hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chamberland filter
A Chamberland filter, also known as a Pasteur–Chamberland filter, is a porcelain water filter invented by Charles Chamberland in 1884. 
It was developed after Henry Doulton's ceramic water filter of 1827. It is similar to the Berkefeld filter in principle.

Charles Chamberland
Charles Edouard Chamberland (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl ʃɑ̃bɛʁlɑ̃]; 12 March 1851 – 2 May 1908) was a French microbiologist from Chilly-le-Vignoble in the department of Jura who worked with Louis Pasteur. Chamberland was present at Pouilly-le-Fort when the efficacy of the anthrax vaccine, which he had made with Emile Roux, was validated. Following this success, Chamberland was put in charge of mass-producing the anthrax vaccine.

In 1884 he developed a type of filtration known today as the Chamberland filter or Chamberland-Pasteur filter, a device that made use of an unglazed porcelain bar. The filter had pores that were smaller than bacteria, thus making it possible to pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter, and having the bacteria completely removed from the solution. Chamberland was also credited for starting a research project that led to the invention of the autoclave device in 1879.
Fraxinus angustifolia 'Pendula Vera'
Fraxinus angustifolia 'Pendula Vera', or true weeping narrow-leafed ash, is a weeping tree and a cultivar of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia, the Narrow-leafed Ash. It was first mentioned by Beissner, Schelle & Zabel  in 1903. No trees are known to survive of this cultivar.

Weeping tree
Weeping trees are trees characterized by soft, limp twigs. This characterization may lead to a bent crown and pendulous branches that can cascade to the ground. While weepyness occurs in nature, most weeping trees are cultivars. Because of their shape, weeping trees are popular in landscaping; generally they need a lot of space and are solitary so that their effect is more pronounced. There are over a hundred different types of weeping trees. Some trees, such as the cherry, have a variety of weeping cultivars.
There are currently around 550 weeping cultivars in 75 different genera, although many have now disappeared from cultivation.
The Purple Plain
The Purple Plain is a 1954 British war film directed by Robert Parrish, with Gregory Peck playing a Royal Canadian Air Force pilot serving in the Royal Air Force in the Burma campaign in the closing months of the Second World War, who is battling with depression after having lost his wife to German bombing in London. The cast also included Win Min Than, Maurice Denham and Lyndon Brook. The film was shot at Pinewood Studios and on location in Ceylon. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jack Maxsted. It was nominated for two BAFTA awards. The film was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by H. E. Bates.

H. E. Bates
Herbert Ernest Bates CBE (16 May 1905 – 29 January 1974), better known as H. E. Bates, was an English writer of novels and short stories. His best-known works include Love for Lydia, The Darling Buds of May and My Uncle Silas.
Superior orbital fissure
The superior orbital fissure is a foramen or cleft of the skull between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone. It gives passage to multiple structures, including the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic veins, and sympathetic fibres from the cavernous plexus.

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
The lesser wings of the sphenoid or orbito-sphenoids are two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points [Fig. 1].

In some animals, they remain as separate bones called orbitosphenoids.
Brian Dixon (American football)
Brian Samuel Dixon (born April 26, 1990) is an American former professional football cornerback. He played college football at Northwest Missouri State. He signed with the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2014.

Brandon Dixon (American football)
Brandon Dixon (born April 26, 1990) is an American former professional football cornerback. He was selected by the New York Jets in the sixth round of the 2014 NFL draft. He played college football at Northwest Missouri State.

Dixon was also a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Seattle Seahawks, Indianapolis Colts, New England Patriots, New Orleans Saints, Pittsburgh Steelers, New York Giants and Orlando Apollos.
Prajesh Sen
G. Prajesh Sen (also spelt G. Prajeshsen; born 29th May at Kilimanoor)  is an Indian filmmaker and writer. In 2017, He has made his directorial debut with Captain, the first sports biopic in malayalam starring Jayasurya and Anu Sithara.

Captain (2018 film)
Captain is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language biographical sports drama film written and directed by Prajesh Sen in his directorial debut. The film is about V. P. Sathyan, former captain of the India national football team, with Jayasurya portraying him. It also stars Anu Sithara, Renji Panicker, Siddique, Deepak Parambol, Saiju Kurup, Kamal Varadoor and Lakshmi Sharma. Jayasurya won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film.
Diocese of Chengdu
The Diocese of Chengdu (formerly spelt Chengtu) (Latin: Dioecesis Cemtuana; simplified Chinese: 天主教成都教区; traditional Chinese: 天主教成都教區) is a suffragan Latin Catholic diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Chongqing covering southwestern China's Sichuan area, yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Established on 15 October 1696 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Szechwan, its episcopal see is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (colloquially known as Ping'anqiao Church) located in the city of Chengdu. The Diocese of Chengdu is the first bishopric of the Catholic Church in Sichuan (Szechwan), since the separation of the mission's eastern territory in 1856, it was designated Western Szechwan Mission.

Archdiocese of Chongqing
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chongqing (formerly spelt Chungking) (Latin: Archidioecesis Ciomchimensis; Chinese: 天主教重慶總教區) is a Latin Church Metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in southwestern China, yet still depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. The Archbishop of Chongqing is the primate of the Catholic Church in Sichuan (Szechwan).

Established on 2 April 1856 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Southeastern Szechwan, its archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral of St. Joseph, located in the provincial-level city of Chongqing, which lies in the eastern part of the mission territory, hence the designation of Eastern Szechwan Mission. The archdiocese has been vacant without an apostolic administrator since 2001.
Kansas City Kitty
Kansas City Kitty is a 1944 American romantic musical film directed by Del Lord, starring Joan Davis and Jane Frazee. The film features the singing Williams Brothers, including the youngest of the quartet, Andy Williams. The film's copyright was renewed in 1971.

The Williams Brothers
The Williams Brothers featuring Andy Williams were a singing quartet formed in the mid-1930s. They initially entertained on radio stations and later appeared in four musical films in the 1940s. After recording with Bing Crosby led to a nightclub act backing Kay Thompson, they broke up in the early 1950s and went their separate ways. Sometimes referred to the second generation, twins Andrew and David (Andy's nephews) began as teen idols and a musical duo in the 1970s, performing extensively on radio, television, and in movies and nightclubs.
Nicolet North-East River
The Nicolet North-East River is a tributary of the west bank of the Nicolet Centre River which empties into the Nicolet Southwest River (hydrographic slope of the Nicolet River). It flows into the municipality of Wotton, in the Les Sources Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Nicolet Southwest River
The Nicolet Southwest River (in French: rivière Nicolet Sud-Ouest) is a tributary on the west bank of the Nicolet River. It empties into the municipality of Nicolet, in the Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

This river flows through the regional county municipalities (MRC):

Administrative region of Estrie:

MRC of Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality: Dudswell;

MRC des Les Sources Regional County Municipality: Danville;

Administrative region of Centre-du-Québec:

MRC of Arthabaska Regional County Municipality: Saint-Félix-de-Kingsey, Quebec, Saint-Samuel;

MRC of Drummond Regional County Municipality: Saint-Lucien, Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Conseil (parish), Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Conseil (village), Sainte-Brigitte-des-Saults;

MRC of Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality: Sainte-Eulalie, Saint-Léonard-d'Aston, Grand-Saint-Esprit, La Visitation-de-Yamaska, Nicolet.
Chlöe Swarbrick
Chlöe Charlotte Swarbrick MP (born 26 June 1994) is a New Zealand politician who has served as a co-leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand since 2024.

Following a high-profile but unsuccessful run for the 2016 Auckland mayoral election, she became a parliamentary candidate for the Green Party, standing in the 2017 New Zealand general election, and was elected, via party list, as a member of Parliament (MP) at the age of 23. In the 2020 election, Swarbrick was elected as the MP for Auckland Central, becoming the second Green Party MP ever to win an electorate seat, and the first without a tacit endorsement from a major party leader. She retained Auckland Central in the 2023 election. In March 2024, she was elected co-leader of the Green Party. Swarbrick is Green Party Spokesperson for Mental Health, Drug Law Reform, Revenue, Climate Change, and Finance.

Auckland Central in the 2020 New Zealand general election
An election took place in the Auckland Central general electorate on 17 October 2020 as part of the 2020 New Zealand general election. After incumbent MP, Nikki Kaye, declared she would not run for re-election, three main candidates emerged as potential victors; Labour candidate and employment lawyer Helen White, National candidate and communications manager Emma Mellow, and incumbent Green list MP Chlöe Swarbrick.

Two polls conducted before the election showed White ahead, with Mellow and Swarbrick coming second and third, respectively. The closeness in the polls between the three candidates lead to concerns of vote splitting on the left between White and Swarbrick, which might have led to a Mellow victory. In a surprising result, Swarbrick won with 35% of the vote, with White on 32% coming second, and Mellow on 27% coming third. The result was the second time the Greens had won an electorate, and the first time they had done so without the endorsement of a major party.
Kōji Shiraishi
Kōji Shiraishi (白石 晃士, Shiraishi Kōji; born June 1, 1973) is a Japanese filmmaker and occasional actor. He is primarily known for directing and writing or co-writing horror films such as Noroi: The Curse (2005), Carved: The Slit-Mouthed Woman (2007), Occult (2009), Teketeke (2009), Cult (2013), and Sadako vs. Kayako (2016).

Noroi: The Curse
Noroi: The Curse (ノロイ, Noroi) is a 2005 Japanese horror film directed by Kōji Shiraishi, who co-wrote the screenplay with Naoyuki Yokota. It stars Jin Muraki as a paranormal researcher investigating mysterious events for a documentary. It is presented as the finished documentary, using pseudo-documentary and found footage techniques. The cast also includes Marika Matsumoto as a fictionalized version of herself alongside Rio Kanno, Tomono Kuga, and Satoru Jitsunashi.

Noroi: The Curse was released in Japan on August 20, 2005, and has received limited distribution elsewhere. It garnered generally positive reviews, with critics commending the presentation, performances, atmosphere, and pacing.
Priyansh Jora
Priyansh Jora (born 13 November 1990) is an actor who has worked in Indian films, web series, and television shows. He is known for his portrayal of lead character Titu in 2014 comedy-drama soap opera Tu Mera Hero which premiered on 22 December 2014 on Star Plus.  Priyansh Jora made his film debut with the movie Khandaani Shafakhana. Released in 2019, "Khandaani Shafakhana" is a comedy-drama film directed by debutant Shilpi Dasgupta, and starring Sonakshi Sinha, Varun Sharma and Badshah.

In 2023, Priyansh Jora portrayed a character called "Vinayak Prabhu" in  the Netflix  television series called Kaala Paani.

Khandaani Shafakhana
Khandaani Shafakhana (transl. Familial clinic) is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by debutante Shilpi Dasgupta, starring Sonakshi Sinha and Badshah, with Varun Sharma and Annu Kapoor supporting roles. The film was theatrically released in India on 2 August 2019.
Handesh
Handesh (also known as Guror Sandesh), known as Teler pitha in Bangla, is a sweet and puffy deep-fried Pitha from the Sylhet region of Bangladesh and Karimganj district of Assam in India. It is eaten both as dessert or as a snack. It is a deep-fried molasses and rice flour cake. It is very popular at the time of the Eid. In the earlier days, like other Pithas, this delicacy used to be made from rice threshed by the unmotorized Dheki.  It can be eaten with tea as a snack. It is also famous on special occasions such as naming ceremonies and wedding festivities. In Assam, India Its called Tel Pitha.

Pitha
Pitha (piṭhā; also called pithe) are a variety of food similar to pancakes, dumplings or fritters, originating from India and Bangladesh. Pitha can be sweet or savoury, and usually made from a dough or batter, which is then steamed, fried or griddled. Very few varieties are oven-baked or boiled, and most are unleavened and cooked on a stovetop (or equivalent). Some versions may have a filling, garnish, or sauce. Few may be set or shaped after cooking. They are typically eaten as a snack with chai, or as treats during special occasions (similar to mithai).

Pitha is especially popular in Bangladesh and the eastern Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh (eastern parts), West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, the South Indian state of Kerala, and the Northeast Indian states, especially Assam. Pithas are typically made of rice flour, although there are some types of pitha made of wheat flour. Less common types of pitha are made of palm or ol (a local root vegetable).
Koide, Niigata
Koide (小出町, Koide-machi) was a town located in Kitauonuma District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It is famous for its snowy ski resort.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 12,735 and a density of 423.93 persons per km2. The total area was 30.04 km2.

On November 1, 2004, Koide, along with the town of Horinouchi, and the villages of Hirokami, Irihirose, Sumon and Yunotani (all from Kitauonuma District), was merged to create the city of Uonuma.

Uonuma
Uonuma (魚沼市, Uonuma-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 35,027 in 13,289 households, and a population density of 37 persons per km2. Its total area is 946.76 square kilometres (365.55 sq mi). The city is famous for its koshihikari rice, which commands a premium in the Japanese market.
FIFA Champions Badge
The FIFA Champions Badge is a kit emblem in the shape of a gold and white shield, awarded by FIFA to the reigning world champions of FIFA competitions, both at national team level (e.g. World Cup, Women's World Cup, Futsal World Cup and Beach Soccer World Cup) and at club team level (e.g. Club World Cup, Intercontinental Cup and Women's Champions Cup).

FIFA owns, produces and licenses the physical badge, which may only be worn on the first-team kits of the reigning title holders and is therefore considered a temporary honour that expires when a new winner is crowned. The badge cannot be used on replica kits or training apparel. The first badge was awarded in February 2008 to Milan, who were the reigning 2007 FIFA Club World Cup champions at the time.

FIFA Futsal World Cup
The FIFA Futsal World Cup is an international futsal competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA, the sport's global governing body. Since the first edition that took place in 1989 in the Netherlands, the tournament has been held every four years since 1992 in the even year between two 11-a-side World Cups.

The current champions are Brazil, who won their sixth world title after beating rivals Argentina in the final of the 2024 tournament in Uzbekistan.

All events prior to 2008 were 16-team events. The first event featured 6 teams from Europe, 3 from South America, 2 from Africa, 2 from Asia, 2 from North and Central America and 1 from Oceania. Since 2012, it includes 24 teams split to a six group round-robin tournament with four teams in each group. The top two teams in each group, together with the 4 highest-ranked third-place finishers, advanced to a sixteen-team knockout stage.
Edwin Smith Papyrus
The Edwin Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text, named after Edwin Smith who bought it in 1862, and the oldest known surgical treatise on trauma. This document, which may have been a manual of military surgery, describes 48 cases of injuries, fractures, wounds, dislocations and tumors.

It is unique among the surviving Egyptian medical papyri because it presents a rational and scientific approach to medicine in ancient Egypt: 58  and avoids prescribing magic. This copy dates to Dynasties 16–17 of the Second Intermediate Period in ancient Egypt, c. 1600 BCE: 70  but the original may date from the Old Kingdom.

Medical literature
Medical literature is the scientific literature of medicine: articles in journals and texts in books devoted to the field of medicine. Many references to the medical literature include the health care literature generally, including that of dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and the allied health professions.

Contemporary and historic views regarding diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of medical conditions have been documented for thousands of years. The Edwin Smith papyrus is the first known medical treatise. Ancient medical literature often described inflictions related to warfare.
Fallsburg, New York
Fallsburg is a town in Sullivan County, New York, United States. The town is in the eastern part of the county. The population was 14,192 at the 2020 census. It is not to be confused with the hamlet of Fallsburg which bears a similar name and is within the town of Fallsburg.

Fallsburg (CDP), New York
Fallsburg is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Fallsburg in Sullivan County, New York, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The community is in eastern Sullivan County, in the center of the town of Fallsburg. It is bordered to the south by South Fallsburg and to the north by Woodbourne. The Neversink River, a tributary of the Delaware River, flows from north to south through the community. New York State Route 42 passes through the community, following the west side of the Neversink. The highway leads north 2 miles (3 km) to Woodbourne and 10 miles (16 km) to Grahamsville, while to the southwest it leads 8 miles (13 km) to Monticello.
Siyamak More Sedgh
Siyamak More Sedgh (Persian: سیامک مره‌صدق, romanized: Siyāmak More-Sedq, Hebrew: סיאמך מורה-צדק‎; born 1965) is a Jewish Iranian politician and doctor who was the holder of the Iranian Parliament's reserved seat for the Jewish minority from 2008 to 2020, and is also the chairman of the Jewish charitable institution Dr. Sapir Hospital and Charity Center. He has been referred to as Iran's "No. 1 Jew."

In his political capacity, More Sedgh has made efforts to improve the position of Jews in Iranian law and society, such as by allowing Jewish children in public schools to not go to school on Saturdays. He supports gradual reforms within the current Islamist framework. In foreign policy, he has repeatedly criticized Israel, which he has dubbed the "Zionist regime". He supported the 2015 Iran nuclear deal. A trained surgeon, he has referred to his work as a doctor at Dr. Sapir Hospital as his "first passion" and his "duty as a human being".

Dr. Sapir Hospital and Charity Center
The Dr. Sapir Hospital and Charity Center, a Jewish charity hospital in Tehran, founded by Yaghoub Massaband (Dye Yaghoub), is the largest charity among the religious minorities in Iran. Over 75 years old, the hospital is under the leadership of Siamak Moreh Sedgh. The Tehran Jewish Committee assist in the financial maintenance of the complex, which is owned by the Tehran Jewish Committee. In 2007, The Christian Science Monitor reported that one cause for the recent co-existence between Jews and Muslims in Tehran, "has been gratitude for the Dr. Sapir Hospital."
Cut the Cake (album)
Cut the Cake is the third album released by Average White Band, released in 1975. The hit title track reached No. 10 on the Billboard pop singles chart. It was dedicated to "our friend and brother Robbie McIntosh".

Cut the Cake (song)
"Cut the Cake" is a song written and performed by Average White Band. It was featured on their 1975 album Cut the Cake. The song was arranged by Roger Ball and produced by Arif Mardin.

The song nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 1976 Grammy Awards, but it lost to "Shining Star" by Earth, Wind & Fire.
Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women
The first Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women was held in New York City on May 9–12, 1837, to discuss the American abolition movement, with two conventions in 1838 and 1839 following. The 1837 gathering represented the first time that women from such a broad geographic area met with the common purpose of promoting the anti-slavery cause among women, and it also was likely the first major convention where women discussed women's rights. Some prominent women went on to be vocal members of the Women's Suffrage Movement, including Lucretia Mott, the Grimké sisters, and Lydia Maria Child.

Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia)
Pennsylvania Hall, "one of the most commodious and splendid buildings in the city," was an abolitionist venue in Philadelphia, built in 1837–38. It was a "Temple of Free Discussion," where antislavery, women's rights, and other reform lecturers could be heard. Four days after it opened it was destroyed by arson, the work of an anti-abolitionist mob.

This was only six months after the murder of Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy by a pro-slavery mob in Illinois, a free state. The abolitionist movement consequently became stronger. The process repeated itself with Pennsylvania Hall; the movement gained strength because of the outrage the burning caused. Abolitionists realized that in some places they would be met with violence. The country became more polarized.
Owlfly
Ascalaphidae is a family of insects in the order Neuroptera, commonly called owlflies; there are some 450 extant species. They are fast-flying crepuscular or diurnal predators of other flying insects, and have large bulging eyes and strongly knobbed antennae. The larvae are ambush predators; some of them make use of self-decoration camouflage.

Neuroptera
The insect order Neuroptera, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron), meaning "nerve", and πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing", also known as net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera is grouped together with the Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia).

Adult neuropterans have four membranous wings, all about the same size, with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis.

Neuropterans first appeared during the Permian period, and continued to diversify through the Mesozoic era. During this time, several unusually large forms evolved, especially in the extinct family Kalligrammatidae, often called "the butterflies of the Jurassic" for their large, patterned wings.