hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gertrude of Brunswick
Gertrud of Brunswick (German: Gertrud von Braunschweig; c. 1060 – 9 December 1117) was Countess of Katlenburg by marriage to Dietrich II, Count of Katlenburg, Margravine of Frisia by marriage to Henry, Margrave of Frisia, and Margravine of Meissen by marriage to margrave Henry I.

She served as regent of the County of Katlenburg during the minority of her son Dietrich III of Katlenburg in 1085-?, as regent of the Margrave of Frisia during the minority of her son Count Otto III of Northeim in 1090-?, and as regent of the County of Northeim during the minority of her son Henry II, Margrave of Meissen in 1103-?. She was also one of the leaders of the insurrections against Emperor Henry IV and his son Henry V.

Henry I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
Henry I (1070–1103), nicknamed the Old, a member of the House of Wettin, was Count of Eilenburg as well as Margrave of the Saxon Eastern March (March of Lusatia) from 1081 and Margrave of Meissen from 1089 until his death.
Northern Cape Heritage Resources Authority
28°44′8″S 24°45′56″E﻿ / ﻿28.73556°S 24.76556°E﻿ / -28.73556; 24.76556

The Northern Cape Heritage Resources Authority, previously called Ngwao Boswa jwa Kapa Bokone (seTswana for 'Heritage Northern Cape'), and commonly known as 'Boswa', is a provincial heritage resources authority established in 2003 by the MEC for Sport, Arts and Culture in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa, and reconstituted in terms of the Northern Cape Heritage Resources Authority Act, 2013. It is an institution set up under the terms of the National Heritage Resources Act. It is mandated to care for that part of South Africa's national estate that is of provincial and local significance in the Northern Cape.

The Heritage Authority is best known as the custodian of the approximately 130 provincial heritage sites in the province, but is also responsible for administration of other forms of protection of heritage established under the terms of the National Heritage Resources Act.

National Monuments Council (South Africa and Namibia)
The National Monuments Council  (NMC) was the national heritage conservation authority of South Africa, and therefore also of Namibia, during the major part of the apartheid era. It was the successor body to the Historical Monuments Commission and became known principally for its declaration of several thousand national monuments. It came into being through the promulgation of the National Monuments Act of 1969 and ceased to exist on 31 March 2000 when it was replaced by SAHRA and the provincial heritage resources authorities established in terms of the National Heritage Resources Act of 1999.
Gmina Jedlnia-Letnisko
Gmina Jedlnia-Letnisko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Jedlnia-Letnisko, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Radom and 91 km (57 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 65.57 square kilometres (25.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,474.

Jedlnia-Letnisko
Jedlnia-Letnisko [ˈjɛdlɲa lɛtˈniskɔ] is a town in Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the administrative gmina district called Gmina Jedlnia-Letnisko. The village has a population of 3,692.
Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology
The Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology is awarded annually by the Inamori Foundation. The Prize is one of three Kyoto Prize categories; the others are the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences and the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy. The first Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology was awarded to Rudolf E. Kálmán, the "creator of modern control and system theory". The Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in fields which are traditionally not honored with a Nobel Prize.

Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences
The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences is awarded once a year by the Inamori Foundation. The Prize is one of three Kyoto Prize categories; the others are the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology and the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy. The first Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences was awarded to Claude Elwood Shannon, the “Establishment of Mathematical Foundation of Information Theory”. The Prize is regarded as a prestigious award available in fields which are traditionally not honored with a Nobel Prize.
Embrun Panthers
The Embrun Panthers are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Embrun, Ontario.  They play in the Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League.

Prior to 2017, the Panthers were members of the National Capital Junior Hockey League.

Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League
The Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League is a junior ice hockey league operating in Eastern Ontario, Canada. The league is sanctioned by Hockey Eastern Ontario and Hockey Canada and acts as a junior B league to the Central Canada Hockey League.  The 13 member teams of the league compete for the Barkley Cup.  Dating back to the 1960s, the league was known until 2015 as the Eastern Ontario Junior B Hockey League. The League was known from 2015 to 2020 as the Central Canada Hockey League Tier 2.
Alnwick Parish, New Brunswick
Alnwick is a geographic parish in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is divided between the village of Neguac, the Indian reserves of Esgenoôpetitj 14 and Tabusintac 9, the incorporated rural community of Alnwick, and the regional municipality of Tracadie. Neguac and Tracadie are members of the Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission, while Alnwick is a member of the Greater Miramichi RSC.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the rural community of Alnwick was divided between four local service districts: Fair Isle, Oak Point - Bartibog Bridge, Tabusintac, and the parish of Alnwick, which also included the islands that are now part of Neguac.

Newcastle Parish, New Brunswick
Newcastle is a geographic parish in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is divided between the city of Miramichi and the Greater Miramichi rural district, with small border areas belonging to the incorporated rural communities of Alnwick (Bartibog area) and Miramichi River Valley (Chaplin Island Road), all of which are members of the Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission, and the Eel Ground 2 and Metepenagiag Uta'nk Indian reserves, which are not part of the RSC.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between Miramichi, the Indian reserves, and the local service districts of Lower Newcastle-Russellville and the parish of Newcastle.
Melbourne tram route 59
Melbourne tram route 59 is a tram route on the Melbourne tramway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, the route is coloured dark green and extends from Airport West to Flinders Street station over 14.7 kilometre of double track via Niddrie, Essendon, Moonee Ponds Junction, Ascot Vale, Flemington, North Melbourne and Elizabeth Street. It is serviced out of Essendon depot utilising Z and B class trams.

Elizabeth Street, Melbourne
Elizabeth Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district, Victoria, Australia, part of the Hoddle Grid laid out in 1837. It is presumed to have been named in honour of governor Richard Bourke's wife, or for Elizabeth I.

The street is known as a retail shopping precinct. It is connected with key shopping and tourist destinations such as Bourke Street Mall, General Post Office, Melbourne Central Shopping Centre, Emporium Melbourne and Queen Victoria Market.

The intersection of Elizabeth Street and Flinders street has been the site of ongoing social and criminal issues in recent times.
Marisa Lago
Marisa Lago (born December 4, 1955) is an American attorney who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade from 2021 to 2025. She previously served as director of the New York City Department of City Planning and chair of the City Planning Commission from 2017 to 2021. Before that, Lago served as assistant secretary for international markets and development in the United States Department of the Treasury from 2010 to 2017, and as president and chief executive officer of the Empire State Development Corporation from 2008 to 2009.

New York City Department of City Planning
The Department of City Planning (DCP) is the department of the government of New York City responsible for setting the framework of city's physical and socioeconomic planning. The department is responsible for land use and environmental review, preparing plans and policies, and providing information to and advising the Mayor of New York City, Borough presidents, the New York City Council, Community Boards and other local government bodies on issues relating to the macro-scale development of the city. The department is responsible for changes in New York City's city map, purchase and sale of city-owned real estate and office space and of the designation of landmark and historic district status. Its regulations are compiled in title 62 of the New York City Rules. The most recent Director of City Planning Marisa Lago resigned in December, 2021 following her confirmation as Under Secretary for International Trade at the United States Department of Commerce.
Claremont, New Hampshire
Claremont is the only city in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 12,949 at the 2020 census. Claremont is a core city of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area, a bi-state, four-county region in the upper Connecticut River valley.

Lebanon, New Hampshire
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən) is the only city in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,282 at the 2020 census, up from 13,151 at the 2010 census. Lebanon is in western New Hampshire, south of Hanover, near the Connecticut River. It is the home to Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College's Geisel School of Medicine, together comprising the largest medical facility between Boston, Massachusetts, and Burlington, Vermont.

Lebanon is a core city of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area, comprising four counties in the upper Connecticut River valley, two in New Hampshire and two in Vermont.
The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (2001 film)
The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (a.k.a. Nicholas Nickleby) is a British TV film which aired in 2001, directed by Stephen Whittaker, based on the 1839 novel Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens.

Nicholas Nickleby
Nicholas Nickleby, or The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, is the third novel by English author Charles Dickens, originally published as a serial from 1838 to 1839. The character of Nickleby is a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies.
Hudson Stuck
Hudson Stuck (November 4, 1863 – October 10, 1920) was a British native who became an Episcopal priest, social reformer and mountain climber in the United States. With Harry P. Karstens, he co-led the first expedition to successfully climb Denali in June 1913, via the South Summit. He published five books about his years in Alaska. Two memoirs were issued in new editions in 1988, including his account of the ascent of Denali.

Stuck was born in London and graduated from King's College London. He immigrated to the United States in 1885 and lived there for the rest of his life. After working as a cowboy and teacher for several years in Texas, he went to the University of the South to study theology. After graduation, he was ordained as an Episcopal priest. Moving to Alaska in 1904, he served as Archdeacon of the Yukon, acting as a missionary for the church and a proponent of "muscular Christianity". He died of pneumonia in Fort Yukon, Alaska.

Fort Yukon, Alaska
Fort Yukon (Gwichyaa Zheh in Gwichʼin) is a village in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska, straddling the Arctic Circle. The population, predominantly Gwichʼin Alaska Natives, was 428 at the 2020 census, down from 595 in 2000.

Fort Yukon was the hometown of the late Alaska Congressman Don Young. Served by Fort Yukon Airport, it is also known for having the record highest temperature in Alaska.
Noheji Station
Noheji Station (野辺地駅, Noheji-eki) is a railway station located in the central district of the town of Noheji in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The station has been operating since 1891.  Since 2010, the station has been jointly operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the Aoimori Railway Company, a third sector, regional rail operator. The station is the southern terminus of JR East's Ōminato Line and was formerly the northern terminus of the Nanbu Jūkan Railway.

Ōminato Line
The Ōminato Line (大湊線, Ōminato-sen) is a railway line operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Noheji Station and Ōminato Station on the Shimokita Peninsula in eastern Aomori Prefecture.
IIEST, Shibpur
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur(pronunciationⓘ) (abbr. IIEST Shibpur) is a public technologicalresearch university located at Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India. Founded in 1856, it is one of the Institutes of National Importance funded by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. It is regulated by the Council of NITSER. It is the fourth oldest engineering institute in India. In October 2010, the Union Cabinet approved the proposal for the conversion of the Bengal Engineering and Science University (BESU) at Shibpur to India's first Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST). IIEST is a member of the Association of Indian Universities.

Institutes of National Importance
In India, an Institution of National Importance (INI) refers to a premier public higher education institution granted special status by the constitution or an act of the Parliament of India. Such institutions are recognized for their pivotal role in developing highly skilled personnel within a specified region of the country or state. Institutes of National Importance enjoy special recognition, greater autonomy, and direct funding from the Government of India.

At the inception of the Constitution of India, the Seventh Schedule declared Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University as institutes of national importance. Subsequently 32nd Amendment in 1973 added University of Delhi to the schedule. Other institutions are accorded as INI by legislations or statutory orders.
Safwat al-Zubad
Safwat al-Zubad (Arabic: صفوة الزبد, lit. 'The Quintessence of Cream') is a didactic poem in Islamic jurisprudence authored by the 9th-century Sunni scholar Ahmad ibn Husayn ibn Raslan al-Ramli (d. 844 AH / 1440 CE). The poem consists of around 1000 rajaz verses and serves as a concise summary of the Shafi'i school, encapsulating its core principles and rulings. It was a standard textbook in renowned numerous Islamic institutions including the Al-Azhar University for centuries.

Ibn Raslan
Shihāb ad-Dīn Abū ’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn ibn Raslān al-Maqdisī al-S̲h̲āfiʿī al-Ṣūfī (Arabic: شهاب الدين أبو العباس أحمد بن حسين بن رسلان المقدسي الشافعي الصوفي), commonly known as Ibn Raslān (Arabic: ابن رسلان; 771-843 AH/ 1371-1440 CE) was a Palestinian Sunni scholar in the late medieval Islamic period. He was a prominent Shafi'i jurist and hadith expert best known for authoring influential works such as Safwat al-Zubad and his extensive 20-volume Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd. It appears he followed the Ash'ari theological school, and was a Sufi in his practice and behaviour.
The Good Citizen
The Good Citizen was a sixteen-page monthly political periodical edited by Bishop Alma White and illustrated by Reverend Branford Clarke. The Good Citizen was published from 1913 until 1933 by the Pillar of Fire Church at their headquarters in Zarephath, New Jersey in the United States. White used the publication to expose "political Romanism in its efforts to gain the ascendancy in the U.S."

In 1915, the publication's anti-Catholic rhetoric aroused the local population in Plainfield, New Jersey and a mob formed to threaten the Pillar of Fire Church. By 1921, the publication was a strong supporter of the Ku Klux Klan.

Pillar of Fire International
The Pillar of Fire International, also known as the Pillar of Fire Church, is a Methodist Christian denomination with headquarters in Zarephath, New Jersey. The Pillar of Fire Church affirms the Methodist Articles of Religion and as of 1988, had 76 congregations around the world, including the United States, as well as "Great Britain, India, Liberia, Malawi, Nigeria, the Philippines, Spain, and former Yugoslavia".

The denomination runs radio stations, a printing press, and educational institutions including a seminary.

In the early 20th century, Pillar of Fire was known for its support for women's rights; in the same century, it was known for supporting the Ku Klux Klan and its racist platform. In 1997 and 2009, Pillar of Fire repudiated the denomination's former association with racism and requested forgiveness from God for formerly holding this position. In the present day, worshippers at the mother church in Zarephath are "young, old, white, black, Asian, Hispanic".
Cowgirl Creamery
Cowgirl Creamery is a company located in Petaluma, California, which manufactures artisan cheeses.  Founded in 1994, the company manufactures its own cheeses and sells other imported and domestic cheese and fine artisan foods.  Its own cheeses include Red Hawk and Mt. Tam (named after Mount Tamalpais). Until April 2021, the company operated a storefront in the Ferry Building of San Francisco. Founders Peggy Smith and Sue Conley worked for years in the kitchens of the Bay Area, and Alice Waters' Chez Panisse, where Peggy worked for many years, is among many Bay Area establishments to incorporate cheeses from Cowgirl Creamery into its menu.

Red Hawk cheese
Red Hawk is a type of American triple-crème aged cow's-milk cheese with a brine-washed rind produced by the Cowgirl Creamery in Point Reyes Station, California. The brine wash encourages the development of the red-orange rind and the cheese was named after red-tailed hawks that are frequently seen around the city of Point Reyes Station.
Savannah State University
Savannah State University (SSU) is a public historically black university in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is the oldest historically black public university in the state. The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Savannah State operates four colleges: College of Business Administration, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology and the Savannah State University College of Education.

Georgia Southern University–Armstrong Campus
Georgia Southern University–Armstrong Campus, formerly Armstrong State University, is one of four campuses of Georgia Southern University, a public university in the U.S. state of Georgia. Occupying a 268-acre (1.08 km2) area on the residential southside of Savannah, Georgia, the school became one of three campuses of Georgia Southern University in 2018. The university's flagship campus is in Statesboro, 50 miles (80 km) west of Savannah. The Armstrong campus is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) from downtown Savannah and 25 miles (40 km) from Tybee Island. Armstrong offers undergraduate and graduate degrees; it has a total student enrollment of approximately 5,000 students.
Moye W. Stephens
Moye Wicks Stephens (February 21, 1906 – 1995) was an American aviator and businessman. He was a pioneer in aviation, circumnavigating the globe with adventure writer Richard Halliburton in 1931, and co-founding Northrop Aircraft, Inc.

Northrop Corporation
Northrop Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1939 until its 1994 merger with Grumman to form Northrop Grumman. The company is known for its development of the flying wing design, most successfully the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Robert William Prescott
Robert William Prescott (May 5, 1913 – March 3, 1978) was an American aviator and entrepreneur. An ace with the Flying Tigers in the early part of World War II, he went on to found the Flying Tiger Line, the first scheduled cargo airline in the United States.

Flying Tiger Line
Flying Tiger Line, also known as Flying Tigers, was the first scheduled cargo airline in the United States and a military charter operator during the Cold War era for both cargo and personnel (the latter with leased aircraft). The airline was bought by Federal Express in 1989.
The Student (newspaper)
The Student is a fortnightly independent newspaper produced by students at the University of Edinburgh.  First started in 1887, the newspaper is distributed on Wednesdays and usually consists of 32 pages. It has a physical circulation of 2,500 copies per issue and is read by some 30,000 people in Edinburgh, as of 2017.

Since 1992, The Student has become financially and editorially independent from the University of Edinburgh and its students' association. It therefore relies on advertising and fundraising to cover costs. The newspaper is produced by volunteers, who fit this work around their studies. Since September 2017, the paper has switched from weekly production to its current fortnightly format.

The newspaper held the title of Best Student Newspaper in Scotland – awarded by The Herald Student Press Awards – in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010. It also won the Student Publication Association's Best Publication Award in 2024.

Edinburgh University Students' Association
Edinburgh University Students' Association (EUSA) is the students' union at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. The Association's aim is the advancement of education of Edinburgh students by representing and supporting them, and by promoting their interests, health and welfare within the community. It is led by a team of five elected student sabbatical officers.

Due to the evolution of student unionism at Edinburgh, student sports are not part of the main university union, and are overseen by a separate organisation, Edinburgh University Sports Union (EUSU), which has its own representative and organisational structure. EUSU works closely with the university's Centre for Sport and Exercise.

Ash Scholz is the current President and was elected in March 2025.
Hugo Siepmann
Richard Hugo Siepmann known as Hugo Siepmann (German pronunciation: [ˈziːpman]; 24 May 1868 – 4 October 1950) was a German industrialist, philanthropist and gentleman farmer. He was one of the founders of the Siepmann concern, once Germany's second largest drop steel foundry. Between 1933 and 1938, Siepmann served as president of the IHK Arnsberg. From 1939 he was appointed honorary president.

Siepmann
Siepmann Industries (/ˈsiːpmən/; SEEP-muhn; colloquially referred to as Siepmann) is a German industrial concern headquartered in Warstein, Germany. Founded in 1891, Siepmann is primarily known for being active in the coal, steel, ammunition, armaments industry as well as important supplier to the automotive, maritime and energy industries.

The concern is primarily made up by two arms Siepmann-Werke GmbH & Co KG (drop steel foundry) and PERSTA-Stahlarmaturen GmbH & Co KG (valves) and historically belonged among the most important employers of the region, at peak employing over 3,000 employees, and important supplier to Germany during World War I and World War II, such as for curb chains and tanks. Siepmann was the second largest drop steel foundry after the Krupp concern.
John Kaminiates
John Kaminiates (Greek: Ἰωάννης Καμινιάτης, fl. tenth century) was a Greek resident of Thessalonica when the city, then one of the largest in the Byzantine Empire, was besieged and sacked by a Saracen force led by Leo of Tripoli in 904. His account of the city's plunder, On the capture of Thessalonica (Εἰς τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης, Eis tēn alōsin tēs Thessalonikēs), survives in four manuscripts; though of these, none were written before the fourteenth century, causing some concern over the text's authenticity.

Sack of Thessalonica (904)
The sack of Thessalonica was the capture and subsequent sack of the Byzantine city of Thessalonica by the Abbasid Caliphate and Tulunids in the year 904, led by Leo of Tripoli, a privateer and Muslim convert.