hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Utagawa Toyokuni
Utagawa Toyokuni (歌川 豊国; 1769 – 24 February 1825), also often referred to as Toyokuni I, to distinguish him from the members of his school who took over his gō (art-name) after he died, was a great master of ukiyo-e, known in particular for his kabuki actor prints. He was the second head of the renowned Utagawa school of Japanese woodblock artists, and was the artist who elevated it to the position of great fame and power it occupied for the rest of the nineteenth century.

Utagawa school
The Utagawa school (歌川派) was one of the main schools of ukiyo-e, founded by Utagawa Toyoharu. It was the largest ukiyo-e school of its period. The main styles were bijin-ga (beautiful women) and uki-e (perspective picture). His pupil, Toyokuni I, took over after Toyoharu's death and led the group to become the most famous and powerful woodblock print school for the remainder of the 19th century.

Hiroshige, Kunisada, Kuniyoshi and Yoshitoshi were Utagawa students. The school became so successful and well known that today more than half of all surviving ukiyo-e prints are from it.

Founder Toyoharu adopted Western-style deep perspective, an innovation in Japanese art. His immediate followers, Utagawa Toyohiro and Toyokuni adopted bolder, more sensuous styles than Toyoharu and specialized in different genres — Toyohiro in landscapes and Toyokuni in kabuki actor prints. Later artists in the school specialized in other genres, such as warrior prints and mythic parodies.
Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Schaumburg-Lippe, also called Lippe-Schaumburg, was created as a county in 1647, became a principality in 1807 and a free state in 1918, and was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present-day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg, an area of 340 km2 (130 sq mi) and over 40,000 inhabitants.

Bückeburg
Bückeburg (German pronunciation: [ˈbʏkəbʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Bückeborg) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the border with North Rhine Westphalia. It is located in the district of Schaumburg close to the northern slopes of the Weserbergland ridge. Bückeburg has a population of 21,030.
Chaturbhuj (mountain)
Chaturbhuj (Hindi: चतुर्भुज) is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand, India. The elevation of Chaturbhuj is 6,654 metres (21,831 ft) and its prominence is 357 metres (1,171 ft). It is 52nd highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. Chaturbhuj lies between the Matri 6,721 metres (22,051 ft) and Shwetvarn 6,340 metres (20,801 ft). Its nearest higher neighbor Yogeshwar lies 2.7 km east. It is located 5.9 km NW of chirbas Parbat 6,529 metres (21,421 ft) and 8.5 km east lies Sri Kailash 6,932 metres (22,743 ft).

Matri (mountain)
Matri (Hindi: मातृ) is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand, India. Matri standing majestically at 6,721 metres (22,051 ft). It is joint 46th highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. Matri lies between the Chaturbhuj 6,654 metres (21,831 ft) and Chirbas Parbat 6,529 metres (21,421 ft). Its nearest higher neighbor Sri Kailash  lies 10.3 km east. It is located 4.6 km NW of Sudarshan Parbat 6,507 metres (21,348 ft) and 5.7 km NW lies Kalidhang 6,373 metres (20,909 ft).
The Mint (Australian game show)
The Mint is an Australian phone-in quiz show based on the British program of the same name, and broadcast on the Nine Network in selected areas in the late night time slot (post-midnight).

The show was filmed live at Nine's GTV Richmond studios in Melbourne. It replaced Quizmania and was produced entirely by the Nine Network, unlike Quizmania which was produced by FremantleMedia Australia. Like Quizmania, the program received its revenue from phone charges rather than advertisements.

Only contestants aged 18 or over were allowed to participate. Each entry cost a flat 55c charge to a premium-rate 1902 number when calling from a landline.

On 18 March 2008, it was announced that The Mint would be axed. The final episode aired on 29 March 2008.

The Mint (British game show)
The Mint was a live, late night, interactive quiz show with celebrity guests and live studio contestants filmed on a large extravagant set designed to look like the inside of a mansion. The programme, which was dogged by criticism that its questions were ambiguous and arbitrary, aired on ITV and ITV2, Sunday to Wednesday. On 26 February 2007, ITV announced that The Mint would return to screens later in 2007; however, an announcement on 12 September 2007 confirmed that the show, along with similar late night phone ins, would not be returning.
Kalikapur Barasat
Kalikapur Barasat is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Jaynagar Majilpur police station in the Jaynagar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Jaynagar Majilpur
Jaynagar Majilpur (Bengali: [d͡ʒɔe̯nɔgoɾ mod͡ʒɪlpuɾ] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The town is famous for its confectionery called Jaynagarer Moa.
Chasewater
Chasewater is a reservoir located in the parish of Burntwood and the district of Lichfield in Staffordshire, England. Originally known as Norton Pool and Cannock Chase Reservoir, it was created as a canal feeder reservoir in 1797. The reservoir was created to directly supply the Wyrley and Essington Canal and maintain levels in the 160-mile (260 km) Birmingham Canal Network. During a period of great industrial growth in the Black Country region the maintenance of water levels in canal infrastructure was essential and Chasewater was in great demand. As canals became less essential for transport of goods during the mid-20th century, the reservoir diversified and became a popular public amenity with activities such as water-skiing, sailing, wakeboarding and cycling. Chasewater is the third largest reservoir by volume in the county of Staffordshire and the largest canal feeder reservoir in the West Midlands.

Birmingham Canal Navigations
Birmingham Canal Navigations (BCN) is a network of canals connecting Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and the eastern part of the Black Country. The BCN is connected to the rest of the English canal system at several junctions. It was owned and operated by the Birmingham Canal Navigation Company from 1767 to 1948.

At its working peak, the BCN contained about 160 miles (257 km) of canals; today just over 100 miles (160 km) are navigable, and the majority of traffic is from tourist and residential narrowboats.
North Hills, Los Angeles
North Hills, known previously as Sepulveda, is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California.

North Hills was originally part of an agricultural community known as Mission Acres. After World War II, the newly developed suburban community was renamed Sepulveda, after the prominent Sepúlveda family of California. In 1991, it was renamed North Hills.

Mission Acres, California
Mission Acres was a rural community in the northern San Fernando Valley. Its historic boundaries correspond roughly with the former community of Sepulveda and present day community of North Hills within Los Angeles, California. The community's western border was Bull Creek, which flowed south out of Box Canyon in the western San Gabriel Mountains near San Fernando Pass.
54th Security Force Assistance Brigade
The 54th Security Force Assistance Brigade (54th SFAB) is a Security Force Assistance Brigade of the United States Army. It is an Army National Guard formation headquartered out of Indiana and falls under the Regular Army's Security Force Assistance Command.

After 2017, Security Force Assistance Brigades became the dedicated conventional formations for conducting U.S. Army security force assistance overseas. EAch brigade was envisaged to be able to perform with minimal cultural and regional orientation.

Army officials told the press in May 2025 that the 54th and the 4th SFABs will be deactivated, with no timeline announced, freeing up seasoned soldiers for duty in traditional line units, leaving the Army with four operational SFABs.

Security Force Assistance Brigade
A Security Force Assistance Brigade (SFAB) (pronounced ESS-fab) is a specialized United States Army unit formed to conduct security force assistance (SFA) missions: to train, advise, assist, enable and accompany operations with allied and partner state armed forces. SFABs are intended to reduce the burden of such irregular operations on conventionally focused forces, allowing conventional manoeuvre divisions and brigades to focus on decisive, regular battle.

Designed on the model of a standard infantry brigade combat team, SFABs are composed of roughly 800 personnel, primarily commissioned and non-commissioned officers selected from regular and Army National Guard units and given additional training at the Military Advisor Training Academy (MATA) at Fort Benning, Georgia.
Candelina submexicana
Candelina submexicana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. This small lichen forms yellow patches that hug tightly to rock surfaces, with flattened lobes radiating outward from the center. It is closely related to Candelina mexicana but can be distinguished by its smaller size, more reddish-yellow color, and different internal structure. The species grows in sunny, dry locations across Mexico, the southwestern United States, and Peru, typically on exposed non-limestone rocks.

Candelina mexicana
Candelina mexicana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. This lichen forms bright yellow, rosette-shaped patches on sun-exposed rocks, with narrow lobes radiating outward from the center. It is found across a wide range from the southwestern United States through Mexico to northern South America, typically growing on non-calcareous rocks in arid and semi-arid environments. The species was first discovered in Mexico in the early 1900s and is distinguished from similar yellow lichens by its unique cellular structure and chemical composition.
Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumours characterized by an admixture of stromal and epithelial tissue. Breasts are made of lobules (milk producing glands) and ducts (tubes that carry the milk to the nipple). These are surrounded by glandular, fibrous and fatty tissues. Fibroadenomas develop from the lobules. The glandular tissue and ducts grow over the lobule to form a solid lump.

Since both fibroadenomas and breast lumps as a sign of breast cancer can appear similar, it is recommended to perform ultrasound analyses and possibly tissue sampling with subsequent histopathologic analysis in order to make a proper diagnosis. Unlike typical lumps from breast cancer, fibroadenomas are easy to move, with clearly defined edges.

Fibroadenomas are sometimes called breast mice or a breast mouse owing to their high mobility in the breast.

Breast mass
A breast mass, also known as a breast lump, is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding tissue. Breast pain, nipple discharge, or skin changes may be present. Concerning findings include masses that are hard, do not move easily, are of an irregular shape, or are firmly attached to surrounding tissue.

Causes include fibrocystic change, fibroadenomas, breast infection, galactoceles, and breast cancer. Breast cancer makes up about 10% of breast masses. Diagnosis is typically by examination, medical imaging, and tissue biopsy. Tissue biopsy is often by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Repeated examination may be required.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. It may vary from simple pain medication to surgical removal. Some causes may resolve without treatment. Breast masses are relatively common. It is the most common breast complaint with the women's concern generally being that of cancer.
Cicer reticulatum
Cicer reticulatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to southeastern Turkey. It is the wild progenitor of the cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and is found primarily near Savur in the Mardin district. The species is characterised by its prostrate growth habit, distinctive reticulated seed surface pattern, and strong genetic compatibility with domestic chickpeas. First described by the botanist Gideon Ladizinsky in 1975, C. reticulatum has demonstrated its close evolutionary relationship to cultivated chickpea through hybridisation experiments that produce fertile offspring and through genomic studies showing 99.93% similarity between their chloroplast genomes. It grows naturally alongside wild peas and lentils in what is historically known as part of the Fertile Crescent.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
Roseolovirus
Roseolovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. There are currently six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: HHV-6: sixth disease (roseola infantum, exanthema subitum); HHV-7: symptoms analog to the 'sixth disease'.

Human herpesvirus 7
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is one of nine known members of the Herpesviridae family that infects humans. HHV-7 is a member of Betaherpesvirinae, a subfamily of the Herpesviridae that also includes HHV-6 and Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5 or HCMV). HHV-7 often acts together with HHV-6, and the viruses together are sometimes referred to by their genus, Roseolovirus. HHV-7 was first isolated in 1990 from CD4+ T cells taken from peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Eye-D
Frank Nitzinsky (born 14 October 1974), better known by his stage name, Eye-D, is a Dutch drum & bass producer and DJ based in Goes, The Netherlands. He is one-half of hardcore duo, The Outside Agency, alongside DJ Hidden.

The Outside Agency
The Outside Agency is a Dutch hardcore techno duo composed of DJ/producers Noël Wessels (also known by the stage name DJ Hidden) and Frank Nitzinsky (also known by the stage name Eye-D). The pair operate out of two studios based in Goes, Netherlands. They also run two record labels: Genosha Recordings and its sister label Genosha One Seven Five.
Mistletoe (novel)
Mistletoe is a fantasy and horror novel by English writer Alison Littlewood. It was first published in the United Kingdom in October 2019 by Jo Fletcher Books, and is about a widow who buys a farmhouse in Yorkshire to start a new life, but is haunted by ghosts of the farm's former occupants.

Mistletoe generally received positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for the 2020 British Fantasy Society August Derleth Award for Best Horror Novel.

Alison Littlewood
Alison Littlewood is a British author of horror novels and short stories. She also writes under the name Alison J. Littlewood and the pen name A. J. Elwood.

Littlewood grew up in Penistone, South Yorkshire. She attended Northumbria University where she studied English and history. She began a career in marketing, but later switched to writing fiction. Littlewood currently lives in Doncaster, South Yorkshire with her partner.
France–Spain relations
France and Spain maintain bilateral relations, in which both share a long border across the Pyrenees, other than one point which is cut off by Andorra. As two of the most powerful kingdoms of the early modern era, France and Spain fought a 24-year war (the Franco-Spanish War) until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. The treaty was signed on Pheasant Island between the two nations, which has since been a condominium, changing its allegiances each six months.

Both nations are member states of the European Union (and both nations utilize the euro as currency); both are also members of the Council of Europe, OECD, NATO, Union for the Mediterranean, and the United Nations.

Treaty of the Pyrenees
The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed on 7 November 1659 and ended the Franco-Spanish War that had begun in 1635.

Negotiations were conducted and the treaty was signed on Pheasant Island, situated in the middle of the Bidasoa River on the border between the two countries, which has remained a French-Spanish condominium ever since. It was signed by Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain, as well as their chief ministers, Cardinal Mazarin and Don Luis Méndez de Haro.
Croatia men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
This article lists various water polo records and statistics in relation to the Croatia men's national water polo team at the Summer Olympics.

The Croatia men's national water polo team has participated in 7 of 27 official men's water polo tournaments.

Croatia men's national water polo team
The Croatia men's national water polo team represents Croatia in international water polo competitions and is controlled by the Croatian Water Polo Federation. They have won gold medals in the Olympics, World and European Championships, FINA World League and Mediterranean Games, making them one of the most successful men's water polo teams in the world. Overall Croatia won 33 medals at competitions.

It was the first Croatian national team to win a gold medal at the Olympics or World Games, the World and European Championships.

Croatia played their 800th game since gaining independence on 20 August 2022 and they won their 517th victory.
Ratramnus
Ratramnus (died c. 868) was a Frankish monk of the monastery of Corbie, near Amiens in northern France, and a Carolingian theologian known best for his writings on the Eucharist and predestination. His Eucharistic treatise De corpore et sanguine Domini (On the Body and Blood of the Lord) was a counterpoint to his abbot Paschasius Radbertus’s realist Eucharistic theology. Ratramnus was also known for his defense of the monk Gottschalk, whose theology of double predestination was the center of much controversy in 9th-century France and Germany. In his own time, Ratramnus was perhaps best known for his Against the Objections of the Greeks who Slandered the Roman Church, a response to the Photian schism and defense of the filioque addition to the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed. The writings of Ratramnus influenced the Protestant reformation of the 16th century.

Paschasius Radbertus
Paschasius Radbertus (785–865) was a Carolingian theologian and the abbot of Corbie, a monastery in Picardy founded in 657 or 660 by the queen regent Bathilde with a founding community of monks from Luxeuil Abbey. His most well-known and influential work is an exposition on the nature of the Eucharist written around 831, entitled De Corpore et Sanguine Domini. He was canonized in 1073 by Pope Gregory VII. His feast day is 26 April.

His works are edited in Patrologia Latina vol. 120 (1852) and his important tract on the Eucharist and transubstantiation, De Corpore et Sanguine Domini, in a 1969 edition by B. Paulus, published by Brepols (Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaevalis 16).
Demurrage
"Demurrage" /dɪˈmʌrɪdʒ/ in vessel chartering is the amount of liquidated damages owed by a charterer to a shipowner when the charterer remained in possession of the vessel for the purpose of loading and unloading (laytime) beyond the time allowed by contract. That is, demurrage describes the charges that the charterer pays to the ship owner for its delayed operations of loading or unloading. Officially, demurrage is a form of liquidated damages for breaching the laytime as it is stated in the governing contract (the charterparty). The demurrage sometimes causes a loss to the seller as it increases cost of the total freight.

The inverse of demurrage is despatch. If the charterer requires the use of the vessel for less time than the laytime allowed, the charterparty may require the shipowner to pay despatch for the time saved.

Chartering (shipping)
Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their vessel to a charterer.  The contract between the parties is called a charterparty (from French charte partie 'parted document'). The three main types of charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter.
305 mm/46 Model 1909
The 305 mm /46 Model 1909 was a naval gun that was the main armament of two classes of Italian dreadnought battleships and one unique dreadnought of the Regia Marina built at the beginning of World War I. Many of these guns were later modified to 320 mm Model 1934 and 320 mm Model 1936 naval guns by boring out their barrels, adding new liners and developing new ammunition. A number of unconverted guns including those from the scrapped Dante Alighieri and the salvaged Leonardo da Vinci were also used as coastal artillery during World War II.

320 mm Model 1934 naval gun
The 320 mm naval gun was the main battery gun used to modernize Italy's World War I battleships for service during World War II. The guns were manufactured by boring out and relining the battleships' original 12"/46 (30 cm) built-up guns and modifying the turrets to increase elevation above the original 20°  maximum. Each ship carried two 548-tonne twin turrets and two 745-tonne triple turrets. All guns used pneumatically operated side-swing Welin breech blocks. Each barrel could fire two rounds per minute.

In service these guns chronically suffered of great horizontal dispersion, both from the worsened thermodynamic performance of the guns themselves and from the unequal quality of the shells fired.
Murder of Yeu Lam Ching
On 25 March 1988, at Bukit Timah, 49-year-old lorry driver Yeu Lam Ching (杨云清 Yáng Yúnqīng) was robbed and murdered by two men. The two men, Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman and Mazlan Maidun, were swiftly arrested and charged with murder. Mazlan, who directly stabbed the victim to death with a knife, was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death, while Abdul Aziz, who only robbed the victim and never took part in the stabbing, was found guilty of armed robbery and thus jailed for ten years and given 12 strokes of the cane. Mazlan was hanged on 21 January 1994 after losing his appeal.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.