hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DIN rail
A DIN rail is a metal rail of a standard type widely used for mounting circuit breakers and industrial control equipment inside equipment racks. These products are typically made from cold rolled carbon steel sheet with a zinc-plated or chromated bright surface finish. Although metallic, they are meant only for mechanical support and are not used as a busbar to conduct electric current, though they may provide a chassis grounding connection.

The term derives from the original specifications published by Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) in Germany, which have since been adopted as European (EN) and international (IEC) standards.  The original concept was developed and implemented in Germany in 1928, and was elaborated into the present standards in the 1950s.

Deutsches Institut für Normung
Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardisation) is a German non-profit organization and acting as national organization for standardization. DIN is the German ISO member body. DIN is headquartered in Berlin. There are around thirty thousand DIN Standards, covering nearly every field of technology.
Ocean Parkway (Long Island)
The Ocean Parkway (abbreviated as OP) is a 15.59-mile (25.09 km) limited-access parkway that traverses Jones Beach Island between Jones Beach State Park and Captree State Park on Long Island, New York, United States. It begins at the southern terminus of the Meadowbrook State Parkway and heads east across Jones Beach Island, intersecting the south end of the Wantagh State Parkway before ending just past the Robert Moses Causeway.

The highway is designated New York State Route 909D (NY 909D), an unsigned reference route – and it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing asset to the Jones Beach State Park, Causeway and Parkway System historic district.

Robert Moses Causeway
The Robert Moses Causeway is an 8.10-mile (13.04 km) controlled-access parkway in Suffolk County, New York on Long Island. It is named for the master builder and urban planner Robert Moses.  The parkway, originally known as the Captree Causeway, connects West Islip on Long Island to the barrier beach islands, such as Captree Island, Jones Beach Island, and the western tip of Fire Island, to the south. It is designated New York State Route 908J (NY 908J), an unsigned reference route.
Ashburton District Council
Ashburton District Council is the territorial authority for the Ashburton District of New Zealand. The council consists of the mayor of Ashburton and nine ward councillors.

The current mayor is Liz McMillan.

Mayor of Ashburton
The mayor of Ashburton is the elected head of local government in the Ashburton District of New Zealand's South Island; one of 67 mayors in the country. The mayor is based in the principle town (and namesake) of the district, Ashburton. The mayor presides over the Ashburton District Council and is directly elected using the first-past-the-post method.

From 1878 until the 1989 local government reforms, the area was administered by a borough council. Liz McMillan is the current mayor of Ashburton; she was first elected in the 2025 local elections.
Takahiro Arai
Takahiro Arai (Japanese: 新井 貴浩, born January 30, 1977, in Naka-ku, Hiroshima) is a Japanese-Korean former professional baseball player. He is the manager of Hiroshima Toyo Carp in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball from the 2023 season.

His younger brother Ryota is also a former professional baseball player who played for Hanshin Tigers.

Ryota Arai
Ryota Arai (新井 良太, Arai Ryota; born August 16, 1983 in Hiroshima) is a Japanese former professional baseball infielder and the second-string hitting coach for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He played in NPB for the Chunichi Dragons from 2006 to 2010, and with the Hanshin Tigers from 2011 to 2017.

His elder brother Takahiro is also a former professional baseball player.
Jerome Armstrong
Jerome Armstrong (born 1964) is an American political strategist. In 2001, he founded MyDD, a blog which covered politics, making him one of the first political bloggers. Armstrong coined the term netroots, and was referred to as "The Blogfather" for having mentored many other famous bloggers such as Markos Moulitsas in their early years. He is credited as one of the architects of Howard Dean's 2004 grassroots presidential campaign, and bringing those tactics to campaigns globally. In 2005, Armstrong co-founded Vox Media with Markos Moulitsas and Tyler Bleszinski.

Markos Moulitsas
Markos Moulitsas Zúniga (/ˈmɑːrkoʊs muːˈliːtsəs/; born September 11, 1971), often known by his username and former military nickname "Kos" (/ˈkoʊz/ KOHZ), is an American blogger who is the founder and publisher of Daily Kos, a blog focusing on far-left and Democratic Party politics in the United States. He co-founded SB Nation, a collection of sports blogs, which is now a part of Vox Media.
Acehnese cuisine
Acehnese cuisine is the cuisine of the Acehnese people of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia. This cuisine is popular and widely known in Indonesia. Arab, Persian, and Indian traders influenced food culture in Aceh although flavours have substantially changed their original forms. The spices combined in Acehnese cuisine are commonly found in Indian and Arab cuisine, such as ginger, pepper, coriander, cumin, cloves, cinnamon, cardamom, and fennel.

A variety of Acehnese food is cooked with curry or coconut milk, which is generally combined with meat such as buffalo, beef, goat meat, lamb, mutton, fish, or chicken. Several Aceh dishes can trace their origins to India, such as roti canai, which was derived from Indian flatbread.

Roti canai
Roti canai (/tʃa'naj/), or roti prata (in Singapore), also known as roti chanai and roti cane, is an unleavened flatbread of Indian origin found in the cuisines of Southeast Asia, especially those of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. It is usually served with dal or other types of curry but can also be cooked in a range of sweet or savoury variations made with different ingredients, such as meat, eggs, or cheese.
Gipsy House
Gipsy House (formerly Little Whitefield) is a house in the village of Great Missenden in the English county of Buckinghamshire. It was the home of the writer Roald Dahl and his family for several decades. The house is situated on Whitefield Lane, an old drovers' road on the outskirts of the village. It is currently privately owned but the writing hut is on display at Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre.

Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre
The Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre is a museum in the village of Great Missenden in Buckinghamshire, England. Children's and short story writer Roald Dahl lived in the village in Gipsy House for 36 years until his death in 1990.
Expected loss
Expected loss is the sum of the values of all possible losses, each multiplied by the probability of that loss occurring.

In bank lending (homes, autos, credit cards, commercial lending, etc.) the expected loss on a loan varies over time for a number of reasons. Most loans are repaid over time and therefore have a declining outstanding amount to be repaid. Additionally, loans are typically backed up by pledged collateral whose value changes differently over time vs. the outstanding loan value.

Three factors are relevant in analyzing expected loss:

Probability of default (PD)

Exposure at default (EAD)

Loss given default (LGD)

Exposure at default
Exposure at default (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor.

Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as credit exposure (CE). It represents the immediate loss that the lender would suffer if the borrower (counterparty) fully defaults on its debt.

The EAD is closely linked to the expected loss, which is defined as the product of the EAD, the probability of default (PD) and the loss given default (LGD).
Francis Meilland
Francis Meilland (February 20, 1912— June 15, 1958) was a French rose breeder and co-founder of Meilland International, a family-owned rose growing company in southern France. The Meilland family has been breeding and selling roses since 1850. Francis Meilland is best known for developing the legendary Hybrid tea rose, 'Peace', in the 1930s. Since the rose's introduction in the U.S. in 1945, over 40 million 'Peace' roses have been sold worldwide.

Meilland International SA
Meilland International SA is a family-owned rose growing business founded circa 1850. The business operates today out of the Domaine de Saint André in Le Cannet-des-Maures, Le Luc en Provence, Var, France with branches all over the world.
Geuzen
Geuzen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣøːzə(n)]; lit. 'The Beggars'; French: Les Gueux) was a name assumed by the confederacy of Calvinist Dutch nobles, who from 1566 opposed Spanish rule in the Netherlands. The most successful group of them operated at sea, and so were called Watergeuzen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋaːtərɣøːzə(n)]; lit. 'Water Beggars'; French: Gueux de mer). In the Eighty Years' War, the Capture of Brielle by the Watergeuzen in 1572 provided the first foothold on land for the rebels, who would conquer the northern Netherlands and establish an independent Dutch Republic. They can be considered either as privateers or pirates, depending on the circumstances or motivations.

Capture of Brielle
The Capture of Brielle by the Watergeuzen, on 1 April 1572 marked a turning point in the uprising of the Low Countries against Spain in the Eighty Years' War. Militarily the success was minor as the port of Brielle was undefended, but it provided the first foothold on land for the rebels at a time when the rebellion was all but crushed, and it offered the sign for a new revolt throughout the Netherlands which led to the formation of the Dutch Republic.
Institution of Electrical Engineers
The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and information technology professionals, especially electrical engineers. It began in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. In 2006, it merged with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers and the new organisation is Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Notable past presidents have included Lord Kelvin (1889), Sir Joseph Swan (1898) and Sebastian de Ferranti (1910–11). Notable chairmen include John M. M. Munro (1910–11).

Institution of Incorporated Engineers
The Institution of Incorporated Engineers (IIE) was a multidisciplinary engineering institution in the United Kingdom. In 2006 it merged with the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) to form the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Before the merger the IIE had approximately 40,000 members. The IET is now the second largest engineering society in the world next to the IEEE. The IET has the authority to establish professional registration of engineers (Chartered Engineer or Incorporated Engineer) through the Engineering Council. The IEEE does not have the authority to replicate the registration process in its complementary environment.
Sergei Bulgakov
Sergei (Sergius) Nikolayevich Bulgakov (Russian: Серге́й Никола́евич Булга́ков, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪdʑ bʊlˈɡakəf]; 28 July [O.S. 16 July] 1871 – 13 July 1944) was a Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, and economist. Orthodox scholar David Bentley Hart has named Bulgakov "the greatest systematic theologian of the twentieth century." Father Sergei Bulgakov also served as a spiritual father and confessor to Mother Maria Skobtsova (who was canonized a saint by the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 16 January 2004). Sergei Bulgakov is best known for his development of a theological system centered on Sophia, the Wisdom of God.

Sophiology
Sophiology (Russian: Софиология; by detractors also called  Sophianism
(Софианство) or Sophism (Софизм))  is a controversial school of thought in the Russian Orthodox tradition of Eastern Orthodox Christianity that holds that Divine Wisdom (or Sophia—Greek: σοφία; literally translatable to "wisdom") is to be identified with God's essence, and that this Divine Wisdom is in some way expressed in the world as 'creaturely' wisdom. This notion has often been characterized as introducing a feminine "fourth hypostasis" into the Trinity.
Caganer
A Caganer (Catalan pronunciation: [kəɣəˈne]) is a figurine depicted in the act of defecation appearing in nativity scenes in Catalonia and neighbouring areas such as Andorra, Valencia, Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia (in southern France). It is most popular and widespread in these areas, but can also be found in other areas of Spain (Murcia) and Portugal.

The name "El Caganer" literally means "the pooper". Traditionally, the figurine is depicted as a peasant, wearing the traditional Catalan red cap (the barretina) and with his trousers down, showing a bare backside, and defecating.

Barretina
A barretina (Catalan pronunciation: [bərəˈtinə]; plural: barretines, diminutive of barret "cap") is a traditional hat that was frequently worn by men in parts of the Christian cultures of the Mediterranean Sea such as Catalonia, the Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands, Provence, Corsica, Sicily, Malta, Sardinia, part of Naples, part of the Balkans and parts of Portugal. It was also worn by Muslim men in Mallorca until the Christian conquest of the island in the Middle Ages.
A Short History of the Confederate States of America
A Short History of the Confederate States of America is a memoir written by Jefferson Davis, completed shortly before his death in 1889.  Davis wrote most of this book while staying at Beauvoir along the Mississippi Gulf Coast near Biloxi, Mississippi.

The book is much less a Davis memoir than an articulation of the secession argument.  In Davis' earlier work, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, he had written what is probably the most thorough exegesis of the compact theory of the United States Constitution in existence, devoting the first fifteen chapters of the book to that topic.  Fearful that his readers might not understand, or might forget, he repeated the explanation every second or third chapter after that.  Still concerned that people might not understand the compact theory of the Constitution, he wrote A Short History of the Confederate States of America shortly before his death.

The book was first published in 1890 by Belford Co. in New York.

The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government
The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (1881) is a book written by Jefferson Davis, who served as President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Davis wrote the book as a straightforward history of the Confederate States of America and as an apologia for the causes that he believed led to and justified the American Civil War.

He wrote most of the book at Beauvoir, the Biloxi, Mississippi, plantation where he was living as a guest of the novelist and wealthy widow Sarah Ellis Dorsey.  Ill with cancer, in 1878 she made over her will and left the plantation to him before her death in 1879.  She had already assisted him in his writing, notably with organization, editing, and encouragement.

Davis was also assisted by his wife, Varina, and his secretary Major W. T. Walthall.  He corresponded voluminously with surviving Confederate statesmen and generals, including Judah Benjamin and Jubal Early, for fact-checking and details on key issues.
Tangipahoa River
The Tangipahoa River (/tændʒɪpəˈhoʊ.ə/ tan-ji-pə-HOH-ə) originates northwest of McComb in southwest Mississippi, and runs south 122 miles (196 km) through Lake Tangipahoa in Percy Quin State Park before passing into southeast Louisiana. There it flows entirely in the eponymous Tangipahoa Parish until its mouth opens into the northwest region of Lake Pontchartrain.

The Tangipahoa River was named after the Tangipahoa Indians.

According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Tangipahoa River has also been known as:

Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana
Tangipahoa Parish ( /ˌtændʒɪpəˈhoʊə/) is a parish located on the southeastern border of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 133,157. The parish seat is Amite City, while the largest city is Hammond. Southeastern Louisiana University is located in Hammond. Lake Pontchartrain borders the southeastern side of the parish.

The name Tangipahoa comes from an Acolapissa word meaning "ear of corn" or "those who gather corn." The parish was organized in 1869 during the Reconstruction era.

Tangipahoa Parish comprises the Hammond, LA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Baton Rouge–Hammond, LA combined statistical area. It is one of what are called the Florida Parishes, at one time part of West Florida.
Colby railway station
Colby railway station (Manx: Stashoon Raad Yiarn Cholby) is a small railway station on the southern edge of the village of Colby in the south of the Isle of Man served by the Isle of Man Railway; it forms part of the sole remaining section of the network which once covered over 46 miles island-wide.

Colby, Isle of Man
Colby (Manx: Colby) is a small village in the south of the Isle of Man in the parish of Arbory. It lies on the A7 road between the towns of Castletown and Port Erin and close to the similarly sized village of Ballabeg.
Garden, Michigan
Garden is a village in Delta County of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 174 at the 2020 census. The village is located within Garden Township.

M-183 runs through the village, connecting with Fayette eight miles (13 km) southwest and with U.S. Highway 2 at Garden Corners, nine miles (14 km) to the north.

Garden Township, Michigan
Garden Township is a civil township of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township had a total population of 772, up from 750 at the 2010 census. In 2012, it became home to the first wind farm in the Upper Peninsula, the 28 MW Garden Wind Farm.
Henry Head
Sir Henry Head, FRS (4 August 1861 – 8 October 1940) was an English neurologist who conducted pioneering work into the somatosensory system and sensory nerves. Much of this work was conducted on himself, in collaboration with the psychiatrist W. H. R. Rivers, by severing and reconnecting sensory nerves and mapping how sensation returned over time. Head-Holmes syndrome and Head-Riddoch syndrome are named after him.

W. H. R. Rivers
William Halse Rivers Rivers FRS FRAI (12 March 1864 – 4 June 1922) was an English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist and psychiatrist known for treatment of First World War officers suffering shell shock.  Rivers' most famous patient was the war poet Siegfried Sassoon, with whom he remained close friends until his own sudden death.

During the early years of the 20th century, Rivers developed new lines of psychological research. He was the first to use a double-blind procedure in investigating physical and psychological effects of consumption of tea, coffee, alcohol and drugs. For a time he directed centres for psychological studies at two colleges, and he was made a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. He also participated in the Torres Strait Islands expedition of 1898, the basis for his seminal work on kinship in anthropology.
Lee Valley Park
Lee Valley Regional Park is a 10,000-acre (40 km2) 26 miles (42 km) long linear park, much of it green spaces, running through the northeast of Greater London, Essex and Hertfordshire. The park follows the course of the River Lea (Lee) along the Lea Valley from Ware in Hertfordshire through Essex and the north east of Greater London, through the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park to East India Docks Basin on the River Thames. The park is managed by Lee Valley Regional Park Authority and is made up of a diverse mix of countryside areas, urban green spaces, heritage sites, country parks, nature reserves and lakes and riverside trails, as well as leading sports centres covering an area of over 10,000 acres (40 km2). It is crossed by a number of roads and railways.

Lee Valley Regional Park Authority
Lee Valley Regional Park Authority (LVRPA) is a statutory body that is responsible for managing and developing the 26 miles (42 km) long, 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) Lee Valley Regional Park. The park was established by Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1967. The headquarters of the authority are in Myddelton House, Bulls Cross in the London Borough of Enfield, well known in the horticultural world for the gardens developed by E.A. Bowles (1865–1954)  and still fully maintained and open to the public.
Zalizne
Zalizne (Ukrainian: Залізне, IPA: [zɐˈl⁽ʲ⁾izne]), formerly Artemove(1921-2016) (Ukrainian: Артемове; Russian: Артёмово), is a city in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is part of the Toretsk urban hromada. The distance to Toretsk by local road is approximately 6 km.

On 19 May 2016, Artemove was renamed to Zalizne, conforming to the law prohibiting names of communist origin.

Population: 4,928 (2022 estimate), 6,725 (2001).

Toretsk urban hromada
Toretsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Торецька міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Toretsk.

It has an area of 67.5 square kilometres (26.1 sq mi) and a population of 66,369, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 19 settlements: 2 cities (Toretsk and Zalizne), 2 villages (Leonidivka and Yuriivka), and 15 rural settlements:
Vegas Knight Hawks
The Vegas Knight Hawks are a professional indoor football team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The Knight Hawks began play in 2022 at Lee's Family Forum. The franchise is owned by Bill Foley, the owner of the Vegas Golden Knights.

The Knight Hawks are the fourth football team to play in the Las Vegas metropolitan area following the arrival of the National Football League's Las Vegas Raiders, the XFL Las Vegas Outlaws, and the Canadian Football League's Las Vegas Posse, as well as being the fourth arena/indoor football team to play in Vegas following the defunct Las Vegas Sting, Las Vegas Gladiators, and Las Vegas Outlaws, all from the Arena Football League.

Lee's Family Forum
Lee's Family Forum is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Henderson, Nevada. Built on the site of the former Henderson Pavilion, it is the home of the Henderson Silver Knights of the American Hockey League, the Vegas Knight Hawks of the Indoor Football League, the Vegas Thrill of the Pro Volleyball Federation, the Las Vegas Desert Dogs of the National Lacrosse League, and the former home of the NBA G League Ignite of the NBA G League.

It is owned by the city of Henderson and operated by Black Knight Sports and Entertainment, parent company of the Vegas Golden Knights.
Iowa Army Ammunition Plant
The Iowa Army Ammunition Plant (IAAAP), located in Des Moines County in southeastern Iowa, near the city of Burlington, produces and delivers component assembly, and medium- and large-caliber ammunition items for the United States Department of Defense using modern production methods in support of worldwide operations. The facility is part of the US Army Joint Munitions Command.

Burlington, Iowa
Burlington is a city in and the county seat of Des Moines County, Iowa, United States. The population was 23,982 in the 2020 census, a decline from the 26,839 population in 2000. Burlington is the center of a micropolitan area, which includes West Burlington and Middletown, Iowa, and Gulfport, Illinois. Burlington is the home of Snake Alley, the crookedest street on earth.