hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Augusta Chiwy
Augusta Marie Chiwy (6 June 1921 – 23 August 2015) was a Belgian nurse who was a volunteer during the Siege of Bastogne in 1944. She worked with the U.S. Army physician John Prior and with fellow Belgian nurse Renée Lemaire, treating injured soldiers during the Battle of the Bulge.

Renée Lemaire
Renée Lemaire (10 April 1914 – 24 December 1944) was a Belgian nurse who volunteered her service at an American military aid station during the Siege of Bastogne in December 1944. She was killed during a German air raid on Christmas Eve in 1944.
Bob Beattie (skiing)
Robert Prime Beattie (/biːˈætiː/ bee-AT-ee; January 24, 1933 – April 1, 2018) was an American skiing coach, skiing promoter and commentator for ABC Sports and ESPN.  He was head coach of the U.S. Ski Team from 1961 to 1969 and co-founded the Alpine Skiing World Cup in 1966.  His work as a ski-racing commentator for ABC included four Winter Olympic Games, from 1976 through 1988.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Maria Torres-Springer
Maria Torres-Springer (born January 24, 1977) is an American government official and former nonprofit executive. Torres-Springer is the first Filipina to serve as First Deputy Mayor of New York City. Previously the vice president for U.S. programs at the Ford Foundation, she has been city's Deputy Mayor for Housing, Economic Development and Workforce; Commissioner of the NYC Department of Small Business Services; and Commissioner of the NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD). She was also the president and CEO of the NYC Economic Development Corporation (EDC). Torres-Springer was the First Deputy Mayor of New York City from October 8, 2024 to March 14, 2025 when she resigned. On November 5, 2025, mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani named her a co-chair to his transition team.

Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area
In the New York metropolitan area, Filipinos constitute one of the largest diasporas in the Western Hemisphere. By 2014 Census estimates, the New York City-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area was home to 262,375 Filipino Americans, 221,612 (84.5%) of them uniracial Filipinos.
Admissible decision rule
In statistical decision theory, an admissible decision rule is a rule for making a decision such that there is no other rule that is always "better" than it (or at least sometimes better and never worse), in the precise sense of "better" defined below. This concept is analogous to Pareto efficiency.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Government of Rivers State
The Government of Rivers State consists of elected representatives and appointed officials responsible for the government of Rivers State, Nigeria. Rivers State has a population of about 5 million people, and is one of the 36 states that make up the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The state government is composed of the executive, legislative, and
judicial branches, whose powers are vested by the
Constitution in the House of Assembly, the Governor and the High Court. The judiciary operates independently of the executive and the legislature. At the local level, elected officials are in charge of local government areas.

Rivers State House of Assembly
Rivers State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Rivers State inaugurated in 1979. It is a unicameral body with 32 members elected into 32 state constituencies. The Assembly's primary function is to enact laws for the peace, order, and good governance of Rivers State, as outlined in the Constitution of Nigeria. The current Speaker of the State Assembly is Martins Amaewhule.
Georgia Fort
Georgia Ellyse Fort is an American independent award-winning journalist based in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area. She has been covering the ongoing protests in that area against ICE raids and the killings of Renee Good and Alex Pretti. Along with Don Lemon, she was arrested by federal agents on January 30, 2026, after reporting on a protest against ICE at Cities Church in St. Paul.

Don Lemon
Don Renaldo Lemon-Clark (born March 1, 1966) is an American television journalist best known for being a host on CNN from 2014 until 2023. He anchored weekend news programs on local television stations in Alabama and Pennsylvania during his early days as a journalist. Lemon worked as a news correspondent for NBC on its programming, such as Today and NBC Nightly News.

Lemon is a recipient of an Edward R. Murrow Award in 2002 for his coverage of the capture of the Washington, D.C. snipers. He also received three regional Emmy Awards for his special report on real estate in Chicago and a business feature on Craigslist.

He joined CNN in 2006, also as a correspondent and later achieved prominence as the presenter of Don Lemon Tonight from 2014 to 2022. He recently served as a co-host of CNN This Morning, alongside Kaitlan Collins and Poppy Harlow. He was fired by CNN in April 2023.
A Careless Widow and Other Stories
A Careless Widow and Other Stories is a collection of short fiction by V. S. Pritchett published in 1989 by Random House. The six stories first appeared individually in literary periodicals [See below Stories]

Pritchett's last volume of original short fiction, A Careless Widow was published when he was eighty-eight. The collection received the £10,000  WH Smith Literary Award in 1989.

V. S. Pritchett
Sir Victor Sawdon Pritchett CH CBE FRSL (also known as VSP; 16 December 1900 – 20 March 1997) was a British writer and literary critic.

Pritchett was known particularly for his short stories, collated in a number of volumes. Among his most noteworthy works of short fiction are "The Sailor", "The Saint", and "The Camberwell Beauty".

His non-fiction works include the memoirs A Cab at the Door (1968) and Midnight Oil (1971), and many collections of essays on literary biography and criticism.
Jean-Claude Trichet
Jean-Claude Anne-Marie Louis Trichet (French: [ʒɑ̃klod tʁiʃɛ]; born 20 December 1942) is a French economist and senior official who was President of the European Central Bank (ECB) from 2004 to 2011. Previous to his assumption of the presidency he was Governor of the Bank of France from 1993 to 2004.

After stepping down from the ECB, Trichet has taken speaking arrangements across France and was on the board of directors of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). He was also asked to join the Brussels-based non-doctrinal think tank Bruegel to consult on economic policy. In 2008, Trichet ranked fifth on Newsweek's list of the world's most powerful along with economic triumvirs Ben Bernanke (fourth) and Masaaki Shirakawa (sixth).

Bruegel (think tank)
Bruegel is a think tank devoted to policy research on economic issues. Based in Brussels, it started operations in 2005 and currently conducts research in five different focus areas with the aim of improving economic debate and policy-making.

Bruegel was recognised as the best international economics think tank worldwide (non-US) and the second best think tank worldwide (US and non-US), according to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Report.

It has a governance and funding model based on memberships from Member States of the European Union, international corporations, and other institutions.
Puffing Billy (locomotive)
Puffing Billy is the world's oldest surviving steam locomotive, constructed in 1813–1814 by colliery viewer William Hedley, enginewright Jonathan Forster and blacksmith Timothy Hackworth for Christopher Blackett, the owner of Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne, in the United Kingdom. It was employed to haul coal chaldron wagons from the mine at Wylam to the docks at Lemington in Northumberland.

Wylam
Wylam /ˈwaɪləm/ is a village and civil parish in the county of Northumberland, England. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne.

It is famous for the being the birthplace of George Stephenson, one of the early railway pioneers. George Stephenson's Birthplace, his cottage, can be found on the north bank of the Tyne 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village. It is owned by the National Trust.

Wylam has further connections with the early railway pioneers. The steam locomotive engineer Timothy Hackworth, who worked with Stephenson, was also born here. William Hedley who was born in the nearby village of Newburn attended the village school. He later went on to design and manufacture Puffing Billy in 1813, two years before George Stephenson produced his first locomotive Blücher. Christopher Blackett as lord of the manor in the first 30 years of the 19th century provided the entrepreneurial drive that encouraged these engineers.
Bagan
Bagan (/bəˈɡæn/ bə-GAN; Burmese: ပုဂံ Băgam [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute Myanmar. During the kingdom's height between the 11th and 13th centuries, more than 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan plains alone, of which the remains of over 2200 temples and pagodas survive.

The Bagan Archaeological Zone is a main attraction for the country's nascent tourism industry.

Nyaung-U
Nyaung-U (Burmese: ညောင်ဦးမြို့) is the administrative town of Nyaung-U Township of Nyaung-U District in the Mandalay Region of central Myanmar.  It lies on the eastern bank of Ayeyarwady River. It is just 4 kilometers away from old Bagan, a popular tourist attraction. The Shwezigon Pagoda is located there. The other popular places in and around Nyaung-U were

Htilominlo Pagoda

Gubyaukgyi Pagoda

Ahlodawpyae Pagoda and

Hgnet Pyit Taung Hill

It is the home of Nyaung U Airport. It can be reached by air, by railway, by bus and by boat.

The 8.10 inches (203 mm) rainfall of 19 Oct 2011 was the record breaking one for past 47 years. The previous record was 5.67 inches (144 mm) of 9 Oct 1989. It has a population of 48,528.
Maud de Ufford
Maud de Ufford, Countess of Oxford (1345/1346 – 25 January 1413) was a wealthy English noblewoman and the wife of Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford. Her only child was Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, the favourite of King Richard II. In 1404 in Essex, she took part in a conspiracy against King Henry IV and was sent to the Tower of London; however, she was eventually pardoned through the efforts of Queen Joanna.

She resided in the village of Great Bentley in Essex.

Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford
Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, KG (16 January 1362 – 22 November 1392) was a favourite and court companion of King Richard II of England. He was the ninth Earl of Oxford and the first Duke of Ireland and the only Marquess of Dublin. He was also the first person to be created a Marquess.
Esc key
On computer keyboards, the Esc key Esc (named Escape key in the international standard series ISO/IEC 9995) is a key used to generate the escape character (which can be represented as ASCII code 27 in decimal, Unicode U+001B, or Ctrl+[). The escape character, when sent from the keyboard to a computer, often is interpreted by software as "stop", "cancel" or "exit", and when sent from the computer to an external device (including many printers since the 1980s, computer terminals and Linux consoles, for example) marks the beginning of an escape sequence to specify operating modes or characteristics generally.

It is now generally placed at the top left corner of the keyboard, a convention dating at least to the original IBM PC keyboard, though the key itself originated decades earlier with teletypewriters.

Escape sequence
In computing, an escape sequence is a sequence of characters that has a special semantic meaning based on an established convention that specifies an escape character prefix in addition to the syntax of the rest of the text of a sequence. A convention can define any particular character code as a sequence prefix. Some conventions use a normal, printable character such as backslash (\) or ampersand (&). Others use a non-printable (a.k.a. control) character such as ASCII escape.

Escape sequences date back at least to the 1874 Baudot code.
Rosa Vercellana
Rosa Vercellana, 1st Countess of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda (11 June 1833 – 26 December 1885), commonly known as 'Rosina' and, in Piedmontese, as La Bela Rosin, was the mistress and later wife of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy. Despite this, the morganatic status of her marriage meant that she was never recognized as Queen of Italy.

Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse or to any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms.

Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner). Usually, neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has a claim on the husband's succession rights, titles, precedence, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate for all other purposes and the prohibition against bigamy applies. In some countries, a woman could also marry a man of lower rank morganatically.
Dometius of Byzantium
Dometius of Byzantium (Greek: Δομέτιος; died 284) was bishop of Byzantium from about 272 to about 284.

He was a brother of the Roman emperor Probus. He converted to Early Christianity, and fled Rome to Byzantium with his two sons, Probus and Metrophanes to escape persecution.

He was baptised by bishop Titus of Byzantium, whom he succeeded. and entered the clergy. After the death of Titus in 272 he became bishop.

His sons  later became bishops of the same city: Probus (served 293–306) and Metrophanes (served 306–314).

Probus of Byzantium
Probus of Byzantium (Greek: Πρόβος; died 306) was bishop of Byzantium from 293 to 306. Probus was the son of Dometius of Byzantium, brother of Roman emperor Probus, who was the predecessor of his predecessor Rufinus of Byzantium. Probus was the brother of Metrophanes of Byzantium, who was his successor.
Lim Dall-young
Lim Dall-young (born June 14, 1977) is a South Korean writer known for scripting the manhwa Unbalance Unbalance and the Korean–Japanese manga Black God and Freezing. He is the founder of Artlim Media, which was established in 1999.

Unbalance ×2
Unbalance ×2 (Korean: 언밸런스×2; RR: Eonbaelleonseu×2; MR: Ŏnbaellŏnsŭ×2; lit. Unbalance ×2, also Unbalance Unbalance) is a Korean manhwa series written by Dall-Young Lim and illustrated by Soo-Hyun Lee. The series focuses on Jin-Ho Myung, a high school senior, and his romantic relationship with his homeroom teacher, Hae-Young Nah. The manhwa began biweekly serialization in Young Champ magazine in May 2005, and the first volume was released on June 15, 2005 by Daewon C.I. The series had a long hiatus following the release of the ninth volume, and resumed serialization in Young Champ from October 2010 to October 2011. The tenth and final volume was released by Daewon C.I. on January 13, 2012. Unbalance Unbalance was licensed in North America by Infinity Studios, which released the first volume on January 11, 2007. A drama CD was released in Japan in September 2009.
Eduard Nikolaev
Eduard Valentinovich Nikolaev (Russian: Эдуард Валентинович Николаев; born 21 August 1984) is a Russian rally raid driver, best known for winning the 2013 Dakar Rally, 2017 Dakar Rally, 2018 Dakar Rally and the 2019 Dakar Rally in the truck category for Kamaz.

2013 Dakar Rally
The 2013 Dakar Rally was the 35th running of the event and the fifth successive year that the event was held in South America. The event started in Lima, Peru on 5 January and finished in Santiago, Chile on 19 January after fourteen stages of competition. 448 vehicles in four classes of competition started the event, which comprised a total distance of over 8,500 kilometres. The motorcycle category was won by French rider Cyril Despres for a fifth time, riding a KTM; Marcos Patronelli took his second win in the quad competition riding a Yamaha; Stéphane Peterhansel captured his eleventh Dakar victory in the car  category alongside co-driver Jean-Paul Cottret at the wheel of a Mini; and Eduard Nikolaev's maiden victory re-captured the truck category title for Kamaz.
Psalterium alias Laudatorium
The Psalterium alias laudatorium (Psalter or Doxology) is a literary work that was written by Francesc Eiximenis in Latin between 1404 and 1408 in Valencia. It consists of a collection of prayers, and was dedicated to the Pope of Avignon Benedict XIII.

Francesc Eiximenis
Francesc Eiximenis (Catalan: [fɾənˈsɛsk əʃiˈmɛnis]; c. 1330 – 1409) was a Franciscan Catalan writer who lived in the 14th-century Crown of Aragon. He was possibly one of the more successful medieval Catalan writers since his works were widely read, copied, published and translated. Therefore, it can be said that both in the literary and in the political sphere he had a lot of influence. Among his readers were numbered important people of his time, such as the kings of the Crown of Aragon Peter IV, John I and Martin I, the queen Maria de Luna (wife of Martin I), and the Pope of Avignon Benedict XIII.
Bill Burgess
Thomas William Burgess (15 June 1872 – 5 July 1950) was the second person to successfully complete a swim of the English Channel after Matthew Webb, following sixteen attempts. Burgess was British but spent most of his life in France, and won a bronze medal with the French water polo team at the 1900 Olympics.

In 1926 he coached Gertrude Ederle, who became the first woman to swim the English Channel.

Gertrude Ederle
Gertrude Caroline Ederle (/ˈɛdərli/; October 23, 1905 – November 30, 2003) was an American competition swimmer, Olympic champion, and world record-holder in five events. On August 6, 1926, she became the first woman to swim across the English Channel. Among other nicknames, the press called her "Queen of the Waves".
Fernando Muñoz Altea
Fernando Muñoz Altea (22 November 1925 – 2 March 2018) was the King of Arms of the Royal House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. He was a Spanish/Mexican historian, specialised in the study of the aristocratic European colonial families of the Americas. Muñoz Altea was born in Madrid (Spain) on November 22, 1925. He died in Mexico City on March 2, 2018. Don Fernando Muñoz Altea was considered the "Dean of the Kings of Arms", since due to his seniority in the trade, he was one of the very few and genuine Kings of Arms left in the world in his time. The extraordinary quality of his genealogical certifications and of his heraldic designs, which he carried out personally, is internationally renowned.

King of arms
King of arms is the senior rank of an officer of arms. In many heraldic traditions, only a king of arms has the authority to grant armorial bearings and sometimes certify genealogies and noble titles. In other traditions, the power has been delegated to other officers of similar rank.
Cuxtal Ecological Reserve
The Cuxtal Ecological Reserve (Yucatec Maya pronunciation: [kuʃˈtal], from the Mayan language meaning "life") is located in the southern zone of Mérida Municipality, between 20° 47' and 20° 55' of north latitude and 89° 33 and 89° 40' of west longitude. The Reserve limits to the north with the city of Mérida, south with the commissariats of Yaxnic and Texán Cámara, east with the municipality of Kanasín and west with the commissariats of San José Tzal and Ticimul. It provides 50% of the water in the City of Mérida and is home to 168 bird species, most of them migratory, as well as plants, mammals, reptiles, invertebrates and amphibians. It contains 7 historic haciendas, archaeological sites, cenotes as well as a nature preservation and the Biological Sciences campus of the Autonomous University of Yucatán.

Hacienda San Pedro Chimay
Hacienda San Pedro Chimay is located in the Mérida Municipality in the state of Yucatán in southeastern Mexico. It is one of the properties that arose during the nineteenth century henequen boom. It is part of the Cuxtal Ecological Reserve which was set aside in 1993 to protect both the man-made and natural history of the reserve area of Mérida.
ZA Oripri Stadium
ZA Oripri Stadium (ゼットエーオリプリスタジアム) is a football and athletics stadium located in Ichihara, Japan. Completed in 1987, the stadium consists of a large main stand and several smaller stands in a ring. Approximately 500 seats are covered; the cold Ichihara winds tend to create an uncomfortable experience for most patrons.

It was formerly known as Ichihara Stadium. Since April 2013 it has been called ZA Oripri Stadium for the naming rights.

From 1993 until 2005 the stadium was home to J.League side JEF United Chiba until the club moved to its new home at the Fukuda Denshi Arena in Chiba, it remains to be seen if the club will still use Seaside Stadium as an alternate venue though it is currently used by JEF Reserves, which play football in a regional league.

JEF United Chiba
JEF United Chiba (ジェフユナイテッド千葉, Jefu Yunaiteddo Chiba), full name JEF United Ichihara Chiba (ジェフユナイテッド市原・千葉, Jefu Yunaiteddo Ichihara Chiba) and also known as JEF Chiba (ジェフ千葉, Jefu Chiba), is a Japanese professional football club based in Chiba, capital of Chiba Prefecture. They currently play in the J1 League, the top tier of the Japanese football league system, after promotion from the J2 League in 2025.
Cryogenic particle detector
Cryogenic particle detectors operate at very low temperature, typically only a few degrees above absolute zero. These sensors interact with an energetic elementary particle (such as a photon) and deliver a signal that can be related to the type of particle and the nature of the interaction. While many types of particle detectors might be operated with improved performance at cryogenic temperatures, this term generally refers to types that take advantage of special effects or properties occurring only at low temperature.

Bolometer
A bolometer is a device for measuring radiant heat by means of a material having a temperature-dependent electrical resistance. It was invented in 1878 by the American astronomer Samuel Pierpont Langley.