hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mating system
A mating system is a way in which a group is structured in relation to sexual behaviour. The precise meaning depends upon the context. With respect to animals, the term describes which males and females mate under which circumstances. Recognised systems include monogamy, polygamy (which includes polygyny, polyandry, and polygynandry), and promiscuity, all of which lead to different mate choice outcomes and thus these systems affect how sexual selection works in the species which practice them. In plants, the term refers to the degree and circumstances of outcrossing. In human sociobiology, the terms have been extended to encompass the formation of relationships such as marriage.

Polygyny in animals
Polygyny (/pəˈlɪdʒɪni/; from Neo-Greek πολυγυνία, from  πολύ- (polú-) 'many' and  γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, wife') is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a few males. Systems where several females mate with several males are defined either as promiscuity or polygynandry. Lek mating is frequently regarded as a form of polygyny, because one male mates with many females, but lek-based mating systems differ in that the male has no attachment to the females with whom he mates, and that mating females lack attachment to one another.

Polygyny is typical of one-male, multi-female groups and can be found in many species including: elephant seal, spotted hyena, gorilla, red-winged prinia, house wren, hamadryas baboon, common pheasant, red deer, Bengal tiger, Xylocopa sonorina, Anthidium manicatum and elk. Often in polygynous systems, females will provide the majority of parental care.
Saint-Gilles, Belgium
Saint-Gilles (French, pronounced [sɛ̃ ʒil] ⓘ) or Sint-Gillis (Dutch, pronounced [sɪntˈxɪlɪs] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the southern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Anderlecht, Forest and Ixelles. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch), but predominantly French-speaking nowadays.

Saint-Gilles has a multicultural identity stemming from its diverse population. The housing stock varies from semi-derelict tenements near Brussels-South railway station in the north, to elegant bourgeois houses on the southern borders with Uccle and Ixelles, to tourist hotels at the inner end of the Chaussée de Charleroi/Charleroisesteenweg.

Forest, Belgium
Forest (French, pronounced [fɔʁɛ] ⓘ) or Vorst (Dutch, pronounced [vɔrst] ⓘ), is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the southern part of the region, it is bordered by Anderlecht, Ixelles, Uccle, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipality of Drogenbos. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

As of 1 January 2022, the municipality had a population of 56,616 inhabitants. The total area is 6.29 km2 (2.43 sq mi), which gives a population density of 8,998/km2 (23,300/sq mi).

The municipality is commonly known for Forest National/Vorst Nationaal concert hall. It houses an Audi factory and a railway depot that is home to the Belgian fleet of Eurostar train sets. It also formerly had a prison, Forest Prison.
Mundesley
Mundesley /ˈmʌn.zli/ is a coastal village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 20 miles (32 km) north-northeast of Norwich, 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Cromer and 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northeast of the town of North Walsham.

Cromer
Cromer (/ˈkroʊmər/ KROH-mər) is a coastal town and civil parish on the north coast of the North Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. It is 23 miles (37 kilometres) north of Norwich, 9 miles (14 km) northwest of North Walsham and 4 miles (6 kilometres) east of Sheringham on the North Sea coastline.
The local government authorities are North Norfolk District Council, whose headquarters is on Holt Road in the town, and Norfolk County Council, based in Norwich. The civil parish has an area of 4.66 km2 (1+13⁄16 sq mi) and at the 2011 census had a population of 7,683.

The town is notable as a traditional tourist resort and for the Cromer crab, which forms the major source of income for local fishermen. The motto Gem of the Norfolk Coast is highlighted on the town's road signs.
Billboard Latin rhythm charts
The Billboard Latin rhythm charts began in 2005 when an album chart were introduced as Latin Rhythm Albums in the May 21 issue of the magazine.  Three months later, Billboard then established Latin Rhythm Airplay, which initially rank the most-played songs played on Latin rhythm radio stations before switching to an audience-based methodology in January 2011. As the music and radio industries, as well as the technology to monitor and measure sales and airplay, have evolved, Billboard currently publishes three different Latin rhythm charts. On April 8, 2025, Billboard debuted the Hot Latin Rhythm Songs chart, which ranks the best-performing Latin rhythm songs across streaming, digital, and airplay from all radio stations in the United States.

By "Latin rhythm", Billboard generally refers to the genre as Spanish-speaking urbano music, including reggaeton and Latin hip hop/trap.

Urbano music
Urbano music (Spanish: música urbana [ˈmusika uɾˈβana]; Portuguese: música urbana [ˈmuzikɐ uʁˈbɐ̃nɐ]) or Latin urban is a transnational umbrella category including many different genres and styles. As an umbrella term it includes a wide and diverse set of genres and styles such as dancehall, dembow, urban champeta, funk carioca, Latin hip hop and reggaeton. The commercial breakthrough of this music took place in 2017 with artists from Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico, the United States, Venezuela and even non-Spanish-speaking nations, such as Brazil, where Portuguese is spoken.
The Phoenix Guards
The Phoenix Guards is a fantasy novel by American writer Steven Brust, the first novel in the Khaavren Romances series, set in the fictional world of Dragaera. Like the other books in that series, the novel is heavily influenced by the d'Artagnan Romances written by Alexandre Dumas and is written by Brust in the voice and persona of a Dragaeran novelist, Paarfi of Roundwood, whose style is a tongue-in-cheek parody of Dumas, matching both his swashbuckling sense of adventure and his penchant for tangents and longwindedness. Brust describes the book as "a blatant ripoff of The Three Musketeers." The Khaavren Romances books have all used Dumas novels as their chief inspiration, recasting the plots of those novels to fit within Brust's established world of Dragaera. The next several books in the cycle are inspired by the subsequent Musketeers books, while 2020's The Baron of Magister Valley uses The Count of Monte Cristo as a starting point.

Steven Brust
Steven Karl Zoltán Brust (born November 23, 1955) is an American fantasy and science fiction author of Hungarian descent. He is best known for his series of novels about the assassin Vlad Taltos, one of a disdained minority group of humans living on a world called Dragaera. His recent novels also include The Incrementalists (2013) and its sequel The Skill of Our Hands (2017), with co-author Skyler White.

As a drummer and singer-songwriter, Brust has recorded one solo album and two albums as a member of Cats Laughing. Brust also co-wrote songs on two albums recorded in the mid-1990s by the band Boiled in Lead.
Fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry
The fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry states that on any Riemannian manifold (or pseudo-Riemannian manifold) there is a unique affine connection that is torsion-free and metric-compatible, called the Levi-Civita connection or (pseudo-)Riemannian connection of the given metric. Because it is canonically defined by such properties, this connection is often automatically used when given a metric.

Levi-Civita connection
In Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian geometry (in particular the Lorentzian geometry of general relativity), the Levi-Civita connection is the unique affine connection on the tangent bundle of a manifold that preserves the (pseudo-)Riemannian metric and is torsion-free. The fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry states that there is a unique connection that satisfies these properties.

The connection formalizes and generalizes the "rolling without slipping or twisting" method of transporting tangent planes of a smooth surface embedded in  (or generally, any Riemannian manifold, by the Nash embedding theorems).

The covariant derivative is defined given any affine connection. In the theory of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, the "covariant derivative" by default refers to the one defined using the Levi-Civita connection. The components (structure coefficients) of this connection with respect to a system of local coordinates are called Christoffel symbols.
Muhammad Shabana
Muhammad Shabaneh (Arabic: محمد شبانة‎; 1973 – 13 May 2025), also known by his nickname Abu Anas (Arabic: أبو أنس), was the commander of the Rafah Brigade in the military wing of Hamas, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. Under his command were about four battalions.

It was reported that Shabaneh had a large extended family in Sinai, Egypt. In leaflets dropped by the IDF in Gaza in November 2023, a bounty of $500,000 was offered for his capture.

In May 2025, the IDF and Shin Bet claimed that de facto leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip Mohammed Sinwar was targeted in an Israeli airstrike on a bunker under the Gaza European Hospital in Khan Yunis. The strike killed 26 people, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. According to the Saudi channel Al-Hadath, Shabaneh's body was recovered from the tunnel along with Sinwar.

Mohammed Sinwar
Mohammed Ibrahim Hassan al-Sinwar (Arabic: محمد إبراهيم حسن السنوار, romanized: Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Ḥasan as-Sinwār; 16 September 1975 – 13 May 2025) was a Palestinian politician and militant who became the third Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip, following the killing of his brother, Yahya Sinwar in October 2024. He also served as the seventh commander of the Al-Qassam Brigades since July 2024. He held both positions until he was killed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in May 2025.

Born in the Khan Yunis refugee camp, Sinwar spent several years in Israeli and Palestinian Authority jails in the 1990s and became the leader of Hamas's Khan Yunis Brigade in 2005. Israel attempted to assassinate him several times prior to killing him in May 2025.
WMMZ
WMMZ (103.5 FM, "The River, 105 & 103-5") is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits music format. Licensed to Berwick, Pennsylvania, United States, the station is currently owned by Bold Gold Media. The WMMZ broadcast studio is co-located with WWRR inside the Mohegan Sun Pocono casino in Plains Township, Pennsylvania, United States.

On April 1, 2018, WMMZ changed formats from classic rock to a simulcast of classic hits-formatted WWRR 104.9 FM Scranton.

WWRR
WWRR (104.9 FM) is a classic hits radio station in Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States, known as The River, 105 and 103-5.

WWRR programming is simulcast on co-owned WYCK (1340 AM), licensed to nearby Plains, as well as WYCK’s F.M. translators W264CG/100.7 Wilkes-Barre and W285FT/104.9 Hazleton.

The station's logo was featured in a fourth season episode of the NBC sitcom The Office, along with sister station WICK.

On April 1, 2018, WWRR began simulcasting on WMMZ 103.5 FM Berwick.
Physical therapy education
Physical therapy education varies greatly from country to country. Worldwide, physical therapy training ranges from basic work site education in hospitals and outpatient clinics to professional doctoral degree and masters programs.

Doctor of Physical Therapy
A Doctor of Physical Therapy or Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) degree is a qualifying degree in physical therapy. In the United States, it is considered a graduate-level first professional degree or doctorate degree for professional practice. In the United Kingdom, the training includes advanced professional training and doctoral-level research.

A Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy degree is available in the US for those who already hold a professional Bachelor or Master of Physical Therapy (BPT or MPT) degree; as of 2015, all accredited and developing physical therapist programs in the US are DPT programs. Master's degrees in physical therapy are no longer offered in the US, and physical therapists beginning their education now study towards the Doctor of Physical Therapy degree.
Richard Fecteau
Richard G. Fecteau (born 1927) is an American Central Intelligence Agency operative who was captured by the People's Republic of China during a CIA-sponsored flight in the Korean War. News of the capture of Fecteau and John T. Downey reached the United States in November 1954, sparking a nearly two decade battle of wills between the U.S. and the PRC. Fecteau was released in December 1971. He later worked as an assistant athletic director at his alma mater, Boston University, retiring in 1989.

John T. Downey
John Thomas Downey or Jack Downey (April 19, 1930 – November 17, 2014) was an American judge and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer. As a CIA operative, he was shot down over China during the Korean War and was held prisoner for over twenty years. While Downey was never part of the US military, the CIA described him as the longest-held prisoner of war in United States history.

Downey also served on the Connecticut Superior Court and became Chief Administrative Judge for Juvenile Matters.
Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
The Greater Poland uprising of 1918–1919, or Wielkopolska uprising of 1918–1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–1919 roku; German: Großpolnischer Aufstand) or Poznań War was a military insurrection of Poles in the Greater Poland region (German: Grand Duchy of Posen or Provinz Posen) against German rule. The uprising had a significant effect on the Treaty of Versailles, which granted a reconstituted Second Polish Republic the area won by the Polish insurrectionists. The region had been part of the Kingdom of Poland and then Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth before the 1793 Second Partition of Poland when it was annexed by the German Kingdom of Prussia. It had also, following the 1806 Greater Poland uprising, been part of the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815), a French client state during the Napoleonic Wars.

Greater Poland Uprising (1806)
The Greater Poland uprising of 1806 was a Polish military insurrection which occurred in the region of Wielkopolska, also known as Greater Poland, against the occupying Prussian forces after the Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772–1795).

The uprising was organized by General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski to help advancing French forces under Napoleon in liberating Poland from Prussian occupation. The Wielkopolska Uprising was a decisive factor that allowed the formation of the Duchy of Warsaw (1807) and the inclusion of Wielkopolska in the Duchy of Warsaw.
Coordinadora Democrática (Venezuela)
The Coordinadora Democrática (Democratic Coordinator, CD) was an umbrella group of Venezuelan political parties, civil associations and non-government organisations opposed to President Hugo Chávez. Founded on 5 July 2002, the organization negotiated with the government in November 2002 under the auspices of the Organization of American States Secretary General César Gaviria. The Coordinadora Democrática also helped to organize the 2002–2003 Venezuelan general strike and the 2004 recall referendum.

2002–2003 Venezuelan general strike
The  Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003 was an attempt by the Venezuelan opposition to President Hugo Chávez to summon a new presidential election. It took place from December 2002 to February 2003, when it faded. The government fired over 18,000 PDVSA employees and arrest warrants were issued for the presidents of the striking organizations. The main impact of the strike derived from the stoppage of the oil industry, in particular the state-run PDVSA, which provides a majority of Venezuelan export revenue. The strike was preceded by the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt in April 2002, and a one-day strike in October 2002.
Macross Plus
Macross Plus (マクロスプラス, Makurosu Purasu) is a four-episode anime OVA and theatrical movie in the Macross series. It was the first sequel to the original Macross television series that took place in the official timeline (Macross II was quickly retconned by series creator Shōji Kawamori as a parallel world story in the Macross universe). Plus was a groundbreaking combination of traditional cel and computer-generated animation at the time of its release, paving the way for the incorporation of more computer-generated imagery in Japanese animation.

Both the OVA series and movie were released in Japan by Bandai Visual and in North America and Europe by Manga Entertainment. The Australian VHS version was released by Manga Entertainment and the DVD version by Madman Entertainment under sub-license from Manga Entertainment. It features several new mecha designs inspired by the original series.

Super Dimensional Fortress Macross II: Lovers Again
Super Dimensional Fortress Macross II: Lovers Again (超時空要塞マクロスII -LOVERS AGAIN-) is a six episode OVA in the Macross franchise. It was the first installment of Macross to feature a new cast of characters. Macross II was produced by Big West, with no involvement from the original series creators from Studio Nue or the original series animators from Tatsunoko Production.
Johnny Otis
Johnny Otis (December 28, 1921 – January 17, 2012), born Ioannis Alexandres Veliotes (Greek: Ιωάννης Αλέξανδρος Βελιώτης), was an American singer, musician, composer, bandleader, record producer, talent scout, and preacher. He was a seminal influence on American R&B and rock and roll. He discovered numerous artists early in their careers who went on to become highly successful in their own right, including Little Esther Phillips, Etta James, Alan O'Day, Big Mama Thornton, Johnny Ace, Jackie Wilson, Little Willie John, Hank Ballard, and The Robins, Sugar Pie DeSanto, among many others. Otis has been called the "Godfather of Rhythm and Blues".

Hank Ballard
Hank Ballard (born John Henry Kendricks; November 18, 1927 – March 2, 2003) was an American singer and songwriter, the lead vocalist of the Midnighters and one of the first rock and roll artists to emerge in the early 1950s. John Henry played an integral part in the development of the genre, releasing the hit singles "Work with Me, Annie" and answer songs "Annie Had a Baby" and "Annie's Aunt Fannie" with his Midnighters. He later wrote and originally recorded (in 1959) "The Twist" which was covered a year later by Chubby Checker, this second version spreading the popularity of the dance. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.
Nice Girl Project!
Nice Girl Project! (NICE GIRL プロジェクト！), often shortened to NGP, was a Japanese idol musical collective formed by Tanabe Agency, Space Craft Group, Up-Front Group, and TNX. The project was created by Tsunku and launched on October 15, 2007. Nice Girl Project! began its full-time activities in April 2008.

Before its disbandment, the project's roster consisted of groups The Possible, Canary Club; soloists Tokky and Mana Ogawa; and the trainee group, Nice Girl Project! Kenshusei. The project also consisted of groups Nice Girl Mu (ナイスガールμ), GTT Club (GTT倶楽部), and MM Gakuen Gasshoubu (MM学園 合唱部); and soloists Kafumio (何文櫻), Peach (Momoko Otsuka), and Karen Kato prior to their disbandment or departure.

Nice Girl Project! was dropped as an act in 2015 and all information and social media was removed from TNX's official website. In the same year, one of their flagship groups, The Possible, was renamed "Ciao Bella Cinquetti" and transferred to Up-Front Works.

Ciao Bella Cinquetti
Ciao Bella Cinquetti (チャオ ベッラ チンクエッティ, Chao Berra Chinkuetti), known until 2015 as The Possible (THEポッシボー, The Posshibō), was a Japanese idol group originally formed on August 2, 2006, with six girls from Hello! Project's trainee group, Hello Pro Egg. After releasing several indie singles, they graduated from trainee status on October 7, 2007, and debuted as part of Nice Girl Project!. In 2014, they participated in supergroup Team Makenki with You Kikkawa and Up Up Girls Kakko Kari.

After Nice Girl Project!'s activities ended in 2015, they were transferred to Up-Front Works and changed their name to "Ciao Bella Cinquetti" following the release of their new single on July 8. They disbanded on August 2, 2018.
ETB 1
ETB 1 (ETB Bat) is the first television channel from the Euskal Irrati Telebista group in the Basque Autonomous Community, Navarre and the French Basque Country.

The channel broadcasts entirely in the Basque language.

EITB
Euskal Irrati Telebista (Basque: [eus̺kal irat̪i t̪elebis̺t̪a]; transl. Basque Radio Television; acronym EITB, branded eitb) is the Basque Autonomous Community's public broadcast service, which broadcasts throughout the Basque Country. Its main brand is Euskal Telebista (ETB, Basque Television).

EITB is the leading media group in the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain with five domestic television channels and six radio stations. Their channels are also broadcast in the whole Basque Country, and people in nearby territories such as Burgos (in Castile and León), Cantabria, Huesca and Saragossa (in Aragon), La Rioja, and the non-Basque-speaking region of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in France) can also get the signal. It has been running since 1982 and during this period it has established itself as a major media organisation, connecting with more than a million people every day. The majority of EITB's broadcasts deal with local news and entertainment.
Star Trek project
Star Trek is the code name that was given to a secret prototype project, running a port of Macintosh System 7 and its applications on Intel-compatible x86 personal computers.  The project, starting in February 1992, was conceived in collaboration between Apple Computer, who provided the majority of engineers, and Novell, who at the time was one of the leaders of cross-platform file-servers.  The plan was that Novell would market the resulting OS as a challenge to Microsoft Windows, but the project was discontinued in 1993 and never released, although components were reused in other projects. The project was named after the Star Trek science fiction franchise with the slogan "To boldly go where no Mac has gone before".

System 7
System 7 (later named Mac OS 7) is the seventh major release of the classic Mac OS operating system for Macintosh computers, made by Apple Computer. It was launched on May 13, 1991, to succeed System 6 with virtual memory, personal file sharing, QuickTime, TrueType fonts, the Force Quit dialog, and an improved user interface.

It was code-named "Big Bang" in development and the initial release was named "The System" or "System" like all earlier versions. With version 7.5.1, the name "Mac OS" debuted on the boot screen, and the operating system was officially renamed to Mac OS in 1997 with version 7.6. The Mac OS 7 line was the longest-lasting major version of the Classic Mac OSes due to the troubled development of Copland, an operating system intended to be the successor to OS 7 before its cancellation and replacement with Mac OS 8.