hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steinkjer Municipality
Steinkjerⓘ (Norwegian) or Stïentje (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherad region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Steinkjer which is located on the inner part of the Trondheimsfjord. The town is also the administrative centre for Trøndelag county. Other populated areas in Steinkjer include the villages of Bartnes, Beitstad, Binde, Byafossen, Follafoss, Følling, Gaulstad, Henning, Hyllbrua, Kvam, Lerkehaug, Malm, Mære, Sela, Skei, Sparbu, Stod, Sunnan, Vassaunet, Vellamelen, and Verrastranda.

The 2,122-square-kilometre (819 sq mi) municipality is the 31st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Steinkjer Municipality is the 54th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 24,032. The municipality's population density is 11.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (29/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Mære
Mære is a village in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  It is located along European route E6 and the Nordlandsbanen railway line, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the town of Steinkjer. The village of Sparbu lies about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of Mære. Mære Church is located in this village as well.

The 0.35-square-kilometre (86-acre) village has a population (2024) of 437 and a population density of 1,249 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,230/sq mi).
Sarnoff Mountains
Sarnoff Mountains (77°10′S 145°0′W﻿ / ﻿77.167°S 145.000°W﻿ / -77.167; -145.000﻿ (Sarnoff Mountains)) is a range of mountains, 251 nautical miles (465 km; 289 mi) long and 4 to 8 nautical miles (7.4 to 14.8 km; 4.6 to 9.2 mi) wide separating the west-flowing Boyd Glacier and Arthur Glacier in the Ford Ranges of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.

Ford Ranges
The Ford Ranges (77°0′S 144°0′W﻿ / ﻿77.000°S 144.000°W﻿ / -77.000; -144.000﻿ (Ford Ranges)) are a collection of mountain groups and ranges standing east of Sulzberger Ice Shelf and Block Bay in the northwest part of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.
Christopher Wylie
Christopher Wylie (born 19 June 1989) is a British-Canadian data consultant. He is noted as the whistleblower who released a cache of documents to The Guardian he obtained while he worked at Cambridge Analytica. This prompted the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal, which triggered multiple government investigations and raised wider concerns about privacy, the unchecked power of Big Tech, and Western democracy's vulnerability to disinformation. Wylie was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018. He appeared in the 2019 documentary The Great Hack. He is the head of insight and emerging technologies at H&M.

Cambridge Analytica
Cambridge Analytica Ltd. (CA), previously known as SCL USA, was a British political consulting firm that came to prominence through the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal. It was founded in 2013, as a subsidiary of the private intelligence company and self-described "global election management agency" SCL Group by long-time SCL executives Nigel Oakes, Alexander Nix and Alexander Oakes, with Nix as CEO. Cambridge Analytica was hired by a variety of political actors, including the Trinidadian government in 2010 and the 2016 presidential campaigns of Ted Cruz and Donald Trump. The firm maintained offices in London, New York City, and Washington, D.C. The company closed operations in 2018 due to backlash from the scandal, although firms related to both Cambridge Analytica and its parent firm SCL still exist.
Mirage
A mirage is a naturally occurring optical phenomenon in which light rays bend via refraction to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. The word comes to English via the French (se) mirer, from the Latin mirari, meaning "to look at, to wonder at".

Mirages can be categorized as "inferior" (meaning lower), "superior" (meaning higher) and "Fata Morgana", one kind of superior mirage consisting of a series of unusually elaborate, vertically stacked images, which form one rapidly changing mirage.

In contrast to a hallucination, a mirage is a real optical phenomenon that can be captured on camera, since light rays are actually refracted to form the false image at the observer's location. What the image appears to represent, however, is determined by the interpretive faculties of the human mind. For example, inferior images on land are very easily mistaken for the reflections from a small body of water.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
The Stanley Clarke Band
The Stanley Clarke Band is an album by the Stanley Clarke Band led by jazz bassist Stanley Clarke. It was released by Heads Up Record in June 2010 and was produced by Clarke and Lenny White. Band members include Ruslan Sirota on keyboard, Ronald Bruner, Jr. on drums and featured performer Hiromi on piano.

The album was awarded the 2011 Grammy for Best Contemporary Jazz Album and the track "No Mystery" was nominated for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. The Guardian gave the album three stars, calling it a "return to a funk repertoire reminiscent of Clarke's roots in Chick Corea electric bands", while AllMusic gave it a score of three-and-a-half stars.  It is also the second Stanley Clarke album to be credited to the Stanley Clarke Band after his 1985 album Find Out!.

Stanley Clarke
Stanley Clarke (born June 30, 1951) is an American bassist, composer and founding member of Return to Forever, one of the first jazz fusion bands. Clarke gave the bass guitar a prominence it lacked in jazz-related music. He is the first jazz-fusion bassist to headline tours, sell out shows worldwide and have recordings reach gold status.

Clarke is the recipient of five Grammy Awards, with 15 nominations, three as a solo artist, one with the Stanley Clarke Band, and one with Return to Forever. Clarke was selected to become a 2022 recipient of the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowship.

A Stanley Clarke electric bass is permanently on display at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C.
John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter
John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon (29 March 1395 – 5 August 1447) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War. His father, the 1st Duke of Exeter, was a maternal half-brother to Richard II of England, and was executed after King Richard's deposition. The Holland family estates and titles were forfeited, but John was able to recover them by dedicating his career to royal service. Earl of Huntingdon, of the Castle, town, manor of Barnstable and manors of Dartington, Fremington, South Molton, Torrington, Devon, Stevington, Bedfordshire, Ardington, Berkshire, Haslebury, Blagdon and Somerset. Holland rendered great assistance to his cousin Henry V in his conquest of France, fighting both on land and on the sea. He was marshal and admiral of England and governor of Aquitaine under Henry VI.

Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter
Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, 3rd Earl of Huntington (27 June 1430 – September 1475) was a Lancastrian leader during the English Wars of the Roses. He was the only son of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, and his first wife, Anne Stafford.
Mary Stuart (actress)
Mary Stuart (born Mary Stuart Houchins; July 4, 1926 – February 28, 2002) was an American actress, guitarist, singer, and songwriter.

A former silver screen starlet, she was best known for her starring role as Joanne on the CBS/NBC soap opera Search for Tomorrow, which she played for 35 years without interruption (1951–86).

After her divorce from her first husband, with whom she raised two children, she began a side career as a guitarist and a singer-songwriter, first singing on Search for Tomorrow and then releasing her own album in 1973.

At the time of her death, she had played the role of Meta Bauer on the CBS soap opera Guiding Light for six years. For her work in daytime drama, she was given the Lifetime Achievement Daytime Emmy.

Joanne Gardner
Joanne "Jo" Gardner is a fictional character from the long-running soap opera Search for Tomorrow. The role was played by actress Mary Stuart for the show's entire run. Joanne was married four times, making her full legal name Joanne Gardner Barron Tate Vincente Tourneur.
Mushin Olosha
Mushin Olosha is a community within the Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. It is recognized for its vibrant markets, cultural heritage, and active economic life. The area is a hub of commercial activities and has a rich cultural tapestry, reflecting the diverse population that resides there.

Mushin, Lagos
Mushin Listenⓘis a Local Government Area  in Lagos, Nigeria.  It is located 10  km north of the city core, adjacent to the main road to Ikeja, and is largely a congested residential area with inadequate sanitation and low-quality housing. It had 633,009 inhabitants at the 2006 Census. It is also where a lot of A-list talents have risen from, artists such as Wande Coal.
Again (T-ara EP)
Again is the fifth extended play by South Korean girl group T-ara, It was released on October 10, 2013 by Core Contents Media. It marked their first release with the original line-up following member Lee Areum’s departure from the group.

"Again 1977" is the repackaged version of "Again", released on December 4, 2013. It features a retro concept with a blend of pop and rock influences. The title track, "Do You Know Me?", which is a remake of Sand Pebbles' 1977 single "What Should I Do", showcases the group's versatile musical style and is known for its catchy melody and upbeat vibe.

Do You Know Me?
"Do You Know Me?" (Korean: 나 어떡해) (also translated as "What Should I Do?") is a single by South Korean girl group T-ara. Released on December 4, 2013, the track serves as the lead single for the group's reissue of their eighth extended play Again, retitled Again 1977. The song is a modern remake of Sand Pebbles' 1977 single "What Should I Do?".
Transposition (transmission lines)
Transposition is the periodic swapping of positions of the conductors of a transmission line, in order to reduce crosstalk and otherwise improve transmission.  In telecommunications this applies to balanced pairs whilst in power transmission lines three conductors are periodically transposed.

For cables, the swapping is gradual and continuous; that is the two or three conductors are twisted around each other.  For communication cables, this is called twisted pair.  For overhead power lines or open pair communication lines, the conductors are exchanged at pylons, for example at transposition towers or at utility poles, respectively.

The mutual influence of electrical conductors is reduced by transposition.  Transposition also equalizes their impedance relative to the ground, thus avoiding one-sided loads in three-phase electric power systems.  Transposing is an effective measure for the reduction of inductively linked normal mode interferences.

Twisted pair
Twisted pair cabling is a type of communications cable in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Compared to a single conductor or an untwisted balanced pair, a twisted pair reduces electromagnetic radiation from the pair and crosstalk between neighboring pairs and improves rejection of external electromagnetic interference. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

For additional noise immunity, twisted-pair cabling may be shielded. Cable with shielding is known as shielded twisted pair (STP) and without as unshielded twisted pair (UTP).
Abdullah bin Musaed Al Saud
Abdullah bin Mosaad bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud (Arabic: عبد الله بن مساعد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود; born 19 February 1965) is the son of Prince Mosaad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and grandson of King Abdulaziz. He was general president of Saudi Arabia's General Sports Authority from 2014 to 2017.

He is the founder of United World Group, which holds entities such as Beerschot, Al-Hilal United, Châteauroux and Kerala United. He held a 50% stake in Sheffield United between 2013 and 2019 and later became its sole owner until 2024, when the club was purchased by COH Sports.

K Beerschot VA
Koninklijke Beerschot Voetbalclub Antwerpen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnəŋkləkə ˈbeːrsxɔt ˈvudbɑlklʏp ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)]), or simply Beerschot, is a Belgian professional football club located in Antwerp, that competes in the second-tier Challenger Pro League after relegation from top tier in 2024–25 season. In 2013, KFCO Wilrijk decided to integrate the identity of Beerschot AC when they were relegated in the 2012–13 season, not only through their league position but also due to losing their professional licence through financial issues, being officially declared bankrupt on 21 May 2013 and folding shortly afterwards. The club colours are purple and white, they play their games on the club's home ground the Olympic Stadium often referred to as 't Kiel.
Jakob Fuglsang
Jakob Diemer Fuglsang (born 22 March 1985) is a Danish former professional road racing cyclist. Before turning professional for Team Saxo Bank, he was a mountain biker racing for Team Cannondale–Vredestein, winning the Under-23 World Cup and Under-23 World Championships. He retired in June 2025 at the end of the Giro d'Italia.

Fuglsang has finished 7th overall at the Tour de France and 6th at the Giro d'Italia, his best result at a Grand Tour. His best career results are his win in the 2019 Liège–Bastogne–Liège, the 2020 Il Lombardia and his overall wins in both the 2017 and 2019 editions of the Critérium du Dauphiné stage race, in the former of which he won two stages. He has also won several other stage races during his career including Danmark Rundt 3 times in a row from 2008 to 2010, Tour de Luxembourg and Tour of Austria in 2012, and Tour of Slovenia in 2009.

2019 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 2019 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 28 April 2019 in Belgium. It was the 105th edition of Liège–Bastogne–Liège and the 20th event of the 2019 UCI World Tour. It was won by Jakob Fuglsang.
Sam Treiman
Sam Bard Treiman (/ˈtriːmən/; May 27, 1925 – November 30, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist who produced research in the fields of cosmic rays, quantum physics, plasma physics, and gravity physics. He made contributions to the understanding of the weak interaction and he and his students are credited with developing the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. He was a Higgins professor of physics at Princeton University, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group.  He was a student of Enrico Fermi and John Alexander Simpson Jr.  Treiman published articles on quantum mechanics, plasmas, gravitation, condensed matter and the history of physics.

JASON (advisory group)
JASON is an independent group of elite scientists who advise the United States government on matters of science and technology, mostly of a sensitive nature. The group was created in the aftermath of the Sputnik launch as a way to reinvigorate the idea of having the nation's preeminent scientists help the government with defense problems, similar to the way that scientists helped in World War II but with a new and younger generation. It was established in 1960 and has somewhere between 30 and 60 members. Its work first gained public notoriety as the source of the Vietnam War's McNamara Line electronic barrier. Although most of its research is military-focused, JASON also produced early work on the science of global warming and acid rain. Current unclassified research interests include health informatics, cyberwarfare, and renewable energy.
Mirrors (Nivea album)
Mirrors is the fourth studio album from American singer and songwriter Nivea, released on September 26, 2019 by Hill Music Group. Mirrors musically differs from Nivea's previous albums.

The album serves as a follow-up to her third album Animalistic (2006) and her first studio album in almost a decade. It features production from Nivea herself, Derrian Barnett, Twanbeatmaker, PlayBoy David Luke Jr., J. Wells, Stephen Wimberly and Delroy Ford. She announced the album's forthcoming release in 2015, stating that it would be part of a "dual project" also including a "stripped down album", The Randy Watson Collection.

Nivea (singer)
Nivea B. Hamilton (born March 24, 1982),  known mononymously as Nivea, is an American singer. She has released three studio albums: her self-titled debut (2002), followed up by Complicated (2005), Animalistic (2006), and an independently released extended play, Nivea: Undercover (2011). In 2019, she released her album Mirrors.

Her song "Don't Mess with My Man" was nominated for a Best R&B Performance Grammy in 2003.
Pendleton County, West Virginia
Pendleton County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,143, making it the second-least populous county in West Virginia. Its county seat is Franklin. The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1788 from parts of Augusta, Hardy, and Rockingham counties and was named for Edmund Pendleton (1721–1803), a distinguished Virginia statesman and jurist.

Spruce Knob, located in Pendleton County, is the highest point in the state and in the Alleghenies, its elevation being 4,863 feet. Parts of the Monongahela and George Washington National Forests are also located in Pendleton County.

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
James Gibson (bishop)
Christianity portal

James Byers Gibson (31 January 1881 – 25 July 1952) was the fourth Anglican Bishop of Caledonia in Canada.

Gibson was educated at Emmanuel College, Saskatoon and ordained in 1911. He held incumbencies at St Cuthbert's Perdue, Saskatchewan, St John's Lloydminster, Christ Church, Anyox, British Columbia and St James's  Smithers, British Columbia before becoming Dean of Caledonia in 1928, a position he held until his ordination to the episcopate.

Diocese of Caledonia
The Diocese of Caledonia is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of British Columbia and Yukon of the Anglican Church of Canada.

Early missionary leaders who served in this diocese include William Ridley and James Benjamin McCullagh.

In 1977 the diocese published The Nishga Liturgy for Nisga'a Anglicans.
Impuls FC
Impuls Football Club (Armenian: Իմպուլս Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ), is a defunct Armenian professional football club from the town of Dilijan, Tavush Province. The club used to play in the Armenian Premier League, the top division of the Armenian football. The home ground of Impuls was the Dilijan City Stadium.

Dilijan
Dilijan (Armenian: Դիլիջան) is a spa town and urban municipal community in the Dilijan Municipality of the Tavush Province of Armenia. The town is one of the most important resorts in Armenia, situated within the Dilijan National Park. The forested town is home to numerous Armenian artists, composers, and filmmakers and features some traditional Armenian architecture.

Sharambeyan Street in the city centre, has been preserved and maintained as the heart of Dilijan's old town, complete with craftsman's workshops, a gallery and a museum. Hiking, mountain biking, and picnicking are popular recreational activities. As of the 2011 census, Dilijan has a population of 17,712. Dilijan is currently the fastest-growing urban settlement in Armenia. As of the 2022 census, Dilijan has a population of 15,914.
Audio bit depth
In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample, and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample. Examples of bit depth include Compact Disc Digital Audio, which uses 16 bits per sample, and DVD-Audio and Blu-ray Disc, which can support up to 24 bits per sample.

In basic implementations, variations in bit depth primarily affect the noise level from quantization error—thus the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range. However, techniques such as dithering, noise shaping, and oversampling can mitigate these effects without changing the bit depth. Bit depth also affects bit rate and file size.

Bit depth is useful for describing PCM digital signals. Non-PCM formats, such as those using lossy compression, do not have associated bit depths.

Noise shaping
Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal. Its purpose is to increase the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant signal. It does this by altering the spectral shape of the error that is introduced by dithering and quantization, such that the noise power is at a lower level in frequency bands at which noise is considered to be less desirable and at a correspondingly higher level in bands where it is considered to be more desirable. A popular noise shaping algorithm used in image processing is known as ‘Floyd Steinberg dithering’; and many noise shaping algorithms used in audio processing are based on an ‘Absolute threshold of hearing’ model.
Airport Market station
Airport Market station (Korean: 공항시장역; Hanja: 空港市場驛) is a subway station on Line 9 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, located in Gonghang-dong, Gangseo District, Seoul. The station's name is derived from the nearby Airport Market, located in Gonghang-dong, in connection with nearby Gimpo International Airport. However, the nearby Airport Market is small in scale.

Gangseo District, Seoul
Gangseo District (Korean: 강서구; RR: Gangseo-gu; Korean pronunciation: [ka̠ŋ.sʰʌ̹.ɡu]) is one of the 25 districts (gu) of Seoul, South Korea. It is located on the south side of the Han River. South Korea's third busiest airport, Gimpo International Airport, is located in Gonghang-dong, where many flights fly to cities like Busan, Jeju, and Gwangju.  The Magok Industrial Complex, located in Magok-dong, is a major hub for research and development, housing numerous R&D centers and corporate headquarters.