hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norma Matheson
Norma Louise Matheson (September 13, 1929 – July 28, 2019) was an American politician, political strategist, activist, and conservationist who served as the first lady of Utah from 1977 to 1985 as wife of Governor Scott M. Matheson. She was considered a pioneer for women in Utah politics and the matriarch of the Matheson political family. Her prominent role in state politics earned her the nickname "godmother" of the Utah Democratic Party.

Scott M. Matheson
Scott Milne Matheson Jr. (January 8, 1929 – October 7, 1990) was an American politician who served as the 12th governor of Utah from 1977 to 1985. He is the most recent Democrat to serve in that position.
Athavanad
Athavanad  is a village and Gram Panchayath in the Tirur Taluk, in the Malappuram District of the state of Kerala, India. The town lies on the National Highway 66, between Puthanathani and Valanchery. Puthanathani is the main town of the Athavanad village and the village office is located in Athavanad Para & Kurumbathoor. Nearby towns include Valanchery, Tavanur, Tirunavaya, and Kuttippuram,

Valanchery
Valanchery is a major municipal town in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It is situated about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast to Karipur International Airport and 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwards to the district headquarters, and forms a part of Malappuram metropolitan area. It is also one of the major commercial towns under the Malappuram urban agglomeration.National Highway 66, from to Panvel to Kanyakumari, passes through valancheryMunicipality. Valanchery, which was a part of the erstwhile princely state of the Valluvanad in the early medieval period, had been under the direct control of the Zamorin of Calicut following the Tirunavaya war of 14th century CE. During British Raj, Valanchery was included in the Ponnani Taluk of erstwhile Malabar District.
Thomas Middleton
Thomas Middleton (baptised 18 April 1580 – July 1627; also spelt Midleton) was an English Jacobean playwright and poet. He, with John Fletcher and Ben Jonson, was among the most successful and prolific of playwrights at work in the Jacobean period, and among the few to gain equal success in comedy and tragedy. He was also a prolific writer of masques and pageants.

Ben Jonson
Benjamin Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – 18 August [O.S. 6 August] 1637) was an English poet, playwright, and dramatist. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence on English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for the satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Fox (c. 1606), The Alchemist (1610), and Bartholomew Fair (1614), and for his lyric and epigrammatic poetry. He is regarded as "the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I."

Jonson was a classically educated, well-read and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy (personal and political, artistic and intellectual). His cultural influence was of unparalleled breadth upon the playwrights and the poets of the Jacobean era (1603–1625) and of the Caroline era (1625–1642).
Mercedes-Benz C11
The Mercedes-Benz C11 is a Group C prototype race car introduced for the 1990 World Sports-Prototype Championship.  Built by Sauber as a successor to the Sauber C9, the C11 used the same Mercedes-Benz M119 5.0L twin turbo V8.  It was the first time that Mercedes-Benz chose to put their name on the car, instead of simply using Sauber.

Sauber C9
The Sauber C9 (later named the Sauber Mercedes C9 or Mercedes-Benz C9) is a Group C prototype racing car introduced in 1987 as a continuation of the partnership between Sauber as a constructor and Mercedes-Benz as an engine builder for the World Sportscar Championship. The C9 replaced the Sauber C8.
Federal Building (Ruston, Louisiana)
The Federal Building, also known as the Old Post Office, is a historic institutional building located at 201 North Vienna Street in Ruston, Louisiana.

Built in 1909 to host Ruston Post Office, the structure is a small one-story rectangular limestone building with a hipped roof featuring circular dormers. The building was vacated about 1961 when a new post office was built, and was then used since 1963 as a federal office building.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 9, 1974. It was also declared a contributing property of Downtown Ruston Historic District at the time of its creation on January 31, 2017.

Downtown Ruston Historic District
The Downtown Ruston Historic District is a historic district located in downtown Ruston, Louisiana.

The 32 acres (0.13 km2) area includes 78 contributing buildings and 29 non-contributing buildings, as well as one non-contributing site. The district comprises commercial and institutional buildings with styles including Classical Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Commercial Style, Craftsman, Modern Movement and International Style. The area includes four buildings which are also individually listed.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 31, 2017.
Malayan Union
The Malayan Union (Malay: Kesatuan Malaya; Jawi: كساتوان مالايا) was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration. Following opposition by the ethnic Malays, the union was reorganised as the Federation of Malaya in 1948.

Federation of Malaya
Malaya, officially the Federation of Malaya, was a country in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.

Initially a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, Malaya became fully sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along with Sarawak and Sabah – now collectively known as East Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to as Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.
Mutant Chronicles (film)
Mutant Chronicles is a 2008 British-American science fiction steampunk action-horror film, loosely based on the role-playing game of the same name. The film was directed by Simon Hunter, and stars Thomas Jane and Ron Perlman.

It was released throughout Europe in 2008, followed by a North American VOD on March 27, 2009, and a theatrical release for selected cities on April 24, 2009. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 4, 2009.

Mutant Chronicles
Mutant Chronicles is a pen-and-paper role-playing game set in a post-apocalyptic world, originally published in 1993. It has spawned a franchise of collectible card games, miniature wargames, video games, novels, comic books, and a film of the same title based on the game world.

Mutant Chronicles was developed by the Swedish company Target Games as an independent spinoff to their Mutant RPG series, specifically Mutant RYMD released the year before. Unlike previous Swedish role-playing games, Mutant Chronicles was released in English, and focused on reaching an international audience.

The rights to the game are now owned by Paradox Entertainment.

In 2015, Cabinet Holdings acquired Paradox Entertainment Inc. and all subsidiaries and their properties, including Mutant Chronicles.
Descending colon
In the anatomy of humans and homologous primates, the descending colon is the part of the colon extending from the left colic flexure to the level of the iliac crest (whereupon it transitions into the sigmoid colon). The function of the descending colon in the digestive system is to store the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum.

The descending colon is on the left side of the body (barring any malformations). The term left colon is hypernymous to descending colon in precise use; many casual mentions of the left colon chiefly concern the descending colon.

Colic flexures
In the anatomy of the human digestive tract, there are two colic flexures, or curvatures in the transverse colon. The right colic flexure is also known as the hepatic flexure, and the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure.
Miroslav (given name)
Miroslav (Cyrillic script: Мирослав) is a Slavic masculine given name. It is derived from the Slavic elements mirŭ ("peace, world") and slava ("glory"), thus meaning 'one who celebrates peace, one who celebrates the world'. The feminine form of the name is Miroslava.

It is popular in many Slavic countries, such as Serbia, Croatia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The Polish form of the name is Mirosław / Mirosława.

The Ukrainian form of the name is Myroslav (Ukrainian pronunciation: [merɔsˈɫau̯]) / Myroslava (Ukrainian pronunciation: [merɔsˈɫaʋɐ]).

Mirosław (given name)
Mirosław (Polish: [miˈrɔ.swaf] ⓘ) is a Polish masculine given name of Slavic origin, equivalent to Miroslav. It is composed of the elements miro ("peace, world") and sław ("glory, fame"), thus meaning 'person who loves peace', or 'person who achieves fame by establishing peace'.

Diminutive forms include Mirek and Mirka. Its feminine form is Mirosława (Polish pronunciation: [mirɔˈswava]).

Individuals with this name celebrate name day on February 26.
Litang–Qinzhou railway
The Litang–Qinzhou railway or Liqin railway (simplified Chinese: 黎钦铁路; traditional Chinese: 黎钦鐵路; pinyin: líqīn tiělù), is a railroad in Guangxi Autonomous Region of China that branches off the Hunan–Guangxi railway in Heng County in central Guangxi, about 60 km south of Litang Township, and runs further south to the port city of Qinzhou, on the Gulf of Tonkin.  The line has a total length of 156 km (97 mi) and entered operations in 1994.  Major cities and towns along route include Heng County, Lingshan County and Qinzhou.

Hunan–Guangxi railway
The Hunan–Guangxi railway or Xianggui railway (simplified Chinese: 湘桂铁路; traditional Chinese: 湘桂鐵路; pinyin: xiāngguì tiělù), is a mostly electrified railroad in southern China that connects Hunan province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.  The shortform name of the line, Xianggui, is named after the Chinese short names of Hunan, Xiang and Guangxi, Gui.  The line runs  1,013 km (629 mi) from Hengyang in Hunan to Friendship Pass on Guangxi's border with Vietnam.  Major cities along route include Hengyang, Yongzhou, Guilin, Liuzhou, Nanning, Pingxiang, and Friendship Pass.
Vivandière
Vivandière or cantinière is a French name for women who are attached to military regiments as sutlers or canteen keepers. Their actual historic functions of selling wine to the troops and working in canteens led to the adoption of the name 'cantinière' which came to supplant the original 'vivandière' starting in 1793. The use of both terms was common in French until the mid-19th century, and 'vivandière' remained the term of choice in non-French-speaking countries such as the US, Spain, Italy, and Great Britain. Vivandières served in the French army up until the beginning of World War I, but the custom (and the name) spread to many other armies. Vivandières also served on both sides in the American Civil War, and in the armies of Spain, Italy, the German states, Switzerland, and various armies in South America, though little is known about the details in most of those cases as historians have not done extensive research on them.

Sutler
A sutler or victualer is a civilian merchant who sells provisions to an army in the field, in camp, or in quarters. Sutlers sold wares from the back of a wagon or a temporary tent, traveling with an army or to remote military outposts. Sutler wagons were associated with the military, while chuckwagons served a similar purpose for civilian wagon trains and outposts.
Charles H. Revson Foundation
The Charles H. Revson Foundation was founded in 1956 by Charles H. Revson, the founding President of Revlon Cosmetics as a vehicle for his charitable giving. He willed half of his estate to the Foundation upon his death. Julie Sandorf has been the President of the Foundation since January 2008.

Charles Revson
Charles Haskell Revson (October 11, 1906 – August 24, 1975) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was best known as a pioneering figure in the American cosmetics industry as the person who created the first pigment-based nail polish and founded and managed Revlon through five decades.
Friend of Dorothy
A "friend of Dorothy" (FOD) is a code word for a gay man, first used in LGBTQ slang. Stating that, or asking if, someone is a friend of Dorothy is a furtive way of suggesting sexual orientation while avoiding hostility. The term was likely based on the character Dorothy Gale of the Oz series of novels, which have been interpreted as including much queer subtext. Actress Judy Garland, who portrayed Dorothy in the 1939 Wizard of Oz film, is considered a gay icon. Writer and critic Dorothy Parker is thought to be another potential origin of the term. The "friend of Dorothy" code word was commonly used throughout the 20th century, but its use has declined in recent decades as LGBT acceptance has advanced.

Judy Garland as a gay icon
American actress and singer Judy Garland (1922–1969) is widely considered as a gay icon. The Advocate has called Garland "The Elvis of homosexuals". The reasons frequently given for her standing as an icon among gay men are admiration of her ability as a performer, the way her personal struggles seemed to mirror those of gay men in the United States during the height of her fame, and her value as a camp figure. Garland's role as Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz is particularly known for contributing to this status. In the 1960s, when a reporter asked how she felt about having a large gay following, Garland replied, "I couldn't care less. I sing to people!"
Au Départ
Au Départ, Ltd. (French pronunciation: [o depaʁ]; which translate as "At the departure") is a Parisian trunkmaker founded in Paris in 1834. Au Départ is considered as one of four greatest French trunk-makers alongside Louis Vuitton, Goyard and Moynat.

Moynat
Moynat (French pronunciation: [mwana]) is a Parisian trunkmaker, founded in Paris in 1849 by Octavie and François Coulembier. They collaborated with specialist Pauline Moynat in travel goods to open the company's first store at Avenue de l'Opera, France. The house participated in various World's Fairs.
Alexander IV of Macedon
Alexander IV (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος; August 323 BC – Late summer 309 BC), sometimes called Aegus, was the younger son of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) by his wife Roxana of Bactria, born after his father's death. As his father's only surviving legitimate child, Alexander IV inherited the throne of the Macedonian Empire after him, however he was murdered in his early teens, never wielding actual power.

Roxana
Roxana (died c. 310 BC, Ancient Greek: Ῥωξάνη, Rhōxánē; Old Iranian: *Raṷxšnā- "shining, radiant, brilliant", Persian: روشنک, romanized: Rawšanak) sometimes known as Roxanne, Roxanna and Roxane, was a Bactrian or Sogdian princess who married Alexander the Great after he invaded Persia and defeated Darius, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire.
George Bowman (pioneer)
George Bowman (10 February 1699 – 2 March 1768) was an 18th-century American pioneer, landowner and a prominent fighter against Native Americans in Virginia Colony. He, along with his father-in-law Jost Hite, was one of the first to explore and settle Shenandoah Valley.  His estate, on which Fort Bowman was founded, was one of the earliest homes to be built in Shenandoah Valley and is the site of present-day Strasburg, Virginia.

Four of his sons, Joseph, Isaac, Abraham and Johannes, also became well-known frontiersmen in Kentucky during the late 1770s. His great-grandson, John Bryan Bowman founded Kentucky University and Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky.  Their older brother,  Jacob,  was also a famous American pioneer.

Abraham Bowman
Colonel Abraham Bowman (October 16, 1749 – November 9, 1837) was an 18th-century American frontiersman and American Revolutionary War military officer.  Bowman served as an officer and later commanded the 8th Virginia Regiment popularly known as the "German Regiment".

He and his brothers Colonel John Bowman (1738–1784), Major Joseph Bowman (c. 1752 – 1779), and Captain Isaac Bowman (1757–1826) were among the earliest settlers in Kentucky and were excellent horsemen known as the "Four Centaurs of Cedar Creek". His grandson, John Bryan Bowman, founded Kentucky University and the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky. His father George Bowman and grandfather Jost Hite were both well-known Virginian pioneers and the first to explore and settle Shenandoah Valley.
Chensagi River West
The Chensagi River West is a tributary of the Chensagi River, in Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality), in the area of the Nord-du-Québec, Canadian province of Quebec, in Canada. The lower part of the river runs through the township of Dambourges.

The Chensagi River West hydrographic slope is served by the northward secondary road from Matagami passing on the west bank of the course of the West Chensagi River; another forest road from the South spans on the East bank. The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Chensagi River
The Chensagi River is a tributary of Maicasagi Lake, in Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality), in the administrative region from Nord-du-Québec, in the Canadian province of Quebec, in Canada.

The lower course of the river successively crosses the townships of Dambourges and Grandfontaine.

The Chensagi River watershed is served by the northern route from Matagami to 29.3 kilometres (18.2 mi) west of the mouth of the Chensagi River. The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.
Kummer theory
In abstract algebra and number theory, Kummer theory provides a description of certain types of field extensions involving the adjunction of nth roots of elements of the base field. The theory was originally developed by Ernst Eduard Kummer around the 1840s in his pioneering work on Fermat's Last Theorem. The main statements do not depend on the nature of the field – apart from its characteristic, which should not divide the integer n – and therefore belong to abstract algebra. The theory of cyclic extensions of the field K when the characteristic of K does divide n is called Artin–Schreier theory.

Kummer theory is basic, for example, in class field theory and in general in understanding abelian extensions; it says that in the presence of enough roots of unity, cyclic extensions can be understood in terms of extracting roots. The main burden in class field theory is to dispense with extra roots of unity ('descending' back to smaller fields); which is something much more serious.

Abelian extension
In abstract algebra, an abelian extension is a Galois extension whose Galois group is abelian. When the Galois group is also cyclic, the extension is also called a cyclic extension. Going in the other direction, a Galois extension is called solvable if its Galois group is solvable, i.e., if the group can be decomposed into a series of normal extensions of an abelian group. Every finite extension of a finite field is a cyclic extension.
Saint Hilarion Castle
Saint Hilarion Castle is in the Kyrenia Mountains of Cyprus. This location provided the castle with command of the pass road from Kyrenia to Nicosia. It is the best preserved ruin of the three former strongholds in the Kyrenia mountains, the other two being Kantara and Buffavento.

Kantara Castle
Kantara Castle (Greek: Κάστρο της Καντάρας Turkish: Kantara Kalesi) is a castle in Cyprus, in the area controlled by Northern Cyprus. The exact date of its construction is unknown, the most plausible theory being the Byzantine period. It combines Byzantine and Frankish architectural elements, became derelict in 1525 and was dismantled in 1560.  It gave its name to the nearby Kantara Monastery.
Baire category theorem
The Baire category theorem (BCT) is an important result in general topology and functional analysis. The theorem has two forms, each of which gives sufficient conditions for a topological space to be a Baire space (a topological space such that the intersection of countably many dense open sets is still dense).  It is used in the proof of results in many areas of analysis and geometry, including some of the fundamental theorems of functional analysis.

Versions of the Baire category theorem were first proved independently in 1897 by Osgood for the real line  and in 1899 by Baire for Euclidean space .  The more general statement for completely metrizable spaces was first shown by Hausdorff in 1914.

Dense set
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense in X if every point of X either belongs to A or else is arbitrarily "close" to a member of A — for instance, the rational numbers are a dense subset of the real numbers because every real number either is a rational number or has a rational number arbitrarily close to it (see Diophantine approximation). 
Formally,  is dense in  if the smallest closed subset of  containing  is  itself.

The density of a topological space  is the least cardinality of a dense subset of
Curve Lake First Nation 35
Curve Lake First Nation 35 is an Anishinaabe reserve 14 km north of Peterborough, Ontario.  It serves as the landbase for the Curve Lake First Nation.  The reserve occupies a peninsula located between Lake Chemong and Buckhorn Lake, surrounded by the township of Selwyn, as well as several neighbouring small islands in Buckhorn Lake.

The Curve Lake First Nation occupies two reserves (including Curve Lake 35A) and shares a third, the nearby Islands in the Trent Waters, with the Hiawatha First Nation and the Scugog First Nation. Curve Lake First Nation 35 occupies a peninsula between Buckhorn Lake, Lake Chemong, and Little Mud Lake. Curve Lake 35A is on Fox Island in Buckhorn Lake, and Islands in the Trent Waters is on islands in Buckhorn Lake, Pigeon Lake and Stony Lake.

Manoomin (wild rice) is an annual plant that grows in the Kawartha Lakes. The seeds ripen in September and fall into the lake to ensure future crops.

Curve Lake First Nation
Curve Lake First Nation (Ojibwe: Oshkiigmong) is a Mississauga Ojibway First Nation located in Peterborough County of Ontario. Curve Lake First Nation occupies three reserves; Curve Lake First Nation 35, Curve Lake 35A, and Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A. The last of these reserves is shared with the Hiawatha First Nation and the Scugog First Nation.  Curve Lake First Nation has a registered membership of 2,415 as of October 2019 with 793 registered band members living in Curve Lake and an additional 1,622 registered band members living off-reserve.