hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vajranga
Vajranga (Sanskrit: वज्राङ्ग, romanized: Vajrāṅga, lit. 'thunderbolt-limbs') is an asura in Hinduism. According to the Puranas, he was born to Diti and was fathered by the sage Kashyapa. Diti, being the mother of the asuras, sought revenge for the deaths of her children by the hands of the devas. Diti is said to have undergone severe austerities for ten thousand years in exchange for a boon which granted her a child who would slay the devas. Kashyapa granted her wish and they birthed Vajranga, whose body was like Indra's weapon, the vajra.

Vajranga is the father of the asura Tārakāsura, who continued upon his father's war with the devtas, but was ultimately vanquished by the war god, Kartikeya.

Tārakāsura
Tarakasura (Sanskrit: तारकासुर) is a powerful asura in Hindu mythology. He is the son of the asura Vajranga and his wife Vajrangi. Taraka had three sons: Tarakaksha, Vidyunmali, and Kamalaksha, who were known as the Tripurasura. He is slain by Kartikeya.
Newhart
Newhart is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS from October 25, 1982, to May 21, 1990, with a total of 184 half-hour episodes spanning eight seasons. The series stars Bob Newhart and Mary Frann as an author and his wife, respectively, who own and operate the Stratford Inn in rural Vermont. The small town is home to many eccentric characters. TV Guide, TV Land, and A&E named the Newhart series finale as one of the most memorable in television history. The theme music for Newhart was composed by Henry Mancini.

The Last Newhart
"The Last Newhart" is the 24th episode of the eighth season and the 184th overall episode and final episode of the CBS sitcom Newhart. It first aired in the United States on 21 May 1990.

Considered one of the most memorable series finales in television history, the series is ultimately revealed to be a dream by Dr. Robert Hartley, the lead character from Bob Newhart's earlier sitcom The Bob Newhart Show, which had ended four years before Newhart aired. The ending has been parodied frequently since it aired.
Special Vehicle Team
Special Vehicle Team, also known as SVT, was an arm of Ford Motor Company responsible for the development of the company's highest-performance vehicles. Established in 1991, SVT was the successor to the SVO division. The last SVT Director was Hermann Salenbauch. SVT was previously led by Hau Thai-Tang (2004–2007) and John Coletti (1993-2004). In 2015, Ford Racing, alongside Ford Team RS and Special Vehicle Team, merged into a global entity named Ford Performance.

Special Vehicle Operations
Special Vehicle Operations (SVO) is a term used throughout Ford Motor Company's global operations as a performance group, first used in America as Ford's own "speed shop", with a separate budget from Ford's regular operations. In 1993, the group was renamed Special Vehicle Team (SVT).
Fat El Ma'ad
Fat El Ma'ad (Egyptian Arabic: فات الميعاد, romanized: fat elmiʿad, lit. 'The Time Has Passed') is one of the iconic songs by the Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum. It was written by Morsi Jamil Aziz, composed by Baligh Hamdi, and sung in 1967. This song is the second collaboration between Umm Kulthum and lyricist Morsi Gamil Aziz, following "Seret El Hob" (1964) and before "Alf Leila wa Leila" (1969), which marked their final collaboration. All three songs were composed by Baligh. Renowned for its profound lyrics, intricate musical composition, and Umm Kulthum's unparalleled vocal delivery, this song remains a significant piece in the history of Arabic music. It is composed in maqam "Sigah".

Seret El Hob
Seret El Hob (Arabic: سيرة الحب, lit. 'The Tale of Love') is an Egyptian Arabic song performed by the Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum. The song was written by Morsi Gamil, and composed by Baligh Hamdi. It was released in 1964, and it remains one of Umm Kulthum's most celebrated and iconic works.

It was presented for the first time on December 3, 1964, at the Qasr El Nil Theater. It is considered the first collaboration between Umm Kulthum, Morsi Gamil, and Baligh Hamdi them after agreeing on three songs (Seret El Hob, Fat El Ma'ad, and Alf Leila Wa Leila).
Sum-of-squares optimization
A sum-of-squares optimization program is an optimization problem with a linear cost function and constraints that certain polynomials constructed from the decision variables should be sums of squares. When the maximum degree of the polynomials involved is fixed, sum-of-squares optimization is also known as the Lasserre hierarchy of semidefinite programming relaxations.

Sum-of-squares optimization techniques have been applied across a variety of areas, including control theory (in particular, for searching for polynomial Lyapunov functions for dynamical systems described by polynomial vector fields), statistics, finance and machine learning.

Polynomial SOS
In mathematics, a form (i.e. a homogeneous polynomial) h(x) of degree 2m in the real n-dimensional vector x is sum of squares of forms (SOS) if and only if there exist forms  of degree m such that

Every form that is SOS is also a positive polynomial, although the converse is not always true in general. In the special cases of n = 2 and 2m = 2, or n = 3 and 2m = 4, Hilbert proved that a form is SOS if and only if it is positive. The same is also true for the analogous problem with positive symmetric forms.

Although not every form is SOS, there are efficiently testable sufficient conditions for a form to be SOS. Moreover, every real nonnegative form can be approximated as closely as desired (in the -norm of its coefficient vector) by a sequence of forms  that are SOS.
Arkansas Highway 11
Arkansas Highway 11 (AR 11) is a designation for four state highways in Arkansas. One segment of 9.57 miles (15.40 km) runs from U.S. Route 63 (US 63) at Pansy north to US 425 south of Star City. A second segment of 22.42 miles (36.08 km) runs from US 425 in Star City north to Huff's Island Public Use Area. A third segment of 12.83 miles (20.65 km) runs Highway 88 at Reydell north to US 165 west of Eldridge Corner. A fourth segment of 37.52 miles (60.38 km) runs from I-40 in Hazen north to Highway 367 in Searcy.

One segment of the original Arkansas Highway 11 from the state highway system's creation in 1926 has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Arkansas County.

U.S. Route 165
U.S. Route 165 is a north–south United States highway spur of U.S. Highway 65.  It currently runs for 412 miles (663 km) from U.S. Route 90 in Iowa, Louisiana north to U.S. Highway 70 in North Little Rock, Arkansas. The route passes through the states of Arkansas and Louisiana.  It passes through the cities of Monroe and Alexandria in Louisiana. A segment of US 165 serves as a routing of the Great River Road within Arkansas.
Escadrille Cherifienne
The Escadrille Chérifienne (Cherifian Squadron) or Escadrille Américaine (American Squadron) was an American mercenary squadron fighting for the French colonial empire during the Rif War. It was attached to the Moroccan Royal Guard, or Garde Chérifienne. The squadron was led by Charles Sweeny.

Charles Sweeny
Charles Michael Sweeny (January 26, 1882 – February 27, 1963) was an American soldier of fortune, United States Army lieutenant colonel, French Foreign Legion officer, Polish army brigadier general, Royal Air Force (RAF) group captain, and journalist who fought in numerous conflicts in the 20th century. He recruited fellow Americans to fight in World War II prior to the United States entering the war.
Queens Hospital Center
Queens Hospital Center (QHC), also known as NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens and originally called Queens General Hospital, is a large public hospital campus in the Jamaica Hills and Hillcrest neighborhoods of Queens in New York City. It is operated by NYC Health + Hospitals, a public benefit corporation of the city.

Queens General Hospital opened in 1935 as the first municipal general hospital in the borough. It would absorb the adjacent Queensboro Hospital for Communicable Diseases shortly after opening, and the campus would later include Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis, which opened in 1941. Queens Hospital Center was formed in 1952 and 1959 with the official merger of the three hospitals along with two other Queens medical facilities. The current campus consists of modern buildings constructed in the 21st century, along with the former Triboro Hospital building.

Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis
Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis or Triboro Tuberculosis Hospital, later simply Triboro Hospital and now known as "Building T" or the "T Building", is a former municipal tuberculosis sanatorium and later a general hospital located on the campus of Queens Hospital Center in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. Completed in 1941, it was merged with the adjacent Queens General Hospital to form Queens Hospital Center in the 1950s, and converted into a general hospital by the 1970s. Now primarily used for administrative purposes, several plans have been proposed to reuse the site, or to preserve the building as a historic landmark. On January 31, 2019 the hospital was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
APHA color
APHA color, also referred to as the Hazen scale, and more appropriately as the Platinum Cobalt(Pt/Co) scale, is a color standard named for the American Public Health Association and defined by ASTM D1209. It was originally intended to describe the color of waste water, but its usage has expanded to include other industrial applications. APHA color is a color scale sometimes referred to as a "yellowness index" that is used to assess the quality of liquids that are clear to yellowish in color.

It is similar to the Hazen color test, to which it is sometimes incorrectly referred. The Hazen color test uses a Pt/Co solution and was developed for water treatment facilities where the Color of water could be used as a measure of concentration of dissolved and particulate material. Slight discoloration is measured in Hazen units (HU). Impurities can be deeply colored as well, for instance dissolved organic compounds called tannins can result in dark brown colors.

Pt/Co scale
The Platinum-Cobalt Scale (Pt/Co scale or Apha-Hazen Scale ) is a color scale that was introduced in 1892 by chemist Allen Hazen (1869–1930). The index was developed as a way to evaluate pollution levels in waste water. It has since expanded to a common method of comparison of the intensity of yellow-tinted samples. It is specific to the color yellow and is based on dilutions of a 500 ppm platinum cobalt solution. The colour produced by one milligram of platinum cobalt dissolved in one liter of water is fixed as one unit of colour in platinum-cobalt scale. The ASTM has detailed description and procedures in ASTM Designation D1209, "Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)".

Colour may be reported on a water quality report using this scale.
Avia BH-22
The Avia BH-22 was a trainer aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1925, based on the BH-21 fighter. A smaller engine was used and armament removed. The lighter engine required the wing stagger to be decreased.  No significant modifications were made to the airframe structure, reduced weight further increasing the ultimate load factor (the BH-21 was designed to 12.5g). Some aeroplanes carried a camera gun. The type saw long service as a special aerobatic trainer and eventually several examples found their way into Czechoslovakia's aero clubs.

Avia BH-21
The Avia BH-21 was a fighter biplane designed and produced by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Avia. First flown in January 1925, it served an important role in securing Czechoslovak national security during the Interwar period.

It originated as the Avia BH-17 during the early 1920s, which was redesigned in response to feedback from an official evaluation of the aircraft as a fighter. Performing its maiden flight in January 1925, it was put into quantity production later that same year. It was operated by both the Czechoslovak Air Force and the Belgian Air Force. As well as being a competent fighter aircraft, it was also an accomplished racer, winning several air races in the mid-1920s.
Adulakit Kitiyakara
Mom Rajawongse Adulakit Kitiyakara (Thai: อดุลกิติ์ กิติยากร; RTGS: Adunlakit Kitiyakon: 2 November 1930 – 5 May 2004), was the chief-president of the supreme judicature of Thailand, and former member of the Privy Council of Thailand. He was a member of the House of Kitiyakara, the Princely House descended from the Chakri dynasty. He was the elder brother of Queen Sirikit, consort of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand.

Sirikit
Sirikit (born Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara; 12 August 1932 – 24 October 2025) was Queen of Thailand from 28 April 1950 to 13 October 2016 as the wife of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX).

Sirikit met Bhumibol in Paris where her father served as the Thai ambassador to France. They married in 1950, shortly before Bhumibol's coronation. In 1956, she was appointed queen regent during the King's temporary ordination as a Buddhist monk. The royal couple had four children: Ubol Ratana, Vajiralongkorn (Rama X), Sirindhorn, and Chulabhorn. As consort to the monarch who became one of the world's longest-reigning heads of state, she held the distinction of being the world's longest-serving queen consort.

Sirikit suffered a stroke in 2012 and subsequently withdrew from public life. She died on 24 October 2025 at the age of 93.
Finnish Roma
The Finnish Roma (Romani: Kàlo; Finnish: Suomen romanit, kaaleet; Swedish: kalé-romer, finska romer), also known as the Kaale [ˈkɑː le], Finnish Romani and Finnish Kale, are a Romani subgroup who live primarily in Finland but also in Sweden. Their main languages are Finnish, Swedish and Kalo.

The first recorded Roma arrived in Finland in the 16th century, and they primarily descend from the Romanisael. Although Finland does not collect data on individuals' ethnicity, the Finnish Roma population in Finland was estimated at approximately 10,000 in 2004. In addition, approximately 4,500 Finnish Roma were residing in Sweden in 2020.

There are also Romani migrants from Romania and Bulgaria living in Finland, who should not be confused with the Finnish Roma, as the two groups are not closely related. They have primarily settled in southern Finland during the 21st century, with their population estimated at between 300 and 500.

Romanisael
The Romanisael (also known as Swedish Roma and Norwegian Roma, or Swedish Taters and Norwegian Taters) are a Romani subgroup who have been resident in Sweden and Norway for some 500 years. The estimated number of Romanisael in Sweden is 65,000, while in Norway, the number is estimated to be around 10,000.
Iberian System
The Iberian System is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
It consists of a vast and complex area of mostly relatively high and rugged mountain chains and massifs located in the central region of the Iberian Peninsula, but reaching almost the Mediterranean coast in the Valencian Community in the east.

The system is hydrographically important, as it separates the watersheds of most of the major rivers in Spain and Portugal, including the Ebro basin to the east from the basins of the Douro, Tagus, Guadiana (Záncara-Gigüela), Júcar and Turia to the west and south.

There are important mining areas in some of the ranges such as Sierra Menera, Sierra de Arcos and Sierra de San Just, making the system one of the chief mining regions in Spain since ancient times. One of the comarcas of Aragon located in the Iberian System was given the name of Cuencas Mineras, lit. 'Mining Basins', since mining is the main activity in the comarca.

Sierra Menera
Sierra Menera is a 31 km (19 mi) long mountain range in the southwestern end of the Iberian System.

Administratively the Sierra Menera belongs to the Sierra de Albarracín, Jiloca and Comunidad de Teruel, comarcas of Aragon, as well as to the Province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha in its western side.

The Castle of Peracense rises atop an escarpment in the southern part of the range.  The place known as Mirador de la Marajosa offers ample views of the surrounding landscape. 
There are aerogenerators on some of the Sierra Menera's ridges.
Polish Soldier Square
The Polish Soldier Square, also commonly referred to as the Flower Avenue, is an urban square in Szczecin, Poland, located at the bounry of neighbourhoods of Centrum and Old Town, within the Downtown district. To the north and south of the square are placed roads, which intersect with Independence Avenue, Emancipation Avenue, Pope John Paul II Avenue, and Bałuki Street to the west, and with Jana Matejki Street and Castle Way to the east. The square was established in 1725, and was formerly known as the White Parade Square until 1809, and later as the King's Square until 1945.

Pope John Paul II Avenue, Szczecin
Pope John Paul II Avenue (Polish: Aleja Papieża Jana Pawła II), also commonly referred to as the Fountain Avenue (Polish: Aleja Fontann) is an avenue located in the areas of the Centrum and Śródmieście-Północ neighborhoods in the Śródmieście district of Szczecin. The avenue is 1.18 km long and runs from the southeast to the northwest, connecting Polish Soldier Square with Wacław Felczak Street. It is a representative downtown avenue with tenement houses listed in the Registry of Cultural Property and the municipal records of monuments. Throughout its entire length, it is part of the Golden Route – a tourist trail connecting the Ducal Castle with the Valley of the Seven Mills.
Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index
The Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) is a calculated parameter for thyrotropic pituitary function. It was defined to be more robust to distorted data than established markers including Jostel's TSH index (JTI) and the thyrotroph thyroid hormone sensitivity index (TTSI).

Thyrotroph Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity Index
The Thyrotroph Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity Index (abbreviated TTSI, also referred to as Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index or TT4RI) is a calculated structure parameter of thyroid homeostasis. It was originally developed to deliver a method for fast screening for resistance to thyroid hormone. Today it is also used to get an estimate for the set point of thyroid homeostasis, especially to assess dynamic thyrotropic adaptation of the anterior pituitary gland, including non-thyroidal illnesses.
Shellness
Shellness is a small coastal hamlet on the most easterly point of the Isle of Sheppey in the Borough of Swale in the English county of Kent. The settlement forms part of the parish of Leysdown. It is south-east of the main village of Leysdown-on-Sea and  north-east of the hamlet of Harty.

Media related to Shellness at Wikimedia Commons

Leysdown-on-Sea
Leysdown-on-Sea is a village on the east coast of the Isle of Sheppey, in the borough of Swale in Kent, England. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 936. The civil parish is Leysdown and includes the settlements of Bay View, Shellness and Harty. In 2011 it had a population of 1,256.
Strategic entry deterrence
In the theories of competition in economics, strategic entry deterrence is when an existing firm within a market acts in a manner to discourage the entry of new potential firms to the market. These actions create greater barriers to entry for firms seeking entrance to the market and ensure that incumbent firms retain a large portion of market share or market power. Deterring strategies, might include an excess capacity, limit pricing, predatory pricing, predatory acquisition (hostile takeovers) and switching costs. Although in the short run, entry deterring strategies might lead to a firm operating inefficiently, in the long run the firm will have a stronger hold over market conditions.

Barriers to entry
In theories of competition in economics, a barrier to entry, or an economic barrier to entry, is a fixed cost that must be incurred by a new entrant, regardless of production or sales activities, into a market that incumbents do not have or have not had to incur.
Because barriers to entry protect incumbent firms and restrict competition in a market, they can contribute to distortionary prices and are therefore most important when discussing antitrust policy. Barriers to entry often cause or aid the existence of monopolies and oligopolies, or give companies market power.
Barriers of entry also have an importance in industries. First of all it is important to identify that some exist naturally, such as brand loyalty.
Governments can also create barriers to entry to meet consumer protection laws, protecting the public. In other cases it can also be due to inherent scarcity of public resources needed to enter a market.
El Soberano
El Soberano (Spanish for "the Sovereign"; born August 12, 1993), or Soberano Jr., is a Mexican luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler), who works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). A third-generation wrestler, he is the son of Euforia and grandson of Pablo Moreno Román, also known under the ring name El Soberano. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

In his career, he has won the 2013 Torneo Sangre Nueva, the 2017 La Copa Junior Nuevo Valores and 2017 Torneo Gran Alternativa tournaments. He is a one-time CMLL World Middleweight Champion and one-time Mexican National Welterweight Champion. Alongside tag team partner Star Jr. (collectively known as Los Principes del Aire), he has won the masks of Ramstein and Cholo.

El Cholo (wrestler)
Carlos Soriano Mendoza (born 1973), better known by his ring name El Cholo (Spanish for "the Half-breed"), is a Mexican luchador (or professional wrestler) who works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL).
White line disease
White line disease (also known as seedy toe) is an infection of a hoof in horses or cattle. As the name suggests, it attacks the white line, which connects the sole to the hoof wall. It is sometimes mistaken for hoof wall separation disease, but is not to be confused because it is not genetic nor as severe.

Horse hoof
A horse hoof is the lower extremity of each leg of a horse, the part that makes contact with the ground and carries the weight of the animal. It is both hard and flexible. It is a complex structure surrounding the distal phalanx of the 3rd digit (digit III of the basic pentadactyl limb of vertebrates, evolved into a single weight-bearing digit in horses) of each of the four limbs, which is covered by soft tissue and keratinised (cornified) matter.
Peytoia
Peytoia is a genus of hurdiid radiodont, an early diverging order of stem-group arthropods, that lived in the Cambrian period, containing two species, Peytoia nathorsti from the Miaolingian of Canada and Peytoia infercambriensis from Poland, dating to Cambrian Stage 3. Its two frontal appendages had long bristle-like spines, it had no fan tail, and its short stalked eyes were behind its large head.

108 specimens of Peytoia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.21% of the community.

Peytoia nathorsti and its junior synonym Laggania cambria played a major role in the discovery of the radiodont body plan. Initially interpreted as a jellyfish and a sea cucumber respectively, they were eventually shown to be the mouthparts and body of a single animal, which bore Anomalocaris-like appendages.

Peytoia infercambriensis is the geologically oldest known radiodont species.

Hurdiidae
Hurdiidae (synonymous with the previously named Peytoiidae) is an extinct cosmopolitan family of radiodonts, a group of stem-group marine arthropods, which lived during the Paleozoic Era. It is the most long-lived radiodont clade, lasting from the Cambrian period to the Devonian period.