hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Carter
Elizabeth Carter (pen name Eliza; 16 December 1717 – 19 February 1806) was an English poet, classicist, writer, translator, and linguist. As one of the Bluestocking Circle that surrounded Elizabeth Montagu, she earned respect for the first English translation of the 2nd-century Discourses of Epictetus. She also published poems and translated from French and Italian, and corresponded profusely. Among her many eminent friends were Elizabeth Montagu, Hannah More, Hester Chapone and other Bluestocking members. Also close friends were Anne Hunter, a poet and socialite, and Mary Delany. She befriended Samuel Johnson, editing some editions of his periodical The Rambler.

Blue Stockings Society
The Blue Stockings Society was an informal women's social and educational movement in England in the mid-18th century that emphasised education and mutual cooperation. It was founded in the early 1750s by Elizabeth Montagu, Elizabeth Vesey and others as a literary discussion group, a step away from traditional, non-intellectual women's activities. Both men and women were invited to attend, including the botanist, translator and publisher Benjamin Stillingfleet, who, due to his financial standing, did not dress for the occasion as formally as was customary and deemed “proper”, in consequence appearing in everyday, blue worsted stockings.

The society gave rise to the term “bluestocking”,  referred to the informal quality of the gatherings and the emphasis on conversation rather than fashion,  and, by the 1770s, came to describe learned women in general.
The Platters
The Platters are an American rhythm and blues vocal group formed in 1952. They are one of the most successful vocal bands of the early rock and roll era. Their distinctive sound bridges the pre-rock Tin Pan Alley tradition and the new burgeoning genre. The act has gone through multiple line-ups over the years, earning it the branding tag "Many Voices One Name", with the most successful incarnation comprising lead tenor Tony Williams, David Lynch, Paul Robi, naming member Herb Reed, and Zola Taylor. The Platters had 40 charting singles on the  Billboard Hot 100 between 1955 and 1967, including four number-one hits. In 1990, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The group continues to perform around the world with "Herb Reed Enterprises" (an LLC set up by Reed in response to numerous fake Platters groups) owning the rights and trademark to the name.

Zola Taylor
Zoletta Lynn Taylor (March 17, 1938 – April 30, 2007) was an American singer and musician. Beginning her career in the early 1950s, Taylor was the original female member of the American vocal group The Platters from 1954 until 1962, when the group produced most of their popular singles.
Cael Sanderson
Cael Norman Sanderson (/ˈkeɪl/ KAYL; born June 20, 1979) is an American former folkstyle and freestyle wrestler who is the current head coach of Penn State's wrestling team. As a wrestler, he won an Olympic gold medal and was undefeated in four years of college wrestling at Iowa State (159–0), becoming a four-time NCAA Division I champion.

Sanderson is the only wrestler in NCAA Division I history to go undefeated in official matches with more than 100 wins. Sports Illustrated named his college career as the second most impressive college sports feat of all-time, behind the setting of four world records by Jesse Owens in a single hour at the 1935 Big Ten track and field conference championship meet.

Penn State Nittany Lions wrestling
The Penn State Nittany Lions wrestling program is the collegiate wrestling team at Pennsylvania State University. The team is a member of the Big Ten Conference and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Nittany Lions compete at Bryce Jordan Center, a 15,261 capacity indoor stadium on the university's campus. Since the program's founding in 1909, the team has claimed 14 team National Championship titles and 55 individual NCAA National Championship titles, making it one of the most successful collegiate wrestling programs in the nation.

Former wrestlers include Dan Hodge Trophy Winners Kerry McCoy (1997), Zain Retherford (2017, 2018), Bo Nickal (2019), Aaron Brooks (2024), and Olympic Champion David Taylor (2012, 2014).
Coole Pilate
Coole Pilate is a civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, which lies to the north of Audlem and to the south of Nantwich. The area is predominantly rural with scattered farms, and a total population of 60 people. At the 2011 Census the population remained less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Austerson. Nearby villages include Broomhall Green, Hankelow, Hatherton and Newhall.

Nantwich
Nantwich (/ˈnæntwɪtʃ/ NAN-twitch) is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East in Cheshire, England. It has among the highest concentrations of listed buildings in England, with notably good examples of Tudor and Georgian architecture. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 14,045 and the built up area had a population of 18,740.
2017–18 Segona Divisió
The 2017–18 Segona Divisió, also known as the Lliga Biosphere, was the 19th season of second-tier football in Andorra. This season began on 23 September 2017 and ended on 13 May 2018.

Inter Club d'Escaldes won the league in the previous season and were promoted along with second-placed Penya Encarnada to the 2017–18 Primera Divisió.

2017–18 Primera Divisió
The 2017–18 Primera Divisió, also known as Lliga Multisegur Assegurances, was the 23rd season of top-tier football in Andorra. The season began on 17 September 2017 and ended on 20 May 2018. The defending champions are FC Santa Coloma having won their eleventh championship the previous season.

The winner of the league this season will earn a place in the preliminary round of the 2018–19 Champions League, and the second-placed club will earn a place in the preliminary round of the 2018–19 Europa League.
Read Yourself Raw
Read Yourself RAW is a comic anthology collecting the non-Maus contents of the first three issues of the magazine RAW, edited by Art Spiegelman and Françoise Mouly and published in October 1987 by Pantheon Books.

Raw (comics magazine)
Raw was a comics anthology edited by Art Spiegelman and Françoise Mouly and published in the United States by Mouly from 1980 to 1991. It was a flagship publication of the 1980s alternative comics movement, serving as a more intellectual counterpoint to Robert Crumb's visceral Weirdo, which followed squarely in the underground tradition of Zap and Arcade. Along with the more genre-oriented Heavy Metal, it was also one of the main venues for European comics in the United States in its day.
Darnaway Castle
Darnaway Castle, also known as Tarnaway Castle, is located in Darnaway Forest, 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Forres in Moray, Scotland. This was Comyn land, given to Thomas Randolph along with the Earldom of Moray by King Robert I. The castle has remained the seat of the Earls of Moray ever since. Rebuilt in 1810, it retains the old banqueting hall, capable of accommodating 1,000 people.

Earl of Moray
The title Earl of Moray, or Mormaer of Moray (pronounced "Murry"), was originally held by the rulers of the Province of Moray, which existed from the 10th century with varying degrees of independence from the Kingdom of Alba to the south. Until 1130 the status of Moray's rulers was ambiguous and they were described in some sources as "mormaers" (the Gaelic term for "Earl"), in others as "Kings of Moray", and in others as "Kings of Alba". The position was suppressed by David I of Scotland some time after his defeat of Óengus of Moray at the Battle of Stracathro in 1130, but was recreated as a feudal earldom by Robert the Bruce and granted to Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray in 1312.

The title has subsequently been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. It has been held by Clan Stewart since the 16th century, when James Stewart, illegitimate son of James V, was granted the title.
Tsuyoshi Nakasako
Tsuyoshi Nakasako (Japanese: 中迫剛; born January 29, 1974) is a Japanese retired heavyweight kickboxer who competed in K-1. During his ten-year career from 1998 until 2008, he fought a variety of K-1 champions including Ernesto Hoost, Peter Aerts, Remy Bonjasky, Mark Hunt, and Andy Hug.

Remy Bonjasky
Remy Kenneth Bonjasky (born January 10, 1976) is a Surinamese-Dutch former kickboxer. He is a three-time K-1 World Grand Prix heavyweight champion, winning the title in 2003, 2004, and 2008. He is widely considered one of the greatest  kickboxers of all time. Bonjasky has been known for his flying kicks, knee attacks and strong defense, hence the nickname "The Flying Gentleman".
Final Crisis
"Final Crisis" is a 2008 American comics crossover storyline that ran in books published by DC Comics, consisting of a central, eponymous seven-issue miniseries written by Grant Morrison, and a number of other tie-in books. Originally DC announced the project as being illustrated solely by J. G. Jones; artists Carlos Pacheco, Marco Rudy and Doug Mahnke later provided art for the series.

The storyline directly follows DC Universe #0 after the conclusion of the 51-issue Countdown to Final Crisis weekly limited series. Promotion about the limited series describes its story as "the day evil won". The series deals with alien villain Darkseid's plot to overthrow reality, and the subsequent death and corruption of various DC characters and their universe.

Final Crisis: Legion of 3 Worlds
Final Crisis: Legion of 3 Worlds is a five-issue 2008 limited series produced by DC Comics. The series is a tie-in to Final Crisis. It is scripted by Geoff Johns, and drawn by George Pérez.

The story features Superman and the post-Infinite Crisis version of the Legion of Super-Heroes, uniting them with the team's 1994 and 2004 counterparts to battle the Time Trapper and a new incarnation of the Legion of Super-Villains (led by Superboy-Prime).

This series is the finale of DC's three year reinvention of the Legion, coming after the "Lightning Saga" story arc from the Justice League of America and Justice Society of America series, and the "Superman and the Legion of Super-Heroes" story arc from Action Comics.
Caroline Endres Diescher
Caroline Endres Diescher (February 1846 – February 7, 1930), also known as Caroline Endres, was notable as one of the first female engineers in the United States. With her father John Endres, who was born and educated in Prussia, she designed two inclines in the Pittsburgh area: the Monongahela Incline and the Mount Oliver Incline, which opened in 1870 and 1871, respectively.

Mount Oliver Incline
The Mount Oliver Incline was a funicular on the South Side of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  It was designed in 1871 by the Prussian-born engineer John Endres and his American daughter Caroline Endres, one of the first women engineers in the United States.

Its track was 1600 feet long and gained 377 feet of elevation. It ran from the corner of Freyburg and South Twelfth streets at its lower end to Warrington Avenue at its upper end. It was closed on 6 July 1951.
Ashland Dam and Spillway
The Ashland Dam and Spillway is a historic site at the north end of Ashland Reservoir in Ashland State Park in Ashland, Massachusetts.  Ashland Reservoir was constructed in 1885, impounding a portion of Cold Spring Brook, a tributary of the Sudbury River.  The dam and spillway were built as part of Boston's second major water works effort, which impounded large portions of the upper Sudbury River.  They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Ashland State Park
Ashland State Park is a public recreation area surrounding the 157-acre (64 ha) Ashland Reservoir in the town of Ashland, Massachusetts. The state park's 470 acres (190 ha) incorporate the entire shoreline of the reservoir, which is abutted by the Warren Conference Center and Inn of Framingham State University, town-owned land once the site of Camp Winnetaska (a Girl Scouts camp), and residential houses. The park is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
Zaal Udumashvili
Zaal (Zaliko) Udumashvili (Georgian: ზაალ უდუმაშვილი; born 27 February 1971) is a Georgian journalist and politician who served in the Parliament of Georgia from 2020 until 2022 as a member of the United National Movement. He was a candidate in the 2017 Tbilisi mayoral election, placing third.

2017 Georgian local elections
The 2017 Georgian local elections (Georgian: საქართველოს ადგილობრივი თვითმმართველობის ორგანოების არჩევნები) were held on 21 October 2017 to elect the bodies of local government of Georgia: 2,058 members of representative councils (sakrebulo) and 64 mayors of municipalities. The votes went into second-round runoffs in six municipalities on 12 November 2017. The ruling Georgian Dream party won in all constituencies under the proportional contest and secured 62 out of 64 mayoral positions.
Moses S. Margolies
Moses Sebulun Margolies (April 1851 – August 25, 1936) (Hebrew: משה זבולן מרגליות) was a Russian-born American Orthodox who served as senior rabbi of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun on the Upper East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. In its obituary, The New York Times described Margolies as the "dean of orthodox rabbis in North America," a "Zionist leader and Jewish educator."

Joseph Lookstein
Joseph Hyman Lookstein (Hebrew: יוסף לוקשטיין; December 25, 1902 – July 13, 1979) was a Russian-born American rabbi who served as spiritual leader of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun on the Upper East Side of Manhattan and was a leader in Orthodox Judaism, including his service as president of the Rabbinical Council of America and of the cross-denominational Synagogue Council of America and New York Board of Rabbis. He was President of Bar-Ilan University from 1957 to 1967.
Nedging
Nedging is a village and former civil parish on the B1115 road, now in the parish of Nedging-with-Naughton, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The nearest town is Hadleigh, there is also the hamlet of Nedging Tye nearby. In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 155. On 1 April 1935 it was merged with Naughton to create Nedging-with-Naughton.

The parish church of St Mary is a Grade I listed medieval church.

Nedging Tye
Nedging Tye is a hamlet on the B1078 road, in the civil parish of Nedging-with-Naughton, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The nearest town is Hadleigh. There is also the village of Naughton nearby.
John Butrovich
John Butrovich Jr. (March 22, 1910 – June 3, 1997) was an American businessman and politician from Alaska. He was a member of the Republican Party, and was that party's nominee in the 1958 gubernatorial election.

1958 Alaska gubernatorial election
The 1958 Alaska gubernatorial election took place on November 25, 1958, for the post of Governor of Alaska. It was Alaska's first gubernatorial election as a U.S. state, although this did not take effect until January 3, 1959. Democratic Shadow Senator William A. Egan and his running mate Hugh Wade defeated Republican State Senator John Butrovich and his running mate, former territorial tax commissioner K.F. Dewey.
Nancy Bikin Pembalesan
Nancy Bikin Pembalesan  (Nancy Takes Revenge) is a 1930 film from the Dutch East Indies. It was released by Tan's Film Company and a sequel to the 1929 two-part film Njai Dasima; it follows Dasima's daughter Nancy on her quest for vengeance. Like its predecessor, it was a commercial and critical success.

Tan's Film
Tan's Film was a film production house in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia). Established by the brothers Tan Khoen Yauw and Tan Khoen Hian on September 1, 1929, its films were mostly targeted at native ethnic groups. Starting with Njai Dasima in 1929, the company released fifteen movies before ultimately being dissolved after the Japanese occupation. The Tans and the Wong brothers established Tan & Wong Bros in 1948 to continue this work.
Sybil Haydel Morial
Sybil Haydel Morial (November 26, 1932 – September 3, 2024) was an American civil rights activist and educator. She was married to Ernest Morial, the first Black mayor of New Orleans and was the mother of Marc Morial, who served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1994 to 2002.

Ernest Nathan Morial
Ernest Nathan "Dutch" Morial (October 9, 1929 – December 24, 1989) was an American politician and a leading civil rights advocate. He was the first black mayor of New Orleans, serving from 1978 to 1986. He was married to civil rights activist Sybil Haydel Morial and the father of Marc Morial, who served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1994 to 2002.
Penelope Ligonier
Hon. Penelope Ligonier (née Pitt; later Brown; 23 February 1749 – March 1827), styled Viscountess Ligonier from 1766–1772, was an English aristocrat and socialite. She is most remembered for her affair with the Italian poet Count Alfieri, which led him to a duel with her husband Edward, Viscount Ligonier, followed by an adultery trial.

Vittorio Alfieri
Count Vittorio Amedeo Alfieri (/ˌælfiˈɛəri/, also US: /ɑːlˈfjɛri/, Italian: [vitˈtɔːrjo alˈfjɛːri]; 16 January 1749 – 8 October 1803) was an Italian dramatist and poet, considered the "founder of Italian tragedy." He wrote nineteen tragedies, sonnets, satires, a notable autobiography, and translated Virgil and other works from Latin and Greek. Alfieri's work exerted a profound influence on British Romantic poetry.
Battle of Carberry Hill
The Battle of Carberry Hill took place on 15 June 1567, near Carberry Tower in East Lothian, a few miles east of Edinburgh, Scotland.

A number of Scottish lords objected to the rule of Mary, Queen of Scots, after she had married the Earl of Bothwell, who was widely believed to have murdered her previous husband Lord Darnley. The Lords were intent to avenge Darnley's death. However, Bothwell escaped from the stand-off at Carberry while Queen Mary surrendered. Mary abdicated, escaped from prison, and was defeated at the battle of Langside. She went to exile in England while her supporters continued a civil war in Scotland.

James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney and 4th Earl of Bothwell (c. 1534 – 14 April 1578), better known simply as Lord Bothwell, was the third husband of Mary, Queen of Scots. He was accused of the murder of Mary's second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, a charge of which he was acquitted. His marriage to Mary was controversial and divided the country; when he fled the growing rebellion to Norway, he was arrested and lived the rest of his life imprisoned in Denmark.
Hourglass Field
Hourglass Field was the popular name for an auxiliary landing field operated by the United States Navy before and during World War II in the northern part of San Diego, California. It is remembered as a racetrack in the regional road racing circuit and because a crackdown on unauthorized drag racing there triggered the El Cajon Boulevard Riot. A community college now occupies the site. Its athletics complex and a community park adjacent to the college are named after the airfield.

El Cajon Boulevard riot
The El Cajon Boulevard Riot was the official name of what the San Diego Union called the Drag Strip Riot. Some people consider the El Cajon Boulevard Riot one of the first major youth riots of the 1960s.
Independence Police Department (Missouri)
The Independence Police Department serves the citizens of Independence, Missouri, a city of approximately 117,213 inhabitants (as of July 1, 2011) located in Jackson County, Missouri, just east of Kansas City.  According to the department, its mission is "to protect life, individual liberty and the property of all people within the City of Independence; to develop and maintain a positive relationship with members of the community; and to foster a positive work environment for police employees." The department is also under the jurisdiction of the Jackson County Sheriff's Office.

Independence, Missouri
Independence is a city mostly in and one of two county seats of Jackson County, Missouri, United States. It is a satellite city of Kansas City, Missouri, and is the largest suburb on the Missouri side of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In 2020, it had a total population of 123,011, making it the fifth-most populous city in Missouri. A small part of the city extends into Clay County.

Independence is known as the "Queen City of the Trails" because it was a point of departure for the California, Oregon, and Santa Fe Trails. It is the hometown of U.S. President Harry S. Truman, with the Truman Presidential Library and Museum, and the gravesites of Truman and First Lady Bess Truman. The city is sacred to the Latter Day Saint movement, as the home of Joseph Smith's 1831 Temple Lot, and the headquarters of several Mormon denominations.
Masjid al-Qiblatayn
The Masjid al-Qiblatayn (Arabic: مسجد القبلتين, lit. 'Mosque of the Two Qiblas'), also spelt Masjid al-Qiblatain, is a historic mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia, located approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) north-west of the Prophet's Mosque.

The mosque is believed by Muslims to be the place where the final Islamic prophet, Muhammad, received the command to change the Qibla (direction of prayer) from Jerusalem to Mecca. The mosque was built by Sawad ibn Ghanam ibn Ka'ab during the year 2 AH (623 CE) and is one of the few mosques in the world to have contained two mihrabs (niches indicating the qibla) in different directions.

Mihrab
Mihrab (Arabic: محراب, miḥrāb, pl. محاريب maḥārīb) is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca towards which Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the "qibla wall".

The minbar, which is the raised platform from which an imam (leader of prayer) addresses the congregation, is located to the right of the mihrab.
TOPAZ nuclear reactor
The TOPAZ nuclear reactor is a lightweight nuclear reactor developed for long term space use by the Soviet Union. Cooled by liquid metal, it uses a high-temperature moderator containing hydrogen and highly enriched fuel and produces electricity using a thermionic converter.

Thermionic converter
A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically emits electrons over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode, producing a useful electric power output. Caesium vapor can be used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma) to neutralize the electron space charge.