hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Air separation
An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases.

The most common method for air separation is fractional distillation. Cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) are built to provide nitrogen or oxygen and often co-produce argon. Other methods such as membrane, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) are commercially used to separate a single component from ordinary air. High purity oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, used for semiconductor device fabrication, require cryogenic distillation. Similarly, the only viable source of the rare gases neon, krypton,  xenon is the distillation of air using at least two distillation columns. Helium is also recovered in advanced air separation processes.

Pressure swing adsorption
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technique used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases (typically air) under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. It operates at near-ambient temperature and significantly differs from the cryogenic distillation commonly used to separate gases. Selective adsorbent materials such as zeolites (molecular sieves), or activated carbon are used as trapping material, preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure. The process then swings to low pressure to desorb the adsorbed gas.
Nebraskanic acid
Nebraskanic acid ((7R,15Z,18R)-7,18-dihydroxytetracosa-15-monoenoic acid) is a 24-carbon dihydroxy fatty acid with the chemical formula C24H46O4 and molecular weight 398.6 g/mol.

Nebraskanic acid was identified as a major component of the seed oil of Chinese violet cress (Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O.E.Schulz). This fatty acid also occurs in Chinese violet cress oil with a second 24-carbon dihydroxy fatty acid wuhanic acid [(7R,15Z,18R,21Z)-7,18-dihydroxytetracosa-15,21-dienoic acid]. Nebraskanic and wuhanic acids were named in recognition of the location of their co-discoverers at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Wuhanic acid
Wuhanic acid ((7R,15Z,18R,21Z)-7,18-dihydroxytetracosa-15,21-dienoic acid) is a 24-carbon dihydroxy fatty acid with the chemical formula C24H44O4 and molecular weight 396.6 g/mol.

Wuhanic acid was identified, along with nebraskanic acid, as a major fatty acid of the seed oil of Chinese violet cress (Orychophragmus violaceus L. O.E.Schulz). Wuhanic acid was named in honor of the location of its co-discoverer Chunyu Zhang, a professor in the National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology at Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.

Shah dynasty
The Shah dynasty (Nepali: शाह वंश), also known as the Shahs of Gorkha or the Royal House of Gorkha, was the ruling Chaubise Thakuri dynasty and the founder of the Gorkha Kingdom from 1559 to 1768 and later the unified Kingdom of Nepal from 1768 to 28 May 2008.

The Shah dynasty traces its historical ancestor to King of Kaski, Kulamandan Shah Khand, whose grandson Dravya Shah captured the throne of Ligligkot from Magars King (Dalsur Ghale Magar) with the help of accomplices from six resident clans of Majhkot and Ligligkot. Dravya Shah named his new kingdom Gorkha.
Variable-frequency oscillator
A variable frequency oscillator (VFO) in electronics is an oscillator whose frequency can be tuned (i.e., varied) over some range. It is a necessary component in any tunable radio transmitter and in receivers that work by the superheterodyne principle. The oscillator controls the frequency to which the apparatus is tuned.

Superheterodyne receiver
A superheterodyne receiver, often shortened to superhet, is a type of radio receiver that uses frequency mixing to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) which can be processed more efficiently and selectively than the original carrier frequency. Edwin Howard Armstrong developed the concept, though Lucien Lévy, Walter Schottky, Henry Round, and John Renshaw Carson explored related ideas. The superheterodyne design is used in most radio receivers today and can be used for many modulation schemes, including amplitude modulation (AM).

According to Nahin, any receiver that shifts the antenna signal frequencies to new locations in the spectrum is a heterodyne receiver. The prefix super is reserved for those receivers that include both a RF input filter for image rejection, and a fixed-frequency, narrow-band intermediate-frequency amplifier for adjacent-channel suppression.
HNLMS Karel Doorman (R81)
HNLMS Karel Doorman (R81) (Dutch: Hr.Ms. Karel Doorman (R81)) was a Colossus-class aircraft carrier of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Formerly the British ship HMS Venerable, she was sold to the Netherlands in 1948 as a light attack carrier. In 1960, she was involved in the West New Guinea dispute with Indonesia. In the mid 1960s, her role was changed to anti-submarine warfare carrier and only ASW aircraft and helicopters were carried. An engine room fire took her out of service in 1968. She was sold to Argentina in 1969 and renamed ARA Veinticinco de Mayo.

ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2)
ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2) was a light aircraft carrier in the Argentine Navy from 1969 to 1997. The English translation of the name is Twenty-fifth of May, which is the date of Argentina's May Revolution in 1810.

The ship previously served in the Royal Navy as HMS Venerable and the Royal Netherlands Navy as HNLMS Karel Doorman.  She was deployed south during the Beagle Crisis in 1978 and in the first weeks of the Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), where her aircraft were deployed against the Royal Navy task force, but spent the bulk of the war in port.
Siem de Jong
Siem Stefan de Jong (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsim də ˈjɔŋ]; born 28 January 1989) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or striker.

Playing in the youth academies of De Graafschap and Ajax, he made his professional debut for the Amsterdam-based side and would go on to become the club's captain as they won a club-record four consecutive Eredivisie titles from 2011 to 2014.

Following a three-year spell with Premier League side Newcastle United and a loan spell with PSV Eindhoven, De Jong returned to Ajax in 2017.

His younger brother Luuk de Jong is also a professional football player, currently playing for Porto.

Luuk de Jong
Luuk de Jong (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlyɡ də ˈjɔŋ]; born 27 August 1990) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a striker for Primeira Liga club Porto.

De Jong previously played for DZC '68, De Graafschap, Twente, Borussia Mönchengladbach, and Newcastle United, before joining PSV Eindhoven in 2014. He played over 200 games for the club, scoring over 100 goals, and helped them win the Eredivisie three times in his five-season stay. In 2019, he joined Sevilla, before going out on loan to Barcelona in 2021. He re-joined PSV in 2022.

A former Dutch international, De Jong represented the Netherlands at UEFA Euro 2012, Euro 2020 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Triquetral bone
The triquetral bone (/traɪˈkwɛtrəl, -ˈkwiː-/; also called triquetrum, pyramidal, three-faced, and formerly cuneiform bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not directly articulate with the ulna. Instead, it is connected to and articulates with the ulna through the Triangular fibrocartilage disc and ligament, which forms part of the ulnocarpal joint capsule. It connects with the pisiform, hamate, and lunate bones. It is the 2nd most commonly fractured carpal bone.

Carpal bones
The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm. The terms "carpus" and "carpal" are derived from the Latin carpus and the Greek καρπός (karpós), meaning "wrist". In human anatomy, the main role of the carpal bones is to articulate with the radial and ulnar heads to form a highly mobile condyloid joint (i.e. wrist joint), to provide attachments for thenar and hypothenar muscles, and to form part of the rigid carpal tunnel which allows the median nerve and tendons of the anterior forearm muscles to be transmitted to the hand and fingers.

In tetrapods, the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically.
Asaphodes beata
Asaphodes beata (also known as the dotted green carpet moth) is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and is a relatively common species that can be found throughout the country in native forest or scrub habitat, mainly observed in clearings. It can be distinguished from its close relative Asaphodes adonis by the colour of its hindwings. The larvae of this species feeds on watercress but tends to be inactive during the day. If threatened it will mimic a twig dropping to the ground. The adult moths are on the wing commonly from October to March but have been observed in all months of the year. Adults are said to be attracted to white rātā. The white markings on the forewing of the adults are variable in appearance.

Asaphodes adonis
Asaphodes adonis (also known as the exquisite carpet moth) is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. It is found in native forest at altitudes of between 300 and 1200 metres. The larvae of A. adonis are extremely sluggish in habit, resting on stems of food plant and feeding on the dead portions. Larvae have been reared on species of Ranunculus. George Hudson stated that a larval food plant of this species is Nasturtium officinale. Adults are on the wing in January  and February. It can be found during the day resting on tree trunks, camouflaged against similar coloured lichen growth.
Hedda von Fersen
Hedvig Eleonora "Hedda" von Fersen (2 July 1753 – 8 November 1792) was a Swedish noble and a lady in waiting to the Swedish queen, Sophia Magdalena of Denmark. She was the daughter of Axel von Fersen the Elder and Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie, and the sister of Axel von Fersen, Sophie Piper and Fabian von Fersen. In 1773, she married marshal Baron, later Count, Thure Leonard von Klinkowström in his second marriage, and with him had four children, among them were the artist Hedvig Amalia Charlotta Klinckowström and Axel Leonhard von Klinckowström, member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences and Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale.

Sophie Piper
Countess Eva Sophie Piper, née Eva Sophie von Fersen (30 March 1757 – 2 February 1816, Lövstad Castle), was a Swedish countess and lady in waiting. She was the daughter of count Axel von Fersen the Elder and Hedvig Catharina von Fersen, and the sister of Axel von Fersen the Younger, Hedvig Eleonora von Fersen and Fabian von Fersen (1762–1818). She is known primarily for her close relationship with Queen Hedvig Elizabeth Charlotte, who dedicated her famous diary to her.
COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Cyprus on 9 March 2020. Data released by the Cypriot government includes cases in the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, but does not include cases in Northern Cyprus due to the long-running Cyprus dispute.

COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus
The COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus was a part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The first case in Northern Cyprus was recorded on 10 March, when a local returned home from a trip to Europe. The first death due to COVID-19 in the country occurred on 28 March.

As of 21 April 2021, Northern Cyprus has 5,746 confirmed cases, 4,922 recoveries, 28 deaths, and a death rate of 87 per million people, one of the lowest rates globally.

As of 16 April 2021, Northern Cyprus's observed case-fatality rate stands at 0.52%, the 139th highest rate globally.
Josif Rajačić
Josif Rajačić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јосиф Рајачић; 20 July 1785 – 1 December 1861), also known as Josif Rajačić-Brinski, was the Serbian Orthodox Archbishop and metropolitan of Sremski Karlovci (1842-1848), and then the Serbian Patriarch of the Patriarchate of Karlovci (1848-1861). He also served as a provisional administrator of Serbian Vojvodina (1848-1849), and was a baron of the Austrian Empire.

Patriarchate of Karlovci
The Patriarchate of Karlovci (Serbian: Карловачка патријаршија, romanized: Karlovačka patrijaršija) or Serbian Patriarchate of Sremski Karlovci (Serbian: Српска патријаршија у Сремским Карловцима, romanized: Srpska patrijaršija u Sremskim Karlovcima), was a patriarchate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed between 1848 and 1920. It was formed when the Metropolitanate of Karlovci was elevated to the rank of patriarchate. The Patriarchate of Karlovci nominally existed until 1920, when along with several other Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the defunct Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as the Metropolitanate of Cetinje, it was merged with the Metropolitanate of Belgrade to form the united Serbian Orthodox Church. The seat of the Patriarchate was in Karlovci (today Sremski Karlovci, Serbia).
Buick LeSabre
The Buick LeSabre is a full-size car made by the division Buick of General Motors from 1959 until 2005. Prior to 1959, this position had been retained by the full-size Buick Special model (1936–58). The "LeSabre", which is French for "the sabre", was Buick's mid-level full-size sedan above the Special but below the Electra during the 1960s then remained in its market position when the Electra was replaced with the Park Avenue. The LeSabre was available as a 2-door convertible, sedan or hardtop, a 4-door sedan or hardtop and station wagon throughout its production.

Buick Special
The Buick Special was an automobile produced by Buick. It was usually Buick's lowest-priced model, starting out as a full-size car in 1936 and returning in 1961 (after a two-year hiatus) as a compact, changed to mid-size in 1963. The Special was built for several decades and was offered as a coupe, sedan and later as a station wagon. When GM modernized their entry level products in the 1960s, the Special introduced the modern Buick V6 that became a core engine for GM for several decades and lived on in upgraded form until 2006.

By 1970, Special was no longer offered as a standalone model but the name would later be used for the entry trim on 1975 to 1979 and 1991 to 1996 Century models.

The entry level Buick can trace its heritage to the Buick Model 10, a companion to Buick's first car, the Buick Model B. The Model 10 started out as one of the independent brands merged into Buick, called the Janney.
Alan Kelly Sr.
Alan James Alexander Kelly (5 July 1936 – 20 May 2009) was an Irish football player and coach.

Kelly played as a goalkeeper for Bray Wanderers and Drumcondra in his home country, and most notably for Preston North End in England. He was capped 47 times for the Republic of Ireland. He was the father of Gary Kelly and Alan Kelly Jr., who also became goalkeepers.

Gary Kelly (footballer, born 1966)
Gary Alexander Kelly (born 3 August 1966) is a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in England, he represented the Republic of Ireland internationally as the son of former Republic of Ireland goalkeeper Alan Kelly Sr.
Konoe Nobuhiro
Konoe Nobuhiro (近衛 信尋; 24 June 1599– 15 November 1649), Ōzan (応山) as a monk, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He was born the fourth son of Emperor Go-Yōzei. His mother was Empress Dowager Chūka, or Konoe Sakiko by birth. Nobuhiro was adopted by Konoe Nobutada, his maternal uncle, as Nobutada had no legitimate heir.

He had his genpuku ceremony in 1606 and was promoted to higher positions successively afterward. He was Udaijin in 1620; and he held the regent position of kampaku from 1623 to 1629. In 1645 he became a monk. After his death, he was buried in his family's tomb at Daitoku-ji.

It is obscure who was his wife; but there are accounts that he had three children. Hisatsugu was his son and heir. Another son became a priest at Kajū-ji (勧修寺) and was titled Kanshun (寛俊). A daughter of his was a consort of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, second head of the Mito Domain.

Konoe Hisatsugu
Konoe Hisatsugu (近衛 尚嗣; 1622 – 1653), son of regent Nobuhiro, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He held a regent position kampaku from 1651 to 1653.

There are no records of his mother. His sister was the consort of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the daimyō of Mito Domain. As a son of Nobuhiro, he was the grandson of Emperor Go-Yōzei. His consort was Second Princess (Onna-ni-no-miya), the third daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, thus a cousin of Hisatsugu. With her he had a daughter who was the consort of Fushimi-no-miya Prince Sadayuki (伏見宮貞致親王). With a servant he had a son, Motohiro.
Simonstone, Lancashire
Simonstone is a small village and civil parish in the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 1,154. It is about 4 miles (6 km) west of Burnley and south of Pendle Hill and Clitheroe along the A671 road. The village adjoins the village of Read, Lancashire and neighbours Padiham.

Read, Lancashire
Read /riːd/ is a village in Lancashire 5 miles west northwest of Burnley and 2 miles east of Whalley.  It is on the A671 which is the main road between Burnley and Clitheroe. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 census was 1,419.
New York State Office of Mental Health
The Office of Mental Health (OMH) is an agency of the New York state government responsible for assuring the development of comprehensive plans, programs, and services in the areas of research, prevention, and care, treatment, rehabilitation, education, and training of the mentally ill. It is part of the pro forma Department of Mental Hygiene along with the Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) and Office for People With Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD).

New York State Office for People With Developmental Disabilities
The New York State Office for People With Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD) is an executive agency in the state of New York, whose mission is to provide services and conduct research for those with intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities (I/DD). It is one of New York State’s largest agencies, with a mandate to provide services and supports to more than 130,000 people with intellectual or developmental disabilities and leads a workforce of more than 22,000 direct support staff, clinicians, nurses, researchers and other professionals throughout the state. It operates 13 Developmental Disabilities Services Offices which operate group homes for the individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in its care. It is part of the pro forma Department of Mental Hygiene along with the Office of Mental Health (OMH) and Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS).

The agency is based in Albany, New York at 44 Holland Avenue.
Doctor of Divinity
A Doctor of Divinity (DD or DDiv; Latin: Doctor Divinitatis) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity (i.e., Christian theology and ministry or other theologies).  The term is more common in the English-speaking world than elsewhere.  In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the DD is usually a higher doctorate conferred upon a religious scholar of standing and distinction, usually for accomplishments beyond the PhD or ThD level.  In the United States, the DD is generally an honorary degree.  In Catholic universities, faculties of theology usually grant the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology (STD), but the DD may be awarded as an honorary degree.

Doctor of Theology
Doctor of Theology (Latin: Doctor Theologiae, abbreviated DTh, ThD, DTheol, or Dr. theol.) is a terminal degree in the academic discipline of theology. The ThD, like the ecclesiastical Doctor of Sacred Theology, is an advanced research degree equivalent to the Doctor of Philosophy.
Ricardo Rojas Frías
Ricardo Rojas Frías (born June 15, 1955) is a retired boxer from Cuba, who represented his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union. There he won the bronze medal in the light heavyweight division (– 81 kg), after being defeated in the semifinals by eventual silver medalist Paweł Skrzecz of Poland.

Paweł Skrzecz
Paweł Ludwik Skrzecz (born 25 August 1957 in Warsaw) is a retired boxer from Poland, who won the silver medal in the light heavyweight division (– 81 kg) at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union. In the final he was beaten by Slobodan Kačar of Yugoslavia. Two years later he won the silver medal at the World Championships in Munich, West Germany.
Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
Chippewa Falls (/ˌtʃɪpəwə ˈfɔːlz/ ⓘ) is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 14,731 in the 2020 census. Incorporated as a city in 1869, it is the county seat of Chippewa County. The city's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River, which is named after the Ojibwe. It is a principal city of the Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area.

Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray, known as the "father of supercomputing", and the headquarters for the original Cray Research. It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company, the Heyde Center for the Arts, a showcase venue for artists and performers; Irvine Park, and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair. Chippewa Falls is 15 miles (24 km) from the annual four-day music festivals Hoofbeat and Rock Fest.

Chippewa County, Wisconsin
Chippewa County (/ˈtʃɪpəwɔː/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is named for the historic Chippewa people, also known as the Ojibwe, who long controlled this territory. As of the 2020 census, the population was 66,297. Its county seat is Chippewa Falls. The county was founded in 1845 from Crawford County, then in the Wisconsin Territory, and organized in 1853. Chippewa County is included in the Eau Claire metropolitan area as well as the Eau Claire-Menomonie Combined Statistical Area.