hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Tyrone Fusiliers
The Royal Tyrone Militia, later the Royal Tyrone Fusiliers, was an Irish militia regiment raised in 1793 for home defence and internal security during the French Revolutionary War, seeing action during the Irish Rebellion of 1798. It was later embodied during all of the UK's major wars. In 1881 it became a battalion of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and during World War I, as part of the Special Reserve, it trained thousands of reinforcements for battalions of that regiment serving overseas. Postwar it retained a shadowy existence until it was formally disbanded in 1953.

Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers
The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers was an Irish line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1968. The regiment was formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot and the 108th Regiment of Foot.

It saw service in the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. In 1968 it was amalgamated with the other regiments in the North Irish Brigade, the Royal Ulster Rifles, and the Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's) into the Royal Irish Rangers.
Church's Auxiliary for Social Action
Church's Auxiliary for Social Action or CASA (founded in 1947) is a non-religious Indian development organisation and charitable trust based in New Delhi and a service wing of the National Council of Churches in India comprising the Orthodox and Protestant Church Societies in India.  CASA is a member of ACT Alliance

Mar Aprem Mooken writes,

Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India at the time of partition, asked the Christian community to assist in the work among the refugees, which the community readily responded through the National Council of Churches in India.

National Council of Churches in India
The National Council of Churches in India is an ecumenical forum for Protestant and Orthodox churches in India. It provides a platform for member churches and organizations to act on common issues relating to Christianity in India.
Prime Minister of Qatar
The Prime Minister of the State of Qatar (Arabic: رئیس الوزراء القطري) is the head of government of Qatar, and technically the second most powerful official in the country after the Emir, who in practice holds all power and authority.

Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar since the coup d'état of 1972, was the first holder of this position from its establishment in 1970. He served as prime minister until the coup of June 1995, when he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.

In March 2023, emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani replaced Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani with his minister of foreign affairs, current prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani.

Emir of Qatar
The Emir of the State of Qatar (Arabic: أمير دولة قطر) is the monarch and head of state of Qatar. The emir is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and guarantor of the constitution. The emir holds the most powerful position in the country, controlling all branches of state power, and has a prominent role in foreign relations.

The emirs are members of the House of Thani (Al Thani), whose origins are in the Banu Tamim, one of the largest tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. The current ruler is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who succeeded on 25 June 2013.
Ministry of Defence (Italy)
The Ministry of Defence (Italian: Ministero della Difesa, or MDD) is the government body of the Italian Republic responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces. It is led by the Italian Minister of Defence, a position occupied by Guido Crosetto since October 2022.

The Ministry of Defence was created in 1947 by the merger of the Ministry of War, Ministry of the Navy, and Ministry of Aeronautics under the De Gasperi III Cabinet.

The first Minister of Defence was Luigi Gasparotto.

Italian Armed Forces
The Italian Armed Forces (Italian: Forze armate italiane, pronounced [ˈfɔrtse arˈmaːte itaˈljaːne]) encompass the Italian Army, the Italian Navy and the Italian Air Force. A fourth branch of the armed forces, known as the Carabinieri, take on the role as the nation's military police and are also involved in missions and operations abroad as a combat force. Despite not being a branch of the armed forces, the Guardia di Finanza is organized along military lines.

These five forces comprise a total of 340,885 men and women with the official status of active military personnel, of which 167,057 are in the Army, Navy and Air Force. The President of Italy heads the armed forces as the President of the High Council of Defence established by article 87 of the Constitution of Italy. According to article 78, the Parliament has the authority to declare a state of war and vest the powers to lead the war in the Government.
Gender-neutral language
Gender-neutral language  is language that avoids reference towards a particular sex or gender. In English, this includes use of nouns that are not gender-specific to refer to roles or professions, formation of phrases in a coequal manner, and discontinuing the collective use of male or female terms.  A related term  is gender-inclusive language.

For example, the words policeman and stewardess are gender-specific job titles; corresponding gender-neutral terms are police officer and flight attendant. Some terms, such as chairman, that contain the component -man but have traditionally been used to refer to persons regardless of sex are now seen by some as gender-specific. An example of forming phrases in a coequal manner would be using husband and wife instead of man and wife. Examples of discontinuing the collective use of terms in English when referring to those with unknown or indeterminate gender as singular they, and using humans, people, or humankind, instead of man or mankind.

Gender neutrality
Gender neutrality (adjective form: gender-neutral), also known as gender-neutralism or the gender neutrality movement, is the idea that policies, language, and other social institutions (social structures and gender roles) should avoid distinguishing roles according to people's sex or gender. This is to avoid discrimination arising from the impression that there are social roles for which one gender is more suited than another. The disparity in gender equality throughout history has had a significant impact on many aspects of society, including marketing, toys, education and parenting techniques. To increase gender neutrality in recent years, there has been a societal emphasis on using inclusive language and advocating for equality.
Vojko Herksel Cup
The Vojko Herksel Cup was an annual basketball club competition held between 2006 and 2010. The last Vojko Herksel Cup season was held during 2010. The cup is 2007 renamed in honor of the former director Adriatic League Vojko Herksel, who died in 2007, which contributed to the development of women's basketball.

WABA League
WABA League, commonly known as the Adriatic League, is a top-level regional basketball league, featuring female teams from Serbia, Montenegro, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Croatia. Clubs from Turkey, North Macedonia, Hungary and Italy had their representatives in WABA League in past seasons. Since 2012 a Cadet WABA League and since 2014 Pionir WABA League is also played.
Jana Wissmann
Jana Marie Wissmann (née Duggar; born January 12, 1990) is a former American television personality. She is known for her appearances on TLC as part of the reality television shows 19 Kids and Counting (2008–2015) and Counting On (2015–2021).

Counting On
Counting On (formerly Jill & Jessa: Counting On) is an American reality television show that aired on the cable channel TLC from 2015 to 2020. A spin-off show of 19 Kids and Counting, it features the Duggar family: Jessa Seewald, Jinger Vuolo, Joy-Anna Forsyth, and fifteen of their sixteen siblings, as well as their parents Jim Bob and Michelle. The show was created in the wake of the molestation scandal concerning Josh Duggar and subsequent cancellation of 19 Kids and Counting.

The show follows the lives of the older Duggar offspring, with the early episodes focusing specifically on Jill Dillard and Jessa Seewald. After its first season, the show expanded to include the rest of the Duggar siblings and their respective families.  The series was cancelled in 2021, due to Josh Duggar's arrest for receiving and possessing child pornography.
Thomas Parr Monument
The Thomas Parr Monument (Indonesian: Tugu Thomas Parr) is a monument located in Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia and dedicated to Thomas Parr, the British Resident of Bengkulu who was killed in 1807. Constructed the year after his death, it is considered a cultural property of Indonesia.

Bengkulu (city)
Bengkulu, formerly Bencoolen (Dutch: Benkoelen) is the capital of the Indonesian province of Bengkulu. The city is the second largest city on the west coast of Sumatra Island after Padang. Previously this area was under the influence of the kingdom of Inderapura and the Sultanate of Banten. The city also became the place of exile of Sukarno from 1939 to 1942. It covers an area of 151.70 km2 and had a population of 308,544 at the 2010 Census and 373,591 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 397,321 (comprising 200,601 males and 196,720 females). The city is the only city in Bengkulu Province.
General Electric GE36
The General Electric GE36 was an experimental aircraft engine, a hybrid between a turbofan and a turboprop, known as an unducted fan (UDF) or propfan. The GE36 was developed by General Electric Aircraft Engines, with its CFM International equal partner Snecma taking a 35 percent share of development. Development was cancelled in 1989.

Propfan
A propfan, also called a propjet, an open rotor engine, or an open fan engine, is an aircraft engine combining features of turbofans and turboprops. It uses advanced, curved propeller blades without a duct.  Propfans first started prototype testing in the 1970s, aiming to combine the speed capability of turbofans with the fuel efficiency of turboprops, especially at high subsonic speeds. However, they have never proceeded beyond testing, never going into commercial use. Over the decades, different efforts to perfect the concept have used names like "open rotor" and "ultra-high-bypass (UHB) turbofan".
San Cristóbal, Old San Juan
San Cristóbal is one of the seven subbarrios of the San Juan Antiguo barrio in the municipality of San Juan in Puerto Rico. San Cristóbal, named after Castillo San Cristóbal, is one of the six subbarrios which form part of the Old San Juan Historic District. Half of La Perla is located within the borders of the San Cristóbal subbarrio, the other half is located in the neighboring subbarrio, Mercado.

La Perla, San Juan, Puerto Rico
La Perla is a historic neighborhood located in the northern historic city of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, stretching about 650 yards (600 m) along the rocky Atlantic coast immediately east of the Santa Maria Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery and down the slope from (north of) Calle Norzagaray.

La Perla was established in the 18th century. Initially, the area was the site of a slaughterhouse because the law required the homes of slaves and homeless black and coloured servants – as well as cemeteries – to be established away from the main community center: in this case, outside the city walls. Sometime after, some of the farmers and workers started living around the slaughterhouse and shortly thereafter established their houses there.
Associação Macaé de Basquete
Associação Macaé de Basquete, or simply Macaé Basquete, is a Brazilian professional basketball team that is headquartered in Macaé, Brazil. The team was founded with the priority of reaching the top-tier level league in the country, the Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB), which it eventually accomplished.

Novo Basquete Brasil
Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB; English: New Basketball Brazil) is the Brazilian premier professional men's basketball league. It is organized by the Liga Nacional de Basquete (LNB; English: National Basketball League), in a new format of Brazil's previous top-tier level basketball competition, the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete (Brazilian Basketball Championship). The NBB is managed by the Brazilian basketball associations, which were founding members of the LNB.
Cephalopod ink
Cephalopod ink is a dark-coloured or luminous ink released into water by most species of cephalopod, usually as an escape mechanism. All cephalopods, with the exception of the Nautilidae and the Cirrina (deep-sea octopuses), are able to release ink to confuse predators.

The ink is released from the ink sacs (located between the gills) and is dispersed more widely when its release is accompanied by a jet of water from the siphon. Its dark colour is caused by its main constituent, melanin. Each species of cephalopod produces slightly differently coloured inks; generally, octopuses produce black ink, squid ink is blue-black, and cuttlefish ink is a shade of brown.

A number of other aquatic molluscs have similar responses to attack, including the gastropod clade known as sea hares.

Sepia (color)
Sepia is a reddish-brown color, named after the rich brown pigment derived from the ink sac of the common cuttlefish Sepia. The word sepia is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek word σηπία (sēpía), meaning cuttlefish.
Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.

Cognomen
A cognomen (Latin: [kɔŋˈnoːmɛn]; pl.: cognomina; from co- "together with" and (g)nomen "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became hereditary. Hereditary cognomina were used to augment the second name, the nomen gentilicium (the family name, or clan name), in order to identify a particular branch within a family or family within a clan. The term has also taken on other contemporary meanings.
Firefighters Corps of Acre State
The Military Firefighters Corps of Acre State (Portuguese: Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Acre) is the Military Firefighters Corps in Acre, Brazil. The Firefighters Corps (Portuguese: Corpo de Bombeiros) is part of the structure of the government. It was effectively created in 1974 alongside the Military Police.

The mission of the Firefighters Corps is the implementation of activities of Civil Defense, prevention and firefighting, search and rescue, and public assistance under the State of Acre. The unit is reserve troop and auxiliary force of the Brazilian Army, and integrating the system public security and social protection in Brazil.

Military Firefighters Corps
In Brazil, the Military Firefighters Corps (Portuguese: Corpo de Bombeiros Militar) are military public security forces, responsible for civil defense, firefighting and search and rescue inside the federative units. Since 1915, it has been a military reserve force and an auxiliary force of the Brazilian Army, also composing the Single System of Public Security (Brazilian Portuguese: Sistema Único de Segurança Pública). Members of the Military Firefighters Corps, such as the members of the Military Police, are designated as being part of the military of the Federative Units by the Federal Constitution.

Each Federative Unit has its own Military Firefighters Corps with different structures, rules and uniforms.
What If? (essays)
What If?, subtitled The World's Foremost Military Historians Imagine What Might Have Been, also known as What If? The World's Foremost Historians Imagine What Might Have Been, is an anthology of twenty essays and fourteen sidebars dealing with counterfactual history. It was published by G.P. Putnam's Sons in 1999, ISBN 0-399-14576-1, and this book as well as its two sequels, What If? 2 and What Ifs? of American History, were edited by Robert Cowley.  It was later combined with What If? 2 to form The Collected What If?.

Cowley decided to create the book after several "What if?" articles were published in the Military History Quarterly, which he edits, and received much attention.

What Ifs? of American History
What Ifs? of American History, subtitled Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been, is a collection of seventeen essays dealing with counterfactual history regarding the United States. It was published by G.P. Putnam's Sons in 2003, ISBN 0-399-15091-9, and this book as well as its two predecessors, What If? and What If? 2, were edited by Robert Cowley.
Long-Term Pavement Performance
Long-Term Pavement Performance Program, known as LTPP, is a research project supported by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to collect and analyze pavement data in the United States and Canada. Currently, the LTPP acquires the largest road performance database.

Federal Highway Administration
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation.  The agency's major activities are grouped into two programs, the Federal-aid Highway Program and the Federal Lands Highway Program. Its role had previously been performed by the Office of Road Inquiry, Office of Public Roads and the Bureau of Public Roads.
Hokubei Mainichi Newspaper
Hokubei Mainichi Newspaper, more usually known as Hokubei Mainichi (北米毎日 "North America Daily"), was a Japanese language newspaper published from 1948 to 2009. It was Northern California’s only Japanese American bilingual newspaper after the closure of the Nichi Bei Times on September 10, 2009. It was published by Hokubei Mainichi, Inc. (北米毎日新聞社 Hokubei Mainichi Shinbun Sha), headquartered in San Francisco.

Nichi Bei Times
The Nichi Bei Times (日米タイムズ Nichi Bei Taimuzu) is a Japanese American news agency operated by the Nichi Bei Foundation and headquartered in San Francisco. As of 2009 it was the oldest Japanese American newspaper in Northern California.

Historically the Nichi Bei Times was a daily bilingual English-Japanese newspaper, while from 2006 to 2009 it was published four times weekly, with Japanese editions on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays and English editions on Thursdays. On September 30, 2009, the newspaper stopped publication. Despite the end of the printed newspaper Nichi Bei Foundation continues to publish news digitally on its website.
Beatriz de Bobadilla y Ossorio
Beatriz de Bobadilla y Ulloa-Ossorio (1462 – 1504) was the daughter of Juan de Bobadilla and named after her cousin Beatriz de Bobadilla. Beatriz de Bobadilla y Ossorio was married to the ruler of the La Gomera and El Hierro islands, Lord Hernán Peraza the Younger and after his death she succeeded him as ruler.

Hernán Peraza the Younger
Hernán (or Fernán) Peraza de Ayala, (Seville, c. 1450 - San Sebastián de La Gomera, 1488), also known as Hernán/Fernán Peraza The Younger (“el Joven”) or The Groom (“el Mozo”) to distinguish him from his grandfather, was a nobleman and Castilian conquistador who participated in the European conquest of the Canary Islands in the 15th century.

Peraza was also the territorial lord of the islands of La Gomera and El Hierro.
Height adjustable suspension
Height adjustable suspension is a feature of certain automobile suspension systems that allow the motorist to vary the ride height or ground clearance. This can be done for various reasons including giving better ground clearance over rough terrain, a lower ground clearance to improve performance and fuel economy at high speed, or for stylistic reasons. Such a feature requires fairly sophisticated engineering.

Height adjustment is most often achieved by air or oil compression used for the "springs" of the vehicle –  when the pressure is varied, the vehicle body rises or lowers.

Air suspension
Air suspension is a type of vehicle suspension powered by an electric or engine-driven air pump or compressor. This compressor pumps the air into a flexible bellows, usually made from textile-reinforced rubber. Unlike hydropneumatic suspension, which offers many similar features, air suspension does not use pressurized liquid, but pressurized air. The air pressure inflates the bellows, and raises the chassis from the axle.
Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili
Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, 1st Prince of San Martino al Cimino and Valmontone (21 February 1622 – 26 July 1666) was an Italian Catholic cardinal and nobleman of the Pamphili family. His name is often spelled with the final long i orthography; Pamphilj.

Pamphili family
The House of Pamphili (often with the final long i orthography, Pamphilj) was one of the papal families deeply entrenched in Catholic Church, Roman and Italian politics of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Later, the Pamphili family line merged with the Doria and Landi family lines to form the Doria-Pamphili-Landi family line.
Mules (train)
The Kansas City Mule and St. Louis Mule were a pair of 283-mile (455 km) passenger trains operated by Amtrak running between St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri as part of the Missouri Service train network. Also operating over this route was the Ann Rutledge, which originated in Chicago. In January 2009, Amtrak consolidated these trains under the name Missouri River Runner.

Ann Rutledge (train)
The Ann Rutledge was a  passenger train service operated by Amtrak running between St. Louis, Missouri, and Kansas City, Missouri, as part of the Missouri Services brand. In 2009 Amtrak consolidated the Ann Rutledge, Kansas City Mule, and the St. Louis Mule under the new name Missouri River Runner.
Module homomorphism
In algebra, a module homomorphism is a function between modules that preserves the module structures. Explicitly, if M and N are left modules over a ring R, then a function  is called an R-module homomorphism or an R-linear map if for any x, y in M and r in R,

In other words, f is a group homomorphism (for the underlying additive groups) that commutes with scalar multiplication. If M, N are right R-modules, then the second condition is replaced with

The preimage of the zero element under f is called the kernel of f. The set of all module homomorphisms from M to N is denoted by . It is an abelian group (under pointwise addition) but is not necessarily a module unless R is commutative.

The composition of module homomorphisms is again a module homomorphism, and the identity map on a module is a module homomorphism. Thus, all the (say left) modules together with all the module homomorphisms between them form the category of modules.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.