hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.

Pool Department
Pool (Kongo: Mpumbu, Nsundi, Mbula Ntangu) is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the southeastern part of the country. It borders the departments of Bouenza, Lékoumou, and Plateaux. Internationally, it borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It also surrounds the commune district of the national capital, Brazzaville.

The regional capital is Kinkala. Principal towns include Boko, Kindamba and Mindouli. In the early 2000s, the Pool region was the home of a low-level insurgency led by Pasteur Ntumi. The inhabitants of this department are the Kongo, the Téké and the Native population (Pygmies).

The region is named after the Pool Malebo (formerly Stanley Pool), a particularly wide stretch of the Congo River.
Madison Bartlett
Madison Bartlett (born 5 December 1994) is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for the Canberra Raiders in the NRL Women's Premiership.

She is a New Zealand and New Zealand 9s representative.

New Zealand women's national rugby league team
The New Zealand women's national rugby league team, also known as the Kiwi Ferns or New Zealand Kiwi Ferns, represents New Zealand in women's rugby league. They are administered by the New Zealand Rugby League.

New Zealand won the Women's Rugby League World Cup in 2000, 2003 and 2008.
U.S. Route 287 in Montana
U.S. Route 287 (US 287) is a 281.183-mile (452.520 km) north-south U.S. Numbered Highway in Montana, United States, that connects Yellowstone National Park's West Entrance to U.S. Route 89 in Choteau, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canadian border.

Interstate 90 in Montana
Interstate 90 (I-90) is an east–west transcontinental Interstate Highway across the northern United States, linking Seattle to Boston. The portion in the state of Montana is 552.54 miles (889.23 km) in length, passing through 14 counties in central and southern Montana. It is the longest segment of I-90 within a single state.
Balao-class submarine
The Balao class is a design of United States Navy submarines that was used during World War II, and with 120 boats completed, the largest class of submarines in the United States Navy. An improvement on the earlier Gato class, the boats had slight internal differences. The most significant improvement was the use of thicker, higher yield-strength steel in the pressure hull skins and frames, which increased their test depth to 400 feet (120 m). A Balao-class submarine, the USS Tang actually exceeded the maximum on their depth gauge of 612 ft (187 m) in 1944,
when taking on water in the forward torpedo room while evading a destroyer.

USS Becuna
USS Becuna (SS/AGSS-319), a Balao-class submarine in commission from 1944 to 1969, was a submarine of the United States Navy named for the becuna, a pike-like fish of Europe. During World War II, she conducted five war patrols between 23 August 1944 and 27 July 1945, operating in the Philippine Islands, South China Sea, and Java Sea. She is credited with sinking two Japanese tankers totaling 3,888 gross register tons.

After World War II, Becuna operated as part of the United States Pacific Fleet from 1945 to 1949. She served in the United States Atlantic Fleet from 1949 to 1969, primarily as a training ship, although she also made two deployments with the United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea.

After her decommissioning, Becuna was designated a National Historic Landmark for her service in World War II. She became a museum ship at the Independence Seaport Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Bibliography of English criminal law
This is a bibliography of English criminal law.  The main statements of current law are set out in:

Smith, Hogan and Ormerod's Criminal Law

Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice

Blackstone's Criminal Practice

Criminal Law Review

Criminal Appeal Reports

Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing)

The Criminal Law Review
The Criminal Law Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Sweet & Maxwell covering the full spectrum of criminal law and criminal justice, with a primary focus on the law of England and Wales. It is the leading journal of criminal law in England and Wales providing both scholarly analysis and practitioner updates. The journal holds significant influence in both academic and professional circles, and is curated to "keep criminal lawyers up to date with new developments in law and practice" while also advancing scholarly debate. The editor-in-chief is Hannah Quirk (King’s College London).
Lloyd Doesburg
Lloyd Doesburg (29 April 1960 – 7 June 1989) was a Surinamese football goalkeeper. During his career he served Elinkwijk, Vitesse, Excelsior Rotterdam and Ajax. He died at the age of 29, when on 7 June 1989 he was killed in the Surinam Airways Flight PY764 air crash in Paramaribo.

Surinam Airways Flight 764
Surinam Airways Flight 764 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in the Netherlands to Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport in Suriname on a Surinam Airways DC-8-62. On 7 June 1989, the flight crashed during approach to Paramaribo-Zanderij, killing 178 of the 187 on board. It is the deadliest aviation disaster in Suriname's history.

Investigation revealed significant deficiencies in the crew's training and judgement. They knowingly attempted to land using an inappropriate navigation signal and ignored alarms warning them of an impending crash. The safety issues stemming from the incident were of such concern that the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued safety recommendations to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
Destroyer Squadron 15
Destroyer Squadron 15 is the largest destroyer squadron in the United States Navy consisting of ten Arleigh Burke-class destroyers forward deployed to Yokosuka, Japan.  Commander, Destroyer Squadron 15 also serves as Commander, Task Force 71 which includes command and control of independent Cruiser and Destroyer deployments, U.S. Coast Guard (Title 10) deployments, and a host of Allied and partner Navy surface Combatant deployments to the Western Pacific.

Destroyer squadron
A destroyer squadron is a naval squadron or flotilla usually consisting of destroyers rather than other types of vessel. In some navies other vessels, such as frigates, may be included. In English the word "squadron" tends to be used for larger and "flotilla" for smaller vessels; both may be used for destroyer units. Similar formations are used in non-English-speaking countries, e.g., the "escadrille"—which would translate directly as "squadron"—in France.
Fayolism
Fayolism was a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized the role of management in organizations, developed around 1900 by the French manager and management theorist Henri Fayol (1841–1925). It was through Fayol's work as a philosopher of administration that he contributed most widely to the theory and practice of organizational management.

Henri Fayol
Henri Fayol (29 July 1841 – 19 November 1925) was a French mining engineer, mining executive, author and director of mines who developed a general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism. He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of scientific management. Like his contemporary Frederick Winslow Taylor, he is widely acknowledged as a founder of modern management methods.
Florence, Kansas
Florence is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 394.  The city was named after the daughter of the third Governor of Kansas, Samuel J. Crawford.  It is located at the intersection of U.S. routes 50 and 77 highways.

Marion County, Kansas
Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat is Marion and its most populous city is Hillsboro. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 11,823. The county was named in honor of Francis Marion, a brigadier general of the American Revolutionary War, known as the "Swamp Fox".
Lisbon, Maryland
Lisbon is a census-designated place located in western Howard County in the state of Maryland, United States, located roughly between Baltimore and Frederick and north of Washington, D.C. It is contained in an area of roughly one square mile. Lisbon is located along Interstate 70 and Maryland Route 144 and is home to the first roundabout in Maryland (opened in 1993). It first appeared as a CDP in the 2020 Census with a population of 282.

Maryland Route 144
Maryland Route 144 (MD 144) is a collection of state highways in the U.S. state of Maryland.  These highways are sections of old alignment of U.S. Route 40 (US 40) between Cumberland and Baltimore.  Along with US 40 Scenic, US 40 Alternate, and a few sections of county-maintained highway, MD 144 is assigned to what was once the main highway between the two cities, connecting those endpoints with Hancock, Hagerstown, Frederick, New Market, Mount Airy, Ellicott City, and Catonsville.  MD 144 has seven disjoint sections of mainline highway that pass through the Appalachian Mountains in Allegany and Washington counties and the rolling Piedmont of Frederick, Carroll, Howard, and Baltimore counties.
Chaim Leib Shmuelevitz
Chaim Leib Halevi Shmuelevitz, (Hebrew: חיים לייב שמואלביץ; 1902–1979) — also spelled Shmulevitz — was a member of the faculty of the Mirrer Yeshiva for more than 40 years, in Poland, Shanghai and Jerusalem, serving as Rosh yeshiva during its sojourn in Shanghai from 1941 to 1947, and again in the Mirrer Yeshiva in Jerusalem from 1965 to 1979. He taught, guided, and inspired thousands of disciples throughout his lifetime, by word and deed, with legendary diligence and intensity in Torah study.

Mir Yeshiva (Jerusalem)
The Mir Yeshiva (Hebrew: ישיבת מיר, Yeshivat Mir), known also as The Mir, is an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva in Beit Yisrael, Jerusalem. With over 9,000 single and married students, it is the largest yeshiva in the world. Most students are from Israel and the United States, with many from other parts of the world such as Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Switzerland, Argentina, Australia, Russia, Canada and Panama.
Brewster's Millions
Brewster's Millions is a comedic novel written by George Barr McCutcheon in 1902, originally under the pseudonym of Richard Greaves.

The plot concerns a young man whose grandfather leaves him $1 million in a will, but a competing will from another relative requires he must spend the $1 million in the first year or forfeit a $7 million inheritance from the other relative.

It was adapted into a play in 1906, which opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre on Broadway, and the novel or play has been adapted into films thirteen times.

Brewster's Millions (play)
Brewster's Millions is a play written by Winchell Smith and Byron Ongley, based on the 1902 novel of the same name by George Barr McCutcheon. Producers Frederic Thompson and Elmer "Skip" Dundy staged it on Broadway in 1906. The play is about a young man who must spend a million dollars that he has inherited in order to inherit many millions more.
Curaçao (liqueur)
Curaçao (/ˈkjʊərəsaʊ, -soʊ/ KURE-ə-sow, -⁠soh, Dutch: [kyːraːˈsʌu] ⓘ) is a liqueur flavored with the dried peel of the bitter orange variety laraha, a citrus fruit grown on the Caribbean island of Curaçao.

Curaçao can be sold in numerous forms, though the most common are the orange-hued dry curaçao, and blue curaçao which is dyed bright blue.

Bitter orange
The bitter orange, sour orange, Seville orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange is the hybrid citrus tree species Citrus × aurantium, and its fruit. It is native to Southeast Asia and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world. It is a cross between the pomelo, Citrus maxima, and the wild type mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata. The bitter orange is used to make essential oil, used in foods, drinks, and pharmaceuticals. The Seville orange is prized for making British orange marmalade.
Dutch Song Contest 1995
The Dutch Song Contest 1995 (Dutch: Het Nederlandse Songfestival 1995) was a one-off song competition between regional public broadcasters in the Netherlands. The contest was held on 25 May 1995 at the Muziekcentrum Vredenburg in Utrecht and was hosted by Karin Bloemen. It served as a substitute for the Nationaal Songfestival, the Dutch annual selection show for the Eurovision Song Contest, which was not held that year due to the Netherlands' relegation from the Eurovision Song Contest following an insufficient result in the 1994 edition.

While the competition was not renewed for a second edition, a reworked version of the format was launched in 2023 under the name Regio Songfestival.

Regio Songfestival
The Regio Songfestival (Dutch: [ˈreːɣijoː ˈsɔŋfɛstiˌvɑl]; transl. 'Region[al] Song Contest') was a Dutch song competition between regional public broadcasters. The format of the competition was loosely based on the Eurovision Song Contest and was first used in 1995 under its original title Het Nederlandse Songfestival (transl. 'the Dutch Song Contest'). Every edition featured thirteen original songs that were performed in a live broadcast, each representing a region of the Netherlands. From the competing entries, a winner was determined through a combination of televoting and votes cast by regional juries.
Histogram matching
In image processing, histogram matching or histogram specification is the transformation of an image so that its histogram matches a specified histogram. The well-known histogram equalization method is a special case in which the specified histogram is uniformly distributed.

It is possible to use histogram matching to balance detector responses as a relative detector calibration technique. It can be used to normalize two images, when the images were acquired at the same local illumination (such as shadows) over the same location, but by different sensors, atmospheric conditions or global illumination.

Histogram equalization
Histogram equalization is a method in image processing of contrast adjustment using the image's histogram.

Histogram equalization is a specific case of the more general class of histogram remapping methods. These methods seek to adjust the image to make it easier to analyze or improve visual quality (e.g., retinex).
Fabien Mercadal
Fabien Mercadal (born 29 February 1972) is a French former professional football manager and former player who played as a defender.

After an amateur playing career, he began managing in the fourth tier with Gap, going on to spend one season in Ligue 1 with Caen in 2018–19. He also led Tours, Paris FC, Dunkerque and Quevilly-Rouen in Ligue 2 and had a brief spell in the Belgian First Division A with Cercle Brugge.

Cercle Brugge K.S.V.
Cercle Brugge Koninklijke Sportvereniging (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɛr(ə)klə ˈbrʏɣə ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈspɔrtfəˌreːnəɣɪŋ]) is a Belgian professional football club based in Bruges. They compete in the Belgian Pro League, the top flight of Belgian football. Their matricule number is 12. The club plays home games at the 29,042-seat Jan Breydel Stadium, which they share with fierce rivals Club Brugge. Cercle Brugge won their first national title in 1911, and won two more titles (in 1927 and 1930) before the Second World War. The side also won the Belgian Cup in 1927 and in 1985, and have represented Belgium in European tournaments on several occasions.
Hisham Talaat Moustafa
Hisham Talat Moustafa (Arabic: هشام طلعت مصطفى; born December 9, 1959) is an Egyptian real estate businessman, and former chairman and current head of the real estate branch of the Talaat Moustafa Group. He had been elected in 2004 to the Shura Council. In 2007, his net worth was estimated at US$800 million, with multiple Credit Suisse accounts per Suisse secrets, even after he was arrested in September 2008 and found guilty in May 2009 in the murder of Lebanese singer Suzanne Tamim. His sentence to death by hanging was overturned on a legal technicality. Following a retrial in 2010, he was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. Moustafa was released after nine years in June 2017 after receiving a presidential pardon and returned as chief executive and managing director of Talaat Moustafa Group.

Talaat Moustafa Group
Talaat Moustafa Group Holding SAE (TMGH), is an Egyptian multinational real estate development company. It is the largest listed real estate development company in Egypt. Founded in 2007 as a holding company of pre-existing companies, some of which were founded in the 1970s by the late Talaat Moustafa, and publicly listed on the Egyptian Exchange in 2007.

The group is known for the development of large gated communities, as well as a chain of hotels, where it is one of the top ten  listed real estate developers in Egypt in terms of profits, as well as land, holding over 100,000 acres in Greater Cairo, the largest of any developer by far. Currently, TMG Holding is listed as number 8 in Forbes' Top 50 Listed Companies in Egypt 2023. TMG Holding is the number 1 company in Egypt in terms of sales, exceeding 500 billion Egyptian pounds in 2024.
2013 Monza GP3 Series round
The 2013 Monza GP3 Series round was a GP3 Series motor race held on 7 and 8 September 2013 at Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Italy. It was the seventh round of the 2013 GP3 Series. The race supported the 2013 Italian Grand Prix.

2013 Italian Grand Prix
The 2013 Italian Grand Prix (formally known as the 2013 Formula 1 Gran Premio d'Italia) was a Formula One motor race held on 8 September 2013 at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza in Monza, Italy. The race was the 12th round of the 2013 season, and the 83rd running of the Italian Grand Prix.

Prior to the weekend, Red Bull revealed that Daniel Ricciardo would be driving alongside Sebastian Vettel in 2014, taking over from Mark Webber, who moved to the Porsche Sportscar programme. Furthermore, Felipe Massa announced two days after the race that he would be leaving Ferrari at the end of 2013 after eight years with the team. On the next day, the Scuderia announced that former Ferrari driver and 2007 champion Kimi Räikkönen would take Massa's place.
American University of Iraq, Sulaimani
American University of Iraq, Sulaimani (AUIS) (Kurdish: زانکۆی ئەمریکی لە عێراق، سلێمانی; Arabic: الجامعة الأمريكية في العراق، السليمانية) is a not-for-profit, private institution located in Sulaymaniyah, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The university offers an American-style liberal arts education.

Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (Kurdish: سلێمانی, romanized: Silêmanî; Arabic: السليمانية, romanized: as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Goizha and Qaiwan Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters.

The modern city of Slemani was founded in 1784 by the Ottoman-Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban in Collaboration with Azim Beg and Haji Aziz Bey Aghal Dwanze Swarey Meriwane Jawamer Agha Rangena, who named it after his father Sulayman Pasha. Slemani was the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850.
Jane de Leon
Jane Florence Benitez de Leon (born November 22, 1998) is a Filipino actress. She began her acting career after signing up with Star Magic in 2015. She initially played minor roles in films, made several appearances in drama anthologies and eventually landed supporting roles in Halik (2018) and Ang Probinsyano (2021). Her breakthrough came following her portrayal of the titular role in the series Mars Ravelo's Darna (2022). She has received an Ima Wa Ima Asian Film Festival Award, including nominations for a Metro Manila Film Festival Award and two  PMPC Star Awards for Television.

Darna (2022 TV series)
Mars Ravelo's Darna is a Philippine superhero television series that aired on Kapamilya Channel. The series is based from Mars Ravelo's fictional Philippine superheroine of the same name. Directed by Chito S. Roño, Avel E. Sunpongco, Benedict Mique and Darnel Joy R. Villaflor, it stars Jane de Leon in the title role. It premiered on August 15, 2022, on the network's Primetime Bida line up. The series concluded on February 10, 2023, with a total of two seasons and 130 episodes.
Sasanian defense lines
The defense lines of the Sasanians were part of their military strategy and tactics. They were networks of fortifications, walls, and/or ditches built opposite the territory of the enemies. These defense lines are known from tradition and archaeological evidence.

The fortress systems of the Western, Arabian, and Central Asian fronts were of both defensive and offensive functions.

Defense line
A defense line or fortification line is a geographically recognizable line of troops and armament, fortified and set up to protect a high-value location or defend territory, which is an "area of defense".

A defense line may be based on natural difficult terrain features, such as rivers or marshes, mountain ranges, or coastlines; temporary field fortification works such as trenches; and/or more permanent fortifications such as fortresses and bunkers.

For the offensive army, the goal is to attack or "breach" the weakest part, "the easiest way to split the defense line and move to the depth of defense.
Tampines Group Representation Constituency
The Tampines Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in eastern Singapore. It has five divisions: Tampines Boulevard, Tampines Central, Tampines East, Tampines North and Tampines West, managed by Tampines Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) are Baey Yam Keng, Charlene Chen, David Neo, Masagos Zulkifli and Koh Poh Koon from the People's Action Party (PAP).

Tampines Changkat Single Member Constituency
Tampines Changkat Single Member Constituency is a single-member constituency (SMC) situated in eastern Singapore. It is managed by Tampines Town Council (TTC). The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency is Desmond Choo from the People's Action Party (PAP).