hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Malin Rodgers
Thomas Malin Rodgers (August 1, 1943 — April 12, 2012) was an Atlanta-based businessman and puzzle collector who is remembered as the originator of the Gathering 4 Gardner (G4G) educational foundation, first conceived in 1992. He co-founded G4G with magician and toy inventor Mark Setteducati and UC Berkeley professor Elwyn Berlekamp.  Over the past three decades it hosted 14 biennial conferences for aficionados of the recreational mathematician and Scientific American columnist and writer Martin Gardner. Rodgers also edited 6 volumes of Martin Gardner tribute books, published by AK Peters.  Rodgers' personal physical puzzle collection was legendary.

Elwyn Berlekamp
Elwyn Ralph Berlekamp (September 6, 1940 – April 9, 2019) was a professor of mathematics and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley. Berlekamp was widely known for his work in computer science, coding theory and combinatorial game theory.

Berlekamp invented an algorithm to factor polynomials and the Berlekamp switching game, and was one of the inventors of the Berlekamp–Welch algorithm and the Berlekamp–Massey algorithms, which are used to implement Reed–Solomon error correction.  He also co-invented the Berlekamp–Rabin algorithm, Berlekamp–Zassenhaus algorithm, and the Berlekamp–Van Lint–Seidel graph.
Town Hall Tower
Town Hall Tower (Polish: Wieża ratuszowa) is one of the main focal points of the Main Market Square in the Old Town of Kraków, Poland.

The Tower is the only remaining part of the old Kraków Town Hall (Ratusz, see painting, below) demolished in 1820 as part of the city plan to open up the Main Square. Its cellars once housed a city prison with a Medieval torture chamber.

In 1967, after a complex conservation which underlined its gothic ancestry, the tower was put under the management of the Historical Museum of Kraków.

Historical Museum of Kraków
The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków (Polish: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa) in Kraków, Lesser Poland, was granted the status of an independent institution in 1945. Originally, it was a branch of the Old Records Office of Kraków, in operation from 1899.

The museum's main location is the baroque Krzysztofory Palace.
Touch 'n Go
Touch 'n Go is a contactless smart card system used for electronic payments in Malaysia. The system was introduced in 1997 and is widely used for toll payments on highways, public transportation, parking, and other services. The card is equipped with a radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip that allows users to make payments by simply tapping the card on a reader device. Touch 'n Go cards can be reloaded with funds either online or at designated reload kiosks. The system has become a popular and convenient way for Malaysians to make cashless transactions.

Malaysian Expressway System
The Malaysian Expressway System (Malay: Sistem Lebuh Raya Ekspres Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚高速公路系统) is a network of national controlled-access expressways in Malaysia that forms the primary backbone network of Malaysian national highways. The network began with opening of the Tanjung Malim–Slim River tolled road (part of Federal Route 1) which was opened to traffic on 16 March 1966, followed by the construction of the North–South Expressway (NSE). The system continues to be substantially developed. Malaysian toll road-expressways are built by private companies under the supervision of the government highway authority, Malaysian Highway Authority (abbreviated as MHA; also referred to as Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (LLM) in Malay). While toll-free expressways are built by Malaysian Public Works Department or Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR) in Malay.
Hortensia (orator)
Hortensia (fl. 42 BC), daughter of consul and advocate Quintus Hortensius, earned renown during the late Roman Republic as a skilled orator. She is best known for giving a speech in front of the members of the Second Triumvirate in 42 BC that resulted in the partial repeal of a tax on wealthy Roman women.

Quintus Hortensius
Quintus Hortensius Hortalus (114–50 BC) was a Roman lawyer, an orator and a statesman. Politically he belonged to the Optimates. He was consul in 69 BC alongside Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus. His nickname was Dionysia, after a famous actress. After his retirement Hortensius took up fish-breeding as a hobby. Cicero spoke of him as a Piscinarius – 'fish fancier'.
English Evenings
English Evenings were a British new wave and synth-pop duo that formed in 1983. Signed to UK independent label Safari and major label Warner-Elektra-Atlantic (WEA), they released several singles from 1983 to 1986 and their sole studio album After Dark in 1985.

Safari Records
Safari Records was a British independent record label based in London, England, and operating between 1977 and 1985. Safari Records was formed early in 1977 by Tony Edwards (former co-manager of Deep Purple), Andreas Budde (the son of German music publisher Rolf Budde) and John Craig who previously ran Purple and Oyster Records. With the label's founders living in Paris, Berlin and London respectively, the plan was to develop a pan-European record company that would release pop records. Licensing deals were struck with Teldec in Germany and Disques Vogue in France, in the UK its product was pressed and distributed by Pye and later by Spartan Records. Most notable of the label's acts were Wayne County, The Boys, Toyah and the South Africa's first multiracial band Juluka.
Libertyville, Illinois
Libertyville is a village in Libertyville Township, Lake County, Illinois, United States. It is located 5 miles (8 km) west of Lake Michigan, approximately 40 miles north of the Chicago Loop. As such, it is part of the United States Census Bureau's Chicago combined statistical area (CSA). It is bordered by Gages Lake and Gurnee to the north, Vernon Hills to the south, Mundelein to the west, and Grayslake to the northwest.  The eastern portions of the village border Mettawa, unincorporated Waukegan and Lake Forest, and part of Knollwood CDP. Its 2020 census population was 20,579.

Knollwood, Illinois
Knollwood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 2,221. It is located within Shields Township and Libertyville Township. Knollwood shares a ZIP Code with the neighboring village of Lake Bluff, and children attend Lake Bluff schools. The residents of Knollwood were served by the Knollwood Fire Department until October 2018, after the trustees of the Rockland Fire Protection District ended their relationship with the department. Residents now receive fire protection from the Libertyville and Lake Forest fire departments.
Roy Waldron
Roy J. Waldron (April 3, 1894 – May 15, 1963) was a batboy for the St. Louis Browns before he turned to training Thoroughbred racehorses. He is best known for winning the 1940 Kentucky Derby with Gallahadion, a colt he race conditioned for Ethel V. Mars of chocolate bar fame.

Ethel V. Mars
Ethel Veronica Mars (née Healy; June 1884 – December 25, 1945) was an American businesswoman and racehorse owner. She was Ethel Veronica Healy prior to her marriage in 1910 to Franklin Clarence Mars, the founder of the candy company Mars Inc.

In 1930, she and her husband purchased a 2,800 acre property in Giles County, Tennessee, where they built Milky Way Farm. There, they raised Hereford cattle as well as bred Thoroughbred racehorses which were trained on a racetrack built on the property.
Muhammad Nawaz Khan Allai
Muhammad Nawaz Khan Swati is a current royal Chief of Allai, Pakistani politician and current member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since 2024 representing NA-13 Battagram. Previously he was a member of the National Assembly from 2008 to 2013 and 2018 to 2023. He is the son of famous Nawab of Allai State, Ayub Khan Allai from Swati tribe. Prince reelected in 2024 election as pti candidate from NA 13 Battagram and defeated Qari Muhammad Yousaf of JUI.

NA-13 Battagram
NA-13 Battagram (این اے-13، بٹگرام) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It covers the whole of district Battagram. The constituency was formerly known as NA-22 (Battagram) from 1977 to 2018. The name changed to NA-12 (Battagram) after the delimitation in 2018 and to NA-13 (Battagram) after the delimitation in 2022.
Fred Hollows
Frederick Cossom Hollows (9 April 1929 – 10 February 1993) was a New Zealand–Australian ophthalmologist who became known for his work in restoring eyesight for people in Australia and many other countries through initiatives such as The Fred Hollows Foundation.

The Fred Hollows Foundation
The Fred Hollows Foundation is a non-profit aid organisation based in Sydney, Australia, which was founded in 1992, by eye surgeon Fred Hollows. The foundation focuses on treating and preventing blindness and other vision problems in people and communities. It operates in Australia, South East Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
3rd Ukrainian Front
The 3rd Ukrainian Front (Russian: Третий Украинский фронт, romanized: Tretiy Ukrainskiy front) was a Front of the Soviet Red Army during World War II.

It was founded on 20 October 1943, on the basis of a Stavka order of October 16, 1943, by renaming the Southwestern Front. It included 1st Guards Army, 8th Guards Army, 6th, 12th, and 46th Armies and 17th Air Army. Later it included 5th Shock, 4th and 9th Guards Army, 26th, 27th, 28th, 37th, 57th Army, 6th Guards Tank Army, and the Bulgarian First, Second and Fourth Armies. The Danube Flotilla was assigned to the Front's operational control. This included the 83rd Naval Infantry Brigade.

6th Guards Combined Arms Army
The 6th Guards Combined Arms Army (Russian: 6-я гвардейская общевойсковая армия) is a field army of the Red Army and the Soviet Army that was active with the Russian Ground Forces until 1998 and has been active since 2010 as the 6th Combined Arms Army (MUN в/ч 31807).

It was first formed in August 1939 in the Kiev Special Military District from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).
Bluey (long-lived dog)
Bluey (7 June 1910 – 14 November 1939) was a female Australian Cattle Dog owned by Les and Rosalie Hall of Rochester, Victoria. She holds the Guinness World Record as the oldest verified dog to have ever lived. The record was briefly disputed by Bobi, but Bobi's certification was revoked by Guinness due to the lacking evidence, after veterinarians came forward challenging Bobi's claimed age. Additionally, Bluey's title was also challenged by many other dogs including Max, Chilla, Maggie, and Bella, though they were never verified.

Bobi (dog)
Bobi (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɔˈβi], 11 May 1992 – 21 October 2023) was a male purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo dog cared for by Leonel Costa of Conqueiros, Leiria, Portugal. Bobi was claimed by his caretaker to be the oldest dog to ever live and the first dog on record to reach 30 years. On 2 February 2023, Bobi was certified by Guinness World Records as the oldest living dog, along with being the oldest dog on record to ever live. However, after veterinarians became suspicious of his real age, an investigation was pursued. Once his records were revoked, he was stripped of the title. Bobi died on 21 October 2023, reportedly aged 31 years and 163 days.
T-X program
The T-X program is a United States Air Force development and acquisition program for a new two-seat jet trainer to replace the Northrop T-38 Talon. On 27 September 2018, the US Air Force selected the Boeing/Saab T-X entry to become its trainer aircraft. The new aircraft was given the designation and name "T-7 Red Hawk" in September 2019. The Air Force's initial plan is to purchase 351 T-7s, and has an option to purchase up to 475.

Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk
The Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk, initially known as the Boeing T-X (later Boeing–Saab T-X), is an American–Swedish transonic advanced jet trainer produced by Boeing with Saab. In September 2018, the United States Air Force (USAF) selected it for the T-X program to replace the Northrop T-38 Talon as the service's advanced jet trainer.
Lotteries in Australia
Lotteries in Australia include various lottery related products licensed by The Lottery Corporation, The Lottery Office and Lotterywest Australian lottery companies. Lotteries operators are licensed at a state or territory level, and include both state government-owned, not-for-profit and private sector companies.  Most major Lotteries have now moved into the online marketplace.

The Lottery Office
The Lottery Office is an Australian online lottery operator licensed by the Government of the Northern Territory and allows Australians and New Zealanders to play to win from the draws of the largest lotteries in the world, including US Powerball and Mega Millions. Its parent company, Global Players Network Pty Ltd (GPN), has been licensed and regulated to operate lotteries since 2003.
Louis Carrogis Carmontelle
Louis Carrogis Carmontelle (15 August 1717 – 26 December 1806) was a French dramatist, painter, architect, set designer, author, and designer of one of the earliest examples of the French landscape garden, Parc Monceau in Paris. He also invented the transparent, an early ancestor of the magic lantern and motion picture, for viewing moving bands of landscape paintings.

French landscape garden
The French landscape garden (French: jardin anglais, jardin à l'anglaise, jardin paysager, jardin pittoresque, jardin anglo-chinois) is a style of garden inspired by idealized romantic landscapes and the paintings of Hubert Robert, Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin, European ideas about Chinese gardens, and the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The style originated in England as the English landscape garden in the early 18th century, and spread to France where, in the second half of the 18th century and early 19th century, it gradually replaced the rigidly clipped and geometrical French formal garden (jardin à la française).
Li Shulei
Li Shulei (Chinese: 李书磊; born 21 January 1964) is a Chinese politician who is the current  head of the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.

Li spent most of his career in academia, before being dispatched for a short stint as head of the propaganda department in Fujian, then as head of discipline inspection in Beijing. Li also served as the executive vice president of the Central Party School (ministerial level position) and the deputy executive head of the Publicity Department. He is an important advisor to CCP general secretary and paramount leader Xi Jinping.

Head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
The head of the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the leader of the Publicity Department, a department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

The current head of the Publicity Department is Li Shulei, who is also a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.
East Side Historic District (Saratoga Springs, New York)
The East Side Historic District is a primarily residential neighborhood located east of downtown Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. It is an irregularly shaped area 114 acres (46 ha) in size, extending almost to Saratoga Race Course from the neighborhood of Congress Park.

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was where the city's well-to-do residents built their homes, when the city was one of the country's top resorts, frequented by many of the wealthiest families of the era. Later on it was home to the earliest incarnations of Skidmore College. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Union Avenue Historic District (Saratoga Springs, New York)
Union Avenue Historic District is a historic district in Saratoga Springs, New York.  It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

It includes at least the Congress Park portion of the Canfield Casino and Congress Park, a U.S. National Historic Landmark District.  Union Avenue, which is part of New York State Route 9P, includes a number of stately Victorian homes built in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as buildings owned by Empire State College, some of which were once Skidmore College Buildings. Both the Saratoga Race Course and Yaddo are located on Union Avenue.
Puget Sound Navigation Company
The Puget Sound Navigation Company (PSNC) was founded by Charles E. Peabody in 1898. Today the company operates an international passenger and vehicle ferry service between Port Angeles, Washington, United States and Victoria, British Columbia, Canada on the MV Coho, through its operating company, Black Ball Ferry Line.

MV Coho
The MV Coho is a passenger and vehicle ferry owned and operated by Black Ball Line.  Black Ball's only ferry, Coho carries passengers and cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailers, bicycles, etc. between Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Port Angeles, Washington, United States.

Coho makes between two and four round trips from Port Angeles to Victoria daily, with each crossing taking about 90 minutes and covering 37 kilometers or 20 nautical miles.  The peak summer season has the most trips per day and the winter season the fewest. Passengers are not allowed to access the car deck during the journey.
C. A. Rosetti
Constantin Alexandru Rosetti (Romanian pronunciation: [konstanˈtin alekˈsandru roˈseti]; 2 June 1816 – 8 April 1885) was a Romanian literary and political leader, born in Bucharest into the princely Rosetti family.

Ion C. Brătianu
Ion Constantin Brătianu (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈon brətiˈanu]; 2 June [O.S. 21 May] 1821 – 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1891) was one of the major political figures of 19th-century Romania. He was the son of Dincă Brătianu and the younger brother of Dumitru Brătianu, as well as the father of Ion I. C. Brătianu, Dinu Brătianu and Vintilă Brătianu.
Insurgency in Ecuador
The insurgency in Ecuador is an ongoing armed conflict, involving Armed Militant Communist Guerrilla groups against the government of Ecuador. The most prominent group is the Group of Popular Combatants, the armed wing of the Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador, and the Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun (PCE-SR).

It is related to the Colombian Conflict, and the Peruvian Internal Conflict, with the Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun having ties with other militant groups like Shining Path in Peru.

As of 2006, the PCE-SR have claimed 502 armed actions from 1988 to May 1994.

Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador
The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador (Spanish: Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista del Ecuador) is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in Ecuador, founded August 1, 1964, following a split from the Communist Party of Ecuador.

PCMLE publishes En Marcha, and is an active participant in the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).

In 1978, PCMLE founded the electoral wing Democratic People's Movement (MPD) before it was dissolved and replaced with Popular Unity (UP) in 2014.

The Workers' Party of Ecuador split from the PCMLE in 1996.
Franz von Suppé
Franz von Suppé, born Francesco Ezechiele Ermenegildo de Suppé (18 April 1819 – 21 May 1895) was an Austrian composer of light operas and other theatre music. He came from the Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now part of Croatia). A composer and conductor of the Romantic period, he is notable for his four dozen operettas, including the first operetta to a German libretto. Some of them remain in the repertory, particularly in German-speaking countries, and he composed a substantial quantity of church music, but he is now chiefly known for his overtures, which remain popular in the concert hall and on record. Among the best-known are Poet and Peasant, Light Cavalry, Morning, Noon, and Night in Vienna and Pique Dame.

Dichter und Bauer
Dichter und Bauer (Poet and Peasant) was in 1900, after composer Franz von Suppé's death, made into an operetta in 3 acts using music by him. It premiered, however, as incidental music by Suppé to a Karl Elmar comedy of that name on 24 August 1846 at the Theater an der Wien, in Vienna. Its overture is famous. In 1936, Gustav Quedenfeldt wrote a new libretto based on Suppé's composition version "C".
Bajo Nuevo Bank
Bajo Nuevo Bank, also known as the Petrel Islands (Spanish: Bajo Nuevo, Islas Petrel), is a small, uninhabited reef with some small grass-covered islets, located in the western Caribbean Sea at 15°53′N 78°38′W﻿ / ﻿15.883°N 78.633°W﻿ / 15.883; -78.633, with a lighthouse on Low Cay at 15°51′N 78°38′W﻿ / ﻿15.850°N 78.633°W﻿ / 15.850; -78.633. The closest neighboring land feature is Serranilla Bank, located 110 kilometres (68 miles) to the west.

The reef is currently subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia, Jamaica, and the United States. On 19 November 2012, regarding Nicaraguan claims to the islands, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) found, unanimously, that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over both Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Banks, although the judgment does not analyze or mention the competing claims of Jamaica or the United States.

Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
The Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (Spanish: Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, pronounced [aɾtʃiˈpjelaɣo ðe ˌsan anˈdɾes pɾoβiˈðensja j ˌsanta kataˈlina]), or San Andrés and Providencia, is one of the departments of Colombia. It consists of two island groups in the Caribbean Sea about 775 km (418 nmi; 482 mi) northwest of mainland Colombia, and eight outlying banks and reefs. The largest island of the archipelago and Colombia is called San Andrés and its capital is San Andrés. The other large islands are Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands which lie to the north-east of San Andrés; their capital is Santa Isabel.
Honda Sabre
The Honda Sabre was a motorcycle made by Honda from 1982 to 1985. Two years of the Sabre production run were part of a group of Japanese motorcycles that came to be known as "tariff-busters". The 1984 and 1985 models fell in this class because of the modifications made allowing those models to circumvent the newly passed United States International Trade Commission tariff that placed a heavy tax on import/foreign motorcycles with 700cc or larger engine displacement.

Sabre models and their marketing names were:

VF750S – V45 Sabre (1982–1983)

VF700S – 700 Sabre (1984)

VF700S – Sabre (1985)

VF1100S – V65 Sabre (1984–1985)

Honda Fury
The Honda Fury was the first production chopper from a major motorcycle manufacturer (Honda). In a break with tradition, the Fury was the first chopper to have an anti-lock braking system The Fury's styling has been likened to custom-made choppers from Paul Teutul Sr. or Arlen Ness. The Fury has been sold not only in North America, but internationally as well, although in some markets Honda eschewed the Fury name and offered the bike simply by its model ID: VT1300CX.
George Cabanis
George Edwin Cabanis (September 7, 1815 – February 7, 1892) was an American carpenter and builder from Bigpatch, Wisconsin, who served one term as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly representing Grant County's First Assembly district (the Towns of Harrison, Hazel Green, Jamestown, Paris, Platteville and Smelser).

Smelser, Wisconsin
The Town of Smelser is located in southeastern Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 786 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Bigpatch, Elmo, Georgetown, and Saint Rose are located in the town.