hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ozamiz
Ozamiz, officially the City of Ozamiz (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Ozamiz; Filipino: Lungsod ng Ozamiz), is a component city in the province of Misamis Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 143,620 people making it the most populous city in Misamis Occidental.

Although occasionally spelled as Ozamis in official sources like COMELEC, it is spelled as Ozamiz in Republic Act No. 321, also known as the Ozamiz City Charter Act. In 2005, City Resolution 251-05 was passed to reiterate that it is officially spelled Ozamiz, not Ozamis.

Misamis Occidental
Misamis Occidental (Cebuano: Kasadpang Misamis; Subanen: Sindepan Mis'samis; Maranao: Sedepan Misamis; Filipino: Kanlurang Misamis), officially the Province of Misamis Occidental, is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Its capital is the city of Oroquieta while Ozamiz is the most-populous city. The province borders Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur to the west and is separated from Lanao del Norte by Panguil Bay to the south and Iligan Bay to the east.
Airport Expressway (Beijing)
The Capital Airport Expressway (Chinese: 首都机场高速公路; pinyin: Shǒudū Jīchǎng Gāosù Gōnglù), officially the S12, is a controlled-access highway in Beijing, China, which links central Beijing to the Beijing Capital International Airport. It is just under 20 km in length.

Opened in 1993, the expressway links Sanyuan Bridge (Sanyuanqiao) on the northeastern 3rd Ring Road to Beijing Airport. Another expressway, the 2nd Airport Expressway, was built in 2008 prior to the Beijing Olympics to serve traffic from the city to the airport.

2nd Airport Expressway
The Capital Airport 2nd Expressway (Chinese: 首都机场第二高速公路), officially numbered S51, is a toll expressway that connects eastern Beijing with Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport. It opened on February 29, 2008, just prior to the 2008 Beijing Olympics. It runs for 11.5 km from Yaojiayuan Road in Chaoyang District to Terminal 3. It was built to serve the Terminal 3, and to reduce pressure of Capital Airport Expressway, which has been heavily congested.
Connie Walker (journalist)
Connie Walker (born 1979) is a Canadian First Nations (Okanese Cree) journalist. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Audio Reporting in 2023 for the investigative journalism podcast Stolen: Surviving St. Michael's.

Okanese First Nation
The Okanese First Nation (Cree: ᐅᑭᓃᐢ, okinîs, literal meaning: Little Rose-hip) is a Cree-Saulteaux First Nation band government in Balcarres, Saskatchewan, Canada.

The Okanese First Nation was a signatory to Treaty number four. It is named after a leader named Okanis, who signed the treaty on their behalf, on September 9, 1875. The Nation's population was 104 in 1879. 225 of the 459 members lived on the Nation's Reserve in 1999.

In June 2008 Canwest reported Marie-Anne Day Walker-Pelletier the Chief of the Okanese since 1981, was the longest-serving female Chief in Saskatchewan.
E-selectin
E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is a selectin cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. Like other selectins, it plays an important part in inflammation. In humans, E-selectin is encoded by the SELE gene.

Selectin
The selectins (cluster of differentiation 62 or CD62) are a family of cell adhesion molecules (or CAMs).  All selectins are single-chain transmembrane glycoproteins that share similar properties to C-type lectins due to a related amino terminus and calcium-dependent binding.  Selectins bind to sugar moieties and so are considered to be a type of lectin, cell adhesion proteins that bind sugar polymers.
Tapiroidea
Tapiroidea is a superfamily of perissodactyls which includes the modern tapirs and their extinct relatives. Taxonomically, they are placed in suborder Ceratomorpha along with the rhino superfamily, Rhinocerotoidea. The first members of Tapiroidea appeared during the Early Eocene, 55 million years ago, and were present in North America and Asia during the Eocene. Tapiridae first appeared during the early Oligocene in Europe, and are thought to have originated from the tapiroid family Helaletidae.

Tapir
Tapirs (/ˈteɪpər/ TAY-pər) are large herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk (proboscis). Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America and Southeast Asia. They are one of three extant branches of Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), alongside equines and rhinoceroses. Only a single genus, Tapirus, is currently extant. Tapirs migrated into South America during the Pleistocene epoch from North America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama as part of the Great American Interchange. Tapirs were present across North America, but became extinct in the region at the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago.
Bang Soo-hyun
Bang Soo-hyun (Korean: 방수현; Hanja: 方銖賢; born 13 September 1972) is a former badminton player from South Korea who was one of the world's leading women's singles players of the 1990s. She was a contemporary and rival of Indonesia's Susi Susanti and China's Ye Zhaoying. Noted for a style that combined impressive power and movement, she retired from competition after her victory in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, shortly before her 24th birthday. She was elected to the World Badminton Hall of Fame in 2019.

Ye Zhaoying
Ye Zhaoying (simplified Chinese: 叶钊颖; traditional Chinese: 葉釗穎; pinyin: Yè Zhāoyǐng; born 7 May 1974) is a retired badminton player from Hangzhou, China. Officially ranked as the number one women's singles player in the world for the first time in December 1995, she lost and regained that ranking several times during her career. Her best years as a player overlapped those of the slightly older Susi Susanti and Bang Soo-hyun, in what some see as a "golden" era in women's badminton.

She retired after the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, and in 2002, she started a new career as a golfer, trained at the Tian An Golf Club. She married former Chinese footballer and top-scoring striker Hao Haidong in summer 2019.
Root of penis
In human male anatomy, the radix (/reɪ.dɪks/) or root of the penis is the internal and most proximal portion of the human penis that lies in the perineum. Unlike the pendulous body of the penis, which is suspended from the pubic symphysis, the root is attached to the pubic arch of the pelvis and is not visible externally. It is triradiate in form, consisting of three masses of erectile tissue; the two diverging crura, one on either side, and the median bulb of the penis or urethral bulb. Approximately one third to one half of the penis is embedded in the pelvis and can be felt through the scrotum and in the perineum.

Bulb of penis
The bulb of penis is the proximal/posterior bulged end of the (unpaired median) corpus spongiosum penis. Together with the two crura (one crus on each side of the bulb), it constitutes the root of the penis. It is covered by the bulbospongiosus.

Proximally/posteriorly, the bulb of penis extends towards the perineal body. The bulb exhibits a slight yet palpable midline notch upon its inferior aspect.

The male urethra enters the penis at the superior aspect of the anterior part of the bulb (most of the bulb is thus situated inferoposteriorly to the urethra), and the arteries of bulb of penis enter near the urethra.

The bulb of penis is supported by the erectile tissue  of the corpus cavernosum.
Maid café
Maid cafés (Japanese: メイド喫茶 or メイドカフェ, Hepburn: meido kissa or meido kafe) are a subcategory of cosplay restaurants found predominantly in Japan and Taiwan. In these cafés, waitresses, dressed in maid costumes, act as servants and treat customers as masters (and mistresses), as if they were in a private home, rather than as café patrons. The first permanent maid café, Cure Maid Café, was established in Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan, in March 2001, and they have since become popular across the country. Increased competition drove the cafés to employ more diversified themes, gimmicks, and even unusual tactics to attract customers. They have also expanded overseas to several countries, including the United States.

French maid
French maid was a term applied in the Victorian and early 20th-century periods to a lady's maid of French nationality. A lady's maid was a senior servant who reported directly to the lady of the house, and accompanied her mistress on travel. She helped her mistress with her appearance, including make-up, hairdressing, clothing, jewellery, and shoes, and sometimes served as confidante. A French maid was considered likely to be more expert in current fashions, and was also able to apply her knowledge of the French language when travelling in Europe.
Europe Netball Open Challenge
The Europe Netball Open Challenge is an international netball tournament organised by Europe Netball. It was originally known as the European Netball Festival and later as the Netball Europe Open Challenge. It mainly features second level national netball teams affiliated to Europe Netball. It has also included guest teams from outside Europe. Europe's top level teams play in the Netball Europe Open Championships. The Republic of Ireland are the competition's most successful team. Other winners have included  Grenada, the Isle of Man, Northern Ireland and the United Arab Emirates.

Netball Europe Open Championships
The Netball Europe Open Championships was an international netball tournament organised by Netball Europe. It was originally known as the FENA Open. It was sometimes referred to as the  European Netball Championship. Its main four participants were England,  Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England were the competitions most successful team, winning nearly every tournament. Later tournaments also featured guest teams from outside Europe such as Fiji, South Africa and Trinidad and Tobago. Second-level teams affiliated to Europe Netball compete in the Europe Netball Open Challenge.
Brock Purdy
Brock Richard Purdy (born December 27, 1999) is an American professional football quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa State Cyclones and was selected by the 49ers with the final pick in the 2022 NFL draft, becoming that year's Mr. Irrelevant.

Purdy began his rookie season in the NFL as the third-string quarterback but took the starting role following injuries to Trey Lance and Jimmy Garoppolo. Winning all five regular-season games that he started, Purdy played a key role in the 49ers securing a division title and an NFC Championship Game appearance. Purdy continued as the 49ers' starting quarterback in the 2023 season, where he led them to a repeat division title and led the league in multiple passing categories before an appearance in Super Bowl LVIII. Purdy also set the franchise's single season passing yards record and earned his first Pro Bowl selection.

Trey Lance
Trey Aubrey Lance (born May 9, 2000) is an American professional football quarterback for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the North Dakota State Bison, winning the Walter Payton and Jerry Rice Awards as a freshman en route to a victory in the 2020 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game. Lance was selected third overall by the San Francisco 49ers in the 2021 NFL draft, but limited play and injuries led to him being traded after two seasons to the Dallas Cowboys. Lance spent two seasons as a backup with the Cowboys before signing with the Chargers in 2025.
Giant guitarfish
The giant guitarfish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis), also known as the whitespotted wedgefish, is a large species of guitarfish in the family Rhinidae. It is restricted to the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and western Indian Ocean, but was formerly considered more widespread due to confusion with its relatives.

Rhynchobatus
Rhynchobatus (from Ancient Greek ῥύγχος (rhúnkos), meaning "snout", and βάτος (bátos), meaning "ray") is a genus of rays commonly known as wedgefishes in the family Rhinidae. They are found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific with a single species (R. luebberti) in the eastern Atlantic. All species in this genus (excluding R. palpebratus) are assessed as Critically Endangered by IUCN.

The species are superficially similar and have often been confused. The various species can generally be separated by a combination of snout shape, vertebral count and exact colour (distribution of white spots, and presence/absence of a black spot at the base of the pectoral fin). The largest species can reach about 3 m (10 ft) and are among the largest species of Rhinopristiformes, but the smallest reach less than one-third of that size.
Frá dauða Sinfjötla
Frá dauða Sinfjötla ("On the death of Sinfjötli") is a short prose piece found in the Codex Regius manuscript of the Poetic Edda. It describes the death of Sinfjötli, son of Sigmundr, connecting Helgakviða Hundingsbana II and Grípisspá.

Borghildr, wife of Sigmundr, wanted Sinfjötli, her stepson, dead, as Sinfjötli had killed her brother. Now it is said, that Sigmundr was so tough, that he could withstand any kind of poison, but his sons could only tolerate it on their skins. Borghildr gave them ale, which Sinfjötli recognized as poisoned. He excused himself for two rounds, but when she brought him the third horn, his father, now drunk, said: "Let your beard filter it, son!" Sinfjötli drank and died at once.

The piece is normally published in editions of the Poetic Edda.

Poetic Edda
The Poetic Edda is the modern name for an untitled collection of Old Norse anonymous narrative poems in alliterative verse.  It is distinct from the closely related Prose Edda, although both works are seminal to the study of Old Norse poetry. Several versions of the Poetic Edda exist; especially notable is the medieval Icelandic manuscript Codex Regius, which contains 31 poems.
Harman International
Harman International Industries, Inc., commonly known as Harman, is an American audio electronics company. Since 2017, the company has been operating as an independent subsidiary of Samsung Electronics.

Headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, US, it has its own executive leadership team. Harman maintains major operations in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Harman markets its products under various brands, including AKG, AMX, Arcam, Bang & Olufsen, Becker, Boston Acoustics, Bowers & Wilkins, BSS Audio, Classé, Crown, dbx, Definitive Technology, Denon, DigiTech, Harman Kardon, HEOS, Infinity, JBL, Lexicon, Mark Levinson, Marantz, Martin, Polk Audio, Revel, Soundcraft and Studer.

Revel Audio
Revel is an American manufacturer and distributor of high-end luxury audio loudspeakers. Since 2002 it has been owned by Harman International Industries, a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics since 2017. The company is based in Stamford, Connecticut, United States.
Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi
The Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi is a Catholic religious congregation for women founded in 1849. The motherhouse is in St. Francis, Wisconsin, in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee.

The Sisters share their original founders with daughter congregations the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration and the Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist.

Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration
The Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration (FSPA) is a Roman Catholic religious congregation for women whose motherhouse, St. Rose of Viterbo Convent, is in La Crosse, Wisconsin, in the Diocese of La Crosse. The Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration founded Viterbo University and staffed Aquinas High School in La Crosse. The congregation traces its roots to 1849.
Murder in Peyton Place
Murder in Peyton Place is a 1977 American made-for-television mystery-drama film directed by Bruce Kessler. The film is based on the 1964–1969 TV series Peyton Place and it was billed as a reunion movie.: 363  It first aired on NBC Monday Night at the Movies on October 3, 1977. It focuses on the mysterious deaths of Rodney Harrington and Allison MacKenzie, as well as a diabolical plot of a powerful person to ruin the community.

Peyton Place (TV series)
Peyton Place is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on ABC in half-hour episodes from September 15, 1964, to June 2, 1969.

Loosely based upon the 1956 novel of the same name by Grace Metalious, the series was preceded by a 1957 film adaptation. A total of 514 episodes were broadcast, in black-and-white from 1964 to 1966 and in color from 1966 to 1969. The first color episode is episode #268. At the show's peak, ABC ran three new episodes a week. The program was produced by 20th Century Fox Television. A number of guest stars appeared in the series for extended periods, among them Dan Duryea, Susan Oliver, Leslie Nielsen, Gena Rowlands, and Lee Grant (who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama for her role of tough-as-nails Stella Chernak). The series served as the springboard for such performers as Mia Farrow, Ryan O'Neal, Barbara Parkins, Christopher Connelly, David Canary, Mariette Hartley, and Lana Wood.
Stable model semantics
The concept of a stable model, or answer set, is used to define a declarative semantics for logic programs with negation as failure. This is one of several standard approaches to the meaning of negation in logic programming, along with program completion and the well-founded semantics. The stable model semantics is the basis of
answer set programming.

Negation as failure
Negation as failure (NAF, for short) is a non-monotonic inference rule in logic programming, used to derive  (i.e. that  is assumed not to hold) from failure to derive .  Note that  can be different from the statement  of the logical negation of , depending on the completeness of the inference algorithm and thus also on the formal logic system.

Negation as failure has been an important feature of logic programming since the earliest days of both Planner and Prolog. In Prolog, it is usually implemented using Prolog's extralogical constructs.

More generally, this kind of negation is known as weak negation, in contrast with the strong (i.e. explicit, provable) negation.
Cauchy space
In general topology and analysis, a Cauchy space is a generalization of metric spaces and uniform spaces for which the notion of Cauchy convergence still makes sense.  Cauchy spaces were introduced by H. H. Keller in 1968, as an axiomatic tool derived from the idea of a Cauchy filter, in order to study completeness in topological spaces. The category of Cauchy spaces and Cauchy continuous maps is Cartesian closed, and contains the category of proximity spaces.

Proximity space
In topology, a proximity space, also called a nearness space, is an axiomatization of the intuitive notion of "nearness" that applies set-to-set, as opposed to the better-known point-to-set notion that characterizes topological spaces.

The concept was described by Frigyes Riesz (1909) but ignored at the time. It was rediscovered and axiomatized by V. A. Efremovič in 1934 under the name of infinitesimal space, but not published until 1951. In the interim, A. D. Wallace (1941) discovered a version of the same concept under the name of separation space.
2002 United States airtanker crashes
On June 17, 2002, two large airtankers – a Lockheed C-130 Hercules and a Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer – crashed about a month apart while performing aerial firefighting operations. These crashes prompted a review of the maintenance and use of the entire U.S. large airtanker fleet. Ultimately, the whole fleet (33 aircraft in all) was grounded, dramatically reducing the resources available to fight major wildfires. Both aircraft were owned by Hawkins & Powers Aviation of Greybull, Wyoming and operated under contract to the United States Forest Service (USFS). The crashes occurred in one of the worst fire seasons in the last half century, one in which 73,000 fires burned 7.2 million acres (29,000 km2) of land.

Aerial firefighting
Aerial firefighting, also known as waterbombing, is the use of aircraft and other aerial resources to combat wildfires. The types of aircraft used include fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. Smokejumpers and rappellers are also classified as aerial firefighters, delivered to the fire by parachute from a variety of fixed-wing aircraft, or rappelling from helicopters. Chemicals used to fight fires may include water, water enhancers such as foams and gels, and specially formulated fire retardants such as Phos-Chek.
Chicago Medical School
The Chicago Medical School (CMS) is a private medical school 
of Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in North Chicago, Illinois. It was founded in 1912 and obtained approval from the American Medical Association in 1948.

North Chicago, Illinois
North Chicago is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States, and a suburb of the Chicago metropolitan area. The population was 30,759 at the 2020 census making it the third-most populous city by population in the county, after Waukegan and Mundelein.

An industrial center, North Chicago is home to the Great Lakes Naval Training Center and Great Lakes Barracks Military housing. The city is also home to Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, which houses the Chicago Medical School.
Nederlandsch-Indische Handelsbank
The Nederlandsch-Indische Handelsbank (NIHB, lit. 'Dutch [East] Indies Trade Bank') was a Dutch bank established in 1863 to finance trade between the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. During most of the colonial period, it was the second-largest of the “big three” commercial banks, behind the Netherlands Trading Company and ahead of the Nederlandsch-Indische Escompto Maatschappij, that dominated the Dutch East Indies’ financial system alongside the note-issuing Bank of Java.: 703

In 1950 following Indonesian independence, the bank was renamed the Nationale Handelsbank (NHB, lit. 'National Trade Bank'). In 1959, its Indonesian activities were nationalized, and later contributed to the formation of the state-owned Bank Mandiri in 1998. In 1960, the NHB's remaining activities were acquired by the Rotterdamsche Bank, and were subsequently involved in the series of mergers that created ABN AMRO.

Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij
The Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij N.V. (NHM, lit. 'Dutch Trade Society') was a Dutch trading and financial company, established in 1824, in The Hague by King William I to promote and develop trade, shipping and agriculture. For the next 140 years the NHM developed a large international branch network and increasingly engaged in banking operations. In 1964, it merged with Twentsche Bank to form Algemene Bank Nederland, itself a predecessor of ABN AMRO.
The Age of Quarrel
The Age of Quarrel is the debut studio album by the New York hardcore band Cro-Mags. It was originally released on then-independent Profile Records in September 1986. It was subsequently re-released by Another Planet in 1994, along with the band's 1989 follow-up album, Best Wishes, on the same disc.

The video for "We Gotta Know" (directed by guitarist Parris Mayhew) received airplay on MTV at the time (during their alternative music show 120 Minutes and later on Headbangers Ball) and was one of the first-ever clips on MTV to feature slam dancing and crowd surfing.

Best Wishes (Cro-Mags album)
Best Wishes is the second album by the New York hardcore band Cro-Mags. It was released on April 26, 1989 via Profile Records and was subsequently re-released via Another Planet – along with the band's debut album, The Age of Quarrel, on the same disc.

The album's cover reflected the band's interest in the Hare Krishna religion which started with previous singer John Joseph and then carried on through Harley Flanagan who also became a devotee. Their next album, Alpha Omega, saw Joseph's return to the Cro-Mags fold, and an even further gravitation towards a metal sound.