hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Churchill–Bernstein equation
In convective heat transfer, the Churchill–Bernstein equation is used to estimate the surface averaged Nusselt number for a cylinder in cross flow at various velocities.  The need for the equation arises from the inability to solve the Navier–Stokes equations in the turbulent flow regime, even for a Newtonian fluid. When the concentration and temperature profiles are independent of one another, the mass-heat transfer analogy can be employed. In the mass-heat transfer analogy, heat transfer dimensionless quantities are replaced with analogous mass transfer dimensionless quantities.

This equation is named after Stuart W. Churchill and M. Bernstein, who introduced it in 1977. This equation is also called the Churchill–Bernstein correlation.

Nusselt number
In thermal fluid dynamics, the Nusselt number (Nu, after Wilhelm Nusselt: 336 ) is the ratio of total heat transfer to conductive heat transfer at a boundary in a fluid. Total heat transfer combines conduction and convection. Convection includes both advection (fluid motion) and diffusion (conduction). The conductive component is measured under the same conditions as the convective but for a hypothetically motionless fluid. It is a dimensionless number, closely related to the fluid's Rayleigh number.: 466

A Nusselt number of order one represents heat transfer by pure conduction.: 336  A value between one and 10 is characteristic of slug flow or laminar flow. A larger Nusselt number corresponds to more active convection, with turbulent flow typically in the 100–1000 range.

A similar non-dimensional property is the Biot number, which concerns thermal conductivity for a solid body rather than a fluid. The mass transfer analogue of the Nusselt number is the Sherwood number.
Fastweb (telecommunications company)
Fastweb S.p.A. is an Italian telecommunications company that provides fixed and mobile telephony, broadband Internet and IPTV services. It is one of the leading providers of FTTH connections in Italy, and operates as part of Fastweb + Vodafone, a subsidiary of the Swiss telecommunications group Swisscom.

In May 2007, Swisscom acquired a controlling stake of 82.4% in Fastweb for €3 billion. The company later purchased the remaining shares from minority shareholders following a voluntary tender offer in September 2010, after which Fastweb was delisted from the Borsa Italiana.

On December 31, 2024, Swisscom acquired Vodafone Italy with the aim of merging it with Fastweb to form Fastweb + Vodafone. Vodafone Italy will be legally merged into Fastweb on January 1, 2026; however, Fastweb will continue to operate the Vodafone brand separately, which will be gradually phased out by 2029.

Fastweb's main competitors are TIM, Wind Tre and Iliad.

Iliad Italia
Iliad Italia S.p.A. is an Italian telecommunications company, wholly-owned subsidiary of the French group Iliad SA

In December 2022, with 9.56 million active lines, it is the fourth mobile operator in Italy following Wind Tre, TIM and Vodafone.
Tsing Yi station
Tsing Yi is an interchange station of the MTR between the Tung Chung line and Airport Express on Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong. The station is located between Sunny Bay station and Lai King station on the Tung Chung Line, and between Airport station and Kowloon station on the Airport Express. The livery of the station is dull teal. Tsing Yi station is connected to a major interchange for buses and maxicabs, situated adjacent to the station, which serves as a public transport hub for the New Territories. It is embedded into the Maritime Square shopping centre.

Tsing Yi
Tsing Yi (Chinese: 青衣), sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island, is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours, Tsing Yi Lagoon, Mun Tsai Tong, and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed for new towns.

The island is generally zoned into four quarters: the northeast quarter is a residential area, the southeast quarter is Tsing Yi Town, the southwest holds heavy industry, and the northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and some dockyards and ship building industry. The island is in the northwest of Victoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance.
Brett Gallant
Brett Philip Gallant (/ɡəˈlænt/ gə-LANT; born February 18, 1990, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) is a Canadian curler from Chestermere, Alberta. He is the 2026 Milano Cortina Olympic gold medallist, a former World Champion, and 2022 Beijing Olympic bronze medallist. He currently plays second on Team Brad Jacobs.

Brad Jacobs
Bradley Robert Jacobs (born June 11, 1985) is a Canadian curler from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He currently skips his own team out of Calgary, Alberta. He is a 2-time Olympic champion skip, having led Canada to gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2026 Winter Olympics. Jacobs is also the 2013 Tim Hortons Brier and the 2025 Montana's Brier championship skip and the 2013 World Championship runner-up. He is a 12-time Northern Ontario provincial champion, and one-time provincial junior champion.

Jacobs and his 2014 Olympic gold medallist team were well known for their physical fitness. They have been described as "fitness freaks" and were in 2014 "embracing curling's athletic evolution as much or more than any other team", helping to start the movement of more curling athletes embracing fitness and spending equal time "on the curling ice and at the gym".

Jacobs was born in Sault Ste. Marie, the son of Bob and Cynthia Jacobs (née Harnden).
Horizontal pitch
Horizontal pitch (HP) is a unit of length defined by the Eurocard printed circuit board standard used to measure the horizontal width of rack mounted electronic equipment, similar to the rack unit (U) used to measure vertical heights of rack mounted equipment.  One HP is 0.2 inches (5.08 mm) wide.  A standard 19-inch rack is 95 HP wide of which 84 HP is typically usable.  A standard 23-inch rack is 115 HP wide of which 104HP is typically usable.

19-inch rack
A 19-inch rack is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting multiple electronic equipment modules. Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6 mm) wide. The 19 inch dimension includes the edges or ears that protrude from each side of the equipment, allowing the module to be fastened to the rack frame with screws or bolts. Common uses include computer servers, telecommunications equipment and networking hardware, audiovisual production gear, professional audio equipment, and scientific equipment.
Tile drainage
Tile drainage is a form of agricultural drainage system that removes excess sub-surface water from fields to allow sufficient air space within the soil, proper cultivation, and access by heavy machinery to tend and harvest crops. While surface water can be drained by pumping, open ditches, or both, tile drainage is often the most effective means of draining subsurface water.

The phrase "tile drainage" derives from its original composition from ceramic tiles of fired clay, which were similar to terracotta pipes yet not always shaped as pipes. In the 19th century a C-shaped channel tile commonly was placed like an arch atop a flat tile, denominated the "mug" and "sole", respectively. Today, tile drainage is any variation of this original system that functions in the same mode. Commonly HDPE and PVC tubing denominated "tile line" is used, although precast concrete and ceramic tiles are still used.

Drainage system (agriculture)
An agricultural drainage system is a system by which water is drained on or in the soil to enhance agricultural production of crops. It may involve any combination of stormwater control, erosion control, and watertable control.
New Garden, Potsdam
The New Garden (German: Neuer Garten) in Potsdam is a park of 102.5 hectares located southwest of Berlin, Germany, in northern Potsdam and bordering on the lakes Heiliger See and Jungfernsee. Starting in 1787, Frederick William II of Prussia (1744-1797) arranged to have a new garden laid out on this site, and the design and landscaping was carried out by Johann August Eyserbeck, who had previously worked on the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm.

The New Garden, along with the Marmorpalais palace on its grounds and other palaces and parks in Potsdam and Berlin was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 because of its unique unity of architecture and landscaping and its testimony to the power of Prussia in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Marmorpalais
The Marmorpalais (or Marble Palace) is a former royal residence in Potsdam, near Berlin in Germany, built on the grounds of the extensive Neuer Garten on the shores of the Heiliger See. The palace was commissioned by King Frederick William II of Prussia and designed in the early Neoclassical style by the architects Carl von Gontard and  Carl Gotthard Langhans. Despite the name, brick is the main material.  The palace remained in use by the Hohenzollern family until the early 20th century. It served as a military museum under communist rule, but has since been restored and is once again open to the public.
Food Act 2014
The Food Act is a New Zealand Act of Parliament passed in 2014. It came into force on 1 March 2016 and progressively replaced the Food Act 1981 for the next three years.

It was introduced as the Food Bill 160-2 on 26 May 2010 to make some fundamental changes to New Zealand's domestic food regulatory regime. Significantly, for an export led economic recovery for New Zealand, the domestic food regulatory regime is the platform for exports. The New Zealand domestic standard is used as the basis for negotiating equivalence arrangements with trading partners. This minimizes the excessive importing country requirements that may be imposed but which do not go to food safety. If passed into law and fully implemented, it would replace the Food Act 1981 and the Food Hygiene Regulations 1974. Food Bill will also make consequential amendments to the Animal Products Act 1999 and the Wine Act 2003 to improve the interface of regulatory processes across food sectors.

Food Act 1981
The Food Act 1981 was an Act of Parliament in New Zealand. It is administered by the Ministry for Primary Industries.

The Food Act 2014 replaced the Food Act progressively over three years from when it came into force in 2016.
Multinational Division South East (NATO)
Multinational Division South East (HQ MND-SE) is NATO's command and control military body in the South-East region under the Multinational Corps Southeast. The operational control is handled by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR). The headquarters are located in Bucharest, Romania. Established on 31 August 2015, the HQ MND-SE is the restructure of the former Romanian 1st Infantry Division.

Multinational Corps Southeast
The Headquarters Multinational Corps Southeast (HQ MNC-SE) in Sibiu, Romania, is a NATO corps-level command and control structure under the operational control of the Allied Joint Force Command Naples. With Romania as the framework nation, the Corps is integrated within NATO's military command structure.

It was formed on 23 July 2020, and is the second NATO Multinational Corps on the Eastern flank after Multinational Corps Northeast from Poland. The Corps is part of the security architecture on the Eastern flank of the Alliance in the Black Sea region. It is designed to provide corps-level command and control for NATO land operations during crises or war.
Battle of Cherbourg (1864)
The Battle of Cherbourg, or sometimes the Battle off Cherbourg or the Sinking of CSS Alabama, was a single-ship action fought during the American Civil War between the United States Navy warship, USS Kearsarge, and the Confederate States Navy warship, CSS Alabama, on June 19, 1864, off Cherbourg, France.

CSS Alabama
CSS Alabama was a screw sloop-of-war built in 1862 for the Confederate States Navy. She was built in Birkenhead on the River Mersey opposite Liverpool, England, by John Laird Sons and Company. Launched as Enrica, she was fitted out as a cruiser and commissioned as CSS Alabama on August 24, 1862. Under Captain Raphael Semmes, Alabama served as a successful commerce raider, attacking, capturing, and burning Union merchant and naval ships in the North Atlantic, as well as intercepting American grain ships bound for Europe. The Alabama continued through the West Indies and further into the East Indies, destroying over seven ships before returning to Europe. On June 11, 1864, the Alabama arrived at Cherbourg, France, where she was overhauled.  Shortly after, a Union sloop-of-war, USS Kearsarge, arrived; and on June 19,  the Battle of Cherbourg commenced outside the port of Cherbourg, France, whereby the Kearsarge sank the Alabama in approximately one hour after the Alabama's opening shot.
Kwa-di Tabil-class ferry
Kwa-di Tabil-class ferries (kwah-DEE-tah-BALE) is a class of three ferries built for Washington State Ferries to replace the retired Steel Electric-class ferries. Acquired by the State of Washington at an  approximate cost of $213 million, the vessels carry up to 64 vehicles on lower-traffic routes.

In the design stage, the class was called the 100 Vehicle-class and later 64 Vehicle-class ferries.

Steel Electric-class ferry
The Steel Electric-class ferries are a class of auto/passenger ferries that became part of the Washington State Ferry System when Puget Sound Navigation Company was acquired in 1951. They were built in San Francisco Bay for service on Southern Pacific and Northwestern Pacific Railroad routes across the bay.
Iverni
The Iverni (Ἰούερνοι, Iouernoi) were a people of early Ireland, first mentioned in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography as living in the far south-west of the island. He also names a "city" called Ivernis (Ἰουερνίς, Iouernis) in their territory, and observes that this settlement has the same name as the island as a whole, Ivernia (Ἰουερνία, Iouernia). These Iverni are identified with the Érainn (Érnai, Érna), a people attested in Munster and elsewhere in the early Middle Ages. They included the Corcu Loígde, Corcu Duibne, Corcu Baiscind, Múscraige and Déisi, as well as the Dál Fiatach and Dál Riata. Their royal dynasties are sometimes referred to as the Dáirine.

Corcu Loígde
The Corcu Loígde (Corcu Lóegde, Corco Luigde, Corca Laoighdhe, Laidhe), meaning Gens of the Calf Goddess, also called the Síl Lugdach meic Itha, were a kingdom centred in West County Cork who descended from the proto-historical rulers of Munster, the Dáirine, of whom they were the central royal sept. They took their name from Lugaid Loígde "Lugaid of the Calf Goddess", a King of Tara and High King of Ireland, son of the great Dáire Doimthech (a quo Dáirine). A descendant of Lugaid Loígde, and their most famous ancestor, is the legendary Lugaid Mac Con, who is listed in the Old Irish Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig. Closest kin to the Corcu Loígde were the Dál Fiatach princes of the Ulaid.
Battle of Catraeth
The Battle of Catraeth was a legendary battle fought around AD 600 between a force raised by the Gododdin, a Brythonic people of the Hen Ogledd or "Old North" of Britain, and the Angles of Bernicia and Deira. It was evidently an assault by the Gododdin party on the Angle stronghold of Catraeth, perhaps Catterick, North Yorkshire. The Gododdin force was said to have consisted of warriors from all over the Hen Ogledd, and even some from as far afield as Gwynedd in North Wales and Pictland. The battle was disastrous for the Britons, who were nearly all killed. The slain warriors were commemorated in the important early poem Y Gododdin, attributed to Aneirin.

Catterick, North Yorkshire
Catterick (/ˈkætərɪk/) is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, it is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) north-west of the county town of Northallerton just to the west of the River Swale. It lends its name to nearby Catterick Garrison and the nearby hamlet of Catterick Bridge, the home of Catterick Racecourse where the village Sunday market is held. It lies on the route of the old Roman road of Dere Street and is the site of the Roman fortification of Cataractonium.
The More
51°38′02″N 0°26′18″W﻿ / ﻿51.634014°N 0.438408°W﻿ / 51.634014; -0.438408

The More (also known as the Manor of the More) was a 16th-century palace in the parish of Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, England, where Catherine of Aragon lived after the annulment of her marriage to Henry VIII. It had been owned by Cardinal Wolsey. It lay at the northeast corner of the later More Park estate on the edge of the Colne flood plain. The Treaty of the More was celebrated here by Henry VIII and the French ambassadors. In 1527, the French ambassador, Jean du Bellay, thought the house more splendid than Hampton Court. Nothing now remains above ground. The site is a scheduled ancient monument.

Moor Park (house)
Moor Park is a Neo-Palladian mansion set within several hundred acres of parkland to the south-east of Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire, England. It is called Moor Park Mansion because it is in the old park of the Manor of the More, a 16th-century palace. It now serves as the clubhouse of Moor Park Golf Club.

The house is listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England, and the landscaped park is listed Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

The Manor of the More had become a ruin by the early 17th century, and Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford built the original version of this house as a replacement c. 1617. The house was rebuilt by its new owner James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth in the late 1670s, and was inherited by his widow Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch at the time of his death. She sold the house to the businessman Benjamin Haskins-Stiles, who financed a remodeling of the house and the addition of a portico during the 1720s.
Soviet Union at the Hopman Cup
The Soviet Union is a nation that competed at two consecutive Hopman Cup tournaments and first competed in the 2nd Hopman Cup in 1990. The Soviet Union never won a tie and as such never passed the quarterfinal stage of the tournament.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, four of the fifteen independent states formed from the former Soviet Union have competed in the Hopman Cup. These are: Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Additionally, the Commonwealth of Independent States also entered a team into the 1992 event.

Uzbekistan at the Hopman Cup
Uzbekistan is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on one occasion, in 2003. In 2003, Uzbekistan won their qualification play-off but went on to place fourth in group A.

Before its dissolution, Uzbekistan used to form part of the Soviet Union which also competed at the Hopman Cup on two occasions in the early 1990s. Additionally, Uzbekistan is a member of the CIS which entered a team into the 1992 event.

Uzbekistan also participated on one occasion in the now defunct Asian Hopman Cup, a qualifying tournament which ran from 2006 until 2009 and granted the winners entry into the Hopman Cup the following year. The nation competed in 2007 and failed to pass the round robin stage of the tournament, thus denying them entry into the main event in Australia the following year.
Alojzije Palić
Alojzije Palić OFM (Latin: Aloysius Mathaeus Paliq, Albanian: Luigj Paliq; 1877 or 1878 – 7 March 1913) was a Kosovo Croat Franciscan and Catholic priest in Albania and martyr, murdered by Montenegrin soldiers in 1913. He was beatified in Shkodër on 16 November 2024, together with don Ivan Gazula (1893–1927).

Janjevci
Janjevci (pronounced [ˈjaːɲeʋtsi], Albanian: Janjevët, Croatian: Janjevci), Kosovo Croats (Albanian: Kroatët e Kosovës, Croatian: Kosovski Hrvati) or Janjevci Croats (Croatian: Janjevski Hrvati) are a Croat community in Kosovo, inhabiting the town of Janjevo and surrounding villages near Pristina, as well as villages centered on Letnica near Vitia (Šašare, Vrnez, and Vrnavokolo), who are also known as Letničani. They are not officially recognised as a national minority group.

They are considered among the oldest of the Croatian diaspora communities.
Fatal Move
Fatal Move (traditional Chinese: 奪帥; simplified Chinese: 夺帅, released in the United States as Triad Wars) is a 2008 Hong Kong action film written, produced and directed by Dennis Law. The film stars Sammo Hung, Simon Yam and Wu Jing, who reunite after 2005's SPL: Sha Po Lang.

The film focuses on a Triad gang led by brothers Lin Ho-Lung and Lin Ho-Tung (Hung and Yam), which faces a series of double crossings, and violent misfortunes. Danny Lee co-stars in the film, returning in his first feature film role after four years, once again playing a Hong Kong police officer. The film was released on 28 February 2008.

SPL: Sha Po Lang
SPL: Sha Po Lang (Chinese: 殺破狼, released in the United States as Kill Zone) is a 2005 Hong Kong action film directed by Wilson Yip and written by Yip, Szeto Kam-Yuen and Jack Ng. It stars Donnie Yen, Sammo Hung, Simon Yam, and Wu Jing. The film was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 18 November 2005.

Yam portrays a police detective who, suffering from cancer and about to retire, resorts to illegal means in order to catch a ruthless triad boss. The title Sha Po Lang refers to three words derived from Chinese astrology that each represent a different star capable of good or evil depending on their position in the heavens.
Alphaline
Alphaline was a brand introduced by Regional Railways in December 1994 to differentiate certain provincial express trains with enhanced passenger accommodation from general regional and middle-distance services operated by older rolling stock.

Regional Railways
Regional Railways (originally Provincial) was one of three passenger sectors of British Rail. It was created in 1982 and was the most subsidised (per passenger km) of the three sectors; upon formation, its costs were four times its revenue. The sector was broken up into eight franchises during the privatisation of British Rail and ceased to exist on 31 March 1997.
Dickinson County, Michigan
Dickinson County is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,947.  The county seat is Iron Mountain. Dickinson is Michigan's newest county, formed in 1891 from parts of Marquette, Menominee, and Iron counties. It was named for Donald M. Dickinson, who served as U.S. Postmaster General under President Grover Cleveland.

Dickinson County is part of the Iron Mountain, MI–WI micropolitan statistical area.

Menominee County, Michigan
Menominee County (/məˈnɒməni/ mə-NAH-mə-nee) is a county located in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,502. The county seat is Menominee. The county's name comes from an Ojibwe word meaning "wild rice eater" used to describe the Menominee people. The county was created in 1861 from the area partitioned out of Delta County, under the name of Bleeker. When the county government was organized in 1863, the name was changed to Menominee.

Menominee County is part of the Marinette, WI–MI micropolitan statistical area.