hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Salmond
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Maitland Salmond, GCB, CMG, CVO, DSO & Bar (17 July 1881 – 16 April 1968) was a British military officer who rose to high rank in the Royal Flying Corps and then the Royal Air Force. During the First World War he served as a squadron commander, a wing commander and then as General Officer Commanding the RAF on the Western Front towards the end of the war. He went on to be Air Officer Commanding British Forces in Iraq in the early 1920s when he halted a Turkish invasion and sought to put down a Kurdish uprising against King Faisal, the British-sponsored ruler of Iraq. He was Chief of the Air Staff in the early 1930s and bitterly opposed the position taken by British politicians at the World Disarmament Conference in Geneva, which would have led to the UK's complete aerial disarmament. In the event the talks broke down when Adolf Hitler withdrew from the Conference in October 1933.

Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)
Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is the title of the professional head of the Royal Air Force, who is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Air Force Board. The post was created in 1918, with Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard as the first holder. The current and 32nd Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal Sir Harvey Smyth, who succeeded Sir Richard Knighton on 29 August 2025.
William H. Harrison (USMC)
William Hartwell Harrison (October 7, 1896 – August 19, 1955) was a decorated officer of United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted as commanding officer of 11th Marine Regiment during Battle of Peleliu in September 1944. Harrison later commanded the Automotive Section within Service Command, Fleet Marine Force Pacific.

11th Marine Regiment
The 11th Marine Regiment is an artillery regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.  Known as the "Cannon Cockers", the regiment falls under the command of the 1st Marine Division and the I Marine Expeditionary Force. Its primary weapon system is the M777A2 howitzer with a maximum effective range of 30 km, however the 5th Battalion has converted to fire the HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System) weapon system.
Maimonides Midwood Community Hospital
Maimonides Midwood Community Hospital, formerly New York Community Hospital is a 134 bed community hospital in Brooklyn, NY that was founded in 1929 by two brothers, both doctors. The hospital has been renamed several times before becoming part of New York-Presbyterian Hospital in 1997 and whose affiliation ended in 2016. They more recently partnered with Maimonides Medical Center. The hospital, which was described as "One Address, Many Hospitals" due to changing names,
 offers Kosher meals to patients.

Maimonides Medical Center
Maimonides Medical Center is a non-profit, non-sectarian hospital located in Borough Park, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, in the U.S. state of New York. Maimonides is both a treatment facility and academic medical center with 711 beds, and more than 70 primary care and sub-specialty programs. As of August 1, 2016, Maimonides Medical Center was an adult and pediatric trauma center, and Brooklyn's only pediatric trauma center.
Sprinkles
Sprinkles are small pieces of confectionery used as an often colorful decoration or to add texture to desserts such as brownies, cupcakes, doughnuts or ice cream. The tiny candies are produced in a variety of colors and are generally used as a topping or a decorative element. The Dictionary of American Regional English defines them as "tiny balls or rod-shaped bits of candy used as a topping for ice-cream, cakes and other".

Confetti candy
Confetti candy is a confectionery food product that is prepared with cooked sugar and corn syrup that is formed into sheets, cooled, and then cracked or broken into pieces. It has a hard, brittle texture. To add eye appeal, colored sugar is sometimes sprinkled atop after the cooking and shaping process has been performed.

Confetti candy, also known as confetti sprinkles is also a confectionery that consists of flat or disc-shaped candy sprinkles. These are similar to round nonpareils, but are prepared in disc form. It is often used to decorate confectioneries and other sweets.
Me at the zoo
"Me at the zoo" is a YouTube video uploaded on April 23, 2005, recognized as the first video uploaded to the platform. The 19-second video features Jawed Karim, one of the co-founders of YouTube, being recorded by his high school friend, Yakov Lapitsky. In the video, Karim is seen standing in front of two elephants at the San Diego Zoo in California, where he briefly comments on the length of their trunks. Multiple journalists thought the video represented YouTube as a whole and stated it was a milestone of the platform's history. Karim has later updated the video's description several times. As of January 2026, the video has received more than 381 million views.

San Diego Zoo
The San Diego Zoo is a zoo in San Diego, California, United States, located in Balboa Park. It began with a collection of animals left over from the 1915 Panama–California Exposition that were brought together by its founder, Dr. Harry M. Wegeforth. The zoo was a pioneer in the concept of open-air, cage-less exhibits that recreate natural animal habitats.

The zoo sits on 100 acres (40 ha) of land leased from the City of San Diego. It houses over 12,000 animals of more than 680 species and subspecies. It is the most visited zoo in the United States; travelers have cited it as one of the best zoos in the world.

Its parent organization, the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, is a private nonprofit conservation organization and has one of the largest zoological membership associations in the world. The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance also operates the San Diego Zoo Safari Park.
SS Coptic
SS Coptic was a steamship built in 1881, which was successively owned by the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, and the Japanese Oriental Steam Ship Co. (Toyo Kisen Kabushiki Kaisha) before being scrapped in 1926. She was filmed by Thomas Edison in 1897 in one of his early movies. The movie is currently stored in the Library of Congress.

Pacific Mail Steamship Company
The Pacific Mail Steamship Company was founded April 18, 1848, as a joint stock company under the laws of the State of New York by a group of New York City merchants. Incorporators included William H. Aspinwall, Edwin Bartlett (American consul at Lima, Peru and also involved with the Panama Railroad Company), Henry Chauncey, Mr. Alsop, G.G. Howland and S.S. Howland.
Baron Hastings
Baron Hastings is a title that has been created three times. The first creation was in the Peerage of England in 1290, and is extant. The second creation was in the Peerage of England in 1299, and became extinct on the death of the first holder in c. 1314. The third creation was in the Peerage of England in 1461, and has been in abeyance since 1960.

William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (c. 1431 – 13 June 1483) was an English nobleman. A loyal follower of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses, he became a close friend and one of the most important courtiers of King Edward IV, whom he served as Lord Chamberlain. At the time of Edward's death he was one of the most powerful and richest men in England.  He was executed following accusations of treason by Edward's brother and ultimate successor, Richard III. The date of his death is disputed; early histories give 13 June, which is the traditional date.
Timothy (song)
"Timothy" is a song recorded by American pop rock band The Buoys as a single in 1970. The song describes a mine cave-in and aftermath, with the implication the two survivors cannibalized their companion, the eponymous Timothy. Written by Rupert Holmes, who also performed piano on the song, "Timothy" was conceived from the band being forced to promote their first single without the aid of their label, Scepter Records. Holmes' solution was to have the song generate attention by depicting a controversial subject.

Despite initial efforts from radio stations to ban the song, "Timothy" proved to be a success for the Buoys. It reached the US Billboard Top 40 chart on April 17, 1971, where it remained on the chart for eight weeks and peaked at number 17. On the US Cash Box Top 100, it spent two weeks at number 13. In Canada, the song reached number nine. "Timothy" became the Buoys' best known song and their most successful song to chart on Billboard.

Rupert Holmes
Rupert Holmes (born David Goldstein; February 24, 1947) is a British-born American composer, singer-songwriter, dramatist and author. He is widely known for the hit singles "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" (1979) and "Him" (1980). He is also known for his musicals The Mystery of Edwin Drood, which earned him two Tony Awards, and Curtains, his AMC television series Remember WENN, and his novel Murder Your Employer: The McMasters Guide to Homicide.
Craig Stutzmann
Craig Keola Stutzmann (born July 14, 1980) is an American football coach and former player who is the offensive coordinator for the San Jose State Spartans. He was previously the co-offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Washington State Cougars. He played college football for the Hawaii Warriors.

Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football
The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represents the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in NCAA Division I FBS college football.  It was part of the Western Athletic Conference until July 2012, when the team joined the Mountain West Conference (MW) as a football-only member, with an upgrade to full MW membership pending in 2026. From 2000 until 2013, the team was known simply as the Warriors.
Monmouth Police Station
The Monmouth Police Station is a Grade II listed building in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located in Glendower Street, within the medieval town walls. In March 2012, it was announced that the Monmouth Police Station was one of seventeen police stations in South East Wales that would no longer be open to the public.

Glendower Street, Monmouth
Glendower Street is a historic street in the town centre of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It extends to the southeast from the intersection of Agincourt Street and St John's Street, within the medieval town walls. Glendower Street is lined with numerous listed buildings, including one of the 24 blue plaque buildings on the  Monmouth Heritage Trail.
Dun Mor Vaul
56°32′31″N 6°48′49″W﻿ / ﻿56.542061°N 6.813492°W﻿ / 56.542061; -6.813492

Dun Mor Vaul (or simply Dun Mor; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Mòr) is an iron-age broch located  on the north coast of the island of Tiree, in Scotland.

Tiree
Tiree (/taɪˈriː/; Scottish Gaelic: Tiriodh, pronounced [ˈtʲʰiɾʲəɣ]) is the most westerly island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. The low-lying island, southwest of Coll, has an area of 7,834 hectares (30+1⁄4 square miles) and a population of around 700.

The land is highly fertile, and crofting, alongside tourism, and fishing are the main sources of employment for the islanders. Tiree, along with Colonsay, enjoys a relatively high number of total hours of sunshine during the late spring and early summer compared to the average for the United Kingdom. Tiree is a popular windsurfing venue; it is sometimes referred to as the "Hawaii of the north". In most years, the Tiree World Classic surfing event is held here. People native to the island are known as Tirisdich.
I Am a Photograph
I Am a Photograph is the debut studio album by French singer Amanda Lear, released in 1977 by West German label Ariola Records. The album was a success on the European market and spawned Lear's first disco hit singles "Blood and Honey", "Tomorrow" and "Queen of Chinatown", the latter available only on the album's re-issue. I Am a Photograph was officially re-released on CD in 2012.

Queen of Chinatown
"Queen of Chinatown" (also typed "Queen of China-Town") is a song by French singer Amanda Lear, released in 1977 by Ariola Records. It found chart success and remains one of Lear's biggest hits. The song's lyrics were written by Lear and the music was composed by Anthony Monn, her musical partner at that time. The song is an uptempo disco composition with characteristic oriental elements. It was released in late 1977 as the sixth and final single from Lear's debut album, I Am a Photograph (1977), though was only included on the album's re-issue, replacing "La Bagarre". The B-side of the single was "Alphabet", which had earlier received a separate A-side single release in the Netherlands. In Japan, "The Lady in Black" was released on the side B.
Postage stamps and postal history of Panama
Panama was formerly a department of Colombia and used overprints of Colombian stamps from 1878 until it gained independence in 1903. However, from 1903 to 1905 sets of stamps with overprints were still used and it was only in 1906 that the first printed stamps by the Panamanian postal administration were produced with República de Panamá.

In 1904, Panama was one of the few countries to issue a stamp for the Avis de réception service.

Postage stamps and postal history of Colombia
Colombia is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered by Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the second largest population in South America, after Brazil. The capital is Bogotá.
Photography and Non-Logical Form
Photography and non-logical form is a book and research concept by art critic and art historian Ekaterina Vasilyeva. The book provides an idea that draws attention to the irrational basis of photography. The study considers photography as a tool that reveals the irrational and archaic principle of thinking. Considered one of the formative books in the field of photography theory.
The book is created as a collection of essays published in the 2010s in academic sources. The texts touch on aspects of a single topic and raise the general problem of the phenomenon of the non-logical in photography. It was published as a separate book by New Literary Review in 2019.

Ekaterina Vasileva (art historian)
Ekaterina Viktorovna Vasileva (born July 29, 1972) is a Russian art critic, specialist in the history and theory of photography, fashion, design and contemporary art. Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor at Saint Petersburg State University. Member of the Union of Artists of Russia, member of the Union of Photographers of Russia, member of the International Association of Art Critics (AICA, UNESCO), member of the Union of Journalists of Russia. The works of Ekaterina Vasilyeva are in the collections of the largest Russian libraries, as well as in the collections of the Library of Congress (Washington), the Warburg Library (London), and the Cini Foundation Library (Venice).
Perales de Tajuña
Perales de Tajuña is a town and municipality of Spain located in the Community of Madrid. It is about 40 km to the southeast of Madrid in the area known as the Comarca de Las Vegas. The municipality covers 48.92 km,2 and it has a population of 2,738 inhabitants and a population density of 55.97 inhabitants/km2. To the north it borders with Arganda del Rey and Campo Real, to the east with Tielmes, to the south with Villarejo de Salvanés, and to the west with Morata de Tajuña and Valdelaguna.

Valdelaguna
Valdelaguna is a Spanish town in the province of Madrid. It is located southeast of the district, in Las Vegas region, 49 km from Madrid city.
It is bordered by the towns of Chinchón, Belmonte de Tajo, Villarejo de Salvanés, Perales de Tajuña, Morata de Tajuña and Colmenar de Oreja. It covers an area of 41.89 km ², has an average altitude of 702 m and the adjective of its inhabitants is Abubillo / a. (Valdelaguneros).
Bowie: Stardust, Rayguns, and Moonage Daydreams
Bowie: Stardust, Rayguns, and Moonage Daydreams is a 2020 graphic novel that follows David Bowie's life through his Ziggy Stardust years up to his The Thin White Duke period. It was authored by Steve Horton (writer) and Mike Allred (illustrator), with coloring by Laura Allred.

Mike Allred
Michael Dalton "Mike" Allred (born 1962) is an American comic book artist and writer. He is most well known for his independent comics creation Madman and for co-creating and drawing the comic book series iZombie. His work often draws upon pop art, as well as commercial and comic art of the 1950s and 1960s.
Elizabeth of Frankopan
Elizabeth of Frankopan (Slovene: Elizabeta Frankopanska, Croatian: Elizabeta Frankopan, Hungarian: Frangepán Erzsébet, 1386–1422 or 1423), was the first wife of Frederick II of Celje, son and heir to Count Hermann II, Ban of Slavonia. By virtue of her marriage, she became the sister-in-law of the Hungarian Queen Barbara of Celje. Her marriage was troubled by disagreements with her husband, and in 1422 or 1423 she was found killed in her bed. The main suspect for the murder was her husband, who later married Veronika of Desenice, a woman of humble origin. The affair deteriorated the relations between the Houses of Celje and Frankopan, and led to a long-lasting feud between Elizabeth widower Frederick and her cousin Ivan of Frankopan. In the 19th and 20th century, Elizabeth's fate became the source of many literary and artistic adaptations in Slovenian, Croatian, and Hungarian culture.

Frederick II, Count of Celje
Frederick II (Slovene: Friderik II. Celjski; Croatian: Fridrik II. Celjski; German: Friedrich II Graf von Cilli) (17 January 1379 – 13 or 20 June 1454) was a Count of Celje and Ban of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia.
Affinity (film)
Affinity  is a 2008 British film adaptation of Sarah Waters' 1999 novel of the same name; directed by Tim Fywell and written by Andrew Davies. It stars Zoë Tapper, Anna Madeley, Domini Blythe, Amanda Plummer, and Mary Jo Randle. The film was nominated for the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Movie or Limited Series.

Zoë Tapper
Zoë Tapper (born 26 October 1981) is an English actress who first came to prominence playing Nell Gwynne in Richard Eyre's award-winning film Stage Beauty in 2004. She is known for portraying Anya Raczynski in Survivors, and Mina Harker in Demons.
Princess Wilhelmine Caroline of Denmark
Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway (Danish: Vilhelmina Karoline, German: Wilhelmina Karolina) (10 July 1747 in Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen – 14 January 1820 in Kassel), was the Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel and later the Electress of Hesse-Kassel by marriage to William I, Elector of Hesse.

Princess Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (11 July 1771, in Hanau – 22 February 1848, in Gotha), was a German princess and member of the House of Hesse-Kassel by birth, and Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg by marriage.

She was the second daughter of Landgrave (later Prince) William I of Hesse by Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway, daughter of King Frederick V.
Buckam Singh
Buckam Singh (December 5, 1893 – August 27, 1919)—sometimes spelled Buk Am, Bukam, or Bukkan—was an Indo-Canadian Sikh soldier who served with the Canadian Army in the First World War and early Sikh pioneer in Ontario.

While military records show that there were at least 10 Sikhs who served with Canada during WWI, little is known about them. As such, Buckam Singh's story is notable for being discovered more fully than the others, beginning with the discovery of his military grave and Victory Medal. Among the nine other soldiers, eight served in Europe, two of whom were killed in action.

His last service was with the 28th Battalion, according to his headstone.

Sikhism in Canada
Sikhism is the fourth-largest religion in Canada, with nearly 800,000 adherents, or 2.1% of Canada's population, as of 2021. The largest Sikh populations in Canada are found in Ontario, followed by British Columbia and Alberta. As of the 2021 Census, more than half of Canada's Sikhs, Approximately 52.9% can be found in these 4 cities: Brampton (163,260), Surrey (154,415), Calgary (49,465), and Edmonton (41,385).

Canada is home to the largest national Sikh proportion in the world (2.1%), and also has the second-largest Sikh population in the world, after India. British Columbia has the third-largest Sikh proportion (5.9%) amongst all global administrative divisions, behind only Punjab and Chandigarh in India. British Columbia, Manitoba, and Yukon hold the distinction of being three of the only four administrative divisions in the world with Sikhism as the second most followed religion among the population.
Pseudaminae
The Pseudaminae is a subfamily of ray-finned fishes, one of two subfamilies of the family Apogonidae, the cardinalfishes. They are characterised by having large caniform teeth which are placed on the on dentary and premaxillae, by having the lateral line absent or incomplete, by having no scales or if scales are present they are cycloid. One species, Gymnapogon urospilotus, is notable for its larvae being rather large and fast-swimming.

Apogonidae
Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few (notably Glossamia) are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in aquariums and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.

They are generally small fish, with most species being less than 10 cm (4 in), and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the dorsal fin into two separate fins. Most species live in tropical or subtropical waters, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.

They are nocturnal, spending the day in dark crevices within the reef. At least some species brood their eggs inside the mouths of the males. Males do not feed during this incubation period. Males incubate the eggs in their mouth due to having longer heads and a larger jaw, which females do not acquire.
Jean Mauzé
Jean Mauzé (January 15, 1903 – January 7, 1974) was a Manhattan banker, senior vice president of United States Trust Company and married Abby Rockefeller on April 23, 1953. After his wife created the Greenacre Foundation in 1968, he donated Greenacre Park to City of New York in 1971.

Abby Rockefeller Mauzé
Abigail Aldrich Rockefeller Mauzé (November 9, 1903 – May 27, 1976) was an American philanthropist. She was the daughter of American philanthropists John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller as well as a granddaughter of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller.
Westcoast Transmission Company
Westcoast Energy Inc. is a Canadian natural gas pipeline company that has been in operation since 1949. The company was founded as the Westcoast Transmission Company Limited by Frank McMahon as a sister company to his main operation, Pacific Petroleums. In 1988 it was renamed Westcoast Energy. In 2002, the company was acquired by Duke Energy, and in 2007 was taken over by Duke's spinoff company Spectra Energy. In 2017, Spectra was acquired by Enbridge, and since that time Westcoast has remained a subsidiary of the latter.

Spectra Energy
Spectra Energy Corp, headquartered in Houston, Texas, operated in three key areas of the natural gas industry: transmission and storage, distribution, and gathering and processing.  Spectra was formed in late 2006 from the spin-off from Duke Energy.  Spectra owned the Texas Eastern Pipeline (TETCo), a major natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas to the New York City area, which was one of the largest pipeline systems in the United States. Spectra also operated three oil pipelines. In February 2017, Spectra Energy merged into the Canadian company Enbridge.