hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
45th Venice Biennale
The 45th Venice Biennale, held from June 13 to October 13, 1993, was an exhibition of international contemporary art, with 45 participating nations. The Venice Biennale takes place biennially in Venice, Italy. Prizewinners of the 45th Biennale included: ex aequo Richard Hamilton and Antoni Tàpies (Golden Lion for painting), Robert Willson (Golden Lion for sculpture), the German pavilion with Hans Haacke and Nam June Paik (best national representation), and Matthew Barney (Premio 2000 for young artists).

Robert Wilson (director)
Robert Wilson (October 4, 1941 – July 31, 2025) was an American director and playwright of experimental theater. He also worked as a choreographer, performer, painter, sculptor, video artist, and sound and lighting designer. He is best known for his collaboration with Philip Glass and Lucinda Childs on Einstein on the Beach, and his frequent collaborations with Tom Waits. In 1991, Wilson established The Watermill Center, "a laboratory for performance" on the East End of Long Island, New York, regularly working with opera and theater companies, as well as cultural festivals.
Mele (island)
Mele (also known as Hideaway Island) is a Polynesian outlier and islet in Vanuatu.

The island is owned by the local Mele villagers, but is leased to the owners of Hideaway Island Resort. On the seaward side of the island is a marine reserve with abundant tropical fish and other sealife. The island is accessed by a 24hr boat service from nearby Mele Bay beach and offers accommodation and watersports to visitors. Mele has one of only a few underwater post offices in the world, which is open daily and allows visitors to post letters that are postmarked in a waterproof manner.

Polynesian outlier
Polynesian outliers are a number of culturally Polynesian societies that geographically lie outside the main region of Polynesian influence, known as the Polynesian Triangle; instead, Polynesian outliers are scattered in the two other Pacific subregions,  Melanesia and Micronesia.  Based on archaeological and linguistic analysis, these islands are considered to have been colonized by seafaring Polynesians, mostly from the area of Tonga, Samoa and Tuvalu.

The closest Polynesian outliers, Anuta and Tikopia in Solomon Islands, were settled some time between the 10th and 13th centuries and subsequently received multiple waves of Polynesian immigration, while the farthest outlier, Nukuoro in the Federated States of Micronesia, was only settled in the 18th century.
Cheerios
Cheerios is a brand of cereal manufactured by General Mills in the United States and Canada, consisting of pulverized oats in the shape of a solid torus. In Europe, Cheerios is marketed by Cereal Partners under the Nestlé brand; in Australia and New Zealand, Cheerios is sold as an Uncle Tobys product.

Cheerios were invented in the United States in 1941 by General Mills. The product's original name was CheeriOats, but General Mills changed it to Cheerios in 1945 following a trademark complaint from competitor Quaker Oats Company over the use of the term "oats".

Cereal Partners Worldwide
Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A. (CPW) is a global breakfast cereal manufacturer and a 50:50 joint venture between Nestlé and General Mills. Established in 1990, the partnership manages the production, marketing, and distribution of Nestlé-branded breakfast cereals outside the United States and Canada, where General Mills markets its cereals independently. As of 2024, CPW products are sold in more than 130 countries, with headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Palashi
Palashi or Plassey, pronounced [ˈpɔlaʃi], Hindustani pronunciation: [pəˈlaːʃi]) is a town on the east bank of Bhagirathi River, located approximately 50 kilometres north of the city of Krishnanagar  in Kaliganj CD Block in the Nadia District of West Bengal, India.

It is particularly well known due to the Battle of Plassey fought there in June 1757, between the private army of the British East India Company and the army of Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal.

Siraj-ud-Daulah
Mir Syed Jafar Ali Khan Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah (1733 – 2 July 1757), commonly known as Siraj-ud-Daulah or Siraj ud-Daula, was the last independent Nawab of the Bengal Subah. The end of his reign marked the start of the rule of the East India Company over Bengal and later almost all of the Indian subcontinent.

Siraj succeeded his maternal grandfather, Alivardi Khan as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 at the age of 23. Betrayed by Mir Jafar, the commander of Nawab's army, Siraj lost the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757. The forces of the East India Company under Robert Clive invaded and the administration of Bengal fell into the hands of the company.
Psalm 45
Psalm 45 is the 45th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "My heart is inditing a good matter". In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 44. In Latin, it is known as "Eructavit cor meum". It was composed by the sons of Korach on (or "according to") the Shoshannim–either a musical instrument or the tune to which the psalm should be sung. The psalm has been interpreted as an epithalamium, or wedding song, written to a king on the day of his marriage to a foreign woman, and is one of the royal psalms.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.

Royal psalms
Hermann Gunkel categorized ten psalms by their subject matter of kingship as royal psalms. Specifically, the royal psalms deal with the spiritual role of kings in the worship of Yahweh.  Aside from that single qualification, there is nothing else which specifically links the ten psalms. Each of the psalms make explicit references to their subject, the king.  However, it has been posited that other psalms, which do not mention the king directly, may have been written for royalty (e.g. Psalm 22).

Old Testament scholar Brevard Childs has raised the possibility that the royal psalms are strategically scattered throughout the psalter. According to Childs, these psalms are often paired with other psalms that give the royal psalms an eschatological and messianic sense.
Canberra Knights
The Canberra Knights were a semi-professional ice hockey team in the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). The team played its home games at the Phillip Swimming & Ice Skating Centre in Phillip, a suburb of Australia's capital city, Canberra. In February 2014 the team owner announced that operations would fold due to financial costs, lack of local players and poor performance. They were replaced in the league by the CBR Brave. The Knights were only ever premiers once, in 1998, in the now defunct East Coast Super League, and never made the finals since the formation of the AIHL.

Sydney Bears
The Sydney Bears (formerly known as the Macquarie Bears) is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Sydney, New South Wales. Established in 1982, the Bears are the only remaining founding member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) still operating. The Bears are based at Macquarie Ice Rink, within the Macquarie Centre, in the northern suburbs of Sydney. The Sydney Bears are three time Goodall Cup champions and four time H Newman Reid Trophy premiers.
Palasa
Palasa is one of the twin towns located in the Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The town is situated between Srikakulam and Berhampur. It is categorized as the second grade municipality. Also the town serves as the headquarters of Palasa Mandal.

Srikakulam district
Srikakulam district is a district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, located in the Uttarandhra region of the state, with its headquarters located at Srikakulam. It is one of the six districts, located in the extreme northeastern direction of the state. It was formerly known as Chicacole, and was under Ganjam district till 1 April 1936, then merged under Vizagapatam district. Srikakulam district forms the core area of Kalinga where most of its historical capitals like Kalinganagari, pithunda, Dantapuram are located.
Jessi Combs
Jessica Combs (July 27, 1980  – August 27, 2019) was an American professional racer, television personality, and metal fabricator. She set a women's land speed class record (four wheels) in 2013 and broke her own record in 2016. She was known as "the fastest woman on four wheels".

She co-hosted the Spike TV show Xtreme 4x4 for more than 90 episodes from 2005 to 2009. Other television shows on which she appeared include Overhaulin', MythBusters, The List: 1001 Car Things To Do Before You Die, All Girls Garage, and Science Channel's How to Build... Everything in 2016.

Combs died after crashing a jet-powered high-speed race car at the Alvord Desert in southeastern Oregon while attempting to beat her four-wheel land speed record. She was posthumously awarded the female land-speed world record by Guinness World Records in June 2020.

PowerNation
PowerNation is a programming block of automotive how-to enthusiast television programs that began originally as the PowerBlock. It is currently produced by Gray Media, which purchased the assets of PowerNation's former owner Raycom Media in 2019. PowerNation consists of a block of automotive enthusiast shows including Engine Power, XOR (Xtreme Off Road), Truck Tech, and Detroit Muscle. PowerNation airs on the History Channel, and also features content on its own through a digital media player app available on the Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV and Roku platforms.
Käpylä railway station
Käpylä (Finnish) or Kottby (Swedish) is a railway station in the Käpylä district of Helsinki, Finland. It is located between the stations of Pasila and Oulunkylä, along the main railroad track from Helsinki to Riihimäki, about 6 km north from the Helsinki Central railway station.

Oulunkylä railway station
Oulunkylä railway station (Finnish: Oulunkylän rautatieasema, Swedish: Åggelby järnvägsstation) is a railway station in the Oulunkylä district of Helsinki, Finland. It is located between the stations of Käpylä and Pukinmäki, along the main railroad track from Helsinki to Riihimäki, about 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of the Helsinki Central railway station.

The station building in Oulunkylä is no longer in use for train traffic, and the station does not have ticket sales.
Pierre Koffmann
Pierre Koffmann (born 21 August 1948) is a French chef. In 1983, his London restaurant La Tante Claire became the second in the United Kingdom to be awarded three Michelin stars. Until December 2016, he was the head chef of Koffmann's at The Berkeley hotel in Knightsbridge, London.

The Berkeley
The Berkeley is a 5-star luxury hotel located at Wilton Place in Knightsbridge, London. The hotel is owned and managed by the Maybourne Hotel Group, which also owns The Connaught and Claridge's in Mayfair, London.
Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain
There were numerous political parties and factions in Isabelline Spain (Spain during the reign of Isabella II, who reigned 29 September 1833 – 30 September 1868). Some of them are known by multiple names, and in many cases the lines between these were fluid over time, both in terms of individuals moving from one party or faction to another and in terms of parties or factions changing their stances. Many of these factions are subgroups of parties, and groupings sometimes overlapped. Many factions (especially within the Moderate Party) were based on little more than political clientelism.

Moderate Party (Spain)
The Moderate Party (Spanish: Partido Moderado) or Moderate Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Moderado) was one of the two Spanish political parties that contended for power during the reign of Isabel II (reigned 1833–1868). Like the opposing Progressive Party (Spanish: Partido Progresista), it characterised itself as liberal and dynasticist; both parties supported Isabel against the claims of the Carlists.

The Moderates contained various factions. Some supported working with Progressives, but others sought closer ties with the Old Regime. However, the party's dominant ideology was adherence to the centrist juste milieu of the French Doctrinaires.
Walton Walker
Walton Harris Walker (3 December 1889 – 23 December 1950) was a United States Army four-star general who served with distinction in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, where he commanded the Eighth United States Army before dying in a jeep accident. He received two Distinguished Service Crosses for extraordinary heroism in World War II and the Korean War.

Eighth Army (United States)
The Eighth Army is a U.S. field army which commands all United States Army forces in South Korea. It is headquartered at the Camp Humphreys in the Anjeong-ri of Pyeongtaek, South Korea. Eighth Army relocated its headquarters from Yongsan to Camp Humphreys in the summer of 2017. It is the only field army in the U.S. Army. It is responsible to United States Forces Korea and United States Army, Pacific.
Starcadia
Starcadia is an EP by Joy Electric. The concept of Starcadia is based upon rides that have existed in Disneyland: Matterhorn Bobsleds, Space Mountain, Starcade, Submarine Voyage, and Carousel of Progress. Musically it was described as "more cosmic and spacey" than the band's prior releases.

Joy Electric
Joy Electric is the brand label for a series of electropop/synthpop productions by Ronnie Martin. Martin began producing music under the Joy Electric name in 1994, after the demise of Dance House Children, a band Ronnie was in with his brother Jason Martin of Starflyer 59. Starflyer 59 bass player and Velvet Blue Music owner Jeff Cloud joined Joy Electric from 1996 until 2002.

Joy Electric disbanded in 2012 when Ronnie Martin entered seminary. Martin has since released music under his own name, saying it was "a chance to start over, to have a blank slate."
Sollentuna Municipality
Sollentuna Municipality (Swedish: Sollentuna kommun; [ˈsɔ̂lːɛnˌtʉːna kʊˈmʉːn] ⓘ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east-central Sweden, approximately 14 kilometres north of the city centre of Stockholm. Its seat of local government is located in Tureberg, which is a part of Sollentuna urban area.

Tureberg
Tureberg (pronunciationⓘ) is a neighbourhood in Sollentuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 18,866 inhabitants (2018). It is a Stockholm suburb and houses the seat of local government for the municipality as well as a large shopping mall and a Stockholm commuter rail station.

Tureberg has also evolved as a law enforcement center for the northern part of metropolitan Stockholm, with police station, court house, prosecutor's office, and a jail, all in buildings built in the 1980s and onwards. The present courthouse was inaugurated in 2010.

Tureberg is a Risk area.
Experimental Mathematics (journal)
Experimental Mathematics is a quarterly scientific journal of mathematics published by A K Peters, Ltd. until 2010, now by Taylor & Francis. The journal publishes papers in experimental mathematics, broadly construed. The journal's mission statement describes its scope as follows: "Experimental Mathematics publishes original papers featuring formal results inspired by experimentation, conjectures suggested by experiments, and data supporting significant hypotheses." Its editor-in-chief is Alexander Kasprzyk (University of Nottingham).

Experimental mathematics
Experimental mathematics is an approach to mathematics in which computation is used to investigate mathematical objects and identify properties and patterns. It has been defined as "that branch of mathematics that concerns itself ultimately with the codification and transmission of insights within the mathematical community through the use of experimental (in either the Galilean, Baconian, Aristotelian or Kantian sense) exploration of conjectures and more informal beliefs and a careful analysis of the data acquired in this pursuit."

As expressed by Paul Halmos: "Mathematics is not a deductive science—that's a cliché. When you try to prove a theorem, you don't just list the hypotheses, and then start to reason. What you do is trial and error, experimentation, guesswork. You want to find out what the facts are, and what you do is in that respect similar to what a laboratory technician does."
Theft Act 1978
The Theft Act 1978 (c. 31) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It supplemented the earlier deception offences  contained in sections 15 and 16 of the Theft Act 1968 by reforming some aspects of those offences and adding new provisions. See also the Fraud Act 2006.

Fraud Act 2006
The Fraud Act 2006 (c 35) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which affects England and Wales and Northern Ireland. It was given royal assent on 8 November 2006, and came into effect on 15 January 2007.
Raymond Martorano
Raymond "Long John" Martorano (born Ignazio Raymond Anthony Martorano;  March 27, 1927 - February 5, 2002) was an Italian-American mobster who was a made man and soldato in the Italian-American Philadelphia Crime Family. He is notable for his role in the methamphetamines trade, as well as his relations with several notable members of the city's underworld. He was also a valuable asset to the Philadelphia Italian-American Mafia due to his earning capacity and his connections with the K&A Gang (through John Berkery), Chelsais Bouras and the Philadelphia Greek Mob, the Pagans MC, the Warlocks MC, and the Junior Black Mafia.

Philadelphia Greek Mob
The Philadelphia Greek Mob, also known as the Philadelphia Greek Mafia, was a loose-knit Greek mafia faction consisting of Greek-American racketeers and drug dealers operating in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The group was closely affiliated with the Italian-American Philadelphia crime family, and fell under complete control of the family during the reign of Philadelphia Mafia boss Nicky Scarfo.
Chah-e Mobarak
Chah-e Mobarak (Persian: چاه مبارک) is a city in, and the capital of, Chah-e Mobarak District in Asaluyeh County, Bushehr province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Chah-e Mobarak Rural District. As a village, Chah-e Mobarak was the capital of Nayband Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Zobar.

Nayband Rural District
Nayband Rural District (Persian: دهستان نای بند) is in Chah-e Mobarak District of Asaluyeh County, Bushehr province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zobar. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chah-e Mobarak, now a city.
Chicora incident
The Chicora incident was an incident in May 1870 between the American government and an expeditionary force consisting of British and Canadian militia under the command of Colonel Garnet Wolseley in Sault Sainte Marie. US authorities blocked passage of the Chicora for several weeks, delaying Wolseley's response to the Red River Rebellion. The incident ultimately led to the construction of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal on the Canadian side of the river, allowing unfettered access to the Lake Superior.

Sault Ste. Marie Canal
The Sault Ste. Marie Canal is a National Historic Site in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and is part of the national park system, managed by Parks Canada. It includes a lock to bypass the rapids on the St. Marys River.

The first canal near the site was built in 1798, but was destroyed in 1814 during the War of 1812. The present canal dates to 1895, and formed part of the shipping route from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Superior, along with the two locks on the US side of the river. One of the walls of the lock collapsed in 1987 and the canal was closed to traffic.

In 1998 a smaller lock was opened within the original canal. It is suitable for smaller boats and mostly used for pleasure craft.
Hypernetted-chain equation
In statistical mechanics the hypernetted-chain equation is a closure relation to solve the Ornstein–Zernike equation which relates the direct correlation function to the total correlation function. It is commonly used in fluid theory to obtain e.g. expressions for the radial distribution function. It is given by:

where  is the number density of molecules, ,   is the radial distribution function,  is the direct interaction between pairs.  with   being the Thermodynamic temperature and  the Boltzmann constant.

Ornstein–Zernike equation
In statistical mechanics, the Ornstein–Zernike (OZ) equation is an integral equation introduced  by Leonard Ornstein and Frits Zernike that relates different correlation functions with each other. Together with a closure relation, it is used to compute the structure factor and thermodynamic state functions of amorphous matter like liquids or colloids. In molecular theories of ionic solutions, this type of integral equation can be used to describe how molecules (i.e. particles, ions, and colloids), distribute space and time given their interaction energies.
The California Raisins
The California Raisins are a fictional rhythm and blues animated musical group as well as advertising and merchandising characters composed of anthropomorphized raisins. Lead vocals were sung by musician Buddy Miles. The California Raisins were popular from 1986 to 1994 through claymation TV commercials and animated specials, winning an Emmy Award and one nomination.

Claymation
Claymation, sometimes called clay animation or plasticine animation, is one of many forms of stop-motion animation. Each animated piece, either character or background, is "deformable"—made of a malleable substance, usually plasticine clay.

Traditional animation, from cel animation to stop motion, is produced by recording each frame, or still picture, on film or digital media, and then playing the recorded frames back in rapid succession before the viewer.  These and other moving images, from zoetrope to films and video games, create the illusion of motion by playing back at over ten to twelve frames per second.
Phyllis Rampton Narrow Gauge Railway Trust
The Phyllis Rampton Narrow Gauge Railway Trust is a British charity which is registered with the British Charity Commission as 292240 under the classification of "Education/Training Environment/Conservation/Heritage". The Trust is the 100% shareholder of the Vale of Rheidol Railway in Wales and was established to both protect the future of the railway and provide funds to build a museum at Aberystwyth station.

Vale of Rheidol Railway
The Vale of Rheidol Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Cwm Rheidol) is a 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) narrow gauge heritage railway in Ceredigion, Wales, between Aberystwyth and Devil's Bridge; a journey of 11+3⁄4 miles (18.9 km).

It opened in 1902 and, from the withdrawal of main line steam on British Rail in 1968 until privatisation in 1989, it was the sole steam-operated line on the 1948 nationalised British Rail network. It was one of the first parts of British Rail to be privatised. Unlike most other preserved railways in the United Kingdom, the Vale of Rheidol Railway did not have a period of closure between its being part of the national rail system and becoming a heritage railway, and so has operated a continuous service for residents and tourists.
Rising Damp
Rising Damp is a British sitcom, written by Eric Chappell and produced by Yorkshire Television for ITV, which was originally broadcast from 2 September 1974 until 9 May 1978. Chappell adapted the story from his 1973 stage play The Banana Box. The programme ran for four series and a spin-off feature film of the same name was released in 1980. The series won the 1978 BAFTA for Best Situation Comedy. Rising Damp was the highest-ranking ITV sitcom in the BBC's 100 Best Sitcoms poll of 2004, coming in 27th overall.

Rising Damp (film)
Rising Damp is a 1980 British comedy film directed by Joseph McGrath, based on the British situation comedy Rising Damp, which aired on ITV from 1974 to 1978. The television series was, in turn, adapted from Eric Chappell's stage play The Banana Box. Chappell adapted the play to television, and wrote the screenplay for this feature film. The film stars Leonard Rossiter, Frances de la Tour, and Don Warrington, reprising their roles from the television series, with Christopher Strauli and Denholm Elliott.