hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panamanian Americans
Panamanian Americans (Spanish: panameño-americano, norteamericano de origen panameño or estadounidense de origen panameño) are Americans of Panamanian descent.

The history of Panamanian immigration to the United States is intertwined with the complex diplomatic relationship between the two nations, which formally began in 1903 following Panama's separation from Colombia. Early migration patterns were significantly influenced by the construction and operation of the Panama Canal.

Panamanian Americans are the second smallest Central American ethnic group in the United States as of 2010.

The Panamanian-American population in the United States grew significantly from 100,000 in 2000 to 240,000 in 2021, representing a 134% increase over two decades. Many Panamanian-Americans reside near army-based cities. As of 2021, Panamanian Americans are primarily concentrated in five states including Florida, New York, California, Texas, and Georgia.

Panama–United States relations
Panama and the United States cooperate in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through international agencies.

According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 32% of Panamanian people approve of U.S. leadership, with 16% disapproving and 52% uncertain.
Ecclesiastical Insurance
Ecclesiastical Insurance is an insurance company in the United Kingdom founded in 1887. The head office is located in Gloucester.

The company is formally named Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc and is authorised and regulated by the FCA and PRA. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Benefact Group which in turn is owned by Benefact Trust (previously known as Allchurches Trust), a registered charity whose objectives are to promote the Christian religion and to provide funds for other charitable purposes. Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc has over £100m Preference Shares listed on the London Stock Exchange.

It was established by the Church of England to provide insurance cover for its buildings. It now covers a wide range of insurance business, and in 2006 it ranked 16th in liability insurance and 20th in accident insurance based on UK Net Written Premiums.

Customers include Gloucester Cathedral and St Paul's Cathedral.

Benefact Trust
Benefact Trust (previously the Allchurches Trust) is a large national charity in the United Kingdom, established in 1972. It is headquartered in Gloucester. It is an independent registered charity. Its objects are to "make a positive difference to people's lives by funding, guiding and celebrating the work of churches and Christian charities; empowering the most vulnerable and giving people, communities and places a renewed opportunity to flourish." Initially, most of its grants were for the repair and maintenance of church buildings. Now it also supports projects that more widely benefit local communities and reflect changes in society.
Xan de Waard
Xan de Waard (born 8 November 1995) is a Dutch field hockey player.
She received the FIH Player of the Year Award two times in her career, in 2023 and 2025.

De Waard made her debut for the Netherlands national field hockey team on 4 February 2013 in a match against Australia. In that same year, she was also selected for the Hockey World League and subsequently included in the final squad for the 2014 World Cup in The Hague. 
With the Dutch national team, where she usually plays as a midfielder, De Waard became a two-time Olympic champion (2020, 2024), a three-time world champion (2014, 2018, 2022) and a four-time European champion (2017, 2019, 2023, 2025). In 2023, she became captain of the Dutch team, after having shared the captaincy with Pien Sanders and Marloes Keetels the year before.

De Waard has played over 230 international matches for the Dutch national team.

Netherlands women's national field hockey team
The Netherlands' national women's field hockey team is currently number one on the International Hockey Federation (FIH) world rankings and the reigning world champion. The Netherlands is the most successful team in World Cup history, having won the title a record nine times. The team has also won ten Olympic medals.
Visa requirements for Salvadoran citizens
Visa requirements for Salvadoran citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of El Salvador.

As of 2025, El Salvador citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 135 countries and territories, ranking the El Salvador passport 36th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Salvadoran passport
Salvadoran passports (Spanish: Pasaporte salvadoreño) are issued to citizens of El Salvador to travel outside the country.

Passports are issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or, if the citizen resides abroad, at the Salvadoran embassy or consulate. Besides serving as proof of identity and of citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Salvadoran consular officials abroad, if needed. Citizens can not have multiple Salvadoran passports at the same time.
Wang Hui (Tang dynasty)
Wang Hui (Chinese: 王徽; died 891), courtesy name Zhaowen (昭文), formally Marquess Zhen of Langye (琅琊貞侯), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xizong.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
OPN1LW
OPN1LW is a gene on the X chromosome that encodes for long wave sensitive (LWS) opsin, or red cone photopigment. The OPN1LW gene provides instructions for making an opsin pigment that is more sensitive to light in the yellow/orange part of the visible spectrum (long-wavelength light). The gene contains 6 exons with variability that induces shifts in the spectral range. OPN1LW is subject to homologous recombination with OPN1MW, as the two have very similar sequences. These recombinations can lead to various vision problems, such as red-green colourblindness and blue monochromacy. The protein encoded is a G-protein coupled receptor with embedded 11-cis-retinal, whose light excitation causes a cis-trans conformational change that begins the process of chemical signalling to the brain.

It is responsible for perception of visible light in the yellow-green range on the visible spectrum (around 500-570nm).

OPN1MW
Green-sensitive opsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPN1MW gene.
OPN1MW2 is a similar opsin.

The OPN1MW gene provides instructions for making an opsin pigment that is more sensitive to light in the middle of the visible spectrum (yellow/green light).
Cyclohedron
In geometry, the cyclohedron is a d-dimensional polytope where d can be any non-negative integer. It was first introduced as a combinatorial object by Raoul Bott and Clifford Taubes and, for this reason, it is also sometimes called the Bott–Taubes polytope. It was later constructed as a polytope by Martin Markl and by Rodica Simion. Rodica Simion describes this polytope as an associahedron of type B.

The cyclohedron appears in the study of knot invariants.

Associahedron
In mathematics, an associahedron Kn is an (n − 2)-dimensional convex polytope in which each vertex corresponds to a way of correctly inserting opening and closing parentheses in a string of n letters, and the edges correspond to single application of the associativity rule. Equivalently, the vertices of an associahedron correspond to the triangulations of a regular polygon with n + 1 sides, and the edges correspond to edge flips in which a single diagonal is removed from a triangulation and replaced by a different diagonal. Associahedra are also called Stasheff polytopes after the work of Jim Stasheff, who rediscovered them in the early 1960s after earlier work on them by Dov Tamari.
Coober Pedy
Coober Pedy (/ˈkuːbər ˈpiːdi/) is a town in northern South Australia, 846 km (526 mi) north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway.  The town is sometimes referred to as the "opal capital of the world" because of the quantity of precious opals mined there. A blower truck is raised above the town sign, representing the importance of opal mining to the town's history. Coober Pedy is also renowned for its below-ground dwellings, called "dugouts", which are built in this fashion due to the scorching daytime heat.

The name "Coober Pedy" is thought to derive from the Kokatha-Barngarla term kupa-piti, which translates to "whitefellas' hole", but in 1975 the local Aboriginal people of the town adopted the name Umoona, which means "long life" and is also their name for the mulga tree.

Kokatha dialect
The Kokatha language, also written Kukatha, Kokata, Gugada, and other variants, and also referred to as Madutara, Maduwonga, Nganitjidi, Wanggamadu, and Yallingarra and variant spellings of these, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Desert group traditionally spoken by the Kokatha people, whose traditional lands are in the western part of the state of South Australia, north of the Wirangu people.
Johannes Bugenhagen
Johannes Bugenhagen (24 June 1485 – 20 April 1558), also called Doctor Pomeranus by Martin Luther, was a German theologian and Lutheran priest who introduced the Protestant Reformation in the Duchy of Pomerania and Denmark in the 16th century. Contributions of Karlstadt and Luther to the translation of theology into social legislation were most fully realized by Bugenhagen. Among his major accomplishments was organization of Lutheran churches in Northern Germany and Scandinavia. He has also been called the "Second Apostle of the North".

Johannes Bugenhagen was pastor to Martin Luther at St. Mary's church in Wittenberg. He is also commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod as a pastor on 20 April.

Stadtkirche Wittenberg
The Stadt- und Pfarrkirche St. Marien zu Wittenberg (Town and Parish Church of St. Mary's) is the civic church of the German town of Lutherstadt Wittenberg. The reformers Martin Luther and Johannes Bugenhagen preached there and the building also saw the first celebration of the mass in German rather than Latin  and the first ever distribution of the bread and wine to the congregation  – it is thus considered the mother-church of the Protestant Reformation. In 1996, it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List along with Castle Church of All Saints (Schlosskirche), the Lutherhaus, the Melanchthonhaus, and Martin Luther's birth house and death house in Eisleben, because of its religious significance and testimony to the lasting, global influence of Protestantism.
Phillips Brooks
Phillips Brooks (December 13, 1835 – January 23, 1893) was an American Episcopal clergyman and author, long the rector of Boston's Trinity Church and briefly Bishop of Massachusetts. One of the most popular preachers of the Gilded Age, he worked to make the Christian Church more relevant to contemporaries. Among his other accomplishments, he wrote the lyrics of the Christmas hymn "O Little Town of Bethlehem".

He is honored on the Episcopal Church liturgical calendar on January 23. In addition to his moral stature, he was a man of great physical height, standing six feet four inches (1.93 m) tall.

Trinity Church (Boston)
Trinity Church in the City of Boston, located in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. The congregation, currently standing at approximately 4,000 households, was founded in 1733. Three services are offered each Sunday, and weekday services are offered four times a week from September through June. Within the spectrum of worship styles in the Anglican tradition, Trinity Church has historically been considered a Broad Church parish.

In addition to worship, the parish is actively involved in service to the community, pastoral care, programs for children and teenagers, and Christian education for all ages. The church is home to several high-level choirs, including the Trinity Choir, Trinity Schola, Trinity Choristers, and Trinity Chamber Choir. The building, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson, is currently under study for becoming a Boston Landmark.
ChaO (film)
ChaO (Japanese: チャオ, Hepburn: Chao)  a 2025 Japanese animated film. Produced by Studio 4°C and distributed by Toei Company, the film is directed by Yasuhiro Aoki with music composed by Takatsugu Muramatsu. The film debuted in Japanese theaters in August 2025.

Studio 4°C
Studio 4°C Co., Ltd. (株式会社STUDIO 4°C, Kabushiki-Gaisha Sutajio Yondo Shī; stylized as STUDIO4°C) is a Japanese independent animation studio founded by Eiko Tanaka and Kōji Morimoto in 1986. The name comes from the temperature at which water is most dense.
Society for Epidemiologic Research
The Society for Epidemiologic Research (abbreviated SER) is a learned society dedicated to epidemiology. It was originally proposed in 1967 by Abraham Lilienfeld, Milton Terris, and Brian MacMahon, and was founded the following year. Their motivation in founding SER was to provide an annual meeting where junior faculty in epidemiology departments and graduate students could present their ongoing research to senior epidemiologists and receive criticism, comments, and encouragement. An additional goal was to promote the exchange of ideas between epidemiologists and statisticians.

Since 1968, SER has grown and its current membership is approximately 2000 individuals. The mission of SER today is "to keep epidemiologists at the vanguard of scientific developments".

Abraham Lilienfeld
Abraham Morris Lilienfeld (November 13, 1920 – August 6, 1984) was an American epidemiologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health serving in various roles; from lecturer in 1950, he rose to head of the Department of Chronic Diseases in 1961 and chair of the Department of Epidemiology in 1971 before he resigned in 1975. Lilienfeld was known for his work in expanding epidemiology to focus on chronic diseases as well as infectious ones. He also advocated for the link between smoking and lung cancer as early as 1962. The American College of Epidemiology's most prestigious award, the "Abraham Lilienfeld Award", is named in his honour.
José Yulo
José Yulo Yulo Sr. (September 24, 1894 – October 27, 1976) was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from May 1942 until July 1945 during the Japanese Occupation and was Speaker of the National Assembly of the Philippines from 1939 until World War II started in 1941. Yulo served in all of the branches of government: the legislative as House Speaker, congressman, and senator; the executive as Secretary of Justice and member of the Cabinet; and the judiciary as the Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He and his family also owned the Canlubang Sugar Estate that they bought in 1948.

Canlubang
Canlubang is a major industrial zone located in the province of Laguna, Philippines. It was once a hacienda during the Spanish colonial period. Canlubang straddles two component cities of Laguna: Cabuyao, Calamba, the municipality of Silang in Cavite, and the city of Tagaytay.

The official political unit with the name Canlubang is a barangay in Calamba, Laguna. It is the largest and most populated barangay in Calamba and the second most populated in Laguna.

Canlubang covers major industrial zones. The Nuvali development of Ayala Land could be found in the barangay and extends to as far as Cabuyao and Santa Rosa, Laguna.

MCDC is the seat government of brgy. Canlubang after Ceris since 2017.
Carlos Quintanar
Carlos Mario Quintanar Rohana (2 June 1937 – 14 October 2010) was a Mexican basketball player and coach from Chihuahua. He was the captain of the senior men's Mexico national basketball team. Quintanar was nicknamed "Aguja", "Pistolitas", and "The Yokohama Sensation".  Along with players like Arturo Guerrero, Manuel Raga, and a few others, Quintanar is generally considered to be one of the best Mexican basketball players of all time.

Mexico men's national basketball team
The Mexico national basketball team (Spanish: selección de baloncesto de México / selección Mexicana de básquetbol) represents Mexico in men's international basketball competitions, The team has made 6 appearances in FIBA World Cup and 5 appearances in the Summer Olympics. The governing body of the team is the Asociación Deportiva Mexicana de Básquetbol (ADEMEBA).

In 2013, Mexico won the FIBA AmeriCup.
Pedro Venturo Zapata
Pedro Manuel Venturo Zapata (February 18, 1896, Lima, Peru – December 12, 1952) was an entrepreneur, engineer, agronomist, paso horse breeder, vintner and Minister of Agriculture.  He was the CEO of Hacienda Higuereta y Anexos - Negociacion Vinicola Pedro Venturo S.A. from 1925 to 1952.

Peruvian Paso
The Peruvian Horse is a breed of light saddle horse known for its smooth ride.  It is distinguished by a natural, four-beat, lateral gait called the paso llano. This breed is protected by the Peruvian government through Decree number 25919 of Peru enacted on November 28, 1992, and has been declared a Cultural Heritage of the Nation by the National Institute of Culture (INC). Due to the isolation suffered for about 400 years and the selection made by their breeders, this breed is very particular in their body proportions and an ambling gait or "paso llano" that is characteristic. It is typical of the northern Peruvian regions of the country from which it originated. Trujillo city is considered the cradle of typical Peruvian Horses.
Rashad Sadygov
Rashad Sadygov (Azerbaijani: Rəşad Sadıqov; born 16 June 1982) is an Azerbaijani football manager and former player who played as a centre-back. He is currently manager of the Azerbaijan Premier League side Zira.

Sadigov is the most capped player in the history of Azerbaijan national team with 111 games. He captained the team since 2004 and is widely recognized as one of the best players in the history of Azerbaijan, as he won the national league title six times and was selected as the footballer of the year six times. He played in UEFA Europa League  and UEFA Champions League for FK Qarabağ.

Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year
Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year is an annual title awarded to the best Azerbaijani football player of the year. The award has been given since 1991, and the winner is elected by authorized journalists from the leading Azerbaijani sport media. On the same occasion, an award is also given for Azerbaijani Football Goalkeeper of the Year since 2009. However, this award is not always given annually.
Earl Cureton
Earl Cureton (September 3, 1957 – February 4, 2024) was an American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "the Twirl", he played college basketball for the Robert Morris Colonials and Detroit Mercy Titans. Cureton was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the third round of the 1979 NBA draft. He won an NBA championship with the 76ers and the Houston Rockets, and also played in the NBA for the Detroit Pistons, Chicago Bulls, Los Angeles Clippers, Charlotte Hornets, and Toronto Raptors. He also played in multiple countries overseas.

Detroit Mercy Titans men's basketball
The Detroit Mercy Titans men's basketball team is the college basketball team which represents University of Detroit Mercy in Detroit and competes in NCAA Division I men's basketball as a member of the Horizon League. Traditionally, the Titans have been a fair  "mid-major" program, advancing to the Sweet Sixteen in 1977 and to the Round of 32 in 1998 and 1999. The Titans have appeared in the NCAA Tournament six times, most recently in 2012. The Titans are coached by Mark Montgomery, who was hired on April 3, 2024. They play their home games at Calihan Hall on the school's McNichols Campus.
Abner Lloveras
Abner Lloveras Hernández (born September 4, 1982, in Barcelona) is a Spanish professional mixed martial artist in the lightweight division. Abner received a gold medal in the Spanish Olympic boxing tournament in 2010.  He also competed on The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber.

The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber
The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 22) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter.

On July 12, 2015 it was announced that the coaches for the season would be Conor McGregor and Urijah Faber. The coaches were not expected to face each other at the end of the season.

The UFC held open tryouts for the show on March 29, 2015. The casting call was for Lightweight fighters who are at least 21 years old and have a minimum of two wins in three professional fights. It was announced on July 12 by Dana White that 16 lightweights would be on the show – eight from the United States, and eight from Europe. In August 2015, the UFC officially announced the cast of this season, featuring 32 fighters competing in qualifying fights to enter the show.
Wire (band)
Wire are a British rock band, formed in London in October 1976 by Colin Newman (vocals, guitar), Graham Lewis (bass, vocals), Bruce Gilbert (guitar), George Gill (lead guitar) and Robert Grey (aka Robert Gotobed; drums). They were originally associated with the punk rock scene, appearing on The Roxy London WC2 album, and were instrumental to the development of post-punk, while their debut album, Pink Flag, was influential for hardcore punk.

Wire are considered a definitive and highly influential art punk and post-punk band, due to their richly detailed and atmospheric sound and obscure lyrical themes. They steadily developed from an early noise rock style to a more complex, structured sound involving increased use of guitar effects and synthesizers (1978's Chairs Missing and 1979's 154). The band gained a reputation for experimenting with song arrangements throughout their career.

Bruce Gilbert
Bruce Clifford Gilbert (born 18 May 1946) is an English musician. One of the founding members of the influential and experimental art punk band Wire, he branched out into electronic music, performance art, music production, and DJing during the band's extended periods of inactivity. He left Wire in 2004, and has since been focusing on solo work and collaborations with visual artists and fellow experimental musicians.
Pömmelte
Pömmelte is a village and a former municipality in the district Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Barby. The modern settlement is first documented in 1292 and probably was founded not too long before, probably by Sorbian settlers. Prehistorical dwelling structures, dating from 2800 - 2200 BC and associated with the Bell Beaker and Unetice cultures, have also been identified.

Únětice culture
The Únětice culture, Aunjetitz culture, or Unetician culture (Czech: Únětická kultura, German: Aunjetitzer Kultur, Polish: Kultura unietycka, Slovak: Únětická kultúra) is an archaeological culture at the start of the Central European Bronze Age, dated roughly to about 2300–1600 BC. The eponymous site for this culture, the village of Únětice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈuːɲɛcɪtsɛ]), is located in the central Czech Republic, northwest of Prague. There are about 1,400 documented Únětice culture sites in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and 550 in Poland, with about 500 further sites and loose-finds locations in Germany. The Únětice culture is also known from northeastern Austria (in association with the so-called Böheimkirchen group) and from western Ukraine.