hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charalambos Bouras
Charalambos Bouras (Greek: Χαράλαμπος Μπούρας, 17 July 1933 – 27 July 2016) was a major Greek restoration architect, engineer and professor of architectural history. Amongst his most notable contributions are his restoration work on the Acropolis of Athens, in the ancient city of Brauron and on the monastery of Hosios Loukas, as well as his many books and scientific articles.

Bouras was an engineer for the Save the Parthenon program, a part of Greece's effort to preserve and restore the national monuments on the Acropolis.

Brauron
Brauron (/ˈbrɔːrɒn/; Ancient Greek: Βραυρών) was one of the twelve cities of ancient Attica, but never mentioned as a deme, though it continued to exist down to the latest times. It was situated on or near the eastern coast of Attica, between Steiria and Halae Araphenides, near the river Erasinus. Brauron is celebrated on account of the worship of Artemis Brauronia, in whose honor a festival was celebrated in this place. This site includes the remains of a temple, a stoa (colonnaded walkway), and a theatre, providing insights into the religious practices and social life of ancient Greece. Its significance as a religious and cultural site can be further understood through the exploration of its archeological remains and historical accounts.
Sapporo Hachimangū
Sapporo Hachimangū (札幌八幡宮, Sapporo Hachimangū) is a Shinto shrine located in Sapporo, Hokkaido. It is a Hachiman shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It was established in 1977. Kami enshrined here include Tenjin (天満大神), Sugawara no Michizane), Akibadai Gongen (秋葉大権現), Ume no Miya Okami (梅の宮大神), and Kotohira no Okami (金刀比羅大神).

Hachiman shrine
A Hachiman shrine (八幡神社, Hachiman Jinja, also Hachimangū (八幡宮)) is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It is the second most numerous type of Shinto shrine after those dedicated to Inari Ōkami (see Inari shrine). There are about 44,000 Hachiman shrines.

Originally the name 八幡 was read Yawata or Yahata, a reading still used in some cases. Many towns and cities incorporating the names Hachiman, Yawata or Yahata grew around these shrines.
Stamp sand
Stamp sand is a coarse sand left over from the processing of ore in a stamp mill. In the United States, the most well-known deposits of stamp sand are in the Copper Country of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where it is black or dark gray, and may contain hazardous concentrations of trace metals.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many metal mines used stamp mills to process ore-bearing rock. The rock was brought to a stamp mill to be crushed. After crushing the material was mechanically separated to extract metals, or chemically treated by acids if the metal could be leached out. The size of the crushed material depended on the nature of the ore found in each mining district.

Copper Country
The Copper Country is an area in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States, including Keweenaw County, Michigan, Houghton, Baraga and Ontonagon counties as well as part of Marquette County. The area is so named as copper mining was prevalent there from 1845 until the late 1960s, with one mine (the White Pine mine) continuing through 1995. The region includes Copper Island, Copper Harbor and Isle Royale. In its heyday in the latter half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the area was the world's greatest producer of copper.
James Alberione
James Alberione, SSP (Italian: Giacomo) (4 April 1884 – 26 November 1971), was an Italian Catholic priest, and the founder of the Society of St. Paul, of the Daughters of St. Paul, of the Sister Disciples of the Divine Master, of the Pious Disciples of the Divine Master, of the Sisters of Jesus the Good Shepherd, of the Sisters of Mary Queen of the Apostles, and other religious institutes, which form the Pauline Family. The first two groups are best known for promoting the Catholic faith through various forms of modern media.

Daughters of St. Paul
The Daughters of St. Paul (Latin: Filiae Sancti Pauli; Italian: Figlie di San Paolo), also known as the Media Nuns, are an international Catholic religious congregation of consecrated women founded in 1915 in Italy.

The congregation is part of the worldwide Pauline Family, one of the ten institutes founded by James Alberione, and operates in 51 countries around the world. The Daughters operate Pauline Books and Media Centres across the world. In addition, they also run Media Education Centres, Radio and Internet Channels (YouTube), and related institutions across the globe.
Amnuay Silpa School
Amnuay Silpa School (Thai: โรงเรียนอำนวยศิลป์; RTGS: Rong Rian Amnuai Sin) is a coeducational private school in Bangkok, Thailand. It teaches kindergarten, primary and secondary levels. The school was founded in 1926, formerly as an all-boy school in the early years. Chitra Dansuputra was the co-founder and the owner of the school.  He later set up a non-profit educational trust Amnuay Silpa Foundation and donated the school to the foundation in 1960.

At its peak, the school had a student body of 7,000, but has since scaled down to about 1,500. Its alumni include six prime ministers of Thailand: Kriangsak Chamanan, Chatichai Choonhavan, Anand Panyarachun, Suchinda Kraprayoon, Chavalit Yongchaiyudh and Somchai Wongsawat.

The school has achieved the status as the first thinking school in Asia and has since adopted a combined Thai-UK curriculum. It is the only Thai/English bilingual school in Thailand to receive the CIS (Council of International Schools) accreditation.

Chitra Dansuputra
Chitra Dansuputra (Thai: จิตร ทังสุบุตร, pronounced [tɕìt tʰāŋ.sù.bùt], died 25 March 1984) was a Thai educator and the founder of Amnuay Silpa School. He served as a member of the Asia-Pacific Scout Committee, representing the National Scout Organization of Thailand.

In 1976, Dansuputra was awarded the 107th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.
Battle of Wimpfen
The Battle of Wimpfen took place during the Palatinate campaign period of the Thirty Years' War on 6 May 1622 near Wimpfen.

The combined forces of the Catholic League and the Spanish Empire under Marshal Tilly and Gonzalo de Córdoba defeated the Protestant forces of Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden.

Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1635)
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona-Anglesola (31 December 1585 – 16 February 1635) was one of the main Spanish military leaders during the Eighty Years' War, Thirty Years' War, and the War of the Mantuan Succession.
Alfriston
Alfriston is a village and civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex. The village lies in the valley of the River Cuckmere, about four miles (6 km) north-east of Seaford and south of the main A27 trunk road. The parish had a population of 829 at the 2011 census.

Cuckmere River
The Cuckmere River rises near Heathfield, East Sussex, England on the southern slopes of the Weald. The name of the river probably comes from an Old English word meaning "fast-flowing", since it descends over 100 m (330 ft) in its initial 6.4 kilometres (4.0 miles). It flows into the English Channel, and has the only undeveloped river mouth on the Sussex coast.
Snap Inc.
Snap Inc. is an American technology company, founded on September 16, 2011, by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown, based in Santa Monica, California. The company developed and maintains technological products and services, namely Snapchat, Spectacles, Bitmoji, and SnapBoost. The company was named Snapchat Inc. at its inception, but it was rebranded Snap Inc. on September 24, 2016, to include the Spectacles product under the company name.

Evan Spiegel
Evan Thomas Spiegel (born June 4, 1990) is an American and French businessman who is the co-founder and CEO of Snap Inc. Spiegel was the youngest billionaire in the world in 2015. As of August 2025, he had a personal net worth of $2.5 billion according to Forbes.
Unix file types
The seven standard Unix file types are regular, directory, symbolic link, FIFO special, block special, character special, and socket as defined by POSIX. These types are used in the file system(s) of a Unix or Unix-like operating system (OS). Different OS-specific implementations allow more types than what POSIX requires (e.g. doors in Solaris). A file's type can be identified by the ls -l command, which displays the type in the first character of the file-system permissions field.

For regular files, Unix does not impose or provide any internal file structure (this may be called file format); therefore, their structure and interpretation is entirely dependent on the software using them. However, the file command can usually be used to determine what type of data they contain.

File-system permissions
Typically, a file system maintains permission settings for each stored item – commonly files and directories – that either grant or deny the ability to manipulate file system items. Often the settings allow controlling access based on function such as read, change, navigate, and execute and to different users and groups of users.

One well-established technology was developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX. Another common technology is an access-control list (ACL) with multiple variants implemented in file systems and one codified by POSIX. Since POSIX defines both the older Unix-based technology as well as ACLs, the former is called traditional POSIX permissions for clarity even though it is not a well-known term.

A permission-driven user interface tailors the functionality available to the user based on file system item permissions. For example, the interface might hide menu options that are not allowed based on the permissions stored for an item.
Stjørdalen
Stjørdalen is a valley and a traditional district in Trøndelag county, Norway. The valley follows the Stjørdalselva river from the Norway-Sweden border 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the west where it empties into the Trondheimsfjorden. The valley traverses Stjørdal Municipality and Meråker Municipality. The European route E14 highway and the Meråker Line railway follow the river through the length of the valley.

The traditional district of Stjørdalen is a historical region surrounding the Stjørdalen valley. The area is sometimes considered the southern part of the Inntrøndelag region. The neighboring Selbu Municipality and Tydal Municipality to the south are sometimes grouped together in this historic district. From the Iron Age through the Middle Ages, the area was referred to as Stiordølafylki, one of the small petty kingdoms in the Trøndelag region under the Frostating assembly.

Meråker Municipality
Meråker is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Stjørdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Midtbygda which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Storlien in Sweden and 46 kilometres (29 mi) east of the town of Stjørdalshalsen in neighboring Stjørdal Municipality. Other villages in the municipality include Gudåa, Kopperå, and Stordalsvollen.

The 1,274-square-kilometre (492 sq mi) municipality is the 80th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Meråker Municipality is the 259th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,454. The municipality's population density is 1.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.9/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipality markets itself as a recreational area. The main areas of employment are in industry and agriculture. The municipality is noted for its characteristic dialect.
Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York)
Sunnyside  is a historic house built in 1835 on 10 acres (4 ha) along the Hudson River, in Tarrytown, New York. It was the home of the American author Washington Irving, best known for his short stories, such as "Rip Van Winkle" (1819) and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1820).

This cottage-like estate, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, reflects Dutch Colonial Revival, Scottish Gothic, and Tudor Revival influences, with its wisteria-covered entrance and jagged crow-stepped gable.

Dutch Colonial Revival architecture
Dutch Colonial Revival is a style of domestic architecture, primarily characterized by gambrel roofs having curved eaves along the length of the house.  Modern versions built in the early 20th century are more accurately referred to as "Dutch Colonial Revival", a subtype of the Colonial Revival style.
Domašinec
Domašinec (Hungarian: Damása) is a village and municipality in Međimurje County, Croatia. It is located around 14 kilometres east of Čakovec, the seat and largest city of Međimurje County, and close to the Mura River and border with Hungary.

Mur (river)
The Mur (German pronunciation: [ˈmuːɐ̯] ⓘ) or Mura (Slovene: [ˈmúːɾa]; Croatian: [mǔːra]; Hungarian: [ˈmurɒ]; Prekmurje Slovene: Müra or Möra) is a river in Central Europe rising in the Hohe Tauern national park of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria with its source at 1,898 m (6,227 ft) above sea level. It is a tributary of the Drava and subsequently the Danube.

The Mur's total length is around 464 kilometres (288 mi). About 326 km are within the interior of Austria; 95 km flow in and around Slovenia (67 km along the borders with Austria and Croatia, 28 km inside Slovenia), and the rest forms the border between Croatia and Hungary. The largest city on the river is Graz, Austria. Its drainage basin covers an area of 14,109 km2 (5,448 sq mi).

Tributaries of the Mur include the Mürz, the Sulm, the Ščavnica, the Ledava and the Trnava.
Washwood Heath depot
Washwood Heath depot is a planned depot in Washwood Heath, Birmingham for High Speed 2 (HS2), a high-speed railway line under construction in the United Kingdom. Planning permission for the 14 road site was granted in early 2023.

Washwood Heath
Washwood Heath is a ward in Birmingham, within the formal district of Hodge Hill, roughly two miles north-east of Birmingham city centre, England. Washwood Heath covers the areas of Birmingham that lie between Nechells, Bordesley Green, Stechford and Hodge Hill.
José Magdalena
José Magdalena Lafuente (1889 – 19 July 1977) was a Spanish cyclist. He won the second edition of the Volta a Catalunya in 1912, as well as the Spanish National Road Race Championships in 1910 and 1912.

1912 Volta a Catalunya
The 1912 Volta a Catalunya was the second edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 April to 8 April 1912. The race started and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by José Magdalena.
Amar Dedić
Amar Dedić (pronounced [ǎmar dêːditɕ]; born 18 August 2002) is a professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Primeira Liga club Benfica. Born in Austria, he plays for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Dedić started his professional career at Red Bull Salzburg, who assigned him to Liefering in 2019 and loaned him to Wolfsberger AC in 2021 and to Marseille in 2025. Later that year, he signed with Benfica.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dedić made his senior international debut in 2022, earning over 20 caps since.

Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team
The Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team (Bosnian: Fudbalska reprezentacija Bosne i Hercegovine; Croatian: Nogometna reprezentacija Bosne i Hercegovine; Serbian: Фудбалска репрезентација Босне и Херцеговине) represents Bosnia and Herzegovina in men's international football competitions, and is governed by the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Until 1992, Bosnian footballers played for Yugoslavia.

Bosnia and Herzegovina achieved their best result when they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup as winners of their qualifying group. They were eliminated after narrow group stage losses to Argentina and Nigeria and a win over Iran.

The national team has never taken part in a  UEFA European Championship.

The team's highest FIFA World Ranking was 13th, achieved in August 2013.
Pontevedra apparitions
The Pontevedra apparitions refer to a series of reported apparitions of the Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus, experienced by Lúcia dos Santos, one of the Portuguese visionaries of Our Lady of Fátima. These apparitions allegedly took place at the Dorothean convent of Pontevedra, Spain, on December 10, 1925 and February 15, 1926.

Although no canonical inquiry has been initiated by the Catholic Church to assess the authenticity of these apparitions, the First Saturdays Devotion, associated with the apparitions, was approved by the bishop of Leiria on September 13, 1939.

Sanctuary of the Apparitions
The Sanctuary of the Apparitions (Santuario das Aparicións in Galician and Santuario de las Apariciones in Spanish) is a Catholic convent and sanctuary located in Pontevedra, Spain. According to Sister Lúcia, it was here that the child Jesus and the Virgin Mary appeared to her in 1925-1926 and revealed to her the First Saturdays Devotion.

It is the third most visited Marian pilgrimage destination in the world, with over 12 million visits recorded up to 2022. The sanctuary is known as the "Spanish Fátima".
Charles Willeford
Charles Ray Willeford III (January 2, 1919 – March 27, 1988) was an American writer. An author of fiction, poetry, autobiography and literary criticism, Willeford wrote a series of novels featuring hardboiled detective Hoke Moseley. Willeford published steadily from the 1940s on, but vaulted to wider attention with the first Hoke Moseley book, Miami Blues (1984), which is considered one of its era's most influential works of crime fiction. Film adaptations have been made of four of Willeford's novels: Cockfighter, Miami Blues, The Woman Chaser, and The Burnt Orange Heresy.

Miami Blues
Miami Blues is a 1990 American neo-noir black comedy crime drama film written and directed by George Armitage, based on the 1984 novel of the same name by Charles Willeford. It stars Fred Ward (who also served as an executive producer), Alec Baldwin, and Jennifer Jason Leigh.
Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq Ustajlu
Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq Ustajlu (Persian: محمد خان تخماق استاجلو, romanized: Mohammad Xān Toxmāq Ostājlu), also commonly known as Tokhmaq Khan Ustajlu (تخماق خان استاجلو), was a 16th-century Iranian official, diplomat and military leader from the Turkoman Ustajlu tribe. He was appointed as governor (beglarbeg) of Erivan Province (also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd) in 1568–1575. Thereafter, he led an embassy to the Ottoman Empire. On his return, he participated in some judicial developments, and was reappointed as governor of Erivan Province in 1578. In the same year, he served as main commander at the Battle of Çıldır during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590, where his army was routed. A few years later, in 1583, Mohammad Khan Tokhmaq's second tenure over the Erivan Province was brought to an end due to encroachments by the Ottomans, who controlled the province until 1604.

Battle of Çıldır
The Battle of Çıldır was fought on 9 August 1578 during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590). The battle took place in Çıldır, about 150km southwest of Tiflis, the capital of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli.
Onyx Records
Onyx Records, Inc., was a small, independent American record label based in Manhattan, New York, co-founded on July 15, 1971, by Joe Fields (1929–2017) and Don Schlitten (born 1932) and managed by Gentry McCreary (born 1941). Its address was at 160 West 71st Street on the Upper West Side.

Don Schlitten
Don Schlitten (born March 4, 1932) is an American jazz record producer.

Signal Records was founded in 1955 by Jules Colomby (assisted by Schlitten) with Harold Goldberg. His credits for Signal included work with Duke Jordan, Gigi Gryce, and Red Rodney. Signal was sold to Savoy Records in the late 1950s, and after this, Schlitten worked as a freelance producer through the 1960s, including for a period, at Prestige Records. He and Joe Fields co-founded Cobblestone Records in 1972, producing Sonny Stitt and the Newport Jazz Festival 1972 releases from the label. He and Fields also worked together at Muse Records and Onyx Records.

Fields and Schlitten ceased working together in the mid-1970s; Fields continued at Muse, and Schlitten founded Xanadu Records, where he produced Barry Harris, Al Cohn, and Charles McPherson, among others. He also oversaw the reissue of many early bebop sessions.

Aside from production work, Schlitten had extensive credits as a writer of liner notes.
Treason (Ireland) Act 1821
The Treason (Ireland) Act 1821 (1 & 2 Geo. 4. c. 24) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It extended most of the English Treason Act 1695 (7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 3) to Ireland. Previously the 1695 act only applied to England and Scotland (having been extended to Scotland by the Treason Act 1708 (7 Ann. c. 21)).

The whole act was repealed for the Republic of Ireland by the Statute Law Revision Act 1983.

Treason Act 1695
The Treason Act 1695 (7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 3) is an act of the Parliament of England which laid down rules of evidence and procedure in high treason trials. It was passed by the English Parliament but was extended to cover Scotland in 1708 by the Treason Act 1708 (7 Ann. c. 21) and Ireland by the Treason (Ireland) Act 1821 (1 & 2 Geo. 4. c. 24).

The act was notable for the provision that two witnesses were needed to prove a charge of treason, a rule which still exists today in the United States Constitution.

As of 2025, sections 5 and 6 of the act are still in force for England and Wales.
Chur railway station
Chur railway station (German: Bahnhof Chur) serves the town of Chur, capital of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Opened in 1858, it is the most important railway junction in Graubünden.

The station is the terminus of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) standard-gauge main line from Zürich, and is also one of the most important stations on the Rhaetian Railway (RhB) metre-gauge network.

Since 1986, the central Grisonian PostAuto/AutoDaPosta bus terminal has been located above it.

SBB InterCity, InterRegio, and RegioExpress services stop at the station, alongside Rhaetian Railway InterRegio, RegioExpress and Regio services. The station is also served by several Deutsche Bahn InterCity Express trains and by the Glacier Express. Finally, local service is provided by both the St. Gallen and Chur S-Bahn networks.

Chur S-Bahn
The expression Chur S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Chur) is used to describe two S-Bahn-style regional rail services focused upon Chur, the capital of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.  Both of these S-Bahn services run on metre gauge lines, and are operated by the Rhaetian Railway, which also runs the line from Chur to Arosa in similar fashion.
Percy Herbert (bishop)
The Right Reverend Percy Mark Herbert KCVO  (24 April 1885 – 22 January 1968) was the first Bishop of Blackburn from 1927 then Bishop of Norwich from 1942 to 1959. He was the Clerk of the Closet from 1942 to 1963. An active Freemason, he was Provincial Grand Master for Norfolk.

Clerk of the Closet
A Clerk of the Closet is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom.

The ‘closet’ comes from the original name of the Royal Chapel.

The College of Chaplains of the Ecclesiastical Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom is under the Clerk of the Closet, an office dating from 1437. It is normally held by a diocesan bishop of the Church of England, who may, however, remain in office after leaving his see. In 2025 the current Clerk is Richard Jackson, Bishop of Hereford.

Other members of the royal family may also have their own Clerk of the Closet.