hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Constitution Party (Colorado)
The American Constitution Party (ACP) is one of the state of Colorado's political parties. It is affiliated with the national-level Constitution Party, a conservative political party in the United States that says it bases most of its policy positions on the Constitution. The party asserts that the US is a Christian nation founded on the Bible and that American jurisprudence should be restored to what the party claims is its "Biblical foundations". The ACP qualified for major party status in Colorado after receiving more than 36% of the vote in the 2010 gubernatorial election. As the party did not field a candidate in the 2014 election, it reverted to minor party status.

2010 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 2010 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010, to elect the Governor of Colorado, who would serve a four-year term that began in January 2011. One-term incumbent Democrat Bill Ritter announced that he would not run for re-election in 2010. Dan Maes, backed by the Tea Party movement, won the Republican nomination in the primary with 50.6% of the vote and a 1.3% margin over rival Scott McInnis. In claiming victory, Maes called on former representative Tom Tancredo, running as the Constitution Party's nominee to "stop your campaign tonight." Denver mayor John Hickenlooper was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Hickenlooper won the race with over 50% of the vote.
Tsinghua Bamboo Slips
The Tsinghua Bamboo Strips (simplified Chinese: 清华简; traditional Chinese: 清華簡; pinyin: Qīnghuá jiǎn) are a collection of Chinese texts dating to the Warring States period and written in ink on strips of bamboo, that were acquired in 2008 by Tsinghua University, China. The texts were obtained by illegal excavation, probably of a tomb in the area of Hubei or Hunan province, and were then acquired and donated to the university by an alumnus. The very large size of the collection and the significance of the texts for scholarship make it one of the most important discoveries of early Chinese texts to date.

On 7 January 2014 the journal Nature announced that a portion of the Tsinghua Bamboo Strips represent "the world's oldest example" of a decimal multiplication table.

Multiplication table
In mathematics, a multiplication table (sometimes, less formally, a times table) is a mathematical table used to define a multiplication operation for an algebraic system.

The decimal multiplication table was traditionally taught as an essential part of elementary arithmetic around the world, as it lays the foundation for arithmetic operations with base-ten numbers. Many educators believe it is necessary to memorize the table up to 9 × 9.
Clebsch graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Clebsch graph is either of two complementary graphs on 16 vertices, a 5-regular graph with 40 edges and a 10-regular graph with 80 edges. The 80-edge graph is the dimension-5 halved cube graph; it was called the Clebsch graph by Seidel (1968) because of its relation to the configuration of 16 lines on the quartic surface discovered in 1868 by the German mathematician Alfred Clebsch. The 40-edge version is the dimension-5 folded cube graph; it is also known as the Greenwood–Gleason graph after the work of Robert E. Greenwood and Andrew M. Gleason (1955), who used it to evaluate the Ramsey number R(3,3,3) = 17.

Halved cube graph
In graph theory, the halved cube graph or half cube graph of dimension n is the vertex-edge graph of the demihypercube, formed by connecting pairs of vertices at distance exactly two from each other in the hypercube graph. That is, it is the half-square of the hypercube. This connectivity pattern produces two isomorphic graphs, disconnected from each other, each of which is the halved cube graph.
Desjardins Regional County Municipality
Desjardins (French pronunciation: [deʒaʁdɛ̃]) was a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. It and Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière Regional County Municipality were formed from the division of Lévis County in the 1980s. Desjardins ceased to exist when most of it, along with most of Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière RCM, amalgamated into the expanded city of Lévis on January 1, 2002.

Lévis
Lévis (French pronunciation: [levi] ⓘ) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada, located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis, and two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and the Pierre-Laporte Bridge, connect western Lévis with Quebec City.

The population in 2021 was 149,683. Its current incarnation was founded on January 1, 2002, as the result of a merger among ten cities, including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861.

Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Lévis. Its geographical code is 25 as a census division, and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory.
Match fixing in tennis
The issue of match fixing in tennis is an ongoing problem. First reported on by The Sunday Telegraph in 2003, an organisation called the Tennis Integrity Unit was set up in 2008 following an investigation into the problem. In 2011, Daniel Köllerer became the first player to receive a lifetime ban from the sport due to match fixing. Later that year, the organisers of the Wimbledon tournament were provided a list of people suspected of involvement in the issue. In 2016 the BBC reported on "evidence of widespread suspected match-fixing at the top level of world tennis, including at Wimbledon", and in February 2019 the BBC said that tennis was a "sport riddled with corruption".

In 2021 the International Governing Bodies of professional tennis established the International Tennis Integrity Agency as a further step to combat corruption in the sport.

Tennis Integrity Unit
The Tennis Integrity Unit was the organisation responsible for investigating match fixing in tennis since 2008 until 2020. It was replaced by the International Tennis Integrity Agency. It had the ability to impose fines and sanctions, and ban players, umpires, and other tennis officials from participating in tournaments.

The TIU was an operationally independent arm of the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and had the authority to impose fines, sanctions, and bans on players, umpires, and officials involved in corruption. It was set up after an investigation into allegations of match fixing in 2008.
History of IBM mainframe operating systems
The history of IBM mainframe operating systems is significant within the history of mainframe operating systems, because of IBM's long-standing position as the world's largest hardware supplier of mainframe computers. IBM mainframes run operating systems supplied by IBM and by third parties.

The operating systems on early IBM mainframes have seldom been very innovative, except for TSS/360 and the virtual machine systems beginning with CP-67. But the company's well-known reputation for preferring proven technology has generally given potential users the confidence to adopt new IBM systems fairly quickly. IBM's current mainframe operating systems, z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, and z/TPF, are backward compatible successors to those introduced in the 1960s.

VSE (operating system)
VSEn (Virtual Storage Extended) is an operating system for IBM mainframe computers, the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965. It is less common than z/OS and is mostly used on smaller machines.

DOS/VSE was introduced in 1979 as a successor to DOS/VS; in turn, DOS/VSE was succeeded by VSE/SP version 1 in 1983, and VSE/SP version 2 in 1985. In the late 1980s, there was a widespread perception among VSE customers that IBM was planning to discontinue VSE and migrate its customers to MVS instead, although IBM relented and agreed to continue to produce new versions of VSE. In February 2005, IBM announced z/VSE as successor to VSE/ESA 2.7, which was named to reflect the new System z branding for IBM's mainframe product line. In June 2021, 21st Century Software Inc announced that it had licensed the z/VSE source code from IBM with the intention of developing new versions of the operating system. As part of this transfer, z/VSE was renamed to VSEn.
Leishman stain
Leishman stain, also known as Leishman's stain, is used in microscopy for staining blood smears. It is generally used to differentiate between and identify white blood cells, malaria parasites, and trypanosomas. It is based on a methanolic mixture of "polychromed" methylene blue (i.e. demethylated into various azures) and eosin. The methanolic stock solution is stable and also serves the purpose of directly fixing the smear eliminating a prefixing step. If a working solution is made by dilution with an aqueous buffer, the resulting mixture is very unstable and cannot be used for long. Leishman stain is named after its inventor, the Scottish pathologist William Boog Leishman. It is a version of the Romanowsky stain, and is thus similar to and partially replaceable by Giemsa stain, Jenner's stain, and Wright's stain.

William Boog Leishman
Lieutenant-General Sir William Boog Leishman, KCB, KCMG, FRS, FRCP (/ˈliːʃmən/ LEESH-mən; 6 November 1865 – 2 June 1926) was a Scottish pathologist and British Army medical officer. He was Director-General of Army Medical Services from 1923 to 1926.
Spotted linsang
The spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor) is a linsang, a tree-dwelling carnivorous mammal, native to much of Southeast Asia. It is widely, though usually sparsely, recorded, and listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

Asiatic linsang
The Asiatic linsang (Prionodon) is a genus comprising two species native to Southeast Asia: the banded linsang (Prionodon linsang) and the spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor). Prionodon is considered a sister taxon of the Felidae.
New York State Route 50
New York State Route 50 (NY 50) is a 31.67-mile (50.97 km) state highway in the Capital District of New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 5 in Scotia. Its northern terminus is at a junction with NY 32 in the Saratoga County hamlet of Gansevoort.

New York State Route 29
New York State Route 29 (NY 29) is a state highway extending for 94.79 miles (152.55 km) across the eastern portion of the U.S. state of New York. The western terminus of the route is at NY 28 and NY 169 in Middleville, Herkimer County. The eastern terminus of the route is at NY 22 just south of Salem, Washington County. NY 29 also serves the cities of Johnstown and Saratoga Springs and intersects four major north–south roadways: NY 10, NY 30, U.S. Route 9, and U.S. Route 4.

When the NY 29 designation was created in the 1920s, the route extended from Barneveld in the west to Salem in the east. The Trenton-Middleville segment became part of an extended NY 28 in 1930. Since that time, the route has remained virtually unchanged, excluding minor realignments in Fulton County.
Dmitry Kostomarov
Dmitry Pavlovich Kostomarov (Russian: Дмитрий Павлович Костомаров; 23 March 1929 – 9 August 2014) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, dean of the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics at Moscow State University (1990—1999), Professor, Dr.Sc.

MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics
MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics (CMC) (Russian: Факультет вычислительной математики и кибернетики (ВМК)), founded in 1970 by Andrey Tikhonov, is a part of Moscow State University.
Jeremy Atack
Jeremy Atack (born 16 January 1949) received his B.A. from Jesus College of the University of Cambridge in 1971 and his Ph.D. from Indiana University Bloomington in 1976. He is Research Professor Emeritus of Economics at Vanderbilt University, a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research,  a Fellow of the Cliometric Society, and was the Kinkhead Research Scholar at the University of Illinois (1992-1993). He is a noted academic economic historian whose primary research focus is on 19th century US industrialization. He has been president of the Economic History Association (2011–12), the Agricultural History Society (2002-3) and the Business History Conference (1999).

Atack has won five research grants from the National Science Foundation and received the Clio Can award from the Cliometric Society in recognition of his work in cliometrics.

Cliometrics
Cliometrics (/ˌklaɪ.oʊəˈmɛt.rɪks/, also /ˌkliːoʊˈmɛt.rɪks/), sometimes called 'new economic history' or 'econometric history', is the systematic application of economic theory, econometric techniques, and other formal or mathematical methods to the study of history (especially social and economic history). It is a quantitative approach to economic history (as opposed to qualitative or ethnographic).

There has been a revival in 'new economic history' since the late 1990s.
March (music)
A march is a musical composition with a strong regular rhythm which in origin was expressly written for lockstep marching of soldiers. As a musical genre, it is a type of martial music, most frequently performed by a military band during parades.

March music pieces vary widely in mood, ranging from the emotional funeral march in Wagner's Götterdämmerung to the brisk Romantic marches of John Philip Sousa and the militaristic hymns of the late 19th century. Examples of the varied use of the march can be found in Beethoven's Eroica Symphony, in the Marches Militaires of Franz Schubert, in the Marche funèbre in Chopin's Sonata in B flat minor, the "Jäger March" in the Op. 91a by Jean Sibelius, and in the Dead March in Handel's Saul.

Military parade
A military parade is a formation of military personnels whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drill or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.
Cheloniidae
Cheloniidae is a family of typically large marine turtles that are characterised by their common traits such as having a flat streamlined wide and rounded shell and almost paddle-like flippers for their forelimbs. They are the only sea turtles to have stronger front limbs than back limbs. The six species that make up this family are the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle and the Kemp's ridley sea turtle.

Flatback sea turtle
The Australian flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) is a species of sea turtle in the family Cheloniidae. The species is endemic to the sandy beaches and shallow coastal waters of the Australian continental shelf. This turtle gets its common name from the fact that its shell has a flattened, lower dome than the other sea turtles. It can be olive green to grey with a cream underside. It averages from 76 to 96 cm (30 to 38 in) in carapace length and can weigh from 70 to 90 kg (150 to 200 lb). The hatchlings are larger than other sea turtle hatchlings when they hatch and emerge from their nests.

The flatback turtle is listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient scientific information to determine its conservation status at this time. It was previously listed as vulnerable in 1994. It is not as threatened as other sea turtles due to its small dispersal range. This animal can be 31 to 37 inches long and about 100 kg in weight.
Always Ascending
Always Ascending is the fifth studio album by Scottish indie rock band Franz Ferdinand. It was released on 9 February 2018 through the Domino Recording Company. It is the band's first non-collaborative album in over four years, following Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action (2013). It is also their first album to feature new member Julian Corrie, who joined shortly after the departure of Nick McCarthy, and their last to feature drummer Paul Thomson. The album received generally positive reviews from critics. It peaked at number three in Scotland and number six in the UK. Four singles were released from the album: "Always Ascending", "Feel the Love Go", "Lazy Boy" and an alternative version of "Glimpse of Love". Several tracks from the album are featured during scenes or the closing credits of various episodes of the television show Loudermilk.

Always Ascending (song)
"Always Ascending" is a song by Scottish indie rock band Franz Ferdinand. It was released as the lead single from their fifth studio album of the same name on 25 October 2017. Two days before the release of the song the band released a clip of the song. It released along with a shorter edited version.
Launch status check
A launch status check, also known as a "go/no go poll" and several other terms, occurs at the beginning of an American spaceflight mission in which flight controllers monitoring various systems are queried for operation and readiness status before a launch can proceed. For Space Shuttle missions, in the firing room at the Launch Control Center, the NASA Test Director (NTD) performed this check via a voice communications link with other NASA personnel. The NTD was the leader of the shuttle test team responsible for directing and integrating all flight crew, orbiter, external tank/solid rocket booster and ground support testing in the shuttle launch countdown. The NTD was also responsible for the safety of all personnel inside the pad after external tank loading, including the flight crew, about 10 go/no go reports. He reported to the Launch Director, who has another about 5 go/no go reports. The Launch director declares if a mission is go for launch.

Flight controller
Flight controllers are personnel who aid space flight by working in mission control centers such as NASA's Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center or ESA's European Space Operations Centre. Flight controllers work at computer consoles and use telemetry to monitor various technical aspects of a space mission in real-time. Each controller is an expert in a specific area and constantly communicates with additional experts in the "back room". The flight director, who leads the flight controllers, monitors the activities of a team of flight controllers, and has overall responsibility for success and safety.
R324 road (Ireland)
The R324 road is a regional road in south central County Mayo in Ireland. It connects the N60 road near Balla to the R320 road near Kiltimagh. The road is 8.8 kilometres (5.5 mi) long (map of the road).

The government legislation that defines the R324, the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 (Statutory Instrument 54 of 2012), provides the following official description:

R324: Balla — Kiltimagh, County Mayo

Between its junction with N60 at Moat and its junction with R320 at Derryvohy via Craggagh and Ballinamore all in the county of Mayo.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Artillery Battalion (Norway)
The Artillery Battalion (Norwegian: Artilleribataljonen) is a combat support unit in the Norwegian army, as a part of the Northern brigade. The unit numbers 560 soldiers and officers. As the brigade's artillery battalion, its mission is to provide fire support for land operations through field artillery, air support and ship artillery. The Artillery Battalion also provides personnel for national preparedness and operations abroad. The battalion has its headquarters in Setermoen camp in Troms county and one battery in Rena camp in Innlandet county.

The battalion's main weapons are K9 Thunder self-propelled howitzers and NASAMS III air-defence system.

Setermoen
Setermoen is the administrative centre of Bardu Municipality in Troms county, Norway.  The village is located along the Barduelva river, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the village of Sjøvegan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Bardufoss.

In 1999, the municipal council of Bardu Municipality passed a resolution declaring town status for the village of Setermoen, but this was rejected by the government of Norway since the municipality has less than 5,000 inhabitants. The 2.87-square-kilometre (710-acre) village has a population (2023) of 2,505 and a population density of 873 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,260/sq mi).
SKIF Nizhny Novgorod
HK SKIF Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: ХК СКИФ Нижний Новгород) were a Russian professional ice hockey team in the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL) until 2022, at which time their league rights were transferred to Hockey Club Torpedo and the team became ZhHK Torpedo. HC SKIF played in Nizhny Novgorod at the KRK Nagorny. SKIF won the Russian Championship in women's ice hockey twelve times, three more wins than any other team, and won the IIHF European Women's Champions Cup in 2009 and 2015.

The team was founded in Moscow in 1995 as Luzhniki Moscow. They were subsequently known as CSK VVS Moscow (1996–1998), Viking Moscow (1998–2000), and SKIF Moscow (2000–2006). In 2006 the team moved from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod and were renamed SKIF Nizhny Novgorod.

2014–15 IIHF European Women's Champions Cup
The 2014–15 IIHF European Women's Champions Cup was the eleventh competition held for the IIHF European Women's Champions Cup. It was the last holding of the tournament before its scheduled stoppage in 2015. SKIF Nizhny Novgorod of Russia's Women's Hockey League won the tournament for the second time; the team had previously won the cup in 2009.

The tournament was the setting for the first instance of the “four-man officiating system” - two referees and two linesmen - at an IIHF women’s hockey tournament. The first puck-drop with four officials occurred in the Round 2 game between the Vienna Capitals and HC Poprad in Nizhny Novgorod with referees Kaisa Ketonen (FIN) and Marie Picavet (FRA), and linesmen Yekaterina Mikhalyova (KAZ) and Olga Steinberg (RUS).
Atlantic Crossing (TV series)
Atlantic Crossing is a historical drama in the form of a television miniseries set in Norway and the United States during World War II.  The series is wide-ranging but pays special attention to interactions between Crown Princess Martha of Norway and President Franklin Roosevelt during the period when Martha was a war refugee in the United States after fleeing the 1940 Nazi Invasion of Norway.

Some portions with Norwegian, Danish or Swedish spoken dialogue are subtitled in English. It premiered on 25 October 2020 on NRK in Norway. The series premiered 4 April 2021 on Masterpiece on PBS.

Princess Märtha of Sweden
Princess Märtha of Sweden (Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra; 28 March 1901 – 5 April 1954) was Crown Princess of Norway as the spouse of the future King Olav V from 1929 until her death in 1954. As Olav only became king in 1957, Märtha never became Queen of Norway. Her son, Harald V, is the current king of Norway. Princess Märtha was also an elder sister of Queen Astrid of Belgium and a maternal aunt of Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg and Kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium.

In 1940, Crown Princess Märtha and her family were immersed in World War II as 
Germany invaded Norway. After escaping to her home country of Sweden, and then being evacuated to America by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, she effectively advocated for Norway and did fundraising until the end of the war. In 1942, King Haakon VII of Norway, Märtha's father-in-law, invested her as a Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav.