hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romolo Griffini
Romolo Griffini (26 May 1825 – 9 January 1888) was a Milanese physician, social reformer and patriot-activist.   He was also, at various stages in his career, a newspaper journalist-editor

Patriotic aspirations, in the context of the time and place, involved the Risorgimento goals of removing the Austrian military occupation from northern Italy and creating a political union in the region south of the Alps which might present a politically progressive and militarily more formidable counter-weight to the imperial ambitions of Austria and France.

Pietro Maestri
Pietro Maestri (28 February 1816 – 4 July 1871) was an Italian risorgimento-patriot.   Although he trained as a physician, he is better remembered for his activism in support of a democratic and liberated Italy, as well as for his subsequent career as an economist-statistician.   He inherited a passion for statistics from his father, and worked for the government after 1861 as Director of the National Statistical Council (la "Giunta centrale di statistica").   He was something of a pioneer in the field of government statistics and probability theory, although for Maestri Statistics were very much a device of politics and national economics.   It would be left to his successor in the post, Luigi Bodio, to demonstrate the extent to which, during a time of rapid social and economic change, government statistics could become a tool to build understanding of social facts and developments.
Veterinary Medicines Directorate
The Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) is an Executive Agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) seeking to protect public health, animal health, the environment and promoting animal welfare by assuring the safety, quality and efficacy of veterinary medicines in the United Kingdom.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a ministerial department of the government of the United Kingdom. The department is responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England. Concordats set out agreed frameworks for cooperation, between it and the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, which have devolved responsibilities for these matters in their respective nations.

Defra also leads for the United Kingdom on agricultural, fisheries and environmental matters in international negotiations on sustainable development and climate change, although a new Department of Energy and Climate Change was created on 3 October 2008 to take over the last responsibility; later transferred to the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister in July 2016.
Moana (franchise)
Moana (also known as Vaiana or Oceania in some markets) is a Disney media franchise that originally started in 2016 with the release of the American animated feature film Moana, produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, and released by Walt Disney Pictures.

The franchise consists of two animated films, Moana (2016) and its sequel Moana 2 (2024), as well as a live-action remake adaptation of the 2016 film, scheduled to be released on July 10, 2026.

Moana (2026 film)
Moana is an upcoming American musical adventure film that is a live-action adaptation of Disney Animation's 2016 film Moana, and the third installment in the Moana franchise. It is being directed by Thomas Kail in his feature directional debut from a screenplay by Jared Bush and Dana Ledoux Miller, and produced by Dwayne Johnson, Hiram and Dany Garcia, Beau Flynn, and songwriter Lin-Manuel Miranda. It stars Catherine Laga'aia in her film debut as Moana and Johnson reprising his role as Maui from the animated films.

Development of a live-action Moana film was announced by Johnson in April 2023. Kail was hired as director in May of the same year and Lagaʻaia was announced in the title role in June 2024, along with the main supporting cast. Principal photography occurred in Atlanta and Hawaii between July and November 2024.

Moana is scheduled to be released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in the United States on July 10, 2026.
West Kootenay South
West Kootenay South was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada, in the 1894 election only. Its official name was "West Kootenay (south riding)". It was formed from the division of the older Kootenay riding, one of the province's first twelve constituencies, which for the 1890 election was redistributed into:

West Kootenay

East Kootenay

The West Kootenay riding was further redistributed for the 1898 election into the ridings of:

West Kootenay-Nelson, a provincial district from 1900 to 1903

West Kootenay-Revelstoke, a provincial district from 1900 to 1903

West Kootenay-Rossland, a provincial district from 1900 to 1903

West Kootenay-Slocan, a provincial district from 1900 to 1903

West Kootenay (provincial electoral district)
West Kootenay was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia  Canada. It was formed along with East Kootenay from a redistribution of the old Kootenay riding, which was one of the province's original twelve.
Aheloy Nunatak
Aheloy Nunatak (Bulgarian: Ахелойски Нунатак, romanized: Aheloyski Nunatak, IPA: [ɐxɛˈɫɔjski ˈnunɐtɐk]) is a rocky 390m peak in the  upper Huron Glacier in Livingston Island.  The peak forms the northeast extremity of a minor ridge which also features Erma Knoll and Lozen Nunatak, and is linked to Zograf Peak by Lozen Saddle.  The peak was first visited on 31 December 2004 by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia, and was mapped in the Bulgarian Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey.  The peak was named after the Black Sea town of Aheloy, Bulgaria.

Zograf Peak
Zograf Peak (Greek: κορυφή Ζωγράφου, romanized: koryfi Zografou, Bulgarian: връх Зограф, romanized: vrah Zograf, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ zoˈɡraf]) rises to 1,010 m (3,310 ft) at the northeast extremity of Friesland Ridge in Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The peak is heavily glaciated and crevassed, with precipitous and partly ice-free northern slopes. The peak surmounts Huron Glacier to the north and Shipka Valley to the east, and is accessible via the saddle of elevation 975 m linking it to the north rib of Lyaskovets Peak.  The peak is linked to the northeast by Lozen Saddle to Lozen Nunatak, Erma Knoll and Aheloy Nunatak.

The peak is named after the Bulgarian Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos.

First ascent by Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia on 31 December 2004.
Cosumnes River College
Cosumnes River College is a public community college in Sacramento, California. It opened in 1970, taking its name from the Cosumnes River, which flows a few miles to the south. As of Fall 2018, enrollment was at 14,439 students at its main and satellite campus in Elk Grove, California. The college is part of the Los Rios Community College District and part of 4 colleges under the district after Folsom Lake College, a former satellite campus, attained independence in 2004.

Elk Grove, California
Elk Grove is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States. Located just south of the state capital of Sacramento, it is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area. As of the 2020 Census, the population of the city was 176,124. A 2024 Census estimate puts the population of the city at 182,797. Elk Grove has many wineries, wine cellars, and vineyards. Elk Grove was the fastest-growing city in the U.S. between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2005, and is also presently the second-largest city in Sacramento County by population.

It is a general law city with a council/manager form of government. One of Elk Grove's largest employers is the Elk Grove Unified School District, which is the city's second-largest employer.
Shish kofta
Shish kofta (‏şiş köfte‎) (Turkish) is a type of kebab-style kofta dish in Turkish cuisine.

The dish consists of minced lamb, mutton, veal or beef, or a mixture of these meats mixed with herbs, often including parsley and mint, placed on a şiş (skewer) and grilled. It is typically served with pilav (Turkish-style rice or bulgur wheat) and salad.

There are several regional variations on shish kofta. Tire köfte is made mainly with veal.

The city of Burdur is known for its distinct variant of shish kofta known as Burdur şiş, which is traditionally made with minced goat meat (or more commonly with beef today), with salt but no spices or herbs, and eaten with a special type of pita bread. Burdur şiş was officially recognised as a distinct variant of shish kofta by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office in 2010.

Shish kofta is also the basis of yoğurtlu kebap (kebab with yogurt).

Burdur şiş
Burdur şiş, which is popular in and around Burdur, Turkey, is a type of kebab or köfte dish in Turkish cuisine. It is made differently than şiş köfte, as it does not contain any spice or herbs except salt and it is always eaten with a special type of pide. Burdur şiş obtained geographical indication from the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office in 2010.
VSE (operating system)
VSEn (Virtual Storage Extended) is an operating system for IBM mainframe computers, the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965. It is less common than z/OS and is mostly used on smaller machines.

DOS/VSE was introduced in 1979 as a successor to DOS/VS; in turn, DOS/VSE was succeeded by VSE/SP version 1 in 1983, and VSE/SP version 2 in 1985. In the late 1980s, there was a widespread perception among VSE customers that IBM was planning to discontinue VSE and migrate its customers to MVS instead, although IBM relented and agreed to continue to produce new versions of VSE. In February 2005, IBM announced z/VSE as successor to VSE/ESA 2.7, which was named to reflect the new System z branding for IBM's mainframe product line. In June 2021, 21st Century Software Inc announced that it had licensed the z/VSE source code from IBM with the intention of developing new versions of the operating system. As part of this transfer, z/VSE was renamed to VSEn.

Z/OS
z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM z/Architecture mainframes, introduced by IBM in October 2000. It derives from and is the successor to OS/390, which in turn was preceded by a string of MVS versions. Like OS/390, z/OS combines a number of formerly separate, related products, some of which are still optional. z/OS has the attributes of modern operating systems but also retains much of the older functionality that originated in the 1960s and is still in regular use—z/OS is designed for backward compatibility.
Steeple House railway station
Steeple House railway station was a railway station on the Cromford and High Peak Railway serving the market town of Wirksworth and village of Middleton-by-Wirksworth in Derbyshire, England. It was located on the former line between High Peak Junction near Cromford and the Parsley Hay near Buxton.

Cromford and High Peak Railway
The Cromford and High Peak Railway (C&HPR) was a standard-gauge line between the Cromford Canal wharf at High Peak Junction and the Peak Forest Canal at Whaley Bridge. The railway, which was completed in 1831, was built to carry minerals and goods through the hilly rural terrain of the Peak District within Derbyshire, England. The route was marked by a number of roped worked inclines. Due to falling traffic, the entire railway was closed by 1967.

The remains of the line, between Dowlow and Cromford, has now become the High Peak Trail, a route on the National Cycle Network.
Today (website)
Today was a Singaporean digital news magazine published by Mediacorp. It was originally established on 10 November 2000 as a free print newspaper, competing primarily with Singapore Press Holdings' (SPH) Streats.

In 2004, SPH announced an agreement to take stakes in Mediacorp's publishing and television businesses, resulting in the discontinuation of Streats and the sale of its two SPH MediaWorks channels to the company. In 2017, Today ended print publication, continuing as a digital publication. In October 2024, Today was merged into CNA, becoming a weekly digital news magazine devoted to long-form journalism.

SPH MediaWorks
SPH MediaWorks Ltd. (Chinese: 报业传讯; pinyin: bào yè chuán xùn) was a free-to-air terrestrial television broadcaster in Singapore that operated two television channels: Channel U and Channel i, as well as two radio stations: UFM 1003 and WKRZ 91.3FM. It merged with the city-state's long-established broadcasting company, Mediacorp, in 2004.
NDUFB1
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB1 gene. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 1, 7kDa is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.

Respiratory complex I
Respiratory complex I, EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane of bacteria.

This enzyme is essential for the normal functioning of cells, and mutations in its subunits lead to a wide range of inherited neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Defects in this enzyme are responsible for the development of several pathological processes such as ischemia/reperfusion damage (stroke and cardiac infarction), Parkinson's disease and others.
Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke of Aiguillon
Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu, Duke of Aiguillon (French pronunciation: [emanɥɛl aʁmɑ̃ də viɲʁo dy plɛsi]; 31 July 1720 – 1 September 1788) was a French Royal Army officer and politician. A nephew of Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, until his father's death in 1750 he was known as the Duke of Agénois. He led a regiment in Italy during the War of the Austrian Succession and was seriously wounded at the siege of Château-Dauphin (1744). He was appointed commandant of Brittany in 1753 and defended it against British landing force at Saint-Cast (1758) in the Seven Years' War. He later served as the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and briefly as Secretary of State for War under King Louis XV.

Battle of Saint-Cast
The Battle of Saint-Cast was a military engagement during the Seven Years' War on the French coast between British naval and land expeditionary forces and French coastal defence forces. Fought on 11 September 1758, it was won by the French, as they attacked a numerically superior British field force and drove it back to the ships, having suffered relatively minor casualties.

During the Seven Years' War, Britain mounted numerous amphibious expeditions against France and French possessions around the world. In 1758 a number of expeditions, then called descents, were made against the northern coast of France. The military objectives of the descents were to capture and destroy French ports, divert French land forces from Germany, and suppress privateers operating from the French coast. The battle of Saint-Cast was the final engagement of a descent in force that ended in a French victory.
Blythe House
Blythe House is a listed building located at 23 Blythe Road, West Kensington, London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, UK. Originally built as the headquarters of the Post Office Savings Bank, it was next used as a store and archive by the Victoria and Albert, Science and British Museums. In the 2015 Autumn Statement the Government announced it would fund new storage for the museums and then sell off Blythe House.

Science Museum, London
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually in 2019.

Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission, although visitors are requested to make a donation if they are able. Temporary exhibitions may incur an admission fee.

It is one of the five museums in the Science Museum Group.
The Bassmachine
The Bassmachine is the debut studio album by Swedish musician Basshunter. It was released on 25 August 2004 by Alex Music. In 2005 a remastered version of this album was released, with better sound quality and volume. In 2006 album was released on Basshunter webpage as The Bass Machine. All tracks listed on the album were re-released on The Early Bedroom Sessions in 2012.

The Early Bedroom Sessions
The Early Bedroom Sessions is a second compilation album of electronic music that was recorded by Swedish musician Basshunter. The album is composed of 23 tracks in Swedish and English taken from his earlier releases. It was first released digitally on the Rush Hour label from 3 December 2012 and was later released as a double CD album on Ultra Records on 29 January 2013.
Roger Vaughan of Bredwardine
Sir Roger Vaughan of Bredwardine (died 25 October 1415), also known as Roger Fychan or Roger the younger, was a Welsh gentleman, described as having possessed wealth, rank, and high respectability.  Roger's seat, Bredwardine Castle, is estimated to have been a strong and formidable fortress, located on the banks of the Wye river in Herefordshire, two miles north of Moccas Court. Bredwardine Castle is thought to have furnished much of the material for the building of Moccas Court.

Bredwardine Castle
Bredwardine Castle was sited in the village of Bredwardine in Herefordshire, England beside the River Wye. Thought to have been built in the second half of the 12th century. By the 15th century it had become a ruin.
Falcons Flight
Falcons Flight is a launched roller coaster located at Six Flags Qiddiya City in Qiddiya City, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Manufactured by Intamin, the steel coaster opened on December 31, 2025, as the tallest, fastest, and longest roller coaster in the world surpassing Top Thrill 2, Formula Rossa, and Steel Dragon 2000, respectively. Featuring a height of 163 m (535 ft) and an elevation change of 195 m (640 ft), Falcons Flight opened as the world's first exa coaster.

Launched roller coaster
The launched roller coaster is a type of roller coaster that initiates a ride with high amounts of acceleration via one or a series of linear induction motors (LIM), linear synchronous motors (LSM), catapults, tires, chains, or other mechanisms employing hydraulic or pneumatic power, along a launch track. This mode of acceleration powers many of the fastest roller coasters in the world.
Kolkata–Radhikapur Express
The Kolkata–Radhikapur Express is an Express train belonging to Eastern Railway zone that runs between Kolkata (KOAA) and Radhikapur (RDP) in India. It is currently being operated with 13145/13146 train numbers on a daily basis.

Kolkata railway station
Kolkata railway station (KOAA) is the one of the large intercity railway stations serving Kolkata Metropolitan Area in West Bengal, India. The others are Sealdah, Howrah, Shalimar, Dankuni and Santragachi Junction. It is situated in the Belgachia locality of North Kolkata.
Diatreme
A diatreme, sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion. When magma rises up through a crack in Earth's crust and makes contact with a shallow body of groundwater, rapid expansion of heated water vapor and volcanic gases can cause a series of explosions. A relatively shallow crater (known as a maar) is left, and a rock-filled fracture (the actual diatreme) in the crust.  Where diatremes breach the surface they produce a steep, inverted cone shape.

Volcanic pipe
Volcanic pipes or volcanic conduits are subterranean geological structures formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes. They are a type of diatreme composed of a deep, narrow carrot-shaped cone of solidified magma usually composed of kimberlite or lamproite. These rocks reflect the composition of the volcanoes' deep magma sources rich in magnesium. They are the primary source of diamonds and are mined for this purpose. While diatremes are common, being the second commonest form of magma extrusion reaching the surface, volcanic pipes are relatively rare.
Alfonso Enríquez de Santo Tomás
Alfonso Enríquez de Santo Tomás (9 June 1631 – 30 July 1692) was a Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Osma (1661–1663), Bishop of Plasencia (1664–1664) and Bishop of Malaga (1664–1692). He was an illegitimate son of King Felipe IV of Spain.

He was officially the "legitimate and natural son" of José Enríquez de Guzmán y de Porres, gentleman of the King's chambers, and Constanza de Ribera y Orozco, lady-in-waiting to Queen Isabel de Borbón. The reality was very different: the child was the fruit of a love affair of King Felipe IV of Spain with the aforementioned lady. His legal father was forced to marry Constance in a hurry, for which he was rewarded by the monarch.

At seventeen, the young aristocrat decided to embrace Dominican religious life and renounce his noble titles. He first became Bishop of Osma and Bishop of Plasencia, before being appointed Bishop of Malaga, a position he would hold for 28 years until his death.

Diocese of Osma-Soria
The Diocese of Osma-Soria  (Latin: Oxomen(sis)–Sorian(a)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Spain. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Burgos. Its cathedral episcopal see is Catedral de Santa María de la Asunción, dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, in El Burgo de Osma. It also has a co-cathedral, Concatedral de San Pedro, dedicated to St. Peter, in Soria, and a minor basilica: Basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Miagros Miagros, in Ágreda, Soria, Castile and León, Spain.
Bruno Walter
Bruno Walter (born Bruno Schlesinger, September 15, 1876 – February 17, 1962) was a German-born conductor, pianist, and composer. Born in Berlin, he left Nazi Germany in 1933, was naturalised as a French citizen in 1938, and settled in the United States in 1939. He worked closely with Gustav Mahler, whose music he helped to establish in the repertory, held major positions with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Salzburg Festival, Vienna State Opera, Bavarian State Opera, Staatsoper Unter den Linden and Deutsche Oper Berlin, among others, made recordings of historical and artistic significance, and is widely considered to be one of the great conductors of the 20th century.

Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: Koninklĳk Concertgebouworkest, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəbʌu.ɔrˌkɛst]) is a Dutch symphony orchestra, established in 1888 at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall). It is considered one of the world's leading orchestras. It was known as the Concertgebouw Orchestra until Queen Beatrix conferred the "Royal" prefix upon it in celebration of its centenary in 1988; the prefix was also granted to the concert hall in 2013.
Nzérékoré Region
The Nzérékoré Region (N'Ko: ߒߛߙߍߜߍ߬ߘߍ߫ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲) is one of the eight administrative regions of Guinea. Spread across an area of 37,668 km2 (14,544 sq mi), its capital and largest city is Nzérékoré. Located in the south-west corner of the country, it is bordered by the countries of Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast, and the Guinean regions of Kankan and Faranah.

Kankan Region
10°30′N 9°15′W﻿ / ﻿10.500°N 9.250°W﻿ / 10.500; -9.250

Kankan Region (N'Ko: ߞߊ߲ߞߊ߲߫ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲) is a region of Guinea located in the east of the country. It is the largest region of Guinea by area. The region has five (5) prefectures (Kankan, Kérouané, Kouroussa, Mandiana and Siguiri).

It is bordered by the countries of Mali and Côte d'Ivoire and the Guinean regions of Nzérékoré and Faranah.