hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ralph Pugh
Ralph Bernard Pugh (1 August 1910 – 3 December 1982) was an historian and editor of the Victoria History of the Counties of England from 1949 to 1977.

He was also a professor of English history at the University of London, a Fellow of St Edmund Hall, Oxford, a teacher of palaeography, and an expert on medieval penology.

Victoria County History
The Victoria History of the Counties of England, commonly known as the Victoria County History  (VCH), is an English history project which began in 1899 with the aim of creating an encyclopaedic history of each of the historic counties of England, and was dedicated to Queen Victoria. In 2012 the project was rededicated to Queen Elizabeth II in celebration of her Diamond Jubilee year.: 7  Since 1933 the project has been coordinated by the Institute of Historical Research in the University of London.
Hawthorne, California
Hawthorne is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is part of a seventeen-city subregion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area commonly known as the South Bay. As of the 2020 US census, Hawthorne had a population of 88,083.

Hawthorne is widely known as the home of The Beach Boys.

Lawndale, California
Lawndale is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 31,807 at the 2020 census, down from 32,769 at the 2010 census. The city is in the South Bay region of the Greater Los Angeles Area.
Thomas Jesse Lee
Thomas Jesse Lee (October 20, 1758 – September 7, 1805) was an American lawyer, planter, and politician. He served as the 34th and 38th Sheriff of Prince William County. He was a descendant of the Lee Family of Virginia.

Ludwell Lee
Ludwell Lee (October 13, 1760 – March 23, 1836) was an American lawyer and planter who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly representing Prince William and Fairfax Counties and rose to become the Speaker of the Virginia Senate. Beginning in 1799, following the death of his first wife, Lee built Belmont Manor, a planation house in Loudoun County, Virginia (created from Fairfax and Prince William Counties in 1757, his uncle Francis Lightfoot Lee having served as that county's first Burgess alongside James Hamilton), which today is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Coburn Gore–Woburn Border Crossing
The Coburn Gore–Woburn Border Crossing connects the towns of Woburn, Quebec, and Coburn Gore, Maine, along the Canada–United States border. It is a land crossing, located where Quebec Route 161 and Maine State Route 27 meet. The U.S. border station, built in 1931, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

North Franklin, Maine
North Franklin is an unorganized territory in Franklin County, Maine, United States. The population was 41 at the 2020 census. The territory consists of 13 townships and three gores, namely Lang, Davis, Tim Pond, Stetsontown, Jim Pond, Alder Stream, Seven Ponds, Kibby, Chain of Ponds, Massachusetts Gore, Coburn Gore, Skinner, Merrill Strip, Lowelltown, Gorham Gore, and Beattie.
La Chauve-Souris
La Chauve-Souris (French: The Bat) was the name of a touring revue during the early 1900s. Originating in Moscow and then Paris, and directed by Nikita Balieff, the revue toured the United States, Europe, and South Africa. The show consisted of songs, dances, and sketches, most of which had been originally performed in Russia. The revue was enormously successful in the U.S., and one of its legacies is the popularization of the jaunty tune The Parade of the Wooden Soldiers by Leon Jessel.

The Parade of the Tin Soldiers
The Parade of the Tin Soldiers (Die Parade der Zinnsoldaten), also known as The Parade of the Wooden Soldiers (Die Parade der Holzsoldaten),  is an instrumental musical character piece, in the form of a popular jaunty march, written by German composer Leon Jessel, in 1897.

The Parade of the Tin Soldiers was originally composed for solo piano. Jessel later published it for orchestra in 1905, as Opus 123. Today, it is also a popular tune for marching bands, concert bands, and small orchestras, and for extremely diverse alternate instrumentations as well.

Since the early 1920s, the piece has been very popular in the U.S., and has also been frequently performed and recorded worldwide. A song, "The Parade of the Wooden Soldiers", was also created from the piece in 1922, with English lyrics by Ballard MacDonald.
Polkton, North Carolina
Polkton is a town in Anson County, North Carolina,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 2,250, down from 3,375 in 2010.

The town is named after its founder, Leonidas L. Polk.

Leonidas L. Polk
Leonidas Lafayette Polk (April 24, 1837 – June 11, 1892), or L.L. Polk, was an American farmer, journalist and political figure. He was a leader of the Farmers' Alliance and helped found the Populist Party.
Lucknow Super Giants
The Lucknow Super Giants, also known as LSG, are a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). The franchise is owned by RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group. Ekana Cricket Stadium is its home ground. As of 2025, the team is coached by Justin Langer and captained by Rishabh Pant.

Since the first appearance in 2022, the team has reached the playoffs in two seasons (2022, 2023) and finished at 7th in points table in 2024 and 2025. Currently, LSG are the only active team to have never reached an IPL final.

2022 Indian Premier League
The 2022 Indian Premier League (also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022) was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.

The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.

In the final, Gujarat Titans beat Rajasthan Royals, by seven wickets to win their maiden title in their first season.
Sir Guy Carleton Elementary School
Sir Guy Carleton Elementary School, often shortened to Carleton School or Carleton, is an elementary school located at the southern periphery of the Renfrew-Collingwood neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Vancouver School District.

Founded as Vancouver East School in 1896, it is the oldest school in the city. It was renamed Collingwood Heights School in 1908, following the completion of the wooden "frame building" the year prior. The school took its present name, named for Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, in 1911, when construction on the main "brick building" began.

The school has had a turbulent history since the late 2000s; it was the site of two major fires and a murder, and the Vancouver School Board (VSB) has proposed to close down the school four times. Green Thumb Theatre, a local children's theatre company, leased the original schoolhouse (Carleton Hall) in 2011 to prevent its closure and demolition.

Renfrew–Collingwood
Renfrew–Collingwood is a large neighbourhood that lies on the eastern side of Vancouver,  British Columbia, Canada, on its boundary with Burnaby and encompassing an area that was one of the earlier developed regions of the city. It is a diverse area that includes a substantial business community in several areas, as well as some of the fastest-growing residential sectors of Vancouver. In 2011, the neighbourhood had a population of 50,500, 38.4% of whom claim Chinese as their first language.
Azio Corghi
Azio Corghi (9 March 1937 – 17 November 2022) was an Italian composer, academic teacher and musicologist. He composed mostly operas and chamber music. His operas are often based on literature, especially in collaboration with José Saramago as librettist. His first opera, Gargantua, was premiered at the Teatro Regio in Turin in 1984, his second opera, Blimunda, was first performed at La Scala in Milan in the 1989/90 season, and his third opera, Divara – aqua e sangue, was premiered in 1993 at the Theater Münster, Germany. He taught composition at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome, among other academies. In 2005, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

Divara – Wasser und Blut
Divara – Wasser und Blut (Divara, Water and Blood) is a German-language opera by Azio Corghi to a libretto by the composer after the play In Nomine Dei by José Saramago, which tells the story of the Dutch "Anabaptist queen" Divara van Haarlem and the Münster Rebellion of 1534.

The opera was premiered at Theater Münster 31 October 1993. The opera had originally been conceived for performance in Italian, as Divara – acqua e sangue, as the composer's previous collaboration with Saramago, Blimunda, based on the 1994 novel Baltasar and Blimunda (original title Memorial do convento).
Abdullahi dan Fodio
Abdullahi ɗan Fodio ⓘ (Arabic: عبد الله بن فودي, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Fūdī; ca. 1766–1828), was a prominent Islamic scholar, jurist, poet, grammarian, and theologian, and the first Amir of Gwandu (r. 1812–1828) and first Wazirin Sokoto (Grand Vizier of Sokoto). His brother, Usman dan Fodio (1754–1817) was the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate. Usman, being more of a scholar than politician, delegated the practical regency of the western part of his empire to Abdullahi and the eastern part to his son Muhammed Bello, who later became the Sultan of Sokoto after his father.

Gwandu
Gwandu, also called Gando, is a local government area in Kebbi State, with its headquarters at Gwandu town. Established by the founder of the Kebbi Kingdom, Muhammadu Kanta, the settlement was used as royal farmland (gandu) by the kingdom's rulers for centuries. Following the founding of the Sokoto Caliphate in the 19th century and the decline of Kebbi, Gwandu became a co-capital of the Caliphate, from which its Emirs oversaw the western and southern territories. The capital of the Gwandu Emirate was later changed to Birnin Kebbi in 1906.
CHAMPS (China)
CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Ma'anshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang) is an acronym that represents the top 20 emerging cities in China. It was coined in October 2010 by Stephen Joske, Director, China Forecasting, for the Economist Intelligence Unit. It was created to support a report conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit's Access China Service, 'CHAMPS: China's fastest-growing cities'. These cities are favoured for several reasons, including the breadth of business opportunities available, the ongoing construction boom, rising home and vehicle ownership and spending on personal appliances.

Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the British media company The Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation, a UK company acquired by its parent company in 1986. The EIU has its main offices in four cities—London, NYC, Hong Kong and Dubai.

The Managing Director of the EIU is Leon Calvert, who was appointed in April 2025. The former MD was Robin Bew, formerly the Editorial Director and Chief Economist.
François Xavier d'Entrecolles
François Xavier d'Entrecolles (1664 in Lyon – 1741 in Beijing; Chinese name: 殷弘绪, Yin Hongxu) was a French Jesuit priest, who learned the Chinese technique of manufacturing porcelain through his investigations in China at Jingdezhen with the help of Chinese Catholic converts between 1712 and 1722, during the rule of the Kangxi Emperor.  His observations were published in a long letter in 1712, and carefully studied in several European countries, even though Meissen porcelain was already making hard-paste porcelain in Germany by then. The letter's author was given as Père d'Entrecolles ("Father d'Entrecolles"), and he is still very often referred to as this.

Jingdezhen
Jingdezhen is a prefecture-level city in eastern Jiangxi province with a total population of 1,669,057 (2018), bordering Anhui to the north. It is known as the "Porcelain Capital" because it has been producing Chinese ceramics for at least 1,000 years, and for much of that period Jingdezhen porcelain was the most important and finest quality in China.  The city has a well-documented history that stretches back over 2,000 years.
Max Riemelt
Max Riemelt (born 7 January 1984) is a German actor. He is known internationally for playing Wolfgang Bogdanow in the Netflix series Sense8. In Germany, he is known for his many appearances on television and in films, including Before the Fall, Free Fall and the 2023 series Bonn. He has appeared in many productions directed by Dennis Gansel and Dominik Graf.

Bonn (TV series)
Bonn (German: Bonn – Alte Freunde, neue Feinde; lit. "Bonn – Old friends, new enemies") is a six-part German political thriller TV series released in January 2023, directed by Claudia Garde, who is also lead writer. Set in the Federal Republic of Germany in the aftermath of World War II in the 1950s, the series stars Mercedes Müller in the lead role as the young woman Toni. The cast includes Max Riemelt, Sebastian Blomberg, Martin Wuttke, Juergen Maurer, Johanna Gastdorf and Christian Harting.
Chaoulli v Quebec (AG)
Chaoulli v Quebec (AG) [2005] 1 S.C.R. 791, 2005 SCC 35, was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada of which the Court ruled that the Quebec Health Insurance Act and the Hospital Insurance Act prohibiting private medical insurance in the face of long wait times, up to 9 months, violated the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. In a 4 to 3 decision, the Court found the Acts violated Quebecers' right to life and security of person under the Quebec Charter. The ruling is binding only in Quebec. Three of the seven judges also found that the laws violated section seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. One judge did not rule on the Canadian Charter. The result was a 3–3 tie on the question of the Canadian Charter, so the Chaoulli decision does not apply to any other province.

Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government in Canada. There are three types of protection within the section: the right to life, liberty and security of the person. Denials of these rights are constitutional only if the denials do not breach what is referred to as fundamental justice.

This Charter provision provides both substantive and procedural rights. It has broad application beyond merely protecting due process in administrative proceedings and in the adjudicative context, and has in certain circumstances touched upon major national policy issues such as entitlement to social assistance and public health care. As such, it has proven to be a controversial provision in the Charter.
Marian Drăgulescu
Marian Drăgulescu (born 18 December 1980 in Bucharest) is a former Romanian artistic gymnast. During his senior gymnastics career he won 31 medals at Olympic Games at World and European Championships, of which eight are gold medals at the World Championships and ten are gold medals at European Championships. Drăgulescu's strongest events were vault and floor, on which he was a multiple world champion and Olympic medalist. The handspring double front somersault with ½ turn is named after him in the Code of Points. In the all-around, Drăgulescu was the European champion (2004) and bronze medalist (2000) and placed 8th at the 2004 Olympic Games. He was named the BTA Best Balkan Athlete of the Year in 2005.

Kyle Shewfelt
Kyle Keith Shewfelt (born May 6, 1982 in Calgary, Alberta) is a Canadian gymnast.  His gold medal in the men's floor exercise competition at the 2004 Athens Olympics was the first-ever medal for a Canadian in an artistic gymnastics event and was the first Canadian gold of the 2004 Olympics. He also has a vault named after him.

Shewfelt was considered a medal threat in advance of the Athens games. In the end, Shewfelt finished first on floor and fourth on vault.
St James's Square
St James's Square is the only square in the St James's district of the City of Westminster and is a garden square. It has predominantly Georgian and Neo-Georgian architecture. For its first two hundred or so years it was one of the three or four most fashionable residential streets in London. It now has headquarters of a number of well-known businesses, including BP and Rio Tinto Group; four private members' clubs, the East India Club, the Naval and Military Club, the Canning Club, and the Army and Navy Club; the High Commission of Cyprus; the London Library; and global think tank and peace-promoter Chatham House.

A main feature is a high, stone-plinthed equestrian statue of William III erected in 1808.

London Library
The London Library is an independent lending library in London, established in 1841. Membership is open to all, on payment of an annual subscription, with life and corporate memberships also available. As of December 2023 the Library had around 7,500 members.

The Library was founded on the initiative of Thomas Carlyle, who was dissatisfied with some of the policies at the British Museum Library. It is located at 14 St James's Square, in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, which has been its home since 1845.

T. S. Eliot, a long-serving president of the library, argued in July 1952 in an address to members that, "whatever social changes come about, the disappearance of the London Library would be a disaster to civilisation".
Qatar-5
Qatar-5 is a faint G-dwarf star that hosts a planet in the constellation Andromeda. With an apparent magnitude of 12.82, it is impossible to see with the naked eye, and can be detected with a powerful telescope. Qatar-5 is currently located about 1,211 light years away based on parallax.

Qatar-3
Qatar-3 is a 12th magnitude star located in the northern constellation Andromeda. It is host to a transiting planet. With a radial velocity of 10.99 km/s, it is drifting away from the Solar System, and is currently located 2,400 light years away based on its annual parallax.
I Wanna Show You
I Wanna Show You is the third studio album by the Dutch group Twenty 4 Seven. It was released in December 1994 by CNR Music. The group received the Dutch Export Award of 1994 for this record. In 1996, the album also received a Golden Award in South Africa. It reached its highest position at №1 in the (RiSA) South African Album Charts. The album was released in Asia, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Germany, Belarus, Russia, Brazil, Romania, Taiwan, South Africa and Australia. The album was not released in the United Kingdom.

Two singles were released from this album: "Oh Baby" and "Keep on Tryin'".

Oh Baby (Twenty 4 Seven song)
"Oh Baby!" is a song by Dutch group Twenty 4 Seven, released by various labels in October 1994 as the first single from their third album, I Wanna Show You (1994). It was both written and produced by Ruud van Rijen. A midtempo ballad, "Oh Baby!" did not have the same impact on the charts as the group's previous singles, although it did reach the top 40 charts in several European countries. In the group's native Netherlands, it was a top-20 hit. The accompanying music video was directed by Steve Walker and shot in London.
Sunspel
Sunspel is an English luxury clothing brand, founded in England in 1860. The brand is best known for boxer shorts, T-shirts and polo shirts. It is based in Long Eaton, near Nottingham, where it has its own factory.

Boxer shorts
Boxer shorts (also commonly known as simply boxers) are a type of undergarment typically worn by men.
The term has been used in English since 1944 for all-around-elastic shorts, so named after the shorts worn by boxers, for whom unhindered leg movement (footwork) is very important. Boxers come in a variety of styles and design but are characterized by their loose fit.
Grupo Vocento
Vocento, S.A., also known as Grupo Vocento, is a Spanish mass media group. Its flagship daily newspaper is the conservative and monarchist ABC, also publishing El Correo. Vocento was created in 2001 upon the merger of Grupo Correo with Prensa Española, the publisher of ABC. The group is also a player in the regional press sector, mainly owing to former properties of Correo (El Diario Montañés, La Verdad, Hoy, Ideal, Sur, La Rioja, El Norte de Castilla, El Comercio). Through Net TV, the group also owns a digital terrestrial television license in Spain, which is leased to Paramount Network and Disney Channel.

Ideal (newspaper)
Ideal is a daily Spanish language newspaper edited and published in Granada.

It forms part of the  Corporación de Medios de Andalucía, which in turn belongs to the grupo Vocento. Founded in 1932 by Editorial Católica, since then it has had a long history. While publication is largely circumscribed to Eastern Andalusia, Ideal is distributed in the provinces of Granada, Almería and Jaén, where it has local editions. At present it is the most widely subscription based newspaper in these provinces and one of the main newspapers in Andalusia, reaching in 2010 about 164,000 daily readers according to el Estudio general de medios (EGM).
Old Shatterhand
Old Shatterhand is a fictional character in Western novels by German writer Karl May (1842–1912). He is the German friend and blood brother of Winnetou, the fictional chief of the Mescalero tribe of the Apache. He is the main character in the Eurowestern by the same name from 1964, starring Lex Barker, as well as in six more films of the Winnetou film series.

Old Shatterhand (film)
Old Shatterhand (known as Apaches' Last Battle in the UK) is a successful Eurowestern film based on the character Old Shatterhand, written by German novelist Karl May and part of the Winnetou series. It is a West German CCC Film production co-produced with French, Italian and Yugoslav companies, and filmed in 70 mm. Financed with roughly DM 5,000,000, the film was the most expensive Karl May western. Composer Riz Ortolani used a chorus for his film score.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location in Croatia, including at the Plitvice Lakes National Park. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Pischinger.
Anatidae
The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating on the water surface, and, in some cases, diving in at least shallow water. The family contains around 174 species in 43 genera (the magpie goose is no longer considered to be part of the Anatidae and is now placed in its own family, Anseranatidae).

They are generally herbivorous and are monogamous breeders. A number of species undertake annual migrations. A few species have been domesticated for agriculture, and many others are hunted for food and recreation. Five species have become extinct since 1600, and many more are threatened with extinction.

Swan
Swans are birds of the genus Cygnus within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae, forming the tribe Cygnini. Sometimes, they are considered a distinct subfamily, Cygninae. They are the largest waterfowl and are often among the largest flighted birds in their range.

There are six living and many extinct species of swan; in addition, there is a species known as the coscoroba swan, which is no longer considered one of the true swans. Swans usually mate for life, although separation sometimes occurs, particularly following nesting failure, and if a mate dies, the remaining swan will take up with another. The number of eggs in each clutch ranges from three to eight.