hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Field Newspaper Syndicate
The Field Newspaper Syndicate was a syndication service based in Chicago that operated independently from 1941 to 1984, for a good time under the name the Chicago Sun-Times Syndicate. The service was founded by Marshall Field III and was part of Field Enterprises. The syndicate was most well known for Steve Canyon, but also launched such popular, long-running strips as The Berrys, From 9 To 5, Rivets, and Rick O'Shay. Other features included the editorial cartoons of Bill Mauldin and Jacob Burck, and the "Ask Ann Landers" advice column.

Ask Ann Landers
Ann Landers was a pen name created by Chicago Sun-Times advice columnist Ruth Crowley in 1943 and taken over by Esther Pauline "Eppie" Lederer in 1955. For 56 years, the Ask Ann Landers syndicated advice column was a regular feature in many newspapers across North America. Owing to this popularity, "Ann Landers", though fictional, is now considered a national institution and cultural icon.
Perigrapha (fungus)
Perigrapha is a genus of fungi within the order Arthoniales that is parasitic on lichens. The genus has not been placed into a family. The genus was established in 1996 when researchers discovered that a fungal parasite previously classified elsewhere had unique characteristics that required its own separate genus. These fungi are distinguished by their unusual spores, which develop long, black, hair-like tails that can be longer than the spore body itself—a feature not found in any other related fungal group.

Arthoniales
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species.
State Highway 20 (New Zealand)
State Highway 20 (SH 20), also known as the Southwestern Motorway, is a New Zealand state highway linking State Highway 1 at Manukau with State Highway 16 in Point Chevalier, via Māngere and Onehunga. Along with its spurs, State Highway 20A and 20B, the state highway serves Auckland Airport, the country's largest, therefore making SH 20 a key arterial route connecting the airport to the wider Auckland region and most of the upper North Island. The route also forms the southern part of the Western Ring Route, a 48 kilometres (30 mi) motorway route bypassing central Auckland.

Auckland Southern Motorway
The Auckland Southern Motorway (also known as the Southern Motorway, and historically as the Auckland–Hamilton Motorway) is the major route south out of the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It is part of State Highway 1.

The motorway is 45 kilometres in length, with 28 junctions including termini. It runs from the Central Motorway Junction in central Auckland, through Manukau City, Papakura, and Drury, before terminating onto the Waikato Expressway at the top of the Bombay Hills.
Powell Doctrine
The "Powell Doctrine" is a term named after General Colin Powell, for a military doctrine that Powell created in the run-up to the 1990–1991 Gulf War. The doctrine poses questions emphasizing national security interests, overwhelming strike capabilities with an emphasis on ground forces, and widespread public support, all of which have to be answered affirmatively before military action is taken. Powell's doctrine is based in large part on the Weinberger Doctrine, devised by Caspar Weinberger during his tenure as Secretary of Defense (at which time Powell was Weinberger's senior military assistant).

Weinberger Doctrine
The Weinberger Doctrine was a list of points governing when the United States could commit troops in military engagements. The doctrine was publicly disclosed by U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on November 28, 1984, in a speech entitled "The Uses of Military Power" delivered before the National Press Club in Washington, D.C.

The Weinberger Doctrine was an outgrowth of the collective lessons learned from the Vietnam War and the desire of the U.S. government to avoid such quagmires in the future.
Luca Lanotte
Luca Lanotte (born 30 July 1985) is an Italian former ice dancer. With partner Anna Cappellini, he is the 2014 World champion, the 2014 European champion, the 2015 Cup of China champion and a thirteen-time medalist on the Grand Prix series, and a seven-time Italian national champion (2012–18).

2014 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2014 World Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition held in Saitama, Japan, at the Saitama Super Arena from March 24 to 30. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event also determined the number of entries a country may send to the 2015 World Championships.
Lucy Pardee
Lucy Pardee is a British casting director, who is an exponent of street casting. Pardee used this to great effect in her work on Rocks, for which she was awarded a BAFTA for Casting Direction in 2021. She was the second person to receive the accolade since its introduction in 2019, when it was awarded to Shayna Markowitz. Pardee was nominated for second BAFTA award in 2022 for her work on the film Aftersun. She has spoken out about how the Academy Awards should also introduce an award for casting direction.

Pardee has also commented about how she sees here work in street casting as a key route for new talent into the industry, particularly in the UK, where according to her provision for drama for young people, both in and outside education, has been "decimated by the Tory government".

BAFTA Award for Best Casting
The BAFTA Award for Best Casting is a film award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts at the annual British Academy Film Awards. It was introduced in the 73rd British Academy Film Awards in 2020.
172nd Tunnelling Company
The 172nd Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and  underground chambers for signals and medical services.

182nd Tunnelling Company
The 182nd Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.
Jeonbok-juk
Jeonbok-juk (Korean: 전복죽), or abalone rice porridge, is a variety of juk (죽; 粥), or Korean porridge, made with abalone and white rice. Abalone is regarded as a high-quality ingredient in Korean cuisine and was often presented as a gift to the king of Korea. The dish is a local specialty of Jeju Island, where abalone are commonly harvested. Jeonbokjuk is known as not only a delicacy but also as a nutritional supplement and digestive aid, especially for ill patients or elderly people. Jeonbokjuk can be made with or without the abalone's internal organs. The former type of jeonbokjuk has a green tinge, while the latter is more ivory in color.

Congee
Congee (/ˈkɒndʒiː/ KON-jee, derived from Tamil கஞ்சி [kaɲdʑi]) is a form of savoury rice porridge of Indian origin, primarily made by boiling rice in a large amount of water until the rice softens. Depending on the rice–water ratio, the thickness of congee varies from a Western oatmeal porridge to a gruel. Since the history of rice cultivation in Asia stretches back to the Baiyue-inhabited lower Yangtze circa 10,000 BC, congee is unlikely to have appeared before that date. Congee is typically served with side dishes, or it can be topped with meat, fish, and pickled vegetables.

Vivid experiences of eating or delivering thin congee as wartime or famine food often feature in diaries and chronicles. In some cultures, congee is eaten primarily as a breakfast food or late supper; some may also eat it as a substitute for rice at other meals. It is often considered suitable for the sick as a mild, easily digestible food.
Giessbachbahn
The Giessbach Funicular (German: Giessbachbahn) is a historic funicular in the Swiss canton of Bern and municipality of Brienz. It links a landing stage on Lake Brienz, served by ferry services on the lake, to the Grand Hotel Giessbach and Giessbach Falls above. The funicular is owned by the hotel, but since 1983 has been operated by a preservation foundation.

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
Old Homestead Steakhouse
The Old Homestead Steakhouse is a steakhouse established in 1868 whose flagship location is in Manhattan, New York City. The restaurant is the oldest continuously operating steakhouse in the United States. Staff at the Old Homestead Steakhouse are represented by UNITE HERE Local 100.

Steakhouse
A steakhouse, steak house, or chophouse is a restaurant that specializes in steaks and chops. Modern steakhouses may also carry other cuts of meat including poultry, roast prime rib, and veal, as well as fish and other seafood.
Lancashire Militia
The Lancashire Militia was an auxiliary military force in Lancashire in North West England. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1558 and their service in the Williamite War in Ireland and against the Jacobite Risings, the Militia regiments of Lancashire served during times of international tension and all of Britain's major wars. They provided internal security and home defence but sometimes operated further afield, including Ireland and the Mediterranean, relieving regular troops from routine garrison duties, and acting as a source of trained officers and men for the Regular Army. All the infantry battalions went on active service during the Second Boer War and all served as Special Reserve training units in World War I, with one battalion seeing considerable action on the Western Front. After 1921 the militia had only a shadowy existence until its final abolition in 1953.

4th Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Light Infantry)
The 4th Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Light Infantry) was an auxiliary regiment raised in the county of Lancashire in North West England just before the Crimean War. It later became part of the South Lancashire Regiment. Although primarily intended for home defence, it saw considerable active service during the Second Boer War. After conversion to the Special Reserve (SR) under the Haldane Reforms it supplied reinforcements to the fighting battalions during World War I and carried out internal security duties in Ireland. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.
Balingen
Balingen (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːlɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Balenga) is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, capital of the district of Zollernalbkreis. It is located near the Swabian Jura, approximately 35 km to the south of Tübingen, 35 km northeast of Villingen-Schwenningen, and 70 km south southwest of Stuttgart.

Balingen is the second largest town in the Zollernalb district after Albstadt. It is a medium-sized center for the surrounding municipalities and was named a large district town in 1974. The town of Balingen has undergone dynamic development since 1945. The town, officially designated a  "Große Kreisstadt" (large district town) since January 1, 1974, has entered into an administrative partnership with the neighboring town of Geislingen.

Balingen is home to the Bizerba and Ideal companies.

Bizerba
Bizerba SE & Co. KG is a German provider of weighing and slicing technologies for industry and trade and is a worldwide leading specialist in industrial weighing and labeling technologies.

It was founded in 1866 Andreas Bizer in Balingen. Its name is a composite of Bizer and the city's name. Bizerba currently has over 100 divisions worldwide and a headquarters located in Balingen, Germany.

Bizerba has approximately 4100 employees worldwide, including its headquarters and 3 production facilities in Germany as well as 41 subsidiaries and 69 national representatives.

Bizerba USA, Inc. has been incorporated in 1984 as a subsidiary of parent company Bizerba SE & Co. KG (Germany). Its corporate office is located in Joppa, MD, USA. Bizerba is working with factory authorized distributors in all 50 USA states and Puerto Rico. Bizerba Engineered Solutions is a new subsidiary located in Richmond USA.
Donald Campbell (anaesthetist)
Sir Donald Campbell CBE FRCA FRCS FRCSE  FRCPGlas FRCPE   (8 March 1930 – 14 September 2004) was a Scottish anaesthetist and the dean of the Royal College of Anaesthetists from 1982–85.

A native of Rutherglen, he was awarded CBE in the 1987 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 1994 New Year Honours for services to medicine. In 1994 he was also elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh.

Royal College of Anaesthetists
The Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) is the professional body responsible for the specialty of anaesthesia throughout the United Kingdom. It sets standards in anaesthesia, critical care, pain management, and for the training of anaesthetists, physicians' assistants (anaesthesia), and practising critical care physicians. It also holds examinations for anaesthetists in training, and informs and educates the public about anaesthesia. Its headquarters are in Churchill House, London.
Ángel Infante
Ángel Infante Cruz (Acaponeta, Nayarit, México; 1 October 1914 – Ciudad de México 15 December 1987) was a popular Mexican actor and singer of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. He appeared in more than 120 films, 47 of which were great successes. In more than 30 films he appeared alongside his younger brother, the actor and singer Pedro Infante, who died in an aviation accident in 1957. Ángel Infante was known for having visited Cuba on eight occasions, and even having presented his pistols as a gift to Fidel Castro. His daughter is the TV actress Sonia Infante. He appeared in films such as The Two Orphans, Corner Stop, Women's Prison, Here Comes Martin Corona, My General's Women, Full Speed Ahead, What Has That Woman Done to You?, The Atomic Fireman, and Love for Sale.

My General's Women
My General's Women (Spanish: Las mujeres de mi general) is a 1951 Mexican drama film directed by Ismael Rodríguez and starring Pedro Infante, Lilia Prado and Chula Prieto.

The film's sets were designed by the art director José Rodríguez Granada.
Gulf Breeze (train)
The Gulf Breeze was a daily passenger train operated by Amtrak between New York City and Mobile, Alabama, as a section of the  Crescent. Southbound, the Gulf Breeze split from the Crescent in Birmingham to serve an additional seven stations in Alabama on a 275-mile (443 km) route south to Mobile. The service ran from 1989 until 1995.

Crescent (train)
The Crescent is a daily long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak between New York City and New Orleans (the "Crescent City"). The 1,377-mile (2,216 km) route connects the Northeast to the Gulf Coast via the Appalachian Piedmont, with major stops in Charlotte, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; and Birmingham, Alabama.

Most of the route of the Crescent is on the Norfolk Southern Railway. It is the successor to the Southern Crescent, introduced in 1970 by Norfolk Southern's predecessor, the Southern Railway.
Steg railway station
Steg railway station, also known as Steg im Tösstal railway station, is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich. The station is situated in the municipality of Fischenthal and takes its name from the nearby village of Steg (Töss Valley). It is located on the Töss Valley railway line (Tösstalbahn) between Winterthur and Rüti ZH, within fare zone 173 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

Tösstal railway line
The Tösstal railway line (Töss Valley Railway, German: Tösstalbahn or TTB) is a railway in the Swiss canton of Zurich, which serves the communities of the upper Töss Valley and the upper Jona Valley. Passenger service on the line now forms part of the Zurich S-Bahn, branded as the S26, and the standard Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV) zonal fare tariffs apply to the line. It is one of the network's less-heavily traveled lines, and most of the route is single-tracked.
A Time Odyssey
A Time Odyssey is a trilogy of science fiction novels co-written by Arthur C. Clarke (author of the 1968 novel 2001: A Space Odyssey) and Stephen Baxter.  As of 2008, the series consists of:

Vol. 1 – Time's Eye (3 March 2003)

Vol. 2 – Sunstorm (29 March 2005)

Vol. 3 – Firstborn (26 December 2007)

The 2008 Gollancz edition of the most recent book describes itself on the cover as the "Conclusion" of the series, but the plot is not concluded in the book. The immediate threat is averted but the enemy is not defeated, suggesting that further novels in the series were intended. Arthur Clarke, one of the two authors, died in March 2008 soon after the book was published and there have been no further books in the series.

Time's Eye
Time's Eye is a 2003 science fiction novel co-written by British writers Arthur C. Clarke and Stephen Baxter. It is the first book in the A Time Odyssey series. The next book in the series is Sunstorm.
Two Tunnels Greenway
The Two Tunnels Greenway is a shared use path for walking and cycling in Bath, Somerset, England. The route links National Cycle Route 24 south of Bath with National Cycle Route 4 in the town centre, and is designated as National Cycle Route 244.

National Cycle Route 4
National Cycle Route 4 (or NCR 4) is a route of the United Kingdom National Cycle Network, running from London to Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Between these, the route runs through Reading, Bath, Bristol, Newport, Swansea and St David's. Within Wales, sections of the route follow branches of the Celtic Trail cycle route.
Garfield Weston Foundation
The Garfield Weston Foundation is a grant-giving charity based in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1958 by Canadian businessman W. Garfield Weston (1898–1978), who during his lifetime contributed to numerous humanitarian causes, both personally and through his companies. His philanthropic works continue through the Garfield Weston Foundation in London and the Weston Family Foundation in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Garfield Weston Foundation is one of the largest charitable foundations in the world, with assets of £9.7 billion at 5 April 2017, of which a majority was attributed to the foundation's majority holding in Wittington Investments.

Since Sir Guy Weston's appointment as chairman, the Garfield Weston Foundation has become the largest family grant-making foundation in the UK, with total grants exceeding £1 billion.

W. Garfield Weston
Willard Garfield Weston OC (26 February 1898 – 22 October 1978) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist who was a member of the prominent Weston family. He led George Weston Limited and its various subsidiaries and associated companies, including Associated British Foods, for half a century and established one of the world's largest food processing and distribution concerns. He also served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the British House of Commons during World War II.
CastelBrando
CastelBrando, former Castrum Costae, is a medieval castle situated on a dolomite limestone rock at an elevation of 370 m (1,210 ft) above sea level, overlooking the villages of Cison di Valmarino and Valmareno, Northern Italy. The name CastelBrando stems from Brando I of the name Brandolini, an ancient family from Forlì, who were the Lords of the castle.

Cison di Valmarino
Cison di Valmarino is a village and comune with 2,295 inhabitants  in the province of Treviso, Veneto, north-eastern Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") since 2019 it has boasted the Orange Flag tourism and environmental quality mark awarded by the Italian Touring Club. The village was the seat of the (historic) county of Valmareno (old spelling), formerly encompassing 2 castles and 20 villages and from 1439 belonging to the Brandolini family, the counts of Valmarino. The name is a portmanteau of valle (valley) and mara (marsh or wet place).
Lewi Tonks
Lewi Tonks (December 13, 1897 – July 30, 1971) was an American physicist who worked for General Electric on microwaves, plasma physics and nuclear reactors. Under Irving Langmuir, his work pioneered the study of plasma oscillations. He is also noted for the noted for his discovery (with Marvin D. Girardeau) of the Tonks–Girardeau gas.

Nuclear physicist Arthur Edward Ruark once said that "any international conference on plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear research without Lewi Tonks present would be something like Hamlet without the ghost, and without Hamlet".

Plasma oscillation
Plasma oscillations, also known as Langmuir waves (eponymously after Irving Langmuir), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conductive media, most notably plasmas as well as metals, at frequencies typically corresponding to the ultraviolet band of the electromagnetic spectrum. The oscillations can be described as an instability in the dielectric function of a free electron gas. The frequency depends only weakly on the wavelength of the oscillation. The quasiparticle resulting from the quantization of these oscillations is the plasmon.

Langmuir waves were discovered by American physicists Irving Langmuir and Lewi Tonks in the 1920s. They are parallel in form to Jeans instability waves, which are caused by gravitational instabilities in a static medium.
Irish Setter
The Irish Setter (Irish: sotar rua, literally "red setter") is a setter, a breed of gundog, and family dog originating in Ireland. The term Irish Setter is commonly used to encompass the show-bred dog recognised by the American Kennel Club as well as the field-bred Red Setter recognised by the Field Dog Stud Book. The breed is known for having a friendly and gentle temperament.

English Setter
The English Setter is a medium-size breed of dog. It is part of the setter group, which includes the red Irish Setters, Irish Red and White Setters, and black-and-tan Gordon Setters. The mainly white coat has long silky fringes on the back of the legs, under the belly and on the tail. The coat features flecks of colour (known as ticking), and the different colour varieties are referred to as 'belton'.

As a gun dog, it is used to hunt for game such as quail, pheasant, and grouse. It is sometimes referred to as the Laverack or Llewellin Setter as these were famous strains of the breed during the major development period in the 19th century. Those from hunting stock are generally of a finer build and with less coat than those bred for show exhibition.