hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Killing of Miles Hall
Miles Hall (February 15, 1996 – June 2, 2019) was a 23-year-old African American armed with a crowbar, who was fatally shot by police officers from the Walnut Creek California Police Department a few blocks from his home during a mental health emergency. His death sparked widespread protests, drawing attention to the issue of police brutality towards people with behavioral and mental health conditions. His killing has led to significant changes in California's approach to handling mental health emergencies, including the passage the Miles Hall Lifeline Act, funding the 988 alternative to 911 for mental health and suicide emergent situations in California. Additionally, in Contra Costa County, where Miles Hall was killed, A3: The Miles Hall Crisis Call Center has been established where 24/7 trained professional mental health staff triage calls and provide care over the phone or send an in-person care teams if needed.

Walnut Creek, California
Walnut Creek is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, about 16 miles (26 kilometers) east of the city of Oakland, California and 25 miles (40 kilometers) east of San Francisco. Walnut Creek has a total population of 70,127 per the 2020 census, is located at the junction of the highways from Sacramento, California and San Jose, California (I-680) and San Francisco/Oakland (SR-24), and is accessible by BART. The city shares its borders with Clayton, California, Lafayette, California, Alamo, California, Pleasant Hill, California, and Concord, California.
EBS Hello Rookie Contest
EBS Hello Rookie Contest (Korean: EBS 헬로 루키 콘테스트) is a South Korean music competition aimed at discovering rookies, which began in 2007. The competition began as a project for rookies at The EBS space in 2007, and has been hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and co-hosted by the Korea Creative Content Agency and The EBS space since 2008. The two teams selected through video screening and public auditions every month have been introduced as "Hello Rookie of the Month" (이 달의 헬로 루키) on the stage of The EBS space, and application qualifications will be given to rookie musicians whose first album has been released for less than 2 years, or who have never released an album. EBS Hello Rookie Contest is considered an influential competition in the Korean independent music industry, the competition that sets the stage for rookie musicians to become famous.

The EBS space
The EBS space (Korean: EBS 스페이스 공감) is a South Korean music program broadcast by EBS. The first broadcast began in 2004, and it is broadcasting for 50 minutes every Friday from midnight in KST. It is a music program that holds a music concert at the EBS headquarters for four days every Monday to Thursday and processes the live performance, coverage, and interviews. It is a program in which performers are selected based on musicality and live capabilities and a performance without an MC. In recognition of its contribution to Korean popular music, it won a Committee Choice Special Award at the Korean Music Awards in 2007, and won the Cultural Diversity Award at the Sejong Culture Awards hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
Cana
Cana of Galilee (Ancient Greek: Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας; Arabic: قانا الجليل, romanized: Qana al-Jalil, lit. 'Qana of the Galilee') is the location of the Wedding at Cana, at which the miracle of turning water into wine took place in the Gospel of John.

The location is disputed, with the four primary locations being  Kafr Kanna, Khirbet Qana and Reineh in Lower Galilee, and Qana in Upper Galilee in Lebanon. The Arabic phrase "Qana el-Jalil" has been said not to be in use as a placename other than in Gospel-related contexts.
The name possibly derives from the Hebrew or Aramaic word for reeds.

Khirbet Qana
Khirbet Qana (Arabic: خربة قانا), is an archaeological site in the Lower Galilee of Israel. It has remains of a settlement from the Hellenistic period to the Early Arab period. Findings including Hasmonean coins and ostraca using the Jewish script indicate its population in ancient times was predominantly Jewish.

Khirbet Qana has been identified with the ancient village of Cana, site of Wedding at Cana of the New Testament, and referenced by Josephus. Over the years, various locations such as Kafr Kanna in Galilee and Qana in Lebanon have also been proposed as Cana. However, recent excavations have established Khirbet Qana as the most likely site.
Monk Skin Tone Scale
The Monk Skin Tone Scale (MST) is an open-source, 10-shade scale describing human skin color. It was developed by Ellis Monk in partnership with Google and released in 2023.

The scale intends to replace the Fitzpatrick scale in fields such as computer vision research after an IEEE study found the Fitzpatrick scale to be "poorly predictive of skin tone." They noted that it tends to under-represent dark shades of skin relative to the global human population. The researchers then advised it "not be used as such in evaluations of computer vision applications."

The following table shows the 10 categories of the Monk Skin Tone Scale alongside the six categories of the Fitzpatrick scale, grouped into broad skin tone categories:

This table displays the colors of the ten MST skin tones:

Fitzpatrick scale
The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test; or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color. It was developed in 1975 by American dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick as a way to estimate the response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. It was initially developed on the basis of skin color to measure the correct dose of UVA for PUVA therapy, and when the initial testing based only on hair and eye color resulted in too high UVA doses for some, it was altered to be based on the patient's reports of how their skin responds to the sun; it was also extended to a wider range of skin types. The Fitzpatrick scale remains a recognized tool for dermatological research into human skin pigmentation.

The following table shows the six categories of the Fitzpatrick scale in relation to the 36 categories of the older von Luschan scale:
Pennsylvania Route 955
Pennsylvania Route 955 (PA 955, designated by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation as SR 0955) is a 3.80-mile-long (6.12 km) state highway that runs between PA 5 in Lawrence Park Township and U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in Harborcreek Township.  PA 955 continues to travel away from PA 5 as Iroquois Avenue in a diagonal until it reaches Nagle Road, where it straightens out and runs parallel to US 20.  The highway stays parallel until US 20 makes a sharp left turn and intersects with PA 955. The route was first signed in 1928 and widened from PA 5 to an intersection with Nagle Road with a grassy median between 1950 and 1958.

Pennsylvania Route 5
Pennsylvania Route 5 (PA 5) is a westward continuation of New York State Route 5 (NY 5). Located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States, it runs from North East, Pennsylvania at the New York-Pennsylvania border to Springfield Township in western Erie County, for a total of 44.85 miles (72.18 km).

This highway has been designated as the Purple Heart Highway but is most frequently referred to as Lake Road. The Seaway Trail runs along PA 5 for most of its course in Pennsylvania.
Kandasamys: The Baby
Kandasamys: The Baby is a 2023 South African family drama film directed by Jayan Moodley, written by Jayan Moodley, Jailoshini Naidoo and Yugan Naidoo and starring Jailoshini Naidoo, Maeshni Naicker and Mariam Bassa. It is the fourth installment in the series, following Keeping Up with the Kandasamys (2017), Kandasamys: The Wedding (2019) and Trippin' with the Kandasamys (2021).

The film was released internationally on 20 October 2023 by Netflix.

Trippin' with the Kandasamys
Trippin' with the Kandasamys is a 2021 South African film directed by Jayan Moodley, written by Rory Booth and Jayan Moodley and starring  Jailoshini Naidoo, Maeshni Naicker and Mariam Bassa. It's the third installment in the series, following Keeping Up with the Kandasamys and Kandasamys: The Wedding.
Kauri Museum
The Kauri Museum is in the west coast village of Matakohe, Northland, New Zealand.
The museum, to the south of the Waipoua Forest, contains many exhibits that tell the story of the pioneering days when early European settlers in the area extracted kauri timber and kauri gum.

Kauri gum
Kauri gum is resin from kauri trees (Agathis australis), which historically had several important industrial uses. It can also be used to make crafts such as jewellery. Kauri forests once covered much of the North Island of New Zealand, before early settlers caused the forests to retreat, causing several areas to revert to weeds, scrubs, and swamps. Even afterwards, ancient kauri fields and the remaining forests continued to provide a source for the gum. Between 1820 and 1900, over 90% of Kauri forests were logged or burnt by Europeans.

Kauri gum forms when resin from kauri trees leaks out through fractures or cracks in the bark, hardening upon exposure to air. Lumps commonly fall to the ground and can be covered with soil and forest litter, eventually fossilising. Other lumps form as branches forked or trees are damaged, releasing the resin.
New Karachi Town
New Karachi Town or North Karachi Town (Urdu: نیو کراچی ٹاؤن) lies in the northern-eastern part of Nazimabad District, Sindh province of Pakistan.

It was formed when katchi abadis were resettled following the 1958 coup d'état. Town system was established by City District Government Karachi in 2001. New Karachi Town was re-organized as part of Karachi Central District in 2015. New Karachi Town has a population 1,165,742 as of 2023 Pakistani census.

Karachi Central District
24°55′53″N 67°02′15″E﻿ / ﻿24.9313°N 67.0374°E﻿ / 24.9313; 67.0374

Nazimabad District (Urdu: ضلع ناظم آباد ), formerly Karachi Central District, is an administrative district of Karachi Division in Sindh, Pakistan created in 1996. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Nazimabad District is 3,822,325 (3.8 million).
Visa requirements for Nigerian citizens
Visa requirements for Nigerian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed by the authorities of other states on citizens of Nigeria.

As of 2025, Nigerian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 57 countries and territories, ranking the Nigerian passport 80th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.

Where visa-free access is permitted, such access is not necessarily a right, and admission is at the discretion of border enforcement officers. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, may require a visa or work permit.

Nigeria offers a Visa on Arrival (VOA) for eligible travelers, allowing them to obtain a visa upon entry. This process involves applying online, submitting necessary documents, and receiving an Electronic Travel Authorization Letter, which is presented at the border.

The VOA is available for business travelers and citizens of African countries, excluding ECOWAS members.

Nigerian passport
Nigerian passports are issued to Nigerian citizens to travel outside of Nigeria. Nigeria now offers only electronic passports for new passport applications. These electronic passports, known also as the e-passport, are classified as either "Standard" or "Official", depending on intended use.

Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate. Renewing an already existing passport must be done in person.
Immunet
Immunet was a free, cloud-based, community-driven antivirus application, using the ClamAV and its own engine. The software is complementary with existing antivirus software. In January 2011 Immunet was acquired by Sourcefire.

The application is free-of-charge, although a commercial version is available. It claims to be lightweight and provides always up-to-date protection against the threats. Virus signature files are stored in the cloud, not on individual computers, so signature downloads are not required. Once a virus is detected and blocked for one user, all other Immunet users receive the same protection almost instantly. The software is noted for its ability to allow individual users to easily author their own signatures.

ClamAV
ClamAV (Clam AntiVirus) is a free software, cross-platform antimalware toolkit able to detect many types of malware, including viruses. It was developed for Unix and has third party versions available for AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux, macOS, OpenVMS, OSF (Tru64), Solaris and Haiku. As of version 0.97.5, ClamAV builds and runs on Microsoft Windows. Both ClamAV and its updates are made available free of charge. One of its main uses is on mail servers as a server-side email virus scanner.
Sumaila Ndewura Jakpa
Ndewura Jakpa (Jakpa according to some historians in Gonja "Daa-Kpa Pia-Kpa, which means Conqueror through spear or the Spear Holder) was an African king, founder of the Gonja kingdom (now part of northern Ghana), in the early 17th century.

Gonja (kingdom)
Gonja was a kingdom in present-day northern Ghana founded in 1675 by Sumaila Ndewura Jakpa.

With the fall of the Songhai Empire (c. 1600), the Mande Ngbanya clan moved south, crossing the Black Volta and founding their capital city at Yagbum under the leadership of Naba'a.

The Ngbanya expanded rapidly, conquering several neighbors in the White Volta valley and beginning a profitable gold trade with the Akan states through nearby Begho. By 1675, the Gonja established a paramount chief, called the Yagbongwura, to control the kingdom. The Ngbanya dynasty has controlled this position from its founding to the present day, with only two brief interregnums.  The current Yagbongwura, Bikunuto Jewu Soale I, has held his position since 2023. The Gonja kingdom was originally divided into sections overseen by male siblings of Sumaila Ndewura Jakpa including their children and grandchildren.
Catherine Oxenberg
Catherine Oxenberg (born September 22, 1961) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Amanda Carrington on the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty. Oxenberg is the daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia and her first husband, Howard Oxenberg (1919–2010). She twice played Diana, Princess of Wales on screen, in The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (1982) and Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (1992), and has appeared in many other films.

Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia
Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia (Serbian: Jelisaveta Karađorđević, Јелисавета Карађорђевић; born 7 April 1936) is a member of the royal House of Karađorđević, a human rights activist and a former presidential candidate for Serbia. Yugoslavia abolished its monarchy in 1945 and decades later broke up into several countries.
Bonjour (software)
Bonjour is Apple's implementation of zero-configuration networking (zeroconf), a group of technologies that includes service discovery, address assignment, and hostname resolution. Bonjour locates devices such as printers, other computers, and the services that those devices offer on a local network using multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) service records.

The software comes built-in with Apple's macOS and iOS operating systems. Bonjour can also be installed onto computers running Microsoft Windows. Bonjour components may also be included within other software such as iTunes and Safari.

It was originally introduced in 2002 with Mac OS X 10.2 with the name Rendezvous. It was renamed in 2005 to Bonjour following an out-of-court trademark dispute settlement.

Zero-configuration networking
Zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) is a set of technologies that automatically creates a usable computer network based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) when computers or network peripherals are interconnected. It does not require manual operator intervention or special configuration servers. Without zeroconf, a network administrator must set up network services, such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS), or configure each computer's network settings manually.

Zeroconf is built on three core technologies: automatic assignment of numeric network addresses for networked devices, automatic distribution and resolution of computer hostnames, and automatic location of network services, such as printing devices.
Spline (mathematics)
In mathematics, a spline is a function defined piecewise by polynomials.
In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees.

In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term spline more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial (parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design.

The term spline comes from the flexible spline devices used by shipbuilders and draftsmen to draw smooth shapes.

Spline interpolation
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, spline interpolation is a form of interpolation where the interpolant is a special type of piecewise polynomial called a spline. That is, instead of fitting a single, high-degree polynomial to all of the values at once, spline interpolation fits low-degree polynomials to small subsets of the values, for example, fitting nine cubic polynomials between each of the pairs of ten points, instead of fitting a single degree-nine polynomial to all of them. Spline interpolation is often preferred over polynomial interpolation because the interpolation error can be made small even when using low-degree polynomials for the spline. Spline interpolation also avoids the problem of Runge's phenomenon, in which oscillation can occur between points when interpolating using high-degree polynomials.
Sugi Sito
Francisco Javier Mar Hernández (December 4, 1926 – May 4, 2000), known by the ring name "El Orgullo de Oriente" ("The pride of the Orient") Sugi Sito, was a Mexican professional wrestler and promoter. He saw success in Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL) during the 1950s, where he was a two-time NWA World Middleweight Championship.

In the 1950s, Sito left Mexico and gained a measure of great success wrestling in the United States, especially the Houston, Texas area. In the early 1970s, Sito worked for Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling as a tag team with Chin Lee and Tor Kamata, holding the NWA International Tag Team Championship three times. He later returned to Mexico where he became a wrestling promoter.

Tor Kamata
McRonald Kamaka (March 9, 1937 – July 23, 2007) was an American-Canadian professional wrestler known by the ring name Tor Kamata.  He won several heavyweight and tag team championships, most notably the PWF World Heavyweight Championship in All Japan Pro Wrestling and the AWA World Tag Team Championship in the American Wrestling Association. He was a classic heel, reviled for dirty tricks in the ring, included rubbing salt in his opponent's eyes.
Baguley Cars Ltd
Baguley Cars Ltd (later Baguley (Engineers) Ltd, then E. E. Baguley Ltd)  was a British engineering company, specialising in railway locomotives. it was founded in 1911 by Ernest E. Baguley and subsequently acquired by Drewry Car Co to form Baguley-Drewry in 1964.

Drewry Car Co.
The Drewry Car Co. was a railway locomotive and railcar manufacturer and sales organisation from 1906 to 1984. At the start and the end of its life it built its own products, for the rest of the time it sold vehicles manufactured by sub-contractors.

It was separate from the lorry-builder, Shelvoke & Drewry, but it is believed that James Sidney Drewry was involved with both companies.
Sekai (dancer)
Sekai Yamamoto (山本 世界, Yamamoto Sekai, born February 21, 1991, in Hayama, Kanagawa), better known by his stage name Exile Sekai (Exile 世界), is a Japanese dancer. He is a member of Exile and also the leader of the J-pop dance and vocal group Fantastics from Exile Tribe, and he forms dance unit XXIV Clan (later changes to FTHEB) with friends in 2014. As a member of Fantastics from Exile Tribe, he wins the "Best 5 New Artists Award" at the Japan Gold Disc Award in 2019. In 2020, he played "Gentleman Thief" in immersive theatre Sakura Hime in Minami-za. Since April 2020, he has become a regular host at Iwate Asahi Television's information program "It's good! I want to see! I want to know! I want to go out!". He loves anime, manga, and game, and deems himself as an otaku.

Sekai is represented by LDH.

Fantastics from Exile Tribe
Fantastics from Exile Tribe (Japanese: ファンタスティックス・フロム・エグザイル・トライブ, stylized as FANTASTICS from EXILE TRIBE and formerly known as Fantastics) is a nine-member Japanese male dance and vocal group formed and managed by LDH. The group is part of the collective Exile Tribe, related to Exile, and signed to the record label Rhythm Zone from the Avex Group. Fantastics debuted on December 5, 2018.
Lynne Naylor
Lynne Rae Naylor is a Canadian animator, artist, designer, television director, television producer, and voice actress. She is best known for co-creating DreamWorks' The Mighty Ones, co-founding the animation studio Spümcø with John Kricfalusi, Bob Camp, and Jim Smith, and co-developing The Ren & Stimpy Show for Nickelodeon. She also worked on Batman: The Animated Series, The Powerpuff Girls, Samurai Jack, Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!, Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, My Life as a Teenage Robot, and Wander Over Yonder.

Jim Smith (animator)
James Carl Smith (né Jobb; October 8, 1954 – May 2, 2025) was an American animator and musician. He worked on Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures with his long-time working partner John Kricfalusi. Smith later briefly worked on Tiny Toon Adventures, and then along with Kricfalusi, Bob Camp and Lynne Naylor he founded Spümcø, where he co-developed The Ren & Stimpy Show (from which he departed in 1992 alongside Kricfalusi) in 1991 and The Ripping Friends in 2001. He was notable for remaining faithful to Kricfalusi, having refused to join Games Animation (though he worked on The X's after its rebranding to Nickelodeon Animation Studio), working with Kricfalusi on his projects amid other work until Cans Without Labels (2019).
European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging
The European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. The first issue was published in March 2000 with the former name of European Journal of Echocardiography. The journal adopted the current name European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging in 2012, and is part of the European Heart Journal series of journals.

Published articles present original research on different aspects of cardiovascular imaging in the field of cardiac and coronary CT, MRI, echocardiography, x-ray angiography, ultrasounds and optical imaging. With an impact factor of 6.875 in 2020, it ranked at a high position number among journals in the field of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging and it established itself as one of the top cardiovascular journals worldwide.

European Heart Journal
The European Heart Journal is a peer-reviewed medical journal of cardiology published by Oxford University Press on a weekly basis, on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. The first issue was published in February 1980.