hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radio Sawa
Radio Sawa (Arabic: راديو سوا [ˈrɑ(ː)djo ˈsæwæ]) was an Arabic speaking radio station broadcasting to the Arab world from March 23, 2002, till November 2024. The station was a service of the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc., which also operates Alhurra Television and was publicly funded by the U.S. Agency for Global Media and the U.S. Congress. The word "sawa" (سوا, IPA: [ˈsæwæ, ˈsawa]) means "together" in many Arabic dialects.

Preexisting attitudes and concurrent reality of opinions towards the United States led to the creation of Radio Sawa. It sought to effectively communicate with the youthful population of Arabic-speakers in the Middle East. The station's goal is to promote pro-American attitudes to youth in the Arab world. Radio Sawa's first broadcast was on March 23, 2002. Its newscasts were broadcast live on air from its studios in Washington, DC and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Radio Sawa also had news bureaus and reporters throughout the Middle East.

Alhurra
Alhurra (Arabic: الحرة, meaning "The Free One") is an American government-funded Arabic-language satellite television and digital media network that broadcasts news and current affairs programming to audiences in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It was launched on February 14, 2004, and is operated by the Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN), a non-profit grantee of the U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM), which also oversees Voice of America, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Free Asia, and other international broadcasters.

The network initially focused on satellite television but has increasingly prioritized digital-first programming designed for younger and mobile audiences. Its content includes political analysis, investigative reports, and multimedia segments distributed through platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, and X (formerly Twitter).
Vermont Route 102
Vermont Route 102 (VT 102) is a north–south state highway in Essex County, Vermont, in the United States. It follows the west bank of the Connecticut River and parallels U.S. Route 3 (US 3), which is routed along the river's east bank in New Hampshire. The southern terminus of the route is at US 2 in Guildhall. Its northern terminus is at VT 114 and VT 253 in Canaan. VT 102 is 43.755 miles (70.417 km) long and connects to six highways that traverse the Connecticut River.

Vermont Route 253
Vermont Route 253 (VT 253) is a 2.159-mile-long (3.475 km) state highway located entirely within the town of Canaan in Essex County, Vermont, in the United States. It extends from a junction with VT 102 and VT 114 to the Canadian border, where it continues into Quebec as Route 253. VT 253 is known in Canaan as Christian Hill.
Summit Hotels and Resorts
Summit Hotels and Resorts is a Filipino brand of hotels under Robinsons Hotels and Resorts (RHR), owned and operated by Robinsons Land Corporation (RLC), the real estate arm of JG Summit Holdings established by Filipino-Chinese entrepreneur John Gokongwei Jr. It began operating in 2009 with the opening of its first hotel, Summit Ridge Tagaytay in Tagaytay, Cavite. As of 2020, the company has six hotels, all located in the Philippines.

JG Summit Holdings
JG Summit Holdings, Inc. (JGSHI) is one of the largest conglomerates in the Philippines with business interests in air transportation, banking, food manufacturing, hotels, petrochemicals, power generation, publishing, real estate and property development, and telecommunications. Key subsidiaries include Universal Robina and Cebu Pacific.
Büzmeýin District
Büzmeýin District  (Turkmen: Büzmeýin etraby, from 2002 to 2018 called Abadan District, expanded in 2018 to include former Archabil District and Chandybil District) is a borough of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.  As a borough, it is headed by a presidentially appointed mayor (Turkmen: häkim). The borough known as Büzmeýin should not be confused with the neighborhood of the same name in Ashgabat, boundaries of which correspond to the former city of Büzmeýin/Abadan.

Büzmeýin, Turkmenistan
38°03′06″N 58°12′36″E﻿ / ﻿38.05167°N 58.21000°E﻿ / 38.05167; 58.21000

Büzmeýin is the name of both a borough (Turkmen: uly etrap), Büzmeýin District, and a neighborhood (Turkmen: ýaşaýyş toplumy) of Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Formerly a separate city in Ahal Province, in 2013 the city was incorporated into Ashgabat as part of a program that expanded the capital's area by about 15%.

The municipality was founded as a "town of urban type" but granted the status of a city in 1963.  It bore the name Büzmeýin until October 2002, when its name was changed to Abadan by President Saparmurat Niyazov. In January 2018, the original name was restored. The traditional Russian form of the name is Bezmein (Безмейн).
James Dugdale, 2nd Baron Crathorne
Charles James Dugdale, 2nd Baron Crathorne, KCVO, KStJ, FRSA, FSA (born 12 September 1939), is a British politician who is currently serving as a hereditary peer, as an elected member since 11 November 1999, and as a hereditary since 25 May 1977. He also served as the Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire from 1999 until 2014. Crathorne is a member of the Conservative Party.

Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire
The position of Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974.

Since 1996 the position has included the areas south of the River Tees in the former county of Cleveland. Upon the dissolution of Cleveland, Lord Gisborough was made joint lord-lieutenant of North Yorkshire. North Yorkshire is the largest lieutenancy region in England that in 2018 had a population of over 1,135,000.

1 April 1974 – 1987: Oswald Phipps, 4th Marquess of Normanby (previously Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire)

1987–1999: Sir Marcus Worsley, 5th Baronet, with a lieutenant:

1996–2001: Richard Chaloner, 3rd Baron Gisborough (formerly Lord Lieutenant of Cleveland)

1999–2014: James Dugdale, 2nd Baron Crathorne

2014–2018: Barry Dodd

2018–: Johanna Ropner
Churchill Scholarship
The Churchill Scholarship is awarded by the Winston Churchill Foundation of the United States to graduates of the more than one hundred colleges and universities invited to participate in the Churchill Scholarship Program, for the pursuit of research and study in the physical and natural sciences, mathematics, engineering, for one year at Churchill College at the University of Cambridge.

The scholarship is often considered one of the most prestigious and competitive international fellowships available to American graduate students, alongside the Marshall, Rhodes, Gates Cambridge, Fulbright, and Mitchell scholarships. Each year, up to two students may be endorsed by each of the 138 U.S. institutions invited to participate in the program.

Mitchell Scholarship
The George J. Mitchell Scholarships, awarded annually by the US-Ireland Alliance, provide funding for graduate study in Ireland. It covers universities in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. It was established in 1998, and the first class of scholars began their studies in 2000. On average, around 350 eligible American students apply for the 12 scholarships each year, with an acceptance rate of around 3%. In 2020, the US-Ireland Alliance announced that applications for the George J. Mitchell Scholar Class of 2022 increased by 22%, resulting in a record 453 individual applicants for the program. As of 2025, the program is no longer accepting applications, having been put on pause due to lack of funding.
Aaron Gordon
Aaron Addison Gordon (born September 16, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Born in San Jose, California, Gordon attended Archbishop Mitty High School where he led his team to two state championships and was named California Mr. Basketball in his junior and senior years. Gordon then played one year of college basketball with the Arizona Wildcats, during which they won the Pac-12 regular season title and reached the Elite Eight of the 2014 NCAA tournament.

Gordon was selected by the Orlando Magic as the fourth overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft. Gordon has twice been a runner-up in the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, losing close matchups to Zach LaVine in 2016 and Derrick Jones Jr. in 2020. After being traded to the Nuggets in 2021, Gordon won his first NBA championship in 2023.

Derrick Jones Jr.
Derrick Labrent Jones Jr. (born February 15, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the UNLV Runnin' Rebels. He is nicknamed "Airplane Mode" because of his dunking ability.
Amazon Fire
The Amazon Fire, formerly called the Kindle Fire, is a line of tablet computers developed by Amazon. Built with Quanta Computer, the Kindle Fire was originally released in November of 2011, featuring a color 7-inch multi-touch display with IPS technology and running on Fire OS, an Android-based operating system. The Kindle Fire HD followed in September 2012, and the Kindle Fire HDX in September 2013. In September 2014, when the fourth generation was introduced, the name "Kindle" was dropped. In later generations, the Fire tablet is also able to convert into a Smart speaker turning on the "Show Mode" options, which the primary interaction will be by voice command through Alexa.

Fire HDX
The Amazon Fire HDX, formerly named Kindle Fire HDX, is a high-end model in the Amazon Fire line of tablet computers. It was announced on September 25, 2013, and was available in two models, 7 inch and 8.9 inch. The 7 inch WiFi model was released on October 18, 2013, and the 8.9 inch WiFi model was released on November 7, 2013, in the United States.

In September 2014, Amazon released the second generation of the Fire HDX 8.9 model that has a faster processor and a more powerful graphics processing unit. In addition, the name "Kindle" was removed from all of the Fire tablets' names.

The Fire HDX tablets were discontinued, and the Fire HD tablet line now includes the most powerful versions of Amazon Fire devices.
2012 Players Tour Championship Grand Final
The 2012 Players Tour Championship Grand Final (officially the 2012 Betfair Players Tour Championship Grand Final) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 14 and 18 March 2012 at the Bailey Allen Hall in Galway, Ireland.

Shaun Murphy was the defending champion, but he finished 37th on the Order of Merit, and didn't qualify.

Stephen Lee won his fifth ranking title by defeating Neil Robertson 4–0 in the final. It was Lee's first ranking title for six years, and Robertson's first defeat in a televised final.

It was also the final tournament he won in his professional snooker career, before Stephen was given a 12-year ban from the sport later that year, after his suspicious match-fixing and betting patterns arose.

Players Tour Championship 2011/2012
The Players Tour Championship 2011/2012 was a series of snooker tournaments which started on 18 June 2011 and ended on 18 March 2012 with events held in England and Europe. European events were no longer called Euro Players Tour Championship (EPTC) and were included alongside other PTC events. The twelve regular events were minor-ranking events, which were concluded with the Finals.
Connecticut Route 337
Route 337 is a state highway in southern Connecticut running for 4.91 miles (7.90 km) from Interstate 95 (I-95) in New Haven to Route 142 in East Haven. The road serves Tweed-New Haven Airport, and is also the main thoroughfare for the East Shore neighborhood of New Haven and the village of Momauguin in East Haven.

Connecticut Route 142
Route 142 is a state highway in Connecticut that serves as an alternate route of US 1, passing through the village of Short Beach on the Branford shoreline. It starts at US 1 in East Haven and ends at US 1 in Branford, running for 4.27 miles (6.87 km).
Wellington West Coast Regiment
The Wellington West Coast Regiment was a territorial infantry regiment of the New Zealand Military Forces. The regiment traced its origins to the Wanganui Rifle Volunteers, a volunteer corps formed in 1860. The volunteer corps provided men to the New Zealand contingents sent to South Africa during the Second Boer War and in 1911 became the 7th (Wellington West Coast) Regiment. During the First World War, the regiment provided a company to each of the battalions of the Wellington Infantry Regiment, which saw combat at Galipolli and on the Western Front. After the war the regiment was renamed the Wellington West Coast Regiment and remained in New Zealand for home defence during the Second World War. Men from the regiment, however, served with the 19th, 22nd, 25th and 36th Battalions of the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force. In 1948, the Wellington West Coast Regiment was amalgamated with the Taranaki Regiment and became the Wellington West Coast and Taranaki Regiment.

Wellington Infantry Regiment (NZEF)
The Wellington Infantry Regiment was a military unit of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) raised for service in the First World War. It saw service in the Gallipoli Campaign (1915) and on the Western Front (1916–1919). The regiment was formed by grouping together companies from four different territorial regiments base in the Wellington Military district.
Rohtas Fort
Rohtas Fort (Punjabi: روہتاس قلعہ, romanized: Rohtās Qillā; Urdu: قلعہِ روہتاس, romanized: Qilā-e-Rohtās) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Dina in Jhelum district of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Commissioned by Sur emperor Sher Shah Suri, its construction was supervised by Raja Todar Mal and is now one of the largest and most formidable forts in Punjab.

The fort remains remarkably intact and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. UNESCO called it an "exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia." Over one-third of the fortress area is occupied by the Rohtas village, inhabited continuously since the times of Islam Shah Suri, making Rohtas one of the few living forts in the world.

Sur Empire
The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram (in modern-day Bihar) serving as its capital. It was founded by Sher Shah Suri.

The Sur dynasty held control of nearly all the Mughal Empire territories along the Indo-Gangetic Plain, from eastern Balochistan in the west of Indus River to modern-day Rakhine, Myanmar in the east. Even as Sher Shah Suri consolidated his power over North India, Eastern India was still considered to be the seat of Sur power in India. This is demonstrated by the fact that 8 of the 16 silver mint cities he established were in the region between Chunar and Fathabad.
Solkota Cave Natural Monument
Solkota Cave Natural Monument (Georgian: სოლკოტას მღვიმე) is a karst cave 2.3 km to the north of village Kumistavi, known for nearby Prometheus Cave Natural Monument,  in Tskaltubo Municipality in Imereti region of Georgia, 20 km from Kutaisi. Cave is located on the left bank of river Semi, 379 meters above sea level.

Prometheus Cave Natural Monument
Prometheus Cave Natural Monument (Georgian: პრომეთეს მღვიმე) also known as Kumistavi Cave (Georgian: ყუმისთავის მღვიმე)  and Tsqaltubo Cave (Georgian: ღლიანის მღვიმე) is a karst cave located in Tsqaltubo Municipality in Imereti region of Georgia.
Afterdeck
In naval architecture, an afterdeck or after deck, or sometimes the aftdeck, aft deck or a-deck is the open deck area toward the stern or aft back part of a ship or  boat. The afterdeck can be used for a number of different purposes, yet not all ships have an afterdeck. In place of the afterdeck, a ship may be built with a poop deck, that is a deck that forms the roof of a cabin built in the rear, or "aft", part of the superstructure of a ship; a poop deck is usually higher up than an afterdeck.  A ship may have its superstructure or aftercastle located in the stern and thus not have an afterdeck. The stern and afterdeck of a ship are usually more smooth and stable than the bow (front) of the ship in motion.
A taffrail is the handrail around the open afterdeck or poop deck. On wooden sailing ships like  man-of-war or East Indiaman the taffrail is usually a hand carved wood rail and often highly decorated.

Deck (ship)
A deck is a permanent covering over a compartment or a hull of a ship. On a boat or ship, the primary or upper deck is the horizontal structure that forms the "roof" of the hull, strengthening it and serving as the primary working surface. Vessels often have more than one level both within the hull and in the superstructure above the primary deck, similar to the floors of a multi-storey building, that are also referred to as decks, as are certain compartments and decks built over specific areas of the superstructure. Decks for some purposes have specific names.
Alnitak
Alnitak is a triple star system in the constellation of Orion. It has the designations ζ Orionis, which is Latinised to Zeta Orionis and abbreviated Zeta Ori or ζ Ori, and 50 Orionis, abbreviated 50 Ori. The system is located at a distance of several hundred parsecs from the Sun and is one of the three main stars of Orion's Belt along with Alnilam and Mintaka.

The primary star, Alnitak Aa, is a hot blue supergiant with an absolute magnitude of −6.0 and is the brightest class O star in the night sky with a visual magnitude of +2.0. It has two companions—Ab and B, the latter known for the longest time and the former discovered recently, producing a combined magnitude for the trio of +1.77. The stars are members of the Orion OB1 association and the Collinder 70 association.

Alnilam
Alnilam is the central star of Orion's Belt in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It has the Bayer designation ε Orionis, which is Latinised to Epsilon Orionis and abbreviated Epsilon Ori or ε Ori. This is a massive, blue supergiant star some 1,250 light-years distant. It is estimated to be 270,000 times as luminous as the Sun, and 28 times as massive.
John Snorri Sigurjónsson
John Snorri Sigurjónsson (20 June 1973 – c. 5 February 2021) was an Icelandic mountaineer. In May 2017, he became the first Icelander to summit Lhotse in the Himalayas, which is 8,516 meters high and the 4th highest mountain in the world. On July 28 of the same year, he became the first Icelander to summit K2. On 4 August 2017, he successfully summited Broad Peak (8051 m).

On 5 February 2021, John Snorri along with Ali Sadpara and Juan Mohr went missing while attempting a K2 summit push from Camp 3. On 18 February, Pakistan authorities officially presumed the three men dead, but stated that the search for their remains would continue. On 26 July 2021, the bodies of the three missing mountaineers were found in the slopes above Camp 4.

Ali Sadpara
Muhammad Ali Sadpara (Urdu: محمد علی سدپارہ; (1976-02-02)2 February 1976 – February 2021) was a Pakistani mountaineer. He was part of the team (which included Italian alpinist Simone Moro and Spanish alpinist Alex Txikon) that completed the first winter ascent of Nanga Parbat in 2016. Throughout his career, Sadpara successfully climbed a total of eight eight-thousanders, four of which he ascended in a single calendar year.
Hoogkarspel
Hoogkarspel (West Frisian: Hougkarspel) is a village in the municipality Drechterland, located in the north west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. The name derives from the words hoog (Dutch for "high") and kerspel, a Middle Dutch word for parish.

Hoogkarspel was a separate municipality until 1979, when it was merged into the new municipality of Bangert, which has been renamed to Drechterland in 1980.

Drechterland
Drechterland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdrɛxtərlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. The municipality was formed in 1979, in a merger of the former municipalities of Hoogkarspel, Westwoud and Oosterblokker. Its original name, Bangert, was changed to "Drechterland" in 1980. In 2006, the former municipality of Venhuizen was added to Drechterland.
Istočno Sarajevo
Istočno Sarajevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Источно Сарајево, lit. 'East Sarajevo') is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It consists of a few suburban areas located south of pre-war Sarajevo which are now included in the Republika Srpska entity, and newly built areas. The seat of the city is the neighborhood of Lukavica, Istočno Novo Sarajevo.

With an area of 1,450 km2, Istočno Sarajevo is one of the largest administrative areas in the Balkans. It is estimated that in 2022 it had a population of 60,120 inhabitants. Istočno Sarajevo is the largest city in Republika Srpska in terms of area, while it is in fifth place in terms of population. It is the only city of the entity that includes several municipalities. It is separated from Sarajevo by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line.

Today, Istočno Sarajevo shares its Olympic history with Sarajevo when the city hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. In addition, both cities hosted the 2019 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival.

Istočno Novo Sarajevo
Istočno Novo Sarajevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Источно Ново Сарајево, lit. East New Sarajevo) is a municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is suburban part of the Sarajevo, estimated that in 2022 it had a population of 12,552 inhabitants. The seat of the municipality is the neighborhood of Lukavica, where as well located many institutions of the city of Istočno Sarajevo.
Armed Forces of Turkmenistan
The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Ýaragly Güýçleri), known informally as the Turkmen National Army (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Milli goşun) is the national military of Turkmenistan. It consists of the Ground Forces, the Air Force and Air Defense Forces, Navy, and other independent formations (etc. Border Troops, Internal Troops and National Guard).

Turkmen Naval Forces
The Turkmen Naval Forces   (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Harby-deňiz Güýçleri) is the naval warfare branch of the armed forces of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan's Navy Day is celebrated annually on October 9. The naval forces were directed by the Border Guard Service until 2009.

Although Turkmenistan is not connected to the world's oceans, it is on the Caspian Sea, the world's largest lake, which is where the Naval Forces operate. There are no large navigable rivers in the country, so they are not active on the rivers.
Red Square (novel)
Red Square is a crime novel by Martin Cruz Smith, primarily set in Moscow, Munich and Berlin between August 6 and August 21, 1991. It is a sequel to Gorky Park and Polar Star and features the Investigator Arkady Renko, taking place during the period of the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Gorky Park (novel)
Gorky Park is a 1981 crime novel written by American author Martin Cruz Smith.

Set in the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Gorky Park is the first book in a series featuring the character Arkady Renko, a Moscow homicide investigator. Two subsequent books, Polar Star and Red Square, are also set during the Soviet era. Eight further books starring Renko take place after the fall of the Soviet Union. These are Havana Bay, set in  communist Cuba; Wolves Eat Dogs, which follows Renko in the disaster of Chernobyl; Stalin's Ghost, in which Arkady returns to a Russia led by Vladimir Putin; Three Stations; Tatiana; The Siberian Dilemma; Independence Square; and Hotel Ukraine.

Gorky Park was a major best-seller, vaulting Smith to fame after a decade as a moderately successful professional author. The novel was praised for the authenticity with which it depicted life in the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was adapted into a successful 1983 film of the same name.