hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lowell Smith
Lowell Herbert Smith (October 8, 1892 – November 4, 1945) was a pioneer American airman who piloted the first airplane to receive a complete mid-air refueling (along with Lt. John P. Richter) on June 27, 1923, and later set an endurance record of 37 hours on August 28, both in a De Havilland DH-4B. Smith also piloted the Douglas World Cruiser Chicago, which along with one other made the first aerial circumnavigation in 1924. Smith held 16 records for military aircraft in speed, endurance and distance.  He was awarded the best achievement in flight Mackay Trophy twice.

First aerial circumnavigation
The first aerial circumnavigation of the world was completed in 1924 by four aviators from an eight-man team of the United States Army Air Service, the precursor of the United States Air Force. The 175-day journey from April to September covered over 26,345 miles (42,398 km). The team generally traveled east to west, around the northern Pacific Rim, through to South Asia and Europe and back to Seattle's Sand Point Airfield in the United States. Airmen Lowell H. Smith and Leslie P. Arnold, and Erik H. Nelson and John Harding Jr. made the trip in two single-engined open-cockpit Douglas World Cruisers (DWC) configured as floatplanes for most of the journey. Lead aircraft Chicago, and the New Orleans completed the expedition. Four more flyers in two additional DWC began the journey but their aircraft crashed or were forced down. All airmen survived. They were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, and the flight won the Mackay Trophy aviation award for 1924.
Zenit (camera)
Zenit (Russian: Зени́т) is a Soviet camera brand manufactured by KMZ in the town of Krasnogorsk near Moscow since 1952 and by BelOMO in Belarus since the 1970s. The Zenit trademark is associated with 35 mm SLR cameras. Among related brands are Zorki (Watchful) for 35 mm rangefinder cameras, Moskva (Moscow) and Iskra (Spark) for medium-format folding cameras and Horizon for panoramic cameras. In the 1960s and 1970s, they were exported by Mashpriborintorg to 74 countries.

The name is sometimes spelled Zenith in English, such as the manuals published by the UK Zenit-importer TOE. However, TOE's imported camera bodies as from 1963 retained the "Zenit" badges. The early Zorki-based models before that time were labelled "Zenith" in a handwritten style of script.

Zorki
Zorki (Russian: Зоркий, meaning sharp-sighted) is a series of 35mm rangefinder cameras manufactured in the Soviet Union between 1948 and 1978.

The Zorki was a product of the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Factory (KMZ), which also produced the Zenit single lens reflex camera (SLR). The first Zorki cameras are inexpensive Leica II copies just like the FED, but later models are considerably different from the Leica.

When using most Zorki cameras, the shutter speed should only be set after the shutter has been cocked. Setting the shutter speed before the shutter is cocked can permanently damage the camera. This especially affects all Zorki cameras with slow shutter speeds under 1/30 of a second, in particular the Zorki-3 and Zorki-4.
Count of Penaguião
Count of Penaguião (in Portuguese Conde de Penaguião) is a Portuguese title of nobility, created by King Philip I of Portugal, on 10 February 1583, for Dom João Rodrigues de Sá.

The noble family of Sá were elevated as Marquises of Fontes in 1659.

By Royal Decree of King John V of Portugal on 24 June 1718, the 3rd Marquis of Fontes, a celebrated military commander and ambassador, received a grant of land from the Crown and was conferred the additional distinguished marquisate of Abrantes; the Letters Patent also granted him the additional ancient arms and name of Almeida and stipulated the countship of Penaguião devolve upon the Marquis' heir apparent de jure.

Marquess of Fontes
Marquess of Fontes (in Portuguese Marquês de Fontes) was a Portuguese title of nobility, granted by a decree issued by King Afonso VI of Portugal on 2 January 1659, to D. Francisco de Sá e Menezes, 3rd Count of Penaguião.

On 24 June 1718, the 3rd Marquess of Fontes, Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Menezes, had his title changed, by King John V of Portugal, to Marquess of Abrantes, once he descended, by female line, from the prestigious Counts of Abrantes, an old line already extinct.
Slough (UK Parliament constituency)
Slough is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Tan Dhesi, a member of the Labour Party, since the 2017 UK general election.

The seat is one of five Labour seats from a total of nine seats in Berkshire.

Tan Dhesi
Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi (Punjabi: ਤਨਮਨਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਢੇਸੀ; born 17 August 1978), commonly known as Tan Dhesi, is a British Labour Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Slough since 2017.
Egyptian chronology
The Conventional Egyptian chronology reflects the broad scholarly consensus about the outline and many details of the chronology of Ancient Egypt. It places the beginning of the Old Kingdom in the 27th century BC, the beginning of the Middle Kingdom in the 21st century BC and the beginning of the New Kingdom in the mid-16th century BC.

Disagreements remain within this consensus, and various chronologies diverge by about 300 years for the Early Dynastic Period, up to 30 years in the New Kingdom, and a few years in the Late Period.

In addition, there are a number of "alternative chronologies" outside scholarly consensus, such as the "New Chronology" proposed in the 1990s, which lowers New Kingdom dates by as much as 350 years, or the "Glasgow Chronology" (proposed 1978–1982), which lowers New Kingdom dates by as much as 500 years.

Glasgow Chronology
The Glasgow Chronology is a proposed revision of the Egyptian chronology of ancient Egypt. It was first formulated between the years 1978 and 1982 by a working group following the Glasgow Conference of Society for Interdisciplinary Studies (SIS, a non-profit organization advocating serious academic analysis of the pseudoscientific writings of Immanuel Velikovsky and other catastrophists).

This chronology placed the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt some five hundred years later than the conventional chronology of Egypt.
Direct material price variance
In variance analysis (accounting) direct material price variance is the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost for the actual quantity of material purchased. It is one of the two components (the other is direct material usage variance) of direct material total variance.

Variance (accounting)
In budgeting, and management accounting in general, a variance is the difference between a budgeted, planned, or standard cost and the actual amount incurred/sold. Variances can be computed for both costs and revenues.

The concept of variance is intrinsically connected with planned and actual results and effects of the difference between those two on the performance of the entity or company.
Tanhaiyaan
Tanhaiyaan  (Urdu: تنہائیاں, English: The loneliness) is a 1986 Pakistani drama serial which is now considered a cult classic. Tanhaiyan Naye Silsilay, telecast in 2012, is a sequel to the 27-year-old serial Tanhaiyaan.

The drama serial was directed by the legendary Shahzad Khalil and written by famous drama writer Haseena Moin. Tanhaiyan featured an ensemble star cast of veterans such as Shehnaz Sheikh, Marina Khan, Asif Raza Mir, Badar Khalil, Behroze Sabzwari, Azra Sherwani, Qazi Wajid, Durdana Butt, Yasmeen Ismail, Jamshed Ansari, Amir Hatmi, Subhani Ba Younus and Sultana Zafar.

Tanhaiyaan is the story of two sisters who lose their parents and with them their affluent and carefree life and go to live with their aunt. Their efforts to buy back their parents' house lead them to realise what makes a house a home.

Marina Khan
Marina Khan (born 26 December 1962) is a Pakistani television and film actress, director, and producer. She is one of the most popular actresses of her time and was one of the most successful actresses of the 1980s and 1990s. Her television shows include Tanhaiyaan (1985), Dhoop Kinare (1987), Kohar (1991), Nijaat (1993), Tum Se Kehna Tha (1995) and Tanha (1997). She went into a hiatus in the mid-2000s and made a comeback on-screen with Tanhaiyan Naye Silsile (2012) which was the sequel to her debut series, Tanhaiyan. Khan made her film debut with a title role in the 2016 drama Lala Begum.
Mangkunegaran
The Principality of Mangkunegaran (Indonesian: Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) was a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia.
It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in February, and swore allegiance to the rulers of Surakarta, Yogyakarta, and the Dutch East Indies Company, and was given an appanage of 4000 households.

The Palace of the rulers of Mangkunegaran was established by Raden Mas Said who signed a treaty with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1757. By the treaty, he became the ruler of a part of Eastern Mataram and was henceforth known as Mangkunegara I. Known as Pura Mangkunegaran, the palace is located in the center of the city of Solo.

Mangkunegara I
Mangkunegara I, 1st Duke of Mangkunegaran also known as Prince Sambernyawa ("Life Reaping Prince"), his birth name was Raden Mas Said (7 April 1725 – 28 December 1795), established the Puro Mangkunegaran, in Surakarta, Java Island. Thus, he was the first ruler of The Principality of Mangkunegaran.
Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding
The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding (SACU) is an organisation established in 1965 to promote understanding and friendship between British and Chinese people. The organisation has no political affiliation and is open to all who are interested in China and its peoples. It is a registered charity and currently operates with branches in different parts of the country. In the 1970s SACU offered a rare point of contact with the PRC authorities: it provided information at a time when there were few other sources available and was one of the few organisations that could arrange visits. The organisation's first chairman and president was the much esteemed scientist and sinologist, Joseph Needham, FRS, Fellow and President of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (/ˈniːdəm/; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian of science and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology, initiating publication of the multivolume Science and Civilisation in China. He called attention to what has come to be known as the Needham Question, of why and how China had ceded its leadership in science and technology to Western countries.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Order of the Companions of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles.
Hmar Ethnic Cultural Sites
The Hmar Ethnic Cultural Sites are a series of ethno-cultural sites of the Hmar people. These sites are located within Pherzawl district, Manipur, India. Popular sites include Sikpuilung, Thangngur Tawngtaina Puk, Zawllung, Lungthu Lien Pathum, Paruol Pasari Lungtat, Lalruong Lungkap and others.

Pherzawl district
Pherzawl district is located in the southern part of the state of Manipur. It is bounded on the east by Churachandpur District; on the north by Tamenglong District, Noney District and Jiribam district; on the west by the Cachar District of Assam and on the South by Sinlung Hills, Mizoram.  Pherzawl District has approximately 200 villages.
Natevier River
The Natevier River is a tributary of the Oreille River, flowing entirely into the town of Chibougamau, Jamésie, into the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The course of the river flows entirely in the canton of Roy.

The hydrographic slope of the Natevier River is accessible via route 167, which also serves the south side of Waconichi Lake and the Waconichi River. This last road comes from Chibougamau, going north-east to the south-eastern part of Mistassini Lake.

The surface of the Natevier River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is usually from mid-November to mid-April.

Blondeau River (Chibougamau Lake)
The Blondeau River is a tributary of Chibougamau Lake (via McKenzie Bay), flowing entirely into the town of Chibougamau, in Jamésie, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The course of the river flows entirely in the canton of Roy.

The hydrographic slope of the Blondeau River is accessible by the junction of a forest road (east–west direction) serving the north side of Chibougamau Lake; the latter is connected to route 167 which also serves the south side of Waconichi Lake and the Waconichi River. This last road comes from Chibougamau, going north-east to the south-eastern part of Mistassini Lake.

The surface of the Blondeau River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.
Dundee Township, Illinois
Dundee Township occupies the 6-mile (9.7 km) square in the Northeast corner of Kane County, Illinois.  It includes West and East Dundee, Carpentersville, Sleepy Hollow, Gilberts and portions of Elgin, Barrington Hills, and Algonquin.  It is divided by the Fox River.

As of the 2010 census, its population was 64,722 and it contained 22,699 housing units.

Algonquin, Illinois
Algonquin is a village in McHenry and Kane counties, Illinois, in the United States. It is a suburb of Chicago, located approximately 40 miles (64 km) northwest of the Loop. As of the 2020 census, the village's population was 29,700.

The village is known as "The Gem of the Fox River Valley", referring to the location of its downtown.
2013 CIS football season
The 2013 CIS football season began on August 25, 2013, with ten Ontario University Athletics teams playing that day. The season concluded on November 23 with the 49th Vanier Cup championship in Quebec City, won by the Laval Rouge et Or after they defeated the Calgary Dinos 25–14. This year, 27 university teams in Canada played Canadian Interuniversity Sport football, the highest level of amateur Canadian football. The Carleton Ravens football team re-joined the CIS after a 14-year absence, increasing the number of OUA teams to 11 and necessitating the use of bye weeks in that conference.

49th Vanier Cup
The 2013 Vanier Cup, the 49th edition of the Canadian university football championship, took place on Saturday, November 23, 2013 at TELUS-Université Laval Stadium in Quebec City, Quebec. This was the third time in five years that Université Laval hosted the Vanier Cup. For the previous two years, the game had been held in conjunction with the Canadian Football League's championship, the Grey Cup, but due to logistical issues by this year's host, Regina, a joint venture was not possible.
The Blacks (play)
The Blacks (French: Les Nègres) is a play by the French dramatist Jean Genet. Published in 1958, it was first performed in a production directed by Roger Blin at the Théâtre de Lutèce in Paris, France, which opened on 28 October 1959.

Jean Genet
Jean Genet (/ʒəˈneɪ/; French: [ʒɑ̃ ʒənɛ]; (1910-12-19)19 December 1910 – (1986-04-15)15 April 1986) was a French novelist, playwright, poet, essayist, and political activist. In his early life he was a vagabond and petty criminal, but he later became a writer and playwright. His major works include the novels The Thief's Journal and Our Lady of the Flowers and the plays The Balcony, The Maids and The Screens.
Fountain Hall
Fountain Hall, formerly Fairchild Hall and Stone Hall, is a historic academic building on the grounds of Morris Brown College in Atlanta, Georgia. Built in 1882, it is the oldest surviving building originally associated with Atlanta University—now Clark Atlanta University—which is the first of all historically black colleges and universities in the American South founded September 19, 1865. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974. It is now named after Bishop William A. Fountain.

Morris Brown College
Morris Brown College (MBC) is a private Methodist historically black liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded January 5, 1881, Morris Brown is the first educational institution in Georgia to be owned and operated entirely by African Americans.
Presidente Médici International Airport
Presidente Médici International Airport (IATA: RBR) was an airport that served Rio Branco, Brazil from 1973 until 1999. The facility was closed one day before the opening of Plácido de Castro International Airport.

Rio Branco International Airport
Rio Branco–Plácido de Castro International Airport (IATA: RBR, ICAO: SBRB) is an airport serving Rio Branco, Brazil. Since April 13, 2009 the airport is named after José Plácido de Castro (1873–1908) a politician leader of the Acrean Revolution.

It is operated by Vinci SA.
Antlers, Oklahoma
Antlers is a city in and the county seat of Pushmataha County, Oklahoma, United States.  The population was 2,221 as of the 2020 United States census.  The town was named for a kind of tree that becomes festooned with antlers shed by deer, and is taken as a sign of the location of a spring frequented by deer.

Pushmataha County, Oklahoma
Pushmataha County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,812. Its county seat is Antlers.

The county was created at statehood from part of the former territory of the Choctaw Nation, which had its capital at the town of Tuskahoma. Planned by the Five Civilized Tribes as part of a state of Sequoyah, the new Oklahoma state also named the county for Pushmataha, an important Choctaw chief in the American Southeast. He had tried to ensure that his people would not have to cede their lands, but died in Washington, DC during a diplomatic trip in 1824. The Choctaw suffered Indian Removal to Indian Territory.
Gmina Opatówek
Gmina Opatówek is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Opatówek (population 3,800), which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Kalisz and 117 km (73 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 104.32 square kilometres (40.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,148.

Opatówek
Opatówek [ɔpaˈtuvɛk] is a town of 3,800 inhabitants in central Poland, situated 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast from Kalisz, in the Kalisz County in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The commune (Gmina) of Opatówek, including the town of Opatówek and 26 other villages, has about 10,000 inhabitants and is an agricultural and industrial region. (See also Commune Opatówek.)
Cichlinae
The Cichlinae are a subfamily of  fishes in the cichlid family, native to Central and South America.

This subfamily consists of approximately 117 described species as of July 2017. Some authors have suggested that the Cichlinae encompasses all of the Neotropical Cichlids and found the taxon to be monophyletic and to be divided into seven tribes: Astronotini, Chaetobranchini, Cichlasomatini, Cichlini, Geophagini, Heroini, and Retroculini. In this system the Geophaginae plus the Chaetobranchini were recovered as the sister taxon to the clade consisting of the Heroini plus the Cichlatsomatini, these latter two being referred to as the subfamily Cichlasomatinae in some classifications, while the monogeneric Astronotini was a sister taxon to these four, while the Cichlini and Retroculini made up a sister clade of the other five.

Chaetobranchini
Chaetobranchini is a tribe of the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. They are distributed from the river basin of the Orinoco and the Guianas south to the basins of the Río Paraná and Río Paraguay . The two recognised genera of the Chaetobranchini have been classified together with Astronotus in the subfamily Astronotinae but the consensus is that this genus forms the monogeneric tribe, the Astronotini, these two each being one of the seven tribes in Cichlinae.
Premijer liga (Croatian basketball)
The Super Sport Premijer liga (English: Super Sport Premier League, lit. 'Super Sport Premier League'), also known as simply Premijer liga, is the first tier level men's professional basketball league in Croatia. It began in 1991, following the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia and therefore the Yugoslav League, and is organized by the Croatian Basketball Federation.

Favbet Premijer liga, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 12 teams. The most successful club is KK Cibona with 19 championship titles.

First Federal Basketball League
The First Federal Basketball League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna košarkaška liga) was the highest tier level men's professional club basketball competition in the former country of SFR Yugoslavia. Founded in 1945, and folded in 1992 (1991–92 Winer Broker YUBA League), it was run by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia. With a total of 16 European-wide trophy winners and 11 finalists, the Yugoslav First Basketball League was one of the strongest European national domestic basketball leagues of all time.

Although each of the former Yugoslav countries now have their own national domestic leagues, the six nations also now take part in the ABA League (commonly known as the Adriatic League), which was founded in 2001; and which is, the closest basketball league in existence today, that is similar to the former Yugoslav First Federal Basketball League.
Washington State Route 503
State Route 503 (SR 503) is a 54.11-mile-long (87.08 km) state highway serving Clark and Cowlitz counties in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway travels north from a short concurrency with SR 500 in Orchards through Battle Ground, the eastern terminus of SR 502, and communities in rural Clark County before crossing the Lewis River on the Yale Bridge. SR 503 intersects its spur route and turns west to parallel the Lewis River downstream to Woodland, where the highway ends at an interchange with Interstate 5 (I-5). The highway was part of the Lewis River Road, signed as State Road 15, from 1909 until 1919. The current route of SR 503 was split between Secondary State Highway 1S (SSH 1) from Woodland to Battle Ground and SSH 1U from Battle Ground to Orchards in 1937, combined to form SR 503 during the 1964 highway renumbering. A spur route, established in 1991, travels northeast into the Gifford Pinchot National Forest along Yale Lake, serving the community of Cougar.

Cowlitz County, Washington
Cowlitz County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 110,730. The county seat is Kelso, and its largest city is Longview. The county was formed in April 1854. Its name derives from the anglicized version of the Cowlitz Indian term Cow-e-liske, meaning either 'river of shifting sands' or 'capturing the medicine spirit.' Cowlitz comprises the Longview, WA Metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined statistical area.
Pessinus
Pessinus (Greek: Πεσσινούς or Πισσινούς) was an Ancient city and archbishopric in Asia Minor, a geographical area roughly covering modern Anatolia (Asian Turkey). The site of the city is now the modern Turkish village of Ballıhisar, in a tributary valley of the Sakarya River on the high Anatolian plateau at ca. 950 m above sea level, 13 km from the small town of Sivrihisar. Pessinus remains a Catholic (formerly double) titular see.

Orcistus
Orcistus or Orkistos (Ancient Greek: Ὀρκιστός) was a city originally in the northeast of ancient Phrygia and later a bishopric in the Roman province of Galatia Secunda, situated south of the town now called Ortaköy, Afyonkarahissar, and previously Alikel Yaila.