hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Common Romanian
Common Romanian (Romanian: română comună), also known as Ancient Romanian (străromână), or Proto-Romanian (protoromână), is a comparatively reconstructed Romance language which evolved from Vulgar Latin and was spoken by the ancestors of today's Romanians, Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians and related Balkan Latin peoples (Vlachs) between the 6-7th centuries AD. and the 10th or 11th centuries AD. The Romanian language, the Aromanian language, the Megleno-Romanian language, and the Istro-Romanian language all share language innovations rooted in Vulgar Latin, and as a group they are all distinct from the other Romance languages.

Megleno-Romanian language
Megleno-Romanian (known as vlăhește by its speakers, and Megleno-Romanian or Meglenitic and sometimes Moglenitic or Meglinitic by linguists) is an Eastern Romance language, similar to Aromanian. It is spoken by the Megleno-Romanians in a few villages in the Moglena region that spans the border between the Greek region of Macedonia and North Macedonia. It is also spoken by emigrants from these villages and their descendants in Romania, in Turkey by a small Muslim group, and in Serbia. It is considered an endangered language.
Great Fear
The Great Fear (French: Grande Peur) was a general panic that took place between 22 July to 6 August 1789, at the start of the French Revolution. Rural unrest had been present in France since the worsening grain shortage of the spring. Fuelled by rumours of an aristocrats' "famine plot" to starve or burn out the population, both peasants and townspeople mobilised in many regions.

In response to those rumors, fearful peasants armed themselves in self defense and, in some areas, attacked manor houses. The content of the rumors varied. In some areas it was believed that a foreign force was burning the crops in the fields, and in other areas it was believed that robbers were burning buildings. Fear of the peasant revolt was a contributing factor to the abolition of seigneurialism in France through the August Decrees.

Abolition of feudalism in France
One of the central events of the French Revolution was the abolition of feudalism, and the old rules, taxes, and privileges left over from the ancien régime. The National Constituent Assembly, after deliberating on the night of 4 August 1789, announced, "The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely." It abolished both the seigneurial rights of the Second Estate (the nobility) and the tithes gathered by the First Estate (the Catholic clergy). The old judicial system, founded on the 13 regional parlements, was suspended in November 1789 and finally abolished in 1790.
Qbuzz
Qbuzz is a public transport company in the Netherlands that operates services in Friesland, South Holland, Drenthe and Groningen. Founded in 2008, it was a subsidiary of Nederlandse Spoorwegen  from 2013 until 2017. It is currently owned by Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane.

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ferroˈviːe dello ˈstaːto itaˈljaːne]; lit. 'Italian State Railways JSC'; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
All Saints Church, Thrumpton
Christianity portal

All Saints’ Church, Thrumpton is a Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England in Thrumpton, Nottinghamshire. A stone font in the churchyard is Grade II listed.

It is part of an informal grouping of five churches that are known collectively as "The 453 Churches" as they straddle the A453. The other churches in the group are:

St. Lawrence's Church, Gotham

St. George's Church, Barton in Fabis

St. Winifred's Church, Kingston on Soar

Holy Trinity Church, Ratcliffe-on-Soar

St Lawrence's Church, Gotham
Christianity portal

St. Lawrence's Church, Gotham is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Gotham, Nottinghamshire.

It is part of an informal grouping of five churches that are known collectively as "The 453 Churches" as they straddle the A453. The other churches in the group are:

St. George's Church, Barton in Fabis

St. Winifred's Church, Kingston on Soar

Holy Trinity Church, Ratcliffe-on-Soar

All Saints’ Church, Thrumpton
Len Barchard
Leonard Barchard (3 February 1909 – 14 July 1975) represented the New Zealand rugby league team in 1930, becoming the 203rd Kiwi. He played one match on their tour of Australia and another against Auckland on his return. He also played for Auckland while representing three clubs in the Auckland Rugby League competition, City Rovers, Devonport United, and Marist Old Boys. He was the uncle of Kiwi, Des Barchard, while his brother Lawrence (Laurie) played seniors for City also.

City Newton Dragons
The City Newton Dragons are a defunct New Zealand rugby league club that was based at Victoria Park, Auckland. The club was created in 1948 by a merger of two original clubs, the City Rovers and Newton Rangers. Both the Rovers and the Rangers participated in the inaugural Auckland Rugby League competition in 1910. In 2004, the club was absorbed by the Ponsonby Ponies, who play a match in the City Newton colours annually to keep the heritage of the club alive.
Newtownabbey Borough Council
Newtownabbey Borough Council was a Local Authority in County Antrim in Northern Ireland, on the north shore of Belfast Lough just immediately north of Belfast. The Council merged with Antrim Borough Council in April 2015 under local government reform in Northern Ireland to form Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council.

Antrim Borough Council
Antrim Borough Council was the local authority of Antrim in Northern Ireland. It merged with Newtownabbey Borough Council on 1 April 2015 under local government reorganisation in Northern Ireland to become Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council.
Stone Brothers Racing
Stone Brothers Racing (SBR) was an Australian motor racing team that competed in the Supercars Championship between 1998 and 2012. The team was formed in 1998 when Ross and Jim Stone bought Alan Jones's shares in Alan Jones Racing and renamed it Stone Brothers Racing.

The team won the Bathurst 1000 in its debut year with Jason Bright and Steven Richards. It won the 2003 and 2004 championships with Marcos Ambrose and the 2005 championship with Russell Ingall. SBR won the Teams Championship (combined points of both cars) in 2003, 2004 and 2005, the 2004 V8 Supercars Series being a 1–2 finish.

The team was based in Yatala on the Gold Coast. Their nominated test track was initially Lakeside Raceway and later Queensland Raceway.

At the end of 2012, the team was sold to Erebus Motorsport.

Alan Jones Racing
Alan Jones Racing was a motorsport team contesting the Australian Touring Car Championship. At the end of 1997 Alan Jones sold his share of the team to Jim and Ross Stone who renamed it Stone Brothers Racing.
Oasis Academy Lister Park
Oasis Academy Lister Park (formerly The Challenge College) is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The school is named after Lister Park which is located near the school campus.

Previously a community school administered by Bradford City Council, The Challenge College converted to academy status on 1 September 2013 and was renamed Oasis Academy Lister Park. The school is now sponsored by the Oasis Trust but continues to coordinate with Bradford City Council for admissions.

The schools current principal, Sian Dover, assumed her role in 2020 after her predecessor, Ian Simpson, moved to another academy within the trust.

The school enjoyed a positive Ofsted in February 2019, where it was graded as a good school and the then principal praised for transforming the school.

Oasis Charitable Trust
Oasis Charitable Trust, commonly known as Oasis, is a United Kingdom-based Christian registered charity.  It was founded by the Reverend Steve Chalke in September of 1985. Chalke had been assistant minister at Tonbridge Baptist Church, Kent, for four years. He left this job with the aim of setting up a hostel for homeless young people. Oasis now has over 5,000 staff in the United Kingdom as well as thousands more volunteers.

Since its foundation Oasis has also developed into a family of charities now working on four continents (11 countries) around the world, with the goal of delivering housing, education, training, youthwork and healthcare. Oasis is now a voluntary sector provider, delivering services for local authorities and national governments, as well as self funded initiatives.

Oasis currently works in 51 local neighbourhoods – 35 of which are in the United Kingdom.
Counties 1 Midlands West (South)
Counties 1 Midlands West (South) (formerly Midlands 2 West (South)) is a level seven English rugby union league and level three of the Midlands League, made up of teams from the southern part of the West Midlands region including Herefordshire, parts of Birmingham and the West Midlands, Warwickshire and Worcestershire, with home and away matches played throughout the season.  When this division began in 1992 it was known as Midlands West 1, until it was split into two regional divisions called Midlands 3 West (North) and Midlands 3 West (South) ahead of the 2000–01 season.  Further restructuring of the Midlands leagues ahead of the 2009–10 season, saw it changed to Midlands 2 West (South) and post the Rugby Football Union (RFU)'s Adult Competition Review, from season 2022–23 it adopted its current name.

Luctonians II are the current champions and are promoted to Regional 2 Midlands West.

Regional 2 West Midlands
Regional 2 Midlands West  is an English level 6 rugby union league for rugby clubs in the western region of the Midlands. It includes sides from Birmingham, Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, the West Midlands, Worcestershire and occasionally Cheshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Oxfordshire. When this division began in 1987 it was known as Midlands 2 West, and has been restructured several times, most notably as a single division known as Midlands 2 between 1992 and 2000. It has been called Regional 2 Midlands West since 2022–23. The 2024–25 champions are Newent.
Neukieritzsch station
Neukieritzsch station is a station on the Leipzig–Hof and the Neukieritzsch–Chemnitz railways, which branches here, in Neukieritzsch in the German state of Saxony. The Neukieritzsch–Pegau railway, which has now been dismantled, also branched off here from 1909 until 1999.

Neukieritzsch–Chemnitz railway
The Neukieritzsch–Chemnitz railway is a line in the German state of Saxony. It branches in Neukieritzsch from the Leipzig–Hof railway and runs via Borna and Geithain to Chemnitz Main station. It is part of a long-distance connection between Leipzig and Chemnitz. The route is electrified between Neukieritzsch and Geithain.
4th Rifle Division (Poland)
The Polish 4th Rifle Division (Polish: 4. Dywizja Strzelców Polskich, Russian: Полская 4-я Стрелковая Дивизия) was a Polish military unit, forming, together with the Polish 5th Rifle Division of the Blue Army, the only part of the Polish military which took part in the Russian Civil War. Under the command of General Lucjan Żeligowski, it operated as an ally of the White movement from autumn 1918 to  August 1919 in southern Russia and Bessarabia.

5th Rifle Division (Poland)
This unit should not be confused with the 5th Rifle Division (II Polish Corps in Russia).

Polish 5th Siberian Rifle Division (Polish: 5. Dywizja Strzelców Polskich, Russian: Польская 5-я Стрелковая Дивизия; also known as the Siberian Division [Dywizja Syberyjska, Сибирский Дивизион] and Siberian Brigade [Brygada Syberyjska, Сибирский Бригада]) was a Polish military unit formed in 1919 in Russia during the aftermath of World War I. The division fought during the Polish-Soviet War, but as it was attached to the White Russian formations, it is considered to have fought more in the Russian Civil War. Its tradition was continued in the Polish Army as the 30th Infantry Division.
Col. Oliver Hazard Payne Estate
Col. Oliver Hazard Payne Estate is a historic 60-acre (24 ha) estate, also known as Omega and Wiltwick, located on the west bank of the Hudson River at Esopus in Ulster County, New York, United States. The estate features a 42,000-square-foot (3,900 m2) Beaux Arts-style Mediterranean palazzo with an open courtyard. It was designed in 1905 for Col. Oliver Hazard Payne by the architect Thomas Hastings of the firm of Carrère and Hastings, who also designed the New York Public Library and the Henry Clay Frick House. The estate is currently owned by Marist University and operated as the Raymond A. Rich Institute for Leadership Development.

Marist University
Marist University (formerly Marist College before 2025) is a private university in Poughkeepsie Town, New York, United States. Marist was founded by the Marist Brothers, a Catholic religious institute, in 1905 to prepare brothers for their vocations as educators. In 1929, Marist became accredited by the state to offer a wider range of degrees in the arts and sciences. Marist's 180-acre main campus overlooks the Hudson River. Marist has a branch campus in Florence, Italy. A member of NCAA Division I, Marist sponsors 23 collegiate sports. In 2003 the Catholic Church declared Marist a secular institution.
Ismene
In Greek mythology, Ismene (/ɪsˈmiːniː/; Ancient Greek: Ἰσμήνη, romanized: Ismḗnē) was a Theban princess. She was the daughter and half-sister of Oedipus, king of Thebes, daughter and granddaughter of Jocasta, and sister of Antigone, Eteocles, and Polynices. She appears in several tragic plays of Sophocles, including Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone.  She also appears at the end of Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes.

Antigone
In Greek mythology, Antigone (/ænˈtɪɡəni/ ⓘ ann-TIG-ə-nee; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη, romanized: Antigónē) was a Theban princess and a character in several ancient Greek tragedies. She was the daughter of Oedipus, king of Thebes; her mother/grandmother was either Jocasta or, in another variation of the myth, Euryganeia. She was the sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene.

Antigone appears in three 5th century BC tragic plays written by Sophocles, known collectively as the three Theban plays, with her being the protagonist of the eponymous tragedy Antigone. She makes a brief appearance at the end of Aeschylus' Seven against Thebes, and her story was also the subject of Euripides' now lost play of the same name. While Antigone may not have many appearances throughout Greek Myth, Sophocles' play has led to Antigone receiving a revered and long-lasting legacy.
Central tendency
In statistics, a central tendency (or measure of central tendency) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.

Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often called averages. The term central tendency dates from the late 1920s.

The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode.  A middle tendency can be calculated for either a finite set of values or for a theoretical distribution, such as the normal distribution. Occasionally authors use central tendency to denote "the tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some central value."

The central tendency of a distribution is typically contrasted with its dispersion or variability; dispersion and central tendency are the often characterized properties of distributions. Analysis may judge whether data has a strong or a weak central tendency based on its dispersion.

Statistical dispersion
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data is widely scattered. On the other hand, when the variance is small, the data in the set is clustered.

Dispersion is contrasted with location or central tendency, and together they are the most used properties of distributions.
Donna Kelce
Donna Kelce (née Blalock; born October 9, 1952) is an American former banker and the mother of National Football League players Jason Kelce and Travis Kelce. In addition to raising two professional athletes, she has been involved in charitable initiatives and appeared in media roles, including acting in Hallmark Channel films and being named one of Glamour's women of the year in 2024.

Jason Kelce
Jason Daniel Kelce (/ˈkɛlsi/ ⓘ KEL-see; born November 5, 1987) is an American former professional football center who spent his entire 13-year career with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). Kelce played college football for the Cincinnati Bearcats and was selected by the Eagles in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL draft. He won Super Bowl LII, was a seven-time Pro Bowl selection, and six-time first-team All-Pro selection. Kelce is often regarded as one of the greatest centers in NFL history.

Outside of football, Kelce and his brother, Travis, co-host the podcast New Heights, on which they discuss their playing careers and various other topics. In November 2024, Apple announced that New Heights was the 8th most popular podcast show on Apple Podcasts in 2024.

In 2024, Kelce joined ESPN's Monday Night Countdown pregame crew.
Silver Airways
Silver Airways was a regional airline in the United States with its headquarters in Hollywood, Florida, near Fort Lauderdale. It was founded in 2011 with assets from the former Gulfstream International Airlines, and last operated scheduled flights from its hubs in Fort Lauderdale and Tampa, Florida, as well as San Juan, Puerto Rico. The airline started flying on December 15, 2011.

As of November 2013, Silver Airways received $20,515,042 in annual federal subsidies for Essential Air Services that it provided to rural airports in the United States.

On June 11, 2025, Silver Airways ceased operations of all flights after selling its assets to Wexford Capital, who elected to discontinue operations of the airline.

Gulfstream International Airlines
Gulfstream International Airlines was a United States airline that operated from 1988 to 2010. The airline primarily operated codeshare flights for major airlines. In December 2010, the airline went bankrupt and its assets were sold. Silver Airways launched as a new regional carrier with assets from Gulfstream.
Mike Tenay
Michael William Tenay (born March 1, 1955) is an American podcast presenter and retired professional wrestling play-by-play announcer known for his time as an announcer for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA, later Impact Wrestling). Tenay, according to Impact Wrestling, "is known as "The Professor" for his extensive knowledge of the sport". Former Impact Wrestling Executive Producer and WCW president Eric Bischoff has described Tenay as "a walking encyclopedia of knowledge".

Tenay is a five-time recipient of the Wrestling Observer award for Best Television Announcer, and was inducted into the Impact Hall of Fame (alongside longtime broadcast partner Don West) in 2023.

Don West (wrestling)
Donald West (June 20, 1963 – December 30, 2022) was an American pitchman, television personality, and professional wrestling broadcaster.

West first came to prominence as a host for the Shop at Home Network in the early 1990s, achieving a degree of fame for his loud, energetic, abrasive sales pitches on late night television and for his blunt tone and persuasive style. After briefly hosting a  talk show, The Sports Reporters, on WNSR, West joined the professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) as a color commentator in 2002; he would work with the promotion in various capacities over the 2000s and 2010s. In 2023, West was posthumously inducted into the TNA/Impact Hall of Fame.
Bebek, Beşiktaş
Bebek (lit. baby) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey. Its population is 5,464 (2022). It is  on Bebek Bay on the European shore of the Bosphorus strait.

Some believe its use as a name comes from a shortened form of the term 'Boğaz'ın gözbebeği', which means 'pupil of the Bosphorus' or "the apple of the Bosphorus' eye" in Turkish. Others think it takes its name from the nickname for Mustafa Çelebi who was put in charge of this area after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. Others think it took its name from the Turkish expression meaning 'pretty as a baby'.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Edi Subaktiar
Edi Subaktiar (born 13 January 1994) is an Indonesian former badminton player specializing in doubles. He was the 2012 World Junior mixed doubles champion partnered with Melati Daeva Oktaviani. In the international competition, he was paired with Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja in mixed doubles and with Ronald Alexander in men's doubles. Since 2008, he joined PB. Djarum, a badminton club in Kudus, Central Java where his pair in mixed doubles Widjaja also joined. He retired in 2019 after a long injury which had prevented him to play again since it occurred at the 2017 SEA Games.

Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja
Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja (born 28 December 1993) is an Indonesian badminton player affiliated with PB Djarum since 2007. She was the 2011 Indonesia National and World Junior Champions in the mixed doubles event. For her achievements, Widjaja was awarded as the best Djarum player of the year. She won her first senior international title in 2014 Macau Open Grand Prix Gold.
Marvin Mangus
Marvin Dale Mangus (1924–2009) was an American geologist and landscape painter. He was giving the honor of driving a purely symbolic wood stake prior to start of drilling the actual oil well by the Atlantic Richfield Corporation, his employer. The focus of his later art career was glorified role of geologist and other exploration of Alaska. He painted animals and birds and was recognized with awards from The National Park Service

ARCO
ARCO (/ˈɑːrkoʊ/ AR-koh) is a brand of gasoline stations owned by Marathon Petroleum. BP, which formerly owned the brand, uses it in California, Oregon and Washington, while Marathon has rights for the rest of the United States and Mexico.

ARCO was established in 1966 as the Atlantic Richfield Company, an independent oil and gas company formed from the merger of Atlantic Petroleum and the Richfield Oil Corporation.
Hednesford Park
Hednesford Park is a park located in Hednesford, Staffordshire, England. The park covers an area of 24 acres (9.7 hectares), consisting of a recreational field area, running track, skatepark, play area, cafe, and tennis courts. The park is adjacent to Hednesford town centre and the Hednesford Hills nature reserve.

Hednesford
Hednesford (/ˈhɛnsfərd/ HENSS-fərd (listenⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the Cannock Chase district of Staffordshire, England. The Cannock Chase area of natural beauty is to the north of the town. Hednesford is also 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of Cannock and 5 miles (8.0 km) to the south of Rugeley. The population at the 2011 census was 17,343.