hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damxung County
Damxung is a county of Lhasa City, lying to the north of its main center of Chengguan, in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Its administrative seat is Damquka. The terrain is rugged, including the western Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains, with their highest peak rising to 7,111 metres (23,330 ft). 
As of 2013 the population was 40,000, with most of the people engaged in animal husbandry.

Dangquka
Dangquka, or Damquka (simplified Chinese: 当曲卡; traditional Chinese: 當曲卡; pinyin: Dāngqǔkǎ; Standard Tibetan: འདམ་ཆུ་ཁ།) is a small modern Tibetan town of low-barrack like buildings and is the administrative centre of Damxung County, roughly two and a half hours by road northeast of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. The main road in and out of the town is China National Highway 109. As of 2011, it has 2 residential communities (社区) under its administration.
Acheilognathidae
The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinoid family Acheilognathidae. This family contains seven genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in Acheilognathus, and at least 75 described species to date. Over half of the species are in the genus Acheilognathus.

Acheilognathus
Acheilognathus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Acheilognathidae, the bitterlings. The fishes in this genus are found in Asia. The name is derived from the Greek a, meaning "without", the Greek cheilos, meaning "lip", and the Greek gnathos, meaning "jaw".
Imperial Chemical Industries Australia and New Zealand
Imperial Chemical Industries Australia and New Zealand Limited (ICIANZ) was the Australasian subsidiary of the British chemical conglomerate Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). Established in 1928, it grew into one of Australia's largest manufacturing companies, producing fertilisers, explosives, plastics, paints, and industrial chemicals.

ICIANZ absorbed several pre-existing Australian enterprises, including Cuming, Smith & Co. and Commonwealth Fertilisers and Chemicals, and consolidated them under ICI ownership. At its peak, it employed tens of thousands and supplied products essential to agriculture, mining, construction, and manufacturing across Australia and New Zealand.

In 1971 the company changed its name from Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand to ICI Australia. Following ICI plc’s divestment of its majority shareholding in 1997, ICI Australia adopted the name Orica on 2 February 1998.

Cuming, Smith & Co.
Cuming, Smith & Co. was an Australian chemical and fertiliser manufacturer established in 1872 in Yarraville, Melbourne. The firm began as a sulphuric acid producer and later became a significant manufacturer of superphosphate used in Australian agriculture. Its operations and interests extended across Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and other jurisdictions, with associated activities in New South Wales, Queensland and New Zealand.

Through mergers and joint ventures, the business formed part of Cuming Smith Mount Lyell (CSML) in Western Australia in 1927 and later became CSBP after British Petroleum acquired an equity stake in 1964. In 1979, Wesfarmers launched a takeover bid for CSBP valued at approximately A$60 million, at the time the largest corporate acquisition in Australia. By 1986, Wesfarmers had purchased BP's remaining stake and assumed full ownership. The successor operations now form part of Wesfarmers Chemicals, Energy & Fertilisers (WesCEF).
Thirunelli Temple
Thirunelli Temple (also spelled Tirunelli) is an ancient temple dedicated to Maha Vishnu on the side of Brahmagiri hill in Kerala, India, near the border with Karnataka state. The temple is classified one among the 108 Abhimana Kshethram of Vaishnavate tradition. The temple is at an altitude of about 900m in north Wayanad in a valley surrounded by mountains and forests. It is 32 km away from Manathavady.

The temple lies at an altitude of 3000 feet

Brahmagiri (Karnataka)
Brahmagiri is a mountain range in the Western Ghats of south India. It is situated on the border between Kodagu district in Karnataka state in the north and Wayanad district of Kerala state on the south. Brahmagiri Hill, at 1608 m height, near Tirunelli is a scenic tourist attraction. The top of Brahmagiri Hill is well forested and has much wildlife. Talakaveri is located on the northern section of the range, near Bhagamandala in Kodagu district (Coorg), in the South Indian state of Karnataka.
Nathan Oostendorp
Nathan Oostendorp is an American technologist, author, and entrepreneur. He is from Holland, Michigan, and is a co-founder of the technology news website and community Slashdot and founder of the online community Everything2.

Everything2
Everything2 (styled Everything2 or E2 for short) is a collaborative online community consisting of a database of interlinked user-submitted written material. E2 is moderated for quality, but has no formal policy on subject matter. Writing on E2 covers a wide range of topics and genres, including encyclopedic articles, diary entries (known as "daylogs"), poetry, humor, and fiction.
Brice Oligui Nguema
Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema (French pronunciation: [bʁis klɔ.tɛʁ ɔ.li.gi ŋgɛ.ma]; born 3 March 1975) is a Gabonese politician and military officer who is currently serving as the fourth president of Gabon since May 2025, having previously served in this role in a transitional capacity from 2023 and was also the chairman of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions from 2023 until his accession to the presidency. He has also been the commander-in-chief of the Gabonese Republican Guard since 2020.

Oligui is a member of the Bongo family and played a key part in overthrowing his cousin Ali Bongo during the 2023 coup. He ran for president in the 2025 presidential election and was elected with more than 90% of the vote.

President of Gabon
The president of Gabon (French: Président du Gabon) is the head of state and government of Gabon. A total of four people have served as president (not counting the collective head of state, one disputed president, three acting presidents and one transitional president) since the post was formed in 1960. Since 2025 the prime minister office has been abolished, and now the president is the leader of the executive government and the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

The current president, Brice Oligui Nguema, took power in a coup on 30 August 2023 from Ali Bongo. He was eventually elected to the presidency in the 2025 presidential election.
Church of Saidet et Tallé
The Church of Saidet et Tallé, sometimes spelled Saydet El Talle and translated as  Our Lady of the Hill, is a Maronite church in Deir el Qamar in Lebanon. It is one of the most important historical and religious sites in Deir el Qamar and dates to the 16th century.

Monk Nicolas Smisaati built a church on the site over the ruins of an old Phoenician temple dedicated to the goddess Astarte. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 859 and reconstructed by the Order of the Templars during the Crusades.

The second church was destroyed and then rebuilt  during Fakhreddine 1st Maan's (1518-1544) reign. In 1673, Sheikh Abu Fares Karam of Ehden (Emir Ahmed Maan’s secretary) and his brother Sheikh Abu Nader enlarged the church and added a vault. During the reign of Bechir II Chehab (1789-1840) it was again enlarged and renovated.

Deir al-Qamar
Deir al-Qamar (Arabic: دَيْر الْقَمَر, romanized: Dayr al-qamar, lit. 'Monastery of the moon') is a city south-east of Beirut in south-central Lebanon. It is located five kilometres outside of Beit ed-Dine in the Chouf District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate at 800 m of average altitude.
Nigel Playfair
Sir Nigel Ross Playfair (1 July 1874 – 19 August 1934) was an English actor and director, known particularly as actor-manager of the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, in the 1920s.

After acting as an amateur while practising as a lawyer, he turned professional in 1902 when he was 28. After a time in F. R. Benson's company he made steady professional progress as an actor, but the major change in his career came in 1918, when he became managing director of the Lyric, a run-down theatre on the fringe of central London. He transformed the theatre's fortunes, with a mix of popular musical shows and classic comedies, some in radically innovative productions, which divided opinion at the time but which have subsequently been seen as introducing a modern style of staging.

Frank Benson (actor)
Sir Francis Robert Benson (4 November 1858 – 31 December 1939) was an English tennis player and an actor-manager. He founded his own company in 1883 and produced all but two of William Shakespeare's plays. His thirty-year association with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre and the annual Shakespeare Festival in Stratford-upon-Avon laid down foundations for the creation of the Royal Shakespeare Company after his death.

Benson's company toured widely, with few London seasons, and became a training ground for several generations of young performers, including Henry Ainley, Oscar Asche, Lilian Braithwaite, Isadora Duncan, Nigel Playfair, Nancy Price, Harcourt Williams and Moffat Johnston.

Benson was the older cousin of the Oscar-nominated and Tony-winning actor Basil Rathbone, to whom he bore a strong resemblance.
General Commission of German Trade Unions
The General Commission of German Trade Unions (German: Generalkommission der Gewerkschaften Deutschlands) was an umbrella body for German trade unions during the German Empire, from the end of the Anti-Socialist Laws in 1890 up to 1919. In 1919, a successor organisation was named the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, and then in 1949, the current Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund was formed.

General German Trade Union Federation
The General German Trade Union Federation (German: Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, ADGB) was a confederation of trade unions in Germany founded during the Weimar Republic. It was founded in 1919 and was initially powerful enough to organize a general strike in 1920 against a right-wing coup d'état. After the 1929 Wall Street crash, the ensuing Great Depression caused widespread unemployment. The ADGB suffered a dramatic loss of membership, both from unemployment and political squabbles. By the time the Nazis seized control of the government, the ADGB's leadership had distanced itself from the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and was openly cooperating with Nazis in an attempt to keep the organization alive. Nonetheless, on 2 May 1933 the SA and SS stormed the offices of the ADGB and its member trade unions, seized their assets and arrested their leaders, crushing the organization.
St. Thomas School, Leipzig
St. Thomas School, Leipzig (German: Thomasschule zu Leipzig; Latin: Schola Thomana Lipsiensis) is a co-educational and public boarding school in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. It was founded by the Augustinians in 1212 and is one of the oldest schools in the world.

St. Thomas is known for its art, language and music education. Johann Sebastian Bach held the position of Thomaskantor from 1723 until his death in 1750. His responsibilities included providing young musicians for church services in Leipzig.
The Humanistic Gymnasium has a very long list of distinguished former students, including Richard Wagner (1813–1883) and many members of the Bach family, including Johann Sebastian Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788).

From the 800-Year Anniversary Celebration in 2012 the Thomanerchor and St. Thomas School has been part of Forum Thomanum, an internationally oriented educational campus.

Thomaskantor
Thomaskantor (Cantor at St. Thomas) is the common name for the musical director of the Thomanerchor, now an internationally known boys' choir founded in Leipzig in 1212. The official historic title of the Thomaskantor in Latin, Cantor et Director Musices, describes the two functions of cantor and director. As the cantor, he prepared the choir for service in four Lutheran churches, Thomaskirche (St. Thomas), Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas), Neue Kirche (New Church) and Peterskirche (St. Peter). As director, he organized music for city functions such as town council elections and homages. Functions related to the university took place at the Paulinerkirche. 
Johann Sebastian Bach was the most famous Thomaskantor, from 1723 to 1750.
Maenofferen quarry
Maenofferen quarry (also known as Maen Offeren quarry) is a major slate quarry in the town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, north Wales and one of the major users of the Ffestiniog Railway. It continues to produce crushed slate on a limited scale under the ownership of the nearby Llechwedd quarry.

Llechwedd quarry
Llechwedd quarry (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬɛχˈwɛð]) is a major slate quarry in the town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, north Wales. At its peak in 1884 it produced 23,788 tons of finished slate per year and had 513 employees. It continues to produce slate on a limited scale and is the location of the Llechwedd Slate Caverns tourist attraction.
The Royal Diaries
The Royal Diaries is a series of 20 books published by Scholastic Press from 1999 to 2005. In each of the books, a fictional diary of a real female figure of royalty as a child throughout world history was written by the author. The Royal Diaries was a spin-off of Scholastic's popular Dear America series. While Dear America, My Name Is America, and My America were all cancelled in 2004, The Royal Diaries continued until 2005.

Unlike Dear America, which consisted of diaries of young girls living during pivotal periods in American history, The Royal Diaries  is a series that features women of royalty from all over the world.  The series is fictional, though it involves real historical figures.  Facts and images concerning the historical figure featured in the book are given at the end of each of the books.

Dear America
Dear America is a series of historical fiction novels for children published by Scholastic starting in 1996. By 1998, the series had 12 titles with 3.5 million copies in print. Each book is written in the form of a diary of a young woman's life during important events or time periods in American history, such as the establishment of Plymouth Colony, the Salem Witch Trials, slavery, the California gold rush, the Great Depression, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the sinking of the RMS Titanic, and most major wars. Originally all the books had a ribbon inserted as a bookmark, furthering the concept of the book as a diary, but this was later discontinued.

Nine books in the series were adapted as half-hour television episodes for HBO in 1999 and 2000, followed by three volumes of the spin-off series The Royal Diaries.
Wilhelm Ostwald
Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald (German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɔstˌvalt] ⓘ; 2 September [O.S. 21 August] 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and philosopher.  Ostwald is credited with being one of the founders of the field of physical chemistry, with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst and Svante Arrhenius.
He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his scientific contributions to the fields of catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities.

Following his 1906 retirement from academic life, Ostwald became much involved in philosophy, art, and politics. He made significant contributions to each of these fields. He has been described as a polymath.

Walther Nernst
Walther Hermann Nernst ForMemRS (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltɐ ˈnɛʁnst] ⓘ; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German  physical chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid-state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for developing the Nernst equation in 1887.

He studied physics and mathematics at the universities of Zürich, Berlin, Graz and Würzburg, where he received his doctorate 1887. In 1889, he finished his habilitation at University of Leipzig.
Airfix
Airfix is a British brand and former manufacturing company which produced injection-moulded plastic scale model kits. In the UK, the name 'Airfix' has become practically synonymous with plastic models of this type, "they became a sort of generic name for any plastic, injection-moulded model kit".

Airfix manufactured a wide range of plastic model products such as cars, aircraft, ships, commercial vehicles, military vehicles, railways, and figures. Founded in 1939, Airfix was owned by Humbrol from 1986 until the latter's financial collapse on 31 August 2006. Since 2007, both Humbrol and Airfix have been owned by Hornby.

Humbrol
Humbrol Limited is a British brand and manufacturer of paints, solvents, and other accessories for scale model kits and toys. In the past, Humbrol produced under its own brand and the Airfix, Sky Marks, Young Scientist, 1st Gear, High Speed and W. Britain brands.

In 2006, the company entered administration, but later the same year was acquired by Hornby plc, who has since re-launched the brand.
Indian Astronomical Observatory
The Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) is a high-altitude astronomy station located in Hanle, Ladakh, India. It is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Situated in the Western Himalayas at an elevation of 4,500 metres (14,800 ft) it is one of the world's highest located sites for optical, infrared, and gamma-ray telescopes. It is the tenth-highest optical telescope in the world.

Indian Institute of Astrophysics
The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), with its headquarters in Bengaluru, is an autonomous research institute wholly funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. IIA conducts research primarily in the areas of astronomy, astrophysics and related fields.

The institute has a network of laboratories and observatories in India, including Kodaikanal (the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory), Kavalur (the Vainu Bappu Observatory), Gauribidanur (the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory), Hanle (the Indian Astronomical Observatory) and Hosakote.

IIA contributed to Astrosat, India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory. The Astrosat project is a collaborative effort of many different research institutions from India. The institute led the development of Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT).
Ride, Rise, Roar
Ride, Rise, Roar is a documentary film chronicling the Songs of David Byrne and Brian Eno Tour conducted by David Byrne in 2008–2009. The film includes concert footage, footage of the planning and rehearsals for the tour, and exclusive interviews with Byrne, Eno, and the supporting musicians and dancers.

Songs of David Byrne and Brian Eno Tour
The Songs of David Byrne and Brian Eno Tour is a 2008–2009 promotional concert tour of music co-written by David Byrne and Brian Eno with performances by Byrne. In addition to being a retrospective of the duo's collaborations, the tour promoted the album Everything That Happens Will Happen Today. The musical performers were accompanied by dancers who were choreographed to several songs. Performances were held across the world and later documented on a tour EP and a concert film.
Major (manga)
Major (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese sports manga series written and illustrated by Takuya Mitsuda. It was serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday from August 1994 to July 2010, with its chapters collected in 78 tankōbon volumes. It was followed by a sequel titled Major 2nd, which started in Weekly Shōnen Sunday in March 2015.

It was adapted into a 154-episode anime television series by Studio Hibari and later by SynergySP, titled Major. It ran for six seasons on NHK E from November 2004 to September 2010. Two original video animations (OVAs) were released in December 2011 and January 2012.

In 1996, Major received the Shogakukan Manga Award for the shōnen category. By October 2024, the manga series had over 66.66 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series.

Major 2nd
Major 2nd (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese sports manga series written and illustrated by Takuya Mitsuda. It is a sequel to the original manga series Major. It has been serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday since March 2015. An anime television series adaptation aired on NHK Educational TV from April to September 2018. A second season aired from April to November 2020.
SportsChannel Philadelphia
SportsChannel Philadelphia was an American regional sports network owned as a joint venture between Rainbow Sports, a unit of the Rainbow Media subsidiary of Cablevision Systems Corporation, and NBC (which both owned 50%), and operated as an affiliate of SportsChannel. Operating as a sister network of the premium service PRISM and headquartered in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, the channel provided regional coverage of professional sports teams and college and high school sports events throughout the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

SportsChannel
SportsChannel is the collective name for a former group of regional sports networks in the United States that was owned by Cablevision, which from 1988 until the group's demise, operated it as a joint venture with NBC.

Operating from March 1, 1979, to January 27, 1998, it was the country's first regional sports network, and along with Prime Network, was an important ancestor to many of the regional sports outlets in the U.S., particularly Fox Sports Networks and Comcast SportsNet. At its peak, SportsChannel operated nine networks serving several of the nation's largest cities including New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and Philadelphia.
Aliso Viejo, California
Aliso Viejo (uh-LEE-so vee-AY-ho; Spanish for "old alder tree") is a city in the San Joaquin Hills of southern Orange County, California. It had a population of 52,176 as of the 2020 census, up from 47,823 as of the 2010 census. It became Orange County's 34th city on July 1, 2001, the only city in Orange County to be incorporated since 2000. It is bordered by the cities of Laguna Beach on the west and southwest, Laguna Hills on the east, Laguna Niguel on the southeast, and Laguna Woods on the north. It is similarly named to another nearby city, Mission Viejo.

Laguna Hills, California
Laguna Hills (/ləˈɡuːnə/ luh-GOO-nuh; laguna being Spanish for 'lagoon') is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. Its name refers to its proximity to Laguna Canyon and the much older Laguna Beach. Other newer cities nearby—Laguna Niguel and Laguna Woods—are similarly named. The population was 31,374 at the 2020 census.
Battle of Lahrawat
The Battle of Lahrawat was fought between two factions of the Delhi Sultanate in 1320. Malik Tughluq, the governor of Dipalpur, challenged the authority of Khusrau Khan, who had usurped the throne of Delhi. After defeating an army sent by Khusrau Khan at the Battle of Saraswati, Tughluq marched towards Delhi, and encamped at a plain called Lahrawat.

Khusrau Khan led an army against him, and inflicted severe losses on his camp. When Tughluq was left with around 500 soldiers, Khusrau Khan's soldiers turned their focus towards plundering the enemy baggage, believing they had won the battle. Taking advantage of this, Tughluq launched a direct attack on Khusrau Khan, forcing him to flee the battlefield. Subsequently, the rest of Khusrau Khan's army either fled or was defeated by Tughluq's force.

Battle of Saraswati
The Battle of Saraswati was fought between two factions of the Delhi Sultanate in 1320, on the Delhi-Dipalpur route, at a place called Saraswati (or Sasuti), whose modern location is uncertain.

Khusrau Khan, who had usurped the throne of Delhi, sent an army against a rebel faction led by Ghazi Malik Tughluq, the governor of Dipalpur. Tughluq's forces decisively defeated the imperial army, and Tughluq subsequently ascended the throne of Delhi under the regnal name Ghiyath al-Din.