hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tison v. Arizona
Tison v. Arizona, 481 U.S. 137 (1987), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court qualified the rule it set forth in Enmund v. Florida (1982).  Just as in Enmund, in Tison the Court applied the proportionality principle to conclude that the death penalty was an appropriate punishment for a felony murderer who was a major participant in the underlying felony and exhibited a reckless indifference to human life.

Felony murder rule
The rule of felony murder is a legal doctrine in some common law jurisdictions that broadens the crime of murder: when someone is killed (regardless of intent to kill) in the commission of a dangerous or enumerated crime (called a felony in some jurisdictions), the offender, and also the offender's accomplices or co-conspirators, may be found guilty of murder.

The concept of felony murder originates in the rule of transferred intent. In its original form, the malicious intent inherent in the commission of any crime, however trivial, was considered to apply to any consequences of that crime regardless of intent.
Chip Gaines
Chip Carter Gaines (born November 14, 1974) is an American actor, producer, television personality, contractor, and author who, along with his wife Joanna Gaines, stars on the show Fixer Upper, which began airing on HGTV in 2013. By the time they filmed the pilot for Fixer Upper, the pair had already renovated 100 houses as a part of their business.

The Gaineses also helm the media brand Magnolia, which encompasses the Magnolia E-commerce site, the Hearth & Hand with Magnolia collection of home décor items for Target, the lifestyle magazine Magnolia Journal, the Magnolia Network television channel on which Fixer Upper and its spinoff series now air, the Magnolia Realty real estate brokerage (originally established by the pair in 2003), and the Magnolia App.

Gaines is also the New York Times bestselling author of two self-help books and the co-author of the memoir The Magnolia Story with Joanna.

Magnolia Network
Magnolia Network is an American basic cable network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery in partnership with Chip and Joanna Gaines, the founders of lifestyle company Magnolia. It broadcasts personality-based lifestyle programs related to topics such as home construction, renovation, and cuisine.

The channel was first launched by the E. W. Scripps Company on September 30, 1999, as DIY Network: a spin-off of HGTV focusing on instructional programming related to "do it yourself" (DIY) activities such as home improvement. It later focused on reality series following personalities involved in home renovation and related businesses. In 2022, the channel relaunched as Magnolia Network, a joint venture with Chip and Joanna Gaines of the HGTV series Fixer Upper.

As of December 2023, Magnolia Network is available to 51 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2016 peak of 62 million households.
Bala Velayat Rural District (Kashmar County)
Bala Velayat Rural District (Persian: دهستان بالا ولايت) is in the Central District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Quzhd. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh-ye Bala.

Quzhd, Kashmar
Quzhd (Persian: قوژد) is a village in, and the capital of Bala Velayat Rural District of the Central District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh-ye Bala.
Adenanthos
Adenanthos is a genus of Australian native shrubs in the flowering plant family Proteaceae. Variable in habit and leaf shape, it is the only genus in the family where solitary flowers are the norm. It was discovered in 1791, and formally published by Jacques Labillardière in 1805. The type species is Adenanthos cuneatus, and 33 species are recognised. The genus is placed in subfamily Proteoideae, and is held to be most closely related to several South African genera.

Endemic to Australia, its centre of diversity is southwest Western Australia, where 31 species occur. The other two species occur in South Australia and western Victoria (Australia). They are mainly pollinated by birds.

Adenanthos macropodianus
Adenanthos macropodianus, commonly known as gland flower, or Kangaroo Island gland flower, is a species of shrub in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. First published as a variety of A. sericeus in 1870, it was promoted to species rank in 1978.
Royal Consort Gyeongmok Hyeon-Bi
Royal Consort Gyeongmok of the Gaeseong Wang clan (Korean: 경목현비 왕씨; Hanja: 敬穆賢妃 王氏; lit. 'Worthy Consort Gyeongmok of the Gaeseong Wang clan'; 1016–?) was a Goryeo queen consort as the first wife of King Deokjong and became the first Goryeo queen who didn't receive any posthumous name like Lady Yi.

Deokjong of Goryeo
Deokjong (9 June 1016 – 31 October 1034), personal name Wang Hŭm, was the 9th king of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The son of King Hyeonjong, he was confirmed as Crown Prince in 1022.  During his reign, the compilation of national histories that was started during King Hyeonjong's reign was completed, and under the advice of General Kang Kam-ch'an the construction of the second Cheolli Jangseong began.

After ascending the throne in 1031, Deokjong requested that the Liao dynasty return their Goryeo prisoners and pull back from the Yalu River. After this request was refused, he turned to fortifying the northern frontier.
Kaan Akalın
Kaan Akalın (born 3 June 1997) is a Turkish singer, songwriter and DJ who also plays drums, piano and the guitar. He first appeared in the 2014 season of the X Factor (Turkish TV series), the Turkish version of The X Factor, at the age of 16. Akalın released more than 6 singles including a debut single with a music video in NYC Arar Mı? (2016) and Tanıdık Hikayeler (2017); both mastered by multiple GRAMMY winning albums' engineer Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound. According to the artist's official website and accounts: "His lyrical compositions have evolved to be based on consciousness, aiming to disseminate the reality of living and loving in the moment."

Arar Mı
"Arar Mı?" is a debut single by Kaan Akalın produced in Istanbul; mastered, filmed and photographed in New York City. The single is released under the label DGL&DMC in 2016.
As stated by him in his latest interview Habertürk newspaper, has been influenced by Michael Jackson's singing and dancing in this project. The photographs for the single were all shot by Jerry Stolwijk in New York City. Arrangements were completed by Onur Betin. Mastering of the tracks were made in Sterling Sound Studios by Chris Gehgringer who also worked with Rihanna, Justin Bieber, Madonna and Jason Derulo.
Pereire brothers
Émile Pereire (3 December 1800, Bordeaux - 5 January 1875, Paris) and his brother Isaac Pereire (25 November 1806, Bordeaux – 12 July 1880, Gretz-Armainvilliers) were major figures in the development of France's finance and infrastructure during the Second French Empire. In the mid-nineteenth century the Pereire brothers challenged the dominance of the Rothschilds in continental European finance, known at the time as haute finance. Their attempt was temporarily successful, and even though it collapsed in the late 1860s, it contributed to a more developed and vibrant economic landscape. Like the Rothschilds, the Pereires were Jews, but unlike them, they were Sephardi of Portuguese origin.

Eugène Pereire
Eugène Péreire (1 October 1831 – 	21 March 1908) was a French financier and politician of Sephardic Jewish origin from Portugal. The son of Isaac Pereire of the prominent Pereire brothers, he founded Banque Transatlantique in 1881.

In 1857, Péreire married Juliette Fould of the Fould family. They had two daughters:

Alice Pereire (1858–1931), married to Salomon Halfon, President of Banque Transatlantique 1909–23

Marie Pereire (1860–1936), married to Jules Halphen, son of Eugène Halphen of the Halphen family

Péreire was a member of parliament for the Tarn department from 1863 to 1869.
The Whimper of Whipped Dogs
"The Whimper of Whipped Dogs" is a horror short story by Harlan Ellison. It was first published in the 1973 anthology Bad Moon Rising: An Anthology of Political Forebodings edited by Thomas M. Disch. It was also published in several other anthologies such as Deathbird Stories. It was inspired by the murder of Kitty Genovese.

Bad Moon Rising: An Anthology of Political Forebodings
Bad Moon Rising: An Anthology of Political Forebodings was a science fiction short story anthology edited by Thomas M. Disch, published in 1973. The title is taken from the 1969 song "Bad Moon Rising" by the band Creedence Clearwater Revival.
Chippenham (UK Parliament constituency)
Chippenham is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2024 by Sarah Gibson, a Liberal Democrat. The 2024 constituency includes the Wiltshire towns of Calne, Chippenham, Corsham and Royal Wootton Bassett.

In May 2023, the incumbent Chippenham MP, Michelle Donelan, announced she would be standing for the new Melksham and Devizes constituency. In July 2023, the local Conservative Association announced that their candidate for the new Chippenham constituency would be a local unitary councillor, Nic Puntis.

Royal Wootton Bassett
Royal Wootton Bassett /ˈrɔɪəl ˈwʊtən ˈbæsɪt/, formerly Wootton Bassett, is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, with a population of 13,570 at the 2021 Census. In the north of the county, it lies 6 miles (10 km) to the west of the town of Swindon and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Calne.

The town was granted royal patronage in March 2011 by Elizabeth II in recognition of its role in the early-21st-century military funeral repatriations, which passed through the town. This honour was officially conferred in a ceremony on 16 October 2011 – the first royal patronage to be conferred upon a town (as distinguished from a borough or county) since 1909.
Japanese submarine I-25
I-25 (イ-25) was a B1 type (I-15-class) submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy that served in World War II, took part in the Attack on Pearl Harbor, and was the only Axis submarine to carry out aerial bombing on the continental United States in World War II, during the so-called Lookout Air Raids, and the shelling of Fort Stevens, both attacks occurring in the state of Oregon.

I-25, displaced 2584 long tons surfaced and 3654 long tons submerged and was 108 m (354 ft 4 in) long, with a range of 25,928 km (14,000 nmi; 16,111 mi), a maximum surface speed of 43.5 km/h (23.5 kn; 27.0 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 15 km/h (8 kn; 9 mph). She carried a two-seater Yokosuka E14Y reconnaissance floatplane, known to the Allies as "Glen". It was disassembled and stowed in a hangar in front of the conning tower.

Bombardment of Fort Stevens
The Bombardment of Fort Stevens occurred in June 1942, in the American Theater and the Pacific Theater of World War II. The Imperial Japanese submarine I-25 fired on Fort Stevens, which defended the Oregon side of the Columbia River's Pacific entrance.
Krista Tippett
Krista Tippett (née Weedman; born November 9, 1960) is an American journalist, author, and public intellectual. Since 2003, she has served as creator and host of the Peabody Award winning program On Being. In 2014, Tippett was awarded the National Humanities Medal by U.S. president Barack Obama.

Tippett is the author of The New York Times best selling books Becoming Wise: An Inquiry into the Mystery and Art of Living (2016), Einstein's God: Conversations About Science and the Human Spirit (2010), and Speaking of Faith: Why Religion Matters—and How to Talk About It (2008). In 2019 she was named the Mimi and Peter E. Haas Distinguished Visitor at Stanford University. In 2025 she was named a Chubb Fellow at Yale University.

National Humanities Medal
The National Humanities Medal is an American award that annually recognizes several individuals, groups, or institutions for work that has "deepened the nation's understanding of the humanities, broadened our citizens' engagement with the humanities, or helped preserve and expand Americans' access to important resources in the humanities."

The annual Charles Frankel Prize in the Humanities was established in 1988 and succeeded by the National Humanities Medal in 1997. The token is a bronze medal designed by a 1995 Frankel Prize winner, David Macaulay.

Medals are conferred annually, usually by the U.S. President, to as many as twelve living candidates and existing organizations nominated early in the calendar year. The president selects the winners in consultation with the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). NEH asks that nominators consult the list of previous winners and consider the National Medal of Arts to recognize contributions in "the creative or performing arts".
En händig man
En händig man (A handy man) is a Swedish language album released by Swedish pop-rock singer and composer Per Gessle. The title track "En händig man" was the first single, followed by the Promo / Digital-only single, "Jag skulle vilja tänka en underbar tanke", while the last single was "Pratar med min müsli".

Pratar med min müsli (hur det än verkar)
"Pratar med min müsli (hur det än verkar)" ("Talking to my muesli (however that goes)") is a pop song written by Swedish singer and composer Per Gessle. It is the third single released from the album En händig man. It was originally intended as a promo-only single to be out on the beginning of October 2007. It was delayed and finally released alongside "Shopping With Mother" as a double A-side single. It wasn't as successful as previous singles from the album, spending only 2 weeks in the Swedish Singles Chart, eventually peaking at #47.

"Shopping With Mother", is an instrumental track specially recorded to be the theme song for "Boston Tea Party", a weekly TV-show aired by Swedish Kanal 5. Per himself made a series of guest appearances there (from 24 September until 26 November), the song being premiered in the last episode.

A video was also filmed, directed by Jens Jansson.
Gerald M. Loeb
Gerald Martin Loeb (July 24, 1899 – April 13, 1974) was a founding partner of E.F. Hutton & Co., a renowned Wall Street trading and brokerage firm. He was the author of the books The Battle For Investment Survival and The Battle For Stock Market Profits. Loeb promoted a view of the market as too risky to hold stocks for the long term, in contrast to well-known value investors. He also created the Gerald Loeb Award, given annually for excellence in various categories of financial journalism.

EF Hutton
EF Hutton was an American stock brokerage firm founded in 1904 by Edward Francis Hutton and his brother, Franklyn Laws Hutton. Later, it was led by well-known Wall Street trader Gerald M. Loeb. Under their leadership, EF Hutton became the second largest brokerage firm in the United States.
Oxford
Oxford (/ˈɒksfərd/ ⓘ) is a cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, science, and information technologies.

Founded in the 8th century, it was granted city status in 1542. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Thames (locally known as the Isis) and Cherwell. It had a population of 166,034 in 2024. It is 56 miles (90 km) north-west of London, 64 miles (103 km) south-east of Birmingham and 61 miles (98 km) north-east of Bristol.

River Cherwell
The River Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ ⓘ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a tributary of the River Thames in central England. It rises near Hellidon, Northamptonshire and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to meet the Thames at Oxford in Oxfordshire.

The river gives its name to the Cherwell local government district and Cherwell, an Oxford student newspaper.
Todd Phillips
Todd Phillips (born Todd Philip Bunzl; December 19, 1970) is an American filmmaker. Phillips began his career in 1993 and directed films in the 2000s such as Road Trip, Old School, Starsky & Hutch, and School for Scoundrels. He came to wider prominence in the early 2010s for directing The Hangover film series. In 2019, he co-wrote and directed the psychological thriller film Joker, based on the DC Comics character of the same name, which premiered at the 76th Venice International Film Festival where it received the top prize, the Golden Lion. Joker went on to earn Phillips three Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay, with his co-writer Scott Silver, his second, third, and fourth Academy Award nominations after also being nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for Borat at the 79th Academy Awards.

The Hangover (film series)
The Hangover is a trilogy of American comedy films created by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore, and directed by Todd Phillips. All three films follow the misadventures of a quartet of friends (also known as "the Wolfpack") who go on their road trip to attend a bachelor party.

While all of the films find three of the four men on a mission to find their missing friend, the first two films focus on the events after the nights of debauchery before a party, respectively in Las Vegas and Bangkok, whereas the third and final film involves a road trip and a kidnapping in lieu of a bachelor party. Each film in the series focuses on how the friends deal with the aftermath of their antics, while they are being humiliated and occasionally physically beaten up at every turn.

All three films were released from 2009 to 2013, and have grossed a collective total of $1.4 billion in the United States and worldwide.
Benton County, Washington
Benton County is a county in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 206,873. The county seat is Prosser, and its most populous city is Kennewick. The Columbia River demarcates the county's north, south, and east boundaries.

Benton County was created from what were then larger versions of Klickitat County and Yakima County on March 8, 1905, and was named after Missouri statesman Thomas Hart Benton.

Klickitat County, Washington
Klickitat County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,735. The county seat and largest city is Goldendale. The county is named after the Klickitat tribe and contains part of the Yakama Indian Reservation.
Two-square cipher
The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large encryption/decryption matrix used in the four-square cipher while still being slightly stronger than the single-square Playfair cipher.

The technique encrypts pairs of letters (digraphs), and thus falls into a category of ciphers known as polygraphic substitution ciphers. This adds significant strength to the encryption when compared with monographic substitution ciphers, which operate on single characters. The use of digraphs makes the two-square technique less susceptible to frequency analysis attacks, as the analysis must be done on 676 possible digraphs rather than just 26 for monographic substitution. The frequency analysis of digraphs is possible, but considerably more difficult, and it generally requires a much larger ciphertext in order to be useful.

Playfair cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone, but bears the name of Lord Playfair for promoting its use.

The technique encrypts pairs of letters (bigrams or digrams), instead of single letters as in the simple substitution cipher and rather more complex Vigenère cipher systems then in use. The Playfair cipher is thus significantly harder to break since the frequency analysis used for simple substitution ciphers does not work with it.  The frequency analysis of bigrams is possible, but considerably more difficult. With 600 possible bigrams rather than the 26 possible monograms (single symbols, usually letters in this context), a considerably larger cipher text is required in order to be useful.
Eugene B. Fluckey
Eugene Bennett Fluckey (October 5, 1913 – June 28, 2007), nicknamed "Lucky Fluckey", was a United States Navy rear admiral who received the Medal of Honor and four Navy Crosses during his service as a submarine commander in World War II.

After 37 years on active duty in the U.S. Navy, Fluckey retired in 1972, publishing a memoir, Thunder Below! twenty years later in 1992. In his recollections, Fluckey credited his Medal of Honor to the actions of the entire crew of USS Barb, detailing his efforts to ensure their valor was properly recognized. Fluckey remained active in the veterans' community for the remainder of his life, and together with his wife Marjorie (and his second wife, Margaret) ran an orphanage in Portugal from 1974 to 1982.

Fluckey died in 2007 at age 93; he is buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo
The Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo (Latin: Archidioecesis Anconitana-Auximana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory and metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in the Marche region of Italy.

It has existed in its present form since 1986, when the Archdiocese of Ancona was united with the historical Diocese of Osimo. Since earliest times, the diocese has been directly subject to the Holy See without intermediate authorities.

The archbishop has his episcopal throne in the Cathedral of Ancona, while the Cathedral of Osimo has the status of  a co-cathedral.

In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the archbishop of Ancona was frequently a cardinal. One, Prospero Lambertini, became Pope Benedict XIV.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Osimo
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Osimo was an ancient diocese in Italy. It was founded in the seventh century and in 1725 merged with the Diocese of Cingoli to form the Diocese of Osimo e Cingoli. It was contained within the Papal States.
Mississippi Highway 13
Mississippi Highway 13 (MS 13) is a state highway in Mississippi. It runs from north to south for 160.1 miles (257.7 km), serving the counties of Forrest, Pearl River, Lamar, Marion, Jefferson Davis, Simpson, Rankin, Smith, Scott, and Leake.

Lamar County, Mississippi
Lamar County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,222. Its county seat is Purvis. Named for Confederate Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, the county was carved out of Marion County to the west in 1904.

Lamar County is part of the Hattiesburg metropolitan area. It is largely a rural county, except for its northeast quarter.