hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Route 97
Route 97 is a south–north highway in Essex County in northeastern Massachusetts, United States.  It connects the cities of Beverly and Haverhill before continuing into Salem, New Hampshire as New Hampshire Route 97.

Salem, New Hampshire
Salem is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 30,089 at the 2020 census and an estimated 30,647 in 2022. Salem is a suburb of Boston and Manchester located on Interstate 93. As the first town along I-93 northbound in New Hampshire, Salem has grown into a regional commercial hub for the northern section of Greater Boston, anchored by the Mall at Rockingham Park and Tuscan Village. Other major sites include Canobie Lake Park, a large amusement park; and America's Stonehenge, a stone structure of disputed origins. It is the former home of Rockingham Park, a horse racetrack. The Sununu political family hails from Salem, including former New Hampshire governor and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu, and his sons John E. Sununu, a former U.S. senator, and Chris Sununu, former New Hampshire governor.
Pincer movement
The pincer movement, or double envelopment, is a military maneuver in which forces simultaneously attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation. This classic maneuver has been important throughout the history of warfare.

The pincer movement typically occurs when opposing forces advance towards the center of an army that responds by moving its outside forces to the enemy's flanks to surround it. At the same time, a second layer of pincers may attack the more distant flanks to keep reinforcements from the target units.

Encirclement
Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces. The situation is highly dangerous for the encircled force. At the strategic level, it cannot receive supplies or reinforcements, and on the tactical level, the units in the force can be subject to an attack from several sides. Lastly, since the force cannot retreat, unless it is relieved or can break out, it must fight to the death or surrender.

A special kind of encirclement is the siege. In that case, the encircled forces are enveloped in a fortified position in which long-lasting supplies and strong defences are in place, allowing them to withstand attacks. Sieges have taken place in almost all eras of warfare.
Central New South Wales languages
The Central New South Wales languages (Central NSW) are a largely geographic grouping of Australian Aboriginal languages within the traditional Pama–Nyungan family, partially overlapping the Kuri subgroup of the Yuin–Kuric languages.

The languages most often included are:

Wiradhuric (Wiradhuri, Ngiyambaa, Gamilaraay)

Dyangadi (Dyangadi, Nganyaywana)

Worimi (Worimi, Awabakal)

Muruwarri

Barranbinja

Bowern and Atkinson use the term Central NSW to group the Wiradhuric languages with Muruwaric. Elsewhere it is known as Central Inland NSW.

Wiradhuric languages
The Wiradhuric languages or Central (Inland) New South Wales, are a family of Pama–Nyungan languages of Australia. There are three languages:

All are now moribund.

Wiradhuri and Ngiyambaa appear to be more closely related to each other than to Gamilaraay, as they show some common features that Gamilaraay lacks. The languages are close enough to be accepted as related in the conservative classification of Dixon (2002). Bowern (2011) lists the Yuwaaliyaay and Yuwaalaraay varieties of Gamilaraay as separate languages. Bigambal may have been another, if it was not one of the Banjalung languages. The Gujambal language has been listed as Wiradhuric, but is practically undocumented.
Rjukan Line
The Rjukan Line (Norwegian: Rjukanbanen), at first called the Vestfjorddal Line, was a 16-kilometre (10 mi) Norwegian railway line running through Vestfjorddalen between Mæl and Rjukan in Telemark county. The railway's main purpose was to transport chemicals from Norsk Hydro's plant at Rjukan to the port at Skien, in addition to passenger transport. At Mæl the wagons were shipped 30 kilometres (19 mi) on the Tinnsjø railway ferry to Tinnoset where they connected to the Tinnoset Line. The Rjukan Line and the ferries were operated by Norsk Transport, a subsidiary of Norsk Hydro.

Construction of the line started in 1907, and it opened two years later. It became the second Norwegian railway to be electrified in 1911. It experienced heavy growth, and had fifteen electric locomotives in use. During World War II it was the scene of the Norwegian heavy water sabotage. After the 1960s production declined, and the railway was closed in 1991. It was kept as a heritage railway.

Norsk Hydro
Norsk Hydro ASA (often referred to as just Hydro) is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo.  It is one of the largest aluminium companies worldwide.  It has operations in some 50 countries around the world and is active on all continents.  The Norwegian state owns 34.3% of the company through the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries.  A further 6.5% is owned by Folketrygdfond, which administers the Government Pension Fund of Norway.  Norsk Hydro employs approximately 35,000 people. Eivind Kallevik has been the CEO since May, 2024, following Hilde Merete Aasheim. Rune Bjerke has been the Chairman since 2024 and Magnus Aakvaag (the grandson of former CEO Torvild Aakvaag) serves as a strategic advisor.

Hydro had a significant presence in the oil and gas industry until October 2007, when these operations were merged with Statoil to form StatoilHydro (in 2009 changed back to Statoil, which is now called Equinor).
East Flemish
East Flemish (Dutch: Oost-Vlaams, French: flamand oriental) is a collective term for the two easternmost subdivisions ("true" East Flemish, also called Core Flemish, and Waaslandic) of the so-called Flemish dialects, native to the southwest of the Dutch language area, which also include West Flemish. Their position between West Flemish and Brabantian has caused East Flemish dialects to be grouped with the latter as well. They are spoken mainly in the province of East Flanders and a narrow strip in the southeast of West Flanders in Belgium and eastern Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands. Even though the dialects of the Dender area are often discussed together with the East Flemish dialects because of their location, the latter are actually South Brabantian.

Zeelandic Flanders
Zeelandic Flanders (Dutch: Zeeuws-Vlaanderen [ˌzeːusˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; Zeeuws: Zeêuws-Vlaonderen; West Flemish: Zêeuws-Vloandern)  is the southernmost region of the province of Zeeland in the south-western Netherlands. It lies south of the Western Scheldt that separates the region from the remainder of Zeeland and the mainland Netherlands to the north. Zeelandic Flanders is bordered to the south and to the east by Belgium.
Dypvåg (village)
Dypvåg is a village in Tvedestrand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the Skagerrak coast and the Norwegian County Road 411, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the town of Tvedestrand and the village of Kråkvåg lies immediately west of Dypvåg. The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Dypvåg which existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1960. The historic Dypvåg Church is located in the village.

Dypvåg Church
Dypvåg Church (Norwegian: Dypvåg kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Tvedestrand Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Dypvåg. It is the church for the Dypvåg parish which is part of the Aust-Nedenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, stone church was originally built in a long church design around the year 1200 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect (later it was converted into a cruciform design). The church seats about 500 people.
Steam shovel
A steam shovel is a large steam-powered excavating machine designed for lifting and moving material such as rock and soil. It is the earliest type of power shovel or excavator. Steam shovels played a major role in public works in the 19th and early 20th century, being key to the construction of railroads and the Panama Canal. The development of simpler, cheaper diesel, gasoline and electric shovels caused steam shovels to fall out of favor in the 1930s.

Excavator
Excavators are heavy construction equipment primarily consisting of a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket, and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house".

The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels, being an evolution of the steam shovel (which itself evolved into the power shovel when steam was replaced by diesel and electric power). All excavation-related movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, which replaced winches, chains, and steel ropes (utilized by dragline excavators).  Another principle change was the direction of the digging action, with modern excavators pulling their buckets toward them like a dragline rather than pushing them away to fill them the way the first powered shovels did.
CBV Index
The CBV-Index, or Corporates and Businesses of Vietnam Index, is a market index containing the stocks of 50 leading corporations of Vietnam. Subsets of this index include the CBV 10 (10 leading companies with highest total market capital and liquidity) and CBV 20 (top 20 such companies).

The CBV-Index, or CBV LargeCap, together with CBV MidCap and CBV SmallCap form the broader CBV Total. All stocks in these indices are traded on the two Vietnam stock markets, Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City Securities Trading Centers. It was created by BienViet Securities J.S.C., and first published on January 1, 2007.

CBV SmallCap
CBV SmallCap is a stock market index indicating the stock prices of 30 out of 73 small-size companies in Vietnam. The small-size companies are classified as those having total market capital from VND 50 billion to 150 billion with highest liquidity in this small-capitalization group.

CBV SmallCap, CBV MidCap, CBV Index form the broader CBV Total.
Gilbert Rist
Gilbert Rist (16 July 1938 – 15 February 2023) was a Swiss professor at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva and a thought leader of postdevelopment theory. He was best known for his study, The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith, which criticizes development and has been described as “to date, the most consequential and scholarly critique from the left of the development project”. Rist held a PhD from the Graduate Institute of International Studies.

Rist died on 15 February 2023, at the age of 84.

Postdevelopment theory
Postdevelopment theory (also post-development or anti-development or development criticism) is a critique of the concept and practice of modernization and development as promoted by Western political powers in the Third World. Postdevelopment thought arose in the 1990s as a set of criticisms against development projects led by Western nations and legitimized under development theory.

For postdevelopment theorists, "development" is an ideological concept that works to preserve the hegemony of the Global North while increasing the dependency of the Global South. Thus, postdevelopment theory argues for "alternatives to development" or "bottom-up" approaches to development, as determined by the peoples in the Third World.
Steamboat
A steamboat is a boat that is propelled primarily by steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels. The term steamboat is used to refer to small steam-powered vessels working on lakes, rivers, and in short-sea shipping. The development of the steamboat led to the larger steamship, which is a seaworthy and often ocean-going ship.

Steamboats sometimes use the prefix designation SS, S.S. or S/S (for 'Screw Steamer') or PS (for 'Paddle Steamer'); however, these designations are most often used for steamships.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
2019 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game
The 2019 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game that determined a national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision for the 2018 season. It was played at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas, on January 5, 2019, with kickoff at 12:00 noon EST, and was the culminating game of the 2018 FCS Playoffs.

2018 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2018 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level.  The FCS Championship Game was played on January 5, 2019, in Frisco, Texas. North Dakota State claimed its second consecutive FCS title, and seventh in eight years, defeating Eastern Washington, 38-24.
Shimon Sakaguchi
Shimon Sakaguchi (坂口 志文, Sakaguchi Shimon; born 19 January 1951) is a Japanese immunologist, a Distinguished Professor of Osaka University, and a Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University.

His work includes the discovery of regulatory T cells and describing their role in the immune system. In 2025, he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell.

Fred Ramsdell
Frederick Jay Ramsdell (born December 4, 1960) is an American immunologist and Nobel Prize laureate. As of 2025, he is an advisor at Sonoma Biotherapeutics, a biotechnology company co-founded by him.

In 2025, he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Mary E. Brunkow and Shimon Sakaguchi for their work in peripheral tolerance.
Nathaniel Fick
Nathaniel Charles Fick (born June 23, 1977) is an investor and technology executive, a former American diplomat, an author, and a former United States Marine Corps officer. He is the Chief Strategy Officer for Equities at Cerberus Capital Management. He was the CEO of cybersecurity software company Endgame, Inc., then worked for Elastic NV after it acquired Endgame. He was an Operating Partner at Bessemer Venture Partners. In 2022, he was selected to lead the U.S. State Department's Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy. He left the position in 2025.

Fick is the author of One Bullet Away: The Making of a Marine Officer, a memoir of his military experience published in 2005 that was a New York Times bestseller, one of The Washington Post's "Best Books of the Year", and one of the Military Times' "Best Military Books of the Decade". Fick was portrayed by actor Stark Sands in the HBO miniseries Generation Kill.

One Bullet Away
One Bullet Away: The Making of a Marine Officer is an autobiography by Nathaniel Fick, published by Houghton-Mifflin in 2005. An account of Nathaniel Fick's time in the United States Marine Corps, it begins with his experiences at Officer Candidate's School in Quantico, Virginia and details his deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq during the war on terror.

In 2006, Recorded Books published an unabridged audiobook edition (ISBN 978-1-41937595-8), narrated by Andy Paris.
Éva Tardos
Éva Tardos (born 1 October 1957) is a Hungarian mathematician and the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Computer Science at Cornell University, known for her work in theoretical computer science. For her work, she has received the Fulkerson Prize (1988), the Dantzig Prize (2006), and the IEEE John von Neumann Medal (2019).

Tardos's research interest is algorithms and algorithmic game theory. Her work focuses on the design and analysis of efficient methods for combinatorial optimization problems on graphs or networks. She has done some work on network flow algorithms like approximation algorithms for network flows, cut, and clustering problems. Her recent work focuses on algorithmic game theory and simple auctions.

Dantzig Prize
The Dantzig Prize is given every three years to one or more individuals for research which, by virtue of its originality, breadth, and depth, has a major impact on the field of mathematical programming. It is named in honor of George B. Dantzig and is awarded jointly by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) and the Mathematical Optimization Society (MOS). The prize fund was established in 1979, and the prize first awarded in 1982.
WUPG
WUPG (formerly WUPZ) (96.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Republic, Michigan. The station is currently owned by Armada Media Corporation, through licensee AMC Partners Escanaba, LLC (d.b.a. The Radio Results Network or "RRN"). The station first signed on in July 2008 with a Variety Hits format but is now a  Classic Country format station. 
In 2017, the station changed their brand to "The Maverick", using the same brand as sister stations WTIQ and WGMV.

WUPZ
WUPZ (94.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Chocolay Charter Township, Michigan serving the Marquette, Michigan market. The station is currently owned by Armada Media Corporation, through licensee AMC Partners Escanaba, LLC, (d.b.a. Radio Results Network) and signed on under this ownership in May 2009 with a Top 40 (CHR) format. WUPZ has a rhythmic lean to it. The station air staff includes Jason Lee, Cory Lane, Kirk Sanders and Jon Perrault.
Thomas M. Humphrey
Thomas MacGillivray Humphrey (March 8, 1935 - September 16, 2023) was an American economist. Until 2005 he was a research advisor and senior economist in the research department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and editor of the bank's flagship publication, the Economic Quarterly. His publications cover macroeconomics, monetary economics, and the history of economic thought. Mark Blaug called him the "undisputed master" of British classical monetary thought.

Richard Timberlake
Richard Henry Timberlake Jr. (June 24, 1922 – May 22, 2020) was an American economist who was Professor of Economics at the University of Georgia for much of his career. He became a leading advocate of free banking, the belief that money should be issued by private companies, not by a government monopoly. He wrote about the Legal Tender Cases of the U.S. Supreme Court in his book Constitutional Money: A Review of the Supreme Court's Monetary Decisions.
RESONANCE
rESONANCE is a compilation album by haloblack, self-released on July 15, 1992. The album comprises a collection of demos that were recorded in 1992 with the intention of being part of the band's debut Tension Filter.

Haloblack
haloblack are an American industrial rock group formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The original incarnation consisted solely of Bryan Barton (as Bryan Black) until Bill Morrisette and Damien Ray joined. Their style of industrial rock combined elements of electro, glitch, trip hop and metal music. They have been on tour with other industrial outfits including 16volt, Bile, Chemlab and Cop Shoot Cop and in addition supported Marilyn Manson. The band released three albums: Tension Filter and funkyhell for Fifth Colvmn Records and Throb for Armalyte Industries/The Sick City.
Little Sandy Desert
The Little Sandy Desert (LSD) is a desert region in the state of Western Australia, lying to the east of the Pilbara and north of the Gascoyne regions. It is part of the Western Desert cultural region, and was declared an interim Australian bioregion in the 1990s.

Western Desert cultural bloc
The Western Desert cultural bloc (also capitalised, abbreviated to WDCB, or just Western Desert) is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 mi2), used to describe a group of linguistically and culturally similar Aboriginal Australian nations.
Seton Hall University
Seton Hall University (SHU) is a private Catholic research university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States.

Seton Hall consists of 9 schools and colleges and has an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university is known for its men's basketball team, which has appeared in 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournaments after making it to the final of the 1989 tournament and losing 79–80 in overtime to the Michigan Wolverines. The resulting increase in national television exposure has led to increasing numbers of applications from prospective students.

Elizabeth Ann Seton
Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton SC (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821) was an American Catholic educator, known as a founder of the country's parochial school system. Born in New York and reared as an Episcopalian, she married and had five children with her husband William Seton. She converted to Catholicism in 1805 and established the first Catholic girls' school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland. There she also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.

On September 14, 1975, Seton was the first person born in what would become the United States to be canonized by the Catholic Church.
London Colney
London Colney (/ˈkoʊni/) is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. It is located to the north of London, close to Junction 22 of the M25 motorway.

It is around 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-east of St Albans city centre (and within said city's contiguous built-up area) and part of the City and District of St Albans. At the time of the 2011 census the population of London Colney ward was 9,507, increasing to 9,804 at the 2021 census. It is considered a satellite or dormitory village of St Albans, where some villagers travel to work and shop.

St Albans
St Albans (/sənt ˈɔːlbənz/) is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of London, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the city of Verulamium. It has a population of 82,146.
2C-B-3PIP-NBOMe
2C-B-3PIP-NBOMe is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine, 2C, 3-phenylpiperidine (3PIP), and NBOMe families. It is a cyclized phenethylamine and along with 2C-B-3PIP-POMe is an NBOMe derivative of 2C-B-3PIP. The drug shows very weak affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors (Ki = 2,150 nM and 5,880 nM, respectively), with its affinities being profoundly reduced relative to those of 2C-B. The chemical synthesis of 2C-B-3PIP-NBOMe has been described. 2C-B-3PIP-NBOMe was first described in the scientific literature by Martin Hansen in 2010.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.