hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Society for Promoting Religious Education
The National Society (Church of England and Church in Wales) for the Promotion of Education, often just referred to as the National Society, and since 2016 also as The Church of England Education Office (CEEO), is significant in the history of education in England and Wales. It promotes church schools and Christian education in line with the established church. Historically it was in strong competition with the nonconformist organization British and Foreign School Society. Both promoted the monitorial system, whereby a few paid teachers worked with senior students who in turn taught the junior students. The National Society was strongly supported by the Anglican clergy, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and the established church. The nonconformist Protestants were in strong opposition.

National school (England and Wales)
A National school was a school founded in 19th-century England and Wales by the National Society for Promoting Religious Education.
These schools provided elementary education, in accordance with the teaching of the Church of England, to the children of the poor.
Together with the less numerous British schools of the British and Foreign School Society, they provided the first near-universal system of elementary education in England and Wales.

The schools were eventually absorbed into the state system, either as fully state-run schools or as faith schools funded by the state.
Nina Strokata Karavanska
Nina Antonivna Karavanska (née Strokata; 31 January 1926 – 2 August 1998) was a Ukrainian dissident, Soviet microbiologist and immunologist. She was a member of the dissident movement in the USSR, a co-founder of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and one of the leading human rights activists in Odesa during the Soviet period. She is the author of about 23 scientific papers in the field of clinical microbiology and immunology. She spoke Russian, Ukrainian, English, German, Polish, and Romanian. She was the wife of Sviatoslav Karavanskyi.

Sviatoslav Karavanskyi
Sviatoslav Iosypovych Karavanskyi (Ukrainian: Святослав Йосипович Караванський; 24 December 1920 – 17 December 2016) was a Ukrainian linguist, lexicographer, writer, and Soviet dissident. A member of the Red Army and the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists during World War II, Karavanskyi served a total of 31 years in Soviet prisons, and was regarded as a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.
Weldon Brothers Construction Company
The Welden Brothers, also known as Welden Brothers Construction Company, was a firm based in Iowa Falls, Iowa that built bridges throughout the midwest.

The 255-foot-long (78 m) Iowa Falls Bridge, built by the firm in 1928, was then the longest arch span in the state of Iowa.

A number of the firm's works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Works include (with attribution):

Alden Bridge, Main St. over Iowa R. Alden, IA (Welden Brothers), NRHP-listed

Iowa Falls Bridge, US 65 over Iowa R. Iowa Falls, IA (Welden Brothers Construction Co.), NRHP-listed

River Street Bridge, River St. over Iowa R. Iowa Falls, IA (Welden Brothers), NRHP-listed

Washington Avenue Bridge, US 20 over Iowa R. Iowa Falls, IA (Welden Brothers), NRHP-listed

Iowa Falls Bridge
The Iowa Falls Bridge, also known as the Oak Street Bridge, was a historic structure located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States.  The span carried U.S. Route 65 over the Iowa River for 255 feet (78 m).  The through arch bridge was built by the Weldon Brothers Construction Co. of Iowa Falls in 1928 for $51,374.98.  At the time it was completed the bridge was the longest arch span in the state of Iowa.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.  The historic bridge was demolished and replaced in 2010.
William the Lion
William the Lion (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam an Leòmhann), sometimes styled William I (Uilleam MacEanraig; Medieval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric) and also known by the nickname Garbh, 'the Rough' (c. 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. His almost 49-year-long reign was the longest for a Scottish monarch before the Union of the Crowns in 1603.

Alexander II of Scotland
Alexander II (Medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Uilliam; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Uilleim; nicknamed "the Peaceful" by modern historians; 24 August 1198 – 8 July 1249) was King of Alba (Scotland) from 1214 until his death. He concluded the Treaty of York (1237) which defined the boundary between England and Scotland, largely unchanged today.
Krasiński Square
Krasiński Square (Polish: plac Krasińskich) is a square in the central district of Warsaw, Poland. The square itself is adjacent to Warsaw Old Town and features buildings of great historical and national significance.

The square is located between Długa Street and the outlet of Miodowa Street, and Świętojerska and Bonifraterska Streets. Its name commemorates the Krasiński family of the Ślepowron coat of arms, the owners of the Krasiński Palace.

Krasiński Palace
The Krasiński Palace (Polish: Pałac Krasińskich), also known as the Palace of the Commonwealth (Polish: Pałac Rzeczypospolitej), is a reconstructed Baroque palace in Warsaw, Poland, on Krasiński Square (Plac Krasińskich). Initially erected between 1677 and 1683 for the powerful Krasiński family, it was heavily damaged during World War II and rebuilt in the mid-20th century.
Aphelocoma
The passerine birds of the genus Aphelocoma include the scrub jays and their relatives. They are New World jays  found in Mexico, western Central America and the western United States, with an outlying population in Florida. This genus belongs to the group of New World (or "blue") jays—possibly a distinct subfamily–which is not closely related to other jays, magpies or treepies. Within this group, according to a 2023 molecular analysis, Aphelocoma is the sister group to a clade consisting of Cyanocitta and Gymnorhinus. They live in open pine-oak forests, chaparral, and mixed evergreen forests.

Pinyon jay
The pinyon jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) is a species of jay, and is the only member of the genus Gymnorhinus. Native to Western North America, the species ranges from central Oregon to northern Baja California, and eastward as far as western Oklahoma, though wanderers are often sighted beyond this range. It is typically found within foothills, especially where pinyon pines (Pinus edulis and Pinus monophylla) occur.
Boolean circuit
In computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, a Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits. A formal language can be decided by a family of Boolean circuits, one circuit for each possible input length.

Boolean circuits are defined in terms of the logic gates they contain. For example, a circuit might contain binary AND and OR gates and unary NOT gates, or be entirely described by binary NAND gates. Each gate corresponds to some Boolean function that takes a fixed number of bits as input and outputs a single bit.

Boolean circuits provide a model for many digital components used in computer engineering, including multiplexers, adders, and arithmetic logic units, but they exclude sequential logic. They are an abstraction that omits many aspects relevant to designing real digital logic circuits, such as metastability, fanout, glitches, power consumption, and propagation delay variability.

Inverter (logic gate)
In digital logic, an inverter or NOT gate is a logic gate which implements logical negation. It outputs a bit opposite of the bit that is put into it. The bits are typically implemented as two differing voltage levels.
Ohio Comic Con
The Wizard World Columbus Comic Con, formerly known as Mid-Ohio Con and then the Wizard World Ohio Comic Con, was a comic book convention held during the fall in Columbus, Ohio, United States, at the Greater Columbus Convention Center. Initially held in early November, from 1994–2007 the Mid-Ohio Con took place on the first weekend after Thanksgiving. Normally a two-day event (Saturday and Sunday), in 2012 it expanded to three days (Friday through Sunday).

The Mid-Ohio Con was founded in 1980. In 2010, the convention was acquired by Wizard Entertainment.

Wizard Entertainment
Wizard Entertainment Inc., formerly known as Wizard World, was a producer of multi-genre fan conventions across North America.

The company that became Wizard Entertainment began in 1991 as Wizard Press, the publisher of the monthly magazine Wizard. That company evolved into a multi-title publishing company with diversified interests in branded products and related convention operations. By 2011, the company had discontinued its print division to focus exclusively on its convention business. By 2015, the company had expanded to producing 25 annual conventions around the U.S. In 2021, Wizard sold its convention events business to FanExpo.
2025 United States federal hiring freeze
The 2025 United States federal hiring freeze is a policy instituted by a presidential memorandum signed by President Donald Trump on January 20, 2025, on the first day of his second administration immediately instituting a hiring freeze on federal employees. The same day as the presidential memorandum, the Office of Personnel Management and Office of Management and Budget issued a joint memorandum, titled "Federal Civilian Hiring Freeze Guidance," detailing to agencies ruled for implementation of the hiring freeze. The policy resembled a similar hiring freeze instituted in 2017, in the early days of the first Trump administration.

On April 17, 2025, Trump extended the hiring freeze for an additional 3 months until July 15, 2025. On July 8, 2025, Trump extended the federal hiring freeze for a second time, this time until October 15, 2025.

2017 United States federal hiring freeze
The 2017 United States federal hiring freeze was instituted by the Presidential Memorandum signed by President Donald Trump on January 23, 2017. Trump and Office of Management and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney ordered the hiring freeze lifted on April 12, 2017.
K-6 (missile)
K-6 is an intercontinental submarine-launched ballistic missile under development by the Defence Research and Development Organisation of India. The missile has a planned range of more than 8000 Kilometres.

Submarine-launched ballistic missile
A submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) is a ballistic missile capable of being launched from submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), each of which carries a nuclear warhead and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets. Submarine-launched ballistic missiles operate in a different way from submarine-launched cruise missiles.

Modern submarine-launched ballistic missiles are closely related to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), with ranges of over 5,500 kilometres (3,000 nmi), and in many cases SLBMs and ICBMs may be part of the same family of weapons.
Armor (Marvel Comics character)
Armor (Hisako Ichiki (市来 久子, Ichiki Hisako)) is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Armor is a Japanese mutant with the power to generate a psionic exoskeleton, granting her various offensive abilities.

Armor was introduced as a student of the Xavier Institute in Astonishing X-Men (vol. 3) #4 (October, 2004), and was created by Joss Whedon and John Cassaday. Armor maintained her abilities after the events of Decimation and went on to join the X-Men. She would later join other superhero groups such as S.W.O.R.D. and the New Mutants.

Armor appeared in Marvel Anime: X-Men, voiced by Yukari Tamura.

S.W.O.R.D.
S.W.O.R.D. (Sentient World Observation and Response Department) is a fictional counterterrorism and intelligence agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Its purpose is to deal with extraterrestrial threats to world security and is the space-based counterpart of S.H.I.E.L.D.

The organization appears in several forms of media, such as The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes and the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) / Disney+ miniseries WandaVision.
Bombay State
Bombay State was a large Indian state created in 1950 from the erstwhile Bombay Province, with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. Bombay Province (in British India roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra, excluding Marathwada and Vidarbha) was merged with the princely states of Baroda, Western India and Gujarat (the present-day Indian state of Gujarat) and the Deccan States (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka).

On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was reorganised under the States Reorganisation Act on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the Saurashtra and Kutch States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of Gujarat, with the Gujarati speaking population and Maharashtra, with Marathi speaking population.

Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency
The Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency was an agency of the Indian Empire, managing the relations of the Provincial Government of the Bombay Presidency with a collection of princely states.

The political agent in charge of the agency resided at Baroda (Vadodara).
Rumbold baronets
The Rumbold Baronetcy, of Wood Hall in Watton in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 27 March 1779 for the politician and colonial administrator Thomas Rumbold. The second Baronet was Minister at Hamburg. The fifth Baronet was President of Nevis and of the Virgin Islands. The eighth Baronet was Ambassador to Austria from 1896 to 1900. The ninth Baronet was also a distinguished diplomat and served as Ambassador to Germany from 1928 to 1933. The tenth Baronet was Ambassador to Thailand and Austria.

Thomas Rumbold
Sir Thomas Rumbold, 1st Baronet (15 January 1736 – 11 November 1791) was a British administrator in India and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1770 and 1790. He served as Governor of Madras from 1777 to 1780. He became infamous for his corruption and, for in effect stealing, the ring of the Nawab of Arcot. He brought home from India 1.5 million pagodas (a pagoda was worth eight shillings) or about £600,000 (at that time) and was a classic example of a nabob. Attempts were made to investigate the misdemeanour by Henry Dundas but the case did not make much headway.
Ferroxyl indicator solution
Ferroxyl indicator, or rust indicator, is a solution containing potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), phenolphthalein. It turns blue in the presence of Fe2+ ions, and pink in the presence of hydroxide (OH−) ions. It can be used to detect metal oxidation, and is often used to detect rusting in various situations. Sodium chloride may also be included in the solution for higher rate of corrosion.

Potassium ferricyanide
Potassium ferricyanide is the chemical compound with the formula K3[Fe(CN)6]. This bright red salt contains the octahedrally coordinated [Fe(CN)6]3− ion. It is soluble in water and its solution shows some green-yellow fluorescence. It was discovered in 1822 by Leopold Gmelin.
Cuyahoga County Council
The Cuyahoga County Council is the legislative branch of the government of Cuyahoga County in Ohio. Cuyahoga, along with Summit, is one of only two of Ohio's 88 counties not governed by a three-member commission. The council and county executive position were created by means of a charter approved by the county's electorate on November 3, 2009, and became effective January 1, 2011.

The Council meets in the C. Ellen Connally Council Chambers at the Cuyahoga County Administrative Headquarters at 2079 E. 9th Street in Cleveland, Ohio. The chambers are named for C. Ellen Connally, a former Cleveland Municipal Court judge who was elected the county council's first president in 2011.

County Executive of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
The county executive of Cuyahoga County, the second largest county in Ohio, and the 29th largest county by population in the United States, is the elected chief executive of the Cuyahoga County government. Democrat Chris Ronayne is the current county executive. The county charter stipulates that the executive is responsible for the appointment and removal of county personnel, working with other local governments, introducing legislation to the county council, submitting budgets and capital improvements plans to the council, and many other duties.
Lalita Panyopas
Lalita Panyopas (Thai: ลลิตา ปัญโญภาส, RTGS: Lalita Panyophat, nickname Mew (Thai: หมิว; RTGS: Mio), born 5 October 1971) is a Thai film and television actress. She appeared in the films 6ixtynin9 and Ploy.

Ruang Talok 69
Ruang Talok 69 (Thai: เรื่องตลก 69, English: 6ixtynin9 or A Funny Story About 6 and 9), is a 1999 Thai black comedy crime film written and directed by Pen-Ek Ratanaruang. It is the second feature film by the Thai writer-director. It stars Lalita Panyopas, a popular star of Thai soap operas.
DeKalb County, Georgia
DeKalb County (/dəˈkæb/ də-KAB, /diːˈ-/ dee-) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 764,382, making it Georgia's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat is Decatur.

DeKalb County is a core county of the Atlanta metropolitan area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta (the other 90% lies in Fulton County). Stonecrest is the largest city that is entirely within the county. DeKalb is primarily a suburban county.

In recent years, some communities in North DeKalb have incorporated, following a trend in other suburban areas around Metro Atlanta. Stonecrest, Dunwoody and Brookhaven are now the largest cities that are entirely contained within the county.

Henry County, Georgia
Henry County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2020 census, the population of Henry County was 240,712, up from 203,922 in 2010. The county seat is McDonough. The county was named for Patrick Henry.

Henry County is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metropolitan statistical area. The Henry County Courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo! (EP)
¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo! is the second EP by At the Drive-In, released in 1995. The title takes its name from the Eloy Alfaro Popular Armed Forces, a clandestine left-wing group in Ecuador. The EP has been described as having a more darker tone than their inaugural release, Hell Paso, while also having more developed lyrical depth by lead singer Cedric Bixler-Zavala. Plastic Memories is omitted from the vinyl release of the EP, and was later re-recorded and released on the El Gran Orgo EP as Picket Fence Cartel.
The back-up vocals on Ludvico Drive-In were done by Laura Beard and Sarah Reiser, who were friends with Bixler-Zavala and were also fellow band members in the short lived group The Fall on Deaf Ears. The two girls died in a car wreck two years later. This is the last CD to feature Jarrett Wrenn and Kenny Hopper who went on to create Crime in Choir.

Cedric Bixler-Zavala
Cedric Bixler-Zavala (born November 4, 1974) is an American musician. He has been the lead singer and lyricist of the progressive rock band The Mars Volta since its inception in 2001. He was the lead singer and only constant member of the post-hardcore group At the Drive-In, the lead singer of the band Antemasque, and is a frequent collaborator with musician Omar Rodriguez-Lopez.
The Zookeeper's Wife
The Zookeeper's Wife is a non-fiction book written by the poet and naturalist Diane Ackerman. Drawing on the diary of Antonina Żabińska, unpublished in English (though published in Polish in 1968), it recounts the true story of how Antonina and her husband, Jan Żabiński, director of the Warsaw Zoo, saved the lives of 300 Jews who had been imprisoned in the Warsaw Ghetto following the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939. The book was first published in 2007 by W. W. Norton.

Antonina Żabińska
Antonina Maria Żabińska, née Erdman (18 July 1908 – 19 March 1971), was a Polish writer connected, through her husband Jan Żabiński, with the Warsaw Zoo. Together they smuggled out Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto. Her story was popularized through the 2007 book, The Zookeeper's Wife.
Delo Group
"Delo" Group of Companies is the most extensive transport and logistics holding in Russia. It operates maritime container and deep-water grain terminals in the Sea of Azov and Black Sea, Baltic and Far Eastern basins. Additionally, it has a network of railway container terminals and a fleet of containers and well cars. The leading company of the Group is LLC UK Delo.

The stevedoring business consists of DeloPorts and Global Ports. The transport and logistics branch includes the multimodal service integrator Ruscon and the railway container operator TransContainer. One of the most significant shipping companies in Russia. The strategic IT integrator of the Delo Group is the company DeloTech.

Ruscon
Ruscon is a Russian transportation and forwarding company, multimodal integrator within Delo Group. The company encompasses cargo transportation and logistics to various regions of Russia via key ports in Vladivostok, Novorossiysk, Nakhodka, St. Petersburg, and critical land border crossings. Notably, Ruscon has its own transport and terminal assets, with 6 terminals positioned across key Russian ports and regions. Has representative offices in Kazakhstan, China and the Netherlands.
Kaczmarz method
The Kaczmarz method or Kaczmarz's algorithm is an iterative algorithm for solving linear equation systems . It was first discovered by the Polish mathematician Stefan Kaczmarz, and was rediscovered in the field of image reconstruction from projections by Richard Gordon, Robert Bender, and Gabor Herman in 1970, where it is called the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). ART includes the positivity constraint, making it nonlinear.

The Kaczmarz method is applicable to any linear system of equations, but its computational advantage relative to other methods depends on the system being sparse. It has been demonstrated to be superior, in some biomedical imaging applications, to other methods such as the filtered backprojection method.

It has many applications ranging from computed tomography (CT) to signal processing. It can be obtained also by applying to the hyperplanes, described by the linear system, the method of successive projections onto convex sets (POCS).

Richard Gordon (theoretical biologist)
Richard "Dick" Gordon (born November 6, 1943) is an American theoretical biologist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, the eldest son of Jack Gordon, a salesman and American handball champion, and artist Diana Gordon. He is married to retired scientist Natalie K Björklund with whom he co-wrote his second book and several academic publications. He has three sons, Leland, Bryson and Chason Gordon and three stepchildren Justin, Alan and Lana Hunstad. Gordon was a professor at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba from 1978 to 2011. He is retired and currently volunteers as a consultant scientist for the Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory in Panacea, Florida where he wintered 2010-2019. He also held an adjunct position in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University 2012-2018. Gordon lives in Alonsa, Manitoba, Canada.