hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
BBC Darwin Season
The BBC Darwin Season is a series of television and radio programmes commissioned by the BBC in 2009 to celebrate the bicentenary of the great naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and the 150th anniversary of the publication of his revolutionary book, On the Origin of Species in November, 1859.  In partnership with the Open University, the BBC produced a special documentary, Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life, narrated by David Attenborough, and three major series. Other presenters involved are Andrew Marr, Melvyn Bragg and Jimmy Doherty. The overall commissioning editor for the season is Martin Davidson, the BBC's commissioning editor for specialist factual (in-house).  Contributing units of the BBC are BBC Science, the Natural History Unit, the Religion and Ethics department and the children's channel, CBBC.

Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life
Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life is a 2009 television documentary about Charles Darwin and his revolutionary theory of evolution through natural selection, produced by the BBC to mark the bicentenary of Darwin's birth. It is part of the BBC Darwin Season. The presenter, David Attenborough, outlines the development of the theory by Darwin through his observations of animals and plants in nature and in the domesticated state, visiting sites important in Darwin's own life, including Down House, Cambridge University and the Natural History Museum, and using archive footage from Attenborough's many nature documentaries for the BBC. He reviews the development of the theory since its beginnings, and its revolutionary impact on the way in which humans view themselves – not as having dominion over the animals as The Bible says, but as part of the natural world and subject to the same controlling forces that govern all life on Earth.
Lowell George
Lowell Thomas George (April 13, 1945 – June 29, 1979) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He was the primary guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter for the rock band Little Feat. Before forming Little Feat, he was a member of Frank Zappa's band the Mothers of Invention.

Little Feat
Little Feat is an American rock band from Los Angeles formed by lead vocalist and guitarist Lowell George, bassist Roy Estrada (both formerly of the Mothers of Invention), keyboardist Bill Payne, and drummer Richie Hayward in 1969. The band's classic line-up, in place by late 1972, consisted of George, Payne, Hayward, bassist Kenny Gradney, guitarist and vocalist Paul Barrere, and percussionist Sam Clayton. George disbanded the group because of creative differences shortly before his death in 1979. Surviving members re-formed Little Feat in 1987 and the band continues to perform.
International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory
FCT, the International Symposia on Fundamentals of Computation Theory is a biennial series of conferences in the field of theoretical computer science. It was established in 1977 for researchers interested in all aspects of theoretical computer science, particularly algorithms, computational complexity, and formal and logical methods. FCT was previously held at the following institutions.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
German Caucasus expedition
The German Caucasus expedition was a military expedition sent in late May 1918, by the German Empire to the formerly Russian Transcaucasia during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I. Its prime aim was to stabilize the pro-German Democratic Republic of Georgia and to secure oil supplies for Germany by preventing the Ottoman Empire from gaining access to the oil reserves near Baku on the Absheron Peninsula.

Islamic Army of the Caucasus
The Islamic Army of the Caucasus (Azerbaijani: Qafqaz İslam Ordusu; Turkish: Kafkas İslâm Ordusu) (also translated as Caucasian Army of Islam in some sources) was a military unit of the Ottoman Empire formed on July 10, 1918. The Ottoman Minister of War, Enver Pasha, ordered its establishment, and it played a major role during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I.
Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations
Title 40 is a part of the United States Code of Federal Regulations. Title 40 arranges mainly environmental regulations that were promulgated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), based on the provisions of United States laws (statutes of the U.S. Federal Code). Parts of the regulation may be updated annually on July 1.

New Source Performance Standards
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are pollution control standards issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  The term is used in the Clean Air Act Extension of 1970 (CAA) to refer to air pollution emission standards, and in the Clean Water Act (CWA) referring to standards for water pollution discharges of industrial wastewater to surface waters.
Timeline of free and open-source software
This article presents a timeline of events related to popular free/open-source software. For a narrative explaining the overall development, see the related history of free and open-source software.

The Achievements column documents achievements a project attained at some point in time (not necessarily when it was first released).

History of free and open-source software
The history of free and open-source software begins at the advent of computer software in the early half of the 20th century. In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees. At the time, source code—the human-readable form of software—was generally distributed with the software, providing the ability to fix bugs or add new functions. Universities were early adopters of computing technology. Many of the modifications developed by universities were openly shared, in keeping with the academic principles of sharing knowledge, and organizations sprung up to facilitate sharing.

As large-scale operating systems matured, fewer organizations allowed modifications to the operating software, and eventually such operating systems were closed to modification. However, utilities and other added-function applications are still shared and new organizations have been formed to promote the sharing of software.
WLLH
WLLH (1400 kHz, La Mega 95.1) is a commercial radio station in Lawrence, Massachusetts, United States, serving the Merrimack Valley region. The station is owned by Gois Broadcasting, LLC, and airs a Latin pop, reggaeton and tropical music format. The transmitter site is on Common Street, near the Lawrence Police Department Headquarters.

WLLH is also heard on FM translator W236CU at 95.1 MHz in Lowell, with its 170–watt transmitter located off Holmes Road.  The station uses its translator frequency in its moniker, "Mega 95.1 FM".

From 1937 until 2019, WLLH operated with an unusual configuration of synchronized dual transmitters, located in Lowell and Lawrence, which broadcast on a common frequency.

WAMG
WAMG (890 kHz, "La Mega 96.5") is a commercial AM radio station in the Boston market licensed to Dedham, Massachusetts. It is owned by Gois Broadcasting. It broadcasts in Spanish, and plays bachata, merengue, salsa and Latin pop. WLS in Chicago is the dominant (class A) station on 890 AM; WAMG must reduce power during the nighttime hours and uses a directional antenna to protect the nighttime skywave signal of WLS.

WAMG also operates translator W243DC (96.5 FM) in Boston.
2001 NFL referee lockout
The 2001 NFL referee lockout was a labor dispute between the National Football League (NFL) and the NFL Referees Association (NFLRA) that resulted in the use of replacement officials through Week 1 of the 2001 NFL season. The lockout began in August 2001 after both sides failed to reach consensus on a collective bargaining agreement, which had expired upon the conclusion of the 2000 NFL season. It was the first time in the history of the league that replacement officials were used for regular season games.  On September 19, 2001, an agreement was reached to end the lockout, which was precipitated by the September 11 attacks that had occurred the previous week and caused the postponement of all week 2 games.

NFL Referees Association
The NFL Referees Association (NFLRA), established in 1972 as the Professional Football Referees Association, is a labor union that serves as the collective bargaining agency for game officials with the National Football League (NFL).

The NFLRA has been involved in two work stoppages, lock outs taking place in 2001 and 2012. Its members are currently under contract with the league in a collective bargaining agreement signed in September 2019 and running through May 2026.
In Full Colour
In Full Colour is the second studio album by British electronic music act Dario G, released in June 2001 through Mercury Records. Two singles were released from the album, "Dream to Me" and "Say What's on Your Mind". Ingfrid Straumstøyl is the lead vocalist on all but one song, and appears on the album cover alongside Paul Spencer. The lead vocals on "Déjà Vu" are credited to "mikeom". "Never Too Late" was later released as an unofficial single in 2006, under the name Clear-Vu, a supergroup formed by Straumstøyl, hardcore producer Mike "Re-Con" Di Scala of Ultrabeat and CamelPhat, and The Farm guitarist Steve Grimes, who co-wrote the track.

Dreams (The Cranberries song)
"Dreams" is a song by Irish rock band the Cranberries. It was originally released in October 1992 by Island Records as the band's debut single and later appeared on the band's debut album, Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We? (1993). The song reached the top 50 of the US Billboard Hot 100 and the top 30 of the UK Singles Chart. A 1990 demo version was released in Ireland only in the summer of that year under their initial band name, the Cranberry Saw Us. At the end of the song, the backing vocals are sung by Mike Mahoney, ex-boyfriend of Cranberries lead singer Dolores O'Riordan. Three different music videos were made to promote the single, directed by John Maybury, Peter Scammell and Nico Soultanakis.

In 2017, the song was released as an acoustic, stripped-down version on the band's Something Else album.
Kyaukkyan Fault
The Kyaukkyan Fault Zone is a large complex strike-slip fault that extends for about 510 km from Shan state, Myanmar to Thailand. It was the source of the 1912 Shan state earthquake when it ruptured for a length of 160 km along the northernmost segment. The fault is not very well studied, unlike the Sagaing Fault. The fault runs through the Shan hills nearly parallel to the Sagaing Fault. It is highly segmented, characterized by a broad array of splaying segments and basins, dominated by releasing bends and associated extensional fault systems. The slip rate for this fault is about 1 mm/yr.

1912 Maymyo earthquake
The 1912 Maymyo earthquake or Burma earthquake struck Burma on the morning of May 23, with an epicentre near Taunggyi and Pyin Oo Lwin in Shan State. The earthquake was initially calculated at 8.0 on the surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms ) by seismologist Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter, and described by them as being one of the most remarkable seismic events in the early 1900s. Recent re-evaluation of the earthquake, however, have revised the magnitude to 7.6–7.9. It was preceded by two foreshocks on May 18 and 21 with respective intensities V and VII on the Rossi–Forel scale, while the mainshock was assigned IX. Shaking was felt throughout most of Burma, parts of Siam and Yunnan; an area covering approximately 375,000 square miles. It was one of the largest earthquakes in the country.
Ruy Finch
Ruy Herbert Finch (August 30, 1890 – March 25, 1957) was an American volcanologist who served as second director of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) from 1940 to 1951. Finch is known largely for his discovery of the 1790 Footprints, and for the formal addition of block lava to the lava classification types. In 1951, a group of scientists including Finch were named in the journal Science as "outstanding authorities in their respective fields".

Gordon A. Macdonald
Gordon Andrew Macdonald (Boston, 15 October 1911 – Lanikai, 20 June 1978) was a notable American volcanologist. Macdonald was a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, the American Geophysical Union, the Mineralogical Society of America, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Assiniboine Park
Assiniboine Park (formerly known as City Park) is a major urban park in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, located along the Assiniboine River. The park is named for the Assiniboine people.

The Winnipeg Public Parks Board was established in 1893 and acquired the initial land for the park in 1904. Although the grounds were in use earlier, the park officially opened in 1909. Assiniboine Park covers 450 hectares (1,100 acres), of which 160 hectares (400 acres) are designed in the English landscape style.

The park includes 280 hectares (700 acres) of Assiniboine Forest, the Assiniboine Park Zoo, conservatory and garden spaces, the historic Assiniboine Park Pavilion, formal and informal gardens, performance and recreational facilities, and a range of cultural and educational attractions.

Pavilion Gallery Museum
The Assiniboine Park Pavilion is a landmark building at Assiniboine Park in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is today one of Winnipeg's most familiar landmarks.

Among other things, the building houses the Pavilion Gallery Museum, a museum and art gallery that opened in 1998.
Samuel Rajzman
Samuel Rajzman (1902–1979) was a Polish Holocaust survivor. After the war he emigrated to France and then to Canada. He was one of the two Polish witnesses at the Nuremberg Trials. He was also a witness at the Treblinka trials and during the process of Fiodor Fedorenko.

Treblinka trials
The two Treblinka trials concerning the Treblinka extermination camp personnel began in 1964. Held at Düsseldorf in West Germany, they were the two judicial trials in a series of similar war crime trials held during the early 1960s, such as the Jerusalem Adolf Eichmann trial (1961) and the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials (1963–65), as a result of which the general public came to realize the extent of the crimes that some two decades earlier had been perpetrated in occupied Poland by German bureaucrats and their willing executioners. In the subsequent years, separate trials dealt with personnel of the Bełżec (1963–65), Sobibor (1966), and Majdanek (1975–81) extermination camps.
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee (1 March 1944 – 8 August 2024) was an Indian communist politician, statesman and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), who served as the 7th Chief Minister of West Bengal from 2000 to 2011. In a political career over five decades, he became one of the senior leaders of Communist Party of India (Marxist) during his regime.

Bhattacharjee described himself as a "communist compromising with capitalism" for promoting industrialization in West Bengal, but his efforts were undermined by controversies. He was known for his relatively open policies regarding business, in contrast with the previous financial policies of the CPI(M), which were  primarily anti-capitalist. However, he faced strong land acquisition protests and allegations about violence against the protesters. This led Bhattacharjee to lose the 2011 elections, resulting in the fall of Left Front's 34 years of rule in West Bengal.

Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
The Politburo, also known as the Political Bureau, is the highest executive authority of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). Its members are elected by the Central Committee, which is in turn elected at the Party Congress, typically convened every three years.
Matthew Wale
Matthew Cooper Wale (born 13 June 1968) is a Solomon Islands politician currently serving as the Leader of the Opposition. He is a member of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands, and has represented the Aoke/Langalanga constituency on since being elected in 2008.

2008 Aoke/Langalanga by-election
The Aoke-Langalanga by-election, 2008 was a by-election for the Aoke-Langalanga constituency in the National Parliament of Solomon Islands. It was held following the death of sitting MP (and former Prime Minister) Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, of the Liberal Party.

Ten candidates (nine men and one woman) stood for the by-election, which was held on March 28, 2008.

Matthew Cooper Wale, of the Democratic Party, obtained 1,608 votes, while Billy Manu, in second place, "polled a little over 1000 ballots". Voter turn-out was about 70%.
Prince Levan of Kartli
Levan (Georgian: ლევანი), also known by his Muslim name Shah-Qoli Khan (Persian: شاه قلی سلطان, romanized: Shāh Qolī Khān) (born c. 1653 – 30 May 1709) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) and the fourth son of the king of Kartli Shahnawaz (Vakhtang V).

Kaikhosro of Kartli
Kaikhosro (also spelled Kay Khusrau, Kai Khusraw; Georgian: ქაიხოსრო) (January 1, 1674 – September 27, 1711), of the House of Bagrationi, was a titular king (a Persian-appointed wali) of Kartli, eastern Georgia, from 1709 to 1711. He reigned in absentia since he served during the whole of this period as a Persian commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan.
Zoe Sugg
Zoë Elizabeth Sugg (born 28 March 1990), also known by her online name Zoella, is an English media personality, entrepreneur and author. She began her career as a YouTuber in 2009 and has since amassed over 10 million subscribers.

Her debut novel, Girl Online, was published in November 2014 and broke the record for highest first-week sales of a first-time novelist. She has since released two sequels and a non-fiction book, Cordially Invited, and later co-wrote the book duology The Magpie Society with Amy McCulloch.

Alfie Deyes
Alfred Sidney Deyes (born 17 September 1993) is an English YouTuber, vlogger and businessman. On 4 September 2014, he released his first book, The Pointless Book. Since 2014, he has released three books in the Pointless Book series and one autobiography.
Lairg
Lairg (Scottish Gaelic: An Luirg, meaning "the shank/shin") is a village and parish in Sutherland, Scotland. It has a population of 891 and is at the south-eastern end of Loch Shin.

Lairg is unusual in the northern Highlands in being a large settlement that is not on the coast. One of the reasons that Lairg is slightly bigger than other non-coastal Highland villages is its central location within the county of Sutherland. Having four roads which meet in the village, it used to be known as "The Crossroads of the North". In the 19th century, it was provided with a railway station (at NC582039), on what is now the Far North Line. This development means that the north-west of Sutherland is now easier to reach. (The Far North Line links Inverness in the south with Thurso and Wick in the north.)

Lairg railway station
Lairg railway station is a railway station just south of the village of Lairg in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, 66 miles 78 chains (107.8 km) from Inverness, between Invershin and Rogart. ScotRail, who manages the station, operates all services.
Duchess Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp (24 October 1712 – 30 May 1760) was a member of the German House of Holstein-Gottorp, a princess consort of Anhalt-Zerbst by marriage, and the regent of Anhalt-Zerbst from 1747 to 1752 on behalf of her minor son, Frederick Augustus. She is best known as the mother of Catherine the Great.

Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (8 August 1734 in Alt Stettin – 3 March 1793 in Luxembourg), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the last ruler of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst before the family line went extinct.
Yehuda Avner
Yehuda Avner (Hebrew: יהודה אבנר; December 30, 1928 – March 24, 2015) was an Israeli prime ministerial advisor, diplomat, and author. He served as Speechwriter and Secretary to Israeli Prime Ministers Golda Meir and Levi Eshkol, and as Advisor to Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin, Menachem Begin, and Shimon Peres. Avner served in diplomatic positions at the Israeli Consulate in New York, and the Israeli Embassy to the US in Washington, D.C., and as Israel's Ambassador to Britain, Ireland and Australia. In 2010, he turned his insider stories about Israeli politics and diplomacy into a bestselling book, The Prime Ministers, which subsequently became the basis for a two-part documentary movie. In 2015, his novel, The Ambassador, which Avner co-authored with thriller writer Matt Rees, was posthumously published.

The Prime Ministers
The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership is a 2010 book written by Yehuda Avner and published by Toby Press. It documented events related to 4 Israeli prime ministers—Levi Eshkol, Golda Meir, Yitzhak Rabin and Menachem Begin. It was first published in Israel on 15 March 2010 and a wider publication was done on 1 September 2010. The book was well received by critics and was one of the finalists for the 2010 National Jewish Book Awards. In 2013, Moriah Films, the film division of the Simon Wiesenthal Center produced a two-part documentary based on the book that features Avner as the narrator, and Hollywood actors as the voices of Israel's prime ministers.
1274 Delportia
1274 Delportia, provisional designation 1932 WC, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 November 1932, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory in Belgium. It was named after the discoverer himself.

Eugène Joseph Delporte
Eugène Joseph Delporte (10 January 1882 – 19 October 1955) was a Belgian astronomer born in Genappe.

He discovered a total of sixty-six asteroids. Notable discoveries include 1221 Amor (which lent its name to the Amor asteroids) and the Apollo asteroid 2101 Adonis. He discovered or co-discovered some comets as well, including periodic comet 57P/du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte. He worked in the Observatoire Royal de Belgique (Belgian Royal Observatory), situated in the town of Uccle (after which the asteroid 1276 Ucclia is named). He started there in 1903 after receiving his doctorate that year from the Free University of Brussels.

In 1930 he published, on behalf of the IAU, a work delineating the modern boundaries between all of the 88 official constellations in the sky, along lines of constant right ascension and declination for the epoch B1875.0.

The Florian asteroid 1274 Delportia (discovered by himself) and the lunar impact crater Delporte were named after him.