hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transfer tax
A transfer tax is a tax on the passing of title to property from one person (or entity) to another.

In a narrow legal sense, a transfer tax is essentially a transaction fee imposed on the transfer of title to property from one entity to another. This kind of tax is typically imposed where there is a legal requirement for registration of the transfer, such as transfers of real estate, shares, or bond. Examples of such taxes include some forms of stamp duty, real estate transfer tax, and levies for the formal registration of a transfer. In some jurisdictions, transfers of certain forms of property require confirmation by a notary. While notarial fees may add to the cost of the transaction, they are not a transfer tax in the strict sense of the term.

Stamp duty
Stamp duty is a tax that is levied on single property purchases or documents (including, historically, the majority of legal documents such as cheques, receipts, military commissions, marriage licences and land transactions). Historically, a physical revenue stamp had to be attached to or impressed upon the document to show that stamp duty had been paid before the document was legally effective. More modern versions of the tax no longer require an actual stamp.

The duty is thought to have originated in Venice in 1604, being introduced (or re-invented) in Spain in the 1610s, the Spanish Netherlands in the 1620s, France in 1651, and England in 1694.

German economist Silvio Gesell proposed in 1891 that demurrage currency could be enabled by stamp duties, which would in turn stimulate economic growth. Gesell referred to this monetary policy as Freigeld.
Andreas Victor Michiels
Andreas Victor Michiels (30 May 1797 – 25 May 1849) was a Dutch military and administrative officer in the Dutch East Indies. He was Governor of West Coast Sumatra from 1837 until 1849. In 1849 he was appointed commander of the Royal Dutch East Indies Army. He led the  Dutch 3rd expedition in Bali, in which he perished in May 1849.

Sumatra's West Coast Residency
West Coast Sumatra (Dutch: Sumatra's Westkust Residentie, abbreviated SWK) refers to the administrative region in the Dutch East Indies that covered the west coast of Sumatra, including the Mentawai, Nias, Banyak and Batu Islands.
Libwww
Libwww is an early World Wide Web software library providing core functions for web browsers, implementing HTML, HTTP, and other technologies. Tim Berners-Lee, at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), released libwww (then also called the Common Library) in late 1992, comprising reusable code from the first browsers (WorldWideWeb and Line Mode Browser).

Libwww was relied upon by the then popular browser Mosaic. By 1997, interest in libwww declined, and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which took over from CERN, reduced its commitment to the project. Later, the purpose of libwww was redefined to be "a testbed for protocol experiments"; in that role it was maintained for the benefit of the W3C's web standards-promoting browser Amaya. Active development of libwww stopped in 2000.

CURL
cURL (pronounced like "curl", /kɜːrl/) is a free and open source CLI app for uploading and downloading individual files. It can download a URL from a web server over HTTP, and supports a variety of other network protocols, URI schemes, multiple versions of HTTP, and proxying. The project consists of a library (libcurl) and command-line tool (curl), which have been widely ported to different computing platforms. It was created by Daniel Stenberg, who is still the lead developer of the project.
Subscapular artery
The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises from the third part of the axillary artery at the lower border of the subscapularis muscle, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries, and with the descending branch of the dorsal scapular artery (a.k.a. deep branch of the transverse cervical artery if it arises from the cervical trunk), and ends in the neighboring muscles.

About 4 cm from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery.

From the thoracodorsal artery, it supplies latissimus dorsi, while the scapular circumflex artery participates in the scapular anastamosis. It terminates in an anastomosis with the dorsal scapular artery.

Circumflex scapular artery
The circumflex scapular artery (scapular circumflex artery, dorsalis scapulae artery) is a branch of the subscapular artery and part of the scapular anastomoses.

It curves around the axillary border of the scapula, traveling through the anatomical "triangular space" made up of the teres minor superiorly, the teres major inferiorly, and the long head of the triceps laterally.

It enters the infraspinatous fossa under cover of the teres minor, and anastomoses with the transverse scapular artery (suprascapular) and the descending branch of the transverse cervical (a.k.a. dorsal scapular artery).
Mississippi Highway 6
Mississippi Highway 6 (MS 6) runs east–west from MS 161 in Lyon, east to MS 25 near Amory. It travels approximately 139 miles (224 km), serving Coahoma, Quitman, Panola, Lafayette, Pontotoc, Lee, and Monroe Counties. West of Tupelo, it is concurrent with US 278. Points of interest along the route include the University of Mississippi, Trace State Park, Natchez Trace Parkway, the Elvis Presley Birthplace, and Tombigbee State Park.

Coahoma County, Mississippi
Coahoma County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,390. Its county seat is Clarksdale. The Clarksdale, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Coahoma County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi. In 2023, the Clarksdale, Mississippi Micropolitan area was added to form the new Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area. The Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area has a population of roughly 1.4 million.
John Carey (Australian politician)
John Newton Carey (born 11 July 1974) is an Australian politician and member of the Australian Labor Party. He has represented the seat of Perth in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly since 11 March 2017. Carey was elevated to Cabinet in March 2021 following Premier Mark McGowan’s historic re-election victory, taking on the portfolios of Housing and Local Government.

After Labor’s third successive landslide win in the 2025 state election, Premier Roger Cook appointed Carey as Minister for Planning and Lands, Housing and Works, and Health Infrastructure. He previously served as Mayor of the City of Vincent from 19 October 2013 to 30 January 2017.

Minister for Lands (Western Australia)
Minister for Planning and Lands is a position in the government of Western Australia, currently held by John Carey of the Labor Party. The position was first created in 1870, under the name Commissioner of Crown Lands, at a time when Western Australia was still a British colony and had not yet achieved responsible government. Except for a brief period between 2001 and 2003, it has existed in every government since then. The minister is currently responsible for the state government's Land Use Management division comprising part of the Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage, which is responsible for the management of crown land in Western Australia.
Kapi (mammal)
Kapi is an extinct primate genus that lived in northern India about 13.8 to 12.5 million years ago during the Miocene. The only species, K. ramnagarensis, was described in 2020 and is known from a complete lower molar. The fossil was discovered in 2015 from Ramnagar, a town in Jammu and Kashmir, for which the species name was created. Though originally identified as member of the gibbons and popularised in the news as the oldest gibbon, it was later reassessed as a pliopithecoid, a group of extinct Old World monkeys.

Pliopithecoidea
Pliopithecoidea is an extinct superfamily of catarrhine primates that inhabited Asia and Europe during the Miocene. Although they were once a widespread and diverse group of primates, the pliopithecoids have no living descendants.
Of Monsters and Men
Of Monsters and Men is an English-language Icelandic indie folk/rock band formed in Garðabær in 2010. It consists of lead singer and guitarist Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir, singer and guitarist Ragnar "Raggi" Þórhallsson, lead guitarist Brynjar Leifsson, drummer Arnar Rósenkranz Hilmarsson, and bassist Kristján Páll Kristjánsson.

The band has released four studio albums: My Head Is an Animal (2011), Beneath the Skin (2015), Fever Dream (2019), and All Is Love and Pain in the Mouse Parade (2025). They achieved commercial success with their 2011 single "Little Talks", which reached the top 10 of the charts in several countries and no. 20 on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 2010, Of Monsters and Men won the Músíktilraunir, an annual Battle of the Bands in Iceland. They won the European Border Breakers Awards in 2013.

Ragnar Þórhallsson
Ragnar "Raggi" Þórhallsson (born 6 March 1987) is an Icelandic musician. He is the lead vocalist and guitarist, along with Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir, of the Icelandic indie folk band Of Monsters and Men.
Bernard of Kilwinning
Bernard (died c. 1331) was a Tironensian abbot, administrator and bishop active in late 13th- and early 14th-century Scotland, during the First War of Scottish Independence. He first appears in the records already established as Abbot of Kilwinning in 1296, disappearing for a decade before re-emerging as Chancellor of Scotland then Abbot of Arbroath.

A senior figure in the administration of Scotland during the 1310s and 1320s, he is widely said by modern writers to have drafted the Declaration of Arbroath, and although there is no direct evidence for this, he nevertheless probably played a role. By early 1328, his service to the king had earned him a bishopric – the bishopric of the Isles – a position he held for three or four years before his death in 1331.

Lord Chancellor of Scotland
The Lord Chancellor of Scotland, formally titled Lord High Chancellor, was an Officer of State in the Kingdom of Scotland. The Lord Chancellor was the principal Great Officer of State, the presiding officer of the Parliament of Scotland, the Keeper of the Great Seal, the presiding officer of the Privy Council (until 1626), and a judge of the College of Justice.

Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a bishop or a peer.

Following the Union, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England became the first Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, but the Earl of Seafield continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an Extraordinary Lord of Session in that capacity until his death in 1730.
Division of Paterson
The Division of Paterson is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is located just north of Newcastle, on the coast of the Tasman Sea. The division is named after federation-era poet and author Banjo Paterson and was originally created in 1949 and abolished in 1984. It was recreated after a redistribution in 1992.

The division is centred on the lower Hunter Valley and the outer suburbs of Greater Newcastle. It includes the city of Maitland and the towns of Kurri Kurri, Nelson Bay, Raymond Terrace and Salamander Bay. It covers most of the Port Stephens, and Maitland local government areas along with a small outer part of the City of Newcastle and parts of the northern end of the City of Cessnock.

Port Stephens Council
Port Stephens Council is a local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is just north of Newcastle and is adjacent to the Pacific Highway which runs through Raymond Terrace, the largest town and Council seat. The area is named after Port Stephens, which is the major geographical feature of the area. It extends generally from the Hunter River in the south, to near Clarence Town in the north, and from the Tasman Sea in the east, to just south of Paterson in the west
Chasseurs d'Afrique
The Chasseurs d'Afrique were a light cavalry corps of chasseurs in the French Armée d'Afrique (Army of Africa). First raised in 1831 from regular French cavalry posted to Algeria, they numbered five regiments by World War II. For most of their history they were recruited from either French volunteers or French settlers in North Africa doing their military service. As such they were the mounted equivalent of the French Zouave infantry. The other major cavalry element in the Armee d'Afrique were the Spahis—recruited from the indigenous peoples of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco with mostly French officers.

Chasseur
Chasseur (/ʃæˈsɜːr/ shass-UR, French: [ʃasœʁ] ⓘ), a French term for "hunter", is the designation given to certain regiments of French and Belgian light infantry (chasseurs à pied) or light cavalry (chasseurs à cheval) to denote troops trained for rapid action.
Saskatchewan Highway 14
Highway 14 is an east–west provincial highway that runs through the central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the Alberta border where it becomes Highway 13 to the intersection of Idylwyld Drive (Highway 11) and 22nd Street in Saskatoon. Previously, Highway 14 ran the width of the province but the section east of Saskatoon was renumbered '16' in 1976. Most of the highway is two-laned with only the 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi) long section in Saskatoon being four. The total length is approximately 253 kilometres (157 mi) long.

Though Highway 14 is one of the three major highways leading from Saskatoon to Alberta, it is less used than Highway 7 or Highway 16 as the other highways provide direct access to Calgary and Edmonton respectively.

Major communities that Highway 14 passes through include Macklin, Unity, Wilke, Biggar, Asquith, and Saskatoon.

Macklin, Saskatchewan
Macklin is a town in the Rural Municipality of Eye Hill No. 382, Saskatchewan, Canada. The population was 1,247 at the 2021 Canadian census. The town is located on Highway 14 and Highway 31 about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of the provincial border with Alberta, and is situated near one of the most productive oil and natural gas producing fields in the province.

Among its many attractions, it is the host of the annual Bunnock World Championship, during which the town population doubles in size.
Brown Line (Pittsburgh)
The Brown Line (formerly route 52) is an out-of-service branch of the Pittsburgh Light Rail system that ran from South Hills Junction over Mount Washington and across the Monongahela River to downtown Pittsburgh, terminating at Wood Street. It includes the steepest grade of any section of the Pittsburgh light rail system, of approximately 10 percent.

Red Line (Pittsburgh)
The Red Line (formerly the 42S South Hills Village via Beechview) is a line on the Pittsburgh Light Rail system that runs between South Hills Village and Downtown Pittsburgh via the Beechview neighborhood. The companion route, the Blue Line, branches off north of Martin Villa – which closed in 2012 – and runs through Overbrook. In March 2007, the closure of the Palm Garden Bridge for refurbishment suspended the Red Line for five months; it resumed service in September.
Lactifluus
Lactifluus is one of three genera of mushroom-forming fungi containing species commonly named "milk-caps", the others being Lactarius and Multifurca. It has been separated from Lactarius based on molecular phylogenetic evidence but is very similar to that genus. There are roughly 150 known Lactifluus species, which have a mainly tropical distribution but are also found in the north temperate zone and Australasia. Some of them are edible mushrooms.

Lactarius
Lactarius is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus Russula, their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus Lactifluus has been separated from Lactarius based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.
7th New York Infantry Regiment
The 7th New York Infantry Regiment, later reorganized at the 7th Veteran Infantry Regiment, was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was composed almost entirely of German immigrants and is also known as the Steuben Guard or the Steuben Regiment. It should not be confused with the 7th New York Militia, an entirely different regiment whose service overlapped with the 7th New York Volunteers.

7th New York Militia Regiment
The 7th Regiment of the New York Militia, aka the "Silk Stocking" regiment, was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Also known as the "Blue-Bloods" due to the disproportionate number of its members who were part of New York City's social elite, the 7th Militia was a pre-war New York Militia unit that was mustered into federal service for the Civil War.
Rashad Vaughn
Rashad DeAndre Vaughn (born August 16, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for Kesatria Bengawan Solo of the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL). He played college basketball for the UNLV Runnin' Rebels.

UNLV Runnin' Rebels basketball
The UNLV Runnin' Rebels are the men's basketball team that represent the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center on campus. As of 2023, UNLV has the seventh-highest winning percentage (.687) in Division I history. UNLV is 33–19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage. In July 2008, ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984–85 season.
Guayadeque ravine
The Guayadeque ravine, in Spanish Barranco de Guayadeque, is a ravine-type valley located on the Spanish municipalities of Ingenio and Agüimes, in the province of Las Palmas on Grand Canary island.

One of the largest ravines on the archipelago, it is notable for its archaeological remains and for its valuable endemic species of flora and fauna – the latter including one of the largest lizard species. It is also notable for the large quantity of cave houses, including a hermitage and various restaurants dug into the rock.

Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria (UK: /ˌɡræn kəˈnɛəriə, -ˈnɑːr-/, US: /ˌɡrɑːn kəˈnɑːriə, -ˈnɛər-/; Spanish: [ɡɾaŋ kaˈnaɾja] ⓘ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa. As of 2023 the island had a population of 862,893 that constitutes approximately 40% of the population of the archipelago. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital of the island, is the largest city of the Canary Islands and the ninth-largest city of Spain.

Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (600 sq mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the third largest island of the archipelago in both area and altitude. Gran Canaria is also the third most populated island in Spain.
SuperSPARC
The SuperSPARC is a microprocessor that implements the SPARC V8 instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Sun Microsystems. 33 and 40 MHz versions were introduced in 1992. The SuperSPARC contains 3.1 million transistors. It was fabricated by Texas Instruments (TI) at Miho, Japan in a 0.8 micrometre triple-metal BiCMOS process.

There are two derivatives of the SuperSPARC: the SuperSPARC+ and SuperSPARC-II. The SuperSPARC+ was developed to remedy some of the design flaws that limited the SuperSPARC's clock frequency and thus performance. The SuperSPARC-II, introduced in 1994, was a major revision with improvements that enabled the microprocessor to reach 85 MHz in desktop systems and 90 MHz in the more heavily cooled SPARCserver-1000E.

SuperSPARC CPU modules are used in both the SPARCstation 10 and SPARCstation 20.

The SuperSPARC-II was replaced in 1995 by the 64-bit UltraSPARC, an implementation of the 64-bit SPARC V9 ISA.

SPARCstation 10
The SPARCstation 10 (codenamed Campus-2) is a workstation computer made by Sun Microsystems. Announced on May 19, 1992, the SPARCstation sold for between US$18,495 at the low end to US$57,995 at the high end (equivalent to $41,442–129,949 in 2024). Housed in pizza-box case, the SPARCstation 10 was the first desktop computer capable of symmetric multiprocessing from the factory. Sun later replaced it with the SPARCstation 20.

The 40-MHz SPARCstation 10 without external cache was the reference for the SPEC CPU95 benchmark.
Christelle Cornil
Christelle Cornil (French pronunciation: [kʁistɛl kɔʁnil]; born 28 August 1977) is a Belgian actress. Her acting credits include Le Vélo de Ghislain Lambert, Soeur Sourire, Illegal, Mr. Average, Beauties at War, Julie & Julia, OSS 117: Lost in Rio, My Queen Karo, The Round Up, The Conquerors, Au nom de ma fille and The Unknown Girl. She received the Magritte Award for Best Supporting Actress for Illegal.

Kalinka (film)
Kalinka (French: Au nom de ma fille) (released on home video and VOD as In Her Name) is a 2016 French-German drama film directed by Vincent Garenq. The film is based on the true story of the Kalinka Bamberski case which took place in 1982. The film was released on 16 March 2016.
Václav Čtvrtek
Children's literature portal

Václav Cafourek (4 April 1911 – 6 November 1976), commonly known under his pen name of Václav Čtvrtek, was a Czech poet and author. His most famous works include Křemílek and Vochomůrka, Rumcajs and Víla Amálka. He primarily wrote fairy tales for children, and some of his works have been adapted on the Czech children's television program Večerníček. On 4 April 2011, Google celebrated his 100th birthday by replacing the original Google logo with a doodle celebrating his works for a day on Google Czech Republic.

Pohádky z mechu a kapradí
Pohádky z mechu a kapradí (English: The Tales of Moss and Fern), also commonly referred to as Křemílek a Vochomůrka, is a Czechoslovak animated children's television series produced from 1968 to 1979. The series focuses on the adventures of two forest gnomes named Křemílek and Vochomůrka, who are often dealing with certain problems. It was made by Krátký film Prague and their animation studio Bratři v triku.
Jules Ferry
Jules François Camille Ferry (French: [ʒyl fɛʁi]; 5 April 1832 – 17 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885. He was a promoter of laicism and colonial expansion. Under the Third Republic, Ferry made primary education free and compulsory through several new laws. However, he was forced to resign following the Sino-French War in 1885 due to his unpopularity and public opinion against the war.

Jules Ferry laws
The Jules Ferry laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine). The dual system of state and church schools that were largely staffed by religious officials was replaced by state schools and lay school teachers. The educational reforms enacted by Jules Ferry are often attributed to a broader anti-clerical campaign in France.