hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government Mohindra College
Established in 1875, Government Mohindra College Patiala, Punjab, India is the oldest institution of contemporary higher learning in Northern India.

Mohindra College was the first institution in Punjab to receive A++ grade from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council of the Government of India. It has been ranked as number one college in India by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council in 2016 with highest CGPA of 3.86 which is highest in college section in India. The college offers undergraduate and graduate level education in basic sciences, political science, languages, history, public administration, commerce, computer applications, law,  agriculture science, biotechnology, and clinical diagnostics.

Patiala
Patiala (Punjabi pronunciation: [pʌʈeɑ̈ːɭɑ]) is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak (the 'Blessed Castle') constructed by a chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.

In popular culture, the city remains famous for its traditional Patiala shahi turban (a type of headgear), paranda (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), Patiala salwar (a type of female trousers), jutti (a type of footwear) and Patiala peg (a measure of liquor). Patiala is also known as the Royal City and the Beautiful City.
Ilya M. Sobol'
Ilya Meyerovich Sobol' (Russian: Илья Меерович Соболь; 15 August 1926 – 9 December 2025) was a Russian mathematician, known for his work on Monte Carlo methods. His research spanned several applications, from nuclear studies to astrophysics, and has contributed significantly to the field of sensitivity analysis.

Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis is the study of how the uncertainty in the output of a mathematical model or system (numerical or otherwise) can be divided and allocated to different sources of uncertainty in its inputs. This involves estimating sensitivity indices that quantify the influence of an input or group of inputs on the output. A related practice is uncertainty analysis, which has a greater focus on uncertainty quantification and propagation of uncertainty; ideally, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis should be run in tandem.
Andressa Cintra
Andressa Cintra a Brazilian jiu-jitsu 1st deg. black belt athlete. A three-time IBJJF World and four-time CBJJ Brazilian Nationals Champion in colored belts; Cintra is a four-time black belt World Champion. Pan American and Brasileiro Champion. Cintra is ranked No. 1 in the middleweight 2022–2023 IBJJF Gi Ranking.

World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament held annually by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation. It is widely considered  the most  important and prestigious jiu-jitsu tournament of the year.

The first edition took place in February 1996 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since 2007 the tournament has been held  in California. The last edition of the championship took place at the Walter Pyramid in Long Beach California in 2025.
Bashir Isse
Bashir Isse (Somali: Bashiir Cisse, Arabic: بشير عيسى), also known as Bashir Issa Ali, is a Somali banker. He previously served as the CEO of the Commercial and Savings Bank of Somalia, and as both the Deputy Governor and Governor of the Central Bank of Somalia. As of April 2014, he is the Central Bank's permanent Governor.

Central Bank of Somalia
The Central Bank of Somalia (CBS) (Somali: Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, Arabic: البنك المركزي الصومالي) is the monetary authority of Somalia. Somalia has struggled to reestablish a functioning state since the collapse of an authoritarian regime in 1991. Somalia has been cited in academic contexts as a case of decentralized governance and informal legal structures following the collapse of its central government. The Transitional Federal Government, formed in 2004, was recognized as the central government of Somalia. Among other duties, it is in charge of ensuring financial stability, maintaining the internal and external value of the local currency, and promoting credit and exchange conditions that facilitate the balanced growth of the national economy. Within the scope of its powers, it also contributes to the financial and economic policies of the State.
Kreisliga Pfalz
The Kreisliga Pfalz (English: District league Palatinate) was the highest association football league in the Bavarian region of Palatinate from 1919 to 1923. The league was disbanded with the introduction of the Bezirksliga Rhein in 1923.

Kreisliga Bayern
The Kreisliga Bayern (English: District league Bavaria) was the highest association football league in the German Kingdom of Bavaria and, later, the state of Bavaria from 1909 to 1923. The league was disbanded with the introduction of the Bezirksliga Bayern in 1923.
Mi Buenos Aires querido (song)
'Mi Buenos Aires querido' (English: My Beloved Buenos Aires) is a tango with music by Carlos Gardel and lyrics by Alfredo Le Pera, released in 1934. It is featured on the soundtrack of its eponymous movie directed by Julio Irigoyen.

Mi Buenos Aires querido (1936 film)
Mi Buenos Aires querido is a 1936 Argentine musical film of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema directed and written by Julio Irigoyen. It is a tango film.

The soundtrack of the movie features the tango "Mi Buenos Aires querido" with music by Carlos Gardel and lyrics by Alfredo Le Pera.
Dual control theory
Dual control theory is a branch of control theory that deals with the control of systems whose characteristics are initially unknown.  It is called dual because in controlling such a system the controller's objectives are twofold:

(1) Action: To control the system as well as possible based on current system knowledge

(2) Investigation: To experiment with the system so as to learn about its behavior and control it better in the future.

These two objectives may be partly in conflict.
In the context of reinforcement learning, this is known as the exploration-exploitation trade-off  (e.g. Multi-armed bandit#Empirical motivation).

Dual control theory was developed by Alexander Aronovich Fel'dbaum in 1960.  He showed that in principle the optimal solution can be found by dynamic programming, but this is often impractical; as a result a number of methods for designing sub-optimal dual controllers have been devised.

Alexander Feldbaum
Alexander Aronovich Feldbaum (1913 — 1969) was a Soviet scientist in the field of automatic control and fundamental computer science. He is one of the founders of optimal control, and proposed dual control theory in the study of self-adjusting and self-learning systems.
Nerul
Nerul (Pronunciation: [neɾuːɭ])  is a residential and commercial node in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.  Nerul is located in the Harbour Line, Trans-Harbour Lines and Nerul-Uran Line of Mumbai local train network where Kharghar and Vashi are the nearby stations. Nerul node is also famous for its parallel-running Palm-Beach Marg. Nerul is quite famous for its gardens like the Rock Garden and state of the art building structures.

Palm Beach Road
The Palm Beach Road is a 10-kilometre-long (6.2 mi), six-lane, upmarket, and affluent residential and commercial road that connects Vashi and Belapur through Sanpada Nerul, running parallel to the Mumbai Harbour.
Kirtipala
Kirti-pala (IAST: Kīrtipāla, r. c. 1160-1182 CE), also known as Kitu in vernacular legends, was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty of Javalipura (modern Jalore). A member of the Naddula Chahamana family, he carved out a principality for himself with Jalore at its capital. He ruled parts of southern Rajasthan as a feudatory of the Chaulukyas, and participated in their successful battle against Muhammad of Ghor in 1178 CE. He also fought with other Chaulukya feudatories, including Asala of Kiratakupa (modern Kiradu) and the Guhila chief Samantasimha.

Samantasimha (Guhila)
Samantasimha or Samant Singh was the ruler of the Guhila dynasty during the second half of the 12th century. He succeeded his father Kshemasimha. After the death of the powerful Chaulakya king Kumarapal, Samantsingh successfully invaded Gujarat. He was later deposed from Mewar. He sought refuge in Vagad and established himself there but was soon expelled from there as well.

Historian G.H. Ojha theorizes that he eventually died fighting in the Second Battle of Tarain.
Entzheim
Entzheim (French pronunciation: [ɛns(h)ajm]; German: Enzheim [ˈɛntshaɪm]) is a commune, in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

The Strasbourg Airport is located in the commune.

Strasbourg Airport
Strasbourg Airport (French: Aéroport de Strasbourg; German: Straßburg Flughafen; Alsatian: D'r Strossburi(g) Flughàfa) (IATA: SXB, ICAO: LFST) is a minor international airport located in Entzheim and 10 km (6.2 miles) west-southwest of Strasbourg, both communes of the Bas-Rhin département in the Alsace région of France. In 2018, the airport served 1,297,177 passengers.
Alraune (1952 film)
Alraune, later renamed Unnatural: The Fruit of Evil, is a 1952 West German horror science fiction film, directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Hildegard Knef and Erich von Stroheim. The film is based on the 1911 novel Alraune by German novelist Hanns Heinz Ewers. The plot involves a scientist (von Stroheim) who creates a woman (Knef) who is beautiful yet soulless, lacking any sense of morality.

Hanns Heinz Ewers
Hanns Heinz Ewers (3 November 1871 – 12 June 1943) was a German actor, poet, philosopher, and writer of short stories and novels. While he wrote on a wide range of subjects, he is now known mainly for his works of horror, particularly his trilogy of novels about the adventures of Frank Braun, a character modeled on himself. The best known of these is Alraune (1911).
Pottinger baronets
The Pottinger Baronetcy, of Richmond in the County of Surrey, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 April 1840  for Lieutenant-General Henry Pottinger, the first Governor of Hong Kong from 1843 to 1844. His eldest son, the second Baronet, emigrated to Australia where he became a police inspector. The latter was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Baronet. On his death in 1909 the title became extinct.

Eldred Pottinger was the nephew of the first Baronet.

Henry Pottinger
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Pottinger, 1st Baronet Bt GCB PC (3 October 1789 – 18 March 1856) was a Bombay Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the first governor of Hong Kong from 1843 to 1844.
Teresa Berganza
Teresa Berganza Vargas OAXS (16 March 1933 – 13 May 2022) was a Spanish mezzo-soprano. She is most closely associated with roles such as Rossini's Rosina and La Cenerentola, and later Bizet's Carmen, admired for her technical virtuosity, musical intelligence, and beguiling stage presence.

Berganza was a key singer in a Rossini renaissance which explored less-performed operas and restored the leading roles to mezzo register. She appeared as Zerlina in Joseph Losey's Don Giovanni film in 1979. She participated in the opening ceremonies of the Expo '92 in Seville and of the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Don Giovanni (1979 film)
Don Giovanni is a 1979 French-Italian film directed by Joseph Losey. It is an adaptation of Mozart's classic 1787 opera Don Giovanni, based on the Don Juan legend of a seducer, destroyed by his excesses. The opera itself has been called one of Mozart's "trio of masterpieces". The film stars Ruggero Raimondi in the title role and the conductor is Lorin Maazel. Nearly three decades after the film's release, Nicholas Wapshott called it a "near perfect amalgamation of opera and the screen".
2015 Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup XXVII was the 27th edition of the Hopman Cup tournament between nations in men's and women's tennis. The tournament commenced on 4 January 2015 at the Perth Arena in Perth, Western Australia.

Eight teams competed for the title, with two round robin groups of four, from which the top team of each group advanced to the Final.

France were the 2014 champions. In that tournament's final the French team of Alizé Cornet and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Poland 2–1, but they failed to defend their title. Agnieszka Radwańska recorded an impressive win over Serena Williams in the final, ultimately carrying the Polish team to their first Hopman Cup title with a 2–1 victory over the United States.

Poland at the Hopman Cup
Poland is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on two occasions, in 2014 and 2015. The nation reached the final in its inaugural appearance, but lost to France by two rubbers to one. However, it did win the 2015 tournament, defeating the United States by 2-1 in that year's final.
General Electric Passport
The General Electric Passport is a turbofan developed by GE Aerospace for large business jets.

It was selected in 2010 to power the Bombardier Global 7500 and 8000, first run on June 24, 2013, and first flown in 2015.
It was certified in April 2016 and powered the Global 7500 first flight on November 4, 2016, before its 2018 introduction.

It produces 14,000 to 20,000 lbf (60 to 90 kN) of thrust, a range previously covered by the General Electric CF34-10.
A smaller scaled CFM LEAP, it is a twin-spool axial engine with a 5.6:1 bypass ratio, a 45:1 overall pressure ratio and one-piece 52 in (130 cm) titanium fan blisk with 18 blades.

Business jet
A business jet, private jet, or bizjet is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people, typically business executives and high-ranking associates. Business jets are generally designed for faster air travel and more personal comfort than commercial aircraft, and may be adapted for other roles, such as casualty evacuation or express parcel deliveries, and some are used by public bodies, government officials, VIPs, or even the military.
Haapi
Haapi, also Haip and Ha'ip was a commissioner mentioned in the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The name "Hapi" in Egyptian is the name for the Nile god Hapi.

Haapi is referenced in 3 letters from the Byblos-(Gubla) corpus of the prolific writer Rib-Hadda, of 68 letters. Haapi is also referenced in letter EA 149 of Abimilku of Tyre-(Surru), (EA for 'el Amarna').

The following letters are referenced to Haapi/Ha'ip:

EA 107—Title: "Charioteers, but no horses"–Rib-Hadda letter, (no. 36 of 68). Note: see Maryannu; in letter: mar-i(y)a-nu-ma, =charioteer.
EA 132—Title: "The hope for peace". –Rib-Hadda letter, (no. 61 of 68). See: Egyptian commissioner: Pahura.
EA 133—Title: "Some advice for the king"–Rib-Hadda letter, (no. 62 of 68).
EA 149—Title: "Neither water nor wood"–Abimilku letter no. 4 of 10.

Pahura
Pahura, and also spelled Pihur/Pihuru, Pihura, and Pihuru/Pihure was a commissioner of the 1350 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Pahura's name means in Egyptian,  ' the Syrian ' , and he was commissioner to the Egyptian pharaoh.

Pahura is referenced in 9-letters of the Amarna letters corpus. Two damaged partial letters are only topically identified by Pahura's name, with no other references: letters EA 207 and 208, (EA for 'el Amarna').
Lowther College
Lowther College was a public school in the United Kingdom in the late 19th and 20th centuries.

The school was originally formed as a girls' school in 1896 at Lytham St. Annes in Lancashire, by Mrs. Florence Morris (later Lindley). In 1920 the school moved to Bodelwyddan Castle, in North Wales, as tenants; the school purchased the property five years later, in 1925. Mrs Lindley continued as headmistress of the college until 1927, when the college was sold to Allied Schools.

The school is thought to have been one of the first public schools for girls to have its own swimming pool. It also had a golf course. The Lowther College Tableaux were well regarded within the community for their musical excellence.

Boys were admitted from 1977. The school closed in 1982 due to financial problems.

Florence Lindley
Florence Lindley (nee Morris) was the first headmistress of Lowther College, a private girls' school set up in 1896 in Lytham St. Annes, Lancashire. In 1920 she oversaw the college's move to Bodelwyddan Castle in Denbighshire, where she remained as headmistress until 1927, when the school was sold to Allied Schools. Lindley then moved to Kinmel Hall, a few miles away, where she converted the building into a 'rheuma spa', for the treatment of people with rheumatism.
Bracha L. Ettinger
Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger (Hebrew: ברכה ליכטנברג אטינגר; born 23 March 1948) is an Israeli-French artist, writer, psychoanalyst and philosopher based in France. Born in Mandatory Palestine, she lives and works in Paris. She is a feminist theorist and artist in contemporary New European Painting who invented the concepts of the matrixial space and matrixial gaze and related concepts around trauma, aesthetics and ethics. Ettinger is a professor at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland and at GCAS, Dublin. In 2023, she was part of the Finding Committee for the Artistic Director of Documenta's 2027 edition. She resigned from that role with a public letter intended to open a radical discussion in the artworld, following the administration's rejection of her request for a pause due to the attacks on civilians in Israel and in Gaza and the ongoing heavy losses of life.

Jean-François Lyotard
Jean-François Lyotard (/liːoʊˈtɑːr/; French: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa ljɔtaʁ]; 10 August 1924 – 21 April 1998) was a French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist. His interdisciplinary discourse spans such topics as epistemology and communication, the human body, modern art and postmodern art, literature and critical theory, music, film, time and memory, space, the city and landscape, the sublime, and the relation between aesthetics and politics. He is best known for his articulation of postmodernism after the late 1970s and the analysis of the impact of postmodernity on the human condition. Lyotard was a key personality in contemporary continental philosophy and authored 26 books and many articles. He was a director of the International College of Philosophy founded by Jacques Derrida, François Châtelet, Jean-Pierre Faye, and Dominique Lecourt.
Bridge Squeezes Complete
Bridge Squeezes Complete is a book on contract bridge written by Ann Arbor, Michigan-based mathematics professor Clyde E. Love, originally published in 1959. Written in a "dry, mathematical way", it is still considered one of the most important bridge books ever written and the squeeze vocabulary Love invented remains the basis for all discussions of squeezes.

Reprints of the original text have been published in 1961 by Mayflower (London), in 1968 by Dover (New York) and in 1969 by Constable (London). A revised edition, edited by Linda Lee and Julian Pottage, was published by Master Point Press in 2010.

An interactive software presentation of the original text was developed by Lorne Russell in 2006 and translated into French by Theo VanDommelen in 2008.

Squeeze play (bridge)
A squeeze play (or squeeze) is a technique used in contract bridge and other trick-taking games in which the play of a card (the squeeze card) forces an opponent to discard a winner or the guard of a potential winner. The situation typically occurs in the end game, with only a few cards remaining. Although numerous types of squeezes have been analyzed and catalogued in contract bridge, they were first discovered and described in whist.

Most squeezes operate on the principle that declarer's and dummy's hands can, between them, hold more cards with the potential to take extra tricks than a single defender's hand can protect or guard. Infrequently, due to the difficulty of coordinating their holdings, two defenders can cooperate to squeeze declarer or dummy on the same principle.
Hilutangan Channel
Hilutangan Channel (or Gilutungan Channel) is a deep water channel that separates Mactan Island from Olango Island.

The Mactan Reef Flat lies on the port  (left) side of this channel and the Olango Reef Flat lies on the starboard (right) side of this channel.

It is one of the three channels that connect the Cebu Strait to the Camotes Sea:

the Mactan Channel (which separates Cebu from Mactan)

the Hilutangan Channel (which separates Mactan from Olango)

the Olango Channel (which separates Olango from Bohol).

The holotype of the sea snail Tosapusia sauternesensis was described in the channel.

Olango Island Group
The Olango Island Group is a group of islands found in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. It comprises Olango island and 6 satellite islets namely: Caubian, Camungi, Caohagan, Gilutongan, Nalusuan, Pangan-an, and Sulpa. The island group has a total land area of approximately 1,030 hectares (2,500 acres). It is divided under the jurisdiction of the city of Lapu-Lapu and the municipality of Cordova, Cebu. It lies 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) east of Mactan and is a major tourist destination in Cebu. It is known for its wildlife sanctuary. The entire area is the first declared Ramsar Wetland Site in the Philippines, as recognized in 1994.
Operation Hannibal
Operation Hannibal was a German naval operation involving the evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from the Courland Pocket, East Prussia, West Prussia and Pomerania from mid-January to May 1945 as the Red Army advanced during the East Prussian and East Pomeranian Offensives and subsidiary operations. The operation was one of the largest evacuations by sea in history.

Courland Pocket
The Courland Pocket was a pocket located on the Courland Peninsula in Latvia on the Eastern Front of World War II from 9 October 1944 to 10 May 1945.

Army Group North of the Wehrmacht were surrounded in western Latvia by the Red Army after the Baltic Offensive, when forces of the 1st Baltic Front reached the Baltic Sea near Memel (Klaipėda) after the collapse of Army Group Centre during Operation Bagration. Army Group North retreated to the Courland Pocket and was renamed Army Group Courland on 25 January, holding off six Red Army offensives until the German Instrument of Surrender was signed on 8 May 1945. Army Group Courland were in a communication "blackout" and did not get the official order until 10 May, becoming one of the last German groups to surrender in Europe.
Broadway-Spring Arcade
Broadway-Spring Arcade, also known as Broadway Arcade, Spring Arcade, Arcade Building, and Mercantile Arcade Building, refers to three adjoining buildings located at 540 S. Broadway / 541 S. Spring Street. The buildings face both Broadway and Spring Street, connecting the Broadway Theater and Spring Street Financial districts midway between 5th and 6th streets in the historic core of downtown Los Angeles.

Spring Street (Los Angeles)
Spring Street is one of the oldest streets in Los Angeles. A section of the street in Downtown Los Angeles, from just north of Fourth Street to just south of Seventh Street, is the NRHP-listed Spring Street Financial District, nicknamed Wall Street of the West, lined with Beaux Arts buildings and currently experiencing gentrification. This section forms part of the Historic Core district of Downtown, together with portions of Hill, Broadway, Main and Los Angeles streets.