hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph A. McQueen
Joseph Avard McQueen (November 10, 1862 – November 16, 1918 ) was a merchant and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1891 to 1892 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Point de Bute, New Brunswick, the son of Angus McQueen, and educated at Mount Allison College. He was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1891 by-election held after two members elected in the general election were unseated after an appeal.

Son of Angus McQueen.

Angus McQueen
Angus McQueen (c. 1828 – October 18, 1899) was a merchant and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1866 to 1878.

He was born in Little Harbour, Pictou County, Nova Scotia and later settled at Point de Bute, New Brunswick. He married Margaret Avard. McQueen was named as a member of New Brunswick's Executive Council in 1872 and served until 1878. After he retired from politics, McQueen served as high sheriff for Westmorland County.

His son Joseph later served as a member of the provincial assembly.
Presidential Airways (charter)
Presidential Airways (PAW) is a charter cargo and passenger airline currently based at Melbourne International Airport. Presidential is now a subsidiary of Aviation Worldwide Services, owned by AAR Corp.

Blackwater (company)
Constellis, formerly Blackwater, is an American private military contractor founded on December 26, 1997, by former Navy SEAL officer Erik Prince. It was renamed Xe Services in 2009, and was again renamed to Academi in 2011, after it was acquired by a group of private investors. In 2014, Academi merged with Triple Canopy to form Constellis Holdings.

Constellis and its predecessors provide contract security services to the United States federal government. Since 2003, it has provided services to the Central Intelligence Agency.

In 2007, Blackwater received widespread notoriety for the Nisour Square massacre in Baghdad, when a group of its employees killed 17 Iraqi civilians and injured 20. Four employees were convicted in the United States and were later pardoned on December 22, 2020, by President Donald Trump.
Davison, Michigan
Davison is a city in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan and a suburb of Flint. As of the 2020 census, Davison had a population of 5,143. Davison is located within Davison Township survey township area (7N 8E), but is administratively autonomous.

Davison was named after Judge Norman Davison, a judge of Lapeer County and a delegate to state constitution convention of 1835. He resided in a nearby hamlet formerly known as Davisonville, now known as Atlas.

Davison Township, Michigan
Township of Davison is a civil township of Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan consisting of the survey township of North 7 East 8 less the administratively autonomous city of Davison. The population was 20,434 at the 2020 census, up from 19,575 at the 2010 census.

Davison was named after Judge Norman Davison, a judge of Lapeer County and a delegate to state constitution convention of 1835. He resided in a nearby town formerly known as Davisonville, now known as Atlas.
Helicarrier
The Helicarrier is a fictional airborne aircraft carrier appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the aircraft first appeared in Strange Tales #135 (August 1965).

The Helicarrier is depicted as the crucial mobile command center, forward operations platform, and signature capital ship of the fictional intelligence/defense agency S.H.I.E.L.D. It has survived multiple redesigns while rarely straying from its originally depicted role as a mobile headquarters of S.H.I.E.L.D. until recent years.

S.H.I.E.L.D.
S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law enforcement, and counter-terrorism government agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, this agency first appeared in Strange Tales #135 (August 1965), and often deals with paranormal activity and superhuman threats to international security.

The acronym originally stood for Supreme Headquarters, International Espionage and Law-Enforcement Division. It was changed in 1991 to Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage Logistics Directorate. Within media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, as well as multiple animated and live-action television series, the backronym stands for Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division.

The organization has heavily appeared in media adaptations as well as films and shows that take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes
Siegfried (or Sigfried) (c. 922 – 28 October 998) was count in the Ardennes, and is known in European historiography as founder and first ruler of the Castle of Luxembourg in 963 AD, and ancestor and predecessor of the future counts and dukes of Luxembourg. He was also an advocate of the abbeys of St. Maximin in Trier and Saint Willibrord in Echternach.

His male-line descendants are known as the House of Luxembourg, or House of Ardenne–Luxembourg.

Bock (Luxembourg)
The Bock (Luxembourgish: Bockfiels) is a promontory in the north-eastern corner of Luxembourg City's old historical district. It was here that Count Siegfried built his Castle of Lucilinburhuc in 963, providing a basis for the development of the town that became Luxembourg. Over the centuries, the Bock and the surrounding defenses were reinforced, attacked, and rebuilt time and time again. as the armies of the Burgundians, Habsburgs, Spaniards, Prussians, and French vied for victory over one of Europe's most strategic strongholds, the Fortress of Luxembourg. Warring did not stop until the Treaty of London was signed in 1867, calling for the demolition of the fortifications. Ruins of the old castle and the vast underground system of passages and galleries known as the casemates continue to be a major tourist attraction.
Anastomosis
An anastomosis (/əˌnæstəˈmoʊsɪs/, pl.: anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas.

The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, cybernetics, as well as geology, and geography.

Surgical anastomosis
A surgical anastomosis is a surgical technique used to make a new connection between two body structures that carry fluid, such as blood vessels or bowel.  For example, an arterial anastomosis is used in vascular bypass and a colonic anastomosis is used to restore colonic continuity after the resection of colon cancer.

A surgical anastomosis can be created using suture sewn by hand, mechanical staplers, or biological glues, depending on the circumstances. While an anastomosis may be end-to-end, equally it could be performed side-to-side or end-to-side depending on the circumstances of the required reconstruction or bypass. The term reanastomosis is also used to describe a surgical reconnection usually reversing a prior surgery to disconnect an anatomical anastomosis, e.g. tubal reversal after tubal ligation.
Q-derivative
In mathematics, in the area of combinatorics and quantum calculus, the q-derivative, or Jackson derivative, is a q-analog of the ordinary derivative, introduced by Frank Hilton Jackson. It is the inverse of Jackson's q-integration. For other forms of q-derivative, see Chung et al. (1994).

Quantum calculus
Quantum calculus, sometimes called calculus without limits, is equivalent to traditional infinitesimal calculus without the notion of limits. The two types of calculus in quantum calculus are q-calculus and h-calculus. The goal of both types is to find "analogs" of mathematical objects, where, after taking a certain limit, the original object is returned. In q-calculus, the limit as q tends to 1 is taken of the q-analog. Likewise, in h-calculus, the limit as h tends to 0 is taken of the h-analog. The parameters  and  can be related by the formula .
Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants
Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) play a role in the context of allergy diagnosis. The terms CCD or CCDs describe protein-linked carbohydrate structures responsible for the phenomenon of cross-reactivity of sera from allergic patients towards a wide range of allergens from plants and insects. In serum-based allergy diagnosis, antibodies of the IgE class directed against CCDs therefore give the impression of polysensitization. Anti-CCD IgE, however, does not seem to elicit clinical symptoms. Diagnostic results caused by CCDs are therefore regarded as false positives.

Cross-reactivity
Cross-reactivity, in a general sense, is the reactivity of an observed agent which initiates reactions outside the main reaction expected. This has implications for any kind of test or assay, including diagnostic tests in medicine, and can be a cause of false positives. In immunology, the definition of cross-reactivity refers specifically to the reaction of the immune system to antigens. There can be cross-reactivity between the immune system and the antigens of two different pathogens, or between one pathogen and proteins on non-pathogens, which in some cases can be the cause of allergies.
Greater Jakarta Integrated Mass Transit System
The Greater Jakarta Integrated Mass Transit System is an integrated transport network that primarily serves the area of Jakarta metropolitan area and surrounding areas. The system commenced operations in December 2017 with the introduction of commuter rail service on the existing rail between Jakarta and satellite cities. The system have since expanded and currently consists of 11 fully operating rail lines in a radial formation; five commuter rail lines, one airport rail link line to the Soekarno Hatta International Airport's (SHIA) Terminal 1, Terminal 2, and Terminal 3, four rapid transit lines, fourteen bus rapid transit line and one high speed rail line to Bandung. The system encompasses 654.5 kilometres (406.7 mi) of grade-separated railway with 371 operational stations.

Jakarta MRT
The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (Indonesian: Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta) or Jakarta MRT (MRT Jakarta, stylized as mrt jakarta) is a rapid transit system in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia.

The system is operated by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda), a municipally owned perseroan terbatas of the city of Jakarta. Phase 1 of the project (Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI) was officially opened on 24 March 2019.
Chuck Jenkins
Charles Austin Jenkins (born May 27, 1956) is an American politician who has served as the sheriff of Frederick County since 2006. A member of the Republican Party, he is the longest serving sheriff in Frederick County history.

Jenkins is part of the far-right. During his tenure as sheriff, he has been noted for his anti-immigrant views and defense of Frederick County's 287(g) program to deport arrested individuals, which he credited with decreasing crime in the county. In April 2023, Jenkins was indicted on five counts of conspiracy and making false statements to acquire machine guns, prompting him to take a temporary leave of absence from his duties as sheriff. Federal prosecutors dropped all charges against Jenkins in November 2024, after co-defendant Robert Krop was acquitted of all charges.

Frederick County Sheriff's Office
The Frederick County Sheriff's Office (FCSO) is the primary law enforcement agency serving a population of 222,938 residents within the 662.88 square miles (1,717 km2) area of Frederick County, Maryland.
Lawndale Elementary School District
Lawndale Elementary School District (LESD) is a school district headquartered in Lawndale, California, United States.

The district educates residents in: Lawndale, and portions of Hawthorne, as well as unincorporated areas in Los Angeles County (including Alondra Park). It formerly covered a portion of Del Aire.

Lawndale, California
Lawndale is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 31,807 at the 2020 census, down from 32,769 at the 2010 census. The city is in the South Bay region of the Greater Los Angeles Area.
The Salt Path
The Salt Path is a 2018 memoir, nature, and travel book by Raynor Winn. It details the  long-distance walk along the South West Coast Path, in South West England, by Winn and her husband, Moth, after they lost their home, and Moth was diagnosed with fatal corticobasal degeneration (CBD). It deals with the theme of homelessness and the nature of home in the face of the unpredictability of life. It was shortlisted for the 2018 Wainwright Prize and the Costa Book Awards, and won the 2019 RSL Christopher Bland Prize. A 2024 film adaptation of the same name has Gillian Anderson and Jason Isaacs in the lead roles.

Some background events central to the premise of the book were disputed following an investigative piece in July 2025 by The Observer, which stated that Winn lost her home after stealing £64,000 from her employer, and cast doubt on her husband's diagnosis of CBD. Raynor has since denied these claims and said she was taking legal advice.

Raynor Winn
Raynor Winn (born Sally Ann Winn, 1962), also known as Sally Walker, is an English long-distance walker and writer. Her second book, the autobiographical memoir and travel diary titled The Salt Path, was a Sunday Times bestseller in 2018, and a film of the same name was released in May 2025 in the UK. In July 2025, a report in The Observer challenged the two events that led to the walk described in The Salt Path, namely her husband's terminal diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and the circumstances that led them to be evicted from their house in North Wales.
Boeing 7J7
The Boeing 7J7 was an American short- to medium-range airliner proposed by American aircraft manufacturer Boeing in the 1980s. It was envisioned as carrying up to 150 passengers and was touted as the successor to the Boeing 727, which had entered service in 1964. With interest from Scandinavian Airlines as a customer, and the Japan Aircraft Development Corporation as a parts supplier (contributing to the "J" in 7J7), it was initially planned to enter service in 1992. The 7J7 was intended as a highly fuel-efficient aircraft employing new technologies, including conceptual propfan engines – which never proceeded beyond prototype testing – mounted on the rear fuselage. During a development period that dragged on for years, potential customers had time to rethink and make competing demands for size and layout, leading to further delays in Boeing's decision making. The project was eventually postponed and then quietly abandoned.

Propfan
A propfan, also called a propjet, an open rotor engine, or an open fan engine, is an aircraft engine combining features of turbofans and turboprops. It uses advanced, curved propeller blades without a duct.  Propfans first started prototype testing in the 1970s, aiming to combine the speed capability of turbofans with the fuel efficiency of turboprops, especially at high subsonic speeds. However, they have never proceeded beyond testing, never going into commercial use. Over the decades, different efforts to perfect the concept have used names like "open rotor" and "ultra-high-bypass (UHB) turbofan".
Fiat Ritmo
The Fiat Ritmo is a small family car which was manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1978 to 1988 with two facelifts. It has a front-engine, front-wheel drive layout and was offered as a three-door or five-door hatchback or as a two-door cabriolet. Export versions for the UK, US and Canada were marketed as the Fiat Strada. In 1979, SEAT Ritmo production began under licence by SEAT in Spain, which was restyled in 1982 to become the SEAT Ronda.

The Ritmo was styled by Sergio Sartorelli at Fiat's Centro Stile in Turin and was launched in April 1978 at the Turin Motor show. The name Ritmo derives from the Italian for "rhythm", and Strada derives from the Italian for "road." Production reached a total of 1,790,000 and ended in early 1988 it was replaced by the Fiat Tipo.

Fiat 128
The Fiat 128 is a small family car which was manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1969 to 1985. The bodystyles were a two- or four-door sedan, three- or five-door station wagon as well as two- or three-door coupé.

With engineering by Dante Giacosa and engine design by Aurelio Lampredi, the 128 was noted for its relatively roomy passenger and cargo volume — enabled by a breakthrough innovation to the transversely-mounted front-engine, front-drive layout which became the layout "adopted by virtually every other manufacturer in the world" for front-wheel drive. Fiat promoted in its advertising that mechanical features consumed only 20% of the vehicle's volume. The 128 running gear and engine, reconfigured for a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, were used in the Fiat X1/9 sports car.

Named European Car of the Year in 1970, over three million were ultimately manufactured.

In 2012 automotive journalist Jamie Kitman called the 128 a "pioneer of the small cars we drive today."
Sindoh
Sindoh (Korean: 신도), formerly Sindoricoh (신도리코), is a South Korean company that makes multi-function printers, fax machines, Thermal paper and 3D printers. Headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, Sindoh's main market for 2D printers is Korea, the United States, and Europe for its 3D printers.

The company was founded in 1960 under the title of Sindoh Trading Co., Ltd. The name was changed to Sindoh Co., Ltd. in 1969 after the company entered into a partnership with Japanese corporation Ricoh.

Multi-function printer
An MFP (multi-function product/printer/peripheral), multi-functional, all-in-one (AIO), or multi-function device (MFD), is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one, so as to have a smaller footprint in a home or small business setting (the SOHO market segment), or to provide centralized document management/distribution/production in a large-office setting. A typical MFP may act as a combination of some or all of the following devices: email, fax, photocopier, printer, scanner.
Blantyre, South Lanarkshire
Blantyre (listenⓘ or listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Blantaidhr) is a town and civil parish in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, with a population of 16,900. It is bounded by the River Clyde to the north, the Rotten Calder to the west, the Park Burn to the east (denoting the boundary with the larger adjoining town of Hamilton) and the Rotten Burn to the south.

Blantyre was the birthplace of David Livingstone, the 19th-century explorer and missionary, and because of Livingstone's work, the second-largest city in Malawi is named after it.

Blantyre
Blantyre is Malawi's centre of finance and commerce, and its second largest city, with a population of 800,264 as of 2018. It is sometimes referred to as the commercial and industrial capital of Malawi as opposed to the political capital, Lilongwe. It is the capital of the country's Southern Region as well as the Blantyre District.
Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company
44°05′55″N 87°40′03″W﻿ / ﻿44.098501°N 87.667438°W﻿ / 44.098501; -87.667438

Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, was a major shipbuilder for the Great Lakes. It was founded in 1902, with the purchase of the "Burger & Burger Shipyard," a predecessor to The Burger Boat Company, and made mainly steel ferries and ore haulers. During World War II, it built submarines, tank landing craft (LCTs), and self-propelled fuel barges called "YOs". Employment peaked during the military years at 7000. The shipyard closed in 1968, when Manitowoc Company bought Bay Shipbuilding Company and moved their shipbuilding operation to Sturgeon Bay.

Landing craft tank
The Landing Craft, Tank (LCT) (or tank landing craft, TLC) was an amphibious assault craft for landing tanks on beachheads. They were initially developed by the Royal Navy and later by the United States Navy during World War II in a series of versions. Initially known as the "tank landing craft" (TLC) by the British, they later adopted the U.S. nomenclature "landing craft, tank" (LCT). The United States continued to build LCTs post-war, and used them under different designations in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Giorgia Villa
Giorgia Villa (born 23 February 2003) is an Italian artistic gymnast.  She was a member of the teams that won silver at the 2024 Olympic Games and bronze at the 2019 World Championships.  Additionally, she was part of the gold-winning teams at both the 2022 Mediterranean Games and the 2022 European Championships. Individually, she is the 2018, 2020, and 2021 Italian national champion, the 2018 Youth Olympic champion, and the 2018 European junior all-around champion. She is also a member of the Italian national team.

Alice D'Amato
Alice D'Amato (Italian: [aˈliːtʃe daˈmaːto]; born 7 February 2003) is an Italian artistic gymnast. She represented Italy at the 2020 and 2024 Olympic Games. She is the 2024 Olympic balance beam champion, becoming the first Italian woman to win gold at the Olympics in any gymnastics event. On the uneven bars she is the 2023 and 2024 European champion, the 2022 European silver medalist, and the 2019 European bronze medalist. Additionally, she is a two-time European all-around medalist. She was a member of the teams that won silver at the 2024 Olympic Games, bronze at the 2019 World Championships, and gold at the 2022 and 2024 European Championships. She is the twin sister of Asia D'Amato.
Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy
Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy  (born 1 July 2002) is a Vietnamese beauty pageant titleholder and model. She is known for being crowned Miss Vietnam 2022 and then became famous when she was crowned  Miss International 2024.

She is the first Vietnamese to be crowned Miss International, and the second time that Vietnam won one of the Big Four beauty pageants, six years after Nguyễn Phương Khánh won as Miss Earth 2018.

Miss International 2024
Miss International 2024 was the 62nd Miss International pageant, held on November 12, 2024, at the Tokyo Dome City Hall in Japan.

Andrea Rubio of Venezuela crowned Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy of Vietnam as her successor at the end of the event, marking the country's first title in the pageant.
United States v. American Tobacco Co.
United States v. American Tobacco Company, 221 U.S. 106 (1911), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which held that the combination in this case is one in restraint of trade and an attempt to monopolize the business of tobacco in interstate commerce within the prohibitions of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. As a result, the American Tobacco Company was split into four competitors.

Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that ruled that John D. Rockefeller's petroleum conglomerate Standard Oil had illegally monopolized the American petroleum industry and ordered the company to break itself up. The decision also held, however, that U.S. antitrust law bans only "unreasonable" restraints on trade, an interpretation that came to be known as the "rule of reason".
Primary abbey
Primary abbey in the context of the Cistercian order refers to the first daughter houses of Cîteaux Abbey.  The four primary abbeys were La Ferté (1113), Pontigny (1114), Clairvaux (1115), and Morimond (1115).

La Ferté Abbey
La Ferté Abbey (French: Abbaye de la Ferté; Latin: Firmitas) was a Cistercian monastery founded in 1113 in La Ferté-sur-Grosne in the present commune of Saint-Ambreuil, Saône-et-Loire, France, the first of the four great daughter-houses of Cîteaux Abbey. It was dissolved in 1791.