hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Godwin's law
Godwin's law (or Godwin's rule), short for Godwin's law of Nazi analogies, is an Internet adage asserting: "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one." The law's creator, Mike Godwin, maintains these comparisons often trivialize the Holocaust. It is an example of the reductio ad Hitlerum fallacy.

In 2021, Harvard researchers published an article showing that the Nazi-comparison phenomenon does not occur with statistically meaningful frequency in Reddit discussions.

Mike Godwin
Michael Wayne Godwin (born October 26, 1956) is an American attorney and author. He was the first staff counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), and he created the Internet adage Godwin's law and the notion of an Internet meme. From July 2007 to October 2010, he was general counsel for the Wikimedia Foundation. In March 2011, he was elected to the Open Source Initiative board. Godwin has served as a contributing editor of Reason magazine since 1994. In April 2019, he was elected to the Internet Society board. From 2015 to 2020, he was general counsel and director of innovation policy at the R Street Institute. In August 2020, he and the Blackstone Law Group filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration on behalf of the employees of TikTok, and worked there between June 2021 and June 2022. Since October 2022, he has worked as the policy and privacy lead at Anonym, a "privacy-safe advertising" startup.
GcMAF
GcMAF (or Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor) is a protein produced by modification of vitamin D-binding protein. It has been falsely promoted as a treatment for various medical conditions, but claims of its benefits are not supported by evidence.

Biochemically, GcMAF results from sequential deglycosylation of the vitamin D-binding protein (the Gc protein), which is naturally promoted by lymphocytes (B and T cells). The resulting protein may be a macrophage activating factor (MAF).    MAFs are lymphokines that control the expression of antigens on the surface of macrophages, and one of their functions is to make macrophages become cytotoxic to tumors.

Vitamin D-binding protein
Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), also/originally known as gc-globulin (group-specific component), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GC gene. DBP is genetically the oldest member of the albuminoid family and appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates.
Alec Garden Fraser
Alexander Garden Fraser (6 October 1873 – 27 January 1962), MA, CBE, was a British educator and Anglican priest. He served as principal at Trinity College, Kandy from 1904 to 1924. He subsequently became one of the founders of Achimota School and the first principal of the school (1924–1935).

Trinity College, Kandy
Trinity College, Kandy is a private Anglican boys' school located in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It offers both day and boarding facilities. It was founded in 1872 by British Anglican missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, modelled on British public school tradition. Trinity offers primary and secondary education and is managed by the Anglican Church of Ceylon.
Richie Steamboat
Richard Henry Blood Jr. (born July 7, 1987) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Richie Steamboat. He is known for wrestling in WWE's developmental territories Florida Championship Wrestling and NXT, and was the second FCW Grand Slam Champion having won the Florida Heavyweight Championship, Florida Tag Team Championship, and Jack Brisco 15 Championship.

Mason Ryan
Barri Griffiths (born 13 January 1982) is a Welsh stunt performer, actor, and former professional wrestler. He is best known for his time with WWE, where he performed under the ring name Mason Ryan from 2009 to 2014. He joined Cirque du Soleil in 2016.

Griffiths played as a centre back for Porthmadog FC, but a knee injury curtailed his career. He appeared as Goliath on Gladiators in 2009. He began training to be a professional wrestler in 2006, and competed around Europe for the next three years. In 2009, he signed a contract with WWE, debuting in Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) and becoming a one-time FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion. He made his main roster debut in 2011 and joined The New Nexus. In 2013, he started working on WWE's NXT brand until his release the following year.
Konishi Yukinaga
Konishi Yukinaga (小西 行長, baptized under the Portuguese personal name Agostinho; 1558 – November 6, 1600) was a Japanese daimyō who served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Known as a Kirishitan daimyo, he is notable for his role as the vanguard of the Japanese invasion of Korea.

Katō Kiyomasa
Katō Kiyomasa (加藤 清正; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.toː (|) kʲi.jo.ma.sa], July 25, 1562 – August 2, 1611) was a Japanese daimyō of the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods. His court title was Higo no Kami (肥後守; lit. 'Chief of Higo'). His name as a child was Yashamaru, and first name was Toranosuke. He was one of Hideyoshi's Seven Spears of Shizugatake.
Ganguly (surname)
Ganguly (Bengali: গাঙ্গুলী), also known as Ganguli, Ganguly, Gangulee, Gangoly or Gangopadhyay is a native Bengali surname that is used by Kulin Brahmin group of the Bengali Brahmin caste. The traditional Bengali version of this surname is Gangopadhyay(a) or Gônggopaddhae.

Bengali Brahmin
Bengali Brahmins are the community of Hindu Brahmins, who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh.

The Bengali Brahmins, along with Baidyas and Kayasthas, are regarded among the three traditional higher castes of Bengal. In the colonial era the Bhadraloks of Bengal were primarily, not exclusively, drawn from these three castes.
Dalys la Caribeña
Dalys la Caribeña (Spanish for Dalys "The Caribbean Girl"; born February 20, 1975) is a Panamanian luchadora (or female professional wrestler), working for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA). Her name appears in print as Dalys la Caribeña, Dalys, Dallys and Dalis, but all refer to the same person. She is a second-generation wrestler; her father is a retired wrestler turned wrestling promoter in Panama, her brother wrestles in Mexico under the ring name Veneno and she is related to the extended Casas wrestling family, through her marriage to Negro Casas.

Dalys is best known for her work in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), where she held the CMLL World Women's Championship and the CMLL Japanese Women's Championship both once.

Casas wrestling family
The Casas wrestling family, at times called La Dinastia Casas ("The Casas Dynasty") in Spanish, is a Mexican family of luchadors, or professional wrestlers. The Casas family perform primarily in Mexico but have made appearances in the United States of America, Canada, Europe and Japan over the years.
Richard Dominguez
Richard Dominguez (born Eufrancio Ricardo Dominguez September 22, 1960) is an American comic book artist and freelance storyboard illustrator. Best known for creating the popular series El Gato Negro, Dominguez publishes his comics through his imprint and art studio, Azteca Productions. Dominguez also is well known for influencing other artists and creators in the pursuit of their own self-publishing ventures.

El Gato Negro (comic book)
El Gato Negro (The Black Cat) was an independent comic book series featuring the eponymous character created by Richard Dominguez and published by Azteca Productions. The series began in October 1993; the first edition sold all 5,000 copies within two months, but was placed on a seven-year hiatus after the fourth issue was published. Dominguez later returned in 2005 with the new series El Gato Negro: Nocturnal Warrior.
Taini Jamison Trophy
The Taini Jamison Trophy series is an international netball series hosted by Netball New Zealand. The series traditionally features New Zealand playing a series of test matches against a visiting national team. The trophy is named in honour of Taini Jamison, the former New Zealand head coach. New Zealand won the inaugural 2008 series. A World 7, Jamaica and England have also been series winners. Other participants have included South Africa, Malawi, Fiji and Samoa. As New Zealand and Australia compete for the Constellation Cup, Australia does not compete for the Taini Jamison Trophy.

2008 Taini Jamison Trophy Series
The 2008 Taini Jamison Trophy Series, also referred to as the New World Series,   was the inaugural Taini Jamison Trophy series. It featured New Zealand playing England in a series of three netball test matches, played in October 2008. New Zealand won the opening test 65–26. England leveled the series by winning the second test 40–38. New Zealand won the inaugural Taini Jamison Trophy series 2–1 by defeating England 61–22 in the final test. The New Zealand team was coached by Ruth Aitken and captained by Julie Seymour and Laura Langman. England were coached by Sue Hawkins and captained by Karen Atkinson.
John Boyd Orr
John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, CH DSO MC FRS FRSE (23 September 1880 – 25 June 1971), styled Sir John Boyd Orr from 1935 to 1949, was a Scottish teacher, medical doctor, biologist, nutritional physiologist, politician, businessman and farmer who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific research into nutrition and his work as the first Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

He was the co-founder and the first President (1960–1971) of the World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS). In 1945, he was elected President of the National Peace Council and was President of the World Union of Peace Organisations and the World Movement for World Federal Government.

Edward Provan Cathcart
Edward Provan Cathcart CBE FRS FRSE (18 July 1877 – 18 February 1954) was a Scottish physician and physiologist of international fame. The Cathcart Chair in Biochemistry at the University of Glasgow is named after him. Together with John Boyd Orr he published influential papers on protein metabolism in humans. He is also remembered as Chairman of the Scottish Health Board Committee 1933-1936. The Cathcart Committee (named after him) was critical to the Scottish input to the foundation of the National Health Service after World War II. His obituary described his as a "life well spent in the service of mankind".
ANZUK
ANZUK was a tripartite force formed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to defend the Asian Pacific region after the United Kingdom withdrew forces from the east of Suez in the early 1970s. The ANZUK force was formed in Singapore on 1 November 1971 under Rear Admiral David Wells and disbanded on 31 January 1974.

New Zealand Force South East Asia
New Zealand Force South East Asia (NZFORSEA) (1974–1989) comprised the elements of the Royal New Zealand Navy, New Zealand Army and Royal New Zealand Air Force.  Much of the New Zealand military left Singapore as part of operation Kupe in 1989, leaving behind a residual Defence Support Unit (NZDSU).
Simon Watts
Simon Glen Watts (born 1978/1979) is a New Zealand politician. He has been the Member of the New Zealand House of Representatives for North Shore, representing the National Party, since the 2020 New Zealand general election.

He currently serves as Minister of Climate Change and Minister of Revenue in the Sixth National Government of New Zealand.

North Shore (New Zealand electorate)
North Shore is a parliamentary electorate that returns one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for North Shore is Simon Watts of the National Party, who at the 2020 election was elected to succeed the retiring Maggie Barry, also of National.
F.C. Paços de Ferreira
Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpasuʒ ðɨ fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ]) is a Portuguese professional football club based in Paços de Ferreira, district of Porto. Founded in 1950, the club competes in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home games at the 9,076 seat Estádio Capital do Móvel The club's colours are yellow and green. The club is owned 100% by its members ("sócios").

They have won four Segunda Liga titles (now Liga Portugal 2), and in 2007 they qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time. In the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, the team finished third and qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League play-offs for the first time in their history. They were also runners-up of the 2008–09 Taça de Portugal, the 2009 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and the 2010–11 Taça da Liga.

2010–11 Taça da Liga
The 2010–11 Taça da Liga was the fourth edition of the Portuguese Taça da Liga. The first matches were played on 8 August 2010. The final was played on 23 April 2011 at the Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, where Benfica beat Paços de Ferreira 2–1 to win their third title.
George Alfred Davies
George Alfred Davies (1846 – 31 January 1897) was an Australian-born Mayor of his native Fremantle. He was a founding director of the Fremantle Building Society and a Justice of the Peace. He built the Oddfellows Hotel in Fremantle, which became the heritage listed Norfolk Hotel.

Norfolk Hotel, Fremantle
The Norfolk Hotel is located on the corner of South Terrace and Norfolk Street in Fremantle, Western Australia. The stone built hotel was originally constructed in 1887 before the 1893 Kalgoorlie gold rush for George Alfred Davies, a vintner, local councillor and Mayor of Fremantle.  For most of its life it was known as the Oddfellows Hotel; it was renamed when it was substantially renovated in 1985.
Alexander Soloviev (historian)
Alexander Vasilievich Soloviev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Соловьёв; Serbian: Александар Соловјев; 1890–1971) was a Russian émigré jurist, slavist, and historian of Serbia and Serbian law. His academic activity included research on the Bogumils, Serbian heraldry, philately and archeology, and he also published translations from Russian and French into Serbian. Having fled from Russia not long after the October Revolution, he settled in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, where he became a professor at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law (1920-1936). After the end of World War II he briefly served as the first dean of the Sarajevo Law School (1947-1949), before Communist repression forced him to emigrate to Switzerland, where he worked as professor of Slavic studies at the University of Geneva (1951-1961).

Faculty of Law, University of Sarajevo
The Faculty of Law of the University of Sarajevo (Bosnian: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu), also known as the Sarajevo Law School, is one of the leading schools of the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The school is located in Sarajevo's downtown district next to the Latin Bridge and not far from Baščaršija, the city's historical and cultural center.
Pelvic floor
The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is an anatomical location in the human body which has an important role in urinary and anal continence, sexual function, and support of the pelvic organs. The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments, and fascia and separates between the pelvic cavity from above, and the  perineum from below. It is formed by the levator ani muscle and coccygeus muscle, and associated connective tissue.

The pelvic floor has two hiatuses (gaps): (anteriorly) the urogenital hiatus through which the urethra and vagina pass, and (posteriorly) the rectal hiatus through which the anal canal passes.

Pelvic cavity
The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis. Its oblique roof is the pelvic inlet (the superior opening of the pelvis). Its lower boundary is the pelvic floor.

The pelvic cavity primarily contains the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, distal ureters, proximal urethra, terminal sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal. In females, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and upper vagina occupy the area between the other viscera.

The rectum is located at the back of the pelvis, in the curve of the sacrum and coccyx; the bladder is in front, behind the pubic symphysis. The pelvic cavity also contains major arteries, veins, muscles, and nerves. These structures coexist in a crowded space, and disorders of one pelvic component may impact upon another; for example, constipation may overload the rectum and compress the urinary bladder, or childbirth might damage the pudendal nerves and later lead to anal weakness.
Graham Steadman
Graham Steadman (born 8 December 1961) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and Yorkshire, and at club level for York Wasps, Featherstone Rovers, Gold Coast-Tweed Giants and Castleford, as a goal-kicking fullback or stand-off, and coached at club level for the Castleford Tigers.

He is the head coach of Newcastle Thunder and an assistant coach at York Knights.

York Wasps
The York Wasps (known simply as York from 1868 to 1989, Ryedale-York from 1989 to 1996 and York Wasps from 1996 to 2002) was an English professional rugby league club based in York. At the start of the 2002 season, the club was dissolved. A new club, York City Knights was established to take the Wasps' place for the 2003 season.
U7 small nuclear RNA
The U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA) is an RNA molecule and a component of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (U7 snRNP). The U7 snRNA is required for histone pre-mRNA processing.

The 5' end of the U7 snRNA binds the HDE (histone downstream element), a conserved purine-rich region, located 15 nucleotides downstream the histone mRNA cleavage site.  The binding of the HDE region by the U7 snRNA, through complementary base-pairing, is an important step for the future recruitment of cleavage factors during histone pre-mRNA processing.

Histone 3′ UTR stem-loop
The histone 3′ UTR stem-loop is an RNA element involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of the histone mRNAs, and in the regulation of stability and of translation efficiency in the cytoplasm.  The mRNAs of metazoan histone genes lack polyadenylation and a poly-A tail, instead 3′ end processing occurs at a site between this highly conserved stem-loop and a purine rich region around 20 nucleotides downstream (the histone downstream element, or HDE).  The stem-loop is bound by a 31 kDa stem-loop binding protein (SLBP - also termed the histone hairpin binding protein, or HBP).  Together with U7 snRNA binding of the HDE, SLBP binding nucleates the formation of the processing complex.
Don Watson (American football)
Donald Albert Watson (January 6, 1934 – January 7, 2020) was an American college football player and coach. He played college football at Texas  A&M University (1954–1957), where he was one of the "Junction Boys", and later served as the assistant coach at his alma mater from 1965 to 1970. Watson was also the assistant coach at Virginia Tech (1957–1958), University of Houston (1960–1961), Tulane University (1962–1963), and the University South Carolina (1963–1964).

Junction Boys
The Junction Boys were the "survivors" of Texas A&M Aggies football coach Bear Bryant's brutal 10-day summer camp in Junction, Texas, beginning September 1, 1954. The ordeal became the subject of a 2001 book by Jim Dent, The Junction Boys, and a television movie with the same title produced by ESPN, starring Tom Berenger as Bryant.
Gerald Hodges
Gerald Davon Hodges Jr. (born January 17, 1991) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions. He was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round, 120th overall, of the 2013 NFL draft.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Emblem and flag of the Chinese Communist Party
The emblem of the Chinese Communist Party is the hammer and sickle displayed in golden yellow or red. The flag of the Chinese Communist Party is a red flag with a gold party emblem displayed in the canton.

The CCP initially did not have a single official standard flag, instead using various flags from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang. In 1942, the CCP Politburo decreed the establishment of a sole official flag. There were further tweaks in the design between 1982 to 1987. The CCP General Office officially standardized the design of the hammer and sickle in 1996. According to Article 53 of the constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, "the Party emblem and flag are the symbol and sign of the Communist Party of China." The flag is regulated by the "Regulations on the Emblem and Flag of the Communist Party of China", which was adopted by the CCP Central Committee in 2021.

Hammer and sickle
The hammer and sickle (Unicode: U+262D ☭ HAMMER AND SICKLE) is a socialist and communist symbol representing proletarian solidarity between industrial and agricultural workers. It was first adopted during the Russian Revolution at the end of World War I, the hammer representing workers and the sickle representing the peasants.

After World War I (from which Russia withdrew in 1917) and the Russian Civil War, the hammer and sickle became more widely used as a symbol for labor within the Soviet Union (USSR) and for international proletarian unity. It was taken up by many communist movements around the world, some with local variations. The hammer and sickle remains commonplace in Communist states, such as China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam, but also some former Soviet republics following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, such as Belarus and Russia. Some countries have imposed bans on communist symbols, where the display of the hammer and sickle is prohibited.
St Paul's Church, Hyde
St Paul's Church is a Catholic parish church in Hyde, Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. It was built from 1853 to 1854 and designed by Matthew Ellison Hadfield, John Grey Weightman and George Goldie. Architecturally, it is in the Gothic Revival style. It is located on Newman Street, close to the west of Newton for Hyde railway station. In 2013, it was designated a Grade II listed building.

Hyde, Greater Manchester
Hyde is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. The built-up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 35,895 at the 2021 census. The town lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Stockport, 6 miles (10 km) west of Glossop and 6.5 miles (10 km) east of Manchester.