hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot
On the evening of June 15, 2011 in the downtown core of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a riot broke out almost immediately after the conclusion of the Boston Bruins' victory over the Vancouver Canucks in game seven of the Finals of the National Hockey League to win the Stanley Cup.

Nearly 150 people were injured during the incident, including four by stabbing. On the night of the riot, nearly 100 arrests were made by the Vancouver police, including 85 for breach of peace, 8 for public intoxication and 8 for criminal code offenses such as assault and theft. In 2015, four years after the riot, police completed their investigation and recommended final charges against 2 suspects, bringing the total to 887 charges against 301 people. The riot did an estimated $4 million in damage with an extra $5 million being spent on additional staffing costs for prosecuting the rioters.

1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot
49°17′04″N 123°7′29″W﻿ / ﻿49.28444°N 123.12472°W﻿ / 49.28444; -123.12472
The 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup Riot occurred in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on the evening of June 14, 1994, and continued into the following morning. The riot followed Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals in which the Vancouver Canucks lost to the New York Rangers. It was Vancouver's first riot since 1972, when the Rolling Stones American Tour 1972 led to confrontations between the police and 2,000 outside the Pacific Coliseum.
Stephen Wermiel
Stephen J. Wermiel is an American legal scholar, historian, and professor of law at American University Washington College of Law specializing in First Amendment law and the history of the United States Supreme Court. Wermiel has written several biographical books about Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. Alongside Jamie Raskin, Wermiel co-founded the Marshall-Brennan Constitutional Literacy Project.

American University Washington College of Law
The American University Washington College of Law (AUWCL or WCL) is the law school of American University, a private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It is accredited by the American Bar Association.

Begun in 1896, the college was the first law school founded by women, the first with a female dean, and the first to graduate an all-female class.
Edward A. LeLacheur Park
Edward A. LeLacheur Park is a ballpark located on the banks of the Merrimack River in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is home to the UMass Lowell River Hawks baseball team, which competes in the America East Conference at the NCAA Division I level. It was previously home to the minor-league Lowell Spinners, a former New York–Penn League affiliate of the Boston Red Sox.

UMass Lowell River Hawks baseball
The UMass Lowell River Hawks baseball team represents University of Massachusetts Lowell, which is located in Lowell, Massachusetts. The River Hawks are an NCAA Division I college baseball program that competes in the America East Conference. They began competing in Division I in 2014 and joined the America East Conference the same season.

The UMass Lowell River Hawks play all home games at Edward A. LeLacheur Park. Over their two seasons of postseason eligibility in the America East Conference, the River Hawks have played in two America East Tournaments, advancing to the semifinals in 2018 but have yet to play in the NCAA Division I Tournament.

Since the program's inception in 1976, five River Hawks have gone on to play in Major League Baseball, highlighted by 1987 Gold Glove catcher Mike LaValliere. Over the program's 35 seasons, 22 River Hawks have been drafted, including Jack Leathersich who was selected in the fifth round of the 2011 Major League Baseball draft.
Lahore Ring Road
The Lahore Ring Road (Urdu: لاہور رنگ  روڈ) is an 85-kilometer-long (53 mi) controlled-access, orbital highway located in Lahore, Pakistan. It links to the M-2 and M-11 motorways, and the N-5 National Highway while going around the city of Lahore.

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
David West (basketball)
David Moorer West (born August 29, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player who played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the New Orleans Hornets, Indiana Pacers, San Antonio Spurs and Golden State Warriors. He played college basketball for the Xavier Musketeers, earning national college player of the year honors from the Associated Press (AP) and United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) as a senior in 2003. West was a two-time NBA All-Star (2008 and 2009) and a two-time NBA champion (2017 and 2018).

Xavier Musketeers men's basketball
The Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team represents Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. The school's team currently competes in the Big East Conference. Xavier has appeared in the NCAA tournament 30 times, 16 times in the 18 tournaments between 2001 and 2018. On March 11, 2018, Xavier earned its first ever No. 1 seed in the NCAA Tournament. Xavier is also a two-time winner of the NIT, with their most recent championship coming in 2022.

Xavier won four Atlantic 10 tournament championships (1998, 2002, 2004 and 2006). Xavier has won or shared 17 regular season conference championships, while winning 9 conference tournament championships. In addition, they have won one Big East Conference regular season title in 2018. They made the 2023 Big East Championship but lost to the Marquette Golden Eagles.

Xavier has been listed among the top-20 most valuable college basketball teams.
Cromer Lifeboat Station
Cromer Lifeboat Station is located in Cromer, a seaside town located approximately 23 miles (37 km) north of Norwich, on the north-east coast of the English county of Norfolk.

A lifeboat was first placed at Cromer in 1804 by a local committee, being taken over by the Norfolk Shipwreck Association (NSA) in 1823. Management of the station was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in December 1857.

The station comprises two station buildings. A large boathouse, completed in 1999, sits at the end of Cromer Pier, and houses the Tamar-class All-weather lifeboat 16-07 Lester (ON 1287), on station since 2007. A smaller boathouse, built in 1902, and located at the foot of Brunswick Terrace, is home to the D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat Mr Eric Sharpe (Civil Service No.54) (D-868), on station since 2022.

Cromer Pier
Cromer Pier is a Grade II listed seaside pier in the civil parish of Cromer on the north coast of the English county of Norfolk, 25 miles (40 km) due north of the city of Norwich in the United Kingdom. The pier is the home of the Cromer Lifeboat Station and the Pavilion Theatre.
Kilby Correctional Facility
Kilby Correctional Facility is an Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) prison for the state of Alabama, located in Mt. Meigs, an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Alabama, with a capacity to house over 1,400 inmates. A section of the city of Montgomery covers a portion of the prison facility.

Kilby serves as receiving and processing center for all male Alabama state inmates. The current Kilby Correctional Facility warden is Phyllis J. Billups. The Montgomery Women's Facility, an ADOC facility for women, is located behind Kilby.

Alabama Department of Corrections
The Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) is the agency responsible for incarceration of convicted felons in the state of Alabama in the United States. It is headquartered in the Alabama Criminal Justice Center in Montgomery.

Alabama has relatively long mandatory sentencing laws compared to most other states, resulting in a rising prison population stemming from longer prison sentences. It operates the nation's most crowded prison system. In 2015 it housed more than 24,000 inmates in a system designed for 13,318. In 2015 it settled a class-action suit over physical and sexual violence against inmates at the Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women in Wetumpka. The department also spends the least of any state on a per-prisoner basis.

As of 2018, Alabama has the 6th highest incarceration rate under state prison or local jail jurisdiction per 100,000 population in the U.S.
Berlin Committee
The Berlin Committee, later known as the Indian Independence Committee (German: Indisches Unabhängigkeitskomitee) after 1915, was an organisation formed in Germany in 1914 during World War I by Indian students and political activists residing in the country. The purpose of the committee was to promote the cause of Indian Independence. Initially called the Berlin–Indian Committee, the organisation was renamed the Indian Independence Committee  and came to be an integral part of the Hindu–German Conspiracy. Members of the committee included Virendranath Chattopadhyaya (alias Chatto), Chempakaraman Pillai, Dr Jnanendra Das Gupta, and Abinash Bhattacharya.

Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
Virendranath Chattopadhyaya (31 October 1880 – 2 September 1937), also known by his pseudonym Chatto, was a prominent Indian revolutionary who worked to overthrow the British Raj in India using armed force. He created alliances with the Germans during World War I, was part of the Berlin Committee organising Indian students in Europe against the British, and explored actions by the Japanese at the time.

He went to Moscow in 1920 to develop support by the communists for the Indian movement, including among Asians in Moscow who were working on revolutionary movements. He joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He lived in Moscow for several years in the 1930s. Arrested in July 1937 in the Great Purge, Chatto was executed on 2 September 1937. He was the brother of prominent political activist and poet Sarojini Naidu.
Greater Cleveland
The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The six-county Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget consists of Cuyahoga, Ashtabula, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina counties in northeast Ohio, with a total population of 2,185,825. This makes it the 33rd-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the third largest in Ohio.

The metro area is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which, with over 3.7 million people, is the 17th most populous combined statistical area in the nation. Northeast Ohio refers to a larger region that includes Greater Cleveland, as well as metropolitan Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and surrounding rural areas. Greater Cleveland is part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.

Northeast Ohio
Northeast Ohio is a geographic and cultural region that comprises the northeastern counties of the U.S. state of Ohio. Definitions of the region consist of 16 to 23 counties between the southern shore of Lake Erie and the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, home to over 4.5 million people. It is anchored by the metropolitan area of Cleveland, the most populous city in the region with over 372,000 residents in 2020. Other metropolitan centers include Akron, Canton, Mansfield, Sandusky, and Youngstown. Northeast Ohio includes most of the area known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.
Mount St. Joseph University
The Mount St. Joseph University (The Mount) is a private Catholic university in Delhi Township, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1920 by the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati. The university enrolls over 1,800 undergraduate students and approximately 300 graduate students across 48 undergraduate programs, nine associate degrees,  pre-professional and certificate programs, and graduate programs.

Delhi Township, Ohio
Delhi Township (/ˈdɛlhaɪ/ DELL-high) is one of the twelve townships of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States.  The 2020 census found 28,760 people in the township. It is the only Delhi Township statewide.
Awaken (Koncept album)
Awaken is the debut solo studio album of American rapper Koncept released on 12 January 2012 through Soulspazm Records. With music production from J57 and Marco Polo, the album is an 11-track project with guest vocal appearances from Soul Khan, Sene and Royce da 5'9".

Koncept
Keith Michael Whitehead (born October 10, 1985, in Queens, New York City, United States), popularly known by his stage name Koncept, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter. A former employee at Fat Beats, Koncept started out drawing graffiti and also had a short stint as a DJ before he went on to start writing songs and doing freestyles until he released his first EP in 2010 titled Playing Life. In 2012, he had his first break with his debut solo album titled Awaken which featured guest appearances from Soul Khan, Homeboy Sandman, Royce da 5'9" and Sene with production credits from J57 and Marco Polo. In 2015, he collaborated with J57 to release an EP titled The Fuel which had its fair share of positive review from notable magazines including Respect Magazine, DJ Booth, HipHopDX and The Source.
Corona Labs Inc.
Corona Labs Inc., formerly Ansca Mobile, was a software company based in Palo Alto, California, best known for building a 2D game and app development platform. Its most popular product was the Corona SDK, a cross-platform mobile development framework that builds native apps for iOS, Android, Amazon Kindle, Windows Phone, tvOS, Android TV, and Mac and Windows desktops from a single code base. Corona products use the programming language Lua. The company changed hands several times before closing on May 1, 2020.

Solar2D
Solar2D (formerly Corona SDK) is a free and open-source, cross-platform software development kit originally developed by Corona Labs Inc. and now maintained by Vlad Shcherban. Released in late 2009, it allows software programmers to build 2D mobile applications for iOS, Android, and Kindle, desktop applications for Windows, Linux and macOS, and connected TV applications for Apple TV, Fire TV and Android TV.

Solar2D uses integrated Lua layered on top of C++/OpenGL to build graphic applications. The software has two operational modes: the Solar2D Simulator and Solar2D Native. With the Solar2D Simulator, apps are built directly from the Solar2D Simulator. Solar2D Native allows the integration of Lua code and assets within an Xcode or Android Studio project to build apps and include native features.
James Stevenson-Hamilton
James Stevenson-Hamilton (2 October 1867 – 10 December 1957) served from 1902–1946 as the first warden of South Africa's Sabi Nature Reserve, which was expanded under his watch and became Kruger National Park in 1926. The Tsonga people nicknamed him Skukuza because when he arrived at the area of the reserve he "turned everything upside down" with the banning of all hunting in the reserve and the relocation of all the native kraals. Skukuza camp and Skukuza Airport is named in honour of Stevenson-Hamilton, who is regarded as a champion of wildlife Conservation in South Africa.

Skukuza
Skukuza (formerly Reserve, Sabi Bridge and Sikhukhuza), a town in Mpumalanga located 57 km (35 mi) east of Hazyview at the confluence of the N'waswitshaka and Sabie Rivers, is the administrative headquarters of the Kruger National Park.

It is also the largest rest camp of the park. It is South Africa's number one game viewing destination and is the most popular game reserve in the country. It is popular with domestic and foreign tourists alike, as the big five game are in relative abundance when compared to other game reserves in the country. The game reserve is situated in a medium rainfall area (770 mm (30 in) of rainfall per year), on the well-wooded banks of the Sabie and N'waswitshaka rivers of Mpumalanga Province.
Richard Chaplow
Richard David Chaplow (born 2 February 1985) is an English professional football coach and former player who was most recently the head coach of USL Championship side Orange County SC.

Chaplow was a product of the Burnley academy and made his professional debut for the club in April 2003. He joined West Bromwich Albion in 2005. In 2006, Chaplow joined Southampton on loan. He moved to Preston North End in 2008 and had another loan spell with Southampton in 2010 before joining the club permanently a year later. In 2013, Chaplow initially joined Millwall on loan before joining the club permanently. He had a loan spell with Ipswich Town in 2015 before moving to Doncaster Rovers. Chaplow joined Orange County SC in July 2016. He represented his country at youth levels.

In August 2021, Chaplow was named interim head coach of Orange County SC before becoming the permanent head coach in November 2021. He was dismissed from this role in May 2023.

Orange County SC
Orange County Soccer Club is an American soccer team based in the Orange County, California city of Irvine. Founded in 2010 as the Los Angeles Blues, the team currently plays in the Western Conference of the USL Championship, the second tier of the American soccer system.

The team plays its home games at Championship Soccer Stadium, located inside Great Park in Irvine.
Kosmos 1408
Kosmos-1408 (Russian: Космос-1408) was an electronic signals intelligence (ELINT) satellite operated by the Soviet Union. It was launched into low Earth orbit on 16 September 1982 at 14:55 UTC, replacing Kosmos-1378. It operated for around two years before becoming inactive and left in orbit.

The satellite was destroyed in a Russian anti-satellite weapon test on 15 November 2021, resulting in space debris in orbits between 300 and 1,100 km (190 and 680 mi) above Earth. The threat of potential collision with debris caused the crew of the International Space Station (ISS) to take shelter in their escape capsules for the first few passes of the debris cloud, and permanently increased the future risk of a debris collision with the ISS or other satellites.

Anti-satellite weapon
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilized in warfare, a few countries (China, India, Russia, and the United States) have successfully shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force. ASATs have also been used to remove decommissioned satellites.

ASAT roles include: defensive measures against an adversary's space-based and nuclear weapons, a force multiplier for a nuclear first strike, a countermeasure against an adversary's anti-ballistic missile defense (ABM), an asymmetric counter to a technologically superior adversary, and a counter-value weapon.

Use of ASATs generates space debris, which can collide with other satellites and generate more space debris. A cascading multiplication of space debris could cause Earth to suffer from Kessler syndrome.
1917 Bath riots
The 1917 Bath Riots occurred in January 1917 at the Santa Fe Street Bridge between El Paso, Texas, United States, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The riots are known to have been started by Carmelita Torres and lasted from January 28 to January 30 and were sparked by new immigration policies at the El Paso–Juárez Immigration and Naturalization Service office, requiring Mexicans crossing the border to take de-lousing baths and be vaccinated. Reports of nude photographs of women bathers and fear of potential fire from the kerosene baths led Carmelita Torres to refuse to submit to the procedure. Denied a refund of her transport fare, she began yelling at the officials and convinced other riders to join her. After three days, the discontent subsided, but the disinfections of Mexicans at the U.S. border continued for forty years.

Carmelita Torres
Carmelita Torres was a "red-haired Mexican woman" known for starting the 1917 Bath riots on the Mexico–United States border between Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and El Paso, Texas. At the time of the riots, she was 17 years old and working as a maid in the United States.
Fifteen Guinea Special
The Fifteen Guinea Special was the last main-line passenger train to be hauled by steam locomotive power on British Rail on 11 August 1968 before the introduction of a steam ban that started the following day, the extra day added to allow for the movement of locomotive BR Standard Class 7 70013 Oliver Cromwell to Bressingham Steam Museum. It was a special rail tour excursion train organised for the occasion from Liverpool Lime Street via Manchester Victoria to Carlisle and back, and was pulled in turn by four steam locomotives during the four legs of the journey (with two engines sharing the third leg). The last scheduled standard gauge steam-hauled passenger services had run on 3 August 1968 from Preston. Steam continued to be used on the narrow gauge Vale of Rheidol Railway under British Rail, which was subsequently privatised in 1989.

Vale of Rheidol Railway
The Vale of Rheidol Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Cwm Rheidol) is a 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) narrow gauge heritage railway in Ceredigion, Wales, between Aberystwyth and Devil's Bridge; a journey of 11+3⁄4 miles (18.9 km).

It opened in 1902 and, from the withdrawal of main line steam on British Rail in 1968 until privatisation in 1989, it was the sole steam-operated line on the 1948 nationalised British Rail network. It was one of the first parts of British Rail to be privatised. Unlike most other preserved railways in the United Kingdom, the Vale of Rheidol Railway did not have a period of closure between its being part of the national rail system and becoming a heritage railway, and so has operated a continuous service for residents and tourists.
Kvås (municipality)
Kvås is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway.  The 116-square-kilometre (45 sq mi) municipality existed from 1909 until its dissolution in 1963. The municipality lies in what is now the central part of the municipality of Lyngdal. The administrative centre of Kvås was the village of Kvås where Kvås Church is located. Other villages in the Kvås area are Birkeland and Moi.

Lyngdal
Lyngdalⓘ is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Lister. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Alleen. Some of the main villages in Lyngdal include Austad, Byremo, Fleseland, Hæåk, Konsmo, Korshamn, Kvås, Skomrak, Svenevik, and Vivlemo.

The municipal economy centers around wood processing, agriculture, and commerce. Tourism is also central to the community, with the beaches along the Lyngdalsfjorden and Rosfjorden being popular resorts during the summer.

The 643-square-kilometre (248 sq mi) municipality is the 177th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lyngdal is the 107th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,751. The municipality's population density is 17.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (46/sq mi) and its population has increased by 10.4% over the previous 10-year period.
First Military District
The First Military District of the U.S. Army was one of five temporary administrative units of the U.S. War Department that existed in the American South. The district was stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War. It only included Virginia, and was the smallest of the five military districts in terms of size. The district was successively commanded by Brigadier General John Schofield (1867–1868), Colonel George Stoneman (1868–1869) and Brigadier General Edward Canby (1869–1870).

John Schofield
John McAllister Schofield (/ˈskoʊfiːld/; September 29, 1831 – March 4, 1906) was an American soldier who held major commands during the American Civil War. He was appointed U.S. Secretary of War (1868–1869) under President Andrew Johnson and later served as Commanding General of the United States Army (1888–1895).