hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry A. Gleason
Henry Allan Gleason (1882–1975) was an American ecologist, botanist, and taxonomist. He was known for his endorsement of the individualistic or open community concept of ecological succession, and his opposition to Frederic Clements's concept of the climax state of an ecosystem. His ideas were largely dismissed during his working life, leading him to move into plant taxonomy, but found favour late in the twentieth century.

The standard author abbreviation Gleason is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Climax community
In scientific ecology, climax community or climatic climax community is a historic term for a community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession  in the development of vegetation in an area over time, have reached a steady state. This equilibrium was thought to occur because the climax community is composed of species best adapted to average conditions in that area.  The term is sometimes also applied in soil development. Nevertheless, it has been found that a "steady state" is more apparent than real, particularly across long timescales.

The idea of a single climax, which is defined in relation to regional climate, originated with Frederic Clements in the early 1900s. The first analysis of succession as leading to something like a climax was written by Henry Cowles in 1899, but it was Clements who used the term "climax" to describe the idealized endpoint of succession.
QAPF diagram
A QAPF diagram is a doubled-triangle plot diagram used to classify igneous rocks based on their mineralogy. The acronym QAPF stands for "quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, feldspathoid (foid)", which are the four mineral groups used for classification in a QAPF diagram. The percentages (ratios) of the Q, A, P and F groups are normalized, i.e., recalculated so that their sum is 100%.

Feldspathoid
The feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a different structure and much lower silica content. They occur in rare and unusual types of igneous rocks, and are usually not found in rocks containing primary quartz. A notable exception where feldspathoids and quartz-bearing rocks are found together is the Red Hill Syenite.

Foid, a contraction of the term feldspathoid, is applied to any igneous rock containing up to 60% modal feldspathoid minerals. For example, a syenite with significant nepheline present can be termed a nepheline-bearing syenite or nepheline syenite, with the term nepheline replaceable by any foid mineral. Such terminology is used in the Streckeisen (QAPF) classification of igneous rocks.
State Property (group)
State Property is a hip hop group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, led by rapper Beanie Sigel with fellow Philadelphia rappers Freeway, Peedi Crakk, Oschino Vasquez, and Omillio Sparks, and the duo Young Gunz (Young Chris and Neef Buck). Formed in 2000, they signed with Jay-Z's Roc-A-Fella Records to release two studio albums: their eponymous debut album (2002) and The Chain Gang Vol. 2 (2003), both of which saw critical and commercial success. The former album accompanied the namesake film in which the group starred, while its sequel was released in 2005 and mainly starred Sigel. Each member was dropped from the label in late 2007, leaving the future of the group in question.

State Property (film)
State Property is a 2002 American crime film starring Beanie Sigel, Memphis Bleek, Damon Dash and Jay-Z. It was produced by Jay-Z's Roc-A-Fella and distributed by Lions Gate Films. Abdul Malik Abbott directed the film and co-wrote its screenplay with Ernest "Tron" Anderson. The film was loosely based on Aaron Jones and the Junior Black Mafia (JBM), who participated in Philadelphia's drug trade from the late 1980s to early 1990s. Film critic reviews were generally mixed to negative. It was followed by a sequel, State Property 2 which was released in 2005.
Stuck-at fault
A stuck-at fault is a particular fault model used by fault simulators and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tools to mimic a manufacturing defect within an integrated circuit. Individual signals and pins are assumed to be stuck at Logical '1', '0' and 'X'.  For example, an input is tied to a logical 1 state during test generation to assure that a manufacturing defect with that type of behavior can be found with a specific test pattern. Likewise the input could be tied to a logical 0 to model the behavior of a defective circuit that cannot switch its output pin. Not all faults can be analyzed using the stuck-at fault model. Compensation for static hazards, namely branching signals, can render a circuit untestable using this model.  Also, redundant circuits cannot be tested using this model, since by design there is no change in any output as a result of a single fault.

Fault model
A fault model is an engineering model of something that could go wrong in the construction or operation of a piece of equipment.  From the model, the designer or user can then predict the consequences of this particular fault.  Fault models can be used in almost all branches of engineering.
Montebello Mosaics
The Montebello Mosaics refers to a set of two surviving Roman mosaics from the Hadrianic and Antonine era (118-150 AD), that were discovered in 1892 around Prima Porta, along the Via Flaminia. One consisting of an imitation Egyptian art, and another depicting Medusa, they both were acquired by American collectors at the turn of the 20th century, with the former now on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the latter in the Courtyard of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.

Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts, which houses significant examples of European, Asian, and American art. Its collection includes paintings, sculpture, tapestries, and decorative arts. It was founded by Isabella Stewart Gardner, whose will called for her art collection to be permanently exhibited "for the education and enjoyment of the public forever."

The museum opened in 1903. An auxiliary wing designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano, adjacent to the original structure near the Back Bay Fens, was completed in 2012.

In 1990, thirteen of the museum's works were stolen; the crime remains unsolved, and the works, valued at an estimated $500 million, have not been recovered.
The Limestone Press
The Limestone Press is a one-man publishing house, established in 1972 by historian Richard Pierce (1918–2004). Pierce lived and worked at that time in Kingston, Ontario, and he chose the name from the nickname of Kingston, the “Limestone City”, which has its origins in its many limestone buildings. He published mainly books on Alaska’s history, mostly concerning its Russian era, but also on Ukrainian and African and other topics, as well as books dealing with Kingston's history.

It is unclear whether The Limestone Press will publish any new works, since Pierce died in 2004. The remaining back catalogue is being distributed by the University of Alaska Press.

Richard Pierce (historian)
Richard Austin Pierce (July 26, 1918, Manteca, California – September 14, 2004, Kingston, Ontario) was an American historian and publisher who specialized in the Russian era of Alaska's history. He was involved in the publishing of more than 60 volumes on Alaska's history, in the capacity of author, translator, editor and publisher, and was considered one of the foremost authorities on Russian America.
Lower Cape May Regional High School
The Lower Cape May Regional High School (LCMRHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school located in Lower Township, in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Lower Cape May Regional School District. LCMRHS serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from four communities in Cape May County as part of the Lower Cape May Regional School District, which includes Lower Township, Cape May, West Cape May, and Cape May Point; students from Cape May Point attend the district as part of a sending/receiving relationship.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 723 students and 61.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.8:1. There were 238 students (32.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 59 (8.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Lower Cape May Regional School District
The Lower Cape May Regional School District (LCMR School District) is regional public school district headquartered in Lower Township, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, that serves students in seventh through twelfth grades from four communities in Cape May County, including Cape May City, Lower Township and West Cape May, with students from Cape May Point attending as part of a sending/receiving relationship.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 1,225 students and 106.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "B", the second lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Grumpy Cat
Tardar Sauce (April 4, 2012 – May 14, 2019), nicknamed Grumpy Cat, was an American internet celebrity cat. She was known for her permanently "grumpy" facial appearance, which was caused by an underbite and feline dwarfism. She came to prominence when a photograph of her was posted on September 22, 2012, on social news website Reddit by Bryan Bundesen, the brother of her owner Tabatha Bundesen. "Lolcats" and parodies created from the photograph by Reddit users became popular. She was the subject of a popular Internet meme in which humorously negative, cynical images were made from photographs of her.

As of June 3, 2023, Grumpy Cat had 8.3 million total likes on Facebook, 2.5 million followers on Instagram 1.3 million followers on Twitter and 275,000 subscribers on YouTube.

Dwarf cat
A dwarf cat (sometimes nicknamed a sausage cat) is a domestic cat with dwarfism due to rare genetic mutations that cause a disproportionate feline body. The mutation usually leads to significant health problems. Unlike undersized cats of normal proportions, dwarf cats suffer from the genetic mutations osteochondrodysplasia and achondroplasia (a form of osteochondrodysplasia). These genetic disorders of bone and cartilage are typically manifested as abnormal bone shape, poor growth or lack of growth, bowing of the limbs to the side – front legs are more likely to be affected, and spinal malformations.

The breeding of dwarf cats is prohibited in several countries and states, due to the animal’s welfare concerns. Furthermore, except for TICA, all  major cat registries neither recognize nor allow crossbreeding with dwarf cats.
Roc Oil Company
Roc Oil Company Limited is a petroleum company based in Sydney, Australia. It was established in 1997 as a privately owned company by John Doran. In 1999, the company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, and in 2004, was listed on the Alternative Investment Market in London, becoming a cross-listed company. In 2008, Roc Oil merged with Anzon Australia, and in 2014 it was acquired by Fosun International.

Roc has of had oil production facilities in Mauritania, Angola, Malaysia, and China, and in 2013 produced 2.7 million barrels of oil or equivalent products.

Fosun International
Fosun International Limited is a Chinese multinational conglomerate holding company. Founded in 1992 by Guo Guangchang and four others, the company is headquartered in Shanghai and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 2004. Its Co-CEOs are Chen Qiyu and Xu Xiaoliang. Wang Qunbin joined Guo Guangchang as co-chairman in early 2020. The company is located in over 35 countries and is one of the largest privately owned conglomerates in China. It was ranked 371st on the Forbes Global 2000 ranking in 2020.
Air Arabia Abu Dhabi
Air Arabia Abu Dhabi is an Emirati low-cost airline. It was established in October 2019 through an independent joint-venture agreement between Etihad Aviation Group and Air Arabia to expand into the growing low-cost market, it launched operations in July 2020. The airline is based in Zayed International Airport in Abu Dhabi.

Zayed International Airport
Zayed International Airport (Arabic: مطار زايد الدولي; IATA: AUH, ICAO: OMAA), also known as Abu Dhabi International Airport, is the primary international airport serving Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is the second busiest airport in the UAE after Dubai International Airport, one of the busiest airports in the Middle East and is the hub for Etihad Airways as well as an operating base for Air Arabia Abu Dhabi.

The airport is located 16.5 nautical miles (30.6 km; 19.0 mi) east of Abu Dhabi, and covers an area of 15,000 acres (6,000 ha). The airport is served by 24 airlines which fly to 128 destinations. The airport was renamed to Zayed International Airport on 9 February 2024 after Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the UAE's founding father and first President.
Moderata Fonte
Moderata Fonte, directly translating to Modest Well, is a pseudonym of Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi (or Zorzi), also known as Modesto Pozzo (or Modesta, feminization of Modesto),  (1555–1592) a Venetian writer and poet.  Besides the posthumously-published dialogues, Giustizia delle donne and Il merito delle donne (gathered in The Worth of Women, 1600), for which she is best known, she wrote a romance and religious poetry. Details of her life are known from the biography by Giovanni Niccolò Doglioni (1548-1629), her uncle, included as a preface to the dialogue.

The Worth of Women
Il merito delle donne, most commonly translated The Worth of Women: Wherein is Clearly Revealed Their Nobility and Their Superiority to Men, is a dialogue by Moderata Fonte first published posthumously in 1600. The work is a dialogue between seven Venetian women discussing the worth of women and the differences between the sexes more generally. The title has also been translated The Merits of Women.
Pleistocene wolf
During the Pleistocene, wolves were widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. Some Pleistocene wolves, such as Beringian wolves and those from Japan, exhibited large body size in comparison to modern gray wolf populations. Genetic analysis of the remains of Late Pleistocene wolves suggest that across their range populations of wolves maintained considerable gene flow between each other and thus there was limited genetic divergence between them. Modern wolves mostly draw their ancestry from some Siberian populations of Late Pleistocene gray wolves, which largely replaced other gray wolf populations after the Last Glacial Maximum.

Paleolithic dog
Purported remains of Paleolithic dogs have been reported from several European archaeological sites dating to over 30,000 years ago. Their status as domesticated is highly controversial, with some authors suggesting them to be the ancestors of the domestic dog or an extinct, morphologically and genetically divergent wolf population.
Nate Blasdell
Nathan Charles Blasdell (born September 26, 1994) is an American musician, songwriter, composer and businessman. He is the former lead guitarist for the experimental band, I Set My Friends on Fire, and currently runs Motorsports management agency, Snow Belt Management, with Buffalo Bills running back, Antonio Williams, and the father of NASCAR driver, Joe Graf Jr. He was previously a guitarist for the post-hardcore experimental rock band The Bunny the Bear from 2013 to 2015.

I Set My Friends on Fire
I Set My Friends on Fire (often abbreviated as ISMFOF) is a post-hardcore band from Miami, Florida. The band was formed in 2007 by Matt Mehana and Nabil Moo. The group signed with Epitaph Records before releasing their debut album, You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter, in 2008. Drummer Chris Lent joined the band in 2009. The group's second album, Astral Rejection, was scheduled to be released on June 22, 2010, but it was shelved for a year by Epitaph. Moo left the band in 2010, then Lent left the band. The group's third album, Caterpillar Sex, was announced in 2013 but has never seen a release.
181st Intelligence Wing
The 181st Intelligence Wing is a unit of the Indiana Air National Guard, stationed at Terre Haute Air National Guard Base, Indiana. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency.

The Wing's 113th Air Support Operations Squadron is a descendant organization of the World War I 113th Aero Squadron, established on 26 August 1917. It was reformed on 1 August 1921, as the 113th Observation Squadron, and is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.

Terre Haute Regional Airport
Terre Haute Regional Airport (IATA: HUF, ICAO: KHUF, FAA LID: HUF) is a civil-military public airport in Terre Haute, in Vigo County, Indiana, six miles (9.7 km) east of the city center. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility. It is also the location of Hulman Field Air National Guard Base of the Indiana Air National Guard.
Mine Would Be You
"Mine Would Be You" is a song written by Jessi Alexander, Connie Harrington, and Deric Ruttan and recorded by American country music artist Blake Shelton. It was released in July 2013 as the third single from Shelton's 2013 album Based on a True Story…. The song reached number one the US Billboard Country Airplay chart.

Jessi Alexander
Jessica Leigh Alexander-Stewart (née Alexander; born November 18, 1976) is an American country music singer-songwriter. A four-time Grammy Award nominee, she won both the Country Music Association Award for Song of the Year and the Academy of Country Music Award for Song of the Year for co-writing Lee Brice's 2012 single "I Drive Your Truck". In 2025, she received her first nomination for the Grammy Award for Songwriter of the Year, Non-Classical for her work on releases by Luke Combs, Dustin Lynch, Jelly Roll, Cody Johnson, Megan Moroney, Conner Smith, and Hailey Whitters.
Baby Love (Regina song)
"Baby Love" is a song by American singer Regina from the album Curiosity. The single topped the US dance chart for two weeks in mid-1986. The single crossed over to the pop singles chart, where it peaked at number 10 on US Billboard Hot 100 and at number 30 on the Billboard Soul Singles chart. "Baby Love" would be her only single to chart on both the Pop and Soul Singles charts, but several follow up singles charted on the dance chart.

Regina (American singer)
Regina Marie Cuttita, also known as Regina Richards or simply Regina, is an American  singer born in Brooklyn, New York. She began her career in the late 1970s as the frontwoman of the new wave band Regina Richards and Red Hot. She is perhaps best known for the hit single "Baby Love", which reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1986. "Baby Love" was her only song to chart on the Hot 100, making her a one-hit wonder. The song also reached number 50 on the UK Singles Chart that same year.
Juliana Stratton
Juliana Stratton (née Wiggins; born September 8, 1965) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the 48th lieutenant governor of Illinois since 2019. A progressive member of the Democratic Party, she was elected in 2018 and 2022 on a ticket with Governor JB Pritzker.

Stratton previously served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 2017 to 2019. She is the first African-American woman to serve as lieutenant governor of Illinois. She is running in the Democratic primary for the 2026 United States Senate election in Illinois.

2026 United States Senate election in Illinois
The 2026 United States Senate election in Illinois will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Illinois. Incumbent Democratic Senator Dick Durbin, who was re-elected in 2020 with 54.9% of the vote, has declined to seek a sixth term in office. This will be the first open Senate seat race in Illinois since 2010 and the first for this Class II seat since 1996, when Durbin was first elected. Primary elections will be held on March 17, 2026.
Node B
Node B is the telecommunications node for mobile communication networks, namely those that adhere to the UMTS standard. The Node B provides the connection between mobile phones (UEs) and the wider telephone network. UMTS is the dominating 3G standard.

Node B corresponds to BTS (base transceiver station) in GSM.

Radio Network Controller
The Radio Network Controller (RNC) is a governing element in the UMTS radio access network (UTRAN) and is responsible for controlling the Node Bs that are connected to it.  The RNC carries out radio resource management, some of the mobility management functions and is the point where encryption is done before user data is sent to and from the mobile. The RNC connects to the Circuit Switched Core Network through Media Gateway (MGW) and to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) in the Packet Switched Core Network.
Makar
A makar ( /ˈmækər/ ⓘ) is a term from Scottish literature for a poet or bard, often thought of as a royal court poet.

Since the 19th century, the term The Makars has been specifically used to refer to a number of poets of fifteenth and sixteenth century Scotland, in particular Robert Henryson, William Dunbar and Gavin Douglas, who wrote a diverse genre of works in Middle Scots in the period of the Northern Renaissance.

The Makars have often been referred to by literary critics as Scots Chaucerians. In modern usage, poets of the Scots revival in the 18th century, such as Allan Ramsay and Robert Fergusson are also makars.

Since 2002, the term "makar" has been revived as the name for a publicly funded poet, first in Edinburgh, followed by the cities of Glasgow, Stirling and Dundee. In 2004 the position of Makar, was authorized by the Scottish Parliament.

Robert Fergusson
Robert Fergusson (5 September 1750 – 17 October 1774) was a Scottish poet. After formal education at the University of St Andrews, Fergusson led a bohemian life in Edinburgh, the city of his birth, then at the height of intellectual and cultural ferment as part of the Scottish Enlightenment. Many of his extant poems were printed from 1771 onwards in Walter Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine, and a collected works was first published early in 1773. Despite a short life, his career was highly influential, especially through its impact on Robert Burns. He wrote both Scottish English and the Scots language, and it is his vivid and masterly writing in the latter leid for which he is principally acclaimed.
Ōpōtiki District
Ōpōtiki District is a territorial authority district in the eastern Bay of Plenty Region on the North Island of New Zealand. It stretches from Kutarere and the eastern shore of Ōhiwa Harbour in the west to Cape Runaway in the north-east, and south from Ōpōtiki town up the Waioeka River into the Raukumara Range. Ōpōtiki District Council is headquartered in Ōpōtiki, the largest town.

The district has an area of 3101 square kilometres, of which 3090 square kilometres are land. The population was 10,300 as of June 2025.

Kutarere
Kutarere is a community in the Ōpōtiki District and Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island, on the coast of the Ōhiwa Harbour.

Following the European settlement of the Ōpōtiki township, Kutarere became a port for incoming goods until October 1959.

A photograph of Kutarere by Brian Brake, taken in the 1980s, is held in the collections in Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.