hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyclic ADP-ribose
Cyclic ADP-ribose, frequently abbreviated as cADPR, is a cyclic adenine nucleotide (like cAMP) with two phosphate groups present on 5' OH of the adenosine (like ADP), further connected to another ribose at the 5' position, which, in turn, closes the cycle by glycosidic bonding to the nitrogen 1 (N1) of the same adenine base (whose position N9 has the glycosidic bond to the other ribose). The N1-glycosidic bond to adenine is what distinguishes cADPR from ADP-ribose (ADPR), the non-cyclic analog. cADPR is produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by ADP-ribosyl cyclases (EC 3.2.2.5) as part of a second messenger system.

Adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by the CD38 enzyme using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor.

ADPR binds to and activates the TRPM2 ion channel. ADPR is the most potent agonist of the TRPM2 channel. cADPR also binds to TPRM2, and the action of both molecules is synergistic, with both molecules enhancing the action of the other molecule in activating  the TRPM2 channel. Researchers are not sure how the Adenosine diphosphate reacts with the TRPM2 channel, but the ribose sugar may play a role in activating the TRPM2 ion channel.

Researchers believe that co-targeting DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 does not promote apoptosis or mitotic catastrophe of cancer cells after radiation.
Mulgrave Shire Council Chambers
Mulgrave Shire Council Chambers is a heritage-listed former town hall at 51 The Esplanade, Cairns City, Cairns, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Charles Dalton Lynch & Walter Hunt and built from 1912 to 1913 by Wilson & Baillie. It is also known as Cairns Shire Offices. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 January 1999.

Cairns City
Cairns City is a coastal suburb at the centre of Cairns in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as the Cairns Central Business District (CBD). In the 2021 census, Cairns City had a population of 3,616 people.
Nupe language
Nupe (also known as Anufe, Nupenci, Nyinfe, and Tapa) is a Volta–Niger language of the Nupoid branch primarily spoken by the Nupe people of the North Central region of Nigeria. Its geographical distribution stretches and maintains preeminence in Niger State as well as Kwara, Kogi, Nasarawa and the Federal Capital Territory. Nupe is closely related to Kakanda in structure and vocabulary. There are at least two markedly different dialects of Nupe: Nupe central and Nupe Tako.

Nupoid languages
The Nupoid languages are a branch of Volta–Niger spoken in west-central Nigeria, particularly in southeastern Niger State and northern Kogi State. They include the Nupe, and Ebira languages, each with about 4 million speakers. Most Nupoid languages have 3 level tones.
Madonna del Sacco (Perugino)
Madonna del Sacco (literally Madonna of the Bag) is an oil on panel painting by Perugino, dating to around 1495–1500. It shows the Madonna and Child with the infant John the Baptist and an angel. It is now in the Galleria Palatina in Florence.

The figure of Mary is stylistically close to that in the Madonna and Child and the Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece, painted around the same time. She is modelled on Perugino's wife Chiara Fancelli.

Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece
The Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece was an oil on panel altarpiece by Pietro Perugino. It dates to around 1496 to 1500; three of the original six panels are now in the National Gallery, London. The central panel is an adaptation of the artist's Madonna del Sacco.
Cobourg
Cobourg (/ˈkoʊbɜːrɡ/ KOH-burg) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Southern Ontario 95 km (59 mi) east of Toronto and 62 km (39 mi) east of Oshawa. It is the largest town in and seat of Northumberland County. Its nearest neighbour is Port Hope, 7 km (4 mi) to the west. It is located along Highway 401 (exits 472 and 474) and the former Highway 2 (now Northumberland County Road 2). To the south, Cobourg borders Lake Ontario. To the north, east and west, it is surrounded by Hamilton Township.

Hamilton Township, Ontario
Hamilton Township is a rural township located in Northumberland County in central Ontario. It surrounds the Town of Cobourg.

The township was named after Henry Hamilton, Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec from 1782 to 1785.
Lapland longspur
The Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus), also known as the Lapland bunting, is a passerine bird in the longspur family Calcariidae.  It is a circumpolar arctic breeder and the only member of the genus Calcarius present in Eurasia.

Longspur
The longspurs, genus Calcarius, are a group of birds in the family Calcariidae. The name refers to the long claw on the hind toe of each foot. The genus formerly included the thick-billed longspur, Rhyncophanes mccownii, which is now placed in a separate genus.
Bank of Madras
The Bank of Madras was one of the three Presidency Banks of British India, along with the Bank of Bengal and the Bank of Bombay. It was established on 1 July 1843 through the amalgamation of a number of existing regional banks and headquartered in Madras (now Chennai). It was merged with the other Presidency banks in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which later became the State Bank of India.

Imperial Bank of India
The Imperial Bank of India (IBI) was one of the oldest and the largest commercial banks in India, and was subsequently renamed and nationalised as the State Bank of India in 1955. Initially, as per its royal charter, it acted as the central bank for India prior to the formation of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 1935.
Camden and Burlington County Railroad
The Camden and Burlington County Railroad was a railway company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1866, replacing the Camden, Moorestown, Hainesport and Mount Holly Horse Car Railroad and the Burlington County Railroad. The Camden and Burlington County Railroad extended its network by building from Mount Holly, New Jersey, to Pavonia, in the vicinity of Camden, New Jersey. The Camden and Amboy Railroad leased the company in 1867; this was assumed by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1872. The Camden and Burlington County Railroad was consolidated with the Mount Holly, Lumberton and Medford Railroad and Vincentown Branch of the Burlington County Railroad in 1915 to form the Camden and Burlington County Railway. Of its lines, part of the Pemberton Branch remains.

Vincentown Branch of the Burlington County Railroad
The Vincentown Branch of the Burlington County Railroad was a railway company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1861 and opened its line in 1864. It was leased in succession by the Burlington County Railroad, Camden and Burlington County Railroad, Camden and Amboy Railroad, and Pennsylvania Railroad. The company was consolidated with the Camden and Burlington County Railroad and Mount Holly, Lumberton and Medford Railroad in 1915 to form the Camden and Burlington County Railway. The Vincentown Branch was abandoned in 1927.
Adams County, Indiana
Adams County lies in northeastern Indiana in the United States and shares its eastern border with Ohio. It was officially established in 1836. The county seat is Decatur. According to the 2020 census, its population was 35,809, an increase of 4.1% from 34,387 in 2010. The county has four incorporated cities and towns with a total population of over 15,000, as well as many small unincorporated communities. The county is divided into 12 townships which provide local services. There are four Indiana state roads in the county, as well as three U.S. Routes and one railroad line. In 2017, about a quarter of the county's population (estimated 8,600) was Swiss Amish that settled in the Southern half of the county around Berne.

Decatur, Indiana
Decatur is a city in Root and Washington townships, Adams County, Indiana, United States. It is the county seat (and the largest community) of Adams County. Decatur is home to Adams Memorial Hospital, which was designated as one of the "Top 100" Critical Access Hospitals in the United States. The population of Decatur was 9,913 at the 2020 census, up from 9,405 at the 2010 census.
Yule cat
The Yule cat (Icelandic: Jólakötturinn, IPA: [ˈjouːlaˌkʰœhtʏrɪn], also called Jólaköttur and the Christmas cat) is a mythical cat in Icelandic Christmas folklore. It is said to be huge, vicious, to lurk in the snowy countryside during the Christmas season, and to eat people who do not receive new clothing before Christmas Eve. In other versions of the story, the cat only eats the food of the people who had not received new clothing. Jólakötturinn is closely associated with other figures from Icelandic folklore, considered the pet of the ogress Grýla and her sons, the Yule Lads.

Grýla
In Icelandic folklore, Grýla is a monstrous entity who lives in the wilderness of Iceland. The name Grýla is first attested in medieval sources. The earliest unambiguous references to Grýla's gender and her association with Christmas, though, date only from the 17th century. In 17th-century poems about Grýla, she is generally represented as a hideous and greedy troll-like crone, who wanders between human settlements and demands charity from those she encounters, often asking for naughty children. Modern depictions of Grýla tend to focus more strongly on her role as the mother of the Yule Lads (Icelandic: jólasveinar). Today, the most monstrous aspects of her character and appearance (such as her appetite for children) are generally toned down for younger audiences.
Saifuddin Kitchlew
Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew (15 January 1888 – 9 October 1963) was an Indian independence activist, barrister, politician and later a leader of the peace movement. A member of Indian National Congress, he first became Punjab Provincial Congress Committee (Punjab PCC) head and later the General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee in 1924. He is most remembered for the protests in Punjab after the implementation of Rowlatt Act in March 1919, after which on 10 April, he and another leader Satyapal, were secretly sent to Dharamsala. A public protest rally against their arrest and that of Gandhi, on 13 April 1919 at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, led to the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre. He was also a founding member of Jamia Millia Islamia. He was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize (now known as Lenin Peace Prize) in 1952.

Rowlatt Act
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a law, applied during the British India period. It was a legislative council act hurriedly passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 18 March 1919, despite the united opposition of its Indian members, indefinitely extending the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, imprisonment without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defence of India Act 1915 during the First World War. It was enacted in the light of a perceived threat from revolutionary nationalists of re-engaging in similar conspiracies as had occurred during the war which the Government felt the lapse of the Defence of India Act would enable.: 137
Indore–MCTM Udhampur Weekly Superfast Express
The 22941 / 22942 Indore-MCTM Udhampur Weekly Superfast Express is a superfast train of the Indian Railways which runs between Indore Junction of Madhya Pradesh and MCTM Udhampur  of Jammu and Kashmir. The train is the second train between Indore and Jammu after Malwa Express.

Malwa Express
The 12919 / 12920 Malwa Express is a superfast express train service of the Indian Railways connecting Dr. Ambedkar Nagar of Madhya Pradesh and Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra of Jammu and Kashmir. It is currently being operated with 12919/12920 train numbers on a daily basis.

The name Malwa signifies the region of Madhya Pradesh where the city of Indore is located.
Johnny Hart
John Lewis Hart (February 18, 1931 – April 7, 2007) was an American cartoonist noted as the creator of the comic strips B.C. and The Wizard of Id. Brant Parker co-produced and illustrated The Wizard of Id. Hart was recognized with several awards, including the Swedish Adamson Award and five from the National Cartoonists Society. In his later years, he was known (and sometimes criticized) for incorporating Christian themes and messages into his strips and seeming to denigrate other religions. Hart was referred to by Chuck Colson in a Breakpoint column as "the most widely read Christian of our time", over C. S. Lewis, Frank E. Peretti, and Billy Graham.

Brant Parker
Brant Julian Parker (August 26, 1920 – April 15, 2007) was an American cartoonist. He co-created and drew The Wizard of Id comic strip until passing the job on to his son, Jeff Parker, in 1997. Cartoonist Johnny Hart, his co-creator, continued writing the strip until his death on April 7, 2007. Parker himself died eight days later, on April 15.
English Freakbeat series
The English Freakbeat series is a group of five compilation albums, released in the late 1980s, that were issued by AIP Records. The LPs featured recordings that were released in the mid-1960s by English rock bands in the early punk, proto-punk, R&B, mod, and beat genres.  The series served as a follow-up to the Pebbles, Volume 6 LP, itself subtitled The Roots of Mod, which was the only album in the Pebbles series that was devoted to English music.  When the English Freakbeat series was reissued as CDs in the 1990s, the Pebbles, Volume 6 LP was adapted into the English Freakbeat, Volume 6 CD.

Pebbles, Volume 6 (1979 album)
Pebbles, Volume 6 is a compilation album among the LPs in the Pebbles series. Subtitled The Roots of Mod, Volume 6 is the only album in the Pebbles series that features primarily British music. The Pebbles, Volume 6 CD is not at all related to this LP; instead, the CD featuring the songs on this LP was released as English Freakbeat, Volume 6.
Blackleg Miner
"Blackleg Miner" is a 19th-century English folk song, originally from Northumberland (as can be deduced from the dialect in the song and the references in it to the villages of Seghill and Seaton Delaval). Its Roud number is 3193.  The song is one of the most controversial English folk songs owing to its depiction of violence against strikebreakers.

Strikebreaker
A strikebreaker (sometimes pejoratively called a scab, blackleg, bootlicker, blackguard or knobstick) is a person who works despite an ongoing strike. Strikebreakers may be current employees (union members or not), or new hires to keep the organization running (hired after or during the strike). In continuing to work, or taking jobs at a workplace under current strike, strikebreakers are said to "cross picket lines".

Some countries have passed laws outlawing strikebreakers to give more power to trade unions, while other countries have passed right-to-work laws which protect strikebreakers.
Whalebone (horse)
Whalebone (1807 – 6 February 1831) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1810 Epsom Derby and was a successful sire of racehorses and broodmares in the 1820s. Whalebone and his full-brother Whisker were produced by the prolific and important broodmare Penelope, and they contributed to the perpetuation of the genetic line (tail-male) of their sire Waxy and grandsire Eclipse into the 20th century. Whalebone raced until he was six years old and was retired to stud at Petworth in 1815. Whalebone sired the Derby winners Lap-dog, Spaniel and may have been the sire of Moses. Other notable sons are Sir Hercules and Camel, the sire of Touchstone. Whalebone died in 1831 at the age of 24 of hemorrhage after covering a mare.

Lap-dog (horse)
Lap-dog (1823–1838) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. His racing career consisted of a single season, 1826, during which he ran eight times. After finishing unplaced on his racecourse debut, Lap-dog won his next four races including The Derby. He was retired to stud at the end of the year, but had little success as a sire of winners in England and was later exported to the United States. His name appeared in variations including Lapdog, Lap Dog and The Lap Dog.
National Monuments Council (South Africa and Namibia)
The National Monuments Council  (NMC) was the national heritage conservation authority of South Africa, and therefore also of Namibia, during the major part of the apartheid era. It was the successor body to the Historical Monuments Commission and became known principally for its declaration of several thousand national monuments. It came into being through the promulgation of the National Monuments Act of 1969 and ceased to exist on 31 March 2000 when it was replaced by SAHRA and the provincial heritage resources authorities established in terms of the National Heritage Resources Act of 1999.

South African Heritage Resources Agency
The South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) is the national administrative body responsible for the protection of South Africa's cultural heritage. It implements a three-tier system of heritage management, in which heritage resources are managed at the national, provincial, and local levels.

SAHRA is tasked with establishing and maintaining a national inventory of heritage resources, known as the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS), and also manages a portfolio of 36 state-owned heritage properties. The agency is governed by a council appointed by the Minister of Sport, Arts and Culture.
Credit Union National Association
The Credit Union National Association, commonly known as CUNA (pronounced "Cue-Nuh"), was a national trade association for both state- and federally chartered credit unions located in the United States. CUNA provided member credit unions with trade association services, such as lobbying, regulatory advocacy, professional development, and professional services management. The organization operated out of its headquarters in Washington, D.C., and an operations center in Madison, Wisconsin. CUNA's president and chief executive officer Jim Nussle led the organization since September 2014 and now leads its successor organization, America's Credit Unions.

CUNA was founded at a meeting in Estes Park, Colorado as a replacement for the Credit Union National Extension Bureau. The first director was Roy F. Bergengren.

America's Credit Unions
America's Credit Unions is a national trade association for both state- and federally chartered credit unions located in the United States. It was launched in 2024 as part of the merger between the Credit Union National Association (CUNA) and the National Association of Federally-Insured Credit Unions (NAFCU). Once fully operational in 2025, America's Credit Unions will provide its member credit unions with trade association services, such as lobbying, regulatory advocacy, professional development, and professional services management. The organization is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Chen Guofu
Chen Guofu (traditional Chinese: 陳果夫; simplified Chinese: 陈果夫; pinyin: Chén Guǒfū; Wade–Giles: Chen Kuo-fu; 27 October 1892 – 25 August 1951) was a Chinese politician and revolutionary in the Republic of China. His given name was Zudao (traditional Chinese: 祖燾; simplified Chinese: 祖焘; pinyin: Zǔdào), though he was more widely known as Guofu. With his brother Chen Lifu, he led the CC Clique of the Kuomintang. Compared to his brother, Chen Guofu was considered to have more influence within the Kuomintang.

Chen Lifu
Chen Lifu (traditional Chinese: 陳立夫; simplified Chinese: 陈立夫; pinyin: Chén lì-fū; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Li-fu; 21 August 1900 – 8 February 2001) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was a close advisor of Chiang Kai-shek. With his brother Chen Guofu, he led the CC Clique within the Kuomintang.
Tartu JK Welco
Tartu Jalgpalliklubi Welco is a professional football club based in Tartu, Estonia. The club was founded in 2008 when a group of university students decided to participate in IV liiga South, which is the 6th and lowest tier of the Estonian football pyramid. The first team of JK Welco currently competes in Esiliiga, the second-highest division in Estonian football. The club moved to their current home ground, Holm Park, after its completion in 2023.

Tartu Welco is the largest community-owned football club in Estonia, meaning the club is owned by its players and fans, who make up a general assembly of approximately 150 members. The club also has a reserve team in II Liiga as well as men's and women's amateur teams in lower tiers. Since 2019, the club has cooperated with Tartu Santos, which acts as the club's youth department. Tartu Welco's supporter group is known as Electric Legion and is one of the biggest and most prominent supporter groups in the Estonian club football scene.

Holm Jalgpallipark
Holm Jalgpallipark (English: Holm Football Park) is a football stadium in Tartu, Estonia. Located next to the Estonian National Museum and in the Raadi district, it is the home ground of Tartu JK Welco.

The stadium is named after Welco's primary sponsor Holm Bank.
Hamilton Leithauser
James Hamilton Leithauser (born April 15, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He is the lead vocalist of the American indie rock band The Walkmen, with whom he wrote and recorded seven studio albums from 2000 to 2014. Prior to The Walkmen's formation, Leithauser and bass guitarist and organist, Peter Matthew Bauer, were both members of The Recoys. Leithauser was born and raised in Washington, DC, and has lived in New York City since the 1990s.

Leithauser embarked upon a solo career in 2014, releasing his debut studio album, Black Hours, on June 3, written and recorded alongside his Walkmen bandmate Paul Maroon. In 2016, Leithauser collaborated with former Vampire Weekend multi-instrumentalist Rostam Batmanglij on the studio album I Had a Dream That You Were Mine, under both artists' names. It was released to widespread critical acclaim later that year. His most recent record, This Side of the Island, was released in 2025.

Rostam Batmanglij
Rostam Batmanglij (Persian: رستم باتمانقلیج, IPA: [rosˈtæm bɒːtmɒːŋɢeˈliːdʒ]; born November 28, 1983), known mononymously as Rostam, is an American musician, record producer and songwriter. He was a founding member of the band Vampire Weekend, whose first three albums he produced. He has been described by Stereogum as one of the greatest pop and indie-rock producers of his generation. Rostam also works as a solo artist and is a member of electro-soul group Discovery. He produced his first number-one album, Vampire Weekend's Contra, when he was 26 years old.

Batmanglij has been nominated for three Grammy Awards: twice for Best Alternative Music Album with Vampire Weekend (winning for Modern Vampires of the City) and once for Album of the Year as producer of Haim's Women in Music Pt. III.
Turks in Tunisia
The Turks in Tunisia, also known as Turco-Tunisians and Tunisian Turks, were ethnic Turks who lived in Ottoman Tunisia.

In 1534, with about 10,000 Turkish soldiers, the Ottoman Empire took control and settled in the region when Tunisia's inhabitants called for help due to fears that the Spanish would invade the country.  Thus, during the Ottoman rule, the Turkish community dominated the political life of the region for centuries; as a result, the ethnic mix of Tunisia changed considerably with the continuous migration of Turks from Anatolia, as well as other parts of the Ottoman territories, for over 300 years. In addition, some Turks intermarried with the local population and their male offspring were called "Kouloughlis". Consequently, the terms "Turks" and "Kouloughlis" were used to distinguish between those of full and partial Turkish ancestry.

Kouloughlis
Kouloughlis, also spelled Koulouglis, Cologhlis and Qulaughlis was a term used during the period of Ottoman influence in North Africa that usually designated the mixed offspring of Ottoman officials and janissaries and local women.