hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magennis
Magennis (Irish: Mac Aonghusa), also spelled Maguiness or McGuinness, is an Irish surname, meaning the "son of Angus", which in eastern Ulster was commonly pronounced in Irish as Mag/Mac Aonghusa. A prominent branch of the Uíbh Eachach Cobha, the Magennises would become chiefs of the territory of Iveagh, which by the 16th century comprised over half of modern County Down. By the end of the 17th century, their territory had been divided up between them, the McCartan chiefs and English prospectors.

The four main branches of the Magennis clan were: Castlewellan, Corgary, Kilwarlin, and Rathfriland, between whom there was some rivalry. The Mac Artáin McCartan chiefs of Kinelarty, descend from the same genealogical line as the Magennis clan, through Artán, the son of Faghártagh, the son of Mongán Mac Aonghusa.

McCartan
McCartan is an Irish surname. It is the Anglicized form of Mac Artáin, denoting the son of Artán (diminutive of the personal name Art, an old Irish word for "bear"). They were the Lords of Kinelarty, a barony in the County Down which derives its name from Cenel Faghartaigh (the race/clan of Faghartagh).

The McCartans belonged to the Uí Echach Cobo—of whom Magennis was the chief family—of the Dál nAraidi, who in turn came from the Cruthin tribe who were the first Celts to arrive in Ireland from about 800 to 500 BC. French President Charles de Gaulle is descended from the clan through his great-grandmother Angélique Marie McCartan.

Up until the 1600s, the McCartans were in control of much of mid-Down. The McCartan strongholds included Drumaroad, the adjoining townlands Loughinisland, Drumnaquoile, Magheratimpany, Ardilea, and the neighbouring town of Ballynahinch. The clan were chieftains of the territories of Kinelarty and Dufferin.
Network Systems Corporation
Network Systems Corporation (NSC) was an early manufacturer of high-performance computer networking products.  Founded in 1974, NSC produced hardware products that connected IBM and Control Data Corporation (CDC) mainframe computers to peripherals at remote locations.  NSC also developed and commercialized the HYPERchannel networking system and protocol standards, adopted by Cray Research, Tektronix and others. In the late 1980s, NSC extended HYPERchannel to support the TCP/IP networking protocol and released a product allowing HYPERchannel devices to connect to the emerging Internet.

Control Data Corporation
Control Data Corporation (CDC) was a mainframe and supercomputer company that in the 1960s was one of the nine major U.S. computer companies, which group included IBM, Burroughs Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), NCR Corporation (NCR), General Electric, Honeywell, RCA, and UNIVAC. For most of the 1960s, the strength of CDC was the work of the electrical engineer Seymour Cray who developed a series of fast computers, then considered the fastest computing machines in the world; in the 1970s, Cray left the Control Data Corporation and founded Cray Research (CRI) to design and make supercomputers. In 1988, after much financial loss, the Control Data Corporation began withdrawing from making computers and sold the affiliated companies of CDC; in 1992, CDC established Control Data Systems, Inc. The remaining affiliate companies of CDC do business as the software company Dayforce.
Aladdin Knowledge Systems
Aladdin Knowledge Systems Ltd. was a company that produced software for digital rights management and Internet security. The company was acquired by Safenet Inc, in 2009. Its corporate headquarters are located in Belcamp, Maryland.

SafeNet
SafeNet, Inc. was an information security company based in Belcamp, Maryland, United States, which was acquired in August 2014 by the French security company Gemalto.  Gemalto was, in turn, acquired by Thales Group in 2019.  The former SafeNet's products include solutions for enterprise authentication, data encryption, and key management. SafeNet's software monetization products are sold under the Thales Sentinel brand.

SafeNet was notably one of the largest suppliers of encryption technology to the United States Government.

On 8 August 2014, Gemalto announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire 100% of the share capital of SafeNet from Vector Capital for US$890 million on a debt free/cash free basis. A subsequent acquisition of Gemalto by French rival Thales Group was completed on 2 April 2019.
Church of Notre-Dame de Louviers
The Church of Notre-Dame de Louviers is a parish church located in Louviers, a town in the Eure department. It is a notable example of Gothic church architecture in northern France. The north façade, and, especially the south façade and porch, are some of the best examples of late Flamboyant Gothic architecture in France.

Flamboyant
Flamboyant (from French  flamboyant 'flaming') is a lavishly decorated style of Gothic architecture that appeared in France and Spain in the 15th century, and lasted until the mid-sixteenth century and the beginning of the Renaissance. Elaborate stone tracery covered both the exterior and the interior. Windows were decorated with a characteristic s-shaped curve. Masonry wall space was reduced further as windows grew even larger. Major examples included the northern spire of Chartres Cathedral, Trinity Abbey, Vendôme, and Burgos Cathedral and Segovia Cathedral in Spain. It was gradually replaced by Renaissance architecture in the 16th century.
The Hudson Brothers
The Hudson Brothers were an American musical group formed in Portland, Oregon, consisting of brothers Bill, Brett and Mark Hudson. They were discovered by a record producer while recording music at a local studio, and offered a recording contract. After releasing several garage rock singles in the late 1960s as the New Yorkers, the group began releasing material under the names Everyday Hudson, and Hudson.

They garnered fame as teen idols in the 1970s after their prime-time series debuted as a summer replacement for The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour in 1974. The resulting popularity led to their Saturday-morning half-hour sketch comedy series for CBS, The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show, which ran from 1974 to 1975. They also released several hit singles during this time for producer Bernie Taupin, including "So You Are a Star" (1974), "Rendezvous" (1975), "Lonely School Year" (1975), and "Help Wanted" (1976).

Mark Hudson (musician)
Mark Jeffery Anthony Hudson  (born August 23, 1951) is an American musician, record producer, actor and songwriter based in both Los Angeles and New York City. After first rising to prominence as a performer, songwriter and TV personality in the 1970s as a member of the Hudson Brothers trio, Hudson achieved independent success as record producer and songwriter, working with a broad variety of artists including Cher, Ringo Starr, Aerosmith, Scorpions, Ozzy Osbourne, Hanson, Harry Nilsson and the Baha Men.
Hasan Israilov
Hasan Israilov (Chechen: Исраил КIант Хьасан / Israil Khant Hasan; Russian: Хасан Исраилов Khasan Israilov; 1910 – December 29, 1944) was a Chechen nationalist, guerrilla fighter, journalist, and poet who led Chechen and Ingush resistance and a rebellion against the Soviet Union from 1940 until his death in 1944. Israilov is regarded as one of the most influential Chechen resistance leaders during World War II, and he is considered by many Chechens to be a national hero. His name is also sometimes transliterated to Latin alphabet as Hassan Izrailov.

1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya
The 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya was an autonomous revolt against the Soviet authorities in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Beginning in early 1940 under Hasan Israilov, it peaked in 1942 during the German invasion of North Caucasus and ended in the beginning of 1944 with the wholesale concentration and deportation of the Vainakh peoples (Chechens and Ingushes) from their native lands as well as from the locations across the USSR, resulting in the death of at least 144,000 civilians. However, scattered resistance in the mountains continued for years.
Monument to Chabuca Granda
The Monument to Chabuca Granda (Spanish: Monumento a Chabuca Granda) is a monument made up by a pair of stone statues located at the Plazuela Chabuca Granda in Barranco District, Lima, dedicated to Peruvian singer-songwriter Chabuca Granda. Next to Granda's statue is an equestrian statue of José Antonio de Lavalle y García, the subject of Granda's song José Antonio.

Hermitage of Barranco
The Hermitage of Barranco (Spanish: Ermita de Barranco), formerly known as the Templo de la Santísima Cruz and later as Santísima Cruz de Barranco, is a Catholic church building in Barranco District, Lima, Peru. It is located in the district's historic centre and once served as the district's capital and cathedral, next to the Bridge of Sighs, and has been closed since 1974 due to the damages caused by that year's earthquake.

The Plazuela Chabuca Granda, named after the Peruvian singer who dedicated a song to the bridge, serves as the main public area outside the church and features two statues by sculptor Fausto Jaulis dedicated to Granda and José Antonio de Lavalle y García, the subject of another song of hers. It was inaugurated on October 24, 1992.
Mission blue butterfly
The Mission blue (Icaricia icarioides missionensis) is a blue or lycaenid butterfly subspecies native to the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States. The butterfly has been declared as endangered by the US federal government. It is a subspecies of Boisduval's blue (Icaricia icarioides).

Icaricia icarioides
Icaricia icarioides, or Boisduval's blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae found in North America. This butterfly has 25 recognized subspecies.

Their range extends throughout the western US and Canada from southern Saskatchewan to British Columbia. Its habitats include dunes, mountains, meadows, streams, and sage-lands. It is also found in open areas or openings in woods near its larval host.

Larvae feed on species of lupines (Lupinus). Adults feed on nectar from flowers of Eriogonum species and other composites.

Wingspan: 21 to 32 mm.
Hard Eight (novel)
Hard Eight is the eighth novel by Janet Evanovich featuring the bounty hunter  Stephanie Plum. It was written in 2002.

Hard Eight revolves around a child custody bond, rather than a criminal bail bond, and marks the (sometimes repeated) departure of the series from Stephanie chasing bad guys to Stephanie being stalked by bad guys.  The ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth volumes likewise revolve around Stephanie having a stalker.

Stephanie Plum
Stephanie Plum is a fictional character and the protagonist in a series of novels written by Janet Evanovich. She is a spunky combination of Nancy Drew and Dirty Harry, and—although a female bounty hunter—is the opposite of Domino Harvey.  She is described by the author as "incredibly average and yet heroic if necessary".

Evanovich claims the inspiration for Stephanie's character came after watching Midnight Run starring Charles Grodin and Robert De Niro, adding, "If Mickey Spillane wrote Archie and Veronica, Stephanie would be Betty." As the series has progressed, Stephanie has become more stable and responsible, and a better bounty hunter. "But truthfully," Evanovich says, "Stephanie has stayed the same more than she's changed."

As of 2021, Stephanie has appeared in 28 full-length novels, four holiday novellas, and a short story in a compilation of various authors' works. The first book, One for the Money, was adapted as a 2012 film starring Katherine Heigl as Stephanie.
Jinsafut
Jinsafut (Arabic: جينصافوط, Jinṣāfūṭ) is a Palestinian village in the Qalqilya Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northeastern West Bank, located  east of Qalqilya.   According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 2,571 inhabitants in 2017.

Fatah's Secretary-General Farouk Kaddoumi was born in Jinsafut.

In 2012 it was decided that Jinsafut and Al-Funduq should be merged under one local council.

Al-Funduq
Al-Funduq (Arabic: الفندق) is a Palestinian village in the Qalqilya Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northeastern West Bank, located east of Qalqilya. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,125 in 2017. The village took its name from an Arabic word for "inn."

In 2012,  Jinsafut and Al-Funduq  merged under one local council.
Peakon
In the theory of integrable systems, a peakon ("peaked soliton") is a soliton with discontinuous first derivative; the wave profile is shaped like the graph of the function . Some examples of non-linear partial differential equations with (multi-)peakon solutions are the Camassa–Holm shallow water wave equation, the Degasperis–Procesi equation and the Fornberg–Whitham equation.
Since peakon solutions are only piecewise differentiable, they must be interpreted in a suitable weak sense.
The concept was introduced in 1993 by Camassa and Holm in the short but much cited paper where they derived their shallow water equation.

Camassa–Holm equation
In fluid dynamics, the Camassa–Holm equation is the integrable, dimensionless and non-linear partial differential equation

The equation was introduced by Roberto Camassa and Darryl Holm as a bi-Hamiltonian model for waves in shallow water, and in this context the parameter κ is positive and the solitary wave solutions are smooth solitons.

In the special case that κ is equal to zero, the Camassa–Holm equation has peakon solutions: solitons with a sharp peak, so with a discontinuity at the peak in the wave slope.
Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates
Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates is a comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics that began in March 2010 as part of Marvel's "Ultimate Comics" imprint.  The series was written by Jeph Loeb, writer of Ultimates 3 and Ultimatum. Members of the New Ultimates include Captain America, Thor, Valkyrie, Hawkeye, Black Panther, Shanna, Ka-Zar, and Princess Zarda.

The Ultimates 3: Who Killed the Scarlet Witch?
The Ultimates 3: Who Killed the Scarlet Witch?, initially published simply as The Ultimates 3 or Ultimates 3, was a five-issue monthly American comic book miniseries published in 2008 by Marvel Comics in the Ultimate Marvel imprint. Written by Jeph Loeb, and illustrated by Joe Madureira, it is a sequel to The Ultimates and The Ultimates 2, as well as a prelude to Ultimatum. A sequel entitled Ultimate Comics: New Ultimates, also written by Loeb, was released in 2010. The series continues the stories of the Ultimates.
Scarborough Centre for Alternative Studies
Scarborough Centre for Alternative Studies (SCAS), formerly Tabor Park Vocational School is an  alternative and adult high school serving Scarborough, a part of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school operates under the Toronto District School Board serving grades 10-12. Prior to 1998, it was part of the Scarborough Board of Education.

Originated at Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute in 1977 as the re-entry program, the school opened in 1986 at the Tabor Park building and as of 2010, this school is located in the campus of the former Midland Avenue Collegiate Institute sharing with the fellow schools, South East Year Round Alternative Centre and Caring and Safe Schools Alternative Program Area C. SCAS is located on Midland Avenue south of Eglinton Avenue East.

Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute
Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute (BPCI) is a high school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Birch Cliff neighbourhood of the former suburb of Scarborough operated under the Toronto District School Board. Before 1998, this school was part of the legacy Scarborough Board of Education.

The school was opened in 1964 as a composite secondary school and has since served over 1,000 students in the southwestern Scarborough community. BPCI sits atop on the Scarborough Bluffs overlooking Lake Ontario in what is once the shores of Glacial Lake Iroquois and Birchmount Park itself. The motto is Veritas Omnia Vincit ("Truth conquers all").
Hank Jones
Henry Jones Jr. (July 31, 1918 – May 16, 2010) was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer. Critics and musicians have described Jones as eloquent, lyrical, and impeccable. In 1989, The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with the NEA Jazz Masters Award. He was also honored in 2003 with the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) Jazz Living Legend Award. In 2008, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. On April 13, 2009, the University of Hartford presented Jones with an honorary Doctorate of Music for his musical accomplishments.

Jones recorded more than 60 albums under his own name and is estimated to have "appeared on over a thousand recordings" as a sideman, including Cannonball Adderley's celebrated album Somethin' Else with Miles Davis. On May 19, 1962, he played piano as actress Marilyn Monroe sang her famous "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" song to then U.S. president John F. Kennedy.

Cannonball Adderley
Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley (September 15, 1928 – August 8, 1975) was an American jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s.

Adderley is perhaps best remembered by the general public for the 1966 soul jazz single "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy", which was written for him by his keyboardist Joe Zawinul and became a major crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts. A cover version by the Buckinghams, who added lyrics, also reached No. 5 on the charts. Adderley worked with Miles Davis, first as a member of the Davis sextet, appearing on the seminal records Milestones (1958) and Kind of Blue (1959), and then on his own 1958 album Somethin' Else. He was the elder brother of jazz trumpeter Nat Adderley, who was a longtime member of his band.
Three-center four-electron bond
The 3-center 4-electron (3c–4e) bond is a model used to explain bonding in certain hypervalent molecules such as tetratomic and hexatomic interhalogen compounds, sulfur tetrafluoride, the xenon fluorides, and the bifluoride ion. It is also known as the Pimentel–Rundle three-center model after the work published by  George C. Pimentel in 1951, which built on concepts developed earlier by Robert E. Rundle for electron-deficient bonding. An extended version of this model is used to describe the whole class of hypervalent molecules such as phosphorus pentafluoride and sulfur hexafluoride as well as multi-center π-bonding such as ozone and sulfur trioxide.

There are also molecules such as diborane (B2H6) and dialane (Al2H6) which have three-center two-electron (3c–2e) bonds.

Three-center two-electron bond
A three-center two-electron (3c–2e) bond is an electron-deficient chemical bond where three atoms share two electrons. The combination of three atomic orbitals form three molecular orbitals: one bonding, one non-bonding, and one anti-bonding. The two electrons go into the bonding orbital, resulting in a net bonding effect and constituting a chemical bond among all three atoms. In many common bonds of this type, the bonding orbital is shifted towards two of the three atoms instead of being spread equally among all three. Example molecules with 3c–2e bonds are the trihydrogen cation (H+3) and diborane (B2H6). In these two structures, the three atoms in each 3c–2e bond form an angular geometry, leading to a bent bond.
Konica Minolta
Konica Minolta, Inc. (コニカミノルタ, Konika Minoruta) is a Japanese multinational technology company headquartered in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, with offices in 45 countries worldwide. The company manufactures business and industrial imaging products, including copiers, laser printers, multi-functional peripherals (MFPs) and digital print systems for the production printing market. Konica Minolta's Managed Print Service (MPS) is called Optimised Print Services. The company also makes optical devices, including lenses and LCD film; medical and graphic imaging products, such as X-ray image processing systems, colour proofing systems, and X-ray film; photometers, 3-D digitizers, and other sensing products; and textile printers. It once had camera and photo operations inherited from Konica and Minolta but they were sold in 2006 to Sony, with Sony's Alpha series being the successor SLR division brand.

Konica
Konica (コニカ, Konika) was a Japanese manufacturer of, among other products, film, film cameras, camera accessories, photographic and photo-processing equipment, photocopiers, fax machines and laser printers, founded in 1873. The company merged with Japanese peer Minolta in 2003, forming Konica Minolta.
Go (Japan)
35°39′39″N 139°44′26″E﻿ / ﻿35.66083°N 139.74056°E﻿ / 35.66083; 139.74056

GO株式会社 Inc. (English: GO Inc.) is a Japanese ride-hailing and taxi company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, that provides the "GO" app and engages in taxi-related business. It also holds licenses for travel and employment agencies. Its largest shareholders are Nihon Kotsu and DeNA. The company was previously known as JapanTaxi Co., Ltd., and Mobility Technologies Co., Ltd., and it rebranded itself on 1 April 2023 to match the name of its flagship app.

DeNA
DeNA Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社ディー・エヌ・エー, Hepburn: Kabushikigaisha Dī-Enu-Ē; pronounced "DNA") is a Japanese provider of mobile portal and e-commerce websites headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo. It owns the Mobage cell phone platform and also operates other services, including the e-commerce website DeNA Shopping (formerly: Bidders).
Pico da Neblina
Pico da Neblina (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpiku dɐ neˈblĩnɐ], Mist Peak) is the tallest peak in Brazil, 2,995.3 metres (9,827 ft) above sea level, in the Serra da Neblina, part of the Serra do Imeri, a section of the Guiana Highlands on the Brazil-Venezuela border. As determined by a border survey expedition in 1962, its summit lies just within Brazilian territory, at a horizontal distance of only 687 m (2,254 ft) from the Venezuelan border at Pico 31 de Março.

As the peak's name suggests, it is shrouded in dense clouds most of the time. It was first ascended in 1965 by members of a Brazilian Army expedition.

Pico 31 de Março
Pico 31 de Março, or Pico Trinta e Um de Março in full (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpiku ˈtɾĩtɐ jũ dʒi ˈmaʁsu]), also known as Pico Phelps, is a mountain on the Brazil–Venezuela border. At 2,974 metres (9,757 ft) above sea level, it is Brazil's second highest mountain. It is part of the Neblina massif, and the latter's summit Pico da Neblina, Brazil's highest summit, is only 687 m (2,254 ft) away. Pico 31 de Março can be considered a secondary summit of Pico da Neblina. Therefore, it is usually climbed by expeditions primarily aiming to reach the other peak.  The two are linked by a col that can be easily traversed in a short trek of about an hour.
Director of the Royal Institution
Below are directors of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, with date of appointment.

Director of the Laboratory

1801   Humphry Davy

1825   Michael Faraday

1867   John Tyndall

1887   James Dewar

Director of the Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory

1896   James Dewar

1896   Lord Rayleigh

1923   William Bragg

1942   Henry Hallett Dale

1946   Eric Rideal

1950   Edward Andrade

1954   Lawrence Bragg

1998   Richard Catlow

2008   Quentin Pankhurst

Director

1965   William Lawrence Bragg

1966   George, Baron Porter of Luddenham

1986   David Philips (acting)

1986   John Meurig Thomas

1991   Peter Day

1998   Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield

2017   Sarah Harper

2018   Shaun Fitzgerald

2022   Katherine Mathieson

Lawrence Bragg
Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian X-ray crystallographer who uniquely shared a Nobel Prize with his father William Henry Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays", an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography.

As of 2025, Bragg is the youngest ever Nobel laureate in physics, or in any science category, having received the award at the age of 25. Bragg was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick reported the discovery of the structure of DNA in February 1953.