hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Ventimiglia, 15th Duke of Alba, GE (3 June 1821, Palermo, Sicily – 10 July 1881, Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish nobleman. He was a brother-in-law of Napoleon III through his wife, sister of Empress Eugenie.

María Francisca de Sales Portocarrero, 16th Duchess of Peñaranda
María Francisca de Sales "Paca" de Palafox Portocarrero y Kirkpatrick, 16th Duchess of Peñaranda de Duero (29 January 1825 – 16 September 1860), also known as Paca de Alba, was a Spanish noblewoman and the sister of Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French. She was the 16th Duchess of Peñaranda de Duero in her own right and a Grandee of Spain, and she inherited many other titles from her father. She was also Duchess of Alba by virtue of her marriage to Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba.
Universal Interactive
Universal Interactive, Inc., formerly Universal Interactive Studios, Inc. until 2001, was an American video game publisher and a subsidiary of Vivendi Universal Games (now Vivendi Games). It was established on January 4, 1994, by Skip Paul and Robert Biniaz as a subsidiary of MCA Inc., later Universal Studios, Inc., and was based in Universal City, California. It was best known for producing and later publishing the Crash Bandicoot and Spyro platform game franchises. Other key releases include The Grinch (2000) and Hulk (2003).

In 2000, Universal Studios merged with Vivendi, leading to Universal Interactive's integration into Vivendi Universal Games. Universal Interactive continued as a label until 2004, when Vivendi began divesting ownership of Universal Studios, retaining the newly renamed Vivendi Games.

Vivendi Games
Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.
Cirencester branch line
The Cirencester branch line was a five-mile-long single-track branch railway line in Gloucestershire, England that connected Cirencester to the main line at Kemble. It was opened by the Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway (C&GWUR) in 1841. The main line was extended from Kemble to a junction near Gloucester in 1845, by the Great Western Railway (GWR) which had taken over the C&GWUR. The branch supported a busy passenger and goods business, but these declined in the 1930s, and closure was threatened in the 1950s. To reduce costs and maintain the viability of the line, lightweight four-wheel diesel railbuses were introduced, and they proved popular. Nevertheless, the line's decline was inexorable, passenger service closed in 1964 and the goods service ending the following year.

The route crossed the River Thames near its source and formed the highest rail crossing point on the river.

Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway
The Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway was a railway company intended to link Cheltenham, Gloucester and Swindon, in England. It was authorised in 1836 but it found it very hard to raise money for the construction, and it opened only a part of its line, between Swindon and Cirencester, in 1841. It sold its business to the Great Western Railway, which quickly built the line through to Gloucester in 1845 and Cheltenham in 1847; part of that route was shared with other companies.

From 1903 the route introduced railmotors, small self-powered coaches, that enabled the opening of numerous low-cost passenger stopping places.

The Cirencester branch (as it had become) closed in 1964 but most of the 1845 network is still in use as a main passenger line between Swindon and Gloucester.
Broderick, California
38°35′28″N 121°31′02″W﻿ / ﻿38.59111°N 121.51722°W﻿ / 38.59111; -121.51722

Broderick (formerly, Washington) is a former town in Yolo County, California, United States, now forming part of the City of West Sacramento. It is located just west of the Sacramento River in the eastern portion of the county. Broderick's ZIP Code is 95605 and is in area codes 916 and 279. It lies at an elevation of 23 feet (7 m).

West Sacramento, California
West Sacramento (also known as West Sac) is a city in Yolo County, California, United States. The city is separated from Sacramento by the Sacramento River, which also separates Sacramento and Yolo counties. The population was 53,915 at the 2020 census, up from 48,744 at the 2010 census. The traditional industrial center of the region since the California gold rush era, West Sacramento is home to a diverse economy and is one of the area's top four employment centers.

The United States Conference of Mayors named West Sacramento as the Most Livable City in America in 2014 in the category of cities with fewer than 100,000 residents.

West Sacramento is part of the Sacramento–Arden Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area which has a population (2000) of approximately 1,796,857 (July 1, 2016, estimate placed the population at 2,296,418). Major industries to the region include agriculture, government, and transportation.
Here's Lucy
Here's Lucy is an American sitcom starring Lucille Ball. The series co-starred her long-time comedy partner Gale Gordon and her real-life children Lucie Arnaz and Desi Arnaz Jr. It was broadcast on CBS from 1968 to 1974. It was Ball's third network sitcom, following I Love Lucy (1951–57) and The Lucy Show (1962–68).

The Lucy Show
The Lucy Show is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from 1962 to 1968. It was Lucille Ball's follow-up to I Love Lucy. A significant change in cast and premise for the fourth season (1965–1966) divides the program into two distinct eras; aside from Ball, only Gale Gordon, who joined the program for its second season, remained. For the first three seasons, Vivian Vance was the co-star.

The earliest scripts were titled The Lucille Ball Show; but, when that title was rejected by CBS, producers thought of calling the show This Is Lucy or The New Adventures of Lucy, before deciding on the title The Lucy Show. Ball won consecutive Emmy Awards as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for the series' final two seasons, 1966–67 and 1967–68.
Perpetual Peace (532)
The Perpetual Peace, also called the Treaty of Eternal Peace (Greek: ἀπέραντος εἰρήνη), signed in 532 between the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire and Sassanid Persia, was a peace treaty of indefinite duration, which concluded the Iberian War (527–531) between the two powers. It heralded a period of relatively cordial relations, but lasted only until 540, when hostilities resumed over the control of Lazica.

Lazic War
The Lazic War, also known as the Colchidian War or in Georgian historiography as the Great War of Egrisi, was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire for control of the ancient Georgian region of Lazica. The Lazic War lasted for twenty years, from 541 to 562, and ended with the Fifty-Year Peace Treaty, which obligated the Byzantine Empire to pay tribute to Persia each year for the recognition of Lazica as a Byzantine vassal state by the Persians. The Lazic War is narrated in detail in the works of Procopius and Agathias.
Hans Reichenbach
Hans Reichenbach (/ˈraɪxənbɑːx/; German: [ˈʁaɪçənbax]; September 26, 1891 – April 9, 1953) was a leading philosopher of science, educator, and proponent of logical empiricism. He founded the Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie (Society for Empirical Philosophy) in Berlin in 1928, also known as the "Berlin Circle". Carl Gustav Hempel, Richard von Mises, David Hilbert and Kurt Grelling all became members of the Berlin Circle.

In 1930, Reichenbach and Rudolf Carnap became editors of the journal Erkenntnis. He also made lasting contributions to the study of empiricism based on a theory of probability; the logic and the philosophy of mathematics; space, time, and relativity theory; analysis of probabilistic reasoning; and quantum mechanics. In 1951, he authored The Rise of Scientific Philosophy, his most popular book.

Carl Gustav Hempel
Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (/ˈhɛmpəl/; German: [ˈhɛmpl̩]; January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German writer, philosopher, logician, and epistemologist. He was a major figure in logical empiricism, a 20th-century movement in the philosophy of science. Hempel articulated the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation, which was considered the "standard model" of scientific explanation during the 1950s and 1960s. He is also known for the raven paradox ("Hempel's paradox") and Hempel's dilemma.
U (Armenian letter)
U, Ou, or Ow (uppercase: ՈՒ; title-case: Ու; lowercase: ու; Armenian: ու) is, according to the Armenian orthography reform, the 34th letter of the Armenian alphabet. Even though U was used de facto before the orthography reform, it was not officially part of the alphabet. It represents the close back rounded vowel /u/. It is romanized with the letter U or the digraph Ow. Since this letter was not made by Mesrop Mashtots, it has no numerical value, and because there is no individual letter that represents the "u" sound, it uses a digraph made up of the letter Vo and the letter Hyun (a calque from the Greek digraph ου).

Hyun (Armenian letter)
Hyun, Vyun, Yiwn or Hiwn (uppercase: Ւ; minuscule: ւ; Armenian: հյուն, վյուն; Classical Armenian:  հիւն) is the 34th letter in the Armenian alphabet. It represents the voiced labial–velar approximant /w/ in Classical Armenian and the voiced labiodental fricative /v/ in Modern Armenian. It is typically romanized with the letter W. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a numerical value of 7000.
Waywords and Meansigns
Waywords and Meansigns: Recreating Finnegans Wake [in its whole wholume] is an international project setting James Joyce's novel Finnegans Wake to music. Waywords and Meansigns has released two editions of audio, each offering an unabridged musical adaptation of Joyce's book. A third edition, featuring over 100 artists and performing much shorter passages of the book, debuted May 4, 2017.

The project brought together a diverse array of musicians. An artist or group performed each chapter in the first two editions; artists performed shorter, page-length passages in the third edition. The musicians only requirements were that "the words be audible, unabridged and more or less in their original order". With a goal of making Joyce's famously obscure novel more accessible, all audio from the project is distributed freely online.

Waywords and Meansigns Opendoor Edition
The Waywords and Meansigns Opendoor Edition debuted in 2017 as a part of the Waywords and Meansigns project, setting James Joyce's Finnegans Wake to music. The Opendoor Edition features over 100 artists and musicians performing unabridged passages of Finnegans Wake. An open edition participants are invited to contribute to the Opendoor Edition on an ongoing basis.  The edition first premiered on May 4, 2017.

The genres in the Waywords and Meansigns Opendoor Edition are quite diverse, ranging from metal and industrial to folk and jazz. Many tracks are experimental; some recordings adhere to fairly traditional song formats, while others offer audiobook-like readings with ambient accompaniment.
Amateur radio propagation beacon
An amateur radio propagation beacon is a radio beacon, whose purpose is the investigation of the propagation of radio signals. Most radio propagation beacons use amateur radio frequencies.  They can be found on LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave frequencies.   Microwave beacons are also used as signal sources to test and calibrate antennas and receivers.

The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) and its member societies coordinate beacons established by radio amateurs.

Radio beacon
In navigation, a radio beacon or radiobeacon is a kind of beacon, a device that marks a fixed location and allows direction-finding equipment to find relative bearing.  It is a fixed-position radio transmitter which radiates radio waves which are received by navigation instruments on ships, aircraft or vehicles.

The beacon transmits a continuous or periodic radio signal on a specified radio frequency containing limited information (for example, its identification or location). Occasionally, the beacon's transmission includes other information, such as telemetric or meteorological data.

Radio beacons have many applications, including air and sea navigation, propagation research, robotic mapping, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and indoor navigation, as with real-time locating systems (RTLS) like Syledis or simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM).
Obwato
Obwato (plural: ebyato) also known as Ekyato is a traditional wooden vessel used primarily in Western and Southwestern Uganda for brewing and storing local banana beer, known as tonto or mwenge bigere. The term obwato translates to "boat" in English, referencing its elongated, canoe-like shape. These vessels are crafted by hollowing out a section of a felled giant tree, creating a dugout canoe-like structure. The obwato is typically placed in a specially dug pit to stabilize it during use.

Tonto (drink)
Tonto (also known as Mwenge Bigere) is a traditional fermented alcoholic beverage indigenous to Uganda primarily made from bananas. Also known by various local names including mwenge bigere and tontomera, the drink holds significant cultural importance in Ugandan society and is considered one of the country's most beloved traditional beverages. It is one of several banana-based alcoholic drinks in Ugandan culture, alongside others such as Waragi (a banana-based spirit) and banana wines. Tonto is widely consumed in the banana-growing regions of central and western Uganda.
Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Film Festival is considered the most prestigious film festival in the world. Held in Cannes, France, it previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world. Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. The festival was formally accredited by the FIAPF in 1951. Cannes is considered one of the "Big Three" major European film festivals, alongside Venice and Berlin, as well as one of the "Big Five" major international film festivals, alongside Venice, Berlin, Toronto and Sundance.

Palais des Festivals et des Congrès
The Palais des Festivals et des Congrès (French pronunciation: [palɛ de fɛstival e de kɔ̃ɡʁɛ], Palace of Festivals and Conferences) is a convention centre in Cannes, France. It is the primary venue for the annual Cannes Film Festival, the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, MIPIM, and the NRJ Music Awards. The second building was unveiled in 1982.
Agnes of Brandenburg
Agnes of Brandenburg (c. 1257 – 29 September 1304) was the  Queen consort of Denmark and Duchess Regnant of Estonia by marriage to King Eric V of Denmark. As a widow, she served as the regent of Denmark for her son, King Eric VI, during his minority from 1286 until 1293.

She and Eric V had seven children, including Eric VI, Christopher II, and Martha of Denmark. Through her second marriage to Gerhard II of Holstein-Plön she also had a son, John III of Holstein-Plön.

Eric VI of Denmark
Eric VI Menved (1274 – 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286–1319). A son of King Eric V and Agnes of Brandenburg, he became king in 1286 at age 12, when his father was murdered on 22 November by unknown assailants. On account of his age, his mother ruled for him until 1294.
Interstate 64 in Virginia
Interstate 64 (I-64) in the US state of Virginia runs east–west through the middle of the state from West Virginia to the Hampton Roads region, for a total of 299 miles (481 km). From the West Virginia state line to Chesapeake, it passes through the major cities of Lexington, Staunton, Charlottesville, the state capital of Richmond, Newport News, Hampton, and Norfolk. It is notable for crossing the mouth of the harbor of Hampton Roads on the Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel (HRBT), the first bridge–tunnel to incorporate artificial islands, concurrent with U.S. Route 60 (US 60). Also noteworthy is a section through Rockfish Gap, a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which was equipped with an innovative system of airport-style runway lighting embedded into the pavement to aid motorists during periods of poor visibility due to fog or other conditions.

Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel
The Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel (HRBT) is a 3.5-mile-long (5.6 km) Hampton Roads crossing for Interstate 64 (I-64) and US Route 60 (US 60). It is a four-lane facility comprising bridges, trestles, artificial islands, and tunnels under the main shipping channels for Hampton Roads harbor in the southeastern portion of Virginia in the United States.

It connects the historic Phoebus area of the independent city of Hampton near Fort Monroe on the Virginia Peninsula with Willoughby Spit in the city of Norfolk in South Hampton Roads and is part of the Hampton Roads Beltway.
Majške Međe
Majške Međe (Hungarian: Majspuszta; Serbian Cyrillic: Мајшке Међе) is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Jagodnjak municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County. Population is 82 people.

Jagodnjak
Jagodnjak ((Croatian and Serbian pronunciation: [jâɡodɲaːk]) Serbian Cyrillic: Јагодњак, Hungarian: Kácsfalu, German: Katschfeld) is a village and a municipality in the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Landscape of the Jagodnjak Municipality is marked by the Drava river with surrounding wetland forest and by Pannonian Basin plains with agricultural fields of wheat, common sunflower, maize and sugar beet.

Jagodnjak is an underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.
Area code 770
Area code 770 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) serving all or part of 29 counties in North Georgia, including most of Atlanta's suburbs. It was created in 1995 in a split of numbering plan area (NPA) 404.

Area code 404
Area code 404 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Atlanta, Georgia and its closest suburbs. This comprises roughly the area encircled by Interstate 285.  It is an enclave area code, surrounded by area code 770, which serves most of Metropolitan Atlanta. Both 404 and 770 are overlaid by area codes 678, 470, and 943.
Jaanipäev
Jaanipäev (literally, 'John's day') or leedopäev (literally, 'fire day') is the longest celebrated public holiday and one of the most important summer holidays in the Estonian folk calendar. It corresponds to English Midsummer Day.

On jaaniõhtu (literally, 'John's evening', the night before jaanipäev), Estonians gather with their families and friends or at larger (often public) events to celebrate this important day with singing and dancing, drinking and eating, and lighting bonfires, as has been the tradition for centuries.
Jaanipäev is arguably the most important holiday, more important than Christmas in the yearly calendar for Estonians.

As the Estonian Open Air Museum describes it, "this is a time when nature is full of power and thousands of bonfires are set on fire throughout the country to celebrate the beginning of summer and ensure good luck".

Midsummer
Midsummer or Midsommar (Swedish: [ˈmɪ̌ˌsɔmːar] or [ˈmǐːdˌsɔmːar]) is a celebration of the season of summer, taking place on or near the date of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day of the year. The name midsummer mainly refers to summer solstice festivals of European origin. These cultures traditionally regard it as the middle of summer, with the season beginning on May Day. Although the summer solstice falls on 20, 21 or 22 June in the Northern Hemisphere, it was traditionally reckoned to fall on 23–24 June in much of Europe. These dates were Christianized as Saint John's Eve and Saint John's Day. It is usually celebrated with outdoor gatherings that include bonfires, maypole dancing and feasting.
Robert S. James
Rev. Robert Salle James (July 17, 1818 – August 18, 1850) was an American Baptist minister and one of the founders of William Jewell College in 1849 in Liberty, Missouri. He was the father of the outlaws Frank and Jesse James.

Frank James
Alexander Franklin James (January 10, 1843 – February 18, 1915) was a Confederate soldier and guerrilla; who became an outlaw in the post-Civil War period. The older brother of outlaw Jesse James, Frank was also part of the James–Younger Gang.
C string handling
The C programming language has a set of functions implementing operations on strings (character strings and byte strings) in its standard library. Various operations, such as copying, concatenation, tokenization and searching are supported. For character strings, the standard library uses the convention that strings are null-terminated: a string of n characters is represented as an array of n + 1 elements, the last of which is a "NUL character" with numeric value 0.

The only support for strings in the programming language proper is that the compiler translates quoted string constants into null-terminated strings.

C standard library
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C POSIX library, which is a superset of it. Since ANSI C was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization, the C standard library is also called the ISO C library.

The C standard library provides macros, type definitions and functions for tasks such as string manipulation, mathematical computation, input/output processing, memory management, and input/output.
Amphibious Construction Battalion 1
Amphibious Construction Battalion ONE (ACB1 or ACB-1 or PHIBCB 1 or PHIBCB One) is an amphibious construction battalion in the United States Navy based in Coronado, California, and last in type unit. Amphibious Construction Battalion TWO was its sister unit based in Little Creek, Virginia.

Amphibious Construction Battalion 2
Amphibious Construction Battalion TWO (abbreviated as ACB 2, or PHIBCB 2)  was an amphibious construction battalion in the United States Navy based in Little Creek, Virginia. ACB 2 was decommissioned on 31 March 2023.

Amphibious Construction Battalion ONE is its sister unit based in Coronado, California.
Royal Danish Military Academy
The Royal Danish Military Academy (Danish: Hærens Officersskole) educates and commissions all officers for the Royal Danish Army. The Military Academy function was initiated in 1713 by request of King Frederick IV on inspiration from the Naval Academy.

Royal Danish Naval Academy
The Royal Danish Naval Academy (Danish: Søværnets Officersskole or more commonly, Søofficerskolen) educates and commissions all officers for the Royal Danish Navy.  Having existed for more than 300 years, it is the oldest still-existing officers' academy in the world.