hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magaric languages
The Magar languages (or Magaric languages) are a small proposed family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Nepal and India, notably including Magar and Kham. (Ethnologue considers each to be a cluster of languages.) They are often classified as part of the Mahakiranti family, and Van Driem (2001) proposes that they are close relatives of Mahakiranti.

Several neighboring languages with uncertain affiliation may prove to belong to a larger Magar family ("Greater Magaric"). These are Chepangic, and possibly also Raji–Raute and Dura languages.

Thurgood & LaPolla (2003) included Kham in LaPolla's speculative 'Rung' proposal, but found the inclusion of Magar and Chepang less probable, suggesting that the evidence for even a Magar–Kham connection is far from clear-cut.

The Kaike language is also spoken by the Magar people, but is a Tamangic rather than a Magaric language.

Greater Magaric languages
The Greater Magaric languages are a branch of Sino-Tibetan languages proposed by Nicolas Schorer (2016). Schorer (2016: 286-287) considers Greater Magaric to be closely related to the Kiranti languages as part of a greater Himalayish branch, and does not consider Himalayish to be particularly closely related to the Tibetic languages, which include Tibetan and the Tamangic languages.

Matisoff (2015: xxxii, 1123-1127), in the final print release of the Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT), has also proposed a Kham-Magar-Chepang language group.
Stewartry
54°58′48″N 3°48′36″W﻿ / ﻿54.980°N 3.810°W﻿ / 54.980; -3.810

Stewartry was a local government district in the Dumfries and Galloway region of south-west Scotland between 1975 and 1996. The district covered the greater part of the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire, whose alternative name, the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, provided the district’s title.

Following the abolition of districts under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, the area became part of the unitary Dumfries and Galloway Council area in 1996. Under the name Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, the same area continues to be used as a lieutenancy area. Dumfries and Galloway Council maintains a Stewartry area committee whose jurisdiction broadly corresponds to the boundaries of the former district, although minor adjustments have been made where modern electoral ward boundaries differ from those in place prior to 1996.

Wigtown Area
Wigtown is a lieutenancy area in south-west Scotland and a committee area of Dumfries and Galloway Council. From 1975 until 1996 it was also a local government district. It closely resembles the historic county of Wigtownshire, covering the whole area of that county but also including the two parishes of Kirkmabreck and Minnigaff from the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire.
Tomu Ranju
Mayu Sakamoto (Japanese: 阪本 真由, Hepburn: Sakamoto Mayu; born 12 August 1975), known professionally as Tomu Ranju (蘭寿 とむ, Ranju Tomu) is a Japanese singer, TV and musical actress most widely recognized as Takarazuka Revue Flower Troupe's otokoyaku (男役 Takarazuka actresses who play male roles) top star from 2011 to 2014. Ranju is considered one of the triple threat actresses the revue has had in recent years and was selected to record songs for many of Takazuka albums, both while she was with the revue and after she left.

After her "graduation" (Takarazuka actresses may not rejoin the revue after they leave), Ranju began to actively pursue a career on stage, focusing mainly on musicals. She could also be seen on television, playing supporting roles and as TV show hosts.

In 2016, Ranju got married and became inactive ever since.

Takarazuka Revue
The Takarazuka Revue (Japanese: 宝塚歌劇団, Hepburn: Takarazuka Kagekidan) is a Japanese all-female musical theatre troupe based in Takarazuka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Women play all roles in lavish, Broadway-style productions of musicals and stories adapted from films, novels, shōjo manga, and Japanese folktales. The Takarazuka Revue Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Hankyu Railway company; all members of the troupe are employed by Takarazuka Revue.
Amelia County, Virginia
Amelia County is a county located just southwest of Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. The county is located in Central Virginia and is included in the Greater Richmond Region. Its county seat is Amelia Court House.

Amelia County was created in 1735 from parts of Prince George and Brunswick counties and was named in honor of Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Parts of the county were later carved out to create Prince Edward and Nottoway counties.

As of the 2020 census, the county population was 13,265.

Amelia Court House, Virginia
Amelia Court House (also known as Amelia Courthouse and Amelia) is the county seat of Amelia County in the U.S. state of Virginia and a census-designated place (CDP). The population as of the 2010 census was 1,099. The town was named for Princess Amelia of Great Britain, the second daughter of Great Britain's King George II, in 1735.
Discovery and development of gliflozins
Gliflozins are a class of drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). They act by inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), and are therefore also called SGLT-2 inhibitors. The efficacy of the drug is dependent on renal excretion and limits glucose from returning to blood circulation by promoting glucosuria. The mechanism of action is insulin independent.

Five drugs have been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States;  bexagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin. Canagliflozin was the first SGLT-2 inhibitor that was approved by the FDA, being accepted in March 2013. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin were approved in 2014, ertugliflozin in 2017, and bexagliflozin in 2023.

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2
The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein, which facilitates glucose transport and is regulated by sodium ions. In humans it is encoded by the SLC5A2 solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) gene, located in chromosome 16, specifically in the band 16p11.2.
Samuel Bradford Caswell
Samuel Bradford Caswell (1828–1898) was an American mining engineer, and politician in California.

He was member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and the Los Angeles Common Council. He was one of the pioneer founders and trustees of the Los Angeles Public Library System to open branches.

Los Angeles Public Library
The Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL) is a public library system in Los Angeles, California, operating separate from the Los Angeles County Public Library system. The system holds more than six million volumes, and with around 19 million residents in the Greater Los Angeles area, it serves the largest metropolitan population of any public library system in the United States. The system is overseen by a Board of Library Commissioners with five members appointed by the mayor of Los Angeles in staggered terms, and operates 72 library branches throughout the city. In 1997 a local historian described it as "one of the biggest and best-regarded library systems in the nation."
105th Guards Vienna Airborne Division
The 105th Guards Airborne Division (Russian: 105-я гвардейская воздушно-десантная Венская дивизия) was an airborne forces division unit of the Soviet Airborne Troops.

The division was originally formed as the 12th Guards Airborne Division as part of the 38th Guards Airborne Corps in December 1943. In December 1944, it became the 105th Guards Rifle Division of the 9th Guards Army. On 7 June 1946, the 105th Guards Airborne division was formed from the 105th Guards Rifle Division. Disbanded in 1979, the division was reactivated in 1990. It was taken over by Uzbekistan in 1992, while still not yet fully formed. The division was dissolved in 1994 and became the 17th Air Assault Brigade.

38th Guards Airborne Corps
The 38th Guards Airborne Corps was an airborne corps of the Soviet airborne. It was activated during World War II in August 1944 and became a rifle corps in December of that year. The corps fought in the Vienna Offensive and the Prague Offensive during the spring of 1945. After the end of the war, it was converted back into an airborne corps. The corps served at Tula until its 1955 disbandment when the Soviet airborne was reorganized.
Moss Beach, California
Moss Beach is a coastal census-designated place in San Mateo County, California, with a year 2020 census population of 3,214. Located in Moss Beach are the Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, a marine sanctuary; the Half Moon Bay Airport, the historic Moss Beach Distillery; and the Seal Cove Inn, a destination lodging property. Moss Beach has a cool coastal microclimate that gives a sense of separation from the nearby metropolitan San Francisco Bay Area and assures that summer temperatures are generally mild.

Moss Beach Distillery
Moss Beach Distillery is a restaurant in Moss Beach, California, located on a cliff which overlooks the Pacific Ocean. It is officially designated as a California Point of Historical Interest. Originally established in 1927 as a speakeasy, it converted into a successful restaurant after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933.
Ayyám-i-Há
Ayyám-i-Há is a period of intercalary days in the Baháʼí calendar, when Baháʼís celebrate the Festival of Ayyám-i-Há. The four or five days of this period are inserted between the last two months of the calendar (Mulk and ʻAláʼ). The length of Ayyám-i-Há varies according to the timing of the following vernal equinox so that the next year always starts on the vernal equinox.

2026 has five days of Ayyám-i-Há: from sunset on Tuesday, February 24, to sunset on Sunday, March 1.

Intercalation (timekeeping)
Intercalation or embolism in timekeeping is the insertion of a leap day, week, or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons or moon phases. Lunisolar calendars may require intercalations of days or months.
3rd Canadian Tunnelling Company
The 3rd Canadian Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Canadian Military Engineers during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.

1st Australian Tunnelling Company
The 1st Australian Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Australian Engineers during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (narrow trenches dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches, and underground chambers for signals and medical services.
Septimal meantone temperament
In music, septimal meantone temperament, also called standard septimal meantone or simply septimal meantone, refers to the tempering of 7-limit musical intervals by a meantone temperament tuning in the range from fifths flattened by the amount of fifths for 12 equal temperament to those as flat as 19 equal temperament, with 31 equal temperament being a more or less optimal tuning for both the 5- and 7-limits.

31 equal temperament
In music, 31 equal temperament,  31 ET, which can also be abbreviated   31 TET (31 tone ET) or 31 EDO (equal division of the octave), also known as tricesimoprimal, is the tempered scale derived by dividing the octave into 31 equally-proportioned steps (equal frequency ratios). Playⓘ Each step represents a frequency ratio of 31√2 , or 38.71 cents (Playⓘ).

31 EDO is often thought to be a very accurate approximation of quarter-comma meantone temperament. More generally, it is a regular diatonic tuning in which the tempered perfect fifth is equal to 696.77 cents, as shown in Figure 1. On an isomorphic keyboard, the fingering of music composed in 31 EDO is precisely the same as it is in any other syntonic tuning (such as 12 EDO), so long as the notes are spelled properly—that is, with no assumption of enharmonicity.
67 (group)
67 (pronounced six-seven) are a British music group and street gang in the UK drill scene originally composed of members LD, Monkey, Dimzy, Liquez, ASAP and SJ.

Having gained notoriety following the police shooting of Chris Kaba, the group has been labelled a criminal gang by the Metropolitan Police, and had several shows shut down using the controversial Form 696, including their first UK tour after it sold out.

Killing of Chris Kaba
Chris Le Messie Kaba was shot dead by a police officer in Streatham Hill, London, England, on 5 September 2022 after a police pursuit.

On the evening of the shooting, Kaba was driving a car that officers believed was linked to a "firearms incident" the previous day. The police stopped the car, and armed police then approached on foot. Kaba then rammed an unmarked police vehicle. An armed officer fired a single round at Kaba through the car windscreen. Kaba was taken to hospital but died of his injuries the following day. The Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) then began an investigation.

In September 2023, a police officer was charged with murder in regard to Kaba's death. The trial began at the start of October 2024 at the Old Bailey, and returned a not guilty verdict on 21 October.
Ringvassøya
Ringvassøya (Norwegian) or Ráneš (Northern Sami) is a large island in Troms county, Norway. It is divided between Tromsø Municipality and Karlsøy Municipality. Several islands surround Ringvassøya including Kvaløya to the south; Reinøya and Karlsøya to the east; Vannøya, Helgøya, and Nordkvaløya to the north; and Rebbenesøya to the north west. The island is connected to the neighboring island (and the rest of mainland Norway) by the Kvalsund Tunnel on the south shore of the island.

With an area of 663 square kilometres (256 sq mi), Ringvassøy is the sixth largest island in mainland Norway. The island's highest point, Soltindan, has a height of 1,051 metres (3,448 ft) above sea level. The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long Skogsfjordvatnet is the largest lake on an island in Norway.

The villages of Hansnes (the administrative centre of Karlsøy Municipality), Hessfjord, Indre Kårvik, and Skarsfjord are all located on the island. In 2018, there were about 1,300 people living on the island.

Karlsøy Municipality
Karlsøy (Northern Sami: Gálssa suohkan) is an island municipality in Troms county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hansnes. Other villages include Dåfjord, Hessfjord, Karlsøya, Torsvåg, Vannvåg, and Vannareid. The municipality is made up of many islands including Ringvassøya, Reinøya, Vannøya, Karlsøya, and Rebbenesøya plus several uninhabited islands (many of which were formerly inhabited). Some of the currently uninhabited islands include Helgøya, Nordkvaløya, Grøtøya, and Nordfugløya.

The 1,092-square-kilometre (422 sq mi) municipality is the 103rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Karlsøy is the 268th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,237. The municipality's population density is 2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.2/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.2% over the previous 10-year period.
1876 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1876 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876, and featured Republican nominee Othman A. Abbott defeating Democratic nominee Miles Zentmeyer and Greenback Party nominee Allen Root.

It was the first election held under the newly adopted Nebraska Constitution of 1875. Prior to this election, the State of Nebraska did not have an office of lieutenant governor. Under the Nebraska Constitution of 1866, if the governor died, resigned, or was removed from office (as happened to Governor David Butler in 1871), then the Nebraska Secretary of State was appointed as Acting Governor until the vacancy would be filled by the next election. The Constitution of 1875 created the office of Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska, leading to the first election of a lieutenant governor for Nebraska in this election.

1876 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1876 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1876. It was the first election held under the newly adopted Nebraska Constitution of 1875. The election featured incumbent Governor Silas Garber, a Republican, defeating Democratic nominee Paren England, a lawyer from Lancaster County, Nebraska, and Greenback Party nominee Jonathan F. Gardner, former independent candidate for Governor of Nebraska in 1874.
Gottlieb Duttweiler
Gottlieb Duttweiler (15 August 1888 – 8 June 1962) was a Swiss businessman and politician, founder of both the Migros chain of grocery stores and the Alliance of Independents (Landesring der Unabhängigen, LDU) party.

Migros
Migros (German pronunciation: [ˈmiɡro]) is Switzerland's largest retail company, its largest supermarket chain and largest employer. It is also one of the forty largest retailers in the world. It is structured in the form of a cooperative federation (the Federation of Migros Cooperatives), with more than two million members.

It co-founded Turkey's largest retailer, also named Migros, which became independent of Migros Switzerland in 1975.

The name comes from the French "mi" for half or mid-way and "gros", which means wholesale. Thus the word connotes prices that are halfway between retail and wholesale, along with the business model (medium-scale semi-wholesale). The logo of the company is a large orange M.  Migros is often referred to as "the orange giant" (German: oranger Riese, French: géant orange, Italian: gigante arancio).
John Jabez Edwin Mayall
John Jabez Edwin Paisley Mayall (17 September 1813 – 6 March 1901) was an English photographer who in 1860 took the first carte-de-visite photographs of Queen Victoria. He also captured other famous people such as Charles Dickens and Karl Marx. His photograph of "Sergeant Dawson and his daughter" has been considered one of the most important photographs in history.

Carte de visite
The carte de visite (French: [kaʁt də vizit], English: 'visiting card', abbr. 'CdV', pl. cartes de visite) was a format of small photograph which was patented in Paris by photographer André Adolphe Eugène Disdéri in 1854, although first used by Louis Dodero in 1851.

Each photograph was the size of a formal visiting card about 4½ x 2½ inches (11.4 x 6.3 cm) and such photograph cards, in what has been called an early form of social media, were commonly traded among friends and visitors in the 1860s. Albums for the collection and display of cards became a common fixture in Victorian parlors. The popularity of the format and its rapid uptake worldwide were due to their relative thrift, which made portrait photographs accessible to a broader demographic, and prior to the advent of mechanical reproduction of photographs, led to the publication and collection of portraits of prominent persons. It was the success of the carte de visite that led to photography's institutionalisation.
Ansted-Lexington
The Ansted-Lexington, also known as the Ansted, was an American automobile manufactured in 1922.  The Ansted-Lexington was a custom-designed Lexington roadster marketed under the Ansted emblem, sporting an Ansted six as its engine.  The sports car was luxuriously appointed, and cost $4,500.

Ansted
The Ansted was an American automobile; successor to the Lexington and the Ansted-Lexington, it was manufactured from 1926 to 1927.  Following the sale of the Lexington plant in Connersville, Indiana to Auburn, the company marketed its last cars as Ansteds.  They were the same as Lexingtons, differing only in their radiators, emblems, and hubcaps.
The Incredible Sound Machine
The Incredible Sound Machine is the fifth and final studio album by old school hip hop/electro funk group Mantronix, and the third Mantronix album released on Capitol Records. The Incredible Sound Machine featured new member, vocalist Jade Trini, who replaced D.J. D.  Trini joined rapper Bryce "Luvah" Wilson (who made his debut on Mantronix's previous album, 1990's This Should Move Ya), and founding member, DJ Kurtis Mantronik.

The Incredible Sound Machine was a departure from previous Mantronix albums, in that it favored house music, R&B, and new jack swing over the old school hip hop/electro funk sound for which the group was most famously known.

Shortly after the European tour and promotion related to the release of the album, which was critically panned and commercially disappointing, Mantronix disbanded.

Bryce Wilson
Bryce Wilson (born October 7, 1972) is an American record producer, entrepreneur and actor. He was one half of the 1990s duo Groove Theory, and a former member of the dance/electro hip-hop group Mantronix.
Francisco Ada
Francisco Castro Ada (September 26, 1934 – March 2, 2010) was a Northern Mariana Islander politician who served as the first lieutenant governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from January 9, 1978 to January 11, 1982, under Carlos S. Camacho, the territory's first governor.

Ada is credited with spearheading the construction of much of the modern infrastructure in the Northern Mariana Islands, including Francisco C. Ada/Saipan International Airport, the Commonwealth Ports Authority, and the Northern Marianas College.

Saipan International Airport
Saipan International Airport (IATA: SPN, ICAO: PGSN, FAA LID: GSN), also known as Francisco C. Ada/Saipan International Airport, is a public airport located on Saipan Island in the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The airport is owned by Commonwealth Ports Authority.  Its airfield was previously known as Aslito (during the Japanese South Seas Mandate) and Isely Field (during the American World War II and later period).

This airport is assigned a three-letter location identifier of GSN by the Federal Aviation Administration, but the International Air Transport Association (IATA) airport code is SPN (the IATA assigned GSN to Mount Gunson Airport in Australia).
Codonanthe
Codonanthe is a genus of mainly epiphytic plants in the family Gesneriaceae, endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The botanical name comes from the Ancient Greek for 'bellflower'. They have white or pale pink flowers and somewhat fleshy leaves. In 2013, the genus was reduced in size when more than half of the species were transferred to Codonanthopsis. They can be grown as houseplants, particularly in hanging baskets. Artificial crosses with Nematanthus hybrids have produced the hybrid genus × Codonatanthus.

Codonanthopsis
Codonanthopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. Its native range is from southern Mexico through tropical America to Bolivia and most of Brazil. Codonanthopsis species are generally trailing epiphytes with pale flowers. Most have a mutualistic relationship with tree-living ants: the plants provide the ants with food, including nectar, and give their nests structure and support, while the ants disperse the plants' seeds. The genus was considerably expanded in 2013 when species were transferred from Codonanthe. Some Codonanthopsis species are cultivated as houseplants, when they may be grown in hanging baskets.