hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Major Force
Major Force (Clifford Zmeck) is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Major Force is the evil foil personality of the superhero Captain Atom, with both having gained their powers from an experiment overseen by General Wade Eiling. In later appearances, he also serves as an enemy to Green Lantern (Kyle Rayner, Guy Gardner, and Hal Jordan).

Guy Gardner (character)
Guy Darrin Gardner, one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, usually in association with the Green Lantern Corps, of which he is a member. Gardner has also been a member of various incarnations of the Justice League.

Gardner has been substantially adapted into media outside comics, primarily in association with the Green Lanterns. James Arnold Taylor, Diedrich Bader, and Troy Baker have voiced the character in animation. Matthew Settle portrayed the character in the television pilot Justice League of America. Nathan Fillion portrays Gardner in the DC Universe film Superman, a role he also plays in the second season of the television series Peacemaker and the upcoming television series Lanterns.
Autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency
Autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency (AD-GTPCHD) is a disease caused by dysfunction of GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme that plays an important role in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, and, as a consequence, of dopamine. This condition is one of the six known causes of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency and is the most frequently-reported cause of dopa-responsive dystonia.

Dopamine-responsive dystonia
Dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD) also known as Segawa syndrome (SS), is a genetic movement disorder which usually manifests itself during early childhood at around ages 5–8 years (variable start age).

Characteristic symptoms are increased muscle tone (dystonia, such as clubfoot) and Parkinsonian features, typically absent in the morning or after rest but worsening during the day and with exertion. Children with dopamine-responsive dystonia are often misdiagnosed as having cerebral palsy. The disorder responds well to treatment with levodopa.
Milligan Street, Perth
Milligan Street is a street in Perth, Western Australia that runs from St Georges Terrace to north of Wellington Street. The northern section provides access to the Perth Arena carpark and Telethon Avenue; there are also dedicated Transperth bus roads connecting to the northern end, south of the Fremantle railway line.

A small side-street of the same name branches off the east side of Milligan Street between Murray and Wellington Streets, and forms a second intersection with Wellington Street.

Wellington Street, Perth
Wellington Street is the northernmost of the four primary east-west streets in the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. It is 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) long, stretching from Plain Street in East Perth to Thomas Street in West Perth.
Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir
Ranbir Singh GCIE (August 1830 – 12 September 1885) was Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir belonging to the Dogra dynasty from 1856 until his death in 1885.

Ranbir Singh was the third son of Gulab Singh, the founder of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ranbir Singh ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to his poor health. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex Gilgit which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. The princely states of Hunza and Nagar started paying tributes to Jammu and Kashmir during his reign. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the Ranbir Penal Code during his reign. Ranbir Singh was a scholar of Sanskrit and Persian languages and had many books translated.

Gulab Singh
Gulab Singh (21 October 1792 – 30 June 1857) was the first Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and the founder of the Dogra dynasty. Originally a commander of the Sikh Empire, he sided with the British in the First Anglo-Sikh War and briefly became prime minister of the Sikh Empire in 1846. In the same year he signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the British, establishing the state of Jammu and Kashmir under the suzerainty of the British Raj; this treaty formalized the transfer of all lands that were ceded by the Sikhs to the British in the Treaty of Lahore.
Palazzo Barberini
The Palazzo Barberini (English: Barberini Palace) is a 17th-century palace in Rome, facing the Piazza Barberini in Rione Trevi. Today, it houses the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, the main national collection of older paintings in Rome.

Piazza Barberini
Piazza Barberini is a large piazza in the centro storico or city center of Rome, Italy and situated on the Quirinal Hill. It was created in the 16th century but many of the surrounding buildings have subsequently been rebuilt.
Prix Iris for Best Screenplay
The Prix Iris for Best Screenplay (French: Prix Iris du meilleur scénario) is an annual film award, presented by Québec Cinéma as part of its Prix Iris program, to honour the year's best screenplay in the Cinema of Quebec.

Until 2016, it was known as the Jutra Award for Best Screenplay in memory of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra. Following the withdrawal of Jutra's name from the award, the 2016 award was presented under the name Québec Cinéma. The Prix Iris name was announced in October 2016.

Bernard Émond, Philippe Falardeau and Ken Scott are the most nominated screenwriters with five nominations each. Xavier Dolan became the first screenwriter to receive two nominations in the same year for Mommy and Tom at the Farm (Tom à la ferme) in 2015, a feat repeated in 2023 by Eric K. Boulianne for The Dishwasher (Le plongeur) and Viking.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Wisconsin Elections Commission
The Wisconsin Elections Commission is a bipartisan regulatory agency of the state of Wisconsin established to administer and enforce election laws in the state. The Wisconsin Elections Commission was established by a 2015 act of the Wisconsin Legislature which also established the Wisconsin Ethics Commission to administer campaign finance, ethics, and lobbying laws. The two commissions began operation on June 30, 2016, replacing the Wisconsin Government Accountability Board (GAB), which was abolished.

The Government Accountability Board had been established in 2008 to replace the Wisconsin Elections Board and Wisconsin Ethics Board.

Wisconsin Government Accountability Board
The Wisconsin Government Accountability Board (G.A.B.) was a regulatory agency of the U.S. state of Wisconsin which administered and enforced Wisconsin law pertaining to campaign finance, elections, ethics, and lobbying.  The board was composed of six retired Wisconsin judges who served staggered, six-year terms.  The board was created in 2007 as an attempt to reform and modernize Wisconsin's elections and ethics management.  The board was dissolved in 2016 by the Republican legislature and replaced by two new commissions with explicitly partisan appointees (Wisconsin Ethics Commission & Wisconsin Elections Commission), over the objections of Democratic legislators.
Susanna Hall
Susanna Hall (née Shakespeare; baptised 26 May 1583 – 11 July 1649) was the oldest child of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway and the older sister of twins Judith and Hamnet Shakespeare. Susanna married John Hall, a local physician, in 1607. They had one daughter, Elizabeth, in 1608. Elizabeth married Thomas Nash, son of Anthony Nash on 22 April 1626 at Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.

Judith Quiney
Judith Quiney (baptised 2 February 1585 – 9 February 1662), née Shakespeare, was the younger daughter of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway and the fraternal twin of their only son, Hamnet Shakespeare. She married Thomas Quiney, a vintner of Stratford-upon-Avon. The circumstances of the marriage, including Quiney's misconduct, may have prompted the rewriting of Shakespeare's will. Thomas was struck out, while Judith's inheritance was attached with provisions to safeguard it from her husband. The bulk of Shakespeare's estate was left, in an elaborate fee tail, to his elder daughter, Susanna, and her male heirs.

Judith and Thomas Quiney had three children. By the time of Judith Quiney's death, she had outlived her children by many years. She has been depicted in several works of fiction as part of an attempt to piece together unknown portions of her father's life.
Spanish Riding School
The Spanish Riding School (German: Spanische Hofreitschule) is an Austrian institution based in Vienna, dedicated to the preservation of classical dressage and the training of Lipizzaner horses, whose performances in the Hofburg are also a tourist attraction. The leading horses and riders of the school also periodically tour and perform worldwide.  It is one of the "Big Four", the most prestigious classical riding academies in the world, alongside the Cadre Noir, the Portuguese School of Equestrian Art, and the Royal Andalusian School.

Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art
36°41′29″N 6°08′21″W﻿ / ﻿36.69151°N 6.13907°W﻿ / 36.69151; -6.13907

The Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art (Spanish: Real Escuela Andaluza del Arte Ecuestre) is an institution dedicated to the preservation of the equestrian arts, in the Spanish tradition, based in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. It is one of the "Big Four", the most prestigious classical riding academies in the world.
École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tarbes
The École nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (French pronunciation: [ekɔl nɑsjɔnal dɛ̃ʒenjœʁ də taʁb]; transl. "National School of Engineers of Tarbes"; ENIT) is a French school of engineering leading to the French Diplôme d'Ingénieur under the authority of the French Ministry of Education and Research and part of the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (INPT). Founded in 1963, about 200 students graduate from the ENIT each year.
ENIT is part of the ENI group (national schools of engineers), which is a network of 4 French public engineering schools.

National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse
National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (French: Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse, pronounced [ɛ̃stity nɑsjɔnal pɔlitɛknik də tuluz]; abbr. Toulouse INP) is a French university cluster based in Toulouse, France, part of the University of Toulouse. It was founded in 1969. The institute is composed of seven schools (six engineering schools and one school of veterinary medicine) and 17 research laboratories. The institute delivers master's degrees and Ph.D. It is a member of Institut au service du spatial, de ses applications et technologies.
Devyani Rana
Devyani Rana is the second daughter of Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana and Rani Usha Raje Scindia, daughter of Jiwaji Rao Scindia, the last maharaja of Gwalior, and the wife of  Aishwarya Singh. News reports in 2001 suggested that the Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal wanted to marry her, but his parents did not agree, and that the refusal was the reason he carried out the Nepalese royal massacre, although other reasons have been suggested as well.

Nepalese royal massacre
The Nepalese royal massacre (also called Durbar Hatyakanda, दरबार हत्याकाण्ड) was a mass shooting which occurred on 1 June 2001 at the Narayanhiti Palace, the then-residence of the Nepali monarchy, resulting in the deaths of nine members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya. A government-appointed inquiry team named Crown Prince Dipendra as the perpetrator of the massacre. Dipendra was declared king following the death of his parents but was comatose after shooting himself at the scene; he died in a hospital three days later without regaining consciousness. Birendra's brother Gyanendra then became king.
Marohita mouse lemur
The Marohita mouse lemur (Microcebus marohita) is a species of mouse lemur known only from the Marohita Forest in eastern Madagascar, near the village of Marolambo.  Specimens were first collected in December 2003, and its discovery was announced in 2013 along with the Anosy mouse lemur (Microcebus tanosi).  It is a large mouse lemur, weighing up to 89 g (3.1 oz), and lives within the same area as the Goodman's mouse lemur (M. lehilahytsara), Simmons' mouse lemur (M. simmonsi), and the brown mouse lemur (M. rufus), all four of which are nearly identical in appearance.  Its fur is rufous on its back and grayish-beige on its underside.  Nothing is known about its behavior.  Its conservation status was evaluated as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2012, before it was formally described, because its only known habitat had severely degraded between 2003 and 2012.

Mouse lemur
The mouse lemurs are nocturnal lemurs of the genus Microcebus. Like all lemurs, mouse lemurs are native to Madagascar.

Mouse lemurs have a combined head, body and tail length of 20–30 centimetres (7.9–11.8 in) and weigh 30–65 grams (1.1–2.3 oz), making them the smallest primates (the smallest species being Madame Berthe's mouse lemur); however, their weight fluctuates in response to daylight duration. Lemurs and mouse lemurs were announced by the IUCN as the most endangered of all vertebrates. There were two known mouse lemur species in 1992; by 2016, there were 24. It was estimated that the 24 mouse lemur species evolved from a common ancestor 18–11 million years ago. They can live for about 18 years in captivity. Gestation is about 2 months. The total population for mouse lemurs isn't yet known.
Dipole repeller
The dipole repeller is a center of effective repulsion in the large-scale flow of galaxies in the neighborhood of the Milky Way, first detected in 2017.
It is thought to represent a large supervoid, the Dipole Repeller Void.

The dipole repeller is directly opposed to the Shapley Attractor, an over-density of galaxies located in the Shapley Supercluster. The dipole repeller's apparent repulsion is due to matter in the vicinity being pulled towards the Shapley Attractor, along with the Great Attractor. Due to this, the dipole repeller has likely become devoid of matter, causing an apparent repulsion on galaxies between the repeller and the Shapley Attractor.

Shapley Supercluster
The Shapley Supercluster or Shapley Concentration (SCl 124) is one of the largest concentrations of galaxies in the universe that forms a gravitationally interacting unit, thereby pulling itself together instead of expanding with the universe. It appears as a striking overdensity in the distribution of galaxies in the constellation of Centaurus. Its center is located roughly 650 million light-years away (z=0.046).

Latest observations suggest Shapley Concentration may contain the Laniakea (which in turn contains the Local Group, including the Milky Way) along with a few other nearby superclusters that are moving towards the structure.
Thekla Hofer
Thekla Catharina Charlotta Hofer née Falck (1852–1938) was a Swedish operatic soprano and later voice teacher. She made her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1879 as Rosina in The Barber of Seville. In addition to performing in various theatres in Sweden, she was a highly applauded guest in Weimar, St Petersburg and Riga. In the mid-1990s, she retired from the stage to teach with pupils including Signe Rappe and Karin Branzell.

Signe Rappe-Welden
Signe Rappe-Welden née Rappe (24 September 1879 – 21 May 1974) was a Swedish operatic soprano and voice teacher. She made her dëbut in 1906 in Mannheim, acclaimed for both her voice and acting ability. She performed in Vienna from 1908 to 1911 and received the title of court singer in Sweden in 1909. Her most successful role was that of Salome in Covent Garden in 1910, which she later performed with Richard Strauss as conductor. After a short period with the Royal Swedish Opera (1912–1913), she went on to give concerts in Europe and the United States.
Nanahughmilleria
Nanahughmilleria ("dwarf Hughmilleria") is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of Nanahughmilleria have been discovered in deposits of Devonian and Silurian age in the United States, Norway, Russia, England and Scotland, and have been referred to several different species.

Nanahughmilleria is classified in the family Adelophthalmidae, the only clade in the superfamily Adelophthalmoidea. This clade was characterised by their small size, their parabolic (approximately U-shaped) carapaces and the presence of epimera (lateral "extensions" of the segment) on the seventh segment, among others. Nanahughmilleria was different from its relatives by the presence of more spines in its appendages (limbs) and by its genital morphology. The largest species confidently assigned to the genus was N. norvegica at 10 cm (3.9 in), making it a comparatively small eurypterid.

Hughmilleria
Hughmilleria is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of Hughmilleria have been discovered in deposits of the Silurian age in China and the United States. Classified as part of the basal family Hughmilleriidae, the genus contains three species, H. shawangunk from the eastern United States, H. socialis from Pittsford, New York, and H. wangi from Hunan, China. The genus is named in honor of the Scottish geologist Hugh Miller.

H. socialis is the type species of Hughmilleriidae, a eurypterid family classified in the superfamily Pterygotioidea that is differentiated by their streamlined bodies, the enlargement of their medium-sized chelicerae and the presence of paired spines on the walking appendages. With the biggest specimen measuring 20 centimetres (8 inches) in length, Hughmilleria is considered a eurypterid of small size.
Wang Zhang
Wang Zhang (Chinese: 王章) (died December 24, 950) was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Han.  Wang was one of the key officials that Later Han's founding emperor Liu Zhiyuan (Emperor Gaozu) left in charge of the government during the youth of his son and successor Liu Chengyou (Emperor Yin), but Liu Chengyou eventually tired of these officials' governance and had Wang killed, along with Yang Bin and Shi Hongzhao.

Liu Chengyou
Liu Chengyou (Chinese: 劉承祐) (28 March 931 – 2 January 951), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Yin of Later Han (後漢隱帝), was the second and last emperor of the Later Han dynasty of China, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 948 until his death in 951.

Liu Chengyou was only 16 years old when he succeeded his father Liu Zhiyuan (Emperor Gaozu), who died abruptly. His reign was marked by the arbitrary killing of his important ministers, which eventually led to his downfall. When he killed the entire family of general Guo Wei without Guo in 951, Guo's army attacked the capital, and Liu Chengyou was killed in the chaos.

There is a reference to Liu Chengyou as "Liu Chenghan" in the epitaph of Liu Zhiyuan, son of his cousin Liu Yun. Liu Chengyou may thus have changed his name on his accession as emperor.
Teluk Kumbar
Teluk Kumbar is a suburb of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located about 17.8 km (11.1 mi) south of the city centre, at the southern coast of Penang Island between Bayan Lepas to the east and Gertak Sanggul to the west.

Bayan Lepas
Bayan Lepas is a suburb of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located near the southeastern tip of Penang Island, 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the city centre, it is home to the Penang International Airport, the third busiest airport in Malaysia, as well as one of the oldest free industrial zones in the country.

Established sometime in the 19th century, Bayan Lepas had been an agricultural village, with rice production as its mainstay. The British built what is now the Penang International Airport in 1935, but it was only in the 1970s when Bayan Lepas witnessed widescale transformation with the creation of the eponymous free industrial zone.

Today, electronics manufacturing and logistics have replaced agriculture as the major economic sectors at Bayan Lepas, while residential and commercial developments have accelerated, including Queensbay Mall, one of the largest shopping malls in George Town.
Waterloo Soldier
The Waterloo Soldier is the skeleton of a soldier who died during the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815. The skeleton is kept at the Memorial of Waterloo 1815.

The remains were discovered in 2012 during archaeological excavations carried out on the construction site of a new car park created at the approach of the bicentenary of the battle in June 2015. It is believed the remains are those of a 23-year-old soldier from Hanover, fighting in the King's German Legion made of exiled Hanoverians who fought as part of  the Duke of Wellington's army.

Waterloo 1815 Memorial
The Waterloo 1815 Memorial (French: Mémorial Waterloo 1815) is a Belgian museum complex located on the site of the Waterloo battlefield in Belgium. It includes a museum inaugurated in 2015, the Lion's Mound, the Panorama of the Battle of Waterloo and the Hougoumont farm.
Cel shading
Cel shading or toon shading is a type of non-photorealistic rendering designed to make 3D computer graphics appear to be flat and hand-drawn by using less shading color instead of a shade gradient or tints and shades.  A cel shader is often used to mimic the style of a comic book or a cartoon and/or give the render a characteristic paper-like texture. There are similar techniques that can make an image look like a sketch, an oil painting or an ink painting. Though the end result of cel-shading has a very simplistic feel like that of hand-drawn animation, the process is complex. The name comes from cels (short for celluloid), clear sheets of acetate which are painted on for use in traditional 2D animation.

Shader
In computer graphics, a shader is a programmable operation which is applied to data as it moves through the rendering pipeline. Shaders can act on data such as vertices and primitives—to generate or morph geometry—and fragments –to calculate the values in a rendered image.

Shaders can execute a wide variety of operations and can run on different types of hardware. In modern real-time computer graphics, shaders are run on graphics processing units (GPUs) –dedicated hardware which provides highly parallel execution of programs. As rendering an image is embarrassingly parallel, fragment and pixel shaders scale well on SIMD hardware. Historically, the drive for faster rendering has produced highly-parallel processors which can in turn be used for other SIMD amenable algorithms. Such shaders executing in a compute pipeline are commonly called compute shaders.