hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fábricas de Francia
Fábricas de Francia (English: Factories of France) was a Mexican department store founded in 1878 in Guadalajara as a lingerie store by 3 French immigrants. In 1988, the El Puerto de Liverpool group bought the chain. By 2018, there were 41 Fábricas stores across Mexico. In 2018  and 2019, El Puerto de Liverpool phased out the Fábricas de Francia brand and all stores were converted to either the Liverpool or Suburbia brand, except for three that were closed permanently.

Liverpool (department store)
Liverpool is a Mexican department stores chain founded by Jean Baptiste Ebrard in 1847. It is owned by the holding company El Puerto de Liverpool.

El Puerto de Liverpool is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) under the ticker symbol LIVEPOL. The company also holds a 50% stake in Unicomer, a company that has retail chains in 26 Latin American countries. The Group's headquarters are in Santa Fe, a suburb and a main business center in Mexico City.

El Puerto de Liverpool group also owned another department store chain Fábricas de Francia, and in 2018-19 eliminated the brand, converting 14 stores to the Suburbia format, 23 to Liverpool, and permanently closing 4.
Petrus Steyn
Petrus Steyn, officially Mamafubedu, is a small farming town between Tweeling and Kroonstad, 35 km north-east of Lindley in the Free State province of South Africa. It is at the centre of an agricultural area known for wheat, maize, sunflower, potato, cattle, hunting, sheep production and forms part of the breadbasket in the Free State. It is the highest town above sea level in the Free State. Farming industries in Petrus Steyn provide potatoes worldwide. Petrus Steyn, is located within the Grassland biomes which is the second largest biome in the country, covering 29% of the land area. The town is underlain by both the Adelaide and Tarkastad geological formations.

Petrus Steyn has an estimated 12 800 people in total as per 2011 census results. In 2012, the South African Geographical Names Council (SAGNC) decided to rename the town of Petrus Steyn to Mamafubedu.

Lindley, Free State
Lindley is a small town situated on the banks of the Vals River in the eastern region of the Free State province of South Africa. It was named after an American missionary, Daniel Lindley, who was the first ordained minister to the Voortrekkers in Natal. Basotho call it Ntha, after the river.

The settlement of Lindley was laid out in 1875 on the farm Brandhoek and was proclaimed a town in 1878. The main route to the town is the R707. Lindley, together with its neighbouring towns of Reitz, Petrus Steyn and Arlington form the Nketoana Local Municipality.
Early inhabitants were Dihoja, a group of Basotho people who lived in prehistoric stone huts or sedan Beehive stone huts found in the area.

Lindley has reestablished their proud rugby union in 2016, after having little success since being ranked first in the Free State in 1994.
Phil English
Philip Sheridan English (born June 20, 1956) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995–2009 from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, representing the state's 3rd Congressional district.

After 14 years in the U.S. House, he was defeated for reelection by Democrat Kathy Dahlkemper on November 4, 2008.

Kathy Dahlkemper
Kathleen Ann Dahlkemper (née Steenberge; born December 10, 1957) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, she was elected the county executive of Erie County, Pennsylvania in 2013 and served as the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 2009 to 2011.
Ganbare Pro-Wrestling
Ganbare☆Pro-Wrestling (ガンバレ☆プロレス, Ganbare☆Puroresu; GanPro) is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded in 2013 as a sister promotion of DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). The promotion ran as a brand under the DDT umbrella, until DDT became CyberFight in 2020. It was then considered a sister promotion to DDT, Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling and Pro Wrestling Noah, until 2024 when GanPro became independent.

CyberFight
CyberFight Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社CyberFight, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Saibāfaito), operating simply as CyberFight (CF), is a Japanese professional wrestling parent company based in Tokyo. It is a subsidiary of the CyberAgent digital advertising company. CyberFight serves as an umbrella brand for three promotions: Pro Wrestling Noah, DDT Pro-Wrestling and Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling.
Peace lines
The peace lines or peace walls are a series of separation barriers in Northern Ireland that separate predominantly Irish republican or nationalist Catholic neighbourhoods from predominantly British loyalist or unionist Protestant neighbourhoods. They have been built at urban interface areas in Belfast and elsewhere.

The majority of peace walls are located in Belfast, but they also exist in other regions of Northern Ireland with more than 32 kilometres (20 miles) in total.

Interface area
Interface area is the name given  in Northern Ireland to areas where segregated nationalist and unionist residential areas meet. They have been defined as "the intersection of segregated and polarised working class residential zones, in areas with a strong link between
territory and ethno-political identity".
Mirny Station
The Mirny Station (Russian: Мирный, lit. 'peaceful') is a Russian Antarctic science station. It is located in Queen Mary Land, Antarctica,  on the Antarctic coast of the Davis Sea.

The station is managed by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and was named after the support vessel Mirny captained by Mikhail Lazarev during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition, led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen on Vostok.

Mirny Station was damaged by a fire on Sunday 21 June 2020.

Research stations in Antarctica
Multiple governments have set up permanent research stations in Antarctica and these bases are widely distributed. Unlike the drifting ice stations set up in the Arctic, the current research stations of the Antarctic are constructed either on rocks or on ice that are (for practical purposes) fixed in place.

Many of these stations are staffed throughout the year. Of the 56 signatories to the Antarctic Treaty, a total of 55 countries (as of 2023) operate seasonal (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent. The number of people performing and supporting scientific research on the continent and nearby islands varies from approximately 4,800 during the summer to around 1,200 during the winter (June). In addition to these permanent stations, approximately 30 field camps are established each summer to support specific projects.
Historic Environment Scotland
Historic Environment Scotland (HES) (Scottish Gaelic: Àrainneachd Eachdraidheil Alba) is an executive non-departmental public body responsible for investigating, caring for and promoting Scotland's historic environment. HES was formed in 2015 from the merger of government agency Historic Scotland with the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS).

Historic Scotland
Historic Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba Aosmhor) was an executive agency of the Scottish Office and later the Scottish Government from 1991 to 2015, responsible for safeguarding Scotland's built heritage and promoting its understanding and enjoyment. Under the terms of a Bill of the Scottish Parliament published on 3 March 2014, Historic Scotland was dissolved and its functions were transferred to Historic Environment Scotland (HES) on 1 October 2015. HES also took over the functions of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
Jeff Coffin
Jeff Stanley Coffin (born August 5, 1965) is an American saxophonist, composer, and educator. He is a three-time Grammy Award winner as a member of Bela Fleck and the Flecktones, with whom he performed from 1997 until 2010. In July 2008, Coffin began touring with Dave Matthews Band and joined the group in 2009 following the death of founding member LeRoi Moore. He also leads his group Jeff Coffin & the Mu'tet.

LeRoi Moore
LeRoi Holloway Moore (September 7, 1961 – August 19, 2008) was an American saxophonist. He was a founding member of the Dave Matthews Band. Moore often arranged music for songs written by Dave Matthews. Moore also co-wrote many of the band's songs, notably "Too Much" and "Stay (Wasting Time)".
Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension
Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension (French pronunciation: [vilʁɛ sɛ̃ miʃɛl paʁk ɛkstɑ̃sjɔ̃]) is a borough (arrondissement) in the city of Montreal, Quebec. It had a population of 145,090 according to the 2021 Census and a land area of 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 mi2).

The borough of Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension was created on January 1, 2002, following the municipal reorganization of Montreal. The borough includes the neighbourhoods of Villeray, Saint-Michel, and Parc-Extension.

Saint-Michel, Montreal
Saint-Michel (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ miʃɛl] ⓘ) is a neighbourhood in the Montreal borough of
Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension. It is named for a colonial-era road in the neighbourhood.

Its boundaries correspond to the former city of  Ville Saint Michel, which was annexed to Montreal in 1968. This formerly independent city was known as Saint-Michel-de-Laval from its inception in 1912 to 1914 and  Ville Saint Michel from 1914 to 1968. This was one of the last cities to be merged into Montreal before the 2002 municipal reorganization.
Marco Antonio Barrera
Marco Antonio Barrera Tapia (born January 17, 1974) is a Mexican former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2011. He held multiple world championships in three weight classes between 1995 and 2007, from super bantamweight to super featherweight.

After a brief retirement after losing twice to Junior Jones, Barrera revived his career with a trilogy against Erik Morales and a win against Naseem Hamed, earning him the Ring magazine featherweight title. He lost this title in his first fight against Manny Pacquiao. BoxRec currently ranks Barrera 55th in its list of the greatest boxers of all time, pound for pound, while ESPN ranked Barrera as 43rd on their list of the 50 greatest boxers of all time. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2017.

Erik Morales
Erik Isaac Morales Elvira (born September 1, 1976) is a Mexican politician and former professional boxer who competed from 1993 to 2012. He is the first Mexico-born boxer in history to win world championships in four weight classes, ranging from super bantamweight to light welterweight.

Morales defeated fifteen world champions during the course of his career, and is famous for his trilogies with fellow Mexican legend Marco Antonio Barrera, as well as Manny Pacquiao. ESPN ranked Morales at number 49 on their list of the 50 greatest boxers of all time.

Morales was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in June 2018.
7th Dragoon Guards
The 7th (The Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1688 as Lord Cavendish's Regiment of Horse. It was renamed as the 8th Horse in 1694 and the 7th (The Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards for Princess Charlotte in 1788. It saw service for two centuries, including the First World War, before being amalgamated with the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, to form the 4th/7th Dragoon Guards in 1922.

4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards
The 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment of the British Army formed in 1922. It served in the Second World War. However following the reduction of forces at the end of the Cold War and proposals contained in the Options for Change paper, the regiment was amalgamated with the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, to form the new Royal Dragoon Guards in 1992.
Anna Polivanchuk
Anna Polivanchuk (born 31 August 1990) is a Swedish female deaf swimmer and also the twin sister of Alexandra Polivanchuk. She competed at the Deaflympics in 2005 and 2009. She currently holds the deaf world swimming record in the women's 400m freestyle event which was set by her in 2006. She also graduated and continued her swimming career with the Gallaudet University.

Alexandra Polivanchuk
Alexandra Polivanchuk (born 31 August 1990) is a Swedish female deaf swimmer who is also the twin sister of Anna Polivanchuk. She has represented Sweden at the Deaflympics in 2005, 2009 and 2013. She currently holds the deaf world swimming records in  50m and 100m butterfly events. She graduated and has been training the sport of swimming at the Gallaudet University.
Omphacite
Omphacite is a member of the clinopyroxene group of silicate minerals with formula: (Ca, Na)(Mg, Fe2+, Al)Si2O6. It is a variably deep to pale green or nearly colorless variety of clinopyroxene. It normally appears in eclogite, which is the high-pressure metamorphic rock of basalt. Omphacite is the solid solution of Fe-bearing diopside and jadeite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system with prismatic, typically twinned forms, though usually anhedral.  Its space group can be P2/n or C2/c depending on the thermal history.  It exhibits the typical near 90° pyroxene cleavage. It is brittle with specific gravity of 3.29 to 3.39 and a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6.

Jadeite
Jadeite is a pyroxene mineral with composition NaAlSi2O6. It is hard (Mohs hardness of about 6.5 to 7.0), very tough, and dense, with a specific gravity of about 3.4. It is found in a wide range of colors, but is most often found in shades of green or white. Jadeite is formed only in the subduction zones of continental margins, where rock undergoes metamorphism at high pressure but relatively low temperature.

Jadeite is the principal mineral making up the most valuable form of jade, a precious stone particularly prized in China. Most gem-quality jadeite jade comes from northern Myanmar. Jade tools and implements have been found at Stone Age sites, showing that the mineral has been prized by humans since before the beginning of written history.
The Wedding of Smailagić Meho
The Wedding of Smailagić Meho (Serbo-Croatian: Ženidba Smailagić Meha; also translated as The Wedding of Meho, Son of Smail) is a South Slavic oral epic poem of the Bosniak epic tradition. It recounts the coming of age of the frontier hero Meho Smailagić, who leaves the Ottoman border fortress of Kanjiža to obtain official investiture as a military leader in Buda and to secure his marriage, overcoming ambush, treachery and a large scale battle on the Ottoman–Habsburg frontier.

The most famous version of the poem was dictated between 5 and 12 July 1935 by the guslar Avdo Međedović to collectors Milman Parry and Albert Lord in Bijelo Polje. This text, preserved as Parry Collection no. 6840, consists of 12,311 decasyllabic lines and is one of the longest recorded epics in the Serbo-Croatian oral tradition. It has been discussed in scholarship on the oral-formulaic theory of composition.

Bosniak epic poetry
Bosniak epic poetry (Bosnian: Bošnjačke epske narodne pjesme) is a form of epic poetry originating in today's Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the Sandžak region, which is a part of modern-day Serbia and Montenegro. Bosniak epic poetry developed during the Ottoman period. Historically, they were accompanied by the Gusle. The theory of oral-formulaic composition was developed also through the scholarly study of Bosnian epic verse.
2025 Women's Hockey Central-South Africa Qualifier for the Africa Cup of Nations
The 2025 Women's Hockey Central-South Africa Qualifier for the Africa Cup of Nations will be a series of 3 qualification events for the Africa Cup of Nations. It was held alongside the men's tournament in Harare, Zimbabwe from 17 – 24 August 2024.

Namabia won their first title the Zimbabwe in the final 3–1. The top three teams qualified for the 2025  Africa Cup of Nations.

2025 Men's Hockey Central-South Africa Qualifier for the Africa Cup of Nations
The 2025 Men's Hockey Central-South Africa Qualifier for the Africa Cup of Nations  was a qualification event for the Africa Cup of Nations. It was held alongside the women's qualifier in Harare, Zimbabwe from 17 to 24 August 2024.

Namabia won the tournament by defeating Zambia 4–0 in the final. As the top two teams they qualified for the 2025  Africa Cup of Nations.
Spatial capacity
Spatial capacity is an indicator of "data intensity" in a transmission medium. It is usually used in conjunction with wireless transport mechanisms. This is analogous to the way that lumens per square meter determine illumination intensity.

Spatial capacity focuses not only on bit rates for data transfer but on bit rates available in confined spaces defined by short transmission ranges. It is measured in bits per second per square meter.

Among those leading research in spatial capacity are Jan Rabaey at the University of California, Berkeley. Some have suggested the term "spatial efficiency" as more descriptive. Marc Weiser, former chief technologist of Xerox PARC, was another contributor to the field who commented on the importance of spatial capacity.

The System spectral efficiency is the spatial capacity divided by the bandwidth in hertz of the available frequency band.

Spectral efficiency
Spectral efficiency (alternatively, spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency) refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system. It is a measure of how efficiently a limited frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol, and sometimes by the medium access control (the channel access protocol).
Ptolemaida
Ptolemaida (Greek: Πτολεμαΐδα, romanized: Ptolemaïda, Katharevousa: Πτολεμαΐς, Ptolemaïs) is a town and a former municipality in the Kozani regional unit of Western Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Eordaia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is known for its coal (lignite) mines and its power stations.

Eordaia
Eordaia (Greek: Εορδαία) is a municipality in the Kozani regional unit of Western Macedonia, Greece, located in substantially the same geographical area as the ancient region of the same name. It covers an area of 708.807 km2 and has a population of 42,515 according to the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality is the town of Ptolemaida.
Liverpool railway station, Sydney
Liverpool railway station is a heritage-listed suburban railway station located on the Main Southern line, serving the Sydney suburb of Liverpool. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Leppington & Inner West Line, T3 Liverpool & Inner West Line and T5 Cumberland Line services. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
Battle of Samara Bend
The Battle of Samara Bend (Russian: Монгольско-булгарское сражение, lit. 'Mongolian-Bulgar battle'), also known as the Battle of Kernek, was the first battle between the Volga Bulgaria and the Mongol Empire, which took place during the autumn of 1223 at the southern border of Volga Bulgaria. It is famous for being known as the first battle that the Mongol Empire lost. Although prior to this battle the Mongol army suffered a defeat to Rus' princes at Battle of Oleshia.

The battle at Samara Bend began with the Bulgar forces retreating and the Mongols pursuing them, leading them successfully into a Bulgar ambush. The Bulgars counterattacked the Mongols, and drove them back.

Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate) was a historical Bulgar state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state with large numbers of Bulgars, Finno-Ugrians, Varangians, and East Slavs. Its strategic position allowed it to create a local trade monopoly with Norse, Cumans, and Pannonian Avars.
Victor Rathnayake
Rathnayake Arachchilage Victor (Sinhala:වික්ටර් රත්නායක; born 18 February 1942), popularly known as Victor Rathnayake, is a Sri Lankan singer, composer, lyricist and a renowned musician. He was the first Sri Lankan artist to hold a solo concert; His concert known as "SA" was first performed in 1973, and was an instant success. Rathnayake credits his success to his "fitting blend of Western music with Ragadari classical music." His songs deal with diverse themes that vary from love, to patriotism and Buddhism.

Matara Achchi is the first film he composed music for and its Sandakada Pahana song sung by Sunil Edirisinghe is still very popular among Sinhala music fans. Rathnayake also has composed music for films like Siribo Aiya, Podi Malli, Sarungale, Hulavali and Athuru Mithuru.

Sunil Edirisinghe
Patikirige Sunil Jayapreethi Edirisinghe (Sinhala:සුනිල් එදිරිසිංහ; born 19 December 1949) is a Sri Lankan classical musician. Edirisinghe won the presidential award for playback singing in 1983 for "Maya Miringuva Pirunu Lo Thale" from Adhishtanaya. He was awarded the Swarna Sankha Award for playback singing in 1988 for "Thurulaka Hurathal" from Mangala Thagga and in 1990 for "Walakulak Gena Muwa Karamu" from Saharave Sihinaya. He has also won the Sarasaviya Award for playback singing in 1988 for "Thidasa Pure" from Sandakada Pahana and in 2002 for "Poronduwa" from Poronduwa.
Lugumerci
Lugumerci (Serbian Cyrillic: Лугумерци), also known as Lugomerci (Serbian Cyrillic: Лугомерци), is a small settlement (hamlet) in Serbia. It is situated in the Sombor municipality, West Bačka District, Vojvodina province.

Sombor
Sombor (Serbian Cyrillic: Сомбор, pronounced [sɔ̂ːmbɔr]; Hungarian: Zombor; Pannonian Rusyn: Зомбор, romanized: Zombor) is a city and the administrative center of the West Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city has a total population of 41,814 (as of 2022), while its administrative area (including neighboring villages) has 70,818 inhabitants.
Emulation (observational learning)
In emulation learning, subjects learn about parts of their environment and use this to achieve their own goals and is an observational learning mechanism (sometimes called social learning mechanisms).

In this context, emulation was first coined by child psychologist David Wood in 1988. In 1990 "emulation" was taken up by Michael Tomasello to explain the findings of an earlier study on ape social learning. The meaning of the term emulation has changed gradually over time.

Emulation is different from imitation - because emulation focuses on the action's environmental results instead of a model's action themselves. The fidelity of an observational learning mechanism is expected to have profound implications for its capacity for cultural transmission. Emulation is argued by some to produce only fleeting fidelity - though this is still being discussed.

Observational learning
Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement to occur, but instead, requires a social model such as a parent, sibling, friend, or teacher with surroundings. Particularly in childhood, a model is someone of authority or higher status in an environment. In animals, observational learning is often based on classical conditioning, in which an instinctive behavior is elicited by observing the behavior of another (e.g. mobbing in birds), but other processes may be involved as well.