hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claremont, Tasmania
Claremont is a rural / residential locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Glenorchy (75%) and Derwent Valley (25%) in the Hobart and South-east LGA regions of Tasmania. The locality is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the town of Glenorchy. The 2021 census recorded a population of 8,397 for the state suburb of Claremont.

City of Glenorchy
Glenorchy City Council (or City of Glenorchy) is a local government body in Tasmania, and one of the five municipalities that constitutes the Greater Hobart Area. The Glenorchy local government area has a population of 50,411, covering the suburbs north of central Hobart on the western shore of the Derwent River, including its namesake suburb, Glenorchy.
Drucker–Prager yield criterion
The Drucker–Prager yield criterion is a pressure-dependent model for determining whether a material has failed or undergone plastic yielding.  The criterion was introduced to deal with the plastic deformation of soils.  It and its many variants have been applied to rock, concrete, polymers, foams, and other pressure-dependent materials.

The Drucker–Prager yield criterion has the form

where  is the first invariant of the Cauchy stress and  is the second invariant of the deviatoric part of the Cauchy stress.  The constants  are determined from experiments.

In terms of the equivalent stress (or von Mises stress) and the hydrostatic (or mean) stress, the Drucker–Prager criterion can be expressed as

where  is the equivalent stress,  is the hydrostatic stress, and
 are material constants.  The Drucker–Prager yield criterion expressed in Haigh–Westergaard coordinates is

The Drucker–Prager yield surface is a smooth version of the Mohr–Coulomb yield surface.

William Prager
William Prager, before 1940 Willy Prager (23 May 1903 – 17 March 1980), was a German-born American applied mathematician. In the field of mechanics he is well known for the Drucker–Prager yield criterion.
Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)
On 27 November 2024, a coalition of Syrian opposition groups called the Military Operations Command led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and supported by allied Turkish-backed groups in the Syrian National Army (SNA) launched an offensive against the Ba'athist government's armed forces in Aleppo and Hama Governorates in Syria. Codenamed Deterrence of Aggression by HTS, this was the first military offensive campaign launched by opposition forces in the Syrian civil war since the March 2020 Idlib ceasefire. On 29 November 2024, HTS entered Aleppo and captured most of the city, as the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) collapsed. The next day, opposition forces made rapid advances, capturing dozens of towns and villages as government forces disintegrated, and advanced toward Hama and subsequently capturing it on 5 December. This offensive begun a series of offensives that led to fall of Damascus.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Ricky Starks
Richard Starks (born February 21, 1990) is an American professional wrestler. As of February 2025, he is signed to WWE, where he performs on the NXT brand under the ring name Ricky Saints. He is also known for his work with All Elite Wrestling (AEW) from 2020 to 2025.

Starks began his career as Ricky Starks in 2012 and worked on several independent promotions. In 2018, he began to work with National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), where he was the inaugural holder of the revived NWA World Television Championship. In 2020, he left NWA for AEW where he worked until 2025. With AEW, Starks became part of Team Taz, where he won the FTW Championship. After leaving the stable, he won the Owen Hart Cup tournament and the AEW World Tag Team Championship once. He left AEW in 2025 and signed with WWE soon after, being assigned to NXT, where he won the NXT North American Championship and the NXT Championship.

Cash Wheeler
Daniel Marshall Wheeler (born May 17, 1987) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under the ring name Cash Wheeler and is also one-half of the current and record-tying three-time AEW World Tag Team Champions FTR with Dax Harwood. As FTR, Wheeler and Harwood also wrestle for AEW's sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), and appeared in AEW 's partner promotions Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where they held those promotions' respective tag team championships once each.

Wheeler was previously known for his time in WWE under the ring name Dash Wilder. In WWE, he and Harwood (then known as Scott Dawson) under the team name of The Revival held the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, as well as both the Raw Tag Team Championship and NXT Tag Team Championship twice, making them the first WWE Tag Team Triple Crown winners. They also jointly held the WWE 24/7 Championship.
County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.

Cavan
Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: An Cabhán, meaning 'the hollow') is the county town of County Cavan in Ireland. The town lies in Ulster, near the border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland. The town is bypassed by the main N3 road that links Dublin (to the south) with Enniskillen, Ballyshannon and Donegal Town (to the north).
Scaly stargazer
The scaly stargazer (Pleuroscopus pseudodorsalis) is a stargazer of the family Uranoscopidae. It is a demersal species which has been recorded at depths between 40 and 800 metres (130 and 2,620 ft), although it is most commonly recorded at 200–400 metres (660–1,310 ft). It has a maximum length of 33 centimetres (13 in). It is found in the South Atlantic, southern Indian Ocean and south western Pacific Ocean; in the South Atlantic it has been recorded from the Rio Grande Rise and the Walvis Ridge to the coasts of Namibia around southern Africa to the Madagascar Ridge, south of the island of Madagascar, in the south western Indian Ocean; in Australia it occurs from Western Australia and northern New South Wales, around New Zealand, and it also occurs on ocean ridge near Norfolk Island. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Pleuroscopus.

Stargazer (fish)
The stargazers are a family, Uranoscopidae (from Ancient Greek οὐρανός (ouranós), meaning "sky, heaven", and σκοπέω (skopéō), meaning "to look"), of perciform ray-finned fish that have eyes on top of their heads (hence the name). The family includes about 51 species (one extinct) in eight genera, all marine and found worldwide in shallow and deep saltwaters.
Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos
Mélanie Johanna de Jesus dos Santos (born 5 March 2000) is a French artistic gymnast. She was a member of the bronze medal-winning team at the 2023 World Championships.  She is the 2019 European all-around champion, a two time European champion on the floor exercise (2018, 2019), and the 2021 European champion on the balance beam. She is also the 2018 European silver medalist with the French team, the 2019 European silver medalist on the balance beam, and the 2017 European bronze medalist in the all-around. She represented France at the 2020 Summer Olympics where she placed sixth with the team and on the uneven bars and eleventh in the all-around. She is the 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2024 French all-around champion, and she won the Longines Prize for Elegance in 2019.

Morgane Osyssek
Morgane Osyssek-Reimer (born 15 December 2002) is a French artistic gymnast.  She was a member of the bronze medal-winning teams at the 2023 World Championships and 2024 European Championships.  She represented France at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Bonnie Canino
Bonnie Canino (born 11 January 1962) is a retired American boxer and kickboxer, and former world featherweight champion for two different associations. She also won world titles in kick boxing for two different associations.

She is the former IFBA World Feather weight champion and two time IBF World Featherweight title challenger. She is the former WAKO and World KICK Kickboxing Champion.

In 2014, Canino was inducted into the Women's International Boxing Hall of Fame in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Canino holds notable wins over Gloria Ramirez, Nora Daigle and Sue Chase in her career. She also lost bouts to Chevelle Hallback and Alicia Ashley.

Chevelle Hallback
Chevelle Lynvette Hallback (born September 3, 1971) is a female boxer from Plant City, Florida.  Hallback, nicknamed "Fist of Steel", has been featured on television many times, usually fighting the biggest names in the sport. Hallback is among the most recognized female boxers in the world.
Luttinger's theorem
In condensed matter physics, Luttinger's theorem is a result derived by J. M. Luttinger and J. C. Ward in 1960 that has broad implications in the field of electron transport. It arises frequently in theoretical models of correlated electrons, such as the high-temperature superconductors, and in photoemission, where a metal's Fermi surface can be directly observed.

Fermi surface
In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is the surface in reciprocal space which separates occupied  electron states from unoccupied electron states at zero temperature. The shape of the Fermi surface is derived from the periodicity and symmetry of the crystalline lattice and from the occupation of electronic energy bands. The existence of a Fermi surface is a direct consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle, which allows a maximum of one electron per quantum state. The study of the Fermi surfaces of materials is called fermiology.
Celebrity Millennium
GTS Celebrity Millennium (formerly Millennium) is a Millennium-class cruise ship operated by Celebrity Cruises, a subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group. As the lead ship of her namesake class, all of whom are powered by gas turbines, she was delivered in 2000 and is the oldest operating ship in Celebrity's fleet.

Royal Caribbean Group
Royal Caribbean Group, formerly known as Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., is a cruise holding company headquartered in Miami, Florida, United States and incorporated in Liberia. It is the world's second-largest cruise line operator, after Carnival Corporation & plc. As of September 2025, Royal Caribbean Group fully owns three cruise lines: Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises, and Silversea Cruises. It also holds a 50% stake in TUI Cruises, which operates Mein Schiff and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises, with the Group's global fleet consisting of 69 ships.
The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel
"The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" is a single released by American disc jockey Grandmaster Flash in 1981. It is a live DJ mix recording of Flash scratching and mixing records from various groups using three turntables. The musician employed several DJ techniques in the recording, including crossfading, cutting, rubbing and backspins.

On release, the single was a cult hit and reached number 55 on the Billboard R&B chart. It was also a major critical success, and was ranked at number two among the top ten "Tracks of the Year" for 1981 by NME. Proving crucial in the development of hip hop, the track was highly influential on many DJs, including rapper Dr. Dre, and an early example of what would eventually be termed turntablism. It was also a pivotal release in the development of sampling, megamixes and mashups. Several critics have included it in their lists of the best or most important singles ever.

Scratching
Scratching, sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique of moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to produce percussive or rhythmic sounds. A crossfader on a DJ mixer may be used to fade between two records simultaneously.

While scratching is most associated with hip hop music, where it emerged in the mid-1970s, from the 1990s it has been used in some styles of EDM like techno, trip hop, and house music and rock music such as rap rock, rap metal, rapcore, and nu metal. In hip hop culture, scratching is one of the measures of a DJ's skills. DJs compete in scratching competitions at the DMC World DJ Championships and IDA (International DJ Association), formerly known as ITF (International Turntablist Federation). At scratching competitions, DJs can use only scratch-oriented gear (turntables, DJ mixer, digital vinyl systems or vinyl records only). In recorded hip hop songs, scratched "hooks" often use portions of other songs.
Marty Moe
Martin Troen Moe (born 1965 or 1966) is an American business executive, and the president of Vox Media. Early in his career, he was an associate at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom and an adviser to Lawrence Summers, United States Secretary of the Treasury. He later worked for AOL before joining SportsBlogs Inc, which rebranded as Vox Media in 2011. He is credited as a co-founder of the technology news website The Verge. He was the site's publisher, then Vox Media's chief content officer, before being promoted to the role of president.

The Verge
The Verge is an online American technology news publication headquartered in Lower Manhattan, New York City and operated by Vox Media. The website publishes news, feature stories, guidebooks, product reviews, consumer electronics news, and podcasts.

The website was launched on November 1, 2011 and used Vox Media's proprietary multimedia publishing platform Chorus until January 28, 2025, when it switched to WordPress. In 2014, Nilay Patel was named editor-in-chief and Dieter Bohn executive editor; Helen Havlak was named editorial director in 2017. The Verge won five Webby Awards for the year 2012 including awards for Best Writing (Editorial), Best Podcast for The Vergecast, Best Visual Design, Best Consumer Electronics Site, and Best Mobile News App.
Secret Fruit
Secret Fruit (Chinese: 秘果) is a 2017 Chinese coming-of-age romance film directed by Lien Yi-chi and starring Chen Feiyu and Nana Ou-Yang. It is based upon the novel of the same name by Rao Xueman, who also wrote the film's screenplay. The film was released in China on July 7, 2017.

Ouyang Nana
Ouyang Nana (Chinese: 歐陽娜娜; pinyin: Ōuyáng Nànà; born June 15, 2000) is a Chinese singer, musician and actress from Taiwan. A member of the Ouyang family, known for its artistic background in Taiwan, she has primarily focused her career in mainland China, known for films Beijing Love Story (2014) and Secret Fruit (2017), TV series Yes! Mr. Fashion (2016), and variety show The Birth of An Actor (2017).
Artak Ghulyan
Artak Ghulyan (Armenian: Արտակ Ղուլյան; 28 December 1958 – 16 April 2025) was an Armenian architect and designer, and professor of the International Academy of Architecture. In September 2013, he received the title of "Honored Architect of the Republic of Armenia". In December 2013, he received the "State Prize of the Republic of Armenia" for the design of the Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Library building at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.

Ghulyan designed many civil buildings and monuments, but his fame was mainly based on his evolutionary designs of new Armenian churches.

Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin
Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin (Armenian: Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին, romanized: Mayr At’oř Surb Ēĵmiatsin), known in Armenian as simply the Mother See (Մայր Աթոռ, Mayr At’oř),  is the governing body of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It is headquartered around Etchmiadzin Cathedral in Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), Armenia and is the seat of the Catholicos of All Armenians, the head of the church.
Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina
Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina (29 June 1725 – 29 December 1790) was sovereign Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara from 1731 until her death in 1790. From 1780, she also formally held the title of Duchess consort of Modena and Reggio as the wife of Ercole III d'Este.

Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
Maria Beatrice d'Este (Maria Beatrice Ricciarda; 7 April 1750 – 14 November 1829) was the last descendant of the House of Este, of the House of Cybo-Malaspina and, through her maternal grandmother Ricciarda Gonzaga, also of the Novellara branch of the House of Gonzaga. Ducal princess of Modena and Reggio, she became the sovereign duchess of Massa and Carrara from 1790 until 1796 and from 1815 until her death in 1829. Through her marriage, she was co-founder of the new branch, House of Austria-Este.
Managong Falls
Managong Falls is known to be the biggest and tallest waterfalls in the province of Agusan del Sur. Located in barangay Padiay in the municipality of Sibagat, Agusan del Sur, Caraga Region, in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao, is one of the tourist attractions and ecotourism sites of Sibagat.

Sibagat
Sibagat, officially the Municipality of Sibagat (Cebuano: Lungsod ng Sibagat; Tagalog: Bayan ng Sibagat),  is a municipality in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 33,271 people.

Located at the northernmost part of the province, the town is called as the "Gateway to Agusan del Sur" and "The Last Frontier of Agusan del Sur, and the newest town in Agusan del Sur, having been created in 1980.

The town is a major producer of agriculture products such as coconut, banana, vegetables, maize, cassava and especially abaca in the province.
Akelarre
Akelarre (originally in spanish: El Aquelarre) is a Basque term meaning Witches' Sabbath (a gathering of those practicing witchcraft). Akerra means male goat in the Basque language. Witches' sabbaths were envisioned as presided over by a goat.

The word has been loaned to Castilian Spanish (which uses the spelling Aquelarre). It has been used in Castilian Spanish since the Basque witch trials of the 17th century.
The word is most famous as the title of the witchcraft painting by Francisco Goya in the Museo del Prado, which depicts witches in the company of a huge male goat.

Basque witch trials
The Basque witch trials of the seventeenth century represent the last attempt at rooting out supposed witchcraft from the Basque Country by the Spanish Inquisition, after a series of episodes erupted during the sixteenth century following the end of military operations in the conquest of Iberian Navarre, until 1524.

The trial of the Basque witches began in January 1609 at Logroño, near Basque territory. It was influenced by similar persecutions conducted by Pierre de Lancre in the bordering Labourd, French Basque Country. Although the number of people executed was small in comparison to other persecutions in Europe, it is considered the biggest single event of its kind in terms of the number of people investigated: by the end of the phenomenon, some 7,000 cases had been examined by the Inquisition.
William Gilbert (physicist)
William Gilbert (/ˈɡɪlbərt/; 24 May 1544? – 30 November 1603), also known as Gilberd, was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching.  He is remembered today largely for his book De Magnete (1600).

A unit of magnetomotive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the Gilbert in his honour; it has now been superseded by the Ampere-turn.

De Magnete
De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on That Great Magnet the Earth) is a scientific work published in 1600 by the English physician and scientist William Gilbert. A highly influential and successful book, it exerted an immediate influence on many contemporary writers, including Francis Godwin and Mark Ridley.
Nasal spray
Nasal sprays are used to deliver medications locally in the nasal cavities or systemically. They are used locally for conditions such as nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis. In some situations, the nasal delivery route is preferred for systemic therapy because it provides an agreeable alternative to injection or pills. Substances can be assimilated extremely quickly and directly through the nose. Many pharmaceutical drugs exist as nasal sprays for systemic administration (e.g. sedative-analgesics, treatments for migraine, osteoporosis and nausea). Other applications include hormone replacement therapy, treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Nasal sprays are seen as a more efficient way of transporting drugs with potential use in crossing the blood–brain barrier.

Nasal congestion
Nasal congestion is the partial or complete blockage of nasal passages, leading to impaired nasal breathing, usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflammation of blood vessels, or an excess of mucus in the sinuses caused by illnesses like the common cold.
Rewa–Dr. Ambedkar Nagar Express
The 11703/11704 Rewa–Dr. Ambedkar Nagar Express is a tri-weekly Express train service connecting Dr. Ambedkar Nagar of Indore, the largest city and commercial hub of Central Indian state Madhya Pradesh and Rewa Terminal, a major city in Madhya Pradesh, India. Train was announced in Railway Budget 2012–13 and the train was flagged off on 5 March 2013 from Indore Junction.

In July 2017, the service of the train was extended up to Dr. Ambedkar Nagar on tri-weekly basis.

Rewa Terminal railway station
Rewa Terminal railway station is a main railway station in Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh. Its code is REWA. It serves Rewa city. The station consists of five platforms. The station is terminal on Satna–Rewa branch line which is a  Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line.
Nitta Yoshisada
Nitta Yoshisada (新田 義貞; Japanese pronunciation: [ɲiꜜt.ta | jo.ɕi̥.saꜜ.da], 1301 – August 17, 1338) also known as Minamoto no Yoshisada was a samurai lord of the Nanboku-chō period Japan. He was the head of the Nitta clan in the early fourteenth century, and supported the Southern Court of Emperor Go-Daigo in the Nanboku-chō period. He famously marched on Kamakura, besieging and capturing it from the Hōjō clan in 1333.

Later, he fought the Ashikaga brothers on the Emperor's behalf in a see-saw campaign which saw the capital change hands several times. After a peaceful compromise was agreed, Yoshisada was entrusted with two royal princes. At the siege of Kanegasaki (1337), both princes were killed, along with Yoshisada's son, although Yoshisada was able to escape. He committed seppuku when his horse was killed at the siege of Kuromaru.

Nitta Yoshisuke
Nitta Yoshisuke (新田義助)  also known as Wakiya Yoshisuke (脇屋義助) , (1305–1340) was the brother of Nitta Yoshisada in the early fourteenth century, and supported the Southern Court of Emperor Go-Daigo in the Nanboku-chō period, capturing Kamakura with his brother from the Hōjō clan in 1333.

Both Nitta brothers survived the Siege of Kanegasaki (1337) by fleeing to Somayama.

After his brother died, he fled to various parts of Japan including Mino, Owari, and Yoshino.

In 1339, under orders from the new Emperor Go-Murakami, he captured Shiba Takatsune's fortress at Kuromaru.  He died while on campaign in Iyo.: 68, 72–73