hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central moment
In probability theory and statistics, a central moment is a moment of a probability distribution of a random variable about the random variable's mean; that is, it is the expected value of a specified integer power of the deviation of the random variable from the mean. The various moments form one set of values by which the properties of a probability distribution can be usefully characterized. Central moments are used in preference to ordinary moments, computed in terms of deviations from the mean instead of from zero, because the higher-order central moments relate only to the spread and shape of the distribution, rather than also to its location.

Sets of central moments can be defined for both univariate and multivariate distributions.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Colin Dann
Colin Dann (born 10 March 1943) is an English author. He is best known for his The Animals of Farthing Wood series of books, which was subsequently made into an animated series.

Dann worked at the publishing firm William Collins, Sons & Co. for thirteen years, and his first novel, The Animals of Farthing Wood, was written during this period. The original cover for this and a dozen others was painted by Portal artist Frances Broomfield.

The Animals of Farthing Wood
The Animals of Farthing Wood is a series of books about a group of woodland animals. It originated with the 1979 book, The Animals of Farthing Wood, by Colin Dann, and was followed by six sequels and a prequel by Dann. An animated Animals of Farthing Wood television series based on the books aired in the 1990s, created by the European Broadcasting Union.

The books tell the story of a group of woodland animals whose home has been paved over by developers. They learn of a nature reserve, White Deer Park, where they will be safe, and undertake to make the journey together. They form an Oath, promising to protect one another and overcome their natural instincts until they reach their destination.
Estudiantes de Caracas S.C.
Estudiantes de Caracas Sport Club is a Venezuelan professional football club based in Caracas. It was established as a professional team in July 2014, debuting in the Venezuelan Segunda División for the 2014–15 season and earning promotion to the top tier at the end of that season. They play their games at the Estadio Brígido Iriarte.

Its major achievements are a runner-up finish at the end of their debut season in the Segunda División, as well as a championship in the same competition in 2017, and a runner-up finish in the 2016 Copa Venezuela, which allowed them to qualify for the 2017 Copa Sudamericana despite being relegated that same season.

2016 Copa Venezuela
The 2016 Copa Venezuela is the 47th edition of the competition. It began with the First Round on 28 June 2016, and concluded with the final on 19 October 2016. The winner will qualify for the 2017 Copa Sudamericana.

Venezuelan Primera División side Deportivo La Guaira were the defending champions after they beat Deportivo Lara 1–0 on aggregate in the previous final in October 2015, but they were eliminated by Universidad Central in the second round. Zulia won the competition after defeating Estudiantes de Caracas 2–0 on aggregate score in the final.
Neofolk
Neofolk (originally known as apocalyptic folk) is a music genre that originally emerged during the 1980s through the British post-punk and industrial music scene. It is primarily characterized by acoustic instrumentation and draws influences from dark wave and post-industrial styles such as dark ambient.

Dark wave
Dark wave (also known as darkwave) is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s. Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark, romantic and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow. Common features include the use of chordophones such as electric and acoustic guitar, violin and piano, as well as electronic instruments such as synthesizer, sampler and drum machine. Like new wave, dark wave is not a "unified genre but rather an umbrella term" that encompasses a variety of musical styles, including cold wave, ethereal wave, gothic rock, neoclassical dark wave and neofolk.

In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called "wavers" or "dark wavers". In some countries, most notably Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock (so-called "trad-goths").
Larry Agran
Lawrence Alan Agran (born February 2, 1945) is an American lawyer and the current mayor of Irvine, California.

In May 2023, Agran announced that he would be running as a candidate for the 2024 Irvine mayoral election. He won the election with 39% of the vote, making it his sixth non-consecutive term as mayor of Irvine.

Mayoral elections in Irvine, California
Mayoral elections in Irvine, California, are held every two years.

The first direct-election for mayor in the city's history was held in 1988. All such elections have been held under state laws that make municipal elections in California officially non-partisan.
Tricastini
The Tricastini were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Tricastin region, near present-day Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Tricastini were probably one of the most ancient Celtic tribes of Gaul. They are first mentioned in Livy's legendary narration of Bellovesus' expedition from Gaul into Italy, then in his historical account of Hannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC, when the Tricastini let the Carthaginian troops move across their land. After 121 BC, their territory was annexed to the province of Gallia Transalpina by the Roman Republic. By the 1st century AD, the Tricastini were part of the Cavarian confederation.

Vocontii
The Vocontii (Gaulish: *Uocontioi; Greek: Οὐοκόντιοι, Οὐοκοντίων) were a Gallic people dwelling on the western foothills of the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Vocontii settled in the region in the 3rd century BC at the latest. Pompeius Trogus, a Gallo-Roman historian and citizen of Vasio during the 1st century BC, was a member of the Vocontii. During the Roman period, they were probably at the head of a confederation that included the Sogiontii, Avantici, Sebaginni and Vertamocorii.
Charlestown Elevated
The Charlestown Elevated was a segment of the MBTA subway's Orange Line that ran from the Canal Street Incline in downtown Boston, Massachusetts through Charlestown to a terminal in Everett, Massachusetts. It opened in June 1901 and was replaced by the Haymarket North Extension in April 1975.

Haymarket North Extension
The Haymarket North Extension is a section of the MBTA subway's Orange Line in Greater Boston, Massachusetts, currently constituting the northern section of the line. It runs from North Station through an underground crossing of the Charles River (with the 2003-completed Leonard Zakim Bridge later built directly over it), then along the Haverhill Line right-of-way to Oak Grove station in Malden, Massachusetts. Built to replace the Charlestown Elevated and originally intended to be extended as far as Reading, it opened in stages between 1975 and 1977.
Simon Bates at Breakfast
Simon Bates at Breakfast was the flagship show on Smooth Radio in the United Kingdom from January 2011 to March 2014. It was presented by Simon Bates, who took on the role of the station's breakfast show presenter on 4 January 2011, having left his long-term show at Classic FM in order to take up the position. The programme aired on weekdays from 6.00am to 10.00am, and included Our Tune and The Golden Hour, two features Bates had previously presented on BBC Radio 1. Bates occasionally took the show out on location for special editions, such as a week-long broadcast from Camp Bastion in December 2011 and the Falkland Islands in June 2012.

The Golden Hour (radio feature)
The Golden Hour is a long-standing radio feature in the United Kingdom, in which records are played that all charted in the UK Top 40 in a certain year and listeners are invited to guess the year. First broadcast on BBC Radio in 1973 during Tony Blackburn's mid-morning show, the Golden Hour segment was continued for many years on BBC Radio 1 by Simon Bates, Simon Mayo and Chris Moyles, with Bates currently presenting the feature as a programme on Universal Music's range of Now Music television channels.
MPEG-7
MPEG-7 is a multimedia content description standard. It was standardized in ISO/IEC 15938 (Multimedia content description interface). This description will be associated with the content itself, to allow fast and efficient searching for material that is of interest to the user. MPEG-7 is formally called Multimedia Content Description Interface. Thus, it is not a standard which deals with the actual encoding of moving pictures and audio, like MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. It uses XML to store metadata, and can be attached to timecode in order to tag particular events, or synchronise lyrics to a song, for example.

It was designed to standardize:

a set of Description Schemes ("DS") and Descriptors ("D")

a language to specify these schemes, called the Description Definition Language ("DDL")

a scheme for coding the description

The combination of MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 has been sometimes referred to as MPEG-47.

MPEG-4
MPEG-4 is a group of international standards for the compression of digital audio and visual data, multimedia systems, and file storage formats. It was originally introduced in late 1998 as a group of audio and video coding formats and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG11) under the formal standard ISO/IEC 14496 – Coding of audio-visual objects. Uses of MPEG-4 include compression of audiovisual data for Internet video and CD distribution, voice (telephone, videophone) and broadcast television applications. The MPEG-4 standard was developed by a group led by Touradj Ebrahimi (later the JPEG president) and Fernando Pereira.
Chisec
Chisec is a town and municipality in the north of the Guatemalan department of Alta Verapaz that was founded in 1813. It is situated at 230 metres (755 ft) above sea level. The municipality covers a territory of 1,244 km2.

The 2018 census documented the population at 84,553. Approximately 95% of the municipality's inhabitants are Maya, spread over the town of Chisec and approximately 140 communities. There used to be closer to 240 communities, but a number of these have officially split off to the new municipality of Raxruha, created by the Guatemalan Congress in 2008. The Q'eqchi' language is widely spoken there alongside Spanish.

Alta Verapaz
15°30′N 90°20′W﻿ / ﻿15.500°N 90.333°W﻿ / 15.500; -90.333

Alta Verapaz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalta βeɾaˈpas]) is a department in the north central part of Guatemala. The capital and chief city of the department is Cobán. Verapaz is bordered to the north by El Petén, to the east by Izabal, to the south by Zacapa, El Progreso, and Baja Verapaz, and to the west by El Quiché.

Also in Alta Verapaz are the towns of  Chisec, San Pedro Carchá and San Cristóbal Verapaz.
Adelaide I, Abbess of Quedlinburg
Adelaide I (German: Adelheid; 973/74 – 14 January 1044 or 1045), a member of the royal Ottonian dynasty was the second Princess-abbess of Quedlinburg from 999, and Abbess of Gernrode from 1014, and Abbess of Gandersheim from 1039 until her death, as well as a highly influential kingmaker of medieval Germany.

Gernrode Abbey
51°43′27″N 11°08′09″E﻿ / ﻿51.72424°N 11.13592°E﻿ / 51.72424; 11.13592

Gernrode Abbey (German: Stift Gernrode) was a house of secular canonesses (Frauenstift) in Gernrode in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Gernrode was founded in 959 and was disestablished in the seventeenth century. In the Middle Ages the abbey was an Imperial abbey, which had the status of imperial immediacy (German: Reichunmittelbarkeit), and an Imperial State. In the early modern period, the abbey was part of the Upper Saxon Circle.
Kidd Jordan
Edward "Kidd" Jordan (Crowley, May 5, 1935 – April 7, 2023) was an American jazz saxophonist and music educator from New Orleans, Louisiana. He taught at Southern University at New Orleans from 1974 to 2006.

Crowley, Louisiana
Crowley (Local pronunciation: /ˈkræli/) is a city in, and the parish seat of, Acadia Parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 United States census, Crowley had a population of 11,710. Crowley is the principal city of the Crowley micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Acadia Parish. It is also part of the larger Lafayette–Acadiana combined statistical area.
James E. Rogers (attorney)
James E. Rogers (September 15, 1938 – June 14, 2014) was an American entrepreneur and former attorney. He served as interim chancellor of the Nevada System of Higher Education and the University of Arizona College of Law carries his name.

James E. Rogers College of Law
University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, also known as the University of Arizona College of Law, is the law school at the University of Arizona located in Tucson, Arizona, United States and was the first law school founded in the State of Arizona, opening its doors in 1915. It was renamed in 1999 in honor of  broadcasting executive James E. Rogers, a 1962 graduate of the school, and chairman of Sunbelt Communications Company based in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Each entering JD class at Arizona Law has around 150 students, with a total student body of 700 students (across all programs).

According to Arizona's 2017 ABA-required disclosures, 84.4% of the Class of 2017 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required or JD-advantage employment nine months after graduation.
Jinjin
Park Jin-woo (Korean: 박진우; born March 15, 1996), known professionally as Jinjin (진진), is a South Korean rapper, singer, songwriter and dancer. He is the leader of South Korean boy group Astro and former member of its sub unit Jinjin & Rocky with ex-member Rocky under the label Fantagio.

Astro (South Korean band)
Astro (Korean: 아스트로; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean boy band formed by Fantagio. The group is composed of four members: MJ, Jinjin, Cha Eun-woo, and Yoon San-ha. Originally a sextet, Rocky departed from the group on February 28, 2023, and Moonbin died on April 19, 2023. They debuted on February 23, 2016, with the extended play Spring Up and were subsequently named as one of the best new K-pop acts of 2016 by Billboard.
Saiqa (film)
Saiqa is a 1968 Pakistani Urdu romantic film directed by Laeeq Akhtar and produced by Shamim Ara in her debut production under Shamim Ara Productions. The film was based on Razia Butt's novel by the same name. 
The lead cast included Shamim Ara, Mohammad Ali, Darpan, Lehri, and Zamurrad.

Saiqa is considered as one of the best performances of Ara, winning her a Nigar Award for Best Actress also. Collectively, the film received 9 Nigar Awards in different categories including "Best Film".

Shamim Ara
Shamim Ara (شمیم آرا, 22 March 1938 – 5 August 2016) was a Pakistani film actress, director, and  producer. She was known as The Tragic Beauty because of the tragic heroine roles she often portrayed in films. She was one of the most popular actresses of her time and was one of the most successful actresses of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. She is regarded as one of the most influential actresses of all time in Pakistani cinema.
Diffuser (thermodynamics)
A diffuser is "a device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a fluid passing through a system". The fluid's static pressure rise as it passes through a duct is commonly referred to as pressure recovery. In contrast, a nozzle is used to increase the discharge velocity and lower the pressure of a fluid passing through it.

Frictional effects during analysis can sometimes be important, but usually they are neglected. Ducts containing fluids flowing at low velocity can usually be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. Analyzing ducts flowing at higher velocities with Mach numbers in excess of 0.3 usually require compressible flow relations.

A typical subsonic diffuser is a duct that increases in area in the direction of flow. As the area increases, fluid velocity decreases, and static pressure rises.

Duct (flow)
Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air. Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air. As such, air ducts are one method of ensuring acceptable indoor air quality as well as thermal comfort.

A duct system is also called ductwork. Planning (laying out), sizing, optimizing, detailing, and finding the pressure losses through a duct system is called duct design.
College of West Africa
The College of West Africa is a Methodist high school in Monrovia, Liberia. The school was opened in 1839 as the Monrovia Seminary, making it one of the oldest European-style schools in Africa. It has produced many of Liberia's leaders. Alumni include Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the first woman elected as president in an African state, and current Liberian President Joseph Boakai.

Joseph Boakai
Joseph Nyuma Boakai (born 30 November 1944) is a Liberian politician who has served as the 26th president of Liberia since 2024. He previously served as the 29th vice president of Liberia from 2006 to 2018, under President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and as the minister of agriculture from 1983 to 1985. Boakai ran for president in 2017, losing the election to George Weah. He went on to defeat Weah in the 2023 election.
Mahatma Hansraj
Hansraj (19 April 1864 – 14 November 1938) was an Indian educationist and a follower of Arya Samaj movement founder, Swami Dayanand. He founded, with Gurudatta Vidhyarthi, the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Schools System (D.A.V.) in Lahore on 1 June 1886, where the first D.A.V. school was set up in memory of Dayanand who had died three years earlier.

He was also a compatriot of freedom fighter Lala Lajpat Rai. Hansraj served as the principal of D.A.V. College for 25 years, and committed the rest of his life in social service. A number of Dayanand Anglo-Vedic educational institutions were established. Today D.A.V. runs over 900 colleges, schools, professional and technical institutions.

Lala Lajpat Rai
Lala Lajpat Rai (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਲਾਜਪਤ ਰਾਏ; 28 January 1865 - 17 November 1928) was an Indian revolutionary, politician, and author, popularly known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of Punjab). He was one of the three members of the Lal Bal Pal trio. He died of severe trauma injuries sustained in October 1928 during a baton charge by police in Lahore, when he led a peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission.
Newcastle, New South Wales
Newcastle, also known as Greater Newcastle (locally /ˈnjuːkɑːsəl/ NEW-kah-səl; Awabakal: Mulubinba), is a large metropolitan area and the second-most-populous such area of New South Wales, Australia. It includes the cities of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie and it is the hub of the Lower Hunter region, which includes most parts of the cities of Newcastle, Lake Macquarie, Maitland, Cessnock, and Port Stephens Council. Newcastle is also known by its colloquial nickname, Newy. A Newcastle resident can also be known as a Novocastrian.

Located at the mouth of the Hunter River, it is the predominant city within the Hunter Region. Famous for its coal, Newcastle is the largest coal exporting harbour in the world, exporting 143 million tonnes of coal in 2022. Beyond the city, the Hunter Region possesses large coal deposits. Geologically, the area is located in the central-eastern part of the Sydney Basin.

City of Cessnock
The City of Cessnock is a local government area in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The area under administration is located to the west of Newcastle. The largest population centre and council seat is the city of Cessnock.

The mayor of the City of Cessnock Council is Cr. Jay Suvaal, a member of Country Labor.
Magical Sentosa
Magical Sentosa (also known as Sentosa Magique [in French] or 神奇圣淘沙 [in Chinese]) was a multimedia nighttime show hosted at the Sentosa Musical Fountain on the resort island of Sentosa, Singapore. The multimedia show is the last musical to be staged on the fountain itself. The musical ran for less than five years before being eventually discontinued in 2007 and replaced by Songs of the Sea.

The show was conceived using ideas from an earlier ECA2 production in France, titled "Le Lac Aux Images", using some of the characters and plot elements of the previous show. The plot centers around fountain master, Mr Whamsey, and the maniacal antics of Kiki the Hyperactive Monkey of Sentosa, both of whom serve as the show's main hosts. The show was known internally at ECA2 as "Sentosa Water and Fire Fantasy Show".

Songs of the Sea
Songs of the Sea was a multimedia show located at Siloso Beach on Sentosa, Singapore. Designed by ECA2 founder, Yves Pépin, Songs of the Sea started its operations on 26 March 2007, a day after the Sentosa Musical Fountain ceased operations. The fountain is a $30 million investment by Sentosa to enhance its entertainment product offerings and to attract more tourists. It was the world's only permanent show set in the sea – with pyrotechnics displays, water jets that could shoot up to 40 meters, laser show, flame bursts, a live 7-person cast, and an open-air viewing gallery which can accommodate 3,000 visitors. Songs of the Sea had its final show on 4 May 2014, and was closed to make way for a brand new multi-sensory production titled Wings of Time, which was launched on 17 June that year.
Giuseppe Casoria
Giuseppe Casoria (1 October 1908 – 8 February 2001) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation for Sacraments and Divine Worship from 1981 to 1984, and elevated to the cardinalate in 1983.

Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
The Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (Latin: Dicasterium de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the dicastery (from Greek: δικαστήριον, romanized: dikastērion, lit. 'law-court', from δικαστής, 'judge, juror') of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters relating to the sacraments.

Prior to June 2022, the dicastery was officially named the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (only the first word being different). This former name has often been shortened to Congregation for Divine Worship, further abbreviated as Divine Worship or CDW.