hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silicon-burning process
In astrophysics, silicon burning is a very brief sequence of nuclear fusion reactions that occur in massive stars with a minimum of about 8–11 solar masses. Silicon burning is the final stage of fusion for massive stars that have run out of the fuels that power them for their long lives in the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. It follows the previous stages of  hydrogen, helium, carbon, neon and oxygen burning processes.

Silicon burning begins when gravitational contraction raises the star's core temperature to 2.7–3.5 billion kelvin (GK). The exact temperature depends on mass. When a star has completed the silicon-burning phase, no further fusion is possible. The star catastrophically collapses and may explode in what is known as a Type II supernova.

Oxygen-burning process
The oxygen-burning process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions that take place in massive stars that have used up the lighter elements in their cores. Oxygen-burning is preceded by the neon-burning process and succeeded by the silicon-burning process. As the neon-burning process ends, the core of the star contracts and heats until it reaches the ignition temperature for oxygen burning.  Oxygen burning reactions are similar to those of carbon burning; however, they must occur at higher temperatures and densities due to the larger Coulomb barrier of oxygen.
Sing Your Life
"Sing Your Life" is a single by the English singer-songwriter Morrissey released in April 1991 by His Master's Voice. It was the second single taken from the Kill Uncle album, and was co-written by Mark E. Nevin, who plays guitar on the track.  On release this was Morrissey's lowest charting single in the UK charts, reaching only number 33. It features former Madness frontman Suggs on backing vocals, who also sung backing vocals on the single "Piccadilly Palare". One of the single's B-sides was a cover version of "That's Entertainment" by The Jam which also had backing vocals by Carl Smyth, a.k.a. Chas Smash, the former second singer of the band Madness. Vic Reeves also recorded backing vocals for the song, but they weren't included in the final version. He is thanked in the sleeve notes.

That's Entertainment (The Jam song)
"That's Entertainment" is a 1980 song by British punk-mod revivalist group the Jam from their fifth album, Sound Affects.

Although never released as a domestic single in the UK during the band's lifetime, "That's Entertainment" nonetheless charted as an import single (backed by a live version of "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight"), peaking at No. 21. The single was given its first full UK release in 1983 and peaked at No. 60. Its second reissue in 1991 also made the top 50.

The song remains one of the two all-time biggest selling import singles in the UK, alongside the Jam's "Just Who Is the 5 O'Clock Hero?", which hit the charts at No. 8 as an import in 1982.

"That's Entertainment" has been listed by BBC Radio 2 as the 43rd best song ever released by any artist.
Loop nest optimization
In computer science and particularly in compiler design, loop nest optimization (LNO) is an optimization technique that applies a set of loop transformations for the purpose of locality optimization or parallelization or another loop overhead reduction of the loop nests.  (Nested loops occur when one loop is inside of another loop.) One classical usage is to reduce memory access latency or the cache bandwidth necessary due to cache reuse for some common linear algebra algorithms.

The technique used to produce this optimization is called loop tiling, also known as loop blocking or strip mine and interchange.

Loop optimization
In compiler theory, loop optimization is the process of increasing execution speed and reducing the overheads associated with loops. It plays an important role in improving cache performance and making effective use of parallel processing capabilities. Most execution time of a scientific program is spent on loops; as such, many compiler optimization techniques have been developed to make them faster.
Austro-Slavism
Austro-Slavism or Austrian Slavism was a political concept and program aimed to solve problems of Slavic peoples in the Austrian Empire. It was most influential among Czech liberals around the middle of the 19th century. First proposed by Karel Havlíček Borovský in 1846, as an opposition to the concept of pan-Slavism, it was further developed into a complete political program by Czech politician František Palacký. Austroslavism also found some support in other Slavic nations in the Austrian Empire, especially the Poles, Slovenes, Croats and Slovaks.

Pan-Slavism
Pan-Slavism is a political ideology that originated in the mid-19th century, emphasizing integrity and unity among the Slavic peoples. Its main impact occurred in the Balkans, where non-Slavic empires had ruled the South Slavs for centuries. These were mainly the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice.
ScGET-seq
Single-cell genome and epigenome by transposases sequencing (scGET-seq) is a DNA sequencing method for profiling open and closed chromatin. In contrast to single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (scATAC-seq), which only targets active euchromatin, scGET-seq is also capable of probing inactive heterochromatin.

This is achieved through the use of TnH, which is created by linking the chromodomain (CD) of heterochromatin protein-1-alpha (HP-1) to the Tn5 transposase. TnH is then able to target histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), a marker for heterochromatin.

Akin to RNA velocity, which uses the ratio of spliced to unspliced RNA to infer the kinetics of changes in gene expression over the course of cellular development, the ratio of TnH to Tn5 signals obtained from scGET-seq can be used to calculate chromatin velocity, which measures the dynamics of chromatin accessibility over the course of cellular developmental pathways.

ATAC-seq
ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing) is a laboratory technique used in molecular biology to assess genome-wide chromatin accessibility. The technique was introduced in 2013 by the labs of Will Greenleaf and Howard Chang at Stanford University as an alternative to MNase-seq, FAIRE-Seq and DNase-Seq with faster turnaround time, simpler protocol, and lower DNA input requirements.
Perlachturm
The 70-metre-tall Perlachturm is a belltower in front of the church of St. Peter am Perlach in the central district of Augsburg, Germany. It originated as a watchtower in the 10th century. The existing Renaissance structure was built in the 1610s by Elias Holl, who also designed the neighbouring Town Hall.

St. Peter am Perlach
St. Peter am Perlach or Perlach-Church is a romanesque Catholic church in the center of Augsburg (Bavaria). The tower of the church, the Perlachturm, is together with the Augsburg Town Hall the landmark of Augsburg.
Manitoba Provincial Road 222
Provincial Road 222 (PR 222) is a provincial road in the Interlake Region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. Essentially a northerly continuation of Highway 9, the road extends for 42.6 kilometres (26.5 mi) along the western shore of Lake Winnipeg between the communities of Gimli and Riverton.

The road is the inspiration for and namesake of singer-songwriter John K. Samson's 2010 EP Provincial Road 222, which consists of three songs set in geographic locations along the route.

Manitoba Highway 9
Provincial Trunk Highway 9 (PTH 9) is a provincial primary highway located in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from Winnipeg (where it meets with Route 52) north to Gimli.

The highway is known as Main Street between Winnipeg and Selkirk, as this is the name of the road within both of those cities. The bypass around Selkirk is known as the "Selkirk By-Pass". The road that runs through Selkirk is known as PTH 9A (Main Street also continues as PTH 9A, and then as PR 320 until PTH 4, where it becomes Breezy Point Road).
Bob Jack
Robert Jack (4 April 1876 – 6 May 1943) was a Scottish football player and manager. Born in Alloa, Jack played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, Preston North End and Glossop, and the Southern League for Plymouth Argyle and Southend United. He was an outside forward. Jack is Argyle's most successful and longest-serving manager. During his 29 years in charge, the club won two league championships and established itself in the Second Division of the Football League. Jack also managed Southend for four years. His son, David, scored the first goal at Wembley Stadium.

David Jack
David Bone Nightingale Jack (3 April 1898 – 10 September 1958) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward. He scored 267 goals from 490 appearances in the Football League playing for Plymouth Argyle, Bolton Wanderers and Arsenal. He was the first footballer to be transferred for a fee in excess of £10,000, was the first to score at Wembley – in the 1923 FA Cup Final – and was capped nine times for England. After retiring as a player, he managed Southend United, Middlesbrough and Shelbourne.
1975 Piccadilly bombing
On Thursday 9 October 1975, a bomb attack just outside Green Park Underground station in the City of Westminster, London, left one man dead and injured 20 others. The attack was carried out by volunteers from the Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang. The attack occurred during a period of heightened activity by the IRA in England and in particular London and surrounding areas, since the Caterham Arms pub bombing two months earlier in August 1975.

Caterham Arms pub bombing
On 27 August 1975 a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded without warning at the Caterham Arms public house in Caterham, Surrey, England. There were no fatalities, but 33 people were injured, some severely, including three off-duty soldiers who lost limbs.
Still Cyco After All These Years
Still Cyco After All These Years is the seventh studio album by American crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies, released in 1993. The album is composed of re-recorded songs from the band's 1983 debut album, Suicidal Tendencies; re-recordings of "War Inside My Head" and "A Little Each Day" from the band's second album, Join the Army; and "Don't Give Me Your Nothin'" which was previously released as a B-side to "Send Me Your Money".

Suicidal Tendencies (album)
Suicidal Tendencies is the debut studio album by American hardcore punk band Suicidal Tendencies, released on July 5, 1983 through Frontier Records. Regarded as one of the best-selling and most successful punk rock albums, Suicidal Tendencies was well-received by fans and critics alike, and the airplay of its only single "Institutionalized" (for which its music video was one of the first hardcore punk videos to get airplay on MTV) brought the band considerable popularity. The album was a major influence on the then-emerging genre of thrash metal and its subgenre crossover.
Zhang Wuling
Zhang Wuling (Chinese: 張武齡; 1889–1938) was a Chinese educator. Zhang was noted for promoting Chinese women's education and Chinese educational equality, he founded Suzhou Leyi Girls' School and Pinglin Middle School in Suzhou, Jiangsu. He was the father of poet Zhang Chonghe and scholar Zhang Yunhe.

Chang Ch'ung-ho
Chang Ch'ung-ho or Zhang Chonghe (Chinese: 張充和; May 17, 1914 – June 17, 2015), also known by her married name Ch'ung-ho Chang Frankel, was a Chinese-American poet, calligrapher, educator and Kunqu opera singer. She is hailed as "the last talented woman of the Republic of China" (民國最後一位才女).
2016 Hungaroring GP3 Series round
The 2016 Hungaroring GP3 Series round was a GP3 Series motor race held on 23 and 24 July 2016 at the Hungaroring in Mogyoród, Pest, Hungary. It was the fourth round of the 2016 GP3 Series. The race weekend supported the 2016 Hungarian Grand Prix.

2016 Hungarian Grand Prix
The 2016 Hungarian Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Magyar Nagydíj 2016) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 24 July 2016 at the Hungaroring in Mogyoród, Hungary. It was the eleventh round of the 2016 FIA Formula One World Championship and the 32nd running of the Hungarian Grand Prix, and 31st time it had been held as a round of the World Championship.

Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg entered the round with a one-point lead over teammate Lewis Hamilton in the Drivers' Championship while Mercedes led in the Constructors' Championship ahead of Ferrari. The race was won by Hamilton, with Rosberg and Daniel Ricciardo completing the podium, meaning Hamilton took over the lead in the Drivers' Championship after the race.
A Little Less Conversation
"A Little Less Conversation" is a 1968 song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley, written by Mac Davis and Billy Strange and published by Gladys Music, Inc., originally performed in the film Live a Little, Love a Little. The song became a minor hit in the United States when released as a single with "Almost in Love" as the A-side. A 2002 remix by Dutch musician Junkie XL of a later re-recording of the song by Presley became a worldwide hit, topping the singles charts in nine countries and was awarded certifications in ten countries by 2003.

The song has made numerous appearances in popular culture and has been covered by several artists.

Almost in Love (song)
"Almost in Love" is a song recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1968 motion picture Live a Little, Love a Little. Luiz Bonfa had previously released an instrumental version of this tune in 1966 called "Moonlight in Rio".

In September 1968 it was released on a single with the song "A Little Less Conversation" on the other side. Its first LP release was as the title track of Presley's budget album Almost in Love in November 1970.

On December 1, 1970, the single "Almost in Love" / "A Little Less Conversation" was re-released as part of RCA Victor's Gold Standard Series (together with 9 other Presley's singles).
Florencio Varela Partido
Florencio Varela is a partido in the south of Gran Buenos Aires urban area in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

The partido has an area of 190 km2 (73 sq mi) and a population of 423,992 (2010 census [INDEC]). Its capital is Florencio Varela.

Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires
Florencio Varela is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for Florencio Varela Partido. It forms part of the urban agglomeration of Greater Buenos Aires.

The settlement was officially founded on 30 January 1891 by Juan de la Cruz Contreras. It is named after Argentine writer and journalist Florencio Varela.
Chortkov (Hasidic dynasty)
Chortkov (also Chortkov, Tshortkov, Czortkow) is a Hasidic dynasty that originated in Chortkiv (Polish: Czortków), present-day Ukraine. The town was part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic until September 1939. The town itself was founded in 1522 by Polish King Sigismund I the Old. The dynasty had a large following before the Second World War, but most of its adherents were murdered in the Holocaust.

Chortkov is one of the branches of the Ruzhiner dynasty, together with the Bohush, Boyan, Husiatyn, Sadigura, Kapishnitz, Vasloi, and Shtefanesht dynasties.

Chortkiv
Chortkiv (Ukrainian: Чортків, IPA: [tʃortˈkiu̯] ⓘ; Polish: Czortków; Yiddish: טשארטקאוו, romanized: Tshortkov) is a city in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Chortkiv Raion, housing the district's local administration buildings. Chortkiv hosts the administration of Chortkiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 28,279 (2022 estimate).

Chortkiv is located in the northern part of the historic region of Galician Podolia on the banks of the Seret River.

In the past Chortkiv was the home of many Hasidic Jews; it was a notable shtetl and had a significant number of Jews residing there prior to the Holocaust. Today, Chortkiv is a regional commercial and small-scale manufacturing center. Among its architectural monuments is a fortress built in the 16th and 17th centuries as well as historic wooden churches of the 17th and 18th centuries.
Pentatomoidea
The Pentatomoidea are a superfamily of insects in the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera. As hemipterans, they possess a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. The roughly 7000 species under Pentatomoidea are divided into 21 families (16 extant and 5 extinct). Among these are the stink bugs and shield bugs, jewel bugs, giant shield bugs, and burrower bugs.

Pentatomidae
Pentatomidae is a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, generally called shield bugs or stink bugs. Pentatomidae is the largest family in the superfamily Pentatomoidea, and contains around 900 genera and over 4700 species. As hemipterans, the pentatomids have piercing sucking mouthparts, and most are phytophagous, including several species which are severe pests on agricultural crops. However, some species, particularly in the subfamily Asopinae, are predatory and may be considered beneficial.
North Luangwa National Park
North Luangwa National Park is a national park in Zambia, the northernmost of the three in the valley of the Luangwa River.  Founded as a game reserve in 1938, it became a national park in 1972 and now covers 4,636 km².

Like the South Luangwa National Park, its eastern boundary is the Luangwa River, while it rises to cover a stretch of the Muchinga Escarpment to the west. The Mwaleshi River flows east–west through the Centre of the park, the area to its south being a strict wilderness zone. It has generally suffered from a lack of investment and interest compared to the much more popular South Luangwa National Park.

South Luangwa National Park
South Luangwa National Park is a  national park in eastern Zambia that was founded as a game reserve in 1938 and became a national park in 1972. It covers 9,050 km2 (3,490 sq mi) in the valley of the Luangwa River, which forms its eastern boundary in the Eastern Province of Zambia. It is bordered to the west by a steep escarpment, the Muchinga Escarpment in Muchinga and Central Provinces. The Luangwa Valley lies at the end of the East African Rift valley.
The meandering Luangwa River and its lagoons support over 400 bird species and more than 60 mammal species including Rhodesian giraffe, African bush elephant and African buffalo.
Salil Vadhan
Salil Vadhan is an American computer scientist. He is Vicky Joseph Professor of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University. After completing his undergraduate degree in Mathematics and Computer Science at Harvard in 1995, he obtained his PhD in Applied Mathematics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1999, where his advisor was Shafi Goldwasser. His research centers around the interface between computational complexity theory and cryptography. He focuses on the topics of pseudorandomness and zero-knowledge proofs.  His work on the zig-zag product, with Omer Reingold and Avi Wigderson, was
awarded the 2009 Gödel Prize.

Omer Reingold
Omer Reingold (Hebrew: עומר ריינגולד) is an Israeli computer scientist. He is the Rajeev Motwani professor of computer science in the Computer Science Department at Stanford University and the director of the Simons Collaboration on the Theory of Algorithmic Fairness. He received a PhD in computer science at Weizmann in 1998 under Moni Naor. He received the 2005 Grace Murray Hopper Award for his work in finding a deterministic logarithmic-space algorithm for st-connectivity in undirected graphs. He, along with Avi Wigderson and Salil Vadhan, won the Gödel Prize (2009) for their work on the zig-zag product. He became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2014 "For contributions to the study of pseudorandomness, derandomization, and cryptography."
Religious profession
A religious profession is the solemn admission of men or women into consecrated life by means of the pronouncement of religious vows, typically the evangelical counsels. It is practiced in some Christian denominations, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism, among other Christian traditions.

Evangelical counsels
In Christianity, the three evangelical counsels, or counsels of perfection, are poverty, chastity, and obedience. As stated by Jesus Christ in the canonical gospels, they are counsels for those who desire to become "perfect" (τελειος, teleios).

The Catholic Church interprets this to mean that they are not binding upon all, and hence not necessary conditions to attain eternal life (heaven), but that they are "acts of supererogation", "over and above" the minimum stipulated in the biblical commandments. Catholics and Lutherans who have made a public profession to order their lives by the evangelical counsels, and confirmed this by public vows before their competent church authority (the act of religious commitment known as a profession), are recognised as members of the consecrated life.
Tony Award for Best Play
The Tony Award for Best Play (formally, an Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre) is an annual award given to the best new (non-musical) play on Broadway, as determined by Tony Award voters. There was no award in the Tonys' first year. The award goes to the authors and the producers of the play. Plays that have appeared in previous Broadway productions are instead eligible for Best Revival of a Play.

Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play
The Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play has only been awarded since 1994. Prior to that, plays and musicals were considered together for the Tony Award for Best Revival. The award is given to the best non-musical play that has appeared on Broadway in a previous production, or which is determined to be a "classic" or in the historical or popular repertoire despite not having been produced on Broadway. The award goes to the producers of the play. In addition, as of 2026, authors (if living) are also eligible for the award for shows that are considered revivals but that have not previously appeared on Broadway.
AScX index
The AScX index, derived from Amsterdam Small Cap Index, also known as Small Cap index or simply Small Cap, is a stock market index composed of Dutch companies that trade on Euronext Amsterdam, formerly known as the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. The index was started in 2005. It is composed of the 25 funds that trade on the exchange and that rank 51–75 in size. The funds that rank 1–25 in size are represented in the AEX index and the funds that rank 26–50 in size are represented in the AMX index. The composition is reviewed twice a year.

AMX index
The AMX index, derived from Amsterdam Midkap Index, also known as Midkap index or simply Midkap, is a stock market index composed of Dutch companies that trade on Euronext Amsterdam, formerly known as the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. The index was started in 1995. It is composed of the 25 funds that trade on the exchange and that rank 26–50 in size. The funds that rank 1–25 in size are represented in the AEX index.