hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Twelve Philosophers
The Twelve Philosophers or Wise Ones (Chinese: 十二哲, Shí'èr Zhé) are 12 eminent philosophers in the Chinese Confucian tradition. They are traditionally accounted a kind of sainthood and their spirit tablets are prominently placed in Confucian temples, six upon the east and six upon the west side of the Hall of the Great Completion (Dacheng Dian).

Twelve Philosophers are Min Sun (Ziqian), Ran Yong (Zhonggong), Duanmu Ci (Zigong), Zhong You (Zilu), Bu Shang (Zixia), You Ruo (Ziruo), Zai Yu (Ziwo), Ran Geng (Boniu), Ran Qiu (Ziyou), Yan Yan (Ziyou), Zhuansun Shi (Zizhang) – all disciples of Confucius – and Zhu Xi, who established Neo-Confucianism during the Song dynasty.

Sacrifices to the philosophers were first offered in the 6th year of the Kaiyuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty, AD 720.

Disciples of Confucius
According to Sima Qian, Confucius said: "The disciples who received my instructions, and could themselves comprehend them, were seventy-seven individuals. They were all scholars of extraordinary ability." It was traditionally believed that Confucius had three thousand students, but that only 72 mastered what he taught. The following is a list of students who have been identified as Confucius's followers. Very little is known of most of Confucius's students, but some of them are mentioned in the Analects of Confucius. Many of their biographies are recorded in the Sima Qian's Shiji. The Six Arts were practiced by the 72 disciples.
Kevin Newman (baseball)
Kevin Bradley Newman (born August 4, 1993) is an American professional baseball infielder in the Kansas City Royals organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, Arizona Diamondbacks, and Los Angeles Angels. Newman played college baseball for the Arizona Wildcats of the University of Arizona, before the Pirates selected him in the first round of the 2015 MLB draft.

Arizona Wildcats baseball
The Arizona Wildcats baseball team is the intercollegiate men's baseball program representing the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, United States. They compete in the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) of NCAA Division I.

Arizona has won four college baseball national championships (1976, 1980, 1986 and 2012), the first three under Jerry Kindall and the most recent under Andy Lopez. The team has appeared in the College World Series Championship Game or Series on four other occasions (1956, 1959, 1963, and 2016). The Wildcats have appeared in 44 NCAA baseball tournaments in their rich history. Arizona ranks ninth in all-time wins and eight in all-time win percentage, with an all-time record of 3,068–1,674–22 (.646) as of the 2025 season.  Arizona fielded its first team in 1905.
Birmingham Moor Street railway station
Birmingham Moor Street, also known as Moor Street station, is one of three main railway stations in the city centre of Birmingham, England, along with Birmingham New Street and Birmingham Snow Hill.

Today's Moor Street station is a combination of the original station, opened in 1909 by the Great Western Railway as a terminus for local trains, and a newer Moor Street station with through platforms, a short distance from the original, which opened in 1987, replacing the original. The two were combined into one station in 2002, when the original was reopened and restored, and the newer station rebuilt in matching style.

Moor Street has become more important in recent years; two of the original terminus platforms were reopened in 2010, and the station is now the terminus of many Chiltern Railways services from London Marylebone, as well as being an important stop for local services on the Snow Hill Lines. It is now the second busiest railway station in Birmingham.

Worcester Shrub Hill railway station
Worcester Shrub Hill is one of two railway stations serving the city of Worcester, England; the other is Worcester Foregate Street in the city centre. A third, Worcestershire Parkway, is located just outside the city to the south-east. The station is managed by West Midlands Trains, operating here under the West Midlands Railway brand, and is also served by Great Western Railway.
Queen Inmok
Queen Inmok (Korean: 인목왕후 김씨; Hanja: 仁穆王后 金氏; 5 December 1584 – 3 August 1632), of the Yonan Kim clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second queen consort of Yi Yeon, King Seonjo, the 14th Joseon monarch. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1602 until her husband's death in 1608, after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Soseong (소성왕대비) during the reign of her step-son Yi Hon, King Gwanghae and as Grand Queen Dowager Myeongryeol (명렬대왕대비) during the reign of her step-grandson Yi Jong, King Injo.

Seonjo of Joseon
Seonjo (Korean: 선조; Hanja: 宣祖; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (이연; 李昖), was the 14th monarch of Joseon (now Korea). He was known for promoting Korean Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained infamy from the political discord and his incompetent leadership during the Imjin War.
Marco Barbarigo
Marco Barbarigo (c. 1413 – August 14, 1486) was the 73rd Doge of Venice from 1485 until 1486. His nomination took place on a new staircase in the courtyard of the Doge's Palace, on an axis with the Campanile of St. Mark and the Porta della Carta.

Barbarigo was elected as Doge of Venice in September 1485 to succeed Doge Giovanni Mocenigo, who was possibly poisoned. Marco died in August 1486, less than a year after becoming Doge, probably in a violent dispute between nobles caused by his brother Agostino. He was succeeded as Doge by Agostino Barbarigo, who was Procurator while Marco was Doge, from 1486 until 1501.

Giovanni Mocenigo
Giovanni di Mocenigo (1408 – November 4, 1485) was doge of Venice from 1478 to 1485. He fought at sea against the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II and on land against Ercole I d'Este, duke of Ferrara, from whom he recaptured Rovigo and the Polesine. He was interred in the Basilica di Santi Giovanni e Paolo, a traditional burial place of the doges. His dogaressa was Taddea Michiel (d. 1479), who was to be the last dogaressa to be crowned in Venice until Zilia Dandolo in 1557, almost a century later. His brother, Pietro Mocenigo, served as Doge before him, in 1474–1476.
4th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 4th Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the Eastern Theater in a number of campaigns and battles, but perhaps is most noted for its actions in helping secure Cemetery Hill during the Battle of Gettysburg.

8th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 8th Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the Eastern Theater in a number of campaigns and battles, but perhaps is most noted for its actions in helping repulse Pickett's Charge during the Battle of Gettysburg.
Carlos Taberner
Carlos Taberner Segarra (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾlos taβeɾˈneɾ]; born 8 August 1997) is a Spanish professional tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 83, achieved on 4 August 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 337, achieved on 18 September 2017.

He has reached 23 career ITF singles finals, with a record of 12 wins and 11 losses, including nine Challengers titles, all on clay courts (Iași, Antalya, Aix-en-Provence, Lošinj, Roseto, Augsburg, Todi,  Murcia, Sassuolo). Additionally, he has reached seven career ITF doubles finals with a record of 4 wins and 3 losses including a Challenger doubles title in San Benedetto.

2023 Schwaben Open
The 2023 Schwaben Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Augsburg, Germany between 21 and 26 August 2023.
Achilleas Agrou
Achilleas Agrou (official name "Achilleas Agrou Athletic Club") is a sports association of the Agros Community in the Limassol District. It was founded on 8 May 1958 in the village of Agrou by village residents, as a cultural group, with the first official football section, with the aim of spreading the sports to the community. Today, the club has a basketball team that participates in the Division B, as well as teams of Teenagers (U19) and children (U16) participating in the Cyprus Basketball Federation championships. During the period 2014–2015 the basketball team re-opened and managed to reach the final of the championship, where it lost from the Anagennisi Germasogeias.

Cyprus Basketball Division B
The Cypriot Basketball Division B is currently the second-tier level men's professional basketball competition of the Cypriot basketball league system. It is run and governed by the Cyprus Basketball Federation.
Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.

Linear combination
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.
Grimsbury
Grimsbury is a largely residential area which forms the eastern part of Banbury, in the Cherwell district, in the county of, Oxfordshire, England. It is situated east of the River Cherwell, the Oxford Canal and the Cherwell Valley Line railway.

Grimsbury includes Banbury railway station, Banbury United F.C.'s ground, and the town's Royal Mail sorting offices, which were built on the site of the former Banbury Merton Street railway station.

Nethercote, Banbury
Nethercote is a hamlet in the civil parish of Banbury in Oxfordshire, England. It lies close to the border with West Northamptonshire. The hamlet sits south-east of junction 11 of the M40, south of the A422 and east of the M40. Predominantly agricultural land used for grazing, a single-track road runs right through the hamlet, known as Banbury Lane, which has around a dozen residential properties along the lane. Banbury Lane is still often referred to as Blacklocks Hill and this refers to the history of the area and a time when this area saw a main route into Banbury, before the M40 and A422.
Newmarket, New Hampshire
Newmarket is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 9,430 at the 2020 census. Some residents are students and employees at the nearby University of New Hampshire in Durham.

The densely settled center of town, where 5,797 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Newmarket census-designated place and is located at the junction of New Hampshire routes 108 and 152, along the Lamprey River.

New Hampshire Route 108
New Hampshire Route 108 is a 42.430-mile-long (68.284 km) north–south state highway in Rockingham and Strafford counties in southeastern New Hampshire.  The southern terminus of NH 108 is at the Massachusetts state line in Plaistow.  The northern terminus is at an intersection with New Hampshire Route 125 and New Hampshire Route 202A in downtown Rochester.

At its southern end, NH 108 connects to Massachusetts Route 108, a very short state route which continues south for 0.91 miles (1.46 km) to Massachusetts Route 110 in Haverhill.

NH 108 is notable in being one of two routes (the other being New Hampshire Route 9) to intersect both U.S. Route 4 and New Hampshire Route 4 (a rare case of two completely separate routes in one state having the same number).
Grosvenor Miles
Christianity portal

Grosvenor Miles  (1901 – 15 July 1978) was an Anglican bishop in Madagascar and Australia. He was the assistant bishop of Madagascar from 1938 to 1960 and the assistant bishop of North Queensland from 1962 to his death in 1978.

Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean
Christianity portal

The Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean is a province of the Anglican Communion. It covers the islands of Madagascar, Mauritius and the Seychelles. The current Archbishop and Primate is Gilbert Rateloson Rakotondravelo, Bishop of Fianarantsoa. According to the Church of England Yearbook, the province has more than 600,000 members.

The Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean is a member of the Global South and the Global Anglican Future Conference, and has been involved in the Anglican realignment. Archbishop James Wong attended GAFCON III, in Jerusalem, on 17–22 June 2018, and GAFCON IV in Kigali, on 17-21 April 2023. The province was represented at the event by a ten-member delegation, six from Madagascar and four from the Seychelles. The church has ordained women to the diaconate since 2002 and to the priesthood since 2006.
Henry Proctor Slaughter
Henry Proctor Slaughter (September 17, 1871 – February 14, 1958) was an American journalist, printer, and bibliographer. Slaughter collected resources that documented African American history, with a special focus on the subjects of slavery, the abolitionist movement, and correspondence from African American leaders throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His collection of over 10,000 books and other materials now forms the Henry P. Slaughter collection at the Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library.

Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center
The Atlanta University Center (AUC) Robert W. Woodruff Library is a library in Atlanta which serves the three members of the Atlanta University Center, the world's oldest consortium of historically black colleges and universities (Clark Atlanta University, Morehouse College and Spelman College) . The library, constructed in 1982, is named for Robert Winship Woodruff, former CEO of the Coca Cola Company.  In 2010, the library completed a $16.2 million renovation, partly funded by donations from the Coca Cola Company.

The library is a member of ARCHE, Lyrasis, OCLC and the HBCU Library Alliance.  It is a participant in the Georgia state library network, GALILEO.  In 2016, the library won the Excellence in Academic Libraries Award from the Association of College and Research Libraries, the first HBCU to win the award.
Gervinho
Gervais Yao Kouassi (born 27 May 1987), known as Gervinho, is an Ivorian former professional footballer who plays as a forward.

Gervinho began his career at ASEC Abidjan and Toumodi, before moving to Belgium in 2004 to play for Beveren. Between 2007 and 2011, he played in the French Ligue 1, initially at Le Mans and then at Lille. In his final season in France, he helped his club win the league and the Coupe de France. He was sold to Arsenal in 2011 for £10.8 million and moved to Roma in 2013 for €8 million. In January 2016, Gervinho moved to Hebei China Fortune. In August 2018, he joined Parma.

Internationally, Gervinho represented the Ivory Coast. He made over 80 appearances for the national team from his debut in 2007 until 2021, scoring 23 goals. He was part of the squad at five Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and two World Cups.

K.S.K. Beveren
KSK Beveren (Royal Sporting Club of Beveren) is a Belgian football club from Beveren in East Flanders with founded number 2300 and with yellow and blue as colors. The club became national champion twice in its existence and won the Belgian Cup twice. The men's branch of the club was temporarily discontinued in 2010, until 2022 only the women's team played at the Royal Belgian Football Association under founding number 2300. In 2022, after an agreement with Waasland-Beveren, the founding number was released again for men's football, so the club has been active since the 2022–23 season again with a men's team. KSK Beveren is the first football club in Belgium that is completely controlled by supporters and is bound by the principles of Supporters Direct.
Colleges That Change Lives
Colleges That Change Lives began as a college educational guide first published by Loren Pope in 1996, that went through three editions prior to his death in 2008. The fourth and final edition, revised by Hilary Masell Oswald, was released in 2012.

The current non-profit, 501(c)(3), Colleges That Change Lives (CTCL) which was founded in 1998, is  based on Pope's books.

Loren Pope
Loren Brooks Pope (July 13, 1910 – September 23, 2008) was an American writer and educational consultant, best known for his book, Colleges That Change Lives. He was also the education editor of The New York Times.
Elizabeth Brooke (writer)
Elizabeth Brooke (January 1601 – 22 July 1683), also known as Lady Brooke or Dame Elizabeth Brooke, was an English religious writer, part of whose writing of Christian precepts survives, and was matriarch of a landed manorial family in East Suffolk, East Anglia, during the English Civil War and Restoration periods.

An extended account of her religious thought and practice, written by her minister at Yoxford, Suffolk at the time of her funeral, was printed together with some of her own precepts. Her stance and practice was, like that of her brother Lord Colepeper, politically loyal to the Crown, and her allegiance was therefore to the established Church, but she and her husband, Sir Robert Brooke, lived and worked in close connection with the more Puritan or Presbyterian spirit among the gentry and magistracy of the neighbourhood, and supported a moderate and inclusive policy towards ministers inclined to Nonconformism within the church at large.

Robert Brooke (MP for Dunwich)
Sir Robert Brooke (c. 1572 – 10 July 1646) was an English landowner, magistrate, commissioner, administrator and MP who sat in the House of Commons between 1624 and 1629. He made his country seat at Cockfield Hall, Yoxford, Suffolk.
Iardanos
Iardanos (Greek: Ιάρδανος) is a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pyrgos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 62.723 km2. Its seat of administration was the village Vounargo. Iardanos is enclosed by the municipal units of Amaliada to the north, and Pyrgos to the south.

Vounargo
Vounargo (Greek: Βούναργο) is a village in the municipal unit of Iardanos, Elis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pyrgos. Vounargo was the seat of the former municipality Iardanos. It is situated at the foot of low hills to the north. It is 8 km northwest of Pyrgos, 9 km southeast of Amaliada and 11 km west of Karatoula.
Thomas Rayner Dawson
Thomas Rayner Dawson (28 November 1889 – 16 December 1951) was an English chess problemist and is acknowledged as "the father of Fairy Chess". He invented many fairy pieces and new conditions. He introduced the popular fairy pieces grasshopper, nightrider, and many other fairy chess ideas.

Grasshopper (chess)
The grasshopper is a fairy chess piece that moves along ranks, files, and diagonals (like a queen) but only by hopping over another piece. The piece to be hopped may be of either color and any distance away, but the grasshopper must land on the square immediately beyond it in the same direction. If there is no piece to hop over, it cannot move. If the square beyond a piece is occupied by a piece of the opposite color, the grasshopper can capture that piece.

The grasshopper was introduced by T. R. Dawson in 1913 in problems published in the Cheltenham Examiner newspaper. It is one of the most popular fairy pieces used in chess problems.

In this article, the grasshopper is shown as an inverted queen and notated as G.
Shazad Latif
Shazad Latif (born Shazad Iqbal; 8 July 1988) is a British actor, who starred as Tariq Masood in the BBC TV series Spooks, Clem Fandango on Toast of London, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in Penny Dreadful. In 2017, he was cast as Chief of Security Ash Tyler in the CBS All Access (now Paramount+) television series Star Trek: Discovery. He also portrays Captain Nemo in the series Nautilus from 2024.

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (character)
Dr Henry Jekyll, along with his alter ego Mr Edward Hyde, is the central character of Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novella The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. In the story, Dr Jekyll is a good friend of main protagonist Gabriel John Utterson. Living in Leicester Square, west of Covent Garden, Jekyll is a kind and respected English doctor struggling with repressed evil urges. As a potential solution, he develops a serum that he believes will effectively remove his more twisted traits. Instead, Jekyll transforms into Edward Hyde, the physical and mental manifestation of his own misdeeds. This process happens more regularly until Jekyll becomes unable to control when the transformations occur. Dr Jekyll roams Soho as Mr Hyde and Dr Jekyll inhabits Leicester Square as himself.
550th Special Operations Squadron
The 550th Special Operations Squadron (nicknamed "Wolfpack") was a special operations flying training squadron of the United States Air Force.

It was activated in 1971 as the 1550th Flying Training Squadron, responsible for helicopter flying training. It relocated from Hill Air Force Base to Kirtland Air Force Base in 1976 and in 1987 converted to special operations training and was reequipped with fixed-wing aircraft. The squadron was redesignated as the 550th Flying Training Squadron in 1991 and as the 550th Special Operations Squadron in 1994, when it became part of the 58th Special Operations Wing at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. It operated Lockheed HC-130s and Lockheed MC-130s and was inactivated in 2016.

58th Special Operations Wing
The 58th Special Operations Wing is a combat unit of the United States Air Force stationed at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. It is part of the Air Education and Training Command's Nineteenth Air Force.

The wing serves as the primary training site for Air Force special operations and combat search and rescue aircrews. It provides undergraduate, graduate, and refresher aircrew training for special operations, rescue, missile site support and distinguished visitor airlift via helicopter, fixed-wing, and tilt-rotor operations. In total, the wing employs more than 1,800 personnel and trains over 2,000 students annually.
Bespopovtsy
Bespopovtsy (Russian: беспоповцы, IPA: [bʲɪspɐˈpoftsɨ], lit. 'priestless ones'), often called Priestless Old Believers in English, are one of the two major groups of Old Believers. Unlike the Popovtsy ("priested"), the Bespopovtsy reject priests ordained following the liturgical reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in the 17th century.

Popovtsy
The Popovtsy (Russian: поповцы, IPA: [pɐˈpoftsɨ], lit. 'priested ones') or Popovschina (Russian: поповщина) are a Christian group in Russia which originated in the 17th century. They were one of the two main factions of Old Believers, along with the Bezpopovtsy ("priestless ones").