hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magan (civilization)
Magan (also Majan) was an ancient region in what is now modern day Oman and United Arab Emirates. It was referred to in Sumerian cuneiform texts of around 2300 BCE and existed until 550 BCE as a source of copper and diorite for Mesopotamia. As discussed by The Archeology Fund founded by Juris Zarins, "The Sumerian cities of southern Mesopotamia were closely linked to the Persian Gulf. Archaeologists and historians have linked sites in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Qatar to the Sumerian geographical term of Dilmun. Oman, was most likely the Sumerian Magan".

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Simon Aiken
Christianity portal

Simon Mark Aiken is Dean of Benoni and rector of St Dunstan's Cathedral in the Diocese of the Highveld. He was previously the 12th Dean of Kimberley and rector of St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley, in the Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman in South Africa. Born in England in 1962, he went to South Africa in 2006, initially as subdean at Bloemfontein Cathedral.

St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley
The Cathedral Church of St Cyprian the Martyr, Kimberley, is the seat of the Bishop of the Kimberley and Kuruman, Anglican Church of Southern Africa. The building was dedicated in 1908, becoming a Cathedral when the Synod of Bishops mandated formation of the new Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman in October 1911. The first Bishop, the Rt Revd Wilfrid Gore Browne, was enthroned there on 30 June 1912.

The Parish of St Cyprian dates back to 1871 when a chapelry of the Parish of All Saints, Du Toit's Pan, Diocese of Bloemfontein, at first met in a tent in the nearby New Rush, on the Diamond Fields, a place later renamed Kimberley.
Ultradistribution
In functional analysis, an ultradistribution (also called an ultra-distribution) is a generalized function that extends the concept of a distributions by allowing test functions whose Fourier transforms have compact support. They form an element of the dual space 𝒵′, where 𝒵 is the space of test functions whose Fourier transforms belong to 𝒟, the space of infinitely differentiable functions with compact support.

Generalized function
In mathematics, generalized functions are objects extending the notion of functions on real or complex numbers. There is more than one recognized theory, for example  the theory of distributions. Generalized functions are especially useful for treating discontinuous functions more like smooth functions, and describing discrete physical phenomena such as point charges. They are applied extensively, especially in physics and engineering. Important motivations have been the technical requirements of theories of partial differential equations and group representations.

A common feature of some of the approaches is that they build on operator aspects of everyday, numerical functions. The early history is connected with some ideas on operational calculus, and some contemporary developments are closely related to Mikio Sato's algebraic analysis.
Manitoba Highway 8
Provincial Trunk Highway 8 (PTH 8) is a provincial primary highway located in the Canadian province of Manitoba.  It runs from the north limit of the City of Winnipeg, where it meets with Route 180 (McPhillips Street), north to Hecla-Grindstone Provincial Park. The highway between Winnipeg and PR 230 is known as McPhillips Street. At PR 230, McPhillips Street becomes McPhillips Road and continues along PR 230 to PTH 9 (Selkirk Bypass). The route is a major road connecting Winnipeg with the communities of Winnipeg Beach and Gimli. The speed limit is 100 km/h (62 mph).

Winnipeg Route 180
Route 180 (locally known as McPhillips Street) is a major arterial road and city route in northwestern Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It runs from Route 57 (Notre Dame Avenue) to Emes Avenue (Winnipeg city limits) near the Perimeter Highway, where it becomes Highway 8.

The route is the highest-numbered city route in Winnipeg. It serves as a connector to Highway 8 and Selkirk, Manitoba, from downtown Winnipeg via Notre Dame Ave. The speed limit is 60 km/h (37 mph) in the suburban area, except approaching the Perimeter where the speed limit becomes 80 km/h (50 mph).

Among other things, the route is home to the McPhillips Station Casino.
Skipjack (cipher)
In cryptography, Skipjack is a block cipher—an algorithm for encryption—developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). Initially classified, it was originally intended for use in the controversial Clipper chip. Subsequently, the algorithm was declassified.

Clipper chip
The Clipper chip was a chipset that was developed and promoted by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) as an encryption device that secured "voice and data messages" with a built-in backdoor that was intended to "allow Federal, State, and local law enforcement officials the ability to decode intercepted voice and data transmissions." It was intended to be adopted by telecommunications companies for voice transmission. Introduced in 1993, it was entirely defunct by 1996.
Lawesson's reagent
Lawesson's reagent (LR) is a chemical compound used in organic synthesis as a thiation agent. Lawesson's reagent was first made popular by Sven-Olov Lawesson, who did not, however, invent it. Lawesson's reagent was first made in 1956 during a systematic study of the reactions of arenes with P4S10.

Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula P2S5 (empirical) or P4S10 (molecular). This yellow solid is the one of two phosphorus sulfides of commercial value. Samples often appear greenish-gray due to impurities. It is soluble in carbon disulfide but reacts with many other solvents such as alcohols, DMSO, and DMF.
Lianpui Menhirs
Lianpui Menhirs (also known as Lungphun Ropui) is an archaeological megalithic site near the village of Lianpui in Champhai district, Mizoram, India. It consists of 114 intricately carved menhirs, arranged in ceremonial alignments. It was declared as Mizoram’s second centrally protected Monument of National Importance by the Archaeological Survey of India on 14 July 2025.

Champhai district
Champhai district is one of the eleven districts of Mizoram state in India. The district is bounded on the north by Churachandpur district of Manipur state, on the west by Saitual and Serchhip districts, and on the south and east by Myanmar. The district occupies an area of 3,185.83 km2 (1,230.06 sq mi). Champhai town is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Retreat (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
"Retreat" is the sixth story arc of the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight series of comic books, based upon the television series of the same name, and is written by television screenwriter Jane Espenson. The story returns the action to the central plot of vampire Slayer Buffy Summers and her friends in the fight against the masked person Twilight, alongside his followers Amy Madison and Warren Mears. This story arc features the character of Oz, a werewolf who is Buffy's schoolfriend and Willow Rosenberg's ex-boyfriend, who last appeared canonically in the television series' fourth season.

Warren Mears
Warren Mears is a fictional character that is portrayed by Adam Busch in the American television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The character also appears in canonical comic book series continuation of that series. He is the main antagonist in season 6, until Willow turns to her dark side and kills him.
Jai Pratap Singh
Jai Pratap Singh (born 7 September 1953) is an Indian politician serving as the Minister of Medical and Health, Family Welfare, Mother and Child Welfare in the Yogi Adityanath ministry of the Uttar Pradesh Government. He is a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and was a member of 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th and 16th Legislative Assemblies of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of Bharatiya Janta Party. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly seven times from Bansi constituency of Siddharthnagar district.

Siddharthnagar district
Siddharthnagar district is one of the 75 districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Siddharthnagar is the district headquarters. Siddharthnagar district is a part of Basti division. It was under the ancient Kosala kingdom and also the Shakya kingdoms.
Next Generation Squad Weapon
The Next Generation Squad Weapon (NGSW) program is a United States military program created in 2017 by the U.S. Army to replace the 5.56mm M4 carbine, the M249 SAW light machine gun, and the 7.62mm M240 machine gun, with a common system of 6.8mm cartridges and to develop small arms fire-control systems for the new weapons.

Seven defense manufacturers competed in the program, with five attempting to design and produce the weapons and two attempting to create and supply fire-control optics. The winners were officially announced by the Army in early 2022: SIG Sauer to produce the XM7 rifle and XM250 automatic rifle, Vortex Optics to produce the XM157 fire-control system, and Winchester to produce the custom 6.8mm ammunition cartridges designed by SIG Sauer. The program was expected to cost $10 million in the first year of production, and $150 million the next.

M7 rifle
The M7 rifle, previously designated as XM7 and originally as XM5, is the U.S. Army's adopted variant of the SIG MCX-SPEAR chambered in 6.8×51mm Common Cartridge (.277 Fury), designed by SIG Sauer for the Next Generation Squad Weapon (NGSW) program in 2022 to replace the M4 carbine.

The M7 features a gas-operated system, a free-floating reinforced M-LOK handguard for direct accessory attachment to slotted hole mounting points, and uses a SR-25 pattern magazine. It was fielded beginning in March 2024.
Strong Machine J
Strong Machine J (ストロングマシーン・J, Sutorongu Mashīn J) is a Japanese luchador enmascarado (masked professional wrestler) currently signed to the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Dragongate. He is a former Open the Triangle Gate Champion.

Big Boss Shimizu
Yuki Shimizu (清水優己, Shimizu Yūki; born October 26, 1992) is a Japanese professional wrestler better known by the ring name Big R Shimizu (ビッグR清水, Biggu Āru Shimizu), currently working for the Japanese promotion Dragon Gate as Big Boss Shimizu (BIGBOSS清水, Biggu Bosu Shimizu).
Whistle Down the Wind (film)
Whistle Down the Wind is a 1961 British crime drama film directed by Bryan Forbes and starring Hayley Mills, Bernard Lee and Alan Bates. It was adapted by Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall from the 1958 novel of the same name by Mary Hayley Bell (Mills's mother).

In 2005, the British Film Institute included Whistle Down the Wind in a compiled list of the fifty films that children should see by the age of fourteen.

Whistle Down the Wind (novel)
Whistle Down the Wind is a novella written by Mary Hayley Bell and illustrated by Ōven Edwards. First published in 1958 by T.V. Boardman & Co., the central characters are three children: Swallow, Brat, and Poor Baby, based on the author's own children—Juliet, Hayley, and Jonathan Mills. The story is narrated by Brat.

Bell developed the concept for the story in the summer of 1957 in a gypsy caravan at the family's farm in Sussex.

The story was adapted for the 1961 film of the same name, starring the author's daughter Hayley Mills in the lead role.
Publishing Triangle
The Publishing Triangle is an American association of queer readers and professionals in the publishing industry. They host annual Triangle Awards for LGBTQ+ literature, including works with LGBTQ+ authors or with LGBTQ+ themes. The Publishing Triangle also founded the Rainbow Book Month as the National Lesbian and Gay Book Month, and they host literary events in New York.

Publishing Triangle supports one set of a number of LGBTQ+ literary awards. Other prominent awards include the Lambda Literary Awards, Stonewall Book Awards, and Gaylactic Spectrum Awards. Most of Publishing Triangle's awards are bestowed on the best book of the year relating to a specific identity and genre of LGBTQ+ literature. Several author and industry awards are also given, like the Betty Berzon Emerging Writer Award and Michele Karlsberg Leadership Award.

Rainbow Round Table
The Rainbow Round Table (RRT) of the American Library Association (ALA) is dedicated to supporting the information needs of LGBTQIA+ people, from professional library workers to the population at large.  Founded in 1970, it is the nation's first gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender professional organization.  While the current Rainbow moniker was adopted in 2019, the group has had various names during its 50-year history.

One of the core values of the organization is to reflect the diversity of the United States by "providing a full spectrum of resources and services to the communities" being served. The round table runs the Stonewall Book Award, Rainbow Book List, and Over the Rainbow Book List, among others.
ITV Local
ITV Local was a broadband TV service provided by UK commercial public service broadcaster ITV plc, the contractor and provider of ITV in 11 of the 15 television regions.  First established in 2005, the website provided local news, weather and features on demand 24 hours a day.

The project began with two trial services in Brighton and Hastings in the ITV Meridian region. Due to the success of this, the service was expanded to cover the entire Meridian region, then the whole of the ITV network.

On 4 March 2009, it was announced that ITV Local would close as a separate business. It did so on 17 March 2009, with the regions integrated into itv.com.

Itv.com
itv.com is the main website of ITV plc, the UK's largest commercial television broadcaster which operates 13 out of 15 regions on the ITV network under the ITV1 brand. The website offers the ITVX streaming service, with sections for ITV News, certain ITV1 programmes and competitions. STV, which runs the only regions not owned by ITV plc, have their own separate website at stv.tv.
Pon Holdings
Pon Holdings BV is a Dutch conglomerate in the transportation sector. It is one of the five largest bicycle manufacturers in the world, and owns bicycle brands Caloi, Cannondale, Cervélo, Derby Cycle (owner of Focus), GT, Gazelle, IronHorse,  Kalkhoff, Mongoose, Santa Cruz, Urban Arrow (cargo bikes), Veloretti, and Schwinn, among others.

The company was founded in 1980 by Ben Pon, Jr., a former racing car driver and son of Ben Pon Sr., who became the importer of Volkswagen in the Netherlands in 1947. As of 2021 it is still owned by the Pon family.

Santa Cruz Bicycles
Santa Cruz Bicycles, LLC is an American division of Dutch conglomerate Pon Holdings that manufactures mountain bikes in Santa Cruz, California. They sponsor the Santa Cruz Syndicate, a downhill racing team. The company moved premises from 104 Bronson Street to 2841 Mission Street in 2013. Formerly owned by NHS, Inc. On July 3, 2015, Santa Cruz Bicycles was sold to Pon Holdings, a family-owned Dutch conglomerate with a bicycle division including brands such as Cervélo, Focus and Royal Dutch Gazelle.
Roberto Abbado
Roberto Abbado  (born 30 December 1954 in Milan) is an Italian opera and symphonic music conductor. Currently he is an Artistic Partner of The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra. In 2015 he has been appointed music director of Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia in Valencia, Spain. From 2018 he's Music Director of the Festival Verdi in Parma. Previously he held the position of Chief Conductor of Münchner Rundfunkorchester (Munich Radio Orchestra).

Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía
Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía (Valencian: Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia; Spanish: Palacio de las Artes Reina Sofía; anglicised as "Queen Sofía Palace of the Arts") is an opera house, performing arts centre, and urban landmark designed by Santiago Calatrava to anchor the northwest end of the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain. It opened on 8 October 2005; its first opera staging was of Beethoven's Fidelio on 25 October 2006. Tenor and conductor Plácido Domingo has maintained a special relationship with the Palau since its founding and has established a young singers training program there.
Habr Awal
The Habr Awal, alternately known as the Zubeyr Awal (Somali: Habar Awal) is one of the largest sub-clans of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Issa Musa and Sa'ad Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habar Magadle confederation.

The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchants and farmers. They are historically viewed as an affluent clan in the horn Africa that played a huge part for Somaliland's independence. The Habar Awal are politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland as well as the Horn of Africa at large, and they reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands.

Isa Musa
The  Isa Musa , also contemporarily known as the Isamusa (Somali: Ciisemuuse, Arabic: عيسىموسى), also spelled Issamussa, Issamousa, Issemuosa, Issamuse or Isemuse (Full Name: ’Isa ibn Musa ibn Zubayr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad), is a prominent Somali clan which is part of the Isaaq family clan. The Isa Musa traditionally consists of coastal people, nomadic pastoralist and merchants. This clan are primarily settled in Somaliland, including Maroodi Jeex, Togdheer, Sahil, Awdal, Mugadisho,  Djibouti, Yemen, Ethiopia, as well as Kenya.

The Isa Musa have produced many prominent Somali figures with the deputy secretary general of the United Nations Abdulrahim Abby Farah
Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa
The Asociación de Profesores y Monitores en Llingua Llïonesa or APMLL (Leonese Language Teachers and Monitor Association) is a Leonese language association where are integrated the teachers and monitors that teach this language. It was founded in 2007 in Leon, Castile and Leon, Spain, and has members from the provinces of Llión, Zamora and Salamanca.

Leonese language
Leonese (llionés, ḷḷionés, lionés) is a set of vernacular Romance language varieties spoken in northern and western portions of the historical region of León in Spain (the modern provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca), the village of Riudenore (in both Spain and Portugal) and Guadramil in Portugal, sometimes considered another language.  In the past, it was spoken in a wider area, including most of the historical region of Leon. The current number of Leonese speakers is estimated at 20,000 to 50,000. Spanish is now the predominant language in the area.

Leonese forms part of the Asturleonese linguistic group along with dialects of Asturian. The division between Asturian and Leonese is extra-linguistic, as the main divisions within the Asturleonese complex are between eastern and western varieties, rather than between varieties spoken in Asturias and Leon.
Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts and Design
The Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts & Design, formerly the Nesbitt College of Design Arts, is one of the colleges of Drexel University. In 2005, the college was renamed after alumna Antoinette Passo Westphal at the request of her husband after one of the largest private donations to the university in its history.

The college is the home to the Mandell Theater, the Pearlstein Gallery, Drexel's television station (DUTV), the Kal Rudman Institute for Entertainment Industry Studies, MAD Dragon Records and Drexel's Robert & Penny Fox Historic Costume Collection.

MAD Dragon Music Group
The Music Industry Program Entities, or the MAD Dragon Music Group (MDMG), is an umbrella company owned by Drexel University, run by university students and overseen by faculty and staff. The purpose of the company is to provide industry experience to the students in the university's Music Industry program. The companies of MDMG include MAD Dragon Records, DraKo Booking, MAD Dragon Publishing, MADKo Concerts, and artist services company Bantic Media.
Cameron Kasky
Cameron Marley Kasky (born November 11, 2000) is an American activist and advocate against gun violence who co-founded the student-led gun violence prevention advocacy group Never Again MSD. He is notable for helping to organize the March for Our Lives nationwide student protest in March 2018. Kasky is a survivor of the February 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School. Kasky was included in Time magazine's "100 Most Influential People of 2018".

In November 2025, Kasky announced he was running for Congress in New York's 12th congressional district but in January 2026 withdrew his candidacy.

X González
X González (born Emma González; November 11, 1999) is an American activist and advocate for gun control. In 2018, they survived the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history, and, in response, co-founded the gun-control advocacy group Never Again MSD.

González gave a viral speech against gun violence, proclaiming "We call B.S." on the lack of action by politicians funded by the NRA. Subsequently, González continued to be an outspoken activist on gun control, making high-profile media appearances and helping organize the March for Our Lives. Speaking at the demonstration, González led a moment of silence for the victims of the massacre; they stood on stage for six minutes, which they observed was the length of the shooting spree itself.

González was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018.
Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.3.2, IPP isomerase), also known as Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase, is an isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of the relatively un-reactive isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to the more-reactive electrophile dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). This isomerization is a key step in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids through the mevalonate pathway and the MEP pathway.

isopentenyl diphosphate  dimethylallyl diphosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases transposing C=C bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta3-Delta2-isomerase. Other names in common use include isopentenylpyrophosphate Delta-isomerase, methylbutenylpyrophosphate isomerase, and isopentenylpyrophosphate isomerase.

Isomerase
In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:

There is only one substrate yielding one product. This product has the same molecular formula as the substrate but differs in bond connectivity or spatial arrangement. Isomerases catalyze reactions across many biological processes, such as in glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.