hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aleksandar Komulović
Aleksandar Komulović (1548 – 11 June 1608) was a Catholic priest and diplomat from Venetian Dalmatia (now Croatia). Part of the Counter-Reformation, and an early Pan-Slavist, he notably led a diplomatic mission aimed to forge an anti-Ottoman coalition in support of the West during the Long Turkish War, principally in the Balkans and among the Slavs. Although he failed his mission, he inspired the Serbs to revolt. The Papacy was aware that the Latin language of the liturgical books presented an obstacle for the conversion of the South Slavs from Islam and Orthodoxy to Catholicism. Komulović belonged to the first group of Jesuit missionaries and authors who attempted to spread Catholicism among the Slavs using liturgical books in Slavic. After his death, his propaganda activities were continued by Bartol Kašić.

Bartol Kašić
Bartol Kašić (Croatian pronunciation: [bâːrtol kǎʃit͡ɕ]; Latin: Bartholomaeus Cassius, Italian: Bartolomeo Cassio; August 15, 1575 – December 28, 1650) was a Croatian Jesuit clergyman and grammarian during the Counter-Reformation, who wrote the first Illyrian grammar and translated the Bible and the Roman Rite into Illyrian (a name used for the early Croatian or Serbo-Croatian language).
Sean C
Deleno Matthews, known professionally as Sean C (originally Sean Cane), is an American producer, DJ and "artists and repertoire" (A&R) specialist. Sean is a member of production duo Sean C & LV (Grind Music) which is affiliated with Sean Combs' Hitmen producers.

As a DJ, Sean C co-founded the New York DJ crew The X-Men (renamed The X-Ecutioners) Sean worked as an A&R for Steve Rifkind's Loud Records and SRC Records imprints. He is credited as A&R and executive producer for Mobb Deep, Dead Prez, Big Pun, Terror Squad, Remy Ma and The X-Ecutioners. Sean C has produced songs for Jay-Z, Big Pun, Jadakiss among others. He was nominated for best rap album Grammy awards for Jay Z's American Gangster and for Big Pun's debut Capital Punishment.

Levar Coppin
Levar Coppin, also known as "LV", is an American DJ, producer, and songwriter, best known for his involvement in production outfit Sean C & LV, which was linked to Fat Joe's New York City-based hip-hop collective Terror Squad, and is presently linked to Bad Boy Records' The Hitmen. Coppin is also known for his production and songwriting contributions to Jay-Z's 2007 album American Gangster and various Ghostface Killah projects, as well as his writing contributions to Beyoncé's 2022 album Renaissance.
Immigration Department of Malaysia
The Immigration Department of Malaysia (Malay: Jabatan Imigresen Malaysia; abbreviated as JIM) is a department of the Malaysian federal government that provides services to Malaysian citizens, permanent residents and foreign visitors. The department is responsible for issuing passports, travel documents, visas, passes and permits; administering and managing the movement of people at authorised entry and exit points; and enforcing immigration legislation including the Immigration Act 1959/63 and the Passport Act 1966. The department is a section of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Ministry of Home Affairs (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (Malay: Kementerian Dalam Negeri; Jawi: كمنترين دالم نڬري‎), abbreviated KDN, MOHA, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for home affairs: law enforcement, public security, public order,   population registry, immigration, foreign workers, management of societies, anti-drug, publication / printing / distribution of printed materials, film control, management of volunteer, rehabilitation and implementation of punishment.

The Minister of Home Affairs administers his functions through the Ministry of Home Affairs and a range of other government agencies. The current Minister of Home Affairs is Saifuddin Nasution Ismail, whose term began on 3 December 2022.
Interleukin 35
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine from the IL-12 family. A member of the IL-12 family, IL-35 is produced by a wide range of regulatory lymphocytes and plays a role in immune suppression. IL-35 can block the development of Th1 and Th17 cells by limiting early T cell proliferation.

Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12  (IL-12) is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, helper T cells and human B-lymphoblastoid cells (NC-37) in response to antigenic stimulation. IL-12 belongs to the family of interleukin-12. IL-12 family is unique in comprising the only heterodimeric cytokines, which includes IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35. Despite sharing many structural features and molecular partners, they mediate surprisingly diverse functional effects.
Chengbu Miao Autonomous County
Chengbu Miao Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 城步苗族自治县; traditional Chinese: 城步苗族自治縣; pinyin: Chéngbù Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn), usually referred to as Chengbu County (simplified Chinese: 城步县; traditional Chinese: 城步縣; pinyin: Chéngbù Xiàn) or abbreviated just as Chengbu, is an autonomous county of Miao people in the Province of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of Shaoyang City.

Located on the south western margin of Hunan, the county is bordered to the northeast by Wugang City, to the northwest by Suining County, to the southwest by Longsheng Autonomous County of Guangxi, to the southeast by Ziyuan County of Guangxi, and to the south by Xinning County. Chengbu County covers an area of 2,647 km2 (1,022 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 285,845 and a permanent resident population of 262,245. The county has six towns and six townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Chengbei Community of Rulin Town (儒林镇城北社区).

Xinning County
Xinning County (Chinese: 新宁县; pinyin: Xīnníng Xiàn) is a county in the Province of Hunan, China, it is under the administration of Shaoyang City. Located on the south western margin of Hunan, the county is bordered to the northeast by Shaoyang County, to the northwest by Wugang City, to the west by Chengbu Autonomous County, to the south by Ziyuan County of Guangxi, to the east by Dong'an County. Xinning County covers 2,756.13 km2 (1,064.15 sq mi), as of 2015, it had a registered population of 649,700 and a permanent resident population of 574,100. The county has eight towns and eight townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Jinshi (金石镇).
Portable Compiled Format
Portable Compiled Format (PCF) is a bitmap font format used by X Window System in its core font system, and has been used for decades. PCF fonts are usually installed, by default, on most Unix-based operating systems, and are used in terminals such as xterm. PCF fonts replaced Bitmap Distribution Format due to a slight efficiency increase, however most applications have moved on to scalable fonts.

Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format
The Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) by Adobe is a file format for storing bitmap fonts. The content takes the form of a text file intended to be human- and computer-readable. BDF is typically used in Unix X Window environments. It has largely been replaced by the PCF font format which is somewhat more efficient, and by scalable fonts such as OpenType and TrueType fonts.
Rose-Tu
Rose-Tu (born August 31, 1994) is an Asian elephant at the Oregon Zoo in Portland, Oregon, United States. In April 2000, her keeper repeatedly struck her with his bullhook, and an exam shortly after the incident found 176 lacertions and puncture wounds on Rose-Tu. As a result, the keeper was dismissed from his position, convicted of second-degree animal abuse, and the Oregon Zoo was fined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Due to delays in prosecution, the Oregon Senate approved a bill that redefined animal cruelty laws in Oregon to allow evidence of physical wounds to be sufficient to prove animal abuse, a change from earlier laws that required that proof of "impairment of the physical condition or substantial pain".

Rose-Tu has had three offspring: a son, Samudra, in 2008, and two daughters, Lily and Tula-Tu in 2012 and 2025. Lily died in 2018 from elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus.

Samudra (elephant)
Samudra (also known as "Sam") is an Asian elephant at the Oregon Zoo in Portland, Oregon, United States. He was born to Rose-Tu in 2008. Samudra is the first third-generation elephant born in the U.S. His father was Tusko.
Electoral district of Tarneit
The electoral district of Tarneit is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It was created before the 2002 election where it replaced the seat of Werribee.

The seat is located in the south western suburbs of Melbourne, including Tarneit, Williams Landing, Truganina  and the eastern parts of Hoppers Crossing. It is a safe seat for the Labor Party with a current margin of 14.6%.

The first member for the seat, elected in 2002, was Mary Gillett, formerly member for abolished Werribee. She was defeated for Labor preselection for the 2006 election by Tim Pallas, then chief of staff to Premier Steve Bracks. Following an electoral redistribution for the 2014 election, Pallas moved to the recreated seat of Werribee, and Telmo Languiller, formerly member for abolished Derrimut, replaced him in Tarneit.

Electoral district of Werribee
The electoral district of Werribee is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. It has existed in two incarnations, first from 1976 to 2002, and was created again in the 2013 redistribution and came into effect at the 2014 state election.

Based on the rapidly growing outer south west suburbs of Melbourne, it takes in areas from Tarneit and Lara. It covers the suburbs of Werribee, Wyndham Vale, and the rural areas surrounding these suburbs to the south and west.

Werribee was estimated to be a safe Labor seat with a margin of 11.4%, and was held by Labor with a further 4.2% swing towards them at the 2014 state election.

It was held for over a decade by former Treasurer Tim Pallas, but since the 2025 Werribee state by-election, the division has been held by Labor’s John Lister.
Czech branch of the House of Thurn and Taxis
The Czech branch of the House of Thurn and Taxis (German: Thurn und Taxis) is a dynastic cadet branch of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis, a German noble family that was a key player in the postal services in Europe in the 16th century and became well known as the owner of breweries and builder of many castles.

Descendants of the House of Thurn und Taxis in Bohemia, a family that played an important role in Czech national culture and local history for 140 years, are today dispersed around the world.

House of Thurn und Taxis
The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (German: Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis, [ˈtuːɐ̯n ʔʊnt ˈtaksɪs]) is a family of German nobility that is part of the Briefadel. It was a key player in the postal services in Europe during the 16th century, until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and became well known as the owner of breweries and commissioner of several castles. The family has resided in Regensburg since 1748 with their seat at St. Emmeram Castle from 1803. The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany, and the current head of the House is Albert, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis.

They are one of the mediatised Houses for their former Sovereign Imperial counties, later mediatised to Kingdom of Württemberg (Buchau Princely Abbey, now Bad Buchau), Kingdom of Bavaria and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
Rensselaer Society of Engineers
The Rensselaer Society of Engineers (RSE) is a social fraternity founded in 1866 at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, NY. Originally named The Pi Eta Scientific Society, the organization was incorporated in 1873 in the state of New York. Arriving on campus at about the same time as some of the first fraternities, it has remained one of the oldest "local" organizations in the U.S. RSE is the only independent fraternity at Rensselaer.  They have chosen to remain independent to maintain the freedom to set their own policies and make their own managerial decisions. Contrary to what their name may imply, members major not only in engineering, but also in such disciplines as science, management, architecture, and the arts. Society members are active in not only campus and local activities, but are also in many national organizations.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (/rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER; RPI) is a private research university in Troy, New York, United States. It is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world and the Western Hemisphere. It was established in 1824 by Stephen Van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton for the "application of science to the common purposes of life".

Built on a hillside, RPI's 265-acre (107 ha) campus overlooks the city of Troy and the Hudson River. The institute operates an on‑campus business incubator and the 1,250-acre (510 ha) Rensselaer Technology Park.

RPI is organized into six main schools which contain 37 departments, with emphasis on science and technology. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities: Very High Research Activity".
RCS Motor Club
The Royal College of Science Motor Club was set up in 1955 to maintain "Jezebel", a 1916 Dennis N-Type fire engine and a mascot of the students of the Royal College of Science, one of the founding three colleges of Imperial College London, in South Kensington.

Dennis N-Type
The Dennis N-Type is a model of commercial vehicle introduced by Dennis Brothers of Guildford (later Dennis Specialist Vehicles) in around 1905. It was the basis for their early fire engines and trucks.
Erwin, Tennessee
Erwin is a town in and the county seat of Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,083 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnson City metropolitan area, which is a component of the "Tri-Cities" region.

Unicoi County, Tennessee
Unicoi County (/ˈjuːnɪˌkɔɪ/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,928. Its county seat is Erwin. Unicoi is a Cherokee word meaning "white," "hazy," "fog-like," or "fog draped," and refers to the mist often seen in the foothills and mountains of this far northeast county. Unicoi County is part of the Johnson City metropolitan area, which is a component of the "Tri-Cities" region.
Ankerite
Ankerite, also known as brown spar: 258  (German: braunspat) is a calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese carbonate mineral of the group of rhombohedral carbonates with the chemical formula Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(CO3)2. In composition it is closely related to dolomite, but differs from this in having magnesium replaced by varying amounts of iron(II) and manganese. It forms a series with dolomite and kutnohorite.

Dolomite (mineral)
Dolomite (/ˈdɒl.əˌmaɪt, ˈdoʊ.lə-/) is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally CaMg(CO3)2. The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite (see Dolomite (rock)). An alternative name sometimes used for the dolomitic rock type is dolostone.
John Hirasaki
John Hirasaki (born 1941) is an American mechanical engineer who worked for the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during the Apollo 11 mission, the first crewed mission to the Moon. In 1969 he – along with Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and William Carpentier – became one of the first five known humans to view lunar rocks inside Earth's atmosphere.

William Carpentier
William Carpentier (born 1935/36, Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian-American physician best known as the flight surgeon assigned to the United States' Apollo 11 mission, the first crewed spacecraft to land on the Moon. Carpentier says that this was the highlight of his career. In the months following the Apollo 11 mission, Carpentier became known as a world famous physician. He later went into nuclear medicine research.

Carpentier is a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with which he was decorated for his role in the Apollo 13 mission.
Ordos Desert
The Ordos Desert (simplified Chinese: 鄂尔多斯沙漠; traditional Chinese: 鄂爾多斯沙漠; pinyin: È'ěrduōsī Shāmò) is a desert/steppe region in Northwest China, administered under the prefecture of Ordos City in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (centered ca. 39°N 109°E﻿ / ﻿39°N 109°E﻿ / 39; 109). It extends over an area of approximately 90,650 km2 (35,000 sq mi), and comprises two sub-deserts: China's 7th-largest desert, the Kubuqi Desert, in the north; and China's 8th-largest desert, the Mu Us Desert, in the south. Wedged between the arable Hetao region to the north and the Loess Plateau to the south, the soil of the Ordos Desert is mostly a mixture of dry clay and sand, and as a result is poorly suited for agriculture.

Mu Us Desert
The Mu Us Desert (Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ magu usu Ordos: [mʊː ʊsʊ̆] "bad (lacking) water"), also known as the Maowusu Desert (simplified Chinese: 毛乌素沙漠; traditional Chinese: 毛烏素沙漠; pinyin: Máowūsù Shāmò), is a desert in the northern Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia, Northwest China. Its southeastern end is crossed by the Ming Great Wall, and it forms the southern portion of the Ordos Desert. The Wuding River drains the area, and then flows into the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River.
North Dakota Highway 59
North Dakota Highway 59 (ND 59) is a state highway located entirely within Pembina County that connects Interstate 29 (I-29) and U.S. Route 81 (US 81) on the west side of Pembina, to Minnesota State Highway 171 (MN 171) at the Minnesota state line at the Red River.

The entire route runs along the western and northern edges of Pembina as a two lane highway.

Interstate 29 in North Dakota
Interstate 29 (I-29) in the US state of North Dakota runs from the state's southern border with South Dakota near Hankinson to the Canadian border just north of Pembina. The highway runs concurrently twice with U.S. Highway 81 (US 81). The first such overlap begins in Watertown, South Dakota, across the state line to Manvel. The other is from exit 203 to the Canadian border. The highway runs somewhat parallel to the Minnesota border to the east and passes through two major cities, Fargo and Grand Forks.
Pukguksong-4
The Pukguksong-4 (Korean: 북극성-4; lit. Polaris 4) is a North Korean two-stage, solid-fueled submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). First displayed on 10 October 2020 during a military parade, Pukguksong-4 is an evolution of Pukguksong-3 with a larger size and a longer range.

Pukguksong-3
The Pukguksong-3 (Korean: 《북극성-3》형; lit. 'Polaris Type 3') is a North Korean two-stage, submarine-launched ballistic missile, likely based on the same motor that powers the Pukguksong-2. The missile had its first successful flight test on 2 October 2019, although the first information dates back to 2017. Compared to older missiles, the Pukguksong-3 likely represents an incremental step forward in SLBM development, possibly towards an eventual, standardised missile.
George Claude Lockhart
George Claude Lockhart (1885–1979) was the first ringmaster to wear the "pink" hunter tails and top hat, and was referred to in his World's Fair obituary as "The Doyen of Ringmasters". He was best known for being the ringmaster of the Bell Vue International Circus at Belle Vue, Manchester, England, and Blackpool Tower Circus.

Ringmaster (circus)
A ringmaster or ringmistress, or sometimes a ringleader, is a significant performer in many circuses. Most often seen in traditional circuses, the ringmaster is a master of ceremonies that introduces the circus acts to the audience. In smaller circuses, the ringmaster is often the owner and artistic director of the circus.
Texas State Highway 283
State Highway 283 (SH 283) is a Texas state highway that runs from U.S. Highway 380 at Old Glory southeast to U.S. Highway 277 near Stamford.  This route was originally designated on September 26, 1939 from the Oklahoma state line south through Quanah, Crowell, Benjamin, and Rule to Sagerton as a renumbering of part of SH 16 (the original plan was for this to keep the SH 16 number, and SH 283 to be assigned to the Llano-Brady road). On July 31, 1975, the entire route was transferred to SH 6, while SH 283 was transferred from the old route of SH 6 from Stamford northwest to Old Glory.

Texas State Highway 6
State Highway 6 (SH 6) runs from the Red River, the Texas–Oklahoma state line, to northwest of Galveston, where it is known as the Old Galveston Highway. In Sugar Land and Missouri City, it is known as Alvin-Sugarland Road and runs perpendicular to Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 (I-69/US 59). In the Houston area, it runs north to Farm to Market Road 1960 (FM 1960), then northwest along US 290 to Hempstead, and south to Westheimer Road and Addicks, and is known as Addicks Satsuma Road. In the Bryan–College Station area, it is known as the Earl Rudder Freeway. In Hearne, it is known as Market Street. In Calvert, it is known as Main Street. For most of its length, SH 6 is not a limited-access road. In 1997, the Texas Legislature designated SH 6 as the Texas Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway.
Confinity
Confinity Inc. was an American software company based in Silicon Valley, best known as the creator of PayPal. It was founded in December 1998 by Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, and Luke Nosek, initially as a PalmPilot payments and cryptography company.

PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company that operates an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers; it serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial and company users.

Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015, eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Since 2023, PayPal is a member of the MACH Alliance.
Josephus Stevenot
Josephus Hamilton Stevenot (December 23, 1888 – June 8, 1943) was an American entrepreneur and U.S. Army officer in the Philippines with many accomplishments, but today mostly remembered in the Boy Scouts of the Philippines as a co-founder.

Boy Scouts of the Philippines
The Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP) is the national scouting organization of the Philippines in the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The Boy Scouts of the Philippines is currently the 2nd largest scouting organization in the world with 3,344,799 members as of 2023.

The Scout movement was first introduced in the Philippines in 1910 during the American occupation period. The BSP was later recognized as a Member Organization of the Boy Scouts International Conference on October 31, 1936.
Fairfield Methodist Schools
Fairfield Methodist School (Primary) and Fairfield Methodist School (Secondary) are two schools located on Dover Road, Singapore. Founded in 1888 as the Telok Ayer Girls School, they are among the oldest primary and secondary schools in Singapore. Their current premises are at the neighbourhood of Dover in Queenstown, Central Singapore.

Dover, Singapore
Dover is a relatively small neighbourhood of Singapore, located in Queenstown. It is bordered by Ghim Moh to the north, Kent Ridge to the south and southeast, one-north and Queenstown to the east, Commonwealth and Holland Village to the northeast Clementi to the west and West Coast to the southwest. It is often a noted location due to the sheer number of educational facilities it holds, while lying in a zone between the Central Area and near industrial zone in the vicinity of Jurong.