hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jon Bluming
Johannes Cornelius Bluming (6 February 1933 – 17 December 2018) was a Dutch martial artist, instructor and actor. Known as a pioneer in a variety of martial arts, Bluming held 9th dan in Judo, 8th dan in Kyokushinkai Karate and 10th dan in Hapkido. He was also the coach of two-time Olympic champion Willem Ruska.

Wim Ruska
Willem "Wim" Ruska (29 August 1940 – 14 February 2015) was a Dutch judoka and professional wrestler. He is the first athlete to win two gold medals in Judo in one Olympics – in the heavyweight and absolute categories in 1972.

He later worked as a professional wrestler in New Japan Pro-Wrestling and World Wrestling Federation, both as a singles wrestler and as a tag team partner of Allen Coage.
First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.

28 May 1926 coup d'état
The 28 May 1926 coup d'état, sometimes called 28 May Revolution or, during the period of the corporatist Estado Novo (English: New State), the National Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução Nacional), was a military coup of a nationalist origin, that put an end to the unstable Portuguese First Republic and initiated 48 years of corporatist and nationalist rule within Portugal. The regime that immediately resulted from the coup, the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship), would be later refashioned into the Estado Novo, which in turn would last until the Carnation Revolution in 1974.
Anonymous remailer
A privacy-focused remailer is a server that receives messages with embedded instructions on where to send them next, and that forwards them while attempting to obscure their origin. There are cypherpunk remailers, mixmaster remailers, and nym servers, among others, which differ in their design and the level of privacy they were intended to provide. It is critical to understand that without integration with an anonymity network like Tor, these systems do not provide anonymity against powerful adversaries.

Remailing as discussed in this article applies to e-mails intended for particular recipients, not the general public. Anonymity in the latter case is more easily addressed by using any of several methods of anonymous publication.
Remailing should also not be confused with modern services providing an email alias.

Pseudonymous remailer
A pseudonymous remailer or nym server, as opposed to an anonymous remailer, is an Internet software program designed to allow people to write pseudonymous messages on Usenet newsgroups and send pseudonymous email.  Unlike purely anonymous remailers, it assigns its users a user name, and it keeps a database of instructions on how to return messages to the real user.   These instructions usually involve the anonymous remailer network itself, thus protecting the true identity of the user.

Primordial pseudonymous remailers once recorded enough information to trace the identity of the real user, making it possible for someone to obtain the identity of the real user through legal or illegal means. This form of pseudonymous remailer is no longer common.

David Chaum wrote an article in 1981 that described many of the features present in  modern pseudonymous remailers.

The Penet remailer, which lasted from 1993 to 1996, was a popular pseudonymous remailer.
Crime forum
A crime forum is a generic term for an Internet forum specialising in computer crime and Internet fraud activities such as hacking, identity theft, phishing, pharming, malware or spamming.

During the early days of the Internet, public dial up BBSes would serve to put miscreants in touch with one another to share tips of credit card fraud, hacking and other illicit services.

By the 2000s and the rise of the modern internet, modern internet forum software was preferred, with private invite-only sites being the most long lived. Sites like ShadowCrew, counterfeitlibrary.com and the Russian language carderplanet.com would specialise in various illegal activities before each eventually succumbing to law enforcement action.

By 2015, notorious forums such as Darkode would be infiltrated and dismantled prior to returning with increased security.

As of July 2015, there are estimated to be several hundred such forums.

Dark0de
dark0de, also known as Darkode, was a cybercrime forum and black marketplace described by Europol as "the most prolific English-speaking cybercriminal forum to date". The site, which was launched in 2007, served as a venue for the sale and trade of hacking services, botnets, malware, stolen personally identifiable information, credit card information, hacked server credentials, and other illicit goods and services.

Of all the illegal forums throughout the world, Darkode was one of the most dangerous. This is because it was home to the most amount of criminal hackers and was the most threatening in terms of data safety.
The Killer Inside Me (2010 film)
The Killer Inside Me is a 2010 American crime drama and an adaptation of the 1952 novel by Jim Thompson. The film is directed by Michael Winterbottom and stars Casey Affleck, Jessica Alba, and Kate Hudson. It is the second film adaptation of Thompson's novel, the first being 1976's The Killer Inside Me, directed by Burt Kennedy.

At its release, the film was criticised for its graphic depiction of violence directed toward women.

The Killer Inside Me (1976 film)
The Killer Inside Me is a 1976 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by Burt Kennedy and based on Jim Thompson's novel of the same name. In this adaptation, the action was shifted from the west Texas oilfields to a Montana mining town, and several other changes were made. It stars Stacy Keach, Susan Tyrrell, and Tisha Sterling.

A 2010 remake was directed by Michael Winterbottom.
Ray Sefo
Ray Sefo(born 15 February 1971) is a New Zealand fight promoter and retired kickboxer, boxer, and mixed martial artist. He was the K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 Runner-up, is a six-time Muay Thai World Champion, and was an eight time K-1 World Grand Prix Finals tournament participant. He is the president of MMA promotion Professional Fighters League. In kickboxing, he defeated world champions Jerome Le Banner, Peter Aerts, Stefan Leko, Mike Bernardo, and Mark Hunt. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest heavyweight kickboxers to have never won the K-1 World Grand Prix. As mixed martial artist, he most notably competed in the now defunct Strikeforce in 2009 and 2011.

Jérôme Le Banner
Jérôme Philippe Le Banner (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁom filip lə banɛʁ]; born December 26, 1972) is a French kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler. Le Banner fought for most of his career in K-1 and became known for his aggressive fighting style and knockout power. He is a 2-time K-1 World Grand Prix runner up, a 2-time K-1 Preliminary Grand Prix champion, and is a multiple time world champion in Kickboxing and Muay Thai.
European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and Telecommunications
The European System Providing Refueling Infrastructure and Telecommunications (ESPRIT) is an under construction module of the Lunar Gateway. It will provide refueling through additional xenon and hydrazine capacity for use in the Power and Propulsion Element's ion engines and hydrazine thrusters. It will also provide additional communications equipment, a habitation area, and storage. It will have a launch mass of approximately 10,000 kg (22,000 lb), a length of 6.4 m (21 ft), and a diameter of 4.6 m (15 ft). ESA awarded two parallel design studies for ESPRIT, one mostly led by Airbus in partnership with Comex and OHB and one led by Thales Alenia Space. The construction of the module was approved in November 2019. On 14 October 2020, Thales Alenia Space announced that they had been selected by ESA to build the ESPRIT module.

The module is currently slated to launch as a co-manifested payload on Artemis V in 2030. 1.5 tons of cargo will be packed inside the module for launch.

Lunar Gateway
The Lunar Gateway, or simply Gateway, is a planned space station to be assembled in orbit around the Moon. Developed as part of NASA’s Artemis program, the Gateway is intended to serve as a communications hub, science laboratory, and habitation module for supporting both crewed and robotic lunar exploration. It is designed to be the first space station constructed beyond low Earth orbit and as a staging point for future human missions to Mars.

The project is led by NASA in collaboration with international partners, including the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC), with additional participation from commercial partners.

In July 2025, the passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act allocated $2.6 billion to fund the program through FY 2032.
Auxiliary routes of Arkansas Highway 7
Six auxiliary routes of Arkansas Highway 7 currently exist. Four are spur routes, one is a business route, and one is a truck route. They are listed below in south-to-north order.

One former alternate route existed in Dallas County, replaced by Highway 128 in 1937.

Arkansas Highway 128
Arkansas Highway 128 (AR 128) is a designation for four state highways in Southwest Arkansas. One segment of 11.99 miles (19.30 km) runs from Highway 7 in Sparkman east to Highway 9 at Holly Springs. A second segment of 6.23 miles (10.03 km) runs from Highway 51 at Joan north to Highway 7 at Gravel Junction. A third segment of 20.04 miles (32.25 km) runs from Highway 7 north of DeGray Lake Resort State Park northeast to U.S. Route 270B (US 270B) in Hot Springs. A fourth segment of 8.78 miles (14.13 km) runs from Highway 5 in Fountain Lake east to US 70 north of Lonsdale. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).
Volkswagen Jetta (China)
The Chinese version of the Volkswagen Jetta is manufactured by the joint venture FAW-Volkswagen since 1991. In 2019, the name was split out from Volkswagen to become its own marque and the model became known as the Jetta VA3.

Volkswagen Jetta
The Volkswagen Jetta (listenⓘ) is a compact car/small family car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen since 1979. Positioned to fill a sedan niche slightly above the firm's Golf hatchback, it has been marketed over seven generations, variously as the Atlantic, Vento, Bora, City Jetta, Jetta City, GLI, Jetta, Clasico, and Sagitar (in China).

The Jetta has been offered in two- and four-door saloon / sedan and sometimes as five-door wagon / estate versions. Since the original version in 1980, the car has grown in size and power with each generation. By mid-2011, almost 10 million Jettas have been produced and sold all over the world. As of April 2014, Volkswagen marketed over 14 million, becoming its top selling model.
Esteghlal Khuzestan F.C.
Esteghlal Khuzestan Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال استقلال خوزستان, Bašgâh-e Futbâl-e Esteqlâl-e Xuzestân), commonly known as Esteghlal Khuzestan, is an Iranian football club based in Ahvaz, Iran. The club currently competes in the Persian Gulf Pro League after being promoted from the Azadegan League in the 2022–23 season.

This football club is different from Esteghlal Ahvaz. In 2011 they bought Esteghlal Jonub's licence to compete in the Azadegan League. They finished 2012–13 season in 2nd place of their group and qualified to the promotion play-off. However, they were awarded the direct promotion IRIFF after group's winner, Shahrdari Tabriz's relegation due to match-fixing. They won the Persian Gulf Pro League title in 2015–16 season.

Esteghlal Ahvaz F.C.
Esteghlal Ahvaz Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال استقلال اهواز, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Esteqlâl Ahvaz), commonly known as Esteghlal Ahvaz, was an Iranian football club based in Ahvaz, Khuzestan, that competed in the Khuzestan Province league. The club was founded in 1948 as Taj Ahvaz Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال تاج اهواز).

The football team played their home games at the Takhti Ahvaz which has a seating capacity of 10,000. The club was owned and supported by Mohammad Maleki.
Bibha Chowdhuri
Bibha Chowdhuri (3 July 1913 – 2 June 1991) was an Indian particle physicist known for her investigations into cosmic rays. Working with D. M. Bose, she was the first to discover meson and proving Hideki Yukawa mesons theory.

Debendra Mohan Bose
Debendra Mohan Bose (26 November 1885 – 2 June 1975) was an Indian physicist who made contributions in the field of cosmic rays, artificial radioactivity and neutron physics. He was the first to discover mesons with Bibha Chowdhuri and was the longest serving Director (1938–1967) of Bose Institute. Bose was the nephew of the famous physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose, who laid the foundations of modern science in India.
Far East Organization
Far East Organization is the largest private real estate developer in Singapore. Founded in 1960 by Ng Teng Fong, the company has businesses in property development, retail, hospitality, and food and beverage brands in Asia and Australia.

Far East Organization operates in Singapore, Hong Kong, Mainland China, Malaysia, and Australia. It has three public-listed subsidiaries: Far East Orchard Limited, Yeo Hiap Seng Limited, and Far East Hospitality Trust.

Yeo Hiap Seng
Yeo Hiap Seng Limited (simplified Chinese: 杨协成; traditional Chinese: 楊協成; pinyin: Yáng Xiéchéng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iûⁿ Hia̍p-sêng, Commonly known as Yeo's) is a Singaporean beverage company. It operates as an investment holding company as well as a drink manufacturer in Singapore, Malaysia and China. It is a multinational corporation that has offices and market presence in the US, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Maldives, Mauritius, Mongolia, Pacific Islands, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. Some of its house brands (See Below) include H-Two-O, Yeo's Asian Beverages, Justea, and Pink Dolphin.

YHS majority shareholder is Ng Teng Fong's Far East Organization, which also develops houses and condominiums. The company also has operations in over 60 countries which includes Thailand, China, Singapore, Malaysia, United States and franchises in Indonesia and Mauritius.
Sir Lister Holte, 5th Baronet
Sir Lister Holte, 5th Baronet (26 April 1720 – 21 April 1770) was an English landowner in Warwickshire and a Member of Parliament for Lichfield from 1741 to 1747. He was also High Sheriff of Cheshire.

The owner of Aston Hall for 40 years, Sir Lister married three times to well-connected or wealthy heiresses. After his death, his will was the subject of a legal dispute in the 1770s between members of his family which ended in his widow's favour. He was childless and the Holte baronetcy was inherited by his brother, Sir Charles.

Sir Charles Holte, 6th Baronet
Sir Charles Holte, 6th Baronet (bapt. 25 November 1721 – 13 March 1782)  was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1780.

Holte was the second son of Sir Clobery Holte, 4th Baronet, of Aston Hall and his wife Barbara Lister, daughter of Thomas Lister of Whitfield, Northamptonshire. He was admitted at Magdalen College, Oxford on 13 February 1739, aged 17. In 1754 he married Anne Jesson, daughter of Pudsey Jesson of Langley, Warwickshire and had a daughter. He succeeded his brother Lister in the baronetcy on 21 April 1770.

In the 1774 general election he was returned after a contest as Member of Parliament for Warwickshire. His attendance in Parliament was not good as he suffered from poor health and he did not stand in 1780.

Holte died on 13 March 1782 and the baronetcy became extinct. The businessperson Sarah Florry and her mother intended to move in with his widow. The plan was abandoned when Sarah's mother and Lady Holte died in 1799.
Flux limiter
Flux limiters are used in high resolution schemes – numerical schemes used to solve problems in science and engineering, particularly fluid dynamics, described by partial differential equations (PDEs). They are used in high resolution schemes, such as the MUSCL scheme, to avoid the spurious oscillations (wiggles) that would otherwise occur with high order spatial discretization schemes due to shocks, discontinuities or sharp changes in the solution domain. Use of flux limiters, together with an appropriate high resolution scheme, make the solutions total variation diminishing (TVD).

Note that flux limiters are also referred to as slope limiters because they both have the same mathematical form, and both have the effect of limiting the solution gradient near shocks or discontinuities. In general, the term flux limiter is used when the limiter acts on system fluxes, and slope limiter is used when the limiter acts on system states (like pressure, velocity etc.).

Total variation diminishing
In numerical methods, total variation diminishing (TVD) is a property of certain discretization schemes used to solve hyperbolic partial differential equations. The most notable application of this method is in computational fluid dynamics. The concept of TVD was introduced by Ami Harten.
Thales Watchkeeper WK450
The Thales Watchkeeper is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR) used by the British Army.  Originally, It was developed by UAV Tactical Systems (U-TacS), a joint venture of Elbit Systems UK and Thales UK, and is based on Elbit's Hermes 450,  the production entity came under the full ownership of Elbit Systems in January 2026.

The Watchkeeper entered full service in 2019, and although previously slated for retirement in March 2025, significantly before its earlier planned out-of-service date of 2042, this has now been extended to an out-of-service date of March 2027.

Elbit Hermes 450
The Hermes 450 is a medium-sized multi-payload unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed by Israeli defence company Elbit for tactical long-endurance missions. It has an endurance of over 20 hours, with a primary mission of reconnaissance, surveillance and communications relay. Payload options include electro-optical/infrared sensors, communications and electronic intelligence, synthetic-aperture radar/ground-moving target indication, electronic warfare, and hyperspectral sensors.
Raid on Entebbe (film)
Raid on Entebbe is a 1977 NBC television film directed by Irvin Kershner. It is based on the Entebbe raid, an Israeli military operation to liberate hostages at Entebbe Airport in Uganda, on July 4, 1976. The portrayal of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was Peter Finch's final performance; he died five days after the film's release.

Raid on Entebbe portrays the discussions within the Israeli government, the military rescue of the hostages, and the controversy prompted by the rescue. It was one of three films made in the 1970s based on the Entebbe raid, Victory at Entebbe was rushed through production by ABC and broadcast one month earlier in December 1976. Operation Thunderbolt (1977, Israel) was the third  A fourth film, Entebbe (titled 7 Days in Entebbe in the U.S.) was released over four decades later in 2018.

Entebbe (film)
Entebbe (titled 7 Days in Entebbe in the U.S.) is a 2018 action thriller film directed by José Padilha and written by Gregory Burke. The film recounts the story of the Entebbe raid, a 1976 counter-terrorist hostage-rescue operation, and stars Rosamund Pike and Daniel Brühl.

It was released in the United States on 16 March 2018 and in the United Kingdom on 11 May 2018. The film received negative reviews from critics.
F-clamp
An F-clamp, also known as a bar clamp or speed clamp, is a type of clamp. The name comes from its "F" shape. This tool is used in woodworking while more permanent attachment is being made with screws or glue, or in metalworking to hold pieces together for welding or bolting. F-clamps are similar to but distinct from C-clamps and pipe clamps.

Pipe clamp
A pipe clamp is a type of clamp often employed in piping, woodworking, and cabinet shops.

Pipe clamps for woodwork or cabinet shops are usually composed of commercially manufactured clamp heads or "jaws" and a length of common threaded pipe. The capacity of the clamp is determined by the length of the pipe used.

When referring to piping, pipe clamps are used to connect the pipe to the pipe hanger assembly.
Ringerike Municipality
Ringerike is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Ringerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Hønefoss.

The municipality of Ringerike was created on 1 January 1964 after the merger of the town of Hønefoss and the rural municipalities of Hole, Norderhov, Tyristrand, and Ådal. However, the area of Hole was removed from the municipality of Ringerike on 1 January 1977 to become a separate municipality once again. The historic area of Ringerike included not just the modern municipality of Ringerike but also Hole and Krødsherad, Modum, and Sigdal.

Modum
Modum is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vikersund.  The municipality of Modum was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

The area has a long tradition of skiing with several famous skiers. Modum is home to one of the largest ski jumping hills in the world, Vikersundbakken which is situated in Heggen, outside Geithus.  The hill record, established in 2017 is a jump of 253.5 metres (832 ft).
2C-E
2C-E, also known as 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally.

2C-E was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1977 and was documented in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).

PiHKAL
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, also known as Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved, is a book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin published in 1991. The subject of the work is psychoactive phenethylamine chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelics and/or entactogens. The book has two halves, with the second part containing detailed entries on 179 phenethylamines. PiHKAL was followed by TiHKAL: The Continuation (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved) (1997).
Ikeda Terumasa
Ikeda Terumasa (池田 輝政; January 31, 1565 – March 16, 1613) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period. His court title was Musashi no Kami. Terumasa was also known by the nickname saigoku no shōgun, or, "The Shōgun of Western Japan". Terumasa fought in many of the battles of the late Azuchi–Momoyama period, and due to his service at the Battle of Sekigahara, received a fief at Himeji. His childhood name was Araokojimaru (荒尾古新丸). He was the son of Ikeda Tsuneoki and brother of Ikeda Sen.

Ikeda Tsuneoki
Ikeda Tsuneoki (池田 恒興; 1536 – May 18, 1584), also known as Ikeda Nobuteru (池田 信輝), was an Ikeda clan daimyō and military commander under Oda Nobunaga during the Sengoku period and Azuchi–Momoyama periods of 16th-century Japan. He was a retainer of the famous warlords Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In his early years, he served Nobunaga since his mother was Nobunaga's foster mother.