hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Business process modeling
Business process modeling (BPM) is the action of modeling processes of an enterprise. BPM is used to analyze, improve, and possibly automate business processes. BPM is typically performed by business analysts in collaboration with subject matter experts. It is primarily used in business process management, software development, and systems engineering. BPM can also be automatically generated through IT systems, such as event logs and other data.

BPM has many applications in business process management. There are multiple methods of modeling and notations that are recommended, BPMN being the most common.

Business process
A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur at all organizational levels and may or may not be visible to the customers. A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as a flowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process. The benefits of using business processes include improved customer satisfaction and improved agility for reacting to rapid market change. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoid functional silos.
Vela (tribe)
The Vela are a historical Albanian tribe (fis) and tribal region in the districts of Lezha and Mirdita of northern Albania. It is one of the four traditional bajraks of the Highlands of Lezha (Malësia e Lezhës), alongside the Bulgëri, Kryezezi and Manatia.

Kryezezi
The Kryezezi are a historical Albanian tribe (fis) and tribal region in the districts of Lezha and Mirdita of northern Albania. It is one of the four traditional bajraks of the Highlands of Lezha (Malësia e Lezhës), alongside the Bulgëri, Vela and Manatia.
Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo
Othón P. Blanco is one of the eleven subdivisions (municipios) of the Mexican state of  Quintana Roo. It had a 2020 census population of 233,648 people. Its municipal seat is the city of Chetumal, which also serves as the state capital. The municipality is named after Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres.

The municipal government is headed by the municipal president of Othón P. Blanco (mayor of Othón P. Blanco, aka mayor of Chetumal).

It was formerly the fifth-largest municipality in land area in Mexico at 17,189.7 square kilometres (6,637.0 sq mi), occupying more than a third of the entire state. It lost about 40% of its territory when the Bacalar Municipality was created out of Othón P. Blanco on February 2, 2011.

Bacalar Municipality
Bacalar is one of the eleven municipalities of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo.  The municipal seat and most populous town is the eponymous Bacalar.  The municipality was formed on February 2, 2011, when it separated from the Municipality of Othón P. Blanco.
Loja Canton
The following article is about the Loja Canton. For the Loja Province, see Loja Province and for the city, see Loja, Ecuador.

Loja Canton is located in the southeast of the Province of Loja bordering the Podocarpus National Park and the Province of Zamora-Chinchipe in the east and south, and the cantons of Saraguro in the north, Catamayo, Gonzanama, and Quilanga in the west.  The principal city is Loja which is also the provincial capital.  It is also home to Vilcabamba, the "Valley of Longevity."

Loja, Ecuador
Loja (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlo.xa]), formerly Loxa and fully City of the Immaculate Conception of Loja (Spanish: Ciudad de la Inmaculada Concepción de Loja), is the capital of Ecuador's Loja Province. It is located in the Cuxibamba valley in the south of the country, sharing borders with the provinces of Zamora-Chinchipe and other cantons of the province of Loja. Loja holds a rich tradition in the arts, and for this reason is known as the Music and Cultural Capital of Ecuador. The city is home to two major universities.

The city has a population of about 203,000, and is situated 2060 m (6758 ft) above sea level. It has a mild Andean climate, ranging between 16 and 30 °C.

The Pan-American Highway runs past Loja.
John Langalibalele Dube
John Langalibalele Dube OLG (22 February 1871 – 11 February 1946) was a South African essayist, philosopher, educator, politician, publisher, editor, novelist and poet. He was the founding president of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), which became the African National Congress in 1923. He was an uncle to Dr Pixley ka Isaka Seme, with whom he founded SANNC. Dube served as the president of SANNC between 1912 and 1917. He was brought to America by returning missionaries and attended Oberlin Preparatory Academy.

He returned to South Africa, where in 1901 he and his first wife, Nokutela Dube, founded the Ohlange High School based on the Tuskegee Institute founded by Booker T. Washington. In 1903, the Dubes founded the isiZulu newspaper Ilanga (now Ilanga lase Natal).  In 1930, John Dube published Shaka's Body Servant. He died in 1946.

Oberlin Academy
Oberlin Academy Preparatory School, originally the Preparatory Department of Oberlin College, was a private preparatory school in Oberlin, Ohio which operated from 1833 until 1916. The College opened the preparatory department in 1833 as a part of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute, which became Oberlin College in 1850. The secondary school serving local and boarding students continued as a department of the college. The school and college admitted African Americans and women. This was very unusual and controversial. It was located on the Oberlin College campus for much of its history and many of its students continued on to study at Oberlin College. Various alumni and staff went on to notable careers.
Brian Oakley
Brian Wynne Oakley, CBE FBCS FInstP (10 October 1927 – 17 August 2012) was a British civil servant and industrialist who took a leading role in the area of information technology, especially the 1980s Alvey Programme.

Alvey Programme
The Alvey Programme was a British government sponsored research programme in information technology that ran from 1984 to 1990. The programme was a reaction to the Japanese Fifth Generation project, which aimed to create a computer using massively parallel computing/processing. The programme was not focused on any specific technology such as robotics, but rather supported research in knowledge engineering in the United Kingdom. It has been likened in operations to the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Japan's ICOT.
Polistes dorsalis
Polistes dorsalis is a species of social wasps that can be found throughout various parts of North America. It is classified under the Vespidae within the genus of Polistes. Male Polistes dorsalis wasps can be distinguished from other Polistes species by their distinctly prominent median tubercle of sternum 7. Both sexes can also be recognized due to their v- shaped yellow markings on their head. They are distributed widely across North America and can be found in sheltered nests, typically closer to the ground. These wasps live in a dominance hierarchy in which the queen's role differs from that of ordinary workers. When threatened, these wasps can deliver moderately painful stings. Their venom might also be of human interest for their antimicrobial uses.

Polistes
Polistes is a cosmopolitan genus of paper wasps and the only genus in the tribe Polistini. Vernacular names for the genus include umbrella wasps, coined by Walter Ebeling in 1975 to distinguish it from other types of paper wasp, in reference to the form of their nests, and umbrella paper wasps. Polistes is the single largest genus within the family Vespidae, with over 200 recognized species. Their innate preferences for nest-building sites leads them to commonly build nests on human habitation, where they can be very unwelcome; although generally not aggressive, they can be provoked into defending their nests. All species are predatory, and they may consume large numbers of caterpillars, in which respect they are generally considered beneficial.
Namakkal Anjaneyar Temple
Namakkal Anjaneyar temple is located in Namakkal, a town in Namakkal district in Tamil Nadu, India and is dedicated to the Hindu god Hanuman. It is constructed in the Tamil style of architecture. The legend of the temple is associated with Narasimha, an avatar of Hindu god Vishnu appearing for Hanuman and Lakshmi. The image of Anjaneyar is 18 ft (5.5 m) tall, making it one of the tallest images of Hanuman in India. The temple follows the Vaikhanasa tradition.

The temple has a pillared hall leading to the sanctum. Four daily rituals and many yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which fifteen-day Panguni Uthiram festival celebrated during the Tamil month of Panguni (March - April) when the image of presiding deities are taken around the streets of the temple, being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

Namakkal
Namakkal (Tamil: [nɑːməkkəl]) is a city and the headquarters of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. It is the first ISO 14001-2004 certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services. Namakkal is known as the Egg City due to its large egg production and Transport city.
James Robertson (photographer)
James Robertson (1813–1888) was an English gem and coin engraver who worked in the Mediterranean region, and who became a pioneering photographer working in the Crimea and possibly India. He is noted for his Orientalist photographs and for being one of the first war photographers.

Antonio Beato
Antonio Beato (c. 1835–1906), also known as Antoine Beato, was an Italian-British photographer. He is noted for his genre works, portraits, views of the architecture and landscapes of Egypt and other locations in the Mediterranean region. He was the younger brother of photographer Felice Beato (1832–1909), with whom he sometimes worked. Antonio and his brother were part of a small group of commercial photographers who were the first to produce images of the Orient on a large scale.
Caddington
Caddington is a village and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England.

The western border of the parish is Watling Street, to the west of which is Kensworth. The northern and eastern border are generally formed by the Luton to Dunstable Busway and the M1. To the south-east of the parish is the parish of Slip End, and to the south is Markyate, in Hertfordshire.

Caddington village and the nearby hamlet of Aley Green are in the south of the parish. The hamlet of Chaul End lies in the north of the parish, and at the border with Luton there is Caddington Park with Skimpot in its postal address. The Zouches Farm radio tower is situated in the north-west of the parish.

Aley Green
Aley Green is a hamlet in Bedfordshire, England.

Aley Green is within the civil parish of Caddington. However, the cemetery and the southern end of Mancroft Road (including Aley Green Methodist Church) are in the parish of Slip End, though they are considered to be part of Aley Green.

Throughout its history, Aley Green has been a border settlement between Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire. The settlement formerly straddled the border of the two counties, until boundary changes in 1965 brought Aley Green entirely into Bedfordshire.
Archdiocese of Shillong
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shillong (Latin: Shillongensis) is a Roman Catholic archdiocese with its jurisdiction in the two district of Ri Bhoi and East khasi Hills State of Meghalaya, in northeastern India. The Archdiocese of Shillong is also the metropolitan diocese of the Province of Shillong, an ecclesiastical province in  Northeast India. It serves  346,060 followers in 45 parishes under 8 zones in the 2 districts. The rural parishes are usually divided into sub districts and further into "Balang shnong" or village churches (which are further divided into blocks for better management ) while urban parishes are divided into CMCs and balang dong in the district. The Archdiocese usually organised programmes, teaching and worship at Diocese level, Zonal Level, Parish level, CMC (Catholic Managing Committee)/ village level and Small Christian communities or Kynhun Balang barit (KBB).

Diocese of Jowai
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Jowai (Latin: Iovaien(sis)) is a diocese located in the town of Jowai in the ecclesiastical province of Shillong in India. In a land area of 3,819 square kilometers, the diocesan territory covers the districts of East and West Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya.
Karangasem Regency
Karangasem Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Karangasem; Balinese: ᬓᬪᬹᬧᬢᬾ​ᬦ᭄ ᬓᬭᬗᬲᭂᬫ᭄, Kabupatén Karangasĕm) is a regency (kabupaten) of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It covers the east part of Bali, has an area of 836.68 km2 (323.04 sq mi). It is bordered by Buleleng Regency and Bangli Regency to its west and Klungkung Regency to its south, and the Indian Ocean to its south, the Bali Sea and the Java Sea to its north and the Lombok Strait to its east. The population of the regency as of mid-2024 was 538,390. Its regency seat is the town of Amlapura.

Karangasem was devastated when Mount Agung erupted in 1963, killing 1,900 people.  Karangasem was a kingdom before Bali was conquered by the Dutch.

Amlapura
Amlapura (Balinese: ᬅᬫ᭄ᬮᬧᬸᬭ; Indonesian pronunciation: [amlaˈpura]) formerly known as Kuta Negara Karangasem (Balinese: ᬓᬸᬢᬦᭂᬕᬭᬓᬭᬗᬲᭂᬫ᭄; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌkut̪a nəˌɡara karaˈŋasəm]) is a town and the regency seat of the Karangasem Regency, Bali, Indonesia. It was renamed in 1963 after the eruption of Mount Agung. The population of the town in 2010 was 37.308.
Aaj Robibar
Aaj Robibar (Bengali: আজ রবিবার; Today's Sunday) is a Bangladeshi television sitcom created by Humayun Ahmed that was originally aired on BTV in 1996. The series was directed by Monir Hossain Jibon. The lead characters were played by Abul Khair, Abul Hayat, Zahid Hasan, Meher Afroz Shaon, Shila Ahmed, Faruque Ahmed, Asaduzzaman Noor and Suborna Mustafa. It is cited as one of the most popular sitcoms in Bangladesh of the 90's, quotes from numerous episodes have become catchphrases in popular culture. It was re-aired in Hindi on the Indian television channel Star Plus in 2017.

Meher Afroz Shaon
Meher Afroz Shaon (born 12 October 1981) is a Bangladeshi actress, director, dancer and playback singer. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her performance in the film Krishnopokkho (2016). She was the  second wife of writer and director Humayun Ahmed.
Steven Finn
Steven Thomas Finn (born 4 April 1989) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-arm fast bowler, who also bats right-handed. At the age of 16, he became Middlesex County Cricket Club's youngest-ever debutant in first-class cricket.  He made his England Test debut in 2010 against Bangladesh. In 2019 he became a commentator for Test Match Special.

English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2009–10
The England cricket team toured Bangladesh at the end of the 2009–10 cricket season, playing three One Day Internationals (ODI) and two Test matches. Regular England captain Andrew Strauss controversially missed the tour to rest for the 2010–11 Ashes series, so the team was led for the first time by Alastair Cook. Bangladesh were captained by all-rounder Shakib Al Hasan.

England whitewashed Bangladesh in both the Test and ODI series, maintaining their record as the only Test-playing nation not to have been beaten by the Bangladeshis. England gave debuts to five players during the series, including South African-born Craig Kieswetter, which drew criticism over the number of foreign-born players in the England team, particularly from former England captain Michael Vaughan.
C. J. Young
Carl Joshua Young (born January 1, 1968) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger who played 44 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1992–93 and competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics. A decorated college athlete, Young played four seasons with the Harvard Crimson program and was a member of the school's 1989 national championship. The New Jersey Devils selected him with the fifth overall in the 1989 NHL Supplemental Draft, though he never played for the team.  Young signed with the Calgary Flames in 1990 and made his NHL debut with the team two years later. He was traded to the Boston Bruins mid-season.  Young signed with the Florida Panthers prior to the 1993–94 season, but left the sport after becoming embroiled in a dispute with the team.

Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey
The Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Harvard University. The Crimson are a member of ECAC Hockey. They play at the Bright Hockey Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The Crimson hockey team is one of the oldest college ice hockey teams in the United States, having played their first game on January 19, 1898, in a 0–6 loss to Brown.

The Crimson's archrival is the Cornell Big Red. The teams meet at least twice each season for installments of the historic Cornell–Harvard hockey rivalry.
Larch
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae. Growing to as much as 60 m (195 ft) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in lowland forests in the far north, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada, making them the most abundant genus of trees on earth. Larch wood is tough and relatively durable; it is used in boatbuilding, cladding, decking, garden furniture, fencing, and construction. Products extracted from larch include arabinogalactan, rosin, turpentine, and an essential oil.

Larix gmelinii
Larix gmelinii, the Dahurian larch or East Siberian larch, is a species of larch native to eastern Siberia and adjacent northeastern Mongolia, northeastern China (Heilongjiang), and the Korean peninsula.
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (/ˈfeɪbiəs/), surnamed Cunctator (c. 280 – 203 BC), was a Roman statesman and general of the third century BC.  He was consul five times (233, 228, 215, 214, and 209 BC) and was appointed dictator in 221 and 217 BC.  He was censor in 230 BC. His agnomen, Cunctator, usually translated as "the delayer", refers to the strategy that he employed against Hannibal's forces during the Second Punic War. Facing an outstanding commander with superior numbers, he pursued a then-novel strategy of targeting the enemy's supply lines, and accepting only smaller engagements on favourable ground, rather than risking his entire army on direct confrontation with Hannibal himself. As a result, he is regarded as the originator of many tactics used in guerrilla warfare.

Fabian strategy
The Fabian strategy is a military strategy where pitched battles and frontal assaults are avoided in favor of wearing down an opponent through a war of attrition and misdirection. While avoiding decisive battles, the side employing this strategy harasses its enemy through skirmishes to cause attrition, disrupt supply and affect morale. Employment of this strategy implies that the side adopting this strategy believes time is on its side, usually because the side employing the strategy is fighting in, or close to, their homeland and the enemy is far from home and by necessity has long and costly supply lines. It may also be adopted when no feasible alternative strategy can be devised.

By extension, the term is also applied to other situations in which a large, ambitious goal is seen as being out of reach by immediate action, but may be accomplished in small steps.
The First Annual Report
The First Annual Report is a bootleg album of music recorded by industrial music pioneers Throbbing Gristle in 1975. The recording originally went unreleased, and the band instead decided to release The Second Annual Report in 1977. This recording was first released unofficially in 1987 as Very Friendly through Spurt Records, before being issued prominently as The First Annual Report in 2001.

The Second Annual Report
The Second Annual Report is the debut album by English industrial music group Throbbing Gristle, released in November 1977 through Industrial Records. It contains live and studio recordings made from October 1976 to September 1977. The Second Annual Report is considered one of the first industrial albums.
Raiden-18
Raiden-18 (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga by Hiromu Arakawa. It was irregularly published in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Monthly Sunday Gene-X from 2005 to 2021, with its chapters collected in a single tankōbon volume.

Hiromu Arakawa
Hiromu Arakawa (荒川 弘, Arakawa Hiromu; born May 8, 1973) is a Japanese manga artist. She is best known for the manga series Fullmetal Alchemist (2001–2010), which became a hit both domestically and internationally, and was adapted into two anime television series. She is also known for Silver Spoon (2011–2019) and the manga adaptation of The Heroic Legend of Arslan novels.
11th Brigade (Australia)
The 11th Brigade is an Australian Army brigade which currently comprises most Australian Army Reserve units located in Queensland. The brigade was first formed in early 1912 following the introduction of the compulsory training scheme. Later, as part of the 3rd Division and saw action during World War I on the Western Front as part of the First Australian Imperial Force. In the interwar years, the brigade was re-raised with its headquarters in Brisbane.

During World War II, it undertook garrison and defensive duties in north Queensland before deploying to Dutch New Guinea in 1943. In 1944–1945, the brigade took part in the fighting against the Japanese on Bougainville. In the postwar era, the 11th Brigade was raised and disbanded several times, before being raised in Townsville in 1987, where its headquarters is currently located. It forms part of the 2nd Division, and consists of units based across Queensland and New South Wales.

Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the Australian Military Forces. In 1980, however, the current name—Australian Army Reserve—was officially adopted, and it now consists of a number of components based around the level of commitment and training obligation that its members are required to meet.
Chika Unigwe
Chika Nina Unigwe // ⓘ (born 12 June 1974) is a Nigerian-born Igbo novelist who writes in English and Dutch. She was the winner of the Nigeria Prize for Literature in 2012 for her novel On Black Sisters' Street. In April 2014, she was selected for the Hay Festival's Africa39 list of 39 Sub-Saharan African writers aged under 40. She is  on the Board of Trustees of pan-African literary initiative Writivism, and set up the Awele Creative Trust in Nigeria to support young writers. She has served as a Man Booker International judge and chair of the judges for the Caine Prize for African Writing. In 2023, she was made a Knight of the Order of the Crown (Belgium).

Previously based in Belgium, she now lives in the United States.

On Black Sisters Street
On Black Sisters’ Street is a novel by Nigerian author Chika Unigwe. It is her second novel. It was originally written in English, but was first published in a Dutch translation by Hans van Riemsdijk as Fata Morgana, in 2007. It was first published in English in 2009 (Jonathan Cape, London) as On Black Sisters' Street. The novel is about African prostitutes living and working in Belgium. On Black Sisters' Street won the 2012 Nigeria Prize for Literature, Africa's largest literary prize at $100,000.