hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Türkmenbaşy International Airport
Türkmenbaşy International Airport (Turkmen: Türkmenbaşy halkara howa menzili) (IATA: KRW, ICAO: UTAK), formerly Krasnovodsk Airport, is an international airport located in the city of Türkmenbaşy, on the coast of the Caspian Sea in the Balkan Region, Turkmenistan. It accepts both passenger and cargo flights. It opened in 1959 and is one of the seven international airports in Turkmenistan. The airport plays a major role in Turkmenistan's tourism industry, as Awaza is a popular resort destination.

Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan
Türkmenbaşy, previously known as Shagadam (Turkmen: Şagadam), Krasnovodsk (Russian: Красноводск) and Kyzyl-Su, is a major port city in Balkan Province in western Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of 27 metres (89 feet). The population (est 2004) was 86,800, consisting of mostly ethnic Turkmens, with the addition of Russian, Armenian and Azeri minorities. As the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railway and site of a major seaport on the Caspian, it is an important transportation center. The city is also the site of Turkmenistan's largest oil refining complex.

This city should not be confused with the similarly named town of Türkmenbaşy (Turkmen: Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi), formerly called Janga (Russian: Джанга, Cyrillic Turkmen: Җанга), also in Balkan Province, or the city of Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky in Daşoguz Province.
Italian F4 Championship
Italian Formula 4 Championship is the first formula racing series regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations. The inaugural season was the 2014 Italian F4 Championship, effectively replacing the Formula Abarth.

The Italian F4 championship is regarded as amongst the most competitive of the national/regional F4 championships. Lance Stroll, Lando Norris, Mick Schumacher, Jack Doohan, Zhou Guanyu, Ollie Bearman, and Andrea Kimi Antonelli have since driven in Formula One, and numerous Italian F4 drivers have had professional careers in other series.

Formula Abarth
Formula Abarth was an open wheel racing series based in Italy and Europe aimed at karting graduates. The inaugural season was in 2010, effectively replacing the Formula Azzurra.

Abarth has taken over the supporting Project Youth initiative, starting in 2005.

After the success of 2010 season, in which competed international drivers and teams, a new European series has been created with a prize offered in collaboration with Ferrari Driver Academy.

Following a restructure of the FIA single-seater ladder, Formula Abarth was renamed the Italian Formula 4 Championship, retaining the Abarth engines.
Kirkenes
Kirkenes (Norwegian: [ˈçɪ̂rkəneːs] ⓘ), known as Girkonjárga in Northern Sami (pronounced [ˈkir̥ː.ko.ˌɲaːrːka]) and Kirkkoniemi in Kven, is a town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town lies on a peninsula along the Bøkfjorden, an arm of the large Varangerfjorden, and is located just a few kilometres from the Norway–Russia border.

The 2.29-square-kilometre (570-acre) town has a population (2023) of 3,404 and a population density of 1,486 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,850/sq mi). When the neighbouring suburban villages of Hesseng, Skytterhusfjellet, Sandnes and Bjørnevatn are all included with Kirkenes, the urban area reaches a population of almost 8,000.

Although Kirkenes is the Norwegian town closest to the Russian border, the town of Vardø to its north is located further east in Norway.

Bøkfjorden
Bøkfjorden (Norwegian) or Báhčaveajvuonna  (Northern Sami) is a fjord in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 23-kilometre (14 mi) long fjord is a southern branch off of the main Varangerfjord. The river Pasvikelva empties into the Bøkfjorden at the village of Elvenes (which lies only about 1,500 metres (0.93 mi) from the Norway–Russia border. At this place the Bøkfjord Bridge is located, which crosses the river/fjord where they meet.

The town of Kirkenes lies on the shore of the fjord. The large island of Skogerøya lies on the western side of the fjord. The Bøkfjord Lighthouse is located in the mouth of the Bøkfjorden.
Gloucester, Massachusetts
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts,  United States. It sits on Cape Ann and is a part of Massachusetts's North Shore. The population was 29,729 at the 2020 U.S. census. An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam, Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia, Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester.

Cape Ann
Cape Ann is a rocky peninsula in northeastern Massachusetts on the Atlantic Ocean.  It is about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Boston and marks the northern limit of Massachusetts Bay. Cape Ann includes the city of Gloucester and the towns of Essex, Manchester-by-the-Sea and Rockport.
Matt Leyden
Matthew Leyden (1904 – December 23, 1975) was a Scotland-born Canadian former ice hockey executive and administrator, with the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA). He managed the Oshawa Generals from 1937 to 1953, and built the team which won seven consecutive OHA championships, and three Memorial Cups. He is the namesake of both the Matt Leyden Trophy, and the Leyden Trophy.

Oshawa Generals
The Oshawa Generals are a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. They are based in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. The team is named for General Motors, an early sponsor which has its Canadian headquarters in Oshawa. In November 2016, the General Motors Centre changed its name to Tribute Communities Centre. Its 184 graduates to the National Hockey League are second in the OHL. The Generals have won the Memorial Cup five times (1939, 1940, 1944, 1990, 2015), as well as a record 13 Ontario Hockey League championships, the J. Ross Robertson Cup (1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1966, 1983, 1987, 1990, 1997, 2015)

The Generals have two distinct eras in their history. The original Generals operated from 1937 to 1953. The team went on a hiatus from 1953 to 1962 due to a fire at the Hambly Arena. The team was resurrected in 1962. Famous alumni of the Generals include Hockey Hall of Famers Bobby Orr, Ted Lindsay, Alex Delvecchio, Dave Andreychuk, and Eric Lindros.
Plague crosses (Brugherio)
There are three plague crosses in Brugherio, in the province of Monza and Brianza in Lombardy, in northern Italy. They were erected after the plague that struck Monza and its surrounding area in 1576. The crosses are three that remain of four that marked where there were four altars used to celebrate religious services during the plague. The plague of 1576 was in fact called "the plague of Saint Charles", given the Bishop's closeness to those affected. Information about the plague can be found in the Bishop of Milan, Saint Charles Borromeo's notes.

Plague cross
The term plague cross can refer to either a mark placed on a building occupied by victims of plague; or a permanent structure erected, to enable plague sufferers to trade while minimising the risk of contagion. A wide variety of plague cross existed in Britain and elsewhere in Europe, until the plague largely disappeared by the eighteenth century. Additionally, the term "plague cross" can specifically refer to the "Plague Cross of Saint Zacharias of Jerusalem", a Western Christian sacramental invoking God's protection against diseases and plagues that often takes the form of a cross necklace or a wall cross.
Rectal dilator
A rectal or anal dilator is a medical device similar to a speculum designed to open and relax the internal/external anal sphincter and rectum in order to facilitate medical inspection or relieve constipation. One early version of a rectal dilator was Dr. Young's Ideal Rectal Dilators, invented in 1892.

Rectal dilators are also used as sex toys.

Proctoscopy
Proctoscopy, (from Ancient Greek πρωκτός (prōktós), meaning "anus", and σκοπέω (skopéō), meaning "to look") or rectoscopy, is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope (also known as a rectoscope, although the latter may be a bit longer) is used to examine the anal cavity, rectum, or sigmoid colon. A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and usually has a small light bulb mounted at the end. It is approximately 15 cm (5 inches) long, while a rectoscope is approximately 25 cm (10 inches) long. During proctoscopy, the proctoscope is lubricated and inserted into the rectum, and then the obturator is removed, allowing an unobstructed view of the interior of the rectal cavity. This procedure is normally done to inspect for hemorrhoids or rectal polyps and might be mildly uncomfortable as the proctoscope is inserted further into the rectum. Modern fibre-optic proctoscopes allow more extensive observation with less discomfort.
Barbara Adams (Egyptologist)
Barbara Georgina Adams, FRSA (19 February 1945 – 26 June 2002) was a British Egyptologist, archaeologist, and academic, who was a specialist in Prehistoric Egypt. She worked for many years at Hierakonpolis, where she was the co-director of the expedition. She worked at the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology in London, latterly as curator (1984–2001), and also worked on excavations across Britain.

Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
The Petrie Museum of Egyptian and Sudanese Archaeology in London is part of University College London Museums and Collections. The museum contains over 80,000 objects, making it one of the world's largest collections of Egyptian and Sudanese material. It is designated under the Arts Council England Designation Scheme as being of "national and international importance".
RAD51
DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 is a protein encoded by the gene RAD51.  The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family which assists in repair of DNA double strand breaks. RAD51 family members are homologous to the bacterial RecA, Archaeal RadA, and yeast Rad51.  The protein is highly conserved in most eukaryotes, from yeast to humans.

The name RAD51 derives from radiation sensitive protein 51.

RecA
RecA is a 38 kilodalton protein essential for the repair and maintenance of DNA in bacteria. Structural and functional homologs to RecA have been found in all kingdoms of life. RecA serves as an archetype for this class of homologous DNA repair proteins. The homologous protein is called RAD51 in eukaryotes and RadA in archaea.

RecA has multiple activities, all related to DNA repair. In the bacterial SOS response, it functions as a co-protease in the autocatalytic cleavage of the LexA repressor and the λ repressor.
Prince Edward Islands
The Prince Edward Islands are two small uninhabited subantarctic volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean that are administered by South Africa. They are named Marion Island (named after Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, 1724–1772) and Prince Edward Island (named after Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, 1767–1820).

The islands in the group have been declared Special Nature Reserves under the South African Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, No. 57 of 2003, and activities on the islands are therefore restricted to research and conservation management. Further protection was granted when the area was declared a marine protected area in 2013. The only human inhabitants of the islands are the staff of a meteorological and biological research station run by the South African National Antarctic Programme on Marion Island.

Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (Edward Augustus; 2 November 1767 – 23 January 1820), was the fourth son and fifth child of King George III and Queen Charlotte. His only child, Victoria, became Queen of the United Kingdom 17 years after his death.

Edward lived in Lower Canada and Nova Scotia from 1791 to 1800, where he served as commander-in-chief of British forces in the Maritime Provinces of North America. He was the first British prince to visit the United States following its recognition of its independence in 1783, travelling on foot to Boston from Lower Canada in 1794.

He was created Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Earl of Dublin in 1799, and shortly thereafter appointed a General. In 1802 he became Governor of Gibraltar, a post he nominally held until his death. He was promoted to Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805.
Heinrich Uukkivi
Heinrich Uukkivi (10 May 1912 – 12 April 1943) was an Estonian association football, bandy and ice hockey player. He won the Estonian Football Championship five times, the Estonian Bandy Championship three times and the Estonian Ice Hockey Championship twice.

Internationally, Uukkivi made 46 appearances for the Estonia national football team since his debut in 1931, and scored 7 goals. He won the 1931 and the 1938 Baltic Cup with the team. He also made three appearances for the Estonia national bandy team and three appearances for the Estonia men's national ice hockey team.

In 1940, after Soviet occupation, Uukkivi was forcibly drafted into the Soviet Army and subsequently captured by the invading German forces. Later, he was released by the Soviet Army and sentenced to a prison camp, where he died.

1938 Baltic Cup
The 1938 Baltic Cup was held in Tallinn, Estonia at Kadrioru staadion on 3–5 September 1938. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and the last one before the Soviet occupation of the three Baltic countries. Estonia won the tournament with a win over Lithuania and a draw against Latvia.
Vitali covering lemma
In mathematics, the Vitali covering lemma is a combinatorial and geometric result commonly used in measure theory of Euclidean spaces. This lemma is an intermediate step, of independent interest, in the proof of the Vitali covering theorem. The covering theorem is credited to the Italian mathematician Giuseppe Vitali. The theorem states that it is possible to cover, up to a Lebesgue-negligible set, a given subset E of Rd by a disjoint family extracted from a Vitali covering of E.

Giuseppe Vitali
Giuseppe Vitali (26 August 1875 – 29 February 1932) was an Italian mathematician who worked in several branches of mathematical analysis. He gives his name to several entities in mathematics, most notably the Vitali set with which he was the first to give an example of a non-measurable subset of real numbers.
6th Michigan Infantry Regiment
The 6th Michigan Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit fought at Baton Rouge and Port Hudson before being converted into the 6th Michigan Heavy Artillery in July 1863.

Siege of Port Hudson
The siege of Port Hudson (May 22 – July 9, 1863) was the final engagement in the Union campaign to recapture the Mississippi River in the American Civil War. While Union General Ulysses Grant was besieging Vicksburg upriver, General Nathaniel Banks was ordered to capture the lower Mississippi Confederate stronghold of Port Hudson, Louisiana, then to go to Grant's aid. When his assault failed, Banks settled into a 48-day siege, the longest in US military history up to that point. A second attack also failed, and it was only after the fall of Vicksburg that the Confederate commander, General Franklin Gardner, surrendered the port. The Union gained control of the river and navigation from the Gulf of Mexico through the Deep South and to the river's upper reaches.
Taipei Physical Education College
The Taipei Physical Education College (Chinese: 台北市立體育學院; pinyin: Táiběi Shìlì Tǐyù Xuéyuàn) was a college in Taipei, Taiwan. Since its merger with Taipei Municipal University of Education, it became the Tianmu Campus of the University of Taipei (Chinese: 臺北市立大學天母校區; pinyin: Táiběi Shìlì Dàxué Tiānmǔ Xiàoqū) in Shilin, Taipei.

University of Taipei
University of Taipei (UT; Chinese: 臺北市立大學; lit. 'Taipei Municipal University') is an institution of higher education in Taipei, Taiwan. Located in Taipei metropolitan area, the university has two campuses, the Tianmu Campus in Shilin District and the Bo'ai Campus in Zhongzheng District. It is the only university under the administration of Taipei City Government.

Established by the merger of Taipei Municipal University of Education and the Taipei Physical Education College in August 2013, University of Taipei can trace its roots to the late 19th century.
2021–22 UEFA Europa League qualifying
The 2021–22 UEFA Europa League qualifying phase and play-off round began on 3 August and ended on 26 August 2021.

A total of 28 teams competed in the qualifying system of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League, which includes the qualifying phase, with 10 teams in Champions Path and six teams in Main Path, and the play-off round. The 10 winners in the play-off round advanced to the group stage, to join the 12 teams that enter in the group stage, the six losers of the Champions League play-off round (four from Champions Path and two from League Path), and the four League Path losers of the Champions League third qualifying round.

Times were CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, were in parentheses).

2021–22 UEFA Europa League group stage
The 2021–22 UEFA Europa League group stage began on 15 September 2021 and ended on 9 December 2021. A total of 32 teams competed in the group stage to decide 16 of the 24 places in the knockout phase of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League.

Brøndby and West Ham United made their debut appearances in the Europa League group stage (although Brøndby had previously appeared in the UEFA Cup group stage).
2007 PGA Championship
The 2007 PGA Championship was the 89th PGA Championship, played August 9–12 at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Defending champion Tiger Woods won his fourth PGA Championship and 13th major title, two strokes ahead of runner-up Woody Austin.

1970 PGA Championship
The 1970 PGA Championship was the 52nd PGA Championship, played August 13–16 at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Dave Stockton won the first of his two PGA Championships at 279 (−1), two strokes ahead of runners-up Bob Murphy and Arnold Palmer.

It was Palmer's third runner-up finish at the only major he never won, and was his last time in contention in the final round of a PGA Championship. Stockton won his second PGA Championship six years later in 1976.

The third round was played in 101 °F (38 °C) heat, and Stockton led by three strokes after 54 holes at 206 (−4). Defending champion Raymond Floyd carded a 65 (−5) on Saturday and was in second place at 209 (−1) entering the final round, and Palmer was alone in third place at 211 (+1).

It was the second major championship at Southern Hills, which hosted the U.S. Open in 1958. It later hosted the U.S. Open in 1977 and 2001 and the PGA Championship in 1982, 1994, 2007, and 2022.
Ricardo Escotto
Ricardo Escotto Lechuga (born 14 December 2004) is a Mexican racing driver who last competed full-time in the 2025 Indy NXT for Andretti Cape Indy NXT. He previously drove part-time in the 2024 Indy NXT for Juncos Hollinger Racing and in the 2024 USF Pro 2000 Championship for BN Racing.

2024 Indy NXT
The 2024 Firestone Indy NXT Series was the 37th season of the Indy NXT open wheel auto racing series and the 22nd sanctioned by IndyCar, acting as the primary support series for the IndyCar Series. This was the second year of the championship running under the Indy NXT moniker following its acquisition by Penske Entertainment, the owner of the IndyCar Series, in 2022.

Louis Foster, driving for Andretti Global, won the championship at the penultimate race while taking his seventh race win of the season. His team also won the Teams' Championship, while HMD Motorsports driver Caio Collet won Rookie of the Year honors at the same race.
Vijay Salaskar
Vijay Salaskar, AC (5 April 1957 – 26 November 2008) was an Indian police inspector and encounter specialist with the Mumbai police. He was widely credited with killing 75–80 criminals in encounters, most of which were members of the Arun Gawli gang. Salaskar was killed in action during the 2008 Mumbai attacks, with captured terrorist Ajmal Amir Kasab claiming responsibility for the killing. Before his death, Salaskar was head of the Anti-Extortion Cell, Mumbai. His patriotism and bravery was honoured with the Ashoka Chakra on 26 January 2009.

Greater Mumbai Police
The Greater Mumbai Police (Marathi: बृहन्मुंबई पोलीस, IAST: Brihanmumbaī Pulīs, formerly Bombay City Police) is the police department of the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a city police commissionerate under the Maharashtra Police and has the primary responsibilities of law enforcement in the city of Mumbai. The force's motto is Sadrakṣaṇāya Khalanigrahaṇāya (Sanskrit: सद्रक्षणाय खलनिग्रहणाय, English: "To protect Good and to destroy Evil").

It is headed by a Commissioner of Police (CP), an officer of the Indian Police Service. The force is divided into 12 police districts, called zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), further subdivided into 94 police stations.
Gimbap
Gimbap (Korean: 김밥; lit. seaweed rice; IPA: [kim.p͈ap̚] ⓘ), also romanized as kimbap, is a Korean dish made from bap (cooked rice), vegetables, and optionally, cooked seafood or meat rolled in gim—dried sheets of seaweed—and served in bite-sized slices. Reference works describe gimbap as developing from Japanese norimaki, introduced to Korea during the period of Japanese colonial rule, while also noting that Korea had earlier traditions of wrapping rice and side dishes in seaweed, such as bokssam, from the Joseon era, which are sometimes cited as precursors rather than direct equivalents. However, the style of rolling seaweed into a ball on bamboo mat and cutting it to eat is generally agreed to have originated in Japan.

The dish is often part of a packed meal, or dosirak, to be eaten at picnics and outdoor events, and it can serve as a light lunch along with danmuji (yellow pickled radish) and kimchi. It is a popular takeout food in South Korea and in other countries.

Dosirak
Dosirak (Korean: 도시락) refers to a packed meal, often for lunch. It usually consists of bap (밥; lit. cooked rice) and several banchan (side dishes). The lunch boxes, also called dosirak or dosirak-tong (dosirak case), are typically plastic or thermo-steel containers with or without compartments or tiers. Dosirak is often home-made, but is also sold in train stations, convenience stores, and some restaurants.

Dosirak is derived from the Early Modern Korean word 도슭. Records dating to the 18th century attest to this as well as other variations such as 밥고리, and 밥동고리. The practice of packing food as done with dosirak is not a unique practice to Korean cuisine, and the modern dosirak can be seen as the Korean form of lunch boxes.