hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States Army Military District of Washington
The United States Army Military District of Washington (MDW) is one of nineteen major commands of the United States Army. It is headquartered in Fort Lesley J. McNair in Washington, D.C. The missions of the units in the Military District of Washington include ceremonial tasks as well as a combat role in the defense of the National Capital Region.

The Military District of Washington also represents the U.S. Army in the Joint Task Force – National Capital Region (JTF-NCR), as well as oversight of all ceremonial operations in Arlington National Cemetery.

The current Commanding General of the Military District of Washington is Major General Antoinette Gant. The Commanding General, Chief of Staff, and Command Sergeant Major of the Military District of Washington hold the same positions at the JTF-NCR, which supervises military planning for the defense of the National Capital Region.

Fort Lesley J. McNair
Fort Lesley J. McNair, also historically known as the Washington Arsenal, is a United States Army post located on the tip of Buzzard Point, the peninsula that lies at the confluence of the Potomac River and the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. To the peninsula's west is the Washington Channel, while the Anacostia River is on its south side. The fort has been an army post for more than 200 years, third in length of service, after the United States Military Academy at West Point and the Carlisle Barracks. The fort is named for General Lesley James McNair, who was killed in action by friendly fire in Normandy, France during World War II.
Judges 18
Judges 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Book of Judges in the Old Testament or the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic History, which spans in the books of Deuteronomy to 2 Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformer Judean king Josiah in 7th century BCE. This chapter records the activities of the tribe of Dan, and belongs to a section comprising Judges 17 to 21.

Judges 17
Judges 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Book of Judges in the Old Testament or the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic History, which spans in the books of Deuteronomy to 2 Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformer Judean king Josiah in 7th century BCE. This chapter records the activities of Micah of Ephraim. belonging to a section comprising Judges 17 to 21.
HM Prison Pentonville
HM Prison Pentonville (informally "The Ville") is an English Category B men's prison, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Pentonville Prison is not in Pentonville, but is located further north, on the Caledonian Road in the Barnsbury area of the London Borough of Islington, north London.

HM Prison Wandsworth
HM Prison Wandsworth is a Category B men's prison at Wandsworth in the London Borough of Wandsworth, South West London, England. It is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service and is one of the largest prisons in the UK.
Star Jalsha
Star Jalsha is an Indian Bengali language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily broadcasts family dramas, comedies, reality shows and films. It launched its own HD feed on 14 April 2016.

Disney Star
Disney Star, now JioStar India Private Limited (and formerly Star India), is an Indian media conglomerate joint venture between Disney India, Reliance Industries and the latter's subsidiary Viacom18. On 14 November 2024, Viacom18 merged its assets with Disney India's subsidiary Disney Star to form JioStar. The deal, valued at $8.5 billion, involved the investment of ₹11,000 crore (US$1.3 billion) by Reliance Industries, which left Reliance Industries with a total stake of 63.16%, 16.34% directly and 46.82 percent through Viacom18, with Disney India controlling the remaining 36.84%. It is the largest television and entertainment network in India, operating more than 100 TV channels and a major streaming platform called JioHotstar.
Kara-tachi sword with gilded silver fittings and inlay
The Kara-tachi sword with gilded silver fittings and inlay (金銀鈿荘唐大刀, kin gin den kazari no kara-tachi) is an 8th century Japanese sword in the chokutō (直刀, lit. 'straight sword') style.  It was one of Emperor Shōmu's favorite swords and was handed down in the Shōsōin Repository.

Because it is an imperial treasure, it is not open to the public, but is sometimes exhibited at the Shōsōin exhibition held in Nara Prefecture every fall.

Chokutō
The chokutō (直刀, 'straight sword') is a straight, single-edged Japanese sword that was mainly produced prior to the 9th century. Its basic style is likely derived from similar swords of ancient China. Chokutō were used on foot for stabbing or slashing and were worn hung from the waist. Until the Heian period such swords were called tachi (大刀), distinct from tachi written as 太刀, as the latter refers to curved swords.
Tongxiang
Tongxiang City (simplified Chinese: 桐乡; traditional Chinese: 桐鄉; pinyin: Tóngxiāngⓘ; Wu: Ton-shion) is a county-level city, part of Jiaxing, in northern Zhejiang Province, China, bordering Jiangsu province to the north. It had a population of 1,029,754 as of the 2020 census even though its built-up (or metro) area is smaller. Nevertheless, as the city is expanding east quickly, its now nearly conurbated with Jiaxing built-up (or metro) area by Xiuzhou District.

Tongxiang was the birthplace of 20th-century novelist and cultural critic Mao Dun. The scenic town of Wuzhen is part of Tongxiang.

Wuzhen
Wuzhen (Chinese: 乌镇; pinyin: Wūzhèn, Wu: Whu-tsen lit. "Wu Town") is a historic scenic town, part of Tongxiang, located in the north of Zhejiang Province, China. It was primarily built in the 7th century during the Tang dynasty.

It lies within the triangle formed by Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai.  Covering an area of 71.19 km2 (27.49 sq mi),  Wuzhen has a total population of 60,000, of which 12,000 are permanent residents.

Wuzhen has been the permanent host place of the annual World Internet Conference, an international Internet conference held in China, since 2014.
Har Har Byomkesh
Har Har Byomkesh is a 2015 Indian Bengali mystery thriller film directed by Arindam Sil. The film is based on the fictional detective Byomkesh Bakshi, created by the Bengali writer Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. The film stars Abir Chatterjee as the eponymous sleuth, while Ritwick Chakraborty enacts the role of his assistant Ajit Bandopadhyay and Sohini Sarkar helm in the shoes of Satyabati.  The teaser of the film was released on 11 October 2015. The trailer was launched on 15 October 2015. The film was released on 18 December 2015.

Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay
Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay (30 March 1899 – 22 September 1970) was an Indian Bengali-language writer. He was actively involved with Bengali cinema as well as Bollywood. The creator of the Bengali detective Byomkesh Bakshi, Sharadindu composed stories of a wide array of varieties including: novels, short stories, crime and detective stories, plays and screenplays. He wrote historical fiction like Kaler Mandira, Gourmollar (initially named as Mouri Nodir Teere), Tumi Sandhyar Megh, Tungabhadrar Teere, Chuya-Chandan, Maru O Sangha (later made into a Hindi film named Trishagni), Sadashib series and stories of the unnatural with the recurring character Baroda. Besides, he composed many songs and poems.
2005 New Year Honours
New Year Honours were granted in the United Kingdom and New Zealand at the start of 2005. Among these in the UK were knighthoods awarded to Mike Tomlinson, the educationalist; Derek Wanless, who led a review of the National Health Service; and Brian Harrison, editor of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. The former athlete Kelly Holmes was made a Dame. The television presenter Alan Whicker was awarded a CBE.

Brian Harrison (historian)
Sir Brian Howard Harrison (born 9 July 1937) is a British historian and academic. From 1996 to 2004, he was Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford. From 2000 to 2004, he was also the editor of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Ekiti people
The Ekiti people are one of the largest historical subgroups of the larger Yoruba people of West Africa, located in Nigeria. They are classified as a Central Yoruba group, alongside the Ijesha, Igbomina, Yagba and Ifes. Ekiti State is populated exclusively by Ekiti people; however, it is but a segment of the historic territorial domain of Ekiti-speaking groups, which historically included towns in Ondo State such as Akure (the current capital and largest city of Ondo State), Ilara-Mokin, Ijare, and Igbara-oke. Ogbagi, Irun, Ese, Oyin, Igasi, Afin and Eriti in the Akoko region, as well as some towns in Kwara State, are also culturally Ekiti, although belong in other states today.

The name Ekiti is a derivation of an earlier term, Okiti, which means "Hilly" in Yoruba, as characterized by the generally hilly terrain of the areas which the Ekiti inhabit.

Igbomina
The Ìgbómìnà (Listenⓘ; also colloquially Igboona or Ogboona) are a subgroup of the Yoruba ethnic group, which originates from the north central and southwest Nigeria.
They speak a dialect called Ìgbómìnà or Igbonna, classified among the Central Yoruba of the three major Yoruba dialectical areas. The Ìgbómìnà spread across what is now southern Kwara State and northern Osun State. Peripheral areas of the dialectical region have some similarities to the adjoining Ekiti, Ijesha, Yagba, and Oyo dialects.
Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".

Bayes' theorem
Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/), gives a mathematical rule for inverting conditional probabilities, allowing the probability of a cause to be found given its effect. For example, with Bayes' theorem, the probability that a patient has a disease given that they tested positive for that disease can be found using the probability that the test yields a positive result when the disease is present. The theorem was developed in the 18th century by Bayes and independently by Pierre-Simon Laplace.

One of Bayes' theorem's many applications is Bayesian inference, an approach to statistical inference, where it is used to invert the probability of observations given a model configuration (i.e., the likelihood function) to obtain the probability of the model configuration given the observations (i.e., the posterior probability).
Croydon, New South Wales
Croydon is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the Sydney central business district. Croydon is split between the two local government areas of Municipality of Burwood and the Inner West Council.

The suburb is nestled between the commercial centres of Ashfield and Burwood. It is bounded by Parramatta Road to the north, Iron Cove Creek to the east, Arthur Street to the south and a number of different streets to the west. To the north are Kings and Canada Bays on the closest reach of the Parramatta River, to the northwest is Concord Hospital and the Olympic Games complex at Homebush Bay. To the south is Canterbury Racecourse. The suburb shares its name with Croydon, a large district and borough in the south of London, England.

The traditional owners of the land on which Croydon is situated are the Wangal people of the Eora nation.

Inner West
The Inner West of Sydney is an area directly west of the Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia.  The suburbs that make up the Inner West are predominantly located along the southern shore of Port Jackson (Parramatta River), stretching south to the shores of the Cooks River. The western boundary of the Inner West is approximately the A3 arterial road (Homebush Bay Drive / Centenary Drive), which divides the Inner West from the Greater Western Sydney region. The Inner West is much larger than the Inner West Council local government area. The Inner West roughly corresponds with the Parish of Petersham and Parish of Concord, two cadastral divisions used for land titles.
Ģirts Dzelde
Ģirts Dzelde (born 16 July 1963) is a former professional tennis player from Latvia, currently the coach of Latvian Davis Cup team. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 273 in 1991 and a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 108 in 1993. Dzelde did not win any ATP level titles in singles or doubles, but finished runner-up in three ATP doubles events.

Dzelde participated in 17 Davis Cup ties for Latvia from 1993 to 2000, posting a 16–11 record in singles and a 10–6 record in doubles.

Latvia Davis Cup team
The Latvia men's national tennis team represents Latvia in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Latvian Tennis Union. Team is coached by Ģirts Dzelde.

Latvia after winning tie against Slovenia returned to the Europe/Africa Zone of Group I. They previously played in the Group I 2008.
Henry Sweet
Henry Sweet (15 September 1845 – 30 April 1912) was an English philologist, phonetician and grammarian.

As a philologist, he specialized in the Germanic languages, particularly Old English and Old Norse. In addition, Sweet published works on larger issues of phonetics and grammar in language and the teaching of languages. Many of his ideas have remained influential, and a number of his works continue to be in print, being used as course texts at colleges and universities.

Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
M62 locomotive
The M62 is a Soviet-built diesel locomotive for heavy freight trains, exported to many Eastern Bloc countries as well as to Cuba, North Korea and Mongolia. Besides the single locomotive M62 also twin versions 2M62 and three-section versions 3M62 have been built. A total number of 7,164 single sections have been produced, which have been used to build 5,231 single-, twin- and three-section locomotives.

Korean State Railway
The Korean State Railway is the operating arm of the Ministry of Railways of North Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성; MR: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk Ch'ŏltosŏng), commonly called the State Rail (Korean: 국철; MR: Kukch'ŏl). Its headquarters are in P'yŏngyang. The current Minister of Railways is Chang Jun-song.
Neighborhoods of Jacksonville
There are more than 500 neighborhoods within the area of Jacksonville, Florida, the largest city in the contiguous United States by area. These include Downtown Jacksonville and surrounding neighborhoods. Additionally, greater Jacksonville is traditionally divided into several major sections with amorphous boundaries: Northside, Westside, Southside, and Arlington, as well as the Jacksonville Beaches.

There are four municipalities within Duval County that are outside of Jacksonville's city limits: Baldwin, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach. The latter three communities, all located on a coastal barrier island, form part of the area known as the Jacksonville Beaches, together with Mayport within the Jacksonville city limits and Ponte Vedra Beach in St. Johns County.

Mayport (Jacksonville)
Mayport is a small community located between Naval Station Mayport and the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It is part of the Jacksonville Beaches communities on San Pablo Island. The only public road to Mayport is State Road A1A, which crosses the St. Johns River Ferry to Fort George Island. On June 3, 1909, through action of the state legislature, Mayport was incorporated as a city.
Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis
Princess Marie Auguste Anna of Thurn and Taxis (11 August 1706 – 1 February 1756) was a Regent of Württemberg. By birth she was a member of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis  and through her marriage to Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, she became Duchess consort of Württemberg. She served as regent during the minority of her son between 1737 and 1744.

Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, (full German name: Karl Anselm Fürst von Thurn und Taxis, 2 June 1733 – 13 November 1805) was the fourth Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Postmaster General of the Imperial Reichspost, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 17 March 1773 until his death on 13 November 1805. Karl Anselm served as Prinzipalkommissar at the Perpetual Imperial Diet in Regensburg for Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor from 1773 to 1797.
Sauk people
The Sauk or Sac (Sauk: Thâkîwaki) are Native Americans and Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands. Their historical territory was near Green Bay, Wisconsin. Today they have three tribes based in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. Their federally recognized tribes are:

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska

Sac and Fox Nation, Oklahoma

Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa.

They are closely allied with the Meskwaki people. Their Sauk language is part of the Algonquian language family.

Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa
The Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa is one of three federally recognized Native American tribes of Sac and Meskwaki (Fox) peoples in the United States. The Fox call themselves Meskwaki and because they are the dominant people in this tribe, it is also simply called the Meskwaki Nation (Meskwaki: Meshkwahkîhaki, meaning: "People of the red earth"). The Sauk people call themselves Êshkwîha (literally: "Fox people") or Yochikwîka, both with the meaning "Northern Sauk". They are Algonquian peoples, historically developed in the Eastern Woodland culture. The settlement, called Meskwakiinaki, is located in Tama County, Iowa.
Lake Chaffee
Lake Chaffee is a small, shallow, man-made lake located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of the hamlet of Westford in the town of Ashford in Windham County, northeastern Connecticut.  The lake has an area of 54 acres (22 ha) and a maximum depth of 11 feet (3.4 m). Its average surface elevation is 856 feet (261 m) above sea level.

Ashford, Connecticut
Ashford is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 4,191 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1714. Eastford was a part of Ashford until 1847, when the former split off to organize its own town. For this reason, North Ashford is located in northeast Eastford.

Ashford is home to the largest Boy Scout camp in Connecticut, the June Norcross Webster Scout Reservation; to Paul Newman's Hole in the Wall Gang Camp for children with cancer and other serious illnesses; to the Salvation Army CONNRI Lodge and Conference Center; and to the Evangelical Christian Center, a retreat, camp and conference center.
Battle of Sarakhs (1459)
Battle of Sarakhs took place in March 1459, at a location between Merv and Sarakhs.

It was fought between the Timurids of Samarkand under Abu Sa'id Mirza and the confederacy of his rivals to Central Asian throne, the Timurids of Khurasan and Marv, namely; Ala al-Dawla Mirza, his son Ibrahim Mirza and Sultan Sanjar Mirza.

Abu Sa'id Mirza
Abu Sa'id Mirza (Chagatay/Persian: ابو سعید میرزا; 1424 – 8 February 1469) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire during the mid-fifteenth century.

Born a minor prince of the Timurid dynasty, Abu Sa'id quickly established himself as the most prominent among his warring relations. Over the course of two decades, he reunified much of the Timurid Empire, which had become fractured in the aftermath of the death of his great-uncle Shah Rukh. However, Abu Sa'id's hopes of restoring the empire to its former extent at the time of Timur ultimately failed after he was killed during an invasion of what is now western Iran.

He was the paternal grandfather of Babur, who later founded the Mughal Empire of India.
Joseph Joffre
Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre LH OM GCB (French: [ʒozɛf ʒɔfʁ]; 12 January 1852 – 3 January 1931) was a French general who served as Commander-in-Chief of French forces on the Western Front from the start of World War I until the end of 1916. He is best known for regrouping the retreating allied armies to defeat the Germans at the strategically decisive First Battle of the Marne in September 1914.

His political position waned after unsuccessful offensives in 1915, the German attack on Verdun in 1916, and the disappointing results of the Anglo-French offensive on the Somme in 1916. At the end of 1916 he was promoted to Marshal of France, the first such elevation under the Third Republic, and moved to an advisory role, from which he quickly resigned. Later in the war he led an important mission to the United States.

Hubert Lyautey
Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (17 November 1854 – 27 July 1934) was a French Army general and colonial administrator.

After serving in Indochina and Madagascar, he became the first French Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925. In early 1917, he served briefly as Minister of War. From 1921, he was a Marshal of France. He was dubbed the French empire builder and in 1931 made the cover of Time. Lyautey was also the first one to use the term "hearts and minds" as part of his strategy to counter the Black Flags rebellion during the Tonkin campaign in 1885.
Luxembourg men's national basketball team
The Luxembourg men's national basketball team (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch Basketballnationalequipe, French: Équipe du Luxembourg de basketball, German: Luxemburgische Basketballnationalmannschaft) represents Luxembourg in international basketball tournaments. They are controlled by the Luxembourg Basketball Federation.

Luxembourg has competed at the EuroBasket three times, in 1946, 1951, and 1955. Their best result was an eighth place finish at their first appearance at the competition in 1946. However, the national team has yet to qualify to compete at the FIBA World Cup.

EuroBasket 1946
The 1946 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1946, was the fourth FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA and the first since 1939 due to World War II. Ten national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) took part in the competition. Switzerland hosted the tournament for a second time, as the championship returned to Geneva.

EuroBasket 1946 saw the beginning of the use of the jump shot, pioneered by Italy's Giuseppe Stefanini.