hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Methylmercury
Methylmercury is an organometallic cation with the formula [CH3Hg]+. It is the simplest organomercury compound. Methylmercury is extremely toxic, and its derivatives are the major source of organic mercury for humans. It is a bioaccumulative environmental toxicant with a 50-day elimination half-life in human blood. Methylmercury salts along with dimethylmercury are the causative agents of the infamous Minamata disease.

Methylmercury is designated as a "priority hazardous substance" according to the Directive on Environmental Quality Standards (Directive 2013/39/EU).

The process which creates methylmercury is called mercury methylation.

Dimethylmercury
Dimethylmercury is an extremely toxic organomercury compound with the formula  (CH3)2Hg. A volatile, flammable, dense and colorless liquid, dimethylmercury is one of the strongest known neurotoxins. Less than 0.1 mL is capable of inducing severe mercury poisoning resulting in death.
Wang and Landau algorithm
The Wang and Landau algorithm, proposed by  Fugao Wang and David P. Landau, is a Monte Carlo method designed to estimate the density of states of a system. The method performs a non-Markovian random walk to build the density of states by quickly visiting all the available energy spectrum. The Wang and Landau algorithm is an important method to obtain the density of states required to perform a multicanonical simulation.

The Wang–Landau algorithm can be applied to any system which is characterized by a cost (or energy) function. For instance,
it has been applied to the solution of numerical integrals and the folding of proteins.
The Wang–Landau sampling is related to the metadynamics algorithm.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn
The Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn AG (lit. 'Sihl Valley Zurich Uetliberg Railway') – commonly abbreviated to SZU – is a public transport company and network in the Swiss canton of Zurich. The network comprises the Uetliberg and Sihltal railway lines, operated by S-Bahn services S4 and S10, a cable car and several bus services of Zimmerbergbus.

The SZU is jointly owned by the city of Zurich (32.6%), the municipalities of Adliswil, Langnau am Albis, Horgen, Thalwil and Uitikon (6.8%), the Canton of Zürich (23.8%), the federal government (27.8%), and other parties (9%). It is constituted as an Aktiengesellschaft (AG) or public company.

Uetliberg railway line
The Uetliberg railway line (German: Uetlibergbahn) is a passenger railway line which runs from Zürich Hauptbahnhof (Zürich HB SZU underground platforms), the central station in the Swiss city of Zurich, through the city's western outskirts to near the summit of the Uetliberg, Zurich's Hausberg and local recreational area. The route serves as line S10 of Zurich S-Bahn, with the ZVV's standards zonal fares applying.

The line was opened in 1875 and electrified in 1923. In 1990 it was extended to its current terminus at Zürich HB SZU, beneath Zürich Hauptbahnhof. Today it is owned by the Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn, a company that also owns the Sihltal line, and operates other transport services.

The line has a maximum gradient of 7.9% and is the steepest standard gauge adhesion railway in Europe. It carries both leisure and local commuter traffic.
Red Arrow (London Buses)
Red Arrow was a brand name given to several former London bus limited stop routes used as high frequency commuter services in central London. The last Red Arrow services to operate were routes 507 and 521, with the brand being retired altogether in September 2009, only being briefly revived in May 2016 to commemorate its 50th anniversary. On 29 April 2023, routes 507 and 521 were both withdrawn.

Buses in London
Buses have been used as a mode of public transport in London since 1829, when George Shillibeer started operating a horse-drawn omnibus service from Paddington to the City of London. In the decades since their introduction, the red London bus has become a symbol of the city. In 2019, buses accounted for 11 percent of trips taken in the city.

As of 2025, London has 675 bus routes served by over 8,700 buses, almost all of which are operated by private companies under contract to (and regulated by) London Buses, part of the publicly owned Transport for London. Over 2,000 buses in the fleet are battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses, the second largest zero emission bus fleet in Europe (behind Moscow). In December 2005, London became one of the first major cities in the world to have an accessible, low floor bus fleet.
Quadrasteer
Quadrasteer is the name of a four wheel steering system developed by Delphi Automotive while under the ownership of General Motors for use in automobiles. It was available as an option on GM's full-size pickup trucks and 2500 Suburbans for model years 2002 through 2005.

The system enables the vehicle to turn tighter. It was initially a $7,000 option. The cost was lowered to $5,600, $2,000 and eventually $1,000 in order to boost sales. The steering system was popular for applications frequently towing boats, fifth wheels, or other large equipment.

Steering
Steering is the control of the direction of motion or the components that enable its control. Steering is achieved through various arrangements, among them ailerons for airplanes, rudders for boats, cylic tilting of rotors for helicopters, and many more.
FC Anyang
FC Anyang (Korean: FC 안양) is a South Korean professional football club based in Anyang that competes in the K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football.

The club play their home games at Anyang Sports Complex.

Anyang Sports Complex
Anyang Sports Complex (Korean: 안양종합운동장) is a group of sports facilities in Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea. The complex consists of Anyang Stadium, Anyang Gymnasium, a swimming pool, an ice rink, a tennis court, and an auxiliary stadium.
KM21
KM21 is a museum for contemporary visual art in The Hague in the Netherlands. The museum was established in 2002 as part of the Kunstmuseum Den Haag. In KM21 work by artists from The Hague, the Netherlands and international contemporaries is exhibited.

A wide diversity of disciplines is on show: installations, video installations, painting and sculpture, multimedia, performance, film, photography, drawing, digital art, design, etc. In addition to exhibitions, activities such as lectures, discussions, performances, film screenings and book presentations also take place. The museum is located beside the Kunstmuseum Den Haag and also houses the Fotomuseum Den Haag (The Hague Museum of Photography).

Kunstmuseum Den Haag
The Kunstmuseum Den Haag is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866 as the Museum voor Moderne Kunst. Later, until 1998, it was known as Haags Gemeentemuseum, and until the end of September 2019 as Gemeentemuseum Den Haag. It has a collection of around 165,000 works, over many different forms of art. In particular, the Kunstmuseum is renowned for its large Mondrian collection, the largest in the world. Mondrian's last work, Victory Boogie-Woogie, is on display at the museum.

The current museum building was constructed between 1931 and 1935, designed by the Dutch architect H.P. Berlage.

The KM21 (museum for contemporary art) and Fotomuseum Den Haag (The Hague museum for photography) are part of the Kunstmuseum, though not housed in the same building and with a separate entrance fee.

The new director Margriet Schavemaker started on 1 June 2024. She replaces Benno Tempel, who left as of 1 November 2023.
Chengshi school
Chengshi School (Chinese: 成實宗), called Jōjitsu-shū in Japanese, was one of the Thirteen Schools of Chinese Buddhism and one of the Six Nara Schools (南都六宗) of Nara-period Japan—alongside the Kegon-shu, Hosso-shu, Ritsu-shū, Sanron-shū, and Kusha-shū. Centered on the study of the Tattvasiddhi Śāstra (Chinese: 成實論), it was known as the “Hīnayāna school of emptiness” and was closely related to the “Mahāyāna school of emptiness,” the Sanlun school. Traditionally classified as Hīnayāna under the influence of the Sanlun school, it in fact represents a synthesis between Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna thought.

Tattvasiddhi Śāstra
The Tattvasiddhi-Śāstra ("The Treatise that Accomplishes Reality"; Chinese: 成實論, Chengshilun; Japanese pronunciation: Jōjitsu-ron, also reconstructed as Satyasiddhi-Śāstra), is an Indian Abhidharma Buddhist text by a figure known as Harivarman (250–350).

It was translated into Chinese in 411 by Kumārajīva and this translation (Taishō number: T1646) is the only extant version, which became popular in China. This text was translated into English by N. Aiyaswami Sastri in 1978.
John W. Walter
John Whitney Walter (April 17, 1934 – January 5, 2018) was an American historian, engineer, businessman, author, and politician – as well as a first cousin to United States president Donald Trump. He worked for the Trump Organization and was the executive vice president of Trump Management, served as the historian of the Trump family, and was the 14th Mayor of Flower Hill, New York.

Trump family
The Trump family is a prominent wealthy American family. The most well-known member is Donald Trump, the 45th and current 47th president of the United States (2017–2021, 2025–present), which makes them the First family of the United States. The family is of German descent. They are active in business, entertainment, politics, and real estate. Other prominent members include Donald Trump's father Fred Trump, and his grandfather Frederick Trump.
Ramos v. Louisiana
Ramos v. Louisiana, 590 U.S. 83 (2020), is a U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires that guilty verdicts be unanimous in criminal trials. The decision also incorporated the Sixth Amendment requirement for unanimous jury criminal convictions against the states, and thereby overturned the Court's previous decision from the 1972 cases Apodaca v. Oregon and Johnson v. Louisiana. At the time of the decision, only Oregon and Louisiana allowed non-unanimous jury convictions, while all other states had incorporated the unanimous requirement.

Johnson v. Louisiana
Johnson v. Louisiana, 406 U. S. 356 (1972), was a court case in the U.S. Supreme Court involving the Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Louisiana law that allowed less-than unanimous jury verdicts (9 to 12 jurors) to convict persons charged with a felony, does not violate the Due Process clause. This case was argued on a similar basis as Apodaca v. Oregon.
United States Porpoise-class submarine
The Porpoise class were submarines built for the United States Navy in the late 1930s, and incorporated a number of modern features that would make them the basis for the subsequent Salmon, Sargo, Tambor, Gato, Balao, and Tench classes. In some references, the Porpoises are called the "P" class.

Salmon-class submarine
The United States Navy Salmon-class submarines were an important developmental step in the design of the "fleet submarine" concept during the 1930s. An incremental improvement over the previous Porpoise class, they were the first US submarine class to achieve 21 knots with a reliable propulsion plant, allowing them to operate with the Standard-type battleships of the surface fleet. Also, their 11,000 nautical miles (20,000 km) unrefueled range would allow them to operate in Japanese home waters. These rugged and dependable boats provided yeoman service during World War II, along with their immediate successors, the similar Sargo class. In some references, the Salmons and Sargos are called the "New S Class", 1st and 2nd Groups.
Nepenthes pilosa
Nepenthes pilosa /nɪˈpɛnθiːz paɪˈloʊzə/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo.  It is characterised by a dense indumentum of long yellow-brown hairs.  Pitchers have a distinctive hook-shaped appendage on the underside of the lid. The specific epithet derives from the Latin word pilosus, meaning "hairy".

Nepenthes pilosa was for a long time conflated with N. chaniana and, with the exception of the type material, all specimens identified as N. pilosa prior to the description of N. chaniana in 2006 actually represent the latter species.

In Pitcher-Plants of Borneo, Anthea Phillipps and Anthony Lamb list this species under the common name golden-furred pitcher-plant, although this was published before the recognition of N. chaniana as a distinct species.

Nepenthes chaniana
Nepenthes chaniana (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌtʃæniˈɑːnə/; after Datuk Chan Chew Lun, Managing Director of Natural History Publications) is a tropical pitcher plant species belonging to the genus Nepenthes.  It is characterised by a dense indumentum of long, white hairs. Pitchers are cylindrical and mostly white to yellow in colouration. Nepenthes chaniana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

Cultivated plants of this species were for a long time misidentified as N. pilosa. While N. pilosa is endemic to Kalimantan, N. chaniana is native to Sabah and Sarawak (Bukit Batu Lawi and other mountains). The pitchers of N. pilosa are rounder and broader in shape than those of N. chaniana.

The type specimen of N. chaniana was collected by Charles Clarke on Mount Alab, the highest peak in Crocker Range National Park.
Shirley Jones
Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American actress and singer. In her six decades in show business, she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of musical films, such as Oklahoma! (1955), Carousel (1956), and The Music Man (1962). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in Elmer Gantry (1960). She played the lead role of Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children, in the musical situation-comedy television series The Partridge Family (1970–1974), which co-starred her real-life stepson, David Cassidy, son of Jack Cassidy.

David Cassidy
David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 – November 21, 2017) was an American actor and musician. While he was best known in the United States for his role as Keith Partridge in the 1970s musical-sitcom The Partridge Family, he was an international success in his solo career as a singer. For a period, he was the highest paid entertainer in the world.

After completing high school, Cassidy pursued acting and music. His career took off after he signed with Universal Studios in 1969, and he received roles in several TV series. Cassidy's major breakthrough came in 1970 with his portrayal of Keith Partridge on The Partridge Family, which brought him stardom and made him a 1970s teen idol. Cassidy also pursued a solo music career that led to international acclaim; his hit singles included "Cherish" and "How Can I Be Sure". Cassidy also acted in film, on television, and in musical theater.
Church of St. Stephen (Stari Grad, Hvar)
The Church of St. Stephen (Crkva sv. Stjepana u Starom Gradu) is the parish church of Stari Grad on the island of Hvar in Croatia. It is dedicated to the martyred Pope Stephen I. It stands on the eastern side of a small square, Trg sv. Stjepana (St. Stephen's Square), in the historical centre of Stari Grad.

Stari Grad, Croatia
Stari Grad is a town on the northern side of the island of Hvar in Dalmatia, Croatia. One of the oldest towns in Europe, its position at the end of a long, protected bay and next to prime agricultural land has long made it attractive for human settlement. Stari Grad is also a municipality within the Split-Dalmatia County.

The most ancient part of Stari Grad falls within the UNESCO Protected World Heritage Site of the Stari Grad Plain, while the entire municipality lies within the surrounding buffer zone.
Abarth Cisitalia 204A
The Abarth Cisitalia 204A was the first product of the recently founded Abarth & C.. As part of a deal in which Abarth took over the liquidated Cisitalia assets, the erstwhile Cisitalia 204 was marketed under both the Abarth and Cisitalia brands. Abarth received two complete 204 Spiders and two or three unfinished chassis in various states of completion; in total six 204A were built. Abarth went on to develop several more cars derived from the Fiat 1100-based Cisitalia 204, following up with the Abarth 205A Berlinetta, Abarth 207A Spyder, Abarth 208A Spyder, and the Abarth 209A Coupé.

Abarth 207A Spyder
The Abarth 207A Boano Spyder is a competition car created by Abarth & C. with the aim of selling in the United States market. It succeeded the earlier Abarth 205A Berlinetta and continued to use the Fiat 1100's four-cylinder engine. It also continued to use the naming practice started with the Cisitalia 202 and 204, which continued with the Abarth 204A and 205A. Design work started in 1954 and the car was first presented at the 1955 Turin Motor Show. A street-oriented version of the Spyder called the 208A, fitted with a panoramic windshield, was shown in 1954, as well as a Coupé model with an airy glasshouse, called the 209A. Both of the street versions appear to have remained one-offs.
BBC Hereford & Worcester
BBC Hereford & Worcester is the BBC's local radio station serving the counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire, which were one county from 1974 to 1998.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and online via BBC Sounds from studios on Hylton Road in Worcester.

According to RAJAR, the station has 82,000 listeners with a reach of 15% as of Q4 2025.

BBC Local Radio
BBC Local Radio (also referred to as Local BBC Radio) is the BBC's local and regional radio division for England and the Channel Islands, consisting of 39 stations.

As of December 2024, the network broadcasts to a combined audience of 7.1 million, with a listening share of 4.6%, according to RAJAR.

BBC Local Radio does not operate in Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales, which instead have their own national stations.
Arkansas Highway 288
Highway 288 (AR 288, Ark. 288 and Hwy. 288) is a designation for two east–west state highways in northwest Arkansas. One segment of 10.03 miles (16.14 km) runs from Highway 41 near Peter Pender east to Highway 309. A second segment of 4.63 miles (7.45 km) runs east connecting Highway 197 to Highway 109.

Arkansas Highway 41
Arkansas Highway 41 (AR 41) is a designation for two state highways in west Arkansas. One segment of 38.38 miles (61.77 km) runs from the Texas state line north to U.S. Route 70B (US 70B) in De Queen. A second segment of 18.62 miles (29.97 km) runs from Highway 23 north of Chismville north to Citadel Park Road north of Cecil.

Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). A former alignment of Highway 41 existed as Highway 41B, a business route running north to De Queen for twelve years, until it was transferred to city maintenance in 1992.
John Paston (died 1466)
John Paston I (10 October 1421 – 21/22 May 1466) was an English country gentleman and landowner. He was the eldest son of the judge William Paston, Justice of the Common Pleas. After he succeeded his father in 1444, his life was marked by conflict occasioned by a power struggle in East Anglia between the dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk, and by his involvement in the affairs of his wife's kinsman, Sir John Fastolf. Between 1460–1466 he was Justice of the Peace for Norfolk, and was elected as a member of parliament in 1460 and again in 1461. A number of his letters survive among the Paston Letters, a rich source of historical information for the lives of the English gentry of the period.

William Paston (died 1444)
William Paston (1378 – 13 August 1444), the only son of Clement Paston and Beatrice Somerton, had a distinguished career as a lawyer and Justice of the Common Pleas. He acquired considerable property, and is considered "the real founder of the Paston family fortunes".
United States Ram Fleet
The United States Ram Fleet was a Union army unit of steam powered ram ships during the American Civil War.  The unit was independent of the Union army and Navy and reported directly to the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton.  The ram fleet operated in coordination with the Mississippi River Squadron during the Union brown-water navy campaign against the Confederate River Defense Fleet for control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries.

The unit was created and led by Colonel Charles Ellet Jr. until his death due to a wound received during the First Battle of Memphis.  Command of the unit went to Charles Ellet Jr.'s brother, Alfred W. Ellet.  The unit became part of the Mississippi Marine Brigade led by Alfred W. Ellet and command of the Ram Fleet was given to his nephew Charles Rivers Ellet and then to his nephew John A. Ellet.  The unit was subsequently transferred to Union army command and disbanded in 1864.

Mississippi Marine Brigade
The Mississippi Marine Brigade was a Union Army amphibious unit which included the United States Ram Fleet and operated from November 1862 to August 1864 during the American Civil War. The brigade was established to act swiftly against Confederate forces operating near the Mississippi River and its tributaries.  The brigade was commanded by Brigadier General Alfred W. Ellet and operated in coordination with the Mississippi River Squadron during the Union brown-water navy battle against the Confederate River Defense Fleet and land based forces. The brigade was independent of the Union Army and Navy and reported directly to the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton.  Despite the name, it was never part of the United States Marine Corps.
Rose Thompson Hovick
Rose Evangeline Hovick (née Thompson; August 31, 1890 – January 28, 1954) was an American talent manager best known as the mother of two famous performing daughters: burlesque artist Gypsy Rose Lee and actress and dancer June Havoc. Her career as her daughters' manager is dramatized in the musical Gypsy.

Gypsy Rose Lee
Gypsy Rose Lee (born Rose Louise Hovick, January 8, 1911 – April 26, 1970) was an American burlesque entertainer, stripper, actress, author, playwright and vedette, famous for her striptease act. Her 1957 memoir, Gypsy: A Memoir, was adapted into the 1959 stage musical Gypsy.
Metal carbonyl
Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands. Metal carbonyls are useful in organic synthesis and as catalysts or catalyst precursors in homogeneous catalysis, such as hydroformylation and Reppe chemistry. In the Mond process, nickel tetracarbonyl is used to produce pure nickel. In organometallic chemistry, metal carbonyls serve as precursors for the preparation of other organometallic complexes.

Metal carbonyls are toxic by skin contact, inhalation or ingestion, in part because of their ability to carbonylate hemoglobin to give carboxyhemoglobin, which prevents the binding of oxygen.

Nickel tetracarbonyl
Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a nickel(0) organometallic compound with the formula Ni(CO)4. This colorless liquid is the principal carbonyl of nickel.  It is an intermediate in the Mond process for producing very high-purity nickel and a reagent in organometallic chemistry, although the Mond Process has fallen out of common usage due to the health hazards in working with the compound. Nickel carbonyl is one of the most dangerous substances yet encountered in nickel chemistry due to its very high toxicity, compounded with high volatility and rapid skin absorption.