hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter J. Denning
Peter James Denning (born January 6, 1942) is an American computer scientist and writer. He is best known for pioneering work in virtual memory, especially for inventing the working-set model for program behavior, which addressed thrashing in operating systems and became the reference standard for all memory management policies.  He is also known for his works on principles of operating systems, operational analysis of queueing network systems, design and implementation of CSNET, the ACM digital library, and codifying the great principles of computing. He has written numerous influential articles and books, including an overview of fundamental computer science principles, computational thinking, and his thoughts on innovation as a set of learnable practices.

CSNET
The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network that began operation in 1981 in the United States. Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET, due to funding or authorization limitations. It played a significant role in spreading awareness of, and access to, national networking and was a major milestone on the path to development of the global Internet.  CSNET was funded by the  National Science Foundation for an initial three-year period from 1981 to 1984.
Segundo de Chomón
Segundo Víctor Aurelio Chomón y Ruiz  (also Chomont or Chaumont French: [ʃomɔ̃]; 17 October 1871 – 2 May 1929) was a pioneering Spanish-French film director, cinematographer and screenwriter. He produced many short films in France while working for Pathé Frères and has been compared to Georges Méliès, due to his frequent camera tricks and optical illusions. He is regarded as the most significant Spanish silent film director in an international context.

Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès (/meɪlˈjɛs/ mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema, primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres. Méliès rose to prominence creating "trick films" and became well known for his innovative use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards in his work. His most important films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904).
Jodha Singh Ataiya
Thakur Jodha Singh Ataiya (c. 1820s – 28 April 1858) (Hindi: जोधा सिंह अटैया) was an Indian zamindar and revolutionary from Rasulpur (Rasulpur Ataiya) village in Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh. He played a pivotal role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by organising armed resistance against British colonial forces. He led the seizure of the Fatehpur treasury, engaged in guerrilla warfare, and became a prominent freedom fighter in north-central India before being executed by British forces during the Bawani Imli massacre.

Bawani Imli massacre
The Bawani Imli massacre (Hindi: बावनी इमली हत्याकांड) was the execution of 52 Indian fighters including Jodha Singh Ataiya by British East India Company forces on 28 April 1858 during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The executions took place on a tamarind tree, locally known as "Bawani Imli" (meaning "52 tamarind"), 6 km from Bindki tehsil, and located 30 km from the town of Khajuha in Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. This event is considered a significant yet often overlooked episode in Indian independence movement.
Estoc
The French estoc is a type of sword, also called a tuck in English, in use from the 14th to the 17th century. It is characterized by a cruciform hilt with a grip for two-handed use and a straight, edgeless, but sharply pointed blade around 36 to 52 in (91 to 132 cm) in length. It is noted for its ability to pierce mail armor.

Chain mail
Mail (sometimes spelled maille and, since the 18th century, colloquially referred to as chain mail, chainmail, or chain-mail) is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was widely used in European militaries from the 3rd century BC to the 16th century AD, while in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East it remained in military use until as late as the 18th century. Chain mail is still in use in industries such as butchery and as protection against the powerful bites of creatures such as sharks. A coat of this armour is often called a hauberk or sometimes a byrnie.
George Cupples
George Cupples (2 August 1822 — 17 October 1891) was a Scottish journalist and a writer, who became famous at the end of 19th century for his maritime novels. In particular, his novel The Green Hand: adventures of a naval lieutenant was considered "one of the best sea stories ever written" at the time. His wife, Anne Jane Cupples, also became a famous writer of juvenile and children books.

Anne Jane Cupples
Anne Jane Cupples, née Douglas (4 January 1839 – 14 November 1896) was a Scottish writer and populariser of science. She was married to a famous maritime novelist George Cupples, and after his death moved to be with her sisters in New Zealand, where she died in 1896. She wrote around fifty books in total, mostly intended for children, under the name Mrs George Cupples.
Samuel A. Cherry
Samuel Austin Cherry (April 14, 1850 – May 11, 1881) was a lieutenant in the United States Army.  He spent most of his military career at posts in Wyoming and Nebraska.  In 1879, he participated in the Battle of Milk Creek, where he commanded a group of 20 men in a rear-guard action that allowed their column to make an orderly withdrawal from a superior Ute force and establish a defensive position. Cherry was able to bring all 20 of his men back to the column.

In 1881, while based at Fort Niobrara, Nebraska, Cherry was killed by a drunken soldier.  In 1883, his name was given to the newly organized Cherry County, Nebraska, which included Ft. Niobrara.

Cherry County, Nebraska
Cherry County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 5,455. Its county seat is Valentine. The county was named for Lt. Samuel A. Cherry, an Army officer who was stationed at Fort Niobrara and was killed in South Dakota in 1881. Cherry County is in the Nebraska Sandhills. It is the state's largest county, at nearly 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2), larger than three states, Rhode Island, Delaware and Connecticut. In the Nebraska license plate system, Cherry County is represented by the prefix 66 (it had the 66th-most vehicles registered in the state when the system was established in 1922).
Giacomo Antonio della Torre
Giacomo Antonio della Torre or Jacopo-Antonio dalla Torre (died 1486) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cremona (1476–1486),
Bishop of Parma (1463–1476), Bishop of Modena (1444–1463),
and Bishop of Reggio Emilia (1439–1444).

Diocese of Cremona
The Diocese of Cremona (Latin: Dioecesis Cremonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Italy. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Milan. The bishop of Cremona's cathedra is in the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.

As of 2008, the Diocese of Cremona had 223 parishes, all located within the region of Lombardy, and the majority (174)  within the Province of Cremona, besides  28 in the Province of Mantua, 17 in the Province of Bergamo, and 4 in the Province of Milan.
Headstock (rolling stock)
A headstock of a rail vehicle is a transverse structural member located at the extreme end of the vehicle's underframe.  The headstock supports the coupling at that end of the vehicle, and may also support buffers, in which case it may also be known as a buffer beam. The headstocks form part of the underframe of a locomotive or a railroad car. The headstocks of locomotives, railcars and cabcars also support headlamps and the hoses for air brakes, vacuum brakes as well as the cables for train control and head end power.

Buffer (rail transport)
A buffer is a part of the buffers and chain coupler system used on the railway systems of many countries, among them most of those in Europe, for attaching railway vehicles together (in North America, rolling stock instead has draft gear built into the couplers).
Lady Penelope
Lady Penelope Creighton-Ward is a fictional character introduced in the British 1960s Supermarionation television series Thunderbirds, which was produced by AP Films for ITC Entertainment. The character also appears in the film sequels Thunderbirds Are Go (1966) and Thunderbird 6 (1968), the 2004 live-action film Thunderbirds and the CGI remake TV series Thunderbirds Are Go. In the world of Thunderbirds, Penelope is employed by the secret organisation International Rescue as its London field agent.

The puppet character of the TV series and first two films was voiced by Sylvia Anderson. In the live-action film, she was portrayed by Sophia Myles, while in the remake series she is voiced by Rosamund Pike.

Sylvia Anderson
Sylvia Beatrice Anderson (née Thomas; 25 March 1927 – 15 March 2016) was an English television and film producer, writer, voice actress and costume designer, best known for her collaborations with Gerry Anderson, her husband between 1960 and 1981.

In addition to serving as co-creator and co-writer on their TV series during the 1960s and early 1970s, Anderson's primary contribution was character development and costume design. She regularly directed the fortnightly voice recording sessions and provided the voices of many female and child characters.  She also helped develop the shows and characters, in particular creating the iconic characters of Lady Penelope and Parker in Thunderbirds.
Ghost Adventures
Ghost Adventures is an American paranormal and reality television series that premiered on October 17, 2008, on the Travel Channel before moving to Discovery+ in 2021. An independent film of the same name originally aired on the Sci-Fi Channel on July 25, 2007. The program follows ghost hunters Zak Bagans, Aaron Goodwin, Billy Tolley, and Jay Wasley as they investigate locations that are reported to be haunted.

Paranormal television
Paranormal television is a genre of reality television that purports to document factual investigations of the paranormal rather than fictional representations seen in traditional narrative films and TV. Over the years, the genre has grown to be a staple of television and even changed the programming focus of networks like the History Channel and the Travel Channel. By highlighting beliefs in topics ranging from Bigfoot to aliens, paranormal television continues to elevate popular interest in the paranormal.
Clutha District
Clutha District is a local government district of southern New Zealand, with its headquarters in the Otago town of Balclutha. Clutha District has a land area of 6,334.47 km2 (2,445.75 sq mi) and an estimated population of 18,700 as of June 2024. Clutha District occupies the majority of the geographical area known as South Otago.

Balclutha, New Zealand
Balclutha (Māori: Iwikatea) is a town in South Otago, lying towards the end of the Clutha River, on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is about halfway between Dunedin and Gore on the Main South Line railway, State Highway 1 and the Southern Scenic Route. Balclutha has a population of 4,460 (as of June 2025), and is the largest town in South Otago.

The Clutha District Council is based in Balclutha.

The major service centre for the fertile farming region around the lower reaches of the Clutha River, it is also the nearest large town to the Catlins, a scenic region of native forest, wildlife, and rugged coastline.
James Nguyen
James Nguyen (born 1 September 1966) is a Vietnamese filmmaker known for directing the 2010 romantic horror film Birdemic: Shock and Terror, as well as its sequels Birdemic 2: The Resurrection and Birdemic 3: Sea Eagle.

Birdemic 2: The Resurrection
Birdemic 2: The Resurrection is a 2013 American satirical romantic thriller-horror film written and directed by James Nguyen and produced by Jeff Gross. The sequel to Nguyen's 2010 film Birdemic: Shock and Terror, which has been considered one of the worst films of all time, Birdemic 2 features self-referential humor about the reception of the previous film. Taking place four years after the first Birdemic, the film follows another mass bird attack caused by global warming, this time in Hollywood.
Nmixx
Nmixx (Korean: 엔믹스; RR: Enmikseu; MR: Enmiksŭ, stylized in all caps) is a South Korean girl group formed by SQU4D, a division of JYP Entertainment. The group is composed of six  members: Lily, Haewon, Sullyoon, Bae, Jiwoo, and Kyujin. Originally a seven-piece group, Jinni departed from the lineup on December 9, 2022, for personal reasons.

Nmixx debuted on February 22, 2022, with the single album Ad Mare. In 2023, the group released their first extended play Expérgo and its single "Love Me Like This", which peaked at number 11 on South Korea's Circle Digital Chart. Nmixx's debut studio album Blue Valentine was released in October 2025 to commercial success. The album's lead single became their first number-one song on the Circle Digital Chart, spending four weeks at the top spot.

Jini (singer)
Choi Yun-jin (Korean: 최윤진; born April 16, 2004), known professionally as Jini (지니, formerly romanized as Jinni), is a South Korean singer and actress. She debuted as a member of the South Korean girl group Nmixx in February 2022. Following her departure from the ensemble and JYP Entertainment on December 9, 2022, she joined ATOC as a solo artist.
Fu Deng
Fu Deng (Chinese: 苻登; 343–394), courtesy name Wengao (文高), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Gao of Former Qin (前秦高帝), was an emperor of the Di-led Chinese Former Qin dynasty. He assumed the throne in 386 after the deaths of Fu Jiān (Emperor Xuanzhao) and Fu Jiān's son Fu Pi (Emperor Aiping), even though he was only a distant relative of theirs, as by that time the Former Qin's territory had largely been reduced to the territory under his control. He battled the Later Qin emperor Yao Chang for years in a stalemate that neither could conclusively prevail, but in 394, he made a major attack on Later Qin after Yao Chang's death, seriously underestimating Yao Chang's son and successor Yao Xing, who captured and executed him.  Later that year, his son Fu Chong, who succeeded him, would die in battle, ending the Former Qin dynasty.

Yao Chang
Yao Chang (Chinese: 姚萇; 331–394), courtesy name Jingmao (景茂), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wuzhao of Later Qin (後秦武昭帝), was the founding emperor of the Qiang-led Chinese Later Qin dynasty. His father Yao Yizhong had been a powerful general and Qiang chieftain under the Later Zhao emperor Shi Hu, but after Later Zhao's collapse after Shi Hu's death, Yao Chang's older brother Yao Xiang tried to start an independent state but was defeated and killed by Former Qin forces. Yao Chang became a Former Qin general, but after an incident in 384 after the Former Qin emperor Fu Jiān's defeat at the Battle of Fei River, Yao Chang feared that Fu Jiān would kill him and therefore rebelled. He subsequently captured and killed Fu Jiān, who had saved his life when Yao Xiang was defeated, causing many historians to view him as a traitor and murderer.
801 (number)
801 (eight hundred [and] one) is the natural number following 800 and preceding 802.

801 is the sum of a square and positive cube in more than one way, and a sum of distinct positive cubes in more than one way:

In the gematria of 2nd century bishop Irenaeus, 801 stands for both the Greek word for a dove, and for Alpha and Omega, and therefore represents God in two ways.

800 (number)
800 (eight hundred) is the natural number following 799 and preceding 801.

It is the sum of four consecutive primes (193 + 197 + 199 + 211). It is a Harshad number, an Achilles number and the area of a square with diagonal 40.
CONUS experiment
The CONUS (COherent Neutrino nUcleus Scattering) experiment is a research project at the commercial nuclear power plant in Brokdorf,  Germany (see Figure 1).  The CONUS project is sponsored by the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik and Preussen Elektra GmbH.

The CONUS project is searching for the fundamental process of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering.  The primary goal is to confirm the existence of this process and to use this interaction type to investigate further neutrino properties within and beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics.

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
In nuclear and particle physics, coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, commonly abbreviated to CEvNS (pronounced /ˈsɛvəns/ like "seven-s"), is a nuclear reaction involving neutrinos of any active flavor scattering off nuclei. In contrast to inverse beta decay, the process only results in a nuclear recoil because the initial and final states must be identical. This process is used in the detection of low-energy neutrinos in neutrino experiments, such as with the first detection by the COHERENT Collaboration, the first measurement of CEvNS using neutrinos from a nuclear reactor with the CONUS+ detector, or the measurement of solar neutrinos with the PandaX and XENON-nT dark matter detectors. It has the highest cross-section for low-energy neutrinos, and has no energy threshold, thus making it an important process for the detection of low energy neutrinos (< 60 MeV). Observations of it provide an essential test of the Standard Model.
Jesus Says
"Jesus Says" is a song by the band Ash, released as the first single from their second album Nu-Clear Sounds in 1998, reaching number 15 in the UK singles chart. It was released as a single CD, a 7" vinyl, and as a cassette. "Jesus Says" was Ash's highest selling single until "Shining Light" in 2001. The 7" version came with a picture sleeve and the UK promo version came in a custom rice paper picture wallet.

The song also appears on the "Intergalactic Sonic 7″s" hits collection, and live versions can be found on the "Tokyo Blitz" DVD and the "Numbskull" EP. Additionally, a remix of the song was recorded as a B-side for the "Shining Light" single. The "Shining Light" remix was also released as a white label 12".

The song was remixed for American release by Butch Vig. The song featured in the soundtrack for the film Swimfan.

Intergalactic Sonic 7″s
Intergalactic Sonic 7″s is a singles collection, released by punk-influenced band Ash on 9 September 2002. It is available in two formats, with and without the bonus disc, Cosmic Debris. These are both available on CD and vinyl. It was released to celebrate Ash's tenth anniversary and collected the band's eighteen singles along with "Envy" a new song recorded specifically for the compilation. The American mixes of "Burn Baby Burn" "Jesus Says" and "Wildsurf" are included instead of their original mixes and a shorter edit of "Shining Light is included in place of the version featured on Free All Angels.

It peaked at number three in the UK album charts.

The album features artwork by comic artist Pat Lee.

It was also certified Gold by the BPI on October 4, 2002.
Barnes Peacock
Sir Barnes Peacock (7 January 1805 – 3 December 1890) was an English barrister and judge who served as the first chief justice of the Calcutta High Court in India and the final chief justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William. Alongside Lord Macaulay, he is credited with authoring the Indian Penal Code. He is also noted for pointing out the flaw that invalidated Daniel O’Connell’s 1843 sentence.

Calcutta High Court
Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. It is located at Esplanade Row West, Kolkata, West Bengal. It has jurisdiction over the state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Gothic Revival building was completed in 1872, and designed by Walter Long Bozzi Granville.

Currently, the court has a sanctioned judge strength of 72.
Siemens C651
The Siemens C651 is a class of retired trains that were the second generation of electric multiple unit rolling stock that operated on the North–South and East–West lines of Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, manufactured by Siemens Mobility (SIE) and SGP Verkehrstechnik in Vienna, Austria under Contract 651. A total of 114 cars consisting of 19 trainsets were purchased in 1992 and were in service from May 1995 to September 2024.

Siemens Mobility
Siemens Mobility GmbH is a division of Siemens that specializes in rail transport. With its global headquarters in Munich, Siemens Mobility has four core business units: Mobility Management, dedicated to rail technology and intelligent traffic systems, Railway Electrification, Rolling Stock, and Customer Services.
Upkeśa Gaccha
Upkeśa Gaccha is the oldest gaccha (monastic order) of Śvetāmbara Jainism. It is one of the 84 gacchas of the Śvetāmbara sect that were once in existence. Unlike most other gacchas that follow Mahavira's lineage and begin with his disciple Sudharmaswami, it follows the lineage of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha and is said to have begun with his prime disciple Ganadhara Shubhadatta. It went extinct in about 1930 CE.

Śvetāmbara
The Śvetāmbara (/ʃwɛˈtʌmbərə/; also spelled Shwetambara, Shvetambara, Svetambara or Swetambara) is one of the two main branches of Jainism, the other being the Digambara. Śvetāmbara in Sanskrit means "white-clad", and refers to its ascetics' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the Digambara or "sky-clad" Jains whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvetāmbaras do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.

The Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions have had historical differences ranging from their dress code, their temples and iconography, attitude towards Jain nuns, their legends and the texts they consider as important. Śvetāmbara Jain communities are currently found mainly in Gujarat, Rajasthan and coastal regions of Maharashtra. According to Jeffery D. Long, a scholar of Hindu and Jain studies, about four-fifths of all Jains in India are Śvetāmbaras.
Kilmainham Treaty
The Kilmainham Treaty was an informal agreement reached in May 1882 between Liberal British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone and the Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell.  Whilst imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol, Parnell moved in April 1882 to make a deal with the government, negotiated through Captain William O'Shea MP. The government would settle the "rent arrears" question allowing 100,000 tenants to appeal for fair rent before the land courts. Parnell promised to use his good offices to quell the violence and to co-operate cordially for the future with the Liberal Party in forwarding Liberal principles and measures of general reform. 
Gladstone released the prisoner and the agreement was a major triumph for Irish nationalism as it won abatement for tenant rent-arrears from the Government at the height of the Land War.

Kilmainham Gaol
Kilmainham Gaol (Irish: Príosún Chill Mhaighneann) is a former prison in Kilmainham, Dublin. It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works, an agency of the Government of Ireland. Many Irish revolutionaries, including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising (Patrick Pearse, James Connolly, Tom Clarke, Seán Mac Diarmada, Joseph Plunkett, Éamonn Ceannt, Thomas MacDonagh), were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the orders of the UK Government.