hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashton B. Collins Sr.
Ashton Budd Collins Sr. (September 14, 1885 – December 16, 1976) was an American inventor and marketer. He was the creator of Reddy Kilowatt, a popular corporate trade symbol for the electric utility industry for much of the 20th century.

Reddy Kilowatt
Reddy Kilowatt is a cartoon character that served as a corporate spokesman for electricity generation in the United States and other countries for nearly one hundred years. Currently, the Reddy Kilowatt trademark is owned by Xcel Energy.
Byara District
Byara District (Kurdish: ناوچەی بیاره, romanized: Nawçey Biyare) is a district in the Halabja Governorate, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It spans the mountainous Hawraman region along Iraq's border with Iran. Its population is composed of predominantly Kurdish people following Islam. The district’s economy is anchored in agriculture, supplemented by tourism. Its capital is the city of Byara.

Halabja Governorate
Halabja Governorate (Kurdish: پارێزگای ھەڵەبجە, romanized: Parêzgay Helebceyê, Arabic: محافظة حلبجة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalabja) is a governorate in the semi-autonomous region of Kurdistan Region in Iraq. The governorate was established in 2014, splitting off from Sulaymaniyah Governorate and becoming the fourth governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Its capital is the city of Halabja. Halabja Governorate is the least populated governorate.

Although officially recognized by Kurdistan Regional Government, the Iraqi government had not officially recognized it until April 14th 2025 due to postponing of the hearing regarding its status multiple times by the Council of Representatives of Iraq, which is the only legislature in Iraq capable of declaring it as such.

On April 14, 2025, the Iraqi government officially recognized Halabja as its 19th province of Iraq. The Kurdistan Region has also recognized it as the 4th Governorate of the Kurdistan Region before.
Cecil H. Underwood
Cecil Harland Underwood (November 5, 1922 – November 24, 2008) was an American politician who served as the 25th and 32nd governor of West Virginia from 1957 to 1961, and again from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Republican Party, he was the youngest governor in the state's history when first elected in 1956 at age 34 and later became the oldest when re-elected in 1996 at age 74. His career spanned more than five decades, including multiple gubernatorial bids, legislative service, and roles in academia and business. Underwood was known for his work in civil rights, economic development, and tax reform.

1996 West Virginia gubernatorial election
The 1996 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1996 to elect the governor of West Virginia. Republican Cecil Underwood, who had previously been the governor of West Virginia from 1957 to 1961, defeated Democratic State Senator Charlotte Pritt.  Concurrently, the state voted the opposite way federally, choosing Democratic U.S. presidential nominee, incumbent Bill Clinton over Republican nominee Bob Dole in the presidential election that year.

Pritt was the first woman to secure the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination of either of the two major political parties. This was the last time a Republican was elected governor of West Virginia until 2020. Former Republican Jim Justice was elected in the 2016 election as a Democrat and later switched back to the Republican Party seven months into his term, making him the first Republican governor since 2001 when Underwood left office.
ITV Play
ITV Play was a British free-to-air television channel devoted exclusively to phone-in quiz show programmes. It was owned by ITV plc, and expanded upon ITV1 and ITV2's late-night quiz programmes such as Quizmania and The Mint. ITV Play was launched on 19 April 2006—replacing Men & Motors on Freeview—and started broadcasting on the Sky platform on 24 July 2006.

The channel was short-lived; its programmes, along with those carried by other British television channels, faced scrutiny for their semblance to gambling. Concurrently, a series of scandals also emerged surrounding the use of premium-rate telephone numbers on British television. On 5 March 2007, ITV announced that it would audit its use of premium-rate lines across its programming, resulting in the closure of ITV Play until further notice; on 13 March, ITV announced that ITV Play would be closed permanently. The ITV Play name continued as a strand on ITV1 during the overnight hours until December 2007.

Quizmania
Quizmania is a British interactive game show. The show was devised by Chuck Thomas, Debbie King, and Simone Thorogood and produced by FremantleMedia for Information TV (between August 2005 and March 2006) and ITV (between December 2005 and January 2007). Similar to other premium-line call-in shows, viewers on the TV version of Quizmania were encouraged to phone a premium-rate number in order to provide an answer to a quiz question.

Quizmania's last television broadcast was made on 14–15 January 2007, presented by Greg Scott and Debbie King. The show closed with a highlights montage and a farewell sign off from Scott and King.

The series returned briefly on Thursday 17 July 2008 as an online-only show on Quizmania's official website.
Piotr Hofmański
Piotr Józef Hofmański (born 6 March 1956) is a Polish jurist who served as President of the International Criminal Court (ICC) from 2021 to 2024 and as a judge of the ICC from 2015 to 2024. Prior to this tenure, Hofmański was a legal expert and advisor at the Council of Europe.

Judges of the International Criminal Court
The eighteen judges of the International Criminal Court (ICC) are elected for nine-year terms by the member-countries of the court. Candidates must be nationals of those countries and they must "possess the qualifications required in their respective States for appointment to the highest judicial offices".

A judge may be disqualified from "any case in which his or her impartiality might reasonably be doubted on any ground", and a judge may be removed from office if found "to have committed serious misconduct or a serious breach of his or her duties" or is unable to exercise his or her functions.

The judges are organized into three divisions: the Pre-Trial Division, Trial Division, and Appeals Division.
Mother of the Forest
Mother of the Forest was a giant sequoia in the Sierra Nevada that was stripped of its bark and used as an exhibition tree. It was the second largest tree in Calaveras Grove, standing at 328 feet (100 m) tall with a circumference of 93 feet (28 m), when the grove was discovered by European Americans in 1852. During the California Gold Rush, its bark was harvested and exhibited in New York and London. However, the remaining tree was eventually destroyed by fire in 1908, leaving only a fire-blackened snag.

The damage to Mother of the Forest and felling of other giant sequoias during the mid-1800s sparked public outcry and led to the conservation movement and the legal protection of these trees. In 1931, Calaveras Grove was designated as a part of California State Parks, ensuring the preservation of these remarkable trees for future generations.

Calaveras Big Trees State Park
Calaveras Big Trees State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving two groves of giant sequoia trees.  Located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Arnold, California in the middle elevations of the Sierra Nevada, it has been a major tourist attraction since 1852, when the existence of the trees was first widely reported. Two famous exhibition trees, the Discovery Tree and the Mother of the Forest, were felled for display. It is also considered the longest continuously operated tourist attraction in California.
North Kosovo crisis (2011–2013)
Clashes between the Republic of Kosovo and ethnic Serbs in northern Kosovo  began on 25 July 2011 when the Kosovo Police crossed into the Serb-controlled municipalities of North Kosovo, to control several administrative border crossings. This was done without the Kosovo Police consulting either Serbia or Kosovo Force (KFOR)/EULEX (European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo). Though tensions between the two sides eased somewhat after the intervention of NATO's KFOR forces, they remained high amid concern from the European Union, which also blamed Kosovo for the unilateral provocation. On 19 April 2013, an agreement was signed in Brussels between representatives of Kosovo and Serbia. The 15-point document granted devolved powers to North Kosovo regarding economic development, education, healthcare and urban planning, and several mechanisms that allowed a certain autonomy in justice, policing and electoral matters.

Kosovo Force
The Kosovo Force (KFOR) is a NATO-led international peacekeeping force and military of Kosovo. KFOR is the third security responder, after the Kosovo Police and the EU Rule of Law (EULEX) mission, respectively, with whom NATO peacekeeping forces work in close coordination. Its operations are gradually reducing until the Kosovo Security Force, established in 2009, becomes self-sufficient.

KFOR entered Kosovo on 12 June 1999, one day after the United Nations Security Council adopted the UNSC Resolution 1244. At the time, Kosovo was facing a grave humanitarian crisis, with the Yugoslav Army in action against the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) in daily engagements. Nearly one million people had fled Kosovo as refugees by that time, many of whom left permanently.

Currently, 33 states contribute to the KFOR, with a combined strength of 5,249 military personnel.
Peter Glaser
Peter Edward Glaser (September 5, 1923 – May 29, 2014) was a Czechoslovak-born American scientist and aerospace engineer. He served as Vice President, Advanced Technology (1985–94), was employed at Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, MA (1955–94); subsequently he served as a consultant to the company (1994–2005).  He was president of Power from Space Consultants (1994–2005).  Glaser retired in 2005.

Arthur D. Little
Arthur D. Little is an international management consulting firm originally headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1886 and formally incorporated in 1909 by Arthur Dehon Little, an MIT chemist who extended the applications of cellulose acetate, especially its use as artificial silk. Arthur D. Little pioneered the concept of contracted professional services. The company played key roles in the development of business strategy, operations research, the word processor, the first synthetic penicillin, LexisNexis, SABRE, and NASDAQ.
Derek Carr
Derek Dallas Carr (born March 28, 1991) is an American former professional football quarterback who played 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Fresno State Bulldogs, receiving first-team All-Mountain West Conference honors twice before being selected by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 2014 NFL draft.

A four-time Pro Bowler, Carr helped the Raiders reach the playoffs during the 2016 season, the franchise's first appearance since 2002, as well as another postseason berth in 2021. Following a 2022 season that was below expectations, Carr lost his starting job and agreed with Raiders leadership to be released following the conclusion of the season. He left the Raiders as the franchise leader in passing yards, passing touchdowns, and pass completions. After leaving the Raiders, Carr played two seasons for the New Orleans Saints before announcing his retirement in 2025 due to a severe rotator cuff injury.

Fresno State Bulldogs football
The Fresno State Bulldogs football team represents California State University, Fresno, in NCAA Division I FBS college football as a member of the Mountain West Conference (Pac-12 Conference in 2026). The green "V" on the Bulldogs' helmets, uniforms, and playing field symbolizes California's Central Valley, specifically the San Joaquin Valley, the agricultural valley from which they draw their support.
Cave Junction, Oregon
Cave Junction is a city in Josephine County, Oregon, United States. The city got its name by virtue of its location at the junction of Redwood Highway (U.S. Route 199) and Caves Highway (Oregon Route 46).  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 2,071. Following World War II, timber became the main source of income for residents. As timber income has since declined, the city is attempting to compensate with tourism and branding itself as a haven for retirees.

Grants Pass, Oregon
Grants Pass is a city in and the county seat of Josephine County, Oregon, United States. The city is located on Interstate 5, northwest of Medford, along the Rogue River. The population is 39,194 according to the 2020 census, making it the 15th most populous city in Oregon.
Maura Clarke
Maura Clarke, MM (January 13, 1931 – December 2, 1980), was an American Maryknoll Sister who served as a missionary in Nicaragua and El Salvador. She worked with the poor and refugees in Central America from 1959 until her murder in 1980. On December 2, 1980, she was beaten, raped, and murdered along with three fellow missionaries — Ita Ford, Dorothy Kazel and Jean Donovan — by members of the military of El Salvador.

Maryknoll Sisters
The Maryknoll Sisters, (formerly the Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic/Teresians) are an institute of Catholic religious sisters founded in the village of Ossining, Westchester County, New York, in 1912, six months after the 1911 creation of the Maryknoll community of missionary brothers and fathers. Until 1954, when they became a pontifical institute, the religious institute was known as the Foreign Mission Sisters of St. Dominic. The sisters use the suffix "M.M." after their names.
Conan Osíris
Tiago Emanuel da Silva Miranda (born 5 January 1989), known professionally as Conan Osíris (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkɔnɐn ɔˈziɾiʃ]), is a Portuguese singer-songwriter. His stage name is based on the main character from Japanese series Future Boy Conan and the ancient Egyptian god Osiris. He represented Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with the song "Telemóveis".

Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with the song "Telemóveis" written and performed by Conan Osíris. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP), organised the national final Festival da Canção 2019 in order to select its entry for the contest. After two semi-finals and a final which took place in February and March 2019, "Telemóveis" performed by Conan Osíris emerged as the winner after achieving the highest score following the combination of votes from seven regional juries and a public televote.

Portugal was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 14 May 2019. Performing during the show in position 15, "Telemóveis" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Portugal placed fifteenth out of the 17 participating countries in the semi-final with 51 points.
Mimi Faust
Oluremi Fela Faust (née James) (born January 3, 1972), known professionally as Mimi Faust, is an American reality television personality who stars on the VH1 program Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. She first appeared as the long-time girlfriend of producer Stevie J.

Stevie J
Steven Aaron Jordan (born November 2, 1973) is an American DJ, record producer, and television personality. As part of the Bad Boy Records production team the Hitmen, Jordan won a Grammy Award for his work on Puff Daddy's debut album No Way Out (1997). Throughout the late 1990s, Jordan produced for a number of artists including Mariah Carey, Tevin Campbell, The Notorious B.I.G., 112, Jodeci, Faith Evans, Jay-Z, and Eve.
Sthavira Nikāya
The Sthavira Nikāya (Sanskrit: "Sect of the Elders"; Chinese: 上座部; pinyin: Shàngzuò Bù; Vietnamese: Trưởng lão bộ) was one of the early Buddhist schools. They split from the majority Mahāsāṃghikas at the time of the Second Buddhist Council.

Pudgalavada
The Pudgalavāda (Sanskrit: "Personalism"; Pali: Puggalavāda; Chinese: 補特伽羅論者; pinyin: Bǔtèjiāluō Lùnzhě; Vietnamese: Bổ-đặc-già-la Luận giả) was a Buddhist philosophical view and also refers to a group of Nikāya Buddhist schools (mainly known as Vātsīputrīyas) that arose from the Sthavira Nikāya. The school is believed to have been founded by the elder Vātsīputra in the third century BCE. They were a widely influential school in India and became particularly popular during the reign of emperor Harshavadana (606–647 CE). Harsha's sister Rajyasri was said to have joined the school as a nun. According to Dan Lusthaus, they were "one of the most popular mainstream Buddhist sects in India for more than a thousand years".
Bill Coventry
William Michael Coventry (born 26 January 1967) is a former New Zealand rower.

Coventry was born in Hamilton in 1967. He represented New Zealand at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the coxless four in a team with Campbell Clayton-Greene, Geoff Cotter, and Neil Gibson, where they came seventh. At the 1989 World Rowing Championships at Bled, Yugoslavia, he won a Bronze in the men's four with Ian Wright, Alastair Mackintosh, and Campbell Clayton-Greene.

He married fellow Olympic rower Lynley Hannen and they live with their children in Nelson.

Campbell Clayton-Greene
Campbell I. Clayton-Greene (born 26 March 1967) is a former New Zealand rower. He represented New Zealand at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the coxless four in a team with Geoff Cotter, Bill Coventry, and Neil Gibson, where they came seventh. At the 1989 World Rowing Championships at Bled, Yugoslavia, he won a Bronze in the men's four with Ian Wright, Alastair Mackintosh, and Bill Coventry.
Klenovnik, Serbia
Klenovnik  (Serbian Cyrillic: Кленовник) is a village in the municipality of Kostolac, city of Požarevac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 904 people. It derives its name from Klen, a type of deciduous tree. Legend has it that the area was covered with a Klen forest, which was petrified, and resulted in a large deposit of coal. The thermo-electric power plant Kostolac is near Klenovnik, and is largely powered by the coal extracted from the nearby open-surface mines. Population of Klenovnik mainly shares in two occupations: agriculture and supporting industry for the nearby power plant. Klenovnik has a small school, grades K-4. Although it is a very small village it has city water, paved roads, and steam heating. Population is ethnically mainly Serbian.

Kostolac
Kostolac (Serbian Cyrillic: Костолац) is a town in Serbia and one of two city municipalities which constitute the City of Požarevac. It is situated on the Danube river. The remains of Viminacium, the capital of the Roman province of Moesia Superior, are located near Stari Kostolac, some 2 km to the east of Kostolac. Kostolac is also a center of the area called Stig and home of thermal power plants and coal mines.
Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe
Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe (German: Prinz Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Bruno zu Schaumburg-Lippe; 30 January 1868 – 12 December 1945) was a German prince and head of the Náchod branch of the princely house of Schaumburg-Lippe.

He was a son of Prince William of Schaumburg-Lippe by his wife, Princess Bathildis of Anhalt-Dessau.

Prince William of Schaumburg-Lippe
Prince William of Schaumburg-Lippe (German: Prinz Wilhelm Karl August zu Schaumburg-Lippe; 12 December 1834 – 4 April 1906) was the son of George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and member of the House of Lippe.
Hurufism
Hurufism (Arabic: حُرُوفِيَّة ḥurūfiyyah, Persian: حُروفیان horūfiyān) is a form of islamic numerology based on the mysticism of letters (ḥurūf), essentially being the islamic equivalent of gematria. It originated in the Sufi circles of Astrabad and spread to areas of western Iran (Persia), Anatolia, and the Balkans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

Gorgan
Gorgan (Persian: گرگان; [ɡoɾˈɡɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Gorgan County, Golestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It lies approximately 400 km (250 mi) to the northeast of the national capital Tehran, and some 30 km (19 mi) away from the Caspian Sea.
Senoi
The Senoi (/ˈsɛnɔɪ/; also spelled Sengoi and Sng'oi) are a group of Malaysian peoples classified among the Orang Asli, the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia. They are the most numerous of the Orang Asli and widely distributed across the peninsula. The Senois speak various branches of Aslian languages, which in turn form a branch of Austroasiatic languages. Many of them are also bilingual in the national language, the Malaysian language (Bahasa Melayu).

Semaq Beri people
Semaq Beri or Semoq Beri people are the native Orang Asli people belonging to the Senoi branch, who live in the states of Pahang and Terengganu in peninsular Malaysia. The Semaq Beri language is a language spoken by the people, is an Austroasiatic language that belongs to the Southern grouping of the branch of Aslian languages.
Luis Perez (American football)
Luis Francisco Perez (born August 26, 1994) is an American professional football quarterback for the Dallas Renegades of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M–Commerce Lions from 2015 to 2017. Prior to that, he played junior college football for the Southwestern Jaguars. He was awarded the Harlon Hill Trophy in 2017 as the best football player in NCAA Division II and led the Lions to their second national championship in football during the 2017 season, their first since 1972. He won the 2023 XFL Championship with the Arlington Renegades. Perez was named MVP of the Championship Game, leading the Renegades to a 35–26 victory over the D.C. Defenders.

Dallas Renegades
The Dallas Renegades are a professional American football team based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Renegades compete in the United Football League (UFL). The team was founded as the Dallas Renegades by Vince McMahon's Alpha Entertainment, before being renamed to the Arlington Renegades by current owners and operators by Alpha Acquico, controlled by actor Dwayne Johnson, and Fox Corporation. The name reverted to the Dallas Renegades ahead of the 2026 UFL season. The Renegades play their home games at Toyota Stadium, having previously played at Choctaw Stadium in Arlington.

In 2023, the Renegades had a regular season record of 4–6, yet they won both of their playoff games, and were crowned XFL Champions. They were part of the XFL/USFL merger in 2024.
Telaprevir
Telaprevir (VX-950), was marketed under the brand names Incivek and Incivo, is a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of hepatitis C co-developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and Johnson & Johnson. It is a member of a class of antiviral drugs known as protease inhibitors. Specifically, telaprevir inhibits the hepatitis C viral enzyme NS3/4A serine protease. Telaprevir is only indicated for use against hepatitis C genotype 1 viral infections and has not been proven to be safe or effective when used for other genotypes of the virus. The standard therapy of pegylated interferon and ribavirin is less effective than telaprevir in those with genotype 1.

Vertex Pharmaceuticals
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated is an American biopharmaceutical company based in Boston, Massachusetts. It was one of the first biotech firms to use an explicit strategy of rational drug design rather than combinatorial chemistry. It maintains headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts, and three research facilities, in San Diego, California, and Milton Park, Oxfordshire, England.