hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rifle grenade
A rifle grenade is a grenade that uses a rifle-based launcher to permit a longer effective range than would be possible if the grenade were thrown by hand.

The practice of projecting grenades with rifle-mounted launchers was first widely used during World War I and World War II and continues to the present, with the term "rifle grenade" now encompassing many different types of payloads including high explosive, fragmentation, anti-tank warheads, concussion, smoke, incendiary, and flare missiles.

Rifle grenades have largely been supplanted in the infantry fire support role by a combination of grenade launchers (typically affixed to rifles) and disposable anti-armor rockets.

Grenade launcher
A grenade launcher is a weapon that fires a specially designed, large caliber projectile, often with an explosive, smoke, or gas warhead. Today, the term generally refers to a class of dedicated firearms firing unitary grenade cartridges - for example the widely used 40mm type. The most common type are man-portable, shoulder-fired weapons issued to individuals, although larger crew-served launchers are issued at higher levels of organization by military forces.

Grenade launchers are produced in the form of standalone weapons (either single shot or repeating) or as attachments mounted to a parent firearm, usually a rifle. Larger crew-served automatic grenade launchers such as the Mk 19 are mounted on tripods or vehicles.

Some armored fighting vehicles also mount fixed arrays of short-range, single-shot grenade launchers as a means of defense.
Minos Kalokairinos
Minos Kalokairinos (Greek: Μίνως Καλοκαιρινός, 1843, Heraklion - 1907, Heraklion) was a Cretan Greek businessman and amateur archaeologist known for performing the first excavations at the Minoan palace of Knossos. His excavations were continued later by Arthur Evans.

Arthur Evans
Sir Arthur John Evans FRS FBA FREng (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age.

The first excavations at the Minoan palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete began in 1877. They were led by Cretan Greek Minos Kalokairinos, a native of Heraklion. Three weeks later Ottoman authorities forced him to stop (at the time, Crete was under Ottoman rule). Almost three decades later, Evans heard of Kalokairinos' discovery. With private funding, he bought the surrounding rural area including the palace land. Evans began his own excavations in 1900.

Based on the structures and artefacts found there and throughout the eastern Mediterranean, Evans found that he needed to distinguish the Minoan civilisation from Mycenaean Greece. Evans was also the first to define the Cretan scripts Linear A and Linear B, as well as an earlier pictographic writing.
Irene Chanter
Irene Chanter is a British singer best known for her career as a member of the Chanter Sisters and for her work as a session singer, working with a number of musicians in the 1970s and 1980s.

Chanter has worked with Elton John, Long John Baldry, Phil Manzanera, Roxy Music, John Miles, Chris Farlowe, John Cale, Junior Campbell, Ronnie Wood, Manfred Mann's Earth Band, Baker Gurvitz Army, Caravan, Pink Floyd, The Undertones, Rod Stewart, David Coverdale, James Last, Robert Wyatt and Whitesnake. Chanter has two children and five grandchildren.

Chanter Sisters
The Chanter Sisters are British sisters Irene and Doreen Chanter who perform both as a duo, and as backing for other singers. They released three albums and a number of singles from the mid to late 1970s.
Alley house
An alley house is a style of house constructed in an alley that serves the back of other homes rather than a larger residential street. Often, these take the form of terraced houses, which can maximize the use of the spatial limitations of an alley. Alley houses were prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; their small size made them less expensive in high demand property markets. They have often housed working-class people, immigrants, and/or young families in industrial towns who may have otherwise been excluded by these property markets. Alley houses have declined in their prevalence due to demolitions enacted by governments which were often driven by class prejudice. In some regions, more recent trends in housing construction have included homes fronted on alleys. For example, in urban Canada numerous alley-facing homes (known as laneway houses) have been constructed in recent years to meet increasing demand.

Laneway house
A laneway house is a form of detached secondary suites in Canada built into pre-existing lots, usually in the backyard and opening onto the back lane. Most laneway houses are small. However, public concern has been raised in some communities about the impact that larger forms of this type of housing may have on privacy. Laneway houses are found in densely populated areas in Canadian cities, including Edmonton, Toronto, and Vancouver.
Prison Commission (Scotland)
The Prison Commission was a public body of the Government of the United Kingdom established in 1877 and responsible for the operation of what is now the Scottish Prison Service. It was renamed the Prison Department in 1928, and was merged with the Scottish Office to become the Scottish Home Department in 1939.

Scottish Office
The Scottish Office was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1999, exercising a wide range of government functions in relation to Scotland under the control of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Following the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, most of its work was transferred to the newly established Scottish Executive (now the Scottish Government), with a small residue of functions retained by the Scotland Office.
Dorothy Gale
Dorothy Gale is a character created by the American author L. Frank Baum as the protagonist in many of his Oz novels. She first appears in Baum's classic 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and reappears in most of its sequels. She is also the main character in various adaptations, notably the 1939 film adaptation of the novel, The Wizard of Oz.

In later novels, the Land of Oz steadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas. Dorothy eventually goes to live in an apartment in the Emerald City's palace but only after her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry have settled in a farmhouse on its outskirts. Dorothy's best friend Princess Ozma, ruler of Oz, officially makes her a princess of Oz later in the novels.

Aunt Em
Emily Gale, commonly referred to as Aunt Em or Auntie Em, is a fictional character from the Oz books. She is married to Uncle Henry and the aunt of Dorothy Gale, who lives together with them on a farm in Kansas. In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, she is described as having been a "young, pretty wife" when she arrived at Uncle Henry's farm, but having been "grayed" by her life there, implying that she appears older than her years. Baum writes that when Dorothy came to live with her, Em would "scream and press her hand upon her heart" when startled by Dorothy's laughter, and she appears emotionally distant to her at the beginning of the story. However, after Dorothy is restored to her at the end of the book, her true nature is seen: she cries out, "My darling child!" and covers her with kisses.

There is no question about Dorothy's love for her aunt: her request to the magic Silver Shoes is "Take me home to Aunt Em!"
Douglas XP3D
The Douglas XP3D was a prototype American patrol flying boat of the 1930s.  A twin-engined high-winged monoplane, the P3D was produced by the Douglas Aircraft Company to equip the US Navy's Patrol squadrons, but despite meeting the Navy's requirements, the rival Consolidated PBY was preferred owing to a lower price.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
Metropolitan-Vickers
Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse. Highly diversified, it was particularly well known for its industrial electrical equipment such as generators, steam turbines, switchgear, transformers, electronics and railway traction equipment. Metrovick holds a place in history as the builders of the first commercial transistor computer, the Metrovick 950, and the first British axial-flow jet engine, the Metropolitan-Vickers F.2. Its factory in Trafford Park, Manchester, was for most of the 20th century one of the biggest and most important heavy engineering facilities in Britain and the world.

British Westinghouse
British Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company was a subsidiary of the Pittsburgh, US-based Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. British Westinghouse would become a subsidiary of Metropolitan-Vickers in 1919; and after Metropolitan-Vickers merged with British Thomson-Houston in 1929, it became part of Associated Electrical Industries (AEI) in 1959. Further consolidation saw AEI taken over by GEC in 1967.
Sankt Barbara im Mürztal
Sankt Barbara im Mürztal is since 2015 a market town in Styria, Austria, with 6,726 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2016) in the judicial district of Mürzzuschlag and in the political district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag in Styria. As part of the municipality structural reform in Styria, the municipality, which was founded on 1 January 2015, was formed by the merger of the independent municipalities:

Mitterdorf im Mürztal,

Veitsch und

Wartberg im Mürztal.

This was based on the Styrian municipality Structural Reform Act, StGsrG.

In this case, no major part of one of the (three) outlying communities was used as a new name, but only the district name "Mürztal" (Murtal). The new community is named after the patron saint of miners, St. Barbara. A church dedicated to St. Barbara was built in 1986 in what is now the district Mitterdorf.

Mitterdorf im Mürztal
Mitterdorf im Mürztal is a former municipality in the district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Sankt Barbara im Mürztal.
Wereldmuseum Leiden
Wereldmuseum Leiden (also known as Museum Volkenkunde) is a Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands located in the university city of Leiden. As of 2014, the museum, along with Wereldmuseum Amsterdam, in Amsterdam, and Wereldmuseum Rotterdam, together make up the National Museum of World Cultures.

Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen
The Dutch: Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (NMVW) (transl. National Museum of World Cultures) is an overarching museum organisation for the management of several ethnographic museums in the Netherlands, founded in 2014. It consists of the Tropenmuseum (transl. Tropical Museum) in Amsterdam, the Afrika Museum in Berg en Dal, and the Museum Volkenkunde (transl. Ethnology Museum) in Leiden. The National Museum of World Cultures works in close cooperation with the Wereldmuseum (transl. World Museum) in Rotterdam.  It is also part of nation-wide Dutch organisations for research into provenance studies and projects of restitution of cultural heritage to countries of origin, like the former Dutch colony in today's Indonesia.
Sierra Village, California
Sierra Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California. It is located roughly 1½ miles northeast of Mi-Wuk Village on State Route 108.  Sierra Village sits at an elevation of 4,787 feet (1,459 m). The 2020 United States census reported Sierra Village's population was 411.

Mi-Wuk Village, California
Mi-Wuk Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California, United States. The population was 935 at the 2020 census, down from 941 at the 2010 census. It was named after the Miwok Indians by the real estate developer and promoter Harry Hoeffler in 1955.
Blane oil field
Blane (Norwegian: Blanefeltet) is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian and northern British sectors of North Sea. The Blane facilities are located on the British continental shelf and are tied to the Ula field which is located 34 km (21 mi) to the northeast via subsea pipeline. The field was discovered in 1989 and produces high quality oil.

Ula oil field
Ula (Norwegian: Ulafeltet) is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Gyda, Tambar and Tambar East fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity.

The Ula field was discovered in 1976 and came online in October 1986. It contains confirmed 69.98 million m3 of oil and 2.5 million of NGL.
Al Jadaf (Dubai Metro)
Al Jadaf (aka Al Jaddaf, Arabic: الجداف) is a rapid transit station on the Green Line of the Dubai Metro in Dubai, UAE. It serves as the penultimate station before the western terminus of the line.

The station opened on 1 March 2014 as part of an extension to the Green Line. It is close to the Jaddaf Waterfront.

Creek (Dubai Metro)
Creek (aka Dubai Creek, Arabic: الخور) is a rapid transit station on the Green Line of the Dubai Metro in Dubai, UAE. It serves as the western terminus of the line. The Mohammed Bin Rashid Library is in close proximity to the station.
Reidenbach Old Order Mennonites
Reidenbach Old Order Mennonites, also called Thirty-Fivers, comprise about 15 Old Order Mennonite churches, which emerged from a split of the Groffdale Old Order Mennonite Conference in 1942 and subsequent splits. The people who formed the Reidenbach Mennonites Church were more conservative than the members of the Groffdale Conference. The original name of the new church in 1946 was "Reidenbach Mennonite Church".

Groffdale Conference Mennonite Church
The Groffdale Conference Mennonite Church, also called Wenger Mennonites, is the largest Old Order Mennonite group to use horse-drawn carriages for transportation. Along with the automobile, they reject many modern conveniences, while allowing electricity in their homes and steel-wheeled tractors to till the fields. Initially concentrated in eastern Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, their numbers had grown to 22,305 people resided in eight other states as of 2015. They share the pulpit with the Ontario (Old Order) Mennonite Conference but have some differences in Ordnung.
Saturn Ion
The Saturn Ion is a compact car sold by Saturn between the 2003 and 2007 model years. Based on the GM Delta platform, the Ion replaced the Saturn S-Series in 2002,
and was replaced by the new Saturn Astra in 2008. Production of the Ion ended on March 29, 2007. The Ion was the last Saturn passenger car built at the Spring Hill, Tennessee plant which was originally linked to the company's branding, with Saturn owners attending "homecoming" events at the plant.

Opel Astra
The Opel Astra is a compact car/small family car (C-segment) developed and produced by the German automaker Opel since 1991, currently at its sixth generation. It was first launched in September 1991 as a direct replacement to the Opel Kadett. As of 2025, the car slots between the smaller Corsa supermini and the larger Frontera subcompact crossover SUV.
Evergy
Evergy, Inc. is an American investor-owned utility (IOU) with publicly traded stock with headquarters in Topeka, Kansas, and in Kansas City, Missouri. The company was formed from a merger of Westar Energy of Topeka and Great Plains Energy of Kansas City, parent company of Kansas City Power & Light. Evergy is the largest electric company in Kansas, serving more than 1.7 million residential, commercial and industrial customers in Kansas and Missouri. Its more than 40 power plants have generating capacity of 16,000 megawatt electricity in Kansas and Missouri. Service territory covers 28,130 square miles (72,900 km2) in east Kansas and west Missouri. It owns more than 10,100 miles (16,300 km) of transmission lines and about 52,000 miles (84,000 km) of distribution lines.

Great Plains Energy
Great Plains Energy Incorporated was a holding company based in Kansas City, Missouri that owned electric utility Kansas City Power and Light Company and Strategic Energy, LLC, an energy management company.

KCP&L established the holding company on October 1, 2001.

Great Plains acquired Aquila, Inc. in July, 2008.

In 2014, it ranked #855 on the Fortune 1000 list.
Nimrod (comics)
Nimrod is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #191 (March 1985), and was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Romita Jr.

Hailing from the "Days of Future Past" timeline, Nimrod is a powerful, virtually indestructible descendant of the robotic mutant-hunting Sentinels. His name is derived from the biblical figure described in Genesis as a "mighty hunter".

Sentinel (comics)
The Sentinels are a group of mutant-hunting robots appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are typically depicted as antagonists to the X-Men.

The Sentinels played a large role in several X-Men animated series, and have been featured in several X-Men video games. The Sentinels are featured prominently in the 2014 film X-Men: Days of Future Past, and made brief appearances in the 2006 film X-Men: The Last Stand and the 2016 film X-Men: Apocalypse. In 2009, The Sentinels were ranked in IGN as the 38th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.
St Augustine's Church, Ramsgate
St Augustine's Church or the Shrine of St Augustine of Canterbury is a Roman Catholic church in Ramsgate, Kent. It was the personal church of Augustus Pugin, a nineteenth-century architect, designer, and reformer. The church is an example of Pugin's design ideas, and it forms a central part of Pugin's collection of buildings in Ramsgate. Having built his home (The Grange, Ramsgate, next door), Pugin began work on St Augustine's in 1846 and worked on it until his death in 1852. His sons completed many of the designs. This is the site where Pugin is buried, in a vault beneath the chantry chapel he designed, alongside several members of his family.

The Grange, Ramsgate
The Grange is a house in Ramsgate, Kent, on the south coast of England. It was designed as his own home by the Victorian architect and designer Augustus Pugin, and built between 1843 and 1844. The Grange is built in Gothic Revival style, Pugin intending it to be both a home and a manifesto for his architectural philosophy. Rescued from demolition by the Landmark Trust in 1997, the Grange is a Grade I listed building.

The house is notable for its influence, being described by Historic England as occupying "a crucial place in the development of C19 domestic architecture, in planning and style", and by Pugin's biographer Rosemary Hill as "a model for the English family home that was used in various ways by three generations of architects."
Behavior coding
Behavior coding, or behavioral coding, is a research method for evaluating questionnaire design and survey interviewer performance and interaction.

Behavior coding has three main uses:

Pretesting to assess respondent cognitive processing of survey questions

Detection of problematic survey interviewer behaviors

Interaction analysis to study how interviewer and respondent interact

Standardized codes are assigned to overt interviewer and/or respondent behaviors during the question and answer sequence in the survey interview, such as when the respondent asks for clarifications. The coding scheme is developed based on the research objective, but usually includes data collection-related variables such as question wording and interviewer styles. The coding is done using audio recordings of the interview, written transcripts of audio recordings, or via automated text analysis. Live interview coding is less practiced.

Questionnaire construction
Questionnaire construction refers to the design of a questionnaire to gather statistically useful information about a given topic. When properly constructed and responsibly administered, questionnaires can provide valuable data about any given subject.
WFPC-LP
WFPC-LP (105.3 FM) is a radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Franklin Pierce University. The station makes its home inside the Marlin Fitzwater Center for Communication in Rindge, New Hampshire.  This is a low power radio station run by students. WFPC-LP is a member of the Pierce Media Group.

Franklin Pierce University
Franklin Pierce University is a private university in Rindge, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded as Franklin Pierce College in 1962, combining a liberal arts foundation with coursework for professional preparation.

The school gained university status in 2007 and is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC). It has an enrollment of 1,400 students and overlooks Pearly Pond, a few miles from Mount Monadnock. The campus covers approximately 1,200 acres (4.9 km2). Kim Mooney has been president of Franklin Pierce University since 2016. The school also operates the College of Graduate and Professional Studies with campuses in Manchester, New Hampshire and Lebanon, New Hampshire, and Goodyear, Arizona. The college at Rindge houses three institutes: the Marlin Fitzwater Center for Communication; the Monadnock Institute of Nature, Place, and Culture; and the New England Center for Civic Life.
Udon Thani province
Udon Thani province (Thai/Northeastern Thai: อุดรธานี, Thai pronunciation: [ʔù.dɔ̄ːn tʰāː.nīː], Lao pronunciation: [ʔú.dɔ̀ːn tʰáː.níː]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) which lies in upper northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. It is bordered by the provinces of Nong Khai to the north, Sakon Nakhon to the east, Kalasin province to the southeast, Khon Kaen to the south, and Loei and Nong Bua Lamphu to the west. It occupies an area of 11,072 km2 (4,275 sq mi). The total forest area is 1,131 km2 (437 sq mi) or 10.2 percent of provincial area. The provincial capital is Udon Thani, the major city in the province.

Nong Bua Lamphu province
Nong Bua Lamphu (sometimes rendered Nongbua Lamphu and Nong Bua Lam Phu) (Thai: หนองบัวลำภู, RTGS: Nong Bua Lam Phu, pronounced [nɔ̌ːŋ būa lām pʰūː]; Northeastern Thai: หนองบัวลำภู, pronounced [nɔ̌ːŋ bùa lâm pʰûː]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northeastern Thailand, a region also known as Isan. The province was created in 1993 when five districts were split from Udon Thani province. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from North) Udon Thani, Khon Kaen, and Loei. Nong Bua Lamphu is one of the eight quadruply-landlocked Thai provinces, as its neighboring provinces are triply-landlocked.
Spring Garden-Terra Verde, Texas
Spring Garden-Terra Verde is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nueces County, Texas, United States. The population was 693 at the 2000 census.

Spring Garden-Terra Verde CDP split into the Spring Gardens CDP and the Tierra Verde CDP for the 2010 census.

Tierra Verde, Texas
Tierra Verde is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nueces County, Texas, United States. Its population was 277 at the 2010 census. Prior to the census, it was part of the Spring Garden-Terra Verde CDP.