hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Long Ashton
Long Ashton is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It falls within the unitary authority of North Somerset and is one of a number of large villages just outside the boundary of city of Bristol urban area. The parish has a population of 6,044. The parish includes the hamlet of Yanley, and the residential area of Leigh Woods (although most of the woods themselves are in the neighbouring parish of Abbots Leigh).

The village is built on the south-facing slopes of a valley running from east to west, and on the old road from Bristol to Weston-super-Mare.

North Somerset
North Somerset is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. The council is based in Weston-super-Mare, the area's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Clevedon, Nailsea and Portishead, along with a number of villages and surrounding rural areas. Some southern parts of the district fall within the Mendip Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The district was formed in 1974 as the Woodspring district of the county of Avon. Avon was abolished in 1996, when the district was renamed North Somerset and its council took on county-level functions from the abolished county council.

The district is on the coast, facing the Bristol Channel to the west. The neighbouring districts are Bristol, Bath and North East Somerset and Somerset.
Queen's Road East
Queen's Road East (Chinese: 皇后大道東; Jyutping: wong4 hau6 daai6 dou6 dung1) is a street in Wan Chai, in the north of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, connecting Admiralty in the west to Happy Valley in the east. Queen's Road East is one of the four sections of Queen's Road, and historically included Queensway.

Queensway, Hong Kong
Queensway (Chinese: 金鐘道; Jyutping: gam1 zung1 dou6) is a major road in the Admiralty area of Central, Hong Kong. It was originally a section of Queen's Road East and forms part of the continuum of Queen's Road that had been split into Queen's Road West, Queen's Road Central, Queensway, and Queen's Road East after World War II. At its western end it splits into Queen's Road Central and Des Voeux Road Central while at its eastern end it merges into Hennessy Road, at the junction with Queen's Road East.
Stephen of Perm
Stephen of Perm (Russian: Стефан Пермский, romanized: Stefan Permsky; Komi: Перымса Степан, romanized: Perymsa Stepan; c. 1340 – 26 April 1396) was a Russian Orthodox bishop, painter and missionary. He is known as being one of the most successful missionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church. Stephen is credited with the conversion of the Komi peoples to Christianity. He settled in Ust-Vym and became the first bishop of Perm in 1383.

Stephen also created the Old Permic script, which makes him the founding father of Permian written tradition. "The Enlightener of Perm" or the "Apostle of the Permians", as he is sometimes called, is commemorated by the Catholic and Orthodox Churches on 26 April. Epiphanius the Wise wrote about his life in The Life of Stephen of Perm.

Komi peoples
The Komi (Komi: комияс, romanized: komijas also коми-войтыр, komi-vojtyr) are a Permian ethnic group who are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit a region around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers in northeastern European Russia. They mostly reside in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Federation.
Waterloo Medal
The Waterloo Medal is a military decoration that was conferred upon every officer, non-commissioned officer and soldier of the British Army (including members of the King's German Legion) who took part in one or more of the following battles: Ligny (16 June 1815), Quatre Bras (16 June 1815) and Waterloo (18 June 1815).

Army Gold Medal
The Army Gold Medal (1808–1814), also known as the Peninsular Gold Medal, with an accompanying Gold Cross, was a British campaign medal awarded in recognition of field and general officers' successful commands in campaigns, predominantly the Peninsular War.  It was not a general medal, since it was issued only to officers whose status was no less than that of battalion commander or equivalent.
Nagato Province
Nagato Province (長門国, Nagato no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɡa.to (no kɯ.ɲi), naꜜ.ŋa-]), often called Chōshū (長州, [tɕoꜜː.ɕɯː]), was a province of Japan. It was at the extreme western end of Honshū, in the area that is today Yamaguchi Prefecture. Nagato bordered on Iwami and Suō Provinces.

Iwami Province
Iwami Province (石見国, Iwami no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [iꜜ.wa.mʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was an old province of Japan in the area that is today the western part of Shimane Prefecture. It was sometimes called Sekishū (石州). Iwami bordered Aki, Bingo, Izumo, Nagato, and Suō provinces.

In the Heian period (794–1192) the capital was at modern-day Hamada. 
In the Kamakura period (1192–1333) the Masuda clan belonged to the Minamoto clan (Genji) and conquered Iwami Province. From the sixteenth century onwards, it played an important role in East Asia's economic history as a major silver source.
Gorey, Jersey
Gorey (French: Gouray; Jèrriais: Gouôrray) is a village in the parishes of St Martin and Grouville, vingtaines of Faldouet and Marais, on the east coast of Jersey. The harbour is one of the three main harbours of the island, and is located in St Martin. The main centre of the village is located at Gorey Pier near Mont Orgeuil Castle, a 13th-century fortification, in St Martin, while there is a small community with a few shops and restaurants. The church in the village is known as Gouray Church.

Mont Orgueil
Mont Orgueil (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ ɔʁɡœj]; French for 'Mount Pride') is a castle in Jersey that overlooks the harbour of Gorey; a port on the east coast of the Island. It is known as Gorey Castle by English-speakers, and the "Old Castle" (lé Vièr Châté) by Jèrriais-speakers. The castle was first referred to as 'Mont Orgeuil' in an ordnance survey made in 1462, when the castle was under French occupation in the Late Middle Ages.: 38  The castle was the seat of royal authority on Jersey throughout the medieval period and served as the main fortress on the Island until the construction of Elizabeth Castle in 1594. It is classified as a Grade I listed building.
2018 Westminster City Council election
The 2018 Westminster City Council election was held on 3 May 2018, the same day as other London Boroughs. All 60 seats were up for election along with the 12 seats of Queen's Park Community Council, the parish council in the north west of the city. Despite initial expectations of Labour gains across the borough, the Conservative party were able to hold the council and only lost three seats. The Conservatives won the popular vote across the borough by a small margin of 923 votes (1.7%), but nonetheless won a decisive victory in terms of seats, winning 41 councillors to Labour's 19.

The Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats all ran full slates of 60 candidates. There were also candidates from the Greens, as well as three from the Campaign Against Pedestrianisation of Oxford Street.

The count took place in Lindley Hall and ran overnight.

Queen's Park Community Council
Queen's Park Community Council (QPCC) is the parish council for the civil parish of Queen's Park in the City of Westminster. The council was the first to be formed in Greater London and remains the only one. It was established on 1 April 2014 following a referendum of residents in 2012. Elections to the community council are held every four years and coincide with Westminster City Council elections. The first election of 12 councillors from four wards took place on 22 May 2014. The chair of the council is Eartha Pond.
Lyonia (journal)
Lyonia was an electronic, peer-reviewed interdisciplinary scientific journal published by the Harold L. Lyon Arboretum and stored in the ScholarSpace digital institutional repository of the University of Hawaii at Manoa library. The journal was dedicated to the distribution of original ecological research and how it may be implemented in environmental protection. Papers published in Lyonia covered a range of disciplines including ecology, biology, anthropology, economics, law, etc. that pertain to conservation, management, sustainable development, and education in mountain and island settings. The journal was particularly interested in the mountain forests in tropical areas. Lyonia was first published in March 1974 and continued until December 1989.

Lyon Arboretum
The Harold L. Lyon Arboretum is a 200-acre (0.8 km2) arboretum and botanical garden managed by the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa located at the upper end of Mānoa Valley in Hawaiʻi.

Much of the Arboretum's botanical collection consists of an artificial lowland tropical rainforest with numerous trails and small water features.
Maghrebi Arabs
Maghrebi Arabs (Arabic: العرب المغاربة, romanized: al-‘Arab al-Maghāriba) or North African Arabs (Arabic: عرب شمال أفريقيا, romanized: ‘Arab Shamāl Ifrīqiyā) are the inhabitants of the Maghreb region of North Africa whose ethnic identity is Arab, whose native language is Arabic and trace their ancestry to the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. This ethnic identity is a product of the centuries-long Arab migration to the Maghreb since the 7th century, which changed the demographic scope of the Maghreb and was a major factor in the ethnic, linguistic and cultural Arabization of the Maghreb region. The descendants of the original Arab settlers who continue to speak Arabic as a first language currently form the single largest population group in North Africa.

Maghrebis
Maghrebis or Maghrebians (Arabic: المغاربيون, romanized: al-Maghāribiyyun) are the inhabitants of the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is a modern Arabic term meaning "Westerners", denoting their location in the western part of the Arab world. Maghrebis are predominantly of Arab and Berber origins.
Attempted assassination of Andrew Jackson
On January 30, 1835, Andrew Jackson, the 7th president of the United States, survived an assassination attempt outside of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. while returning to the White House from a funeral. Richard Lawrence, a British-American unemployed house painter, approached Jackson and attempted to shoot him, but both of Lawrence's pistols misfired. Jackson charged Lawrence and beat him with his walking cane before Lawrence was taken into custody. This is the first known attempted assassination of a U.S. president.

After the assassination attempt, Lawrence was found not guilty by reason of insanity. He was institutionalized in an insane asylum for the remainder of his life. Jackson, aged 67 at the time of the assault, served for over two more years as president before completing his term in office.

Richard Lawrence (failed assassin)
Richard Lawrence (c. 1800 – June 13, 1861) was a British-born American unemployed house painter who was the first known person to attempt the assassination of a sitting president of the United States. Lawrence attempted to shoot President Andrew Jackson outside the United States Capitol on January 30, 1835, however both of his pistols misfired and he was taken into custody. At trial, Lawrence was found not guilty by reason of insanity and spent the remainder of his life in insane asylums.
Erzhu Tianguang
Erzhu Tianguang (simplified Chinese: 尔朱天光; traditional Chinese: 爾朱天光; pinyin: Ěrzhū Tiānguāng) (496 – 29 August 532) was a general of the Xianbei-led Chinese Northern Wei dynasty. He became a major general during the reign of Emperor Xiaozhuang, when his father's cousin Erzhu Rong was the paramount general of the state.  He was renowned for pacifying the Guanzhong region, which had been seized by agrarian rebel generals Moqi Chounu and Wang Qingyun (王慶雲) in 530.  He thereafter tried to maintain a relatively distant profile from the other Erzhu clan members, particularly after Emperor Xiaozhuang killed Erzhu Rong later in 530 and then was overthrown and killed by Erzhu Rong's nephew Erzhu Zhao and cousin Erzhu Shilong.  In 532, after the other Erzhus had suffered defeats at the hand of the rebelling general Gao Huan, Erzhu Tianguang tried to come to their aid, but was also defeated by another general who rebelled, Husi Chun, and Gao executed him.

Erzhu Zhao
Erzhu Zhao (爾朱兆) (died c.February 533), courtesy name Wanren (萬仁), Xianbei name Tumo'er (吐沒兒), was a general of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China. He was ethnically Xiongnu and a nephew of the paramount general Erzhu Rong.  After Erzhu Rong was killed by Emperor Xiaozhuang, Erzhu Zhao came to prominence by defeating, capturing, and killing Emperor Xiaozhuang.  Subsequently, however, his general Gao Huan rebelled against him, defeating him and overthrowing the Erzhu regime in 532, capturing and killing most members of the Erzhu clan. Erzhu Zhao himself tried to hold out, but was again defeated by Gao in February 533 and committed suicide.
23d Marine Regiment (United States)
The 23d Marine Regiment (23d Marines) is a reserve infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps.  It is headquartered in San Bruno, California and falls under the command of the 4th Marine Division and the Marine Forces Reserve.

The regiment comprises twenty units which are geographically dispersed throughout eight states from California to Alabama.  The regiment consists of Marine reservists, active duty Marines and active duty Navy personnel.  The regimental headquarters is located in San Bruno, California.

4th Marine Division (United States)
The 4th Marine Division is a reserve division in the United States Marine Corps. It was raised in 1943 for service during World War II, and subsequently fought in the Pacific against the Japanese. Deactivated after the war, the division was re-formed in 1966 and elements of the division deployed during the Gulf War in 1990–1991, as well as during the Iraq War. It is currently the ground combat element of the Marine Forces Reserve and is headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana, and has units throughout the United States.
BHP Whyalla Tramway
The BHP Whyalla Tramway is a 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge heavy-haul railway, 112 kilometres (70 miles) long, on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It runs from haematite mines at Iron Monarch, Iron Baron and Iron Duke in the Middleback Range, about 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Whyalla, to company steelworks at the coastal city of Whyalla. Opened in 1901, it was built by, and until 2000 operated by, BHP. As of 2021 it was owned by Liberty Steel Group and operated on its behalf by rail operator One Rail Australia, which was sold in 2022 to Aurizon.

Whyalla
Whyalla /waɪˈælə/ is a city in South Australia. It was founded as Hummock's Hill, and was known by that name until 1916. It is the fourth most populous city in the Australian state of South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, and Gawler, and along with Port Pirie and Port Augusta is one of the three towns to make up the "Iron Triangle".  It is a seaport located on the east coast of the Eyre Peninsula and is known as the "Steel City" due to its integrated steelworks and shipbuilding heritage. The Whyalla Steelworks is the major employer in the town, and has in February 2025 been put into voluntary administration by the Government of South Australia. The port of Whyalla has been exporting iron ore since 1903.
Warwick
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Warwickshire in the Warwick District in England, adjacent to the River Avon. It is 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is adjoined with Leamington Spa and Whitnash.

Warwick has ancient origins and an array of historic buildings, notably from the Medieval, Stuart and Georgian eras. It was a major fortified settlement from the early Middle Ages, the most notable relic of this period being Warwick Castle, a major tourist attraction. Much was destroyed in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 and then rebuilt with fine 18th century buildings, such as the Collegiate Church of St Mary and the Shire Hall. The population was estimated at 36,665 at the 2021 Census.

Shire Hall, Warwick
Shire Hall is a building complex located in Northgate Street in Warwick, England. It is the main office and the meeting place of Warwickshire County Council. It comprises both the original Shire Hall of 1758 and the more recent adjoining county council offices, both of which are Grade I listed buildings.
Earth–Life Science Institute
Earth–Life Science Institute (ELSI) is an established independent permanent scientific research institute based at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (now Institute of Science Tokyo) in Japan. ELSI employs more than 70 scientists in disciplines ranging from astrophysics to biology, who perform collaborative research on the broad connections between the origin and evolution of planets and life.

Institute of Science Tokyo
The Institute of Science Tokyo (東京科学大学, Tōkyō kagaku daigaku; branded as Science Tokyo) is a public research university in Tokyo, Japan. It was officially established on 1 October 2024, by a merger between the Tokyo Institute of Technology and Tokyo Medical and Dental University. The main campus is located in Ookayama, Meguro, with satellite campuses in Yokohama, Minato-ku, Bunkyo-ku, and Ichikawa.
John Michael Kohler
John Michael Kohler II (November 3, 1844 – November 5, 1900) was an Austrian American immigrant, industrialist, and politician.  He most notably founded and led the Kohler Company and served as the 27th mayor of Sheboygan, Wisconsin.  He was the patriarch of the Kohler family of Wisconsin.

The John Michael Kohler Arts Center, which occupies a square block in downtown Sheboygan (containing Kohler's restored Gilded Age home along with modern buildings), is named for Kohler, as is John Michael Kohler State Park, established on land donated in 1966 by the Kohler family. The main highway into Sheboygan, Kohler Memorial Drive (which is routed as Wisconsin Highway 23), is also named for Kohler.

Kohler Co.
Kohler Co., is an American manufacturing company founded in 1873 by John Michael Kohler, based in Kohler, Wisconsin.  Kohler is best known for its plumbing products, but the company also manufactures furniture, cabinetry, tile, engines, and generators. Destination Kohler also owns various hospitality establishments in the United States and Scotland. In February 2017, Kohler Co. acquired UK-based Clarke Energy from the management team and ECI Partners, a multinational specialist in the engineering, construction, installation, and maintenance of engine-based power plants and an authorized distributor of GE's reciprocating engines in 19 countries worldwide. In November 2023, it was announced that Kohler is establishing the Energy group independently and would be bought in a complex partnership with private equity group Platinum Equity; the deal is slated to close in Q1 2024 and rebranded as Rehlko, an anagram of Kohler.
Archi people
The Archi people (Archi: аршишттиб, arshishttib, Lezgian: Арчияр, archiyar) are an ethnic group who live in eight villages in southern Dagestan, Russia. Archib is the 'parent village' of these, because three months a year the whole community used to reassemble in Archi to engage in communal work. Their culture is one of the most distinct and best-preserved of all the cultures of Dagestan.

They have a total population of about 1,200, and speak their own language. Their habitat is about 2,000 meters above sea level in the Kara-Koisu basin in the Caucasus.

Archi language
Archi (/ɑːrˈtʃiː/ ar-CHEE) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Archis in the village of Archib, southern Dagestan, Russia, and the six surrounding smaller villages.

It is unusual for its many phonemes and for its contrast between several voiceless velar lateral fricatives, /𝼄, 𝼄ʷ, 𝼄ː, 𝼄ʷː/, tenuis and ejective velar lateral affricates, /k͡𝼄, k͡𝼄ʷ, k͡𝼄ʼ, k͡𝼄ʷʼ/, and a voiced velar lateral fricative, /ʟ̝/. It is an ergative–absolutive language with four noun classes and has a morphological system with irregularities on all levels. Mathematically, there are 1,502,839 possible forms that can be derived from a single verb root.
François Bégaudeau
François Bégaudeau (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa beɡodo]; born 27 April 1971) is a French novelist and essayist. He is best known for co-writing and starring in The Class (2008), a film based on his 2006 semi-autobiographical novel Entre les murs. The film won the Palme d'Or at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film in 2009.

The Class (2008 film)
The Class (French: Entre les murs, lit. 'Between the walls') is a 2008 French drama film directed by Laurent Cantet, based on the 2006 novel of the same name by François Bégaudeau. The novel is a semi-autobiographical account of Bégaudeau's experiences as a French language and literature teacher in a middle school in the 20th arrondissement of Paris, particularly illuminating his struggles with "problem children": Esmerelda (Esmeralda Ouertani), Khoumba (Rachel Regulier), and Souleymane (Franck Keïta). The film stars Bégaudeau himself in the role of the teacher.

The film received a unanimous Palme d'Or at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, making it the first French film to do so since 1987, when Maurice Pialat won the award for  Under the Sun of Satan. The Class was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but lost to Departures.
Lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, i.e. a model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine (and vice versa). It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics. In 1936, Church found a formulation which was logically consistent, and documented it in 1940.

Function application
In mathematics, function application is the act of applying a function to an argument from its domain so as to obtain the corresponding value from its range. In this sense, function application can be thought of as the opposite of function abstraction.
Jerry Tuttle (Canadian football)
Gerald Richard Tuttle (March 6, 1926 – April 25, 2006) was an American professional football quarterback who played in the Ontario Rugby Football Union and Western Interprovincial Football Union. He played college football at Kent State University.

Kent State Golden Flashes football
The Kent State Golden Flashes football team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference East division, and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The Golden Flashes played their first game in 1920 and since 1969 have played their home games at Dix Stadium. Kent State is coached by head coach Mark Carney.
West Calder High School
West Calder High School is a secondary school in West Calder, West Lothian, Scotland. The current school building was officially opened in 2018 by former Prime Minister Gordon Brown, the UN's Special Envoy for Global Education.

West Calder
West Calder (Scots: Wast Cauder, Scottish Gaelic: Caladar an Iar) is a village in the council area of West Lothian, Scotland, located four miles west of Livingston. Historically it is within the County of Midlothian. The village was an important centre in the oil shale industry in the 19th and 20th centuries. West Calder has its own railway station.

The surrounding villages that take West Calder's name in their address - Polbeth, Addiewell, Loganlea, Harburn and Westwood - outline the area that this village encompasses, and they all have played an important part in the history of the village as well as West Lothian. The village is a 10-minute drive from Livingston, which is host to two large shopping centres. The village lies along the ridge above the Calder burn.