hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sudanese Universities Information Network
The Sudanese Research and Education Network (SudREN), formerly known as the Sudanese Universities Information Network (SUIN), is the national research and education network in Sudan. In 2004, SUIN was first founded and developed under the umbrella of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.  Since the beginning of October 2009, SUIN has been operational under the umbrella of the Association of Sudanese Universities, which is a non-governmental organization (NGO) body for all tertiary education and research institutions in Sudan. An MoU was signed between thirty universities (ASU members), with a main objective to support the establishment of SUIN as a legal independent body.

National research and education network
A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

In recent years, with the widespread availability of high-speed internet services, their importance has diminished, although many NRENs have expanded their remit of services to include areas such as trust and identity, security, automation, and cloud offerings, while others have evolved into fully fledged digital transformation agencies for their respective national governments.
Engadine Line
The Engadine Line is an over 50-kilometre (30 mi) long strike-slip fault in the Swiss canton of Graubünden, which extends into Italy and Austria. It runs along the Engadine Valley (which formed on the fault) and the Bregaglia Valley and offsets Austroalpine and Penninic units in a sinistral direction. The western end of the fault appears to peter out into ductile deformation in the Bregaglia Valley or continues as the Gruf Line to the southwest; the eastern end is buried by the Ötztal tectonic block and may continue as the "Inntal fault", "Isar fault" or "Loisach fault".

Total offset along the Engadine Line is about 4–20 kilometres (2–12 mi), decreasing southwest. It began in the Oligocene, but there is evidence of recent neotectonic activity, which resulted in the collapse of the Maloja Pass area at the beginning of the Holocene. Seismic activity occurs along the Engadine Line, and springs and carbon dioxide exhalations in the Engadine are linked to the fault.

Engadin
The Engadin or Engadine (Romansh: Engiadina [eɲdʑɐˈdiːnɐ] ⓘ; German: Engadin [ˈɛŋɡadiːn] ⓘ or [ɛŋɡaˈdiːn] ⓘ; Italian: Engadina; French: Engadine) is a long high Alpine valley region in the eastern Swiss Alps in the canton of Graubünden in southeasternmost Switzerland with about 25,000 inhabitants. It follows the route of the Inn (Romansh: En) from its headwaters at Maloja Pass in the southwest running roughly northeast until the Inn flows into Austria, little less than one hundred kilometers downstream. The En/Inn subsequently flows at Passau into the Danube, making it the only Swiss river to drain into the Black Sea. The Engadine is protected by high mountain ranges on all sides and is famous for its sunny climate, beautiful landscapes and outdoor activities.
Lake Mweru
Lake Mweru (also spelled Mwelu, Mwero)  (French: Lac Moero, Swahili: Ziwa Mweru) is a freshwater lake on the longest arm of Africa's second-longest river, the Congo. Located on the border between Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo, it makes up 110 kilometres (68 mi) of the total length of the Congo, lying between its Luapula River (upstream) and Luvua River (downstream) segments.

Mweru means 'lake' in a number of Bantu languages, so it is often referred to as just 'Mweru'.

Luvua River
The Luvua River (or Lowa River) (Swahili: Mto Luvua) is a river in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It flows from the northern end of Lake Mweru on the Zambia-Congo border in a northwesterly direction for 350 kilometres (220 mi) to its confluence with the Lualaba River opposite the town of Ankoro. The Lualaba becomes the Congo River below the Boyoma Falls.
Peter, Constable of Portugal
Peter of Coimbra (also known as Peter the Constable) (Portuguese: Pedro, pronounced [ˈpeðɾu]; c. 1429 – Granollers, 30 June 1466), sometimes known as Peter V of Aragon or the Intruder King (el Rey Intruso), was the son of Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra, who became the fifth Constable of Portugal and third Grand Master of the Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz. The Consell de Cent later granted Peter the Crown of Aragon, which he claimed from 1463 to 1466 in opposition to John II. His status as king of Aragon, however, along with that of John II's other challengers, is disputed.

Peter, Duke of Coimbra
Dom Peter, Duke of Coimbra, KG (Portuguese: Pedro Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾu]; 9 December 1392 – 20 May 1449) was a Portuguese infante (prince) of the House of Aviz, son of King Dom John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt. In Portugal, he is known as Infante Dom Pedro das Sete Partidas [do Mundo], "of the Seven Parts [of the World]" because of his travels. Possibly the best-travelled prince of his time, he was regent between 1439 and 1448. He was also 1st Lord of Montemor-o-Velho, Aveiro, Tentúgal, Cernache, Pereira, Condeixa and Lousã.
Washabo
Washabo is a town in Suriname, located in the Kabalebo resort of Sipaliwini district. The town lies on a bend in the Corantijn river (Courantyne), on the border with Guyana. Washabo is an indigenous village of the Lokono tribe near Apoera. It has a population of about 600 people. According to the oral tradition, the village was founded in the 1920s by the Lingaard family.

The village generally does not allow non-tribal people to live in their village unless they are married to a member of the tribe. Washabo has a clinic and a school. Washabo can be reached from an unpaved road from the Southern East-West Link. The Washabo Airport is located in the village. Up to 1995, the villages of Apoera, Washabo and Section were governed by the same village chief due to their close proximity.

Apoera
Apoera, also Apura, is a town in western Suriname. The village has a population of 777 people as of 2020. It owns the community of Tropica. It is the final destination of the Southern East-West Link. 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-west on the other side of the Courantyne River lies the Guyanese village of Orealla. The village is home to the Lokono tribe, but has been westernized. Due to the influx of people of Guyana, the languages used are English, and Sranan Tongo. Dutch is rarely spoken and the native language has all but disappeared. According to the oral tradition, Apoera was founded around 1920 by the Gordon family.
Zygomaticofacial nerve
The zygomaticofacial nerve (or zygomaticofacial branch of zygomatic nerve or malar branch of zygomatic nerve) is a cutaneous (sensory) branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V2) that arises within the orbit. The zygomaticofacial nerve penetrates the inferolateral angle of the orbit, emerging into the face through: 631  the zygomaticofacial foramen,: 615  then penetrates the orbicularis oculi muscle to reach: 631  and innervate the skin of the prominence of the cheek.: 631

Maxillary nerve
In neuroanatomy, the maxillary nerve (V2) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve.  It comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxilla, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of the mid-face, and is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic nerve and the mandibular nerve.
LG Prada 3.0
LG Prada 3.0 (also branded as Prada phone by LG 3.0) is the third and final smartphone in the LG Prada phone series. It is the successor to the LG Prada II and the LG Prada.

The device was marketed as a premium high-spec limited-production luxury phone on the weight of its Prada branding. LG and Prada featured a number of celebrities in their marketing campaign for the phone.

LG Prada
The PRADA Phone by LG (KE850), better known as the LG Prada, is a touchscreen mobile phone made by LG Electronics, created in collaboration with Italian luxury designer Prada. It was first announced on 12 December 2006 and was made official in a press release on 18 January 2007.

The Prada was the first mobile device with a capacitive touchscreen, thus not requiring the use of a stylus. Its black minimalist look, designed by Kang-Heui Cha, was an evolution of LG's popular Chocolate.

The LG Prada was announced shortly before Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced the iPhone on 9 January 2007. After the release of the iPhone the head of the LG Mobile Handset R&D Center was quoted saying he believed Apple had stolen the idea from the Prada after it was announced as part of the iF Design Award, where it won a prize in September 2006.
Nihonmatsu Domain
Nihonmatsu Domain (二本松藩, Nihonmatsu-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in southern Mutsu Province. It was centered on Nihonmatsu Castle in what is now the city of Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, and its territory included all of Nihonmatsu, Motomiya, Ōtama and most of the present-day city of Kōriyama. For most of its history it was ruled by the Niwa clan. The Nihonmatsu Domain was also the scene of a major battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration.

Nihonmatsu Castle
Nihonmatsu Castle (二本松城, Nihonmatsu-jō) is a Japanese castle located in what is now the city of Nihonmatsu, northern Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Throughout most of the Edo period, Nihonmatsu Castle was home to the Niwa clan, daimyō of Nihonmatsu Domain. The castle was also known as "Kasumi-ga-jō" (霞ヶ城) or "Shirahata-jō" (白旗城). The castle is one of the 100 Fine Castles of Japan, and in 2007 was designated a National Historic Site. The castle grounds are also a noted venue for viewing sakura in spring.
Shaq–Kobe feud
The Shaq–Kobe feud was the conflict between National Basketball Association (NBA) players Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, who played together for the Los Angeles Lakers from 1996–2004.

O'Neal and Bryant won three consecutive NBA championships (2000, 2001, 2002), and made an additional NBA Finals appearance in 2004. O'Neal was the NBA Finals MVP in each of their victories. Personal differences and arguments over their respective roles on the Lakers were followed by a trade that sent O'Neal to the Miami Heat while Bryant was re-signed as a free agent by the Lakers. Lakers head coach Phil Jackson wrote a 2004 book, The Last Season: A Team in Search of Its Soul, reflecting on the troubles Bryant and O'Neal had during their last season together.

2002 NBA Finals
The 2002 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 2001–02 season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. In a best-of-seven series, the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers swept the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets to win their third consecutive championship. The Lakers became the first team since the Chicago Bulls to achieve a three-peat in NBA history. Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring, tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time. During the series, he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156. Shaquille O'Neal of the Lakers was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) for the third consecutive year, after dominant performances averaging 36.3 points, 12.3 rebounds, and 2.8 blocks per game. This was the last Finals to date to be broadcast by NBC, as ABC would acquire the broadcast rights starting in 2003.
2024 Asia Rugby Women's Championship
The 2024 Asia Rugby Women's Championship was the 13th edition of the Asia Rugby Women's Championship, it will take place from 22 May to 1 June 2024 and will be hosted in Hong Kong. The champion will qualify for the 2024 WXV 2 and the 2025 Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments. The runner-up will qualify for the 2024 WXV 3 and will have a chance of qualifying for the 2025 World Cup as the remaining six places will be awarded to the highest-finishing teams in WXV who have not qualified through the 2021 Rugby World Cup and the regional tournaments.

Japan secured their sixth Asia Rugby Women's Championship title and qualification for both the 2025 Women's Rugby World Cup and the 2024 WXV 2 tournaments. Hong Kong's hopes of making the World Cup were kept alive after they defeated Kazakhstan and earned a spot in WXV 3.

2024 WXV
The 2024 WXV was the second edition of WXV, a Women's international rugby union group tournament for national teams organised by World Rugby. It took place between 27 September and 13 October 2024. The competition featured three divisions of six nations each. Participating teams were determined by regional competitions and play-in/play-off matches.

Canada hosted the first-division WXV 1, South Africa hosted the second-division WXV 2, and the United Arab Emirates hosted the third-division WXV 3.

England, Australia and Spain respectively won their competitions by all going unbeaten.
Kahreh
Kahreh (Persian: كهره) is a village in, and a former capital of, Guran Rural District of the Central District of Holeylan County, Ilam province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Towhid, now a city. Its capital has been transferred to the village of Shiravand.

Guran Rural District
Guran Rural District (Persian: دهستان گوران) is in the Central District of Holeylan County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shiravand. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kahreh. Prior to this, its capital was the village of Towhid, now a city.
First Saturdays Devotion
The First Saturdays Devotion, also called the Communion of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, is a Catholic devotion which, according to Lúcia dos Santos, was requested by the Virgin Mary during the apparitions of Our Lady of Fátima in Fátima, Portugal, on 13 May 1917, as well as during apparitions in Pontevedra, Spain, on 10 December 1925 and February 15, 1926.

The purpose of this devotion is to perform acts of reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and a promise of assistance at the hour of death by Mary was reportedly attached to this devotion during the Pontevedra apparitions.

The First Saturdays devotion was approved by José Alves Correia da Silva, the bishop of Leiria-Fátima, on September 13, 1939 in Fátima.

Immaculate Heart of Mary
The Immaculate Heart of Mary (Latin: Cor Immaculatum Mariae) is a Catholic devotion which refers to the view of the interior life of Mary, her joys and sorrows, her virtues and hidden perfections, and, above all, her virginal love for God the Father, her maternal love for her son Jesus Christ, and her motherly and compassionate love for all mankind. Traditionally, the Immaculate Heart is depicted pierced with seven swords or wounds, in homage to the seven dolors of Mary and roses, usually red or white, wrapped around the heart.

The Eastern Catholic Churches occasionally utilize the image, devotion, and theology associated with the Immaculate Heart of Mary. However, this is a cause of some controversy, some seeing it as a form of Liturgical Latinisation. The Catholic view is based on their understanding of certain verses of scripture, particularly the Gospel of Luke.
Markaz Knowledge City
Markaz Knowledge City is a private, planned city built near Kozhikode in Kerala. The foundation stone for the project was laid by Taj-ul Ulama Sayyid Abdurrahman Albukhari on 24 December 2012. Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad is the chairman of the city and Abdul Hakeem Azhari is its managing director.

Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar (born 22 March 1939), officially known as Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad, is an Indian Islamic scholar and the current Grand Mufti of India. He is General Secretary of the All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama (the Indian Muslim Scholars Association) and General Secretary of Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama of AP Sunnis.
Flashsort
Flashsort is a distribution sorting algorithm showing linear computational complexity O(n) for uniformly distributed data sets and relatively little additional memory requirement. The original work was published in 1998 by Karl-Dietrich Neubert.

Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.

Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:

The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).

The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.

Although some algorithms are designed for sequential access, the highest-performing algorithms assume data is stored in a data structure which allows random access.
Aerojet
Aerojet was an American rocket and missile propulsion manufacturer based primarily in Rancho Cordova, California, with divisions in Redmond, Washington, Orange and Gainesville in Virginia, and Camden, Arkansas. Aerojet was owned by GenCorp, Inc., In 2013, Aerojet was merged by GenCorp with the former Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne to form Aerojet Rocketdyne.

Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) was an American company that designed and produced rocket engines that use liquid propellants. It was a division of Pratt & Whitney, a fully owned subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation. It was headquartered in Canoga Park, Los Angeles, California. In 2013, the company was sold to GenCorp,Inc., becoming part of Aerojet Rocketdyne.
Phomoxanthone
The phomoxanthones are a loosely defined class of natural products. The two founding members of this class are phomoxanthone A and phomoxanthone B. Other compounds were later also classified as phomoxanthones, although a unifying nomenclature has not yet been established. The structure of all phomoxanthones is derived from a dimer of two covalently linked tetrahydroxanthones, and they differ mainly in the position of this link as well as in the acetylation status of their hydroxy groups. The phomoxanthones are structurally closely related to other tetrahydroxanthone dimers such as the secalonic acids and the eumitrins. While most phomoxanthones were discovered in fungi of the genus Phomopsis, most notably in the species Phomopsis longicolla, some have also been found in Penicillium sp.

Phomoxanthone B
The mycotoxin phomoxanthone B, or PXB for short, is a toxic natural product. It is a less toxic isomer of phomoxanthone A and one of the two founding members of the class of phomoxanthone compounds. The phomoxanthones are named after the fungus Phomopsis, from which they were first isolated, and after their xanthonoid structure. Chemically, they are dimers of two tetrahydroxanthones that are covalently linked to each other. PXB itself is a homodimer of two identical diacetylated tetrahydroxanthones. The position of the link between the two tetrahydroxanthones is the only structural difference between PXB and its isomers PXA and dicerandrol C: In PXA, the two xanthonoid monomers are symmetrically linked at C-4,4’, while in PXB, they are asymmetrically linked at C-2,4’, and in dicerandrol C, they are symmetrically linked at C-2,2’.
Ōu Main Line
The Ōu Main Line (Japanese: 奥羽本線, Hepburn: Ōu-honsen) is a railway line in Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Fukushima Station through Akita Station to Aomori Station. Since the opening of the Yamagata Shinkansen on July 1, 1992, the Fukushima–Yamagata section (as well as the Yamagata–Shinjō section since 1999) is sometimes referred to as the Yamagata Line (山形線, Yamagata-sen). The name of the line as a whole refers to the ancient provinces of Mutsu (陸奥) and Dewa (出羽), as it connects both ends of Mutsu by passing north–south through Dewa.

Yamagata Shinkansen
The Yamagata Shinkansen (Japanese: 山形新幹線) is a mini-Shinkansen route in Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It provides service between Tokyo and Shinjō in Yamagata Prefecture over the tracks of the Tōhoku Shinkansen and the Ōu Main Line.

The term Yamagata Shinkansen refers to the segment that connects Fukushima and Shinjō. Because the Shinkansen trains share tracks with local trains running on conventional lines it is often referred to as a "mini-Shinkansen".
Ralph Mupita
Ralph Tendai Mupita is a Zimbabwe-born engineer, businessman, and corporate executive, whose appointment as group president and chief executive of MTN Group with effect from 1 September 2020 was announced on 19 August 2020. Prior to that he served as the MTN Group's chief financial officer from April 2017 until August 2020.

MTN Group
MTN Group Limited (formerly M-Cell) is a South African multinational corporation and mobile telecommunications provider. Its head office is in Johannesburg. MTN is among the largest mobile network operators in the world, and the largest in Africa.

In October 2025 MTN announced it had surpassed 300 million customers, the first African-headquartered telco to reach that milestone, making it the sixth-largest in the world by subscriber count. It has a footprint in sixteen countries in Africa and the Middle East.
Steven Strogatz
Steven Henry Strogatz (/ˈstroʊɡæts/; born August 13, 1959) is an American mathematician and author, and the Susan and Barton Winokur Distinguished Professor for the Public Understanding of Science and Mathematics at Cornell University.
He is known for his work on nonlinear systems, including contributions to the study of synchronization in dynamical systems, and his research in a variety of areas of applied mathematics, including mathematical biology and complex network theory. With Duncan Watts, he developed the Watts–Strogatz model to explain how nodes in a small-world network have in average a small number of degrees of separation.

Strogatz is the co-host of Quanta Magazine's The Joy of Why podcast. He previously hosted The Joy of x podcast. His published books include Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, Sync, The Joy of x, The Calculus of Friendship, and Infinite Powers.

Duncan J. Watts
Duncan James Watts (born February 20, 1971) is a computational social scientist and a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. He was formerly a principal researcher at Microsoft Research in New York City, and is known for his work on small-world networks.
Heitstrenging
Heitstrenging (pl. heitstrengingar) is an Old Norse practice of swearing of a solemn oath to perform a future action. They were often performed at Yule and other large social events, where they played a role in establishing and maintaining good relationships principally between members of the aristocratic warrior elite. The oath-swearing practice varied significantly, sometimes involving ritualised drinking or placing hands on a holy pig (referred to as a sónargöltr) that could later be sacrificed. While originally containing heathen religious components such as prayers and worship of gods such as Freyr and Thor, the practice continued in an altered manner after the Christianisation of Scandinavia.

Close similarities have been noted between heitstrengingar and Anglo-Saxon oath-swearing and boasting practices such as the beot, with both involving promises to accomplish tasks that would bring great honour if achieved.

Sonargöltr
The sonargǫltr or sónargǫltr was the boar sacrificed as part of the celebration of Yule in Germanic paganism, on whose bristles solemn vows were made in some forms of a tradition known as heitstrenging.