hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lilly Reale
Lilly Ann Reale (born August 12, 2003) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Gotham FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and the United States national team.

Reale played college soccer for the UCLA Bruins, winning the 2022 national championship and earning first-team All-American honors twice. She was named the Pac-12 or Big Ten Defender of the Year three times. She began her professional career with Gotham FC in 2025, winning the NWSL Championship and NWSL Rookie of the Year.

Reale represented the United States at the youth international level, appearing at the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, before making her senior debut and being named the U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year in 2025.

2025 NWSL Championship
The 2025 NWSL Championship was the 12th edition of the NWSL Championship, the championship match of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), and took place on November 22, 2025. Gotham FC won 1–0 against the Washington Spirit to become NWSL champions for the second time. The match was played at PayPal Park in San Jose, California.
Tramway Museum, St Kilda
The Tramway Museum, St Kilda is Australia's principal museum of the 19th and 20th century trams of Adelaide, South Australia. It is situated at St Kilda, 24 kilometres (10 miles) north of the centre of Adelaide. It is operated by the Australian Electric Transport Museum (SA) Inc., a not-for-profit volunteer organisation affiliated with the Council of Tramway Museums of Australasia. It is dedicated to the study, conservation and restoration of trams that were used in Adelaide or built there, and likewise with a small bus and trolleybus collection.Trams provide unlimited free rides for visitors on payment of the entrance fee. They operate along a 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mile) purpose-built track between the museum and a large adventure playground.

Tram types in Adelaide
This article describes the tram types in Adelaide that have operated for the past 147 years: from early days when they undertook a major share of the public transport task before car ownership was well established; through the 49-year period when only one tram line operated; to the city's 21st-century tramways revival.
Konstancin-Jeziorna
Konstancin-Jeziorna [kɔnˈstaɲt͡ɕin jɛˈʑɔrna] is a spa town in Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 17,566 inhabitants (as of March 2011, according to GUS). It is located about 20 km (12 mi) south of downtown Warsaw and is a part of the Warsaw metropolitan area.

The town was created in 1969 through combining neighbouring towns: holiday resort Skolimów-Konstancin and industrial Jeziorna with a number of villages.

The town, a 19th-century health spa, sits on the administrative border of the capital city, Warsaw. The town is known for its historic villas as well as newly built mansions, a shopping center in a restored 19th-century mill and is the home of the American School of Warsaw.

Piaseczno County
Piaseczno County (Polish: powiat piaseczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Piaseczno, which lies 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Konstancin-Jeziorna, 8 km (5 mi) east of Piaseczno, Góra Kalwaria, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Piaseczno, and Tarczyn, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Piaseczno.

The county covers an area of 621.04 square kilometres (239.8 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 186,460; out of which, the population of Piaseczno is 48,286, that of Konstancin-Jeziorna is 17,023, that of Góra Kalwaria is 12,040, that of Tarczyn is 4,116, and the rural population is 81,465.
Charles Tiu
Charles Alandy-Dy Tiu (born January 11, 1989) is a TV presenter and basketball coach who currently serves as head coach of the Phoenix Super LPG Fuel Masters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), the Benilde Blazers of NCAA Philippines, and Strong Group Athletics. He is the brother of Chris Tiu.

Phoenix Fuel Masters
The Phoenix Super LPG Fuel Masters, or simply known as the Phoenix Fuel Masters, are a professional basketball team owned by Phoenix Petroleum Philippines, Inc., which debuted in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) in the 2016 Commissioner's Cup. The franchise began after the company acquired the second Barako Bull team in January 2016.
Dark Ozz
Marcos Tinajero (born January 30, 1975) is a Mexican Luchador (wrestler) who is known under the names Ozz / Dark Ozz, a Face character (referred to as a "Tecnico" in Lucha Libre) that works for Lucha Libre Elite. Best known for his work in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), he has been part of The Black Family since it was formed. During his time in the Black Family, Ozz has been a member of Lucha Libre Latina (LLL) and La Secta del Mesías, its predecessor La Secta Cibernetica and La Legión Extranjera but now the Black Family is its own independent entity.

Dark Cuervo
Jaime Ignacio Tirado Correa (born January 4, 1974) is a Mexican Luchador (wrestler) who is best known as Cuervo or Dark Cuervo. He works for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and has been part of The Black Family since it was formed in 2001 by Charly Manson. During his time in the Black Family La Cuervo has been a member of both Lucha Libre Latina (LLL) and La Secta del Mesías, its predecessor La Secta Cibernetica and La Legión Extranjera but now the Black Family is its own independent entity.
Muirkirk, Maryland
Muirkirk is an unincorporated community in northern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located between Baltimore and Washington in the central part of the state.

It is located along U.S. Route 1 between Beltsville and Laurel. It has a stop on the MARC commuter rail (on the Camden line), and hosts a dinosaur park.

Many Muirkirk residents work for government agencies such as NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, the Food and Drug Administration and the headquarters of the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission.

Beltsville, Maryland
Beltsville is a census-designated place (CDP) in northern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The community was named for Truman Belt, a local landowner. The 2020 census counted 20,133 residents. Beltsville includes the unincorporated community of Vansville.
Armed Forces Day (Tajikistan)
Armed Forces Day (Tajik: Рӯзи Қувваҳои Мусаллаҳ; Russian: День Вооружённых сил) also known as Tajik National Army Day (Tajik: Рӯзи Артиши Миллӣ Тоҷик) or Defender of the Fatherland Day (Tajik: Рӯзи Дорандаи Ватан) is a national holiday celebrated annually on 23 February, commemorating the founding of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan. The event is marked by military parades, fireworks and ceremonies around of the country.

Military parade
A military parade is a formation of military personnels whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drill or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.
Makerere University School of Public Health
Makerere University School of Public Health (MUSPH) is one of the schools that comprise the Makerere University College of Health Sciences, a constituent college of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university.

Makerere University College of Health Sciences
Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS)  is a constituent college of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest university. The schools of the college offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the biomedical sciences, health sciences, human medicine and public health, covering a broad range of disciplines and specialties.
Adversarial information retrieval
Adversarial information retrieval (adversarial IR) is a topic in information retrieval related to strategies for working with a data source where some portion of it has been manipulated maliciously.  Tasks can include gathering, indexing, filtering, retrieving and ranking information from such a data source. Adversarial IR includes the study of methods to detect, isolate, and defeat such manipulation.

On the Web, the predominant form of such manipulation is search engine spamming (also known as spamdexing), which involves employing various techniques to disrupt the activity of web search engines, usually for financial gain. Examples of spamdexing are link-bombing, comment or referrer spam, spam blogs (splogs), malicious tagging.  Reverse engineering of ranking algorithms, click fraud, and web content filtering may also be considered forms of adversarial data manipulation.

Spamdexing
Spamdexing (also known as search engine spam, search engine poisoning, black-hat search engine optimization, search spam or web spam) is the deliberate manipulation of search engine indexes. It involves a number of methods, such as link building and repeating related or unrelated phrases, to manipulate the relevance or prominence of resources indexed in a manner inconsistent with the purpose of the indexing system.

Spamdexing could be considered to be a part of search engine optimization, although there are many SEO methods that improve the quality and appearance of the content of web sites and serve content useful to many users.
Home for the Holidays (Point of Grace album)
Home for the Holidays is the fifteenth album and fourth Christmas album by Christian group Point of Grace. It was released on October 5, 2010. It is their first fully new Christmas recording since their 2005 holiday release, Winter Wonderland. It is also their first full-length holiday release as a trio. The group once again worked with producer Nathan Chapman as well as his wife, Stephanie Chapman.

Point of Grace
Point of Grace is an all-female contemporary Christian music vocal group. The current trio consists of Shelley Breen, Denise Jones, and Leigh Cappillino. The group started out as a quartet in 1991, with original members Breen and Jones, as well as Terry Jones and Heather Payne. Terry Jones left in November 2003 to spend more time with her family after the birth of her third child, with Cappillino joining in March 2004 for their 2004 release I Choose You. In June 2008, Payne announced her retirement from the group to spend more time with her family.

The group's self-titled debut album was released in 1993. In 2003, they released their ninth album, 24 – a compilation of 24 previous hits.
New classical macroeconomics
New classical macroeconomics is a school of thought in macroeconomics based on a neoclassical framework. It emphasizes the importance of foundations based on microeconomics, especially rational expectations.

New classical macroeconomics uses neoclassical microeconomic foundations for macroeconomic analysis. This is in contrast with the new Keynesian school that uses microfoundations, such as price stickiness and imperfect competition, to generate macroeconomic models similar to earlier, Keynesian ones.

Neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model. According to this line of thought, the value of a good or service is determined through a hypothetical maximization of utility by income-constrained individuals and of profits by firms facing production costs and employing available information and factors of production. This approach has often been justified by appealing to rational choice theory.

Neoclassical economics is the dominant approach to microeconomics and, together with Keynesian economics, formed the neoclassical synthesis which dominated mainstream economics as "neo-Keynesian economics" from the 1950s onward.
Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation
The Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation (Nepali: भूमि व्यवस्था, सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण मन्त्रालय) is a governmental ministry of Nepal responsible for land administration and management activities which ensures efficient and effective administration and sustainable management of available land resources throughout the country. The ministry, then called Ministry of Land Reform and Management, was merged with the Ministry of Co-operatives and Poverty Alleviation to form the Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives in February 2018, but was reopened and renamed as a separate ministry in August 2018 as the Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation.

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development
The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development is a governmental body of Nepal responsible for the growth and development of agriculture sector in the country. Local areas each have a District Agriculture Development Office (DADO). The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development is the central apex body of Government of Nepal to look after the agriculture and allied fields. The current minister for Agriculture and Livestock Development is Madan Prasad Pariyar.
Prajñā (Buddhism)
Prajñā (प्रज्ञा) or paññā (𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀜𑀸) is a Buddhist term often translated as "wisdom", "transcendental wisdom", "insight", "intelligence", or "understanding". It is described in Buddhist texts as the understanding of the true nature of phenomena. In the context of Buddhist meditation, it is the ability to understand the three characteristics of all things: anicca ("impermanence"), dukkha ("dissatisfaction" or "suffering"), and anattā ("non-self" or "egolessness"). Mahāyāna texts describe it as the understanding of śūnyatā ("emptiness"). It is part of the Threefold Training in Buddhism, and is one of the ten pāramīs of Theravāda Buddhism and one of the six Mahāyāna pāramitās.

Threefold Training
The Buddha identified the threefold training (Sanskrit: triśikṣā; Pali: tisikkhā; or simply śikṣā or sikkhā) as training in:

higher virtue (Pali adhisīla-sikkhā, Skt. adhiśīlaśikṣa)

higher mind (Pali adhicitta-sikkhā, Skt. samādhiśikṣa)

higher wisdom (Pali adhipaññā-sikkhā, Skt. prajñāśikṣa)
Jungle Fever
Jungle Fever is a 1991 American romantic drama film written, produced and directed by Spike Lee. Starring Lee, Wesley Snipes, Annabella Sciorra, Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, Samuel L. Jackson, Lonette McKee, John Turturro, Frank Vincent, Tim Robbins, Brad Dourif, Giancarlo Esposito, Debi Mazar, Michael Imperioli, and Anthony Quinn, with Halle Berry and Queen Latifah in their film debuts, Jungle Fever explores the beginning and end of an extramarital interracial relationship against the urban backdrop of the streets of New York City in the early 1990s. The film is dedicated to Yusef Hawkins, who died on August 23, 1989.

Jungle Fever premiered in the 44th Cannes Film Festival on May 16, 1991, and was released in the United States on June 7, 1991, by Universal Pictures. The film received positive reviews, with particular praise for Samuel L. Jackson's performance, and was also commercially successful.

1991 Cannes Film Festival
The 44th Cannes Film Festival was held from 9 to 20 May 1991. French-Polish filmmaker Roman Polanski served as jury president for the main competition.

American filmmakers Joel Coen and Ethan Coen won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the comedy film Barton Fink.

The festival opened with Homicide by David Mamet, and closed with Thelma & Louise by Ridley Scott.
Philip W. Anderson
Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 – March 29, 2020) was an American theoretical physicist who shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nevill Mott and John Van Vleck "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems."

Anderson made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking (including a paper in 1962 discussing symmetry breaking in particle physics, leading to the development of the Standard Model around 10 years later), and high-temperature superconductivity, and to the philosophy of science through his writings on emergent phenomena. He is also responsible for naming the field of physics that is now known as condensed matter physics.

Nevill Mott
Sir Nevill Francis Mott (30 September 1905 – 8 August 1996) was a British theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors. The Prize was shared with Philip W. Anderson and John Van Vleck. The three had conducted loosely related research. Mott and Anderson clarified the reasons why magnetic or amorphous materials can sometimes be metallic and sometimes insulating.
Minamata (film)
Minamata is a 2020 biographical drama film directed by Andrew Levitas, based on the book of the same name by Aileen Mioko Smith and W. Eugene Smith. The film stars Johnny Depp (who also produced) as W. Eugene Smith, an American photographer who documented the effects of mercury poisoning on the citizens of Minamata, Kumamoto, Japan. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 21, 2020. It was released in the United States on February 11, 2022, by Samuel Goldwyn Films. At the 94th Academy Awards in 2022, the film ranked third place in the Oscars Fan Favorite contest.

W. Eugene Smith
William Eugene Smith (December 30, 1918 – October 15, 1978) was an American photojournalist. He has been described as "perhaps the single most important American photographer in the development of the editorial photo essay." His major photo essays include World War II photographs,  the visual stories of an American country doctor and a nurse midwife, the clinic of Albert Schweitzer in French Equatorial Africa, the city of Pittsburgh, and the pollution which damaged the health of the residents of Minamata in Japan. His 1948 series, Country Doctor, photographed for Life, is now recognized as "the first extended editorial photo story".
Battle of Killiecrankie
The Battle of Killiecrankie, took place on 27 July 1689 during the 1689 Scottish Jacobite rising. A Jacobite force led by Ewan Cameron of Lochiel and Viscount Dundee defeated a government army commanded by Hugh Mackay.

James VII went into exile in December 1688 after being deposed by the Glorious Revolution in Scotland. In March 1689, he began the Williamite War in Ireland, with a simultaneous revolt led by Dundee, previously his military commander in Scotland.

Despite being outnumbered and short of supplies, the Jacobite commanders hoped a decisive victory would bring them wider support. Although this was achieved, their army suffered heavy casualties, and Dundee was killed in the final moments. As a result, the Jacobites were unable to capitalise on their success.

Ewen Cameron of Lochiel
Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel (Scottish Gaelic: Eòghann Dubh Mac Dhòmhnaill Dubh; February 1629 – c. February 1719) was a Scottish soldier and the 17th chief of Clan Cameron. He fought during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and was one the principal Jacobite leaders during the 1689 Rising.

Lochiel is regarded as one of the most formidable Scottish clan chiefs of all time, with Lord Macaulay praising him as the "Ulysses of the Highlands". An incident demonstrating his strength and ferocity in single combat, when he bit out the throat of an enemy, is used by Sir Walter Scott in Lady of the Lake (canto v.).
Caringbah railway station
Caringbah railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Cronulla line, serving the Sydney suburb of Caringbah. It is served by Sydney Trains T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line services.

Cronulla railway line
The Cronulla railway line is a suburban branch line serving the southern suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Sydney Trains operates electric passenger train services over the line as part of its Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line.
Sudzha (river)
The Sudzha (Russian: Суджа) is a river in Russia, a right tributary of the Psel, which flows through the Bolshesoldatsky and Sudzhansky districts (raions) of Kursk Oblast. It is 63 kilometres (39 mi) long, and the basin area is 1,102 square kilometres (425 sq mi). The river flows for a considerable distance through wetlands with a large number of oxbow lakes.

Its tributaries include: Skorodnaya – 22 km, Vorobzha – 28 km, Ivnitsa – 23 km, Loknya – 26 km, Malaya Loknya – 24 km, Smerditsa – 17 km, Rzhava – 9 km, Oleshnya – 12 km, and Konopelka – 16 km.

The biggest settlement on the river is the identically-named town of Sudzha.

Sudzhansky District
Sudzhansky District (Russian: Суджанский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. Its administrative center is the town of Sudzha. It has a population of 25,119.
Lobsang Dolma Khangkar
Lobsang Dolma Khangkar (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་སྒྲོལ་མ་ཁང་དཀར, Wylie: blo bzang sgrol ma khang dkar) also called Lobsang Dolma or Ama Lobsang Dolma (July 6, 1934, Kyirong, Tibet - December 15, 1989, Dharamsala, India) was a 13th generation doctor of traditional Tibetan medicine. She travelled with the Dalai Lama in 1959 from Tibet to India. She was the first woman to become chief physician of the Men-Tsee-Khang. She and the others carried her daughters on their backs into what is now Dharamsala, India: Tsewang Dolkar Khangkar and Pasang Gyalmo Khangkar, succeeded her in the family line of doctors, the Khangkar.

Yeshi Dhonden
Yeshi Dhonden (Tibetan: ཡེ་ཤེས་དོན་ལྡན, Wylie: ye shes don ldan; 15 May 1927 – 26 November 2019) was a Tibetan doctor of traditional Tibetan medicine, and served the 14th Dalai Lama from 1961 to 1980. In 2018, the Indian government honoured him with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India.
Yueyang
Yueyang, formerly known as Yuezhou or Baling, is a prefecture-level city on the eastern shores of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze river in the northeastern corner of Hunan Province in the People's Republic of China.

Yueyang has an administrative area of 14,896 km2 (5,751 sq mi) and the city proper, 304 km2 (117 sq mi). The population was 5,051,922 at the 2020 Chinese census whom 1,134,058 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Yueyanglou District and Yunxi District, Junshan District not being conurbated. Yueyang is the only international trade port city in Hunan and a famous port city in China, at the same time, Yueyang's comprehensive economic strength ranks of Hunan second only to Changsha, the provincial capital.

The city's most famous attractions are the Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake. The most famous food is Dongting lake silver fish (洞庭银鱼).

In 2021, the city's permanent resident population was 5,051,922, a decrease of 424,162 from the end of last year.

Linxiang, Hunan
Linxiang (simplified Chinese: 临湘; traditional Chinese: 臨湘; pinyin: Línxiāng) is a county-level city in Hunan province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yueyang. Linxiang is located at the northeastern edge of Hunan province, on the southeastern (right) bank of the Yangtze River, which lies to the east of the city proper. Linxiang is bordered to the northwest and the north across the Yangtze by Jianli County and Honghu City of Hubei, to the east by Chibi City, Chongyang and Tongcheng Counties of Hubei, to the south and southwest by Yueyang County, and to the west by Yunxi District. It covers an area of 1,718 km2 (663 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 537,500. The city has 3 subdistricts and 10 towns under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Chang'an (长安街道).