hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tennessee State Route System
The State Route System of Tennessee is maintained and developed by the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Currently the state has 14,150 miles (22,770 km) of state-maintained roadways, including 1,233 miles (1,984 km) of Interstate Highways and 13,077 miles (21,045 km) of State Highways. All of the U.S. Routes in Tennessee have a state route routed concurrently with them, though the state route is hidden and only signed along the green mile marker signs that display mileage within each county. The state route system in Tennessee was established in 1923. Since the 1983 renumbering, state routes have been divided into primary and secondary routes with separate shields used for each.

1983 Tennessee state highway renumbering
The 1983 Tennessee state highway renumbering occurred when the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) took control of approximately 3,300 miles (5,300 km) of city and county maintained roads, designating them as state routes. As part of this process, most state routes with suffixed or special designations were renumbered with general numerical designations, and the state route system was divided into primary and secondary highways.
Penampang District
The Penampang District (Malay: Daerah Penampang) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the West Coast Division which includes the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang, Putatan, Ranau and Tuaran. The capital of the district is in Penampang Town.

Penampang
Penampang (Malay: Pekan Penampang) is the capital of the Penampang District in the West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia. Its population was estimated to be around 93,616 in 2010, with ethnic Kadazan as the majority. It contains, or is synonymous with, Donggongon, which as of 2007, had a population of 78,086.

Penampang has virtually become a suburb of Kota Kinabalu and considered as part of the Greater Kota Kinabalu area.
Brachialis muscle
The brachialis (also brachialis anticus or Casserio muscle) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow. It lies beneath the biceps brachii, and makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa (elbow pit). It originates from the anterior aspect of the distal humerus; it inserts onto the tuberosity of the ulna. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, and commonly also receives additional innervation from the radial nerve. The brachialis is the prime mover of elbow flexion generating about 50% more power than the biceps.

Biceps
The biceps or biceps brachii (Latin: musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm. While the long head of the biceps crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, its main function is at the elbow where it flexes and supinates the forearm.
Independence or Death
The 1888 painting Independence or Death (Independência ou Morte in Portuguese), also known as the Cry of Ipiranga (Grito do Ipiranga in the original) is an oil on canvas painting by Pedro Américo, from 1888. It is the best known artwork representing the proclamation of the Brazilian independence.

Ipiranga Brook
The Ipiranga Brook (in Portuguese: Riacho do Ipiranga, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁiaʃu du ipiˈɾɐ̃gɐ]), is a river of São Paulo state in southeastern Brazil, historically known as the place where Dom Pedro I declared the independence of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.

Its name derives from the Tupi words: "Y", which means water or river, and "Piranga", which means red.  It is also mentioned in the country's national anthem.
Gord Hampson
Gordon Hampson (born February 13, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played 4 games in the National Hockey League with the Calgary Flames during the 1982–83 season. His father, Ted Hampson, also played in the NHL.

Ted Hampson
Edward George Hampson (born December 11, 1936) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre, who played in the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association during the 1960s and 70s. Ted is the father of Gord Hampson.
Fairhaven, Massachusetts
Fairhaven (Massachusett: Sconticut) is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located on the South Coast of Massachusetts where the Acushnet River flows into Buzzards Bay, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean. The town shares a harbor with the city of New Bedford, a place well known for its whaling and fishing heritage; consequently, Fairhaven's history, economy, and culture are closely aligned with those of its larger neighbor. The population of Fairhaven was 15,924 at the time of the 2020 census.

Acushnet River
41°40′51″N 70°55′3″W﻿ / ﻿41.68083°N 70.91750°W﻿ / 41.68083; -70.91750

The Acushnet River is the largest river, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) long, flowing into Buzzards Bay in southeastern Massachusetts, in the United States.  The name "Acushnet" comes from the Wampanoag or Algonquian word, "Cushnea", meaning "as far as the waters", a word that was used by the original owners of the land in describing the extent of the parcel they intended to sell to the English settlers from the nearby Plymouth Colony.  Quite naturally, the English mistook "Cushnea" for a fixed placename or the name of a specific river.
John Gaddi
John Gaddi (Hebrew: Johanan or Yohanan) (d. c. 160–159 BCE) was a son of Mattathias the Hasmonean and brother of Judas Maccabeus.  The Hasmonean family lead the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire which ruled Judea in the 160s BCE.  John's activities are not as well-documented as his other brothers.  He is usually considered to have been the eldest of Mattathias's five sons.  He died around 160 or 159 BCE.

Alternative forms of his cognomen "Gaddi" include "Gaddis" and "Gaddim".

Mattathias
Mattathias ben Johanan (Hebrew: מַתִּתְיָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בֶּן יוֹחָנָן, Mattīṯyāhū haKōhēn ben Yōḥānān; died 166–165 BCE) was a Kohen (Jewish priest) who helped spark the Maccabean Revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.  Mattathias's story is related in the deuterocanonical book of 1 Maccabees and in the writings of Josephus.  Mattathias is accorded a central role in the story of Hanukkah and, as a result, is named in the Al HaNissim prayer Jews add to the Birkat Hamazon (grace after meals) and the Amidah during the festival's eight days.
SIPS surgery
Stomach Intestinal Pylorus-Sparing (SIPS) surgery is a type of weight-loss surgery. It was developed in 2013 by two U.S. surgeons, Daniel Cottam from Utah and Mitchell S. Roslin from New York.

It is substantively the same procedure as the SADI surgery.

SADI-S surgery
SADI-S (single anastomosis duodeno–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy) is a bariatric surgical technique to address metabolic disorders and to lose weight. It is a variation on the duodenal switch surgery, incorporating a vertical sleeve gastrectomy with a gastric bypass technique.

The SADI-S is a type of bariatric surgery with a single surgical anastomosis. It has a restrictive component when reducing the greater curvature of the stomach, but especially a malabsorptive component, as the common channel is also reduced. The objective of this surgical technique is to lessen the intestinal loop where nutrients are absorbed.
G scale
In railway modelling, G scale or G gauge, also called large scale (45 mm (1.772 inches)), is a track gauge which is often used for outdoor garden railways because of its size and durability.  G scale trains use a fixed track gauge of 45 mm (1.772 inches) to accommodate a range of rail transport modelling scales between narrow gauge (~1:13‒1:19‒1:20), metre gauge (1:22.5), Playmobil trains (~1:24), and standard gauge (~1:29–1:32).

G-scale LGB (Lehmann Groß Bahn, "Lehmann's Big Train") was introduced in 1968 by Ernst Paul Lehmann Patentwerk in Germany.  LGB products were intended for indoor and outdoor use, so the "G" became interpreted as "garden scale".

Most track is made of brass which can remain outside in all weather. Track can also be obtained in less expensive aluminium as well as oxidation-resistant, though more expensive, stainless steel.

Like other scales, large scale is sometimes used for model trains that run indoors on a track mounted against the wall near the ceiling.

Rail transport modelling scales
Rail transport modelling uses a variety of scales (ratio between the real world and the model) to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many organizations and hobbyist groups. Some of the scales are recognized globally, while others are less widespread and, in many cases, virtually unknown outside their circle of origin. Scales may be expressed as a numeric ratio (e.g. 1/87 or 1:87) or as letters defined in rail transport modelling standards (e.g. G, O, S, OO, HO, TT, N, and Z.) The majority of commercial model railway equipment manufacturers base their offerings on Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen (NEM) or National Model Railroad Association (NMRA) standards in most popular scales.
Large Stone Structure
The Large Stone Structure (Hebrew: מבנה האבן הגדול Mivne haEven haGadol)  is the name given to a set of remains interpreted by the excavator, Israeli archaeologist Eilat Mazar, as being part of a single large public building in the City of David, presumably the oldest settlement core of Jerusalem. Mazar tentatively dated the findings to the tenth to ninth century BCE. Mazar chose this particular name for the alleged structure because of its proximity to another site known as the Stepped Stone Structure. Mazar announced the discovery on 4 August 2005, and stated that she believed it may be the remains of King David's palace as recorded in the Books of Samuel. The interpretation of the remains as those of one single building, the suggested date, and the association with King David have all been challenged by other well-known archaeologists. The archaeological dig was funded privately by Roger Hertog, an American banker.

Stepped Stone Structure
The Stepped Stone Structure is the name given to the remains at a particular archaeological site (sometimes termed Area G) on the eastern side of the City of David, the oldest part of Jerusalem. The curved, 60-foot-high (18 m), narrow stone structure is built over a series of terraces (hence the name). A casemate wall adjoins the structure from a northerly direction at the upper levels, and may have been the original city wall.
João Roque
João Manuel Roque (born July 22, 1971) is a Portuguese-Angolan former featherweight Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) black belt World Champion and a retired mixed martial artist. He competed in the Featherweight division in MMA (Mixed Martial Arts).

His first coaches of BJJ were Marcio Pinheiro and Gerson Velasco, and he stayed under their guidance until he was a purple belt. It was under prestigious Osvaldo Alves, a Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Red Belt and a legend in the sport of BJJ, that Joao Roque graduated to brown belt. When Master Oswaldo had to move to Manaus Roque joined André Pederneiras, right at the start of the Nova União.

Joao Roque began his MMA career in 1996 in the United States (Oklahoma) with a win by armbar. He retired in 2005 in the Japan (Tokyo) with a loss by decision.

Today he lives in Brasília, capital of Brazil. Roque went on to form one of the strongest teams in that state and his gym "Clube Vizinhança" still runs today.

André Pederneiras
Carlos André Pederneiras de Castro (born 22 March 1967) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) and mixed martial arts (MMA) coach and promoter. A former BJJ competitor, holding today a Red and Black 7th Degree Coral belt, Pederneiras is a six-time Brazilian National jiu-jitsu champion. During his short career as an MMA fighter, he challenged Pat Miletich for the UFC Welterweight Championship in 1999, and fought at the Shooto-run Vale Tudo Japan events.

Pederneiras is the co-founder of Nova União, one of the top BJJ/MMA academy and team, acting as its leader and MMA head coach until stepping down in 2018 after 21 years. He is widely regarded as one of the best BJJ and MMA coaches in the world.

Among the numerous champions he produced, Pederneiras is best known for training José Aldo, B.J. Penn and Renan Barão who all became UFC champions. Pederneiras is also the President of Shooto Brasil, the Brazilian branch of Japanese MMA promotion Shooto.
OriDB
OriDB is a biological database of confirmed and predicted DNA replication origin sites in the model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The DNA Replication Origin Database (OriDB) provides access to collated published datasets that have predicted and/or confirmed the location of replication origins. Each potential replication origin site is listed as confirmed, likely or dubious dependent upon the level of supporting data. For each site addition information is available, including:

the genomic location of the origin site;

the DNA sequence;

a graphic view of the origin site that includes experimental data;

the published studies that proposed the origin;

links to appropriate original studies.

In addition, there is a graphic viewer that allows users to select chromosomal regions and display selected datasets. All original datasets presented in OriDB are available for download.

Origin of replication
The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. Propagation of the genetic material between generations requires timely and accurate duplication of DNA by semiconservative replication prior to cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the full complement of chromosomes. This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses. Synthesis of daughter strands starts at discrete sites, termed replication origins, and proceeds in a bidirectional manner until all genomic DNA is replicated. Despite the fundamental nature of these events, organisms have evolved surprisingly divergent strategies that control replication onset. Although the specific replication origin organization structure and recognition varies from species to species, some common characteristics are shared.
Martín Alonso Pinzón
Martín Alonso Pinzón, (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾˈtin aˈlonso pinˈθon]; Palos de la Frontera, Huelva; c. 1441 – c. 1493) was a Spanish mariner, shipbuilder, navigator and explorer, oldest of the Pinzón brothers. He sailed with Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the New World in 1492, as captain of the Pinta. His youngest brother Vicente Yáñez Pinzón was captain of the Niña, and the middle brother Francisco Martín Pinzón was maestre (first mate) of the Pinta.

Pinta (ship)
A ship built in medieval Spain in c. 1441, known as La Pinta (Spanish for The Painted One, The Look, or The Spotted One) was the fastest of the three Spanish ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first transatlantic voyage in 1492. The New World was first sighted by Rodrigo de Triana aboard La Pinta on 12 October 1492. The owner of La Pinta was Cristóbal Quintero. The Quintero brothers were ship owners from Palos. The owner of the ship allowed Martín Alonso Pinzón to take over the ship so he could keep an eye on her.

La Pinta was a caravel-type vessel. By tradition, Spanish ships were named after saints and usually given nicknames. Thus, La Pinta, like La Niña, was not the ship's actual name; La Niña's actual name was the Santa Clara. The Santa María's original nickname was La Gallega. The actual original name of La Pinta is unknown. The origin of the ship is disputed but is believed to have been built in Spain in 1441. She was later rebuilt for use by Christopher Columbus.
Grapette
Grapette is a grape-flavored soft drink that was first produced and marketed in 1939 by Benjamin "Tyndle" Fooks.  Grapette is now produced by Grapette International, and is marketed in the United States by Walmart as part of its Sam's Choice line of soft drinks.

Sam's Choice
Sam's Choice is a private label brand created by Cott Beverages for Walmart stores. The brand was introduced as "Sam's American Choice" in 1991; the name has since been shortened to simply "Sam's Choice". It is named after Sam Walton, the founder of Walmart as their version of the President's Choice label with their products initially developed by Dave Nichol, who created the brand.  Items produced under the Sam's Choice label are primarily grocery items.
Henry Norris (courtier)
Henry Norris (or Norreys) (c. 1482 – 17 May 1536) was an English courtier who was Groom of the Stool in the privy chamber of King Henry VIII. While a close servant of the King, he also supported the faction in court led by Queen Anne Boleyn, and when Anne fell out of favour, he was among those accused of treason and adultery with her. He was found guilty and executed, together with the Queen's brother, George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford,  Sir Francis Weston, William Brereton and Mark Smeaton. Most historical authorities argue that the accusations were untrue and part of a plot to get rid of Anne.

William Brereton (courtier)
William Brereton, c. 1487/1490 – 17 May 1536, was a member of a prominent Cheshire family who served as a courtier to Henry VIII. In May 1536, Brereton was accused of committing adultery with Anne Boleyn, the king's second wife, and executed for treason  along with her brother George Boleyn, Henry Norris, Francis Weston and a musician, Mark Smeaton. Most historians are now of the opinion that Anne Boleyn, Brereton and their co-accused were innocent.
Ropivacaine
Ropivacaine (rINN) is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. The name ropivacaine refers to both the racemate and the marketed S-enantiomer. Ropivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the brand name Naropin.

Local anesthetic
A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes unconsciousness. Local anesthetics are most commonly used to eliminate pain during or after surgery. When it is used on specific nerve pathways (local anesthetic nerve block), paralysis (loss of muscle function) also can be induced.
National Premier Leagues Tasmania
The National Premier Leagues Tasmania is an Australian professional football league part of the National Premier Leagues, covering the state of Tasmania. The competition sits at step two overall in the Australian football league system, below the A-League and alongside other states' National Premier Leagues.

National Premier Leagues
The National Premier Leagues (NPL) is a men's national association football competition in Australia which acts as the second tier of the sport in the country below the A-League. The NPL consists of the highest level state league in each state-based federation within Australia. In total the NPL is contested by clubs from eight divisions; these are ACT, NSW, Northern NSW, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The NPL is overseen by Football Australia, in partnership with participating state-based member federations.

Up to the 2019 season, one representative from each Member Federation participated in the NPL Championship, a knock-out competition to determine a national champion.

From the 2025 season, the NPL Premiers from each Member Federation will be invited to play in the new 16-team Australian Championship, to be played between October and December 2025.
Liv Glaser
Liv Glaser (born 23 September 1935) is a Norwegian pianist, music teacher, and professor at the Norwegian Academy of Music. She was born in Oslo, the daughter of violinist Ernst Glaser and pianist Kari Aarvold Glaser. In 1971 she married director of culture Carsten Edvard Munch (1927–2005).

Ernst Glaser
Ernst Glaser (24 February 1904 – 3 April 1979) was a German / Norwegian violinist, orchestra conductor and music teacher, married to the pianist Kari Aarvold Glaser. He was the father of the pianist Liv Glaser and the cellist Ernst Simon Glaser, both Norwegian classical musicians.
Liga MX Femenil
Liga MX Femenil, officially named as Liga BBVA MX Femenil for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league and the highest level of women's football in Mexico. Supervised by the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol, it has 18 participating teams, each coinciding with a Liga MX club.

Following the same schedule as the men's league, each season consist of two tournaments: an Apertura tournament, which takes place from July to December, and a Clausura tournament, which takes place from January to May.

Tigres UANL is the most successful team with 7 titles, followed by Monterrey with 4 titles, Guadalajara and América with two titles each, and Pachuca with one title. In all, only these five clubs have won the Liga MX Femenil at least once.

The current champions are Tigres UANL who defeated Club America with a 4–3 aggregate score in the Apertura 2025 final in November 2025.

Club América (women)
Club América Femenil, commonly known as América Femenil or simply América, is a Mexican professional women's football club based in Mexico City, Mexico. It competes in the Liga MX Femenil and has been the women's section of Club América since 2016. The team plays its home games at the renowned Estadio Azteca, with Cancha Centenario, situated within their training grounds, serving as alternative venue.

Club América Femenil is one of only five clubs to have clinched the Liga MX Femenil title, achieving this feat twice.

América Femenil main rival is Chivas. The matches between the two are known as El Clasico Nacional, and is regarded as one of the most intense rivalries in Liga MX Femenil.
Whitchurch, Hampshire
Whitchurch is a town in the borough of Basingstoke and Deane in Hampshire, England. It is on the River Test, 13 miles (21 km) south of Newbury, Berkshire, 12 miles (19 km) north of Winchester, 8 miles (13 km) east of Andover and 12 miles (19 km) west of Basingstoke. Much of the town is a Conservation Area. Because of the amount of wildlife in and near the River Test, its course and banks are designated as Site of Special Scientific Interest. Whitchurch markets itself as a gateway to the North Wessex Downs National Landscape; it is the third largest of Britain's National Landscapes.

The West of England Main Line links the town's railway station to London, and two main roads bypass the town (the A34, a major north–south route, and the A303, a major east–west route.

Whitchurch railway station (Hampshire)
Whitchurch railway station serves the town of Whitchurch, in Hampshire, England. It is 59 miles 8 chains (95.1 km) down the line from London Waterloo on the West of England Main Line. The station is served and operated by South Western Railway.
Blue Ridge (train)
The Blue Ridge was a daily Amtrak passenger train that operated between Washington, D.C., and Cumberland, Maryland (Martinsburg, West Virginia after 1976). Service began in 1973; it was merged into the MARC Brunswick Line commuter rail service in 1986.

Brunswick Line
The Brunswick Line is a MARC commuter rail line between Washington, D.C., and Martinsburg, West Virginia, with a branch to Frederick, Maryland. It primarily serves the northern and western suburbs of Washington. The line, MARC's second longest at 74 miles, is operated under contract to MARC by Alstom and runs on CSX-owned track, including the Metropolitan, Old Main Line, and Cumberland subdivisions. It is the successor to commuter services provided by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O), which date to the mid-19th century.