hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dúnán
Dúnán  (died 6 May 1074) was the first bishop of Dublin, appointed under Dublin's Hiberno-Norse kings. He is known also as Donatus or Donat. The diocese was put on a regular basis, in 1028, at the request of Sigtrygg Silkbeard. In his obit in the Annals of Ulster Dúnán is described as "chief bishop of the foreigners" (ardespoc Gall).

It has been traditionally said that Dúnán was consecrated by Æthelnoth, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This is now disputed, with scholars saying that his successor, Gilla Patráic, was the first to be consecrated in this way.

Archbishop of Dublin
The Archbishop of Dublin (Irish: Ard-Easpag Bhaile Átha Cliath) is an archiepiscopal title which takes its name from Dublin, Ireland. Since the Reformation, there have been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also holds the title of Primate of Ireland.
Edgemont, Arkansas
Edgemont is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Cleburne County, Arkansas, United States. Edgemont is located on the north side of Greers Ferry Lake along Arkansas Highway 16, 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Greers Ferry. Edgemont has a post office with ZIP code 72044.

It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 56.

Cleburne County, Arkansas
Cleburne County (/ˈkliːbɜːrn/ KLEE-burn, historically /ˈkleɪbɜːrn/ KLAY-burn) is a county located in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,711. The county seat and most populous city is Heber Springs. The county was formed on February 20, 1883, making it the youngest of Arkansas's 75 counties. It is named for Confederate Major-General Patrick Cleburne. Cleburne is an alcohol-prohibition or dry county.
Nguyễn Đan Quế
Nguyễn Đan Quế (born 13 April 1942) is a Vietnamese endocrinologist and pro-democracy activist in Saigon. He was imprisoned from 1978 to 1988, 1990 to 1998, 2003 to 2005, and briefly in 2011 on state security charges related to his activism. In 2003, The New York Times described him as "Vietnam's most renowned dissident".

Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý
Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý (born 15 May 1946) is a Vietnamese Roman Catholic priest and dissident involved in many pro-democracy movements, for which he was imprisoned for a total of almost 15 years. For his ongoing imprisonment and continuous non-violent protest, Amnesty International adopted Lý in December 1983 as a prisoner of conscience. Most recently, his support for the Bloc 8406 manifesto has led to his sentence on 30 March 2007, for an additional eight years in prison, where he was released and then returned in 2011.
Zlín Z 42
The Zlín Z 42 is a single-engine two-seat Czechoslovakian trainer aircraft manufactured by Moravan Otrokovice. A developed version, the Z 142, is the most popular aircraft variant in the manufacturer's aircraft line.

Zlin Aircraft
Zlin Aircraft a.s. (formerly Moravan Otrokovice) is a Czech light aircraft company. It is located at the Zlín Airfield on the outskirts of Otrokovice. It is known for the line of Z-26 Trener and other small aircraft like crop-dusting Z-37 and aerobatics special Z-50.
Malcolm Sinclair (Swedish nobleman)
Malcolm Sinclair (1690 – 17 June 1739) was a Swedish officer, nobleman and envoy who was murdered by two Russian officers on his way home from the Ottoman Empire. The assassination eventually sparked the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743 and also inspired the so-called "Sinclairvisan", a song about Sinclair by Anders Odel.

The Swedish National Portrait Gallery at the Gripsholm Castle in Mariefred includes a painting by Johan Henrik Scheffel of Sinclair wearing uniform and armor from 1728 that is currently deposited in Ulriksdal Palace.

Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
The Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743 (also known as The War of the Hats or The Hats' war) was instigated by the Hats, a Swedish political party that aspired to regain the territories lost to Russia during the Great Northern War, and by French diplomacy, which sought to divert Russia's attention from supporting its long-standing ally the Habsburg monarchy in the War of the Austrian Succession. The war was a disaster for Sweden, which lost more territory to Russia.
The World of Sid & Marty Krofft at the Hollywood Bowl
The World of Sid & Marty Krofft at the Hollywood Bowl is a live show at the Hollywood Bowl on July 29, 1973 that was filmed and aired as a television special, produced by Sid and Marty Krofft.  It originally aired in syndication on Thanksgiving weekend, November 24, 1973. Although shot at the Hollywood Bowl in front of a live audience, the special also used a laugh track, like other Krofft shows, for sweetening.

Sid and Marty Krofft
Sid Krofft (born July 30, 1929) and Marty Krofft (April 9, 1937 – November 25, 2023), known as The Krofft Brothers and born as Cydus and Moshopopoulos Yolas, were a Canadian sibling team of television creators, writers and puppeteers. Through their production company, Sid & Marty Krofft Pictures, they made numerous children's television and variety show programs in the U.S., particularly in the 1970s, including H.R. Pufnstuf, Land of the Lost, and Sigmund and the Sea Monsters. Their fantasy programs often featured large-headed puppets, high-concept plots, and extensive use of low-budget special effects.
Leroy Dallas
Leroy Dallas (December 24, 1909 – September, 1967) was an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. Amongst his more notable numbers were "Good Morning Blues" and "Jump Little Children, Jump" (both 1948). He performed with Brownie McGhee and with Frank Edwards and recorded eight tracks in his own name between 1948 and 1962.

Good Morning, School Girl
"Good Morning, School Girl" is a blues standard that has been identified as an influential part of the blues canon. Pre-war Chicago blues vocalist and harmonica pioneer John Lee "Sonny Boy" Williamson first recorded it in 1937.  Subsequently, a variety of artists have recorded versions of the song, usually calling it "Good Morning Little Schoolgirl".
Célestin Bouglé
Célestin Charles Alfred Bouglé (1 June 1870 – 25 January 1940) was a French philosopher and sociologist known for his role as one of Émile Durkheim's collaborators and a member of the L'Année Sociologique.

L'Année sociologique
L'Année sociologique is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of sociology established in 1898 by Émile Durkheim, who also served as its first editor-in-chief. It was published annually as Les Cadres sociaux de la Memoire until 1925, changing its name to Annales Sociologiques between 1934 and 1942. After World War II it returned to its original name. Durkheim established the journal as a way of publicizing his own research and the research of his students and other scholars working within his new sociological paradigm.
Benjamin Law (writer)
Benjamin Law (born c.1982) is an Australian author, screenwriter and journalist. He is best known for his books The Family Law, a family memoir published in 2010, and the TV series of the same name. He hosts the radio programme and podcast Stop Everything! for ABC Radio National.

The Family Law
The Family Law is an Australian comedy television program created by Benjamin Law. The six-part series, loosely adapted from Law's 2010 book of the same name, was written by Law and Marieke Hardy. The series was produced by Matchbox Pictures and screened on SBS from 14 January 2016. A second season of the show premiered on 15 June 2017. The third and final season of the show aired on 12 January 2019. The show streams on Hulu in the US.
Plaza del Sol (Puerto Rico)
Plaza del Sol is a 728,546-square-foot (67,684.1 m2) regional mall located in the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The mall is anchored by a Caribbean Cinemas, Walmart, Burlington, H&M, Dave & Buster's and The Home Depot. The mall was opened in 1998; it was later acquired in 2005 by DDR Corp. out of a $1.15 billion portfolio deal with Caribbean Property Group (CPG), which included the mall. And is now owned by Curzon Puerto Rico.

Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Bayamón (Spanish pronunciation: [baʝaˈmon], locally [baʝaˈmoŋ]) is a city and municipality in Puerto Rico. Located on the northeastern coastal plain, it is bounded by Guaynabo to the east, Toa Alta and Naranjito to the west, Toa Baja and Cataño to the north, and Aguas Buenas and Comerío to the south. Part of the San Juan metropolitan area, Bayamón is spread over 11 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Bayamón Pueblo. With a population of 185,187 as of the 2020 census, it is the second most populated municipality in the archipelago and island after the capital of San Juan.
Rate limiting
In computer networks, rate limiting is used to control the rate of requests sent or received by a network interface controller. It can be used to prevent DoS attacks and limit web scraping.

Research indicates flooding rates for one zombie machine are in excess of 20 HTTP GET requests per second, legitimate rates much less.

Rate limiting should be used along with throttling pattern to minimize the number of throttling errors.

Bandwidth throttling
Bandwidth throttling consists in the limitation of the communication speed (bytes or kilobytes per second), of the ingoing (received) or outgoing (sent) data in a network node or in a network device such as computers and mobile phones.

The data speed and rendering may be limited depending on various parameters and conditions.

Bandwidth throttling should be done along with rate limiting pattern to minimize the number of throttling errors.
Charles Duncan (politician)
Charles Duncan (8 June 1865 – 6 July 1933) was a British Labour Party politician and trade unionist. He was General Secretary of the Workers' Union from 1900 to 1929. He was Member of Parliament for Barrow-in-Furness from 1906 to 1918, and Member of Parliament for Clay Cross from 1922 to 1933 (his death).

Workers' Union
The Workers' Union was a general trade union based in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with small branches overseas. The union was founded on 1 May 1898. During the 1910s, it was the largest general union in the UK, but it went into decline in the 1920s. In 1929 the Workers' Union amalgamated into the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU).
Bech Ministry
The Bech Ministry was the government of Luxembourg that came into office in Luxembourg on 16 July 1926 after the resignation of the Prüm Ministry, and was headed by Joseph Bech. It was reshuffled on 11 April 1932 and on 27 December 1936. It stepped down after the referendum on the so-called Maulkuerfgesetz ("muzzle law"), in which the majority of voters decided against the law.

Maulkuerfgesetz
The Maulkuerfgesetz (Luxembourgish for "Muzzle law") (German: Maulkorbgesetz; French: Loi muselière) was a proposed 1937 law in Luxembourg. Officially, it was entitled the "Law for the Defence of the Political and Social Order" (French: Projet de loi pour la défense de l'ordre politique et social) but was nicknamed Maulkuerfgesetz by its opponents. The law would have allowed the Luxembourgish government to ban the Communist Party and dissolve any political organisation which they believed might endanger the constitutional institutions. The members of these parties or organisations would be stripped of their political offices and could not be employed by the state or by local governments.

The law was rejected in a referendum on 6 June 1937, and therefore never came into force.
Aldi
Aldi (German pronunciation: [ˈaldiː] ⓘ, stylized in all caps) is the common company brand name of two German multinational family-owned discount supermarket chains operating over 13,500 stores in 18 countries. The chain was founded by brothers Karl and Theo Albrecht in 1946, when they took over their mother's store in Essen. The business was split into two separate groups in 1960 that later became Aldi Nord (initially Northern West Germany), headquartered in Essen, and Aldi Süd (initially Southern West Germany), headquartered in neighbouring Mülheim.

In 1962, they introduced the name Aldi (a syllabic abbreviation for "Albrecht Diskont"). In Germany, Aldi Nord and Aldi Süd have been financially and legally separate since 1966, although both divisions' names may appear as if they were a single enterprise with certain store brands or when negotiating with contractor companies.

Aldi is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Lidl in several markets.

Mülheim
Mülheim, officially Mülheim an der Ruhr (German pronunciation: [ˈmyːlhaɪm ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʁuːɐ̯] ⓘ, lit. 'Mülheim on the Ruhr'; Low German: Mölm; Kölsch: Müllem) and also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen. It is home to many companies, and two Max Planck Institutes.

Mülheim an der Ruhr was granted city rights in 1808, and a century later its population surpassed 100,000, officially making it a major city.
Ivan Kaye
Ivan Blakeley Kaye (born 1 July 1961) is an English actor and producer. His international fame came with roles in historical drama shows like the Duke of Milan in all three seasons of The Borgias, and King Aelle in the first four Seasons of History channel's series Vikings. More recent projects include action thriller Gunpowder Milkshake, the series pilot for Amazon's adaptation of Stephen King's The Dark Tower, the first British original Disney+ series Wedding Season and a leading role in the Irish comedy feature film Apocalypse Clown. In the UK, he is also widely known for many TV roles, including stints on Bad Girls and Bugs, and his role as Bryan in the comedy series The Green Green Grass.

The Green Green Grass
The Green Green Grass is a BBC television sitcom, created and initially written by John Sullivan, and produced by BBC Studios Comedy Productions and Shazam Productions for the BBC. It serves as both a sequel and a spin-off of the long-running sitcom Only Fools and Horses and stars John Challis, Sue Holderness, and Jack Doolan. Four series and three Christmas specials were originally broadcast on BBC One between 2005 and 2009.

The series follows three supporting characters from Only Fools and Horses: Boycie (John Challis), his wife Marlene (Sue Holderness), and their teenage son Tyler. In the first episode, they are forced to flee from Peckham to escape the wrath of the Driscoll brothers. They decide to set up home on a farm in Shropshire.
HESA Shahed 136
The HESA Shahed 136 (Persian: شاهد ۱۳۶, lit. 'Witness 136'), also known by its Russian designation Geran-2 (Russian: Герань-2, lit. 'Geranium-2'), is an Iranian-designed one-way attack drone also referred to as a kamikaze drone or suicide drone, in the form of an autonomous pusher-propelled drone. It is designed and manufactured by the Iranian state-owned corporation HESA in association with Shahed Aviation Industries.

The munition is designed to attack ground targets from a distance. The drone is typically fired in multiples from a launch rack. The first public footage of the drone was released in December 2021. Russia has made much use of the Shahed 136/Geran-2 in the Russo-Ukrainian war, especially in strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure, and mass-produces its own version.

In December 2025, the U.S. military announced it had developed the LUCAS drone, a clone of the Shahed 136, and deployed a squadron in the Middle East.

Shahed drones
Shahed drones are Iranian unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) and loitering munitions developed by Shahed Aviation Industries. Shahed drones are manufactured both in Iran and in Russia, with the Russian variant building upon Iranian plans. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, both variants have been deployed by Russian forces against Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian war.
Sarmientosaurus
Sarmientosaurus is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur belonging to the Titanosauria. It lived in what is now South America, specifically Argentina, during the  Upper Cretaceous Period about 95 million years ago. The type species is Sarmientosaurus musacchioi.

Titanosauria
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from every continent. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as Patagotitan, estimated at 37 m (121 ft) long with a mass of 69 tonnes (76 tons), and the comparably-sized Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus from the same region.

The group's name alludes to the mythological Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a nomen dubium) Titanosaurus. Together with the brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the relationships between titanosaur species are still not well-understood.
September 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
September 23 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 25

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 7 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 24th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 11.

September 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Sep. 10 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - Sep. 12

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on September 24 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 11th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 29.
Jim Piwowarczyk
James M. Piwowarczyk II (born June 22, 1970) is an American realtor, Republican politician, and former law enforcement officer from Washington County, Wisconsin. He is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, and represents Wisconsin's 98th Assembly district in the 2025–2026 term. He is also a co-founder and editor of the conservative news website Wisconsin Right Now.

Wisconsin's 98th Assembly district
The 98th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in southeastern Wisconsin, the district comprises part of northern Waukesha County and the southeast corner of Washington County.  It includes most of the city of Hartford along with the villages of Sussex and Merton.  The district also contains the Pike Lake State Park.  The district is represented by Republican Jim Piwowarczyk, since January 2025.

The 98th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 33rd Senate district, along with the 97th and 99th Assembly districts.

Downtown Hartford

Pike Lake State Park
Andy Kennedy
Andy Kennedy (born March 13, 1968) is an American college basketball coach who is the head coach of the UAB Blazers men's basketball team. He was head men's basketball coach at the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) from 2006 to 2018. Kennedy was a player in high school at both Winston Academy and Louisville High School.  He was a 1986 Parade All-American and he went on to play for North Carolina State and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB).  On March 20, 2020, he was announced as the seventh head coach of UAB.

UAB Blazers men's basketball
The UAB Blazers men's basketball team represents the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in NCAA Division I men's college basketball, with the 2023–24 season being the Blazers' first as members of the American Athletic Conference. The Blazers play home games at Bartow Arena and are coached by Andy Kennedy. UAB has appeared 17 times in the NCAA men's basketball tournament and most recently appeared in 2024.
Motorcycles in the United Kingdom fire services
The fire services in the United Kingdom use motorcycles (fire bikes) in various roles.  A number of fire and rescue services around the UK use fire motorcycles to deliver road safety messages.  From 2005, Merseyside fire service deployed a motorcycle in an automatic alarm response role, and from 2007 they have used two quad-bikes for public information campaigns.  In 2010, Merseyside became the first fire service in the UK to use fire motorcycles as an actual fire appliance, to be used to fight small fires.  Having been deployed in a six-month trial, if found successful they could be deployed to other services nationally.

Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service
Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service covering the county of Merseyside in north-west England and is the statutory Fire and Rescue Authority responsible for all 999 fire brigade calls in Sefton, Knowsley, St. Helens, Liverpool and Wirral.
Tillie Baldwin
Tillie Baldwin (January 11, 1888 – October 23, 1958), born Anna Mathilda Winger, was an American  rodeo contestant and performer in Wild West shows. She is credited as being one of the first women to attempt steer wrestling.

Wild West shows
Wild West shows were traveling vaudeville performances in the United States and Europe that existed around 1870–1920. The shows began as theatrical stage productions and evolved into open-air shows that depicted romanticized stereotypes of cowboys, Plains Indians, army scouts, outlaws, and wild animals that existed in the American West. While some of the storylines and characters were based on historical events, others were fictional or sensationalized.

American Indians in particular were portrayed in a sensationalistic and exploitative manner. The shows introduced many western performers and personalities, and romanticized the American frontier, to a wide audience.
Winnie Yu
Winnie Yu Tsang (Chinese: 俞琤; pinyin: Yú Chēng, born 1954) is a Hong Kong radio personality and was the deputy chairman of Commercial Radio Hong Kong from 2004 through 2015.

Yu is known for her puns in creating radio programme titles and slang phrases (e.g., si-dan-up/"是但噏", literally "freestyle talk", as a phonetic translation of "stand-up").

Over the years, Yu has mentored many musicians and DJs, including Tat Ming Pair and Jan Lamb.

Commercial Radio Hong Kong
Commercial Radio Hong Kong (CRHK, Chinese: 香港商業電台), also known as Hong Kong Commercial Broadcasting Company Limited, is one of the two commercial radio broadcasting companies in Hong Kong, alongside Metro Radio Hong Kong. CRHK offers a variety of radio programs, including news and weather reports, music, and cultural arts.
Tropolone
Tropolone is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H5(OH)O.  It is a pale yellow solid that is soluble in organic solvents.  The compound has been of interest to research chemists because of its unusual electronic structure and its role as a ligand precursor.  Although not usually prepared from tropone, it can be viewed as its derivative with a hydroxyl group in the 2-position.

Tropone
Tropone or 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one is an organic compound with some importance in organic chemistry as a non-benzenoid aromatic. The compound consists of a ring of seven carbon atoms with three conjugated alkene groups and a ketone group. The related compound tropolone (2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one) has an additional alcohol (or an enol including the double bond) group next to the ketone.  Tropones are uncommon in natural products, with the notable exception of the 2-hydroxyl derivatives, which are called tropolones.

Tropone has been known since 1951 and is also called cycloheptatrienylium oxide. The name tropolone was coined by M. J. S. Dewar in 1945 in connection to perceived aromatic properties.