hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Tripoli clashes
On 12 May 2025, clashes broke out in Tripoli, Libya, between the 444th Infantry Brigade and the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA). The fighting began after SSA commander Abdel Ghani al-Kikli was assassinated. This is the first major armed clash in Tripoli since the 2023 Tripoli clashes.

On 14 May 2025, a ceasefire was announced with the fighting easing but still occurring. Libya's defense ministry said the ceasefire began in all areas of tension in Tripoli as part of efforts "to protect civilians, preserve state institutions, and avoid further escalation."

2023 Tripoli clashes
In August 2023, clashes broke out in Tripoli, Libya, between the Special Deterrence Force (RADA) and the 444th Combat Brigade, two of the strongest military forces in the city. Both had supported the provisional Government of National Unity during the 2022 Tripoli clashes. Fighting erupted on 14 August when RADA fighters detained 444th Brigade commander Mahmoud Hamza and lasted until 15 August, which forced the city's main airport to close. At least 55 people were reported dead. This was the deadliest armed clash of 2023 in Tripoli.
MPTP
MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is an organic compound. It is classified as a tetrahydropyridine. It is of interest as a precursor to the monoaminergic neurotoxin MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. It has been used to study disease models in various animals.

While MPTP itself has no psychoactive effects, the compound may be accidentally produced during the manufacture of MPPP, a synthetic opioid drug with effects similar to those of morphine and pethidine (meperidine). The harmful effects of MPTP were first discovered when a group of people fell ill after injecting illegally obtained MPPP.

MPP+
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) or cyperquat is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.

MPP+ arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP+ to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983.

The chloride salt of MPP+ found use in the 1970s as an herbicide under the common name cyperquat. Though no longer in use as an herbicide, cyperquat's closely related structural analog paraquat still finds widespread usage, raising some safety concerns.
Downtown San Diego
Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, California, the eighth largest city in the United States. It houses the major local headquarters of the city, county, state, and federal governments. The area comprises seven neighborhoods: Gaslamp Quarter, East Village, Columbia, Marina, Cortez Hill, Little Italy, and Core.

The downtown area is home of the San Diego Convention Center, the city's primary convention center. It is also home of the San Diego Symphony and the San Diego Opera, as well as several performing arts venues, such as Jacobs Music Center, the Rady Shell at Jacobs Park, and the San Diego Civic Theatre.

Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay, which houses the USS Midway Museum and the Maritime Museum of San Diego. Balboa Park is a historic urban cultural park that borders the area. San Diego International Airport is located three miles (4.8 km; 2.6 nmi) northwest of downtown.

Columbia, San Diego
Columbia is a neighborhood in downtown San Diego, California. It is largely commercial, however there are many high-rise condominium buildings under construction.

The USS Midway Museum and the Maritime Museum of San Diego are located in this neighborhood.
Shinako Tanaka
Shinako Tanaka (田中 姿子, Tanaka Shinako; born July 28, 1975, in Saitama) is a female beach volleyball player from Japan, who won the silver medal in the women's team competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, partnering compatriot Eiko Koizumi. In the final the couple lost (1-2) to the Chinese pair Xue Chen and Zhang Xi. Tanaka started her sports career in indoor volleyball, and played for the Women's National Team.

Eiko Koizumi
Eiko Koizumi (小泉 栄子, Koizumi Eiko; born September 1, 1973 in Hyougo) is a beach volleyball player from Japan. She won the silver medal in the women's team competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, partnering compatriot Shinako Tanaka. In the final the couple lost (1-2) to the Chinese pair Xue Chen and Zhang Xi.
Pan Yaung Chel
Pan Yaung Chel (Burmese: ပန်းရောင်ခြယ်; born 14 January 1996) is an Anglo-Burmese actress-singer and songwriter best known for her pop songs, films and commercials. She debuted as an artist with the album "Wake Up Daddy!" produced together with her father Graham, a pop legend of Myanmar. After several years, she took on her first acting role and from then on, continues to work as an actress in films and television series, as well as a pop and RnB artist. She was born in Myanmar, and raised in both Myanmar and Australia.

Graham (musician)
Graham (Burmese: ဂရေဟမ်, Burmese pronunciation: [gəjèhàɴ]) is a Burmese singer best known for his pop songs, as well as duets with female artists, TV commercial songs and original soundtracks. He was the first male artist to have won the "Best Male Recording Artist of the Year Award" given by Yangon City FM.
Landwade
Landwade is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Exning, in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is 4 miles north of Newmarket. It was one of the smallest parishes in the county, it is only 1 kilometre from north to south and at most 500m from east to west. In 1951 the parish had a population of 38.

The village is crossed by the New River (formerly known as Monk's Lode), a small river that flows through Wicken Fen and reaches the River Cam at Upware. The village's name probably derives in part from gewaed, an Old English word meaning "ford".

Exning
Exning is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England.

It lies just off the A14 trunk road, roughly 12 miles (19 km) east-northeast of Cambridge, and 10 miles (16 km) south-southeast of Ely. The nearest large town is Newmarket.

The most conspicuous building in Exning is the Church of St Martin, which is visible from the A14.
Cumbo Tower
The Cumbo Tower (Maltese: Torri Cumbo) is a historic residential building located in Mosta, Malta. Its site is traditionally associated with the legend of the bride of Mosta (Maltese: l-għarusa tal-Mosta), which is possibly based on a 1526 raid. The present building was constructed in around the 19th century.

Raid on Mosta
The raid on Mosta was an attack by Barbary pirates on the village of Mosta, Malta, then part of the Kingdom of Sicily, in 1526. Several villagers were killed and around 400 people were captured and enslaved; according to tradition, these included a bride and some of her wedding guests. The episode came to be referenced in Maltese folklore as the tale of the bride of Mosta (Maltese: l-għarusa tal-Mosta; Italian: la sposa della Mosta).
Artocarpus blancoi
Artocarpus blancoi is a species of large tree in the family Moraceae endemic to the Philippines. Its habitat (among seasonal forest or thicket growth in low-lying areas) is threatened.

It is locally known as tipolo, tipulo, or atipolo in Tagalog and the Visayan languages (Philippine Spanish: antipolo). Paper production and being a shade provider are its primary uses, although its seeds and fruits are edible and used in the same way as its close relatives, the breadfruit and the seeded breadfruit. The City of Antipolo got its name from the said tree.

Artocarpus camansi
Artocarpus camansi, the breadnut, is a species of medium-sized tree in the family Moraceae. The wild ancestor of A. altilis (breadfruit), it is also known as seeded breadfruit to distinguish it from its mostly seedless descendant.

The breadnut is native to New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, and the Philippines. Both the fruit and seeds are edible after cooking.
The Hamnet Players
The Hamnet Players is a virtual theater group, founded in 1993 by Stuart Harris, an English writer living in San Diego, California. There have been six Hamnet Players productions, beginning in 1993 with a virtual theatre performance using Internet Relay Chat (IRC), based on William Shakespeare's Hamlet. The show "Hamnet" is cited as the first-ever experiment with virtual theater.

IRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging. IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client–server networking model. Users connect, using a client—which may be a web app, a standalone desktop program, or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of ways used to connect include the programs Mibbit, KiwiIRC, and mIRC.

IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users by 2012. In April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time.
Telus Corporation
Telus Corporation (also shortened and referred to as Telus Corp, and stylized as TELUS) is a Canadian publicly traded holding company and conglomerate, headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, which is the parent company of several subsidiaries: Telus Communications offers telephony, television, data and Internet services; Telus Mobility offers wireless services; Telus Health operates companies that provide health products and services; and Telus Digital operates worldwide, providing multilingual customer service outsourcing and digital IT services. Telus has a long history and is listed with the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX:T).

History of Telus
This is a timeline of Telus Corporation (also referred to as Telus Corp.), a publicly traded Canadian multinational holding company offering a range of telecommunications, health, safety, and security products and services.  The company operates Telus Communications Inc., which offers telephony, television, data and Internet services, Telus Mobility, a division that offers wireless services, Telus Health, which operates companies that provide health products and services, and Telus International which operates worldwide, providing multilingual customer service outsourcing and digital IT services.

By 2014, Bell Canada, Rogers Communications, Telus, Shaw Communications, and Quebecor Media—the "Big Five"—were the largest telecommunications companies in Canada, in that order. The  "Big 5" had become "enormous media conglomerates" active across Canada in many "telecoms, media and internet markets" with "mobile wireless and internet access.".
Heinrich Wicker
Heinrich Wicker (30 June 1921 – 29 April 1945) was a German SS-Untersturmführer. He was the last commandant of the Dachau concentration camp. In the final weeks of the war, Wicker was responsible for leading a death march in which nearly 200 prisoners died. He was later summarily executed by American soldiers during the Dachau liberation reprisals.

Dachau liberation reprisals
During the Dachau liberation reprisals, German SS troops were killed by outraged U.S. soldiers and concentration camp prisoners at the Dachau concentration camp on April 29, 1945, during World War II. It is unclear how many SS guards were killed in the incident, but most estimates place the number killed at around 35 to 50. In the days before the camp's liberation, SS guards at the camp had forced 7,000 inmates on a death march that resulted in the death of many from exposure and shooting. When Allied soldiers liberated Dachau, they were variously shocked, horrified, disturbed, and infuriated at finding the massed corpses of prisoners, and by the combativeness of some of the remaining guards who allegedly fired on them.
Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
Kakawin Bhāratayuddha is an Old Javanese poetical rendering of some books (parva) of the Mahabharata by Mpu Sedah and his brother Mpu Panuluh in Indian meters (kāvya or Kakawin). The commencement of this work was exactly 6 November 1157 by Sedah, and finished by Panuluh.: 168  The year of the composition is given in a chronogram sanga-kuda-śuddha-candramā which gives the year 1079 Saka. This is the equivalent of 1157 AD. Bhāratayuddha means "India's War" or "War of Bharat".

It is about the great war between the Pāndavas and the Kauravas on the Kuru field.

Bharatayuddha
Bharatayuddha (Sanskrit: भारतयुद्ध;, Bhāratayuddha) or Bharat Yudha (or similar) is a term used in Indonesia for the Kurukshetra War, and to describe the Javanese translation and interpretation of the Mahabharata. The Mahabharata was translated into Old Javanese under the reign of king Dharmawangsa of Medang (r. 990-1006). The current version was started by Sedah in 1157, and finished by mpu Panuluh.  Mpu Panuluh also wrote the Kakawin Hariwangsa.: 168

According to the Javanese tradition, the war between descendants of emperor Bharata was already destined by the gods long before the Pandavas and Kauravas were born.
Aaron Nesmith
Aaron Joshua Nesmith (/ˈniːsmɪθ/ NEE-smith; born October 16, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Vanderbilt Commodores before being drafted 14th overall in the 2020 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. He was part of the roster that reached the 2022 NBA Finals before he was traded to the Pacers in a package surrounding Malcolm Brogdon.

Malcolm Brogdon
Malcolm Moses Brogdon (born December 11, 1992) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association for nine seasons. He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers under Tony Bennett.

As a senior in 2015–16, Brogdon was a consensus first-team All-American. He was also named the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Player of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year, becoming the first player in conference history to earn both honors in the same season.

Brogdon was selected in the second round of the 2016 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 36th overall pick. He went on to win the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, becoming the first second-round pick in the NBA to win the award since 1965. In 2019, Brogdon became the eighth player in NBA history to achieve a 50–40–90 season. He also played for the Indiana Pacers, Boston Celtics, Portland Trail Blazers, and Washington Wizards. Brogdon was the 2023 NBA Sixth Man of the Year.
Rothschild properties in the home counties
In the 19th century members of the English Rothschild family bought and built many country houses in the home counties, furnishing them with the art the family collected. The area of the Vale of Aylesbury, where many of the houses were situated, became known as "Rothchildshire". In the 20th century many of these properties were sold off with their art collections dispersed. Today only Eythrope House still belongs to the family, although they still retain influence in how Ascott House and Waddesdon Manor are managed. In the loss of country houses in the 20th century only Aston Clinton was lost.

Eythrope
Eythrope (previously Ethorp) is a hamlet and country house in the parish of Waddesdon, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located to the south east of the main village of Waddesdon. It was bought in the 1870s by a branch of the Rothschild family, and belongs to them to this day.

Eythrope is Grade II listed on the National Heritage List for England, and its gardens are also grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Tremblay's salamander
Tremblay's salamander (Ambystoma tremblayi) is a member of the family Ambystomidae from the United States of America and Canada. Reaching between 9.3 and 16 cm (3.7 and 6.3 in), the salamander is long and slender with many bluish-white markings. It is dark gray to gray-black and the area around the vent is black. Tremblay's salamander is a hybrid species of Jefferson salamanders (A. jeffersonianum) and blue-spotted salamanders (A. laterale). This hybridization created two all-female species: Tremblay's and silvery salamanders. These genetic curiosities possess three sets of chromosomes instead of the normal two.

Jefferson salamander
The Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) is a mole salamander native to the northeastern United States, southern and central Ontario, and southwestern Quebec. It was named after Jefferson College in Pennsylvania.

It is typically dark gray, brown, or black on its dorsal surface, but a lighter shade on its anterior. Some individuals may also have silver or blue specks on their sides; the area around the vent is usually gray. These salamanders are slender, with a wide nose and distinctive long toes, and range in size from 11 to 18 cm (4.3 to 7.1 in).

Like other mole salamanders, the Jefferson salamander burrows; they have well-developed lungs suited for this purpose. Nocturnal by nature, they can be spotted by day during the mating season. Breeding occurs in early spring, after the snow in the area has melted.
South Carolina Highway 8
South Carolina Highway 8 (SC 8) is a 44.030-mile (70.859 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from U.S. Route 276 (US 276) in northern Greenville County to US 25 and SC 418 in Ware Place. It travels physically north and south though it is signed as a west–east highway with its western terminus at US 276 and its eastern terminus at US 25/SC 418.

South Carolina Highway 418
South Carolina Highway 418 (SC 418) is a 24.740-mile (39.815 km), east–west state highway in upstate South Carolina. It travels between U.S. Route 25 (US 25) in southern Greenville County and SC 101/SC 146 in southern Spartanburg County; it also travels through northern Laurens County.
Key date
A key date is a term used in coin collecting and it refers to a date (or date and mint mark combination) of a given coin series or coin set that is harder to obtain than other dates in the series. A key date coin is usually one with a lower mintage total and it is more valuable than others in the series. Many coin collectors collect coins to fill out a complete set of a series.

There are also semi-key dates in coin collecting. A semi-key date coin is typically one that is not as rare as the key date. The semi-key date often sells for a premium over common date coins, but less than the cost of a key date coin.

Coin set
A coin set, or mint set, is a collection of uncirculated or proof coins, released by a mint. Such sets are usually released annually and often called a year set. They include sets of all the circulating coins of that year, as well as sets of commemorative coins.
Single-phase generator
Single-phase generator (also known as single-phase alternator) is an alternating current electrical generator that produces a single, continuously alternating voltage. Single-phase generators can be used to generate power in single-phase electric power systems. However, polyphase generators are generally used to deliver power in three-phase distribution system and the current is converted to single-phase near the single-phase loads instead. Therefore, single-phase generators are found in applications that are most often used when the loads being driven are relatively light, and not connected to a three-phase distribution, for instance, portable engine-generators. Larger single-phase generators are also used in special applications such as single-phase traction power for railway electrification systems.

Polyphase coil
Polyphase coils are electromagnetic coils  connected together in a polyphase system such as a generator or motor.  In modern systems, the number of phases is usually three or a multiple of three. Each phase carries a sinusoidal alternating current whose phase is delayed relative to one of its neighbours and advanced relative to its other neighbour. The phase currents are separated in time evenly within each period of the alternating current. For example, in a three-phase system, the phases are separated from each other by one-third of the period.
Tom Kitt (musician)
Thomas Robert Kitt is an American composer, conductor, orchestrator, and musician. For his score for the musical Next to Normal, he shared the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Brian Yorkey. He has also won two Tony Awards and an Outer Critics Circle Award for Next to Normal, as well as Tony and Outer Critics Circle nominations for If/Then and SpongeBob SquarePants. He has been nominated for eight Drama Desk Awards, winning one, and he won two Grammy Awards for Best Musical Theater Album for Jagged Little Pill in 2021 and Hell's Kitchen in 2025.

Brian Yorkey
Brian Yorkey is an American playwright and lyricist. His works often explore dark and controversial subject matter such as mental illness, grief, the underbelly of suburbia, and ethics in both psychiatry and public education.
Crouch Valley line
The Crouch Valley line (sometimes referred to as the Southminster branch line) is a branch line off the Shenfield–Southend line in Essex, in the east of England. It links Wickford in the west to Southminster in the east. During peak hours, trains connect to or from the Great Eastern Main Line at Shenfield, and its London terminus at Liverpool Street.

The line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.05, and is classified as a London and South East commuter line. The stations and passenger services on the line are currently operated by Greater Anglia.

Shenfield–Southend line
The Shenfield–Southend line is a branch line off the Great Eastern Main Line in Essex, in the east of England. It links Shenfield in the west to Southend Victoria, in Southend-on-Sea, in the east. The vast majority of services connect to or from the Great Eastern Main Line and its London terminus at Liverpool Street.

The line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.05, and is classified as a London and South East commuter line. Passenger services on the line are currently operated by Greater Anglia.
Nitria (monastic site)
Nitria (also called the Mountain of Nitria or Petoou Mpihosm in Greek and Latin sources) is one of the earliest Christian monastic sites in Egypt and is located in the Nitrian Desert. It was the first of the three major centers of Christian monastic activity in the Lower Egypt, the other two being Kellia and Scetis.

Kellia
Kellia ("the Cells"), referred to as "the innermost desert", was a 4th-century Egyptian Christian monastic community spread out over many square kilometers in the Nitrian Desert about 65 km (40 mi) south of Alexandria. It was one of three centers of monastic activity in the region, along with Nitria and Scetis (Wadi El Natrun). It is called al-Muna in Arabic and was inhabited until the 9th century. Only archaeological sites remain there today.