hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Organization of American States
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The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA; Spanish: Organización de los Estados Americanos; Portuguese: Organização dos Estados Americanos; French: Organisation des États américains) is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas.

Headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, the OAS is a "multilateral regional body focused on human rights, electoral oversight, social and economic development, and security in the Western Hemisphere", according to the Council on Foreign Relations. As of November 2023, 32 states in the Americas are OAS members.

Albert Ramdin of Suriname was inaugurated as OAS secretary general in May 2025, replacing Luis Almagro of Uruguay.

Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (commonly known as the Rio Treaty, the Rio Pact, the Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, or by the Spanish-language acronym TIAR from Tratado Interamericano de Asistencia Recíproca) is an intergovernmental collective security agreement signed in 1947 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at a meeting of the American states.

The central principle contained in its articles is that an attack against one is to be considered an attack against them all; this was known as the "hemispheric defense" doctrine. Despite this, several members have breached the treaty on multiple occasions.

The treaty was initially created in 1947 and came into force in 1948, in accordance with Article 22 of the treaty. The Bahamas was the most recent country to sign and ratify it in 1982.
Physical neural network
A physical neural network is a type of artificial neural network in which an electrically adjustable material is used to emulate the function of a neural synapse or a higher-order (dendritic) neuron model. "Physical" neural network is used to emphasize the reliance on physical hardware used to emulate neurons as opposed to software-based approaches. More generally the term is applicable to other artificial neural networks in which a memristor or other electrically adjustable resistance material is used to emulate a neural synapse.

Memristor
A memristor (/ˈmɛmrɪstər/; a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a non-linear two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage. It was described and named in 1971 by Leon Chua, completing a theoretical quartet of fundamental electrical components which also comprises the resistor, capacitor and inductor.

Chua and Kang later generalized the concept to memristive systems. Such a system comprises a circuit, of multiple conventional components, which mimics key properties of the ideal memristor component and is also commonly referred to as a memristor. Several such memristor system technologies have been developed, notably ReRAM.

The identification of memristive properties in electronic devices has attracted controversy. Experimentally, the ideal memristor has yet to be demonstrated.
Ananda College
Ananda College (Sinhala: ආනන්ද විද්‍යාලය) is a prestigious Buddhist school in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is often known as "The Pinnacle of Buddhist education". It is the largest national Buddhist school for boys in Sri Lanka, with a student population exceeding 8,000 across 13 grades. It was established as the Buddhist English high school by Colonel Henry Steel Olcott in 1886, following the national renaissance which took place in latter half of the colonial Ceylon.

Henry Steel Olcott
Colonel Henry Steel Olcott (2 August 1832 – 17 February 1907) was an American military officer, journalist, lawyer, Freemason (member of Huguenot Lodge #448, later #46) and the co-founder and first president of the Theosophical Society.

Olcott was the first well-known American of European ancestry to make a formal conversion to Buddhism. His subsequent actions as president of the Theosophical Society helped create a renaissance in the study of Buddhism. Olcott is considered a Buddhist modernist for his efforts in interpreting Buddhism through a Europeanized lens.

Olcott was a major revivalist of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and he is still honored in Sri Lanka for these efforts. Vice President of the Ananda College Old Boys Association Samitha Seneviratne has said that "Col. Olcott's contribution towards the betterment of our country, nation, religion, justice and good conduct has been so great that he remains in our hearts forever".
Archduchess Maria Annunziata of Austria
Archduchess Maria Annunziata of Austria (31 July 1876 – 8 April 1961) was a daughter of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria and his third wife, Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal. She was Princess-Abbess of the Theresian Royal and Imperial Ladies Chapter of the Castle of Prague (1894–1918).

Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies
The Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies (Czech: Tereziánský ústav šlechtičen), officially the Imperial and Royal Theresian Stift for Noble Ladies in the Castle of Prague, was a Catholic monastic chapter of secular canonesses in Hradčany that admitted women from impoverished noble families from 1753 until 1918.
Makati Avenue
Makati Avenue (Filipino: Abenida Makati) is a major commercial thoroughfare in Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. It forms the eastern border of the Ayala Triangle and is one of the three main avenues of the Makati Central Business District. The avenue runs roughly north–south diagonally, almost parallel to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). It passes through two distinct neighborhoods of the city: the Makati CBD and the old Makati Población. At its northern end lies the older part of Makati, starting from J.P. Rizal Avenue. It continues through Población to Gil Puyat Avenue, marking the southern edge of the old district. South of Gil Puyat onto the CBD, the avenue becomes more commercial and upscale. The Ayala Center shopping hub and Arnaiz Avenue are at its southern end.

Makati Avenue has two lanes each way in the Poblacion area and widens to three or four in the CBD. It has a short extension into the gated San Lorenzo Village as San Lorenzo Drive.

Gil Puyat Avenue
Senator Gil J. Puyat Avenue, also known simply as Gil Puyat Avenue and by its former official name Buendia Avenue, is a major arterial thoroughfare which runs east–west through Makati and Pasay in western Metro Manila, Philippines. It is one of the busiest avenues in Metro Manila, linking the Makati Central Business District with the rest of the metropolis.

The entire route currently forms part of National Route 190 (N190) of the Philippine highway network. Part of the avenue from Roxas Boulevard to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue was previously designated as a component of Circumferential Road 3 of the Metro Manila Arterial Road System.
William Henry David Birch
William Henry David Birch, also known as David Birch R.O.I. (May 19th 1895, Epsom, Surrey, England, British Empire – March 10th 1968, Epsom, Surrey, England, United Kingdom) was a British artist, painter and illustrator.

David Birch was the Principal of Epsom and Ewell School of Art started from 1930 and retired in 1961.

Surrey Institute of Art & Design, University College
51°12′58″N 0°48′22″W﻿ / ﻿51.216°N 0.806°W﻿ / 51.216; -0.806
Surrey Institute of Art & Design, University College (SIAD) was an art college in the United Kingdom from 1994 to 2005. It was formed from the merger of West Surrey College of Art and Design (1969–1995) and Epsom School of Art and Design (1893–1995). It merged with the Kent Institute of Art & Design on 1 August 2005 to form the University College for the Creative Arts at Canterbury, Epsom, Farnham and Rochester, now the University for the Creative Arts.
W. A. Poucher
William Arthur Poucher (1891–1988), known as Walter, a nickname he acquired during his Army service,
was one of the leading British mountain photographers and guide book writers during and following World War II. He personally explored and photographed all the routes he describes in his famous mountain guides, so that users can be assured of correct directions. His guides were based on earlier books covering most of the mountainous regions of Britain, but exclude routes on less popular mountains such as the Berwyns in north Wales, and are restricted in areas such as the Black Mountains and Brecon Beacons. He was an accomplished and skilled photographer. He joined the Royal Photographic Society in 1940, achieving Associateship in 1941 and Fellowship (FRPS). He was awarded Honorary Fellowship in 1975.

He was also a leading researcher who specialised in the chemistry of perfumes, cosmetics and soaps.

George and Ashley Abraham
George and Ashley Abraham (George Dixon Abraham, FRPS, 7 October 1871 – 4 March 1965; Ashley Perry Abraham, 20 February 1876 – 9 October 1951), sometimes referred to as "The Keswick Brothers",  were rock climbers, authors and photographers who lived in Keswick, Cumberland in the English Lake District. They made a photographic record of the exploits of many of the climbing pioneers, especially Owen Glynne Jones, with whom they formed a close climbing partnership from 1896 until his death in 1899. Most of their work was done between 1890 and 1920 and forms a valuable record of the evolution of early rock climbing in the region.
Leeds Rhinos
The Leeds Rhinos are a professional rugby league club in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club play their home games at AMT Headingley Rugby Stadium and compete in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Leeds Rhinos have won the League Championship 11 times, Challenge Cup 14 times and World Club Challenge three times.

The club share big long-standing West Yorkshire Derby rivalries and City rival with Hunslet Rugby League Huddersfield Giants and Bradford Bulls. Leeds' traditional home colours are blue and amber shirts with white shorts and blue socks.

Hunslet F.C. (1883)
Hunslet F.C. was a professional rugby league club based in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club was a founding member of the Rugby Football League in 1895.

Hunslet were a strong force in the early years of the Northern Union, winning the League Championship and Challenge Cup twice. Their greatest achievement was winning All Four Cups in 1908.

The club played home games at Parkside and had a cross city rivalry with Leeds. After the club disbanded in 1973 a new club; New Hunslet was formed.
Dorothy Knowles
Dorothy Elsie Knowles CM SOM RCA (April 6, 1927 – May 16, 2023) was a Canadian visual artist, most notable for her landscape paintings. She was the widow of William Perehudoff, a fellow artist who is closely associated with the Color Field movement.

Knowles died in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, on May 16, 2023, at the age of 96.

Saskatchewan Order of Merit
The Saskatchewan Order of Merit is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Instituted in 1985 by Lieutenant Governor Frederick Johnson, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Grant Devine, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Saskatchewan residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described in law as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Saskatchewan Crown.
Ozawkie, Kansas
Ozawkie is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 638.  Located adjacent to Perry Lake, Ozawkie formerly existed in a different location but was relocated without the aid of government funding prior to the reservoir's construction.

Perry Lake (Kansas)
Perry Lake is a US Army Corps of Engineers operated reservoir in northeast Kansas. Its primary purposes are flood control, water reserve for nearby areas and regional recreation. The lake is approximately 11,150 acres (45 km2) in size, with over 160 miles (260 km) of shoreline. Perry Lake's full multi-purpose pool elevation is 891.5 feet (271.7 m) above sea level. Perry Lake is located about 40 miles (64 km) west of Kansas City, just northwest of Lawrence, Kansas. Its close proximity to Kansas City, Lawrence, and the state capitol, Topeka, make it a very popular destination, with the nickname "Paradise on the Plains".
Liu Yifei
Liu Yifei (刘亦菲; born August 25, 1987) is a Chinese American actress. She has appeared multiple times on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list and was named one of the New Four Dan actresses of China by Tencent Entertainment in 2009. She is known for her roles in Chinese TV shows such as The Story of a Noble Family, Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils, Chinese Paladin, A Dream of Splendor, The Tale of Rose and Meet Yourself. She became known to international audiences as the titular character in the Disney live-action film Mulan.

A Dream of Splendor
A Dream of Splendor (simplified Chinese: 梦华录; traditional Chinese: 夢華錄; pinyin: Mèng huá lù) is a 2022 Chinese historical drama television series directed by Yang Yang and starring Liu Yifei, Chen Xiao, Liu Yan and Lin Yun. Set in the Northern Song dynasty, the series is based on the (Yuan Opera-style) drama Zhao Pan'er Fengyue Jiu Feng Chen《赵盼儿风月救风尘》 by the Yuan dynasty playwright Guan Hanqing. It is airing on Tencent Video and WeTV from June 2, 2022, to July 24, 2022. Hong Kong's TVB was the first television station to broadcast this drama on TVB Jade from September 5, 2022, to October 14, 2022, previously on its streaming service MyTV SUPER from June 9 to July 2, 2022.  It later went on national broadcast and aired simultaneously on Beijing Satellite Television from 22 November 2022.
Pontardawe
Pontardawe (Welsh pronunciation: [pɔntarˈdawɛ] ⓘ) is a town and a community in the lower Swansea Valley (Welsh: Cwmtawe). It had a population of approximately 7,172 in the 2021 Census for Pontardawe Parish, and forms part of the county borough of Neath Port Talbot.

On the opposite bank of the River Tawe is the village of Alltwen, part of the community of Cilybebyll, and is administered separately from Pontardawe. The town is at the crossroads of the A474 road and the A4067 road.

Pontardawe came into existence as a small settlement on the north-western bank of the River Tawe, where the drovers' road from Neath and Llandeilo crossed the river to go up the valley to Brecon. The National Cycle Route 43 from Swansea to Builth Wells passes through the town and the recreation ground.

Swansea Valley
The Swansea Valley (Welsh: Cwm Tawe; lit. 'Tawe Valley') is one of the South Wales Valleys. It is the valley from the Brecon Beacons National Park to the sea at Swansea of the River Tawe in Wales. Administration of the area is divided between the City and County of Swansea, Neath Port Talbot County Borough, and Powys. A distinction may be drawn between the Lower Swansea Valley and the Upper Swansea Valley; the former was more heavily industrialised during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Lady Margaret Heathcote
Lady Margaret Heathcote (née Yorke; 21 March 1733 – 19 August 1769) was a British aristocrat and poet. The daughter of Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke and husband of Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 3rd Baronet, she wrote several poems throughout her life, some of which were posthumously published.

Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, PC (1 December 1690 – 6 March 1764) was an English lawyer and politician who served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. He was a close confidant of the Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister between 1754 and 1756 and 1757 until 1762.
Zitadelle (Berlin U-Bahn)
Zitadelle is a station on the Berlin U-Bahn line U7. It was opened on 1 October 1984 with the line's extension from Rohrdamm to Rathaus Spandau. Its name means "Citadel" in English and it was named for the historic Spandau Citadel. Unlike most U-Bahn stations, Zitadelle has side platforms.
The station's interiors were also designed to resemble the citadel's style.

It lies between the stations Altstadt Spandau and Haselhorst.
It was built/opened by R.G.Rümmler in 1984 (planned was the name "Am Juliusturm"). This station has side platforms because during its construction the important street above could not be blocked. So first the northern platform was built then the southern.
The next station is Haselhorst.

Haselhorst (Berlin U-Bahn)
Haselhorst is a station on the Berlin U-Bahn line U7. It was opened on 1 October 1984 with the line's extension from Rohrdamm to Rathaus Spandau. Its name means "hazel eyrie" in English; it was named for the locality where it lies: Haselhorst in the borough of Spandau. It lies between the stations Zitadelle and Paulsternstraße.
It was built by R.G.Rümmler, mentionable are interesting light effects on the ceiling. The next station is Paulsternstraße.
Globus pharyngeus
Globus pharyngeus (also termed globus pharyngis, globus hystericus, or globus sensation) is the persistent but painless sensation of having a pill, food bolus, or some other sort of obstruction in the throat when there is none. Swallowing is typically performed normally, so it is not a true case of dysphagia, but it can become quite irritating. It is common, with 22–45% of people experiencing it at least once in their lifetime.

Dysphagia
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing. Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10, in some contexts it is classified as a condition in its own right.

It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach, a lack of pharyngeal sensation or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together. A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia.
Abraham Silberschein
Adolf Henryk Silberschein, also known as Abraham Silberschein (born March 30, 1882, in Lwów, Austria-Hungary, today Ukraine, died December 30, 1951, in Geneva, Switzerland) was a Polish-Jewish lawyer, activist of the World Jewish Congress, Zionist, member of the Polish Sejm (1922–1927). During the Holocaust he was a member of the Ładoś Group also called the Bernese Group, an informal cooperation of Jewish organizations and Polish diplomats who fabricated and smuggled illegal Latin American passports to occupied Poland, saving their holders and their families from immediate deportation to German Nazi death camps.

Stefan Ryniewicz
Stefan Jan Ryniewicz (26 December 1903 – 9 March 1988) was a Polish diplomat and counselor of the Legation of Poland in Bern between 1940 and 1945. He was a member of the Ładoś Group also called as Ładoś Group and played a crucial role in illegal manufacturing of thousands of Latin American passports to save Jews from the Holocaust.
Cho Sung-min
Cho Sung-min (Korean: 조성민; April 5, 1973 – January 6, 2013) was a South Korean professional baseball player with the Yomiuri Giants of Japan and the Hanwha Eagles of the KBO League. He also received media attention for his much-publicized marriage and divorce from actress Choi Jin-sil.

Choi Jin-sil
Choi Jin-sil (Korean: 최진실; December 24, 1968 – October 2, 2008) was a South Korean actress. She was considered one of the greatest actresses in South Korea, nicknamed "The Nation's Actress" for playing leading roles in some of the highest-rated Korean dramas of all time such as Jealousy (1992), Season of Storms (1993), Star in My Heart (1997), You and I (1997) and My Rosy Life (2005). Her film work includes North Korea's Southern Army (1990), My Love, My Bride (1990), Susanne Brink's Arirang (1991) and The Letter (1997). Widely regarded as the most popular actress of her time, she led the entertainment industry in terms of commercial success across film, television, and advertising. She played leading roles in 18 films and 20 television dramas, appeared in hundreds of advertisements, and won several awards. She was 39 when she died by suicide by hanging on October 2, 2008, at her home in Seoul after being the victim of distressing rumours.
Une Bastholm
Une Aina Bastholm (born 14 January 1986) is a Norwegian politician and former leader of Green Party. She represented Oslo in the Storting from 2017 to 2021 and during this time was the only member of her party with a parliamentary seat. She was elected to represent Akershus following the 2021 election.

Oslo (Storting constituency)
Oslo is one of the 19 multi-member constituencies of the Storting, the national legislature of Norway. The constituency was established as Kristiania in 1921 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Storting. It was renamed Oslo from 1925. It is conterminous with the county of Oslo. The constituency currently elects 19 of the 169 members of the Storting using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2025 parliamentary election it had 518,708 registered electors.
Warner, New Hampshire
Warner is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,937 at the 2020 census. The town is home to Rollins State Park and Mount Kearsarge State Forest.

The town's central village, where 453 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Warner census-designated place (CDP) and is located along New Hampshire Route 103 and the Warner River. The town also includes the communities of Davisville, Lower Village, Melvin Mills, and Waterloo.

Rollins State Park
Rollins State Park is a public recreation area on the southern slope of Mount Kearsarge in Warner, New Hampshire. The state park is at the entrance to an auto road that ascends to within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the summit. Picnic facilities are available, and hiking trails leave from the high point of the auto road to the summit. The park is named for Frank W. Rollins, who served as governor of New Hampshire from 1899 to 1901.
Rochelle Mercedes Garza
Rochelle Mercedes Garza (born 1984/1985) is an American attorney from Brownsville, Texas, who currently serves as one of the five Commissioners on the United States Commission on Civil Rights. She is a civil rights attorney who practices family law, criminal defense, Immigration law, constitutional law and is the president of the Texas Civil Rights Project. In 2017 a federal notice was named after her because of her work in a notable reproductive rights case.

She was the Democratic nominee in the 2022 Texas Attorney General election, losing to incumbent Ken Paxton.

2022 Texas Attorney General election
The 2022 Texas Attorney General election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the Attorney General of Texas. Incumbent Republican Attorney General Ken Paxton won re-election to his third term. Paxton won 233 counties and won the popular vote by a margin of 9.7%, underperforming Governor Greg Abbott's concurrent bid for re-election by 1.1%.