hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.

Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Armstrong County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,558. The county seat is Kittanning. The county was organized on March 12, 1800, from parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming Counties. It was named in honor of John Armstrong, who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress and served as a major general during the Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
Linear multistep method
Linear multistep methods are used for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. Conceptually, a numerical method starts from an initial point and then takes a short step forward in time to find the next solution point. The process continues with subsequent steps to map out the solution. Single-step methods (such as Euler's method) refer to only one previous point and its derivative to determine the current value. Methods such as Runge–Kutta take some intermediate steps (for example, a half-step) to obtain a higher order method, but then discard all previous information before taking a second step. Multistep methods attempt to gain efficiency by keeping and using the information from previous steps rather than discarding it. Consequently, multistep methods refer to several previous points and derivative values. In the case of linear multistep methods, a linear combination of the previous points and derivative values is used.

Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term can also refer to the computation of integrals.

Many differential equations cannot be solved exactly. For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation. An alternative method is to use techniques from calculus to obtain a series expansion of the solution.

Ordinary differential equations occur in many scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation, which must then be solved.
Type 35 rifle
The Type 35 rifle (三十五年式) was created from the Type 30 rifle for the Imperial Japanese Navy as a replacement for their aging  Type 22 Murata rifles and to try to correct the deficiencies of the Type 30. The 35 referred to the adoption date, the Year 35 (1902) in the Meiji period according to the Japanese calendar.

Type 30 rifle
The Type 30 rifle Arisaka (三十年式歩兵銃, Sanjū-nen-shiki hoheijū; 'year 30 type infantry firearm') is a box-fed bolt-action repeating rifle that was the standard infantry rifle of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1897 (the 30th year of the Meiji period, hence "Type 30") to 1905.
Richard Lochhead
Richard Neilson Lochhead (born 24 May 1969) is a Scottish politician serving as the Minister for Business and Employment since 2023. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), he served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016. He rejoined government in 2018 and has served in a series of junior ministerial posts since. Lochhead has been a member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) since 1999, first representing North East Scotland electoral region from 1999 to 2006, before representing the Moray constituency since 2006.

North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
North East Scotland is one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament which were created in 1999. Ten of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies are sub-divisions of the region. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the region elects seven regional Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), in addition to the ten constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole, which thus elects a total of 17 MSPs.

The North East Scotland region shares boundaries with the Highlands and Islands and Mid Scotland and Fife regions.
Σ-finite measure
In mathematics, given a positive or a signed measure  on a measurable space , a -finite subset is a measurable subset which is the union of a countable number of measurable subsets of finite measure. The measure  is called a -finite measure if the set  is -finite.

A finite measure, for instance a probability measure, is always -finite.

A different but related notion that should not be confused with -finiteness is s-finiteness.

S-finite measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics that studies generalized notions of volumes, an s-finite measure is a special type of measure. An s-finite measure is more general than a finite measure, but allows one to generalize certain proofs for finite measures.

The s-finite measures should not be confused with the σ-finite (sigma-finite) measures.
Adrian Andreev
Adrian Andreev (Bulgarian: Адриан Андреев, born 12 May 2001) is a Bulgarian professional tennis player, who competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 183 achieved on 18 September 2023. He won the 2018 US Open Junior doubles title with Anton Matusevich. He reached a career-high ITF Junior singles ranking of world No. 2 on 31 December 2018.

Anton Matusevich
Anton Matusevich (born 30 May 2001) is a British tennis player.
He has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 388 achieved on 2 August 2021. He won the 2018 US Open Junior doubles title with Adrian Andreev.

Matusevich won the Battle of the Brits Premier League Tennis men's event, held in December 2020.
John Inman
Frederick John Inman (28 June 1935 – 8 March 2007) was an English actor and singer best known for his role as Mr. Humphries in Are You Being Served?, a British sitcom between 1972 and 1985, and the spin-off series Grace and Favour. He was the only actor from those series to reprise the role when an Australian version was launched.

In 1976, Inman was named both BBC TV Personality of the Year and TV Times readers' Funniest Man on Television. He was also a well-known character actor in the United Kingdom as a pantomime dame.

Grace & Favour
Grace & Favour (known as Are You Being Served? Again! in the United States and Canada) is a British television sitcom that was first broadcast on BBC1 from 10 January 1992 to 8 February 1993. It served as a sequel series to Are You Being Served?, and was written by Are You Being Served? creators and writers Jeremy Lloyd and David Croft. The series starred Mollie Sugden, Frank Thornton, John Inman, Wendy Richard and Nicholas Smith reprising their Are You Being Served? roles, and also starred Fleur Bennett, Joanne Heywood and Billy Burden.
Alexander Tcherepnin
Alexander Nikolayevich Tcherepnin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Черепни́н, romanized: Aleksandr Nikolayevich Cherepnin; 21 January 1899 – 29 September 1977) was a Russian-born composer and pianist.

His father, Nikolai Tcherepnin (pupil of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov), and his sons, Serge Tcherepnin and Ivan Tcherepnin, as well as two of his grandsons (sons of Ivan), Sergei and Stefan, were composers. His son Serge was involved in the earliest development of electronic music and instruments. His mother was a member of the artistic Benois family, a niece of Alexandre Benois.

Nikolai Tcherepnin
Nikolai Nikolayevich Tcherepnin or Cherepnin (Russian: Николай Николаевич Черепнин; May 15 [O.S. May 3] 1873 – 26 June 1945) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. He was born in Saint Petersburg and studied under Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. He conducted for the first Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.
GEIPAN
GEIPAN (an acronym in French for Groupe d'Études et d'Informations sur les Phénomènes Aérospatiaux Non-identifiés, or Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena Research and Information Group) (/ɡaɪˈpɑːn/) is a unit of the French space agency CNES based in Toulouse, whose mission is to investigate unidentified aerospace phenomena (UAP) and make its findings available to the public.

CNES
CNES (French: Centre national d'études spatiales, lit. 'National Centre for Space Studies') is the French national space agency. Headquartered in central Paris, the agency is overseen by the ministries of the Armed Forces, Economy and Finance and Higher Education, Research and Innovation.

It operates from the Toulouse Space Centre and the Guiana Space Centre. The president of CNES is François Jacq. CNES is a member of Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies. It is Europe's largest national organization of its type.
Singapore Land Tower
Singapore Land Tower is a 48-storey 190 m (620 ft) skyscraper located in the central business district of Singapore. The tower is located at 50 Raffles Place, adjacent to Raffles Place MRT station. It is just 100 metres away from Boat Quay and Collyer Quay.

The Embassy of Germany is located on the 28th floor, Embassy of Ukraine is on the 16th floor and the Embassy of Colombia occupies the 30th floor of the building.

Raffles Place
Raffles Place is the centre of the Financial District of Singapore and is located south of the mouth of the Singapore River. It was first planned and developed in the 1820s as Commercial Square to serve as the hub of the commercial zone of Singapore in Raffles Town Plan. It was renamed Raffles Place in 1858 and is now the site of a number of major banks. It is located in the Downtown Core within the Central Area, and features some of the tallest buildings and landmarks of the country.
Eric Edgar Cooke
Eric Edgar Cooke (25 February 1931 – 26 October 1964), nicknamed the Night Caller and later the Nedlands Monster, was an Australian serial killer who terrorised the city of Perth, Western Australia, from September 1958 to August 1963. Cooke committed at least 20 violent crimes, eight of which resulted in deaths.

Following a four-year killing spree, Cooke was eventually arrested and made extensive admissions to his crimes, including two of which Darryl Beamish and John Button had been wrongfully convicted. In the Supreme Court of Western Australia the jury rejected an insanity defence and he was convicted of wilful murder. Cooke was sentenced to death and hanged at Fremantle Prison. He was the last person to be executed in Western Australia.

Darryl Beamish
Darryl Beamish (born 1941) is a Western Australian man who was wrongfully convicted of wilful murder in 1961 and sentenced to death by hanging. The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and he was paroled in 1971, albeit he returned to prison for six years after assaulting a young girl while on parole. After six appeals, his murder conviction was finally overturned in 2005. The murder for which Beamish was wrongfully convicted had actually been committed by serial killer Eric Edgar Cooke.

Beamish became a suspect since he had recently pleaded to molesting four young girls and had a history of burglary. He was one of two men to be wrongfully convicted of murders committed by Cooke, the other being John Button. Unlike Beamish, Button was completely innocent of any crime.
Tri-Cities (Tennessee–Virginia)
The Tri-Cities is the region comprising the cities of Kingsport, Johnson City, and Bristol and the surrounding smaller towns and communities in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. All three cities are located in Northeast Tennessee, while Bristol has a twin city of the same name in Virginia.

The Tri-Cities region was formerly a single Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); due to the U.S. Census Bureau's revised definitions of urban areas in the early 2000s, it is now a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with two metropolitan components: Johnson City and Kingsport–Bristol, TN–VA.  However, the Tri-Cities are usually still considered one population center, which is the fifth-largest in Tennessee.

Bristol, Virginia
Bristol is an independent city in Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,219. It is the twin city of Bristol, Tennessee, just across the state line, which runs down the middle of its main street, State Street. As an independent city, Bristol is not part of any county, but it is adjacent to Washington County, Virginia. It is a principal city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had a population of 307,614 in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.
Jan Heemskerk
Jan Heemskerk Abrahamszoon (Dutch pronunciation: [jɑn ˈɦeːmskɛr(ə)k ˈaːbraːɦɑmˌsoːn]; 30 July 1818 – 9 October 1897) was a Dutch politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1874 to 1877, and again from 1883 to 1888. His son, Theo Heemskerk also served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

Theo Heemskerk
Theodorus Heemskerk (20 July 1852 – 12 June 1932) was a Dutch politician of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 12 February 1908 until 29 August 1913.

Heemskerk's time in politics saw the modernization of the country's poor law. His father Jan Heemskerk also served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
R. T. Rybak
Raymond Thomas Rybak Jr. (born November 12, 1955) is an American politician, journalist, businessman, and activist who served from 2002 to 2014 as the 46th mayor of Minneapolis. In 2001, Rybak defeated incumbent mayor Sharon Sayles Belton by a margin of 65% to 35%, the widest margin of victory over an incumbent mayor in city history. He took office in January 2002, and was reelected in 2005 and 2009. In December 2012, he announced that he would not run for another term and would concentrate on his family. Rybak called being mayor his "dream job".

Before being elected mayor, Rybak worked in journalism, business and activism. The first mayor of a major U.S. city to endorse Barack Obama's 2008 campaign for president, Rybak was one of five vice chairs of the Democratic National Committee.

Sharon Sayles Belton
Sharon Sayles Belton (born May 13, 1951) is an American community leader, politician and activist. She is Vice President of Community Relations and Government Affairs for Thomson Reuters Legal.

She served as mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1994 until 2001, and was the first African American and first woman to hold that position.
Investissement Québec
Investissement Québec (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃vɛstismɑ̃ kebɛk]) is a company established in 1998 under an act passed by the National Assembly of Quebec to favour investment in Quebec by Quebec-based and international companies. Its registered office is located in Quebec City. In December 2010 it took over the Société générale de financement.

Investissement Québec initially held a 19% stake in the Airbus A220 (formerly Bombardier CSeries) programme. This was increased to 25% in February 2020, at no cash cost to Investissement Québec, as part of a deal that saw Bombardier sell its share to Airbus.

Bombardier Aviation
Bombardier Aviation, a division of Bombardier Inc., is headquartered in Dorval, Quebec, Canada. The company currently produces the Global and Challenger series of business jets.

At its peak, Bombardier operated manufacturing plants in 27 countries and employed over 70,000 workers. However, under financial pressure, it significantly reduced its workforce and divested its entire commercial aircraft portfolio including the Q-Series regional turboprop, CRJ-Series of regional jets, and the C-Series narrowbody jet.
Robinson Department Store
Robinson Department Store is a Thai owned department store. It was established in 1979 and was merged with Central Group in 1995. It is positioned as a mid-market retailer. The company, Robinson Public Company Limited, was registered in the stock exchange of Thailand in 1992 under the ticker SET: ROBINS. It is listed on the SET50 index. The company and its subsidiaries operate department stores under the Robinson brand and shopping centers under Robinson Lifestyle brand.

After the merger  Robinson Department Store has been transferred to be under the management of  Central Department Store

As of year-end 2014 operated 39 stores in Thailand and two in Vietnam totaling over 450,000 m2 of retail space. A total of 48 branches were scheduled by the end of 2018: 11 branches in Bangkok Metropolitan Region and 37 branches in other provinces, together with 2 branches in Vietnam.

Central Department Store
Central Department Store (Thai: สรรพสินค้าเซ็นทรัล; Chinese: 尚泰; Pinyin: Shàngtài) is a Thai department store chain, owned by Central Group. It has branches in Thailand and Indonesia, and is also a Royal Warrant holder of the Thai Royal Family.
Robert McCloskey
John Robert McCloskey (September 15, 1914 – June 30, 2003) was an American writer and illustrator of children's books. He both wrote and illustrated eight picture books, and won two Caldecott Medals from the American Library Association for the year's best-illustrated picture book. Four of the eight books were set in Maine: Blueberries for Sal, One Morning in Maine, Time of Wonder, and Burt Dow, Deep-water Man (the last three of those four were all set on the coast). His best-known work is Make Way For Ducklings, set in Boston. In longer works, he both wrote and illustrated Homer Price and he illustrated Keith Robertson's Henry Reed series.

Homer Price
Homer Price is the central character in two children's books written and illustrated by Robert McCloskey, and title character of the first. Homer Price was published in 1943, and Centerburg Tales in 1951.
NCAA Division II men's cross country championships
The NCAA Division II men's cross country championships (previously the NCAA College Division cross country championships, from 1958 to 1973) are contested at an annual meet organized by the NCAA to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running among its Division II members in the United States and Canada. It has been held every fall, usually in November, since breaking off from the NCAA University Division Men's Cross Country Championships in 1958.

Initially created for cross country programs from smaller universities and colleges, a third championship, the NCAA Division III men's cross country championships, split away in 1973 when the NCAA created its current three-division structure.

Adams State have been the most successful program, with 13 national titles.

The defending national teams champions are Wingate, who won their second national title in 2025.

Adams State's Kidus Begashaw is the reigning individual champion.

NCAA Division III men's cross country championships
The NCAA Division III men's cross country championships are contested at an annual meet hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate cross country running among its Division III members in the United States. It has been held every fall, usually in November, since the NCAA split into its current three-division format in 1973.

North Central (IL) have been the most successful program, with 19 national titles.

The current champions are Wisconsin-La Crosse, who won their fifth national title in 2025.
Dubai One
Dubai One (formerly known as Ch33 and then One TV) is an Emirati English language entertainment television channel, owned by Dubai Media Incorporated. It was launched on 14 May 1994, and is currently managed by Sarah al Jarman. It airs a mix of locally produced and international syndicated content that caters English language and non-Arab viewers in the MENA region. It started broadcasting in HD on Nilesat 201 on 28 February 2019.

Dubai Media Incorporated
Dubai Media Incorporated (DMI) is the official media organization of the government of Dubai. It was established in 2003 as a state-owned company comprising a number of print, radio and TV channels under its umbrella, including: Dubai TV, Al Bayan, Dubai One, Dubai Sports, Emirates 24/7, Tawseel and Masar Printing Press. The chairman of the board of directors of DMI, Maktoum bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is also the deputy ruler of Dubai.
Charles Gerhardt (United States Army officer)
Brigadier General Charles Gerhardt (March 19, 1863 – June 5, 1957) was a United States Army officer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served in several conflicts, including the Sioux Wars and World War I. He is the father of Charles H. Gerhardt, who also served as an army general.

Charles H. Gerhardt
Major General Charles Hunter Gerhardt (June 6, 1895 – October 9, 1976) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in both World War I and World War II. During the latter, he commanded the 29th Infantry Division from 1943 until the end of the war and during part of the occupation of Germany. The division's most famous combat operations were the Omaha Beach landings of June 6, 1944 (his 49th birthday), otherwise known as D-Day, and the taking of the French crossroads town of Saint-Lô in July 1944.
Berea City School District
The Berea City School District is located in Berea, Ohio that serves Berea, Brook Park, and Middleburg Heights, as well as a portion of Olmsted Falls.

The district consists of one high school, one middle school, and three elementary schools.

Berea, Ohio
Berea (/bəˈriːə/ bə-REE-ə) is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Its population was 18,545 at the 2020 census. A western suburb of Cleveland, it is a part of the Cleveland metropolitan area. Berea is home to Baldwin Wallace University, the training facility for the Cleveland Browns, and the Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds.
Colne, Cambridgeshire
Colne is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Colne lies about 9 miles (14 km) east of Huntingdon; the villages of Bluntisham, Woodhurst, and Somersham are close by. Colne is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

Bluntisham
Bluntisham is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,003. Bluntisham lies approximately 8 miles (13 km) east of Huntingdon. Bluntisham is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.
The villages of Earith, Colne, Woodhurst, and Somersham are all close by.

The prime meridian passes through the western edge of Bluntisham.