hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikah halala
Nikah halala (Urdu: نکاح حلالہ), also known as tahleel marriage, is a practice in which a woman, after being divorced by her husband by triple talaq, marries another man, consummates the marriage, and gets divorced again in order to be able to remarry her former husband. Nikah means marriage and halala means to make something halal, or permissible. This form of marriage is haram (forbidden) according to the hadith of Islamic prophet Muhammad. Nikah halala is practiced by a small minority of Muslims, mainly in countries that recognise the triple talaq.

Divorce in Islam
Divorce according to Islamic law can occur in a variety of forms, some initiated by a husband and some by a wife. The main categories of Islamic customary law are talaq (repudiation), khulʿ (mutual divorce) and faskh (dissolution of marriage before the Religious Court). Historically, the rules of divorce were governed by sharia, as interpreted by traditional Islamic jurisprudence, though they differed depending on the legal school, and historical practices sometimes diverged from legal theory.

In modern times, as personal status (family) laws have been codified in Muslim-majority states, they generally have remained "within the orbit of Islamic law", but control over the norms of divorce shifted from traditional jurists to the state.
Law Society of Singapore
The Law Society of Singapore is a law society which represents all lawyers in Singapore. It is analogous to a bar association in other countries.

The society's motto is "An Advocate for the Profession, An Advocate for the Community." It moved its premises from South Bridge Road to Maxwell Chambers in 2019.

Law society
A law society is an association of lawyers with a regulatory role that includes the right to supervise the training, qualifications, and conduct of lawyers. Where there is a distinction between barristers and solicitors, solicitors are regulated by the law societies and barristers by a separate bar council.
Like Water (Wendy song)
"Like Water" is a song recorded by South Korean singer Wendy for her first extended play of the same name. Composed by production team Coach & Sendo and Anne Judith Stokke Wik from Dsign Music, together with Kenzie and Yoo Young-jin, it is an acoustic pop ballad and modern rock song. It was released on April 5, 2021, by SM Entertainment, along with an accompanying music video.

Like Water (EP)
Like Water is the debut extended play by South Korean singer Wendy. The EP was released on April 5, 2021, by SM Entertainment and consists of five tracks, including the two title tracks, "When This Rain Stops" and "Like Water". The EP makes Wendy the first Red Velvet member to make a solo debut.
Seder Olam Rabbah
Seder Olam Rabbah (Hebrew: סדר עולם רבה, "The Great Order of the World") is a 2nd-century CE Hebrew language chronology detailing the dates of biblical events from creation to Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia. It adds no stories beyond what is in the biblical text, and addresses such questions as the age of Isaac at his binding and the number of years that Joshua led the Israelites. Tradition considers it to have been written about 160 CE by Jose ben Halafta, but it was probably also supplemented and edited at a later period.

Jose ben Halafta
Jose ben Helpetha, commonly known as Jose ben Halafta (IPA: [ˈjosi ben xaˈlafta]) was a tanna of the fourth generation (2nd century CE). He is the fifth-most-frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah.  Yose Ben Halafta is the one of two rabbis called Rabbi Yose in the Talmud; the other being Jose ben Zimra, an amora.
Hayles Abbey Halt railway station
Hayles Abbey Halt railway station is a halt opened by the Great Western Railway on the Honeybourne Line from Honeybourne to Cheltenham which served the hamlet of Hailes in Gloucestershire, as well as the nearby Hailes Abbey, between 1928 and 1960. The line through the site of the station was reinstated in 1985 and opened in 1987 by the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway, although for many years no new halt was provided. The halt was eventually reopened on 5 June 2017 after being rebuilt by volunteers. Unlike the original, however, it only has a single platform. It lies between Toddington and Winchcombe stations.

Hailes Abbey
Hailes Abbey is a former Cistercian abbey, in the small village of Hailes, two miles northeast of Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, England.  It was founded in 1246 as a daughter establishment of Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire. The abbey was dissolved by Henry VIII in 1539. Little remains of the abbey. It is a Grade I listed building and a scheduled monument.

The site is owned by the National Trust but managed by English Heritage. There is a museum on the site holding many artefacts from the Abbey.
Chevron B31
The Chevron B31 was a sports prototype racing car built by Chevron Cars Ltd in 1975, and initially used in the European 2-Litre Championship. The car was an evolution of the Chevron B26, and was initially fitted with a 2-litre Hart 420R straight-four engine producing 290 hp (216.3 kW; 294.0 PS). However, various other engines were used; the car also ran with engines such as the 3-litre Cosworth DFV V8, the 2-litre Cosworth FVD/Cosworth BDG straight-four engines, and the 2-litre BMW M12 straight-four, amongst others.

Chevron Cars Ltd
Chevron Cars Ltd. is an English manufacturer of racing cars, founded by Derek Bennett in 1965.  Following Bennett's death in 1978, the firm has remained active in various guises.  The original company's designs and name continue to be used to build replacement parts and continuation models of earlier Chevrons.  In 2000, Chevron Racing Cars Ltd., founded by Vin Malkie acquired the trade mark Chevron Racing Cars Ltd and in addition to the company's other activities has designed and built new grand tourer racing cars under the Chevron name, as well as other continuation models of earlier Chevrons.
R. H. Boyd
Richard Henry Boyd (March 15, 1843 – August 22, 1922) was an African-American minister and businessman who was the founder and head of the National Baptist Publishing Board and a founder of the National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.

National Baptist Convention of America International
The National Baptist Convention of America International, (NBCA Intl or NBCA) more commonly known as the National Baptist Convention of America or sometimes the Boyd Convention, is a Christian denomination based in the United States. It is a predominantly African American Baptist denomination, and is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. The National Baptist Convention of America has members in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, and Africa. The current president of the National Baptist Convention of America is Dr. Samuel C. Tolbert Jr. of Lake Charles, Louisiana.
Luigi Canonica
Luigi Canonica (9 March 1762 in Tesserete, Canton Ticino – 7 February 1844 in Milan) was a Swiss architect and urban planner whose prominent career as an exponent of Neoclassicism was spent largely in Milan and Lombardy. He was the designated architect of the short-lived Cisalpine Republic, and, following the fall of the Napoleonic empire, of the kings of Sardinia. In Milan he was assigned to modify Giovanni Antonio Antolini's ambitious project for the Foro Buonaparte and the Arena.

Giovanni Antonio Antolini
Giovanni Antonio Antolini (11 September 1753 – 11 March 1841) was an Italian architect and writer. His most ambitious work was the uncompleted Foro Bonaparte at Milan, an idealistic and visionary project later modified by Luigi Canonica. Antolini's projects are important to the history of revolutionary and imperial architecture that developed out of the later phases of Neoclassicism.
Pseudohermaphroditism
Pseudohermaphroditism is a term for when an individual's gonads were mismatched with their internal reproductive system and/or external genitalia. The term was contrasted with "true hermaphroditism" (now known as ovotesticular syndrome), a condition describing an individual with both female and male reproductive gonadal tissues. Associated conditions includes Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome and forms of androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is the presence of Müllerian duct derivatives (fallopian tubes, uterus, and/or the upper part of the vagina)  in what would be considered a genetically and otherwise physically normal male.  In humans, PMDS typically is due to an autosomal recessive congenital disorder and is considered by some to be a form of pseudohermaphroditism due to the presence of Müllerian derivatives. PMDS can also present in non-human animals.

Typical features include undescended testes (cryptorchidism) and the presence of a small, underdeveloped uterus in an XY infant or adult. This condition is usually caused by deficiency of fetal anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) effect due to mutations of the gene for AMH or the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, but may also be as a result of insensitivity to AMH of the target organ.
TVB-Europe (broadcaster)
TVB-Europe is an online television service that streams content from Hong Kong's Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) to subscribers in Europe.

Initially established as The Chinese Channel Limited (TCC) (Chinese: 時視) in 1994 as a satellite television broadcaster based in the United Kingdom, it broadcast to 48 countries in Europe. The company became a wholly owned subsidiary of TVB in 2005 and the on-air identity was re-branded as TVB-Europe, though it retained "The Chinese Channel Limited" as a legal identity.

After transitioning from a satellite service into an online one, it was announced on December 9, 2014, that "The Chinese Channel Limited" was in administration, as TVB Europe the service is now run as part of TVB International operating from Hong Kong.

The satellite broadcasts of TVB Europe have now been replaced by TVB Anywhere since the launch of the new platform.

TVB Anywhere
TVB Anywhere is an online pay-TV and shopping platform launched by Hong Kong television station Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) for non-Hong Kong audience in 2016. It streams content from its TV channel via set-top box and mobile application. The service targets Overseas Chinese.

The set-top box service supports all overseas countries except for mainland China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Vietnam, United States and Canada; the mobile application named TVBAnywhere+ supports all overseas countries except for mainland China, Hong Kong, Canada, United States and Vietnam.
52nd Fighter Squadron
The 52nd Fighter Squadron is an active reserve unit of the United States Air Force, assigned to the 944th Operations Group, 944th Fighter Wing. Stationed at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, the squadron was most recently activated on 6 August 2021. Previously, it was with the Western Air Defense Force, based at Hamilton Air Force Base, California until its inactivation on 8 June 1951.

944th Fighter Wing
The 944th Fighter Wing is an Air Reserve component of the United States Air Force.  It is assigned to Tenth Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona.

The 944th is an associate unit of the 56th Fighter Wing of Air Education and Training Command (AETC) and if mobilized the wing is gained by AETC.
Elizabeth McGowan
Elizabeth H. McGowan (born April 15, 1961) is an American journalist and author. With David Hasemyer and Lisa Song, McGowan won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for their report on the Kalamazoo River oil spill.

She has worked as a freelance reporter and her work has been published by numerous newspapers, digital-outlets, and magazines such as, Grist magazine; Yale Environment 360; E/The Environmental Magazine; Washingtonian magazine; Intelligent Utility magazine; Outdoor America (magazine of the Izaak Walton League); the journal Appalachia; Capital Community News; the Gulf of Maine Times; Mizzou, the alumni magazine for the University of Missouri; Lore, the magazine of the Milwaukee Public Museum; and Nature Conservancy magazine.

McGowan met her husband, Don Looney, in 1991, when she decided to hike the entire Appalachian Trail after one of many cancer treatments; they married in 1997. Both of them are active volunteers.

Lisa Song
Lisa Song  is an American journalist and author. She won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting, with David Hasemyer and Elizabeth McGowan, for their report on the Kalamazoo River oil spill. She works for ProPublica, reporting on the environment, energy and climate change.
Jahari Stampley
Jahari Stampley (born July 19, 1999) is a Chicago-born pianist, composer, and bandleader. In 2023, at age 24, Stampley won the Herbie Hancock Institute International Piano Competition, one of the most prestigious awards in jazz. He has been featured in the New York Times, BBC, Jazzwise, NPR, and Chicago Tribune, and is widely considered as one of the leading emerging talents in contemporary jazz and free jazz. Stampley is endorsed by Yamaha and Rhodes piano.

Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz
The Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz is a non-profit music education organization founded in 1986. Before 2019, it was known as the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz, but was then renamed after its longtime board chairman, Herbie Hancock.

The institute has held its International Jazz Competition annually since 1987 and offered a full scholarship graduate-level college program since 1995. It organizes free jazz education programs in public schools throughout the United States and the world “to encourage imaginative thinking, creativity, a positive self-image and respect for one’s own and others’ cultural heritage.” It is also the lead non-profit responsible for coordinating the annual celebration of International Jazz Day, a United Nations initiative.
Symfonia
Symfonia was a short-lived symphonic power metal supergroup formed in 2010 by Andre Matos (vocals), Timo Tolkki (guitars), Jari Kainulainen (bass), Mikko Härkin (keyboards) and Uli Kusch (drums). On February 18, 2011, the band made its debut performance at the Finnish Metal Expo. The band released its only album, In Paradisum, in March 2011.

Timo Tolkki
Timo Tapio Tolkki (born 3 March 1966) is a Finnish musician best known as the former guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer of the power metal band Stratovarius. With his tenure lasting for more than twenty years, he was the longest standing member of the band before his departure in 2008. After leaving Stratovarius he formed two supergroups named Revolution Renaissance and Symfonia, both of which have since disbanded. In a 2011 article by Guitar World magazine, Tolkki was included in the all-time top 50 list of the world's fastest guitarists.
Student Demonstration Time
"Student Demonstration Time" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1971 album Surf's Up. It is an altered version of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller's "Riot in Cell Block Number 9" with new lyrics by Mike Love.

Riot in Cell Block Number 9
"Riot in Cell Block #9" is a R&B song composed by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1954. The song was first recorded by The Robins the same year. That recording was one of the first R&B hits to use sound effects and employed a Muddy Waters stop-time riff as the instrumental backing.
Madhuri Barthwal
Madhuri Barthwal née Uniyal is a folk singer of Uttarakhand, India. She is the first woman to be a music composer in All India Radio. She is said to be the first female musician from Uttarakhand to become a music teacher. On International Women's Day in 2019 she was awarded the Nari Shakti Puraskar by Ram Nath Kovind. She was awarded the Padma Shri India's fourth highest civilian award in 2022 by the Indian government in the field of art.

Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.
Pentagram map
In mathematics, the pentagram map is a discrete dynamical system acting on polygons in the projective plane. It defines a new polygon by taking the intersections of the "shortest" diagonals, and constructs a new polygon from these intersections. This is a projectively equivariant procedure, hence it descends to the moduli space of polygons and defines another dynamical system (which is also referred to as the pentagram map). It was first introduced by Richard Schwartz in 1992.

The pentagram map on the moduli space is famous for its complete integrability and its interpretation as a cluster algebra.

It admits many generalizations in projective spaces and other settings.

Richard Schwartz (mathematician)
Richard Evan Schwartz (born August 11, 1966) is an American mathematician notable for his contributions to geometric group theory and to an area of mathematics known as billiards. Geometric group theory is a relatively new area of mathematics beginning around the late 1980s which explores finitely generated groups, and seeks connections between their algebraic properties and the geometric spaces on which these groups act. He has worked on what mathematicians refer to as billiards, which are dynamical systems based on a convex shape in a plane. He has explored geometric iterations involving polygons, and he has been credited for developing the mathematical concept known as the pentagram map. In addition, he is author of a mathematics picture book for young children. In 2018 he is a professor of mathematics at Brown University.
Haute-Loire
Haute-Loire (French pronunciation: [ot lwaʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Naut Léger or Naut Leir; English: Upper Loire) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. Named after the Loire River, it is surrounded by the departments of Loire, Ardèche, Lozère, Cantal and Puy-de-Dôme. In 2019, it had a population of 227,570; its inhabitants are called Altiligériens in French (English : Altiligerians).

The department, which has its prefecture in Le Puy-en-Velay, covers the upper reaches of the Loire and consists of the Loire Valley and the surrounding mountains in the Massif Central. It is one of the original 83 departments of France created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Parts of the department are included in the Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park.

Massif Central
The Massif Central (French pronunciation: [masif sɑ̃tʁal]) is a highland region in south-central France consisting of mountains and plateaus. It covers about 15% of mainland France.

Subject to volcanism that has subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by a deep north–south cleft created by the Rhône river and known in French as the sillon rhodanien (literally "Rhône furrow"). The region was a barrier to transport within France until the opening of the A75 motorway, which not only made north–south travel easier but also opened access to the massif itself.
The Seasteading Institute
The Seasteading Institute (TSI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization formed to facilitate the establishment of autonomous, mobile communities on seaborne platforms operating in international waters (a proposed practice called seasteading). It was founded by Wayne Gramlich and Patri Friedman on April 15, 2008.

Friedman and Gramlich noted that according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a country's Exclusive Economic Zone extends 200 nautical miles (370 km) from shore. Beyond that boundary lie the high seas, which are not subject to the laws of any sovereign state other than the flag under which a ship sails. They proposed that a seastead could take advantage of the absence of laws and regulations outside the sovereignty of nations to experiment with new governance systems and allow the citizens of existing governments to exit more easily.

Seasteading
Seasteading is the creation of permanent dwellings in international waters, so-called seasteads, that are   independent of established governments. No structure on the high seas has yet been created and recognized as a sovereign state. Proposed structures have included modified cruise ships, refitted oil platforms, and custom-built floating islands.

Some proponents say seasteads can "provide the means for rapid innovation in voluntary governance and reverse environmental damage to our oceans ... and foster entrepreneurship." Some critics fear seasteads may function primarily as a refuge for the wealthy to evade taxes or other national legislation.

While seasteading may guarantee some freedom from unwanted rules, the high seas are regulated internationally through bodies of admiralty law and law of the sea.

The term seasteading  is a blend of sea and homesteading, and dates back to the 1960s.
Orange Sky (song)
"Orange Sky" is a folksong from Alexi Murdoch's extended play (EP) Four Songs. The song was featured in television, movies and in an Emmy Award winning television commercial. A re-recorded version of the song is also included on Murdoch's first LP Time Without Consequence.

Alexi Murdoch
Alexi Murdoch (born 27 December 1973) is an English folk musician and songwriter. Since his debut in 2002, Murdoch has released two LPs and one EP. His music has been featured in numerous television shows and films.
Sabiha Sultan
Rukiye Sabiha Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: رقیہ صبیحه سلطان; after 1952 legally Sabiha Osmanoğlu; 19 March 1894 – 26 August 1971) was an Ottoman princess, the third and last daughter of Sultan Mehmed VI and his main wife Nazikeda Kadın. She was the first wife of Şehzade Ömer Faruk, son of Caliph Abdulmejid II and Şehsuvar Hanım.

Neslişah Sultan (daughter of Şehzade Ömer Faruk)
Fatma Neslişah Sultan, also Büyük Neslişah, after 1957 Neslişah Osmanoğlu (Ottoman Turkish: نسل شاہ سلطان, lit. 'lineage of the shah'; 4 February 1921 – 2 April 2012) was an Ottoman princess, the paternal granddaughter of the last Ottoman Caliph Abdulmejid II and his first wife, Şehsuvar Hanım; and maternal granddaughter of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI and his first wife, Nazikeda Kadın. She was the daughter of Şehzade Ömer Faruk and his first wife and cousin Sabiha Sultan.
Eucalyptus oil
Eucalyptus oil is the generic name for distilled oil from the leaves of Eucalyptus, a genus of the plant family Myrtaceae, mostly native to Australia but cultivated worldwide. Eucalyptus oil has a history of wide application, as a pharmaceutical, antiseptic, repellent, flavouring and fragrance, as well as having industrial uses. The leaves of selected Eucalyptus species are steam distilled to extract eucalyptus oil.

Insect repellent
An insect repellent (also commonly called "bug spray" or "bug deterrent") is a substance applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces to discourage insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Insect repellents help prevent and control the outbreak of insect-borne (and other arthropod-bourne) diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, dengue fever, bubonic plague, river blindness, and West Nile fever. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include insects such as flea, fly, and mosquito; and ticks (arachnids).

Some insect repellents are insecticides (bug killers), but most simply discourage insects and send them flying or crawling away.