hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Li Yifu
Li Yifu (Chinese: 李義府; 614–666) was a Chinese historian, poet, and politician who served as a chancellor of the Tang dynasty, during the reign of the Emperor Gaozong. He became particularly powerful because of his support for Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian) when her ascension was opposed by then-chancellors, and he had a reputation for treachery. He was also fully involved in the elimination of Empress Wu's political rivals and played an important role in it. In 663, on account of corruption, he was removed from his post and exiled. In 666, after Emperor Gaozong had declared a general pardon, except for the long-term exiles, Li Yifu died in anger.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
Ma Hongbin
Ma Hongbin (Chinese: 马鸿宾, Xiao'erjing: مَا خٌ‌بٍ, September 14, 1884 – October 21, 1960) was a prominent Chinese Muslim warlord active mainly during the Republican era, and was part of the Ma clique. He was the acting Chairman of Gansu and Ningxia Provinces for a short period.

Ma Dunjing (1906–1972)
Ma Dunjing (simplified Chinese: 马惇靖; traditional Chinese: 馬惇靖; pinyin: Mǎ Dūnjìng; Wade–Giles: Ma Tun-ching, Xiao'erjing: مَا دٌڭِئٍ; 1906–1972) was a prominent Muslim Ma Clique General in China during the Republic of China era, and was the son of General Ma Hongbin. Some sources give his birth date as 1901 rather than 1906. He fought against and defeated the Japanese in May 1938 in Suiyuan province during World War II, and he fought against the Communists in the Ningxia Campaign, but he defected to the Communists with his father, and led his 81st Corps to cross over to the communists. He died in Lanzhou in 1972.

Ma Dunjing's grandfather was General Ma Fulu who died fighting the foreigners in the Boxer Rebellion in Beijing in 1900. His family moved Ma Fulu's remains in 1995 from Beijing to Linxia County.
Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
The lateral intermuscular septum of thigh is a fold of deep fascia in the thigh.

It is between the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris.

It separates the anterior compartment of the thigh from the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Posterior compartment of thigh
The posterior compartment of the thigh is one of the fascial compartments that contains the knee flexors and hip extensors known as the hamstring muscles, as well as vascular and nervous elements, particularly the sciatic nerve.
Charles-François Galand
Charles-François Galand (1832–1900) was a French gunsmith who worked in Liège, Belgium, and Paris, France.  He manufactured many revolvers for civilian and military use, including the Galand Revolver (also called the Galand-Sommerville or Galand-Perrin), the Tue Tue, and the tiny Le Novo.  The Velo-dog, developed from the Tue Tue and the Novo, was designed by Charles-François' son René in 1904.

Velo-dog
The Velo-Dog (also known as a Revolver de Poche) was a pocket revolver originally created in France by René Galand, son of Charles-François Galand in the late 19th-century as a defense for cyclists against dog attacks. The name is a compound word composed of "velocipede" and "dog".
Mont-Cenis Lake
Mont-Cenis Lake is a lake located in the Mont-Cenis massif at an altitude of 1,974 meters (6,476 ft) in the municipality of Val-Cenis in France. It is situated at the top of the Cenise valley, on the Italian side of the Mont-Cenis pass, the most frequented passage on the Lyon-Turin-Milan axis during the Middle Ages between Western Europe and the Italian peninsula. This was while the Montgenèvre pass required an initial crossing, followed by the Lautaret pass, and the Petit-Saint-Bernard pass was 107 meters (351 ft) higher.

Mont Cenis
Mont Cenis (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ s(ə)ni]; Italian: Moncenisio, pronounced [montʃeˈnizjo]) is a massif in Savoie, France.  It has an elevation of 3,612 m (11,850 ft) at Pointe de Ronce and a pass at an elevation of 2,085 m (6,841 ft); it forms the limit between the Cottian and Graian Alps.
Wolf's Head Society
Wolf's Head Society is a senior secret society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The society is one of the "Big Three" and "Ancient Eight" societies at Yale. Active undergraduate membership is elected annually with sixteen Yale University students, typically rising seniors. Honorary members are elected.

The current delegation spends its year together answerable to an alumni association. Some past members have gained prominence in athletics, business, the fine and literary arts, higher education, journalism, and politics.

Scroll and Key
The Scroll and Key Society is a secret society, founded in 1842 at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut. It is one of the oldest Yale secret societies and reputedly the wealthiest. The society is one of the reputed "Big Three" and "Ancient Eight" societies at Yale. Each spring the society admits 15 rising seniors to participate in its activities and carry on its traditions.
Derbyshire County Council
Derbyshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes Derby. The county council is based at County Hall in Matlock. The council has been under Reform UK majority control since the 2025 election. The council is a constituent member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority.

County Hall, Matlock
The County Hall is a municipal building in Matlock, Derbyshire, England. The building, which was originally a hydropathic establishment known as Smedley's Hydro but is now the headquarters of Derbyshire County Council, is a Grade II listed building.
Roman Filipov
Roman Nikolayevich Filipov (Russian: Рома́н Никола́евич Фили́пов; 13 August 1984 – 3 February 2018) was a Russian military pilot who killed himself in a last stand to avoid being captured after being wounded by militants when his Su-25SM jet was shot down in Idlib Province, Syria, on 3 February 2018. Filipov was posthumously awarded the honor of the Hero of the Russian Federation.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
2001 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 2001 Special Honours in New Zealand were two Special Honours Lists, published in New Zealand on 20 and 21 March 2001. Appointments were made to the New Zealand Order of Merit and the Queen's Service Order to recognise the incoming governor-general, Dame Silvia Cartwright, and the outgoing governor general and viceregal consort, Sir Michael and Lady Hardie Boys.

Michael Hardie Boys
Sir Michael Hardie Boys GNZM GCMG QSO KStJ PC (6 October 1931 – 29 December 2023) was the 17th governor-general of New Zealand from 1996 to 2001. A lawyer and jurist by profession, Hardie Boys was put forward as governor-general by Prime Minister Jim Bolger, in part for his understanding of constitutional law. This was an important factor, as in 1996 the country was about to hold its first election under mixed-member proportional representation (MMP).

Prior to appointment as governor-general, he sat on the High Court (then called the "Supreme Court"), the Court of Appeal and was appointed a Privy Counsellor.
Zhang Xiu (warlord)
Zhang Xiu (died 207) was a military general and minor warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In 197, he clashed with the warlord Cao Cao, who was then the de facto head of the Han central government, at the Battle of Wancheng and subsequent skirmishes. However, in 200, he heeded the suggestion from his adviser Jia Xu and surrendered to Cao Cao, who accepted his surrender and appointed him as a general. Having fought on Cao Cao's side at the decisive Battle of Guandu against a rival warlord Yuan Shao and in the subsequent campaigns against Yuan Shao's heirs, Zhang Xiu made great contributions during his service under Cao Cao. In 207, he died en route to joining Cao Cao on a campaign against the Wuhuan tribes. The Han imperial court honoured with the posthumous title "Marquis Ding".

Battle of White Wolf Mountain
The Battle of White Wolf Mountain was fought in 207 in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China, preceding the Three Kingdoms period. The battle took place in northern China, beyond the frontiers of the ruling Eastern Han dynasty. It was fought between the warlord Cao Cao and the nomadic Wuhuan tribes, who were allied with Cao Cao's rivals Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi. The victory attained by Cao Cao dashed the hopes of a Wuhuan dominion, and the Wuhuan eventually became weakened, lost importance, and were gradually absorbed into the Han population or the Xianbei tribes, although they would continue to exist under different names until the 10th century AD.
Niels Lunde Reiersen
Niels Lunde Reiersen (16 February 1742 - 20 July 1795) was a Danish government official, merchant, silk manufacturer, landowner  and philanthropist. He was the owner of the Royal Danish Silk Manufactury in Copenhagen (1775-1796) as well as a founding partner of the  leading trading firm De Coninck & Reiersen (1775-1790). Reiersen  owned  Nysø Manor,   Oremandsgaard Manor and  Lilliendal Manor as well as the estates at Jungshoved  and Høfdinggård on Southern Zealand.

Oremandsgaard
Oremandsgaard  is a manor house and estate located seven kilometres south of Præstø, Vordingborg Municipality, in southeastern Denmark. The estate traces its history back to the 14th century, but the current main building is from 1933. Oremandsgaard was acquired by  Alfred Hage in 1861 and is currently owned by the fifth generation of the Hage family. It is one of the oldest organic farms in Denmark and plays host to an annual chamber music festival.
Opera Fusion: New Works
Opera Fusion: New Works (OF:NW) is a partnership between Cincinnati Opera and the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music (CCM) dedicated to fostering the development of new American operas. This collaboration is jointly led by Evans Mirageas, the Harry T. Wilks Artistic Director at Cincinnati Opera, as well as Robin Guarino, Professor of Opera at CCM. Since its founding in 2011, OF:NW has developed twenty-seven new American operas.
 From the program's inception in 2011 through 2022, co-founders Marcus Küchle and Guarino served as co-artistic directors.

Cincinnati Opera
Cincinnati Opera is an American opera company based in Cincinnati, Ohio and the second-oldest opera company in the United States, after the New York Metropolitan Opera. Beginning with its first season in 1920, Cincinnati Opera has produced operas in the summer months of June and July with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra providing orchestral accompaniment.
Sara Gideon
Sara Isher Gideon (born December 4, 1971) is an American politician who served as the Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives. A member of the Democratic Party from Freeport, she represented the 48th district in the Maine House of Representatives, which includes part of Freeport and Pownal in Cumberland County.

Gideon was the Democratic nominee for the 2020 U.S. Senate election in Maine, losing to incumbent Republican Susan Collins.

Freeport, Maine
Freeport is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. Freeport is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England City and town area. The population was 8,737 at the 2020 census. Once home to a prominent shipbuilding industry, timber operations, and farming, it is now known for its numerous outlet stores; Freeport is home to L.L. Bean, Wolfe's Neck Woods State Park, and the Desert of Maine.

Freeport is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The Harraseeket Historic District is in Freeport.
Gravity (character)
Greg Willis is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Sean McKeever and artist Mike Norton, the character first appeared in Gravity #1 (August 2005). Willis is known under the codename Gravity. The character has been a member of the Young Allies, the Fifty State Initiative, and the Great Lakes Avengers at various points in his history.

Avengers: The Initiative
Avengers: The Initiative is a comic book series from Marvel Comics. Written by Dan Slott and Christos Gage with artwork initially by Stefano Caselli, Steve Uy and Harvey Tolibao, the series handles the aftermath of Marvel's "Civil War" storyline (however, it should not be confused with "The Initiative" a banner running across Marvel books from Feb. 2007 to May 2007, similar to Marvel's earlier "Decimation" banner after the "House of M" storyline, or the Civil War: The Initiative special by Brian Michael Bendis). A preview of the title was shown in Civil War: The Initiative.
DMZ (computing)
In computer security, a DMZ or demilitarized zone (sometimes referred to as a perimeter network or screened subnet) is a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization's external-facing services to an untrusted, usually larger, network such as the Internet. The purpose of a DMZ is to add an additional layer of security to an organization's local area network (LAN): an external network node can access only what is exposed in the DMZ, while the rest of the organization's network is protected behind a firewall. The DMZ functions as a small, isolated network positioned between the Internet and the private network.

This is not to be confused with a DMZ host, a feature present in some home routers that frequently differs greatly from an ordinary DMZ.

The name is from the term demilitarized zone, an area between states in which military operations are not permitted.

Firewall (computing)
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on configurable security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet or between several VLANs. Firewalls can be categorized as network-based or host-based.
Cherwell (district)
Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a local government district in northern Oxfordshire, England. The district was created in 1974 and takes its name from the River Cherwell, which drains south through the region to flow into the River Thames at Oxford. Towns in Cherwell include Banbury, where the council is based, and Bicester. Kidlington is a contender for largest village in England.

River Cherwell
The River Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ ⓘ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a tributary of the River Thames in central England. It rises near Hellidon, Northamptonshire and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to meet the Thames at Oxford in Oxfordshire.

The river gives its name to the Cherwell local government district and Cherwell, an Oxford student newspaper.
Reith Lectures
The Reith Lectures is a series of annual BBC radio lectures given by leading figures of the day. They are commissioned by the BBC and broadcast on Radio 4 and the World Service. The lectures were inaugurated in 1948 to mark the historic contribution made to public service broadcasting by Lord Reith, the corporation's first director-general.

Reith maintained that broadcasting should be a public service that aimed to enrich the intellectual and cultural life of the nation. It is in this spirit that the BBC each year invites a leading figure to deliver the lectures. The aim is to advance public understanding and debate about issues of contemporary interest.

The first Reith lecturer was the philosopher and later Nobel laureate, Bertrand Russell. The first female lecturer was Dame Margery Perham in 1961. The youngest Reith lecturer was Colin Blakemore, who was 32 in 1976 when he broadcast over six episodes on the brain and consciousness.

Margery Perham
Dame Margery Freda Perham DCMG CBE FBA (6 September 1895 – 19 February 1982) was a British historian of, and writer on, African affairs. She was known especially for the intellectual force of her arguments in favour of British decolonisation in the 1950s and 1960s.
Arlington Street Church
The Arlington Street Church is a Unitarian Universalist church across from the Public Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. Because of its geographic prominence and the notable ministers who have served the congregation, the church is considered to be among the most historically important in Unitarian Universalism. Completed in 1861, it was designed by Arthur Gilman and Gridley James Fox Bryant to resemble James Gibbs' St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London. The main sanctuary space has 16 large-scale stained-glass windows installed by Tiffany Studios from 1899 to 1930.

On May 17, 2004, the Arlington Street Church was the site of the first state-sanctioned same-sex marriage in the United States.

Federal Street Church
The Federal Street Church (established 1729) was a congregational Unitarian church in Boston, Massachusetts. Organized in 1727, the originally Presbyterian congregation changed in 1786 to "Congregationalism", then adopted the liberal theology of its fifth senior minister, William Ellery Channing, (1780–1842). For most of the 18th century the church was known as the Long Lane Meeting-House. In 1788, state leaders met in the relatively spacious building to determine Massachusetts' ratification of the United States Constitution. Thereafter the church renamed itself the Federal Street Church in honor of the event. In 1803, it called Channing as its minister who defined "Unitarian Christianity" and launched the Unitarian movement, making the Federal Street Church one of the first to define itself as Unitarian.
Bohemian crown jewels
The Bohemian crown jewels, also called the Czech crown jewels  (Czech: české korunovační klenoty), include the Crown of Saint Wenceslas (Svatováclavská koruna), the royal orb and sceptre, the coronation vestments of the Kings of Bohemia, the gold reliquary cross, and St. Wenceslas' sword. They were originally held in Prague and Karlštejn Castle, designed in the 14th century by Matthias of Arras. Since 1791 they have been stored in St. Vitus Cathedral at Prague Castle. Reproductions of the jewels are permanently exhibited in the historical exposition at the former royal palace in the castle. The crown was made for the coronation of Charles IV in 1347, making it the fourth oldest in Europe.

Prague Castle
Prague Castle (Czech: Pražský hrad; [ˈpraʃskiː ˈɦrat]) is a castle complex in Prague, Czech Republic serving as the official residence and workplace of the president of the Czech Republic. Built in the 9th century, the castle has long served as the seat of power for kings of Bohemia, Holy Roman emperors, and presidents of Czechoslovakia. As such, the term "Prague Castle" or simply "Hrad" ("the Castle") are often used as metonymy for the president and his staff and advisors. The Bohemian Crown Jewels are kept within a hidden room inside it.

According to the Guinness Book of Records, Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle in the world, occupying an area of almost 70,000 square metres (750,000 square feet), at about 570 metres (1,870 feet) in length and an average of about 130 metres (430 feet) wide. The castle is the most visited tourist attraction in the Czech Republic. In 2024, the castle attracted 2.59 million visitors.
GLG Partners
Man GLG (formerly GLG Partners) is a discretionary investment manager and a wholly owned subsidiary of British alternative investment manager Man Group plc.  It is a diversified and multi-strategy fund manager that operates strategies including equity long-short funds, convertible arbitrage funds, emerging market funds and long-only mutual funds. The firm is also a founding member of the Hedge Fund Standards Board and a signatory of the Principles for Responsible investment. As of 2022, Man GLG had $35.4 billion assets under management.: 14

Man Group
Man Group plc is an active investment management business listed on the London Stock Exchange. It provides investment funds in liquid and private markets for institutional and private investors. It is the world's largest publicly traded hedge fund company, reporting $178.2 billion in funds under management as of June 2024. The firm is headquartered at Riverbank House in London and employs over 1,800 people in various locations. The company was a sponsor of the Man Booker Prize from 2002 to 2019.
Agrippina (1827)
Agrippina was a steamboat designed for the Middle Rhine. On delivery she was found to be too heavy, and was returned to her builder NSM, which tried to use her as a freighter on the Lower Rhine. When this failed too, Agrippina's engines were used to create the compound steam engine of the tugboat Hercules, creating the first effective compound steam engines. In 1829 Agrippina was the first towed dumb barge on the Rhine. After a rebuilt, she became the first steamboat to tow an iron barge on the Rhine in 1841.

Hercules (1829 ship)
Hercules was a Dutch steam paddle tugboat. She was also the first vessel to effectively use a compound steam engine. In about 1890, a discussion about the invention of the compound steam engine made that Fijenoord brought up the blueprints of Hercules. These proved that Gerhard Moritz Roentgen had invented the compound steam engine.
Suitable age and discretion
Suitable age and discretion is both a legal definition of maturity (and by contrast immaturity), and an alternate method of service of process by which a process server can leave a summons, subpoena, or complaint with a person living at the residence of the defendant.

Service of process
Each legal jurisdiction has rules and discrete terminology regarding the appropriate procedures for serving legal documents on a person being sued or subject to legal proceedings. In the U.S. legal system, service of process is the procedure by which a party to a lawsuit gives an appropriate notice of initial legal action to another party (such as a defendant), court, or administrative body in an effort to exercise jurisdiction over that person so as to force that person to respond to the proceeding in a court, body, or other tribunal. Notice is furnished by delivering a set of court documents (called "process") to the person to be served.