hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Silber
John Robert Silber (August 15, 1926 – September 27, 2012) was an American academician and candidate for public office. From 1971 to 1996, he was President of Boston University (BU) and, from 1996 to 2002, Chancellor. From 2002 to 2003, he again served as President (Ad Interim); and, from 2003 until his death, he held the title of President Emeritus.

In 1990, he won the Democratic gubernatorial primary to become one of two major-party candidates for governor of Massachusetts in the general election of 1990. He lost that election to the Republican William Weld, who won by 38,000 votes.

After receiving his PhD from Yale, Silber became professor of philosophy and served as dean of the University of Texas's College of Arts and Sciences (1967–70). He had a liberal reputation in his days at Texas, though at Boston University he was best known as a conservative spokesman in academia.

1990 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1990 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1990. Incumbent Democratic governor Michael Dukakis, his party's nominee for president after losing the presidency to then-vice president George H. W. Bush in 1988, opted to not seek a fourth term. Republican Bill Weld won the open seat, beating Democrat John Silber to become the first Republican governor of Massachusetts elected since 1970. This was the first open-seat gubernatorial election in Massachusetts since 1960.
Springfield Park (Jacksonville)
Springfield Park (formerly Dignam Park until 1914, and then Confederate Park until 2020) is a public park in Jacksonville, Florida, on the southern bounds of the historic neighborhood of Springfield. It is part of a network of parks that parallel Hogan's Creek.

Springfield, Jacksonville
Springfield is a historic neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida, United States, located to the north of downtown. Established in 1869, it experienced its greatest growth from the early 1880s through the 1920s. The Springfield Historic District is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, and contains some of the city's best examples of 19th and early 20th century architecture.
MDM1EA
N-Methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-ethanamine (MDM1EA), also known as α,N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzylamine (α,N-DMMDBA) or as α,N-dimethylpiperonylamine, is an entactogen-like drug of the benzylamine family related to MDMA. It is the analogue of MDMA in which the side chain has been shortened by one carbon atom.

The drug has been found to be a weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor and partially substituted for MDMA in rodent drug discrimination tests at the highest assessed doses. The effects of α,N-DMMDBA in humans are unknown.

It is not a controlled substance in the United States as of 2011.

Homo-MDMA (HMDMA), an analogue of MDMA in which the side chain was extended by one carbon atom, has also been synthesized and studied. It partially substituted for MDMA similarly to MDM1EA.

Homo-MDMA
Homo-MDMA (HMDMA), also known as α,N-dimethyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propylamine, is an entactogen-like drug of the phenylpropylamine group related to MDMA. It is an analogue of MDMA in which the side chain has been lengthened by one carbon atom.

It showed very weak induction of serotonin release (much less than that of MDMA or methamphetamine) and no significant release of dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. As such, its monoamine-releasing activity was said to have been essentially abolished relative to MDMA. The drug partially substituted for MDMA in rodent drug discrimination tests but produced seizures at high doses.

Based on unpublished findings by Alexander Shulgin, homo-MDMA has been said to be inactive in humans. However, it has been encountered as a designer and recreational drug in Japan and was being sold as "MBDB". It is not a controlled substance in the United States as of 2011.
Casimir Lewy
Casimir Lewy (/ˈlɛvi/; Polish: Kazimierz Lewy [ˈlɛvɨ]; 26 February 1919 – 8 February 1991) was a Polish philosopher of Jewish descent.

He worked in philosophical logic but published scantly. He was an influential teacher; several of his students went on to be prominent philosophers, including Simon Blackburn, Edward Craig, Ian Hacking, and Crispin Wright.

Ian Hacking
Ian MacDougall Hacking CC FRSC FBA (February 18, 1936 – May 10, 2023) was a Canadian philosopher specializing in the philosophy of science. Throughout his career, he won numerous awards, such as the Killam Prize for the Humanities and the Balzan Prize, and was a member of many prestigious groups, including the Order of Canada, the Royal Society of Canada and the British Academy.
Unni Mukundan
Unnikrishnan Mukundan (born 22 September 1987), popularly known as Unni Mukundan, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema.

Unni  made his acting debut with the Tamil film Seedan (2011). After playing several small roles, Unni got his breakthrough with his lead role in Vysakh's action comedy Mallu Singh (2012). Later, he went on to star in several commercially successful films, including Vikramadithyan (2014), KL 10 Patthu (2015), Style (2016), Oru Murai Vanthu Parthaya (2016), Achayans (2017), Malikappuram (2022) and Marco (2024), the last two emerged as his highest-grossing releases. Some of his best known non-Malayalam films are the Telugu film Janatha Garage (2016) and the Tamil film Garudan (2024).

In 2021, he won his first National Film Award as a producer for his debut production, Meppadiyan.

Vysakh
Ebbey Abraham (born 1 June 1980), better known by his stage name Vysakh, is an Indian film director who works in Malayalam films and is known for several commercially successful films like Pokkiri Raja,  Seniors, Mallu Singh, Pulimurugan and Madhura Raja. He began his career as a television anchor and later as an associate director to Joshiy and Johny Antony. He debuted as an independent director in 2010 with Pokkiri Raja starring Mammootty and Prithviraj Sukumaran. In 2016, his directorial Pulimurugan starring Mohanlal and Jagapathi Babu became the first Malayalam film to gross around ₹100 crore at the box office.
Empiric school
The Empiric school of medicine (Empirics, Empiricists, or Empirici, Greek: Ἐμπειρικοί) was a school of medicine founded in Alexandria the middle of the third century BC. The school was a major influence on ancient Greek and Roman medicine. The school's name is derived from the word empeiria (ἐμπειρία "experience") because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school. Serapion of Alexandria, and Philinus of Cos, are regarded as the founders of this school in the 3rd century BC. Other physicians who belonged to this sect were: Apollonius of Citium, Glaucias, Heraclides, Bacchius, Zeuxis, Menodotus, Theodas, Herodotus of Tarsus, Aeschrion, Sextus Empiricus, and Marcellus Empiricus. The sect survived a long time, as Marcellus lived in the 4th century AD. The doctrines of this school are described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the introduction to his De Medicina.

Heraclides of Tarentum
Heraclides of Tarentum (Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Ταραντῖνος; fl. 3rd – 2nd century BC), was an Ancient Greek physician of the Empiric school who wrote commentaries on the works of Hippocrates. He came from Tarentum, was a pupil of Mantias, and probably lived in the 3rd or 2nd century BC, somewhat later than Apollonius Empiricus and Glaucias. He belonged to the Empiric school, and wrote some works on Materia medica, which are very frequently quoted by Galen, but of which only a few fragments remain. Galen speaks of him in high terms of praise, saying that he was an author who could be entirely depended upon, as he wrote in his works only what he had himself found from his own experience to be correct. He was also one of the first persons who wrote a commentary on all the works in the Hippocratic Corpus. He is several times quoted by Caelius Aurelianus and other ancient authors.
Airblue Flight 202
Airblue Flight 202 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight departing from Karachi en route to Islamabad. On 28 July 2010, the Airbus A321-231 jet airliner serving the flight crashed into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, while approaching Benazir Bhutto International Airport. All 146 passengers and 6 crew members on board were killed. The crash is the deadliest air accident to occur in Pakistan to date and the first fatal crash involving an Airbus A321.

Pakistan's Civil Aviation Authority concluded that the crash of the two-hour flight was caused by the captain's incorrect flight-control input. Captain Pervez-Iqbal Chaudhry had spent the first hour of the flight belittling the first officer; his arrogant demeanour continued during the second hour, causing the first officer to lose his self-esteem, making him less likely to challenge the captain's multiple piloting mistakes and effectively ceased any meaningful crew resource management due to the toxic work environment.

Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA) (Urdu:  مقتدرہ شہری ہوابازی پاکستان), an autonomous agency under the administrative control of the Secretary to the Government of Pakistan for Aviation and a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization, oversaw and regulated all aspects of civil aviation in Pakistan. Its head office situated at Terminal-1 of Jinnah International Airport in Karachi. The authority was bifurcated to form the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation and Pakistan Airports Authority in 2023.
Colin Cantwell
Colin James Cantwell (April 3, 1932 – May 21, 2022) was an American concept artist and director known for his work on films like 2001: A Space Odyssey, Close Encounters of the Third Kind and WarGames, as well as the TV series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, but primarily for doing creating concept designs and models for a number of Star Wars vehicles, most notably the X-wing fighter, the TIE fighter, the Star Destroyer, the Y-Wing Fighter.

Y-wing
The Koensayr series Y-wing assault starfighter/bomber are a series of fictional spacecraft from the Star Wars franchise. They are depicted as fighter-bombers of the Galactic Republic, Rebel Alliance, New Republic and the Resistance.  Within the Star Wars setting, Y-wings are known for being ideally suited for anti-shipping, close air support,  air interdiction, escort, force protection, and ground attack missions.  Y-wings made their first theatrical appearance in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope and have featured in movies, television shows, and the Star Wars expanded universe's books, comics, and games.
New Writings in SF 9
New Writings in SF 9 is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by John Carnell, the ninth volume in a series of thirty, of which he edited the first twenty-one. It was first published in hardcover by Dennis Dobson in the United Kingdom in 1966, followed by a paperback edition by Corgi the same year, and an American paperback edition with different contents by Bantam Books in May 1972.

The United Kingdom edition collects seven novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with a foreword by Carnell. The American edition contains one piece from the UK edition of New Writings in SF 12, three from the UK edition of New Writings in SF 13, two from the UK edition of New Writings in SF 14, and two from the UK edition of New Writings in SF 15.

The third, fourth and seventh stories from the UK edition were later reprinted in the American edition of New Writings in SF 7.

New Writings in SF 12
New Writings in SF 12 is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by John Carnell, the twelfth volume in a series of thirty, of which he edited the first twenty-one. It was first published in hardcover by Dennis Dobson in 1968, followed by a paperback edition by Corgi the same year.

The book collects six novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with a foreword by Carnell. The second and fourth stories were later reprinted in the American edition of New Writings in SF 8. The fifth story was later reprinted in the American edition of New Writings in SF 9.
Evgeny Kovalenko
Evgeny Iosifovich Kovalenko (Russian: Евгений Иосифович Коваленко; born 26 June 1980) is a Belarusian politician serving as minister of justice since 2024. From 2014 to 2015, he served as deputy minister of justice.

Ministry of Justice (Belarus)
The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Міністэрства юстыцыі Рэспублікі Беларусь, Ministerstva justycyi Respubliki Bielaruś) is a Belarusian government agency that is charged with the administering and enforcing the justice system of Belarus.
Stolin district
Stolin district (Belarusian: Столінскі раён, romanized: Stolinski rajon; Russian: Столинский район, romanized: Stolinsky rayon) is district (raion) in Brest region, Belarus. Its administrative center is in the city of Stolin. At the 1999 Belarusian census, the district had a population of 89,000 people, of which 26,300 people lived in urban areas. As of 2024, it has a population of 68,640.

Stolin
Stolin is a town in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Stolin District, the largest district in the region. Stolin is located 15 km (9 mi) from the Belarus–Ukraine border. As of 2025, it has a population of 14,034.

Stolin is a border city that hosts many Ukrainians on market days. Russian is spoken commonly here, but villagers prefer their own dialects that are akin partly to the Belarusian language, partly the Ukrainian language.
Dugu Sun
Dugu Sun (Chinese: 獨孤損; Vietnamese: Độc Cô Tồn; died July 5, 905), courtesy name Yousun (又損), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Zhaozong and Emperor Zhaozong's son Emperor Ai, near the end of the dynasty. He was killed in a purge of high-level Tang officials by the warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor (Jiedushi) of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), who was then preparing to seize the throne.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
Francisco Coll Guitart
Francisco Coll Guitart, OP (Catalan: Francesc Coll i Guitart;18 May 1812 – 2 April 1875) was a Spanish Catholic priest of the Order of Preachers and founder of the Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin.

He was beatified on 29 April 1979 and canonized as a saint of the Catholic Church on 11 October 2009.

Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin
The Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin or Dominican Sisters of the Anunciata constitute a Catholic religious congregation of apostolic life and pontifical right, founded in Vic (Catalonia, Spain) by the Dominican religious, Francisco Coll, on August 15, 1856.
Consultative Council (Poland)
The Consultative Council (Polish: Rada Konsultacyjna) is a non-government representative body created in November 2020 by the All-Poland Women's Strike (Polish: Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet, OSK) in the context of the October 2020 Polish protests. The Council incorporates public participation as a mechanism for participatory democracy.

All-Poland Women's Strike
The All-Poland Women's Strike or Polish Women's Strike (Polish: Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet, OSK) is a women's rights social movement in Poland, established in September 2016. It was set up in protest against the rejection by the Sejm of the Polish Parliament of the bill "Save Women", which was considered by the Sejm in parallel to the project "Stop Abortion". The movement was responsible for the organization of Black Monday, a protest action, involving various forms of strike, that took place simultaneously in 147 Polish cities, towns and villages.
B.A.P (South Korean band)
B.A.P (Korean: 비에이피; an acronym for Best Absolute Perfect), was a South Korean boy band that was created by TS Entertainment. The group, originally consisting of Yongguk, Himchan, Daehyun, Youngjae, Jong-up, and Zelo, debuted with the song "Warrior" in 2012.

B.A.P quietly disbanded on February 18, 2019, following the group's contract expiration with TS Entertainment. In 2024, the group officially reunited under the name Bang & Jung & Yoo & Moon (Korean: 방용국&정대현&유영재&문종업) to release their next album, Curtain Call in August. Members Zelo and Himchan did not take part in the comeback as a result of Zelo's military service and Himchan's sexual assault convictions.

Zelo
Choi Jun-hong (Korean: 최준홍; born October 15, 1996), known professionally as Zelo, is a South Korean rapper and dancer best known as the former member of the South Korean boy group B.A.P. He made his recording debut with the single "Never Give Up" under B.A.P's sub-unit Bang&Zelo in November 2011. He departed TS Entertainment in December 2018.
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (日英通商航海条約, Nichi-Ei Tsūshō Kōkai Jōyaku) signed by Britain and Japan, on 16 July 1894, was a breakthrough agreement; it heralded the end of the unequal treaties and the system of extraterritoriality in Japan. The treaty came into force on 17 July 1899 and lasted until 26 July 1941, less than five months before attack on Pearl Harbor.

When this treaty became effective, British subjects in Japan became subject to Japanese laws instead of British laws. The jurisdiction of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan, the British Court for Japan under it and consular courts in each treaty port ceased on that date, save for pending cases which were allowed to continue.  British subjects from that date became subject to the jurisdiction of Japanese courts.

Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty
The Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty (Japanese: 日英和親条約, Hepburn: Nichi-Ei Washin Jōyaku; The Anglo Japanese Convention of 1854) was the first treaty between the United Kingdom and Japan, then under the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate. Signed on October 14, 1854, it paralleled the Convention of Kanagawa, a similar agreement between Japan and the United States six months earlier which effectively ended Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (sakoku). As a result of the treaty, the ports of Nagasaki and Hakodate were opened to British vessels, and Britain was granted most favored nation status with other western powers.
Georgia State Route 75
State Route 75 (SR 75) is a 33.4-mile-long (53.8 km) state highway that travels south-to-north through portions of White and Towns counties in the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects Cleveland and the North Carolina state line, via Helen, Macedonia, and Hiawassee.

White County, Georgia
White County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,003. The county seat is Cleveland. The county was created on December 22, 1857, formerly a part of Habersham County and most likely was named for Newton County Representative David T. White, who helped a Habersham representative successfully attain passage of an act creating the new county.
Farmers Insurance Group
Farmers Insurance Group (informally Farmers) is an American insurer group of vehicles, homes and small businesses and also provides other insurance and financial services products. Farmers Insurance has more than 48,000 exclusive and independent agents and approximately 21,000 employees. Farmers is the trade name for three reciprocal exchanges, Farmers, Fire, and Truck, each managed by Farmers Group, Inc. as attorney-in-fact on behalf of their respective policyholders. Farmers Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Swiss-based Zurich Insurance Group.

Reciprocal inter-insurance exchange
A reciprocal inter-insurance exchange or simply a reciprocal in the United States is an unincorporated association in which subscribers exchange insurance policies to pool and spread risk.  For consumers, reciprocal exchanges often offer similar policies to those offered by a stock company or a mutual insurance company.  Notable reciprocal exchanges are managed by USAA, Farmers, and Erie.
Armando Diaz
Armando Diaz, 1st Duke della Vittoria, OSSA, OSML, OMS, OCI (5 December 1861 – 28 February 1928) was an Italian general and a Marshal of Italy. He is mostly known for his role as Chief of Staff of the Regio Esercito during World War I from November 1917. He managed to stop the Austro-Hungarian advance along the Piave River in the First Battle of Monte Grappa. In June 1918, he led the Italian forces to a major victory at the Second Battle of the Piave River. A few months later, he achieved a decisive victory in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, which ended the war on the Italian Front. He is celebrated as one of the greatest generals of the war.

Second Battle of the Piave River
The Second Battle of the Piave River (or Battle of the Solstice), fought between 15 and 23 June 1918, was a decisive victory for the Italian Army against the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I, as Italy was part of the Allied Forces, while Austria-Hungary was part of the Central Powers. Though the battle proved to be a decisive blow to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and by extension the Central Powers, its full significance was not initially appreciated in Italy. Yet Erich Ludendorff, on hearing the news, is reported to have said he 'had the sensation of defeat for the first time'. It would later become clear that the battle was in fact the beginning of the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Rightel
RighTel is an Iranian mobile network operator and the third operator to enter the country’s telecommunications market. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Social Security Organization (SSO), operating through its investment holding, the Social Security Investment Company (Shasta).

As of 2025, RighTel remains the third-largest mobile operator in Iran by subscriber base, after Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran (MCI) and MTN Irancell.

Social Security Organization
The Social Security Organization (SSO) is Iran’s principal social insurance institution. It administers compulsory and voluntary insurance schemes for employees, wage earners, and segments of the self-employed population.

The organization operates under the Social Security Law adopted in 1975, which consolidated earlier pension and insurance arrangements into a single national framework.
Trevor Lacey
Trevor Lacey (born October 13, 1991) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Vanoli Cremona of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball for Alabama and North Carolina State.

NC State Wolfpack men's basketball
The NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team represents North Carolina State University in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. NC State is one of the seven founding members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.  Prior to joining the ACC in 1954, the Wolfpack were members of the Southern Conference, where they won seven conference championships. As a member of the ACC, the Wolfpack has won 11 conference championships, as well as two national championships in 1974 and 1983.

Since 1999, the Pack has played most of its home games at Lenovo Center, which is also where the NCAA championship trophies are kept. Prior to 1999, they played at Reynolds Coliseum.