hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Change from Below
Change from Below, Democratic Union of Slovakia (sometimes translated as Change from the Bottom or Change from the Bottom Up; Slovak: Zmena zdola, Demokratická únia Slovenska, ZZ, DÚ), in the years 2000—2002 Liberal Democratic Union (abbreviation LDÚ), and 2002—2010 Democratic Union of Slovakia (abbreviation DÚ), is a non-parliamentary political party in Slovakia since 2000. Its chairman Ján Budaj is a member of the National Council of the Slovak Republic elected on the OĽaNO party's list of candidates.

Slovakia (political party)
Slovakia (Slovak: Slovensko), known as Ordinary People and Independent Personalities (Slovak: Obyčajní ľudia a nezávislé osobnosti, OĽANO) until 2023, is a populist political party in Slovakia. Founded in 2011 by former businessman Igor Matovič, the party champions anti-corruption, anti-elitist and anti-establishment sentiments. It is also frequently identified as a business-firm party.

The party served as the parliamentary opposition during two electoral terms: 2012–2016 and 2016–2020. In 2020, it emerged victorious in the parliamentary election and subsequently formed a coalition government. In government, the party advocated for conservative, familistic policies through the implementation of expanded social welfare and pro-natalist measures, while concurrently opposing the promotion of LGBT and reproductive rights.  Following the collapse of the governing coalition and subsequent snap election in 2023, the party has been opposition once again.
Golija (Serbia)
Golija (Serbian Cyrillic: Голија, pronounced [ɡǒlija]) is a mountain in southwestern Serbia, located between towns of Ivanjica and Novi Pazar. It is part of the Dinaric mountain range. The mountain is heavily forested with significant biodiversity. It contains the Golija-Studenica Biosphere Reserve, the first UNESCO-MAB registered biosphere reserve in Serbia. It is also a small ski resort, with several historical monuments and monasteries. The highest peak is Jankov Kamen at 1,833 metres (6,014 ft).

Novi Pazar
Novi Pazar (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Пазар) is a city located in the Raška District of southwestern Serbia. As of the 2022 census, the urban area has 71,462 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 106,720 inhabitants. The city is the cultural center of the Bosniaks in Serbia and of Sandžak. A multicultural area of Muslims and Orthodox Christians, many monuments of both religions, like the Altun-Alem Mosque and the Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, are located in the region which has a total of 30 protected monuments of culture.
Inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation
In electromagnetism and applications, an inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, or nonhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, is one of a set of wave equations describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves generated by nonzero source charges and currents. The source terms in the wave equations make the partial differential equations inhomogeneous, if the source terms are zero the equations reduce to the homogeneous electromagnetic wave equations, which follow from Maxwell's equations.

Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

This article focuses on waves in classical physics. Quantum physics uses an operator-based wave equation often as a relativistic wave equation.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, fms-related tyrosine kinase-2 / Pfeiffer syndrome, and CD331, is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligands are specific members of the fibroblast growth factor family. FGFR-1 has been shown to be associated with Pfeiffer syndrome, and clonal eosinophilias.

Fibroblast growth factor
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell signalling proteins produced by the macrophages. They are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development in animal cells. Any irregularities in their function will lead to a range of developmental defects.  These growth factors typically act as a systemic or locally circulating molecules of extracellular origin that activate cell surface receptors. A defining property of FGFs is that they bind to heparin and to heparan sulfate. Thus, some are sequestered in the extracellular matrix of tissues that contains heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and released locally upon injury or tissue remodeling.
Filippo Maria Visconti
Filippo Maria Visconti (3 September 1392 – 13 August 1447) was the Duke of Milan from 1412 until his death in 1447. Contemporary accounts described him as paranoid, yet politically shrewd.

In the 1420s, he engaged in conflict with Romagna, Florence, and Venice during the Wars in Lombardy, but was eventually compelled to surrender under pressure from Pope Martin V. He later returned to war, which ended with another peace agreement.

Visconti married twice; his second marriage, in 1428, was to Marie of Savoy, daughter of his ally Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy. At his death in 1447, Visconti was the last male of the Visconti line. He was succeeded by Francesco Sforza, who had married his illegitimate daughter, Bianca Maria Visconti, born to Agnese del Maino.

Agnese del Maino
Agnese del Maino (c. 1411 – 13 December 1465) was a Milanese noblewoman and the mistress of Filippo Maria Visconti, the last legitimate duke of Milan of the Visconti dynasty. Agnese was the mother of Duchess Bianca Maria Visconti.
Beyond the Sky and Earth
Beyond the Sky and Earth or Beyond the Sky and the Earth: A Journey into Bhutan is a memoir written by Jamie Zeppa of her experience working as a lecturer in English at the Sherubtse College near Trashigang in eastern Bhutan. Zeppa took up an assignment for two years. Initially she started writing a fiction based on her experience there, but she was suggested to write it in memoir form and she took the advice. The book was first published in 1999.
 The title of the book is derived from an expression of thankfulness in the Bhutanese language which means "I am thankful to you beyond the earth and sky". Sky and Earth was on the Maclean's bestseller list.

Sherubtse College
Sherubtse College is the first accredited college in Bhutan, founded in 1966 by a group of Jesuits under the leadership of Father William Mackey. The college was affiliated to the University of Delhi by a special act of the Indian parliament.

It became a part of the newly created Royal University of Bhutan in 2003, a system that comprises all public post-secondary schools in Bhutan.
San Joaquin Church (Iloilo)
San Joaquin Parish Church, commonly known as San Joaquin Church, is a Roman Catholic Church in the municipality of San Joaquín, Iloilo, Philippines, under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Jaro. It is largely known for its pediment featuring a military scene: Spanish victory over the Moors in the Battle of Tétouan. The church was declared a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines.

Battle of Tétouan
The Battle of Tétouan (Arabic: معركة تطوان, Spanish: Batalla de Tetuán) was fought from 4 to 6 February 1860, near Tétouan, Morocco, between a Spanish Army sent to North Africa and the tribal levies which at the time made up the Moroccan Army. The battle was part of the Hispano–Moroccan War of 1859–1860.
Troy Southgate
Troy Southgate (born 22 July 1965) is a British far-right political activist and a self-described national-anarchist. He has been affiliated with far-right and fascist groups, such as National Front and International Third Position. He co-created the think tank New Right alongside Jonathan Bowden and is the founder and editor-in-chief of Black Front Press. Southgate's movement has been described as working to "exploit a burgeoning counter culture of industrial heavy metal music, paganism, esotericism, occultism and Satanism that, it believes, holds the key to the spiritual reinvigoration of western society ready for an essentially Evolian revolt against the culturally and racially enervating forces of American global capitalism".

Jonathan Bowden
Jonathan David Anthony Bowden (12 April 1962 – 29 March 2012) was an English political activist, orator, writer and artist. A member of the Conservative Party in the early 1990s, he later became involved in far-right organisations, including the British National Party (BNP). Bowden has been described as a "cult figure" amongst the far-right movement, even more than a decade after his death.
José Tomás Canales
José Tomás Canales (March 7, 1877 – March 30, 1976) was an American businessman, lawyer, and politician based in Texas. He served five terms in the State House, where he was the only Mexican-American representative at the time. He is best known for his work on behalf of Mexican-Americans and Tejanos in Texas, defending the civil rights of Hispanic Americans.

As a state representative, in 1919 he led a state investigation into the Texas Rangers, who had been accused of crimes and abuses in the Rio Grande Valley, and along with the US 8th Cavalry, were involved in the Porvenir Massacre in deep west Texas on the west side of the Sierra Vieja, north of Candelaria and Ruidosa. The committee heard testimony from 83 witnesses, who revealed extensive abuses by the Rangers of minorities and other poor citizens. After his service in the State House, Canales continued his work as civil rights activist through several Hispanic and Latin American organizations.

Tejanos
Tejanos (/teɪˈhɑːnoʊz/ tay-HAH-nohz, Spanish: [teˈxanos]) are descendants of mostly Native Americans, but also Texas Creoles and Mestizos who settled in Texas before its admission as an American state. The term is also sometimes applied to Texans of Mexican descent.
Area health authority
Area health authorities (AHAs) were 90 National Health Service (NHS) administrative organisations set up in England and Wales in 1974 by the National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973. Separate legislation was passed for Scotland. In England, they were responsible to an upper tier of regional health authorities (RHAs). In 1982, the AHAs were abolished and replaced by 192 smaller district health authorities but the RHAs remained. Both the district and regional health authorities were then themselves abolished in 1996 as a result of the Health Authorities Act 1995.

District health authority
District health authorities (DHAs) were National Health Service (NHS) administrative organisations set up in England and Wales in 1982 by the Health Services Act 1980. They replaced area health authorities (AHAs) and were responsible to an upper tier of regional health authorities (RHAs). Both the district and regional health authorities were abolished in 1996 as a result of the Health Authorities Act 1995.
Mamun Joarder
Mamun Joarder (Bengali: মামুন জোয়ার্দার; born 17 February 1968) is a retired Bangladeshi footballer who played as either a right-winger or right wing-back. Mamun played for a total of 7 clubs during his 15-year-long career, and won the Dhaka Premier Division League title with both Abahani Limited Dhaka and Muktijoddha Sangsad KC.

Mamun was also a member of the Bangladesh national team that won its first international trophy, the Burma Cup in 1995, under coach Otto Pfister. He went on to represent his country from 1990 to 1997, scoring a total of 6 recorded goals.

Burma Tournament 1995
The Burma Tournament 1995 (Burmese: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံပြိုင်ပွဲ ၁၉၉၅), alternatively known as the 4-nation Tiger Trophy, was an international association football friendly tournament organised by Myanmar Football Federation (MFF). It took place from 26 October to 4 November 1995 in Myanmar.
Belvidere Assembly Plant
The Belvidere Assembly Plant (BVAP), a currently idled automobile production facility, will reopen in 2027 to build both the Jeep Cherokee (KL) and Jeep Compass. Stellantis North America, who own and operate the plant, announced in October 2025 that they are investing $600 million in restarting production at the facility. The factory opened in 1965 in Belvidere, Illinois, United States, and last assembled the Jeep Cherokee in 2023.

Jeep Cherokee (KL)
The Jeep Cherokee (KL) is a compact crossover SUV that was manufactured and marketed by the Jeep marque of Stellantis North America. Introduced for model year 2014 at the 2013 New York International Auto Show, sales began in November 2013. It occupies a position between the smaller Compass and the larger Grand Cherokee in Jeep's global lineup.
Zenless Zone Zero
Zenless Zone Zero is a free-to-play action role-playing game developed and published by miHoYo. It was released outside mainland China by HoYoverse.

Zenless Zone Zero was released on Windows, iOS, Android and PlayStation 5 on July 4, 2024. A port for Xbox Series X/S was released on June 6, 2025. It received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise of its gameplay, soundtrack, animation and characters.

MiHoYo
miHoYo Co., Ltd. is a Chinese video game development and publishing company founded in 2012 and headquartered in Shanghai. The company is best known for developing popular franchises, including Honkai, Tears of Themis, Genshin Impact, and Zenless Zone Zero. Beyond video games, miHoYo has diversified its output, creating various products such as animated series, novels, comics, music, and merchandise.

Following the global success of Genshin Impact, which became one of the highest-grossing mobile games of 2021, the company launched a global publishing brand named Cognosphere (trading as HoYoverse) in 2022. HoYoverse was established to manage and expand miHoYo's content production and global publishing outside of China. HoYoverse is based in Singapore and has since conducted global operations under the brand, with offices in Montreal, Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Seoul.
Koshiro Shimada
Koshiro Shimada (島田 高志郎, Shimada Kōshirō; born September 11, 2001) is a Japanese figure skater. With ice dance partner, Ikura Kushida, he is the 2025–26 Japanese national silver medalist.

As a singles skater, he is the 2022-23 Japanese national silver medalist, the 2024 Grand Prix de France silver medalist, a three-time ISU Challenger Series medalist, and the 2019 Bavarian Open champion. On the junior level, he is the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, a three-time ISU Junior Grand Prix medalist, and a two-time Japan Junior national medalist.

Ikura Kushida
Ikura Kushida (櫛田 育良, Kushida Ikura; born October 29, 2007) is a Japanese figure skater. With ice dance partner, Koshiro Shimada, she is the 2025–26 Japanese national silver medalist.

As a singles skater, she is the 2022 JGP Czech Republic bronze medalist, the 2023–24 Japan Junior silver medalist, and the 2024–25 Japan Junior bronze medalist.
Big Dave (character)
Big Dave is a comics character created and written by Grant Morrison and Mark Millar, with artwork by Steve Parkhouse, for 2000 AD.

The character was created for The Summer Offensive, an experiment in which the magazine was handed over to Millar, Morrison and John Smith for eight weeks.

2000 AD (comics)
2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction-oriented comic magazine. As a comics anthology it serialises stories in each issue (known as "progs") and was first published by IPC Magazines in 1977, the first issue dated 26 February. Since 2000, it has been published by Rebellion Developments.

2000 AD is most noted for its Judge Dredd stories, and has been contributed to by a number of artists and writers who became renowned in the field internationally, such as Alan Moore, Dave Gibbons, Grant Morrison, Brian Bolland, Mike McMahon, John Wagner, Alan Grant and Garth Ennis. Other series in 2000 AD include Rogue Trooper, Sláine, The Ballad of Halo Jones, Strontium Dog, ABC Warriors, Nemesis the Warlock and Nikolai Dante.
1956 Cupa României final
The 1956 Cupa României final was the 19th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Energia Câmpia Turzii and Progresul Oradea, and was won by Progresul Oradea after a game with 2 goals. It was the first cup for Progresul Oradea.

Energia Câmpia Turzii was the fifth club representing Divizia B which reached the Romanian Cup final.

CSM Câmpia Turzii
Clubul Sportiv Municipal Câmpia Turzii was a Romanian professional football club from Câmpia Turzii, Cluj County, Romania, founded in 1921 and dissolved in 2021. Throughout the years, the club has had five other names, Metalul, Industria Sârmei, Energia, Mechel and Seso.
De Perier family
The de Perier family is a French lineage of naval and infantry officers from Le Havre in France. From the 17th century onwards, there were two branches, of which only the elder survives.

Notable members include Étienne de Perier (1686-1766), colonial governor of French Louisiana, grand-croix of Saint Louis and lieutenant général des armées navales; Antoine Alexis de Perier de Salvert (1691-1757) chef d'escadre, commander of Saint Louis, director of the Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine; Pierre-Étienne de Perier (1893-1968), divisional general and Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

Antoine-Alexis Perier de Salvert
Antoine Alexis Perier (1691–1757), also known as Perier the Younger (French: Perier jeune), Perier the Cadet, and (after 1729) Perier de Salvert, was a French naval officer appointed to the rank of chef d'escadre in 1752, commander of the order of Saint-Louis.
Tufan Erhürman
Tufan Erhürman (born 11 September 1970) is a Turkish Cypriot academic, lawyer, diplomat, and politician who has been the 6th President of Northern Cyprus since 2025. A scholar in public law by profession, he served in the negotiations to solve the Cyprus dispute between 2008 and 2010. He previously worked for the Ministry of Justice of Turkey between 1999 and 2004 and worked for the establishment of the position of ombudsman in Turkey. He served as the leader of the Republican Turkish Party between 2016 and 2025, until his ascension to the Presidency. He held the office of Prime Minister beginning January 2018 as the leader of a four-party coalition. The coalition government resigned on 9 May 2019, with Erhürman continuing as Prime Minister until the office was taken over by Ersin Tatar on 22 May 2019. He was elected president of Northern Cyprus in a landslide in the 2025 Northern Cypriot presidential election.

Republican Turkish Party
The Republican Turkish Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi, CTP) is a social democratic political party in Northern Cyprus. The party was founded in 1970 by Ahmet Mithat Berberoğlu, a lawyer, in opposition to the leadership of Fazıl Küçük and Rauf Denktaş.

On 30 June 2008, the Republican Turkish Party became a consultative member of the Socialist International (voted in by all members except the Greek Cypriot Movement for Social Democracy). It became a full member of the organization in 2014.
Battle of Montaperti
The Battle of Montaperti was fought on 4 September 1260 between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Florentines were routed. It was the bloodiest battle fought in medieval Italy, with more than 10,000 fatalities. An act of treachery during the battle is recorded by Dante Alighieri in the Inferno section of the Divine Comedy.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Echimyidae
Echimyidae is the family of Neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terrestrial to fossorial to semiaquatic habits. They presently exist mainly in South America; three members of the family also range into Central America, and the hutias are found in the West Indies in the Caribbean. Species of the extinct subfamily Heteropsomyinae formerly lived on Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico in the Antilles.

Hutia
Hutias (known in Spanish as jutía) are moderately large cavy-like rodents of the subfamily Capromyinae that inhabit the Caribbean islands. Most species are restricted to Cuba, but species are known from all of the Greater Antilles, as well as the Bahamas and (formerly) Little Swan Island off of Honduras.

Twenty species of hutia have been identified, but at least half are extinct. Only Desmarest's hutia and the prehensile-tailed hutia remain common and widespread; all other extant species are considered threatened by the IUCN.

The extinct giant hutias of the family Heptaxodontidae also inhabited the Caribbean, but are not thought to be closely related, with the giant hutias belonging in the superfamily Chinchilloidea.
China Netcom
China Netcom, full name China Netcom Group Corporation (Hong Kong) Limited (former stock codes: HKEX:0906, NYSE:CN), abbreviated CNC, was a telecommunication service provider in People's Republic of China. It was formed in August 1999 by the Chinese government to enable inward investments to build high speed Internet communications in the country.

Telecommunications in China
The People's Republic of China possesses a diversified communications system that links all parts of the country by Internet, telephone, telegraph, radio, and television. The country is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to foreign countries. Fiber to the x infrastructure has been expanded rapidly in recent years.
Chris Taylor (businessman)
Christopher Normand Taylor is a Canadian entertainment lawyer and record executive.

In 2004, Taylor co-founded Last Gang Records with concert promoter Donald K. Tarlton. The label was acquired by Entertainment One in 2016, with Taylor becoming the president of eOne's music operations. He was the president and CEO of eOne Music, which was renamed MNRK Music Group in 2021. In 2024 he resigned from MNRK to found Hall of Fame Artists.

MNRK Music Group
MNRK Music Group (pronounced "monarch"), formerly known as Koch Records and Entertainment One (eOne) Music, is an American independent record label and music management company based in New York City. It was formed in 1987 as a music division of Koch Entertainment, which was acquired by and absorbed into Entertainment One (or eOne for short) in 2004. eOne was acquired by toy and multimedia company Hasbro in 2019, absorbed its family brands division in the process and announced the sale of this division to the Blackstone Group in April 2021, which then adopted this name. Hasbro then sold the remains of eOne to Lionsgate, who then rebranded it initially as eOne Canada and then Lionsgate Canada.

MNRK owns the libraries of Artemis Records, Dualtone Records, Last Gang Records and Prosthetic Records.