hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Lutherans
Old Lutherans were German Lutherans in the Kingdom of Prussia, especially in the Province of Silesia, who refused to join the Prussian Union of churches in the 1830s and 1840s. Prussia's king, Frederick William III, was determined to unify the Protestant churches and homogenize their liturgy, organization, and architecture. In a series of proclamations over several years the Church of the Prussian Union was formed, bringing together a group that was majority Lutheran and minority Reformed. As a result, the government of Prussia had full control over church affairs, with the king recognized as the leading bishop.

Attempted suppression of the Old Lutherans led many to emigrate to Australia, Canada, and the United States, resulting in the creation of significant Lutheran denominations in those countries.

The legacy of Old Lutherans also survives in the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church in modern Germany.

Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church
The Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church (German: Selbständige Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche, abbreviated SELK) is a confessional Lutheran church body of Germany. It is a member of the European Lutheran Conference and of the International Lutheran Council (ILC) (of which the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod of North America is also a member). The SELK has about 33,000 members in 174 congregations. The seat of SELK is in Hanover.
Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University
Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University is a Russian astronomical observatory located in the city of Kazan at an altitude of 75 meters above sea level. It is affiliated with the Department of Astronomy of Kazan University, founded in 1810 by Joseph Johann von Littrow.

In September 2023, this observatory and the Engelhardt Observatory were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (although ICOMOS did not recommend inscribing them).

Engelhardt Observatory
The V. P. Engel'gardt Astronomical Observatory (Russian: Астрономическая обсерватория им. В. П. Энгельгардта), also known simply as the Engelhardt Observatory, is located in the village of Oktyabrsky, Zelenodolsky District, Tatarstan (about 20 kilometers west of Kazan). Its observatory code is 136. The co-ordinates are about 55°50′23″N 48°48′45″E﻿ / ﻿55.83972°N 48.81250°E﻿ / 55.83972; 48.81250. It was founded by Dmitry Dubyago and Vasily Engelhardt.

In 2023 the Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University and the Engelhardt Observatory were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (although ICOMOS did not recommend inscribing them).
Martin Hertz
Martin Julius Hertz (7 April 1818, in Hamburg – 22 September 1895) was a German classical philologist, a student and biographer of Karl Lachmann.

He studied philology at the Universities of Bonn and Berlin, where his instructors included August Boeckh (1785–1867) and Karl Lachmann (1793–1851), the latter being an important influence to Hertz' career. He earned his doctorate in 1842, followed by his habilitation a few years later (1845). Afterwards, he embarked on an educational journey throughout Europe (southern Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy and Austria).

In 1855 he became a professor of classical philology at the University of Greifswald, followed by a professorship at the University of Breslau several years later (1862).

He is especially known for his critical editions of Priscian and Aulus Gellius.

Aulus Gellius
Aulus Gellius (c. 125 – after 180 AD) was a Roman author and grammarian, who was probably born and certainly brought up in Rome. He was educated in Athens, after which he returned to Rome. He is famous for his Attic Nights, a commonplace book, or compilation of notes on grammar, philosophy, history, antiquarianism, and other subjects, preserving fragments of the works of many authors who might otherwise be unknown today.
Gérard Oury
Gérard Oury (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁaʁ uʁi]; born Max-Gérard Houry Tenenbaum; 29 April 1919 – 20 July 2006) was a French film director, actor and writer. He is best known for a number of comedies he directed and co-wrote between the 1960s and 1980s, most notably The Sucker (1965), Don't Look Now... We're Being Shot At! (1966), The Brain (1969), The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob (1973), and Ace of Aces (1982).

The Brain (1969 film)
The Brain (French: Le Cerveau) is a 1969 French comedy film directed by Gérard Oury, about a second train robbery by the brain behind the Great Train Robbery of 1963. It stars Jean-Paul Belmondo and Bourvil as a pair of French petty crooks, David Niven as a British Army officer who is secretly a criminal mastermind and Eli Wallach as a Sicilian mafioso.
Vrangsinn
Daniel Salte (born 29 January 1974), better known by his stage name Vrangsinn, is a Norwegian musician, poet, painter and graphic artist, best known as the bassist of black metal band Carpathian Forest (1999–2014; 2019–present).

Carpathian Forest
Carpathian Forest is a band characterized by a raw and aggressive form of Norwegian black metal, combining the primitive ferocity of early 1990s extreme metal with an unmistakable sense of decadence, nihilism, and morbid atmosphere. Their sound merges cold, tremolo-driven guitar riffs, lo-fi music production, and harsh, rasping vocals with an undercurrent of punk-inspired immediacy.
George Jordac
George Jordac (Arabic: جورج جرداق; 1931 – 2014) was a Lebanese author and poet. He published a book about Ali entitled The Voice of Human Justice.

Jordac hails from south Lebanon village of Marjayoun. He attended a local school for his primary education. Thereafter, he moved to Beirut for further study. In 1950, George published his first book while he was still a teenager titled “Wagner and the Woman”. 
He started his career as a journalist, working in several magazines.
He also taught Arabic literature and philosophy in several universities.

In the introduction of the Trouble with Christianity, Philip Voerding who has written the book expresses that "The Voice of Human Justice written by an Eastern Christian named George Jordac. Theodicy was the most important belief in 12er Shia ideology after the oneness of God. I found this to be impressive".

The Voice of Human Justice
The Voice of Human Justice (ISBN 978-964-438-158-4) is an English translation of Sautu'l 'Adālati'l Insaniyah (صوت العدالة الإنسانية), a book written in Arabic by George Jordac, a Christian author from Lebanon. The book is a biography of Ali ibn Abi Talib. The contents of the book were drawn from the Nahj al-Balagha of Ali.

The book depicts the personality of Ali. It also analyses the character of Ali.
According to Jordac, Nahj al-Balagha has implications relating to socio-economic justice. The first edition of the Arabic version was published in 1956. The book has been translated into English, Spanish, French, Persian and several other languages.
National Highways Authority of India
The National Highways Authority of India or NHAI (native: Bhāratīya Rāṣṭrīya Rājmārg Prādhikaraṇ) is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995 (Act 1988) and is responsible for management of a road network of over 50,000 km of National highways out of 1,32,499 km in India. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for satellite mapping of highways.

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) is a ministry of the Government of India, that is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, transport research and in also to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in India. Through its officers of Central Engineering Services (Roads) cadre it is responsible for the development of National Highways of the country.

Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development of the country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. In India, roads are used to transport over 60 percent of the total goods and 85 percent of the passenger traffic. Hence, development of this sector is of paramount importance for India and accounts for a significant part in the budget.
St. Francis College
St. Francis College (St. Francis of Brooklyn or SFC) is a private Franciscan college in Downtown Brooklyn, New York City. It was founded in 1859 by the Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn as the St. Francis Academy and was the first private school in the Diocese of Brooklyn. St. Francis College began as a parochial all-boys academy in the City of Brooklyn and has become a small liberal arts college that has 19 academic departments offering 72 majors and minors.

St. Francis College is a predominantly undergraduate institution with some graduate programs; it is considered a commuter college. As of 2021, there were 2,372 undergraduates and 117 graduate students.

Diocese of Brooklyn
The Diocese of Brooklyn (Latin: Diœcesis Bruklyniensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in the state of New York. It is headquartered in Brooklyn and its territory encompasses the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. Brooklyn is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of New York. The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral Basilica of St. James in Downtown Brooklyn and its co-cathedral is the Co-Cathedral of St. Joseph in Prospect Heights. Brooklyn is one of the few dioceses in the United States that is made up of 100% urban territory. The bishop is Robert J. Brennan.
Robin Moore
Robert Lowell Moore Jr. (October 31, 1925 – February 21, 2008) was an American writer who wrote The Green Berets, The French Connection: A True Account of Cops, Narcotics, and International Conspiracy, and with Xaviera Hollander and Yvonne Dunleavy, The Happy Hooker: My Own Story.

Moore co-authored the lyrics for "The Ballad of the Green Berets", which was one of the major hit songs of 1966. The song was featured in the 1968 film The Green Berets, based on Moore's book, which starred John Wayne. A new edition of The Green Berets was published in April 2007, and his last book, Wars of the Green Berets, co-authored with Col. Mike 'Doc' Lennon, was released in June 2007.

Moore was convicted of tax fraud in 1986. At the time of his death, he was living in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, home to Fort Campbell and the 5th Special Forces Group, where he was working on his memoirs and three other books.

The Green Berets (book)
The Green Berets is a book (ISBN 0-312-98492-8) written by Robin Moore about the Green Berets during the Vietnam War. First published in 1965, it became a best-selling paperback in 1966. The latest edition was published in 2016.
Ennstal Alps
The Ennstal Alps (German Ennstaler Alpen), the Alps of the Enns valley, are a mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps System. They are located primarily in the Austrian state of Styria, and also into the state of Upper Austria.

The most famous scenery in the Ennstal Alps is the Gesäuse, a valley where the Enns river cuts through the limestone.

Gesäuse National Park
Gesäuse National Park is a national park in the Austrian state of Styria. Located in the mountainous Upper Styrian region, it covers large parts of the Gesäuse range within the Ennstal Alps and the steep water gap of the Enns river between Admont and Hieflau. The area also covers parts of the municipal areas of Johnsbach, Weng, Landl, and Sankt Gallen.

The national park currently covers 110 km2 (42 sq mi), with another 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi) planned. It was established on 26 October 2002.

The highest mountain is Hochtor at 2,369 metres (7,772 ft).
Exeter, California
Exeter is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. It is situated in the San Joaquin Valley near the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The population was 10,321 at the 2020 census, down from 10,334 at the 2010 census.

Exeter is located on State Highway 65, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Highway 198 and 15 miles (24 km) east of Highway 99.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
Kegel exercise
Kegel exercise, also known as pelvic floor exercise, involves repeatedly contracting and relaxing the muscles that form part of the pelvic floor, also sometimes colloquially referred to as the "Kegel muscles". The exercise can be performed many times a day, for several minutes at a time, but takes one to three months to begin to have an effect.

Kegel exercises aim to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. These muscles have many functions within the human body. In women, they are responsible for holding up the bladder, preventing urinary stress incontinence (especially after childbirth), vaginal and uterine prolapse. In men, these muscles are responsible for urinary continence, fecal continence, and ejaculation. Several tools exist to help with these exercises, although various studies debate the relative effectiveness of different tools versus traditional exercises.

The American gynecologist Arnold Kegel first published a description of such exercises in 1948.

Stress incontinence
Stress incontinence, also known as stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or effort incontinence is a form of urinary incontinence. It is due to inadequate closure of the bladder outlet by the urethral sphincter.
Surprise (1777 ship)
USS Surprise was a 10-gun sloop of the Continental Navy. She was originally the merchantman Hercules which the Royal Navy had purchased in 1776 and renamed  HMS Racehorse. USS Andrew Doria captured Racehorse in 1776 and the Americans took her into service as Surprise. Her own crew scuttled Surprise on 15 December 1777 to prevent the Royal Navy from recapturing her.

Andrew Doria (1775 brig)
USS Andrew Doria was a 14-gun brig of the Continental Navy. Purchased by the Continental Congress in November 1775, she is most famous for her participation in the Battle of Nassau—the first amphibious engagement by the Continental Navy and the Continental Marines—and for being the first United States vessel to receive a salute from a foreign power.
Quan
Quán is the Pinyin romanization of the Chinese family names 權/权 and 全, as well as a customary spelling of 關 (pinyin: Guān). All written forms of the name are rare enough that they do not appear in the list of the 100 most common Chinese surnames.

Guān
Guan (traditional Chinese: 關; simplified Chinese: 关; pinyin: Guān) is a Chinese surname. Guan is 394th in the Hundred Family Surnames.

In Hong Kong, the surname is romanised as Kwan in Cantonese. In Taiwan, the Wade–Giles spelling Kuan is used. In Macao, the surname is as Kuan due to the Portuguese influence. In addition the surname Cuan is also used in Mexico.

In many overseas Chinese communities, both spellings, Kuan and Kwan, as well as Quan, are common.

It is also a Vietnamese surname that uses the same character, romanised as Quan.

It is also a Japanese surname, Seki (Japanese: 関), that uses the same character.

The Vietnamese surname, Quan and the Japanese surname, Seki, were derived from the same Chinese character as the Chinese surname (The Japanese Kanji 関 is a Shinjitai of the Chinese character 關).
William Wentworth (elder)
William Wentworth (1616–1696/7) was a follower of John Wheelwright, and an early settler of New Hampshire.  Coming from Alford in Lincolnshire, he likely came to New England with Wheelwright in 1636, but no records are found of him in Boston.  When Wheelwright was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his role in the Antinomian Controversy, he established the settlement of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Wentworth followed him there and then to Wells, Maine.  After Wheelwright left Wells for Hampton, New Hampshire, Wentworth went to Dover, New Hampshire, and that was where he lived the remainder of his life. He was the proprietor of a sawmill, and held several town offices, but is most noted for being an elder in his Dover church for nearly 40 years.  He had 11 children with two wives, and numerous descendants, including many of great prominence.

Alford, Lincolnshire
Alford is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, at the foot of the Lincolnshire Wolds, which form an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The population was recorded as 3,459 in the 2011 Census and estimated at 3,830 in 2021. It lies between the towns of Mablethorpe, Louth, Spilsby, and Skegness and acts as a local retail centre.
Elongated pentagonal bipyramid
In geometry, the elongated pentagonal bipyramid or bicapped pentagonal prism is a polyhedron constructed by attaching two pentagonal pyramids onto the base of a pentagonal prism. It is an example of Johnson solid.

Pentagonal pyramid
In geometry, a pentagonal pyramid is a pyramid with a pentagon base and five triangular faces, having a total of six faces. It is categorized as a Johnson solid if all of the edges are equal in length, forming equilateral triangular faces and a regular pentagonal base.

Pentagonal pyramids occur as pieces and tools in the construction of many polyhedra. They also appear in the field of natural science, as in stereochemistry where the shape can be described as the pentagonal pyramidal molecular geometry, as well as the study of shell assembling in the underlying potential energy surfaces and disclination in fivelings and related shapes such as pyramidal copper and other metal nanowires.
GEMS World Academy (Dubai)
GEMS World Academy – Dubai is a private international school located in Al Barsha South, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Operated by GEMS Education, the school opened in 2008 and delivers all four programmes of the International Baccalaureate (IB) from Pre-Kindergarten to Grade 12. As of 2018, it accommodates around 2,050 students from over 80 nationalities.

GEMS Education
GEMS Education, founded as Global Education Management Systems (GEMS), is an international education company. It is one of the world's largest private school operators, and as of late 2022 it operates more than 60 schools across the Middle East and North Africa, and also has schools in Asia, Europe, and North America. Founded in Dubai by Sunny Varkey, the firm provides pre-school, primary, and secondary education.
Ultima Thule (Swedish band)
Ultima Thule (Latin for "Farthest North") is a Swedish rock band. Their style is based on what they call Vikingarock ("Viking rock"), which combines occasional folk melodies with rock, mixed with Oi!, street punk and Teddy Boy. Some of their lyrics are versions of poems and traditional songs by Evert Taube, such as "Änglamark". They have also released several versions of Sweden's national anthem, "Du gamla, Du fria'". They have been described as a white power band, though ethnomusicologist Benjamin R. Teitelbaum argues that this classification is much too simplistic. The band also rejects the description, saying they oppose fascism and racism.

För Fäderneslandet is Ultima Thule's most popular album, selling more than 100,000 copies. Vikingabalk, their second best selling album, went gold with more than 80,000 copies sold.

Viking rock
Viking rock (Vikingarock) is a rock music genre that takes much of its themes from 19th-century Viking romanticism, mixing it with elements of rockabilly, Oi! or street punk, and folk music. Frequent themes occurring in Viking rock include vikings and Norse mythology, as well as Sweden's King Karl XII and the Caroleans.

Viking rock is often linked to white supremacy. Many make no distinction between Viking rock and white power music, and there is debate whether Viking rock is essentially racist. Some viking rock bands, however,  disapprove of racism such as the Swedish band Hel.

Kuggnäsfestivalen is a music festival that caters to viking rock.
Geoffrey Wellum
Squadron Leader  Geoffrey Harris Augustus Wellum DFC (4 August 1921 – 18 July 2018) was a British fighter pilot and author, best known for his participation in the Battle of Britain. Born an only child in Walthamstow, Essex, Wellum was educated at Forest School, Snaresbrook before serving in the RAF. After the war he remained in the RAF until 1961, and later ran a haulage business. In the mid-1980s he retired and moved to Mullion, Cornwall, where he wrote down his wartime memoirs. In 2002 these were published as First Light.

Mullion, Cornwall
Mullion (Cornish: Eglosvelyan) is a civil parish and village on the Lizard Peninsula in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The nearest town is Helston approximately 5 miles (8 km) to the north.

Mullion civil parish encompasses the church town (now known simply as Mullion) and four smaller settlements: Mullion Cove and Predannack to the southwest; Trewoon and Meaver to the east. Mullion is bordered by the parishes of Gunwalloe and Cury to the north, Grade-Ruan to the east, Landewednack to the south, and by Mount's Bay to the west. The parish also includes Mullion Island, a uninhabited island approximately half a mile (0.8 km) offshore from Mullion Cove. The island is home to large colonies of seabirds and is owned by the National Trust.
Cobra Commander
Cobra Commander is a fictional character and the main antagonist of the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero franchise. He is the supreme leader of the terrorist organization Cobra and the archenemy of the G.I. Joe Team. He was portrayed by Joseph Gordon-Levitt in the film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, and by Luke Bracey with the voice of Robert Baker in the 2013 sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation.

Serpentor
Serpentor is a fictional character and a recurring antagonist from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline, comic books, and animated series. Introduced in 1986, the character rules as Emperor over Cobra where most versions are depicted as a composite clone of history's greatest leaders. Serpentor serves as the primary antagonist of the second season of the original animated series.
Kodaikanal–Munnar Road
The Kodaikanal–Munnar Road (old SH-18) was located in Dindigul District and Theni District of Tamil Nadu and Idukki district of Kerala in South India. It covers 81 kilometers (50 mi) from Kodaikanal to Munnar. The road was improved by the British in 1942 as an evacuation route in preparation for a possible Japanese invasion of South India. With a maximum  elevation of 2,480 meters (8,140 ft) just south of Vandaravu Peak, it was among the highest roads in India, south of the Himalayas, prior to its closure in 1990.

Kodaikanal
Kodaikanal (ko-DYE-KAH-null, Tamil pronunciation: [ko'ɖaɪ'kaːnəl]) is a municipality and hill station in Dindigul district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated at an altitude of 2,225 m (7,300 ft) in the Palani Hills of the Western Ghats. Kodaikanal was established in 1845 to serve as a refuge from the high temperatures and tropical diseases during the summer in the plains. It is a popular tourist destination and is referred to as the "Princess of Hill stations" with much of the local economy is based on the hospitality industry serving tourism. As per the 2011 census, the city had a population of 36,501.