hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FC Gagra
FC Gagra (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი გაგრა) is a Georgian professional football club which competes in the Erovnuli Liga, the first tier of Georgian football.

The club has its origins in Gagra, Abkhazia. It was founded in Tbilisi by former player and coach Goderdzi Chikhradze and his cousin in 2004 with a plan to move the club to Gagra in the end, but due to the ongoing Abkhazia conflict the team plays its home games in Tbilisi.

FC Gagra is the only non-top flight Georgian team which has twice won the national cup.

Georgian Cup
The Georgian Cup (Georgian: საქართველოს თასი) is the main annual association football knockout cup competition in Georgia. It is organized by the Georgian Football Federation (GFF) and is open to clubs of all divisions. The tournament was established in 1990 alongside the formation of the independent Georgian national league, and since 1993 has been officially named the David Kipiani Cup in honor of the famous Georgian footballer David Kipiani.

The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa Conference League and also competes in the Georgian Super Cup against the national league champion.
Battle of Barry
56°30′04″N 2°42′30″W﻿ / ﻿56.5011°N 2.7083°W﻿ / 56.5011; -2.7083

The Battle of Barry is a legendary battle in which the Scots, purportedly led by Malcolm II, defeated a Danish invasion force in 1010 AD. Its supposed site in Carnoustie, Angus can be seen in early Ordnance Survey maps. The history of the event relies heavily on tradition and it is considered to be apocryphal. The battle was named for the Parish of Barry, rather than the village, and was formerly thought to have taken place at the mouth of the Lochty burn, in the vicinity of the area that is now occupied by Carnoustie High Street. While the battle is not historically authentic, its romantic appeal continues to capture the popular imagination.

Carnoustie
Carnoustie (/kɑːrˈnuːsti/; Scottish Gaelic: Càrn Ùstaidh) is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is at the mouth of the Barry Burn on the North Sea coast. In the 2011 census, Carnoustie had a population of 11,394, making it the fourth-largest town in Angus.
The town was founded in the late 18th century, and grew rapidly throughout the 19th century due to the growth of the local textile industry. It was popular as a tourist resort from the early Victorian era up to the latter half of the 20th century, due to its seaside location, and is best known for the Carnoustie Golf Links course that often hosts the Open Championship.

Carnoustie can be considered a dormitory town for its nearest city, Dundee, which is 11 miles (18 kilometres) to the west. It is served principally by Carnoustie railway station, and also by Golf Street railway station. Its nearest major road is the A92, north of the town.
New England Mutiny
The New England Mutiny are a women's soccer club based in Ludlow, Massachusetts. They compete in the USL W League, in the amateur level of the United States league system, and play their home games at Lusitano Stadium. Founded in 1999 as the Springfield Sirens, the club commenced play in the original incarnation of the W League, before moving to the Women's Premier Soccer League in 2003, and joining a secession of WPSL clubs to become a founding member of United Women's Soccer in 2016. The Mutiny returned to the W League in 2026.

USL W-League (1995–2015)
The USL W-League was a North American  amateur women's soccer developmental organization. The league was a semi-professional, open league, giving college players the opportunity to play alongside established international players while maintaining their collegiate eligibility. The league was administered by the United Soccer Leagues system (the USL), which also oversees the men's United Soccer League and Premier Development League. The W-League announced on November 6, 2015, that it would cease operation ahead of 2016 season.

After the popularity of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, though, USL began considerations for a new professional women's league; this effort eventually returned to the re-establishing of the league as the USL W League.
Siegel's theorem on integral points
In mathematics, Siegel's theorem on integral points states that a curve of genus greater than zero has only finitely many integral points over any given number field.

The theorem was first proved in 1929 by Carl Ludwig Siegel and was the first major result on Diophantine equations that depended only on the genus and not any special algebraic form of the equations. For g > 1 it was superseded by Faltings's theorem in 1983.

Carl Ludwig Siegel
Carl Ludwig Siegel (31 December 1896 – 4 April 1981) was a German mathematician specialising in analytic number theory. He is known for, amongst other things, his contributions to the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem in Diophantine approximation, Siegel's method, Siegel's lemma and the Siegel mass formula for quadratic forms. He has been named one of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century.

André Weil, without hesitation, named Siegel as the greatest mathematician of the first half of the 20th century. Atle Selberg said of Siegel and his work:

He was in some ways, perhaps, the most impressive mathematician I have met. I would say, in a way, devastatingly so. The things that Siegel tended to do were usually things that seemed impossible. Also after they were done, they still seemed almost impossible.
Ulrich Beck
Ulrich Beck (German: [bɛk]; 15 May 1944 – 1 January 2015) was a German sociologist, and one of the most cited social scientists in the world during his lifetime. His work focused on questions of uncontrollability, ignorance and uncertainty in the modern age, and he coined the terms "risk society" and "second modernity" or "reflexive modernization". He also tried to overturn national perspectives that predominated in sociological investigations with a cosmopolitanism that acknowledges the interconnectedness of the modern world. He was a professor at the University of Munich and also held appointments at the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH) in Paris, and at the London School of Economics.

Second modernity
Second modernity is a phrase coined by the German sociologist Ulrich Beck, and is his word for the period after modernity.

Where modernity broke down agricultural society in favour of industrial society, second modernity transforms industrial society into a new and more reflexive network society or information society.
Barak
Barak (/ˈbɛəræk/ or /ˈbɛərək/; Hebrew: בָּרָק; Tiberian Hebrew: Bārāq; "lightning")  was a ruler of Ancient Israel. As military commander in the biblical Book of Judges, Barak, with Deborah, from the Tribe of Ephraim, the prophet and fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel, defeated the Canaanite armies led by Sisera.

Sisera
Sisera (Hebrew: סִיסְרָא, romanized: Sīsərāʾ‍) was commander of the Canaanite army of King Jabin of Hazor, who is mentioned in Judges 4–5 of the Hebrew Bible. After being defeated by the forces of the Israelite tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali under the command of Barak and Deborah, Sisera was killed by Jael, who hammered a tent peg into his temple while he slept.

The etymology of Sisera's name is unclear. Sisera's name has been variously identified as Philistine, Hittite, Hurrian, or Egyptian (Ses-Ra, "servant of Ra"). The Israeli scholar and archaeologist Adam Zertal identifies Sisera with the Sea People called Sherden, arguing that Sisera came from the island of Sardinia.
50th Flying Training Squadron
The 50th Flying Training Squadron is an inactive squadron of the United States Air Force.  It was last active as part of the 14th Flying Training Wing at Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi, where it was inactivated in July 2025.  It operated Northrop T-38C Talon aircraft conducting flight training there from 1972.

The squadron was first activated in January 1941 as the 50th Pursuit Squadron.  Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, it participated in the air defense of the Pacific Coast.  In August 1942, it moved to Iceland, where it participated in the defense of the North Atlantic as the 50th Fighter Squadron until the summer of 1944, when it moved to England and was disbanded.  The squadron was again activated in the reserve in June 1947, but apparently was not fully manned or equipped before inactivating in June 1949.

14th Flying Training Wing
The 14th Flying Training Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force based out of Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi.

The 14th Operations Group and its six squadrons are responsible for the 52-week Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) mission. The group also performs quality assurance for contract aircraft maintenance.

The 14th Mission Support Group provides essential services with a 5-squadron/2-division, 750+ person work force and $38 million budget. It operates/maintains facilities and infrastructure for a 6,013-acre (24.33 km2) pilot training base and provides contracting, law enforcement, supply, transportation, fire protection, communications, education, recreation and personnel management for 9,500 people. The group is also responsible for wartime preparedness and contingency operations.
Great Siege of Montevideo
The Great Siege of Montevideo (Spanish: Gran Sitio de Montevideo), named as Sitio Grande in Uruguayan historiography, was the siege suffered by the city of Montevideo between 1843 and 1851 during the Uruguayan Civil War.

In practice, this siege meant that Uruguay had two parallel governments:

Gobierno de la Defensa in Montevideo, led by Joaquín Suárez (1843 – 1852)

Gobierno del Cerrito (with headquarters in the present-day neighborhood of Cerrito de la Victoria), ruling the rest of the country, led by Manuel Oribe (1843 – 1851)

The siege inspired a book by the French writer Alexandre Dumas, The New Troy (1850).

Manuel Oribe
Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana (August 26, 1792 – November 12, 1857) was the 2nd Constitutional president of Uruguay and founder of Uruguay's National Party, the oldest Uruguayan political party and considered one of the two Uruguayan "traditional" parties, along with the Colorado Party, which was, until the 20th century, its only political adversary.
Long-tailed porcupine
The long-tailed porcupine (Trichys fasciculata) is a species of rodent in the family Hystricidae. It is a brown, rat-like animal covered in bristles except for its head and underneath its body. Its long tail can fall off when grabbed by predators, but does not regenerate. It is the only species in the genus Trichys, and is found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.

Old World porcupine
The Old World porcupines, or Hystricidae, are large terrestrial rodents, distinguished by the spiny covering from which they take their name. They range over Southern Europe (Italy) and the Levant, most of Africa, India, and Southeast Asia as far east as Flores. Although both the Old World and New World porcupine families belong to the infraorder Hystricognathi of the vast order Rodentia, they are quite different and are not particularly closely related.
Autodesk Alias
Autodesk Alias (formerly known as Alias StudioTools) is a family of computer-aided industrial design (CAID) software predominantly used in automotive design and industrial design for generating class A surfaces  using  Bézier surface and non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) modeling method.

The product is sold specifically as CAID rather than CAD, and its tools and abilities are oriented more towards the "styling" aspect of design - that is to say, the product's housing and outer appearance. It does not go into mechanical detail like other CAD programs such as Siemens NX,  Inventor, CATIA, Creo and SolidWorks.

Alias Systems Corporation
Alias Systems Corporation (formerly  Alias Research, Alias|Wavefront), headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was a software company that produced high-end 3D graphics software. Alias was eventually bought by Autodesk.
General History of Taiwan
The General History of Taiwan (Chinese: 臺灣通史) is a work of Taiwanese history in the traditional style of historiography written by Taiwanese historian Lien Heng during the Japanese colonial period. The book was written in the 1910s, completed in 1918, and published in 1920 and 1921. The first and second volumes of the General History were published in 1920 by Lien Heng himself through the Society for the General History of Taiwan set up in Twatutia, Taipei; the third volume was published in 1921. In 1946, the Chungking edition was published, consisting of a first and second volume. The foreword and inscription by Japanese officials were removed and changes were made to the order and content, adding forewords by Hsu Ping-chang and Chang Chi. In 1947, the Shanghai edition was published.

Lien Heng
Lien Heng (Chinese: 連橫; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liân Hêng; February 17, 1878 – June 28, 1936) was a Taiwanese historian, linguist, and poet. His most representative work was The General History of Taiwan. He contributed to the creation and spread of a unified and strong Taiwanese cultural identity through his historical research and works of poetry.
Ben Hutton
Ben Hutton (born April 20, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). Hutton was drafted 147th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 2012 NHL entry draft.

Hutton played Junior A with the Kemptville 73's and Nepean Raiders of the Central Canada Hockey League before joining the college hockey ranks with the Maine Black Bears of the Hockey East league. Hutton earned All-Hockey East First Team honours during his college career. Internationally, he represented Canada at the 2011 World Junior A Challenge, winning silver, and played for Canada at the 2016 IIHF World Championship in Moscow, winning gold. Hutton won the Stanley Cup with the Golden Knights in 2023.

2023 Stanley Cup Final
The 2023 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2022–23 season and the culmination of the 2023 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Western Conference champion Vegas Golden Knights defeated the Eastern Conference champion Florida Panthers four games to one in the best-of-seven series to earn their first championship in their sixth season. Vegas had home ice advantage in the series with the better regular season record.

The series began on June 3, and concluded on June 13. This was the first Final series since 2018 in which neither team had previously won the Stanley Cup. For the first time since before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Final ran through the first weeks of June.
Targovishte Airport
Targovishte Airport (IATA: TGV, ICAO: LBTG), also known Buhovtsi Airfield, is located near the village of Buhovtsi, 13 km from the city of Targovishte. Its unique location gives a chance for service of an area covering three regions including Targovishte, Shumen and Razgrad Provinces. It is currently inoperational because of the lack of financial resources.

Targovishte Province
43°15′N 26°30′E﻿ / ﻿43.250°N 26.500°E﻿ / 43.250; 26.500

Targovishte Province (Bulgarian: Област Търговище, transliterated Oblast Tǎrgovište, former name Targovishte okrug) is a province in northeastern Bulgaria, named after its main city - Targovishte. As of December 2009, it had a population of 129,675.
Ben Harper (musician, born 1980)
Benjamin Eric Harper (born November 14, 1980) is an American rock musician. He is best known for being the founder & former lead guitarist for the American rock band Yellowcard, as well as for the bands Amber Pacific and HeyMike! and This Legend. Harper is founder and CEO of Takeover Records. Alongside these projects, Harper is the owner and founder of Takeover Live, a broadcasting and media production company that specializes in live-streaming bands along with giving artists a platform to share their sound on.

Longineu W. Parsons III
Longineu Warren "LP" Parsons III (born February 16, 1980) is a French-born American rock musician. He is the current drummer of American metalcore band Evergreen Terrace and is best known as the founding drummer of the American rock band Yellowcard. He played on all of the band's studio albums from their debut outing Midget Tossing (1997) through their eighth album Southern Air (2012). He departed from the band in 2014.
Jeepers Creepers 3
Jeepers Creepers 3 is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva. The film is the third installment in the Jeepers Creepers film series, serving as a direct interquel between Jeepers Creepers (2001) and Jeepers Creepers 2 (2003). Jonathan Breck reprises his role as The Creeper. Gina Philips returns in a cameo as Trish Jenner, her first return to the series since the original film. The film was shown in theaters on September 26, 2017, in what was originally announced as a one-night-only showing and was then shown again on October 4.

Victor Salva
Victor Ronald Salva (born March 29, 1958) is an American child sex offender and filmmaker. He has primarily worked in the horror genre, most notably as the writer-director of the commercially successful Jeepers Creepers (2001) and its sequels Jeepers Creepers 2 (2003) and Jeepers Creepers 3 (2017). Outside of horror, Salva wrote and directed the fantasy-drama film Powder (1995).

Salva's filmmaking career has been controversial due to his 1988 conviction for sexually abusing a 12-year-old actor who starred in his feature film debut Clownhouse (1989), along with possessing child pornography. This controversy has led to protests against his films, including a boycott of Powder organized by his victim.
Pero Vaz de Caminha
Pero Vaz de Caminha (c. 1450 – 15 December 1500; European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeɾu ˈvaʒ ðɨ kɐˈmiɲɐ]; also spelled Pedro Vaz de Caminha) was a Portuguese knight that accompanied Pedro Álvares Cabral to India in 1500 as a secretary to the royal factory. Caminha wrote the detailed official report of the April 1500 discovery of Brazil by Cabral's fleet (Carta de Pêro Vaz de Caminha, dated 1 May 1500). He died in a riot in Calicut, India, at the end of that year.

Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
In his letter to Manuel I of Portugal, Pero Vaz de Caminha narrates to the Portuguese king what was then the Europeans’ first encounter with South American natives, alongside what is considered by many today as being one of the most accurate accounts of what Brazil used to look like in 1500. "[...] Esse arvoredo, que é tanto, tamanho, tão basto e de tantas prumagens, que homens as não podem contar.", which roughly translates as "Such vastness of the enormous treeline, with abundant foliage, that is incalculable", is one of Pero's  most famous descriptions. He describes in a diary from the first journey from Portugal to Brazil and their arrival in this country. This letter is considered to be the first document of Brazilian history as much as its first literary text. The original of this 27-page document can be found in the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon.
Galla-Sidamo Governorate
Galla-Sidamo Governorate was one of the six governorates of Italian East Africa. It was formed in 1936 from parts of the conquered Ethiopian Empire following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War with the capital was Jimma. In November 1938 some territory of Galla-Sidamo in the Scioa region was given to the neighboring Addis Abeba Governorate, enlarging it to the Scioa Governorate.

The area bordering the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was the stronghold of the Ethiopian resistance against the Italians until 1939, when it was practically pacified.

The Governorate of Galla-Sidamo was subdivided into:

Scioa Governorate
The Scioa Governorate (Governo dello Scioa), also known as the Shewa Governorate, was one of the six governorates of Italian East Africa. It was formed in 1936 from parts of the conquered Ethiopian Empire following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War with its administrative capital being Addis Abeba.
McNaughton's theorem
In automata theory, McNaughton's theorem refers to a theorem that asserts that the set of ω-regular languages is identical to the set of languages recognizable by deterministic Muller automata.
This theorem is proven by supplying an algorithm to construct a deterministic Muller automaton for any ω-regular language and vice versa.

This theorem has many important consequences.
Since (non-deterministic) Büchi automata and ω-regular languages are equally expressive, the theorem implies that Büchi automata and deterministic Muller automata are equally  expressive.
Since complementation of deterministic Muller automata is trivial, the theorem implies that Büchi automata/ω-regular languages are closed under complementation.

Muller automaton
In automata theory, a Muller automaton is a type of an ω-automaton. 
The acceptance condition separates a Muller automaton from other ω-automata.
The Muller automaton is defined using a Muller acceptance condition, i.e. the set of all states visited infinitely often must be an element of the acceptance set. Both deterministic and non-deterministic Muller automata recognize the ω-regular languages. They are named after David E. Muller, an American mathematician and computer scientist, who invented them in 1963.
Rick Rubin
Frederick Jay Rubin (/ˈruːbɪn/, ROO-bin; born March 10, 1963) is an American record producer. He is a co-founder of Def Jam Recordings, founder of American Recordings, and former co-president of Columbia Records.

Rubin helped popularize hip hop by producing records for pioneering acts such as LL Cool J, the Beastie Boys, Run-DMC, Public Enemy and Geto Boys. He has also produced hit records for acts from a variety of other genres, such as pop (Kesha, Adele, Ed Sheeran, Lady Gaga), heavy metal (Danzig, Metallica, Slayer), alternative rock (The Cult, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine, the Strokes, Weezer), hard rock (Audioslave, AC/DC, Aerosmith), nu metal (Linkin Park, System of a Down, Slipknot), and country (Johnny Cash, The Avett Brothers, the Chicks, Tyler Childers, Kid Rock).

In 2007, Rubin was called "the most important producer of the last 20 years" by MTV and was named on Time's 2007 list of the "100 Most Influential People in the World".

American Recordings (record label)
American Recordings (formerly Def American Recordings, Inc.) is an American record label headed by producer Rick Rubin. The label has featured artists such as Slayer, the Black Crowes, ZZ Top, Danzig, Trouble, Tom Petty, Johnny Cash, The Mother Hips, and System of a Down.
Teresa Giudice
Teresa Giudice (/ˈdʒuːdɪtʃeɪ/ JOO-ditch-ay, Italian: [teˈrɛːza ˈdʒuːditʃe]; née Gorga; born May 18, 1972) is an American television personality best known for being on The Real Housewives of New Jersey. Besides appearing on the show, Giudice wrote multiple New York Times bestseller cookbooks and was featured on Donald Trump's The Celebrity Apprentice 5 (2012).

In December 2015, she was released from prison after serving 11 months of a 15-month sentence for fraud, while her husband and four daughters resided in the Towaco section of Montville, New Jersey. She is known for her extravagant lifestyle and highly publicized financial and legal troubles leading up to her felony conviction and prison sentence. Her ex-husband, born Giuseppe but called Joe, began his 41-month sentence in March 2016.

Towaco, New Jersey
Towaco /təˈwɑː.koʊ/ is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the township of Montville, Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,624.

The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07082. Its name reflects the Native American history in the area, which identified the locale as TaWagh, meaning "hill", a reference to the terrain of Towaco.

The Towaco station offers NJ Transit rail service along the Montclair-Boonton Line. It essentially replaced the abandoned Montville station. The train station has been renovated.