hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)
The Province of Pomerania (German: Provinz Pommern; Polish: Prowincja Pomorze) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945. Pomerania was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815, an expansion of the older Brandenburg-Prussia province of Pomerania, and then became part of the German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Pomerania was a province of the Free State of Prussia until it was dissolved following World War II by decree of the Allied Control Council with the de jure abolition of Prussia on 25 February 1947, and its territory divided between Poland and Allied-occupied Germany. The city of Stettin (present-day Szczecin, Poland) was the provincial capital.

Province of Posen
The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen; Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920, occupying most of the historical Greater Poland. The province was established following the Poznań Uprising of 1848 as a successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen, which in turn was annexed by Prussia in 1815 from Duchy of Warsaw. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. After World War I, Posen was briefly part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, but was dissolved in 1920 after the Greater Poland Uprising broke out and most of its territory was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The remaining German territory was re-organized into Posen-West Prussia in 1922.

Posen (present-day Poznań, Poland) was the provincial capital.
Vesicoureteral reflux
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), also known as vesicoureteric reflux, is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys. Urine normally travels in one direction (forward, or anterograde) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a one-way valve at the vesicoureteral (ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow.  The valve is formed by oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder, creating a short length of ureter (1–2 cm) that can be compressed as the bladder fills.  Reflux occurs if the ureter enters the bladder without sufficient tunneling, i.e., too "end-on".

Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Pampanga State University
Pampanga State University (Pampanga State U), formerly Don Honorio Ventura State University (DHVSU) is a state university in Bacolor, Pampanga, Philippines. It was founded by Augustinian friar, Fr. Juan P. Zita as “Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Bacolor” on November 4, 1861 upon the approval of Governor-General José Lémery e Ibarrola.
The university has seven regular campuses in Apalit, Candaba, Porac, Mexico, Santo Tomas, Lubao, and City of San Fernando in the province of Pampanga. It was considered as the oldest vocational school in Far East Asia.

Lubao
Lubao, officially the Municipality of Lubao (Kapampangan: Balen ning Lubao; Filipino: Bayan ng Lubao), is a municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 190,355 people.

The town is known as the birthplace of Diosdado Macapagal, the 9th President of the Philippines.
City of Prospect
City of Prospect is an inner urban local government area (LGA) in Adelaide, South Australia. The council seat is the unusually-large suburb of Prospect, which makes up almost two thirds of the tiny council area, which is less than 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi). Established in 1872, it is one of the oldest local government bodies in South Australia.

The demographics of the suburb show an above-average preponderance of young professionals, and a growing population.

Prospect, South Australia
Prospect is the seat of the City of Prospect and an inner northern suburb of greater Adelaide, South Australia. It is located 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Adelaide's centre.

Surrounding suburbs include Kilburn, Fitzroy, Medindie and Devon Park. The suburb has boundaries of Main North Road to the east; Carter Street, Audley Avenue and Avenue Road to the south; The Gawler railway line to the west, and a line 400m north of Regency Road (Livingstone Avenue, Angwin Avenue and Henrietta Street) to the north.

Prospect comprises a large majority of the land area (about five-sevenths, or 71%) of the City of Prospect council area.
William Ellis Metford
William Ellis Metford (4 October 1824 – 14 October 1899) was a British engineer best known for designing the Metford rifling used in the .303 calibre Lee–Metford and Martini–Metford service rifles in the late 19th century.

Lee–Metford
The Lee–Metford (also known as the Magazine Lee–Metford or .303 Lee Metford) is a British bolt action rifle which combined James Paris Lee's rear-locking bolt system and detachable magazine with an innovative seven-groove rifled barrel designed by William Ellis Metford. It replaced the Martini–Henry as the standard service rifle of the British Empire in 1888, following nine years of development and trials, but remained in service for only a short time until replaced by the Lee–Enfield.
Battle of Palnadu
The Battle of Palnadu took place sometime in the years 1178–1182 CE, between a Haihaya king called Nalagamaraju, who ruled the then Gurazala kingdom, and his step-brother Malidevaraju who ruled the then Macherla kingdom. Nalagamaraju was supported by Nayakuralu Nagamma while Malidevaraju was supported by Palanati Brahmanaidu| alias Seelam Brahmanaidu, a social reformer from velama caste. The story, as presented in both oral and written narratives, is largely corroborated by inscriptional records.

Malidevaraju
Malidevaraju was a monarch of Macherla in the Palnadu kingdom, in present-day Andhra Pradesh, India. He fought for the complete control of Palnadu in the Battle of Karempudi but was killed during the conflict by Nalagmaraju Yadava king of same haihaya dynasty .

Malideva was exiled from his kingdom by his step-brother Nalagmaraju, on the pretext of his defeat in a cock-fight held at Rentachintala, halfway between the kingdoms of Gujarla and Macherla.

He was assisted by the statesman and social reformer Brahma Naidu against his half-brother Nalagamaraju, who was ruling at Gurajala. He also received support from the Southern Kalachuris because he had married a Kalachuri princess of Kalyana who was the daughter of Rayamurari Sovideva, the Kalachuri king of Kalyani.
Silversmith
A silversmith is a metalworker who crafts objects from silver. The terms silversmith and goldsmith are not exact synonyms, as the techniques, training, history, and guilds are (or were, at least) largely the same but differed in that the end product may vary greatly (as may the scale of objects created).

Goldsmith
A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Modern goldsmiths mainly specialize in jewelry-making but historically, they have also made silverware, platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, and ceremonial or religious items.

Goldsmiths must be skilled in forming metal through filing, soldering, sawing, forging, casting, and polishing. The trade has very often included jewelry-making skills, as well as the very similar skills of the silversmith. Traditionally, these skills had been passed along through apprenticeships; more recently jewelry arts schools, specializing in teaching goldsmithing and a multitude of skills falling under the jewelry arts umbrella, are available. Many universities and junior colleges also offer goldsmithing, silversmithing, and metal arts fabrication as a part of their fine arts curriculum.
Brattvåg Church
Brattvåg Church (Norwegian: Brattvåg kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Haram Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Brattvåg. It is one of the two churches for the Brattvåg parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The modern-looking concrete church was built in a rectangular design in 1977 using plans drawn up by the architect Aksel Fronth. The church seats about 650 people.

Brattvåg
Brattvåg is the administrative centre of Haram Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the Norwegian mainland, along the west side of the Samfjorden. It is located about 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) northwest of the villages of Vatne/Eidsvik.

The 1.75-square-kilometre (430-acre) village has a population (2024) of 2,437 and a population density of 1,393 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,610/sq mi).

Brattvåg has three schools: one primary school (barneskule), a lower secondary school (ungdomsskule), and an upper secondary school (vidaregåande). Brattvåg Church is the main church for this area of the municipality. Brattvåg houses factories for both Kongsberg Gruppen and Vard. Kongsberg Deck Machinery Brattvåg is the world's largest manufacturer of winches. The sports club Brattvåg IL is located in the village.

The newspaper Haramsnytt is published in Brattvåg.
Yelkouan shearwater
The yelkouan shearwater, Levantine shearwater or Mediterranean shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan) is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus).

Manx shearwater
The Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx shearwaters were called Manks puffins in the 17th century. Puffin is an Anglo-Norman word (Middle English pophyn) for the cured carcasses of nestling shearwaters. The Atlantic puffin acquired the name much later, possibly because of its similar nesting habits.
Oldřich Lipský
Oldřich Lipský (4 July 1924 – 19 October 1986) was a Czech film director and screenwriter. He focused exclusively on filming comedies and his work includes more than twenty films. Among his films with international success are Lemonade Joe (1964) and Happy End (1967). His brother was the actor Lubomír Lipský. In addition to his brother, he often collaborated with Miloš Kopecký, Jiří Brdečka, Miloš Macourek, Zdeněk Svěrák and Ladislav Smoljak.

Lubomír Lipský
Lubomír Lipský (19 April 1923 – 2 October 2015) was a Czech actor. He was known primarily for his comedic roles and also established himself as a voice actor. He was an active actor until the end of his life, playing over 300 film and stage roles. His brother was the film director Oldřich Lipský and he played in most of his brother's films.
1948 Donora smog
The 1948 Donora smog, also called the Donora death fog, was an air pollution disaster that occurred in Donora, Pennsylvania, beginning on October 27, 1948, and lasting several days. It was caused by hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide emissions from U.S. Steel's Donora Zinc Works and its American Steel & Wire plant during an atmospheric temperature inversion. It killed 20 people and caused respiratory problems for 6,000 of the 14,000 people living in Donora, a mill town on the Monongahela River 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Pittsburgh. The event is commemorated by the Donora Smog Museum.

Sixty years later, the incident was described by The New York Times as "one of the worst air pollution disasters in the nation's history." Even 10 years after the incident, mortality rates in Donora were significantly higher than those in other communities nearby.

Donora Smog Museum
The Donora Smog Museum features a collection of archival materials documenting the Donora Smog of 1948, an air inversion of smog containing fluorine that killed 20 people in Donora, Pennsylvania, United States, a mill town 20 miles south of Pittsburgh on the Monongahela River.

Donora was home to U.S. Steel's Donora Zinc Works and its American Steel & Wire plant. The event is sometimes credited for initiating the clean-air movement in the United States, whose crowning achievement was the Clean Air Act.

The museum, which opened October 20, 2008, is located at 595 McKean Avenue near Sixth Street in an old storefront.

The museum has partnered with California University of Pennsylvania to develop a digital collection of primary sources that are archived on site.
Pieria (regional unit)
Pieria (Greek: Πιερία) is one of the regional units of Greece located in the southern part of the Region of Central Macedonia, within the historical province of Macedonia. Its capital is the town of Katerini. The name Pieria originates from the ancient Pieres tribe. In Pieria, there are many sites of archeological interest, such as Dion, Pydna, Leivithra and Platamonas. Pieria contains Mount Pierus, from which Hermes takes flight in order to visit Calypso, and is the home of Orpheus,  the Muses, and contains the Pierian Spring. Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece and throne of the ancient Greek gods, is located in the southern part of Pieria. Other ancient cities included Leibethra and Pimpleia.

Archaeological Park of Dion
The Archaeological Park of Dion is the most important archaeological site at Mount Olympus in Greece, located in Dion (Greek: Δίον). In the area comprised by the Archaeological Park of Dion, sanctuaries were found from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The park displays the importance of ancient Dion in the history of Pieria.
Hampton-on-Sea
Hampton-on-Sea is a drowned and abandoned village in what is now the Hampton area of Herne Bay, Kent. It grew from a tiny fishing hamlet in 1864 at the hands of an oyster fishery company, was developed from 1879 by land agents, abandoned in 1916 and finally drowned due to coastal erosion by 1921. All that now remains is the stub of the original pier, the Hampton Inn, and the rocky arc of Hampton-on-Sea's ruined coastal defence visible at low tide. The site is notable for sharing its history with the eccentric Edmund Reid. Reid was previously the Metropolitan Police head of CID who handled the Jack the Ripper case. In retirement he chose to champion the plight of the beleaguered residents of the settlement.

Edmund Reid
Detective Inspector Edmund John James Reid (21 March 1846 – 5 December 1917) was the head of the CID in the Metropolitan Police's H Division at the time of the Whitechapel murders of Jack the Ripper in 1888. He was also an early aeronaut.
Maclovia
Maclovia (Belleza Maldita in some countries) is a 1948 Mexican romantic drama film directed by Emilio Fernández, who also co-wrote it along with Mauricio Magdaleno, and starring María Félix and Pedro Armendáriz.

María Félix
María de los Ángeles Félix Güereña (Spanish: [maˈɾi.a ˈfeliɣs]; 8 April 1914 – 8 April 2002) was a Mexican actress and singer. Along with Pedro Armendáriz and Dolores del Río, she was one of the most successful figures of Latin American cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. Considered one of the most beautiful actresses of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema, her strong personality and taste for finesse garnered her the title of diva early in her career. She was known as La Doña, a name derived from her character in Doña Bárbara (1943), and María Bonita, thanks to the anthem composed exclusively for her as a wedding gift by her second husband, Agustín Lara. Her acting career consists of 47 films made in Mexico, Spain, France, Italy, and Argentina.
Leopoldo Ruiz y Flóres
Leopoldo Ruiz y Flóres  (13 November 1865 – 12 December 1941) was a Mexican prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Morelia from 1911 until his death in 1941. He was previously Bishop of Léon from 1900 to 1907 and Archbishop of Linares o Nueva León from 1907 to 1911.

During the Church-state negotiations following the Cristero War, he represented the Holy See as its Apostolic Delegate to Mexico. He was sent into exile in 1932 in reprisal for a sharp critique of the Mexican government by Pope Pius XI and returned in 1938.

Archdiocese of Morelia
The Archdiocese of Morelia (Latin: Archidioecesis Moreliensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western central Mexico. It was erected on 11 August 1536 as the Diocese of Michoacán.

The cathedra is found in the Cathedral of the Transfiguration in the episcopal see of Morelia, capital of Michoacán state. It also has a minor basilica: Basílica de Nuestra Señora de la Salud, in Pátzcuaro, Michoacán de Ocampo.
New York State Route 297
New York State Route 297 (NY 297) is a state highway in the western suburbs of Syracuse, New York, in the United States. It is signed as north–south; however, it follows more of a southwest–northeast alignment for 2.33 miles (3.75 km) through the towns of Camillus and Geddes. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 173 in a section of Camillus known as Fairmount. Its northern terminus is at a junction with State Fair Boulevard in Geddes, where NY 297 connects to Interstate 690 (I-690) exit 7. NY 297 passes through the northern portion of the village of Solvay and runs adjacent to the New York State Fairgrounds north of Solvay. The route was assigned in the late 1950s.

Camillus, New York
Camillus is a town in Onondaga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 25,346.

The Town of Camillus is west of Syracuse. There is also a village named Camillus in the town. Much of the town is a western suburb of Syracuse.
Robert Barron
Robert Emmet Patrick Barron (born November 19, 1959) is an American theologian who has served as bishop of the Diocese of Winona–Rochester since 2022. He served as rector at Mundelein Seminary from 2012 to 2015 and as auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Los Angeles from 2015 to 2022. He has published on theology and spirituality, and is the founder of Word on Fire.

Barron was the host of Catholicism, a documentary TV series that aired on PBS. His social media following has earned him the monikers "bishop of Catholic social media" and the "bishop of the Internet". His 2016 film series, Catholicism: The Pivotal Players, was syndicated for national television in the United States.

Barron is a religion correspondent for NBC, and a pundit on Fox News since 2024.

Word on Fire
Word on Fire is a Catholic media organization founded by Bishop Robert Barron that uses digital and traditional media to introduce Catholicism to the broader world. It rose to prominence through Barron's work as a priest engaging with new media, and has been noted as an effective model for sharing information about Catholicism to the public.
Quotient (universal algebra)
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation.
Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in the formal sense described below.
Its equivalence classes partition the elements of the given algebraic structure. The quotient algebra has these classes as its elements, and the compatibility conditions are used to give the classes an algebraic structure.

The idea of the quotient algebra abstracts into one common notion the quotient structure of quotient rings of ring theory, quotient groups of group theory, the quotient spaces of linear algebra and the quotient modules of representation theory into a common framework.

Quotient ring
In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a quotient ring, also known as factor ring, difference ring or residue class ring, is a construction quite similar to the quotient group in group theory and to the quotient space in linear algebra. It is a specific example of a quotient, as viewed from the general setting of universal algebra. Starting with a ring  and a two-sided ideal  in ⁠⁠, a new ring, the quotient ring ⁠⁠, is constructed, whose elements are the cosets of  in  subject to special  and  operations. Quotient ring notation almost always uses a fraction slash "⁠⁠"; stacking the ring over the ideal using a horizontal line as a separator is uncommon and generally avoided.

Quotient rings are distinct from the "quotient field", or field of fractions, of an integral domain as well as from the more general "rings of quotients" obtained by localization.
Barney Greenway
Mark Andrew "Barney" Greenway (born 13 July 1969) is a British extreme metal vocalist who is the lead singer and primary lyricist of Napalm Death and a former member of Extreme Noise Terror and Benediction.

Greenway has stated his nickname "Barney" came from a time when he used to drink alcohol. He stated he would get so drunk that when he went anywhere, he would bump into everything. From this behaviour, his friend Stick (drummer of Doom) would call him "Rubble", which changed to "Barney Rubble" and then just "Barney".

According to Graham Hartmann of Loudwire, "Greenway's primordial swamp-thing barking is one of extreme metal's most distinct and imposing voices".

Extreme Noise Terror
Extreme Noise Terror (often abbreviated to ENT) are a British extreme metal band formed in Ipswich, England in 1985. They are considered to be one of the earliest and most influential crust bands. Noted for one of the earliest uses of dual vocalists in hardcore, and for recording a number of sessions for BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel, the band started as crust punks and helped characterise the early, archetypal grindcore sound with highly political lyrics, fast guitars and tempos, and often very short songs.
Kaopectate
Kaopectate is an orally taken medication for the treatment of mild diarrhea. It is also sometimes used to treat indigestion, nausea, and stomach ulcers. The active ingredients have varied over time, and are different between the United States and Canada. The original active ingredients were kaolinite and pectin. In Canada and Switzerland, the active ingredient is now Attapulgite, while in the US, the active ingredient is now bismuth subsalicylate (the same as in Pepto-Bismol).

Palygorskite
Palygorskite or attapulgite is a magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2O) that occurs in a type of clay soil common to the Southeastern United States.  It is one of the types of fuller's earth. Some smaller deposits of this mineral can be found in Mexico, where its use is tied to the manufacture of Maya blue in pre-Columbian times.
Cricbuzz
Cricbuzz is a cricket news website owned by Times Internet. It features news, articles and live coverage of cricket matches including videos,  text commentary, player stats and team rankings. It also offers a mobile app.

Times Internet
Times Internet is an Indian multinational technology company, based in Gurgaon. It is the digital arm of The Times Group, the largest media conglomerate in India.

Through its venture capital arm TVentures, Times Internet has invested in over 50 start-ups in the technology space such as logistics provider Delhivery, bus aggregating platform Shuttl, ed-tech platform Byju's, and gaming platform MPL, among others.