hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition) (abbreviated ASN (RDA)) is a civilian office of the United States Department of the Navy. The assistant secretary of the Navy (research, development and acquisition) requires Senate confirmation, and engages in duties as directed by the secretary of the Navy.

The office was created in 1990 by merging the duties of the assistant secretaries of the navy for shipbuilding and logistics and research, engineering and systems. The assistant secretary of the navy (research, development and acquisition) is responsible for all of the acquisition functions and programs for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps, subject to the guidelines propounded by the under secretary of defense for acquisition and sustainment. The assistant secretary of the navy (research, development and acquisition) is also in charge of the Office of Naval Research.

Office of Naval Research
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is an organization within the United States Department of the Navy responsible for the science and technology programs of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Established by Congress in 1946, its mission is to plan, foster, and encourage scientific research to maintain future naval power and preserve national security. It carries this out through funding and collaboration with schools, universities, government laboratories, nonprofit organizations, and for-profit organizations, and overseeing the Naval Research Laboratory, the corporate research laboratory for the Navy and Marine Corps. NRL conducts a broad program of scientific research, technology and advanced development.

ONR's headquarters is in the Ballston neighborhood of Arlington County, Virginia. ONR Global has offices overseas in Santiago, São Paulo, London, Prague, Singapore, and Tokyo.
Colgate Clock (Indiana)
The Colgate Clock, located at a former Colgate-Palmolive factory in Clarksville, Indiana, is one of the largest clocks in the world. It has a diameter of 40 feet (12 meters). It was first illuminated in Clarksville on November 17, 1924. It is located directly across the Ohio River from Louisville, Kentucky.

Colgate Clock (Jersey City)
40°42′43.3″N 74°02′02″W﻿ / ﻿40.712028°N 74.03389°W﻿ / 40.712028; -74.03389

The Colgate Clock is an octagonal clock facing the Hudson River near Exchange Place in Jersey City, New Jersey. The clock has a diameter of 50 feet (15 m). It was located atop of what was once the headquarters of the Colgate-Palmolive, until 1985, when it was moved to a ground-level location 1,300 feet (400 m) south of that building, which was demolished and replaced with the Goldman Sachs Tower.
Wrathful deities
In Buddhism, wrathful deities or fierce deities are the fierce, wrathful or forceful (Tibetan: trowo, Sanskrit: krodha) forms (or "aspects", "manifestations") of enlightened Buddhas, Bodhisattvas or Devas (divine beings); normally the same figure has other, peaceful, aspects as well. Because of their power to destroy the obstacles to enlightenment, they are also termed krodha-vighnantaka, "Wrathful onlookers on destroying obstacles". Wrathful deities are a notable feature of the iconography of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism, especially in Tibetan art. These types of deities first appeared in India during the late 6th century, with its main source being the Yaksha imagery, and became a central feature of Indian Tantric Buddhism by the late 10th or early 11th century.

Mahakala
Mahākāla (Sanskrit: महाकाल, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈkaːlɐ]) is a deity common to Hinduism and Buddhism.

In Buddhism, Mahākāla is regarded as a Dharmapāla ("Protector of the Dharma") and a wrathful manifestation of a Buddha, while in Hinduism, Mahākāla is a fierce manifestation of the Hindu god Shiva and the consort of the goddess Mahākālī; he most prominently appears in the Kalikula sect of Shaktism.

Mahākāla appears as a protector deity in the various traditions of Vajrayana Buddhism, like Chinese Esoteric Buddhism, Shingon, and Tibetan Buddhism. He is known as Dàhēitiān and Daaih'hāktīn (大黑天) in Mandarin and Cantonese, Daeheukcheon (대흑천) in Korean, Đại Hắc Thiên in Vietnamese, and Daikokuten (大黒天) in Japanese.
Kolbu Municipality
Kolbu is a former municipality in the old Oppland county, Norway. The 132-square-kilometre (51 sq mi) municipality existed from 1908 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Østre Toten Municipality in the traditional district of Toten. The administrative centre was the village of Kolbu.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 132.1-square-kilometre (51.0 sq mi) municipality was the 459th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Kolbu Municipality was the 313th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,928. The municipality's population density was 22.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (57/sq mi) and its population had increased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Kolbu
Kolbu is a village in Østre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the traditional region of Toten, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the southwest of the village of Lena, the administrative centre of the municipality. The village lies in the western part of the municipality in an agricultural area, not far from the border with Vestre Toten Municipality. Kolbu Church is a cruciform church from 1730 that is located just outside the village centre.

The 0.62-square-kilometre (150-acre) village has a population (2024) of 637 and a population density of 1,027 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,660/sq mi).
Independiente del Valle
Club de Alto Rendimiento Especializado Independiente del Valle, known simply as Independiente del Valle, is a professional football club based in Sangolquí, Ecuador that currently plays in the Ecuadorian Serie A.

Founded in 1958, the club plays its home games at Estadio Banco Guayaquil, which opened in March 2021 and has a capacity of 12,000. In the 2013 Serie A season Independiente finished runners-up and they won their first league title in 2021.

In CONMEBOL competitions they reached the final of the 2016 Copa Libertadores after famously defeating powerhouses River Plate and Boca Juniors. They won their first Copa Sudamericana title in 2019, and three years later the club would become one of the few two-time Sudamericana champions after defeating São Paulo in the 2022 final.

Independiente have a renowned youth academy. Notable players they have produced include Junior Sornoza, Cristian Ramírez, Gonzalo Plata, Moisés Caicedo, Piero Hincapié, Willian Pacho and Kendry Páez.

2016 Copa Libertadores
The 2016 Copa Libertadores de América (officially the 2016 Copa Bridgestone Libertadores for sponsorship reasons) was the 57th edition of the Copa Libertadores de América, South America's premier club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.

In the finals, Colombian club Atlético Nacional defeated Ecuadorian club Independiente del Valle by an aggregate score of 2–1 to win their second tournament title in team history and qualify for the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan, their first appearance in the FIFA Club World Cup. They also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2016 Copa Sudamericana in the 2017 Recopa Sudamericana. They also automatically qualified for the 2017 Copa Libertadores group stage.

River Plate were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Independiente del Valle in the round of 16.
Innogen
Innogen is a character in the Historia Regum Britanniae and subsequent medieval British pseudo-history. She was said to have been a Greek princess, the daughter of King Pandrasus, and to have become Britain's first Queen consort as the wife of Brutus of Troy, the purported first king of Britain who was said to have lived around the 12th century BC. Her sons Locrinus, Camber, and Albanactus went on to rule Loegria, Cambria, and Alba respectively.

Brutus of Troy
Brutus, also called Brute of Troy, is a mythical British king. He is described as a descendant of the Trojan hero Aeneas and as the eponymous founder and first king of Britain. This legend first appears in the Historia Brittonum, an anonymous 9th-century historical compilation to which commentary was added by Nennius, but is best known from the account given by the 12th-century chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae.
Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands
The Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands (Spanish: Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas, IEMELIF) is a Methodist Christian denomination. Founded on 28 February 1909 by Bishop Nicolás Zamora, it is recognised in the Philippines as the first indigenous Evangelical Protestant denomination.

Nicolás Zamora
Nicolás Villegas Zamora (10 September 1875 – 14 September 1914) was a Methodist minister who is credited with the foundation of the first indigenous evangelical church in the Philippines, known as the Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas. Zamora is also recognized as the first native Filipino Protestant minister in the Philippines.
Secretary of State (England)
In the Kingdom of England, the title of Secretary of State came into being near the end of the reign of Elizabeth I, the usual title before that having been King's Clerk, King's Secretary, or Principal Secretary.

From the time of Henry VIII, there were usually two secretaries of state. After the restoration of the monarchy of 1660, the two posts were specifically designated as the Secretary of State for the Northern Department and the Secretary of State for the Southern Department. Both dealt with home affairs and they divided foreign affairs between them.

Secretary of State for the Northern Department
The secretary of state for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of Great Britain up to 1782. Following this, the Northern Department became the Foreign Office, and the position evolved into the foreign secretary.
800 Naval Air Squadron
800 Naval Air Squadron (800 NAS) also referred to as 800 Squadron, is an inactive Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). It most recently operated the Harrier II GR.7/7A/9/9A V/STOL strike aircraft, as part of Joint Force Harrier (JFH), at RAF Cottesmore from March 2006 until January 2011.

Formed on 3 April 1933 by amalgamating No's 402 and 404 (Fleet Fighter) Flights. Operating as a carrier-based fighter squadron, it served throughout the Second World War. During the Korean War, it flew Supermarine Seafire. These were followed with the Supermarine Attacker in the mid-1950s, then the Hawker Sea Hawk during the Suez Crises, and later the Supermarine Scimitar and Blackburn Buccaneer during the 1960s. The squadron flew the Sea Harrier throughout the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, notably during the Falklands War.

801 Naval Air Squadron
801 Naval Air Squadron (801 NAS), also known as 801 Squadron, is an inactive Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). It most recently operated the Harrier II GR.7 V/STOL strike aircraft as part of Joint Force Harrier (JFH), at RAF Cottesmore, from October 2006 until March 2007.

Formed on 3 April 1933 by the redesignation of No. 401 (Fleet Fighter) Flight, FAA. Operating as a carrier-based fighter squadron, it served throughout the Second World War. It operated with de Havilland Sea Hornet post-war. During the Korean War, it flew Hawker Sea Fury. These were followed with the Hawker Sea Hawk during the late 1950s and later the Blackburn Buccaneer during the 1960s. The squadron flew the Sea Harrier throughout the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, notably during the Falklands War.
Unit testing
Unit testing, a.k.a. component or module testing, is a form of software testing by which isolated source code is tested to validate expected behavior.

Unit testing describes tests that are run at the unit-level to contrast testing at the integration or system level.

Integration testing
Integration testing is a form of software testing in which multiple software components, modules, or services are tested together to verify they work as expected when combined. The focus is on testing the interactions and data exchange between integrated parts, rather than testing components in isolation.

Integration testing describes how tests are run at the integration-level to contrast testing at the unit or system level.

Often, integration testing is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a component with functional requirements.

In a structured development process, integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan, and delivers as output test results as a step leading to system testing.
Leeteuk
Park Jeong-su (Korean: 박정수; born July 1, 1983), known professionally as Leeteuk (이특; [itʰɯk̚]), is a South Korean singer, songwriter, presenter,  radio personality, and actor. He debuted as the leader of the boy band Super Junior in November 2005 and since then has participated in its subgroups Super Junior-T, Super Junior-Happy, and Super Junior-L.S.S. He began his career as a television presenter on the music show M! Countdown. He is best known for his role in presenting Strong Heart, Star King, The Best Cooking Secrets, I Can See Your Voice, and Idol Star Athletics Championships.

He is also a regular figure in the South Korean year-end awards; he has presented Golden Disc Awards three times, Gaon Chart Music Awards six times, and Asia Artist Awards six times. He regularly hosts the Dream Concert and the Asia Song Festival annual concerts.

Super Junior-T
Super Junior-T (Korean: 슈퍼주니어-트; an initialism for Super Junior-Trot) is the second official sub-unit of South Korean boy band Super Junior, consists of Leeteuk, Heechul, Shindong, Sungmin and Eunhyuk. They are known as the first idol group for capitalizing trot music, the oldest form of Korean pop music.

Super Junior-T released their debut single "Rokuko" on 23 February 2007. Their debut single was listed as Korea's sixteenth best-selling record and the number one best-selling single of 2007, according to the Music Industry Association of Korea. In November 2008, the unit debut in Japan with released the Japanese version of "Rokuko".
Antoine Doinel
Antoine Doinel (French: [ɑ̃twan dwanɛl]) is a fictional character created by François Truffaut (1932–1984) and portrayed by actor Jean-Pierre Léaud (b. 1944) in five films directed by Truffaut. Doinel is to a great extent an alter ego for Truffaut; they share many of the same childhood experiences, look somewhat alike and are even mistaken for one another on the street. Although Truffaut did not initially plan for Doinel to be a recurring character, he eventually returned to the character in one short and three features after introducing him in his debut film The 400 Blows (1959). In all, Truffaut followed the fictional life of Antoine Doinel for over 20 years, depicting his romance with Christine (Claude Jade) in Stolen Kisses (1968), then Antoine and Christine's marriage in Bed and Board (1970) and their subsequent divorce in Love on the Run (1979).

Bed and Board (film)
Bed and Board (French: Domicile conjugal, lit. 'Marital Home') is a 1970 romantic comedy-drama film co-written and directed by François Truffaut, and starring Jean-Pierre Léaud and Claude Jade. It is the fourth in Truffaut's series of five films about Antoine Doinel, and directly follows Stolen Kisses (1968), depicting the married life of Antoine (Léaud) and Christine (Jade). Love on the Run concluded the story in 1979.
Eduard Gutknecht
Eduard Gutknecht (born 19 March 1982) is a German former professional boxer who competed from 2006 to 2016. He won the European light-heavyweight title in 2011, making three successful defences before losing it to Jürgen Brähmer in 2013. Gutknecht also challenged for the WBA light-heavyweight title, losing in a rematch against Brähmer in 2016.

In November 2016, he was rushed to a London hospital and had emergency surgery following a losing bout with George Groves. Gutknecht suffered a bleed in the skull and collapsed in the dressing room. His injuries left him unable to walk or talk and he suffered multiple strokes.

George Groves (boxer)
George Groves (born 26 March 1988) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 2008 to 2018. He held the WBA (Super) super-middleweight title from 2017 to 2018. At regional level, he held multiple super-middleweight titles, including the European, British, and Commonwealth titles between 2010 and 2014. As an amateur, Groves won the ABA middleweight title twice in 2007 and 2008.

In March 2018, he was ranked as the world's best active super-middleweight by BoxRec, The Ring magazine and the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board.
Deshbhushan
Acharya Deshbhushan (Hindi: आचार्य देशभूषण) was a Digambara Jain Acharya of 20th century who composed and translated many Kannada scriptures to Hindi and Sanskrit. He initiated and elevated several Jain monks and nuns like Shwetpichhi Acharya Vidyananda ji and Gyanmati Mataji. He is renowned for his remarkable translations of Kannada scriptures to Sanskrit and Hindi. He is the first Digambara Acharya to visit and address the Indian Parliament in the year 1974 along with the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Gyanmati
Gyanmati Mataji (Jñānamati) is an Indian Jain religious guru Aryika (pure soul)from India. She is known for being a prolific author and the construction of several Jain temples including the Jambudweep temple complex at Hastinapur, Uttar Pradesh, Ayodya Jain Tirth and the Statue of Ahimsa at Mangi Tungi in Maharashtra.
Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge
Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge, PC (28 January 1837 – 18 May 1912), styled Lord Richard Grosvenor between 1845 and 1886, was a British politician and businessman. Initially a Liberal, he served under William Ewart Gladstone as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household between 1872 and 1874 and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury between 1880 and 1885. However, he broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule in 1886 and joined the Liberal Unionists.

Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury is the official title of the most senior whip of the governing party in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Today, any official links between the Treasury and this office are nominal and the title of the office can be seen as a sinecure that allows the incumbent to draw a Government salary, attend Cabinet, and use a Downing Street residence, traditionally 12 Downing Street.

The position is currently held by Jonathan Reynolds since 5 September 2025.
Streetcars in Los Angeles
Streetcars in Los Angeles over history have included horse-drawn streetcars and cable cars, and later extensive electric streetcar networks of the Los Angeles Railway and Pacific Electric Railway and their predecessors. Also included are modern light rail lines.

Los Angeles Railway
The Los Angeles Railway (also known as Yellow Cars, LARy and later Los Angeles Transit Lines) was a system of streetcars that operated in Central Los Angeles and surrounding neighborhoods between 1895 and 1963. The system provided frequent local services which complemented the Pacific Electric "Red Car" system's largely commuter-based interurban routes. The company carried many more passengers than the Red Cars, which served a larger and sparser area of Los Angeles.

Cars operated on 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge tracks, and shared dual gauge trackage with the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Pacific Electric system on Main Street in downtown Los Angeles (directly in front of the 6th and Main terminal), on Hill St, on 7th St, on 4th Street, and along Hawthorne Boulevard south of Downtown Los Angeles toward the cities of Hawthorne, Gardena and Torrance.
Albertinian Line
The Albertinian line was a line of the Habsburg dynasty, begun by Duke Albert III of Austria, who, after death of his elder brother Rudolf IV, divided the Habsburg hereditary lands with his brother Leopold III by the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg. The branch finally became extinct in the male line with the early death of Ladislaus the Posthumous in 1457.

Albert III, Duke of Austria
Albert III of Austria (9 September 1349 – 29 August 1395), known as Albert with the Braid (Pigtail) (German: Albrecht mit dem Zopf), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365 until his death.
Dada
Dada (/ˈdɑːdɑː/) or Dadaism was an international art movement that developed in the context of the Great War and Futurism first established in Zürich, Switzerland, and later quickly spread to Berlin, Paris, New York City and a variety of artistic centers in Europe and Asia. The Dada movement's principles were first collected in Hugo Ball's Dada Manifesto in 1916. Ball is seen as the founder of the Dada movement. Other key figures in the movement included Emmy Hennings, Jean Arp, Johannes Baader, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Hannah Höch, Richard Huelsenbeck, Francis Picabia, Man Ray, Hans Richter, Kurt Schwitters, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Tristan Tzara, and Beatrice Wood, among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, nouveau réalisme, pop art, and Fluxus.

Raoul Hausmann
Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886 – February 1, 1971) was an Austrian artist and writer. One of the key figures in Berlin Dada, his experimental photographic collages, sound poetry, and institutional critiques would have a profound influence on the European Avant-Garde in the aftermath of World War I.
Roger Angell
Roger Angell (September 19, 1920 – May 20, 2022) was an American essayist known for his writing on sports, especially baseball. He was a regular contributor to The New Yorker and was its chief fiction editor for many years. He wrote numerous works of fiction, non-fiction, and criticism, and for many years wrote an annual Christmas poem for The New Yorker. Sportswriter Jane Leavy called him "the Babe Ruth of baseball writers."

E. B. White
Elwyn Brooks White (July 11, 1899 – October 1, 1985) was an American writer. He was the author of highly popular books for children: Stuart Little (1945), Charlotte's Web (1952), and The Trumpet of the Swan (1970).

In a 2012 survey of School Library Journal readers, Charlotte's Web was ranked first in their poll of the top one hundred children's novels. White also was a contributing editor and writer for The New Yorker magazine and co-author of The Elements of Style, an English language style guide. Kurt Vonnegut called White "one of the most admirable prose stylists our country has so far produced."