hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great British Energy
Great British Energy (GBE) is a publicly owned energy investment company in the United Kingdom. It was established by the Great British Energy Act 2025, which received royal assent on 15 May 2025, and is sponsored by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. GBE invests in and co-develops clean energy and energy storage projects, and supports community energy and related supply chains. It is headquartered in Aberdeen, Scotland.

According to government publications, GBE and Great British Energy – Nuclear are backed with up to £8.3 billion during the Parliament elected in 2024. Early activity has included a partnership with The Crown Estate on clean energy infrastructure.

Great British Energy – Nuclear
Great British Energy – Nuclear (GBE-N) is a nuclear energy and fuels company owned by the UK Government. It is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero.

From its creation as British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) in 1971 to 2010, it functioned as a manufacturer of nuclear fuel (notably MOX), ran reactors, generated and sold electricity, reprocessed and managed spent fuel (mainly at Sellafield), and decommissioned nuclear plants and other similar facilities.

It was resurrected in July 2023 under the trading name Great British Nuclear, to coordinate the UK nuclear industry to help achieve government net-zero targets. The company formally changed its name to Great British Energy – Nuclear on 20 March 2024.
Giuseppe Marchese
Giuseppe Marchese (born 12 December 1963) is a former member of the Sicilian Mafia, who turned state witness (pentito). Giuseppe Pino Marchese was born in Palermo in a family with long-standing ties to the Mafia. His father Vincenzo and his uncle Filippo Marchese were both members of Cosa Nostra.

Pentito
Pentito (Italian pronunciation: [penˈtiːto]; lit. "repentant"; plural: pentiti) is used colloquially to designate collaborators of justice in Italian criminal procedure terminology who were formerly part of criminal organizations and decided to collaborate with a public prosecutor. The judicial category of pentiti was originally created in 1970s to combat violence and terrorism during the period of left-wing and right-wing terrorism known as the Years of Lead. During the 1986–87 Maxi Trial and after the testimony of Tommaso Buscetta, the term was increasingly applied to former members of organized crime in Italy who had abandoned their organization and started helping investigators.
Arthur Bremer
Arthur Herman Bremer (/ˈbrɛmər/; born August 21, 1950) is an American convicted criminal, who attempted to assassinate U.S. Democratic presidential candidate George Wallace on May 15, 1972, in Laurel, Maryland, leaving Wallace permanently paralyzed from the waist down. Bremer was found guilty and sentenced to 63 years (53 years after an appeal) in a Maryland prison for the shooting of Wallace and three bystanders. After 35 years of incarceration, Bremer was released from prison on November 9, 2007.

Laurel, Maryland
Laurel is a city in  Prince George's County, Maryland United States. It is located between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore on the banks of the Patuxent River. Its population was 30,060 at the 2020 census. Founded as a mill town in the early 19th century, Laurel expanded local industry and was later able to become an early commuter town for Washington and Baltimore workers following the arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1835.  Largely residential today, the city maintains a historic district centered on its Main Street.
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet III
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet III is the 15th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge (at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge).

Being the third in The Gauntlet series, The Gauntlet III marked the show's 2nd trilogy (after The Inferno), continuing on from The Gauntlet and The Gauntlet 2. The season was filmed in Riviera Nayarita, Mexico, with cast members from The Real World, Road Rules and Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat competing. This season was in the format of two teams: Veterans vs. Rookies, with a format similar to The Gauntlet 2. The contestants on the Veterans team had been on at least two prior seasons of the Challenge, and the contestants on the Rookies team had been on fewer than two prior seasons.

Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet 2
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet 2 is the 11th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge (at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge).

The Gauntlet II marked T. J. Lavin's first time presenting the series, regularly hosting the program from this season forward. Prior seasons only used temporary hosts. The season is the second in the Gauntlet series, with the original Gauntlet airing in 2003–2004 and The Gauntlet III following in 2008.
Lovćen Brigade
The Lovćen Brigade (Serbian: Ловћенска бригада, romanized: Lovćenska brigada) was an armed force in World War II Montenegro led by Krsto Zrnov Popović and the Greens. The unit was formed in September, 1942 with the approval of the Italian governorate of Montenegro.

Greens (Montenegro)
The Greens (Serbo-Croatian: Зеленаши, Zelenaši) were a group of loyalists of King Nikola of Montenegro. They originated from the members of the True People's Party and were most notable for instigating the Christmas Uprising of 1919. The rebellion was staged in an attempt to prevent the dethroning of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty and the subsequent integration of Montenegro into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Greens were supporters of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, which was dethroned after World War I. Following their defeat in the Christmas Rebellion, the Greens continued on with their guerrilla warfare until 1929. The motto of the movement was "For the Right, Honour and Freedom of Montenegro".

During World War II, the Greens were activated once again under the leadership of Krsto Popović in an attempt to re-establish the Kingdom of Montenegro as an Axis client state.
Asta Ekenvall
Asta Ekenvall (6 April 1913 – 12 December 2001) was a Swedish librarian, one of the founders of the  Kvinnohistorisk arkiv (Women's History Archive) of the University of Gothenburg and a pioneer in research and philosophy of women's history.

KvinnSam
57°41′44″N 11°59′07″E﻿ / ﻿57.69555°N 11.98529°E﻿ / 57.69555; 11.98529
KvinnSam - National Resource Library for Gender Studies, formerly the Women's History Collections, is the Swedish National Resource Library for Gender Studies. The collections belong to University of Gothenburg Library.
EP10
The EP10 (Russian: ЭП10) is a type of dual voltage six axle electric locomotive built for Russian Railways (RŽD) by NEVZ in association with Adtranz/Bombardier for passenger use. The design was considered costly, and only 12 units were acquired.

Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant
Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant (NEVZ, Russian: Новочеркасский электровозостроительный завод), established in 1936, is based in the Russian town of Novocherkassk, Rostov Region. It is now (2015) part of Transmashholding.  NEVZ locomotives haul trains transporting 80% of all cargo on the electrified railways of Russia and CIS countries. On its production lines, the plant has produced around 15,000 locomotives of more than 40 types.

In June 1962, NEVZ workers went on strike and protested against the rise of food prices in the Soviet Union; the events became known as the Novocherkassk massacre, which took place when the striking workers were shot by Soviet troops. The N. S. Khrushchev government later covered up the story which became public only in the early 1990s.
David Hasemyer
David Hasemyer is an American journalist and author. With Lisa Song and Elizabeth McGowan, he won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting, and a 2016 Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award. He graduated, in 1979, from San Diego State University, with a Bachelor's in Journalism. Hasemyer was raised in Moab, Utah.

Hasemyer has worked as a reporter for over 4 decades, including 30-years as an investigative reporter with the San Diego Union-Tribune. He's worked as an environmental reporter with InsideClimate News and does freelance reporting.

Elizabeth McGowan
Elizabeth H. McGowan (born April 15, 1961) is an American journalist and author. With David Hasemyer and Lisa Song, McGowan won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for their report on the Kalamazoo River oil spill.

She has worked as a freelance reporter and her work has been published by numerous newspapers, digital-outlets, and magazines such as, Grist magazine; Yale Environment 360; E/The Environmental Magazine; Washingtonian magazine; Intelligent Utility magazine; Outdoor America (magazine of the Izaak Walton League); the journal Appalachia; Capital Community News; the Gulf of Maine Times; Mizzou, the alumni magazine for the University of Missouri; Lore, the magazine of the Milwaukee Public Museum; and Nature Conservancy magazine.

McGowan met her husband, Don Looney, in 1991, when she decided to hike the entire Appalachian Trail after one of many cancer treatments; they married in 1997. Both of them are active volunteers.
Customs and monetary union
A customs and monetary union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a customs union and a currency union. The participant countries have both common external trade policy and share a single currency.

Customs and monetary union is established through trade pact.

Currency union
A currency union (also known as monetary union) is an intergovernmental agreement that involves two or more states sharing the same currency. These states may not necessarily have any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market).

There are three types of currency unions:

Informal – unilateral adoption of a foreign currency.

Formal – adoption of foreign currency by virtue of bilateral or multilateral agreement with the monetary authority, sometimes supplemented by issue of local currency in currency peg regime.

Formal with common policy – establishment by multiple countries of a common monetary policy and monetary authority for their common currency.

The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency.
Bonifacio Bosita
Bonifacio Laqui Bosita (born November 30, 1966) is a Filipino politician, motorcycle rights activist, and retired police officer. He served as a representative for the 1-Rider Partylist alongside Rodge Gutierrez in the House of Representatives from 2022 to 2025.

In February 2025, Bosita did not sign the impeachment complaint against vice president Sara Duterte, contrasting with Gutierrez who voted in favor of impeachment.

1-Rider Partylist
Ang Buklod ng mga Motorista ng Pilipinas (lit. 'Union of Motorists of the Philippines'), also known as the 1-Rider Partylist, is a political organization with party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.
Leonhard Schultze languages
The Leonhard Schultze (Leonard Schultze) or Walio–Papi languages are a proposed family of about 6 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea. They are spoken along the border region of East Sepik Province and Sandaun Province, just to the south of the Iwam languages.

The languages are named after the Leonhard Schultze River, which is in turn named after German anthropologist Leonhard Schultze-Jena.

Sepik languages
The Sepik or Sepik River languages are a family of some 50 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea, proposed by Donald Laycock in 1965 in a somewhat more limited form than presented here. They tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.

The best-studied Sepik language is Iatmul. The most populous are Iatmul's fellow Ndu languages Abelam and Boiken, with about 35,000 speakers each.

The Sepik languages, like their Ramu neighbors, appear to have three-vowel systems, /ɨ ə a/, that distinguish only vowel height in a vertical vowel system. Phonetic [i e o u] are a result of palatal and labial assimilation to adjacent consonants. It is suspected that the Ndu languages may reduce this to a two-vowel system, with /ɨ/ epenthetic (Foley 1986).
Robert Clarke
Robert Irby Clarke (June 1, 1920 – June 11, 2005) was an American actor best known for his cult classic science fiction films of the 1950s. In succeeding decades he appeared in more conventional television, and in The King Family Show, a variety show based on the family of which his wife Alyce King Clarke was a member.

The King Family Show
The King Family Show is an American musical variety series that featured The King Sisters and their extended musical family. The series first aired on ABC from January 23, 1965, to January 8, 1966. The series was revived in 1969, airing from March to September of that year.
Daisy Jugadai Napaltjarri
Daisy Jugadai Napaltjarri (c. 1955 – 2008) was a Pintupi-Luritja-speaking Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region, and sister of artist Molly Jugadai Napaltjarri. Daisy Jugadai lived and painted at Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory. There she played a significant role in the establishment of Ikuntji Women's Centre, where many artists of the region have worked.

Influenced by the Hermannsburg School, Jugadai's paintings reflect her Tjuukurrpa, the complex spiritual knowledge and relationships between her and her landscape. The paintings also reflect fine observation of the structures of the vegetation and environment. Jugadai's works were selected for exhibition at the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Awards five times between 1993 and 2001, and she was a section winner in 2000. Her paintings are held in major collections including the National Gallery of Victoria, National Gallery of Australia and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory.

Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory
Haasts Bluff, also known as Ikuntji, is an Aboriginal Australian community in Central Australia, a region of the Northern Territory. The community is located in the MacDonnell Shire local government area, 227 kilometres (141 mi) west of Alice Springs. At the 2006 census, the community, including outstations, had a population of 207.
Beauregard Parish, Louisiana
Beauregard Parish (French: Paroisse de Beauregard) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,549. The parish seat and most populous municipality is DeRidder. The parish was formed on January 1, 1913.

Beauregard Parish comprises the DeRidder, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The governing body is by the police jury system.

DeRidder, Louisiana
DeRidder is a city in, and the parish seat of, Beauregard Parish, Louisiana, United States. A small portion of the city extends into Vernon Parish. As of the 2020 census, DeRidder had a population of 9,852. It is the smaller principal city of the DeRidder-Fort Polk South CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Fort Polk South (Vernon Parish) and DeRidder (Beauregard Parish) micropolitan areas, which had a combined population of 87,988 at the 2010 census.
Umbrella antenna
An umbrella antenna is a capacitively top-loaded wire monopole antenna, consisting in most cases of a mast fed at the ground end, to which a number of radial wires are connected at the top, sloping downwards. One side of the feedline supplying power from the transmitter is connected to the mast, and the other side to a ground (earthing) system of radial wires buried in the earth under the antenna. They are used as transmitting antennas below 1 MHz, in the MF, LF and particularly the VLF bands, at frequencies sufficiently low that it is impractical or infeasible to build a full size quarter-wave monopole antenna. The outer end of each radial wire, sloping down from the top of the antenna, is connected by an insulator to a supporting rope or cable anchored to the ground; the radial wires can also support the mast as guy wires. The radial wires make the antenna look like the wire frame of a giant umbrella (without the cloth) hence the name.

Low frequency
Low frequency (LF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 30–300 kHz. Since its wavelengths range from 10–1 km, respectively, it is also known as the kilometre band or kilometre waves.

LF radio waves exhibit low signal attenuation, making them suitable for long-distance communications. In Europe and areas of Northern Africa and Asia, part of the LF spectrum is used for AM broadcasting as the "longwave" band. In the western hemisphere, its main use is for aircraft beacons, navigation (LORAN, mostly defunct), information, and weather systems. A number of time signal broadcasts also use this band. The main mode of transmission used in this band is ground waves, in which LF radio waves travel just above the Earth's surface, following the terrain. LF ground waves can travel over hills, and can travel far beyond the horizon, up to several hundred kilometers from the transmitter.
Foote's Crossing Road
Foote's Crossing Road (CA 613) originates in North Columbia, California and winds through the Tahoe National Forest to connect with the community of Alleghany, California. It is a Registered Historic Place.

The high bridge crossing at the Middle Yuba River, named Foote's Crossing (California Point of Historical Interest No. P401), gives the road its name. Alternate names for the road persist, including Tyler Foote Road, Tyler-Foote Road, Tyler Foote Crossing Road or Tyler-Foote Crossing Road due to Cherokee, California, west of North Columbia, once being known as "Tyler".

North Columbia, California
North Columbia was a California Gold Rush town on the San Juan Ridge in Nevada County, California. Originally known as Columbia, Columbia Hill, or The Hill because of its proximity to Columbia Hill, it started as a gold miners' camp around 1851. When a Post Office was established on May 29, 1860, the word "North" was added in order to differentiate the settlement from Columbia, California, another gold rush town in Tuolumne County, California.

In 1878, when miners discovered that the Pliocene gravel bed upon which the town was built contained rich gold deposits, North Columbia was moved to its present location. But with the eventual curtailment of hydraulic mining, miners moved away. The post office closed in 1931.

Eventually, North Columbia became an unincorporated part of Nevada City, California.
Real Oviedo
Real Oviedo (Spanish: [reˈal oˈβjeðo]; Asturian: Real Uviéu [reˈal uˈβjew]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Oviedo, Asturias. Founded on 26 March 1926, the club plays in LaLiga, the highest level of the Spanish football league system. The club plays at the Estadio Carlos Tartiere, opened on 30 September 2000, and is the largest sports stadium in Asturias. In the all-time league table for the Spanish top division (La Liga), Real Oviedo ranks 18th, as it has played 38 seasons.

The club's local rivals are Real Sporting Gijón on the sea coast to its north, with whom the club contests the Asturian derby.

Asturian derby
The Asturian derby (Asturian: Derbi asturianu, Spanish: Derbi asturiano or Derbi astur), is the name given to any association football match contested between Sporting de Gijón and Real Oviedo (sometimes referred to as Carbayones), the two biggest clubs in Asturias. The rivalry is well-known as one of the strongest, and most heated in Spanish football.
A Dog's Breakfast
A Dog's Breakfast is a 2006 Canadian comedy independent film. It was the first film to be written and directed by British-born Canadian actor David Hewlett, who is best known for his role of Dr. Rodney McKay in the TV franchise Stargate. Hewlett created the film as a private off-season project and stars alongside his real-life sister Kate Hewlett and Stargate actors Paul McGillion, Christopher Judge and Rachel Luttrell. The film was produced by John Lenic and Jane Loughman.

Due to its strong affiliation with the Stargate franchise, the film generated considerable buzz within the Stargate fandom. It had several screenings in selected major towns in the US and the UK in late 2006 and 2007. MGM picked up worldwide television and home video rights to the film in early December 2006. The film was released on DVD on September 18, 2007, in the United States and Canada by MGM's then-home-video distributor 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.

David Hewlett
David Ian Hewlett (born 18 April 1968) is a British and Canadian actor, writer and director, known for his role as Dr. Rodney McKay in the Stargate science-fiction franchise. He first gained fame for his roles as Grant Jansky in the Canadian TV series Traders (1996–2000) and as David Worth in the Canadian psychological horror film Cube (1997). He appeared in the horror film Pin (1988) and the science-fiction films Scanners II: The New Order (1991) and Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011).

Born in Redhill, Surrey, to Canadian parents, Hewlett holds British, Canadian and American citizenship.
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 29.3% of Hampden County and 13.8% of Hampshire County population in 2010. Democrat John Velis has represented the district since May 2020.

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Hampden district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Hampden district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Hampden and Hampshire Counties. Republican Nick Boldyga of Southwick has represented the district since 2011.
Bikrant Narsingh Rana
Bikrant Narsingh Rana is a Nepalese futsal player who represents the Nepal national futsal team at international level. He was selected in Nepal's squad for the inaugural SAFF Futsal Championship in 2026, marking a significant milestone in his international career.

Nepal national futsal team
The Nepal national futsal team represents Nepal  in international futsal competitions and is controlled by the All Nepal Football Association. The current head coach for the national men's team is Anil Bahadur Gurung.
Eli Holzman
Eli Holzman  is an American creator–developer, writer, producer and television executive. He is known for creating or serving as executive producer on a number of reality-based television series and documentaries, such as Project Runway, Project Greenlight, The Seven Five, Undercover Boss, Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath, Free Meek, Living Undocumented, American Idol and So You Think You Can Dance.

Holzman is the founder and CEO of The Intellectual Property Corporation, as well as the president of Sony Pictures Television Nonfiction. He is the former head of Miramax Television, Katalyst Films, Studio Lambert, and All3Media America. He has won four Primetime Emmy Awards for the television series' Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath and Undercover Boss, and won the PGA Award for Outstanding Producer of Non-Fiction Television for Scientology and the Aftermath in 2016.

Sony Pictures Television Nonfiction
Sony Pictures Television – Nonfiction (formerly known as CKX, Inc., CORE Media Group, Inc. and Industrial Media, LLC) is an American entertainment company founded on February 7, 2005, by Robert F.X. Sillerman. It is a division of Sony Pictures Television that owns and develops unscripted entertainment content and intellectual property.