hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
China Cables
The China Cables are a collection of secret Chinese government documents from 2017 which were leaked by exiled Uyghurs to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, and published on 24 November 2019. The documents include a telegram which details the first known operations manual for running the Xinjiang internment camps, and bulletins which illustrate how China's centralized data collection system and mass surveillance tool, known as the Integrated Joint Operations Platform, uses artificial intelligence to identify people for interrogation and potential detention.

The Chinese government has called the cables "pure fabrication" and "fake news", further stating that the West were "slandering and smearing" them. The documents release sparked renewed attention to the Uyghur internment camps and persecution of Uyghurs in China.

Xinjiang papers
The Xinjiang papers are a collection of over 400 pages of what are claimed to be internal Chinese government documents describing the government policy regarding Uyghur Muslims in the Xinjiang region. In November 2019, journalists Austin Ramzy and Chris Buckley at The New York Times broke the story that characterized the documents as "one of the most significant leaks of government papers from inside China's ruling Communist Party in decades." According to The New York Times, the documents were leaked by a source inside the Chinese Communist Party and include a breakdown of how China created and organized the Xinjiang internment camps.

In response to the Xinjiang papers' publication, the Chinese government claimed the documents were "sheer, pure fabrication". The leak has led to increased scrutiny and criticism of China's internment camps in Xinjiang.
Parnell Commission
The Parnell Commission, officially the Commissioners under the Special Commission Act 1888, was a judicial commission of inquiry from 1888 to 1890 into allegations made in articles in The Times in 1887, and a resulting libel trial in 1888, that members of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) had condoned or were complicit in criminal acts associated with the Land War or the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The most serious allegation was a putative letter by IPP leader Charles Stewart Parnell condoning the 1882 Phoenix Park Murders; in his 1889 testimony to the commission, Richard Pigott admitted to having forged the letter. The commission was largely seen as vindication for Parnell, although its report substantiated some of the lesser allegations against IPP members.

Phoenix Park Murders
The Phoenix Park Murders were the fatal stabbings of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke in Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland, on 6 May 1882. Cavendish was the newly appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland and Burke was the Permanent Under-Secretary, the most senior Irish civil servant. The assassination was carried out by members of a republican organisation known as the Irish National Invincibles, a more radical breakaway from the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
Danish colonization of the Americas
Denmark and the former real union of Denmark–Norway had a colonial empire from the 17th through to the 20th centuries, large portions of which were found in the Americas. Denmark and Norway in one form or another also maintained land claims in Greenland since the 13th century, the former up through the twenty-first century.

Danish West Indies
The Danish West Indies (Danish: Dansk Vestindien), also known as the Danish Virgin Islands (Danish: Danske Jomfruøer) or the Danish Antilles, were a Danish colony in the Caribbean, consisting of the islands of Saint Thomas with 83 square kilometres (32 sq mi), Saint John (Danish: St. Jan) with 49 square kilometres (19 sq mi), Saint Croix with 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi), and Water Island.

Water Island was sold in 1905 to the Danish East Asiatic Company. The islands of St Thomas, St John, and St Croix were purchased by the United States in 1917 and became known as the United States Virgin Islands. Water Island was bought by the US Government in 1944, and became part of the US Virgin Islands in 1996.
Takeshi Minamino
Takeshi Yamamoto (山本タケシ, Yamamoto Takeshi), (born December 24, 1985) better known by the ring name Takeshi Minamino (南野タケシ, Minamino Takeshi), is a Japanese professional wrestler. He wrestles in Michinoku Pro Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling.

Kenichi Sakai
Kenichi Sakai (坂井 謙一, Sakai Kenichi), (born May 25, 1982) is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently signed to Michinoku Pro Wrestling where he competes under the ring name Ken45° and is one half of the reigning Tohoku Tag Team Champions and UWA World Tag Team Champions with Kengo.
Moses Regular
Moses Regular Jr. (born October 30, 1971) is an American former professional football linebacker who played one season with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Missouri Valley College. He was also a member of the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europe.

Missouri Valley College
Missouri Valley College is a private college in Marshall, Missouri, United States. The college was founded in 1889 and supports 40 academic majors and an enrollment close to 1,500 students. Missouri Valley College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
Country Captain
Country captain is a curried chicken dish, often served with rice, popular in the Southern United States. It was introduced to the United States through Charleston, Savannah, New York City, and Philadelphia, but has origins in Anglo-Indian cuisine from the time of the British Raj in India. The dish was included in the U.S. military's Meal, Ready-to-Eat packs from 2000 to 2004, in honor of its being a favorite of George S. Patton.

It has appeared on television shows in both the United States and in the United Kingdom, with chefs Bobby Flay, Atul Kochhar and Cyrus Todiwala all cooking the dish. Todiwala served his version to Queen Elizabeth II as part of her Diamond Jubilee celebrations.

Anglo-Indian cuisine
Anglo-Indian cuisine is the cuisine that developed during British rule in India, between 1612 and 1947, and has survived into the 21st century. Spiced dishes such as curry, condiments including chutney, and a selection of plainer dishes such as kedgeree, mulligatawny and pish pash were introduced to British palates. Anglo-Indian food arrived in Britain by 1747, with a recipe for "a Currey the Indian Way" in Hannah Glasse's The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy.

Anglo-Indian cuisine was documented in detail by the English army officer Arthur Robert Kenney-Herbert, writing as "Wyvern" in 1878. Many of its usages are described in the 1886 Anglo-Indian dictionary, Hobson-Jobson. Definitions vary somewhat; this article follows The Oxford Companion to Food in distinguishing colonial era Anglo-Indian cuisine from post-war British cuisine influenced by the style of dishes served in Indian restaurants.
Sulfite process
The sulfite process produces wood pulp that is almost pure cellulose fibers by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions.  These chemicals cleave the bonds between the cellulose and lignin components of the lignocellulose.  A variety of sulfite/bisulfite salts are used, including  sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and ammonium (NH4+).  The lignin is converted to lignosulfonates, which are soluble and can be separated from the cellulose fibers.  For the production of cellulose, the sulfite process competes with the Kraft process which produces stronger fibers and is less environmentally costly.

Lignosulfonates
Lignosulfonates (LS) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. LS's are used for emulsion stabilization and Dispersants,a binder to suppresses dust on unpaved roads, and in water treatment.

Lignosulfonates have very broad ranges of molecular mass (they are very polydisperse). A range of from 1,000 to 140,000 Da has been reported for softwood lignosulfonates with lower values reported for hardwoods. Sulfonated Kraft lignin tends to have smaller molecules at 2,000–3,000 Da. SL and LS are non-toxic, non-corrosive, and biodegradable. A range of further modifications may be applied to LS and SL, including oxidation, hydroxymethylation, sulfomethylation, and a combination thereof.
Lower Chehalis people
The Lower Chehalis (/ʃəˈheɪlɪs/ ⓘ shə-HAY-liss) are a Southwestern Coast Salish people indigenous to Washington state. Today, the Lower Chehalis do not maintain a distinct sovereign identity, although people of Lower Chehalis descent are enrolled in several federally recognized tribes, such as the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe, Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation, and the Quinault Indian Nation.

Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe
The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Pacific County, Washington, United States. The tribe is descended from the Lower Chehalis and the Willapa (Shoalwater) Chinook peoples. In 2016, the tribe had 373 enrolled citizens.

The Shoalwater Bay Tribe governs the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation. Its tribal headquarters is in Tokeland, Washington.
Jonny Edgar
Jonny Edgar (born 13 February 2004) is a British racing driver racing in the FIA World Endurance Championship with TF Sport and the IMSA SportsCar Championship with AO Racing. He won the 2024 European Le Mans Series alongside Louis Delétraz and Robert Kubica and is the 2020 ADAC F4 champion.

2024 European Le Mans Series
The 2024 European Le Mans Series was the twenty-first season of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's (ACO) European Le Mans Series. The six-event season began at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya on 14 April and concluded at Algarve International Circuit on 19 October.

The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes, divided into the LMP2 and LMP3 classes, and grand tourer-style racing cars in the new LMGT3 class. The season was the first for the LMGT3 class, replacing LMGTE.
Western Ferries
Western Ferries (Clyde) Ltd (also known as Western Ferries) is a private ferry company with its headquarters in Hunters Quay, Scotland. It currently operates on the Firth of Clyde running a year-round, high-frequency vehicle carrying service between Hunters Quay, near Dunoon, and McInroy's Point, on the outskirts of Gourock in Inverclyde.

Hunters Quay
Hunters Quay (Scottish Gaelic: Camas Rainich) is a village in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Situated between Kirn to the south and Ardnadam to the north, Hunters Quay is the main base of Western Ferries, operating between Hunters Quay and McInroy's Point.
Martin Creek (Sausal Creek tributary)
Martin Creek, known locally as Dennis Martin Creek, is a 1.4-mile-long (2.3 km) north by northeastward-flowing stream originating just east of Skyline Boulevard in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near the community of Skylonda in San Mateo County, California. It flows through the town of Woodside before crossing Portola Road and joining Sausal Creek on Stanford University lands just across the border from Woodside. Sausal Creek enters Searsville Reservoir, which flows to San Francisco Bay via San Francisquito Creek.

Searsville Dam
Searsville Dam is a masonry dam in San Mateo County, California, that was completed in 1892, one year after the founding of Stanford University, and impounds Corte Madera Creek (in the San Francisquito Creek watershed) to form a reservoir known as Searsville Reservoir or Searsville Lake. Searsville Dam is located in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and is owned and operated by Stanford University. Neighboring cities include Woodside and Portola Valley, California.
Sea Life Sunshine Coast
Sea Life Sunshine Coast at Mooloolaba, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia is a marine mammal park, oceanarium and wildlife sanctuary. Sea Life Sunshine Coast is an institutional member of the Zoo and Aquarium Association (ZAA). The attraction is a Sea Life Centre owned by Merlin Entertainments, and is globally referred to as Sea Life Sunshine Coast by the firm. It was formerly known as UnderWater World.

Merlin Entertainments
Merlin Entertainments Limited is a global entertainment company based in London, England, which operates a number of theme park resorts and other visitor attractions. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until November 2019. It was then privately acquired by the consortium Motion JVCO Ltd, which includes Kirkbi (the investment arm of the Kristiansen family that also controls the Lego Group and BrainPop).
Hajry Redouane
Hajry Redouane (Arabic: رضوان حجري) (born 5 March 1964) is a Moroccan retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder, and a manager.

His 15-year professional playing career was mainly associated with Portugal, where he played mostly for Farense, captaining the team for most of his 11 seasons and being named best foreign player four times.

S.C. Farense
Sporting Clube Farense, simply known as Farense, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Faro in the district of the same name and the region of Algarve. Founded in 1910, the club currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2.
DuckDuckGo
DuckDuckGo is an American software company focused on online privacy whose flagship product is a search engine named DuckDuckGo. Founded by Gabriel Weinberg in 2008, its later products include browser extensions and a custom DuckDuckGo web browser. Headquartered in Paoli, Pennsylvania, DuckDuckGo is a privately held company with about 200 employees. The company's name is a reference to the children's game duck, duck, goose.

DuckDuckGo Private Browser
DuckDuckGo Private Browser is a web browser created by DuckDuckGo Inc. It is a privacy-oriented browser available for Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows.

The core browser functionality is the WebView component provided by the operating system. This means the browser engine is Blink on Android and Windows, and WebKit on iOS and macOS.
Ahmed Badrakhan
Ahmed Badrakhan (18 September 1909 – 26 August 1969) was an Egyptian film director and screenwriter of Iraqi Kurdish origin. He directed 41 films between 1936 and 1968. He is famous for his 1952 romantic drama A Night of Love starring Mahmoud El Meliguy and Mariam Fakhr Eddine. He directed Intisar al-chabab (1941) which for the first time starred the virtuoso oud player and singer Farid al-Atrash along with singer Asmahan. He was married to Asmahan, and would be a central figure in Studio Misr, Egypts most popular cinema studio at the time.

Intisar al-Shabab
Intisar al-Shabab (Arabic: نتصار الشباب, lit. 'The Victory of Youth, or The Triumph of Youth') is an Egyptian film released in 1941. It was the first film featuring sibling actor-singers Asmahan and her brother Farid al-Atrash, the latter of whom composed all the songs in the film. Al-Atrash presented the operetta-within-a-film ليلة في الأندلس (“A Night in Andalusia”), the first of several lyrical theatre pieces in Egyptian cinema, including text from poet Ahmed Rami quoted from The Barber of Seville. The operetta includes two acts with four scenes and features music in the maqam of Ajam.

When the film was shown in southern Syria in 1941, the Druze tribal men shot rifles the screen in reaction to seeing actress Asmahan, who came from a noble Druze family, shown in the film in make-up and dressed in Western-style clothing.
Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.

V6 engine
A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration.

The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye. Engines built after World War II include the Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia, and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special.  The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines.
Täby Church
Täby Church (Swedish: Täby kyrka) is a medieval church in Täby Municipality, in the province of Uppland north of Stockholm. The church is best known for its painted walls and ceilings by Albertus Pictor.

Albertus Pictor
Albertus Pictor (English, "Albert the Painter"; Immenhusen, c. 1440 – c. 1507), also called Albert Pictor, Albert Målare and Albrekt Pärlstickare (Swedish), is the most famous late medieval Swedish painter, known for his wallpaintings surviving in numerous churches in southern and central Sweden. Celebrations for the quincentenary of his death were arranged for 2009.
The Tiger That Isn't
The Tiger That Isn't: Seeing Through a World of Numbers is a statistics book written by Michael Blastland and Andrew Dilnot, the creator and presenter of BBC Radio 4's More or Less.  Like the radio show, it addresses the misuse of statistics in politics and the media.

The book has received favourable reviews for the simple presentation of complicated ideas.

Andrew Dilnot
Sir Andrew William Dilnot, CBE (born 19 June 1960) is a British economist and broadcaster. He was director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies from 1991 to 2002, Principal of St Hugh's College, Oxford from 2002 to 2012, and Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford from 2012 to 2024. He served as Chair of the UK Statistics Authority from April 2012 until March 2017.
Mughalsarai
Mughalsarai (/ˌmuːɡhælˈsɑːreɪɪ/; English: Mughal Tavern), officially known as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar, is a city and a municipal board in the Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. Located around 16 kilometres (10 miles) from Chandauli town, the district headquarters, it is an important railway junction.

Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station
Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction, formerly known as Mughalsarai Junction, (station code: DDU, old code MGS) is a railway station in the town of Mughalsarai in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The station contains the largest railway marshaling yard in Asia. This yard caters to around 450–500 trains in a month. All trains, including premium category Vande Bharat, Rajdhani and Duronto trains, halt at this station, which makes it unique in the entire Indian Railways network. "Major installations in Mughalsarai include electric locomotive shed holding 147 locomotives, diesel locomotive shed holding 53 locomotives, wagon ROH shed, and a 169-bed divisional hospital."
Back to 1942
Back to 1942 is a 2012 Chinese historical drama film directed by Feng Xiaogang. It is based on Liu Zhenyun's novel Remembering 1942, and is about a major famine in Henan, China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. On 11 November 2012, the film premiered at the International Rome Film Festival. The film was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

Chinese famine of 1942–1943
The Henan famine of 1942–1943 (Chinese: 河南大饑荒) occurred within the context of the Second Sino-Japanese War and resulted from a combination of natural and human factors. Anthony Garnaut put the death toll to be "well under one million", probably around 700,000, while Lloyd Eastman two to three million starved to death. 15 years later Henan was struck by the deadlier Great Chinese famine.
SteelSeries
SteelSeries (styled as steelseries), formerly Icemat, is a Danish manufacturer of gaming peripherals and accessories, including headsets, keyboards, mice, controllers, and mousepads. SteelSeries was acquired by GN Store Nord in 2021.

GN Store Nord
GN Store Nord A/S is a Danish manufacturer of hearing aids (GN ReSound/GN Hearing), speakerphones, videobars and headsets (Jabra (GN Audio) and SteelSeries). GN Store Nord A/S is listed on NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen (ISIN code DK0010272632).
Shanxi Airlines
Shan Xi Airlines was an airline based in Taiyuan in the People's Republic of China. It operated scheduled domestic passenger services. On 29 November 2007, it merged with China Xinhua Airlines and Chang An Airlines to form Grand China Air, a subsidiary of Hainan Airlines.

Hainan Airlines
Hainan Airlines is an airline headquartered in Haikou, Hainan, China. It is the largest civilian-run air transport company, making it the fourth-largest airline in terms of fleet size in the People's Republic of China, and the tenth-largest airline in Asia in terms of passengers carried. It operates scheduled domestic and international services on 500 routes from Hainan and various locations on the mainland, as well as charter services. Its main base is located at Haikou Meilan International Airport, with hubs at Beijing-Capital, Chongqing, Shenzhen and Xi'an, along with several focus cities.
Queen Elizabeth Range (Antarctica)
The Queen Elizabeth Range (83°20′S 161°30′E﻿ / ﻿83.333°S 161.500°E﻿ / -83.333; 161.500﻿ (Queen Elizabeth Range)) is a rugged mountain range that parallels the eastern side of Marsh Glacier for nearly 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) from Nimrod Glacier in the north to Law Glacier in the south. 
Mount Markham, 4,350 metres (14,270 ft) high, is the highest elevation in the range.

Nimrod Glacier
The Nimrod Glacier (82°21′S 163°00′E﻿ / ﻿82.350°S 163.000°E﻿ / -82.350; 163.000﻿ (Nimrod Glacier)) is a major glacier about 85 nautical miles (157 km; 98 mi) long, flowing from the polar plateau in a northerly direction through the Transantarctic Mountains into the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica.
3202 Graff
3202 Graff, provisional designation A908 AA, is a carbonaceous Hilda asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 36 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 January 1908, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The asteroid was named after astronomer Gareth V. Williams.

Gareth V. Williams
Gareth Vaughan Williams (born 1965 in Windlesham, England) is an English-American astronomer, who served as the associate director of the International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center (MPC) until his retirement in February 2020.
Battle of Kandarpi Ghat
The Battle of Kandarpi Ghat occurred between the Nawab of Bengal and Raj Darbhanga in October 1753. Raj Darbhanga headed by Maithil Brahmin king Maharaja Narendra Singh clashed against forces of Bengal Subah led by Bhikhari Mahtha, an official of Alivardi Khan and emerged victorious.

Raj Darbhanga
The Darbhanga Raj, also known as Raj Darbhanga and the Khandwala dynasty, was a  chieftaincy located within the Mughal province of Bihar which controlled territories, not all contiguous, that were part of the Mithila region now divided between India and Nepal. The rulers of Raj Darbhanga were Maithil Brahmins and their seat in the town of Darbhanga became the core of the Mithila region as the rulers were patrons of Maithil culture and the Maithili language.

At its peak, the dynasty encompassed over 4000 square miles (10,360 km2) and is described as the "largest and richest of the North Bihar zamindaris and one of the greatest zamindaris of British India". Despite not being recognised as a princely state by the British Raj, Darbhanga was larger and held more magisterial powers than many princely states, particularly those in Western India.