hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kungur
Kungur (Russian: Кунгу́р) is a town in the southeast of Perm Krai, Russia, located in the Ural Mountains at the confluence of the rivers Iren and Shakva with the Sylva (Kama's basin). Population: 66,074 (2010 Census); 68,943 (2002 Census); 81,402 (1989 Soviet census); 62,173 (2023 Estimate).

Sylva (river)
The Sylva (Russian: Сылва) is a river in Sverdlovsk Oblast and Perm Krai in Russia. It is 493 kilometres (306 mi) in length. The area of the basin is 19,700 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi). The Sylva flows into the Chusovoy Cove of the Kama Reservoir. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. Principal tributaries: Iren, Babka, Irgina, Vogulka (left); Barda, Shakva (right). Main port: Kungur.

Every year hundreds of tourists come to Kungur, through routes down the Sylva, Iren and Shakva rivers. The Sylva River flows leisurely over a flat plateau, across Preduraliye Nature Preserve, and past abrupt cliffs, fossilized remnants of coral reefs left by the long-disappeared Great Permian Sea, which at some places rise up to 100 metres (330 ft) above the level of the river, covered with pine and fir groves.
College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education
The College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE) is an US academic/industry council of the Material Handling Industry. It is an affiliate organization of the Material Handling Institute (MHI), a trade association that promotes increased awareness of material handling and logistics within the USA through a variety of educational and research activities. CICMHE was founded in 1952 and has served to connect practitioners with academics that teach and do research in material handling.

Material handling
Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines of a building or between a building and a transportation vehicle. It uses a wide range of manual, semi-automated, and automated equipment and includes consideration of the protection, storage, and control of materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption, and disposal. Material handling can be used to create time and place utility through the handling, storage, and control of waste, as distinct from manufacturing, which creates form utility by changing the shape, form, and makeup of material.
End (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the ends of a topological space are, roughly speaking, the connected components of the "ideal boundary" of the space.  That is, each end represents a topologically distinct way to move to infinity within the space.  Adding a point at each end yields a compactification of the original space, known as the end compactification.

The notion of an end of a topological space was introduced by Hans Freudenthal (1931).

Hans Freudenthal
Hans Freudenthal (17 September 1905 – 13 October 1990) was a Jewish German-born Dutch mathematician.  He made substantial contributions to algebraic topology and also took an interest in literature, philosophy, history and mathematics education.
Barnes Wallis
Sir Barnes Neville Wallis CBE FRS RDI FRAeS (26 September 1887 – 30 October 1979) was an English engineer and inventor. He is best known for inventing the bouncing bomb used by the Royal Air Force in Operation Chastise (the "Dambusters" raid) to attack the dams of the Ruhr Valley during World War II.

The raid was the subject of the 1955 film The Dam Busters, in which Wallis was played by Michael Redgrave. Among his other inventions were his version of the geodetic airframe and the earthquake bomb, including designs such as the Tallboy and Grand Slam bombs.

Operation Chastise
Operation Chastise, commonly known as the Dambusters Raid, was an attack on German dams carried out on the night of 16/17 May 1943 by 617 Squadron RAF Bomber Command, later called the Dam Busters, using special bouncing bombs developed by Barnes Wallis. The Möhne and Edersee dams were breached, causing catastrophic flooding of the Ruhr valley and of villages in the Eder valley; the Sorpe Dam sustained only minor damage. Two hydroelectric power stations were destroyed and several more damaged. Factories and mines were also damaged and destroyed. An estimated 1,600 civilians – about 600 Germans and 1,000 enslaved labourers, mainly Soviet – were killed by the flooding. Despite rapid repairs by the Germans, production did not return to normal until September. The RAF lost 56 aircrew, with 53 dead and three captured, amid losses of eight aircraft.
Eastern Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Eastern Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Gerry Kennedy Crash Repairs Eastern Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Eastern IHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the eastern divisional section of the Waterford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association since 1964 and contested by intermediate team in the county of Waterford in Ireland.

In its current format, the Eastern Intermediate Hurling Championship begins with a group stage. The six participating teams play each other in a round-robin system. The two top-ranking teams proceed to the final match at Walsh Park. The winner of the Eastern IHC subsequently represent the division in the Waterford IHC.

Portlaw are the title holders after defeating St Molleran's by 3–21 to 0–13 in the 2024 final.

Western Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Western Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Comergah Oil Western Intermediate Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Western IHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the western divisional section of the Waterford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association since 1964 and contested by intermediate team in the county of Waterford in Ireland.

In its current format, the Western Intermediate Championship begins with a group stage. The seven participating teams are divided into two groups and play each other in a round-robin system. The two top-ranking teams in each group proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match at Fraher Field. The winner of the Western IHC subsequently represent the division in the Waterford IHC.

An Rinn are the title holders after defeating Ballyduff Upper by 2-17 to 1–19 in the 2025 final.
Computational irreducibility
Computational irreducibility suggests certain computational processes cannot be simplified and the only way to determine the outcome of a process is to go through each step of its computation. It is one of the main ideas proposed by Stephen Wolfram in his 2002 book A New Kind of Science, although the concept goes back to studies from the 1980s.

A New Kind of Science
A New Kind of Science is a book by Stephen Wolfram, published by his company Wolfram Research under the imprint Wolfram Media in 2002. It contains an empirical and systematic study of computational systems such as cellular automata. Wolfram calls these systems simple programs and argues that the scientific philosophy and methods appropriate for the study of simple programs are relevant to other fields of science.
Dead End (1937 film)
Dead End is a 1937 American crime drama film directed by William Wyler. It is an adaptation of the Sidney Kingsley 1935 Broadway play of the same name.  It stars Sylvia Sidney,  Joel McCrea, Humphrey Bogart, Wendy Barrie, and Claire Trevor. It was the first film appearance of the acting group known as the Dead End Kids.

Dead End Kids
The Dead End Kids were a group of young actors from New York City who appeared in Sidney Kingsley's Broadway play Dead End in 1935. In 1937, producer Samuel Goldwyn brought all of them to Hollywood and turned the play into a film. They proved to be so popular that they continued to make movies under various monikers, including the Little Tough Guys, the East Side Kids, and the Bowery Boys, until 1958.
Daira Din Panah
Daira Din Panah (Urdu:  دائرہ دین پناہ)  locally or commonly called as D. D. Panah (Urdu:  ڈی ڈی پناہ) or DDP (Urdu:  ڈی ڈی پی) is a union council and town near Kot Addu in the Kot Addu District of Punjab, Pakistan. It has a population of over 16 thousand and is located east of the Indus River. It has a railway station.

Kot Addu, Pakistan
Kot Addu (Urdu: کوٹ ادو) is the capital city of newly created Kot Addu District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city is subdivided into five Union Councils and has a population of over 104,000, making it the 70th most populous city in Pakistan. It is located just east of the Indus River, about 68Km from Multan and 20Km from Taunsa Barrage.

Kot Addu City attracts a large number of tourists every year, due to the Indus river and public gardens, among other things. The city is served by Kot Addu Junction railway station. The Zip code of Kot Addu is 34050.
Singh v Canada
Singh v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1985] 1 S.C.R. 177 is a 1985 case of the Supreme Court of Canada. It determined that refugee claimants had a constitutional right to an oral hearing, by the principles of fundamental justice. The judgment was an early decision under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and was also decided under the Canadian Bill of Rights. It had a significant impact on immigration law, human rights law, constitutional law, and administrative law in Canada. The Singh decision resulted in amnesty being granted to tens of thousands of refugee claimants and sweeping reforms which gave Canada one of the most liberal and most expensive refugee systems in the world.  The anniversary of the ruling, 4 April, has been observed in Canada as Refugee Rights Day.

Canadian immigration and refugee law
Canadian immigration and refugee law concerns the area of law related to the admission of foreign nationals into Canada, their rights and responsibilities once admitted, and the conditions of their removal. The primary law on these matters is in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, whose goals include economic growth, family reunification, and compliance with humanitarian treaties.

As a result of the 1991 Canada-Quebec Accord, Quebec gained full selection process for economic migrants within the province's borders. As of 2023, between 50 and 60 percent of permanent residents born abroad are chosen by Quebec authorities, with the national government selecting the rest.
Lancashire Militia
The Lancashire Militia was an auxiliary military force in Lancashire in North West England. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1558 and their service in the Williamite War in Ireland and against the Jacobite Risings, the Militia regiments of Lancashire served during times of international tension and all of Britain's major wars. They provided internal security and home defence but sometimes operated further afield, including Ireland and the Mediterranean, relieving regular troops from routine garrison duties, and acting as a source of trained officers and men for the Regular Army. All the infantry battalions went on active service during the Second Boer War and all served as Special Reserve training units in World War I, with one battalion seeing considerable action on the Western Front. After 1921 the militia had only a shadowy existence until its final abolition in 1953.

2nd Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Rifles)
The 2nd Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Rifles) was an auxiliary regiment raised in the county of Lancashire in North West England during the French Revolutionary War. It later became part of the King's (Liverpool Regiment). Although primarily intended for home defence, its battalions served in Ireland and saw active service during the Second Boer War. After conversion to the Special Reserve (SR) under the Haldane Reforms one of its battalions was among just a handful of SR units to see combat during World War I, fighting in many actions on the Western Front from early 1915 until the Armistice in 1918. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.
Gaston Browne
Gaston Alphonso Browne (born 9 February 1967) is an Antiguan politician serving as the prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda and leader of the Labour Party since 2014. Before entering politics, he was a banker and businessman.

Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party
The Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party (ABLP) is a political party in Antigua and Barbuda. The current leader of the party is Gaston Browne, who serves as the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. The party had previously been led by Lester Bird, who was chairman of the party since 1971, and was Prime Minister and political leader in 1994.
Valvetrain
A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valves control the flow of spent exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber once combustion is completed.

Poppet valve
A poppet valve (also sometimes called mushroom valve) is a valve typically used to control the timing and quantity of petrol (gas) or vapour flow into or out of an engine, but with many other applications.

It consists of a hole or open-ended chamber, usually round or oval in cross-section, and a plug, usually a disk shape on the end of a shaft known as a valve stem. The working end of this plug, the valve face, is typically ground at a 45° bevel to seal against a corresponding valve seat ground into the rim of the chamber being sealed. The shaft travels through a valve guide to maintain its alignment.

A pressure differential on either side of the valve can assist or impair its performance. In exhaust applications higher pressure against the valve helps to seal it, and in intake applications lower pressure helps open it.
Babulu
Babulu is the southernmost district of Penajam North Paser Regency, in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 39,921 people, and currently has the total area of 522.75 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Babulu Darat. It was split from Waru on 11 June 1996.

The district borders Waru to the north and Long Kali (Paser) to the southwest.

Waru, Penajam North Paser
Waru is a district of Penajam North Paser Regency, in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 20,965 people, and currently has a total area of 553.38 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Waru.

The district borders Penajam to the north, Babulu to the southwest, and Long Kali (Paser) to the west. It is also named after the tree Hibiscus tiliaceus (waru), for being abundant along what is now the Penajam–Babulu provincial road.
Eight Li brothers
The Eight Li Brothers, also referred to as the Eight Stallions of the Li Family (Chinese: 黎氏八骏), are eight brothers from the Li family of Xiangtan, Hunan, China who lived during the 20th century. They included the linguist Li Jinxi, the musician Li Jinhui, and the novelist Chin Yang Lee (Li Jinyang), who wrote The Flower Drum Song which was adapted into a Broadway musical and an Oscar-nominated Hollywood film Flower Drum Song.

Li Jinhui
Li Jinhui (Chinese: 黎錦暉; pinyin: Lí Jǐnhuī; 5 September 1891 – 15 February 1967 although some sources suggest he died 1968) was a Chinese composer and songwriter born in Xiangtan, Hunan, Qing China. He created a new musical form with shidaiqu after the fall of the Qing Dynasty—moving away from established musical forms. The Nationalist government attempted to ban Li's music. Critics branded his music as "Yellow Music", a form of pornography, because of its sexual associations and he was branded a "corruptor" of public morals. This kind of music was banned in China after the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949, and Li was eventually hounded to his death, a victim of political persecution in 1967 during the height of the Cultural Revolution.
We Are Fuck You
We Are Fuck You is the debut studio album by The Finger, a punk band created by Ryan Adams and Jesse Malin under the Pseudonyms "Warren Peace" and "Irving Plaza" respectively. The album was released on One Little Indian Records in 2003 and is a collection of two earlier EPs recorded in 2002: We Are Fuck You and Punk's Dead Let's Fuck.

Jesse Malin
Jesse Malin (born January 26, 1967) is an American rock musician, guitarist, and songwriter. He began his performing career in the New York hardcore band Heart Attack, and rose to prominence as vocalist of D Generation. Since 2015, he has been a solo recording artist, having recorded numerous albums including the Lucinda Williams-produced Sunset Kids. Over the course of his career, Malin has collaborated with Bruce Springsteen, Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day, Ryan Adams and numerous other musicians.
Landau (automobile)
The Landau began as a carriage design with a folding fabric top consisting of two sections supported by external elliptical springs. This landau roof design was adopted in early automobiles as a convertible top.  The term, however, came to mean a simulated convertible. A landau bar is an ornamental feature located on a car's c-pillar derived from the roof form, primarily used on hearses.

The Nash Rambler Landau introduced in 1950 is a cabrio coach with a power-operated fabric top.

Nash Rambler
The Nash Rambler is a compact car manufactured and marketed by the Nash Motors division of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation for model years 1950-1954. It has a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout with sedan, station wagon, and fixed-profile convertible body styles.

In a marketing breakthrough, Nash successfully established the compact market segment by using the Rambler's size and an upscale complement of features and equipment as its unique selling proposition: small and economical, but also luxurious.

When Nash-Kelvinator merged with the Hudson Motor Car Company in 1954, the Rambler became a product of the resulting American Motors Corporation (AMC), which in a rare feat, subsequently reintroduced the Rambler for model years 1958-1960. The Rambler was manufactured in Kenosha, Wisconsin over its two separate production runs.
Agapostemon
The genus Agapostemon (literally "stamen loving") is a common group of Western Hemisphere sweat bees.

They are members of the family of bees known as Halictidae. Unlike other sweat bees, they are not attracted to human sweat. They are generally green or blue, especially the head and thorax. Sometimes the abdomen in females is green or blue, although it may be striped, and most males have the yellow-striped abdomen on a black or metallic background. They superficially resemble various members of another tribe, the Augochlorini, which are also typically metallic green.

Agapostemon texanus
Agapostemon texanus is a species of bee found in North America. Commonly known as the metallic green sweat bee or the Texas striped sweat bee, it varies greatly in its appearance, with variations in color and in the amount of black markings on the legs.

The flight season of A. texanus ranges from March to October with their peak activity happening in May to September. They transport pollen on their hind legs.
Slemish College
Slemish College is a co-educational integrated secondary school in Ballymena, Northern Ireland.

There are six houses at Slemish College. Ultan, Comgall, Gall, Beryn and Faber.

The college is named after Slemish Mountain near Ballymena in mid-Antrim, which tradition suggests was home to Saint Patrick during his youth.

Ballymena
Ballymena (/ˌbæliˈmiːnə/ BAL-ee-MEE-nə; from Irish: an Baile Meánach [ənˠ ˌbˠalʲə ˈmʲaːn̪ˠəx]ⓘ, meaning 'the middle townland') is a town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 31,205 people at the 2021 United Kingdom census, making it the seventh largest town in Northern Ireland by population. It is part of the Borough of Mid and East Antrim.

The town was built on the Braid River, on land given to the Adair family by King Charles I in 1626, with a right to hold two annual fairs and a Saturday market in perpetuity. Surrounding villages are Cullybackey, Ahoghill, Broughshane, and Kells-Connor.
Bruno Messerli
Bruno Messerli (17 September 1931, in Belp – 4 February 2019) was a Swiss geographer and university professor who focused on high mountains and highland-lowland linkages.  He was appointed Full Professor of Geomorphology in 1968 by the University of Bern, where he taught and carried out research until his retirement in 1996.  He contributed significantly to the inclusion of a mountain agenda, Chapter 13 — Managing Fragile Ecosystems — Sustainable Mountain Development  in Agenda 21, the official action plan of the
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit,  held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June in 1992.

Jack D. Ives
Jack D. Ives (October 15, 1931 – September 15, 2024) was a British-born Canadian montologist, an honorary adjunct research professor of geography and environmental studies at Carleton University in  Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, an author, and a prominent advocate of mountain issues at the global level. He was formerly director of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research at the University of Colorado, Boulder, founding editor of two peer-reviewed journals, chair of the Commission on High Altitude Geoecology under the auspices of the International Geographical Union, and a  senior advisor on mountain ecology and sustainable development for United Nations University.
Servant of the People
Servant of the People (Ukrainian: Слуга народу, romanized: Sluha narodu, Ukrainian pronunciation: [slʊˈɦɑ nɐˈrɔdʊ]; SN) is a liberal, centrist, pro-European political party in Ukraine. Since both the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election and the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, it has been the ruling political party in Ukraine. It is best known for being the political party of President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

The party is named after the popular Ukrainian TV series Servant of the People, in which Zelenskyy played a fictional Ukrainian president. It was formed in late 2017 and was officially registered on 31 March 2018 on the basis of the previously registered Party of Decisive Changes. In the 2019 parliamentary election the party won 124 seats on the nationwide party list and 130 constituency seats.

2019 Ukrainian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2019. As none of the 39 candidates on the ballot received an absolute majority of the initial vote, a runoff was held on 21 April between the top two vote-getters: Volodymyr Zelenskyy, a television personality, and Petro Poroshenko, the incumbent president. The Central Election Commission (CEC) announced that Zelenskyy won the second round with 73.22% of the total vote (or 74.96% of the valid vote). The elections were recognized as free and fair by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Poroshenko became the third incumbent Ukrainian president to directly lose reelection, after Viktor Yushchenko in 2010 and Leonid Kravchuk in 1994 (only Leonid Kuchma has ever won reelection, in 1999). Zelenskyy was sworn in as the sixth President of Ukraine in May 2019.
Pinus canariensis
Pinus canariensis, the Canary Island pine, is a species of gymnosperm in the conifer family Pinaceae. It is a large, evergreen tree, native and endemic to the outer Canary Islands of the Atlantic Ocean.

Pinus roxburghii
Pinus roxburghii, commonly known as chir pine or longleaf Indian pine, is a species of pine tree native to the Himalayas. It was named after William Roxburgh. It used to have a larger distribution reaching as far Gujarat.