hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beach groups
During the Second World War, the Allies realised the need for the landing zone of an amphibious assault to be organised for the efficient passage of follow on forces. The British formed such units from all three services – the Royal Navy (Commandos), British Army and the Royal Air Force, with the Army component comprising Infantry, Engineers, Ordnance, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Medical and Service Corps.

The equivalent U.S. units were called "beach battalions."

Royal Naval Commandos
The Royal Naval Commandos, also known as RN Beachhead Commandos, were a commando formation of the Royal Navy which served during the Second World War. The first units were raised in 1942 and by the end of the war, 22 company-sized units had been raised to carry out various tasks associated with establishing, maintaining and controlling beachheads during amphibious operations. The Beach Commando's principal duty was "the quick and safe turnaround of all boats on the beaches"

Royal Naval Commando parties took part in all Allied amphibious landings from early 1942 to the end of the war, when they were disbanded. Operations included the landings at Diego Suarez on Madagascar, Operation Torch (North Africa), Operation Neptune (Normandy landings), the Screwdriver operations in Burma, Operation Market-Garden, Invasion of Elba (codename Operation Brassard) and the assault on Walcheren.
Élisabeth of France
Élisabeth of France (Élisabeth Philippine Marie Hélène; 3 May 1764 – 10 May 1794), also known as Madame Élisabeth, was a French princess. She was the youngest child of Louis, Dauphin of France, and Duchess Maria Josepha of Saxony, and she was a sister of King Louis XVI. Élisabeth's father, the Dauphin, was the son and heir of King Louis XV and his popular wife, Queen Marie Leszczyńska. Élisabeth remained beside her brother and his family during the French Revolution, and she was executed during the Reign of Terror at the Place de la Révolution. The cause for her beatification and canonization has been introduced by the Catholic Church, and she has been declared a Servant of God by Pope Pius XII.

Marie Thérèse of France
Marie-Thérèse (Marie-Thérèse Charlotte; 19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette of France, and their only child to reach adulthood. In 1799, she married her cousin Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of Charles X of France, henceforth becoming the Duchess of Angoulême. She was the only member of her immediate family to survive the French Revolution.

She became Dauphine of France upon the accession of her uncle and father-in-law, Charles X, to the French throne in 1824. On 2 August 1830, after the July Revolution, both Charles X and her husband signed an instrument of abdication 20 minutes apart. Some popular sources identify her to be a short-reigning Queen of France in the 20-minute interval between the signatures, but scholarly sources generally consider this to be a myth. She is, however, the undisputed legitimate Queen of France from 1836 to 1844 according to the Legitimists.
Diageo
Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company headquartered in London, England. It operates from 132 sites in nearly 180 countries. With brands such as Guinness, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff, it is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits, with distilleries producing 40% of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands. Diageo is a publicly traded company listed on both the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, and the New York Stock Exchange as American depositary receipts.

Glen Ord distillery
57°31′20″N 4°28′32″W﻿ / ﻿57.52222°N 4.47556°W﻿ / 57.52222; -4.47556

Glen Ord distillery is a whisky distillery in the Scottish Highlands.

Glen Ord distillery produce a 12 year old, 15 year old and an 18 year old single malt The Singleton of Glen Ord that's available for export only to Southeast Asia. The distillery won awards for the best single malt at the International Wine and Spirit Competition in 1994 and 1996, and at the Monde Selection in 1996 and 1997. However, IWSC and Monde Selection awards are non-competitive and only products that pay to enter are judged.
Paul Wentworth (counsellor)
Paul Wentworth  (1728 or 1736–1794) was a lawyer and plantation owner in Surinam, a stockbroker in London, a British intelligence agent to Lord North during the American War of Independence, and a politician who sat in the House of Commons briefly. He was friendly with Arthur Lee, Silas Deane, Philip Skene and Benedict Arnold.: 1753

Arthur Lee (diplomat)
Arthur Lee (20 December 1740 – 12 December 1792) was an American physician, diplomat and abolitionist who was born in the British colony of Virginia. He helped negotiate and signed the 1778 Treaty of Alliance with France, along with Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane, which allied France and the United States in fighting the war.

Lee was educated in medicine and law at the University of Edinburgh and in London, respectively. After passing the bar, he practiced law in London for several years. He stayed in London during the Revolutionary War, representing the colonies to Britain and France and also serving as an American spy to track their activities. After his return to Virginia, he served as a delegate to the Continental Congress.
November 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 10 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 12

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 24 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 11th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 29.

November 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 11 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 13

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 25 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 30.
Upperthorpe, Sheffield
Upperthorpe is a part of the City of Sheffield, England. It lies 1.2 miles (2 km) west of the city centre. The area falls within the Walkley ward of the City. It is an area of residential housing and is bounded by Walkley to the north, Crookes to the west and Netherthorpe to the south.

Crookes
Crookes is a suburb of the City of Sheffield, England, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of the city centre. It borders Broomhill to the south, Walkley and Upperthorpe to the east and open countryside around the River Rivelin to the north. The population of the ward of the same name was 17,700 at the 2011 Census.
The Monkey King 2
The Monkey King 2 (Chinese: 西遊記之孫悟空三打白骨精) is a 2016 action fantasy film based on the classic 16th-century novel Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en. A Hong Kong-Chinese co-production, the film was shot in 3D and is a sequel to the 2014 box office hit The Monkey King with Soi Cheang returning as director and Sammo Hung as action director, who replaces Donnie Yen's role from the previous installment. The film stars Aaron Kwok, who portrayed the main antagonist in the previous installment, as the film's titular protagonist, who also replaces Yen from the previous installment. Other cast for the film included Feng Shaofeng, Xiao Shenyang, Him Law, Fei Xiang, Kelly Chen, and Gong Li.

The film was released in the United States on 5 February 2016, in Hong Kong on 6 February and in China on 8 February 2016 during the Chinese New Year period. Received mixed to positive reviews from critics, a sequel, The Monkey King 3, was released in China during the Chinese New Year period in 2018.

Xiaoshenyang
Shen He (Chinese: 沈鹤; born 7 May 1981), better known by his stage name Xiaoshenyang (Chinese: 小沈阳), is a Chinese actor. He was a student of Zhao Benshan and was an errenzhuan performer before joining the film and television industry.

Xiaoshenyang became famous immediately in China after the 2009 CCTV New Year's Gala, where he stole the thunder from Zhao playing an effeminate restaurant waiter in a skit. He also showed off his considerable vocal prowess. He continued to attend the CCTV New Year's Gala during the following three years, and now attends New Year's Gala in Beijing TV and Liaoning TV.

He changed his name to "Xiaoshenyang" to show his sincerity for his wife—the name was based on his wife's name, "Shen Chunyang". "Yang" means sun, therefore, his fans are the "Yangguang" ("Sunshine").

Xiaoshenyang has acted in Zhao Benshan's television series Rural Love 2 and Rural Love Stories and in Zhang Yimou's A Simple Noodle Story.
Hernando de Bustamante
Hernando de Bustamante was a Spanish sailor and barber surgeon who is best known as one of the few survivors of the first circumnavigation of the globe. He sailed on the Magellan-Elcano expedition from 1519 to 1522.

Barber surgeon
The barber surgeon was one of the most common European medical practitioners of the Middle Ages, generally charged with caring for soldiers during and after battle. In this era, surgery was seldom conducted by physicians. Instead, barbers, who possessed razors and dexterity, were responsible for tasks ranging from cutting hair to pulling teeth to amputating limbs.

In this period, surgical mortality was very high due to blood loss, shock and infection. Yet, since doctors thought that bloodletting to balance "humours" would improve health, barbers also used bloodletting razors and applied leeches. Meanwhile, physicians considered themselves to be above surgery. Physicians mostly observed during surgery and offered consulting, but otherwise often chose academia or working in universities.
Gökböri
Gökböri (13 April 1154 – 28 June 1233) or Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri, was a leading emir and general of Sultan Saladin (Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb), and ruler of Erbil. He served both the Zengid and Ayyubid rulers of Syria and Egypt. He played a pivotal role in Saladin's conquest of Northern Syria and the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and later held major commands in a number of battles against the Crusader states and the forces of the Third Crusade. He was known as Manafaradin, a corruption of his principal praise name, to the Franks of the Crusader states.

Gökböri was the first Muslim ruler to publicly celebrate the birth of Islamic prophet Muhammad in an impressive ceremony in Erbil during which poetry on the occasion of the Mawlid (the Prophet's Birthday) was recited.

Zengid dynasty
The Zengid dynasty was a Turkoman Sunni Muslim dynasty of Seljuk mamluk origin. Initially an Atabegate of the Seljuk Empire created in 1127, it ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia, and eventually seized control of Fatimid Egypt in 1169. Imad ad-Din Zengi was the first ruler of the dynasty. In 1174, the Zengid state extended from Tripoli to Hamadan and from Yemen to Sivas, as it also included the Egyptian territories held by Saladin as governor in the name of Nur al-Din Zengi.

The Zengid Atabegate became famous in the Islamic world for its successes against the Crusaders, and for being the Atabegate from which Saladin originated. Following the demise of the Seljuk dynasty in 1194, the Zengids persisted for several decades as one of the "Seljuk successor-states" until 1250.
Carlos Raúl Villanueva
Carlos Raúl Villanueva Astoul (May 30, 1900 – August 16, 1975) was a Venezuelan modernist architect. Raised in Europe, Villanueva went for the first time to Venezuela when he was 28 years old. He was involved in the development and modernization of Caracas, Maracay and other cities across the country. Among his works are El Silencio Redevelopment which included 7797 apartments and 207 shop premises and the Ciudad Universitaria, the main campus of the Central University of Venezuela. The Campus was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year 2000.

Central University of Venezuela
The Central University of Venezuela (Spanish: Universidad Central de Venezuela; UCV) is a public university located in Caracas, Venezuela. Founded in 1721, it is the oldest university in Venezuela and one of the oldest in the Western Hemisphere.

The main university campus, Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, was designed by architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva and it is considered a masterpiece of urban planning and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.
Dragon's Fire
Dragon's Fire is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey. Published in 2006, it is the twentieth book in the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967.

Dragon's Fire may be considered the second of a trilogy by the McCaffreys, between Dragon's Kin and Dragon Harper. Primarily the three books feature Kindan as a boy and young man, about 500 years after landing on Pern (500 AL). He is not the Protagonist of Dragon's Fire, however, which is told from the viewpoints of three others in his Generation, Cristov, Pellar, and Halla.

Dragonriders of Pern
Dragonriders of Pern is a science fantasy series written primarily by American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey, who initiated it in 1967. Beginning in 2003, her middle child Todd McCaffrey has written Pern novels, both solo and jointly with Anne. The series (as of 2024) comprises 24 novels and two collections of short stories. The two novellas included in the first novel, Dragonflight, made McCaffrey the first woman to win a Hugo Award for writing fiction as well as the first to win a Nebula Award.
Loricifera
Loricifera (from Latin, lorica, corselet (armour) + ferre, to bear) is a phylum of very small to microscopic marine cycloneuralian sediment-dwelling animals with 43 described species and approximately 100 more that have been collected and not yet described. Their sizes range from 100 μm to ca. 1 mm.

They are characterised by a protective outer case called a lorica and their habitat is in the spaces between marine gravel to which they attach themselves. The phylum was discovered in 1983 by R.M. Kristensen, near Roscoff, France. They are among the most recently discovered groups of animals. They attach themselves quite firmly to the substrate, and hence remained undiscovered for so long. The first specimen was collected in the 1970s, and described in 1983. They are found at all depths, in different sediment types, and in all latitudes.

Reinhardt Kristensen
Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen (born 1948) is a Danish invertebrate biologist, noted for the discovery of three new phyla of microscopic animals: the Loricifera in 1983, the Cycliophora in 1995, and the Micrognathozoa in 2000. He is also considered one of the world's leading experts on tardigrades. His recent field of work revolves mostly around arctic biology.

He is also known for documenting Dendrogramma, an invertebrate genus that was later classified as Siphonophorae of the family Rhodaliidae.
Forrest's Cavalry Corps
Forrest's Cavalry Corps was part of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and commanded by Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Formed during the summer of 1862, it took part in the various battles in the Western Theater during the second half of the war. At first serving as part of the Army of Tennessee, both Forrest and the corps were then transferred to northern Mississippi and often launched independent raids into Union occupied western and central Tennessee.

Army of Tennessee
The Army of Tennessee was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Named for the Confederate state of Tennessee, It was formed late in 1862 in Tennessee and fought until the end of the civil war, participating in most of the significant battles in the Western Theater.
Sisai, Hisar
Sisai is a village situated 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Hansi tehsil in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana. The village was established by "Shisram Kaliraman "on whose name the village is named "Sisai". It is a prominent village of Kaliraman  Jats and serves as headquarters of Akhil Bharatiya Kaliraman  Khap. Kaliraman  and Sihag are the gotras of Jats in this village.There are two panas in this village, Sisai Kaliraman  and Sisai Bola. Master Chandgi Ram Pehlwan (Hind Kesari) also belonged to this village. It is the largest village not having a police station. Altius and eklvya public schools are proceeding towards making this village "wrestling Hub".

Lohari Ragho
Lohari Ragho is a village and Indus Valley Civilization archaeological site, located in Hisar district of the Haryana state in India.  It has 3 separate mounds, each 1 to 1.5 km apart within the peripheral suburban zone of Rakhigarhi city cite, where artifacts belonging to Mature Harappan and Sothi-Siswal cultural period (sub-culture of Late Harappan phase) have been confirmed based on filed visits. These mounds, unprotected and under risk of encroachment and threat of obliteration, are yet to be excavated, fenced, protected or conserved.

It is 8 km southwest of its erstwhile urban center of Rakhigarhi, 60 km from its IVC cultural ancestor Siswal, 55 km northeast of district headquarter Hisar, 133 km northwest of national capital New Delhi, and 175 km southwest of state capital Chandigarh.
Nie Xiaoqian
Nie Xiaoqian (Chinese: 聶小倩; pinyin: Niè Xiǎoqiàn) is a fantasy story in Pu Songling's short story collection Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, and the name of its female lead character.   Pu describes her appearance as "gorgeous; girl in paintings" (traditional Chinese: 艷絕；畫中人; simplified Chinese: 艳绝；画中人). The story has been adapted into numerous films and television dramas. The name is commonly rendered as Nip Siu Sin in Hong Kong adaptations in accordance with its Cantonese pronunciation.

Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
Liaozhai zhiyi, sometimes shortened to Liaozhai, known in English as Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio,  Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio, or literally Strange Tales from a Studio of Leisure, is a collection of Classical Chinese stories by Qing dynasty writer Pu Songling, comprising close to 500 stories or "marvel tales" in the zhiguai and chuanqi styles, which according to some critics, served to implicitly criticise societal problems. Written over a period of forty years from the late 1600s and ending in the early 1700s, it circulated in manuscripts that were copied and recopied among the author's friends but did not appear in print until 1766. Since then, many of the critically lauded stories have been adapted for other media such as film and television.
Guffert
The Guffert is a 2,195 metres (7,201 ft) high, isolated, prominent limestone alpenstock in the Brandenberg Alps (Rofan) that, together with the Guffertstein, forms a twin peak. It lies north of Steinberg am Rofan. Because it projects above the Mangfall Mountains to the north by about 300 metres, the striking double peak is easily recognised from the Alpine Foreland, the Tegernsee and the Bavarian Prealps.

The Guffert from the southwest (from the Vorderunnütz)

The western summit seen from the main summit

The "unfriendly" west side of the Guffert

Guffert - north side

The Guffert seen from Munich

Northwest side of the Guffert

Etruscan inscription in the rock cleft

East side of the Guffert

Brandenberg Alps
The Brandenberg Alps (German: Brandenberger Alpen) are a sub-group of the Northern Limestone Alps, that run in front of the Eastern Alps for their whole length. They lie entirely in Austria between Achensee in Tyrol, the Inn Valley and the Bavarian Prealps.

They are widely known in German as the Rofangebirge, although the actual Rofan (also Sonnwendgebirge) is only the western part of the area between the Brandenberger Ache stream and the Achensee lake. It consists of a central mountain group and three individual mountains. The Guffert (2,195 m (7,201 ft)), which is located outside the central group, forms a distinct mountain block. It is located north of Kramsach, between the Tegernsee Blauberge and the central Rofan. The Unnütze, at the northern end of the Achensee east of Achenkirch, and the Ebener Joch (1,957 m (6,421 ft)) east of Maurach at the southern end of the Achensee, are also outside the central mountain range.
Darfur genocide (2023–present)
The Darfur genocide, also known as the second Darfur genocide, is an ongoing series of persecutions and mass killings of non-Arabs in Darfur carried out by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and its allies during the Sudanese civil war. The genocidal campaign started on 15 April 2023 in conjunction with civil war between the RSF and Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The RSF and allied militias began committing organized massacres of non-Arab civilians in all states of Darfur, with the largest occurring throughout 2023 against the Masalit people in the area of Geneina, West Darfur. The genocide has been recognized by Genocide Watch, the government of the United States, and American academic Eric Reeves.

Darfur genocide (2003–2005)
The Darfur genocide was the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people during the War in Darfur. The genocide, which was carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups, led the International Criminal Court (ICC) to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. An estimated 200,000 people were killed between 2003 and 2005. Other sources estimate that between 2003 and 2008, the conflict resulted in about 300,000 civilian deaths and about 2.7 million displaced civilians.
Gode
Gode (Amharic: ጎዴ)(Somali: Godey, { is a city in the Somali Region of  Ethiopia. Located in the Shabelle Zone, the city was the capital of the Somali Region until 1995 when Jijiga became the capital

Gode Airport, also known as the Ugas Mirad Airport (IATA code GDE), has regular flights operated by Ethiopian Airlines. A bridge over the Shebelle River was built near Gode in 1964.

Jijiga
Jijiga (Somali: Jigjiga, Amharic: ጅጅጋ, Jijiga) is the capital city of Somali Region, Ethiopia. It became the capital of the Somali Region in 1995 after it was moved from Gode. Located in the Fafan Zone with 75 km (37 mi) west of the border with Somaliland, the city has an elevation of 1,634 metres above sea level. Jigjiga is traditionally the seat of the Bartire Garad Wiil-Waal of the Jidwaaq Absame. The International airport is named after him.
Zakariya (name)
Zakariya (also transliterated as Zakaria, Zakariyya, Zachariah, Zekariya, Zakaryyaa etc, Arabic: زَكَرِيَّاء or زَكَرِيَّا) is a masculine given name, the Arabic form of Zechariah which is of Hebrew origin, meaning "God/Yahweh has remembered".

Zechariah (given name)
Zechariah (Hebrew: זְכַרְיָה), with many variant forms and spellings such as Zachariah and Zacharias, is a theophoric masculine given name of Hebrew origin, meaning "God/YHWH remembers". It comes from the Hebrew root זכר (Latinised: zakhar), meaning to remember, and yah, one of the names of the God of Israel. Though Zechariah is the original transliteration of the name and used in the English translation of the Book of Zechariah, Zachariah, spelled with the letter A instead of the letter E, is more popular, with a common diminutive being Zach (also Zac, Zack, Zackie, and Zak). Due to its religious significance, variants of the name exist in numerous languages, and it is also used as a monastic or papal name.

The Arabic form of the name, Zakariya, with spelling variants (Zakariyya, Zakaria, Zekaria), is dealt with on a separate dedicated page, Zakariya.