hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Becherbach bei Kirn
Becherbach bei Kirn is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land, whose seat is in the town of Kirn. Becherbach bei Kirn should not be confused with Becherbach. Becherbach bei Kirn has borne the tag “bei Kirn” since 1 July 1969, at which time both municipalities found themselves in the same district as a result of administrative reform.

Hundsbach
Hundsbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Meisenheim, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Diadochos of Photiki
Diadochos of Photiki (Greek: Διάδοχος Φωτικής) was a fifth-century Christian ascetic whose works are included in the Philokalia.

Scholars have acknowledged his great influence on later Byzantine saints such as Maximos the Confessor, John Climacus, Symeon the New Theologian, and in general the Hesychast movement of the 14th century. He has also had great influence in the West via the work, "On the Contemplative Life" (De vita contemplativa) of Julianus Pomerius (†498).

His feast day is commemorated on March 29.

Hesychasm
Hesychasm (/ˈhɛsɪkæzəm, ˈhɛzɪ-/) is a contemplative monastic tradition in the Eastern Christian traditions of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches in which stillness (hēsychia) is sought through uninterrupted Jesus prayer. While rooted in early Christian monasticism, it took its definitive form in the 14th century at Mount Athos.
Valery Rukhledev
Valery Nikititch Rukhledev (born 18 January 1948) is a Russian sports activist. He is also a 6 time gold medalist in wrestling for the Soviet Union at the Deaflympics from 1969 to 1977.  He served as the president of the Comite International des Sports des Sourds (International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD), in English) from 2013 to 2018. He retired from the position as President of ICSD on 31 July 2018 after being charged on embezzlement charges in a corruption scandal, in which he was accused of embezzling $803,800 from the All-Russian Society of the Deaf. He was later replaced by Australian Rebecca Adam as ICSD President on 1 August 2018 which created further controversy in the Deaf sports world.

Comité International des Sports des Sourds
The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf  is the apex body organizing international sports events for the deaf, particularly the Deaflympics (previously called World Games for the Deaf).  It is also called the Comité International des Sports des Sourds (CISS). The organization was founded in Paris by Eugène Rubens-Alcais, who organized the first "International Silent Games" in 1924.  Alcais was himself deaf and was the president of the French Deaf Sports Federation.

CISS, now also called ICSD, is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Glenn Howard
Glenn William Howard (born July 17, 1962) is a retired Canadian curler who is one of the most decorated curlers of all time.  He has won four world championships, four Briers and 17 Ontario provincial championships, including a record eight straight, from 2006 to 2013. He has made 20 Brier appearances, playing in a total of 227 games, the third most of any curler.  He has won a career 14 Grand Slams, won the 2001 TSN and 2013 Dominion All-Star Skin Games and the 2010 Canada Cup of Curling.

He currently coaches his son Scott Howard's Ontario rink.

2010 Canada Cup of Curling
The 2010 Canada Cup of Curling was held December 1–5, 2010 at the Medicine Hat Arena in Medicine Hat, Alberta. The Glenn Howard rink won their first Canada Cup on the men's side while Stefanie Lawton won her second cup. Glenn Howard's win marks the first time that a non-Alberta men's team won a Canada Cup.
President's Cup (Ghana)
The President's Cup is an annual one-off game, featuring two selected clubs at the end of the season. The cup is called the GHALCA President's Cup because it is organized by Ghana League Clubs Association (GHALCA) and played in honour of the sitting President of Ghana. The game was also known as the Republic Day Celebrations Cup and is usually played in July of each year to mark Ghana's Republic Day celebrations which falls on the 1 July.

The current holders are Asante Kotoko S.C., who defeated rivals Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. 1–2 in the 2025 match. Asante Kotoko holds the record for most wins with nine titles.

Asante Kotoko S.C.
Asante Kotoko Sporting Club, simply known as Asante Kotoko, is a professional football club founded on 31 August 1935 and based in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Nicknamed the Porcupine Warriors and "kum apem a, apem beba" which translate to "If you kill a thousand, a thousand more will come" in English Language. In their local dialect, Twi, they compete in the Ghana Premier League and play their home matches at the Baba Yara Stadium in Amakom, Kumasi.

They have won the league a record 24 times [1], the CAF Champions League twice, and were adjudged the African club of the century by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS).
Matey Kaziyski
Matey Iliyanov Kaziyski (Bulgarian: Матей Илиянов Казийски; born 23 September 1984) is a Bulgarian professional volleyball player, member of Bulgaria men's national volleyball team during 2003–2012 and Italian club Trentino Volley, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, bronze medalist of the World Championship 2006, World Cup 2007 and European Championship 2009. He is a multiple winner of the CEV Champions League and FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship with the Italian club Trentino Volley.

FIVB Men's Volleyball Club World Championship
The FIVB Men's Volleyball Club World Championship is an international men's club volleyball competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The competition was first contested in 1989 in Italy. It was not held between 1993 and 2008, but since 2009, the competition has been held every year, and has been hosted by Qatar, Brazil, Poland and India.

The current champions are Italy's Sir Sicoma Monini Perugia, who defeated Japan's Osaka Bluteon (3–0) in the final of the 2025 edition and won their third world title. Italian teams have been the most successful, with thirteen titles, and in all editions but 2015, at least one Italian team have taken part in the event.
2014–15 Rugby Pro D2 season
The 2014–15 Rugby Pro D2 was the second-level French rugby union club competition, behind the Top 14, for the 2014–15 season. It ran alongside the 2014–15 Top 14 competition; both competitions are operated by the Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR). The average team salaries at the outset of the 2014–15 season were €5.97m; Biarritz and Perpignan had the highest team salaries with €11.07m.

2014–15 Top 14 season
The 2014–15 Top 14 competition was a French domestic rugby union club competition operated by the Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR).  Two new teams from the 2013–14 Pro D2 season were promoted to Top 14 this season, Lyon and La Rochelle in place of the two relegated teams, Perpignan and Biarritz Olympique. Home-and-away play began on 16 August 2014 and ended on 23 May 2015.  This was followed by a playoff stage involving the top six teams, culminating in the final on 13 June 2015.
Lee Kwan Woh v Public Prosecutor
Lee Kwan Woh v. Public Prosecutor, [2009] 5 MLJ 301 is a landmark case of the Federal Court of Malaysia, in which the court ruled that article 5(1) of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia guaranteed people the right to a fair trial and entrenched the doctrine of proportionality when read harmoniously with the equality clause under article 8(1) of the Federal Constitution. The Federal Court concluded that Lee Kwan Woh, the accused, was not given the opportunity to make a defence against the prosecution, depriving him of his right to a fair trial. The Federal Court also emphasised on a liberal and purposive approach in interpreting the Federal Constitution, outlining that the provisions pertaining to fundamental rights spelt out in the Federal Constitution (articles 5 to 13) ought to be interpreted in a generous and prismatic fashion rather than a literal and pedantic manner.

Loh Wai Kong v Malaysia
Loh Wai Kong v Government of Malaysia (1979) 2 MLJ 33 was a case heard in the Federal Court of Malaysia. Loh Wai Kong sought a ruling from the courts that Malaysian citizens were entitled to travel overseas as a fundamental right under Article 5 of the Constitution. The Federal Court ruled that no such right existed.
SAFIRE radar
The Spectrally Agile Frequency-Incrementing Reconfigurable (SAFIRE) radar is a vehicle-mounted, forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FLGPR) system designed to detect buried or hidden explosive hazards. It was developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in 2016 as part of a long generation of ultra-wideband (UWB) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems created to combat buried landmines and IEDs. Past iterations include the railSAR, the boomSAR, and the SIRE radar.

Ultra-wideband
Ultra-wideband (UWB, ultra wideband, ultra-wide band and ultraband) is a radio technology that can use a very low energy level for short-range, high-bandwidth communications over a large portion of the radio spectrum. UWB has traditional applications in non-cooperative radar imaging. Most recent applications target sensor data collection, precise locating, and tracking. UWB support started to appear in high-end smartphones in 2019. For a detailed list of Ultra-wideband supported mobile devices, see List of UWB-enabled mobile devices.
Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (1854–1898)
Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (Marie Friederike Leopoldine Georgine Auguste Alexandra Elisabeth Therese Josephine Helene Sophie; 2 August 1854 – 8 October 1898) was the wife of Prince Albert of Prussia, Regent for the duchy of Brunswick.

Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)
Prince Albert of Prussia (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Albrecht; 8 May 1837 – 13 September 1906) was a Prussian general field marshal, Herrenmeister (Grand Master) of the Order of Saint John from 1883 until his death, and regent of the Duchy of Brunswick from 1885, also until his death.
Ohio State Route 151
State Route 151 (SR 151) is an east–west state highway in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The western terminus of State Route 151 is at a T-intersection with U.S. Route 250 approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Bowerston.  Its eastern terminus is at a diamond interchange with State Route 7 just south of Mingo Junction.

U.S. Route 250 in Ohio
U.S. Route 250 (US 250) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs from Sandusky, Ohio to Richmond, Virginia. Within the state of Ohio, the route runs from US 6 in Sandusky to the West Virginia border at Bridgeport.
Count of Peniche
Count of Peniche (in Portuguese Conde de Peniche) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated from December 6, 1806, by Prince Regent John, on behalf of Queen Maria I of Portugal, and granted to Caetano José de Noronha e Albuquerque, younger son of the 3rd Marquis of Angeja and 4th Count of Vila Verde.

This collateral Branch of the House of Angeja later inherited the titles of Marquis of Angeja and Count of Vila Verde when the Noronha'a senior line was extinguished.

Marquis of Angeja
Count of Vila Verde (in Portuguese Conde de Vila Verde) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated from December 10, 1654, by King John IV of Portugal, and granted to Dom António de Noronha, 12th Lord of Vila Verde.

António de Noronha descended from Pedro de Noronha, Archbishop of Lisbon and a grandson of King Fernando I of Portugal (through his mother Infanta Isabel) and of King Henry II of Castile (through his father Alfonso, Count of Noroña y Gigon).

In the 18th century this family received new honours: a royal decree of King John V of Portugal, issued on January 21, 1714, created the title of Marquis of Angeja (in Portuguese Marquês de Angeja) and granted it to Dom Pedro António de Noronha, 2nd Count of Vila Verde.
Nandi Award for Best Actor
The Nandi Award for Best Actor was commissioned by the Nandi Awards committee in 1977. The winner is awarded a "Silver Nandi", a gold medal, cash award and a commendation certificate. Venkatesh has won the most Best Actor awards, with five wins, followed by Mahesh Babu with four wins.

Nandi Awards
The Nandi Awards were annual awards presented by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise excellence in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television, as well as lifetime achievements in Indian cinema. The awards were named after the monolithic sculpture of the sacred bull in Hinduism, Nandi, at Lepakshi, a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu people.

The Nandi Awards were categorised into four levels: Swarnam (Gold), Rajatam (Silver), Kamsyam (Bronze), and Raagi (Copper). In addition to film and television awards, the government also presented the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards to honour outstanding contributions in social, mythological, and poetic dramas in Telugu theatre.
Local Church controversies
The local churches and the ministry of Watchman Nee and Witness Lee have been the subject of controversy in two major areas over the past fifty years. To a large extent these controversies stem from the rapid increase and spread of the local churches in the United States in the 1960s and early 1970s. In the 1970s they became a target of opposition of fledgling countercult ministries. Unsupported criticisms of anti-social behaviors led to three libel litigations. In addition, some criticized the teaching of Witness Lee on the nature of God, God's full salvation, and the church.

Witness Lee
Witness Lee (Chinese: 李常受; pinyin: Lǐ Chángshòu; September 5, 1905 – June 9, 1997) was a Chinese Christian preacher and hymnist belonging to the Christian group known as the local churches (or Local Church) in Taiwan and the United States. He was also the founder of Living Stream Ministry. Lee was born in 1905 in the city of Yantai, Shandong, China, to a Southern Baptist family.  He became a Christian in 1925 after hearing the preaching of an evangelist named Peace Wang and later joined the Christian work started by Watchman Nee. Like Nee, Lee emphasized what he considered the believers' subjective experience and enjoyment of Christ as life for the building up of the church, not as an organization, but as the Body of Christ.
John T. Meints
John T. Meints Sr. (July 3, 1862 – April 13, 1942) was a German-American farmer and member of the Nonpartisan League who lived in Luverne, Minnesota. On August 19, 1918, he was ambushed by 32 anti-German men who tarred and feathered Meints. Meints filed a lawsuit for $100,000 against the men but was denied.

Tarring and feathering
Tarring and feathering is a form of public torture where a victim is stripped naked, or stripped to the waist, while wood tar is either poured or painted onto the person. The victim then either has feathers thrown on them or is rolled around on a pile of feathers so that they stick to the tar.

Used to enforce unofficial justice or revenge, it was used in medieval Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, as well as the early American frontier, mostly as a form of vigilante justice. The image of a tarred-and-feathered outlaw remains a metaphor for severe public criticism.

Tarring and feathering was a very common punishment in British colonies in North America during 1766 through 1776. The most famous American tarring and feathering is that of John Malcolm, a British Loyalist, during the American Revolution.
Conrad Bergendoff
Conrad Johan (John) Immanuel Bergendoff (December 3, 1895 – December 23, 1997) was an American Lutheran theologian and historian. He served as the fifth president of Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois, from 1935 to 1962.

Augustana College (Illinois)
Augustana College is a private Lutheran liberal arts college in Rock Island, Illinois, United States. The college enrolls approximately 2,500 students. Its campus is adjacent to the Mississippi River and covers 115 acres (46.5 ha) of hilly, wooded land.
Hahoetal
Hahoetal (Korean: 하회탈) are traditional Korean masks worn in the Hahoe byeolsingut talnori ceremonies that date back to the 12th century. They represent the stock characters needed to perform the roles in the ritual dance dramas included in the ceremony. The masks originated in the Hahoe Folk Village and Byeongsan Village, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. They are counted among the treasures of South Korea, and the oldest Hahoe mask is on display in the National Museum of Korea. The Hahoetal masks are considered to be among of the most beautiful and well known images representing Korean culture. The South Korean government named the masks "National Treasure #121" and the dance of the Pyolshin-gut Ta'l nori as "important intangible cultural asset #69." The Hahoe Mask Dance Drama Preservation Society performs the dance drama weekly at the Hahoe folk village for tourists, while Andong City hosts an international mask dance festival every October.

Hahoe Folk Village
The Hahoe Folk Village (Korean: 안동 하회마을) is a traditional village from the Joseon Dynasty, located in Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The 'Ha' is short for river and 'hoe' means to 'turn around, return, come back.

The village is a valuable part of Korean culture because it preserves Joseon period-style architecture, folk traditions, valuable books, and an old tradition of clan-based villages. It is listed by the South Korean government with UNESCO as a World Heritage Site with Yangdong Folk Village in 2010 and attracts around 1 million visitors every year.
International Violin Competition Henri Marteau
The International Violin Competition Henri Marteau (German: Internationaler Violinwettbewerb Henri Marteau) is a violin competition named after the famous violinist and violin teacher Henri Marteau. It is open to violinists of all nationalities aged under 25 and takes place every three years at Haus Marteau in Lichtenberg, Bavaria and at Freiheitshalle in Hof, Bavaria, Germany.

The 7th International Violin Competition Henri Marteau, scheduled from April 26 to May 9, 2020, was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic. The next competition is planned for 2023.

Lichtenberg, Bavaria
Lichtenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪçtn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in northeastern Bavaria in the district of Hof in Upper Franconia.

It lies on a hill above the valley of the river Selbitz, in the Frankenwald nature park.
Manually coded language
Manually coded languages are a family of gestural communication methods which include gestural spelling as well as constructed languages which directly interpolate the grammar and syntax of oral languages in a gestural-visual form—that is, signed versions of oral languages. Unlike the sign languages that have evolved naturally in deaf communities, these manual codes are the conscious invention of deaf and hearing educators, and as such lack the distinct spatial structures present in native deaf sign languages. MCLs mostly follow the grammar of the oral language—or, more precisely, of the written form of the oral language that they interpolate. They have been mainly used in deaf education in an effort to "represent English on the hands" and by sign language interpreters in K-12 schools, although they have had some influence on deaf sign languages where their implementation was widespread.

Manually coded English
Manually Coded English (MCE) is an umbrella term referring to a number of invented manual codes intended to visually represent the exact grammar and morphology of spoken English. Different codes of MCE vary in the levels of adherence to spoken English grammar, morphology, and syntax. MCE is typically used in conjunction with direct spoken English.
Memphis Red Sox
The Memphis Red Sox were an American Negro league baseball team that was active from 1920 to 1959. Originally named the Barber College Baseball Club, the team was initially owned and operated by Arthur P. Martin, a local Memphis barber. In the late 1920s the Martin brothers, all three Memphis doctors and businessmen, purchased the Red Sox. J. B. Martin, W. S. Martin, and B. B. Martin, would retain control of the club till its dissolution in 1959. The Red Sox played as members, at various times, of the Negro Southern League, Negro National League, and Negro American League. The team was never a titan of the Negro leagues like wealthier teams in northern cities of the United States, but sound management led to a continuous thirty-nine years of operation, a span that was exceeded by very few other teams. Following integration the team had five players that would eventually make the rosters of Major League Baseball teams and two players that were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

J. B. Martin
Dr. J. B. Martin (September 24, 1885 – May 1, 1973) was president of the Negro American League, owner of the Chicago American Giants baseball team, and a prominent Republican Party leader in Memphis and later Chicago.
Method acting
Method acting, known as the Method, is a group of rehearsal techniques that seek to encourage sincere and expressive performances through identifying with, understanding, and experiencing a character's inner motivation and emotions. Theatre practitioners built these techniques on Stanislavski's system, developed by the Russian and Soviet actor and director Konstantin Stanislavski and captured in his books An Actor Prepares, Building a Character, and Creating a Role.

The approach was developed and labeled “Method Acting” by Lee Strasberg. Stella Adler and  Sanford Meisner rejected Strasberg’s technique and left the Group Theatre. Adler was the only member of the Group Theatre to study with Stanislavski.

Sanford Meisner
Sanford Meisner (August 31, 1905 – February 2, 1997) was an American actor and acting teacher who developed an approach to acting instruction that is now known as the Meisner technique. While Meisner was exposed to method acting at the Group Theatre, his approach differed markedly in that he completely abandoned the use of affective memory, a distinct characteristic of method acting. Meisner maintained an emphasis on "the reality of doing", which was the foundation of his approach.
Showboat
A showboat, or show boat, was a floating theater that traveled along the waterways of the United States, especially along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, to bring culture and entertainment to the river frontiers. This special type of riverboat was designed to carry passengers rather than cargo, and they had to be pushed by a small pusher or towboat attached to it. Showboats were rarely steam-powered because the steam engine had to be placed right in the auditorium for logistical reasons, making it difficult to have a large theater.

Pusher (boat)
A pusher, pusher craft, pusher boat, pusher tug, or towboat, is a boat designed for pushing barges or car floats. In the United States, the industries that use these vessels refer to them as towboats. These vessels are characterized by a square bow and a shallow draft, and they typically have knees, which are large plates mounted to the bow for pushing barges of various heights. These boats usually operate on rivers and inland waterways. Multiple barges lashed together, or a boat and any barges lashed to it, are referred to as a tow and can have dozens of barges. Many of these vessels, especially the long-haul boats, include living quarters for the crew.