hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is
a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth. In the ocean, the thermocline divides the upper mixed layer from the calm deep water below.

Depending largely on season, latitude, and turbulent mixing by wind, thermoclines may be a semi-permanent feature of the body of water in which they occur, or they may form temporarily in response to phenomena such as the radiative heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night. Factors that affect the depth and thickness of a thermocline include seasonal weather variations, latitude, and local environmental conditions, such as tides and currents.

Mixed layer
The oceanic or limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The surface mixed layer is a layer where this turbulence is generated by winds, surface heat fluxes, or processes such as evaporation or sea ice formation which result in an increase in salinity.   The atmospheric mixed layer is a zone having nearly constant potential temperature and specific humidity with height. The depth of the atmospheric mixed layer is known as the mixing height.  Turbulence typically plays a role in the formation of fluid mixed layers.
Szabad Nép
Szabad Nép (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɒbɒd ˈneːp], English: Free People) was a Hungarian daily newspaper which was the central organ of the Hungarian Communist Party (1942–1948) and from February 1948 the Hungarian Working People's Party. The newspaper was the predecessor to Népszabadság.

Népszabadság
Népszabadság (Hungarian: [ˈneːpsɒbɒt͡ʃːaːɡ]; lit. 'Liberty of the People') was a major Hungarian newspaper which was formerly the official press organ of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party during the Hungarian People's Republic. Before its closure, Népszabadság was considered the de facto newspaper of record for Hungary.
Kitsos Botsaris
Kitsos Botsaris (Albanian: Kiço Boçari; Greek: Κίτσος Μπότσαρης); 1741 in Missolonghi – 1813, in Arta), was a leader of the Souliotes, an autonomous community in Ottoman-ruled Epirus. He played a leading role in the aftermath of the last war between the Souliotes and the Ottoman ruler of Ioannina, Ali Pasha. He was the father of Kostas Botsaris and Markos Botsaris, who fought in the Greek War of Independence.

Markos Botsaris
Markos Botsaris (Greek: Μάρκος Μπότσαρης; 1790 – 21 August 1823) was a Souliot chieftain, general of the Greek revolutionary army and hero of the Greek War of Independence. He played a key role in relieving the First Siege of Missolonghi in 1822–1823 and was awarded the title of General of Western Greece by the revolutionary Greek government. He was killed during the Battle of Karpenisi and was buried in Missolonghi with full honors. Botsaris is among the most revered national heroes in Greece.
Jarrad McVeigh
Jarrad McVeigh (born 7 April 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is the younger brother of former Essendon midfielder Mark McVeigh. He was co-captain of the Sydney Swans alongside Adam Goodes in 2011 and 2012 and Kieren Jack from 2013 to 2016.

Mark McVeigh
Mark McVeigh (born 26 January 1981) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He served as the caretaker senior coach of the Greater Western Sydney Giants following the resignation of Leon Cameron in 2022.
SS Columbus (1922)
SS Columbus was a German ocean liner laid down and launched as Hindenburg before the start of World War I.

The vessel was originally to be named Hindenburg. However, her then-sister, originally named Columbus, was handed over to British government and then sold to the White Star Line after the war as part of reparations in 1920 and renamed Homeric by her new owners.

The Allies allowed the Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL), her owners, to keep the remaining ship. NDL decided to give her the name of her departed sister, now the British Homeric. Construction, which had been held up by the war, resumed at Schichau Shipyards in Danzig, Germany.

RMS Homeric
RMS Homeric, originally launched as Columbus, was an ocean liner built for Norddeutscher Lloyd and launched in 1913 at the F. Schichau yard in Danzig, Germany (now Gdańsk, Poland). Columbus was ceded to Great Britain in 1919 as part of German war reparations. She was sold to the White Star Line in 1920, which named her Homeric. Her sister ship Hindenburg remained in German ownership and was renamed Columbus. Homeric was operated by White Star from 1922 to 1935.
RepresentWomen
RepresentWomen is a 501(c)(3) organization that argues in favor of institutional reforms to help women achieve gender parity in public office in the United States. The organization conducts research and advocacy work to advance women's representation through candidate recruitment rules (i.e. gender quotas for political parties and political action committees), electoral reforms (i.e. ranked choice voting), and the modernization of legislative rules (i.e. onsite childcare and nursing rooms). Their mission, according to their website, is to "strengthen our democracy by advancing reforms that break down barriers to ensure more women can run, win, serve, and lead."

RepresentWomen, originally called Representation2020, started in 2013 as a project of FairVote, a nonprofit that advocates for electoral reform in the United States. The organization changed its name to RepresentWomen and achieved nonprofit status in 2018.

RepresentWomen is based in Takoma Park, Maryland.

FairVote
FairVote is a 501(c)(3) organization and lobbying group in the United States. It was founded in 1992 as Citizens for Proportional Representation to support the implementation of proportional representation in American elections. Its focus changed over time to emphasize instant-runoff voting (IRV), a national popular vote, and universal voter registration. It changed its name to the Center for Voting and Democracy in 1993 and to FairVote in 2004.
Hill 50 Gold Mine
The Hill 50 Gold Mine, now referred to as the Mount Magnet Gold Mine, is a gold mine located 4 km north-west of Mount Magnet, Western Australia. The mine was, until July 2010, owned by Harmony Gold and had been placed in care and maintenance since 2007. In July 2010, Harmony sold the mine to Ramelius Resources, owner of the Wattle Dam Gold Mine, for A$40 million.

The mine was, for a short time in 2008, owned by Monarch Gold Mining Company Ltd, who went into administration in June 2008. Hill 50 never entered production under Monarch's ownership. Throughout its history, since 1891, the mine has produced in excess of 5.6 million ounces of gold.

Wattle Dam Gold Mine
The Wattle Dam Gold Mine is a gold mine located 25 kilometres south west of Kambalda, Western Australia and is owned by Maximus Resources.

It is formerly owned by Ramelius Resources. Ramelius, listed at the Australian Securities Exchange since 2003, discovered Wattle Dam in 2005 and began mining the deposit in 2006.

Ore from Wattle Dam was not treated on site but rather taken to the company's Burbanks Treatment Plant, eight kilometres south of Coolgardie, near the Burbanks Gold Mine which was owned by Barra Resources. Mining at Wattle Dam ceased in 2012, with the mine in care and maintenance since.
ABS Aerolight
ABS Aerolight was a French aircraft manufacturer based in Sérignan-du-Comtat. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes and roadable aircraft, in the form of kits for amateur construction and ready-to-fly aircraft for the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.

The company appears to have gone out of business in late 2007 and production ended.

The company produced a line of powered parachutes in the mid-2000s, including the semi-enclosed cockpit ABS Aerolight Legacy and two models of roadable aircraft, the ABS Aerolight ATE and the development ABS Aerolight Navigathor. The ATE and  Navigathor both feature a wedge-shaped boat hull, a parachute wing and off-road four-wheeled landing gear for land use and are powered by a ducted fan in all modes.

ABS Aerolight Navigathor
The ABS Aerolight Navigathor is a French powered parachute and roadable aircraft that was designed and produced by ABS Aerolight of Sérignan-du-Comtat. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft and as a kit for amateur construction.

The company appears to have gone out of business in late 2007 and production ended.
The River (Bruce Springsteen song)
"The River" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen, accompanied by the E Street Band, in 1979. The title track of his fifth album, it was a hit single in parts of Europe in 1981; reaching No.24 in Ireland, No. 25 in the Netherlands, and the top 10 in both Sweden and Norway. Its B-side was either "Independence Day" or "Ramrod", depending on the country of release.

Independence Day (Bruce Springsteen song)
"Independence Day" is a song written and performed by the American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen. It was originally released on his fifth album, The River, in 1980.  It was recorded at The Power Station in New York, on April 24–25, 1980.
Salem Al Fakir
Lars Salem Al Fakir (Arabic: لارس سليم الفقير; born 27 October 1981) is a Swedish musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He regularly collaborates with Vincent Pontare as the songwriting and production duo Vargas and Lagola. Together, they have worked with many artists, including Avicii, Axwell & Ingrosso, Madonna, Seinabo Sey, Lady Gaga and the Swedish band Ghost. In addition to his songwriting and production work, he releases alternative pop music as Vargas & Lagola.

Vincent Pontare
Fred Vincent Pontare (born 13 May 1980) is a Swedish songwriter, producer, and singer. He is also known by the mononym Vincent. He regularly collaborates with Salem Al Fakir as songwriting, producer, and duo Vargas & Lagola. Together, they have worked with many pre-eminent artists, including: Avicii, Axwell Ʌ Ingrosso, Madonna, Seinabo Sey and Lady Gaga. 
In addition to their songwriting and production work, they release alternative pop music as Vargas & Lagola.

In August 2017, they were featured artists on Avicii's "Friend of Mine" from EP Avīci (01) which they co-wrote.
Bat adenovirus 3
Bat adenovirus 3, also called Bat adenovirus TJM, is a virus in the genus Mastadenovirus of the family Adenoviridae. It is a double stranded DNA virus with no RNA sequence. The designation TJM refers to the strain as there are several species of Bat adenoviruses in three groups 1, 2, and 3.

Adenoviridae
Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953.

They have a broad range of vertebrate hosts; in humans, more than 50 distinct adenoviral serotypes have been found to cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild respiratory infections in young children (the common cold) to life-threatening multi-organ disease in people with a weakened immune system.
Ohtahara syndrome
Ohtahara syndrome (OS), also known as early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE) is a progressive epileptic encephalopathy. The syndrome is outwardly characterized by tonic spasms and partial seizures within the first few months of life, and receives its more elaborate name from the pattern of burst activity on an electroencephalogram (EEG).  It is an extremely debilitating progressive neurological disorder, involving intractable seizures and severe intellectual disabilities. No single cause has been identified, although in many cases structural brain damage is present.

Burst suppression
Burst suppression is an electroencephalography (EEG) pattern that is characterized by periods of high-voltage electrical activity alternating with periods of no activity in the brain. The pattern is found in patients with inactivated brain states, such as from general anesthesia, coma, or hypothermia. This pattern can be physiological, as during early development, or pathological, as in diseases such as Ohtahara syndrome.
Eldborg í Bláfjöllum
The volcanic cone of Eldborg í Bláfjöllum (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛltˌpɔrk iː ˈplauːˌfjœtlʏm]) is to be found at about 2 km from the skiing area in Bláfjöll, i.e. at about 25 km from Reykjavík, in Iceland.

Bláfjöll
Bláfjöll (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈplauːˌfjœtl̥], "blue mountains") are a small mountain range in the southwest of Iceland on Reykjanes peninsula at about 30 km from Reykjavík.

They form sort of a double mountain massif to the west and in the east of Jósepsdalur on Hellisheiði.
South Park season 28
The twenty-eighth season of the American animated sitcom South Park premiered on Comedy Central on October 15, 2025, as a continuation of the story arc from the previous season. It consists of five episodes, starting with "Twisted Christian".

South Park season 27
The twenty-seventh season of the American animated sitcom South Park premiered on Comedy Central on July 23, 2025. On July 21, 2025, it was announced that Trey Parker and Matt Stone had agreed to a new five-year deal with Paramount+ for the streaming rights, and for 10 episodes to be produced yearly. The season concluded on September 24, 2025, and season 28 began airing the following month, continuing season 27's story arc.
Chongqing railway station
Chongqing railway station (simplified Chinese: 重庆站; traditional Chinese: 重慶站; pinyin: Chóngqìng zhàn) is a railway station of Chengyu Railway, Xiangyu Railway, Chuanqian Railway, Chengyu Passenger Railway, that located in People's Republic of China. It is a transportation hub of Chongqing in China.

Once the most important railway station in Chongqing, this station handled virtually all long-distance services to the rest of China. Located between central city area and the Yangtze River, the extremely steep terrain of Chongqing requires the longest escalator in Asia between the station to the commercial districts and Lianglukou station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 1 and Line 3.

Currently the station has been closed for major renovations, in line with construction of the Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway. Until 2015, only the ticket hall will remain open. However it is still also the site of a major bus terminal.

Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway
The Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway (simplified Chinese: 成渝客运专线; traditional Chinese: 成渝客運專線) is a 307-kilometre (191 mi) long high-speed railway that connects the cities of Chengdu (Sichuan) and Chongqing in southwestern China, with a maximum speed of 350 km/h (220 mph). The route passes through most of the same cities that the older Chengdu–Chongqing Railway does, but is significantly shorter due to the greater use of elevated sections and tunnels. The line includes four major elevated sections and two tunnels.
Lockley-Newport LN-27
The Lockley-Newport LN-27 is an American sailboat that was designed by Stuart Windley and Harry R. Sindle as a cruiser and first built in 1979.

The Lockley-Newport LN-27 design was developed into the Gloucester 27 in 1983.

Gloucester 27
The Gloucester 27 is  an American sailboat that was designed by Stuart Windley and Harry R. Sindle as a cruiser and first built in 1983.

The Gloucester 27 is a development of the 1979 Lockley-Newport LN-27.
Rose Cross
The Rose Cross (also called Rose Croix and Rosy Cross) is a symbol largely associated with the legendary Christian Rosenkreuz, a Christian Kabbalist and alchemist said to have been the founder of the Rosicrucian Order. The Rose Cross is a cross with a rose at its centre, which is usually red, golden, or white. It symbolizes the teachings of a Western esoteric tradition with Christian tenets.

As a key Rosicrucian symbol, the Rosy Cross was also used by the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), and is still used by the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present).

Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism (/ˌroʊzɪˈkruːʃəˌnɪzəm, ˌrɒzɪ-/) is a spiritual and cultural movement influenced by Esoteric Christianity and Hermeticism that arose in early modern Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts announcing to the world a new secret society. Rosicrucianism is symbolized by the Rose Cross or Rosy Cross. There have been several Rosicrucian (or Rosicrucian-inspired) organizations since the initial movement was founded, including the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present), and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1887–1903).
Priddy Nine Barrows and Ashen Hill Barrow Cemeteries
Priddy Nine Barrows Cemetery  and Ashen Hill Barrow Cemetery are a collection of round barrows, dating from the Bronze Age (c.2000-700 BC), near Priddy in the English county of Somerset. They are designated as ancient monuments.

The barrows sit on crests of land at either end of a field in an area of the Mendip Hills with several Neolithic remains. They are assumed to be related to the Priddy Circles which lie 750 metres (2,460 ft) to the north. Ashen Hill  consists of six bowl barrows and two bell barrows aligned east to west while Priddy Nine Barrows divided into one group of seven round barrows and another pair slightly separated from the others.

Excavations in 1815 uncovered cremation burials and grave goods. A geophysical magnetometry survey suggested that there may have been three further barrows.

Priddy Circles
Priddy Circles are a linear arrangement of four circular earthwork enclosures near the village of Priddy on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England.  The circles have been listed as Scheduled Ancient Monuments, and described as 'probable Neolithic ritual or ceremonial monuments similar to a henge'.

The southernmost Priddy Circle falls on adjoining land to a house and stables that are owned by retired businessman Roger Penny. In 2012 Penny was fined £10,000 after the earthwork was damaged by work he had permitted.
Schnuerle porting
Schnuerle porting is a system to improve efficiency of a valveless two-stroke engine by giving better scavenging. The intake and exhaust ports cut in the cylinder wall are shaped to give a more efficient transfer of intake and exhaust gases.

Scavenging (engine)
Scavenging is the process of replacing the exhaust gas in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine  with the fresh air–fuel mixture (or fresh air, in the case of direct-injection engines) for the next cycle. If scavenging is incomplete, the remaining exhaust gases can cause improper combustion for the next cycle, leading to reduced power output.

Scavenging is equally important for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Most modern four-stroke engines use crossflow cylinder heads and valve timing overlap to scavenge the cylinders. Modern two-stroke engines use either Schnuerle scavenging (also known as "loop scavenging") or uniflow scavenging.

The scavenge or scavenging port refers to that port through which clean air enters the cylinder, the exhaust port through which the combustible mix leaves.
Birmingham St George's F.C.
Birmingham St. George's F.C. was a football club based in Smethwick, England. The club started as St George's FC in Aston, before moving to the Cape Hill brewery in 1886 under the name Mitchell St George's.

Mitchells & Butlers Brewery
Mitchells & Butlers Brewery was formed when Henry Mitchell's old Crown Brewery (founded in Smethwick in 1866, and in partnership with Herbert Glendilling Bainbridge, former partner in Young's and Bainbridge from 1888) merged with William Butler's Brewery (also founded in Smethwick in 1866) in 1898.
Specialist Response and Security
Until July 2012 the Specialist Response and Security Team (SRS) was a Police Tactical Group of the Australian Federal Police (AFP) having responsibility for tactical and specialist operations within the Australian Capital Territory. The Operational Response Group (ORG) had responsibility for AFP National and International tactical operations. In July 2012 the SRS was merged with the ORG to create the Specialist Response Group.

Operational Response Group
The Operational Response Group (ORG) was a former police tactical group of the Australian Federal Police (AFP) part of the AFP's International Deployment Group (IDG) that was established in 2005 to support the AFP in variety of national and international special policing operations. In July 2012, the ORG was merged with the AFP's Specialist Response and Security team (SRS) to create the Specialist Response Group.
People's Secretariat
The People's Secretariat of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Народний секретеріат, romanized: Narodnyi sekreteriat) was the executive body of the Provisional Central Executive Committee of Soviets in Ukraine. It was formed in Kharkiv on December 30, 1917, as a form of the Soviet concept of dual power by the Russian and other local Bolsheviks thus forming the Ukrainian Soviet government and the opposition to the Central Rada and the General Secretariat of Ukraine. The government claimed the same jurisdiction over Ukraine as the General Secretariat. The Central Executive Committee of Ukraine that was elected by the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets canceled the declaration of independence, declared that Ukraine is in a federal subordination to the Russian SFSR, and called on to fight against the separatists, the Ukrainian Central Rada and the General Secretariat of Ukraine.

All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнський центральний виконавчий комітет, romanized: Vseukrainskyi tsentralnyi vykonavchyi komitet) was a representative body of the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. It was the supreme legislative, administrative, executive controlling state power of Soviet Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) between the sessions of the Congress of Soviets that acted between 1917 until 1938. In the very beginning this institution was established as the Central Executive Committee of Soviet of Ukraine at the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets in Kharkiv on January 6-7, 1918. At the same congress was elected the People's Secretariat of Ukraine.

On March 19, 1919, the committee issued a declaration, in which it passed most of its authority to the Sovnarkom of Ukraine at that time headed by Christian Rakovsky.
Supplementary service in South Korea
Supplementary service (Korean: 보충역; Hanja: 補充役; RR: Bochungyeok) is a category of military service in South Korea. Article 5 Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 3 of the ROK Military service act classifies supplementary service as "Persons found to be capable of serving on active duty as a result of a draft physical examination, but not determined as those subject to enlistment in the military as active duty soldiers due to the supply and demand conditions of the armed forces".

Conscription in South Korea
Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service. Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.
Hospital Bend
Hospital Bend is a major freeway junction, located to the east of the central business district of Cape Town, South Africa. It is the junction between the N2 national route and the M3 metropolitan expressway. Its unusual design led to notoriety as a traffic bottleneck and a frequent accident location; between March 2008 and early 2010 it underwent major roadworks to address these issues. It takes its name from it curving around the grounds of Groote Schuur Hospital.

M3 (Cape Town)
The M3 is an expressway in Cape Town, South Africa, connecting the upper part of the City Bowl to the Southern Suburbs and ending in Tokai. For most of its route it parallels - though further to the south and west - the M4 (Main Road), which was the original road connecting central Cape Town with the settlements to the south.