hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
88th Readiness Division
The 88th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army that saw service in both World War I and World War II. It was one of the first of the Organized Reserve divisions to be called into federal service, created nearly "from scratch" after the implementation of the draft in 1940. Previous divisions were composed of a core of either Regular Army or National Guard personnel plus draftees. Much of the experience in reactivating it was used in the subsequent expansion of the U.S. Army.

By the end of World War II the 88th Infantry fought its way to the northernmost extreme of Italy. In early May 1945 troops of its 349th Infantry Regiment joined the 103d Infantry Division of the VI Corps of the U.S. Seventh Army, part of the 6th Army Group, which had raced south through Bavaria into Innsbruck, Austria, in Vipiteno in the Italian Alps.

103rd Infantry Division (United States)
The 103rd Infantry Division ("Cactus Division") was a unit of the United States Army that served in the U.S. Seventh Army of the 6th Army Group during World War II.

It was variously assigned to the VI Corps, XV Corps, and XXI Corps. By war's end it was part of VI Corps' dash across Bavaria into the Alps, reaching Innsbruck, Austria, taking the Brenner Pass, and earning the honor of linking up with the United States Fifth Army coming north from Vipiteno, Italy, joining the Italian and 
Western European fronts on 4 May 1945.
Chach dynasty
The Chach dynasty (c. 632–712), also known as the Chacha dynasty or Silaij dynasty, was a Hindu Brahmin dynasty that ruled the Sindh region, after usurping and overthrowing the Buddhist Rai dynasty of Sindh. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chach Nama, a historical account of the Chach-Brahmin dynasty.

The members of the dynasty continued to administer parts of Sindh under the Umayyad Caliphate's Caliphal province of Sind after it fell in 712. These rulers include Hullishāh and Shishah.

Rai dynasty
The Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE) was a dynasty that ruled the Sindh. All that is known about the dynasty comes from the Chachnama, a 13th-century Persian work about Sindhi history whose accuracy has been questioned. Nothing particular is known about the first three kings—Rai Diwaji, Rai Sahiras I, and Rai Sahasi I. The fourth king, Rai Sahiras II, is said to have ruled over a vast prosperous area, including the seaport of Debal.
Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium
Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium, nicknamed "The Pfitz", is a stadium in the Coles Magisterial District of Prince William County, Virginia. It is primarily used for baseball, and was the home field of the Potomac Nationals before they relocated to Fredericksburg in 2020.  Built in 1984, the stadium is near the McCoart Government Center, the offices of the Prince William County Service Authority, and the Sean Connaughton Community Plaza.  It seats 6,000 people.

Virginia Credit Union Stadium
Virginia Credit Union Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Fredericksburg, Virginia. The stadium has 5,000 seats, a 300-seat club facility, and 13 suites. The estimated cost of the stadium is $35 million. It is home to the Fredericksburg Nationals, a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League and an affiliate of the Washington Nationals, since 2021. The stadium will also host a variety of community athletic and social events. In 2020 and 2021, it served as the alternate training site for the Washington Nationals.
Al-Jumhuryah
Al-Jumhuriya (Arabic: الجمهورية The Republic) is a leading newspaper in Yemen based in Taiz. The newspaper was founded in 1962, and has a pro-government stance.

The paper was founded by the Yemen Arab Republic government entity the Saba General Organization for Press alongside Al-Thawra newspaper.

The newspaper was closed for four years due to the onset of the 2015 Yemen Civil War which led to a partial destruction of its headquarters and the looting of its equipment. The newspaper reopened in October 2018 and has a pro-Hadi government stance.

Al-Thawra (Yemen)
Al-Thawra (Arabic: الثورة The Revolution) is a Yemeni newspaper. It was founded on 29 September 1962, and celebrated its golden jubilee in 2012.

The paper was founded by the Yemen Arab Republic government entity the Saba General Organization for Press alongside Al-Jumhuryah newspaper. Al-Thawra is based in Sana'a and had a pro-government stance. After the Houthi takeover in Yemen in 2015, the Houthi's captured Al-Thawra and turned it into a pro-Houthi outlet circulated only in the north of Yemen.
White House of the Confederacy
The Second White House of the Confederacy is a historic house located in the Court End neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia. Built in 1818, it served as the main executive residence of the sole President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis, from August 1861 until April 1865. It currently sits on the campus of Virginia Commonwealth University.

The Jefferson Davis Executive Mansion was owned by the Confederate Memorial Literary Society from 1894 until 2014, when the Museum of the Confederacy merged with the American Civil War Center. The merged entity is now the American Civil War Museum. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.

American Civil War Museum
The American Civil War Museum is a multi-site museum in the Greater Richmond Region of central Virginia, dedicated to the history of the American Civil War. The museum operates three sites: The White House of the Confederacy, the American Civil War Museum at Historic Tredegar in Richmond, and the American Civil War Museum at Appomattox. It maintains a comprehensive collection of artifacts, manuscripts, Confederate books and pamphlets, and photographs.

In November 2013, the Museum of the Confederacy and the American Civil War Center at Tredegar merged, creating the American Civil War Museum. Its current name was announced in January 2014.
Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey
The Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey team represents Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut and is the oldest collegiate ice hockey team in the United States. The Bulldogs compete in the Ivy League and the ECAC Hockey League (ECACHL) and play their home games at Ingalls Rink, also called the Yale Whale. The current head coach is Keith Allain, who led the Bulldogs to an Ivy League championship in his first year as head coach (2006–2007 season). Allain is assisted by former QU/UND goaltender, Josh Siembida.  On April 13, 2013, the Bulldogs shut out Quinnipiac 4–0 to win their first NCAA Division I Championship.

Quinnipiac Bobcats men's ice hockey
The Quinnipiac Bobcats men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Quinnipiac University. The Bobcats are a member of ECAC Hockey. They play at the M&T Bank Arena in Hamden, Connecticut.
Kaiser Motors
Kaiser Motors (formerly Kaiser-Frazer) Corporation made automobiles at Willow Run, Michigan, United States, from 1945 until 1953. In 1953, Kaiser merged with Willys-Overland to form Willys Motors Incorporated, moving its production operations to the Willys plant at Toledo, Ohio, where the company continued to build automobiles under the Kaiser marque including the Kaiser Darrin until 1955. Their South American operations continued to build passenger cars well up into the 1960s. The company changed its name to Kaiser Jeep Corporation in 1963.

Willys
Willys (pronounced /ˈwɪlɪs/ "Willis") was a brand name used by Willys–Overland Motors, an American automobile company, founded by John North Willys. It was best known for its design and production of World War II–era military jeeps (MBs), Willys M38 and M38A1 military jeeps as well as civilian versions (Jeep CJs), and branding the 'jeep' military slang-word into the '(Universal) Jeep' marque.
Arkansas Highway 367
Arkansas Highway 367 (AR 367) is a designation for two state highways in Arkansas. One segment of 15.03 miles (24.19 km) runs from U.S. Route 167 (US 167) at East End north to US 70 in Little Rock. A second segment of 81.52 miles (131.19 km) runs from Interstate 57 (I-57) in Cabot north to US 412B in Walnut Ridge.

U.S. Route 167
U.S. Route 167 is a north-south United States Highway within the U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas. It runs for 500 miles (800 km) from Ash Flat, Arkansas at U.S. Route 62/U.S. Route 412 to Abbeville, Louisiana at Louisiana Highway 14. It goes through the cities of Little Rock, Arkansas, Alexandria, Louisiana, and Lafayette, Louisiana.

Some of the highway's route has been combined with or parallels Interstate 49 in Louisiana. Between Junction City, Arkansas, and Ruston, Louisiana, U.S. 167 runs concurrent with U.S. 63.
Iowa Highway 37
Iowa Highway 37 (Iowa 37) is an east–west road in the west-central part of the state.  Iowa 37 begins just east of Turin at Iowa Highway 175.  It ends four miles (6.4 km) east of Earling at U.S. Highway 59.  A small portion of the highway near Turin is designated as part of the Loess Hills Scenic Byway.

Iowa Highway 175
Iowa Highway 175 (Iowa 175) is a main east–west route in the northern portion of the state.  The highway has a length of 221 miles (356 km). Iowa Highway 175 enters the state by a Missouri River crossing between Decatur, Nebraska and Onawa.  The highway continues westward as Nebraska Highway 51.  Iowa 175's eastern terminus is at a T intersection with U.S. Highway 63 (US 63) in southwestern Black Hawk County.

Despite Iowa 175's length, it only passes through small communities.  The largest city on the route is Onawa, whose 2020 census population was 2,906.
Rhins of Galloway
The Rhins (or Rhinns) of Galloway is a double-headed peninsula in southwestern Scotland. It takes the form of a hammerhead projecting into the Irish Sea, terminating in the north at Corsewall and Milleur Points and in the south at the Mull of Galloway (the southernmost point of Scotland). It is connected to the rest of Wigtownshire by an isthmus, washed on the north by Loch Ryan and on the south by Luce Bay. From end to end, the peninsula measures 28 miles (45 kilometres). It takes its name from the Gaelic word rinn, meaning "point".

The principal settlements are Stranraer at the head of Loch Ryan and the small tourist village of Portpatrick on the west coast. Other villages are dotted up and down the peninsula, including Kirkcolm, Leswalt, Lochans, and, in the South Rhins, Stoneykirk, Sandhead, Ardwell, and Drummore.

Mull of Galloway
The Mull of Galloway (Scottish Gaelic: Maol nan Gall, pronounced [mɯːlˠ̪ nəŋ ˈkaulˠ̪]; grid reference NX158303) is the southernmost point of Scotland. It is situated in Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway, at the end of the Rhins of Galloway peninsula, also being the most southerly hill.

The Mull has one of the last remaining sections of natural coastal habitat on the Galloway coast and as such supports a wide variety of plant and animal species. It is now a nature reserve managed by the RSPB. Mull means rounded headland or promontory.

The Mull of Galloway Trail, one of Scotland's Great Trails, is a 59 km (37 mi) long-distance footpath that runs from the Mull of Galloway via Stranraer to Glenapp near Ballantrae, where the trail links with the Ayrshire Coastal Path.
Mississippi Highway 309
Mississippi Highway 309 (MS 309) is a two-lane, north–south state highway in Marshall County, Mississippi. It runs 26.1 miles (42.0 km) from the Tennessee state line south through western Marshall County to its southern terminus at MS 4, just east of the community of Chulahoma.

Mississippi Highway 4
Mississippi Highway 4 (MS 4) runs east–west from an intersection in the community of Fox Island west of Tunica, Mississippi, near the border with Arkansas, to MS 25 in Tishomingo County, Mississippi. It travels a distance of 159.8 miles (257.2 km), serving Tunica, Tate, Marshall, Benton, Tippah, Prentiss, and Tishomingo counties.
John Carter Jr.
John Carter  (circa 1650–1690) was a Virginia planter who served in the Virginia House of Burgesses, but whose political career was overshadowed by those of his father John Carter Sr. and his brother Robert Carter (often nicknamed "King Carter" for his wealth and social and political prominence in the Colony of Virginia).

John Carter Sr.
John Carter  (1613–January 10, 1670) was an English merchant who emigrated to the Virginia colony, where he speculated in land, established plantations using indentured and enslaved labor, and served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly. He founded the more famous branch of the Carter family of Virginia. The immigrant ancestor of the other branch, Thomas Carter of Barford plantation (d. 1700) may have been related since both came from the same English village, and while Thomas Carter initially settled in Northumberland County, both men eventually settled in Lancaster County.
Krakatoa
Krakatoa (/ˌkrɑːkəˈtoʊə, ˌkræk-/), also transcribed Krakatau (/-ˈtaʊ/), is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The caldera is part of a volcanic island group (Krakatoa archipelago) comprising four islands. Two of them are known as Lang and Verlaten; another, Rakata, is the only remnant of an island, also called Krakatoa, mostly destroyed by an eruption in 1883 which created the caldera.

In 1927, a fourth island, Anak Krakatoa, or "Child of Krakatoa", emerged from the caldera formed in 1883. There has been new eruptive activity since the late 20th century, with a large collapse causing the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami. A new cinder cone eventually grew out of its collapse scar from eruptions in the 2020s.

Krakatoa archipelago
The Krakatoa Archipelago is a small uninhabited archipelago of volcanic islands formed by the Krakatoa stratovolcano located in the Sunda Strait, nestled between the much larger islands of Java and Sumatra. As of 2018, the archipelago consists of four main islands: Verlaten (a.k.a. Sertung) to the northwest, Lang (a.k.a. Rakata Kecil, or Panjang) to the northeast, Rakata (what remains the main island) to the south, and the currently volcanically active Anak Krakatoa in the north-centre. Together, the islands are a part of the Indonesian island arc system, created by the northeastward subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate. As part of a dynamic volcanic system, the islands have been continuously reshaped throughout recorded history, most notably in the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.

Administratively, the Krakatoa Archipelago lies entirely within Lampung, Indonesia and forms a part of Ujung Kulon National Park.
Help Yourself (Amy Winehouse song)
"Help Yourself" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse from her debut studio album Frank (2003). Released as the album's fourth and final single on 23 August 2004 as a double A-side with "Fuck Me Pumps" (Pumps), it reached number 65 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was not included on the U.S. release of Frank. A radio edit was released for promotional purposes. The song samples "You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart)" as recorded by Doris Day in 1945.

Fuck Me Pumps
"Fuck Me Pumps" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse from her debut studio album, Frank (2003). Written by Winehouse and Salaam Remi, the song was released in the United Kingdom as the album's fourth and final single on 23 August 2004 under the title "Pumps"—with "Help Yourself" as its coupling track—reaching number 65 on the UK Singles Chart. A clean radio edit was released for promotional purposes.

The track is an R&B song with humorous lyrics about stereotypical "gold-digging" girls, and in general women who rely on their looks to get by. The term "fuck-me pumps" or "FMPs" is a slang expression for sexy women's shoes, particularly those featuring bare heels. Chris Willman from Entertainment picked "Fuck Me Pumps" as the best song from Frank. The music video for "Pumps" shows Winehouse walking the streets with a microphone wearing pumps (high-heeled shoes).
Mercantile Bancorporation
Mercantile Bancorporation was the largest bank holding company in Missouri when it was acquired by Firstar Corporation in 1999.

The Mercantile Bank of St. Louis was founded in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1850.

In 1996, its chief executive Thomas H. Jacobsen began a series of  acquisitions, increasing its assets from $15.9 billion to $35.8 billion.  One of the biggest acquisitions was that of Mark Twain Bancshares in 1996.

At the time of its acquisition by Firstar, Mercantile was a $36 billion multi-bank holding company headquartered in St. Louis operating 500 locations in Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Illinois, Arkansas and Kentucky.

Firstar Corporation
Firstar Corporation was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based regional bank holding company that existed from 1853 to 2001.  In 2001, Firstar acquired U.S. Bancorp and assumed its name, moving its headquarters to Minneapolis.
New Delhi–Mumbai main line
The New Delhi–Mumbai line is a major railway line in India. Linking the national capital of New Delhi with financial capital Mumbai, this railway line covers a distance of 1,386 kilometres (861 mi) across the Indian states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra. Mumbai Tejas-Rajdhani Express which is the fastest Tejas-Rajdhani Express and the fastest train on this route,  travels on this line and covers the distance between Delhi and Mumbai in 15 hours and 32 minutes at a top speed of 130 km/h which will be increased to 160km/h soon and a top average speed of 89 km/h.

Mumbai Central–New Delhi Tejas Rajdhani Express
The 12951 / 12952 Mumbai Central–New Delhi Tejas Rajdhani Express is a High Speed Rajdhani class train of Indian Railways, that connects Mumbai Central (MMCT) and New Delhi (NDLS) in India. It is the fastest across all Rajdhani Express service of India, with an average speed of 90 
km/h and maximum permissible speed of 140 km/h. It is widely regarded as the most premium train on the Indian Railway network and is given the highest priority in terms of clearance and is referred to as “ The King “ by many on railfanning forums. It was the second Rajdhani Express train in India to be introduced after the Howrah Rajdhani Express. It covers almost 1,400 km distance in just 15 hours and 30 minutes. It is one of the fastest active-rail trains in India.
Langwith College, York
53°56′56″N 1°01′42″W﻿ / ﻿53.94880°N 1.02825°W﻿ / 53.94880; -1.02825

Langwith College is a college of the University of York. Alongside Derwent College it was a founding college of the University, and is named after the nearby Langwith Common.

Derwent College, York
53°56′49″N 1°02′53″W﻿ / ﻿53.94684°N 1.04792°W﻿ / 53.94684; -1.04792

Derwent College is a college of the University of York, and alongside Langwith College was one of the first two colleges to be opened following the university's inception. It is named after the local River Derwent. Both the original college building and the former Langwith college buildings are Grade II listed, making all of the current Derwent College premises Grade II listed.

The college itself is next to Heslington Hall, and close to the gazebo and gardens known collectively as The Quiet Place.
National (brand)
National (ナショナル, Nashonaru) was a brand used by Panasonic Corporation (formerly Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.) to sell home appliances, personal appliances, and industrial appliances.

Several similarly-named companies exist, such as National Cash Register, National Semiconductor, National Car Rental, National Book Store and National Grid Corporation of the Philippines, but none of them are related to the National brand.

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.
1993 Bishopsgate bombing
On 24 April 1993, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated a powerful truck bomb on Bishopsgate, a major thoroughfare in London's financial district, the City of London. Telephoned warnings were sent about an hour beforehand, but a news photographer was killed in the blast and 44 people were injured, with fatalities minimised due to its occurrence on a Saturday. The blast destroyed the nearby St Ethelburga's church and wrecked Liverpool Street station and the NatWest Tower.

As a result of the bombing, which happened just over a year after the bombing of the nearby Baltic Exchange, a "ring of steel" was implemented to protect the City, and many firms introduced disaster recovery plans in case of further attacks or similar disasters. £350 million (equivalent to £710 million in 2023) was spent on repairing damage. In 1994 detectives believed they knew the identities of the IRA bombers, but lacked sufficient evidence to arrest them.

Baltic Exchange bombing
The Baltic Exchange bombing was an attack by the Provisional IRA on the City of London, Britain's financial centre, on 10 April 1992, the day after the General Election that re-elected John Major from the Conservative Party as Prime Minister. The one-ton bomb – concealed in a van and consisting of a fertiliser device wrapped with a detonation cord made from 100 lb (45 kg) of semtex – was the biggest bomb detonated on mainland Britain since World War II. The bombing killed three people, injured 91 others, and severely damaged the Baltic Exchange and its surroundings.
Triumph Tiger T110
The Triumph Tiger 110 is a British sports motorcycle that Triumph first made at their Coventry factory between 1953 and 1961.  The T110 was developed from the Triumph Thunderbird and first appeared in 1954.

Although it was supposed to be the sports model of the Triumph range, the Tiger 110 was later fitted with the rear paneling that was introduced with Triumph's 350cc 3TA twin in 1957. This rear cowling earned it the nickname 'bathtub' from its shape and made the T110 look somewhat staid. From 1959 the T120 Bonneville became Triumph's leading sports model, and before the introduction of the unit construction 650cc twin in 1962, the T110 was dropped from Triumph's range.

Triumph Bonneville T120
The Triumph Bonneville T120 is a motorcycle originally made by Triumph Engineering from 1959 to 1975. It was the first model of the Bonneville series, which was continued by Triumph Motorcycles Ltd. The T120 was discontinued in favour of the larger 750 cc T140 in the early 1970s.