hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Objection (argument)
In argumentation, an objection is a reason arguing against a premise, argument, or conclusion. Definitions of objection vary in whether an objection is always an argument (or counterargument) or may include other moves such as questioning.

An objection to an objection is sometimes known as a rebuttal.

An objection can be issued against an argument retroactively from the point of reference of that argument. This form of objection – invented by the presocratic philosopher Parmenides – is commonly referred to as a retroactive refutation.

Counterargument
In reasoning and argument mapping, a counterargument is an objection to an objection. A counterargument can be used to rebut an objection to a premise, a main contention or a lemma. Synonyms of counterargument may include rebuttal, reply, counterstatement, counterreason, comeback and response. An attempt to rebut an argument may involve generating a counterargument, or finding a counterexample.
P-group
In mathematics, specifically group theory, given a prime number p, a p-group is a group in which the order of every element is a power of p. That is, for each element g of a p-group G, there exists a nonnegative integer n such that the product of pn copies of g, and not fewer, is equal to the identity element. The orders of different elements may be different powers of p.

Abelian p-groups are also called p-primary or simply primary.

A finite group is a p-group if and only if its order (the number of its elements) is a power of p. Given a finite group G, the Sylow theorems guarantee the existence of a subgroup of G of order pn for every prime power pn that divides the order of G.

Every finite p-group is nilpotent.

The remainder of this article deals with finite p-groups. For an example of an infinite abelian p-group, see Prüfer group, and for an example of an infinite simple p-group, see Tarski monster group.

Nilpotent group
In mathematics, specifically group theory, a nilpotent group G is a group that has an upper central series that terminates with G. Equivalently, it has a central series of finite length or its lower central series terminates with {1}.

Intuitively, a nilpotent group is a group that is "almost abelian". This idea is motivated by the fact that nilpotent groups are solvable, and for finite nilpotent groups, two elements having relatively prime orders must commute. It is also true that finite nilpotent groups are supersolvable. The concept is credited to work in the 1930s by Russian mathematician Sergei Chernikov.

Nilpotent groups arise in Galois theory, as well as in the classification of groups. They also appear prominently in the classification of Lie groups.

Analogous terms are used for Lie algebras (using the Lie bracket) including nilpotent, lower central series, and upper central series.
London Air Park
London Air Park, also known as Hanworth Air Park, was a grass airfield in the grounds of Hanworth Park House, operational 1917–1919 and 1929–1947. It was on the southeastern edge of Feltham, now part of the London Borough of Hounslow. In the 1930s, it was best known as a centre for private flying, society events, visits by the Graf Zeppelin airship, and for aircraft manufacture by the Whitehead Aircraft Company during World War I and General Aircraft Limited (GAL) 1934–1949; in total over 1,650 aircraft were built here.

General Aircraft Limited
General Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1931 to amalgamation with Blackburn Aircraft in 1949 to become Blackburn and General. Its main products were military gliders and light transport aircraft.
Wigod
Wigod (also spelt Wigot) was the eleventh-century Saxon thegn or lord of the English town of Wallingford, and a kinsman of Edward the Confessor.

He had seventeen manors, but they were scattered between eight counties. At a time when it was normal for clusters of estates to be built together, this suggests that they were given by King Edward and had only recently been increased in size.

After the Battle of Hastings, during the 1066 Norman invasion of England, William the Conqueror made for London, but was repulsed at the River Thames. Wigod invited William to Wallingford where he then crossed the river, aiding him in his conquest of England. The Domesday Book records him as both a Lord and an Overlord in a number of places in 1066.

His daughter Ealdgyth (also known as Aldgytha) married Robert D'Oyly, one of William's lords. He became lord of Wallingford upon Wigod's death. Wigod's son, Toki, also known as Tokig or Toking, died in battle supporting William the Conqueror.

Robert D'Oyly
Robert D'Oyly (also spelt Robert D'Oyley de Liseaux, Robert Doyley, Robert de Oiley, Robèrt d'Oilly, Robert D'Oyley and Roberti De Oilgi) was a Norman nobleman who accompanied William the Conqueror on the Norman conquest, his invasion of England. He died in 1091.
Rusty Smith (American football)
Russell Edgar Smith (born January 28, 1987) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Florida Atlantic Owls and was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the sixth round of the 2010 NFL draft.

Smith was with the Titans for four years as a backup, playing in three regular season games with one start. In 2014, he had offseason stints with the New York Giants and later the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). After his playing career ended, he began a career as a high school football coach.

Florida Atlantic Owls football
The Florida Atlantic Owls football program represents Florida Atlantic University (FAU) in the sport of American football. The Owls compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the American Conference. The Owls play their home games at FAU Stadium which has a seating capacity of 29,419.
David Bohnett
David C. Bohnett (born April 2, 1956) is an American philanthropist and technology entrepreneur. He is the founder and chairman of the David Bohnett Foundation, a non-profit, grant-making organization devoted to improving society through social activism.

Bohnett founded the social networking site GeoCities in 1994; the highly successful site went public via an IPO in 1998, and was acquired by Yahoo in 1999. Since then he has invested in technology start-ups via Baroda Ventures, a Los Angeles–based venture capital firm he started in 1998.

David Bohnett Foundation
The David Bohnett Foundation is an American foundation that gives grants to organizations that focus on primarily Los Angeles area programs and LGBT rights in the United States, as well as leadership initiatives and voter education, gun violence prevention, and animal language research. It was founded by David Bohnett in 1999.
Abebe Aregai
Ras Abebe Aregai (Amharic: አበበ አረጋይ; 18 August 1903 – 17 December 1960) was an Ethiopian military commander who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 27 November 1957 until his death. He was a victim of the unsuccessful 1960 Ethiopian coup.

During the Italian occupation, he led a group of resistance fighters. They were collectively known as the Arbegnoch (lit. 'Patriots'), and operated in Menz. The British IWM labeled Abebe “one of the bravest men in the modern world.”

Ras (title)
Ras (Amharic: ራስ, romanized: ras, lit. 'head' compare with Arabic Rais or Hebrew Rosh), is a noble title in the Ethiopian Semitic languages.  It is one of the powerful non-imperial titles.

Historian Harold G. Marcus equates the Ras title to a duke; others have compared it to "prince".

The combined title of Leul Ras (Amharic: ልዑል ራስ) was given to the heads of the cadet branches of the Imperial dynasty, such as the Princes of Gojjam, Tigray, Ras Tafari Makonnen and the Selalle sub-branch of the last reigning Shewan Branch, and meaning "Lord of Lords", the highest title of lord.
The Road (2011 film)
The Road (stylized as The Яoad) is a 2011 Filipino horror written, cinematographed and directed by Yam Laranas. Divided into three stories, the film stars Carmina Villarroel, Marvin Agustin, TJ Trinidad, Rhian Ramos, Barbie Forteza, Alden Richards, Lexi Fernandez, Louise delos Reyes, Derrick Monasterio, Ynna Asistio, and Renz Valerio.

Upon release, the film received mixed reviews and moderate success. It was released in the Philippines by GMA Films on November 30, 2011, and in the United States by Freestyle Releasing on May 11, 2012.

The film is streaming online on YouTube.

GMA Pictures
GMA Network Films Inc., doing business as GMA Pictures (formerly Cinemax Studios and GMA Films), is a Philippine film, television production and distribution company based in Diliman, Quezon City. It is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, Viva Films and Regal Entertainment. Its notable films include Sa Pusod ng Dagat (1998), José Rizal (1998), Muro-Ami (1999), Deathrow (2000), Let the Love Begin (2005), Moments of Love (2006), Ouija (2007), Firefly (2023), and Green Bones (2024).
My Finale
"My Finale" is the 40-minute-long eighth season finale and 168th and 169th overall episodes of the American television sitcom Scrubs. It was originally broadcast as episodes 18 and 19 of season eight on May 6, 2009 on ABC, and was intended to be the series finale during production. However, while the episode was billed as the "Scrubs finale" at the time of airing, it was unknown whether this would be the series finale or the season finale. The show ended up returning for a ninth season. Since the show underwent many changes for the ninth season, this is the last episode in which all of the main cast appear as series regulars and the last appearance of Judy Reyes as Carla Espinosa for 17 years until the revival season.

Carla Espinosa
Carla Espinosa, RN is a fictional character in the American comedy-drama Scrubs, portrayed by Judy Reyes.

Carla appeared in every episode during the first eight seasons except three Season 8 episodes, "My Happy Place", "My Cookie Pants", and "My Full Moon". She worked as the head nurse at Sacred Heart Hospital, in which the main action of the show takes place.

Judy Reyes was a regular cast member for the first eight seasons, and is the only original cast member not to return for season nine, though her character was still mentioned.  According to Donald Faison, who plays Carla's husband Christopher Turk, Carla becomes a stay-at-home mother following the birth of their second daughter, explaining the character's absence from season nine.
Riley Skinner
Riley Skinner (born October 21, 1986) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons and was signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2010. Skinner is currently captain of a golf team representing San Jose Country Club for the annual Ross Cup Championship.

Wake Forest Demon Deacons football
The Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team represents Wake Forest University in the sport of American football. The Demon Deacons compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Wake Forest plays its home football games at Allegacy Federal Credit Union Stadium and is coached by Jake Dickert.

Wake Forest struggled in football for much of the second half of the 20th century. The university is the sixth-smallest school in FBS in terms of undergraduate enrollment (behind only Rice, Tulsa and the three FBS United States service academies). It is also the smallest school playing in a Power Five conference.  However, since the start of the 21st century, the Deacons have been mostly competitive, having made ten bowl games in the first two decades.
Johannes Mkolishi Dlamini
Prince Johannes Mkolishi Dlamini (25 December 1928 – 23 December 1988), was a Chief of Embhuleni in Badplaas between September 1954 until his death, at age 59, in December 1988. A great-grandson of King Mswati II, Mkolishi was the son of the previous Chief of Embhuleni, Prince James Maquba Dlamini and his wife Mkhosise Madonsela.

Chief Mkolishi Dlamini succeeded his father Prince Maquba Dlamini as the Chief of Embhuleni royal kraal on 18 September 1953.

Chief of Embhuleni
The Chief of Embhuleni (also Inkosi of Embhuleni) is the traditional leader of Embhuleni, an eSwatini royal village situated in Badplaas, Mpumalanga, South Africa. The Chief presides over the Embhuleni Traditional Council, which represents the community in the South African House of Traditional Leaders. The current Chief of Embhuleni is Prince Cambridge Makhosonke Dlamini, who ascended to the position in December 1988.
Sangetsar Tso
The Sangetsar Tso,
formerly called Shonga-tser Lake and popularly known as the Madhuri Lake, is located on the way from Tawang to Bum La Pass in Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh, near Indo-China border above 3,708 metres (12,165 ft) above sea level.

Tawang
Tawang (Tibetan: རྟ་དབང་, Wylie: Rta-dbang) is a town and administrative headquarter of Tawang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It lies on NH-13 section of Trans-Arunachal Highway. The town was once the headquarter of the Tawang Tract, which is now divided into the Tawang district and the West Kameng district. Tawang continues as the headquarters of the former. Tawang is the number one tourist destination of Arunachal Pradesh.

India occupied Tawang in February 1951 and removed Tibetan administration from the area. China continues to claim Tawang as its territory. It is situated 448 km by road north-west of state capital Itanagar at an elevation of approximately 3,000 metres (10,000 ft). It lies to the north of the Tawang Chu river valley, roughly 10 miles (16 km) south of the Line of Actual Control with China. It is the site of a famous Gelugpa Buddhist Monastery.
KPH (radio station)
KPH is a coast radio station on the Pacific Coast of the United States. For most of the 20th century, it provided ship to shore communications including telegrams (using Morse code) and marine telex service (using radioteletype). The station discontinued commercial operation in 1998, but is operated occasionally as a historic service – its signal can be received over a large portion of the western hemisphere.

Ship to shore telephone calls were not handled by KPH but by other stations such as the nearby AT&T High Seas station KMI.

Coast radio station
A coast (or coastal) radio station (short: coast station) is an onshore maritime radio station which monitors radio distress frequencies and relays ship-to-ship and ship-to-land communications.

A coast station (also:  coast radio station ) is – according to article 1.75 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A land station in the maritime mobile service.»

Coast Radio Station had an important role in the history of wireless radio communication as well as in maritime and war history.

Recent costal radio station provide medical advice services for ships, transmitting meteo messages and navigational warnings (NAV-Notice) on a regular base and all of them do a distress channel watch (DSC-Watch) on VHF Channel 16. Not all stations monitor 2.182 MHz shortwave anymore.
Douki
Tatsuya Hayama (葉山 達也, Hayama Tatsuya; born December 24, 1991), better known by his ring name Douki (stylised in all caps as DOUKI), is a Japanese luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler). He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a member of the House of Torture, he is the current IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion in his second reign.

Douki was a member of Suzuki-gun from 2019 to 2022, and a member of Just 5 Guys from 2023 to 2025.

IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship
The IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship (IWGPジュニアヘビー級王座, IWGP juniahebī-kyū ōza) is a professional wrestling world junior heavyweight championship owned by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion. "IWGP" is the acronym of NJPW's governing body, the International Wrestling Grand Prix (インターナショナル・レスリング・グラン・プリ, intānashonaru resuringu guran puri). Only wrestlers under the junior heavyweight weight-limit may hold the championship. NJPW currently controls two junior heavyweight championships: the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship and the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. The weight-limit for the title is 100 kg (220 lb). The current champion is Douki, who is in his second reign.
Shota (vehicle)
The SHOTA is an Albanian-made mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicle made by TIMAK (Albania). The vehicle is engineered for maximum safety in high-threat environments, featuring a V-hull chassis to deflect blasts and advanced armor for ballistic protection. Equipped with state-of-the-art communication and navigation systems, it ensures operational efficiency and coordination in combat zones.

TIMAK (Albania)
TIMAK is an Albanian machinery and superstructure company, established in 2016. The company is headquartered in Tirana and it has delivered its products in over 20 countries.

Its main production line focuses in repurposing structure to produce police cars and ambulances. It later expanded its production into military vehicles, due to a need for protected military ambulances, including those for Ukraine.

In 2024, they introduced the first MRAP vehicle from Albania named SHOTA, which was developed by women engineers, using a Ford F-550 chassis.
Stellenbosch Local Municipality
Stellenbosch Municipality (Afrikaans: Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit, Xhosa: uMasipala wase Stellenbosch) is the local municipality that governs the towns of Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Pniel, and the surrounding rural areas, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It covers an area of 831 square kilometres (321 sq mi), and as of 2022 had a population of 175,411 people. It falls within the Cape Winelands District Municipality.

Cape Winelands District Municipality
The Cape Winelands District Municipality (Afrikaans: Kaapse Wynland-distriksmunisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Cape Winelands), formerly the Boland District Municipality, is a district municipality located in the Boland region of the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2011, it had a population of 787,490. The largest towns in the municipality are Paarl, Worcester, Stellenbosch and Wellington.
The Puzzle Palace
The Puzzle Palace is a book written by James Bamford and published in 1982. It is the first major, popular work devoted entirely to the history and workings of the National Security Agency (NSA), a United States intelligence organization. The title refers to a nickname for the NSA, which is headquartered in Fort Meade, Maryland. In addition to describing the role of the NSA and explaining how it was organized, the book exposed details of a massive eavesdropping operation called Operation Shamrock. According to security expert Bruce Schneier, the book was popular within the NSA itself, as "the agency's secrecy prevents its employees from knowing much about their own history".

James Bamford
James Bamford (born September 15, 1946) is an American author, journalist and documentary producer noted for his writing about United States intelligence agencies, especially the National Security Agency (NSA). The New York Times has called him "the nation's premier journalist on the subject of the National Security Agency" and The New Yorker named him "the NSA's chief chronicler."

In 2006, he won the National Magazine Award for Reporting for his writing on the war in Iraq published in Rolling Stone.

In 2015 he became the national security columnist for Foreign Policy magazine and he also writes for The New Republic.  His book, The Shadow Factory: The Ultra-Secret NSA From 9/11 to the Eavesdropping on America, became a New York Times bestseller and was named by The Washington Post as one of "The Best Books of the Year."
John Reed (journalist)
John Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist. Reed first gained prominence as a war correspondent during the Mexican Revolution for Metropolitan and World War I for The Masses. He is best known for his coverage of the October Revolution in Petrograd, Russia, which he wrote about in his 1919 book Ten Days That Shook the World.

Reed supported the Soviet takeover of Russia, even briefly taking up arms to join the Red Guards in 1918. He hoped for a similar communist revolution in the United States, and co-founded the short-lived Communist Labor Party of America in 1919. He died in Moscow of spotted typhus in 1920. At the time of his death, he may have soured on the Soviet leadership, but he was given a hero's burial by the Soviet Union and is one of only five Americans buried at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

Metropolitan Magazine (New York City)
Metropolitan was an American magazine, published monthly from 1895 to 1925 in New York City. Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was editor of the magazine during World War I when it focused on politics and literature. It was sometimes named, or called, Metropolitan Magazine or The Metropolitan, and its final issues were published as Macfadden's Fiction-Lover's Magazine.
Nemean Games
The Nemean Games (Ancient Greek: Νέμεα or Νέμεια) were one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, and were held at Nemea every two years (or every third).

With the Isthmian Games, the Nemean Games were held both the year before and the year after the Ancient Olympic Games and the Pythian Games in the third year of the Olympiad cycle. Like the Olympic Games, they were held in honour of Zeus. They were said to have been founded by Heracles after he defeated the Nemean lion; another myth said that they originated as the funeral games of a child named Opheltes. However, they are known to have existed only since the 6th century BC (from 573 BC, or earlier). The winners received a wreath of wild celery leaves from the city of Argos.

Nemea
Nemea (/ˈniːmiə/; Ancient Greek: Νεμέα; Ionic Greek: Νεμέη) is an ancient site in the northeastern part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. Formerly part of the territory of Cleonae in ancient Argolis, it is today situated in the regional unit of Corinthia. The small village of Archaia Nemea (formerly known as "Iraklion") is immediately southwest of the archaeological site, while the new town of Nemea lies to the west.

In Greek mythology, Nemea was the location of Heracles's battle with the Nemean Lion, and in antiquity it was site of the Nemean Games (ending c. 235 BC), which were celebrated in the eleven Nemean odes of Pindar.
House of Griffin
The House of Griffin or Griffin dynasty, (German: Greifen; Polish: Gryfici, Danish: Grif; Latin: Gryphes), or House of Pomerania (see § Name of the Dynasty), was a dynasty ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms. Duke Wartislaw I (died 1135) was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania, who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV, who died during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia, Sweden and Poland. Duchess Anna von Croy, daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and the last member of the House of Griffin, died in 1660.

Anna of Pomerania
Anna of Pomerania (also known as Anne de Croy et Aerschot, Anna von Croy und Aerschot, Anna von Pommern) (3 October 1590, Barth - 7 July 1660, Stolp) was Duchess-Consort of Croy and Havré, and allodial heiress of the extinct ruling house of the Duchy of Pomerania.