hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
7th Dalai Lama
The 7th Dalai Lama, Kelzang Gyatso (Tibetan: བསྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ, Wylie: bskal bzang rgya mtsho, also spelled Kalzang Gyatso, Kelsang Gyatso and Kezang Gyatso) (1708–1757), was recognized as the authentic 7th Dalai Lama of Tibet. He was seen as the true incarnation of the 6th Dalai Lama, and was enthroned after a pretender supported by the Koshut Khan was deposed.

The 7th Dalai Lama was widely regarded as a great scholar, a prolific writer and a poet. His collected works run seven volumes and contain numerous commentaries, liturgical works as well as many religious poems.

Yeshe Gyatso
Yeshe Gyatso (Wylie: Ye shes rgya mtsho) (1686–1725) was a pretender for the position of the 6th Dalai Lama of Tibet. Declared by Lha-bzang Khan of the Khoshut Khanate on June 28, 1707, he was the only unofficial Dalai Lama. While praised for his personal moral qualities, he was not recognized by the bulk of the Tibetans and Mongols and is not counted in the official list of the Dalai Lamas.
Owarai
Owarai (お笑い) is a broad word used to describe Japanese comedy as seen on television. The word owarai is the honorific form of the word warai (by adding o- prefix), meaning "a laugh" or "a smile". Owarai is most common on Japanese variety shows and the comedians are referred to as owarai geinin or owarai tarento. Presently Japan is considered to be in an "owarai boom", and many minor talents have been finding sudden fame after a gag or skit became popular.

Glossary of owarai terms
The following glossary of words and terms (generally of Japanese origin) are related to owarai (Japanese comedy).  Many of these terms may be used in areas of Japanese culture beyond comedy, including television and radio, music. Some have been incorporated into normal Japanese speech.
SM UC-61
SM UC-61 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 12 January 1916, laid down on 3 April 1916, and was launched on 11 November 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 13 December 1916 as SM UC-61. In five patrols UC-61 was credited with sinking or damaging 12 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-61 was stranded at Wissant, south of Calais on 26 July 1917 on her way to mine Newhaven. The U-boat's crew flooded and scuttled their ship before surrendering to French authorities. The wreckage silted up but in some years becomes visible at low tide offshore in Wissant. As of 24 January 2019, the submarine had been partially visible since December 2018, and some locals were hopeful that due to shifting winds and tides, the submarine would be visible more often.

Type UC II submarine
The Type UC II submarine was a class of coastal minelaying U-boats designed and built for the Imperial German Navy during World War I. They were a significant improvement over the preceding Type UC I in armament, range and seaking abilities. Construction began in 1915 and by mid-1917 64 Type UC II had been delivered by five shipyards in ten different batches, which had variations in dimensions and performance. By the end of the war, 46 Type UC II were lost. The Type UC II was a very successful design combining torpedo, deck gun and mine armament with a sufficient performance and range to operate around Great Britain. A succeeding Type UC III was ordered and built in large numbers but came too late to see service in World War I.
Parque Colón
Parque Colón (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaɾke koˈlon]; lit. 'Columbus Park') is the central square of the Ciudad Colonial historic district of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In its center stands a statue of Christopher Columbus, in whose honor the square was renamed in 1887. Previously the square was known as Plaza Mayor.

Monuments bordering the square include the Catedral de Santa Maria la Menor, Santo Domingo's  Palace, and the Palacio Borgella, which once hosted the Dominican Republic's Parliament. Calle del Conde, once the thriving commercial heart of Santo Domingo, starts from Parque Colón and runs to the Puerta del Conde. At the beginning of Calle del Conde is a bust of Bartholomew Columbus, Christopher's brother and the founder of Santo Domingo.

Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)
Ciudad Colonial (Spanish pronunciation: [sjuˈðað koloˈnjal]; lit. 'Colonial City') is the historic central neighborhood of the Dominican Republic's capital Santo Domingo. It is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the Americas. The area has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It is also known as Zona Colonial (Colonial Zone) or more colloquially as "La Zona" (The Zone).

The Ciudad Colonial is located on the west bank of the Ozama River, which bisects the city. It covers 1.06 km2 (0.41 sq mi) bounded by a walled perimeter. It is an important section of the city due to the high number of landmarks, including Alcázar de Colón, Fortaleza Ozama, Catedral de Santa María la Menor, and others. The area is the main tourist attraction of Santo Domingo, even though the main sites of governmental and commercial activity are now in the more modern parts of the city.
The Alf Garnett Saga
The Alf Garnett Saga is a 1972 British comedy film directed by Bob Kellett and starring Warren Mitchell, Dandy Nichols, Paul Angelis and Adrienne Posta. The film was the second spin-off from the BBC TV series Till Death Us Do Part (1965–1975). It starts where the first film finished, but with Angelis and Posta now playing Mike and Rita, the roles previously played by Anthony Booth and Una Stubbs.

Producer Ned Sherrin said the film "was memorable for a close-up chance to observe the detail which Warren Mitchell and Dandy Nichols put into their characterisations, for a gallery of cameos, and for two curious guest appearances by the football stars Bobby Moore and George Best."

Till Death Us Do Part (film)
Till Death Us Do Part (also known as Alf'n' Family) is a 1968 British comedy film directed by Norman Cohen, written by Johnny Speight, and starring Warren Mitchell and Dandy Nichols. It was based on the BBC television series of the same name created by Speight. A sequel, The Alf Garnett Saga, followed in 1972.

The success of the film inspired a series of feature films based on British sitcoms.
1452/1453 mystery eruption
A mysterious volcanic eruption in 1452 or 1453 triggered the first large sulfate spike in the 1450s, succeeded by another spike in 1458 caused by another mysterious eruption. The eruption caused a severe volcanic winter, leading to one of the strongest cooling events in the Northern Hemisphere. This date also coincides with a substantial intensification of the Little Ice Age.

1458 mystery eruption
There are two large sulfate spikes caused by mystery volcanic eruptions in the mid-1400s: the 1452/1453 mystery eruption and 1458 mystery eruption. Before 2012, the date of 1458 sulfate spike was incorrectly assigned to be 1452 because previous ice core work had poor time resolution. The exact location of this eruption is uncertain, but possible candidates include the submerged caldera of Kuwae in the Coral Sea, Mount Reclus and Tofua caldera. The eruption is believed to have been VEI-7.
Ultima: Runes of Virtue
Ultima: Runes of Virtue a spin-off from the Ultima series released for the Game Boy in 1991. Runes of Virtue is Richard Garriott's favorite non-PC Ultima game because it was built from the ground up as a Game Boy game, unlike previous console Ultima games which were ports from the PC. A sequel, Ultima: Runes of Virtue II, was released in 1993.

Ultima (series)
Ultima is a series of open world fantasy role-playing video games from Origin Systems, created by Richard Garriott. Electronic Arts has owned the brand since 1992. The series had sold over 2 million copies by 1997.

Alongside Wizardry and Might and Magic, the Ultima series is considered to have established many norms of the computer role-playing game genre. Several games of the series are considered seminal in their genre. Their innovations, particularly in the early installments, were widely copied by other games.

The Ultima games are primarily within the scope of fantasy fiction but contain science fiction elements as well. They take place for the most part in a world called Britannia; the recurring hero is initially called the Stranger, until he attains the role of Avatar in Ultima IV and is known by that appellation from then on.
Advanced Combat Helmet
The Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) is the United States Army's current combat helmet, used since the early 2000s. It was developed by the U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center, the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory to be the next generation of protective combat helmets for use by the American ground forces. The ACH is derived from the Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH).

The ACH is currently in the process of being phased out and replaced by the Enhanced Combat Helmet (ECH), an improvement upon the ACH derived from its design; however, both the ACH and the newer ECH are being replaced by the Integrated Head Protection System (IHPS).

Modular Integrated Communications Helmet
The Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH) is a U.S. combat helmet and one of several used by the country's military. It was developed by the United States Army Soldier Systems Center to be the next generation of protective combat helmets for use by the U.S. Army.
Land Rover Wolf
The Land Rover Wolf is a light military vehicle manufactured by Land Rover in the United Kingdom (UK), based on the Land Rover Defender, introduced in 1994. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) designates the Wolf 90 (short wheelbase) as Truck Utility Light (TUL) HS, and the Wolf 110 (long wheelbase) as Truck Utility Medium (TUM) HS, where HS stands for 'High Specification'. Land Rover calls it eXtra Duty (XD).

The 1992 Snatch Land Rover, fitted with composite armour for ballistic protection, does not use the same 'heavy duty' chassis.

Snatch Land Rover
The Snatch Land Rover is a protected patrol vehicle based on the Land Rover Defender 110 chassis. Intended for general patrolling in low-threat areas, the vehicle was developed in 1992 for use in Northern Ireland. It provides a limited degree of small arms protection for occupants and a limited level of protection from Improvised Explosive Devices and off-route mines.

The vehicle has been criticised as occupant deaths have resulted from kinetic attacks which exceeded the level of protection available.
Lot (biblical person)
Lot (/lɒt/; Hebrew: לוֹט Lōṭ, lit. "veil" or "covering"; Greek: Λώτ Lṓt; Arabic: لُوط Lūṭ; Syriac: ܠܘܛ Lōṭ) was a notable figure mentioned in the biblical Book of Genesis, chapters 11–14 and 19 and other scriptures. Important events in his life recorded in Genesis include his journey with his uncle Abraham; his flight from the annihilation of Sodom and Gomorrah, during which his wife became a pillar of salt. He is regarded as the parental ancestor of Ammonites and Moabites, the enemies of Israelites.

Moab
Moab (/ˈmoʊæb/) was an ancient Levantine kingdom whose territory is today located in southern Jordan. The land is mountainous and lies alongside much of the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. The existence of the Kingdom of Moab is attested to by numerous archaeological findings, most notably the Mesha Stele, which describes the Moabite victory over an unnamed son of King Omri of Israel, an episode also noted in 2 Kings 3. The Moabite capital was Dibon. According to the Hebrew Bible, Moab was often in conflict with its Israelite neighbours to the west.
Lublin R-XVIII
The Lublin R-XVIII (otherwise known as Lublin R.XVIII) was a Polish heavy bomber project, created by Jerzy Rudlicki of the Plage i Laśkiewicz factory in Lublin, based on the earlier unsuccessful Lublin R-VII Odwet design of 1924, following the specification for a "retribution bomber" by the Polish Ministry of Military Affairs.

Lublin R-VII
Lublin R-VII Odwet (English: Revenge) was a Polish heavy bomber design created by the Plage i Laśkiewicz factory in Lublin. One of the first heavy aircraft under the Lublin brand, it was designed following a 1924 specification for a "retribution bomber" by the Polish Ministry of Military Affairs. The project, led by Jerzy Rudlicki was a trimotor high-wing mixed-construction aeroplane with heavy defensive armament. The design was submitted to the ministry in 1924, but it was lost by the mail service. As no Polish aircraft factory was deemed experienced enough to build large, complicated bombers, the newly created 2nd Destroyer Squadron of the 1st Air Regiment was equipped with 32 Farman Goliath bombers bought in France. No drawings of the R-VII have survived, but it is known that the later Lublin R-XVIII was based on it.

This aircraft should not be confused with Lublin R-XI and Lublin R-XVI, both based on Fokker F.VII passenger plane, license-built in Poland by the same manufacturer.
John Paul Jr. (racing driver)
John Lee Paul Jr. (February 19, 1960 – December 29, 2020) was an American racing driver. He competed in CART and the Indy Racing League competitions, but primarily in IMSA GT Championship, winning the title in 1982.

During his career, Paul was a twice winner of the 24 Hours of Daytona, the first of these was while co-driving with his father, John Paul Sr. A few weeks later, the pair won the 1982 12 Hours of Sebring. Paul also triumphed in another major U.S. race, the 1983 Michigan 500.

Beside racing with his father, Paul also joined his father in criminal activities, in particular a drug smuggling operation.  In May 1986, Paul Jr. received a five-year sentence for racketeering, with the drug charges dropped. Paul Sr. was found guilty, served time for a number of crimes, and disappeared in 2001.

John Paul Sr. (racing driver)
John Lee Paul (born Johan Leendert Paul, Dutch: [ˈjoːɦɑn ləˈʔɛndərt ˈpʌul], on March 12, 1939, disappeared in 2001) is or was an American fugitive, convicted felon and former racing driver and  known as John Paul Sr. in the motorsport scene. In 1982 he and his son John Paul Jr. (1960–2020) won both U.S. classic endurance races, 24 Hours of Daytona and 12 Hours of Sebring. After his racing career he served a fifteen-year prison sentence for a variety of crimes including drug trafficking and shooting a federal witness. In 2001, he disappeared on his boat while being sought for questioning by officials regarding the disappearance of his ex-girlfriend. Paul's status is unknown.
Naushon Island
Naushon Island is the largest of the Elizabeth Islands in southeastern Massachusetts. It is part of the town of Gosnold, Massachusetts, and is owned by the Forbes family. As of the 2000 census, the island had a permanent population of 30 people.

The island is seven miles (11 km) long and 7.4 square miles in land area (19.18 km2). It is separated from Cape Cod by a narrow strait and the smaller islands of Uncatena and Nonamesset, and is located four statute miles (6 km) northwest of Martha's Vineyard.

Elizabeth Islands
The Elizabeth Islands is an archipelago extending southwest from Cape Cod. They include over 20 small islands located at the outer edge of Buzzards Bay, north of Martha's Vineyard from which they are separated by Vineyard Sound. The Elizabeth Islands constitute the town of Gosnold in Dukes County, Massachusetts, based on the outermost island of Cuttyhunk, where most of the year-round population resides. All islands except for Cuttyhunk and Penikese are privately owned by the Forbes family.
Wincrange
Wincrange (French pronunciation: [vɛ̃kʁɑ̃ʒ]; Luxembourgish: Wëntger; German: Wintger) is a commune and village in northern Luxembourg, in the canton of Clervaux. The commune is the largest in Luxembourg by geographic area.

Wincrange was formed on 1 January 1978 from the former communes of Asselborn, Boevange, Hachiville, and Oberwampach, all in Clervaux canton.  The law creating Wincrange was passed on 31 October 1977.

As of 2025, the village of Wincrange, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 239.

Boevange
Boevange (French pronunciation: [bøvɑ̃ʒ]; Luxembourgish: Béigen, German: Böwingen [ˈbøːvɪŋən]) is a village in the commune of Wincrange, in northern Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the village had a population of 332.

Boevange was a commune in the canton of Clervaux until 1 January 1978, when it was merged with the communes of Asselborn, Hachiville, and Oberwampach to form the new commune of Wincrange.  The law creating Wincrange was passed on 31 October 1977.
Dirac structure
In mathematics a Dirac structure is a geometric structure generalizing both symplectic structures and Poisson structures, and having several applications to mechanics. It is based on the notion of the Dirac bracket constraint introduced by Paul Dirac and was first introduced by Ted Courant and Alan Weinstein.

Poisson manifold
In differential geometry, a field in mathematics, a Poisson manifold is a smooth manifold endowed with a Poisson structure. The notion of Poisson manifold generalises that of symplectic manifold, which in turn generalises the phase space from Hamiltonian mechanics.

A Poisson structure (or Poisson bracket) on a smooth manifold  is a functionon the vector space  of smooth functions on , making it into a Lie algebra subject to a Leibniz rule (also known as a Poisson algebra).

Poisson structures on manifolds were introduced by André Lichnerowicz in 1977 and are named after the French mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson, due to their early appearance in his works on analytical mechanics.

Poisson geometry can be regarded as a combination of foliation theory, symplectic geometry, and Lie theory. A Poisson manifold foliates. Each leaf of the foliation has a symplectic structure. The leaves are connected transversely through Lie geometry.
Albany, Florida and Northern Railway
The Albany, Florida and Northern Railway (AF&N) was chartered in 1889 and built a railway between Albany and Cordele, Georgia, beginning operation in 1891.  The following year the line was leased to the Savannah, Americus and Montgomery Railway (SA&M), who was responsible for obtaining the charter to begin with.

When the SA&M entered receivership in 1892 and was sold under foreclosure in 1895, the AF&N was spun off as a separate independent company, the Albany and Northern Railway.

Savannah, Americus and Montgomery Railway
The Savannah, Americus and Montgomery Railway (SA&M) was a historic railroad located in the U.S. states of Georgia and Alabama.  SA&M was built in the 1880s running between Montgomery, Alabama and Lyons, Georgia.  It would be completed to Savannah, Georgia in 1896 after being renamed the Georgia and Alabama Railway.  The line would notably become part of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad network in 1900.
Northern States Power Company
Northern States Power Company (NYSE: NSP) was a publicly traded S&P 500 electric and natural gas utility holding company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, that is now a subsidiary of Xcel Energy (NYSE: XEL).

Xcel Energy
Xcel Energy Inc. is a U.S. regulated electric utility and natural gas delivery company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, serving approximately 3.9 million electricity customers and 2.2 million natural gas customers across parts of eight states as of mid-2025. It consists of four operating subsidiaries: Northern States Power-Minnesota, Northern States Power-Wisconsin, Public Service Company of Colorado, and Southwestern Public Service Co.

In December 2018, Xcel Energy announced it would deliver 100 percent clean, carbon-free electricity by 2050, with an 80 percent carbon reduction by 2035 (from 2005 levels). This makes Xcel the first major US utility to set such a goal.
Pilgrim: Faith as a Weapon
Pilgrim: Faith as a Weapon is a 1997 adventure video game, written by Paulo Coelho, who wrote The Pilgrimage, the novel on which the game is based. Pilgrim has been described as a "commercial cultural heritage game" and "graphic interactive fiction". It is the premiere title of Arxel Tribe and the first in an adventure trilogy, which also includes The Legend of the Prophet and the Assassin (1999) and The Secrets of Alamut (2001).

The Legend of the Prophet and the Assassin
The Legend of the Prophet and the Assassin is an adventure game by Arxel Tribe. It is the sequel to Pilgrim: Faith as a Weapon. It was released in October 2000 for Windows. The game is inspired by the work of Brazilian novelist Paulo Coelho. A sequel, The Secrets of Alamût was released in March 2001.

The two games were later released as one game by DreamCatcher Interactive in North America under The Legend of the Prophet and the Assassin title. The first game was called Part 1 and The Secrets of Alamût was called Part 2.
CP/M-86
CP/M-86 is a discontinued version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research (DR) made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088. The system commands are the same as in CP/M-80. Executable files used the relocatable .CMD file format. Digital Research also produced a multi-user multitasking operating system compatible with CP/M-86, MP/M-86, which later evolved into Concurrent CP/M-86. When an emulator was added to provide PC DOS compatibility, the system was renamed Concurrent DOS, which later became Multiuser DOS, of which REAL/32 is the latest incarnation. The FlexOS, DOS Plus, and DR DOS families of operating systems started as derivations of Concurrent DOS as well.

MP/M
MP/M (Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program) is a discontinued multi-user version of the CP/M operating system, created by Digital Research developer Tom Rolander in 1979. It allowed multiple users to connect to a single computer, each using a separate terminal.

MP/M was a fairly advanced operating system for its era, at least on microcomputers. It included a priority-scheduled multitasking kernel (before such a name was used, the kernel was referred to as the nucleus) with memory protection, concurrent input/output (XIOS) and support for spooling and queueing. It also allowed for each user to run multiple programs, and switch between them.
BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, sometimes abbreviated to BBC Yorks & Lincs, is the name for the BBC's twelfth English Region, based in Kingston upon Hull and created from the division of the former BBC North region, based in Leeds (now known as BBC Yorkshire). The primary transmitter is located at Belmont and covers East Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, north west Norfolk and eastern parts of Nottinghamshire.

BBC Yorkshire
BBC Yorkshire is one of the English regions of the BBC. It was formed from the division of the former BBC North region into BBC Yorkshire and BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, based in Kingston upon Hull. Serving West, North and South Yorkshire and the north Midlands.
Nh. Dini
Nurhayati Srihardini Siti Nukatin Coffin (29 February 1936 – 4 December 2018), better known by her pen name Nh. Dini (sometimes NH Dini in English), was an Indonesian novelist and feminist. She was the mother of Pierre Coffin, a French director and animator known for the Despicable Me franchise. She was one of the recipient of the literature award from the SEA Write Award in 2003.

Pierre Coffin
Pierre-Louis Padang Coffin (born 16 March 1967) is a French animator, director, producer, writer, and voice actor. He is best known for co-directing the first four installments in the Despicable Me franchise and being the primary voice of all of the Minions, which won him the Kids Family Award at the 10th Seiyu Awards. He also received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for Despicable Me 2.