hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newfoundland Growlers
The Newfoundland Growlers were a  professional minor league ice hockey team in the ECHL based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The team began play in the 2018–19 season with home games held at Mary Brown's Centre. They were affiliated with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL) and Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League (AHL). The ECHL terminated the team's membership in 2024 for failure to fulfill league bylaws.

Mary Brown's Centre
Mary Brown's Centre (formerly Mile One Centre) is an indoor arena and entertainment venue located in Downtown St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The arena opened in May, 2001, replacing Memorial Stadium. At full capacity the arena can seat 7,000 people.

The arena is currently home to the Newfoundland Rogues of the BSL, the St. John's Jr. Caps of the SJJHL, the St. John's Sr. Caps of the AESHL, and the Newfoundland Regiment of the QMJHL.
Île d'Ogoz
The Île d'Ogoz (French pronunciation: [il dɔɡo]; Arpitan: Ila d’Ôgo) is an island in the Lake of Gruyère, located in the canton of Fribourg. It has a length of 130 metres and a width of about 70 metres. Its highest point is 688 metres above sea level or 11 metres above lake level (677 m). The distance from the shore is 160 metres. On the island are a ruined castle and a church.

Before the completion of the Rossens Dam in 1948, it was a promontory overlooking the valley of the Saane/Sarine. It then became an island after the valley was flooded. When the level of the lake is at its lowest, the island becomes a 500-metre-long peninsula accessible to pedestrians.

Politically the island belongs to the municipality of Pont-en-Ogoz in the district of Gruyère.

Lake of Gruyère
Lake of Gruyère (French: Lac de la Gruyère [lak də la ɡʁɥijɛʁ]; German: Greyerzersee) is an artificial lake in the La Gruyère region of the Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland.

The reservoir was formed between the cities of Bulle and Fribourg, by building the Rossens Dam on the Sarine river in 1948. The arch dam has a height of 83 m and a crest length of 320 m. The reservoir filled in about four months after completion. The dam is operated by the Groupe E SA.

The remains of the castle of Pont (or Pont-en-Ogoz) and a chapel are located on the Ile d'Ogoz, one of the five islets in the lake.

The "Viaduc du Lac de Gruyère" of the A12 motorway was built in the 1970s. The bridge has a total length of 2043 m and crosses three valleys, including two arms of the lake.
Commission on Justice in Wales
The Commission on Justice in Wales (Welsh: Y Comisiwn ar Cyfiawnder yng Nghymru), also known as the Thomas Commission (after the commission's head John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd), was a commission set up by the Welsh government to review the justice system in Wales between December 2017 and October 2019. The commission recommended the responsibilities of the justice system in Wales be devolved, data become Wales-specific and the establishment of a Welsh Criminal Justice Board.

John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd
Roger John Laugharne Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd, PC FLSW (born Carmarthen, 22 October 1947) is a British judge. He served as Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales from 2013 to 2017. He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher.
3rd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment
The 3rd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment (French: 3e Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine, 3e RPIMa) is one of the airborne force regiments of the Troupes de Marine. It is heir to the 3rd Colonial Commando Parachute Battalion created in 1948 and the 3rd Colonial Parachute Regiment . The regiment is part of the 11th Parachute Brigade.

The battalion filled the ranks with the thousands throughout the various campaign battle courses of dissolutions and reformations. The battalions of this regiment are heir to the 1st Colonial Parachute Commando Demi-Brigade, another heir of the paratroopers of Free France, the Demi-Brigade of the SAS, of the Parachute Choc Groupment Battalions, whose regimental colors was decorated with the Légion d'honneur in July 1954.

11th Parachute Brigade (France)
The 11th Parachute Brigade (French: 11e Brigade Parachutiste, 11e BP) is one of the French Army's airborne forces brigade, predominantly light infantry, part of the French paratrooper units and specialized in air assault, airborne operations, combined arms, and commando style raids. The brigade's primary vocation is to project in emergency in order to contribute a first response to a situational crisis. An elite unit of the French Army, the brigade is commanded by a général de brigade (Brigadier General) with headquarters in Balma near Toulouse. The brigade's soldiers and airborne Marines wear the red beret (amaranth) except for the Legionnaires of the 2ème REP who wear the green beret.

The 11th Parachute Brigade, originally the 11th Light Intervention Division (11e DLI), was created from airborne units of the 10th Parachute Division 10e D.P and 25th Parachute Division 25e D.P, both dissolved following the Algiers putsch of 1961 during the Algerian War.
Hyperprolinemia
Hyperprolinemia is a condition which occurs when the amino acid proline is not broken down properly by the enzymes proline oxidase or pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, causing a buildup of proline in the body.

Proline oxidase
Proline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRODH gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase which catalyzes the first step in proline catabolism. Deletion of this gene has been associated with type I hyperprolinemia. The gene is located on chromosome 22q11.21, a region which has also been associated with the contiguous gene deletion syndromes: DiGeorge syndrome and CATCH22 syndrome.
Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans
Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans (Marie Louise Adélaïde; 13 August 1698 – 10 February 1743) was the second daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Françoise Marie de Bourbon, a legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. She was an Abbess of Chelles.

Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans
Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Berry (born Marie Louise Élisabeth, Mademoiselle d'Orléans; 20 August 1695 – 21 July 1719) was Duchess of Berry by marriage to the French prince Charles, Duke of Berry. She is known affectionately by the moniker "Joufflotte".
Middle Juba
Middle Juba (Somali: Jubbada Dhexe, Arabic: جوبا الأوسط, Italian: Medio Giuba) is an administrative region (gobol) in southern Somalia. With its capital at Bu'aale, it is located in the autonomous Jubaland region.

Middle Juba is bordered by the Somali regions of Gedo, Bay, Lower Shabelle (Shabellaha Hoose), and Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) and the Indian Ocean. The region is named after the Jubba River that runs through it.

The region has agricultural production, and its products are sesame, corn, millet, beans, and large fruits.

Middle Juba is the only region in Somalia to be fully controlled by Al-Shabaab, a militant Islamic extremist group. As of 2022, Middle Juba has the lowest Human Development Index score in the world out of 1,790 subnational regions.

Administrative divisions of Somalia
As Somalia is officially a federal republic, the country is divided into seven federal member states, 18 administrative regions (gobollo, singular gobol), and 72 districts. (plural degmooyin; singular degmo)
Bergstraße (route)
The Bergstraße (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁkˌʃtʁaːsə] ⓘ, lit. 'Mountain Road') is an 80-kilometre-long (50 mi) ancient trade route in the south-west of Germany, running north‒south from Darmstadt via Heidelberg to Wiesloch. The route and the area around it is a mountainous "theme route" running north–south along the western edge of the Odenwald forest in southern Hesse and northern Baden-Württemberg.
The route passes through the Bergstraße administrative district, and independent viticultural regions of Hessische Bergstraße and Badische Bergstraße. Between the cities of Heidelberg and Weinheim the Upper Rhine Railway Company (OEG) tram route runs alongside.

Bergstraße (district)
Bergstraße (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁkˌʃtʁaːsə] ⓘ, lit. 'Mountain Road') is a Kreis (district) in the south of Hesse, Germany. It is at the northern end of the Bergstraße route. Neighboring districts are Groß-Gerau, Darmstadt-Dieburg, Odenwaldkreis, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, the urban district Mannheim, the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, and the urban district of Worms. Kreis Bergstraße belongs both to the Rhine Neckar Area and the Rhein-Main Region.
Tulum Stela 1
Tulum Stela 1 is the name of a Mayan engraved monolith that was found at the ancient Mesoamerican site of Tulum in Mexico. Known for its important inscription, the stela was purchased by the British Museum in 1924.

Tulum
Tulum (Spanish pronunciation: [tuˈlun]; Yucatec Maya: Tulu'um) is the site of a pre-Columbian Mayan walled city which served as a major port for Coba, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The ruins are situated on 12-meter-tall (39 ft) cliffs along the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula on the Caribbean Sea. Tulum was one of the last cities built and inhabited by the Maya and achieved its greatest prominence between the 13th and 15th centuries. Maya continued to occupy Tulum for about 70 years after the Spanish began exploring Mexico, but the city was abandoned by the end of the 16th century. Tulum is one of the best-preserved coastal Maya sites, and today it is a popular site for tourists.
Ana-Neda
Ana-Neda (Bulgarian Анна-Неда and Serbian Cyrillic: Ана-Неда[a]; fl. 1323–1324) was the Empress consort of Bulgaria briefly in 1323–1324 as the spouse of "Despot of Vidin" Michael Asen III "Shishman" who was elected as Emperor of Bulgaria in 1323 and Empress of Bulgaria during the 1330 - 1331. Some historians believe that she may have ruled as regent for her son, but this hypothesis is meaning as controversial. She was the daughter of Serbian King Stefan Uroš II Milutin and Princess Elizabeth Arpad, daughter of King Stephen V of Hungary and Elizabeth the Kuman, a daughter of Köten. From the marriage with Michael Asen III, Anna had at least four sons, one of whom was Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria, later probably briefly the Emperor of Bulgaria (1330–1331), by some historians.

Stefan Milutin
Stefan Uroš II Milutin (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош II Милутин, romanized: Stefan Uroš II Milutin; c. 1253 – 29 October 1321), known posthumously as "the Holy King" (Свети краљ), was the King of Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages and one of the most prominent European monarchs of his time. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Union of Lyons in 1274. During his reign, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30.
Imputed income
Imputed income is the accession to wealth that can be attributed, or imputed, to a person when they avoid paying for services by providing the services to themselves, or when the person avoids paying rent for durable goods by owning the durable goods, as in the case of imputed rent.

Theory of imputation
The theory of imputation is based on the so-called theory of factors of production proposed by the French economist Jean-Baptiste Say and elaborated by the American economist John Bates Clark in his work The Distribution of Wealth (1899; Russian translation, 1934). The proponents of the theory of imputation see its main task as elucidating which parts of wealth may be attributed (imputed) to labor and capital, respectively.
Feltham marshalling yard
Feltham marshalling yard, also known as Feltham hump yard, was a large railway marshalling yard designed for the concentration of freight traffic to and from South West London, and for transfer to other marshalling yards in London.  It was built on the Waterloo–Reading line. It opened in 1918 and was closed by British Railways on 6 January 1969.

Part of the site is now being rebuilt to stable Class 701 electric multiple unit trains for South Western Railway (SWR).

South Western Railway
South Western Railway Limited,  trading as South Western Railway (SWR), is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter services from its Central London terminus at London Waterloo to south west London, suburban services in the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, Berkshire and Dorset, as well as regional services in Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire. Under the Island Line brand, it operates services on the Isle of Wight.

SWR took over the services from the franchise operator of the same name owned by FirstGroup and MTR Corporation on 25 May 2025.
MG 08
The MG 08 (German: Maschinengewehr 08, lit. 'Machine gun 08') is a heavy machine gun (HMG) which served as the standard HMG of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was an adaptation of Hiram Maxim's 1884 Maxim gun design, and was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 also saw service during World War II in the infantry divisions of the German Army, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate "fortress" units.

Designated after 1908, the year it was adopted by the Imperial German Army, the MG 08 was a development of the license-made MG 01, which was a slight development of the MG 99 The MG 08's rate of fire depends on the lock assembly used and averages 500 rounds per minute for the Schloss 08 and 600 rounds per minute for the Schloss 16. Additional telescopic sights were also developed and used in large quantities during World War I to enable the MG 08 to be used in long-range direct fire and indirect fire support roles.

Bergmann MG 15nA machine gun
The Bergmann MG 15nA was a World War I light machine gun produced by Germany starting in 1915. It used 100- and 200-round belts and utilized a bipod, which allowed the weapon to be mounted on a flat surface for more accurate firing.
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1977–1980
This is a list of members of the 42nd Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1977 to 1980, as elected at the 1977 state election held 12 November 1977.

1  On 13 September 1978, the Liberal member for Sherwood, John Herbert, resigned due to ill health (he died on 30 October). Liberal candidate Angus Innes won the resulting by-election on 25 November 1978.

2  On 7 August 1979, the National member for Redcliffe, Jim Houghton, resigned. Liberal candidate Terry White won the resulting by-election on 1 September 1979.

3  On 8 August 1979, the National member for Gympie, Max Hodges, resigned. National candidate Len Stephan won the resulting by-election on 1 September 1979.

1977 Queensland state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 12 November 1977 to elect the 82 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.

The election resulted in a fourth consecutive victory for the National–Liberal Coalition under Joh Bjelke-Petersen. It was the eighth victory of the National Party in Queensland since it first came to office in 1957.
Buñuel in the Labyrinth of the Turtles
Buñuel in the Labyrinth of the Turtles (Spanish: Buñuel en el laberinto de las tortugas) is a 2018 Spanish adult animated biographical drama film directed by Salvador Simó and written by Simó & Eligio R. Montero based on the graphic novel Buñuel en el laberinto de las tortugas by Fermín Solís, about film director Luis Buñuel making the 1933 film Land Without Bread. In August 2019, it was shortlisted as one of the three films in contention to be the Spanish entry for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film at the 92nd Academy Awards, but lost to Pain and Glory.

Land Without Bread
Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan (English: Land Without Bread or Unpromised Land) is a 1933 French-language Spanish pseudo-documentary (ethnofiction) directed by Luis Buñuel and co-produced by Buñuel and Ramón Acin. The narration was written by Buñuel, Rafael Sánchez Ventura, and Pierre Unik, with cinematography by Eli Lotar.
Alexandra DeWitt
Alexandra DeWitt is a fictional a character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She is the girlfriend of Kyle Rayner before he receives the Green Lantern power ring from Ganthet. She is best known, however, as the murder victim whose manner of disposal led writer Gail Simone to coin the phrase "women in refrigerators". DeWitt first appears with Kyle at the end of Green Lantern vol. 3, #48 (January 1994).

Women in refrigerators
"Women in refrigerators" is a term coined by Gail Simone in 1999 to describe a literary trope which involves female characters facing disproportionate harm, such as death, maiming, or assault, to serve as plot devices to motivate male characters, an event colloquially known as "fridging". Simone's original list of over 100 affected female characters, published on the "Women in Refrigerators" website, sparked discussions on sexism in pop culture and the comic-book industry. The trope's influence extends beyond comics, with critiques of its presence in film and television franchises. Notably, author Catherynne M. Valente, inspired by Gwen Stacy's portrayal in The Amazing Spider-Man 2, wrote The Refrigerator Monologues, addressing the trope's impact on female characters in superhero narratives.
Bell-Northern Research
Bell-Northern Research (BNR) was a telecommunications research and development company  established In 1971 when  Bell Canada and Northern Electric combined their R&D organizations. It was jointly owned by Bell Canada and Northern Telecom. BNR was absorbed into Nortel Networks when that company changed its name from Northern Telecom in the mid-1990s.

BNR was based at the Carling Campus in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with campuses at locations around the world, including Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Richardson, Texas; Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Harlow and Maidenhead, United Kingdom. Bell-Northern Research pioneered the development of digital technology, and created the first practical digital PBX, (SL1), and central office (DMS). Under the direction of then Nortel Chief Executive Officer, John Roth, BNR lost its separate identity in the 1990s, and was folded into the Nortel R&D organization.

Nortel Meridian
Nortel Meridian is a private branch exchange telephone switching system. It provides advanced voice features, data connectivity, LAN communications, computer telephony integration (CTI), and information services for communication applications ranging from 60 to 80,000 lines.
The Idea (1932 film)
The Idea (French: L'Idée) is a 1932 French animated film by Austro-Hungarian filmmaker Berthold Bartosch (1893–1968), based on the 1920 wordless novel of the same name by Flemish artist Frans Masereel (1889–1972).  The protagonist is a naked woman who represents a thinker's idea; as she goes out into the world, the frightened authorities unsuccessfully try to cover up her nudity.  A man who stands up for her is executed, and violent suppression by big business greets a workers' revolution she inspires.

Bartosch spent two years animating the film, initially in collaboration with Masereel.  Bartosch used complicated techniques with multiple layers of superimposed animation to create the intricately detailed film.  The film features an electronic music score by Swiss composer Arthur Honegger (1892–1955), possibly the earliest in film history.

Frans Masereel
Frans Masereel (31 July 1889 – 3 January 1972) was a Belgian painter and graphic artist who worked mainly in France. He is known especially for his woodcuts which focused on political and social issues, such as war and capitalism. He completed over 40 wordless novels in his career, and among these, his greatest is generally said to be Passionate Journey.

Masereel's woodcuts influenced Lynd Ward and later graphic artists such as Clifford Harper, Eric Drooker, and Otto Nückel.
1934 Declaration of Principles
The 1934 Declaration of Principles was a political platform of the Militant faction passed at the Socialist Party of America (SPA) May 1934 National Convention held in Detroit, Michigan. The document committed the organization to "refuse collectively to sanction or support any international war" and condemned the "bogus democracy of capitalist parliamentarism" in favor of establishment of a "genuine workers' democracy." The 1934 Declaration of Principles was instrumental in causing a split of the SPA, with its so-called "Old Guard" faction exiting the organization en masse to establish a rival organization, the Social Democratic Federation, in 1936.

Militant faction
The Militant faction was an organized grouping of Marxists in the Socialist Party of America (SPA) who sought to steer that organization from its orientation towards electoral politics and towards direct action and revolutionary socialism. The faction emerged during 1930 and 1931 and achieved practical control of the organization in 1934. The existence of the "Militants" and the threat they represented to the political line of the SPA caused traditional electorally oriented members to form an organized grouping of their own, known as the "Old Guard faction." In 1935 the personal and political friction between these two basic tendencies lead to an organizational split, with the Old Guard faction leaving to establish the Social Democratic Federation (SDF). The Militant faction itself shattered in the aftermath of the 1935 party split with only a small core loyal to perennial Presidential candidate Norman Thomas remaining in the organization by the coming of World War II.
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria that can form harmful algal blooms of economic and ecological importance. They are the most common toxic cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic fresh water. Cyanobacteria produce neurotoxins and peptide hepatotoxins, such as microcystin and cyanopeptolin. Microcystis aeruginosa produces numerous congeners of microcystin, with microcystin-LR being the most common.  Microcystis blooms have been reported in at least 108 countries, with the production of microcystin noted in at least 79.

Microcystin
Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of cyanotoxins, which are toxins produced by cyanobacteria, sometimes known as blue-green algae. Over 250 different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common. Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases.

Cyanobacteria can produce microcystins in large quantities during algal blooms which then pose a major threat to drinking and irrigation water supplies, and the environment at large.