hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferenc Krausz
Ferenc Krausz (born 17 May 1962) is a Hungarian physicist working in attosecond science. He was a director at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and a professor of experimental physics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Germany. His research team generated and measured the first attosecond light pulse and used it for capturing electrons' motion inside atoms, marking the birth of attophysics. In 2023, jointly with Pierre Agostini and Anne L'Huillier, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Since November 2025, he has been Chair Professor at Department of Physics in The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics
The Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics (abbreviation: MPQ; German: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik) is a part of the Max Planck Society which operates 87 research facilities in Germany.

The institute is located in Garching, Germany, which in turn is located 10 km north-east of Munich. Five research groups work in the fields of attosecond physics, laser physics, quantum information theory, laser spectroscopy, quantum dynamics and quantum many body systems.
Big Five cartel
The “Big Five cartel" or just the "Big Five" is an alleged criminal syndicate based in Gauteng, South Africa, linked by police to large-scale corruption and violent crime. Crime Intelligence boss Lt‑Gen. Dumisani Khumalo testified that the cartel “operates primarily out of Gauteng” and engages in drug trafficking, hijackings, tender fraud, extortion and contract killings. Its members have cultivated ties with senior politicians, law enforcement officials and business figures to protect their operations. The cartel's existence emerged publicly during the 2025 Madlanga Commission of Inquiry into alleged criminal capture of the justice system.

Cat Matlala
Vusimuzi “Cat” Matlala is a South African criminal suspect known for his involvement in large state contracts and related controversies. Owner of a security company called Cat VIP Protection Services, Matlala was raised and is based in Mamelodi, Pretoria. He has been described in the media as a “security boss” and “tenderpreneur” and is currently under arrest for masterminding the attempted murder of his ex-lover.

Matlala directs 4 companies in the security and medical services sectors. For example, he was the sole director of Medicare 24 Tshwane District, a company providing health risk management services, and an active director of Cat VIP Protection Services, Falcon Cat Trading and Suppliers, Lux South African Investments Pty Ltd, Cor Kabeng Trading & Suppliers and Black AK Trading. Through these firms, he expanded into government procurement and health services contracts.
Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren
Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren (1878 – April 1919), known by his full title Sain Noyon Khan Namnansüren, was a hereditary prince and prominent early 20th-century Mongolian independence leader. He served as the first prime minister of Mongolia under the Bogd Khan from 1912 until 1915, when the office of prime minister was abolished. He was subsequently appointed Minister of the Army.

Bogd Khan
Bogd Khan (13 October 1869 – 20 May 1924) was the khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia from 1911 to 1924, following the state's de facto independence from the Qing dynasty of China after the Xinhai Revolution. Born in Tibet, he was the third most important person in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy as the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, below only the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama, and therefore also known as the "Bogdo Lama". He was the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism in the Bogd Khaganate. His wife Tsendiin Dondogdulam, the Ekh Dagina ('Dakini Mother'), was believed to be a manifestation of White Tara.
Levetiracetam
Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is an antiepileptic drug (medication) used to treat epilepsy. It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.

Common side effects of levetiracetam include sleepiness, dizziness, feeling tired, and aggression. Severe side effects may include psychosis, suicide, and allergic reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome or anaphylaxis.  Levetiracetam is the S-enantiomer of etiracetam. It acts as a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) ligand.

Levetiracetam was approved for medical use in the United States in 1999 and is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 101st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 6 million prescriptions. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

SV2A
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a transmembrane protein belonging to a family of keratan sulfate proteoglycans, located on the synaptic vesicles of mammalian neuronal and endocrine cells. It is encoded by the SV2A gene.

SV2A is the most widely expressed isoform of the SV2 family (which also includes the SV2B and SV2C proteins) found in all brain regions. The role of the SV2 proteins is not well understood; however, they are thought to be involved in regulating vesicular processes.

The SV2A protein is a target of the anti-epileptic drugs (anticonvulsants) levetiracetam and brivaracetam but it is not clear how these drug affect SV2A activity.
Société des casinos du Québec
The Société des casinos du Québec is a subsidiary of Loto-Québec, a Quebec crown corporation. The Société des casinos du Québec oversees all four government-run casinos in the province of Quebec: the Casino de Montréal, the Casino du Lac-Leamy, the Casino de Mont-Tremblant, and the Casino de Charlevoix.

Montreal Casino
The Montreal Casino (French: Casino de Montréal) located in Montreal, Quebec, is the largest casino in Canada. Situated on Notre Dame Island, in Jean-Drapeau Park, it consists of two former Expo 67 pavilion buildings. The casino is open to the public seven days a week, operating morning until late night. It opened on October 9, 1993.

The casino is owned and operated by the Société des casinos du Québec (a subsidiary of Loto-Québec), which owns three other casinos in the province.  All profits go to the provincial Government of Quebec. As of 2019, it employed 2,800 people.
Étienne Cabet
Étienne Cabet (French: [etjɛn kabɛ]; January 1, 1788 – November 9, 1856) was a philosopher and utopian socialist who founded the Icarian movement. Cabet became the most popular socialist advocate of his day, with a special appeal to artisans who were being undercut by factories.

Cabet published Voyage en Icarie in French in 1839 (and in English in 1840 as Travels in Icaria), in which he proposed replacing capitalist production with workers' cooperatives. Recurrent problems with French officials (a treason conviction in 1834 resulted in five years' exile in England), led him to emigrate to the United States in 1848. Cabet founded utopian communities in Texas and Illinois, but was again undercut, this time by recurring feuds with his followers.

Icarians
The Icarians (/aɪˈkɛəriənz/) was an American utopian socialist movement, established by the followers of French politician, journalist, and author Étienne Cabet. In an attempt to put his economic and social theories into practice, many of Cabet's followers moved in 1848 to the United States, where they established a series of egalitarian communes in the states of Texas, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and California. The movement split several times due to factional disagreements.

The last community of Icarians, located a few miles outside Corning, Iowa, disbanded voluntarily in 1898. The 46 years of tenure at this location made the Corning Icarian Colony one of the longest-lived non-religious communal living experiments in US history.
Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing
The Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing is a vegetated overpass currently under construction in Agoura Hills, California, at Liberty Canyon. Originally called the Liberty Canyon Wildlife Crossing, the bridge will be a critical wildlife crossing, spannning the ten-lane Ventura Freeway, connecting the Simi Hills with the isolated Santa Monica Mountains.

Santa Monica Mountains
The Santa Monica Mountains are a coastal mountain range in Southern California, next to the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Transverse Ranges. The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area protects nearly all of this mountain range, and extends beyond it in places. Because of its proximity to densely populated regions, it is one of the most visited natural areas in California.
Elizabeth Jane Letson Bryan
Elizabeth Letson Bryan (April 9, 1874 – February 28, 1919) was an American malacologist and  director of the museum of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, now the Buffalo Museum of Science in Buffalo, New York. She was one of the first female museum directors in the United States.

Henry Augustus Pilsbry
Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study.  He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century. For much of his career, his authority with respect to the classification of certain substantial groups of organisms was unchallenged: barnacles, chitons, North American terrestrial mollusks, and others.
Hopetoun to Ravensthorpe railway line
The Hopetoun to Ravensthorpe railway line was a railway line in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, connecting Hopetoun to Ravensthorpe. The line, 55 kilometres (34 mi) long, was stand-alone, not connecting to any other railway line in the state.

Hopetoun, Western Australia
Hopetoun is a town on the south coast of Western Australia in the Shire of Ravensthorpe. Located on Mary Ann Harbour, Hopetoun is 590 kilometres (370 mi) south-east from capital city Perth, 160 kilometres (99 mi) west of Esperance and 41 kilometres (25 mi) south of Ravensthorpe.
Lois Lane (Superman & Lois)
Lois Lane is a fictional character in The CW television series Superman & Lois, based on the DC Comics character of the same name, created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. Portrayed by Elizabeth Tulloch, Lois is a reporter for the Daily Planet and the wife of Clark Kent / Superman. Tulloch also played alternate versions of Lois Lane in the Arrowverse television series The Flash, Supergirl, Arrow, Batwoman, and DC's Legends of Tomorrow.

Lois Lane (DC Extended Universe)
Lois Lane is a fictional character in the DC Extended Universe, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. As with her comics counterpart, Lane is a reporter for the Daily Planet and the love interest for Clark Kent / Superman. She is portrayed by Amy Adams and appears in almost all films in the DCEU featuring Superman: Man of Steel, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, as well as Justice League and its director's cut. Lois's character was designed to be a modern-day reporter in a world with superheroes.
Vincenzo Paglia
Vincenzo Paglia (born 21 April 1945) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the president of the Pontifical Academy for Life from 2016 to 2025. He was grand chancellor of the John Paul II Pontifical Theological Institute for Marriage and Family Sciences from 2016 to 2025.

Paglia was president of the Pontifical Council for the Family from 2012 to 2016 and Bishop of Terni-Narni-Amelia from 2000 to 2012. He was also a co-founder of the Community of Sant'Egidio in 1968. Paglia was the postulator for the cause of canonization of Óscar Romero and of Felix Varela.

Diocese of Terni-Narni-Amelia
The Diocese of Terni-Narni-Amelia (Latin: Dioecesis Interamnensis-Narniensis-Amerina) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Umbria, central Italy. It was  created in 1983, when the Diocese of Amelia was united with the Diocese of Terni and Narni. The latter had been in turn created in 1907, when the Diocese of Narni was united to the historical Diocese of Terni. The diocese is immediately exempt to the Holy See, not part of any ecclesiastical province.
Zhongshan Hospital
Zhongshan Hospital (simplified Chinese: 中山医院; traditional Chinese: 中山醫院), formerly Chung Shan Memorial Hospital, is a major teaching hospital in Shanghai, China, affiliated with the Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University.

Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
The Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, formerly Shanghai Medical University, is the medical school of Fudan University in Shanghai, China.

Established in 1927, Shanghai Medical University was merged into Fudan University in April 2000 to become its medical school. On July 27, 2001, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University was established, with Professor Wang Weiping as its first dean, and the original site of Shanghai Medical University was then designated as the Fenglin Campus of Fudan University.
Martin Sheridan
Martin John Sheridan (March 28, 1881 – March 27, 1918) was an Irish-American athlete and three time Olympic Games gold medallist in discus throw.

Born in Bohola, County Mayo, Ireland, he was a participant of both the 1904 and the 1908 Olympic Games, and was part of a group of Irish-American athletes known as the "Irish Whales".

He died on 27 March 1918, at St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan, New York, the day before his 37th birthday, from the Spanish flu pandemic. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery, Queens, New York.

Calvary Cemetery (Queens)
Calvary Cemetery is a Catholic cemetery in Sunnyside, Maspeth, and Woodside, Queens, in New York City, United States. With about three million burials, it has the largest number of interments of any cemetery in the United States. Established in 1848, Calvary Cemetery covers 365 acres (148 ha) and is owned by the Archdiocese of New York and managed by the Trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral.

Calvary Cemetery is divided into four sections, spread across the neighborhoods of Sunnyside, Maspeth and Woodside. The oldest, First Calvary, is also called "Old Calvary". The Second, Third and Fourth sections to the east are all considered part of "New Calvary".
75 mm gun M2–M6
The 75 mm gun, models M2 to M6, was the standard American medium caliber gun fitted to mobile platforms during World War II. They were primarily mounted on tanks, such as the M3 Lee and M4 Sherman, but one variant was also used as an air-to-ground gun on the B-25 Mitchell medium bomber aircraft. There were five main variants used during the war: M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6.

They were considered the standard American tank guns. The M2 and M3 were used on the M3 medium tank, the M3 was used on the M4 Sherman tank, and the M6 was used on the M24 Chaffee light tank. The M3 was also used on M7 medium tank.

The M5 variant was fitted on some North American B-25 Mitchell medium bomber aircraft.

North American B-25 Mitchell
The North American B-25 Mitchell is an American medium bomber that was introduced in 1941 and named in honor of Brigadier General William "Billy" Mitchell, a pioneer of U.S. military aviation. Used by many Allied air forces, the B-25 served in every theater of World War II, and after the war ended, many remained in service, operating across four decades. Produced in numerous variants, nearly 10,000 B-25s were built. It was the most-produced American medium bomber and the third-most-produced American bomber overall. These included several limited models such as the F-10 reconnaissance aircraft, the AT-24 crew trainer, and the United States Marine Corps' PBJ-1 patrol bomber.
Perkinsus marinus
Perkinsus marinus is a species of alveolate belonging to the phylum Perkinsozoa. It is similar to a dinoflagellate. It is known as a prevalent pathogen of oysters, causing massive mortality in oyster populations. The disease it causes is known as dermo or perkinsosis, and is characterized by the degradation of oyster tissues. The genome of this species has been sequenced.

The species originally was named Dermocystidium marinum by Mackin, Owen and Collier in 1950.

Alveolate
The alveolates are a group of protists, considered a major clade or superphylum within Eukaryota. They are currently grouped with the Stramenopiles and Rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria into the SAR supergroup.
USS Patoka
USS Patoka (AO-9/AV-6/AG-125) was a replenishment oiler made famous as a tender for the airships Shenandoah (ZR-1), Los Angeles (ZR-3) and Akron (ZRS-4).  It was also notable in that its height (177 feet (54 m)) figured prominently in the design of the Rainbow Bridge in Texas (the bridge design required that the Patoka, then the tallest ship in the U.S. Navy, could sail under it; however, it never did).

USS Shenandoah (ZR-1)
USS Shenandoah was the first of four United States Navy rigid airships. It was constructed during 1922–1923 at Lakehurst Naval Air Station, and first flew in September 1923. It developed the U.S. Navy's experience with rigid airships and made the first crossing of North America by airship. On the 57th flight, Shenandoah  was destroyed in a squall line over Ohio in September 1925.
Jakarta Server Pages
Jakarta Server Pages (JSP; formerly JavaServer Pages) is a collection of technologies that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, SOAP, or other document types. Released in 1999 by Sun Microsystems, JSP is similar to PHP and ASP, but uses the Java programming language.

To deploy and run Jakarta Server Pages, a compatible web server with a servlet container, such as Apache Tomcat or Jetty, is required.

Active Server Pages
Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's first server-side scripting language and engine for dynamic web pages.

It was first released in December 1996, before being superseded in January 2002 by ASP.NET.
Glen Davis (basketball)
Ronald Glen Davis (born January 1, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. Nicknamed "Big Baby", he played for the Boston Celtics, Orlando Magic, Los Angeles Clippers, and the St. John’s Edge.

After playing college basketball with the LSU Tigers, Davis was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 35th overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft. Shortly thereafter, he was traded to the Boston Celtics, with whom he won the 2008 NBA Finals.

St. John's Edge
The  St. John's Edge  were a Canadian professional basketball team based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, that competed in the National Basketball League of Canada. From 2017 to 2020, they played home games at Mile One Centre. They were given a leave of absence from the league in 2021 due to not having a suitable home arena after not being given a new lease for Mile One Centre.
Red Gate Gallery
Red Gate Gallery, founded by Brian Wallace, is Beijing's first private contemporary art gallery. Located in the historic Southeast Corner Tower at Dongbianmen, one of the few Ming dynasty towers to survive the destruction of the city wall, the gallery presents articles of China's contemporary artistic expression in conjunction with the traditional. The gallery is open for business all days of the week and charges no admission fee.

Beijing Ming City Wall Ruins Park
The Beijing Ming City Wall Ruins Park (traditional Chinese: 北京明城牆遺址公園; simplified Chinese: 北京明城墙遗址公园; pinyin: Běijīng Míng Chéngqiáng Yízhǐ Gōngyuán) is a park in Beijing with the longest and best preserved section of the city's Ming Dynasty city wall.  The park is located 3 km (1.9 mi) from the city center and extends east from Chongwenmen to Dongbianmen and then north to near to Beijing Railway Station East Street.  The park features a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) section of the Ming city wall and the Southeast Corner Tower, which are over 550 years old and surrounded by green park space to the south and east.   The park covers an area of 15.5 ha (38 acres), including 3.3 ha (8.2 acres) of fortifications and 12.2 ha (30 acres) of green space. The corner tower and the ramparts atop the wall can be accessed for an admission fee.
Ahmad Khan of Quba
Ahmad Khan of Quba (1769–1791) was a Khan of Quba and a successor of Fatali Khan who managed to dominate Derbent, Baku, Talysh and Shirvan Khanates, as well as Salyan Sultanate during much of his reign.

Fath-Ali Khan of Quba
Fatali Khan or Fath-Ali Khan of Quba (Persian: فتحعلی‌خان قبه‌ای) (1736 – April 2, 1789) was a khan of the Quba Khanate (1758–1789) who also managed to dominate the Derbent, Baku, Talysh and Shirvan Khanates, as well as the Salyan Sultanate during much of his reign.
New Zealand Cricket Awards
The New Zealand Cricket Awards (also known as ANZ New Zealand Cricket Awards for sponsorship reasons) are a set of annual cricket awards given by New Zealand Cricket. The awards recognise and honour the best of New Zealander players, match officials and administrators.

New Zealand Cricket
New Zealand Cricket, formerly the New Zealand Cricket Council, is the governing body for professional cricket in New Zealand. Cricket is the most popular and highest profile summer sport in New Zealand.

New Zealand Cricket operates the New Zealand cricket team, organising Test tours and One-Day Internationals with other nations. It also organises domestic cricket in New Zealand, including the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy men's domestic one-day competition, the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield women's domestic one-day competition, as well as the Men's Super Smash and Women's Super Smash domestic Twenty20 competitions.

Scott Weenink is the Chief Executive Officer of New Zealand Cricket. Tom Latham is the current Blackcaps Test captain, succeeding Tim Southee who still represents the team. Sophie Devine is the current White Ferns captain.
F. B. Fetherstonhaugh
Frederick Barnard Fetherstonhaugh QC (1863 – 1945) was a Canadian patent lawyer and agent who founded the patent agency Fetherstonhaugh & Co. He was widely recognized for his expertise in patent law. Fetherstonhaugh was also the owner of one of the first electric cars in Canada.

Smart & Biggar
Smart & Biggar is the common name and brand for the Canadian law firm Smart & Biggar LLP and the patent and trademark agency Smart & Biggar IP Agency Co. (formerly Fetherstonhaugh & Co).

Smart & Biggar has 180 intellectual property lawyers, patent agents, and trademark agents working in Ottawa, Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Waterloo, and Calgary.
Paul Dixon Show
The Paul Dixon Show is an American television variety program originating in Cincinnati on WLWT Television beginning in 1955 and ending in December 1974, following Dixon's death.  The show began as a 30-minute series expanding to 90 minutes in the 1960s, but the other stations along the Crosley/Avco regional television network in nearby Dayton, Columbus and Indianapolis only ran 60 minutes of the show.  Pre-recorded episodes were sold to other markets throughout the Midwest.

The show was originally co-hosted by Bonnie Lou and Marian Spelman, who was later replaced by Colleen Sharp. The house band, originally called The Bel-Aires, was led by pianist Bruce Brownfield.

WLWT
WLWT (channel 5) is a television station in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, affiliated with NBC and owned by Hearst Television. The station's studios are located on Young Street, and its transmitter is located on Chickasaw Street, both in the Mount Auburn neighborhood of Cincinnati.