hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HyperZ
HyperZ is the brand name for a set of processing techniques developed by ATI Technologies—which later merged with Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)—and implemented in its Radeon-GPUs. HyperZ was announced in November 2000 and was still available in the TeraScale-based Radeon HD 2000 Series and in Graphics Core Next-based graphics products.

On the Radeon R100-based cores, Radeon DDR through 7500, where HyperZ debuted, ATI claimed a 20% improvement in overall rendering efficiency. It stated that with HyperZ, Radeon could be said to offer 1.5 gigatexels per second fillrate performance instead of the card's apparent theoretical rate of 1.2 gigatexels. In testing it was shown that HyperZ did indeed offer a tangible performance improvement that allowed the less endowed Radeon to keep up with the less efficient GeForce 2 GTS.

Radeon R100 series
The Radeon R100 is the first generation of Radeon graphics chips from ATI Technologies. The line features 3D acceleration based upon Direct3D 7.0 and OpenGL 1.3, and all but the entry-level versions offloading host geometry calculations to a hardware transform and lighting (T&L) engine, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding Rage design. The processors also include 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs. "R100" refers to the development codename of the initially released GPU of the generation, various releases which were collectively known as the Radeon 7200. It is the basis for a variety of other succeeding products, including the entry-level RV100 (Radeon VE or Radeon 7000) and higher-performance refresh RV200 (Radeon 7500), the latter two having dual-monitor support.
Tarn-et-Garonne
Tarn-et-Garonne (French: [taʁn e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Occitan: Tarn e Garona [ˈtaɾ e ɣaˈɾunɔ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. It is traversed by the rivers Tarn and Garonne, from which it takes its name. The area was originally part of the former provinces of Quercy and Languedoc. The department was created in 1808 under Napoleon, with territory taken from the neighbouring Lot, Haute-Garonne, Lot-et-Garonne, Gers and Aveyron departments.

The department is mostly rural with fertile agricultural land in the broad river valley, but there are hilly areas to the south, east and north. The departmental prefecture is Montauban; the sole subprefecture is Castelsarrasin. In 2019, it had a population of 260,669.

Lot (department)
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the Lot River, it lies in the southwestern part of the country and had a population of 174,094 in 2019. Its prefecture is Cahors; its subprefectures are Figeac and Gourdon.
Adolph Strasser
Adolph Strasser (1843–1939), born in the Austrian Empire, was an American trade union organizer. Strasser is best remembered as a founder of the United Cigarmakers Union and the American Federation of Labor (AF of L). Strasser was additionally the president of the Cigar Makers' International Union for a period of 14 years, heading the union during the period in which it introduced its successful union label and gained substantial organizational strength.

Cigar Makers' International Union
The Journeymen Cigar Makers' International Union of America (CMIU) was a labor union established in 1864 that represented workers in the cigar industry. The CMIU was part of the American Federation of Labor from 1887 until its merger in 1974.
Informal inferential reasoning
In statistics education, informal inferential reasoning (also called informal inference) refers to the process of making a generalization based on data (samples) about a wider universe (population/process) while taking into account uncertainty without using the formal statistical procedure or methods (e.g. P-values, t-test, hypothesis testing, significance test).

Like formal statistical inference, the purpose of informal inferential reasoning is to draw conclusions about a wider universe (population/process) from data (sample). However, in contrast with formal statistical inference, formal statistical procedure or methods are not necessarily used.

In statistics education literature, the term "informal" is used to distinguish informal inferential reasoning from a formal method of statistical inference.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Murder of Somwang Yapapha
On 16 February 1995, 35-year-old Thai worker Somwang Yapapha was battered to death by two of his compatriots during a drinking session at a Defu Lane flatted factory in Singapore. His murderers - Khampun Sriyotha and Samlee Prathumtree - were arrested soon after they killed Somwang, and they were charged with murder. Despite their differing accounts of the murder, Khampun and Samlee both put up a defence that there was a fight between them all while they were drinking, which caused the two defendants to bludgeon Somwang to death during the fight itself. However, the High Court rejected their defence, and the pair were hence found guilty of murdering Somwang and sentenced to death in November 1995. Both Samlee and Khampun lost their appeals, and they were jointly hanged on 4 July 1997.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
John Hont-Pázmány
John Hont-Pázmány (Hungarian: Hont-Pázmány nembeli János; died September–October 1301) was a prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was Archbishop of Kalocsa between 1278 and 1301. In this capacity, he closely cooperated with fellow Archbishop Lodomer in order to restore royal authority over the kingdom. After Lodomer's death, John became head of the royal council from 1298 to 1301, initiating profound constitutional changes in the parliamentary system. He crowned Wenceslaus, one of the pretenders to Hungary, king in 1301, provoking the wrath of the Holy See.

Lodomer
Lodomer (Hungarian: Lodomér; c. 1235 – 2 January 1298) was a prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary in the second half of the 13th century. He was Archbishop of Esztergom between 1279 and 1298, and Bishop of Várad (now Oradea in Romania) from 1268 till 1279. He was an opponent of Ladislaus IV of Hungary whom he excommunicated for failing to force the Cumans to adopt the Christian way of life. After Ladislaus' death, Lodomer and his suffragans were dedicated supporters of Andrew III of Hungary, who aimed to restore strong royal power against the rebellious lords and oligarchs.
Mikael Ljungman
Mikael Ljungman (born 25 November 1963) is a Swedish politician, lawyer and businessman.  He was 2009–2010 convicted of fraud and false accounting related to his business activities, for which he served a two-year prison term. He is also known for his association and involvement with two high-profile tech failures: the game console manufacturer Gizmondo in 2005 and IT Factory in 2008. After his release from prison, Ljungman became active in the Christian Democrats legal policy network. He was selected as a Christian Democrats parliamentary candidate for the 2014 Swedish elections, as number 32 on their Stockholm candidate list.

Stein Bagger
Stein Bagger (born January 20, 1967) is a Danish convicted criminal, former entrepreneur, former CEO of IT Factory. Before bankruptcy of IT Factory and a subsequent fraud scandal, he was named "Danish Entrepreneur of the Year" by Ernst & Young, and his company was named "Denmark's best IT company" two years in a row by the magazine Computerworld. On the 11 June 2009, Stein Bagger was sentenced to a seven-year prison sentence. He was released on license on 24 March 2014, having served approximately 5 years of his sentence.
Arktika 2007
Arktika 2007 (Russian: Российская полярная экспедиция "Арктика-2007") was a 2007 expedition in which Russia performed the first ever crewed descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole, as part of research related to the 2001 Russian territorial claim, one of many territorial claims in the Arctic, made possible, in part, because of Arctic shrinkage.  As well as dropping a titanium tube containing the Russian flag, the submersibles collected specimens of Arctic flora and fauna and apparently recorded video of the dives. The "North Pole-35" (abbreviated as "NP-35") manned drifting ice station was established.

On January 10, 2008, three expedition members who performed the descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole, (Anatoly Sagalevich, Yevgeny Chernyaev, and Artur Chilingarov) were awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation "for courage and heroism showed in extremal conditions and successful completion of High-Latitude Arctic Deep-Water Expedition."

Drifting ice station
A drifting ice station is a temporary or semi-permanent facility built on an ice floe. During the Cold War the Soviet Union and the United States maintained a number of stations in the Arctic Ocean on floes such as Fletcher's Ice Island for research and espionage, the latter of which were often little more than quickly constructed shacks. Extracting personnel from these stations proved difficult and in the case of the United States, employed early versions of the Fulton surface-to-air recovery system.
Minister of Jobs and Families
The minister of jobs and families (French: ministre de l'emploi et des familles) is a minister of the Crown in the Cabinet of Canada, who is responsible for overseeing Employment and Social Development Canada. The post was established at the start of the 30th Canadian Ministry on March 14, 2025, consolidating all positions associated with Employment and Social Development Canada (Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Labour, Minister of Families, Children and Social Development, Minister of Seniors, Minister of Citizens' Services, and Minister of Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities) into a single post.

The current minister of jobs and families is Patty Hajdu.

Employment and Social Development Canada
Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC; French: Emploi et Développement social Canada; EDSC) is a department of the Government of Canada responsible for social programs and the labour market at the federal level. The department delivers a number of federal government programs and services including Employment Insurance (EI), Service Canada centres, Canada Student Loan Program (CSLP), Canada Pension Plan (CPP), issuing social insurance numbers (SIN) and the federal Labour Program among other things.

Employment and Social Development Canada is part of the membership of the Inter-American Conference on Social Security, a technical and specialized international organization, which has the objective of promoting the development of social protection and security in America.
Melbourne tram route 86
Melbourne tram route 86 is a tram route on the Melbourne tramway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, the route is coloured yellow and extends from Bundoora RMIT to Waterfront City over 22.2-kilometre (13.8 mi) of double track via Reservoir, Preston, Thornbury, Northcote, Clifton Hill, Collingwood, Fitzroy, East Melbourne and Bourke Street. It is serviced out of Preston depot utilising E class trams.

Bourke Street
Bourke Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tram thoroughfare.

During the Marvellous Melbourne era, Bourke Street was the location of many of the city's theatres and cinemas. Today it continues as a major retail shopping precinct with the Bourke Street Mall running between Elizabeth and Swanston Streets, numerous offices to the west end and restaurants to the east. Its liveliness and activity has often been contrasted with the sobering formality of nearby Collins Street. For this reason, "Busier than Bourke Street" is a popular colloquialism denoting a crowded or busy environment.

Bourke Street is named for Irish-born British Army officer Sir Richard Bourke, who served as the Governor of New South Wales from 1831 and 1837 during the drafting of the Hoddle Grid.
Takeshi Kamura
Takeshi Kamura (嘉村健士, Kamura Takeshi; born 14 February 1990) is a Japanese badminton player. He was selected to join the national team in 2013 and retired in 2021. Kamura was part of the national team that won the 2014 Thomas Cup. He captured his first Superseries title at the 2016 Hong Kong Open, and reached a career high of world number 2 in the men's doubles partnered with Keigo Sonoda in January 2017.

Kamura won the silver medal at the 2018 World Championships and a bronze in 2017. In the continental level, he helped the national team to win the 2017 Asia Mixed Team Championships, and he also collected a silver and three bronze medals in the individual men's doubles event. He competed at the 2014 and 2018 Asian Games.

Keigo Sonoda
Keigo Sonoda (園田 啓悟, Sonoda Keigo; born 20 February 1990) is a Japanese badminton player. He affiliated with the YKK AP Yatsushiro, before joining the Tonami team in 2010. Sonoda was part of the national team that won the 2014 Thomas Cup. He captured his first Superseries title at the 2016 Hong Kong Open, and reached a career high of world number 2 in the men's doubles partnered with Takeshi Kamura in January 2017.

Sonoda won the silver medal at the 2018 World Championships and a bronze in 2017. In the continental level, he helped the national team to win the 2017 Asia Mixed Team Championships, and he also collected a silver and three bronze medals in the individual men's doubles event. He competed at the 2014 and 2018 Asian Games. He retired in 2021 after competing at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Zorro's Black Whip
Zorro's Black Whip is a 1944 12-chapter film serial by Republic Pictures starring Linda Stirling.  The film was made after the 1940 20th Century-Fox remake of The Mark of Zorro in order to capitalize on it. Republic was not able to use the character of Zorro himself, however, and despite the title, the hero(ine) is called The Black Whip throughout.

The serial is set in pre-statehood Idaho, and involves a fight to prevent and ensure statehood by the villains and heroes respectively.

Parts of the serial were reused as stock footage to pad out later serials such as Don Daredevil Rides Again (1951) and Man with the Steel Whip (1954) – despite the fact that both of those serials had male leads.

Don Daredevil Rides Again
Don Daredevil Rides Again (1951) is a Republic Movie serial.  It makes heavy use of stock footage from Republic's previous Zorro serials.  The character of Don Daredevil (Ken Curtis) was created for this serial as the rights to Zorro belonged to Disney by 1951.
Ctrie
A concurrent hash-trie or Ctrie is a concurrent thread-safe lock-free implementation of a hash array mapped trie. It is used to implement the concurrent map abstraction. It has particularly scalable concurrent insert and remove operations and is memory-efficient. It is the first known concurrent data-structure that supports O(1), atomic, lock-free snapshots.

Hash array mapped trie
A hash array mapped trie (HAMT, /ˈhæmt/) is an implementation of an associative array that combines the characteristics of a hash table and an array mapped trie.
It is a refined version of the more general notion of a hash tree.
La Jolla
La Jolla (/lə ˈhɔɪə/ la HOY-uh, Latin American Spanish: [la ˈxoʝa]) is a hilly, seaside community planning area in San Diego, California, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean.

La Jolla is located 12 miles (19 km) north of downtown San Diego and 45 miles (72 km) south of the Orange County line. The neighborhood's border borders Pacific Beach to the south and extends along the shoreline north to include Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve ending at Del Mar.

La Jolla is home to the University of California, San Diego, the Birch Aquarium, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Scripps Research, and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) is the center for oceanography and earth science at the University of California, San Diego. Its main campus is located in La Jolla, with additional facilities in Point Loma.

Founded in 1903 and incorporated into the University of California system in 1912, the institution has since broadened its research focus to encompass the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of the Earth. The institution awards the Nierenberg Prize annually to recognize researchers with exceptional contributions to science in public interest.
Robert Woonton
Robert Woonton (born 1949) is a Cook Islands politician and diplomat. He served as Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 11 February 2002 until 11 December 2004, and later as High Commissioner to New Zealand. He was a member of the centrist Democratic Party.

Woonton trained as a medical doctor. He was first elected to the Cook Islands Parliament at the 1994 election. He was re-elected at the 1999 election. Following the premiership of Joe Williams, he was appointed to the Cabinet of Terepai Maoate as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Transport. In February 2001 he was removed as Transport Minister, but retained his Foreign Affairs portfolio. In July 2001, following the sacking of Norman George, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister.

Norman George
Norman George (born 2 July 1946) is a Cook Islands politician and former Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament, Deputy Prime Minister, and Cabinet Minister.

George was first elected to the Parliament of the Cook Islands in 1983. He represented the electorate of Tengatangi–Areora–Ngatiarua for 21 years. Repeated conflicts over leadership and cabinet posts saw him quit, found, and rejoin parties, moving from the Cook Islands Democratic Party to the Alliance and back, then to the New Alliance Party before returning to the Democrats. After losing his seat in the 2004 election and serving as Speaker, he represented the seat of Teenui–Mapumai for eight years, initially as an independent, then as a member of the Cook Islands Party, then as an independent again.

George lost his seat at the 2014 Cook Islands general election.
PIAS Cooperative
[PIAS] Cooperative, formerly Cooperative Music, often referred to as Co-Op, was a group of indie labels based in the UK but that have offices around the world, owned by [PIAS].

Through their partner labels [PIAS] Cooperative worked with artists such as iamamiwhoami, Phoenix, Bloc Party, The Knife, Fleet Foxes, Prinzhorn Dance School, Citizens!, Interpol, The Black Keys and Mumford & Sons.

PIAS Group
PIAS is a Belgian corporation that specialises in independent music recording, licensing, distribution, sales, and marketing. The company was founded in 1982 by Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot in Brussels, Belgium,. It has over 250 employees, with 19 offices around the world. The group funds and partners with independent labels and artists.

In November 2022, Universal Music Group acquired 49% shareholding of the PIAS Group, then, in October 2024, acquiring the rest of shares owned by the company's founders Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot, effectively making PIAS a Universal Music Group subsidiary. [PIAS] Label Group (PIAS Recordings) division will continue to operate autonomously, while [Integral] (formerly [PIAS] Artist & Label Services) will be integrated with Universal's Virgin Music Group division.
Space diagonal
In geometry, a space diagonal (also interior diagonal or body diagonal) of a polyhedron is a line connecting two vertices that are not on the same face. Space diagonals contrast with face diagonals, which connect vertices on the same face (but not on the same edge) as each other.

For example, a pyramid has no space diagonals, while a cube (shown at right) or more generally a parallelepiped has four space diagonals.

Face diagonal
In geometry, a face diagonal of a polyhedron is a diagonal on one of the faces, in contrast to a space diagonal passing through the interior of the polyhedron.

A cuboid has twelve face diagonals (two on each of the six faces), and it has four space diagonals. The cuboid's face diagonals can have up to three different lengths, since the faces come in congruent pairs and the two diagonals on any face are equal. The cuboid's space diagonals all have the same length.  If the edge lengths of a cuboid are a, b, and c, then the distinct rectangular faces have edges (a, b), (a, c), and (b, c); so the respective face diagonals have lengths   and

Thus each face diagonal of a cube with side length a is .

A regular dodecahedron has 60 face diagonals (and 100 space diagonals).
Global Rights Index
The Global Rights Index (GRI) is a world-wide assessment of trade union and human rights by country.  Updated annually in a report issued by the International Trade Union Confederation, the index rates countries on a scale from 1 (best) through to 5+ (worst).  Ratings are based on 97 indicators derived from the labour standards of the International Labour Organization.  The annual index reports on violations of trade union rights, such as limitations on collective bargaining and the right to strike, inhibiting trade union membership, state surveillance, violence and killings against trade unionists and restrictions on freedom of speech.

International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; French: Confédération syndicale international, CSI; German: Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB; Spanish: Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI) is the world's largest trade union federation.