hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Cumberland, West Virginia
New Cumberland is a city in and the county seat of Hancock County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 1,020 at the 2020 census. Located along the Ohio River in the northern panhandle of West Virginia, it is part of the Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area and is near Mountaineer Casino Resort.

Hancock County, West Virginia
Hancock County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,095. Its county seat is New Cumberland and its largest city is Weirton. The county was created from Brooke County in 1848 and named for John Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence. Located at the tip of the state's Northern Panhandle, Hancock County is the northernmost point in both West Virginia and, by some definitions, the Southern United States. Hancock County is part of the Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-WV-OH Combined Statistical Area.
Pumpokol language
Pumpokol (Pumpokol: gebeŋ-aj) is one of the Yeniseian languages, formerly spoken by the Pumpokol people (Gebéŋ). It has been extinct since the 18th century. It shares many features with the ancient Xiongnu and Jie languages, and according to Alexander Vovin, Edward Vajda, and Étienne de la Vaissière, is closely related to them. It is poorly attested, and some of the vocabulary has been identified as being Yugh, not Pumpokol.

Jie language
Jie (simplified Chinese: 羯语; traditional Chinese: 羯語; pinyin: Jiéyǔ) is a poorly attested extinct language formerly spoken in northeast China during the Later Zhao dynasty by the Jie people, who were formerly part of the Xiongnu confederation. It has been considered to be of either Yeniseian or Turkic affiliation, with the former now being more accepted.
Agapito Gómez
Agapito Gómez Álvarez (born January 30, 1963) is a retired boxer from Spain, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. Fighting in the light flyweight division (– 48 kg), he lost in the tournament's second round to Venezuela's Marcelino Bolivar.

Marcelino Bolívar
José Marcelino Bolivar (born July 14, 1964) is a Venezuelan former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 1994. He challenged for the IBF mini flyweight title in 1994. As an amateur, he won the bronze medal in the flyweight division at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles as well as the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
X-COM: Alliance
X-COM: Alliance is a cancelled video game in the X-COM series. The game was developed by two different teams of MicroProse developers (first as a subsidiary of Spectrum Holobyte, then Hasbro Interactive, and finally Infogrames Entertainment) between 1995 and 2002. It had the player assume the role of commander of the militarized scientific mission lost in space during the aftermath of X-COM: Terror from the Deep.

Unlike other games in the X-COM series, most of which were strategy games, Alliance was a first-person shooter. It was described as having strategy, adventure, and role-playing elements. After being officially announced in 1998 for a planned release in the first half of 1999, the game was repeatedly delayed and put on hold, before eventually becoming vaporware; it was eventually cancelled in 2002. Since then, it had numerous build versions leaked online.

X-COM: Terror from the Deep
X-COM: Terror from the Deep is a strategy video game developed and published by MicroProse for the PC in 1995 and for the PlayStation in 1996. It is a sequel to UFO: Enemy Unknown (known as X-Com: UFO Defense in North America) and the second game of the X-COM series, this time taking the war against a renewed alien invasion into the Earth's oceans.
Central canal
The central canal (also known as spinal foramen or ependymal canal) is the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs through the spinal cord. The central canal lies below and is connected to the ventricular system of the brain, from which it receives cerebrospinal fluid, and shares the same ependymal lining. The central canal helps to transport nutrients to the spinal cord as well as protect it by cushioning the impact of a force when the spine is affected.

The central canal represents the adult remainder of the central cavity of the neural tube. It generally occludes (closes off) with age.

Ependyma
The ependyma is the thin neuroepithelial (simple columnar ciliated epithelium) lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. The ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS). It is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and is shown to serve as a reservoir for neuroregeneration.
Daniel I of Armenia
Daniel I of Armenia (Armenian: Դանիել Ա) was the 16th Catholicos-Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Church. He was a Syrian who reigned as the Catholicoi after the reign of four hereditary Parthian catholicoi (St. Gregory I the Enlightener, his son St. Aristaces I, St. Vrtanes I and St. Husik I. He only ruled less than one year in 347 AD and was succeeded by Pharen I of Armenia.

Daniel was an ethnic Syriac and a disciple of Gregory the Illuminator. After King Tiran ordered the death of Catholicos Husik, he requested Daniel to replace him. However, Daniel refused the appointment and accused the King of a lavish lifestyle. Angered by Daniel's response, the King ordered that Daniel should be strangled.

St. Husik I
Husik I or Yusik (Armenian: Հուսիկ (reformed); Յուսիկ (classical); c. 295 – 347) was hereditary patriarch of the Armenian Church of the Gregorid line during the reign of the Arsacid king Tiran (r. 341–347?). He was the son of Vrtanes I, his predecessor as patriarch, and the grandson of Gregory the Illuminator, the founder of the Armenian Church. His patriarchate is dated to 341–347. He came into conflict with the monarchy and was assassinated on the king's orders. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Church.
Cornetto (frozen dessert)
Cornetto (Italian: [korˈnetto]; 'little horn') is an Italian brand of ice cream cone dessert, which is manufactured and owned by The Magnum Ice Cream Company. Cornettos are sold as part of the Heartbrand product line, known internationally by different names, including Algida in Italy, Wall's in the UK, Singapore and Pakistan, HB in Ireland, Frigo in Spain, and Kwality Wall's in India. Many variations of the product exist, ranging from milk-based ice cream to vegetable fat-based dessert.

Kwality Wall's
Kwality Wall's is an Indian multinational frozen desserts company. It is majority owned by The Magnum Ice Cream Company, which acquired it from Indian consumer goods company Hindustan Unilever in 2025. It is a major producer and distributor of frozen dessert products in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, it is known simply as "Wall's".
Every Extend Extra Extreme
Every Extend Extra Extreme is a game for the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade service released on October 17, 2007. It is an expanded version of the PlayStation Portable game Every Extend Extra which is, in itself, an expanded version of the 2004 freeware title Every Extend.

The game runs in high-definition 1080i and supports 5.1 surround sound. It supports online multiplayer; Achievements; Leaderboards and GamerScore support; and online competitive modes.

Every Extend
Every Extend is series of puzzle shoot 'em up video games primarily developed by Q Entertainment. The series began with a 2004 freeware game  of the same name (also known as E2) for Windows, which was a personal project by Kanta Matsuhisa under the "Omega" pseudonym. Q Entertainment discovered the game online and approached Matshisa to develop a remix version. The remix version was developed for the PlayStation Portable and was released in 2006, titled Every Extend Extra (or E3). In 2007, Q Entertainment developed and released a sequel on the Xbox 360 titled Every Extend Extra Extreme (or E4).
Juno (psychedelic)
Juno, also known as 4,6-dimethyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine or as 6-methyl-DOM, is a possible psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families related to DOM. It is the 6-methyl derivative of DOM and a positional isomer of Ganesha (3-methyl-DOM). The drug is one of Alexander Shulgin's "ten classic ladies", a series of methylated DOM derivatives. DOM, Ganesha, and DOTMA (Julia; 3,6-dimethyl-DOM) are all known to be active psychedelics, so Juno is expected to be an active psychedelic as well, but has not yet been tested. Juno was first described by Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). He shared in PiHKAL that he had had Juno on a shelf in his lab for almost 14 years but had never gotten around to trying it. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language. The drug is not an explicitly controlled substance in the United States, but may be considered scheduled as an isomer of DOET.

PiHKAL
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, also known as Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved, is a book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin published in 1991. The subject of the work is psychoactive phenethylamine chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelics and/or entactogens. The book has two halves, with the second part containing detailed entries on 179 phenethylamines. PiHKAL was followed by TiHKAL: The Continuation (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved) (1997).
Brandberge
The Brandberge is a protected natural area in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, in the northwest of Halle. It is part of the Naturpark Unteres Saaletal, a protected landscape area which extends along the River Saale from Halle to Nienburg. In the past it has been used for military exercises and winter sports; during the Nazi era, the first official Thingplatz arena was built there.

Thingspiele
A Thingspiel (plural Thingspiele) was a kind of multi-disciplinary outdoor theatre performance which enjoyed brief popularity in pre-war Nazi Germany during the 1930s. A Thingplatz or Thingstätte was a specially-constructed outdoor amphitheatre built for such performances. About 400 were planned, but only about 40 were built between 1933 and 1939.
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine
The Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (TouroCOM) is a private medical school with its main campus in the neighborhood of Central Harlem in New York City and additional campuses in Middletown, New York, and Great Falls, Montana. It is a division of the Touro University System.

When it opened in 2007, it was the first medical school to open in New York State in nearly 30 years and was the first osteopathic medical school with a special emphasis on training minority doctors. TouroCOM has a student body of about 1,080 students.

TouroCOM has a stated goal of particularly identifying and recruiting students willing to make a commitment to practice in underserved communities. The Harlem neighborhood has been designated by the federal government as underserved by medical professionals. Community service events such as free health counseling, screenings, and flu shots are offered to local residents by students and faculty several times a year.

Touro University System
Touro University is a private Jewish university system headquartered in New York City, with branches throughout the United States as well as one each in Germany, Israel, and Russia. It was founded by Bernard Lander in 1971 and named for Isaac and Judah Touro. Its main campus in New York City is the largest private Jewish university in the U.S. Touro initially focused on higher education for the Jewish community, but it now has 113,457 living alumni and serves a diverse population of over 19,000 students across 36 schools and four countries. There are many branches of Touro University, including Lander College for Men and Lander College for Women.
Symphony No. 81 (Haydn)
Symphony No. 81 in G major (Hoboken I/81) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn composed in 1784 as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79 and 80. These three symphonies were specially written for performance in March 1785.

Symphony No. 79 (Haydn)
Haydn's Symphony No. 79 in F major, was composed in 1784. The symphony is characterized by a strong and joyful opening theme, as well as varied rhythms throughout all four movements, especially in the minuet. The wind section alternates throughout the symphony between doubling the string section and playing independently. Of particular note are a number of long rests, which are characteristic of Haydn.
Gunsan Airport
Gunsan Airport (IATA: KUV, ICAO: RKJK) is an airport serving Gunsan, a city in the North Jeolla Province in South Korea. In 2019, 306,518 passengers used the airport. It shares its runway with Kunsan Air Base, which uses the same IATA and ICAO codes. Because Gunsan Airport is a shared civilian / military facility, photography of the apron, runway and military facility is strictly prohibited.

Kunsan Air Base
Kunsan K-8 Air Base (Korean: 군산공군기지) is a United States Air Force base located at Gunsan Airport, on the west coast of the Korean peninsula bordered by the Yellow Sea.  It is located in the town of Gunsan (also romanized as Kunsan), about 180 kilometres (110 mi) south of Seoul.

Kunsan Air Base is the home of the 8th Fighter Wing, "The Wolf Pack," assigned to the Pacific Air Forces Seventh Air Force and the 38th Fighter Group of the Republic of Korea Air Force. About 45 F-16 aircraft are stationed at the base. It is one of two major Air Force installations operated by the United States Forces Korea, the other being Osan Air Base.
Mitsui Bank
Mitsui Bank, Ltd. (三井銀行, Mitsui Ginkō) was a major Japanese bank from 1876 to 1990. The home bank of the Mitsui conglomerate, it was one of the largest Japanese banks for much of the 20th century, together with Dai-Ichi Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Sumitomo Bank, and Yasuda / Fuji Bank. In 1943 it merged with Dai-Ichi Bank to form Teikoku Bank (Japanese: 帝国銀行, lit. 'Imperial Bank'). In 1948, Dai-Ichi Bank was spun off again from Teikoku, which changed its name back to Mitsui Bank in 1954.

In 1990, Mitsui Bank merged with Taiyo Kobe Bank to form Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank (MTKB), which was renamed Sakura Bank in April 1992 and was a predecessor entity of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC).

Taiyo Kobe Bank
The Taiyo-Kobe Bank or TKB (太陽神戸銀行, Taiyo-Kobe Ginko) was a major Japanese bank, resulting from the 1973 merger of two banks established in 1936 and 1940 respectively. It was a rare major Japanese commercial bank unaffiliated with either a keiretsu group or a sogo shosha trading company.

TKB merged with Mitsui Bank in 1990 to form Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank (MTKB), renamed the Sakura Bank in April 1992, itself a predecessor entity of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC).
Fåhræus effect
The Fåhræus effect (/fɑːˈreɪ.əs/ far-AY-əs) is the decrease in average concentration of red blood cells in human blood as the diameter of the glass tube in which it is flowing decreases. In other words, in blood vessels with diameters less than 500 micrometers, the hematocrit decreases with decreasing capillary diameter. The Fåhræus effect definitely influences the Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect, which describes the dependence of apparent viscosity of blood on the capillary size, but the former is not the only cause of the latter.

Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect
The Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect (/fɑːˈreɪ.əs ˈlɪndkvɪst/ far-AY-əs LIND-kvist) or sigma effect describes how the viscosity of blood changes with the diameter of the vessel it travels through. In particular there is a decrease in viscosity as the vessel diameter decreases, but only at small diameters of 10–300 micrometers (mainly capillaries). This is because erythrocytes move to the centre of the vessel, leaving only plasma near the wall of the vessel.
Spanish Redemptorist missions in Sichuan
The Spanish Redemptorist missions in Sichuan were Catholic missions carried out by Spanish missionaries of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) between 1934 and 1952 in Sichuan (formerly romanised as Szechuan), a province located in southwestern China. The Mission of Sichuan was the first permanent foundation of the Redemptorists in that country, whose missionary area was in the apostolic vicariates of Chengtu and Ningyüanfu.

Diocese of Ningyuan
The Diocese of Ningyuan (Latin: Dioecesis Nimiuenensis; Chinese: 天主教甯遠教區), also known as Diocese of Xichang or Sichang, is a Latin Catholic diocese located in the city of Xichang (formerly known as Ningyuan or Kienchang) in the ecclesiastical province of Chongqing in western China. It was established on August 12, 1910 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Kienchang for the Mission of Sichuan (Szechwan) in the province's Nosuland.
Respirator
A respirator is type of mask designed to protect the wearer from inhaling hazardous atmospheres including lead fumes, vapors, gases and particulate matter such as dusts and airborne pathogens such as viruses. There are two main categories of respirators: the air-purifying respirator, in which respirable air is obtained by filtering a contaminated atmosphere, and the air-supplied respirator, in which an alternate supply of breathable air is delivered. Within each category, different techniques are employed to reduce or eliminate noxious airborne contaminants.

Air-purifying respirators range from relatively inexpensive, single-use, disposable face masks, known as filtering facepiece respirators, reusable models with replaceable cartridges called elastomeric respirators, to powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR), which use a pump or fan to constantly move air through a filter and supply purified air into a mask, helmet or hood.

Powered air-purifying respirator
A powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) is a type of respirator used to safeguard workers against contaminated air. PAPRs consist of a headgear-and-fan assembly that takes ambient air contaminated with one or more type of pollutant or pathogen, actively removes (filters) a sufficient proportion of these hazards, and then delivers the clean air to the user's face or mouth and nose.  They have a higher assigned protection factor than filtering facepiece respirators such as N95 masks.  PAPRs are sometimes called positive-pressure masks, blower units, or just blowers.
Echinops exaltatus
Echinops exaltatus, the Russian globe thistle or tall globe thistle, is European species of globe thistle in the family Asteraceae.  It is native to central and eastern Europe from Germany and Italy east into Russia. The species has escaped cultivation and become established in the wild in scattered locations in eastern Canada and the northern United States.

Echinops
Echinops /ˈɛkɪnɒps/ is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as globe thistles. They have spiny foliage and produce blue or white spherical flower heads. They are distributed from central Asia, Mongolia and north-eastern China to the Mediterranean basin, temperate regions of Eurasia, reaching to Indian subcontinent and tropical Africa. Globe thistle is the host plant of weevils Larinus vulpes and Larinus onopordi.
The Tigers of Mompracem
The Tigers of Mompracem (original title: Le Tigri di Mompracem) is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1900. It features his most famous character, Sandokan.

It was adapted into a 1970 film The Tigers of Mompracem directed by Mario Sequi.

Sandokan
Sandokan  is a fictional late 19th-century pirate created by Italian author Emilio Salgari. His adventures first appeared in publication in 1883. Sandokan is the hero of 11 adventure novels. Within the series, Sandokan is known throughout the South China Sea as the "Tiger of Malaya".
Paul Bernays
Paul Isaac Bernays (/bɜːrˈneɪz/ bur-NAYZ; Swiss Standard German: [bɛrˈnaɪs]; 17 October 1888 – 18 September 1977) was a Swiss mathematician who made significant contributions to mathematical logic, axiomatic set theory, and the philosophy of mathematics. He was an assistant and close collaborator of David Hilbert.

David Hilbert
David Hilbert  (/ˈhɪlbərt/; German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.

Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas including invariant theory, the calculus of variations, commutative algebra, algebraic number theory, the foundations of geometry, spectral theory of operators and its application to integral equations, mathematical physics, and the foundations of mathematics (particularly proof theory). He adopted and defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. In 1900, he presented a collection of problems that set a course for mathematical research of the 20th century.

Hilbert and his students contributed to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. He was a co-founder of proof theory and mathematical logic.
VFW-Fokker
VFW-Fokker GmbH was a joint venture of Fokker and Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke (VFW) started in 1969 that, from then on, controlled the ERNO initiative.

The Entwicklungsring Nord (Northern development circle) — abbreviated ERNO — was a 1961 joint venture of Bremen-based Weserflug and Focke-Wulf with Hamburger Flugzeugbau to develop parts for rockets and get involved in space activities.

Fokker
Fokker (N.V. Koninklijke Nederlandse Vliegtuigenfabriek Fokker; lit. 'Royal Dutch Aircraft Factory Fokker') was a Dutch aircraft manufacturer that operated from 1912 to 1996. The company was founded by the Dutch aviator Anthony Fokker and became famous during World War I for its fighter aircraft. During its most successful period in the 1920s and 1930s, Fokker dominated the civil aviation market. The company's fortunes declined over the course of the late 20th century; it declared bankruptcy in 1996, and its operations were sold to competitors.
Ashen light
Ashen light is a subtle glow that has been claimed to be seen on the night side of the planet Venus. The phenomenon has not been scientifically confirmed, and theories as to the observed phenomenon's cause are numerous, such as emission of light by Venus, or optical phenomena within the observing telescope itself. A modern hypothesis as to the source of light on Venus suggests it to be associated with lightning, for which there is some evidence on Venus. This theory has fallen out of favour, however, as there is not enough light generated by this lightning so as to be observed. A more recent hypothesis is that it is a form of transient aurorae or airglow caused by unusually high solar activity interacting with the upper Venusian atmosphere.

Airglow
Airglow is a faint emission of light by a planetary atmosphere. In the case of Earth's atmosphere, this optical phenomenon causes the night sky never to be completely dark, even after the effects of starlight and diffused sunlight from the far side are removed. This phenomenon originates with self-illuminated gases and has no relationship with Earth's magnetism or sunspot activity, causing aurorae.

Airglow occurs in two forms, as a result of a pair of interlinked but different processes. Dayglow occurs during the day and is caused by the splitting of atmospheric molecules but is too faint to be seen in daylight. During the night airglow occurs as nightglow, when the molecules split during daytime recombine.