hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Petar Hektorović
Petar Hektorović (1487 – 13 March 1572) was a Croatian writer and polymath.

Hektorović, also known as Pietro Ettoreo or Piero Hettoreo, was born and died in Stari Grad, Hvar.  He was a poet and collector of Hvar's fishermen songs, and an important figure of the Renaissance period in Croatian literature. He also wrote in Latin and in Italian, in addition to the local Slavic language.

His major work Fishing and Fishermen's Talk (Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje, 1568), is a hybrid genre: simultaneously a travelogue, discourse in fishing, reflexive poem and poetic epistle. It is a treasure of Croatian maritime and zoological terminology, which has become incorporated in Croatian standard language.

As hybrid as Hektorović's works, so was his language: chiefly based on a local Chakavian dialect, but amalgamated with the idiom of Shtokavian writing poets from Dubrovnik with whom Hektorović has remained in close contact during his lifetime.

Croatian literature
Croatian literature refers to literary works attributed to the medieval and modern culture of the Croats, Croatia, and Croatian. Besides the modern language whose shape and orthography were standardized in the late 19th century, it also covers the oldest works produced within the modern borders of Croatia, written in Church Slavonic and Medieval Latin, as well as vernacular works written in Čakavian and Kajkavian dialects.
Frederick W. Smith
Frederick Wallace Smith (August 11, 1944 – June 21, 2025) was an American business magnate and investor. He was the founder and chairman of FedEx Corporation, the world's largest express transportation company. Smith stepped down as CEO in June 2022 and was succeeded by Raj Subramaniam. Considered one of the most successful transportation entrepreneurs in the world, Smith had an estimated net worth of $5.3 billion at the time of his death according to Forbes.

FedEx
FedEx Corporation, originally known as Federal Express Corporation, is an American multinational conglomerate holding company specializing in transportation, e-commerce, and business services. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The name "FedEx" is a syllabic abbreviation of its original air division, Federal Express, which operated under this name from 1973 until 1994.

FedEx is best known for its delivery service,  as well as FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Office, FedEx Supply Chain, FedEx Freight, and several other services through a network of subsidiaries. These expansions have often been strategic moves to compete with its primary rival, UPS.

The company's air shipping operations are centralized at its primary hub at Memphis International Airport, making it a critical hub for global logistics.
Henry of Nassau-Siegen (1611–1652)
Count Henry of Nassau-Siegen (9 August 1611 – 27 October/7 November 1652), German: Heinrich Graf von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Graf zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr zu Beilstein, was a count from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. He served the Republic of the United Netherlands in diplomatic missions, as an officer in the Dutch States Army, and as governor of Hulst.

Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen
Princess Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen (10 January 1650Jul. – 15/25 November 1688), German: Sophia Amalia Prinzessin von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Prinzessin von Nassau, Gräfin zu Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Diez, Limburg und Bronkhorst, Frau zu Beilstein, Stirum, Wisch, Borculo, Lichtenvoorde und Wildenborch, Erbbannerfrau des Herzogtums Geldern und der Grafschaft Zutphen, was a countess from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. In 1664, she was elevated to the rank and title of princess. By marriage she became Duchess Consort of Courland.
Tala'a Kebira
Tala'a Kebira (alternate spellings include Talaa Kbira, Tala'a al-Kbira, etc) (Arabic: الطالعة الكبيرة, 'the Great Slope/Climb') is one of the longest and most important streets in Fes el-Bali, the old city (medina) of Fes, Morocco. The street runs roughly east to west, starting near the Bab Bou Jeloud and Bab Mahrouk gates in the west and ending at the al-Attarine Madrasa in the east, near the Qarawiyyin Mosque. It constitutes one of the main souq streets in the old city (including the Souq al-Attarine, which occupies its eastern end) and a number of important historic monuments are built along it.

Al-Attarine Madrasa
The Al-Attarine Madrasa or Medersa al-Attarine (Arabic: مدرسة العطارين, romanized: madrasat al-ʿattārīn, lit. 'school of the perfumers') is a madrasa in Fez, Morocco, near the Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque. It was built by the Marinid sultan Uthman II Abu Said (r. 1310–1331) between 1323 and 1325. The madrasa takes its name from the Souk al-Attarine, the spice and perfume market. It is considered one of the highest achievements of Marinid architecture due to its rich and harmonious decoration and its efficient use of limited space. Arranged around an ornate internal courtyard, the madrasa includes a small prayer hall, an ablutions facility, and sleeping quarters.
Paulistana (album)
Paulistana  is the eighth studio album by Brazilian jazz pianist, composer, and singer Eliane Elias. The record was released on October 5, 1993, via Blue Note label. The side musicians for this album include her long-time collaborators: Eddie Gomez and Marc Johnson on bass, Jack Dejohnette and Peter Erskine on drums, and Nana Vasconcelos on percussion. The vocal parts were performed by herself, her daughter Amanda Elias-Brecker, and Ivan Lins.

Naná Vasconcelos
Juvenal de Holanda Vasconcelos, known as Naná Vasconcelos (2 August 1944 – 9 March 2016), was a Brazilian percussionist, vocalist and berimbau player, notable for his work as a solo artist on over two dozen albums, and as a backing musician with Pat Metheny, Don Cherry, Jan Garbarek, Egberto Gismonti, Gato Barbieri, and Milton Nascimento.
Vignolo
Vignolo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Turin and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,112 and an area of 8.1 square kilometres (3.1 sq mi).

Vignolo borders the following municipalities: Borgo San Dalmazzo, Cervasca, Cuneo, and Roccasparvera.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed
Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed is the third full-length album by Vancouver punk rock band Nomeansno.  It was their second album with longtime guitarist Andy Kerr and first recorded after signing with the prominent punk rock label Alternative Tentacles.  The album is highly experimental both sonically and compositionally, and ranks among the band's most challenging works.  It was released on LP in 1988, and issued on the CD compilation album The Day Everything Became Isolated and Destroyed with the EP The Day Everything Became Nothing, recorded during the same sessions.

The Day Everything Became Nothing
The Day Everything Became Nothing is an EP by Vancouver punk rock band Nomeansno. It was recorded during the same December 1987 recording sessions that yielded the Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed album.  These two records were packaged together on the compilation album The Day Everything Became Isolated and Destroyed.  The material on the EP is highly experimental both sonically and compositionally, and ranks among the band's most challenging works.
Kiping
Kiping is a traditional Filipino leaf-shaped wafer made from glutinous rice. It originates from the city of Lucban, Quezon. It is celebrated annually in the Pahiyas Festival. It can be eaten grilled or fried and can be dipped in sugar, vinegar, or other sauces.

Lucban
Lucban, officially the Municipality of Lucban (Tagalog: Bayan ng Lukban), is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 54,134 people.

It is dubbed as the Summer Capital, Art Capital, Dance Capital, Tourist Capital, and Rice Capital of Quezon province. The town is also known for its annual Pahiyas Festival, which is held every May 15 in honor of San Isidro Labrador. The municipality is locally the 'Baguio' counterpart of the province.
Murat, Cantal
Murat (French pronunciation: [myʁa] ⓘ) is a commune in the Cantal department in the Auvergne region in south-central France. On 1 January 2017, the former commune of Chastel-sur-Murat was merged into Murat.  Murat is the administrative seat of this new commune.

Cantal
Cantal (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Occitan: Cantal or Cantau) is a rural department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, with its prefecture in Aurillac. Its other principal towns are Saint-Flour (the episcopal see) and Mauriac; its residents are known as Cantalians (French: Cantaliens / Cantaliennes or Cantalous / Cantaloues). Cantal borders the departments of Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire, Aveyron, Lot, Lozère and Corrèze, in the Massif Central natural region.

Along with neighbouring Lozère and Creuse, Cantal is among the most sparsely populated and geographically isolated departments of France and Aurillac is the departmental capital farthest removed from a major motorway. It had a population of 144,692 in 2019, making it the country's 98th most populated department. Of the 96 metropolitan departments, it is the fifth least populated.
Cosmic Slop Shop
Cosmic Slop Shop was an American hip hop group from Oakland, California. The group was composed of Antron "Big Lurch" Singleton, Marvin "Doonie Baby" Selmon and Ricardo "Rick Rock" Thomas. Their single "Sinful" from their only studio album Da Family was a minor hit in 1998, which peaked at #66 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and #18 on the Hot Rap Songs chart in the US.

Rick Rock
Ricardo Thomas, also known as Rick Rock, is an American record producer originally from Montgomery, Alabama and based in Fairfield, California. He is a founding member of the former rap group Cosmic Slop Shop and the Federation with fellow rapper Doonie Baby, and is regarded as a pioneer of the hip-hop subgenre Hyphy.
David Nekrutman
David Nekrutman (Hebrew: דוד נקרוטמן; born 28 November 1973) is an American-Israeli Orthodox Jewish theologian, writer, director, columnist, public speaker, and pro-Israel activist. He is a prominent figure and pioneer in the world of Jewish-Christian relations and is the co-founder and executive director of The Isaiah Projects, a ministry dedicated to helping Christians discover the Hebraic roots of their faith. He is the former executive director and co-founder of the Center for Jewish-Christian Understanding and Cooperation (CJCUC), co-founder of the Day to Praise global interfaith initiative, and founder of the Blessing Bethlehem aid organization. In addition, Nekrutman is a columnist who has written for The Jerusalem Post, Charisma Magazine, and The Times of Israel.

The Isaiah Projects
The Isaiah Projects is a ministry and charity organization, based in Powder Springs, Georgia, dedicated to creating educational tools in order to help Christians discover the Hebraic roots of their faith as well as providing food packages and humanitarian aid to individuals and families in need. It was founded in 2022 by Janet Cain (CEO), David Nekrutman (Executive director), Pastor Donna Taylor, and Marsha Conrad.
Emmanuel Navon
Emmanuel Navon (Hebrew: עמנואל נבון; born Emmanuel Mréjen January 21, 1971) is a French-born Israeli political scientist, author and foreign policy expert who lectures at Tel-Aviv University. He is a senior fellow at the Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS)  and a senior analyst for i24news.

JISS
The Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS) (Hebrew: מכון ירושלים לאסטרטגיה ולביטחון) is a think tank that researches and promotes viewpoints on national security issues in Israeli policy. Established in 2017 as the Jerusalem Institute for Strategic Studies, it changed its name to Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security or JISS as an acronym, in January 2019.
Burgess Shale-type preservation
The Burgess Shale of British Columbia is famous for its exceptional preservation of mid-Cambrian organisms. Around 69 other sites have been discovered of a similar age, with soft tissues preserved in a similar, though not identical, fashion. Additional sites with a similar form of preservation are known from the Ediacaran and Ordovician periods.

These various shales are of great importance in the reconstruction of the ecosystems immediately after the Cambrian explosion. The taphonomic regime results in soft tissue being preserved, meaning that organisms without conventionally fossilized hard parts can be seen. This provides further insight into the organs of more familiar organisms such as the trilobites.

The most famous localities preserving organisms in this fashion are the Canadian Burgess Shale, the Chinese Chengjiang fauna, and the more remote Sirius Passet in north Greenland. However, a number of other localities also exist.

Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term taphonomy (from Greek táphos, τάφος 'burial' and nomos, νόμος 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere.

The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent poorly-preserved, deteriorated remains of a mixture of taxonomic groups, rather than of a single one.
Loujain al-Hathloul
Loujain al-Hathloul (Arabic: لجين الهذلول Lujjayn al-Hadhlūl; born 31 July 1989) is a Saudi women's rights activist, social media figure, and political prisoner. She was arrested on several occasions for defying the ban on women driving in Saudi Arabia. In May 2018, she and several prominent women's rights activists were kidnapped in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and deported to Saudi Arabia where they were charged with "attempting to destabilise the kingdom." Her ex-husband, Saudi stand-up comedian Fahad al-Butairi, was forcibly returned from Jordan to the Kingdom and placed under arrest.

For her women's rights activism, Al-Hathloul was awarded the 2019 PEN America /Barbey Freedom to Write Award and the 2020 Václav Havel Human Rights Prize. She was one of Time magazine's "100 Most Influential People of 2019". She was released from prison on 10 February 2021, but lives under a travel ban.

Women's rights in Saudi Arabia
Women in Saudi Arabia have experienced many legal reforms since 2017, after facing fundamentalist Sahwa dominance for decades. However, according to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, Saudi women are still discriminated against in terms to marriage, family, and divorce despite the reforms, and the Saudi government continues to target and repress women's rights activists and movements. Prominent feminist campaigns include the Women to Drive Movement and the anti male-guardianship campaign, which have led to significant advances in women's rights.

Women's societal roles in Saudi Arabia are heavily affected by Islamic and local traditions of the Arabian Peninsula. Wahhabism, the official version of Sunni Islam in Saudi Arabia, as well as traditions of the Arabian Peninsula and national and local laws all impact women's rights in Saudi Arabia.
Tubal Uriah Butler
Tubal Uriah "Buzz" Butler (21 January 1897 – 20 February 1977), was a Grenadian-born Spiritual Baptist preacher and labour leader in Trinidad and Tobago. He is best known for leading a series of labour riots between 19 June and 6 July 1937 and for forming a series of personalist political parties (the British Empire Citizens' and Workers' Home Rule Party, the Butler Home Rule Party, and finally the Butler Party) that focused its platform on the improvement of the working class.

Butler Party
The British Empire Citizens' and Workers' Home Rule Party, also known as the Butler Home Rule Party and more commonly as the Butler Party, were a series of political parties in Trinidad and Tobago organised by Tubal Uriah Butler.
Electroclash
Electroclash (also known as synthcore, retro-electro, tech-pop, nouveau disco, and the new new wave) is a genre of popular music that fuses 1980s electro, new wave and synth-pop with 1990s techno, retro-style electropop and electronic dance music. It emerged in the late 1990s and was pioneered by and associated with acts such as I-F, DJ Hell, Miss Kittin and The Hacker, and Fischerspooner.

Miss Kittin
Caroline Hervé (born 15 July 1973), known professionally as Miss Kittin, is a French electronic music producer, DJ, singer, and songwriter. Since rising to prominence in 1998 for her singles "1982" and "Frank Sinatra" with The Hacker, she has worked with other musicians such as Chicks on Speed, Felix da Housecat and Golden Boy. She released her debut solo album I Com in 2004, a second, BatBox, in 2008, and a third, Calling from the Stars, in 2013. She achieved international popularity with the singles "Rippin Kittin" and "Silver Screen Shower Scene".
Wyoming Legislature
The Wyoming State Legislature is the legislative branch of the U.S. State of Wyoming. It is a bicameral state legislature, consisting of a 62-member Wyoming House of Representatives, and a 31-member Wyoming Senate. The legislature meets at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne. There are no term limits for either chamber.

The Republican Party holds a supermajority in the current legislature. 56 of the 62 seats in the House and 29 of the 31 seats in the Senate are held by Republicans.

Wyoming Senate
The Wyoming Senate is the upper house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 31 Senators in the Senate, representing an equal number of constituencies across Wyoming, each with a population of at least 17,000. The Senate meets at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the Senate serve four-year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Senators to three terms (twelve years).

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Wyoming Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, boards, or justices to the Wyoming Supreme Court.
Bender Glacier
Bender Glacier (78°43′S 85°20′W﻿ / ﻿78.717°S 85.333°W﻿ / -78.717; -85.333) is a glacier that flows from Mount Atkinson and Mount Craddock southwards between Chaplin Peak and Krusha Peak, and joins Nimitz Glacier just south of Gilbert Spur in the southern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. Receiving ice influx from its left tributaries Severinghaus Glacier, Brook Glacier and Bolgrad Glacier.

It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2006) after Professor Michael L. Bender at the Department of Geosciences (Geochemistry), Princeton University (earlier at the Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island), whose paleoclimate research from 1984 centered on the glacial-interglacial climate change and the global carbon cycle.

Severinghaus Glacier
Severinghaus Glacier (78°40′S 85°15′W﻿ / ﻿78.667°S 85.250°W﻿ / -78.667; -85.250) is a glacier flowing southwestward from Karnare Col along the north side of Mount Strybing and the south side of Mount Craddock into Bender Glacier in southern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.  Named by the US-ACAN (2006) after Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography; USAP researcher from 1996 on the history of the atmosphere, including greenhouse gases, and history of climate changes, using the ice core record.
Fourth Air Force
The Fourth Air Force (4 AF) is a numbered air force of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). It is headquartered at March Air Reserve Base, California.

4 AF directs the activities and supervises the training of more than 30,000 Air Force Reservists.  If called to active duty, 4 AF's ready reserve units would be assigned to Air Mobility Command, Air Education and Training Command, and Pacific Air Forces. Several airfields are associated with the Fourth Air Force.

One of the four original pre–World War II numbered air forces, 4 AF was activated on 18 December 1940, at March Field, California with a mission of air defense of the Southwestern United States and Lower Midwest regions. During the war, its primary mission became the organization and training of combat units prior to their deployment to the overseas combat air forces.

4 AF is commanded by Major General Derin S. Durham.

March Air Reserve Base
33°53′20″N 117°15′36″W﻿ / ﻿33.889°N 117.260°W﻿ / 33.889; -117.260

March Air Reserve Base (IATA: RIV, ICAO: KRIV, FAA LID: RIV) (March ARB), previously known as March Air Force Base (March AFB), is a United States Air Force Reserve base located in Riverside County, California, between the cities of Riverside, Moreno Valley, and Perris. It is the home to the Air Force Reserve Command's Fourth Air Force (4 AF) Headquarters and the host of the 452nd Air Mobility Wing (452 AMW), the largest air mobility wing of the Fourth Air Force. In addition to multiple units of the Air Force Reserve Command supporting Air Mobility Command, Air Combat Command, and Pacific Air Forces, March ARB is also home to units from the Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, California Air National Guard, and the California Army National Guard. For almost 50 years, March AFB was a Strategic Air Command base during the Cold War. The facility covers 2,075 acres (840 hectares) of land.
Madinat Al Mawater
Madinat Al Mawater (Arabic: مدينة المواتر, lit. 'Motor City') is a planned community of Rawdat Rashed in the Al-Shahaniya Municipality, central Qatar. Its first phase of construction was launched in May 2016. The community will occupy an area of 1.15 km2 and have a developed area of 167,072 m2.

The community is a project of Barwa Group and its construction is being overseen by Qatar-based Insha Contracting and Trading Co. and Hassanesco Trading and Contracting (HCC).

Rawdat Rashed
Rawdat Rashed (Arabic: روضة راشد, romanized: Rawḑat Rāshid) is a village in Qatar, located in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya. It was demarcated in 1988. The Dahl Al Misfir cave is located to its south.

Located in central Qatar, approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the capital Doha, the village was once of considerable size but lost much of its population due to government initiatives to resettle the country's rural population in Doha in the mid-to-late 20th century. The region in which the village lies is extremely arid and, thus, was historically sparsely populated. Previously, it was accessible only through unpaved desert roads.