hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proximity of blood
Proximity of blood, or proximity by degree of kinship, is one of the ways to determine hereditary succession based on genealogy. In effect, the application of this rule is a refusal to recognize the right of representation, a component of primogeniture.

Grey: incumbent

Square: male

Circle: female

Black: deceased

Diagonal: cannot be displaced

In some feudal entities, proximity of blood was a generally accepted principle. For example, according to the "ancient custom" (French: ancienne coutume) in the Duchy of Burgundy, a grandson could not take precedence over a son or daughter, and it was not even clear whether the ruler's grandson could claim precedence over the ruler's brother.

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Homestead Steel Works
Homestead Steel Works was a large steel mill located on the Monongahela River at Homestead, Pennsylvania in the United States. Originally built for the Pittsburgh Bessemer Steel Company, the plant expanded rapidly following its purchase by Andrew Carnegie in 1883. Like the neighboring Edgar Thomson Works, it was supplied by tributary coal and iron fields, the Union Railroad 425 miles (684 km) long, and a line of lake steamships. The works also saw one of the most notable labor disputes in U.S. history, the Homestead strike of 1892. "Homestead 1889-1895".

Homestead strike
The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike, Homestead massacre, or Battle of Homestead, was an industrial lockout and strike that occurred in the United States, in 1892. It began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle in which strikers defeated private security agents on July 6, 1892.   
The governor responded by sending in the National Guard to protect strikebreakers. The dispute occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh-area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. The final result was a major defeat for the union strikers and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers. The battle was a pivotal event in U.S. labor history.
Ichthyornithes
Ichthyornithes is an extinct group of toothed avialan dinosaurs very closely related to the common ancestor of all modern birds. They are known from fossil remains found throughout the late Cretaceous period of North America, though only two genera, Ichthyornis and Janavis, are represented by complete enough fossils to have been named. Ichthyornitheans became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, along with enantiornitheans, all other non-avian dinosaurs, and many other animal and plant groups.

Janavis
Janavis (from the Roman god Janus and the Latin avis for bird) is an extinct toothed bird belonging to the Ichthyornithes from the Late Cretaceous of Belgium. The genus has one named species, Janavis finalidens (from Latin finalis, meaning ending or final, and dens, for tooth) that was discovered in the 1990s, reported in 2002, and described in 2022. Recovered almost simultaneously from the same area and age as Asteriornis maastrichtensis,  then the oldest known modern bird, it provides information on the evolution and divergence of basal and modern birds, especially on the evolutionary modifications of bird skulls.
Ellipsoid method
In mathematical optimization, the ellipsoid method is an iterative method for minimizing convex functions over convex sets. The ellipsoid method generates a sequence of ellipsoids whose volume uniformly decreases at every step, thus enclosing a minimizer of a convex function.

When specialized to solving feasible linear optimization problems with rational data, the ellipsoid method is an algorithm which finds an optimal solution in a number of steps that is polynomial in the input size.

Convex optimization
Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets).  Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard.
Coach Ernie Pantusso
Ernie Pantusso (or Pantuso), commonly known as "Coach", is a fictional character on the American television show Cheers, portrayed by Nicholas Colasanto from 1982 to 1985. Coach is Sam Malone's former baseball coach, who becomes a bartender at Cheers under Sam's ownership. He is not "worldly wise" but has some shred of wit. He had a daughter, Lisa, who appeared in the episode "Coach's Daughter", by his late wife, Angela.

While he last appeared in the cold opening of "Rescue Me", Colasanto's last filmed appearance as Coach was in the episode "Cheerio, Cheers". When Colasanto died in 1985, Coach was written out as deceased without cause of death stated. Woody Harrelson joined the cast as Woody Boyd, a pen pal of Coach's who would end up replacing him as a bartender at Cheers for the remainder of the series.

Woody Boyd
Woodrow Huckleberry Tiberius Boyd is a fictional character on the American television show Cheers, portrayed by Woody Harrelson. Woody, simple-minded but good-hearted, debuts in the season premiere of the fourth season, "Birth, Death, Love and Rice". He also appears in one Frasier episode "The Show Where Woody Shows Up".
Great Holland
Great Holland is a village in the civil parish of Frinton and Walton, in the Tendring district of Essex, England. It is to the north-east of Holland-on-Sea, and west of Frinton-on-Sea. The village is served by a bus service to Clacton-on-Sea to the south and Kirby Cross, to the north. The village is served by two churches: a Methodist church and the Church of England parish church of All Saints. There is a community-owned pub called The Ship Inn. At the 2021 census the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 509.

Frinton-on-Sea
Frinton-on-Sea is a seaside town in the civil parish of Frinton and Walton, in the Tendring district of Essex, England. At the 2021 census the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 4,951.
Stile antico
Stile antico (literally "ancient style", Italian pronunciation: [ˈstiːle anˈtiːko]), is a term describing a manner of musical composition from the sixteenth century onwards that was historically conscious, as opposed to stile moderno, which adhered to more modern trends. Prima pratica (Italian, 'first practice')  refers to early Baroque music which looks more to the style of Palestrina, or the style codified by Gioseffo Zarlino, than to more "modern" styles. It is contrasted with seconda pratica music. These terms are synonymous to stile antico  and stile moderno, respectively.

Seconda pratica
Seconda prattica, Italian for "second practice", is the counterpart to prima prattica (or stile antico) and is sometimes referred to as stile moderno. The term seconda prattica first appeared in 1603 in Giovanni Artusi's book Seconda Parte dell'Artusi, overo Delle imperfettioni della moderna musica (The Second Part of The Artusi, or, Imperfections of Modern Music), where it is attributed to a certain L'Ottuso Accademico.
City of Maryborough (Victoria)
The City of Maryborough was a local government area about 170 kilometres (106 mi) northwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia, and the governing body for the regional centre of Maryborough. The city covered an area of 23.32 square kilometres (9.0 sq mi), and existed from 1857 until 1995.

The City of Maryborough was surrounded by the Shire of Tullaroop, which was united with Maryborough under the Shire of Central Goldfields, as part of a large-scale statewide amalgamation program by the Victorian Government in 1994–95.

Shire of Tullaroop
The Shire of Tullaroop was a local government area about 170 kilometres (106 mi) northwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia, surrounding the regional centre of Maryborough. The shire covered an area of 637.63 square kilometres (246.2 sq mi), and existed from 1861 until 1995. Maryborough itself was managed by a separate entity, ultimately known as the City of Maryborough. After a large-scale statewide amalgamation program by the Victorian Government in 1994, they were united under the Shire of Central Goldfields.
Pennsylvania Route 50
Pennsylvania Route 50 (PA 50) is a 32.7-mile-long (52.6 km) state highway located in western Pennsylvania. The western terminus of the route is at PA 844 in the Independence Township community of Independence less than a mile from the West Virginia state line. The eastern terminus is at PA 60 in Crafton Heights. PA 50 was designated in 1961, replacing the portion of PA 28 between West Virginia and Pittsburgh.

Pennsylvania Route 844
Pennsylvania Route 844 (PA 844) is a 14.9-mile-long (24.0 km) state highway located in Washington County, Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is the West Virginia state line in Independence Township where the road becomes West Virginia Route 27 (WV 27).  The eastern terminus is at PA 18 in Washington. PA 844 is a two-lane undivided road that passes through rural areas in western Washington County, serving West Middletown. Along the way, the route intersects PA 50 and PA 231 in Independence Township and PA 331 in Canton Township. The road between West Middletown and Washington became a private turnpike called the Washington and West Middletown Turnpike in 1852. The entire stretch of PA 844 was designated as the westernmost part of PA 31 in 1928. It was renumbered to PA 844 in September 1964 when the western terminus of PA 31 was cut back to West Newton.
Hollands Diep
The Hollands Diep (pre-1947 spelling: Hollandsch Diep) is a river in the Netherlands, and an estuary of the Rhine and Meuse rivers. Through the Scheldt–Rhine Canal it connects to the Scheldt river and Antwerp.

The Bergse Maas river and the Nieuwe Merwede river join near Lage Zwaluwe to form the Hollands Diep. The Dordtsche Kil connects to it near Moerdijk. Near Numansdorp it splits into the Haringvliet and the Volkerak.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Ghost of Queen Esther
Esther Montour, also known as Queen Esther, was  an Iroquois leader in the British colony of Pennsylvania. Her village consisted of over five hundred citizens and was located between the modern-day towns of Sayre, Athens and Waverly.

Montour family
The Montour family is a family of Native-American and French descent that was prominent in colonial New York and Pennsylvania before and during the American Revolution. Because of the Iroquois practice of reckoning descent through the female line, the family is known as "Montour" after the matriarch.
Saba Ali Khan
Saba Ali Khan Pataudi (born 1 May 1976) is an Indian jewellery designer and mutawalli (Chief Trustee) of the Auqaf-e-Shahi (Royal Trust), established by the-then ‘Princely State’ of the Kingdom of Bhopal as a royal charitable endowment. She is the elder daughter of actress Sharmila Tagore and former India cricket captain Mansoor Ali Khan, Crown Prince of Bhopal, and the sister of actors Saif Ali Khan and Soha Ali Khan.

Soha Ali Khan
Soha Ali Khan Pataudi Khemu (née Khan Pataudi, born 4 October 1978) is an Indian actress who has worked in Hindi, Bengali, and English films. She is the younger daughter of veteran actress Sharmila Tagore and former India cricket captain Mansoor Ali Khan, of Bhopal, and the younger sister of actor Saif Ali Khan. She started her acting career with the romantic comedy film Dil Maange More (2004), and is best known for her role in the drama film Rang De Basanti (2006) and the romance film Ahista Ahista (2006). In 2017, she authored a book The Perils of Being Moderately Famous that won the Crossword Book Award in 2018.
Wafir
Wāfir (Arabic: وَافِر, literally 'numerous, abundant, ample, exuberant') is a meter used in classical Arabic poetry. It is among the five most popular meters of classical Arabic poetry, accounting (alongside ṭawīl, basīṭ, kāmil, and mutaqārib) for 80-90% of lines and poems in the ancient and classical Arabic corpus.

Kamil (metre)
Kāmil (Arabic: كَامِل "perfect") is the second commonest metre (after the ṭawīl) used in pre-Islamic and classical Arabic poetry. The usual form of the metre is as follows (where "–" represents a long syllable, "u" a short syllable, and "uu" one long or two shorts):

| uu – u – | uu – u – | uu – u – |

The mnemonic words (tafāʿīl) used by Arab prosodists to describe this metre are: Mutafāʿilun Mutafāʿilun Mutafāʿilun (مُتَفَاعِلُنْ مُتَفاعِلُنْ مُتَفَاعِلُنْ).

The kāmil resembles the wāfir metre in that it makes use of biceps elements (that is, places in the verse where two short syllables can be replaced by one long one).
Tui mine
The Tui mine is an abandoned mine on the western slopes of Mount Te Aroha in the Kaimai Range of New Zealand. It was considered to be the most contaminated site in the country, following the cleanup of the former Fruitgrowers Chemical Company site at Māpua, Nelson.

Te Aroha
Te Aroha is a rural town in the Waikato region of New Zealand with a population of 3,906 people in the 2013 census, an increase of 138 people since 2006. It is 53 km (33 mi) northeast of Hamilton and 50 km (31 mi) south of Thames. It sits at the foot of 952 metres (3,123 ft) Mount Te Aroha, the highest point in the Kaimai Range.
Batemans Bay Tigers
The Batemans Bay Tigers (or sometimes simplified to Bay Tigers) are an Australian rugby league football team based in Batemans Bay, a coastal town of the South Coast region. The club is a part of Country Rugby League and have competed in the Group 16 Rugby League (Far South Coast) first grade competition in two stints, the current since 2014. From 1978 to 2013, they were a part of South Coast. first grade competition since 1978. Prior to this, they were a part of Group 16 Rugby League (Far South Coast).

Group 7 Rugby League
South Coast Group 7 Rugby League (or Group 7 Rugby League for simplicity) is the divisional boundary drawn from the Southern Illawarra and South Coast regions (from the suburb of Warilla south to Ulladulla) of New South Wales, Australia and is governed by the NSWCRL. The main semi-professional competition comprises ten (10) teams from across the region. Group 7 Rugby League also administers reserve grade, third grade, and under-18s competitions, Ladies League Tag, as well as looking over many junior competitions.
Primality test
A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime. Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography. Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not. Factorization is thought to be a computationally difficult problem, whereas primality testing is comparatively easy (its running time is polynomial in the size of the input). Some primality tests prove that a number is prime, while others like Miller–Rabin prove that a number is composite. Therefore, the latter might more accurately be called compositeness tests instead of primality tests.

Miller–Rabin primality test
The Miller–Rabin primality test or Rabin–Miller primality test is a probabilistic primality test: an algorithm which determines whether a given number is likely to be prime, similar to the Fermat primality test and the Solovay–Strassen primality test.

It is of historical significance in the search for a polynomial-time deterministic primality test. Its probabilistic variant remains widely used in practice, as one of the simplest and fastest tests known.

Gary L. Miller discovered the test in 1976. Miller's version of the test is deterministic, but its correctness relies on the unproven extended Riemann hypothesis. Michael O. Rabin modified it to obtain an unconditional probabilistic algorithm in 1980.
Temporary folder
In computing, a temporary folder or temporary directory is a directory used to hold temporary files. Many operating systems and some software automatically delete the contents of this directory at bootup or at regular intervals, leaving the directory itself intact.

For security reasons, it is best for each user to have their own temporary directory, since there has been a history of security vulnerabilities with temporary files due to programs incorrect file permissions or race conditions.

A standard procedure for system administration is to reduce the amount of storage space used (typically, on a disk drive) by removing temporary files. In multi-user systems, this can potentially remove active files, disrupting users' activities. To avoid this, some space-reclaiming procedures remove only files which are inactive or "old" - those which have not been read or modified in several days.

Temporary file
A temporary file is a file created to store information temporarily, either for a program's intermediate use or for transfer to a permanent file when complete. It may be created by computer programs for a variety of purposes, such as when a program cannot allocate enough memory for its tasks, when the program is working on data bigger than the architecture's address space, or as a primitive form of inter-process communication.
Milda Valčiukaitė
Milda Valčiukaitė (born 24 May 1994) is a Lithuanian national representative rower, an Olympian and dual world champion. She won the women's double scull title alongside Ieva Adomavičiūtė at the 2018 World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv. She won gold medals at the 2013 World Rowing Championships and the 2013 European Rowing Championships and was a bronze medallist at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Valčiukaitė is coached by Tomas Valčiukas, and was won two world junior championships with Ieva Adomavičiūtė. In 2013, Valčiukaitė started to compete with Donata Karalienė. She currently studies Business Information management at Vilnius University.

Ieva Adomavičiūtė
Ieva Adomavičiūtė (born 3 December 1994) is a Lithuanian national representative rower. She won the women's double scull title alongside Milda Valčiukaitė at the 2018 World Rowing Championships in Plovdiv. She was four-times an underage world champion (twice junior, twice under 23). She studied at Washington State University.
Traffic message channel
Traffic Message Channel (TMC) is a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to motor vehicle drivers. It is digitally coded using the ALERT C or TPEG protocol into Radio Data System (RDS) carried via conventional FM radio broadcasts. It can also be transmitted on Digital Audio Broadcasting or satellite radio. TMC allows silent delivery of dynamic information suitable for reproduction or display in the user's language without interrupting audio broadcast services. Both public and commercial services are operational in many countries. When data is integrated directly into a navigation system, traffic information can be used in the system's route calculation.

Automotive navigation system
An automotive navigation system is part of the automobile controls or a third party add-on used to find direction in an automobile. It typically uses a satellite navigation device to get its position data which is then correlated to a position on a road. When directions are needed routing can be calculated. On the fly traffic information (road closures, congestion) can be used to adjust the route.

Dead reckoning using distance data from sensors attached to the drivetrain, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer can be used for greater reliability, as GNSS signal loss and/or multipath can occur due to urban canyons or tunnels.

Mathematically, automotive navigation is based on the shortest path problem, within graph theory, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc.) between two points in a large network.

Automotive navigation systems are crucial for the development of self-driving cars.
Woolworths (New Zealand supermarket chain)
Woolworths is an Australian-owned New Zealand full-service supermarket chain and subsidiary of Woolworths New Zealand, itself a subsidiary of Australia's Woolworths Group. Previously known as Countdown, the business is currently in the process of rebranding all stores as Woolworths.

Before its reintroduction, the original 'Woolworths' brand was phased-out in the late 2000s. All but one store were rebranded as Countdown by 2011, with the exception in Mount Maunganui.

Countdown (supermarket)
Countdown was an Australian-owned New Zealand full-service supermarket chain and subsidiary of Woolworths New Zealand, itself a subsidiary of Australia's Woolworths Group. It was one of two supermarket chains in New Zealand, the other being Foodstuffs.

Until the brand's rebranding, there were 194 Countdown stores, with 61 in Auckland.

In July 2023, the company announced that all Countdown stores would be rebranded back to Woolworths, the name of the parent company and name of the supermarket used in Australia. The rebrand came into effect from early 2024 with signage changing over the following two years.
Saskatchewan Highway 312
Highway 312 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 12 to Highway 2 near Wakaw.

The highway provides access to Waldheim, Waldheim Regional Park, Laird, and Rosthern. It connects with Highways 683, 11, and 225 and crosses the South Saskatchewan River via the Gabriel Bridge. The highway is about 78 kilometres (48 mi) long.

Saskatchewan Highway 12
Highway 12 is a major north–south provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It begins at the north end of Saskatoon at the intersection of Idylwyld Drive and Highway 11 North (formerly beginning further south at the intersection with 22nd Street in downtown Saskatoon). Just outside Saskatoon's northern city limits, Highway 11 exits north-east from Idylwyld Drive and Highway 12 begins and travels north, passing along the western side of Martensville. The section of 12 from Martensville south to Saskatoon is twinned. Highway 12 then crosses the North Saskatchewan River over the Petrofka Bridge, passes through the town of Blaine Lake, and intersects Highway 40. It terminates at Highway 3 near Shell Lake. Highway 12 is about 135 kilometres (84 mi) long.
Lake Waramaug
Lake Waramaug is a 656-acre (265 ha) lake occupying parts of the towns of Kent, Warren and Washington in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States, approximately 24 miles (39 km) north of Danbury. The lake is named after Chief Waramaug, who wintered in the area surrounding Lake Waramaug.

Washington, Connecticut
Washington is a rural town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, in the North Eastern region of the United States. The population was 3,646 at the 2020 census. Washington is known for its picturesque countryside, historic architecture, and active civic and cultural life. The town has strong ties to New York City, and is home to many cultural and business elites. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.