hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 Liberian by-elections
The 2020 Liberian by-elections were held on December 8 in the following House districts: Montserrado-9 and Sinoe-2. The by-elections were held concurrently with the 2020 Senate election as well as a constitutional referendum. The by-elections were triggered by the deaths of two members of the House of Representatives. The by-elections were delayed beyond what is permitted by the Liberian Constitution. The elected House members were Frank Saah Foko Jr. (Montserrado-9) and Samson Wiah (Sinoe-2).

2020 Liberian Senate election
Senate elections were held in Liberia on 8 December 2020, with half the seats in the Senate up for election. The elections were held concurrently with a constitutional referendum and two House by-elections.
Prisoner's cinema
Prisoner's cinema is the phenomenon of a "light show" of various colors that appear out of the darkness. The light has a form, but those that have seen it find it difficult to describe. Sometimes, the cinema lights resolve into human or other figures.

The phenomenon is reported by prisoners confined to dark cells and by others kept in darkness, voluntarily or not, for long periods of time. It has also been reported by truck drivers, pilots, and practitioners of intense meditation. Astronauts and other individuals who have been exposed to certain types of radiation have reported witnessing similar phenomena.

Scientists believe that the cinema is a result of phosphenes combined with the psychological effects of prolonged lack of exposure to light, and others have noted a connection between the form the lights take and paleolithic cave paintings.

Phosphene
A phosphene is the phenomenon of seeing light without light entering the eye. The word phosphene comes from the Greek words phos (light) and phainein (to show).  Phosphenes that are induced by movement or sound may be associated with optic neuritis.

Phosphenes can be induced by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation of the retina or visual cortex, or by random firing of cells in the visual system. Phosphenes have also been reported by meditators (called nimitta), people who endure long periods without visual stimulation (the prisoner's cinema), or those who ingest psychedelic drugs.
Piatra Neamț hospital fire
On 14 November 2020, around 18:30 EET, a fire broke out in the COVID-19 ward of the Piatra Neamț Emergency Hospital in Piatra Neamț, Romania. The fire killed ten people and injured another four, including two doctors. All the deceased people were patients receiving treatment for COVID-19. Many in the ward were on ventilators. The fire brought back to the public's attention the state of the Romanian health system, as well as the political interference in hospital management.

The hospital fire at Piatra Neamț was followed by other deadly ones, more precisely at Bucharest in January 2021 and at Constanța in October 2021.

Constanța hospital fire
On 1 October 2021, at around 09:48 EET, a fire was reported to have started in the Constanța Hospital for Infectious Diseases at Constanța, Romania. Firefighters arrived at the scene at 09:56 EET, extinguishing the fire in less than an hour, at 10:50 EET.
Peter Alston
Peter Alston (after 1765 – February 8, 1804) was an American counterfeiter, horse thief, highwayman, and river pirate of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is believed to have been an associate of serial killer Little Harpe, and a member of the notorious Mason Gang.

Harpe brothers
Micajah "Big" Harpe, born Joshua Harper (before 1768 – August 24, 1799), and Wiley "Little" Harpe, born William Harper (before 1770 – February 8, 1804), were American murderers, highwaymen and river pirates who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Mississippi and along the Natchez Trace in the late 18th century. They are often considered the earliest documented serial killers in  United States history.

Loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution, the Harpes became outlaws after the war and began robbing and killing settlers in the remote frontier west of the Appalachian Mountains. They are believed to have killed 39 people, and possibly as many as 50. As the Harpes' crimes gained notoriety, vigilante groups formed to avenge their victims, and they were eventually tracked down and executed around the turn of the century. Their savagery has since entered American folklore, appearing to have been motivated more by blood lust than financial gain.
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (15 January 1776 – 30 November 1834), was a British royal and field marshal, the nephew and son-in-law of King George III. He was the only son of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, and Maria Walpole, making him a grandson of Frederick, Prince of Wales and of Edward Walpole. In 1816, he married Princess Mary, the fourth daughter of George III.

Maria Walpole
Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (née Walpole; 10 July 1736 – 22 August 1807) was a member of the British royal family. She was the Countess Waldegrave from 1759 to 1766, as a result of her first marriage to James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave. Her second husband was Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, whom she married in 1766.
Alexander Buller Turner
Second Lieutenant Alexander Buller Turner VC (22 May 1893 − 1 October 1915) was a British Army officer and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) during the First World War, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. His younger brother, Victor, was a recipient of the VC in the Second World War.

Victor Buller Turner
Lieutenant-Colonel Victor Buller Turner VC, CVO (17 January 1900 – 7 August 1972) was a British Army officer and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) during the Second World War, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of British and other Commonwealth forces.

His older brother, Alexander Turner, received a posthumous VC during the First World War.
2011 Men's Asian Champions Trophy
The 2011 Men's Asian Champions Trophy was the first edition of the Men's Asian Champions Trophy and it took place from 3 to 11 September 2011 in Ordos, China.

The top six teams (India, South Korea, Pakistan, China, Malaysia and Japan) from the 2010 Asian Games participated in the tournament which involved round-robin league among all teams followed by play-offs for final positions. The tournament was combined with the 2nd Women's Asian Champions Trophy.

The tie-breaker in a knockout match was a one-on-one between the striker and the goalkeeper. The striker had to start from the 23-meter line and was given only eight seconds to score. This way of tie-breaker was used as part of a testing phase by FIH.

India became the first champion of the tournament after defeating Pakistan in the final 4-2 in a penalty shootout after regulation and extra time ended scoreless.

2011 Women's Asian Champions Trophy
The 2011 Asian Women's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 2nd edition of the Women's Asian Champions Trophy, a biennial women's international field hockey tournament organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. The tournament was held alongside the men's tournament in Ordos, China from 4 to 10 September 2011.

The top four Asian teams (China, India, Japan, and South Korea) participated in the tournament which involved round-robin league among all teams followed by play-offs for final positions. South Korea became the champions without losing a match. China also did not drop any point and finished as runners-up on goal difference. Japan clinched the third position. India finished in the last place after they lost every single one of their matches, and scoring only one goal and conceding 13.
Tha Chin River
The Tha Chin River (Thai: แม่น้ำท่าจีน, RTGS: Maenam Tha Chin, pronounced [mɛ̂ːnáːm tʰâː tɕīːn]) is a distributary of the Chao Phraya River, in Thailand. It splits in the province of Chai Nat and then flows west from the Chao Phraya through the central plains, until it empties into the Gulf of Thailand in Samut Sakhon province.

Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya River (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand.
Native Omaha Days
Native Omahan Days is a bi-ennial event in North Omaha, Nebraska celebrating the community's historical and cultural legacies. Held since 1976, the Native Omaha Days include picnics, family reunions, class reunions and a large parade. The event is largely attended by current and former African American residents of the city.

Culture of North Omaha, Nebraska
Culture in North Omaha, Nebraska, the north end of Omaha, is defined by socioeconomic, racial, ethnic and political diversity among its residents. The neighborhood's culture is largely influenced by its predominantly African American community.
R. S. Sodhi
Colonel Ravinder Singh "Pickles" Sodhi (born c. 1940s) is a retired officer of the Indian Army and a former Indian polo player. He served in the 61st Cavalry and was among India’s leading polo players during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1983, he received the Arjuna Award for his achievements in polo, making him one of the rare sibling pairs — with his elder brother Colonel H. S. "Billy" Sodhi — to both receive India’s top sporting honour.

H. S. Sodhi
Colonel Harinder Singh "Billy" Sodhi, VSM (c. 1938 – 9 November 2024) was an Indian Army officer and one of India’s leading polo and equestrian sportspersons of the post-Independence era. He served in and later commanded the 61st Cavalry and the President’s Bodyguard and achieved a peak polo handicap of +5. He received the Arjuna Award in 1976 for equestrian sport, and later remained an influential advocate of India’s cavalry and equestrian traditions.
Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.

Legislative Council of Upper Canada
The Legislative Council of Upper Canada was the upper house governing the province of Upper Canada. Modelled after the British House of Lords, it was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. It was specified that the council should consist of at least seven members. Members were appointed for life but could be dropped for non-attendance. The first nine members of the council were appointed on 12 July 1792. The speaker was usually the Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench. The Legislative Council was dissolved on 10 February 1841 when Upper and Lower Canada were united into the Province of Canada. Some members were reappointed to the Legislative Council of the united Province.

Unlike the other three provinces that would initially make up the Dominion of Canada, a provincial Legislative Council was not re-established for Ontario when the province entered Confederation in 1867.
Duchy of Holstein
The Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; Danish: Hertugdømmet Holsten) was the northernmost state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It originated when King Christian I of Denmark had his County of Holstein-Rendsburg elevated to a duchy by Emperor  Frederick III in 1474. Members of the Danish House of Oldenburg ruled Holstein – jointly with the Duchy of Schleswig – for its entire existence.

From 1490 to 1523 and again from 1544 to 1773 the Duchy was partitioned between various Oldenburg branches, most notably the dukes of Holstein-Glückstadt (identical with the Kings of Denmark) and Holstein-Gottorp. The duchy ceased to exist when the Kingdom of Prussia annexed it in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War.

Holstein-Glückstadt
Holstein-Glückstadt or Schleswig-Holstein-Glückstadt is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein that were ruled by the Kings of Denmark in their function as dukes of Schleswig and Holstein, thus also known as Royal Schleswig-Holstein. Other parts of the duchies were ruled by the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. The territories of Holstein-Glückstadt are located in present-day Denmark and Germany. The main centre of administration was Segeberg and from 1648 Glückstadt (founded in 1617) on the River Elbe.
Ocoee Scenic Byway
The Ocoee Scenic Byway is a 26-mile (42 km) National Forest Scenic Byway and Tennessee Scenic Byway that traverses through the Cherokee National Forest in East Tennessee. It is part of both U.S. Route 64 and U.S. Route 74 and features the Ocoee Whitewater Center and scenic bluffs along Ocoee River and Gorge.

U.S. Route 64 in Tennessee
In Tennessee, U.S. Route 64 (US 64) stretches 404.1 miles (650.3 km) from the Mississippi River (Arkansas state line) in Memphis to the North Carolina state line near Ducktown. The highway, along with US 72, is a major route for travel between Memphis and Chattanooga.
James DeWitt Hill
James DeWitt Hill (2 March 1882 – 7 September 1927) was an early US air mail pilot, who died while attempting one of the first transatlantic flights, with Lloyd Wilson Bertaud in a Fokker F.VIIA monoplane named Old Glory.

Lloyd W. Bertaud
Lloyd Wilson Bertaud (September 20, 1895 – September 6, 1927) was an American aviator. Bertaud was selected to be the copilot in the WB-2 Columbia attempting the transatlantic crossing for the Orteig Prize in 1927. Aircraft owner Charles A. Levine wanted to fly in his place, and an injunction by Bertaud against Levine prevented the flight. Aviator Charles Lindbergh won the prize.
Cheddar Valley line
The Cheddar Valley line was a railway line in Somerset, England, running between Yatton and Witham. It was opened in parts: the first section connecting Shepton Mallet to Witham, later extended to Wells, was built by the East Somerset Railway from 1858. Later the Bristol and Exeter Railway built their branch line from Yatton to Wells, but the two lines were prevented for a time from joining up. Eventually the gap was closed, and the line became a simple through line, operated by the Great Western Railway.

The line became known as 'The Strawberry Line' because of the volume of locally grown strawberries that it carried.  It closed in 1963. Sections of the former trackbed have been opened as the Strawberry Line railway walk, which runs from Yatton to Cheddar. The southern section operates as a heritage railway using the name East Somerset Railway.

East Somerset Railway
The East Somerset Railway is a 1 mi 63 ch (2.9 km) heritage railway in Somerset, running between Cranmore and Mendip Vale. The railway was once part of the former Cheddar Valley line that ran from Witham to Yatton, meeting the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway at Wells but was considered for closure even before the publication of 'The Reshaping of British Railways' by Dr Richard Beeching in March 1963.
2018 Iranian water protests
The 2018 Iranian water protests were a series of protests in Iran involving demands for improvements in the provision of freshwater. The protests erupted after a period of severe drought in the country. Participants accused the Iranian authorities of water mismanagement, worsening the impact of the drought. The protests coincided with a series of larger protests and civil unrest in Iran.

Public demonstrations involving water demands in 2018 were first reported in mid-February. The first significant protests occurred in early March in the Isfahan province and later spread to the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr. The government responded by quelling the protests, leading to the deaths of at least two protesters and multiple injuries. Approximately 170 people were reportedly arrested in relation to the water demonstrations. The water shortages persisted and water protests erupted again in 2021.

2018 protests in Iran
The 2018 protests in Iran (Persian: اعتراضات سال ۲۰۱۸ در ایران) were a series of mass protests and a popular uprising in June 2018 calling for better economic justice in Iran, the biggest wave of anti-government demonstrations since the 2017-2018 Iranian protests.
Harry Wright
William Henry "Harry" Wright (January 10, 1835 – October 3, 1895) was an American professional baseball player, manager, and developer. He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings. He is credited with introducing innovations such as backing up infield plays from the outfield and shifting defensive alignments based on hitters' tendencies. For his contributions as a manager and developer of the game, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953 by the Veterans Committee.

Wright was the first to make baseball into a business by paying his players up to seven times the pay of the average working man.  He is the oldest former professional player in the Hall: a few other inductees were born before him, but none of them played professionally.  His younger brother George Wright is also in the Hall.

George Wright (shortstop)
George Wright (January 28, 1847 – August 21, 1937) was an American shortstop in professional baseball. He played for the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team, when he was the game's best player. He then played for the Boston Red Stockings, helping the team win six league championships from 1871 to 1878. His older brother Harry Wright managed both Red Stockings teams and made George his cornerstone. After arriving in Boston, he also entered the sporting goods business. There he continued in the industry, assisting in the development of golf.
George was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937. At the age of 90, George Wright died on August 21st, 1937 of complications from a stroke.
Jackie Fargo
Henry Faggart (June 26, 1930 – June 24, 2013) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Jackie Fargo. He competed in Southeastern regional promotions and the National Wrestling Alliance during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.

A mainstay of NWA Mid-America (later the Continental Wrestling Association), he served as a mentor to Jerry "The King" Lawler and The Fabulous Ones, among other wrestlers in the Memphis area. He was known for his blonde hair and "Fargo Strut" mannerism, having held 45 tag team championships throughout his career, with the likes of Don Fargo, Sonny "Roughhouse" Fargo, amongst others.

Sonny Fargo
Jack Lewis Faggart (July 20, 1928 – August 20, 2008) was an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling referee, better known by the ring name Sonny "Roughhouse" Fargo. He is best known for his appearances with NWA Mid-America in the 1960s and 1970s.
Laccadive Islands
The Laccadive Islands (/ˈlækədaɪv, -diːv/ LAK-ə-dyve, -⁠deev) or Kannur Islands (formerly spelled Cannanore, /ˈkænənɔːr/ KAN-ə-nor) are one of the three island subgroups in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. It is the central subgroup of the Lakshadweep, separated from the Amindivi Islands subgroup roughly by the 11th parallel north and from the atoll of Minicoy (Maliku)—far to the south—by the 9 Degree or Mamala Channel.

Formerly the Union Territory of Lakshadweep was known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands, a name that was changed to Lakshadweep by an act of Parliament in 1973.

The Laccadive subgroup are also known as the "Kannur/Cannanore Islands" after the coastal town of Kannur. The name originated in the fact that while the northern group of Amindivi had stopped in 1784 being a vassal state of the Kannur Kingdom (Arakkal) in exchange for fealty to Tippu Sultan's Kingdom of Mysore, the southern group remained loyal to Kannur.

Aminidivi
The Aminidivi Islands (Malayalam: [ɐminid̪βʷiːbɨ̆]) are one of the three island subgroups in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. It is the northern group of the Lakshadweep, separated from the Laccadive Islands subgroup roughly by the 11th parallel north. The total land area of the group is 9.26 km2.

Formerly the Union Territory was known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands, a name that was changed to Lakshadweep by an act of Parliament in 1973.
The Aminidivi group forms a taluka or subdivision. The islands of Amini, Kiltan, Chetlat, Kadmat and Bitra are inhabited. The population numbered 18,876 at the 2001 census and Islam is the main religion of the islanders.

Aminidivi has the highest recorded rainfall in India in a 24-hour period, at 1,168 mm on 2004-05-06.
Transylvanian Landlers
The Landlers or Transylvanian Landlers (German: Siebenbürger Landler or Die siebenbürgischen Landler) are an ethnic German sub-group which has been living on the territory of today's Romania, more specifically in southern Transylvania (mostly corresponding to present-day Sibiu County) since the 18th century onwards.

Their ancestors were Protestants (more specifically Lutherans), who were expelled and settled from Salzkammergut area, Austria to Transylvania near Hermannstadt (present-day Sibiu) from 1734 to 1756 under Emperor Charles VI and Empress Maria Theresa. This was done so given the fact that the Austrian Empire needed to be Roman Catholic by excellence and the Landlers refused to convert to Roman Catholicism. They speak the Transylvanian Landler dialect (German: Landlerisch) which is a southern German dialect. During the 18th century, c. 4,000 Austrian Protestants were expelled to Transylvania. They are part of the Romanian Germans.

Germans of Romania
The Germans of Romania (German: Rumäniendeutsche; Romanian: Germanii din România or germani-români; Hungarian: romániai németek) represent one of the most significant historical ethnic minorities of Romania from the modern period onwards.

Throughout the interwar period, the total number of ethnic Germans in the country amounted to as many as c. 800,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939, just on the verge of World War II), a figure which has subsequently drastically fallen to c. 36,000 (according to the 2011 census) and dropped even more to c. 22,900 (as per the 2021 Romanian census, postponed one year because of the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted in 2022).

Following the decreasing trend of the overall population of Romania, the German community of the country is expected to continue shrinking in numbers as well, as it has already been officially reported by the partial results of the 2021 census.
European route E692
European route E 692 is a European B class road in Georgia, connecting the E 60 and E 70 roads, bypassing the Black Sea city of Poti. The E 692 is officially listed between the cities of Batumi and Samtredia, and is part of the East-West Highway project in Georgia, a major investment into Georgia's international road connectivity. In the context of that project the entire 57 km S12 highway in the E 692 will be upgraded to motorway standards.

European route E60
European route E 60 is the second-longest road in the International E-road network and runs 8,200 km (5,100 mi), from Brest, France (on the Atlantic coast), to Irkeshtam, Kyrgyzstan (on the border with China).