hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timawa
The timawa were the feudal warrior class of the ancient Visayan societies of the Philippines. They were regarded as higher than the uripon (commoners, serfs, and slaves) but below the tumao (royal nobility) in the Visayan social hierarchy. They were roughly similar to the Tagalog maharlika caste.

The term later lost its military and nobility connotations and was demoted to mean "freemen" during the Spanish conquest of the Philippines. During which, the word was also introduced to the Tagalogs, who incorrectly used the term to refer to freed uripon (more correctly the matitimawa or tinimawa in Visayan) and commoners in general (tuhay or mamahay in Visayan). Eventually, the meaning of timawa in modern Visayan languages was reduced to an adjective for "impoverished".

Maharlika
The maharlika (Baybayin pre-virama: ᜋᜑᜎᜒᜃ meaning freeman or freedman) were the feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon, the Philippines. They belonged to the lower nobility class similar to the timawa of the Visayan people. In modern Filipino, however, the word has come to refer to aristocrats or to royal nobility, which was actually restricted to the hereditary maginoo class.
Ogliastro Marina
Ogliastro Marina, sometimes shortened as Ogliastro, is a southern Italian village and hamlet (frazione) of Castellabate, a municipality in the province of Salerno, Campania. As of 2009 its population was of 172.

Castellabate
Castellabate (Cilentan: Castiellabbate) is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Müritz (district)
Müritz is a former Kreis (district) in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is named after the lake Müritz. Neighboring districts were (from the west clockwise) Parchim, Güstrow, Demmin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the district-free city Neubrandenburg and the district Ostprignitz-Ruppin in Brandenburg. The district was disbanded at the district reform of September 2011. Its territory has been part of the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district since.

Mecklenburg-Strelitz (district)
Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Neighboring districts were (from the north clockwise) Demmin, Ostvorpommern Uecker-Randow, the districts Uckermark, Oberhavel and Ostprignitz-Ruppin in Brandenburg, and the district Müritz. The district-free city Neubrandenburg was nearly surrounded by the district.
Cochinchina piastre
Between 1878 and 1885, the Cochinchina piastre was the currency of the French colony of Cochinchina. It was replaced by the French Indochinese piastre after the creation of a unified administration for Cochinchina and the other French protectorates and colonies in the Far East (Annam, Cambodia and Tonkin) on 22  December 1885.

French Indochinese piastre
The piastre de commerce ("trade piastre") was the currency of French Indochina between 1887 and 1954. It was first used in 1885. It was subdivided into 100 cents, each of 2~6 sapèques.

The name piastre (French pronunciation: [pjastʁ]), from Spanish pieces of eight (pesos), dates to the 16th century and has been used as the name of many different historical units of currency.
Anatomical pathology
Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or anatomic pathology (U.S.) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs and tissues. Over the 20th century, surgical pathology has evolved tremendously: from historical examination of whole bodies (autopsy) to a more modernized practice, centered on the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer to guide treatment decision-making in oncology. Its modern founder was the Italian scientist Giovanni Battista Morgagni from Forlì.

Anatomical pathology is one of two branches of pathology, the other being clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids or tissues. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.

Histopathology
Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ἱστός histos 'tissue', πάθος pathos 'suffering', and -λογία -logia 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides. In contrast, cytopathology examines free cells or tissue micro-fragments (as "cell blocks").
Montgomery C. Meigs
Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (/ˈmɛɡz/; May 3, 1816 – January 2, 1892) was a career United States Army officer and military and civil engineer, who served as Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army during and after the American Civil War. Although a Southerner from Georgia, Meigs strongly opposed secession and supported the Union. His record as Quartermaster General was regarded as outstanding, both in effectiveness and in ethical probity, and Secretary of State William H. Seward viewed Meigs' leadership and contributions as key factors in the Union victory in the war.

Meigs was one of the principal architects of Arlington National Cemetery. Meigs's decision to locate the cemetery on Robert E. Lee's family estate, Arlington House, was partly a gesture to humiliate Lee for siding with the Confederacy.

Quartermaster General of the United States Army
The Quartermaster General of the United States Army is a general officer who is responsible for the Quartermaster Corps, the Quartermaster branch of the U.S. Army.  The Quartermaster General does not command Quartermaster units, but is primarily focused on training, doctrine and professional development of Quartermaster soldiers. The Quartermaster General also serves as the Commanding General, U.S. Army Quartermaster Center and School, Fort Gregg-Adams, Virginia, and the traditional Quartermaster Corps.
Fanny Sjöberg
Fanny Birgitta Josefin Sjöberg (born 5 November 1997) is a Swedish curler from Stockholm. She played lead on Team Isabella Wranå from 2007 to 2021, at which point she decided to step back from competitive curling.

Isabella Wranå
Isabella Marianne Peggy Wranå (born 22 June 1997) is a Swedish curler. She is a former skip of the Swedish junior women's team, with whom she won the 2017 World Junior Curling Championships. In 2018, she was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame. Competing alongside her older brother Rasmus Wranå, Wranå won the gold medal in the mixed doubles curling final at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Wranå was born in Vällingby, in Stockholm Municipality.
Monde languages
The Monde languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family.

Cinta Larga is a dialect cluster spoken by a thousand people. Other languages are Mondé, Aruáshi, Suruí, Zoro, and Gavião do Jiparaná.

Cinta Larga language
Cinta Larga is a Tupian dialect cluster of Brazil, the largest language of the Monde branch.

According to Moore (2005), Arara do Rio Guariba (Guariba River Arara), spoken in the northern part of Aripuanã Indigenous Park, is closely related to the Cinta Larga dialect cluster, and also shares some features with Suruí. 26 words were collected by Hargreaves in 2001. This language remains unclassified due to the lack of data.
James Allen's Girls' School
James Allen's Girls' School, abbreviated JAGS, is a private day school situated in Dulwich, South London, England. Founded in 1741, it is the second oldest girls’ independent school in Great Britain, with Godolphin School in Salisbury being the oldest, founded in 1726.

It is a registered charity and was originally part of Edward Alleyn's College of God's Gift charitable foundation, which also included Alleyn's School and Dulwich College.

It has a senior school for 11- to 18-year-old girls, a prep school for 7- to 11-year-old girls (James Allen's Preparatory School), and a pre-preparatory school for 4- to 7-year-old girls. It is the sister school of Dulwich College and Alleyn's.

Dulwich College
Dulwich College is a 2–18 private, day and boarding school for boys in Dulwich, London, England. As a public school, it began as the College of God's Gift, founded in 1619 by Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars. It began to grow into a large school from 1857 and took its current form in 1870, when it moved into its current premises.

The school is included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. It is a member of both the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group.

Admission by examination is mainly into years 3, 7, 9, and 12 (i.e. ages 7, 11, 13, and 16 years old) to the Junior, Lower, Middle and Upper Schools into which the college is divided. In the 2025 A-levels, the school saw 67.7% of its candidates score A*/A.
Anne Russell, Countess of Bedford
Anne Russell, Countess of Bedford (9 December 1615 – 10 May 1684), formerly Lady Anne Carr, was a wealthy English noblewoman, and the wife of William Russell, 5th Earl of Bedford, a peer and soldier during the English Civil War, who after her death was created Duke of Bedford. Her mother was Frances Howard. In about 1638, Anne was the subject of at least two portraits by Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck.

William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford
William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford (August 1616 – 7 September 1700) was an English nobleman and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 until 1641 when he inherited his Peerage as 5th Earl of Bedford and removed to the House of Lords. He fought in the Parliamentarian army and later defected to the Royalists during the English Civil War.
Li Siye
Li Siye (Chinese: 李嗣業; died March 2, 759), posthumous name Prince Zhongyong of Wuwei (武威忠勇王), was a general of the Tang dynasty. He was known to have fought at the Battle of Talas after the defeat of the primary army commanded by Gao Xianzhi, and his efforts allowed Gao to escape from the pursuit of the Abbasid Caliphate forces. Li Siye later died from battle injuries whilst fighting against rebel forces during the An Lushan Rebellion.

Gao Xianzhi
Gao Xianzhi or Ko Sŏnji (died January 24, 756) was a Tang dynasty general of Goguryeo descent. He was known as a great commander during his lifetime. He is best known for taking part in a number of military expeditions to conquer the Western Regions, over the Pamir Mountains and reaching as far as the Talas River. In 751 he commanded the Tang forces during the Battle of Talas, fighting against the Abbasid Caliphate.  The Tang defeat at the Talas River is considered to mark the end of both Tang western expansion and Abbasid eastern expansion.

Around the beginning of the year 756, Gao and fellow general Feng Changqing offended the powerful eunuch Bian Lingcheng (邊令誠) while defending the Tong Pass against the rebel An Lushan, who had rebelled in 755. Bian then accused Feng of cowardice and Gao of corruption, and both were executed.
Encompassment ordering
In theoretical computer science, in particular in automated theorem proving and term rewriting,
the containment, or encompassment, preorder (≤) on the set of terms, is defined by

s ≤ t if a subterm of t is a substitution instance of s.

It is used e.g. in the Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm.

Term (logic)
In mathematical logic, a term is an arrangement of dependent/bound symbols that denotes a mathematical object within an expression/formula. In particular, terms appear as components of a formula. This is analogous to natural language, where a noun phrase refers to an object and a whole sentence refers to a fact.

A first-order term is recursively constructed from constant symbols, variable symbols, and function symbols.
An expression formed by applying a predicate symbol to an appropriate number of terms is called an atomic formula, which evaluates to true or false in bivalent logics, given an interpretation.
For example, ⁠⁠ is a term built from the constant 1, the variable x, and the binary function symbols ⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠; it is part of the atomic formula ⁠⁠ which evaluates to true for each real-numbered value of x.

Besides in logic, terms play important roles in universal algebra, and rewriting systems.
Brian Bennett
Brian Laurence Bennett (born 9 February 1940) is an English drummer, pianist, composer and producer of popular music. He is best known as the drummer of the UK rock and roll group the Shadows. He is the father of musician and Shadows band member Warren Bennett.

Warren Bennett (musician)
Warren Bennett (born 4 July 1962) is an English musician, composer and performer.
He was educated at Mill Hill School and is the son of Brian Bennett, the Shadows' drummer. He played keyboards on tour with the Shadows on their farewell tours from 2004 till 2015, with and without one-time front man Cliff Richard. Warren's professional musical career began in 1977 when, aged 15, his first composition for television was used for ITV's Summer Promotional Campaign. Also that year he co-wrote "The Girls Back Home", which was released as a single from the Rock Dreams album by the Brian Bennett Band. This initial success, especially in television, led to him becoming not only an accomplished musician, writer and producer (with more than 70 albums) but also as an established composer for feature films.
Judith of Bohemia
Judith of Bohemia (Judita in Czech, Judyta in Polish, c. 1056/58 – 25 December 1086), also known as Judith the Přemyslid, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty and duchess of Poland by marriage. She was a daughter of Duke Vratislaus II of Bohemia and Adelaide of Hungary, and was married to Władysław Herman.

Adelaide of Hungary
Adelaide of Hungary (c. 1040 – 27 January 1062) was the only daughter of King Andrew I of Hungary. It has generally been assumed that her mother was Anastasia of Kiev, but it has been hypothesised that Adelaide could be the result of Andrew I and a different wife, due to the idea that Yaroslav the Wise would t marry his daughter to an exiled dynast, who did not appear to have a strong claim to the throne, for which he would not gain serious support for until 1045, five years after Adelaide is thought to have been born.
Samsung Galaxy A25 5G
The Samsung Galaxy A25 5G is a mid-range Android smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Samsung Electronics as a part of its Galaxy A series. It was announced on 11 December 2023 and was released along with the Samsung Galaxy A15 5 days later.

Starting from this release, only a 5G model would be released with its predecessor being the last A2x model to be released with 4G connectivity only.

Samsung Galaxy A24
The Samsung Galaxy A24 is an Android-based smartphone designed, developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics as a part of its Galaxy A series. This phone was announced on April 19, 2023.

Unlike its predecessor, there was no 5G version of this device. It also marks the last A2x device that only has LTE support, as its successor is available only in a 5G version.
Aisonia
Aisonia (Greek: Αισωνία) is a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Volos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 75.504 km2. Population 3,249 (2011). The seat of the municipality was in Dimini. The name of the municipality comes from Aeson, king of ancient Iolcus.

Dimini
Dimini (Greek: Διμήνι; older form: Diminion) is a village near the city of Volos, in Thessaly (central Greece), in Magnesia. It was the seat of the municipality of Aisonia. The name Aisonia dates back to ancient times. Currently, Dimini is the westernmost place in the Volos area. The Dimini area contains both a Mycenean settlement and a Neolithic settlement. The Neolithic settlement in Dimini was discovered near the end of the 19th century and was first excavated by the archaeologists Christos Tsountas and Valerios Stais.

The palace of ancient Iolcos is believed to be located in modern-day Dimini, where, in 2001, a Mycenaean palace was excavated.
WSNN-LD
WSNN-LD (channel 39) is a low-power television station in Sarasota, Florida, United States. Owned by Nexstar Media Group as sister to NBC affiliate WFLA-TV (channel 8) and CW owned-and-operated station WTTA (channel 38), the station's Suncoast News Network (SNN) service provides news coverage focusing primarily on the North Port–Bradenton–Sarasota Metropolitan Statistical Area (including Sarasota, Manatee, and Charlotte counties). In addition to airing syndicated programming seen on its sister stations, it also carries programming from the MyNetworkTV syndication service as a prime time offering. SNN originally operated in conjunction with then-sister newspaper Sarasota Herald-Tribune, and is headquartered on 6th Street in downtown Sarasota. The station's transmitter is located on Fruitville Road in unincorporated Sarasota County.

WFLA-TV
WFLA-TV (channel 8) is a television station licensed to Tampa, Florida, United States, serving as the NBC affiliate for the Tampa Bay area. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside CW owned-and-operated station WTTA (channel 38) and Sarasota-based low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate WSNN-LD (channel 39). WFLA-TV and WTTA share studios on South Parker Street in downtown Tampa; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using WFLA-TV's spectrum from a transmitter in Riverview, Florida.
New York State Route 378
New York State Route 378 (NY 378) is a state highway in the Capital District of New York in the United States. It runs from Loudonville to Troy and traverses the Hudson River via the Menands Bridge. NY 378 once connected to Menands Road in the village of Menands; however, Menands Road has since been split in two by a now-closed exit ramp. NY 378 connects the western part of Menands Road with Troy. It also connects with NY 377 at Van Rensselaer Boulevard. NY 378 continues west of U.S. Route 9 (US 9) as Osborne Road (County Route 154). At its eastern terminus, NY 378 continues north as US 4. US 4 southbound is accessed by an eastward turn at the terminus.

New York State Route 377
New York State Route 377 (NY 377) is a north–south state highway located within Albany County, New York, in the United States. The four-lane route extends for 1.76 miles (2.83 km) through mostly residential areas from an interchange with U.S. Route 9 (US 9) in the city of Albany to an intersection with NY 378 in the village of Menands. NY 377 was assigned to its current alignment in the mid-1930s.
Diascopy
Diascopy is a test for blanchability performed by applying pressure with a finger or glass slide and observing color changes.

It is used to determine whether a lesion is vascular (inflammatory or congenital), nonvascular (nevus), or hemorrhagic (petechia or purpura). Hemorrhagic lesions and nonvascular lesions do not blanch ("negative diascopy"); inflammatory lesions do ("positive diascopy"). Diascopy is sometimes used to identify sarcoid skin lesions, which, when tested, turn an apple jelly color.

Diascopy with glassware is used as a method of diagnosing bacterial meningitis, as the rashes caused by the illness are non-blanching.

Blanch (medical)
When skin is blanched, it takes on a whitish appearance as blood flow to the region is prevented.  This occurs during and is the basis of the physiologic test known as diascopy.

Blanching of the fingers is also one of the most clinically evident signs of Raynaud's phenomenon.

Blanching is prevented in gangrene as the red blood corpuscles are extravasated and impart red color to the gangrenous part.
Province of Mantua
The province of Mantua (Italian: provincia di Mantova; Mantuan, Lower Mantuan: pruvincia ad Mantua; Upper Mantuan: pruinsa de Mantua) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Mantua. It is bordered to the north-east by the province of Verona, to the east by the province of Rovigo, to the south by the province of Ferrara, province of Modena, province of Reggio Emilia, and province of Parma, to the west by the province of Cremona, and to the north-west by the province of Brescia.

Province of Ferrara
The province of Ferrara (Italian: provincia di Ferrara; Emilian: pruvîncia ad Fràra) is a province in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Its capital is the city of Ferrara. As of May 2023, it has a population of 338,143 inhabitants over an area of 2,635.12 square kilometres (1,017.43 sq mi). The province contains 23 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the list of comuni of the province of Ferrara. Its provincial president is Gianni Michele Padovani.
Ernie Wilkins
Ernest Brooks Wilkins Jr. (July 20, 1922 – June 5, 1999) was an American jazz saxophonist, conductor and arranger who spent several years with Count Basie. He also wrote for Tommy Dorsey, Harry James, and Dizzy Gillespie. He was musical director for albums by Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, Oscar Peterson, and Buddy Rich.

Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
Japan Women's Open
The Japan Women's Open, currently sponsored by the Kinoshita Group (formerly Japan Women's Open Tennis), is a professional women's tennis tournament played annually on outdoor hardcourts in Osaka, Japan. The event is affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and is an WTA 250 tournament on the WTA Tour. As successor to the Japan Open (where men and women played simultaneously, up to 2008) the event was held in women-only form for the first time in 2009, and was the second tournament of the season held in Japan: the Pan Pacific Open, a Premier 5 tournament, was held two weeks before. In 2015, the event was moved from Osaka to Tokyo and in 2018 to Hiroshima, before returning to Osaka in 2023 after a three year hiatus.

Japan Open (tennis)
The Japan Open, currently sponsored by the Kinoshita Group, is a men's tennis tournament held in Ariake Tennis Forest Park with its center court Ariake Coliseum, located in Koto, Tokyo. It has been held since 1972. In 2018, the venue switched to the Musashino Forest Sports Plaza as the Ariake Coliseum was renovated for the tennis events at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The championship includes men's singles and doubles competitions.