hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Knutsson
Karl Knutsson Bonde (c. 1408–1470), also known as Charles VIII and called Charles I in Norwegian contexts, was King of Sweden (1448–1457, 1464–1465 and 1467–1470) and King of Norway (1449–1450).

He rose in Swedish politics because Erik of Pomerania was unpopular and became regent after a rebellion by Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson. He held powerful posts, notably in Finland, where he acted semi-independently. After King Christopher's death in 1448, Karl was elected king of Sweden and briefly king of Norway (1449–1450), but was forced to relinquish the latter to Christian I of Denmark. His rule faced opposition from the nobility and church, especially amid war with Denmark from 1451. His consolidation of power alienated key factions like the Oxenstierna and Vasa families, leading to growing resistance that resulted in two rebellions, in 1457 and 1464.

War of Deposition against Karl Knutsson
The War of Deposition against Karl Knutsson (Swedish: Avsättningskriget mot Karl Knutsson), also called the crisis of 1457 (Swedish: krisen 1457) and Jöns Bengtsson's Throne Usurpation of 1457 (Swedish: Jöns Bengtssons tronomvälvning år 1457) occurred in the winter of 1457 during the final stages of the Dano-Swedish War of 1449–1457.

It started when Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) and other pro-unionists took advantage of Karl Knutsson's absence in Östergötland, formally rebelling after Jöns Bengtsson renounced his loyalty. During the rebellion, both sides fought a battle at Älgsundet, ending in a crushing rebel victory and forcing Karl Knutsson to retreat back to Stockholm, which capitulated on 24 February after Karl Knutsson escaped to Danzig.
Starvation (computer science)
In computer science, resource starvation is a problem encountered in concurrent computing where a process is perpetually denied necessary resources to process its work. Starvation may be caused by errors in a scheduling or mutual exclusion algorithm, but can also be caused by resource leaks, and can be intentionally caused via a denial-of-service attack such as a fork bomb.

When starvation is impossible in a concurrent algorithm, the algorithm is called starvation-free, lockout-freed or said to have finite bypass. This property is an instance of liveness, and is one of the two requirements for any mutual exclusion algorithm; the other being correctness. The name "finite bypass" means that any process (concurrent part) of the algorithm is bypassed at most a finite number times before being allowed access to the shared resource.

Concurrent computing
Concurrent computing is a form of computing in which several computations are executed concurrently—during overlapping time periods—instead of sequentially—with one completing before the next starts.

This is a property of a system—whether a program, computer, or a network—where there is a separate execution point or "thread of control" for each process. A concurrent system is one where a computation can advance without waiting for all other computations to complete.

Concurrent computing is a form of modular programming. In its paradigm an overall computation is factored into subcomputations that may be executed concurrently. Pioneers in the field of concurrent computing include Edsger Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen, and C.A.R. Hoare.
Torre de Moncorvo mines
The Torre de Moncorvo mines are a group of iron ore mines located in Torre de Moncorvo, Bragança in northeastern Portugal. Their deposits are among the largest in Europe, with estimated reserves of 2.56 billion tonnes of ore grading 37% iron metal.

They have been exploited at a small scale since the Iron Age by local communities. Over time, the mines developed through proto-industrial operations in the 18th and 19th centuries and became a major industrial site in the 20th century, employing up to 1,500 miners in the 1950s. Modern attempts to reactivate mining operations by Aethel Mining, were initiated in the 2020s but were halted by the Portuguese government in 2025, over lack of activity and contractual non-compliance.

Aethel Mining
Aethel Mining is a British mining company headquartered in London and owned by Ricardo Santos Silva and Aba Schubert. Aethel Mining is the operator of the Torre de Moncorvo mines in Portugal, the largest private iron ore deposit in Europe. The mine had been dormant for over 37 years before the Portuguese Directorate-General for Energy and Geology gave the mining concession to Aethel Mining in November 2019.
Savanes Region, Togo
Savanes Region (French: Région des Savanes) is the northernmost of the five Regions of Togo. Dapaong is the regional capital and largest city.  Another major town in the region is Mango.

Savanes is divided into the prefectures of Cinkassé, Kpendjal, Kpendjal-Ouest, Oti, Oti-Sud, Tandjouaré, and Tône.

To the south of Savanes is Kara Region, its only domestic border.  It shares borders with the following foreign areas:

Northern Region, Ghana: southwest

Upper East Region, Ghana: west

Boulgou Province, Burkina Faso: far northwest

Koulpélogo Province, Burkina Faso: northwest

Kompienga Province, Burkina Faso: northeast

Atakora Department, Benin: east

Savanes is the only region that borders Burkina Faso.

Regions of Togo
Regions (French: régions) are the first-level administrative divisions of Togo. They are subdivided into prefectures, which can be further broken down into communes. Each region has an elected regional government and a capital city that acts as its administrative seat. The regional governments have jurisdiction over some local affairs, but most powers are shared with the national government.
Udayapur District
Udayapur District (Nepali: उदयपुर जिल्लाListenⓘ, is one of the 14 districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district, with Triyuga as its district headquarters, covers an area of 2,063 km2 (797 sq mi) and in 2001 had a population of 287,689, in 2011 of 317,532, in 2021 of 342,773

Rivers and hills form natural borders for Udayapur District. The Koshi River to the east separates it from Sunsari District and the Sun Kosi River to the north separates it from Bhojpur and Khotang Districts. The Tawa Khola separates it from Sindhuli District to the west and the Siwalik foothills to the south separate it from the outer Tarai of Siraha and Saptari. The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve lies to the east in Udayapur, Sunsari and Saptari Districts.

According to the former administrative divisions of Nepal, Udayapur falls in Eastern Development Region in Sagarmatha Zone.

Triyuga Municipality
Triyuga (Nepali: त्रियुगा) is one of the eight municipalities of Udayapur district of the Koshi Pradesh of Nepal. Gaighat is the headquarter of the municipality. According to the 2021 Nepal census the total population of the municipality is 103,475. It is divided into 16 wards. Triyuga Municipality was established on B.S. Chaitra 13, 2053 (26 March 1997). It was named after Triyuga River. A river which flows through the town. Triyuga is the 3rd largest municipality in Nepal and 1st largest in Koshi Pradesh in term of size (area). The total area of the municipality is 547.43 square kilometres (211.36 mi2).

Almost all facilities are available in the town. Schools, colleges, Hospitals and clinics are available in the town. There are six police stations and armed police force in the town, and an army barrack is also situated in the city.
John H. Brown Jr.
John Herbert "Babe" Brown, Jr. (October 12, 1891 – June 10, 1963) was a decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of vice admiral during World War II and an American football player. A graduate of the United States Naval Academy, Brown trained as submariner and served successively as commander, Submarine Squadron 4 and commander Training Command, Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet in the opening years of World War II. Brown was then promoted to rear admiral and commanded Cruiser Division One during the bombardment of Japan in summer 1945.

Following the War, Brown remained in the Navy and commanded successively Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet and Fourth Naval District, before retiring in January 1954.

Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet
The Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMSUBPAC) is the principal advisor to the Commander, United States Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT) for submarine matters.  The Pacific Submarine Force (SUBPAC) includes attack, ballistic missile and auxiliary submarines, submarine tenders, floating submarine docks, deep submergence vehicles and submarine rescue vehicles throughout the Pacific.

The Force provides anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface ship warfare, precision land strike, mine warfare, intelligence, surveillance and early warning and special warfare capabilities to the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and strategic deterrence capabilities to the U.S. Strategic Command.

COMSUBPAC's mission is to provide the training, logistical plans, manpower and operational plans and support and tactical development necessary to maintain the ability of the Force to respond to both peacetime and wartime demands.
Patrick Peterson
Patrick De'mon Peterson Jr. (né Johnson; born July 11, 1990) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for 13 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the LSU Tigers, where he won the Chuck Bednarik Award as the best defensive player in the country, and the Jim Thorpe Award as the best defensive back. He is regarded as one of the greatest cornerbacks of his era.

Peterson was selected fifth overall by the Arizona Cardinals in the first round of the 2011 NFL draft. A member of the NFL 2010s All-Decade Team, Peterson was selected to the Pro Bowl in each of his first eight seasons in the NFL and was named to the All-Pro first-team on three occasions. In 2021, he signed with the Minnesota Vikings as a free agent after 10 seasons with Arizona. After two seasons with Minnesota, he spent his final season with the Pittsburgh Steelers.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Liberty County, Montana
Liberty County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,959. Its county seat is Chester. The decision to separate the future Liberty County area from the previous Hill and Chouteau counties was carried in a 1919 vote; the organization was authorized to commence in the following February.

The southwestern corner of Liberty County holds Tiber Dam, a popular tourist and recreation area.

Hill County, Montana
Hill County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,309. Its county seat is Havre. It lies along the United States border with Canada, abutting Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Part of its territory is within the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation, which is held by the federally recognized Chippewa-Cree Tribe.
Cisco IOS
The Internetworking Operating System (IOS) is a family of proprietary network operating systems used on several router and network switch models manufactured by Cisco Systems. The system is a package of routing, switching, internetworking, and telecommunications functions integrated into a multitasking operating system. Although the IOS code base includes a cooperative multitasking kernel, most IOS features have been ported to other kernels, such as Linux and QNX, for use in Cisco products.

Not all Cisco networking products run IOS. Exceptions include some Cisco Catalyst switches, which run IOS XE, and Cisco ASR routers, which run either IOS XE or IOS XR; both are Linux-based operating systems. For data center environments, Cisco Nexus switches (Ethernet) and Cisco MDS switches (Fibre Channel) both run Cisco NX-OS, also a Linux-based operating system.

Cisco IOS XE
IOS XE is a release train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetworking Operating System (IOS), introduced with the ASR 1000 series.

It is built on Linux and provides a distributed software architecture that moves many operating system responsibilities out of the IOS process and has a copy of IOS running as a separate process. Since it runs a copy of IOS, all CLI commands are the same between Cisco IOS and IOS XE, in contrast to IOS XR, which has a completely different code base and whose developers implemented a different CLI command set.
Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.

Pío Pico
Don Pío de Jesús Pico IV (May 5, 1801 – September 11, 1894) was a Californio politician, ranchero, and entrepreneur, famous for serving as the last governor of Alta California under Mexican rule from 1845 to 1846. He briefly held the governorship during a disputed period in 1832. A member of the prominent Pico family of California, he was one of the wealthiest men in California at the time and a hugely influential figure in Californian society, continuing as a citizen of the nascent U.S. state of California.

His legacy can be seen in the numerous places named after him, such as the city of Pico Rivera, Pico Boulevard in Los Angeles, Pio Pico State Historic Park, and numerous schools that bear his name.
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (1579 – 30 July 1624), KG, 7th Seigneur d'Aubigny, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was a Scottish nobleman and through his paternal lines was a second cousin of King James VI of Scotland and I of England. He was a patron of the playwright Ben Jonson who lived in his household for five years.

Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox, 6th Seigneur d'Aubigny (c. 1542 – 26 May 1583) of the Château d'Aubigny at Aubigny-sur-Nère in the ancient province of Berry, France, was a Catholic French nobleman of Scottish ancestry who, on his move to Scotland at the age of 37, became a favourite of the 13-year-old King James VI of Scotland (who was later also King James I of England). Esmé Stewart was the first cousin of James' father, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley (son and heir apparent of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox). Despite his conversion to Calvinism he was never trusted by the Scots and returned to France where he ended his days. Sir James Melville described him as "of nature upright, just and gentle". He was the first to popularise the first name Esmé (spelt also Edme, etc.) in the British Isles.
Greengates
Greengates is a small suburban area in the north-east of the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, in England. The area is bordered by Idle and Thackley to the north-west, whilst Thorpe Edge is to the west. To the south of Greengates is Ravenscliffe with the village of Eccleshill beyond that. Apperley Bridge is to the north. East of Greengates, in the Leeds Metropolitan District, is the village of Calverley.

Thorpe Edge
Thorpe Edge is a housing estate located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The estate is situated off Harrogate Road in the north-east of the city, and borders Idle, Five Lane Ends, Greengates and Eccleshill.
Thrasher (wrestler)
Glenn Ruth (born June 13, 1969) is an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name, Thrasher. For much of his career he has teamed with Mosh, most famously as The Headbangers, a pair of metal-heads known for their outrageous costumes such as nose rings and kilts. Thrasher is best known for his stints in the World Wrestling Federation between 1990 and 2000, where he held the WWF World Tag Team Championship and WWF Hardcore Championship.

WWE Hardcore Championship
The WWE Hardcore Championship was a hardcore wrestling championship in the WWF (now WWE) which was contested under "hardcore" rules (no disqualifications, no countouts, and pinfalls count anywhere). In the latter part of the title's history, a rule was implemented allowing anyone to challenge the champion at any place or time, provided a referee was present (dubbed the "24/7 rule"). It is considered one of the most defining titles of the Attitude Era. It was established on November 2, 1998, with Mankind as the inaugural champion. On August 26, 2002, it was unified with the WWE Intercontinental Championship by Rob Van Dam, the final Hardcore Champion.
2008 Illinois earthquake
The 2008 Illinois earthquake was one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded in the Midwest state of Illinois. This moderate strike-slip shock measured 5.2 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). It occurred at 04:36:59 local time on April 18 near Bellmont and Mount Carmel, Illinois, within the Wabash Valley seismic zone. Earthquakes in this part of the country are often felt at great distances.

Wabash Valley seismic zone
The Wabash Valley seismic zone (also known as the Wabash Valley fault system or fault zone) is a tectonic region located in the Midwestern United States, centered on the valley of the lower Wabash River, along the state line between southeastern Illinois and southwestern Indiana.
Thirrë-Kalimash Tunnel
The Thirrë-Kalimash Tunnel is a highway tunnel in Thirrë, Albania, part of the A1 Albania–Kosovo Highway. It is part of the South-East European Route 7. The tunnel is of great importance and, combined with the highway, has reduced the travel time between Tirana and the Kosovo border from 8 hours to 3 hours, with an estimated speed of 80–110 km/h. It has served to boost Kosovan tourism in Albania and deepened cultural and economic ties between the two countries.

The structure is 5490 m long, which made it the longest tunnel in Albania when opened. However, it has since lost this title with the opening of the 5990 m long Llogara Tunnel on the SH 8.

In 2018, toll booths started being installed on the eastern extremity of the tunnel near Kolsh as part of making the A1 the first toll highway in Albania. As of 2024, toll booths are open and passenger cars are charged €5.

Llogara Tunnel
The Llogara Tunnel is a tunnel located in the south of Albania about 20 km from Vlora. The tunnel that cuts through the Llogara National Park, has a length of 6 kilometers and is the longest in the country. It is expected to significantly improve travel times between the Albanian Riviera and other parts of the country.
James Boswell
James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck (/ˈbɒzwɛl, -wəl/; 29 October 1740 (N.S.) – 19 May 1795), was a Scottish biographer, diarist, and lawyer, born in Edinburgh. He is best known for his biography of the English writer Samuel Johnson, Life of Samuel Johnson, which is commonly said to be the greatest biography written in the English language. A great mass of Boswell's diaries, letters, and private papers were recovered from the 1920s to the 1950s, and their publication by Yale University has transformed his reputation.

Life of Samuel Johnson
The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. by James Boswell is a 1791 biography of English writer and literary critic Samuel Johnson. The work was from the beginning a universal critical and popular success, and represents a landmark in the development of the modern genre of biography. Many have called it the greatest biography written in English, one of the greatest biographies ever written, and among the greatest nonfiction books of all time. The book is valued as both an important source of information on Johnson and his times, as well as an important and enduring work of literature.
Christiana High School
Christiana High School (CHS) is a public high school in unincorporated New Castle County, Delaware and has a Newark postal address. It is a part of the Christina School District. CHS serves a portion of Wilmington including the Shipley Run and West 9th Street historic districts. In the suburbs, it serves parts of Brookside and Bear.

Christina School District
The Christina School District is a Delaware public school district located primarily in the Newark area and a non-contiguous portion of Wilmington.   The district office is located on the property of Glasgow High School in New Castle County, with Dr. Deirdra Joyner as the current superintendent.

The district includes Newark, Brookside, central portions of Wilmington, most of Glasgow, about half of Bear, half of North Star, and parts of Pike Creek and Pike Creek Valley.
Music director
A music director, musical director or director of music is a person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization. This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band, the director of music of a film, the director of music at a radio station, the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school, the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university, college, or institution (but not usually the head of the academic music department), the head bandmaster of a military band, the head organist and choirmaster of a church, or an organist and master of the choristers (the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly in England).

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.
Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.

Alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, and is the leading cause of death from excessive drinking. Although steatosis (fatty liver disease) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible. More than 90% of all heavy drinkers develop fatty liver whilst about 25% develop the more severe alcoholic hepatitis, and 15% liver cirrhosis.

For patients with chronic hepatitis B, a strict adherence to abstinence from alcohol is highly recommended.