hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalašma language
The Kalašma language, or Kalasmaic, is an extinct Anatolian language spoken in the late Bronze Age polity of Kalašma, which lay on the northwest fringe of the Hittite Empire, likely in or around what is now the Turkish province of Bolu.

Anatolian languages
The Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which is considered the earliest-attested Indo-European language.

Undiscovered until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Anatolian languages are often believed to be the earliest branch to have split from the Proto Indo-European family. Once discovered, the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics. While Hittite attestation ends after the Bronze Age, hieroglyphic Luwian survived until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms by the Semitic Assyrian Empire, and alphabetic inscriptions in Anatolian languages are fragmentarily attested until the early 1st millennium AD, eventually succumbing to the Hellenization of Anatolia as a result of Greek colonisation.
Hanzade Sultan (daughter of Şehzade Ömer Faruk)
Zehra Hanzade Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: زهرة هان زاده سلطان) called also Hanzade Osmanoğlu; 12 September 1923 – 19 March 1998) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Şehzade Ömer Faruk, the son of the last caliph, Abdulmejid II, and Şehsuvar Hanım. Her mother was Sabiha Sultan, daughter of Sultan Mehmed VI and Nazikeda Kadın.

Sabiha Sultan
Rukiye Sabiha Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: رقیہ صبیحه سلطان; after 1952 legally Sabiha Osmanoğlu; 19 March 1894 – 26 August 1971) was an Ottoman princess, the third and last daughter of Sultan Mehmed VI and his main wife Nazikeda Kadın. She was the first wife of Şehzade Ömer Faruk, son of Caliph Abdulmejid II and Şehsuvar Hanım.
Princess Isabella of Bavaria
Princess Isabella of Bavaria (Marie Elisabeth Luise Amalie Elvire Blanche Eleonore; 31 August 1863 – 26 February 1924) was the third child and eldest daughter of Prince Adalbert of Bavaria and his wife Infanta Amalia of Spain. By her marriage to Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa, she became referred to as the Duchess of Genoa.

Infanta Amalia of Spain
Infanta Amalia of Spain (Spanish: Amalia de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; 12 October 1834 – 27 August 1905) was the youngest daughter of Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain. Her eldest brother, Francisco de Asís, married Queen Isabella II of Spain, who was Amalia's first cousin. She was one of only two of five sisters who made a royal marriage. In 1856, she married Prince Adalbert of Bavaria, a son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. Upon her marriage, she moved to Munich, where she spent the rest of her life. However, she remained attached to her native country and was instrumental in arranging the marriage of her eldest son Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria with her niece Infanta Paz of Spain.
Yang Renquan
Yang Renquan (仰仁詮) (died 940s) was a general and politician of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms state Wuyue, eventually reaching the position of chancellor.  His daughter was the second wife of Wuyue's third king Qian Hongzuo.

Consort Yang (Wuyue)
Consort Yang, titled  Yuanfei  (仰元妃), was the second wife of Qian Hongzuo (King Zhongxian), the third king of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Wuyue — and the only known wife when he was king.

Little is known about Consort Yang herself.  Her father Yang Renquan was a prominent general under Qian Hongzuo's father Qian Yuanguan (King Wenmu), reaching the title of military governor (Jiedushi).  In 943, Qian Hongzuo, whose first wife Lady Du had died, married her as his second wife.  She died not long after, however.
Duane Ludwig
Duane Paul Ludwig (born August 4, 1978) is an American mixed martial arts coach, retired professional kickboxer and mixed martial artist.

Ludwig formerly held the unofficial fastest knockout record in the UFC after his win against Jonathan Goulet (in 0:06)  at UFC Fight Night 3. Ludwig was regarded as a top lightweight in the world during 2003 and 2004, for his victories over Jens Pulver at UCC 12 and Genki Sudo at UFC 42, up until a loss to B.J. Penn at K-1 MMA: Romanex. Ludwig has also received acclaim for his role in the success of Team Alpha Male operating out of Sacramento, California, which is home to numerous highly ranked mixed martial artists who have competed in organizations such as the Ultimate Fighting Championship and World Extreme Cagefighting.

Jonathan Goulet
Jonathan Goulet (born July 13, 1979) is a Canadian retired mixed martial artist. A professional from 2001 until 2010, Goulet fought in the UFC. He earned his nickname, "The Road Warrior," after taking a fight on very short notice, traveling to the fight venue without his trainers or cornermen. During his career he was noted for his ever-changing hair colors and using his hair to advertise sponsors.
Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger
Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger (24 June 1587 – 6 August 1639) was a Flemish-Danish architect who specialised in the Dutch Renaissance style, typical of prestigious Danish buildings from the first half of the 17th century. Along with his brother Lorenz van Steenwinckel he was responsible for most of King Christian IV's many ambitious building projects.

He was the son of Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder and the father of Hans van Steenwinckel the Youngest and probably also the building master and engineer Oluf van Steenwinckel.

Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder
Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder (c. 1550 – 10 May 1601) was a Flemish-Danish architect and sculptor. He worked on a large number of the most important Danish buildings of his time, although the exact scope of his contributions in many cases remains uncertain and much have been demolished or redesigned later. The father of Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger and Lorenz van Steenwinckel, he also founded a dynasty of architects and sculptors in Denmark.
Chamber (character)
Chamber (Jonothon Evan Starsmore; alternatively spelled Jonothan) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually associated with the X-Men and the New Warriors.

A British mutant, Jono possesses the ability to cast energy blasts from his chest. He had limited control of his power and destroyed much of his chest and lower face when his powers emerged. Chamber lost his powers on M-Day, which left him near death until Clan Akkaba restored his body and transformed him into a form resembling Apocalypse. Following his transformation, Chamber joined the New Warriors, utilizing technology that gave him sonic-based abilities. Chamber regained his powers and original appearance after the events of Age of X.

Jonothon was a member of the X-Men junior team Generation X. He was sullen and moody and had difficulty bonding with teammates. He has since been offered a permanent position in the X-Men's teaching staff.

Clan Akkaba
Clan Akkaba is a fictional cult appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The cult appears in X-Men comic books and was created by Frank Tieri and Clayton Henry. Members of the cult are the descendants of the mutant supervillain Apocalypse and first appeared in the X-Men: Apocalypse vs. Dracula miniseries.
Japan Pension Service
The Japan Pension Service (日本年金機構, Nihon nenkin kikō) is a government organization administered by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. On January 1, 2010, it replaced the Social Insurance Agency.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働省, Kōsei-rōdō-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Health and Labour'; MHLW) is a cabinet level ministry of the Japanese government. It is commonly known as Kōrō-shō (厚労省) in Japan. The ministry provides services on health, labour and welfare.

The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare is a member of the Cabinet and is chosen by the Prime Minister, typically from among members of the Diet.
Crown Airways
Crown Airways was a regional airline operating for USAir Express (Then US Airways Express) with its headquarters on the grounds of DuBois Regional Airport in Washington Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, near Falls Creek. Allegheny Commuter was the brand name for the regional affiliate of Allegheny Airlines, under which a number of individually owned commuter air carriers operate short and medium haul routes. The airline is often credited as the first code-share agreement between a major airline and smaller commuters.

US Airways Express
US Airways Express was the brand name for the regional affiliate of US Airways, under which a number of individually owned commuter air carriers and regional airlines operate short and medium haul routes. This code sharing service was previously operated as USAir Express.  Mainline carriers often outsource to regional airlines to operate services in order to increase frequency, serve routes that would not sustain larger aircraft, or for other competitive reasons. US Airways Express operations were conducted from smaller markets in the United States, Canada, and the Bahamas primarily centered on US Airways' major hubs and focus cities.

Upon the completion of US Airways' merger process with American Airlines, US Airways Express was rebranded as American Eagle on October 17, 2015.
José Villegas (footballer, born 1934)
José Gerardo "Jamaicón" Villegas Tavares (20 June 1934 – 24 December 2021) was a Mexican footballer who played as a defender.

Villegas spent the majority of his professional career at Guadalajara. Together with Sabás Ponce, he holds the record for the most league titles won in Mexican football.

On the international stage, Villegas represented Mexico at the FIFA World Cup in 1958 and 1962.

Sabás Ponce
Sabás Ponce Labastida (13 January 1938 – 4 October 2021) was a Mexican footballer who played as a midfielder.

A one-club man, Ponce spent his whole career with Guadalajara and, together with José Villegas, stands as co-holder of the record for the most league titles in Mexican football.
Roe III Triplane
The Roe III Triplane was an early aircraft designed by the British aircraft manufacturer Avro. In configuration, it was similar to the Roe II Triplane, with a triplane tailplane and an open-top fuselage of triangular cross-section, but the Roe III was a two-seater, and featured ailerons for the first time in a Roe design. The five (some sources give three) production machines differed from the prototype in having the ailerons fitted to the middle wing (the prototype's were on the upper wing) and in being powered by a Green engine in place of the prototype's JAP.

One example was sold to the Harvard Aeronautical Society, one was exported to the United States, and two others suffered a curious fate while en route to the 1910 Blackpool Meeting - sparks from the steam locomotive taking them to Blackpool set fire to the aircraft. Roe was able to quickly replace them with new aircraft built from spare parts.

Roe II Triplane
The Roe II Triplane, sometimes known as the Mercury, was an early British aircraft and the first product of the Avro company. It was designed by Alliott Verdon Roe as a sturdier development of his wood-and-paper Roe I Triplane. Two examples were built, one as a display machine for Roe's new firm, and the second was sold to W. G. Windham. The longest recorded flight made by the Roe II Triplane was 600 ft (180 m).
Mary Johnson (singer)
Mary Johnson (March 29, 1898 or 1900 – July 20, 1983) was an American classic female blues singer, accordionist and songwriter. Her most noted tracks are "Dream Daddy Blues" and "Western Union Blues." She wrote several of the songs she recorded, including "Barrel House Flat Blues", "Key to the Mountain Blues" and "Black Men Blues." Johnson worked with Peetie Wheatstraw, Tampa Red, Kokomo Arnold and Roosevelt Sykes, among others. She was married to the blues musician Lonnie Johnson.

Lonnie Johnson (musician)
Alonzo "Lonnie" Johnson (February 8, 1899 – June 16, 1970) was an American blues and jazz singer, guitarist, violinist and songwriter. He was a pioneer of jazz guitar and jazz violin and is recognized as the first to play an electrically amplified violin.
Cassie Hack
Cassandra "Cassie" Hack is a fictional character that appears as the main protagonist in the Hack/Slash comic books published by Devil's Due Publishing. The character first appears in Hack/Slash: Euthanized (April 2004), and was created by writer and occasional penciller Tim Seeley.

Seeley has repeatedly stated that Cassie is designed to be a horror victim who has overcome her fears and decided to take revenge on horror villains, who are known in the comic as "slashers". However, despite her hardened exterior, Seeley has tried to show that "beneath [the surface Cassie] is still [a] lost, scared innocent girl".

In 2005, Stefani Bishop portrayed Cassie in a stage adaptation of Hack/Slash called Hack/Slash: Stagefright.  A film adaptation of Hack/Slash was in development by Rogue Pictures.

Hack/Slash
Hack/Slash is a comic book series, launched from several one shots of the same name, published by Image Comics (previously by Devil's Due Publishing). The series was created by writer and sometime penciller Tim Seeley. The series follows horror victim Cassie Hack as she strikes back at the monsters who prey upon teenagers. These monsters are known as "slashers", and are a mix of original villains and crossover appearances, such as the appearance of Re-Animator (from Herbert West–Reanimator) in Volume 1.
Carver–Hawkeye Arena
The Carver–Hawkeye Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Iowa City, Iowa. Opened in 1983, it is the home court for the University of Iowa Hawkeyes men's and women's basketball teams, as well as the university's wrestling and gymnastics teams. It was named for the late industrialist Roy J. Carver of Muscatine, Iowa, a prominent statewide booster who donated $9.2 million to the University of Iowa before his death in 1981.  Prior to the arena's opening, Iowa's athletic teams played at the Iowa Field House.

Iowa Hawkeyes wrestling
The University of Iowa men's wrestling program is one of the most successful NCAA Division I athletic programs. The Hawkeyes are 37 time Big Ten Conference champions and second in NCAA history with 24 National Championships.
Oreoicidae
Oreoicidae is a newly recognized family of small insectivorous songbirds from New Guinea and Australia, commonly known as the Australo-Papuan bellbirds. The family contains three genera, each containing a single species: Aleadryas, which contains the rufous-naped bellbird; Ornorectes, which contains the piping bellbird; and Oreoica, which contains the crested bellbird.

Piping bellbird
The piping bellbird (Ornorectes cristatus), or crested pitohui, is a species of bird in the family Oreoicidae. It was previously placed in the family Pachycephalidae.

It is found on New Guinea.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.
Macintosh conversion
To date, two methods have been used to make a personal computer, not offered by Apple, but able to run a Mac operating system: either create a Macintosh conversion or build a Macintosh clone.

Unlike Mac clones that contain little or no original Apple hardware, Mac conversions are essentially modification kits that require the core components of a previously purchased, genuine Apple Mac computer, such as the Macintosh ROM or the motherboard, in order to become a functional computer system.

This places the commercial production of a Mac conversion under the protection of the first-sale doctrine in the U.S. and similar legal concepts in most other countries.

Macintosh clone
A Macintosh clone is a computer running the Classic Mac OS operating system that was not produced by Apple Inc. The earliest Mac clones were based on emulators and reverse-engineered Macintosh ROMs. During Apple's short-lived Mac OS 7 licensing program, authorized Mac clone makers were able to either purchase 100% compatible motherboards or build their own hardware using licensed Mac reference designs.

During Apple's switch to the Intel platform, many non-Apple Wintel/PC computers were technologically so similar to Mac computers that they were able to boot the Mac operating system using various combinations of community-developed patches and hacks. Such a Wintel/PC computer running macOS is more commonly referred to as a Hackintosh. Apple's transition to Apple silicon means that making Mac clones is considerably harder.
Rush Holt Jr.
Rush Dew Holt Jr. (born October 15, 1948) is an American scientist and politician who served as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 12th congressional district from 1999 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party and son of former West Virginia U.S. Senator Rush D. Holt Sr. He worked as a professor of public policy and physics, and during his tenure in Congress he was one of two physicists and the only Quaker there.

Holt sought the Democratic nomination in the 2013 special primary election to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg, who died in office on June 3, 2013. He lost the nomination to Newark Mayor Cory Booker. Holt announced on February 18, 2014 that he would not seek re-election to the U.S. House that year.

In February 2015, Holt became chief executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and executive publisher of the Science family of journals.  He served in that role until his retirement in September 2019.

Rush Holt Sr.
Rush Dew Holt Sr. (June 19, 1905 – February 8, 1955) was an American politician who was a United States senator from West Virginia (1935–1941) and a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates (1931–1935, 1942–1950, 1954–1955).
Libwww
Libwww is an early World Wide Web software library providing core functions for web browsers, implementing HTML, HTTP, and other technologies. Tim Berners-Lee, at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), released libwww (then also called the Common Library) in late 1992, comprising reusable code from the first browsers (WorldWideWeb and Line Mode Browser).

Libwww was relied upon by the then popular browser Mosaic. By 1997, interest in libwww declined, and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which took over from CERN, reduced its commitment to the project. Later, the purpose of libwww was redefined to be "a testbed for protocol experiments"; in that role it was maintained for the benefit of the W3C's web standards-promoting browser Amaya. Active development of libwww stopped in 2000.

Line Mode Browser
The Line Mode Browser (also known as LMB, WWWLib, or just www) is the second web browser ever created.
The browser was the first demonstrated to be portable to several different operating systems.
Operated from a simple command-line interface, it could be widely used on many computers and computer terminals throughout the Internet.
The browser was developed starting in 1990, and then supported by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as an example and test application for the libwww library.
Districts of Pakistan
The districts of Pakistan (Urdu: اِضلاعِ پاكِستان) are the third-level administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but forming the first-tier of local government. In total, there are 145 districts in Pakistan. excluding Islamabad Capital Territory. These districts are further divided into tehsils and union councils.

Divisions of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan contains four provinces, two administrative territories of the Kashmir region and a capital territory. The provinces and administrative territories are subdivided into 37 divisions. These divisions are further subdivided into districts, tehsils, and finally union councils. The divisions were abolished in 2000, but restored in 2008.

These divisions do not include the Islamabad Capital Territory. The formerly Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which were counted at the same level as provinces, have been subsumed into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and allocated to neighbouring divisions therein in 2018.
Ennarea
Ennarea, also known as E(n)narya or In(n)arya (Gonga: Hinnario), was a kingdom in the Gibe region in what is now western Ethiopia. It became independent from the kingdom of Damot in the 14th century and would be the most powerful kingdom in the region until its decline in the 17th century. Being located on the southwestern periphery of the Ethiopian Empire, Ennarea was its tributary throughout much of its history, supplying the emperor with gold and slaves. The culmination of this relationship was the Christianization of the Ennarean elite in the late 1580s. From the late 16th century the kingdom came under increasing pressure by the Oromo, who finally reconquered Ennarea in around 1710.

Our knowledge of Ennarea primarily comes from oral traditions and a few foreign written sources, as it had no indigenous literacy tradition.

Kingdom of Damot
The Kingdom of Damot was a medieval kingdom in what is now western Ethiopia. The territory was positioned below the Blue Nile. Possibly formed in the 10th century, it was a powerful state by the 13th century that forced the Sultanate of Shewa to pay tributes. It also annihilated the armies of the Zagwe dynasty that were sent to subdue its territory. Damot conquered several Muslim and Christian territories. The Muslim state Showa and the new Christian state under Yekuno Amlak formed an alliance to counter the influence of Damot in the region.

Some academics have proposed that Damot was equivalent to the Kingdom of Wolaita, with the most famous ruler of Damot, Motolomi Sato, coming from the Wolaita Malla dynasty which ruled from the 13th to 16th centuries, before being replaced by the Tigre Malla dynasty amid the Oromo expansion.: 59  Part of the kingdom's former northern territory continued to be under Ethiopian rule as the province of the same name around Gojjam.
Magistrate's court (South Africa)
The magistrates' courts are the lowest level of the court system in South Africa. They are the courts of first instance for most criminal cases except for the most serious crimes, and for civil cases where the value of the claim is below a fixed monetary limit.

Courts of South Africa
The courts of South Africa are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in South Africa. They apply the law of South Africa and are established under the Constitution of South Africa or under Acts of the Parliament of South Africa.

Despite South Africa's division into nine provinces, the country has a single national court system. The courts are funded and supported by the national Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. The ordinary courts are the district and regional magistrates' courts, the provincial divisions of the High Court, and the Supreme Court of Appeal. The Constitutional Court is the highest court for constitutional matters.

Specialist courts have been established for various matters, including Labour Courts, the Land Claims Court, Special Income Tax Courts, and the Electoral Court. African customary law is administered by chiefs' and headmen's courts, subject to the National House of Traditional Leaders.
Armed Forces of Turkmenistan
The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Ýaragly Güýçleri), known informally as the Turkmen National Army (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Milli goşun) is the national military of Turkmenistan. It consists of the Ground Forces, the Air Force and Air Defense Forces, Navy, and other independent formations (etc. Border Troops, Internal Troops and National Guard).

State Border Service of Turkmenistan
The State Border Service (SBS) (Turkmen: Döwlet Serhet Gullugy, DSG) also commonly known by its paramilitary force as the Turkmen Border Troops  is a border guard agency of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan.