hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Generalized inverse
In mathematics, and in particular, algebra, a generalized inverse (or, g-inverse) of an element x is an element y that has some properties of an inverse element but not necessarily all of them. The purpose of constructing a generalized inverse of a matrix is to obtain a matrix that can serve as an inverse in some sense for a wider class of matrices than invertible matrices. Generalized inverses can be defined in any mathematical structure that involves associative multiplication, that is, in a semigroup.  This article describes generalized inverses of a matrix .

A matrix  is a generalized inverse of a matrix  if  A generalized inverse exists for an arbitrary matrix, and when a matrix has a regular inverse, this inverse is its unique generalized inverse.

Invertible matrix
In linear algebra, an invertible matrix (non-singular, non-degenerate or regular) is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if a matrix is invertible, it can be multiplied by its inverse matrix to yield the identity matrix. Invertible matrices are the same size as their inverse.

The inverse of a matrix represents the inverse operation, meaning if a matrix is applied to a particular vector, followed by applying the matrix's inverse, the result is the original vector.
The Gemfields
The Gemfields is a former locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, The Gemfields had a population of 1,449 people.

On 17 April 2020,  the Queensland Government re-drew the boundaries of localities within the Central Highlands Region by removing the locality of The Gemfields in order to create three new localities of Rubyvale, Sapphire Central and Anakie Siding (around the towns of Rubyvale, Sapphire, and Anakie respectively).

Anakie Siding, Queensland
Anakie Siding (/ˈænəkiː/ AN-uh-kee) is a rural locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. It contains the town of Anakie. It is a sapphire mining area. In 2021 census, the locality of Anakie Siding had a population of 155 people.
2012 Ireland women's Tri-Nation Series
The 2012 Ireland women's Tri-Series were two cricket tournaments that took place in Ireland in 2012: the Ireland women's ODI Tri-Series and the Ireland women's T20 Tri-Series. Ireland, Bangladesh and Pakistan competed in both tournaments, and they were both won by Pakistan. The series were part of Pakistan's tour of England and Ireland and Bangladesh's tour of Ireland.

Bangladesh women's cricket team in Ireland in 2012
The Bangladesh women's national cricket team toured Ireland in August 2012. They played in the two Ireland Women's Tri-Series, in ODI and T20I formats, against Ireland and Pakistan. They also separately played Pakistan in 1 ODI and 1 T20I, and against Ireland in 1 ODI. The T20I matches were the first ever played by Bangladesh in the format.
Howard Frankland Bridge
The W. Howard Frankland Bridge is the central fixed-link bridge spanning Old Tampa Bay from St. Petersburg, Florida to Tampa, Florida. It is one of three bridges connecting Hillsborough County and Pinellas County; the others being Gandy Bridge and Courtney Campbell Causeway. The bridge carries Interstate 275 and is by far the most traveled of the bay's bridges.

Work began in fall 2020 to rebuild this bridge with separate pedestrian and bicycle lanes, it was completed, and the new southbound span opened, overnight on March 24th 2025. The new bridge span is north of the old bridge. The old southbound bridge was converted to northbound lanes, overnight on July 9th, 2025, taking all traffic off the oldest, and previously northbound span, permanently.

The bridge is often incorrectly referred to as the Howard Franklin Bridge.

Gandy Bridge
Gandy Bridge is a bridge spanning Old Tampa Bay from St. Petersburg, Florida to Tampa, Florida. The original 1924 span was dismantled in 1975. The second span, constructed in 1956, was used for vehicular traffic until 1997. The third (1975) and fourth (1996) spans of the Gandy Bridge are currently being used for US 92 vehicle traffic, carrying eastbound and westbound respectively.

From 1997 until its 2016 demolition, the 1956 span was known as the Friendship Trail Bridge. The northernmost of the three parallel spans was reserved for non-motorized recreational use.

Almost three miles long, the Gandy Bridge is the southernmost of three bridges connecting the mainland of Hillsborough County and Pinellas County; the others being the Howard Frankland Bridge and the Courtney Campbell Causeway.
Diocese of Joaçaba
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Joaçaba (Latin: Dioecesis Ioassabensis) is located in the ecclesiastical province of Chapecó, in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The seat of the diocese is the Cathedral of St. Therese of the Child of Jesus, Joaçaba. It is bordered by the Catarinense dioceses of Chapecó, Caçador and Lages, as well as the dioceses of Erexim and Vacaria on the south and the diocese of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão on the north.

Archdiocese of Chapecó
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chapecó (Latin: Archidioecesis Xapecoënsis) is an archdiocese located in the city of Chapecó, Brazil. It was in the ecclesiastical province of Florianópolis until the elevation to its current status in 2024.
Cyberbots: Fullmetal Madness
Cyberbots: Fullmetal Madness is a 1995 fighting game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. It is a spin-off of the beat 'em up game Armored Warriors and consists of versus battles between mechas, each with their own human pilots. Built on the CP System II arcade board, it saw limited distribution in arcades outside Japan; the game was ported to the Sega Saturn and PlayStation home consoles domestically featuring additional content. With the exception of an untranslated PlayStation Network release in 2011, none of the console ports were released overseas. The arcade version of Cyberbots: Fullmetal Madness was released as part of Capcom Arcade Stadium and Capcom Fighting Collection. The game was succeeded by Tech Romancer (1998).

Armored Warriors
Armored Warriors, known in Japan as Powered Gear: Strategic Variant Armor Equipment, is a 1994 beat 'em up video game developed and published by Capcom for arcades.

After being included with the Retro-Bit Super Retro-Cade dedicated console, the game would later be released digitally as part of the Capcom Beat 'Em Up Bundle and Capcom Arcade Stadium.

The "Variant Armors" mecha featured in the game were later used for the head-to-head fighting game Cyberbots: Full Metal Madness.
Carl E. Moses
Carl Eugene Moses (July 16, 1929 – April 30, 2014) was an American businessman from Unalaska, Alaska who served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1965 to 1973 as both a Republican and Democrat, and was elected again to the House in 1992 running on the Alaskan Independence Party ticket, later switched back to the Democrats, and served until 2007.  Moses served a total of eleven full terms in the Alaska House, making him the longest-serving member in the history of that body. In the 2006 primary election, Moses was defeated for renomination by Bryce Edgmon, losing via a coin toss after the election results wound up in court and were later certified by the state of Alaska as ending in a tie vote.

Bryce Edgmon
Bryce Edgmon (born May 3, 1961) is a member of the Alaska House of Representatives, representing the 37th District. He served as speaker from 2017–2021. The district includes all or portions of the Kodiak Island Borough, Aleutians East Borough, Lake and Peninsula Borough, Bristol Bay Borough, and the Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area.

As of 2024, Edgmon is the most senior member of the Alaska House of Representatives.
Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (film)
Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (Mother Courage and Her Children)  1961 East German film produced by DEFA documenting the Berliner Ensemble staging of Bertolt Brecht's play of the same name. The play ran from 1959 to 1961, with Manfred Wekwerth and Peter Palitzsch directing, and stars Helene Weigel in the title role; it was modelled after the original 1949 production by Brecht and Erich Engel. The film received a prize at the Locarno Film Festival.

Mother Courage and Her Children
Mother Courage and Her Children (German: Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder) is a play written in 1939 by the German dramatist and poet Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956), with significant contributions from Margarete Steffin. The name is based on its eponymous character, Mother Courage. Four theatrical productions were produced in Switzerland and Germany from 1941 to 1952, the last three supervised or directed by Brecht, who had returned to East Germany from the United States.

Several years after Brecht's death in 1956, the play was adapted as a German film, Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (1961), starring Helene Weigel, Brecht's widow and a leading actress. Several critics regard the play as the greatest of the 20th century.
Systems Network Architecture
Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is IBM's proprietary networking architecture, created in 1974. It is a complete protocol stack for interconnecting computers and their resources. SNA describes formats and protocols but, in itself, is not a piece of software. The implementation of SNA takes the form of various communications packages, most notably Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM), the mainframe software package for SNA communications.

Virtual Telecommunications Access Method
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) is the IBM subsystem that implements  Systems Network Architecture (SNA) for mainframe environments. VTAM provides an  application programming interface (API) for communication applications, and controls communication equipment such as adapters and controllers. In modern terminology, VTAM provides a communication stack and device drivers.
Star Trek: Starfleet Academy (1997 video game)
Star Trek: Starfleet Academy is a Star Trek PC simulation game developed and published by Interplay in 1997. The game simulates the life of a typical Starfleet cadet, with the player learning the basics of flying a starship and engaging in roleplaying with a crew of cadets, with the eventual goal of becoming captain of their own ship. The game included full motion video featuring William Shatner, Walter Koenig, and George Takei reprising their roles from the original television series and movies, and a multiplayer simulation mode allowing for up to 32 players.

A tie-in novelization by Diane Carey was released by Pocket Books in June 1997. The game received an expansion pack in 1998 titled Chekov's Lost Missions and a sequel was released in 2000 called Star Trek: Klingon Academy. Abridged versions of the base game were also released with the subtitles Cadet Briefing and Strategic Command.

Star Trek: Klingon Academy
Star Trek: Klingon Academy is a space flight simulator video game developed by 14 Degrees East, an internal development house of publisher Interplay Entertainment. The game follows a young Klingon warrior named Torlek as he attends the Elite Command Academy, a war college created by General Chang to prepare warriors for a future conflict with the United Federation of Planets. Christopher Plummer and David Warner reprised their respective roles as Chang and Gorkon for the production of Klingon Academy.

Klingon Academy is the successor to Interplay's Star Trek: Starfleet Academy, this time played from the viewpoint of the Klingon Empire. The change is similar in style to the PC game Star Wars: X-Wing and its sequel, Star Wars: TIE Fighter.
General Motors 54° V6 engine
General Motors' Opel subsidiary in Europe designed a compact V6 engine with an unusual 54° vee angle. It was an iron block/aluminum head DOHC design with four valves per cylinder. All 54° engines were assembled at Ellesmere Port in England.

V6 engine
A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration.

The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye. Engines built after World War II include the Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia, and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special.  The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines.
POWER2
The POWER2, originally named RIOS2, is a processor designed by IBM that implemented the POWER instruction set architecture. The POWER2 was the successor of the POWER1, debuting in September 1993 within IBM's RS/6000 systems. When introduced, the POWER2 was the fastest microprocessor, surpassing the Alpha 21064. When the Alpha 21064A was introduced in 1993, the POWER2 lost the lead and became second. IBM claimed that the performance for a 62.5 MHz POWER2 was 73.3 SPECint92 and 134.6 SPECfp92.

The open source GCC compiler removed support for POWER1 (RIOS) and POWER2 (RIOS2) in the 4.5 release.

POWER1
The POWER1 is a multi-chip CPU developed and fabricated by IBM that implemented the POWER instruction set architecture (ISA). It was originally known as the RISC System/6000 CPU or, when in an abbreviated form, the RS/6000 CPU, before introduction of successors required the original name to be replaced with one that used the same naming scheme (POWERn) as its successors in order to differentiate it from the newer designs.
Pennsylvania Route 839
Pennsylvania Route 839 (PA 839) is a 21.29-mile-long (34.26 km) state highway located in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania.  The southern terminus is at PA 85 in Cowanshannock Township.  The northern terminus is at PA 28/PA 66 in South Bethlehem.

Pennsylvania Route 28
Pennsylvania Route 28 (PA 28) is a major state highway, which runs for 98 miles (158 km) from Anderson Street in Pittsburgh to U.S. Route 219 (US 219) in Brockway in Pennsylvania in the United States.

From Pittsburgh to Kittanning, it is a 44.5-mile-long (71.6 km) limited access expressway that is named the Alexander H. Lindsay Memorial Highway, and is also known as the Allegheny Valley Expressway. It is named after Alexander Lindsay, a lawyer who lived in South Buffalo and commuted to work in Pittsburgh; he successfully lobbied for the city to be connected to the proposed Keystone Shortway (I-80).
ATI Multi Rendering
ATI Multi-Rendering (AMR) is a video technology created by ATI Technologies that enables a single computer to use more than one video processor.

Created in 2002, AMR uses a technology ATI calls "Super Tiling" to connect multiple (two or more) video cards together. AMR has been primarily used by Evans and Sutherland, for commercial flight simulators, because of its ability to use more than two VPUs. ATI has introduced a "consumer level" version of AMR, which they refer to as CrossFire.

AMD CrossFire
AMD CrossFire (also known as CrossFireX) is a brand name for the multi-GPU technology by AMD, originally developed by ATI Technologies. The technology allows up to four GPUs to be used in a single computer to improve graphics performance.

Associated technology used in mobile computers with external graphics cards, such as in laptops or notebooks, is called AMD Hybrid Graphics.

The CrossFire brand name was retired by AMD in September 2017, however the company continues to develop and support the technology for DirectX 11 applications. For DirectX 12 applications, AMD has the mGPU (also known as multi-GPU) branding, with the difference being that software developers must create mGPU compatible profiles for their applications where before AMD created the profiles for DirectX 11 applications.
Bishop Andrewes cap
The Bishop Andrewes cap is a modern reinvention of the ancient style of academic cap as part of academic dress, before it developed into the modern mortarboard as it is known today. The cap is named after the 17th-century Bishop Lancelot Andrewes who may or may not have worn this style of cap at all.

The cap is similar to the mortarboard save that it does not have a hard board to stiffen the top square. Instead, it is soft and floppy. Instead of a tassel and button, there is a tump or pompom of silk at the centre of the apex. It is usually made of black velvet.

The cap is currently prescribed for the full academical dress for a Doctor of Divinity (DD) at the University of Cambridge as well as the official dress of certain learned societies such as the Burgon Society.

Square academic cap
The square academic cap, graduate cap, cap, mortarboard (because of its similarity in appearance to the mortarboard used by brickmasons to hold mortar), or Oxford cap is an item of academic dress consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the centre. In the UK and the US, it is commonly referred to informally in conjunction with an academic gown as a "cap and gown". It is also sometimes termed a square,: 17  trencher,: 17 : 915  or corner-cap. The adjective academical is also used.

In previous centuries, academic dress was the everyday clothing of all students and faculty. The cap, together with the gown and sometimes a hood, now form the customary uniform of a university graduate in many parts of the world, following a British model.  In other countries, especially the United States, mortarboards are only worn during the commencement ceremony itself.
Wishaw and Coltness Railway
The Wishaw and Coltness Railway was an early Scottish mineral railway. It ran for approximately 11 miles (17.7 km) from Chapel Colliery, at Newmains in North Lanarkshire connecting to the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway near Whifflet, giving a means of transport for minerals around Newmains to market in Glasgow and Edinburgh.

Shortage of capital made construction slow, and the line was opened in stages from 1833, opening fully on 9 March 1844.

It was built to the track gauge of 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm), commonly used in Scotland for coal railways. It had several branches serving pits and ironworks.

In 1849 it became part of the Caledonian Railway and sections of the original network form part of the modern West Coast Main Line railway.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
Gainsborough line
The Gainsborough line is the current marketing name of the Sudbury branch line, a railway branch line off the Great Eastern Main Line in the east of England, that links Marks Tey in Essex with Sudbury in Suffolk. It is 11 miles 53 chains (18.77 km) in length and single-track throughout. The line's Engineer's Line Reference is SUD.

Prior to the Beeching cuts initiated in the 1960s, the line, then known as the Stour Valley Railway, continued beyond Sudbury to Shelford in Cambridgeshire. Today the line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.10, and is classified as a rural line.

As of December 2016 the stations and all trains serving them are operated by Greater Anglia. The typical service frequency is one train per hour in each direction, with a timetabled journey time between one terminus and the other of 19 minutes.

Stour Valley Railway
The Stour Valley Railway is a partially closed railway line that ran between Shelford, near Cambridge, and Marks Tey in Essex, England.  The line opened in sections between 1849 and 1865.  The route from Shelford to Sudbury closed on 6 March 1967 leaving only the section from Sudbury to Marks Tey, known as the Gainsborough Line, in operation.
Orville H. Platt
Orville Hitchcock Platt (July 19, 1827 – April 21, 1905) was a United States senator from Connecticut. Platt was a prominent conservative Republican and by the 1890s he became one of the "big four" key Republicans who largely controlled the major decisions of the Senate, along with William B. Allison of Iowa, John Coit Spooner of Wisconsin and Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island.

John Coit Spooner
John Coit Spooner (January 6, 1843 – June 11, 1919) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Hudson, Wisconsin.  He represented Wisconsin as a United States Senator from 1885 to 1891, then again from 1897 to 1907.  In his latter stint, he was chairman of the powerful Senate Rules Committee and was considered one of the "Big Four" key Republicans in the Senate who largely controlled its major decisions, the others being Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, William B. Allison of Iowa, and Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island.  He is possibly best known for the Spooner Act, which authorized the United States purchase of the Panama Canal Zone.

Politically, Spooner was a conservative (or stalwart) Republican and had a bitter rivalry for supremacy in Wisconsin Republican politics against his progressive Republican contemporary U.S. senator Robert M. "Fighting Bob" La Follette.
National Premier Leagues WA Women
The National Premier Leagues WA Women, also known as the NPL WA Women, is a soccer competition in Western Australia. The competition is conducted by Football West, the organising body in Western Australia. The league is a subdivision of the second tier National Premier Leagues Women's structure, which sits below the national A-League Women, it is the highest tier of local women's competition in Western Australia. The league was founded in 2020 in Western Australia, several years behind equivalent leagues in other states.

National Premier Leagues Women's
The National Premier Leagues Women's (NPLW), also referred to as Women's National Premier Leagues (WNPL) in some states, are regional association football competitions in some states and territories in Australia, which act as the second tier of the sport in the country below the A-League Women. The WNPL consists of the highest level state league in a subset of the state-based federations within Australia, and is overseen by Football Australia (FA) in partnership with participating member federations.

With the addition of Northern NSW in 2022, the WNPL is now contested by clubs from seven member federations: Capital Football (ACT), NSW, Northern NSW, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia.
Microsoft Live Labs Pivot
Pivot is a software application from Microsoft Live Labs that allows users to interact with and search large amounts of data. It is based on Microsoft's Seadragon. It has been described as allowing users to view the web as a web rather than as isolated pages.

After Live Labs were shut down the stand-alone Pivot application is being hosted by Microsoft Research. The Silverlight control is still available, though.

Seadragon Software
Seadragon Software was a team within the Microsoft Live Labs. Its product, Seadragon, is a web optimized visualization technology that allows graphics and photos to be smoothly browsed, regardless of their size.  Seadragon is the technology powering Microsoft's Silverlight, Pivot, Photosynth and the standalone cross-platform Seadragon application for iPhone and iPad.

Seadragon technology allows one to view extremely large and high resolution images without the loading time or latency typically associated with large images.  The developers behind Seadragon also allow users to upload photos and create their own Seadragon style image to be viewed online.