hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chicago State University
Chicago State University (CSU) is a public university in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Founded in 1867 as Cook County Normal School by the Cook County Board of Commissioners, it was established as the first teacher training school in Cook County. In 1949, when it was known as Chicago Teachers College, the institution was divided into two branches, with one eventually becoming Northeastern Illinois University. The state government of Illinois began funding the institution in 1951 and assumed full control in 1965. It was renamed the current name in 1971. CSU is a predominantly black (PBI) university. As of 2025, CSU had an 11 percent graduation rate within a four-year period of study.

Northeastern Illinois University
Northeastern Illinois University (NEIU) is a public university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1867 by the Cook County Board of Commissioners, it was established as the first teacher training school in Cook County. NEIU is both a Hispanic-serving institution and an Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution. The main campus is located in the Chicago area of North Park with two other additional campuses in Chicago. NEIU has one of the longest-running free-form community radio stations, WZRD Chicago 88.3 FM.
Racemization
In chemistry, racemization is a conversion, by heat or by chemical reaction, of an optically active compound into a racemic (optically inactive) form. This creates a 1:1 molar ratio of enantiomers and is referred to as a racemic mixture (i.e. contain equal amount of (+) and (−) forms). Plus and minus forms are called dextrorotation and levorotation. The D and L enantiomers are present in equal quantities, the resulting sample is described as a racemic mixture or a racemate. Racemization can proceed through a number of different mechanisms, and it has particular significance in pharmacology in as much as different enantiomers may have different pharmaceutical effects.

Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate (/reɪˈsiːmeɪt, rə-, ˈræsɪmeɪt/) is a mixture that has equal amounts (50:50) of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt. Racemic mixtures are rare in nature, but many compounds are produced industrially as racemates.
Doms in Egypt
The Dom (دوم) people migrated from South Asia to the territory of present-day Egypt. The assumed consensus was that they were originally from Egypt, which later made them known around the world by the vernacular term Gypsies, deriving from the word Egyptian.

Dom people
The Dom (also called Domi; Arabic: دومي / ALA-LC: Dūmī, دومري / Dūmrī, Ḍom / ضوم or دوم, or sometimes also called Doms) are descendants of the Dom caste with origins in the Indian subcontinent, who through ancient migrations are found scattered across the Middle East and North Africa, the Eastern Anatolia region, Iraq, and Azerbaijan. The traditional language of the Dom is Domari, an endangered Indo-Aryan language, thereby making the Dom an Indo-Aryan ethnic group.

The Doms were formerly grouped with other traditionally itinerant ethnic groups originating from medieval India: the Rom and Lom peoples. However, these groups left India at different times and used different routes. The Domari language has a separate origin in India from Romani. Dom people do not identify themselves as Romanies.
Power loom
A power loom is a mechanized loom that automates the weaving of cloth through leveraging mechanical power. It interlaces warp and weft threads via mechanisms like cams, gears, levers, and pulleys, replicating motions previously done manually. The mechanization of weaving dramatically increased production efficiency, contributing to the rise of large-scale textile factories during the Industrial Revolution.

Though the idea is older and experimentation predates him, Edmund Cartwright is credited with initiating power loom development with his 1785 patent. His initial versions were rudimentary but they pioneered automated weaving and laid the groundwork for factory-based production. By the early 19th century, improvements had made power looms reliable and widely adopted across Europe and North America, ushering in a new era of textile manufacturing. Cartwright’s invention marked the beginning of mechanized weaving, drastically reducing reliance on skilled handweavers.

Loom
A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.
Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians
The Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians (CONSAL) is an international library organization that connects libraries throughout the Southeastern Asia region. It was founded in 1970 in Singapore with the goal of supporting and growing information and library science throughout the region.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Espace Léopold
The Espace Léopold (French; commonly used in English) or Leopoldruimte (Dutch; listenⓘ) is the complex of parliament buildings in Brussels, Belgium, housing the European Parliament, a legislative chamber of the European Union (EU). It consists of a number of buildings, primarily the oldest, the Paul-Henri Spaak building, which houses the debating chamber and the president's offices, and the Altiero Spinelli building, which is the largest. The buildings are located in the European Quarter of Brussels, with construction starting in 1989.

The complex is not the official seat of the European Parliament, which is the Louise Weiss building in Strasbourg, France, but as most of the other institutions of the European Union are in Brussels, the European Parliament built the Brussels complex to be closer to its activities. A majority of the European Parliament's work is now geared to its Brussels site, but it is legally bound to keep Strasbourg as its official home.

Brussels and the European Union
Brussels (Belgium) is considered the de facto capital of the European Union, having a long history of hosting a number of principal EU institutions within its European Quarter. The EU has no official capital but Brussels hosts the official seats of the European Commission, Council of the European Union, and European Council, as well as a seat (officially the second seat) of the European Parliament. In 2013, this presence generated about €250 million (8.3% of the regional GDP) and 121,000 jobs (16.7% of the regional employment). The main rationale for Brussels being chosen as "capital of the European Union" was its halfway location between France, Germany and the United Kingdom, the three countries whose rivalry played a role in starting the two world wars and whose reconciliation paved the way for European integration.
Fred Ramsdell
Frederick Jay Ramsdell (born December 4, 1960) is an American immunologist and Nobel Prize laureate. As of 2025, he is an advisor at Sonoma Biotherapeutics, a biotechnology company co-founded by him.

In 2025, he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Mary E. Brunkow and Shimon Sakaguchi for their work in peripheral tolerance.

Mary E. Brunkow
Mary Elizabeth Brunkow (born 1961) is an American molecular biologist, immunologist and Nobel Prize laureate. She is known for co-identifying the gene later named FOXP3 as the cause of the scurfy mouse phenotype, a finding that became foundational for modern regulatory T cell biology.

In 2025, she was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for their work in peripheral immune tolerance.
KYSR
KYSR (98.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, and owned by iHeartMedia. KYSR broadcasts an alternative rock format and is the flagship station of The Woody Show. KYSR's studios are located in Burbank, while the transmitter is in the Santa Monica Mountains on Briarcrest Peak in Beverly Hills. KYSR broadcasts using HD Radio technology; its HD-2 digital subchannel airs the sports radio programming of KLAC. KYSR is also heard in the Antelope Valley on KSRY (103.1 FM) in Tehachapi.

KLAC
KLAC (570 AM) is a commercial sports radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, serving Greater Los Angeles. Owned by a joint venture between iHeartMedia, Inc. and the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball club, KLAC serves as the Los Angeles affiliate for Fox Sports Radio; the flagship station for the Los Angeles Dodgers Radio Network and the Los Angeles Clippers; and the home of radio personalities Fred Roggin, Rodney Peete, Petros Papadakis and Matt "Money" Smith.

The KLAC studios are located in the Los Angeles suburb of Burbank, while the station transmitter resides in Los Angeles' Lincoln Heights neighborhood. Besides its main analog transmission, KLAC simulcasts over a HD digital subchannel of KYSR, and streams online via iHeartRadio.
The Betrayal of Bindy Mackenzie
The Betrayal of Bindy Mackenzie, (also The Murder of Bindy MacKenzie in the US and Becoming Bindy MacKenzie in the UK) is a 2006 novel for young adults by Jaclyn Moriarty. It is the third of a series set in the north-western suburbs of Sydney, where the author grew up. The story focuses on a minor character from Moriarty's second young adult novel, Finding Cassie Crazy. The story is told through letters, memos and transcripts, similar to the structure of other novels by the author.

Finding Cassie Crazy
Finding Cassie Crazy (titled The Year of Secret Assignments outside of Australia and the UK) is a novel by Jaclyn Moriarty. It was first published 2003 in Australia. The novel is both a stand-alone and also the second book of the Ashbury/Brookfield series.
The Ex-File 3: The Return of the Exes
The Ex-File 3: The Return of the Exes (Chinese: 前任3: 再见前任), also known as Ex-File 3, is a 2017 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Tian Yusheng and is a sequel to the 2014 film Ex-Files  and 2015 film Ex-Files 2.

Ex-Files 2
Ex-Files 2 (Chinese: 前任2：备胎反击战) is a 2015 romantic comedy film directed by Tian Yusheng. A China-Hong Kong co-production, the film is a sequel to the 2014 film Ex-Files. It was released in China on November 6, 2015. A sequel titled The Ex-File 3: The Return of the Exes was released on December 29, 2017.
Solidary Democracy
Solidary Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Solidale, DemoS) is a Christian-leftist political party in Italy.

The party's early leader, Lorenzo Dellai has described it as a "Christian-social" party. DemoS is led by Paolo Ciani. Several party members, including Ciani, hail from the Community of Sant'Egidio.

DemoS maintains solid relations with the Democratic Party. It also had relations with a number of alike minor parties/groups of the Christian left, notably including the Democratic Centre (with which DemoS formed a joint parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies in 2014–2018), the Christian Popular Union (active mainly in Sardinia) and the Union for Trentino (Dellai's long-time party in Trentino, of which he was President in 1999–2012).

Democratic Centre (Italy)
Democratic Centre (Italian: Centro Democratico, CD) is a centrist, Christian leftist and social-liberal political party in Italy. Most of its members, including its leader Bruno Tabacci, are former Christian Democrats. Since its beginnings, the CD has been also part of the centre-left coalition, centred around the Democratic Party (PD).

The CD, along with the Italian Radicals and Forza Europa, was a founding member of More Europe (+E), a liberal party. As such, it was indirectly a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) at the level of European Union. The CD had formed a partnership with the ALDE Party since the 2014 European Parliament election.
New Castle of Ansembourg
The New Castle of Ansembourg (French: Grand Château d'Ansembourg), in central Luxembourg is one of the castles belonging to the Valley of the Seven Castles. Located about one kilometre or just over half a mile below the Old Castle of Ansembourg, it was built by the industrialist Thomas Bidart in 1639.

Ansembourg Castle
Ansembourg Old Castle (Luxembourgish: Buerg Aansebuerg, French: Vieux Château d'Ansembourg, German: Burg Ansemburg), known as the Old Castle of Ansembourg, in central Luxembourg is one of the castles belonging to the Valley of the Seven Castles. Located high above the little village of Ansembourg, the medieval castle is the private residence of the current Count and Countess of Ansembourg.
Nymphonidae
Nymphonidae is a family of sea spiders which has representatives in all the oceans. This family contains some 250 species, most of which are found in the genus Nymphon. Nymphonid bodies are between 1 and 15 mm long, the extent between the points of the legs reaching 150 mm. Most species are predators of hydroids. Like most sea spiders, species in this family have four pairs of legs in adults, except for Pentanymphon antarcticum, which has five pairs, and Sexanymphon mirabilis, which has six pairs.

Sexanymphon
Sexanymphon is a monotypic genus of sea spider (class Pycnogonida) in the family Nymphonidae. The only species in this genus is Sexanymphon mirabilis. As the name of this genus implies, sea spiders in this genus feature six pairs of legs in adults instead of the usual four leg pairs. The species S. mirabilis is notable as one of only two species of sea spiders with six leg pairs. This species is found in the Southern Ocean.
Applications of dual quaternions to 2D geometry
The planar quaternions make up a four-dimensional algebra over the real numbers. Their primary application is in representing rigid body motions in 2D space. In this article, certain applications of the dual quaternion algebra to 2D geometry are discussed. At this present time, the article is focused on a 4-dimensional subalgebra of the dual quaternions which will later be called the planar quaternions.

Unlike multiplication of dual numbers or of complex numbers, that of planar quaternions is non-commutative.

Dual number
In algebra, the dual numbers are a quadratic algebra first introduced in the 19th century. They are expressions of the form a + bε, where a and b are real numbers, and ε is a symbol taken to satisfy  with .

Dual numbers can be added component-wise, and multiplied by the formula

which follows from the property ε2 = 0 and the fact that multiplication is a bilinear operation.

The dual numbers form a commutative algebra of dimension two over the reals, and also an Artinian local ring. They are one of the simplest examples of a ring that has nonzero nilpotent elements.
Gothic 3: Forsaken Gods
Forsaken Gods (German: Gothic 3: Götterdämmerung) is a standalone expansion for the action role-playing video game Gothic 3. It was developed by Trine Games and published by JoWooD Productions.  The game was released in Europe and North America in 2008. A version containing improvements Enhanced Edition was released in 2011 developed by Mad Vulture Games.

Gothic 3
Gothic 3 is a fantasy-themed open world action role-playing game for Microsoft Windows developed by Piranha Bytes. It is the sequel to Gothic II.

After the game was criticized for its unfinished state at launch, and Piranha Bytes and publisher JoWooD parted ways, bug fixes continued through community patches.

In August 2025, rights holder THQ Nordic announced a release of the game under the title Gothic 3 Classic for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series. This port is scheduled for release in 2026, alongside ports of its two previous prequels.

A Collector's Edition was released containing bonus collectible material. JoWooD released a standalone expansion, entitled Gothic 3: Forsaken Gods, in November 2008.
Intel 810
The Intel 810 chipset was released by Intel in early 1999 with the code-name "Whitney" as a platform for the P6-based Socket 370 CPU series, including the Pentium III and Celeron processors. Some motherboard designs include Slot 1 for older Intel CPUs or a combination of both Socket 370 and Slot 1. It targeted the low-cost segment of the market, offering a robust platform for uniprocessor budget systems with integrated graphics. The 810 was Intel's first chipset design to incorporate a hub architecture which was claimed to have better I/O throughput and an integrated GPU, derived from the Intel740.

Intel740
The Intel740, or i740 (codenamed Auburn), is a 350 nm graphics processing unit using the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) interface, released by Intel on February 12, 1998. Intel was hoping to use the i740 to popularize AGP while most graphics vendors were still using PCI. Released to enormous fanfare, the i740 proved to have disappointing real-world performance, and sank from view after only a few months on the market. Some of its technology lived on in the form of Intel Extreme Graphics, and the concept of an Intel produced graphics processor lives on in the form of Intel Graphics Technology and Intel Arc.
Chalaronne
The Chalaronne (French pronunciation: [ʃalaʁɔn]) is a 52 km (32 mi) long river in the Ain department in eastern France. Its source is at Lapeyrouse, in the Dombes. It flows generally northwest. It is a left tributary of the Saône, into which it flows between Saint-Didier-sur-Chalaronne and Thoissey.

Saône
The Saône (/soʊn/ SOHN, French: [son]; Arpitan: Sona; Latin: Arar) is a river in eastern France (modern region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté). It is a right tributary of the Rhône, rising at Vioménil in the Vosges department and joining the Rhône in Lyon, at the southern end of the Presqu'île.
Fluid solution
In general relativity, a fluid solution is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the gravitational field is produced entirely by the mass, momentum, and stress density of a fluid.

In astrophysics, fluid solutions are often employed as stellar models, since a perfect gas can be thought of as a special case of a perfect fluid. In cosmology, fluid solutions are often used as cosmological models.

Exact solutions in general relativity
In general relativity, an exact solution is a (typically closed form) solution of the Einstein field equations whose derivation does not invoke simplifying approximations of the equations, though the starting point for that derivation may be an idealized case like a perfectly spherical shape of matter. Mathematically, finding an exact solution means finding a Lorentzian manifold equipped with tensor fields modeling states of ordinary matter, such as a fluid, or classical non-gravitational fields such as the electromagnetic field.
The Round House (novel)
The Round House is a novel by the American writer Louise Erdrich first published on October 2, 2012 by HarperCollins. The Round House is Erdrich's 14th novel and is part of her "justice trilogy" of novels, which includes The Plague of Doves released in 2008 and LaRose in 2016. The Round House follows the story of Joe Coutts, a 13-year-old boy who is frustrated with the poor investigation into his mother's gruesome attack and sets out to find his mother's attacker with the help of his best friends, Cappy, Angus, and Zack. Like most of Erdrich's other works, The Round House is set on an Ojibwe reservation in North Dakota.

The Round House won the National Book Award for Fiction in 2012.

The Plague of Doves
The Plague of Doves is a 2008 New York Times bestseller and the first entry in a loosely-connected trilogy by Ojibwe author Louise Erdrich. The Plague of Doves follows the townsfolk of the fictional Pluto, North Dakota, who are plagued by a farming family's unsolved murder from generations prior. The novel incorporates Erdrich's multiple narrator trope that is present in other works including the Love Medicine series. Its sequel is the National Book Award winning novel The Round House. Erdrich concluded the "Justice" trilogy with LaRose in 2016.
Lawrence Riley
Lawrence Riley (1896–1974) was a successful American playwright and screenwriter. He gained fame in 1934 as the author of the Broadway hit Personal Appearance, which was turned by Mae West into the film Go West, Young Man (1936).

Mae West
Mary Jane "Mae" West (August 17, 1893 – November 22, 1980) was an American actress, singer, comedian, screenwriter, and playwright whose career spanned more than seven decades. Recognized as a prominent sex symbol of her time, she was known for portraying sexually confident characters and for her use of double entendres, often delivering her lines in a distinctive contralto voice. West began performing in vaudeville and on stage in New York City before moving on to film in Los Angeles.

She was frequently associated with controversies over censorship and once stated, "I believe in censorship. I made a fortune out of it." As her film career declined, she remained active by writing books and plays, performing in Las Vegas and London, and appearing on radio and television. In later years, she also released rock and roll recordings. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked her 15th among the greatest female screen legends of classic American cinema.
Jo Man-yeong
Jo Man-yeong (Korean: 조만영; Hanja: 趙萬永; 1776–1846) was a Korean politician and court minister of the Joseon period. He was the leader of the Pungyang Jo clan. The clan rose to prominence, pushing out the Andong Kim clan that had wielded power since the King Sunjo regime. However, with the death of Jo Man-yeong in 1846, control of the kingdom once again fell into the hands of the Andong Kim clan. He was the father of Queen Sinjeong and the maternal grandfather of Heonjong of Joseon. As his daughter posthumously became Queen consort, Jo was then honoured as Internal Prince Pungeun (Korean: 풍은부원군; Hanja: 豊恩府院君).

Queen Sinjeong
Queen Sinjeong (Korean: 신정왕후; Hanja: 神貞王后; 9 January 1809 – 23 May 1890), of the Pungyang Jo clan, was the only wife of Crown Prince Hyomyeong and mother of Heonjong of Joseon. She was never formally a Queen but was known as Queen Dowager Jo (조대비) during the reign of her son before Cheoljong of Joseon granted her a proper title, Queen Dowager Hyoyu (효유왕대비).

After the previous king died, she was known as Grand Queen Dowager Hyoyu (효유대왕대비), and served as nominal regent during Gojong's minority, between 1864 and 1873. Although she left all de facto power to the King's father, Grand Internal Prince Heungseon, and only kept the formal title.
National Assembly (French Revolution)
During the French Revolution, the National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale, [asɑ̃ble nɑsjɔnal] ⓘ), which existed from 17 June 1789 to 9 July 1789, was a revolutionary assembly of the Kingdom of France formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (commoners) of the Estates-General and eventually joined by some members of the First and Second Estates. Thereafter (until replaced by the Legislative Assembly on 30 September 1791), it became a legislative body known as the National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante), although the shorter form was favored.

National Constituent Assembly (France)
The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was a constituent assembly in the Kingdom of France formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.