hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slavery in Palestine
Open chattel slavery existed in the region of Palestine until the 20th century. The slave trade to Ottoman Palestine officially stopped in the 1870s, when the last slave ship is registered to have arrived, after which slavery appeared to have gradually diminished to a marginal phenomenon in the census of 1905. However, the former slaves and their children still continued to work for their former enslavers, and were reported to still live in a state of de facto servitude in the 1930s. Many members of the Black Palestinians minority are descendants of the former slaves.

Afro-Palestinians
Afro-Palestinians or Black Palestinians are people living in Palestine who have ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. In the Gaza Strip, around 1% of the population is estimated to be black, with roughly 11,000 Afro-Palestinians residing in Gaza City's Al Jalla’a district prior to October 2023. In Jerusalem, an estimated population between 200-450 reside in a historic African enclave around Bab al-Majlis, in the Muslim Quarter, as well as communities in other areas of Jerusalem such as Beit Hanina and At-Tur.

They are a marginalised group that experience double discrimination, both systemic marginalization from Israeli authorities and racism within Palestinian communities.

There are also Bedouin populations who have descent lines linking them to people of African origin such as in the West Bank city of Jericho. Notable Afro-Palestinians include former PLO official Fatima Bernawi and PFLP official Ali Jiddah.
Struthiosaurus
Struthiosaurus (Latin struthio = ostrich + Greek sauros = lizard) is a genus of nodosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous period (Santonian-Maastrichtian) of Austria, Romania, France, and possibly Hungary. It was a small dinosaur, measuring 2–3 m (6.6–9.8 ft) in length and weighing 300–400 kg (660–880 lb).

Nodosauridae
Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous periods in what is now Asia, Europe, North America, and possibly South America. While traditionally regarded as a monophyletic clade as the sister taxon to the Ankylosauridae, some analyses recover it as a paraphyletic grade leading to the ankylosaurids.
2008 Delaware House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 4, 2008, to elect all 41 members to Delaware's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including for U.S. President, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and state senate. The primary election was held on September 9, 2008.
Democrats regained control of the House after 24 years after gaining seven seats, winning 25 seats compared to 16 seats for the Republicans.

Representative Dianna Williams (D - District 6) announced immediately after the election that she would be resigning. A special election was held on December 20, 2008, to fill the seat, which Tom Kovach gained for Republicans.

Democrats took control of the Delaware House of Representatives for the first time since 1985, and won a trifecta for the first time since 1977.

2008 Delaware Senate election
The 2008 Delaware Senate election was held on November 4, 2008, to elect 10 of the 21 members to Delaware's Senate. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including for U.S. President, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and state house. The primary election was held on September 9, 2008.
Coding tree unit
Coding tree unit (CTU) is the basic processing unit of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) video standard and conceptually corresponds in structure to macroblock units that were used in several previous video standards. CTU is also referred to as largest coding unit (LCU).

A CTU can be between 16×16 pixels and 64×64 pixels in size with a larger size usually increasing coding efficiency. The first video standard that uses CTUs is HEVC/H.265 which became an ITU-T standard on April 13, 2013.

High Efficiency Video Coding
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a proprietary video compression standard designed as part of the MPEG-H project as a successor to the widely used Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10). The standard was published in 2013. In comparison to AVC, HEVC offers from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality, or substantially improved video quality at the same bit rate. It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including 8K UHD, and unlike the primarily eight-bit AVC, HEVC's higher-fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. The High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) is a container format whose default codec is HEVC.

While AVC uses the integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) with 4×4 and 8×8 block sizes, HEVC uses both integer DCT and discrete sine transform (DST) with varied block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32.
2000 NBA Finals
The 2000 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 1999–2000 season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference champion Indiana Pacers 4 games to 2. The series was played under a best-of-seven format, with the Lakers holding home court advantage. The series featured the number one seeds from both conferences. This marked Indiana's first NBA Finals appearance. The Pacers would not return to the NBA Finals until 2025. Lakers center Shaquille O'Neal was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the series, his first of three consecutive honors, in arguably one of the greatest NBA Finals performances in history, putting up 38.0 points, 16.7 rebounds, and 2.7 blocks per game.

2000 NBA playoffs
The 2000 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1999–2000 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Indiana Pacers four games to two in the 2000 NBA Finals. Shaquille O'Neal was named NBA Finals MVP for the first time in his career.

This was also the first NBA postseason to not have any back-to-backs at all. (After 1988, they were still used in the conference semifinals.)
Argiles du Gault
The Argiles du Gault is an Albian geologic formation in northern France, it is equivalent to the Gault of southern England. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.

Gault
The Gault Formation is a geological formation of stiff blue clay deposited in a calm, fairly deep-water marine environment during the Lower Cretaceous Period (Upper and Middle Albian). It is well exposed in the coastal cliffs at Copt Point in Folkestone, Kent, England, where it overlays the Lower Greensand formation, and underlies the Upper Greensand Formation. These represent different facies, with the sandier parts probably being deposited close to the shore and the clay in quieter water further from the source of sediment; both are believed to be shallow-water deposits.

The etymology  of the name is uncertain and probably of local origin.
Simon Gilbert (musician)
Simon Gilbert (born 23 May 1965) is an English drummer and member of the English band Suede, one of the 'Big Four' Britpop bands of the 1990s with Oasis, Blur and Pulp. Gilbert is the third-longest-serving member of Suede, and, with founders Brett Anderson and Mat Osman, appears on every Suede album.

Brett Anderson
Brett Lewis Anderson (born 29 September 1967) is an English singer best known as the lead singer-songwriter and primary lyricist of the rock band Suede. After Suede disbanded in 2003, he fronted the Tears with former Suede guitarist Bernard Butler in 2004–2006, and released four solo albums on which he also played guitar and keyboards. Suede re-formed in 2010; they continue to record and tour. He is noted for his distinctive wide-ranging voice, poetic lyrics, charismatic stage presence and in Suede's early years, an androgynous appearance.
Gene Simmons
Gene Simmons (born Chaim Witz; Hebrew: חיים ויץ [χaˈim ˈvits]; August 25, 1949), also known by his stage persona "the Demon", is an Israeli-American musician. He was the bassist and co-lead singer of the hard rock band Kiss, which he co-founded with Paul Stanley, Ace Frehley, and Peter Criss in 1973. Simmons, alongside Stanley, remained a constant member of the band until their dissolution in 2023. Simmons is also known for his long tongue and for his reality television show, Gene Simmons Family Jewels, which aired from 2006 to 2012. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 as a member of Kiss.

Paul Stanley
Paul Stanley (born Stanley Bert Eisen; January 20, 1952) is an American musician. He was the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and a founding member of the hard rock band Kiss, which was active from 1973 to 2023. He was the writer or co-writer of many of the band's most popular songs. Stanley established the Starchild character for his Kiss persona.

In 2006, Hit Parader ranked Stanley 18th on their list of the Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time. A Gibson.com readers' poll in 2010 named him 13th on their list of Top 25 Frontmen. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 as a member of Kiss.
Tokuhime (Oda)
Tokuhime (徳姫; November 11, 1559 – February 16, 1636), also known as Lady Toku (五徳姫, Gotokuhime) and Okazaki-dono (岡崎殿, Lady Okazaki) was a Japanese noble lady from the Sengoku period. She was the eldest daughter of daimyō Oda Nobunaga and his concubine, Lady Kitsuno. She later married Matsudaira Nobuyasu, the first son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. She is remembered as the person most responsible for the deaths of Nobuyasu and his mother, Ieyasu's wife, Lady Tsukiyama.

Matsudaira Nobuyasu
Matsudaira Nobuyasu (松平 信康; 13 April 1559 – 5 October 1579) was the eldest son of Matsudaira Ieyasu. His tsūshō ("common name") was Jirōzaburō (次郎三郎). He was also called "Okazaki Saburō" (岡崎 三郎), because he had become the lord of Okazaki Castle (岡崎城) in 1570. Because he was a son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, he is often referred to, retroactively, as Tokugawa Nobuyasu (徳川 信康).
Macron (diacritic)
A macron (/ˈmækrɒn, ˈmeɪ-/ MAK-ron, MAY-) is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar ¯ placed above a letter, usually a vowel. Its name derives from Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón) 'long' because it was originally used to mark long or heavy syllables in Greco-Roman metrics. It now more often marks a long vowel. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the macron is used to indicate a mid-tone; the sign for a long vowel is instead a modified triangular colon ⟨ː⟩.

The opposite is the breve ⟨˘⟩, which marks a short or light syllable or a short vowel.

Breve
A breve (/ˈbriːv/ ⓘ BREEV, less often /ˈbrɛv/ ⓘ BREV, neuter form of the Latin brevis "short, brief") is the diacritic mark ◌̆, shaped like the bottom half of a circle. As used in Ancient Greek, it is also called brachy, βραχύ. It resembles the caron (◌̌, the wedge or háček in Czech, mäkčeň in Slovak) but is rounded, in contrast to the angular tip of the caron. In many forms of Latin, ◌̆ is used for a shorter, softer variant of a vowel, such as "Ĭ", where the sound is nearly identical to the English /i/. (See: Latin IPA)
Polyprenol
Polyprenols are natural long-chain isoprenoid alcohols of the general formula H-(C5H8)n-OH, where n is the number of isoprene units. Any prenol with more than 4 isoprene units is a polyprenol. Polyprenols play an important function, acting as natural bioregulators and are found in small quantities in various plant tissues. Dolichols, which are found in all living creatures, including humans, are their 2,3-dihydro derivatives.

Dolichol
Dolichol refers to any of a group of long-chain mostly unsaturated organic compounds that are made up of varying numbers of isoprene units terminating in an α-saturated isoprenoid group, containing an alcohol functional group.
National School of Drama, Varanasi
National School of Drama, Varanasi is a new extension center of National School of Drama, New Delhi, established in 2018 to provide one-year training on Indian Classical Theatre and Natyashashtra. It is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.

National School of Drama
National School of Drama (NSD) is a drama school situated at New Delhi, India. It is an autonomous organization under Ministry of Culture, Government of India. It was set up in 1959 by the Sangeet Natak Akademi and became an independent school in 1975. In 2005, it was granted deemed university status, but in 2011 it was revoked. Paresh Rawal is the current Chairperson & Chittaranjan Tripathy currently serves as Director of National School of Drama (NSD).
705th Tank Destroyer Battalion
The 705th Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during the Second World War. It was originally formed from artillery elements of the 5th Armored Division, and its lineage is today perpetuated by the 75th Cavalry Regiment.

The battalion operated in northern France with Third Army in 1944, where it fought in Brittany at the capture of Brest, and then along the Moselle River, reaching Germany at the end of the year. During the Battle of the Bulge, it was engaged at the Siege of Bastogne along with the 101st Airborne Division, where it received the Presidential Unit Citation, and in the spring of 1945 it advanced through southern Germany with the 11th Armored Division, reaching Austria by the end of the war.

75th Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Squadron, 75th Cavalry Regiment (1-75 CAV) is an inactive United States Army cavalry squadron established in 2004. It was the Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition Squadron (RSTA) squadron of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team "Strike" ♥, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). It performed reconnaissance and cavalry missions in support of that brigade.
FanDuel
FanDuel Group is an American gambling company that offers sportsbook, daily fantasy sports, horse racing, and online casino services. The company is headquartered in Manhattan, New York City and operates sportsbooks in a number of states including New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana and West Virginia, as well as an online horse race betting platform, and a daily fantasy sports service.

The company was originally founded as a daily fantasy sports provider, and principally competed with DraftKings. In May 2018, amid the widening legalization of sports betting in the United States, FanDuel agreed to merge with the U.S. operations of Irish bookmaker Paddy Power Betfair (now Flutter Entertainment) to form FanDuel Group. The acquisition sought to leverage the company's existing brand recognition and user base, with FanDuel becoming the company's main U.S. brand.

Flutter Entertainment
Flutter Entertainment plc is an Irish-American multinational sports betting and gambling company. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and has a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange. It owns brands such as Betfair, FanDuel, Paddy Power, PokerStars, Sky Betting & Gaming, and Sportsbet. Flutter is the world's largest online betting company.
Sydney Bulls
The Sydney Bulls were a rugby league team based in the suburb of Bass Hill in south-western Sydney. Founded in 1999, the club was formed by Lebanese-Australian players and businessmen who were involved in the 1997 Lebanon Rugby League World Sevens side. Since 2000, the Bulls competed in the semi-professional Metropolitan Cup and, since its inception in 2003, the NSWRL Jim Beam Cup competition in NSW, Australia. Their colours are black, white green and red. They were included in the NSW Cup for 2008-2009 and acted as a feeder club for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs under the name of the Bankstown City Bulls. The Sydney Bulls folded at the end of the 2009 season.

Ron Massey Cup
The Ron Massey Cup (formerly known as the Bundaberg Red Cup and Jim Beam Cup) is a semi-professional development level rugby league competition in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, run by the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL). The competition is run concurrently with the National Rugby League (NRL). It currently comprises 13 teams drawn from the Sydney metropolitan area. The competition is named after Ron Massey, a former rugby league coach. Ron Massey died on 19 September 2016.

The competition is an expanded version of the former Metropolitan Cup and Second Division competitions. The competition was renamed the Bundaberg Red Cup after the 2008 season (the last Jim Beam Cup season), after Bundaberg Rum replaced former sponsor Jim Beam. For the 2013 season, the competition was re-branded as the Ron Massey Cup in honour of the former coach, tactician, mentor and administrator.
Jean Pernet
Jean Claude Pernet, père (15 October 1832 in Morestel – 31 March 1896 in Lyon) was a French nurseryman and rose breeder, best known for his Hybrid Perpetual and Bourbon rose varieties. His most popular roses include 'Baroness Rothschild' (1868), 'Merveille de Lyon (1882), and 'Triomphe des Noisettes' (1887). His father, Claude Pernet, and son Joseph Pernet-Ducher were also influential nursery owners and rose breeders.

Joseph Pernet-Ducher
Joseph Pernet-Ducher (1859–1928) was a French rose breeder who is recognized for his work in the development of the modern Hybrid tea rose. Pernet and his father, Jean Pernet, worked together in the 1880s to develop the first yellow remontant Hybrid perpetual rose. After Jean Pernet's death in 1896, Pernet-Ducher continued their work and later introduced 'Soleil d'Or' in 1900. 'Soleil d'Or' initiated a new class of tea roses known as Pernetiana roses and is considered the ancestor of the modern Hybrid tea rose.
Hungarian Parliament Building
The Hungarian Parliament Building (Hungarian: Országház [ˈorsaːkhaːz], lit. 'House of the Country'  or 'House of the Nation'), also known as the Parliament of Budapest after its location, is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary, a notable landmark of Hungary, and a popular tourist destination in Budapest. It is situated on Kossuth Square in the Pest side of the city, on the eastern bank of the Danube. It was designed by Hungarian architect Imre Steindl in neo-Gothic style and opened in 1902. It has been the largest building in Hungary since its completion. The architectural style of the Hungarian parliament building was influenced by the gothic Vienna City Hall, and the renaissance elements like the cupola was influenced by the Maria vom Siege church in Vienna.

Kossuth Square
Kossuth Lajos Square (Hungarian: Kossuth Lajos tér, pronounced [ˈkoʃut ˈlɒjoʃ ˈteːr]), also known as Kossuth Square (Kossuth tér [ˈkoʃut ˈteːr]), is a city square situated in the Lipótváros neighbourhood of Budapest, Hungary, on the bank of the Danube. Its most notable landmark is the Hungarian Parliament Building (Országház). There is a station of the M2 (East-West) line of the Budapest Metro on the square as well as a stop for the scenic Tram No. 2.
Haploceratoidea
Haploceratoidea, formerly Haplocerataceae, is an extinct superfamily of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Ammonitida that unites three families, Strigoceratidae, Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae, listed below.

Haploceratoidea begins with all three families in the lower Middle Jurassic, Bajocian.  Strigoceratidae is limited to the Bajocian but Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae extend through the remaining Jurassic, well into the Cretaceous; the Oppeliidae into the middle Albian, the Haplocertidae only into the Valanginian.

Oppeliidae
Oppeliidae are compressed to oxyconic, sculptured Haploceratoidea, either unkeeled, unicarinate, bicarinate, or tricarinate; with sutures in great variety, but ribbing usually more or less falcoid or falcate. The Oppeliidae is the principal family of the Haploceratoidea, with the longest duration, extending from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) to the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Their derivation is from the Hildoceratoidea.
18th Battalion (Australia)
The 18th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. During World War I, the battalion was raised in 1915 as part of the Australian Imperial Force, attached to the 5th Brigade, of the 2nd Division. It was sent initially to Gallipoli, where it suffered many casualties before it was withdrawn from the line and sent to France and Belgium, where it served at the Western Front as part of the Australian Corps and took part in most of the major battles between 1916 and 1918. The battalion's last engagement of the war was at Montbrehain in October 1918 and it was disbanded in April 1919.

After the war, the battalion was re-raised as a part-time force in the Sydney area. It was briefly amalgamated with the 51st Battalion in 1935–1936, but the two units were later unlinked and re-raised as separate units. During World War II, the battalion served in a garrison role in Australia and was disbanded in 1944 without having seen active service overseas.

5th Brigade (Australia)
5th Brigade is a brigade of the Australian Army. Originally raised as a militia formation in 1912, the 5th Brigade was re-raised for overseas service in 1915 as part of the Australian Imperial Force during the First World War. The brigade then served during the Gallipoli Campaign and on the Western Front. During the inter-war years, it was re-raised as a part-time formation as part of Citizens Military Force. It undertook garrison duties in Australia during the Second World War, but was not deployed overseas before being disbanded in 1944. Following the war, the brigade was re-raised in 1948 once again and it is currently a Reserve combined arms formation based in New South Wales and forms part of the 2nd Division.
Mallepally
Mallepally is located near Asifnagar in Hyderabad, India. It is a locality in Hyderabad District and one of the old suburbs that have existed for a long while now. It is one of the oldest localities to exist in the history of Hyderabad during the time of Nizams.

The major colonies are Vijayanagar Colony, Aghapura Colony, Bazargaat Colony and Sitarambagh. Major landmarks are Badi Masjid popularly known as Tabligi Jamat Mosque (Nizam's era), Glory Cinema Talkies (1935; earlier known as Zia and Sham Talkies), SBH Branch (1973) and Housing Board Colony (1956).

Asif Nagar
Asif Nagar is a major neighbourhood in the western part of Hyderabad, India. It is located north of the Musi River near Mehdipatnam. It is a mandal in the Hyderabad District and one of the oldest neighbourhoods that have existed for a long while.

This used to be a legislative assembly seat part of the Lok Sabha but was delimited and now it comes under the Nampally seat. ACP Office for West Zone for Hyderabad Police is situated here.
Nyayam Kavali
Nyayam Kaavali (transl. Justice is demanded) is a 1981 Indian Telugu-language legal drama film directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy. The film is based on D. Kameswari's novel Kotta Malupu. It stars  Sarada, Chiranjeevi, Radhika, and Jaggayya. The film was remade in Hindi as Mujhe Insaaf Chahiye in 1983, in Kannada as Keralida Hennu in 1984, in Tamil as Vidhi in 1984 and in Malayalam as Thaalam Thettiya Tharattu (1983).

Thaalam Thettiya Tharattu
Thaalam Thettiya Tharattu is a 1983 Indian Malayalam-language legal drama film, directed by A. B. Raj and written by Cochin Haneefa. The film stars Menaka, Rajkumar, Lakshmi and Sankaradi. It is a remake of the Telugu film Nyayam Kavali.