hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Florida State Road 5054
Florida State Road 5054, known locally as Sarno Road, is a 1.4-mile-long (2.3 km) east–west highway in central Melbourne, Florida (formerly Eau Gallie). Its western terminus is at Florida State Road 518, a half mile east of I-95; its eastern terminus is an intersection with Wickham Road and Sarno Road. The road is completely unsigned.

Melbourne, Florida
Melbourne (MEL-burn) is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is located 72 miles (116 km) southeast of Orlando along Florida's Space Coast, so named because of the region's proximity to Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center. The city had an estimated population of 87,561 as of July 1, 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville metropolitan statistical area. Downtown Melbourne and most of the city lie inland of the Indian River Lagoon, with a small part extending over to the barrier island.
Avunu 2
Avunu 2  is a 2015 Indian Telugu-language horror thriller film written, directed, and produced by Ravi Babu. A sequel to the 2012 film Avunu, the film stars Poorna and Harshvardhan Rane who reprise their roles from the original with a new cast including Sanjjana and Nikita Thukral. The story takes place immediately after the events of Avunu.

Avunu (film)
Avunu  (transl. Yes) is a 2012 Telugu-language horror thriller film written, produced and directed by Ravi Babu and presented by Suresh Productions. Poorna and Harshvardhan Rane star in the film. The score is by Shekar Chandra and cinematography by N. Sudhakar Reddy. The film was made on a budget of ₹ 45 lakhs. It is loosely based on the 1982 American supernatural horror film The Entity and was dubbed in Hindi as Aatma Ka Ghar.
Maspalomas
Maspalomas (Spanish: [maspaˈlomas]) is a tourist resort in the south of the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, stretching from Bahía Feliz in the east to Meloneras in the west, including the resort towns of San Agustín, Playa del Inglés and Campo de Golf, as well as the residential areas of San Fernando, El Tablero and Sonnenland. Maspalomas constitutes the southernmost part of the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana, and of the island.

San Fernando de Maspalomas
San Fernando is the northern quarter of Maspalomas in the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana, Gran Canaria, and as well the name of the parish for all of Maspalomas. The patron saint San Fernando (Saint Ferdinand) was a king of Castile and famous for successful re-Christianization (the Reconquista) after the Islamic conquest of Hispania in 710.
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4Cl, also written as [NH4]Cl. It is an ammonium salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and chloride anions Cl−. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. In its naturally occurring mineralogic form, it is known as salammoniac. The mineral is commonly formed on burning coal dumps from condensation of coal-derived gases. It is also found around some types of volcanic vents. It is mainly used as fertilizer and a flavouring agent in some types of liquorice. It is a product of the reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical.
Boston Aquarial and Zoological Gardens
The Boston Aquarial and Zoological Gardens (October 1860 – June 1862) in Boston, Massachusetts, featured a public aquarium and zoo. It was located in the Financial District on Central Court (off Washington Street). On display were "hundreds of specimens of the finny tribe there to be seen sporting in their native element, in all their variety of hue and shape" as well as other animals. James Ambrose Cutting and Henry D. Butler ran the business, derived from an earlier incarnation known as the Boston Aquarial Gardens. P.T. Barnum bought it in 1862, renovated it, and reopened it as Barnum's Aquarial Gardens.

Barnum's Aquarial Gardens
Barnum's Aquarial Gardens (June 1862 – February 1863) in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, was a public aquarium, zoo, and performance space located on Washington Street in the Financial District.  P.T. Barnum bought the Boston Aquarial and Zoological Gardens in 1862, remodelled the space, changed the name of the business, and re-opened the collections to the public in June.  In contrast to its earlier incarnation, the place became more of a show-hall than a serious scientific establishment. "Madame Lanista", who wrestled with snakes, was a typical attraction of this period. Other exhibits included a dog show and a baby show, as well as dramatic performances, which were given from Dec. 16, 1862, until the venue was closed on Feb. 14, 1863. After the Gardens were closed, their contents were moved to Barnum's American Museum in New York. Most of the exhibits were destroyed when the American Museum burned down in 1865.
Bill Callahan (American football coach)
William E. Callahan (born July 31, 1956) is an American football coach who is the offensive line coach for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). Callahan was the head coach of the Oakland Raiders in 2002 and 2003, leading them to Super Bowl XXXVII, where the Raiders lost to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was also the head coach for the Nebraska Cornhuskers from 2004 to 2007 and interim head coach for the Washington Redskins in 2019. Callahan is considered to be one of the best offensive line coaches in the NFL. His son, Brian, was the head coach of the Titans.

Brian Callahan
Brian Callahan (born June 10, 1984) is an American professional football coach who is currently the quarterbacks coach and passing game coordinator for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the head coach for the Tennessee Titans from 2024 to 2025. Before his hiring as a head coach, Callahan served as the offensive coordinator for the Cincinnati Bengals from 2019 to 2023.

Callahan played college football for the UCLA Bruins and began his coaching career with them as a graduate assistant. Callahan began serving with the Denver Broncos in 2010 and was part of the team that won Super Bowl 50. After the Broncos' Super Bowl victory, Callahan served as the quarterbacks coach for the Detroit Lions and Oakland Raiders. He is the son of NFL coach Bill Callahan.
Riverside Terrace, Houston
Riverside Terrace is a neighborhood in Houston, Texas, United States. It is along Texas State Highway 288 and north of the Texas Medical Center and located near Texas Southern University and University of Houston. There about 20 sections of Riverside Terrace that span across North and South MacGregor. The community, formerly an affluent Jewish neighborhood, became an affluent community for African Americans in the 1950s and '60s. It is still predominantly African American neighborhood with different income levels. It has been undergoing a gradual change in demographics and aesthetics due to gentrification efforts since the early 2000s.

Some articles of the Houston Chronicle describe it as within Third Ward, while some articles discuss Riverside Terrace as being a separate community.

Third Ward, Houston
Third Ward is an area of Houston, Texas, United States which evolved from one of the six historic wards of the same name. It is located in the southeast Houston management district.

Third Ward, located inside the 610 Loop is immediately southeast of Downtown Houston and to the east of the Texas Medical Center. The ward became the center of Houston's African-American community. Third Ward is nicknamed "The Tre".

Robert D. Bullard, a sociologist teaching at Texas Southern University, stated that Third Ward is "the city's most diverse black neighborhood and a microcosm of the larger black Houston community."
Crown Princess Gonghoe
Crown Princess Gonghoe (Korean: 공회빈 윤씨; 11 July 1553 – 14 April 1592), of the Musong Yun clan, sometimes referred to as Yun Gonghoe-bin, was a Joseon crown princess as the wife of Crown Prince Sunhoe, the only son of King Myeongjong and Queen Insun.

Queen Insun
Queen Insun (Korean: 인순왕후 심씨; 27 June 1532 – 12 February 1575), of the Cheongsong Sim clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and queen consort of Yi Hwan, King Myeongjong. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1545 until her husband's death in 1567, after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Uiseong (의성왕대비). She served as regent of Korea during the minority of her adoptive son, king Yi Yeon, King Seonjo, from 1567 until 1568.
Incarceration in California
Incarceration in California spans federal, state, county, and city governance, with approximately 200,000 people in confinement at any given time. An additional 55,000 people are on parole.

The main government agencies and incarceration facilities involved in each jurisdiction are:

Federal: federal prisons run by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and immigrant detention centers run by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

State: state prisons, fire camps, and juvenile justice facilities, as well as a variety of community housing programs, all run by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR)

County: county jails, usually run by county sheriffs and sometimes run by a county-level department of corrections

City: city jails run by the city police department

Most people incarcerated in county and city jails are in pre-trial detention and have therefore not been convicted of a crime.

Prisons in California
The California state prison system is a system of prisons, fire camps, contract beds, reentry programs, and other special programs administered by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) Division of Adult Institutions to incarcerate approximately 117,000 people as of April 2020. CDCR owns and operates 31 prisons throughout the state.

The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation had a $15.8B budget for the 2019-2020 fiscal year, which was 7.4% of the state budget , and  $13.6 billion ($13.3 billion General Fund and $347 million other funds) for CDCR in 2021-22. The state's prison medical care system has been in receivership since 2006, when a federal court ruled in Plata v. Brown that the state failed to provide a constitutional level of medical care to its prisoners. Since 2009, the state has been under court order to reduce prison overcrowding to no higher than 137.5% of total design capacity.
John Savage (Nova Scotia politician)
John Patrick Savage OC ONS (May 28, 1932 – May 13, 2003) was a Welsh-born Canadian physician and politician. Savage was the 23rd premier of Nova Scotia between 1993 and 1997. He was born in Wales, and educated in both the United Kingdom and Ireland. He immigrated to Canada in 1967 and was a noted family physician in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. He became the mayor of Dartmouth in 1985, and won re-election twice. He then became the leader of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party in 1992 and stepped down as mayor. In 1993, he defeated the incumbent provincial government and became premier. Savage was a controversial premier, bringing in many reforms in taxation, regional government, and government hiring practices. He resigned as premier in 1997 due to his low approval ratings in public polls. He died of cancer at the age of 70 in 2003. He was the father of Mike Savage, former mayor of the Halifax Regional Municipality.

Mike Savage (politician)
Michael John Savage ONS (born May 13, 1960) is a Canadian politician who has served as the 34th lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia since 2024. The son of John Savage, he immigrated to Canada with his father from Belfast, Northern Ireland at the age of six. Savage served three terms as a Liberal member of Parliament for the riding of Dartmouth—Cole Harbour from 2004 to 2011, before serving three terms as the mayor of the Halifax Regional Municipality from 2012 to 2024. His appointment as lieutenant governor was announced by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in October 2024.
Andrićgrad
Andrićgrad (Serbian Cyrillic: Андрићград, lit. "Andrić's town") is the name of a construction project located in Višegrad, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina by film director Emir Kusturica. The town is dedicated to the Yugoslav novelist and Nobel Prize for Literature laureate Ivo Andrić.

Construction of Andrićgrad, also known as Kamengrad (Каменград, "Stonetown") started on 28 June 2011 (Vidovdan, and was officially opened on 28 June 2014, on Vidovdan. Andrićgrad is located several kilometers from Kusturica's first town, Drvengrad, in Serbia.

Andrićgrad was, in 2022, the venue used for the twelfth edition of Bina Mira, a youth festival that focuses on peace and equality between nations, that drew over 80 students from Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Germany, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia.

Küstendorf
Küstendorf (Serbian: Kustendorf / Кустендорф), also known as Drvengrad (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрвенград, lit. 'Timber Town', pronounced [dř̩ʋeŋɡrad]) and Mećavnik (Serbian Cyrillic: Мећавник, pronounced [mětɕaːʋniːk]), is a traditional village that the Serbian film director Emir Kusturica built for his film Life Is a Miracle from 2003 to 2004. It is located near the village of Mokra Gora in western Serbia, in the administrative area of Užice. Kusturica was the 2005 recipient of the Philippe Rotthier European Architecture award.
Nine Worthies
The Nine Worthies are nine historical, scriptural, and legendary men of distinction who personify the ideals of chivalry established in the Middle Ages, whose lives were deemed a valuable study for aspirants to chivalric status. All were commonly referred to as 'Princes', regardless of their historical titles. In French they are called Les Neuf Preux or "Nine Valiants", giving a more specific idea of the moral virtues they exemplified: those of soldierly courage and generalship.  In Italy they are known as i Nove Prodi.

The Nine Worthies include three pagans (Hector, Alexander the Great, and Julius Caesar), three Jews (Joshua, David, and Judas Maccabeus), and three Christians (King Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouillon).

Judas Maccabeus
Judas Maccabaeus or Maccabeus (/ˌmækəˈbiːəs/ MAK-ə-BEE-əs), also known as Judah Maccabee (Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, romanized: Yehudah HaMakabi), was a Jewish priest (kohen) and a son of the priest Mattathias. He was an early leader in the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire, taking over from his father around 166 BCE, and leading the revolt until his death in 160 BCE.

The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah ("Dedication") commemorates the restoration of Jewish worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 164 BC after Judah Maccabee removed all of the statues depicting Greek gods and goddesses and purified it.
Winter Guard
The Winter Guard (Russian: Зимняя Гвардия, romanized: Zimnyaya Gvardiya) is a fictional team of Russian superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

The Winter Guard are noted for being "Russia's answer to the Avengers". Several members of the group formerly belonged to the Soviet Super-Soldiers, the People's Protectorate, and the Supreme Soviets. Unlike those teams, which were often adversarial towards other costumed superheroes, the Winter Guard is much more heroic and representative in nature.

Unlike other superhero teams, the Winter Guard currently has a rotating pool of candidates to fill one of three roles on the team: Darkstar, Crimson Dynamo, and Red Guardian.

Crimson Dynamo
Crimson Dynamo (Russian: Багровое Динамо, Bagrovoe Dinamo; also Красное Динамо (Krasnoe Dinamo)) is the name of several characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics who have all been powered armor–wearing Russian or Soviet agents who have clashed with the superhero Iron Man over the course of his heroic career.
Edward, 2nd Duke of York
Edward, 2nd Duke of York, (c. 1373 – 25 October 1415), known as the Earl of Rutland between 1390 and 1397 and again between 1399 and 1402 and as the Duke of Aumale between 1397 and 1399, was an English nobleman, military commander and magnate. He was the eldest son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and a grandson of King Edward III of England. He held significant appointments during the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V, and is also known for his translation of the hunting treatise The Master of Game. He was killed in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt, while commanding the right wing of the English army.

Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was the fifth son (fourth surviving) of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Like many medieval English princes, Edmund gained his nickname from his birthplace: Kings Langley Palace in Hertfordshire. He was the founder of the House of York, but it was through the marriage of his younger son, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, to Anne de Mortimer, great-granddaughter of Edmund's elder brother Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, that the House of York made its claim to the English throne in the Wars of the Roses. The other party in the Wars of the Roses, the incumbent House of Lancaster, was formed from descendants of Edmund's elder brother John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, Edward III's third son.
Gallium arsenide
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure.

Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows.

GaAs is often used as a substrate material for the epitaxial growth of other III-V semiconductors, including indium gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide and others.

Direct and indirect band gaps
In semiconductors, the band gap of a semiconductor can be of two basic types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap.   The minimal-energy state in the conduction band and the maximal-energy state in the valence band are each characterized by a certain crystal momentum (k-vector) in the Brillouin zone. If the k-vectors are different, the material has an "indirect gap". The band gap is called "direct" if the crystal momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the valence band; an electron can directly emit a photon. In an "indirect" gap, a photon cannot be emitted because the electron must pass through an intermediate state and transfer momentum to the crystal lattice.

Examples of direct bandgap materials include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and some III–V materials such as InAs and GaAs. Indirect bandgap materials include crystalline silicon and Ge. Some III–V materials are indirect bandgap as well, for example AlSb.
Northern Montenegro
Northern Montenegro (Montenegrin: Sjever Crne Gore / Cjевер Црне Горе), is one of three statistical regions in Montenegro. It encompasses the sparsely populated mountainous part of Montenegro. It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast and central region of Montenegro to the south. It comprises thirteen municipalities and is the largest by area.

Statistical regions of Montenegro
The statistical regions of Montenegro (Montenegrin: statistički regioni Crne Gore / статистички региони Црне Горе) are defined, as of 2011, by the Montenegrin Regional Development Law (Zakon o regionalnom razvoju / Закон о регионалном развоју). The regions, as defined by law, roughly correspond to the informal and colloquial division of Montenegro, often used by the Montenegrin media and citizens.

Regions are not administrative divisions per se; they are used for statistical and analytical purposes, to help create the outline for more uniform economic development of Montenegro. This official definition of the regions of Montenegro is one of many definitions that are in everyday use in the country. However, this division into three regions is most widespread:
Hans Scholl
Hans Fritz Scholl (German: [hans ʃɔl] ⓘ; 22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943) was, along with Alexander Schmorell, one of the two founding members of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. The principal author of the resistance movement's literature, he was found guilty of high treason for distributing anti-Nazi material and was executed by the Nazi regime in 1943 during World War II.

Alexander Schmorell
Alexander Schmorell (16 September [O.S. 3 September] 1917 – 13 July 1943), also sometimes referred to as Saint Alexander of Munich, was a Russian-German student at Munich University who, with five others, formed a resistance group (part of the Widerstand) known as White Rose (German: Weiße Rose) which was active against the Nazi German regime from June 1942 to February 1943.

In 2012, he was glorified as a saint and passion bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, and is venerated by Orthodox Christians throughout the world.
Soft reference
A soft reference is a reference that is garbage-collected less aggressively. The class is java.lang.ref.SoftReference. The soft reference is one of the strengths or levels of 'non strong' reference defined in the Java programming language, the others being weak and phantom. In order from strongest to weakest, they are: strong, soft, weak, phantom.

Soft references behave almost identically to weak references. Soft and weak references provide two quasi-priorities for non-strongly referenced objects: the garbage collector will always collect weakly referenced objects, but will only collect softly referenced objects when its algorithms decide that memory is low enough to warrant it.

Soft references may be used, for example, to write a free memory sensitive cache such that cached objects are kept until there is not enough heap space. In some cases weakly referenced objects may be reclaimed too quickly to make such a cache useful.

Phantom reference
A phantom reference is a kind of reference in Java, where the memory can be reclaimed. The class is java.lang.ref.PhantomReference. The phantom reference is one of the strengths or levels of 'non strong' reference defined in the Java programming language; the others being weak and soft. Phantom reference are the weakest level of reference in Java; in order from strongest to weakest, they are: strong, soft, weak, phantom.

An object is phantomly referenced after it has been finalized.

In Java 8 and earlier versions, the reference needs to be cleared before the memory for a finalized referent can be reclaimed. A change in Java 9 will allow memory from a finalized referent to be reclaimable immediately.
Bill Rieflin
William Frederick Rieflin (September 30, 1960 – March 24, 2020) was an American musician. Rieflin came to prominence in the 1990s mainly for his work as a drummer with groups (particularly in the industrial rock and industrial metal scenes) such as Ministry, the Revolting Cocks, Lard, KMFDM, Pigface, Swans, Chris Connelly, and Nine Inch Nails. He worked regularly with R.E.M. following the retirement of Bill Berry in 1997. He was a member of King Crimson from 2013 until his death in 2020.

Chris Connelly (musician)
Chris Connelly (born 11 November 1964) is a Scottish musician and author. He is notable for his industrial music work of the late 1980s and early 1990s, particularly his involvement with the Revolting Cocks and Ministry.