hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Sommer Award
The Robert-Sommer Award is a prize awarded for scientific work done in the field of schizophrenia research. It has been awarded since 1996 by the Robert-Sommer Research Society. It commemorates Robert Sommer, a German psychiatrist born in Grottkau and first director of the Psychiatric University Hospital in Giessen. He is remembered for his work in experimental psychology.Traditionally the award is given to the recipient during the GISS conference in Giessen.

Robert Sommer (psychiatrist)
Karl Robert Sommer (19 December 1864, in Grottkau – 2 February 1937, in Giessen) was a german psychiatrist and genealogist born in Grottkau. He is remembered for his work in experimental psychology. He coined the term „Psychohygiene“ in 1901 and founded the „German Association for Psychohygiene“ and the „Society for Experimental Psychology“ (since 1929 „German Society for Psychology“). He is remembered for his work in experimental psychology. He also published on genealogy, philosophy, and forensics. He was also an active inventor and involved in local politics.
Caroline Simmons
Caroline B. Simmons (born February 10, 1986) is an American politician serving as the mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as state representative for Connecticut's 144th District, where she was the youngest female legislator in Connecticut state office. She is married to former State Senator Art Linares, a Republican. Simmons won the 2021 Stamford mayoral election, becoming the city's first female mayor. She won reelection in 2025 in a landslide.

David Martin (mayor)
David R. Martin (born February 23, 1953) was the mayor of Stamford, Connecticut, from 2013 to 2021. A Democrat, he was elected Mayor of Stamford in November 2013 in a four-candidate race with approximately 48% of the vote.  He was sworn in on December 1, 2013. He previously served as the President of the Stamford Board of Representatives (city council) and on the Stamford Board of Finance.
Letter of Peter to Philip
The Letter of Peter to Philip is a Gnostic writing. It was initially discovered as the second tractate in Codex VIII of the Nag Hammadi library. The tractate is a Coptic translation of a Greek original.  An additional copy of the text, also written in Coptic, was later found in Codex Tchacos.  The author of the original Greek text is unknown, but it was probably written in the late 2nd or early 3rd century.

The work begins as a putative epistle to Philip the Apostle, its authorship pseudepigraphically attributed to the apostle Peter.  However, this is more of a framing device, and the narrative quickly changes to a dialogue between Jesus Christ and the disciples.  In practice it is more of an apocalypse, revealing secrets from Christ in the form of a dialogue recorded in a letter.

Codex Tchacos
Codex Tchacos is an ancient Egyptian Coptic codex from approximately 300 AD, which contains early Christian Gnostic texts: the Letter of Peter to Philip, the First Apocalypse of James, the Gospel of Judas, and a fragment of The Temptation of Allogenes (a different text from the previously known Nag Hammadi Library text Allogenes).

Codex Tchacos is important because it contains the first known surviving copy of the Gospel of Judas, a text that was rejected as heresy by the early Christian church and lost for 1700 years. The Gospel of Judas was mentioned and summarized by the Church Father Irenaeus of Lyons in his work Against Heresies. This would date the Gospel of Judas to some time prior to Irenaeus' writing, and therefore older than the codex itself.
Conception device
A conception device is a medical device which is used to assist in the achievement of a pregnancy, often, but not always,  by means other than sexual intercourse (natural insemination, or NI). This article deals exclusively with conception devices for human reproduction.

Insemination
Insemination is the introduction of sperm (in semen) into a females reproductive system in order to fertilize the ovum through sexual reproduction. The sperm enters into the uterus of a mammal or the oviduct of an oviparous (egg-laying) animal. Female humans and other mammals are inseminated during sexual intercourse or copulation, but can also be inseminated by artificial insemination.

In humans, the act and form of insemination has legal, moral and interpersonal implications. However, whether insemination takes place naturally or by artificial means, the pregnancy and the progress of it will be the same. Insemination may be called in vivo fertilisation (from in vivo meaning "within the living") because an egg is fertilized inside the body, this is in contrast with in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
Liga Nusantara
Liga Nusantara (English: Archipelago League), officially known as PNM Liga Nusantara for sponsorship reasons, is the third-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The competition started in 2014 after PSSI merged the previous competitions, Liga Indonesia Second Division and Liga Indonesia Third Division. The competition was previously organized in two phases, with the provincial phase operated by PSSI Provincial Associations, where each province held its own regional competition, followed by the national phase operated by PSSI, where the top teams from each province competed at the national level.

Starting from the 2024–25 season, the competition is organized on a national level with teams divided into several groups based on geographical factors and is now operated by the I-League.

Indonesian football league system
The Indonesian football league system is a series of league system for association football clubs in Indonesia. Since 1994, Liga Indonesia is the league competition featuring association football clubs, as a result of two existing top-flight football leagues merger: Perserikatan (amateur) and Galatama (semi professional). Liga Indonesia is managed by PSSI, the Indonesian national football federation, and operated by I-League and its previous iterations (Badan Liga Indonesia (BLI) from 1994–2008, PT Liga Indonesia (PT. LI) from 2008–2015, PT Liga Prima Indonesia Sportindo (PT. LPIS) from 2011–2013 (Dualism Competition Operator), PT Gelora Trisula Semesta (PT. GTS) from 2016 (Unofficial Competition Operator) and PT Liga Indonesia Baru (PT. LIB) from 2017–2025).

There are four levels of competition in the hierarchy recently. The top two tiers are professional competitions, the third tier is semi-professional, and the fourth tier is amateur.
Jewish partisans
Jewish partisans were fighters in irregular military groups participating in the Jewish resistance movement against Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II.

A number of Jewish partisan groups operated across Nazi-occupied Europe, some made up of a few escapees from the Jewish ghettos or concentration camps, while others, such as Bielski partisans, numbered in the hundreds and included women and children. They were most numerous in Eastern Europe, but groups also existed in occupied France and Belgium, where they worked with the local resistance. Many individual Jewish fighters took part in the other partisan movements in other occupied countries. In total, the Jewish partisans numbered between 20,000 and 30,000.

Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe
Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe encompassed various forms of organized underground activities undertaken by Jews against German occupational regimes in Europe during World War II. According to historian Yehuda Bauer, Jewish resistance can be defined as any action that defied Nazi laws and policies. The term is particularly associated with the Holocaust and includes a wide range of responses, from social defiance to both passive and armed resistance by Jews themselves.

Due to the overwhelming military power of Nazi Germany and its allies, the system of ghettoization, and the hostility or indifference of various segments of the civilian population, most Jews had limited opportunities for effective military resistance against the Final Solution. Nevertheless, there were numerous instances of resistance, including more than a hundred documented armed uprisings.

Historiographically, the study of Jewish resistance to Nazi rule remains an important aspect of Holocaust research.
Kashihara, Nara
Kashihara (橿原市, Kashihara-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2024, the city had an estimated population of 118,674 in 56,013 households, and a population density of 3000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 39.56 km2 (15.27 sq mi). A number of historical sites in Kashihara are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage (Cultural Heritage) Tentative List as "The Asuka and Fujiwara Imperial Capitals and Related Properties," including the remains of Fujiwara-kyō, Hon-Yakushi-ji temple ruins, Maruyama Kofun, and the Yamato Sanzan.

Maruyama Kofun (Kashihara)
Maruyama Kofun (丸山古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Mise-chō, Gojōnō-chō, and Oikaru-chōo neighborhoods of the city of Kashihara, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1969 with the area under protection expanded in 1983; however, the posterior circular portion of the tumulus is under the direct control of the Imperial Household Agency as a possible imperial tomb. The tumulus is also called the Gojōnō Maruyama Kofun (五条野丸山古墳),  Oikaru Maruyama Kofun (大軽丸山古墳), or the  Mise Maruyama Kofun (見瀬丸山古墳). It is the largest kofun in Nara Prefecture and the 6th largest in the country.
Raroia
Raroia, or  Raro-nuku, is an atoll of the Tuamotus chain in French Polynesia, located 740 km northeast of Tahiti and 6 km southwest of Takume. Administratively it is a part of the commune of Makemo.

The oval-shaped atoll measures 43 km by 14 km and has a land area of 41 km2. A navigable waterway leads to the central lagoon, which has an area of 359 km2. The population as of the 2022 census was 253. The town of Garumaoa is the main settlement. Raroians live principally on fishing, copra cultivation, and pearl farming.

Takume
Takume or Pukamaru is an atoll of the Tuamotus chain in French Polynesia, located 790 km northeast of Tahiti and 6 km northeast of Raroia and 128 kilometres (80 miles) to the west of Fangatau.

This elongated atoll measures 24 by 5 kilometres (15 by 3 miles). Its lagoon has an area of 43.5 square kilometres (16.8 square miles)

Takume has many small motus on its reef; most are located on its eastern fringes. The long and deep lagoon has one navigable pass to enter it.

Takume Atoll has 116 inhabitants. The main village is Ohomo.
Evergreen Cemetery (Adams County, Pennsylvania)
Evergreen Cemetery – formerly called Citizen's Cemetery and Ever Green Cemetery – is a historic 29.12 acre rural cemetery located just outside Gettysburg Borough, in Cumberland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District, and is surrounded by Gettysburg National Military Park and Soldiers' National Cemetery.

The cemetery played a strategic role in the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg. Four months after the battle, at the dedication of the immediately-adjacent National Cemetery, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his "Gettysburg Address" from a platform in Evergreen Cemetery.

Evergreen Cemetery gatehouse
Evergreen Cemetery gatehouse (1855) is a historic building located at 799 Baltimore Pike in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. During the American Civil War, the gatehouse played an important role in the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg. It is a contributing structure in Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District.
Albert Park Circuit
The Albert Park Circuit is a motorsport street circuit around Albert Park Lake in the suburb of Albert Park in Melbourne. It is used annually as a circuit for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix, the supporting Supercars Championship Melbourne SuperSprint and other associated support races. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.

Although the entire track consists of normally public roads, each sector includes medium to high-speed characteristics more commonly associated with dedicated racetracks facilitated by grass and gravel run-off safety zones that are reconstructed annually. However, the circuit also has characteristics of a street circuit's enclosed nature due to concrete barriers annually built along the Lakeside Drive curve, in particular, where run-off is not available due to the proximity of the lake shore.

Melbourne SuperSprint
The Melbourne SuperSprint (known for sponsorship reasons as the MSS Security Melbourne SuperSprint) is an annual motor racing event for Supercars, held at the Albert Park Circuit in Melbourne, Victoria since 2018. The 2018 edition was the first time that a championship round was contested at the circuit, after several years of supporting the Australian Grand Prix as a non-championship event.
Christchurch (electorate)
Christchurch  was a parliamentary electorate in Christchurch, New Zealand. It existed three times. Originally it was the Town of Christchurch from 1853 to 1860. From the 1860–1861 election to the 1871 election, it existed as City of Christchurch. It then existed from the 1875–1876 election until the 1881 election. The last period was from the 1890 election to the 1905 election. Since the 1946 election, a similarly named electorate called Christchurch Central has been in existence.

The historic electorate was represented by 21 members of parliament. For some of the time, it was represented by one member at a time. During other periods, it was one of the few three-member electorates in New Zealand.

1890 New Zealand general election
The 1890 New Zealand general election was one of New Zealand's most significant. It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the Liberal Government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.

It was also the first election in which there was no legal plural voting. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the 'country quota' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.

Following the election and the resignation of the previous government headed by Harry Atkinson, John Ballance formed the first Liberal Party ministry, taking office on 24 January 1891. At this stage no formal party organisation existed, but the formation of the Liberal ministry signalled the end of the system by which governments were made up of a loose and unstable coalition of independent MPs and the beginning of the 'party system'.
Symphony No. 10 (Beethoven/Cooper)
Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 10 in E♭ major is a hypothetical work, assembled in 1988 by Barry Cooper from Beethoven's fragmentary sketches for the first movement. All the sketches assembled were clearly intended for the same symphony, which would have followed the Ninth, since they appear together in several small groups, and there is consensus that Beethoven did intend to compose another symphony. Cooper's score was first performed at a concert given in 1988 by the Royal Philharmonic Society, London, to whom Beethoven himself had offered the new symphony in 1827. The score is published by Universal Edition, Vienna, and appeared in a new edition in 2013.

E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E♭ minor, (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

The E♭ major scale is:
Banten Sultanate
The Banten Sultanate (Sundanese: ᮊᮞᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮔᮔ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪, كسلطانن بنتن, Kasultanan Banten ) was a Bantenese Islamic trading kingdom founded in the 16th century and centred in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English name of both was Bantam. It is said to have been founded by Sunan Gunungjati, who had previously founded Cirebon.

Once a great trading centre in Southeast Asia, especially of pepper, the kingdom reached its apogee in the late 16th and mid-17th centuries. By the late 17th century, it was overshadowed by Batavia and was finally annexed to the Dutch East Indies in 1813.

Its core territory now forms the Indonesian province of Banten. Today, in Old Banten, the Great Mosque of Banten is an important destination for tourists and for pilgrims from across Indonesia and from overseas.

Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram (/məˈtɑːrəm/) was the last major independent Javanese kingdom on the island of Java before it was colonised by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force radiating from the interior of Central Java from the late 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century.

Mataram reached its peak of power during the reign of Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo (r. 1613–1645), and began to decline after his death in 1645. By the mid-18th century, Mataram lost both power and territory to the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC). It had become a vassal state of the company by 1749.
MasterChef Thailand
MasterChef Thailand (Thai: มาสเตอร์เชฟไทยแลนด์) is a Thai competitive cooking reality show, based on the original British series of MasterChef, open to amateur and home chefs. Produced by Heliconia H Group, it debuted on June 4, 2017, on Channel 7 and Channel 7 HD.

MasterChef Junior Thailand
MasterChef Junior Thailand is a Thai competitive cooking game show that premiered in 2018.

In 2018, MasterChef Junior Thailand was brought by Channel 7. The audition for new contestants was opened in 2018.
Sporting Life (musician)
Eric Adiele, known professionally as Sporting Life, is an American record producer, rapper, songwriter and visual artist. He is best known for being a member of New York City hip hop group Ratking with American rappers Wiki and Hak. Adiele has since gone on to release several solo albums and extended plays (EPs) under R&S Records.

Ratking (group)
Ratking (often stylized in all caps) was an American hip hop group from New York City, which consisted of rappers Wiki and Hak, and producer Sporting Life. A leading force in the underground in the early 2010s, their music has been described as "stridently youthful", and the group themselves have stated they wished to reinvent rap music.

On June 22, 2016, Hak announced his departure, citing that the group "didn't see me for me", and self-released his debut solo album June. This led to the group's indefinite hiatus with Wiki and Sporting Life also venturing into further solo works. Around the same time, Wiki had already formed a supergroup with Lil Ugly Mane and Antwon, called Secret Circle, which he recorded with until an unexpected disband in 2018.
Uttarkashi–Palar Yamunotri Railway
The Uttarkashi–Palar Yamunotri Railway, notified as the project of national strategic importance, is Indian Railways's one of the four constituent routes of the proposed Char Dham Railway connecting the holiest Chota Char Dham of Hinduism. This 22 km route starts from
Uttarkashi and ends at Palar near Yamunotri.

Palar, India
Palar (Hindi: पालर), is a village in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand state in India. Situated on the banks of Yamuna river and the terminating railway station on the Uttarkashi-Palar Yamunotri Railway route of Chota Char Dham Railway nearest to Yamunotri.
Public float of QR National
In 2010, the Queensland Government split the government owned rail operator Queensland Rail into two companies: the government owned passenger operator Queensland Rail and the freight operator QR National (now Aurizon), the latter to be floated in late 2010.

Queensland Rail
Queensland Rail (QR) is a railway operator in Queensland, Australia. Queensland Rail is owned by the Queensland Government, and operates both suburban and interurban rail services in South East Queensland, as well as long-distance passenger train services connecting Brisbane to regional Queensland. Queensland Rail also owns and maintains rolling stock, in addition to approximately 6,600 kilometres (4,101 mi) of track and related infrastructure.
Hamid Jebeli
Hamid Jebelli or Hamid Jebeli (Persian: حمید جبلی; born (1958-10-02)October 2, 1958) is an Iranian stage and film actor, director, and voice actor.

He was born in Tehran, Iran. He has directed two films; Khab-e Sefid ('White Dream') and Pesar-e Maryam ('Son of Mary'). He is also the voice actor of Iranian famous puppet character, Kolah Ghermezi. His notable films as actor include Mother, Del Shodegan, Kolah Ghermezi and Pesar Khaleh, and Kolah Ghermezi and Bache Naneh.

Son of Maryam
Son of Maryam  (Persian: ﭕﺴﺮ مريم Pesar-e Maryam), is a 1998 Iranian drama film directed by Hamid Jebelli and starring Rafik Dergabrilian, Mohsen Falsafin, Hadi Nainizadeh. The movie is about a young Persian boy who befriends an Assyrian priest and learns tolerance toward Christians in post-revolution Iran.
Scared of the Dark
"Scared of the Dark" is a song recorded by British group Steps for their fifth studio album, Tears on the Dancefloor (2017). On 6 March 2017, the group announced their twentieth anniversary celebrations in the form of a new single, album and accompanying tour. "Scared of the Dark" premiered on The Ken Bruce Show on BBC Radio 2 on 9 March, and was released as the lead single from the album the following day. It is a disco song written by Carl Ryden and Fiona Bevan and performed mostly by band members Claire Richards and Faye Tozer. It garnered rave reviews from music critics, many of whom praised Steps for deliberately not conforming to current musical trends and for sticking to their original sound but with a modern feel. Within twelve hours of release, it reached number one on the iTunes Store in the United Kingdom, and debuted at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart.

Party on the Dancefloor Tour
The Party on the Dancefloor Tour was the eighth concert tour by British group Steps. It was launched in support of their fifth studio album, Tears on the Dancefloor (2017) and its subsequent deluxe edition. It began on 12 November 2017 in Belfast, Northern Ireland at the SSE Arena and concluded on 10 December 2017 in Cardiff, Wales at the Motorpoint Arena. The tour was first announced in March 2017, consisting of dates in Europe.
NZR FA class
The NZR FA class was a class of tank steam locomotives that was built as a larger version of the NZR F class 0-6-0T. The requirements were for larger water and coal capacity on a locomotive that could handle grades better than the F class. Due to costs involved in producing new machines, NZR chose to rebuild existing machines with larger coal and water capacity, larger boiler and firebox, higher boiler pressure and larger diameter pistons.
Seven F class engines were rebuilt between 1892 and 1897. Another seven were built new, one at Newmarket Workshops in 1896 and six at Addington Workshops in 1902–03.

NZR F class
The NZR F class was the first important class of steam locomotive built to operate on New Zealand's railway network after the national gauge of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) was adopted. The first locomotives built for the new gauge railways were two E class double Fairlies for the Dunedin and Port Chalmers Railway Company. The F class was the first class ordered by the central government, and between 1872 and 1888, a total of eighty-eight members of the class were constructed.
Brent Bommentre
Brent Bommentre (born May 10, 1984) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With partner Kimberly Navarro, he is the 2008 Four Continents bronze medalist and a two-time (2008 & 2009) U.S. national bronze medalist.

Kimberly Navarro
Kimberly Navarro (born April 26, 1981) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With partner Brent Bommentre, she is the 2008 Four Continents bronze medalist and a two-time (2008 & 2009) U.S. national bronze medalist.