hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apple A8
The Apple A8 is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series. It first appeared in the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, which were introduced on September 9, 2014. Apple states that it has 25% more CPU performance and 50% more graphics performance while drawing only 50% of the power of its predecessor, the Apple A7.

The latest software update for the iPhone 6 & 6 Plus and iPod Touch (6th generation) is iOS 12.5.8, as they were discontinued with the release of iOS 13 in 2019. The latest update for the iPad Mini 4 is iPadOS 15.8.6, as it was discontinued with the release of iPadOS 16 in 2022. As the Apple TV HD and HomePod (1st generation) are still supported with tvOS and audioOS updates respectively, the Apple A8 is the oldest supported Apple SoC. The Apple A8 chip was discontinued on October 18, 2022, following the discontinuation of the Apple TV HD.

Apple A8X
The Apple A8X is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, and manufactured by TSMC. It was introduced with and only used in the iPad Air 2, which was announced on October 16, 2014. It is a variant of the A8 inside the iPhone 6 family of smartphones and Apple states that it has 40% more CPU performance and 2.5 times the graphics performance of its predecessor, the Apple A7.

The latest software update for the iPad Air 2 using this chip is iPadOS 15.8.5 (updated on September 15, 2025), as the hardware limitations of the A8X meant it could not update with the release of iPadOS 16 in 2022.
LSD (group)
LSD was a supergroup consisting of British musician and rapper Labrinth, Australian singer-songwriter Sia and American music producer Diplo. The ensemble has released six singles (one of them a remix of their song "Genius"), all of which appear on their self-titled debut album, released on 12 April 2019.

Labrinth, Sia & Diplo Present... LSD
Labrinth, Sia & Diplo Present... LSD, also known simply as LSD, is the only studio album by the music group LSD. Originally scheduled to be released by Columbia Records on 2 November 2018, it was pushed back to 12 April 2019.
Appell sequence
In mathematics, an Appell sequence, named after Paul Émile Appell, is any polynomial sequence  satisfying the identity

and in which  is a non-zero constant.

Among the most notable Appell sequences besides the trivial example  are the Hermite polynomials, the Bernoulli polynomials, and the Euler polynomials. Every Appell sequence is a Sheffer sequence, but most Sheffer sequences are not Appell sequences. Appell sequences have a probabilistic interpretation as systems of moments.

Sheffer sequence
In mathematics, a Sheffer sequence or poweroid is a polynomial sequence, i.e., a sequence ( pn(x) : n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... )  of polynomials in which the index of each polynomial equals its degree, satisfying conditions related to the umbral calculus in combinatorics. They are named for Isador M. Sheffer.
Calconcarboxylic acid
Calconcarboxylic acid (IUPAC name 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid; commonly called Patton and Reeder's Indicator) is an azo dye that is used as an indicator for complexometric titrations of calcium with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the presence of magnesium. Structurally, it is similar to eriochrome blue black R, which is obtained from calconcarboxylic acid  by decarboxylation and reaction with sodium hydroxide.

Complexometric titration
Complexometric titration (sometimes chelatometry) is a form of volumetric analysis in which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the end point of a titration.  Complexometric titrations are particularly useful for the determination of a mixture of different metal ions in solution.  An indicator capable of producing an unambiguous color change is usually used to detect  the end-point of the titration. Complexometric titrations are those reactions where a simple ion is transformed into a complex ion and the equivalence point is determined by using metal indicators or electrometrically.
Blythe Bridge railway station
Blythe Bridge railway station in Blythe Bridge, Staffordshire, England, is served by trains on the Crewe to Derby Line; it is also a Community rail line known as the North Staffordshire line. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway. The full range of tickets for travel are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost.

The station was opened on 7 August 1848 by the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR).  Until 1907 the spelling of the station name was Blyth Bridge. The station buildings were demolished in the early 1990s and today it is unstaffed.

In 2010 it won East Midlands Trains' Best Small Station award.

Crewe–Derby line
The Crewe–Derby line is a railway line in central England, running from Crewe in a south-easterly direction to Derby, via Stoke-on-Trent and Uttoxeter. Passenger services on the line are provided by East Midlands Railway, with Avanti West Coast, London Northwestern Railway, Northern Trains and CrossCountry providing additional services north of Stoke-on-Trent to both Crewe and Manchester.
The Bachelor (American TV series) season 13
The thirteenth season of ABC reality television series The Bachelor premiered on January 5, 2009, and featured 32-year-old single parent Jason Mesnick from Kirkland, Washington. Mesnick was the runner-up of season four of The Bachelorette featuring DeAnna Pappas. He became the second former The Bachelorette suitor to compete on The Bachelor since Bob Guiney of season 1 of The Bachelorette and season 4 of The Bachelor.

The season concluded on March 2, 2009, with Mesnick choosing to propose to 25-year-old sales rep Melissa Rycroft. However, during the After The Final Rose special Mesnick broke up with Rycroft after realizing he was still in love with runner-up Molly Malaney. Mesnick and Malaney married in February 2010 and currently live in Washington with Mesnick's son and their daughter. Rycroft went on to marry Tye Strickland and have three children together.

This was the first season Neil Lane Couture sponsoring the jewelry line for this season, replacing Tacori.

The Bachelorette (American TV series) season 5
The fifth season of the ABC reality television series The Bachelorette began on May 18, 2009, with a two-hour premiere. The show features 29-year-old Jillian Harris, an interior designer from Peace River, Alberta, Canada. Harris is the first Canadian Bachelorette in the American franchise. She finished in third place on season 13 of The Bachelor featuring Jason Mesnick.

The season concluded on July 27, 2009, with Harris accepting a proposal from 29-year-old technology consultant Ed Swiderski. Swiderski is the first person to win in the show's history after quitting in the same season. The couple broke off their engagement in July 2010.
Lucius Aemilius Papus
Lucius Aemilius Papus (fl. 216 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He jointly commanded the Roman armies which defeated the Gauls at the Battle of Telamon in 225 BC; his co-Consul, Gaius Atilius Regulus was killed during the battle. Papus was honoured with a triumph for this victory. He subsequently held several senior positions. He belonged to the patrician gens Aemilia.

Battle of Telamon
The Battle of Telamon was fought between the Roman Republic and an alliance of Celtic tribes in 225 BC. The Romans, led by the consuls Gaius Atilius Regulus and Lucius Aemilius Papus, defeated the Celts led by the Gaesatae kings Concolitanus and Aneroëstes. This removed the Celtic threat from Rome and allowed the Romans to extend their influence over northern Italy.
Dunboy Castle
Dunboy Castle (Irish: Caisleán Dhún Baoi) is a ruined 15th-century castle on the Beara Peninsula in south-west Ireland near the town of Castletownbere. The castle's tower house and bawn were destroyed in the 1602 Siege of Dunboy, though its ruins remain open to the public.

A later manor house, historically known as Puxley Mansion but sometimes also referred to as Dunboy Castle, was built close to the castle ruins during the 19th century.

Siege of Dunboy
The siege of Dunboy took place at Dunboy Castle between 5 June and 18 June 1602, during the Nine Years' War in Ireland. It was one of the last battles of the war. An  English army of up to 5,000 under Sir George Carew besieged the castle, which was held by a Gaelic Irish force of 143 loyal to Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare. The English took the castle after eleven days and hanged the majority of captured prisoners. The English also captured a fort on nearby Dursey Island.
Patrick Mara
Patrick Mara is an American politician, who has served as Chair of the District of Columbia Republican Party since 2021. He previously served as an elected member of the District of Columbia Board of Education from 2010 to 2014.

District of Columbia Republican Party
The District of Columbia Republican Party (DC GOP) is the District of Columbia affiliate of the United States Republican Party. It was founded on June 19, 1855, and is made up of registered Republican voters living in Washington, D.C. elected to serve as the governing body of the Party. The party chairman is Patrick Mara and the party is housed in the District of Columbia alongside the Republican Party national headquarters.

The party faces steep difficulties in getting its candidates elected, as Democrats overwhelmingly outnumber Republicans in the District of Columbia. No Republican has ever been elected mayor since District of Columbia home rule began in 1975. The DC Republicans have had no representation in the D.C. Council since Carol Schwartz left office in 2009.

As of October 31, 2023, there are 23,343 registered voters affiliated with the Republican Party of the District of Columbia,  or 5.05% of all registered voters.
Alfredo Ferrari
Alfredo Ferrari (nicknamed Alfredino or Dino; 19 January 1932 – 30 June 1956) was an Italian automotive engineer and the first son of automaker Enzo Ferrari. He was diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and died aged 24. After his death, Ferrari named the car fitted with the engine that Alfredo was working on at the time of his death "Dino" in his honour.

Piero Ferrari
Piero Ferrari (born Piero Lardi, 22 May 1945; later Piero Lardi Ferrari) is an Italian billionaire businessman and sport personality. He is the second and only living son of Enzo Ferrari, and a 10.48% owner of the Ferrari automotive company, of which he is the vice chairman. He owns 13.2% of the Ferretti Group. As of February 2025, his net worth was estimated at US$10.2 billion.
Faribault, Minnesota
Faribault (/ˈfɛərboʊ/ FAIR-boh) is a city in and the county seat of Rice County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 24,453 at the 2020 census. Faribault is about 50 miles (80 km) south of Minneapolis–Saint Paul.

Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highways 3, 21, and 60 are the principal highways serving the city. Faribault is at the confluence of the Cannon and Straight Rivers. It is  home to the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf and the Minnesota State Academy for the Blind.

Straight River (southern Minnesota)
The Straight River (Dakota: Wakpá Owóthaŋna) is a tributary of the Cannon River, 55.6 miles (89.5 km) long, in southeastern Minnesota, United States. Via the Cannon River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of approximately 450 square miles (1,200 km2) in an agricultural region.

Its name is a translation of Wakpá Owóthaŋna, the Dakota name for the river. Despite its name, the river flows in a winding course, though its valley is fairly straight.  The river provided hydropower for flour milling operations in the 19th century.
Archie Griffin
Archie Mason Griffin (born August 21, 1954) is an American former professional football running back who played with the Cincinnati Bengals in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons. He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes, where he became the only two-time Heisman Trophy winner in NCAA history, 1974–1975, and is considered one of the greatest college football players of all time. Griffin won four Big Ten Conference titles with the Buckeyes and was the first player to ever start in four Rose Bowls. He was selected in the first round by the Bengals in the 1976 NFL draft.

Ray Griffin
Raymond Eric Griffin (born June 26, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes.

Griffin set up the winning touchdown in the 1975 Michigan-Ohio State rivalry game, by intercepting a Rick Leach pass with the score tied at 14-14.  Griffin returned the ball to inside the 10 yard line of Michigan, leading to fullback Pete Johnson's winning TD.  This winning score put the Buckeyes into the 1976 Rose Bowl

He is the younger brother of two-time Heisman Trophy winner Archie Griffin.
Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer
Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer (10 November 1910 – 23 May 1975) was a German astronomer and astrophysicist. His research focused on the Sun, and for that purpose he initiated construction of several solar telescopes and founded the Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics.

Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics
The Institute for Solar Physics (aka: KIS; German: Institut für Sonnenphysik), from 2018 to 2023, the institute's name was Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics, formerly known as Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics and thus abbreviated KIS) is a  non-university research institute located in Freiburg, Germany.

The institute conducts application-oriented basic research in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics and solar physics.

The KIS lost its membership to the Leibniz Association at the end of 2023 due to a negative evaluation of the institute while both the scientific and instrumentation directors left.
Harmonious coloring
In graph theory, a harmonious coloring is a (proper) vertex coloring in which every pair of colors appears on at most one pair of adjacent vertices. It is the opposite of the complete coloring, which instead requires every color pairing to occur at least once. The harmonious chromatic number χH(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of colors needed for any harmonious coloring of G.

Every graph has a harmonious coloring, since it suffices to assign every vertex a distinct color; thus χH(G)  ≤  |V(G)|. There trivially exist graphs G with χH(G) > χ(G) (where χ is the chromatic number); one example is any path of length > 2, which can be 2-colored but has no harmonious coloring with 2 colors.

Some properties of χH(G):

where Tk,3 is the complete k-ary tree with 3 levels. (Mitchem 1989)

Harmonious coloring was first proposed by Harary and Plantholt (1982). Still very little is known about it.

Complete coloring
In graph theory, a complete coloring is a (proper) vertex coloring in which every pair of colors appears on at least one pair of adjacent vertices. Equivalently, a complete coloring is minimal in the sense that it cannot be transformed into a proper coloring with fewer colors by merging pairs of color classes. The achromatic number ψ(G) of a graph G is the maximum number of colors possible in any complete coloring of G.

A complete coloring is the opposite of a harmonious coloring, which requires every pair of colors to appear on at most one pair of adjacent vertices.
Socialist Party of Albania
The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë, PSSh), also known as simply the Socialist Party (Albanian: Partia Socialiste, PS), is a social-democratic centre-left political party in Albania. It is the successor to the Party of Labour of Albania, which reconstituted itself under its current name on 13 June 1991 after the fall of communism in an effort to adapt to the new political landscape. It has been the country’s Governing Party since 2013. The Socialist Party is one of the two major parties in Albanian politics along with the Democratic Party. The PS is an associate of the Party of European Socialists and a member of the Socialist International.

2013 Albanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 23 June 2013. The result was a victory for the Alliance for a European Albania led by the Socialist Party and its leader, Edi Rama. Incumbent Prime Minister Sali Berisha of the Democratic Party-led Alliance for Employment, Prosperity and Integration conceded defeat on 26 June.
Trivium (cipher)
Trivium is a synchronous stream cipher designed to provide a flexible trade-off between speed and gate count in hardware, and reasonably efficient software implementation.

Trivium was submitted to the Profile II (hardware) of the eSTREAM competition by its authors, Christophe De Cannière and Bart Preneel, and has been selected as part of the portfolio for low area hardware ciphers (Profile 2) by the eSTREAM project.  It is not patented and has been specified as an International Standard under ISO/IEC 29192-3.

It generates up to 264 bits of output from an 80-bit key and an 80-bit IV.  It is the simplest eSTREAM entrant; while it shows remarkable resistance to cryptanalysis for its simplicity and performance, recent attacks leave the security margin looking rather slim.

ESTREAM
eSTREAM is a project to "identify new stream ciphers suitable for widespread adoption", organised by the EU ECRYPT network. It was set up as a result of the failure of all six stream ciphers submitted to the NESSIE project.  The call for primitives was first issued in November 2004. The project was completed in April 2008. The project was divided into separate phases and the project goal was to find algorithms suitable for different application profiles.
Character theory
In mathematics, more specifically in group theory, the character of a group representation is a function on the group that associates to each group element the trace of the corresponding matrix. The character carries the essential information about the representation in a more condensed form. Georg Frobenius initially developed representation theory of finite groups entirely based on the characters, and without any explicit matrix realization of representations themselves. This is possible because a complex representation of a finite group is determined (up to isomorphism) by its character. The situation with representations over a field of positive characteristic, so-called "modular representations", is more delicate, but Richard Brauer developed a powerful theory of characters in this case as well. Many deep theorems on the structure of finite groups use characters of modular representations.

Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (26 October 1849 – 3 August 1917) was a German mathematician, best known for his contributions to the theory of elliptic functions, differential equations, number theory, and to group theory. He is known for the famous determinantal identities, known as Frobenius–Stickelberger formulae, governing elliptic functions, and for developing the theory of biquadratic forms. He was also the first to introduce the notion of rational approximations of functions (nowadays known as Padé approximants), and gave the first full proof for the Cayley–Hamilton theorem. He also lent his name to certain differential-geometric objects in modern mathematical physics, known as Frobenius manifolds.
Universitario Rugby Club de Tucumán
Universitario Rugby Club is an Argentine sports institution for women's field hockey and men's rugby union based in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán.

As a rugby team, it is a member of the Unión de Rugby de Tucumán, which in turn belongs to the Unión Argentina de Rugby and plays in the First Division of the Northwest Regional Tournament.

The field hockey section of the club is affiliated to the Asociación Tucumana Amateur de Hockey (ATAH).

Torneo del Noroeste
The Torneo Regional del NOA (NorOeste Argentino – Argentine North-West), also known as Torneo del Noroeste, is a regional rugby union competition in Argentina.

Originally, only clubs from the Tucumán Rugby Union took part. In successive editions the competition added clubs from the unions of Jujuy, Salta, and Sgo. del Estero provinces. This yearly tournament has traditionally been dominated by Tucumán clubs. Clubs from the other 3 provinces have yet to win a title.

Universitario is the most successful team, with 24 titles won to date.
Myrtle Avenue
Myrtle Avenue is a 8.1-mile-long (13.0 km) street that runs from Duffield Street in Downtown Brooklyn to Jamaica Avenue in Richmond Hill, Queens, in New York City, United States. Myrtle is a main thoroughfare through the neighborhoods of Fort Greene, Clinton Hill, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Bushwick, Ridgewood, and Glendale.

Myrtle Avenue station (BMT Jamaica Line)
The Myrtle Avenue station (announced on New Technology Trains as the Myrtle Avenue–Broadway station) is a New York City Subway express station on the BMT Jamaica Line. Located at the intersection of Myrtle Avenue and Broadway at the border of Bedford–Stuyvesant and Bushwick, Brooklyn, it is served by the J and M trains at all times (the latter of which originates and terminates here during the night), and by the Z train during rush hours in peak direction.

The station has two platform levels, but all regular passenger service is on the lower platform level of the station. The station has an abandoned upper platform level which previously served the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line to Downtown Brooklyn and Lower Manhattan via the Brooklyn Bridge. Just east of the station, the remaining section of the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line diverges from the BMT Jamaica Line via slip switches in an at-grade junction.
Paul Hester
Paul Newell Hester (8 January 1959 – 26 March 2005) was an Australian musician and television personality. He was the drummer for the band Split Enz from November 1983 until their break-up in December 1984, and co-founding member and drummer of the band Crowded House.

Split Enz
Split Enz are a New Zealand band formed in 1972 in Auckland. Regarded as the first New Zealand band to gain significant recognition outside of Australasia, they were initially noted for their progressive/art rock sound, flamboyant visual style and theatrical performances. The band later moved toward a pop/new wave sound that yielded hit singles such as "I See Red" (1978), "I Got You" (1980), "History Never Repeats" (1981), "Dirty Creature" (1982) and "Message to My Girl" (1983). The band also released several critically acclaimed and commercially successful albums, including Mental Notes (1975), Dizrythmia (1977), True Colours (1980), Waiata (1981) and Time and Tide (1982). Split Enz broke up in 1984. Since that time, the band has staged several brief reunions.
Meagan Spooner
Meagan Spooner is an American author of science fiction and fantasy for young adults. She is best known for the Starbound Trilogy and Unearthed, which she co-authored with Amie Kaufman, as well as for her solo Skylark trilogy and her standalone fairytale retelling Hunted.

Amie Kaufman
Amie Kaufman is an Australian author. She has authored New York Times bestselling and internationally bestselling science fiction and fantasy for young adults. She is known for the Starbound Trilogy and Unearthed, which she co-authored with Meagan Spooner; for her series The Illuminae Files, co-authored with Jay Kristoff; and for her solo series, Elementals. Her books have been published in over 35 countries.