hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edwin L. Sibert
Edwin Luther Sibert (March 2, 1897 – December 16, 1977) was a United States Army officer with the rank of major general and served as intelligence officer during World War II and post-war Europe, where he assisted in the creation of the Gehlen Organization. He would return to the United States and briefly serve in the Central Intelligence Group, the forerunner of the modern CIA. He was the son of Major General William L. Sibert and the brother of Major General Franklin C. Sibert. A graduate of the United States Military Academy in 1918, he would receive the Distinguished Service Medal three times for his service during World War II and the Cold War.

William L. Sibert
Major General William Luther Sibert (October 12, 1860 – October 16, 1935) was a senior United States Army officer who commanded the 1st Division on the Western Front during World War I. Sibert was the first division commander of the "Big Red One," leading the 1st Infantry from June 1917 to January 1918.

Sibert's career was spent primarily with the Engineers. When he left command of the 1st Division, he was appointed to lead the new Chemical Warfare Service. After retiring as a major general in 1920, Sibert oversaw a project modernizing the docks and waterways in Mobile, Alabama, and served on the presidential commission that led to the construction of Hoover Dam. He died in Bowling Green, Kentucky on 16 October 1935. Sibert was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
Todmorden Unitarian Church
Todmorden Unitarian Church is a Unitarian church located on Honey Hole Road, Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England (grid reference SD935239). Built in honour of John Fielden, a local mill owner and a social reformer, the church was completed in 1869. It was declared redundant in 1987 and came under the care of the Historic Chapels Trust. Since 2008, regular services have been held in the building, but it remains in the care of the Trust. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building,

Historic Chapels Trust
The Historic Chapels Trust is a British Registered Charity set up to care for redundant non-Anglican churches, chapels, and places of worship in England.  To date, its holdings encompass various nonconformist Christian denominations and Roman Catholic sites.
John Abt
John Jacob Abt (May 1, 1904 – August 10, 1991) was an American lawyer and politician, who spent most of his career as chief counsel to the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and was a member of the Communist Party and the Soviet spy network "Ware Group" as alleged by Whittaker Chambers.

Ware Group
The Ware Group was a covert organization of Communist Party USA operatives within the United States government in the 1930s, run first by Harold Ware (1889–1935) and then by Whittaker Chambers (1901–1961) after Ware's accidental death on August 13, 1935.
Kirlian photography
Kirlian photography is a collection of photographic techniques used to capture the phenomenon of electrical coronal discharges. It is named after Soviet inventor and researcher of Armenian descent Semyon Kirlian, who, in 1939, accidentally discovered that if an object on a photographic plate is connected to a high-voltage source, an image is produced on the photographic plate.
The technique has been variously known as
"electrography",
"electrophotography",
"corona discharge photography" (CDP),
"bioelectrography",
"gas discharge visualization (GDV)",
"electrophotonic imaging (EPI)", and, in Russian literature, "Kirlianography".

Kirlian photography has been the subject of scientific research, parapsychology research, and art. Paranormal claims have been made about Kirlian photography, but these claims are rejected by the scientific community. To a large extent, it has been used in alternative medicine research.

Parapsychology
Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, teleportation, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Parapsychology has been criticized for continuing investigation despite being unable to provide reproducible evidence for the existence of any psychic phenomena after more than a century of research.

Parapsychology research rarely appears in mainstream scientific journals; a few niche journals publish most papers about parapsychology.
SS Cavalry Brigade
The SS Cavalry Brigade (SS-Kavallerie-Brigade) was a unit of the German Waffen-SS during World War II. Operating under the control of the Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS, it initially performed rear security duties in German-occupied Poland. During the Invasion of the Soviet Union, the brigade operated in the rear of the German forces, in the Army Group Rear Area Command. It engaged bypassed Red Army units and carried out murders of Jews, Communists and suspected Soviet partisans. In 1942, the brigade was disbanded and its personnel was transferred to the newly formed SS Division Florian Geyer.

8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
The 8th SS Cavalry Division "Florian Geyer" was a German Waffen-SS cavalry division during World War II. It was formed in 1942 from a cadre of the SS Cavalry Brigade which was involved in the Bandenbekämpfung ("bandit-fighting") operations behind the front line and was responsible for the killing of tens of thousands of the civilian population. It continued "pacification" operations in the occupied Soviet Union, leading to further atrocities.
Anna Hübler
Anna "Annie" Hübler (2 January 1885 – 5 July 1976) was a German pair skater, born in Munich. She was an Olympic champion and two-time World champion with skating partner Heinrich Burger.

Hübler and Burger were the first World champions and the first Olympic champions in pairs figure skating. They never became European champions because the European championships did not include a pairs competition until 1930.

They skated for the club Münchener EV (Munich EV).

Hübler was the first female German Olympic champion. (The first woman to win an Olympic medal for Germany was the single skater Elsa Rendschmidt. She won silver in 1908.)

After retiring from figure skating, Hübler became a singer and actress. She later owned a department store.

Heinrich Burger
Heinrich Burger (31 May 1881 – 27 April 1942) was a German figure skater. He competed in both singles and pair skating events. As a pair skater, he was Olympic champion and two-time World champion with Anna Hübler.

Burger and Hübler were the first world champions and the first Olympic champions in pair skating. They never became European champions, because the European championships did not include a pairs competition until 1930. They skated for the club Müchener EV (Munich EV). According to figure skating historian James R. Hines, "Contemporary accounts recognize them for their strength and speed, noting that they always skated in perfect time with the music."

Heinrich Burger was also a lawyer in Munich.
2011 Silverstone GP2 Series round
The 2011 British GP2 round was a GP2 Series motor race held on 9 and 10 July 2011 at Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, United Kingdom. It was the fifth round of the 2011 GP2 Season. The race supported the 2011 British Grand Prix.

2011 British Grand Prix
The 2011 British Grand Prix (formally the 2011 Formula 1 Santander British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 10 July 2011 at the Silverstone Circuit in Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire, England, and won by Fernando Alonso. It was the ninth race of the 2011 season, and saw the introduction of a ban on off-throttle blown diffusers, the practice of forcing the engine to continue to produce exhaust gasses to generate downforce when drivers are not using the throttle. The race also saw the  Formula One debut of future Grand Prix winner Daniel Ricciardo.
L (SEPTA Metro)
The L, formerly known as the Market–Frankford Line, is a rapid transit line in the SEPTA Metro network in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The L runs from the 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby, just outside of West Philadelphia, through Center City Philadelphia to the Frankford Transit Center in Near Northeast Philadelphia. Starting in 2024, the line was rebranded as the "L" as part of the implementation of SEPTA Metro, wherein line names are simplified to a single letter.

The L is the busiest route in the SEPTA system; it had more than 170,000 boardings on an average weekday in 2019. The line has elevated, on-grade, and underground portions.

69th Street Transit Center
69th Street Transit Center formerly known as (69th Street Transportation Center) is a SEPTA terminal in the Terminal Square area of Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. It serves the SEPTA Metro L, M, D, and multiple SEPTA bus routes. It is located at the end of 69th Street, a major retail corridor in Upper Darby Township across Market Street (Route 3) from the Tower Theater.

69th Street is the second-busiest SEPTA transfer point, after its 15th Street/City Hall station, serving 35,000 passengers daily during the week.
Baeza, Spain
Baeza (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈeθa]) is a city and municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Jaén, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is part of the comarca of La Loma. The present name was established in Roman times as Vivatia, then Biatia by the Visigoths,  Bayyasa by the Moors from the 8th century onwards; until it became Baeza.

It is now principally famed for having some of the best-preserved examples of Italian Renaissance architecture in Spain. Along with neighbouring Úbeda, it was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2003. The former Visigothic bishopric of Baeza remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

Úbeda
Úbeda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈuβeða]) is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Jaén, Andalusia. The town lies on the southern ridge of the so-called Loma de Úbeda, a table sandwiched in between the Guadalquivir and the Guadalimar river beds.

Both this town and the neighbouring Baeza benefited from extensive patronage in the early 16th century resulting in the construction of a series of Renaissance style palaces and churches, which have been preserved ever since. In 2003, UNESCO declared the historic centres and landmarks of these two towns a World Heritage Site. As of 2017, the municipality has a registered population of 34,733, ranking it as the fourth most populated municipality in the province.
Irish Republican Socialist Movement
The Irish Republican Socialist Movement (IRSM) is an umbrella term for:

the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP), a Marxist–Leninist Irish republican political party formed in 1974 following a split in Official Sinn Féin.
the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), the paramilitary wing of the IRSP.
the Republican Socialist Youth Movement (RSYM), the youth wing of the IRSP.

the Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America, the representation of the IRSM in North America.

Irish Republican Socialist Party
The Irish Republican Socialist Party or IRSP (Irish: Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisialach na hÉireann) is a small communist and Irish republican party in Ireland. It is associated with the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) paramilitary group. The party's youth wing is the Republican Socialist Youth Movement (RSYM). It was founded by former members of 'Official' Sinn Féin in 1974 during the Troubles. Initially it described itself as a socialist Irish republican party, but in 1984 it adopted Marxism–Leninism. The party opposes the Good Friday Agreement and the European Union. It has no elected representatives.
Laurel Park (race track)
Laurel Park, formerly Laurel Race Course, is an American thoroughbred racetrack located just outside Laurel, Maryland which opened in 1911.  The track is 1+1⁄8 miles in circumference. Its name was changed to "Laurel Race Course" for several decades until returning to the "Laurel Park" designation in 1994.

In April 2024 the Maryland General Assembly approved a bill that would consolidate thoroughbred racing in Maryland to Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. Laurel Park is expected to host the 2026 Preakness Stakes, and was then to permanently close for racing once renovations at Pimlico were completed. In January 2026, Maryland officials announced that they had reached an agreement to purchase Laurel Park from the Stronach Group for $50 million, with plans to convert it into a horse training center.

Pimlico Race Course
Pimlico Race Course is a thoroughbred horse racetrack in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is most famous for hosting the Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the Triple Crown. Its name is derived from the 1660s when English settlers named the area where the facility currently stands in honor of Olde Ben Pimlico's Tavern in London. The racetrack is nicknamed "Old Hilltop" after a small rise in the infield that became a favorite gathering place for thoroughbred trainers and race enthusiasts.

Pimlico was owned by the Stronach Group from 2011 until 2024, when ownership transferred to the state-run Maryland Thoroughbred Racetrack Operating Authority (MTROA). Pimlico closed for renovations in September 2024, with all of Pimlico's racing dates except for the 2025 Preakness Stakes transferred to Laurel Park until the project is completed.
Keebler Company
The Keebler Company is an American cookie and former cracker manufacturer. Founded in 1853, it has produced numerous baked snacks, advertised with the Keebler Elves. Keebler had marketed its brands such as Cheez-It (which bear the Sunshine Biscuits brand), Chips Deluxe, Club Crackers, E.L. Fudge Cookies, Famous Amos, Fudge Shoppe Cookies, Murray cookies, Austin, Plantation, Vienna Fingers, Town House Crackers, Wheatables, Sandie's Shortbread, Pizzarias Pizza Chips, Chachos and Zesta Crackers, among others. Keebler slogans have included "Uncommonly Good" and "a little elfin magic goes a long way". Tom Shutter and Leo Burnett wrote the familiar jingle.

The cookie and cracker lines were separated when Kellogg's sold the cookie line and the rights of the Keebler name to Ferrero SpA in 2019. The cracker lines are now marketed under the Kellogg's or Sunshine names.

Sunshine Biscuits
Sunshine Biscuits, formerly known as The Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company, was an independent American baker of cookies, crackers, and cereals.  The company, which became a brand on a few products such as Cheez-It, was purchased by Keebler Company in 1996, which was purchased by Kellogg Company in 2001.  Around then, Sunshine Biscuits was headquartered in Elmhurst, Illinois, where Keebler was located until 2001.

At the time of its purchase by Keebler, Sunshine Biscuits was the third-largest cookie baker in the United States.
Balmoral railway line
The Balmoral railway line was a railway line branching off of the Carpolac railway line at East Natimuk in Victoria, Australia.

The line was opened in stages beginning from East Natimuk to Noradjuha in 1887 and reaching Balmoral in 1919 with a link being constructed from Hamilton in stages beginning with Hamilton to Cavendish in 1915 and finally reaching Balmoral in 1920.

Carpolac railway line
The Carpolac railway line was located in the Wimmera region of Victoria and branched off of the Serviceton railway line at Horsham railway station, Victoria. It was opened in stages between 1887 and 1927, and was closed from East Natimuk to Carpolac on 8 December 1986.
Palaeorehniidae
Palaeorehniidae is an extinct family of katydid-like orthopterans that has been described from the fossil record. The family is known from the Paleocene to the end of the Eocene (65 to 35 million years ago) and has been described from North America and Scotland. Circumscription and placement of the group has changed several times since it was first described in 1939, with the group currently treated as a family that is incertae sedis in the suborder Ensifera. Five monotypic genera are assigned to the family.

Ensifera
Ensifera is a suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies, including true crickets, camel crickets, bush crickets or katydids, grigs, wētā, and Cooloola monsters. This and the suborder Caelifera (grasshoppers and their allies) make up the order Orthoptera. Ensifera is believed to be a more ancient group than Caelifera, with its origins in the Carboniferous period, the split having occurred at the end of the Permian period. Unlike the Caelifera, the Ensifera contain numerous members that are partially carnivorous, feeding on other insects, as well as plants.

Ensifer is Latin for "sword bearer", and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like ovipositor of the females.
Hans Fleischhacker
Hans Fleischhacker (10 March 1912 – 30 January 1992) was a German anthropologist with the Ahnenerbe and a commander in the SS of Nazi Germany. He worked with Bruno Beger on some projects, making measurements of Jewish people. He was with Beger at Auschwitz when the people were selected to be part of the Jewish skull collection, a project of the Ahnenerbe. At their post-war trial, Beger was found guilty of full knowledge of the scope of that project, while Fleischhacker was found not to be aware that the purpose of the measurements was to select the 86 people to be murdered at Natzweiler-Struthof camp.

Bruno Beger
Bruno Beger (27 April 1911 – 12 October 2009) was a German racial anthropologist, ethnologist, and explorer who worked for the Ahnenerbe. In that role he participated in Ernst Schäfer's 1938–1939 expedition to Tibet, helped the SS Race and Settlement Main Office (Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS, RuSHA) identify Jews, and later helped select human subjects to be killed to create an anatomical study collection of Jewish skulls.
Same-sex marriage in Portugal
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Portugal since 5 June 2010. The XVIII Constitutional Government of Portugal under Prime Minister José Sócrates introduced a bill for legalization in December 2009. It was passed by the Assembly of the Republic in February 2010, and was declared legally valid by the Portuguese Constitutional Court in April. On 17 May, President Aníbal Cavaco Silva ratified the law, making Portugal the sixth country in Europe and the eighth in the world to allow same-sex marriage nationwide. The law was published in the Diário da República on 31 May and became effective on 5 June 2010. Polling suggests that a significant majority of Portuguese people support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.

Portugal has also recognized same-sex de facto unions, providing several of the rights and benefits of marriage, since 2001.

De facto union in Portugal
A de facto union in Portugal (Portuguese: união de facto; Mirandese: ounion de fato) is a legally recognized relationship which is granted similar rights to marriage, without formal registration.

As with a common-law marriage (which is sometimes called "marriage in fact"), the act of the couple representing themselves to others as being married, and organizing their relation as if they were married, acts as the evidence for the legal recognition as a de facto union. However, unlike a common-law marriage, the status is not equivalent to a marriage: the legal rights and obligations of a couple in a de facto union are different from those of a married couple.
Saks Global
Saks Global Holdings LLC is an American holding company of department stores and commercial property. It was formed after the American assets of Canadian holding company Hudson's Bay Company were spun-off in November 2024, and expanded with the acquisition of the Neiman Marcus Group in December 2024.

Saks Global owns the full-line luxury stores Bergdorf Goodman, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue; the off-price stores Neiman Marcus Last Call and Saks Off 5th; and home furnishings website Horchow. The company is divided into four business units: Saks Global Operating Group, Saks Global Properties & Investments, Bergdorf Goodman, and Authentic Luxury Group.

In January 2026, Saks Global filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after accumulating a $4.7 billion  debt from its Neiman Marcus acquisition, amid a trend of American shoppers choosing experiential luxury and directly-operated monobrand luxury stores.

Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is an American upmarket department store chain founded in 1907 in Dallas, Texas by Herbert Marcus, his sister Carrie Marcus Neiman, and her husband Abraham Lincoln Neiman. The company is known for its luxury merchandise, including its annual offerings for the holiday season, inclusive of its Fantasy gifts. It was owned by the Neiman Marcus Group from 1987 to 2024, which also included Bergdorf Goodman and the clearance outlet Neiman Marcus Last Call, among others. In 2024 it was acquired by Saks Global. As of 2025 Neiman Marcus had 36 stores throughout the United States.
Duke of Palmela
The Duchy of Palmela was established by decree of Queen Maria II of Portugal, through Dom Pedro IV acting as Regent of the Kingdom, on 13 June 1833 (initially granted for life, then conferred as a hereditary title on 18 October 1850) in favour of Dom Pedro de Sousa Holstein, a diplomat and hero of the Liberal Wars, who had previously held, successively, the titles of first Count (by decree of Queen Maria I dated 11 April 1812) and Marquess of Palmela (by decree of King João VI dated 3 July 1823).

Prior to becoming Duke of Palmela, Dom Pedro de Sousa Holstein had been granted the title of Duke of Faial (4 April 1833).

Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela
Dom Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Faial and Palmela (8 May 1781–12 October 1850) was one of the most important Portuguese diplomats and statesmen in the first half of the 19th century. He also served as the country's first modern Prime Minister (with the title of "President of the Council of Ministers").
Victory Day over Nazism in World War II
Victory Day over Nazism in World War II (Ukrainian: День перемоги над нацизмом у Другій світовій війні, romanized: Den peremohy nad natsyzmom u Druhii svitovii viini) was a national holiday and a non-working day in Ukraine from 2015 to 2023.

The holiday was first celebrated on 9 May 2015 and followed the Day of Remembrance and Reconciliation on 8 May (which paid tribute to the victims of World War II and was also first celebrated in 2015). The holiday replaced Victory Day, which is celebrated in other post-Soviet states.

On 8 May 2023, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy submitted to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's national parliament) a bill establishing May 8, the Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939 – 1945. On 29 May 2023, parliament made the Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939 – 1945 on May 8 as a public holiday, canceling the Victory Day over Nazism in World War II on May 9.

Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939 – 1945
Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939 – 1945 (Ukrainian: День па́м'яті та перемо́ги над наци́змом у Дру́гій світові́й війні́ 1939 – 1945 ро́кі́в, romanized: Den pamiati ta peremohy nad natsyzmom u Druhii svitovii viini 1939 – 1945 rokiv) is a national holiday and non-working day in Ukraine established in 2023. Its first celebration was in 2024. The holiday is celebrated on 8 May and has replaced Victory Day over Nazism in World War II that was previously celebrated on 9 May, from 2015 to 2023.