hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
August 2025 Israeli attack on Sanaa
On 28 August 2025, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) conducted targeted strikes, codenamed Operation Lucky Drop (Hebrew: מבצע טיפת מזל) against several Houthi ministers in Bayt Baws, Sanaa, Yemen. The group's prime minister Ahmed al-Rahawi, defense minister Mohamed al-Atifi, and chief of staff Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Ghamari, who had gathered to listen to a televised speech by Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, were among the targets. The deaths of al-Rahawi and several other ministers were later confirmed by the group, and al-Ghamari's death was confirmed in October.

Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Ghamari
Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Ghamari (Arabic: محمد عبد الكريم الغماري; c. 1979–1984 – 28 August 2025) was a Yemeni militant who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Houthi-led faction of the Yemeni Armed Forces, holding the rank of Major General.
Mabel Walker (suffragist)
Mabel Cordelia Holloway Walker (May 2, 1902 – July 8, 1987), an American-Bahamian suffragist, was the founding president of the Bahamas Union of Teachers and the first woman to head a trade union in The Bahamas. Walker along with Mary Ingraham, Georgianna Symonette, and Eugenia Lockhart started the Women's Suffrage Movement that campaigned for universal adult suffrage. In 2012, on the fiftieth anniversary of women gaining the right to vote, the Bahamian government created a series of postage stamps to honor these women. Walker appeared on a 50-cent stamp.

Georgianna Kathleen Symonette
Georgianna Kathleen Symonette (4 April 1902 – 14 May 1965) a Bahamian suffragist, was the founding chairwoman of the Women's Branch of the Progressive Liberal Party and founding member of the Women's Suffrage Movement. Her son Clement became Deputy Prime Minister of the Bahamas and her granddaughter, Attorney General and Minister for Legal Affairs.
Wakinoda Station
Wakinoda Station (脇野田駅, Wakinoda-eki) was a railway station on the Shinetsu Main Line in Jōetsu, Niigata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It closed in 2014, replaced by the nearby Jōetsumyōkō Station.

Jōetsumyōkō Station
Jōetsumyōkō Station (上越妙高駅, Jōetsumyōkō-eki) is an interchange railway station in Jōetsu, Niigata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and the third-sector railway operator Echigo Tokimeki Railway. It opened in March 2015.
Foramen spinosum
The foramen spinosum is a small open hole in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone that gives passage to the middle meningeal artery and vein, and  the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (sometimes it passes through the foramen ovale instead).

The foramen spinosum is often used as a landmark in neurosurgery due to its close relations with other cranial foramina. It was first described by Jakob Benignus Winslow in the 18th century.

Greater wing of sphenoid bone
The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone, positioned in the skull behind each eye. There is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backward.
Howard Smith (actor)
Howard Irving Smith (August 12, 1893 – January 10, 1968) was an American character actor with a 50-year career in vaudeville, theatre, radio, films and television. In 1938, he performed in Orson Welles's short-lived stage production and once-lost film, Too Much Johnson, and in the celebrated radio production, "The War of the Worlds". He portrayed Charley in the original Broadway production of Death of a Salesman and recreated the role in the 1951 film version. On television, Smith portrayed the gruff Harvey Griffin in the situation comedy, Hazel.

Death of a Salesman (1951 film)
Death of a Salesman is a 1951 American tragedy film adapted from the 1949 play of the same name by Arthur Miller. It was directed by László Benedek and written for the screen by Stanley Roberts. The film received many honors, including four Golden Globe Awards, the Volpi Cup and five Oscar nominations. Alex North, who wrote the music for the Broadway production, was one of the five Academy Award nominees for the film's musical score.
Large deviations theory
In probability theory, the theory of large deviations concerns the asymptotic behaviour of remote tails of sequences of probability distributions. While some basic ideas of the theory can be traced to Laplace, the formalization started with insurance mathematics, namely ruin theory with Cramér and Lundberg. A unified formalization of large deviation theory was developed in 1966, in a paper by Varadhan. Large deviations theory formalizes the heuristic ideas of concentration of measures and widely generalizes the notion of convergence of probability measures.

Roughly speaking, large deviations theory concerns itself with the exponential decline of the probability measures of certain kinds of extreme or tail events.

S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
Sathamangalam Ranga Iyengar Srinivasa Varadhan, FRS (born 2 January 1940) is an Indian American mathematician and statistician. He is known for his fundamental contributions to probability theory and in particular for creating a unified theory of large deviations. He is regarded as one of the fundamental contributors to the theory of diffusion processes with an orientation towards the refinement and further development of Itô’s stochastic calculus. In the year 2007, he became the first Asian to win the Abel Prize.
KCB Bank Rwanda Limited
KCB Bank Rwanda was a commercial bank in Rwanda and a subsidiary of Kenyan KCB Group. It was one of the banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the country's banking regulator.

As of June 2015, KCB Rwanda was a medium-sized financial service provider, with estimated total assets of about US$190.2 million (RWF:140 billion) and shareholders' equity of approximately US$16.3 million (RWF:12 billion).

KCB Group
KCB Group Limited, also known as the KCB Group, is a financial services holding company based in the African Great Lakes region. The Group's headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya, with its subsidiaries being KCB Bank Kenya Limited, KCB Bank Burundi Limited, KCB Bank Rwanda Limited, KCB Bank South Sudan Limited, KCB Bank Tanzania Limited, KCB TMB Congo and KCB Bank Uganda Limited.
Hulu Selangor District
Hulu Selangor is a district in Selangor, Malaysia. It contains the towns of Serendah, Batang Kali and Kuala Kubu Bharu. Its principal town is Kuala Kubu Bharu.  The district is located in the northeastern part of Selangor and borders the state of Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Sabak Bernam district to the northwest, Kuala Selangor district to its southwest and Gombak district to the south. Selangor River sources from this area, hence giving the district's name. Originally, Gombak district which includes Rawang was a part of this district, but separated on 1 February 1974 during Selangor district restructuring as Kuala Lumpur succeeded  from Selangor.

Kuala Selangor District
The Kuala Selangor District is a district in Selangor, Malaysia. It has a total landmass of 1,194.52 square kilometres (461 sq mi) separated by Selangor River into two division, Tanjung Karang and Kuala Selangor. The district boundary is shared with Sabak Bernam at the north, Hulu Selangor and Gombak at the west, Petaling at the southwest and Klang at the south.
Polycythemia vera
In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. Approximately 98% of PV patients have a JAK2 gene mutation in their blood-forming cells (compared with 0.1-0.2% of the general population).

Most of the health concerns associated with PV, such as thrombosis, are caused by the blood being thicker as a result of the increased red blood cells.

PV may be asymptomatic. Possible symptoms, if any do occur, include fatigue, itching (pruritus), particularly after exposure to warm water, and severe burning pain in the hands or feet that is usually accompanied by a reddish or bluish coloration of the skin.

Treatment consists primarily of blood withdrawals (phlebotomy) and oral meds.

PV is more common in the elderly.

Cyanosis
Cyanosis is the change of tissue color to a bluish-purple hue, as a result of decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed. Cyanosis is apparent usually in the body tissues covered with thin skin, including the mucous membranes, lips, nail beds, and ear lobes. Some medications may cause discoloration such as medications containing amiodarone or silver. Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis. Management of cyanosis involves treating the main cause, as cyanosis is not a disease, but rather a symptom.

Cyanosis is further classified into central cyanosis and peripheral cyanosis.
Arixeniidae
Arixeniidae is a family of earwigs in the suborder Neodermaptera. Arixeniidae was formerly considered a suborder, Arixeniina, but was reduced in rank to family and included in the new suborder Neodermaptera.

Arixeniidae is represented by two genera, Arixenia and Xeniaria, with a total of five species. Arixenia esau and Xeniaria jacobsoni are the most well-known. As with Hemimerina, they are blind, wingless ectoparasites with filiform segmented cerci.  They are ectoparasites of various Southeast Asian bats, particularly of the genus Cheiromeles (i.e., "naked bulldog bats").

Arixenia
Arixenia is a genus of earwigs, one of only two genera in the family Arixeniidae, and contains two species. These earwigs live on bats and feed off their dead skin, being commensalistic symbionts.

The genus Arixenia live on the skin of bats mainly of the genus Cheiromeles. Another genus Hemimerus is also ectoparasitic and found on rats of the genus Cricetomys. They are placed in the suborder Arixenina and have unsegmented cerci.
American Federation of Aviculture
The American Federation of Aviculture, Inc. (AFA) is a national organization dedicated to aviculture, whose purpose is to educate the public and assist members regarding best practices for keeping and living with exotic birds.  Local affiliate bird clubs throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico, along with national and international specialty organizations; comprise the Federation. The American Federation of Aviculture is registered as a non-profit 501(c)3 educational organization, with a business office located in Austin, Texas.

AFA members work to promote responsible breeding and care of birds.  The volunteer organization provides assistance and resources to all people involved with companion birds including breeders, owners, researchers, vets and rescue organizations. AFA members actively support research projects designed to make life better for parrots in their native habitats.

Aviculture
Aviculture is the practice of keeping and breeding birds, especially of wild birds in captivity, and including poultry, in controlled conditions, normally within the confines of a cage or an aviary.

Some reasons for aviculture are: breeding birds as a hobby, a business like a zoo, or sometimes for research and conservation purposes to preserve and protect some endangered avian species that are at risk due to habitat destruction, the illegal wildlife trade, diseases, and natural disasters. Aviculture encourages conservation, provides education about avian species, provides companion birds for the public, and includes research on avian behaviour. Popular birds people like to keep and breed include budgerigars, cockatiels, finches, macaws, domestic canaries, columbidae (pigeons and doves), loriini (lories and lorikeets), cockatoos, conures, and African grey parrots.
Chester F.C.
Chester Football Club is an association football club based in Chester, England. They are currently members of the National League North, the sixth tier of English football, and play at the Deva Stadium.

The club was reformed in 2010 following the liquidation of Chester City. In its inaugural season it competed in Division One North of the Northern Premier League, following a successful appeal to the Football Association against its initial placement in the North West Counties League. After winning this division, it then won the Northern League Premier Division in 2011–12 and the Conference North in 2012–13. Chester returned to the National League North following relegation in 2017–18.

2011–12 Northern Premier League
The 2011–12 season was the 44th season of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, and the fifth season of the Northern Premier League Division One North and South.

The League sponsors for 2011–12 were Evo-Stik. The league allocations were released on 20 May 2011.
Boya (caste)
The Nayak (also referred to as Nayaka, Bedar) is a disparate Indian community found in the South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. They are traditionally considered a "militant caste", who ruled parts of South India and had served the ruling powers as administrators (Nayakas), raiders and had other martial pursuits.

In Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu they are listed in the Other Backward Class category.

Nayakas of Chitradurga
Nayakas of Chitradurga (1588–1779) were an Indian dynasty that ruled parts of eastern Karnataka during the post-Vijayanagara period, centered at Chitradurga. During the rule of the Hoysala Empire and the Vijayanagara Empire, they served as a feudatory chiefdom. Later, after the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, they ruled at times as an independent chiefdom and at other times as a vassal of the Mysore Kingdom, Mughal Empire and Maratha Empire. Their territories merged into the Kingdom of Mysore under British rule.
Tremulina
Tremulina is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Restionaceae. The genus was first described in 1998 by Barbara Briggs & Lawrie Johnson. The type species is Tremulina tremula.

Its native range is Southwestern Australia.

Species:

Tremulina cracens B.G.Briggs & L.A.S.Johnson

Tremulina tremula (R.Br.) B.G.Briggs & L.A.S.Johnson

Tremulina tremula
Tremulina tremula  is a plant in the Restionaceae family, found in the south-west of Western Australia.

It was first described in 1810 by Robert Brown as Restio tremulus, but was transferred to the genus  Tremulina in 1998 by Barbara Briggs & Lawrie Johnson.

The species epithet, tremula, is a Latin adjective (tremulus, -a, -um, derived from the verb, tremere, "to tremble"), which describes the plant as trembling or shaking.
Robert Jousie
Robert Jousie (or Joussie or Jowsie or Jossie; died 1626) was a Scottish textile merchant, financier, and courtier. He was involved in the collection and administration of the English subsidy of James VI. Jousie supplied fabrics used at the baptism of Prince Henry (1594), and for the clothes of Prince Henry and Princess Elizabeth.

English subsidy of James VI
Queen Elizabeth I of England paid a subsidy to King James VI of Scotland from 1586 to 1602. This enabled her to influence James by delaying or deferring payments to his diplomats in London. Records survive of the yearly amounts, and details of the expenditure in some years. A large proportion of the money in 1589 was spent on the royal wedding and in subsequent years on the royal wardrobe of James and Anne of Denmark. Some royal expenses were met by Anne of Denmark's dowry, which was known as the "tocher". The regular incomes of the Scottish crown were feudal rents, customs, and "compositions" charged on grants of land. Accounts for royal incomes and payments survive as the exchequer rolls and lord treasurer's accounts and have been published as historical sources.
AC Cesena
AC Cesena, commonly referred to as Cesena (Italian pronunciation: [tʃeˈzɛːna]), was an Italian football club based in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna. The club spent most of its history in professional leagues such as Serie A and Serie B, but went bankrupt and folded in 2018. Another club from Cesena, Romagna Centro, claims to be the bankrupted club's successor and in 2019 changed its name to Cesena FC.

The club was formed in 1940 and won its first promotion to Serie A in 1973. Since then, the club have been in Serie A for a total of 13 seasons, their best achievement coming in 1976 with a sixth-placed finish and a short run in the following season's UEFA Cup. The other four promotions to Serie A were achieved in 1981, 1987, 2010 (after two consecutive promotions — from the third league (Lega Pro) in 2009 and from Serie B in 2010, both won on the final day of the season) and 2014.

2009–10 Serie B
The 2009–10 Serie B season is the seventy-eighth edition since its establishment in 1929.  Serie B is the second-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie A. It is contested by 22 teams and organized by the Lega Calcio.

A total of 22 teams contest the league, 15 of which returned from the 2008–09 season, four of which have been promoted from Lega Pro Prima Divisione, and three relegated from Serie A.
Jeff Kennett
Jeffrey Gibb Kennett (born 2 March 1948) is an Australian former politician who served as the 43rd Premier of Victoria between 1992 and 1999, Leader of the Victorian Liberal Party from 1982 to 1989 and from 1991 to 1999, and the Member for Burwood from 1976 to 1999. He is currently a media commentator.

Kennett was previously the president of the Hawthorn Football Club, from 2005 to 2011 and again from 2017 to 2022. He is the founding Chairman of beyondblue, a national mental health advocacy organisation.

John Cain (41st Premier of Victoria)
John Cain (26 April 1931 – 23 December 2019) was an Australian politician who was the 41st Premier of Victoria, in office from 1982 to 1990 as leader of the Labor Party. During his time as premier, reforms were introduced such as liberalised shop trading hours and liquor laws, equal opportunity initiatives, and occupational health and safety legislation.
St Peter's Church, Formby
St Peter's Church is in Green Lane, Formby, Sefton, Merseyside, England, and is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Liverpool.  It was built in 1746 to replace a chapel on another site that had been destroyed in a storm.  The church built at this time is in Georgian style.  It was extended at the east end in 1873, and this part of the church is in Gothic Revival style.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Anglican Diocese of Liverpool
The diocese of Liverpool is a diocese of the Church of England in North West England. The diocese covers Merseyside north of the River Mersey, south-west Lancashire, western Greater Manchester, and part of northern Cheshire. Liverpool Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Liverpool, currently John Perumbalath, and the diocesan offices are also located in Liverpool. The bishop is assisted by one suffragan bishop, the bishop of Warrington.

What is now the diocese of Liverpool was historically part of the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, and became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541. The diocese of Liverpool was established on 9 April 1880.
Associated Motor Cycles
Associated Motor Cycles (AMC) was a British motorcycle manufacturer founded by the Collier brothers as a parent company for the Matchless and AJS motorcycle companies. It later absorbed Francis-Barnett, James, and Norton before incorporation into Norton-Villiers. Henry Herbert Collier founded Matchless as a cycle company in 1878. His sons Henry (Harry) and Charles (Charlie) joined him and the name was changed to H. Collier & Sons.

Francis–Barnett
Francis & Barnett Limited was an English motorcycle manufacturer from 1919 to 1966. Gordon Inglesby Francis and Arthur Barnett founded the company, which was based in Lower Ford Street, Coventry, until 1962. In 1947, Associated Motor Cycles (AMC) took over Francis-Barnett. In 1957, AMC merged Francis-Barnett with James in Birmingham; and in 1962, Francis-Barnett production moved to the James factory. In 1966 Manganese Bronze Holdings took over AMC, and terminated production of both Francis-Barnett and James.

Francis-Barnett motorcycles were nicknamed "Franny B" or "Fanny B". They were built with small engines, up to 350 cc (21 cu in), for affordable private transport and for use in motorcycle sport. Most Francis-Barnett motorcycles were built with Villiers two-stroke engines, until in 1959 AMC introduced its own range of single-cylinder two-stroke engines, made in-house, for both Francis-Barnett and James motorcycles.
Marie Thérèse Coincoin
Marie Thérèse Coincoin, born as Coincoin (with no surname), also known as Marie Thérèse dite Coincoin, and Marie Thérèse Métoyer, (August 1742 – 1816) was a planter, slave owner, and businesswoman at the colonial Louisiana outpost of Natchitoches (later known as Natchitoches Parish).

A Louisiana Creole of color, Coincoin was born into slavery. Her freedom was purchased in 1778 by Claude Thomas Pierre Métoyer, with whom she had a long liaison and ten children. She and her descendants established the historical community of Isle Brevelle of Créoles of color along the Cane River, including what is said to be the first church founded by free people of color for their own use, St. Augustine Parish Church, Natchez, Louisiana. The church is included as a notable site on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.

St. Augustine Catholic Church and Cemetery (Natchez, Louisiana)
St. Augustine Catholic Church and Cemetery, or the Isle Brevelle Church, is a historic Catholic parish property founded in 1829 near Melrose, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. It is the cultural center of the Cane River area's historic French, Spanish, Native American and Black Creole community. It is also the oldest surviving Black Catholic church in the United States.

Established as a mission church by Louisiana Creole Nicolas Augustin Metoyer, St. Augustine is celebrated as the first church in Louisiana to be built by and for free people of color. It is also among the oldest churches founded and built by and for African Americans.

The church and cemetery are within the Cane River National Heritage Area, and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Because of its significance in Catholic and Creole history, St. Augustine also is a marked destination on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.