hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pechenegs
The Pechenegs (/ˈpɛtʃənɛɡ/) or Patzinaks, also known as Pecheneg Turks, were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia who spoke the Pecheneg language. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula. In the 9th century, the Pechenegs began a period of wars against Rus', and for more than two centuries launched raids into the lands of Rus', which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars.

Kangly
The Kangly (康曷利; pinyin: Kānghélì; Middle Chinese (ZS): /kʰɑŋ-ɦɑt̚-liɪH/ or 康里 pinyin: Kānglĭ < MC-ZS: /kʰɑŋ-lɨX/;Karakhanid: قنكلى, romanized: Kaɣnï or قنكلى romanised: Kaŋlï, also spelled Qaŋlï, Qanglı, Kanly, Kangly, Qangli, Kangli or Kankali) were a Turkic people of Eurasia who were active from the Tang dynasty up to the Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty.
Jaca
Jaca (Spanish pronunciation: ['xaka]; in Aragonese: Chaca or Xaca) is a city of northeastern Spain in the province of Huesca, located near the Pyrenees and the border with France. Jaca is an ancient fort on the Aragón River, situated at the crossing of two great early medieval routes, one from Toulouse to Santiago de Compostela and Pau to Zaragoza. Jaca was the city out of which the County and Kingdom of Aragon developed. It was the first capital of the Kingdom of Aragon until 1096 and also the capital of Jacetania.

La Jacetania
La Jacetania (Aragonese: A Chacetania; French: Jacétanie) is a comarca in northern Aragon, Spain. It is located in the northwestern corner of the Huesca and Zaragoza provinces. The administrative capital is Jaca, which with a population of 13,374 is the largest town in the comarca. The area is famous for its ski resorts.

Jacetania is bordered by France to the north and Navarre to the west. Most of its territory is mountainous, with the ranges of the Pyrenees and Pre-Pyrenees covering most of its area. The name of the comarca originates in the ancient Iberian tribe of the Iacetani (Latin: Iaccetani).

This comarca was the birthplace of the historic County of Aragon.
Marjorie Merriweather Post
Marjorie Merriweather Post (March 15, 1887 – September 12, 1973) was an American businesswoman, socialite, and philanthropist. She was the daughter of C. W. Post and the owner of General Foods Corporation.  For much of Post's life, she was known as the wealthiest woman in the United States.

Post used much of her fortune to collect art, particularly Imperial-era Russian art, much of which is now on display at Hillwood, the museum which was her estate in Washington, D.C. She is also known for her mansion, Mar-a-Lago, in Palm Beach, Florida.

Clarence Birdseye
Clarence Birdseye (December 9, 1886 – October 7, 1956) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, and naturalist, considered the founder of the modern frozen food industry. He founded the frozen food company Birds Eye. Among his inventions during his career was the double belt freezer.

One of nine children, Birdseye grew up in New York City before heading to Amherst College and began his scientific career with the U.S. government. A biography of his life was published by Doubleday over a half century after his death.
Indian Bank Recreational Club
Indian Bank Recreational Club (also known as Football Club Indian Bank) is an Indian professional football club based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The club formerly participated in the National Football League, and the I-League Second Division. They are currently competing in Chennai Football League, under license from Tamil Nadu Football Association (TNFA).

Indian Bank was managed by former India international, Syed Sabir Pasha, who also captained the team since their inception. Indian Bank also participated in the National Football League II, and National Football League III.

National Football League (India)
The National Football League (NFL) was the men's highest level of the Indian football league system from 1996 to 2007. Founded by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) in 1996, the NFL was the first football league in India to be organized on a national scale. The AIFF then added a second division in 1997 and a third division was soon added by the governing body in 2006. The NFL was eventually replaced by the I-League for the 2007–08 season in order to professionalize the sport in India.

As well as league competition, clubs in the NFL would also participate in the main domestic cup competition, the Federation Cup. The NFL champions would also participate in the Indian Super Cup against the Federation Cup champion. NFL players could also participate in the state-based Santosh Trophy competition.
Jewelry District (Providence)
The Jewelry District is a neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island located just southeast of Downtown. The historical path of Interstate 195 delineates the neighborhood's northern border while Interstate 95 and the Providence River define its western, southern and eastern edges.

Beginning in the 19th century, the area became a center of jewelry manufacturing. In the 1960s, the area was detached from the rest of Downtown with the construction of Interstate 195. A major construction project completed in 2013 relocated Interstate 195 further south, reconnecting the district with Downtown Providence and freeing 19 buildable acres of land.

Contained within the Jewelry District neighborhood is the Providence Jewelry Manufacturing Historic District, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and expanded in 2012.

Interstate 195 (Rhode Island–Massachusetts)
Interstate 195 (I-195) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway running a combined 44.55 miles (71.70 km) in the US states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. It travels from a junction with I-95 in Providence, Rhode Island, east to a junction with I-495 and Massachusetts Route 25 in Wareham, Massachusetts. It runs east–west and crosses Southeastern Massachusetts, passing through the cities of Fall River, Massachusetts, and New Bedford, Massachusetts. The portion of I-195 in East Providence is also known as the East Providence Expressway.

I-195 provides a direct highway route to Cape Cod from Rhode Island and, via I-95, from New York and Connecticut as well.
Russian famine of 1921–1922
The Russian famine of 1921–1922, also known as the Povolzhye famine (Russian: Голод в Поволжье 'Volga region famine'), was a severe famine in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic that began early in the spring of 1921 and lasted until 1922. The famine resulted from the combined effects of severe drought, the continued effects of World War I, economic disturbance from the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and failures in the government policy of war communism (especially prodrazvyorstka). It was exacerbated by rail systems that could not distribute food efficiently.

The famine killed an estimated five million people and primarily affected the Volga and Ural River regions. Many of the starving resorted to cannibalism. The outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and typhus were also contributing factors to famine casualties.

Volga region
The Volga region, known as the Povolzhye (UK: /pəˈvɔːlʒeɪ/ pə-VAWL-zhay, US: /pəˈvoʊlʒeɪ/ pə-VOHL-zhay; Russian: Поволжье [pɐˈvoɫʐje] lit. 'Along the Volga'), is a historical region in Russia that encompasses the drainage basin of the Volga River, the longest river in Europe, in central and southern European Russia.
The Volga region is culturally separated into three sections:

■ Upper Volga Region – from the Volga River's source in Tver Oblast to the mouth of the Oka River in Nizhny Novgorod;

■ Middle Volga Region – from the mouth of the Oka River to the mouth of the Kama River south of Kazan;

■ Lower Volga Region – from the mouth of the Kama River to the Volga Delta in the Caspian Sea, in Astrakhan Oblast.

The geographic boundaries of the region are vague, and the term Volga region is used to refer primarily to the Middle and Lower sections, which are included in the Volga Federal District and Volga economic region.
Epicentral distance
Epicentral distance refers to the ground distance from the epicenter to a specified point. Generally, the smaller the epicentral distance of an earthquake of the same scale, the heavier the damage caused by the earthquake. On the contrary, with the increase of epicentral distance, the damage caused by the earthquake is gradually reduced. Due to the limitation of seismometers designed in the early years, some seismic magnitude scales began to show errors when the epicentral distance exceeded a certain range from the observation points. In seismology, the unit of far earthquakes is usually ° (degree), while the unit of near earthquakes is km. But regardless of distance, Δ is used as a symbol for the epicentral distance.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Wally Voss
Wally Voss (July 25, 1958 – November 29, 1992) was an American bass player. He was the bass player for Fort Lauderdale bands Pearl and later Front Runner, then played live with Yngwie Malmsteen on the Trilogy tour. Later in 1987, he played the bass parts on the Out of the Sun album from Joey Tafolla.

Voss died from Hodgkin's lymphoma on November 29, 1992, at the age of 34. In 1999, bassist Kostas Domenikiotis listed Voss as one of his influences.

Yngwie Malmsteen
Yngwie Johan Malmsteen (/ˈɪŋveɪ ˈmɑːlmstiːn/; born Lars Johan Yngve Lannerbäck, Swedish: [lâːʂ ˈjuːhan ˈʏŋvɛ lânːɛrbɛk] on 30 June 1963) is a Swedish-American guitarist. He first became known in the 1980s for his neoclassical playing style in heavy metal, and has released 22 studio albums in a career spanning over 40 years.
James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Châtellerault, 2nd Earl of Arran (c. 1519 – 22 January 1575), was a Scottish nobleman and Regent of Scotland during the minority of Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1543 to 1554. At first pro-English and Protestant, he converted to Catholicism in 1543 and supported a pro-French policy. He reluctantly agreed to Mary's marriage to Francis, eldest son of King Henry II (Henri II)of France, and was rewarded by Henry by being made Duke of Châtellerault in 1549. During the Scottish Reformation, he joined the Protestant Lords of the Congregation to oppose the regency of Mary of Guise.

Lords of the Congregation
The Lords of the Congregation (Scots: Lairds o the Congregatioun), originally styling themselves the Faithful, were a group of Protestant Scottish nobles who in the mid-16th century favoured a reformation of the Catholic church according to Protestant principles and a Scottish-English alliance. The Confederate Lords were nobles who opposed Mary, Queen of Scots, after she married the Earl of Bothwell.
Dunn-Line
Dunn-Line was a bus operator based in Nottingham, England, with services throughout Nottinghamshire operated from depots in Nottingham and Tuxford. The company also had a presence in the Lincoln area, largely through County Council contracted operations.

The company was also a large operator of National Express services and its coaches could be seen throughout the UK on scheduled express routes.

In March 2006, Dunn-Line was sold to Veolia Transport. The Dunn family went on to run various aspects of Rotala and Yourbus.

Veolia sold its Nottingham bus and private hire coach operations to Premiere Travel in January 2011, along with between 30 and 40 vehicles. The following month, its National Express coach work from the city passed to Yourbus.

Veolia Transport
Veolia Transport (formerly Connex and CGEA Transport) was the international transport services division of the French-based multinational company Veolia until the 2011 merger that gave rise to Veolia Transdev, later renamed Transdev. Veolia Transport traded under the brand names of Veolia Transportation in North America and Israel, Veolia Transport, Veolia Verkehr in Germany and with the former name Connex preserved in Lebanon, Melbourne (until it ceased operations in 2009) and Jersey (until it ceased operations on 31 December 2012) .

Until 2011, Veolia had diverse road and rail operations across the globe, employing 72,000 workers worldwide and serving completely or partly about 40 metropolitan areas with more than 1,000,000 inhabitants.
5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards
The 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment of the British Army formed in 1922 by the amalgamation of the 5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) and the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons. It served in the Second World War and the Korean War. In August 1992, as a consequence of the Options for Change defence cuts, the regiment was amalgamated with the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards to form the Royal Dragoon Guards.

5th Dragoon Guards
The 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards was a British army cavalry regiment, officially raised in January 1686 as Shrewsbury's Regiment of Horse  or the Earl of Shrewsbury's Horse.

By 1687, it was known as Langsdale's Horse, from 1687 to 1688 as Hamilton's Horse, then from 1688 to 1691 as John Coy's Horse. In 1691, it was given a number and known as the 6th Horse. In 1697 the regiment was known as Arran's Horse and later became Cadogan's Horse.

As Coy's Horse, the regiment fought at the Battle of the Boyne. In 1804 it became the 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Regiment of Dragoon Guards.

In 1922, the regiment was amalgamated with the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons to form the 5th/6th Dragoons. Its history and traditions continue today in the Royal Dragoon Guards, an armoured cavalry unit of the British Army.
1970 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1970 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1970 NCAA University Division football season.  Led by ninth-year head coach Lloyd Eaton, they were members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) and played their home games on campus at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie.

The Cowboys compiled a record of 1-9 (1-6 against conference opponents), finished eighth in the WAC, and Eaton was reassigned to assistant athletic director. The controversial previous season had concluded with four consecutive losses, all on the road.

A week before the season opener, starting quarterback Ed Synakowski drowned in a boating accident while fishing with his brother on Lake Hattie, just southwest of Laramie.

Wyoming entered this year with 22 consecutive home wins, which started with the opener of the 1965 season, but the Cowboys lost all five games in Laramie in 1970.

1969 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1969 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. Led by eighth-year head coach Lloyd Eaton, they were members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) and played their home games on campus at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie.

The Cowboys were three-time defending conference champions. They compiled a record of 6–4 (4–3 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the WAC, and outscored their opponents 242 to 118. Wyoming won its first six games, but lost the last four in a season tainted by a racial controversy.
Somerset County League
The Somerset County League is a football competition based in England. The Premier Division operates at step 7 (or level 11) of the National League System. It is a feeder to the Western League Division One and has promoted ten clubs to it since 2006 – Hengrove Athletic, Portishead Town, Radstock Town, Oldland Abbotonians, Wells City, Cheddar, Ashton & Backwell United, Nailsea & Tickenham, Middlezoy Rovers and Mendip Broadwalk.

Presently, the league has four divisions. It is fed by the Bath and North Somerset District League, the Mid-Somerset League, the Perry Street and District League, the Taunton & District Saturday League, the Yeovil and District League, and the Weston-super-Mare and District League. It is affiliated to the Somerset County FA which was formed in 1885.

Ashton & Backwell United F.C.
Ashton & Backwell United Football Club is a football club based in Backwell, Somerset, England. Affiliated to the Somerset FA, they are currently members of the Somerset County League Division One and play at the Recreation Ground.
A460 road
The A460 is a main road in the Midlands of England. It runs from Wolverhampton in the West Midlands to Rugeley in Staffordshire. It is also a primary road linking Wolverhampton and Cannock with the M54, M6 and M6 Toll.

M6 Toll
The M6 Toll, referred to on some signs as the Midland Expressway (originally named the Birmingham Northern Relief Road or BNRR), and stylised as M6toll,  connects M6 Junction 3a at the Coleshill Interchange to M6 Junction 11A at Wolverhampton with 27 miles (43 km) of six-lane motorway.

The M6 Toll is the only major toll road in Great Britain, and has two payment plazas, Great Wyrley Toll Plaza for northbound and Weeford Toll Plaza for southbound. The northbound toll plaza is situated between junctions T6 and T7, and the southbound between junctions T4 and T3. The weekday contactless card cost is £11.40 for a car and £19.90 for a Heavy Goods Vehicle.

The M6 Toll is part of the (unsigned in the UK) E-road E05 and is subject to the same regulations and policing as other motorways in the UK. It has one service station along its 27-mile (43 km) stretch, Norton Canes services.
Shane Daly
Shane Daly (born 19 December 1996) is an Irish rugby union player who plays as a wing, fullback or midfield for United Rugby Championship club Munster. He is an Ambassador for the Irish Heart Foundation.

Munster Rugby
Munster Rugby (Irish: Rugbaí Mumhan) is one of the professional provincial rugby teams from the island of Ireland. They compete in the United Rugby Championship and the European Rugby Champions Cup. The team represents the IRFU's Munster Branch, which is responsible for rugby union throughout the Irish province of Munster. The team motto is "To the brave and faithful, nothing is impossible." This is derived from the motto of the MacCarthy clan – "Forti et Fideli nihil difficile". Their main home ground is Thomond Park, Limerick, though some games are played at Musgrave Park, Cork.
Pension-fund activism
Pension-fund activism is the proactive use of the economic clout held by pension funds to materially improve working conditions and the conduct of corporations on behalf of unions and the pension's contributors. Pension funds are responsible for providing retirement income for employees in both the private and public sectors in some countries. The four largest are based in the United States, Australia, Japan, and Norway, respectively. In the United States, pension funds control some 10-15% of the American securities market.

"Pension-fund activism" differs from the tactics taken by so-called "activist shareholders", in that it is ostensibly focused by social good rather than driving increased profits for shareholders. However, pension managers can also engage in activism purely motivated by an attempt to increase their returns. There is some debate as to whether using the clout of pension funds is a legitimate means of improving conditions for workers.

Pension fund
A pension fund, also known as a superannuation fund in some countries, is any program, fund, or scheme which provides retirement income. The U.S. Government's Social Security Trust Fund, which oversees $2.57 trillion in assets, is the world's largest public pension fund. Pension funds typically have large amounts of money to invest and are the major investors in listed and private companies.  They are especially important to the stock market where large institutional investors dominate.  The largest 300 pension funds collectively hold about USD$6 trillion in assets. In 2012, PricewaterhouseCoopers estimated that pension funds worldwide hold over $33.9 trillion in assets (and were expected to grow to more than $56 trillion by 2020), the largest for any category of institutional investor ahead of mutual funds, insurance companies, currency reserves, sovereign wealth funds, hedge funds, or private equity.
Hans van Manen
Hans Arthur Gerard van Manen (Dutch pronunciation: [ɦɑns ˈɑrtyːr ˈɣeːrɑrt fɑ ˈmaːnə(n)]; 11 July 1932 – 17 December 2025) was a Dutch ballet dancer, choreographer and photographer. He created around 150 ballets, many of them for the Nederlands Dans Theater and the Dutch National Ballet. His creations were driven by the music and collaborations with ballet dancers during rehearsals. They are in the repertoires of major international companies.

Nederlands Dans Theater
Nederlands Dans Theater (NDT; literal translation Netherlands Dance Theatre) is a Dutch contemporary dance company. NDT is headquartered at the Amare building in The Hague. NDT also performs at other venues in the Netherlands, including Amsterdam's Het Muziektheater and Nijmegen's Stadsschouwburg. NDT comprises three dance companies: Nederland Dans Theater I, Nederland Dans Theater II, and Nederland Dans Theater III.
Irony punctuation
Irony punctuation is any form of notation proposed or used to denote irony or sarcasm in written text. Written text, in English and other languages, lacks a standard way to mark irony, and several forms of punctuation have been proposed to fill the gap.

The oldest is the percontation point in the form of a reversed question mark (⸮), proposed by English printer Henry Denham in the 1580s for marking rhetorical questions, which can be a form of irony. Specific irony marks have also been proposed,  such as in the form of an open upward arrow (△|), used by Marcellin Jobard in the 19th century, and in a form resembling a reversed question mark (), proposed by French poet Alcanter de Brahm during the 19th century.

Irony punctuation is primarily used to indicate that a sentence should be understood at a second level. A bracketed exclamation point or question mark as well as scare quotes are also occasionally used to express irony or sarcasm.

Rhetorical question
A rhetorical question is a question asked for a purpose other than to obtain information. In many cases it may be intended to start a discourse, as a means of displaying or emphasizing the speaker's or author's opinion on a topic.
A simple example is the question "Can't you do anything right?" This question is not intended to request a response about the listener's competence but rather to insinuate their lack of it. In many instances, rhetorical questions serve as a literary device with the purpose of persuading an audience or making them reflect on a topic.
Past Tense (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)
"Past Tense" is a two-part episode from the third season of science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the 57th and 58th episodes overall and the last episode to air before the premiere of its spinoff, Star Trek: Voyager. It is also the first episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine to not feature any scenes on the DS9 space station, except for the opening credits.

In the episode, a transporter anomaly sends Commander Sisko, Dr. Bashir, and Jadzia Dax back in time to a pivotal moment in Earth's history. The episode received critical acclaim for analyzing American social issues in a science fiction context, but also for addressing various societal issues such as homelessness, poverty, and technology.

Benjamin Sisko
Benjamin Lafayette Sisko is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise portrayed by Avery Brooks. He was the main character of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (DS9), which was originally broadcast between 1993 and 1999. The character has also appeared in various books, comics, and video games within the Star Trek franchise.