hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upstream Color
Upstream Color is a 2013 American experimental science fiction film written, directed, produced by and starring Shane Carruth. The film is the second feature directed by Carruth, following his 2004 debut Primer. It also stars Amy Seimetz, Andrew Sensenig and Thiago Martins.

In the film, the behaviors of two people are unwittingly affected by a complex parasite that has a three-stage life cycle.

Shane Carruth
Shane Carruth (born 1972) is an American filmmaker, known for science-fiction features in which he has filled numerous jobs, including producer, director, screenwriter, composer, and actor. These include his prize-winning debut Primer (2004) and Upstream Color (2013). In reference to Carruth's unusual filmmaking technique, director Steven Soderbergh described him as "the illegitimate offspring of David Lynch and James Cameron."
TCO Certified
The TCO Certified certification was initially created by the Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (TCO) to guarantee that computer products purchased by employers maintain ecological standards and were sufficiently ergonomic to prevent long term health issues for users. It became known during the 1990s as a certification for computer displays. Dating back to 1992, TCO is one of the oldest certifications for end user electronics.

Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees
The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (Swedish: Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation, TCO, literary White-collar workers' Central Organisation) is a national trade union centre, the umbrella organisation for 12 trade unions in Sweden that organise professional and other qualified employees in both the private and the public sectors. The affiliated trade unions represent about 1.2 million employees. In 2018, the TCO affiliated unions made up 37% of all active trade union members in Sweden (up from 17% in 1950), making the confederation the second largest of Sweden's three major confederations.: 128  The largest TCO affiliate is Unionen with 551,000 active members in 2018.: 229  TCO is independent and not affiliated to any political party in Sweden. TCO is an affiliate of the European Trade Union Confederation and Eurocadres.
Phát Diệm Cathedral
The Phát Diệm Cathedral (Vietnamese: Nhà thờ chính tòa Phát Diệm) is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phát Diệm, located in Kim Sơn District of Ninh Bình Province in Vietnam. The architecture of the church – built in stone and wood in 1891 – is an eclectic blend of Vietnamese and European architectural styles. It was mainly built in traditional Vietnamese architecture, similar to historical palaces and temples. It was bombed in 1972 and subsequently restored. Complementing the cathedral, the Phat Diem complex includes five chapels, three grottoes, a memorial house, and a recently constructed pastoral center for the diocese.

Ninh Bình province
Ninh Bình (Vietnamese pronunciation: [nīɲ ɓìɲ]) is a province of Vietnam in the Red River Delta region. The province is known for natural and cultural attractions, including reserved parks in Cúc Phương National Park and Vân Long, grotto caves and rivers in Tràng An, Tam Cốc-Bích Động and Múa Caves, historic monuments in the Hoa Lư ancient capital, Vietnam's largest Buddhist worshipping complex (Bái Đính Temple), and the Phát Diệm Cathedral with "eclectic architectural style".
1996 Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol
The 1996 Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol, or 1996 FIBA South American League, was the first edition of the second-tier tournament for professional basketball clubs from South America. The tournament began on 6 February 1996 and finished on 1 May 1996. Argentine club Olimpia won the tournament, defeating Brazilian club Corinthians in the Grand Finals.

SC Corinthians Paulista (basketball)
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, abbreviated as either S.C. Corinthians Paulista or S.C.C.P., is a Brazilian men's professional basketball club that is based in São Paulo, Brazil. It is a part of the multi-sports club S.C. Corinthians Paulista.
Jovinian
Jovinian (Latin: Iovinianus; died c. 405) was an opponent of Christian asceticism in the 4th century and was condemned as a heretic at synods convened in Rome under Pope Siricius and in Milan by Ambrose in 393 because of his views. Our information about him is derived principally from the work of Jerome in two books, Adversus Jovinianum. Jerome referred to him as the "Epicurus of Christianity". He was a native of Corduene, in present day Turkey. John Henry Newman called Aerius of Sebaste, Jovinian and Vigilantius the forerunners of Protestantism, likening them to the "Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli of the fourth century". Other Protestants also praise Jovinian as an early reformer or even credit him as the "first Protestant". Jovinian's teachings received much popular support in Rome and Milan and his followers Sarmatio and Barbatianus kept preaching his ideas after Jovinian was expelled.

Proto-Protestantism
Proto-Protestantism, also called pre-Protestantism, refers to individuals and movements that propagated various ideas later associated with Protestantism before 1517, which historians usually regard as the starting year for the Reformation era. The relationship between medieval sects and Protestantism is an issue that has been debated by historians.

Successionism is the further idea that these proto-Protestants are evidence of a continuous hidden church of true believers, despite their manifest differences in belief.
Chief Minister of Singapore
The chief minister of Singapore was the head of government of the Colony of Singapore until its abolition on 3 June 1959. It was replaced by the office of Prime Minister. The chief minister was appointed by the governor of Singapore. The chief minister was the party leader of the majority in the Legislative Assembly.

Prime Minister of Singapore
The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, an MP for Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency from the governing People's Action Party, who took office on 15 May 2024.

Singapore is modelled after the Westminster system. The prime minister only governs with the confidence of the majority in Parliament; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.
Jeong Jun-ha
Jeong Jun-ha (Korean: 정준하; born March 18, 1971) is a South Korean comedian and entertainer. His well-known motto is "(Whether they) give love or not, (he) always gives love: Jeong Jun-ha" (정주나 안정주나 늘정주는 정준하).

Park Myung-soo
Park Myung-soo (Korean: 박명수; born September 27, 1970) is a South Korean comedian, MC, singer, and songwriter who debuted on television in 1993, appearing on MBC. He co-hosted the top-rated comic variety programme Infinite Challenge and also hosted the Date at 2 o'clock radio show.  He has released several music singles, including "Prince of the Sea", which was covered by LPG in 2007.
Grey Egerton baronets
The Egerton, later Grey Egerton, later still Egerton baronetcy, of Egerton and Oulton in the county of Chester, is a title in the Baronetage of England held by the senior patrilineal branch of the Egerton family.

One of the earliest English baronetcies created, Sir Roland Egerton left many male descendants in remainder to his title.

Egerton family
The Egerton family (pronunciation: "edge-er-ton") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Egerton family were made Dukes, Earls, knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Egerton family include the dukedoms of Bridgewater (1720–1803) and Sutherland (since 1963), as well as the earldoms of Bridgewater (1617–1829), Wilton (1801–1999) and Egerton (1897–1909). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence. The Egerton family motto is Virtuti non armis fido ("I put my faith in valour not arms").
2 Unlimited
2 Unlimited are a Belgian-Dutch dance music act, founded by Belgian producers/songwriters Jean-Paul De Coster and Phil Wilde in 1991 in Antwerp, Belgium. From 1991 to 1996, Dutch rapper Ray Slijngaard and Dutch vocalist Anita Doth fronted the act. During these five years, 2 Unlimited enjoyed worldwide mainstream success. They scored a total of sixteen international chart hits, including "Get Ready for This", "Twilight Zone", "No Limit", and "Tribal Dance". The act has sold eighteen million records worldwide. Although they enjoyed less mainstream recognition in the United States than in Europe, several of their tracks became popular themes in American sporting series, mainly in the NBA and NHL.

Tribal Dance
"Tribal Dance" is a song by Belgian/Dutch Eurodance band 2 Unlimited. It was released in April 1993 as the second single from the band's second album, No Limits! (1993). The UK release omits the main rap but leaves in more vocals from band member Ray Slijngaard than any of their previous releases. The single experienced chart success in several countries, topping the charts in Finland, Israel, Portugal and Spain. In North America, the song reached number one on the Canadian RPM Dance chart, while peaking at number seven on the US Billboard Dance Club Play chart. The single's music video was directed by Nick Burgess-Jones and filmed in London, depicting the band performing in a jungle setting with tribal dancers.

In 1994, the song received an award in the category for Best Techno 12-inch at the WMC International Dance Music Awards in the US. In 2004, a new version of the song, titled "Tribal Dance 2.4" was released. It charted in both Austria and Germany, peaking at numbers 58 and 78.
Instinct: Decay
Instinct: Decay is the third full-length album by Nachtmystium. It was rated the 4th best album of the year by Decibel Magazine. The album was released on CD by Battle Kommand Records and on Vinyl by Profound Lore Records and Autopsy Kitchen Records.

According to Blake Judd, the album is a metaphor for his views on society's decline. In an interview with DEAF SPARROW Zine, Judd stated the album's themes revolve around his idea humans have a natural inclination to harm themselves through "personal greed, lust, and power". Judd considers these vices to be the cause of society's ills, including war, indifference, and one's own self-destruction.

The album's cover art was designed by Rebecca Clegg.

Blake Judd
Blake Judd (born November 13, 1982) is an American musician and co-founder of now-defunct Battle Kommand Records. Formerly the lead vocalist and frontman of the metal band Nachtmystium, Judd also contributed to musical acts and projects such as Twilight, Krieg, and Hate Meditation. He previously performed under the stage name "Azentrius".

Judd's music career was abruptly derailed in 2013 after he was arrested and charged with misdemeanor theft. The incident also exposed his heroin addiction to the public. Judd's reputation was further damaged when fans, bandmates, and business partners openly accused him of conducting fraudulent business practices. He later admitted to deceiving fans and left the music industry in 2014. He later reunited Nachtmystium in 2017 to perform two live shows and record a new studio album before dissolving the band again in 2020. Judd left the music industry to pursue other careers, but returned in 2024 to finish a Nachtmystium album.
Dianna Cowern
Dianna Cowern (born May 4, 1989) is an American science communicator and physicist, who has run the YouTube channel Physics Girl since its inception in 2011. Her videos explain physical phenomena in everyday life, using an informal, fast-paced style. The series was produced in partnership with the PBS Digital Studios from 2015 until 2020.

Cowern started Physics Girl in 2011 after graduating with a bachelor's degree in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After winning a 2014 video competition from the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science, the series started being produced by PBS Digital Studios, whereupon she began working on content creation full-time. Cowern won Best Web Personality at the 2018 Webby Awards and was included in the 2019 Forbes 30 under 30. She developed long COVID in July 2022, becoming housebound and unable to produce videos.

PBS Digital Studios
PBS Digital Studios is a non-profit organization through which PBS distributes original educational web video content. Based in Arlington, Virginia, it comprises both original series and partnerships with existing YouTube channels. Most of the series are about science, popular culture, art, food, news, and music.
Chicken Noodle Soup (J-Hope song)
"Chicken Noodle Soup" is a song by South Korean rapper J-Hope of BTS featuring American singer Becky G. It was released through Big Hit Entertainment on September 27, 2019. The song samples DJ Webstar and rapper Young B's  song of the same name, featuring the Voice of Harlem from Webstar's 2006 album Webstar Presents: Caught in the Web.

Chicken Noodle Soup (Webstar and Young B song)
"Chicken Noodle Soup" is a song by American disc jockey DJ Webstar and rapper Young B. The song was released on September 12, 2006, as the lead single promoting Webstar's 2006 debut album Caught in the Web. The song was produced by Da Drizzle, born Jamal Christopher Reynolds, who was Dupree's uncle, and also featured rapper AG aka The Voice of Harlem. The viral dance accompanying the song was allegedly choreographed by Allie Bernard.

In September 2019, South Korean rapper J-Hope of boy band BTS released a sampled version of the song featuring American singer Becky G.
Frederick Lois Riefkohl
Rear Admiral Frederick Lois Riefkohl (February 27, 1889 – September 1969), a native of Maunabo, Puerto Rico, was an officer in the United States Navy  and the first Puerto Rican to graduate from the United States Naval Academy and to be awarded the Navy Cross. The Navy Cross is the second highest medal, after the Medal of Honor, that can be awarded by the U.S. Navy for heroism or distinguished service. He was a World War I Navy Cross recipient who served as Captain of the USS Vincennes during World War II.

Maunabo, Puerto Rico
Maunabo (Spanish pronunciation: [mawˈnaβo]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the Maunabo Valley on the southeastern coast, northeast of Patillas and south of Yabucoa. Maunabo is spread over eight barrios and Maunabo Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population in 2020 was 10,589.
Resampling (statistics)
In statistics, resampling is the creation of new samples based on one observed sample.
Resampling methods are:

Permutation tests (also re-randomization tests) for generating counterfactual samples

Bootstrapping

Cross validation

Jackknife

Jackknife resampling
In statistics, the jackknife (jackknife cross-validation) is a cross-validation technique and, therefore, a form of resampling.
It is especially useful for bias and variance estimation. The jackknife pre-dates other common resampling methods such as the bootstrap. Given a sample of size , a jackknife estimator can be built by aggregating the parameter estimates from each subsample of size  obtained by omitting one observation. 
The jackknife is a linear approximation of the bootstrap.

The jackknife technique was developed by Maurice Quenouille (1924–1973) from 1949 and refined in 1956. John Tukey expanded on the technique in 1958 and proposed the name "jackknife" because, like a physical jack-knife (a compact folding knife), it is a rough-and-ready tool that can improvise a solution for a variety of problems even though specific problems may be more efficiently solved with a purpose-designed tool.
2021 Gippsland Trophy
The 2021 Gippsland Trophy was a tournament on the 2021 WTA Tour. It was played on outdoor hard courts in Melbourne, Australia. It was organised as a lead-up tournament to the 2021 Australian Open, and was held at the same venue, due to other tournaments in Australia being cancelled as a result from the COVID-19 pandemic. This tournament took place simultaneously with the 2021 Yarra Valley Classic and the 2021 Grampians Trophy. Players who had originally intended to participate in this tournament or the Yarra Valley Classic, but were forced to undergo strict quarantine measures upon arrival in Australia, were able to participate in the 2021 Grampians Trophy. The entry list of 2021 Australian Open was used to determine the entry list of this tournament; with half the players (selected randomly) playing the Gippsland Trophy, and the other half playing the 2021 Yarra Valley Classic.

2021 Grampians Trophy
The 2021 Grampians Trophy was a tournament on the 2021 WTA Tour. It was played on outdoor hardcourts in Melbourne, Australia. It was organised as a lead-up tournament to the 2021 Australian Open, and was held at the same venue, due to other tournaments in Australia being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This tournament was created for players who had originally intended to participate in the 2021 Yarra Valley Classic or the 2021 Gippsland Trophy, but were forced to undergo strict quarantine measures upon arrival in Australia due to confirmed COVID-19 cases found on several of the chartered player flights to Australia. There was no doubles event.

Due to a delayed schedule because of a COVID-19 case at a tournament quarantine hotel and the semifinals taking place just one day before the start of the Australian Open, the final was not played.
Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus
"Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus" is a 1744 Advent and Christmas carol common in Protestant hymnals. The text was written by Charles Wesley. It is performed to one of several tunes, including "Stuttgart" (attr. to Christian Friedrich Witt), "Hyfrydol" (by Rowland Prichard), and "Cross of Jesus" (by John Stainer). The hymn is considered an enduring classic in Christian hymnody.

Hyfrydol
Hyfrydol (Welsh pronunciation: [həvˈrədɔl], meaning "delightful, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, beautiful, fair, fine; sweet, melodious") is a Welsh hymn tune that has been used as the tune for many different Christian hymns. Composed in 1844 by Rowland Prichard, it was originally published in the composer's handbook to the Welsh children's songbook Cyfaill y Cantorion ("The Singers' Friend"). Prichard composed the tune before he was twenty years old.
2006 end-of-year rugby union internationals
The 2006 end of year tests, also known as the 2006 Autumn Internationals, refers to several international rugby union matches that took place during November 2006 principally between touring teams from the southern hemisphere – Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands and South Africa – and one or more teams from the Six Nations Championship: England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. Canada and Romania also played Six Nations teams during this period.

Ireland's games were the last Tests to be played at Lansdowne Road before it was closed for redevelopment.

Pacific Islanders rugby union team
The Pacific Islanders was a combined international rugby union team that played from 2004 to 2008. It represented Fiji, Samoa and Tonga; Niue and the Cook Islands also supplied players to the squad for their tour in 2004. The team did not play at Rugby World Cups, where each of the nations continued to represent themselves.
Radio Nord
Radio Nord was a Swedish offshore commercial station that operated briefly from 8 March 1961 to 30 June 1962 from a ship anchored in international waters of the Baltic Sea off Stockholm, Sweden. While the station was dubbed as a pirate radio station, its actual operation took place within the laws of the day and its offices were located in the heart of Stockholm. Its ownership was vested in a company which had been specifically formed by Texas broadcasting and political interests that included Gordon McLendon and Clint Murchison Jr.

Clint Murchison Jr.
Clinton Williams Murchison Jr. (September 12, 1923 – March 30, 1987) was an American businessman and founder of the Dallas Cowboys football team. A son of Clint Murchison Sr., who made his first fortune in oil exploration and became notorious for exploiting the sale of "hot oil", Clint and his surviving brother inherited their father's wealth and business interests to which Clint Jr. added ventures of his own. These included the establishment of the NFL's Dallas Cowboys franchise, real estate development, construction, home building, restaurants and financing the offshore pirate radio station called Radio Nord.
Børsa Municipality
Børsa is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The 62.1-square-kilometre (24.0 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965. The municipality originally encompassed the coastal areas along the Orkdalsfjorden and the Gaulosen in what is now Skaun Municipality and Orkland Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Børsa where Børsa Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1965, the 62.1-square-kilometre (24.0 sq mi) municipality was the 460th largest by area out of the 525 municipalities in Norway. Børsa Municipality was the 455th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,469. The municipality's population density was 23.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (61/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 6.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Børsa
Børsa is the administrative centre of Skaun Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village lies along the shore of the Gaulosen, an arm off the vast Trondheimsfjorden. It is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of the village of Buvika, along the European route E39 highway. The villages of Skaun and Eggkleiva lie just a short distance to the south and the town of Orkanger lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the west.

The 1.12-square-kilometre (280-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,824 and a population density of 1,629 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,220/sq mi). Børsa Church is located in the village as is a school, several shops and restaurants, banks and businesses, and the municipal government offices.
Afgooye
Afgooye (Somali: Afgooye, Arabic: أفجويى, Italian: Afgoi) is a town in the southeastern Somalia Lower Shebelle (Shabellaha Hoose) region of Somalia. It is the center of the Afgooye District. Afgooye is the third largest city of Southwest State. Afgooye is one of the oldest towns on the lower Shebelle valley, 30 kilometers north of Mogadishu. Afgooye is the site of Lafoole college, the first college of education in Somalia, built on the site of the battle of Lafoole of 1896. Afgooye is also known for the Istunka, the annual "stick fight" carnival commemorating the New Year in the riverine region. It was a trade center for the Silcis Dynasty in the medieval period then fell under Ajuran rule. Around the late 17th century, Afgooye became the capital of Geledi Sultanate.

Istunka
Istunka, also known as isgaraac, is a festival held annually in Afgooye, Somalia on the Somali New Year. The tournament was developed during the medieval Ajuran period, and was centralized in the 19th century under the Sultanate of the Geledi. Consisting of several teams engaging each other in mock combat, it is celebrated alongside other ceremonies such as Dabshiid.