hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous tissue
The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin  subcutaneous 'beneath the skin'), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek 'beneath the skin'), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The subcutaneous tissue is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the mesoderm's dermatome region. It consists primarily of loose connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis. It is a major site of fat storage in the body.

In arthropods, a hypodermis can refer to an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants.

Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis.  The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells.
Buck's Club
Buck's Club is a gentlemen's club in London, located at 18 Clifford Street, established in June 1919. P. G. Wodehouse mentions it in some stories and modelled his Drones Club mostly after Buck's. It is probably best known for the Buck's Fizz cocktail, created there in 1921 by its bartender McGarry.

In 1979, Anthony Lejeune wrote in his book The Gentlemen's Clubs of London  that "Buck's Club is the only London Club to have been founded since the First World War which ranks, in social prestige and elegance, with the best of St James's Street clubs: and like them, it is named after its founder." In 2019, the club received media attention for its dinners, in which young women are invited to entertain the elderly male members.

Drones Club
The Drones Club is a recurring fictional location in the stories of British humorist P. G. Wodehouse.  It is a gentlemen's club in London. Many of Wodehouse's Jeeves and Blandings Castle stories feature the club or its members.

Various members of the club appear in stories included in the "Drones Club series", which contains stories not already included in other series. Most of the Drones Club stories star either Freddie Widgeon or Bingo Little.  The club is initially introduced as a minor element in Wodehouse's 1920 novel Jill the Reckless; it subsequently appears with more prominence across many Wodehouse stories and novels.  The Drones Club makes its final appearance as a setting in 1972's Pearls, Girls and Monty Bodkin.

The name "Drones" has been used by several real-life clubs and restaurants.
William I, Duke of Bavaria
William I, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (Frankfurt am Main, 12 May 1330 – 15 April 1389, Le Quesnoy), was the second son of Emperor Louis IV and Margaret II of Hainaut. He was also known as William V, Count of Holland, as William III, Count of Hainaut and as William IV Count of Zeeland.

Count of Hainaut
The Count of Hainaut (French: Comte de Hainaut; Dutch: Graaf van Henegouwen; German: Graf von Hennegau) was the ruler of the county of Hainaut, a historical region in the Low Countries (including the modern countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany). In English-language historical sources, the title is often given the older spelling Hainault.
Southern Sons
Southern Sons is an Australian rock band, formed in Melbourne, Victoria in 1989 by members of The State along with lead vocalist and guitarist Irwin Thomas, who was then using the stage name Jack Jones. They are best known for their Australian top ten hits "Heart in Danger", "Hold Me in Your Arms", and "You Were There".

The State (band)
The State were an Australian band, which formed as The Cutters. Their second single, "Real Love" (October 1988), was nominated for the 1989 ARIA Award for Best New Talent. They released their debut album, Elementary, in February 1989. After that, all four members formed Southern Sons with Jack Jones late that year.
Richard Verschoor
Richard Verschoor (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈriɕɑrt vərˈsxoːr]; born 16 December 2000) is a Dutch racing driver who is set to compete in the 2026 European Le Mans Series with Duqueine.

Born in Benschop, Utrecht, Verschoor began karting in 2011, graduating to single-seaters in 2016 where he won the SMP F4 and Spanish F4 that year. He spent two years in Formula Renault Eurocup that yielded little success, before moving up to FIA Formula 3 for 2019 and 2020, competing for MP Motorsport. Verschoor graduated to Formula 2 in 2021 with MP Motorsport and spent five seasons in the category, his best being third during his final season in 2025.

Verschoor became the first Dutch driver to win the Macau Grand Prix, winning at his first attempt in 2019. He is also a McLaren Driver Development Programme member. As of 2025, Verschoor currently holds the most starts in the FIA Formula 2 Championship (125).

2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship
The 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship was the eleventh season of the third-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also second season under the moniker of FIA Formula 3 Championship, a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seat open-wheel formula racing cars. The championship featured drivers competing in 3.4-litre Formula 3 racing cars which conformed to the technical regulations, or formula, of the championship. It ran in support of the Formula 1 World Championship and its sister series, Formula 2, serving as the third tier of formula racing in the FIA Global Pathway.

Oscar Piastri won the title at the Mugello round, which is the final round of the season. Prema Racing became the Teams' Champion for the second season in the row having won the title at the Monza round.
Called by Name
Called by Name (Polish: Zawołani po imieniu) is a project commemorating Poles who were murdered for aiding Jews during World War II established in 2019 and organized by the Pilecki Institute. By the early 2020s, over 50 individuals have been recognized by the project.

German retribution against Poles who helped Jews
During the Holocaust in Poland, 1939–1945, German occupation authorities engaged in repressive measures against non-Jewish Polish citizens who helped Jews persecuted by Nazi Germany.

The orders of the German occupation authorities, in particular the ordinance of General Governor Hans Frank of 15 October 1941, provided for the death penalty for any Pole who gave shelter to a Jew or helped him in any other way. In practice, the range of penalties applied to persons who helped Jews was wide, including fines, confiscation of property, beatings, imprisonment, deportation to Nazi concentration camps, and the death penalty. Pursuant to the principle of collective responsibility applied by the Germans, families of those who helped Jews, and sometimes entire local communities, were subject to retribution.

The exact number of Poles executed by the Germans for helping Jews has not yet been exactly determined. Estimates range from several hundred to several thousand persons.
Silver Threads Among the Gold
"Silver Threads Among the Gold", first copyrighted in 1873, is a song that was popular in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today it is a standard of barbershop quartet singing. The lyrics are by Eben E. Rexford, and the music by Hart Pease Danks.

Hart Pease Danks
Hart Pease Danks (6 April 1834 – 20 November 1903) was an American musician who specialized in composing, singing and leading choral groups. He is best known for his 1873 composition, Silver Threads Among the Gold.
Poles in Romania
According to the 2021 Romanian census, 2,137 Poles live in Romania, mainly in the villages of Suceava County (Polish: Suczawa). There are three exclusively Polish villages, as follows: Nowy Sołoniec (Solonețu Nou), Plesza (Pleșa), and Pojana Mikuli (Poiana Micului), as well a significant Polish presence in Kaczyca (Cacica) and Paltynosa (Păltinoasa). There is also a relatively sizable number of ethnic Poles living in the county seat, Suceava (Polish: Suczawa).

Poles in Romania form an officially recognised national minority, having one seat in the Chamber of Deputies (currently held by the Union of Poles of Romania) and access to Polish elementary schools and cultural centres (known as "Polish Houses" or "Dom Polski" in Polish).

Cacica
Cacica (Polish: Kaczyka, German: Kaczika) is a commune in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. The commune is located in the central part of the county, 17 km (11 mi) from the town of Gura Humorului, 34 km (21 mi) from the city of Rădăuți, and 28 km (17 mi) from the county seat, Suceava. At the 2011 census, 74.8% of inhabitants were Romanians, 20.2% Poles, and 4.4% Ukrainians. Its Polish inhabitants are descended from settlers who arrived there at the turn of the 19th century during the Habsburg period.
Guilhermina Suggia
Guilhermina Augusta Xavier de Medim Suggia Carteado Mena, known as Guilhermina Suggia (27 June 1885 – 30 July 1950) was a Portuguese cellist. She studied in Paris with Pablo Casals, and built up an international reputation. She spent many years living in the United Kingdom, where she was particularly celebrated. She retired in 1939, but emerged from retirement to give concerts in Britain. Her last was in 1949, the year before her death.

Suggia bequeathed her instrument to be sold to fund the Suggia Gift, an important British scholarship for young cellists.

Pablo Casals
Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: [ˈpaw kəˈzalz i ðəfiˈʎo]; 29 December 1876 – 22 October 1973), also known in English as Pablo Casals, was a Catalan and Puerto Rican cellist, composer, and conductor, born in Spain. He made many recordings throughout his career of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, including some as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings he made of the Cello Suites by Bach. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy (though the ceremony was presided over by Lyndon B. Johnson).
Easterhouse
Easterhouse is a suburb of Glasgow, Scotland, six miles (ten kilometres) east of the city centre on land gained from the county of Lanarkshire as part of an expansion of Glasgow before the Second World War. The area is on high ground north of the River Clyde and south of the River Kelvin and Campsie Fells.

Building began in the mid-1950s to provide better housing for people in the East End living in sub-standard conditions. At the 2001 Census, its population was 26,495.

Neighbourhoods of Easterhouse include Provanhall, Kildermorie, Lochend, Rogerfield and Commonhead, as well as Wellhouse, Easthall and Queenslie which are separated from the other parts by the M8 motorway running east–west through the area. The nearby communities of Barlanark, Craigend, Cranhill, Garthamlock and Ruchazie were constructed using the same building principles and have suffered from similar problems.

Provanhall
Provanhall is a neighbourhood of Easterhouse in east Glasgow, Scotland. It is named after the estate and medieval house, Provan Hall.

The area is to the immediate east of Provan Hall and Glasgow Fort shopping centre and to the north of Shandwick Square Shopping Centre. The area is bounded by Gartloch fields, part of Glasgow's greenbelt with North Lanarkshire. Part of the estate was built on the remains of Provan Loch, part of the kettle ponds in the area that feed the Molendinar burn that flows into the River Clyde in Glasgow.
Nederlands Israëlitische Gemeente Den Haag
The Dutch Israelite Religious Community of The Hague (Dutch: Nederlands Israëlitische Gemeente Den Haag; NIG Den Haag) is the Ashkenazi Orthodox Jewish community in The Hague and is a member of the Nederlands-Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap (English: Dutch Israelite Religious Community) (NIK).

The congregation holds regular Shabbat activities as well as Jewish festivals year-round. There are educational activities for all age groups and cultural meetings at the CHAJ centre. The leader of the congregation is rabbi Shmuel Katzman.

CHAJ
The Centre for Yiddishkeit in The Hague (Dutch: Centrum voor Haagse Jiddisjkeit; CHAJ) is a non-profit organization promoting Jewish culture, identity, education and heritage in the Netherlands and The Hague. CHAJ has Israel-related programming. CHAJ also functions as a Jewish community centre for the Jewish community of The Hague.
Leeds Rhinos–Wigan Warriors rivalry
The Leeds Rhinos–Wigan Warriors rivalry, recently branded as the War of the Roses derby, is a rugby league rivalry born from the roses rivalry and strong competitive history between the clubs with them both being considered two of the best in England.

Roses rivalry
The term "Roses rivalry" refers to the rivalry between the English counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire. The rivalry originated in the aftermath of the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) which was fought between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The roses rivalry is still present to this day.
Dreams Come True (band)
Dreams Come True (Japanese: ドリームズ・カム・トゥルー, Hepburn: Dorīmuzu Kamu Turū) is a Japanese pop band formed in 1988 by Miwa Yoshida (lead vocals), Masato Nakamura (bass) and Takahiro Nishikawa (keyboards). Nishikawa left in 2002 to pursue a solo career.

Dreams Come True has sold more than 50 million records worldwide. Their fifth album, The Swinging Star (1992), was the first Japanese album to sell more than three million copies, and for several years was the highest-selling Japanese-language album of all time. Nakamura composed the music for the Sega Mega Drive games Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) and Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992).  In 1998, Dreams Come True released the English-language album Sing or Die, which was a commercial failure in the west.

Masato Nakamura
Masato Nakamura (中村 正人, Nakamura Masato; born October 1, 1958) is a Japanese musician, bass guitarist, and record producer. He is a member of the J-pop band Dreams Come True, which was formed in 1988 and went on to sell over 50 million CDs. He also composed the soundtracks for the video games Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) and Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992).
Camille Claudel (film)
Camille Claudel is a 1988 French biographical drama film about the life of 19th-century sculptor Camille Claudel. The film's screenplay was based on the book by Reine-Marie Paris, granddaughter of Camille's younger brother Paul Claudel, a poet and diplomat.

It was directed by Bruno Nuytten, co-produced by Isabelle Adjani, and starred her and Gérard Depardieu. The film had a total of 2,717,136 admissions in France. Adjani was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role, the second in her career.

Paul Claudel
Paul Claudel (French: [pɔl klodɛl]; 6 August 1868 – 23 February 1955) was a French poet, dramatist and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel. He was most famous for his verse dramas, which often convey his devout Catholicism.
Grace Kamaʻikuʻi
Grace Kamaʻikuʻi Young Rooke (September 8, 1808 – July 26, 1866) was a Hawaiian high chiefess who was daughter of John Young, the chief military advisor during the formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and adoptive mother and aunt of a future queen consort.

Thomas Charles Byde Rooke
Thomas Charles Byde Rooke (18 May 1806 – 28 November 1858) was an English physician who married into the royal family of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He built a mansion called the Rooke House in Honolulu that became popular with political and social leaders of the Kingdom.
Mâcon-Loché TGV station
Mâcon-Loché TGV station (French: Gare de Mâcon-Loché TGV) is a railway station on the TGV Sud-Est located in the commune of Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire, France. Its address is 142, Rue de Pouilly-Loché, 71000 Mâcon, the station is a few kilometres from the neighbouring town of Loché. The next station southbound is Lyon Part-Dieu and the next northbound station is Le Creusot TGV.

Mâcon
Mâcon (French pronunciation: [mɑ.kɔ̃] ⓘ), historically anglicised as Mascon, is a city in east-central France. It is the prefecture of the department of Saône-et-Loire in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Mâcon is home to near 34,000 residents, who are referred to in French as Mâconnais. The city gave its name to the nearby vineyards and wine AOC.
SBB Ae 4/7
The Ae 4/7 was a universal locomotive of the Swiss Federal Railways, employing the so-called Buchli drive.

Because of this drive construction, invented by Jakob Buchli, it was one of the longest-lasting Swiss locomotives. It was in regular use for 70 years, from the 1920s into the 1990s, hauling freight and passenger trains all over Switzerland.

Buchli drive
The Buchli drive is a transmission system used in electric locomotives. It was named after its inventor, Swiss engineer Jakob Buchli. The drive is a fully spring-loaded drive, in which each floating axle has an individual motor, that is placed in the spring mounted locomotive frame.  The weight of the driving motors is completely disconnected from the driving wheels, which are exposed to movement of the rails.

First used in electric locomotives from the 1920s, the Buchli drive made possible the construction of faster and more powerful locomotives that required larger and heavier traction motors. The system minimises the impact on rail tracks due to the reduction in the overall unsprung weight. Although the drive was very successful though the 1930s, it is little used in modern locomotives, having been replaced with smaller, simpler drives that exhibit less imbalance and allow higher speeds.
Bugun liocichla
The Bugun liocichla (Liocichla bugunorum) is a passerine bird species from the family Leiothrichidae closely related to the Emei Shan liocichla. First spotted in 1995 in Arunachal Pradesh, India, it was described as a new species in 2006. The description was made without the collection of a type specimen as they were too few to risk killing one. It is thought to be an endangered species, with a small population, and a very restricted distribution range within which commercial development threatens the habitat.

Emei Shan liocichla
The Emei Shan liocichla (Liocichla omeiensis), also known as the Omei Shan or grey-faced liocichla, is a passerine bird in the family Leiothrichidae.  It is closely related to the Bugun liocichla, a species only described in 2006, and which it closely resembles.
Sirius Black
Sirius Black is a fictional character in the Harry Potter series of novels by J. K. Rowling. Sirius was first mentioned briefly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone as a wizard who lent Rubeus Hagrid a flying motorbike shortly after Lord Voldemort killed James and Lily Potter. His character becomes prominent in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, in which he is the titular prisoner, and is also revealed to be the godfather of the central character Harry Potter. He is portrayed in the film adaptations by Gary Oldman.

Remus Lupin
Remus John Lupin is a fictional character in the Harry Potter book series written by J. K. Rowling. He first appears in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban as the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor. Lupin remains in the story following his resignation from this post, serving as a friend and ally of the central character, Harry Potter. In the films, he is portrayed by David Thewlis as an adult, and James Utechin as a teenager.
Charles Mackellar
Sir Charles Kinnaird Mackellar KCMG (5 December 1844 – 14 July 1926) was an Australian politician and surgeon. He served in the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1885 to 1925, with the exception of a period of 50 days in 1903 when he filled a casual vacancy in the Senate. He was the father of poet and writer Dorothea Mackellar.

Dorothea Mackellar
Isobel Marion Dorothea Mackellar OBE (1 July 1885 – 14 January 1968) was an Australian poet and fiction writer. Her poem "My Country" is widely known in Australia, especially its second stanza, which begins: "I love a sunburnt country / A land of sweeping plains, / Of ragged mountain ranges, / Of droughts and flooding rains."
Todd Harkins
Todd Michael Harkins (born October 8, 1968) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played 48 National Hockey League games for the Calgary Flames and Hartford Whalers.  Harkins was drafted by the Flames in the 2nd round, 42nd overall in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. He has appeared in and consulted on hockey-related movies, and is now an amateur coach and professional scout.

Brett Harkins
Brett Alan Harkins (born July 2, 1970) is an American former professional ice hockey left wing, who played for 18 years.  He played in the National Hockey League in four stints with the Boston Bruins, Florida Panthers, and Columbus Blue Jackets between 1994 and 2002. As of January 2020, Harkins had served as a college-level scout for the Boston Bruins for over four seasons.

Harkins is also the younger brother of Todd Harkins, who played for the Hartford Whalers and Calgary Flames.
190th Air Refueling Wing
The 190th Air Refueling Wing (190 ARW) is a unit of the Kansas Air National Guard, stationed at Forbes Field Air National Guard Base, Topeka, Kansas. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.

Topeka Regional Airport
Topeka Regional Airport (IATA: FOE, ICAO: KFOE, FAA LID: FOE), formerly known as Forbes Field, is a joint civil-military public airport owned by the Metropolitan Topeka Airport Authority in Shawnee County, Kansas, seven miles south of downtown Topeka, the capital city of Kansas. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 called it a general aviation airport.

Topeka Regional Airport is used by the University of Kansas (KU) for charter flights for its athletic teams and by schools visiting the KU campus in Lawrence, which is 34 miles (55 km) east of the airport via the Kansas Turnpike. (Kansas City International Airport is 51 miles (82 km) from KU.) The airport had scheduled airline service by multiple carriers until 2014.

Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 11,573 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2019.
Khufu ship
The Khufu ship is an intact full-size solar barque from ancient Egypt. It was sealed into a pit alongside the Great Pyramid of pharaoh Khufu around 2500 BC, during the Fourth Dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom. Like other buried Ancient Egyptian ships, it was part of the extensive grave goods intended for use in the afterlife. The Khufu ship is one of the oldest, largest, best preserved vessels from antiquity. It is 43.4 metres (142 ft) long, 5.9 metres (19 ft) wide, and 1.78 meters (5.83 ft) deep, and is the world's oldest intact ship. It has been described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into a lake or a river.

The ship was preserved in the Giza Solar boat museum, but was moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum in August 2021.

Giza Solar boat museum
The Giza Solar boat museum was dedicated to display the reconstructed Khufu ship, a solar barque of pharaoh Khufu. It was constructed between 1961 and 1982, just a few meters from where the Khufu ship was found, on the southern side of the Great Pyramid, on the Giza Plateau in Egypt

It was equipped with modern techniques and technologies to preserve the solar boat. The construction enabled viewing the boat from three different levels. On the ground floor, one could view the bottom of the boat.

The museum was dismantled after the ship was relocated to the Grand Egyptian Museum in August 2021.