hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Princess Angela of Liechtenstein
Princess Angela of Liechtenstein, Countess of Rietberg (Spanish: Ángela, born Angela Gisela Brown; February 3, 1958) is an American fashion designer and member of the Liechtenstein princely family. Born in Panama and raised in the United States, Angela became the first woman of primarily African descent to marry into a reigning European dynasty. She married Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein in January 2000 and the couple has a son, Prince Alfons, who is sixth in the line of succession to the Liechtensteiner throne.

Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein
Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein, Count of Rietberg (Maximilian Nikolaus Maria; born 16 May 1969), known professionally as Max von Liechtenstein, is a Liechtensteiner prince and businessman. He is the second son of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife, Countess Marie Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.
Injective tensor product
In functional analysis, an area of mathematics, the injective tensor product is a particular topological tensor product, a topological vector space (TVS) formed by equipping the tensor product of the underlying vector spaces of two TVSs with a compatible topology. It was introduced by Alexander Grothendieck and used by him to define nuclear spaces. Injective tensor products have applications outside of nuclear spaces: as described below, many constructions of TVSs, and in particular Banach spaces, as spaces of functions or sequences amount to injective tensor products of simpler spaces.

Projective tensor product
In functional analysis, an area of mathematics, the projective tensor product of two locally convex topological vector spaces is a natural topological vector space structure on their tensor product. Namely, given locally convex topological vector spaces  and , the projective topology, or π-topology, on  is the strongest topology which makes  a locally convex topological vector space such that the canonical map  (from  to ) is continuous. When equipped with this topology,  is denoted  and called the projective tensor product of  and . It is a particular instance of a topological tensor product.
Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes (European Parliament constituency)
Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes was a constituency of the European Parliament located in the United Kingdom, electing one Member of the European Parliament by the first-past-the-post electoral system. Created in 1994 from parts of Cambridge and Bedfordshire North and Suffolk, it was abolished in 1999 on the adoption of proportional representation for European elections in Great Britain. It was mostly succeeded by the East of England region, with the remaining part succeeded by the South East England region.

South East England (European Parliament constituency)
South East England was a constituency of the European Parliament. It elected 10 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation until the UK exit from the European Union on 31 January 2020.
Bahman Farmanara
Bahman Farmanara (Persian: بهمن فرمان‌آرا, romanized: Bahman Farmānārā; born 23 January 1942) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is best known for his films Smell of Camphor, Scent of Jasmine (2000), A House Built on Water (2001), and A Little Kiss (2005). Bahman Farmanara is the second son of a family of four brothers and one sister. The family business was Textile and he was the only son who did not join the company and went off to the United Kingdom and later on to the United States to study acting and directing. He graduated from the University of Southern California with a BA in Cinema in 1966. After returning to Iran and doing military service, he joined the National Iranian Radio and Television.

Smell of Camphor, Scent of Jasmine
Smell of Camphor, Fragrance of Jasmine, or Booye Kafoor, Atre Yas (Persian: بوی کافور، عطر ياس), is an Iranian film written by, directed by and starring Bahman Farmanara, released in 2000. The film is a comedy with fantasy sequences about a filmmaker similar to himself. It was Farmanara's first contribution to Iranian cinema in two decades.
William Anderson (Scottish writer)
William Anderson (1805–1866) was a Scottish miscellaneous writer in  the  departments  of  history, biography,  and  science. He was born at Edinburgh and educated there, and placed in a lawyer's office.  As an author he published Poetical  Aspirations; Landscape Lyrics; Popular  Scottish  Biography; Treasury of Nature, Science, and Art and an  extensive work widely known as The  Scottish Nation. He also assisted for some time in managing Aberdeen Journal, 
Witness, and Daily Mail newspapers. He died, aged 61.

Witness (religious newspaper)
Witness was an evangelical newspaper established in 1840 by Scottish geologist and writer Hugh Miller. Robert Candlish was instrumental in establishing Miller as the editor. He continued to edit the paper at an office on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh until his suicide in December 1856. He was the principal contributor to the publication, averaging over 10,000 words a week. William Anderson was sub-editor as was James Aitken Wylie.
Ebony Obsidian
Ebony Obsidian is an American actress. She had a supporting role in the 2018 drama film If Beale Street Could Talk and the following year began starring as Karen Mott in the BET comedy-drama series, Sistas. In 2024, Obsidian played Lena Derriecott Bell King in the war drama film, The Six Triple Eight, earning her an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture as well as Outstanding Breakthrough Performance.

Lena Derriecott Bell King
Lena Derriecott Bell King (January 27, 1923 – January 18, 2024) was an American soldier who was a member of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, the only all-Black, all-female unit to serve overseas during World War II. Known as the "Six Triple Eight", this battalion played a critical role in maintaining morale for U.S. troops in Europe by clearing a massive backlog of undelivered mail. In 2022, the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to the 6888th in recognition of its members' contributions. King was one of the Battalion's last five surviving members.
Transylvanian mining railway
The Transylvanian Mining Railway was a local interest narrow-gauge (760mm gauge) railway which was the first mining railway in Transylvania. This railway was built to ease the transportation of the iron ore mined from the iron ore mines from Ghelari to the blast furnace in Govăjdia and the ironworks from Hunedoara. This railway was also known as the "Hunedoara-Ghelari Local Interest Railway", "CFI Hunedoara", "Mocănița Hunedoara", "Calea Ferată Minieră Ardeleană", "Erdélyi Bányavasút" in Hungarian. The line was 10 km (6.2 mi) long from Hunedoara to Govăjdia and another 6 km (3.7 mi) from Govăjdia to the Retișoara terminus. This line was used by mixed trains that carried both iron ore and passengers from Ghelari to Govăjdia and Hunedoara's ironworks. They also transported dolomite and limestone from the limestone quarries near Govăjdia to the ironworks.

Ghelari
Ghelari (Hungarian: Gyalár) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Ghelari, Govăjdia (Govasdia), Plop, and Ruda.

The commune is located in the central part of the county, 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Hunedoara.

Govăjdia village is the site of the Govăjdia Blast Furnace.
Descent (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Descent" is the 26th episode of the sixth season and the first episode of the seventh season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 152nd and 153rd episodes overall.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode they once again encounter the Borg.

The episode, which was aired on television in 1993, features a guest appearance by astrophysicist Stephen Hawking. He appears in the show's opening on the holodeck in a card game with android Data, as a holographic version of himself.

Data (Star Trek)
Data is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. He appears in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG), the first and third seasons of Star Trek: Picard, and the fifth season of Star Trek: Lower Decks, and the feature films Star Trek Generations (1994), First Contact (1996), Insurrection (1998), and Nemesis (2002). Data is portrayed by actor Brent Spiner.

Data is a self-aware, sapient, sentient and anatomically fully functional male android who serves as the second officer and chief operations officer aboard the Federation starship USS Enterprise-D and later the USS Enterprise-E.

Data is in many ways a successor to the original Star Trek's Spock, in that the character has superior mental skills and offers an "outsider's" perspective on humanity.
Kew. Rhone.
Kew. Rhone. is a concept album by British bass guitarist and composer John Greaves, and American singer-songwriter and guitarist Peter Blegvad. It is a song cycle composed by Greaves with lyrics by Blegvad, and was performed by Greaves and Blegvad with vocalist Lisa Herman and others. The album was recorded in Woodstock, New York in October 1976, and was released in the UK in March 1977 by Virgin Records, credited on the front cover to "John Greaves, Peter Blegvad and Lisa Herman", but on the record label as "John Greaves and Peter Blegvad". It was issued in the US in 1978 by Europa Records.

Blegvad's lyrics on Kew. Rhone. are filled with "anagrams, palindromes and other verbal games".

An enhanced CD version of Kew. Rhone., issued by Voiceprint Records in 1998, included an interactive multimedia track entitled "Kew. Rom.". The album was a critical success, but failed commercially; AllMusic called it "an unfortunately neglected masterpiece of '70s progressive rock."

John Greaves (musician)
John Greaves (born 23 February 1950) is a British bass guitarist, pianist and composer who was a member of Henry Cow and has collaborated with Peter Blegvad. He was also a member of progressive rock band National Health and jazz-rock supergroup Soft Heap, and has recorded several solo albums, including Accident (1982), Parrot Fashions (1984), The Caretaker (2001) and Greaves Verlaine (2008).
Sxeʼxnʼx
The Sxeʼxnʼx (Thompson: Sx̣íx̣nx) are a First Nations people of the Lower Nicola Valley in the southern Southern Interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia.  They are part of the larger Nlaka'pamux (Thompson) people and closely connected to the Scw'exmx, a major subgroup of the Nlakapamuxtsin-speaking peoples.  Their primary community is Shackan or Lower Nicola, just west of Merritt ("Shackan" comes from Scw'ex, the name of the Nicolas River).

Nlaka'pamux
The Nlakaʼpamux or Nlakapamuk (/ɪŋkləˈkæpmə/ ing-klə-KAP-mə; Salishan: [nɬeʔképmx]), also previously known as the Thompson, Thompson River Salish, Thompson Salish, Thompson River Indians or Thompson River people, and historically as the Klackarpun, Haukamaugh, Knife Indians, and Couteau Indians, are an Indigenous First Nations people of the Interior Salish language group in southern British Columbia.  Their traditional territory includes parts of the North Cascades region of Washington.
Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Featured Performer in a Musical
The Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Performer in a Play is an award presented annually at the Lucille Lortel Awards to honor a performer for excellence in a leading role in an Off-Broadway play production since 2022, when the acting categories were made gender-neutral.

Jacob Ming-Trent is the only performer to be nominated more than once, with two nominations.

Lucille Lortel Awards
The Lucille Lortel Awards recognize excellence in New York Off-Broadway theatre. The Awards are named for Lucille Lortel, an actress and theater producer, and have been awarded since 1986. They are produced by the League of Off-Broadway Theatres and Producers by special arrangement with the Lucille Lortel Foundation, with additional support from the Theatre Development Fund.

Other awards for off-Broadway theatre (although not necessarily exclusive to off-Broadway theatre) include the Drama League Award, Outer Critics Circle Awards, Drama Desk Awards and the Obie Awards, as well as the Henry Hewes Design Awards presented by the American Theatre Wing.
Shikō Munakata
Shikō Munakata (棟方 志功, Munakata Shikō; September 5, 1903 – September 13, 1975) was a woodblock printmaker active in Shōwa period Japan. He is associated with the sōsaku-hanga movement and the mingei (folk art) movement. Munakata was awarded the "Prize of Excellence" at the Second International Print Exhibition in Lugano, Switzerland in 1952, and first prize at the São Paulo Bienal Exhibition in Brazil in 1955, followed by Grand Prix at the Venice Biennale in 1956, and the Order of Culture, the highest honor in the arts by the Japanese government in 1970.

Woodblock printing in Japan
Woodblock printing in Japan (木版画, mokuhanga) is a technique best known for its use in the ukiyo-e artistic genre, but it was also used for printing books in the same period. Invented in China during the Tang dynasty, woodblock printing was widely adopted in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1868). It is similar to woodcut in Western printmaking in some regards, but was widely used for text as well as images. The Japanese mokuhanga technique differs in that it uses water-based inks—as opposed to Western woodcut, which typically uses oil-based inks. Japanese water-based inks provide a wide range of vivid colors, glazes, and transparency.
Austin-Ball A.F.B.1
The Austin-Ball A.F.B.1 (Austin Fighting Biplane) was a British fighter plane of the First World War, built by the Austin Motor Company with design input from Britain's leading fighter ace at the time, Albert Ball. Although trials with the prototype were on the whole excellent, and it could very probably have been developed into a useful operational type, the A.F.B.1 did not go into production, as both Austin's production capacity and its Hispano-Suiza engine were required for the S.E.5a.

Hispano-Suiza 8
The Hispano-Suiza 8 is a water-cooled V8 SOHC aero engine introduced by Hispano-Suiza in 1914 that went on to become the most commonly used liquid-cooled engine in the aircraft of the Entente Powers during the First World War. The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at 140 hp (100 kW) and the later, larger displacement Hispano-Suiza 8F reached 330 hp (250 kW).

Hispano-Suiza 8 engines and variants produced by Hispano-Suiza and other companies under licence were built in twenty-one factories in Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S.  Derivatives of the engine were also used abroad to power numerous aircraft types and the engine can be considered as the ancestor of another successful engine by the same designer, the Hispano-Suiza 12Y (and Soviet Klimov V12 derivative aero-engines) which was in service during the Second World War.
Reforms of Portuguese orthography
The Portuguese language began to be used regularly in documents and poetry around the 12th century. Unlike neighboring Romance languages that adopted formal orthographies by the 18th century, the Portuguese language did not have a uniform spelling standard until the 20th century. The formation of the First Portuguese Republic in 1911 was motivation for the establishment of a committee led by Aniceto dos Reis Gonçalves Viana to initiate orthographic reform in Portugal and its overseas territories and colonies. Brazil would adopt an orthographic standard based on, but not identical to, the Portuguese standard a few decades later.

Further minor spelling reforms were approved in lusophone countries over the rest of the 20th century. In 1990, a further agreement was reached between the various countries, with Portugal, Brazil, and Cape Verde adopting the new standard gradually by the beginning of 2016.

Aniceto dos Reis Gonçalves Viana
Aniceto dos Reis Gonçalves Viana (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐniˈsɛtu ðuʒ ˈʁɐjʒ ɣõˈsalvɨʒ viˈɐnɐ]; 1840–1914) was a Portuguese writer and orientalist, who led a committee that made reforms of Portuguese orthography to make it more phonetic.
False positive rate
In statistics, when performing multiple comparisons, a false positive ratio (also known as fall-out or false alarm rate ) is the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis for a particular test. The false positive rate is calculated as the ratio between the number of negative events wrongly categorized as positive (false positives) and the total number of actual negative events (regardless of classification).

The false positive rate (or "false alarm rate") usually refers to the expectancy of the false positive ratio.

Multiple comparisons problem
Multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when many statistical tests are performed on the same dataset. Each test has its own chance of a Type I error (false positive), so the overall probability of making at least one false positive increases as the number of tests grows. In statistics, this occurs when one simultaneously considers a set of statistical inferences or estimates a subset of selected parameters based on observed values.

The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests, the more likely erroneous inferences become.  Several statistical techniques have been developed to compensate for the number of inferences being made—for example, by requiring a stricter significance threshold for individual comparisons.
Situbondo Regency
Situbondo Regency (Madurese: Kabhupatèn Situbânḍâ) is a regency (kabupaten) in the east of East Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,655.05 km2, and had a population of 647,619 at the 2010 Census and 685,967 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 691,635 (comprising 338,331 males and 353,304 females). It is located towards the eastern end of Java, before Banyuwangi. Its administrative centre is Situbondo, a small town within the regency. One of its famous tourist sites is Baluran National Park.

Baluran National Park
Baluran National Park is located in Situbondo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It has a relatively dry climate and mainly consists of savanna (40%), as well as lowland forests, mangrove forests and hills, with Mount Baluran (1,247m) as its highest peak.

Baluran National Park is located at the north-eastern extremity of Java, close to the islands of Bali and Madura. The park is bordered by the Madura Strait to the north, the Bali Strait to the east, the river Bajulmati (Wonorejo village) to the west and the river Klokoran (Sumberanyar village) to the south. The park is a rough circle, with the extinct volcano, Baluran, at its centre. Its total area is 25,000 ha. It consists of five zones: the Main Zone (12,000 ha), the Wilderness Zone (5,537 ha, comprising 1,063 ha water and 4,574 ha land), the Intensive Utilization Zone (800 ha), the Specific Utilization Zone (5,780 ha) and the Rehabilitation Zone (783 ha).
Bashir Noorzai
Bashir Noorzai is a former Afghan drug lord. He was an early supporter of the Taliban and later worked as an undercover agent on behalf of the U.S. government. Despite being among America's most wanted drug traffickers, he agreed to come to New York City for a debriefing after being promised by his handlers that he would not be arrested, and was arrested ten days after his arrival.

In 2008, he was convicted of smuggling heroin into the U.S. and sentenced to life imprisonment. After the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan, the 2022 US–Afghan prisoner exchange saw him released from prison in exchange for American contractor Mark Frerichs.

2022 US–Afghan prisoner exchange
On September 19, 2022, a prisoner exchange was conducted between the United States and Afghanistan, led by the Taliban-controlled government, in which Mark Frerichs, an American contractor was released in exchange for Bashir Noorzai, an Afghan tribal leader and convicted former drug lord close to Mullah Omar, the founder of the Taliban.
Xie Zhiliu
Xie Zhiliu (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. He was a noted member of the Shanghai School of art. Xie and his wife Chen Peiqiu are one of the most famous couples in Chinese art. The government of Shanghai has opened a museum in Nanhui New City dedicated to them.

Chen Peiqiu
Chen Peiqiu (29 December 1922 – 26 June 2020) was a Chinese calligrapher and guohua painter, often acclaimed as the foremost Chinese woman painter. She and her husband Xie Zhiliu were one of the most famous couples in Chinese visual arts. The government of Shanghai opened a museum in Nanhui New City dedicated to them.
Catalunyan Saddle
Catalunyan Saddle (Katalunska Sedlovina \ka-ta-'lun-ska se-dlo-vi-'na\) is a saddle of 1260 m height in the Friesland Ridge of the Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands.  The saddle is bounded by Lyaskovets Peak to the east and by Presian Ridge to the west.  The saddle was named in honour of the Catalans Francesc Sàbat (q.v. Sàbat Hill) and Jorge Enrique (q.v. Enrique Hill) from Juan Carlos I Base who established the first route via the saddle to Mount Friesland on 30 December 1991.

Presian Ridge
Presian Ridge (Presiyanov Rid \pre-si-'ya-nov 'rid\) is a ridge of elevation 1456 m extending 950 m in east-weat direction in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Situated between the island's summit Mount Friesland (1700 m) to the west and Catalunyan Saddle to the east.  Surmounting Wörner Gap, Camp Academia locality and upper Huron Glacier to the north, and Macy Glacier to the south.

First ascent by the Catalans Francesc Sàbat and Jorge Enrique from Juan Carlos I Base on 30 December 1991.

The ridge is named after Khan Presian of Bulgaria, 836-852 AD, who brought the Bulgarian lands in Macedonia together with those in Thrace, Moesia, Panonia, Dacia and Scythia.
Albert Goldman
Albert Harry Goldman (April 15, 1927 – March 28, 1994) was an American academic and author.

Goldman wrote about the culture and personalities of the American music industry, both in books and as a contributor to magazines. He is known for his bestselling book on Lenny Bruce and his controversial biographies of Elvis Presley and John Lennon.

Lenny Bruce
Leonard Alfred Schneider (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), better known by his stage name Lenny Bruce, was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, and satirist. He was renowned for his open, free-wheeling, and critical style of comedy that combined satire, politics, religion, sex, and vulgarity. His 1964 conviction in an obscenity trial was followed by a posthumous pardon in 2003.

Bruce forged new paths in comedy and counterculture. His trial for obscenity was a landmark of freedom of speech in the United States. In 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Bruce third, behind Richard Pryor and George Carlin, on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time.
Thurles
Thurles (/ˈtɜːrləs/; Durlas Éile) is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of the same name in the barony of Eliogarty and in the ecclesiastical parish of Thurles. The cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly is located in the town.

The birthplace of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), Thurles is the third largest town in the county, with a population of 8,185 at the 2022 census.

Eliogarty
Eliogarty (Irish: Éile Uí Fhógarta) is a barony in County Tipperary, Ireland. This geographical unit of land is one of 12 baronies in County Tipperary. Its chief town is Thurles. The barony lies between Ikerrin to the north (whose chief town is Roscrea), Kilnamanagh Upper to the west (whose chief town is Borrisoleigh), Middle Third to the south (whose chief town is Cashel) and County Kilkenny to the east. It is currently administered by Tipperary County Council.