hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jostein Gaarder
Jostein Gaarder (Norwegian: [ˈjùːstæɪn ˈɡòːɖər]; born 8 August 1952) is a Norwegian intellectual and author of several novels, short stories, and children's books. Gaarder often writes from the perspective of children, exploring their sense of wonder about the world. He often utilizes metafiction in his works and constructs stories within stories. His best known work is the novel Sophie's World: A Novel About the History of Philosophy (1991). It has been translated into 60 languages; there are over 40 million copies in print.

Sophie's World
Sophie's World (Norwegian: Sofies verden) is a 1991 novel by Norwegian writer Jostein Gaarder. It follows Sophie Amundsen, a Norwegian teenager, who is introduced to the history of philosophy as she is asked "Who are you?" "Where does this world come from?" in a letter from an unknown philosopher. The nonfictional content of the book roughly aligns with Bertrand Russell's A History of Western Philosophy.

Sophie's World became a best-seller in Norway and won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1994. The English translation was published in 1995, and the book was reported to be the best-selling book in the world that year.  By 2011, the novel had been translated into fifty-nine languages, with over forty million print copies sold. It is one of the most commercially successful Norwegian novels outside Norway, and has been adapted into a film and a PC game.
Eulogy of King Prasat Thong
Eulogy of King Prasat Thong is a long poem in Thai, composed during the king’s reign (1629–1656) by a senior noble. It is the first Thai poem which is specifically a royal panegyric and titled as such. It recounts the main events of the reign, including the building and renaming of the Chakkawat Phaichaiyon audience hall, adjustment of the calendar, a grand almsgiving, and a military parade and festival, all also described in the  Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya. It also states that King Prasat Thong is a bodhisatta, destined to become the tenth in a sequence of ten future Buddhas beginning with Metteyya. This claim is currently found in no other document. The sole manuscript, which was discovered in the 1980s, was copied in 1747/8 and is clearly incomplete. An annotated edition, including a facsimile of the original, was prepared by Buntuean Siworaphot and published in 2000.

Prasat Thong
Prasat Thong (Thai: ปราสาททอง, pronounced [prāː.sàːt.tʰɔ̄ːŋ]; c. 1599–1655; reigned 1629–1655) was the founder and first monarch of the Prasat Thong dynasty, the fourth ruling house of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Formerly a high-ranking official known as Okya Kalahom (Thai: ออกญากลาโหม), he rose to prominence during the reign of King Songtham by assisting in the suppression of a rebellion led by the king's son, Phra Sisin, in collaboration with the Japanese mercenary leader Yamada Nagamasa. Following a series of succession crises after Songtham's death, he seized power in 1629, briefly installing the infant Athittayawong as a puppet king before executing him and ascending the throne himself. His reign was marked by the reassertion of Siamese authority over Cambodia, though it also saw a weakening of Ayutthaya's control over its northern principalities.
Russel Pergament
Russel Pergament is a journalist and newspaper publisher. He is considered an early pioneer of free newspapers, founding or publishing The Tabs, Metro Boston, and Boston Now in the Boston area, and amNew York in New York City. He also publishes the Jewish News Syndicate wire service.

Tab Communications
Tab Communications Inc. (also called Tabloid Newspaper Publishers), based first in Newton, Massachusetts, United States, then in nearby Needham, was a weekly newspaper publisher in Greater Boston before being bought by Fidelity Investments in 1992 and dissolved into Community Newspaper Company in 1996.

The company, founded in 1979, steadily expanded from one newspaper to 14 and made one major acquisition, buying its competitor NewsWest in 1989. Most of the Tabs are published by  GateHouse Media, who bought CNC in 2006, and are still named after their tabloid format, although they are now broadsheets.
Fibroblast growth factor 23
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a protein and member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which participates in the regulation of phosphate in plasma and vitamin D metabolism. In humans it is encoded by the FGF23 gene. FGF-23 decreases reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney. Mutations in FGF23 can lead to its increased activity, resulting in autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets.

Fibroblast growth factor
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell signalling proteins produced by the macrophages. They are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development in animal cells. Any irregularities in their function will lead to a range of developmental defects.  These growth factors typically act as a systemic or locally circulating molecules of extracellular origin that activate cell surface receptors. A defining property of FGFs is that they bind to heparin and to heparan sulfate. Thus, some are sequestered in the extracellular matrix of tissues that contains heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and released locally upon injury or tissue remodeling.
Jeesiö
Jeesiö (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjeːsiøˣ]) is a rural village in the Sodankylä municipality in Lapland, Finland. It is located along the Highway 80, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the town centre towards Kittilä. About 130 residents live in the village's postal code area. There are still buildings left in the village from the early 20th century, as the village was not burned in the Lapland War by Germans, possibly due to poor transport connections.

The Kaarestunturi fell is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of Jeesiö and a gravel road called Jeesiönratsutie leads there.

Finnish national road 80
The Finnish national road 80 (Finnish: Kantatie 80; Swedish: Stamväg 80) is an east–west 2nd class main route in Lapland, Finland, which in the east starts from Sodankylä and continues west through Kittilä all the way to Kolari.

The length of the road is about 155 kilometres (96 mi), and it is the northernmost main road in Finland connecting the eastern and western parts of Lapland.
1907 Championship of Australia
The 1907 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 28 September 1907 at the Adelaide Oval in Adelaide, South Australia. It was the fourth edition of the Championship of Australia with it being the first since the 1896 edition, also in Adelaide.

The championship was contested by the premiers of the VFL (Carlton) and the premiers of the SAFL (Norwood) in one match which was played in a front of a crowd of 13,000. After a slow start which featured only three goals, Norwood would go to win the match by 32 points with Leonard Chamberlain scoring five goals as Norwood won their second title.

Future Premier of South Australia Lionel Hill and South Australian Attorney-General Shirley Jeffries were members of the victorious Norwood side.

1896 Championship of Australia
The 1896 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football match that took place on 12 June 1897.

The championship was contested by the premiers of the VFL, Collingwood and the premiers of the SAFL, South Adelaide.

The match was played at the Adelaide Oval in Adelaide, South Australia.

This was the last Championship of Australia match to be held until 1907.
3270 emulator
A 3270 Emulator is a terminal emulator that duplicates the functions of an IBM 3270 mainframe computer terminal on a computer, usually a PC or similar microcomputer.

As the original 3270 series terminals were connected to the host computer through a display controller (cluster controller) using coaxial cable, emulators originally required channel (rare), coax or synchronous communication adapter cards to be installed in the PC. Today, many emulators communicate with the mainframe computer through a TN3270 server using the TN3270 (RFC 1576) variant of the Telnet (RFC 495) protocol common on TCP/IP networks including the Internet, so special hardware is no longer required on machines with Internet access. Several vendors offered both coax and communications attached 3270 emulators and TN3270 clients as part of the same product.

IBM 3270
The IBM 3270 is a family of block oriented display and printer computer terminals introduced by IBM in 1971 and normally used to communicate with IBM mainframes. The 3270 was the successor to the IBM 2260 display terminal. Due to the text color on the original models, these terminals are informally known as green screen terminals. Unlike a character-oriented terminal, the 3270 minimizes the number of I/O interrupts required by transferring large blocks of data known as data streams, and uses a high speed proprietary communications interface, using coaxial cable.

IBM no longer manufactures 3270 terminals, but the IBM 3270 protocol is still commonly used via TN3270 clients, 3270 terminal emulation or web interfaces to access mainframe-based applications, which are sometimes referred to as green screen applications.
Bootle railway station
Bootle is a railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. The station, situated 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Barrow-in-Furness, serves the village of Bootle in Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Cumbrian Coast Line
The Cumbrian Coast Line is a rail route in North West England, running from Carlisle to Barrow-in-Furness via Workington and Whitehaven. The line forms part of Network Rail route NW 4033, which continues (as the Furness line) via Ulverston and Grange-over-Sands to Carnforth, where it connects with the West Coast Main Line.
Manchester Regiment (Jacobite)
The Manchester Regiment was a Jacobite unit raised during the 1745 Rebellion and the only significant number of English recruits willing to fight for Charles Edward Stuart in his attempt to regain the British throne for his father. Raised in late November 1745, the majority were captured in December at Carlisle; eleven officers and sixteen members of the rank and file were executed in 1746, over a quarter of all those executed for their role in the Rising.

Siege of Carlisle (December 1745)
The second siege of Carlisle in 1745 took place from 21 to 30 December  during the Jacobite rising of that year, when a Jacobite garrison surrendered to government forces led by the Duke of Cumberland.

The town had been captured the previous month in the first siege of 1745 by the Jacobite army that invaded England in November 1745 and reached as far south as Derby, before turning back on 6 December. They re-entered Carlisle on 19 December, and after leaving a garrison of 400 men, the main army continued its retreat into Scotland the next day.

Advance elements of the government army reached Carlisle on 21 December, but siege operations were delayed until their heavy artillery arrived six days later. They commenced firing on 28 December, and the Jacobites surrendered on 30th; 384 prisoners were taken, some of whom were later executed and others transported to the West Indies.
Luckenbooths
The Luckenbooths were a range of tenements which formerly stood immediately to the north of St. Giles' Kirk in the High Street of Edinburgh from the reign of King James II in the 15th century to the early years of the 19th century. They were demolished in 1802, apart from the east end of the block which was removed in 1817.

Old Tolbooth, Edinburgh
The Old Tolbooth was an important municipal building in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, for more than 400 years. The medieval structure, which was located at the northwest corner of St Giles' Cathedral and was attached to the west end of the Luckenbooths on the High Street in the Old Town, was first established in the 14th century by royal charter. Over the years it served a variety of purposes such as housing the Burgh Council, early meetings of the Parliament of Scotland and the Court of Session. The Tolbooth was also the burgh's main jail where, in addition to incarceration, physical punishment and torture were routinely conducted. From 1785 public executions were carried out. In 1817 the buildings, which had been rebuilt and renovated several times, were demolished.
Yanaida Nunōyama Kofun
Yanaida Nunōyama Kofun (柳田布尾山古墳) is a kofun burial mound located in the Yanaida neighborhood of the city of Himi, Toyama in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The tumulus has been protected as a National Historic Site since 2001.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Yablon (river)
The Yablon (Russian: Яблон) is a river in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It has a length of 242 kilometres (150 mi) and a drainage basin of 9,280 square kilometres (3,580 sq mi).

The Yablon is a right tributary of the Anadyr. The river and its tributaries are frozen for between eight and nine months every year. The nearest village is Markovo, located to the east of the mouth.

Anadyr (river)
The Anadyr (Russian: Анадырь [ɐˈnadɨrʲ]; Northern Yukaghir: Онандырь, romanized: Onandyr’; Chukot: Йъаайваам, romanized: J’āiwām) is a river in the far northeast of Siberia which flows into the Gulf of Anadyr of the Bering Sea and drains much of the interior of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Its basin corresponds to the Anadyrsky District of Chukotka.
TG4
TG4 (/ˌtiː dʒiː ˈkæhər/; Irish: TG Ceathair, pronounced [ˌtʲeːɟeː ˈcahəɾʲ]) is an Irish free-to-air public service television channel. It launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on-demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond.

TG4 was initially known as Teilifís na Gaeilge (TnaG), before being renamed in 1999. It was the third national station to be launched in Ireland, after RTÉ One in 1961 (as Teilifís Éireann) and RTÉ Two in 1978. It was followed by a fourth channel, TV3 (now called Virgin Media One), in 1998.

On average 1.2m people watch TG4 in the Republic of Ireland every week. 650,000 viewers tune into the channel each day. It has a 2% share of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland and 3% of the national television market in Northern Ireland. The daily Irish-language programme schedule is its core service: seven hours of programming in Irish supported by a wide range of material in other languages, mostly English and French.

Virgin Media One
Virgin Media One, also called Virgin One, is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned by Virgin Media Ireland (part of Liberty Global), operated through its subsidiary Virgin Media Television. The channel launched on 20 September 1998, as TV Three, becoming Ireland's fourth television channel and the first commercial channel. It was known as TV3 from 2006, and then as Virgin Media One from 30 August 2018. The channel broadcasts a mix of Irish programming and acquired programming from ITV and other networks.
UFC 251
UFC 251: Usman vs. Masvidal was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on July 12, 2020 at the du Forum on Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was originally planned to take place on June 6 at Perth Arena in Perth, Australia. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was eventually postponed on April 9 (see section below). In early June, it was confirmed that the event would instead take place in Abu Dhabi.

Yas Island
Yas Island (Arabic: جزيرة ياس) is an artificial island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates named after the Arabian Bani Yas tribe. It has been created through extensive land reclamation. It occupies a total land area of 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi). It is a leisure island and one of the largest tourism projects in Abu Dhabi.

Yas Island holds the Yas Marina Circuit, which has hosted Formula One's Abu Dhabi Grand Prix since 2009. It is also home to Ferrari World park, which contains Formula Rossa, the once fastest rollercoaster in the world.

Yas Island was named the world's leading tourism project at the World Travel Awards in November 2009.
Talk Amongst the Trees
Talk Amongst the Trees is the third studio album by American ambient musician Matthew Cooper under the name Eluvium. It was released on March 1, 2005, through Temporary Residence Limited. In 2016, Pitchfork named it the 43rd best ambient album of all time.

Eluvium (musician)
Matthew Robert Cooper, also known by the moniker Eluvium, is an American ambient recording artist who resides in Portland, Oregon. Cooper was born in Tennessee and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, before relocating to the Northwest. His albums often feature artwork and photographs by Jeannie Paske. He is signed to the record label Temporary Residence Limited.
Erasmus Programme
The Erasmus Programme is an educational programme named after Erasmus, combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport. It was created as the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students, a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. The original idea for the programme was first developed in the 1960s by Italian pedagogist Sofia Corradi, who advocated for the official recognition of study periods abroad.

Sofia Corradi
Sofia Corradi (5 September 1934 – 17 October 2025) was an Italian pedagogist. She was born in Rome and studied law, becoming a researcher in the field of the right to education as a human right. After experiencing that a course she studied at Columbia University in the United States was not recognized by the Italian education system, she dedicated much of her life in promoting and developing what would become the Erasmus Programme, an exchange programme of students between European universities. She was nicknamed "Mamma Erasmus" or "Mother Erasmus" because of her role in promoting the programme.
Nauru graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Nauru graph is a symmetric, bipartite, cubic graph with 24 vertices and 36 edges. It was named by David Eppstein after the twelve-pointed star in the flag of Nauru.

It has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, diameter 4, radius 4 and girth 6. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.

The Nauru graph requires at least eight crossings in any drawing of it in the plane. It is one of three non-isomorphic graphs tied for being the smallest cubic graph that requires eight crossings. Another of these three graphs is the McGee graph, also known as the (3-7)-cage.

Flag of Nauru
Following the independence of Nauru, the flag of Nauru (Nauruan: anidenin Naoero) was raised for the first time. The flag, chosen in a local design competition, was adopted on independence day, 31 January 1968. The design symbolically depicts Nauru's geographical position, with a star just south of the Equator.
Bitcoin Cash
Bitcoin Cash (also referred to as Bcash) is a cryptocurrency that is a fork of bitcoin. Launched in 2017, Bitcoin Cash is considered an altcoin or spin-off of bitcoin. In November 2018, Bitcoin Cash further split into two separate cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin Cash (BCH) and Bitcoin Satoshi Vision (BSV).

Bitcoin Satoshi Vision
Bitcoin Satoshi Vision (BSV) is a cryptocurrency that is a hard fork of Bitcoin Cash. Bitcoin Satoshi Vision was created in November 2018 by a group of individuals led by Craig Steven Wright, who has claimed since 2015 to be Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of the original bitcoin.
The Sandkings
"The Sandkings" is a 1995 Canadian-American television film based on the 1979 novella Sandkings by George R. R. Martin, and the first episode of the revived 1960s science-fiction television series The Outer Limits. It premiered on 26 March 1995 on Showtime and features three generations of the Bridges acting family: Beau, his father Lloyd, and son Dylan. Kim Coates and Helen Shaver also star.

The episode garnered five Gemini Award nominations. One of these was in the category of Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series for Beau Bridges' leading role as Simon Kress, which also garnered nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series and the CableACE Award for Best Actor in a Dramatic Series.

Beau Bridges
Lloyd Vernet "Beau" Bridges III (born December 9, 1941) is an American actor. He is a three-time Emmy, two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner, as well as a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee. Bridges also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to television. He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and the elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges.
Umrao Singh Sher-Gil
Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia (1870–1954) was an Indian aristocrat, scholar of Sanskrit and philosophy, and photographer. He was known as one of the pioneers of photography in India, leaving behind over 3,000 prints, including the hundreds of family portraits and over 80 self-portraits staged in a mise-en-scène style.

His daughters included the artist Amrita Sher-Gil and Indira Sundaram. In India, a photography grant named after him was instituted in 2015.

Indira Sundaram
Indira Sundaram (28 March 1914 - 1975) was the subject of several paintings completed by her sister, Amrita Sher-Gil, photographs by her father Umrao Singh Sher-Gil, and art works by her son Vivan Sundaram.
Theodore Beck
Theodore Beck (4 July 1859 – 2 September 1899) was a Quaker and British educationalist working for the British Raj in India. From 1883 until his death in 1899 he was Principal of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, which later became Aligarh Muslim University.

Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (Urdu: مدرست العلوم مسلمانانِ ہند, romanized: Madrasat ul-ʿUlūm Musalmānān-e-Hind, lit. "Science School for the Muslims of India") was founded in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, initially as a primary school, with the intention of turning it to a college level institution. It was inspired by the Cambridge education system. It started operations on Queen Victoria's 56th birthday, 24 May 1875.
Hamman Bello
Hamman Bello AhmedListenⓘ (also referred to in sources as Hamman Bello Ahmed Kojoli and Hamman Kojoli), OFR (3 January 1949 – 26 January 2022), was a Nigerian customs officer, philanthropist and politician. He served as the comptroller general (CG) of the Nigeria Customs Service from 2008 to 2009 by Umaru Yar Adua. He was replaced by B. E. Nwadialo; prior to becoming the CG of Customs, he was the Assistant CG of Customs at the Abuja headquarters.

Nigeria Customs Service
The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) is an agency of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which operates as an independent customs service under the supervisory oversight of the Nigerian Ministry of Finance, responsible for the collection of customs revenue, facilitation of both national and international trade, anti-smuggling and border security activities, with its headquarters at No 2. Lake Taal Close, off Tigris Crescent, off Aguiyi Ironsi St, Maitama, Abuja.