hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
House of Representatives (Libya)
The Libyan House of Representatives (HoR; Arabic: مجلس النواب, romanized: Majlis al-Nuwaab, lit. 'Council of Deputies') is the unicameral legislature of Libya, established following the 2014 parliamentary election, which recorded an 18% voter turnout.

Amid escalating conflict during the Second Libyan Civil War and the August 2014 Islamist takeover of Tripoli, the HoR relocated to the eastern city of Tobruk. Although based in Tobruk, several sessions were held in Tripoli in May 2019 while the capital was under armed assault, including the temporary appointment of an interim speaker. From 2014 to 2021, the HoR backed the Tobruk-based government led by Abdullah al-Thani. It later recognized the Government of National Unity (GNU) under Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh. In September 2021, the HoR passed a vote of no confidence against the GNU and subsequently appointed a rival administration, the Government of National Stability (GNS).

Government of National Stability
The Government of National Stability (Arabic: حكومة الاستقرار الوطني, romanized: Ḥukūmat al-istiqrār al-waṭanī) is a rival government that controls eastern Libya. It was formed on 3 March 2022, is led by Osama Hammad and supported by the House of Representatives and the Libyan National Army. Since its inception, the government has claimed power over Libya in competition with the Tripoli based Government of National Unity led by Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, with the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum coordinating the ceasefire agreement.

The Government of National Stability is a nominal civilian government in control of eastern Libya. However, de facto control in this area is held by the Libyan National Army and its commander Khalifa Haftar, who controls the government and the region through a military dictatorship.

As of May 2025 the United Nations recognises the Government of National Unity led by prime minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh as the legitimate government of Libya.
Explorer 3
Explorer 3 (Harvard designation 1958 Gamma) was an American artificial satellite launched into medium Earth orbit in 1958. It was the second successful launch in the Explorer program, and was nearly identical to the first U.S. satellite Explorer 1 in its design and mission.

Explorer 1
Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States in 1958 and was part of the U.S. participation in the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The mission followed the first two satellites, both launched by the Soviet Union during the previous year, Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2. This began a Space Race during the Cold War between the two nations.

Explorer 1 was launched on 1 February 1958 at 03:47:56 GMT (or 31 January 1958 at 22:47:56 Eastern Time) atop the first Juno I booster from LC-26A at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Center of the Atlantic Missile Range (AMR), in Florida. It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt, returning data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months. It remained in orbit until 1970.

Explorer 1 was given Satellite Catalog Number 00004 and the Harvard designation 1958 Alpha 1, the forerunner to the modern International Designator.
Sons of Africa
The Sons of Africa were a late-18th-century group in Britain that campaigned to end African chattel slavery. The "corresponding society" has been called Britain's first black political organisation. Its members were educated Africans in London, including formerly enslaved men such as Ottobah Cugoano, Olaudah Equiano and other leading members of London's black community.

It was closely connected to the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, a non-denominational group founded in 1787 by Granville Sharp and Thomas Clarkson.

Ottobah Cugoano
Ottobah Cugoano (c. 1757 – c. 1791), also known as John Stuart, was a British abolitionist and activist who was born in the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana). He was sold into slavery at the age of thirteen and shipped to Grenada in the West Indies. In 1772, he was purchased by a merchant who took him to England, where Cugoano learned to read and write, and was emancipated. Eventually, he started working for the artists Richard and Maria Cosway, becoming acquainted with several prominent British political and cultural figures as a result. He joined the Sons of Africa, a group of Black abolitionists in Britain, and died at some point after 1791.
CADICA
CADICA (Spanish: Confederación Atlética del Istmo Centroamericano; Central American Isthmus Athletic Confederation) is the regional confederation governing body of athletics for national governing bodies and multi-national federations within Central America.

The organization was founded in 1964, shortly before the second Central American Championships in Athletics were held. The current president is Ing. Calixto Sierra from Honduras.

Central American Championships in Athletics
The Central American Championships in Athletics (Campeonatos Centroamericanos Mayores) is an athletics event organized by the Confederación Atlética del Istmo Centroamericano CADICA (Central American Isthmus Athletic Confederation) open for athletes from member associations.
Gérard Jugnot
Gérard Jugnot (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁaʁ ʒyɲo]; born 4 May 1951) is a French actor, film director, screenwriter and film producer.

Jugnot was one of the founders of the comedy troupe Le Splendid in the 1970s, along with, among others, his high-school friends Christian Clavier, Thierry Lhermitte, and Michel Blanc. Then Josiane Balasko and Marie-Anne Chazel joined them. The group adapted a number of its stage hits for the cinema and was extremely successful in films such as Les Bronzés (1978), Les Bronzés font du ski (1979) and Le Père Noël est une ordure (1982).

Jugnot gained international fame for his lead role in Les Choristes in which he played Clément Mathieu. The last movie he directed was C'est beau la vie quand on y pense (2017).

Jugnot is the father of actor Arthur Jugnot, born in 1980 to Jugnot and wardrobe designer Cécile Magnan.

He was made Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur in 2004.

Michel Blanc
Michel Blanc (16 April 1952 – 3 October 2024) was a French actor, writer and director. He is noted for his roles of losers and hypochondriacs. He is frequently associated with Le Splendid, which he co-founded, along with Thierry Lhermitte, Josiane Balasko, Christian Clavier, Marie-Anne Chazel and Gérard Jugnot. He also appeared in more serious roles, such as the title role in the Patrice Leconte film Monsieur Hire.
Sappemeer Oost railway station
Sappemeer Oost (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌsɑpəˈmeːr oːst]; abbreviation: Spm), previously named Borgercompagniesterweg (1887–1900), was an unstaffed railway station in Sappemeer in the Netherlands. It was located on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Hoogezand-Sappemeer and Zuidbroek.

Train services started on 1 January 1887 and have since been provided by Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (1887–1937), Nederlandse Spoorwegen (1938–2000), NoordNed (2000–2005), and Arriva (2005–present). There was a station building between 1891 and 1973, which was replaced by a shelter. The station was definitely closed in 2020.

The station has two tracks and two platforms. Before the station was closed, there were three local train services with four trains per hour to and from Groningen, two trains to and from Veendam, and two trains to and from Bad Nieuweschans.

Zuidbroek railway station
Zuidbroek (Dutch pronunciation: [zœydˈbruk]; abbreviation: Zb) is an unstaffed railway station in Zuidbroek in the Netherlands. It is located on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Sappemeer Oost and Scheemda, and at the northern end of the Stadskanaal–Zuidbroek railway after Veendam in the province of Groningen.

The station building was designed by Karel Hendrik van Brederode and completed in 1865. Train services started on 1 May 1868. The Noord-Nederlands Trein & Tram Museum has been housed in the station building since 2014.

At the station are four tracks and three platforms. The three local train services are operated by Arriva. The one and only bus connection is operated by Qbuzz and Taxi de Grooth.
San Ginesio
San Ginesio is an Italian municipality with a population of 3,040 inhabitants located in the Province of Macerata within the Marche region. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Bendigo line
The Bendigo line is a regional passenger rail service operated by V/Line in Victoria, Australia. It serves 14 stations towards its terminus in the regional city of Bendigo. It is the third most-used regional rail service in Victoria (behind the Ballarat and Geelong services), carrying 2.06 million passengers in the 2022-23 financial year.

Beyond Bendigo, the Echuca line continues north-east to Echuca via Epsom; and the Swan Hill line continues north-west to Swan Hill via Eaglehawk. Services are operated to Bendigo and Echuca primarily using V/Line VLocity diesel multiple unit sets in either 3- or 6-car configurations; V/Line N class loco-hauled services run to Swan Hill, with a mixture of N type carriages and Z type carriages.

Ballarat line
The Ballarat line is a regional passenger rail service operated by V/Line in Victoria, Australia. It serves 13 stations towards its terminus in Ballarat's western suburb of Wendouree via Melton and Bacchus Marsh. Services are operated primarily using V/Line VLocity diesel multiple unit sets in either 3- or 6-car configurations.

It is the second most-used regional rail service in Victoria (behind the Geelong line), carrying 4.68 million passengers in the 2022-23 financial year.

The Ararat line extends further west from Wendouree to Ararat, while the Maryborough line is operated primarily as a shuttle from Ballarat along the Mildura line to Maryborough.
Cuomo Prime Time
Cuomo Prime Time is an American news analysis show that aired on CNN from June 4, 2018, to November 29, 2021. Hosted by Chris Cuomo, the series featured analysis and debates on current news topics, as well as in-depth interviews with notable figures.

The series was canceled by CNN in November 2021, after Cuomo was suspended indefinitely following reports that implied his impartiality was compromised because he assisted in the defense of his brother, former New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, against sexual harassment allegations that led to the Governor’s resignation.[14][15]. The hour was initially replaced by CNN Tonight, a transitional program produced by the Cuomo Prime Time staff with rotating anchors (not to be confused with Don Lemon Tonight, which previously used the title). The hour has subsequently been taken by The Source with Kaitlan Collins.

The Source with Kaitlan Collins
The Source with Kaitlan Collins is an American news discussion show broadcast by CNN and CNN International. Premiering on July 10, 2023, the program is hosted by CNN's chief White House correspondent Kaitlan Collins from its Washington, D.C., bureau. The show currently airs weeknights live from 9:00 pm to 10:00 pm ET. Substitute hosts of the program are chief national security correspondent Jim Sciutto, The Story Is anchor Elex Michaelson, and The Arena host Kasie Hunt.
Nueva Planta decrees
The Nueva Planta decrees (Spanish: Decretos de Nueva Planta, Catalan: Decrets de Nova Planta, English: "Decrees of the New Plant") were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V, the first Bourbon King of Spain, during and shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht.

The Decrees put an end to the existence of the realms of the Crown of Aragon (Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and Majorca) as separate states within a composite monarchy and incorporated them into the Crown of Castile, thus abolishing the political differences of the two crowns and essentially establishing the Kingdom of Spain as a French-style absolute monarchy and a centralized state in the pre-liberal sense.

Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Valencian: Regne de València; Spanish: Reino de Valencia; Latin: Regnum Valentiae), located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.

The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in the course of the Reconquista. It was dissolved, alongside the other components of the old crown of Aragon, by Philip V of Spain in 1707, by means of the Nueva Planta decrees, as a result of the Spanish War of Succession.

During its existence, the Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by the laws and institutions stated in the Furs (charters) of Valencia; these charters granted it wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon and, later on, under the Spanish Monarchy.

The boundaries and identity of the present Spanish autonomous community of the Valencian Community are essentially those of the former Kingdom of Valencia.
Australian knights and dames
This is an incomplete list of Australians who have been appointed a knight or a dame, being entitled to be known as "sir" or "dame" respectively. It includes living Australian knights and dames as well as dead appointees. The list excludes Australian baronets; they have the title sir, but are not knights per se.

Living Australian knights and dames
The following is a list of living Australians who have been appointed knights or dames.

The list includes:

Knights and dames of the Order of Australia

Knights and dames of an Order of Chivalry under the British Imperial Honours system, including
Order of the British Empire
Royal Victorian Order
Order of St Michael and St George
Order of the Bath
Order of the Garter

Knights Bachelor (there is no female counterpart).

The list excludes Australian baronets.
Turbo C Sharp
Turbo C# is a discontinued integrated development environment (IDE) for the C# programming language, originally released by the Developer Tools Group of Borland Software Corporation in September 2006. It was a single-language version of Borland Developer Studio 2006 that targeted the Microsoft .NET Framework and the ASP.NET platform, allowing developers to build WinForms and web applications. Turbo C# was part of a broader revival of the Turbo brand alongside Turbo Delphi, Turbo Delphi for .NET, and Turbo C++, aimed at students, hobbyists, and individual professionals.

The product was later distributed by the CodeGear division of Embarcadero Technologies, which purchased Borland's developer tools business in 2008. In October 2009, Embarcadero discontinued support for all Turbo products, including Turbo C#, and the software is no longer available for download.

Turbo Delphi
Turbo Delphi is a discontinued integrated development environment (IDE), created by CodeGear, for student, amateur, individual professionals, and hobbyist programmers. It used the programming language Delphi, which is a dialect of Object Pascal.
Hidefumi Kimura
Hidefumi Kimura (きむら ひでふみ, Kimura Hidefumi; born March 12, 1965) is a Japanese artist, writer and animator. He is a member of gímik, along with Keiji Gotoh and Megumi Kadonosono, and is responsible for composing the scenarios and writing most of the episodic screenplays for their anime, and for writing some of the related manga and light novels. Some of his major works in illustration include Generator Gawl, Kiddy Grade, and Avenger.

Kiddy Grade
Kiddy Grade (Japanese: キディ・グレイド, romanized: Kidi Gureido) is a Japanese anime television series produced in 2002 and created by gímik and Gonzo Digimation and directed by Keiji Gotoh. The series is licensed and distributed in North America by FUNimation Entertainment.

In October 2006, news of a Kiddy Grade sequel was announced, under the working title of Kiddy Grade 2 (キディ・グレイ) (K-G.2), to be animated by Asread (Shuffle! anime). On February 26, 2009, it was re-announced under the new title Kiddy Girl-and (キディ・ガーランド, Kidi Gārando) along with news of a new manga adaptation, Kiddy Girl-and Pure (キディ・ガーランド ぴゅあ, Kidi Gārando Pyua). The sequel is set 50 years after the original series and introduces two new female protagonists, Ascœur (アスクール, Asukūru) and Q-feuille (ク・フィーユ, Ku Fīyu).
Warwick, New York
Warwick is a town in the southwestern part of Orange County, New York, United States. Its population was 32,027 at the 2020 census. The town contains three villages (Florida, Greenwood Lake, and Warwick) and eight hamlets (Amity, Bellvale, Edenville, Little York, Wisner, New Milford, Pine Island, and Sterling Forest).

Pine Island, New York
Pine Island is a hamlet in the town of Warwick in Orange County, New York, United States. It is the largest community in the Black Dirt Region, which is famous for its "black dirt onions." It gets its name from its slight elevation over the surrounding land. In the days before the nearby Wallkill River was rerouted to control flooding, it would often be an actual island for a period in the spring.
Freudenthal suspension theorem
In mathematics, and specifically in the field of homotopy theory, the Freudenthal suspension theorem is the fundamental result leading to the concept of stabilization of homotopy groups and ultimately to stable homotopy theory.  It explains the behavior of simultaneously taking suspensions and increasing the index of the homotopy groups of the space in question. It was proved in 1937 by Hans Freudenthal.

The theorem is a corollary of the homotopy excision theorem.

Homotopy excision theorem
In algebraic topology, the homotopy excision theorem offers a substitute for the absence of excision in homotopy theory. More precisely, let  be an excisive triad with  nonempty, and suppose the pair  is ()-connected, , and the pair  is ()-connected, . Then the map induced by the inclusion ,

,

is bijective for  and is surjective for .

A geometric proof is given in a book by Tammo tom Dieck.

This result should also be seen as a consequence of the most general form of the Blakers–Massey theorem, which deals with the non-simply-connected case.

The most important consequence is the Freudenthal suspension theorem.
Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer
A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), is a tandem mass spectrometer consisting of two quadrupole mass analyzers in series, with a (non-mass-resolving) radio frequency (RF)–only quadrupole between them to act as a cell for collision-induced dissociation. This configuration is often abbreviated QqQ, here Q1q2Q3.

Quadrupole mass analyzer
In mass spectrometry, the quadrupole mass analyzer (or quadrupole mass filter) is a type of mass analyzer originally conceived by Nobel laureate Wolfgang Paul and his student Helmut Steinwedel. As the name implies, it consists of four cylindrical rods, set parallel to each other. In a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) the quadrupole is the mass analyzer – the component of the instrument responsible for selecting sample ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Ions are separated in a quadrupole based on the stability of their trajectories in the oscillating electric fields that are applied to the rods.
Augusta Emma Stetson
Augusta Emma Stetson (née Simmons) (October 12, 1842 – October 12, 1928) was an American religious leader. Known for her impressive oratory skills and magnetic personality, she attracted a large following in New York City. However, her increasingly radical theories, conflicts with other church members including a well-known rivalry with Laura Lathrop, and attempts to supplant Mary Baker Eddy as the leader of The First Church of Christ, Scientist, led to her eventually being excommunicated from the church on charges of insubordination and of false teaching. Afterwards she began preaching and publishing various works on her theories which she named the "Church Triumphant," and started a controversial radio station to advance her cause.

Mary Baker Eddy
Mary Baker Eddy (née Baker; July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author, who in 1879 founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, the Mother Church of the Christian Science movement. She also founded The Christian Science Monitor in 1908, and three religious magazines: the Christian Science Sentinel, The Christian Science Journal, and The Herald of Christian Science.

Eddy wrote numerous books and articles, most notably the 1875 book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, selected as one of the "75 Books by Women Whose Words Have Changed the World" by the Women's National Book Association. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1995. Other works Eddy authored include Manual of The Mother Church, and a collection of varied writings that were consolidated posthumously into a book called Prose Works.
Vaudeville Managers Association
The Vaudeville Managers Association (VMA) was a cartel of managers of American vaudeville theaters established in 1900, dominated by the Boston-based Keith-Albee chain.
Soon afterwards the Western Vaudeville Managers Association (WVMA) was formed as a cartel of theater owners in Chicago and the west, dominated by the Orpheum Circuit. Although rivals, the two organizations collaborated in booking acts and dealing with the performers' union, the White Rats. By 1913 Edward Franklin Albee II had effective control over both the VMA and WVMA. In the 1920s vaudeville went into decline, unable to compete with film. In 1927 the Keith-Albee and Orpheum chains merged. The next year they became part of RKO Pictures.

White Rats of America
The White Rats was a fraternal organization formed in the United States by vaudeville performers, led by George Fuller Golden, as a labor union to support the rights of male performers. Women and African-American performers were not allowed to join. The White Rats attempted to combat the monopolistic practices of the United Booking Office (UBO) and the Vaudeville Managers Association (VMA), groups formed by vaudeville theater managers to keep performers' wages low and control when and where performers were allowed to work. It was based on the Grand Order of Water Rats, a British entertainment industry fraternity and charity. It received a charter from the American Federation of Labor in 1910. The union staged several strikes but ultimately disbanded.
Pierre Morissette
Joseph Paul Pierre Morissette (born November 22, 1944) is the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, Canada. He was formerly bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Baie-Comeau.

Morissette was born in Thetford Mines. He was ordained to the priesthood on June 8, 1968. On February 27, 1987, he was appointed auxiliary bishop in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec and titular bishop of Mesarfelta. On March 17, 1990, he was appointed bishop of Baie-Comeau, and on July 3, 2008 he was appointed bishop of Saint-Jérôme.

Diocese of Saint-Jérôme–Mont-Laurier
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Hieronymi Terraebonae) is a Latin rite suffragan of the Archdiocese of Montréal.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Cathédrale Saint-Jérôme, dedicated to Saint Jerome (Hieronumus), in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec.