hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carahunge
Carahunge (Armenian: Քարահունջ, also romanized as Karahunj and Qarahunj), also known as Zorats Karer (Զորաց Քարեր), Dik-Dik Karer (Դիք-Դիք Քարեր), Tsits Karer (Ցից Քարեր) and Karenish (Քարենիշ), is a prehistoric archaeological site near the town of Sisian in the Syunik Province of Armenia. It is also often referred to among international tourists as the "Armenian Stonehenge".

Syunik Province
Syunik (Armenian: Սյունիք, pronounced [sjuˈnikʰ] ⓘ) is the southernmost province of Armenia. It is bordered by the Vayots Dzor Province to the north, Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic exclave to the west, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran to the south. Its capital and largest city is the town of Kapan. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population was 114,488 in the 2022 census, down from 141,771 at the 2011 census and 152,684 at the 2001 census.
William Deering
William Deering (April 25, 1826 – December 9, 1913) was an American businessman and philanthropist.
He inherited a woolen mill in Maine, but made his fortune in later life with the Deering Harvester Company.

James Deering
James Deering (November 12, 1859 – September 21, 1925) was an American executive in the management of his family's Deering Harvester Company and later International Harvester, as well as a socialite and an antiquities collector. He built his landmark Vizcaya estate, where he was an early 20th-century resident on Biscayne Bay in the present day Coconut Grove district of Miami, Florida. Begun in 1910, with architecture and gardens in a Mediterranean Revival style, Vizcaya was his passionate endeavor with artist Paul Chalfin, and his winter home from 1916 to his death in 1925.
Lugdunum
Lugdunum (also spelled Lugudunum, Latin: [ɫʊɡ(ʊ)ˈduːnʊ̃ː]; modern Lyon, France) was an important Roman city in Gaul, established on the current site of Lyon.

The Roman city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus, but continued an existing Gallic settlement with a likely population of several thousands. It served as the capital of the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis and was an important city in the western half of the Roman Empire for centuries. Two emperors, Claudius and Caracalla, were born in Lugdunum. In the period AD 69–192 , the city's population may have numbered 50,000 to 100,000, and possibly up to 200,000 inhabitants.

The original Roman city was situated west of the confluence of the Rhône and Saône, on the Fourvière heights. By the late centuries of the empire much of the population was located in the Saône River valley at the foot of Fourvière.

Lucius Munatius Plancus
Lucius Munatius Plancus (c. 87 BC – c. 15 BC) was a Roman senator, consul in 42 BC, and censor in 22 BC with Paullus Aemilius Lepidus. He is one of the classic historical examples of men who have managed to survive very dangerous circumstances by constantly shifting their allegiances. Beginning his career under Julius Caesar, he allied with his assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in 44 BC, then with the Second Triumvirate in 43 BC, joining Mark Antony in 40 BC, and deserting him for Octavian in 32 BC. He also founded the cities of Augusta Raurica (now Augst) and Lugdunum (now Lyon). His tomb is still visible at Gaeta.
2010 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 2010 South Carolina gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 2010. Incumbent Republican Governor Mark Sanford was term limited and unable to seek re-election. Primary elections took place on June 8, 2010, and a runoff election, as was necessary on the Republican side, was held two weeks later on June 22.

Republican Nikki Haley defeated Democrat Vincent Sheheen in the general election by a margin of 4.5%. As of 2023, this is the closest that the Democrats have come to winning the governorship of South Carolina since their last victory in 1998. This is the first open-seat election since 1994. Haley was re-elected in 2014 in a rematch with Sheheen.

Vincent Sheheen
Vincent Austin Sheheen (born April 29, 1971) is an American attorney and politician. He was a member of the South Carolina Senate from 2004 to 2020, representing the 27th District, which comprises Chesterfield, Kershaw, and Lancaster counties. He currently serves as the mayor of Camden, South Carolina. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2001 to 2004. He ran for Governor of South Carolina twice, in 2010 and 2014, losing both times to Nikki Haley. In 2020, Sheheen lost reelection to Republican Penry Gustafson.

Sheheen, who is of Lebanese descent, is currently on the board of trustees for In Defense of Christians (IDC), a nonprofit advocating for the rights of Christians in the Middle East.
Padma Oil Company
The Padma Oil Company Limited (Bengali: পদ্মা অয়েল কোম্পানী লিমিটেড) formerly known as Burmah Eastern Limited, is a subsidiary of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), a statutory organization of the government under the Ministry of Power, Energy, and Mineral Resources. It is registered with the joint-stock company as a public limited company under the Company Act 1913. The company's head office is located on Strand Road in Chittagong, officially known as Chattogram. It is one of three state owned oil distribution companies in Bangladesh with the others being Jamuna Oil Company and Meghna Petroleum Limited.

Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation
Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পেট্রোলিয়াম কর্পোরেশন) (BPC) is a government agency in Bangladesh to import, distribute and market oil and petroleum products. Amin-Ul-Ahsan is the chairperson of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation.
Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford
Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford KB (24 February 1593 – June 1625) was an English nobleman, courtier, and soldier. He inherited one of England’s oldest earldoms in 1604, joining a prominent aristocratic family with centuries of influence in English politics and society. De Vere served at the court of King James I, participating in ceremonial events, military campaigns, and diplomatic missions, reflecting the close connection between noble and royal service in early modern England. He was created a Knight of the Bath (KB) and married Lady Diana Cecil, though the couple had no children. Upon his death in 1625, the earldom passed to his second cousin, Robert de Vere, as the 19th Earl of Oxford.

Diana Cecil
Diana Cecil, Countess of Oxford (1596–1654) was an English aristocrat. She was a daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter and his second wife Elizabeth Drury, a daughter of Sir William Drury and Elizabeth Stafford.

Her portrait was painted by William Larkin, by the artist known as the "Comet Master" or Paul van Somer, by Cornelius Johnson, and by Anthony van Dyck.

In 1624 she married Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford. He died at the siege of Breda in 1625.

In 1629 she married Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin.

She died on 26 February 1654.

Thomas Bruce built the Ailesbury Mausoleum in her memory in the churchyard of St. Mary's Church, Maulden, Bedfordshire. The octagonal building was constructed over an existing crypt. Inside the Mausoleum there is a monument to Diana, and marble busts of Thomas Bruce and of his grandson Edward Bruce.
Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke
Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery, KG, KB, PC (10 October 1584 – 23 January 1650) was an English courtier, nobleman, and politician active during the reigns of James I and Charles I. He married Susan de Vere, the youngest daughter of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. Philip and his older brother William were the 'incomparable pair of brethren' to whom the First Folio of Shakespeare's collected works was dedicated in 1623.

Susan Herbert, Countess of Montgomery
Susan Herbert (née de Vere), Countess of Montgomery (26 May 1587 – 1629), was an English court office holder. She served as lady-in-waiting to the queen consort of England and Scotland, Anne of Denmark. She was the youngest daughter of Elizabethan courtier, and poet Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford.
Carrizozo volcanic field
The Carrizozo volcanic field is a monogenetic volcanic field located in New Mexico, US. The volcanic field consists of two lava flows, the Broken Back flow and the Carrizozo lava flow (Carrizozo Malpais), the second youngest in New Mexico. Both lava flows originated from groups of cinder cones.  The Broken Back flow is approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) long and the Carrizozo, one of the largest in the world, is 68 kilometres (42 mi) long, covering 328 square kilometres (127 sq mi) with a volume of 4.2 cubic kilometres (1.0 cu mi).

Jornada del Muerto Volcano
The Jornada del Muerto Volcano is a small shield volcano and lava field in central New Mexico, about 10 by 15 miles (16 by 24 km) in size and reaching an elevation of 5,136 feet (1,565 m).  Jornada del Muerto means "Dead Man's Route" in Spanish, referring to the desolate colonial era trail from New Spain through this Malpaís region.
The Perfect Melody
The Perfect Melody is the debut solo studio album by Puerto Rican singer Zion. Production of the album was handled by several musical producers including Akon, Nely el Arma Secreta, Tainy, and others. Guest appearances include Akon, Eddie Dee, Tony Tun-Tun, De La Ghetto and Jowell & Randy, among others. After temporarily separating from the duo Zion & Lennox, Zion began recording material for his debut solo album in October 2006.

"The Way She Moves" featuring Akon was selected as the lead single from the album. The song was released to radio stations on June 12, 2007, and released as a digital download on April 9, 2008. "Zun Da Da" served as the second single and was released to radio stations on July 20, 2007, and released as a digital download on April 9, 2008, as well. The Perfect Melody received a nomination for a Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year.

Zion & Lennox
Zion & Lennox was a Puerto Rican music duo from Carolina, Puerto Rico. In 2004, Zion & Lennox released their first studio album titled Motivando a la Yal under White Lion Records. After their first album, Zion & Lennox decided to start their own label, Baby Records Inc. The duo was made up of Félix Ortiz (Zion) and Gabriel Pizarro (Lennox).
Kaltennordheim
Kaltennordheim (German: [ˌkaltn̩ˈnɔʁthaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated in the Rhön Mountains, 22 km southwest of Bad Salzungen, and 35 km east of Fulda. The former municipalities Aschenhausen, Kaltensundheim, Kaltenwestheim, Melpers, Oberkatz und Unterweid were merged into Kaltennordheim in January 2019. At the same time, Kaltennordheim passed from the Wartburgkreis to Schmalkalden-Meiningen.

Kaltenwestheim
Kaltenwestheim (German pronunciation: [ˌkaltn̩ˈvɛsthaɪm]) is a village and a former municipality in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Kaltennordheim.
Caritas Czech Republic
Caritas Czech Republic (Czech: Charita Česká republika) is a Czech Catholic not-for-profit social welfare and humanitarian relief organisation. It is a service of the Czech Bishops' Conference and is the largest social welfare and charitable organisation in the country.
Caritas Czech Republic is a member of both Caritas Europa and Caritas Internationalis.

Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Internationalis (Latin pronunciation: [kaː.ri.t̪as in̪.t̪er.nat̪.t̪͡s̪iˈɔː.na.lis]; lit. 'Charity International') is a confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development, and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. The name Caritas Internationalis refers to both the global network of Caritas organisations and to its general secretariat based in Vatican City.

Collectively and individually, their missions are "to serve the poor and to promote charity and justice throughout the world". Caritas Internationalis is the second-largest international humanitarian aid network in the world after the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
Tom Cole (racing driver)
Thomas Lionel Howard Cole, Jr. (11 June 1922 – 14 June 1953), also known as Tom Cole or Tommy Cole, was a British-American racing driver and co-creator of the Cadillac-Allard sports car. Afflicted by childhood polio, he served in non-combat roles in World War II, and then took up rallying, hillclimbing, and sports car racing full-time after the war. He died, aged 31, in a crash while driving in the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Allard J2
The Allard J2 is a sports roadster that was made by Allard. The J2 was mainly intended for the American market. Since 1981, replicas of the later J2X have been manufactured by a succession of companies in Canada, whilst a continuation of the original models is also now being produced in the UK.
Postage meter
A postage meter or franking machine is a mechanical device used to create and apply physical evidence of postage (or franking) to mailed items.  Postage meters are regulated by a country's postal authority. A postage meter imprints an amount of postage, functioning as a postage stamp, a cancellation and a dated postmark all in one. The meter stamp serves as proof of payment and eliminates the need for adhesive stamps.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Ross Puritty
Ross Puritty (born December 18, 1966) is an American former professional boxer. A high-level journeyman and occasional heavyweight contender, Puritty is remembered for his fight with Wladimir Klitschko in 1998 in which he won the World Boxing Council (WBC) International heavyweight title, as well as for fighting former World Boxing Organization (WBO) world heavyweight champion, Tommy Morrison, to a draw. He also holds victories over former world title challengers Jorge Luis Gonzalez and Joe Hipp.

Jorge Luis González
Jorge Luis González (born October 19, 1964) (DOB disputed) is a former heavyweight boxing contender and prospect born in Havana, Cuba. He won the gold medal at the 1983 Pan American Games and the 1987 Pan American Games and the former WBO Latino Heavyweight Champion. On June 17, 1995, the big puncher González became the first Cuban boxer to challenge for a heavyweight world title when he fought WBO champion Riddick Bowe at MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas.
Dehn surgery
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a Dehn surgery, named after Max Dehn, is a construction used to modify 3-manifolds.  The process takes as input a 3-manifold together with a link.  It is often conceptualized as two steps: drilling then filling.

Max Dehn
Max Wilhelm Dehn (November 13, 1878 – June 27, 1952) was a German mathematician most famous for his work in geometry, topology and geometric group theory. Dehn's early life and career took place in Germany.  However, he was forced to retire in 1935 and eventually fled Germany in 1939 and emigrated to the United States.

Dehn was a student of David Hilbert, and in his habilitation in 1900 Dehn resolved Hilbert's third problem, making him the first to resolve one of Hilbert's 23 problems. Dehn's doctoral students include Ott-Heinrich Keller, Ruth Moufang, and Wilhelm Magnus; he also mentored mathematician Peter Nemenyi and the artists Dorothea Rockburne and Ruth Asawa.
Mike Tuck (basketball)
Michael Pauleu Tuck (born 17 March 1983) is a Canadian-British semi-professional basketball player who plays for Sheffield Sharks "II" and former professional basketball player who primarily played for the Sheffield Sharks (2009-2022) in the British Basketball League.

Sheffield Sharks
The Sheffield Sharks, currently known as B.Braun Sheffield Sharks for sponsorship reasons, are a professional basketball team from the city of Sheffield, England. The Sharks compete in the Super League Basketball and play their home matches at Park Community Arena, which opened in 2023. They are one of the most successful teams in the history of British basketball and dominated domestic competitions throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.
Alexis, Illinois
Alexis is a village in Mercer and Warren counties in Illinois, United States. The population was 793 at the 2020 census.

The Mercer County portion is part of the Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Mercer County, Illinois
Mercer County is a county in Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 15,699. Its county seat is Aledo. Mercer County is included in the Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jaffrey, New Hampshire
Jaffrey is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,320 at the 2020 census.

The main village in town, where 3,058 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Jaffrey census-designated place (CDP) and is located along the Contoocook River at the junction of U.S. Route 202 and New Hampshire routes 124 and 137.

Jaffrey (CDP), New Hampshire
Jaffrey is a census-designated place (CDP) and the main village in the town of Jaffrey in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population of the CDP was 3,058 at the 2020 census, out of 5,320 in the entire town of Jaffrey.
Stroke ratio
Stroke ratio, today universally defined as  bore/stroke ratio, is a term to describe the ratio between cylinder bore diameter and piston stroke length in a reciprocating piston engine.  This can be used for either an internal combustion engine, where the fuel is burned within the cylinders of the engine, or external combustion engine, such as a steam engine, where the combustion of the fuel takes place outside the working cylinders of the engine.

Stroke (engine)
In the context of an internal combustion engine, the term stroke has the following related meanings:

A phase of the engine's cycle (e.g. compression stroke, exhaust stroke), during which the piston travels from top to bottom or vice versa.

The type of power cycle used by a piston engine (e.g. two-stroke engine, four-stroke engine).

"Stroke length", the distance travelled by the piston during each cycle. The stroke length, along with bore diameter, determines the engine's displacement.
Rocky Hill, Connecticut
Rocky Hill is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 20,845 at the 2020 census. It was originally land of the Wangunks (a tribe of Native Americans). Europeans began to settle the area of Rocky Hill in 1650, as part of Wethersfield, the neighboring town to the north. In 1722, the area became known as Stepney Parish, until it was independently incorporated in 1843. Rocky Hill’s location on the Connecticut River made it a natural port for Wethersfield and an early center for shipbuilding, agriculture, and trade.

Rocky Hill is a typical bedroom community, as many residents commute to work in the larger urban centers of Hartford to the north and New Haven to the south.

Rocky Hill is the home to the Dinosaur State Park.  Rocky Hill also was once the headquarters of Ames Department Stores, which ceased business operations in 2002.

Dinosaur State Park and Arboretum
Dinosaur State Park and Arboretum is a state-owned natural history preserve occupying 80 acres (32 ha) in the town of Rocky Hill, Connecticut. The state park protects one of the largest dinosaur track sites in North America. The park was created in recognition of fossil trackways embedded in sandstone from the beginning of the Jurassic period, about 200 million years ago. The facility is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.
Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco
Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco  is a United States Coast Guard Air Station located 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown San Francisco, California, at the San Francisco International Airport in an unincorporated area of San Mateo County. The air station sits adjacent to the airport with a limited use helicopter pad.

San Francisco International Airport
San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is the primary international airport serving the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. Owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco, the airport has a San Francisco mailing address and ZIP Code, although it is situated in an unincorporated area of neighboring San Mateo County, approximately 12 miles (19 km; 10 nmi) southeast of  San Francisco.

SFO is the largest airport in the Bay Area and the second-busiest in California, following Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). In 2025, it ranked as the 13th-busiest airport in the United States and the 31th-busiest in the world by passenger traffic. It is a hub for United Airlines, acting as the airline's primary transpacific gateway and as a major maintenance facility. Additionally, SFO functions as a hub for Alaska Airlines.
Western Apache people
The Western Apache are an Indigenous people of North America, and a subgroup of Apache peoples. They live primarily in east central Arizona, in the United States and north of Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua.

Most live within reservations in Arizona. The Fort Apache Indian Reservation, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Yavapai-Apache Nation, Tonto Apache Reservation, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation are home to the majority of Western Apache and are the bases of their federally recognized tribes.

The Western Apache bands call themselves Ndee (Indé), meaning 'The People' in the Western Apache language. Because of dialectical differences, the Pinaleño/Pinal and Arivaipa/Aravaipa bands of the San Carlos Apache pronounce the word as Innee or Nnēē:.

Fort Apache Indian Reservation
The Fort Apache Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in Arizona, United States, encompassing parts of Navajo, Gila, and Apache counties. It is home to the federally recognized White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation (Western Apache language: Dził Łigai Si'án N'dee), a Western Apache tribe. It has a land area of 1.6 million acres and a population of 12,429 people as of the 2000 census. The largest community is in Whiteriver.
Gretna Historic District
Gretna Historic District is a historic district in downtown Gretna, Louisiana, United States, roughly bounded by 1st Street, Amelia Street, 9th Street, Gulf Drive, 4th Street and Huey P. Long Avenue.

The 130-acre (53 ha) area comprises a total of 737 buildings and structures, of which 553 are considered contributing properties, and 4 are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as individual properties. Building dates vary from c.1845 to 1935 and are mostly creole cottages, shotgun houses, bungalows and corner commercial buildings. Styles vary from the Greek Revival and Italianate of 1845-1879 structures, to the Italianate, Eastlake and Colonial Revival of the 1880-1910 buildings, to the Colonial Revival, 20th century eclectic and bungalow style.

The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1985.

David Crockett Fire Hall and Pumper
The David Crockett Fire Hall and Pumper, at 205 Lafayette St. in Gretna, Louisiana, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  The fire station was built in 1859. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, which was later modified.

The firehouse is part of Gretna Historical Society Museum. It is also a contributing property of the Gretna Historic District.