hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pruning (morphology)
The pruning algorithm is a technique used in digital image processing based on mathematical morphology. It is used as a complement to the skeleton and thinning algorithms to remove unwanted parasitic components (spurs). In this case 'parasitic' components refer to branches of a line which are not key to the overall shape of the line and should be removed. These components can often be created by edge detection algorithms or digitization. Common uses for pruning include automatic recognition of hand-printed characters. Often inconsistency in letter writing creates unwanted spurs that need to be eliminated for better characterization.

Mathematical morphology
Mathematical morphology (MM) is a theory and technique for the analysis and processing of geometrical structures, based on set theory, lattice theory, topology, and random functions. MM is most commonly applied to digital images, but it can be employed as well on graphs, surface meshes, solids, and many other spatial structures.

Topological and geometrical continuous-space concepts such as size, shape, convexity, connectivity, and geodesic distance, were introduced by MM on both continuous and discrete spaces. MM is also the foundation of morphological image processing, which consists of a set of operators that transform images according to the above characterizations.

The basic morphological operators are erosion, dilation, opening and closing.

MM was originally developed for binary images, and was later extended to grayscale functions and images. The subsequent generalization to complete lattices is widely accepted today as MM's theoretical foundation.
Karai (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
Oroku Karai is a fictional supporting character appearing in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics and related media. She is usually a high-rank member of the Foot Clan outlaw ninja organization. She was introduced in Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird's comic book series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles in 1992. Since then, she has appeared in several different Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics, television series, films, and video games. She is depicted as Shredder's second-in-command or adopted daughter in most versions and shares a rivalry with Leonardo and is at times considered his love interest. In one version of the comics, she is the granddaughter of Shredder, while in the 2012 series, she is Hamato Miwa, the only child of Hamato Yoshi / Splinter and the late Tang Shen.

Splinter (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
Splinter, often referred to as Master Splinter or Sensei by his students/sons, is a fictional character from Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics and all related media. A mutant rat, he is the grave and stoic sage of the Turtles, their ninjutsu and martial arts instructor, and their adoptive father. The character was originally a parody of the Marvel Comics character Stick.
Cibitung railway station
Cibitung Station (CIT) is a railway station located in Wanasari, Cibitung, Bekasi Regency. The station, which is located at an altitude of +19 meters, is included in the Operation Area I Jakarta.

This station is located a little bit far from the Bekasi Regency–Karawang Regency main road which was decommissioned in 2011. Previously the station was small, 1.5 × 1.5 meters wide and only functions as a ticket sales counter. The station platform is low and short. The station building was then enlarged to meet the extension of the KRL Commuterline blue line towards Cikarang.

The station is quite busy because it is located near housing complexes.

Cikarang railway station
Cikarang Station (CKR) is a railway station located at Karangasih, North Cikarang, West Java in Indonesia, serving the town of Cikarang. Previously the station was only served by regional train services between West Java and Jakarta. It is included in the service area of Jakarta metro commuter rail since October 2017.

At present the station serves as the terminal stop for Jakarta metro commuter rail Blue Line. Regional train services such as Jatiluhur (runs between these station and Cikampek) and Walahar Express (Cikarang to Purwakarta) continue to serve this station. On the other hand, Manggarai–Cikarang doubled-double track (DDT) project was expected to be completed in 2020. Cikarang Station is located east of Cikarang river. A market also stands behind the station building.
Direct estoppel
The doctrine of direct estoppel prevents a party to litigation from relitigating an issue that was decided against that party. Direct estoppel and collateral estoppel are part of the larger doctrine of issue preclusion. Issue preclusion means that a party cannot litigate the same issue in a subsequent action. Issue preclusion means that a party in a previous proceeding cannot litigate an identical issue that was adjudicated and had the judgment as an integral part of the overall issue.

Collateral estoppel
Collateral estoppel (CE), known in modern terminology as issue preclusion, is a common law estoppel doctrine that prevents a person from relitigating an issue. One summary is that, "once a court has decided an issue of fact or law necessary to its judgment, that decision ... preclude[s] relitigation of the issue in a suit on a different cause of action involving a party to the first case". The rationale behind issue preclusion is the prevention of legal harassment and the prevention of overuse or abuse of judicial resources.
Frame (networking)
A frame is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunications. In packet switched systems, a frame is a simple container for a single network packet. In other telecommunications systems, a frame is a repeating structure supporting time-division multiplexing.

A frame typically includes frame synchronization features consisting of a sequence of bits or symbols that indicate to the receiver the beginning and end of the payload data within the stream of symbols or bits it receives. If a receiver is connected to the system during frame transmission, it ignores the data until it detects a new frame synchronization sequence.

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.
LG
LG Corporation (or LG Group), formerly known as Lucky-Goldstar, is a South Korean multinational conglomerate founded by Koo In-hwoi in 1947 and managed by successive generations of his family. Headquartered in the LG Twin Towers building in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District, in Seoul, it was the sixth-largest company in South Korea by revenue in 2023. LG develops, manufactures, and markets electronics, chemicals, household appliances, and telecommunications products. It operates subsidiaries in over 80 countries, including LG Electronics, Zenith, LG Display, LG Uplus, LG Innotek, LG Chem, LG Energy Solution, and LG AI Research.

LG Uplus
LG Uplus Corp. (Korean: LG유플러스; stylized as LG U+, KRX: 032640) is a South Korean mobile network operator owned by LG Corporation. It was formerly known as LG Telecom, but changed to its current name on July 1, 2010. LG Uplus is the second-largest wireless carrier in South Korea, with 18.411 million subscribers as of Q4 2023.

The carrier adopted its current name after the July 2010 merger with another two LG telecommunication subsidiaries, Dacom and Powercom.
LG U+ offers a variety of mobile services. GeForce Now distributes by U+ 5G in South Korea, and MusicON was discontinued music service for Feature Phones. Kakaonavi recently partnered with LG U+.
2023 A-League Men Grand Final
The 2023 A-League Men Grand Final was the 18th A-League Men Grand Final, the championship-deciding match of the Australian A-League Men, and the culmination of the 2022–23 season. The match was played on 3 June 2023 at CommBank Stadium in Parramatta between Melbourne City and Central Coast Mariners.

2022–23 A-League Men
The 2022–23 A-League Men, known as the Isuzu UTE A-League for sponsorship reasons, was the 46th season of national level men's soccer in Australia, and the 18th since the establishment of the competition as the A-League in 2004.

The regular season commenced on 7 October 2022. The season featured a mid-season break from 18 November 2022 to 8 December 2022 due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup being held in Qatar.

Melbourne City were the defending premiers and Western United were the defending champions. Melbourne City successfully defended their title, winning their third premiership in a row with two games remaining. Central Coast Mariners won their second championship, defeating Melbourne City 6–1 in the Grand Final.

This season was the first A-League Men season since 2013–14 to record an increase in average attendance compared to the previous season.
Women's European Volleyball League
The Women's European Volleyball League is a continental volleyball competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). Created in 2009, the competition served as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB World Grand Prix (until 2016) and its successor the FIVB Challenger Cup since 2018.

This event should not be confused with the other, more prestigious, continental competition for European national volleyball teams, the European Volleyball Championship.

Women's European Volleyball Championship
The Women's European Volleyball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Turkey, which won its first title at the 2023 tournament.
United Kingdom Accreditation Forum
The United Kingdom Accreditering Forum (UKAF), founded in June 1998 by a group of leading healthcare accreditation organisations, is a London-based network of healthcare accreditation organisations formed with the intention of sharing experience regarding good practice in accreditation, as well as sharing new ideas around improving the methodology for such programmes. It has an additional role in working to ensure that the general public develop a clearer idea about accreditation, its function, its implications and its execution.

The aim of UKAF is to provide an effective network of organisations which operate or have a practical interest in developing standards-based assessment and accreditation programmes in healthcare.

The group meets quarterly, and is self-funding through annual organisational membership subscriptions.

Hospital accreditation
Hospital accreditation has been defined as “A self-assessment and external peer assessment process used by health care organizations to accurately assess their level of performance in relation to established standards and to implement ways to continuously improve”. Critically, accreditation is not just about standard-setting: there are analytical, counseling and self-improvement dimensions to the process.  There are parallel issues in evidence-based medicine, quality assurance and medical ethics (see below), and the reduction of medical error is a key role of the accreditation process. Hospital accreditation is therefore one component in the maintenance of patient safety. However, there is limited and contested evidence supporting the effectiveness of accreditation programs.
Ranjit Cheema
Ranjit "Ranj" Singh Cheema (1968 – 2 May 2012) was a Vancouver-based Punjabi-Canadian gangster, Drug kingpin and longtime under-world Crime boss alongside his Punjabi Mafia Co-boss Bindy Johal and later alongside the Buttar brothers and Tejinder “Tee” Malli. He was involved in organized crime for over two-decades in Vancouver and internationally as well as  cocaine trafficking.

Bindy Johal
Bhupinder "Bindy" Singh Johal (January 14, 1971 – December 20, 1998) was an Indo-Canadian gangster from Vancouver, British Columbia. A self-confessed drug kingpin, he was known for his outspoken nature, blatant disregard for authority and his longtime rivalry with his former Punjabi Mafia Bosses turned rivals; Robbie Kandola and the Dosanjh Brothers, who led a rival Punjabi Mafia faction, while Johal controlled his own faction alongside international Drug lord Ranjit Cheema. On December 20, 1998, Johal was fatally shot in the back of the head at a crowded nightclub in Vancouver.
2013 Mr. Olympia
The 2013 Mr. Olympia contest 
was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition  held September 27–28, 2013, at the Orleans Arena at The Orleans Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada. It was the 49th Mr. Olympia competition held. Other events at the exhibition included the 212 Olympia Showdown, Ms. Olympia, Fitness Olympia, Figure Olympia, Bikini Olympia, Women's Physique Showdown, and Men's Physique Showdown contests.

2013 Ms. Olympia
The 2013 Ms. Olympia contest is an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition and part of Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend 2013
to be held on September 27, 2013, at the South Hall in the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada and in the Orleans Arena at The Orleans Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada. It was the 34th Ms. Olympia competition held. Other events at the exhibition include the 212 Olympia Showdown, Mr. Olympia, Fitness Olympia, Figure Olympia, Bikini Olympia, Women's Physique Showdown, and Men's Physique Showdown contests.
Hebei Provincial People's Government
The Hebei Provincial People's Government is the local administrative agency of Hebei. It is officially elected by the Hebei Provincial People's Congress and is formally responsible to the Hebei Provincial People's Congress and its Standing Committee. Under the country's one-party system, the governor is subordinate to the secretary of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The Provincial government is headed by a governor, currently Wang Zhengpu.

Governor of Hebei
The governor of Hebei, officially the Governor of the Hebei Provincial People's Government, is the head of Hebei Province and leader of the Hebei Provincial People's Government.

The governor is elected by the Hebei Provincial People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The governor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the provincial government. The governor is assisted by an executive vice governor as well as several vice governors. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The governor is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Hebei Committee. The current governor is Wang Zhengpu, who took office on 21 October 2021.
Crockett Creek
Crockett Creek is a stream in Clay County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Fishing River.

Crockett Creek has the name of David Crockett, a local settler and relative of Davy Crockett.

Fishing River
The Fishing River is a 39.0-mile-long (62.8 km) tributary of the Missouri River in western Missouri in the United States. It rises in the northeastern extremity of Kansas City in Clay County and flows generally eastward and southeasterly through Clay and southwestern Ray counties, past the town of Mosby. It joins the Missouri River about 3 miles (5 km) south of the town of Orrick.

Downstream of Mosby, it collects the East Fork Fishing River, which rises at the town of Lawson and flows 20.6 miles (33.2 km) generally southward through Ray and Clay counties, through the resort community of Crystal Lake and past the town of Excelsior Springs.

Fishing River was named for the fact it contained an abundance of fish.

In 1808, William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition established Fort Osage along the Missouri near the mouth of the Fishing River.  The fort became a center of trade among European settlers and Native Americans in the region.
Whitehaven railway station
Whitehaven railway station serves the coastal town of Whitehaven, in Cumbria, England. It is a stop on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Barrow-in-Furness railway station
Barrow-in-Furness (formerly Barrow Pier, Barrow Strand and Barrow Central) is a railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line and Furness Line, 85+1⁄2 miles (138 km) south-west of Carlisle and 34+3⁄4 miles (56 km) north-west of Lancaster, in the town of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
Spanish crisis of 1917
The crisis of 1917 is the name that Spanish historians have given to the series of events that took place in the summer of 1917 in Spain. In particular, three simultaneous challenges threatened the government and the system of the Restoration: a military movement (the Juntas de Defensa), a political movement (the Parliamentary Assembly, organized by the Regionalist League of Catalonia in Barcelona) and a social movement (a general strike). These events coincided with a number of critical international events that same year. However, in world history this period is not typically referred to as a crisis, and the term is instead reserved for specific issues relating to World War I, such as the conscription crisis in Canada and the crisis of naval construction in the United States. Spain remained neutral throughout the conflict.

1917 Spanish general strike
The 1917 Spanish general strike, or revolutionary general strike of 1917, took place in Spain in August 1917. It was called by the General Union of Workers (UGT) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), and in some places it was supported by the National Confederation of Labor (CNT). The general strike took place in the historical context of the Crisis of 1917, during the reign of Alfonso XIII and the government of Eduardo Dato.
Ontario Highway 130
King's Highway 130, commonly known as Highway 130, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. It begins at a junction with Highway 61 and travels 15.4 km (9.6 mi) north-west to the Trans-Canada Highway, Highway 11 and Highway 17, west of Thunder Bay. Highway 130 is a short connecting highway, and passes entirely through the outskirts of Thunder Bay, connecting several minor communities and providing a shortcut for traffic travelling from the south to the west or vice versa. The speed limit along the highway is 80 km/h (50 mph); it is patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police.

Highway 130 has retained most of its current route since the mid-1970s, but was longer prior to then, when it extended north of Arthur Street to Oliver Road and then along that road into downtown Thunder Bay, ending at what is now Water Street. The route was originally designated in late 1955.

Ontario Highway 61
King's Highway 61, commonly referred to as Highway 61 and historically known as the Scott Highway, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 61-kilometre (38 mi) route connects the Pigeon River Bridge, where it crosses into the United States and becomes Minnesota State Highway 61, with a junction at Highway 11, Highway 17 and the Harbour Expressway in Thunder Bay. The highway forms part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour.

Highway 61 was added to the highway system on October 6, 1937, following the amalgamation of the Department of Northern Development into the Department of Highways. Prior to that it was known as the Scott Highway. The bridge over the Pigeon River was originally known as The Outlaw, as it was constructed without formal approval of the Canadian or American governments.
East Los Angeles Interchange
The East Los Angeles Interchange is an interchange complex located in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Downtown Los Angeles. With its southern portion handling over 550,000 vehicles per day (2008 AADT), it is the busiest freeway interchange in the world. The northern portion, called the San Bernardino Split, is often considered a separate interchange. Four numbered routes converge at the interchange: Interstate 5 (I-5), I-10, U.S. Route 101 (US 101), and State Route 60 (SR 60), but the freeway segments shift alignments and directions.

The interchange was named the Eugene A. Obregon Memorial Interchange to honor U.S. Marine Corps member and Medal of Honor recipient Eugene A. Obregon.

Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
Boyle Heights is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, located east of the Los Angeles River. It is one of the city's most notable and historic Chicano/Mexican American communities, and is home to cultural landmarks like Mariachi Plaza and events like the annual Día de los Muertos celebrations.
The Tom & Jerry Show (1975 TV series)
The Tom & Jerry Show is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions in association with MGM Television. Based on the Tom and Jerry theatrical cartoon series, which was created by H-B co-founders and former MGM cartoon studio staff William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, the show originally aired on ABC from September 6 to December 13, 1975 (for a total of 16 episodes) as the first half-hour of The Tom & Jerry/Grape Ape/Mumbly Show, with The Great Grape Ape Show representing the series' second half-hour and The Mumbly Cartoon Show representing the series' third half-hour. This series marked the first time that Tom and Jerry appeared in animated installments produced specifically for television.

The Great Grape Ape Show
The Great Grape Ape Show is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on ABC from September 6 to December 13, 1975, for 16 episodes. ABC continued to air it in reruns until 1978.
Matadero Creek
Matadero Creek is a stream originating in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The creek flows in a northeasterly direction for 8 miles (13 km) until it enters the Palo Alto Flood Basin, where it joins Adobe Creek in the Palo Alto Baylands at the north end of the Mayfield Slough, just before its culmination in southwest San Francisco Bay. Matadero Creek begins in the city of Los Altos Hills, then traverses the Stanford University lands and Palo Alto.

Adobe Creek (Santa Clara County)
Adobe Creek [əˈdoʊbiː], historically San Antonio Creek, is a 14.2-mile-long (22.9 km) northward-flowing stream originating on Black Mountain in the Santa Cruz Mountains. It courses through the cities of Los Altos Hills, Los Altos, and Palo Alto on its way to the Palo Alto Flood Basin and thence to southwestern San Francisco Bay in Santa Clara County, California, United States. Historically, Adobe Creek was a perennial stream and hosted runs of steelhead trout entering from the Bay, but these salmonids are now blocked by numerous flood control structures, including a tidal gate at the creek's mouth and a long concretized rectangular channel culminating in an impassable drop structure at El Camino Real. The co-founders of Adobe Systems both lived on Adobe Creek.