hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Bowman (countertenor)
James Thomas Bowman CBE (6 November 1941 – 27 March 2023) was an English countertenor. His career spanned opera, oratorio, contemporary music and solo recitals. Arguably, he was, after Alfred Deller, the most important countertenor in the 20th century revival of the voice part. He combined early and baroque repertoires with contemporary work, becoming recognised for his portrayal of Oberon in Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream and performing world premieres.

Alfred Deller
Alfred George Deller, CBE (31 May 1912 – 16 July 1979), was an English singer and one of the main figures in popularising the return of the countertenor voice in Renaissance and Baroque music during the 20th century.

He is sometimes referred to as the "godfather of the countertenor". His style in singing lute song, with extensive use of rubato and extemporised ornamentation, was seen as radical and controversial in his day but is now considered the norm.

Deller was an influential figure in the renaissance of early music: an early proponent of "original instrument performance" and one of the first to bring this form to the popular consciousness through his broadcasts on the BBC. He also founded the Stour Music Festival in 1962, one of the first and most important early music festivals in the world.
George Witton
George Ramsdale Witton (28 June 1874 – 14 August 1942) was a lieutenant in the Bushveldt Carbineers in the Boer War in South Africa. He was sentenced to death for murder after the shooting of nine Boer prisoners. He was subsequently reprieved by Lieutenant-General Viscount Kitchener on the grounds that he was following the orders of his colleagues. However, Lieutenants Peter Handcock and Harry "Breaker" Morant, who were court martialled with him, were both executed by firing squad on 27 February 1902.

Peter Handcock
Peter Joseph Handcock (17 February 1868 – 27 February 1902) was an Australian-born veterinary lieutenant and convicted war criminal who served in the Bushveldt Carbineers during the Boer War in South Africa.

After a court martial, Handcock (along with Harry "Breaker" Morant) was convicted and executed for the murders of nine Boer POWs and three other civilians.

His execution, "which had been carried out without the knowledge and consent of the Australian government", was and remains a controversial issue in Australia.
Diadinoxanthin
Diadinoxanthin is a pigment found in phytoplankton. It has the formula C40H54O3. It gives rise to the xanthophylls diatoxanthin and dinoxanthin.

Diadinoxanthin is a plastid pigment. Plastid pigments include chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, heteroxanthin, diatoxanthin, and diadinoxanthin.

Diadinoxanthin is a carotenoid. It is found in diatoms, along with other carotenoids like fucoxanthin and beta-carotene. Diatoms are referred to as golden-brown microalgae because of the color of their plastids and because the carotenoids mask chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-c.

Diadinoxanthin is a xanthophyll. Xanthophyll pigments are photoprotective pigments that help protect cells from harmful effects of too much light energy (light saturation). It is present in cells along with diatoxanthin (another xanthophyll). Diadinoxanthin is stockpiled in the cell to become available when needed. Thus it is the inactive precursor of diatoxanthin, which is the active energy dissipator.

Xanthophyll
Xanthophylls (originally phylloxanthins) are yellow pigments that occur widely in nature and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. The name is from Greek: xanthos (ξανθός), meaning "yellow", and phyllon (φύλλον), meaning "leaf"), due to their formation of the yellow band seen in early chromatography of leaf pigments.
Huhanye
Huhanye (Chinese: 呼韓邪), born Jihoushan (Chinese: 稽侯狦), was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, the son of Xulüquanqu Chanyu. He rebelled in 59 BC with the aid of Wushanmu and Woyanqudi Chanyu soon committed suicide, leaving the Xiongnu torn apart by factional strife. By 55 BC, only Huhanye and his brother Zhizhi Chanyu were left.

Woyanqudi
Woyanqudi (Chinese: 握衍朐鞮), born Tuqitang (Chinese: 屠耆堂), was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. The successor to Xulüquanqu Chanyu, he reigned from 60 to 58 BC.

Woyanqudi was a tyrannical ruler. He killed his predecessor's supporters and dismissed his own kinsfolk. He killed himself in 58 BC and the Xiongnu split into several warring factions. By 55 BC, the two dominant factions were the sons of his predecessor; Huhanye Chanyu and Zhizhi Chanyu.
Sapporo City Transportation Bureau
Sapporo City Transportation Bureau (札幌市交通局, Sapporo-shi Kōtsū-kyoku) is a public organization of transportation in Sapporo, Japan. The organization operates subways and a tram. It was founded in 1927, when the city took private tram lines. The bureau also started to operate bus lines from 1930, subways from 1971. However, from 1990s, the bureau has been suffering from huge deficits. It handed over its bus lines to a private operator in 2004. The bureau introduced a smart card called SAPICA on January 30, 2009.

Sapporo Streetcar
The Sapporo Streetcar (札幌市電, Sapporo shiden) is a tram loop located in Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is operated by the Sapporo City Transportation Bureau. The system is often referred to as simply "shiden" (市電).

The first section of the network opened in 1909 as the "Sapporo Stone Horsecar Railway" (札幌石材馬車鉄道, Sapporo sekizai basha tetsudō); it was electrified in 1918. The city transportation bureau took over the network in 1927. Since 2020, it has been managed by a subsidiary company, Sapporo Transportation Service Promotion Corporation (札幌市交通事業振興公社, Sapporo-shi kōtsū jigyō shinkō kōsha).
Dibrugarh–Kanniyakumari Vivek Express
The 22503 / 22504 Dibrugarh–Kanniyakumari Vivek Superfast Express is a Daily Superfast Express train of the Vivek Express series belonging to Indian Railways and operated by Northeast Frontier Railway which runs from Dibrugarh in India's north eastern state Assam to Kanniyakumari in Tamil Nadu the southernmost state of India via Guwahati, New Jalpaiguri, Malda Town,  Rampurhat, Kharagpur. In 74 hours 35 minutes the train covers a distance of 4,189 kilometres (2,603 mi) and traverses through eight states in India. This train is currently the longest train route in India by both distance and time, as well as the 30th-longest train service in the world. The train has 57 halts across its route.

Dibrugarh railway station
Dibrugarh railway station is a railway junction station on the Lumding–Dibrugarh section. It is rated as an A Category railway station in Northeast Frontier Railway and is located in Dibrugarh, the 3rd largest city in the Indian state of Assam. Dibrugarh railway station (DBRG) is the second railway station of the historic city of Dibrugarh after Dibrugarh Town railway station (DBRT). It is the largest railway station in Northeast India in terms of area covering approx 400 Bighas of Land. Nearest to the India's longest rail-cum-road Bogibeel Bridge which connects Southern Bank to Northern Bank of Assam.
TV1 (Algerian TV channel)
TV1 (in Arabic: الجزائرية الأولى, romanized: al-Jazā’iriyyah al-’Ūlā), formerly Algerian Television (in Arabic: التلفزيون الجزائري) then The Terrestrial Channel (in Arabic: القناة الأرضية), is the first Algerian general public network of Établissement public de télévision (EPTV) formerly Établissement national de télévision (ENTV), along with TV2, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6, TV7, TV8 and  
TV9.

It began broadcasting on 24 December 1956, during the French colonial period in Algeria. It is one of the most important television channels in Algeria, and produces entertainment and variety programs in addition to several Algerian series and films. Its main headquarters are in Algiers.

TV2 (Algerian TV channel)
TV2 (in Arabic: الجزائرية الثانية), formerly Canal Algérie (French pronunciation: [ka.nal' al.ʒe.ʁi]), English for the Algerian channel, is the second Algerian general public national television channel. The channel is part of the EPTV Group which also includes TV1, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6, TV7, TV8 and TV9. The channel broadcasts its programs 24/7 via different platforms and all over the world.
Baggage allowance
On commercial transportation, mostly with airlines, the baggage allowance is the amount of checked baggage or hand/carry-on luggage the company will allow per passenger. There may be limits on the amount that is allowed free of charge and hard limits on the amount that is allowed.

The limits vary per airline and depend on the class, elite status, ticket type, flight origin, and destination. If a flight is booked with another flight, it may also have different limits (e.g., if another flight on the same ticket is a long-haul flight). The exact baggage conditions are mentioned in the ticket information online.

Checked baggage
Checked baggage is luggage delivered to an airline or train for transportation in the hold of an aircraft, storage on a coach bus or baggage car of a passenger train. Checked baggage is inaccessible to the passenger during the flight or ride, as opposed to carry-on baggage.

This baggage is limited by airlines with regard to size, weight, and number, usually dependent upon the fare paid, or class of ticket. Baggage exceeding the limits is regarded as excess baggage.
Nacional de Clubes
The Torneo Nacional de Clubes is a club rugby union competition in Argentina, organised by the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The Nacional de Clubes is the main club competition in Argentine rugby, being contested by the winners of Torneo de la URBA (Buenos Aires Province) and Torneo del Interior (rest of provinces of Argentina), which play a single match final to define the national champion.

In its inaugural season, the tournament was contested by 16 teams, 8 from Buenos Aires and 8 from the rest of the provinces of Argentina. The competition has suffered several changes of rules and number of participants until present days. There was also a second division, "Nacional de Clubes B", with a similar format., held from 1993 to 2018, when the UAR reorganised all its tournaments.

With 11 titles (five of them won consecutively), Hindú is the Nacional de Clubes' most successful team.

Torneo de la URBA
The URBA Top 14 (formerly "Torneo de la URBA") is an Argentine rugby union club competition organised by the Buenos Aires Rugby Union (URBA). It is the top division of the Argentine rugby league system. Created on 10 April 1899 by the "River Plate Rugby Union" (current Argentine Rugby Union – UAR), it is the oldest rugby competition in South America and one of the oldest club competitions in the world.

Top 14 is one of the country's two main club competitions, along with Torneo del Interior, where clubs from the rest of the Provinces of Argentina take part. The championship runs from March to October.

Despite being from the city of Rosario in Santa Fe Province, Atlético del Rosario has taken part in Top 14 as founding member of the UAR. The other clubs from Rosario compete in tournaments organised by the Unión de Rugby de Rosario (URR), the governing body of that region.
Date Harumune
Date Harumune (伊達 晴宗, DAH-tay; 1519 – January 12, 1578) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period. Harumune was the fifteenth head of the Date Clan. He was the father of the sixteenth head, Date Terumune, and the grandfather of Date Masamune, the seventeenth head of the Date Clan.

Date Terumune
Date Terumune (伊達 輝宗, DAH-tay; 1544 – November 29, 1585) was a Japanese samurai clan leader of the Sengoku period. He had close relationship with Oda Nobunaga, one of the leading figures of the period. Terumune was the father of Date Masamune, who succeeded him as clan leader in 1584.
Güiro
The güiro (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡwiɾo]) is a percussion instrument consisting of an open-ended, hollow gourd with parallel notches cut in one side. It is played by rubbing a stick or tines (see photo) along the notches to produce a zipper-like ratchet sound.

The güiro is commonly used in Cuban, Puerto Rican, and other forms of Latin American music, and plays a key role in the typical rhythm section of important genres like son, trova and salsa. Playing the güiro usually requires both long and short sounds, made by scraping up and down in long or short strokes.

The güiro, like the maracas, is often played by a singer. It is closely related to the Cuban guayo, Dominican güira, and Haitian graj which are made of metal. Other instruments similar to the güiro are the Colombian guacharaca, the Brazilian reco-reco, the Cabo Verdean ferrinho, the quijada (cow jawbone) and the frottoir (French) or fwotwa (French Creole) (washboard).

Güira
The güira (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡwiɾa]) is a percussion instrument from the Dominican Republic used in merengue, bachata, and to a lesser extent, other genres such as cumbia. It is made of a metal sheet (commonly steel) and played with a stiff brush, thus being similar to the Haitian graj (a perforated metal cylinder scraped with a stick) and the Cuban guayo (metal scraper) and  güiro (gourd scraper). Güira, guayo and güiro all have a function akin to that of the indigenous native maracas or the trap-kit's hi-hat, namely providing a complementary beat.

Performers on the güira are referred to as güireros and in merengue típico ensembles they often co-lead percussion sections along with tambora-playing tamboreros, due to the significance of their African-derived interlocking rhythms in providing a basic musical foundation for dance.
Senator William V. Roth Jr. Bridge
The Senator William V. Roth Jr. Bridge (originally the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Bridge and also referred to as the Roth Bridge) is a concrete and steel cable-stayed bridge that spans the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal near St. Georges, Delaware. The bridge is located near a tolled section of Delaware Route 1 that runs parallel to the St. Georges Bridge carrying U.S. Route 13.  In November 2006, the bridge was named after U.S. Senator William V. Roth Jr., who not only lent his name to the Roth IRA, but was instrumental in securing federal funding to build the bridge.  It is owned and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and does not carry a toll, despite the location of a nearby toll plaza.

St. Georges Bridge (Delaware)
The St. Georges Bridge is a steel tied arch bridge that carries U.S. Route 13 (US 13) across the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal in St. Georges, Delaware. Built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and opened in 1942 as a high-level crossing, the bridge was the first four-lane, high-level crossing to span the canal. It replaced a previous vertical lift bridge which was damaged when a German merchant ship collided with it.
Anti-cult movement
The anti-cult movement, abbreviated ACM and also known as the countercult movement, consists of various governmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals that seek to raise awareness of religious groups that they consider to be "cults", uncover coercive practices used to attract and retain members, and help those who have become involved with harmful cult practices.

One prominent group within the anti-cult movement, Christian counter-cult organizations, oppose new religious movements (NRMs) on theological grounds, categorizing them as cults, and distribute information to this effect through church networks and via printed literature.

Christian countercult movement
The Christian countercult movement, or the Christian anti-cult movement, is a social movement among certain Protestant evangelical, fundamentalist, Christian ministries ("discernment ministries"), and individual activists who oppose religious sects that they consider cults.
Northern Jê languages
The Northern Jê: 6  or Core Jê languages (Portuguese: Jê Setentrionais) are a branch of the Jê languages constituted by the Timbira dialect continuum (which includes Canela, Krahô, Pykobjê, Krikati, Parkatêjê, and Kỳikatêjê) and a number of languages spoken to the west of the Tocantins River, the Trans-Tocantins languages Apinajé, Mẽbêngôkre, Kĩsêdjê, and Tapayúna. Together with Panará (and its predecessor, Southern Kayapó), they form the Goyaz branch of the Jê family.

The term Northern Jê has been sometimes used to refer to a broader group of languages, which also includes Panará and Southern Kayapó.: 547  In this article, the label Northern Jê is used in the narrow sense (that is, excluding Panará and Southern Kayapó).

Apinayé language
Apinayé or Apinajé (otherwise known as Afotigé, Aogé, Apinagé, Otogé, Oupinagee, Pinagé, Pinaré, Uhitische, Utinsche, and Western Timbira) is a Northern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken in Tocantins, Eastern Central Brazil by some 2277 speakers of Apinajé people according to the most recent census taken by SIASI/SESAI in 2014. There are thirteen villages that speak the Apinayé language. The biggest and oldest villages include São José and Mariazinha; and the smaller villages are Cocalinho, Patizal, Buriti Comprido, Palmeiras, Prata, Cocal Grande, Serrinha, Botica, Riachinho, Bonito and Brejão.  It is a subject–object–verb language.

Ethnologue considers Apinayé "developing," with a rating of 5 on the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS). It can be hypothesized that language transmission is high, since Apinayé was ranked as a threatened language in the past 10 years, but presently it is no longer at that level.
Tony Mokbel
Antonios Sajih Mokbel (Arabic: طوني مقبل; born 11 August 1965) is an Australian criminal who has been convicted of a number of offences, most prominently commercial drug trafficking. He has spent most of his life in Melbourne, Australia. Operation Purana alleged that he is the mastermind behind the Melbourne amphetamine trade. He has been linked to Carl Williams, and charged but not convicted of two murders in the Melbourne gangland war. He disappeared from Melbourne while on trial in March 2006, and was arrested by Greek police in Athens on 5 June 2007. He remained incarcerated until 4 April 2025 when he was bailed in the aftermath of the gangland Lawyer X scandal.

Carl Williams (criminal)
Carl Anthony Williams (13 October 1970 – 19 April 2010) was an Australian convicted murderer and drug trafficker from Melbourne, Victoria. He was a central figure in the Melbourne gangland killings as well as their final victim.

He was sentenced to life imprisonment with a non-parole period of 35 years for ordering the murders of three people and conspiracy to murder a fourth (which was unsuccessful). On 19 April 2010, while incarcerated at HM Prison Barwon, Williams was beaten to death with the stem of an exercise bike by another inmate, Matthew Charles Johnson.

Williams enlisted the help of others willing to perform the contract killings in exchange for large payments of cash. At the time of his death, he was in the maximum-security Acacia unit of HM Prison Barwon near Geelong. Williams would have been 71 before he was eligible for consideration of parole.
Lord Nicholas Gordon-Lennox
Lord Nicholas Charles Gordon-Lennox KCMG KCVO (31 January 1931 – 11 October 2004), the younger son of the 9th Duke of Richmond and his wife, Elizabeth, was a British diplomat, serving as Her Majesty's Ambassador to Spain from 1984 to 1989.

Frederick Gordon-Lennox, 9th Duke of Richmond
Frederick Charles Gordon-Lennox, 9th Duke of Richmond, 9th Duke of Lennox, 9th Duke of Aubigny, 4th Duke of Gordon (5 February 1904 – 2 November 1989), also known as Freddie March and Freddie Richmond, was a British peer, engineer, racing driver, and motor racing promoter who founded the Goodwood Circuit at his Sussex estate.
Steinach (b Rothenburg o. d. Tauber) station
Steinach (b Rothenburg ob der Tauber) station is a station on the Treuchtlingen–Würzburg, Steinach bei Rothenburg–Bad Windsheim and the Steinach bei Rothenburg–Dombühl lines. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station and has five platform tracks. Steinach (b. Rothenburg od T.) is a district of the municipality of Gallmersgarten in the German state of Bavaria. The station is located in the network area of the Greater Nuremberg Transport Association (German: Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg). The station is not barrier-free.

Treuchtlingen–Würzburg railway
The Treuchtlingen–Würzburg railway is a 140 km long main line in the northwest of the German state of Bavaria. It runs from Treuchtlingen in southern Middle Franconia  through Gunzenhausen, Ansbach, Steinach (b Rothenb), Marktbreit and Ochsenfurt to the capital of Lower Franconia, Würzburg. It was opened in three separate sections and is one of the oldest lines in Germany.
Godspeed (ship)
Godspeed was one of the 3 ships on the 1606–1607 voyage to the New World for the English Virginia Company of London which resulted in the founding of Jamestown in the new Colony of Virginia. Captained by Bartholomew Gosnold, she was joined by the Susan Constant and Discovery on the journey.

Susan Constant
Susan Constant (or Sarah Constant) was the largest of three ships of the English Virginia Company on the 1606–1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of Jamestown in the new Colony of Virginia.  Captained by Christopher Newport, she was joined by the Discovery and Godspeed.
Sultan Ezid
Sultan Êzîd (or sometimes Êzî or Siltan Êzîd) is a divine figure in the Yazidi religion. Sultan Êzî is a central figure in Yezidi religious tradition, appearing sometimes as God and sometimes as an angel. He is considered part of the Yezidi Holy Trinity and is occasionally identified with Tawûsî Melek.

The historical origins of Sultan Êzî are unclear. According to Yezidi legend, he (also called Êzda) is the child of Shehîd b. Jerran a houri, with the marriage arranged by Tawûsî Melek. The Yezidis are said to be descendants of this child. Although many scholars consider his name to be derived from that of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I, Yazidis claim him to be a separate figure unconnected to the historical Yazid I.

The Yazidi people and religion are supposedly named after him.

Yazidism
Yazidism, or Yezidism  also known as Sharfadin, is a monotheistic ethnic religion. It developed through a complex historical process involving a pre-Islamic Kurdish religious substratum and the teachings of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir. Scholars generally regard it as an independent religious tradition with deep roots in ancient Iranian beliefs, shaped by later Sufi influences. Its followers, called Yazidis, or Yezidis, are a Kurdish-speaking community.

Yazidism is based on belief in one God who created the world and entrusted its guardianship to seven self-emanated angels. Preeminent among these angels is Tawûsî Melek (lit. 'Peacock Angel'; also spelled Melek Taûs), who is the leader of the angels and has the greatest authority over the world.
Manuel da Câmara
Manuel da Câmara (c. 1504 - 13 March 1578, Lisbon), was the son of Rui Gonçalves da Câmara II and successor to the Donatary-Captaincy of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

Rui Gonçalves da Câmara II
Rui Gonçalves da Câmara (c. 1490 - a 20 October 1535), was the son of João Rodrigues da Câmara and successor to the Donatary-Captaincy of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.