hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NetBoot
NetBoot was a technology from Apple which enabled Macs with capable firmware (i.e. New World ROM) to boot from a network, rather than a local hard disk or optical disc drive. NetBoot is a derived work from the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), and is similar in concept to the Preboot Execution Environment. The technology was announced as a part of the original version of Mac OS X Server at Macworld Expo on 5 January 1999. NetBoot has continued to be a core systems management technology for Apple, and has been adapted to support modern Mac Intel machines. NetBoot, USB, and FireWire are some of the external volume options for operating system re-install. NetBoot is not supported on newer Macs with the T2 security chip or Apple silicon.

Mac OS X Server
Mac OS X Server is a series of discontinued Unix-like server operating systems developed by Apple, based on macOS. It provided server functionality and system administration tools, and tools to manage both macOS-based computers and iOS-based devices, network services such as a mail transfer agent, AFP and SMB servers, an LDAP server, and a domain name server, as well as server applications including a Web server, database, and calendar server.

Starting with OS X Lion, Apple stopped selling a standalone server operating system, instead releasing an add-on Server app marketed as OS X Server (and later macOS Server), which was sold through the Mac App Store. The Server app lacked many features from Mac OS X Server, and later versions of the app only included functionality related to user and group management, Xsan, and mobile device management through profiles. The Server app was discontinued on April 21, 2022, and Apple said that later versions of macOS would drop support for it.
Samuel Butler (schoolmaster)
Samuel Butler FRS (30 January 1774 – 4 December 1839) was an English classical scholar and schoolmaster of Shrewsbury School, and Bishop of Lichfield. His biography was written by his grandson Samuel Butler, the author of the novels Erewhon and The Way of All Flesh.

Samuel Butler (novelist)
Samuel Butler (4 December 1835 – 18 June 1902) was an English novelist and critic, best known for the satirical utopian novel Erewhon (1872) and the semi-autobiographical novel  The Way of All Flesh (published posthumously in 1903 with substantial revisions and published in its original form in 1964 as Ernest Pontifex or The Way of All Flesh). Both novels have remained in print since their initial publication. In other studies he examined Christian orthodoxy, evolutionary thought, and Italian art, and made prose translations of the Iliad and Odyssey that are still consulted.
Stephen Greene (politician)
Stephen Greene (born December 8, 1949) is a Canadian politician and a former independent member of the Senate of Canada. He was appointed on the advice of Stephen Harper to the Senate on January 2, 2009, and sat as a Conservative Senator until May 2017, when Senate Leader Larry Smith removed him for his support for Senate reform proposals put forth by the governing Liberal Party. Greene then decided to sit as an "Independent Reform" Senator. He retired from the Senate on December 8, 2024 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75.

Larry Smith (Canadian politician)
Larry W. Smith, CQ (born April 28, 1951) is a Canadian athlete, businessperson and member of the Senate of Canada. He served as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate from April 2017 until November 2019.
Invershin railway station
Invershin railway station is a railway station in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, 61 miles 34 chains (98.9 km) from Inverness, between Culrain and Lairg. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

Culrain railway station
Culrain railway station serves the village of Culrain in  Kyle of Sutherland in the Highland council area of Scotland. It is located on the Far North Line. It is 61 miles 0 chains (98.2 km) from Inverness, between Ardgay and Invershin. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.
AHDB Potatoes
AHDB Potatoes, previously known as the Potato Council, is a trade organisation focusing on the promotion of the potato industry in Great Britain. Previously an independent non-departmental public body, it has been a division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board since 1 April 2008.

AHDB Potatoes' grower levy is £42.62 per hectare, and the purchaser levy is £0.1858 per tonne. Its main base is at Stoneleigh Park in Warwickshire, and there is a Scottish office in Newbridge in Midlothian and an experimental station (SBEU) in Sutton Bridge in Lincolnshire.

Its publication is the Potato Weekly, which mainly lists current prices of potatoes per tonne. It visits agricultural shows.

Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) is a statutory levy board and an executive non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra). Funded primarily by a compulsory levy on farmers, growers, and others in the supply chain, the AHDB aims to improve farm business efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness through research and development, market intelligence, and export development.

Historically, the AHDB operated across six divisions. However, following a significant period of industry friction in 2021, the organization underwent a major contraction. Following democratic ballots, the statutory levies for the Horticulture and Potato sectors were abolished in April 2022.

As of 2025, the AHDB provides statutory services to four remaining sectors.
Melvin Odoom
Melvin Kuuku Odoom (born 30 July 1980) is a British radio DJ and television presenter. Alongside Rickie Haywood-Williams and Charlie Hedges, he presented the Kiss FM breakfast show (2009–2018) and since then, on BBC Radio 1 (2019–present). In television, he has been involved in presenting Dick & Dom in da Bungalow (2002–2006), Basil's Swap Shop (2008), the BRIT Awards 2010 and Must Be the Music (2010), The Xtra Factor (2015), Bang on the Money (2016), and MOBO Awards 2016, as well as being a regular guest celebrity on many television shows. He was also a contestant on Strictly Come Dancing in 2016 and I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2024.

Kiss (UK radio station)
Kiss is a British digital radio station owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Kiss Network. Kiss broadcasts nationally to the UK via DAB digital radio, as well as on Bauer's Rayo platform.

The station started in 1985 as a pirate radio station, Kiss FM, before becoming the UK's first legal black and dance music specialist radio station in 1990 as Kiss 100, broadcasting in London on 100.0 FM. Kiss became a digital-only station in 2024 when its FM frequencies in London, Norfolk and the west of England were taken over by Hits Radio.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 1.283 million as of October 2025.
Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade
The Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade (Arabic: لواء عمر بن الخطاب, romanized: Liwa Omar ibn al-Khattab) is a Syrian rebel faction operating in the southern sector of the Quneitra Governorate within the broader Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army. Centered around the town of Beit Jinn, the group engaged in coordinated operations alongside other western Daraa‑Quneitra factions during the civil war. This group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Saif al-Sham Brigade, Jaydour Horan Brigade, Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Jaysh al-Ababil, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Ahrar Gathering and others.

Al-Ahrar Gathering
Al-Ahrar Gathering was a Free Syrian Army faction based in Quneitra Governorate. This group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Saif al-Sham Brigade, Jaydour Horan Brigade, Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Jaysh al-Ababil and others.
Parker's Notch
69°54′14″N 112°38′24″W﻿ / ﻿69.90389°N 112.64000°W﻿ / 69.90389; -112.64000

Parker's Notch, named after former Commissioner of the Northwest Territories, John Havelock Parker, is a protrusion of the Northwest Territories southwards into Nunavut on Victoria Island. In the Northwest Territories the protrusion is part of the Inuvik Region and the Kitikmeot Region in Nunavut.

Victoria Island
Victoria Island (Inuinnaqtun: Kitlineq) is a large island in the Arctic Archipelago that straddles the boundary between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada. It is the eighth-largest island in the world, and at 217,291 km2 (83,897 sq mi)1 in area, it is Canada's second-largest island. It is nearly double the size of Newfoundland (111,390 km2 [43,010 sq mi]), and is slightly larger than the island of Great Britain (209,331 km2 [80,823 sq mi]) but smaller than Honshu (225,800 km2 [87,200 sq mi]). The western third of the island lies in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories; the remainder is part of Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region. The population of 2,168 is divided between two settlements, the larger of which is Cambridge Bay (Nunavut) and the other Ulukhaktok (Northwest Territories).

The island is named after Queen Victoria, the British sovereign from 1837 to 1901. The features bearing the name "Prince Albert" are named after her consort, Albert.
Spinous cell
Spinous cells, or prickle cells, are keratin producing epidermal cells owing their prickly appearance to their numerous intracellular connections. They make up the stratum spinosum (prickly layer) of the epidermis and provide a continuous net-like layer of protection for underlying tissue.  They are susceptible to mutations caused by sunlight and can become malignant.

Stratum spinosum
The stratum spinosum (or spinous layer/prickle cell layer) is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. This layer is composed of polyhedral keratinocytes. These are joined with desmosomes. Their spiny (Latin, spinosum) appearance is due to shrinking of the microfilaments between desmosomes that occurs when stained with H&E. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum, although the actual keratinocytes begin in the stratum basale. They have large pale-staining nuclei as they are active in synthesizing fibrillar proteins, known as cytokeratin, which build up within the cells aggregating together forming tonofibrils. The tonofibrils go on to form the desmosomes, which allow for strong connections to form between adjacent keratinocytes. The stratum spinosum also contains Langerhans cells, which functions as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria, foreign particles, and damaged cells that occur in this layer.
Amalgamated Engineering Union
The Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) was a major British trade union. It merged with the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union to form the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union in 1992.

Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union
The Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union, known as the EETPU, was a British trade union formed in 1968 as a union for electricians and plumbers, which went through three mergers from 1992 to now be part of Unite the Union.
Ligature (writing)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. Examples are the characters ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ used in English and French, in which the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the first ligature and the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the second ligature. For stylistic and legibility reasons, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨i⟩ are often merged to create ⟨ﬁ⟩ (where the tittle on the ⟨i⟩ merges with the hood of the ⟨f⟩); the same is true of ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ to create ⟨ﬆ⟩. The common ampersand, ⟨&⟩, developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨t⟩ (spelling et, Latin for 'and') were combined.

Glyph
A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language. (That 'element' is called a grapheme –  the conceptual abstraction of some letter, number or symbol, which is independent of the glyph designed to represent it in a particular font.)
Old Welsh
Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg) is the stage of the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh. The preceding period, from the time Welsh became distinct from Common Brittonic around 550, has been called "Primitive" or "Archaic Welsh".

Middle Welsh
Middle Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg Canol, Middle Welsh: Kymraec) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed directly from Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg).
Midland–Odessa
Midland–Odessa is a metropolitan area located on the Texas High Plains about half-way between El Paso and Fort Worth, Texas. This combined statistical area (CSA) is made up of two metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs - Midland and Odessa) and one micropolitan statistical area (Andrews Micropolitan Statistical Area), and comprises four counties: Andrews, Ector, Martin, and Midland Counties. The Midland–Odessa area is informally known as the Petroplex and Midessa.

In the past, the cities of Midland and Odessa experienced a civic rivalry of bitter competition and political intrigue.  Since the early 1990s, the nature of the rivalry has changed into one of friendly competition and economic cooperation.  The Midland–Odessa area today is marketed as "Two Cities, no Limits".

Odessa metropolitan area, Texas
The Odessa metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of one county, Ector, in West Texas, anchored by the city of Odessa. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 165,171.

The Odessa metropolitan area is also a component of the Midland–Odessa–Andrews Combined Statistical Area, which covers four counties (Midland, Ector, Andrews, and Martin) with a population of 365,590 as of 2023.
Tarcisio Bertone
Tarcisio Pietro Evasio Bertone SDB (born 2 December 1934) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and a Vatican diplomat. A cardinal since 2003, he served as Archbishop of Vercelli from 1991 to 1995, as Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Archbishop of Genoa from 2002 to 2006, and as Cardinal Secretary of State from 2006 to 2013. On 10 May 2008, he was named Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati.

Bertone served as Camerlengo from 2007 to 2014. In the period between Pope Benedict XVI's resignation on 28 February 2013 and the election of Pope Francis on 13 March 2013, he served temporarily as the administrator of the Holy See and acting head of state of the Vatican City State. He was considered a contender to succeed Benedict XVI.

Besides his native Italian, Bertone speaks fluent French, Spanish, German and Portuguese. He has some knowledge of English, although he is not fluent, and he can read Polish, Latin, Greek and Hebrew.

Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (pl. Camerlenghi) is an office of the papal household that administers the property and revenues of the Holy See. Formerly, his responsibilities included the fiscal administration of the Patrimony of Saint Peter. As regulated in the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus of 1988, the camerlengo is always a cardinal, though this was not the case prior to the 15th century. His heraldic arms are ornamented with two keys – one gold, one silver – in saltire, surmounted by an ombrellino, a canopy or umbrella of alternating red and yellow stripes. These also form part of the coat of arms of the Holy See during a papal interregnum (sede vacante). The camerlengo has been Kevin Farrell since his appointment by Pope Francis on 14 February 2019. The vice camerlengo has been Archbishop Ilson de Jesus Montanari since 1 May 2020.
Stephan Körner
Stephan Körner, FBA (Austrian German: [ˈkœrnɐ]; 26 September 1913 – 17 August 2000) was a British philosopher, who specialised in the work of Kant, the study of concepts, and in the philosophy of mathematics.

Born to a Jewish family in what would soon become Czechoslovakia, Körner left that country to avoid certain death at the hands of the Nazis after the German occupation in 1939, and came to the United Kingdom as a refugee, where he began his study of philosophy; by 1952 he was a professor of philosophy at the University of Bristol, taking up a second professorship at Yale in 1970. He was married to Edith Körner, and was the father of the mathematician Thomas Körner and the biochemist, writer and translator Ann M. Körner.

Edith Körner
Edith Körner, CBE (10 July 1921 – 17 August 2000) was a British magistrate and reformer of the National Health Service. She was the wife of the philosopher Stephan Körner and mother of the mathematician Thomas Körner and the biochemist, writer and translator Ann M. Körner.
Alice Klein
Alice Klein is the co-founder and former owner of Toronto's longest-running free alternative newsweekly, NOW Magazine. In 1981, Klein co-founded NOW with Michael Hollett and several others. It is now one of the largest independent media organizations in Canada.

Klein is also on the Board of the Toronto Arts Council, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, Centre for Social Innovation and is a founding Green Enterprise Toronto (GET) member.

Michael Hollett
Michael Hollett, born 1955, is the founder and president of North by Northeast (NXNE) music festival which happens every June in Toronto since 1995. Hollett is also founder of the print and online arts magazine, NEXT, available online at nextmag.ca since December, 2020. Hollett is co-founder of Toronto's longest-running free alternative newsweekly, Now Magazine.  He was editor and publisher of Now from 1981 to 2016.
Atkinson County, Georgia
Atkinson County is a county located in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 8,286. The county seat is Pearson. The county was formed in 1917 from parts of Coffee and Clinch counties. It is named for William Yates Atkinson, Democratic governor of Georgia from 1894 to 1898. In 2003, it had the highest illiteracy rate of any U.S. county at 36%.

Clinch County, Georgia
Clinch County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,749. The county seat is Homerville. The county was created on February 14, 1850, named in honor of Duncan Lamont Clinch.
Delta Cafe
Delta Cafe is a Southern, cajun, and soul food restaurant in the Woodstock neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. Anastasia Corya and Anton Pace opened the restaurant in 1995. They sold Delta in 2007 to open another Southern restaurant, Miss Delta, with two of the cafe's cooks. Frequented by Reed College students and neighborhood residents, Delta Cafe has been recognized as a favorite local comfort food destination. The cafe also has a cocktail bar called Delta Lounge. In 2016, a mural was painted on the restaurant's exterior as part of a neighborhood beautification project.

Miss Delta
Miss Delta is a Southern restaurant in Portland, Oregon, United States. Anastasia Corya and Anton Pace opened the restaurant in 2007, and later sold the business to Marcus Oliver, who expanded the Cajun and Creole-menu to include barbecue.
University of Bordeaux 1
The University of Bordeaux 1 (French: Université Bordeaux-I) was one of the four universities in the Academy of Bordeaux, together with the Bordeaux Segalen University (Bordeaux 2), Michel de Montaigne University (Bordeaux 3) and Montesquieu University (Bordeaux 4). On 1 January 2014, it merged with Bordeaux 2 and Bordeaux 4 to form the University of Bordeaux. It currently operates as the Talence campus of the merged University of Bordeaux.

It houses many important laboratories, such as:

Centre de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives (CNIC), a neuroscience research center

Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), a computer science research center

University of Bordeaux
The University of Bordeaux (French: Université de Bordeaux, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite də bɔʁdo]) is a public research university based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

It has several campuses in the cities and towns of Bordeaux, Dax, Gradignan, Périgueux, Pessac, and Talence. There are also several smaller teaching sites in various other towns in the region, including in Bayonne.

The University of Bordeaux counts more than 50,000 students, over 6,000 of which are international. Alumni include three Nobel Prize winners, two members of France's National Assembly, a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and a King of Morocco. It is a member of the ComUE d'Aquitaine university group.
Anne Wibble
Anne Marie Wibble (née Ohlin; 13 October 1943 – 14 March 2000) was a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Finance from 1991 to 1994, the first woman to hold the post. She was a member of the Liberal People's Party. After leaving parliament in 1997, she as chief economist for the Federation of Swedish Industry. Wibble was the daughter of Bertil Ohlin, a 1977 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate.

Bertil Ohlin
Bertil Gotthard Ohlin (Swedish: [ˈbæ̌ʈːɪl ʊˈliːn]) (23 April 1899 – 3 August 1979) was a Swedish economist and politician. He was a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1929 to 1965. He was also leader of the People's Party, a social-liberal party which at the time was the largest party in opposition to the governing Social Democratic Party, from 1944 to 1967. He served briefly as Minister of Commerce and Industry from 1944 to 1945 in the Swedish coalition government during World War II. He was President of the Nordic Council in 1959 and 1964.

Ohlin's name lives on in one of the standard mathematical models of international free trade, the Heckscher–Ohlin model, which he developed together with Eli Heckscher. He was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1977 together with the British economist James Meade "for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements".
Dedeler, Yüksekova
Dedeler (Kurdish: Zîzan; Syriac: Zīzan) is a neighborhood in Yüksekova in Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Dirî tribe and had a population of 851 in 2023. Dedeler was a village until 2023.

Yüksekova
Yüksekova (Kurdish: Gever; Syriac: ܓܵܘܵܪ, romanized: Gāwār) is a municipality (belde) in the Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey and is the largest city in the province. The city is populated by Kurds of diverse tribal backgrounds, as well as non-tribal Kurds and is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan. The city also had a sizeable Assyrian Christian population, whose numbers declined due to the Ottoman Empire's genocide of Assyrian Christians. Yüksekova had a population of 84,800 in 2023.