hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Band (order theory)
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, a band in a vector lattice  is a subspace  of  that is solid and such that for all  such that  exists in  we have  
The smallest band containing a subset  of  is called the band generated by  in  
A band generated by a singleton set is called a principal band.

Riesz space
In mathematics, a Riesz space, lattice-ordered vector space or vector lattice is a partially ordered vector space where the order structure is a lattice.

Riesz spaces are named after Frigyes Riesz who first defined them in his 1928 paper Sur la décomposition des opérations fonctionelles linéaires.

Riesz spaces have wide-ranging applications. They are important in measure theory, in that important results are special cases of results for Riesz spaces. For example, the Radon–Nikodym theorem follows as a special case of the Freudenthal spectral theorem. Riesz spaces have also seen application in mathematical economics through the work of Greek-American economist and mathematician Charalambos D. Aliprantis.
Brandval Municipality
Brandval is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 529-square-kilometre (204 sq mi) municipality existed from 1867 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Kongsvinger Municipality in the traditional district of Solør. The administrative centre was the village of Brandval where Brandval Church is located. Other villages in the municipality included Lundersæter and Roverud.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 529-square-kilometre (204 sq mi) municipality was the 190th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Brandval Municipality was the 197th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 4,445. The municipality's population density was 8.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (22/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 5.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Kongsvinger Municipality
Kongsvinger (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Glåmdal (or historically Vinger). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kongsvinger. Other settlements in the municipality include Austmarka, Brandval, Lundersæter, and Roverud.

The 1,036-square-kilometre (400 sq mi) municipality is the 111th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Kongsvinger Municipality is the 73rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,109. The municipality's population density is 17.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (45/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.3% over the previous 10-year period. Kongsvinger's eastern municipal boundary is the Norway–Sweden border.
Bill Hwang
Sung Kook Hwang (Korean: 황성국, Chinese: 黄城国), also known as Bill Hwang, is an American investor,  trader and convicted fraudster. He ran Archegos Capital Management, whose default on  March 26, 2021 caused major losses to several notable investment banks. In April 2021, The Wall Street Journal reported that Hwang had lost US$20 billion over 10 days in late March, imposing large losses on his bankers Nomura and Credit Suisse. On April 27, 2022, he was indicted on federal charges of fraud and racketeering. The default of Archegos contributed to the eventual collapse of Credit Suisse.

Archegos Capital Management
Archegos Capital Management was a limited partnership family office that managed the personal assets of Bill Hwang, at one time managing over $36 billion in assets. On April 27, 2022, Hwang was indicted and arrested on federal charges of fraud and racketeering.

On March 26, 2021, Archegos defaulted on margin calls from several global investment banks, including Credit Suisse and Nomura Holdings, as well as Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley. The firm had large, concentrated positions in ViacomCBS, Baidu, Vipshop, Farfetch, and other companies, and the firm's use of total return swaps had helped to hide its high exposure from lending banks. Its derivative contracts "exposed the firm to severe losses when the trades went bad." The Wall Street Journal reported that Hwang lost $8 billion in 10 days, while Bloomberg News reported that Hwang lost $20 billion in 2 days. The fate of Archegos has been compared to the meltdown caused by Long Term Capital Management.
The Bloody Fists
The Bloody Fists  is a 1972 Hong Kong action film directed by Ng See-yuen and starring Chen Siu Sing and Kuan Tai Chen. The memorable fight scenes were choreographed by Yuen Woo-ping, better known for choreographing Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and The Matrix.

Chen Kuan-tai
Chen Kuan-tai (Chinese: 陳觀泰; born 24 September 1945) is a Hong Kong martial arts actor, director, and action choreographer. Chen rose to fame in the early 1970s for his movies with the Shaw Brothers Studio and is credited as being one of the film company's first professionally trained martial artists.
Manitou Springs, Colorado
Manitou Springs is a home rule municipality located at the foot of Pikes Peak in western El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The town was founded for its natural mineral springs. The downtown area continues to be of interest to travelers, particularly in the summer, with many shops and restaurants, as well as a creekside city park. The main road through the center of town was one of the direct paths to the base of Pikes Peak. Barr Trail, which winds its way up Pikes Peak, is accessible from town. The subdivision Crystal Hills was added to the municipality in the 1960s.

The city population was 4,858 at the 2020 United States census. Students are served by Manitou Springs School District 14 and Manitou Springs High School.

Manitou Springs School District 14
Manitou Springs School District 14 is the main school district of Manitou Springs and its nearby communities (Cascade, Cedar Heights, Chipita Park, and Green Mountain Falls) at the western edge of El Paso County, Colorado.

The district currently serves around 1400 students, about 30 percent of these being "choice" students who live outside of the district's immediate boundaries (usually coming from elsewhere in El Paso or Teller counties).

It has the highest graduation rate in the Pikes Peak Region.
The district has a 1-to-1 iPad Initiative for every student in grades five through twelve.
Continues (album)
Continues is the debut studio album of Continues, released on May 1, 2012 by Mattress Recordings. Composer Dan Gatto wanted to take his music in a synthpop direction similar to what he had been influenced by as a teenager.

Dan Gatto
Dan Gatto (born Dan Merrick Gatto; September 21, 1970) is an American musician best recognized as the vocalist for synth punk band Babyland. He also collaborated with Vampire Rodents composer Daniel Vahnke on a project called Recliner. After Babyland dissolved in 2009, Gatto founded Continues as an outlet for his solo work.
2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike
The 2020 Bath shipbuilders strike was a labor strike involving shipbuilders at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, United States. The strike, which started June 22, involved 4,300 members of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers. The strike ended on August 23 with the approval of a new labor contract.

Bath Iron Works
Bath Iron Works (BIW) is a major United States shipyard located on the Kennebec River in Bath, Maine, founded in 1884 as Bath Iron Works, Limited. Since 1995, Bath Iron Works has been a subsidiary of General Dynamics, one of the world's largest defense companies. BIW has built private, commercial, and military vessels, most of which have been ordered by the United States Navy.
Jane Collier
Jane Collier (1714 – March 1755) was an English novelist best known for her book An Essay on the Art of Ingeniously Tormenting (1753). She also collaborated with Sarah Fielding on her only other surviving work The Cry (1754).

The Cry (book)
Jane Collier's and Sarah Fielding's The Cry: A New Dramatic Fable (1754) was Fielding's sixth and Collier's second and final work. The work is an allegorical and satirical dramatic dialogue which was never performed. Collier and Fielding had worked together previously when Fielding wrote The Governess and when Collier wrote An Essay on the Art of Ingeniously Tormenting, but The Cry is the only work that can be positively ascribed to the two together. Collier died the year after its publication.

The piece was originally produced in three volumes and divided into five parts. The work involves many stories told through the character Portia to an audience consisting of Una, an allegorical figure representing truth, and "the Cry," a chorus that responds in turn.
Second Hand Heart (Ben Haenow song)
"Second Hand Heart" is a song by English singer Ben Haenow, from his self-titled debut studio album, Ben Haenow (2015). Featuring American singer Kelly Clarkson, it is an upbeat pop song produced by Afterhrs, Jason Halbert, and Pete Hammerton, written by Artist vs. Poet members Joe Kirkland and Jason Dean with Afterhrs members Ian Franzino and Andrew Haas, with additional writing by Neil Ormandy. "Second Hand Heart" was issued as the album's lead and only single on 16 October 2015, by Syco Music and RCA Records.

Ben Haenow (album)
Ben Haenow is the self-titled debut studio album by English singer Ben Haenow, released on 13 November 2015, through Syco Music and RCA Records. After winning the eleventh series of The X Factor in 2014, Haenow travelled to Los Angeles to immediately begin development of the album by collaborating with established musicians such as Kelly Clarkson, Julian Bunetta, Iain James, Kodaline, Anne Preven, Red Triangle, Steve Robson, J.R. Rotem, and Amy Wadge.

Haenow described the record as a mélange of uptempo pop rock anthems and pop ballads, making a departure from the rock album he was expected to release following his tenure on The X Factor. Ben Haenow was preceded by the release of its lead single, "Second Hand Heart", which became a top 40 hit on the Official UK Singles Chart. The album's supporting tour, the One Night Tour, commenced in April 2016.
880 Naval Air Squadron
880 Naval Air Squadron was a Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm aircraft carrier-based squadron formed in January 1941. The squadron served throughout the Second World War being embarked in the carriers HMS Furious, Indomitable, Argus and Implacable serving off East Africa, in the Mediterranean, off Norway and in the Far East. It was disbanded on 11 September 1945 at  Schofields, Sydney, Australia.

The squadron was reformed on 1 May 1951 as a carrier-based anti-submarine squadron in the Royal Canadian Navy. It was redesignated VS 880, in 1952. After the decommissioning of HMCS Bonaventure, Canada's last aircraft carrier in 1970, the squadron transferred to shore based inshore anti-submarine operations, and in 1973 changed role again to protection of Canada's Exclusive Economic Zone, this changing the squadron's designation to MR 880. It ceased operations in April 1990 when its aircraft were retired.

881 Naval Air Squadron
881 Naval Air Squadron (881 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN), formed in June 1941. It served as a fighter squadron in the Second World War, taking part in the British invasion of Madagascar in 1942, in the Allied invasions of Northern France and Southern France in 1944, also taking part in operations in the Aegean Sea and off Norway before disbanding in October 1945.

The squadron was reformed within the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) as a carrier-based anti-submarine warfare squadron, when 826 Squadron RCN was renumbered 881 Squadron RCN in May 1951. It was later re designated VS 881 in 1952 and  subsequently disbanded in 1959 when it was merged with VS 880.
Matthew Selt
Matthew Selt (born 7 March 1985) is an English professional snooker player. He qualified for the professional tour by finishing seventh in the Pontin's International Open Series in 2006/2007. He played in his first professional final in 2014 at the minor-ranking Lisbon Open, which he lost to Stephen Maguire, and has reached five quarter-finals in full ranking events. Selt won his first ranking title when he beat Lyu Haotian in the 2019 Indian Open final. In February 2025, a World Snooker disciplinary inquiry into Selt's behaviour at the 2024 Saudi Masters imposed a suspended sentence of three months, fined him £10,000 and made him pay the governing body's costs in bringing the case; Selt apologised unreservedly for his actions.

2019 Indian Open
The 2019 Indian Open was a professional snooker tournament. It was due to take place between 18 and 22 September 2018 at the Grand Hyatt Kochi Bolgatty in Kochi, India but was postponed due to the 2018 Kerala floods. The rescheduled Indian Open was played in Kochi from 27 February to 3 March 2019. It was the fifteenth ranking event of the 2018/2019 season.

Qualifying took place on 15 and 16 August 2018 in Preston, England.

John Higgins was the defending champion, having beaten Anthony McGill 5–1 in the 2017 final, but he lost to Matthew Selt in the semi-finals.

Selt went on to win his first ranking title, beating Lyu Haotian 5–3 in the final.

Zhou Yuelong made the first maximum break of his career in the fourth frame of his first round loss to Lyu Haotian. It was the 150th maximum in professional events.
Pietro Paolo Virdis
Antonio Pietro Paolo Virdis (born 26 June 1957) is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a forward. Throughout his career, he played for Nuorese, before playing in Serie A with Cagliari Calcio, Juventus, Udinese Calcio, and AC Milan; he ended his career with Lecce. Known for his eye for goal, with Juventus, he won two league titles and a Coppa Italia; with Milan, he was the league's top scorer in 1987, also winning a league title and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1988, and was part of the club's European Cup victory in 1989. At international level, he represented Italy at the 1988 Summer Olympics, helping the team to a fourth-place finish.

1988–89 European Cup
The 1988–89 European Cup was the 34th season of the European Cup football club tournament. The competition was won by Milan, the first time since 1969 and third time overall, comfortably defeated former winners Steaua București in the final.

As the defending champions, PSV Eindhoven received a bye to the second round, but were eliminated by Real Madrid in the quarter-finals. English clubs were still banned, following the Heysel Stadium disaster of 1985, so Liverpool were denied a place in the competition.
Illinois House of Representatives
The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 representatives elected from individual legislative districts for two-year terms with no limits; redistricted every 10 years, based on the 2010 U.S. census each representative represents approximately 108,734 people.

The house has the power to pass bills and impeach Illinois officeholders. Lawmakers must be at least 21 years of age and a resident of the district in which they serve for at least two years.

Constitution of Illinois
The Constitution of the State of Illinois is the governing document of the state of Illinois. There have been four Illinois Constitutions, with the fourth version adopted in 1970. That constitution is referred to as the "Constitution of Illinois of 1970" or less formally as the "1970 Constitution" even though there have been amendments to it after 1970. Important features of the 1970 Constitution include the creation of home rule powers for larger municipalities and other units of local government.
Johnny Mandel
John Alfred Mandel (November 23, 1925 – June 29, 2020) was an American composer and arranger of popular songs, film music and jazz. The musicians he worked with include Count Basie, Frank Sinatra, Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Barbra Streisand, Tony Bennett, Diane Schuur and Shirley Horn. He won five Grammy Awards, from 17 nominations; his first nomination was for his debut film score for the multi-nominated 1958 film I Want to Live!

Dave Frishberg
David Lee Frishberg (March 23, 1933 – November 17, 2021) was an American jazz pianist, vocalist, composer, and lyricist. His songs have been performed by Blossom Dearie, Rosemary Clooney, Shirley Horn, Anita O'Day, Michael Feinstein, Irene Kral, Diana Krall, Rebecca Kilgore, Stacey Kent, Bette Midler, John Pizzarelli, Jessica Molaskey, Bob Dorough, and Mel Tormé.

Frishberg wrote the music and lyrics for "I'm Just a Bill", the song about the forlorn legislative writ in the ABC Schoolhouse Rock! series, which was later transformed into the revue Schoolhouse Rock Live. For Schoolhouse Rock! he also wrote and performed "Walkin' on Wall Street", a song describing how the stock market works, and "$7.50 Once a Week", a song about saving money and balancing a budget.
Santo André da Borda do Campo
Santo André da Borda do Campo was the first European settlement in Portuguese America to be established away from the coast. It was located in the Captaincy of São Vicente, between the fields of the Piratininga plateau and the woods of the Paranapiacaba mountain range, an area that is currently occupied by the municipalities of São Caetano do Sul, Santo André and São Bernardo do Campo.

The settlement was founded by João Ramalho at the suggestion of Father Leonardo Nunes, possibly in 1550. Elevated to the category of town by Tomé de Sousa in 1553 and pressured by attacks from the natives, the population relocated to the Jesuit settlement of São Paulo de Piratininga in 1560, where the Pátio do Colégio is today, at the request of Manuel da Nóbrega and by order of the then Governor-General Mem de Sá.

Santo André, São Paulo
Santo André (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃twɐ̃ˈdɾɛ], Saint Andrew) is a Brazilian municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. It is part of a group of municipalities known as the ABC Region. According to the most recent census in 2024, the population is estimated at 778,711 in an area of 175.8 km2 (67.9 sq mi). or about 43,441 Acres of landmass.

It is the 15th most developed Brazilian city, and the eighth most developed city in the State of São Paulo, according to the UN. The city is also known to be the fifth best city in the country to raise children on the grounds of public and private education and health care.
Don DeVito
Don DeVito (September 6, 1939 – November 25, 2011) was an American record producer, music business executive and guitarist.  His career was spent at Columbia Records, where his production credits included Bob Dylan's albums Desire, Hard Rain, Street-Legal, and Bob Dylan At Budokan.

Bob Dylan at Budokan
Bob Dylan at Budokan is a live album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released August 1978 on Columbia Records in Japan only, followed by a worldwide release in April 1979. It was recorded during his 1978 world tour and is composed mostly of the artist's "greatest hits". The performances in the album are radically altered from the originals, using almost all the musicians who played on Street-Legal, but relying on a much larger band and stronger use of woodwind and backing singers. In some respects the arrangements are more conventional than the original arrangements, for which the album was criticized. For a few critics, such as Janet Maslin of Rolling Stone, the differences between the older and newer arrangements had become less important.
Khamoshi (TV series)
Khamoshi (Urdu: خاموشی, lit. 'Silence') is a Pakistani romantic drama television series aired on Hum TV during 2017–2018. It is produced by Momina Duraid under their banner MD Productions. It stars Zara Noor Abbas, Bilal Khan, Iqra Aziz and Affan Waheed. It received critical acclaim, became a breakthrough for Abbas, and was one of the most-watched Pakistani series of 2017.

Bilal Khan (singer)
Bilal Khan (Urdu: بلال خان, born Bilal Ahmed Khan, 4 October 1986) is a Pakistani musician, actor, and YouTuber. He released his debut album Umeed in 2009. Singles released included "Bachana", "Tou Kia Hua", "Larho Mujhey", "Kabhi Gham Na Aey", and Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu. In 2012, he was nominated for Best Album at the 11th Lux Style Awards for the album "Umeed". Khan holds a BSc (Hons) degree in Politics and Economics from Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) and later studied from Virginia Commonwealth University.
Willie McGee (convict)
Willie McGee (c. 1916 – May 8, 1951) was an African American man from Laurel, Mississippi, who was sentenced to death in 1945 and executed on Tuesday, May 8, 1951, after being controversially convicted for the rape of a white woman on November 2, 1945.
McGee's legal case became a cause célèbre that attracted worldwide attention, as it was roundly decried as a miscarriage of justice in the Jim Crow South.

However, when journalist Alexander S. Heard wrote a book about the case in 2010, he found it to be far more complex than historically portrayed. For example, Rosalee McGee, who was the only witness who could verify her husband's claims that the victim had forced him into a sexual relationship, was later found to be a fraud. In reality, she never married McGee and only met him after the trial. She had been recruited by the Civil Rights Congress to pretend to be his wife to boost public sympathy for him.

Rosalee McGee
Rosalee McGee, born Rosetta Saffold, presented herself as the wife of Willie McGee who was executed following his controversial conviction for the rape of a white woman. She represented herself as his wife and the mother of their children, a falsehood that was uncovered after the execution of Willie McGee. During the appellate process, Rosetta falsely accused McGee's accuser, Willette Hawkins, of raping McGee by forcing him into a sexual relationship.
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech or simply NYUST, Chinese: 國立雲林科技大學; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-li̍p Hûn-lîm Kho-ki Tāi-ha̍k) is a university of science and technology in Taiwan. Founded in 1991 and located in Yunlin County. It was restructured as a technological university in 1997. It's a member of "National Yunlin University system" with National Taiwan University, and accredited by AACSB, ACCSB and IEET.

Yuntech is organized into several colleges, including the College of Engineering, College of Management, College of Design, College of Humanities and Applied Sciences, and College of Future.

Yuntech is currently the 3rd-ranked university of science and technology in Taiwan, on the rankings of Times Higher Education World University Rankings and U.S. News & World Report.

Yunlin County
Yunlin is a county in western Taiwan. Yunlin County borders the Taiwan Strait to the west, Nantou County to the east, Changhua County to the north at the Zhuoshui River, and Chiayi County to the south at the Beigang River. It has a population of 664,963 as of 2022.

Yunlin is part of the Chianan Plain, a flat land known for its agriculture. Agricultural products of Yunlin County include pomelo, tea leaves, suan cai, papaya and melon. Yunlin's rivers give it potential for hydroelectricity. Douliu is the largest and capital city of Yunlin. It is the only county on the main island of Taiwan where no city with the same name exists. Yunlin is one of the least developed counties on the West coast, and suffers from emigration.