hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inverted detective story
An inverted detective story, occasionally known as a "reverse whodunnit" or "howcatchem", is a crime fiction structure in which the commission of the crime is shown or described at the beginning, usually including the identity of the perpetrator. The story then describes the detective's attempt to solve the mystery. There may also be subsidiary puzzles, such as why the crime was committed, which are explained or resolved during the story.

This format is the opposite of the more typical "whodunit", in which all of the details of the perpetrator of the crime are not revealed until the story's climax. The first such story was R. Austin Freeman's The Case of Oskar Brodski published in Pearson's Magazine in 1912. The television series Columbo is one of the best-known examples of this genre.

Whodunit
A whodunit (less commonly spelled as whodunnit; a colloquial elision of "Who [has] done it?") is a complex plot-driven variety of detective fiction in which the puzzle regarding who committed the crime is the main focus. The reader or viewer is provided with the clues to the case, from which the identity of the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides the revelation itself at its climax. The investigation is usually conducted by an eccentric, amateur, or semi-professional detective.
Varallo's
Varallo's is the oldest continuously-operating restaurant in Tennessee, founded as a chili parlor by Frank Varallo Sr. in 1907. From 1994 to 1998, there were two locations. Frank Varallo Jr. took over from his father in 1929, and a second Varallo's was opened by his two grandsons, Todd and Tony Varallo, near the entrance to the Nashville Arcade on Fourth Avenue. Frank Varallo Jr. closed his Church Street location upon his retirement in 1998, at the age of 85.

Chili con carne
Chili con carne (Spanish: [ˈtʃili koŋ ˈkaɾne], lit. 'chili with meat'), often shortened to chili, is a spicy stew of Mexican origin containing chili peppers (sometimes in the form of chili powder), meat (usually beef), tomatoes and often beans. Other seasonings may include garlic, onions, and cumin.

The types of meat and other ingredients used vary based on geographic and personal tastes. Recipes provoke disputes among aficionados, some of whom insist that the word chili applies only to the basic dish, without beans and tomatoes. Chili con carne is a common dish for cook-offs, and may be used as a side, garnish, or ingredient in other dishes, such as soups or salsas.
Rock & Republic
Rock & Republic was an American jeans brand founded by Michael Ball in 2002.  Ball is a cyclist who gained design experience by creating his cycling team's uniforms.  Rock & Republic's line of jeans and casual wear "VB Rocks" was designed by singer Victoria Beckham until 2008.

Wrangler (brand)
Wrangler is an American manufacturer of jeans and other clothing items, particularly workwear. The brand is owned by Kontoor Brands Inc., which also owns Lee. Its headquarters is in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina, with production plants located throughout the world.
Meri Jung
Meri Jung (transl. My War) is a 1985 Indian Hindi movie produced by N N Sippy and directed by Subhash Ghai. The film stars Anil Kapoor, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Nutan, Amrish Puri, Javed Jaffrey (in his debut film), A. K. Hangal, Iftekhar, Kushboo and Parikshat Sahni. The films music is by Laxmikant Pyarelal.

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Inuit throat singing
Inuit throat singing, or katajjaq (Inuktitut: ᑲᑕᔾᔭᖅ), is a distinct type of throat singing uniquely found among the Inuit. It is a form of musical performance,  traditionally consisting of two women who sing duets in a close face-to-face formation with no instrumental accompaniment, in an entertaining contest to see who can outlast the other; however, one of the genre's most famous practitioners, Tanya Tagaq, performs as a solo artist. Several groups, including Tudjaat, The Jerry Cans, Quantum Tangle and Silla + Rise, blend traditional throat singing with mainstream musical genres such as pop, folk, rock and dance music.

An analogous form called rekuhkara was once practiced among the Ainu of Hokkaidō, Japan.

Throat singing
Throat singing refers to several vocal practices found in different cultures worldwide. These vocal practices are generally associated with a certain type of guttural voice that contrasts with the most common types of voices employed in singing, which are usually represented by chest (modal) and head (light, or falsetto) registers. Throat singing is often described as evoking the sensation of more than one pitch at a time, meaning that the listener perceives two or more distinct musical notes while the singer is producing a single vocalization.

Throat singing consists of a range of singing techniques that originally belonged to particular cultures and which may share sound characteristics, making them noticeable by other cultures and users of mainstream singing styles.
2020 World's Strongest Man
The 2020 World's Strongest Man was the 43rd edition of the World's Strongest Man competition. It took place in Bradenton, Florida between November 11 and 15. Oleksii Novikov of Ukraine won the competition for the first time in his career, with Tom Stoltman of Great Britain taking second and Jean-François Caron of Canada taking third. At 24 years old, Novikov is the youngest man to win the event since Jón Páll Sigmarsson in 1984.

Oleksii Novikov
Oleksii Novikov (Ukrainian: Олексій Новіков, born 11 February 1996) is a Ukrainian professional strongman. He won the 2020 World's Strongest Man competition, becoming the second Ukrainian to win the title since Vasyl Virastyuk in 2004, and at 24 years, 278 days, he is also the second youngest winner in history, being only seven days older than Jón Páll Sigmarsson in 1984. He is also a two time World's Ultimate Strongman (2021 in Bahrain and 2021 in Dubai), the 2022 Rogue Invitational champion, and the 2022 Europe’s Strongest Man.

Novikov is the current world record holder of the hummer tyre deadlift, the Flintstone press, the wrecking ball hold and the one arm giant dumbbell press for reps in 3 weight categories: 100 kg (220 lb), 110 kg (242 lb) and 125 kg (275 lb).
Krzna
The Krzna pronounced [ˈkʂna] is a river in eastern Poland, and a left tributary of the Bug. The river is 107 kilometres (66 mi) long and its watershed area is 3,273 square kilometres (1,263.7 sq mi). The Krzna flows through Poland's Lublin Voivodeship. It arises from the connection of two water jets flowing in the Łuków Forest: Northern Krzna and Southern Krzna which is considered to be the beginning of the Krzna. The river empties into the Bug near the town of Terespol and the village of Neple, close to the Belarus border near, the city of Brest. A canal connects it to the Wieprz.

Łuków Forest
Łuków Forest (Polish: Lasy Łukowskie) is the largest forest complex in South Podlachia Plain near Łuków in eastern Poland. Krzna river flows out of the forest. The complex has an area of 105 square kilometres (41 sq mi)
William Grant, Lord Grant
William Grant, Lord Grant, TD, PC (19 June 1909 – 19 November 1972) was a Scottish advocate, a Unionist politician, and a judge. Born to the Grant's distillery family who created Glenfiddich whisky, he was one of Scotland's Great Officers of State for the last 12 years of his life.

A classical scholar and talented orator who nonetheless lost his first two election campaigns, Grant sat in the House of Commons from 1955 to 1962. Throughout that period he was a Law Officer: first Solicitor General for Scotland, then Lord Advocate.

He left Parliament in 1962 to become Lord Justice Clerk, the second most senior judge in Scotland. His work included chairing the eponymous Grant Committee, a major inquiry into the working of Scotland's sheriff courts.

While still in office, Grant died in a traffic collision in the Scottish Highlands; the crash left two other men dead and a young family seriously injured. Grant had been drink driving.

Lord Justice Clerk
The Lord Justice Clerk is the second most senior judge in Scotland, after the Lord President of the Court of Session. The current Lord Justice Clerk is Lord Beckett, who was appointed to the position on 4 February 2025, succeeding Lady Dorrian who had been the first female to hold the office.
Hanamasagar
Hanamasagar (Halasagar) is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in Vijayapur taluk, of Vijayapur district, Karnataka and is nearly 40km from the district headquarter Vijayapur. It is a small village which is a pilgrim, having the  post office at Kambagi and Babaleshwar hobli.

Kambagi
Kambagi is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively it is under Vijayapur Taluk of Vijayapur District, Karnataka. It is nearly 40 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarters, the city of Vijayapur, Karnataka. Kambagi has Government Primary HealthCare Center, Post Office, Bank of India and Gram Panchayat offices.

There are two other villages included the Kambagi Gram Panchayat: Hanamasagar and Madagunaki.
Atherton Collieries A.F.C.
Atherton Collieries Association Football Club is a football club based in Atherton, Greater Manchester, England. The club are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at Alder House. They are full members of the Lancashire County Football Association.

Between 1919 and 1965 Atherton Collieries were winners of the Bolton Combination ten times. By 1964–65 they had won the Lancashire FA Amateur Shield six times, a record which is still unsurpassed. They are nicknamed "Colls".

Lancashire County Football Association
The Lancashire County Football Association, also known simply as the Lancashire FA, is the governing body of football within the historical county boundaries of Lancashire, England. They are responsible for the governance and development of football at all levels in the county.
Juha (novel)
Juha is a novel by Finnish writer Juhani Aho, published in 1911. It is considered one of Aho's most important works: after its publication, Aho consolidated his role as the "national writer" of Finland. The novel is at once characterized as one of his most classical and most modern works. Although taking the form of an epic, Juha does not lack drama in its plot.

Mathias Taube played Juha in Stiller's 1921 film, Hannes Närhi in Tapiovaara's 1937 film, Eino Kaipainen in Särkkä's 1956 film and Sakari Kuosmanen in Kaurismäki's 1999 film. Based on Juha, Mikko Roiha directed a dance theater work of the same name, which premiered at Korjaamo in January 2010.

Johan (1921 film)
Johan (also known as Troubled Waters or Rapids of Life) is a 1921 Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller, based on the 1911 novel Johan by Juhani Aho. It tells the story of a young girl, married to an older farmer, who elopes with a handsome stranger, crossing dangerous rapids on a small boat in the process.
Witches of Belvoir
The Witches of Belvoir were a mother and her two daughters accused of witchcraft in England and the deaths of two young brothers, Henry (died 1613) and Francis Manners (died 1620), the heirs to Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, whose seat was at Belvoir Castle. The mother, Joan Flower, died on the way to her trial after apprehension 'around Christmas' of 1618, while Philippa and Margaret were executed by hanging on 11 March 1619.

Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland
Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, KG KB (1578–1632) was an English nobleman. Despite a brief imprisonment for his involvement in the Essex Rebellion of 1601, he became prominent at the court of James I. He lived at Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire. In 1618 three women, the "Witches of Belvoir", were accused of witchcraft for having allegedly caused the deaths of his two young sons.
Bookstan
Bookstan is an annual international literary festival held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, celebrating literature, culture, and intellectual exchange. Launched in 2016, the festival attracts authors, publishers, critics, translators, and literary enthusiasts from around the world, with a focus on authors and themes relevant to the Balkan region and Southeast Europe. Bookstan has established itself as a central event for literary dialogue in Bosnia and Herzegovina, promoting the values of literature as a unifying and transformative force.

Buybook
Buybook is a Bosnian publishing and bookstore company based in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Established on December 26, 1996, by authors Goran Samardžić and Damir Uzunović, Buybook quickly established itself as a significant literary institution in the Balkans, focusing on publishing and distributing literature from Bosnia and Herzegovina and the broader regional context. Initially supported by the Open Society Institute in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Buybook became fully independent in 1998, relocating to its current store in Radićeva Street, Sarajevo.
Chatham, New York
Chatham /ˈtʃætəm/ is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 4,104 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 4,128 in 2010.

The town has a village also called Chatham on its southern town line. The town is at the northern border of Columbia County.

Chatham (village), New York
Chatham /ˈtʃætəm/ is a village in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,529 at the 2020 census.

The village of Chatham is on the border between the towns of Chatham and Ghent. The village is at the junction of Routes 66 and 203.
CCL2
The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is also referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and small inducible cytokine A2. CCL2 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. CCL2 tightly regulates cellular mechanics and thereby recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection.

Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.
Alert, Nunavut
Alert, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada, is the northernmost continuously inhabited place in the world. The location is on Ellesmere Island (in the Queen Elizabeth Islands) at latitude 82°30'05" north, 817 km (508 mi) from the North Pole. It takes its name from the Royal Navy vessel HMS Alert, which wintered 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the present station off what is now Cape Sheridan in 1875–1876.

All Alert residents are temporary, typically serving three- to six-month tours of duty there. They staff a military signals intelligence radio receiving facility at Canadian Forces Station Alert (CFS Alert, which includes Alert Airport), as well as the Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory, a co-located weather station and monitoring observatory, both operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC).

In the 2021 census, the permanent population was recorded as 0.

Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory
The Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory is an atmospheric baseline station operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada located about 6 km (3.7 mi) south south-west of Alert, Nunavut, Canada, on the north-eastern tip of Ellesmere Island, about 800 km (500 mi) south of the geographic North Pole.

The observatory is the northernmost of 31 global stations in an international network coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) under its Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program to study the long-term effects of pollution on the atmospheric environment.  Among these 31 stations, Alert is one of three greenhouse gas "intercomparison supersites", along with Mauna Loa in Hawaii and Cape Grim in Australia, which, due to their locations far from industrial activity, provide the international scientific community with a baseline record of atmospheric chemistry.
Palais Longchamp
The Palais Longchamp (French pronunciation: [palɛ lɔ̃ʃɑ̃]) is a monument in the 4th arrondissement of Marseille, France. It houses both the Musée des beaux-arts and the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille. The surrounding Longchamp Park (French: Parc Longchamp) is listed by the French Ministry of Culture as one of the Notable Gardens of France.

Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille
The Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille (Occitan: Museu dels bels arts de Marselha) is one of the main museums in the city of Marseille, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
It occupies a wing of the Palais Longchamp, and displays a collection of paintings, sculptures and drawings from the 16th to 19th centuries.
2 Heads
"2 Heads" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter and musician Coleman Hell. It was released on February 4, 2015, as the lead single from his debut studio album Summerland. It was also included in his self-titled EP released on October 23, 2015. The song was a commercial success in both Canada and the United States, reaching to the top twenty on the Canadian Hot 100 and the and US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart. It was certified 5× Platinum by Music Canada and Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Coleman Hell
Coleman Richard Hell (born April 25, 1989) is a Canadian musician from Thunder Bay, Ontario. He released his breakthrough single, "2 Heads", in February 2015. His debut full-length album, Summerland, was released on October 14, 2016, by 604 Records and Columbia Records.
Egypt Medal
The Egypt Medal (1882–1889) was awarded for the military actions involving the British Army and Royal Navy during the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War and in the Sudan between 1884 and 1889.

Resentment at increasing British and other European involvement in Egypt since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 triggered an Egyptian army mutiny that threatened the authority of the British-backed Khedive of Egypt, Tewfik Pasha. The British military intervention was in response, to protect British interests. Once in Egypt, the British became involved in the conflicts in the Sudan, which Egypt had occupied since the 1820s.

All recipients of the Egypt Medal were also eligible for one of the four versions of the Khedive's Star.

Anglo-Egyptian War
The British conquest of Egypt, also known as the 2nd Anglo-Egyptian War (Arabic: الاحتلال البريطاني لمصر, romanized: al-iḥtilāl al-Brīṭānī li-Miṣr, lit. 'British occupation of Egypt'), occurred in 1882 between Egyptian and Sudanese forces under Ahmed ‘Urabi and the United Kingdom. It ended a nationalist uprising against the Khedive Tewfik Pasha. It established firm British influence over Egypt at the expense of the Egyptians, the French, and the Ottoman Empire, whose already weak authority became nominal.
Chaya Mushka Schneersohn
Chaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe.

Chaya Mushka Schneerson died on December 9, 1860, O.S. (Tevet 8, 5621; December 21, 1860, N.S.), and was buried in the town of Lubavitch near her grandmother Rebbetzin Sterna and her mother Rebbetzin Sheina.

Menachem Mendel Schneersohn
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (Yiddish: מנחם מענדל שניאורסאהן; September 20, 1789 – March 17, 1866), also known as the Tzemach Tzedek (Hebrew: "Righteous Sprout" or "Righteous Scion"), was an Orthodox rabbi, leading 19th-century posek, and the third Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement.
Maryland State Fair
The Maryland State Fair is an annual event held in the state of Maryland. It is hosted at the Maryland State Fairgrounds, located near York and Timonium roads in Timonium. As of 2006, the fair has been traditionally scheduled for a duration of 11 days. It typically begins in late August and concludes around Labor Day."

Timonium, Maryland
Timonium /ˌtɪˈmoʊniːəm/ is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it has a population of 10,458. Prior to 2010 the area was part of the Lutherville-Timonium CDP.

The Maryland State Fair is held in Timonium each year near Labor Day on the grounds of the former Timonium Race Course, which is an important site along with Pimlico Race Course in northwest Baltimore and Laurel Park in Prince George's County, along with other former tracks at Bowie and Rosecroft in Maryland thoroughbred horse racing traditions.
Q-exponential
The term q-exponential occurs in two contexts.  The q-exponential distribution, based on the Tsallis q-exponential is discussed in elsewhere.

In combinatorial mathematics, a q-exponential is a q-analog of the exponential function,
namely the eigenfunction of a q-derivative. There are many  q-derivatives, for example, the classical  q-derivative, the Askey–Wilson operator, etc. Therefore, unlike the classical exponentials, q-exponentials are not unique.  For example,  is the q-exponential corresponding to the classical  q-derivative while   are eigenfunctions of the Askey–Wilson operators.

The q-exponential is also known as the quantum dilogarithm.

Q-derivative
In mathematics, in the area of combinatorics and quantum calculus, the q-derivative, or Jackson derivative, is a q-analog of the ordinary derivative, introduced by Frank Hilton Jackson. It is the inverse of Jackson's q-integration. For other forms of q-derivative, see Chung et al. (1994).
San Miguel River (Colorado)
The San Miguel River is a tributary of the Dolores River, approximately 81 miles (130 km) long, in southwestern Colorado in the United States. It rises in the San Juan Mountains southeast of Telluride and flows northwest, along the southern slope of the Uncompahgre Plateau, past the towns of Placerville and Nucla and joins the Dolores in western Montrose County approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of the state line with Utah.

Placerville, Colorado
Placerville is a census-designated place (CDP) and post office in and governed by San Miguel County, Colorado, United States. The Placerville post office has the ZIP Code 81430 (post office boxes). At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Placerville CDP was 362.
Osypenko, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Osypenko (Ukrainian: Осипенко) is a village (selo) in Berdiansk Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, southern Ukraine. It is located on the left bank of the river Berda, and is the administrative center of Osypenko rural hromada.

Berdiansk Raion
Berdiansk Raion, also spelled Berdyansk Raion (Ukrainian: Бердянський район) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region is Berdiansk. The raion has access to the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. The population is 176,046 (2022 estimate).
Denys Monastyrsky
Denys Anatoliiovych Monastyrsky (Ukrainian: Денис Анатолійович Монастирський, IPA: [deˈnɪs ɐnɐˈtɔl⁽ʲ⁾ijowɪtʃ monɐsˈtɪrsʲkɪj]; 12 June 1980 – 18 January 2023) was a Ukrainian lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine from 16 July 2021 until his death in a helicopter crash on 18 January 2023. He had been very close to Volodymyr Zelenskyy since the beginning of his presidential campaign.

2023 Brovary helicopter crash
On 18 January 2023, a Ukrainian Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma carrying ten people, including Ukrainian Minister of Internal Affairs Denys Monastyrsky, his deputy Yevhen Yenin, and State Secretary Yurii Lubkovych, crashed into a kindergarten in Brovary, a suburb of Kyiv, Ukraine. The crash killed fourteen people, including Monastyrsky, Yenin, and Lubkovych. Four of the victims were killed on the ground, including one child. Twenty-five other people were injured on the ground, including eleven children.