hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
African Americans in Maryland
The history of African Americans in Maryland is long and complex. Southern Maryland is the home of the first person of African descent to be elected to and serve in a legislature in America. His name was Mathias de Sousa and he was one of the original colonists to arrive in 1634. Southern Maryland is also the place where Josiah Henson was enslaved, and the place of brutality he wrote about in his later autobiography, which became the basis for Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin".

A descendant of Josiah Henson, Matthew Henson, was also from Southern Maryland and he was one of the first people to reach the North Pole along with Admiral Robert Peary in 1909.

Mathias de Sousa
Mathias de Sousa (fl. 1633) was an early settler of the Province of Maryland and is often cited as the first person of African descent to vote in an American legislature, owing to his presence at a 1641 Maryland Assembly meeting. De Sousa came to Maryland as an indentured servant of Jesuit priests, who identified him as being a "molato" in a pair of land claim documents.

De Sousa's racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, which were largely reduced to a contemporary understanding of the word "mulatto" in the 20th century, is still debated among academics, although he is largely believed to have been of mixed Portuguese and African background.
Geirröðr
Geirröðr (also Geirröd) is a jötunn in Norse mythology. He is the father of the jötnar Gjálp and Greip, who are killed by the thunder-god Thor, and the possible father of the jötnar Eistla, Angeyja, Ulfrún, Eyrgjafa, Imd, Atla and Járnsaxa.

Geirröðr is mentioned in the skaldic poem Þórsdrápa, written by Eilíf Godrúnarson (late 10th c. AD), itself cited in Skáldskaparmál (early 13th c.) where it is preceded by Snorri Sturluson's account of the myth, and in Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus (early 13th c.).

Saturn's moon Geirrod is named after him.

Þórsdrápa
Þórsdrápa (also Thorsdrapa; Old Norse: 'The Lay of Thor') is a skaldic poem by Eilífr Goðrúnarson, a poet in the service of Jarl Hákon Sigurðarson. The poem is noted for its creative use of kennings and other metaphorical devices, as well as its labyrinthine complexity.
River Brent
The River Brent is a river in west and northwest London, England, and a tributary of the River Thames. 17.9 miles (28.8 km) in length, it rises in the Borough of Barnet and flows in a generally south-west direction before joining the Tideway stretch of the Thames at Brentford.

Brentford
Brentford is a suburban town in West London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It lies at the confluence of the River Brent and the Thames, 8 miles (13 km) west of Charing Cross.

Its economy has diverse company headquarters buildings which mark the start of the M4 corridor; in transport it also has two railway stations and Boston Manor Underground station on its northwest border with Hanwell. Brentford has a convenience shopping and dining venue grid of streets at its centre. Brentford at the start of the 21st century attracted regeneration of its little-used warehouse premises and docks including the remodelling of the waterfront to provide more economically active shops, townhouses and apartments, some of which comprise Brentford Dock.

A 19th- and 20th-century mixed social and private housing locality, New Brentford is contiguous with the Osterley neighbourhood of Isleworth and Syon Park and the Great West Road which has most of the largest business premises.
Arakelots Monastery, Kirants
Arakelots Monastery (Armenian: Առաքելոց վանք, romanized: Arakelots Vank; lit. 'Monastery of the Apostles') is a 13th-century monastery about 3 kilometres (2 mi) southwest of the village of Kirants in the Tavush Province of Armenia. The monastic complex sits upon the crest of a hill surrounded by a dense forest on the left bank of the Kunen River.

Approximately 80 metres (260 ft) downhill from the monastery are the ruins of a caravanserai. The ruins of a chapel sit on the next hill as well. Supposedly, two kilometers northeast of Arakelots Vank on a flat area on the mountain ridge is the little church and khachkar of Khndzorut.

Kirants, Armenia
Kirants (Armenian: Կիրանց) is a village in the Ijevan Municipality of the Tavush Province of Armenia. The 8th-century Kirants Monastery, and the 13th-century Arakelots Monastery are located near Kirants.
Michele Wiles
Michele Wiles is an American ballet dancer. She was a principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre from 2005 - 2011. In 2011, she left ABT to form the independent classical ballet company Ballet Next with former New York City Ballet principal dancer Charles Askegard.

American Ballet Theatre
American Ballet Theatre (ABT) is a classical ballet company based in New York City. Founded in 1939 by Lucia Chase and Richard Pleasant. Through 2019, it had an annual eight-week season at the Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center) in the spring and a shorter season at the David H. Koch Theater in the fall; the company tours around the world the rest of the year. The company was scheduled to have a 5-week spring season at the MET preceded by a 2-week season at the Koch Theater beginning in 2020.   ABT is the parent company of the American Ballet Theatre Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School, and was recognized as "America's National Ballet Company" in 2006 by the United States Congress.
Audrey Pheffer
Audrey I. Pheffer (born August 13, 1941) is an American Democratic Party politician from New York. She is currently serving as Queens County Clerk. Previously, she represented District 23 in the New York State Assembly from 1987 to 2011, which comprised Rockaway Beach, Howard Beach and Ozone Park, among other neighborhoods found within the New York City borough of Queens.

Stacey Pheffer Amato
Stacey Pheffer Amato (born March 19, 1966) is a member of the New York State Assembly, representing the 23rd district, which includes portions of Queens. A member of the Democratic Party, Pheffer Amato was first elected in 2016.
Via Transilvanica
Via Transilvanica 'The Transylvanian Trail' is a hiking trail that crosses the Transylvania, Bukovina and Banat regions of Romania, and is meant to promote their cultural, ethnic, historical and natural diversity. It was built between 2018 and 2022, with its design and conception heavily inspired by historical pilgrims' ways and hiking trails, such as The Way of St. James and The Appalachian Trail. Starting at Putna, Suceava County, it stretches over 1,428 kilometres (887 miles), 10 counties of Romania, over 400 communities, and 8 UNESCO World Heritage sites, ending in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Mehedinți County. Its motto is "The road that unites".

Suceava County
Suceava County (Romanian pronunciation: [suˈtʃe̯ava]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the southern part of the historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper. The county seat and the most populous urban settlement of the county is Suceava.
Interleukin 31
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL31 gene that resides on chromosome 12. IL-31 is an inflammatory cytokine that helps trigger cell-mediated immunity against pathogens. It has also been identified as a major player in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis.

IL-31 is produced by a variety of cells, namely type 2 helper (TH2) T-cells. IL-31 sends signals through a receptor complex made of IL-31RA and oncostatin M receptor β (OSMRβ) expressed in immune and epithelial cells. These signals activate three pathways: ERK1/2 MAP kinase, PI3K/AKT, and JAK1/2 signaling pathways.

Oncostatin M receptor
Oncostatin-M specific receptor subunit beta also known as the Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) , is one of the receptor proteins for oncostatin M, that in humans is encoded by the OSMR gene.

OSMR is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family. This protein heterodimerizes with interleukin 6 signal transducer to form the type II oncostatin M receptor and with interleukin 31 receptor A to form the interleukin 31 receptor, and thus transduces oncostatin M and interleukin 31 induced signaling events.
Cameron Corner, Queensland
Cameron Corner is an outback locality in the Shire of Bulloo, Queensland, Australia. It is on the Queensland border with New South Wales to the south and South Australia to the west. In the 2021 census, Cameron Corner had a population of 19 people.

Cameron Corner Survey Marker
Cameron Corner Survey Marker is a heritage-listed survey marker in the locality of Cameron Corner, Shire of Bulloo, Queensland, Australia. The survey marker is at the border corner of South-West Queensland with New South Wales and South Australia; it was established in 1880. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012.
Foal's Bread
Foal's Bread is a 2011 novel by Australian author Gillian Mears.

It was the winner of the 2012 ALS Gold Medal, the Age Book of the Year for Fiction, the Prime Minister's Literary Award for Fiction, and the Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Fiction. It was also shortlisted for the Miles Franklin Award and the Barbara Jefferis Award.

Miles Franklin Award
The Miles Franklin Literary Award is an annual literary prize awarded to "a novel which is of the highest literary merit and presents Australian life in any of its phases". The award was set up according to the will of Miles Franklin (1879–1954), who is best known for writing the Australian classic My Brilliant Career (1901). She bequeathed her estate to fund this award. As of 2025, the award is valued at A$60,000.
J-Tex Corporation
The J-Tex Corporation, also known as Gary Hart International, was a heel professional wrestling stable in World Championship Wrestling. The group was managed by Gary Hart and consisted of several popular wrestlers including Terry Funk, Dick Slater, The Great Muta, The Dragonmaster, and Buzz Sawyer. Their name was reference to the fact that its two prominent members, Muta and Funk, were from Japan and Texas, respectively.

Kazuo Sakurada
Kazuo Sakurada (桜田 一男, Sakurada Kazuo; September 26, 1948 – January 12, 2020), better known as Mr. Sakurada, The Dragonmaster, and as the Japanese version of Kendo Nagasaki (ケンドー・ナガサキ, Kendō Nagasaki), was a Japanese professional wrestler. He was best known for his work in Stampede Wrestling, National Wrestling Alliance, and World Championship Wrestling. Sakurada was also highly regarded by Bret Hart as one of his most significant trainers alongside Katsui Adachi or Mr. Hito, with whom he taught extensively in Hart Dungeon.
Birmoghlasht Summer Fort
The Birmoghlasht Summer Fort is a dilapidated fort of the former ruler of Chitral State. It is perched on top of a hill at an elevation of about 9,000 feet. It is located in what is now a core area of the Chitral Gol National Park.

Chitral National Park
Chitral Gol National Park  (Urdu: چترال گول نیشنل پارک) is one of the National Parks of Pakistan. It is located in Lower Chitral District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan beside the Chitral River, at a distance of two hours drive from Chitral town. The park is also known as Chitral National Park.
Collin Murray-Boyles
Collin Joseph Murray-Boyles (born June 10, 2005) is an American professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the South Carolina Gamecocks.

South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball
The South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball team represents the University of South Carolina and competes in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Gamecocks won Southern Conference titles in 1927, 1933, 1934, and 1945, and then they gained national attention under hall of fame coach Frank McGuire, posting a 205–65 record from 1967 to 1976, which included the 1970 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) championship, the 1971 ACC Tournament title, and four consecutive NCAA tournament appearances from 1971 to 1974.  The program also won the 1997 SEC championship, National Invitation Tournament (NIT) titles in 2005 and 2006, and co-champions of the 2009 SEC East division title.  Most recently, the Gamecocks won the 2017 NCAA East Regional Championship, reaching the Final Four for the first time in school history. Lamont Paris is the current head coach, and the team plays at the 18,000-seat Colonial Life Arena.
Joe Cotton
Joanne Monique "Joe" Cotton, is a Canadian-born New Zealand pop singer who gained recognition as a member of the girl group TrueBliss, formed in 1999 on Popstars. Cotton has since joined a cover band, The Mermaids Danceband. She has also worked as a radio presenter, for More FM and The Edge.

More FM
More FM is a New Zealand radio network that plays hot adult contemporary music. It is operated by MediaWorks New Zealand.

More FM broadcasts in 25 centres throughout New Zealand on 81 transmitters with a mix of local and network programming. The station targets a 25 to 49-year-old audience and has the most local shows of any radio network in New Zealand. Currently there are 11 different breakfast shows and 14 day shows.

The More FM network has grown from a local Wellington station to a large Network brand developed through expansion, acquisitions and re-branding of local stations already owned by MediaWorks.

More FM had the 3rd or 4th largest audience of New Zealand's commercial radio stations in 2021.
Serious Gaming
Serious Gaming is a professional gaming team based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was founded in 2004 by entrepreneur Bas Peeperkorn. Serious Gaming is known for their achievements in first-person shooter Deathmatch tournaments, most notably those by Quake series players Maciej "av3k" Krzykowski and Cypher.

Av3k
Maciej Krzykowski (born April 1, 1991), who goes by the pseudonym Av3k (/ˈævɪk/), is a professional Quake and ShootMania player. He has Polish nationality and resides in Ostróda. He actively competes in international Quake competitions and was signed to Razer and Dutch electronic sports team Serious Gaming and French organization Millenium, but is now signed to British organisation Endpoint. On July 8, 2007, at age 16, he became the youngest Quake champion ever after winning the Electronic Sports World Cup 2007 in Paris without losing a single map.
2010 Catalunya GP2 Series round
The 2010 Catalunya GP2 Series round was a GP2 Series motor race held on May 8 and May 9, 2010 at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain. It was the first race of the 2010 GP2 Series. The race was used to support the 2010 Spanish Grand Prix.

2010 Spanish Grand Prix
The 2010 Spanish Grand Prix (officially the Formula 1 Gran Premio de España Telefónica 2010) was the fifth round of the 2010 Formula One season. It was held on 9 May 2010 at the Circuit de Catalunya. It was the first European race of the 2010 season, and was ultimately won by Red Bull's Mark Webber after the Australian qualified on pole and led every lap of the race.
Niven's constant
In number theory, Niven's constant, named after Ivan Niven, is the largest exponent appearing in the prime factorization of any natural number n "on average". More precisely, if we define H(1) = 1 and H(n) = the largest exponent appearing in the unique prime factorization of a natural number n > 1, then Niven's constant is given by

where ζ is the Riemann zeta function.

In the same paper Niven also proved that

where h(1) = 1, h(n) = the smallest exponent appearing in the unique prime factorization of each natural number n > 1, o is little o notation, and the constant c is given by

and consequently that

Ivan M. Niven
Ivan Morton Niven (October 25, 1915 –  May 9, 1999) was a Canadian-American number theorist best remembered for his work on Waring's problem. He worked for many years as a professor at the University of Oregon, and was president of the Mathematical Association of America. He wrote several books on mathematics.
Vedran Zrnić
Vedran Zrnić (born 26 September 1979) is a Croatian former professional handball player. He is World champion from 2003, and Olympic champion from 2004 with the Croatia national team. He received a silver medal at the 2005 World championship.

He was born in Zagreb, on 26 September 1979.

Croatia men's national handball team
The Croatia national handball team (Croatian: Hrvatska rukometna reprezentacija) represents Croatia at international handball competitions and is governed by the Croatian Handball Federation (HRS). Since their Independence in 1991 Croatia has won 16 medals at main international competitions, the biggest being winning the gold medal at the Olympic Games twice and one World Championship title, and played in the final of the European Championship three times. The Croatian national team's victory at the 1996 Olympics is often credited as one of the biggest upsets in the history of handball. The Croatian national team have also won a so-called "international double", winning the gold medal at the World Championship (2003) and the Olympics (2004).
Petar Rajič
Petar Antun Rajič (born 12 June 1959) is a Croatian/Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1993. He was named Apostolic Nuncio to Italy and San Marino on 11 March 2024.

Apostolic Nunciature to Italy
The Apostolic Nunciature to Italy is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Italy. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.  The Apostolic Nuncio to Italy is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to San Marino upon his appointment to said nation.
Crown Prince Sohyeon
Crown Prince Sohyeon (Korean: 소현세자; Hanja: 昭顯世子, 5 February 1612 – 21 May 1645) was the first son of King Injo of Joseon Dynasty.

Sohyeon was a hostage in the Manchu court at Shenyang, by the terms of the peace treaty concluded after War in 1636. He moved to Beijing in 1644, and communicated with the Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell there. Sohyeon died not long after his return to Korea in 1645.

Injo of Joseon
Injo (Korean: 인조; Hanja: 仁祖; 7 December 1595 – 17 June 1649), personal name Yi Jong (이종; 李倧), was the 16th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was a grandson of King Seonjo and the eldest son of Prince Jeongwon. He ascended to the throne after leading a coup d'état against his uncle, Gwanghaegun, in 1623. Today, Injo is considered a weak and incompetent king, as during his reign the country experienced Yi Gwal's Rebellion, the Later Jin invasion, the Qing invasion, and an economic recession, while the government was corrupt and ineffective.
Bloodthirsty Butchers (film)
Bloodthirsty Butchers is a 1970 horror film directed by Andy Milligan and starring Michael Cox, Linda Driver, Jane Helay, and Bernard Kaler. It is an adaptation of the notorious story of Sweeney Todd. The film was released as a double feature with Torture Dungeon.

Sweeney Todd
Sweeney Todd is a fictional character who first appeared as the villain of the penny dreadful serial The String of Pearls (1846–1847).  The original tale became a feature of 19th-century melodrama and London legend. A barber from Fleet Street, Todd murders his customers with a straight razor and gives their corpses to Mrs. Lovett, his partner in crime, who bakes their flesh into meat pies. The tale has been retold many times since in various media.

Claims that Sweeney Todd was a historical person are disputed strongly by scholars, although possible legendary prototypes exist.
Polotsk
Polotsk or Polatsk is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Dvina River and serves as the administrative center of Polotsk District. Polotsk is served by Polotsk Airport and Borovitsy air base. As of 2025, it has a population of 79,285.

Daugava
The Daugava (/ˈdaʊɡəvə/ DOW-gə-və), also known as the Western Dvina or the Väina River, is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The Daugava rises close to the source of the Volga. It is 1,020 km (630 mi) in length, of which 352 km (219 mi) are in Latvia and 325 km (202 mi) in Russia. It is a westward-flowing river, tracing out a great south-bending curve as it passes through northern Belarus.

Latvia's capital, Riga, bridges the river's estuary four times. Built on both riverbanks, the city centre is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the river's mouth and is a significant port.
UEFA Euro 2028 qualifying
The UEFA Euro 2028 qualifying tournament is an upcoming football competition that will determine the 24 UEFA member men's national teams in the UEFA Euro 2028 final tournament. The competition will be linked with the 2026–27 UEFA Nations League, giving countries a secondary route to qualify for the final tournament.

Up to 55 UEFA member associations may enter the qualifying process.

2026–27 UEFA Nations League
The 2026–27 UEFA Nations League will be the fifth season of the UEFA Nations League, an international association football competition involving the men's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. The competition will be held from September to November 2026 (league phase), March 2027 (League A quarter-finals, and League A/B and B/C play-offs), June 2027 (Nations League Finals) and March 2028 (League C/D play-offs).

Portugal are the defending champions, having won the 2025 finals.
Kentucky Route 693
Kentucky Route 693 (KY 693) is a 5.812-mile-long (9.354 km) east–west state highway located within Greenup County in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The western terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 23 in Wurtland. The eastern terminus is at US 23 in Russell. KY 693 is also known as Diedrich Boulevard in Russell and Bellefonte Road in Flatwoods.

The road was widened from two lanes to three and five lanes from KY 207 in Flatwoods to its eastern terminus at US 23 in Russell in 2000. This involved the construction of two new bridges spanning White Oak Creek.

A section of KY 693 from the Russell/Flatwoods city line to the intersection of KY 207 (Argillite Road) in Flatwoods is also unofficially known as Billy Ray Cyrus Boulevard. The unofficial designation was made in honor of the Flatwoods native in 2004.

Kentucky Route 207
Kentucky Route 207 (KY 207) is a 23.9-mile-long (38.5 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The highway connects mostly rural areas of Carter and Greenup counties with Argillite and Flatwoods.
Jondal Municipality
Jondal is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 247.08-square-kilometre (95.40 sq mi) municipality existed from 1863 until its dissolution in 2020. The area is now part of Ullensvang Municipality in the traditional district of Hardanger in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Jondal. Other villages in the municipality included Herand, Kysnesstranda, and Torsnes.

Prior to its dissolution in 2020, the 247.08-square-kilometre (95.40 sq mi) municipality was the 305th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Jondal Municipality was the 387th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,087. The municipality's population density was 4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population had increased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Hordaland
Hordaland (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn] ⓘ) was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipality, which is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county, apart from Hordaland. On 1 January 2020, the county was merged with neighbouring Sogn og Fjordane county, to form the new Vestland county.