hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shihab al-Din al-Ramli
Shihab al Din, Abu al-‘Abbas, Ahmad bin Ahmad bin Hamzah al Ramli, al-Munufi, al Misri, al-Ansari al Shafi’i (Arabic: شهاب الدين الرملي) also known as Shihab al-Din al-Ramli (d. 957 AH / 1550 CE) was an Egyptian Sunni Imam, Alim, Shaykh al-Islam, the scholar’s scholar of his time. He was one of the most prominent Shafi'i jurist and muhaddith in his age. In hadith, he was peerless and hadith disciples would gather in droves from East to West to seek his ijaza as he possessed the world's strongest chain. As a superior isnad, Shihab al-Din received hadiths from his renowned master, Zakariyya al-Ansari who in turn received directly through Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. In fiqh, he was a mujtahid and along and with his student Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, represents the foremost authority for fatwa for the entire late Shafi'i school.

Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
Shaykh al-Islām Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī al-Makkī al-Anṣārī known as Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī al-Makkī (Arabic: ابن حجر الهيتمي المكي) was a renowned Sunni Egyptian scholar. He was the leading jurist of the Shafi'i school of thought, a mujtahid, muhaddith, historian and theologian. He came from the Banu Sa'd tribe who settled in the Al-Sharqiah province in Egypt. Ibn Hajar was specialized in Islamic Jurisprudence and well known as a prolific writer of the Shâfi'î school.  With Shihab al-Din al-Ramli, he represents the foremost resource for fatwa (legal opinion) for the entire late Shâfi‘î school.
Hanna's town resolves
The Hanna's Town Resolves were a list of statements adopted at Hanna's Town, the contemporary seat of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, on May 16, 1775, at the onset of the American Revolutionary War. Written in response to the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Hanna's Town Resolves were one of the most direct challenges to British authority in their North American colonies preceding the Declaration of Independence.

Site of Old Hannastown
The site of Old Hannastown is an historic, American archaeological site that is located in Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
The Accomplisht Cook
The Accomplisht Cook is an English cookery book published by the professional cook Robert May in 1660, and the first to group recipes logically into 24 sections. It was much the largest cookery book in England up to that time, providing numerous recipes for boiling, roasting, and frying meat, and others for salads, puddings, sauces, and baking. Eight of the sections are devoted to fish, with separate sections for carp, pike, salmon, sturgeon, and shellfish. Another section covers only eggs; and the next only artichokes.

The book was one of the few cookery books published during the Commonwealth of Oliver Cromwell, and free of the plagiarism common at its time. It made early use of two ingredients brought to Europe from the Americas, the potato and the turkey.

Robert May (cook)
Robert May (1588 – in or after 1664) was an English professional chef who trained in France and worked in England. He is best known for writing and publishing the 1660 cookbook The Accomplisht Cook. It was the first major book of English recipes, and contains instructions for many soups and broths, as well as recipes for both sweet and savoury pies.
Henriette Wyeth
Henriette Wyeth Hurd (October 22, 1907 – April 3, 1997) was an American artist noted for her portraits and still life paintings. The eldest daughter of illustrator N.C. Wyeth, she studied painting with her father and brother Andrew Wyeth at their home and studio in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania.

After she and artist Peter Hurd married, they moved to San Patricio, New Mexico, in the mid-1930s and raised their three children on a ranch there. They were both inspired by the landscape and eventually had a 2200-acre ranch. One of her well-known quotes is: "I don't know what is important and what is unimportant, so I call it all immensely important."

N. C. Wyeth
Newell Convers Wyeth (October 22, 1882 – October 19, 1945) was an American painter and illustrator. He was a student of Howard Pyle and became one of America's most well-known illustrators. Wyeth created more than 3,000 paintings and illustrated 112 books — 25 of them for Scribner's, the Scribner Classics, which is the body of work for which he is best known. The first of these, Treasure Island, was one of his masterpieces and the proceeds paid for his studio. Wyeth was a realist painter at a time when the camera and photography began to compete with his craft. Sometimes seen as melodramatic, his illustrations were designed to be understood quickly. Wyeth, who was both a painter and an illustrator, understood the difference, and said in 1908, "Painting and illustration cannot be mixed—one cannot merge from one into the other."

He is the father of Andrew Wyeth and the grandfather of Jamie Wyeth, both also well-known American painters.
Yujiao Town
Yujiao Town (simplified Chinese: 玉滘镇; traditional Chinese: 玉滘鎮; pinyin: Yùjiào Zhèn) is located in south east China. It is a township-level administrative unit under the jurisdiction of Jiedong District, Jieyang City, Guangdong Province.

Yujiao Town has a population of 46,361 (according to the census in 2010) and a total area of 32.93 km², with the population density of 1,408/km².

Jiedong, Jieyang
Jiedong District (simplified Chinese: 揭东区; traditional Chinese: 揭東區; pinyin: Jiēdōng Qū; Teochew: gêg4 dong1 ku1), formerly Jiedong County, is a district of eastern Guangdong province, China. It is under the administration of Jieyang City.  According to the 2020 Chinese census, the district has a population of 931,719 under its hukou(household registration) system.  Amongst them, 507,382 are downtown residents.
Archduke
Archduke (feminine: archduchess; German: Erzherzog, feminine form: Erzherzogin) was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of emperor, and roughly equal to that of king, prince-(arch)bishop, and grand duke, but above that of sovereign prince and duke.

The territory ruled by an archduke or archduchess was called an archduchy. All remaining archduchies ceased to exist in 1918. The current head of the House of Habsburg is Karl Habsburg.

Grand duke
Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly:

in present-day Luxembourg, the last surviving Grand Duchy

historically by the sovereigns of former independent countries, such as Tuscany (from 1569 to 1860, now part of Italy)

in Baden, Hesse, Oldenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (officially simply the Grand Duchy of Saxony) – grand duchies from 1815 to 1918, and all now part of Germany

formerly also in some countries in Northern Europe, such as the Grand Duchy of Finland or the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

currently by claimants to the Russian Imperial Throne (eg. Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia)
Kurudu Island
Kurudu Island is an island which lies east of Yapen Island in Cenderawasih Bay, lying off the north coast of Papua Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 20.18 km2 and had a population of 1,585 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,687.  Administratively, the island forms a district (distrik) within the Yapen Islands Regency, and is sub-divided into 8 villages (desa) of which the administrative centre is Kirimbri. Its inhabitants speak the Kurudu language, one of the Yapen languages.

Yapen Islands Regency
Yapen Islands Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in Papua Province of eastern Indonesia. It covers an area of 2,429.03 km2 (937.85 sq mi), and had a population of 82,951 at the 2010 Census and 112,676 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 116,214 (comprising 59,587 males and 56,627 females). It comprises an archipelago which lies in Cenderawasih Bay off the north coast of Western New Guinea.
Denmark national football team results (1960–1969)
This is a list of Association football games played by the Denmark national football team between 1960 and 1969. During the 1960s, the Danish national team played 91 games, winning 40, drawing 13, and losing 38. In these games, they scored 195 goals, while conceding 160 to their opponents. The first game of the 1960s was the May 26, 1960, game against Norway, the 234th overall Danish national team game. The last game of the 1960s was the October 22, 1969, game against Hungary, the 324th game of the Danish national team.

Denmark national football team results
For lists of Denmark national football team results see:

Denmark national football team results (1908–1929)

Denmark national football team results (1930–1949)

Denmark national football team results (1950–1959)

Denmark national football team results (1960–1969)

Denmark national football team results (1970–1979)

Denmark national football team results (1980–1989)

Denmark national football team results (1990–1999)

Denmark national football team results (2000–2009)

Denmark national football team results (2010–2019)

Denmark national football team results (2020–present)

Denmark national football team results (unofficial matches)
Northumbrian Water Group
Northumbrian Water Group plc (NWG) is the holding company for several companies in the water supply, sewerage and waste water industries. Its largest subsidiary is Northumbrian Water Limited (NWL), which is one of ten companies in England and Wales that are regulated water supply and sewerage utilities. NWL is the principal water supplier in the north-east of England, where it trades as Northumbrian Water, and also supplies water to part of eastern England, as Essex and Suffolk Water. In 2011 it was acquired by Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings.

Essex and Suffolk Water
Essex and Suffolk Water is a water supply company in the United Kingdom. It operates in two geographically distinct areas, one serving parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, and the other serving parts of Essex and Greater London. The total population served is 1.8 million. Essex and Suffolk is a 'water only' supplier, with sewerage services provided by Anglian Water and Thames Water within its areas of supply. It is part of the Northumbrian Water Group.
Four-pillar accounting system
The four-pillar accounting system was a single-entry method that originated in China in the 9th–10th centuries. It developed as an improvement on the earlier three-pillar system. The four-pillar method gained widespread adoption during the Song dynasty and remained the standard used in the state administration of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the mid-15th century, larger merchants and banks began replacing it with a hybrid of single-entry and double-entry procedures known as the three-leg bookkeeping system. This, in turn, was later supplanted by fully double-entry systems—most notably the Dragon Gate bookkeeping system in the late 16th century and the four-leg bookkeeping system in the mid-18th century.

Three-leg bookkeeping
The three-leg bookkeeping, also known as the three-leg accounting, was a combination of single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping used in the Ming Chinese economy from the mid-15th century onwards. It was an improvement on the four-pillar balancing method, a single-entry system used in earlier centuries. The method was primarily used by larger merchants and bankers until the late Ming period (1570–1640), when a double-entry system called "Dragon Gate bookkeeping" emerged among bankers, followed by the development of double-entry four-leg bookkeeping in the mid-18th century.
Stephen J. Cannell
Stephen Joseph Cannell (/ˈkænəl/; February 5, 1941 – September 30, 2010) was an American television producer, writer, novelist, actor, and founder of Cannell Entertainment (formerly Stephen J. Cannell Productions) and The Cannell Studios.

After starting his career as a television screenwriter, Cannell created or co-created several dozen successful TV series from the 1970s to the 1990s, often with his creative partner Frank Lupo. Cannell's creations include The Rockford Files, The A-Team, Renegade, The Greatest American Hero, 21 Jump Street, and The Commish. He also wrote novels, notably the Shane Scully mystery series.

Frank Lupo
Frank Lupo (January 22, 1955 – February 18, 2021) was an American television writer and producer who created or co-created many successful TV series from the 1970s to the 1990s. In collaboration with Stephen J. Cannell, Lupo created such shows as The A-Team, Renegade, Riptide, Wiseguy and Hunter. He also served as the executive producer for Walker, Texas Ranger during its first full season.

Lupo died of cardiac arrest at his home in Florida on February 18, 2021, at age 66.
Angry Birds Star Wars II
Angry Birds Star Wars II was a 2013 puzzle video game and a crossover between Star Wars and the Angry Birds series. It is the seventh Angry Birds game, developed by Rovio Entertainment, and is a prequel to Angry Birds Star Wars, based on the Star Wars prequel trilogy as well as the television show Star Wars Rebels. In the game, birds and pigs play the roles of characters from the Star Wars prequel trilogy. Characters from the original trilogy and the television show Star Wars Rebels also make appearances in the form of a bird or a pig.

Angry Birds Star Wars II was released on September 18, 2013. It was discontinued on February 3, 2020, along with Angry Birds Star Wars and Angry Birds Rio.

Angry Birds Star Wars
Angry Birds Star Wars is a 2012 puzzle video game developed and published by Rovio Entertainment in conjunction with LucasArts. It is the sixth game in the Angry Birds series, and is a crossover with the Star Wars franchise; it combines gameplay from previous Angry Birds games with elements from the Star Wars original trilogy, with several Angry Birds characters portraying Star Wars characters. The game initially released for mobile devices and personal computers on November 8, 2012, before being ported to home video game consoles by Activision in late 2013. The mobile version was praised by critics, and was downloaded over 100 million times, whereas the console ports received negative criticism. A sequel, titled Angry Birds Star Wars II, was released in 2013.
Circles of latitude between the 55th parallel south and the 80th parallel south
Following are circles of latitude between the 55th parallel south and the 80th parallel south.
The 55th parallel south, crossing the southernmost point of Chile, is the last line of latitude moving southward to touch any part of any continent other than Antarctica, other than minor outlying islands.

Circles of latitude between the 50th parallel south and the 55th parallel south
Following are circles of latitude between the 50th parallel south and the 55th parallel south. These circles of latitude generally pass through Chile and Argentina, and through minor outlying islands in Oceania.
La Boqueria
The Mercat de Sant Josep de la Boqueria (Catalan: [məɾˈkad də ˈsaɲ ʒuˈzɛb də lə βukəˈɾi.ə]; Spanish: Mercado de San José de la Boquería), usually simply referred to as La Boqueria, is a large public market in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, and one of the city's foremost tourist landmarks, with an entrance from La Rambla, not far from the Liceu, Barcelona's opera house. The market has a very diverse selection of goods.

La Rambla, Barcelona
La Rambla (Catalan pronunciation: [lə ˈramblə]) is considered the most well known street in central Barcelona. A tree-lined pedestrian street, it stretches for 1.2 kilometres (3⁄4 mile) connecting  the Plaça de Catalunya in its center with the Christopher Columbus Monument at Port Vell. La Rambla forms the boundary between the neighbourhoods of the Barri Gòtic to the east and the El Raval to the west.

La Rambla can be crowded, especially during the height of the tourist season. It hosts a combination of eateries, shops, markets, and cultural institutions.

The Spanish poet Federico García Lorca once said that La Rambla was "the only street in the world which I wish would never end."
Marbled cat
The marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) is a small wild cat native from the eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia, where it inhabits forests up to an elevation of 2,500 m (8,200 ft). As it is present in a large range, it has been listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List since 2015.

The marbled cat is closely related to the Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) and the bay cat (C. badia), all of which diverged from other felids about 9.4 million years ago.

Bay cat
The bay cat (Catopuma badia), also known as the Bornean bay cat, is a small wild cat endemic to the island of Borneo that appears to be relatively rare compared to sympatric wild cats, based on the paucity of historical, as well as recent records. Since 2002, it has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List because it is estimated that fewer than 2,500 mature individuals exist, and that the population declined in the past. The bay cat has been recorded as rare and seems to occur at relatively low density, even in pristine habitats.
Palais Leuchtenberg
The Palais Leuchtenberg, (known between 1853 and 1933 as the Luitpold Palais or Prinz Luitpold Palais) built in the early 19th century for Eugène de Beauharnais, first Duke of Leuchtenberg, is the largest palace in Munich. Located on the west side of the Odeonsplatz (Odeon Square), where it forms an ensemble with the Odeon, it currently houses the Bavarian State Ministry of Finance. It was once home to the Leuchtenberg Gallery on the first floor.

Odeon (Munich)
The Odeon is a former concert hall in the Odeonsplatz in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, which is named after it. Built in the early 19th century to a design by Leo von Klenze and forming a counterpoint to the externally identical Palais Leuchtenberg, it was rebuilt after being almost totally destroyed in World War II and now houses the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior.
Hideki Shirakawa
Hideki Shirakawa (白川 英樹, Shirakawa Hideki; born August 20, 1936) is a Japanese chemist, engineer, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Tsukuba and Zhejiang University. He is best known for his discovery of conductive polymers. He was co-recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Alan MacDiarmid and Alan Heeger.

Alan J. Heeger
Alan Jay Heeger (born January 22, 1936) is an American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry.

Heeger was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 2002 for co-founding the field of conducting polymers and for pioneering work in making these novel materials available for technological applications.
V engine
A V engine, sometimes called a Vee engine, is a common configuration for internal combustion engines. It consists of two cylinder banks—usually with the same number of cylinders in each bank—connected to a common crankshaft. These cylinder banks are arranged at an angle to each other, so that the banks form a "V" shape when viewed from the front of the engine.

V engines typically have a shorter length than equivalent inline engines, however the trade-off is a larger width. V6, V8 and V12 engines are the most common layout for automobile engines with 6, 8 or 12 cylinders respectively.

V6 engine
A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration.

The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye. Engines built after World War II include the Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia, and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special.  The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines.
Alamo Rent a Car
Alamo Rent a Car is a rental car agency based in Clayton, Missouri, United States. The company has branches across North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and Oceania. Alamo is owned by Enterprise Holdings, along with other agencies including Enterprise Rent-A-Car and National Car Rental. Alamo typically caters to budget-conscious leisure travelers and is the largest car rental provider to international travelers visiting North America.

National Car Rental
National Car Rental is a private American rental car agency based in Clayton, Missouri, United States. National is owned by Enterprise Holdings, along with other agencies including Enterprise Rent-A-Car, and Alamo Rent a Car. National typically caters to business travelers through its Emerald Club loyalty program that allows frequent customers to pick their own vehicles without stopping to fill out forms or deal with customer representatives.
Platform for Catalonia
Platform for Catalonia (Catalan: Plataforma per Catalunya, PxC) was a far-right political party rooted in Catalonia, Spain, which centred its political agenda around controlling immigration and was opposed to Catalan independence. It was strongly anti-Islamic and was widely considered a racist, xenophobic political force. Its leader was Josep Anglada, town councillor in Vic.

PxC had eight local representatives, often in cities with tensions between locals and immigrants. They did not have any representatives at the provincial, regional or national level. In 2014, the faction of PxC supporting Catalan independence splintered to form a new far-right pro-independence party called "Som Catalans" (We are Catalans). PxC merged with the Spanish nationalist party VOX in February 2019.

Som Catalans
Som Catalans (SOM; English: "We are Catalans") is a xenophobic and independentist party, active in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia and founded in 2014 by Ester Gallego and Enric Ravello, following a scission from Platform for Catalonia.

The party, classified as part of the identitarian movement, maintains relations with other European movements such as Vlaams Belang (Flanders, Belgium), Lega Nord (Italy), and Casal Europa (Northern Catalonia, France).

In the 2015 local elections, the party contested in Vic without obtaining any representation. In the 2019 local elections, the party contested in Llagostera, Sabadell, Sant Feliu de Guíxols and Ripoll without obtaining any representation anywhere.
Pie menu
In user interface design, a pie menu or radial menu is a circular context menu where selection depends on direction. It is a graphical control element. A pie menu is made of several "pie slices" around an inactive center and works best with stylus input, and well with a mouse. Pie slices are drawn with a hole in the middle for an easy way to exit the menu.

Pie menus work well with keyboard acceleration, particularly four and eight item menus, on the cursor keys and the number pad. A goal of pie menus is to provide a smooth, reliable gestural style of interaction for novices and experts. A slice can lead to another pie menu; selecting this may center the pointer in the new menu.

A marking menu is a variant of this technique that makes the menu less sensitive to variance in gesture size.

As a kind of context menu, pie menus are often context-sensitive, showing different options depending on what the pointer was pointing at when the menu was requested.

Context menu
A context menu (also called contextual, shortcut, and pop up or pop-up menu) is a menu in a graphical user interface (GUI) that appears upon user interaction, such as a right-click mouse operation. A context menu offers a limited set of choices that are available in the current state, or context, of the operating system or application to which the menu belongs. Usually the available choices are actions related to the selected object. From a technical point of view, such a context menu is a graphical control element.