hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carrie Buck
Carrie Elizabeth Buck (July 3, 1906 – January 28, 1983) was the plaintiff in the United States Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell, after having been ordered to undergo compulsory sterilization for purportedly being "feeble-minded" by her foster parents after their nephew raped and impregnated her. She had given birth to an illegitimate child without the means to support it. The surgery, carried out while Buck was an inmate of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, took place under the authority of the Sterilization Act of 1924, part of the Commonwealth of Virginia's eugenics program.

Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded
The Virginia State Colony for the Epileptics and Feeble Minded was a state run institution for those considered to be “Feeble minded” or those with severe mental impairment.  The colony opened in 1910 near Lynchburg, Virginia, in Madison Heights with the goal of isolating those with mental disabilities and other qualities deemed unfit for reproduction away from society. The colony was the home of Carrie Buck, the subject of the landmark Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell.
Running board
A running board or footboard is a narrow step fitted for passenger transport under the side doors of a compartment train, tram (cable car, trolley, or streetcar in North America), car, or truck. It aids entry, especially into high vehicles, and is typical of vintage trams and cars, which had much higher ground clearances than today's vehicles. It is also used as a fashion statement on vehicles that would not otherwise require it. The origin of the name running board is obscure; the first running boards predate automobiles and were installed on carriages as early as the 17th century.

Compartment coach
A compartment coach is a railway passenger coach (US: passenger car) divided into separate areas or compartments, with no means of moving between compartments.

The compartment coach should not be confused with the corridor coach which also has separate compartments but, by contrast, has a corridor down one side of the coach interior onto which the compartment doors open.
Kumsusan Palace of the Sun
The Kumsusan Palace of the Sun (Korean: 금수산태양궁전), formerly the Kumsusan Memorial Palace (금수산기념궁전), is the mausoleum where the preserved bodies of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, the eternal leaders of Juche Korea, are displayed. Located near the northeast corner of the city of Pyongyang, the memorial has been renovated from the Kumsusan Assembly Hall (금수산의사당), Kim Il Sung's official residence and office.

The palace has been described as the "sacred temple of Juche" (주체의 최고성지) and is noted in the Socialist Constitution as the "eternal sanctuary of the entire Korean nation," being preserved as a national landmark.

Constitution of North Korea
The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the communist state constitution of North Korea. It was approved by the 6th Supreme People's Assembly at its first session on 27 December 1972, and has been amended and supplemented in 1992, 1998, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2019 (twice), 2023, 2024 and 2025. It replaced the country's first constitution which was approved in 1948.

The constitution consists of seven chapters and 172 articles and codifies North Korea's basic principles on politics, economy, culture and national defense, the basic rights and duties of the country's citizens, the organization of the North Korean government and the country's national symbols.

North Korea is also governed by the Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System, which some claim have come to supersede the constitution and in practice serve as the supreme law of the country.
Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi
The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi (kana: 三菱ふそう・エアロミディ) is a step-entrance, low entry and low floor midibus produced by the Japanese manufacturer  Mitsubishi Fuso. It is primarily available as public buses and sightseeing buses ranged from lengths of 7.0m to 10.1m. The range can be built as either a complete bus or a bus chassis.

The Mitsubishi Fuso MK Series was built between 1974 and 1988. The Aero Midi appeared in 1988 after the replacement for the MK Series. The Aero Midi ceased production in 2007 and replaced by the Aero Midi-S in 2008. After the Aero Midi-S ceased production in 2010, production of the Aero Midi city bus recommenced in the following year. The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi is the low entry and smaller version of the low floor Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star city bus.

Fuso (company)
The Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation (Japanese: 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社, Hepburn: Mitsubishi Fusō Torakku・Basu Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese manufacturer of trucks and buses. It is headquartered in Kawasaki, Kanagawa and  owned by Germany-based Daimler Truck.

Fuso derives from the ancient Chinese term fusang (扶桑), for a sacred tree said to grow at the spot in the east where the sun rises, and has been used to refer to Japan itself. The actual fuso tree is a hibiscus.
Delphinus
Delphinus is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, close to the celestial equator. Its name  is the Latin version for the Greek word for dolphin (δελφίς). It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. It is one of the smaller constellations, ranked 69th in size. Delphinus' five brightest stars form a distinctive asterism symbolizing a dolphin with four stars representing the body and one the tail. It is bordered (clockwise from north) by Vulpecula, Sagitta, Aquila, Aquarius, Equuleus and Pegasus.

Delphinus is a faint constellation with only two stars brighter than an apparent magnitude of 4, Beta Delphini (Rotanev) at magnitude 3.6 and Alpha Delphini (Sualocin) at magnitude 3.8.

Beta Delphini
Beta Delphini (β Delphini, abbreviated Beta Del, β Del) is a binary star in the constellation of Delphinus. It is the brightest star in Delphinus.

The two components of the system are designated Beta Delphini A (officially named Rotanev /ˈroʊtənɛv/, which is historically the name of the system) and B.
Unchained Memories
Unchained Memories: Readings from the Slave Narratives is a 2003 American documentary film about the stories of former slaves interviewed during the 1930s as part of the Federal Writers' Project and preserved in the WPA Slave Narrative Collection. This HBO film interpretation directed by Ed Bell and Thomas Lennon is a compilation of slave narratives, narrated by actors, emulating the original conversation with the interviewer.  The slave narratives may be the most accurate in terms of the everyday activities of the enslaved, serving as personal memoirs of more than two thousand former slaves.  The documentary depicts the emotions of the slaves and what they endured.  The "Master" had the opportunity to sell, trade, or kill the enslaved, for retribution should one slave not obey.

Federal Writers' Project
The Federal Writers' Project (FWP) was a federal government project in the United States created to provide jobs for out-of-work writers and to develop a history and overview of the United States, by state, cities and other jurisdictions. It was launched in 1935 during the Great Depression. It was part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a New Deal program. It was one of a group of New Deal arts programs known collectively as Federal Project Number One or Federal One.

FWP employed thousands of people and produced hundreds of publications, including state guides, city guides, local histories, oral histories, ethnographies, and children's books. In addition to writers, the project provided jobs to unemployed librarians, clerks, researchers, editors, and historians.
Anglican Bishop of Zanzibar
The Bishop of Zanzibar is the Diocesan of an island diocese in the Anglican Church of Tanzania. Its current bishop is Michael Hafidh. The bishop's seat is Christ Church, Zanzibar, the Anglican cathedral in Stone Town, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Anglican Church of Tanzania
The Anglican Church of Tanzania (ACT; Swahili: Kanisa la Anglikana la Tanzania) is a province of the Anglican Communion based in Dodoma. It consists of 28 dioceses (27 on the Tanzanian mainland, and 1 on Zanzibar) headed by their respective bishops. It seceded from the Province of East Africa in 1970, which it shared with Kenya. The current primate and archbishop is Maimbo Mndolwa, enthroned on 20 May 2018. In 2002, the Anglican Church of Tanzania claimed 2.5 million members. In 2016, peer-review research in the Journal of Anglican Studies, published by Cambridge University Press, reported that there were 2,000,000 members of the Anglican Church of Tanzania. In 2017, Growth and Decline in the Anglican Communion: 1980 to the Present, published by Routledge, collected research reporting there were 3,318,000 Anglicans in Tanzania.

Christianity portal
Shmuel Auerbach
Shmuel Auerbach (Hebrew: שמואל אוירבך; September 21, 1931 – February 24, 2018) was a Haredi rabbi in Jerusalem. Considered a leader in the non-Hasidic Haredi community in Israel, his followers formed a political organisation known as the Jerusalem Faction.

Jerusalem Faction
The Jerusalem Faction (Hebrew: הפלג הירושלמי, romanized: HaPeleg HaYerushalmi, or simply Peleg Yerushalmi) is an Israeli Haredi political organization based in Jerusalem. It was founded in 2012 by Shmuel Auerbach as a reaction to the Bnei Brak-based Degel HaTorah's perceived moderate approach to the question of conscription of Haredim into the Israel Defence Forces by the Israeli government that came up following the expiration of the Tal Law.

The organization is known for its civil disobedience against Haredi conscription that takes the form of street demonstrations that often end in arrests. It has its own newspaper, Hapeles, and political party, Bnei Torah which has won city council seats in Jerusalem, Bnei Brak, and Modi'in Illit. It has been referred to as "hard-line", "extremist", and "radical".
Jerry Coons Jr.
Jerry Coons Jr. (born April 21, 1972) is an American racecar driver. He currently competes in the United States Auto Club sprint car, midget, and Silver Crown divisions. He is one of only six drivers to win the USAC Triple Crown, with championships in the USAC Sprint Car, Midget, and Silver Crown divisions. At the close of the 2017 season, Coons has nineteen USAC Midget wins, seventeen USAC Sprint Car wins, and seven USAC Silver Crown wins.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
DigiPen Institute of Technology
DigiPen Institute of Technology is a private for-profit university in Redmond, Washington. It also has campuses in Singapore and Bilbao, Spain. DigiPen offers bachelors' and masters' degree programs in computer science, game design, digital art and animation, and audio programming and design.

Redmond, Washington
Redmond is a city in King County, Washington, United States, located 15 miles (24 km) east of Seattle. The population was 73,256 at the 2020 census.

Redmond is best known as the home of Microsoft and Nintendo of America. The city has a large technology industry in addition to being a bedroom community for Seattle, which lies across Lake Washington on State Route 520.

With an annual bike race on city streets and the state's only velodrome, Redmond is also known as the "Bicycle Capital of the Northwest".
Kangaroo rat
Kangaroo rats, small mostly nocturnal rodents of genus Dipodomys, are native to arid areas of western North America. The common name derives from their bipedal form. They hop in a manner similar to the much larger kangaroo, but developed this mode of locomotion independently, like several other clades of rodents (e.g., dipodids and hopping mice).

Hopping mouse
A hopping mouse is any of about ten different Australian native mice in the genus Notomys. They are rodents, not marsupials, and their ancestors are thought to have arrived from Asia about 5 million years ago.

All are brown or fawn, fading to pale grey or white underneath, have very long tails and, as the common name implies, well-developed hind legs. Half of the hopping mouse species have become extinct since European colonisation. The primary cause is probably predation from introduced foxes or cats, coupled with competition for food from introduced rabbits and hoofed mammals. A hopping mouse's primary diet is seeds. An Australian hopping mouse can concentrate urine to as high as 10,000 mOsm/L (10-20 times higher than a human). This allows it to survive in the desert without drinking water.
Storage Management Initiative – Specification
The Storage Management Initiative Specification, commonly called SMI-S, is a computer data storage management standard developed and maintained by the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA). It has also been ratified as an ISO standard. SMI-S is based upon the Common Information Model and the Web-Based Enterprise Management standards defined by the Distributed Management Task Force, which define management functionality via HTTP. The most recent approved version of SMI-S is available on the SNIA website.

The main objective of SMI-S is to enable broad interoperable management of  heterogeneous storage vendor systems. The current version is SMI-S 1.8.0 Rev 5. Over 1,350 storage products are certified as conformant to SMI-S.

Storage Networking Industry Association
The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) is an American trade association, incorporated in December 1997. It is a registered 501(c)(6) non-profit organization. SNIA has more than 185 unique members, 2,000 active contributing members, and over 50,000 IT end users and storage professionals.
Buckingham Fountain
Buckingham Fountain is a Chicago Landmark in the center of Grant Park, between Queen's Landing and the end of Ida B. Wells Drive.  Dedicated in 1927 and donated to the city by philanthropist Kate S. Buckingham, it is one of the largest fountains in the world.  Built in a rococo wedding cake style and inspired by the Latona Fountain at the Palace of Versailles, its design allegorically represents nearby Lake Michigan.  The fountain operates generally from mid-April to mid-October, with regular water-jet displays and evening colored-light shows.  During the winter, the fountain is decorated with festival lights.

Kate Sturges Buckingham
Kate Sturges Buckingham (1858–1937) was an American art collector and philanthropist. She collected medieval sculpture, tapestries, and decorative arts. She is best known for her gifts to the city of Chicago, specifically the Buckingham Fountain in Grant Park, a statue honoring Alexander Hamilton in Lincoln Park, and her family's art collection to the Art Institute of Chicago.
Catherine Schell
Catherine Schell (born Katherina Freiin Schell von Bauschlott, 17 July 1944) is a Hungarian-born British actress who came to prominence in British film and television productions from the 1960s. Her notable roles include the Bond girl Nancy in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), Lady Claudine Litton in The Return of the Pink Panther (1975), Countess Scarlioni in the Doctor Who serial City of Death (1979), and a regular role as Maya in Year Two of the television series Space: 1999 (1976-1977).

Space: 1999
Space: 1999 is a British science fiction television programme that ran for two series from 1975 to 1977. It was first telecast on Australia's Channel 7 Melbourne, starting on 28 July 1975. The programme, set in the year 1999, follows the 311 inhabitants of Moonbase Alpha, which is hurtling uncontrollably into space due to an explosion of nuclear waste stored on the Moon's far side.

Space: 1999 was the final production by the partnership of Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and was, at the time, the most expensive series produced for British television, with a combined £6.8 million budget. The first series was co-produced by ITC Entertainment and Italian broadcaster RAI, while the second was produced solely by ITC.
Der Freitag
Der Freitag (literally The Friday, stylized der Freitag) is a German weekly national newspaper, established in 1990 and published in Berlin. It focuses on politics, culture and the economy, and is published in Rhenish format. The newspaper's publisher is Jakob Augstein, who was also editor from 2013 to 2022. Augstein and other family members control 24% of German news magazine Der Spiegel. The newspaper has won several awards, such as European Newspaper of the Year and World's Best Designed Newspaper.

European Newspaper Award
European Newspaper Award is a design competition for European newspapers. The competition was founded and organized by newspaper designer Norbert Küpper from Meerbusch, Germany. He co-operates with the journalist magazines Medium Magazin (Frankfurt), Der Österreichische Journalist (Salzburg), and Schweizer Journalist (Oberuzwil). The first winners were announced in 1999.

In 2013 there were 20 different award categories and the winners would be announced around 15 November.

The following is a list of all winners of the title "European Newspaper of the Year":
Ardrossan
Ardrossan (/ɑːrˈdrɒsən/; from Scottish Gaelic  Àird Rosain 'headland of the small promontory') is a town on the North Ayrshire coast in southwestern Scotland. The town has a population of 10,670 and forms part of a conurbation with Saltcoats and Stevenston known as the 'Three Towns'. Ardrossan is located on the east shore of the Firth of Clyde, and is the main terminal of Caledonian MacBrayne ferry services operating from mainland Scotland to the Isle of Arran.

The town is home to the Ardrossan Wind Farm, and is home to a number of businesses and organisations including Cunningham Housing Association. The town is served by two secondary schools – Ardrossan Academy and St Matthews Academy. A new 2–18 curriculum campus is currently under construction, and will include Ardrossan Academy and Winton Primary School & Early Years on the former Shell oil refinery site.

Ardrossan Wind Farm
The 24 megawatt (MW) Ardrossan Wind Farm in Ardrossan, North Ayrshire, Scotland was officially opened on 10 August 2004. The Vestas factory in Argyll, which now employs more than 200 people, has supplied the wind turbines for the Airtricity development. The company is providing access to the site for schools and other interested community groups to learn more about wind power.

The Guardian has reported that the Ardrossan Wind Farm has been "overwhelmingly accepted by local people". A local councillor wrote that "The turbines are impressive looking, bring a calming effect to the town and, contrary to the belief that they would be noisy, we have found them to be silent workhorses".

In the Hurricane Bawbag storms of December 2011, one of the turbines of the wind farm catastrophically failed in a ball of fire.
2000 United States presidential election in Wyoming
The 2000 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 7, 2000, and was part of the 2000 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Wyoming was won by incumbent Texas Governor George W. Bush by a massive 40.06% margin of victory, and his 67.76% of the popular vote made the state his strongest victory in the 2000 election. He was accompanied on the Republican ticket by vice presidential nominee Dick Cheney, formerly a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming's at-large district.

As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last time a Republican won Teton County, and thus is also the last time a nominee of any party carried every county in the state, even though subsequent Republican nominees such as Donald Trump have exceeded Bush's share of the overall vote in Wyoming.

Teton County, Wyoming
Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 23,331. Its county seat is Jackson. Its west boundary line is also the Wyoming state boundary shared with Idaho and the southern tip of Montana. Teton County is part of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area. Teton County contains the Jackson Hole ski area, all of Grand Teton National Park, and 40.4% of Yellowstone National Park's total area, including over 96.6% of its water area (largely in Yellowstone Lake).
Albert Roux
Albert Henri Roux OBE (8 October 1935 – 4 January 2021) was a French restaurateur and chef. He and his brother Michel operated Le Gavroche in London's Mayfair, the first restaurant in the UK to gain three Michelin stars. He helped train a series of chefs that went on to win Michelin stars, and his son, Michel Roux, Jr., continued to run Le Gavroche until January 2024.

Le Gavroche
Le Gavroche (The Urchin) was a restaurant at 43 Upper Brook Street in Mayfair, London. It was opened in April 1967 by Michel and Albert Roux at 61 Lower Sloane Street, its premises until 1981. Albert's son Michel Roux Jr was the chef patron from 1991 until its closure in 2024. It was the first restaurant in the UK to be awarded three Michelin stars, which it held from 1982 to 1993.

The restaurant offered classical French food, although some dishes were more modern. Notable dishes included the Soufflé Suissesse (cheese soufflé baked on double cream); Le Caneton Gavroche (whole poached duck in a light consommé served with three sauces for two); and Omelette Rothschild. Its name came from the character Gavroche in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables.

In August 2023, Michel Roux Jr. announced that the restaurant would close at the end of its lease in January 2024, after over 56 years of business. The restaurant's final day of trading was on 13 January 2024.
Write-once (cache coherence)
In cache coherency protocol literature, Write-Once was the first MESI protocol defined. It has the optimization of executing write-through on the first write and a write-back on all subsequent writes, reducing the overall bus traffic in consecutive writes to the computer memory. It was first described by James R. Goodman in (1983). Cache coherence protocols are an important issue in Symmetric multiprocessing systems, where each CPU maintains a cache of the memory.

MESI protocol
The MESI protocol is an invalidate-based cache coherence protocol, and is one of the most common protocols that support write-back caches. It is also known as the Illinois protocol due to its development at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Write back caches can save considerable bandwidth generally wasted on a write through cache. There is always a dirty state present in write-back caches that indicates that the data in the cache is different from that in the main memory. The Illinois Protocol requires a cache-to-cache transfer on a miss if the block resides in another cache. This protocol reduces the number of main memory transactions with respect to the MSI protocol. This marks a significant improvement in performance.