hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tibetan script
The Tibetan script is a segmental writing system, or abugida, forming a part of the Brahmic scripts, and used to write certain Tibetic languages, including Tibetan, Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Jirel and Balti. Its exact origins are a subject of research but is traditionally considered to be developed by Thonmi Sambhota for King Songtsen Gampo.

The Tibetan script has also been used for some non-Tibetic languages in close cultural contact with Tibet, such as Thakali and Nepali. The printed form is called uchen script while the hand-written form used in everyday writing is called umê script. This writing system is especially used across the Himalayan Region.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
James Wilks
James Brett Wilks (born 5 April 1978) is an English former professional mixed martial artist. As a professional competitor from 2003 until 2012, he competed for the UFC, King of the Cage, and was the winner of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom

The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom
The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom is the ninth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter. It began production in January 2009, and began airing on Spike on April 1, 2009. The season featured Lightweight fighters (146–155 lb) and Welterweight fighters (156–170 lb). In order to be considered for the show, a fighter had to have competed in at least three professional bouts prior to the tryouts in October 2008.

UFC Middleweight fighter and winner of The Ultimate Fighter 3, Michael Bisping served as one of the two coaches. The other coach was Dan Henderson. Henderson earned his place as a coach at UFC 93 by defeating Rich Franklin.

Bisping and Henderson fought each other at UFC 100 on July 11, 2009. Henderson defeated Bisping at the event via second-round knockout.
Auður Laxness
Auður Sveinsdóttir Laxness (20 July 1918 – 29 October 2012) was an Icelandic writer and craftswoman, credited with influencing the design and popularity of the Icelandic Lopapeysa sweater during the mid-20th century. Her husband was Icelandic Nobel Literature laureate Halldór Laxness, and Auður worked as his secretary and writing collaborator for many years. In 2002, Auður received the Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon for her contributions to Icelandic culture.

Lopapeysa
A lopapeysa (Icelandic: [ˈlɔːpaˌpʰeiːsa]) or Icelandic sweater is an Icelandic style of sweater originating in the early or mid-20th century, at a time when imports had displaced older and more traditional Icelandic clothing and people began to search for new ways to utilize the plentiful native wool. The design has since become a national icon for Icelandic cultural identity.
Jim Furyk
James Michael Furyk (born May 12, 1970) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour and the PGA Tour Champions. In 2010, he was the FedEx Cup champion and PGA Tour Player of the Year. He has won one major championship, the 2003 U.S. Open. Furyk holds the record for the lowest score in PGA Tour history, a round of 58 which he shot during the final round of the 2016 Travelers Championship, and has earned notoriety for his unorthodox golf swing.

In September 2006 he reached a career high of second in the Official World Golf Ranking. He ranked in the top-10 for over 440 weeks between 1999 and 2016.

2003 U.S. Open (golf)
The 2003 United States Open Championship was the 103rd U.S. Open, held June 12–15 at the North Course of Olympia Fields Country Club in Olympia Fields, Illinois, a suburb south of Chicago. Jim Furyk won his only major championship, three shots ahead of runner-up Stephen Leaney. With a total score of 272, Furyk tied the record for the lowest 72-hole score in U.S. Open history, also achieved in 2000, 1993 and 1980 (and since lowered to 268 in 2011).  Another record was equalled by Vijay Singh, who tied Neal Lancaster's 9-hole record of 29 on the back nine of his second round.

This was the fourth major held at Olympia Fields; it hosted the U.S. Open in 1928 and the PGA Championship in 1925 and 1961.
Sylvia Ratnasamy
Sylvia Ratnasamy (born c. 1976) is a Belgian-Indian computer scientist. She is best known as one of the inventors of the distributed hash table (DHT). Her doctoral dissertation proposed the content-addressable networks, one of the original DHTs, and she received the ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award in 2014 for this work. She is currently a professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

Grace Murray Hopper Award
The ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for a single, significant technical or service contribution to computer science by a person (or group of people) before the age of 35. As of 2025, 51 people have been awarded the prize, with the most recent recipient being Ilias Diakonikolas, who won in 2024.

The award is named after Grace Hopper (1906–1992), a pioneer in computing and a rear admiral in the United States Navy. Hopper is often credited as being the one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer and with writing the first computer manual. The award is accompanied by a prize of US$35,000, with financial support provided by Microsoft. The first recipient, in 1971, was Donald Knuth.
Daedalus
In Greek mythology, Daedalus (UK: /ˈdiːdələs/, US: /ˈdɛdələs/ ⓘ; Greek: Δαίδαλος; Latin: Daedalus; Etruscan: Taitale) was a skillful architect and craftsman, seen as a symbol of wisdom, knowledge and power. He is the father of Icarus, the uncle of Perdix, and possibly also the father of Iapyx. Among his most famous creations are the wooden cow for Pasiphaë, the Labyrinth for King Minos of Crete which imprisoned the Minotaur, and wings that he and his son Icarus used to attempt to escape Crete. It was during this escape that Icarus did not listen to his father's warnings and flew too close to the Sun; the wax holding his wings together melted and Icarus fell to his death.

Minos
In Greek mythology, Minos (/ˈmaɪnɒs, -nəs/ ⓘ; Greek: Μίνως, [mǐːnɔːs]) was a king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, King Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld alongside Rhadamanthus and Aeacus.

Archeologist Sir Arthur Evans used King Minos as the namesake for the Minoan civilization of Crete. The Minoan palace at Knossos is sometimes referred to as the Palace of Minos though there is no evidence that Minos was a real person.
Snow cave
A  snow cave is a shelter constructed from snow by certain animals in the wild, human mountain climbers, winter recreational enthusiasts, and winter survivalists. It has thermal properties similar to an igloo and is particularly effective at providing protection from wind as well as low temperatures. A properly made snow cave can be 0 °C (32 °F) or warmer inside, even when outside temperatures are −40 °C (−40 °F).

Igloo
An igloo (Inuit languages: iglu or  illu, Inuktitut syllabics ᐃᒡᓗ [iɣˈlu]; plural: igluit ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ [iɣluˈit]), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of suitable snow.

Although igloos are often associated with all Inuit, they were traditionally used only by the people of Canada's Central Arctic and the Qaanaaq area of Greenland. Other Inuit tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from whalebone and hides.

Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an insulator. Known as the igloo effect, on the outside, temperatures may be as low as −45 °C (−49 °F), but on the inside, the temperature may range from −7 to 16 °C (19 to 61 °F) when warmed by body heat alone.
Green Hills Country Club
Green Hills Country Club, located in Millbrae, California, is a private members-only country club located on the San Francisco peninsula approximately 20 minutes south of the city. Green Hills was originally known as the Union League Golf and Country Club of San Francisco when it was built in 1929, opening in 1930.

Green Hills Country Club has hosted a number of prestigious tournaments, including the U.S. Open and Senior Open qualifying.  For many decades, the club was host of the annual Professional Baseball Player-Babe Ruth Cancer Fund golf tournament with stars such as Ty Cobb, Bing Crosby, Lefty O'Doul, Leo Durocher and many others.

Millbrae, California
Millbrae is a city in northern San Mateo County, California, United States. To the northeast is San Francisco International Airport; San Bruno is to the northwest, and Burlingame is to the southeast. It is bordered by San Andreas Lake to the southwest. The population was 23,216 at the 2020 census. Millbrae has Sister City relationships with La Serena, Chile and Mosta, Malta, as well as a friendship city agreement with Hanyu, Japan, Taishan, China, Ramallah, Palestine, and Dongguan, China.
Camila Mendes
Camila Carraro Mendes (/kəˈmiːlə ˈmɛndɛz/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈmẽdʒis]; born June 29, 1994) is an American actress. She made her acting debut portraying Veronica Lodge on The CW teen drama series Riverdale (2017–2023), for which she won a Teen Choice Award in 2017. Mendes transitioned her career to film, taking on supporting roles in The New Romantic (2018), The Perfect Date (2019), and Palm Springs (2020). She has since played leading roles in the black comedy film Do Revenge (2022), and the romantic comedies Upgraded (2024) and Música (2024), also serving as an executive producer for the latter two.

Música (2024 film)
Música is a 2024 American coming-of-age romantic comedy film starring and directed by Rudy Mancuso in his feature film directorial debut. Mancuso also co-wrote the screenplay with Dan Lagana and composed the film’s original soundtrack. Camila Mendes and J.B. Smoove co-star.

Música had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 14, 2024, and was released by Amazon Prime Video on April 4, 2024. It is based in part on Mancuso's personal experience.
Kole Rašić
Nikola Rašić (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Рашић; ca. 1839 – August 6, 1898), known as Kole Rašić (Коле Рашић) was a Serb revolutionary and guerilla fighter, who led a cheta of 300 men between Niš and Leskovac in Ottoman areas during the Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878). He later became a politician in liberated Niš. He was a merchant by profession, who on his trip to Russia met with Miloš Obrenović and decided to stay in Niš to prepare a future liberation with the help of the Serbian Army. Rašić was one of the founders and organizers of the Niš Committee, established in 1874, with the goal of liberating the Niš Sanjak. His unit joined general Mikhail Chernyayev in 1876.

Niš Committee
The Serbian Liberation Committee of the Sanjak of Niš, known as the Niš Committee (Serbian: Нишки комитет/Niški komitet) was a Serb revolutionary organisation (national liberation movement) based in Niš, established in 1874, with the aim of not only liberating Niš and its immediate surroundings, but also the whole of the Sanjak of Niš, including Leskovac, Pirot, Vranje, Breznica, and Tran, from the hands of the Ottoman Empire.
Jerry Cornelius
Jerry Cornelius is a fictional character created by English author Michael Moorcock. The character is an urban adventurer and an incarnation of the author's Eternal Champion concept. Cornelius is a hipster of ambiguous and occasionally polymorphous gender. Many of the same characters feature in each of several Cornelius books, though the individual books have little connection with one another, having a more metafictional than causal relationship. The first Jerry Cornelius book, The Final Programme, was made into a 1973 film starring Jon Finch and Jenny Runacre. Notting Hill in London features prominently in the stories.

The Final Programme (film)
The Final Programme (U.S. title The Last Days of Man on Earth) is a 1973 British fantasy science fiction film directed by Robert Fuest, and starring Jon Finch and Jenny Runacre. It was written by Fuest based on the 1968 Jerry Cornelius novel of the same name by Michael Moorcock. It is the only Moorcock novel to have reached the screen and has been called "an interesting document of an important period in British science fiction literature."
Gail Asper
Gail Sheryl Asper OC OM (born 1960) is a Canadian heiress, philanthropist, and corporate lawyer. Daughter of the media magnate Izzy Asper, she serves as the president and a trustee of the Asper Foundation.

She is known for bringing to Winnipeg, Manitoba, the $351-million Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR)—the first national museum in Canada to be established outside of the capital region, and whose image now adorns Canada's $10 bill as of 2018. The Asper Foundation itself is the private charitable organization that spearheaded the establishment of the CMHR. On 26 August 2008, the Harper government appointed Asper to the board of trustees of the CMHR.

She was associated with the Liberal Party of Canada and the Manitoba Liberal Party. In 2021 she contributed $3,000 to the campaign of Manitoba conservative Heather Stefanson.

Canadian Museum for Human Rights
The Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR; French: Musée canadien pour les droits de la personne) is a Canadian Crown corporation and national museum located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, adjacent to The Forks. The purpose of the museum is to "explore the subject of human rights with a special but not exclusive reference to Canada, to enhance the public's understanding of human rights, to promote respect for others and to encourage reflection and dialogue."

Established in 2008 through the enactment of Bill C-42, an amendment of The Museums Act of Canada, the CMHR is the first new national museum created in Canada since 1967, and it is Canada's first national museum ever to be located outside the National Capital Region. The Museum held its opening ceremonies on 19 September 2014.

The Friends of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights is the charitable organization responsible for attracting and maintaining all forms of philanthropic contributions to the Museum.
Liberty Township, Butler County, Ohio
Liberty Township is a suburb of Cincinnati located in Butler County, Ohio. It is one of thirteen townships in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 43,999 at the 2020 census. It is located on the east-central part of the county, just south of the city of Monroe.

Butler County, Ohio
Butler County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 390,357. Its county seat and largest city is Hamilton. It is named for General Richard Butler, who died in 1791 during St. Clair's defeat. Located along the Great Miami River, it is also home to Miami University, a public university founded in 1809.
Butler County is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Piwi
Piwi (or PIWI) genes were identified as regulatory proteins responsible for stem cell and germ cell differentiation. Piwi is an abbreviation of P-element Induced WImpy testis in Drosophila. Piwi proteins are highly conserved RNA-binding proteins and are present in both plants and animals. Piwi proteins belong to the Argonaute/Piwi family and have been classified as nuclear proteins. Studies on Drosophila have also indicated that Piwi proteins have no slicer activity conferred by the presence of the Piwi domain. In addition, Piwi associates with heterochromatin protein 1, an epigenetic modifier, and piRNA-complementary sequences. These are indications of the role Piwi plays in epigenetic regulation. Piwi proteins are also thought to control the biogenesis of piRNA as many Piwi-like proteins contain slicer activity which would allow Piwi proteins to process precursor piRNA into mature piRNA.

Argonaute
The Argonaute protein family, first discovered for its evolutionarily conserved stem cell function, plays a central role in RNA silencing processes as essential components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC is responsible for the gene silencing phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). Argonaute proteins bind different classes of small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Small RNAs guide Argonaute proteins to their specific targets through sequence complementarity (base pairing), which then leads to mRNA cleavage, translation inhibition, and/or the initiation of mRNA decay.

The name of this protein family is derived from a mutant phenotype resulting from mutation of AGO1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, which was likened by Bohmert et al. to the appearance of the pelagic octopus Argonauta argo.
Alfred Wainwright
Alfred Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 – 20 January 1991), who preferred to be known as A. Wainwright or A.W., was a British fellwalker, guidebook author and illustrator. His seven-volume Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, published between 1955 and 1966 and consisting entirely of reproductions of his manuscript, has become the standard reference work to 214 of the fells of the English Lake District. Among his 40-odd other books is the first guide to the Coast to Coast Walk, a 182-mile (293-kilometre) long-distance footpath devised by Wainwright which remains popular today.

Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells
A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells is a series of seven books by A. Wainwright, detailing the fells (the local word for hills and mountains) of the Lake District in northwest England. Written over a period of 13 years from 1952, they consist entirely of reproductions of Wainwright's manuscript, hand-produced in pen and ink with no typeset material.

The series has been in print almost continuously since it was first published between 1955 and 1966, with more than 2 million copies sold. It is still regarded by many walkers as the definitive guide to the Lakeland mountains. The 214 fells described in the seven volumes have become known as the Wainwrights. As of 2013 the LDWA register of those who have climbed all the fells listed 674 names. The Wainwright Society maintains a "register of current Society members who have climbed all 214 fells".
Seoul National University station
Seoul National University Station is a station on Seoul Subway Line 2, located in Bongcheon-dong, Gwanak-gu of southern Seoul. This station is also known as Gwanak-gu Office Station. There are eight exits, two at each corner of the crossroads – of Nambu Beltway (Nambusunhwan-ro) and Gwanak-ro – where the station lies beneath.

Seoul National University Station has one curved island platform, which is wide in the middle and narrow at both ends. The platform screen doors were installed for both tracks by 2006. Escalators are available between the platform and the waiting/ticketing area. Despite being named the Seoul National University Station, Seoul National University is actually approximately 1.75 kilometres (1.09 mi) south of the station; it typically takes more than thirty minutes to reach the university on foot from the station.

In The Amazing Race 4, teams had to find this station (which was labeled only as Station 228) to obtain the next route marker.

Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.
Eastern Sierra Regional Airport
Eastern Sierra Regional Airport (IATA: BIH, ICAO: KBIH, FAA LID: BIH) is two miles east of Bishop, in Inyo County, California, United States. The land is leased from the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The airport is owned and operated by Inyo County.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Dusky leaf-nosed bat
The dusky leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros ater) is a bat from the genus Hipposideros whose habitat extends from India and Sri Lanka to the Philippines, New Guinea and Northern Australia. This species is counted in the H. bicolor species group and was formerly classified within that species.

The genus name Hipposideros comes from the Greek words for "horse" (ἴππος) and "iron" (σίδηρος) and means "horseshoe"; a reference to the complex nose that species in this genus are known for. The generic designation ater is Latin for "black" and notes the relative dark color of this species's coat.

Hipposideros
Hipposideros is one of the most diverse genera of bats, with more than 70 species.  They are collectively called roundleaf bats after the shape of their nasal ornament. It is the type genus of the family Hipposideridae. It is divided into species groups based on morphology.

Some species that were previously placed in Hipposideros are now placed in the related genera Doryrhina and Macronycteris. Conversely, the genus Paracoelops, which was considered distinct until 2012, is now synonymized with Hipposideros, as the only species turned out to be based on a specimen of Hipposideros pomona.
Institute of Physics Edward Appleton Medal and Prize
The Edward Appleton Medal and Prize is awarded by the Institute of Physics for distinguished research in environmental, earth or atmospheric physics.  Originally named after Charles Chree, the British physicist and former President of the Physical Society of London, it was renamed in 2008 to commemorate Edward Victor Appleton, winner of the Nobel Prize for proving the existence of the ionosphere.

Edward Appleton
Sir Edward Victor Appleton (6 September 1892 – 21 April 1965) was a British physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1947 for his contributions to the knowledge of the ionosphere, which led to the development of radar and shortwave radio.