hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc., 553 U.S. 617 (2008), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court reaffirmed the validity of the patent exhaustion doctrine. The decision made uncertain the continuing precedential value of a line of decisions in the Federal Circuit that had sought to limit Supreme Court exhaustion doctrine decisions to their facts and to require a so-called "rule of reason" analysis of all post-sale restrictions other than tie-ins and price fixes. In the course of restating the patent exhaustion doctrine, the Court held that it is triggered by, among other things, an authorized sale of a component when the only reasonable and intended use of the component is to engage the patent and the component substantially embodies the patented invention by embodying its essential features. The Court also overturned, in passing, that the exhaustion doctrine was limited to product claims and did not apply to method claims.

Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart, Inc.
Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart, Inc., 976 F.2d 700 (Fed. Cir. 1992) is a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, in which the court appeared to overrule or drastically limit many years of U.S. Supreme Court precedent affirming the patent exhaustion doctrine, for example in Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell.
Comitative case
In grammar, the comitative case (abbreviated COM) is a grammatical case that denotes accompaniment.: 17–23  In English, the preposition "with", in the sense of "in company with" or "together with", plays a substantially similar role. Other uses of "with", like in the meaning of "using" or "by means of" (I cut bread with a knife), correspond to the instrumental case or related cases.

Instrumental case
In grammar, the instrumental case (abbreviated INS or INSTR) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.
Funtopia
Funtopia is an international chain of family entertainment centers headquartered in Sofia, Bulgaria, owned by Adventure Facility Concepts & Management, a subsidiary of Bulgarian climbing wall and active entertainment manufacturer Walltopia. Funtopia centers feature amusement climbing walls, trampoline parks, ropes courses, and obstacle courses.

The first Funtopia location opened in 2013 in Sofia, and the chain currently has 11 locations in 5 countries, including both corporate-owned and franchised sites.

Walltopia
Walltopia AD is a Bulgarian climbing wall and active entertainment manufacturer. It was founded in 1998 by Ivaylo Penchev and Metin Musov. Originally exclusively a climbing wall and other artificial rock surfaces manufacturer, since 2012 the company portfolio expanded into adventure park concepts and management.

Walltopia is currently the largest manufacturer of artificial climbing walls in the world by volume.
Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 (Act No.35 of 2013; previously Bill No.66 of 2013) was an Act of the Oireachtas which, until 2018, defined the circumstances and processes within which abortion in Ireland could be legally performed. The act gave effect in statutory law to the terms of the Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court in the 1992 judgment in the X Case. That judgment allowed for abortion where pregnancy endangers a woman's life, including through a risk of suicide. The provisions relating to suicide had been the most contentious part of the bill. Having passed both Houses of the Oireachtas in July 2013, it was signed into law on 30 July by Michael D. Higgins, the President of Ireland, and commenced on 1 January 2014. The 2013 Act was repealed by the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018, which commenced on 1 January 2019.

X Case
Attorney General v X [1992] 1 IR 1 (more commonly known as the "X Case") is a landmark decision of the Irish Supreme Court which established the right of Irish women to an abortion if a pregnant woman's life was at risk because of pregnancy, including the risk of suicide.
Odd Werin
Rear Admiral Odd Sten-Eric Werin (born 12 January 1958) is a retired Swedish Navy officer. Werin graduated from the Royal Swedish Naval Academy in 1981 and advanced to rear admiral in 2010, holding command positions including the 2nd Surface Combat Flotilla and the Navy Command. He also served in senior staff roles, such as chief of defence planning and Sweden's military representative to the EU and NATO. Later, he worked with the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, leading its Navy Department and Navy Materiel Business Area. Since 2021, he has held CEO roles in defense and consulting companies, including Odds Solutions AB and Scandinavian Astor Group AB.

Maritime Component Command
Maritime Component Command (Swedish: Marinens taktiska stab, MTS) was a part of the Joint Forces Command of the Swedish Armed Forces. The staff was located at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in Stockholm and is headed by the Chief of Navy. The Maritime Component Command commanded the operations of the Swedish Navy forces.
Stephen M. Young (diplomat)
Stephen Markley Young (born 1951) is an American diplomat who was the consul general of the Consulate General of the United States in Hong Kong under the State department in the Obama administration.

He took office in March 2010. As consul general, Young was responsible for the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions. He was the director of the American Institute in Taiwan, the de facto United States embassy of Taiwan in Taipei, from March 18, 2006 to July 3, 2009. He was a member of the faculty at the National Defense University's Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy, located at Fort Lesley J. McNair. Young served as the U.S. ambassador to the Kyrgyz Republic from 2003 to 2005.

Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau
The Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau, represents the United States in Hong Kong and Macau.

It has been located at 26 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, since the late 1950s. The consul general is Julie A. Eadeh, who has served since August 2025.

Due to Hong Kong and Macau's special status, and in accordance with the United States–Hong Kong Policy Act, the U.S. consulate general to Hong Kong operates as an independent mission, with the consul general as the "chief of mission" (with title of "ambassador)". The consul general to Hong Kong and Macau is not under the jurisdiction of the United States ambassador to China, and reports directly to the U.S. Department of State as do other chiefs of mission, who are ambassadors in charge of embassies.

All recent consuls-general are at the career minister rank in the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, whereas many other ambassadors are only minister counsellor.
Llanblethian
Llanblethian (Welsh: Llanfleiddian) is a village in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales which sits upon the River Thaw. It makes up part of the community of Cowbridge with Llanblethian, which consists of the village itself, the larger market town of Cowbridge and Aberthin.

Llanblethian first came to prominence as one of the manor lordships created by the Norman lords following the Norman invasion of Wales. It was first ruled by the St. Quentins before being taken over by the Siwards. Under the Norman lordship power in the region shifted from the village to nearby Cowbridge, where manorial affairs were conducted. Llanblethian has several fine large buildings including an early 18th century great house, a 12th-century church dedicated to St John the Baptist and its own castle, a largely ruinous structure but with a fine gatehouse known locally as St Quintins Castle.

St Quintins Castle
St Quintins Castle (also known as St Quentins Castle and Llanblethian Castle, Welsh: Castell Llanfleiddan) is a castle located in the village of Llanblethian, Cowbridge, Wales. It is a scheduled monument and a Grade II* listed building and is under the care of Cadw. The site was first occupied with a defensive structure in about 1102 and the gatehouse and further building work took place around 1312. It was later used as a prison and was reported as being in a ruinous state by 1741.
Walcott, Iowa
Walcott (/ˈwɔlkɔt/ WAWL-cawt, sometimes locally [ˈwɔlkət]) is a city in Muscatine and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 1,551 at the time of the 2020 census. Walcott's interchange on Interstate 80 is home to an enormous complex of restaurants, motels and truck stops, including the Iowa 80 truck stop, which is the world's largest.

Most of Walcott is part of the Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, but the Muscatine County portion of the city is considered part of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Quad Cities
The Quad Cities is a region of five cities in the U.S. states of Iowa and Illinois: Davenport and Bettendorf in southeastern Iowa, and Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline in northwestern Illinois. These cities are the center of the Quad Cities metropolitan area, a region within the Mississippi River Valley, which as of 2023, had a population estimate of 467,817 and a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population of 474,019, making it the 90th-largest CSA in the nation.
1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash
On 24 June 1956, a British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) four-engined Canadair C-4 Argonaut airliner crashed into a tree on departure from Kano Airport in Nigeria, three crew and 29 passengers were killed.

Canadair North Star
The Canadair North Star is a 1940s Canadian development, for Trans-Canada Air Lines (TCA), of the Douglas DC-4. Instead of radial piston engines used by the Douglas design, Canadair used Rolls-Royce Merlin V12 engines to achieve a higher cruising speed of 325 mph (523 km/h) compared with the 246 mph (396 km/h) of the standard DC-4. Requested by TCA in 1944, the prototype flew on 15 July 1946. The type was used by various airlines and by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). It proved to be reliable but noisy when in service through the 1950s and into the 1960s. Some examples continued to fly into the 1970s, converted to cargo aircraft.
Sacred Heart Academy (Hamden, Connecticut)
Sacred Heart Academy is a young women's college preparatory, Roman Catholic high school in Hamden, Connecticut, and part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford.  It is run by the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, an order of religious sisters founded in Italy by Mother Clelia Merloni. The school is located atop Mt. Sacred Heart, which is the U.S. Provincialate of the sisters. Their team mascot is the Shark. Their brother school is Notre Dame High School West Haven, Connecticut, and their sister school is Cor Jesu Academy in St. Louis, Missouri.

Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
The Congregation of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (ASCJ), previously known as the Missionary Zelatrices of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, is an international congregation of religious women, founded in Viareggio, Italy, in 1894, by the Blessed Mother Clelia Merloni (1861–1930).
Alexandra Pelosi
Alexandra Corinne Pelosi (born October 5, 1970) is an American journalist, documentary filmmaker, and writer. She is a daughter of Nancy Pelosi, the former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, and Paul Pelosi.

Paul Pelosi
Paul Francis Pelosi Sr. (born April 15, 1940) is an American businessman who owns and operates Financial Leasing Services, Inc., a San Francisco–based real estate and venture capital investment and consulting firm. He was the owner of the Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League. He is married to Nancy Pelosi, the 52nd speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

In October 2022, Pelosi was severely assaulted after a man wielding a hammer broke into his San Francisco home. Pelosi survived with a skull fracture. The assailant, David DePape, initially targeting Pelosi's wife, was convicted of federal offenses in 2023.
Cobalt Blue (film)
Cobalt Blue is an Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Sachin Kundalkar starring Prateik Babbar, Dr. Neelay Mehendale, and Anjali Sivaraman. It is adapted from the novel of the same name that follows the story of a brother and sister who fall in love with the same man and the ensuing events that shatter their traditional conservative family. The film was released on 2 April 2022 after some initial delays.

Cobalt Blue (novel)
Cobalt Blue is a 2013 fictional drama novel by Indian film director, screenwriter and playwright Sachin Kundalkar. It was the debut novel of Kundalkar and first published in 2006 in Marathi language, it was re-released in English in 2013 with translation by Jerry Pinto. The story follows two siblings, Tanay and Anuja, who fall in love with their paying guest at their house in Pune. The novel deals with the theme of sexuality, family and society.
Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan
The Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Silahlı Qüvvələrinin Hərbi Orkestr Xidməti) is the official military band service of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. It is part of the command structure of the Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan.

Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Müdafiə Nazirliyi) or MN is an Azerbaijani government agency that is associated with the Azerbaijani military. The ministry is responsible for keeping Azerbaijan defended against external threats, preserving its territorial integrity, waging war on behalf of Azerbaijan (for example, Azerbaijan's contribution to the war on terror), and the surveillance of the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea sea and airspace. The Minister of Defence is appointed and removed from the post by the Commander-in-chief of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, the President of Azerbaijan.

The ministry building is located in Baku, at 3 Parliament Avenue.
Marrie Wieczorek
Marrie Wieczorek is an English former football manager and player. She spent her entire career with Middlesbrough, some 20 years as a player, before becoming manager in 1996.

Wieczorek earned 3 caps for England, and received the legacy number 47. She is the first female Middlesbrough player to play for England.

Middlesbrough F.C. Women
Middlesbrough Football Club Women (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə) is an English women's football club. Founded in 1976, they compete in the FA Women's National League North, the third level of English women's football, with home games played at Bishopton Road West, Stockton.

Middlesbrough were founding members of the Northern Combination in 1998, and spent much of their early history in the third and fourth tiers of woman's football, aside from a brief spell in the second tier FA Premier League Northern Division from 2002 to 2006. The club officially became re-affiliated with the men's team in 2023, following a period of independent ownership beginning in 2017.

Middlesbrough also have a reserve side competing in the FA Women's National League Reserve Northern Division. Their home games are played at Middlesbrough College.
Tumanyan, Armenia
Tumanyan (Armenian: Թումանյան), is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia's northern Lori Province, on the banks of the Debed River and in the middle of the Debed Canyon. It's 149 km (93 mi) north of the capital Yerevan, and 131 km (81 mi) from Tbilisi. The nearby villages of Kober kayaran, Shamut, Lorut, Ahnidzor, Atan, Marts and Karinj are also part of the Tumanyan community.

Ahnidzor
40°54′36″N 44°49′17″E﻿ / ﻿40.91000°N 44.82139°E﻿ / 40.91000; 44.82139

Ahnidzor (Armenian: Ահնիձոր), is a village in the Lori Province of Armenia. It belongs to the municipality of Tumanyan. The village is best known as the birthplace of writer Hrant Matevosyan. It has a wonderful nature surrounded by mountains and forests.
America (2009 film)
America is a 2009 American made-for-television drama film directed by Yves Simoneau and starring Rosie O'Donnell, Ruby Dee and Philip Johnson. It was written by Joyce Eliason. The film is based on the young adult novel America by E. R. Frank. It premiered on February 28, 2009, on Lifetime.

E. R. Frank
E. R. Frank is an American fiction writer, clinical social worker and psychotherapist. She writes young adult or teen fiction, and middle-grade fiction.

Frank won the Teen People Book Club NEXT Award for her first novel Life Is Funny, which was published by DK Ink in 2000. Her 2003 novel America was made into a 2009 television movie starring Rosie O'Donnell and Philip Johnson.

Frank is the granddaughter of Gerold Frank, a best-selling American biographer and ghostwriter. She graduated from Vassar College in 1990.

As a therapist, Frank specializes in adults and adolescents who have undergone psychological trauma. According to a 2004 interview for Vassar's alumni publication, she "uses books, and discussion of literary characters" in her practice. She also told the interviewer, "Writing is therapeutic for me. It's how I process my experiences as a social worker."

Her book America was removed from public school libraries in Martin County, Florida.
Heriberto Hernandez
Heriberto S. "Ed" Hernandez (July 23, 1948 – December 5, 1968) was a fireman in the United States Coast Guard.

He was a fireman on board a Point Class cutter, the USCGC Point Cypress, during the War in Vietnam.  He was killed in the course of a reconnaissance mission on the Rach Nang River when his fiberglass boat came under automatic weapons fire from a riverside bunker operated by the Viet Cong.  Hernandez, along with the other two crew members, was hit by several rounds.  Although brought back aboard the Point Cyprus, Hernandez was declared dead soon after.  He received a posthumous Bronze Star for valor.

USCGC Point Cypress
USCGC Point Cypress (WPB-82326) was an 82-foot (25 m) Point-class cutter constructed at the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland in 1961 for use as a law enforcement and search and rescue patrol boat. Since the Coast Guard policy in 1961 was not to name cutters under 100-foot (30 m) in length, it was designated as WPB-82326 when commissioned and acquired the name Point Cypress in January 1964 when the Coast Guard started naming all cutters longer than 65-foot (20 m).
Hassan Pirnia
Hassan Pirnia (Persian: حسن پیرنیا ‎; 1871 – 20 November 1935), titled Moshir-od-Dowleh, was a prominent politician of 20th-century Iran. He held a total of twenty-four posts during his political career, serving four times as Prime Minister of Iran. He was also a historian, co-founding the Society for the National Heritage of Iran.

Hossein Pirnia
Hossein Pirnia, also known as Mo'tamen al Molk (Persian: حسین پیرنیا; 1875–1948) was an Iranian politician. His father, Mirza Nasrullah Khan, and his elder brother, Hassan Pirnia, both served as Prime Minister of Iran.
Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes (TV series)
Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes (Russian: Зулейха открывает глаза, romanized: Zuleikha otkrivaet glaza) is a Russian television historical fiction drama series based on the novel Zuleikha by Guzel Yakhina and aired on channel Russia-1 in April 2020. The series stars Chulpan Khamatova as Zuleikha Valieva, a peasant woman from the Tatar village in the Soviet Union.

Zuleikha (novel)
Zuleikha (Russian: Зулейха́ открыва́ет глаза́, romanized: Zuleykha otkryvayet glaza) [“Zuleykha Opens Her Eyes”] is a debut novel written in 2015 by the Russian author Guzel Yakhina. It describes the lives of various people, including the titular protagonist, struggling to survive in exile in Siberia from 1930 to 1946.

The book won the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award and the Big Book Award in 2015. It has been translated into twenty-one languages.

The first sentence of the novel is "Zuleihka opens her eyes." This sentence in the novel serves as a leitmotiv. Whenever Zuleihka begins to notice or learn something new about herself or her surroundings, the sentence "Zuleihka opens her eyes" is repeated multiple times throughout the novel. The novel is considered a bildungsroman because it deals with Zuleihka's personal transformations as a result of the life experiences she gains, and her journey of becoming a strong woman by achieving freedom.
JPS Health Network
The Tarrant County Hospital District (TCHD) does business as the JPS Health Network. It is located in the taxpayer-supported hospital district of Tarrant County, Texas. Headquarters are in the John Peter Smith Hospital at 1500 South Main Street, Fort Worth, Texas, 76104.

Tarrant County, Texas
Tarrant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas with a 2020 U.S. census population of 2,110,640, making it the third-most populous county in Texas and the 15th-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is Fort Worth. Tarrant County, one of 26 counties created out of the Peters Colony, was established in 1849 and organized the next year. It is named after Edward H. Tarrant, a lawyer, politician, and militia leader.

The ancestral homelands of Native American tribes:  Caddo, Tonkawa, Comanche, and Cherokee covered Tarrant County. The Native American tribes resisted settlement and fought to defend their land.  The Battle of Village Creek is a well-known battle that took place in Tarrant County.
Gideon Defoe
Gideon Defoe (born 26 December 1975) is an English novelist of The Pirates!, a historical fiction fantasy comedy book series about a group of pirates on their adventures. He also wrote the screenplay for The Pirates! Band of Misfits which is an Aardman Animations stop-motion animated feature film based on The Pirates! in an Adventure with Scientists, the first book in The Pirates! book series. According to his 2020 book An Atlas of Extinct Countries, Defoe also does film development work with Locksmith Animation and StudioCanal and is developing a TV sitcom with BBC Studios.

The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists is the first book in The Pirates! series  by Gideon Defoe dealing with a hapless crew of pirates. It was published in 2004 by Orion Books (ISBN 0-297-84885-2). The book was adapted into a stop-motion film by Aardman Animations.
The Blood of a Poet
The Blood of a Poet (French: Le Sang d'un poète, pronounced [lə sɑ̃ dœ̃ pɔɛt]) is a 1932 avant-garde film directed by Jean Cocteau, financed by Charles de Noailles and starring Enrique Riveros, a Chilean actor who had a successful career in European films. Photographer Lee Miller made her only film appearance in this movie, which features an appearance by the famed aerialist Barbette. It is the first part of The Orphic Trilogy, which is continued in Orphée (1950) and concludes with Testament of Orpheus (1960).

Lee Miller
Elizabeth "Lee" Miller, Lady Penrose (April 23, 1907 – July 21, 1977) was an American photographer and photojournalist. Miller was a fashion model in New York City in the 1920s before going to Paris, becoming a fashion and fine-art photographer there.

During World War II, she was a war photographer and correspondent for Vogue magazine, covering events such as the London Blitz, the liberation of Paris and the concentration camps at Buchenwald and Dachau. Being a woman, Miller was long denied recognition as an artist in her own right, but her son's discovery and promotion of her work has established her reputation as an art and war photographer.