hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cabinet Secretary for Climate Action and Energy
The Cabinet Secretary for Climate Action and Energy is a Scottish Government Cabinet position with responsibility for the Net Zero and energy (where not reserved) policy of Scotland. The incumbent is Gillian Martin who has held the brief since June 2025. She previously served as Acting Cabinet Secretary for Net Zero and Energy while her predecessor Mairi McAllan was on maternity leave between July 2024 and June 2025.

Màiri McAllan
Màiri Louise McAllan (born 14 February 1993) is a Scottish politician serving as Cabinet Secretary for Housing since 2025. She has previously served as Cabinet Secretary for Net Zero and Energy from 2024 to 2025, Cabinet Secretary for Transport, Net Zero and Just Transition from 2023 to 2024, and Minister for Environment, Biodiversity and Land Reform from 2021 to 2023. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), she has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Clydesdale since 2021. McAllan is a former corporate solicitor, who also served as a special advisor to First Minister Nicola Sturgeon prior to her election to the Scottish Parliament.
Keratin-associated protein
Keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs, KAPs) and keratins are the major components of hair and nails. The content of KRTAPs in hair varies considerably between species, ranging from less than 3% in human hair to 30–40% in echidna quill. Both keratin and KRTAPs are extensively cross-linked in hair through disulfide bonds via numerous cysteine residues in keratins. Given the economic importance of wool, the KRTAP family has been studied intensively in sheep.

Keratin
Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in tetrapod vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.  Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm. The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin.
Keratin comes in two types: the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and the harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds).
2019 Atlantic Heritage Cup
The 2019 Atlantic Heritage Cup was the first edition of the Atlantic Heritage Cup, and is a qualification tournament for the 2020 CONIFA World Football Cup in Skopje, North Macedonia. Yorkshire were announced in March 2019 as hosts, with Parishes of Jersey, Ellan Vannin and Kernow also originally set to participate. All 4 teams are either part of the United Kingdom, or are Crown dependencies. However, Ellan Vannin and Kernow both pulled out for undisclosed reasons, being replaced by Chagos Islands and reducing the tournament to a 3 team format.

2020 CONIFA World Football Cup
The 2020 CONIFA World Football Cup would have been the fourth edition of the CONIFA World Football Cup, an international football tournament for states, minorities, stateless peoples and regions unaffiliated with FIFA organized by CONIFA. Somaliland were originally announced as the tournament host, but were forced to withdraw as hosts in August 2019. It was later announced that the tournament would be held in Skopje, the capital city of North Macedonia, with no CONIFA member as designated host. However, on 23 March 2020 CONIFA announced that the tournament would not be taking place in North Macedonia from 30 May – 7 June because of the coronavirus pandemic. The Tournament was eventually cancelled by CONIFA with the organisation outlining plans to expand continental tournaments.
Symphony No. 35 (Mozart)
Symphony No. 35 in D major, K. 385, also known as the Haffner Symphony, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1782. It was commissioned by the Haffners, a prominent Salzburg family, for the occasion of the ennoblement of Sigmund Haffner the Younger. The Haffner Symphony should not be confused with the eight-movement Haffner Serenade, another piece Mozart wrote on commission from the same family in 1776.

D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.

The D major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Kinohaku
Kinohaku was a Māori woman of the Ngāti Maniapoto tribe in New Zealand's Waikato region. She lived in the seventeenth century and is the eponymous ancestor of the Ngāti Kinohaku sub-tribe (hapū) of Ngāti Maniapoto.

Rereahu
Rereahu was a Māori rangatira (chieftain) of Ngāti Raukawa in the Tainui tribal confederation from the Waikato region, New Zealand. He probably lived in the first half of the seventeenth century. He is the ancestor of the Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Hauā, and Ngāti Korokī Kahukura iwi, and of Rereahu, a group based around  Maniaiti / Benneydale, Pureora, and Maraeroa in Waitomo District, whose status as a separate iwi or as a hapū (sub-tribe) of Ngāti Maniapoto is a matter of dispute.
Martin Linge
Martin Jensen Linge, DSC (11 December 1894 – 27 December 1941) was a Norwegian actor who, in World War II, became the commander of the Norwegian Independent Company 1 (NOR.I.C.1) (pronounced as Norisen by the Norwegians), formed in March 1941 for operations on behalf of the Special Operations Executive.

Norwegian Independent Company 1
Norwegian Independent Company 1 (NOR.I.C.1, pronounced Norisén (approx. "noor-ee-sehn") in Norwegian) was a British  Special Operations Executive (SOE) group formed in March 1941 originally for the purpose of performing commando raids during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. Organised under the leadership of Captain Martin Linge, it soon became a pool of talent for a variety of special operations in Norway.
BAFS Building
BAFS Building is a heritage-listed former pharmacy at 331 & 333 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Lange Leopold Powell and built from 1915 to 1916 by B Cunningham. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 February 2002.

George Street, Brisbane
George Street is a major road in the central business district of Brisbane, Australia. The street is named for King George IV, who was monarch of Australia at the time the Moreton Bay penal settlement was founded, and runs from Roma Street in the north to Alice Street and Parliament House in the south. As one of Brisbane’s oldest urban thoroughfares, it is a hub of commerce and public administration, with numerous departments and agencies of the Queensland Government headquartered along the street and in its immediate vicinity.
6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery
6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery was a Regiment of the Royal Horse Artillery that acted as a training formation during World War II.  It was the last RHA unit to serve in India between December 1945 and April 1947, before being redesignated as 6th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery in Palestine in 1948.

The regiment had an earlier incarnation as F Brigade, RHA, formed from the 2nd Brigade of the Bengal Horse Artillery in 1862 before being broken up in 1877.  It was reestablished in 1901 as VI Brigade, RHA but was broken up at the outbreak of World War I as its constituent batteries were posted to other formations.

I Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery
I Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery was a brigade of the Royal Horse Artillery which existed in the early part of the 20th century.  It was dissolved at the outbreak of World War I as its constituent batteries were posted to other formations.

Post-war, the brigade was reformed, serving in the UK, Egypt and India before being redesignated as 1st Regiment, RHA in May 1938 at Aldershot.

The brigade had an earlier incarnation as A Brigade, RHA, formed from the Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery in 1864 before being broken up in 1889.
Mihr-un-nissa Begum
Mihr-un-nissa Begum (Persian: مهرالنساء بیگم; born c. 1605), also known as Banu Begum (Persian: بانو بیگم) and Bahu Begum (Persian: بہو بیگم), and better known as Ladli Begum (Persian: لاڈلی بیگم), was the daughter of Empress Nur Jahan and her first husband Sher Afgan of the Mughal Empire. She was the wife of Prince Shahryar Mirza, son of Emperor Jahangir.

Shahryar Mirza
Shahryar Mirza (Persian: شهریار میرزا, born Salaf-ud-Din Muhammad Shahryar; 6 January 1605 – 23 January 1628) was the fifth and youngest son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Toward the end of Jahangir’s life, and after his death, Shahryar attempted to claim the throne with the support of his influential stepmother and mother-in-law, Nur Jahan. Although Shahryar briefly held power in Lahore from 7 November 1627 to 19 January 1628, he largely relied on Nur Jahan to govern on his behalf. However, their attempt to secure the throne failed. He was defeated and later executed by his brother Khurram Mirza, who became emperor under the name Shah Jahan. Although Shahryar briefly ruled, he is generally not included in the official list of Mughal emperors.
Ge Cuilin
Ge Cuilin (Chinese: 葛翠琳; 1930–2022) was a Chinese children's author. Known principally for her fairy tales, she also wrote essays, plays, and a novel. She won the National Outstanding Children's Literature Award of the Chinese Writers Association multiple times. Her 1956 fairy tale collection Wild Grape was adapted into a puppet film and translated into several languages. She co-founded the Bing Xin Children's Literature Award with Han Suyin and Bing Xin. She was a member of the All-China Women's Federation and graduated from Yenching University.

Bing Xin Children's Literature Award
The Bing Xin Children's Literary Award (Bing Xin ertong wenxue xinzuo jiang 冰心儿童文学新作奖) is named after the Chinese writer Bing Xin, whose work has made her a key figure in 20th-century Chinese literature. Bing Xin co-founded the award with authors Ge Cuilin and Han Suyin in 1990. It is an annual award intended to "honor the creativity of Chinese Children's literature and in addition to discovering and fostering new authors, supporting and encouraging outstanding children's literature and publishing...".

Bing Xin's daughter Wu Qing continues to be involved with the Bing Xin Children's Literature Award.
New Qing History
The New Qing History (simplified Chinese: 新清史学派; traditional Chinese: 新清史學派, sometimes abbreviated as NQH) is a historiographical school of thought that gained prominence in the mid-1990s with American sinologists in the United States by offering a historical revisionism of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China.

Conquest dynasty
A conquest dynasty (Chinese: 征服王朝; pinyin: Zhēngfú Wángcháo) in the history of China refers to a Chinese dynasty established by non-Han ethnicities which ruled parts or all of China proper, the traditional heartland of the Han people, and whose rulers may or may not have fully assimilated into the dominant Han culture. Four major dynasties have been considered "conquest dynasties": the Liao (916–1125), the Jin (1115–1234), Yuan (1271–1368), and Qing (1644–1912).
President of the Supreme Court of Israel
The President of the Supreme Court of Israel is one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Israel, who serves as head of the body, and as result has a significant impact on the judiciary system in Israel.

The previous president, Esther Hayut, retired on 15 October 2023. As a successor was not selected, Deputy President Yitzhak Amit served as acting President of the Supreme Court. He was selected by the Judicial Selection Committee as president of the Supreme Court in January 2025.

Judicial Selection Committee (Israel)
The Israeli Judicial Selection Committee (Hebrew: הוועדה לבחירת שופטים, romanized: hava'ada livchirat shoftim) is the body that appoints judges to Israeli courts.

The committee was established in 1953, following the enactment of the Judges Law. The founding of the committee was intended to prevent outside political pressure, and so ensure the independence of the judges. Prior to the establishment of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948, by its Declaration of Independence, courts and justices were chosen by the British Mandate, incorporating and adding to earlier Ottoman law.
Suibhne mac Duinnshléibhe
Suibhne mac Duinnshléibhe was a late 12th-century, and early 13th-century, lord in Argyll. He does not appear in contemporary records, although his name appears in the patronymic names of two of his sons. Suibhne appears in the 16th century Leabhar Chlainne Suibhne, which documents the early history of Clann Suibhne. This account claims that he is the ancestor of Irish clan, and that he was the builder of Castle Sween in Knapdale, Argyll. However, other sources suggest the castle was built in the late 11th century by Suibhne MacAnrahan, brother of the High King of Ireland. Suibhne is said to be identical to the "Swineruo", or Suibhne Ruadh ("Suibhne the Red"), recorded in the Ane Accompt of the Genealogie of the Campbells, a 17th-century Clan Campbell genealogy.

Clan Sweeney
Clan Sweeney is an Irish clan of Scottish Highlands origin.  The Mac Suibhne family did not permanently settle in Ireland before the beginning of the 14th century, when they became Gallowglass soldiers for the Ua Domnaill dynasty of Tír Chonaill. The clan also claims an Irish descent from a prince of the Uí Néill dynasty, Ánrothán Ua Néill, son of Áed, son of Flaithbertach Ua Néill, King of Ailech and Cenél nEógain, died 1036. Through this descent the clan can claim a descent from Niall Noigíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages).
Ratnavarma Heggade
Dharmasthala Ratnavarma Heggade was an Indian philanthropist, educationist and legislator who is best known for being the hereditary administrator (Dharmadhikari) of the Dharmasthala Manjunatha Temple from 1955 to 1968.

Veerendra Heggade
Dharmasthala Veerendra Heggade (born 25 November 1948) is an Indian philanthropist and the hereditary administrator of the Dharmasthala Temple in the Indian state of Karnataka. He succeeded to the post at the age of 19, on 24 October 1968, the 21st in his line. He administers the temple and its properties, which are held in trust. He is a nominated Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since July 2022.

He was awarded the Karnataka Ratna award for the year 2009, the highest civilian award in Karnataka.

His tenure at Dharmasthala has been marked by controversy, including unresolved rape and murder cases and allegations of cover-ups by temple officials and his family members.
Charles Gavan Duffy
Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, KCMG, PC (12 April 1816 – 9 February 1903), was an Irish poet, politician and journalist (editor of The Nation), Young Irelander and tenant-rights activist. After emigrating to Australia in 1856 he entered the politics of Victoria on a platform of land reform, and in 1871–1872 served as the colony's 8th Premier.

Tenant Right League
The Tenant Right League was a federation of local societies formed in Ireland in the wake of the Great Famine to check the power of landlords and advance the rights of tenant farmers. An initiative of northern unionists and southern nationalists, it articulated a common programme of agrarian reform. In the wake of the League's success in helping return 48 pledged MPs to the Westminster Parliament in 1852, the promised unity of "North and South" dissolved. An attempt was made to revive the all-Ireland effort in 1874, but struggle for rights to the land was to continue through to the end of the century on lines that reflected the regional and sectarian division over Ireland's continued place in the United Kingdom.
Petrichor
Petrichor (/ˈpɛtrɪkɔːr/ PET-rih-kor) is the earthy scent produced when rain falls on dry soil. The word was coined in 1964 by scientists Isabel Joy Bear and  Richard Grenfell Thomas, from Ancient Greek  πέτρα (pétra) 'rock'  or πέτρος (pétros) 'stone' and  ἰχώρ (ikhṓr) 'ichor', the ethereal fluid that is the blood of the gods in Greek mythology.

Isabel Joy Bear
Isabel Joy Bear AM (4 January 1927 – 8 April 2021)  was an Australian chemist who worked at CSIRO for over forty years. She was the first woman to be awarded the Royal Australian Chemical Institute Leighton Medal. She was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2005. Bear identified several metastable zirconium sulphate hydrates, and with Dick Thomas was the first to scientifically describe "petrichor", the smell of rain on dry soil.
Counter-Strike: Source
Counter-Strike: Source  is a tactical first-person shooter video game developed by Valve and Turtle Rock Studios. Released in October 2004 for Windows, it is a remake of Counter-Strike (2000) using the Source game engine. As in the original, Counter-Strike: Source pits a team of counter-terrorists against a team of terrorists in a series of rounds. Each round is won either by completing an objective (such as detonating a bomb or rescuing hostages) or by eliminating all members of the enemy team. The game was initially bundled with all retail and digital copies of Half-Life 2, before being released standalone.

Source (game engine)
Source (also referred to as Source 1) is a 3D game engine developed by Valve. It debuted as the successor to GoldSrc in 2004 with the releases of Half-Life: Source, Counter-Strike: Source, and Half-Life 2. Valve used Source in many of their games in the following years, including Team Fortress 2, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, Dota 2, and the Portal and Left 4 Dead franchises. Other notable third-party games using Source include most games in the Titanfall franchise, Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines, Dear Esther, The Stanley Parable and Garry’s Mod. Valve continues to support several Source games into the present day, and would incrementally release new branches of the engine until it was succeeded by Source 2 in 2015.
Network 10
Network 10 (commonly known as the 10 Network, Channel 10 or simply 10) is an Australian commercial television network. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Paramount Skydance's UK & Australia division and is one of the five national free-to-air networks in the country.

As of 2025, Network 10 is the fourth-rated television network and primary channel in Australia, behind the Seven Network, Nine Network and ABC TV and ahead of SBS.

10 Drama
10 Drama is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel owned by Network 10. It originally launched on 26 March 2009 as One HD with a focus on broadcasting sports-based programming and events, but rebranded to One in April 2011 to include more scripted and adventure-based programming aimed at males between the ages of 25 and 54. As of October 2018, the channel now primarily broadcasts dramatic programming.
Richard Maurice Bucke
Richard Maurice Bucke (18 March 1837 – 19 February 1902) was a Canadian psychiatrist in the late 19th century. An adventurer during his youth, Bucke later studied medicine. Eventually, as a psychiatrist, he headed the provincial Asylum for the Insane in London, Ontario.  Bucke was a friend of several noted men of letters in Canada, the United States, and England. Besides publishing professional articles, Bucke wrote three non-fiction books: Man's Moral Nature, Walt Whitman, and Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind, which is his best-known work.

Cosmic Consciousness
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind is a 1901 book by the psychiatrist Richard Maurice Bucke, in which the author explores the concept of cosmic consciousness, which he defines as "a higher form of consciousness than that possessed by the ordinary man".
Moons and Mushrooms
Moons and Mushrooms is the seventh studio album by the gothic metal band Lake of Tears. It was released in 2007, and was the first Lake of Tears recording to feature Magnus Sahlgren as an official member of the band (although he had played guitar with Lake of Tears as a guest artist since 1999). Unlike the band's previous two albums, Moons and Mushrooms made heavy use of guitars, having a less electronic sound. A limited edition digipack version of the album was released alongside the standard version, featuring a cover of the Status Quo song "Is There a Better Way?" as a bonus track.

Lake of Tears
Lake of Tears is a Swedish heavy metal band originally formed in 1994, generally considered to play gothic metal/gothic rock and doom metal. However, their sound has expanded to include psychedelic rock and progressive rock elements. The band broke up in 2000 amid creative differences, but reunited in late 2003, releasing the acclaimed album Black Brick Road. They released their eighth studio album, Illwill, in April 2011. In 2014 they released their first live album, By the Black Sea. The band's newest album, titled Ominous, was released on 18 February 2021.
Shanghai French Concession
The Shanghai French Concession was a foreign concession in Shanghai, China from 1849 until 1943. For much of the 20th century, the area covered by the former French Concession remained the premier residential and retail district of Shanghai. It was also one of the centers of Catholicism in China. Despite re-development over the last few decades, the area retains a distinct character and is a popular tourist destination.

Xujiahui
Xujiahui (Chinese: 徐家汇, Wu Chinese pronunciation: [ʑ̥i˨ ka̠˥ ɦɯe̞˨˩], romanized as: Zikawei, Ziccawei, or Siccawei) is a locality in Shanghai. It is a historic area of commerce and culture administratively within Xuhui District, which is named after the locality. The area is a well-known precinct for shopping and entertainment in Shanghai. It is served by the Xujiahui Station of the Shanghai Metro.
Berlin North–South mainline
The Berlin North-South main line (German: Nord-Süd-Fernbahn), also called the North-South link (Nord-Süd-Verbindung) is an electrified railway line in Berlin which was opened in 2006. It is an important component of the "mushroom concept" (Pilzkonzept), which was adopted for long-distance and regional rail services through the city. The line's core is an approximately 3.5 km (2.2 mi) Tiergarten tunnel under the Tiergarten in Berlin. The tunnel section includes the underground level of Berlin Hauptbahnhof (main station) and the Potsdamer Platz regional station. The above-ground section of the line includes the Berlin Südkreuz station.

Berlin–Dresden railway
The Berlin–Dresden railway is a double track, electrified main line railway in the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony, which was originally built and operated by the Berlin-Dresden Railway Company (Berlin-Dresdener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). It runs from Berlin through the southern Teltow countryside and then between Lower Lusatia and Fläming Heath through Elsterwerda and the Großenhainer Pflege countryside to Dresden.

Upgrades completed in December 2017 enabled maximum speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph). The traditional route through the southern suburbs of Berlin was reopened for long-distance trains in December 2025. Work is under way to allow speeds of 200 km/h (120 mph) on parts of the line.
Alice Fulton
Alice Fulton (born 1952) is an American author of poetry, fiction, and nonfiction. Fulton is the Ann S. Bowers Professor of English Emerita at Cornell University. Her awards include the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature, National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, Library of Congress Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Award, the MacArthur Fellowship, an Ingram Merrill Foundation Award, as well as a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry
The Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry is awarded biennially by the Library of Congress on behalf of the nation in recognition for the most distinguished book of poetry written by an American and published during the preceding two years. The award is overseen by the Library of Congress Center for the Book.