hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cordova, Cebu
Cordova, officially the Municipality of Cordova (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Cordova; Filipino: Bayan ng Cordova),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 72,915 people.

Also spelled Cordoba, most of the municipality lies on separate islands off the southern coast of Mactan Island. It is connected by two bridges to the main island of Mactan, which itself is connected to mainland Cebu by the two bridges between Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu City. The Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway, opened in 2022, connects it directly to mainland Cebu in Cebu City.

Cordova is bordered to the north by Lapu-Lapu City, to the west by the Mactan Channel, to the east by the Hilutangan Channel and Olango Island, and to the south by the Cebu Strait.

Cordova is a part of Metro Cebu.

Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway
The Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX), also known as the Cebu–Cordova Bridge and the Third Cebu–Mactan Bridge (or simply, the Third Bridge), is an 8.9-kilometer (5.5 mi) toll bridge expressway in Metro Cebu, Philippines. The bridge connects the South Road Properties in Cebu City in mainland Cebu and Cordova on Mactan island. Crossing the Mactan Channel, the bridge is the third road link between Cebu and Mactan islands and the first between Cebu City and Cordova. It is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the Philippines, surpassing the 2-kilometer (1.2 mi) San Juanico Bridge between Samar and Leyte, as well as Marcelo Fernan Bridge (which also crosses the Mactan Channel) as the longest cable-stayed bridge in the Philippines. It also surpassed the 5-kilometer (3.1 mi) Candaba Viaduct of North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) connecting the provinces of Pampanga and Bulacan for being the longest bridge in the Philippines upon its completion on October 5, 2021.
1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the Netherlands (日蘭修好通商条約, Nichiran Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku) was signed between the Netherlands and Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo (now Tokyo) on August 18, 1858. It opened several Japanese ports and cities for Dutch trade and confirmed extraterritoriality to Dutch nationals in Japan. It was one of the so-called Ansei Treaties.

Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the United States (日米修好通商条約, Nichibei Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku), also called the Harris Treaty was a treaty signed between the United States and Tokugawa Shogunate, which opened the ports of Kanagawa and four other Japanese cities to trade and granted extraterritoriality to foreigners, among a number of trading stipulations. It was signed on the deck of the USS Powhatan in Edo (now Tokyo) Bay on July 29, 1858.
Immigration Control Platform
Immigration Control Platform (ICP) (Irish: An Feachtas um Smacht ar Inimirce) was a political group which sought to restrict immigration to Ireland. The organisation's website described it as an "Irish NGO" funded by subscriptions and donations. It was not registered in Ireland as a political party, but between 2002 and 2011 it ran non-party candidates in elections, with their election material displaying the Immigration Control Platform branding.

National Party (Ireland, 2016)
The National Party (Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnta) is a far-right minor political party in Ireland. The party was founded in 2016 and as of June 2024 it has one elected councillor on Fingal County Council. As of 2025, the party leader is that councillor, Patrick Quinlan, and the deputy leader is Gerry Kinneavy. It is the largest far-right party in Ireland.
E-reader
An e-reader, also called an e reader or e device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.

Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-reader; however, specialized e-reader devices may optimize portability, readability, and battery life for this purpose. Their main advantage over printed books is portability: an e-reader is capable of storing thousands of books while weighing less than a single one. Another advantage is the convenience provided by add-on features.

PocketBook International
PocketBook is a multinational company which produces e-book readers based on E Ink technology (an electronic paper technology) under the PocketBook brand. The company was founded in 2007 in Kyiv, Ukraine, and its headquarters were shifted to Lugano, Switzerland in 2012. These devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the PocketBook Store.
R-33 (missile)
The R-33 (Russian: Вымпел Р-33, NATO reporting name: AA-9 Amos) is a long-range air-to-air missile developed by Vympel. It is the primary armament of the MiG-31 interceptor, intended to attack large high-speed targets such as the SR-71 Blackbird, the B-1 Lancer bomber, and the B-52 Stratofortress.

It uses a combination of inertial navigation for initial (midcourse) guidance, followed by semi-active radar homing once the target is within range of the radar seeker. The Zaslon phased array radar of MiG-31 allows six missiles to be guided simultaneously at separate targets.

The R-33 AAM remains in service with the CIS and Russian forces (See MiG-31 operators).

Mikoyan MiG-31
The Mikoyan MiG-31 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-31; NATO reporting name: Foxhound) is a supersonic interceptor aircraft developed for the Soviet Air Forces by the Mikoyan design bureau as a replacement for the MiG-25 "Foxbat", on which it is based and shares design elements.

The MiG-31 is the fastest known operational combat aircraft, with a top speed around 3,000 km/h (1,600 knots). It continues to be operated by the Russian Aerospace Forces following the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The other operator, the Kazakh Air Defence Forces, retired the type in 2023. The Russian Defence Ministry expects the MiG-31 to remain in service until at least 2030; that was confirmed in 2020 when an announcement was made to extend the service lifetime of the existing airframes from 2,500 to 3,500 hours. The MiG-31K variant carries the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal conventional or nuclear warhead-capable air-launched ballistic missile.
Matthew Newkirk
Matthew Newkirk (May 31, 1794 – May 31, 1868) was an American businessman, railroad magnate, banker and philanthropist. He was president of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B) and led the integration of four railroad companies to establish the first direct rail service between Philadelphia and Baltimore. He was a director of the Second Bank of the United States; and an investor in the Little Schuylkill Navigation, Railroad and Coal Company and the Cambria Iron Company.

He was a board member of Girard College and served as a trustee to Princeton University for 34 years. He contributed to Lafayette College, served as president of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and was one of the founders of the Polytechnic College of Pennsylvania. He donated land to help establish Fairmount Park. The Newkirk Viaduct Monument in Philadelphia is named in his honor.

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad
The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B) was an American railroad, headquartered in Philadelphia, that operated in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland from 1836 to 1902. It was one of the four state-chartered railroads that merged in 1838 to create a single line between Philadelphia and Baltimore. Through purchases, leases, and other arrangements, it created a wider network of operations, including down the Delmarva Peninsula.

In 1881, the PW&B was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), which was at the time the nation's largest railroad. In 1902, the PRR merged it into its Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad.

The right-of-way laid down by the PW&B line is still in use today as part of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and the Maryland Department of Transportation's MARC commuter passenger system from Baltimore to Maryland's northeast corner. Freight is hauled on the route, formerly by the Conrail system and currently by Norfolk Southern.
Acts 13
Acts 13 is the thirteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas to Cyprus and Pisidia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. From this point onwards, except for the Council held in Jerusalem (Acts 15), Luke's narrative focusses on Paul, his ministry, and the events of his life.

Acts 12
Acts 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the death of the first apostle, James, son of Zebedee, followed by the miraculous escape of Peter from prison, the death of Herod Agrippa I, and the early ministry of Barnabas and Paul of Tarsus. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke.
Southern Outfall Sewer
The Southern Outfall Sewer is a major sanitary sewer taking sewage from the southern area of central London to Crossness in south-east London. Flows from three interceptory sewers combine at Greenwich pumping station and then run under Greenwich, Woolwich, Plumstead and across Erith Marshes. The Outfall Sewer was designed by Joseph Bazalgette after an outbreak of cholera in 1853 and the Great Stink of 1858.

London sewer system
The London sewer system is part of the water infrastructure serving London, England. The modern system was developed during the late 19th century, and as London has grown the system has been expanded. It is currently owned and operated by Thames Water and serves almost all of Greater London.
Tsuyoshi Kosaka
Tsuyoshi Kosaka (Japanese: 高阪 剛, Kōsaka Tsuyoshi; born March 6, 1970) is a  retired Japanese mixed martial artist, submission grappler and professional wrestler who competed in the Heavyweight division. A professional MMA competitor from 1994 till 2022, he has competed for the UFC, PRIDE Fighting Championships, RIZIN, RINGS, Pancrase, and DEEP. Kosaka is the former King of Pancrase Super Heavyweight Champion.

Kosaka is considered to be one of the early pioneers of mixed martial arts and was one of the top ranked Japanese fighters for several years. Known for his grappling skills, Kosaka is trained in Judo and Shoot Wrestling, His "TK guard" position, a precursor to modern butterfly guard, is famous for its efficiency; former UFC champions Frank Shamrock and Maurice Smith have both credited him with having vastly improved their grappling from that particular position.

Fighting Network Rings
Fighting Network Rings, trademarked as RINGS, is a Japanese combat sport promotion that has lived three distinct periods: shoot style puroresu promotion from its inauguration to 1995, mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion from 1995 to its 2002 disestablishment, and a revived MMA promotion from 2008 onward.
Narberth, Pembrokeshire
Narberth (Welsh: Arberth) is a town and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It was founded around a Welsh court and later became a Norman stronghold on the Landsker Line. It became the headquarters of the hundred of Narberth.  It was once a marcher borough. George Owen described it in 1603 as one of nine Pembrokeshire "boroughs in decay".

In 2021, the population of both wards (rural and urban) was 4,100 (rounded to the nearest 100),19.6% of whom are Welsh-speaking. Narberth is close to the A40 trunk road and is on the A478. Narberth railway station is on the main line from Swansea. The community includes the village of Crinow.

Narberth Hundred
51°47′53″N 4°44′35″W﻿ / ﻿51.798°N 4.743°W﻿ / 51.798; -4.743

The Hundred of Narberth was a hundred in Pembrokeshire, Wales.  An administrative and legal division, it was formed by the Act of Union of 1536 from parts of the pre-Norman cantrefs of Penfro (the commote of Coedrath) and Cantref Gwarthaf (the commote of Efelfre).: 463
Roman Catholic Diocese of Ostuni
The Diocese of Ostuni (Latin: Dioecesis Ostunensis or Hostuniensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese located in the town of Ostuni in the province of Brindisi in the region of Apulia in southern Italy. The diocese was in existence by the mid-11th century. In 1818, the diocese was suppressed, and its ecclesiastical territory assigned to the Archdiocese of Brindisi. In 1821, the diocese was revived, but the archbishops of Brindisi were made its perpetual administrator. From 1980 to 1986, Brindisi and Ostuni were suffragans of the ecclesiastical province of Lecce. In 1986, the diocese of Ostuni was completely suppressed and united to the archdiocese of Brindisi.

Archdiocese of Brindisi-Ostuni
The Archdiocese of Brindisi-Ostium (Latin: Archidioecesis Brundusina-Ostunensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Apulia, has carried its present name since 1986. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Lecce.

The historical archdiocese of Brindisi was promoted from a diocese in the tenth century. The territory of the diocese of Ostuni was added to it in 1821. The archdiocese lost its status as metropolitan see in 1980.
Yuecheng Mountains
26°0′6″N 110°49′28″E﻿ / ﻿26.00167°N 110.82444°E﻿ / 26.00167; 110.82444

The Yuecheng Mountains (Chinese: 越城岭; pinyin: Yuèchéng Lǐng), also known as Laoshanjie (老山界), are a mountain range  that lies on the border between Hunan Province  and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, of the People's Republic of China. The range is part of the Nanling Mountains of Central China. Its highest peak is Shenmaoding of Kitten Mountain, and its second peak is Zhenbaoding (also called Beibaoding).

The Yuecheng Mountains run from the northeast to the southwest. They contain landmark peaks, including Kitten Mountain at 2,142 metres (7,028 ft) in elevation, the highest peak in Guangxi.

Kitten Mountain
Kitten Mountain (also Mao'er Mountains; Chinese: 猫儿山; pinyin: Māo'ér Shān) is a 2,142 metres (7,028 ft) mountain located on the border between Ziyuan County and Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR) in the People's Republic of China that lies about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the prefecture-level city of Guilin.
Rancho Sierra Vista
Rancho Sierra Vista in Ventura County, California, United States, is one of the last intact ranches from the first half of the twentieth century in the Santa Monica Mountains. The majority of the landscape is much as it was 100 years ago.  The area is now owned by the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, a unit of the National Park System.

Located adjacent to Newbury Park, it is home of Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center.

Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SMMNRA) is a national recreation area containing many individual parks and open space preserves, located primarily in Southern California's Santa Monica Mountains. Located in greater Los Angeles, two thirds of SMMNRA's parklands are in northwest Los Angeles County and the remaining third, including a Simi Hills extension, is in southeastern Ventura County. It is administered by the National Park Service in coordination with state, county, municipal, and university agencies.

In size, the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area is the largest urban national park in the world. It is also one of the best examples of a Mediterranean climate ecosystem and it protects one of the highest densities of archaeological resources in any mountain range in the world.
Max Herre
Maximilian Herre (born 22 April 1973) is a German rapper, singer-songwriter and music producer who rose to fame as a member of the group Freundeskreis. He is also A&R for the record label Nesola, a joint venture with his wife Joy Denalane, among others.

Freundeskreis
Freundeskreis (meaning "Circle of Friends") also known as FK, were a German hip hop group from Stuttgart. They performed songs in German, English, French and Esperanto. The members were Max Herre, Don Philippe and DJ Friction.

They were a socially conscious German rap group that released three top twenty albums.
E postcode area
The E (Eastern) postcode area, also known as the London E postcode area, is the part of the London post town covering much of east London, England. It borders the N postcode area to the west, both north of the tidal reach of the River Thames. Since closure of the East London mail centre, its mail is sorted at Romford Mail Centre together with IG and RM postcode areas.

London postal district
The London postal district is the area in England of 241 square miles (620 km2) to which mail addressed to the London post town is delivered. The General Post Office under the control of the Postmaster General directed Sir Rowland Hill to devise the area in 1856 and throughout its history it has been subject to reorganisation and division into increasingly smaller postal units, with the early loss of two compass points and a minor retraction in 1866. It was integrated by the Post Office into the national postcode system of the United Kingdom during the early 1970s and corresponds to the E, EC, N, NW, SE, SW, W and WC postcode areas. The postal district has also been known as the London postal area. The County of London was much smaller, at 117 square miles (300 km2), but Greater London is much larger at 607 square miles (1,570 km2).
Faculty of History, University of Oxford
The Faculty of History is an academic department of the Humanities Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. It focuses on the teaching and research of medieval and modern history.

Medieval and modern history has been taught at Oxford for longer than at virtually any other university, and the first Regius Professor of Modern History was appointed in 1724. The Faculty is part of the Humanities Division, and has been based at the Stephen A. Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities since 2025, while the department's library relocated from the former Indian Institute on Catte Street to the Bodleian Library's Radcliffe Camera in August 2012.

Regius Professor of History (Oxford)
The Regius Professor of History (until 2011, Modern History) at the University of Oxford is a long-established professorial position. Holders of the title have often been medieval historians. The first appointment was made in 1724. The term "Regius" reflects the origins of the post as a royal appointment, itself a recognition of the important influence of history.

The Regius Professor of History is ex officio a Fellow of Oriel College. Professor Lyndal Roper has held the Regius Professorship since 2011, the first woman (and the first Australian) to have done so.
Capital punishment in Utah
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Utah.

Utah was the first state to resume executions after the 1972–1976 national moratorium on capital punishment ended with Gregg v. Georgia, when Gary Gilmore was executed by firing squad in 1977. Utah is one of only three states to have ever carried out executions by firing squad, and one of only two to do so after the moratorium ended, the other being South Carolina.

Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, historically called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.
Frank H. Goodyear
Frank Henry Goodyear (March 7, 1849 – May 13, 1907) was an American businessman, lumberman, and member of the prominent Goodyear family of New York.  He was the founder and president of several companies, including the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad, Great Southern Lumber Company, Goodyear Lumber Co., Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal and Coke Co., and the New Orleans Great Northern Railroad Company.

Great Southern Lumber Company
The Great Southern Lumber Company was chartered in 1902 to harvest and market the virgin longleaf pine (Pinus palustris L.) forests in southeastern Louisiana and southwestern Mississippi.  Bogalusa, Louisiana was developed from the ground up as a company town and was the location for Great Southern Lumber Company's sawmill, which began operation in 1908. Other company interests included a railroad and paper mill. The company ceased operation in 1938, when the supply of virgin pines was depleted. Bogalusa became the site of a paper mill and chemical operations, followed by other industry.
History of insurance
The history of insurance traces the development of the modern business of insurance against risks, especially regarding cargo, property, death, automobile accidents, and medical treatment.

The insurance industry helps to eliminate risks (as when fire-insurance providers demand the implementation of safe practices and the installation of hydrants), spreads risks from individuals to the larger community, and provides an important source of long-term finance for both the public and private sectors.

Marine insurance
Marine insurance covers the physical loss or damage of ships, cargo, terminals, and any transport by which the property is transferred, acquired, or held between the points of origin and the final destination. Cargo insurance a sub-branch of marine insurance, though marine insurance also includes onshore and offshore exposed property, (container terminals, ports, oil platforms, pipelines), hull, marine casualty, and marine losses. When goods are transported by mail or courier or related post, shipping insurance is used instead.
Tammy Gambill
Tammy Gambill is an American figure skating coach and former national-level skater. Several of her students have medaled at international competitions and three have competed at the Olympics. She has also won the 2005 USOC Developmental Coach Award.

USOPC Coach of the Year
The USOPC Coach of the Year awards are given annually by the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee to the top coaches in Olympic and Paralympic sports. One award is given in each of five categories:

National Coach

Developmental Coach

Paralympic Coach

Volunteer Coach

Doc Councilman Science Award

Nominees for the awards are selected by the national governing bodies for Olympic, Paralympic, and Pan American Games sports and their affiliated sports organizations. Members of the media vote for the top five nominees in each category. Category winners are then selected by a special USOPC panel.
Amebix
Amebix were an English crust punk band from Tavistock, Devon. A pioneer of the crust punk genre, Amebix's merger of anarcho-punk and post-punk with elements of heavy metal, particularly early extreme metal, inspired musicians who would go on to define the genres of grindcore, black metal, death-doom and metalcore.

Formed in 1978 as the Band with No Name, the band's two consistent members were brothers Rob "the Baron" Miller (vocals, bass) and Chris "Stig" Miller (guitar). The band's earliest releases were post-punk, before beginning to adopt elements of heavy metal music on their debut album No Sanctuary (1983). This album was one of the earliest examples of the crust punk genre, a style which the band would codify with its follow up Arise! (1985). Shortly after the release of their third album Monolith (1987), the group disbanded. The band reunited in 2008, along with drummer Roy Mayorga, a lineup which released their fourth album Sonic Mass (2011), before disbanding again in 2012.

Arise! (Amebix album)
Arise! is the second studio album by the British crust punk band Amebix, released on 14 September 1985 through Alternative Tentacles. It was reissued on CD and vinyl in 2000 with two bonus tracks recorded in 1987. The album was remastered a second time in 2014.