hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saturn AL-41
The Saturn AL-41 is a designation for two different Russian military turbofan engine variants by NPO Lyulka-Saturn. The original AL-41F, development designation izdeliye 20, was a variable-bypass ratio turbofan engine, designed for supercruise flight for the MFI (Mnogofunktsionalni Frontovoy Istrebitel, "Multifunctional Frontline Fighter") program, which resulted in the Mikoyan Project 1.44. It is considered to be the Russian counterpart to the General Electric YF120 engine which lost to the more conventional fixed-bypass Pratt & Whitney YF119 in the Advanced Tactical Fighter engine program.

Since the cancellation of the MFI program, the AL-41F1S (izdeliye 117S) and AL-41F1 (izdeliye 117) designations were assigned to engines developed by Lyulka-Saturn, now NPO Saturn, that respectively power the Sukhoi Su-35S and Sukhoi Su-57, but these are heavily upgraded fixed-bypass variants of the AL-31F, rather than variants of the variable cycle izdeliye 20 design.

Pratt & Whitney F119
The Pratt & Whitney F119, company designation PW5000, is an afterburning turbofan engine developed by Pratt & Whitney for the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, which resulted in the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. The engine delivers thrust in the 35,000 lbf (156 kN) class and was designed for sustained supersonic flight without afterburners, or supercruise; the F119 allows the F-22 to achieve supercruise speeds of up to Mach 1.8. The F119's nozzles incorporate thrust vectoring that enable them to direct the engine thrust ±20° in the pitch axis to give the F-22 enhanced maneuverability.

The F119 is also the basis for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) propulsion system, with variants powering both the Boeing X-32 and Lockheed Martin X-35 concept demonstrators. The X-35 won the JSF competition and the production Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is powered by an F119 derivative, the Pratt & Whitney F135 which produces up to 43,000 lbf (191 kN) of thrust.
Chahamanas of Jalor
The Chahamanas of Jalor, also known as the Chauhans of Jalor in vernacular legends, were an Indian dynasty that ruled the area around Jalore in present-day Rajasthan between 1160 and 1311. They belonged to the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan of the Rajputs

They branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula, and then ruled as feudatories of the Chaulukyas of Gujarat. For a brief period, they became independent, but ultimately succumbed to the Delhi Sultanate at the Siege of Jalore.

Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore
In 1311 Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji dispatched an army to capture the Jalore Fort in present-day Rajasthan, India. Jalore was ruled by the Chahamana ruler Kanhadadeva, whose armies had earlier fought several skirmishes with the Delhi forces, especially since Alauddin's conquest of the neighboring Siwana fort.

Kanhadadeva's army achieved some initial successes against the invaders, but the Jalore fort ultimately fell to an army led by Alauddin's general Malik Kamal al-Din. Kanhadadeva and his son Viramadeva were killed, thus ending the Chahamana dynasty of Jalore.
Choctaw
The Choctaw (Choctaw: Chahta Choctaw pronunciation: [tʃahtá(ʔ)]) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States, historically based in what is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The Choctaw language is a Western Muskogean language. Today, Choctaw people are enrolled primarily in three federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, and the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana. The Yowani Choctaw, a historic Choctaw band, are federally recognized as a people within the Caddo Nation and are also enrolled as citizens of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Choctaw descendants are also members of other tribes.

Caddo
The Caddo people (Caddo language: Hasí꞉nay) comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They formerly spoke the Caddo language.

The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, western Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory.
Maitri (missile)
The Maitri (Sanskrit: 'Friendship') missile was a proposed next-generation quick-reaction surface-to-air missile (QRSAM) with a claimed ~100% kill probability, planned for development by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation. It would have been part of a short-range (25–30 km) surface-to-air defense  system. The proposal was shelved and superseded by the QRSAM and VL-SRSAM missiles for the Indian Army and Indian Navy respectively.

Anant Shastra
The Anant Shastra, also known as Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) , is a surface-to-air missile defense system developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, Bharat Electronics Limited, and Bharat Dynamics Limited for the Indian Army, meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks. The system also forms a part of the Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS).

The Command and Control System is completely automated. In addition to the launcher, the missile system has two four-walled radars that provide 360-degree coverage: the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multi-function Radar. An optical proximity fuze lessens the vulnerability to jamming.
Gibraltar (1938 film)
Gibraltar is a 1938 French spy film directed by Fedor Ozep and starring Viviane Romance, Roger Duchesne, Abel Jacquin and Erich von Stroheim. It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris, with location shooting taking place in Gibraltar itself despite the Spanish Civil War being fought across the border. The film's sets were designed by the art director Georges Wakhévitch. It was later remade in 1964 under the same title.

Gibraltar (1964 film)
Gibraltar is a 1964 thriller film directed by Pierre Gaspard-Huit and starring Hildegard Knef, Gérard Barray, Geneviève Grad and Elisa Montés. It was made as a co-production between France, Italy and Spain. The film was designed by the art director Francisco Canet.
Caramel shortbread
Caramel shortbread, also known as caramel squares, caramel slice, millionaire's shortbread, millionaire's slice, chocolate caramel shortbread or Wellington squares is a biscuit confectionery composed of a shortbread base topped with caramel and milk chocolate. Variations exist which substitute or add ingredients to cater to different tastes, dietary requirements or ingredient availability.

Shortbread
Shortbread or shortie is a traditional Scottish biscuit usually made from one part white sugar, two parts butter and three to four parts plain wheat flour. Shortbread does not contain leavening, such as baking powder or baking soda. Shortbread is widely associated with Christmas and Hogmanay festivities in Scotland, and some Scottish brands are exported around the world.
Fire retardant
A fire retardant is a substance that is used to slow down or stop the spread of fire or reduce its intensity.  This is commonly accomplished by chemical reactions that reduce the flammability of fuels or delay their combustion. Fire retardants may also cool the fuel through physical action or endothermic chemical reactions. Fire retardants are available as powder, to be mixed with water, as fire-fighting foams and fire-retardant gels.

Fire retardants are commonly used in fire fighting, where they may be applied aerially or from the ground.

Fire-retardant gel
Fire-retardant gels are superabsorbent polymer slurries with a "consistency almost like petroleum jelly."
Fire-retardant gels can also be slurries that are composed of a combination of water, starch, and clay. 
Used as fire retardants, they can be used for structure protection and in direct-attack applications against wildfires.

Fire-retardant gels are short-term fire suppressants typically applied with ground equipment.
They are also used in the movie industry to protect stunt persons from flames when filming action movie scenes.
Sayf al-Din Ghazi I
Sayf al-Din Ghazi I (Arabic: سيف الدين غازي, romanized: Sayf ad-Dīn Ghāzī, died 1149) was the Emir of Mosul from 1146 to 1149, who fought in the Second Crusade. He was the eldest son of Imad al-Din Zengi of Mosul, and the elder brother of Nur ad-Din.

Nur al-Din Zengi
Al-Malik al-Adil Abu al-Qasim Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd  bin Imad al-Dīn Zengī (الملكُ العادلُ أبو القاسمِ نور الدين محمود بن عمادِ الدِّين زَنْكِي; February 1118 – 15 May 1174), commonly known as Nur ad-Din or Nureddin (lit. 'Light of the Faith' in Arabic), and al-Malik al-Adil (lit. 'the Just King' in Arabic), was a Turkoman member of the Zengid dynasty, who ruled the Syrian province (Bilad al-Sham) of the Seljuk Empire. He reigned from 1146 to 1174. He is regarded as an important figure of the Second Crusade.
Southminster
Southminster is a town and civil parish on the Dengie Peninsula in the Maldon district of Essex in the East of England. It lies about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Burnham-on-Crouch and 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Maldon; it is approximately 52 miles (84 km) east-north-east of London. To the north is the River Blackwater, which is tidal, and, since Roman times, has been the gateway to trading in the area. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 4,828.

Burnham-on-Crouch
Burnham-on-Crouch is a town and civil parish in the Maldon District of Essex, in the East of England; it lies on the north bank of the River Crouch. It is one of Britain's leading places for yachting.

The civil parish extends 5 miles (8 km) east of the town to the mouth of the River Crouch.  It includes the hamlets of Creeksea and Ostend west of the town; Stoneyhills to the north; and Dammer Wick, West Wick and East Wick east of the town. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 8,852 and the Burnham-on-Crouch built up area had a population of 7,805.
McDermott
McDermott or MacDermott is an Irish surname and the anglicised version of Mac Diarmada (also spelled Mac Diarmata), the surname of the ruling dynasty of Moylurg, a kingdom that existed in Connacht from the 10th to 16th centuries.

The last ruling king was Tadhg mac Diarmata, who ruled until 1585.

As a modern day surname, McDermott is mostly found in western Ireland and County Roscommon.

Some notable people with the surname are listed below.

Mac Diarmada
Mac Diarmada (anglicised as McDermott or MacDermot), also spelled Mac Diarmata, is an Irish surname, and the surname of the ruling dynasty of Moylurg, a kingdom that existed in Connacht from the 10th to 16th centuries. The last ruling king was Tadhg mac Diarmata, who ruled until 1585.
Mesh analysis
Mesh analysis (or the mesh current method) is a circuit analysis method for planar circuits; planar circuits are circuits that can be drawn on a plane surface with no wires crossing each other. A more general technique, called loop analysis (with the corresponding network variables called loop currents) can be applied to any circuit, planar or not.

Mesh analysis and loop analysis both make systematic use of Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) to arrive at a set of equations guaranteed to be solvable if the circuit has a solution. Similarly, nodal analysis is a systematic application of Kirchhoff's current law (KCL). Mesh analysis is usually easier to use when the circuit is planar, compared to loop analysis.

Network analysis (electrical circuits)
In electrical engineering and electronics, a network is a collection of interconnected components. Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, all network components.  There are many techniques for calculating these values; however, for the most part, the techniques assume linear components. Except where stated, the methods described in this article are applicable only to linear network analysis.
WPGA-TV
WPGA-TV (channel 58) is a television station licensed to Perry, Georgia, United States, serving as the MeTV affiliate for the Macon area. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power Peachtree Sports Network outlet WPGA-LD (channel 50). The two stations share offices at the corner of Second and Cherry streets in downtown Macon, with master control and most internal operations based at Gray flagship WANF in Atlanta; WPGA-TV's transmitter is located on GA 87/US 23/US 129 ALT (Golden Isles Highway), along the Twiggs–Bibb county line.

WPGA-LD
WPGA-LD (channel 50) is a low-power television station in Macon, Georgia, United States. It is owned by Gray Media alongside Perry-licensed MeTV affiliate WPGA-TV (channel 58). The two stations share offices at the corner of Second and Cherry streets in downtown Macon, with master control and most internal operations based at Gray flagship WANF in Atlanta; WPGA-LD's transmitter is located on GA 87/US 23/US 129 ALT (Golden Isles Highway), along the Twiggs–Bibb county line.
CKFX-FM
CKFX-FM (101.9 MHz) is a Canadian radio station in North Bay, Ontario. The station airs a mainstream rock format under the brand name 101.9 The Fox. The station uses the same general format as, and shares some programming with, CJRQ-FM in Sudbury and CJQQ-FM in Timmins.

CJRQ-FM
CJRQ-FM (92.7 MHz) is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts in Sudbury, Ontario. The station uses the on-air brand Q92. The station airs a mainstream rock format and is owned by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media.

The station first aired as CJRQ-FM in 1990. From 1935 to 1990, it was an AM station, airing under the call letters CKSO.
Major scale
A major scale is a sequence of musical notes containing a major triad on the tonic.

Most commonly, the term "major scale" refers to the natural major scale (or Ionian mode), which is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth). The notes C–D–E–F–G–A–B form a prototypical major scale.

Some lesser-used scales are also sometimes called major scales, such as the harmonic major scale, the melodic major scale, and the Lydian and Mixolydian diatonic modes.

Lydian mode
The modern Lydian mode is a seven-tone musical scale formed from a rising pattern of pitches comprising three whole tones, a semitone, two more whole tones, and a final semitone.

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.

Because of the importance of the major scale in modern music, the Lydian mode is often described as the scale that begins on the fourth scale degree of the major scale, or alternatively, as the major scale with the fourth scale degree raised half a step. This sequence of pitches roughly describes the scale underlying the fifth of the eight Gregorian (church) modes, known as Mode V or the authentic mode on F, theoretically using B♮ but in practice more commonly featuring B♭. The use of the B♭ as opposed to B♮ would have made such piece in the modern-day F major scale.
Allamuchy (CDP), New Jersey
Allamuchy is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Allamuchy Township, in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 208, an increase from the 74 counted in the 2010 census.

As of the 2000 United States census, the area of the current CDP was part of the Allamuchy-Panther Valley CDP, which had a 2000 Census population of 3,125. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP was split into Allamuchy CDP and Panther Valley (2010 population of 3,327).

Allamuchy-Panther Valley, New Jersey
Allamuchy-Panther Valley is an unincorporated community and former census-designated place located within Allamuchy Township, in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2000 United States census, the CDP's population was 3,125.

The combined CDP existed through the 2000 Census. Effective with the 2010 United States census, the CDP was split into its components, Allamuchy CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 78) and Panther Valley (2010 population of 3,327).
Hibiscus Island
Hibiscus Island is a neighborhood in the city of Miami Beach on a man-made island in Biscayne Bay, Florida, United States. Hibiscus Island lies just north of Palm Island.  It is an exclusive residential neighborhood with relatively high property values.  The island is accessible via the MacArthur Causeway.

Palm Island (Miami Beach)
Palm Island is a neighborhood in the city of Miami Beach on a man-made island in Biscayne Bay, Florida, United States; just south of Hibiscus Island. It is a residential neighborhood with high property values, solely accessible by land via the MacArthur Causeway. The entire island has an area of 82 acres (33 ha).
Randall Munroe
Randall Patrick Munroe (born October 17, 1984) is an American cartoonist, author, and engineer best known as the creator of the webcomic xkcd. Munroe has worked full-time on the comic since late 2006. In addition to publishing a book of the webcomic's strips, titled xkcd: Volume 0, he has written four books: What If?, Thing Explainer, How To, and What If? 2.

What If? (book)
What If?: Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions is a 2014 non-fiction book by Randall Munroe in which the author answers hypothetical science questions sent to him by readers of his webcomic, xkcd. The book contains a selection of questions and answers originally published on his blog What If?, along with several new ones. The book is divided into several dozen chapters, most of which are devoted to answering a unique question. What If? was released on September 2, 2014, and was received positively by critics. A sequel to the book, titled What If? 2, was released on September 13, 2022.
Chase County, Kansas
Chase County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Cottonwood Falls.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,572.  The county was named for Salmon Chase, a U.S. Senator from Ohio that was a Kansas statehood advocate.

Cottonwood Falls, Kansas
Cottonwood Falls is the largest city in and the county seat of Chase County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 851.  It is located south of Strong City along the south side of the Cottonwood River.
Hokaglish
Hokaglish (/ˈhɒkəɡlɪʃ/; Chinese: 相濫摻話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Saⁿ-lām-chham-ōe; Tâi-lô: sann-lām-tsham-uē; IPA: [sã˧˧lam˦˩→˨˩t͡sʰam˧˧ue˦˩]), formally known as Philippine Hybrid Hokkien, is a spoken language formed from contact primarily from Philippine Hokkien, Tagalog and Philippine English, with some influence from Philippine Spanish, Cantonese, and other local peripheral languages.

Philippine English
Philippine English is a variety of English native to the Philippines, including those used by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos and English learners in the Philippines from adjacent Asian countries. English is taught in schools as one of the two official languages of the country, the other being Filipino, a standardized form of Tagalog. Due to the influx of Philippine English teachers overseas, Philippine English is also becoming the prevalent variety of English being learned in East Asia and Southeast Asia as taught by Filipino teachers in various countries such as South Korea, Japan, and Thailand among others. Due to the highly multilingual and bilingual nature of the Philippines, code-switching such as Taglish (Tagalog-infused English) and Bislish (English infused with any of the Bisayan languages) is prevalent across domains from casual settings to formal situations. Philippine English is similar and related to  American English but in nativized form.
White Trinidadians and Tobagonians
White Trinidadians and Tobagonians (sometimes referred as Euro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians) are Trinidadians and Tobagonians of European descent. The term "local-white" is also used to refer more specifically to Trinidad and Tobago–born Europeans and, in particular, those who trace their roots back to Trinidad and Tobago's early settlers. White Trinidadians and Tobagonians account for less than one percent of the population of Trinidad and Tobago.

Most white Trinidadians and Tobagonians are of Portuguese descent. White Trinidadians are often referred to as French Creoles, even if are they are of non-French ancestry such as Spanish, British, Portuguese, or German descent.

Portuguese Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Portuguese Trinidadians and Tobagonians are the descendants of emigrants from Portugal to Trinidad and Tobago. Between 1834 and 1975 about 2,000 Portuguese, especially from Madeira, immigrated to Trinidad and Tobago.
Aashish Khan
Aashish Khan (5 December 1939 – 14 November 2024) was an Indian classical musician and sarod player. He was also nominated for a Grammy Award in 2006 in the 'Best Traditional World Music Album' category for his album "Golden Strings of the Sarode". He was also a recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award. Besides being a performer, composer, and conductor, he was also an adjunct professor of Indian classical music at the California Institute of the Arts, and the University of California at Santa Cruz in the United States.

As the grandson of Allauddin Khan, he collaborated with musicians such as Ravi Shankar and The Beatles. Beyond Indian classical music, he and his brother Pranesh Khan also composed disco music for the album Disco Jazz (1982), sung by Rupa Biswas.

Allauddin Khan
Ustad Allauddin Khan (Bengali pronunciation: [alaudːin kʰã]; 8 October 1881– 6 September 1972), was an Indian sarod player and multi-instrumentalist, composer and one of the most notable music teachers of the 20th century in Indian classical music. He was also the founder of Maihar gharana school of Hindustani classical music. For a generation many of his students, across different instruments like sitar and violin, dominated Hindustani classical music and became one of the most famous exponents of the form ever, including his son Ali Akbar Khan.
Bucharest Metro
The Bucharest Metro (Romanian: Metroul din București) is an underground rapid transit system that serves Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It first opened for service on 16 November 1979. The network is run by Metrorex. One of two parts of the larger Bucharest public transport network, Metrorex had an annual ridership of 142,783,000 passengers during 2023, compared to over a billion annual passengers on Bucharest's STB transit system. In total, the Metrorex system is 80.1 kilometres (49.8 mi) long and has 64 stations.

The Bucharest Metro has five lines (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5). The newest metro line, M5, was opened in 2020. A sixth metro line, M6 line, is currently under construction.

As of 2024, Bucharest Metro is the only metro system in Romania; with a second one, the Cluj-Napoca Metro, being under construction.

Bucharest Metro Line M1
M1 (31.01 km (19.3 mi)) is the oldest line of the Bucharest Metro, the first section having been opened on 16 November 1979. The M1 Line runs from Dristor 2 to Pantelimon. Between Nicolae Grigorescu and Eroilor it shares 8.67 km (5.39 mi) of tracks with the M3. Due to the single track between Republica and Pantelimon, which has only one operational platform, most trains terminate at Republica and about one in three reaches at Pantelimon.