hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CubeSail
CubeSail is a proposed nanosatellite project by the Surrey Space Centre (SSC) in England. The spacecraft is to be a 3U CubeSat propelled by a 25 m²solar sail. The project is financed and technically supported by aerospace manufacturers Astrium and Surrey Satellite Technology. It is designed for operation in low Earth orbit, serving as an atmospheric drag brake to facilitate the removal of satellite debris.

The first successful solar sail spacecraft was the Japanese IKAROS mission, launched on 21 May 2010.

IKAROS
IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun) is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) experimental spacecraft. The spacecraft was launched on 20 May 2010, aboard an H-IIA rocket, together with the Akatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter) probe and four other small spacecraft. IKAROS is the first spacecraft to successfully demonstrate solar sail technology in interplanetary space. The craft's name is an allusion to the legendary Icarus (Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Ikaros), who flew close to the Sun on wings made of bird-feathers and wax.

On 8 December 2010, IKAROS flew by Venus at a distance of 80,800 km (50,200 mi), successfully completing its planned mission, and entered its extended operation phase. Its last transmission was received in 2015.  The operation was terminated officially on 15 May 2025.
Cass Corridor
The Cass Corridor is a neighborhood on the west end of Midtown Detroit. It includes the Cass Park Historic District, the Cass-Davenport Historic District and Old Chinatown. This neighborhood began in the 1800s as a wealthy residential neighborhood, declined during the 20th century, and in recent years has been undergoing gentrification.

The corridor's main street, Cass Avenue, runs parallel with M-1 (Woodward Avenue), a main Detroit artery running north toward New Center. Though Cass runs from Congress Street, ending a few miles farther north at West Grand Boulevard, the Cass Corridor generally is defined as between Interstate 75 (I-75) at its southern end and Interstate 94 (I-94) to the north, and stretches from Woodward to the east and to the west: John C. Lodge (M-10 service drive) north of Temple, and Grand River Avenue south of Temple.

Chinatown, Detroit
Detroit has had at least two locations that were once called "Chinatown", with the first being in a downtown location at Third Avenue, Porter St and Bagley St, now the permanent site of the MGM Grand Casino and Interstate 75's Fisher Freeway. In the 1960s urban renewal efforts facilitated its move to Cass Avenue and Peterboro, which was also an opportunity for the Chinese business community to finally purchase property.

Much of the Metro Detroit Chinese community live in the Troy area; other Asians such as Koreans also are in great number there. The old Chung’s building (opened in 1940) is being renovated while a Chinese fusion restaurant Peterboro opened in 2016, but closed briefly in the summer of 2023 to refocus. As of 2023, revitalization efforts have been under way for a revival of Detroit's Chinatown.
Alexander Frei
Alexander Frei or Alex Frei (born 15 July 1979) is a Swiss professional football coach and a former player who played as a striker. He was most recently head coach of FC Aarau in the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of Swiss football.

Frei began his career at Basel, going on to various other clubs in Switzerland, France and Germany before returning to his home club, where he won the Swiss Super League title in all four of his seasons, including doubles with the Swiss Cup in 2010 and 2012.

Frei is the all-time leading scorer of the Switzerland national team with 42 goals in 84 games. He represented the country at two UEFA European Championships and as many World Cups.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
Alexander Osmerkin
Alexander Alexandrovich Osmerkin (Russian: Александр Александрович Осмеркин; 8 December [O.S. 26 November] 1892 – 25 June 1953) was a Russian painter, graphic artist, stage designer, and art teacher. He was a member of the Knave of Diamonds avant-garde group, AKhRR, and Society of Moscow Artists (OMKh) groups. Since 1932 he was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists.

Gleb Savinov
Gleb Alexandrovich Savinov (Russian: Гле́б Алекса́ндрович Сави́нов; September 27, 1915 – November 5, 2000) was a Soviet, Russian painter and art teacher, Honored Artist of Russian Federation, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his genre and portrait painting.
Anthony Sawoniuk
Anthony Sawoniuk (born Andrei Sawoniuk; Belarusian: Андрэй Саванюк, romanized: Andrej Savaniuk; 7 March 1921 – 6 November 2005) was a Belarusian Nazi collaborator from the town of Damachava in Brest Region.

After taking part in the murder of the Jewish community in his home town, Sawoniuk served in the SS until November 1944 when he defected to the Polish II Corps in the British Eighth Army. After the war, he settled in Britain, became a British citizen, and became the first (and currently the only) person to be convicted under the UK's War Crimes Act 1991, when he was found guilty in 1999 of war crimes for the murder of 18 Jews. Sawoniuk received a life sentence, and died in prison six years later.

Damachava Ghetto
Damachava Ghetto was a Nazi Jewish ghetto, a place of forced relocation for Jews from the village of Damachava in the Brest district of the Brest region and nearby settlements during the persecution and extermination of Jews during the occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Namysłów
Namysłów (pronounced NAMI-swoof [naˈmɨswuf] ⓘ, German: Namslau; Silesian: Namysłow) is a historic town in southern Poland, within Opole Voivodeship. Located along the Widawa River, it is the capital of Namysłów County. Its population was 16,551 in 2019.

Namysłów County
Namysłów County (Polish: powiat namysłowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Namysłów, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) north of the regional capital, which is the city of Opole.

The county covers an area of 747.67 square kilometres (288.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 42,692, out of which the population of Namysłów is 16,557 and the rural population is 27,400.
Perkeo of Heidelberg
Perkeo of Heidelberg (born Clemens Pankert; according to other sources, Giovanni Clementi; 1702–1735) was a court jester and court dwarf who served Elector Palatine Charles III Philip in Heidelberg. As custodian of the Great Heidelberg Tun, he became an enduring symbol of the city and the surrounding region. His name, legend, and likeness have since been associated with local festivals, traditional songs, cultural and scientific institutions, and numerous businesses, including hotels and restaurants, both within and beyond Heidelberg.

Perkeo’s famed fondness for wine and the Italian catchphrase "perché no?" ("why not?") made him a popular figure in regional folklore. His image and name recur in local culture and celebrations—particularly in carnival traditions such as the Fastnacht in Heidelberg and Perkeo’s Maschggra in Salorno (Salurn)—as well as in later commemorations and commercial uses.

Salorno
Salorno sulla Strada del Vino (Italian pronunciation: [saˈlorno]; German: Salurn [saˈlʊrn]) is the southernmost comune (municipality) and a village in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the city of Bolzano. It is one of only six mainly Italian-speaking municipalities in South Tyrol.
RAF Barnham
RAF Barnham (also called Barnham Camp) is a Royal Air Force station  situated in the English county of Suffolk 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the Norfolk town of Thetford. It is located to the north of the village of Barnham on Thetford Heaths. The camp is a satellite station of RAF Honington.

During the 1950s and 60s a part of RAF Barnham was set aside as high-security storage facility for nuclear weapons. This area of the site is now a scheduled monument. Earlier than that, Barnham had been used as a chemical weapons store and filling station from 22 August 1939. In 1966, the nuclear weapons storage facility was put up for sale, and now forms the privately owned Gorse Industrial Estate. The chemical weapon store and former chemical weapon filling station are situated at Little Heath, Barnham down the dead-end Station Road.

Little Heath, Barnham
Little Heath, Barnham lies south-west of Barnham, Suffolk. Much of the area is now a Site of Special Scientific Interest, which almost surrounds the former chemical weapon store and filling station (FFD1)
Budd Company
The Budd Company was a 20th-century metal fabricator, a major supplier of body components to the automobile industry, and a manufacturer of stainless steel passenger rail cars, airframes, missile and space vehicles, and various defense products.

The company was founded in 1912 in Philadelphia by Edward G. Budd, whose fame came from his development of the first all-steel automobile bodies in 1913, and his company's invention of the "shotweld" technique for joining pieces of stainless steel without damaging its anti-corrosion properties in the 1930s.

The Budd Company became part of Budd Thyssen in 1978, and in 1999 a part of ThyssenKrupp Budd. Body and chassis operations were sold to Martinrea International in 2006. No longer an operating company, Budd filed for bankruptcy in 2014. It currently exists to provide benefits to its retirees.

ThyssenKrupp
ThyssenKrupp AG (/ˈtɪsən.krʊp/, German: [ˌtʏsn̩ˈkʁʊp]) is a German industrial engineering and steel production company. It resulted from the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and Essen. The company says that it is one of the largest steel producers in the world, and it was ranked tenth-largest worldwide by revenue in 2015.  It is divided into 670 subsidiaries worldwide. The largest shareholders are the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and Cevian Capital. ThyssenKrupp's products range from machines  and industrial services to high-speed trains, elevators, and shipbuilding. The subsidiary ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems also manufactures frigates, corvettes, and submarines for the German and other navies.
Zlatibor
Zlatibor (Serbian Cyrillic: Златибoр pronounced [zlǎtibɔːr]) is a mountainous region in western Serbia.

Among the most popular places in Serbia for tourism, Zlatibor's main attractions include health tourism, skiing, and hiking and the longest panoramic gondola lift in the world. Tornik ski resort is located in the area.

The largest city in the region is Užice—located at the foothills of the mountain—while most of the area belongs to the municipality of Čajetina. The town of Zlatibor has changed over the years from a group of vacation homes to an urban location with diverse amenities. The Zlatibor region is divided among two municipalities, Čajetina and Užice, both located in the Zlatibor District. The Belgrade-Bar railroad passes through Zlatibor.

Zlatibor (town)
Zlatibor (Serbian Cyrillic: Златибор) is a town located at the namesake mountain in the municipality of Čajetina, western Serbia. As of 2011, the population of the town is 2,821 inhabitants.

It is a popular tourist resort in Serbia. By road and rail it is connected with Užice and Nova Varoš. It lies on the road linking Belgrade with the Montenegrin coast and off the Belgrade–Bar railway.
Banffia
Banffia is a genus of animals described from Middle Cambrian fossils. The genus commemorates Banff, Alberta, near where the first fossil specimens were discovered. Its placement in higher taxa is controversial, with it mostly being considered to be a member of the enigmatic phylum Vetulicolia.

Vetulicolia
Vetulicolia is a group of bilaterian marine animals encompassing several extinct species from the Cambrian, and possibly Ediacaran, periods.  As of 2023, the majority of scientists favor placing Vetulicolians in the stem group of the Chordata, but some continue to favor a more crownward placement as a sister group to the Tunicata.  It was initially erected as a monophyletic clade with the rank of phylum in 2001, with subsequent work supporting its monophyly.  However, more recent research suggests that vetulicolians may be paraphyletic and form a basal evolutionary grade of stem chordates.
Gerald O'Hara
Gerald Patrick Aloysius O'Hara (May 4, 1895 – July 16, 1963) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia (1929–1935), as bishop of the Diocese of Savannah in Georgia (1935–1959), as papal regent to Romania (1947–1950), apostolic nuncio to Ireland (1951–1954), and as apostolic delegate to Great Britain (1954–1963).

Apostolic Nunciature to Ireland
The Apostolic Nunciature to Ireland the diplomatic mission of the Holy See to Ireland. It is located in Dublin. The position of Apostolic Nuncio is currently Luis Mariano Montemayor.

The Apostolic Nunciature to Ireland is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Ireland, with the rank of an embassy. The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the President of Ireland, and as delegate and point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Ireland (including Northern Ireland) and the Pope.
Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians
The Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians (often abbreviated Ign. Eph.) is an epistle attributed to Ignatius of Antioch, a second-century bishop of Antioch, and addressed to the church in Ephesus of Asia Minor. It was written during Ignatius' journey from Antioch to his execution in Rome.

Ignatius of Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch (/ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰγνάτιος Ἀντιοχείας, romanized: Ignátios Antiokheías; died c. 108/140), also known as Ignatius Theophorus (Ἰγνάτιος ὁ Θεοφόρος, Ignátios ho Theophóros, 'the God-bearing'), was an early Christian writer and the Patriarch of Antioch. While en route to Rome, where he met his martyrdom, Ignatius wrote a series of letters. This correspondence forms a central part of a later collection of works by the Apostolic Fathers. He is considered one of the three most important of these, together with Clement of Rome and Polycarp. Although the authenticity of his letters has been questioned, they continue to serve as an example of early Christian theology, and address important topics including ecclesiology, the sacraments, and the role of bishops.
Fangcun District
Fangcun District (Chinese: 芳村区; Wade–Giles: Fang1tsʻun1 Chʻü; Jyutping: fong1 cyun1 keoi1) was a former district in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It lay to the southwest of Guangzhou's modern downtown area and south of the Pearl River. It was established in 1949 after the Chinese Communist Party took over Guangzhou from the Kuomintang. In 2005, it merged with the Liwan District.

Liwan, Guangzhou
Liwan District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, China. The district is split into two parts by the Pearl River: Xiguan in the northeast and Fangcun in the southwest. The area has a prominent history, dating back to the Qin dynasty, and hosts a number of major historic sites. Liwan District spans an area of 62.4 square kilometres (24.1 sq mi), and as of the end of 2023, has a population of about 1,113,000.
Rhode Island State Guard
The Rhode Island State Guard is the currently inactive state defense force of Rhode Island. As a state defense force, the Rhode Island State Guard served as a state military unit which assumed the stateside duties of the Rhode Island National Guard when the National Guard was in federal service. However, unlike the National Guard, the State Guard, when organized, answers solely to the Governor of Rhode Island and by law cannot be federalized or deployed outside the borders of Rhode Island.

Rhode Island National Guard
The Rhode Island National Guard consists of the:

Rhode Island Army National Guard

Rhode Island Air National Guard 
102nd Information Warfare Squadron
143d Airlift Wing
281st Combat Communications Group
282nd Combat Communications Squadron
Red bean paste
Red bean paste (traditional Chinese: 豆沙/紅豆沙; simplified Chinese: 豆沙/红豆沙; Japanese: あんこ or 小豆餡; Korean: 팥소) or red bean jam, also called adzuki bean paste or anko (a Japanese word), is a paste made of red beans (also called "adzuki beans"), used in East Asian cuisine. The paste is prepared by boiling the beans, then mashing or grinding them.

The paste can be sweetened or left as it is. The color is usually dark red, which comes from the husk of the beans. In Korean cuisine, the adzuki beans (often the black variety) can also be husked prior to cooking, resulting in a white paste. It is also possible to remove the husk by sieving after cooking, but before sweetening, resulting in a red paste that is smoother and more homogeneous.

Adzuki bean
Vigna angularis, also known as the adzuki bean (Japanese: 小豆, Hepburn: azuki), azuki bean, aduki bean, red bean, or red mung bean, is an annual vine widely cultivated throughout East Asia for its small (approximately 5 mm or 1⁄4 in long) bean. The cultivars most familiar in East Asia have a uniform red color, but there are white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties.

Scientists presume Vigna angularis var. nipponensis is the progenitor.
Jasus
Jasus is a genus of spiny lobsters which live in the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. They have two distinct "horns" projecting from the front of the carapace, but lack the stridulating organs present in almost all other genera of spiny lobsters. Like all spiny lobsters, they lack claws, and have long stout antennae which are quite flexible.

The generic name Jasus is derived from the Ancient Greek town of Iasos (on the Mediterranean Sea, located in modern Turkey), which was famous for its prawns and stamped them on some of its coins.

Sagmariasus
Sagmariasus verreauxi is a species of spiny lobster that lives around northern New Zealand, the Kermadec Islands the Chatham Islands and Australia from Queensland to Tasmania. It is probably the longest decapod crustacean in the world, alongside the American lobster Homarus americanus, growing to lengths of up to 60 centimetres (24 in).
Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.

Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census tabulated Rockville's population at 67,117, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in Maryland.

Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, has several upscale regional shopping centers.
Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy (1941 film)
Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy is a two-reel cartoon produced by Fleischer Studios and released on April 11, 1941. It was co-written by Johnny Gruelle's son, Worth. It was the first Paramount cartoon to feature Raggedy Ann. The cartoon depicts Raggedy Ann and Andy as sweethearts as opposed to siblings in the books.

Raggedy Ann
Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle (1880–1938) who appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children. Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and a triangle nose. The character was created in 1915, as a doll, and was introduced to the public in the 1918 book Raggedy Ann Stories. When a doll was marketed with the book, the concept had great success. A sequel, Raggedy Andy Stories (1920), introduced the character of her brother, Raggedy Andy. Further characters such as the Camel with the Wrinkled Knees and Beloved Belindy, a black mammy doll, were featured as dolls and characters in books.
Zhang Binglin
Zhang Binglin (January 12, 1869 – June 14, 1936), also known by his art name Zhang Taiyan, was a Chinese philologist, textual critic, philosopher, and revolutionary.

His philological works include Wen Shi (文始 "The Origin of Writing"), the first systematic work of Chinese etymology. He also made contributions to historical Chinese phonology, proposing that "the niang (娘) and ri (日) initials [in Middle Chinese] come from the ni (泥) initial [in Old Chinese]" (known as niang ri gui ni 娘日歸泥). He developed a system of shorthand based on the seal script, called jiyin zimu (記音字母), later adopted as the basis of zhuyin. Though innovative in many ways, he was skeptical of new archaeological findings, regarding the oracle bones as forgery.

An activist as well as a scholar, he produced many political works. Because of his outspoken character, he was jailed for three years by the Qing Empire and put under house arrest for another three by Yuan Shikai.

Bopomofo
Bopomofo, also called Zhuyin Fuhao (/dʒuːˌjɪn fuːˈhaʊ/ joo-YIN foo-HOW; 注音符號; Zhùyīn fúhào; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply Zhuyin, is a transliteration system for Standard Chinese and other Sinitic languages. It is the principal method of teaching Mandarin pronunciation in Taiwan. It consists of 37 characters and five tone marks, which together can transcribe all possible sounds in Mandarin Chinese.

Bopomofo was first introduced in China during the 1910s by the Beiyang government, where it was used alongside Wade–Giles, a romanization system which used a modified Latin alphabet. Today, Bopomofo is more common in Taiwan than on the mainland, and is used as the primary electronic input method for Taiwanese Mandarin, as well as in dictionaries and other non-official documents.