hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American chop suey
American chop suey is an American pasta casserole made with ground beef, macaroni and a seasoned tomato sauce, found in the cuisine of New England and other regions of the United States. Outside New England, it is sometimes called American goulash or Johnny Marzetti, among other names. Despite its name, it has only a very distant relation to the chop suey of Chinese and American Chinese cuisine.

Though this comfort food is influenced by Italian-American cuisine, as well as older New England quick and practical meals like the "potato bargain" and "necessity mess", it is known as "American chop suey" both because it is a sometimes-haphazard hodgepodge of meat, vegetables and Italian seasonings, and because it once used rice, a staple ingredient in Chinese cuisine, instead of pasta.

Standard American chop suey consists of elbow macaroni and bits of cooked ground beef with sautéed onions in a thick tomato-based sauce.

American goulash
American goulash, sometimes called slumgullion or Minnesota goulash, is an American dish, similar to American chop suey. American goulash is usually referred to in the Midwestern and Southern United States as simply "goulash", and is commonly regarded as comfort food. It is a descendant or variant of Hungarian goulash.
Rio Grande City–Camargo International Bridge
The Rio Grande City – Camargo International Bridge is an international bridge along the United States–Mexico border between the U.S. state of Texas and the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is a crossing of the Rio Grande that connects the cities of Rio Grande City, Texas and Camargo, Tamaulipas. The bridge is also known as the Starr – Camargo Bridge and, in Spanish, Puente Camargo. It is the southern terminus of Farm to Market Road 755.

Camargo Municipality, Tamaulipas
Camargo is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is located on the US border, across from Rio Grande City, Texas. It has an official population of 14,933 inhabitants (2010 census). The municipal seat is Ciudad Camargo, with a population of 7,984. The municipality is connected to Rio Grande City, Texas, via the Rio Grande City-Camargo International Bridge.
Small talk
Small talk is an informal type of discourse that does not cover any functional topics of conversation or any transactions that need to be addressed. In essence, it is polite and standard conversation about unimportant things.

The phenomenon of small talk was initially studied in 1923 by Bronisław Malinowski in his essay "The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages", who coined the term "phatic communication" to describe it. The ability to conduct small talk is a social skill.

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.
Baritones and French Horns
Baritones and French Horns is a 16+2⁄3 rpm album released in August 1958 by Prestige Records. The album is one of a series of releases attributed to the Prestige All Stars.  Each side of the album was a distinct date with distinct personnel. From a jazz.com review, Kenny Berger wrote, "Among the many innovative technological failures of the mid- and late- 1950s, the 16-rpm phonograph record stands as the industry's answer to the Edsel. One of Prestige's contributions to this auditory dustbin was an LP on steroids titled Baritones and French Horns under the supervision of vibist, composer, arranger, A&R man Teddy Charles. The baritone side of this album was reissued twice on LP and twice more on CD under John Coltrane's name [as Dakar], though Pepper Adams was the actual leader on these sessions."  The "french horns" side of the album was reissued as Prestige ST 8305, Curtis Fuller and Hampton Hawes with French Horns.

Curtis Fuller and Hampton Hawes with French Horns
Curtis Fuller and Hampton Hawes with French Horns is an album by trombonist Curtis Fuller with pianist Hampton Hawes recorded in 1957 and originally released as one-half of a 16rpm record Baritones and French Horns but later re-released on the Status label, a subsidiary of Prestige Records in 1964.
5 sen note
The 5 sen note (五銭紙幣) was a denomination of Japanese yen that was issued nonconsecutively from 1944 to 1948 in paper form. Five sen notes were worth one-twentieth of a yen, making them the lowest subsidiary yen banknote ever made. These notes were broken up into two types, which were issued before and after World War II. Those issued before the war filled a void left when 5 sen coin production became difficult. The second and final issue came after the war when the Japanese government tried unsuccessfully to curb inflation. Neither of these notes are currently legal tender as the "sen" was abolished in 1953 when the yen system was modified to exclude the old fractional currency. These banknotes are now easily collectable and affordable as they were issued in large amounts.

5 sen coin
The 5 sen coin (五銭硬貨) was a Japanese coin worth one twentieth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. These coins were minted from the late 19th century until the end of World War II. Like the other denominations of sen, these coins were eventually taken out of circulation at the end of 1953. While not in circulation any more, these coins are bought and sold by numismatists for academic study, and by those with a hobby.
Lohra (megalithic tomb)
The Lohra tomb (German: Steinkammergrab von Lohra) was a megalithic monument outside Lohra near Marburg in north central Hesse, Germany. It is one of the lesser known among its type in Central Europe. It dates to the Late Neolithic, probably just after 3000 BC. It belongs to the gallery graves of the Wartberg culture, but is unique among them because of its rich ceramic assemblage.

Wartberg culture
The Wartberg culture (German: Wartbergkultur), sometimes: Wartberg group (Wartberggruppe) or Collared bottle culture (Kragenflaschenkultur) is a prehistoric culture from 3,600 -2,800 BC of the later Central European Neolithic. It is named after its type site, the Wartberg, a hill (306m asl) near Niedenstein-Kirchberg in northern Hesse, Germany.
Phocaeicola
Phocaeicola is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Bacteroidaceae, within the phylum Bacteroidota. The cells are non-spore-forming, non-motile, and vary from coccoid to rod-shaped. They are strictly anaerobic and typically found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.

The type species, Phocaeicola abscessus, was isolated from a human brain abscess in the Turkish coastal city of Foça, formerly known as ancient Phocaea, which inspired the genus name.

In 2020, many species formerly classified in the genus Bacteroides were reassigned to Phocaeicola based on whole-genome phylogenetic analyses.

Phocaeicola abscessus
Phocaeicola abscessus is a species of obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium in the family Bacteroidaceae. It is the type species of the genus Phocaeicola and was first isolated from a brain abscess sample from a human patient in Foça, Turkey.
Baytown culture
The Baytown culture was a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 300 to 700 CE in the lower Mississippi River Valley, consisting of sites in eastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, Louisiana, and western Mississippi. The Baytown Site on the White River in Monroe County, Arkansas is the type site for culture. It was a Baytown Period culture during the Late Woodland period. It was contemporaneous with the Coastal Troyville and Troyville cultures of Louisiana and Mississippi (all three had evolved from the Marksville Hopewellian peoples) and the Fourche Maline culture and was succeeded by the Plum Bayou culture. Where the Baytown peoples built dispersed settlements, the Troyville people instead continued building major earthwork centers.

Plum Bayou culture
Plum Bayou culture is a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that lived in what is now east-central Arkansas from 650–1050 CE, a time known as the Late Woodland Period. Archaeologists defined the culture based on the Plum Bayou Mounds site, previously known as Toltec Mounds, and named it for a local waterway.
Timeline of women's colleges in the United States
The following is a timeline of women's colleges in the United States. These are institutions of higher education in the United States whose student population comprises exclusively, or almost exclusively, women. They are often liberal arts colleges. There are approximately 35 active women's colleges in the U.S. as of 2021.

The colleges are listed by the date when they opened to students.

Women's colleges in the United States
Women's colleges in the United States are private single-sex U.S. institutions of higher education that only admit female students. They are often liberal arts colleges. There are approximately 29 active women's colleges in the United States in 2024, down from a peak of 281 such colleges in the 1960s.
William Roberts & Co of Nelson
William Roberts and Company (later William Roberts and Sons) of Phoenix Foundry in Nelson, Lancashire, England, produced many of the steam engines that powered cotton weaving and spinning mills of Pendle and neighbouring districts. Industrial historian Mike Rothwell has called Phoenix foundry “Nelson’s most significant engineering site”.

Nelson, Lancashire
Nelson is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England, it had a population of 33,617 in 2021. Nelson is 3 miles (5 km) north of Burnley and 2 miles (3 km) south-west of Colne. Nelson developed as a mill town during the Industrial Revolution.
Law of total cumulance
In probability theory and mathematical statistics, the law of total cumulance is a generalization to cumulants of the law of total probability, the law of total expectation, and the law of total variance.  It has applications in the analysis of time series.  It was introduced by David Brillinger.

It is most transparent when stated in its most general form, for joint cumulants, rather than for cumulants of a specified order for just one random variable.  In general, we have

where

κ(X1, ..., Xn) is the joint cumulant of n random variables X1, ..., Xn, and

the sum is over all partitions  of the set { 1, ..., n } of indices, and

"B ∈ π;" means B runs through the whole list of "blocks" of the partition π, and

κ(Xi : i ∈ B | Y) is a conditional cumulant given the value of the random variable Y.  It is therefore a random variable in its own right—a function of the random variable Y.

Law of total variance
The law of total variance is a fundamental result in probability theory that expresses the variance of a random variable Y in terms of its conditional variances and conditional means given another random variable X. Informally, it states that the overall variability of Y can be split into an “unexplained” component (the average of within-group variances) and an “explained” component (the variance of group means).

Formally, if X and Y are random variables on the same probability space, and Y has finite variance, then:

This identity is also known as the variance decomposition formula, the conditional variance formula, the law of iterated variances, or colloquially as Eve’s law, in parallel to the “Adam’s law” naming for the law of total expectation.

In actuarial science (particularly in credibility theory), the two terms  and  are called the expected value of the process variance (EVPV) and the variance of the hypothetical means (VHM) respectively.
Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia established relations in 1947, when Pakistan became independent from British rule. Relations have been historically close and friendly, frequently described by analysts as constituting a special relationship. Pakistan has sometimes been dubbed as "Saudi Arabia's closest Muslim and non-Arab ally." Pakistan has, in line with its pan-Islamic ideology, assumed the role of a guardian of Saudi Arabia against any external or internal threat. Since September 17, 2025, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have had a mutual defence pact.

Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement
The Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) is a security and defence pact between the countries of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Under this agreement, both countries have committed to treating any act of aggression against one as an act against both (known as collective security).

The pact was signed on 17 September 2025 at Al-Yamamah Palace in Riyadh, by Saudi crown prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistani prime minister Shehbaz Sharif, during a state visit of the latter to Saudi Arabia.
Mazda CX-7
The Mazda CX-7 is a mid-size crossover SUV from Mazda, and is the production version of the MX-Crossport concept car. It was shown publicly for the first time at the 2006 LA Auto Show in January. Production officially began on February 20, 2006 in Mazda's Ujina #2 factory in Hiroshima, and went on sale in April 2006 as a 2007 model. The CX-7 was Mazda's first mid-size SUV since the Navajo was discontinued in 1994, although the CX-7 is considered more of a 'Soft Roader'.

The mid-size CX-7 was positioned below the larger three-row Mazda CX-9; the vehicles did not share platforms. Instead, it used the Ford C1 platform that underpinned the Ford Focus and Mazda3. The CX-7 was discontinued in August 2012 in favor of the new Mazda CX-5; as the compact CX-5 has similar interior space to the mid-size CX-7.

Mazda CX-5
The Mazda CX-5 is a compact crossover SUV, produced by Mazda since 2012. A successor to both the Tribute and the slightly larger CX-7, it is Mazda's first model to feature the "Kodo" design language and the first model to be fully developed with a range of technologies branded as Skyactiv, including a rigid, lightweight platform combined with a series of engines and transmissions to reduce emissions and fuel consumption. The car was first debuted in 2011.

Since 2019, the CX-5 is positioned above the smaller CX-30. As of 2022, depending on the region, the CX-5 is positioned right below the larger CX-50, CX-60 or the CX-8 within Mazda's crossover SUV line-up.

Since 2014, the CX-5 has consistently been Mazda’s best-selling model globally. It achieved record sales in 2019, with 444,262 units sold worldwide. As of March 2022, cumulative sales of the CX-5 reached around 3.5 million units.
Sodomy
Sodomy (/ˈsɒdəmi/), also called buggery in British English, principally refers to either anal sex (but occasionally also oral sex) between people, or any sexual activity between a human and another animal (bestiality). It may also mean any non-procreative sexual activity (including manual sex). Originally the term sodomy, which is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis, was commonly restricted to homosexual anal sex. Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized the behavior. In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are routinely not enforced. A person who practices sodomy is sometimes referred to as a sodomite, a pejorative term.

Zoophilia
Zoophilia is a paraphilia in which a person experiences a sexual fixation on non-human animals. Bestiality instead refers to cross-species sexual activity between humans and non-human animals. Due to the lack of research on the subject, it is difficult to conclude how prevalent bestiality is. Zoophilia was estimated in one study to be prevalent in 2% of the population in 2021.
Sethu (film)
Sethu (/seɪθu/) is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama tragedy film, written and directed by Bala in his debut. The film stars Vikram and Abitha. The score and soundtrack were composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with cinematography by R. Rathnavelu and editing by Raghu Baabu.

Sethu, released on 10 December 1999, initially began running as a single noon show in a suburban theatre, but gradually built up audiences through word-of-mouth publicity. The film became a sleeper hit and Vikram's first major breakthrough film. It won the National Film Award for Best Tamil Feature Film and the Best Film award at the Filmfare Awards and the Cinema Express Awards. Bala and Vikram also won several awards for their contributions. The film was remade in Kannada as Huchcha, in Telugu as Seshu and in Hindi as Tere Naam.

Huchcha
Huchcha (transl. Mad) is a 2001 Indian Kannada-language romantic action drama film directed by Om Prakash Rao, starring Sudeep and Rekha Vedavyas. It is a remake of the 1999 Tamil film Sethu, The film released to positive reviews and brought a lot of fame to Sudeep. Earlier the script was rejected by Upendra and Shiva Rajkumar. The film Huccha 2 is not a continuation of this film but has a similar theme.
Devonport, Plymouth
Devonport (UK: /ˈdɛvənpɔːt/ DEV-ən-pot, 
US: /ˈdɛvənpɔːrt/ DEV-ən-port)
 formerly named Plymouth Dock or just Dock, is a district of Plymouth in the ceremonial county of Devon, England, although it was, at one time, the more important settlement. It became a county borough in 1889. Devonport was originally one of the "Three Towns" (along with Plymouth and East Stonehouse); these merged in 1914 to form what would become in 1928 the City of Plymouth. It is represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of the Plymouth Sutton and Devonport constituency. Its elected Member of Parliament (MP) is Luke Pollard, who is a member of the Labour and Co-operative Party. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 14,788.

Stonehouse, Plymouth
East Stonehouse was one of three towns that were amalgamated into modern-day Plymouth, in the ceremonial county of Devon, England. West Stonehouse was a village that is within the current Mount Edgcumbe Country Park in Cornwall. It was destroyed by the French in 1350.
The terminology used in this article refers to the settlement of East Stonehouse which is on the Devon side of the mouth of the Tamar estuary, and will be referred to as Stonehouse.
Higher Education Statistics Agency
The Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) was the official agency for the collection, analysis and dissemination of quantitative information about higher education in the United Kingdom. HESA became a directorate of Jisc after a merger in 2022.

HESA was set up by agreement between the relevant government departments, the higher education funding councils and the universities and colleges in 1993, following the White Paper "Higher Education: a new framework", which called for more coherence in HE statistics, and the Further and Higher Education Act 1992, which established an integrated higher education system throughout the United Kingdom. In 2018 HESA became the Designated Data Body for higher education in England under the Higher Education and Research Act 2017, with designation passing to Jisc after the 2022 merger.

Jisc
Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit organisation that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education and research, as well as the public sector. Its head office is based in Bristol with offices in London, Manchester, and Oxford. Its current CEO is Heidi Fraser-Krauss, who joined in September 2021 from the University of Sheffield.
Iowa Highway 51
Iowa Highway 51 (Iowa 51) is a state highway that runs from north to south in northeast Iowa. Contained entirely by Allamakee County, it is only 11 miles (18 km) in length.  It begins at U.S. Highway 18 (US 18) and US 52 in Postville and ends at Iowa 9 near Waukon.

Iowa Highway 9
Iowa Highway 9 is the most northern of Iowa's east–west highways, traversing the entire northern tier of counties. It runs from the eastern terminus of South Dakota Highway 42 at the South Dakota border east of Sioux Falls, South Dakota near Benclare, to the Wisconsin border at Lansing where it continues as Wisconsin Highway 82. It is largely rural in character, bypassing any large city. Making a few dips north and south, the highway largely follows a very straight east–west alignment.
Malindi
Malindi (known as Melinde in antiquity) is a is a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Galana River, lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. It is 120 kilometres northeast of Mombasa. The population of Malindi was 119,859 as of the 2019 census. It is the largest urban centre in Kilifi County.

Athi-Galana-Sabaki River
The Athi-Galana-Sabaki River is the second longest river in Kenya (after the Tana River).  It has a total length of 390 kilometres (240 mi), and drains an area of 58,639 square kilometres (22,641 sq mi). The river rises in the Gatamaiyo Forest as the Athi River and enters the Indian Ocean as the Galana River (also known as the Sabaki River).
Holyport
Holyport (pronounced Hollyport) is a suburban village in the civil parish of Bray (where at the 2011 Census the population was included), about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Maidenhead town centre in the English county of Berkshire.

Bray, Berkshire
Bray, occasionally Bray on Thames, is a village and civil parish in the Windsor and Maidenhead district, in the ceremonial county of Berkshire. It sits on the banks of the River Thames, to the southeast of Maidenhead with which it is contiguous. The village is mentioned in the comedic song "The Vicar of Bray". Bray contains two of the nine three-Michelin-starred restaurants in the United Kingdom and has several large business premises including Bray Studios at Water Oakley, where the first series of Hammer Horror films were produced.
Gordon White, Baron White of Hull
Vincent Gordon Lindsay White, Baron White of Hull, KBE (11 May 1923 – 23 August 1995), known as Gordon White, was co-founder with James Hanson of the British conglomerate Hanson plc and one of the most successful corporate raiders of the 1970s and 1980s known for his uncanny intuition and ruthless takeover tactics. He died in Los Angeles aged 72, leaving most of his £70 million fortune to his son Lucas.

James Hanson, Baron Hanson
James Edward Hanson, Baron Hanson (20 January 1922 – 1 November 2004) was an English industrialist who built his businesses through the process of leveraged buyouts through Hanson plc. Hanson's billion-dollar empire earned him the nickname "Lord Moneybags". The Independent called him on his death "the very archetype of the Thatcherite tycoon".
W4XA
W4XA was an "experimental audio broadcasting station" operated by The National Life and Accident Insurance Company in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1939 to 1940. It was part of a group of stations informally referred to as "Apex" stations, because it transmitted programming intended for the general public over what was then known as "ultra-high short-wave" frequencies. Although co-owned with AM station WSM, it primarily originated its own programs. W4XA ceased broadcasting in 1940, as station management prepared to inaugurate a new FM station, W47NV.

WSM-FM (1941–1951)
WSM-FM was a commercial radio station that was operated by the National Life and Accident Insurance Company in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, beginning on March 1, 1941. Under its original call sign of W47NV, it was described at the time as the first fully licensed commercial FM station in the nation. However, after ten years of financial losses, the station ceased operations on March 15, 1951.