hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AP Physics C: Mechanics
Advanced Placement (AP) Physics C: Mechanics (also known as AP Mechanics) is an introductory physics course administered by the American College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It is intended to serve as a proxy for a one-semester calculus-based university course in mechanics. Physics C: Mechanics may be combined with its electricity and magnetism counterpart to form a year-long course that prepares for both exams.

AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism
Advanced Placement (AP) Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism (also known as AP Physics C: E&M or AP E&M) is an introductory physics course administered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It is intended to serve as a proxy for a second-semester calculus-based university course in electricity and magnetism. Physics C: E&M may be combined with its mechanics counterpart to form a year-long course that prepares for both exams.
Battle of Brescia (312)
The Battle of Brescia (Latin: Brixia) was a confrontation that took place during the summer of 312, between the Roman emperors Constantine the Great and Maxentius in the town of Brescia, in northern Italy. Maxentius declared war on Constantine on the grounds that he wanted to avenge the death of his father Maximian (r. 285–308, 310), who had committed suicide after being defeated by him. Constantine would respond with a massive invasion of Italy.

The Battle of Brescia took place after the Battle of Augusta Taurinorum (modern Turin), and preceded the penultimate battle between the two emperors, which was fought near Verona.

Battle of Verona (312)
The Battle of Verona was fought in 312 between the forces of the Roman emperors Constantine I and Maxentius. Maxentius' forces were defeated, and Ruricius Pompeianus, the most senior Maxentian commander, was killed in the fighting.
North Wales Society of Architects
The North Wales Society of Architects (NWSA; Welsh: Cymdeithas Penseiri Gogledd Cymru; formerly the North Wales Architectural Society) is one of four branches of the Royal Society of Architects in Wales (RSAW). It was established in 1928 as an independent organisation, becoming a branch of the newly formed Society of Architects in Wales (as the RSAW was initially styled) in 1970 upon the restructuring of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

The Society champions better buildings, communities and the environment through architecture and its members. As of 2014 it represented over 120 chartered architects in the region.

The RSAW is the Wales region of the RIBA. RSAW was granted Royal status by the Privy Council in 1994. The society are also members of the Architects Benevolent Society and provide advice for members in the North Wales area.

Royal Society of Architects in Wales
The Royal Society of Architects in Wales (RSAW) is the Wales region of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). The society was granted Royal status by the Privy Council in 1994.

It is based in Cardiff, with four branches throughout Wales; Design Circle (RSAW South), Mid Wales Branch, North Wales Society of Architects and West Wales Branch. In 2007 the Society represented around 800 architects in Wales.

RSAW regularly organises competitions to highlight good architecture in Wales. In 2012 it held a competition entitled ReDesigning the Terrace, with the 12 shortlisted entries displayed at its conference in December 2012.
Windows Presentation Foundation
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a free and open-source user interface framework for Windows-based desktop applications. WPF applications are based in .NET, and are primarily developed using C# and XAML.

Originally developed by Microsoft, WPF was initially released as part of .NET Framework 3.0 in 2006. In 2018, Microsoft released WPF as open source under the MIT License. WPF's design and its layout language XAML have been adopted by multiple other UI frameworks, such as UWP, .NET MAUI, and Avalonia.

.NET
The .NET platform (pronounced as "dot net"; formerly named .NET Core) is a free and open-source, managed computer software framework for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems. It is a cross-platform successor to the .NET Framework. The project is mainly developed by Microsoft employees by way of the .NET Foundation and is today released under an MIT License.

New versions of the .NET platform are released annually, typically in November. The most recent version of .NET is .NET 10, released in November 2025, which is a long-term support (LTS) version, and is scheduled to receive updates until November 2028.
Alexios V of Trebizond
Alexios V Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Σκαντάριος Μέγας Κομνηνός, romanized: Alexios Skantarios Megas Komnēnos; 1454 – 1 November 1463) was very briefly Trapezuntine emperor in April 1460, succeeding his uncle John IV, until his deposition by his other uncle, David. Alexios was the son and only known child of Alexander, a brother of John IV and David. Alexander served as co-emperor with John IV but died prior to 1460, which left the young Alexios as John IV's heir. Almost immediately after Alexios's accession, David, with support of the influential Kabazites family, deposed Alexios and took the throne for himself.

Alexios was executed alongside the rest of his family by the Ottomans at Constantinople in 1463, two years after Trebizond's fall to the Ottoman Empire, after David was accused of plotting treason against the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II.

John IV of Trebizond
John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs Megas Komnēnos) (died April 1460) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 until his death. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene.
Maui County, Hawaii
Maui County (Hawaiian: Kalana ʻo Maui), officially the County of Maui, is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It consists of the islands of Maui, Lānaʻi, Molokaʻi (except for a portion of Molokaʻi that comprises Kalawao County), Kahoʻolawe, and Molokini. The latter two are uninhabited. As of the 2020 census, the population was 164,754. The county seat is Wailuku.

Maui County is included in the Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Kalawao County, Hawaii
Kalawao County (Hawaiian: Kalana o Kalawao) is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the smallest county in the 50 states by land area and the second-smallest county by population, after Loving County, Texas. The county encompasses the peninsula on the north coast of the island of Molokaʻi. The peninsula was developed and used from 1866 to 1969 as a leper colony, chosen because it is isolated from the rest of Molokaʻi by cliffs over a quarter-mile high; the only land access is a mule trail, now closed to visitors.

Due to the small population (82 as of the 2020 United States census), Kalawao County does not have the same functions as other Hawaii counties. Instead, it operates as a judicial district of Maui County, which includes the rest of the island of Molokaʻi. The county has no elected government.
Bounding overwatch
Bounding overwatch (also known as leapfrogging, moving overwatch, or the buddy system) is a military tactic of alternating movement of coordinated units to allow, if necessary, suppressive fire in support of offensive forward "fire and movement" or defensive "center peel" disengagement.

As members of a unit (element to platoon level) take an overwatch posture, other members advance to cover; these two groups continually switch roles as they close with the enemy. This process may be done by "leapfrogging" with fireteams, but is usually done within fireteams along a squad/platoon battle line to simulate an overwhelming movement towards the enemy and make it more difficult for the enemy to distinguish specific targets.

This military tactic takes continuous training and focused coordination to be effectively practiced on the modern battlefield. It was first developed in World War II, when the prevalence of man-portable automatic weapons made suppressing fire possible.

Overwatch (military tactic)
Overwatch is a force protection tactic in modern warfare where one small military unit, vehicle, or aircraft supports another friendly unit while the latter executes fire and movement tactics.  The term was coined in U.S. military doctrine in the 1950s.

An overwatching unit typically takes a vantage position (usually a high ground or tall structure with good defilade) where it can observe the terrain far ahead, especially likely enemy positions and movements.  This allows it to act as a warning system against hostile aggression and provide effective covering fire for advancing friendly units.
Chain mail
Mail (sometimes spelled maille and, since the 18th century, colloquially referred to as chain mail, chainmail, or chain-mail) is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was widely used in European militaries from the 3rd century BC to the 16th century AD, while in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East it remained in military use until as late as the 18th century. Chain mail is still in use in industries such as butchery and as protection against the powerful bites of creatures such as sharks. A coat of this armour is often called a hauberk or sometimes a byrnie.

Hauberk
A hauberk or byrnie is a mail shirt. The term is usually used to describe a shirt reaching at least to mid-thigh and including sleeves. A haubergeon ("little hauberk") refers to a smaller mail shirt, that was sometimes sleeveless, but the terms are occasionally used interchangeably. Mail armor, likely invented by the Celts, became widely adopted for its flexibility and spread throughout Europe and Asia, becoming a staple in Roman legions and medieval warfare. By the 11th century, the hauberk evolved into a knee-length, sleeved mail shirt, as depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry and it remained in use in Europe until the Renaissance despite the rise of plate armor.
Collybia brunneocephala
Collybia brunneocephala, also known as the brown blewit or brownit, is a species of gilled mushroom. Previously designated Clitocybe brunneocephala, the brownit and its lavender-colored cousin Clitocybe nuda (the wood blewit) were reassigned to the genus Collybia in 2023.

It is found in North America and edible but resembles some poisonous species.

Collybia nuda
Collybia nuda, commonly known as the blewit or wood blewit and previously described as Lepista nuda and Clitocybe nuda, is a species of fungi. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as Tricholoma nudum for many years. It is morphologically similar and related to the field blewit, Collybia personata; both mushrooms were reassigned to the genus Collybia in 2023.

The species is native to Europe and North America. It is found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It has been cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. It is a widely consumed edible mushroom.
Fist bump
A fist bump, also known as a bro fist, power five, a spud, or also commonly known as a safe, is a gesture similar in meaning to a handshake or high five. A fist bump can also be a symbol of giving respect or approval, as well as companionship between two people. It can be followed by various other hand and body gestures and may be part of a dap greeting. It is commonly used in sports as a form of celebration with teammates and with opposition players at the beginning or end of a game. Fist bumps are often given as a form of friendly congratulation.

Handshake
A handshake is a globally widespread, brief greeting or parting tradition in which two people grasp one of each other's hands, and in most cases, it is accompanied by a brief up-and-down movement of the grasped hands. Customs surrounding handshakes are specific to cultures. Different cultures may be more or less likely to shake hands, or there may be different customs about how or when to shake hands.
Radiopharmaceutical
Radiopharmaceuticals, or medicinal radiocompounds, are a group of pharmaceutical drugs containing radioactive isotopes. Radiopharmaceuticals can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Radiopharmaceuticals emit radiation themselves, which is different from contrast media which absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound. Radiopharmacology is the branch of pharmacology that specializes in these agents.

The main group of these compounds are the radiotracers used to diagnose dysfunction in body tissues. While not all medical isotopes are radioactive, radiopharmaceuticals are the oldest and remain the most common of such drugs.

Isotopes in medicine
A medical isotope is an isotope used in medicine. The first uses of isotopes in medicine were in radiopharmaceuticals, and this is still the most common use. However more recently, separated stable isotopes have come into use.
Amanda Moll
Amanda Moll (born January 31, 2005) is an American pole vaulter.  She holds the indoor world under-18 best, the NCAA record, the American youth record and high school all-time record in the pole vault.

Her twin sister Hana Moll is also a pole vaulter and won the 2022 World Junior Championships. The pair finished tied for sixth overall competing for the United States at the senior 2025 World Athletics Championships in Tokyo.

Hana Moll
Hana Moll (born January 31, 2005) is an American track and field athlete who competes in pole vault. She won the 2022 IAAF World Junior Championships and won the 2025 NCAA Outdoor Championships.

Her twin sister Amanda Moll is also a pole vaulter, and the pair finished tied for sixth overall competing at the senior 2025 World Athletics Championships in Tokyo.
Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons
The Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons was a yeomanry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1794 to 1956. It was formed as a volunteer cavalry force in 1794 during the French Revolutionary Wars. Its volunteer companies played an active role with the Imperial Yeomanry in the Second Boer War, but opportunities for mounted action were much more restricted during the First World War and it was temporarily converted into a cycle unit. It remained a cavalry regiment throughout the interwar years, and was the last horsed unit of the British Army to see action, in the Syria–Lebanon Campaign of 1941, finally mechanising the following year. It served as motorised infantry in the North African and Italian campaigns of the Second World War. In 1956, it merged with the Yorkshire Hussars and the East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry to form the Queen's Own Yorkshire Yeomanry. Its lineage is continued today by A (Yorkshire Yeomanry) Squadron, the Queen's Own Yeomanry.

East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry
The East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry was a unit of the British Army formed in 1902. 
Units of Yeomanry Cavalry were raised in the East Riding of Yorkshire in the 18th and early 19th centuries at times of national emergency: the Jacobite Rising of 1745, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. These were stood down once each emergency was over. 
The East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry, was established in 1902, and this saw action during the First World War both in the mounted role and as machine gunners.

It was converted to an armoured regiment in 1920, and fought in the Battle of France and the campaign in North West Europe during the Second World War, while some of its personnel served as paratroopers in the Normandy landings and the Rhine Crossing. In 1956, it merged with two other Yorkshire yeomanry regiments to form the Queen's Own Yorkshire Yeomanry. Its lineage is continued today by the Queen's Own Yeomanry.
Międzyrzec Boyars
Międzyrzec Boyars were an ethnographic group of Polish people, that in 19th century, inhabited the rural areas near Międzyrzec Podlaski, in the region of Podlachia, currently located at the border of the Podlaskie Voivodeship and the Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. They were a subgroup of Masovians. By the end of the 19th century, the group had assimilated into the rest of Polish people, losing its separate cultural identity.

Masovians
Masovians, also spelled as Mazovians, and historically known as Masurians, is an ethnographic group of Polish people that originates from the region of Masovia, located mostly within borders of the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. They speak the Masovian dialect of Polish.

The group originates from the Lechitic tribe of Masovians, first referenced in the historical records by Nestor the Chronicler in the 11th century.

In the Polish census of 2021, 97 people declared Mazovian national identity.
Ouragan-class landing platform dock
The Ouragan class (French: Hurricane) was a series of French landing platform docks operated by the Marine Nationale. They were designated Transport de chalands de débarquement (TCD) (in English: landing craft transport) in French service. The Ouragan class was the first series of landing platform docks designed and constructed by France. The two ships entered service in the late 1960s and both ships saw service in the Pacific Ocean as part of the French nuclear programme. They were initially intended to be replaced by the Foudre-class landing platform docks in the 1990s. However, due to delays, they were kept in service until they were replaced by the Mistral-class amphibious assault ships in the 2000s. A possible sale to Argentina fell through after concerns of asbestos arose. Both ships were taken out of service in 2007 and were scrapped in Belgium in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

Foudre-class landing platform dock
The Foudre-class landing platform dock is a class of landing platform docks designed and constructed for the French Navy. Designated Transport de Chalands de Débarquement, they were intended to replace the ageing Ouragan class and the construction of four vessels was planned. Only two were built and the remaining two were instead reordered as Mistral-class amphibious assault ships. The two ships of the Foudre class, Foudre and Siroco, operated with the French Navy between 1990 and 2014. Replaced by the Mistrals, in 2011 Foudre was sold to the Chilean Navy and Siroco was sold to the Brazilian Navy in 2015.
Bert L. Stafford
Bert Linus Stafford (December 14, 1877 – July 29, 1941) was an American attorney and politician from Vermont. A Republican, he was most notable for his service in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1906 to 1908, as State's Attorney of Rutland County from 1910 to 1915, and as mayor of Rutland from 1915 to 1917. He was the father of Vermont governor and U.S. Senator Robert Stafford.

Robert Stafford
Robert Theodore Stafford (August 8, 1913 – December 23, 2006) was an American politician from Vermont. In his lengthy political career, he served as the 71st governor of Vermont, a United States representative, and a U.S. senator. A Republican, Stafford was generally considered a liberal, or "Rockefeller Republican".

Stafford is best remembered for his staunch environmentalism, his work on higher education, and his support, as an elder statesman, for the 2000 Vermont law legalizing civil unions for gay couples.
Sergei Grinkov
Sergei Mikhailovich Grinkov (Russian: Сергей Михайлович Гриньков; 4 February 1967 – 20 November 1995) was a Soviet and Russian pair skater. Together with his wife Ekaterina Gordeeva, he was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and a four-time World Champion (1986, 1987, 1989, 1990).

Ekaterina Gordeeva
Ekaterina "Katia" Alexandrovna Gordeeva (Russian: Екатерина Александровна Гордеева; born 28 May 1971) is a Soviet and Russian figure skater. With her late husband Sergei Grinkov, she is the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion, a four-time World Champion (1986, 1987, 1989, 1990), a three-time European Champion (1988, 1990, 1994), the 1990 Goodwill Games champion, 1987 Soviet champion, and 1994 Russian champion in pair skating. After Grinkov's death, Gordeeva continued performing as a singles skater.
Urs
Urs (from Urdu: عرس ‘Urs) or Urus (literal meaning wedding in Arabic), is the death anniversary of a Sufi saint, usually held at the saint's dargah (shrine or tomb). In most Sufi orders such as Naqshbandiyyah, Suhrawardiyya, Chishtiyya, Qadiriyya, etc. the concept of Urs exists and is celebrated with enthusiasm. The devotees refer to their saints as lovers of God, the beloved.

Urs rituals are generally performed by the custodians of the shrine or the existing Shaikh of the silsila. The celebration of Urs ranges from Hamd to Naat and in many cases includes the singing of religious music such as qawwali. The celebration also features food samples, bazaar, and various kinds of shops.

The Urs of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti at Dargah Sharif in Ajmer attracts more than 400,000 devotees each year and is regarded as one of the most famous urs festivals around the world.

Dargah
A Sufi shrine or dargah is a shrine or tomb built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. Sufis often visit the shrine for ziyarat, a term associated with religious visitation and pilgrimages. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (madrasas), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes.
Jetta (wrestler)
Victoria Owen (born 6 August 1987) is a retired English professional wrestler who wrestles as Jetta. She is best known for her work on the independent circuit in England with various promotions including LDN Wrestling, ChickFight and Real Quality Wrestling. She also wrestled in America with Shimmer Women Athletes, where she was part of the alliance The International Home Wrecking Crew.

She has primarily performed as a villainous character, using the gimmick of an arrogant and outspoken individual earning her the name 'Coventry's Loudest'. Fighting Spirit Magazine exclusively named her and early rival Eden Black as "spearheading a revolution in British wrestling" with regards to serious female wrestling. In April 2010, Jetta announced after a match in her home town that she would be retiring from wrestling in June of that year.

Eden Black
"The Jezebel" Eden Black (born 28 January 1981) is the ring name of a retired British professional wrestler who wrestled internationally on the independent circuit in promotions such as Real Quality Wrestling, Shimmer Women Athletes and ChickFight among others. She was known for her wrestling attire, choosing loose-fitting street clothes similar in style to Homicide, her strike-based style of fighting and her relationship with fellow wrestler JP Monroe. Fighting Spirit Magazine exclusively named her and rival Jetta as "spearheading a revolution in British wrestling" with regard to serious female wrestling.
Arkansas Highway 201
Highway 201 (AR 201, Ark. 201, and Hwy. 201)  is a north–south state highway in Baxter County, Arkansas. The route runs 24.05 miles (38.70 km) from Arkansas Highway 341 in Salesville north to the Missouri state line through Mountain Home, the county seat of Baxter County.

Arkansas Highway 341
Highway 341 (AR 341, Ark. 341, and Hwy. 341) is a designation for two north–south state highways in Baxter County. One segment of 26.15 miles (42.08 km) runs from Highway 14 north to Highway 5 in Salesville. A second segment of 1.91 miles (3.07 km) runs northeast from Highway 5 near Briarcliff to Tracy Ferry Road/Rocky Ridge Road near Norfork Lake.