hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Handwashing in Judaism
Jewish law and custom prescribe ritual hand washing in a number of situations. This practice is generally known by the Hebrew term netilath yadayim (Hebrew: נטילת ידיים), which means "taking up of the hands."

The Talmud used the requirement of handwashing in Leviticus 15:11, "And whomsoever he that hath the issue toucheth, without having rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even", as a hint for general handwashing law, using the principle of asmakhta or "allusion."

Asmachta (Talmudical hermeneutics)
In Talmudical hermeneutics, asmachta is an allusion found in the Hebrew Bible for rabbinical prohibitions or any other Halakha. It's an exception in the talmudical hermeneutics, since it doesn't base the law on the cited verse, but uses the verse as a hint.

Sometimes it isn't clear whether the verse has been quoted as an asmachta or as a source, which can lead to controversy over the de'oraita or derabanan quality of the law. An example of such a case is the controversy over  berakhah she'eina tzricha or berakhah levatala, the prohibition to say a prayer outside its context. The Talmud says "Anyone who recites an unnecessary blessing violates the biblical prohibition: Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain". While Maimonides sees it as a source, the Tosafists see it as an asmachta.
2023 Kazakhstan Premier League
The 2023 Kazakhstan Premier League was the 32nd season of the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest football league competition in Kazakhstan.

The winners (Ordabasy) qualified for the first qualifying round of the Champions League. The 2023 Kazakhstan Cup winners (Tobol) qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League. The runners-up (Astana) qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2024–25 UEFA Conference League, with the third-placed team (Aktobe) qualifying for the first qualifying round. The bottom three teams (Aksu, Caspiy, and Okzhetpes) and Maktaaral (relegated due to failing licensing process for the 2024 season) were relegated to the 2024 Kazakhstan First Division.

FC Astana
Astana Football Club (Kazakh: Астана футбол клубы, Astana Futbol Kluby) is a professional football club based in Astana. They play in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest level of Kazakh football. The club's home ground is the 30,000-seat Astana Arena stadium. The club colours, reflected in their badge and kit, are sky blue and yellow. Founded as Lokomotiv Astana in 2009, the club changed its name to Astana in 2011.

The club has won a record seven league titles, three Kazakhstan Cups and six Kazakhstan Super Cups.
Old University Building, Valletta
The Old University Building (Maltese: L-Università l-Qadima or L-Università l-Antika), also known as the Valletta Campus, is the original campus of the University of Malta, located adjacent to the Church of the Jesuits in Valletta, Malta. Construction of the building began in 1595, and it originally housed a Jesuit college known as the Collegium Melitense Societatis Jesu. The building had to be repaired after being damaged in an explosion in 1634 and an earthquake in 1693.

The University of Malta was established in 1769 after the Jesuits were expelled, and it continued to use the same building. Although the university moved to a much larger campus at Tal-Qroqq in Msida in the 1960s, the Old University Building still houses a number of university departments and it is used for some lectures and conferences.

University of Malta
The University of Malta (Maltese: L-Università ta' Malta; UM; formerly UOM) is a public research university in the towns of Msida and Valletta, Malta. It serves as the flagship and national university of the Republic of Malta.

It offers undergraduate bachelor's degrees, postgraduate master's degrees and postgraduate doctorates. It is a member of the European University Association, the European Access Network, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Utrecht Network, the Santander Network, the Compostela Group, the European Association for University Lifelong Learning (EUCEN) and the International Student Exchange Programme (ISEP).

In post-nominals the university's name is abbreviated as Melit; a shortened form of Melita (a Latinised form of the Greek Μελίτη).
GNAS complex locus
GNAS complex locus is a gene locus in humans. Its main product is the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit Gs-α, a key component of G protein-coupled receptor-regulated adenylyl cyclase signal transduction pathways. GNAS stands for Guanine Nucleotide binding protein, Alpha Stimulating activity polypeptide.

Gs alpha subunit
The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα) is a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs that stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. Gsα is a GTPase that functions as a cellular signaling protein. 
Gsα is the founding member of one of the four families of heterotrimeric G proteins, defined by the alpha subunits they contain: the Gαs family, Gαi/Gαo family, Gαq family, and Gα12/Gα13 family. The Gs-family has only two members: the other member is Golf, named for its predominant expression in the olfactory system. In humans, Gsα is encoded by the GNAS complex locus, while Golfα is encoded by the GNAL gene.
Fort Sill
Fort Sill is a major United States Army post north of Lawton, Oklahoma, approximately 85 miles (137 km) southwest of Oklahoma City, established in 1869 during the Indian Wars. It covers almost 94,000 acres (38,000 ha) in southwestern Oklahoma and serves as headquarters of the U.S. Army Fires Center of Excellence. The installation is a Basic Combat Training facility, training over 20,000 personnel annually in field artillery, air defense artillery, and electronic warfare.

Fort Sill has participated in every major U.S. conflict since its founding, evolving from a frontier cavalry outpost to a modern training hub. It houses key units including the United States Army Field Artillery School, 75th Field Artillery Brigade (United States), and the 31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States). The post also supports a United States Marine Corps detachment for joint artillery training.

75th Field Artillery Brigade (United States)
The 75th Field Artillery Brigade (75th FAB) is an artillery brigade in the United States Army. It is currently based in Fort Sill, Oklahoma and supports the III Armored Corps.
The brigade is officially tasked to train and prepares for combat; on orders deploys to any area of operations to plan, synchronize and execute combined, and joint fires and effects. Integrate attached ground and air maneuver forces and on order function as a maneuver headquarters in support of full spectrum operations.
Victoria Derbyshire
Victoria Antoinette Derbyshire (born 2 October 1968) is a British journalist, newsreader and broadcaster. Her eponymous current affairs and debate programme was broadcast on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel from 2015 until March 2020. She has also presented Newsnight and Panorama for the BBC.

Derbyshire was one of eight women to appear in ITV's The Real Full Monty: Ladies Night, an entertainment documentary to raise awareness of breast cancer. She previously presented the morning news, current affairs and interview programme on BBC Radio 5 Live between 10 am and 12 noon each weekday. She left at the same time as fellow 5 Live broadcasters Richard Bacon and Shelagh Fogarty.

Victoria Derbyshire (TV programme)
Victoria Derbyshire is a British weekday current affairs programme, which was simulcast from April 2015 to March 2020 on BBC Two and BBC News Channel, hosted by Victoria Derbyshire. Its remit includes original stories, exclusive interviews and audience debates.

It also acts as a showcase for BBC journalism using reports and interviews by BBC Nations and Regions, BBC World Service, language services and other programmes such as Newsnight, World News Today and Global, plus the BBC Online teams such as BBC Trending and BBC Pop Up. Occasionally the uncut versions of interviews were aired as well, in this case they were taken in place of HARDtalk and aired by BBC World News as well.
Bezgenriet
Bezgenriet (361 m above sea level) is the most southern district of Göppingen in Germany. Schopflenberg, which was created after Second World War by increased influx of refugees and displaced persons, belongs to the Stadtteil Bezgenriet .

Göppingen
Göppingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœpɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Geppenge or Swabian: Gebbenga) is a town in southern Germany, part of the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg. It is the capital of the district Göppingen. Göppingen is home to the toy company Märklin, and it is the birthplace of football player Jürgen Klinsmann. It also hosts the headquarters of TeamViewer AG.
White-crowned shama
The white-crowned shama (Copsychus stricklandii) is a medium sized passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Southeast Asian island of Borneo. The Maratua shama was formerly treated as a subspecies.

Maratua shama
The Maratua shama (Copsychus barbouri) is a medium-sized passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae that is found on the small island of Maratua, east of Borneo in Indonesia. It may now be extinct in the wild. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the white-crowned shama.
Abba Arikha
Rav Abba bar Aybo (Aramaic: רַב אַבָּא בַּר אִיבּוֹ; 175–247 CE), commonly known as Abba Arikha (אַבָּא אריכא) or simply as Rav (רַב), was a Jewish amora of the 3rd century. He was born and lived in Kafri, Asoristan, in the Sasanian Empire.

In Sura, Arikha established the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as a foundational text, led to the compilation of the Talmud. With him began the long period of ascendancy of the prestigious Talmudic academies in Babylonia around the year 220. In the Talmud, he is frequently associated with Samuel of Nehardea, a fellow amora with whom he debated many issues.

Amoraim
Amoraim (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אמוראים [ʔamoraˈʔim], singular Amora אמורא [ʔamoˈra]; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.
Lots of Luv'
Lots of Luv'  is the second album by Dutch girl group Luv', released in May 1979 by Philips Records/Phonogram. It features the hit singles Casanova (a Top 10 song in a large part of Continental Europe) and Eeny Meeny Miny Moe, which maintained Luv's position as the best Dutch export act of 1979. In 2006, this LP was reissued in digitally remastered form by Universal Music Netherlands as part of the Completely in Luv' box set and featured the popular chart topper "Trojan Horse".

Completely in Luv'
Completely in Luv' is a four-CD boxed set of four studio albums, With Luv' (1978), Lots of Luv' (1979), True Luv' (1979) and Forever Yours (1980) recorded by Dutch girl group Luv' during their heyday in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was released in April 2006 by Universal Music. It features Luv's greatest hits scored in a dozen of countries (like "You're the Greatest Lover", "Trojan Horse", "Casanova" and "Ooh, Yes I Do"), album songs, bonus tracks and remixes.

In 1979, Luv' was 'Holland's best export act' and thus received the 'Conamus Export Award'.
Who Killed Amanda Palmer
Who Killed Amanda Palmer is the first solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Amanda Palmer. The album was largely recorded in Nashville, Tennessee, with collaborator Ben Folds and was released on Roadrunner Records (also home to The Dresden Dolls) on 16 September 2008. The name of the album is a reference to the series Twin Peaks, which revolves around events surrounding the death of Laura Palmer.

The Dresden Dolls
The Dresden Dolls is an American musical duo from Boston, Massachusetts. Formed in 2000, the group consists of Amanda Palmer (lead vocals and piano; additional: keyboards, harmonica, ukulele) and Brian Viglione (drums and backing vocals; additional: guitar, bass guitar). The two describe their style as "Brechtian punk cabaret", a phrase invented by Palmer because she was "terrified" that the press would invent a name that "would involve the word gothic". The Dresden Dolls aesthetic exemplifies dark cabaret.
Empididae
Empididae is a family of flies with over 3,000 described species occurring worldwide in all the biogeographic realms but the majority are found in the Holarctic. They are mainly predatory flies like most of their relatives in the Empidoidea, and exhibit a wide range of forms but are generally small to medium-sized, non-metallic and rather bristly.

Common names for members of this family are dagger flies (referring to the sharp piercing mouthparts of some species) and balloon flies. The term "dance flies" is sometimes used for this family too, but the dance flies proper, formerly included herein, are now considered a separate family Hybotidae.

Dolichopodidae
Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species.  Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species, the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators.
Albuquerque Bernalillo County Library
The Albuquerque Bernalillo County Library is the public library system serving greater Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States. It includes seventeen branch libraries as well as the downtown Main Library.

Old Main Library (Albuquerque, New Mexico)
The Old Main Library is a historic building in the Huning Highlands neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico, originally built in 1925 as the main facility of the Albuquerque Public Library. Since the opening of the current Main Library in 1975, it has served as the library system's Special Collections branch, housing historical and genealogical research materials. Designed by Arthur Rossiter with interior decorations by Gustave Baumann, the building is a notable example of Pueblo Revival architecture. It was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1975 and is also an Albuquerque Historic Landmark. It was individually listed on the National Register in 2024.
John Velis
John Christopher Velis is an American state legislator and Democratic member of the Massachusetts Senate since 2020. He previously represented the 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district, which includes his hometown of Westfield, and currently represents the Hampden and Hampshire district after the 2020 census. Prior his election to the state senate, Velis was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2014 to 2020.

Westfield, Massachusetts
Westfield is a city in Hampden County, in the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts, United States. Westfield was first settled by Europeans in 1660. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 40,834 at the 2020 census.
Hi-Five (film)
Hi-Five (Korean: 하이파이브) is a 2025 South Korean fantasy action comedy film written and directed by Kang Hyeong-cheol. It stars Lee Jae-in, Ahn Jae-hong, Ra Mi-ran, Kim Hee-won, Yoo Ah-in, Oh Jung-se, and Park Jin-young. The film was released theatrically on May 30, 2025.

Jinyoung (entertainer, born 1994)
Park Jin-young (Korean: 박진영; born September 22, 1994), known mononymously as Jinyoung, and formerly as Jr. and Junior, is a South Korean singer, actor, and songwriter. He is a member of the South Korean boy band Got7 and boy band duo JJ Project. As an actor, he has appeared in the films Christmas Carol (2022), and Hi-Five (2025), as well as the television series The Devil Judge (2021), Yumi's Cells (2021–2022), The Witch (2025), and Our Unwritten Seoul (2025).
M11 motorway
The M11 is a 55-mile-long (89 km) motorway that runs north from the North Circular Road (A406) at South Woodford to the A14 at Girton, northwest of Cambridge, England. It was originally proposed as a trunk road as early as 1915; various plans were considered throughout the 1960s, with final construction being undertaken between 1975 and 1980. The motorway was opened in stages, with the first stage between junctions 7 and 8 opening in June 1975, and the completed motorway becoming fully operational in February 1980. The motorway provides direct access to Harlow and Cambridge, and since 2002 has greatly improved access to London Stansted Airport.

A14 road (England)
The A14 is a major trunk road in England, running 127 miles (204 km) from the Catthorpe Interchange, a major intersection at the southern end of the M6 and junction 19 of the M1 in Leicestershire, to the port of Felixstowe, Suffolk. The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E24 and E30. It is the busiest shipping lane in East Anglia carrying anything from cars to large amounts of cargo between the UK and Mainland Europe.
Dunedin Blue Jays
The Dunedin Blue Jays are a Minor League Baseball team of the Florida State League and are the Single-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays Major League Baseball club. They are located in Dunedin, Florida, and play their home games at TD Ballpark, which opened in 1990 and seats 8,500 people.

Two teams named the Blue Jays, both affiliates of Toronto, have played in Dunedin: the original incarnation, from 1978 to 1979, and the current team, established in 1987. Since their inception they have won six division championships, in 1999, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2017, and 2022. In 2017 they were named co-champions of the FSL.

TD Ballpark
TD Ballpark, originally Dunedin Stadium at Grant Field, is a baseball stadium located in Dunedin, Florida. The stadium was built in 1990 and holds 8,500 people. It is the spring training home of the Toronto Blue Jays, as well as home field of their Single-A affiliate, the Dunedin Blue Jays of the Florida State League and the Dunedin High School Falcons baseball team.

Built in 1990 on the site of the former Grant Field, the stadium underwent a comprehensive renovation in 2019–2020 at a cost of approximately $102 million. Due to border restrictions during the Covid-19 pandemic, the stadium served as the Toronto Blue Jays' temporary regular-season home venue for the first two months of the 2021 Major League Baseball season. The stadium has also been known as Knology Park (2004–2008) and Florida Auto Exchange Stadium (2010–2017).
Plot of Prats de Molló
The plot of Prats de Molló, better known in Catalan historiography as the events of Prats de Molló, (fets de Prats de Molló) (by the place name in Catalan of the town of French Roussillon Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste), was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic.

Francesc Macià
Francesc Macià i Llussà (Catalan: [fɾənˈsɛzɡ məsiˈa j ʎuˈsa]; 21 September 1859 – 25 December 1933) was a Catalan politician who served as the 122nd president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and formerly an officer in the Spanish Army.

Politically, Macià evolved from an initial regenerationism of Spain to the defense of the Catalan Republic and progressive politics, being appointed as the first president of the restored Generalitat and achieving the first successful establishment of self-government for Catalonia of modern history.
Yara Sallam
Yara Sallam (Arabic: يارا رفعت سلّام; born November 24, 1985) is a prominent Egyptian feminist and human rights advocate. She has worked as a lawyer and researcher for several Egyptian and international human rights organizations, as well as for the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR).

On June 21, 2014, she was arrested along with at least 30 other activists who were marching near Ittihadiya Palace, the Presidential offices in Cairo, in a peaceful demonstration against the Egyptian law that curtails the right to protest. Her trial along with 22 fellow demonstrators, all charged with violating the protest law, has become a symbol of resistance to harsh restrictions on dissent imposed by the government of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.

Amnesty International called the case a "show-trial based on scant and dubious evidence that is intended to be a clear warning to anyone who defies Egypt’s protest law."

Ettehadiya case
The Ettehadiya case is a controversial legal case in Egypt where thousands of protesters went down to the Ittihadiya Palace, the Presidential offices in Cairo, asking for the repeal of the newly issued protest law as part of the international day for the solidarity with the Egyptian detainees on 21 June 2014. The march headed for the Heliopolis presidential Palace was demanding the repeal of the protest law and the release of prisoners of conscience - including prominent human rights activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah - was attacked by security forces using teargas and at least 30 activists were arrested among them award winning human rights defender Yara Sallam, young activist and filmmaker Sanaa Seif, and contemporary art dancer Mohamed Anwar Masoud Moftah (known as Anno).
Local Government Act of Bhutan 2009
The Local Government Act of Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་གི་ས་གནས་གཞུངས་སྤྱི་མོ་ཅན་མ་; Wylie: 'brug-gi sa-gans-gzhungs can-ma) was enacted on September 11, 2009, by parliament of Bhutan in order to further implement its program of decentralization and devolution of power and authority. It is the most recent reform of the law on Bhutan's administrative divisions: Dzongkhags, Dungkhags, Gewogs, Chiwogs, and Thromdes (municipalities). The Local Government Act of Bhutan has been slightly amended in 2014.

Dungkhag
A dungkhag (Dzongkha: དྲུང་ཁག་ drungkhak) is a sub-district of a dzongkhag (district) of Bhutan. The head of a dungkhag is a Dungpa. As of 2007, nine of the twenty dzongkhags had from one to three dungkhags, with sixteen dungkhags in total.
Irish language in Northern Ireland
The Irish language (Irish: Gaeilge) is, since 2022, an official language in Northern Ireland. The main dialect spoken there is Ulster Irish (Gaeilge or Gaeilg Uladh). Protection for the Irish language in Northern Ireland stems largely from the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

In the 2021 census, Irish was the main language of 0.3% of the population aged 3 and up, an increase from 0.2% in the previous survey,
while 12.4% of that population had some ability in Irish, also an increase from previous census results. As well, for the first time, the census asked the frequency of speaking Irish. 43,557 said they spoke Irish on a daily basis, which accounts for 2.43% of Northern Ireland's population.

Ulster Irish
Ulster Irish (endonym: Gaeilg Uladh or Irish: Gaeilic Uladh, Standard Irish: Gaeilge Uladh) is the variety of Irish spoken in the province of Ulster. It has much in common with Scottish Gaelic and Manx. Within Ulster there have historically been two main sub-dialects: West Ulster and East Ulster. The Western dialect is spoken in parts of County Donegal and was once spoken in parts of neighbouring counties, hence the name 'Donegal Irish'. The Eastern dialect was spoken in most of the rest of Ulster and northern parts of counties Louth and Meath.