hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defensible space theory
The defensible space theory of architect and city planner Oscar Newman encompasses ideas about crime prevention and neighborhood safety. Newman argues that architectural and environmental design plays a crucial part in increasing or reducing criminality. The theory was developed in the early 1970s, and he wrote his first book on the topic, Defensible Space, in 1972.  The book contains a study from New York that pointed out that higher crime rate existed in high-rise housing projects than in low-rise complexes. This, he concluded, was because residents felt no control or personal responsibility for an area occupied by so many people.  Throughout his study, Newman focused on explaining his ideas on social control, crime prevention, and public health in relation to community design.

Oscar Newman (architect)
Oscar Newman (30 September 1935 – 14 April 2004) was a Canadian-born American architect and researcher most known for his defensible space theory, a precursor to crime prevention through environmental design.
Foxlease
Foxlease Park is an outdoor training and activity centre near Lyndhurst, Hampshire, UK. The site is now owned by Foxie's Future CIO, a charity set up to save Foxlease for future generations following Girlguiding's decision to sell it in May 2023.  On 19 November 2024, Foxie's Future completed their purchase and is currently[when?] in the process of improvements at the site with a view to reopening it in 2025.  The Foxlease estate was owned and managed by the Guides since 1922. The estate is 65 acres (260,000 m2) and the main house is known as The Princess Mary House, in honour of her marriage. Foxlease hosted the Guides' Third International Conference, the Sixth World Conference and also the first World Camp.

The Marys of the Empire
Following the announcement of the coronation of Queen-Empress Mary and King-Emperor George V in 1911 "all the Marys in the Empire" donated money towards a gift for the new Queen. 11 years later, to mark the engagement of their daughter Princess Mary to Viscount Lascelles, the Marys of the Empire clubbed together again.
Robert Barton (RAF officer)
Robert Alexander Barton, OBE, DFC & Bar (7 June 1916 – 2 September 2010) was a Canadian-born officer who served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. He was credited with at least 12 aerial victories.

Born in Kamloops in British Columbia, Barton joined the RAF in early 1936. After his training was completed, he was posted to No. 41 Squadron but following the outbreak of the Second World War was transferred to No. 249 Squadron. Flying the Hawker Hurricane fighter, he flew extensively during the Battle of Britain, claiming several aerial victories. Near the end of the battle, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. He later flew Hurricanes during the Siege of Malta, achieving more aerial victories. He served in a series of staff and command posts for the remainder of the war. He remained in the RAF in the postwar period, and played a role in the establishment of the Pakistani Air Force. He ended his military career in 1959 and died in September 2010, aged 94.

No. 249 Squadron RAF
No. 249 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force squadron, active in the sea-patrol, fighter and bomber roles during its existence. It was one of the top scoring fighter squadrons of the RAF in World War II.
Mel Gray (return specialist)
Melvin Junius Gray (born March 16, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a kick returner in the National Football League (NFL). He played with the New Orleans Saints, Detroit Lions, Houston/Tennessee Oilers and Philadelphia Eagles. He began his professional career for the Los Angeles Express of the United States Football League (USFL), following his college football career as a running back at Purdue. Gray attended Lafayette High School in Williamsburg, Virginia, where he was teammates with future NFL players Lawrence Taylor and Ron Springs.

Gray is widely considered to be one of the greatest return specialists of all time in the NFL. He holds the record for being the first, second, and third-oldest player to return a kickoff for a touchdown (33 years, 276 days; 33 years, 235 days; and 33 years, 221 days).

Lafayette High School (Virginia)
Lafayette High School is a public secondary school in James City County, Virginia, just outside the city limits of Williamsburg, Virginia.  It is part of Williamsburg-James City County Public Schools and is located at 4460 Longhill Road.

Most of the Williamsburg city limits is in the Lafayette High attendance zone.
Rahul Bhat
Rahul Bhat is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. He began his career as a fashion model and participated in the Graviera Mr. India contest in 1998, and subsequently worked in several advertisements and music videos. He gained fame for his leading role in the television serial Heena from 1998 to 2003. After starring in the films Yeh Mohabbat Hai (2002) and Nayee Padosan (2003), he took a sabbatical from acting and began producing television serials, including Meri Doli Tere Angana (2007–2008) and Tum Dena Saath Mera (2009).

Bhat made his acting comeback with a leading role in Anurag Kashyap's thriller film Ugly (2013), for which he received critical acclaim. He has since appeared in Fitoor (2016), Daas Dev (2018), Section 375 (2019), and Kashyap’s Dobaaraa (2022), and Kennedy (2023). In 2025, he starred in the Netflix thriller series Black Warrant.

Nayee Padosan
Nayee Padosan (transl. New Neighbour) is a 2003 Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by B. H. Tharun Kumar and produced by Nitin Manmohan, starring Mahek Chahal, Vikas Kalantri, Anuj Sawhney and Aslam Khan in the lead roles. The film is partially inspired by the Tamil films Indru Poi Naalai Vaa and Chashme Buddoor, and was a moderate success at the box office. The film was also the Bollywood debut of Mahek Chahal.
Underwater (film)
Underwater is a 2020 American science fiction action horror film directed by William Eubank. The film stars Kristen Stewart, Vincent Cassel, Jessica Henwick, John Gallagher Jr., Mamoudou Athie, and T.J. Miller.

Underwater follows a group of workers at a drilling facility at the bottom of the ocean who encounter hostile creatures after an earthquake destroys the facility. The film was released in the United States on January 10, 2020, by 20th Century Fox; it was the last film under the Fox name before the studio's rebranding as 20th Century Studios on January 17. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $40 million worldwide against a production budget of $50–65 million.

Jessica Henwick
Jessica Henwick (/ˈhɛnɪk/ HEN-ik) (born 30 August 1992) is an English actress, writer and director. She began her career in 2010 and may be best known for her role as Nymeria Sand in Game of Thrones (2015–17), main role as Colleen Wing in Iron Fist (2017–18) and its associated series, Love and Monsters (2020), and The Royal Hotel (2023). Her directorial debut, the short film Bus Girl (2022), was nominated for a BAFTA.
Scorchers (women's cricket)
Scorchers are an Irish women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Super Series. The team has no geographical base, instead being made up of some of the best players from across Ireland. They are captained by Gaby Lewis and coached by Claire Terblanche. They have won seven Super Series tournaments.

2021 Super 50 Cup
The 2021 Arachas Super 50 Cup was the 50 over section of the seventh Women's Super Series competition, taking place in Ireland. The tournament ran from April to June, alongside the Twenty20 Arachas Super 20 Trophy. Due to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, only two teams competed in the tournament, compared to three in seasons before the pandemic. Scorchers won the tournament, winning four of the seven matches.
Ouche
The Ouche (French pronunciation: [uʃ]) is a river in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It is a right tributary of the Saône, which it joins in Échenon. It is 95.4 km (59.3 mi) long. Its source is in Lusigny-sur-Ouche. The Ouche flows through the towns of Bligny-sur-Ouche, La Bussière-sur-Ouche, Fleurey-sur-Ouche, Velars-sur-Ouche, Dijon, Longvic and Varanges. Part of the Canal de Bourgogne runs through the Ouche valley.

Saône
The Saône (/soʊn/ SOHN, French: [son]; Arpitan: Sona; Latin: Arar) is a river in eastern France (modern region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté). It is a right tributary of the Rhône, rising at Vioménil in the Vosges department and joining the Rhône in Lyon, at the southern end of the Presqu'île.
Jonáš Kašpar
Jonáš Kašpar (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjonaːʃ ˈkaʃpar]; born 8 October 1991 in Krnov) is a Czech slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2007.

He won two medals in the C2 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold in 2013 and a bronze in 2014. He also won one gold, three silvers and three bronzes at the European Championships. He finished 8th in the C2 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

His partner in the C2 boat is Marek Šindler.

Marek Šindler
Marek Šindler (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarɛk ˈʃɪndlɛr]; born 21 July 1992 in Opava) is a Czech slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2007.

He won two medals in the C2 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold in 2013 and a bronze in 2014. He also won one gold, three silvers and three bronzes at the European Championships. He finished 8th in the C2 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

His partner in the C2 boat is Jonáš Kašpar.
Choose Life, Uvacharta Bachayim (album)
Choose Life, Uvacharta Bachayim is a studio album of the Choose Life, Uvacharta Bachayim dramatic oratorio by composer Mona Lyn Reese and librettist Delores Dufner OSB, originally released by the San José Chamber Orchestra and Chorus in 2011.

The album was re-released by Navona Records on April 4, 2025, as release NV6696.

Choose Life, Uvacharta Bachayim
Choose Life, Uvacharta Bachayim, is a dramatic oratorio by composer Mona Lyn Reese and librettist Delores Dufner OSB, that draws on Jewish and Christian music and scripture, as well as the writings of Holocaust survivors, to create an interfaith commemoration of the Holocaust. It was composed during Reese's 1993-94 Faith Partners Residency sponsored by the American Composers' Forum and the Otto Bremer Foundation. Choose Life, Uvacharta Bachayim, has received national acclaim.
American Enterprise Institute
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, known simply as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a center-right think tank based in Washington, D.C., that researches government, politics, economics, and social welfare. AEI is an independent nonprofit organization supported primarily by contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals.

Founded in 1938, the organization is aligned with conservatism. AEI advocates in favor of private enterprise, limited government, and democratic capitalism. It is governed by a 29-member Board of Trustees. Approximately 185 authors are associated with AEI. Arthur C. Brooks served as president of AEI from January 2009 through July 1, 2019. He was succeeded by Robert Doar.

DonorsTrust
DonorsTrust is an American nonprofit donor-advised fund that was founded in 1999 with the goal of "safeguarding the intent of libertarian and conservative donors". As a donor-advised fund, DonorsTrust is not legally required to disclose the identity of its donors, and most of its donors remain anonymous. It distributes funds to various conservative and libertarian 501(c)(3) organizations.

It is affiliated with Donors Capital Fund, another donor-advised fund. In September 2015, Lawson Bader was announced as the new president of both DonorsTrust and Donors Capital Fund. Bader was formerly president of the Competitive Enterprise Institute and vice president at the Mercatus Center.
Dan Reynolds
Daniel Coulter Reynolds (born July 14, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. He is the lead vocalist and a founding member of the pop rock band Imagine Dragons, which he formed in 2008. Born and raised in Las Vegas, Reynolds is a recipient of the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award.

K.Flay
Kristine Meredith Flaherty (born June 30, 1985), better known as K.Flay, is an American singer, musician, songwriter, and rapper. She has released five studio albums: Life as a Dog (2014), Every Where Is Some Where (2017), Solutions (2019), Inside Voices / Outside Voices (2022), and Mono (2023).

Life as a Dog peaked at No. 2 on Billboard's Heatseekers Albums chart and No. 14 on Billboard's Rap Albums chart. Every Where Is Some Where was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical, while its lead single "Blood in the Cut" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song. K.Flay is also known for collaborating with artists such as Dune Rats, Grandson, Mike Shinoda, Party Favor, Tom Morello, Travis Barker, Vic Fuentes, Pvris and X Ambassadors.
Lena Horne Sings Your Requests
Lena Sings Your Requests is a 1963 studio album by Lena Horne, arranged by Bob Florence and Marty Paich. After a long and successful partnership with RCA Victor, where Horne was signed between 1955 and 1962, Lena Horne signed at the lesser known Charter label releasing only two albums on the label both in 1963. This the first was recorded in Hollywood on January the 15th and 17th 1963 and released in the spring of 1963 on the Charter label. For this album Horne returned to re-record many songs that she had previously recorded in the 1940s and 1950s, several of which she had performed on screen, such as "Honeysuckle Rose" and "Can't Help Lovin' That Man". The album also features the fourth studio recording of the song "Stormy Weather" by Lena Horne. The album was reissued on CD in 2008 by Fresh Sound Records together with the album Lena Like Latin.

Marty Paich
Martin Louis Paich (January 23, 1925 – August 12, 1995) was an American pianist, composer, arranger, record producer, music director, and conductor. As a musician and arranger he worked with jazz musicians Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Kenton, Al Hirt, Art Pepper, Buddy Rich, Ray Brown, Shorty Rogers, Pete Rugolo, Ray Charles and Mel Tormé. His long association with Tormé included one of the singer's earliest albums, Mel Tormé with the Marty Paich Dek-Tette. Over the next three decades he worked with pop singers such as Andy Williams and Jack Jones and for film and television. He is the father of David Paich, a founding member of the rock band Toto.
Nam Na-yeong
Nam Na-yeong (Korean: 남나영; born 1970) is a South Korean film editor and negative cutter. She has edited films with directors Ryoo Seung-wan (Arahan, The City of Violence, and  Crying Fist), Kim Jee-woon (The Good, the Bad, the Weird and I Saw the Devil), and Kang Hyeong-cheol (Scandal Makers, Sunny, and Tazza: The Hidden Card). As of 2020, Nam has edited more than 60 films.

Ryoo Seung-wan
Ryoo Seung-wan (Korean: 류승완; born December 15, 1973) is a South Korean filmmaker. He made his debut in 1996 with the short film Dangerous Head, then worked as a director under director Park Chan-wook, took film lessons, and made his feature film debut with Die Bad (2000). He received the Blue Dragon Film Awards for Best New Director, drawing attention from the film industry. Ryoo Seung-wan is called Korea's "action kid" for his unique action and rough life style.

He has directed films such as Crying Fist (2005), The Unjust (2010), The Berlin File (2013), Veteran (2015), Escape from Mogadishu (2021), and Smugglers (2023).
Varusham 16
Varusham 16 (read as "Varusham Padhinaaru"; transl. Year 16) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by Fazil. The film stars Karthik and Khushbu in the lead roles, with Sukumari, V. K. Ramasamy, Janagaraj, Charle  and Vadivukkarasi in supporting roles. It is a remake of Fazil's own Malayalam film Ennennum Kannettante. The film was released on 18 February 1989, and Karthik won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil.The film was major commercial success and ran over 200 days in Chennai and Madurai and 100 days at 15 centres.

Khushbu Sundar
Khushbu Sundar (born Nakhat Khan;  29 September 1970) is an Indian politician, actress, film producer and television personality. She is known for her work predominantly in Tamil and Telugu language films in addition to Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films.

She has appeared in over 200 films, with over 100 directly credited to Tamil cinema alone.

She has won three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, two Cinema Express Awards, a Kalaimamani Award and a Kerala State Film Award.
Samal Yeslyamova
Samal Ilyaskyzy Yeslyamova (Kazakh: Самал Ілиясқызы Есләмова, Samal Iliiasqyzy Eslämova; born 1 September 1984) is a Kazakh film actress. She is recognized internationally for starring in the film Ayka directed by Sergey Dvortsevoy, which won her the award for Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival in 2018.

Ayka
Ayka (Russian: Айка) is a 2018 drama film directed by Sergey Dvortsevoy. It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival. At Cannes, Samal Yeslyamova won the award for Best Actress. It was selected as the Kazakhstani entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, making the December shortlist. The film was produced under the working title My Little One.
Sigrid Thornton
Sigrid Madeline Thornton AO (born 12 February 1959) is an Australian film and television actress. Her television work includes Prisoner (1979–80), All the Rivers Run (1983), SeaChange (1998–2019) and Wentworth (2016–18). She also starred in the American Western series Paradise (1988–91). Her film appearances include Snapshot (1979), The Man from Snowy River (1982), Street Hero (1984) and Face to Face (2011). She won the AACTA Award for Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Drama for the 2015 miniseries Peter Allen: Not the Boy Next Door.

SeaChange
SeaChange is an Australian television program that ran from 1998 to 2000 on the ABC and in 2019 on the Nine Network. It was created by Andrew Knight and Deborah Cox and starred Sigrid Thornton, David Wenham, William McInnes, John Howard, Tom Long, Kevin Harrington, and Kerry Armstrong. The director was Michael Carson.
Robert Richardson Sears
Robert Richardson Sears (/sɪərz/; August 31, 1908 – May 22, 1989) was an American psychologist who specialized in child psychology and the psychology of personality.  He was the head of the psychology department at Stanford and later dean of the School of Humanities and Sciences there, continued the long-term I.Q. studies of Lewis Madison Terman at Stanford, and authored many pivotal papers and books on various aspects of psychology.

Lewis Terman
Lewis Madison Terman (January 15, 1877 – December 21, 1956) was an American psychologist, academic, and proponent of eugenics. He was noted as a pioneer in educational psychology in the early 20th century at the Stanford School of Education. Terman is best known for his revision of the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales and for initiating the longitudinal study of children with high IQs called the Genetic Studies of Genius. As a prominent eugenicist, he was a member of the Human Betterment Foundation, the American Eugenics Society, and the Eugenics Research Association, believing in genetic racial associations with intelligence. He also served as president of the American Psychological Association. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Terman as the 72nd most cited psychologist of the 20th century, in a tie with G. Stanley Hall.
Mabel Dymond Peel
Mabel Dymond Peel (1879 – 1938) was an English codebreaker who served with the Hush WAACs during World War I. She is better-known than her colleagues in this secretive group because of her memoir, The Story of the Hush-WAACs, published in 1921. Outside of wartime she worked as a languages teacher and established the Rouen branch of the Royal British Legion.

Hush WAACs
The Hush WAACs were a group of seventeen British women who worked on the front line as codebreakers in France during World War One. After the war, two would go on to work on diplomatic codebreaking for MI1b. Although women were already working as codebreakers in Room 40 and MI1b, the Hush WAACs were the only women to serve as codebreakers at the front line during WW1.
Neral Junction railway station
Neral Junction is a railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network located in the town of Neral. It is a junction on the Kalyan - Karjat section of Central railway connecting Mumbai and Pune. It is the starting point of the narrow gauge Matheran Hill Railway connecting to the hill station of Matheran.

Matheran Hill Railway
The Matheran Hill Railway (MHR) is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge heritage railway in Maharashtra, India, which is administered by the Central Railway zone. It covers a distance of 21 km (13 mi), connecting Neral to Matheran in the Western Ghats. The MHR is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Veracruz Sporting Club
Veracruz Sporting Club is a Mexican football club based in the city of Veracruz, that competes in the Liga TDP. The club participated in the amateur era of the Liga Mayor from 1931 to 1933, and also played in the Liga Amateur de Veracruz.

Iberia de Córdoba S.C.
Iberia de Córdoba Sporting Club was a Mexican football club based in Veracruz, that played in the Liga Amateur de Veracruz and also participated in the 1921–22 season of the Liga Mexicana. The club was founded in 1915 and was dissolved in 1943 when the Liga Amateur de Veracruz folded to create the first national and professional league called Liga Mayor.
Chronicle Publishing Company
The Chronicle Publishing Company was a print and broadcast media corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California that was in operation from 1865 until 2000. Owned for the whole of its existence by the de Young family, CPC was most notable for owning the namesake San Francisco Chronicle newspaper and KRON-TV, the longtime National Broadcasting Company (NBC) affiliate in the San Francisco Bay Area (San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose) television media market.

San Francisco Examiner
The San Francisco Examiner is a newspaper distributed in and around San Francisco, California, and has been published since 1863. Once self-dubbed the "Monarch of the Dailies" by then-owner William Randolph Hearst and the flagship of the Hearst chain, the Examiner converted to free distribution early in the 21st century and is owned by Clint Reilly Communications, which bought the newspaper at the end of 2020 along with the SF Weekly.
Budapest Quartet (1886)
The Budapest Quartet was a string quartet established in Budapest in 1886 by Jenő Hubay and David Popper.

Johannes Brahms performed with the quartet and thought it was the best he had heard.

This quartet went under a variety of names. Outside Hungary, it was usually called "Quartet Hubay-Popper". Within Hungary it was called "Hungarian Quartet" or "Budapest Quartet". This was because Hungarians were fiercely patriotic.

They performed for twenty-seven years.

Jenő Hubay
Jenő Hubay de Szalatnya (Hungarian: Szalatnyai Hubay Jenő [ˈhubɒi ˈjɛnøː]; 15 September 1858 – 12 March 1937), also known by his German name Eugen Huber (pronounced [ˈɔʏɡeːn ˈhuːbɐ, ˈɔʏɡn̩ -]), was a Hungarian violinist, composer and music teacher.
Concord, Rusk County, Texas
Concord is an unincorporated community in Rusk County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 23 in 2000. It is located within the Longview, Texas metropolitan area.

Rusk County, Texas
Rusk County is a county located in Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 52,214. Its county seat is Henderson. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson Rusk, a secretary of war of the Republic of Texas.

Rusk County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan area.