hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 Malawian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Malawi on 23 June 2020, having originally been scheduled for 19 May and later 2 July. They followed the annulment of the results of the 2019 presidential elections, in which Peter Mutharika of the Democratic Progressive Party had received the most votes.

The result of the re-run elections was a victory for Lazarus Chakwera of the Malawi Congress Party, who defeated Mutharika by  margin of 59% to 40%.

The elections were hailed by observers as being both free and fair.

2019 Malawian general election
General elections were held in Malawi on 21 May 2019 to elect the President, National Assembly and local government councillors. Incumbent President Peter Mutharika of the Democratic Progressive Party was re-elected, with his party remaining the largest in the National Assembly.

On 3 February 2020, the Constitutional Court annulled the presidential election results due to evidence of irregularities, and ordered fresh elections be held. They were widely dubbed the "Tipp-Ex elections" after a brand of correction fluid which opponents claimed had been used to tamper with votes. According to a 2025 study, the irregularities appear consistent with human error, as opposed to intentional fraud.
Katarina Sunesdotter
Katarina Sunesdotter (c. 1215 – 1252), also known as Karin, was Queen of Sweden from 1244 to 1250 as the wife of King Erik Eriksson. In her later years she served as abbess of Gudhem Abbey in Falbygden.

Erik Eriksson
Erik Eriksson (Old Norse: Eiríkr Eiríksson; 1216 – 2 February 1250), sometimes known as Erik XI or with the epithet the Lisp and Lame (läspe och halte), was King of Sweden from 1222 to 1229 and again from 1234 to 1250. Being the last ruler of the House of Erik, he stood in the shadow of a succession of powerful jarls, especially his brother-in-law Birger Jarl, whose descendants ruled as kings after his death.
GoGo Sentai Boukenger
GoGo Sentai Boukenger (轟轟戦隊ボウケンジャー, Gōgō Sentai Bōkenjā; Rumbling Squadron Boukenger) is the 30th series in Toei's Super Sentai series, a metaseries of Japanese tokusatsu programming and celebrated the franchise's 30th anniversary. It was the first installment to be produced and broadcast in the 16:9 aspect ratio. It aired from February 19, 2006, to February 11, 2007, and was replaced by Juken Sentai Gekiranger. Its footage was used in the American series, Power Rangers Operation Overdrive and was dubbed into Korean for the South Korean market, airing there as Power Rangers Treasure Force.

Juken Sentai Gekiranger
Juken Sentai Gekiranger (獣拳戦隊ゲキレンジャー, Jūken Sentai Gekirenjā; Beast Fist Squadron Gekiranger) is Toei Company's thirty-first entry in the Super Sentai metaseries. Production began on September 29, 2006, with principal photography beginning on October 6, 2006. It aired on TV Asahi's 2007 Super Hero Time programming block with Kamen Rider Den-O from February 18, 2007, to February 10, 2008, replacing GoGo Sentai Boukenger and was replaced by Engine Sentai Go-onger.

Its footage was used for the American television series, Power Rangers Jungle Fury. Gekiranger was subtitled into Korean as Power Rangers Wild Spirit for South Korean television.
Roscoe Mitchell
Roscoe Mitchell (born August 3, 1940) is an American composer, jazz instrumentalist, and educator, known for being "a technically superb – if idiosyncratic – saxophonist". The Penguin Guide to Jazz described him as "one of the key figures" in avant-garde jazz; All About Jazz stated in 2004 that he had been "at the forefront of modern music" for more than 35 years. Critic Jon Pareles in The New York Times has mentioned that Mitchell "qualifies as an iconoclast". In addition to his own work as a bandleader, Mitchell is known for cofounding the Art Ensemble of Chicago and the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM).

Art Ensemble of Chicago
The Art Ensemble of Chicago is an avant-garde jazz group that grew out of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) in the late 1960s. The ensemble integrates many jazz styles and plays many instruments, including "little instruments": bells, bicycle horns, birthday party noisemakers, wind chimes, and various forms of percussion. The musicians would wear costumes and face paint while performing. These characteristics combined to make the ensemble's performances both aural and visual. While playing in Europe in 1969, five hundred instruments were used.
Saif al-Sham Brigade
Saif al-Sham Brigade (In Arabic: لواء سيف الشام, meaning "Sword of the Levant Brigade") is a Syrian rebel faction that operated primarily in southern Syria during the Syrian civil war. It was affiliated with the Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and was active mainly in the western parts of Daraa Governorate and Quneitra Governorate. The brigade was known for its relative discipline and avoidance of extremist ideology. This group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Jaysh al-Ababil, Jaydour Horan Brigade, Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Ahrar Gathering and others.

Jaydour Horan Brigade
Jaydour Horan Brigade (Arabic: لواء جيدور حوران; Liwa Jaydour) is a Syrian rebel group that operated in the village of Al-Jidur and its surroundings in the Daraa Governorate during the Syrian Civil War. This group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Saif al-Sham Brigade, Jaysh al-Ababil , Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Ahrar Gathering and others.
Albin Kurti
Albin Kurti (Albanian: ['albin 'kuɾti]; born 24 March 1975) is a Kosovo Albanian politician who has been serving as Prime Minister of Kosovo since 2021, having previously held the office from February to June 2020. He came to prominence in 1997 as the vice-president of the University of Pristina student union, and a main organizer of non-violent student demonstrations of 1997 and 1998. Kurti then worked in Adem Demaçi's office when the latter became the political representative of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). Kurti has been a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo since 2010 in three consecutive legislatures.

Adem Demaçi
Adem Demaçi (pronounced [dɛmatʃi] ⓘ; 26 February 1936 – 26 July 2018) was a Kosovo Albanian author, politician, and human rights defender. He became notable during the breakup of Yugoslavia for suggesting the creation of Balkania in 1996, a hypothetical confederacy proposed as an independent successor state to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the Balkans.
Bell Field Mound Site
Bell Field Mound Site (9MU101) is an archaeological site located on the western bank of the Coosawattee River below the Coosawatee’s junction with Talking Rock Creek. The site itself was destroyed by the construction of Carters Dam in the 1970s. With respect to the dam itself, Bell Field was located in front of the high dam along with the Sixtoe Mound and Little Egypt sites.

Sixtoe Mound
The Sixtoe Mound site (9MU100) is an archaeological site in Murray County, Georgia excavated by Arthur Randolph Kelly from 1962-1965 as a part of the Carters Dam project conducted for the National Park Service by the University of Georgia. The site consisted of a low platform mound and an associated village. The majority of the mound was excavated, while the village received little excavation.
Alice Holland, Countess of Kent
Lady Alice Holland, Countess of Kent (c. 1350 – 17 March 1416), LG, formerly Alice FitzAlan, was an English noblewoman, a daughter of the 3rd Earl of Arundel, and the wife of the 2nd Earl of Kent, the half-brother of King Richard II. As the maternal grandmother of Anne de Mortimer, she was an ancestor of kings Edward IV and Richard III, as well as King Henry VII and the Tudor dynasty through her daughter Margaret Holland. She was also the maternal grandmother of Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots.

She was appointed a Lady of the Garter in 1388.

Margaret Holland, Duchess of Clarence
Margaret Holland (1385 – 30 December 1439) was a medieval English noblewoman and a member of the powerful Holland family. Through her marriages she became Countess of Somerset and Duchess of Clarence. She was "at the very centre of royal power and prestige" throughout her lifetime.
Nuits de Fourvière
45°45′33.79″N 4°49′12.6″E﻿ / ﻿45.7593861°N 4.820167°E﻿ / 45.7593861; 4.820167

The Nuits de Fourvière (Nights of Fourvière) is a festival with theater, circus, music, dance, and film presentations. The festival has taken place every summer since 1946 in the Théâtre antique de Fourvière, and in the Odéon de Lyon (since 1952) in the 5th arrondissement near the Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourvière.

The festival was first managed by the Charbonnières-les-Bains casino, then by the Rhône department starting in the early 1990s. Since 1 January 2005 it has been managed by Grand Lyon.

It is tradition for spectators to throw their seat cushions toward the stage at the end of the performance to show their appreciation.

Ancient Theatre of Fourvière
The Ancient Theatre of Fourvière (French: Théâtre antique de Lyon) is a Roman theatre in Lyon, France. It was built on the hill of Fourvière, which is situated in the center of the Roman city. The theatre is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site that protects the historic center of Lyon.
Leytonstone F.C.
Leytonstone F.C. was an English football club based in Leytonstone, Greater London. Founded in 1886, the club ceased to exist in 1979 when it merged with Ilford to form Leytonstone-Ilford, which later became Redbridge Forest after also absorbing Walthamstow Avenue. Redbridge Forest in turn merged with Dagenham to form the modern Dagenham & Redbridge.

Walthamstow Avenue F.C.
Walthamstow Avenue Football Club was an English football club based in Walthamstow in London. Based at Green Pond Road, they played in dark and light blue hooped shirts, and light blue shorts. The club was established in 1900, and was one of the most successful amateur clubs in the country during the 1950s. The club ceased to exist in 1988 when it merged with Leytonstone/Ilford, who later became Redbridge Forest and merged with Dagenham to form Dagenham and Redbridge. They have since been revived as an amateur football club, currently playing in the Sunday Essex Corinthian League.
Garden sunbird
The garden sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis), previously known as the olive-backed sunbird, is a species of passerine bird in the family Nectariniidae that is found in the Philippines except on the Palawan island group. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with seven other species: the ornate sunbird, Palawan sunbird, Sahul sunbird, Tukangbesi sunbird, Flores Sea sunbird, South Moluccan sunbird and the Mamberamo sunbird. 
It is a small, brightly coloured bird with olive-green plumage on the wings and back with a bright yellow chest. It has a long downward-curved bill it uses for taking nectar and capturing insects. It is primarily nectarivorous, but will take insects and spiders, particularly when feeding chicks.

Palawan sunbird
The Palawan sunbird (Cinnyris aurora) is a species of bird in the sunbird family Nectariniidae that is found on the islands of the Palawan group in the Philippines. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the olive-backed sunbird, now renamed the garden sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis).
Compound of five tetrahedra
The compound of five tetrahedra, also known as the chiricosahedron, is one of the five regular polyhedral compounds. This compound polyhedron is also a stellation of the regular icosahedron. It was first described by Edmund Hess in 1876.

It can be seen as a faceting of a regular dodecahedron.

Polytope compound
In geometry, a polyhedral compound is a figure that is composed of several polyhedra sharing a common centre.  They are the three-dimensional analogs of polygonal compounds such as the hexagram.

The outer vertices of a compound can be connected to form a convex polyhedron called its convex hull. A compound is a faceting of its convex hull.

Another convex polyhedron is formed by the small central space common to all members of the compound. This polyhedron can be used as the core for a set of stellations.
Iga, Mie (town)
Iga (伊賀町, Iga-chō) was a town located in Ayama District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

On November 1, 2004, Iga absorbed the city of Ueno, the town of Ayama, the villages of Ōyamada and Shimagahara (all from Ayama District), and the town of Aoyama (from Naga District) to create the city of Iga.

Ayama, Mie
Ayama (阿山町, Ayama-chō) was a town located in Ayama District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,242 and a density of 112.95 persons per km2. The total area was 72.97 km2.

On November 1, 2004, Ayama, along with the city of Ueno, the town of Iga (former), the villages of Ōyamada and Shimagahara (all from Ayama District), and the town of Aoyama (from Naga District), was merged to create the city of Iga.
Type 93 air-to-ship missile
The Type 93 air-to-ship missile (93式空対艦誘導弾, ASM-2) is an air-to-ship missile developed in Japan. It was developed by using technology from the Type 88 surface-to-ship missile

This missile is used by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.

The ASM-2 will be replaced by the ASM-3.

Type 88 surface-to-ship missile
The Type 88 surface-to-ship missile (88式地対艦誘導弾, SSM-1) is a truck-mounted anti-ship missile developed by Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in the late 1980s. It is a land-based version of the air-launched Type 80 (ASM-1) missile; in turn it was developed into the ship-launched Type 90 (SSM-1B) missile.
Orlov (diamond)
The Orlov (sometimes spelled Orloff), also often considered to be the same diamond known as The Great Mughal Diamond, is a large diamond of Indian origin, currently displayed as a part of the Diamond Fund collection of Moscow's Kremlin Armoury. It is described as having the shape and proportions of half a chicken's egg. In 1774, it was encrusted into the Imperial Sceptre of Russian Empress Catherine the Great.

Great Mogul Diamond
The Great Mogul was a large diamond that is believed to have been discovered around 1650, most probably around the Kollur Mine in the Golconda region of southern India. Tavernier described the diamond thus: "The stone is of the same form as if one cut an egg through the middle".
INS Vishal
INS Vishal, known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 3 (IAC-III) until 2022, is a planned aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy. It is intended to be the second aircraft carrier to be built in India after INS Vikrant (IAC-1) and another Vikrant-class aircraft carrier, provisionally called IAC-II.

Vikrant-class aircraft carrier
The Vikrant class (lit. 'Courageous') (formerly Project 71 Air Defence Ship (ADS) or Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC)) is a class of aircraft carrier being built for the Indian Navy. The class represents the largest warships and the first aircraft carriers to be designed and built in India.

Preparations for building the lead vessel of the class, INS Vikrant, started in 2008, and the keel was laid in February 2009. The carrier was floated out of its dry dock on 29 December 2011, launched on 12 August 2013 and commissioned on 2 September 2022. The scale and complexity of the project caused problems which delayed the construction for the carrier. Technical difficulties, the cost of refitting the Soviet-built carrier INS Vikramaditya, and billions in cost overruns delayed plans for the first of the vessels to enter service.
Pennsylvania Route 351
Pennsylvania Route 351 (PA 351) is a 17.2-mile-long (27.7 km) state highway located in Lawrence and Beaver counties in Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at the Ohio border in Little Beaver Township (just south of S.N.P.J).  The eastern terminus is at PA 65/PA 288 in Ellwood City. It is famous for its spotting of Raymond Robinson who would go on nighttime walks on the route making him an urban legend.

Pennsylvania Route 288
Pennsylvania Route 288 (PA 288) or State Route 288 is an east–west route in western Pennsylvania, United States. The highway is 15.4 miles (24 km) long and runs from PA 18 in Wampum east to the US 19/PA 68 concurrency in Zelienople.
Heat equation
In mathematics and physics (more specifically thermodynamics), the heat equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. The theory of the heat equation was first developed by Joseph Fourier in 1822 for the purpose of modeling how a quantity such as heat diffuses through a given region. Since then, the heat equation and its variants have been found to be fundamental in many parts of both pure and applied mathematics.

Parabolic partial differential equation
A parabolic partial differential equation is a type of partial differential equation (PDE). Parabolic PDEs are used to describe a wide variety of time-dependent phenomena in, for example, engineering science, quantum mechanics and financial mathematics. Examples include the heat equation, time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Black–Scholes equation.
Bob Stagner
Bob Stagner (born July 13, 1957) is an American drummer and percussionist who has worked with a wide range of artists in every discipline, from Blueground Undergrass to Derek Bailey and Howard Finster.

Stagner was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Stagner and Dennis Palmer co-founded the free improvisation duo the Shaking Ray Levis and the Shaking Ray Levi Society, an arts education organization that supports emerging artists in performance, art and film. Stagner also works with The Rhythmic Arts Project, founded by drummer Eddie Tuduri.

Shaking Ray Levis
The Shaking Ray Levis is an ongoing collaboration of musicians with a common interest in free improvisation. The project was conceived and led by the Chattanooga, Tennessee-based team of Dennis Palmer and Bob Stagner. They use storytelling, synthesizers, samplers and percussion to achieve their distinctive sound. They are the first American group to have recorded for Incus Records, the record label of British free improvisational guitarist Derek Bailey. Additionally, they have performed and recorded with Borbetomagus, John Zorn, David Greenberger, Killick Erik Hinds, Fred Frith, Min Tanaka, Amy Denio, and Derek Bailey, as well as with many other critically acclaimed artists.

Dennis Palmer died in Chattanooga on February 15, 2013.
HMAS Penguin (naval base)
HMAS Penguin is a Royal Australian Navy (RAN) base located at Balmoral on the lower north shore of Sydney Harbour in the suburb of Mosman, New South Wales. Penguin is one of the RAN's primary training establishments, with a responsibility for providing trained specialists for all areas of the navy. The current commander of Penguin is Commander Ian Walker, HADC RAN.

Balmoral, New South Wales
Balmoral is an urban locality in the suburb of Mosman in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is in the local government area of the Municipality of Mosman and is part of the Lower North Shore.

The locality is mostly known for its beach, officially divided into Balmoral and Edwards Beaches. Expensive residential real estate on the surrounding "Balmoral Slopes" benefits from the views and beach proximity. The naval depot HMAS Penguin is situated at the eastern end of Balmoral Beach. It houses a naval hospital and is accessed from Middle Head Road.
JMC Heavy Duty Vehicle
JMC Heavy Duty Vehicle (JMCH) is a dormant Chinese manufacturer of Ford-based heavy trucks owned by Jiangling Motors. It was established in 2013 as a successor of Taiyuan Changan and is headquartered in Taiyuan.

Jiangling Motors
Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited,  abbreviated JMC, is a Chinese automobile manufacturer. According to company and press reports, the largest shareholder of JMC is Jiangling Investment, a company controlled equally by the state-owned enterprises Changan and Jiangling Motors Corporation Group (JMCG).
International Socialist Alternative
International Socialist Alternative (ISA) is an international association of Trotskyist political parties.

ISA was founded by sections on one side of a split in the Committee for a Workers' International (CWI).

Committee for a Workers' International
The Committee for a Workers' International (CWI; Spanish: Comité por una Internacional de los Trabajadores, CIT; French: Comité pour une internationale ouvrière, CIO) was an international association of Trotskyist political parties and organisations. Today, two groups claim to be the continuation of the CWI, the refounded Committee for a Workers' International and International Socialist Alternative.
High Altitude Observatory
The High Altitude Observatory (HAO) is a laboratory of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). HAO operates the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory on Hawaii and a research institute in Boulder, Colorado.

Its staff conduct research and provide support and facilities for the solar-terrestrial physics research community. Topics covered include solar physics, the heliosphere, and the effects of space weather on Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere.

HAO was originally founded in 1940 as a branch of the Harvard College Observatory, was transferred to the University of Colorado in the late 1940s, before becoming part of NCAR when the latter was founded in 1960.

Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
The Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) is a solar observatory located on the slopes of Mauna Loa on the island of Hawai'i in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Built in 1965, the MLSO is operated by the High Altitude Observatory (HAO), a laboratory within the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and is situated on property managed by the Mauna Loa Observatory.

The MLSO is tasked with monitoring the Sun's atmosphere through observation of the chromosphere and corona.  Studies of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are also conducted at MLSO.
Ergaki Nature Park
Ergaki Nature Park (Russian: Природный парк Ергаки, also referred to as Irgaki) is located in located in the Ergaki mountain range in southern Siberia, Russia. The park was established in 2005 and it is referred to as the "Russian Yosemite".

Ergaki
Ergaki (Russian: Ергаки) is a mountain range of the Western Sayan Mountains in southern Siberia, Russia.

Ergaki Nature Park is a protected area which contains the mountain range. One natural feature of the park is the Hanging Stone, it is a stone which is perched high above Lake Raduzhnoye.
Nana (echos)
Phthora nana (Medieval Greek φθορά νανὰ) is one of the ten modes of the Hagiopolitan Octoechos consisting of 8 diatonic echoi and two additional phthorai. It is used in different traditions of Orthodox chant until today (→ Neobyzantine Octoechos). The name "nana" is taken from the syllables (written in ligatures "ʅʅ") sung during the intonation which precedes a melody composed in this mode. The name "phthora" derived from the verb φθείρω and means "destroy" or "corrupt". It was usually referred to the diatonic genus of the eight mode system and as a sign used in Byzantine chant notation it indicated a "change to another genus" (μεταβολὴ κατὰ γένος), in the particular case of phthora nana a change to the enharmonic genus. Today the "nana" intonation has become the standard name of the third authentic mode which is called "echos tritos" (ἦχος τρίτος) in Greek and "third glas" (третий Гласъ) in Old Church Slavonic.

Echos
Echos (Greek: ἦχος [ˈixos] 'sound', pl. echoi ἦχοι [ˈiçi]; Old Church Slavonic: гласъ [glasŭ] 'voice, sound') is the name in Byzantine music theory for a mode within the eight-mode system (oktoechos), each of them ruling several melody types, and it is used in the melodic and rhythmic composition of Byzantine chant ("thesis of the melos"), differentiated according to the chant genre and according to the performance style ("method of the thesis"). It is akin to a Western medieval tonus, an Andalusian tab', an Arab naġam (since 1400 "maqam"), or a Persian parde (since 18th-century dastgah).