hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Olga Sharutenko
Olga Sharutenko (Russian: Ольга Шарутенко; born 1 April 1978) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. With Dmitri Naumkin, she is the 1995 World Junior champion, a two-time Nebelhorn Trophy champion (1995 and 1997), the 1996 Karl Schäfer Memorial, and a two-time Winter Universiade champion (1997 and 1999).

Dmitri Naumkin
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Naumkin (Russian: Дмитрий Дмитриевич Наумкин; born 24 July 1976) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. With Olga Sharutenko, he is the 1995 World Junior champion, a two-time Nebelhorn Trophy champion (1995 and 1997), the 1996 Karl Schäfer Memorial, and a two-time Winter Universiade champion (1997 and 1999).
Black Sun (symbol)
The Black Sun (German: Schwarze Sonne) is a type of sun wheel (Sonnenrad) symbol originating in Nazi Germany and later employed by neo-Nazis and other far-right individuals and groups. The symbol's design consists of twelve radial sig runes similar to those that made up the SS logo. It first appeared in Nazi Germany as a design element in a castle at Wewelsburg, remodeled and expanded by the head of the Schutzstaffel (SS), Heinrich Himmler, which he intended to serve as the SS's center. The symbol appeared nowhere else in Nazi Germany.

It is unknown whether the design had a name or held any particular significance among the SS. Its contemporary association with the occult dates back to a 1991 German novel, Die Schwarze Sonne von Tashi Lhunpo (The Black Sun of Tashi Lhunpo), by the pseudonymous author Russell McCloud. The book links the Wewelsburg mosaic with the neo-Nazi concept of the "Black Sun", invented by former SS officer Wilhelm Landig as a substitute for the Nazi swastika.

Solar symbol
A solar symbol is a symbol representing the Sun.
Common solar symbols include circles (with or without rays), crosses, and spirals.
In religious iconography, personifications of the Sun or solar attributes are often indicated by means of a halo or a radiate crown.

When the systematic study of comparative mythology first became popular in the 19th century, scholarly opinion tended to over-interpret historical myths and iconography in terms of "solar symbolism".
This was especially the case with Max Müller and his followers beginning in the 1860s in the context of Indo-European studies. Many "solar symbols" claimed in the 19th century, such as the swastika, triskele, Sun cross, etc. have tended to be interpreted more conservatively in scholarship since the later 20th century.
Euro Banking Association
The Euro Banking Association (EBA), also referred by its French acronym ABE-EBA (French: Association bancaire pour l'euro), is a trade association for the European payments industry with close to 200 member banks and organisations from the European Union and around the world aimed at fostering and driving pan-European payment initiatives. The ABE-EBA has strived to contribute to the creation of a standardised Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA).

The EBA was instrumental in the establishment in June 1998 of EBA Clearing, to which it transferred projects that were under development at the time including EURO1, but has always been a separate organization.

EBA Clearing
EBA Clearing is a provider of pan-European payment infrastructure wholly owned by shareholders that consist of major European banks. It derives its name from the Euro Banking Association which was instrumental in its establishment in June 1998, but has always been a separate organization.

EBA Clearing owns and operates major payment infrastructure in Europe for Euro payments between banks, including EURO1 for high value payments, STEP1 for payments of small and medium-sized banks, STEP2-T, a pan-European automated clearing house (PE-ACH), and RT1 for instant payments. Both EURO1 and STEP2-T have been identified as Systemically Important Payment Systems by the European Central Bank in 2014, together with TARGET2 and CORE(FR).

EBA Clearing is based in Paris and has representative offices in Brussels, Frankfurt, Helsinki, London and Milan. Given their pan-European significance, both EURO1 and STEP2-T: 160  are under direct oversight by the European Central Bank.
Wyoming County, New York
Wyoming County is a county in the U.S. state of New York in the state's western area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,531. The county seat is Warsaw. The name is modified from a Lenape (Delaware) Native American word meaning "broad bottom lands". Wyoming County was formed from Genesee County in 1841. Wyoming County is one of New York's mostly agricultural counties. With an estimated 47,500 dairy cows in the county, there are more cattle in Wyoming County than people. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County, New York
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,388. Its county seat is Batavia. Its name is from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "the Beautiful Valley". The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County comprises the Batavia, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY combined statistical area. It is in Western New York. It is the namesake of Genesee County, Michigan; that is, the Michigan county was named for Genesee County, New York.
RMAF Regiment
The Royal Malaysian Air Force Regiment (Abbr.: RMAF Regiment, Malay: Rejimen Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia – Rejimen TUDM, Jawi: ريجيمن تنترا اودارا دراج مليسيا‎) is a ground-based formation that is part of the Royal Malaysian Air Force. It comprises units that serve as special forces, air force infantry, security forces, and ground combat instructors. The regiment's headquarters are located at RMAF Jugra Air Base in Banting, Selangor.

Brigadier General Mohd Zairul Hisham Muhamad Ibrahim RMAF is the current commander of the RMAF Regiment, having succeeded Brigadier General Meor Ahmad Kamal Meor Termizi RMAF on 24 April 2024.

Royal Malaysian Air Force
The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF, Malay: Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia; TUDM; Jawi: تنترا اودارا دراج مليسيا) was formed on 2 June 1958 as the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; تنترا اودارا دراج ڤرسكوتون تانه ملايو). However, its roots can be traced back to the Malayan Auxiliary Air Force formations of the British Royal Air Force in then-colonial British Malaya. The Royal Malaysian Air Force operates a mix of modern American, European and Russian-made aircraft.
EA-3834
EA-3834 is a potent anticholinergic deliriant drug with a fairly long duration of action, related to the chemical warfare agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). It was developed under contract to Edgewood Arsenal during the 1960s as part of the US military chemical weapons program, during research to improve upon the properties of earlier agents such as QNB.

EA-3834 has a potency and central to peripheral effects ratio only slightly less than that of related compounds such as EA-3443, and is faster acting and shorter lasting, although not as much as other compounds such as 302196.

EA-3834 appears to cause renal problems, among them, microhematuria.

3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) (IUPAC name 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl hydroxy(diphenyl)acetate; US Army code EA-2277; NATO code BZ; Soviet code Substance 78) is an odorless and bitter-tasting military-grade incapacitating agent. It impairs muscle movement and causes delirium and hallucinations to the point of helplessness.

BZ was first synthesized by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Hoffman-LaRoche in 1951, which unsuccessfully tried to develop it into a treatment for gastrointestinal disease. Within a few years, the United States Army took it up as part of its chemical weapons program. Allegations have been made that the U.S. army used it in the Vietnam War. The army denies this; in 1969 it officially banned the compound due to its "wide range of variability of effects, long onset time, and inefficiency of existing munitions." There have also been numerous, unproven allegations of its use in Syria, Bosnia and Russia.
Dray Prescot series
The Dray Prescot series is a sequence of fifty-two science fiction novels and a number of associated short stories of the subgenre generally classified as sword and planet, written by British author Kenneth Bulmer under the pseudonym of Alan Burt Akers.

The sequence is made up of eleven cycles of novels, each cycle essentially forming a series within the series. Four novels and three short stories are stand-alone narratives falling outside the system of cycles. Each tale is narrated in the first person by the protagonist, Dray Prescot. To support the illusion that the fictional Prescot was the actual author, later volumes were bylined "by Dray Prescot as told to Alan Burt Akers."

Planetary romance
Planetary romance (other synonyms are sword and planet, and planetary adventure) is a subgenre of science fiction or science fantasy in which the bulk of the action consists of adventures on one exotic alien — often technologically primitive — world, characterized by distinctive physical and cultural backgrounds. Some planetary romances take place against the background of a future culture where travel between worlds by spaceship is commonplace; others, particularly the earliest examples of the genre, do not, invoking flying carpets, astral projection, or other methods of getting between planets. In either case, it is the planetside adventures that are the focus of the story, not the mode of travel.
Jack Nicklaus 6: Golden Bear Challenge
Jack Nicklaus 6: Golden Bear Challenge is a golf video game developed by Hypnos Entertainment and published by Activision for Microsoft Windows. It is part of a series of golfing games named after golfer Jack Nicklaus, and is the first in the series to feature him as a playable golfer. Producer and designer Mike Franco, who produced previous games in the series, began working on the game in November 1997,  when Jack Nicklaus 5 was released.

Full work began on the game in April 1998, and it was released in March 1999. The game received mostly positive reviews, with praise for its graphics, golfer animations, golf course designer feature, and game physics, although in-game commentary by Jim Nantz and Gary McCord was criticized as repetitive and annoying. Sales of the game were poor, with only 20,000 copies sold as of February 2000.

Jack Nicklaus 5
Jack Nicklaus 5 is a golf video game developed by American studio Eclipse Entertainment and published by Accolade for Windows 95. It is part of a series of golfing games named after golfer Jack Nicklaus. It was released in November 1997, shortly after its predecessor, Jack Nicklaus 4 (1997). Jack Nicklaus 5 received positive reviews for its graphics, sound, and a golf course designer feature, but the game sold poorly. It was followed by Jack Nicklaus 6: Golden Bear Challenge in 1999.
Battle of Lake Huleh (1157)
In the Battle of Lake Huleh in June 1157, a Crusader army led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem was ambushed and badly defeated by Nur ad-Din Zangi, the emir of Aleppo and Damascus. While the king and some fighting men escaped to a nearby castle, a large number were killed or made prisoner. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem escaped worse damage when their adversary became ill and was unable to follow up his victory. The Hula Valley is located in the northeast part of modern-day Israel. At the time of the battle, the area belonged to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Hula Valley
The Hula Valley (Hebrew: עמק החולה, romanized: ʿEmeq haḤūlā; Arabic: سهل الحولة, romanized: Sahl al-Ḥūlat) is a topographic depression forming a valley and fertile agricultural region in  northern Israel with abundant fresh water that used to be part covered by marshland and Lake Hula. These areas were a breeding ground for mosquitoes carrying malaria and were drained in the 1950s. A small section of the valley was later reflooded in an attempt to revive a nearly extinct ecosystem. It is a major stopover for birds migrating along the Great Rift Valley between Africa, Europe, and Asia, with an estimated 500 million migrating birds now pass through the Hula Valley every year.
Applicable margin reset
Applicable margin reset (AMR) is a procedure developed to provide an alternative to refinance the interest rate on the outstanding rated classes of collateralized loan obligation (CLO) securities. AMR utilizes a modified Dutch auction procedure to set the new interest rate on each participating class of CLO securities.

Collateralized loan obligation
Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) are a form of securitization where payments from multiple middle sized and large business loans are pooled together and passed on to different classes of owners in various tranches. A CLO is a type of collateralized debt obligation, or CDO.
Naomi Julien
Naomi Julien is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, portrayed by Petra Letang. She first appeared in the show in the episode broadcast on 15 August 2005. Her storylines include a relationship with established character Sonia Fowler (Natalie Cassidy), a friendship with Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves) and Minty Peterson and being threatened by Dr. May Wright (Amanda Drew). The character was axed in January 2007 and her final scenes were broadcast on 24 May 2007.

May Wright
Dr. May Wright (often referred to by the media as "Mad May") is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Amanda Drew. May appears in the series between 25 September 2006 and 25 June 2007, and again between 6 and 18 June 2008, when she is killed off. Her storylines include the breakdown of her marriage to Rob Minter (Stuart Laing) and attempted kidnap of Summer Swann, daughter of Rob and Dawn Swann (Kara Tointon), all of which led to her eventual suicide when she causes a gas explosion.
Bivongi
Bivongi (Calabrian: Bivungi or Bigungi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria in the Stilaro Valley, at the feet of the Monte Consolino.

Attractions include the Cascata del Marmarico, a 114-metre (374 ft) high waterfall, and the Monastery of San Giovanni Theristis.

Vallata dello Stilaro
The  Vallata dello Stilaro (the Valley of Stilaro) is a valley in the Province of Reggio Calabria of Southern Italy. It takes its name from river that flow in the area, the Stilaro.

The principal settlements present in the valley are Bivongi, Monasterace, Pazzano and Stilo. The Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria, preserves and promotes the natural, artistic and cultural things of the place.
Manipogo
In Canadian folklore, the Manipogo is a lake monster said to live in Lake Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. The creature was dubbed Manipogo in 1960, the name echoing British Columbia's Ogopogo. It is the namesake of the Manipogo Provincial Park.

There is also a monster called Winnepogo, named for either Lake Winnipegosis or Lake Winnipeg, thought possibly to be the same creature since the lakes are connected.

The community of St. Laurent on the southeast shore of Lake Manitoba holds a yearly Manipogo Festival during the first week of March.

Ogopogo
The Ogopogo is a lake monster said to inhabit Okanagan Lake in British Columbia, Canada in Canadian folklore. Some scholars have charted the entity's development from First Nations folklore and widespread water monster folklore motifs. The Ogopogo now plays a role in the commercial symbolism and media representation of the region.
Juliane Koepcke
Juliane Margaret Beate Koepcke (born 10 October 1954), is a German-Peruvian mammalogist who specialises in bats. She is the daughter of German zoologists Maria and Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke.

Koepcke is known for being the sole survivor of the 1971 LANSA Flight 508 crash. When the plane was struck by lightning, she fell 3,000 m (10,000 ft) while strapped to her seat and suffered numerous injuries including a concussion, broken collarbone, and a torn knee ligament. She survived 11 days alone in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest until she located a lumberjack camp.

Maria Koepcke
Maria Koepcke (born Maria Emilie Anna von Mikulicz-Radecki, 15 May 1924 – c. 24 December 1971) was a German ornithologist known for her work with Neotropical bird species. Koepcke was a well-respected authority in South American ornithology and her work is still referenced today. For her efforts, she is commemorated in the scientific names of four Peruvian bird species and, along with her husband, a Peruvian lizard species.
Lady Elizabeth Shakerley
Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Shakerley CVO (née Anson; 7 June 1941 – 1 November 2020) was a British party planner, writer and socialite from the Anson family. She was a first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II and sister of Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield.

Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield
Thomas Patrick John Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield (25 April 1939 – 11 November 2005), was an English photographer from the Anson family. He inherited the Earldom of Lichfield in 1960 from his paternal grandfather. In his professional practice he was known as Patrick Lichfield.
Isabella of Cyprus
Isabella of Cyprus (Old French: Isabel; died in 1264) was a princess of the House of Lusignan. She was the heir presumptive to the Kingdom of Cyprus during the reign of her minor nephew King Hugh II, but ceded the right to rule the kingdom as regent to her son, Hugh of Antioch. In 1263 she claimed the regency of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but was granted limited powers by its High Court. She then returned to Cyprus, where she died soon after.

Hugh II of Cyprus
Hugh II (French: Hugues; c. December 1252 – November or 5 December 1267) was the king of Cyprus and lord of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He succeeded to the throne of Cyprus when his father, King Henry I, died shortly after his birth; the infant king's mother, Plaisance of Antioch, took up the government as regent. In 1258 he was recognized as the heir presumptive to–and regent for–King Conrad III of Jerusalem. After the death of Queen Plaisance in 1261, Hugh's cousin Hugh of Antioch was recognized as the new regent. Hugh died shortly before he was to reach the age of majority, which spelled the end of the first Lusignan dynasty in Cyprus. He was succeeded by Hugh of Antioch.
Modus tollens
In propositional logic, modus tollens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈtɒlɛnz/) (MT), also known as modus tollendo tollens (Latin for "mode that by denying denies") and denying the consequent, is a deductive argument form and a rule of inference. Modus tollens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism that takes the form of "If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, not P." It is an application of the general truth that if a statement is true, then so is its contrapositive. The form shows that inference from P implies Q to the negation of Q implies the negation of P is a valid argument.

The history of the inference rule modus tollens goes back to antiquity. The first to explicitly describe the argument form modus tollens was Theophrastus.

Modus tollens is closely related to modus ponens. There are two similar, but invalid, forms of argument: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent.  See also contraposition and proof by contrapositive.

Hypothetical syllogism
In classical logic, a hypothetical syllogism is a valid argument form, a deductive syllogism with a conditional statement for one or both of its premises. Ancient references point to the works of Theophrastus and Eudemus for the first investigation of this kind of syllogisms.
Mobile and Ohio Railroad
The Mobile and Ohio Railroad (M&O) was a railroad in the Southern U.S. The M&O was chartered in January and February 1848 by the states of Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee. It was planned to span the distance between the seaport of Mobile, Alabama and the Ohio River near Cairo, Illinois. On September 13, 1940, it was merged with the Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad to form the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad.

At the end of 1925 M&O operated 1,161 miles (1,868 km) of road and 1,536 miles (2,472 km) of track; that year it reported 1,785 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 49 million passenger-miles.

Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad
The Gulf, Mobile and Ohio (reporting mark GMO) was a Class I railroad in the central United States whose primary routes extended from Mobile, Alabama, and New Orleans, Louisiana, to  St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, as well as Chicago, Illinois. From its two parallel lines through eastern Mississippi, the GM&O also served Montgomery and Birmingham, Alabama, as well as Memphis, Tennessee.
Demosaicing
Demosaicing (or de-mosaicing, demosaicking), also known as color reconstruction, is a digital image processing algorithm used to reconstruct a full color image from the incomplete color samples output from an image sensor overlaid with a color filter array (CFA) such as a Bayer filter. It is also known as CFA interpolation or debayering.

Most modern digital cameras acquire images using a single image sensor overlaid with a CFA, so demosaicing is part of the processing pipeline required to render these images into a viewable format.

Many modern digital cameras can save images in a raw format allowing the user to demosaic them using software, rather than using the camera's built-in firmware.

Raw image format
A camera raw image file is a file that contains unprocessed data straight from a digital camera. Such data can later be changed into a photo, either within a digital camera itself or by usage of external tools. Raw files are so named because they are not yet processed, and contain large amounts of potentially redundant data. Normally, the image is processed by a raw converter, in a wide-gamut internal color space where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a viewable photos for storage, printing, or further manipulation. There are dozens of raw formats in use by different manufacturers of digital image capture equipment.
Sequential proportional approval voting
Sequential proportional approval voting (SPAV) or reweighted approval voting (RAV) is an electoral system that extends the concept of approval voting to a multiple winner election. It is a simplified version of proportional approval voting. It is a special case of Thiele's voting rules, proposed by Danish statistician Thorvald N. Thiele in the early 1900s. It was used in Sweden from 1909 to 1921, when it was replaced by a "party-list" style system, and is still used for some local elections.

Proportional approval voting
Proportional approval voting (PAV) is a proportional electoral system for multiwinner elections. It is a multiwinner approval method that extends the D'Hondt method of apportionment commonly used to calculate apportionments for party-list proportional representation. However, PAV allows voters to support only the candidates they approve of, rather than being forced to approve or reject all candidates on a given party list.

In PAV, voters cast approval ballots marking all candidates they approve of; each voter's ballot is then treated as if all candidates on the ballot were on their own "party list." Seats are then apportioned between candidates in a way that ensures all coalitions are represented proportionally.