hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
San Felipe incident (1596)
On October 19, 1596, the Spanish ship San Felipe was shipwrecked on Urado in Kōchi on the Japanese island of Shikoku en route from Manila to Acapulco. The local daimyo Chōsokabe Motochika seized the cargo of the richly laden Manila galleon, and the incident escalated to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, ruling taikō of Japan. The pilot of the ship suggested to Japanese authorities that it was Spanish modus operandi to have missionaries infiltrate a country before an eventual military conquest, depicting the Spanish campaigns in the Americas and the Philippines in this way. This led to the crucifixion of 26 Christians in Nagasaki, the first lethal persecution of Christians by the state in Japan. The executed were later known as the Twenty-Six Martyrs of Japan.

26 Martyrs of Japan
The 26 Martyrs of Japan (Japanese: 日本二十六聖人, Hepburn: Nihon Nijūroku Seijin) were a group of Catholics who were executed by crucifixion on 5 February 1597, in Nagasaki, Japan. Their martyrdom is especially significant in the history of the Catholic Church in Japan.

A promising beginning to Catholic missions in Japan – with perhaps as many as 300,000 Catholics by the end of the 16th century – met complications from competition between the missionary groups, political difficulty between Portugal and Spain and factions within the government of Japan. Christianity was suppressed and it was during this time that the twenty-six martyrs were executed. By 1630, Catholicism had been driven underground. When Christian missionaries returned to Japan 250 years later, they found a community of "hidden Catholics" that had survived underground.
Bicester Village railway station
Bicester Village (2015–present, previously Bicester Town 1987–2014, Bicester London Road 1954–1968, Bicester 1850–1954) is one of two railway stations serving the market town of Bicester in Oxfordshire, alongside Bicester North. It is 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Oxford on the Oxford–Bicester line near its junction with the Chiltern Main Line. The renamed Bicester Village station reopened on 25 October 2015 with trains initially running between Oxford Parkway and London Marylebone. All trains serving it are operated by Chiltern Railways.

Following the reinstatement of the railway line between Bicester and Bletchley as part of East West Rail, Chiltern Railways expects to begin services between Oxford and Milton Keynes Central via Bicester and Bletchley from late 2025.

Oxford–Bicester line
The Oxford–Bicester line is a railway line linking Oxford and Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. Opened in 1850, later becoming part of a through route to Cambridge, it closed in 1967 along with much of the rest of the original line. The section between Oxford and Bicester was reopened in 1987 as a branch line, and closed from early 2014 to late 2015 for a substantial upgrade in which it became part of a new route between Oxford and London Marylebone via High Wycombe. In addition, it is intended that by 2025 the original route eastwards will be restored as far as Bletchley allowing services to run to Bedford. This East West Rail project includes a long-term plan to re-establish the route through to Cambridge.
Vermont Route 11
Vermont Route 11 (VT 11) is a 42.154-mile-long (67.840 km) east–west state highway in Vermont, United States. The western end of the highway is at VT 7A in Manchester. The eastern end is at the New Hampshire border at the Cheshire Bridge over the Connecticut River, connecting Springfield and Charlestown, New Hampshire. The route continues into New Hampshire as New Hampshire Route 11, and then following that into Maine as Maine State Route 11. The three Routes 11, totaling 551.7 miles (887.9 km) in length, were once part of the New England Interstate system.

Vermont Route 7A
Vermont Route 7A (VT 7A) is a 27.8-mile-long (44.7 km) north–south state highway in Bennington County, Vermont, in the United States. It is an alternate route of U.S. Route 7 (US 7) between Bennington and Dorset. The route is signed as "Historic VT 7A" to distinguish it, the original routing of US 7, from the modern US 7 freeway.
Hann Münden station
Hann Münden station is on the Hanoverian Southern Railway and the line from Halle. The station in central Hann. Münden, Lower Saxony, Germany is connected by regional trains to the cities of Göttingen, Kassel, Halle (Saale) and Erfurt, where there are connections to the Deutsche Bahn long-distance train network.

Hanoverian Southern Railway
The Hanoverian Southern Railway (German: Hannöversche Südbahn) is a historical term but it is still a common name for the line between Hanover and Kassel. It is a German main line railway in Lower Saxony and is one of the oldest lines in Germany, opened between 1853 and 1856 by the Royal Hanoverian State Railways.
Asheville, North Carolina
Asheville (/ˈæʃ.vɪl/ ASH-vill) is a city in Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States. Located at the confluence of the French Broad and Swannanoa rivers, it is the county seat of Buncombe County. It is the most populous city in Western North Carolina and the state's 11th-most populous city with a population of 94,589 at the 2020 census. The four-county Asheville metropolitan area has an estimated 422,000 residents.

Buncombe County, North Carolina
Buncombe County (/ˈbʌŋkəm/ BUNK-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is classified within Western North Carolina. The 2020 census reported the population was 269,452, making it the 7th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Asheville. Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Electricity Commission of New South Wales
The Electricity Commission of New South Wales, sometimes called Elcom, was a statutory authority responsible for electricity generation and its bulk transmission throughout New South Wales, Australia. The commission was established on 22 May 1950 by the Electricity Commission Act 1950 to take control of power generation in the State. The commission acquired the power stations and main transmission lines of the four major supply authorities: Southern Electricity Supply, Sydney County Council, the Department of Railways and the Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation Ltd, also known as the Balmain Electric Light Company, the owner and operator of Balmain Power Station. The commission was responsible for the centralised co-ordination of electricity generation and transmission in the State, and some local councils continued to be distributors of electricity only.

New South Wales Government Railways
New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was an agency of the Government of New South Wales which administered rail transport in the colony, and then the state, of New South Wales, Australia, between 1855 and 1932.
Warwick Daily News
The Warwick Daily News is an online newspaper serving Warwick, Queensland, Australia. The newspaper is published by The Warwick Newspaper Pty Ltd and owned by News Corp Australia.

The Warwick Daily News is circulated to the residents of Warwick Shire and surrounds to Inglewood in the west, Killarney in the east, Clifton to the north and the New South Wales border to the south, including Stanthorpe and the Granite Belt.

The circulation of the Warwick Daily News is 3,218 Monday to Friday and 3,439 on Saturday.

The Warwick Daily News website is part of News Corp Australia's News Regional Media network.

Warwick, Queensland
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a rural town and locality in southeast Queensland, Australia, lying 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-west of Brisbane. It is the administrative centre of the Southern Downs Region local government area. The surrounding Darling Downs have fostered a strong agricultural industry for which Warwick, together with the larger city of Toowoomba, serve as convenient service centres. In the 2021 census, the locality of Warwick had a population of 12,294 people.
HMAS Ping Wo
HMAS Ping Wo (not to be confused with HMAS Whang Pu) was a 3,105 tons former Indo-Chinese river steamer that was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. The Chinese name translates to "Equitable Harmony". It was one of a group of vessels known as the "China Fleet" acquired by the RAN in similar circumstances.

Allied Chinese Ships
The terms Allied Chinese Ships and Allied China Fleet refer to 32 vessels of the Hong Kong-based China Navigation Company requisitioned by the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. Following the Battle of Singapore in early 1942, many of the requisitioned ships joined the Allied retreat to Australia. Six were acquired by the Royal Australian Navy; four of these were commissioned as auxiliary warships, while two served as Victualing Supply Issuing Ships.
Gomory–Hu tree
In combinatorial optimization, the Gomory–Hu tree of an undirected graph with capacities is a weighted tree that represents the minimum s-t cuts for all s-t pairs in the graph. The Gomory–Hu tree can be constructed in |V| − 1 maximum flow computations. It is named for Ralph E. Gomory and T. C. Hu.

Cut (graph theory)
In graph theory, a cut is a partition of the vertices of a graph into two disjoint subsets. Any cut determines a cut-set, the set of edges that have one endpoint in each subset of the partition. These edges are said to cross the cut. In a connected graph, each cut-set determines a unique cut, and in some cases cuts are identified with their cut-sets rather than with their vertex partitions.

In a flow network, an s–t cut is a cut that requires the source and the sink to be in different subsets, and its cut-set only consists of edges going from the source's side to the sink's side. The capacity of an s–t cut is defined as the sum of the capacity of each edge in the cut-set.
Azamara Quest
Azamara Quest is an R-class cruise ship that entered service for Azamara Cruises on 24 October 2007. She was built in 2000 for Renaissance Cruises as R Seven. Following the collapse of Renaissance Cruises in 2001 she was laid up for two years, until chartered to the Germany-based Delphin Seereisen as Delphin Renaissance.

In 2006 she was sold to the Spain-based Pullmantur Cruises and renamed Blue Moon. She sailed for Pullmantur until 2007 when she was transferred to Azamara Cruises.

The Azamara Quest carries about 710 passengers (double occupancy) plus 410 crew members (1:2 staff to guest ratio). Her first season was in the Caribbean.  Due to her small size, she is able to call at some of the lesser-visited ports such as St. Barts and Guadeloupe.

Sisterships: Azamara Journey, Azamara Pursuit, MS Insignia, MS Sirena, MS Regatta, MS Nautica, Pacific Princess.

Azamara Journey
Azamara Journey is an R-class cruise ship owned and operated by Azamara Club Cruises. Gross register tonnage is 30,277, with a capacity of 694 passengers (double occupancy), plus 390 crew members. She was built in 2000 for Renaissance Cruises as R Six. After the bankruptcy of Renaissance Cruises, she sailed for Pullmantur Cruises who renamed her Blue Star in 2003 and Blue Dream in 2005.
Katie Eyre Brewer
Katie Eyre Brewer is an American politician and accountant in Oregon. She was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in November 2010 for House District 29, succeeding Democratic Representative Chuck Riley. She lost to Ben Unger in the 2012 general election. Now known as Katie Eyre, she serves on the Hillsboro Planning Commission.

Ben Unger
Benjamin 'Ben' Unger (born March 4, 1976, in Cornelius, Oregon) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Oregon House of Representatives representing District 29 from 2013 to 2015. He stands at over 6'7".
Grindon, County Durham
Grindon is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Grindon and Thorpe Thewles, in the Stockton-on-Tees district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. The civil parish population at the census 2001 was 2,603 reducing to 2,484 at the 2011 Census. In the 2021 census, the population of Grindon and Thorpe Thewles parish, now no longer including Wynyard, was 940. It is situated between Sedgefield and Stockton-on-Tees, near to Thorpe Thewles and Thorpe Larches.

The place name of "Grindon" is derived from the word 'dun', which meant hill. Grindon is situated in the Upland Fells, formed of Carboniferous millstone grit. "The alternating strata of harder and softer rocks give a stepped profile to many dale sides and distinctive flat-topped summits to the higher fells."

Wynyard, County Durham
Wynyard is a garden village in County Durham, England.

It was designated a Garden Village by the government in 2020. Administratively, it is divided between the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees and the Borough of Hartlepool, with each containing a civil parish called "Wynyard".

Wynyard Estate has some of the most expensive houses in the North East, as well as the most expensive road in Teesside. Wynyard Park is home to several gated communities, the main one being the Manorside development, a collection of 27 self-built executive homes.
María José Martínez Sánchez
María José Martínez Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a xoˈse maɾˈtineθ ˈsantʃeθ]; born 12 August 1982) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. In singles, she won five WTA Tour titles, her biggest being a Premier 5 title at the 2010 Italian Open where she defeated two former world No. 1 players, Ana Ivanovic and Jelena Janković, en route to the title. As a junior, she won the Orange Bowl (1999) and French Open (2000). She reached a career-high ranking in singles of world No. 19, on 10 May 2010.

In doubles, Martínez Sánchez won 21 WTA Tour titles, ten partnering with her compatriot Nuria Llagostera Vives. Among them are the 2009 WTA Tour Championships, 2009 Rogers Cup and the Dubai Tennis Championships in 2010 and 2011. Martínez Sánchez reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 4, on 5 July 2010.

Jelena Janković
Jelena Janković (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Јанковић, Serbian pronunciation: [jělena jǎːŋkoʋitɕ]; born 28 February 1985) is a Serbian former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 18 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2008. Janković won 15 WTA Tour-level singles titles and two doubles titles, including the 2007 Wimbledon mixed-doubles title partnering Jamie Murray. Her career-best major performance in singles was a runner-up finish at the 2008 US Open.
Federalism in the United States
In the United States, federalism is the constitutional division of power between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States. Since the founding of the country, and particularly with the end of the American Civil War, power shifted away from the states and toward the national government. The progression of federalism includes dual, cooperative, and New Federalism.

Dual federalism
Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.  Dual federalism is defined in contrast to cooperative federalism ("marble-cake federalism"), in which federal and state governments collaborate on policy.
Ezell Blair Jr.
Jibreel Khazan (born Ezell Alexander Blair Jr.; October 18, 1941) is a civil rights activist who is best known as a member of the Greensboro Four, a group of African American college students who, on February 1, 1960, sat down at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina challenging the store's policy of denying service to non-white customers. The protests and the subsequent events were major milestones in the Civil Rights Movement.

Greensboro sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in February to July 1960, primarily in the Woolworth store—now the International Civil Rights Center and Museum—in Greensboro, North Carolina, which led to the F. W. Woolworth Company department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States. While not the first sit-in of the civil rights movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, and also the best-known sit-ins of the civil rights movement. They are considered a catalyst to the subsequent sit-in movement, in which 70,000 people participated. This sit-in was a contributing factor in the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Sea Fighter
Sea Fighter (FSF-1) is an experimental littoral combat ship in service with the United States Navy. Its hull is of a small-waterplane-area twin-hull (SWATH) design, provides exceptional stability, even on rough seas. The ship can operate in both blue and littoral waters. For power, it can use either its dual gas-turbine engines for speed or its dual diesel engines for efficient cruising. It can be easily reconfigured through the use of interchangeable mission modules. Helicopters can land and launch on its deck. Smaller water craft can be carried and launched from its stern. The vessel is being developed under the program title Littoral Surface Craft-Experimental (LSC(X)) with a hull type designation Fast Sea Frame. The first vessel has been assigned the hull classification symbol FSF 1 and also has been referred to as the X-Craft. The vessel was designed by British company BMT Nigel Gee who continue with a role in the development of the vessel.

Small-waterplane-area twin hull
A small-waterplane-area twin hull, better known by the acronym SWATH, is a catamaran design that minimizes hull cross section area at the sea's surface.  Minimizing the ship's volume near the surface area of the sea, where wave energy is located, minimizes a vessel's response to sea state, even in high seas and at high speeds.  The bulk of the displacement necessary to keep the ship afloat is located beneath the waves, where it is less affected by wave action.  Wave excitation drops exponentially as depth increases, so wave action normally does not affect a submerged submarine at all. Placing the majority of a ship's displacement under the waves is similar in concept to creating a ship that rides atop twin submarines.
Sohail Khan
Sohail Salim Khan (born 20 December 1969) is an Indian actor and producer who works mainly in Hindi cinema. He is the younger brother of actors Salman Khan and Arbaaz Khan. He has an elder sister, Alvira Khan Agnihotri. He produces films under his banner Sohail Khan Productions.

Arbaaz Khan
Arbaaz Salim Khan (born 4 August 1967) is an Indian actor and film producer who primarily works in Hindi cinema, in addition to Telugu, Urdu and Malayalam cinema.

Since his debut in 1996, he has acted in many leading and supporting roles. He ventured into film production in the Bollywood film industry with Arbaaz Khan Productions, launching Dabangg in 2010, in which he starred as the younger brother of his real-life brother Salman Khan. The film went on to become one of the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time. He won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment for the film. He also hosted the reality show Power Couple, which aired on Sony TV. In 2019, Khan made his digital debut with the crime-thriller web series Poison.
Hochspeyer station
Hochspeyer station – originally officially Neuhochspeyer or Neu-Hochspeyer – is the station of the town of Hochspeyer in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as belonging to category 4 and it has four platform tracks. The station is located in the network of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (Rhine-Neckar transport association, VRN) and belongs to fare zone 100. Its address is Bahnhofstraße 1.

It is located on the Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway, which essentially consists of the Palatine Ludwig Railway (Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn, Ludwigshafen–Bexbach). It became a junction station on 29 October 1870, with the opening of the Alsenz Valley Railway (Alsenztalbahn) to Winnweiler; half a year later this line was extended to Bad Münster. The importance of this line, however, fell with the opening of Kaiserslautern–Enkenbach railway a few years later. Since December 2003, it has also been a stop for lines S1 and S2 of the Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn.

Bad Münster am Stein station
Bad Münster am Stein station is a station at a railway junction in Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg, a district of Bad Kreuznach in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The station building, dating from about 1910, is protected as a monument. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. The station is located in the network of the Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund (Rhine-Nahe local transport association, RNN) and belongs to fare zone 401. Its address is: Berliner Straße 20.

The station, opened in 1859, was initially a through station on the Nahe Valley Railway (Nahetalbahn), which was built by the Rhine-Nahe Railway Company (Rhein-Nahe-Bahn). In 1871, the Alsenz Valley Railway (Alsenztalbahn) was opened from Hochspeyer with its northern terminus in the town then called just Münster. From 1904 to 1961, it was also the north-eastern terminus of the Glan Valley Railway (Glantalbahn), a strategic railway running to Homburg.
Greater Taunton Area
The Greater Taunton Area is the suburban area surrounding the city of Taunton, in northeastern Bristol County, Massachusetts. It comprises various present-day municipalities that were once under the jurisdiction of Taunton in Colonial America. These present-day municipalities include the towns of Berkley, Dighton, Norton, and Raynham.

Norton, Massachusetts
Norton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States, and contains the villages of Norton Center and Chartley. The population was 19,202 at the 2020 census. Home of Wheaton College, Norton hosted the Dell Technologies Championship, a tournament of the PGA Tour held annually on the Labor Day holiday weekend at the TPC Boston golf club until 2018.
Loxospora
Loxospora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sarrameanaceae. The genus was established in 1852 by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo and originally included species now placed in other genera. Molecular phylogenetics studies have revealed that several species previously assigned to Loxospora actually belong to a separate lineage, leading to the creation of the new genus Chicitaea in 2024. These lichens form crusty growths on bark and rock surfaces, with some species producing powdery reproductive structures whilst others develop disc-shaped fruiting bodies.

Chicitaea
Chicitaea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sarrameanaceae. Established in 2024, it comprises five species that grow as crusts on tree bark in forests across North America, Europe, Australia, China, and Thailand. The genus was separated from Loxospora based on molecular evidence and chemical differences, particularly the presence of 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid as the main secondary compound. The lichens appear in shades from pale grey-green to olive-grey and can reproduce through both vegetative structures (soredia or isidia) and, in one species, through sexual spore-producing structures (apothecia).