hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vakunayka
The Vakunayka (Russian: Вакунайка; Yakut: Вакунайка) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is a right hand tributary of the Chona, and is 363 kilometres (226 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 10,100 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi).

There are no permanent settlements by the Vakunayka. The Russian Geographical Society organized an expedition in 1853–55 to survey the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona basins.

Chona
The Chona (Russian: Чона; Yakut: Чуона, Çuona) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is a right hand tributary of the Vilyuy, and is 802 kilometres (498 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 40,600 square kilometres (15,700 sq mi).

The Russian Geographical Society organized an expedition in 1853–55 to survey the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona basins.
Surviving Mars
Surviving Mars is a city building survival video game initially developed by the Bulgarian studio Haemimont Games, and later by Abstraction Games, and published by Paradox Interactive. It was released on Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on March 15, 2018. The player serves as an overseer who must build a colony on Mars and ensure the survival of the colonists. Two spiritual successors, Surviving the Aftermath and Surviving the Abyss, were released in 2019 and 2022. A spin-off, Surviving Mars: Pioneer, and a remaster, Surviving Mars: Relaunched, was released in 2025.

Surviving the Aftermath
Surviving the Aftermath is a city-building game developed by Iceflake Studios, which is now a division of the game's publisher, Paradox Interactive.  Players build a city in a post-apocalyptic setting, which includes elements of survival games.  It follows Surviving Mars and is followed by Surviving the Abyss, all of which were published by Paradox.
Shaheed Smarak Patna
The Martyrs' Memorial, also known as Shaheed Smarak, is a life-size statue of seven young men who died in the Quit India movement (August 1942), to hoist the national flag on the (now) Secretariat building. The foundation stone of Martyr's Memorial was laid on 15 August 1947, by the governor of Bihar, Mr. Jairam Das Daulatram in presence of Premier of Bihar Shri Krishna Sinha and his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha . The sculptor Devi Prasad Roychoudhury built the bronze statue of the seven students with the national flag. These statues were cast in Italy and later placed here.

Martyr's Memorial is now situated outside the Secretariat building in Patna.

Patna Secretariat
Patna Secretariat, also known as Patna Sachivalaya or Old Secretariat, is the administrative headquarters of the state Government of Bihar in India. It is located in Bihar's capital city of Patna. This building is situated between two iconic buildings of the city, Raj Bhavan in the west and Patna High Court in the far east.
Nördlinger Hut
The Nördlinger Hut (German: Nördlinger Hütte) is an Alpine Club hut belonging to the German Alpine Club that is situated at a height of 2,238 m (AA) south of the summit of the Reither Spitze in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is thus the highest refuge hut in the entire Karwendel range. It is located in the westernmost part of the Karwendel Alps, the Erlspitze Group, above the village and ski resort of Seefeld. From the hut there are expansive views over the Stubai Alps, the Inn valley and the Wetterstein Mountains.

Reither Spitze
The Reither Spitze is a mountain in the Karwendel in the Austrian  federal state of Tyrol that, thanks to its location at the southwestern end of the Erlspitze Group, is particularly well known for its great views of the surrounding area from its summit. Its name is derived the village of Reith bei Seefeld, which lies at its southwestern foot.

The Schlossbach, a tributary of the River Inn, rises on the mountainside.
Modern Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism (also Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize Jewish values and the observance of Jewish law with the modern world.

Modern Orthodoxy draws on several teachings and philosophies, and thus assumes various forms. In the United States, and generally in the Western world, Centrist Orthodoxy underpinned by the philosophy of Torah Umadda ("Torah and secular knowledge") is prevalent. In Israel, Modern Orthodoxy is dominated by Religious Zionism; however, although not identical, these movements share many of the same values and many of the same adherents.

Torah Umadda
Torah Umadda (/tɔːrɑ umɑdɑ/; Hebrew: תּוֹרָה וּמַדָּע, "Torah and knowledge") is a worldview in Orthodox Judaism concerning the relationship between the secular world and Judaism, and in particular between secular knowledge and Jewish religious knowledge. The resultant mode of Orthodox Judaism is referred to as Centrist Orthodoxy.
Adam Kasia
Adam Kasia (Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡊࡀࡎࡉࡀ, Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈɑdam ˈkæsjæ]; also referred to using the portmanteau Adakas ࡀࡃࡀࡊࡀࡎ or Adakas Ziwa in the Ginza Rabba) means "the hidden Adam" in Mandaic. The hidden Adam is also called Adam Qadmaiia (ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡒࡀࡃࡌࡀࡉࡉࡀ, "The First Adam"). In Mandaeism, it means the soul of the first man. He is also identified as Shishlam, the primordial priest.

Among the Mandaeans, Adam Kasia means the soul of every human. Adam Kasia shows many similarities with the Jewish idea of Adam Kadmon.

Adam Kadmon
In Kabbalah, Adam Kadmon (אָדָם קַדְמוֹן, ʾāḏām qaḏmōn, “Primordial Man”) also called Adam Elyon (אָדָם עֶלִיוֹן, ʾāḏām ʿelyōn, “Most High Man”), or Adam Ila’ah (אָדָם עִילָּאָה, ʾāḏām ʿīllāʾā, “Most High Adam” in Aramaic), sometimes abbreviated as A’K (א”ק, ʾA.Q.), is the first of Four Worlds that came into being after the contraction of God's infinite light. Adam Kadmon is not the same as the physical Adam Ha-Rishon (אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן).

In Lurianic Kabbalah, the description of Adam Kadmon is anthropomorphic. Nonetheless, Adam Kadmon is divine light without vessels, i.e., pure potential. In the human psyche, Adam Kadmon corresponds to the yechidah, the collective essence of the soul.
Demetrios Vikelas
Demetrios Vikelas (/vɪˈkɛlɑːs/; Greek: Δημήτριος Βικέλας [viˈcelas]; 15 February 1835 – 20 July 1908) was a Greek businessman and writer; he was the co-founder and first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), from 1894 to 1896.

After a childhood spent in Greece and Istanbul, he found fortune in London, where he married. He then moved to Paris, on account of his wife. Abandoning business, he dedicated himself to literature and history, and published numerous novels, short stories and essays, which earned him a distinguished reputation.

Because of his reputation and the fact that he lived in Paris, he was chosen to represent Greece in a congress called by Pierre de Coubertin in June 1894, which decided to re-establish the Olympic Games and to organise them in Athens in 1896, designating Vikelas to preside over the organisation committee. After the Games were over, he stepped down, remaining in Athens until his death in 1908.

Pierre de Coubertin
Charles Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (French: [ʃaʁl pjɛʁ də fʁedi baʁɔ̃ də kubɛʁtɛ̃]; born Pierre de Frédy; 1 January 1863 – 2 September 1937), also known as Pierre de Coubertin and Baron de Coubertin, was a French educator and historian, co-founder of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and its second president. He is known as the father of the modern Olympic Games. He was particularly active in promoting the introduction of sport in French schools.

Born into a French aristocratic family, Coubertin became an academic and studied a broad range of topics, most notably education and history. He graduated with a degree in law and public affairs from the Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po). It was at the Paris Institute of Political Studies that he came up with the idea of reviving the Olympic Games.

The Pierre de Coubertin World Trophy and the Pierre de Coubertin Medal are named in his honour.
Möbius inversion formula
In mathematics, the classic Möbius inversion formula is a relation between pairs of arithmetic functions, each defined from the other by sums over divisors. It was introduced into number theory in 1832 by August Ferdinand Möbius.

A large generalization of this formula applies to summation over an arbitrary locally finite partially ordered set, with Möbius' classical formula applying to the set of the natural numbers ordered by divisibility: see incidence algebra.

Arithmetic function
In number theory, an arithmetic, arithmetical, or number-theoretic function is generally any function whose domain is the set of positive integers and whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. Hardy & Wright include in their definition the requirement that an arithmetical function "expresses some arithmetical property of n". There is a larger class of number-theoretic functions that do not fit this definition, for example, the prime-counting functions. This article provides links to functions of both classes.

An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value at a positive integer n is equal to the number of divisors of n.

Arithmetic functions are often extremely irregular (see table), but some of them have series expansions in terms of Ramanujan's sum.
Blitz: The League
Blitz: The League is an American football video game developed and published by Midway as an extension of their NFL Blitz series. It was released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in October 2005, after the National Football League (NFL) signed an exclusive licensing deal with Electronic Arts. Lawrence Taylor, who provides voice acting for the game, served as its official spokesman.

Blitz: The League was ported to the Xbox 360 in November 2006. This version of the game was banned in Australia. A portable version, titled Blitz: Overtime, was released on the PlayStation Portable in December 2006. These versions included the voicework and likeness of former NFL linebacker Bill Romanowski. The game was originally intended to be a launch title for the Wii, but the version was delayed and eventually canceled.

A sequel, titled Blitz: The League II, was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in 2008.

Blitz: The League II
Blitz: The League II is an American football video game developed and published by Midway as part of its  NFL Blitz series. It is a sequel to Blitz: The League. The game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on October 13, 2008. An original Xbox version was in development and rated by the German rating system USK. There are five new teams included in this installment: The Los Angeles Riot, Houston Riders, Vancouver Beavers, Milwaukee Hounds, and Atlanta 404; and four older teams have been relocated. Lawrence Taylor (L.T.) is featured in the game, reprising his role as Quentin Sands.

The game also alludes to real-life scandals involving NFL players and teams, such as Michael Vick's "Ron Mexico" controversy, the New England Patriots' "Spygate" scandal, and the Minnesota Vikings' boat scandal.
Pennsylvania Route 492
Pennsylvania Route 492 (PA 492, designated by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation as SR 492) is an 8.19-mile-long (13.18 km) state highway located in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in New Milford. The eastern terminus is at PA 92 in Jackson Township.

Pennsylvania Route 92
Pennsylvania Route 92 (PA 92) is a 66-mile-long (106 km) north–south state highway located in northeast Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in West Pittston. The northern terminus is at the New York-Pennsylvania border in Oakland Township, where the road continues northward as New York State Route 79 (NY 79).
Mauger, Count of Corbeil
Mauger (c. 988 – 1032) jure uxoris Count of Corbeil was the third son of Richard I of Normandy, and ruled as Count of Corbeil through his wife Germaine, either a daughter or granddaughter of Aymon, Count of Corbeil. "Corbeil" is thought to be the modern Corbeil-Essonnes on the River Seine about 17 miles south-east of Paris.

Richard I of Normandy
Richard I (28 August 932 – 20 November 996), also known as Richard the Fearless (French: Richard Sans-Peur; Old Norse: Jarl Rikard), was the count of Rouen from 942 to 996. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, whom Richard commissioned to write the "De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum" (Latin, "On the Customs and Deeds of the First Dukes of Normandy"), called him a dux. However, this use of the word may have been in the context of Richard's renowned leadership in war, and not as a reference to a title of nobility. Richard either introduced feudalism into Normandy or he greatly expanded it. By the end of his reign, the most important Norman landholders held their lands in feudal tenure.
Sediment basin
A sediment basin is a temporary pond built on a construction site to capture eroded or disturbed soil that is washed off during rain storms, and protect the water quality of a nearby stream, river, lake, or bay.  The sediment-laden soil settles in the pond before the runoff is discharged.  Sediment basins are typically used on construction sites of 5 acres (20,000 m2) or more, where there is sufficient room.  They are often used in conjunction with erosion controls and other sediment control practices.  On smaller construction sites, where a basin is not practical, sediment traps may be used.

Essential sediment abundance is prevalent in the construction industry which gives insight to future endeavors.

On some construction projects, the sediment basin is cleaned out after the soil disturbance (earth-moving) phase of the project, and modified to function as a permanent stormwater management system for the completed site, either as a detention basin or a retention basin.

Sediment control
A sediment control is a practice or device designed to keep eroded soil on a construction site, so that it does not wash off and cause water pollution to a nearby stream, river, lake, or sea. Sediment controls are usually employed together with erosion controls, which are designed to prevent or minimize erosion and thus reduce the need for sediment controls.  Sediment controls are generally designed to be temporary measures, however, some can be used for storm water management purposes.
Teusacá River
The Teusacá River is a river in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá and on the Bogotá savanna. It is a left tributary of the Bogotá River, Colombia. The river of 69 kilometres (43 mi) long originates at an elevation of 3,560 metres (11,680 ft) at the Alto Los Tunjos, Santa Fe, and flows northward through the municipalities La Calera, Guasca, Sopó, to flow into the Bogotá River in Cajicá at an elevation of 2,554 metres (8,379 ft). The upper part of the Teusacá River basin has a páramo ecosystem with the páramos of Chingaza, El Verjón and Cruz Verde surrounding the river. The San Rafael Reservoir in La Calera, important water source for the Colombian capital, is sourced by the Teusacá River.

Bogotá River
The Bogotá River is a major river of the Cundinamarca department of Colombia. A right tributary of the Magdalena River, the Bogotá River crosses the region from the northeast to the southwest and passing along the western limits of Bogotá. The large population and major industrial base in its watershed have resulted in extremely severe pollution problems for the river.
Bolsterstone
Bolsterstone is a village in South Yorkshire, England, south of Stocksbridge, and 8.5 miles to the northwest of the City of Sheffield and within the city borough. Part of the village lies within the border of the Peak District national park. Bolsterstone had a population of 386 in 2011.

Stocksbridge
Stocksbridge is a town and civil parish, it is encircled to the north and east by the southern edge of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, although since 1974 it lies within the borders of the City of Sheffield, in South Yorkshire, England. The town is approximately 9 miles (14 km) from Barnsley and 10 miles (16 km) from Sheffield.

Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it lies just to the east of the Peak District. The town is located in the steep-sided valley of the Little Don River, below the Underbank Reservoir. It blends into the areas of Deepcar, Bolsterstone and the eastern end of Ewden valley around Ewden village, which are also within the civil parish. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 13,455.
Nebraska Territory
The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. The territorial capital was Omaha. The territory encompassed areas of what is today Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, and Montana.

Historical regions of the United States
The territory of the United States and its overseas possessions has evolved over time, from the colonial era to the present day. It includes formally organized territories, proposed and failed states, unrecognized breakaway states, international and interstate purchases, cessions, and land grants, and historical military departments and administrative districts. The last section lists informal regions from American vernacular geography known by popular nicknames and linked by geographical, cultural, or economic similarities, some of which are still in use today.

For a more complete list of regions and subdivisions of the United States used in modern times, see List of regions of the United States.
Nikola Skobaljić
Nikola Skobaljić (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Скобаљић; 1430 – 16 November 1454) was a Serbian Voivode of Dubočica (region around Leskovac, Southern Serbia), during the rule of despot Đurađ Branković (1427–1456). He was seated at Zelen Grad (Skobaljić Grad), a fortified town just above modern town of Vučje.

Vučje
Vučje (Serbian Cyrillic: Вучје) is a town in southern Serbia, located some 15km south from the city of Leskovac, its municipal seat. The population of the town is 2,553 people (2022 census). It is known for its archaeological site, Zelen grad, ruins of a medieval town.
Bowmore distillery
55°45′25.7″N 6°17′23.44″W﻿ / ﻿55.757139°N 6.2898444°W﻿ / 55.757139; -6.2898444

Bowmore distillery (/boʊˈmɔːr/ boh-MOR, Scottish Gaelic: Taigh-staile Bogh Mòr) is a Islay single malt Scotch whisky distillery located on the Isle of Islay, an island of the Inner Hebrides.

The distillery, which lies on the South Eastern shore of Loch Indaal, is one of the oldest in Scotland. It is said to have been established in 1779 and is the oldest running distillery on Islay. The distillery is owned by Morrison Bowmore Distillers Ltd, a holding company owned by Suntory Global Spirits, a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan.

Islay single malts
Islay single malts are the single malt Scotch whiskies made on Islay (/ˈaɪlə/ EYE-lə) or Ìle in Gaelic, one of the southernmost of the Inner Hebridean Islands located off the west coast of Scotland. Islay is one of five whisky distilling localities and regions in Scotland whose identity is protected by law.

The region is characterised by whiskies with a peat smoke aroma, such as Laphroaig, Lagavulin and Ardbeg. In total, there are ten active distilleries on this island which measures only 25 by 15 miles (40 by 24 kilometres), and the industry is Islay's second largest employer after agriculture. Islay is a centre of "whisky tourism", and hosts a "Festival of Malt and Music" known as Fèis Ìle each year on the last week of May, with events and tastings celebrating the cultural heritage of the island.
General Shale
General Shale Brick, Inc. is an American manufacturer of clay bricks, stone products, masonry solutions, PVC pipes, and architectural building products. General Shale is the North American subsidiary of the Austrian company wienerberger.

Wienerberger
Wienerberger AG (stylised as wienerberger) is an Austrian building solutions and infrastructure systems company which is Europe's leading manufacturer of roof tiles and the world’s largest producer of bricks.

In addition to clay products, the company is one of the leading suppliers of plastic pipe in Europe. With its over 200 production sites, the Wienerberger Group generated revenues of €4,566 million and operating EBITDA of €754 million in 2025. It is based in Vienna, Austria. Founded in 1819, the company's shares have been listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange since 1869 and currently have a free float of 100%.
Wardomyces
Wardomyces is a genus of seven species of mould fungi in the family Microascaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1923 by Frederick Tom Brooks and Clifford Gerald Hansford. The generic name honours Harry Marshall Ward, Professor of Botany at Cambridge University. The type species, Wardomyces anomalus, was originally found as a mould growing on rabbit meat kept in cold storage. The most recent addition to the genus is W. moseri, described by Walter Gams in 1995. Found in Colombia, it was discovered growing on a dead petiole of moriche palm (Mauritia flexuosa).

Wardomyces moseri
Wardomyces moseri  is a species of mold in the family Microascaceae. It was described as new to science by Walter Gams in 1995. The specific epithet honours mycologist Meinhard Moser "on the occasion of his 70th birthday". The type locality was a riverbank in the savanna area east of Villavicencio, Colombia. The fungus was discovered growing on a dead petiole of moriche palm (Mauritia flexuosa). It differs from other Wardomyces by having conidia that are readily liberated.
Phoeniconaias proeses
Phoeniconaias proeses is an extinct species of flamingo from the Pliocene of Australia. Fossil material was described under several names including Ocyplanus proeses and Phoeniconaias gracilis, which were eventually found to be synonymous. Only material from the Tirari Formation has been dated, while most other material lacks precise information on its age. P. proeses was one of the smallest species of flamingo, smaller than the modern lesser flamingo which it may be related to.

Lesser flamingo
The lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) is a species of flamingo occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and western India. Birds are occasionally reported from farther north, but these are generally considered vagrants.
Pennydale, Victoria
Pennydale is a neighbourhood in the suburb of Cheltenham in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, approximately 17 km south-east of the Melbourne central business district. Pennydale lies within Cheltenham between Bay Road to the north, Jack Road to the west, Park Road to the south, and the Frankston railway line to the east. It is entirely within the local government area of the City of Bayside.

Cheltenham, Victoria
Cheltenham is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Bayside and Kingston local government areas. Cheltenham recorded a population of 23,992 at the 2021 census.

The eastern side of the area's metropolitan railway line and Charman Road north is located within the City of Kingston, while the suburb's western region towards extensive golf links, parks and Port Phillip Bay falls within the City of Bayside.
A significant feature in Cheltenham is Westfield Southland, a major shopping centre which opened in 1968.

Cheltenham is currently undergoing significant gentrification and urban development.