hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial management system
A Clinical Trial Management System (CTMS) is a software system used by biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to manage clinical trials in clinical research. The system maintains and manages planning, performing and reporting functions, along with participant contact information, tracking deadlines and milestones.

Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health. These research procedures are designed for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis or understanding of disease symptoms.

Clinical research is different from clinical practice: in clinical practice, established treatments are used to improve the condition of a person, while in clinical research, evidence is collected under rigorous study conditions on groups of people to determine the efficacy and safety of a treatment.
Charron Island
Charron Island (French: Île Charron) is an island in the Saint Lawrence River, the westernmost of the Îles de Boucherville archipelago, near Îles-de-Boucherville National Park to the northeast of Montreal. It is part of the city of Longueuil, and is connected to the mainland and the Island of Montreal by the Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel which carries Quebec Autoroute 25 and the Trans-Canada Highway.

Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel
The Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel (French: Pont-Tunnel Louis-Hippolyte-La Fontaine) is a highway bridge–tunnel running over and beneath the Saint Lawrence River. It connects the Montreal borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve with the south shore of the river at Longueuil, Quebec.

Named after Lower Canada political reformer Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, the Lafontaine Tunnel is an immersed tube structure, measuring 1,391 m (4,563.6 ft) long. It carries the Autoroute 25 expressway and passes beneath the main shipping channel in the Saint Lawrence River, immediately downstream from the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It surfaces on Île Charron (Îles de Boucherville at Exit 1 of Autoroute 25), then continues by bridge to Longueuil. The bridge-tunnel sees about 120,000 daily crossings, of which 13% are trucks. Construction began in 1963, and opening day was March 11, 1967.
Variation of parameters
In mathematics, variation of parameters, also known as variation of constants, is a general method to solve inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations.

For first-order inhomogeneous linear differential equations it is usually possible to find solutions via integrating factors or undetermined coefficients with considerably less effort, although those methods leverage heuristics that involve guessing and do not work for all inhomogeneous linear differential equations.

Variation of parameters extends to linear partial differential equations as well, specifically to inhomogeneous problems for linear evolution equations like the heat equation, wave equation, and vibrating plate equation.  In this setting, the method is more often known as Duhamel's principle, named after Jean-Marie Duhamel (1797–1872) who first applied the method to solve the inhomogeneous heat equation.  Sometimes variation of parameters itself is called Duhamel's principle and vice versa.

Integrating factor
In mathematics, an integrating factor is a function that is chosen to facilitate the solving of a given equation involving differentials. It is commonly used to solve non-exact ordinary differential equations, but is also used within multivariable calculus when multiplying through by an integrating factor allows an inexact differential to be made into an exact differential (which can then be integrated to give a scalar field). This is especially useful in thermodynamics where temperature becomes the integrating factor that makes entropy an exact differential.
Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.

Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
The Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Māgadhan languages, are spoken throughout the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent, which includes Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bengal region, Tripura, Assam, and Odisha; alongside other regions surrounding the northeastern Himalayan corridor. Bengali is official language of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, Tripura and the Barak Valley of Assam while Assamese and Odia are the official languages of Assam and Odisha, respectively. The Eastern Indo-Aryan languages descend from Abahattha, which descends from Magadhan Apabhraṃśa and ultimately from Magadhi Prakrit.
Indiana State Fair
The Indiana State Fair is an annual state fair that spans 15 days in August in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. The Indiana State Fair debuted in 1852 at Military Park in Indianapolis and is the sixth oldest state fair in the U.S. It is the largest event in the state, drawing between 730,000 and 980,000 visitors annually since 2010. In 2015, readers of USA Today ranked the Indiana State Fair among the ten best state fairs in the country.

The Indiana State Fairgrounds & Event Center has been the host site of the fair since 1892. Located about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of downtown Indianapolis, it encompasses 214 acres (87 ha), 72 buildings, a 6,000-seat grandstand, and a 1-mile (1.6 km) racetrack. The complex is home to year-round tenants and is used throughout the year for a variety of other gatherings, including trade shows, sporting events, and concerts.

Military Park (Indianapolis)
Military Park is the oldest urban park in Indianapolis, Indiana, covering 14 acres (6 ha). It is located in western downtown Indianapolis. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 28, 1969.
Koreyoshi Kurahara
Koreyoshi Kurahara (蔵原惟繕, Kurahara Koreyoshi) (31 May 1927 – 28 December 2002) was a Japanese screenwriter and director. He is perhaps best known for directing Antarctica (1983), which won several awards and was entered into the 34th Berlin International Film Festival. He also co-directed Hiroshima (1995) with Roger Spottiswoode, which was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries.

Antarctica (1983 film)
Antarctica (南極物語, Nankyoku Monogatari; lit. "South Pole Story") is a 1983 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara and starring Ken Takakura. Its plot centers on the 1958 ill-fated Japanese scientific expedition to the South Pole, its dramatic rescue from the severe weather conditions on the return journey, the relationship between the scientists and their loyal and hard-working Sakhalin huskies, particularly the lead dogs Taro and Jiro, and the fates of the 15 dogs left behind to fend for themselves.

The film was a big cinema hit globally, but particularly in Japan, where it held the box office record for Japanese-produced films, until it was eventually surpassed by Hayao Miyazaki's Princess Mononoke in 1997.

The original electronic synthesizer score was created by Greek composer Vangelis, who had recently written music for Chariots of Fire and Blade Runner. The soundtrack is available worldwide in various formats as Antarctica.
Robert J. Bradbury
Robert J. Bradbury (1956–2011) was a futurist and technology writer best known for originating the idea of the Matrioshka brain, a hypothetical star-powered megastructure composed of nested Dyson-like shells optimized for computation. The concept has since been discussed in scholarly and popular literature on megastructures, astroengineering, and far-future computation.

Matrioshka brain
A matrioshka brain is a hypothetical megastructure of immense computational capacity powered by a Dyson sphere. It was proposed in 1997 by Robert J. Bradbury (1956–2011). It is an example of a class-B stellar engine, employing the entire energy output of a star to drive computer systems. 
This concept derives its name from the nesting Russian matryoshka dolls.
The concept was deployed by Bradbury in the anthology Year Million: Science at the Far Edge of Knowledge.
Picotechnology
The term picotechnology is a portmanteau of picometre and technology, intended to parallel the term nanotechnology. It is a hypothetical future level of technological manipulation of matter, on the scale of trillionths of a metre or picoscale (10−12). This is three orders of magnitude smaller than a nanometre (and thus most nanotechnology) and two orders of magnitude smaller than most chemistry transformations and measurements. Picotechnology would involve the manipulation of matter at the atomic level. A further hypothetical development, femtotechnology, would involve working with matter at the subatomic level.

Femtotechnology
Femtotechnology is a term used in reference to the hypothetical manipulation of matter on the scale of a femtometer, or 10−15 m. This is three orders of magnitude lower than picotechnology, at the scale of 10−12 m, and six orders of magnitude lower than nanotechnology, at the scale of 10−9 m.
Best Overend
Acheson Best Overend ARAIA ARIBA (15 October 1909 – 28 July 1977) was a Melbourne based Australian architect. He is best known for the Cairo Flats in Fitzroy, built 1935–1936, a daringly Modernist design for Melbourne in the 1930s.

Australian Institute of Architects
The Australian Institute of Architects, officially the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (abbreviated as RAIA), is Australia's professional body for architects. Its members use the post-nominals FRAIA (Fellow), ARAIA (Associate Member) and RAIA (Member, also the organisation's abbreviation). The Institute supports 14,000 members across Australia, including 550 Australian members who are based in architectural roles across 40 countries outside Australia. SONA (Student Organised Network for Architecture) is the national student-membership body of the Australian Institute of Architects. EmAGN (Emerging Architects and Graduates Network) represents architectural professionals within 15 years of graduation, as part of the Australian Institute of Architects.
Jari-Matti Latvala
Jari-Matti Johannes Latvala (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjɑriˌmɑtːi ˈlɑt.ʋɑ.lɑ]; born 3 April 1985) is a Finnish rally driver who has competed in the World Rally Championship (WRC). His co-driver for most of his career was Miikka Anttila, who co-drove for Latvala between the 2003 Rallye Deutschland and 2019 Rally Catalunya. He is well known for his aggressive driving style, which earns him many plaudits, and comparisons to the late Colin McRae. With 18 event victories in the WRC, he is one of the most successful drivers to not have won a championship. Latvala is also the driver with the most World Rally starts in the sport which he achieved in 2019, 17 years after his debut.

Starting in 2021, Latvala served as the team principal of Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, replacing Tommi Mäkinen.

Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT
The Toyota Gazoo Racing World Rally Team is a competitor of the World Rally Championship (WRC) based in Finland, serving as the entry for the car manufacturer Toyota. Its team principal is former WRC driver Jari-Matti Latvala and its drivers for 2023 include reigning champion Kalle Rovanperä, alongside Elfyn Evans, Takamoto Katsuta and Sébastien Ogier. The team made its debut during the 2017 season, where it entered the Toyota Yaris WRC.

The team is a separate operational unit to the Toyota Gazoo Racing team that competes in the World Endurance Championship, but both are a part of Toyota Gazoo Racing Europe.

In 2018, the team won the championship for manufacturers, Toyota's first since 1999, followed by more wins in 2021 and 2022. The team have also delivered championship titles for drivers and co-drivers from 2019 to 2023.
Spring Framework
The Spring Framework is an application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform. The framework's core features can be used by any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Jakarta EE platform. The framework does not impose any specific programming model. The framework has become popular in the Java community as an addition to the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) model. The Spring Framework is free and open source software.: 121–122

Spring Boot
Free and open-source software portal

Spring Boot is an open-source Java framework used for programming standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications with a bundle of libraries that make project startup and management easier. Spring Boot is a convention-over-configuration extension for the Spring Java platform intended to help minimize configuration concerns while creating Spring-based applications. The application can still be adjusted for specific needs, but the initial Spring Boot project provides a preconfigured "opinionated view" of the best configuration to use with the Spring platform and selected third-party libraries.

Spring Boot can be used to build microservices, web applications, and console applications.
Oleksandr Udovychenko
Oleksandr Ivanovych Udovychenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Іванович Удовиченко 20 February; 1887 – 19 April 1975) was a general of the Army of the Ukrainian National Republic and a military administrator. Later, he served as the Vice-President for the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile.

Ukrainian People's Army
The Ukrainian People's Army (Ukrainian: Армія Української Народної Республіки, romanized: Armiia Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky), also known as the Ukrainian National Army (UNA) or by the derogatory term Petliurivtsi (Ukrainian: Петлюрівці, lit. '"Petliura's people"'), was the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921). They were often quickly reorganized and Ukrainized units of the former Imperial Russian Army and newly formed volunteer detachments that later joined the national armed forces. The army lacked a certain degree of uniformity, adequate leadership to keep discipline and morale. Unlike the Ukrainian Galician Army, the Ukrainian People's Army did not manage to evolve a solid organizational structure, and consisted mostly of volunteer units, not regulars.
Canadian Tamil Congress
The Canadian Tamil Congress (CTC; French: Congrès Tamoul Canadien) is a Canadian non-profit organization that serves Tamil Canadians since October 2000 and has 11 chapters. The objectives of the Canadian Tamil Congress are: to promote the participation of Tamil Canadians in activities of local, regional, provincial and national importance; to uphold the Canadian values of human rights, multiculturalism, religious and cultural diversity, pluralism, and volunteerism; to champion for equal rights and in particular, gender equality; to support the cultural and political aspirations of Tamils. The organization also promotes the study and knowledge of Tamil language, culture and history within the Canadian context. The CTC also works on adjustment/settlement issues.

Canada is home to a large Tamil Canadian community. Thousands of Tamils arrived in Canada during the 1980s and 1990s, particularly as a result of Black July ethnic riots which ravaged Sri Lanka.

Tamil Canadians
Tamil Canadians, or Canadian Tamils, are Canadians of Tamil ethno-linguistic origin. Much of Canada's Tamil diaspora consists of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees who sought to flee the ethnic tensions during the Sri Lankan Civil War between the 1970s and 2000s, while economic Tamil migrants also originate from India, Singapore and other parts of South Asia.

Canada's Tamil population is among the largest in the Western world, with Toronto being home to one of the largest Tamil-speaking populations outside of Asia.

From a population of fewer than 150 in 1983, Tamils have become one of the largest ethnic groups within the Greater Toronto Area, and form an increasing share of the overall Canadian population. As per the 2021 Canadian census, Tamil Canadians number approximately 240,000 and account for roughly 0.7% of Canada's population.
Vijayvargiya
Vijayvargiya (also Vijayvargia, Vijayvergiya, Vijaywargiya, Vijayvergia, Vijay) is a merchant or (Vaishya-Baniya) community mainly from Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

According to tradition, it originated from the historical Khandela town in northern Rajasthan. Maheshwaris and Khandelwal communities also trace their origin to Khandela.

They mainly live in Rajasthan ( in Jodhpur, Tonk, Bharatpur, Jaipur, Ajmer, Bhilwara, Chittaurgarh, Udaipur, Kota and Bikaner districts) and western Madhya Pradesh ( in Rajgarh, Nimach, Mandsour, Ratlam, Indore, Guna, Bhopal and also in Gwalior districts) . They are also located at Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Agra, Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Pune, Delhi, Faridabad, Ballabgarh, Chennai, Chandigarh, Bangalore, Nagpur, Gurgaon, Ranchi, Jhansi, America. They are mainly Vaishanava(Vaishya). The Ram Snehi sect was founded by Swami Ram Charan (1718–1798) at Shahpura, Bhilwara by establishing Ramdwara was born in this community.

Ram Charan (guru)
Ram Charan (Hindi: राम चारण) (1720–1799))  is the Rajasthani Hindu guru, inspirator of a religious tradition called  Ramsnehi Sampradaya or Ramdwara. He initiated and illustrated Nirguna (absolute) Bhakti, although he was not against Saguna Bhakti. He initiated and tried to eliminate "show", blind faith, hypocrisy and misled existing in the Hindu religion and preferred to worship the 'name of God', Rama, over God, to not get involved in false "show" activities.
Luo Rui
Luo Rui (simplified Chinese: 罗蕊; traditional Chinese: 羅蕊, born 26 November 2005) is a Chinese former artistic gymnast. She is the 2021 World bronze medalist on the uneven bars. She is the 2022 Chinese uneven bars champion and the 2019 Chinese junior all-around champion. She was one of China's alternates for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

2021 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2021 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Kitakyushu, Japan from October 18–24, 2021. The competition took place at the Kitakyushu City General Gymnasium. It was the third time that Japan hosted the event, following the 1995 and 2011 editions.

The competition was originally scheduled to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark, before the Danish Gymnastics Federation withdrew from hosting in July 2020. In November 2020, the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique announced Kitakyushu as the replacement host city for the same dates.

Although the World Championships are traditionally not held in Olympic years, the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics caused the 2021 event to fall during the same year. The last time the Olympics and the World Championships were held in the same year was in 1996.
Gulaman
Gulaman, in Filipino cuisine, is a bar, or powdered form, of dried agar or carrageenan extracted from edible seaweed used to make jelly-like desserts. In common usage, it also usually refers to the refreshment sago't gulaman, sometimes referred to as samalamig, sold at roadside stalls and vendors.

Edible seaweed
Edible seaweeds are seaweeds that can be eaten and used for culinary purposes. They typically contain high amounts of fiber. They may belong to one of several groups of multicellular algae: the red algae, green algae, and brown algae. Seaweeds are also harvested or cultivated for the extraction of polysaccharides such as alginate, agar and carrageenan, gelatinous substances collectively known as hydrocolloids or phycocolloids. Hydrocolloids have attained commercial significance, especially in food production as food additives. The food industry exploits the gelling, water-retention, emulsifying and other physical properties of these hydrocolloids.

Seaweed as food is particularly popular in East Asia.

Most edible seaweeds are marine algae, a group containing few toxic (though some deadly) species, while freshwater algae are mostly toxic.
Major County, Oklahoma
Major County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, its population was 7,782. Its county seat is Fairview. The county was created in 1907.

Located in northwestern Oklahoma, Major County is bounded by Woods and Alfalfa counties in the north, Garfield County on the east, Kingfisher, Blaine, and Dewey on the south, and Woodward on the west. Major County has 957.87 square miles of land and water. It is drained by the North Canadian and Cimarron Rivers, and the Eagle Chief, Griever, and Sand Creeks.

Woods County, Oklahoma
Woods County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,624. Its county seat is Alva. The county is named after Samuel Newitt Wood, a renowned Kansas populist.
U.S. Route 1 in Georgia
U.S. Highway 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Georgia, which is concurrent for almost its entire length with State Route 4 (SR 4), is a highway traversing south–north through portions of Charlton, Ware, Bacon, Appling, Toombs, Emanuel, Jefferson, and Richmond counties in the southeastern and east-central parts of the state. In Georgia, the highway originates at US 1/US 23/US 301/State Road 15 (SR 15) at the St. Marys River and the Florida state line, where SR 4 reach their southern terminus. It travels to the Savannah River at the South Carolina state line in Augusta where the route continues to North Augusta, South Carolina. Here, SR 10 reaches its eastern terminus.

U.S. Route 82 in Georgia
U.S. Route 82 (US 82) is a 232-mile-long (373 km) U.S. Highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels from the Chattahoochee River at Georgetown to its eastern end, southwest of Brunswick. It travels through such cities as Cuthbert, Dawson, Albany, Sylvester, Tifton, Pearson, Waycross, and Nahunta.

In Georgia, every U.S. Highway has at least one state highway with which it travels concurrently. US 82 uses SR 50 from its western start to Dawson and SR 520 from Dawson to its eastern end.

SR 50 formerly extended across the state and ended in Jekyll Island. In 1981, it was truncated to Dawson, with its former path redesignated as SR 520. US 82 formerly ended in Midway. In 1989, US 82 and US 84 east of Waycross were swapped.