hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marvel Snap
Marvel Snap is a digital collectible card game developed by Second Dinner and published by Nuverse for Android, iOS, and Windows. The game features a collection of different characters from the Marvel Universe. The game was released on October 18, 2022, after a period of beta testing.

Access to the game in the United States was briefly restricted on January 19, 2025, due to the implementation of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (PAFACA) banning software owned or published by ByteDance, which owns the game's then-publisher Nuverse. The restrictions were later removed, and the developers have since announced that they would work with US company Skystone Games to bring publishing duties in-house.

Digital collectible card game
A digital collectible card game (DCCG) or online collectible card game (OCCG) is a computer or video game that emulates collectible card games (CCG) and is typically played online or occasionally as a standalone video game. Many DCCGs are types of digital tabletop games and follow traditional card game-style rules, while some DCCGs use alternatives for cards and gameboards, such as icons, dice and avatars. Originally, DCCGs started out as replications of a CCG's physical counterpart, but many DCCGs have foregone a physical version and exclusively release as a video game, such as with Hearthstone.
The Dean Martin Show
The Dean Martin Show is a TV variety-comedy series that ran from 1965 to 1974 for 264 episodes. It was broadcast by NBC and hosted by Dean Martin. The theme song to the series was his 1964 hit "Everybody Loves Somebody".

The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast
The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast is an American series of television specials hosted by entertainer Dean Martin and airing from 1974 to 1984. For a series of 54 specials and shows, Martin and his friends would "roast" a celebrity. The roasts were patterned after the roasts held at the New York Friars' Club.
Antiprism graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, an antiprism graph is a graph that has one of the antiprisms as its skeleton. An n-sided antiprism has 2n vertices and 4n edges. They are regular, polyhedral (and therefore by necessity also 3-vertex-connected, vertex-transitive, and planar graphs), and also Hamiltonian graphs.

Antiprism
In geometry, an n-gonal antiprism or n-antiprism is a polyhedron composed of two parallel direct copies (not mirror images) of an n-sided polygon, connected by an alternating band of 2n triangles. They are represented by the Conway notation An.

Antiprisms are a subclass of prismatoids, and are a (degenerate) type of snub polyhedron.

Antiprisms are similar to prisms, except that the bases are twisted relatively to each other, and that the side faces (connecting the bases) are 2n triangles, rather than n quadrilaterals.

The dual polyhedron of an n-gonal antiprism is an n-gonal trapezohedron.
The Lead (EP)
The Lead is the debut extended play by English girl group Flo. It was released on 8 July 2022, through Island Records. It was preceded by two singles: "Cardboard Box" and "Immature".

The debut extended play was produced by MNEK, except "Another Guy (Acoustic)". On 14 September 2022, the English trio re-released the extended play which served as a deluxe, with a promotional single: "Not My Job".

MNEK
Uzoechi Osisioma "Uzo" EmenikeListenⓘ (/ˈuːzoʊtʃi ˌɛməˈniːkeɪ/; born 9 November 1994), professionally known by his stage name MNEK (/ˌɛməˈniːkeɪ/ EM-ə-NEE-kay; a gramogram of Emenike), is a British singer, songwriter and record producer. He has been nominated for two Grammy Awards and a Brit Award, and has received the ASCAP Vanguard Award. His writing and production credits include H.E.R., Jax Jones, Zara Larsson, Little Mix, Dua Lipa, Flo, Sugababes, Clean Bandit, Julia Michaels, Måneskin, Craig David, Christina Aguilera, Becky Hill, Joel Corry, Selena Gomez, Years & Years, Kid Cudi, Kylie Minogue, Beyoncé, Hailee Steinfeld, Madonna, KSI, Mabel and Twice.
Neume
A neume (/njuːm/; sometimes spelled neum) is the basic element of Western and some Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.

The earliest neumes were inflective marks that indicated the general shape but not necessarily the exact notes or rhythms to be sung. Later developments included the use of heightened neumes that showed the relative pitches between neumes, and the creation of a four-line musical staff that identified particular pitches. Neumes do not generally indicate rhythm, but additional symbols were sometimes juxtaposed with neumes to indicate changes in articulation, duration, or tempo. Neumatic notation was later used in medieval music to indicate certain patterns of rhythm called rhythmic modes, and eventually evolved into modern musical notation. Neumatic notation remains standard in modern editions of plainchant.

Rhythmic mode
In medieval music, the rhythmic modes were set patterns of long and short durations (or rhythms). The value of each note is not determined by the form of the written note (as is the case with more recent European musical notation), but rather by its position within a group of notes written as a single figure called a ligature, and by the position of the ligature relative to other ligatures. Modal notation was developed by the composers of the Notre Dame school from 1170 to 1250, replacing the even and unmeasured rhythm of early polyphony and plainchant with patterns based on the metric feet of classical poetry, and was the first step towards the development of modern mensural notation. The rhythmic modes of Notre Dame Polyphony were the first coherent system of rhythmic notation developed in Western music since antiquity.
Paul Farthing
William Dudley Paul Farthing (April 12, 1887 – December 2, 1976) was an American jurist who served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1933 until 1942 and on the Illinois Court of Claims from 1950 until 1954. Before this, he served as a St. Clair County Circuit Court from  1930 until 1933. Farthing was blind for most of his life, having loss his eyesight in a hunting accident at the age of twelve.

In 1949, President Harry Truman short-listed him as a possible nominee for the United States Supreme Court.

Harry S. Truman Supreme Court candidates
During his two terms in office, President Harry S. Truman appointed four members of the Supreme Court of the United States: Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, Associate Justice Harold H. Burton, Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, and Associate Justice Sherman Minton.
Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
Instrumentality of Mankind
In the science fiction of Cordwainer Smith, the Instrumentality of Mankind refers to two things: Smith's personal future history and universe, and the central government of humanity within that fictional universe. The Instrumentality of Mankind is also the title of a paperback collection of short stories by Cordwainer Smith published in 1979. (This collection is now superseded by the later book The Rediscovery of Man, which collects all of Smith's short stories.)

The Rediscovery of Man
The Rediscovery of Man: The Complete Short Science Fiction of Cordwainer Smith (ISBN 0-915368-56-0) is a 1993 book containing the complete collected short fiction of American science fiction author Cordwainer Smith. It was edited by James A. Mann and published by NESFA Press.

Most of the stories take place in Smith's future history set in the universe of the Instrumentality of Mankind; the collection is arranged in the chronological order in which the stories take place in the fictional timeline. The collection also contains short stories which do not take place in this universe.

Within the context of the future history, the Rediscovery of Mankind refers to the Instrumentality's re-introduction of chance and unhappiness into the sterile utopia that they had created for humanity. Other than Smith's novel, Norstrilia, which takes place in the same future history, the book collects all of Smith's known science fiction writing.
Joseph Lin (violinist)
Joseph Lin (Chinese: 林以信; pinyin: Lín Yǐxìn; born 1978) is a Taiwanese-American violinist. From 2011 to 2018, he was the first violinist of the Juilliard String Quartet. Currently, he is on the violin and chamber music faculty of the Juilliard School in New York City.

Juilliard String Quartet
The Juilliard String Quartet (JSQ) is a classical music string quartet founded in 1946 at the Juilliard School in New York by William Schuman and Robert Mann. Since its inception, it has been the quartet-in-residence at the Juilliard School. It has received numerous awards, including four Grammys and membership in the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame. In February 2011, the group received the NARAS Lifetime Achievement Award for its outstanding contributions to recorded classical music.

As of 2025, the quartet's members are violinists Areta Zhulla and Leonard Fu, violist Molly Carr, and cellist Astrid Schween.
Norfolk, Nebraska
Norfolk is a city in Madison County, Nebraska, United States, 113 miles (182 km) northwest of Omaha and 76 miles southwest of Sioux City, Iowa, at the intersection of U.S. Routes 81 and 275. The population was 24,955 at the 2020 census, making it the seventh-most populous city in Nebraska. It is the principal city of the Norfolk Micropolitan Statistical Area.

U.S. Route 275
U.S. Route 275 (US 275) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that is a branch of US 75. It originally terminated at US 75 in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The highway's northern terminus is in O'Neill, Nebraska, at an intersection with US 20 and US 281. Its southern terminus is near Rock Port, Missouri, at an intersection with US 136.
WXMS-LP
WXMS-LP (channel 27) was a low-power television station in Jackson, Mississippi, United States, which was last affiliated with MeTV. It was owned by American Spirit Media as a sister station to Fox affiliate WDBD (channel 40), and operated by Raycom Media, then-owner of NBC affiliate WLBT (channel 3).

WDBD
WDBD (channel 40) is a television station in Jackson, Mississippi, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by American Spirit Media, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Media, owner of NBC affiliate WLBT (channel 3), for the provision of certain services; it is also sister to Vicksburg-licensed MyNetworkTV outlet WLOO (channel 35). Although technically owned by Tougaloo College, WLOO is actually controlled by American Spirit through a separate joint sales agreement (JSA), with Gray providing limited engineering support. The three stations share studios on South Jefferson Street in downtown Jackson; WDBD's transmitter is located on Thigpen Road southeast of Raymond, Mississippi.
Colostomy
A colostomy is an opening (stoma) in the large intestine (colon), or the surgical procedure that creates one. The opening is formed by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place. This opening, often in conjunction with an attached ostomy system, provides an alternative channel for feces to leave the body. Thus if the natural anus is unavailable for that function (for example, in cases where it has been removed as part of treatment for colorectal cancer or ulcerative colitis), an artificial anus takes over. It may be reversible or irreversible, depending on the circumstances.

Ostomy system
An ostomy pouching system is a prosthetic medical device that provides a means for the collection of waste from a surgically diverted biological system (colon, ileum, bladder) and the creation of a stoma. Pouching systems are most commonly associated with colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies.

Pouching systems usually consist of a collection pouch, a barrier on the skin, and connect with the stoma itself, which is the part of the body that has been diverted to the skin. The system may be a one-piece system consisting only of a bag or, in some instances involve a device placed on the skin with a collection pouch that is attached mechanically or with an adhesive in an airtight seal, known as a two-piece system.

The system used varies between individuals and is often based on the medical reason, personal preference and lifestyle.
Principality of Mataranga
The Principality of Mataranga (Albanian: Principata e Matarangës; 1358–1367) was a short-lived medieval Albanian principality located between the Shkumbin and Seman rivers, in what is today the Myzeqe region of southwestern Albania. Initially under the overlordship of the Serbian Empire, the principality emerged following the empire's decline after the death of Stefan Dušan in 1355. Ruled by Blasius Mataranga, a member of the notable Mataranga noble family, the principality maintained de facto independence during this period, with diplomatic and trade relations with the Republic of Ragusa. It lasted until 1367, when much of its territory was absorbed by the neighboring Principality of Albania, ruled by the Thopia family, and the Principality of Muzaka, ruled by the Muzaka family.

Mataranga family
The Mataranga, Matranga, Matarango or Matrangolo (Matrënga in Albanian) were an Albanian noble family during the 13th and 15th centuries which ruled the Principality of Mataranga. Members of this family included local rulers, Byzantine officials and writers. After the occupation of Albania by the Ottoman Empire, part of the family emigrated to Italy and settled in the Arbëresh villages of Piana degli Albanesi and Santa Cristina Gela in Southern Italy, where they have continued to maintain  the Arbëresh language.
Nikolay Karpol
Nikolay Vasiliyevich Karpol  (Russian: Николай Васильевич Карполь; born 1 May 1938) is a Russian women's volleyball coach and a longstanding coach of the Soviet national team (then the Commonwealth of Independent States team of 1992 following the collapse of the USSR) and later the Russia women's national volleyball team. Known as The Howling Bear, Karpol was a regular at the Olympic Games, with his teams usually earning a last call on the Olympic podium, winning gold medals in 1980 and 1988 and taking the silver medals in 1992, 2000, and 2004, for a total of five Olympic medals. In 2020, he set a new world record by coaching Uralochka for 51 years.

Karpol coached the Soviet women to the gold medal at the 1990 Goodwill Games in Seattle and the Russian women to the gold medal at the 1994 Goodwill Games in Saint Petersburg.

In 2009, Karpol was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

Soviet Union women's national volleyball team
The Soviet Union women's national volleyball team was the national volleyball team that had represented the Soviet Union in the International competitions between 1952 until 1991.

FIVB considers Russia as the inheritor of the records of Soviet Union (1952–1991) and CIS (1992).
The USSR Volleyball Federation joined the FIVB in 1948, a year after the foundation of the international governing body. In 1952, they triumphed in the first ever FIVB Women's World Championship and have been dominating the international scene ever since, having won Four Summer Olympics, Five World Championships, one World Cup and 13 European Championships.
Anveshanam
Anveshanam (transl. Investigation) is a 2020 Indian Malayalam-language mystery thriller film directed by Prasobh Vijayan and produced by E4 Entertainment. The film stars Jayasurya, Shruthi Ramachandran, Vijay Babu, and Leona Lishoy. It was released on 31 January 2020.

Shruti Ramachandran
Shruti Ramachandran is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Malayalam cinema. She co-wrote the "Ilamai Idho Idho" segment in the 2020 Tamil anthology film Putham Pudhu Kaalai. In 2020, she won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist for her work in Kamala. In 2022, she won the Critics' mention for best actress by the Kerala Film Critics' Association for her work in Madhuram.
Parliament of Tunisia
The Tunisian Parliament (Arabic: البرلمان التونسي al-Barlamān at-Tūnsī) is the bicameral institution exercising the legislative power of the Tunisian Republic. After the election of a constituent assembly in 1956, the Constitution of 1959 created the National Assembly, which became the Chamber of Deputies in 1981. The constitutional reform of 1 June 2002 created a second chamber, the parliament thus becoming bicameral; it is therefore composed of the Chamber of Deputies, which has become the lower house, and the Chamber of Advisors, the new upper house.

During the transitional period following the 2011 revolution, parliament once again had a single chamber, the constituent assembly, a configuration confirmed by the creation of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People (ARP) by the 2014 Constitution. The Tunisian Constitution of 2022 restores an upper house, called the National Council of Regions and Districts (NCRD).

National Council of Regions and Districts
The National Council of Regions and Districts (Arabic: المجلس الوطني للجهات والأقاليم) is the upper house of the Parliament of Tunisia since the promulgation of the New Constitution approved during the constitutional referendum of 25 July 2022.
Colorado Belle
The Colorado Belle is a former casino hotel on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada, owned and operated by Golden Entertainment. Initially closed on March 17, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on May 18, 2020, Golden Entertainment announced that the Colorado Belle would remain closed "indefinitely," even after casinos were allowed to reopen. As of March 2025, the property remains closed.

The Colorado Belle is a fixed building made to look like a six-deck replica of a 19th-century Mississippi River paddle steamer riverboat, with 1,168 rooms in two seven-story towers. The casino had 42,706 sq ft (3,967.5 m2) of gaming space with 750 slot machines, and 16 table games. The hotel had three restaurants: The Loading Dock, Big Easy Deli, and Pints brewery. The resort also included two pools, a fitness room, two gift shops, a koi pond and an arcade.

Golden Entertainment
Golden Entertainment, Inc. is an American gambling company based in Enterprise, Nevada that operates casinos and taverns. It was formed in 2015 by the merger of Golden Gaming (founded in 2001 by Blake Sartini) and Lakes Entertainment. It is the largest tavern operator in Nevada. In October 2017, the company completed an $850 million acquisition of American Casino & Entertainment Properties. The company now has eight casino resorts, all located in Southern Nevada.
Dean Drayton
Rodney Dean Drayton (born 1941) is a minister of the Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) and was President of the UCA Assembly from July 2003 to July 2006. He lectures on a part-time basis in missiology at Sydney's United Theological College (UTC).

United Theological College (Sydney)
The United Theological College (UTC) is an Australian theological college and a founding member of Charles Sturt University's School of Theology. As well as providing undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in all areas of theology, the UTC trains ministry candidates for the Uniting Church in Australia Synod of New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory.
Mennen
Mennen is a brand owned in most parts of the world by the Colgate-Palmolive Company. Its most notable product, Mennen Speed Stick, with its fougère perfume and green wide stick, was the US market leader among deodorants and antiperspirants for men for many years. It was also noted for its Lady Speed Stick deodorant and Teen Spirit deodorant, which was the leader in teenage girls' deodorants during the early 1990s.

In France, the Mennen branding is owned by L'Oréal through its Mennen-LASCAD subsidiary, for a line of men's grooming products.

Speed Stick
Speed Stick is an American  brand of deodorant/antiperspirant produced by multinational healthcare company Colgate-Palmolive. It was formerly known as "Mennen Speed Stick" prior to Colgate-Palmolive's purchase of The Mennen Company. Currently, the products feature the words "by Mennen" in a small font on the label. Speed Stick comes in both deodorant and antiperspirant forms. Speed Stick is both a sponsor and the official antiperspirant of the NHL.

Speed Stick comes in forms for men and women (Lady Speed Stick) and in stronger "24/7" forms. Both Speed Stick  and Lady Speed Stick are available in stick and gel form.

Speed Stick product types include 24/7, Pro, Stain Guard, Irish Spring, and Original.
Andrés Acuña
Andrés Acuña (born September 11, 1995) is a Costa Rican racquetball player. He is the current World Games champion in racquetball, winning gold at the 2022 World Games, in Birmingham, Alabama.
Acuña is a former Pan American Champion in Men's Doubles (with Gabriel Garcia), winning the title in 2024 in Guatemala City. He was runner up at the 2021 International Racquetball Federation (IRF)  2021 World Championships in Men's Singles in Guatemala.

2024 Pan American Racquetball Championships
The 2024 Pan American Racquetball Championships were held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 23–30. Argentina's Maria Jose Vargas won both Women's Singles and Women's Doubles with Natalia Mendez. Mexican Rodrigo Montoya won Men's Singles, and Costa Ricans Andrés Acuña and Gabriel Garcia won Men's Doubles. Americans Sam Bredenbeck and Michelle Key won Mixed Doubles. There was also a Men's and Women's Team competition, which was won by Mexico and Argentina, respectively.
Zakai equation
In filtering theory the Zakai equation is a linear stochastic partial differential equation for the un-normalized density of a hidden state.  In contrast, the Kushner equation gives a non-linear stochastic partial differential equation for the normalized density of the hidden state.  In principle either approach allows one to estimate a quantity function (the state of a dynamical system) from noisy measurements, even when the system is non-linear (thus generalizing the earlier results of Wiener and Kalman for linear systems and solving a central problem in estimation theory).  The application of this approach to a specific engineering situation may be problematic however, as these equations are quite complex. The Zakai equation is a bilinear stochastic partial differential equation. It was named after Moshe Zakai.

Kushner equation
In filtering theory the Kushner equation (after Harold Kushner) is an equation for the conditional probability density of the state of a stochastic non-linear dynamical system, given noisy measurements of the state.  It therefore provides the solution of the nonlinear filtering problem in estimation theory. The equation is sometimes referred to as the Stratonovich–Kushner (or Kushner–Stratonovich) equation. However, the correct equation in terms of Itō calculus was first derived by Kushner although a more heuristic Stratonovich version of it appeared already in Stratonovich's works in late fifties. However, the derivation in terms of Itō calculus is due to Richard Bucy.