hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cyclic redundancy check
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents. On retrieval, the calculation is repeated and, in the event the check values do not match, corrective action can be taken against data corruption. CRCs can be used for error correction (see bitfilters).

CRCs are so called because the check (data verification) value is a redundancy (it expands the message without adding information) and the algorithm is based on cyclic codes. CRCs are popular because they are simple to implement in binary hardware, easy to analyze mathematically, and particularly good at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels.  Because the check value has a fixed length, the function that generates it is occasionally used as a hash function.

Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of the binary message string, with a fixed number of zeroes appended, by the "generator polynomial" string except that exclusive or operations replace subtractions.  Division of this type is efficiently realised in hardware by a modified shift register, and in software by a series of equivalent algorithms, starting with simple code close to the mathematics and becoming faster (and arguably more obfuscated) through byte-wise parallelism and space–time tradeoffs.

Various CRC standards extend the polynomial division algorithm by specifying an initial shift register value, a final Exclusive-Or step and, most critically, a bit ordering (endianness).  As a result, the code seen in practice deviates confusingly from "pure" division, and the register may shift left or right.
Social Democratic Women in Sweden
The Social Democratic Women in Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges socialdemokratiska kvinnoförbund [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs sʊsɪˈɑ̂ːldɛmʊˌkrɑːtɪska ˈkvɪ̂nːʊfœrˌbɵnd]), or simply "S-women" (S-kvinnor [ˈɛ̂sːˌkvɪnːʊr] ⓘ), is the women's wing of the Swedish Social Democratic Party.

It was established in 1920 by representatives from 120 local Social Democratic women’s clubs from all over Sweden.  At the time of its foundation, there had been local women's clubs of the Party since the foundation of the Stockholms allmänna kvinnoklubb in 1892, but there was no national women's club.  The most important reason for the funding of a national women’s league was to promote and activate women politically, as well as to acquire access to power and provide a political power base for women.

Its chairperson, since October 2021, is Annika Strandhäll.

Stockholms Allmänna Kvinnoklubb
Stockholms Allmänna Kvinnoklubb (literally: 'Stockholm Women's General Club') was founded in Stockholm 11 June 1892, and became a part of the Swedish Social Democratic Party the same year. It is referred to as the foundation of the women's organisation within the social democratic worker's movement in Sweden. It was the first social democratic women's club to be officially a part of the party, and the first of many local clubs of the same kind. The club organized the social democratic women within the Swedish working class movement by establishing local women's clubs and enlisting working women in the trade unions.
Tipton
Tipton is an industrial Black Country town in the metropolitan borough of Sandwell, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It had a population of 38,777 at the 2011 UK Census. It is located northwest of Birmingham and southeast of Wolverhampton. It is also contiguous with Darlaston, Dudley, Wednesbury and Bilston.

Historically within Staffordshire and briefly Worcestershire. It is located between Wolverhampton and Birmingham. It incorporates the surrounding villages and suburbs of Tipton Green, Ocker Hill, Dudley Port, Horseley Heath and Great Bridge.

Tipton was an urban district until 1938, when it became a municipal borough. Much of the Borough of Tipton was transferred into West Bromwich County Borough in 1966, but parts of the old borough were absorbed into an expanded Dudley borough and the newly created County Borough of Warley. Along with the rest of West Bromwich and Warley, Tipton was moved into the Sandwell Metropolitan Borough in 1974.

Dudley Port railway station
Dudley Port railway station serves the Dudley Port and Great Bridge areas of Tipton, West Midlands, England. Situated on both the Stour Valley Line and Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line, the station is operated by West Midlands Railway.
2013 International V8 Supercars Championship
The 2013 International V8 Supercars Championship (often simplified to the 2013 V8 Supercars Championship) was a FIA-sanctioned international motor racing series for V8 Supercars. It was the fifteenth running of the V8 Supercars Championship and the seventeenth series in which V8 Supercars contested the premier Australian touring car title.

The 2013 season saw the introduction of the "New Generation V8 Supercar", a revision to the regulations which were designed to cut costs and to make the series more attractive to new manufacturers. Nissan and Mercedes-Benz also entered the series.

Holden teams competed with the new VF Commodore, which replaced the VE model, whilst Ford continued to use the FG Falcon.

Jamie Whincup successfully defended his drivers' championship title and Triple Eight Race Engineering won their fourth consecutive teams' championship.

Holden Commodore (VF)
The Holden Commodore (VF) is a full-size car that was produced from June 2013 to October 2017 by Holden, the former Australian subsidiary of General Motors. It was available under the luxury Holden Calais nameplate; utility models were sold as the Holden Ute.

It succeeded the VE series, and was the second iteration of the fourth generation of the Holden Commodore. It was the last model in the series to be manufactured in Australia. It was offered as a sedan and wagon. The long-wheelbase Holden Caprice (WN) released in 2013.

From 2013 to 2017 the VF Commodore was rebadged in the United States as the Chevrolet SS. Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) sold VF Commodore-based models in the Gen-F series, HSV also sold models in the United Kingdom under Vauxhall VXR8 range.

In December 2013, General Motors (GM) announced that it would discontinue all Australian production in 2017.
Toppen af Poppen
Toppen af Poppen is a Danish reality television series broadcast on Danish television station TV 2 as part of The Best Singers series and is based on the Dutch series De beste zangers van Nederland. Ten seasons have been broadcast thus far with the inaugural series launched on 7 February 2011.

The Best Singers (series)
The Best Singers, created and owned by FTV Rights B.V., is a reality television series that has been broadcast under various names in a number of European countries.

The original format is produced in the Netherlands by FTV Productions B.V. and broadcast on NPO 1 by public broadcaster AVROTROS (formerly AVRO and TROS. The two broadcasters merged in 2013). The series was originally called De beste zangers van Nederland (meaning The Best Singers of the Netherlands), now it is called Beste Zangers (Best Singers).
Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission
The City of Omaha Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission, established in 1977, is the Omaha city government's a nine-member board responsible for recommending official Omaha Landmarks to the Omaha City Council. The Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission is that was established by ordinance in 1977 to review and recommend to the City Council on all matters pertaining to the designation of individual buildings, sites, objects, or entire districts of local historical significance. The commission is staffed by the Landmarks Division of the Omaha Planning Department.

Omaha City Council
The City Council of Omaha, Nebraska, is elected every four years on a nonpartisan basis. The next election will occur in 2025. Omaha has a strong mayor form of government. Members are elected by district. Currently seven city council districts are represented across the City of Omaha.
Brenton Thwaites
Brenton Thwaites (born 10 August 1989) is an Australian actor. Beginning his career in his home country in 2011, he had a starring role on the series Slide and later appeared on the soap opera Home and Away. Since moving to the United States, Thwaites has had major roles in the films Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012), Oculus (2013), The Giver (2014), Gods of Egypt (2016), and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017). He starred as Dick Grayson / Robin / Nightwing in the DC Universe / HBO Max series Titans from 2018 to 2023.

Slide (TV series)
Slide (styled as SLiDE) is an Australian teen drama series which premiered on the Fox8 subscription television channel and aired from 16 August to 18 October 2011. The series followed the lives of five teenagers making their way into adulthood in the city of Brisbane. FOX8 confirmed in February 2012 a second season was not commissioned.

The series was multi-platform and encouraged the viewer to view extra content online via apps and social networking such as Facebook and Twitter. Webisodes of events that take place before and after each episodes — titled Before and After Bits — are also available on the show's official YouTube account. The series was the second multi-platform scripted series on Australian television, after the ABC's Fat Cow Motel in 2004.

On 16 August 2012, the show premiered on the American cable network TeenNick.
Pratt & Whitney T73
The Pratt & Whitney T73 (company designation JFTD12) is a turboshaft engine. Based on the JT12A, the T73 powered the Sikorsky CH-54 Tarhe and its civil counterpart Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane flying crane heavy-lift helicopters. Turboshaft versions for naval use are known as the FT12, and have been used on the Iroquois-class destroyer.

Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane
The Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane is an American twin-engine heavy-lift helicopter. It is the civilian version of the United States Army's CH-54 Tarhe. It is currently produced as the S-64 Aircrane by Erickson Inc.
Iron Fist (album)
Iron Fist is the fifth studio album by English rock band Motörhead, released in April 1982 by Bronze Records. It was the final album of the classic Three Amigos lineup of Lemmy Kilmister, "Fast" Eddie Clarke, and Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor. The album peaked at No. 6 on the UK album charts. It was preceded by the release of the title track "Iron Fist" as a single, which entered the UK charts on 3 April, and peaked at No. 29.

Phil Taylor (musician)
Philip John Taylor (21 September 1954 – 12 November 2015), better known as "Philthy Animal", was an English drummer. He was a member of the rock band Motörhead from 1975 to 1984 and 1987 to 1992, recording eleven studio albums and four live albums with the band. The Motörhead line-up consisting of Taylor, Lemmy and "Fast" Eddie Clarke is generally regarded as the 'classic' line-up of the band.
Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
Tolkien and the Invention of Myth: A Reader is a 2004 collection of scholarly essays on J. R. R. Tolkien's writings on Middle-earth, edited by Jane Chance. It includes chapters from the established Tolkien scholars Marjorie Burns, Michael D. C. Drout, Verlyn Flieger, Gergely Nagy, Tom Shippey, and Richard C. West. It was warmly welcomed by critics, though some of the student contributions were considered less useful than the revised journal articles, conference papers and lectures by the more experienced essayists.

Richard C. West
Richard Carroll West (August 13, 1944 – November 29, 2020) was an American librarian and one of the first Tolkien scholars. He is best known for his 1975 essay on the interlace structure of The Lord of the Rings, for which he won the 1976 Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inkling Studies.
Sikkim women's cricket team
The Sikkim women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian state of Sikkim. They first competed in the Indian domestic system in 2007–08 and 2008–09, before returning ahead of the 2018–19 season, and now compete in the Women's Senior One Day Trophy and the Women's Senior T20 League.

Senior Women's T20 Trophy
The Senior Women's T20 Trophy, previously known as the Senior Women's T20 League, is a women's Twenty20 cricket competition held in India. It began in the 2008–09 season, with 28 teams representing state cricket associations, whilst the most recent season, 2022–23, had 37 teams competing. Railways are the most successful team in the history of the competition, winning 11 titles, whilst Delhi, Punjab and Mumbai have won the competition once apiece.
La Habra Marketplace
La Habra Marketplace, formerly La Habra Fashion Square, is an open-air regional mall in La Habra, California, built by the Bullock's department store chain. Welton Becket and Associates were the architects. It was the last and largest of the "Fashion Square" malls that it built, after Santa Ana, Sherman Oaks and Del Amo. The site measured 40 acres (160,000 m2), with 565,618 square feet (52,547.6 m2) of retail space, of which the large Bullock's store represented about half. The center has been re-developed into a strip mall called La Habra Marketplace.

Bullock's
Bullock's was a chain of full-line department stores from 1907 through 1995, headquartered in Los Angeles, growing to operate across California, Arizona and Nevada. Bullock's also operated as many as seven more upscale Bullocks Wilshire specialty department stores across Southern California. Many former Bullock's locations continue to operate today as Macy's.
Learning classifier system
Learning classifier systems, or LCS, are a paradigm of rule-based machine learning methods that combine a discovery component (e.g. typically a genetic algorithm in evolutionary computation) with a learning component (performing either supervised learning, reinforcement learning, or unsupervised learning).  Learning classifier systems seek to identify a set of context-dependent rules that collectively store and apply knowledge in a piecewise manner in order to make predictions (e.g. behavior modeling, classification, data mining, regression, function approximation, or game strategy).  This approach allows complex solution spaces to be broken up into smaller, simpler parts for the reinforcement learning that is inside artificial intelligence research.

The founding concepts behind learning classifier systems came from attempts to model complex adaptive systems, using rule-based agents to form an artificial cognitive system (i.e. artificial intelligence).

Genetic algorithm
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems via biologically inspired operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. Some examples of GA applications include optimizing decision trees for better performance, solving sudoku puzzles, hyperparameter optimization, and causal inference.
Caroticotympanic nerves
The caroticotympanic nerves are post-ganglionic sympathetic branches from the internal carotid plexus which leave the carotid canal through the wall of this canal to enter the tympanic cavity and participate in the formation of the tympanic plexus upon the promontory of tympanic cavity. They travel with the caroticotympanic artery.

Caroticotympanic arteries
The caroticotympanic artery (tympanic branch) is a small, sometimes doubled artery which arises from (the petrous portion of) the internal carotid artery. It leaves the carotid canal through a foramen to reach the tympanic cavity.: 416  It contributes arterial supply to the osseous part of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube).: 706
Sunil Mittal
Sunil Bharti Mittal (born 23 October 1957) is an Indian billionaire industrialist and philanthropist. He is the founder and chairman of Bharti Enterprises.

In December 2025, Mittal was ranked fourth on the Forbes list of India's 100 Richest with a net worth of $34 billion.

In 2007, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honor. On 15 June 2016, he was elected as Chairman of the International Chamber of Commerce.

Bharti Enterprises
Bharti Enterprises Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Delhi. It was founded in 1976 by Sunil Bharti Mittal. Bharti Enterprises owns businesses spanning across telecommunications, manufacturing, insurance, real estate, hospitality. The group's flagship company, Bharti Airtel, is a telecom service provider with operations in more than 18 countries across Asia, Africa and Europe. The company ranks amongst the top two mobile network operators globally by number of subscribers.
Maisto
Maisto is a brand of scale model vehicles introduced in 1990 and owned by May Cheong Group, a Chinese company founded in 1967 in Hong Kong by brothers P.Y. Ngan and Y.C Ngan. Headquartered in Hong Kong, the brand has its offices in the United States, France and China. MCG also owns other model car brands, such as the former Italian brand Bburago (whose assets and rights to whose brand name were acquired in 2006) and Polistil.

The company has also manufactured a number of Tonka products under license from Hasbro. Products under the Maisto brand include die-cast scale model cars.

Tonka
Tonka is an American brand and former manufacturer of toy trucks. The company was founded in 1946 and operated as an independent manufacturer of popular steel toy construction type trucks and machinery, until its sale to Hasbro in 1991.
Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon
Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon (U.S. title: Those Fantastic Flying Fools; also known as Chiflados Del Espacio, Blast-off, and Rocket to the Moon) is a 1967 British science fiction comedy film directed by Don Sharp and starring Burl Ives, Troy Donahue, Gert Fröbe and Terry-Thomas.

It was released in the US as Those Fantastic Flying Fools, in order to capitalise on the success of Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines two years earlier. Director Don Sharp shot second unit on Magnificent Men.

Troy Donahue
Troy Donahue (born Merle Johnson, Jr., January 27, 1936 – September 2, 2001) was an American film and television actor, best known for his role as Johnny Hunter in the film A Summer Place. He was a popular sex symbol in the 1950s and 1960s.
Consolas
Consolas is a monospaced typeface designed by Luc(as) de Groot. It is a part of the ClearType Font Collection, a suite of fonts that take advantage of Microsoft's ClearType font rendering technology. It has been included with Windows since Windows Vista, Microsoft Office 2007 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. It is the only standard Windows Vista font with a slash through the zero character. It is the default font for Microsoft Notepad starting with Windows 8.

ClearType
ClearType is Microsoft's implementation of subpixel rendering technology in rendering text in a font system. ClearType attempts to improve the appearance of text on certain types of computer display screens by sacrificing color fidelity for additional intensity variation. This trade-off is asserted to work well on LCD flat panel monitors.

ClearType was first announced at the November 1998 COMDEX exhibition. The technology was first introduced in software in January 2000 as an always-on feature of Microsoft Reader, which was released to  the public in August 2000.

ClearType was significantly changed with the introduction of DirectWrite in Windows 7.

With the increasing availability of HiDPI displays after 2012, subpixel rendering has become less necessary.
Laura Whitehorn
Laura Jane Whitehorn (born April 1945) is an American activist who participated in the 1983 United States Senate bombing and was imprisoned for 14 years in federal prison. In the 1960s, she organized and participated in civil rights and anti-war movements.

1983 United States Senate bombing
The 1983 U.S. Senate bombing was a terrorist attack that took place at the United States Senate on November 7, 1983, as a protest against United States military involvement in Lebanon and Grenada. The attack led to heightened security in the DC metropolitan area, and the inaccessibility of certain parts of the Senate Building. Six members of the Maoist Armed Resistance Unit, also known as Resistance Conspiracy, were arrested in May 1988 and charged with the bombing, as well as related bombings of Fort McNair and the Washington Navy Yard which occurred on April 25, 1983, and April 20, 1984, respectively.
Steve Rotheram
Steven Philip Rotheram (born 4 November 1961) is a British politician serving as Mayor of the Liverpool City Region since 2017. A member of the Labour Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Walton from 2010 to 2017.

Born and raised in Kirkby, Rotheram left school to become a bricklayer and set up his own construction company at the age of 22. He earned a Master's degree in Contemporary Urban Renaissance from Liverpool Hope University and worked as a business manager for the Learning and Skills Council. He was elected to represent Fazakerley for Labour on Liverpool City Council from 2002 to 2011, and served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 2008 to 2009.

After serving as an MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition, Rotheram won a majority vote at the 2017 Liverpool City Region mayoral election and re-election in 2021. He was re-elected in 2024.

2017 Liverpool City Region mayoral election
The 2017 Liverpool City Region mayoral election was held on 4 May 2017 to elect the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority and won by Steve Rotheram. Subsequent elections were planned for May 2020 but were postponed until May 2021 due to the covid pandemic with subsequent elections due every four years. The metro mayor will have control over the whole Liverpool City Region combined authority area which consists of the following local authorities:

Halton

Knowsley

Liverpool

St Helens

Sefton

Wirral

The mayor will work with existing city and borough leaders to take forward the mayor's strategic plan. The metro mayor will have a budget of £900 million over 30 years with powers on education & skills, planning and housing, transport, health and social care.
Mushroomhead
Mushroomhead is an American heavy metal band from Cleveland, Ohio. Formed in 1993 in the Cleveland Warehouse District, the band is known for their avant-garde sound and horror film-inspired imagery which features masks and costumes as well as their unique live shows usually performed at smaller venues.

Since the band's formation, Mushroomhead has experienced numerous lineup changes, with water drummer, keyboardist, DJ and visual designer Steve "Skinny" Felton being the sole consistent member. Other members include vocalists Steve Rauckhorst, Jackie LaPonza and Scott "Strike" Beck, guitarists Dave "Gravy" Felton and Joe "Jenkins" Gaal, bassist/keyboardist Ryan "Dr. F" Farrell, drummer Aydin Kerr, and water drummers Jordan Gannon and Simon Kanaris. Previous vocalists include Jeffrey Nothing, Jason "J Mann" Popson and Waylon Reavis.

Jason Popson
Jason Jonathan Popson (born November 2, 1971) is an American vocalist and rapper formerly for metal band Mushroomhead taking the stage name J Mann. Prior to his initial departure from the band he was identified by his face paint, which was based on the film Dead Presidents. From 2014 until his second departure in 2022, he wore a mask like the rest of the band.