hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kfar Adumim
Kfar Adumim (Hebrew: כְּפַר אֲדֻמִּים, lit. 'Village of The Red') is a mixed religious-secular Israeli settlement in the West Bank. It is located in the Judean Desert, on the southern bank of Wadi Qelt, about 2 miles northeast of the town Ma'ale Adumim. It is at 367 meters above sea level. It is organized as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 5,019.  The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics counts the populations of nearby settlements Alon and Nofei Prat as part of the population of Kfar Adumim.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Alon (Israeli settlement)
Alon or Allon (Hebrew: אַלּוֹן)  is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, organized as a community settlement. Alon is located to the east of Jerusalem, next to the Palestinian town of 'Anata, part of whose lands were expropriated to build Alon. Situated along the edge of the Judean desert, the settlement has a diverse religiously observant and secular population.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Grizzly Peak (Summit County, Colorado)
Grizzly Peak is a high mountain summit in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  Also known as Grizzly Peak D, the 13,433-foot (4,094 m) thirteener  is located in Arapaho National Forest, 2.1 miles (3.4 km) southeast by east (bearing 129°) of Loveland Pass, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide between Clear Creek and Summit counties.  Its proximate parent peak is Torreys Peak.

Torreys Peak
Torreys Peak is a mountain in the Front Range region of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. It is one of 53 fourteeners in Colorado. Its nearest major city is Denver.  Torreys Peak is located along the Continental Divide, as well as the division between Clear Creek County and Summit County. In the Arapaho language Torrey's Peak and the adjacent Gray's Peak are named, Heeniiyoowuu or "Ant Hills".
Asymmetric price transmission
Asymmetric price transmission (sometimes abbreviated as APT and informally called "rockets and feathers" , also known as asymmetric cost pass-through) refers to pricing phenomenon occurring when downstream prices react in a different manner to upstream price changes, depending on the characteristics of upstream prices or changes in those prices.

The simplest example is when prices of ready products increase promptly whenever prices of inputs increase, but take time to decrease after input price decreases.

Upstream price
An upstream price is the price of one of the main inputs of production (for processing/manufacturing etc.) or a price quoted on higher market levels (e.g. wholesale markets).

Upstream prices are the prices paid by producers (as opposed to consumers), and are directly related to the cost of production. They comprise input prices, or the prices a manufacturer pays to the supplier of raw material, as well as output prices, or the prices a retailer pays to the manufacturer. In contrast, downstream prices are the prices paid by consumers at the retail level.

The relationship between upstream prices and downstream prices is largely explained by asymmetric price transmission.
Superficial temporal vein
The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head which collects venous blood from the region of the temple.: 355  It arises from an anastomosing venous plexus on the side and top of the head. The superficial temporal vein terminates within the substance of the parotid gland by uniting with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein.: 364

Retromandibular vein
The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein) is a major vein of the face. It is formed within the parotid gland by the confluence of the maxillary vein, and superficial temporal vein. It descends in the gland and splits into two branches upon emerging from the gland. Its anterior branch then joins the (anterior) facial vein forming the common facial vein, while its posterior branch joins the posterior auricular vein forming the external jugular vein.
2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup final
The 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup final was a soccer match to determine the winner of the 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup. The match was the first final of the CONCACAF W Gold Cup, a biennial tournament contested by the women's national teams representing the member associations of CONCACAF and invited guests to decide the champion of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The match was played at Snapdragon Stadium in San Diego, California, United States, on March 10, 2024.

The United States won the inaugural title by defeating Brazil 1–0. The lone goal of the match was scored in first half stoppage time by captain Lindsey Horan.

2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup
The 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup was the inaugural edition of the CONCACAF W Gold Cup, an international women's soccer competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the member associations of CONCACAF. The tournament was contested by twelve teams from February 20 to March 10, 2024 in the United States. Eight CONCACAF national teams qualified for the tournament, joined by four guest teams from CONMEBOL.

The hosts United States won the inaugural W Gold Cup title by defeating Brazil 1-0 in the final. The match was played at Snapdragon Stadium in San Diego, California, on March 10.
Deckers Creek
Deckers Creek is a 24.6-mile-long (39.6 km) tributary of the Monongahela River that runs through north-central West Virginia.  It begins west of Arthurdale and flows southeast, then north, then northwest towards Morgantown, where it empties into the Monongahela River.  The stream has been contaminated by various sources, though largely due to extractive resource mining and improper sewage disposal. Recently, a conservation effort has been launched and conditions are improving, as the area continues to develop for recreational purposes.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
Officer Cadet School, Portsea
The Officer Cadet School, Portsea (sometimes referred to as OCS Portsea) was an officer training establishment of the Australian Army. Established at Portsea in Victoria, Australia, in 1951 to provide training to officer cadets prior to commissioning, the OCS provided the Australian Regular Army with the bulk of its junior officers for many years. However, following a review of military training establishments in Australia in the mid-1980s, the school was eventually closed in 1985, as the Royal Military College, Duntroon, assumed sole responsibility for training Army officers.

The motto of OCS Portsea was Loyalty and Service, which was chosen by Colonel (later Major General Sir) James Harrison during his time serving as OCS's first Commandant (1952–1954).

Royal Military College, Duntroon
The Royal Military College, Duntroon, also known simply as Duntroon, is the Australian Army's officer training establishment. It was founded at Duntroon in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, in 1911, and is situated at the foot of Mount Pleasant near Lake Burley Griffin, close to the Department of Defence headquarters at Russell Hill. Duntroon is adjacent to the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA), which is the tri-service military academy of the Australian Defence Force, and provides both military and tertiary academic education for junior officers of the Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force and Royal Australian Navy.
United Nations Mission in South Sudan
The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) is a United Nations peacekeeping mission for South Sudan, which became independent on 9 July 2011. UNMISS was established on 9 July 2011 by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1996 (2011) adopted on 8 July 2011.

Since December 2016, UNMISS has been led by the Secretary-General's Special Representative, South African lawyer and diplomat Nicholas Haysom. Haysom succeeded David Shearer in January 2021.

As of March 2021, it is composed of 14,222 military personnel, 1,446 police, and 2,228 civilian workers, as well as small contingents of experts, staff officers, and volunteers. The military deployment is commanded by the Indian Lieutenant General Mohan Subramanian. It is headquartered in the South Sudanese capital of Juba.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1996
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1996, adopted unanimously on July 8, 2011, after welcoming the independence of South Sudan from Sudan, the Council established the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) for an initial period of one year.
Benben
In the creation myth of the Heliopolitan form of ancient Egyptian religion,
Benben was the mound that arose from the primordial waters (Nu), and upon which the creator deity Atum settled. The Benben stone is associated with the top stone of a pyramid, which is called a pyramid's pyramidion (or benbenet). It is also related to the obelisk.

Pyramidion
A pyramidion (plural: pyramidia) is the capstone of an Egyptian pyramid or the upper section of an obelisk. Speakers of the Ancient Egyptian language referred to pyramidia as benbenet and associated the pyramid as a whole with the sacred benben stone.

Pyramidia were usually made of limestone, sandstone, basalt or granite, and were sometimes covered with plates of copper, gold or electrum. From the Middle Kingdom onward, they were often "inscribed with royal titles and religious symbols".
Amar es para siempre
Amar es para siempre (lit. 'To Love is Forever') is a long-running Spanish television period soap opera that originally ran on Antena 3 for twelve seasons, from 14 January 2013 to 6 March 2024, with the plot taking place between October 1960 and September 1984. It is the resumption of Televisión Española's Amar en tiempos revueltos.

Amar en tiempos revueltos
Amar en tiempos revueltos (Spanish for "Love in Troubled Times", or, more literally, "Loving during Turbulent Times"), is a Spanish television period soap opera that originally ran on La 1 of Televisión Española for seven seasons, from 27 September 2005 to 16 November 2012, set in the times of the Spanish civil war and Francoist Spain.

It run for 1,707 episodes, 8 special episodes and 1 recap episode. The series won prizes in Spain and a silver medal in the New York Festival. Following disagreements of the producing company Diagonal TV with Radiotelevisión Española, the fiction was relaunched in January 2013 on Antena 3 as Amar es para siempre.
Falernum
Falernum (pronounced fə-LUR-nəm) is either a syrup liqueur or a nonalcoholic syrup from the Caribbean. It is best known for its use in tropical drinks. It contains flavors of ginger, lime, and almond, and frequently cloves or allspice.  It may be thought of as a spicier version of orgeat syrup.

The form can be alcoholic (syrup liqueur) or nonalcoholic (syrup). Versions with alcohol are generally lower in proof (≈15% ABV), adding rum and emphasizing the clove, ginger, or allspice flavoring aspects for use in mixing cocktails, typically tropical or tiki drinks. It is also enjoyed on the rocks.

Depending on sugar content, the consistency is often thick and is therefore sometimes referred to as "velvet falernum" because of the feeling it leaves on one's tongue. Brands vary. The color can be white to light amber, and it may be clear or translucent.

Orgeat syrup
Orgeat syrup is a sweet syrup made from almonds and sugar with a little rose water and/or orange flower water. It was originally made with a barley-almond blend. It has a pronounced almond taste and is used to flavor many cocktails. Orgeat syrup is an important ingredient in the Mai Tai and many Tiki drinks.
Earl of Carnarvon
Earl of Carnarvon is a title that has been created three times in British history. The current holder is George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon. The town and county in Wales to which the title refers are historically spelled Caernarfon, having been Anglicised to Carnarvon or Caernarvon. The traditional Welsh spelling is itself a modified form of the original name of antiquity, Caer-yn-Arfon, meaning fortification opposite the island of Mona (now called Ynys Môn, or Anglesey in English).

George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon
George Reginald Oliver Molyneux Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon (born 10 November 1956), styled Lord Porchester from 1987 to 2001, is a British peer and farmer.

His family seat, Highclere Castle, has achieved notability as the primary filming location for television series Downton Abbey and Jeeves and Wooster. Carnarvon and his family live in part of the house, while the rest is used as a venue for hire and is also open to the public much of the summer and on some dates during other months.

Through his father, he is a descendant of the Lee family of Virginia.
Operation Haifisch
Operation Haifisch (Shark) was a German codename for the cover operation against the United Kingdom in World War II, intended (like Operation Harpune) to conceal preparations for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.

Elaborated by Wilhelm Keitel and designated to begin in April 1941, the aim was to strike at England's southern coast in four places between Folkestone and Worthing. The Kriegsmarine's main task was to ferry the invasion forces after loading them at major ports between Cherbourg and Rotterdam.

Operation Harpune
In World War II, Operation Harpune (Harpoon) was the major German deception plan of 1941. This operation (like Operation Haifisch) portrayed the so-called Operation Seelowe ("Sealion") as inevitable, to conceal preparations for the invasion of the Soviet Union, called Operation Barbarossa. Harpune had two parts, Harpune Süd (Harpoon South) operated from Norway, Denmark, and France, while Harpune Nord (Harpoon North) did the same in Norway.
The Ghost Writer (film)
The Ghost Writer (released as The Ghost in the United Kingdom and Ireland) is a 2010 neo-noir political thriller film directed by Roman Polanski. The film is an adaptation of the 2007 novel, The Ghost, by Robert Harris with the screenplay written by Polanski and Harris. It stars Ewan McGregor in the title role with Pierce Brosnan, Kim Cattrall, and Olivia Williams.

The film was a critical and commercial success and won numerous cinematic awards including Best Director for Polanski at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival and also at the 23rd European Film Awards in 2010.

The Ghost (novel)
The Ghost  is a 2007 political thriller by the best-selling English novelist and journalist Robert Harris about a professional ghostwriter hired to write the memoirs of a former British prime minister. In 2010, the novel was adapted into a film, The Ghost Writer, directed by Roman Polanski and starring Ewan McGregor and Pierce Brosnan, for which Polanski and Harris co-wrote the screenplay.
Slovak Karst
The Slovak Karst (Slovak: Slovenský kras) is one of the mountain ranges of the Slovenské Rudohorie mountains in the Carpathians in southern Slovakia. It consists of a complex of huge karst plains and plateaus. Since 1973 it has been a protected landscape area. On 1 March 2002 Slovak Karst National Park was declared. It is also a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and part of it forms UNESCO World Heritage Site Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst.

Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst
The Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst are a series of over 1000 karst caves spread out over a total area of 55,800 ha (138,000 acres) along the border of Hungary and Slovakia. With an exceptional diversity of karst structures and complex cave systems developing from both temperate and tropical processes, the caves and surrounding areas were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.
Arthur Engoron
Arthur F. Engoron (/ɛŋˈɡɔːrɑːn/ en-GOR-on; born 1949) is an American judge serving on the New York Supreme Court since 2013. He presided over the New York civil investigation of the Trump Organization in 2024.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Peter I, Duke of Brittany
Peter I (French: Pierre; c. 1187 – 26 May 1250), also known as Peter Mauclerc and Peter of Dreux, reigned as Duke of Brittany alongside his wife Alix from 1213 to 1221, and was regent of the duchy for his minor son John I from 1221 to 1237. As duke he was also 1st Earl of Richmond from 1218 to 1235.

Earl of Richmond
The now-extinct title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England.  The earldom of Richmond was initially held by various Breton nobles; sometimes the holder was the Breton duke himself, including one member of the cadet branch of the French Capetian dynasty. The historical ties between the Duchy of Brittany and this English earldom were maintained ceremonially by the Breton dukes even after England ceased to recognize the Breton dukes as earls of England and those dukes rendered homage to the King of France, rather than the English crown. It was then held either by members of the English royal families of  Plantagenet and Tudor, or English nobles closely associated with the English crown. It was eventually merged into the English crown during the reign of Henry VII of England and has been recreated as a dukedom.
Florida State Road 53
State Road 53 (SR 53) is a 19.170-mile-long (30.851 km) north–south state highway in the panhandle of northern Florida. Its southern terminus is an interchange with Interstate 10 (I-10; which also carries the unsigned designation of SR 8) near Lee and Madison; the northern terminus is at the Georgia state line near Cherry Lake, Florida. Part of SR 53, from Harvey Greene Drive north to SR 14, is also signed SR 14 Truck, a rare special state highway in Florida.

SR 53 continues northward from the state line as State Route 333 (SR 333). A southbound continuation of SR 53 is County Road 53, which ultimately ends at an intersection with U.S. Route 27 (US 27; which also carries the unsigned designation of SR 20) in Buckville (northwest of Mayo). This is also the western terminus of CR 534.

Florida State Road 14
State Road 14 (SR 14) is a northeast-southwest route in Madison County, Florida.  The western terminus is near an interchange with Interstate 10 (unsigned SR 8) and County Road 14 (CR 14) near Madison; the eastern terminus is an intersection with Duval Street (SR 53) in the city of Madison itself.
Princess Louise of Prussia (1808–1870)
Princess Louise of Prussia (Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie; 1 February 1808 – 6 December 1870) was a princess of the Netherlands as the wife of Prince Frederick.

She was born the penultimate child of King Frederick William III of Prussia by his first wife, Queen Louise.

Although Princess Louise played a minor role in royal society, she helped establish the  Luisestiftelsen—a charity organisation built for orphans—and pitched ideas for the construction of a residential home in Passow.

Prince Frederick of the Netherlands
Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau (full names: Willem Frederik Karel; 28 February 1797, in Berlin – 8 September 1881, in Wassenaar), was the second son of William I of the Netherlands and his wife, Wilhelmine of Prussia.

Frederick was active in the military and political life of the Netherlands. He served as Commissary-general of the Department of War and as Chief Director of War and Navy, where he modernized the army according to the Prussian model. Frederick also led the Dutch troops during the Belgian Revolution in 1830. Additionally, he was a prominent Freemason and Grand Master of the Order of Freemasons. After his active career, he withdrew to his estate and played a mediating role within the royal family.
Old Serbia
Old Serbia (Serbian: Стара Србија, romanized: Stara Srbija) is a Serbian historiographical term that is used to describe the territory that according to the dominant school of Serbian historiography in the late 19th century formed the core of the Serbian Empire in 1346–71.

The term does not refer to a defined region but over time in the late 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century it came to include the regions of Raška, Kosovo and Metohija and much of modern North Macedonia. The term Old Serbians (Serbian: Старосрбијанци, romanized: Starosrbijanci) were used as designations by Serb authors and later governments for Slavic populations from regions such as Vardar Macedonia. In modern historiography, the concept of Old Serbia as it developed in the 19th century has been criticised as a historical myth, based often on invented or tendentiously interpreted historical events.

Raška (region)
Raška (Serbian Cyrillic: Рашка; Latin: Rascia) is a geographical and historical region of Serbia. Initially a small borderline district between early medieval Serbia and Bulgaria (city/area of Ras), and the Byzantine Empire, it became the center of the Grand Principality of Serbia and of the Serbian Kingdom in the mid-12th century. From that period on, the name of Raška became associated with the state of Serbia, eventually covering the south-western parts of modern Serbia, and historically also including north-eastern parts of modern Montenegro, and some of the most eastern parts of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its southern part covering the modern region of Sandžak.
Battle of Achelous (1359)
The Battle of Achelous (Albanian: Beteja e Akelout) (also Battle of Acheloos) took place in 1358 or 1359 near the river Achelous in Aetolia, modern Greece, between the forces of the Despotate of Epirus under Nikephoros II Orsini and Albanian tribesmen under Karl Thopia. The Albanians defeated Orsini's troops and inflicted heavy casualties upon his forces, and Orsini himself was killed during the battle. Epirus was then divided amongst the Albanian clans, which resulted in the establishment of two despotates from regions previously part of the Despotate of Epirus: the Despotate of Arta and the Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto. Within Epirus, only the city of Ioannina remained under Greek governance and was not under the control of the Albanians.

Gjin Bua Shpata
Gjin Bua Shpata (sometimes anglicized as John Spata) (fl. 1358 – 29 October 1399) was an Albanian ruler of the despotate of Arta in Western Greece with the title of Despot. Together with Pjetër Losha, he led raids into Epirus, Acarnania and Aetolia in 1358. He was recognized as Despot by the titular Eastern Roman Emperor in the early 1360s and ruled Aetolia (1360s–?), Angelokastron (?–1399), Naupactus (1378–1399), and Arta (1370s–1399). He was born sometime in the first half of the 14th century in Epirus, as his father was a ruler in the region.