hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Munster Junior League (rugby union)
The Munster Junior League is an annual Rugby Union competition for clubs with Junior status based in the province of Munster in Ireland. It is one of 4 provincial qualifying leagues for the All-Ireland League.  The league typically runs from October to March each season with a break over the Christmas period. Thomond are the current title holders having retained their title in 2025 winning the league with a 100% record.

All-Ireland League (rugby union)
The All-Ireland League (AIL), known for sponsorship reasons as the Energia All-Ireland League, is the national league system for the 50 senior rugby union clubs in Ireland, covering both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The league was inaugurated in the 1990–91 season.

Cork Constitution F.C are the only club to have constantly retained their status in Division 1 since 1990/91. All other clubs in the league have experienced relegation.

The league is the second highest level of rugby union in Ireland, as professional teams representing the four provinces of Ireland play in the United Rugby Championship.

Division 1 sides may field no more than two professional players in their matchday sides, and only one may be a forward. Division 2 sides may not field professional players. Foreign professional players may not play in the League.
Cork Constitution, the inaugural winners, are the only club to have retained top division status since the inception of the league.
Menstruation hut
A menstruation hut is a place of seclusion or isolation used by certain cultures with strong menstrual taboos. The same or a similar structure may be used for childbirth and postpartum confinement, based on beliefs around ritual impurity. These huts are usually built near the family home, have small doors, and are often dilapidated, with poor sanitation and ventilation, and no windows. The Nepali version, the Chhaupadi, is probably the best-known example, but cultural attitudes towards menstruation around the world mean that these huts exist, or existed until recently, in other places as well. The use of menstrual huts continues to be a cause of death, from exposure, dehydration, snake bite, smoke inhalation, and so on.  The use of these huts is illegal in some places.

Culture and menstruation
There are many cultural aspects surrounding how societies view menstruation. Different cultures view menstruation in different ways. The basis of many conduct norms and communication about menstruation in western industrial societies is the belief that menstruation should remain hidden. By contrast, in some indigenous hunter-gatherer societies, menstrual observances are viewed in a positive light, without any connotation of uncleanness.  In most of India, menarche is celebrated as a rite of passage.

A menstrual taboo is any social taboo concerned with menstruation. In some societies it involves menstruation being perceived as unclean or embarrassing, inhibiting even the mention of menstruation whether in public (in the media and advertising) or in private (among friends, in the household, or with men). Many traditional religions consider menstruation ritually unclean, although anthropologists say that the concepts 'sacred' and 'unclean' may be intimately connected.
Maccaferri gabion
A Maccaferri gabion is a type of wire mesh gabion developed by Maccaferri, and widely imitated since.  Introduced as a sack in 1893, the shape of the product was altered, and patented in the form of a box.

Gabion
A gabion (from Italian gabbione meaning "big cage"; from Italian gabbia and Latin cavea meaning "cage") is a cage, cylinder, or cube, typically mesh, filled with solid material suitable to use in various civil engineering and military applications. Ballasts include rocks, sand, soil, used tires, and other recycled items.

Among the most common civil engineering uses are erosion control, retaining walls, and impact attenuation; in the military gabions commonly protect forward operating bases and artillery firing positions against small arms and indirect fragmentary explosives.  Applications include sleeping quarters, mess halls, checkpoints, and revetments for aircraft.
Venezuela at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Venezuela competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland. The Venezuelan Olympic Committee selected 38 competitors, 36 men and two women, to take part in 37 events across eight sports. This was a much greater turnout than 1948, Venezuela's only previous entry, which had only one athlete. For the first time, women represented Venezuela at the Summer Olympics. Women have been absent in the Venezuelan team on four occasions, including the next Summer Games held in Melbourne.

Venezuela won one medal at the Games, a bronze in triple jump; the medalist, Asnoldo Devonish, was almost not included in the team, and competed at the Games while injured.

Venezuela at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Venezuela competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia, and in the equestrian events held in Stockholm, Sweden. Twenty-two competitors, all men, were selected by the Venezuelan Olympic Committee to take part in sixteen events across five sports. The delegation featured no female competitors, for the second time, and won no medals. While most of the Venezuelan athletes did not advance past the qualifying rounds of their sports, there were some good placings in the shooting, with Germán Briceño and Carlos Monteverde finishing in the top 10 of their events.
James Whitmore Jr.
James Allen Whitmore Jr. (born October 24, 1948), is an American actor and television director. He is best known for his roles as Captain Jim Gutterman on the television program Baa Baa Black Sheep, Freddie Beamer in The Rockford Files (1977–1979), and Sgt Bernie Terwilliger in Hunter (1984–1986), and since the 1980s as a prolific television director. He is the son of actor James Whitmore.

James Whitmore
James Allen Whitmore Jr. (October 1, 1921 – February 6, 2009) was an American actor, who appeared in over 150 stage, film, and television roles over a 50-year career. He was the recipient of numerous accolades, including three of the four EGOT honors – a Grammy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and a Tony Award. He was nominated for two Academy Awards, Best Supporting Actor for Battleground (1949) and Best Actor for Give 'em Hell, Harry! (1975).
Eddie Creatchman
Eddie Creatchman (February 27, 1928 – March 9, 1994) was a Canadian professional wrestling manager. He was known as Eddie "The Brain" Creatchman, manager of wrestlers such as The Sheik and Steve Strong.

The Sheik (wrestler)
Edward George Farhat (June 7, 1926 – January 18, 2003) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name The Sheik. In wrestling, Farhat, whose career debuted in 1947, is credited as one of the originators of the hardcore style, is also retroactively called The Original Sheik, mostly to distinguish him from the similarly named Iron Sheik who debuted in 1972.

In addition to his in-ring career, he was also the promoter of Big Time Wrestling, which promoted shows at Cobo Hall in Detroit until the 1980s, and was the booker for Frank Tunney's shows at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto from 1971 to 1977. Farhat is the uncle of Extreme Championship Wrestling alumnus Sabu, who he also trained.
Hayyim ben Joseph Vital
Hayyim ben Joseph Vital (Hebrew: חַיִּים בֶּן יוֹסֵף וִיטָאל; Safed, October 23, 1542 (Julian calendar) / October 11, 1542 (Gregorian Calendar) – Damascus, 23 April 1620) was a rabbi in Safed and the foremost disciple of Isaac Luria. He recorded much of his master's teachings. After Vital's death, his writings began to spread and led to a "powerful impact on various circles throughout the Jewish world."

Isaac Luria
Isaac ben Solomon Ashkenazi Luria (Hebrew: יִצְחָק בן שלמה לוּרְיָא אשכנזי; born c. 1534 – died July 25, 1572), commonly known in Jewish religious circles as Ha'ari, Ha'ari Hakadosh or Arizal, was a leading rabbi and Jewish mystic in the community of Safed in the Galilee region of Ottoman Palestine, now Israel. He is considered the father of contemporary Kabbalah, his teachings being referred to as Lurianic Kabbalah.

While his direct literary contribution to the Kabbalistic school of Safed was extremely minute (he wrote only a few poems), his spiritual fame led to their veneration and the acceptance of his authority. The works of his disciples compiled his oral teachings into writing. Every custom of Luria was scrutinized, and many were accepted, even against previous practice.

Luria died at Safed on July 25, 1572, and is buried at the Safed Old Jewish Cemetery. The Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue, also located in Safed, was built in memory of Luria during the late 16th century.
Lex Plautia Papiria
The lex Plautia Papiria de civitate sociis danda was a Roman plebiscite enacted amidst the Social War in 89 BCE. It was proposed by the plebeian tribunes Marcus Plautius Silvanus and Gaius Papirius Carbo. The law further extended Roman citizenship to Italian communities – expanding the previous lex Julia de civitate – that had previously rebelled against Rome during this war.

Lex Julia
A lex Julia (plural: leges Juliae) was an ancient Roman law that was introduced by any member of the gens Julia. Most often, "Julian laws", lex Julia or leges Juliae refer to moral legislation introduced by Augustus in 23 BC, or to a law related to Julius Caesar.
Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering
The Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering (abbreviated SVUCE), Tirupati is a Constituent and Autonomous College of  Sri Venkateswara University. It is located in the Sri Venkateswara University campus at the foothills of Lord Sri Venkateswara Swamy in Tirupati, India. The college offers a four-year B.Tech degree program with a total intake of 396 students across six engineering departments, a two-year M.Tech degree program with nine specializations and an intake of 180 students, and Ph.D. programs in all engineering departments.

The admission into undergraduate programmes is through a state level common entrance test EAMCET. The admission into postgraduate programme is 70% of students through GATE or AP PGECET and 30% of Students through Self-finance Management Category .

Sri Venkateswara University
Sri Venkateswara University (commonly referred as S. V. University or SVU) is a public state university located in Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, India. The university is named after Lord Venkateswara, whose shrine is located in the city.

The university was founded in 1954 by the then Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu and Siram Govindarajulu Naidu as its founder vice-chancellor. The university campus covers a large area on land leased by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams. It is located on the West side of Tirupati, surrounded by the other universities in the city, namely Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Sri Venkateswara Vedic University, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and National Sanskrit University.
Murong Huang
Murong Huang (Chinese: 慕容皝; 297 – 25 October 348), courtesy name Yuanzhen (元真), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wenming of Former Yan (前燕文明帝), was the founding monarch of the Xianbei-led Former Yan dynasty of China. When he first succeeded his father Murong Hui in 333, he carried the Eastern Jin-bestowed title Duke of Liaodong, but in 337 claimed the title of Prince of Yan, which is traditionally viewed as the founding date of Former Yan. (Emperor Cheng of Jin retroactively recognized Murong Huang's princely title in 341 after much debate among Eastern Jin officials.) After his son Murong Jun completely broke away from the Eastern Jin and claimed the title of emperor in January 353, he was posthumously elevated to imperial status. In the Book of Jin, Murong Huang was described as a strong looking tall man (approximately 1.91 metres (6.3 ft)).

Emperor Cheng of Jin
Emperor Cheng of Jin (Chinese: 晉成帝; pinyin: Jìn Chéng Dì; Wade–Giles: Chin Ch'eng-ti; December 321 or January 322 – 26 July 342), personal name Sima Yan (司馬衍), courtesy name Shigen (世根), was an emperor of the Chinese Eastern Jin dynasty. He was the eldest son of Emperor Ming and became the crown prince on April 1, 325.  During his reign, the administration was largely dominated by a succession of regents—initially his uncle Yu Liang, then Wang Dao, then the joint administration of He Chong and another uncle Yu Bing. He became emperor at age four, and soon after his accession to the throne, the disastrous rebellion of Su Jun weakened Jin forces for decades.
Sound Sun Pleasure!!
Sound Sun Pleasure!! is an album by the American jazz musician Sun Ra and his Astro Infinity Arkestra. Recorded March 6, 1959, it remained unreleased until 1970 when it was issued on the Saturn label. Recorded at the same time and with the same personnel as Jazz in Silhouette, the album is unusual amongst early Ra albums for predominantly featuring jazz standards.

The album has been reissued on CD by the Evidence label with 7 tracks taken from the 1973 Saturn album Deep Purple recorded between 1953 and 1957.

Jazz in Silhouette
Jazz in Silhouette is the third studio album by the pianist and composer Sun Ra. It was recorded on March 6, 1959, and released in May of the same year. The album was recorded in Chicago during a session that also included the whole of the albums Sound Sun Pleasure!! and "Interstellar Low Ways" from the album of the same name.

Critics have described the album as one of Ra's best from his relatively conventional early-career Chicago period before veering off into 'full-fledged explorations into the avant-garde' that characterises the recordings made in New York City in the 1960s.
Kansajsuchus
Kansajsuchus is an extinct genus of paralligatorid mesoeucrocodylian. It is based on PIN 2399/301, a right premaxilla, one of the bones of the tip of the snout. This specimen was found in rocks of the lower Santonian-age Upper Cretaceous Yalovach Svita of Kansai, in the Fergana Basin of Tajikistan. Additional fossils including vertebrae and bony armor have been assigned to this genus.  It would have been a large animal, estimated at between 5–7 metres (16–23 ft) long. Kansajsuchus was described in 1975 by Mikhail Efimov.  The type species is Kansajsuchus extensus.

Paralligatoridae
Paralligatoridae is an extinct family of neosuchian crocodyliforms that existed during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. It includes the genera Paralligator, Brillanceausuchus, Kansajsuchus, Shamosuchus, Doratodon, Scolomastax, Sabresuchus, Rugosuchus, and Batrachomimus.
Dice control
Dice control in casino craps is a controversial theory where proponents claim that individuals can learn to carefully toss the dice so as to influence the outcome. A small but dedicated community of dice shooters claim proof of dice influencing in casino conditions. The concept of such precision shooting claims to elevate craps from a random game of chance to a sport, like bowling, darts, or pool. Many within the advantage gambling community still doubt if dice control can overcome the house advantage on craps.

Craps
Craps is a dice game in which players bet on the outcomes of the roll of a pair of dice. Players can wager money against each other (playing "street craps") or against a bank ("casino craps"). Because it requires little equipment, "street craps" can be played in informal settings. While shooting craps, players may use slang terminology to place bets and actions.
The Parliaments
The Parliaments were an American vocal quintet from Plainfield, New Jersey, United States. Originally formed in the back room of a barbershop in 1956, the quintet was named after the cigarette brand. The Parliaments initially performed doo-wop music; after some early personnel changes their lineup solidified with George Clinton, Ray Davis, Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and Grady Thomas. Clinton was group leader and manager, and part owner of the barbershop where the group convened to entertain customers. The group later changed its style, evolving into the bands Parliament and Funkadelic, which found success in the 1970s.

Funkadelic
Funkadelic was an American funk rock band formed in Plainfield, New Jersey in 1968 and active until 1982. As one of the two flagship groups of George Clinton's P-Funk collective, they helped pioneer the funk music culture of the 1970s. Funkadelic initially formed as a backing band for Clinton's vocal group the Parliaments (later the full-fledged band Parliament), but eventually pursued a heavier, psychedelic rock-oriented sound in their own recordings. They released acclaimed albums such as Maggot Brain (1971) and One Nation Under a Groove (1978).
Newcastle Industrial School for Girls
Newcastle Industrial School for Girls (now, Newcastle Government House; 1867–1887) is a defunct Australian girls' school, which was located in 72 Watt Street, Newcastle, New South Wales. On 26 May 1871, the younger girls left the Newcastle Industrial School, and removed to a new institution at Cockatoo Island, named the Biloela Industrial School for Girls. The Newcastle Industrial School for Girls closed in 1887, when all the remaining girls removed to Parramatta Girls School in Parramatta. The building that housed the Newcastle Industrial School for Girls at 72 Watt Street is now the Newcastle Government House.

Parramatta Girls Home
The Parramatta Girls Home, also known as Parramatta Girls Industrial School, Industrial School for Girls, Girls Training School and Girls Training Home, was a state-controlled child-welfare institution located in Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia, which operated from 1887 until 1974.

In 2017 the site became heritage-listed as part of the Parramatta Female Factory and Institutions Precinct.
MCPA
MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a widely used phenoxy herbicide introduced in 1945. It selectively controls broad-leaf weeds in pasture and cereal crops. The mode of action of MCPA is as an auxin, which are growth hormones that naturally exist in plants.

Auxin
Auxins (plural of auxin /ˈɔːksɪn/) are a class of plant hormones (or plant-growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics. Auxins play a cardinal role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in plant life cycles and are essential for plant body development. The Dutch biologist Frits Warmolt Went first described auxins and their role in plant growth in the 1920s.
Kenneth V. Thimann became the first to isolate one of these phytohormones and to determine its chemical structure as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Went and Thimann co-authored a book on plant hormones, Phytohormones, in 1937.
Citharidae
The Citharidae or largescale flounders are a small family of flounders with four genera. Three genera are restricted to the Indo-Pacific, while Citharus is from the Mediterranean and East Atlantic (off northwest Africa). There are a total of seven species. Species reach lengths ranging between 14 and 36 centimetres (5.5 and 14.2 in).

Taxa include:

Subfamily Brachypleurinae
Genus Brachypleura
Brachypleura novaezeelandiae – yellow-dabbled flounder
Genus Lepidoblepharon
Lepidoblepharon ophthalmolepis – scale-eyed flounder

Subfamily Citharinae
Genus Citharoides
Citharoides axillaris
Citharoides macrolepidotus – branched ray flounder
Citharoides macrolepis – twospot largescale flounder
Citharoides orbitalis
Genus Citharus
Citharus linguatula – spotted flounder

The extinct genus †Rhombocitharus Schwarzhans, 1994 is known from fossil otoliths from the early-mid Eocene of Denmark, the Oligocene of Germany, and the Oligocene to Miocene of New Zealand.

Citharus
Citharus linguatula, the spotted flounder or Atlantic spotted flounder, is a species of fish in the Citharidae, a family of flounders. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean (off northwest Africa) and the Mediterranean Sea, where it is found to a depth of 300 m (980 ft).  This species grows to a total length of 30 cm (12 in) .  It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries.  This species is the only known member of its monotypic genus.
Maker's Mark
Maker's Mark  is a small-batch bourbon whisky produced in Loretto, Kentucky, by Suntory Global Spirits. It is bottled at 90 U.S. proof (45% alcohol by volume) and sold in squarish bottles sealed with red wax. The distillery offers tours and is part of the American Whiskey Trail and the Kentucky Bourbon Trail.

Suntory Global Spirits
Suntory Global Spirits Inc., formerly known as Beam Suntory, Inc., and before that as Beam, Inc., is an American beverage company that is a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings, a Japanese multinational beverage conglomerate. The company produces alcoholic beverages.

It is the third-largest producer of distilled beverages worldwide, behind Diageo and Pernod Ricard. The company's principal products include Bourbon whiskey, Japanese whisky, Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, Canadian whisky, tequila, vodka, cognac, rum, gin, cordials, and ready-to-drink pre-mixed cocktails.
EMdloti
eMdloti, alternatively rendered Umdloti and also known as Umdloti Beach, is a small resort village situated along the KwaZulu-Natal North Coast, South Africa. It lies at the mouth of the Mdloti River approximately 24 km north-east (14,9 mi) of Durban and 11 km (6.8 mi) north-east of uMhlanga and now forms part of eThekwini, the Greater Durban Metropolitan Municipality.

The name Mdloti is the Zulu word for a species of wild tobacco that grows here.

UMhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal
uMhlanga, alternatively rendered Umhlanga, is a residential, commercial and resort town  north of Durban on the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, which was created in 2000 and includes the greater Durban area. The name means "place of reeds" in the Zulu language, and the correct pronunciation of "hl" in uMhlanga is similar to the Welsh "ll".

uMhlanga is well known for the Gateway Theatre of Shopping, the largest shopping mall in the Southern Hemisphere. It also has the tallest skyscraper in South Africa outside Johannesburg, Pearl Dawn, at 152 m. uMhlanga is one of the fastest-growing towns in South Africa; its population increased 57.5% from 15,387 in the 2001 census to 24,238 in the 2011 census.
Richard Bass
Richard Daniel Bass (December 21, 1929 – July 26, 2015) was an American businessman, rancher and mountaineer. He was the owner of Snowbird Ski Resort in Utah and the first man to climb the "Seven Summits", the tallest mountain on each continent.

In 1985, he became the oldest person to reach the summit of Mount Everest, aged 55. He climbed with David Breashears and Nepalese sherpa Ang Phurba, surpassing the record by five years set in April of that year by Englishman Chris Bonington. Bass's record stood until 1993 when it was broken by 60-year-old Ramon Blanco.

David Breashears
David Finlay Breashears (December 20, 1955 – March 14, 2024) was an American mountaineer, filmmaker, author and motivational speaker. In 1985, he reached the summit of Mount Everest a second time, becoming the first American to reach the summit of Mount Everest more than once.

He was the director and cinematographer of Everest (1998), which became the highest-grossing IMAX documentary at the time of its release. During the film's production, he assisted in rescue efforts during the 1996 Everest disaster.