hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prižba
Prižba is a small village on the island of Korčula in Croatia. Korcula is part of the Dalmatian coast and it belongs to the Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Prizba is part of the Municipality of Blato.

This village is located on the southern coast of Korčula, and its shape follows the coastline. Prižba is 10 km away from the town Blato, 16 km from Vela Luka, 4 km from Brna and 8 km from Smokvica. Prizba is made up of several smaller bays and two peninsulas, Ratak and Priscapac. Priscapac is also a small tourist resort with a small pebble beach.

Korčula
Korčula (Croatian: [kɔ̂ːrtʃula] ⓘ) is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea. It has an area of 279 km2 (108 sq mi), is 46.8 km (29.1 mi) long and on average 7.8 km (4.8 mi) wide, and lies just off the Dalmatian coast. Its 15,522 inhabitants (2011) make it the second most populous Adriatic island after Krk. The population are almost entirely ethnic Croats (95.74%). The island is twinned with Rothesay in Scotland. It is known for Grk, a white wine that is only produced on the island and not exported due to limited production.
Informant (statistics)
In statistics, the score (or informant) is the gradient of the log-likelihood function with respect to the parameter vector. Evaluated at a particular value of the parameter vector, the score indicates the steepness of the log-likelihood function and thereby the sensitivity to infinitesimal changes to the parameter values. If the log-likelihood function is continuous over the parameter space, the score will vanish at a local maximum or minimum; this fact is used in maximum likelihood estimation to find the parameter values that maximize the likelihood function.

Since the score is a function of the observations, which are subject to sampling error, it lends itself to a test statistic known as score test in which the parameter is held at a particular value. Further, the ratio of two likelihood functions evaluated at two distinct parameter values can be understood as a definite integral of the score function.

Likelihood function
A likelihood function (often simply called the likelihood) measures how well a statistical model explains observed data by calculating the probability of seeing that data under different parameter values of the model. It is constructed from the joint probability distribution of the random variable that (presumably) generated the observations. When evaluated on the actual data points, it becomes a function solely of the model parameters.

In maximum likelihood estimation, the model parameter(s) or argument that maximizes the likelihood function serves as a point estimate for the unknown parameter, while the Fisher information (often approximated by the likelihood's Hessian matrix at the maximum) gives an indication of the estimate's precision.

In contrast, in Bayesian statistics, the estimate of interest is the converse of the likelihood, the so-called posterior probability of the parameter given the observed data, which is calculated via Bayes' rule.
Irrawaddy Bridge
The Irrawaddy Bridge (Yadanabon) (Burmese: ဧရာဝတီတံတား (ရတနာပုံ)) (also Ayeyarwady Bridge, Yadanabon Bridge,  Yadanar Pone Bridge or New Ava Bridge) is a bridge in Mandalay, Myanmar. It crosses the Irrawaddy River, to the southwest of Mandalay and Amarapura and just to the north of the old Ava Bridge, and is also known as the New Ava Bridge. It was completed in 2008.

Ava Bridge
The Ava Bridge (Burmese: အင်းဝတံတား) was a 16-span simply supported bridge between Ava and Sagaing, Mandalay Division, Burma. It was built by the British in 1934. The bridge was destroyed by the retreating British Army during World War II and was rebuilt in 1954 after Burmese independence. It was the only bridge to span the Irrawaddy River until the early 21st century, when a spate of bridge construction was carried out by the government, including the new Irrawaddy Bridge, completed in 2008.
Due to the 2025 Myanmar earthquake, the bridge collapsed into the Irrawaddy River. Additionally, there were severe ground cracks around the bridge, in the soil.
Tan Jianci
Tan Jianci (Chinese: 檀健次; pinyin: Tán Jiàncì; born October 5, 1990), also known by his stage name JC-T, is a Chinese actor, singer, and dancer. He is the youngest member of the Chinese idol group M.I.C. Tan Jianci is active as an actor in China and is known for his roles as Sima Zhao in The Advisors Alliance (2017), Cao Pi in Secret of the Three Kingdoms (2018), Chen Renxiang in Winter Begonia (2020), Shen Yi in Under the Skin (2022), and Xiang Liu / Fangfeng Bei in Lost You Forever (2023). He has been a permanent cast of the variety show Hello Saturday since 2022.

M.I.C. (band)
M.I.C. (MIC男团) is a five-member Chinese boy band, which started in 2006 and released a debut EP in October 2010. The band has won some of the most important Asian entertainment business awards, including the Top Chinese Music Awards, Shanghai Media Group's "ERS Chinese Top Ten 2010" and the Vanguard 2010 Music Event, and released albums in 2011 and 2012.
Ho Miu-ling
Ho Miu-ling (1847–1937) was a philanthropist in British Hong Kong. Her influential family included her brother, barrister Kai Ho, her husband, diplomat Wu Tingfang, and her son, diplomat Wu Chaoshu. The Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital is named for her and for her sister-in-law, Alice Walkden.

Wu Ting-fang
Wu Ting-fang (Chinese: 伍廷芳; 30 July 1842 – 23 June 1922) was a Chinese calligrapher, diplomat, lawyer, politician, and writer who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and briefly as Acting Premier during the early years of the Republic of China. He was also known as Ng Choy or Ng Achoy (Chinese: 伍才; pinyin: Wǔ Cái).
Georgetown, South Carolina
Georgetown is the third oldest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina and the county seat of Georgetown County, in the Lowcountry. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 8,403, a decrease from the 2010 census of 9,163. Located on Winyah Bay at the confluence of the Black, Great Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Sampit rivers, Georgetown is the second largest seaport in South Carolina, handling over 960,000 tons of materials a year, while Charleston is the largest.

Beginning in the colonial era, Georgetown was the commercial center of an indigo- and rice-producing area. Rice replaced indigo as the chief commodity crop in the antebellum era. A timber industry also developed and sawmills were built.

Sampit River
The Sampit River begins in a swampy area of western Georgetown County, South Carolina, USA.  It flows in an easterly direction to Winyah Bay at Georgetown. Only small crafts can navigate the upper parts of the river. The lower river merges into the bay and is deepened by tidal flows, and (to Georgetown harbor) by dredging.

During colonial and antebellum years, areas near the river were developed extensively for rice cultivation, on large plantations dependent on labor of African slaves.  They created complex earthworks with dams and other elements to irrigate the rice fields using tidewaters.  In this and other areas of the Low Country, African Americans developed the Gullah people and culture, a distinct creole culture with strong connections through culture, language and cuisine to West African peoples.
Niels Lan Doky
Niels Lan Doky (born 3 October 1963) is a Danish jazz pianist, composer and producer. He is the older brother of jazz bassist Chris Minh Doky. Niels is engaged to American dancer, actress, and singer Mayte Garcia.

Chris Minh Doky
Chris Minh Doky (born 7 February 1969) is a Danish jazz bassist. He is the younger brother of jazz pianist Niels Lan Doky. He released his first album, Appreciation, in 1989 four years after picking up the instrument.

As a sideman, he has collaborated with Mike Stern, Michael Brecker, Trilok Gurtu, Ryuichi Sakamoto, and David Sanborn.

His sound is often described as a blend of his native Scandinavian tradition with the feel of his adopted homeland, the United States. He was married to Tanja, a lady-in-waiting to Denmark's Crown Princess Mary, but they divorced in 2014.
Georgia State Route 107
Georgia State Route 107 (SR 107) is a 61.8-mile-long (99.5 km) state highway that exists in the southern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels from Interstate 75 (I-75) in Ashburn to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) in rural Jeff Davis County.

Jeff Davis County, Georgia
Jeff Davis County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,779. The county seat is Hazlehurst. The county was created on August 18, 1905, and named for Jefferson Davis, the only Confederate president.
Newbury, New Hampshire
Newbury is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,172 at the 2020 census.

The town includes the villages of Newbury, Blodgett Landing and South Newbury, as well as a portion of Mount Sunapee Resort, a ski area, and a portion of Lake Sunapee, including the beach at Mount Sunapee State Park.

Mount Sunapee State Park
Mount Sunapee State Park is a public recreation area in Newbury, New Hampshire. The state park's nearly 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) include most of Mount Sunapee and a beach area on Lake Sunapee. Park activities include swimming, hiking, camping, skiing, fishing, picnicking, and non-motorized boating. The park's ski area is operated as Mount Sunapee Resort under the management of Vail Resorts Inc.

The park's beach, also known as Newbury Beach, features a bathhouse, store, canoe and kayak rentals, playground, and restricted boat launch. A seasonal campground is located off NH Route 103, up a winding mountain road accessed through Mount Sunapee Resort.
Rosa Rosal
Florence Lansang Danon-Gayda GCrGH (known professionally as Rosa Rosal; Tagalog: [ɾɔˈsɐ ɾɔˈsɐl]; October 16, 1928 – November 15, 2025) was a Filipino actress and humanitarian. She began her career as an actress in the late 1940s and remained active throughout the Golden Age of Philippine cinema, noted for her roles in Anak Dalita (1956), Badjao (1957), and Biyaya ng Lupa (1959). She ventured into television in the late 1960s as a presenter of public service shows and appeared in several drama series until 2005. Rosal was appointed a member of Philippine Red Cross board of governors in 1965 and pioneered mass blood-donation campaigns in the Philippines. Her accolades include a Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Order of the Golden Heart, two FAMAS Awards, and a Gawad Urian. Reader's Digest Asia named her the most trusted Filipino personality in 2010.

Philippine Red Cross
The Philippine Red Cross (PRC; Filipino: Krus na Pula ng Pilipinas; Spanish: Cruz Roja Filipina) is a non-profit humanitarian organization and a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

The PRC was established in 1947, with roots in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. It was initially involved only in the provision of blood and short-term palliatives as well as participation in disaster-related activities but they now focus on a wider array of humanitarian services.

At present, the PRC provides six major services: National Blood Services, Disaster Management Services, Safety Services, Health Services, Welfare Services and Red Cross Youth. The National Headquarters of the PRC is located at 37 EDSA corner Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila.
Anglo-American Club Zürich
Anglo-American Club Zürich (also Anglo-American F.C. Zürich) was a Swiss football club based in Zürich, who are known for being the winners of the first official national football championship (then Serie A) in 1899. The team was composed mainly of a group of English-speaking students of the chemical engineering department at the Federal Polytechnic School.

Their home ground was located at the Allmend, which used to be a meadow in what is now Oerlikon.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Bachelor of Divinity
In Western universities, a Bachelor of Divinity or Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD, DB, or BDiv; Latin: Baccalaureus Divinitatis) is an academic degree awarded for a course taken in the study of divinity or related disciplines, such as theology or, rarely, religious studies.

At the University of Cambridge, the Bachelor of Divinity degree is considered senior to the university's PhD degree.

In the Catholic universities the Bachelor of Sacred Theology (STB) is often called the Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD) and is treated as a postgraduate qualification.

In America, the BD was largely replaced by the Master of Divinity.

Bachelor of Theology
The Bachelor of Theology degree (BTh, ThB, or BTheol) is a two- to five-year undergraduate degree or graduate degree in theological disciplines and is typically (but not exclusively) pursued by those seeking ordination for ministry in a church, denomination, or parachurch organization.  Candidates for this degree typically must complete course work in Greek and (or) Hebrew, as well as systematic theology, biblical theology, ethics, homiletics, hermeneutics, counseling and Christian ministry. The Bachelor of Theology may include a thesis component and may consist of an additional year beyond the coursework requirements for the degrees of Bachelor of Religious Education and Bachelor of Arts. In some denominations, such as the Church of England or the Presbyterian Church in America, it is considered sufficient qualification for formal ordination.
Primera División A Clausura 2009
The Primera División A Clausura 2009 is a Mexican football tournament, the second of two short tournaments held during the 2008–2009 Mexican football season. It began on January 10, 2009 and will run until May 23 or May 24, 2009. The winner of the tournament will earn a place in the promotional playoff against Querétaro, the winners of the Apertura 2008 tournament, to determine which team will be promoted to the Primera División.

2008–09 Primera División A season
The format for the 2008–09 season changed from 2 groups of 12 to 3 groups of 9 teams. This gave the opportunity and the number increased from 24 to 27, many teams served as reserve teams from teams in D1.
Colora, Maryland
Colora is an unincorporated community in western Cecil County, Maryland, United States, near Conowingo and Port Deposit.

The ZIP Code of this area is 21917, and has some historic houses and some new structures, including several development neighborhoods.

It is also home to an apple orchard named "Colora Orchards" and to the school called West Nottingham Academy, from which former NBA player Josh Boone graduated in 2002. The school also educated famous contemporary artist Eric Fischl.

Colora is the location of Colora Meetinghouse, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.  The West Nottingham Academy Historic District was listed in 1990.

West Nottingham Academy
West Nottingham Academy is an independent co-ed school serves both boarding and day students in grades 9-12. It was founded in 1744 by the Presbyterian preacher Samuel Finley, who later became President of The College of New Jersey, which is now Princeton University. The 124-acre (0.50 km2), tree-lined campus is in Colora, Maryland near the Chesapeake Bay, an hour south of Philadelphia and 45 minutes north of Baltimore.

The school claims to be "the oldest boarding school in the United States" and has the oldest founding date of any school still in operation.
Philippe Vergne
Philippe Vergne (born 1966) is a French curator who has been serving as director of the Serralves Contemporary Art Museum since 2019.

From 2014 to 2019, Vergne was director of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA). He was the director of the Dia Art Foundation, New York from 2008 to 2014 and the deputy director and Chief Curator of the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, from 2005 to 2008.

Serralves
Serralves is a cultural institution located in Porto, Portugal. It includes a contemporary art museum, a park, and a villa, with each one of these being an example of contemporary architecture, Modernism, and Art Deco architecture. The museum, designed by Álvaro Siza Vieira, is now the second most visited museum in Portugal (almost 1 million visitors per year).
Wabasha III
Wabasha III (Wapahaśa) (c. 1816–1876) was a prominent Dakota Sioux chief, also known as Joseph Wabasha. He succeeded his father as head chief of the Mdewakanton Dakota in 1836. Following the Dakota War of 1862 and the forced removal of the Dakota to Crow Creek Reservation, Wabasha became known as head chief of the Santee Sioux. In the final years of his life, Chief Wabasha helped his people rebuild their lives at the Santee Reservation in Nebraska.

In 1862, Wabasha had opposed the Dakota uprising from the start but had struggled to gain support. In the final weeks of the war, Wabasha — together with Wakute II and Taopi — sent messages to Colonel Henry Hastings Sibley voicing their opposition to Little Crow and offering their assistance to the U.S. Wabasha's son-in-law, Hdainyanka, was one of the 38 Dakota men executed in Mankato, Minnesota on December 26, 1862.

In 1986, a bust of Chief Wabasha III was installed at the Minnesota State Capitol.

Mdewakanton
The Mdewakanton or Mdewakantonwan (also spelled Mdewákhaŋthuŋwaŋ and currently pronounced Bdewákhaŋthuŋwaŋ) are one of the sub-tribes of the Isanti (Santee) Dakota (Sioux).  Their historic home is Mille Lacs Lake (Dakota: Mde Wákhaŋ/Bde Wákhaŋ, Spirit/Mystic Lake) in central Minnesota.  Together with the Wahpekute (Waȟpékhute – "Shooters Among the Trees"), they form the so-called Upper Council of the Dakota or Santee Sioux (Isáŋyáthi – "Knife Makers"). Today their descendants are members of federally recognized tribes in Minnesota, South Dakota and Nebraska of the United States, and First Nations in Manitoba, Canada.
Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja
Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja (born 28 December 1993) is an Indonesian badminton player affiliated with PB Djarum since 2007. She was the 2011 Indonesia National and World Junior Champions in the mixed doubles event. For her achievements, Widjaja was awarded as the best Djarum player of the year. She won her first senior international title in 2014 Macau Open Grand Prix Gold.

2014 Macau Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2014 Macau Open Grand Prix Open was the eighteenth tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was held in Tap Seac Multi-sports Pavilion, Macau November 25–30, 2014 and had a total purse of $120,000.
Garissa County
Garissa County is a county in Kenya located in Eastern Kenya bordering Somalia to the East, Wajir County and Isiolo County to the North, Tana River County to the West, Lamu County to the South and the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest urban area is Garissa.

The county was created by the 2010 Constitution of Kenya as a new unit of the devolved government. Prior to the 2010 constitution, Garissa County was part of the North Eastern Province which was one of the former provinces of Kenya. The North Eastern Province was carved out of the then Northern Frontier District (NFD) prior to independence.

The county had a population of 800,000 at the 2019 Census, and a land area of about 44,753 km2 (17,279 sq mi). The majority of the population in Garissa County is of Somali ethnic background. This includes subgroups like the Ogaden, Degodia, Ajuran, and others. There are also smaller populations of other ethnic groups.

Wajir County
Wajir County is a county in the former North Eastern Province of Kenya. Its capital and largest town is Wajir. The county had a population of 781,263 during the 2019 Census. It has an area of 55,840.6 km2 (21,560.2 sq mi). The county is bordered to the north by Ethiopia, to the northeast by Mandera County, to the east by Somalia, to the south by Garissa County, to the west by Isiolo County and to the northwest by Marsabit County.
Carvins Cove, Virginia
Carvins Cove was a community in both Botetourt and Roanoke County, Virginia, United States, that was abandoned and subsequently inundated in order to create the Carvins Cove Reservoir by the City of Roanoke in the mid–1940s.

Carvins Cove Natural Reserve
Carvins Cove Natural Reserve is a 12,700-acre (51 km2) city park in Botetourt and Roanoke counties, Virginia. Managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority and the City of Roanoke, it is the fifth-largest city park in the United States, and the second-largest city park managed by a municipality. Within the park's boundary is Carvins Cove Reservoir and also the main ridgeline of Brushy Mountain, which rises about 1200 feet above the lake's waterline.
Gammoid
In matroid theory, a field within mathematics, a gammoid is a certain kind of matroid, describing sets of vertices that can be reached by vertex-disjoint paths in a directed graph.

The concept of a gammoid was introduced and shown to be a matroid by Hazel Perfect (1968), based on considerations related to Menger's theorem characterizing the obstacles to the existence of systems of disjoint paths. Gammoids were given their name by Pym (1969) and studied in more detail by Mason (1972).

Menger's theorem
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, Menger's theorem says that in a finite graph, the size of a minimum cut set is equal to the maximum number of disjoint paths that can be found between any pair of vertices.
Proved by Karl Menger in 1927, it characterizes the connectivity of a graph.
It is generalized by the max-flow min-cut theorem, which is a weighted, edge version, and which in turn is a special case of the strong duality theorem for linear programs.
Elliot Ackerman
Elliot Ackerman (born April 12, 1980) is an American author, former Marine Raider and CIA Special Activities Officer. He is the New York Times–bestselling author of the novels 2034: A Novel of the Next World War, Red Dress In Black and White, Waiting for Eden, Dark at the Crossing, and Green on Blue, and the upcoming Halcyon: A Novel, as well as the memoirs The Fifth Act: America's End in Afghanistan and Places and Names: On War, Revolution, and Returning. His books have received significant critical acclaim, including nominations for the National Book Award, the Andrew Carnegie Medals in both fiction and non-fiction, and the Dayton Literary Peace Prize. He served as a White House fellow in the Obama administration and is a Marine veteran who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. He is a contributing writer to The Atlantic and The New York Times. He was awarded the Silver Star, the Bronze Star with Valor, and a Purple Heart during his five deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq.

Red Dress in Black & White
Red Dress in Black & White is a novel written by Elliot Ackerman. The title references actual news photos taken during 2013 protests in Turkey's Gezi Park of a woman with black hair, wearing a red dress and carrying a white bag, who was attacked by the police. Ackerman was based in Turkey for several years as a journalist, and the book was released the week of the seventh anniversary of the protests. The book was nominated 2021 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Fiction.
Endeavour (train)
The Endeavour was a long-distance passenger train service between Wellington and Napier (and for part of its history, Gisborne) in the North Island of New Zealand. The service was modelled on the Southerner service in the South Island, and operated from Sunday 6 November 1972 to Sunday 10 November 1989.

Southerner (New Zealand train)
The Southerner was a passenger express train in New Zealand's South Island between Christchurch and Invercargill along the South Island Main Trunk, that ran from Tuesday 1 December 1970 to Sunday 10 February 2002. It was one of the premier passenger trains in New Zealand and its existence made Invercargill the southernmost passenger station in the world. The service returned for a limited time in May 2025.