hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iconography of Charlemagne
The rich iconography of Charlemagne is a reflection of Charlemagne's special position in Europe's collective memory, as the greatest of the Frankish kings, founder of the Holy Roman Empire, unifier of Western Europe, protector of the Catholic Church, promoter of education and of the Carolingian Renaissance, fictional precursor of the crusades, one of the Nine Worthies, a (contested) Catholic saint, and a national icon in Andorra, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland.

Nine Worthies
The Nine Worthies are nine historical, scriptural, and legendary men of distinction who personify the ideals of chivalry established in the Middle Ages, whose lives were deemed a valuable study for aspirants to chivalric status. All were commonly referred to as 'Princes', regardless of their historical titles. In French they are called Les Neuf Preux or "Nine Valiants", giving a more specific idea of the moral virtues they exemplified: those of soldierly courage and generalship.  In Italy they are known as i Nove Prodi.

The Nine Worthies include three pagans (Hector, Alexander the Great, and Julius Caesar), three Jews (Joshua, David, and Judas Maccabeus), and three Christians (King Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouillon).
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member states, has its seat in The Hague, Netherlands; it oversees the global endeavour for the permanent and verifiable elimination of chemical weapons.

The organisation promotes and verifies the adherence to the Chemical Weapons Convention, which prohibits the use of chemical weapons and requires their destruction. Verification consists both of evaluation of declarations by member states and onsite inspections.

The organisation was awarded the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize "for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons". Nobel Committee chairman Thorbjørn Jagland said, "The conventions and the work of the OPCW have defined the use of chemical weapons as a taboo under international law".

2013 Nobel Peace Prize
The 2013 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (founded in 1997) for their "extensive work to eliminate chemical weapons". The award citation indicated the organization was awarded the prize, because they "have defined the use of chemical weapons as taboo under international law. Recent events in Syria, where chemical weapons have again been put to use, have underlined the need to enhance the efforts to do away with such weapons." The committee criticized Russia and the United States for not meeting the extended deadline for destruction of its chemical weapons, and noted that certain countries "are still not members". The OPCW was the 22nd organization to be awarded the prize.
Aaron B. Grosh
Reverend Aaron Burt Grosh (May 22, 1803 – March 27, 1884), a Universalist minister, was one of the eight founders, and the first chaplain, of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, a fraternal organization in the United States. He had a major part in the design of the Grange ritual and was also responsible for the various songs used during various celebrations of the Grange.

Grosh accepted a position in the U.S. Department of Agriculture soon after its establishment, where he served as the first Department Librarian of the United States National Agricultural Library from 1864 until 1869.

He wrote a volume for members of the Grange to give them a better understanding of the organization and its teachings. He also wrote the Odd Fellows Improved Manual for the same purpose.

National Grange
The National Grange, also known as The Grange and officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the Granger Laws to lower rates charged by railroads, and rural free mail delivery by the Post Office.

In 2025, the Grange had a membership of 140,000, with organizations in 1,400 communities. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges continue to serve as a center of rural life for many farming communities.
Plunger pump
A plunger pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-pressure seal is stationary and a smooth cylindrical plunger slides through the seal. This makes them different from piston pumps and allows them to be used at higher pressures. This type of pump is often used to transfer municipal and industrial sewage.

Piston pump
A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-pressure seal reciprocates with the piston. Piston pumps can be used to move liquids or compress gases. They can operate over a wide range of pressures. High pressure operation can be achieved without adversely affecting flow rate. Piston pumps can also deal with viscous media and media containing solid particles. This pump type functions through a piston cup, oscillation mechanism where down-strokes cause pressure differentials, filling of pump chambers, where up-stroke forces the pump fluid out for use. Piston pumps are often used in scenarios requiring high, consistent pressure and in water irrigation or delivery systems.
Abdulla Zakirov
Abdulla Zakirov (27 February 1918 – 3 December 1981) was a Chinese politician who held high-ranking positions in his native Xinjiang. A Uyghur from the far-western city of Yining (Ghulja), he was a leader of the East Turkestan Revolutionary Party before joining the Chinese Communist Party after the incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. His son Shohrat Zakir also became a prominent politician of the PRC.

Shohrat Zakir
Shohrat Zakir (Chinese: 雪克来提·扎克尔; Uyghur: شۆھرەت زاكىر; born August 1953) is a Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity who served as the chairman of Xinjiang and the deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xinjiang Committee from 2014 to 2021.

Born in Yining (Ghulja), he studied computer science in Hubei Province, and later attended Tianjin University. Between 2000 and 2005, he served as the mayor of Ürümqi. He served as the chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region between 2015 and 2021. Between 2017 and 2022, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. In March 2023, he was appointed a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Gornji grad, Zagreb
Gornji grad (meaning "Upper Town") is a historic part of Zagreb, Croatia, and together with Kaptol it is the medieval nucleus of the city, when it was best known as Gradec (pronounced [grǎdet͡s]) or Grič (pronounced [grîːtʃ], Hungarian: Gréc, Latin: Mons Graecensis prope Zagrabiam). It is situated on the hill of Grič. Today this neighbourhood forms part of the Gornji Grad-Medveščak district. St. Mark's Square is the centre of the Upper Town and St. Mark's Church which is located on the square.

Kaptol, Zagreb
Kaptol is a part of Zagreb, Croatia in the Upper Town and it is the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Zagreb. Due to its historical associations, in Croatian "Kaptol" is also used as a metonym for the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church in Croatia.
Big Bad Wolf (roller coaster)
Big Bad Wolf was a suspended roller coaster in the Oktoberfest section of Busch Gardens Williamsburg. Designed by Arrow Dynamics, the roller coaster opened to the public on June 15, 1984. The Big Bad Wolf celebrated its 25th Anniversary on June 15th, 2009. The ride was in service for more than 25 years before closing permanently on September 7, 2009. The footers, queue line, and station were re-purposed for Verbolten, a roller coaster that was introduced in 2012.

Verbolten
Verbolten is a Zierer multi-launched partially enclosed steel roller coaster at Busch Gardens Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia. The concept was jointly designed by the park's creative design team and by Zierer of Germany. "Verbolten" is a play on words of the German word verboten, which translates to "forbidden" in English.
Tracks II: The Lost Albums
Tracks II: The Lost Albums is a box set compilation album by American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen. It was released on June 27, 2025, through Columbia Records and serves as a follow-up to his 1998 box set Tracks, featuring previously unreleased songs recorded between 1983 and 2018. The collection is organized into seven thematic albums, each showcasing rare and archival material from various sessions throughout Springsteen's career. To promote the release of the box set, Springsteen released six songs, one every two weeks, as promotional singles prior to the release of the box set.

The box set received the Grammy Award for Best Recording Package at the 68th Annual Grammy Awards in 2026.

Tracks (Bruce Springsteen album)
Tracks is a four-disc box set by the American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, released in 1998 containing 66 songs. This box set mostly consists of never-before-released songs recorded during the sessions for his many albums, but also includes a number of single B-sides, as well as demos and alternate versions of already-released material.
Neeraj Kayal
Neeraj Kayal (Hindi: नीरज कयाल) is an Indian computer scientist and mathematician noted for development of the AKS primality test, along with Manindra Agrawal and Nitin Saxena. Kayal was born and raised in Guwahati, India.

Manindra Agrawal
Manindra Agrawal (born 20 May 1966) is an Indian computer scientist and director of Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He is also a professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He was the recipient of the first Infosys Prize for Mathematics, the Godel Prize in 2006; and the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Mathematical Sciences in 2003. He has been honoured with Padma Shri, India's 4th highest civilian award, in 2013.
Heckler & Koch HK32
The HK32 is a prototype assault rifle designed and manufactured by Heckler & Koch between the 1960s and late 1970s to further develop and modernize the HK G3 rifle. Few examples were made, and it never entered service before Germany adopted the G36 in the late 1990s.

Because of increasing demand for HK rifles to enter the US civilian market, modernized versions of the G3 rifle and variations are manufactured through the PTR series of weapons, which included a version of the HK32 known as the PTR-32.

Heckler & Koch G3
The Heckler & Koch G3 (German: Gewehr 3) is a select-fire battle rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO developed in the 1950s by the West German firearms manufacturer Heckler & Koch, in collaboration with the Spanish state-owned firearms manufacturer CETME. The G3 was the service rifle of the West German Bundeswehr until it was replaced by the Heckler & Koch G36 in the 1990s after German reunification, and was adopted into service with numerous other countries.

The G3 has been exported to over 70 countries and manufactured under license in at least 15 countries. Over 7.8 million G3s have been produced. Its modular design was used for several other HK firearm models, including the HK21, MP5, HK33, PSG1, and G41.
Austin Maxi
The Austin Maxi is a medium-sized, 5-door hatchback family car that was produced by Austin and later British Leyland between 1969 and 1981.

Despite its practical design and remarkable space efficiency (it is shorter, narrower and lower than the sixth generation Ford Fiesta), the Maxi never came close to reaching its projected sales targets. Just under half a million were built over a 12 year period. BL management decisions involving the Maxi had significant knock-on effects to the rest of the car line-up. BL marketing decreed that the Maxi should be the only car in the range to feature a hatchback. This stance prevented the Austin Allegro and Princess models gaining hatchbacks despite those designs being capable of receiving them.

Austin Allegro
The Austin Allegro is a small family car that was manufactured by the Austin-Morris division of British Leyland (BL) from 1973 until 1982. The same vehicle was built in Italy by Innocenti between 1974 and 1975 and sold as the Innocenti Regent. The Allegro was designed as a replacement for the Austin 1100 and 1300 models. In total, 642,350 Austin Allegros were produced during its 10-year production life, most of which were sold on the home market, less than a third of 2.1 million 1100s and 1300s sold in the previous 11 years.

It was built and sold by British Leyland alongside the hatchback Austin Maxi (launched in 1969) and the 1971 rear-wheel-drive Morris Marina. All three were eventually replaced by the Austin Maestro in 1983.
Nucleus proprius of spinal cord
The nucleus proprius of spinal cord is a layer of the spinal cord adjacent to the substantia gelatinosa. The nucleus proprius can be found in the gray matter in all levels of the spinal cord. It constitutes the first synapse of the posterior gray column carrying pain, temperature and crude touch sensations from peripheral nerves. Cells in this nucleus project to deeper laminae of the spinal cord, to the posterior column nuclei, and to other supraspinal relay centers including the midbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Rexed laminae III and IV make up the nucleus proprius.

The neurons of the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando (Rexed lamina II) are involved in sensing pain and temperature.

Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando (SGR) (or gelatinous substance of the posterior horn), is a part of the spinal column. It forms the apex of the posterior grey column, one of three grey columns in the spinal cord. It is a v-shaped, translucent mass of neuroglia containing neuroglia cells and small neurons. Its gelatinous appearance derives from abundant neuropil with few myelinated fibers. It spans the entire spinal cord, extending into the medulla oblongata as the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Named after Luigi Rolando, it corresponds to Rexed lamina II.
South Iwo Jima
South Iwo Jima (南硫黄島, Minami-Iōtō; "South Sulfur Island"), officially Minami or South Iōtō (written with the same characters) since 18 June 2007 and also formerly known as Santo Agustino, is a 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi) uninhabited island in the North Pacific. Located 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of Iwo Jima, it is the southernmost of the Volcano Islands, part of the Nanpo Archipelago. Farallon de Pajaros is the next island to its south, 541 kilometers (336 mi) away in the Northern Mariana Islands.

Occupied by the United States Armed Forces following World War II, South Iwo Jima was restored to Japanese control in 1968. It is now administered as part of Ogasawara Subprefecture in the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

Volcano Islands
The Volcano Islands (火山列島, Kazan Rettō), also known as Iwo Islands (硫黄列島, Iō Rettō) are a group of three Japanese islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. They lie southwest of the Ogasawara Islands and are administered as part of the Ogasawara, Tokyo Metropolis. The islands are all active volcanoes lying atop the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc that stretches south to the Marianas. They have an area of 32.55 square kilometres (12.57 mi2), and a population of 380. The island of Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands lies about 1,240 kilometres (670 nmi; 771 mi) southeast of Miyazaki.
Menominee County, Michigan
Menominee County (/məˈnɒməni/ mə-NAH-mə-nee) is a county located in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,502. The county seat is Menominee. The county's name comes from an Ojibwe word meaning "wild rice eater" used to describe the Menominee people. The county was created in 1861 from the area partitioned out of Delta County, under the name of Bleeker. When the county government was organized in 1863, the name was changed to Menominee.

Menominee County is part of the Marinette, WI–MI micropolitan statistical area.

Menominee, Michigan
Menominee (/məˈnɒməni/ mə-NOM-ə-nee) is a city in Menominee County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 8,488 at the 2020 census. It is located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, on the north bank of the Menominee River at its mouth on Green Bay, part of Lake Michigan. Menominee is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula, behind Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, and Escanaba. Menominee Township is located to the north of the city, but is politically autonomous. Menominee is part of the Marinette micropolitan area.
Who Killed The JAMs?
Who Killed The JAMs? is the second studio album by The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (The JAMs), and the final one under the JAMs moniker before renaming themselves The KLF. Similar in style to the preceding 1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?), the album is a fusion of hip hop, drum machines and samples of a diversity of musical works, although in general the samples are more covertly integrated here than they are in 1987.

1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?)
1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?) is the debut studio album by British electronic band the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (the JAMs), later known as the KLF. 1987 was produced using extensive unauthorised samples that plagiarised a wide range of musical works, continuing a theme begun in the JAMs' debut single, "All You Need Is Love". These samples provided a deliberately provocative backdrop for beatbox rhythms and cryptic, political raps.

Shortly after independent release in June 1987, the JAMs were ordered by the Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society to destroy all unsold copies of the album, following a complaint from ABBA. In response, the JAMs disposed of many copies of 1987 in unorthodox, publicised ways. They also released a version of the album titled 1987 (The JAMs 45 Edits), stripped of all unauthorised samples to leave periods of protracted silence and so little audible content that it was formally classed as a 12-inch single.
WMGC-FM
WMGC-FM (105.1 MHz "105.1 The Bounce") is a commercial radio station in Detroit, Michigan. It is owned and operated by the Beasley Broadcast Group and airs a classic hip hop radio format. WMGC-FM broadcasts with 50,000 watts of effective radiated power (ERP) from a transmitter tower co-located with its studios and offices off Radio Plaza located in Royal Oak Charter Township in Oakland County.

Beasley Broadcast Group
Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc., based in Naples, Florida, is an owner/operator of radio stations in the United States.  As of February 2026, the company owns 49 stations under the Beasley Media Group name.
Chillagoe, Queensland
Chillagoe is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Chillagoe had a population of 214 people.

It was once a thriving mining town for a range of minerals, but is now reduced to a small zinc mine and some marble quarries.

Just out of town is the Chillagoe-Mungana Caves National Park containing limestone caves. There are between 600 and 1,000 caves in the Chillagoe-Mungana area. The caves, the spectacular karst landscape and the mining and smelting history are the main tourist attractions to the region.

It has been stated by leading geologist Professor Ian Plimer that the Chillagoe region has the most diverse geology in the world.

Shire of Mareeba
The Shire of Mareeba is a local government area at the base of Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, inland from Cairns. The shire, administered from the town of Mareeba, covered an area of 53,491 square kilometres (20,653.0 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several councils in the Atherton Tableland area to become the Tablelands Region.

On 20 March 2013, Mareeba residents voted in favour of a proposal to reverse the amalgamation and to re-establish Mareeba Shire.  The new Mareeba Shire was re-established on 1 January 2014.

In the 2021 census, the Shire of Mareeba had a population of 22,858 people.
Good King Wenceslas
"Good King Wencesla(u)s" (Roud number 24754) is a Christmas carol that tells a story of a tenth-century king of Bohemia (a former kingdom now within the modern day Czech Republic) who goes on a journey, braving harsh winter weather, to give alms to a poor peasant on the Feast of Stephen. During the journey, his page is about to give up the struggle against the cold weather, but is enabled to continue by following the king's footprints, step for step, through the deep snow.

The legend is based on a story about Saint Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (907–935).

In 1853, English hymnwriter John Mason Neale wrote the lyrics in collaboration with his music editor Thomas Helmore to fit the melody of the 13th-century spring carol "Tempus adest floridum" ("The Blooming Time Is Here"), which they had found in the 1582 Finnish song collection Piae Cantiones. The carol first appeared in Carols for Christmas-Tide, published by Novello & Co the same year.

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav [ˈvaːtslaf] ⓘ; c. 907 – 28 September 935), Wenceslas I or Václav the Good was the Prince (kníže) of Bohemia from 921 until his death, probably in 935.  According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother, Boleslaus the Cruel.

His martyrdom and the popularity of several biographies gave rise to a reputation for heroic virtue that resulted in his sainthood. He was posthumously declared to be a king and patron saint of the Czech state. He is the subject of the well-known "Good King Wenceslas", a carol for Saint Stephen's Day.
God's Debris
God's Debris: A Thought Experiment is a 2001 novella by Dilbert creator Scott Adams. The introduction disclaims any personal views held by the author, "The opinions and philosophies expressed by the characters are not my own, except by coincidence in a few spots not worth mentioning."

God's Debris espouses a philosophy based on the idea that the simplest explanation tends to be the best. The book proposes a form of pandeism and monism, postulating that an omnipotent God annihilated Itself in the Big Bang, because an omniscient entity would already know everything possible except its own lack of existence, and existed since as the smallest units of matter and the law of probability, or "God's debris".

Pandeism
Pandeism, or pan-deism, is a theological doctrine that combines aspects of pantheism with aspects of deism. Unlike classical deism, which holds that the creator deity does not interfere with the universe after its creation, pandeism holds that such an entity became the universe and ceased to exist as a separate entity. Pandeism (as it relates to deism) purports to explain why God would create a universe and then appear to abandon it, and pandeism (as it relates to pantheism) seeks to explain the origin and purpose of the universe.

Various theories suggest the coining of pandeism as early as the 1780s. One of the earliest unequivocal uses of the word with its present meaning was in 1859 with Moritz Lazarus and Heymann Steinthal.