hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manitoba Highway 12
Provincial Trunk Highway 12 (PTH 12) is a provincial primary highway located in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Lying entirely in the Eastman Region, it runs from the U.S. border (where it meets with Minnesota State Highway 313) to a dead end in Grand Beach. PTH 12 forms the Manitoba section of MOM's Way, a tourist route from Thunder Bay to Winnipeg.  PTH 12 is primarily a two-lane highway except for two four-lane stretch between Steinbach and PTH 1 (22 kilometres) and a ten-kilometre concurrency with PTH 44.

Manitoba Highway 44
Provincial Trunk Highway 44 (PTH 44) is an east–west provincial highway in the Eastman Region of the Canadian province of Manitoba.

It begins at Highway 9 near Lockport, north of Winnipeg.  The highway travels east through Beausejour before heading southeast in concurrency with Highway 11 for approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) and then continues southeast through Whiteshell Provincial Park.  PTH 44 ends at the Trans-Canada Highway near the Ontario boundary. It is a substandard highway through Whiteshell Park, more comparable to a Provincial Road with little to no shoulder and an uneven driving surface. The speed limit along Highway 44 is 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) outside Whiteshell Park and between 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph) and 90 kilometres per hour (56 mph) within the park.
Studebaker Speedster
The Studebaker Speedster was an automobile produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana during the 1955 model year. The vehicle was considered Studebaker's halo model for the 1955 season. Studebaker had previously used the Speedster name in the early 1920s, and was a marketing strategy revival of the President during that time.

Studebaker President
The Studebaker President was the premier automobile model manufactured by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana in the United States from 1926 until 1942. The nameplate was reintroduced in 1955 and used until the end of the 1958 model when the name was retired.
Cang Prefecture
Cang Prefecture, also known as Cang Zhou or Cangzhou, was a prefecture of imperial China centered on modern Cang County in Cangzhou Prefecture, Hebei Province, China. It existed intermittently from 517 until 1913.

Cangzhou
Cangzhou is a prefecture-level city in China forming the southeastern extension of Hebei Province to the coast of the Bohai Sea between Tianjin and Shandong. At the 2020 census, Cangzhou's built-up (or metro) area made of Yunhe district, Xinhua district, and Cang County is largely conurbated with a population of 1,421,843 inhabitants, while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,300,783. The resident population at the end of 2024 was 7,227,700, a decrease of 36,900 from the end of the previous year. It lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the major port city of Tianjin, and 180 km (110 mi) from Beijing.
Samuel Adams Darcy
Samuel Adams Darcy (born Samuel Dardeck; 1905 – November 8, 2005) was an American political activist who was a prominent Communist leader in New York and California. He was active in the organization of New York City's unemployment march in 1930, as well as the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike. He was a supporter of Harry Bridges.

International Unemployment Day
International Unemployment Day (March 6, 1930) was a coordinated international campaign of marches and demonstrations, marked by hundreds of thousands of people in major cities around the world taking to the streets to protest mass unemployment associated with the Great Depression. The Unemployment Day marches, organized by the Communist International and coordinated by its various member parties, resulted in two deaths of protestors in Berlin, injuries at events in Vienna and the Basque city of Bilbao, and less violent outcomes in London and Sydney.

In the United States, full-scale riots erupted in New York City and Detroit when thousands of baton-wielding police attacked tens of thousands of marchers. A total of 30 American cities in all saw mass demonstrations as part of the March 6 campaign, including Boston, Milwaukee, Baltimore, Cleveland, Washington, DC, San Francisco, and Seattle.
Focal adhesion
Focal adhesions (FAs)  also cell–matrix adhesions  are large multiprotein complexes through which mechanical force and regulatory signals are transmitted between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an interacting cell. Focal adhesions are associated with the outer cell membrane, located at the ends of actin fibres of the cytoskeleton. They mediate the regulatory signaling events of a cell's response to ECM adhesion.

Focal adhesions serve as the mechanical linkages to the ECM, and as a biochemical signaling hub to concentrate and direct numerous signaling proteins at sites of integrin binding and clustering.

Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors).

Several types of integrins exist, and one cell generally has multiple different types on its surface. Integrins are found in all animal cells while integrin-like receptors are found in plant cells.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans, to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. Ligands for integrins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen and laminin.
Tom Colicchio
Thomas Patrick Colicchio (/koʊˈliːkjoʊ/; born August 15, 1962) is an American celebrity chef. He co-founded the Gramercy Tavern in New York City, and formerly served as a co-owner and as the executive chef. He is also the founder of Crafted Hospitality, which includes Craft (NYC and Los Angeles), Temple Court (NYC), Craftsteak (MGM Grand Las Vegas) and Small Batch (Long Island) restaurants. Colicchio is the recipient of five James Beard Foundation Awards for cooking accomplishments.

He has been the head judge on every season of Bravo reality TV show Top Chef as well as Best New Restaurant which he also executive produces. Colicchio has also been a featured chef on Great Chefs shows.

Gramercy Tavern
Gramercy Tavern is a New American restaurant located at 42 East 20th Street (between Broadway and Park Avenue S.), in the Flatiron District in Manhattan, New York City.

It is owned by Danny Meyer (originally co-founded by Meyer and Chef Tom Colicchio), along with Chef/Partner Michael Anthony.  The Executive Pastry Chef is Karen Demasco.  The General Manager is William Carroll. The restaurant opened in July 1994.
Thambiluvil Central College
Thambiluvil Central College (Tamil: தம்பிலுவில் மத்திய கல்லூரி), abbreviated as TCC and formerly known as Thambiluvil Madhya Maha Vidyalayam) is a recently upgraded National school. It is located in Thambiluvil, Sri Lanka. TCC is the main school in Thirukkovil Educational Zone employing nearly 60 academic staff and enrolling approximately 1500 students.

Thambiluvil
Thambiluvil (Tamil: தம்பிலுவில்) is a coastal village situated in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. It is 78 kilometres (48 mi) south of Batticaloa, on the east coast of the island. Thambiluvil is known for its preservation of the Tamil culture, especially the traditions of the ancient Mattakkalappu Desam. It is also known for Periya Kalappu, an area that has a lagoon and rice paddys.
Ibrahim Nasir
Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan (Arabic: إبراهيم ناصر; Dhivehi: އިބްރާހިމް ނާޞިރު ރަންނަބަނޑޭރި ކިލޭގެފާނު; 2 September 1926 – 22 November 2008), KCMG, NGIV commonly known as Ibrahim Nasir, was a Maldivian politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Maldives from 1957 to 1968 under the monarchy, and later the first President of the Second Republic of Maldives from 1968 to 1978. Nasir served two terms (one term consisting of 5 years), then he decided to retire, even though the People's Majlis voted him in for a third term. Nasir adhered to the non-aligned ideology and was a staunch anti-imperialist. Nasir is remembered as an independence hero for guiding the Maldives to independence from the British Empire, he is also credited for establishing the tourism industry in the Maldives, as well as rapidly modernizing and developing the country and economy.

President of the Maldives
The president of the Republic of Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, romanized: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Raeesuljumhooriyyaa) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Maldives and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Force.

The current president is Mohamed Muizzu, who was elected in 2023 with 54.05% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih.
Gislebertus
Gislebertus of Autun (also Giselbertus or Ghiselbertus; French: Gislebert fl. 1115–1135), was a French Romanesque sculptor, whose decoration (about 1120–35) of the Cathedral of Saint Lazare at Autun, France – consisting of numerous doorways, tympanums and capitals – represents some of the most original work of the period.

Tympanum (architecture)
A tympanum (pl. tympana; from Greek and Latin words meaning "drum") is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ornaments. Many architectural styles include this element, although it is most commonly associated with Romanesque and Gothic architecture.

Alternatively, the tympanum may hold an inscription, or in modern times, a clock face.
Slayers
Slayers (Japanese: スレイヤーズ, Hepburn: Sureiyāzu) is a Japanese light novel series written by Hajime Kanzaka and illustrated by Rui Araizumi. The novels have been serialized in Dragon Magazine since 1989, before being published into individual volumes. They follow the adventures of teenage sorceress Lina Inverse and her companions as they journey through their world. Using powerful magic and swordsmanship they battle overreaching wizards, demons seeking to destroy the world, and an occasional hapless gang of bandits.

Slayers inspired several spin-off novel series and has been adapted into numerous manga titles, anime television series, anime films, OVA series, role-playing video games, and other media. Including the spin-off series and digital copies, the novels have sold over 22 million copies. The anime series is considered to be one of the most popular of the 1990s.

Hajime Kanzaka
Hajime Kanzaka (神坂 一, Kanzaka Hajime; born July 17, 1964) is a Japanese novelist and manga story writer from Asago, Hyōgo Prefecture. Kanzaka is best known for writing the Slayers novels that were adapted into the hit anime series, OVA and manga spin-offs.
Experiential education
Experiential education is a philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and student that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content. This concept is distinct from experiential learning, however experiential learning is a subfield and operates under the methodologies associated with experiential education. The Association for Experiential Education regards experiential education as "a philosophy that informs many methodologies in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, clarify values, and develop people's capacity to contribute to their communities".  The Journal of Experiential Education publishes peer-reviewed empirical and theoretical academic research within the field.

Association for Experiential Education
The Association for Experiential Education, or AEE, is a nonprofit, professional membership association that promotes experiential education. Currently based in St. Petersburg, Florida, USA, it was founded in the early 1970s in Boone, North Carolina by a group of educators who believed that the core of learning is enhanced by experiential forms of education.
Russo-European Laika
Russo-European Laika (Russko-Evropeĭskaya Láĭka) is the name of a breed of hunting dog that originated in the forested region of northern Europe and Russia, one of several breeds developed from landrace Laika dogs of Spitz type. The Russo-European Laika itself dates to a breeding program begun in 1944 by E. I. Shereshevsky of the  All-Union Research Institute for the Hunting Industry, in Kalinin (now Tver) Province.

Laika (dog type)
Laika (/ˈlaɪkə/ LY-kə; Russian: лайка, romanized: layka, IPA: [ˈlajkə], pl. лайки, layki, laiki) is a term for several types of dogs that originate from Russia, particularly Siberia, but also sometimes expanded to include Nordic hunting breeds. Laika breeds are primitive dogs who flourish with minimal care even in hostile weather. Generally, laika breeds are expected to be versatile hunting dogs, capable of hunting game of a variety of sizes by treeing small game, pointing and baying larger game and working as teams to corner bear and boar.  However a few laikas have specialized as herding or sled dogs.
2026 Michigan Senate election
The 2026 Michigan Senate election will take place on November 3, 2026, to elect all 38 members to the Michigan Senate. The election will coincide with elections for all of Michigan's constitutional offices; governor, attorney general, secretary of state and all 110 seats in the Michigan House of Representatives. Seats in the Michigan Senate were last elected in 2022.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
David Henry Hwang
David Henry Hwang (born August 11, 1957) is an American playwright, librettist, screenwriter, and theater professor at Columbia University in New York City. He has won three Obie Awards for his plays  FOB, Golden Child, and Yellow Face. He has one Tony Award (M. Butterfly) and three other nominations (Golden Child, Flower Drum Song, and Yellow Face). Three of his works (M. Butterfly, Yellow Face, and Soft Power) have been finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

FOB (play)
FOB is a 1980 Obie Award-winning play by American playwright David Henry Hwang. His first play, it depicts the contrasts and conflicts between established Asian Americans and "fresh off the boat" (FOB) newcomer immigrants.
The World of Suzie Wong
The World of Suzie Wong is a 1957 novel by British writer Richard Mason. The main characters are Robert Lomax, a young British artist living in Hong Kong, and Suzie Wong, the title character, a Chinese woman who works as a prostitute. The novel has been adapted into a play (opening on Broadway in 1958 starring France Nuyen and William Shatner) and spawned two unofficial sequels, a 1960 film (starring Nancy Kwan and William Holden), and a ballet.

The World of Suzie Wong (film)
The World of Suzie Wong is a 1960 British-American romantic drama film directed by Richard Quine and starring William Holden and Nancy Kwan. The screenplay by John Patrick was adapted from the 1958 stage play by Paul Osborn, which was based on the 1957 novel of the same title by Richard Mason.
Millalobo
Millalobo (from the mapudungun milla: "gold" and the Spanish lobo: wolf in allusion to the sea lion) is an important being in Chilote mythology. He is the most powerful being of the sea after Caicai and was chosen by Caicai to be his representative and govern all that resided in the sea.

Legend of Trentren Vilu and Caicai Vilu
The legend of Trentren Vilu (Trengtreng or Tenten) and Caicai Vilu (Kaikai) is a Mapuche flood myth that tells the story of a fierce battle between two mythical snakes, Trentren Vilu (trentren="related with the earth", vilu="snake") and Caicai Vilu (Caicai="related to water", vilu="snake"). It explains how the Chilóe archipelago and mountains of southern Chile came to have its unique geography.
Kiryat HaLeom
Kiryat HaLeom (Hebrew: קרית הלאום), also known as Kiryat HaUma (Hebrew: קרית האומה) and referred to in English as the National Precinct, is the official label of a complex in central Jerusalem that includes Kiryat HaMemshala (the government precinct), the Knesset (parliament), Sacher Park, the Menorah Garden, Wohl Rose Park and Binyanei HaUma convention center.  It was traditionally considered to be the northern part of the Givat Ram neighborhood.

Kiryat HaMemshala
Kiryat HaMemshala (Hebrew: קרית הממשלה, lit. 'Government complex'), also known as Kiryat Ben-Gurion (Hebrew: קריית בן-גוריון, lit. 'Ben-Gurion complex'), is the government precinct of the State of Israel. It is located in the Givat Ram neighborhood of Jerusalem.
Pupa (manga)
Pupa (Japanese: ピューパ, Hepburn: Pyūpa) is a 2011–2013 Japanese horror manga series written and illustrated by Sayaka Mogi. An anime television series adaptation produced by Studio Deen premiered on January 9, 2014. Both are notable for their extreme graphic violence.

Studio Deen
Studio Deen Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社スタジオディーン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Dīn; sometimes stylized as Studio DEEN) is a Japanese animation studio founded in 1975 by former Sunrise producer Hiroshi Hasegawa, along with a team of ex-Sunrise animators. The studio owns three subsidiaries: Danny Donghua (丹尼動画), a Chinese sub-contracting studio; Megumi (め組), a digital work sub-contracting studio; and Umidori (うみどり), a 3DCG sub-contracting studio. Studio Deen has been operating as a subsidiary of IMA Group since April 2011.
David Weston (actor)
David Weston (born 28 July 1938) is an English actor, director and author. Since graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1961 (having won its Silver Medal for that year) he has acted in numerous film, television and stage productions, including twenty-seven Shakespeare plays and prominent guest roles in two Doctor Who serials. With Michael Croft, he was a founder member of the National Youth Theatre. Much of his directing work has been for that organisation; he has directed also at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre and a number of other theatres in London. He wrote and narrated a series of non-fiction audio books, including Shakespeare His Life and Work, which won the 2001 Benjamin Franklin Award for best audio non-fiction book.

Michael Croft
John Michael Croft (8 March 1922 – 15 November 1986) was an English actor, schoolteacher, and writer. Based upon his own experience of supply teaching in tough secondary schools, he wrote the controversial 1954 anti-corporal punishment novel Spare the Rod, which was later released as a film. He founded the National Youth Theatre in 1956 with Kenneth Spring. Since 2017, former students of the National Youth Theatre have come forward with allegations of historic abuse against Croft.
Mouassine Museum
The Mouassine Museum (French: Musée de Mouassine; Arabic: متحف المواسين) is a museum in the Mouassine neighbourhood of the historic medina of Marrakesh, Morocco. The museum is housed in a recently restored 16th to 17th-century house which includes an upper-floor apartment known as a douiria (or dwiriya). It was recently converted to a Museum of Music, with permanent and temporary exhibits.

Mouassine
Mouassine is a district within the Medina of Marrakech neighbouring the districts of Bab Doukkala, Azbezt, Derb Tizougarine and Riad Aitoun El Kedim. The area contains the Mouassine Mosque, the Mouassine Fountain (part of the mosque complex), and the Dar el Bacha Palace.

The area acts as one of the main gateways to the souks in the medina (old city).
Culture and menstruation
There are many cultural aspects surrounding how societies view menstruation. Different cultures view menstruation in different ways. The basis of many conduct norms and communication about menstruation in western industrial societies is the belief that menstruation should remain hidden. By contrast, in some indigenous hunter-gatherer societies, menstrual observances are viewed in a positive light, without any connotation of uncleanness.  In most of India, menarche is celebrated as a rite of passage.

A menstrual taboo is any social taboo concerned with menstruation. In some societies it involves menstruation being perceived as unclean or embarrassing, inhibiting even the mention of menstruation whether in public (in the media and advertising) or in private (among friends, in the household, or with men). Many traditional religions consider menstruation ritually unclean, although anthropologists say that the concepts 'sacred' and 'unclean' may be intimately connected.

Ritual purification
Ritual purification is a ritual prescribed by a religion through which a person is considered to be freed of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean.

Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos.

Some have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move humans away from disgust (at one extreme), to uplift them towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme), away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior (within one's cultural context).
Nikolay Chernyshevsky
Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (24 July [O.S. 12 July] 1828 – 29 October [O.S. 17 October] 1889) was a Russian literary and social critic, journalist, novelist, democrat, and socialist philosopher, often identified as a utopian socialist and leading theoretician of Russian nihilism and the Narodniks. He was the dominant intellectual figure of the 1860s revolutionary democratic movement in Russia, despite spending much of his later life in exile to Siberia, and was later highly praised by Karl Marx, Georgi Plekhanov, and Vladimir Lenin.

Narodniks
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism, or Narodnichestvo, was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism.

The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century.