hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Azmut
’Azmut (Arabic: عزموط) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located five kilometers northeast of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 3,440 inhabitants in 2017.

Deir al-Hatab
Deir al-Hatab (Arabic: دير الحطب) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the northern West Bank, located east of Nablus, near the neighbouring villages of Salem and Azmout. The village land extends over 12,000 dunams, of which 330 are built-up.

The Israeli settlement of Elon Moreh was illegally established within Deir al-Hatab's jurisdiction, taking up nearly 2,000 dunams of the village's land.

In June, 2016, Deir al-Hatab and other towns and villages in the area had to go without running water for weeks, as the Israeli Mekorot reduced the amount of water it sold to the Palestinians.
Colin Burgess (author)
Colin Burgess (born March 1947) is an Australian author and historian, specializing in space flight and military history.  He is a former customer service manager for Qantas Airways, and a regular contributor to the collectSPACE online community. He lives in New South Wales.

Two of Burgess's co-authored 2007 books, Into That Silent Sea: Trailblazers of the Space Era, 1961–1965 and In the Shadow of the Moon: A Challenging Journey to Tranquility, 1965–1969 were named as finalists for the 2007 Eugene M. Emme Award given by the American Astronautical Society.

In the Shadow of the Moon was also named as "2009 Outstanding Academic Title" by Choice Magazine.

In the Shadow of the Moon (book)
In the Shadow of the Moon: A Challenging Journey to Tranquility is a 2007 non-fiction book by space historians Francis French and Colin Burgess. Drawing on a number of original personal interviews with astronauts, cosmonauts and those who worked closely with them, the book chronicles the American and Soviet programs from 1965 onwards, through the Gemini, Soyuz and early Apollo flights, up to the first landing on the Moon by Apollo 11.

The book is the second volume in the Outward Odyssey spaceflight history series by the University of Nebraska Press.

Although the book shares its name with a documentary, and both include many original interviews with Apollo lunar astronauts, it is neither a source of, nor a tie-in to, the documentary.

The book was named as a finalist for the 2007 Eugene M. Emme Award for Astronautical Literature given by the American Astronautical Society, and named as "2009 Outstanding Academic Title" by Choice magazine.
Daylight saving time in Africa
African countries, apart from Egypt, do not use daylight saving time (DST) although some did in the past. Only the territories of the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal) implement DST from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. Although these regions politically belong to Europe, they are geographically part of Africa. They have DST schedules according to European Union rules.

Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to adjust clocks ahead of standard time by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").

In many countries, the part of the year when DST is observed is much longer than the part aligned to standard time. The practice of DST was first tested in the early 20th century. Many countries, such as Russia and Mexico, have abandoned DST entirely.
Mawra Hocane
Mawra Hussain (Urdu: ماورہ حسین; born 28  September 1992), known professionally as Mawra Hocane, is a Pakistani actress who primarily works in Urdu television. She made her acting debut in 2011 with Khichari Salsa. She made her Bollywood debut with the romantic tragedy, Sanam Teri Kasam (2016) and her Pakistani film debut with the comedy drama Jawani Phir Nahi Ani 2 (2018).

Hocane has received praise for her portrayals of Nadia in Ek Tamanna Lahasil Si (2012), Haya in Aahista Aahista (2014), Sammi in Sammi (2017), Anaya Aziz in Sabaat (2020), and Mehrbano in Qissa Meherbano Ka (2021). She won Hum Award for Best Actress for her performance in Neem.

Ek Tamanna Lahasil Si
Ek Tamanna Lahasil Si (lit: A futile desire) is a 2012 Pakistani drama serial directed by Syed Atif Hussain and written by Wasi Shah. The serial was first aired on 3 October 2012 on Hum TV. It stars Fahad Mustafa, Jana Malik, Hassan Niazi, Mawra Hocane, Humayun Ashraf, Babar Khan and Saba Hameed.

The series was also aired in India on Zindagi TV channel.
Wellsville Tabernacle
The Wellsville Tabernacle was built as a Gothic Revival-styled meetinghouse of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and is located in Wellsville, Cache County, Utah.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1980.

Wellsville, Utah
Wellsville is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. The population was 4,060 at the 2020 census.  Wellsville is located at the base of the Wellsville mountain range. It is included in the Logan, Utah-Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Wellsville is home to the Utah State University South Farm as well as the Utah State University Equestrian Center, the American Heritage Center and the Wellsville Tabernacle.

Wellsville was laid out in 1856, and named after Daniel H. Wells, a LDS Church leader.
Tequendama Falls
The Tequendama Falls (Spanish: Salto del Tequendama) is a 132 metres (433 ft) high waterfall of the Bogotá River, located 32 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of Bogotá in the municipality of Soacha. Named after the adjacent settlement of Tequendama, it holds historical significance as one of Colombia's earliest permanent settlements. The falls were painted in 1854 by Frederic Edwin Church. One of the country's tourist attractions, the falls are located in a forested area 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of Bogotá. The river surges through a rocky gorge that narrows to about 18 metres (59 ft) at the brink of the 132 metres (433 ft) high falls. During the month of December the falls become completely dry. The falls, once a common site for suicides, may be reached by road from Bogotá.

Tequendama
Tequendama is a preceramic and ceramic archaeological site located southeast of Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia, a couple of kilometers east of Tequendama Falls. It consists of multiple evidences of late Pleistocene to middle Holocene population of the Bogotá savanna, the high plateau in the Colombian Andes. Tequendama was inhabited from around 11,000 years BP, and continuing into the prehistorical, Herrera and Muisca periods, making it the oldest site of Colombia, together with El Abra, located north of Zipaquirá. Younger evidences also from the Herrera Period have been found close to the site of Tequendama in Soacha, at the construction site of a new electrical plant. They are dated at around 900 BCE to 900 AD.

The most important researchers who since 1969 contributed on the knowledge about Tequendama were Dutch geologist and palynologist Thomas van der Hammen and archaeologist and anthropologist Gonzalo Correal Urrego.
Ilyushin Il-86
The Ilyushin Il-86 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-86; NATO reporting name: Camber) is a retired short- to medium-range wide-body jet airliner that served as the USSR's first wide-bodied aircraft. Designed and tested by the Ilyushin design bureau in the 1970s, it was certified by the Soviet aircraft industry, manufactured and marketed by the USSR.

Developed during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev, the Il-86 was marked by the economic and technological stagnation of the era: it used engines more typical of the late 1960s, spent a decade in development, and failed to enter service in time for the Moscow Olympics, as was originally intended. The type was used by Aeroflot and successor post-Soviet airlines; only three of the total 106 constructed were exported.

At the beginning of 2012, only four Il-86s remained in service, all with the Russian Air Force. By the end of 2020 the number in active service was reduced to three.

Ilyushin Il-96
The Ilyushin Il-96 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-96) is a Russian four-engined long-haul wide-body jet airliner designed by Ilyushin in the former Soviet Union and manufactured by the Voronezh Aircraft Production Association in Voronezh, Russia. It is powered by four high-bypass Aviadvigatel PS-90 twin-spool turbofan engines. As of 2026, the Il-96 is used as the main Russian presidential aircraft. The type's only remaining commercial operator in passenger service is Cubana de Aviación while Sky Gates Airlines operates two cargo variants.
Robert Bates (mountaineer)
Robert Hicks Bates (January 14, 1911 – September 13, 2007) was an American mountaineer, author and teacher, who is best remembered for his parts in the first ascent of Mount Lucania and the American 1938 expedition and 1953 expedition to K2.

1953 American Karakoram expedition
The 1953 American Karakoram expedition was a mountaineering expedition to K2, at 8,611 metres the second highest mountain on Earth. It was the fifth expedition to attempt K2, and the first since the Second World War. Led by Charles Houston, a mainly American team attempted the mountain's South-East Spur (commonly known as the Abruzzi Spur) in a style which was unusually lightweight for the time. The team reached a high point of 7750 m, but were trapped by a storm in their high camp, where a team member, Art Gilkey, became seriously ill. A desperate retreat down the mountain followed, during which all but one of the climbers were nearly killed in a fall arrested by Pete Schoening, and Gilkey later died in an apparent avalanche. The expedition has been widely praised for the courage shown by the climbers in their attempt to save Gilkey, and for the team spirit and the bonds of friendship it fostered.
Glen Street station
Glen Street (formerly Glen Cove) is a station on the Oyster Bay Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. It is located on Glen Street (the former alignment of New York State Route 107), near Elm Avenue, in the City of Glen Cove, in Nassau County, New York, United States.

Oyster Bay Branch
The Oyster Bay Branch is a rail line and service owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U.S. state of New York. The branch splits from the Main Line just east of Mineola station, and runs north and east to Oyster Bay. The branch is electrified between East Williston and Mineola. The branch opened in segments between 1865 and 1889.
Geoff Stephens
Geoffrey Stephens (1 October 1934 – 24 December 2020) was an English songwriter and record producer, most prolific in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s.  He wrote a long series of hit records, often in conjunction with other British songwriters including Tony Macaulay, John Carter, Roger Greenaway, Peter Callander, Barry Mason, Ken Howard, Alan Blaikley, Don Black, Mitch Murray, and Les Reed.

He also formed The New Vaudeville Band, and their song "Winchester Cathedral" won Stephens the 1967 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary (R&R) Recording.

The New Vaudeville Band
The New Vaudeville Band was an English group created by songwriter Geoff Stephens in 1966 to record his novelty composition "Winchester Cathedral", a song inspired by the dance bands of the 1920s and a Rudy Vallée megaphone-style vocal.  To his surprise, the song became a transatlantic hit that autumn, reaching the Top 10 in the United Kingdom and rising to No. 1 in the United States. The New Vaudeville Band initially was a studio group composed of session players, but Stephens quickly assembled a permanent group to continue recording and to play live shows. The group has been periodically revived since, without Stephens' participation.

The New Vaudeville Band placed several singles in the US and UK Top 40 through 1967. The group was nominated for two Grammy Awards, one for Record of the Year and they won in the Contemporary (R&R) Recording category for the 9th Annual Grammy Awards.
Reid Morden
John Reid Morden  OC (June 17, 1941 – May 7, 2024) was a Canadian civil servant who was the director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service from 1988 to 1992. From 1991 to 1994, Morden served as deputy minister of foreign affairs.

Canadian Security Intelligence Service
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS, /ˈsiːsɪs/; French: Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité, SCRS) is a foreign intelligence service and security agency of the federal government of Canada. It is responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world and conducting covert action within Canada and abroad. CSIS reports to the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, and is subject to review by the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency.

The CSIS has no law enforcement function and mainly focuses on intelligence gathering overseas. The agency is led by a director, the current being Daniel Rogers, who assumed the role on October 15, 2024.
Albert I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels
Albert I of Münsterberg-Oels (German: Albrecht I. von Münsterberg or Albrecht von Podiebrad; Czech: Albrecht z Minstrberka or Albrecht z Poděbrad; 3 August 1468 – 12 July 1511) was a member of the House of Poděbrady and a Duke of the Silesian duchies of Münsterberg and Oleśnica and Count of Kladsko.

Poděbrady family
The Bohemian Poděbrady family (Czech: Páni z Poděbrad) was a noble lineage in Bohemia, originating from the Lords of Kunštát. After Boček of Kunštát (d. 1373) obtained the Lordship of Poděbrady through marriage, he styled himself "Boček of Kunštát and Poděbrady."
The most prominent member of the family was George of Poděbrady, king of Bohemia. His sons were elevated to imperial counts and Counts of Glatz, and established the Silesian branch of the family, the Dukes of Münsterberg (Knížata z Minsterberka).
Rattan (film)
Rattan  or Ratan is a 1944 Indian film, directed by M. Sadiq, produced by Abdul Rashid Kardar, and starring Swaran Lata, Karan Dewan and Amir Bano.

It was the highest-grossing film of 1944.

The film is noted as the film which made Naushad one of the top music directors in the Indian film industry.

Swaran Lata (actress)
Swaran Lata (Urdu: سوَرن لتا, Hindi: स्वर्न लता, 20 December 1924 –  8 February 2008) was a Pakistani film actress. She started her career in the film industry in British India and later moved to Pakistan. She was known as The Tragedy Queen after she proved her mettle in her emotional, tragic roles, her presence on the film screen and her moving dialogue delivery. She worked both in Bollywood and in Pakistani cinema.
2010 AFC Women's Asian Cup
The 2010 AFC Women's Asian Cup was held from 19–30 May at the Chengdu Sports Centre in China PR. The winners, Australia, runners-up, Korea DPR, and third-place team, Japan qualified for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.

With this victory, Australia women's had become the first ever national team to win in two different confederations, having won the OFC Women's Nations Cup three times before. Their success was later followed by their fellow men's team at the men's tournament less than 5 years later.

North Korea women's national football team
The North Korea women's national football team (Munhwaŏ Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 녀자 국가종합팀, recognized as Korea DPR by FIFA) represents North Korea in international women's football.

North Korea is one of the Asian Football Confederation women's powerhouses alongside Japan, China and Australia. The Eastern Azaleas won the AFC Women's Asian Cup in 2001 (scoring 53 goals in 6 matches, a record that still stands), 2003, and 2008, and reached the quarterfinals of the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Bombay East Indians
The Bombay East Indians, also called East Indian Catholics or simply East Indians, are an ethno-religious Indian Christian community native to the Seven Islands of Bombay, the Mumbai Metropolitan Area and the northern Konkan region; along the western coast of India. The community gets its name from the Bombay East Indian Association (BEIA), established in 1887.

Kupari
Kupari (Portuguese: compadre) referring to the father of one's godchild; word derived from Kumpari and feminine being Kumari or Portuguese Comadre) or Samvedi Christians are a Roman Catholic Brahmin sub-group of the Bombay East Indian community. This community is concentrated mostly in Bassein (Vasai) (Portuguese: Baçaim), India, which is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Mumbai (Bombay).
Eiksund Tunnel
The Eiksund tunnel (Norwegian: Eiksundtunnelen) is an undersea tunnel in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway, which runs under the Vartdalsfjorden connecting the municipalities of Ørsta and Ulstein. The tunnel is 7,765 metres (25,476 ft) long and reaches a depth of 287 metres (942 ft) below sea level, and was the deepest undersea tunnel in the world until Norway's Rogaland county opened its 292 m (958 ft) deep Ryfast tunnel system in December 2019.

Ørsta Municipality
Ørstaⓘ is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region of Western Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ørsta. Other villages in the municipality include Barstadvik, Flåskjer, Follestaddalen, Hovdebygda, Liadal, Nordre Vartdal,  Store-Standal, Sæbø, Trandal, Urke, Vartdal, Ytre-Standal, Åmdalen, and Årset.

The 662-square-kilometre (256 sq mi) municipality is the 171st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ørsta Municipality is the 106th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,958. The municipality's population density is 16.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (43/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4% over the previous 10-year period.
South Carolina Superintendent of Education
The South Carolina superintendent of education is the executive of the South Carolina Department of Education. The superintendent is responsible for overseeing the 1.5 billion dollar budget of the department and ensuring that schools and schools districts are abiding by federal and state laws as well as the requirements established by the department. The superintendent is elected at-large and serves a term of four years. The position has no term limits. The current superintendent of education is Ellen Weaver, a Republican, who was elected in 2022 upon the retirement of Molly Spearman.

Ellen Weaver
Ellen Weaver (born March 26, 1979) is an American Republican politician and former conservative think-tank leader who has served as South Carolina Superintendent of Education since January 11, 2023. She defeated Democratic candidate and current school activities director Lisa Ellis in the general election in November 2022. She is the former president and CEO of the Palmetto Promise Institute, a conservative think tank in South Carolina which supports public funding of private schools. Weaver has  focused her tenure as Superintendent on literacy, education freedom, and parental empowerment.
Rhizocarpon
Rhizocarpon is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lecideoid lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum).

Rhizocarpaceae
Rhizocarpaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi; together with the family Sporastatiaceae it constitutes the order Rhizocarpales in the Ascomycota, class Lecanoromycetes. These lichens are primarily rock-dwellers that form thin, paint-like crusts tightly attached to stone surfaces, though some species grow as small scales or radiating rosettes. The family includes five genera found mainly in cool to cold regions around the world, where they colonize exposed siliceous and basic rocks in sunny locations. Most species reproduce through small black disc-shaped fruiting bodies that sit flush with or slightly above the crusty surface, and they often contain distinctive chemical compounds that help with identification.
Steve Chen
Steve Chen (Chinese: 陳士駿; Wade–Giles: Chen Shih-chün; born August 25, 1978) is a Taiwanese-American  software engineer and Internet entrepreneur who is a co-founder and ex CTO of YouTube. After he co-founded AVOS Systems, Inc. and built MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.

MixBit
MixBit was a video sharing service created by Steve Chen and Chad Hurley, two of the co-founders of YouTube. It was released on August 8, 2013. MixBit let users create dynamic shared videos, and competed with Vine (owned by Twitter) and Instagram (owned by Facebook) in the video sharing website market. Its iPhone app was released in August 2013 and its Android app followed two months later. MixBit ceased operations on August 21, 2018.
1954 Constitution of China
The 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was a communist state constitution and seventh Chinese constitution adopted and enacted on September 20, 1954, through the first session of the First National People's Congress in Beijing. This constitution was amended and formulated on the basis of the Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, which served as a provisional constitution in 1949, and is the first constitution of the People's Republic of China. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China is the fundamental law of the People's Republic of China and has the highest legal effect.

Common Program
The Common Program was the primary general policy document passed by the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in September 1949. Replacing the Constitution of the Republic of China, the Common Program served as the provisional constitution of the People's Republic of China from 1949 until September 1954, when the formal constitution was passed and ratified by the 1st National People's Congress.
Abdulla Saeed
Abdulla Saeed  (Dhivehi: އަބްދުﷲ ސައީދު; born 25 September 1964) is a Maldivian politician, who was the Chief Justice of the Maldives from September 18, 2008 to August 10, 2010 and December 15, 2014 to June 20, 2018.

On February 6, 2018, Chief Justice Abdulla Saeed. alongside Justice Ali Hameed, was arrested under a state of emergency after being accused of trying to overthrow the government.

On May 8, 2018 he was found guilty of trying to obstruct state functions, being accused of ordering the suspension of the government’s e-letter management system (GEMS) to block the delivery of three letters. He lost his seat on the bench after Supreme Court rejected his appeal on June 20, 2018.

Chief Justice of the Maldives
The chief justice of the Maldives is the most influential member of the judicial branch of the Maldives. He is appointed by the president of the Maldives.

He is a member of parliamentary committee and one member of the five Supreme Court justices. He overlooks on cases and handles national crises, including the 2011–12 Maldives political crisis as an example, as well as the protests in Maldives between 2015 and 2016 which left more than 1000 people injured.

There have been several chief justices in the Maldives, with the Honorable Uz Abdulla Saeed being the inaugural holder under the current constitution. He was appointed as a justice of Supreme Court of the Maldives, which was brought into being by the Constitution in 2008, and assumed office as chief justice of the Maldives, pursuant to Article 285 (b) of the Constitution, on 18 September 2008.