hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Generalized mean
In mathematics, generalized means (or power mean or Hölder mean from Otto Hölder) are a family of functions for aggregating sets of numbers. These include as special cases the Pythagorean means (arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means).

Pythagorean means
In mathematics, the three classical Pythagorean means are the arithmetic mean (AM), the geometric mean (GM), and the harmonic mean (HM). These means were studied with proportions by Pythagoreans and later generations of Greek mathematicians because of their importance in geometry and music.
They can now be regarded as special cases of a family of functions appropriately called the generalized means.
Hugo Ball
Hugo Ball (German: [bal]; 22 February 1886 – 14 September 1927) was a German author, poet, and essentially the founder of the Dada movement in European art in Zürich in 1916. Among other accomplishments, he was a pioneer in the development of sound poetry. His best known works include the "Dada Manifesto", the Dadaist nonsense poem "Karawane", the poetry collection 7 schizophrene Sonette, the edited diary Flight out of Time, the Christian anarchist polemic book Critique of the German Intelligentsia and the novels Flametti, or The Dandyism of the Poor and Tenderenda the Fantast.

Flight out of Time
Flight out of Time: A Dada Diary (German: Die Flucht aus der Zeit) is a 1927 book by the German writer Hugo Ball. It is an edited version of Ball's diaries from the years 1913 to 1921, which includes his time in the Dada movement at Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich, as well as his quick rejection of Dada and modern literature in general. The book consists of personal notes and excerpts from mystical and anarchist literature.

The original diaries are lost so it is unknown to what extent Ball changed their content, but the changes were made to emphasise a trajectory away from Dadaism and anarchism and toward Ball's later interest in Catholic theology. Ball's wife Emmy Hennings described the book in a letter as a "very edited diary" and "by no means directly copied" from the original texts. The title Flight out of Time is a reference to monastic life. The book was published a few months before Ball's death at the age of 41.
Nikephoros (son of Artabasdos)
Byzantine Empire portal

Nikephoros (Greek: Νικηφόρος, romanized: Nikēphóros) was junior Byzantine Emperor from 741 to 743. He was crowned after his father, Artabasdos (r.  741–743) usurped Emperor Constantine V (r.  741–775). Constantine seized power again on 2 November 743, and Nikephoros, Artabasdos, and Niketas were blinded and confined in the Chora Church.

Artabasdos
Artabasdos or Artavasdos (Greek: Ἀρταύασδος or Ἀρτάβασδος, from Armenian: Արտավազդ, Artavazd, Ardavazt, Latinized as Artabasdus) was a Byzantine general of Armenian descent who seized the throne from June 741 until November 743, in usurpation of the reign of  Constantine V.
Battle of Cronium
The Battle of Cronium (c. 376 BC) was part of the Sicilian Wars and took place in Sicily. A Syracusan army, led by Dionysius I, was defeated by a Carthaginian army, led by Himilco Mago, Mago II's son. The Carthaginians won the day having routed the enemy army. Leptines, Dionysius' brother, was killed during the battle. The location of Cronium (Greek: Κρόνιον, Krónion) is considered to be close to modern Palermo.

Mago II of Carthage
Mago II, also known as Magon (Punic: 𐤌𐤂‬𐤍‬, MGN, lit. 'shield'), was Shofet of Carthage from 396 to 375 BCE, and was a member of the Magonid dynasty. He became Shofet after the suicide of Himilco II in 396 BCE and was succeeded by Mago III (or Himilco Mago) in 375 BCE.

His reign started during wars with the Greeks of Sicily, who under the leadership of Dionysius I of Syracuse had defeated his predecessor. He quelled a rebellion in Libya, and made peace with Syracuse at the expense of his Sicilian allies the Sicels.

War broke out again at the end of his reign and he died in the Carthaginian defeat of the Battle of Cabala, he was succeeded by his son, also called Mago "Himilco Mago" who led the Carthaginians to a great victory against Dionysius at the battle of Cronium.
Kumho Tire
Kumho Tire (formerly known as Samyang Tire) is a South Korean tire manufacturer. Kumho Tire was previously operated as a business unit of the Kumho Asiana Group. Since 2018, its major shareholder has been Chinese tire conglomerate Doublestar.

Kumho Asiana Group
Kumho Asiana Group is a former large South Korean Chaebol (conglomerate), with subsidiaries in the construction, electronics, IT, leisure, logistics, manufacturing, tourism and transportation sectors. The group is headquartered at the Kumho Asiana Main Tower in Sinmunno 1-ga, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. As of 2014, the largest shareholder is Park Sam-koo, the third son of the company's founder, who stepped down as CEO in 2010.
72nd Infantry Regiment "Puglie"
The 72nd Infantry Regiment "Puglie" (Italian: 72° Reggimento Fanteria "Puglie") is an inactive unit of the Italian Army last based in Albenga. Formed in 1862 the regiment is part of the Italian Army's infantry arm and named for the region of Apulia.

The regiment was one of ten infantry regiments formed on 1 August 1862. In 1866 the regiment participated in the Third Italian War of Independence. During World War I the regiment fought on the Italian front and the Macedonian front. The regiment was disbanded in 1926 and reformed in April 1939. During World War II the regiment was assigned to the 38th Infantry Division "Puglie", with which it fought in the Greco-Italian War. The division was in northern Albania and Kosovo, when the Armistice of Cassibile was announced on 8 September 1943 and was soon thereafter disbanded by invading German forces. The regiment was reformed as battalion sized training unit in 1977 and disbanded in 1999.

38th Infantry Division "Puglie"
The 38th Infantry Division "Puglie" (Italian: 38ª Divisione di fanteria "Puglie") was a infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Puglie was classified as a mountain infantry division, which meant that the division's artillery was moved by pack mules instead of the horse-drawn carriages of line infantry divisions. Italy's real mountain warfare divisions were the six alpine divisions manned by Alpini mountain troops.

The division was raised on 15 May 1939 and named for the Southern Italian region of Apulia (Italian: Puglia). The division mostly drafted men from eastern Veneto and the Friuli region, with a majority of soldiers hailing from the towns of Sacile and Vittorio Veneto. The Puglie was disbanded by Germans forces the Armistice of Cassibile between Italy and the Allies was announced on 8 September 1943.
Sangh Parivar
The Sangh Parivar (translation: "Family of the [Rashtriya Swayamsevak] Sangh" or the "RSS family") is an umbrella term for the collection of Hindutva organisations formed by, and affiliated to, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. These include the political party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), religious organisation Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), students union Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), among several others. In total, the Sangh Parivar has over 50 organisations.

The Sangh Parivar represents the Hindutva ideology and movement in India. Members of the Sangh Parivar or the supporters of its ideology are often referred to as "Sanghis".

Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
The Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) is a student organisation in India, which was established in 1949. It's a significant student body with over 5 million members, making it one of the largest student organisations in the world. ABVP is a student wing of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva and nationalist organisation.
Hazur Sahib Nanded–Santragachi Express
12767 / 68 Hazur Sahib Nanded Santragachi Junction Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways South Central Railway zone that runs between Hazur Sahib Nanded and Santragachi Junction in India.

Santragachi Junction railway station
Santragachi Junction railway station (SRC) is a railway junction in South Eastern Railway Zone of Indian Railways, situated in Santragachhi, Howrah, India. The station is operated by the South Eastern Railway (SER) zone of Indian Railways. It is one of the important railway station serving the Kolkata metropolitan region, India. The other stations are Sealdah, Howrah, Shalimar, Dankuni and Kolkata station.

While the station had existed for many years on the line to Howrah railway station, work for its upgrade to a railway terminal started in 2015. SER wished to use it for their long-distance trains which reduces the load on the crowded Howrah railway station, which is operated by Eastern Railway.
Viktor Meyer
Viktor Meyer (8 September 1848 – 8 August 1897) was a German chemist and significant contributor to both organic and inorganic chemistry. He is best known for inventing an apparatus for determining vapour densities, the Viktor Meyer apparatus, and for discovering thiophene, a heterocyclic compound. He is sometimes referred to as Victor Meyer, a name used in some of his publications.

Meyer experienced several minor and major nervous breakdowns during the last years of his life. He always failed to recover completely, yet continued working. He took pills to fall asleep, but these had a damaging effect on his nervous system. In 1897, during one of his depressions, Meyer decided to take his own life. He committed suicide by taking cyanide.

Victor Meyer apparatus
The Victor Meyer apparatus is the standard laboratory method for determining the molecular weight of a volatile liquid. It was developed by Viktor Meyer, who spelled his name Victor in publications at the time of its development. In this method, a known mass of a volatile solid or liquid under examination is converted is carefully vaporized in a tube, while measuring the volume of air displaced.  The molar quantity of evaporate can then be calculated via the ideal gas law, and thence (since the mass is known) the molar mass.
Yacouba Isaac Zida
Yacouba Isaac Zida (born 16 November 1965) is a Burkinabé military officer and politician, who served as the Interim Head of State of Burkina Faso in November 2014.

Zida took power on an interim basis in the aftermath of the 2014 Burkinabé uprising, sidelining a more senior officer, Honoré Nabéré Traoré. A few weeks later, power was handed over to a civilian Head of State, Michel Kafando, with the intention of leading the country until the next election. Zida was subsequently appointed Interim Prime Minister by Kafando. Zida was briefly ousted from power in the 2015 coup attempt by the Presidential Security Regiment before power was restored and the regiment was disbanded.

Michel Kafando
Michel Kafando (born 18 August 1942) is a Burkinabé diplomat and politician, who served as Interim President of Burkina Faso from 2014 to 2015. He previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1983 and as Permanent Representative of Burkina Faso to the United Nations from 1998 to 2011.

Following the resignation of President Blaise Compaoré amidst the 2014 Burkinabé uprising, Kafando was chosen by the interim military administration until the next elections. Kafando was briefly ousted in the September 2015 coup attempt by the Regiment of Presidential Security, but he ultimately restored power within a week and disbanded the regiment. Elections took place shortly thereafter, and Kafando was succeeded by Roch Marc Christian Kaboré in December 2015.
Discoteque (song)
"Discoteque" is a song by Lithuanian pop-rock band the Roop. The song represented Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, after winning the pre-selection competition Pabandom iš Naujo! 2021.

The Roop
The Roop (stylised in all caps) are a Lithuanian pop rock band from Vilnius. Formed in 2014, the group consists of lead vocalist Vaidotas Valiukevičius, percussionist Robertas Baranauskas and guitarist Mantas Banišauskas. The group has released three albums – To Whom It May Concern in 2015, Ghosts in 2017 and Concrete Flower in 2022 – as well as the extended play Yes, I Do in 2018. They were due to represent Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with their song "On Fire" before the contest was cancelled. They then took part in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with "Discoteque", finishing eighth.
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fan-shaped muscle located in the neck. It is one of three pharyngeal constrictor muscles. It is smaller than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

The middle pharyngeal constrictor originates from the greater cornu and lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, and the stylohyoid ligament. It inserts onto the pharyngeal raphe. It is innervated by a branch of the vagus nerve through the pharyngeal plexus. It acts to propel a bolus downwards along the pharynx towards the esophagus, facilitating swallowing.

Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone (/ˈhaɪɔɪd/ HY-oyd), also known as the lingual bone or the tongue-bone, is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.  At rest, it lies between the base of the mandible and the third cervical vertebra.

Unlike other bones, the hyoid is only distantly articulated to other bones by muscles or ligaments. It is the only bone in the human body that is not connected to any other bones. The hyoid is anchored by muscles from the anterior, posterior and inferior directions, and aids in tongue movement and swallowing. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind.

Its name is derived from Greek  hyoeides 'shaped like the letter upsilon (υ)'.
Harich Monastery
The Harichavank (Armenian: Հառիճավանք; transliterated as Harijavank or Harichavank) is a 7th-century Armenian monastery located near the village of Harich (Armenian: Հառիճ) in the Shirak Province of Armenia. The village is 3 km southeast of the town of Artik.

Shirak Province
Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
Aukh
Aukh (Chechen: Ӏовх, Ӏавх, 'Ovkh, Ӏовхойн мохк; Russian: Ау́х) is a historical region in the current republic of Dagestan, populated by Chechens. Aukh encompasses parts of the Novolak, Khasavyurtovsky, Babayurtovsky and Kazbekovsky districts. The Chechens of Dagestan call themselves Aukhs (ӏовхой), and speak the Aukh dialect of the Chechen language.

Aukhs
Aukhs (Chechen: Ӏовхой) are an ethnographic group of Chechens. Aukhs  are currently living in the territories of Novolaksky (former Aukh District), Khasavyurtovsky, Babayurtovsky and Kazbekovsky (Western part of the Aukh) areas of modern central Dagestan, along the rivers Yamansu, Yaryksu, Aktash and Aksai (earlier Eastern Chechnya). They speak the Aukh dialect of the Chechen language.
Johannes van Heeck
Johannes van Heeck, (Deventer 2 February 1579 – presumably Sant'Angelo Romano c.1620), (also known as Johann Heck, Joannes Eck, Johannes Heckius, Johannes Eckius and Giovanni Ecchio) was a Dutch physician, naturalist, alchemist and astrologer. Together with Prince Federico Cesi, Anastasio de Filiis and Francesco Stelluti, he was one of the four founding members of the Accademia dei Lincei, the first learned society dedicated to understanding of the natural world through scientific enquiry.

Federico Cesi
Federico Angelo Cesi (Italian: [fedeˈriːko ˈandʒelo ˈtʃɛːzi]; 26 February 1585 – 1 August 1630) was an Italian scientist, naturalist, and founder of the Accademia dei Lincei. On his father's death in 1630, he became briefly lord of Acquasparta.
Pervomaiske Raion
Pervomaiske Raion (Ukrainian: Первомайський район, Russian: Первомайский район, Crimean Tatar: Curçı rayonı) was one of the twenty-five regions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine until its abolition in 2020. Russia, which has occupied the entire Crimean Peninsula since 2014, continues to use it as part of its administration, the Republic of Crimea. It is situated in the north-western part of the peninsula. The raion is named after its administrative center, the urban-type settlement of Pervomaiske. Population: 32,789 (2014 Census).

Pervomaiske, Crimea
Pervomaiske (Ukrainian: Первомайське; Russian: Первомайское; Crimean Tatar: Curçı) (until 1944, Curçı) is an urban-type settlement in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. The town also serves as the administrative center of the Pervomaiske Raion (district), housing the district's local administration buildings.

As of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, its population was 9,384. Current population: 8,470 (2014 Census).
Public housing estates in Ngau Tau Kok and Kowloon Bay
The following shows the public housing estates (including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS)) in Ngau Tau Kok, Jordan Valley, Kowloon Bay and surrounding neighbourhoods, in Kwun Tong District, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Kowloon Bay
Kowloon Bay (Chinese: 九龍灣) is a bay within Victoria Harbour and a neighbourhood within Kowloon, Hong Kong.

The bay is located at the east of the Kowloon Peninsula and north of Hong Kong Island. It is the eastern portion of Victoria Harbour, between Hung Hom and Lei Yue Mun. The bay was divided into half when the 13/31 runway of the former Kai Tak International Airport was constructed in the middle of the bay in the mid-1950s.

The reclamation of north-eastern Kowloon Bay near Ngau Tau Kok is also named Kowloon Bay. It was formerly known as Ngau Tau Kok Industrial Area. After the construction of MTR Kowloon Bay station, the area is referred to as Kowloon Bay. The area near the MTR station is residential while the area near the shore is industrial. The area is traditionally an extension of Ngau Tau Kok, and thus facilities such as Ngau Tau Kok Police Station are located there.
Walker Keith Baylor
Walker Keith Baylor (c. 1794–1845) was an American jurist and attorney. He was a politician who served in both chambers of the Alabama Legislature, a county judge of Jefferson County, and judge of the Third Judicial Circuit Court of Alabama.

While visiting his brother in the Republic of Texas, he was killed in an accident involving a firearm in La Grange.

La Grange, Texas
La Grange (/lə ˈɡreɪndʒ/ lə GRAYNJ) is a city and the county seat of Fayette County, Texas, United States, near the Colorado River. La Grange is in the center of the Texas-German belt. As of the 2020 census, La Grange had a population of 4,391. In 2018 the estimated population was 4,632.
Miette River
The Miette River (/ˈmaɪ.ɛt/ or /maɪˈɛt/) is a short river in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. It flows south-southwest through the Rocky Mountains before draining eastward into the Athabasca River at Jasper.

The Miette forms at the base of Mount Moren, with meltwater from Mount Bridgeland, Salient Mountain, Mount McCord, and Mount Beaupre contributing to the initial flow.

The Miette River, as well as various other geological features in Jasper National Park, are named after the Cree language word for bighorn sheep, ᒫᔭᑎᕁ mâyatihk.

The Miette River Trail runs along the Miette River. It goes for approximately 43.5 kilometres. The trail follows an abandoned railway for some of its distance. One of the landmarks on the trail is the Rink Cabin.

Jasper National Park
Jasper National Park, in Alberta, Canada, is the largest national park within Alberta's Rocky Mountains, spanning 11,000 km2 (4,200 sq mi). It was established as Jasper Forest Park in 1907, renamed as a national park in 1930, and declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984. Its location is north of Banff National Park and west of Edmonton. The park contains the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains.
Holy Trinity Parish Hall, Fortitude Valley
Holy Trinity Parish Hall is a heritage-listed Anglican church hall at 141 Brookes Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Hingeston Buckeridge and built from 1891 to 1892 by John Quinn. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Holy Trinity Rectory, Fortitude Valley
Holy Trinity Rectory is a heritage-listed Anglican clergy house at 141 Brookes Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built in 1889 by James Robinson. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
Billy Burke (actor)
William Albert Burke (born November 25, 1966) is an American actor and scriptwriter. Burke is known for his role as Charlie Swan in The Twilight Saga. In 2011, he played Cesaire in Red Riding Hood. In 2012, he was  cast as one of the lead characters, Miles Matheson, in the NBC science-fiction series Revolution. From 2015 to 2017, he starred in the CBS series Zoo. He has also appeared in the supernatural horror film Lights Out (2016) and the thriller Breaking In (2018).

Zoo (American TV series)
Zoo is an American drama television series based on the 2012 novel by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge, the former also serving as an executive producer for the series, which stars James Wolk, Kristen Connolly, Nonso Anozie, Nora Arnezeder and Billy Burke as a group of varied professionals who investigate a mysterious outbreak of violent animal attacks upon humans all over the world.
Zoo premiered on June 30, 2015, on CBS. CBS renewed the series for a third season in August 2016, which aired between June 29 and September 21, 2017. On October 23, 2017, CBS announced the series had been cancelled after three seasons.
Straight leg raise
The straight leg raise is a test that can be performed during a physical examination, with the leg being lifted actively by the patient or passively by the clinician.  If the straight leg raise is done actively by the patient, it is a test of functional leg strength, particularly the rectus femoris element of the quadriceps (checking both hip flexion and knee extension strength simultaneously).  If carried out passively (also called Lasègue's sign, Lasègue test or Lazarević's sign), it is used to determine whether a patient with low back pain has an underlying nerve root sensitivity, often located at L5 (fifth lumbar spinal nerve).  The rest of this article relates to the passive version of the test.

Charles Lasègue
Ernest-Charles Lasègue (5 September 1816 – 20 March 1883) was a French physician that released over one hundred scientific papers. He became recognized in the mid-19th century from his work in the fields of psychiatry and neurology. He published many of his works in a journal called Archives Générales de Médecine (Archives of General Medicine), in which he was an editor. A few of his major contributions consisted of his work with delusions of persecutions, a concept coined "folie à deux," and his description of hysterical anorexia. Aside from his publications, he worked various jobs before becoming the Chair of Clinical Medicine at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital. He remained positioned there until dying at the age of 66 due to complications from diabetes.