hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States v. AT&T (1982)
United States v. AT&T, 552 F.Supp. 131 (1982), was a ruling of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, that led to the 1984 Bell System divestiture, and the breakup of the old AT&T natural monopoly into seven regional Bell operating companies and a much smaller new version of AT&T.

Regional Bell Operating Company
A Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) was a corporate entity created as result of the antitrust lawsuit by the United States Department of Justice against the Western Electric Company and American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1949 and a suit in 1974 against AT&T (United States v. AT&T). The suits were settled in the Modification of Final Judgment in August 1982.

AT&T agreed to divest its local exchange service operating companies, effective January 1, 1984. The group of local operating companies were split into seven independent Regional Bell Operating Companies, which became known as the Baby Bells.

Three companies still exist that have an RBOC as a predecessor: AT&T, Verizon, and Lumen Technologies (formerly CenturyTel and CenturyLink). Some other companies are holding onto smaller segments of the companies.
Schwester Selma
Selma Mayer (3 February 1884 – 5 February 1984) known as Schwester Selma (German: Sister Selma or Nurse Selma; Hebrew: שווסטר סלמה) was an Israeli nurse who was the head nurse at the original Shaare Zedek Hospital on Jaffa Road in Jerusalem for nearly 50 years. For many years she was the right-hand assistant of the hospital's founding director, Dr. Moshe Wallach. Working long hours and with limited infrastructure, she trained and supervised all personnel at the hospital from 1916 to the 1930s, and founded the Shaare Zedek School of Nursing in 1934. She never married, and resided in a room in the hospital until her last day. In her later years she became known as the "Jewish Florence Nightingale" for her decades of selfless devotion to patient welfare.

Shaare Zedek Medical Center
The Shaare Zedek Medical Center (Hebrew: מרכז רפואי שערי צדק, romanized: Merkaz Refu'i Sha'arei Tzedek) is a large teaching hospital in Jerusalem. It was established in 1902 and is affiliated with Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
National Museum of American History
The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring  Center is a historical museum in Washington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and military history. Among the items on display is the original Star-Spangled Banner. The museum is part of the Smithsonian Institution and located on the National Mall at 14th Street and Constitution Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.

In 2023, the museum received 2.1 million visitors, ranking the eighth-most visited museum in the U.S.

Star-Spangled Banner (flag)
The Star-Spangled Banner, or the Great Garrison Flag, was the garrison flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor during the naval portion of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. It is on exhibit at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.  Seeing the flag flying over Fort McHenry on the morning of September 14, 1814, after the battle ended, Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry".  These words were written by Key and set to the tune of "To Anacreon in Heaven", a popular song at the time, by John Stafford Smith. In 1931, the song became the national anthem of the United States.

More broadly, a garrison flag is a U.S. Army term for an extra-large national flag that is flown on Sundays, holidays, and special occasions. The U.S. Navy term is "holiday colors".

With fifteen stripes, the Star-Spangled Banner remains the only official American flag to bear more than thirteen stripes.
Lake Balaton
Lake Balaton (Hungarian: [ˈbɒlɒton]) is a freshwater rift lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the largest inflow of water to the lake, and the canalized Sió is the only outflow.

The mountainous region of the northern shore is known both for its historic character and as a major wine region, while the flat southern shore is known for its resort towns. Balatonfüred and Hévíz developed early as resorts for the wealthy, but it was not until the late 19th century when landowners, ruined by Phylloxera attacking their grape vines, began building summer homes to rent out to the burgeoning middle class.

Balatonfüred
Balatonfüred (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbɒlɒtoɱfyrɛd]; German: Bad Plattensee; Slovak: Blatenské Teplice) is a resort town in Veszprém county, in Hungary. The town with a population of 13,000 is situated on the northern shore of Lake Balaton. It is considered to be the capital of the Northern lake shore and is a yachting destination. It is also a location for fishing (carp being the most common catch) although the introduction of eels and other non-indigenous species has caused ecological damage in recent years.
Berri–UQAM station
Berri–UQAM station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Ville-Marie, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and is the system's central station. This station is served by the Green, Orange, and Yellow lines. It is located in the Quartier Latin.

Berri–UQAM is the 2nd deepest station in the network, and also the busiest station in the network, transfers not included. If transfers were included, the 13 million passengers number would rise to about 35–40 million a year.

Société de transport de Montréal
The Société de transport de Montréal (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də mɔ̃ʁeal], STM; lit. 'Montreal Transit Corporation') is a public transport agency that operates transit bus and rapid transit services in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Established in 1861 as the "Montreal City Passenger Railway Company", it has grown to comprise four subway lines with a total of 68 stations, as well as 221 bus routes and 23 night routes. The STM was created in 2002 to replace the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM; lit. 'Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation'). The STM operates the second most heavily used urban mass transit system in Canada. As of 2023, the average daily ridership is 1,745,700 passengers: 686,300 by bus, 1,063,500 by rapid transit and 13,100 by paratransit service.
Test stub
A test stub is a test double that provides static values to the software under test.

A test stub provides canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test.

A stub may be coded by hand, generated via a tool or be created as a dedicated part of a larger system such as a stub server or service.

Stubs differ from mock objects, which assert and verify interactions. Stubs only supply data.

Test double
A test double is software used in software test automation that satisfies a dependency so that the test need not depend on production code. A test double provides functionality via an interface that the software under test cannot distinguish from production code.

A programmer generally uses a test double to isolate the behavior of the consuming code from the rest of the codebase.

A test double is usually a simplified version of the production code and may include capabilities specific to testing.

Test doubles are used to build test harnesses.
Gregory III, Count of Tusculum
Gregory III (died about 1108) was the son of Gregory II. He was the Count of Tusculum from 1058, when his father died. He is usually considered to stand at the fore of the family of the Colonna.

Unlike his father, he did not bear the ducal and senatorial titles, nor any title to Rome, but simply was patricius et consul, (Comes Tusculanensis, Consul, illustris). Gregory was succeeded by his eldest son, Ptolemy I.

He had sons named:

Ptolemy I (1099–1129)-(Consul comes Tusculanus);

Gregory IV (1109–1128)-(Iudex Tusculanensis);

Peter de Columpna (1099–1151) - (Colonna family);

Egidius (1128–1137);

Iadara (daughter).

Colonna family
The House of Colonna is a prominent Italian family, forming part of the papal nobility. It played a pivotal role in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V), 23 cardinals and many other church and political leaders. Other notable family members are Vittoria Colonna, close friend of Michelangelo, Marcantonio II Colonna (Marcantonio Colonna), leader of the papal fleet in the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and Costanza Colonna, patron and protector of Caravaggio. The family was notable for its bitter feud with the Orsini family over their influence in Rome, which was eventually settled by the issuing of the papal bull Pax Romana by Pope Julius II in 1511. In 1571, the heads of both families married nieces of Pope Sixtus V. Thereafter, historians recorded that "no peace had been concluded between the princes of Christendom, in which they had not been included by name". Today, the family is led by Don Prospero Colonna (b.1956).
Ivan Bukin
Ivan Andreyevich Bukin (Russian: Иван Андреевич Букин; born 16 September 1993) is a Russian ice dancer. With his skating partner, Alexandra Stepanova, he is a five-time European medalist (silver in 2019 and 2022, bronze in 2015, 2018 and 2020), the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki champion, the 2018 Rostelecom Cup champion, and a fifth-time Russian national champion (2021, 2022, 2024, 2025, 2026). In total, they have won eleven medals on the Grand Prix series and three Finlandia Trophy titles.

Earlier in their career, Stepanova/Bukin won the 2013 World Junior Championships, 2012–13 JGP Final, and 2014 Russian Junior Championships.

Nikita Katsalapov
Nikita Gennadyevich Katsalapov (Russian: Никита Геннадьевич Кацалапов; born 10 July 1991) is a Russian ice dancer. With Victoria Sinitsina, he is 2022 Olympic silver medalist, the 2022 Olympic bronze medalist in the team event, 2021 World champion, two-time European Champion (2020,2022), the 2019 World silver medalist, the 2018–19 Grand Prix Final silver medalist, and a two-time Russian national champion (2019–2020). They have also won several medals on the Grand Prix and the Challenger Series, including winning the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy.

With former partner Elena Ilinykh, he is a 2014 Olympic champion in the team event, a 2014 Olympic bronze medalist in ice dancing, a three-time European medalist (silver in 2013 and 2014; bronze in 2012), and the 2010 World Junior champion.
Medusa (Six Flags Great Adventure)
Medusa, formerly known as Bizarro, is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, the ride debuted as the world's first floorless roller coaster on April 2, 1999. It was repainted and rethemed to Bizarro in 2009. In 2022, it was repainted and renamed back to Medusa.

Floorless Coaster
A Floorless Coaster is a type of steel roller coaster manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard where riders sit with no floor underneath them, allowing their feet to swing freely just above the track. Development of the Floorless Coaster model began between 1995 and 1996 with Medusa at Six Flags Great Adventure, which opened on April 2, 1999, as world's first Floorless Coaster. Floorless Coasters typically feature between three and seven inversions in the layout of the coaster.

Since 2007, Bolliger & Mabillard have used floorless trains on their Dive Coasters, such as Griffon and SheiKra. Though they contain floorless trains, the coasters are still not considered Floorless Coasters, as the company classifies them as another model. Maurer Söhne has designed their own version of the Floorless Coaster, a variant of their X-Car model called X-Car Floorless, but currently do not have any installations.
New York State Route 339
New York State Route 339 (NY 339) was a 0.94-mile-long (1.51 km) state highway located within the town of Ballston in Saratoga County, New York, in the United States. The road's western terminus was at an intersection with NY 50 and County Route 58 (CR 58) in the hamlet of Burnt Hills. Its eastern terminus was at a junction with NY 146A near the hamlet of Ballston Lake.

NY 339 was assigned to the entirety of its alignment by 1946. It was removed from the state highway system and turned over to Saratoga County in 1973, at which time NY 339's former routing became County Route 339.

New York State Route 146A
New York State Route 146A (NY 146A) is a state highway in New York State. It begins at NY 146 in Clifton Park and ends at NY 50 in Ballston Lake. It is located entirely within Saratoga County. Route 146A is the last existing spur of NY 146 in Saratoga and Schenectady counties.
Nieuwe Republiek
The Nieuwe Republiek ("New Republic") was a small Boer republic which existed from 1884 to 1888 in present-day South Africa. It was recognised only by Germany and the South African Republic. Its independence was proclaimed on 16 August 1884, with land donated by the Zulu Kingdom through a treaty. It covered 13,600 square kilometres (5,300 sq mi) and the capital was Vryheid or Vrijheid ("Freedom" in Afrikaans or Dutch, respectively), both being alternative names of the state. The founder and president until it requested incorporation into the South African Republic on 20 July 1888 was Lucas Johannes Meyer, while Daniel Johannes Esselen acted as Secretary of State during the same period.

Vryheid
Vryheid (Zulu: eFilidi/iFilidi/Abaqulusi) is a coal mining and cattle ranching town in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Vryheid is the Afrikaans word for "freedom", while its original name of Abaqulusi reflects the abaQulusi clan based in the local area.
Josef Kajetán Tyl
Josef Kajetán Tyl (4 February 1808 – 11 July 1856; Czech pronunciation: [ˈjozɛf ˈkajɛtaːn ˈtɪl]) was a Czech dramatist, writer and actor. He was a notable figure in the Czech National Revival movement and is best known as the author of the current national anthem of the Czech Republic titled Kde domov můj?.

Kde domov můj
"Kde domov můj" (pronounced [ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj] ⓘ), translated into English as "Where My Home Is", is the national anthem of the Czech Republic, composed by František Škroup and written by Josef Kajetán Tyl. It was also the first, Czech part, of the national anthem of the former Czechoslovakia.
Bras du Nord-Est
The Bras du Nord-Est (in English: North-East Arm) flows entirely in the municipality of Saint-Cyrille-de-Lessard, in the L'Islet Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Québec, in Canada.

The "Bras du Nord-Est" is a tributary of the south bank of the Bras de Riche which flows to the east bank of Bras Saint-Nicolas which empties on the south-eastern bank of the rivière du Sud (Montmagny); the latter flows north-east to the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

Bras Saint-Nicolas
The Bras Saint-Nicolas (in English: Saint-Nicolas Arm) is a tributary of the south-eastern bank of the rivière du Sud (Montmagny), which flows north-east to the south bank of the St. Lawrence River.

The Bras Saint-Nicolas flows in the municipalities of Sainte-Apolline-de-Patton, Cap-Saint-Ignace, Saint-Cyrille-de-Lessard, Saint-Eugène, Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours and Montmagny, in the Montmagny Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.
Supersize vs Superskinny
Supersize vs Superskinny  is a British television programme on Channel 4 that featured information about dieting and extreme eating lifestyles. One of the main show features was a weekly comparison between an overweight person, and an underweight person. The two were taken to a feeding clinic, and lived together for five days (later on two days), swapping diets while supervised by Dr Christian Jessen.

Christian Jessen
Christian Spencer Jessen (born 4 March 1977) is an English celebrity doctor, television personality, and writer. He is best known for appearing in the Channel 4 programmes Embarrassing Bodies (2007–2015) and Supersize vs Superskinny (2008–2014).
Sandra Reemer
Barbara Alexandra "Sandra" Reemer (17 October 1950 – 6 June 2017) was an Indo-Dutch singer and television presenter. She represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest on three occasions, tying with Corry Brokken for most appearances representing the country.

In 1972, she sang the song "Als het om de liefde gaat" in a duet with Dries Holten (she was credited as "Sandra", he was credited as "Andres"); the duo came fourth. In 1976, this time credited under her real name, Reemer performed solo singing the song "The Party's Over", which reached ninth place. In 1979, she was credited as "Xandra" and sang the song "Colorado", which placed twelfth. She later returned to the contest to sing backing vocals (uncredited) for the Dutch entry in 1983, "Sing Me A Song", performed by Bernadette.

On Dutch television Reemer (co)hosted popular shows including Sterrenslag, Wedden, dat..? and Showmasters.

She died on 6 June 2017, following a long battle with breast cancer.

Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1972
The Netherlands was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1972 with the song "Als het om de liefde gaat", composed by Dries Holten, with lyrics by Hans van Hemert, and performed by Sandra and Andres. The Dutch participating broadcaster, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), selected its entry through a national final, after having previously selected the performers internally. Sandra would appear twice more at Eurovision (in 1976 and 1979).
Unix2dos
unix2dos (sometimes named todos or u2d) is a tool to convert line breaks in a text file from Unix format (Line feed) to DOS format (carriage return + Line feed) and vice versa.  When invoked as unix2dos the program will convert a Unix text file to DOS format, when invoked as dos2unix it will convert a DOS text file to Unix format.

Newline
A newline (frequently called line ending, end of line (EOL), next line (NEL) or line break) is a control character or sequence of control characters in character encoding specifications such as ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode, etc. A newline is used to signify the end of a line of text and the start of a new one.
Australian Irish Sign Language
Australian Irish Sign Language or AISL is a minority sign language in Australia. As a Francosign language, it is related to French Sign Language as opposed to Auslan which is a BANZSL language which is related to British Sign Language. AISL was brought to Australia from Ireland in 1875 by a group of Dominican nuns (including a Deaf nun) where three schools were established and used AISL as a language of instruction. Due to oralist policies, the use of AISL was discontinued as a language of instruction in the early 1950s. There are now around 100 signers of this language, most of who are in their early seventies and onwards, though there may be younger CODAs.

Auslan
Auslan (/ˈɒzlæn/; an abbreviation of Australian Sign Language) is the sign language used by the majority of the Australian Deaf community. Auslan is related to British Sign Language (BSL) and New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL); the three have descended from the same parent language, and together comprise the BANZSL language family. As with other sign languages, Auslan's grammar and vocabulary is quite different from spoken English. Its origin cannot be attributed to any individual; rather, it is a natural language that emerged spontaneously and has changed over time.
Christian Augustus II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Christian August II, Duke  of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (19 July 1798 – 11 March 1869, Christian Carl Frederik August), commonly known as Christian, Duke of Augustenborg, was a Danish/German prince and statesman. During the 1850s and 1860s, he was a claimant to first duke of the whole provinces of Schleswig and Holstein, and a candidate to become king of Denmark following the death of King Frederick VII. He was the father-in-law of Princess Helena (daughter of Queen Victoria) and the paternal grandfather of Augusta Victoria, German Empress and wife of Kaiser Wilhelm II.

Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (Danish: Frederik Christian August af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Augustenborg; German: Friedrich Christian August Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg; 6 July 1829 – 14 January 1880) was the German pretender to the throne of second duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 1863, although in reality Prussia took overlordship and real administrative power.
Limekilns
Limekilns is a historic coastal village in Fife, Scotland. It lies on the shore of the Firth of Forth, around 3 miles (5 km) south of Dunfermline and 13 miles (21km) northwest of Edinburgh.

Limekilns has a medieval past as a fishing village, dating back to the 14th century. The town gets its name from its 18th century limestone industry, with lime kilns still found at the near contingent town of Charlestown. Today, the town is popular with tourists and is home to 40 listed buildings by Historic Scotland. The population is 1,450 (2020)

Charlestown, Fife
Charlestown (also known as Charlestown-on-Forth) is a village in Fife, Scotland. It lies on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, south-east of Crombie and around 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Limekilns, and 3 miles (5 km) south-west of Dunfermline. The village is known for its historic 18th century lime kilns and its Georgian planned housing.
Marco Fabián
Marco Jhonfai Fabián de la Mora (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾko faˈβjan]; born 21 July 1989) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Ranger's. He is an Olympic gold medalist.

Fabián began his career in the youth academy of his hometown club, Guadalajara, making his first-team debut in 2007. After a brief loan spell with Cruz Azul, he moved abroad to join Eintracht Frankfurt. He later played for Philadelphia Union, Al Sadd, Juárez, and Mazatlán before transitioning to amateur football.

Fabián represented Mexico at the youth level before earning his first senior cap. He became a key figure for Mexico's U-23 side, helping secure qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was part of the historic squad that captured Olympic gold in London, defeating Brazil in the final.

Between 2012 and 2019, Fabián made 43 appearances for Mexico, featuring in the 2015 Copa América, the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in Great Britain from 26 July to 11 August. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their men's U-23 teams in regional qualifying competitions, from which 15 teams, plus the hosts Great Britain, reached the final tournament. Men's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23. It was the first men's Olympic football tournament to feature a team representing Great Britain since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. The competition also marked Uruguay's men's football team's first Olympic appearance since 1928, when it won its second consecutive gold medal.

The gold medal was won by Mexico who defeated Brazil 2–1 in the final.