hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hull Pals
The Hull Pals were a brigade of four battalions of the East Yorkshire Regiment (the "East Yorks") raised as part of Kitchener's Army in 1914. They served in 31st Division at Serre on the first day of the Battle of the Somme in 1916, though they escaped the worst of the disaster. However, they suffered heavy casualties in the same area later in the year, and again at Oppy Wood in early 1917. They continued to serve on the Western Front for the rest of the war, including hard fighting against the German spring offensive and in the final Hundred Days Offensive.

31st Division (United Kingdom)
The 31st Division was an infantry division of the British Army. It was raised in the Great War by volunteers from Kitchener's Army and formed in April 1915 as part of the K4 Army Group and taken over by the War Office on 10 August 1915. Comprising mainly infantry battalions from Yorkshire and Lancashire, the division was sent to Egypt in December 1915 before moving to France in March 1916 and spent the remainder of the First World War in action on the Western Front. The 31st Division was the quintessential New Army division, being made up entirely of Pals battalions.

The 31st Division's first major action was on the first day on the Somme (1 July 1916). The division suffered 3,600 casualties and failed to reach any of its objectives. Later it served at the Battle of the Ancre and at Oppy Wood. It took part in the defence against the German spring offensive in early 1918, and finally in the victorious battles of the Hundred Days Offensive.
Pylaros
Pylaros (Greek: Πύλαρος) is a former municipality on the island of Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is part of the municipality Sami, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in the north-central part of the island. It has a land area of 81.112 km² and a population of 1,422 inhabitants (2021 census). The seat of the municipality and largest town is Agia Effimia.

Sami, Cephalonia
Sami (Greek: Σάμη) is a town and a municipality on the island of Cephalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is one of the three municipalities on the island. It is located on the central east coast of the island.  The municipality has an area of 291.2 km2 and the municipal unit (the pre-2010 municipality) has an area of 129.326 km². The 2021 census recorded a population of 2,478 in the municipal unit, and 5,501 in the municipality in its post-2019 extension. Its municipal seat is the town of Sami

West of town is the Melissani Cave, a major tourist attraction; boat tours are offered.
Hercules and the Masked Rider
Hercules and the Masked Rider (Italian: Golia e il cavaliere mascherato, also known as Goliath and the Masked Rider) is a 1963 Italian peplum film written and directed  by Piero Pierotti and starring Alan Steel and Mimmo Palmara. A crossover film, it is set in the seventeenth century Spain and it features Hercules (Goliath in the original version)  in a Zorro-like scenario.

Goliath
Goliath (/ɡə.ˈlaɪ.əθ/ gə-LY-əth) is a Philistine warrior of giant stature who plays a pivotal role in the origin of King David in the Book of Samuel. According to 1 Samuel, Goliath challenges the Israelites to best him in single combat. David, then a young shepherd, takes up the challenge and kills Goliath with a stone slung from a sling. The narrative signifies King Saul's unfitness to rule for not taking up the giant's challenge himself.

The phrase "David and Goliath" has taken on a more popular meaning denoting an underdog situation, a contest wherein a smaller, weaker opponent faces a much bigger, stronger adversary. Some modern scholars now believe that the original slayer of Goliath in the text may have been Elhanan, son of Jair, who features in 2 Samuel 21:19, in which Elhanan kills Goliath the Gittite, and that the authors of the Deuteronomistic history changed the original text to credit the victory to the more famous figure of David.
Parsimonious reduction
In computational complexity theory and game complexity, a parsimonious reduction is a transformation from one problem to another (a reduction) that preserves the number of solutions. Informally, it is a bijection between the respective sets of solutions of two problems. A general reduction from problem  to problem  is a transformation that guarantees that whenever  has a solution  also has at least one solution and vice versa. A parsimonious reduction guarantees that for every solution of , there exists a unique solution of  and vice versa.

Parsimonious reductions are commonly used in computational complexity for proving the hardness of counting problems, for counting complexity classes such as #P. Additionally, they are used in game complexity, as a way to design hard puzzles that have a unique solution, as many types of puzzles require.

Counting problem (complexity)
In computational complexity theory and computability theory, a counting problem is a type of computational problem. If R is a search problem (formalised as a binary relation) then

is the corresponding counting function and

denotes the corresponding decision problem.

Note that cR is a function problem while #R is a decision problem, however cR can be C Cook-reduced to #R (for appropriate C) using a binary search (the reason #R is defined the way it is, rather than being the graph of cR, is to make this binary search possible).
Björke boat
The Björke boat, or Hille boat (Swedish: Björkebåten, Hillebåten), is a prehistoric boat from Björke, in the Hille district of Gävle Municipality, Sweden, dated to around 320 AD (± 70 years), and buried around 400 AD. It was found during a cleanup of a canal in the fall of 1947, and is, together with the Nydam boat from Denmark (ca 320 AD), some of the earliest examples of clinker boat building in the world.

It can be viewed at the Gävleborg County museum in their permanent exhibition.

Clinker (boat building)
Clinker-built, also known as lapstrake-built, is a method of boat building in which the edges of longitudinal (lengthwise-running) hull planks overlap each other.

The technique originated in Northern Europe, with the first known examples using metal fastenings that join overlapped planks in c. 310-320 AD. It was employed by the Anglo-Saxons, Frisians, and Scandinavians in the early middle ages, and later in the Basque shipbuilding region where the Newport medieval ship was built. It was also used in cogs, the other major ship construction type found in Northern Europe in the latter part of the medieval period.

UNESCO named the Nordic clinker boat tradition to its List of Intangible Cultural Heritage on December 14, 2021, in the first approval of a joint Nordic application.
125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade
The 125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army that saw active service during both the First and Second World Wars. It was assigned to the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division and served in the Middle East and later in the trenches of the Western Front in the First World War. In the Second World War the brigade, now redesignated 125th Infantry Brigade, fought in Belgium and France before being evacuated at Dunkirk and was then converted into 10th Armoured Brigade.

Throughout its existence the brigade was composed almost entirely of battalions of the Lancashire Fusiliers, except for a few brief months in the early half of the Second World War.

7th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers
The 7th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, was a volunteer unit of Britain's Territorial Army from 1908 until 1967. Raised in Salford, Greater Manchester, it fought as infantry at Gallipoli, in Egypt and on the Western Front during the First World War. It served as a searchlight unit during the Second World War, particularly during the 'Liverpool Blitz', and continued in an air defence role postwar.
Atomic radio receiver
An atomic radio receiver is a quantum sensor technology that uses Rydberg atoms as a radio frequency spectrum antenna. The device may have an advantage over conventional devices in noisy environments. The sensor has been used to build radios and television.

Quantum sensor
Within quantum technology, a quantum sensor utilizes quantum mechanical phenomena, such as quantum superposition, quantum entanglement, and quantum squeezing, to measure things. If a quantum system is measurable, and it interacts with its environment in a known way, then measurements of that system can provide information about its environment. Theoretically such sensor technology would have precision limited only by the uncertainty principle.
The field of quantum sensing deals with the design and engineering of quantum mechanical systems and measurements with potential for better performance than any classical strategy in a number of technological applications. Of the wide range of quantum mechanical systems that can be used as a quantum sensor, most can be classified as photonic systems or solid state systems.
Goulet de Brest
The Goulet de Brest (French pronunciation: [ɡulɛ də bʁɛst]; Breton: Mulgul Brest) is a 3-km-long strait linking the roadstead of Brest to the Atlantic Ocean.  Only 1.8 km wide, the goulet is situated between the Pointe du Petit Minou and the Pointe du Portzic to the north and the îlot des Capucins and the Pointe des Espagnols to the south.

At each turn of the tide, the ocean refills the roadstead in a current that can attain 4 to 5 knots.  Sailing ships would thus wait in the cove of Camaret-sur-Mer for a favourable current to carry them into the goulet.

On 2 January 1793, the Childers Incident – the first shots of the war between Great Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars – took place in the goulet.

Pointe des Espagnols
The Pointe des Espagnols (Breton: Poent an Espagnol) is the north-east extremity of the Roscanvel peninsula, an outgrowth of the Crozon peninsula closing off the roadstead of Brest.  It also marks the south-east limit of the goulet de Brest (the other limits are marked by  pointe des Capucins, pointe du Petit Minou and pointe du Portzic).

Formed by a cliff that is more than 60m high, at whose summit and base are the remains of fortifications and barracks, the point reaches towards the north-east via the rocher de la Cormorandière, marked by a pole.  The straight channel situated between the point and the rocher is the location for strong currents which affect the roadstead.

This strategic position, facing Brest, was already noted by the Duchy of Brittany, who sited a fortlet there in 1387 (now lost).  In 1594, Spaniards landed here and were only dislodged after several battles - it was in this period that the cape first took on its present name.
1-Phenylethylamine
1-Phenylethylamine (1-PEA or α-PEA), also known as α-methylbenzylamine, is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(NH2)CH3. This primary amine is a colorless liquid is often used in chiral resolutions. Like benzylamine, it is relatively basic and forms stable ammonium salts and imines.

Benzylamine
Benzylamine, also known as phenylmethylamine, is an organic chemical compound with the condensed structural formula C6H5CH2NH2 (sometimes abbreviated as PhCH2NH2 or BnNH2).  It consists of a benzyl group, C6H5CH2, attached to an amine functional group, NH2. This colorless water-soluble liquid is a common precursor in organic chemistry and used in the industrial production of many pharmaceuticals.  The hydrochloride salt was used to treat motion sickness on the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission in which NASA astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth.
St Andrew's Anglican Church, Seven Hills
St Andrew's Anglican Church is a heritage-listed former Anglican church complex and now private residence at 313 Seven Hills Road, Seven Hills, City of Blacktown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by G. H. Stoker, and built by Stoker from 1863 to 1892. It is also known as St. Andrew's Anglican Church, Hall & Rectory, St Andrew's and St Andrews. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Seven Hills, New South Wales
Seven Hills is a suburb in the Greater Western Sydney region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, located 33 kilometres (21 mi) North West of the Sydney central business district. Seven Hills is within the local government areas of the City of Parramatta and Blacktown City councils.
PokerGO
PokerGO is an over-the-top content platform based in Las Vegas, Nevada. PokerGO was launched in 2017 as a subscription-based streaming service, offering poker-centric online streaming.

The content offered on PokerGO includes poker tournaments, along with cash game-orientated shows.

As of February 2021, PokerGO's library of content includes over 2,400 videos totaling over 3,800 continuous hours.

Cash game
Cash games, also sometimes referred to as ring games or live action games, are poker games played with "real" chips and money at stake. Cash games often have no predetermined end time, and players are able to enter and leave as they see fit. In contrast, a poker tournament is played with tournament chips worth nothing outside the tournament, with a definite end condition (usually, only one player left), and a specific roster of competitors.
Overlook Park station
Overlook Park is a light rail station in Portland, Oregon, United States, served by TriMet as part of the MAX Light Rail system. It is the eighth station southbound on the Yellow Line, which operates between North Portland, downtown Portland and Portland State University. The staggered side platform station is situated between the intersections of Fremont Street and Overlook Boulevard along the median of North Interstate Avenue, near the Interstate Medical Offices of Kaiser Permanente and a park with the same name. It is one of three stations serving North Portland's Overlook neighborhood along with North Prescott Street and North Killingsworth Street. Overlook Park station opened on May 1, 2004, as part of the Interstate MAX extension. Trains serve the station for approximately 21 hours per day on a headway of 15 minutes during most of the day.

Overlook, Portland, Oregon
Overlook is a neighborhood in the North section of Portland, Oregon on the east shore of the Willamette River.  It borders University Park and Arbor Lodge on the north, Humboldt and Boise on the east, Eliot on the southeast, and Northwest Industrial and the Northwest District across the Willamette on the west.

It is home to Adidas' North American headquarters.
Michael Dixon (doctor)
Michael David Dixon, CVO, OBE, FRCGP, HonFRCP (born 12 May 1952) is an English general practitioner and current Head of the Royal Medical Household. He is Chair of The College of Medicine and Integrated Health and Visiting Professor at the University of Westminster.

The College of Medicine
The College of Medicine (CoM) is a United Kingdom-based organisation founded in October 2010 that grew out of The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health after it was shut down due to accounting fraud. It is chaired by Michael Dixon, a former director of the Foundation. It promotes alternative medicine.

Former director George Lewith was a council member of the Foundation - his research unit at the University of Southampton played an important role in the development of the foundation.

When the College of Medicine was launched, several commentators writing in the Guardian and the BMJ, expressed the opinion that the new organisation was simply a re-branding of the Prince's Foundation, some describing it as "Hamlet without the Prince".
The Elves of Cintra
The Elves of Cintra is a fantasy novel by American writer Terry Brooks, the second in his epic fantasy trilogy The Genesis of Shannara. The series bridges the events of Brooks' Word & Void series with The Sword of Shannara and the subsequent trilogy. It immediately follows the novel Armageddon's Children. It details events during the Great Wars, a historical conflict referenced frequently in the Shannara books. The conclusion to the trilogy and the sequel to The Elves of Cintra is The Gypsy Morph, which was released in August 2008.

Shannara
Shannara /ˈʃænərə/ is a series of high fantasy novels written by Terry Brooks, beginning with The Sword of Shannara in 1977 and concluding with The Last Druid which was released in October 2020; there is also a prequel, First King of Shannara. The series blends magic and primitive technology and is set in the Four Lands, which are identified as Earth long after civilization was destroyed in a chemical and nuclear holocaust called the Great Wars. By the time of the prequel First King of Shannara, the world had reverted to a pre-industrial state and magic had re-emerged to supplement science.

In March 2025, Brooks announced his semi-retirement and that Delilah S. Dawson would be taking on the authorship of his Shannara legendarium going forward.
Koree
Koree was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1902, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

When built, Koree was Sydney's largest cross-harbour ferry and a typical early example of the "K-class"; a group of double-deck, double-ended, steam-powered screw ferries. Koree was the first Sydney ferry built with the sides of her promenade (upper) deck enclosed, although the ends near the wheelhouses remained open.

Built for, and initially used on, the short but busy cross-harbour route between Circular Quay and Milsons Point, Koree was also used frequently on the Mosman route. Along with 17 other Sydney Ferries Limited vessels, the ferry was sold for breaking up in 1934 following the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.

Kurraba and Kirribilli
Kurraba and Kirribilli were two similar "K-class" ferries on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1899 and 1900 respectively, the two timber-hulled steamers were built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

When built, they were the largest of the cross-harbour ferries and brought new levels of comfort for passengers. They were the first true examples of what would come to be known as the "K-class" ferries - a group of 25 double deck, double-ended, predominantly timber-hulled (four later versions had steel hulls), screw ferries propelled by triple expansion steam engines.

Built for, and initially used on, the short but busy cross-harbour route between Circular Quay and Milsons Point, they were also used frequently on the Mosman route. Along with 17 others, the two ferries were sold for breaking up in 1934 following the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.
Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.

Securities offering
A securities offering (or funding round or investment round) is a discrete round of investment, by which a business or other  raises money to fund operations, expansion, a capital project, an acquisition, or some other business purpose.
Formula restaurant
A formula restaurant is a type of formula retail business. It is characterized as a restaurant regulated by contractual or other arrangements to standardize menus, ingredients, food preparation, interior and exterior design and/or uniforms. The term refers to the characteristics of the restaurant rather than its ownership, following a business model controlled by an overseeing corporation.  Most formula restaurants are chain restaurants, though this does not have to be the case.

In legal definitions, there may be a minimum number of "substantially identical" restaurants for them to be considered formula restaurants. This number varies across jurisdictions.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Lollipop Luxury
"Lollipop Luxury" is a song by American recording artist and songwriter Jeffree Star. It is the only single from the album Cupcakes Taste Like Violence. The song was written by Jeffree Star and Nico Hartikainen in 2008 and it was produced by Smile Future. "Lollipop Luxury" was released on November 18, 2008, as Star's first official single.

Jeffree Star
Jeffree Star (born Jeffrey Lynn Steininger Jr., November 15, 1985) is an American makeup artist, media personality and singer-songwriter. He is the founder and owner of Jeffree Star Cosmetics.

In 2009, Star released his debut studio album, Beauty Killer, which included songs such as "Lollipop Luxury" (which has a remix featuring Nicki Minaj). He embarked on several world tours to promote his music. In 2010, he signed to Konlive, but abruptly left the music industry by 2013, citing legal issues the label's owner faced between 2007 and 2010. Star returned to the music industry in 2024 announcing a re-release of his album Beauty Killer featuring 3 new songs. In November 2014, Star founded the company Jeffree Star Cosmetics. In 2018, Forbes revealed that he had earned $18 million from his YouTube endeavors alone, making him the fifth-highest-paid YouTuber that year.
Impersonal passive voice
The impersonal passive voice is a verb voice that decreases the valency of an intransitive verb (which has valency one) to zero.: 77

The impersonal passive deletes the subject of an intransitive verb.  In place of the verb's subject, the construction instead may include a syntactic placeholder, also called a dummy.  This placeholder has neither thematic nor referential content.  (A similar example is the word "there" in the English phrase "There are three books.")

In some languages, the deleted argument can be reintroduced as an oblique argument or complement.

Intransitive verb
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object. That lack of an object distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are typically considered within a class apart from modal verbs and defective verbs.
High on the Hog (Black Oak Arkansas album)
High on the Hog is the fourth studio album by American southern rock band Black Oak Arkansas, released in 1973 by Atco Records. It is known for its cover of the LaVern Baker song "Jim Dandy", which reached number 25 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

High on the Hog remains the group's most successful release.

Black Oak Arkansas
Black Oak Arkansas is an American Southern rock band named after the band's hometown of Black Oak, Arkansas. The band reached the height of its fame in the 1970s, charting ten albums.  Their style is notable for multiple guitar players and the raspy voice and on-stage antics of vocalist Jim "Dandy" Mangrum.