hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fundamento de Esperanto
Fundamento de Esperanto (English: Foundation of Esperanto) is a 1905 book by L. L. Zamenhof, in which the author explains the basic grammar rules and vocabulary that constitute the basis of the constructed language Esperanto. On August 9, 1905, it  was made the only obligatory authority over the language by the Declaration of Boulogne at the first World Esperanto Congress. Much of the content of the book is a reproduction of content from Zamenhof's earlier works, particularly Unua Libro.

Declaration of Boulogne
The Declaration on the Essence of Esperantism (Esperanto: Deklaracio pri la esenco de Esperantismo), commonly referred to as the Declaration of Boulogne (Bulonja Deklaracio), is a historic document that establishes several important premises for the Esperanto movement. The Declaration was written by L. L. Zamenhof and ratified in 1905 by the attendees of the first World Esperanto Congress, held in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
Ruler Rebel
Ruler Rebel is a studio album by American jazz trumpeter Christian Scott released on March 31, 2017 by Ropeadope Records. The album is the first installment of The Centennial Trilogy, with Diaspora and The Emancipation Procrastination being the second and the third ones respectively.

Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah
Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah (/ˈzaɪ.ən/) (born March 31, 1983, formerly Christian Scott) is an American jazz trumpeter, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and producer.

He has been nominated for six Grammy Awards and is a two-time Edison Award winner. He has been named the Jazz FM Innovator of the Year and the Jazz Journalists Association Trumpeter of the Year. He has also received the Herb Alpert Award in the Arts, the Changing Worlds Peace Maker Award, and the Doris Duke Performing Arts Award. Adjuah is the nephew of jazz saxophonist Donald Harrison Jr. Adjuah is the Chieftain of the Xodokan Nation of Maroons and Grand Griot of New Orleans, an honor bestowed by the Ashé Cultural Center as part of annual rites commemorating the Maafa.
National Institute of Solar Energy
The National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) is a research and development organization in India, focused on the field of solar energy. Established in 2013, NISE is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). The organization's main goal is to conduct and promote research and development in the field of solar power in India, as well as act as a national resource center for solar energy. It is headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana.

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is a ministry of the Government of India, headed by current Union Cabinet Minister Pralhad Joshi, that is mainly responsible for research and development, intellectual property protection, and international cooperation, promotion, and coordination in renewable energy sources such as wind power, small hydro, biogas, battery energy storage and solar power.

The broad aim of the ministry is to develop and deploy new and renewable energy for supplementing the energy requirements of India.

The ministry is headquartered in Lodi Road, New Delhi. According to the Ministry's 2016-17 annual report, India has made significant advances in several renewable energy sectors which include, solar energy, wind power, battery energy storage system (BESS) and hydroelectricity.
Mizo National Front
The Mizo National Front (abbr. MNF) is a regional political party in Mizoram, India. MNF emerged from the Mizo National Famine Front, which was formed by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the Government of India towards the 1959 famine in the Mizo areas of the Assam state. It staged a major uprising in 1966, followed by years of underground activities. In 1986, it signed the Mizoram Accord with the Government of India, renouncing secession and violence. The MNF then began contesting elections and has formed state government in Mizoram three times. It is currently the state's opposition party, with its president, Zoramthanga, as the Former Chief Minister of Mizoram.

Mizo National Front uprising
The Mizo National Front uprising (Mizo: Rambuai) was a revolt against the government of India aimed at establishing a sovereign nation state for the Mizo people, which started on 28 February 1966. On 1 March 1966, the Mizo National Front (MNF) made a declaration of independence, after launching coordinated attacks on the Government offices and security forces post in different parts of the Mizo district in Assam. The government retaliated and recaptured all the places seized by the MNF by 25 March 1966.

In the initial response of the government operations to suppress the rebellion in 1966, the Indian Air Force carried out airstrikes in Aizawl; this remains the only instance of India carrying out an airstrike in its own civilian territory. Counter-insurgency operations continued over the next two decades, although the intensity of the rebellion diminished over time progressively. In 1986, the government and the MNF signed the Mizoram Peace Accord, thereby ending the rebellion.
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr. (Dutch: [vɑn (ə)t ˈɦɔf]; 30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemist. A highly influential theoretical chemist, in 1901 Van 't Hoff won the first the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions". His pioneering work helped found the modern theory of chemical affinity, chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, and chemical thermodynamics. In his 1874 pamphlet, Van 't Hoff formulated the theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom and laid the foundations of stereochemistry. In 1875, he predicted the correct structures of allenes and cumulenes as well as their axial chirality. He is also widely considered one of the founders of physical chemistry as the discipline is known today.

Chemical kinetics
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how experimental conditions influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that also can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction.
Darapladib
Darapladib is an inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) that is in development as a drug for treatment of atherosclerosis.

It was discovered by Human Genome Sciences in collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).

In November 2013, GSK announced that the drug had failed to meet Phase III endpoints in a trial of 16,000 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). An additional trial of 13,000 patients (SOLID-TIMI 52) finished in May 2014. The study failed to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease death, myocardial infarction, and urgent coronary revascularization compared with placebo in acute coronary syndrome patients treated with standard medical care.

In 2022, Darapladib has been found to inhibit intraerythrocytic growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by inhibition of the human host enzyme peroxiredoxin 6. The authors present data that the original target of Darapladib, Lp-PLA2, is absent in the host red blood cell.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene. Lp-PLA2 is a 45-kDa protein of 441 amino acids. It is one of several PAF acetylhydrolases.
Agostino Depretis
Agostino Depretis (31 January 1813 – 29 July 1887) was an Italian statesman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Italy for several stretches between 1876 and 1887, and was leader of the Historical Left parliamentary group for more than a decade. He is the fourth-longest-serving prime minister in Italian history, after Benito Mussolini, Giovanni Giolitti and Silvio Berlusconi, and at the time of his death he was the longest-served. Depretis is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history, having enacted numerous reforms that modernized Italy, such as expanding male suffrage and free education.

He was a master in the political art of Trasformismo, the method of making a flexible, centrist coalition of government which isolated the extremes of the left and the right in Italian politics after the unification.

Historical Left
The Left group (Italian: Sinistra), later called Historical Left (Italian: Sinistra storica) by historians to distinguish it from the left-wing groups of the 20th century, was a liberal and reformist parliamentary group in Italy during the second half of the 19th century. The members of the Left were also known as Democrats or Ministerials. The Left was the dominant political group in the Kingdom of Italy from the 1870s until its dissolution in the early 1910s.

Different to its Right counterpart, the Left was the result of coalition who represented Northern and Southern middle class, urban bourgeoisie, small businessmen, journalists and academics. It also supported a right to vote and the public school for all children. Moreover, the party was against the high tax policies promoted by the Right. After the 1890s, the Left began to show more conservative tendencies, including advocating breaking strikes and protests and promoting an aggressive colonialist policy in Africa.
Michael J. Byrnes
Michael Jude Byrnes (August 23, 1958 – May 30, 2025) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Agaña from 2019 to 2023. He was an auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Detroit from 2011 to 2016.

Archdiocese of Detroit
The Archdiocese of Detroit (Latin: Archidiœcesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the south-east portion of Michigan in the United States. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit, which includes all the dioceses in the state of Michigan. It was erected in 1833 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1937. The Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament is the mother church. The Basilica of Sainte Anne de Détroit is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, dating to 1701.
Øksendal Municipality
Øksendal is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 226-square-kilometre (87 sq mi) municipality existed from 1854 until its dissolution in 1960. It had one of the smallest municipal populations in Norway. It was located in the northwestern part of the present-day Sunndal Municipality, along the Sunndalsfjorden. It included the coastal area along the fjord as well as the whole Øksendalen valley. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Øksendalsøra, where Øksendal Church is also located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1960, the 225.7-square-kilometre (87.1 sq mi) municipality was the 354th largest by area out of the 743 municipalities in Norway. Øksendal Municipality was the 734th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 486. The municipality's population density was 2.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.7/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 10% over the previous 5-year period.

Ålvundeid Municipality
Ålvundeid is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 182-square-kilometre (70 sq mi) municipality existed from 1899 until its dissolution in 1960. It had one of the smallest municipal populations in Norway. It was located in the northeastern part of the present-day Sunndal Municipality. The old municipality included the Innerdalen valley and the southern part of the Ålvund valley area. The administrative centre was the village of Ålvundeidet, also where the Ålvundeid Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1960, the 182.4-square-kilometre (70.4 sq mi) municipality was the 406th largest by area out of the 743 municipalities in Norway. Ålvundeid Municipality was the 731st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 514. The municipality's population density was 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.3/sq mi) and its population had increased by 1.8% over the previous 5-year period.
Rodolfo Gucci
Rodolfo Gucci (16 July 1912 – 15 May 1983), also known by his stage name Maurizio D'Ancora, was an Italian actor and entrepreneur, who appeared in more than 40 films between 1929 and 1946. He was a member of the Gucci family. His only child, Maurizio Gucci, was named after his stage name.

Gucci
Gucci officially Guccio Gucci S.p.A. is an Italian luxury fashion house based in Florence, Tuscany. Its product lines include handbags, ready-to-wear, footwear, accessories, and home decoration; and it licenses its name and branding to Coty for fragrance and cosmetics under the name Gucci Beauty.

Gucci was founded in 1921 by Guccio Gucci (1881–1953) in Florence. Under the direction of Aldo Gucci (son of Guccio), Gucci became a global brand, and was considered emblematic of the Italian economic miracle. Following family feuds during the 1980s, the Gucci family was entirely ousted from the capital of the company by 1993. After this crisis, the brand was revived and in 1999 Gucci became a subsidiary of the French conglomerate PPR, which later renamed itself to Kering.

In 2024, Gucci operated 529 stores with 20,032 employees, and generated €7.65 billion in sales. Stefano Cantino has been CEO of Gucci since October 2024 and Demna creative director since March 2025.
Marie Kunkel Zimmerman
Marie Kunkel Zimmerman, born Mamie R. Kunkel, (September 13, 1864 – May 10, 1953) was an American soprano of the concert stage. She began her acting career as a child opposite her father; the theatre manager, blackface minstrel show entertainer, actor, and singer-songwriter George Kunkel. In the early 1880s she began performing as a soprano. She co-authored the suffragist anthem "Votes for Women: Suffrage Rallying Song" with her husband, composer and concert singer Edward M. Zimmerman.

Music and women's suffrage in the United States
Music was often used in the women's suffrage movement in the United States. Music played an instrumental role in the parades, rallies, and conventions that were held and attended by suffragists. The songs, written for the cause, unified women from varying geographic and socioeconomic positions because the empowering lyrics were set to widely known tunes. Singing was expected from women, whereas political speaking was discouraged, which meant the use of music provided women with an outlet to voice their political opinion. Music made a significant impact on women's rights efforts throughout the twentieth century. It also continues to be a medium to remember past suffrage efforts and promote feminism today.
Franz Xaver Luschin
Archbishop Franz Xaver Luschin (Slovene: Franc Ksaver Lušin; 3 December 1781 – 2 May 1854) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as a Diocesan Bishop of Trento from 24 May 1824 until 23 June 1834, a Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv and Primate of Galicia and Lodomeria from 23 June 1834 until 6 April 1835 and a Metropolitan Archbishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gorizia and Gradisca from 6 April 1835 his death on 2 May 1854.

Archdiocese of Trento
The Archdiocese of Trento (Latin: Archidioecesis Tridentina, German Trient) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Triveneto, named after its see in Alpine Italy, Trento (Tr(i)ent), in Trentino-Alto Adige region.

The seat (throne) of the archbishop is in the Minor basilica Cattedrale di S. Vigilio Vescovo in Trento. The diocese has two other minor basilicas: the Basilica S. Maria Maggiore (city of Trento), and the Basilica di Ss. Sisinio, Martirio e Alessandro (Sanzeno).
Ehweiler
Ehweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan, whose seat is in Kusel.

Kusel
Kusel (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːzl̩] ⓘ; written Cusel until 1865) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Kusel-Altenglan Verbandsgemeinde and is also the district seat.

The well-known operatic tenor Fritz Wunderlich was born in Kusel.
Bertram J. Rodgers
Bertram Joseph Rodgers (March 18, 1894 – November 30, 1983) was a highly decorated vice admiral in the United States Navy during World War II. He received his Navy Cross as captain of USS Salt Lake City in the battle of the Komandorski islands, during the Aleutian Islands Campaign.

Rodgers later served as commander of Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet, commandant of 12th Naval District in San Francisco and commander of U.S. Naval Forces Germany. He completed his career as president of Permanent General Court Martial in 1956.

Battle of the Komandorski Islands
The Battle of the Komandorski Islands was a naval battle between American and Imperial Japanese forces which took place on 27 March 1943 in the North Pacific, south of the Soviet Komandorski Islands.  The Japanese were escorting a three ship convoy, while the Americans were patrolling waters west of the Aleutian Islands. The battle was a daylight surface engagement in which air support played no role and in which the outnumbered American force escaped greater damage after the Japanese chose to withdraw.
Szymon Hołownia
Szymon Franciszek Hołownia (Polish: [ˈʂɨmɔn xɔˈwɔvɲa]; born 3 September 1976) is a Polish politician and television personality who served as Marshal of the Sejm from November 2023 to November 2025. From 2008 to 2019 he co-hosted Mam talent!, the Polish version of Got Talent, together with Marcin Prokop. He is the founder of the Poland 2050 political party and was its leader until 2026. He was a candidate in the 2020 and 2025 Polish presidential elections.

In the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, he was elected to the Sejm from Białystok as a member of Third Way.

Poland 2050
Szymon Hołownia's Poland 2050 (Polish: Polska 2050 Szymona Hołowni, PL2050) is a centre-right political party in Poland.

It was founded as a social movement in 2020, shortly after that year's presidential election, and was officially registered as a political party in April 2021. In the years prior to the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, eight MPs defected to Poland 2050 in the Sejm. After its first national electoral test, the party finished in third place. Poland 2050 joined a ruling coalition, with its leader Szymon Hołownia being chosen as Marshal of the Sejm. It is ideologically Christian democratic, liberal-conservative and socially conservative.
Kulmbach
Kulmbach (German pronunciation: [ˈkʊlmbax] ⓘ) is the capital of the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. The town, once a stronghold of the Principality of Bayreuth, is renowned for its University of Life Sciences, a branch of the University of Bayreuth, the massive Plassenburg Castle, which houses the largest tin soldier museum in the world, for its brewery, its vivid food industry, which hosts some of the world's biggest food businesses, and for its sausages, or Bratwürste.

Bratwurst
Bratwurst (German: [ˈbʁaːtvʊʁst] ⓘ) is a type of German sausage made from pork or, less commonly, beef, veal, or any combination of beef, veal, and pork. The name is derived from the Old High German Brätwurst, from brät-, finely chopped meat, and Wurst, sausage, although in modern German it is often associated with the verb braten, to pan fry or roast.
Heygate baronets
The Heygate Baronetcy, of Southend in the County of Essex, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 30 September 1831 for William Heygate, Lord Mayor of London from 1822 to 1823 and member of parliament for Sudbury from 1818 to 1826.

The second Baronet, Sir Frederick William Heygate married Marianne Gage, daughter and heiress of Conolly Gage, in 1851 and so acquired Bellarena House at Bellarena, County Londonderry. He represented the constituency of County Londonderry in the House of Commons as a Conservative from 1859 to 1874. The third Baronet, Sir Frederick Gage Heygate was Parliamentary Under-Secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, the Marquess of Londonderry, from 1887 to 1888.

The second son of the first baronet, William Unwin Heygate (1825–1902), was a Member of Parliament from 1861 to 1865 and from 1870 to 1880.

The family seat was Bellarena House, near Magilligan, County Londonderry.

Frederick Heygate
Sir Frederick William Heygate, 2nd Baronet (1822–1894), of the Heygate Baronets, was an Irish Conservative Party politician.  He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Londonderry from 1865 to 1874.
Park View (Washington, D.C.)
Park View is a neighborhood in Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. The neighborhood is primarily residential with its main commercial corridor of shops and restauarants located along Georgia Avenue. It is bordered to the west by  Columbia Heights, the north by Petworth, and the south by McMillan Reservoir and Pleasant Plains.

Park View was developed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, along the western boundary of the U.S. Soldiers' Home. The name of the neighborhood is derived from its relation to the park-like setting of the Soldier's Home, which was formerly open to the public as a park into the 1960s.

Armed Forces Retirement Home – Washington
The Armed Forces Retirement Home – Washington, also called Old Soldiers' Retirement Home, is a retirement home for retirees of the United States Armed Forces located in the Park View neighborhood of Washington, D.C.  The complex forms an historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home is on the campus.
Johnson Bayou, Louisiana
Johnson Bayou is a small unincorporated community  located on the Creole Nature Trail along the Gulf Coast in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, United States, and is named after Daniel Johnson, who came to the area circa 1790. The village is a barrier island spread across coastal chenieres which were formed by deltaic sedimentation by the shifting of the Mississippi River. This geologic formation, the coastal cheniere, is found only in a few locations across the globe. The population of the community was approximately 400 before Hurricanes Laura and Delta devastated the community in August and October of 2020. By September of 2021 the population had recovered to almost 300.

Johnson Bayou is part of the Lake Charles Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cameron Parish, Louisiana
Cameron Parish (French: Paroisse de Cameron) is a parish in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,617. The parish seat is Cameron. Although it is the largest parish by area in Louisiana, it has the second-smallest population in the state, ahead of only Tensas. Cameron Parish is part of the Lake Charles metropolitan statistical area.
Nabi Bux Khan Bhutto
Nawab Nabi Bux Khan Bhutto (2 January 1887 – 6 December 1965) was the Pakistani lawyer and political leader who was the member of legislative assembly before Partition of India till 14 August 1947. He was also the brother of Shah Nawaz Bhutto, who later became father of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. He is also famous for being father of Mumtaz Bhutto and grandfather of Ameer Bux Bhutto.

Shah Nawaz Bhutto
Shah Nawaz Bhutto (8 March 1888 – 19 November 1957) was a Pakistani politician and landowner who was the head of the Bhutto family and served as the last prime minister (dewan) of Junagadh from 1947 to 1948, when India invaded and annexed the state. He represented Sind in the Bombay Legislative Council from 1921 to 1936. He was the father of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the fourth president and ninth prime minister of Pakistan.