hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oscar II
Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907 and King of Norway from 1872 to 1905.

Oscar was the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He inherited the Swedish and Norwegian thrones when his brother died in 1872. Oscar II ruled during a time when both countries were undergoing a period of industrialization and rapid technological progress. His reign also saw the gradual decline of the Union of Sweden and Norway, which culminated in its dissolution in 1905. In 1905, the throne of Norway was transferred to his grandnephew Prince Carl of Denmark under the regnal name Haakon VII. When Oscar died in 1907, he was succeeded in Sweden by his eldest son, Gustaf V.

Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
The dissolution of the union (Bokmål: unionsoppløsningen; Nynorsk: unionsoppløysinga; Landsmål: unionsuppløysingi; Swedish: unionsupplösningen) between the kingdoms of Norway and Sweden under the House of Bernadotte, was set in motion by a resolution of the Storting on 7 June 1905. Following some months of tension and fear of an outbreak of war between the neighbouring kingdoms (then in personal union) – and a Norwegian plebiscite held on 13 August which overwhelmingly backed dissolution – negotiations between the two governments led to Sweden's recognition of Norway as an independent constitutional monarchy on 26 October 1905. On that date, King Oscar II renounced his claim to the Norwegian throne, effectively dissolving the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and this event was swiftly followed, on 18 November, by the accession to the Norwegian throne of Prince Carl of Denmark, taking the name of Haakon VII.
Tom Boonen
Tom Boonen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtɔm ˈboːnə(n)]; born 15 October 1980) is a Belgian former road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 2002 and 2017 for the U.S. Postal Service and Quick-Step Floors teams and a professional racing driver who currently competes in Belcar, having previously competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series. Boonen won the 2005 UCI World Road Race Championships, and was a single-day road specialist with a strong finishing sprint. He won the cycling monuments Paris–Roubaix four times and the Tour of Flanders three times, among many other prestigious victories, such as prevailing five times in the E3 Harelbeke, winning six stages of the Tour de France and winning the Overall title of the Tour of Qatar four times.

Soudal Quick-Step
Soudal–Quick-Step (UCI team code: SOQ) is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Jurgen Foré. The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati, Iljo Keisse, Klaas Lodewyck, Wilfried Peeters, Tom Steels, Geert Van Bondt, Dries Devenyns and Kevin Hulsmans.

The team is nicknamed 'The Wolfpack' and has used the term in its branding since 2017.
Nice Work If You Can Get It: Songs by the Gershwins
Nice Work If You Can Get It: Songs by the Gershwins is a 1996 album by American vocalist Michael Feinstein of songs composed by George Gershwin. It was Feinstein's second album of Gershwin's music, following Pure Gershwin (1987) and preceding Michael & George: Feinstein Sings Gershwin (1998).

Pure Gershwin
Pure Gershwin is an album by American vocalist Michael Feinstein of songs composed by George Gershwin. This was Feinstein's debut studio recording, originally released on the Parnassus label in 1985.

It was Feinstein's first album of Gershwin's music, his two other all-Gershwin albums are Nice Work If You Can Get It: Songs by the Gershwins (1996) and Michael & George: Feinstein Sings Gershwin (1998).
SAKO
Sako Limited (natively Sako Oy) is a Finnish firearm and ammunition manufacturer located in Riihimäki, Kanta-Häme in southern Finland. It also has owned the Tikka brand of bolt-action rifles since 1983, and is now owned by the Italian firearm holding company Beretta Holding. The name Sako comes from the company's former name Suojeluskuntain Ase- ja Konepaja Oy (lit. 'Civil Guard Gun and Machining Works Ltd').

Beretta Holding
Beretta Holding is headquartered in Luxembourg. It is a holding company for the Italian industrial group and holds direct or indirect participation in 26 companies, including Beretta. The eponymous company is managed by fifteenth-generation descendants of Maestro Bartolomeo Beretta, progenitor of a firearms manufacturing dynasty.
Heart Scarab of Hatnefer
The Heart Scarab of Hatnefer is a piece of funerary jewelry dating to the fifteenth century BC. Made of gold and carved serpentinite, the heart scarab was intended to be interred with a woman of importance and was discovered among the artifacts in her tomb, where she and her husband were buried. The amulet was intended to prompt her heart to report her character as qualifying to enter the afterlife and to fulfill that role if the heart might fail to weigh as deserving. The piece is currently in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan.

Heart scarab
The heart scarab is an oval scarab artifact dating from ancient Egypt. Mostly an amulet, it also was used as jewelry, a memorializing artifact, or a grave good. The function of the heart scarab according to Ancient Egyptian religion was to bind the heart to silence whilst it was being weighed in the underworld, to ensure that the heart did not bear false witness against the deceased, or to act in its place if necessary. The heart scarab is usually inscribed with Chapter 30B of the Book of the Dead.
Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province.

Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

Syr Darya
The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes (/dʒækˈsɑːrtiːz/ jak-SAR-teez; Ancient Greek: Ἰαξάρτης), is a river in Central Asia. The name, which is Persian, literally means Syr Sea or Syr River. It originates in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan, and flows for 2,256.25 kilometres (1,401.97 mi) west and north-west through Uzbekistan, Sughd province of Tajikistan, and southern Kazakhstan to the northern remnants of the Aral Sea. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the endorheic basin of the Aral Sea, the other being the Amu Darya.

During the Soviet era, extensive irrigation projects were constructed around both rivers, diverting their water into farmland and causing, during the post-Soviet era, the virtual disappearance of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The point at which the river flows from Tajikistan into Uzbekistan is, at 300 m (980 ft) above sea level, the lowest elevation in Tajikistan.
Delta method
In statistics, the delta method is a method of deriving the asymptotic distribution of a random variable. It is applicable when the random variable being considered can be defined as a differentiable function of a random variable which is asymptotically Gaussian. More generally, the delta method applies to Hadamard directionally differentiable functionals of stochastic processes that converge to a limiting process.

Hadamard derivative
In mathematics, the Hadamard derivative is a concept of directional derivative for maps between Banach spaces. It is particularly suited for applications in stochastic programming and asymptotic statistics.
Wang Cong
Wang Cong (Chinese: 王聪; pinyin: Wáng Cōng; born 15 May 1992) is a Chinese mixed martial artist, boxer and Sanda kickboxer currently competing in the women's Flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). She was the Kunlun Fight Women's Lightweight Champion as well as the Kunlun Fight 2018 Legend of Mulan Tournament winner. As of February 10, 2026, she is #11 in the UFC women's flyweight rankings.

With regards to her amateur credentials, she won a gold medal in Sanda at the 2013 World Wushu Championships and another gold medal at the 2014 Asian Games. She won a silver medal in amateur boxing at the 2019 World Championships.

Kunlun Fight
Kunlun Fight (KLF) (Chinese: 昆仑决; pinyin: Kūnlún Jué) is a kickboxing promotion headquartered in Beijing, China. It debuted in 2014 and is regarded as one of the top kickboxing promotions in the world. Events are broadcast on Jiangsu Television domestically and on various regional and international channels.

The first event was held in Pattaya, Thailand on January 25, 2014. The promotion has since held over 20 events each year.
Hans Kamecke
Generalleutnant Hans Kamecke (18 August 1890 – 16 October 1943) was a German Wehrmacht officer who saw service commanding the 137th Infantry Division during the Second World War. He was killed in action on 16 October 1943 near Kolpen and posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

137th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 137th Infantry Division was a major fighting formation of the German Army (Wehrmacht). It was created in October 1940, and first saw combat in Operation Barbarossa as part of Army Group Centre. The division remained on the central sector of the Eastern Front, where it participated in heavy fighting.

By November 1943, the division's losses on the Eastern Front were so high that it only consisted of two infantry regiments. This was followed by the withdrawal from the front, where the division was disbanded. The remaining troops were converted into Division Group 137.

The staff of the former division was reassigned to the 271st Infantry Division. Division Group 137 became subordinated to Korps-Abteilung E, which was also set up in November 1943, under Army Group Center.
Caroline, Lady Dalmeny
Caroline Julia, Lady Dalmeny FRSA FRGS  (née Daglish; born 1969) is a British former defence policy analyst. Lady Dalmeny was married to Harry Primrose, Lord Dalmeny. They were reported to be divorcing in 2014.

Harry Primrose, 8th Earl of Rosebery
Harry Ronald Neil Primrose, 8th Earl of Rosebery, 4th Earl of Midlothian DL (born 20 November 1967), styled Lord Dalmeny between 1974 and 2024, known as Harry Dalmeny, is a British aristocrat and the Chairman of Sotheby's in the United Kingdom.

A member of the British aristocracy, he is the holder of ten noble titles, including the earldoms of Rosebery and Midlothian, to the Primrose family estate Dalmeny House, and to the chiefship of Clan Primrose.

Primrose is a Deputy Lieutenant for the county of Midlothian and is a member of the Royal Company of Archers.
Michel Ancel
Michel Ancel (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ɑ̃sɛl]; born 29 March 1972) is a retired Monégasque-French video game designer. He is best known for creating the Rayman franchise and was the lead designer or director for several of the games, including Rayman Origins (2011) and its sequel Rayman Legends (2013). He is also known for the critically acclaimed video game Beyond Good & Evil, as well as for King Kong, based on Peter Jackson's 2005 film of the same name. In 2017, he began work on Beyond Good and Evil 2, although he left the project in 2020.

Beyond Good and Evil 2
Beyond Good and Evil 2 is an upcoming action-adventure game developed by Ubisoft Montpellier and to be published by Ubisoft. It is a prequel to Beyond Good & Evil (2003). The game was originally announced at Ubidays 2008, with almost a decade of silence before being re-revealed at Ubisoft's E3 2017 conference, although no release window or target platforms have been mentioned.

Its development was characterized in the media by uncertainty, doubt, and rumors about the game's future, and has been referred to as vaporware by industry figures such as Jason Schreier due to its lengthy development and lack of a release date. In 2022, Beyond Good and Evil 2 broke the record held by Duke Nukem Forever (2011) for the longest development period of a AAA video game, at more than 15 years. In 2023, the creative director, Emile Morel, died at age 40. Designer Fawzi Mesmar was appointed as the new creative director in October 2024.
Semionotiformes
Semionotiformes is an order of ray-finned fish known from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) to the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). Their closest living relatives are gars (Lepisosteidae), with both groups belonging to the clade Ginglymodi within the Holostei. The group includes both freshwater (Semionotidae) and marine (Callipurbeckiidae, Macrosemiidae) adapted forms. Many members of the family Macrosemiidae (which are usually included in Semionotiformes but sometimes placed in their order), had elongated dorsal fins, often associated with an adjacent area of skin which was free of scales. These fins were likely undulated for use in precision swimming. The body morphology of macrosemiids suggests that they were slow swimmers who were capable of maneuvering around complex topography, such as reef environments.

Macrosemiidae
Macrosemiidae is an extinct family of ginglymodian fish. The family first appeared during the Middle Triassic and disappeared during the Late Cretaceous. The group has been found in rock formations in Africa, Australia, Eurasia and North America. As ginglymodians, their closest living relatives are gars, with them being typically placed as nested within the Semionotiformes. Many members of the family have elongated dorsal fins, often associated with adjacent area of skin which was free of scales. These fins were likely undulated for use in precision swimming. Their body morphology suggests that they were slow swimmers that were capable of maneuvering around complex topography, such as reef environments.
On the Line: The Richard Williams Story
On The Line: The Richard Williams Story is a 2022 American documentary film, written and directed by Stuart McClave. It profiles the famous tennis patriarch Richard Williams, the father and coach of Venus Williams and Serena Williams.

Richard Williams (tennis coach)
Richard Dove Williams Jr. (born February 14, 1942) is an American former tennis coach and the father of tennis players Venus and Serena Williams. He styled himself "King Richard", which later became the title of an Oscar-winning biopic about him.
Flucindole
Flucindole (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; developmental code name WIN-35150) is an antipsychotic of the tetrahydrocarbazolamine family with a tricyclic cyclized tryptamine structure that was never marketed. It is the 6,8-difluoro derivative of ciclindole. The drug is about 5 to 10 times more potent than ciclindole both in vitro and in vivo.

Tetrahydrocarbazolamine
Tetrahydrocarbazolamines, or tetrahydrocarbazolylamines, also known as aminotetrahydrocarbazoles, are a group of cyclized tryptamines in which the indole ring has been cyclized into a tricyclic tetrahydrocarbazole ring system. They include the antipsychotics ciclindole and flucindole, the triptans frovatriptan and LY-344864, and the antiplatelet drug ramatroban. Tetrahydrocarbazolamines are known to act as serotonin receptor modulators, as well as modulators of other receptors such as dopamine and adrenergic receptors.
127th Command and Control Squadron
The 127th Command and Control Squadron (127 CACS) was a unit of the Kansas Air National Guard 184th Intelligence Wing stationed at McConnell Air Force Base, Wichita, Kansas.  The 127th was a non-flying squadron operating the Distributed Common Ground System.  The unit was inactivated on 29 September 2014.

The squadron is a descendant organization of the Kansas National Guard 127th Observation Squadron, established on 30 July 1940.  It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.

McConnell Air Force Base
McConnell Air Force Base (IATA: IAB, ICAO: KIAB, FAA LID: IAB) is a United States Air Force base located four miles (6 km) southeast of the central business district of Wichita, a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. The airbase was named in honor of the brothers Fred and Thomas McConnell of Wichita, who had both been Air Force pilots and veterans of World War II. It is the home of Air Mobility Command's 22nd Air Refueling Wing (22 ARW), Air Force Reserve Command's 931st Air Refueling Wing (931 ARW), and the Kansas Air National Guard's 184th Wing (184 W).

McConnell's primary mission is to provide global reach by conducting air refueling and airlift where and when needed.
Ida Rolf
Ida Pauline Rolf (May 19, 1896 – March 19, 1979) was a biochemist and the creator of the practice of Structural Integration, later termed Rolfing, a type of manual therapy that claims to aligning the human body's so-called "energy field" and Earth's gravity.

Rolfing
Rolfing (/ˈrɔːlfɪŋ, ˈrɒl-/) is a form of alternative medicine originally developed by Ida Rolf (1896–1979) as Structural Integration. Rolfing is marketed with unproven claims of various health benefits, is recognized as pseudoscience and is generally characterized as quackery.
It is based on Rolf's ideas about how the human body's "energy field" can benefit when aligned with the Earth's gravitational field.

Rolfing is typically delivered as a series of ten hands-on physical manipulation sessions sometimes called "the recipe". Practitioners combine superficial and deep manual therapy with movement prompts. The process is sometimes painful. The safety of Rolfing has not been confirmed. The principles of Rolfing contradict established medical knowledge, and there is no good evidence Rolfing is effective for the treatment of any health condition.
Wacker process
The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) is an industrial chemical reaction: the aerobic oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of catalytic, aqueous palladium(II) chloride and copper(II) chloride.

Net reaction in the Wacker process

The Tsuji-Wacker oxidation refers to a family of reactions inspired by the Wacker process.  In Tsuji-Wacker reactions, palladium(II) catalyzes transformation of α-olefins into carbonyl compounds in various solvents.

The development of the Wacker process popularized modern organopalladium chemistry, and Tsuji-Wacker oxidations remain in use today.

Organopalladium chemistry
Organopalladium chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions. Palladium is often used as a catalyst in the reduction of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen. This process involves the formation of a palladium-carbon covalent bond. Palladium is also prominent in carbon-carbon coupling reactions, as demonstrated in tandem reactions.
The Potbelleez
The Potbelleez are a three-member Irish-Australian electro-house and dance music group, which formed in 2003 as a duo by DJs Dave Goode (a.k.a. David Greene) and Jonny Sonic (Jonathon Murphy). In 2005 they were joined by rapper Blue MC (Marisa Lock) on vocals and in 2006 by iKid (Ilan Kidron) on vocals. In October 2007, the group issued their breakthrough single, "Don't Hold Back", which peaked at No. 5 on the ARIA Singles Chart and, in 2011, it was certified 3× Platinum by ARIA. On 22 November 2008 their debut self-titled album was released, which reached No. 17 on the ARIA Albums Chart. On 27 May 2011 they issued a second studio album, Destination Now, which peaked at the same position. It spawned Gold and Multi Platinum-accredited singles "Hello" (2010) and "From the Music" (2011).

Don't Hold Back (The Potbelleez song)
"Don't Hold Back" is a song by the Irish-Australian band the Potbelleez, released on 6 September 2007 as the second single from their debut album The Potbelleez. The single is their most successful to date and received heavy airplay across Australia. It has gone on to sell over 210,000 copies in Australia alone and won Most Played Dance Work of year at 2009 APRA Awards. It has been featured as the key advertising song for "Jeep – Don't Hold Back" in Australia.
Vin Mariani
Vin Mariani (French: Mariani wine) was a coca wine and patent medicine created in the 1860s by Angelo Mariani, a French chemist from the island of Corsica. Mariani became intrigued with coca and its medical and economic potential after reading Paolo Mantegazza's paper on the effects of coca. Between 1863 and 1868 Mariani started marketing a coca wine called Vin Tonique Mariani (à la Coca du Pérou) which was made from Bordeaux wine and coca leaves.

The ethanol in the wine acted as a solvent and extracted the cocaine from the coca leaves. It originally contained 6 mg of cocaine per fluid ounce of wine (211.2 mg/L), but Vin Mariani that was to be exported contained 7.2 mg per ounce (253.4 mg/L), in order to compete with the higher cocaine content of similar drinks in the United States. Advertisements for Vin Mariani claimed that it would restore health, strength, energy and vitality.

Angelo Mariani (chemist)
Angelo Mariani, born Ange-François Mariani (17 December 1838 – 1 April 1914) was a French pharmacy technician (assists the pharmacist in dispensing, preparation and administration), and entrepreneur from the island of Corsica. He was born in Pero-Casevecchie, Haute-Corse. A pharmacist is known as a chemist in Commonwealth English.
Bibi Sahib Kaur
Rajkumari Bibi Sahib Kaur (1771–1801) was a Sikh princess of Patiala and the elder sister of Sahib Singh, the Raja-e-Rajgan of Patiala. Sahib Kaur served as Patiala's Prime Minister and the General of the Patiala Army. She is remembered for her leadership in protecting the Patiala kingdom from Marathas in the late-18th century, alongside Rani Rajinder Kaur.

Sahib Singh of Patiala
Sahib Singh (1773–1813) was the third ruler and the Raja-e-Rajgan (King of Kings) of the Patiala. Singh's reign was noted for the power and influence wielded by his sister, Sahib Kaur, who served as his Prime Minister and the General of Patiala's army. He was also a member of the Phulkian dynasty. In 1809, Singh allied with and pledged loyalty to the British Empire.
2013 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game
The 2013 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game between the North Dakota State Bison and the Sam Houston State Bearkats. It was played on January 5, 2013, at FC Dallas Stadium in Frisco, Texas. The culminating game of the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season, it was won by North Dakota State, 39–13.

With sponsorship by Enterprise Rent-A-Car, the game was officially known as the NCAA FCS Championship presented by Enterprise Rent-A-Car. The contest was a rematch of the prior season's championship game, which was also won by North Dakota State.

2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The season began on August 30, 2012, and concluded with the 2013 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game on January 5, 2013, at FC Dallas Stadium in Frisco, Texas. North Dakota State beat Sam Houston State for the second year in a row, 39-13, to repeat as champions.