hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jerzy Szacki
Jerzy Ryszard Szacki (6 February 1929 – 25 October 2016) was a Polish sociologist and historian of ideas. From 1973 he was a professor at the University of Warsaw, and in 1991  became a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is considered one of the most prominent representatives of the Warsaw School of the History of Ideas.

Warsaw School (history of ideas)
The Warsaw School was a group of Polish historians of ideas active in the late 1950s and the 1960s. It was headed by Bronisław Baczko and Leszek Kołakowski and also included scholars such as Andrzej Walicki, Jerzy Szacki and Krzysztof Pomian.
The Darvish Detonates Paris
The Darvish Detonates Paris is a 1976 Soviet comedy film directed by Shamil Mahmudbeyov and Kamil Rustambeyov. It stars Adil Isgandarov as Hatamkhan agha, Sergei Yursky as Monsieur Jordan, and Mirza Babayev as Darvish Mastali Shah. The film was based on the satirical comedy A Story about the Botanist-doctor Monsieur Jordan and the Famous Sorcerer Dervish Mastali Shah, inspired from true events, by Azerbaijani playwright and poet Mirza Fatali Akhundov. The film criticizes the ignorance and backwardness in 19th century Azerbaijan. The character Monsieur Jordan is based on the accomplished French botanist Alexis Jordan.

The Darvish Detonates Paris is often viewed as one of the most memorable films of Azerbaijani cinema. It holds an important place in the cultural heritage of Azerbaijan.

Cinema of Azerbaijan
Cinema of Azerbaijan dates back to the 19th century. Azerbaijan is one of the first countries in the world involved in cinematography. The first Azerbaijani film was a thirty second long silent film called The Oil Gush Fire in Bibiheybat, which was recorded using the cinematograph.
Immunet
Immunet was a free, cloud-based, community-driven antivirus application, using the ClamAV and its own engine. The software is complementary with existing antivirus software. In January 2011 Immunet was acquired by Sourcefire.

The application is free-of-charge, although a commercial version is available. It claims to be lightweight and provides always up-to-date protection against the threats. Virus signature files are stored in the cloud, not on individual computers, so signature downloads are not required. Once a virus is detected and blocked for one user, all other Immunet users receive the same protection almost instantly. The software is noted for its ability to allow individual users to easily author their own signatures.

Antivirus software
Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is software intended to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other computer threats. Some products also include protection from malicious URLs, spam, and phishing.
Ivvavik National Park
Ivvavik National Park (/ˈiːvəvɪk/ EE-və-vik) is a national park of Canada located in the Yukon. Initially named "Northern Yukon National Park," the park was renamed Ivvavik in 1992 for the Inuvialuktun word meaning "nursery" or "birthplace," in reference to the importance of the area as a calving ground for Porcupine caribou. Created as a result of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement in 1984, negotiated between the Canadian Government and the Inuvialuit of the Northern Yukon, Ivvavik is the first national park in Canada to be established as a result of an aboriginal land claims agreement. About 100 people visit the park each year.

National parks of Canada
National parks of Canada are vast natural spaces located throughout the country that are protected by Parks Canada, a government agency. Parks Canada manages the National Parks and Reserves in order to protect and preserve the Canadian wildlife and habitat that fall within the ecosystems of the park, educate visitors, and ensure public enjoyment in ways that do not compromise the area for future generations. The areas that fall within Parks Canada's governance include a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves. Canada established its first national park in Banff in 1885, and has since expanded its national park system to include 37 national parks and 11 national park reserves.
Bonn (TV series)
Bonn (German: Bonn – Alte Freunde, neue Feinde; lit. "Bonn – Old friends, new enemies") is a six-part German political thriller TV series released in January 2023, directed by Claudia Garde, who is also lead writer. Set in the Federal Republic of Germany in the aftermath of World War II in the 1950s, the series stars Mercedes Müller in the lead role as the young woman Toni. The cast includes Max Riemelt, Sebastian Blomberg, Martin Wuttke, Juergen Maurer, Johanna Gastdorf and Christian Harting.

Jürgen Maurer
Jürgen Maurer (born 30 January 1967) is an Austrian stage and screen actor. He was a regular cast member of Austrian co-produced crime drama Tatort, and appeared in society drama Vorstadtweiber. He is known to English-speaking audiences for his role as Detective Oskar Rheinhardt in the British-Austrian series Vienna Blood.
Kilcoole railway station
Kilcoole railway station (Irish: Stáisiún Chill Chomghaill) is a railway station in Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland. The station serves the village of the same name and the nearby village of Newtownmountkennedy.

Kilcoole
Kilcoole (Irish: Cill Chomhghaill, meaning 'church of Comhghall') is a town in County Wicklow, Ireland. It is 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Greystones, 14 km (9 mi) north of Wicklow, and about 28 km (17 mi) south of Dublin. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name. Kilcoole was used as a filming location for the Irish television series Glenroe, which ran through the 1980s and 1990s.

The town has a large industrial estate to the south. An area of marshland runs along the coast from Kilcoole south to Wicklow town, called the Murragh. This area is home to many endangered species of plants and animals. The nearby beach is the summertime home of the little tern, one of the few places in Ireland where these birds nest. Within Kilcoole, is an area of flora known as the Rock which is a huge rock/hill that predates the Cambrian Period.

Kilcoole is in the Roman Catholic parish of Kilquade and the local church, St. Anthony's Church, was opened in 1968.
The wrong type of snow
"The wrong type of snow" or "the wrong kind of snow" is a phrase coined by the British media in 1991 after severe weather caused disruption to many of British Rail's services. A British Rail press release stated that the disruptions were due to a particular type of snow on the line, and the media ridiculed this explanation and expressed scepticism that there were different types of snow. Henceforth in the United Kingdom, the phrase became a byword for euphemistic and pointless excuses.

Winter of 1990–91 in Western Europe
The winter of 1990–91 was a particularly cold winter in Western Europe, noted especially for its effect on the United Kingdom, and for two significantly heavy falls of snow which occurred in December 1990 and February 1991. Sandwiched in between was a period of high winds and heavy rain which caused widespread damage. The winter was the coldest since January 1987, and the snowfall experienced in many parts of the United Kingdom would not be seen again until the snowfall of February 2009.
Charles Emmanuel III
Charles Emmanuel III (27 April 1701 – 20 February 1773) was Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from his father's abdication on 3 September 1730 until his death in 1773. He was the paternal grandfather of the last three mainline kings of Sardinia. In the War of the Polish Succession, he initially gained Lombardy but later ceded it for smaller territorial gains. During the War of the Austrian Succession, he defended Piedmont against a Franco-Spanish army, winning the Battle of Assietta. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle restored lost lands and expanded his territory. He strengthened ties with Spain through marriage alliances. He chose not to get involved in the Seven Years War and instead focused on administrative reforms and maintaining a well-disciplined army.

Victor Amadeus III
Victor Amadeus III (Vittorio Amedeo Maria; 26 June 1726 – 16 October 1796) was King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 20 February 1773 to his death in 1796. Although he was politically conservative, he carried out numerous administrative reforms until he declared war on Revolutionary France in 1792. He was the father of the last three mainline kings of Sardinia.
John Hely-Hutchinson, 7th Earl of Donoughmore
John Michael Henry Hely-Hutchinson, 7th Earl of Donoughmore (12 November 1902 – 12 August 1981), known until 1948 by his courtesy title Viscount Suirdale, was a British politician who later sat as an hereditary peer in the House of Lords.

Michael Hely-Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore
Richard Michael John Hely Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore (8 August 1927 – 25 April 2025) was an Irish peer, styled Viscount Suirdale from 1948 until 1981.

The son of John Hely-Hutchinson, 7th Earl of Donoughmore, and Dorothy Jean Hotham, he succeeded to his father's titles in 1981 and sat in the House of Lords under the Viscountcy of Hutchinson (a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom). Due to the House of Lords Act 1999 he lost his seat.

Donoughmore was educated at Winchester, Groton School (Massachusetts) and  New College, Oxford, graduating with a medical degree and later gaining the rank of captain in the service of the Royal Army Medical Corps.

Donoughmore died on 25 April 2025, at the age of 97.
Ampeg
Ampeg ("amplified peg")  is a manufacturer best known for its bass amplifiers.

Originally established in 1946 in Linden, New Jersey by Everett Hull and Stanley Michaels as "Michael-Hull Electronic Labs," today Ampeg is part of the Yamaha Guitar Group.  Although specializing in the production of bass amplifiers, Ampeg has previously manufactured guitar amplifiers and pickups and instruments including double basses, bass guitars, and electric guitars.

St. Louis Music
St. Louis Music (SLM) is a manufacturer and distributor of musical instruments, accessories, and equipment. SLM distributes products from over 260 music products industry brands, is the corporate owner of several string- and brass-instruments brands, and is the producer and exclusive worldwide distributor of Alvarez and Alvarez-Yairi guitars.
Simon Ward
Simon Anthony Fox Ward (16 October 1941 – 20 July 2012) was a British stage and film actor from Beckenham, England. He was known chiefly for his performance as Winston Churchill in the 1972 film Young Winston. He played many other screen roles, including those of Sir Monty Everard in Judge John Deed and Bishop Gardiner in The Tudors.

Stephen Gardiner
Stephen Gardiner (27 July 1483 – 12 November 1555) was an English Catholic bishop and politician during the English Reformation period who served as Lord Chancellor during the reign of Queen Mary I.

Skilled in canon law, he had a significant career as a civil servant and diplomat, being brought to King Henry VIII's attention when working for Cardinal Wolsey, then serving as the king's Secretary.  As a bishop, he was the most important religious conservative to retain his diocese during the later reign of Henry, supporting the king's claim as Supreme Governor of the Church of England.  He spent most of the reign of Edward VI in prison, but was restored by Mary I of England, in whose reign he died.
Henry Linville
Henry Linville (often Henry R. Linville) (August 12, 1866 in St. Joseph, Missouri – October 1, 1941 in North Carolina) was a co-founder of the New York City Teachers Union (TU) in 1916 and the New York City Teachers Guild (TG), which broke off from the TU in 1935.  He also served as president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) from 1931 to 1934.

Teachers Union
The New York City Teachers Union or "TU" (1916–1964) was the first New York labor union for teachers, formed as "AFT Local 5" of the American Federation of Teachers, which found itself hounded throughout its history due largely to co-membership of many of its members in the Communist Party USA (CPUSA).
E. C. Manning Provincial Park
E.C. Manning Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.  It is usually referred to as Manning Park, although that nomenclature is also used to refer to the resort and ski area at the park's core. The park covers 83,671 hectares (323 mi2) and was the second most visited provincial park in 2017-18 after Cypress Provincial Park. The park lies along British Columbia Highway 3, and occupies a large amount of land between Hope and Princeton along the Canada-United States border.

Princeton, British Columbia
Princeton is a town municipality in the Similkameen region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The former mining and railway hub lies at the confluence of the Tulameen into the Similkameen River, just east of the Cascade Mountains. At the junction of BC Highway 3 and 5A, the locality is by road about 67 kilometres (42 mi) northwest of Keremeos, 133 kilometres (83 mi) east of Hope, and 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Merritt.
Sabermetrics
Sabermetrics (originally SABRmetrics)  is the original or blanket term for sports analytics for the empirical analysis of baseball, especially the development of advanced metrics based on baseball statistics that measure in-game activity. The term is derived from the movement's progenitors, members of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), founded in 1971, and was coined by Bill James, 
(in 1980, according to SABR.org), who is one of its pioneers and considered its most prominent advocate and public face.

The term moneyball refers to the use of metrics to identify "undervalued players" and sign them to what ideally will become "below market value" contracts; it began as an effort by small-market teams to compete with the much greater resources of big-market ones.

Bill James
George William James (born October 5, 1949) is an American baseball writer, historian, and statistician whose work has been widely influential.  Since 1977, James has written more than two dozen books about baseball history and statistics. His approach, which he named sabermetrics after the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), scientifically analyzes and studies baseball, often through the use of statistical data, in an attempt to determine why teams win and lose.

In 2006, Time named him in the Time 100 as one of the most influential people in the world. In 2003, James was hired as senior advisor on Baseball Operations for the Boston Red Sox and worked for the team for 17 years during which they won four World Series championships.
Chandan Kumar Sarkar
Chandan Kumar Sarkar (died 19 November 2018) was an Indian politician from the state of Assam. He served as the Minister of Irrigation and Soil Conservation in the Third Tarun Gogoi Ministry from 2015 to 2016. He was a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly from Abhayapuri South constituency from 1991 to 1996, 2001 to 2006 and again from 2011 to 2016. His son Pradip Sarkar is the current MLA from Abhayapuri South Assembly constituency.

Abhayapuri South Assembly constituency
Abhayapuri South Assembly constituency was one of the 126 constituencies of the Assam Legislative Assembly, in Assam, northeastern India.

Abhayapuri South (constituency number 35) was one of the 3 constituencies located in Bongaigaon district. It was reserved for scheduled castes.

This constituency was abolished in 2023.

Abhayapuri South was part of Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency along with 9 other assembly segments, namely, Bongaigaon and Abhayapuri North in this district, Patacharkuchi, Barpeta, Jania, Baghbar, Sarukhetri and Chenga in Barpeta district and Dharmapur in Nalbari district.
Bioelectrochemical reactor
A Bioelectrochemical reactor is a type of bioreactor where bioelectrochemical processes are used to degrade/produce organic materials using microorganisms. This bioreactor has two compartments: The anode, where the oxidation reaction takes place; And the cathode, where the reduction occurs. At these sites, electrons are passed to and from microbes to power reduction of protons, breakdown of organic waste, or other desired processes. They are used in microbial electrosynthesis, environmental remediation, and electrochemical energy conversion. Examples of bioelectrochemical reactors include microbial electrolysis cells, microbial fuel cells, enzymatic biofuel cells, electrolysis cells, microbial electrosynthesis cells, and biobatteries.

Electrochemical energy conversion
Electrochemical energy conversion is a field of energy technology concerned with electrochemical methods of energy conversion including fuel cells and photoelectrochemical. This field of technology also includes electrical storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors. It is increasingly important in context of automotive propulsion systems. There has been the creation of more powerful, longer running batteries allowing longer run times for electric vehicles. These systems would include the energy conversion fuel cells and photoelectrochemical mentioned above.
Walter Laqueur
Walter Ze'ev Laqueur (26 May 1921 – 30 September 2018) was a German-born American historian, journalist, political commentator, and Holocaust survivor. He was an influential scholar on the subjects of terrorism and political violence.

George Mosse
Gerhard "George" Lachmann Mosse (September 20, 1918 – January 22, 1999) was a German-born, Jewish-American social and cultural historian, who emigrated from Nazi Germany to Great Britain and then to the United States. He was professor of history at the University of Iowa, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and also in Israel, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Best known for his studies of Nazism, he authored more than 25 books on topics as diverse as constitutional history, Protestant theology, and the history of masculinity. In 1966, he and Walter Laqueur founded The Journal of Contemporary History, which they co-edited.
Max-dominated strategy
In game theory, a max-dominated strategy is a strategy that is never a best response to any possible strategy profile of the other players. This means there is no situation in which the strategy is optimal to play, even if it is not strictly worse than another strategy in every case.

The concept generalizes the notion of a strictly dominated strategy, which is a strategy that always yields a lower payoff than some other strategy, no matter what the other players do. Every strictly dominated strategy is max-dominated, but not every max-dominated strategy is strictly dominated. For example, suppose strategy A gives the same payoff as another strategy B against some opponent choices, but never gives a higher payoff than B—and is strictly worse in some cases. In this case, A is never a best response, so it is max-dominated, even though it is not strictly dominated.

Strategic dominance
In game theory, a strategy A dominates another strategy B if A will always produce a better result than B, regardless of how any other player plays. Some very simple games (called straightforward games) can be solved using dominance.
Outline of criminal justice
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to criminal justice:

Criminal justice – system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts.

Criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice when a crime is committed. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include retribution, reformation and rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and support for victims. The primary institutions of the criminal justice system are the police, prosecution and defense lawyers, the courts and the prison system.
2021–22 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds
The 2021–22 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds were played from 10 September to 24 October 2021. A total of 54 teams competed in the qualifying rounds to decide the 16 places in the group stage of the 2021–22 CAF Champions League.

Times are in local times.

2021–22 CAF Champions League group stage
The 2021–22 CAF Champions League group stage were played from 11 February to 3 April 2022. A total of 16 teams competed in the group stage to decide the eight places in the knockout stage of the 2021–22 CAF Champions League.

Times are in local times.
Veerendra Heggade
Dharmasthala Veerendra Heggade (born 25 November 1948) is an Indian philanthropist and the hereditary administrator of the Dharmasthala Temple in the Indian state of Karnataka. He succeeded to the post at the age of 19, on 24 October 1968, the 21st in his line. He administers the temple and its properties, which are held in trust. He is a nominated Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since July 2022.

He was awarded the Karnataka Ratna award for the year 2009, the highest civilian award in Karnataka.

His tenure at Dharmasthala has been marked by controversy, including unresolved rape and murder cases and allegations of cover-ups by temple officials and his family members.

Dharmasthala Temple
Dharmasthala Temple (Shri Kṣhētra Dharmasthala) is an 800-year-old Hindu religious institution in the temple town of Dharmasthala in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India. The deities of the temple are Hindu god Shiva, who is referred to as Mañjunatha, Hindu goddess Ammanavaru (meaning mother), the Tirthankara Chandraprabha and the protective gods of Jainism, Kalarahu, Kalarkayi, Kumarasvami and Kanyakumari. The temple was reconsecrated in 16th century by Hindu Dvaita saint Vadiraja Tirtha by the request of the then administrator of the temple, Devaraja Heggade. The temple is considered unique, since the priests in the temple are Madhwa Brahmins, who are Vaishnava, and the administration is run by a Jain Bunt family called the Pergades.
Cobhams Asuquo
Cobhams Asuquo (Efik pronunciation: [ˈko̞bʱäms äsˈuːku:wo̞]) (born January 6, 1981) is a Nigerian musician, producer, and songwriter. After working as Head of Audio Productions at a local label, Questionmark Entertainment, he set up his own recording facility in 2006. He is the former CEO/Head of Productions of CAMP (Cobhams Asuquo Music Productions), which he co-managed with Bez Idakula and Stan Iyke.

Bez (musician)
Emmanuel Bez Idakula, known as Bez (born 10 November 1983), is a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist, singer-songwriter and composer, working in a genre known as "alternative soul", a hybrid of soul, rock, jazz and R&B. He was featured in Pulse Magazine as number one on the list of "Top 12 Musicians To Look Out For in 2014".
Miss Venezuela 2007
Miss Venezuela 2007 was the 54th Miss Venezuela pageant, held at the Poliedro de Caracas in Caracas, Venezuela, on September 13, 2007. The ceremony was designed to look more elaborate.

Lydimar Carolina Jonaitis  of Guárico crowned Dayana Sabrina Mendoza of Amazonas as her successor at the end of the event.

Dayana Mendoza
Dayana Sabrina Mendoza Uribe (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈʝana menˈdosa]; née Moncada; born 1 June 1986) is a Venezuelan actress, model, film producer, director, and beauty queen. She is the winner of the titles of Miss Venezuela 2007 and Miss Universe 2008.

Dayana Mendoza, in 2012, participated in The Celebrity Apprentice, hosted by then real estate developer Donald Trump.

In 2018, she ventured as a producer and director of films.