hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Strangle knot
The strangle knot is a simple binding knot. Similar to the constrictor knot, it also features an overhand knot under a riding turn. A visible difference is that the ends emerge at the outside edges, rather than between the turns as for a constrictor. This knot is a rearranged double overhand knot and makes up each half of the double fisherman's knot.

The strangle knot starts with a round turn and the end is stuck under two parts. It may be used to tie up a roll. It can only be tied around a cylindrical shape. If required, a loop may be stuck instead of the end, which makes a slipped knot that is one of the best for tying up sacks and meal bags. With one or two additional turns the strangle knot makes an excellent temporary whipping for the end of a rope.— The Ashley Book of Knots

Turn (knot)
A turn is one round of rope on a pin or cleat, or one round of a coil. Turns can be made around various objects, through rings, or around the standing part of the rope itself or another rope. A turn also denotes a component of a knot.

When the legs of a loop are brought together and crossed, the rope has taken a turn. One distinguishes between single turn, round turn, and two round turns depending on the number of revolutions around an object. The benefit of round turns is best understood from the capstan equation.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States)
The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are the set of default accounting standards used by companies based in the United States.

Published and maintained by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the Accounting Standards Codification outlines the specific and authoritative rules governing GAAP for non-governmental organisations. GAAP sources of law for government agencies and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registrants are found in federal securities law and SEC directions.

Since 2008, the FASB has published U.S. GAAP in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL).

Financial Accounting Standards Board
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is a private standard-setting body whose primary purpose is to establish and improve Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) within the United States in the public's interest. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) designated the FASB as the organization responsible for setting accounting standards for public companies in the U.S. The FASB replaced the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' (AICPA) Accounting Principles Board (APB) on July 1, 1973. The FASB is run by the nonprofit Financial Accounting Foundation.

FASB accounting standards are accepted as authoritative by many organizations, including state Boards of Accountancy and the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA).
Carmel Hamlet, New York
Carmel Hamlet, commonly known simply as Carmel, is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the Town of Carmel in Putnam County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,817.

The hamlet is the site of the historic County Court House (built 1814), the David D. Bruen County Office Building, and other structures, and borders Lake Gleneida. Next to the lake stands a bronze statue commemorating Sybil Ludington.

Carmel, New York
Carmel (pronounced /ˈkɑːrməl/) is a town in Putnam County, New York, United States.  As of the 2020 United States census, the town had a population of 33,576.

The Town of Carmel is on the southern border of Putnam County, abutting Westchester County, approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City and 10 miles (16 km) west of Danbury, Connecticut. It has no incorporated villages, although the hamlets of Carmel and Mahopac each have populations sizable enough to be considered villages.
Nigorobuna
Nigoro-buna, sometimes called round crucian carp, is a type of wild goldfish (Carassius auratus grandoculis) or related cyprinid (Carassius buergeri grandoculis) endemic to Japan. Its habitat is limited to Lake Biwa, its tributaries and distributaries, and irrigation canals, in the Shiga Prefecture (west-central Honshu), northeast of Kyoto.

The fish is of culinary importance locally in Shiga Prefecture, where it is used as an ingredient for funazushi, a type of narezushi. The fermented fish is closely packed with rice and salt in tubs.

Japanese white crucian carp
The Japanese white crucian carp, also known as Japanese carp, white crucian carp, or gengoro-buna  (Carassius cuvieri), is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae). It is found in Japan and, as an introduced species, in several other countries in Asia. This fish is closely related to the commonly known goldfish.
Indian Navy Swimmer Delivery Vehicle
The Indian Navy Swimmer Delivery Vehicle (SDV), also known as Special Operations Vessels (SOV) is a planned class of midget submarines for the Indian Navy. Under this programme the Indian Navy will acquire at least 5 midget submarines for use as Swimmer Delivery Vehicles. These submarines will be used for conducting underwater special operations by MARCOS.

In the initial phase, Indian Navy will acquire 2 midget submarines from an Indian shipyard which will be again followed by larger orders of at least 3 more similar submarines. The total order quantity may also reach 10 units.

Midget submarine
A midget submarine is any submarine under 150 tons, typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to six or nine, with little or no on-board living accommodation. They normally work with mother ships, from which they are launched and recovered and which provide living accommodation for the crew and support staff.

Both military and civilian midget submarines have been built. Military types work with surface ships and other submarines as mother ships. Civilian and non-combatant military types are generally called submersibles and normally work with surface ships. Most early submarines would now be considered midget submarines, such as the United States Navy's USS Holland (SS-1) and the British Royal Navy's HMS Holland 1 (both named for the same designer).
Schurman Retail Group
Schurman Retail Group is an American stationery, greeting card, gifts, and paper products company based in Fairfield, California. The company operates brands and retail stores under the names Papyrus, NIQUEA.D, and Paper Destiny. It also sells the American Greetings brand and manages its subsidiaries, including Carlton Cards (in Canada and the U.S.). Schurman Retail Group has over 450 retail stores across the United States and Canada and is currently the second-largest American specialty retailer in the greeting card industry.

Carlton Cards
Carlton Cards Limited (French: Cartes Carlton Limitée) is a greeting card company in Canada. Its lines of cards include Carlton, Gibson and Tender Thoughts. It also distributes the American Greetings line of cards in Canada. Since 2009, "Carlton Card Retail" has been owned by Schurman Retail Group, its wholesale division remaining with American Greetings; the stores closed in 2020. The closure does not impact the 6000 Canadian retail locations that sell Carlton Cards products.

Carlton Cards was founded by Hubert Harry Harshman in Toronto, Ontario, in 1920. By 1933, it became incorporated. In 1956, Carlton Cards was purchased by American Greetings. Little is known about Harshman, but he did file a patent for card display with United States Patent and Trademark Office in 1928.

In Montreal Central Station
Joe's Pond
Joe's Pond (formerly known as Nicholson's Pond) is a 4-hectare (9.9-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest that lies to the east of, and adjacent to, the Rainton Meadows nature reserve in Tyne and Wear, England.

Rainton Meadows
Rainton Meadows is a nature reserve just to the west of East Rainton, County Durham, north-east England.  The reserve, which covers 60 ha, and the adjacent Joe's Pond Site of Special Scientific Interest, are managed by Durham Wildlife Trust.
House of Thurn und Taxis
The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (German: Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis, [ˈtuːɐ̯n ʔʊnt ˈtaksɪs]) is a family of German nobility that is part of the Briefadel. It was a key player in the postal services in Europe during the 16th century, until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and became well known as the owner of breweries and commissioner of several castles. The family has resided in Regensburg since 1748 with their seat at St. Emmeram Castle from 1803. The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany, and the current head of the House is Albert, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis.

They are one of the mediatised Houses for their former Sovereign Imperial counties, later mediatised to Kingdom of Württemberg (Buchau Princely Abbey, now Bad Buchau), Kingdom of Bavaria and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

Saint Emmeram's Abbey
Saint Emmeram's Abbey (German: Kloster Sankt Emmeram or Reichsabtei Sankt Emmeram) was a Benedictine monastery founded around 739 at Regensburg in Bavaria (modern-day southeastern Germany) at the grave of the itinerant Frankish bishop Saint Emmeram. The original abbey church is now a parish church named St. Emmeram's Basilica. The other buildings on the site form a large complex known as Schloss Thurn und Taxis or Schloss St. Emmeram, which has served as the main residence of the Thurn und Taxis princely family since the early 19th century.
Shehnai
The shehnai (also spelled shenai) is a musical instrument from  South Asia. It is made of wood, with a double reed at one end and a metal or wooden flared bell at the other end. It was one of the nine instruments found in the royal court. The shehnai is similar to South India's nadaswaram.

Nadaswaram
The nadaswaram (Tamil:நாதஸ்வரம்) is a double reed wind instrument from Tamil Nadu. It is used as a traditional classical instrument in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

This instrument is "among the world's loudest non-brass acoustic instruments". It is a wind instrument partially similar to the North Indian shehnai, but much longer, with a hardwood body, and a large flaring bell made of wood or metal.

In South Indian culture, the nadasvaram is considered to be very auspicious, and it is a key musical instrument played in almost all Hindu weddings and temples of the South Indian tradition. It is part of the family of instruments known as mangala vadyam (lit. mangala "auspicious", vadya "instrument"). The instrument is usually played in pairs, and accompanied by a pair of drums called thavil; it can also be accompanied with a drone from a similar oboe, called the ottu.
Polysyndeton
Polysyndeton (from Ancient Greek πολύ poly 'many' and συνδετόν syndeton 'bound together with') is the deliberate insertion of  conjunctions into a sentence in order to slow the rhythm of the prose so as to produce an impressively solemn note.

In grammar, a polysyndetic coordination is a coordination in which all conjuncts are linked by coordinating conjunctions (usually and, but, or, nor in English).

Syndeton
Syndeton (from the Greek συνδετόν 'bound together with') or syndetic coordination in grammar is a form of syntactic coordination of the elements of a sentence (conjuncts) with the help of a coordinating conjunction.
For instance, in a simple syndeton, two conjuncts are joined by a conjunction: "I will have eggs and ham".

In syndetic coordination with more than two conjuncts, the conjunction is placed between the two last conjuncts: "I will need bread, cheese and ham". The serial comma is not usually used in front of the conjunction between the last two items in British English, while American English generally suggests a comma: "I will need bread, cheese, and ham".
Japanese submarine I-54 (1926)
I-54 (伊号第五四潜水艦, I-gō Dai-gojūyonsensuikan), later I-154 (伊号第五四潜水艦, I-gō Dai-Hyaku-gojūyon sensuikan), was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaidai-class cruiser submarine of the KD3A sub-class commissioned in 1927. During World War II, she conducted three war patrols, supporting Japanese forces during the invasion of Malaya in December 1941 and the  Dutch East Indies campaign in early 1942, then was assigned to training duties until she was decommissioned in 1944. She was scuttled in 1946.

Japanese submarine I-53 (1925)
I-53, later I-153 (伊号第五三潜水艦, I-gō Dai-Hyaku-gojūsan sensuikan), later I-153 , was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaidai-class cruiser submarine of the KD3A sub-class commissioned in 1927. During World War II, she supported Japanese forces during the invasion of British Malaya in December 1941 and the Dutch East Indies campaign in early 1942. She served as a training submarine until she was hulked in January 1944. She surrendered to the Allies at the end of the war in 1945. She was either scuttled in 1946 or scrapped in 1948.
Liga Nacional de Futbol Americano Masters
The Liga Nacional de Futbol Americano, Categoría Masters (LNF) was a semi-professional American football league in Mexico that played for seven seasons from 1990 to 1996.

The LNF, which successfully attracted many of Mexico's top college football players and coaches, marked a significant step towards professionalism in the country and directly influenced the foundation of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional in 2016. However, a sudden attempt to transition the LNF to fully professional in 1996 led to the demise of the league.

"Masters" category refers to senior or top-level competition, i.e. one level above college football, which is categorized as "Liga Mayor" (Major League).

Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional
The Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA; English: Professional American Football League) is a professional American football league in Mexico, founded in 2016. Starting with four teams, the LFA has since expanded to eleven members as of 2022. The regular season runs in the spring, from early March to late April. The championship game is called Tazón México (Mexico Bowl), and is currently played on the second Sunday in May. The players are drafted from the country's college football organization, ONEFA, and through international drafts, which mainly recruit American players.

LFA is the top level of professional American football in Mexico, having an alliance with the Canadian Football League (CFL).
Dickie Moore (ice hockey)
Richard Winston Moore (January 6, 1931 – December 19, 2015) was a Canadian professional hockey player, businessman and community philanthropist. He won the Art Ross Trophy twice as the National Hockey League's leading scorer and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Moore spent most of his career with the Montreal Canadiens and came out of retirement twice to play briefly with the Toronto Maple Leafs and St. Louis Blues. In 2017 he was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Art Ross Trophy
The Art Ross Trophy is awarded to the National Hockey League (NHL) player who leads the league in points at the end of the regular season. It was presented to the league by former player, general manager, and head coach Art Ross. The trophy has been awarded 70 times to 29 players since its introduction in the 1947–48 NHL season. Ross is also known for his design of the official NHL puck, with slightly bevelled edges for better control.

The current holder is Nikita Kucherov of the Tampa Bay Lightning.
Wyoming Highway 116
Wyoming Highway 116 (WYO 116) is a 60.97-mile-long (98.12 km) north–south state highway located in central Weston and southern Crook counties of the U.S. state of Wyoming. It travels from WYO 450 south of Upton north to U.S. Route 14 (US 14) in Sundance.

Crook County, Wyoming
Crook County is a county in the northeastern corner of the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 7,181, making it the third-least populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat and largest city is Sundance. The county is located at the northwestern extreme of the Black Hills, which are its defining geographical feature.
Columbia (electoral district)
Columbia was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903. It lasted until the 1928 election, when it was merged into Columbia-Revelstoke for the 1933 election. Following the election the new Pattullo government moved to re-establish Columbia as a separate riding, and former MLA Thomas King was elected by acclamation in a 1934 by-election.

In 1966 the riding was renamed Columbia River. This riding was later merged with the Revelstoke riding to become Columbia River-Revelstoke, the current riding for the western part of the area. The eastern part of the riding is now part of East Kootenay.

Columbia River (electoral district)
Columbia River was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1966 to 1986. The riding's predecessor, which was named Columbia, appeared on the hustings from 1903 to 1963. The successor riding in this region is the current Columbia River-Revelstoke riding.
Selkirkshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Selkirkshire was a Scottish county constituency represented in Great Britain and after 1801 the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1708 until 1868, when it was combined with Peeblesshire to form Peebles and Selkirk.

Peebles and Selkirk
Peebles and Selkirk was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) from 1868 to 1918. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.
Oyez Project
The Oyez Project is an unofficial online multimedia archive website for the Supreme Court of the United States. It was initiated by the Illinois Institute of Technology's Chicago-Kent College of Law and now also sponsored by Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute and Justia.

The website has emphasis on the court's audio of oral arguments. The website "aims to be a complete and authoritative source for all audio recorded in the Court since [...] October 1955." The website also includes biographical information of both incumbent and historical justices of the Court and advocates who have argued before the court. The project's name refers to the interjection, "Oyez", that is spoken by the Supreme Court Marshal at the beginning of each argument session. The website was founded by Jerry Goldman, a research professor of law at the Chicago-Kent College of Law at Illinois Institute of Technology.

Chicago-Kent College of Law
The Chicago-Kent College of Law is the law school of the Illinois Institute of Technology, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is the second oldest law school in the state of Illinois (after Northwestern Law).

Chicago-Kent was founded in 1888 by Justice Joseph M. Bailey. Today, it employs more than 140 faculty members and hosts more than 700 students in its Juris Doctor program, Master of Laws, and joint degree programs. The school is recognized for its three-year legal writing curriculum and offers J.D. concentrations in business law, criminal litigation, environmental and energy law, intellectual property, labor and employment, and privacy law.
Council of Defence
The Defence Council or the Council of Defense of the USSR (Russian: Совет обороны) was a high military advisory body which aided and assisted the Government of the Soviet Union and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the implementation of military policy by the Soviet Armed Forces. It operated between 1955 and 1991. At the end of its existence, it was known as the Defense Council under the President of the Soviet Union.

President of the Soviet Union
The president of the Soviet Union (Russian: Президент Советского Союза, romanized: Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza), officially the president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Президент Союза Советских Социалистических Республик), abbreviated as president of the USSR (Президент СССР), was the executive head of state of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 15 March 1990 to 25 December 1991.

Mikhail Gorbachev was the only person to occupy this office. Gorbachev was also General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between March 1985 and August 1991. He derived an increasingly large share of his power from his position as president through his resignation as General Secretary following the 1991 coup d'état attempt.
Canadian traveller problem
In computer science and graph theory, the Canadian traveller problem (CTP) is a generalization of the shortest path problem to graphs that are partially observable. In other words, a "traveller" on a given point on the graph cannot see the full graph, rather only adjacent nodes or a certain "realization restriction."

This optimization problem was introduced by Christos Papadimitriou and Mihalis Yannakakis in 1989 and a number of variants of the problem have been studied since. The name supposedly originates from conversations of the authors who learned of a difficulty Canadian drivers had: traveling a network of cities with snowfall randomly blocking roads. The stochastic version, where each edge is associated with a probability of independently being in the graph, has been given considerable attention in operations research under the name "the Stochastic Shortest Path Problem with Recourse" (SSPPR).

Shortest path problem
In graph theory, the shortest path problem is the problem of finding a path between two vertices (or nodes) in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized.

The problem of finding the shortest path between two intersections on a road map may be modeled as a special case of the shortest path problem in graphs, where the vertices correspond to intersections and the edges correspond to road segments, each weighted by the length or distance of each segment.
Quantum natural language processing
Quantum natural language processing (QNLP) is the application of quantum computing to natural language processing (NLP). It computes word embeddings as parameterised quantum circuits that can solve NLP tasks faster than any classical computer. It is inspired by categorical quantum mechanics and the DisCoCat framework, making use of string diagrams to translate from grammatical structure to quantum processes.

String diagram
In mathematics, string diagrams are a formal graphical language for representing morphisms in monoidal categories, or more generally 2-cells in 2-categories. They are a prominent tool in applied category theory. When interpreted in FinVect, the monoidal category of finite-dimensional vector spaces and linear maps with the tensor product, string diagrams are called tensor networks or Penrose graphical notation. This has led to the development of categorical quantum mechanics where the axioms of quantum theory are expressed in the language of monoidal categories.
Padded envelope
A padded envelope, also known as a padded or cushioned mailer, or jiffy bag in the United Kingdom, is an envelope incorporating protective padding to protect items during shipping. The padding is usually thick paper, bubble wrap, or foam.

Jiffy Packaging
Jiffy Packaging is a packaging manufacturer primarily based in Winsford, Cheshire, England. It is most famous for its Jiffy Padded Bags, whose name has become a byword for padded envelopes in British English.