hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TT pistol
The TT-30, commonly known simply as the TT or Tokarev, is a semi-automatic pistol  designed and produced in the Soviet Union. The TT was designed by Fedor Tokarev and served as the service pistol of the Soviet Armed Forces and Militsiya from 1931 to 1951.

The TT was developed in the late 1920s to replace the Nagant M1895 and based on the designs of John Moses Browning, with detail modifications to simplify production and maintenance. It saw service by Soviet forces in many conflicts during the 1930s and 1940s, including World War II. The TT was replaced by the Makarov pistol due to criticism over its size, weight, usability and lack of a safety. Production of the TT in the Soviet Union ceased in 1954, but derivatives continued to be manufactured for many years in China and Yugoslavia. It is one of the most-produced firearms in the world, with at least 1,700,000 manufactured, and continues to be in widespread active service by militaries and police forces.

Nagant M1895
The Nagant M1895 is a seven-shot, gas-seal revolver designed and produced by Belgian industrialist Léon Nagant for the Russian Empire.

The Nagant M1895 was chambered for a proprietary cartridge, 7.62×38mmR, and features a gas-seal system, in which the cylinder moves forward when the gun is cocked, to close the gap between the cylinder and the barrel, providing a boost to the muzzle velocity of the bullet and allowing the weapon to be suppressed. Its design would inspire the Pieper M1893 carbine and Steyr 1893 revolver.
Nordli Municipality
Nordli is a former municipality in the old Nord-Trøndelag county in Norway. The 1,538-square-kilometre (594 sq mi) municipality existed from 1915 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now the northern part of Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre for the municipality was the village of Sandvika where the Nordli Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 1,538-square-kilometre (594 sq mi) municipality was the 41th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Nordli Municipality was the 585th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,180. The municipality's population density was 0.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.1/sq mi) and its population had increased by 11% over the previous 10-year period.

Lierne Municipality
Lierne is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, and it is the largest municipality by area in Trøndelag. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sandvika. Other villages include Inderdal, Mebygda, and Tunnsjø senter. The municipality borders Sweden to the south and east. Most of Lierne Municipality lies on the Swedish side of the drainage divide between Norway and Sweden.

The 2,962-square-kilometre (1,144 sq mi) municipality is the 16th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lierne Municipality is the 314th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,301. The municipality's population density is 0.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Hengchun
Hengchun is a township located on the southern tip of the Hengchun Peninsula in Pingtung County, Taiwan. It is the southernmost township in Taiwan. Hengchun is also the only urban township in the southern part of Pingtung County. Hengchun has a land area of 136.76 km2 (52.80 sq mi) and has a population of 29,702 as of February 2024.

The city of Hengchun is the entryway to Kenting National Park, the southernmost National Park in the country.  With pristine beaches and a vibrant tourist industry, the Hengchun area often attracts more travelers than local residents. The city itself was once completely surrounded by a city wall; now about half of the wall remains intact, as well as the four city gates. On weekends, the streets of nearby Kenting are filled with cars and tour buses.

The 2008 Taiwanese film Cape No. 7, the top-grossing film in Taiwan's film history, features Hengchun.

Hengchun Old City Wall
Hengchun Old City Wall (traditional Chinese: 恆春縣城; simplified Chinese: 恒春县城; pinyin: Héngchūn Xiànchéng) refers to the historic castle town of Hengchun, Pingtung, Taiwan. The town is known for its well-preserved city walls that surround the city, and is the only castle town in Taiwan where all of the original gates remain standing. It is protected as a national historical site.
East Liberty (Pittsburgh)
East Liberty is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's East End. It is bordered by Highland Park, Morningside, Stanton Heights, Garfield, Friendship, Shadyside and Larimer, and falls largely within Pittsburgh City Council District 9, with a few areas in District 8. One of the most notable features in the East Liberty skyline is the East Liberty Presbyterian Church, which is an area landmark.

Garfield (Pittsburgh)
Garfield is a neighborhood in the East End of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Garfield is bordered on the South by Bloomfield and Friendship (at Penn Avenue), on the West by the Allegheny Cemetery (at Mathilda Street), on the North by Stanton Heights (at Mossfield Street), and on the East by East Liberty (at Negley Avenue). Like many parts of Pittsburgh, Garfield is a fairly steep neighborhood, with north-south residential streets running at about a 20% incline from Penn Avenue at the bottom to Mossfield Street at the top. Garfield is divided into “the valley” and “the hilltop.”

Garfield is part of District 9 on the Pittsburgh City Council, and is currently represented by Khari Mosley.
Filip Ivanović (politician)
Filip Ivanović FRHistS (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Ивановић; born 6 January 1986) is a Montenegrin philosopher, university professor, and politician, who served as minister of foreign affairs of Montenegro from October 2023 to July 2024. Currently he holds the position of Deputy Prime Minister for Foreign and European Affairs in the Government of Montenegro.

He is a research associate at the University of Montenegro and a presidency member of Europe Now Movement (PES).

Europe Now!
The Europe Now Movement (Montenegrin and Serbian: Pokret Evropa sad! / Покрет Европа сад!, PES!), sometimes stylised with an exclamation mark, is a centrist political organization in Montenegro, founded in June 2022 by the former Ministers of Finance and the Economy, Milojko Spajić and Jakov Milatović, respectively. It describes itself as an economy-focused and anti-corruption movement, that is economically liberal.
Rev limiter
A rev limiter is a device fitted in modern vehicles that have internal combustion engines. They are intended to protect an engine by restricting its maximum rotational speed, measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).
Rev limiters are pre-set by the engine manufacturer. There are also aftermarket units where a separate controller is installed using a custom rpm setting. A limiter prevents a vehicle's engine from being pushed beyond the manufacturer's limit, known as the redline (literally the red line marked on the tachometer). At some point beyond the redline, engine damage may occur.

Redline
The redline is the maximum engine speed at which an internal combustion engine or traction motor and its components are designed to operate without causing damage to the components themselves or other parts of the engine. The redline of an engine depends on various factors such as stroke, mass of the components, displacement, composition of components, and balance of components.

Redlining is riding or driving an automotive vehicle above the redline. The actual term redline comes from the red bars that are displayed on tachometers in cars starting at the rpm that denotes the redline for the specific engine. Straying into this area usually does not mean instant engine failure, but may increase the chances of damaging the engine.
MTV (Philippines, 1992–2010)
MTV Philippines was a 24-hour music and entertainment television channel owned and operated by All Youth Channels, Inc., through a partnership with MTV Networks Asia Pacific that was broadcast from New Year's Day 2001 to February 16, 2010.

Prior to third and final incarnation, MTV Philippines was a corporate venture between MTV Networks Asia Pacific (which provided much of the broadcast content) and Nation Broadcasting Corporation, which provided the infrastructure.

MTV Philippines' facilities were located at the Citibank Center (now BDO Towers Valero) in Makati, The Richmonde Hotel in Ortigas Center, Pasig, The Fort in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, and Silver City in Frontera Verde (now Ortigas East), Pasig.

Nation Broadcasting Corporation
Nation Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) is a Philippine radio and television broadcast company established in 1963. As of December 2013, NBC is a subsidiary of MediaQuest Holdings, Inc. under the PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund. NBC's radio and television stations are operated by sister network TV5 Network, Inc.; its corporate offices and studios are shared with the latter at the TV5 Media Center, Reliance cor. Sheridan Sts., Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines.
Jeremy Barnes (musician)
Jeremy Barnes (born September 18, 1976) is an American musician. He plays accordion, percussion and other instruments. He has been a member of the bands Neutral Milk Hotel, Bablicon, Beirut, and A Hawk and a Hacksaw, and is a co-creator of the record label L.M. Duplication. Influences on his work include music from Eastern Europe, Turkey, and the Caucasus.

A Hawk and a Hacksaw
A Hawk and a Hacksaw is an American folk duo from Albuquerque, New Mexico, currently signed to L.M. Duplication. The band consists of accordionist Jeremy Barnes, who was previously the drummer for Neutral Milk Hotel and Bablicon, and violinist Heather Trost. The music is inspired by Eastern European, Turkish and Balkan traditions, and is mostly instrumental. They have released six albums and have toured internationally. The first four albums and an EP were released on The Leaf Label and afterwards on their own label L. M. Duplication.
Dua's layer
Dua's layer, according to a 2013 paper by Harminder Singh Dua's group at the University of Nottingham, is a layer of the cornea that had not been detected previously.  It is hypothetically 15 micrometres (0.59 mils) thick, the fourth caudal layer, and located between the corneal stroma and Descemet's membrane. Despite its thinness, the layer is very strong and impervious to air. It is strong enough to withstand up to 2 bars (200 kPa) of pressure. While some scientists welcomed the announcement, other scientists cautioned that time was needed for other researchers to confirm the discovery and its significance. Others have met the claim "with incredulity".

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
Jin Midi
Jin Midi (134 BC – 29 September 86 BC, Chinese: 金日磾; pinyin: Jīn Mìdī, courtesy name Wengshu (翁叔), formally Marquess Jing of Du (秺敬侯)), was a Xiongnu Xiutu prince and a general of the Western Han dynasty. He was referred to as a non-Han "barbarian", either with the term Hu or Yidi. He was originally from the Xiutu Kingdom in central Gansu and served as co-regent early in the reign of the Emperor Zhao of Han. He was given the family name "Jin" ("Gold") by Emperor Wu of Han because he worshipped the golden statue of the Xiongnu which Huo Qubing captured in his military campaigns.

Emperor Zhao of Han
Emperor Zhao of Han (Chinese: 漢昭帝; 94 – 5 June 74 BC), born Liu Fuling (劉弗陵), was the eighth emperor of the Han dynasty from 87 to 74 BC. Emperor Zhao was the youngest son of Emperor Wu.

By the time he was born, Emperor Wu was already 62. Prince Fuling ascended the throne after the death of Emperor Wu in 87 BC. He was only eight years old (by East Asian reckoning). Huo Guang served as regent.

Emperor Wu's long reign left the Han dynasty greatly expanded; however constant warfare had depleted the empire's coffers. Emperor Zhao, under the tutelage of Huo, took the initiative and lowered taxes as well as reducing government spending. As a result, citizens prospered and the Han dynasty enjoyed an era of peace. Emperor Zhao died after reigning for 13 years, at the age of 20. He was succeeded by Liu He, Prince of Changyi.
Reticuline
Reticuline is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid. It is also classified as a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. It is produced in the opium poppy from the amino acid tyrosine, initially as (S)-reticuline, which is a precursor to alkaloids including papaverine and stylopine. Another large group of alkaloids including morphine are made after (S)-reticuline has been converted in the poppy to its enantiomer, (R)-reticuline.

Papaverine
Papaverine (Latin papaver, "poppy") is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasms and vasospasms (especially those involving the intestines, heart, or brain), occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and acute mesenteric ischemia. While it is found in the opium poppy, papaverine differs in both structure and pharmacological action from the analgesic morphine and its derivatives (such as codeine).

In addition to opium, papaverine is purported to be present in high concentrations in star gooseberry.
Jay Westerveld
Jay Westerveld (frequently misspelled Westervelt and Westerveldt) is a researcher of habitats associated with endangered species including the clam shrimp, bog turtle,  Atlantic Coast leopard frog and the Eastern cricket frog. Westerveld coined the term "greenwashing".

Greenwashing
Greenwashing (a compound word modeled on "Whitewashing"), also called green sheen, is a form of advertising or marketing spin that deceptively uses green PR and green marketing to persuade the public that an organization's products, goals, or policies are environmentally friendly. Companies that intentionally adopt greenwashing communication strategies often do so to distance themselves from their environmental lapses or those of their suppliers. Firms engage in greenwashing for two primary reasons: to appear legitimate and to project an image of environmental responsibility to the wider public. Since there is no harmonized and international definition of greenwashing, its determination in a given instance can be a subjective challenge for consumers and regulatory bodies.
George E. Shambaugh Jr.
George Elmer Shambaugh Jr. (29 June 1903 – 7 February 1999) was an American otolaryngologist, an expert in diseases of and defects in the inner ear, and a pioneer in surgical and chemical treatments for deafness. George was the first physician to use an operating microscope in delicate ear surgery.

An expert in his field, he published more than 400 articles in medical journals, edited the Archives of Otolaryngology for 10 years, and wrote the textbook Surgery of the Ear (1959), which remains in print. His medical career spanned 70 years: he continued to see patients until a week before his death.
He had two children in his first marriage to Marietta Moss, Dr. George E. Shambaugh III and Susan Shambaugh, which ended in divorce. His second wife was Genevieve Krum and they raised David Shambaugh. He is survived by two children and ten grandchildren.

David Shambaugh
David Leigh Shambaugh (born January 18, 1953) is an American  political scientist, Sinologist and policy advisor. He currently serves as the Gaston Sigur Professor of Asian Studies, Political Science, and International Affairs at George Washington University, where he is also the director of the China Policy Program at GW’s Elliott School of International Affairs. He is also a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution (2024—). He was previously a non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution. Shambaugh served in the Department of State, and on the White House National Security Council staff during the presidency of Jimmy Carter. As an author, Shambaugh has authored 12 and edited 21 books, and over 200 scholarly articles and newspaper op-eds.
Bhajarangi
Bhajarangi is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language fantasy action film directed by A. Harsha, who co-wrote the script with Nanda Kishore and Shakthi. The film stars Shiva Rajkumar, Aindrita Ray, Madhu Guruswamy, Rukmini Vijayakumar and Saurav Lokesh. The music was composed by Arjun Janya, while cinematography and editing were handled by Swamy. J. Gowda and Deepu. S. Kumar

Bhajarangi was released on 12 December 2013 to positive reviews from critics and became a box office success. A sequel titled Bhajarangi 2 was released on 29 October 2021.

Bhajarangi 2
Bhajarangi 2 is a 2021 Indian Kannada-language fantasy action film written and directed by A. Harsha, and produced by Jayanna-Bogendra under the banner of Jayanna Combines. It stars Shiva Rajkumar in a dual role, alongside Shruthi, Bhavana and Cheluvaraj in the lead roles, while Kuri Prathap, Dusyanth Rai, Saurav Lokesh, and Prakash Thuminad appears in other supporting roles. Despite the title, the film is not a sequel to the 2013 film Bhajarangi and is a namesake sequel.

The film was released theatrically on 29 October 2021 and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics.
Turkey Day Classic
The Turkey Day Classic is a college football game, traditionally held annually on Thanksgiving Day. Originally, it was played between Alabama State University and Tuskegee University, two historically black universities. The game was originally played in Montgomery, Alabama's  Cramton Bowl, but relocated to ASU Stadium in 2012. The game is one of two black college football classics to be associated with Thanksgiving weekend; the other is the younger, but more widely known, Bayou Classic, held two days later.

The game fell into a category of classics that feature two rival teams playing each year. The activities surrounding the game take place over several weeks in the downtown of Montgomery, and include parades, parties, and the like. Many classics feature activities and events like golfing, pageants, and tailgating.

Bayou Classic
The Bayou Classic is an annual college football classic rivalry game between the Grambling State University Tigers and the Southern University Jaguars, first held under that name in 1974 at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, although the series itself actually began in 1932. A trophy is awarded to the winning school.
Mobile Application Part
The Mobile Application Part (MAP) is an SS7 protocol that provides an application layer for the various nodes in GSM and UMTS mobile core networks and GPRS core networks to communicate with each other in order to provide services to users. The Mobile Application Part is the application-layer protocol used to access the Home Location Register, Visitor Location Register, Mobile Switching Center, Equipment Identity Register, Authentication Centre, Short message service center and Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN).

Network switching subsystem
Network switching subsystem  (NSS) (or GSM core network) is the component of a GSM system that carries out call out and mobility management functions for mobile phones roaming on the network of base stations. It is owned and deployed by mobile phone operators and allows mobile devices to communicate with each other and telephones in the wider public switched telephone network (PSTN). The architecture contains specific features and functions which are needed because the phones are not fixed in one location.

The NSS originally consisted of the circuit-switched core network, used for traditional GSM services such as voice calls, SMS, and circuit switched data calls. It was extended with an overlay architecture to provide packet-switched data services known as the GPRS core network. This allows GSM mobile phones to have access to services such as WAP, MMS and the Internet.
Oceanic Shoals Marine Park
The Oceanic Shoals Marine Park (formerly known as the Oceanic Shoals Commonwealth Marine Reserve) is an Australian marine park offshore of the Northern Territory, near of Darwin. The marine park covers an area of 71,743 km2 (27,700 sq mi) and is assigned IUCN category VI. It is the largest of the 8 parks managed under the North Marine Parks Network.

Australian marine parks
Australian marine parks (formerly Commonwealth marine reserves) are marine protected areas located within Australian waters and are managed by the Australian government. These waters generally extend from three nautical miles off the coast to the outer limit of Australia’s Exclusive Economic Zone at 200 nautical miles while marine protected areas located closer in-shore are the responsibility of the states or the Northern Territory.
Gob (band)
Gob is a Canadian punk rock band from Langley, British Columbia, formed in 1993. The band consists of Tom Thacker, Theo Goutzinakis, Gabe Mantle, and Steven Fairweather. They were nominated for a Juno Award for best new group in 2000, and received another Juno nomination for best video in 2002. Gob's most successful album is World According to Gob. Their best-selling songs to date are "I Hear You Calling", "Soda", and "Banshee Song". They have been featured in movies, TV shows, and many sporting video games such as NHL 2002, NHL 2003, NHL 2004, and Madden NFL 2004 with songs such as "Oh! Ellin", "I've Been Up These Steps", "Sick With You" (both re-mixed for the game), "I Hear You Calling", and "Give Up the Grudge". The band has appeared at several music festivals, the most well-known being the Vans Warped Tour.

The World According to Gob
The World According To Gob  is the third studio album by Canadian punk rock band Gob, and was released in Canada on October 10, 2000. It includes the singles "I Hear You Calling", "For The Moment", "No Regrets" and radio only single "That's The Way".  The album was certified gold in Canada on May 2, 2002. "I Hear You Calling" was re-recorded for the band's next album Foot in Mouth Disease which was released three years later.
IFlytek
iFlytek (Chinese: 科大讯飞; pinyin: Kēdà Xùnfēi), styled as iFLYTEK, is a partially state-owned Chinese information technology company established in 1999. It creates voice recognition software and 10+ voice-based internet/mobile products covering education, communication, music, intelligent toys industries. State-owned enterprise China Mobile is the company's largest shareholder. The company is listed in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and it is backed by several state-owned investment funds.

The company was spun off from University of Science and Technology of China.: 128  The city of Hefei is a major investor in iFlytek.: 128  The company has faced accusations from human rights groups and the United States government of involvement in mass surveillance.

Mass surveillance in China
Mass surveillance in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the network of monitoring systems used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chinese government to monitor Chinese citizens. China maintains the largest and most sophisticated mass surveillance system in the world. It is primarily conducted through the government, although corporate surveillance in connection with the CCP and Chinese government also has been reported. China monitors its citizens through Internet surveillance, camera surveillance, and through other digital technologies. The surveillance has become increasingly widespread and grown in sophistication under General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping's administration.