hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alice Kyteler
Dame Alice Kyteler (/ˈkɪtlər/; c. 1260 – after 1324) was the first recorded person condemned for witchcraft in Ireland. She is believed to have fled the country to either England or Flanders, but there is no record of her after her escape from persecution. Her associate Petronilla de Meath (de Midia, meaning of Meath, her first name also spelt Petronella) was flogged and burned to death at the stake on 3 November 1324, after being tortured and confessing to the heretical crimes she, Kyteler, and Kyteler's followers were alleged to have committed.

Petronilla de Meath
Petronilla de Midia (of Meath) (c. 1300 - 1324) was an alleged follower of Dame Alice Kyteler, a  wealthy woman of Flemish ancestry who lived in the English colony of Ireland in what is now County Kilkenny. After the death of Kyteler's fourth husband, Kyteler was accused of practicing witchcraft and Petronilla was charged with being one of her accomplices. Petronilla was tortured and forced to proclaim that she and Kyteler were guilty of witchcraft. Kyteler fled to save her life, and Petronilla was then flogged and eventually burnt at the stake on 3 November 1324 in Kilkenny. Hers was the first known case in Ireland or British Isles of death by fire for the crime of heresy.
China Rich Girlfriend
China Rich Girlfriend is a 2015 satirical romantic comedy novel by Kevin Kwan. It is the sequel to Crazy Rich Asians, a novel about the wealthy Singapore elite. Kwan was urged to write the sequel by his publishers after the initial success of Crazy Rich Asians. The title refers to a line in the novel in which Nick's mother, Eleanor, exclaims over the wealth of the "China rich" who are billionaires, "These people aren't just everyday rich with a few hundred million.  They are China rich!" The novel was followed by a third and final sequel, Rich People Problems, in 2017.

Rich People Problems
Rich People Problems is a 2017 satirical romantic comedy novel by Kevin Kwan. It is the third and final novel in Kwan's "Crazy Rich..." trilogy that looks at the rich and powerful families of Singapore. The plot revolves around the three clans descending upon Shang Su Yi's deathbed to attempt to be included in her will, as she is allegedly extremely wealthy. The novel was preceded by the bestsellers Crazy Rich Asians in 2013 and China Rich Girlfriend in 2015. Two follow-ups to the Crazy Rich Asians film are in development, based on China Rich Girlfriend and Rich People Problems.
American Football in Israel (organization)
American Football in Israel (AFI) is the governing body of all American football activities in Israel, including the Israel Football League and various flag football leagues, and is a member of the International Federation of American Football.

Israel Football League
The Israel Football League (IFL; Hebrew: ליגת הפוטבול הישראלית), also known as the Kraft Family Israel Football League for sponsorship reasons with the Kraft Family, is an amateur gridiron football league consisting of eight teams. The IFL is the highest level of American football in Israel and each season culminates in the Israel Bowl. The Ramat HaSharon Hammers are the reigning Israel Bowl champions, having defeated the Jerusalem Lions in Israel Bowl XVIII, marking the Hammers’ 2nd Israbowl win in franchise history.
Quercus hemisphaerica
Quercus hemisphaerica (sand laurel oak, laurel oak, Darlington oak, laurel-leaf oak) is a species of oak native to the southeastern and south-central United States. It is in the red oak section of Quercus sect. Lobatae. It is often confused with and closely related to Quercus laurifolia (swamp laurel oak), from which it differs in several key characteristics.

Quercus laurifolia
Quercus laurifolia (swamp laurel oak, diamond-leaf oak, water oak, obtusa oak, laurel oak) is a medium-sized semi-evergreen oak in the red oak section Quercus sect. Lobatae. It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States.
Anne Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier
Anne Bourchier (1517 – 28 January 1571) was the suo jure 7th Baroness Bourchier, suo jure Lady Lovayne, and Baroness Parr of Kendal. She was the first wife of William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, and the sister-in-law of Katherine Parr, the sixth wife of Henry VIII of England.

She created a scandal in 1541 when she deserted her husband to elope with her lover, John Lyngfield (John Hunt or Huntley), the prior of St. James's Church, Tanbridge, Surrey, by whom she would have several illegitimate children. In 1543, Lord Parr obtained an act of Parliament, Lady Parr's Children Illegitimacy Act 1542 (34 & 35 Hen. 8. c. 43 Pr.), repudiating Anne and nullifying their marriage.

William Parr, Marquess of Northampton
William Parr, Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, 1st Baron Parr, 1st Baron Hart KG (14 August 1513 – 28 October 1571), was the only brother of Queen Katherine Parr, the sixth and final wife of King Henry VIII. He was a "sincere, plain, direct man, not crafty nor involved", whose "delight was music and poetry and his exercise war" who co-authored a treatise on hare coursing. He was in favour with Henry VIII and his son Edward VI, under whom he was the leader of the Protestant party, but having supported the desire of the latter to be succeeded by the Protestant Lady Jane Grey, was attainted by Edward's Catholic half-sister, Queen Mary I. He was restored by her Protestant half-sister, Queen Elizabeth I.
Jaysh al-Ababil
The Jaysh al-Ababil (Arabic: جيش الأبابيل) was a rebel group active during the Syrian Civil War. It joined the Southern Front on 14 February 2014. The group was active in the Damascus Governorate. This group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Saif al-Sham Brigade, Jaydour Horan Brigade, Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Ahrar Gathering and others.

Al-Ahrar Gathering
Al-Ahrar Gathering was a Free Syrian Army faction based in Quneitra Governorate. This group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Saif al-Sham Brigade, Jaydour Horan Brigade, Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Jaysh al-Ababil and others.
Teres major muscle
The teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb. It attaches to the scapula and the humerus and is one of the seven scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle.

The teres major muscle (from Latin teres, meaning "rounded") is positioned above the latissimus dorsi muscle and assists in the extension and medial rotation of the humerus. This muscle is commonly confused as a rotator cuff muscle, but it is not, because it does not attach to the capsule of the shoulder joint, unlike the teres minor muscle, for example.

Teres minor muscle
The teres minor (Latin teres meaning 'rounded') is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. The muscle originates from the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the corresponding right or left scapula and inserts at both the greater tubercle of the humerus and the posterior surface of the joint capsule.

The primary function of the teres minor is to modulate the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward as the arm is abducted. It also functions to rotate the humerus laterally. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve.
Babel function
In signal processing and mathematics, the Babel function, also known as cumulative coherence function (CCF), measures the maximum combined similarity between one fixed building block (called an atom) and a group of other building blocks within a collection (called a dictionary).

Introduced by Joel Tropp as an extension of mutual coherence—which compares similarity between pairs of dictionary columns—the Babel function broadens this idea to assess how one column relates to multiple others at once, making it a key tool for analyzing sparse representations of signals. It applies to scenarios where signals can be efficiently described using a redundant dictionary matrix, a set of overlapping components used in areas like audio processing and data compression.

Mutual coherence (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, mutual coherence (or simply coherence) measures the maximum similarity between any two columns of a matrix, defined as the largest absolute value of their cross-correlations. First explored by David Donoho and Xiaoming Huo in the late 1990s for pairs of orthogonal bases, it was later expanded by Donoho and Michael Elad in the early 2000s to study sparse representations—where signals are built from a few key components in a larger set.

In signal processing, mutual coherence is widely used to assess how well algorithms like matching pursuit and basis pursuit can recover a signal’s sparse representation from a collection with extra building blocks, known as an overcomplete dictionary.

Joel Tropp extended this idea with the Babel function, which applies coherence from one column to a group, equaling mutual coherence for two columns while broadening its use for larger sets with any number of columns.
Harwood Heights, Illinois
Harwood Heights is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,065 at the 2020 census. Harwood Heights and its neighbor Norridge form an enclave surrounded by the city of Chicago.

Norridge, Illinois
Norridge is a village in Norwood Park Township, Cook County, Illinois, United States. The village and its neighbor to the east, Harwood Heights, together form an enclave within the city of Chicago. Norridge is sometimes referred to as the "Island Within a City". As of the 2020 census, Norridge had a population of 15,251. The area that would eventually become Norridge was settled by farmers in 1830. The first names of what would become Norridge were "Goat Village", due to a local resident's goat farm, and "Swamp" due to a lack of streets and the area's swamp-like conditions. Norridge's early borders were Ozanam Ave, Olcott Avenue, Irving Park Road, and Montrose Avenue. In 1948, a local improvement association incorporated Norridge as a village, stymieing an effort by Chicago to annex the area.
209 series
The 209 series (209系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in the Tokyo area of Japan since 1993.

The series was introduced in 1992 for experimental operations (as the 901 series) and in 1993 for commercial operations to replace the aging 103 series stock on the Keihin–Tōhoku and Negishi lines. The concept of the 209 series was to create a lower-cost, limited lifespan train (approximately 15 years) that would be replaced rather than rebuilt when they reached the end of their operational lives.

The 209 series was the first of the "new series trains" (新系列電車, Shin-keiretsu densha), and served as the basis for the E501, E217, 701, and E127 series rolling stock, as well as the succeeding E231 series stock, which in turn became the blueprint for successive trains developed by JR East and other railway companies in Japan.

103 series
The 103 series (103系, 103-kei) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type introduced in 1963 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). They were also operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).

Some former JR East sets were also sold for second hand use in Indonesia, where they operated on the KRL Jabodetabek system in Jakarta between 2004 and 2016.
BCMP network
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a BCMP network is a class of queueing network for which a product-form equilibrium distribution exists. It is named after the authors of the paper where the network was first described: Baskett, Chandy, Muntz, and Palacios. The theorem is a significant extension to a Jackson network allowing virtually arbitrary customer routing and service time distributions, subject to particular service disciplines.

The paper is well known, and the theorem was described in 1990 as "one of the seminal achievements in queueing theory in the last 20 years" by J. Michael Harrison and Ruth J. Williams.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Connétable (Jersey and Guernsey)
Connétables or constables (Jèrriais: Connétabl'ye) are the civic heads of the twelve parishes of Jersey and ten parishes of Guernsey. The Connétable is grounded in Norman customary law. The structure, powers and responsibilities of the role differ between the islands, reflecting their different political histories.

Parishes of Jersey
The parishes of Jersey (Jerriais: Les pâraisses dé Jèrri) are the civil and religious administrative districts of Jersey in the Channel Islands. There are twelve in total; all have access to the sea and share a name with their ancient parish churches.

The parishes and the roles within their structures are ancient; some of the parishes perhaps date to the fifth century AD. They are governed by principles and customs that form part of the Norman customary law from which Jersey law originates. As such, many of the parish roles and structures have often been ill-defined. The main role of the modern parish is similar to local government structures in other countries, with the parishes having powers over waste collection, law enforcement and roads maintenance. These responsibilities are mostly shared with the States.: 24
St. Louis Hotel
The St. Louis Hotel was built in 1838 at the corner of St. Louis and Chartres Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Originally it was referred to as the City Exchange Hotel. Along with the St. Charles Hotel, the St. Louis has been described as the place where the history of New Orleans happened. The St. Louis "flourished at high tide" until the American Civil War, served as the de facto Louisiana state capital during Reconstruction, and then fell into a long slow decline until it was demolished around 1914.

The St. Louis Hotel is mostly remembered today for the slave sales that took place under the building's rotunda on an almost daily basis for over 20 years. A hotel exists in the same place today but with a different name, the Omni Royal Orleans.

St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans
The St. Charles Hotel was a hotel on St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans, Louisiana. One of the first of the great hotels of the United States, the original Grecian palace-style building, opened in 1837 and originally designed by James Dakin and James Gallier, has been described by author Richard Campanella as "one of the most splendid structures in the nation and a landmark of the New Orleans skyline". It was some time before it found a rival in the Astor House, of New York City. It was said that the hotel's Parlor P had probably witnessed more important political events than any room or any building in the country, outside of the Capitol at Washington, D.C. During the Civil War, Union General Benjamin Butler seized the hotel to use for his headquarters after the city surrendered.  The third incarnation of the hotel was finally demolished in 1974.
Fist of Fury 1991
Fist of Fury 1991 (新精武門1991) is a 1991 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Cho Chung-sing and starring Stephen Chow in the lead role. Aside from a few parodied scenes, including the dojo fight in which a Japanese man is forced to eat the sign, the film bears no other similarities to the Bruce Lee film Fist of Fury apart from its title. A sequel, Fist of Fury 1991 II, directed by Cho Chung-sing and Corey Yuen, was released the following year.

The opening scene parodies the opening scene in All for the Winner, with the main character (played by Chow in both films) having recently arrived in Hong Kong, encountering the same policeman, and using his special power on a vending machine. The film calls attention to this fact by referring to his character Lau Ching as the "Saint of Gamblers" and having Chow cameo as his other character.

Fist of Fury 1991 II
Fist of Fury 1991 II (漫畫威龍) is a 1992 Hong Kong comedy film co-directed by Cho Chung-sing and Corey Yuen and starring Stephen Chow in the lead role. It is a sequel to the film Fist of Fury 1991 and likewise parodies Hong Kong martial arts films, including Chow appearing in a yellow tracksuit similar to the one worn by Bruce Lee in the 1973 film Enter the Dragon. Josephine Siao stars as Peony, a masked hero named after a flower parodying Black Rose, a popular character in Hong Kong films directed by Chor Yuen in the 1960s.
1920s Berlin
The Golden Twenties was a particular vibrant period in the history of Berlin. After the Greater Berlin Act, the city became the third largest municipality in the world and experienced its heyday as a major world city. It was known for its leadership roles in science, the humanities, art, music, film, architecture, higher education, government, diplomacy and industries.

Greater Berlin Act
The Greater Berlin Act (German: Groß-Berlin-Gesetz), officially Law Regarding the Creation of the New Municipality of Berlin (German: Gesetz über die Bildung einer neuen Stadtgemeinde Berlin), was a law passed by the Prussian state government in 1920, which greatly expanded the size of the Prussian and German capital of Berlin.
Dónal Lunny
Dónal Lunny (born 10 March 1947) is an Irish folk musician and producer. He plays guitar and bouzouki, as well as keyboards and bodhrán. As a founding member of popular bands Planxty, The Bothy Band, Moving Hearts, Coolfin, Mozaik, LAPD, and Usher's Island, he has been at the forefront of the renaissance of Irish traditional music for over five decades. In 2025 he was the recipient of the RTÉ Radio 1 Folk Awards Lifetime Achievement Award.

Usher's Island (band)
Usher's Island is an Irish folk band featuring Andy Irvine, Dónal Lunny, Paddy Glackin, Michael McGoldrick and John Doyle. Their repertoire consists of Irish traditional songs and tunes (reels, jigs, slip jigs, hornpipes), as well as songs written by Irvine and Doyle, respectively.
John William Elliott Maikai
Major John William Elliott Maikai (c. 1828 – May 27, 1860) was a lawyer, politician, and military officer of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as an aide to King Kamehameha III and was the Akukana Kenela or Adjutant General of the Hawaiian Army during the reigns of King Kamehameha III and Kamehameha IV.

Kamehameha IV
Kamehameha IV (Alekanetero ʻIolani Kalanikualiholiho Maka o ʻIouli Kūnuiākea o Kūkāʻilimoku; anglicized as Alexander Liholiho) (February 9, 1834 – November 30, 1863), reigned as the fourth monarch of Hawaii under the title Ke Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina of the Kingdom of Hawaii from January 11, 1855, to November 30, 1863.
Carrion crow
The carrion crow (Corvus corone) is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae, native to western Europe and the eastern Palearctic. Along with the hooded crow (Corvus cornix), the carrion crow occupies a similar ecological niche in Eurasia to the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in North America. The two species look very similar to one another, but can be differentiated by size, as the carrion crow is larger and of a stockier build compared to the American crow.

Hooded crow
The hooded crow (formerly Corvus cornix) also colloquially called just hoodie, is a former Eurasian bird species in the genus Corvus. Widely distributed, it is found across Northern, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, as well as parts of the Middle East. It is an ashy grey bird with black head, throat, wings, tail, and thigh feathers, as well as a black bill, eyes, and feet. Like other corvids, it is an omnivorous and opportunistic forager and feeder.

In 2002, the hooded crow was separated from the carrion crow (Corvus corone) and classified as its own species by the British Ornithologist's Union.  However, in 2025, the newly globalised AviBase, re-classified the hooded and carrion crow as the same species, the carrion crow (Corvus corone). Under this lumper taxonomy, the carrion crow has six subspecies, as four are subspecies of the hooded crow and two are subspecies of Corvus corone sensu stricto.
FK Spartak Subotica
Fudbalski klub Spartak Ždrepčeva Krv (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Спартак Ждрепчева Крв) is a professional football club from Subotica, Serbia, that plays in the Serbian SuperLiga.

The club was founded in 1945 and was named after Jovan Mikić Spartak, the leader of the Partisans in Subotica, who was a national hero and was killed in 1944.

After the end of the 2007–08 Serbian League Vojvodina, the club merged with Zlatibor Voda which won promotion to the Serbian First League thus gaining the name Spartak Zlatibor Voda. In 2013, the board decided to return to the original name of the club.

FK Horgoš
FK Horgoš (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Хоргош) is a defunct football club based in Horgoš, Serbia. They achieved their best results under the sponsorship name Zlatibor Voda, before merging with Spartak Subotica in 2008.
The Sun Inn Group
The Sun Inn Group was a group of poets (also known as the Manchester Poets and the Bards of Cottonopolis) associated with Manchester, England in the mid-19th century. Taking their name from the public house where they met between 1840 and 1843, they also established the short-lived Lancashire Literary Association in 1841.

Originally a small group of working class writers who were all friends of John Critchley Prince, it eventually grew to have around 50 members at its height—including Samuel Bamford, John Bolton Rogerson, Isabella Banks, Charles Swain, and Robert Rose—whose works ranged widely in subject, form, and style.

Isabella Banks
Isabella Banks (née Varley; 25 March 1821 – 4 May 1897), also known as Mrs G. Linnaeus Banks, was an English novelist and poet. Born in Manchester, England, Banks is most widely remembered today for her book The Manchester Man, published in 1876.
Combined driving
Combined driving (also known as horse driving trials) is an equestrian sport involving carriage driving. In this discipline, the driver sits on a vehicle drawn by a single horse, a pair or a team of four. The sport has three phases: dressage, cross-country marathon and obstacle cone driving — patterned after the mounted equestrian sport of eventing. It is one of the ten international equestrian sport horse disciplines recognized by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). Combined driving became an FEI discipline in 1970 when Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the then-president of FEI, produced the first rule book.

Driving (horse)
Driving is the practice of guiding a horse or other draft animal in harness to pull a load. Horses may draw vehicles such as wagons, carts, carriages, coaches, and sleighs, as well as farm implements or other equipment. They are driven for transportation, ceremonial and tourist uses, pleasure, sport, and a variety of working tasks including logging, plowing, and towing boats. Training for driving often begins with ground driving, in which a handler works the animal from behind or alongside.