hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reedham railway station (Norfolk)
Reedham railway station is a stop on the Wherry Lines in the East of England, serving the village of Reedham, Norfolk. It is 12 miles 13 chains (19.6 km) down the line from Norwich; it is situated between Cantley to the west and, to the east, Berney Arms on the branch to Great Yarmouth or Haddiscoe on the branch to Lowestoft. It is commonly suffixed as Reedham (Norfolk) in order to distinguish it from the station of the same name in south London. Its three-letter station code is REE.

The station is currently managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving the station. The majority of services run between Norwich and Lowestoft, but three trains per day run to and from Great Yarmouth via the remote Berney Arms station. Services are operated by the brand new Stadler FLIRT Class 755 bi-mode multiple units, which entered service on the Wherry Lines in autumn 2019.

Norwich railway station
Norwich railway station (formerly Norwich Thorpe) is the northern terminus of the Great Eastern Main Line in the East of England, serving the cathedral city of Norwich, Norfolk. It is 114 miles 77 chains (185 km) down the main line from London Liverpool Street, the southern terminus.

It is also the terminus of numerous secondary lines: the Breckland Line to Cambridge; the Bittern Line to Sheringham; and the Wherry Lines to Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft.

The station is currently managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates the majority of the trains that call. East Midlands Railway operates services to Liverpool Lime Street, via Nottingham, Sheffield and Manchester Piccadilly.
Corsican autonomy
Corsican autonomy is the idea and movement supporting the status of an autonomous region for the island of Corsica within the French Republic. Most supporters of greater autonomy are Corsican nationalists. The ruling Femu a Corsica party supports an autonomous status for Corsica.

Corsican nationalism
Corsican nationalism is the concept of a cohesive nation of Corsica and a national identity of its people. The Corsican autonomy movement stems from Corsican nationalism and advocates for further autonomy for the island, if not outright independence from France.
Motor control
Motor control is the regulation of movements in organisms that possess a nervous system. Motor control includes conscious voluntary movements, subconscious muscle memory and involuntary reflexes, as well as instinctual taxes.

To control movement, the nervous system must integrate multimodal sensory information (both from the external world as well as proprioception) and elicit the necessary signals to recruit muscles to carry out a goal. This pathway spans many disciplines, including multisensory integration, signal processing, coordination, biomechanics, and cognition, and the computational challenges are often discussed under the term sensorimotor control. Successful motor control is crucial to interacting with the world to carry out goals as well as for posture, balance, and stability.

Some researchers (mostly neuroscientists studying movement, such as Daniel Wolpert and Randy Flanagan) argue that motor control is the reason brains exist at all.

Motor coordination
In physiology, motor coordination is the orchestrated movement of multiple body parts as required to accomplish intended actions, like walking. This coordination is achieved by adjusting kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with each body part involved in the intended movement. The modifications of these parameters typically relies on sensory feedback from one or more sensory modalities (see multisensory integration), such as proprioception and vision.
Selenium rectifier
A selenium rectifier is a type of metal rectifier, invented in 1933. They were used in power supplies for electronic equipment and in high-current battery-charger applications until they were superseded by silicon diode rectifiers in the late 1960s. The arrival of the alternator in some automobiles was the result of compact, low-cost, high-current silicon rectifiers.  These units were small enough to be inside the alternator case, unlike the selenium units that preceded silicon devices.

The rectifying properties of selenium, amongst other semiconductors, were observed by Braun, Schuster and Siemens between 1874 and 1883. The photoelectric and rectifying properties of selenium were also observed by Adams and Day in 1876 and C. E. Fitts around 1886, but practical rectifier devices were not manufactured routinely until the 1930s. Compared with the earlier copper-oxide rectifier, the selenium cell could withstand higher voltage, but at a lower current capacity per unit area.

Metal rectifier
A metal rectifier is an early type of semiconductor rectifier in which the semiconductor is copper oxide, germanium or selenium.  They were used in power applications to convert alternating current to direct current in devices such as radios and battery chargers.   Westinghouse Electric was a major manufacturer of these rectifiers since the late 1920s, under the trade name Westector (now used as a trade name for an overcurrent trip device by Westinghouse Nuclear).

In some countries the term "metal rectifier" is applied to all such devices; in others the term "metal rectifier" normally refers to copper-oxide types, and "selenium rectifier" to  selenium-iron types.
Inulin
Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory. Inulin is used by some plants as a means of storing energy and is typically found in roots or rhizomes. Most plants that synthesize and store inulin do not store other forms of carbohydrate such as starch.

The inulins belong to a class of dietary fiber known as fructans. In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved inulin as a dietary fiber ingredient used to improve the nutritional value of manufactured food products. Using inulin to measure kidney function is the "gold standard" for comparison with other means of estimating glomerular filtration rate.

Fructan
A fructan is a polymer of fructose molecules. Fructans with a short chain length are known as fructooligosaccharides. Fructans can be found in over 12% of the angiosperms including both monocots and dicots such as agave, artichokes, asparagus, leeks, garlic, onions (including spring onions), yacón, jícama, barley and wheat.

Fructans also appear in grass, with dietary implications for horses and other grazing animals (Equidae).
Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope
The Schmidt–Cassegrain is a catadioptric telescope that combines a Cassegrain reflector's optical path with a Schmidt corrector plate to make a compact astronomical instrument that uses simple spherical surfaces.

Schmidt camera
A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astrophotographic telescope designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations.  The design was invented by Bernhard Schmidt in 1930.

Some notable examples are the Samuel Oschin telescope (formerly Palomar Schmidt), the UK Schmidt Telescope and the ESO Schmidt; these provided the major source of all-sky photographic imaging from 1950 until 2000, when electronic detectors took over. A recent example is the Kepler space telescope exoplanet finder.

Other related designs are the Wright camera and Lurie–Houghton telescope.
Holy Loch
The Holy Loch (Scottish Gaelic: An Loch Sianta/Seunta) is a sea loch, part of the Firth of Clyde, in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.

The "Holy Loch" name is believed to date from the 6th century, when Saint Munn landed there after leaving Ireland. Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum is said to stand where Saint Munn's church was once located.

Robertson's Yard at Sandbank, a village on the loch, was a major wooden boat building company in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

During World War II, the loch was used as a British Royal Navy submarine base. From 1961 to 1992, it was used as a United States Navy ballistic missile submarine base. In 1992, the Holy Loch base was deemed unnecessary following the demise of the Soviet Union and subsequently closed.

Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum
Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum in Kilmun, Argyll and Bute, Scotland, consists of St Munn's Church (a Category-A-listed building but no longer a parish church of the Church of Scotland), as well as the adjacent mausoleum of the Dukes of Argyll and a historically significant churchyard. The complex is located on the summit of a slight knoll about ten metres from the shoreline of the Holy Loch on the Cowal Peninsula in Argyll, Scotland. The existing church dates from 1841 and occupies the site of an older, medieval church. A partly ruined tower from the medieval period still stands to the west of the present building.
Julie Skinner
Julie Lynn Skinner (née Sutton, born April 23, 1968, in Calgary, Alberta) is a retired Canadian curler and Olympic medallist from Victoria, British Columbia. She received a bronze medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. She is also a former world champion from 2000.

After winning the 1987 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, Skinner became the junior world champion in 1988, as skip for the Canadian team. She also won the 1986 Canadian Junior Women's Curling Championship playing third for her sister Jodie Sutton.

Jodie Sutton
Jodie Ann Sutton (born April 23, 1968) is a Canadian curler.

She is a 1991 World women's silver medallist and 1991 Canadian women's champion.

She won a bronze medal at the 1992 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport.

In 1996, she was inducted into British Columbia Curling Hall of Fame together with all of the Julie Sutton 1991–1993 team.
Olivia Loe
Olivia Loe (born 15 January 1992) is a former New Zealand representative rower. She is a two-time world champion in the double scull and was world champion winning gold at the 2019 World Rowing Championships with Brooke Donoghue. She was selected in the New Zealand senior squad for the 2020 Summer Olympics but in a surprise move at the final crew selections Loe was replaced in the double scull by Hannah Osborne and was selected, instead, to race in the New Zealand women's quad-scull.

Brooke Francis
Brooke Francis (née Donoghue, born 6 January 1995) is a New Zealand rower. She has twice won the world championship in the double scull alongside Olivia Loe, is the incumbent world champion, and won a silver medal in this class at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics with rowing partner Hannah Osborne, followed by a gold medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics with Lucy Spoors. As of 2021, she has won ten premier national rowing championships.
Volunteer management
Volunteer management, also known as volunteer engagement, volunteer coordination, and volunteer administration, refers to "the systematic and logical process of working with and through volunteers to achieve an organisation’s objectives".

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
Model–view–presenter
Model–view–presenter (MVP) is a derivation of the model–view–controller (MVC) architectural pattern, and is used mostly for building user interfaces.

In MVP, the presenter assumes the functionality of the "middle-man". In MVP, all presentation logic is pushed to the presenter.

Model–view–controller
Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements. These elements are:

the model, the internal representations of information

the view, the interface that presents information to and accepts it from the user

the controller, the software linking the two.

Traditionally used for desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs), this pattern became popular for designing web applications. Popular programming languages have MVC frameworks that facilitate the implementation of the pattern.
Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer. With Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge and William Alfred Fowler, he formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis in the influential B2FH paper.

He held controversial views on some scientific matters — in particular, in his rejection of the "Big Bang" theory (a term he jokingly coined on BBC Radio, though he later denied doing so in derision) in favour of a "steady-state model", and his promotion of panspermia as the origin of life on Earth.

He spent most of his working life at St John's College, Cambridge, and served as the founding director of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy at Cambridge.

Hoyle also wrote science fiction novels, short stories, and radio plays, co-created television serials, and co-authored twelve books with his son, Geoffrey Hoyle.

Geoffrey Hoyle
Geoffrey Hoyle (12 January 1941 - 9 September 2024) was an English science fiction writer, who co-wrote with his father, the astronomer Fred Hoyle. About half of Fred Hoyle's science fiction works were co-written with his son.
Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum
The National Cyber Defence Centre (NCDC or Cyber-DC) is a cooperation, communication and coordination platform of German Federal agencies and other institutions from different ministries dealing in particular with cyber-related matters of nationwide relevance.

On the basis of an exchange on cyber-related matters or incidents every working day, a joint, overall cyber-security situation report for Germany is regularly prepared and updated. To handle issues of (potentially) national importance, the participants in the Cyber Defence Centre harmonise and coordinate the individual authorities' activities. Their implementation remains the responsibility of the respective authority or institutions.

The Cyber Defence Centre is not an authority of its own. The Federal Office for Information Security is the host of the Cyber Defence Centre and thus provides premises and technology in Bonn so that the Cyber Defence Centre is able to perform its tasks.

Federal Office for Information Security
The Federal Office for Information Security (German: Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, abbreviated as BSI) is the German upper-level federal agency founded in 1991, in charge of managing computer and communication security for the German government. Its areas of expertise and responsibility include the security of computer applications, critical infrastructure protection, Internet security, cryptography, counter eavesdropping, certification of security products and the accreditation of security test laboratories. It is located in Bonn and as of 2024 had about 1,700 employees. Its current president, since 1 July 2023, is former business executive Claudia Plattner, who took over the presidency from Arne Schönbohm.
Cowbridge Girls School
51°27′41.2″N 3°26′24.8″W﻿ / ﻿51.461444°N 3.440222°W﻿ / 51.461444; -3.440222

Cowbridge Girls School is a former school in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Designed by Robert Williams and built in 1896, it was the first school for girls built under the Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889 and has been described as the first secondary school for girls in England and Wales. Unusually for a girls' school of the period it was built with a laboratory to allow the girls to study science. The school merged with Cowbridge Comprehensive School in 1974 and the building was used to house the combined school's sixth form until 2010. The building was sold to Hafod housing association in 2018 and in 2022 the Vale of Glamorgan Council granted permission for it to be demolished and replaced with a development of flats and houses, despite a local campaign to preserve it.

Cowbridge Comprehensive School
Cowbridge Comprehensive School is a secondary school in the town of Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan, near Cardiff, Wales.

The school has approximately 1,500 pupils, 1,200 of whom are in the secondary years and 300 in the sixth-form years studying for Welsh Baccalaureate, GCSEs and A-Levels.
Place Eugène Flagey
The Place Eugène Flagey (French, pronounced [plas ø.ʒɛn fla.ʒɛ]) or Eugène Flageyplein (Dutch, pronounced [øˈʒɛn flaˈʒɛiˌplɛin]), usually shortened to the Place Flagey, or Flagey by locals, is a square in the Ixelles municipality of Brussels, Belgium. It bears the name of a former mayor of Ixelles, Eugène Flagey.

With ten streets converging there, the Place Flagey is one of the best connected crossroads in the city, directly adjacent to the neighbouring Ixelles Ponds. Until 1937, the square was known as the Place Sainte-Croix/Heilig-Kruisplein, but this name only now applies to the square in front of the Church of the Holy Cross on the south-western corner.

The Flagey Building, also known as the Radio House, is a remarkable Art Deco building, the former headquarters of the Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting, and now houses Le Flagey cultural centre. It is located on the south-western corner of the square with its entrance on the Place Sainte-Croix.

Flagey Building
The Flagey Building  (French: Bâtiment Flagey; Dutch: Flageygebouw), also known as the Radio House (French: Maison de la Radio; Dutch: Radiohuis), is a building located in Ixelles, a municipality of Brussels, Belgium, housing the Flagey cultural centre. It is located on the south-western corner of the Place Eugène Flagey/Eugène Flageyplein, with its main entrance on the Place Sainte-Croix/Heilig-Kruisplein.

The building, parts of which are listed, was designed by the architect Joseph Diongre and completed in 1938 in Streamline Moderne, an international style of Art Deco. It owes its name to Eugène Flagey, a Belgian lawyer and politician who was mayor of Ixelles from 1935 to 1953. It served as the former headquarters of the National Institute of Radio Broadcasting (INR/NIR). When the broadcaster left in 1974, the building was refurbished as a cultural community centre.
Edward Leonard King
Major General Edward Leonard King (December 5, 1873 – December 27, 1933) was an American football player and coach and officer in the United States Army. He played college football as the halfback at the United States Military Academy from 1894 to 1895 and served as the head coach of the Army football team in 1903. King was a career military officer who served in the Spanish–American War and World War I. He was the Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from 1925 to 1929 and attained the rank of major general.

Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College
The Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College is the highest-ranking official at the United States Army's Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, installation. The position is similar to the West Point Superintendent and is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university. Since 1976, the commandant has been a Lieutenant General (three stars) and is also in charge of the United States Army Combined Arms Center which includes other training organizations at Fort Leavenworth.

The General Staff College, which is a graduate school, trains a high number of United States Army field officers, many of whom go on to become general officers. The college is part of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.
South Dakota Highway 377
South Dakota Highway 377 (SD 377) is a 2.173-mile-long (3.497 km) state highway in Jackson County, South Dakota, United States. It begins at an intersection with SD 44 in Interior, and travels in a northeasterly direction to its northern terminus at the Interior Entrance Station for Badlands National Park.

South Dakota Highway 44
South Dakota Highway 44 (SD 44) is a state highway in southern South Dakota that runs from U.S. Route 385 (US 385) west of Rapid City to Interstate 29 (I-29) south of Sioux Falls. It is just more than 379 miles (610 km) long.
Australian bass
The Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeatus) is a small-to-medium-sized species of primarily freshwater (but estuarine spawning) ray-finned fish found in coastal rivers and streams along the east coast of Australia. A member of the genus Percalates from the order Centrarchiformes, the Australian bass is an important member of the native fish assemblages found in east coast river systems. It is a native predatory fish and an extremely popular game fish species among anglers. The species was simply called perch in most coastal rivers where it was caught until the 1960s, when the name "Australian bass" started to gain popularity.

Percalates
Percalates (from Perca + Lates) is a genus of ray-finned fish native to both estuarine and freshwater habitats of southeastern Australia. They are the only members of the suborder Percalatoidei, and of their own undescribed family ('Percalatidae').
Aleksandr Lyapunov
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov (Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Ляпуно́в, 6 June [O.S. 25 May] 1857 – 3 November 1918) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. He was the son of the astronomer Mikhail Lyapunov and the brother of the pianist and composer Sergei Lyapunov.

Lyapunov is known for his development of the stability theory of a dynamical system, as well as for his many contributions to mathematical physics and probability theory.

Mikhail Lyapunov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lyapunov (12 October [O.S. 30 September] 1820 – 2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1868) was a Russian astronomer and a head of the Demidov Lyceum in Yaroslavl.

He was the father of Aleksandr and Sergei Lyapunov.
Adina Bar-Shalom
Adina Bar-Shalom (Hebrew: עדינה בר-שלום; January 5, 1945) is an Israeli educator, columnist, and social activist. She was the founder of the first college for Haredi students in Jerusalem, and has spent years working to overcome gender discrimination
in the Orthodox Jewish community. She was awarded the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement and special contribution to society in 2014. A daughter of Ovadia Yosef, she is a member of the prominent Yosef family.

Ovadia Yosef
Ovadia Yosef (Hebrew: עובדיה יוסף, romanized: Ovadya Yosef, Arabic: عبد الله يوسف, romanized: ‘Abd Allāh Yūsuf; September 24, 1920 – October 7, 2013), also known as Maran (Hebrew: מרן; lit. 'Our Master'), was an Iraqi-born Talmudic scholar, hakham, posek, and the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1972 to 1983. Also known as Gadol Yisrael ("great one of Israel"), Yosef is regarded as one of the most influential Sephardic religious authorities of all time. He was also a founder and longtime spiritual leader of Israel's religious Shas party. Yosef's responsa were highly regarded in Haredi circles, particularly among Mizrahi communities, which considered him "the most important living halakhic authority".
Elephant of the Bastille
The Elephant of the Bastille (French: Éléphant de la Bastille) was a monument in Paris which existed between 1813 and 1846. Originally conceived in 1808 by Napoleon I, the colossal statue was intended to be created out of bronze and placed in the Place de la Bastille, but only a plaster full-scale model was built. At 24 m (78 ft) in height, the model itself became a recognisable construction and was immortalised by Victor Hugo in his novel Les Misérables (1862) in which it is used as a shelter by the street urchin Gavroche. It was built at the site of the Bastille and, although part of the original construction remains, the elephant itself was replaced a few years later by the July Column (1835–40) constructed on the same spot.

July Column
48°51′11″N 2°22′09″E﻿ / ﻿48.85306°N 2.36917°E﻿ / 48.85306; 2.36917

The July Column (French: Colonne de Juillet, [kɔlɔn d(ə) ʒɥijɛ]) is a monumental column in Paris commemorating the Revolution of 1830.  It stands in the center of the Place de la Bastille and celebrates the Trois Glorieuses — the 'three glorious' days of 27–29 July 1830 that saw the fall of Charles X, King of France, and the commencement of the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe, King of the French. It was built between 1835 and 1840.