hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taiwanese Hakka
Taiwanese Hakka is a language group consisting of Hakka dialects spoken in Taiwan, and mainly used by people of Hakka ancestry. Taiwanese Hakka is divided into five main dialects: Sixian, Hailu, Dapu, Raoping, and Zhao'an. The most widely spoken of the five Hakka dialects in Taiwan are Sixian and Hailu. The former, possessing 6 tones, originates from Meizhou, Guangdong, and is mainly spoken in Miaoli, Pingtung and Kaohsiung, while the latter, possessing 7 tones, originates from Haifeng and Lufeng, Guangdong, and is concentrated around Hsinchu. Taiwanese Hakka is also officially listed as one of the national languages of Taiwan. In addition to the five main dialects, there are the northern Xihai dialect and the patchily distributed Yongding, Fengshun, Wuping, Wuhua, and Jiexi dialects.

Hsinchu County
Hsinchu is a county in north-western Taiwan. The population of the county is mainly Hakka; with a Taiwanese aboriginal minority in the southeastern part of the county. Zhubei is the county seat, where the government office and county office is located. A portion of the Hsinchu Science Park is located in Hsinchu County.
Lesjaskog Church
Lesjaskog Church (Norwegian: Lesjaskog kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Lesjaskog. It is the church for the Lesja og Lesjaskog parish which is part of the Nord-Gudbrandsdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1697 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 250 people.

Lesjaskog
Lesjaskog is a village in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at the west end of the lake Lesjaskogsvatnet about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of the village of Lesjaverk and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Bjorli. The European route E136 highway and the Raumabanen railway line both run through the village. Lesjaskog Church is located in the village.

The lake Lesjaskogsvatnet has outlets at both ends. A dam that was constructed by the Lesja Iron Works at the nearby village of Lesjaverk in the 1660s in order to improve transportation caused the water which normally drained only to the Rauma River to also flow eastwards into the Gudbrandsdalslågen river to the east.

During the Second World War during the Namsos Campaign the British No. 263 Squadron RAF operated with 18 Gloster Gladiator biplane fighters from the frozen surface of Lake Lesjaskogsvatnet at Lesjaskog.
Chatham Road
Chatham Road South (Chinese: 漆咸道南) and Chatham Road North (Chinese: 漆咸道北) are two continuous roads extending from Tsim Sha Tsui to Hung Hom in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The road originally ran from Signal Hill to Hung Hom, under No. 12 Hill by the side of Hung Hom Bay. It was later extended through Lo Lung Hang to the southern end of To Kwa Wan, which makes up Chatham Road North.

Tsim Sha Tsui
Tsim Sha Tsui (Chinese: 尖沙咀), often abbreviated as TST, is an area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong District. Tsim Sha Tsui East is a piece of land reclaimed from the Hung Hom Bay now east of Tsim Sha Tsui. The area is bounded north by Austin Road and in the east by Hong Chong Road and Cheong Wan Road.

Geographically, Tsim Sha Tsui is a cape on the tip of the Kowloon Peninsula pointing towards Victoria Harbour, opposite Central. Several villages had been established in this location before Kowloon was ceded to the British Empire in 1860. The name Tsim Sha Tsui in Cantonese means sharp sandspit. It was also known as Heung Po Tau (香埗頭), i.e. a port for exporting incense tree.

Tsim Sha Tsui is a major tourist hub in Hong Kong, with many high-end shops, bars, pubs and restaurants that cater to tourists. Many of Hong Kong's museums are located in the area.
2019–20 Basketball League of Serbia
The 2019–20 Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашка лига Србије 2019–20.) is the 14th season of the Basketball League of Serbia, the highest professional basketball league in Serbia. Also, it's the 76th national championship played by Serbian clubs inclusive of nation's previous incarnations as Yugoslavia and Serbia & Montenegro.

The regular season began in October 2019 and ended in March 2020. The SuperLeague season was suspended prior to its start due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 28 May 2020, the League Assembly canceled definitely the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Crvena zvezda mts was the defending champion and as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the League Assembly decided not to recognize any team as the champion for the season. The SuperLeague season would have been played in April and May 2020. The playoffs would have been played in June 2020.

2019–20 Second Men's League of Serbia (basketball)
The 2018–19 Second Men's League of Serbia is the 14th season of the Second Basketball League of Serbia, the 2nd-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia.

On 16 March 2020, the Basketball Federation of Serbia temporarily suspended its competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 2 June, the Federation canceled definitely the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Edward Habershon
Matthew Edward Habershon (18 July 1826 – 18 August 1900), known as Edward Habershon, was an architect practising in London and south-east England. He specialised in neo-gothic buildings, especially churches and chapels. With his brother W.G. Habershon he designed St John the Baptist's Church, Hove, now a Grade II building. With E.P.L. Brock he designed a number of churches including St Leonards-on-Sea Congregational Church, also listed at Grade II. He designed St Andrew's Church in Hastings, where Robert Tressell's large mural (now in Hastings Museum) was created. In 1862 he was involved in the relocation of London's burial grounds, moving more than one thousand hundredweight of human remains.

Henry Spalding (architect)
Henry Spalding (4 Sept 1838 – 25 Jun 1910) was a British architect.

Spalding was an assistant for William Gilbee Habershon and Edward Habershon from 1857 to 1863. He was in partnership with Samuel Knight (architect) and then went on to establish his own practice with Edward Haberson and later went into partnership with Patrick Auld, Alfred William Stephens Cross and his son Reginald Henry Spalding.

His buildings include Dulwich Public Baths, Camberwell Public Baths and Belle Vue House, Sudbury, Suffolk
Carbon–oxygen bond
A carbon–oxygen bond is a polar covalent bond between atoms of carbon and oxygen.: 16–22  Carbon–oxygen bonds are found in many inorganic compounds such as carbon oxides and oxohalides, carbonates and metal carbonyls, and in organic compounds such as alcohols, ethers, and carbonyl compounds.: 32–36  Oxygen has 6 valence electrons of its own and tends to fill its outer shell with 8 electrons by sharing electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds, accepting electrons to form an anion, or a combination of the two. In neutral compounds, an oxygen atom can form a triple bond with carbon, while a carbon atom can form up to four single bonds or two double bonds with oxygen.

Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.

The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl).

The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, such that carbon and oxygen share a double bond.
Bexhill West branch line
The Bexhill West branch line was a short double-track branch line which was opened on 1 June 1902. It was built by the Crowhurst, Sidley & Bexhill Railway under the patronage of the South Eastern Railway.  The Chief Engineer to the project was Lt Col Arthur John Barry. Diverging from the Hastings Line at Crowhurst, an intermediate station at Sidley was served before the terminus was reached at Bexhill West. The line was closed under the Beeching Axe on 15 June 1964.

Bexhill West railway station
Bexhill West is a closed station in Bexhill-on-Sea in East Sussex. It was the terminus of the Bexhill West branch of the Hastings Line. It was opened by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway and was operated by the Southern Region of British Railways on closing. The station building still survives as an antiques house. The trackbed and site of the demolished platforms are now occupied by commercial industrial buildings.
Jürgen Stock (astronomer)
Jürgen Stock (8 July 1923 – 19 March 2004) was a German astronomer, best known for discovering the site of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile after a two year search starting in 1960, and was its first director from 1962 to 1965.
Stock was bilingual, studied at the University of Hamburg and graduated under Otto Heckmann. In the 1950s he worked at Case-Western Reserve University and Boyden Observatory in South Africa, which uniquely linked him to scientific initiatives
in both the northern and southern hemisphere. In 1971, he established the Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory, the Venezuelan National Observatory, of which he was a temporary director. The asteroid 4388 Jürgenstock was named after him.

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) is an astronomical observatory located on the summit of Mt. Cerro Tololo in the Coquimbo Region of northern Chile, with additional facilities located on Mt. Cerro Pachón about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast. It is approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of La Serena, where support facilities are located. 
The principal telescopes at CTIO are the 4 m Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, named after Puerto Rican astronomer Víctor Manuel Blanco, and the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, which is situated on Cerro Pachón. Other telescopes on Cerro Tololo include the 1.5 m, 1.3 m, 1.0 m, and 0.9 m telescopes operated by the SMARTS consortium. CTIO also hosts other research projects, such as PROMPT, WHAM, and LCOGTN, providing a platform for access to the southern hemisphere for U.S. and worldwide scientific research.
Basilica of Our Lady of Copacabana
The Basilica of Our Lady of Copacabana is a 17th-century Marian shrine that houses the image of Our Lady of the Candles of Copacabana]. It is located in the town of Copacabana, Bolivia on the shores of Lake Titicaca near the Altiplano region. Our Lady of Copacabana is the patroness saint of Bolivia. Pope Pius XII raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via the Pontifical decree Bolivianæ Ditionis Intra on 2 July 1940.

Our Lady of Copacabana
Our Lady of Copacabana or Our Lady of the Candles of Copacabana is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary honored as the patrone saint of Bolivia. She is venerated in Bolivia on 2 February, the Feast of the  Feast of the Presentation of Jesus Christ There is as well as a second feast for Our Lady of Copacabana with own liturgical texts on 5 August.

Pope Pius XI granted the image a Canonical coronation on 29 July 1925 and it was crowned on 1 August the same year. Pope Pius XII later decreed her shrine a Basilica on 2 July 1940. Pope Paul VI issued the decree Maria Mater Ecclesiæ on 4 November 1968, which declared Our Lady as Bolivia’s national patroness.
54th GMA Dove Awards
The 54th Annual GMA Dove Awards presentation ceremony was held on Tuesday, October 17, 2023,  at the Allen Arena located in Nashville, Tennessee. The ceremony recognized the accomplishments of musicians and other figures within the Christian music industry for the year 2023. The award ceremony will be aired on Trinity Broadcasting Network on Friday, October 20, 2023, at 8PM ET and 10PM ET.

The nominees were announced on Wednesday, August 9, 2023. Brandon Lake led with eleven nominations, followed by songwriter and producer Jeff Pardo who garnered eight nominations. Katy Nichole led female nominees with four nominations, while Lauren Daigle, Naomi Raine, and Tasha Cobbs Leonard followed with three nominations each.

Brandon Lake won the most awards at the ceremony, receiving four awards for Artist of the Year, Songwriter of the Year – Artist, Worship Recorded Song of the Year for "Gratitude," and Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song of the Year for "Graves".

Gratitude (Brandon Lake song)
"Gratitude" is a song by Brandon Lake. The song was released on June 3, 2022, as the third single from his second studio album, House of Miracles (2020). Lake co-wrote the song with Benjamin Hastings and Dante Bowe. Jacob Sooter worked on the production of the single.

The song peaked at number one on the US Hot Christian Songs chart published by Billboard. At the 2023 GMA Dove Awards, "Gratitude" was nominated for Song of the Year and Worship Recorded Song of the Year awards.
National University of Singapore
The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a national public research university in Singapore. It was officially established in 1980 through the government-directed merger of the public University of Singapore and the private Nanyang University.

The university offers degree programmes in disciplines at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, including in the sciences, medicine and dentistry, design and environment, law, arts and social sciences, engineering, business, computing, and music. NUS's main campus is located adjacent to the Kent Ridge subzone of Queenstown. The Duke–NUS Medical School is located at the Outram campus. The Bukit Timah campus houses the Faculty of Law and Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. NUS's affiliated faculty members and researchers include one Nobel Prize laureate, one Tang Prize laureate, and one Vautrin Lud laureate.

National University of Singapore Faculty of Law
The National University of Singapore Faculty of Law (NUS Law) is Singapore's oldest law school. NUS Law was initially established in 1956 as the Department of Law in the University of Malaya, and subsequently, University of Singapore. After its establishment, NUS Law was Singapore's only law school for half a century, until the subsequent establishment of the SMU School of Law in 2007 and the SUSS School of Law in 2017. NUS Law is currently located at the NUS Bukit Timah Campus. The current dean of NUS Law is Andrew Simester. Internationally, NUS Law has been ranked twelfth by the QS World University Rankings by Subject in 2024 and eleventh by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings by Subject in 2024.
Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Myron G. Barlow
Myron G. Barlow (May 1870 in Ionia – 14 August 1937 in Étaples) was an American figurative painter known for his paintings of the lives of rural French women. A gold medalist in international art exhibitions, he had a home at the Etaples art colony (the colony a place in France in which American artists converged before World War 1). He was friend to Henry Ossawa Tanner. He also remained a resident of Detroit.

Ionia, Michigan
Ionia (/aɪˈoʊnjə/ eye-OH-nyə) is the largest city in and the county seat of Ionia County, Michigan, United States. The population was 13,378 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 12,265 in 2024. Every July it hosts what is said to be the world's largest free-admission fair, the Ionia Free Fair. The city is mostly within Ionia Township, with small portion extending into Easton Township and Berlin Township, but is politically autonomous of the townships. The city is named after Ionia, a historic region in Greece.
Tag system
In the theory of computation, a tag system is a deterministic model of computation published by Emil Leon Post in 1943 as a simple form of a Post canonical system. A tag system may also be viewed as an abstract machine, called a Post tag machine (not to be confused with Post–Turing machines)—briefly, a finite-state machine whose only tape is a FIFO queue of unbounded length, such that in each transition the machine reads the symbol at the head of the queue, deletes a constant number of symbols from the head, and appends to the tail a symbol-string that depends solely on the first symbol read in this transition.

Because all of the indicated operations are performed in a single transition, a tag machine strictly has only one state.

Emil Leon Post
Emil Leon Post (/poʊst/; February 11, 1897 – April 21, 1954) was an American mathematician and logician. He is best known for his work in the field that eventually became known as computability theory.
National Police Agency (Taiwan)
The National Police Agency, Ministry of the Interior (NPA; Chinese: 內政部警政署; pinyin: Nèizhèngbù Jǐngzhèngshǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Luē-chèng-pō͘ Kéng-chèng-sú) is an agency under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China (ROC), or Taiwan. Headquartered in Taipei, the agency oversees all police forces on a national level.

Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan)
The Coast Guard Administration of the Ocean Affairs Council (CGA), also operating as the ROC Coast Guard, is charged with maintaining law and order; protecting the resources of the territorial waters of the Republic of China (Taiwan), which surround Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Green Island, Orchid Island, Pratas Island (Tungsha/Dongsha), and Nansha Islands; as well as providing a first line of defense along coastal areas against smugglers and illegal immigrants. The CGA is considered a civilian law enforcement agency under the administration of the Ocean Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan, though during emergencies it may be incorporated as part of the Republic of China Armed Forces.
Stygotantulus
Stygotantulus is a genus of crustacean with the sole species Stygotantulus stocki. It lives as an ectoparasite on harpacticoid copepods of the families Tisbidae and Canuellidae. It may be the smallest arthropod in the world, at a length of less than 0.1 millimetres (0.004 in). The specific name stocki commemorates Jan Hendrik Stock, a Dutch carcinologist.

Smallest organisms
The smallest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of organism size, including volume, mass, height, length, or genome size.

Given the incomplete nature of scientific knowledge, it is possible that the smallest organism is undiscovered. Furthermore, there is some debate over the definition of life, and what entities qualify as organisms; consequently the smallest known organisms (microrganisms) may be nanobes that can be 20 nanometers long.
Impractical Jokers
Impractical Jokers is an American hidden camera comedy and reality show with improvisational elements. Produced by NorthSouth Productions, Impractical Jokers premiered on truTV on December 15, 2011, starring the members of The Tenderloins: James "Murr" Murray, Brian "Q" Quinn, Sal Vulcano, and formerly Joe Gatto. In March 2024, the series was relocated to  TBS, who originally simulcast the tenth season, due to a programming network overhaul at truTV. Despite this, truTV continues to air reruns.

Impractical Jokers' twelfth season premiered on July 10, 2025. A feature-length film for the show was theatrically released on February 21, 2020.

Sal Vulcano
Salvatore Edward Anthony Vulcano (born November 6, 1976) is an American improvisational and stand-up comedian, actor, and producer from the New York City borough of Staten Island. He is a member of The Tenderloins, a comedy troupe consisting of himself, James Murray, Brian Quinn, and formerly Joe Gatto. Along with the other members of The Tenderloins, he stars in the television series Impractical Jokers, which premiered in 2011, on TruTV.
Earnshaw State College
Earnshaw State College is a public, co-educational, P-12, school located in the Brisbane suburb of Banyo, in Queensland, Australia. It is administered by the Department of Education, with an enrolment of 856 students and a teaching staff of 68, as of 2023. The school serves students from Prep to Year 12, on three campuses.

Banyo, Queensland
Banyo is a northern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Banyo had a population of 6,105 people.

It is a community split between residential and industrial land usage, the latter being attracted by the accessibility of local transport, including the Gateway Motorway.
Nonmanual feature
A nonmanual feature, also sometimes called nonmanual signal or sign language expression, is any feature of a sign language aside from those produced using the hands, including body postures and facial expressions. Nonmanual features are necessary components of the grammars of sign languages, in the same way that manual features are. Nonmanual features serve many functions, including negation, grammatical mood, and some functions often served by intonation in spoken languages. Expression is one of five components of a sign, along with handshape (DEZ), orientation (ORI), location (TAB), and movement (SIG). A major component of expression is mouthing. However, not all signs have an inherent expression.

Location (sign language)
In sign languages, location, or tab, refers to specific places that the hands occupy as they are used to form signs. In Stokoe terminology it is known as the TAB, an abbreviation of tabula. Location is one of five components, or parameters, of a sign, along with handshape (DEZ), orientation (ORI), movement (SIG), and nonmanual features. A particular specification of a location, such as the chest or the temple of the head, can be considered a phoneme. Different sign languages can make use of different locations. In other words, different sign languages can have different inventories of location phonemes.
Ponderosa Valley Vineyards & Winery
Ponderosa Valley Vineyards & Winery is an American winery located in Ponderosa, New Mexico, founded in 1982. Its wines have won awards in the Indy International Competition and the Colorado State Fair and New Mexico State Fair wine competitions. Since 1996, the winery has only released vintages which have won multiple bronze, silver and gold medals in formal wine competition.

Ponderosa, New Mexico
Ponderosa is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 383 as of New Mexico's 2015 Census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.