hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daryl Caudle
Daryl Lane Caudle (born 1963) is an admiral in the United States Navy who has served as the 34th chief of naval operations since 2025.

Caudle was born in North Carolina. He was commissioned from the Officer Candidate School in 1985, and holds degrees in the fields of engineering and physics from North Carolina State University, Old Dominion University, the University of Phoenix, and the Naval Postgraduate School. He is also a licensed professional engineer.

He has commanded three submarines. His assignments have included commander of the Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet; Vice Director for Strategy, Plans, and Policy on the Joint Staff (J-5) in Washington, D.C.; commander, United States Fleet Forces Command from 2021 to 2025; and, from 2019 to 2021, concurrent terms as commander of Naval Submarine Forces, Submarine Force Atlantic, and Allied Submarine Command.

Caudle directed air attacks during Operation Inherent Resolve and Operation Odyssey Lightning.

Commander, Submarine Force Atlantic
The Commander, Naval Submarine Forces (a.k.a. COMNAVSUBFOR; and dual-hatted as Commander, Naval Submarine Force, Atlantic or COMSUBLANT or SUBLANT) is the Submarine Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet type commander under the United States Fleet Forces Command.

The principal responsibility of the Admiral commanding is to operate, maintain, train, and equip submarines. COMSUBLANT also has additional duties as commander of NATO's Allied Submarine Command and also Commander, Naval Submarine Forces. As Commander, Naval Submarine Forces (COMSUBFOR), an additional type commander role, he also supervises Commander, Submarine Force Pacific (often known as COMSUBPAC). From the 1960s to the 1990s the commander also held the NATO post of Commander, Submarines, Western Atlantic (COMSUBWESTLANT).
ACAE CJ-1000A
The ACAE/AECC CJ-1000A (Chinese: 长江-1000A, lit. 'Chang Jiang-1000A') is a Chinese high-bypass turbofan engine currently under development by the Aero Engine Corporation of China (AECC), through its Commercial Aircraft Engines (ACAE) division in Shanghai.

CFM International LEAP
The CFM International LEAP ("Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion") is a high-bypass turbofan engine produced by CFM International, a 50–50 joint venture between the American GE Aerospace and the French Safran Aircraft Engines. It competes with the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G for narrow-body aircraft.
Paul Raskin
Paul Raskin is the founding president of the Tellus Institute, which has conducted over 3,500 research and policy projects throughout the world on environmental issues, resource planning, scenario analysis, and sustainable development. His research and writing has centered on propagating the Great Transition. Raskin has served as a lead author on a number of high-profile international reports, including the U.S. National Academy of Science's Board on Sustainability, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, the United Nations Environment Programme's Global Environment Outlook, the Earth Charter, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report.

Global Scenario Group
The Global Scenario Group (GSG) was an international, interdisciplinary body convened in 1995 by the Tellus Institute and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to develop scenarios for world development in the twenty-first century. Further development of the Great Transition scenarios has been carried on by the Great Transition Initiative.
Česko Slovenská SuperStar: Výběr finálových hitů
Česko Slovenská SuperStar: Výběr finálových hitů is the soundtrack album from the second season of the talent contest Česko Slovenská SuperStar, released by Universal. It contains one cover song from each of the top ten finalists of the TV show, and one ensemble track performed by the top twelve contestants.

The compilation was preceded by the single "Nevzdávám", issued through iTunes on April 22, 2011. As such, the track peaked at number twenty-four on the Slovak radio component chart and at number forty-two on the fellow airplay-list in Czech Republic.

SuperStar (Czech and Slovak TV series)
SuperStar (previously known as Česko Slovenská SuperStar) is a joint Czech-Slovak version Česko hledá SuperStar and SuperStar Search Slovakia based on the Idol franchise. Three seasons of this competition were broadcast separately in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, but in 2009, they were merged to reduce costs and increase attractiveness for viewers.

The first season premiered in September 2009 with castings held in Prague, Brno, Bratislava, and Košice. It aired on two channels, TV Nova (Czech Republic) and Markíza (Slovakia), which have also been the broadcast stations for the individual seasons.

Determining to legitimate a fair chance for each country's contestants to reach the final, twelve contestants split into genders and nationalities in the semifinals, assuming a 50% share for each country in the top 12.
Signorini problem
The Signorini problem is an elastostatics problem in linear elasticity: it consists in finding the elastic equilibrium configuration of an anisotropic non-homogeneous elastic body, resting on a rigid frictionless surface and subject only to its mass forces. The name was coined by Gaetano Fichera to honour his teacher, Antonio Signorini: the original name coined by him is problem with ambiguous boundary conditions.

Gaetano Fichera
Gaetano Fichera (8 February 1922 – 1 June 1996) was an Italian mathematician, working in mathematical analysis, linear elasticity, partial differential equations and several complex variables. He was born in Acireale, and died in Rome.
.357 Magnum
The .357 Smith & Wesson Magnum, .357 S&W Magnum, .357 Magnum, or 9×33mmR is a smokeless powder cartridge with a 0.357 in (9.07 mm) bullet diameter. It was created by Elmer Keith, Phillip B. Sharpe, and Douglas B. Wesson of firearm manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester. The .357 Magnum cartridge is notable for its highly effective terminal ballistics.

The .357 Magnum cartridge is a magnum cartridge based on Smith & Wesson's earlier .38 Special cartridge. It was introduced in 1935, and it has seen widespread usage.

9mm Winchester Magnum
The 9mm Winchester Magnum, which is also known as the 9×29mm, is a centerfire handgun cartridge developed by Winchester in the late 1970s. The cartridge was developed to duplicate the performance of the .357 S&W Magnum in an auto-pistol cartridge.

The first handgun which chambered the cartridge was the Wildey pistol. Since then, Thompson/Center and LAR Grizzly Win Mag have produced barrels chambered for this cartridge and AMT chambered their Automag III for it too, but the cartridge never reached the popularity enjoyed by other handgun cartridges.

Starline Brass in Sedalia, Missouri, still make brass for this cartridge, although much of its production is now used to make 9mm blank firing cartridges for firearms chambered for 9×19mm, as this is easier to accomplish than using .223 Remington (5.56×45mm) cases, which may leave the neck area of the blank too thick to crimp properly. 9mm Winchester Magnum cases can also be trimmed and resized for reloading 9×25mm Mauser.
Metagonimiasis
Metagonimiasis is a disease caused by an intestinal trematode, most commonly Metagonimus yokagawai, but sometimes by M. takashii or M. miyatai. The metagonimiasis-causing flukes are one of two minute flukes called the heterophyids. Metagonimiasis was described by Katsurasa in 1911–1913 when he first observed eggs of M. yokagawai in feces (date is disputed in various studies). M. takahashii was described later first by Suzuki in 1930 and then M. miyatai was described in 1984 by Saito.

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
Central Police University
Central Police University (CPU; traditional Chinese: 中央警察大學; simplified Chinese: 中央警察大学; pinyin: Zhōngyāng Jǐngchá Dàxué; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-iong Kéng-chhat Tāi-ha̍k) is a public police academy located in Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. CPU is the highest educational institution for police education in Taiwan. CPU is an administrative agency under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China.

Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)
The Ministry of the Interior (MOI; Chinese: 內政部; pinyin: Nèizhèngbù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Luē-chèng-pō͘) is a cabinet level ministry under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is the ministry responsible for home affairs and security throughout Taiwan, including population, land, construction, military service administration, national emergency services, local administration systems, law enforcement.
Pakistan Premier League
The Pakistan Premier League (PPL; Urdu: پاکستان پریمیئر لیگ) is a Pakistani semi-professional league for men's football clubs. The top tier of the Pakistan football league system, the PPL operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the PFF League. The league has remained inactive since the 2018–19 season.

Since inception of the Pakistan Premier League in 2004, four clubs have won the title: Khan Research Laboratories (5), WAPDA (4), Pakistan Army (2) and K-Electric (1).

Pakistan Army F.C.
The Pakistan Army Football Club serves as the football section of the Pakistan Army. The club used to compete in the National Football Championship and Pakistan Premier League. The club regularly participates in the National Football Challenge Cup.

The club is operated by the Pakistan Army Sports Directorate, and its players are employed in the Pakistan Army, and recruited through the Army's sports quota or selected from within the forces.
Aleksander John Tenement
The Aleksander John Tenement (Polish: Kamienica Aleksandra Johna), also known as the Ignacy Nowicki Tenement (Polish: Kamienica Ignacego Nowickiego) is a rococo four-storey tenement house in Warsaw, Poland, located at 89 Kraków Suburb Street, next to the Castle Square, within the Old Town neighbourhood of the Downtown district. The building was originally constructed in the 17th century. It was destroyed in 1939 during the Second World War and rebuilt in 1950. It is included on a heritage list.

Prażmowski Tenement
The Prażmowski Tenement, also known as the Joachim Pastorius Tenement, Leszczyński Tenement, and Dobrycz Tenement, is a historic tenement house in Warsaw, Poland, located at 87 Kraków Suburb Street, in the Old Town neighbourhood of the Downtown district. It was built around 1660. The building was destroyed during the Second World War and rebuilt in 1949. It is included on a heritage list.
Classical compass winds
In the ancient Mediterranean world, the classical compass winds were names for the points of geographic direction and orientation, in association with the winds as conceived of by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Ancient wind roses typically had twelve winds and thus twelve points of orientation, sometimes reduced to eight or increased to twenty-four.

Originally conceived as a branch of meteorology, the classical wind rose had only a tentative relationship with actual navigation. The Classical 12-point wind rose was eventually displaced by the modern compass rose (8-point, 16-point and 32-point), adopted by seafarers during the Middle Ages.

Compass rose
A compass rose or compass star, sometimes called a wind rose or rose of the winds, is a polar diagram displaying the orientation of the cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west) and their intermediate points. It is used on compasses (including magnetic ones), maps (such as compass rose networks), or monuments. It is particularly common in navigation systems, including nautical charts, non-directional beacons (NDB), VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) systems, satellite navigation devices ("GPS").
Serbian League East
Serbian League East (Serbian: Српска лига Исток / Srpska liga Istok) is one of four sections of the Serbian League, third tier of professional football in Serbia. The other three sections are Serbian League Belgrade, Serbian League Vojvodina and Serbian League West. It is also the highest regional league for the eastern part of Serbia.

The league was founded in 2003 following a merger between the Serbian League Niš and the Serbian League Timok.

Serbian League Belgrade
Serbian League Belgrade (Serbian: Српска лига Београд / Srpska liga Beograd) is one of four sections of the Serbian League, the third tier of professional football in Serbia. The other three sections are Serbian League East, Serbian League Vojvodina and Serbian League West.
Amir Abbas Fakhravar
Amir Abbas Fakhravar (Persian: امیرعباس فخرآور) is an Iranian dissident and former research fellow at the Center for the Study of Culture and Security at The Institute of World Politics. Fakhravar served as the Secretary General of the Confederation of Iranian Students and President of the "Iranian Freedom Institute" in Washington, D.C.

Currently, Fakhravar is the Senate Chairman of National Iranian Congress (NIC) an organization opposing the Islamic Republic regime in Iran.

National Iranian Congress
National Iranian Congress (NIC) (Persian: کنگره ملی ایرانیان) is a U.S.-based political organization founded in 2013. Led by Amir Abbas Fakhravar as an offshoot of his Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS), it is a proponent of regime change in Iran and has drafted a constitution for the future regime. It is cofounded by Arzhang Davoodi.

Amir Abbas Fakhravar visited Knesset of Israel in 2012.
Westside Gunn
Alvin Lamar Worthy (born July 27, 1982), known professionally as Westside Gunn, is an American rapper, fashion designer and professional wrestling promoter. He co-founded the hip-hop record label Griselda Records in 2012 with his half-brother Conway the Machine and their cousin Benny the Butcher.

Since 2005, he has released five studio albums, in addition to a wide catalog of mixtapes and extended plays. Gunn was affiliated with Shady Records from 2017 to 2020, but has since returned to independent work.

Shady Records
Shady Records is an American record label founded by rapper Eminem and his manager Paul Rosenberg in 1999, following the commercially successful release of The Slim Shady LP that same year. The label's name comes from the last name of Eminem's alter ego, Slim Shady.

The Shady Records roster was showcased on their 2006 compilation album, Eminem Presents: The Re-Up, which peaked at number 2 on the Billboard 200. The label's roster was also predominantly featured on the soundtrack to the film 8 Mile; the film starred Eminem while the album was led by the single "Lose Yourself". The song became the first hip hop song to win an Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Shady Records has signed and released projects for acts including Eminem himself, his group D12, Obie Trice, 50 Cent, Cashis, Bad Meets Evil, Slaughterhouse, Yelawolf, Griselda, Westside Gunn, Conway the Machine and Grip; its roster as of 2025 includes Westside Boogie and Ez Mil.
Zhang Ruoxu
Zhang Ruoxu (Chinese: 張若虛; Wade–Giles: Chang Jo-hsü; ca. 660 – ca. 720) was a Chinese poet of the early Tang dynasty from Yangzhou in modern Jiangsu province. He is best known for "Spring River in the Flower Moon Night" (Chun Jiang Hua Yue Ye, 春江花月夜), one of the most distinctive and influential Tang poems, which has inspired numerous later artworks.

Tang poetry
Tang poetry (traditional Chinese: 唐詩; simplified Chinese: 唐诗; pinyin: Tángshī) refers to poetry written in or around the time of, or in the characteristic style of, China's Tang dynasty (June 18, 618 – June 4, 907, including the 690–705 reign of Wu Zetian), and/or follows a certain style, often considered as the Golden Age of Chinese poetry. The Complete Tang Poems includes over 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 authors. During the Tang dynasty, poetry continued to be an important part of social life at all levels of society. Scholars were required to master poetry for the civil service exams, but the art was theoretically available to everyone. This led to a large record of poetry and poets, a partial record of which survives today. The two most famous poets of the period were Li Bai and Du Fu. The Qing dynasty selection, Three Hundred Tang Poems, has made Tang poetry familiar to educated Chinese in modern times.
Ji-In Cho
Ji-In Cho (born 30 December 1976) is a German heavy metal singer of Korean descent. She has been the lead vocalist of the symphonic metal band Krypteria since December 2004 until their hiatus after her pregnancy. Following this, she became the lead vocalist of And Then She Came, a band consisting of most of the former members of Krypteria.

And Then She Came
And Then She Came is a German rock band from Aachen. The band was formed as Krypteria, a gothic metal band. Originating from a 2001 "pop musical theatre studio project" of the same name, the idea was to use different vocalists, though German-Korean singer Ji-In Cho assumed the role of lead vocalist in 2004. One self-titled studio album was released under this moniker (later edited and re-released as Liberatio). The group went on hiatus in 2012, reformed as And Then She Came in 2016, and turned back into Krypteria in 2025.
2022 Xfinity 500
The 2022 Xfinity 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on October 30, 2022, at Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia. Contested over 500 laps on the .526 mile (.847 km) short track, it was the 35th race of the 2022 NASCAR Cup Series season, the ninth race of the Playoffs, and final race of the Round of 8.

This race, won by Christopher Bell, was noted for Ross Chastain's "Hail Melon" finish, in which Chastain rode the wall in a move described as similar to those done in racing video games to secure a fourth-place finish that locked him to the Championship 4 race. Chastain's move also set an all-new track record.

Ross Chastain
Ross Lee Chastain (born December 4, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing, part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 32 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Jordan Anderson Racing and No. 9 Chevrolet SS for JR Motorsports, and part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 45 Chevrolet Silverado RST for Niece Motorsports. He is the older brother of fellow NASCAR driver Chad Chastain.
Entscheidungsproblem
In mathematics and computer science, the Entscheidungsproblem (German for 'decision problem'; pronounced [ɛntˈʃaɪ̯dʊŋspʁoˌbleːm]) is a challenge posed by David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann in 1928. It asks for an algorithm that considers an inputted statement and answers "yes" or "no" according to whether it is universally valid, i.e., valid in every structure. Such an algorithm was proven to be impossible by Alonzo Church and Alan Turing in 1936.

David Hilbert
David Hilbert  (/ˈhɪlbərt/; German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.

Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas including invariant theory, the calculus of variations, commutative algebra, algebraic number theory, the foundations of geometry, spectral theory of operators and its application to integral equations, mathematical physics, and the foundations of mathematics (particularly proof theory). He adopted and defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. In 1900, he presented a collection of problems that set a course for mathematical research of the 20th century.

Hilbert and his students contributed to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. He was a co-founder of proof theory and mathematical logic.
Gene Amdahl
Gene Myron Amdahl (November 16, 1922 – November 10, 2015) was an American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur, chiefly known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation. He formulated Amdahl's law, which states a fundamental limitation of parallel computing.

Amdahl's law
In computer architecture, Amdahl's law (or Amdahl's argument) is a formula limiting the speedup of a task as resources are added to the system executing that task.

The law can be stated as:

the overall performance improvement gained by optimizing a single part of a system is limited by the fraction of time that the improved part is actually used.

It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl, and was presented at the American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967.

Amdahl's law is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical speedup when using multiple processors.
Coat of arms of Bahrain
The coat of arms of Bahrain was originally designed in 1932 by Charles Belgrave, the British adviser to the Shaikh of Bahrain. The design has undergone slight modifications since then, namely in 1971 and 2002, when mantling and the indentations of the chief were modified respectively, but the influence of the original design is still clearly visible in the modern blazon. The most recent modification happened in 2022 when King Hamad Al-Khalifa issued a decree-law adding the royal crown to the national emblem.

The arms act as a governmental and national symbol in addition to being the personal arms of the king; only the king, however, may display the royal crown ensigning the coat of arms.

Arms of dominion
Arms of dominion are the arms borne both by a monarch and the state in a monarchy.

In this respect they are both the national arms and the arms of the nation's monarch, who is the monarchy's sovereign, and are thus simultaneously the personal arms of the monarch and the arms of the state over which the monarch reigns.
Darya Popova
Darya Popova (Ukrainian: Дар'я Сергіївна Попова; born 29 September 2001) is a Ukrainian ice dancer. With her former skating partner, Volodymyr Byelikov, she is the 2017 Volvo Open Cup silver medalist and 2019 Ukrainian national champion on the senior level. The team has finished within the top twelve at two World Junior Championships (2017, 2018).

Volodymyr Byelikov
Volodymyr Byelikov (Ukrainian: Володимир Едуардович Бєліков; born 1 December 1998) is a Ukrainian ice dancer who most recently competed for Israel with Shira Ichilov. With his former skating partner, Darya Popova, he is the 2017 Volvo Open Cup silver medalist and 2019 Ukrainian national champion on the senior level. The team has finished within the top twelve at two World Junior Championships (2017, 2018).
Oconee County, South Carolina
Oconee County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,607. Its county seat is Walhalla and its largest community is Seneca. Oconee County is included in the Seneca, SC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area. South Carolina Highway 11, the Cherokee Foothills National Scenic Highway, begins in southern Oconee County at Interstate Highway 85 at the Georgia state line.

South Carolina Highway 11
South Carolina Highway 11 (SC 11), also known as the Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway, is a 119.850-mile (192.880 km) state highway through the far northern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina, following the southernmost peaks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The route is surrounded by peach orchards, quaint villages, and parks. It is an alternative to Interstate 85 (I-85) and has been featured by such publications as National Geographic, Rand McNally, and Southern Living.