hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atyap
The Atyap (Tyap: A̱tyap, singular: A̱tyotyap; exonyms: Jju: Ba̱tyap; Hausa: Kataf, Katab) are an ethnic group found majorly in Zangon-Kataf, Kaura and Jema'a Local Government Areas of southern Kaduna State and Riyom of Plateau State, Nigeria. They speak the Tyap language, one of the Central Plateau languages.

Tyap
Tyap is a regionally important dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria's Middle Belt, named after its prestige dialect. It is also known by its Hausa exonym as Katab or Kataf. It is also known by the names of its dialectical varieties including Sholyio, Fantswam, Gworok, Takad, "Mabatado" (Tyap 'proper'), Tyeca̱rak and Tyuku (Tuku). In spite of being listed separately from the Tyap cluster, Jju's separation, according to Blench R.M. (2018), seems to be increasingly ethnic rather than a linguistic reality.
Coastal fortifications of Jersey
Jersey is a heavily fortified island with coastal fortifications that date to the English Civil War, the Napoleonic Wars, and Nazi Germany's occupation of the Channel Islands. The fortifications include castles, forts, towers, Martello towers, artillery batteries, and seawalls. Not infrequently, fortifications from one period are built on the site of earlier fortifications, or very near them, geography having remained the same even when firepower increased.

As of 2013, some of the fortifications are museums, or holiday accommodation, private homes, and event and sport venues. Most are under the control of the States of Jersey, Jersey Heritage, the National Trust for Jersey, and the Channel Islands Occupation Society.

Martello tower
A Martello tower is a type of small defensive fort that was built across the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the French Revolutionary Wars onwards. Most were for coastal defense.

A Martello tower stands up to 40 feet (12 m) high, with two floors and a typical garrison of one officer and 15–25 men. The round structure and thick solid masonry walls made it resistant to cannon fire, while its height made it an ideal platform for a single heavy artillery piece, mounted on the flat roof and able to traverse over a complete 360 degrees. A few towers had moats or other batteries and works attached for extra defence.

The Martello tower was used during the first half of the 19th century, but became obsolete with the introduction of powerful rifled artillery. Many have survived to the present day, often preserved as historic monuments.
Shamkir FC
Shamkir Football Club (Azerbaijani: Şəmkir Futbol Klubu) was an Azerbaijani football club based in Şəmkir, that currently plays in the Azerbaijan First Division. The club is one of the oldest and most successful clubs in Azerbaijan's football history with two Azerbaijan Premier League titles.

Shamkir (city)
40°49′47″N 46°01′08″E﻿ / ﻿40.82972°N 46.01889°E﻿ / 40.82972; 46.01889

Shamkir (Azerbaijani: Şəmkir), known historically as Annenfeld, is a city in and the capital of Shamkir District in western Azerbaijan, located in the northern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, on the coast of the Chagirchay River on Tbilisi-Yevlakh highway, about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) from Dallar railway station. It is the eighth most populous city in Azerbaijan.
Olympias (daughter of Robert Guiscard)
Helena, born Olympias, was a daughter of the Norman duke of Apulia, Robert Guiscard, and the Lombard noblewoman Sikelgaita. From 1074 until 1078, she was the fiancée of the Byzantine co-emperor Constantine Doukas.

Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)
Constantine Doukas or Ducas (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Δούκας, romanized: Kōnstantīnos Doúkās; c. 1074 – 12 August 1094) was Byzantine junior emperor from 1074 to 1078, and again from 1081 to 1087. He was born to Emperor Michael VII Doukas and Empress Maria of Alania in about 1074, and elevated to junior emperor probably in the same year. He was junior emperor until 1078, when Michael VII was replaced by Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Because Constantine was not made junior emperor under Nikephoros III, his betrothal to Olympias, the daughter of Robert Guiscard, was broken, which Robert Guiscard used as a pretext to invade the Byzantine Empire. John Doukas forced Nikephoros to abdicate in favor of Alexios I Komnenos in 1081, and shortly afterwards Alexios elevated Constantine to junior emperor. Constantine married Alexios's daughter Anna Komnene, and remained junior emperor until 1087, when Alexios had a son, John II Komnenos. Constantine died in c. 1095.
Chagai Hills
The Chagai Hills is a granite mountain range located in the Chagai District in Balochistan, Pakistan.: 97  The Chagai Hills face the border wall at the Durand Line– the official name of Afghanistan–Pakistan border.: 45

The highest peak, Malik Naru, at the Chagai Hills is measured at 7,915 feet (2,412 m) and is a site of volcanic Koh-i-Sultan.: 2 : 205

Chagai District
Chaghi District (Balochi: چاگۓ دمگ; Urdu: ضلع چاغی), also known as Chaghi District, is the largest district of Pakistan by area, located in the northwestern corner of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The district shares its border with two countries: Afghanistan and Iran.
Alexander, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau
Alexander, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau (born August 15, 1969), known professionally as Alexander von Schönburg, is a German journalist and writer. He is, after his older brother Carl's abdication, the current head of the comital branch of the princely House of Schönburg.

Gloria von Thurn und Taxis
Gloria, Dowager Princess of Thurn and Taxis (Mariae Gloria Ferdinanda Joachima Josephine Wilhelmine Huberta; born Countess Gloria von Schönburg-Glauchau, 23 February 1960) is a German socialite, businesswoman, Catholic activist, art collector, and artist. Upon the death of her husband, Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, she took on the management of Schloss St. Emmeram and the enterprises of the House of Thurn and Taxis. She has been an advocate for Traditionalist Catholicism, particularly the continuation of the Tridentine Mass.
Dymi, Achaea
Dymi (Greek: Δύμη) is a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality West Achaea, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 71.553 km2. Its seat of administration was the town of Kato Achaia. It is located 20 km southwest of Patras.

Alissos
Alissos (Greek: Αλισσός) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Dymi, Achaea, Greece. It is located near the Gulf of Patras, 3 km east of Kato Achaia, 3 km southwest of Kaminia and 17 km southwest of Patras. The community consists of the villages Alissos, Kamenitsa, Paralia Alissou and Profitis Elissaios. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos) and the railway from Patras to Pyrgos run between Alissos and Paralia Alissou.
PNS Makran
Pakistan Navy Station Makran, (reporting name: PNS Makran formerly known as Coastal Naval Air Station, Pasni, is a naval air station and a military airport located in the Coastal city of Pasni, Balochistan.

It is one of Pakistan Navy's four active Naval Air Arm airbases in Balochistan, Pakistan

Pakistan Naval Air Arm
The Pakistan Naval Air Arm (unofficially: Pakistan Naval Aviation) is the naval aviation and military administrative branch of the Pakistan Navy.

The air arm is tasked with providing configuration of all naval aviation aircraft and is responsible for conducting the land-based strike capability, fleet air defense, evacuation and extraction, search and rescue, maritime reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare.

The Commander Naval Aviation (COMNAV) command is usually held by a one-star ranking officer at Commodore rank who directs the field operations of the naval aviation.
Kushma
Kushma is a small city and the headquarter of Parbat District in Nepal. Kushma municipality was formed by merging thirteen village development committees  Pang, Khurkot, Durlung, Shivalaya, Chuwa, Katuwa Chaupari, Pipaltari and Pakuwa on 18 May 2014.

This city lies in the western part of Nepal just about 57 km from  Pokhara and 12 km from Baglung. Kushma falls under Western Development Region and Dhaulagiri Zone of Nepal. It is located at 28°13'06N 83°40'45E at an altitude of 1294  meters. Kusma Bazaar straddling a narrow and high strip of land between the banks of Kaligandaki and Modi is the main market centre of the municipality. A bridge joins Kushma with Gyadichour located on the other side of the deep Modi river canyon.

Baglung
Baglung is a municipality in Gandaki Province, in western Nepal, 275 km (171 mi) west of Kathmandu. It is the administrative headquarters of Baglung District. Baglung serves as the major center for business, finance, education, service and healthcare for the people of mid-Kali Gandaki valley that encompass Beni, Jaljala, Baglung, Kushma, Kathekhola, Galkot, Phalewas and Jaimuni local bodies. The city is located at the cross-section of Kaligandaki corridor highway and midhill highway that transverse Nepal in north–south and east–west directions respectively.
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow, Graf von Dennewitz (16 February 1755 – 25 February 1816) was a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars. He received the victory title Graf von Dennewitz, 'Count of Dennewitz', for saving Berlin at the village of the same name.

Battle of Dennewitz
The Battle of Dennewitz (German: Schlacht von Dennewitz) took place on 6 September 1813 between French forces commanded by Marshal Michel Ney and the Sixth Coalition's Allied Army of the North commanded by Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden, Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow and Bogislav von Tauentzien. It occurred in Dennewitz, a village in the Prussian province of Brandenburg, near Jüterbog, 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Berlin. The battle marked a turning point in the German Campaign of 1813 as not only did the Allied victory end Napoleon's hopes of capturing Berlin and knocking Prussia out of the war, but the severity of the French defeat, inflicted by a primarily Prussian force, also led to the erosion of fidelity of German allies to the Napoleonic cause. The French losses, and consequent diplomatic reverses, that resulted from Dennewitz contributed greatly to Napoleon's defeat a month later at the Battle of Leipzig.
Singida Region
Singida Region (Mkoa wa Singida in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. It covers a land area of 49,340 km2 (19,050 sq mi), comparable in size to the nation of Slovakia. The region is bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, to the northeast by Manyara Region, to the east by Dodoma Region, to the southeast by Iringa Region, to the southwest by Mbeya Region and to the west by Tabora Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Singida. 
According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,008,058.

Tabora Region
Tabora Region  (Mkoa wa Tabora in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions located in mid-western part of Tanzania. The regional capital is the municipality of Tabora. Tabora  is bordered by Shinyanga to the north, Singida to the east, Mbeya and Songwe to the south. lastly, Katavi, Kigoma and Geita, border Tabora to the west. Tabora is by far the largest region in Tanzania by area. Most of the population in the region is concentrated in the north in Nzega district. According to the 2022 national census, Tabora Region had a population of 3,391,679.
Turks in Sweden
Turks in Sweden or Swedish Turks (Swedish: Turkar i Sverige; Turkish: İsveç Türkleri) are people of ethnic Turkish origin living in Sweden. The majority of Swedish Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however there has also been significant Turkish migration waves from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to Sweden from the Balkans (e.g. from Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Romania), the island of Cyprus, and more recently Iraq and Syria.

In 2009 the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 100,000 people in Sweden with a Turkish background, and a further 10,000 Swedish-Turks living in Turkey. Many Turks in Sweden have double citizenship and 37,000 are registered voters in Turkey.

Turks in North Macedonia
Turks in North Macedonia, also known as Turkish Macedonians and Macedonian Turks, (Macedonian: Македонски Турци, romanized: Makedonski Turci, Turkish: Makedonya Türkleri) are the ethnic Turks who constitute the third-largest ethnic group in the Republic of North Macedonia. According to the 2021 census, there were 70,961 Turks living in the country, forming a minority of some 3.86% of the population. The community forms a majority in Centar Župa and Plasnica.
5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO, commonly pronounced "five-five-six") is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire intermediate cartridge family developed in the late 1970s in Belgium by FN Herstal. It consists of the SS109, L110, and SS111 cartridges. On 28 October 1980, under STANAG 4172, it was standardized as the second standard service rifle cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. Though they are not identical, the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge family was derived from the .223 Remington cartridge designed by Remington Arms in the early 1960s, which has a near-identical case. However, firing chamber dimensions differ slightly between rifles manufactured for the designated cartridges. The differences may cause unsafe chamber pressures when firing 5.56 NATO in rifles designed for .223 Remington. Therefore, this combination is not recommended.

.223 Remington
The .223 Remington, also known as 223 Remington by SAAMI  and 223 Rem. by the C.I.P., (pronounced "two-two-three") is a rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire intermediate cartridge. It was developed in 1957 by Remington Arms and Fairchild Industries for the U.S. Continental Army Command of the United States Army as part of a project to create a small-caliber, high-velocity firearm. Firing a .2245 in (5.70 mm) projectile, the .223 Remington is considered one of the most popular common-use cartridges and is used by a wide range of semi-automatic and manual-action rifles.
Otto Röhm
Otto Karl Julius Röhm (German: [ʁøːm]; 14 March 1876, Öhringen, Germany – 17 September 1939, Berlin) was one of the founders and a longtime president of the Röhm und Haas chemical company which became later in the USA the Rohm and Haas (today Dow Chemical) and in Germany the Röhm GmbH (today Evonik Degussa).

Rohm and Haas
Rohm and Haas Company is a US manufacturer of specialty chemicals for end use markets such as building and construction, electronic devices, packaging, household and personal care products. Headquartered in Philadelphia, the company is organized into three business groups of Specialty Materials, Performance Materials and Electronic Materials, and also has two stand-alone businesses of Powder Coatings and Salt. Formerly a Fortune 500 Company, Rohm and Haas employs more than 17,000 people in 27 countries, with its last sales revenue reported as an independent company at US$8.9 billion.  Dow Chemical Company bought Rohm and Haas for $15 billion in 2009.
Rolan Bell
Rolan Alfonso Bell (born 17 October 1983) is a Laurence Olivier Award nominated British actor who was born in West London, of Jamaican and Nigerian origin. He became known for appearing in the BBC One television soap opera EastEnders as Theo Kelly in 2009, and the role of Sgt King (Kingy) in the BBC drama Our Girl.

He is currently playing the part of Ike Turner in Tina (musical) at the Aldwych Theatre in the West End. Prior to this he played the part of Robert in The Play That Goes Wrong at the Duchess Theatre.

Tina (musical)
Tina: The Tina Turner Musical is a jukebox musical featuring the music of Tina Turner and depicting her life from her humble beginnings in Nutbush, Tennessee, to her transformation into a rock 'n roll superstar. Directed by Phyllida Lloyd with a book by Katori Hall, Frank Ketelaar, and Kees Prins, the musical had its world premiere on 17 April 2018 at the Aldwych Theatre in London. The Broadway production opened on 7 November 2019.
Prolyl isomerase
Prolyl isomerase (also known as peptidylprolyl isomerase or PPIase) is an enzyme (EC 5.2.1.8) found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that interconverts the cis and trans isomers of peptide bonds with the amino acid proline. Proline has an unusually conformationally restrained peptide bond due to its cyclic structure with its side chain bonded to its secondary amine nitrogen. Most amino acids have a strong energetic preference for the trans peptide bond conformation due to steric hindrance, but proline's unusual structure stabilizes the cis form so that both isomers are populated under biologically relevant conditions. Proteins with prolyl isomerase activity include cyclophilin, FKBPs, and parvulin, although larger proteins can also contain prolyl isomerase domains.

Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group -NH2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated form (NH2+) under biological conditions, while the carboxyl group is in the deprotonated −COO− form. The "side chain" from the α carbon connects to the nitrogen forming a pyrrolidine loop, classifying it as a aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate. It is encoded by all the codons starting with CC (CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG).

Proline is the only proteinogenic amino acid which is a secondary amine, as the nitrogen atom is attached both to the α-carbon and to a chain of three carbons that together form a five-membered ring.
2025–26 Mumbai Super League
The 2025–26 Mumbai Super League represents the 3rd tier of the Maharashtra football league system and the 7th tier of the Indian football pyramid. It is part of the Mumbai Football League, run by the Mumbai Football Association. The top three teams at the end of the playoffs are promoted to the Mumbai Premier League.

Mumbai Soccer Prodigies were crowned champions after the 2024–25 season. Waves FC and Mumbai Ultras finished second and third and were promoted to the 2025–26 Mumbai Premier League.

The MFA Independence Cup opened the 2025-26 Mumbai Super League season. The final of the men's editions, played on 15 August, was won by KSA Juniors. Bombay Gymkhana won the inaugural women's edition.

2025–26 Mumbai Premier League
The 2025–26 Mumbai Premier League is the 113th season of the regional football league run by the Mumbai Football Association in Mumbai. It represents the sixth tier of the Indian football league system after formation of the Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League. India On Track FC are the defending champions.
Tricia Collins
Tricia Collins is an American art critic, art gallerist and curator of contemporary art. She was half of the curatorial team Collins & Milazzo, with Richard Milazzo, who together co-published and co-edited Effects : Magazine for New Art Theory from 1982 to 1984. She later ran the art galleries Grand Salon, Tricia Collins Grand Salon, and Tricia Collins Contemporary Art in New York City until the year 2000.

Collins & Milazzo exhibitions
The Collins & Milazzo exhibitions were a series of art exhibitions curated by the team Tricia Collins and Richard Milazzo, mainly in New York in the mid-1980s to early 1990s.

From 1982 to 1984 the pair founded, edited and published Effects : Magazine for New Art Theory.: 191  Drawing on their experience with the magazine, in 1984  Collins & Milazzo began working together as curators to transform the group show into a critical statement. Collins & Milazzo brought to prominence a new generation of artists in the 1980s. It was their exhibitions and writings that originally fashioned the theoretical context for a new kind of Post-conceptual art that argued simultaneously against Neo-Expressionism and the Neo-pop Picture Theory work of The Pictures Generation. It was through this context that the work of many of the artists associated with Neo-Conceptualism (or what the critics reductively called Simulationism and Neo Geo) was first brought together.
Al Maha Airways
Al Maha Airways was a planned subsidiary airline of Qatar Airways to serve the Saudi Arabian travel market. It was based initially at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, and then at Hamad International Airport in Doha. The beginning of operations was postponed several times following its initial announcement in 2014, and then cancelled entirely by February 2017 following issues obtaining its operational license and the Qatar diplomatic crisis.

Qatar Airways
Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C. (Arabic: الخطوط الجوية القطرية, al-Qaṭariyya), operating as Qatar Airways, is the flag carrier of Qatar. It was established by the government of Qatar in 1993, and has been 100% state-owned since 2013. Headquartered in the Qatar Airways Tower in Doha, the airline operates a hub-and-spoke network, with 170 international routes from its base at Hamad International Airport.  The airline currently operates a fleet of more than 200 aircraft. Qatar Airways Group employs more than 43,000 people. The carrier has been a member of the Oneworld alliance since October 2013, and the official company slogan has been "Going Places Together", since 2015. The airline has faced controversies over employee pay and working conditions, as well as accusations of bribery to European politicians.
175th Tunnelling Company
The 175th Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.

3rd Canadian Tunnelling Company
The 3rd Canadian Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Canadian Military Engineers during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.
Brooke Castile
Brooke Castile (born May 31, 1986) is an American former competitive pair skater. With Benjamin Okolski, she is the 2008 Four Continents bronze medalist, 2007 Nebelhorn Trophy champion, and 2007 U.S. national champion.

Benjamin Okolski
Benjamin Okolski (born November 12, 1984) is an American former pair skater. With Brooke Castile, he is the 2008 Four Continents bronze medalist, 2007 Nebelhorn Trophy champion, and 2007 U.S. national champion.