hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1897 Red River flood
The 1897 Red River flood took place in April 1897, along the Red River resulting in significant damage to the city of Fargo, North Dakota. The conditions which led to the flood of 1897 were similar to the conditions behind the 2009 flood, however the 1897 flood was different in terms of the human response to it.  Although the river gauge was not installed on the Red River until 1901, other sources indicate that the crest of the 1897 flood at a site 1.5 miles (2.4 km) downstream from the present Fargo gauge would have been 40.10 ft (with a discharge rate of 25,000 ft3/s) according to the present datum.

Until the 2009 flood, the 1897 flood was the highest water recorded in the Fargo-Moorhead area and has since served as the benchmark for which many other floods of the Red River were measured against.

2009 Red River flood
The 2009 Red River flood along the Red River of the North in North Dakota and Minnesota in the United States and Manitoba in Canada brought record flood levels to the Fargo-Moorhead area. The flood was a result of saturated and frozen ground, spring snowmelt exacerbated by additional rain and snow storms, and virtually flat terrain. Communities along the Red River prepared for more than a week as the U.S. National Weather Service continuously updated the predictions for the city of Fargo, North Dakota, with an increasingly higher projected river crest. Originally predicted to reach a level of near 43 feet (13 m) at Fargo by March 29, the river in fact crested at 40.84 feet (12.45 m) at 12:15 a.m. March 28, and started a slow decline.  The river continued to rise to the north as the crest moved downstream.
Crop milk
Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds in some species that is regurgitated to young birds. It is found among all pigeons and doves, where it is also referred to as pigeon milk. Crop milk is also secreted from the crop of flamingos and male emperor penguins, suggesting independent evolution of this trait. Unlike in mammals where typically only females produce milk, crop milk is produced by both males and females in pigeons and flamingos; and in penguins, only by the male.

Lactation in birds is controlled by prolactin, which is the same hormone that causes lactation in mammals. Crop milk is a holocrine secretion non-sex specific in response to brooding unlike in mammals where milk is an apocrine secretion. Crop milk contains both fat and protein, as with mammalian milk, but unlike mammalian milk, it contains no carbohydrates.

Crop (anatomy)
The crop (also the croup, the craw, the ingluvies, and the sublingual pouch) is a thin-walled, expanded portion of the alimentary tract, which is used for the storage of food before digestion. The crop is an anatomical structure in vertebrate animals, such as birds, and invertebrate animals, such as gastropods (snails and slugs), earthworms, leeches, and insects.
Wan Chai
Wan Chai (Chinese: 灣仔) is located in the western part of Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is bounded by Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west, and Bowen Road to the south. The area north of Gloucester Road is often called Wan Chai North.

Wan Chai is one of the busiest commercial areas in Hong Kong with offices of many small and medium-sized companies. Wan Chai North features office towers, parks, hotels and an international conference and exhibition centre. Wan Chai is also well known for its famous night life which has evolved over decades. As one of the first areas developed in Hong Kong, the locale is densely populated but facing urban decay. The government has undertaken several urban renewal projects in recent years. There are various landmarks and skyscrapers within the area, most notably the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Central Plaza and Hopewell Centre.

Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre
The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC) is one of the two major convention and exhibition venues in Hong Kong, along with AsiaWorld–Expo. It is located in Wan Chai North, Hong Kong Island. Built along the Victoria Harbour, it is linked by covered walkways to nearby hotels and commercial buildings. The venue was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, in association with Wong & Ouyang (HK) Ltd. Larry Oltmanns led the design as the Design Partner with SOM.
Such Tweet Sorrow
Such Tweet Sorrow was a modern-day adaptation of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet in tweets. During the period of five weeks (April 10, 2010 – May 12, 2010) six professional actors performed the play on Twitter and other web devices. The actors improvised around a prepared story grid and could interact with each other and react to followers, fans, real events and comments via Twitter. The play was a cooperation between the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Mudlark Production Company.

Mudlark (company)
Mudlark was a Sheffield-based production company launched in 2010 that developed Chromaroma, a game that used players' Oyster cards and Barclays Cycle Hire accounts.

Points were awarded depending on the stations and journeys users complete on the London Underground and London Buses, as well as using "Boris bikes". It was described by its creators, Mudlark, as "location-based top trumps", and encouraged competition through leaderboards.

The game was launched to the public on 30 November 2010, when snow closed Gatwick Airport and caused severe delays on London's tube network. It was funded by Channel 4's 4ip Digital Investment fund.

Mudlark was also noted for developing, writing and performing Such Tweet Sorrow with the Royal Shakespeare Company.
Ontario Retirement Pension Plan
The Ontario Retirement Pension Plan (ORPP) was a proposed social insurance program for Ontario, Canada to complement the national Canada Pension Plan. It was intended to cover the 3.5 million workers in Ontario who would not receive a comparable workplace pension after their retirement. Plans to implement the ORPP were cancelled in 2016 following an agreement between the federal government and the provinces to expand the Canada Pension Plan.

Canada Pension Plan
The Canada Pension Plan (CPP; French: Régime de pensions du Canada) is a contributory, earnings-related social insurance program. It is one of the two major components of Canada's public retirement income system, the other being Old Age Security (OAS). Other parts of Canada's retirement system are private pensions, either employer-sponsored or from tax-deferred individual savings (known in Canada as a registered retirement savings plan). As of June 30, 2024, CPP Investments (CPPIB) manages over C$646 billion in investment assets for the Canada Pension Plan on behalf of 22 million Canadians. CPPIB is one of the world's largest pension funds.
Duota language
Duota (Chinese: 多塔) is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Duota is spoken in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County, and Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County.

In Yuanjiang County, Duota is spoken in Mili 咪哩乡 and Yangchajie 羊岔街乡 townships (Yuxi 1992:97). Duota is classified as a Haoni language in Yuxi (1992:97), along with Asuo and Budu of Yinyuan Town 因远镇. Li & Minta (2016:157-182) classify the Duota language of Mili Village, Mili Township 咪哩乡, Yuanjiang County as belonging to the Haoni-Baihong language cluster, and include a word list of Duota transcribed using Chinese characters. The Duota are separate from the Duoke 堕课 people of the two hamlets of Xiaogancha 小甘岔 and Xinzhai 新寨 villages near Mili Village 咪哩村 (Li & Minta 2016:8).

Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County
Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County (Chinese: 元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县; pinyin: Yuánjiāng Hānízú Yízú Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn; Hani: Lalsa Haqniqssaq Haqhholssaq Aqcaoqssaq Ziiqziifxeif) is a county of south-central Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. The county seat is the town of Lijiang (澧江镇), while the county itself is under the administration of Yuxi City. It derives its name from the Red River (Asia), which is known as the Yuan River (元江) in Yunnan, and is an important provincial crossroads for access to Southeast Asia.

Yuanjiang borders Shiping County to the east, Honghe County to the south, Mojiang County to the west and Xinping County to the north.
Southend Airport railway station
Southend Airport railway station is a stop on the Shenfield to Southend Line in the East of England; it serves London Southend Airport, the village of Sutton and northern parts of Southend-on-Sea, Essex. It is 39 miles 44 chains (63.65 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Rochford and Prittlewell. Train services provide an airport rail link between Southend Airport and Central London.

The station is managed by London Southend Airport but the trains serving it are operated by Greater Anglia. The Engineer's Line Reference for the line is SSV; the station's three-letter station code is SIA. The platforms have an operational length for 12-coach trains.

Prittlewell railway station
Prittlewell railway station is on the Shenfield to Southend Line in the East of England, serving the residential district of Prittlewell in Southend-on-Sea, Essex. It is 40 miles 67 chains (65.72 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Southend Airport and Southend Victoria stations. The Engineer's Line Reference for the line is SSV; the station's three-letter station code is PRL. The platforms have an operational length for 12-coach trains.
Mathieu Chouinard
Mathieu Chouinard (born April 11, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played one game in the National Hockey League, with the Los Angeles Kings during the 2003–04 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 2000 to 2006, was spent in the minor leagues. He was selected by the Ottawa Senators 15th overall in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft, and after failing to agree to a contract re-entered the draft, and in 2000 was again selected by the Senators, 45th overall.

2000 NHL entry draft
The 2000 NHL entry draft was the 38th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 24 and 25, 2000, at the Pengrowth Saddledome in Calgary, Alberta, following the 2000 NHL expansion draft on June 23 for the Columbus Blue Jackets and Minnesota Wild. This was the second NHL Entry Draft in which a goaltender was taken first overall (at that point), when the New York Islanders selected Rick DiPietro with the first overall pick. Previously, Michel Plasse was selected first overall in the 1968 NHL amateur draft.

12 players from this draft have won one or more Stanley Cup in their careers: Justin Williams, Ron Hainsey, Antoine Vermette, Marian Gaborik, Brooks Orpik, Niklas Kronwall, Travis Moen, Niclas Wallin, Mike Rupp, Andreas Lilja, Tomas Kopecky, and Ilya Bryzgalov.

The last active players in the NHL from this draft class were Deryk Engelland, Ron Hainsey, Henrik Lundqvist and Justin Williams, who all played their last NHL games in the 2019–20 season.
Tavistock House
Tavistock House was the London home of the noted British author Charles Dickens and his family from 1851 to 1860. At Tavistock House Dickens wrote Bleak House, Hard Times, Little Dorrit and A Tale of Two Cities. He also put on amateur theatricals there which are described in John Forster's Life of Charles Dickens. Later, it was the home of William and Georgina Weldon, whose lodger was the French composer Charles Gounod, who composed part of his opera Polyeucte at the house.

Tavistock House was demolished in 1901.

William Weldon (officer of arms)
Sir William Henry Weldon KCVO FSA (c. 1837 – 25 August 1919) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. Weldon is most unusual among the heralds of the College of Arms for having once been the owner of a circus. He was involved in a long-standing and very public civil suit with his wife.
Feature group
A feature group, in North American telephone industry jargon, is most commonly used to designate various standard means of access by callers to competitive long-distance services. They defined switching arrangements from local exchange carriers central offices to interexchange carriers. These arrangements were described in Tariff No. 5 of the National Exchange Carrier Association, filed on 25 October, 1991 with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

Interexchange carrier
An interexchange carrier (IXC), in U.S. legal and regulatory terminology, is a type of telecommunications company, commonly called a long-distance telephone company. It is defined as any carrier that provides services across multiple local access and transport areas (interLATA). Calls made on telephone circuits within the local geographic area covered by one local network are handled only by that intraLATA carrier, commonly called a local telephone exchange carrier. Local calls are usually defined by connections made without additional charge whether the connected call is in the same LATA or connects to another LATA with no charge. IntraLATA usually refers to rated or toll calls between LATA within state boundaries, as opposed to interstate, or calls between LATAs in different states.
Houston (Means I'm One Day Closer to You)
"Houston (Means I'm One Day Closer to You)" is a song written by Larry Gatlin and recorded by American country music group Larry Gatlin & the Gatlin Brothers.  It was released in September 1983 as the first single from the album Houston to Denver.  The song was their third and last number-one on the country chart.  The single went to number one for two weeks and spent a total of 15 weeks on the country chart.

Larry Gatlin & the Gatlin Brothers
Larry Gatlin & the Gatlin Brothers are an American country music vocal group. The group consists of lead singer Larry Gatlin (born May 2, 1948) and his brothers, Rudy and Steve Gatlin. The group achieved considerable success within the country music genre, performing on 33 top 40 country singles.

The group is known for Larry's tenor voice and for the country songs that they recorded in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of Gatlin's greatest hits include "Broken Lady", "All the Gold in California", "Houston (Means I'm One Day Closer to You)", "She Used to Be Somebody's Baby" and "Night Time Magic". During this time, country music trended toward slick pop-music arrangements in a style that came to be known as Countrypolitan. Gatlin and the Gatlin Brothers came to prominence and enjoyed their greatest success during this period with hit singles that showcased the brothers' rich gospel-inflected harmonies and Larry's poetic lyrics.
Abbey Wood railway station
Abbey Wood is a major National Rail and Elizabeth line interchange station in Abbey Wood, south-east London, England. It lies between Plumstead and Belvedere on the North Kent Line, 11 miles 43 chains (18.6 km) from London Charing Cross. Services run via the Greenwich and Lewisham routes into central London, while Elizabeth line services operate to Paddington, Heathrow Airport and Reading via Canary Wharf and Liverpool Street. It is in London fare zone 4.

The station is managed by Transport for London and served by Southeastern, Thameslink and the Elizabeth line. It is the nearest station to Thamesmead, linked by local bus services. The station entrance is located within the London Borough of Bexley, while the platforms are in the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

Reading railway station
Reading railway station is a major transport hub in the town of Reading in Berkshire, England, it is 36 miles (58 km) west of London Paddington. It is sited on the northern edge of the town centre, near to the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames. It is the busiest station in Berkshire, and the third busiest in South East England.

Reading is the ninth busiest railway station in the UK outside London and the second busiest interchange station outside London.

The station is managed by Network Rail and is served by four train operating companies: Great Western Railway, CrossCountry, South Western Railway and the Elizabeth line.
Shoin University
Shoin University (松蔭大学, Shōin daigaku) is a private university in Atsugi, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Founded as a women's school in 1941, Shoin became coeducational in 2004. It is a member of the Western Metropolitan Area University Association.

Atsugi
Atsugi (厚木市, Atsugi-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2021, the city had an estimated population of 223,960 and a population density of 2400 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 93.83 square kilometres (36.23 sq mi). 
While the name "Atsugi" is often associated with the United States Navy base named Naval Air Facility Atsugi, the base is actually not in Atsugi, but straddles the border between the nearby cities of Ayase and Yamato.
South Side Elevated Railroad
The South Side Elevated Railroad (originally Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad) was the first elevated rapid transit line in Chicago, Illinois. The line ran from downtown Chicago to Jackson Park, with branches to Englewood, Normal Park, Kenwood, and the Union Stock Yards. The first 3.6 miles (5.8 km) of the line opened on June 6, 1892. Much of its route is still used today as part of the Green Line of the Chicago "L" system.

Stock Yards branch
The Stock Yards branch was a rapid transit line which was part of the Chicago 'L' system from 1908 to 1957. The branch served the Union Stock Yards and the Canaryville neighborhood of Chicago and consisted of eight elevated stations. It opened on April 8, 1908, and closed on October 6, 1957.
Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali
Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali (Arabic: محمد غازي الجلالي; born 22 March 1969) is a Syrian politician and civil engineer who served as the  prime minister of Syria from 14 September to 10 December 2024. He is the last person to serve as prime minister of Syria under the presidency of Bashar al-Assad and the last head of government of the Ba'athist regime. Al-Jalali is known for his transfer of power from the Assad regime to the new Syrian government.

Bashar al-Assad named him prime minister on 14 September 2024, following the 2024 parliamentary election. He previously held the position of minister of communications and information technology in the second government of Wael Nader al-Halqi from 27 August 2014 to 3 July 2016.

Following the fall of the Assad regime on 8 December, he remained in Damascus and managed the transfer of power from the government to the rebels before being replaced by Mohammed al-Bashir two days later.

2024 Syrian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Syria on 15 July 2024. The date was set by a decree issued by President Bashar al-Assad on 11 May 2024. 250 members were elected to serve a four-year term in the People's Assembly. Under the Ba'ath party, Syria's parliamentary elections occurred every four years, with the previous election held in 2020.

These were the last elections to be held in Ba'athist Syria, prior to its overthrow following the 2024 Syrian opposition offensive.
Pennzoil Place
Pennzoil Place is a set of two 36-story towers in Downtown Houston, Texas, United States. designed by Philip Johnson/John Burgee Architects from a concept by Eli Attia, a staff architect with the firm.  Completed in 1976, it is Houston's most award-winning skyscraper and is widely known for its innovative design.

John Burgee
John Burgee (born August 28, 1933) is an American architect noted for his contributions to Postmodern architecture. He was a partner of Philip Johnson from 1967 to 1991, creating together the partnership firm Johnson/Burgee Architects.  Their landmark collaborations included Pennzoil Place in Houston and the AT&T World Headquarters in New York.  Burgee eased Johnson out of the firm in 1991, and when it subsequently went bankrupt, Burgee's design career was essentially over. Burgee is retired, and resides in California.
G/O Media
G/O Media Inc. is an American media holding company that owned and operated several digital media outlets.

It was formed in 2019 after the private equity firm Great Hill Partners purchased two digital portfolios from Univision: Gizmodo Media Group (Gizmodo, Jezebel, Deadspin, Lifehacker, Splinter, The Root, Kotaku, and Jalopnik) and the Onion portfolio (The Onion, ClickHole, The A.V. Club, and The Takeout). Since 2023, the company has sold off many of its outlets, including The Onion and Gizmodo, which were the source of "the G and O of its name". By October 2025, it had no remaining outlets and was in the process of sunsetting its operations.

Gizmodo
Gizmodo (/ɡɪzˈmoʊdoʊ/giz-MOH-doh) is a design, technology, science, and science fiction website. It was originally launched as part of the Gawker Media network run by Nick Denton. Gizmodo also includes the sub-blogs io9 and Earther, which focus on pop-culture and environmentalism, respectively.

Following the Chapter 11 bankruptcy and liquidation of Gawker Media, Univision purchased Gizmodo along with other Gawker websites in August 2016. In 2019, Univision sold the Gizmodo Media Group, which included Gizmodo, to the private equity firm Great Hill Partners.

From April 2019 to June 2024, Gizmodo was part of G/O Media. In June 2024, the website was purchased by Swiss digital media company Keleops Media.
Launière Lake
The Launière Lake is a freshwater body crossed by the Launière River in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. This body of water is located in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

The area around the lake is indirectly served by the route 175 which passes at 9.7 kilometres (6.0 mi) on the east side and runs along the west shore of Jacques-Cartier Lake. A few secondary forest roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Lac Launière is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Launière River
The Launière River is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

This watercourse is located in the south center of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. This valley is indirectly accessible by the Antonio-Talbot road. Secondary forest roads serve the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

The surface of the Launière River (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.