hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Sokolovo
The Battle of Sokolovo took place on 8 and 9 March 1943, near the village of Sokolovo (Ukrainian: Соколове, Sokolove) near Kharkiv in Ukraine when the ongoing attack of the Wehrmacht was delayed by joint Soviet and Czechoslovak forces. It was the first time that a foreign military unit, the First Czechoslovak Independent Field Battalion, fought together with the Red Army. Under the command of Ludvík Svoboda, later President of Czechoslovakia, the Czechoslovak soldiers delayed the advance of Germans to the Mzha River. On 13 March, the position was abandoned as untenable due to the complete German encirclement of Kharkov.

1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union
The 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps (Czech: První československý armádní sbor, Slovak: Prvý československý armádny zbor), also known as Svoboda's Army (Czech: Svobodova armáda, after its commander Ludvík Svoboda), was a military formation of the Czechoslovak Army in exile fighting on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviet Red Army in World War II.

The corps was the largest of the Czechoslovak units that fought on the Soviet side on the Eastern Front.
No. 200 Squadron RAF
No. 200 Squadron of the Royal Air Force operated during the First and Second World War. The squadron was first formed in mid-1917 and during the First World War, it undertook a training role, before being disbanded in mid-1919. It was re-formed in 1941, and operated maritime patrol aircraft firstly from the United Kingdom, and then west Africa until early 1944 when it moved to India. In April 1945, the squadron was disbanded, having been renumbered No. 8 Squadron RAF.

No. 8 Squadron RAF
Number 8 Squadron (sometimes written as No. VIII Squadron) is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It is based at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland and is expected to take delivery of the Boeing E-7 Wedgetail AEW1 during 2025/26. The Wedgetail is the replacement for the Boeing E-3D Sentry which the squadron operated from until 1991 to 2021.
Core OpenGL
Core OpenGL, or CGL, is Apple Inc.'s Macintosh Quartz windowing system interface to the OS X implementation of the OpenGL specification. CGL is analogous to GLX, which is the X11 interface to OpenGL, as well as WGL, which is the Microsoft Windows interface to OpenGL.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
Gold Coast Hospital
Gold Coast Hospital, located at 98–136 Nerang Street, Southport was, from 1960 to 2013 a major teaching and Tertiary referral hospital and the third largest in Queensland. The Gold Coast Hospital had one of the busiest emergency departments in the state. The Hospital admitted over 60,000 patients annually.
It was replaced by the Gold Coast University Hospital.

Gold Coast University Hospital
Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH or GCH), also simply known as Gold Coast Uni Hospital, is a major teaching hospital and a tertiary-level district general hospital on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, opened on 28 September 2013. The hospital was built on a greenfield site adjacent to Griffith University’s Gold Coast campus at a cost of approximately A$1.8 billion.
Gay's Tavern
Gay's Tavern was a tavern in Dedham, Massachusetts. The original location was a political hotspot and the host of a political convention in 1780, while the second location (at today's 369 Washington Street) would become known by many names, including the Phoenix Hotel.

Phoenix Hotel (Dedham, Massachusetts)
The Phoenix Hotel was one of the most popular social spots in Dedham during the 19th century. It was located on the northwest corner of the High Street-Washington Street intersection in modern-day Dedham Square. Among the distinguished guests of this hotel were Andrew Jackson and James Monroe.

The hotel was named after the phoenix of mythology, as it was rebuilt after a devastating fire. It would suffer several arsons before finally burning to the ground in 1880. Before it did, it would play a role in the origins of baseball by hosting the inaugural meeting of the Massachusetts Association of Baseball Players.
Wayne Corporation
The Wayne Corporation was an American manufacturer of buses and other vehicles under the "Wayne" marque. The corporate headquarters were in Richmond, in Wayne County, Indiana. During the mid‐20th century, Wayne served as a leading producer of school buses in North America.

Among innovations introduced by the company were the first application of cutaway van chassis for a school bus and an improvement in structural integrity in bus body construction, involving the use of continuous longitudinal panels to reduce body joints; the design change happened before federal standards required stronger body structures in school buses.

After 1980, Wayne faced difficulty competing in a market with overcapacity. Declaring bankruptcy, the company discontinued operations in 1992 and its assets were liquidated. Later in 1992, the Wayne brand was reorganized as Wayne Wheeled Vehicles, doing business through 1995.

Richmond, Indiana
Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.
2021 Qatari general election
General elections were held in Qatar for the first time on 2 October 2021 to elect 30 of the 45 seats in the Consultative Assembly. The elections had originally been scheduled for the second half of 2013, before being postponed in June 2013 until at least 2016. In 2016 they were postponed again. Finally, in November 2020, Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani pledged to hold the election in October 2021.

In a 2024 referendum future elections were abolished, making this the only legislative election in Qatar's history for the foreseeable future.

2024 Qatari constitutional referendum
A referendum took place in Qatar on 5 November 2024 regarding the new revisions to the 2004 constitution. Some of the changes included strengthening the role of the emir and abolition of the elections to the Consultative Assembly, with its members being appointed instead. The referendum results were to be legally binding.
Curing (chemistry)
Curing is a chemical process employed in polymer chemistry and process engineering that produces the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains.  Even if it is strongly associated with the production of thermosetting polymers, the term "curing" can be used for all the processes where a solid product is obtained from a liquid solution, such as with PVC plastisols.

Cross-link
In chemistry and biology, a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins).

In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties.

When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies.

Although the term is used to refer to the "linking of polymer chains" for both sciences, the extent of crosslinking and specificities of the crosslinking agents vary greatly.
Hammarby IF Handboll
Hammarby IF Handboll is the handball section of Swedish sports club Hammarby IF from Stockholm. Hammarby IF currently play in Handbollsligan, Sweden's first tier.

The club won three consecutive Swedish championships from 2006 to 2008.

Hammarby IF
Hammarby Idrottsförening ("Hammarby Sports Club"), commonly known as Hammarby IF or simply Hammarby (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhâmːarˌbyː] or, especially locally, [-ˌbʏ]), is a Swedish sports club located in Stockholm, with a number of member organizations active in a variety of different sports.

It was founded in 1889 as Hammarby Roddförening ("Hammarby Rowing Association"), but by 1897 the club had diversified and was participating in different sports, leading to the renaming to Hammarby IF.

In 1999, the club was reorganized into a legal format referred to in Swedish as an alliansförening ("alliance association"), with each of the club's departments becoming a separate legal entity cooperating under the "Hammarby IF" umbrella.

As of 2020, the club had a record high number of 22,746 active members in all of its sections.
Charlotte Egerton, Countess of Bridgewater
Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater (20 November 1763 – 11 February 1849), née Charlotte Haynes, was a British noblewoman. She was known for her philanthropic and charitable acts, and supported numerous educational and religious causes. She was responsible for the laying out of the ornamental gardens around her family home at Ashridge in Hertfordshire.

Charlotte married John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater of the Egerton family in 1783 and from 1803 assumed the title Countess of Bridgewater through her marriage. After the death of her husband, she lived for a further 26 years as a dowager.

John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater
John William Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater, FRS (14 April 1753 – 21 October 1823), known as John Egerton until 1803, was a British cavalry officer, and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1777 to 1803 when he succeeded to the peerage as Earl of Bridgewater. He was from the Egerton family.
Anthony Teasdale
Anthony Teasdale, FAcSS, is a visiting professor in Practice at the European Institute of the London School of Economics (LSE) and an adjunct professor at the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University in New York. He was previously the founding Director General of the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) - otherwise known as the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (DG EPRS) - in the permanent administration of the European Parliament, a role he performed from 2013 to 2022. (The 300-strong EPRS serves members and committees as the in-house research centre and think tank of the European Parliament). Teasdale has also worked as a Special Adviser at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and HM Treasury in Whitehall, and is co-author of The Penguin Companion to European Union (fourth edition, 880 pages, 2012).

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
Vulnerable species
A vulnerable species is a species that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being threatened with extinction unless the circumstances that are threatening its survival and reproduction improve.

Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction of the species' home. Vulnerable habitat or species are monitored and can become increasingly threatened. Some species listed as "vulnerable" may be common in captivity, an example being the military macaw.

In 2012, a total of 5,196 animals and 6,789 plants were classified as vulnerable, compared with values of 2,815 and 3,222 in 1998, corresponding to increases of 85 percent and 111 percent, respectively, over a 14 year period, or about 4 percent and 5 percent a year.

Practices such as cryoconservation of animal genetic resources have been enforced in efforts to conserve vulnerable breeds of livestock specifically.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
R.R.C. Peruwelz
Royal Racing Club Péruwelz was a Belgian association football club from the city of Péruwelz, Hainaut founded in 1922. They played at Verte Chasse, Péruwelz in the third division B until 2010–11 season when they moved to nearby Mouscron as part of an arrangement that saw them merged with the recently bankrupt R.E. Mouscron. The new club is known as Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz.

Royal Excel Mouscron
Royal Excel Mouscron (French pronunciation: [mukʁɔ̃], Dutch pronunciation: [muˈskrun]), commonly known as Mouscron or familiarly as REM, was a Belgian professional football club based in Mouscron.

The team was formed as Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz in the spring of 2010 as a result of the merging between bankrupt R.E. Mouscron and R.R.C. Peruwelz. It won promotion to the Belgian Pro League in 2014 and changed its name in the summer of 2016, being relegated in 2021 and filing for bankruptcy a year later.

The club was owned by nearby French club Lille OSC from 2012 to 2015, and by a Maltese consortium linked to Israeli agent Pini Zahavi from 2015 to 2018, Pairoj Piempongsant of Carabao Energy Drink from 2018 to 2020, and Spanish-Luxembourgish businessman Gérard López from 2020 to 2022. The club was investigated by the Belgian federal judiciary over alleged financial offences relating to Zahavi.
Hugo Soto-Martinez
Hugo Soto-Martinez is an American labor organizer and politician, currently serving as a member of the Los Angeles City Council for the 13th district since 2022. A member of the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America, Soto-Martinez defeated incumbent Mitch O'Farrell in the 2022 general election.

Mitch O'Farrell
Mitch O'Farrell (born 1960) is an American politician, who served as a member of the Los Angeles City Council for the 13th district from 2013 to 2022, during which he spent eight days as President of the City Council during the 2022 Los Angeles City Council scandal. A member of the Democratic Party, O'Farrell was the first Native American elected to the body, and was one of its two openly gay members until the end of his second term in 2022.
Idaho State Highway 81
State Highway 81 (SH-81) is a state highway in Cassia County, Idaho. The highway runs for 33.978 miles (54.682 km) from SH-77 in Malta to U.S. Route 30 (US-30) in Burley. It also has a short spur route connecting the highway to Interstate 84 (I-84) at the Yale Interchange.

Prior to its designation as SH-81 in 1972, the highway was part of U.S. Route 30S (US-30S), a multi-state national highway that traveled from Burley to Granger, Wyoming.

Interstate 84 in Idaho
Interstate 84 (I-84) in the U.S. state of Idaho is a major Interstate Highway that traverses the state from the Oregon state line in the northwest to Utah state line in the southeast. It primarily follows the Snake River across a plain that includes the cities of Boise, Mountain Home, and Twin Falls. The highway is one of the busiest in Idaho and is designated as the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Highway.

I-84 runs for 276 miles (444 km) within Idaho, beginning near Ontario, Oregon, and traveling concurrent with several U.S. routes through the Boise metropolitan area and Mountain Home towards Twin Falls. I-84 splits away from US 30 and the Snake River at a junction with I-86 near Declo, where it turns southeast to cross the Sublett Range into northern Utah. The highway has an auxiliary route, I-184, which serves downtown Boise.
Henry Wilkins III
Look Henry Wilkins III (January 4, 1930 – February 20, 1991) was an American politician and educator who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1973 to 1991. Alongside Richard Mays and William Townsend, he was the first African American to serve in the Arkansas Legislature since the Reconstruction era. His wife, Josetta Wilkins, and their son, Henry "Hank" Wilkins IV, also served as state legislators.

Josetta Wilkins
Josetta Edwards Wilkins (July 17, 1932 – August 25, 2023) was an American educator and politician. She served four terms in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1991 to 1999.

She lived in Pine Bluff. Wilkins first announced her intent to seek election to the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1991, following the death of her husband, Henry Wilkins III, who at the time of his death had held the seat since 1973. As a legislator, Wilkins "was one of the early sponsors of Breast Cancer Act and worked over a period of four years to get passed". In 1999, the Governor's Breast Cancer Control Advisory Board established the "Josetta Wilkins Award" to honor champions of saving lives from the disease, with Wilkins being the first recipient of the award. In 2022, a Health Unit was named for her. Her son, Hank Wilkins, also served in the state legislature.
Ouahigouya
Ouahigouya (Mossi: Wayugyã) is a city in northern Burkina Faso, situated 182 kilometres northwest of Ouagadougou. It is the capital of the Yatenga Province and one of its subdivisions the Ouahigouya Department. It is also the biggest town in the Nord Region and the fourth largest city in the country with a population of 124,587 (2019)

The city itself has a stadium, a private non-profit Paediatric Hospital with 36 beds for giving birth and 24 beds for children suffering of severe malnutrition, a post office with internet access and at least one Ecobank bank branch.

Yatenga Province
Yatenga is one of the provinces of Burkina Faso, located in the Nord Region of the country. In modern Yatenga, the most prominent city is Ouahigouya (also known as Waiguya). This city served as the capital of the kingdom of Yatenga, a powerful kingdom out of the many Mossi kingdoms, but its influence decreased in the century following French colonisation. The city is famed today for being home to the Naba's (traditional kings) compound and the tomb of Naba Kango.
Morenci, Arizona
Morenci is a census-designated place (CDP) and company town in Greenlee County, Arizona, United States, and was founded by the Detroit Copper Mining Company of Arizona. The population was 2,000 at the 2000 census and 1,489 at the 2010 census. The biggest employer in Morenci (and in nearby Clifton) and the owner of the town is Freeport-McMoRan, the owner of the Morenci Mine, the largest copper mining operation in North America, and one of the largest copper mines in the world. The town was a site of the Arizona Copper Mine Strike of 1983. The large open-pit mine is north of the town.

Clifton, Arizona
Clifton is a town in and is the county seat of Greenlee County, Arizona, United States, along the San Francisco River. As of the 2020 census, Clifton had a population of 3,933. It was a place of the Arizona copper mine strike of 1983.

Clifton and Morenci are thought to be an economic area by the Arizona Department of Commerce.
Semyon Kharlamov
Semyon Ilyich Kharlamov (Russian: Семён Ильич Харламов; 30 April 1921 – 5 May 1990) was a reconnaissance and fighter pilot during World War II who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. He later went on to hold various command posts in the air force, and eventually reaching the rank of colonel-general. His wife, Nadezhda Popova, a squadron commander in the famed "Night Witches" who he met at the warfront, was also a Hero of the Soviet Union.

Nadezhda Popova
Nadezhda Vasilyevna Popova (Russian: Наде́жда Васи́льевна Попо́ва, Ukrainian: Надія Василівна Попова; 17 December 1921 – 8 July 2013) was a squadron commander in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Regiment during the Second World War who achieved significant domestic publicity after completing 18 bombing sorties in one night with navigator Yekaterina Ryabova. Awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 23 February 1945 for completing 737 sorties, she was featured on the cover of Komsomolskaya Pravda and in many other major Soviet publications during the war.
Renzo Pi Hugarte
Renzo Wifredo Pi Hugarte (Durazno, 23 November 1934 – Montevideo, 15 August 2012) was a Uruguayan scholar, anthropologist, professor, historian and writer. Together with Daniel Vidart he is considered one of the "founding fathers" of anthropology in Uruguay.

Daniel Vidart
Daniel Vidart (October 7, 1920 in Paysandú – May 14, 2019) was a Uruguayan anthropologist, writer, historian, and essayist.

He was one of the most notable social scientists of the region. In 2010 he was awarded the Grand National Prize for Intellectual Activity.

He died in 2019, aged 98.
Rinke Khanna
Rinke Khanna (born Rinke Jatin Khanna; 27 July 1977) is a former Indian actress. She is the youngest daughter of actress Dimple Kapadia and actor Rajesh Khanna, sister of Twinkle Khanna. She made her film debut with Pyaar Mein Kabhi Kabhi (1999), changing her original screen name from Rinkle to Rinke. In Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai, she played a supporting role.

Twinkle Khanna
Twinkle Khanna (born 29 December 1973) is an Indian author, columnist and former actress. A daughter of actors Dimple Kapadia and Rajesh Khanna, she made her acting debut with a leading role in the film Barsaat (1995), which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. After playing the leading lady in such films as Jaan (1996), Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai (1998), International Khiladi (1999), Baadshah (1999), and Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega (2001), she quit acting.

After quitting acting, Khanna worked as an interior designer for a few years, and began writing opinion columns. As an author, she has written the non-fiction book Mrs Funnybones (2015), the short story collection The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad (2016), and the novels Pyjamas Are Forgiving (2018), Welcome to Paradise (2023), and the sequel to her beloved debut book Mrs. Funnybones Returns (2025). Khanna is married to actor Akshay Kumar, with whom she has two children.
John Rous, 4th Earl of Stradbroke
John c Rous, 4th Earl of Stradbroke, KStJ (1 April 1903 – 14 July 1983), was a British nobleman, the son of George Rous, 3rd Earl of Stradbroke. He was styled Viscount Dunwich from birth until acceding to the earldom in 1947.

George Rous, 3rd Earl of Stradbroke
George Edward John Mowbray Rous, 3rd Earl of Stradbroke, KCMG, CB, CVO, CBE, VD, TD (19 November 1862 – 20 December 1947) was a British nobleman from Suffolk who served as a Territorial Army officer, as a junior government minister, and as the 15th Governor of Victoria, Australia.