hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Omval
Omval is a neighbourhood situated on a peninsula on the eastern shore of the Amstel river in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is situated south of the Weesperzijde neighbourhood and next to the Amsterdam Amstel railway station in the borough of Amsterdam-Oost. In the 1990s, it became the site of a major business district featuring the Rembrandt Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Amsterdam.

Amsterdam Amstel station
Amsterdam Amstel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm ˈɑmstəl]; abbreviation: Asa) is a railway station in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The station opened in 1939. It is located to the southeast of Amsterdam Centraal in the borough of Amsterdam-Oost, near the Amstel river. Amsterdam Amstel is used daily by 50,000 train and metro passengers. Rail services at the station are provided by NS, the principal railway operator in the Netherlands. Metro, tram and city bus services are provided by municipal operator GVB. Regional buses are operated by Transdev and Keolis.

Amstel station is situated in the Omval business district which includes the Rembrandt Tower, the tallest skyscraper in the city, and the Leeuwenburg campus of the Hogeschool van Amsterdam.
RealVideo
RealVideo, also spelled as Real Video, is a suite of proprietary video compression formats developed by RealNetworks — the specific format changes with the version. It was first released in 1997 and as of 2024 was at version 15. RealVideo is supported on many platforms, including Windows, Mac, Linux, Solaris, and several mobile phones.

RealVideo is usually paired with RealAudio and packaged in a RealMedia (.rm) container. RealMedia is suitable for use as a streaming media format, that one is viewed while it is being sent over the network. Streaming video can be used to watch live television since it does not require downloading the entire video in advance.

RealNetworks
RealNetworks LLC is an American technology company and provider of Internet streaming media delivery software and services based in Seattle, Washington. The company also provides subscription-based online entertainment services and mobile entertainment and messaging services.
Jeffrey Evans, 4th Baron Mountevans
Jeffrey Richard de Corban Evans, 4th Baron Mountevans, JP (born 13 May 1948), is a British hereditary peer and shipbroker, who served as Lord Mayor of London from 2015 to 2016.

Lord Mountevans represented the Ward of Cheap in the City of London as Alderman from 2007 until 2018, serving as Sheriff of London for 2012/13, then Lord Mayor for 2015/16. He sits in the House of Lords as an hereditary peer, being elected in the crossbench hereditary peers' by-election of July 2015, following the retirement of Viscount Tenby.

Shipbroking
Shipbroking is a financial service, which forms part of the global shipping industry. Shipbrokers are specialist intermediaries/negotiators (i.e. brokers) between shipowners and charterers who use ships to transport cargo, or between buyers and sellers of vessels.
De Hoop Nature Reserve
De Hoop Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

It lies three hours from Cape Town in the Overberg region, near Cape Agulhas, the southern tip of Africa. Approximately 340 square kilometres (130 sq mi) in area, it is one of the largest natural areas managed by CapeNature.

De Hoop is one of the components of the "Cape Floral Region Protected Areas" World Heritage Site.

The De Hoop Marine Protected Area extends three nautical miles out to sea from the coastline of the nature reserve.

CapeNature
CapeNature (officially the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board) is a governmental organisation responsible for maintaining wilderness areas and public nature reserves in Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Kikuchi Line
Kikuchi Line (菊池線, Kikuchi-sen) is a 10.8 km railway line owned by the Kumamoto Electric Railway, serving Kumamoto City and Kōshi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The line runs northward from Kami-Kumamoto Station on the Kagoshima Main Line, operated by JR Kyushu, terminating at Miyoshi Station.

Previously, the line ran as far as Kikuchi, Kumamoto, an onsen resort town. However, ticket sales were replaced with road traffic on Japan National Route 387, and the section between Miyoshi and Kikuchi ceased operations on February 16, 1986.

Miyoshi Station (Kumamoto)
Miyoshi Station (御代志駅, Miyoshi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Kōshi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Kumamoto Electric Railway.
Michalis Katrinis
Michalis Katrinis (Greek: Μιχάλης Κατρίνης) (born 1 September 1975 in Pelopio), is a Greek dentist and politician. He has served as an MP for Elis from 2007 to 2012 and then starting again from 2019, and he also served as PASOK – KINAL's Parliamentary leader while Nikos Androulakis was an MEP, from late 2021 to mid-2023. He is also standing as a candidate in the 2024 PASOK – KINAL leadership election.

PASOK – Movement for Change
The PASOK – Movement for Change (PASOK-KINAL; Greek: ΠΑΣΟΚ – Κίνημα Αλλαγής, romanized: PASOK – Kínima Allagís, abbr. ΚΙΝΑΛ) is a political alliance in Greece, mainly affiliated with the centre-left of the political spectrum. It supports Greece's membership in the European Union. It includes the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) and Movement of Democratic Socialists (KIDISO). It was founded in March 2018, initially as "Movement for Change" (Kínima Allagís).
A Madea Family Funeral
A Madea Family Funeral is a 2019 American comedy film written, directed, and produced by Tyler Perry. It is the eleventh installment of the Madea cinematic universe and stars Perry in several roles, including the titular character, as well as Cassi Davis and Patrice Lovely. The plot follows Madea and her friends as they must set up an unexpected funeral during a family get-together in Maxine, Georgia.

The film was released in the United States on March 1, 2019. The film grossed $75.8 million worldwide. This is the last film from Tyler Perry to be released by Lionsgate, with Paramount Pictures and Netflix taking over distribution of future Perry films via his deal with ViacomCBS. It is also, as of 2025, the last Madea film to be released theatrically. Though A Madea Family Funeral was originally intended to be the final film in the series, a sequel titled A Madea Homecoming was released in 2022.

Madea
Mabel Earlene "Madea" Simmons  is a character created and portrayed by Tyler Perry. She is presented as a tough, street-smart elderly African-American woman.

Madea is based on Perry's mother and his aunt. In Perry's own words, Madea is "exactly the PG version of my mother and my aunt, and I loved having an opportunity to pay homage to them. She would beat the hell out of you but make sure the ambulance got there in time to make sure they could set your arm back because the love was there inside all of it."

The Madea films and plays are comedies, but all contain serious themes and are intended to deliver moral messages about issues such as infidelity, spousal abuse and the consequences of one's actions. The character also appeared in sketches on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.
Thomas Simpson (explorer)
Thomas Simpson (2 July 1808 – 14 June 1840) was a Scottish Arctic explorer, fur trader and cousin of Governor Sir George Simpson of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). He is known for helping chart the northern coasts of Canada as well as his mysterious death by violence while traveling near the Turtle River in what was then part of the Territory of Iowa (now the U.S. state of North Dakota). The circumstances of Simpson's final hours—in which he allegedly killed himself after gunning down two companions—have long been a subject of controversy.

Arctic exploration
Arctic exploration is the physical exploration of the Arctic region of the Earth. It refers to the historical period during which mankind has explored the region north of the Arctic Circle. Historical records suggest that humankind have explored the northern extremes since 325 BC, when the ancient Greek sailor Pytheas reached a frozen sea while attempting to find a source of the metal tin. Dangerous oceans and poor weather conditions often fetter explorers attempting to reach polar regions, and journeying through these perils by sight, boat, and foot has proven difficult.
Dragon's Tail (peninsula)
The Dragon's Tail is a name for the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia which appeared in medieval Arabian and Renaissance European world maps. It formed the eastern shore of the Great Gulf (Gulf of Thailand) east of the Golden Chersonese (Malay Peninsula), replacing the "unknown lands" which Ptolemy and others had thought surrounded the "Indian Sea".

Golden Chersonese
The Golden Chersonese or Golden Khersonese (Ancient Greek: Χρυσῆ Χερσόνησος, Chrysḗ Chersónēsos; Latin: Chersonesus Aurea), meaning the Golden Peninsula, was the name used for the Malay Peninsula by Greek and Roman geographers in classical antiquity, most famously in Claudius Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography.
École nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes
École nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes (ENSAR) (Higher Institute for Agricultural Sciences of Rennes) is a French higher education institute, known as a grande école. It is one of the most prestigious French Engineering schools specialized in applied Life sciences, with an emphasis on agronomy and the agri-food industry. The city of Rennes holds a strategic position owing to its central location within the foremost agricultural and food basin in Europe.

The school was founded during the XIXth century. In 2004 the name of the school became Agrocampus Rennes. In 2008, the school merged with the Angers National horticultural institute to form Agrocampus Ouest. Since 2020, Agrocampus Ouest has been part of the Agro Institute, jointly with Montpellier school and the Dijon school. In 2022, the school becomes Institut Agro Rennes-Angers.

Institut Agro Rennes-Angers
Institut Agro Rennes-Angers (previously named as Agrocampus Ouest till 2020) is a French higher education institution, known as a grande école. Its official name is Institut supérieur des sciences agronomiques, agroalimentaires, horticoles et du paysage (English: Higher Institute for agricultural sciences, food industry, horticulture and landscape management). It operates under the supervision of the French Ministry of Agriculture. It belongs to the Institut Agro, along with Institut agro Montpellier and Institut Agro Dijon.

It trains agricultural sciences engineers and research scientists. It has two campuses in western France, one in Rennes and the other in Angers.
Joris Vercammen
Joris August Odilius Ludovicus Vercammen (born 14 October 1952) is a Dutch priest who served as the Old Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht of the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands from 1 July 2000 to 11 January 2020.

Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
The Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands (Dutch: Oud-Katholieke Kerk van Nederland), sometimes Jansenist Church of Holland, is an Old Catholic jurisdiction originating from the Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580). The Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands is the mother church of the Old Catholic Union of Utrecht.

With approximately 10,000 members, the jurisdiction is currently led by Archbishop Metropolitan Bernd Wallet.
Max Shachtman
Max Shachtman (/ˈʃɑːktmən/; September 10, 1904 – November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. He went from being an associate of Leon Trotsky to a social democrat and mentor of senior assistants to AFL–CIO President George Meany. The Marxist tendency associated with his beliefs is known as Shachtmanism.

George Breitman
George Breitman (February 28, 1916 – April 19, 1986) was an American political activist, author, and publisher affiliated with the Trotskyist movement. He was a founding member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and a long-time editor of its weekly newspaper The Militant. He ran unsuccessfully four times as the SWP candidate for the U.S. Senate from New Jersey. In addition to managing the SWP publishing house in the 1960s and '70s, Breitman edited and wrote over a dozen books, and became known as an authority on the life and speeches of Malcolm X.
Edward Frankland
Sir Edward Frankland, KCB, FRS, FRSE (18 January 1825 – 9 August 1899) was an English chemist. He was one of the originators of organometallic chemistry and introduced the concept of combining power or valence.

An expert in water quality and analysis, he was a member of the second royal commission on the pollution of rivers, and studied London's water quality for decades. He established the then revolutionary possibility of biological treatment of sewage using a contact bed to oxidize the waste. This concept was taken up by the chief chemist for the London Metropolitan Board of Works, William Dibdin, in 1887.

He also studied luminous flames and the effects of atmospheric pressure on dense ignited gas, and was one of the discoverers of helium.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
Western Province women's cricket team
The Western Province women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for part of the South African province of Western Cape, primarily based in Cape Town. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge, and they are the most successful side in both competitions, with 9 and 7 title wins, respectively.

CSA Women's One-Day Cup
The CSA Women's One-Day Cup, previously known as the CSA Women's Provincial Programme, is a women's domestic one-day cricket competition organised by Cricket South Africa. The competition currently sees sixteen provincial teams competing in 50-over matches, and has existed, under various names, since the 1995–96 season.

The most successful side in the history of the competition, and current holders, are Western Province, with nine recorded title wins.
Rhopalotettix
Rhopalotettix is a genus of Asian ground-hoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) in the subfamily Metrodorinae and since 2017 placed in the tribe Ophiotettigini; it was erected by Joseph Hancock in 1910.  The recorded distribution for species in this genus is southern China, Indochina and western Malesia.

Metrodorinae
Metrodorinae is a subfamily of groundhoppers or pygmy grasshoppers. There are more than 590 described species, found in South America, Africa and Asia.  In a 2025 revision, new tribes were erected and a number of genera were placed in the subfamily Guntheritettiginae.
Alexandra Gage, Viscountess Gage
Alexandra Murray Gage, Viscountess Gage (née Templeton; born 1969) is a British academic, businesswoman, and aristocrat. She is a senior lecturer at the University of Brighton, teaching fine art at the university's School of Art and Media. As the second wife of Nicholas Gage, 8th Viscount Gage, she is the châtelaine of Firle Place in Sussex. Lady Gage is the founder and owner of the skincare business Beauty Energy Balms, which makes products from herbs grown in the garden of the Firle estate.

Firle Place
Firle Place is a manor house in Firle, East Sussex, United Kingdom. The Gage family have owned the land at Firle since acquiring it from the Levett family in the 15th century. The manor house was first built in the late 15th century by Sir John Gage, who made Firle Place his principal home. He held many high offices, including Constable of the Tower and was an executor of Henry VIII's will.
Cherub
A cherub (/ˈtʃɛrəb/; pl.: cherubim; Hebrew: כְּרוּב kərūḇ, pl. כְּרוּבִים kərūḇīm) is one type of supernatural being in the Abrahamic religions. The numerous depictions of cherubim assign to them many different roles, such as protecting the entrance of the Garden of Eden.

Angels in Christianity
In Christianity, angels are the messengers of God, and take on  varying roles throughout the Christian Bible. They serve primarily as messengers, but also as counsellors and guides throughout the Old and New Testaments.
Death of a Salesman
Death of a Salesman is a 1949 stage play written by the American playwright Arthur Miller. The play premiered on Broadway on February 10, 1949, running for 742 performances. It is a two-act tragedy set in late 1940s Brooklyn told through a montage of memories, dreams, and arguments of the protagonist Willy Loman, a travelling salesman who is despondent with his life and appears to be slipping into senility. The play addresses a variety of themes, such as the American Dream, the anatomy of truth, and infidelity. It won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Award for Best Play. Since its premiere, the play has been revived on Broadway five times, winning three Tony Awards for Best Revival. It has been adapted for the cinema ten times. In 1999, New Yorker drama critic John Lahr said that with 11 million copies sold, it was "probably the most successful modern play ever published."

Willy Loman
William "Willy" Loman is a fictional character and the protagonist of Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman, which debuted on Broadway with Lee J. Cobb playing Loman at the Morosco Theatre on February 10, 1949. Loman is a 63-year-old travelling salesman from Brooklyn with 34 years of experience with the same company who endures a pay cut and a firing during the play. He has difficulty dealing with his current state and has created a fantasy world to cope with his situation. This does not keep him from multiple suicide attempts.

He is the central character in a play that has won the Tony Award for Best Broadway Production four times. People playing the role have earned many significant accolades for acting including Golden Globe Award, Olivier Award, Tony Award, Primetime Emmy Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Drama Desk Awards and many award nominations.
1931 New Zealand general election
The 1931 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 24th term. It resulted in the newly formed coalition between the United Party and the Reform Party remaining in office as the United–Reform Coalition Government, although the opposition Labour Party made some minor gains despite tallying more votes than any other single party.

United Party (New Zealand)
The United Party was a political parliamentary party in New Zealand. It was founded in 1927, partly out of the remnants of the Liberal Party, and formed the United Government between 1928 and 1931, and the United–Reform coalition Government between 1931 and 1935. In 1936, it merged with the Reform Party to form the National Party.

According to one study, the United Party was "more right-wing than the Reform Party under Joseph Gordon Coates."
Express Yourself (N.W.A song)
"Express Yourself" is a song recorded by American hip-hop group N.W.A, performed solo by Dr. Dre. The song, off their debut studio album Straight Outta Compton (1989), samples Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band's 1970 song of the same name. Unlike most songs on the album and by N.W.A, the song is devoid of profanity and violence. "Express Yourself" was released as the album's second and final single, the album version of the track features rap vocals from Dr. Dre only, whereas the extended single version features small verses from MC Ren and Ice Cube, the writer of the song. The song reached number 50 on the UK singles chart in September 1989, before reaching number 26 on reissue in June 1990.

Express Yourself (Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band song)
"Express Yourself" was written by Charles Wright and performed by Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band. It became their signature song after its release in 1970 on their album, Express Yourself. The song was produced by Wright.

It reached #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was also their biggest hit on the U.S. R&B chart, reaching #3.

The single was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1971, losing to The Delfonics song "Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)" and ranked #57 on Billboard's Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1970.
Independent expenditure
An independent expenditure, in elections in the United States, is a political campaign communication that expressly advocates for the election or defeat of a clearly identified political candidate that is not made in cooperation, consultation or concert with – or at the request or suggestion of – a candidate, a candidate's authorized committee, or a political party. If a candidate's agent,  authorized committee, party, or an "agent" for one of these groups becomes "materially involved", the expenditure is not independent.

Issue advocacy ads
Issue advocacy ads (also known as interest advocacy ads or issue only ads) are communications intended to bring awareness to a certain problem.  Groups that sponsor this form of communication are known by several names including: interest advocacy group, issue advocacy group, issue only group, or special interest group.  The problems these groups raise awareness of can be either a social or political issue.
Presenilin-1
Presenilin-1 (PS-1) is a presenilin protein that in humans is encoded by the PSEN1 gene. Presenilin-1 is one of the four core proteins in the gamma secretase complex, which is considered to play an important role in generation of amyloid beta (Aβ) from amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP). Accumulation of amyloid beta is associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Gamma secretase
Gamma secretase is a multi-subunit protease complex, an integral membrane protein, that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins at residues within the transmembrane domain. Proteases of this type are known as intramembrane proteases. The most well-known substrate of gamma secretase is amyloid precursor protein, a large integral membrane protein that, when cleaved by both gamma and beta secretase, produces a short 37-43 amino acid peptide called amyloid beta whose abnormally folded fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Gamma secretase is also critical in the related processing of several other type I integral membrane proteins, such as Notch, ErbB4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, ephrin-B2, or CD44.
Al-Janiya
Al-Janiya (Arabic: الجانيه) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate located 8 kilometers northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 1,296 inhabitants by 2017.

Ras Karkar
Ras Karkar (Arabic: رأس كركر) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, located 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank.

Ras Karkar is a small village situated atop a commanding hill. One of the throne villages of the late Ottoman period, It is home to a fortified sheikh house built during the early 19th century by the Simhan family. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,956 inhabitants in 2017.