hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) is a private hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Established in 1985, it is the primary teaching hospital of the Aga Khan University's (AKU) Faculty of Health Sciences. The hospital provides quaternary care, including diagnosis of disease and team management of patient care.

Aga Khan University
Aga Khan University is a private research university based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a non-profit institution and an agency of the Aga Khan Development Network. It was founded in 1983 as Pakistan's first private university. Starting in 2000, the university expanded to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom and Afghanistan.

AKU began life as a health-sciences university. It is among the largest private health-care providers in Pakistan and East Africa. AKU hospitals were the first in those regions accredited by U.S.-based Joint Commission International.

More recently, the university has initiated programmes in teacher education, the study of Muslim civilisations, journalism, early childhood development and public policy. The university has also launched an undergraduate liberal-arts programme to educate future leaders in a wide range of fields and establish additional graduate professional schools.
Brahim Dahane
Brahim Dahane (Arabic: إبراهيم دحان, romanized: Ibrāhīm Daḥḥān; born 1965) is a Sahrawi human rights activist and president of the Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Human Rights Violations Committed by the Moroccan State.

Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Human Rights Violations Committed by the Moroccan State
The Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Violations of Human Rights Committed by the Moroccan State (Spanish: Asociación Saharaui de Víctimas de Violaciones Graves de los Derechos Humanos Cometidas por el Estado Marroquí; Arabic: جمعية الصحراوية لضحايا الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان المرتكبة من طرف الدولة المغربية; French: Association Sahraouie des Victimes des Violations Graves des Droits Humains Commises par l’Etat Marocain), or ASVDH, is a Sahrawi human rights organization in the Moroccan-occupied areas of Western Sahara (considered the Southern Provinces by Morocco).
Bertrand–Edgeworth model
In microeconomics, the Bertrand–Edgeworth model of price-setting oligopoly explores what happens when firms compete to sell a homogeneous product (a good for which consumers buy only from the cheapest available seller) but face limits on how much they can supply. Unlike in the standard Bertrand competition model, where firms are assumed to meet all demand at their chosen price, the Bertrand–Edgeworth model assumes each firm has a capacity constraint: a fixed maximum output it can sell, regardless of price. This constraint may be physical (as in Edgeworth’s formulation) or may depend on price or other conditions.

A key result of the model is that pure-strategy price equilibria may fail to exist, even with just two firms, because firms have an incentive to undercut competitors' prices until they hit their capacity constraints. As a result, the model can lead to price cycles or the emergence of mixed-strategy equilibria, where firms randomize over prices.

Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth FBA (8 February 1845 – 13 February 1926) was an Anglo-Irish philosopher and political economist who made significant contributions to the methods of statistics during the 1880s. From 1891 onward, he was appointed the founding editor of The Economic Journal.
Kofia (hat)
The kofia is a type of brimless cylindrical headwear with a flat top, typically worn by Somali men. It is closely related to the Omani Kuma. The kofia is a sign of peace, mourning and renewal, as well as protection of one's mind. Many believe that they are a symbol of a man's Islamic identity and are worn as a sign of reverence for Allah.

Kuma (cap)
A Kuma (كمة) is a rounded Omani cap traditionally worn by men. It is flat on the top with the rim folded inwards, and is often white decorated with various ornate colourful designs. It is specially sized (as opposed to one size fits all) and has small holes throughout the embroidery which help keep the head cool in the hot Omani sun. It is frequently worn as day-to-day attire due to Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said's work to maintain the nation's cultural heritage, and as such people not only wear these traditional garments often, but are incredibly proud of them and the patriotism they represent. The opinions of where the Kuma originated from is divided. One theory posits that Omanis brought it to East Africa during the empire's rule of Zanzibar. The other posits that Oman adopted it from East Africa. The Kuma is similar to the East African Kofia. It is sometimes worn with a massar on top of it, to give the massar structure.
Hallelujah
Hallelujah (/ˌhæləˈluːjɑː/ ⓘ; Biblical Hebrew: הַלְלוּ־יָהּ‎, romanized: haləlū-Yāh, Modern Hebrew: הַלְּלוּ־יָהּ‎, romanized: halləlū-Yāh, lit. 'praise Yah') is an interjection from the Hebrew language, used as an expression of gratitude to God. The term is used 24 times in the Tanakh (in the book of Psalms), twice in deuterocanonical books, and four times in the Christian Book of Revelation.

The phrase is used in Judaism as part of the Hallel prayers, and in Christian prayer, where since the earliest times it is used in various ways in liturgies, especially those of the Catholic Church, the Lutheran Churches and the Eastern Orthodox Church, the three of which use the Latin form alleluia, which is based on the alternative Greek transliteration.

Gospel (liturgy)
The Gospel in Christian liturgy refers to a reading from the Gospels used during various religious services, including Mass or Divine Liturgy (Eucharist). In many Christian churches, all present stand when a passage from one of the Gospels is read publicly, and sit when a passage from a different part of the Bible is read. The reading of the Gospels, often contained in a liturgical edition containing only the four Gospels (see lectionary), is traditionally done by a minister, priest or deacon, and in many traditions the Gospel Book is brought into the midst of the congregation to be read.
Akranes Folk Museum
64°19′12″N 22°02′42″W﻿ / ﻿64.3199°N 22.0450°W﻿ / 64.3199; -22.0450
The Akranes Folk Museum (Icelandic: Byggðasafnið í Görðum Akranesi [ˈpɪɣðaˌsapnɪð i ˈkœrðʏm ˈaːkraˌnɛːsɪ]), formerly known as the Akranes Museum Centre (Safnasvæðið á Akranesi [ˈsapnaˌsvaiːðɪð au ˈaːkraˌnɛːsɪ]), consists of a folk museum, an exhibition hall and a few 19th century buildings and boats in Garðar, Akranes, Iceland. The museum houses a few exhibitions, as well as a large open-air museum, which consists mainly of houses and boats, including the old Garðar house and the 86-tonne ketch Sigurfari (Kútter Sigurfari).

The main purpose of the Akranes Folk Museum is to collect, register, preserve, research and display artefacts and other objects of cultural and historical value for the Akranes area and Iceland. The Akranes Folk Museum is located at Garðar in Akranes, near the town's cemetery. It is easily accessible from Reykjavík via car or bus route 57.

Akranes
Akranes (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈaːkraˌnɛːs] ⓘ) is a port town and municipality on the west coast of Iceland, around 50 km (31 mi) north of the capital Reykjavík.

The area where Akranes is located was settled in the 9th century; however, it did not receive a municipal charter until 1942.
Weyl equation
In physics, particularly in quantum field theory, the Weyl equation is a relativistic wave equation for describing massless spin-1/2 particles which have an inherent handedness, or chirality, called Weyl fermions. The equation is named after Hermann Weyl. The Weyl fermions are one of the three possible types of elementary fermions, the other two being the Dirac and the Majorana fermions.

None of the elementary particles in the Standard Model are Weyl fermions. Previous to the confirmation of the neutrino oscillations, it was considered possible that the neutrino might be a Weyl fermion (it is now expected to be either a Dirac or a Majorana fermion). In condensed matter physics, some materials can display quasiparticles that behave as Weyl fermions, leading to the notion of Weyl semimetals.

Mathematically, any Dirac fermion can be decomposed as two Weyl fermions of opposite chirality coupled by the mass term.

Weyl semimetal
Weyl semimetals are semimetals or metals whose quasiparticle excitation is the Weyl fermion, a particle that played a crucial role in quantum field theory but has not been observed as a fundamental particle in vacuum.
In these materials, electrons have a linear dispersion relation, making them a solid-state analogue of relativistic massless particles.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 4th Essex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 4th Essex district is one of 160 districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers parts of the cities of Methuen and Lawrence in Essex County. Democrat Estela Reyes of Lawrence has represented the district since 2023.

Massachusetts Senate's 1st Essex and Middlesex district
Massachusetts Senate's 1st Essex and Middlesex district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 17.8% of Essex County and 2.5% of Middlesex County population. Republican Bruce Tarr of Gloucester has represented the district since 1995.
All3Media
All3Media Limited is a British worldwide independent television, film, and digital production and distribution company based in London. The All3Media group consists of more than 50 production and distribution companies and labels from the United Kingdom and all other parts of Europe (IDTV  in the Netherlands and All3Media Deutschland in Germany), New Zealand (South Pacific Pictures) and the United States.

Lime Pictures
Lime Pictures, formerly known as Mersey Television, is a British television production company owned by All3Media, founded by producer and writer Phil Redmond in the early 1980s. It produces drama and entertainment shows for the international market, including Hollyoaks, The Only Way Is Essex, Geordie Shore and Free Rein.
American Idols Live! Tour 2008
American Idols Live! Tour 2008 was a summer concert tour in the United States and Canada that featured the top 10 contestants of the seventh season of American Idol, which aired in 2008.  This tour followed in the tradition of other American Idol summer tours following the completion of the season in May.  The 53-date tour started in Glendale and ended in Tulsa.

The tour was sponsored by Kellogg's Pop-Tarts and Guitar Hero.

American Idol season 7
The seventh season of American Idol began on January 15, 2008 and concluded on May 21, 2008. Ryan Seacrest continued to host the show, while Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returned as judges. David Cook was announced as the winner on May 21, 2008, defeating runner-up David Archuleta by a margin of roughly 12 million votes out of over 97 million, which was at that time the highest recorded vote total in the show's history.
Derny
A Derny is a motorized bicycle for motor-paced cycling events such as during six-day and Keirin racing and motor-paced road races. Some riders train behind a derny on the road. The Derny is so-called as it was originally produced by the French Derny firm, but the name Derny is now applied to all small cycle-pacing vehicles, regardless of manufacturer.

Motor-paced racing
Motor-paced racing and motor-paced cycling refer to cycling behind a pacer in a car or more usually on a motorcycle. The cyclist (or stayer in this case) follows as close as they can to benefit from the slipstream of their pacer. The first paced races were behind other cyclists, sometimes as many as five riders on the same tandem. Bordeaux-Paris and record attempts have been ridden behind cars. More usually races or training are behind motorcycles.
Colima (city)
Colima (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlima]), located in west−central Mexico, is the capital of the state of the same name and the seat of the municipality of the same name. It is the easternmost and second-largest municipality of Colima, behind Manzanillo. It is located near the Colima volcano, which divides the state from Jalisco. The city of Colima is part of the Colima metropolitan area which also includes Villa de Álvarez and other municipalities.

In 2011, FDI Intelligence, a subsidiary of the Financial Times of London, ranked Colima first in small cities and tenth in Latin America as a place to live. It was evaluated under six categories: economic potential, human resources, cost-benefit ratio, quality of life, infrastructure and favorable business environment. In 2022, however, Colima was ranked as the murder capital of the world with a homicide rate of 182 per 100,000.

Villa de Álvarez
Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez  is a city in the Mexican state of Colima. It is the municipal seat of Villa de Álvarez municipality. The city is adjacent to the northwest side of the state capital city of Colima and the two can be considered as "twin cities", with Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez having a 2005 census population of 97,701 and Colima having a population of 123,597. They are both part of the Colima-Villa de Álvarez metropolitan area, which includes the population of Colima municipality (132,237) and Villa de Álvarez municipality (100,121). The city and the municipality of Villa de Álvarez both rank third in the state in their respective categories in population, behind only Colima itself and Manzanillo. Villa de Álvarez municipality has an area of 428.4 km² (165.4 sq mi).
Tsuruga Station
Tsuruga Station (敦賀駅, Tsuruga-eki) is a joint-use railway station in the city of Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan, jointly operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Hapi-Line Fukui. The station premises are managed by JR West. It is served by the Hokuriku Shinkansen, the Hokuriku Main Line, the Obama Line and the Hapi-Line Fukui Line, all of which terminate at Tsuruga. A freight-only branch line known as the Tsuruga Port Line operated by JR Freight formerly ran from this station.

Obama Line
The Obama Line (小浜線, Obama-sen) is a railway line on the Sea of Japan coast of central Japan. It is operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

The 84.3-kilometre (52.4 mi) long single track railway connects Tsuruga Station on the Hokuriku Main Line in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture and Higashi-Maizuru Station on the Maizuru Line in Maizuru, Kyoto Prefecture. The city of Obama and the towns of Mihama, Wakasa, Ōi and Takahama are located in the central section of the line.
Cerro Gordo County, Iowa
Cerro Gordo County (/ˈsɛroʊ ˈɡɔːrdoʊ/; Spanish: [ˈsero ˈɣoɾðo]) is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 43,127. Its county seat is Mason City. The county is named for the Battle of Cerro Gordo, which took place during the Mexican–American War. The county is part of the Mason City, IA Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Battle of Cerro Gordo
The Battle of Cerro Gordo, or Battle of Sierra Gordo, was an engagement in the Mexican–American War on April 18, 1847. The battle saw Winfield Scott's  United States troops outflank Antonio López de Santa Anna's larger Mexican army, driving it from a strong defensive position.
Zihrun Raza Kasia
The Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun Raza Kasia (Classical Mandaic: ࡔࡀࡓࡇ ࡖࡆࡉࡄࡓࡅࡍ ࡓࡀࡆࡀ ࡊࡀࡎࡉࡀ; "The Scroll of Zihrun, the Hidden Mystery") is a Mandaean religious text that describes rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and other related topics. It is an illustrated scroll.

Zihrun (referred to as Zihrun Raza Kasia or "Zihrun the Hidden Mystery" in full) is the name of an uthra.

The name Zihrun Raza Kasia is also mentioned in the Mandaean prayer Asut Malkia.

Masiqta
The masiqta (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡎࡉࡒࡕࡀ, lit. 'ascent') is a mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion in order to help guide the soul (nišimta) towards the World of Light in Mandaean cosmology. They are typically performed as funerary rites for Mandaeans who have just died. Although usually translated as "death mass", a few types of masiqta are also performed for living people, such as when priests are ordained. Masiqtas are also used to consecrate houses of worship (bit manda).
Crveni Krst, Belgrade
Crveni Krst (Serbian Cyrillic: Црвени Крст, pronounced [tsrʋɛni kř̩ːst], "Red Cross") or colloquially just Krst (Крст, "Cross"), is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipalities of Vračar (larger part) and Zvezdara (part of Đeram).

Čubura
Čubura (Serbian: Чубура), Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [t͡ʃǔbura]) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Located in Belgrade's municipality of Vračar, it is a synonym of the city's bohemian life.
Xonotlite
Xonotlite, or eakleite, is a mineral of general formula Ca6Si6O17(OH)2 named by the German mineralogist Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg in 1866. The name originates from its discovery locality, Tetela de Xonotla, Puebla, Mexico. Although it was discovered in 1866, it was first described in 1959. It is approved by the IMA, but it is a grandfathered species, meaning the name supposedly represents a valid species til this day.

Tobermorite
Tobermorite is a calcium silicate hydrate mineral with chemical formula:
Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·4H2O or
Ca5Si6(O,OH)18·5H2O.

Two structural varieties are distinguished: tobermorite-11 Å and tobermorite-14 Å.
Tobermorite occurs in hydrated cement paste and can be found in nature as an alteration mineral in metamorphosed limestone and in skarn. It has been reported to occur in the Maqarin Area of north Jordan and in the Crestmore Quarry near Crestmore Heights, Riverside County, California.

Tobermorite was first described in 1880 for an occurrence in Scotland, on the Isle of Mull, around the locality of Tobermory.
Music of Trinidad and Tobago
The music of Trinidad and Tobago is best known for its calypso music, soca music, chutney music, and steelpan. Calypso's internationally noted performances in the 1950s from artists such as Lord Melody, Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. The art form was most popularised at that time by Harry Belafonte. Along with folk songs and African and Indian-based classical forms, cross-cultural interactions have produced other indigenous forms of music including soca, rapso, parang, chutney, and other derivative and fusion styles. There are also local communities which practice and experiment with international classical and pop music, often fusing them with local steelpan instruments.

MusicTT was established in 2014 to facilitate the business development and export activity of the music industry in Trinidad and Tobago.

Soca music
Soca music, or the "soul of calypso", is a genre of music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1970s. It is considered an offshoot of calypso, with influences from Afro-Trinidadian and Indo-Trinidadian rhythms. It was created by Ras Shorty I (or Lord Shorty) in an effort to revive traditional calypso, the popularity of which had been declining amongst younger generations in Trinidad due to the rise in popularity of reggae from Jamaica and soul and funk from the United States. From the 1980s onward, soca has developed into a range of new styles.
Virtus Roma
Virtus Roma 1960, commonly known as Virtus Roma, is an Italian professional basketball club based in Rome, Lazio. The club, named Pallacanestro Virtus Roma competed in the first division of Italian basketball, the LBA, for decades until 2020, when it went bankrupt. In 2021 the club was refounded.

It was formerly a major side in Europe, winning the 1983–84 FIBA European Champions Cup (EuroLeague), and at one time being one of only 13 clubs to hold a EuroLeague A license. However, its standing later waned, and Virtus became less competitive in both Europe and the domestic LBA - which it had won in 1983 – before being voluntarily relegated to the Italian second division in July 2015.

In December 2020, Virtus was dissolved after the club was declared bankrupt after months of financial struggles.

For past club sponsorship names, see sponsorship names.

1983–84 FIBA European Champions Cup
The 1983–84 FIBA European Champions Cup was the 27th season of the European Champions Cup club competition (now called EuroLeague). The Final was held at the Patinoire des Vernets in Geneva, Switzerland on March 29, 1984. Banco di Roma won its first title, defeating Spanish side, FC Barcelona, by a result of 79–73.
Jokela school shooting
The Jokela school shooting, also known as the Jokela High School massacre, occurred on 7 November 2007, at Jokela High School in the town of Jokela, Tuusula, Finland. The gunman, 18-year-old Pekka-Eric Auvinen, entered the school that morning armed with a semi-automatic pistol. He killed eight people and wounded one before shooting himself in the head; twelve others were also injured by flying glass or by spraining their ankles during the ensuing chaos. Auvinen died later that evening in a Helsinki hospital.

This was the second school shooting in the history of Finland. The previous incident occurred in 1989 at the Raumanmeri school in Rauma, when a 14-year-old fatally shot two fellow students. Less than one year after the Jokela school massacre, the Kauhajoki school shooting occurred, which is thought to have been heavily inspired by Auvinen.

Tuusula
Tuusula (Finnish: [ˈtuːsulɑ]; Swedish: Tusby [ˈtʉːsby]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Tuusula is situated in the centre of the Uusimaa region. The population of Tuusula is approximately 43,000. It is the 27th most populous municipality in Finland and the second most populous municipality without city status (Finnish: kaupunki) after Nurmijärvi. Tuusula is part of the Helsinki metropolitan area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

A laurel branch in the coat of arms of Tuusula refers to the local artist community and a wheellock was borrowed from the coat of arms of the Stålhane noble family, which has long been influential in Tuusula. The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson in 1953.
Arebhashe dialect
Arebhashe (Kannada: ಅರೆಭಾಷೆ, romanized: Arebhāṣe, IPA: [ɐrebʰaːʂe]), or Aregannada or Gowda Kannada, is a dialect of Kannada mainly by Gowda communities in the regions of Madikeri, Somwarpet, and Kushalnagar taluks of Kodagu district, Coorg, Sullia and Puttur taluks of Dakshina Kannada district, as well as Bandadka, Kasaragod District in the Indian state of Kerala. The language was recognized by the Karnataka State government and formed an academy in 2011 to preserve the culture and literature of the Arebhahse Region which is named as Karnataka Arebhashe Samskruthi mathu Sahitya Academy supported by then Chief Minister D. V. Sadananda Gowda.

Kodagu district
Kodagu district (Kodava: [koɖɐɡɨ, -ʋɨ], also known by its former name Coorg, Kodava: koḍagï, koḍavï) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.
Lycée La Martinière Monplaisir
The Lycée La Martinière Monplaisir is the La Martinière College branch in Lyon, France.
Lyon hosts three La Martinière colleges, which were all created by Claude Martin: La Martinière Monplaisir, La Martinière Duchère, and La Martinière Terreaux.

The Lumière brothers, two of the first filmmakers, attended La Martinière.

Claude Martin
Major-General Claude Martin (5 January 1735 – 13 September 1800) was a French army officer who served in the French and later British East India companies in colonial India. Martin rose to the rank of major-general in the British East India Company's Bengal Army. Martin was born in Lyon, France, into a humble background, and was a self-made man who left a substantial lasting legacy in the form of his writings, buildings and the educational institutions he founded posthumously. There are now ten schools named after him, two in Lucknow, two in Calcutta and six in Lyon. The small village of Martin Purwa in India was also named after him.