hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Until the Final Hour
Until the Final Hour (German: Bis zur letzten Stunde), also published as Until the Final Hour:  Hitler's Last Secretary or simply Hitler's Last Secretary is a memoir of the last days of Adolf Hitler's government, written by Traudl Junge (née Humps) in 1947, but not published until 2002 (in German) and 2003 (in English). The book was part of the basis for the 2002 Austrian documentary Im toten Winkel - Hitlers Sekretärin (titled Blind Spot: Hitler's Secretary in English) and the film Der Untergang (The Downfall) in 2004.

Traudl Junge
Gertraud "Traudl" Junge (née Humps; 16 March 1920 – 10 February 2002) was a German editor who worked as Adolf Hitler's last private secretary from December 1942 to April 1945. After typing Hitler's will, she remained in the Berlin Führerbunker until his death.

Following her arrest and imprisonment in June 1945, both the Soviet and the U.S. militaries interrogated her. Later, in post-war West Germany, she worked as a secretary. In her old age, she decided to publish her memoirs, claiming ignorance of the Nazi atrocities during the war, but blaming herself for missing opportunities to investigate reports about them. Her story, based partly on her book Until the Final Hour, formed a part of several dramatizations, in particular the 2004 German film Downfall about Hitler's final ten days.
Bruce R. Bent
Bruce Roger Bent (born May 25, 1937) is an American businessman credited with inventing the world's first money market fund, the Reserve Fund, with Henry B. R. Brown in 1970. Bent and Brown created an organizational structure by which investors could pool cash to gain access to the market for short-term money obligations. Money market funds now manage more than US$3.0 trillion, serving tens of millions of investors.

In the book One Up on Wall Street, published in 1989, Peter Lynch wrote that "there ought to be a monument to Bruce Bent and Henry B.R. Brown" in regards to their role in inventing the money market fund. The American Museum of Financial History, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, also recognized the money market fund's importance and impact on the nation's financial history.

Reserve Primary Fund
The Reserve Primary Fund was the original money market fund, created in 1970 by Bruce R. Bent and Henry B. R. Brown and managed by Reserve Management Company. At its peak it held more than $60 billion in assets. During the 2008 financial crisis, it lost dollar value, or "broke the buck," and was liquidated as a result.
Macka B
Christopher MacFarlane, better known as Macka B, (born 1966) is a British-born Jamaican reggae artist, performer and activist with a career spanning thirty years and one of Britain's most influential dancehall DJs.

As a practicing Rastaman, Macka B's music is based around the political and spiritual message of the religion, with an often light and humorous touch. Working with the Mad Professor, he combined dancehall and dub styles of reggae, although he has avoided a more commercial crossover approach. He takes his name from the Judean rebels against the Greeks, the Maccabees.

Mad Professor
Neil Joseph Stephen Fraser (born 27 March 1955, Georgetown, Guyana) known by his stage-name Mad Professor, is a British dub music producer, engineer and remixer. He has collaborated with reggae artists Lee "Scratch" Perry, Sly and Robbie, Pato Banton, Jah Shaka and Horace Andy, as well as artists outside the realm of traditional reggae and dub, such as Sade, Massive Attack, the Orb, Gaudi, the Brazilian DJ Marcelinho da Lua, Grace Jones, and Perry Farrell.
Richard T. Snodgrass
Richard Thomas Snodgrass (born April 19, 1955) is an American computer scientist and writer and is professor emeritus at the University of Arizona. He is best known for his work on temporal databases, query language design, query optimization and evaluation, storage structures, database design, and ergalics (the science of computing).

Temporal database
A temporal database stores data relating to time instances. It offers temporal data types and stores information relating to past, present and future time.
Temporal databases can be uni-temporal, bi-temporal or tri-temporal.

More specifically the temporal aspects usually include valid time, transaction time and/or decision time.

Valid time is the time period during or event time at which a fact is true in the real world.

Transaction time is the time at which a fact was recorded in the database.

Decision time is the time at which the decision was made about the fact. Used to keep a history of decisions about valid times.
Egyptian cheese
Egyptian cheese (Egyptian Arabic: جبنة, romanized: gebna,  pronounced [ˈɡebnæ]) has a long history, and continues to be an important part of the Egyptian diet. There is evidence of cheese-making over 5,000 years ago in the time of the First Dynasty of Egypt. In the Middle Ages, the city of Damietta was famous for its soft, white cheese. Cheese was also imported, and the common hard yellow cheese, rumi, takes its name from the Arabic word for "Roman". Although many rural people still make their own cheese, notably the fermented mish, mass-produced cheeses are becoming more common. Cheese is often served with breakfast, and is included in several traditional dishes, including some desserts.

Mish
Mish (Egyptian Arabic: مش meš [meʃ]) is a traditional Egyptian cheese that is made by fermenting salty cheese for several months or years.

Mish may be similar to cheese that has been found in the tomb of the First Dynasty Pharaoh Hor-Aha at Saqqara, from 3200 BC. 
It is generally prepared at home, although some is sold in local markets. 
When ripe it is a yellowish-brown color, and tastes sharp, salty and pungent.
Products similar to mish are made commercially from different types of Egyptian cheese such as Domiati or Ras, with different aging times.
O'Higgins F.C.
O'Higgins Fútbol Club (Spanish: [oˈxiɣins ˈfuðβol ˈkluβ]), also known as O'Higgins de Rancagua, is a Chilean professional football club based in Rancagua, that currently plays in the Liga de Primera. The club's home stadium is Estadio El Teniente, opened in 1945 and renovated for the 2015 Copa América, which was hosted by Chile.

Founded in 1955, the club was named in honour of the country's founding father and supreme director Bernardo O'Higgins, after the merger of the clubs O'Higgins Braden and América de Rancagua. O'Higgins has won two Primera B titles, and in 2013 they won their first top-flight championship against Universidad Católica, coached by Eduardo Berizzo; they later won the 2014 Supercopa de Chile on penalty kicks against Deportes Iquique.

C.D. América de Rancagua
América de Rancagua was a Chilean football club based in the city of Rancagua. The club was founded on 1916 and dissolved on 1955, when it merged with O'Higgins Braden forming the current club O'Higgins.
Oni Press
Oni Press is an American independent comic book and graphic novel publisher based in Portland, Oregon, best known for publishing such series as Scott Pilgrim and Rick and Morty. In 2019, it became an imprint label following the company's merger with Lion Forge Comics. The merged company, Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group (OLFPG), is owned by Polarity. Oni Press has remained the "predominant name used for publishing comics" by OLFPG.

Lion Forge Comics
Lion Forge Comics was an American comic book publisher founded in 2011 by David Steward II and Carl Reed. The company published works by a range of creators and focused on storytelling influenced by specific cultures and ethnics. In 2019, it became an imprint label following the company's merger with Oni Press. The merged company, Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group, is owned by Polarity. As of 2022, the Lion Forge name is largely dormant in its original role as a comic book publisher, with Oni Press handling the publishing. However, Lion Forge is still used as a brand name for other divisions, such as Lion Forge Entertainment, which was founded by Steward II in 2019 and follows a similar focus on diverse narratives.
David Gray (snooker player)
David Gray (born 9 February 1979) is an English former professional snooker player from London.

Gray turned professional in 1996 after becoming the youngest-ever winner of the English Amateur Championship. He went on to win the 2003 Scottish Open, break into the top 16 in the world rankings and reach the final of the 2004 UK Championship (where he made his first of two competitive maximums). Despite these successes early in his career, his form declined until he eventually dropped off the tour in 2010 aged 31.

2003 Scottish Open (snooker)
The 2003 Scottish Open (officially the 2003 Regal Scottish Open) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 5–13 April 2003 at the Royal Highland Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was the seventh and penultimate ranking event of the 2002/2003 season.

David Gray won his first ranking title by defeating Mark Selby 9–7 in the final. This was Gray's only ranking final victory, and was Selby's first appearance in a ranking final. The defending champion, Stephen Lee, was defeated in the quarter-finals by John Higgins.

This was the final tournament held under the Scottish Open name, being re-branded the following season as the Players Championship before being discontinued. The tournament would be revived under the Scottish Open name in 2016.
Stephen Barrett
Stephen Joel Barrett (/ˈbærɪt/; born 1933) is an American retired psychiatrist, author, and consumer advocate best known for his work combatting health fraud and promoting evidence-based medicine. He founded Quackwatch, a network of websites that critiques unproven or questionable medical practices, and co-founded the National Council Against Health Fraud. A longtime critic of pseudoscience and alternative medicine, Barrett has written extensively on medical misinformation and served as an advisor to several scientific and health advocacy organizations. His work has earned him both praise from scientific communities and criticism from proponents of alternative health practices.

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Sølvgade
Sølvgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈsølˌkɛːðə]; lit. 'Silver Street') is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark, extending north-west from Borgergade to The Lakes where Fredens Bro connects it to Fredensgade. The section from Kronprinsessegade to Øster Voldgade follows the walled north-eastern margin of Rosenborg Castle Garden and the next section, from Øster Voldgade to the intersection with Farimagsgade, named Sølvtorvet (pronounced [ˈsølˌtsʰɒˀwð̩]; 'Silver Square') although it is little more than a busy street junction, separates Copenhagen Botanical Garden from Østre Anlæg.

Kronprinsessegade
Kronprinsessegade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰʁoːnpʰʁenˌsesəˌkɛːðə]; lit. 'Crown Princess Street') is a street in central  Copenhagen, Denmark. Noted for its Neoclassical houses, it extends from Gothersgade and runs along the southern boundary of Rosenborg Castle Garden, passing Sølvgade and the Nyboder district of old naval barracks before finally joining Øster Voldgade close to Østerport Station. The David Collection, a museum which displays a large collection of Islamic art as well as Danish and European fine and applied arts, is based at No. 30.
Newton Moore
Major General Sir Newton James Moore, KCMG, VD (17 May 1870 – 28 October 1936) was an Australian politician, businessman and army officer. He served as the eighth Premier of Western Australia from 1906 to 1910 and, following service in the First World War, was a member of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1932. He was the father of Sir Rodney Moore.

Premier of Western Australia
The premier of Western Australia is the head of government of the state of Western Australia. The role of premier at a state level is similar to the role of the prime minister of Australia at a federal level. The premier leads the executive branch of the Government of Western Australia and is accountable to the Parliament of Western Australia. The premier is appointed by the governor of Western Australia. By convention, the governor appoints as premier whoever has the support of the majority of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Western Australia. In practice, this means that the premier is the leader of the political party or group of parties with a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Since Western Australia achieved self-governance in 1890, there have been 31 premiers. Roger Cook is the current premier, having been appointed to the position on 8 June 2023.
2022 missile explosion in Poland
On 15 November 2022, a missile struck Polish territory, in the village of Przewodów near the border with Ukraine, killing two people. The incident occurred during attacks on Ukrainian civilian infrastructure by Russia. It was the first incident of a foreign missile (as opposed to prior UAV incursion) hitting NATO territory during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Initially Ukraine accused Russia of striking Poland, while the United States claimed that the missile was likely to have been an air defence missile fired by Ukrainian forces at an incoming Russian missile. This was later confirmed in September 2023 by the Polish Prosecutor's Office, which stated that the explosion was caused by an out of ukrainian control air-defence S-300 missile.

S-300 missile system
The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the former Soviet Union. It was produced by NPO Almaz for the Soviet Air Defence Forces to defend against air raids and cruise missiles.

It is used by Russia, Ukraine, and other former Eastern Bloc countries, along with Bulgaria and Greece. It is also used by China, Iran, and other countries in Asia.

The system is fully automated, though manual observation and operation are also possible. Each targeting radar provides target designation for the central command post. The command post compares the data received from the targeting radars and filters out false targets. The central command post has both active and passive target detection modes. Missiles have a maximum range of 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the command post.

The successor to the S-300 is the S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler), which entered service on 28 April 2007.
Hadley Fraser
Hadley Fraser (born Robert Hugh Fraser, April 21, 1980)  is an English actor and singer. He made his West End debut as Marius Pontmercy in Les Misérables. He also originated the role of Tiernan for his Broadway debut in The Pirate Queen.

Fraser’s other West End credits include Inspector Javert in Les Misérables, Frederick Frankenstein in Young Frankenstein, Anatoly Sergievsky in Chess, Archibald Craven in The Secret Garden, and many others. He also played Raoul de Chagny in The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall, Grantaire in Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary, and Billy Bigelow in Carousel at Cadogan Hall.

Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary
Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary was performed and filmed at The O2 Arena in North Greenwich, London, England, on 3 October 2010 at 1:30 pm and 7:00 pm. It marked the 25th anniversary of the original West End production of Les Misérables, which was based on Victor Hugo's 1862 novel, and has been running since October 1985.
1988 Hong Kong electoral reform
The 1988 Hong Kong electoral reform was carried out by the colonial government during 1987 to 1988 as the second stage of the developments of the representative government. Direct elections to the Legislative Council became the most debated issue during the public consultations. Under the strong opposition from the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Hong Kong government consequently turned down the option of the 1988 direct elections and introduced a little change in the government system.

1985 Hong Kong electoral reform
The 1985 Hong Kong electoral reform introduced the first ever indirect election to the colonial legislature during the last years of the British colonial rule in Hong Kong. The reform proposals was first carried out in the Green Paper: the Further Development of Representative Government in Hong Kong in July 1984 right before the Sino-British Joint Declaration in December. The reform laid the foundation of the representative democracy in Hong Kong which developed throughout the last years of the colonial rule and succeeded by the democratic development in Hong Kong after the handover of Hong Kong in 1997.
Big Science (Laurie Anderson album)
Big Science is the debut studio album by American performance artist and musician Laurie Anderson. It was the first of a seven-album deal Anderson signed with Warner Bros. Records. The album consists of a selection of musical highlights from her eight-hour production United States Live, which was itself released as a 5-LP box set and book in 1984.

The album is best known for the single "O Superman", which unexpectedly reached No. 2 in the UK after being discovered and promoted by BBC DJ John Peel. After Big Science, music played a larger role in Anderson's work.

O Superman
"O Superman", also known as "O Superman (For Massenet)", is a 1981 song by American performance artist and musician Laurie Anderson. The song became a surprise hit in the United Kingdom after it was championed by DJ John Peel, rising to number 2 on the UK Singles Chart in 1981. Prior to the success of this song, Anderson was little known outside the art world. First released as a promotional single, the song also appeared on her debut album Big Science (1982) and as part of her live album United States Live (1984).

In the 1981 Village Voice Pazz & Jop poll, critics voted "O Superman" the best single of the year.
Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle
Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle (born Alphonse Jean René Fleuriot de Langle; May 16, 1809 – July 22, 1881) was a French naval officer,  from Plouigneau (Finistère), who took part in the capture of Algiers in 1830 and later suppressed the African slave trade. He served in the Crimean War in 1855 and the Indian Ocean, where he led coastal explorations to establish a French naval base, supervised the settlement in Obock, and helped found the French presence at Djibouti. As head of the French fleet in the 1860s, he oversaw maritime routes in the Indian Ocean and investigated Henri Lambert's death. Retiring as a vice-admiral in 1874, he died in Paris on 22 July 1881.

Assassination of Henri Lambert
On June 4, 1859, Henri Lambert was assassinated, on board the dhow Nasseri, which intended to visit Tadjoura to bid farewell to Abubakr Pasha before returning to France. He had already informed the French about the benefits of establishing a colony opposite the British stronghold of Aden.

In 1861, Sharmarke Ali Salih was believed by the French to have a role in the murder of Henri Lambert, a former French consular agent at Aden while on his way to Tadjoura, and who was incidentally a major supporter of Sharmarke's main rival Abubakr Ibrahim Chehem, an Afar slave trader. Both the Turkish Pasha of Al-Hodeydah and the British Residency in Aden believed Sharmarke was wholly innocent of the charge, but the Haji and some of his supporters were arbitrarily arrested and handed to the French navy for a trial in Constantinople (although the trial was later moved to Jeddah).
Daptone Records
Daptone Records is an American funk and soul independent record label based in Brooklyn, New York. Best known as the home of Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings and Charles Bradley, the label boasts a roster which includes Menahan Street Band, The Budos Band, The Sugarman 3, and Antibalas, and runs the recording studio Daptone's House of Soul.

Sharon Jones & the Dap-Kings
Sharon Jones & the Dap-Kings were an American funk and soul band signed to Daptone Records. They were part of a revival movement of mid-1960s to mid-1970s style funk and soul music. They released their debut album Dap Dippin' in 2002, the first of seven studio albums. Their 2014 album Give the People What They Want was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. After Sharon Jones' death in 2016, the band released the posthumous album Soul of a Woman in 2017 and a compilation of cover songs in 2020.

The Dap-Kings, the Daptone house band, are notable for their collaborations with Mark Ronson, including their contributions to Amy Winehouse's Back to Black. The band continued to work and perform together through 2018.
Abhakara Kiartivongse
Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse, Prince of Chumphon (19 December 1880 – 19 May 1923) (Thai: พระองค์เจ้าอาภากรเกียรติวงศ์, RTGS: Phra Ong Chao Aphakon Kiantiwong, full title: Thai: พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอาภากรเกียรติวงศ์ กรมหลวงชุมพรเขตอุดมศักดิ์), was the 28th child of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). He was commonly revered as "The Father of the Thai Navy".

As the founder of the Thai Navy (then known as the 'Royal Siamese Navy'), Abhakara was highly praised by many Thais as "Sadej Tia" (Thai: เสด็จเตี่ย; lit. Lord Father), "Mor Phon" (Thai: หมอพร; lit. Doctor Phon). The Thai Royal Navy officially granted him the title of "the Father of the Thai Navy" in 1993.

There are 217 shrines and memorials built to honour him around Thailand. The most famous of these is the Prince of Chumphon Shrine at Hat Sai Ree in Chumphon Province, where he recuperated and rehabilitated from his illnesses, before his death on 19 May 1923.

Royal Thai Navy
The Royal Thai Navy (Abrv: RTN, ทร.; Thai: กองทัพเรือไทย, RTGS: kong thap ruea thai) is the naval warfare force of Thailand. Established in 1906, it was modernised by the Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartiwongse (1880–1923) who is known as the father of the Royal Navy. It has a structure that includes the naval fleet, Royal Thai Marine Corps, and Air and Coastal Defence Command. The RTN headquarters is at Sattahip Naval Base.

The navy operates three naval area commands (NAC): Northern Gulf of Thailand (First NAC); Southern Gulf of Thailand (Second NAC); and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) (Third NAC). RTN also has two air wings and one flying unit on its aircraft carrier.
Occupation of Cullaville
The occupation of Cullaville took place on 22 April 1993, when 12 armed members of the South Armagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) set up a checkpoint on the main crossroads of Cullaville, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, isolating the small village for a two-hour period, despite the presence of a British Army watchtower some yards away. The IRA men withdrew before the security forces in the area could react.

Cullaville
Cullaville or Culloville (from Irish Baile Mhic Cullach, meaning 'MacCullach's townland' or McCulloch's ville or town is a small village and townland near Crossmaglen in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is the southernmost settlement in the county and one of the southernmost in Northern Ireland, straddling the Irish border. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 400 people. The village is on a busy crossroads on the main Dundalk to Castleblaney road (the A37 in Northern Ireland and N53 in the Republic); three of the roads lead across the border and the fourth leads to Crossmaglen.