hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau
Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau (July 5, 1905 –1970) was a pioneering Haitian sociologist and educator. In 1934, she was one of the principal founders of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Women's Social Action League), the first feminist organization registered in Haiti.

Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale
Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale was a women's organization in Haiti, founded in 1934. It was founded by the leading suffragist Yvonne Sylvain  in 1934. It was the first feminist organization in Haiti, and played an important role for the struggle for women's suffrage, which was finally introduced in 1950.
Stercobilin
Stercobilin is a tetrapyrrolic bile pigment and is one end-product of heme catabolism. It is the chemical responsible for the brown color of human feces and was originally isolated from feces in 1932. Stercobilin (and related urobilin) can be used as a marker for biochemical identification of fecal pollution levels in rivers.

Urobilin
Urobilin, also known as urochrome, is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related colorless compound urobilinogen, are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme.
The Arrival (album)
The Arrival is the ninth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Hypocrisy, released on 16 February 2004. It is the last album with their longtime drummer Lars Szöke. The song "Eraser" was made into a music video. The album was also released in a strictly limited boxset, containing "The Arrival", eight postcards and a bonus DVD of Hypocrisy's complete live show at Summer Breeze Festival in 2002.

Dan Swanö (tracks 1, 3, 4, 7–9) and Silenoz (track 5) wrote lyrics for the album. The band wrote lyrics for track 2 and Tägtgren also wrote lyrics for tracks 4–6.

Peter Tägtgren
Alf Peter Tägtgren (born 3 June 1970) is a Swedish musician, record producer and songwriter. He is the owner of The Abyss recording studio and has produced numerous records for heavy metal and extreme metal acts.

Tägtgren is the founder, main songwriter, lead vocalist, and guitarist of death metal band Hypocrisy as well as the industrial metal band Pain in which he is the only member.
Taylor Eigsti
Taylor Eigsti (born September 24, 1984) is an American jazz pianist and composer. Eigsti's trio features bassist Harish Raghavan and drummer Eric Harland. He is also a member of Eric Harland's Voyager, Kendrick Scott's Oracle, and Gretchen Parlato's group.

A child prodigy, Eigsti has been a faculty member at the Stanford Jazz Workshop at Stanford University since age 15. Eigsti has twice won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album, for Tree Falls in 2023 and Plot Armor in 2025.

Eric Harland
Eric Harland (born November 8, 1976, in Houston, Texas) is an American jazz drummer.

In addition to leading his own group, Harland is a member of Charles Lloyd's Quartet, Dave Holland's Prism, James Farm with Joshua Redman, and Taylor Eigsti's Trio.

He has also been a member of McCoy Tyner's Quartet, Kurt Rosenwinkel's Standards Trio, Aaron Goldberg's Trio, Julian Lage's Trio, Chris Potter's Trio, and Terence Blanchard's Quintet, among other groups. He was a member of the SFJAZZ Collective from 2005 to 2012.
The Return of the Holy Family from the Flight into Egypt
The Return of the Holy Family from the Flight into Egypt (Dutch: De terugkeer van de Heilige Familie van de vlucht naar Egypte) is an oil painting by Jacob Jordaens, created around 1618 to 1620. It depicts the return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth. The painting was plundered by Nazi soldiers in 1940, before being restituted to the descendants of its original owner Joseph Scheppers de Bergstein, a Belgian resistance fighter, in 2025.

Nazi plunder
Nazi authorities systematically plundered art and valuables from occupied European countries. Jewish property was looted beginning in 1933 in Germany and was a key part of the Holocaust. Nazis also plundered occupied countries, sometimes with direct seizures, and sometimes under the guise of protecting art through Kunstschutz units. In addition to gold, silver, and currency, cultural items of great significance were stolen, including paintings, ceramics, books, and religious treasures.

Many of the artworks looted by the Nazis were recovered by the Allies' Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA, also known as the Monuments Men and Women), following the war; however many of them are still missing or were returned to countries but not to their original owners. An international effort to identify Nazi plunder which still remains unaccounted for is underway, with the ultimate aim of returning the items to their rightful owners, their families, or their respective countries.
Luisenstadt
Luisenstadt (German pronunciation: [luˈiːzn̩ˌʃtat] ⓘ) is a former quarter (Stadtteil) of central Berlin, now divided between the present localities of Mitte and Kreuzberg. It gave its name to the Luisenstadt Canal and the Luisenstädtische Kirche.

Luisenstädtische Kirche
The Luisenstädtische Kirche was a church building in Berlin, in the former Luisenstadt district (now part of the Berlin-Mitte and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg districts), on Alte Jacobstraße between Sebastianstraße and Stallschreiberstraße. It was originally known as the Kirche in der Cöpenicker Vorstadt (church in the Köpenick suburb), then from 1785 to 1795 as the Köllnische Vorstadtkirche (Cöllnian suburb church), then from 1795 to 1837 as the Sebastiankirche, after presbyter and city-councillor Sebastian Nethe, taking its final name in 1837.
Golbui-ye Pain
Golbui-ye Pain (Persian: گلبوي پائين) is a village in, and the former capital of, Belharat Rural District of Belharat District, Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. The rural district's capital has been transferred to the village of Rigi.

Belharat Rural District
Belharat Rural District (Persian: دهستان بلهرات) is in Belharat District of Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rigi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Golbui-ye Pain.
Valley Road station
Valley Road station is a light rail station in Milton, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA's Mattapan Line, a branch of the Red Line. The station is located off Eliot Street near Valley Road and consists of two side platforms that serve the lines's two tracks. Valley Road is the only station on the line that is not accessible.

Mattapan Line
The Mattapan Line (alternatively the Mattapan Trolley and historically the Ashmont–Mattapan High-Speed Line) is a partially grade-separated light rail line which forms part of the MBTA's Red Line rapid transit line. The line, which runs through Boston and Milton, Massachusetts, opened on August 26, 1929, as a conversion of a former commuter rail line.  It exclusively uses PCC streetcars built in the 1940s. Passengers must transfer at Ashmont to access the rest of the Red Line, which uses heavy rail metro rolling stock.

The trolley's 2.6-mile (4.2 km) route is used only by streetcars and has just two public grade crossings. All stations have low platforms, but all except Valley Road have been retrofitted with wheelchair lifts or wooden ramps for accessibility. Unlike most heritage streetcar lines, it is an integral part of the modern MBTA transit system rather than a tourist attraction. A rebuild of the line for modern light rail vehicles is planned.
Nicolas Véron
Nicolas Véron (French pronunciation: [nikɔla veʁɔ̃]) is a French economist. He is a senior fellow at Bruegel in Brussels, which he co-founded in 2002–05, and at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington DC, which he joined in 2009. In 2012, he was included in the global 50 Most Influential list of Bloomberg Markets Magazine.

Bruegel (think tank)
Bruegel is a think tank devoted to policy research on economic issues. Based in Brussels, it started operations in 2005 and currently conducts research in five different focus areas with the aim of improving economic debate and policy-making.

Bruegel was recognised as the best international economics think tank worldwide (non-US) and the second best think tank worldwide (US and non-US), according to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Report.

It has a governance and funding model based on memberships from Member States of the European Union, international corporations, and other institutions.
Cerata
The tortrix moth genus Cerata is considered a junior synonym of Cydia.

Cerata, singular ceras, are anatomical structures found externally in nudibranch sea slugs, especially in aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Aeolidida. The word ceras comes from the Greek word κέρας (kéras), meaning "horn", a reference to the shape of these structures.

Cerata are dorsal and lateral outgrowths on the upper surfaces of the body of these nudibranchs.

Aeolidida
The Aeolidida is a taxonomic clade of sea slugs, specifically aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Cladobranchia.
They are distinguished from other nudibranchs by their possession of cerata containing cnidosacs.
Frederick DuCane Godman
Frederick DuCane Godman DCL FRS FLS FGS FRGS FES FZS MRI FRHS (15 January 1834 – 19 February 1919) was an English lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist. He was one of the twenty founding members of the British Ornithologists' Union. Along with Osbert Salvin, he is remembered for studying the fauna and flora of Central America.

Godman collected Iznik, Hispano-Moresque and early Iranian pottery. His collection of more than 600 pieces was donated to the British Museum through the will of his younger daughter, Catherine, who died in 1982.

British Ornithologists' Union
The British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) aims to encourage the study of birds (ornithology) around the world in order to understand their biology and aid their conservation. The BOU was founded in 1858 by Professor Alfred Newton, Henry Baker Tristram and other scientists.  Its quarterly journal, Ibis, has been published continuously since 1859.

The Records Committee (BOURC) is a committee of the BOU established to maintain the British List, the official list of birds recorded in Great Britain.

BOU is headquartered in Peterborough and is a registered charity in England & Wales and Scotland.
Thibaud Elzière
Thibaud Elzière (born September 13, 1979 in Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, in France), is a French entrepreneur and founder of several startups. In 2004, he co-founded the stock photography company Fotolia, which was sold to Adobe in 2014 for 800 million euros. In 2011, he co-founded eFounders, a startup studio that became Hexa in 2022, which he still manages today.

He has launched several other companies, including Gama Space, a solar sail project, Iconic House, which rents out prestige real estate, and Kate, a microcar manufacturer. He has been at the helm of Folk, an xRM project created within Hexa, since 2019. Also an angel investor, he has personally invested in around a hundred startups since 2009, including Algolia, Notion and Hugging Face. Since 2020, Thibaud Elzière has been included in Challenges magazine's ranking of France's 500 richest people.

Hexa (company)
Hexa, named eFounders until 2022, is a startup studio created in 2011 in Brussels and Paris, by Thibaud Elzière and Quentin Nickmans. The concept of the company, which initially specialized in software as a service (SaaS), is to start startups by partnering with founders and providing them, at project launch, with the idea, seed money and strategic advice.
Clifton Newman
Clifton B. Newman (born November 7, 1951) is an American attorney and former at-large judge of the South Carolina Circuit Court. He served as a judge since his election by the state's general assembly in 2000. In 2021, he was reelected to a final fourth term and retired in December 2023. In his role as a circuit court judge he presided over several high-profile trials, including the trials of Michael Slager, Nathaniel Rowland, Mikal Mahdi, and Alex Murdaugh. He currently works for JAMS, a private arbitration association.

Trial of Alex Murdaugh
State of South Carolina v. Richard Alexander Murdaugh was the trial of former American lawyer Alex Murdaugh for the murders of his wife, Maggie, and their 22-year-old son, Paul, on June 7, 2021. The trial in the fourteenth circuit of the South Carolina Circuit Court began on January 25, 2023, and ended on March 2 with a guilty verdict on all four counts. Murdaugh, who had pleaded not guilty, was sentenced to two life sentences to run consecutively without the possibility of parole. He soon filed a motion for new trial, alleging that the court clerk tampered with the jury; a new trial court judge denied the motion in January 2024.

Local media called the trial South Carolina's "trial of the century" and "one of the most high-profile and sensational cases in South Carolina legal history".

On May 14, 2025, former trial clerk Becky Hill was arrested and charged with felony misconduct; this was seen as reviving if not increasing Murdaugh's efforts to obtain a new trial.
Naxos
Naxos (/ˈnæksɒs, -soʊs/; Greek: Νάξος, pronounced [ˈnaksos]) is a Greek island belonging to the Cyclades island group. It is the largest island in the group. The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City, with 8,897 inhabitants out of the total 20,578 in the island (2021 census). The main villages are Filoti, Apiranthos, Vivlos, Agios Arsenios, Koronos and Glynado. It was an important centre during the Bronze Age Cycladic Culture and in the Ancient Greek Archaic Period. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best abrasives available.

Cyclades
The Cyclades (/ˈsɪklədiːz/; Greek: Κυκλάδες, romanized: Kykládes, IPA: [ciˈkla.ðes]) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name (Κυκλάδες νήσοι, Kykládes nísoi, 'encircling islands') refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos; the most populated, however, is Syros.
Leucoraja
Leucoraja is a genus of hardnose skates in the family Rajidae, commonly known as the rough skates. They occur mostly on continental shelves and slopes in the north-western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the south-western Indian Ocean, and Australia.

Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera. Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae).

Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced.
Catalan Transversal Range
Pyrenees

Pre-Pyrenees

Catalan Central Depression

Smaller mountain ranges of the Central Depression

Catalan Transversal Range

Catalan Pre-Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Depression and other coastal and pre-coastal plains

The Catalan Transversal Range (Serralada Transversal) is a system of minor mountain ranges at the eastern end of the Pre-Pyrenees, between the Osona and Garrotxa comarques. The existence of the Catalan Transversal Range has made communications in the northern areas of Catalonia difficult in the past, especially between Northeastern Catalonia (Catalan Coastal Depression, with cities like Girona, Figueres and La Jonquera) and Western Catalonia (Catalan Mediterranean System; Lleida, Cervera and further west to Aragón), a problem that has been partly solved with the development of the Eix Transversal.

Pre-Pyrenees
Pyrenees

Pre-Pyrenees

Catalan Central Depression

Smaller mountain ranges of the Central Depression

Catalan Transversal Range

Catalan Pre-Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Depression and other coastal and pre-coastal plains

The Pre-Pyrenees are the foothills of the Pyrenees.
Mississippi Highway 27
Mississippi Highway 27 (MS 27) is a state highway in Mississippi. It runs from south to north for 120.9 miles (194.6 km) across the western and south-central parts of the state, serving 5 counties: Walthall, Lawrence, Copiah, Hinds, and Warren.  The segment between Vicksburg and Crystal Springs is known vernacularly as the "Utica cutoff" because it facilitates a circumvention of Jackson for I-20 / I-55 traffic flowing between Vicksburg and Hammond.

Walthall County, Mississippi
Walthall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,884. Its county seat is Tylertown. The county is named after Civil War Confederate general and Mississippi Senator Edward C. Walthall.
Depsang Bulge
The Depsang Bulge or Burtsa Bulge
is a 900-square-kilometre area
of mountain terrain in the disputed Aksai Chin region, which was conceded to India by China in 1960, but has remained under Chinese occupation since the 1962 Sino-Indian War.
The area is immediately to the south of the Depsang Plains and encloses the basin of the Burtsa Nala (or Tiannan River, Chinese: 天南河), a stream originating in the Aksai Chin region and flowing west to merge with the Depsang Nala near the village of Burtsa in Ladakh, eventually draining into the Shyok River. The area is perceived to be of strategic importance to both the countries, sandwiched by strategic roads linking border outposts.
Since 2013, China has made attempts to push the Line of Actual Control further west into Indian territory, threatening India's strategic road.

Depsang Plains
The Depsang Plains, a high-altitude gravelly plain in the northwest portion of the disputed Aksai Chin region of Kashmir, divided into Indian and Chinese administered portions by a Line of Actual Control. India controls the western portion of the plains as part of Ladakh, while the eastern portion is controlled by China and claimed by India. The Line of Control with Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan is 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of the Depsang Plains, with the Siachen Glacier in-between. Ladakh's traditional trade route to Central Asia passed through the Depsang Plains, with the Karakoram Pass lying directly to its north.

The Depsang plains are also part of the area called Sub-Sector North (SSN) by the Indian military. The area sees frequent tension between China and India. Major standoffs between the two countries occurred in 2013, 2015 and 2020.
Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in County Durham, England, with a population of 84,815 at the 2021 UK census. It gives its name to and is the largest settlement in the wider Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. It is part of Teesside and the Tees Valley, on the northern bank of the River Tees.

The River Tees was straightened in the early 19th century, so that larger ships could access the town. The ports have since relocated closer to the North Sea, and ships are no longer able to sail from the sea to the town. This is due to the building of the Tees Barrage, which was installed to manage tidal flooding. The Stockton and Darlington Railway served the port during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The railway was also the world's first permanent steam-powered passenger railway.

Tees Barrage
The Tees Barrage is a barrage and road bridge across the River Tees, Northern England, just upriver of Blue House Point and is used to control the flow of the river, preventing flooding and the effects of tidal change. It is between the towns of Stockton-on-Tees and Thornaby, road access is only by the latter with limited road access to the Tees's north bank.

The Tees Barrage comprises a river barrage, road bridge, footbridge, barge lock, fish pass and access point to a white water course.
The waters above the barrage are permanently held at the level of an average high tide and are used for watersports such as canoeing, jet skiing, dragonboat racing and incorporates a 1 km rowing course.

The Tees Barrage and Tees Barrage International White Water Course were developed by the defunct Teesside Development Corporation.
One UI
One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its mobile, computing devices and TVs, including Android devices running Android 9 "Pie" and later.

The successor to Samsung Experience, Samsung designed One UI to make using larger smartphones easier and be more visually appealing. It was announced and unveiled at Samsung Developer Conference in 2018, and was updated in Galaxy Unpacked in February 2019 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold, since then receiving yearly upgrades.

The latest stable version, One UI 8, was released on July 25, 2025 with the launch of the Galaxy Z Fold 7, Z Flip 7 and Z Flip 7 FE after starting beta testing in May, with other phones receiving the update starting on September 15, 2025 with the Galaxy S25 series in South Korea.

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 7
The Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 7 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Flip7) is a foldable smartphone developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It was officially announced on July 9, 2025, at the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event held in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, alongside the Galaxy Z Fold 7 and the Galaxy Watch 8 series.

Samsung also introduced a derivative model, the Galaxy Z Flip 7 FE (stylized as Galaxy Z Flip7 FE), which features a slimmer and lighter design and is equipped with a 50 MP main camera, and it is based on the full predecessor.
German submarine U-559
German submarine U-559 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.

Laid down on 1 February 1940 at the Blohm & Voss shipyards in Hamburg as "Baunummer 535" ("Yard number 535"), she was launched on 8 January 1941 and commissioned on 27 February under Kapitänleutnant Hans Heidtmann.

She began her service career with the 1st U-boat Flotilla, undergoing training before being declared operational on 1 June 1941. She moved to the 29th U-boat Flotilla on 15 April 1942. She sank five ships but is perhaps best remembered for an incident during her sinking in the Mediterranean Sea in 1942, in which British sailors seized cryptographic material from her. This material was extremely valuable in breaking the U-boat Enigma machine cipher.

German submarine U-110 (1940)
German submarine U-110 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She was captured by the Royal Navy on 9 May 1941 and provided a number of secret cipher documents to the British. U-110's capture, later given the code name "Operation Primrose", was one of the biggest secrets of the war, remaining so for seven months. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was only told of the capture by Winston Churchill in January 1942.
Peking duck
Peking duck is a dish from Beijing that has been prepared since the Imperial era. The meat is characterized by its thin, crispy skin, with authentic versions of the dish serving mostly the skin and little meat, sliced in front of the diners by the cook. Ducks bred especially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven. The meat is often eaten with spring onion, cucumber, and sweet bean sauce, with pancakes rolled around the fillings. Aromatic duck is a similar dish to Peking duck and is popular in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Spring pancake
The spring pancake (simplified Chinese: 春饼; traditional Chinese: 春餅; pinyin: chūnbǐng) is a traditional Chinese flatbread unique to the northern regions. The pancake is prepared by rubbing oil between two thin layers of leavened dough; after steaming, the pancake can be peeled apart to add fillings. People eat spring pancakes during Lichun to celebrate the beginning spring.