hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali
Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali (Arabic: محمد غازي الجلالي; born 22 March 1969) is a Syrian politician and civil engineer who served as the  prime minister of Syria from 14 September to 10 December 2024. He is the last person to serve as prime minister of Syria under the presidency of Bashar al-Assad and the last head of government of the Ba'athist regime. Al-Jalali is known for his transfer of power from the Assad regime to the new Syrian government.

Bashar al-Assad named him prime minister on 14 September 2024, following the 2024 parliamentary election. He previously held the position of minister of communications and information technology in the second government of Wael Nader al-Halqi from 27 August 2014 to 3 July 2016.

Following the fall of the Assad regime on 8 December, he remained in Damascus and managed the transfer of power from the government to the rebels before being replaced by Mohammed al-Bashir two days later.

Mohammed al-Bashir
Mohammed al-Bashir (Arabic: محمد البشير, romanized: Muḥammad al-Bashīr; born 1984) is a Syrian politician and engineer who is currently serving as the minister of energy in the Syrian transitional government since March 2025. He previously served as the last prime minister of Syria. As prime minister, he led the Syrian caretaker government, which was formed after the fall of the Assad regime, and succeeded Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali in his role.

Al-Bashir had also served as the fifth and final prime minister of the Syrian Salvation Government, the civilian administration of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, from his election on 13 January 2024 until his appointment by the Syrian General Command as the prime minister of Syria.
Great ape language
Great ape language research historically involved attempts to teach chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans to communicate using imitative human speech, sign language, physical tokens and computerized lexigrams. These studies were controversial, with debate focused on the definition of language, the welfare of test subjects, and the anthropocentric nature of this line of inquiry.

The consensus among linguists remains that human language is unique.

Contemporary research has steered away from attempting to teach apes human language and focuses instead on observing apes' intraspecies communication in zoos and natural habitats. This includes gestures, facial expressions, and vocalizations.

Yerkish
Yerkish is an artificial language developed for use by non-human primates. It employs a keyboard whose keys contain lexigrams, symbols corresponding to objects or ideas.

Lexigrams were notably used by the Georgia State University Language Research Center to communicate with bonobos and chimpanzees. Researchers and primates were able to communicate using lexigram boards made in up to three panels with a total of 384 keys.
Zaxby's
Zaxbys is an American chain of fast casual restaurants offering chicken fingers, sandwiches, chicken wings, appetizers, and salads. The chain operates primarily in the Southern United States and has more than 900 locations. Most Zaxbys restaurants are owned and operated through franchising.

Fast casual restaurant
A fast casual restaurant, found primarily in the United States, is a restaurant that does not offer full table service, but advertises higher quality food than fast-food restaurants. It is an intermediate concept between fast food and casual dining.
Alfred E. Barnes
Alfred Edward Barnes (5 March 1892 – 11 May 1960) was an architect from Kansas City, Missouri. He was a partner with Henry F. Hoit and Edwin M. Price in the leading architectural firm of Hoit, Price and Barnes.

Edwin M. Price
Edwin M. Price (18 October 1884 – 11 January 1957) was an American architect based in Kansas City, Missouri. He was a partner with Henry F. Hoit and Alfred E. Barnes in the notable firm Hoit, Price and Barnes.
Scarborough East (provincial electoral district)
Scarborough East was a provincial electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created prior to the 1963 provincial election and eliminated in 1996, when most of its territory was incorporated into the riding of Pickering—Scarborough East. Scarborough East riding was created from part of the former riding of York—Scarborough. It was in the former borough of Scarborough.

Seven Members of Provincial Parliament represented the riding during its 
history. Liberals Ed Fulton and Mary Anne Chambers and Conservatives Margaret Birch and Steve Gilchrist were all members of cabinet in their respective times.

York—Scarborough (provincial electoral district)
York—Scarborough was an Ontario provincial electoral district that existed from 1955 to 1963. It occupied the entire area of the former borough of Scarborough. In 1963 it was split between four new ridings: Scarborough North, Scarborough East, Scarborough Centre and Scarborough West.
Processional giants and dragons in Belgium and France
The processional giants and dragons (French: Géants et dragons processionnels) of Belgium and France are a set of folkloric manifestations involving processional giants, which have been inscribed by UNESCO on the lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2008, originally proclaimed in November 2005.

Through these festivals and their giants, this concerns the set of gigantic manifestations specific to each country. In the case of Belgium, these are the festivities of Dendermonde (Ommegang van Dendermonde), Mechelen (Ommegang van Mechelen), Mons (the Ducasse de Mons, and the fight which is named the "Lumeçon"), Ath (the Ducasse d'Ath) and Brussels (the Meyboom). For France, these are the feasts at Douai (feasts of Gayant) and Cassel (carnival) and the totemic animals and their celebrations in Tarascon and Pézenas (Mardi Gras, inauguration of the Mirondela dels Arts on the first Sunday in July).

This proclamation allows for a valorisation of these popular festivals and their protection.

Ducasse d'Ath
The Ducasse d'Ath is a traditional folk festival held in Ath, Hainaut, Belgium, to mark the victory of David over Goliath. The parade is held annually on the fourth Sunday of August and is characterised by the presence of processional giants depicting the horse Bayard and several other characters from local history. From 2008 to 2022, it was recognised as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Dream High
Dream High (Korean: 드림하이) is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Bae Suzy, Kim Soo-hyun, Ok Taec-yeon, Hahm Eun-jung, Jang Wooyoung and Lee Ji-eun. It aired on KBS2 from January 3 to February 28, 2011, every Monday and Tuesday at 22:00 (KST).

The drama was popular among teenagers, and brought in average viewership ratings of 15.7% during its two-month run. A special episode, in which the cast of the show performed the Dream High Special Concert on a stage near Seoul on February 24, 2011, was aired on March 1, 2011, the day after the series ended.

Its sequel Dream High 2 aired a year later with a different cast.

Dream High 2
Dream High 2 (Korean: 드림하이 2) is a 2012 South Korean television series starring Kang So-ra, Jay B, Jeong Jin-woon, Park Ji-yeon, Hyolyn, and Park Seo-joon. It aired on KBS2 from January 30 to March 20, 2012, every Monday and Tuesday at 22:00 (KST) for 16 episodes.

Original soundtracks from the show met with commercial and critical success and won the "Best Music" award at the first DramaFever Awards. "We Are The B" and "Superstar" also received nominations at the 7th Seoul International Drama Awards.
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. An overview of hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary.

Hash function security summary
This article summarizes publicly known attacks against cryptographic hash functions. Note that not all entries may be up to date. For a summary of other hash function parameters, see comparison of cryptographic hash functions.
Mohammed Hameeduddin
Mohammed Hameeduddin (born c. 1973) is an American former politician and the Mayor of Teaneck, New Jersey. He was elected on July 1, 2010, in a 5–2 vote by the non-partisan township council. The son of immigrants from Hyderabad, India, Hameeduddin is the first Muslim-American to be elected mayor in Bergen County, and one of a few Muslims to hold the office of mayor in the United States.

On July 1, 2016, Hameeduddin was again elected Mayor of Teaneck by the town council following the death of Mayor Lizette Parker in April.  His term of service ended July 1, 2020.

Lizette Parker
Lizette Parker (August 31, 1971 – April 24, 2016) was an American politician and social worker. She served as the Mayor of Teaneck, New Jersey, from 2014 until her death in April 2016.  Parker was the first black woman to serve as Mayor of Teaneck, as well as the first black woman to serve as the mayor of any municipality in Bergen County, the state's most populous county. Coincidentally, she succeeded former Mayor Mohammed Hameeduddin, who became the first Muslim to become the Mayor of a Bergen County community in 2010.
Paramount Media Networks
Paramount Media Networks is the division of Paramount Skydance Corporation that oversees the operations of its television channels and online brands. The division was originally founded as MTV Networks in 1984, named after MTV. It would be known under this name until 2011; when it would be thereafter known as Viacom Media Networks until 2019; and ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks until 2022.

The division's television assets are managed through four units: MTV Entertainment Group, Showtime Networks, BET Media Group, and Nickelodeon Group. Paramount's international/foreign assets are overseen by Paramount International Networks.

Nickelodeon Group
Nickelodeon Group (also known as Nickelodeon Networks Inc. and as its family distribution name Paramount Kids and Family Group, or simply Nickelodeon or Nick), is an American company, as a children’s and family entertainment arm of Paramount Skydance Corporation through its Paramount Media Networks division that oversees cable television channels (including its flagship service Nickelodeon).
Gregorio Pacheco
Gregorio Pacheco Leyes (4 July 1823 – 20 August 1899) was a Bolivian businessman and entrepreneur who served as the 21st president of Bolivia from 1884 to 1888. Pacheco won a disputed election that was a virtual three-way tie between him, Conservative leader Aniceto Arce, and Liberal leader Eliodoro Camacho. Pacheco had earned a fortune in the silver mining industry and was one of the country's foremost philanthropists.

Aniceto Arce
Aniceto Arce Ruiz de Mendoza (15 April 1824 – 14 August 1906) was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd president of Bolivia from 1888 to 1892. He also served as the fourth vice president of Bolivia from 1880 to 1881 under Narciso Campero. The Aniceto Arce Province is named after him.

Through his stakes in the silver-mining company Compañía Minera Huanchaca Arce was Bolivia's wealthiest man. In addition, he came to own a vast cattle ranch in the southeastern lowlands, an indigenous Ava Guaraní territory forcefully incorporated to Bolivia in the second half of the 19th century.
LaSalle County, Illinois
LaSalle County is a county located within the Fox Valley and Illinois River Valley regions of the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 Census, it had a population of 109,658. Its county seat and largest city is Ottawa. LaSalle County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area of Northern Illinois.

LaSalle County borders Woodford, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Livingston, Lee, DeKalb, Kendall, and Grundy counties. Though LaSalle County is in the Chicago media market, it retains a unique identity with a mix of river towns and vast expanses of farmland. The county lies at the intersection of the Chicago, Peoria, Quad Cities and Rockford television markets with all four regions broadcasting within its borders and having a strong influence on the area, despite the county being only 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Chicago.

DeKalb County, Illinois
DeKalb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 100,420. Its county seat is Sycamore. DeKalb County is part of the Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Headstock
A headstock or peghead is part of a guitar or similar stringed instruments such as a lute, mandolin, banjo, ukulele and others of the lute lineage. The main function of a headstock is to house the tuning pegs or other mechanism that holds the strings at the "head" of the instrument; it corresponds to a pegbox in the violin family. At the "tail" of the instrument the strings are usually held by a tailpiece or bridge. Machine heads on the headstock are commonly used to tune the instrument by adjusting the tension of strings and, consequently, the pitch of sound they produce.

Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments
A variety of methods are used to tune different stringed instruments. Most change the pitch produced when the string is played by adjusting the tension of the strings.

A tuning peg in a pegbox is perhaps the most common system. A peg has a grip or knob on it to allow it to be turned. A tuning pin is a tuning peg with a detachable grip, called a tuning lever. The socket on the tuning lever fits over the pin and allows it to be turned. Tuning pins are used on instruments where there is no space for a knob on each string, such as pianos and harps.

Turning the peg or pin tightens or loosens the string. Some tuning pegs and pins are tapered, some threaded. Some tuning pegs are ornamented with shell, metal, or plastic inlays, beads (pips) or rings.

Other tuning systems include screw-and-lever tuners, geared tuners, and the konso friction tuning system (using braided leather rings).
Oaklands railway line, New South Wales
The Oaklands railway line is a partly-closed railway line in New South Wales, Australia. It is a branch of the Main South line at The Rock, and heads in a south-westerly direction through the towns of Boree Creek and Urana, terminating at Oaklands.

The line opened to Lockhart in 1901, and to Oaklands in 1912. Passenger services were withdrawn in 1974, and the line is now closed beyond Boree Creek. Grain haulage provides the main traffic on the line.

From Oaklands, a line heads south to the Victorian border on the Murray River, and then to Benalla, Victoria. That line was formerly Victorian broad gauge, but was converted to standard gauge in 2009.

Oaklands railway line, Victoria
The Oaklands railway line is a freight-only railway line in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. The line branches from the main North East railway at Benalla station and runs across the Victoria-New South Wales border to the town of Oaklands, New South Wales.
Norwich Sea Unicorns
The Norwich Sea Unicorns are a baseball team located in Norwich, Connecticut. From 2010 to 2020, they were members of Minor League Baseball's New York–Penn League (NYPL) as the Class A Short Season affiliate of the Detroit Tigers. They play their home games at Senator Thomas J. Dodd Memorial Stadium. They were previously known as the Connecticut Tigers from 2010 to 2019. With Major League Baseball's reorganization of the minor leagues after the 2020 season, Norwich was not selected to continue in affiliated baseball. Starting with the 2021 season, Norwich plays in the Futures Collegiate Baseball League.

Senator Thomas J. Dodd Memorial Stadium
Senator Thomas J. Dodd Memorial Stadium is a stadium in Norwich, Connecticut.  It is primarily used for baseball, and since 2010, has been the home of the Norwich Sea Unicorns, who were previously known as the Connecticut Tigers. It was the home field of the Connecticut Defenders (previously known as the Norwich Navigators) minor league baseball team until 2009 when the Defenders announced their move to Richmond, Virginia, to become known as the Richmond Flying Squirrels. It was built in 1995 and has a seating capacity of 6,270.   It is named for Eastern Connecticut native Thomas Dodd who was a United States senator and Representative from Connecticut, and the father of U.S. Senator Christopher Dodd.
Deadly Quicksilver Lies
Deadly Quicksilver Lies is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the seventh novel in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. It was published in 1994. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.

Garrett P.I.
Garrett P.I. is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Glen Cook about Garrett, a freelance private investigator. The novels are written in a hard-boiled detective fiction style, with elements of traditional mystery and dialogue-based humor. Garrett, during his adventures in his home city of TunFaire and across Karenta and the Cantard, has to deal with elves, vampires, centaurs, trolls, and numerous mixed breeds, along with gods, wizards, witches and more. Unlike most fantasy series, the Garrett P.I. novels focus more on the detective aspects of the story and less on the magical.
Computer file
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older computer systems lacked a distinct file system per se, yet a management feature is required in order to provide a file abstraction.

Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.

Different types of computer files are designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a written message, a document, a spreadsheet, an image, a video, a program, or any wide variety of other kinds of data. Certain files can store multiple data types at once.

By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times.

File copying
In computing, file copying is the act of creating a new file such that it has the same content as an existing file. The operation is sometimes called cloning.

Generally, an operating system command-line shell provides for file copying via commands  cp, copy and similar variants.  mv also copies files but only when the source and destination are on different file systems. Windows also provides includes the more advanced tools: Robocopy and xcopy.

Many operating systems also provide for copying files via a graphical user interface, such as a file manager. It may provide for copy-and-paste and drag-and-drop user experience.

Notable third-party utilities:

FastCopy

Rclone

RichCopy

rsync

TeraCopy

Ultracopier
Saw E
Saw E Kan-Kaung (Burmese: စောအဲကံကောင်း, [sɔ́ ʔɛ́ ɡàɰ̃ ɡáʊɰ̃]; 1313/14–1330) was king of Martaban for 49 days in 1330. E was the last Martaban king to pledge allegiance to Sukhothai.

The eldest son of King Saw O (r. 1311–1323) was placed on the throne by Queen Sanda Min Hla, who made herself his chief queen. Although he had fought against Martaban's former overlord Sukhothai, after his accession, E quickly mended fences with his maternal grandfather King Loe Thai of Sukhothai. But Queen Sanda Min Hla was dissatisfied with the young king, and poisoned him seven weeks later. His assassination provoked an invasion by Sukhothai, which Sanda Min Hla and her new king Binnya E Law (r. 1330–1348) decisively defeated.

Saw O
Saw O (Burmese: စောအို, pronounced [sɔ́ ʔò]; also known as Saw Aw (စောအော, [sɔ́ ʔɔ́]); 1284–1323) was king of Martaban from 1311 to 1323. He transformed Martaban into a truly independent kingdom by successfully breaking with its hitherto nominal overlord Sukhothai.

He was put on the throne by his parents Gov. Min Bala of Myaungmya and Princess Hnin U Yaing, who had staged a coup against King Hkun Law. O emerged only after his father's death in the mid-to-late 1310s. He successfully broke with Sukhothai in 1317/18, and went on to capture Lamphun and the Tenasserim coast by 1321.
Scholar's mate
In chess, scholar's mate is the checkmate achieved by the following moves, or similar:

e4 e5

Qh5 Nc6

Bc4 Nf6??

Qxf7#

The same mating pattern may be reached by various move orders. For example, White might play 2.Bc4. In all variations, the basic idea is the same: the queen and bishop combine in a simple mating attack, occurring on f7 for White or on f2 for Black.

Scholar's mate is sometimes referred to as the four-move checkmate, although there are other ways for checkmate to occur in four moves. It is used almost exclusively by beginners. Defending against it is very simple, and if it is parried, the attacker's position usually worsens.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
XChat
XChat (originally styled X-Chat) is an Internet Relay Chat client. It has a tabbed document interface or tree interface, support for multiple servers, and numerous configuration options.

XChat was initially developed in the late 1990s for Unix-like systems, with a graphical user interface patterned closely after the contemporary Commodore Amiga IRC client AmIRC. Support for Microsoft Windows was officially added in 2001, with the Windows build becoming shareware in 2004.

Several third party builds of X-Chat were released under the GPL (see derivative software); these included free Windows builds and derivatives with native support for macOS's Aqua interface. After development stalled in 2013, it was largely superseded by a popular fork called HexChat.

HexChat
HexChat is a discontinued Internet Relay Chat client and is a fork of XChat. It has a choice of a tabbed document interface or tree interface, support for multiple servers, and numerous configuration options. Both command-line and graphical versions are available.

The client runs on Microsoft Windows and Unix-like operating systems, and many Linux distributions include packages in their repositories.
Fleet marriage
A Fleet marriage was a common example of an irregular or a clandestine marriage taking place in England before the Marriage Act 1753 came into force on March 25, 1754. Specifically, it was one which took place in London's Fleet Prison or its environs during the 17th and, especially, the early 18th century.

Clandestine Marriages Act 1753
The Clandestine Marriages Act 1753 (26 Geo. 2. c. 33), also called the Marriage Act 1753, long title "An Act for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage", popularly known as Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act, was the first statutory legislation in England and Wales to require a formal ceremony of marriage. It came into force on 25 March 1754. The act contributed to a dispute about the validity of a Scottish marriage, although pressure to address the problem of irregular marriages had been growing for some time.