hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Signal-flow graph
A signal-flow graph or signal-flowgraph (SFG), invented by Claude Shannon, but often called a Mason graph after Samuel Jefferson Mason who coined the term, is a specialized flow graph, a directed graph in which nodes represent system variables, and branches (edges, arcs, or arrows) represent functional connections between pairs of nodes. Thus, signal-flow graph theory builds on that of directed graphs (also called digraphs), which includes as well that of oriented graphs. This mathematical theory of digraphs exists, of course, quite apart from its applications.

SFGs are most commonly used to represent signal flow in a physical system and its controller(s), forming a cyber-physical system.  Among their other uses are the representation of signal flow in various electronic networks and amplifiers, digital filters, state-variable filters and some other types of analog filters.  In nearly all literature, a signal-flow graph is associated with a set of linear equations.

Coates graph
In mathematics, the Coates graph or Coates flow graph, named after C.L. Coates, is a graph associated with the  Coates' method for the solution of a system of linear equations.

The Coates graph Gc(A) associated with an n × n matrix A is an n-node, weighted, labeled, directed graph. The nodes, labeled 1 through n, are each associated with the corresponding row/column of A.  If entry aji ≠ 0 then there is a directed edge from node i to node j with weight aji. In other words, the Coates graph for matrix A is the one whose adjacency matrix is the transpose of A.
Iliohypogastric nerve
The iliohypogastric nerve is a nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus that supplies sensation to skin over the lateral gluteal and hypogastric regions and motor to the internal oblique muscles and  transverse abdominal muscles.

Abdominal internal oblique muscle
The internal abdominal oblique muscle, also internal oblique muscle or interior oblique or musculus obliquus abdominis internus, is an abdominal muscle in the abdominal wall that lies below the external abdominal oblique muscle and just above the transversus abdominis muscle.
Yeldos Smetov
Eldos Baqtybiaūly Smetov (Kazakh: Елдос Бақтыбайұлы Сметов; born 9 September 1992) is a Kazakh judoka and Olympic champion in 2024 in the under 60 kg weight category. He won gold medals at the 2014 Asian Games the 2015 World Championships, the 2016 Asian Championships, a silver medal at the 2016 Olympics, a bronze medal at the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo and a gold medal at the 2024 Olympics in Paris.

In the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, Smetov defeated Luka Mkheidze in the final and won the gold medal, becoming the first ever judoka from Kazakhstan and central asia to win a gold medal.

Smetov also secured gold and bronze medals at the World Juniors Championships in 2010 and 2011, respectively. He joined the adult national team in 2012 and won a bronze at the 2013 Asian Championships in Bangkok, a silver at a Grand Prix stage in Samsun 2013 – a stage of the European Cup in Tbilisi, and gold at an open European Cup in Warsaw. His first coach was Akhmet Zhumagulov.

Judo at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 60 kg
The Men's 60 kg event in Judo at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held at the Grand Palais Éphémère in Paris, France on 27 July 2024.

Yeldos Smetov and Luka Mkheidze, who were both the 2020 bronze medalists, fought in the final. Smetov won and became the Olympic champion. Ryuju Nagayama and Francisco Garrigós won the bronze medals, with Nagayama going through the repechage.
IPolitics
iPolitics is a Canadian digital newspaper, which covers stories in Canadian politics. The site was launched in 2010 by James Baxter, and offers daily coverage of political news, a quarterly print magazine, political analysis podcasts, and specialized parliamentary monitoring services. It also runs Queen's Park (QP) Briefing, which focuses on Ontario political news.

It was purchased by Torstar, the parent company of the Toronto Star in 2018, but split off in February 2023 following a division of Torstar assets between two former co-owners; former Torstar co-owner Paul Rivett received both publications.

Torstar
Torstar Corporation is a Canadian mass media company which primarily publishes news. It is known for publishing the Toronto Star, its flagship and namesake. Torstar was purchased by NordStar Capital LP, which is owned by Jordan Bitove. They also publish daily newspapers in Hamilton, Peterborough, Niagara Region, and Waterloo Region, in addition to their ownership of the Metroland Media Group and a 33.33% ownership of the Canadian Press.

The corporation was established in 1958 to take over operations of the Star from the Atkinson Foundation after a provincial law banned charitable organizations from owning for-profit entities. From 1958 to 2020, the class A shares of Torstar were held by the families of the original Atkinson Foundation trustees. The private investment firm NordStar Capital LP, formed by Paul Rivett and Jordan Bitove, acquired the company in 2020.  In 2022, Rivett left NordStar due to disputes with Bitove.
Spede Show
Spede Show was a Finnish sketch comedy series created by Spede Pasanen and aired on Mainos-TV between 1964 and 1987. The series featured prominent Finnish actors such as Spede Pasanen, Simo Salminen, Vesa-Matti Loiri, and Pentti Siimes. Known for its absurd humor and memorable characters, the show introduced iconic figures like Uuno Turhapuro and Nasse-setä. Spede Show won several television awards, including two Venla awards for "Funniest TV Show of the Year" in 1984 and 1985.

Uuno Turhapuro
Uuno Turhapuro is a Finnish comedy character and antihero created by Spede Pasanen and played by Vesa-Matti Loiri. Originally appearing in Spede Show during 1971–1973, the character gained popularity through the Uuno Turhapuro films.: 24–26
Haitian livre
The livre was the currency of Haiti until 1813. The Haitian livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use, in part, of Spanish coins. It was equal to the French livre and was subdivided into 20 sous, each of 12 deniers. The escalin of 15 sous was also used as a denomination, since it was equal to the Spanish colonial real. Coins specifically for use in Haiti were issued between 1802 and 1809, along with various overstamped coins.

The livre was replaced by the Haitian gourde in 1813 with the decimalization of its monetary system, at a rate of 1 gourde = 8 livre 5 sous (11 escalin).

Haitian gourde
The gourde (French: [ɡuʁd]) or goud (Haitian Creole: [ɡud]) is the currency of Haiti. Its ISO 4217 code is HTG and it is divided into 100 centimes (French) or santim (Creole).

The word "gourde" is a French cognate for the Spanish term "gordo", from the "pesos gordos" (also known in English as "hard" pieces of eight, and in French as "piastres fortes espagnoles") in which colonial-era contracts within the Spanish sphere of influence were often denominated.
Golden Ears Bridge
The Golden Ears Bridge is a six-lane extradosed bridge in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia. It spans the Fraser River, connecting Langley on the south side with Pitt Meadows and Maple Ridge on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.

Maple Ridge, British Columbia
Maple Ridge is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the northeastern section of Greater Vancouver between the Fraser River and the Golden Ears, a group of mountain summits which constitute the southernmost portion of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. Maple Ridge's population in 2021 was 90,990. Its downtown core area was once known as Haney.
Oblomov
Oblomov (Russian: Обломов, pronounced [ɐˈbloməf]) is the second novel by Russian writer Ivan Goncharov, first published in 1859. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the central character of the novel, portrayed as the ultimate incarnation of the superfluous man, a symbolic character in 19th-century Russian literature. Oblomov is a young, generous nobleman who seems incapable of making important decisions or undertaking any significant actions. Throughout the novel, he rarely leaves his room or bed. In the first 50 pages, he only manages to move from his bed to a chair.

The novel was popular when it came out, and some of its characters and devices have imprinted on Russian culture and language.

The Same Old Story (novel)
The Same Old Story (Russian: Обыкнове́нная исто́рия, romanized: Obyknovennaya istorya) is the first novel by Ivan Goncharov, written between 1844 and 1846 and published in 1847. It has also been published in English under the titles A Common Story and An Ordinary Story.
Tishchenko reaction
The Tishchenko reaction  is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction.

In the related Cannizzaro reaction, the base is sodium hydroxide and then the oxidation product is a carboxylic acid and the reduction product is an alcohol.

Cannizzaro reaction
The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction which involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to give a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Cannizzaro first accomplished this transformation in 1853, when he obtained benzyl alcohol and potassium benzoate from the treatment of benzaldehyde with potash (potassium carbonate).  More typically, the reaction would be conducted with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, giving the sodium or potassium carboxylate salt of the carboxylic-acid product:

2 C6H5CHO  +  KOH   →   C6H5CH2OH  +  C6H5COOK

The process is a redox reaction involving transfer of a hydride from one substrate molecule to the other: one aldehyde is oxidized to form the acid, the other is reduced to form the alcohol.
Shaun White
Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American former professional snowboarder and skateboarder. He is a five-time Olympian and a three-time Olympic gold medalist in half-pipe snowboarding. He holds the world record for the most X Games gold medals and most Olympic gold medals by a snowboarder. He has also won ten ESPY Awards throughout his career in various categories.

Outside of his Olympic and skateboarding career White plays guitar in the band the Bad Things and started his own snowboarding league "The Snow League" in 2025.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Eduard Bohlen
Eduard Bohlen was a ship that was wrecked on the Skeleton Coast of German Southwest Africa (now Namibia) on 5 September 1909 in a thick fog. The wreck currently lies in the sand 400 m (1,300 ft) from the shoreline.

MV Dunedin Star
MV Dunedin Star was a British refrigerated cargo liner. She was built by Cammell Laird and Co in 1935–36 as one of Blue Star Line's Imperial Star-class ships, designed to ship frozen meat from Australia and New Zealand to the UK. The ship served in the Second World War and is distinguished for her role in Operation Halberd to relieve the siege of Malta in September 1941.

Dunedin Star was lost at the end of November 1942 when she ran aground at Clan Alpine Shoal in the South Atlantic on the Skeleton Coast of Namibia, then South West Africa. A complex sea, air and land operation overcame many setbacks and rescued all of her passengers, crew and gunners. An aircraft, a tug and two of the tug's crew were lost in rescue attempts. It took a month for the last of Dunedin Star's crew to reach Cape Town, and more than two months for the last of the rescuers to return.
Linker histone H1 variants
In molecular biology, the linker histone H1 is a protein family forming a critical component of eukaryotic chromatin. H1 histones bind to the linker DNA exiting from the nucleosome core particle, while the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) form the octamer core of the nucleosome around which the DNA is wrapped.

H1 forms a complex family of related proteins with distinct specificity for tissues, developmental stages, and organisms in which they are expressed. Individual H1 proteins are often referred to as isoforms or variants.

The discovery of H1 variants in calf thymus preceded the discovery of core histone variants.

Histone H1
Histone H1 is one of the five main histone protein families which are components of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Though highly conserved, it is nevertheless the most variable histone in sequence across species.
Alexandroupolis railway station
Alexandroupolis railway station or Alexandroupolis Port railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Λιμένα Αλεξανδρούπολης, romanized: Sidirodromikos Stathmos Limena Alexandroupolis) is the main railway station of Alexandroupolis in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Built in the 1950s to combine the city's then-two stations, the current station is located in the city centre and acts as an interchange for services to Ormenio and Thessaloniki. Trains approaching from Thessaloniki must reverse for a few hundred meters to reach the station.

Alexandroupolis–Svilengrad railway
The Alexandroupolis–Svilengrad railway (Greek: Σιδηροδρομική γραμμή Αλεξανδρούπολης - Σβίλενγκραντ, romanized: Sidiródromos Alexandroúpolis-Svílen'nkrant) is a 178.5 kilometres (110.9 mi) long railway connecting the port of Alexandroupolis in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece with Svilengrad in Bulgaria, via the village of Ormenio. Despite its name, as of 2020 there is only passenger service on the section on Greek territory, between Alexandroupolis and Ormenio, as the international services to Sofia (via Svilengrad) and Istanbul ("Friendship Express") have been suspended as of 2011.
Kirkenes Church
Kirkenes Church (Norwegian: Kirkenes kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the town of Kirkenes, just off the European route E06 highway. It is one of the churches for the Sør-Varanger parish which is part of the Varanger prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, concrete church was built in a long church style in 1959 by the architect Sofus Hougen. The church seats about 275 people.

Kirkenes
Kirkenes (Norwegian: [ˈçɪ̂rkəneːs] ⓘ), known as Girkonjárga in Northern Sami (pronounced [ˈkir̥ː.ko.ˌɲaːrːka]) and Kirkkoniemi in Kven, is a town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town lies on a peninsula along the Bøkfjorden, an arm of the large Varangerfjorden, and is located just a few kilometres from the Norway–Russia border.

The 2.29-square-kilometre (570-acre) town has a population (2023) of 3,404 and a population density of 1,486 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,850/sq mi). When the neighbouring suburban villages of Hesseng, Skytterhusfjellet, Sandnes and Bjørnevatn are all included with Kirkenes, the urban area reaches a population of almost 8,000.

Although Kirkenes is the Norwegian town closest to the Russian border, the town of Vardø to its north is located further east in Norway.
Megaworld Boulevard
Megaworld Boulevard is a six-lane road in Mandurriao, Iloilo City, Philippines. It serves as the main boulevard of the Iloilo Business Park. The boulevard runs diagonally in a north–south direction, almost parallel to Benigno S. Aquino Jr. Avenue. It connects Benigno S. Aquino Jr. Avenue in the north to Iloilo Sunset Boulevard in the south.

Before its transformation into a central business district, the area where the boulevard now runs was previously the runway of Mandurriao Airport.

Iloilo Business Park
Iloilo Business Park (also known as IBP or Megaworld) is a 72-hectare (180-acre) mixed-use master-planned central business district in Mandurriao, Iloilo City, Philippines by Megaworld Corporation. It is an integrated township project featuring a financial district, a lifestyle mall, office buildings catering to business process outsourcing firms, boutique and deluxe hotels, a convention center, and medical services facilities.

Iloilo Business Park was the site of Mandurriao Airport, the former main airport of Iloilo until 2007, when Megaworld Corporation acquired the property and developed it into a mixed-use development. Since then, the area has experienced significant growth and is now bounded by two other major developments in Mandurriao, namely SM Iloilo of SM Prime to its east and Atria Park District of Ayala Land to its southeast.

Iloilo Business Park has been officially recognized as the center of arts and culture in Iloilo City.
Kachina
A kachina (/kəˈtʃiːnə/; Hopi: katsina [kaˈtsʲina], plural katsinim [kaˈtsʲinim]) is a spirit being in the religious beliefs of the Pueblo peoples, Native American cultures located in the southwestern part of the United States. In Pueblo cultures, kachina rites are practiced by the Hopi, Hopi-Tewa and Zuni peoples and certain Keres peoples, as well as in most Puebloans in New Mexico.

The kachina concept has three different aspects: the supernatural being, the kachina dancers, and kachina dolls (small dolls carved in the likeness of the kachina, that are given only to those who are, or will be responsible for the respectful care and well-being of the doll, such as a mother, wife, or sister).

Zuni people
The Zuni (Zuni: A:shiwi; formerly spelled Zuñi) are Native American Pueblo peoples native to the Zuni River valley. The Zuni people today are federally recognized as the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico, and most live in the Pueblo of Zuni on the Zuni River, a tributary of the Little Colorado River, in western New Mexico, United States. The Pueblo of Zuni is 55 km (34 mi) south of Gallup, New Mexico. Traditional Zuni homes in the Pueblo are multi level adobe houses. In addition to the reservation, the tribe owns trust lands in Catron County, New Mexico, and Apache County, Arizona. The Zuni call their homeland Halona Idiwan’a or Middle Place. The word Zuni is believed to derive from the Western Keres language (Acoma) word sɨ̂‧ni, or a cognate thereof.
William Obront
William Obront (27 March 1924 – 12 October 2017), better known as "Obie", was a Canadian-American gangster and the principal money launderer for the Cotroni family of Montreal, often described as being the "Canadian Meyer Lansky".

Cotroni crime family
The Cotroni crime family, originally Cotrone (Italian: [koˈtroːne]), was an Italian Canadian crime family based in Montreal, Quebec. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) considered the family a branch of the Bonanno crime family of New York City.

The organization was established in the 1940s by Vincenzo Cotroni, a Calabrian immigrant from Mammola. Its territory once covered most of southern Quebec and Ontario. An internal war broke out between the Calabrian and Sicilian factions of the family in the late 1970s, which resulted in the death of acting captain Paolo Violi and his brothers. This allowed the Sicilian Rizzuto faction to overtake the Cotroni's Calabrian faction as the preeminent crime family in Montreal. Vincenzo died of cancer in 1984, followed by his brother Frank in 2004.
RTX toxin
The RTX toxin superfamily is a group of cytolysins and cytotoxins produced by bacteria. There are over 1000 known members with a variety of functions. The RTX family is defined by two common features: characteristic repeats in the toxin protein sequences, and extracellular secretion by the type I secretion systems (T1SS). The name RTX (repeats in toxin) refers to the glycine and aspartate-rich repeats located at the C-terminus of the toxin proteins, which facilitate export by a dedicated T1SS encoded within the rtx operon.

Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structures embedded in the cell membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.

Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation of effector molecules. For example, proteins, enzymes or toxins (such as cholera toxin in pathogenic bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholerae) move from across the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell to its exterior. Secretion is a very important mechanism in bacterial functioning and operation in their natural surrounding environment for adaptation and survival.
Shaw School District
The Shaw School District was a public school district based in Shaw, Mississippi (USA). The district served the Bolivar County portion of the city; the small portion of the city that lies in Sunflower County was and is served by the Sunflower County School District. On July 1, 2014, the Shaw School District was consolidated into the West Bolivar Consolidated School District.

The district served Shaw and Skene.

The district operated two schools, Shaw High School and McEvans School (elementary-middle school).

West Bolivar Consolidated School District
The West Bolivar Consolidated School District is a public school district based in Rosedale, Mississippi (USA).

It serves sections of Bolivar County. In addition to Rosedale, the district also serves the towns of Gunnison, Beulah, and Pace in western Bolivar County and Benoit and the section of Shaw in southern Bolivar County. It also serves unincorporated areas of Scott, Skene, and Symonds.
Risa Taneda
Risa Taneda (種田 梨沙, Taneda Risa; born July 12, 1988) is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Office Osawa talent agency. She is also a member of the seiyuu idol unit Rhodanthe* (ローダンセ) since 2013, along with Nao Tōyama, Asuka Nishi, Manami Tanaka and Yumi Uchiyama. Some of her major roles include Mirai Kuriyama in Beyond the Boundary, Yukina Himeragi in Strike the Blood, Rize Tedeza in Is the Order a Rabbit?, Kaori Miyazono in Your Lie in April, and Erina Nakiri in Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma.

Is the Order a Rabbit?
Is the Order a Rabbit? (Japanese: ご注文はうさぎですか?, Hepburn: Gochūmon wa Usagi desu ka?), often abbreviated as Gochiusa (ごちうさ), is a Japanese four-panel manga series written and illustrated by Koi. The series has been serialized in Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara Max magazine since March 2011 and the chapters collected into twelve tankōbon volumes as of May 2024. The manga was released in Indonesia by Elex Media Komputindo. An anime television series adaptation animated by White Fox aired in Japan between April and June 2014. A second season by White Fox and Kinema Citrus aired in Japan between October and December 2015. Two OVA films animated by production doA were released in November 2017 and September 2019. A third anime season by Encourage Films aired in Japan between October and December 2020. A new anime film produced by Bibury Animation Studios has been announced.