hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dome of Discovery
The Dome of Discovery was a temporary exhibition building designed by architect Ralph Tubbs for the Festival of Britain celebrations which took place on London's South Bank in 1951, alongside the River Thames. The consulting engineers were Freeman Fox & Partners, in particular Oleg Kerensky and Gilbert Roberts.

Like the adjacent Skylon, the dome became an iconic structure for the public and helped popularise modern design and architectural style in a Britain still suffering through post-war austerity. As twin icons, the forms of the Skylon and Dome of Discovery were related to those of the Trylon and Perisphere of the 1939 New York World's Fair. Controversially, after the Festival closed, the dome was demolished and its materials sold as scrap. The site was cleared for reuse, and is now the location of the Jubilee Gardens, near the London Eye.

Skylon (Festival of Britain)
The Skylon was a futuristic-looking, slender, vertical, cigar-shaped steel tensegrity structure located by the Thames in London, that gave the illusion of floating above the ground, built in 1951 for the Festival of Britain.

A popular joke of the period was that, like the British economy of 1951, "It had no visible means of support".
Hall–Littlewood polynomials
In mathematics, the Hall–Littlewood polynomials are symmetric functions depending on a parameter t and a partition λ.  They are Schur functions when t is 0 and monomial symmetric functions when t is 1 and are special cases of Macdonald polynomials.
They were first defined indirectly by  Philip Hall using the Hall algebra, and later defined directly by Dudley E. Littlewood (1961).

Schur polynomial
In mathematics, Schur polynomials, named after Issai Schur, are certain symmetric polynomials in n variables, indexed by partitions, that generalize the elementary symmetric polynomials and the complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials.  In representation theory  they are the characters of polynomial irreducible representations of the general linear groups. The Schur polynomials form a linear basis for the space of all symmetric polynomials.  Any product of Schur polynomials can be written as a linear combination of Schur polynomials with non-negative integral coefficients; the values of these coefficients is given combinatorially by the Littlewood–Richardson rule. More generally, skew Schur polynomials  are associated with pairs of partitions and have similar properties to Schur polynomials.
Princess Chŏnghwa (Hwanjo)
Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan or posthumously called as Princess Chŏnghwa, was the fifth child, second and youngest daughter of Yi Chach'un and also a full younger sister of Yi Sŏng-gye, the founder of the Joseon Dynasty.

In 1392, her brother made a new dynasty, their father was granted royal title as King Hwan (환왕; 桓王; later Hwanjo; 환조; 桓祖) and their mother was granted the title as Queen Ui (의비, 懿妃; later Queen Uihye; 의혜왕후; 懿惠王后). Under Emperor Gojong of Korea's command, she was then posthumously honoured as Princess Chŏnghwa (정화공주; 貞和公主) in 1872. She married Cho Inbyŏk, son of Cho Ton from Hanyang Cho clan (한양 조씨; 漢陽 趙氏). After the Joseon Dynasty was established, Cho was then honoured as Internal Prince Yongwon (용원부원군).

Cho Inbyŏk
Cho Inbyŏk (Korean: 조인벽; Hanja: 趙仁壁; 1330–1393), was a military official in the Late Goryeo dynasty who came from the Hanyang Cho clan. He was the husband of Princess Jeonghwa, who was the sister of the founder of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Sŏng-gye, who granted him the title Internal Prince Yongwon when the dynasty was established.
Derby dell'Enza
The Derby dell'Enza, also referred to as the Derby del Parmigiano Reggiano, is the local derby contested by Emilian association football clubs Parma F.C. and A.C. Reggiana 1919. The name derives from the Enza river, which forms the boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia. The match is contested twice a year when the two clubs participate in the same league competition.

The rivalry stems from a historical rivalry between the cities of Parma and Reggio Emilia, which transcends sport. Despite the close rivalry, Parma is comfortably the more successful of the two sides, having won 8 major trophies. The first of these was as recent as the 1991–92 Coppa Italia triumph. Before the 1990s, neither side had played in Serie A, Italian football's top tier that was formed in 1929, so Parma's dominance is a recent trend. Fan violence between ultras groups is often a problem in this derby.

AC Reggiana 1919
Associazione Calcio Reggiana, commonly referred to as Reggiana, is a professional football club based in Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The club was formed in 1919, reformed in 2005 (Serie C2) and 2018 (Serie D) after going bankrupt twice, and currently plays in the Serie B, the second tier of Italian football. Reggiana is known as i Granata (lit. 'the Maroons') in reference to the club's main colour: maroon.

The club was reformed twice after going bankrupt: in 2005 as Reggio Emilia Football Club, and in 2018 as Reggio Audace Football Club. On both occasions, the club regained the naming rights and the trophies of A.C. Reggiana via judicial auction. The club has participated in Serie A, the top tier of Italian football, seven times; their last appearance dates back to the 1996–97 season.
Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
Prince Carl Philip of Sweden, Duke of Värmland (Carl Philip Edmund Bertil; born 13 May 1979) is the only son and the second of three children of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia. As of 2022, Prince Carl Philip is fourth in the line of succession, after his older sister, Crown Princess Victoria, his niece and goddaughter Princess Estelle, and his nephew Prince Oscar. He lives with his wife, Princess Sofia, and four children in Villa Solbacken in Djurgården, Stockholm.

Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland (Victoria Ingrid Alice Désirée; born 14 July 1977) is the heir apparent to the Swedish throne as the eldest child of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden. If she ascends to the throne as expected, she will be Sweden's fourth queen regnant (after Margaret, Christina and Ulrika Eleonora) and the first since 1720. Her inheritance is secured by Sweden's 1980 Act of Succession, the first law in Western Europe to adopt royal absolute primogeniture.
LB&SCR E4 class
The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway E4 class is a class of 0-6-2T side tank steam locomotive designed by Robert Billinton. They were introduced in 1897 and were essentially a larger version of the E3 Class with 5 ft 0 in drivers wheels for a better performance as local passenger locomotive. The cylinder diameter was reduced from 18 to 17.5 inches (457 to 444 mm) by the Southern Railway which would increase their power.

LB&SCR E3 class
The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway E3 class were 0-6-2T side tank steam locomotives. One prototype was designed by William Stroudley shortly before his death, but was completed by R. J. Billinton, who later built sixteen further locomotives.
Jonathan Bate
Sir Andrew Jonathan Bate (born 26 June 1958) is a British academic, biographer, literary critic, broadcaster, and scholar, known for his work on Shakespeare, Romanticism, and ecocriticism. He is currently Foundation Professor of Environmental Humanities and Regents Professor of English at Arizona State University, and a Senior Research Fellow at Worcester College, Oxford, where he served as Provost from 2011 to 2019.

From 2017 to 2019 he was also Gresham Professor of Rhetoric at Gresham College in London. Bate was knighted in 2015 for services to literary scholarship and higher education. He has authored major biographies of the poets John Clare, Ted Hughes, and William Wordsworth, as well as influential works on Shakespeare. He has written and presented extensively for BBC radio, and wrote the one-man play Being Shakespeare for actor Simon Callow.

Bate is a Fellow of the British Academy and the Royal Society of Literature. He is married to author Paula Byrne.

Ted Hughes
Edward James Hughes OM OBE FRSL (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet, translator, and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poets of his generation and one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. He was appointed Poet Laureate in 1984 and held the office until his death. In 2008, The Times ranked Hughes fourth on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".

Hughes married fellow poet, American Sylvia Plath, in 1956. They lived together in the United States and then in England, in a tumultuous relationship. They had two children before separating in 1962. Plath ended her life in 1963.
Slovakia national under-16 football team
The Slovakia national under-16 football team, controlled by the Slovak Football Association, is Slovakia's national under 16 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Slovakia U17 team.

Slovakia national under-17 football team
The Slovakia national under-17 football team, controlled by the Slovak Football Association, is Slovakia's national under-17 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Slovakia U18 team. The team has qualified for the final tournament of the FIFA U-17 World Cup once.
Catherine Goulet
Catherine Goulet is an author, publishing entrepreneur, and careers expert from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She is co-founder of the Next Generation Indie Book Awards, a literary awards program for independently-published books, co-founder of career guides publisher FabJob alongside her sister Tag and founder of zenGOT, a platform which connects customers and service providers.

Tag Goulet
Tag Goulet, also known as Theresa Goulet or Therese Goulet, is an author, publishing entrepreneur, and film producer from Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Alongside her sister Catherine, she is co-founder of FabJob, a company that publishes career books from their offices in Calgary and Seattle.
Pablo Ocampo
Pablo de León Ocampo Sr. (January 25, 1853 – February 5, 1925) was a Filipino lawyer, nationalist, a member of the Malolos Congress, inaugural holder of the office of Resident Commissioner from the Philippine Islands to the United States Congress alongside Benito Legarda and a member of the 2nd Philippine Legislature. He gave his service to his country and helped to bring about the peaceful transition of the Philippines from being a colony of Spain for more than 300 years (1565 to 1898) to what would later become the American Commonwealth of the Philippines.

Resident Commissioner of the Philippines
The resident commissioner of the Philippine Islands to the United States (Spanish: Comisario Residente de las Islas Filipinas a Estados Unidos) was a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives sent by the Philippines from 1907 until its internationally recognized independence in 1946. It was similar to current non-voting members of Congress such as the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico and delegates from Washington, D.C., Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and other territories of the United States.

Like current non-voting members, resident commissioners could speak and otherwise participate in the business of the House, but did not have full voting rights. Two resident commissioners were sent until 1937, when after the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the number was changed to one.
Neferneferuaten
Ankhkheperure-Merit-Neferkheperure/Waenre/Aten Neferneferuaten (Ancient Egyptian: nfr-nfrw-jtn), or "Neferneferuaten", is the name of a queen regnant ('female king') of ancient Egypt who reigned in her own right near the end of the Amarna Period during the Eighteenth Dynasty. Her name features feminine gender traces, and one of her epithets was Akhet-en-hyes ("Beneficial for her husband"). This epithet also features in one version of her nomen (birth name) cartouche. (See Ancient Egyptian royal titulary.) The name Neferneferuaten translates as either "(“Perfect/Beautiful is the perfection/beauty of Aten”)

She is to be distinguished from the male king Smenkhkare, with whom she shared the prenomen (throne name) Ankhkheperure. However, Smenkhkare was a male king who was married to Akhenaten and Nefertiti's daughter Meritaten but his prenomen bore no additional epithets and he disappears from the historical records shortly after Year 12 of Akhenaten.

Smenkhkare
Smenkhkare (alternatively romanized Smenkhare, Smenkare, or Smenkhkara; meaning "Vigorous is the soul of Re") was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of unknown background who lived and ruled during the Amarna Period of the 18th Dynasty. Smenkhkare was married to Meritaten, the daughter of Akhenaten, Smenkhkare's probable co-regent. Since the Amarna period was subject to a large-scale condemnation of memory by later pharaohs, very little can be said with certainty about Smenkhkare, who therefore remains subject to immense speculation.

Some researchers believe that Smenkhkare was the same person as female pharaoh Neferneferuaten, while others maintain they were two different individuals. This article follows the stance that Smenkhkare was a male ruler, separate from Neferneferuaten.
Ngaba Roundabout
The Ngaba Roundabout (French: Rond-point Ngaba), also referred to as the Ngaba Crossroads (Carrefour de Ngaba), is a significant intersection in the southern part of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Situated in the Mount Amba District, it marks the southern boundary of the Ngaba commune and lies at the convergence of Avenue de l'Université and By-pass Avenue (also known as Avenue de la Foire). The area surrounding the roundabout is locally referred to as Mont-Amba and serves as a key hub connecting the communes of Lemba and Makala.

Ngaba
Ngaba is a commune located in the Mont Amba District of Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It spans an area of 4.0 square kilometers and has an estimated population of 539,135 as of 2015.

Situated in the southern part of Kinshasa, Ngaba is a relatively recent settlement characterized by its hilly terrain. The commune is bounded by Kikwit Avenue to the north, By-pass Avenue to the south, the Kalamu River to the east, and Université Avenue to the west. It shares borders with the communes of Limete to the north, Lemba to the east and south, and Makala to the west. Administratively, Ngaba is divided into six quartiers (quarters): Baobab, Bulambemba, Luyi, Mateba, Mpila, and Mukulwa.
Zippe-type centrifuge
The Zippe-type centrifuge is a gas centrifuge designed to enrich the rare fissile isotope uranium-235 (235U) from the mixture of isotopes found in naturally occurring uranium compounds. The isotopic separation is based on the slight difference in mass of the isotopes. The Zippe design was originally developed in the Soviet Union by a team led by 60 Austrian and German scientists and engineers captured after World War II, working in detention. In the West and now generally, the type is known by the name of the man who recreated the technology after his return to the West in 1956, based on his recollection of his contributions in the Soviet program, Gernot Zippe.  To the extent that it might be referred to in Soviet/Russian usage by any one person's name, it was known at an earlier stage in development as a Kamenev centrifuge, after Evgeni Kamenev.

Gas centrifuge
A gas centrifuge is a device that performs isotope separation of gases. A centrifuge relies on the principles of centrifugal force accelerating molecules so that particles of different masses are physically separated in a gradient along the radius of a rotating container.

A prominent use of gas centrifuges is for the separation of uranium-235 (235U) from uranium-238 (238U). The gas centrifuge was developed to replace the gaseous diffusion method of 235U extraction. High degrees of separation of these isotopes relies on using many individual centrifuges arranged in series that achieve successively higher concentrations. This process yields higher concentrations of 235U while using significantly less energy compared to the gaseous diffusion process.
Selkirk Sevens
Selkirk Sevens is an annual rugby sevens event held by Selkirk RFC, in Selkirk, Scotland. This was one of a group of Sevens tournaments instated after the First World War extending the original Borders Spring Circuit. The Selkirk Sevens began in 1919.

The Selkirk Sevens is part of the Kings of the Sevens championship run by the Border League.

2025's Selkirk Sevens will be played on 10 May 2025.

Borders Sevens Circuit
The Borders Sevens Circuit is a series of rugby sevens tournaments held annually in the Scottish Borders. Originally the circuit consisted of 5 tournaments; Langholm Sevens being the last added in 1908. It is the oldest Sevens circuit in the world; the first Sevens tournament outside Scotland - bar two single Sevens matches in Chorley, England in 1888 and 1889 - was held in the Scottish expatriate city of Dunedin in New Zealand in 1889 and there was no other Sevens tournament clusters elsewhere.

The main circuit has now grown to 11 tournaments; 10 in Scotland and 1 - the Berwick Sevens - in England.

The circuit has now extended into a league known as Kings of the Sevens. Of the extended circuit only the Walkerburn Sevens is not included in this league. The Kings of the Sevens championship is run by the Border League.
Chevrolet Traverse
The Chevrolet Traverse is a full-size crossover SUV with three-row seating built by General Motors produced since the 2009 model year. It is built on the same platform as the GMC Acadia and Buick Enclave, known as the Lambda platform for the first generation, and the C1XX for the second generation. It also shares the C1XX platform with the Cadillac XT6. It is the successor to the TrailBlazer body-on-frame SUV and the Uplander minivan.

The second-generation model debuted in showrooms in the middle of 2017. Starting with the 2019 model year, the Traverse was slotted above the new mid-size Chevrolet Blazer as part of Chevrolet's plans to expand its SUV lineup.

The Traverse name was originally used for a concept car at the 2003 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, but that concept gave way when the Equinox launched for the 2005 model year.

Chevrolet Equinox
The Chevrolet Equinox is a crossover SUV introduced by Chevrolet in 2004 for the 2005 model year. It was intended to replace the North American Chevrolet Tracker and Chevrolet S-10 Blazer. The third-generation Equinox also replaced the first-generation Chevrolet Captiva.

An all-electric battery-powered (BEV) version called the Equinox EV was introduced in 2022 with sales starting in 2023 for the 2024 model year. It adopts a separate design and underpinnings from the internal combustion engine powered Equinox.
Theodore Tiron
For another Saint Theodore, see: Theodore Stratelates or Saint Theodore (disambiguation).

Saint Theodore (Άγιος Θεοδώρος), distinguished as Theodore of Amasea, Theodore the Recruit (Θεοδώρος ό Τήρων), and by other names, is a Christian saint and Great Martyr, particularly revered in the Eastern Orthodox Churches but also honored in Roman Catholicism and Oriental Orthodoxy. According to legend, he was a legionary in the Roman army who suffered martyrdom by immolation at Amasea in Galatian Pontus (modern Amasya, Turkey) during the Great Persecution under Diocletian in the early 4th century. Venerated by the late 4th century, he became a prominent warrior saint during the Middle Ages, attracted a great deal of additional legends including accounts of battle against dragons, and was often confused with (or was the original source of) the similar Theodore Stratelates of Heraclea.

Theodore Stratelates
Theodore Stratelates (Ancient Greek: Ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Στρατηλάτης, transl. 'the General' or 'Military Commander'; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲑⲉⲟⲇⲱⲣⲟⲥ), also known as Theodore of Heraclea (Ancient Greek: Θεόδωρος Ἡρακλείας; AD 281–319) or Theodore of Arabia, was a martyr and warrior saint in the Eastern Orthodox, Catholic and Oriental Orthodox Churches.

There is much confusion as to whether he and St. Theodore of Amasea were the same person, as the stories about their lives later diverged into two separate traditions.
National Union of Students of the Philippines
The National Union of Students of the Philippines is an alliance of student councils in the Philippines established in 1957. Advocating for democratic rights of students, it boasts about 600 member councils and is part of International Union of Students (IUS) and the Asia Pacific Youth and Students Association (ASA). It is also a member and a founding organization of Kabataan Partylist.

Kabataan
Kabataan, also known as the Kabataan Partylist (KPL, lit. 'Youth Partylist') and formerly known as Ang Nagkakaisang Kabataan Para sa Sambayanan (ANAK ng BAYAN, lit. 'The United Youth for the People'), is a partylist in the Philippines affiliated with the far-left political coalition Makabayan. It is currently represented by Renee Co at the Philippine Congress since 2025. According to its website, the partylist represents the youth sector, and aims to "galvanize the Filipino youth’s unity for social change," believing that the youth should "devote its intellect, energy, and courage to building a new society devoid of corruption, inequality, and social injustice."

The partylist was first formed in 2001 in the aftermath of the Second EDSA Revolution, and vied for a seat in the Congress in the 2004 elections, where they failed to secure a single seat. However, they managed to secure a single seat in the succeeding elections since then.
1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak
A wintertime tornado outbreak affected the Midwestern United States on January 24, 1967. Of the 30 confirmed tornadoes, 13 occurred in Iowa, nine in Missouri, seven in Illinois, and one in Wisconsin. The outbreak produced, at the time, the northernmost tornado to hit the United States in winter, in Wisconsin, until January 7, 2008. The tornadoes formed ahead of a deep storm system in which several temperature records were broken. The deadliest and most damaging tornado of the outbreak struck Greater St. Louis at F4 intensity, killing three people and injuring 216.

Tornado outbreak sequence of January 7–11, 2008
An unseasonably strong tornado outbreak began on January 7, 2008, and continued for nearly four days across the Central and Southern United States, with the hardest hit area being southwestern Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, and the surrounding area. In addition, a strong supercell in northern Illinois and southeastern Wisconsin produced that region's first January tornadoes since 1967.

More tornadoes occurred across the Mississippi Valley on January 8 and after a break in the activity on January 9, another round of severe weather took place in the Southern United States (primarily Alabama and Mississippi) on January 10. Several damaging tornadoes were reported that day, although no one was killed. A separate, unrelated EF1 tornado also struck the northern suburbs of Vancouver, Washington. In total, over the four-day period, 73 tornadoes were confirmed and four people were killed.