hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Short U (Cyrillic)
Short U (Ў ў; italics: Ў ў) or U with breve is a letter of the Cyrillic script. The only Slavic language using the letter in its orthography is Belarusian, but it is also used as a phonetic symbol in some Russian and Ukrainian dictionaries. Among the non-Slavic languages using Cyrillic alphabets, ў is used in Dungan, Karakalpak, Karachay-Balkar, Mansi, Sakhalin Nivkh, Ossetian and Siberian Yupik. It is also used in Uzbek – this letter corresponds to Oʻ in the Uzbek Latin alphabet.

Oʻ
Oʻ (o with turned comma above right; minuscule: oʻ) is the 25th letter of the Uzbek Latin alphabet, representing the close-mid back rounded vowel /o/. It was adopted in the May 1995 revision of the alphabet, replacing Ö. It was also used in the Karakalpak alphabet until 2016, when it was replaced with Ó. In the Uzbek Cyrillic alphabet, it corresponds to Ў.
Meany Lodge
Meany Lodge is a 54-acre (22 ha) ski area located in Martin, Washington near Stampede Pass, Washington, United States. It was built in 1928, making it the oldest ski area in Washington and among the oldest in the U.S.

Meany Lodge is maintained and operated by volunteers of The Mountaineers, a non-profit group, and is located in the Wenatchee National Forest near the eastern portal of the Stampede Pass Train Tunnel.

Meany Lodge has a PSIA certificated ski school and offers lessons to alpine skiers, cross country skiers, touring skiers, snowshoers, and snowboarders. Lessons are available when booking reservations.

Reservations are needed for day and overnight use. Overnight reservations include a bunk and all meals. The lodge capacity is 97 persons.

Martin Ski Dome
The Martin Ski Dome was a ski area located in Martin, Washington.

Martin is an extinct town in the northwest United States, in Kittitas County, Washington. Stampede Pass is near to the west. The town was named Martin because of the nearby Martin Creek. The creek was originally named Pine-Marten Creek because an American marten was killed nearby.
Interstate 79
Interstate 79 (I-79) is an Interstate Highway in the Eastern United States, designated from I-77 in Charleston, West Virginia, north to Pennsylvania Route 5 (PA 5) and PA 290 in Erie, Pennsylvania. It is a primary thoroughfare through western Pennsylvania and West Virginia and makes up part of an important corridor to Buffalo, New York, and the Canada–United States border. Major metropolitan areas connected by I-79 include Charleston and Morgantown in West Virginia and Greater Pittsburgh and Erie in Pennsylvania.

In West Virginia, I-79 is known as the Jennings Randolph Expressway, named for the West Virginia representative and senator. In the three most northern counties, it is signed as part of the High Tech Corridor. For most of its Pennsylvania stretch, it is known as the Raymond P. Shafer Highway, named for the 39th Pennsylvania governor.

Pennsylvania Route 5
Pennsylvania Route 5 (PA 5) is a westward continuation of New York State Route 5 (NY 5). Located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States, it runs from North East, Pennsylvania at the New York-Pennsylvania border to Springfield Township in western Erie County, for a total of 44.85 miles (72.18 km).

This highway has been designated as the Purple Heart Highway but is most frequently referred to as Lake Road. The Seaway Trail runs along PA 5 for most of its course in Pennsylvania.
Bartolomeo Cavarozzi
Bartolomeo Cavarozzi (1587–1625), occasionally referred to as Bartolomeo Crescenzi, was an Italian caravaggisti painter of the Baroque period. Cavarozzi's work began receiving increased admiration and appreciation from art historians in the last few decades of the 20th century, emerging as one of the more distinct and original followers of Caravaggio. He received training from Giovanni Battista Crescenzi in Rome and later traveled to Spain alongside his master for a few years where he achieved some renown and was significant in spreading "Caravaggism" to Spain before returning to Italy. His surviving works are predominantly Biblical subjects and still-life paintings, although older references note he "was esteemed a good painter especially of portraits".

Giovanni Battista Crescenzi
Giovanni Battista Crescenzi (1577–1635) was an Italian painter and architect of the early-Baroque period, active in Rome and Spain, where he helped decorate the pantheon of the Spanish kings at El Escorial.

He rose to prominence as an artist during the reign of Pope Paul V, but by 1617 had moved to Madrid, and from 1620 on, he was active in El Escorial. Philip III of Spain awarded him the title of Marchese de la Torre, Knight of Santiago.

His family was a prominent Roman family. His brother, Pier Paolo Crescenzi, was a cardinal. He married Anna Massima, and his son, Alessandro Agostino, became cardinal in 1675, while a distant nephew, Marcello, became cardinal in 1743. Among his pupils were Bartolomeo Cavarozzi, Juan Fernández, and Antonio de Pereda.
Municipalköping
Municipalköping was a type of local government (municipality) in Sweden. Mostly these were minor trade towns with very limited city rights (market rights), which were delegated from larger cities in the same region.

In 1863 the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden. Officially, the term municipalköping disappeared with this reform. There were two acts in the 1863 reform, one for towns and one for rural areas. But under the "rural" act there were also eight market towns, which were instituted as municipalities. This third category included köping, municipalköping and municipalsamhälle. Most of the 95 köpingar became municipalities. The last municipalköping was incorporated into a large municipality in 1956.

Those market towns that did not develop into a municipality are now occasionally referred to as municipalköping, which is more a cultural term in the present-day language.

Köping
Köping was a Swedish denomination for a market town since the Middle Ages, derived from the Old Norse word kaupang. The designation was officially abolished with the municipal reform of 1971, when Sweden was subdivided into the Municipalities of Sweden (currently amounting to 290).

As present-day Finland was once a part of Sweden, the Finnish word kauppala has the same meaning. In modern Finnish, the word kaupunki, borrowed from the Old Norse word kaupang, is the main word for town and city. Swedish köping and the English toponym chipping are also cognates as is the Norwegian word kjøpstad and the Danish toponymical suffix -købing.
Zhiwenia
Zhiwenia is a genus of artiopodans that existed during Stage 3 of the Cambrian period and was uncovered in the Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte in China. Only one species is known, Zhiwenia coronata. An early relative of trilobites, it has been posited as the sister taxon of Australimicola in the newly defined clade Protosutura, a proposed early-branching artiopodan clade.

Likely a benthic detritus feeder, Zhiwenia measured around 5 cm (2 in) in length, and had an unmineralized exoskeleton consisting of a headshield followed by a series of body segments. Facial sutures on the headshield have been proposed to be either convergently evolved with trilobites and other artiopodans, or symplesiomorphic to artiopodans as a whole.

Artiopoda
Artiopoda is a clade of extinct arthropods that includes trilobites and their close relatives. It was erected by Hou and Bergström in 1997 to encompass a wide diversity of arthropods that would traditionally have been assigned to the Trilobitomorpha. Trilobites, in part due to abundance of findings owing to their mineralized exoskeletons, are by far the best recorded, diverse, and long lived members of the clade. Other members, which lack mineralised exoskeletons, are known mostly from Cambrian deposits.
Ascension Parish, Louisiana
Ascension Parish (French: Paroisse de l'Ascension; Spanish: Parroquia de la Ascensión) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 126,500. Its parish seat is Donaldsonville. The parish was created in 1807. Ascension Parish is part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan statistical area.

Ascension Parish is one of the 22 parishes that make up Acadiana, the heartland of the Cajun people and their culture. This is exhibited by the prevalence of the French or Cajun French language heard throughout the parish, as well as the many festivals celebrated by its residents, including the Boucherie Festival, Lagniappe Music and Seafood Festival, Crawfish Festival, and the Jambalaya Festival. The largest incorporated city in Ascension Parish, Gonzales, is celebrated as the "Jambalaya Capital of the World".

Gonzales, Louisiana
Gonzales is a city in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,231. Known as the "Jambalaya Capital of the World", it is famous for its annual Jambalaya Festival, which was first held in 1968.
Shimano Nexus
Shimano Nexus is a brand of bicycle components which includes products such as epicyclical gear hubs, cranksets, shifters, brake levers, hub brakes, hub dynamos, and a CPU for automatically changing gears. The series is primarily aimed at the "comfort" market such as urban commuters and tourers, and as such is not made to withstand the rigours of off-road or mountain biking. The free-wheeling Nexus internal gear hubs are compatible with Shimano's "roller brake", its version of a drum brake, but not with the Shimano disc brakes used with the higher-end Shimano Alfine internal gear hubs.

Shimano Alfine
Alfine is a comfort and urban oriented product series by Shimano. It is mainly known for internally geared hubs, but includes also hydraulic disc brakes and levers, chain tensioners, dynamo hubs, cranksets, shift levers, and complete wheels.
Convoy QP 1
Convoy QP 1 (28 September – 19 October 1941) was the first Arctic Convoy of the Second World War by which the Allies brought back the ships of Operation Dervish that had carried supplies to the Soviet Union after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of 22 June 1941. The convoy sailed from Murmansk on 28 September 1941 and arrived safely at Scapa Flow in Orkney on 19 October.

From Operation Dervish, at the end of August 1941 to 20 December, six more convoys (Convoy PQ 1 to Convoy PQ 6) sent 45 ships, all of which reached Arkhangelsk or Murmansk. German awareness of these and the reciprocal westbound convoys (Convoy QP 1 to Convoy QP 4) was too vague to plan attacks by the Kriegsmarine or the Luftwaffe.

On 13 November 1941, the commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine, Großadmiral (Grand Admiral) Erich Raeder, told Hitler that, owing to the extreme weather and the lack of air reconnaissance, the prospects of the small number of U-boats in the Arctic Ocean were poor.

Operation Dervish (1941)
Operation Dervish (21–31 August 1941) was the first of the Arctic Convoys of the Second World War by which the Western Allies supplied material to the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany. Included in the convoy was the personnel and equipment of an RAF Wing, for the air defence of the Russian ports, several civilians and diplomatic missions.

The convoy sailed from Liverpool on 12 August 1941 and arrived at Arkhangelsk on 31 August 1941. There were no attempts by the Luftwaffe or the Kriegsmarine to intercept the convoy and neither side suffered casualties.

Co-incident with the Dervish convoy, civilians in the Svalbard archipelago were evacuated in Operation Gauntlet (25 August – 3 September 1941) and Dervish was followed by Operation Strength (30 August – 14 September 1941) to transport aircraft for No. 151 Wing RAF at Arkhangelsk; both operations succeeded.
John Kiffmeyer
John Kiffmeyer (born July 11, 1969), also known professionally as Al Sobrante, is an American cinematographer and retired musician and songwriter. He is the former drummer for the punk rock band Green Day, leaving in 1990 and replaced by Tré Cool. His stage name is a reference to his hometown, El Sobrante.: 12

Tré Cool
Frank Edwin Wright III (born December 9, 1972), better known by his stage name Tré Cool, is a German-American musician and songwriter, best known as the long-time drummer for the rock band Green Day. He replaced the band's former drummer, John Kiffmeyer, in 1990. Cool has also played in the Lookouts, Samiam, Dead Mermaids, Bubu and the Brood and the Green Day side projects the Network and the Foxboro Hot Tubs.
Sutton, St Helens
Sutton is an area of St Helens, in Merseyside, England, and a ward of the metropolitan borough of the same name. The population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 12,003.

Historically within Lancashire, it is one of the four townships along with Eccleston, Parr and Windle that formed the municipal borough of St Helens in 1868.

Eccleston, St Helens
Eccleston is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, Merseyside, England. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 10,433.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, the early history of Eccleston is marked by its status as a township, an area much larger than the modern civil parish, extending into what is now St. Helens. Part of the township was united with Parr, Sutton and part of Windle to form the Municipal Borough of St Helens in 1868.

Eccleston is one of seven civil parishes in the Borough of St Helens and one of the largest, covering the neighbourhoods of Eccleston Park, Gillars Green, Eccleston Mere, Eccleston village and an area around the A580 East Lancashire Road.
Second quantization
Second quantization, also referred to as occupation number representation, is a formalism used to describe and analyze quantum many-body systems. In quantum field theory, it is known as canonical quantization, in which the fields (typically as the wave functions of matter) are thought of as field operators, in a manner similar to how the physical quantities (position, momentum, etc.) are thought of as operators in first quantization. The key ideas of this method were introduced in 1927 by Paul Dirac, and were later developed, most notably, by Pascual Jordan and Vladimir Fock.
In this approach, the quantum many-body states are represented in the Fock state basis, which are constructed by filling up each single-particle state with a certain number of identical particles. The second quantization formalism introduces the creation and annihilation operators to construct and handle the Fock states, providing useful tools to the study of the quantum many-body theory.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Yogi Berra Stadium
Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; the NJIT  Highlanders baseball team which competes in NCAA Division I; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. It was formerly home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League from 1998 to 2022 and the part-time home of the NY/NJ Comets of National Pro Fastpitch in 2013. In 2001, the stadium was the home field of the New Jersey Pride of Major League Lacrosse in their inaugural season.

Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center
The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees and the New York Mets of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium.
Han Jian (Weibo warlord)
Han Jian (Chinese: 韓簡) (died 883), formally the Prince of Changli (昌黎王) or Prince of Wei Commandery (魏郡王), was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who controlled Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei). When imperial authority disintegrated in the aftermaths of the Huang Chao Rebellion, Han tried to conquer several nearby circuits by force, but after his endeavors failed, his subordinates supported his officer Le Xingda to replace him.  Han then either died in distress or was killed.

Le Yanzhen
Le Yanzhen (Chinese: 樂彥禎) (d. 888), né Le Xingda (樂行達), was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty, who ruled Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei) as its military governor (Jiedushi) from 883 to 888.
Replication factor C
The replication factor C, or RFC, is a five-subunit protein complex that is required for DNA replication.

The subunits of this heteropentamer are named Rfc1, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RFC is used in eukaryotic replication as a clamp loader, similar to the γ Complex in Escherichia coli. Its role as a clamp loader involves catalyzing the loading of PCNA onto DNA. It binds to the 3' end of the DNA and uses ATP to open the ring of PCNA so that it can encircle the DNA. ATP hydrolysis causes the release of RFC, with concomitant clamp loading onto DNA. For DNA polymerase, RFC serves as primer identification. RFC plays an important role in the proliferation,  invasion, and progression of various malignant tumors. RFC acts as a tumor suppressor gene.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and epigenetics.

Many proteins interact with PCNA via the two known PCNA-interacting motifs PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) box and AlkB homologue 2 PCNA interacting motif (APIM). Proteins binding to PCNA via the PIP-box are mainly involved in DNA replication whereas proteins binding to PCNA via APIM are mainly important in the context of genotoxic stress.
Fort VII
Fort VII, officially Konzentrationslager Posen (renamed later), was a Nazi German death camp set up in Poznań in German-occupied Poland during World War II, located in one of the 19th-century forts circling the city. According to different estimates, between 4,500 and 20,000 people, mostly Poles from Poznań and the surrounding region, died while imprisoned at the camp.

Poznań Fortress
Poznań Fortress, known in German as Festung Posen (Polish: Twierdza Poznań) was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań (German: Posen) in western Poland, built under Prussian rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It represents the third largest system of its kind in Europe.

The first set of fortifications was a tight defensive ring around central Poznań, including the main citadel called Fort Winiary (now the Cytadela park). Construction of these fortifications began in 1828. Later, beginning in 1876, an outer defensive ring was built around the perimeter of the city, consisting chiefly of a series of "forts", which mostly still survive.

The term Festung Posen was also used by the Nazi German occupiers during the Red Army's advance in the closing phases of the Second World War, to refer to Poznań's status as one of the "strongholds" (Festungen) which were to be defended at all costs. It fell in the Battle of Poznań (1945), with Fort Winiary the last point of resistance.
Ladder 49
Ladder 49 is a 2004 American disaster thriller film directed by Jay Russell and written by Lewis Colick. The film follows Baltimore firefighter Jack Morrison, who is trapped inside a warehouse fire, and his recollection of the events that got him to that point. The film stars Joaquin Phoenix and John Travolta, and was released on October 1, 2004 by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution. It received mixed reviews and grossed $102.3 million worldwide on $50 million budget.

Baltimore City Fire Department
The Baltimore City Fire Department (BCFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1797 and established in 1859, the Baltimore City Fire Department covers an area of 81 square miles (210 km2) of land and 11 square miles (28 km2) of water, with a resident population of over 640,000 and a daytime population of over 1,000,000. The BCFD responds to approximately 235,000 emergency calls annually. There are two International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) locals; IAFF 734 for firefighters and IAFF 964 for officers.
Ubuntu theology
Ubuntu theology is a Southern African Christian perception of the African Ubuntu philosophy which recognizes the humanity of a person through a person's relationship with other persons. It is best known through the writings of the Anglican archbishop Desmond Tutu, who, drawing from his Christian faith, theologized Ubuntu by a model of forgiveness in which human dignity and identity are drawn from the image of God. Human beings are called to be persons because they are created in the image of God.

Ubuntu philosophy
Ubuntu (Zulu pronunciation: [ùɓúntʼù]; meaning 'humanity' in some Bantu languages, such as Zulu) describes a set of closely related Bantu African-origin value systems that emphasize the interconnectedness of individuals with their surrounding societal and physical worlds.  "Ubuntu" is sometimes translated as "I am because we are". In Xhosa, the latter term is used, but is often meant in a more philosophical sense to mean "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity".
Miss XV
Miss XV, sometimes stylized as Miss 15, is a Mexican teen musical comedy-drama television series, it is loosely inspired by 1987 telenovela Quinceañera. Pedro Damián produced the series for Nickelodeon and Canal 5 in 2012.

Quinceañera (TV series)
Quinceañera (English title: Sweet 15) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Carla Estrada for Televisa in 1987. Quinceañera was the first telenovela to talk about substance abuse, date rape and gangs, and is considered to be the first telenovela made in Mexico for teenagers.

Quinceañera was named by the Associated Press as one of the 10 most influential telenovelas ever to air in Latin America, and Univision tlnovelas viewers named it one of their all-time favorite Mexican telenovelas. In 2010, Quinceañera was placed #7 on the People en Español's "20 Best Telenovelas" list, and in 2012, Terra named it as one of the 50 best telenovelas of all-time.

The telenovela stars Adela Noriega, Thalía, Blanca Sánchez and Jorge Lavat.
Sunniberg Bridge
The Sunniberg Bridge is a curved multi-span extradosed road bridge with low outward-flaring pylons above the roadway edges, designed by the renowned Swiss engineer Christian Menn and completed 1998. It carries the Klosters bypass road 28 across the Landquart River near the village of Klosters in the canton of Grisons in eastern Switzerland.  It is notable because of its innovative design and aesthetically pleasing appearance sensitive to its surroundings.

Klosters
Klosters is a Swiss village in the Prättigau, administratively part of the municipality of Klosters-Serneus, which belongs to the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Grisons; in 2021, the municipality shortened its name to Klosters. Klosters itself consists of the two main parts Klosters Dorf ('Village') and Kloster Platz ('Place'), and the settlements Selfranga, Äuja, Monbiel. Together with neighbouring Serneus, the two villages formed the municipality of Klosters-Serneus. On 1 January 2016, the former municipality of Saas im Prättigau merged into Klosters-Serneus.

Klosters is on the Austrian border. The village's ski resort lies 150 km (93 mi) from Zurich, the nearest international airport. Klosters is 10 km (6.2 mi) north from Davos and part of its extended ski area.