hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alternative civilian service
Alternative civilian service, also called alternative services, civilian service, non-military service, and substitute service, is a form of national service performed in lieu of military conscription for various reasons, such as conscientious objection, inadequate health, or political reasons. Alternative service usually involves some kind of labor.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Nicholas of Japan
Nicholas (Kasatkin), Equal-to-the-Apostles, Archbishop of Japan, born Ivan Dmitrovich Kasatkin (Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Касаткин; 13 August [O.S. 1 August] 1836 – 16 February 1912) was a Russian Orthodox priest, monk, and bishop. He introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church to Japan. The Orthodox cathedral of Tokyo (metropolitan diocese of Japan), Tokyo Resurrection Cathedral, was informally named after him as Nikorai-do, first by the local community, and today nationwide, in remembrance of his work.

Orthodox Church in Japan
The Orthodox Church in Japan or Orthodox Church of Japan (Japanese: 日本ハリストス正教会, romanized: Nihon Harisutosu Seikyōkai, OCJ), also known as the Japanese Orthodox Church (Russian: Японская православная церковь, romanized: Yaponskaya pravoslavnaya tserkov') is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox church within the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate. ハリストス (Harisutosu) is a transcription from the Russian word for "Christ," Христос (Khristos).
Cave of Euripides
The Cave of Euripides is a narrow cave, approximately 47 meters deep with ten small chambers, on a hillside overlooking the Saronic Gulf in the area of Peristeria on the south coast of Salamis Island, Greece. Its name derives from its reputation since ancient times as the place where the playwright Euripides came to write his tragedies. The ancient authors Philochorus and Satyrus described Euripides as a misanthrope who avoided society by lurking in a cave. The second century Roman author Aulus Gellius claimed to have visited the "grim and gloomy cavern" during his visit to Athens (Attic Nights XV.20).

Salamis Island
Salamis (/ˈsæləmɪs/ SAL-ə-miss; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Σαλαμίς, romanized: Salamís) or Salamina (Modern Greek: Σαλαμίνα, romanized: Salamína) is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about two kilometres (one nautical mile) from the coast of Athens' port of Piraeus and about 16 km (8+1⁄2 nmi) west of Athens center.

The chief city, Salamina, lies in the west-facing core of the crescent on Salamis Bay, which opens into the Saronic Gulf. On the eastern side of the island its main port, Paloukia, connects the island with Perama in the western part of Athens urban area through a frequent ferry line and is the second largest port in Greece in terms of passengers, after the port of Piraeus.
Yonggang-dong, Gyeongju
Yonggang-dong is both an administrative and legal dong or a neighbourhood in the administrative subdivisions of the Gyeongju City, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It is bordered by Bukgun-dong on the east, Deoksan-ri of Cheonbuk-myeon on the northeast, Hwangseong-dong and Dongcheon-dong on the south and Geumjang-ri of Hyeongok-myeon on the south. Its 5.06 square kilometers are home to about 15,817 people. It has two elementary schools, a middle school and a high school

Subdivisions of Gyeongju
The primary subdivisions of Gyeongju in South Korea consist of 4 eup, 8 myeon, and 11 dong.  These units are the same into which all of the cities and counties of South Korea are divided. The dong units occupy the area of the city center, which was formerly occupied by Gyeongju-eup.  Eup refers to a substantial village, whereas the myeon are more rural. The current divisions are as follows, using the numbers given on the map:
Ron Edwards (Australian politician)
Ronald Frederick Edwards AM (born 2 July 1945) is a retired Australian politician. Born in Perth, Western Australia, he was educated at the University of Western Australia and the University of Sydney, after which he became a lecturer in economics and industrial relations. In 1983, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Stirling, defeating the sitting member, Liberal minister Ian Viner. Edwards held Stirling until his defeat by Liberal candidate Eoin Cameron in 1993.

Ian Viner
Robert Ian Viner (born 21 January 1933) is an Australian barrister and politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1972 to 1983, representing the Liberal Party, and held senior ministerial office in the Fraser government.

Viner was born in Perth and raised in Bunbury, Western Australia. He studied law at the University of Western Australia and subsequently worked as a barrister in Perth. He was first elected to parliament at the 1972 federal election, winning the seat of Stirling for the Liberal Party. An ally of Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser, Viner served as Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (1975–1978), Employment and Youth Affairs (1978–1982), Industrial Relations (1981–1982), and Defence Support (1982–1983). He was also Leader of the House from 1979 to 1980. He lost his seat in the government's defeat at the 1983 election.
Lapworth 24
The Lapworth 24, sometimes called an L24,  is an American recreational keelboat designed by Bill Lapworth and first built in 1958.

The Lapworth 24 design was developed into the flush-deck Gladiator 24 in 1958. The Spartan 24 was developed from the same design as an economy model.

Gladiator 24
The Gladiator 24 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Bill Lapworth as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1958.

The Gladiator 24 is a development of the Lapworth 24, with a shorter mast and a raised deck.
Richard Jacob
Richard L. Jacob (born September 24, 1958) is an American basketball coach and educator. He is currently sport management consultant for Villa Maria College.

Jacob led two teams to the ABA playoffs at the professional level, including an appearance in the ABA Final Four. He won an NEAC championship at the collegiate level, and has been awarded Coach of the Year honors by both NEAC and NJCAA. For his work at Medaille College, he was named NSCAA Athletic Director of the Year. At the high school level he captured the New York State Class A championship, multiple CHSAA championships, and was awarded Centercourt Coach of the Year.

Jacob was head coach of New York State's Western Region team, leading them to a silver medal in the Empire State Games.

Medaille University
Medaille University was a private college in Buffalo, New York. The Sisters of St. Joseph founded Medaille in 1937, naming it after their founder, Jean Paul Médaille. It later became nonsectarian and coeducational. The college served roughly 1,600 students, mainly from Western New York and Southern Ontario, during its final years.

In May 2022, the Board of Regents of the New York State Department of Education approved Medaille College's request to be designated a university. Due to ongoing financial and enrollment challenges, Medaille announced its closure effective August 31, 2023.
The Vampyr: A Soap Opera
The Vampyr: A Soap Opera is a miniseries based on Heinrich Marschner's opera Der Vampyr. It first aired on BBC 2 on December 29, 1992. The new English libretto was written by Charles Hart, based on a story by Janet Street-Porter and Nigel Finch, which was based on the original libretto by Wilhelm August Wohlbrück, which was based on John Polidori's short story "The Vampyre." It was conducted by David Parry and directed by Nigel Finch and co-directed by Robert Chevara.

Der Vampyr
Der Vampyr  (The Vampire) is a Romantic opera in two acts by Heinrich Marschner. The German libretto by Wilhelm August Wohlbrück (Marschner's brother-in-law) is based on the play Der Vampir oder die Totenbraut (1821) by Heinrich Ludwig Ritter, which itself was based on the short story The Vampyre (1819) by John Polidori.  The first performance took place on 29 March 1828 in Leipzig, where it was a hit.

The opera is still occasionally performed, and, in 1992, an updated adaptation, entitled The Vampyr: A Soap Opera, with new lyrics by Charles Hart, starring Omar Ebrahim and produced by Janet Street-Porter, was serialised on BBC television.

In June 2014, OperaHub in Boston premiered a new English-language adaptation of Der Vampyr by John J King that spoofs more modern vampire stories such as Twilight, Dracula, the Vampire Chronicles, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Korean People's Association in Manchuria
The Korean People's Association in Manchuria (KPAM; Korean: 재만한족총연합회; August 1929 – September 1931) was a self-governing autonomous prefecture in Manchuria, populated by two million Korean refugees. Following the Japanese occupation of Korea, many Korean anarchists had fled over the border into Manchuria, where they began organising a network of mutual aid for displaced Koreans in the region. Together with some Korean nationalists, they established the KPAM in order to provide food, education and self-defence to its members. Before long, the association found itself under attack by both Korean communists and Japanese imperialists, who assassinated their leadership. The Japanese invasion of Manchuria put an end to the anarchist experiment, with many of its members fleeing to China in order to fight against the Japanese Empire.

Anarchism in Korea
Anarchism in Korea dates back to the Korean independence movement in Korea under Japanese rule (1910-1945). Korean anarchists federated across their end of the continent, including forming groups on the Japanese mainland and in Manchuria, but their efforts were perforated by regional and world wars.
Alfred Westholm
Daniel Alfred Westholm (22 June 1904 - 7 June 1996) was a Swedish archaeologist. He participated in the Swedish Cyprus Expedition, along with archaeologists Einar Gjerstad and Erik Sjöqvist and with architect John Lindros.

Einar Gjerstad
Einar Nilson Gjerstad (30 October 1897 – 8 January 1988) was a Swedish archaeologist. He was most noted for his research of the ancient Mediterranean, particularly known for his work on Cyprus, as well as his studies of early Rome.
Murano
Murano is a series of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian Lagoon, northern Italy. It lies about 1.5 km (1 mi) north of Venice and measures about 1.5 km (1 mi) across with a population of just over 5,000 (2004 figures). It is famous for its glass making. It was once an independent comune, but is now a frazione of the comune of Venice.

Venetian Lagoon
The Venetian Lagoon, also Venice Lagoon or Lagoon of Venice, is an enclosed bay of the Adriatic Sea, in northern Italy, in which the city of Venice is situated. Its name, from a Venetian derivative of Latin lacus 'lake', has become the generalized English term for any enclosed, shallow embayment of salt water – a lagoon.
Manuherikia Group
The Manuherikia Group is a fluvial-lacustrine sedimentary fill in the Central Otago area of New Zealand, at the site of the prehistoric Lake Manuherikia. The area consists of a valley and ridge topography, with a series of schist-greywacke mountains at roughly ninety degrees to each other. The Manuherika Group occurs in the current basins, and occasionally on the mountains themselves.

Lake Manuherikia
Lake Manuherikia was a prehistoric lake which once stretched over some 5,600 square kilometres (2,200 mi2) in what is now inland Otago in New Zealand's South Island. It stretched from Bannockburn and the Nevis valley in the west to Naseby in the east, and from the Waitaki valley in the north to Ranfurly in the south, including much of the area now referred to as the Maniototo. The lake existed from around 19 to 16 million years ago during the Miocene epoch, at which point New Zealand was significantly warmer than the present.

The warmer climate of Miocene New Zealand resulted in the lake being surrounded by rich subtropical vegetation. The edges of the lake were fringed with fen and bogland. After the lake dried up, its bed became a fossil-rich layer of sandstone, now known as the Manuherikia Group.
Octa of Kent
Octa (or Octha) (c. 500 – c. 543) was an Anglo-Saxon King of Kent during the 6th century. Sources disagree on his relationship to the other kings in his line; he may have been the son of Hengist or Oisc, and may have been the father of Oisc or Eormenric. The dates of his reign are unclear, but he may have ruled from 512 to 534 or from 516 to 540. Despite his shadowy recorded history Octa made an impact on the Britons, who describe his deeds in several sources.

Oisc of Kent
Oisc (early Old English [øːsk] or [øːʃ]), or, in a later spelling, Ēsc ([eːʃ]) was, if he existed, an early king of Kent and, according to Bede, the eponymous founder of the tribe known as Oiscingas (early Old English ['øːʃiŋgas].
Battle of Lopate
The Battle of Lopate (Serbian: Bitka na Lopatama) took place in 1796 between Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire near Lopate. Using Mahmut-pasha Bushatli's attack on Montenegro (see Battle of Krusi), Ottoman forces from Nikšić, Kolašin, Bihor, Bijelo Polje, Gusinje; likewise from Foča, Gacko, Stolac, Blagaj, Nevesinje, Trebinje and Korjenići; began advancing to the Montenegrin border. In early October 1796, when the Battle of Krusi occurred, a unit was organized, consisting of the soldiers from the mentioned towns. This unit attacked the mountains of Morača (Mount Lopatice, near Lopate) against the tribespeople of Trebjesa, Morača and Rovci. The unit suffered noticeable casualties. According to available sources, both sides lost about forty people.

Battle of Krusi
The Battle of Krusi (Albanian: Beteja e Krusit; Serbian: Битка на Крусима, romanized: Bitka na Krusima) was fought on 22 September 1796 between the campaigning army of Ottoman Empire commanded by Kara Mahmud Pasha, the Pasha of Scutari, and tribes of Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro under the command of Metropolitan Petar I Petrović Njegoš and Jovan Radonjić, at Krusi, Lješanska nahija.
Gaines, New York
Gaines is a town in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 3,226 at the 2020 census, and 3,378 at the 2010 census. The town is named after General Edmund P. Gaines, who defended the area during the War of 1812.

The Town of Gaines is in the north-central part of the county and contains part of the Village of Albion, the county seat. The current supervisor of Gaines is Tyler James Allport.

Albion (village), New York
Albion is a village in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 5,637 as of the 2020 census, down 419 from the 2010 census. The village is centrally located in the county, and is partly within the towns of both Albion and Gaines. It is the county seat of Orleans County and is about 30 miles (48 km) west/northwest of Rochester. Albion is part of the Rochester metropolitan area.
Traralgon railway station
Traralgon railway station is a regional railway station on the Gippsland line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the city of Traralgon, in Victoria, Australia. It opened on 1 June 1877, with the current station provided in 1995.

The station is the terminus for V/Line's Traralgon line services. It was formerly the junction of the cross country branch line to Maffra and Stratford, which was closed between 1987–1995.

Traralgon
Traralgon (/trərælɡən/ trəh-RAL-gən, locally /təˈrælɡən/ tə-RAL-gən) is a city located in the east of the Latrobe Valley in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia and the most populous city in the City of Latrobe and the region. The urban population of Traralgon at the 2021 census was 26,907. It is the largest and fastest growing city in the greater Latrobe Valley area, which has a population of 77,168 at the 2021 Census and is administered by the City of Latrobe.
Dandapāni
Dandapani was an ancient Indian king from the Koliya dynasty, who ruled a city called Koli. He was born. He was a brother to Suppabuddha and to his sisters Māyā and Pajāpatī. He was the Buddha's maternal uncle.

Suppabuddha
Suprabuddha (Sanskrit), or Suppabuddha (Pali) was the maternal uncle and father-in-law of the Buddha according to the Mahavamsa genealogy and the Theravada commentarial tradition. He was also known as Mahāsuppabuddha.

Suppabuddha is also the name of several other individuals mentioned briefly in the Theravada tradition.
Christopher Martin (Mayflower passenger)
Christopher Martin (c. 1582 – 1621) and his family embarked on the historic 1620 voyage of the Pilgrim ship Mayflower on its journey to the New World. He was initially the governor of passengers on the ship Speedwell until that ship was found to be unseaworthy, and later on the Mayflower, until replaced by John Carver. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact. He and his family all perished in the first winter at Plymouth Colony.

John Carver (governor)
John Carver was one of the Pilgrims who made the Mayflower voyage in 1620 which resulted in the creation of Plymouth Colony in America. He is credited with writing the Mayflower Compact and was its first signer, and was also the first governor of Plymouth Colony.
Gang bang
A gang bang is a sexual activity in which one person is the central focus of the sexual activity of several people, usually more than three, sequentially or simultaneously. The term generally refers to a woman being the focus; one man with multiple women can be referred to as a "reverse gang bang". The term has become associated with the porn industry and usually describes a staged event wherein a woman has sex with several men in direct succession. Bukkake is a type of gang bang, originating in Japan, that focuses on the central person being ejaculated upon by multiple male participants.

Bukkake
Bukkake (Japanese: ぶっかけ; [bɯkkake] ⓘ; English: /bʊˈkɑːkeɪ, bʊˈkɑːki/ buu-KAH-kay, buu-KAH-key or English: /bʊˈkækeɪ/ buu-KAK-ay) is a sex act in which one person is ejaculated on by multiple males. It is often portrayed in pornographic films.

Originating in Japan in the 1980s, the genre subsequently spread to North America and Europe, and crossed over into gay pornography.
Taplejung District
Taplejung District (Nepali: ताप्लेजुङ जिल्ला ({{Sherpa|xsr||རྟ་བླ་རྫོང Listenⓘ) is one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal and one of the 14 districts of Koshi Province. It is located deep in the Himalayas in Eastern Nepal with བོད to the north across the Himalayas. Taplejung is the third largest district (by area) of Nepal.

The district covers an area of 3,646 square kilometres (1,408 sq mi) and has a total population (2011 Nepal census) of 127,461. The district is surrounded by Tibet in the north, Sankhuwasabha District in the west, Tehrathum District and Panchthar District in the south and Sikkim (India) in the east. Geographically, the district is located at a latitude of 27º 06' to 27º 55'N and a longitude of 87º57' to 88°12' E.

Sankhuwasabha District
Sankhuwasabha District (Nepali: सङ्खुवासभा जिल्ला Listenⓘ)  is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district's area is 3,480 km2 with a population of 159,203 in 2001 and 158,742 in 2011. The administrative center is Khandbari.

Bordering districts are Bhojpur, Tehrathum, Dhankuta, Solukhumbu and Taplejung in Koshi Province. Tingri County of Shigatse Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China borders to the north.
Penny's Bay Highway
Penny's Bay Highway (Chinese: 竹篙灣公路; Cantonese Yale: juk1 gou1 waan1 gung1 lou6) is a section of expressway on Lantau Island in Hong Kong. The road links North Lantau Highway to Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and Penny's Bay Quarantine Centre in Penny's Bay. It is approximately 1.5 km, starting from the North Lantau Highway's junction in Yam O and ending at Penny's Bay to link with Magic Road (to Hong Kong Disneyland Resort) and Sunny Bay Road (to Yam O).

The road was opened in 2005 to connect Hong Kong Disneyland, which opened in the same year, to the rest of Hong Kong via the Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System. From the north terminus at North Lantau Highway, it passes parallel to Sunny Bay Road through a valley before reaching its southern terminus, a roundabout intersecting with Sunny Bay Road and Magic Road.

North Lantau Highway
The North Lantau Highway is an expressway forming part of Hong Kong's Route 8 motorway, linking Hong Kong International Airport and Lantau Island with the rest of the territory. The road has three lanes in each direction for its entire length with full-width hard shoulders for emergencies and breakdowns. The speed limit is 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph) for most of its length, the highest of any road in Hong Kong.

North Lantau Highway is 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) in length, beginning at Airport Road on Chek Lap Kok. The road then crosses onto Lantau Island and bypasses Tung Chung New Town. The road then travels along the northern coast of Lantau Island, next to the Airport Express and Tung Chung line of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR). This section is built on reclaimed land and through various cuttings. Finally, the road climbs over Ta Shui Wan and Tsing Chau Wan to meet the Lantau Link and its bridges.
Black Static
Black Static, formerly The 3rd Alternative, was a British horror magazine edited by Andy Cox. The magazine twice won the British Fantasy Award for "Best Magazine" while The 3rd Alternative twice won the same award for Best Small Press. In addition, individual stories published in the magazine won other awards and were reprinted in a number of collections of the year's best fiction.

Black Static was published by TTA Press alongside sister publications Crimewave, which takes a similarly idiosyncratic approach to crime fiction, and the long-running science fiction magazine Interzone. Together, The 3rd Alternative and Black Static were published for nearly 30 years.

Interzone (magazine)
Interzone is a British fantasy and science fiction magazine. Published since 1982, Interzone is the eighth-longest-running English language science fiction magazine in history, and the longest-running British science fiction (SF) magazine. Stories published in Interzone have been finalists for the Hugo Awards and have won a Nebula Award and numerous British Science Fiction Awards.
Mississippi Highway 9W
Mississippi Highway 9W (MS 9W) is a 20.3-mile (32.7 km) long state highway located in northern Mississippi. The southern terminus of the route is at MS 9 north of Bruce in Calhoun County while the northern terminus is at MS 7 south of Oxford in Lafayette County. The route is a two-lane undivided road its entire length and passes through rural areas of woods and farms. Along the way, MS 9W intersects MS 315 in Paris. MS 9W was designated to follow its current alignment in 1956 and was fully paved from a gravel road by 1960.

Mississippi Highway 7
Mississippi Highway 7 (MS 7) runs generally north–south from the Tennessee state line in Benton County to Belzoni, Mississippi.  It travels approximately 168 miles (270 km), serving Humphreys, Leflore, Carroll, Grenada, Yalobusha, Lafayette, Marshall, and Benton counties while serving several points of interest, including Florewood River Plantation State Park, the University of Mississippi, and Wall Doxey State Park. MS 7 runs nearly parallel to the rarely used Mississippi Central Railroad.