hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania Route 56
Pennsylvania Route 56 (PA 56) is a 108-mile-long (174 km) state highway that is located in west central Pennsylvania in the United States.

Its western terminus is situated at the eastern end of the C.L. Schmitt Bridge in New Kensington. Its eastern terminus is located on U.S. Route 30 (US 30) west of Bedford.

U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 30 (US 30) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs east–west across the southern part of Pennsylvania, passing through Pittsburgh and Philadelphia on its way from the West Virginia state line east to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge over the Delaware River into New Jersey.

In Pennsylvania, US 30 runs along or near the transcontinental Lincoln Highway, an auto trail which ran from San Francisco to New York City before the U.S. Numbered Highways were designated. The Lincoln Highway turned northeast at Philadelphia, however, using present US 1 and its former alignments to cross the Delaware River into Trenton, New Jersey.

Points of interest along US 30 include the Gettysburg Battlefield, Dutch Wonderland, the Flight 93 National Memorial, Fort Ligonier, Westmoreland Mall, Jennerstown Speedway Complex, Idlewild and Soak Zone, and Independence Mall at the Independence National Historical Park.
Changzhou comb
The Changzhou comb (Chinese: 常州梳篦; pinyin: Chángzhōu shūbì) is a type of hand-painted comb produced in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. In China, combs are called shubi (梳篦). The combs were originally made for use by royalty and have been in production for over 2000 years.

Shubi (comb)
Shubi (Chinese: 梳篦), also called as zhi (Chinese: 栉), is a generic term used for Chinese combs in China, which includes thick-teeth comb shu (Chinese: 梳) and thin-teeth comb bi (Chinese: 篦). Shubi originated about 6000 years ago in China during the late Neolithic period. Some Chinese combs dating from the Shang dynasty were found in the Tomb of Fuhao. In ancient China, Chinese combs had a high special status, a high artistic value, was an important form of hair ornament in Chinese history. Chinese comb also had and continues to hold unique cultural meaning and emotional value. Chinese combs in China were not used only for grooming purposes, they were also used holding and decorating hair. Both Chinese men and women wore decorative combs in their hair in ancient China. Chinese women often wore combs and fine-tooth combs in their hair buns. Chinese comb-making was also an important form of traditional Chinese art and business industry.
2024–25 ISU Junior Grand Prix
The 2024–25 ISU Junior Grand Prix was a series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from August 2024 through December 2024. It was the junior-level complement to the 2024–25 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event, and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the 2024–25 Junior Grand Prix Final in Grenoble, France.

2024–25 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2024–25 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final and ISU Junior Grand Prix Final was held from December 5–8, 2024, at the Patinoire Polesud in Grenoble, France. The combined event was the culmination of two international series: the Grand Prix of Figure Skating and the Junior Grand Prix. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at both the senior and junior levels.

The Grand Prix Final was originally to be held in Orléans, France, but the French Federation of Ice Sports chose to relocate the event to Grenoble.
British Rail Class 508
The British Rail Class 508 (4PER) electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger trains were built by British Rail Engineering Limited, at Holgate Road carriage works, York, in 1979 and 1980. They were a variant of British Rail's standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, eventually encompassing 755 vehicles and five classes (313/314/315/507/508). They mostly worked on the Merseyrail network from 1982 until withdrawal on 16 January 2024.

British Rail Class 507
The British Rail Class 507 electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger trains  were built by British Rail Engineering Limited at Holgate Road carriage works in two batches from 1978 to 1980. They are a variant of British Rail's standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs derived from PEP stock, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles over five classes (313, 314, 315, 507 and 508). They worked on the Merseyrail network from new until their retirement in November 2024. Between 2002 and 2005, all units were refurbished by Alstom's Eastleigh Works.

Following the withdrawal of the Class 313 fleet in 2023, the Class 507 fleet were the oldest EMUs operating on the mainline rail network in Great Britain until their withdrawal in 2024. However, the even older 1972 Stock and 1973 Stock are still in service on London Underground's Bakerloo and Piccadilly lines.
Virgin Media Ireland
Virgin Media Ireland is Liberty Global's telecommunications operation in Ireland. It is the largest digital cable television provider within the country. As of 3 August 2024, the company offers broadband internet, digital television digital (VoIP) telephony and mobile phone services to 1 million customers (31 December 2014). Until 4 May 2010, Virgin Media Ireland traded under the name Chorus NTL and UPC Ireland until 5 October 2015. Its main competitors in the Irish pay TV market are Sky Ireland, Eir and Vodafone Ireland.

NTL Ireland
NTL Communications (Ireland) Limited was a cable television and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) company in Ireland. As of 2005 it was owned by Liberty Global Europe (see history, below), having been divested by NTL. It was rebranded as UPC Ireland (now called Virgin Media Ireland).
Multi-ringed basin
A multi-ringed basin (also a multi-ring impact basin) is not a simple bowl-shaped crater, or a peak ring crater, but one containing multiple concentric topographic rings; a multi-ringed basin could be described as a massive impact crater, surrounded by circular chains of mountains resembling rings on a bull's-eye. A multi-ringed basin may have an area of many thousands of square kilometres.

An impact crater of diameter bigger than about 180 miles (290 km) is referred to as a basin.

Peak ring
A peak ring crater is a type of complex crater, which is different from a multi-ringed basin or central-peak crater. A central peak is not seen; instead, a roughly circular ring or plateau, possibly discontinuous, surrounds the crater's center, with the crater rim still farther out from the center.
Deep Synoptic Array
The Deep Synoptic Array (DSA) is a radio telescope array under construction in Spring Valley, Nevada, USA. The completed array will contain 1,650 steerable 6.15-metre (20 ft 2 in) parabolic antennas that observe the 0.7–2 GHz frequency range, scattered over an area of 19 by 15 kilometres (12 mi × 9 mi).  The main goal is a radio survey of the entire sky visible from its site, to search for transient sources.  A secondary goal is pulsar timing, to aid in the search for gravitational waves.

The project is managed by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) as part of their Owens Valley Radio Observatory, with funding provided by Schmidt Sciences. It is expected to be operational in 2029.

North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves
The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) Physics Frontier Center is a consortium of astronomers who share a common goal of detecting gravitational waves via regular observations of an ensemble of millisecond pulsars to create a pulsar timing array. They use data from the Green Bank Telescope, Arecibo Observatory, the Very Large Array, and the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). Future observing plans include up to 25% total time of the Deep Synoptic Array. This project is being carried out in collaboration with international partners in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array in Australia, the European Pulsar Timing Array, and the Indian Pulsar Timing Array as part of the International Pulsar Timing Array.
Imperium Galactica
Imperium Galactica is a 1997 4X video game, developed by Digital Reality. The same company would later make its sequel, Imperium Galactica II, in 1999. Imperium Galactica was published and distributed by GT Interactive in 1997. The soundtrack is the work of Tamás Kreiner. Nexus: The Jupiter Incident, developed by the Hungarian-based Mithis Entertainment, was originally planned and designed as Imperium Galactica 3 but in development renamed and refocussed to a real-time tactics game. The game was re-released in 2016 on GOG.com with support for Windows.

Imperium Galactica II: Alliances
Imperium Galactica II: Alliances is a video game featuring aspects of real-time tactics, real-time strategy and 4X elements from the Hungarian-based studio Digital Reality in 1999. It is the sequel to Digital Reality's previous game, Imperium Galactica. In 2016, the game was ported to iOS. The North American release is the final game to be released under the GT Interactive brand name, released shortly before Infogrames folded the label into its own studio in May 2000.
In the strategy game community, it's still considered one of the all-time best Space RTS games.
Eldon Square bus station
Eldon Square Bus Station is one of two bus stations serving Newcastle City Centre. It is owned by Newcastle City Council and is managed by Tyne and Wear PTE. The current glass-roofed bus station was built adjacent to the former, and is accessible via the mall.

It is located in the Haymarket area of the city centre, a short walk from Newcastle University and Northumbria University. It offers a connection with services from Haymarket bus station and Haymarket Metro Station. It is attached to, and accessible from Eldon Square Shopping Centre, which links the bus station with the Northumberland Street and Monument areas of the city.

Haymarket bus station, Newcastle upon Tyne
Haymarket bus station is a bus station located in the Haymarket area of Newcastle upon Tyne. It is situated next to the Haymarket Metro station, by the northern end of Northumberland Street and almost adjacent to Newcastle University.
Brent Cross West railway station
Brent Cross West is a railway station on the Thameslink route and on the Midland Main Line. The station serves Brent Cross and the northern parts of Cricklewood and Dollis Hill areas of north London. The station is part of the Brent Cross Town development, which also includes an investment to Cricklewood station further down the line. The station was opened on 10 December 2023.

Cricklewood railway station
Cricklewood railway station is on the Midland Main Line in England, serving the town of Cricklewood in the London Borough of Barnet, north London. It is 5 miles 9 chains (8.2 km) down the line from St Pancras and is situated between West Hampstead Thameslink to the south and Brent Cross West to the north. Its three-letter station code is CRI.

It is served by Thameslink services on the cross-London Thameslink route. It is in London fare zone 3.
David Bishop (Neighbours)
David Bishop is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Kevin Harrington. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 11 May 1988, arriving for his father Harold's (Ian Smith) wedding to Madge Ramsay (Anne Charleston). David, along with his wife Lilijana (Marcella Russo) and daughter Serena (Lara Sacher), returned in October 2003. In May 2005, it was announced that the family had been axed and David departed on 25 October 2005.

Liljana Bishop
Liljana Bishop is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Marcella Russo. She made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003. In May 2005, the character was written out and she departed on 25 October 2005 following a plane crash.
Ferdinando II de' Medici
Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria. Remembered by his contemporaries as a man of culture and science, he actively participated in the Accademia del Cimento, the first official scientific society in Italy, formed by his younger brother, Leopoldo de' Medici. His 49-year rule was punctuated by the beginning of Tuscany's long economic decline, which was further exacerbated by his successor, Cosimo III de' Medici. He married Vittoria della Rovere, a first cousin, with whom he had two children who reached adulthood: the aforementioned Cosimo III, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, a cardinal.

Francesco Maria de' Medici
Francesco Maria de' Medici (12 November 1660 – 3 February 1711) was a member of the House of Medici. He was successively a Governor of Siena, and later the heir of the duchy of Montefeltro by right of his mother. He was also a cardinal of the Catholic Church from the years of 1660 until 1709, participating in the papal conclaves of 1689, 1691, and 1700.
Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption
Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption is an expansion pack for the computer game Star Wars: Empire at War released in October 2006. It adds the "Zann Consortium" as a third faction in addition to a number of new features.

Star Wars: Empire at War
Star Wars: Empire at War is a 2006 real-time strategy video game developed by Petroglyph Games and published by LucasArts for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. Set between Episode III and Episode IV, it focuses on the fledgling struggle between the Empire and the Rebels. In October 2006, an expansion titled Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption was released.

An active modding community exists for the game, and Petroglyph has provided updates for several years after its release.
Mýrdalsjökull
Mýrdalsjökull (pronounced [ˈmirˌtalsˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, Icelandic for "(the) mire dale glacier" or "(the) mire valley glacier") is an ice cap on the top of the Katla volcano in the south of Iceland. It is to the north of the town of Vík í Mýrdal and to the east of the smaller ice cap Eyjafjallajökull. Between these two glaciers is the Fimmvörðuháls pass.

The glacier contributes to the most serious natural hazard area of Iceland.

Katla (volcano)
Katla (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰahtla] ⓘ) is an active subglacial volcano in southern Iceland. This volcano has been very active historically with at least twenty documented major eruptions since 2920 BC. In its recent history though, Katla has been less active as the last major eruption occurred in 1918. These eruptions have had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of between 4 and 5 on a scale of 0 to 8. In comparison, the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption had a VEI of 4. Larger VEI-5 eruptions are comparable to Mount St. Helens 1980 eruption. These eruptions have produced very large glacial outburst floods. Several smaller (minor) events measuring VEI-1 and below have occurred since.

Katla is one of the largest volcanic sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) on Earth, accounting for up to 4% of total global volcanic carbon dioxide emissions.
Astrid of Sweden
Astrid of Sweden (Astrid Sofia Lovisa Thyra; 17 November 1905 – 29 August 1935) was a member of the Swedish House of Bernadotte and later became Queen of the Belgians as the first wife of King Leopold III. Following her marriage to Leopold in November 1926, she assumed the title of Duchess of Brabant. Astrid held the position of Queen of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until her death in 1935. Known for her charitable efforts, she focused particularly on causes related to women and children.

Astrid and Leopold had three children. Their daughter, Joséphine-Charlotte, later became the Grand Duchess Consort of Luxembourg, while their sons both ascended the throne as King of the Belgians. Their son King Albert II named his first daughter, Princess Astrid of Belgium, after his mother. Queen Astrid was the sister of Crown Princess Märtha of Norway (the wife of the future King Olav V).

Albert II of Belgium
Albert II (born 6 June 1934) is a member of the Belgian royal family who reigned as King of the Belgians from 1993 until his abdication in 2013.

Albert II is the son of King Leopold III and the last living child of Queen Astrid, born a princess of Sweden. He is the younger brother of the late Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg and King Baudouin, whom he succeeded following Baudouin's death in 1993. He married Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria (now Queen Paola), with whom he had three children. Albert's eldest son, Philippe, is the current King of the Belgians.

On 3 July 2013, King Albert II attended a midday session of the Belgian cabinet. He then announced that, on 21 July, Belgian National Day, he would abdicate the throne for health reasons. He was succeeded by his son Philippe on 21 July 2013. In doing so, he was also the second Belgian monarch to abdicate, following his father, Leopold III, who abdicated in 1951. His nephew is former Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri.
Demetrius I Soter
Demetrius I Soter (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος Α` ὁ Σωτήρ, Dēmḗtrios ho Sōtḗr, "Demetrius the Saviour"; 185 – June 150 BC) reigned as king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire from November 162 to June 150 BC.  Demetrius grew up in Rome as a hostage, but returned to Greek Syria and overthrew his young cousin Antiochus V Eupator and regent Lysias.  Demetrius took control during a turbulent time of the Empire, and spent much of his time fighting off revolts and challenges to his power from threats such as Timarchus and Alexander Balas.

Antiochus V Eupator
Antiochus V Eupator (Ancient Greek: Αντίοχος Ε' Ευπάτωρ), whose epithet means "of a good father" (c. 172 BC – 162 BC) was a ruler of the Seleucid Empire who reigned from late 164 to 162 BC (based on dates from 1 Maccabees 6:16 and 7:1).

He was appointed as king by the Romans with his protector Lysias as regent.
2013–14 Irani Cup
The 2013–14 Irani Cup, also called 2013-14 Irani Trophy, was the 52nd season of the Irani Cup, a first-class cricket competition in India. It was a one-off match which was played from 9 February 2014 to 13 February 2014 between the 2013–14 Ranji champions Karnataka and the Rest of India team. Chinnaswamy Stadium, the home ground of Karnataka, hosted the match. Karnataka won the match by an innings and 222 runs.

2013–14 Ranji Trophy
The 2013–14 Ranji Trophy was the 80th season of the Ranji Trophy. It included the final match of Sachin Tendulkar's domestic career. The competition was won by Karnataka, who defeated Maharashtra in the final.
Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington
Kathleen Agnes Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (née Kennedy; February 20, 1920 – May 13, 1948), also known as "Kick" Kennedy, was an American socialite. She was the second daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald, a sister of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, and the wife of the Marquess of Hartington, heir apparent to the 10th Duke of Devonshire.

When her father was serving as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Kathleen made many friends in London and was the "debutante of 1938". Working with the Red Cross, she began a romantic relationship with Lord Hartington, whom she married in May 1944. He was killed on active service in Belgium only four months later. Kathleen died in a plane crash in 1948, flying to the south of France while on vacation with her new partner, the 8th Earl Fitzwilliam.

William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington
William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (10 December 1917 – 9 September 1944), was a British politician and British Army officer. He was the elder son of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, and therefore the heir to the dukedom. He was killed in action in the Second World War during fighting in the Low Countries in September 1944 whilst leading a company of the Coldstream Guards.
Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway
The Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway (GJ&PR) was a Welsh tramway.

The GJ&PR was a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railway connecting the slate quarries of Cwm Pennant with the wharves at Porthmadog harbour. It was built in 1872, partly as a conversion of the earlier 3 ft (914 mm) gauge Gorseddau Tramway, which in itself had incorporated the even earlier 3 ft (914 mm) gauge Tremadoc Tramway. It opened to mineral and goods traffic in 1875.

Gorseddau Tramway
The Gorseddau Tramway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway built in Wales in 1856 to link the slate quarries around Gorseddau with the wharves at Porthmadog. It was an early forerunner of the Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway and subsequently the Welsh Highland Railway.
Star 48
The Star 48 is the largest of a family of solid rocket motors used by many space propulsion and launch vehicle stages, almost exclusively as an upper stage. It was developed primarily by Thiokol Propulsion and after several mergers, is manufactured by Northrop Grumman’s Space Systems division. A Star 48B stage is also one of the few man-made items sent on escape trajectories out of the Solar System, although it is derelict since its use. The Star 48B variant was the PAM-D upper stage used on the retired Delta II rocket.

The Star 48 has been used as an upper stage in three- and four-stage launch systems.

Star (rocket stage)
The Star is a family of US solid-propellant rocket motors originally developed by Thiokol and used by many space propulsion and launch vehicle stages.  They are used almost exclusively as upper stages, often as apogee kick motors. The number designations refer to the approximate diameter of the fuel casing in inches.

Three Star 37 stages, and one Star 48 stage, were launched on solar escape trajectories; fast enough to leave the Sun's orbit and out into interstellar space, where barring the low chance of colliding with debris, they will travel past other stars in the Milky Way galaxy and survive potentially intact for millions of years.
Iu Mien people
The Iu Mien people (Iu Mienh 勉) are a subgroup of the Yao people, which is the largest of the three major Yao groups according to the Nationalities Affairs Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. The Iu Mien language is categorized as belonging to the Mien language family. Iu Mien populations can be found in Southern China (Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong, Yunnan), Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Burma, the United States, France, and other Western nations.

Yao people (Asia)
The Yao people (simplified Chinese: 瑶族; traditional Chinese: 瑤族; pinyin: Yáozú) or Dao (Vietnamese: người Dao) is a classification for various ethnic minorities in China and Vietnam. Their majority branch is also known as Mien. They originated in the areas around Changsha, which today is the capital of Hunan province. They speak a branch of the Hmong-Mien family of languages and share a strong genetic connection to the Hmong peoples. They are believed to have diverged from the Hmong around 5,800 years ago.

They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China and reside in the mountainous southwest and south of the country. They also form one of the 54 ethnic groups officially recognized by Vietnam. They numbered 3,309,341 in the 2020 Chinese census and 891,151 in the 2019 Vietnamese census. An estimated 60,000 Yao of the Iu Mien branch reside in the United States, mostly in the Western coastal states.