hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Dewing
Thomas Wilmer Dewing (May 4, 1851 – November 5, 1938) was an American painter working at the turn of the 20th century. Schooled in Paris, Dewing was noted for his figure paintings of aristocratic women. He was a founding member of the Ten American Painters and taught at the Art Students League of New York. The Freer Gallery of Art at the Smithsonian Institution has a collection of his works. He was the husband of fellow artist Maria Oakey Dewing.

Maria Oakey Dewing
Maria Oakey Dewing (October 27, 1845 – December 13, 1927) was an American painter known for her depiction of flowers. Her work was inspired by John La Farge and her love of gardening. She also made figure drawings and was a founding member of the Art Students League of New York. Dewing won bronze medals for two of her works at world expositions. She was married to the artist Thomas Dewing.
Battle of Hakodate
The Battle of Hakodate (箱館戦争, Hakodate Sensō) was fought in Japan from December 4, 1868, to June 27, 1869, between the remnants of the Tokugawa shogunate army, consolidated into the armed forces of the rebel Ezo Republic, and the armies of the newly formed Imperial government (composed mainly of forces of the Chōshū and the Satsuma domains).  It was the last stage of the Boshin War, and occurred around Hakodate in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō. In Japanese, it is also known as the Battle of Goryokaku (五稜郭の戦い, Goryokaku no tatakai).

Republic of Ezo
The Republic of Ezo (蝦夷共和國, Ezo Kyōwakoku) was a short-lived separatist state established in 1869 on the island of Ezo, now Hokkaido, by a part of the former military of the Tokugawa shogunate at the end of the Bakumatsu period in Japan. It was the first government to attempt to institute democracy in Japan, though voting was allowed only to the samurai caste. The Republic of Ezo existed for five months before being annexed by the newly established Empire of Japan.
David T. Wilentz
David Theodore Wilentz (December 21, 1894 – July 6, 1988) was the Attorney General of New Jersey from 1934 to 1944. In 1935 he successfully prosecuted Bruno Hauptmann in the Lindbergh kidnapping trial. He was the father of Robert Wilentz, Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1979 to 1996, as well as Norma Hess, wife of Leon Hess, founder of Hess Corporation and Warren Wilentz

Robert Wilentz
Robert Nathan Wilentz (February 17, 1927 – July 23, 1996) was Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1979 to 1996, making him the longest-serving Chief Justice since the Supreme Court became New Jersey's highest court in 1948.
Sugar cane grower associations in Fiji
Sugar cane grower associations in Fiji represent sugar cane farmers−growers both in contemporary Fiji and have a long history in the preceding British Colony of Fiji. They served as trade unions to collectively negotiate with sugar mills.

Some of the Fijian sugar cane growers associations had provincially based areas of suppoer, as indicated by their names: Nadroga Fijian Cane Growers Association in Nadroga-Navosa Province, the Ra Fijian Cane Growers Association in Ra Province, and the Ba Fijian Cane Growers Association in Ba Province. Other regionally based unions include Labasa Kisan Sangh, the Rewa Planters Union, and the Southern Division Kisan Sangh.

Other groups were formed to provide leverage to ethnic sections of the community, such as Indians in Fiji and indigenous Fijian people.

Southern Division Kisan Sangh
The Southern Division Kisan Sangh was formed in Fiji in 1946 by a former member of parliament, K. B. Singh, due to personal differences with the president of the Rewa Planters Union, Ram Krishna Chaudhary. There was widespread opposition to this until Vishnu Deo took over its leadership and worked together with Ram Krishna Chaudhary and his union.

In 1948, Vishnu Deo and A. D. Patel parted ways after having worked together since 1929 and this affected the sugarcane industry as Vishnu Deo aligned himself with Ayodhya Prasad and the Kisan Sangh and was opposed to A.D. Patel's Maha Sangh.

The Southern Division Kisan Sangh took an active role in the negotiations for the 1950 cane contract. Vishnu Deo's union and Ayodhya Prasad's Kisan Sangh opposed the contract as presented by the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, while A.D. Patel's Maha Sangh supported it.

With the closure of the Nausori sugar mill in 1959, the union ceased to exist.
Flying trapeze
The flying trapeze is a specific form of the trapeze in which a performer jumps from a platform with the trapeze so that gravity makes the trapeze swing.

The performance was invented in 1859 by a Frenchman named Jules Léotard, who connected a bar to some ventilator cords above the swimming pool in his father's gymnasium in Toulouse, France. After practicing tricks above the pool, Leotard performed his act in the Cirque Napoleon (now known as the Cirque d'hiver).  The traditional flier's costume, the leotard, is named after him.

Trapeze
A trapeze is a short horizontal bar hung by ropes, metal straps, or chains, from a ceiling support. It is an aerial apparatus commonly found in circus performances. Trapeze acts may be static, spinning (rigged from a single point), swinging or flying, and may be performed solo, double, triple or as a group act.

The name of the apparatus reflects the trapezoid shape made by the horizontal bar, ropes and ceiling support.
Chastity (character)
Chastity is a fictional horror and superhero comic-book character created by writer Brian Pulido and artist Steven Hughes. She first appeared in Evil Ernie: Straight to Hell #1 (October 1995). Originally produced and published by Chaos! Comics, Chastity and the Chaos! library of characters are now owned and published by Dynamite Entertainment. Chastity is a punk rock fan turned vampire. Undetectable to other vampires and spiteful toward her fellow occult beings, she became an assassin and slayer of vampires. Chastity was one of the most popular "bad girls" among a trend in 1990s comic books.

Evil Ernie
Evil Ernie, an undead psychotic killer, is a supervillain created by writer Brian Pulido and artist Steven Hughes in 1991 and originally published by Eternity Comics. The imprint shifted hands in 1993 to Chaos! Comics and then Devil's Due Publishing in 2005. Evil Ernie is currently published by Dynamite Entertainment, which purchased the Chaos! Comics imprint.
Case Mountain
Located in the southeastern section of Manchester, Connecticut, the Case Mountain Recreational Area encompasses 640 acres (2.6 km2) of combined open space and watershed land stretching from the Glastonbury border north to Case Pond. Some trails lead south across the Glastonbury border to a larger area of land owned by the Town of Manchester to maintain the Buckingham Reservoir and provide drinking water to Manchester. The land around the reservoir is open to recreation. While there is a hill named Case Mountain in this area, locals refer to this entire trail system and forest in Manchester and Glastonbury simply as “Case Mountain.”

Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 59,713. The urban center of the town is the Manchester census-designated place, with a population of 36,379 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Manchester, in England.
Kadet (TV channel)
Kadet was a Flemish children’s television channel owned by Medialaan–De Persgroep (now DPG Media). The channel launched on 18 December 2015, replacing the youth-oriented channel JIM, which had ceased broadcasting two days earlier. Kadet was positioned primarily as a boys-focused channel, complementing Medialaan’s existing children’s brand vtmKZOOM.

In December 2018, Medialaan announced a full rebranding of its children’s portfolio. As a result, both Kadet and vtmKZOOM were discontinued and replaced by VTM Kids and VTM Kids Jr., marking the end of Kadet as a standalone channel.

JIM (Flemish TV channel)
JIM (launched as JIMtv in 2001) was a Flemish television channel of the Medialaan (Now DPG Media) that is aimed at people aged between 15 and 24. Its name is a backronym for "Jong, Interactief en Meer" (English: Young, Interactive and More). During its first years, the channel mainly broadcast music videos. They have since started mixing this with programs such as Brainiac and Snoop Dogg's Father Hood. The channel stopped broadcasting on 16 December 2015.
Fujifilm X-Pro2
The Fujifilm X-Pro2 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced in January 2016. It is part of Fujifilm's X-Series of cameras, the successor to the X-Pro1. Sales began on 3 March 2016.

The X-Pro2 is the first mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera to have dual SD card slots. Fujifilm made some changes to the layout from the X-Pro1 and added a joystick.

The X-Pro2 jointly won a Camera Grand Prix Japan 2016 Editors Award.

The successor to the X-Pro2 is the Fujifilm X-Pro3 announced in October 2019.

Fujifilm X-Pro1
The Fujifilm X-Pro1 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced in January 2012 and launched in March 2012. It is part of Fujifilm's X-Series of cameras. In October 2012 Fujifilm released a very similar, yet smaller, camera named the X-E1. In January 2016 Fujifilm announced its successor, the X-Pro2.
Homerton
Homerton (/ˈhɒmərtən/ HOM-ər-tən) is an area in London, England, in the London Borough of Hackney. It is bordered to the west by Hackney Central, to the north by Lower Clapton, in the east by Hackney Wick, Leyton and by South Hackney to the south. There are fifty listed buildings located within the boundaries of the Homerton electoral ward.

Hackney Wick
Hackney Wick is a neighbourhood in East London, England. The area forms the south-eastern part of the district of Hackney, and also of the wider London Borough of Hackney. Adjacent areas of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, namely Fish Island, are sometimes also described as being part of Hackney Wick. The area lies 4.2 miles (6.8 km) northeast of Charing Cross.
Kamen Rider Saber
Kamen Rider Saber (仮面ライダーセイバー（聖刃）, Kamen Raidā Seibā) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama, the 31st entry of Toei Company's Kamen Rider franchise, and the second series to debut during the Reiwa period. The series premiered on September 6, 2020, joining Mashin Sentai Kiramager, and later, Kikai Sentai Zenkaiger in the Super Hero Time line-up after the finale of Kamen Rider Zero-One before being succeeded by Kamen Rider Revice on September 5, 2021. The series is notable for its use of a fantasy setting and its storybook theming.

Kamen Rider Revice
Kamen Rider Revice (仮面ライダーリバイス, Kamen Raidā Ribaisu) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama and the 32nd entry of Toei Company's Kamen Rider metaseries. It is the third series to debut during the Reiwa period and commemorates the 50th anniversary of the franchise. The series premiered on September 5, 2021, joining Kikai Sentai Zenkaiger and later, Avataro Sentai Donbrothers in the Super Hero Time line-up following the finale of Kamen Rider Saber and was followed by Kamen Rider Geats after its own finale.

The series revolves around animals/dinosaurs/insects/birds/prehistoric creatures and demons. It also centered on the theme of deal with the devil, first introduced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Faust, as well as motifs of genetic memory.
Charlie Spring
Charlie Spring is one of the two protagonists in the Alice Oseman graphic novel series Heartstopper as well as its 2022 Netflix adaptation, where he is portrayed by Joe Locke. His first appearance was in the 2014 novel Solitaire.

Heartstopper (graphic novel)
Heartstopper is a British coming-of-age story in the form of both graphic novels and a webcomic series both written and illustrated by British author Alice Oseman. The story follows the lives of Nick Nelson and Charlie Spring as they meet and fall in love. The series is a prequel to Oseman's 2015 novella, Nick and Charlie, although the characters originally appeared in her 2014 novel, Solitaire.

The series was later adapted into the Netflix television series of the same name also written by Oseman and starring Kit Connor and Joe Locke as Nick and Charlie, respectively. The series premiered in 2022 to critical acclaim.

Since 2021, the inclusion of the Heartstopper series in libraries has been challenged on multiple occasions due to its LGBTQ content and subject matter. This has included bans from school libraries in Florida, Oregon, and Mississippi.
Worm of Linton
The Linton Worm is a mythical beast referred to in a Scottish Borders legend dating back to the 12th century. "Wyrm" is the Old English for serpent. A 12th-century writer believed it to be "In length three Scots yards and bigger than an ordinary man’s leg – in form and callour to our common muir edders." The myth is similar to that of the Lambton Worm.

Lambton Worm
The Lambton Worm is a legend from County Durham in North-East England in the United Kingdom. The story takes place around the River Wear, and is one of the area's pieces of folklore, having been adapted from written and oral tradition into pantomime and song formats.
Lady for a Day
Lady for a Day is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy-drama film directed by Frank Capra. The screenplay by Robert Riskin is based on the 1929 short story "Madame La Gimp" by Damon Runyon. It was the first film for which Capra received an Academy Award nomination for Best Director and the first Columbia Pictures release to be nominated for Best Picture. Capra also directed its 1961 remake, Pocketful of Miracles.

Pocketful of Miracles
Pocketful of Miracles is a 1961 American comedy film, starring Glenn Ford and Bette Davis, produced and directed by Frank Capra, filmed in Panavision. The screenplay by Hal Kanter and Harry Tugend was based on Robert Riskin's screenplay for the 1933 film Lady for a Day, which was in turn adapted from the 1929 Damon Runyon short story "Madame La Gimp". That original 1933 film was also directed by Capra—one of two films that he originally directed and later remade, the other being Broadway Bill (1934) and its remake Riding High (1950).

The film was the final project for both Capra and Thomas Mitchell. It marked Ann-Margret's film debut.

Peter Falk was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Royal Institute of Oil Painters
The Royal Institute of Oil Painters, also known as ROI, is an association of painters in London, England, and is the only major art society which features work done only in oil. It is a member society of the Federation of British Artists.

Federation of British Artists
The Federation of British Artists (FBA) consists of nine art societies, and is based at Mall Galleries in London where the societies' Annual Exhibitions are held. The societies represent living artists working in the United Kingdom who create contemporary figurative art. Mall Galleries aim to 'promote, inspire and educate audiences about the visual arts.'
Battlesbridge railway station
Battlesbridge railway station is a stop on the Crouch Valley Line in the East of England, serving the village of Battlesbridge, Essex. It is 31 miles 40 chains (50.7 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Wickford to the west and South Woodham Ferrers. Train services are operated by Greater Anglia.

Wickford railway station
Wickford railway station is a junction stop on the Shenfield to Southend Line and also the western terminus of the Crouch Valley Line in the east of England, serving the town of Wickford in the Basildon district of Essex. It is 29 miles 2 chains (46.71 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Billericay to the west and, to the east, Rayleigh on the Southend Line and Battlesbridge on the Crouch Valley Line. The Engineer's Line Reference for the line is SSV, the station's three-letter station code is WIC.

Most Southend services connect to the Great Eastern Main Line at Shenfield for northbound connections. Peak-time trains to/from Southminster  also run through to London. Wickford station, and all trains serving it, are currently operated by Greater Anglia.
Zheng Zu
Zheng Zu (Chinese: 鄭祖), originally known as Fu Manchu, is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Based on Sax Rohmer's character of the same name, he is the leader of the Five Weapons Society criminal organization and the father and arch-enemy of Shang-Chi.

The character debuted in Special Marvel Edition #15 (cover-dated December 1973)  in the Bronze Age of Comic Books, under the name "Fu Manchu", based on the Sax Rohmer character of the same name and adapted into Marvel Comics by Steve Englehart and Jim Starlin. Due to Marvel losing the rights to the Fu Manchu character in 1983, the character was referred to simply as "Shang-Chi's father" and by a number of aliases over the following decades, before his name was changed to "Zheng Zu" in 2010.

Tony Leung Chiu-wai portrays a character partially inspired by Fu Manchu called Xu Wenwu in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021).

Five Weapons Society
The Five Weapons Society is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Five Weapons Society was an organization created by the brothers Zheng Yi and Zheng Zu to defend China during the Qing dynasty. After Yi's death, the society became a criminal organization, using names such as the Celestial Order of the Si-Fan and the Celestial Order of the Hai-Dai.

The organization debuted in Special Marvel Edition #15 (December 1973), in the Bronze Age of Comic Books, as the “Celestial Order of Si-Fan”, the name of the organization created by Sax Rohmer in his Fu Manchu novels. After Marvel lost the publication rights to the Rohmer characters, Fu Manchu, the father of Shang-Chi, was retconned into Zheng Zu.
Mylopotamos, Crete
Mylopotamos (Greek: Μυλοπόταμος) is a municipality in Rethymno regional unit in the Greek island of Crete. Spread across an area of 360.703 km2 (139.268 sq mi), it was formed from the former municipalities of Geropotamos, Kouloukonas, and Zoniana in 2011. The seat of the municipality is Perama. This region is characterized by mountainous terrain interspersed with fertile valleys.

Kouloukonas
Kouloukonas (Greek: Κουλούκωνας) is a former municipality in the Rethymno regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Mylopotamos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 148.187 km2 (57.215 sq mi). Population 4,098 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Garazo.
Iterative rational Krylov algorithm
The iterative rational Krylov algorithm (IRKA), is an iterative algorithm, useful for model order reduction (MOR) of single-input single-output (SISO) linear time-invariant dynamical systems. At each iteration, IRKA does an Hermite type interpolation of the original system transfer function. Each interpolation requires solving  shifted pairs of linear systems, each of size ; where  is the original system order, and  is the desired reduced model order (usually ).

The algorithm was first introduced by Gugercin, Antoulas and Beattie in 2008. It is based on a first order necessary optimality condition, initially investigated by Meier and Luenberger in 1967. The first convergence proof of IRKA was given by Flagg, Beattie and Gugercin in 2012, for a particular kind of systems.

Model order reduction
Model order reduction (MOR) is a technique for reducing the computational complexity of mathematical models in numerical simulations. As such it is closely related to the concept of metamodeling, with applications in all areas of mathematical modelling.
Maronina
Maronina is a genus of crustose, lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae (order Lecanorales). It currently comprises three species, with the type species, Maronina australiensis, restricted to mangrove habitats in subtropical eastern Australia. The genus was established in 1990 for species with unusually many-spored asci, but its circumscription has undergone several revisions based on DNA evidence, leading to the removal of most tropical bark-dwelling species to other genera, particularly Neoprotoparmelia. In the strict circumscription proposed from DNA evidence, Maronina is distinguished by its crustose thallus, lecanorine fruiting bodies (apothecia) with brown discs, many-spored asci, and chemistry dominated by depsides rather than depsidones.

Neoprotoparmelia
Neoprotoparmelia is a genus of crustose lichens that was created in 2018. It contains 24 tropical and subtropical species that mostly grow on bark. Neoprotoparmelia is in the subfamily Protoparmelioideae of the family Parmeliaceae, along with the morphologically similar genera Protoparmelia and Maronina.
Johann, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
Johann Karl August, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (German: Johann Karl August von Leiningen-Dagsburg; 19 March 1662 in Schloss Broich, Mülheim an der Ruhr – 13 November 1698 in Schloss Broich) was a German nobleman. By descent, he was Count of Leiningen and Dagsburg, by heritage, he was Lord of Broich and Bürgel.

Leiningen family
The House of Leiningen is the name of an old German noble family whose lands lay principally in Alsace, Lorraine, Saarland, Rhineland, and the Palatinate. Various branches of this family developed over the centuries and ruled counties with Imperial immediacy.
Fujiwara no Akisue
Fujiwara no Akisue (藤原 顕季; 1055 – 27 September 1123) was a noted Japanese poet and nobleman. He was active at the end of the Heian period, and the son of Fujiwara no Takatsune (藤原 隆経).  He was also a member of the famous poetic and aristocratic clan, the Fujiwara.

Akisue was close to Emperor Shirakawa, as his mother was the Emperor's nurse, and due to the influence of Fujiwara no Sanesue (藤原 実季), his foster father, who was Dainagon to the Emperor.  Starting in 1075, Akisue held a number of local official posts, and by 1109 was appointed as a Dazai Daini (secretary to the administrative officer of several provinces). Akisue was the father of Fujiwara no Akisuke.

Fujiwara no Akisuke
Fujiwara no Akisuke (藤原 顕輔, 1090–1155) was a waka poet and nobleman active in the Heian period Japan. One of his poems is included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. A member of the Fujiwara clan, he was also known as Sakyō no Daibu Akisuke (左京大夫 顕輔). His father was Fujiwara no Akisue and his son was Fujiwara no Kiyosuke.
Halloween Screams
Halloween Screams: A Villainous Surprise in the Skies is a Halloween-themed fireworks show that is presented at Disneyland during the seasonal Mickey's Halloween Party event. Based on the similarly themed, former fireworks show HalloWishes at Magic Kingdom, Halloween Screams is hosted by Jack Skellington and features appearances from Disney Villains and music from Disney animated features.

HalloWishes
HalloWishes (also known by its full title, Happy HalloWishes: A Grim Grinning Ghosts Spooktacular in the Sky) was a fireworks show that took place during "Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party" at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park from 2005 to 2018. It was loosely based on the popular Haunted Mansion attraction and includes vocal appearances by Disney Villains. It was replaced by Disney's Not So Spooky Spectacular!.