hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Macintosh II family
The Macintosh II is a family of personal computers that was designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1987 to 1993. The Macintosh II was the initial model, representing the high-end of the Macintosh line for the time.  Over the course of the next six years, seven more models were produced, culminating with the short-lived Macintosh IIvi and Macintosh IIvx models. Apple retired the Macintosh II name when it moved to Motorola 68040 processors; the Centris and Quadra names were used instead.

Macintosh IIvx
The Macintosh IIvx is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from October 1992 to October 1993. It is the last of the Macintosh II family of Macintosh computers. The IIvx was introduced at the same time as the slower Macintosh IIvi, with both models using the same metal case design as the earlier Performa 600 and Performa 600CD. Like the Performa 600CD, the IIvx could be equipped with an internal double-speed CD-ROM drive.
Ashio, Tochigi
Ashio (足尾町, Ashio-machi) was a town located in Kamitsuga District, Tochigi, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,465 and a density of 18.65 persons per km2. The total area was 185.79 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Ashio, along with the city of Imaichi, the town of Fujihara, and the village of Kuriyama (both from Shioya District), was merged into the expanded city of Nikkō.

The Ashio Copper Mine was located in Ashio. This copper mine caused a major pollution problem in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century. Subsequent environmental problems related to the mine are still evident along the river, in Tochigi, Gunma and Ibaraki Prefectures. In 1907 the Ashio miners rioted. During World War II a POW camp was based here to supply slave labour to the copper mines.

The following communities agreed to seek the permission of the governor of the prefecture to merge on March 1, 2006:

Nikkō

Imaichi

Ashio

Fujihara

Kuriyama

Fujihara, Tochigi
Fujihara (藤原町, Fujihara-machi) was a town located in Shioya District, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2001, the town had an estimated population of 13,798 and a density of 23.85 persons per km2. The total area was 2,072.27 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Fujihara, along with the city of Imaichi, the town of Ashio (from Kamitsuga District), and the village of Kuriyama (also from Shioya District), was merged into the expanded city of Nikkō.
Battle of Graspan
The Battle of Graspan, also known as the Battle of Enslin, was an engagement in the Second Boer War near the Enslin railway station at Graspan kopje. The battle took place on November 25, 1899, between British forces led by Lord Methuen and Boers led by Koos de la Rey.

After the Battle of Belmont, Lord Methuen's force advanced up the railway in armored trains. On November 24, the train was shelled by Boer artillery in the nearby hills, derailing it. Methuen then decided to engage the Boers to continue his advance, with a subsequent assault on the next day.

Battle of Belmont (1899)
The Battle of Belmont was an engagement of the Second Boer War on 23 November 1899, where the British under Lord Methuen assaulted a Boer position on Belmont kopje.

Methuen's three brigades were on their way to raise the Boer siege of Kimberley. A Boer force of about 2,000 men had entrenched on the range of Belmont kopje to delay their advance. Methuen sent the Guards Brigade on a night march to outflank the Boers, but due to faulty maps the Grenadier Guards found themselves in front of the Boer position instead.

The Guards, the 9th Brigade and the Naval Brigade assaulted the Boers over open ground, suffering about 200 casualties. Before the British came to use their bayonets, the Boers retreated by pony and re-formed in another entrenched position at Graspan, where the pattern was repeated with the British suffering another 197 casualties: one sailor reporting that "at 200 yards we fixed bayonets, and we just saw their heels; they didn't wait when they heard the rattle".
MTA (app)
MTA is a mobile application-based passenger information display system developed by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York City, formerly known as MYmta until 2024. A beta version of the app was launched on July 2, 2018. While other applications exist which serve similar functions, the MTA app is an all-in-one source for data provided directly by the MTA.

Metropolitan Transportation Authority
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation in New York State responsible for public transportation in the New York City metropolitan area. The MTA is the largest public transit authority in North America, serving 12 counties in Downstate New York, along with two counties in southwestern Connecticut under contract with the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT), carrying over 11 million passengers on an average weekday systemwide, and over 850,000 vehicles on its seven toll bridges and two tunnels per weekday.
WPFB
WPFB (910 AM) is a radio station broadcasting Catholic programming after a switch from an adult album alternative format as a simulcast of WNKU. It is licensed to Middletown, Ohio, United States, and serves the Dayton area.  The station is owned by Sacred Heart Radio, Inc. and is now simulcasting WNOP 740 AM licensed in Newport, Kentucky.  In April 2016, WPFB was sold to Sacred Heart Radio, a religious talk radio station based in Norwood, Ohio. On June 3, 2016 WPFB began simulcasting WNOP (AM) alongside WHSS.

WNOP (AM)
WNOP (740 kHz) is an AM radio station located in Newport, Kentucky, that can be heard in and around the Cincinnati area. It now broadcasts for Cincinnati's Catholic community and archdiocesan base and is an affiliate of EWTN radio for most (if not all) of its programming.

WNOP was a jazz station for 38 years, except for a brief run as a CNN Headline News affiliate from 1992 to 1994. WNOP's current religious talk format started on December 31, 2000.
Boxmeer
Boxmeer (Dutch pronunciation: [bɔksˈmeːr] ⓘ) is a town and former municipality in upper southeastern Netherlands. Boxmeer as a municipality incorporated the former municipality of Beugen en Rijkevoort and that of Vierlingsbeek.

One of the population centers of the former municipality is Overloon, where the Overloon War Museum is located.

Boxmeer, Cuijk, Grave, Mill en Sint Hubert, and Sint Anthonis merged into the new municipality of Land van Cuijk on 1 January 2022.

Overloon
Overloon is a village with 3,626 inhabitants on the outskirts of the Peel region, in the former municipality of Boxmeer, North Brabant. Since 2022 it has been part of the new municipality of Land van Cuijk.

Located on the outskirts is the National Museum of War and Resistance of the Netherlands, which originated as a museum for a World War II battle (Battle of Overloon) that occurred around the village from  30 September to 18 October 1944. The village is located close to the A73 motorway between Venlo and Nijmegen.
Washington International School
The Washington International School (abbreviated as WIS; Spanish: Colegio Internacional de Washington; French: École Internationale de Washington) is a private international school in Washington, DC.

Established in 1966, WIS was the first school in the Washington area to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) program.

The school has two campuses: the primary school (grades PK–5) in Georgetown, and the middle and upper school (grades 6–12) in Cleveland Park. The middle and upper school campus is located on the grounds of Marjorie Merriweather Post's Tregaron Estate.

The Washington International School's upper school was ranked as the 73rd most challenging high school in the country and the most challenging high school in the Washington, D.C., area by the Washington Post's "Ranking America's most challenging high schools" article in 2016. Popular school ranking website Niche listed it as the eighth best private high school in the D.C. area.

Tregaron Estate
"Tregaron Estate," formerly known as "The Causeway," is a country house and estate located in the Cleveland Park neighborhood of Northwest, Washington, D.C.
The estate, built in 1912, was designed by architect Charles Adams Platt and landscape architect Ellen Biddle Shipman.
The original owners, Alice and James Parmelee, lived at the estate from the time of its construction until 1940.
From 1942 to 1958, it was occupied by Joseph E. Davies, who had served as United States ambassador to several countries, and his second wife, Post Cereal Company heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post.
Today the estate is occupied by a campus of the Washington International School and the Tregaron Conservancy.
Paul Simon in Concert
Paul Simon in Concert  (also released under the titles Live at the Tower Theatre and Live from Philadelphia) is a live concert video recording by Paul Simon and his touring band, recorded in Philadelphia during his 1980 tour in support of his One-Trick Pony album.

One-Trick Pony (album)
One-Trick Pony is the fifth solo studio album by Paul Simon released in 1980. It was Simon's first album for Warner Bros. Records, and his first new studio album since 1975's Still Crazy After All These Years. His back catalog from Columbia Records also moved to Warner Bros. as a result of his signing with the label.
DB-1
The DB-1 is a West German sailboat that was designed by E. G. van de Stadt and Cees van Tongeren as an International Offshore Rule Three-Quarter Ton class racer and first built in 1980.

The DB-1 design was developed into the DB-2 in 1981.

DB-2
The DB-2 is a West German sailboat that was designed by E. G. van de Stadt and Cees van Tongeren as an International Offshore Rule Three-Quarter Ton class racer and first built in 1981.

The DB-1 design was developed into the DB-2 in 1981, with modifications that included a walk-through transom, lighter weight, more ballast and increased sail area.
Dugi Otok
Dugi Otok (pronounced [dûɡiː ǒtok]; Croatian for "Long Island"; Italian and Venetian: Isola Lunga) is part of Croatia and the seventh largest island in the Adriatic Sea. It is located off the Dalmatian coast, west of Zadar. It is the largest and westernmost of the Zadarian Islands, and derives its name from its distinctive shape: it is 44.5 km (27.7 miles) long by 4.8 km (3.0 miles) wide, with an area of 114 square kilometres (44 sq mi). Its elevation reaches 300 m; and many of its higher portions contain stands of Maritime Pine.

The western coast is tall and rugged, and many of the towns are clustered on the eastern side, including Sali, the largest, Zaglav, Žman, Luka, Savar, Brbinj, Dragove, Božava, Soline, Verunić (Verona) and Veli Rat. A nature park, Telašćica, covers the southern part of the island and is adjacent to Kornati Islands National Park. There are six islets and rocks in the Telašćica Bay: Korotan, Galijola, Gozdenjak, Farfarikulac, Gornji Školj and Donji Školj.

Kornati
The Kornati archipelago (pronounced [kɔ̝rnǎːti]) of Croatia, also known as the Stomorski islands, is located in the northern part of Dalmatia, south from Zadar and west from Šibenik, in the Šibenik-Knin County. With 35 kilometres (22 miles) length and 89 islands, some large, some small, in a sea area of about 320 square kilometres (124 sq mi), the Kornati are the densest archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. From northwest to southeast (from the island of Balabra to Samograd), and from northeast to southwest (from Gangarol to Mana) they stretch for 13 km (8 miles). The name of the archipelago is the plural form of the name of the largest island, called Kornat.
Carboalkoxylation
In industrial chemistry, carboalkoxylation is a process for converting alkenes to esters. This reaction is a form of carbonylation.  A closely related reaction is hydrocarboxylation, which employs water in place of alcohols.

A commercial application is the carbomethoxylation of ethylene to give methyl propionate:

C2H4  +  CO  +  MeOH  →  MeO2CC2H5

The process is catalyzed by Pd[C6H4(CH2PBu-t)2]2.  Under similar conditions, other Pd-diphosphines catalyze formation of polyethyleneketone.

Methyl propionate ester is a precursor to methyl methacrylate, which is used in plastics and adhesives.

Carboalkoxylation has been incorporated into various telomerization schemes.  For example carboalkoxylation has been coupled with the dimerization of 1,3-butadiene. This step produces a doubly unsaturated C9-ester:

2 CH2=CH−CH=CH2  +  CO  +  CH3OH  →  CH2=CH(CH2)3CH=CHCH2CO2CH3

Carbonylation
In chemistry, carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide (CO) into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. The term carbonylation also refers to oxidation of protein side chains.
CKY crew
The Camp Kill Yourself crew (referred to as the CKY crew) was a group of friends and relatives centered on television personality and skateboarder Bam Margera, many of whom are from or located in and around West Chester, Pennsylvania. The crew was active from Landspeed presents: CKY (1999) to Minghags: The Movie (2009). Some members of the crew were skateboarders, while others were involved either on-camera or behind-the-scenes in Margera's various projects such as the CKY videos, Jackass, Viva La Bam, Haggard: The Movie, Bam's Unholy Union, Minghags: The Movie, and Radio Bam.

The CKY crew was closely linked to the band CKY, which features Bam's brother Jess Margera on drums. Music by the band was often featured in video projects that members of the crew were involved with.

Jess Margera
Jesse Margera (born August 28, 1978) is an American musician. He is best known as the drummer of the rock band CKY, which he co-founded in 1998. Prior to CKY, Margera performed in the band Foreign Objects with former CKY vocalist and guitarist Deron Miller, and he has since worked with Gnarkill, Viking Skull, The Company Band, Fuckface Unstoppable, and Sovereign Eagle. Margera has also appeared in the CKY video series and the Viva La Bam and Jackass television series alongside his brother Bam.
Barghest
In Northern English folklore, the Barghest or Barguest is a mythical monstrous black dog with large teeth and claws; however, in other cases, the name can refer to a ghost or household elf, especially in Northumberland and Durham, such as the Cauld Lad of Hylton.

Black dog (folklore)
The black dog is a supernatural, spectral, or demonic hellhound originating from English folklore, and also present in folklore throughout Europe and the Americas. It is usually unnaturally large with glowing red or yellow eyes, is often connected with the Devil (as an English incarnation of the hellhound), and is sometimes an omen of death. It is sometimes associated with electrical storms (such as Black Shuck's appearance at Bungay, Suffolk), and also with crossroads, barrows (as a type of fairy hound), places of execution and ancient pathways.

Black dogs are generally regarded as sinister or malevolent, and a few (such as the Barghest and Shuck) are said to be directly harmful. Some black dogs, however, such as the Gurt Dog in Somerset, are said to behave benevolently as guardian black dogs, guiding travellers at night onto the right path or protecting them from danger. The black dog is a recognised folkloric motif.
Right conoid
In geometry, a right conoid is a ruled surface generated by a family of straight lines that all intersect perpendicularly to a fixed straight line, called the axis of the right conoid.

Using a Cartesian coordinate system in three-dimensional space, if we take the z-axis to be the axis of a right conoid, then the right conoid can be represented by the parametric equations:

where h(u) is some function for representing the height of the moving line.

Conoid
In geometry a conoid (from Greek  κωνος  'cone' and  -ειδης  'similar') is a ruled surface, whose rulings (lines) fulfill the additional conditions:

(1) All rulings are parallel to a plane, the directrix plane.

(2) All rulings intersect a fixed line, the axis.

The conoid is a right conoid if its axis is perpendicular to its directrix plane. Hence all rulings are perpendicular to the axis.

Because of (1) any conoid is a Catalan surface and can be represented parametrically by

Any curve x(u0,v) with fixed parameter u = u0 is a ruling, c(u) describes the directrix and the vectors r(u) are  all parallel to the directrix plane. The planarity of the vectors r(u) can be represented by

.

If the directrix is a circle, the conoid is called a circular conoid.

The term conoid was already used by Archimedes in his treatise On Conoids and Spheroides.
Kretschmann scalar
In the theory of Lorentzian manifolds, particularly in the context of applications to general relativity, the Kretschmann scalar is a quadratic scalar invariant.  It was introduced by Erich Kretschmann.

Curvature invariant (general relativity)
In general relativity,  curvature invariants are a set of scalars formed from the Riemann, Weyl and Ricci tensors – which represent curvature, hence the name – and possibly operations on them such as contraction, covariant differentiation and dualisation.

Certain invariants formed from these curvature tensors play an important role in classifying spacetimes. Invariants are actually less powerful for distinguishing locally non-isometric Lorentzian manifolds than they are for distinguishing Riemannian manifolds. This means that they are more limited in their applications than for manifolds endowed with a positive-definite metric tensor.
Women's Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League
The Women's Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (WMPBL) is a women's professional basketball league in the Philippines consisting of six teams. It serves as the women's counterpart of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL).

The league launched in November 2024 by boxing legend and former Senator Manny Pacquiao and is the fourth league to bear the Maharlika Pilipinas name. The WMPBL first began play as an amateur league in January 2025 with an invitational tournament. The league then turned pro in April, becoming the second women's basketball league in the country to do so, after the Women's National Basketball League. Its first pro season then began in June.

Women's National Basketball League (Philippines)
The Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) is a women's professional basketball league in the Philippines. It is the men's counterpart of the National Basketball League (NBL–Pilipinas), sharing the same organization.

It is one of two active women's professional basketball leagues in the country, the other being the Women's Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.
Vorbunker
The Vorbunker (upper bunker or forward bunker) was an underground concrete structure originally intended to be a temporary air-raid shelter for Adolf Hitler and his guards and servants. It was located behind the large reception hall that was added onto the old Reich Chancellery, in Berlin, Germany, in 1936. The bunker was officially called the "Reich Chancellery Air-Raid Shelter" until 1943, when the complex was expanded with the addition of the Führerbunker, located one level below. On 16 January 1945, Hitler moved into the Führerbunker. He was joined by his senior staff, including Martin Bormann. Later, Eva Braun and Joseph Goebbels moved into the Führerbunker while Magda Goebbels and their six children took residence in the upper Vorbunker. The Goebbels family lived in the Vorbunker until their deaths on 1 May 1945.

Reich Chancellery
The Reich Chancellery (German: Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945. The Chancellery's seat, selected and prepared since 1875, was the former city palace of Adolf Friedrich Count von der Schulenburg (1685–1741) and later Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1775–1833) on Wilhelmstraße in Berlin. Both the palace and a new Reich Chancellery building (completed in early 1939) were seriously damaged during World War II and subsequently demolished.

Today the office of the German chancellor is usually called Kanzleramt (Chancellor's Office), or more formally Bundeskanzleramt (Federal Chancellor's Office). The latter is also the name of the new seat of the Chancellor's Office, completed in 2001.
Halalta
In Mandaeism, halalta (Classical Mandaic: ࡄࡀࡋࡀࡋࡕࡀ) is sacramental rinsing water used in rituals such as the masiqta (death mass). It is different from mambuha, which is water used only for drinking but not rinsing.

During the Ṭabahata Masiqta, halalta is kept in bottles. Priests use the water to rinse their bowls and then drink all of it, since none of it can be spilled or wasted.

Mambuha
In Mandaeism, mambuha (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡌࡁࡅࡄࡀ, Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [mamˈbuha]), sometimes spelled mambuga (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡌࡁࡅࡂࡀ), is sacramental drinking water used in rituals such as the masbuta (baptism).

The mambuha can be served in a kapta (pronounced kafta), a shallow brass drinking bowl that is 11 inches or less in perimeter, or in a qanina (glass bottle).

Traditionally, mambuha is taken directly from the yardna (river, i.e. the Euphrates, Tigris, or Karun rivers), but the Mandaean diaspora often uses treated tap water.
Charles Galton Darwin
Sir Charles Galton Darwin KBE MC FRS (19 December 1887 – 31 December 1962) was an English physicist who served as director of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) during the Second World War. He was a son of the mathematician George Darwin and a grandson of Charles Darwin.

George Darwin
Sir George Howard Darwin (9 July 1845 – 7 December 1912) was an English barrister and astronomer, the second son and fifth child of Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin. He is known for the harmonic analysis of the theory of tides. The Darwin symbols for tides are named after him.
Columbia Records
Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Music Group, an American subsidiary of multinational conglomerate Sony. Founded on January 15, 1889, Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels, along with Epic Records, former longtime rival RCA Records, and Arista Records. RCA and Arista were originally owned by BMG until Sony's acquisition at the end of their merger in 2008.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.