hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feral parakeets in Great Britain
Feral parakeets in Great Britain are wild-living, non-native parakeets that are an introduced species into Great Britain. The population mainly consists of rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri), a non-migratory species of bird native to Africa and the Indian subcontinent, with a few, small breeding populations of monk parakeets, and other occasional escaped cage birds. The origins of these birds are subject of speculation, but they are generally thought to have bred from birds that escaped from captivity or were released.

The British rose-ringed parakeet or ringneck parrot population is mostly concentrated in suburban areas of London and the Home Counties of South-East England. The parakeets breed rapidly and have spread beyond these areas; flocks have been sighted in other parts of Britain. Separate feral rose-ringed parakeet populations exist in and around other European cities.

Feral parrot
A feral parrot is a parrot that has adapted to life in an ecosystem to which it is not native. The birds are often descended from pets that have escaped or been deliberately released. Many species of parrots are highly social, and like to gather in large flocks. Not all feral parrots are able to adapt to life outside of captivity, although having a pre-existing nearby parrot colony can assist with the adaptation process.

Feral parrots may become invasive species that affect native biodiversity, human economy and wellness. They are present in many countries worldwide.
Tissue paper
Tissue paper, or simply tissue, is a lightweight paper or light crêpe paper. Tissue can be made from recycled paper pulp on a paper machine.

Tissue paper is very versatile, and different kinds are made to best serve these purposes, which are hygienic tissue paper, facial tissues, paper towels, as packing material, among other (sometimes creative) uses.

The use of tissue paper is common in developed nations, around 21 million tonnes in North America and 6 million in Europe, and is growing due to urbanization. As a result, the industry has often been scrutinized for deforestation. However, more companies are presently using more recycled fibres in tissue paper.

Crêpe paper
Crêpe paper is thin, textured, and often colorful decorative paper used in paper craft. It is created through the crêping process, which gathers in the paper and gives it crinkly texture like that of crêpe. Crêpe paper and tissue are among the lightest papers and are normally below 35 g/m2. Crêpe paper has various applications, many of which are decorative.
2018 New Democratic Party of Quebec leadership election
The New Democratic Party of Quebec (2014) elected a permanent leader on January 21, 2018 to lead it into the 2018 provincial election. Interim leader Pierre Ducasse announced he would not be a candidate in the leadership election.

New Democratic Party of Quebec (2014)
The New Democratic Party of Quebec (NDPQ; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec, NPDQ) was a minor federalist and social-democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The party was a revival of the comparable New Democratic Party of Quebec, which existed in various forms as the federal New Democratic Party (NDP)'s provincial section in Quebec from 1963 to 1991. This party, however, was never connected with the federal NDP. The modern party was registered on 30 January 2014. The party announced that it would dissolve at the end of 2024, after a decision taken by its members at a special meeting on 6 November.
Break of gauge
With railways, a break of gauge occurs where a line of one track gauge (the distance between the rails, or between the wheels of trains designed to run on those rails) meets a line of a different gauge. Trains and rolling stock generally cannot run through without some form of conversion between gauges, leading to passengers having to change trains, and freight having to be transloaded or transshipped. That can cause delays, added costs, and inconvenience to those travelling on affected routes.

Bogie exchange
Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the track gauge.  To perform a bogie exchange, a car is converted from one gauge to another by removing the bogies or trucks (the chassis containing the wheels and axles of the car), and installing a new bogie with differently spaced wheels.  It is generally limited to wagons and carriages, though the bogies on diesel locomotives can be exchanged if enough time is available.

The term can also refer to  the rebuilding of rolling-stock for permanent use on another gauge, e.g. the Little Joe electric locomotives intended for the Soviet Union (Russian gauge) which were rebuilt for use in the United States, or the New Zealand British Rail Mark 2 carriage  rebuilt for use on the NZR Cape gauge.
Ferrimagnetism
A ferrimagnetic material is a material that has populations of atoms with opposing magnetic moments, as in antiferromagnetism, but these moments are unequal in magnitude, so a spontaneous magnetization remains. This can, for example, occur when the populations consist of different atoms or ions (such as Fe2+ and Fe3+).

Like ferromagnetic substances, ferrimagnetic substances are attracted by magnets and can be magnetized to make permanent magnets.  The oldest known magnetic substance, magnetite (Fe3O4), is ferrimagnetic, but was classified as a ferromagnet before Louis Néel discovered ferrimagnetism in 1948. Since the discovery, numerous uses have been found for ferrimagnetic materials, such as hard-drive platters and biomedical applications.

When the material is amorphous, it is sperimagnetic.

Antiferromagnetism
Antiferromagnetism is a type of magnetic ordering, just like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism. In antiferromagnets the individual magnetic dipoles are oriented in a way such that the bulk of the material has a vanishing total magnetization. In the simplest model, as shown in the picture on the right, neighboring moments in an ordered lattice are oriented antiparallel to one another. Since there are multiple ways of arranging magnetic moments on a lattice (especially in three dimensions), there exist various types of antiferromagnetic ordering. The phenomenon of antiferromagnetism was first introduced by Lev Landau in 1933.

Generally, antiferromagnetic order may exist at sufficiently low temperatures, but vanishes at and above the Néel temperature – named after Louis Néel, who had first identified this type of magnetic ordering. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic.
John Zimmerman (figure skater)
John Luther Zimmerman IV (born November 26, 1973) is an American professional pair skater and coach. With skating partner Kyoko Ina, he is the 2002 World bronze medalist and a three-time U.S. national champion. They also competed at the 2002 Olympics. Zimmerman was suspended by the United States Center for SafeSport in March 2021 for a two-year period.

Kyoko Ina
Kyoko Ina (伊奈 恭子, Ina Kyōko; born October 11, 1972) is an American figure skater. With partner John Zimmerman, she is the 2002 World bronze medalist and a three-time (2000–2002) U.S. national champion. The pair also competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics. With previous partner Jason Dungjen, Ina was a two-time (1997 & 1998) U.S. champion and competed at the 1994 and 1998 Olympics.
1971 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1971 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the 42nd edition, was played on Tuesday, July 13. The all-stars from the American League and the National League faced each other at Tiger Stadium, home of the Detroit Tigers, and the home team AL won 6–4.

This was the third time that the Tigers had hosted the All-Star Game (1941, 1951); the same venue was previously known as Briggs Stadium.  It was the second All-Star Game played at night, the first in prime-time in an American League park, and the last in Tiger Stadium. When the event returned to Detroit 34 years later in 2005, it was at Comerica Park, the Tigers' home since 2000.

It was the American League's first win since the second game of 1962, and was their last until 1983.  Over the twenty game stretch from 1963–1982, the AL was 1–19 (.050), the worst run for either league in the history of the exhibition.

1971 Detroit Tigers season
The 1971 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 71st season and the 60th season at Tiger Stadium. The Tigers finished in second place in the American League East with a 91–71 record, 12 games behind the Orioles. They outscored their opponents 701 to 645.  They drew 1,591,073 fans to Tiger Stadium, the second highest attendance in the American League.
Kamakhya–Gaya Weekly Express
Gaya–Kamakhya Weekly Express is an Express train of the Indian Railways connecting Gaya Junction in Bihar and  Kamakhya Junction in Assam. It is currently being operated with 15619/15620 train numbers on once in week basis.

Gaya Junction railway station
Gayaji Junction railway station is a junction station serving the city of Gayaji, the headquarters of Gayaji district and Magadh Division in the Indian state of Bihar. Gaya is in the Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya railway division of the East Central Railway zone. Grand Chord rail-line that connects Howrah and New Delhi passes through Gaya. It lies between Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction on the Delhi side and Dhanbad Junction on the Howrah side. It is located at 24°48′13″N 84°59′57″E﻿ / ﻿24.80361°N 84.99917°E﻿ / 24.80361; 84.99917. It has an elevation of 117 metres (384 ft). Gaya is connected with most of the states through rail network.

There are also two other broad-gauge train lines from Gayaji, one to Patna and the other to Kiul Junction. The city has two major railway stations: Gaya Junction & Manpur Junction. Gaya is well connected with Patna, Jehanabad, Biharsharif, Rajgir, Islampur, Nawada, Dehri on sone through daily passenger and express train services.
North Branch Reformed Church
The North Branch Reformed Church is a historic church located on the eastern side of the North Branch of the Raritan River in North Branch, New Jersey at 203 New Jersey Route 28.  It was formed by expansion from the Readington Reformed Church. The church was organized on September 10, 1825. The first church was built in 1826 and later rebuilt in 1874. The Church plans to celebrate its bicentennial anniversary in 2025. The current Pastor is Pastor Amy Nyland

The North Branch Reformed Church Cemetery is located nearby on the western side of the North Branch along Vanderveer Avenue. It is on the old farm of the Ten Eyck family, where about one acre was sold to the church c. 1830.

Readington Reformed Church
The Readington Reformed Church is a historic church located at 124 Readington Road, Readington Village, an unincorporated community located within Readington Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey. It was known in colonial times as the Dutch Reformed Church of North Branch. It is the oldest Dutch Reformed Church in the county. The current building was built in 1865. The churchyard is known as the Readington Reformed Church Cemetery. The church was added as a contributing property of the Readington Village Historic District by the National Register of Historic Places on June 24, 1991.
Massacres of Mousiotitsa
The Massacres of Mousiotitsa (Greek: Οι σφαγές της Μουσιωτίτσας; German: Massaker von Mousiotitsa) refer to Nazi war crimes perpetrated in the summer of 1943 by soldiers of the 1st Mountain Division in the village of Mousiotitsa, Greece, during its occupation by the Axis in World War II. Mousiotitsa endured two assaults by the same German unit, separated by a one-month period. The first took place on 25 July and the second on 27 August 1943.

1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)
The 1st Mountain Division (German: 1. Gebirgs-Division) was an elite formation of the German Wehrmacht during World War II, and is remembered for its involvement in multiple large-scale war crimes.
It was created on 9 April 1938 in Garmisch Partenkirchen from the Mountain Brigade (German: Gebirgs Brigade) which was itself formed on 1 June 1935.
P. J. Patterson
Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, OCC, KC (born 10 April 1935), popularly known as P.J. Patterson, is a Jamaican former politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. He served in office for 14 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Jamaica's history. He was the leader of the People's National Party from 1992 to 2006.

Patterson served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Westmoreland South Eastern from 1970 to 1980 (when he lost to Euphemia Williams of the Jamaica Labour Party) and again from 1989 to 1993. Following a constituency reorganization, he served as the MP for Westmoreland Eastern from 1993 to 2006. He retired from all of these positions in January 2006.

Cabinet positions he held during his political career include Minister of Industry and Tourism; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade; Minister of Development, Planning and Production; Minister of Finance and Planning.

Minister of Finance and the Public Service
The Minister of Finance and the Public Service is Jamaica's chief financial official in charge of formulating both monetary and financial policies.  He works alongside the Bank of Jamaica and its Governor.

It is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.
Syu
Syu (Japanese: シュウ, Hepburn: Shū) is a Japanese musician, best known as the leader and guitarist of the power metal band Galneryus. He also performs guitar and lead vocals in Spinalcord (formerly known as Aushvitz) and was formerly a member of Animetal. Under his own name, Syu has released one studio album, one cover album and one instrumental album, each featuring collaborations with many guest musicians. He was voted the Best Guitarist in online music magazine Beeast's music awards four years in a row, from 2015 to 2018. In 2018, readers and professional musicians voted Syu the fourth best guitarist in the history of hard rock and heavy metal in We Rock magazine's "Metal General Election". His work on Galneryus' song "Emotions" was named the 73rd best guitar instrumental by Young Guitar Magazine in 2019.

Galneryus
Galneryus (Japanese: ガルネリウス, Hepburn: Garuneriusu; stylized as GALNERYUS) is a Japanese power metal band, formed in Osaka in 2001 by guitarist Syu and vocalist Yama-B. Originally the only official members, the two utilized several support musicians until bassist Tsui, keyboardist Yuhki, and drummer Jun-ichi officially joined for the release of their debut album in 2003. Yama-B left the group in 2008 citing musical differences, and Yu-To, who replaced Tsui in 2006, left the following year. Galneryus recruited Sho on vocals and Taka on bass, and released the album Resurrection in 2010. Jun-ichi left in 2016, and the following year the band released their highest-charting studio album, Ultimate Sacrifice, which reached number 13. In 2017, Loudwire named Galneryus one of the 10 Best Japanese Metal Bands.
Kalanga language
Kalanga, or TjiKalanga (in Zimbabwe), is a Bantu language spoken by the Kalanga people in Botswana and Zimbabwe which belongs to the Shonic (Shona-Nyai) branch of the Bantu languages, within the Niger-Congo languages. It has an extensive phoneme inventory, which includes palatalised, velarised, aspirated and breathy-voiced consonants, as well as whistled sibilants.

Kalanga is recognized as an official language by the Zimbabwean Constitution of 2013 and is taught in schools in areas where its speakers predominate. The iKalanga language is closely related to the Nambya, TshiVenda, and KheLobedu languages of Zimbabwe and South Africa.

Kalanga people
The Kalanga or BaKalanga are a southern Bantu ethnic group mainly inhabiting Matebeleland in Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, and parts of the Limpopo Province in South Africa.

The BaKalanga of Botswana are the second largest ethnic group in the country, and their Kalanga language being the second most spoken in the country (most prevalent in the North). The TjiKalanga language of Zimbabwe is the third most spoken language in the country, however, being recognized as a Western Shona branch of the Shona group of languages. It is likewise used in mass media.
Alive 1997
Alive 1997 is the first live album by French electronic music duo Daft Punk, released on 1 October 2001 by Virgin Records. It contains a 45-minute excerpt of a live performance recorded during Daftendirektour at Birmingham's Que Club on 8 November 1997. It was later followed by Alive 2007.

The album was generally positively received by critics. Alive 1997 peaked at number 25 on the French Albums Chart.

Alive 2007
Alive 2007 is the second live album by the French electronic music duo Daft Punk, released on 19 November 2007 by Virgin Records. It features Daft Punk's performance at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy arena in Paris on 14 June 2007 during their Alive tour. The set features an assortment of Daft Punk's music, incorporated with synthesisers, mixers and live effects.

The retail release of Alive 2007 in North America was delayed to 4 December 2007 due to production problems. It was released as a download on 20 November 2007, and was released in the United Kingdom on 25 February 2008. A performance of "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" was released as a single. The album won a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album in 2009.
Bashmur
Bashmur (Arabic: الباشمور, Egyptian Arabic: [elbɑʃˈmuːɾ]) was a region in the Nile Delta in Egypt. In the early Middle Ages, it was inhabited by Copts (Egyptians) and was the scene of a series of revolts against Arab occupation in the 8th and 9th centuries.

Bashmurian revolts
The Bashmurian revolts (Coptic: Ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ Ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϣⲁⲙⲏⲣ; Arabic: ثورة البشموريين) were a series of revolts by the Copts in the Bashmur region in the north of the Nile Delta against the Umayyad Caliphate and Abbasid Caliphate in the eighth and ninth centuries. Exactly how many revolts took place cannot be determined, but the major military conflicts took place in 749, 767 and 831–832.

The Bashmurian revolts are known from Coptic and Arabic sources. They did not become known in Europe until the early nineteenth century.
Charlemagne building
The Charlemagne building is a high-rise in the European Quarter of Brussels, Belgium, which houses the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, the Directorate-General for Trade, and since 2015, the Internal Audit Service of the Commission. It is named after Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne.

The building has 3 wings and 15 floors. It is located at 170, rue de la Loi/Wetstraat, in the City of Brussels, one of the 19 municipalities forming the Brussels-Capital Region. The postal code for the municipality is 1000, but the postal code for the European Commission is 1049.

Brussels and the European Union
Brussels (Belgium) is considered the de facto capital of the European Union, having a long history of hosting a number of principal EU institutions within its European Quarter. The EU has no official capital but Brussels hosts the official seats of the European Commission, Council of the European Union, and European Council, as well as a seat (officially the second seat) of the European Parliament. In 2013, this presence generated about €250 million (8.3% of the regional GDP) and 121,000 jobs (16.7% of the regional employment). The main rationale for Brussels being chosen as "capital of the European Union" was its halfway location between France, Germany and the United Kingdom, the three countries whose rivalry played a role in starting the two world wars and whose reconciliation paved the way for European integration.
Foreign exchange hedge
A foreign exchange hedge (also called a FOREX hedge) is a method used by companies to eliminate or "hedge" their foreign exchange risk resulting from transactions in foreign currencies (see foreign exchange derivative). This is done using either the cash flow hedge or the fair value method. The accounting rules for this are addressed by both the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and by the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) as well as other national accounting standards.

A foreign exchange hedge transfers the foreign exchange risk from the trading or investing company to a business that carries the risk, such as a bank. There is a cost to the company for setting up a hedge. By setting up a hedge, the company also forgoes any profit if the movement in the exchange rate would be favourable to it.

Hedge (finance)
A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts, swaps, options, gambles, many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts.

Public futures markets were established in the 19th century to allow transparent, standardized, and efficient hedging of agricultural commodity prices; they have since expanded to include futures contracts for hedging the values of energy, precious metals, foreign currency, and interest rate fluctuations.
Narmer
Narmer (Ancient Egyptian: nꜥr-mr, may mean "painful catfish", "stinging catfish", "harsh catfish", or "fierce catfish"; fl. c. 3100 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king of the Early Dynastic Period, whose reign began at the end of the 4th millennium BC. He is believed to have been the successor to the Protodynastic king Ka. Many scholars consider him the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty, and in turn the first king of a unified Egypt. He also had a prominently noticeable presence in Canaan, compared to his predecessors and successors. Neithhotep is thought to be his queen consort or his daughter.

A majority of Egyptologists believe that Narmer was the same person as Menes.

Neithhotep
Neithhotep or Neith-hotep (fl. c. 3050 BC) was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived and ruled during the early First Dynasty. Archeological evidence may indicate that she may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right, and as such would have been the earliest known female monarch in history. She was subsequently considered to be the wife of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer, and the mother of Hor-Aha. She was once wrongfully thought to be a male ruler: her outstandingly large mastaba and the royal serekh surrounding her name on several seal impressions previously led Egyptologists and historians to the erroneous belief that she might have been an unknown king. As the understanding of early Egyptian writings developed, scholars learned that Neithhotep was in fact a woman of extraordinary rank.
John Cockerill (industrialist)
John Cockerill (3 August 1790 – 9 June 1840) was an English-born industrialist who became a prominent businessman in Belgium. Born at Haslingden, Lancashire, England, he was brought by his father (British entrepreneur William Cockerill) to the Liège region, where he continued the family tradition of building wool-processing machinery. He founded an ironworks named John Cockerill & Cie. (English: John Cockerill & Company).

William Cockerill
William Cockerill (1759–1832) was an English inventor, entrepreneur, and industrialist. Designing and producing machines for new industrial textile manufacturing, he is best known for having established a major manufacturing firm in what is now Liège Province of modern-day Belgium. He is widely considered to have been instrumental in spreading the Industrial Revolution in Continental Europe.