hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
B1 Preliminary
B1 Preliminary, previously known as Cambridge English: Preliminary and the Preliminary English Test (PET), is an English language examination provided by Cambridge Assessment English, one of the examinations in the Cambridge English Qualifications.

B1 Preliminary is an intermediate-level qualification and is designed for learners who have mastered the basic of English and now have practical language skills for everyday use. It is targeted at Level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).

B1 Preliminary is offered in two versions: B1 Preliminary for Schools, for school-aged learners, and B1 Preliminary, for general and higher education adult learners.

Cambridge English Qualifications
Cambridge English Qualifications are a graduated series of exams designed to assess competency in English for learners of English as a second or foreign language. The Cambridge English Qualifications are based on the candidate's scoring on the Cambridge English Scale which is a single range of scores used to report results for Cambridge English Language Assessment exams. It was introduced in January 2015, with Cambridge English Scale scores replacing the standardised score and candidate profile used for exams taken pre-2015. The scale aims to provide exam users with more detailed information about their exam performance than was previously available.

Each of the qualifications is also aligned with a level of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). Cambridge English Qualifications are set and administered by Cambridge Assessment English (previously known as Cambridge English Language Assessment and the University of Cambridge ESOL examination).
Serviço de Informações Estratégicas de Defesa
The Serviço de Informações Estratégicas de Defesa or SIED (Portuguese for: Defense Strategic Information Service) is the foreign strategic intelligence agency of Portugal.

SIED's mission is to produce information aimed at safeguarding the national independence, the national interests and the external security of the Portuguese State.

Together with the SIS (Portugueses domestic intelligence agency), the SIED is a component of the SIRP (Portuguese Intelligence System).

Sistema de Informações da República Portuguesa
The Sistema de Informações da República Portuguesa (SIRP, Portuguese for "Informations System of the Portuguese Republic") is the coordinating structure of Portuguese intelligence.

It is the parent body for two separate intelligence agencies: the Serviço de Informações de Segurança (SIS, Security Intelligence Service) for the internal security intelligence and the Serviço de Informações Estratégicas de Defesa (SIED, Defense and Strategic Informations Service) for foreign intelligence.

The SIS and the SIED are the public services responsible for ensuring—within the Constitution and the law—the production of intelligence necessary to safeguard national independence internal security.
Sunwing Airlines
Sunwing Airlines Inc, d/b/a Sunwing, was a Canadian low-cost airline headquartered in Toronto, Ontario with its main bases at Montréal–Trudeau International Airport and Toronto Pearson International Airport. Originally owned by Sunwing Travel Group, from 2023 onwards it was a subsidiary of WestJet, with which it merged on May 28, 2025.

Sunwing Vacations Group
Sunwing Vacations Group, formerly known as Sunwing Travel Group, headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, became a subsidiary of the WestJet Group on May 1, 2023. Today, it operates as the leisure division of the WestJet Group; according to its website, the group forms "the largest vacations brand in North America."

Following the acquisition, Sunwing Vacations Group operates the following entities:

Canadian leisure tour operators: Sunwing Vacations WestJet Vacations and WestJet Vacations Quebec.

Expanding US presence: Vacation Express, catering to American travelers.

Travel retail businesses: SellOffVacations.com and Luxe Destination Weddings.
Florida State Road 684
State Road 684 (SR 684) is a state road located in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The road runs from an intersection with SR 789 in Bradenton Beach east to U.S. Route 41 (US 41) and unsigned SR 55 in South Bradenton. SR 684 is known as Cortez Road its entire length and varies from a two-lane road between Bradenton Beach and Cortez to a four- to six-lane road east of Cortez. The easternmost portion of SR 684 is concurrent with US 41 and is unsigned.

Florida State Road 789
State Road 789 (SR 789) is a 17.5-mile-long road along the Florida’s Gulf Coast that spans Bird Key, St. Armands Key, and Lido Key, in Sarasota; Longboat Key (as Gulf of Mexico Drive); and Anna Maria Island.  The southern terminus is the intersection of the John Ringling Causeway and Tamiami Trail (US 41-SR 45) in Sarasota; the northern terminus is the intersection of Gulf Drive, North and Manatee Avenue., West (SR 64) in Holmes Beach. Much of the northernmost five miles (8 km) has been designated Bradenton Beach Scenic Highway.

Additional sights along SR 789 include Ken Thompson Park (featuring Mote Aquarium on City Island), and the scenery of Gulf of Mexico Drive as it travels the length of Longboat Key.
Hertfordshire Presidents' Tankard
The Hertfordshire Presidents' Tankard is an annual rugby union knock-out club competition organized by the Hertfordshire Rugby Football Union.  It was first introduced during the 2010–11 season, with the inaugural winners being St Albans.  It is the second most important rugby union cup competition in Hertfordshire, behind the Hertfordshire Presidents' Cup but ahead of the Hertfordshire Presidents' Trophy.

The Presidents' Tankard is currently open to the first teams of club sides based in Hertfordshire that play in tier 7 (London 2 North West) and tier 8 (London 3 North West) of the English rugby union league system.  The format is a knockout cup with a preliminary round, first round, semi-finals and a final to be held at Allianz Park (Saracen's home ground) in April–May, on the same date and same venue as the Cup and Trophy finals.

Hertfordshire Rugby Football Union
The Hertfordshire Rugby Football Union is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in the county of Hertfordshire in England. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Hertfordshire, and administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the county.  It also administers the Hertfordshire county rugby representative teams.
Oliver P. Echols
Oliver Patton Echols (March 4, 1892 – May 15, 1954) was an American military officer who brought success in World War II to the United States Army Air Forces by expanding the inventory of America's air arm to meet the needs of the coming war. More than any other man under Chief of the Army Air Forces, General Henry H. Arnold, Echols was responsible for the development, procurement and supply of aircraft and aeronautical equipment. Fighter projects officer Benjamin S. Kelsey, directly subordinate to Echols from 1934 to 1945, called him "The Man Who Won World War II."

Benjamin S. Kelsey
Benjamin Scovill Kelsey (March 9, 1906 – March 3, 1981) was an American aeronautical engineer and test pilot. Serving as America's chief fighter projects officer, he helped bring success in World War II to the United States Army Air Forces by initiating the manufacture of innovative fighter aircraft designs, and by working to quickly increase American fighter production to meet the needs of the coming war.

Kelsey co-authored the technical specifications which led to the development of the P-39 Airacobra and the P-38 Lightning. He worked around Air Corps strictures to initiate the development of drop tanks for American fighters. Kelsey was the driving force behind a program of advanced airfoil research which eventually resulted in the P-51 Mustang.

After the war, Kelsey served in various staff assignments supervising weather operations, personnel and materiel. He was an important committee member of the group that approved and funded the rocket-powered North American X-15.
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล) is the oldest and largest medical school and the oldest of any kind of university faculty in Thailand. The faculty is now part of Mahidol University. Founded in 1889, the faculty was run in co-operation with Siriraj Hospital, the first public hospital in Thailand, which provides students with clinical experience. The faculty's campus and hospital is in the Bangkok Noi District, Bangkok, on the former Rear Palace. The medical school accepts about 250 students for undergraduate education and more than 100 to postgraduate studies each year.

Siriraj Hospital
Siriraj Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลศิริราช; RTGS: Rong Phayaban Siriraj) is the oldest and largest public hospital in Bangkok, Thailand on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, opposite Thammasat University's Tha Phrachan campus. It is the primary teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University at Bangkok.
Kuniwo Nakamura
Kuniwo Nakamura (中村國雄, Nakamura Kunio; 24 November 1943 – 14 October 2020) was a Palauan politician who served as the president of Palau from 1993 to 2001. He had earlier served as vice president of Palau from 1989 to 1993, under Ngiratkel Etpison.

Ngiratkel Etpison
Ngiratkel Etpison (3 May 1924 – 1 August 1997) was a politician and businessman from Palau. Etpison was elected President in 1988 and served from 1989 until 1993, becoming the country’s first elected president to serve a full term in office.
American Mining and Stock Exchange
The American Mining and Stock Exchange was a commodities and stock exchange in New York City. In 1877 it absorbed the competing New-York Open Gold and Stock Exchange. The New York Mining Stock Exchange absorbed the members of the American Mining and Stock Exchange, which had been operating for around fifteen months, on July 26, 1877.

Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York
The Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York, also known as the New York Consolidated Stock Exchange or Consolidated, was a stock exchange in New York City, New York, in direct competition to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) from 1885 to 1926. It was formed from the merger of other smaller exchanges, and was referred to in the industry and press as the "Little Board."  By its official formation in 1885, its membership of 2403 was considered the second largest membership of any exchange in the United States.
Lotte Lenya
Lotte Lenya (born Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamauer; 18 October 1898 – 27 November 1981) was an Austrian-American singer, diseuse, and actress, long based in the United States. In the German-speaking and classical music world, she is best remembered for her performances of the songs of her first husband, Kurt Weill. In English-language cinema, she was nominated for an Academy Award for her role as a jaded aristocrat in The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961). She also played the murderous and sadistic Rosa Klebb in the James Bond movie From Russia with Love (1963).

Kurt Weill
Kurt Julian Weill (/waɪl/; German: [vaɪl]; March 2, 1900 – April 3, 1950) was a German-born American composer active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht. With Brecht, he wrote his best-known work, The Threepenny Opera, which includes the ballad "Mack the Knife". Weill held the ideal of writing music that served a socially useful purpose, Gebrauchsmusik. He also wrote several works for the concert hall and a number of works on Jewish themes. He fled Nazi Germany in 1933, arriving in the United States two years later. Settling in New York, he made a substantial contribution to American musical theater through works such as Lady in the Dark and Street Scene.
KIQI
KIQI (1010 AM) is a commercial radio station in San Francisco, California. It is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting and airs a Spanish-language talk radio format.  KIQI 1010 AM is simulcast on KATD 990 AM in the Sacramento Valley. Most shows are paid brokered programming where the hosts purchase time on the station and may advertise their companies and services.  KIQI and KATD carry Oakland Athletics baseball games in Spanish.  The station's studios and offices are located near the Civic Center in San Francisco.

1010 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency, on which CFRB Toronto and CBR Calgary are the Class A dominant stations.  KIQI broadcasts at 10,000 watts but must use a directional antenna at all times to protect those and other stations on 1010 AM.  The transmitter is at the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge toll plaza in Oakland.

KATD
KATD (990 AM) is a radio station that rebroadcasts San Francisco station KIQI. Licensed to Pittsburg, California, the station serves the Sacramento Valley.  The station is currently owned by Multicultural Broadcasting. KATD is partnered with the Oakland Athletics and broadcasts night and weekend home games.

990 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency.  KATD protects the nighttime signal of CBW in Winnipeg by reducing power and using a signal nulled to the northeast.  CBW and CBY are the Class A stations on 990 kHz.
Diocese of Juneau
The Diocese of Juneau (Latin: Dioecesis Junellensis) was a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the southeastern part of the state of Alaska. It was led by the bishop who served as pastor of the mother church, Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Juneau. The diocese of Juneau was a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Anchorage.

On May 19, 2020, the Diocese of Juneau was merged with the Archdiocese of Anchorage, which was renamed the Archdiocese of Anchorage-Juneau, and Bishop Andrew Bellisario was elevated to Archbishop.

Co-Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Juneau, Alaska)
The Co-Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was until 2020 the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Juneau and is currently a cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Anchorage-Juneau. The cathedral is located at 416 Fifth Street in Juneau, Alaska. The cathedral may be the smallest in North America.
Holiday in the Park
Holiday in the Park (known as Christmas in the Park at Six Flags México) is a Christmas event that takes place at several legacy Six Flags parks. The event features decorative Christmas lights along with live entertainment. It runs from November to January, following the Halloween event Fright Fest in October.

First introduced at Six Flags Over Texas in 1985, the event currently runs at five legacy Six Flags parks as of 2025. At its peak, it had ran at 13 parks simultaneously before eight of the parks had removed their events in the 2020s.

Six Flags Fright Fest
Fright Fest (also known as Festival Del Terror at Six Flags México) is a Halloween-oriented haunt event held annually at legacy Six Flags theme parks in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It mainly features haunted attractions, themed areas named Scare Zones, and live entertainment.

It opened as Fright Nights at Six Flags AstroWorld in 1986. In 2020, Fright Fest was reimagined to Hallowfest, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
American red squirrel
The American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) is one of three species of tree squirrels currently classified in the genus Tamiasciurus, known as the pine squirrels (the others are the Douglas squirrel, T. douglasii, and the southwestern red squirrel, T. fremonti). The American red squirrel is variously known as the pine squirrel or piney squirrel, North American red squirrel, chickaree, boomer, or simply red squirrel. The squirrel is a small, 200–250 g (7.1–8.8 oz), diurnal mammal that defends a year-round exclusive territory. It feeds primarily on the seeds of conifer cones, and is widely distributed across much of the United States and Canada wherever conifers are common, except in the southwestern United States, where it is replaced by the formerly conspecific southwestern red squirrel, and along the Pacific coast of the United States, where its cousin the Douglas squirrel is found instead.

The squirrel has been expanding its range into hardwood forests.

Douglas squirrel
The Douglas squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii) is a pine squirrel found in western North America, from the Pacific Northwest (including the northwestern coastal states of the United States as well as the southwestern coast of British Columbia in Canada) to central California, with an isolated subspecies in northern Baja California, Mexico. It is sometimes known as the chickaree or pine squirrel, although these names are also used for the American red squirrel.  Variant spellings of the common name are Douglas' squirrel and  Douglas's squirrel. The Native Americans of Kings River called it the "Pillillooeet", in imitation of its characteristic alarm call.
Pirlindole
Pirlindole, sold under the brand names Lifril and Pyrazidol, is mainly a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) and secondly a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) which was developed and is used in Russia as an antidepressant. It is structurally and pharmacologically related to metralindole.

Metralindole
Metralindole (Inkazan) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) which was investigated in Russia as a potential antidepressant.  It is structurally and pharmacologically related to pirlindole.
George Nidever
George Nidever (also spelled Nidiver; December 20, 1802 – March 24, 1883) was an American mountain man, explorer, fur trapper, memoirist and sailor. In the 1830s he became one of the first wave of American settlers to move to Mexican California, where he made his living in fur trapping. In 1853 he led the expedition that rescued Juana Maria, the last member of the Nicoleño people, from San Nicolas Island where she had been living alone for eighteen years. Toward the end of his life Nidever wrote a memoir, Life and Adventures of George Nidever, which was popular at the end of the 19th century.

Juana Maria
Juana Maria (died October 19, 1853), better known to history as the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island (her birth name is unknown), was the last surviving member of her tribe, the Nicoleño. She lived alone on San Nicolas Island off the coast of Alta California from 1835 until her removal from the island in 1853. Scott O'Dell's award-winning children's novel Island of the Blue Dolphins (1960) was inspired by her story. She was the last native speaker of the Nicoleño language.
Lucas critique
The Lucas critique argues that it is naive to try to predict the effects of a change in economic policy entirely on the basis of relationships observed in historical data, especially highly aggregated historical data. More formally, it states that the decision rules of Keynesian models—such as the consumption function—cannot be considered as structural in the sense of being invariant with respect to changes in government policy variables. It was named after American economist Robert Lucas's work on macroeconomic policymaking.

The Lucas critique is significant in the history of economic thought as a representative of the paradigm shift that occurred in macroeconomic theory in the 1970s towards attempts at establishing micro-foundations.

Microfoundations
Microfoundations are an effort to understand macroeconomic phenomena in terms of individual agents' economic behavior and interactions. Research in microfoundations explores the link between macroeconomic and microeconomic principles in order to explore the aggregate relationships in macroeconomic models.

During recent decades, macroeconomists have attempted to combine microeconomic models of individual behaviour to derive the relationships between macroeconomic variables. Presently, many macroeconomic models, representing different theories, are derived by aggregating microeconomic models, allowing economists to test them with both macroeconomic and microeconomic data. However, microfoundations research is still heavily debated with management, strategy and organization scholars having varying views on the "micro-macro" link. The study of microfoundations is gaining popularity even outside the field of economics, recent development includes operation management and project studies.
Fallen London
Fallen London, originally Echo Bazaar, is a browser-based interactive narrative game developed by Failbetter Games and set in "Fallen London", an alternative Victorian London with gothic overtones. The franchise subsequently expanded to other games, including Sunless Sea, its sequel Sunless Skies and the visual novel Mask of the Rose.

The game has been running continuously since October 2009. In June 2018, the website received a major graphical update, with a page redesign as well as better scaling across devices and HTTPS integration.

Sunless Skies
Sunless Skies is a role-playing video game developed by Failbetter Games. Partially funded by a Kickstarter campaign, the game entered early access in 2017 and released in January 2019, and has been described as a "Gothic horror roleplay game". Sunless Skies is a direct sequel to 2015's Sunless Sea and incorporates similar elements and setting.
Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Fayette County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, adjacent to Maryland and West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 128,804. Its county seat is Uniontown. The county was created on September 26, 1783, from part of Westmoreland County and named after the Marquis de Lafayette. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Fayette County is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The southern border of Fayette County is the southern border of Pennsylvania at both the Pennsylvania–Maryland state line (the Mason–Dixon line) and the Pennsylvania–West Virginia state line.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
Shanghai–Hangzhou railway
The Shanghai–Hangzhou railway, also known as the Huhang railway, is a double-track railroad in eastern China between Shanghai and Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province. Its Chinese name derives from the character abbreviations Hu (from Shanghai's former status as a fishing village) and Hang (from an old Yue placename). The line is 200 km (124 mi) long and was originally built from 1906 to 1909. Cities along the route include Shanghai, Jiaxing and Hangzhou. The line now forms part of the Shanghai–Kunming railway.

Shanghai–Kunming railway
The Shanghai–Kunming Railway or Hukun Railway (simplified Chinese: 沪昆铁路; traditional Chinese: 滬昆鐵路; pinyin: hùkūn tiělù), also known as the Hukun Line, is a major arterial railroad across eastern, south central and southwest China. It connects Shanghai, whose shorthand name is Hu, and Kunming. The line has a total length of 2,690 km (1,670 mi) and passes through Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan Province. Major cities along route include Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Yiwu, Jinhua, Shangrao, Yingtan, Pingxiang, Zhuzhou, Huaihua, Kaili, Guiyang, Anshun, Qujing, and Kunming.