hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Limescale
Limescale is a hard, chalky deposit, consisting mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It often builds up inside kettles, boilers, and pipework, especially those used for hot water. It is also often found as a similar deposit on the inner surfaces of old pipes and other surfaces where hard water has flowed. Limescale also forms as travertine or tufa in hard water springs.

The colour varies from off-white through a range of greys and pink or reddish browns, depending on the other minerals present. Iron compounds give the reddish-browns.

In addition to being unsightly and hard to clean, limescale can seriously damage or impair the operation of various plumbing and heating components. Descaling agents are commonly used to remove limescale. Prevention of fouling by scale build-up relies on the technologies of water softening or other water treatment.

Limescale can also affect optic products, such as glasses and mirrors.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Hole Runestone
The Hole Runestone is a runestone reconstructed from fragments found at a grave site in Hole in Norway. These pieces include Hole 2 (also referred to as the Svingerud stone). Radiocarbon dating from the graves in which some of the fragments were found dates the runestone to between 50 BCE and 275 CE, during the Roman Iron Age, making it the oldest datable runestone known in the world, and among the oldest known runic inscriptions.

The discovery is additionally notable for the content of its inscriptions in Proto-Norse (a northern development of Proto-Germanic). These include a probable female name, the first three elder fuþark runes in order, and what appears to be a formula for denoting the writer of the runes, seen in other runic inscriptions such as the Einang stone. The inscriptions likely reflect one of the earliest stages of runic literacy, characterised by experimentation in writing styles and shapes.

Elder Futhark
The Elder Futhark (or Fuþark, /ˈfuːθɑːrk/ FOO-thark), also known as the Older Futhark, Old Futhark, or Germanic Futhark, is the oldest form of the runic alphabets. It was a writing system used by Germanic peoples  in the Migration Period. Inscriptions are found on artifacts including jewelry, amulets, plateware, tools, and weapons, as well as runestones, from the 2nd to the 8th centuries.

In Scandinavia, beginning in the late 8th century, the script was simplified to the Younger Futhark, while the Anglo-Saxons and Frisians instead extended it, giving rise to the Anglo-Saxon futhorc. Both the Anglo-Saxon futhorc and the Younger Futhark remained in use during the Early and the High Middle Ages respectively, but knowledge of how to read the Elder Futhark was forgotten until 1865, when it was deciphered by Norwegian scholar Sophus Bugge.
Anna site
The Anna Site (22 AD 500) is a prehistoric Plaquemine culture archaeological site located in Adams County, Mississippi, 10 miles (16 km) north of Natchez. It is the type site for the Anna phase (1200 to 1350 CE) of the Natchez Bluffs Plaquemine culture chronology. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on September 14, 1993.

Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez (/ˈnætʃɪz/ NATCH-iz) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.

Natchez is approximately 90 miles (140 km) southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 28th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez people, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period.
Murray Crafter
Murray Richard Crafter (c. December 1930 − 3 January 2017) was an Australian professional golfer. In his mid-teens, Crafter turned professional and quickly got a job at Glenelg Golf Club. This was the beginning of a long relationship with Glenelg where he worked for several decades. In his free time, Crafter also played a number of significant tournaments, winning the South Australian PGA Championship eleven times and the South Australian Open six times. In 1960, Crafter travelled overseas to play in Europe where he had much success, posting a number of top tens in national opens. However he elected to not play in the continent again, returning to Australia where he worked as a club pro and golf course architect for the remainder of his career. In his spare time he still played significant events, notably winning the 1966 West End Tournament, sharing the title with Kel Nagle.

Kel Nagle
Kelvin David George Nagle AM (21 December 1920 – 29 January 2015) was an Australian professional golfer best known for winning The Open Championship in 1960. He won at least one tournament each year from 1949 to 1975.
Nachtmann (glass manufacturer)
Nachtmann or F. X. Nachtmann Bleikristallwerke GmbH (English: F. X. Nachtmann Lead Crystal Works Ltd.) was a fine glass maker, founded in 1834 by Michael Nachtmann in Unterhütte, Oberpfalz. In 1900, the company was taken over by Zacharias Frank who moved the headquarters to Neustadt an der Waldnaab.

After the war in 1945 Nachtmann rebuilt the partially destroyed production facilities and began with the production of lead crystal in Neustadt and Riedlhütte. In 1983 a third, highly modern lead crystal plant was founded in Weiden in der Oberpfalz.

In 2004 the Nachtmann company was taken over by its rival, the Austrian crystal maker Riedel which now carries its name and brand. As of 2011 the website associated with its name is active and continues sale of fine glass under the Riedel umbrella.

Riedel (glass manufacturer)
Tiroler Glashütte GmbH, trading as Riedel (/ˈriːdəl/ REE-dəl), is an Austrian glassware manufacturer based in Kufstein, Austria. The company is best known for its glassware designed to enhance different types of wines. According to Petr Novy, chief curator of the Museum of Glass and Jewellery in Jablonec nad Nisou, Czech Republic, Riedel is the oldest family owned and operated global crystal glass brand worldwide.

The Riedel family originally founded a glassworks in 1756 in Bohemia, but the Riedels were dispossessed of their Bohemian factories and all other property in the aftermath of World War II. The family subsequently re-established itself by acquiring a glassworks in Kufstein in 1956 under the direction of Walter Riedel and his son, Claus. The company is currently managed by Georg Riedel and his son, Maximilian.
Kacy Catanzaro
Kacy Esther Catanzaro (born January 14, 1990) is an American professional wrestler and a former gymnast and obstacle racer. She is best known for her time in WWE, where she performed under the ring name Katana Chance. Alongside Kayden Carter, she is a one-time NXT Women's Tag Team Champion, holding the record for the longest reign in the title's history, and a one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion. Carter and Chance are also the first women's tag team to have won the WWE and NXT Women's Tag Team Championships.

Prior to her professional wrestling career, Catanzaro competed on the television sports show American Ninja Warrior and became the first woman to complete a City Qualifiers course and the first woman to complete a City Finals course.

Piper Niven
Kimberly Benson (born 6 May 1991) is a Scottish professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Piper Niven, and is a member of The Green Regime stable.

Benson began her career on the UK independent circuit under the ring name Viper, also performing in the American independent promotion Shimmer Women Athletes and in Japan for World Wonder Ring Stardom. After participating in the 2017 Mae Young Classic, she was signed to a contract by WWE in 2019. She is a former one-time Artist of Stardom Champion, two-time ICW Women's Champion, one-time SWA World Champion, two-time WWE 24/7 Champion, and one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion.
Jech–Kunen tree
A Jech–Kunen tree is a set-theoretic tree with properties that are incompatible with the generalized continuum hypothesis. It is named after Thomas Jech and Kenneth Kunen, both of whom studied the possibility and consequences of its existence.

Kenneth Kunen
Herbert Kenneth Kunen (August 2, 1943 – August 14, 2020) was a professor of mathematics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who worked in set theory and its applications to various areas of mathematics, such as set-theoretic topology and measure theory. He also worked on non-associative algebraic systems, such as loops, and used computer software, such as the Otter theorem prover, to derive theorems in these areas.
GDSII
GDSII stream format (GDSII), is a binary database file format which is the de facto industry standard for electronic design automation (EDA) data exchange of integrated circuit (IC) or IC layout artwork. It is a binary file format representing planar geometric shapes, text labels, and other information about the layout in hierarchical form (two-dimensional/2D CAD file format). The data can be used to reconstruct all or part of the artwork to be used in sharing layouts, transferring artwork between different tools, or creating photomasks.

Electronic design automation
Electronic design automation (EDA), also referred to as electronic computer-aided design (ECAD), is a category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as integrated circuits and printed circuit boards. The tools work together in a design flow that chip designers use to design and analyze entire semiconductor chips. Since a modern semiconductor chip can have billions of components, EDA tools are essential for their design. A complete set of technologies are integrated in EDA tools, which have been expanded to software, hardware and design methodologies (such as through design services),  this article in particular describes EDA specifically with respect to integrated circuits (ICs).
Chattha (clan)
Chattha (also spelled Chatha) is a politically influential Punjabi Jat clan concentrated in the Rachna Doab, particularly around the historical Gujranwala District (which includes modern day Wazirabad and Hafizabad).

The Chatthas, taking advantage of the weakening of the Mughal Empire, established their independent rule by taking over much of Wazirabad District and its environs while also ending tribute payments to the Mughal Governor of Lahore. The Chatthas were also able to beat back the expanding Sikhs on multiple occasions and had a particular rivalry with the Sukerchakia Misl (memorialized in the epic poem, Chatthian di Vaar) who eventually defeated them.

Sikh Confederacy
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal) which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
Tim Temple
Timothy Temple (born 1969 or 1970) is an American politician from Louisiana. He has served as the Louisiana Insurance Commissioner since January 2024.

Temple graduated from DeRidder High School in DeRidder, Louisiana, and Southern Methodist University. After graduating, he became an insurance agent. He became the president of Temptan, a family-owned company.

In 2019, Temple ran against Jim Donelon for Louisiana Insurance Commissioner in the 2019 election. Donelon won reelection. Temple ran again in the 2023 election. Donelon opted not to run for reelection and Temple's only challenger dropped out of the race in August.

Temple recommended a package of bills that loosened regulations on insurance companies, including tort reform, that passed the Louisiana Legislature and was signed into law by Governor Jeff Landry.

Temple and his wife, Amy, have two children and live in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Louisiana Insurance Commissioner
The Louisiana insurance commissioner is a statewide constitutional officer who regulates the insurance industry in Louisiana. The insurance commissioner serves as the head of the Louisiana Department of Insurance, which consists of ten divisions; Consumer Advocacy, Financial Solvency, Health Insurance, Legal Services, Licensing & Compliance, Minority Affairs, Management & Finance, Public Affairs, Property & Casualty, and Receivership.
Louisiana is one of 11 states that elect the chief insurance regulator. The first office holder was Rufus D. Hayes, who was appointed by the governor in 1957, then elected for another term. The current Insurance Commissioner is Tim Temple. Three of the four insurance commissioners prior to Donelon, Jim Brown, Sherman A. Bernard, and Doug Green, have been convicted of federal crimes and spent time in prison.
Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine
Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine (HMSOM) is a private medical school in Nutley, New Jersey. It opened in 2015, becoming the first private medical school in New Jersey to open in decades. Originally affiliated with Seton Hall University, the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine became independent in 2020.

HMSOM is affiliated with Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH), a network of 18 hospitals and the largest hospital network in the state after 2018 when a merger of Hackensack University Health Network (HUHN) and Meridian Health was completed with JFK Health. The merger comprises three regions across the state of NJ and the larger hospitals in each are:  Hackensack University Medical Center (HUMC) in the North, JFK Medical Center in Central NJ, and the Jersey Shore University Medical Center (JSUMC) in the South. All three regional hubs serve as educational centers for HMSOM students during their clinical years of rotations.

Hackensack Meridian Health
Hackensack Meridian Health (HMH) is an American network of healthcare providers in New Jersey, based out of Edison. Members include academic centers, acute care facilities, and research hospitals. Hackensack Meridian Health aims to create one integrated network for healthcare delivery in New Jersey. The HMH network was formed in 2016 by a merger between Hackensack University Medical Center and Meridian Health. Hackensack Meridian Health is affiliated with the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine and maintains active teaching programs at its hospitals. Since the acquisition of JFK Medical Center in Edison, HMH has now become the largest healthcare provider in New Jersey.
Satellogic
Satellogic Inc. is an American company specializing in Earth-observation satellites, founded in 2010 by Emiliano Kargieman and Gerardo Richarte.

Satellogic began launching their Aleph-1 constellation of ÑuSat satellites in May 2016 and has, as of September 2025, launched more 50 ÑuSat satellites.  Satellogic redomiciled to Delaware in 2025 to officially become a US company.

In January 2022 the company went public with a special-purpose acquisition company (CF Acquisition Corp. V) merger. Satellogic is a publicly traded company on the Nasdaq exchange.

ÑuSat
ÑuSat satellite series (Spanish: ÑuSat, sometimes translated into English as NewSat) is a series of Argentinean commercial Earth observation satellites. They form the Aleph-1 constellation, which is designed, built and operated by Satellogic.
Fragile (TV series)
Fragile (Korean: 프래자일) is a 2024 South Korean teen drama television series written by Park Joo-yi, directed by Ahn Ji-hoon. It was released on U+ Mobile TV from September 9, to October 28, 2024, every Monday at 00:00 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Kocowa in selected regions.

LG Uplus
LG Uplus Corp. (Korean: LG유플러스; stylized as LG U+, KRX: 032640) is a South Korean mobile network operator owned by LG Corporation. It was formerly known as LG Telecom, but changed to its current name on July 1, 2010. LG Uplus is the second-largest wireless carrier in South Korea, with 18.411 million subscribers as of Q4 2023.

The carrier adopted its current name after the July 2010 merger with another two LG telecommunication subsidiaries, Dacom and Powercom.
LG U+ offers a variety of mobile services. GeForce Now distributes by U+ 5G in South Korea, and MusicON was discontinued music service for Feature Phones. Kakaonavi recently partnered with LG U+.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is a chlorinated aromatic amine derived from benzidine. It is widely used in the production of diarylide yellow pigments used in the production of printing inks. Its use in the production of dyes has been largely discontinued because of concerns about carcinogenicity.

Diarylide pigment
Diarylide pigments are organic compounds that are used as pigments in inks and related materials.  They often are yellow or yellow-green.  To some extent, these organic compounds have displaced cadmium sulfide from the market.  Being pigments, these compounds exist as (yellow) powders of low solubility in water.  They are similar to the simpler monoazo pigments called arylide yellows.
Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) is a skeletal muscle on the dorsal side of the forearm.  It lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the abductor pollicis longus. The extensor pollicis brevis belongs to the deep group of the posterior fascial compartment of the forearm. It is a part of the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox.

Abductor pollicis longus muscle
In human anatomy, the abductor pollicis longus (APL) is one of the extrinsic muscles of the hand.  Its major function is to abduct the thumb at the wrist.  Its tendon forms the anterior border of the anatomical snuffbox.
Tampa Bay Downs
Tampa Bay Downs is an American Thoroughbred horse racing facility located in Westchase in Hillsborough County in the U.S. state of Florida, just outside Tampa. It opened in 1926 under the name Tampa Downs, and has also been known as Sunshine Park and Florida Downs and Turf Club.

Oldsmar, Florida
Oldsmar is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,898. The Oldsmar name dates to April 12, 1916, when automobile pioneer Ransom E. Olds purchased 37,541 acres (151.92 km2) of land north of Tampa Bay to establish a planned community.
Derrick Nix (American football)
Derrick Nix (born February 22, 1980) is an American football coach and former player who is the wide receivers coach at Alabama. He played college football at Southern Miss where he was the only player in Conference USA history to rush for over 1,000 yards in three seasons.

Tyrone Nix
Tyrone Nix (born September 30, 1972) is an American football coach who currently serves as defensive coordinator for the Tarleton State Texans. Nix is the former defensive coordinator for Middle Tennessee, Ole Miss, South Carolina, and Southern Miss. He is the brother of Derrick Nix, a former Southern Miss star and the current wide receivers coach at Alabama.
Aura (The Alpha Conspiracy album)
Aura is the second studio album by The Alpha Conspiracy, released in 2004.

In a review for Splendid E-zine, Melissa Amos wrote:

The most remarkable aspect of Aura isn't its perfect composition, but the warmth it conveys. While so many of his programmer contemporaries construct tracks like modern building contractors -- all steel and glass and cement -- Sega's work demonstrates a sense of humanity. There's a friendliness to the album's deep textures, something more personal and inviting than we're accustomed to hearing from electronic music.— Melissa Amos, Splendid E-zine

Andrew Sega incorporated his vocals on some of Aura's songs, a practice which he wasn't previously known for. Ned Kirby of Stromkern contributed vocals in "Accelerating".

Aura appeared at #17 in the June 2004 edition of the French Alternative Charts.

Andrew Sega
Andrew Gregory Sega (/ˈsiːɡə/ SEE-gə; born May 20, 1975), also known as Necros, is an American musician best known for tracking modules in the 1990s demoscene as well as for composing music for several well-known video games. He was a member of the synthpop duo Iris from 2001 until its disbandment in 2021. In 2020, he founded the dark wave duo Hallowed Hearts.

Sega is the owner of the independent record label Diffusion Records. His main solo project is known as The Alpha Conspiracy.
Hector Levesque
Hector Joseph Levesque (born 1951) is a Canadian academic and researcher in artificial intelligence. His research concerns incorporating commonsense reasoning in intelligent systems and he initiated the Winograd Schemas Challenge.

Winograd schema challenge
The Winograd schema challenge (WSC) is a test of machine intelligence proposed in 2012 by Hector Levesque, a computer scientist at the University of Toronto. Designed to be an improvement on the Turing test, it is a multiple-choice test that employs questions of a very specific structure: they are instances of what are called Winograd schemas, named after Terry Winograd, professor of computer science at Stanford University.

On the surface, Winograd schema questions simply require the resolution of anaphora: the machine must identify the antecedent of an ambiguous pronoun in a statement. This makes it a task of natural language processing, but Levesque argues that for Winograd schemas, the task requires the use of knowledge and commonsense reasoning.

The challenge is considered defeated in 2019 since a number of transformer-based language models achieved accuracies of over 90%.
Poros, Cephalonia
Poros (Greek: Πόρος) is a picturesque small town located in the municipal unit of Eleios-Pronnoi, some 40 km SE of Argostoli, 28 km SE of Sami and 12 km NE of Skala, in the southeast of Cephalonia, one of the Ionian Islands of Greece.

Cephalonia
Kefalonia or Cephalonia (Greek: Κεφαλονιά [kefaloˈɲa]), formerly also known as Kefallinia or Kephallenia (Κεφαλληνία), is the largest of the Ionian Islands in western Greece and the 6th-largest island in Greece after Crete, Euboea, Lesbos, Rhodes and Chios. It is also a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region. It was a former Latin Catholic diocese Kefalonia–Zakynthos (Cefalonia–Zante) and short-lived titular see as just Kefalonia. The largest cities of Cephalonia are Argostoli and Lixouri.
Yvan Muller
Yvan Charles Muller (born 16 August 1969) is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a four-time World Touring Car Champion, winning the title in 2008 with SEAT, in 2010 and 2011 with Chevrolet and in 2013 with RML. He was British Touring Car Champion in 2003 with Vauxhall.

World Touring Car Championship
The FIA World Touring Car Championship was an international touring car championship promoted by Eurosport Events and sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). It has had several different incarnations, including a single season in 1987 as the World Touring Car Championship and most recently a world championship (WTCC) that has run between 2005 and 2017. Following the 2017 season, an agreement was reached for the FIA WTCC to become FIA WTCR and use the TCR technical regulations.