hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Special senses
In medicine and anatomy, the special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them:

vision (the eye)

hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system and vestibular system)

smell (the nose)

taste (the tongue)

The distinction between special and general senses is used to classify nerve fibers running to and from the central nervous system – information from special senses is carried in special somatic afferents and special visceral afferents. In contrast, the other sense, touch, is a somatic sense which does not have a specialized organ but comes from all over the body, most noticeably the skin but also the internal organs (viscera). Touch includes mechanoreception (pressure, vibration and proprioception), pain (nociception) and heat (thermoception), and such information is carried in general somatic afferents and general visceral afferents.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Claudio Fava
Claudio Fava (born 15 April 1957) is an Italian politician and writer. He is the Coordinator of the National Secretariat of Sinistra Ecologia Libertà (Left Ecology Freedom). He was  until 2009 Member of the European Parliament for the Italian Islands with the Democratic Left (SD), part of the Socialist Group and is vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development.

He was a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the Committee on Fisheries and the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Left Ecology Freedom
Left Ecology Freedom (Italian: Sinistra Ecologia Libertà, SEL) was a democratic socialist political party in Italy whose bulk was formed by former members of the Communist Refoundation Party.

The party's leader was Nichi Vendola, a former President of Apulia. On 17 December 2016, SEL dissolved into Italian Left, which was officially launched as a party in early 2017.
Test Me (Chanmina song)
"Test Me" is a song by South Korean and Japanese rapper and singer Chanmina, released on January 14, 2026, via No Label Music and Mastersix Foundation. The song serves as the opening theme song for the third season of the Japanese animated series Oshi no Ko.

Oshi no Ko (2023 TV series)
Oshi no Ko (Japanese: 【推しの子】; lit. 'My Favorite Idol's Child') is a Japanese anime television series produced by Doga Kobo, based on the manga series Oshi no Ko written by Aka Akasaka and illustrated by Mengo Yokoyari. The series follows a doctor and his recently deceased patient, who were reborn as twins to a famous Japanese pop idol, as they navigate the highs and lows of the country's entertainment industry as they grow up together. The anime premiered in April 2023 with a feature-length first episode. As of 2025, the series has aired two television seasons, with a third season currently ongoing.

The series quickly gained critical and commercial success, with critics praising its storytelling, animation quality, thematic boldness, portrayal of idol culture, media exploitation, and parasocial relationships. It has won numerous awards, including Animation of the Year at the Tokyo Anime Award Festival.
Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania
Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania is the history of Hasidic Judaism and Hasidic philosophy in Lithuania and parts of modern-day Belarus. Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania began with R. Aaron Perlow of Karlin (Karalin) (1736–1772), R. Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk (1730?–1788) R. Shneur Zalman of Liadi (Lyady) (1745–1812) and to a lesser extent R. Hayim Haykl of Amdur (Indura) (d. 1787), all of whom were disciples of R. Dov Ber of Mezeritch (Mezhirichi) (c. 1704–1772), who in part was the successor to the R. Israel Baal Shem Tov (c. 1698–1760) who founded Hasidic Judaism in Western Ukraine. In its earliest years, Lithuanian Hasidism suffered immense persecution by the Lithuanian Misnagdic rabbinate, who attempted to ban and excommunicate Hasidism on several occasions in Lithuania beginning with R. Elijah b. Solomon Zalman of Vilna (1720–1797), who was the earliest disseminator of anti-Hasidic thought which flourished in Lithuania.

Lechovitch (Hasidic dynasty)
Lechovitch (Yiddish: לעכוויטש) is a Lithuanian Hasidic dynasty, originating from the city of Lyakhavichy, Belarus, where it was founded by Rabbi Mordechai Jaffe (ca. 1742 - 1810). Lechovitch is a branch of Karlin Hasidism as Jaffe was a leading disciple of Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin. The Slonim, Koidanov, and Kobrin dynasties derive from Lechovitch Hasidism.
Suburban electrification of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) was involved in the development of railway electrification of Britain. Like the LNER and the SR the LMS took over several schemes that had been developed by its constituent companies and also completed some of its own. All were suburban lines, in London, Liverpool and Manchester, and were usually steam lines converted to electric traction.

Each service is listed below, showing dates of opening and the railway responsible for its conversion.

Railway electrification in Great Britain
Railway electrification in Great Britain began in the late 19th century. A range of voltages has been used, employing both overhead lines and conductor rails. The two most common systems are 25 kV AC using overhead lines, and the 750 V DC third rail system used in Southeast England and on Merseyrail. As of October 2023, 6,065 kilometres (3,769 mi) (38%) of the British rail network was electrified.

According to Network Rail, as at 2003, 64% of the electrified network used the 25 kV AC overhead system, and 36% used the 660/750 V DC third-rail system.
Yosef Yozel Horwitz
Yosef Yozel Horowitz (Hebrew: יוסף יוזל הורוביץ), also Yosef Yoizel Hurwitz, known as the Alter of Novardok (1847–December 9, 1919), was a student of Rabbi Yisroel Salanter, the founder of the Musar movement. The Alter was also a student of Rabbis Yitzchak Blazer and Simcha Zissel Ziv and spent some time in Brest, learning from Rabbi Chaim Soloveichik. He established the Novardok yeshiva in the city of Navahrudak. Additionally, he established a network of yeshivas in Dvinsk, Minsk, Warsaw, Berdichev, Lida and Zetl. Some of his discourses were recorded in the book Madregas Ha-Adam (Hebrew: מדרגת האדם, Stature of Man). The most basic and important theme in his book is Bitachon (trust in God). (The Alter would sign his name: "B. B.," for Ba'al Bitachon, "Master of Trust [in God]".)

Simcha Zissel Ziv
Simcha Zissel Ziv Broida (Hebrew: שמחה זיסל זיו, Lithuanian: Simča Ziselis Zivas; 1824–1898), also known as Simhah Zissel Ziv or the Alter of Kelm (the Elder of Kelmė), was one of the foremost students of Yisrael Salanter and one of the early leaders of the Musar movement. He is best known as the founder and director of the Kelm Talmud Torah.
Evan Stone
Evan Stone is an American pornographic film actor and director.

In 2011, Stone became the third actor in history to receive the AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year three times. That same year, he was listed by CNBC as one of the twelve most popular stars in porn, being the only man to make the list. Stone has also been inducted into the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.

In June 2023, Stone announced he was running for Congress in Nevada as a Republican in the 1st District, however he lost the primary.

AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year
The AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year is an award that has been given annually by sex industry company AVN since the award's inception in 1993.

First recipient of the award was Rocco Siffredi, who was awarded at 10th AVN Awards in 1993. As of 2026, Manuel Ferrara is the most honored pornographic actor with six awards followed by Lexington Steele, Mick Blue and Evan Stone with three awards, while four pornographic actors–Rocco Siffredi, James Deen, Small Hands and Tom Byron–have won the award two times. Tommy Pistol is the oldest recipient of the award at the age of 45 in 2022 and James Deen is the youngest recipient of the award at the age of 22 in 2009. The most recent recipient is Vince Karter, who was honoured at the 42nd AVN Awards in 2026.
Alabama House of Representatives
The Alabama House of Representatives is the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of state of Alabama. The House is composed of 105 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing at least 42,380 citizens. There are no term limits in the House. The House is also one of the five lower houses of state legislatures in the United States that is elected every four years. Other lower houses, including the United States House of Representatives, are elected for a two-year term.

The House meets at the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is its leader.

Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives
The Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Alabama House of Representatives, elected by House members at the Legislature’s organizational session held after each general election. The Speaker recognizes members to speak, refers bills to committees, and appoints members to House standing committees under chamber rules adopted for each four-year term.

Following Reconstruction, Democrats held the speakership continuously until 2010, when Republicans won control of the House and elected Mike Hubbard, the first Republican Speaker since Reconstruction. As of 2023, the Speaker is Nathaniel Ledbetter.
Arctomiaceae
The Arctomiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the Ascomycota, class Baeomycetales. The family was named by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1861, with Arctomia as the type genus. Species in this family are found in arctic and subarctic habitats, usually associated with bryophytes. In overall morphology, the Arctomiaceae combine features that are otherwise uncommon together within the Ostropomycetidae: a consistent association with cyanobacterial genus Nostoc, gelatinous thalli, and fruiting bodies that develop openly rather than being enclosed.

Baeomycetales
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa.
Jack Brodrick
John Purewa Brodrick (Jack) (1913 – 11 March 1965) was a rugby league player. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in 7 matches in 1937 and 1938. In the process he became the 252nd player to represent New Zealand. He played rugby union in the Bay of Plenty area predominantly for Ruatoki, and represented Bay of Plenty in the mid-1930s, and New Zealand Māori in 1935. He then moved to Auckland and played rugby league for the Manukau club. He represented Auckland, Auckland Māori, the North Island, and New Zealand.

Angus Gault
Angus Tait Gault (30 May 1912 – November 1983) was a rugby league player. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in four matches in 1937 and 1938. In the process he became the 251st player to represent New Zealand. He played rugby union in the Waitomo area for Hangatiki, and represented Maniapoto in the early-to-mid-1930s before moving to Auckland and playing rugby league for the Manukau club. He went on to represent Auckland, Auckland Pākehā, the North Island, and ultimately New Zealand.
Joanne Froggatt
Joanne Froggatt (/ˈfrɒɡət/; born 23 August 1980) is a British actress. From 2010 to 2015, she portrayed Anna Bates in the ITV period drama series Downton Abbey, for which she received three Emmy nominations and won the 2014 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. From 2017 to 2020, she starred as Laura Nielson in the ITV/Sundance drama series Liar.

Froggatt rose to prominence with her portrayal of Zoe Tattersall on the soap opera Coronation Street (1997–1998). She played Ruth Tyler, Sam Tyler's mother in original UK version of the fantasy police drama Life on Mars (2006). She went on to star in the television films Danielle Cable: Eyewitness (2003), See No Evil: The Moors Murders (2006), and Murder in the Outback (2007), before winning the British Independent Film Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her leading role in In Our Name (2010). Other film credits include Filth (2013), A Street Cat Named Bob (2016), Mary Shelley (2017), and Downton Abbey (2019).

Joanne Lees: Murder in the Outback
Joanne Lees: Murder in the Outback (also known as Murder in the Outback) is a television film produced by Channel Ten and ITV Productions, which first aired in Australia on Channel Ten on 18 March 2007 and in the UK on ITV on Sunday 8 April, where it was titled Murder in the Outback. It is based on the real life disappearance of Peter Falconio.
Comb sort
Comb sort is a relatively simple sorting algorithm originally designed by Włodzimierz Dobosiewicz and Artur Borowy in 1980, later rediscovered (and given the name "Combsort") by Stephen Lacey and Richard Box in 1991. Comb sort improves on bubble sort in the same way that Shellsort improves on insertion sort, in that they both allow elements that start far away from their intended position to move more than one space per swap.

nist.gov's "diminishing increment sort" definition mentions the term 'comb sort' as visualizing iterative passes of the data, "where the teeth of a comb touch;" the former term is linked to Don Knuth.

Bubble sort
Bubble sort, sometimes referred to as sinking sort, is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the input list element by element, comparing the current element with the one after it, swapping their values if needed. These passes through the list are repeated until no swaps have to be performed during a pass, meaning that the list has become fully sorted. The algorithm, which is a comparison sort, is named for the way the larger elements "bubble" up to the top of the list.

It performs poorly in real-world use and is used primarily as an educational tool. More efficient algorithms such as quicksort, timsort, or merge sort are used by the sorting libraries built into popular programming languages such as Python and Java.
Final Score
Final Score is a BBC Television football news and results programme produced by BBC Sport. The programme is broadcast on late Saturday afternoons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, usually on BBC One. BBC Northern Ireland opts away during the last ten minutes to cover local results in Final Score from Northern Ireland, normally just after the Premier League scores are read out. BBC Scotland runs a different programme altogether – Open All Mics. Final Score is also broadcast on Boxing Day and New Year's Day and sometimes on either Good Friday or Easter Monday. A special Sunday edition is broadcast on the final day of the Premier League season.

Final Score is also broadcast on Saturday afternoons on the BBC Red Button and online for two hours before the BBC One broadcast begins. An additional half-hour was also broadcast live on BBC World News, the BBC's internationally broadcast news channel, but this was discontinued from the 2015–16 season.

BBC Sport
BBC Sport is the sports division of the BBC, providing national sports coverage for BBC television, radio and online. The BBC holds the television and radio UK broadcasting rights to several sports, broadcasting the sport live or alongside flagship analysis programmes such as Match of the Day, Test Match Special, Ski Sunday and Today at Wimbledon. Results, analysis and coverage is also added to the BBC Sport website and through the BBC Red Button interactive television service.
Ed Anger
Ed Anger is a pseudonymous opinion columnist in the Weekly World News, a former U.S. tabloid, now a web site. In addition to weekly columns, a collected book of his writings, Let's Pave the Stupid Rainforests & Give School Teachers Stun Guns: And Other Ways to Save America was published in 1996.

Weekly World News
The Weekly World News is a tabloid formerly published in a newspaper format reporting mostly fictional "news" stories in the United States from 1979 to 2007. The paper was renowned for its outlandish cover stories often based on supernatural or paranormal themes and an approach to news that verged on the satirical. Its characteristic black-and-white covers have become pop-culture images widely used in the arts. It ceased print publication in August 2007. The company has a library of 110,000+ articles and 300+ original characters.

In 2009, the Weekly World News was relaunched as an online and social media publication. In July 2021, the Weekly World News announced the formation of Weekly World News Studios, to develop and produce entertainment projects based on its brand and characters.
Singapore Pro Wrestling
Singapore Pro Wrestling, commonly shortened to SPW, is a professional wrestling promotion based in Singapore. It was the first modern professional wrestling promotion in Southeast Asia, and was founded by Andruew Tang (known as "The Statement" Andruew Tang in SPW), the first Singaporean professional wrestler, and Vadim Koryagin, in February 2012. The promotion also has a wrestling school, in which Andruew Tang is the head coach, and SPW wrestlers, Aiden Rex, Dr. Gore, Alexis Lee and Da Butcherman work as assistant coaches. SPW is best known for producing Dante Chen (known as "Trexxus" during his time in SPW), the first wrestler from Southeast Asia to sign with WWE, making his debut on WWE NXT, on 22 September 2021.

Dante Chen
Sean Tan Li Hao (born January 20, 1996) is a Singaporean professional wrestler. He is signed to WWE, where he performs on the Evolve brand under the ring name Dante Chen. He is best known for being the first Singaporean and Southeast Asian wrestler to sign with the WWE.
Feldspathoid
The feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a different structure and much lower silica content. They occur in rare and unusual types of igneous rocks, and are usually not found in rocks containing primary quartz. A notable exception where feldspathoids and quartz-bearing rocks are found together is the Red Hill Syenite.

Foid, a contraction of the term feldspathoid, is applied to any igneous rock containing up to 60% modal feldspathoid minerals. For example, a syenite with significant nepheline present can be termed a nepheline-bearing syenite or nepheline syenite, with the term nepheline replaceable by any foid mineral. Such terminology is used in the Streckeisen (QAPF) classification of igneous rocks.

Nepheline
Nepheline (from Ancient Greek  νεφέλη (nephélē) 'cloud'), also called nephelite, is a rock-forming mineral in the feldspathoid group – a silica-undersaturated aluminosilicate (Na3KAl4Si4O16) that occurs in intrusive and volcanic rocks with low silica, and in their associated pegmatites. It is used in glass and ceramic manufacturing and other industries, and has been investigated as an ore of aluminium.
Estadio Charrúa
Estadio Charrúa is a stadium in the Carrasco neighborhood of Montevideo, Uruguay, used mostly for rugby union and also sometimes for football. Property of the Montevideo Department, it is currently leased to the Uruguayan Rugby Union and Uruguayan Football Association after an agreement signed in 2012. The stadium holds 14,000 people.

Estadio Charrúa has been a frequent venue of teams such as the Uruguay national rugby union team, Uruguay women's national football team, Peñarol Rugby and Montevideo City Torque.

Peñarol Rugby
Peñarol is a Uruguayan professional rugby union team based in Montevideo. The team was founded in 2019 to compete in Súper Liga Americana de Rugby and is the rugby section of the Peñarol sports club. With its participation, Peñarol became the first professional rugby club in Uruguay.

Peñarol debuted officially in March 2020, v Chilean team Selknam, which also takes part of Súper Liga Americana. The Carbonero was defeated 15–13.
Even Now (Barry Manilow album)
Even Now is the fifth studio album by singer-songwriter Barry Manilow. It was recorded at A&M Studios in Hollywood, California, and released in 1978. The album reached triple platinum and spun off four hit singles in 1978 and early 1979: the title song, "Can't Smile Without You", "Copacabana" and "Somewhere in the Night" (which had previously been a hit in 1976 for Helen Reddy). Even Now peaked at No. 3 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart on April 8, 1978.

At the 21st Annual Grammy Awards, Even Now was nominated for Album of the Year. The award, however, went to the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack.  Still, Barry Manilow won a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal for "Copacabana (At the Copa)". This remains Barry Manilow's only Grammy Award despite fifteen (15) other nominations.

Copacabana (song)
"Copacabana", also known as "Copacabana (At the Copa)", is a song recorded by Barry Manilow. Written by Manilow, Jack Feldman, and Bruce Sussman, it was released in 1978 as the third single from Manilow's fifth studio album, Even Now (1978). The same year, "Copacabana" appeared in the soundtrack album of the film Foul Play.
Fachtna of Kiltoom
Fachtna of Kiltoom (Gaelic = Cill Toma) in the barony of Fore, County Westmeath was an Irish Christian saint who lived about 460.  His father was Dubhthach moccu Lughair, the Chief Ollam of Ireland.

Fachtna's brothers were all saints and founders of churches, mainly in Leinster.  They included Trian, Saint Gabhran, Saint Euhel, Saint Molaisse Mac Lugair, Moninne and Lonan.

The Martyrology of Donegal gives Fachtna's feast-day as 14 November as follows- “The three sons of Dubhthach, i.e., Fachtna of Cill-Toma, Gabhran and Euhel, the other two.”

The Martyrology of Gorman (Félire Uí Gormáin), for the same day gives- “Dear are the pure-formed, three godly sons of Dubthach”.

Dubthach maccu Lugair
Dubthach maccu Lugair (fl. fifth century), is a legendary Irish poet and lawyer who supposedly lived at the time of St Patrick's mission in Ireland and in the reign of Lóegaire mac Néill, high-king of Ireland, to which Dubthach served as Chief Poet and Brehon. In contrast to the king and his druids, he is said to have readily accepted the new religion. This event has played a major part in Hiberno-Latin and Irish sources as representing the integration of native Irish learning with the Christian faith.
Battle of Holmengrå
The Battle of Holmengrå (Norwegian: Slaget ved Holmengrå) was a naval battle fought on 12 November 1139 near the island Holmengrå south of Hvaler, between the forces of the child kings Sigurd Haraldsson and Inge Haraldsson on the one side, and on the other side the pretender Sigurd Slembe and his ally King Magnus the Blind (by Sigurd's claim his nephew). Inge and Sigurd Haraldsson were sons of the previous king Harald Gille, who had been killed by Sigurd Slembe in 1136. The sons of Harald Gille emerged victorious from the battle. Magnus the Blind was killed in action, while Sigurd Slembe was betrayed, captured, and later tortured and executed.

Inge Haraldsson
Inge Haraldsson (Old Norse: Ingi Haraldsson; 1135 – 3 February 1161) was king of Norway (being Inge I) from 1136 to 1161. Inge’s reign fell within the start of the period known in Norwegian history as the civil war era, and he was never the sole ruler of the country. He is often known as Inge the Hunchback (Norwegian: Inge Krokrygg; Old Norse: Ingi krókhryggr), because of his physical disability.  However, this epithet does not appear in medieval sources.