hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Islington Studios
Islington Studios, often known as Gainsborough Studios, were British film studios located on the south bank of the Regent's Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton in the former Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch, London between 1919 and 1949. The studios are closely associated with Gainsborough Pictures which was based there for most of the studios' history. During its existence Islington Studios worked closely with its sister Lime Grove Studios in Shepherd's Bush and many films were made partly at one studio and partly at the other. Amongst the films made at the studios were Alfred Hitchcock thrillers, Will Hay comedies and Gainsborough melodramas.

Gainsborough Pictures
Gainsborough Pictures was a British film studio based on the south bank of the Regent's Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton, London. Gainsborough Studios was active between 1924 and 1951. The company was initially based at Islington Studios, which were built as a power station for the Great Northern & City Railway and later converted to studios.

Other films were made at Lime Grove and Pinewood Studios. The former Islington studio was converted to flats in 2004 and a London Borough of Hackney historical plaque is attached to the building. The studio is best remembered for the Gainsborough melodramas it produced in the 1940s.

Gainsborough Pictures is now owned by Gregory Motton.
Mark 4
Mark 4 is the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It tells the parable of the Sower, with its explanation, and the parable of the Mustard Seed. Both of these parables are paralleled in Matthew and Luke, but this chapter also has a parable unique to Mark, the Seed Growing Secretly. The chapter ends with Jesus calming the storm.

Parable of the Mustard Seed
The Parable of the Mustard Seed is one of the shorter parables of Jesus. It appears in Matthew (13:31–32), Mark (4:30–32), and Luke (13:18–19). In the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, it is immediately followed by the Parable of the Leaven, which shares this parable's theme of the Kingdom of Heaven growing from small beginnings. It also appears in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas (verse 20).
Duchess of Rutland
Duchess of Rutland is a title given to the wife of the Duke of Rutland, an extant title in the Peerage of England which was created in 1703. The family seat is Belvoir Castle. Emma Manners is the current Duchess and she is also the CEO of Belvoir Castle.

Duke of Rutland
Duke of Rutland is a title in the Peerage of England, named after Rutland, a county in the East Midlands of England. Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703, in whose family's line the title continues.  The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy title of Marquess of Granby.
Dow theory
The Dow theory on stock price movement is the precursor to technical analysis and is also part of modern technical analysis. The theory was derived from 255 editorials in The Wall Street Journal written by Charles H. Dow (1851–1902), journalist, founder and first editor of  The Wall Street Journal and co-founder of Dow Jones and Company. Following Dow's death,  William Peter Hamilton, Robert Rhea and E. George Schaefer organized and collectively represented Dow theory, based on Dow's editorials. Dow himself never used the term Dow theory nor presented it as a trading system.

The six basic tenets of Dow theory as summarized by Hamilton, Rhea, and Schaefer are described below.

William Peter Hamilton
William Peter Hamilton (January 20, 1867 – December 9, 1929), a proponent of Dow Theory, was the fourth editor of the Wall Street Journal, serving in that capacity for more than 20 years (i.e., January 1, 1908 – December 9, 1929).

"Some people think and others do. Dow thought and created an index and pondered it. Hamilton [by contrast,] put it to practice as a workhorse. He was the first serious practitioner of [both] the art of forecasting future stock action based on precise prior action [and the] forecasting of the economy based on the market."
Coahuilteco language
Coahuilteco was one of the Indigenous languages that was spoken in southern Texas (United States) and northeastern Coahuila (Mexico). It is now extinct, and is typically considered to be a language isolate, but has also been proposed to be part of a Pakawan family.

Coahuiltecan languages
Coahuiltecan was a proposed language family in John Wesley Powell's 1891 classification of Native American languages. Most linguists now reject the view that the Coahuiltecan peoples of southern Texas and adjacent Mexico spoke a single or related languages. Coahuiltecan continues to be a convenient collective term for the languages and people of this region.
Mohammad Ali Ale-Hashem
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Ale-Hashem (Persian: سید محمدعلی آل‌هاشم), also known as "Ayatollah Ale-Hashem" (18 August 1962 – 19 May 2024) was an Iranian jurist and Twelver Shia cleric who was the representative of Vali-e-Faqih (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist) in the province of East Azerbaijan, and Imam of Friday Prayer in Tabriz.

Ale-Hashem was killed in the 2024 Varzaqan helicopter crash alongside then President of Iran, Ebrahim Raisi and six others on board.

2024 Varzaqan helicopter crash
On 19 May 2024, an Iranian Air Force helicopter crashed near the village of Uzi, East Azerbaijan, Iran, killing President of Iran Ebrahim Raisi, Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, Governor-General of East Azerbaijan Malek Rahmati, representative of the supreme leader in East Azerbaijan Mohammad Ali Ale-Hashem, the head of the president's security team, and three flight crew. It was en route in a convoy of three helicopters from the Giz Galasi Dam to Tabriz.
Ministry of Finance (Iraq)
The Ministry of Finance (MoF; Arabic: وزارة المالية) is a central government ministry of Iraq tasked with formulating financial policies of the state, preparing the general budget bill, and overseeing as well as managing public expenditure.

The banks of Rafidain and Rasheed, as well several other enterprises, are operated by the ministry. It publishes a monthly report called the Open Budget Survey.

The headquarters is located in Bab al-Muadham, east of the river Tigris, Baghdad. The incumbent Minister of Finance since 27 October 2022 is Taif Sami Mohammed.

Rafidain Bank
Rafidain Bank (Arabic: مصرف الرافدين, lit. 'Bank of Mesopotamia') is an Iraqi bank headquartered in Baghdad, with 146 branches inside Iraq as well as branches in London, Cairo, Beirut, Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Amman and Jabal Amman.

Its headquarter is in central Baghdad. As of 2017, Rafidain Bank was the largest bank in Iraq and had around 45% of banking assets in Iraq.
Japan national under-19 cricket team
The Japan Under-19 cricket team represents Japan in under-19 cricket at the international level. Outside of the ICC full-member nations, under-19 international cricket is generally limited to tournament play, and outside of global events (run by the International Cricket Council), Japan’s involvement has been relatively limited, only dating back to 2007, where they participated in the East Asia-Pacific Regional Under-19 qualifier for the first time.

They qualified for their maiden Under-19 Cricket World Cup in 2020 after winning the EAP Qualifier Division One. The team has qualified for the 2026 edition.

Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup
The ICC Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council contested by national under-19 teams. First contested in 1988, as the Youth Cricket World Cup, it was not staged again until 1998. Since then, the World Cup has been held as a biennial event, organised by the ICC. The first edition of the tournament had only eight participants, but every subsequent edition has included sixteen teams. Among the full members, India have won the World Cup on a record six occasions, while Australia have won four times, Pakistan twice, and Bangladesh, England, South Africa and the West Indies once each. New Zealand and Sri Lanka have reached tournament finals without winning. India are the current champions, having defeated England by 100 runs in the final of the 2026 World Cup
Alaksandar Dubko
Alaksandar Iosifovich Dubko (Belarusian: Аляксандар Іосіфавіч Дубко, Russian: Александр Иосифович Дубко; January 14, 1938 – February 4, 2001) was the former chairman of the Grodno Regional Executive Committee. In 1960 graduated from the Grodno State Agrarian University with a degree in agronomy. Have worked in different positions in agrarian sector, was a director of one of the biggest agricultural companies in Grodno region. In 1994, he was a candidate for President of Belarus. He also served in the Belarus SSR Supreme Soviet and the USSR Supreme Soviet. He was awarded the titles of Hero of Socialist Labor and Hero of Belarus, however, the Hero of Belarus title was presented to him posthumously  for valiant service to state and society.

Hero of Belarus
Hero of Belarus (Belarusian: Герой Беларусі, Łacinka Hieroj Biełarusi; Russian: Герой Беларуси, romanized: Geroj Belarusi) is the highest title that can be bestowed on a citizen of Belarus. The title is awarded to those "who perform great deeds in the name of freedom, independence and prosperity of the Republic of Belarus". The deed can be for military performance, economic performance or great service to the State and society. The design of the medal is similar to that of its predecessor, Hero of the Soviet Union. Similar titles to the Hero of Belarus include the Hero of the Russian Federation, Hero of Ukraine, and Hero of Uzbekistan. Since its creation, the title has been awarded to eleven people.
Victoria Affair
The Victoria Affair (code name Operation Iron Law) was a military operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in March 2011 in which the Israeli Navy intercepted the Liberian-flagged container vessel Victoria in the international waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and discovered concealed weapons which, according to the IDF, were destined for Palestinian militant organizations in the Gaza Strip. The vessel was found to be carrying approximately 50 tons of weapons, including C-704 anti-ship missiles, rocket launchers, radar systems, mortar shells and rifle ammunition.

Karine A affair
The Karine A affair, also known as Operation "Noah's Ark" (Hebrew: מבצע תיבת נוח, romanized: Mivtza Teyvat Noah), was an Israeli military action in January 2002 in which the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) forces seized MV Karine A, which was a Palestinian freighter in the Red Sea. The vessel was reported by the IDF to be carrying 50 tons of weapons, including short-range Katyusha rockets, antitank missiles, and high explosives.
The Happiest Millionaire
The Happiest Millionaire is a 1967 American musical film starring Fred MacMurray, based upon the true story of Philadelphia millionaire Anthony Drexel Biddle. The film, featuring music by the Sherman Brothers, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design by Bill Thomas. The screenplay by A. J. Carothers was adapted from the play, based on the book My Philadelphia Father by Cordelia Drexel Biddle. Walt Disney acquired the rights to the play in the early 1960s. The film was the last live-action musical film to be produced by Disney before his death on December 15, 1966.

Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr.
Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr. (October 1, 1874 – May 27, 1948) was a millionaire whose fortune allowed him to pursue theatricals, self-published writing, athletics, and Christianity on a full-time basis.

He trained men in hand-to-hand combat in both World Wars, was a fellow of the American Geographical Society and founded a movement called "Athletic Christianity" that eventually attracted 300,000 members around the world. Sports Illustrated called him "boxing's greatest amateur" in 1955, as well as a "major factor in the re-establishment of boxing as a legal and, at that time, estimable sport."

A fictionalized Biddle appears in the 1967 Disney musical film The Happiest Millionaire.
R807 road (Ireland)
The R807 road is a regional road in Dublin, Ireland.

The official definition of the R807 from the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2006 states:

R807: Clontarf Road, Dublin

Between its junction with R105 at Howth Road Fairview and its junction with R105 at Howth Road via Clontarf Road and James Larkin Road all in the city of Dublin.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
SCO2
SCO2 cytochrome c oxidase assembly (also known as SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial and SCO cytochrome oxidase deficient homolog 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCO2 gene. The encoded protein is one of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX)(Complex IV) assembly factors. Human COX is a multimeric protein complex that requires several assembly factors. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, which helps to maintain the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that is necessary for aerobic ATP production. The encoded protein is a metallochaperone that is involved in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. Mutations in this gene are associated with fatal infantile encephalocardiomyopathy and myopia 6.

Cytochrome c oxidase
The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV (was EC 1.9.3.1, now reclassified as a translocase EC 7.1.1.9) is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria, archaea, and the mitochondria of eukaryotes.

It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of cells located in the membrane. It receives an electron from each of four cytochrome c proteins and transfers them to one oxygen molecule and four protons, producing two molecules of water. In addition to binding the four protons from the inner aqueous phase, it transports another four protons across the membrane, increasing the transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical potential, which the ATP synthase then uses to synthesize ATP.
The Ghost Map
The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic – and How it Changed Science, Cities and the Modern World is a book by Steven Berlin Johnson in which he describes the most intense outbreak of cholera in Victorian London and centers on John Snow and Henry Whitehead.

It was released on 19 October 2006 through Riverhead.

John Snow
John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology and early germ theory, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London's Soho, which he identified as a particular public water pump.  Snow's findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world.
Heidi Berry
Heidi Berry (born December 8, 1958) is a British-American singer-songwriter. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, she recorded and released four critically acclaimed solo albums on the British independent record labels Creation and 4AD, for which she is best known.

Creation Records
Creation Records Ltd. was a British independent record label founded in 1983 by Alan McGee, Dick Green, and Joe Foster. Its name came from the 1960s band The Creation, whom McGee greatly admired. The label ceased operations in 1999, although it was revived at one point in 2011 for the release of the compilation album Upside Down.

Over the course of its sixteen-year history, Creation predominantly focused on alternative rock, releasing several influential indie rock, shoegaze, and Britpop records, but also featured bands performing various other styles of rock, including indie pop and post-punk, as well as some electronic, folk, and experimental artists. Their roster has included The Jesus and Mary Chain, Primal Scream, Felt, My Bloody Valentine, and Oasis.
July 2027 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Sunday, July 18, 2027, with an umbral magnitude of −1.0662. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 16 hours before apogee (on July 19, 2027, at 7:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.

The Moon will barely clip the edge of the Earth's penumbral shadow, and the eclipse will be impossible to see in practice. The event is listed as a miss by some sources.

May 2031 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 7, 2031, with an umbral magnitude of −0.0892. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2 days before perigee (on May 9, 2031, at 3:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.
Vamana
Vamana (Sanskrit: वामन, lit. 'Dwarf', IAST: Vāmana), also known as Trivikrama (lit. 'three steps'), Urukrama (lit. 'far-stepping'), Upendra (lit. 'Indra’s younger brother/Superior to Indra'), Dadhivamana (Sanskrit: दधिवामन, lit. 'milk-dwarf', IAST: Dadhivāmana), Ulagalanthan (lit. 'the one who measured the world) and Balibandhana (lit. 'binder or killer of Bali'), is an avatar of the Hindu deity Vishnu. He is the fifth avatar of Vishnu and the first Dashavatara in the Treta Yuga, after Narasimha.

First mentioned in the Vedas, Vamana is most commonly associated in the Hindu epics and Puranas with the story of taking back the three worlds (collectively referred to as the Trailokya) from the daitya-king Mahabali by taking three steps to restore the cosmic order and push Mahabali into the netherworld. He is the youngest among the adityas, the sons of Aditi and the sage Kashyapa.

Adityas
In Hinduism, Adityas (Sanskrit: आदित्य, lit. 'of Aditi' IAST: Āditya Sanskrit pronunciation: [aːd̪ɪt̪jɐ]) refers to a group of major solar deities, who are the offspring of the Goddess Aditi. The name Aditya, in the singular, is taken to refer to the sun god Surya. Generally, Adityas are 6-8 in number and consist of Daksha, Mitra, Varuna, Bhaga, Amsha, Aryaman, and Martanda. Additionally, they include Vivasvan, Tvashta, Savita, Dhata, Pushan, Indra and Vishnu.

They appear in the Rig Veda, where they are 6–8 in number, all male. The number increases to 12 in the Brahmanas. The Mahabharata and the Puranas mention the sage Kashyapa  as their father. In each month of the year a different Aditya is said to shine.
Johanna (character)
Johanna is a fictional character appearing in the story of Sweeney Todd. In the original version of the tale, the penny dreadful The String of Pearls (1846–7), her name is Johanna Oakley and she has no relation to Todd. In the popular musical adaptation by Stephen Sondheim, inspired by Christopher Bond's play Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1973), she is the daughter of Benjamin Barker and his wife, Lucy. In this version she is the ward of Judge Turpin, the man who falsely convicted her father and raped her mother.

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Hugh Wheeler. It is based on the 1970 play Sweeney Todd by Christopher Bond. The character of Sweeney Todd first appeared in a Victorian penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has been revived in many productions and inspired a film adaptation. The original logo for the musical is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the sign replaced by a straight razor. There is also a woman wearing a blood-stained dress and holding a rolling pin next to the man.
Dirk Pitt
Dirk Pitt is a fictional character created by American novelist Clive Cussler and featured in a series of novels published from 1976 to 2023. Pitt is a larger-than-life hero reminiscent of pulp magazine icon Doc Savage. Pitt is a citizen of the United States, on loan from the United States Air Force with the rank of Major, after serving in the Vietnam War as a pilot. He manages to find adventure with his childhood best friend, Al Giordino, despite ending up with an ostensibly desk-bound role as the head of the National Underwater and Marine Agency. Pitt has a commanding presence, a quick wit, and a considerable collection of classic cars.

National Underwater and Marine Agency
The National Underwater and Marine Agency (NUMA) is a private, non-profit organization in the United States founded in 1979. Originally it was a fictional US government organization in the novels of author Clive Cussler. Cussler later created and, until his death in 2020, led the actual organization, which is dedicated to "preserving our maritime heritage through the discovery, archaeological survey and conservation of shipwreck artifacts." "NUMA does not actively seek private funding. Most of the financial support for the projects comes from the royalties from Clive Cussler’s books."
The Chameleon (magazine)
The Chameleon was a literary magazine edited by Oxford undergraduate John Francis Bloxam. Its first and only issue was published in December 1894. It featured several literary works from the Uranian tradition, concerning the love of adolescent boys.

The magazine gained notoriety when it was invoked repeatedly in the 1895 trials of Oscar Wilde as evidence of Wilde's (then) deviant tendencies. Wilde had contributed "Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young" to the magazine, a set of humorous aphorisms. While the content of "Phrases" was fairly benign, Wilde faced cross-examination about some of the other, more controversial works that appeared in the magazine, particularly the story "The Priest and the Acolyte", which was falsely rumoured to have been written by Wilde.

The magazine's subtitle, A Bazaar of Dangerous and Smiling Chances, is a quote from writer Robert Louis Stevenson.

John Francis Bloxam
John Francis Bloxam (also known as Jack Bloxam) (1873–1928) was an English Uranian author and churchman. Bloxam was an undergraduate at Exeter College, Oxford when his story, "The Priest and the Acolyte", appeared in the sole issue of The Chameleon: a Bazaar of Dangerous and Smiling Chances, a periodical which he also served as editor. The story details the love affair of a young Anglican priest and his lover, a 14-year-old boy. The affair, when discovered, triggers a suicide pact of both priest and boy. A poem, A Summer Hour, also with pederastic themes, appeared in The Artist. The contents of The Chameleon, which also included Lord Alfred Douglas's notorious poem Two Loves, would be used against Oscar Wilde in his trial. Bloxam was a convert to Anglo-Catholicism, and became a priest.