hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haydamak
The haydamaks, also haidamakas or haidamaky or haidamaks (sg. haidamaka; pl. haidamaky, from Ukrainian: гайдамаки and Polish: hajdamacy) were Ukrainian Cossack paramilitaries of commoner (peasants, craftsmen), and impoverished noblemen origin in the eastern part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. They were formed in reaction to the Commonwealth's actions that were directed to reconstitute its orders on territory of right-bank Ukraine, which was secured following ratification of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with the Tsardom of Russia in 1710.

Koliivshchyna
The Koliivshchyna (Ukrainian: Коліївщина; Polish: koliszczyzna) was a major haidamaky rebellion that broke out in Right-bank Ukraine in June 1768, caused by the dissatisfaction of peasants with the treatment of Orthodox Christians by the Bar Confederation and serfdom, as well as by hostility of Cossacks and peasants to the local Polonized Ruthenian nobility and ethnic Poles. The uprising was accompanied by pogroms against both real and imagined supporters of the Bar Confederation, particularly ethnic Poles, Jews, Roman Catholics, and especially Byzantine Catholic priests and laity. This culminated in the massacre of Uman. The number of victims is estimated from 100,000 to 200,000. Many communities of national minorities (such as Old Believers, Armenians, Muslims and Greeks) completely disappeared in the areas devastated by the uprising.
Estazolam
Estazolam, sold under the brand name Prosom among others, is a tranquilizer medication of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Estazolam is an intermediate-acting oral benzodiazepine. It is used for short-term treatment of insomnia.

It was patented in 1968 and came into medical use in 1975.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Drum wrench
The drum wrench or bung wrench is a tool which is commonly used to open drum bungs and openings.
When unopened, a large drum's contents may be under enormous pressure. If a drum is opened without the proper tools and precautions, the pressure may escape suddenly and violently, causing injury. A drum wrench reduces pressure during the opening process. A drum wrench is a convenient tool for safely opening and removing materials drums, but they are not the only means of protection from the hazards of said drums. Some drums act as a vacuum with very low internal pressures, increasing the risk of the top "popping up" soon after opening.

Drum (container)
A drum (also called a barrel) is a cylindrical shipping container used for shipping bulk cargo. Drums can be made of steel, dense paperboard (commonly called a fiber drum), or plastic, and are generally used for the transportation and storage of liquids and powders. Drums are often stackable, and have dimensions designed for efficient warehouse and logistics use.  This type of packaging is frequently certified for transporting dangerous goods. Proper shipment requires the drum to comply with all applicable regulations.
1973 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1973 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Montjuïc circuit on 29 April 1973. It was race 4 of 15 in both the 1973 World Championship of Drivers and the 1973 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 75-lap race was won by Lotus driver Emerson Fittipaldi after he started from seventh position. François Cevert finished second for the Tyrrell team and Shadow driver George Follmer came in third, scoring his only podium finish in Formula One.

George Follmer
George Richard Follmer (born January 27, 1934) is an American former auto racing driver, and one of the most successful road racers of the 1970s. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. His family moved to California when he was just an infant.
Hellmann's and Best Foods
Hellmann's and Best Foods are American brand names that are used for the same line of mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, sauce, salad dressing, condiments and other food products. They have been owned by the British multinational company Unilever since 2000. The Hellmann's brand is sold in the Middle East, the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, in Latin America, Europe, Australia,  Canada, India, and Pakistan. The Best Foods brand is sold in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains, in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.

Hellmann's and Best Foods are marketed in a similar way. Their logos and websites resemble one another, and they have the same slogan: "Bring out the best".

Both brands were previously sold by the U.S.-based Bestfoods Corporation, which also sold several other food products in addition to Hellmann's and Best Foods mayonnaise. Bestfoods, known as CPC international before 1997, was acquired by Unilever in 2000.

Ingredion
Ingredion Inc. is an American food and beverage ingredient provider based in Westchester, Illinois, producing mainly starches, non-GMO sweeteners, stevia, and pea protein. The company turns corn, tapioca, potatoes, plant-based stevia, grains, fruits, gums and other vegetables into ingredients for the food, beverage, brewing, and pharmaceutical industries and numerous industrial sectors. It has about 12,000 employees in 44 locations, and customers in excess of 120 countries.

In 2021, Ingredion was ranked second in the Modified Starch category of the Global Food Thickener Companies list and second on the Top 50 Global Sweetener Companies list by FoodTalks.
Pseudosphere
In geometry, a pseudosphere is a surface in . It is the most famous example of a pseudospherical surface. A pseudospherical surface is a surface piecewise smoothly immersed in  with constant negative Gaussian curvature. A "pseudospherical surface of radius R" is a surface in  having curvature −1/R2 at each point. Its name comes from the analogy with the sphere of radius R, which is a surface of curvature 1/R2. Examples include the tractroid, Dini's surfaces, breather surfaces, and the Kuen surface.

The term "pseudosphere" was introduced by Eugenio Beltrami in his 1868 paper on models of hyperbolic geometry.

Kuen surface
The Kuen surface is a mathematical surface of constant negative unit Gaussian curvature, making it an example of a pseudospherical surface. It can be described as a parametric surface in terms of the parametric equations

where

It is named after, and was first described by, the German mathematician Theodor Kuen in 1884. The surface is a special case of the class of Enneper surfaces, first described by Alfred Enneper.

The Kuen surface was of interest to surrealist artists, including Max Ernst and Man Ray. The surface has also inspired work by the Japanese sculptor Toshimasa Kikuchi.
Teiyū Ichiryūsai
Mieko Suzuki (鈴木 三枝子, Suzuki Mieko; born June 20, 1958), better known by the stage names Teiyū Ichiryūsai (一龍斎 貞友 (Ichiryūsai Teiyū)) and Mie Suzuki (鈴木 みえ, Suzuki Mie), is a Japanese voice actress and kōdan-shi known for voicing Masao Sato in Crayon Shin-chan, Sumire Sakura in Chibi Maruko-chan and Shinbee Fukutomi in Nintama Rantaro. She was born in Osaka.

Nintama Rantarō
Nintama Rantarō (忍たま乱太郎; "Rantarō the Ninja Boy") is a Japanese anime series produced by Ajia-do Animation Works and Japanese broadcast on NHK since April 10, 1993. It is an adaptation of the manga series Rakudai Ninja Rantarō, written and illustrated by Sōbe Amako. Nintama Rantarō centers on the title character and his friends as they attend a school for budding ninjas. Like the manga on which it is based, there is a considerable amount of anachronisms for comedic purposes; for example, the titular character Rantarō is bespectacled. The anime also references other Japanese media personalities such as Ken Shimura. The series is currently the longest-running anime on NHK. The official English title is Ninjaboy Rantaro.

In July 2011, a live action film version directed by Takashi Miike titled Ninja Kids!!! was released. A sequel was released on July 6, 2013, called Ninja Kids!!! Summer Mission Impossible! (忍たま乱太郎 夏休み宿題大作戦! の段, Nintama Rantarô Natsuyasumi Shukudai Daisakusen! no Dan).
Education in the United Arab Emirates
Provision of education in the UAE began shortly after the establishment of the federation with the inception of the first university, the United Arab Emirates University, located in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi.  Since then, the country has progressed with efforts to ensure high literacy rates, modern programs and women's share in education. It works on improving its youth's education which is why the agenda 2021 has been set. The UAE currently devotes approximately 16 percent of total federal government spending to education. In 2019, the overall literacy rate was 96%, and in the year 2022, the literacy rate increased to 98.29.

United Arab Emirates University
United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) (Arabic: جامعة الإمارات العربية المتحدة) is a public research university located in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Founded in 1976 by the country's first President, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, it is the oldest university in the United Arab Emirates and offers courses in various subjects up to post-graduation.
The Woman of the Port (1934 film)
The Woman of the Port (Spanish: La Mujer del Puerto) is a 1934 Mexican romantic drama film directed by Arcady Boytler and starring Andrea Palma. The film is based on the story 'Le Port' (The Harbour) by French author Guy de Maupassant.

Arcady Boytler
Arcady Sergeevich Boytler Rososky (August 31, 1895 – November 24, 1965) was a Russian-born Mexican film producer, director and screenwriter, most renowned for his films during the golden age of Mexican cinema.

Boytler was born in Moscow, lived on Riga (Elizabetas 12) since 1895 till 1914.  Had a Latvian citizenship from 1917 till 1934. During the 1920s, he started filming silent comedies. A collaborator of Sergei Eisenstein, he was called "the Russian Rooster" when he came to Mexico to film La mujer del puerto (1933). In 1937 he filmed ¡Así es mi tierra!, which followed the model of Fernando de Fuentes's classic Allá en el Rancho Grande. However, the film subverted the Mexican Revolutionary genre by making the general into the villain.

Boytler died of heart disease in the Mexican Federal District on November 24, 1965, at the age of 70.
Keiko Fuji
Junko Utada (宇多田 純子, Utada Junko) (5 July 1951 – 22 August 2013), known primarily by the stage name Keiko Fuji (藤 圭子, Fuji Keiko) was a Japanese enka singer and actress. She had success in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s with her ballad-type songs. She was married on-and-off with Teruzane Utada, and was the mother of Japanese pop singer Hikaru Utada.

Teruzane Utada
Teruzane Utada (宇多田 照實, Utada Teruzane; born July 21, 1948) is a Japanese record producer and record executive.

He married Junko Utada (née Keiko Fuji) and oversaw her career. They were married to and divorced each other seven times. Their only child is the singer Hikaru Utada, one of Japan's most successful pop music singers of all time.

Teruzane Utada was born in Tokuji, Yamaguchi Prefecture. He fought in the Vietnam War. Depending on the producer, Utada also uses the names Sking U, Utada Sking Teruzane, and Utada Skingg Teruzane.
Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing
The Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing (CAC), housed at Frank H. T. Rhodes Hall on the campus of Cornell University, is one of five original centers in the National Science Foundation's Supercomputer Centers Program. It was formerly called the Cornell Theory Center.

National Science Foundation Network
The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) from 1985 to 1995 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States. The program created several nationwide backbone computer networks in support of these initiatives. It was created to link researchers to the NSF-funded supercomputing centers. Later, with additional public funding and also with private industry partnerships, the network developed into a major part of the Internet backbone.

The National Science Foundation permitted only government agencies and universities to use the network until 1989 when the first commercial Internet service provider emerged. By 1991, the NSF removed access restrictions and the commercial ISP business grew rapidly.
Howard County, Nebraska
Howard County is a county in the state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 6,475. Its county seat is St. Paul. The county was formed in 1871 and named after Civil War General Oliver Otis Howard.

Howard County is part of the Grand Island metropolitan area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Howard County is represented by the prefix 49 (it had the 49th-largest number of vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922).

St. Paul, Nebraska
St. Paul or Saint Paul is a city in and the county seat of Howard County, Nebraska, United States. As of the 2020 census, St. Paul had a population of 2,416.

St. Paul is part of the Grand Island, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Minifloat
In computing, minifloats are floating-point values represented with very few bits. This reduced precision makes them ill-suited for general-purpose numerical calculations, but they are useful for special purposes such as:

Computer graphics, where human perception of color and light levels has low precision. The 16-bit half-precision format is very popular.

Machine learning, which can be relatively insensitive to numeric precision. 16-bit, 8-bit, and even 4-bit floats are increasingly being used.

Additionally, they are frequently encountered as a pedagogical tool in computer-science courses to demonstrate the properties and structures of floating-point arithmetic and IEEE 754 numbers.

Depending on context minifloat may mean any size less than 32, any size less or equal to 16, or any size less than 16. The term microfloat may mean any size less or equal to 8.

Half-precision floating-point format
Half precision (sometimes called FP16 or float16) is a binary floating-point computer number format that occupies 16 bits (two bytes in modern computers) in computer memory. It is intended for storage of floating-point values in applications where higher precision is not essential, in particular image processing and neural networks.

Almost all modern uses follow the IEEE 754-2008 standard, where the 16-bit base-2 format is referred to as binary16, and the exponent uses 5 bits. This can express values in the range ±65,504, with the minimum value above 1 being 1 + 1/1024.
Taniela Rawaqa
Taniela Rawaqa (born April 30, 1986) is a Fijian rugby union player. He plays fullback, presently with the Western Crusaders in the Colonial Cup and with the Fiji Warriors in the Pacific Rugby Cup and internationally with Fiji. He is the younger brother of Fijian International Ifereimi Rawaqa

He made his international debut against Samoa in the 2007 Pacific Nations Cup and was regarded and one of the greatest prospects and successor of Nicky Little. He also played for Fiji Sevens. He plays for Fiji A in the Punjas Rugby Series.

Rawaqa is currently the second highest points scorer in Pacific Nations Cup history with 103 points.

Rawaqa turned out for Jaffna Challengers in the Sri Lanka's Carlton Sevens Tournament in 2012.

He currently turns out for Navy Sports Club in the Sri Lankan Premier Rugby League whose team is captained
by Yoshitha Rajapakse the Sri Lankan Rugby Captain and son of the Sri Lankan President.

Fiji Warriors
The Fiji Warriors, also referred to as Fiji A, is a national representative rugby team of rugby union in Fiji. It is the second-tier side to the Fiji national team. The Warriors team is selected from players in the Fijian domestic competitions and competes in the World Rugby Pacific Challenge against Samoa A and Tonga A. Since 2016, the Fiji Warriors team has played in the Americas Pacific Challenge against national A teams from North and South America.
Christ Church Picture Gallery
Christ Church Picture Gallery is an art gallery located inside Christ Church, a college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. The gallery holds an important collection of about 300 Old Master paintings and nearly 2,000 drawings.

The gallery consists largely of Italian art from the 14th to 18th centuries. including paintings by famous artists such as Fra Angelico, Salvator Rosa and Paolo Veronese. The gallery also holds drawings by Raphael, Albrecht Dürer, Michelangelo, and a great range of other Italian and European artists, as well as a collection of Russian icons.

The greater part of the collection was bequeathed by a former member of the college, General John Guise, arriving after his death in 1765. Since then, the collection has been supplemented by several bequests, notably from William Fox-Strangways and Walter Savage Landor, both of thom donated 14th and 15th-century Italian paintings.

The gallery is open to the public.

William Fox-Strangways, 4th Earl of Ilchester
William Thomas Horner Fox-Strangways, 4th Earl of Ilchester FRS (7 May 1795 – 10 January 1865), styled The Honourable William Fox-Strangways until 1858, was a British diplomat, Whig politician and art collector. He served as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs under Lord Melbourne from 1835 to 1840 and was Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the German Confederation from 1840 to 1849.
Jodie Harrison
Jodie Elizabeth Harrison (born 1968) is an Australian politician who has represented the Charlestown Electorate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Labor Party since 25 October 2014, when she was elected in a by-election.

Electoral district of Charlestown
Charlestown is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It has been represented by Jodie Harrison of the Labor Party since the Charlestown by-election on 25 October 2014.
Alison Meeke
Alison Meeke (born 7 June 1991), also referred to as Ali Meeke, is an Ireland women's field hockey international. She was a member of the Ireland team that played in the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup final. Meeke has also won Irish Senior Cup and Women's Irish Hockey League titles with Loreto.

Ireland women's national field hockey team
The Ireland women's national field hockey team is organised by Hockey Ireland and represents both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in international women's field hockey competitions, including the Women's Hockey World Cup and the Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship. They have previously competed in the Women's Intercontinental Cup, the Women's Hockey Champions Challenge, Women's FIH Hockey World League and the Women's FIH Hockey Series. The team also competes at the Summer Olympics, though it officially only represents the Republic of Ireland then (using the Republic's flag and national anthem), while still selecting players from the entire island.

On 2 March 1896, Ireland played England in the first ever women's international field hockey match. Ireland were finalists and silver medallists at the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup and competed at the 2020 Olympic tournament.
Giles Chippindall
Sir Giles Tatlock Chippindall CBE (21 May 1893 – 20 December 1969) was a senior Australian public servant. He was Secretary of the Department of Supply and Shipping between 1945 and 1946 and Director-General of the Postmaster-General's Department between 1949 and 1958.

Postmaster-General's Department
The Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) was a department of the Australian government, established at Federation in 1901, whose responsibilities included the provision of postal and telegraphic services throughout Australia. It was abolished in December 1975 and replaced by the Postal & Telecommunications Department. Two separate legal entities had been established in July 1975 to take over the department's operations: Telecom Australia (that later became Telstra) and Australia Post.
Grace Fortescue
Grace Hubbard Fortescue, (née Bell) (November 3, 1883 – June 24, 1979), was a  New York City socialite who orchestrated the kidnapping, beating, and murder of a man who was wrongly accused of raping her daughter. After being convicted of manslaughter at a sensational trial, her ten-year sentence was commuted to a single hour by Hawaii's Territorial Governor Lawrence Judd.

Lawrence M. Judd
Lawrence McCully Judd (March 20, 1887 – October 4, 1968) was a politician of the Territory of Hawaii, serving as the seventh territorial governor. Judd is most well-known for his role in the Massie Affair, in which he commuted the sentence of three people convicted of manslaughter in the killing of Josef Kahahawai.

He later served as Governor of American Samoa from March 4 to August 4, 1953. As Governor of Hawai'i, his notable contributions included the establishment of public parks and numerous playgrounds, as well as reducing state spending. He also raised public awareness about the conditions in the leper colony on Moloka'i Island.
Vanuatu Cricket Association
Vanuatu Cricket, officially the Vanuatu Cricket Association, is the national governing body of the sport of cricket in Vanuatu. Its current headquarters is in Port Vila, Vanuatu. Vanuatu Cricket Association is Vanuatu's representative at the International Cricket Council and is an associate member and has been a member of that body since 2009. It is also a member of the East Asia-Pacific Cricket Council. The Vanuatu men's national cricket team achieved Associate status with the ICC after winning the prestigious ICC EAP Cup in 2009 (undefeated).

In March 2021, Tim Cutler, formerly the CEO of Hong Kong Cricket Association, was appointed as the CEO of Vanuatu Cricket replacing Shane Deitz. He was expected to commence his term as CEO from mid-April 2021.

Vanuatu national cricket team
The Vanuatu national cricket team is the men's team that represents Vanuatu in international cricket. The team is organised by the Vanuatu Cricket Association, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1995 and an associate member in 2009. Vanuatu made its international debut at the 1979 Pacific Games, at which time the country was still known as the New Hebrides. The majority of the team's matches have come against other members of the ICC East Asia-Pacific region, including both at ICC regional tournaments and at the cricket events at the Pacific Games.

Vanuatu entered the World Cricket League at the 2008 Division Five tournament. The team participated in the WCL system at the 2015 Division Six event, where it placed third. Following the withdrawal of Suriname from the 2016 Division Five tournament, Vanuatu were named as their replacement. After the abolition of the WCL, Vanuatu became part of the 2019–22 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.