hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christmas Common
Christmas Common is a hamlet in Watlington civil parish, Oxfordshire about 7+1⁄2 miles (12 km) south of Thame in Oxfordshire, close to the boundary with Buckinghamshire. The hamlet is 812 feet (247 m) above sea level on an escarpment of the Chiltern Hills. Because of its elevation, Christmas Common has two radio masts that are prominent local landmarks.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
Lordship of Schellenberg
The Lordship of Schellenberg (German: Herrschaft Schellenberg) was a historic state of the Holy Roman Empire, now located in the Principality of Liechtenstein. Its capital was the town of Schellenberg.

Schellenberg
Schellenberg (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈʃɛlənˌbɛrɡ] ⓘ; dialectal: Schällabärg) is a municipality in the lowland area of Liechtenstein, on the banks of the Upper Rhine. As of 2019, it has a population of 1,107 and covers an area of 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi)
Manitoba Highway 7
Provincial Trunk Highway 7 (PTH 7) is a provincial primary highway located in the Canadian province of Manitoba.  It runs from the northern limit of the city of Winnipeg (where it meets with Route 90/Brookside Blvd.) north to Arborg, Manitoba where it intersects with PTH 68. The highway is twinned from Winnipeg to just north of PTH 67, an east-west route that provides access to the Town of Stonewall.

Manitoba Highway 67
Provincial Trunk Highway 67 (PTH 67) is a short provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs as an east-west route just north of Winnipeg city limits between PTH 6 near the village of Warren to PTH 9 at the gate to Lower Fort Garry.

PTH 67 is the main highway through the town of Stonewall. The speed limit is 100 km/h (62 mph).
COP Badel
COP Badel is a small combat outpost created near the village of Badel in the Narang District of Kunar Province, Afghanistan. The small outpost was established in early 2009 by D company, 1st Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment, 3 BCT, 10th Mountain Division and an Embedded Training Team (ETT 2–7) of Marines from 3D Marine Division on a small piece of high ground that locals called Badel Mountain.

The COP is considered to be on low ground compared to the mountains to the north. It was placed at the opening of the Narang Valley, which extends north towards the Shuryak and Korengal Valleys. COP Badel is always manned by one US Infantry Platoon, U.S. Marines, and at least a squad of ANA at any given time. The outpost was attacked regularly with AK47's, PKM, RPG, Diska, recoilless rifles, ZPU, and 82mm mortars.

Narang Badil District
Narang, Kunar, Afghanistan (نرنګ in Pashto and Persian) is a village in the central part of Kunar Province, Afghanistan south of Asadabad. It is surrounded by high mountains and the Kunar River. The population was 36,700 in 2014.
Polk County, Minnesota
Polk County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 31,192 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 30,413 in 2024. The county seat is Crookston and the largest city is East Grand Forks.

Polk County is part of the Grand Forks, ND-MN metropolitan statistical area.

Crookston, Minnesota
Crookston is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the county seat of Polk County. The population was 7,482 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greater Grand Forks metropolitan statistical area.

Crookston is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Crookston. Crookston is partially a commuter town to the larger city of Grand Forks, North Dakota.
Lee Jae-wook
Lee Jae-wook (Korean: 이재욱; born May 10, 1998) is a South Korean actor and model. He made his television debut in Memories of the Alhambra (2018–2019) and his film debut in The Battle of Jangsari (2019). He gained recognition with Extraordinary You (2019) and Do Do Sol Sol La La Sol (2020), both of which earned him acting awards. His role in Alchemy of Souls (2022–2023) brought him three additional acting awards.

Alchemy of Souls
Alchemy of Souls (Korean: 환혼) is a South Korean television series starring Lee Jae-wook, Jung So-min, Go Youn-jung, and Hwang Min-hyun. Written by the Hong sisters, it depicts the stories of young mages dealing with heaven and earth. It aired on tvN from June 18, 2022, to January 8, 2023, every Saturday and Sunday at 21:10 (KST) for 30 episodes. It is also available for streaming on TVING and Netflix in selected regions.

The series was divided into two parts: Part 1 aired from June 18 to August 28, 2022, for 20 episodes, while Part 2 (Alchemy of Souls: Light and Shadow) aired from December 10, 2022, to January 8, 2023, for 10 episodes.
Sophie Turner Laing
Sophie Henrietta Turner Laing, OBE (born 7 September 1960) is a British businesswoman and media executive. She was chief executive officer of global content creator, producer and distributor Endemol Shine Group from December 2014 until July 2020.  Prior to taking up that role, she held a number of senior positions at Sky in the UK, including their director of film and managing director of content. She previously worked for the BBC as the acting director of television and, along with Peter Orton and Jim Henson, was a founder of HIT Entertainment. In March 2022, she was named Chair of National Film and Television School.

Peter Orton
Peter Charles Orton, CVO (17 June 1943 – 5 December 2007) was a British media entrepreneur and television producer noted for his work in children's television. He, Muppets creator Jim Henson and businesswoman Sophie Turner Laing founded HIT Entertainment in 1982. Orton led the company from 1989 to 2005 when he sold it to Apax. After HiT was sold to Apax in 2005, he retired but kept close contacts with the entertainment world.
Baljvine
Baljvine (Serbian Cyrillic: Баљвине) is a village and local community located in the municipality of Mrkonjić Grad in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the administrative entity Republika Srpska.

Baljvine is the only settlement within the eponymous local community.

Mrkonjić Grad
Mrkonjić Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Мркоњић Град, pronounced [mr̩koɲit͡ɕ grad]) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Bosanska Krajina region, between Banja Luka and Jajce. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 16,671 inhabitants, while the town of Mrkonjić Grad has a population of 7,915 inhabitants.

The municipality consists of the following 22 local communities: Baljvine, Bjelajce, Baraći, Gerzovo, Gustovara, Podgorija, Magaljdol, Medna, Gornja Pecka, Gornji Šehovci, Stupari, Podrašnica, Podbrdo, Majdan, Gornji Graci, Orahovljani, Centar, Brkića Bašta, Kamenica, Novo Naselje, Zborište and Podorugla.
George Axelrod
George Axelrod (June 9, 1922 – June 21, 2003) was an American screenwriter and producer. His play The Seven Year Itch (1952), was adapted into a film of the same name starring Marilyn Monroe. Axelrod was nominated for an Academy Award for his 1961 adaptation of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's and also adapted Richard Condon's The Manchurian Candidate (1962).

The Seven Year Itch
The Seven Year Itch is a 1955 American romantic comedy film directed by Billy Wilder, who co-wrote the screenplay with George Axelrod. Based on Axelrod's 1952 play, the film stars Marilyn Monroe and Tom Ewell, with the latter reprising his stage role. It contains one of the most iconic pop culture images of the 20th century, in the form of Monroe standing on a subway grate as her white dress is blown upwards by a passing train. The titular phrase, which refers to waning interest in a monogamous relationship after seven years of marriage, has been used by psychologists.
You Can't Take It with You (play)
You Can't Take It with You is a comedic play in three acts by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart.  The original production of the play premiered at the Chestnut Street Opera House in Philadelphia, on November 30, 1936. The production then transferred to Broadway's Booth Theatre on December 14, 1936, where it played for 838 performances.

The play won the 1937 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and was adapted for the screen as You Can't Take It with You in 1938, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Director.

The play is popular among theater programs of high school institutions, and has been one of the 10 most-produced school plays every year since amateur rights became available in 1939.

You Can't Take It with You (film)
You Can't Take It with You is a 1938 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Capra, and starring Jean Arthur, Lionel Barrymore, James Stewart, and Edward Arnold. Adapted by Robert Riskin from the Pulitzer Prize-winning 1936 play of the same name by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, the film is about a man from a family of rich snobs who becomes engaged to a woman from a good-natured but decidedly eccentric family.

A critical and commercial success, the film received two Academy Awards: Best Picture and Best Director for Frank Capra. This was Capra's third Oscar for Best Director in just five years, following It Happened One Night (1934) and Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936).
Edward H. Meyer
Edward Henry Meyer (January 8, 1927 – April 11, 2023) was an American advertising executive who was CEO and chairman of Grey Global Group from 1970 until his retirement in 2006 following the firm's sale to WPP in 2005 for $1.5 billion.

Grey Global Group
Grey Group is a global advertising and marketing agency with headquarters in New York City, and 432 offices in 96 countries, operating in 154 cities. It is organized into geographical units: North America; Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America.

It is a unit of communications conglomerate WPP Group.
Diaminopimelate decarboxylase
The enzyme diaminopimelate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.20) catalyzes the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds in meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate (diaminopimelate) to produce CO2 and L-lysine, the essential amino acid. It employs the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate, also known as PLP, which participates in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate carboxy-lyase (L-lysine-forming).DAP-decarboxylase catalyzes the final step in the meso-diaminopimelate/lysine biosynthetic pathway. Lysine is used for protein synthesis and used in the peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacteria cell walls. This enzyme is not found in humans, but the ortholog is ornithine decarboxylase.

Diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) is an amino acid, representing an epsilon-carboxy derivative of lysine. meso-α,ε-Diaminopimelic acid is the last intermediate in the biosynthesis of lysine and undergoes decarboxylation by diaminopimelate decarboxylase to give the final product.

DAP is a characteristic of certain cell walls of some bacteria. DAP is often found in the peptide linkages of NAM-NAG chains that make up the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. When provided, they exhibit normal growth. When in deficiency, they still grow but with the inability to make new cell wall peptidoglycan.

This is also the attachment point for Braun's lipoprotein.
Azot (Cherkasy)
Azot PrAT, doing business as Cherkasy Azot, is a Ukrainian manufacturer of nitrogen fertilizers. Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash's chemical-industry holding corporation, Ostchem Holding, manages the company as well as several other fertilizer manufacturers in Ukraine and other post-Soviet states.

Azot serves both the domestic and export markets.  Products are primarily ammonia and ammonium salts, but also include certain specialty ion-exchange resins.

The plant's name, Azot, is Ukrainian for "nitrogen", and Cherkasy is the location of its chemical plant.

Cherkasy
Cherkasy (Ukrainian: Черкаси, pronounced [tʃerˈkɑsɪ] ⓘ) is a city in central Ukraine. Cherkasy serves as the administrative centre of Cherkasy Oblast as well as Cherkasy Raion within the oblast. The city has a population of 269,836 (2022 estimate).

Cherkasy is the cultural, educational and industrial centre of Cherkasy Oblast and Ukraine's Central Economic Region. Known since the 13th century, Cherkasy has played a great role in the history of Ukraine. The city was the centre of the land of the Cossacks; its citizens took part in the Khmelnychchyna and Koliivshchyna Cossack and peasant rebellions.

The city is located on the right bank of Dnieper River, about 200 km (124 mi) south of the nation's capital, Kyiv. In June 2011, the city celebrated its 725th anniversary.
Holiday Camp (film)
Holiday Camp is a 1947 British comedy drama film directed by Ken Annakin, starring Flora Robson, Jack Warner, Dennis Price, and Hazel Court, and also features Kathleen Harrison and Jimmy Hanley. It is set at one of the then-popular holiday camps. It resonated with post-war audiences and was very successful. It was the first film to feature the Huggett family, who went on to star in The Huggetts film series.

Flora Robson
Dame Flora McKenzie Robson (28 March 1902 – 7 July 1984) was an English actress and star of the theatrical stage and cinema, particularly renowned for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her range extended from queens to murderers.
Perrycroft
Perrycroft is a country house in the district of Colwall, Herefordshire, England. The house was built between 1893-1895 and was designed by C. F. A. Voysey for John William Wilson. Perrycroft is a Grade II* listed building.

C. F. A. Voysey
Charles Francis Annesley Voysey FRIBA RDI (28 May 1857 – 12 February 1941) was an English architect and furniture and textile designer. Voysey's early work was as a designer of wallpapers, fabrics and furnishings in a Arts and Crafts style and he made important contribution to the Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style), and was recognized by the seminal The Studio magazine. He is renowned as the architect of several country houses.

He was one of the first people to understand and appreciate the significance of industrial design. He has been considered one of the pioneers of Modern Architecture, a notion which he rejected. His English domestic architecture draws heavily on vernacular rather than academic tradition, influenced by the ideas of Herbert Tudor Buckland (1869–1951) and Augustus Pugin (1812–1852).

A part of the Sanderson wallpaper factory (1901) in Chiswick, which he designed, is named Voysey House in his memory.
Carta Caritatis
Carta Caritatis (transl.  Charter of Charity) is the constitution of the Cistercian Order. The document, approbated in 1119 by Pope Calixtus II, regulates relations among the Cistercian abbeys. The text was continually revised and adapted until 1155. In terms of canon law, the Carta Caritatis is a document of unprecedented significance, since it introduced the systematic regulations that made a group of monks at Cîteaux into the first religious order in Church history. It is held in high esteem as a legal monument of great influence.

Cîteaux Abbey
Cîteaux Abbey (French: Abbaye de Cîteaux [abe.i d(ə) sito]) is a Catholic abbey located in Saint-Nicolas-lès-Cîteaux, south of Dijon, France. It is notable for being the original house of the Order of Cistercians. Today, it belongs to the Trappists (also called the Cistercians of the Strict Observance).

The abbey has about 35 monks. The community produces a cheese branded under the abbey's name, as well as caramels and honey-based candies.
Pelletizing
Pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a pellet. A wide range of different materials are pelletized including chemicals, iron ore, animal compound feed, plastics (nurdles), waste materials, and more. The process is considered an excellent option for the storage and transport of said materials. The technology is widely used in the powder metallurgy engineering and medicine industries.

Nurdle (bead)
Pre-production plastic pellets, commonly known as nurdles, are tiny plastic pellets (smaller than 5 mm or 0.20 in) that are universally used in the plastics industry for the manufacture of plastic products. These microplastics are made primarily from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and other plastics or synthetic resins. Nurdles are the building block, via plastic extrusion or injection molding, for items for everyday life including plastic water bottles, containers, and bags.

Nurdles cause environmental damage where they are spilled into rivers and oceans, and eaten by birds and fish who mistake them for eggs. Creatures can be poisoned by toxins adsorbed by the plastic, which can enter the human food chain.
Herbert S. Hadley
Herbert Spencer Hadley (February 20, 1872 – December 1, 1927) was an American lawyer and a Republican Party politician from St. Louis, Missouri. Born in Olathe, Kansas, he was Missouri Attorney General from 1905 to 1909 and in 1908 was elected the 32nd Governor of Missouri, serving one term from 1909 to 1913. As Attorney General, he successfully prosecuted Standard Oil Company for violating Missouri antitrust law. Entering the 1912 Republican convention, the Roosevelt and Taft forces seemed evenly matched, and Hadley was seen as a possible compromise candidate. While Taft was supportive of the idea, Roosevelt refused.

1908 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1908 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908, and resulted in a victory for the Republican nominee, Missouri Attorney General Herbert S. Hadley, over the Democratic candidate, former Congressman William S. Cowherd, and several other candidates representing minor parties.

This election broke a string of eleven consecutive Democratic governors, as it was the first election since 1870 which did not result in a victory by the Democratic nominee (no Democrat had run in 1870).
Computer Russification
In computing, Russification involves the localization of computers and software, allowing the user interface of a computer and its software to communicate in the Russian language using Cyrillic script.

Problems associated with Russification before the advent of Unicode included the absence of a single character-encoding standard for Cyrillic.

Internationalization and localization
In computing, internationalization and localization (American) or internationalisation and localisation (Commonwealth), often abbreviated i18n and l10n respectively, are means of adapting to different languages, regional peculiarities and technical requirements of a target locale.

Internationalization is the process of designing a software application so that it can be adapted to various languages and regions without engineering changes. Localization is the process of adapting internationalized software for a specific region or language by translating text and adding locale-specific components.

Localization (which is potentially performed multiple times, for different locales) uses the infrastructure or flexibility provided by internationalization (which is ideally performed only once before localization, or as an integral part of ongoing development).
Noam (political party)
Noam (Hebrew: נעם, lit. 'Pleasantness'; officially known as Lazuz) is a far-right fundamentalist and theocratic Orthodox Jewish, Religious Zionist political party in Israel, officially established in July 2019 by an extreme conservative faction in the Religious Zionist community inspired by Rabbi Zvi Thau and his Har Hamor yeshiva. The party's main goal is to advance policies against LGBT rights, and against what its backers call "the destruction of the family". Avi Maoz, the party's leader, was elected to the Knesset in 2021, and is the party's sole representative.

Religious Zionist Party
The Religious Zionist Party (Hebrew: הציונות הדתית, romanized: HaTzionut HaDatit, lit. 'The Religious Zionism'), known as Tkuma (Hebrew: תקומה, lit. 'Revival') until 2021 and officially known as National Union–Tkuma (Hebrew: האיחוד הלאומי-תקומה, HaIchud HaLeumi–Tkuma), was a far-right, ultra-nationalist, Jewish supremacist, and religious Zionist political party in Israel. In all the elections since its founding in 1998, the party had joined other factions and competed as part of a united list. In 2023, the Religious Zionist Party and The Jewish Home agreed to merge to become National Religious Party–Religious Zionism.
Young Cartoonist of the Year Award
The Young Cartoonists Awards, also known as the Young Cartoonist of the Year Award, is an annual award ceremony hosted by the Cartoon Museum in London in association with the British Cartoonists' Association, awards being given to the best young cartoonists, in the category of Under 18 and Under 30. The judging and awards ceremonies are hosted at the Cartoon Museum. A number of past winners have gone on to enjoy successful careers in cartooning, including Ella Baron and Will McPhail.

The Cartoon Museum
The Cartoon Museum is a London museum for British cartoons, caricatures and comic strips, owned and operated by the Cartoon Art Trust (Registered Charity 327 978). It has a library of over 5,000 books and 4,000 comics. The museum issues catalogues and features a changing display of over 250 exhibits from its collection of over 4,000 original cartoons and prints. The museum is "dedicated to preserving the best of British cartoons, caricatures, comics and animation, and to establishing a museum with a gallery, archives and innovative exhibitions to make the creativity of cartoon art past and present, accessible to all for the purposes of education, research and enjoyment.".
John and Phyllis Murphy
John and Phyllis Murphy were architects in Australia. Phyllis was also known for her work with wallpaper design and restoration.

The Murphys completed a number of conservation projects through the National Trust (Victoria) in the 1960s and 1970s. Their most notable design work was created during the 1950s, some examples of which are in their home city, Melbourne, including the 1956 Olympic pool.

John Murphy died in 2004. Phyllis Murphy died in 2025

Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Centre
The Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Centre (originally known as the Swimming and Diving Stadium and now known commercially as the KGM Centre) is a sports administration and training facility located in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct in Melbourne, Australia. The facility opened in 1956 as an aquatic centre for the 1956 Olympic Games. In 1983, the Olympic-sized pool was replaced with a parquetry floor and the facility became Melbourne's home of numerous basketball events until 1998, most notably as the home venue for several National Basketball League teams including the North Melbourne Giants and Melbourne Tigers. The venue served as Melbourne's primary indoor concert arena from 1984 to 1988, until completion of the Rod Laver Arena.

The centre is the administrative and training headquarters of the Collingwood Football Club, who also train on the adjacent Olympic Park Oval.