hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
63rd Parachute Brigade
The 63rd Parachute Brigade (Serbian: 63. падобранска бригада, romanized: 63. padobranska brigada) is an airborne and special reconnaissance unit, one of two special forces brigades (other being 72nd Brigade for Special Operations) of the Serbian Armed Forces. It is under the command of the General Staff and is based at Niš Air Base.

Formed in 1953, it was the elite unit of both Yugoslav People's Army and Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro. Reconfigured in 2006 to a battalion within a newly formed Serbian Armed Forces, the "63rd" regained the status of a brigade in 2019.

72nd Brigade for Special Operations
The 72nd Brigade for Special Operations (Serbian: 72. бригада за специјалне операције, romanized: 72. brigada za specijalne operacije) is a special forces unit, one of two special forces brigades (other being 63rd Parachute Brigade) of the Serbian Armed Forces. It is under the command of the General Staff and is based at Pančevo.

Formed in 1992, it was the elite unit of the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro. Reconfigured in 2006 to a battalion within a newly-formed Serbian Armed Forces, the "72nd" regained the status of a brigade in 2019.
Crotalus (instrument)
A crotalus (Spanish: matraca), also known as a crotalum or clapper, is a wooden liturgical rattle or clapper that replaces altar bells during the celebration of the Tridentine Paschal Triduum at the end of Lent in the Catholic Church. It is also occasionally used during the celebration of the Ordinary Form Roman Missal during the Paschal Triduum, but its popularity decreased following the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council. The crotalus is also used by some Lutheran and the Episcopal Church congregations.

Ratchet (instrument)
A ratchet or rattle, more specifically,  cog rattle is a musical instrument of the percussion family and a warning/signaling device. It operates on the principle of the ratchet device, using a gearwheel and a stiff board mounted on a handle, which rotates freely. Variants include the gragger (Yiddish: גראַגער) used in Judaism, the crotalus, the rapach, and the raganella.
John King (comics)
John King is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the cousin of Hood.

Manny Montana portrayed the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney+ series Ironheart (2025).

Hood (Marvel Comics)
The Hood (Parker Robbins) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Brian K. Vaughan and artists Kyle Hotz and Eric Powell, the character first appeared in Hood #1 (July 2002). Robbins was originally a petty criminal. He defeated and robbed a Nisanti demon of its hood and boots, which granted him superhuman abilities such as levitation and invisibility. The Hood is a well-known figure in the New York City criminal underworld, in which he forms his own crime syndicate.

Anthony Ramos portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney+ series Ironheart (2025).
Aortic arch
The aortic arch, arch of the aorta, or transverse aortic arch (English:  /eɪˈɔːrtɪk/) is the part of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. The arch travels backward, so that it ultimately runs to the left of the trachea.

Descending aorta
In human anatomy, the descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery, situated in the chest. It is the continued portion of the aorta immediately following the aortic arch.

The descending aorta begins at the aortic arch and runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta anatomically consists of two portions or segments, the thoracic and the abdominal aorta, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the pelvis and, eventually, the legs.

The ductus arteriosus connects to the junction between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta in foetal life. This artery later regresses as the ligamentum arteriosum.
Koolhoven
N.V. Koolhoven was an aircraft manufacturer based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. From its conception in 1926 to its destruction in the Blitzkrieg in May 1940, the company remained the second major Dutch aircraft manufacturer (after Fokker). Although many of its aircraft were as unsuccessful economically as they were brilliant from a design standpoint, the company managed to score several 'hits', amongst them the FK-58 single-seat monoplane fighter, the FK-50 twin-engine passenger transport, and the FK-41, built in England under licence by Desoutter.

Koolhoven F.K.58
The Koolhoven F.K.58 was a single engine, interceptor-fighter aircraft designed and mainly manufactured by N V Koolhoven in the Netherlands under contract by France. Intended for Armée de l'Air use, the F.K.58 saw limited service in the Battle of France.
Tathra, New South Wales
Tathra (/tɑːθrə/) is a seaside town on the Sapphire Coast found on the South Coast, New South Wales, Australia. As of the 2016 census census, Tathra had a population of 1,675.

Nearby points of interest are the Old Tathra Wharf, Mimosa Rocks National Park and Bournda National Park. Mimosa Rocks National Park starts at the northern end of Tathra Beach and runs north for about 16 km. It has five access roads from the Tathra-Bermagui main road. Bournda National Park starts at Kianinny Bay, at the southern end of Tathra, and runs south for about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi). There is a walking track near the coast, along most of its length.

The Bega River flows into the sea at the northern end of Tathra Beach, which is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long.

Tathra is said to mean "beautiful country" or "place of wild cats" in a local Aboriginal dialect.

Bega Valley Shire
The Bega Valley Shire is a local government area located adjacent to the south-eastern coastline of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was formed in 1981 with the amalgamation of the Municipality of Bega, Imlay Shire and Mumbulla Shire, with its name deriving from the town of Bega. The shire is also known as the Sapphire Coast for tourism and marketing purposes. During the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, the area was devastated by fire, with 448 houses being destroyed by fire and approximately 365,000 hectares burned, which is 58% of the Shire's total land mass.

The estimated population as at the 2021 census was 35,942.

The current mayor is Russell Fitzpatrick, an independent who joined the Liberal Party in 2023.
Diamond Jim
Diamond Jim is a 1935 biographical film based on the published biography Diamond Jim Brady by Parker Morell. It follows the life of legendary entrepreneur James Buchanan Brady, including his romance with entertainer Lillian Russell, and stars Edward Arnold, Jean Arthur, Cesar Romero and Binnie Barnes.

The screenplay by Preston Sturges never lets the lurid facts of Brady's life get in the way of the story. Edward Arnold went on to play Diamond Jim Brady again five years later, opposite Alice Faye in Lillian Russell.

Lillian Russell (film)
Lillian Russell is a 1940 American biographical film of the life of the singer and actress. The screenplay was by William Anthony McGuire. The film was directed by Irving Cummings and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. It stars Alice Faye in the title role, Don Ameche, Henry Fonda and Edward Arnold as Diamond Jim Brady.

Richard Day and Joseph C. Wright were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction, Black-and-White.
Craccum
Craccum is a student magazine of the University of Auckland, owned and operated by the Auckland University Students' Association (AUSA) in New Zealand. It was founded in 1927 and the name originated from the scrambled acronym of "Auckland University College Men's Common Room Committee". Craccum is a member of the Aotearoa Student Press Association (ASPA).

Auckland University Students' Association
The Auckland University Students' Association (Māori: Te Rōpū Kahikatea), also known as AUSA, represents students at the University of Auckland. Founded in 1891, AUSA organises student events, publicises student issues, administers student facilities, and assists affiliated student clubs and societies. It also produces Craccum magazine and runs the bFM radio station.

The constitution of the AUSA centres the organisation around student advocacy and the provision of welfare services. AUSA has 27,000 members out of 42,000 equivalent full-time students enrolled at the University of Auckland.
Mary Dickens
Mary "Mamie" Dickens (6 March 1838 – 23 July 1896) was the eldest daughter of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. She wrote a book of reminiscences about her father, and in conjunction with her aunt, Georgina Hogarth, she edited the first collection of his letters.

Georgina Hogarth
Georgina Hogarth (22 January 1827 – 19 April 1917) was the sister-in-law, housekeeper, and adviser of English novelist Charles Dickens and the editor of three volumes of his collected letters after his death.
Mon frère, ce terroriste
Mon frère, ce terroriste ("My brother, that terrorist") is a book written by Mohamed Sifaoui and Abdelghani Merah, the elder brother of Mohammed Merah, who murdered seven people, including three Jewish children at a school in Toulouse. Abdelghani said he wrote the book to counteract the veneration of his brother by some young French Muslims, and in it, he denounces his family for fostering an "atmosphere of racism and hatred" that led to Mohammed's radicalisation and eventual attacks.

Mohammed Merah
Mohammed Merah (Arabic: محمد مراح; 10 October 1988 – 22 March 2012) was a French jihadist who admitted to killing seven people, including three children, in several shootings in southwestern France in March 2012. He was killed following a police siege and standoff.
WCTC
WCTC (1450 AM "Fox Sports New Jersey") is a commercial radio station broadcasting a sports radio format. Licensed to New Brunswick, New Jersey, the station serves Middlesex, Somerset, and Union counties. The station is owned by Beasley Broadcast Group (through Beasley Media Group, LLC).  It is the radio home for Rutgers University athletic events and Somerset Patriots Minor League Baseball games. It is the radio affiliate for New York Knicks basketball and New York Rangers hockey.

WCTC transmits with 1,000 watts, non-directional. It formerly broadcast in C-QUAM AM stereo. The transmitter is off Valentine Street at South 5th Avenue in Highland Park, New Jersey, near the Raritan River.  Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator W228DY at 93.5 MHz in New Brunswick.

Beasley Broadcast Group
Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc., based in Naples, Florida, is an owner/operator of radio stations in the United States.  As of February 2026, the company owns 49 stations under the Beasley Media Group name.
History of slavery in Utah
Slavery as it occurred in the borders of what is now the state of Utah has a complicated history. Under Spanish and Mexican rule, Utah was a major source of illegal slave raids by Mexican, Ute and Navajo slave traders, particularly on Paiute tribes. When Mormon pioneers entered Utah, they introduced African slavery and provided a local market for Indian slavery.  After the Mexican–American War, Utah became part of the United States and slavery was officially legalized in Utah Territory on February 4, 1852, with the passing of the Act in Relation to Service. It was repealed on June 19, 1862, when Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories.

Act in Relation to Service
The Act in Relation to Service, which was passed on February 4, 1852, in the Utah Territory, made slavery legal in the territory.  A similar law, Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners was passed on March 7, 1852, and specifically dealt with Indian slavery.
Taizō Ishizaka
Taizō Ishizaka (石坂 泰三, Ishizaka Taizō; June 3, 1886 – March 6, 1975) was a leading Japanese businessman  and President of the Japanese Federation of Economic Organizations (now the Japan Business Federation) who served as Chairman of the National Board of the Boy Scouts of Japan.

Scout Association of Japan
The Scout Association of Japan (ボーイスカウト日本連盟, Bōi Sukauto Nihon Renmei) is the major Scouting organization of Japan. Starting with boys only, the organization was known as Boy Scouts of Japan from 1922 to 1971, and as Boy Scouts of Nippon from 1971 to 1995, when it became coeducational in all sections, leading to neutral naming. Scouting activity decreased radically during World War II but slowly recovered; membership at the end of May 2017 was 99,779.
Johnny Dunn
Johnny Dunn (February 19, 1897 – August 20, 1937) was an American traditional jazz trumpeter and vaudeville performer, who was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He is probably best known for his work during the 1920s with musicians such as Perry Bradford or Noble Sissle. He has been compared in sound and style to both King Oliver and Louis Armstrong. In 1922, he recorded as a member of Mamie Smith's Jazz Hounds, together with Garvin Bushell, Coleman Hawkins, Everett Robbins, Bubber Miley and Herb Flemming.

Garvin Bushell
Garvin Bushell (né Garvin Lamont Payne; September 25, 1902 – October 31, 1991) was an American clarinetist, saxophonist, and bassoonist. He performed with many prominent 20th-century jazz musicians, including Jelly Roll Morton and John Coltrane.
Menkheperre
Menkheperre, son of Pinedjem I by wife Duathathor-Henuttawy (daughter of Ramesses XI by wife Tentamon), was the High Priests of Amun at Thebes in ancient Egypt from 1045 BC to 992 BC and ruler of the south of the country.

Pinedjem I
Pinedjem I (died 1032 BC) was ruler of Southern Egypt as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 to 1055 BC, and nominal pharaoh alongside Smendes from 1054 to 1032 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from Piankh to Herihor to Pinedjem I.
Thermaikos
Thermaikos (Greek: Θερμαϊκός) is a suburban municipality of the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Greece. It consists of the municipal units Thermaikos, Epanomi and Michaniona. The municipal unit Thermaikos is subdivided into the communities Peraia, Neoi Epivates and Agia Triada. The municipality Thermaikos has an area of 133.41 km2 and the municipal unit Thermaikos has an area of 20.300 km2. Thermaikos stretches for 10 km along the southeastern coast of the Thermaic Gulf. The seat of the municipality is in Peraia.

Michaniona
Michaniona (Greek: Μηχανιώνα) was a former municipality in the Thessaloniki regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, the town/suburb is part of the municipality of Thermaikos, of which it is a municipal unit. Population 10,784 (2021). The municipal unit has an area of 21.569 km2. The seat of the municipality was in Nea Michaniona. The other communities in the municipal unit are Angelochori and Nea Kerasia. Michaniona is located near the site of the ancient city of Aenea.

The town was settled by Greek refugees from the original Michaniona on the Cyzicus peninsula in the Sea of Marmara.
Klaw (character)
Klaw (Ulysses Klaue) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as a human physicist who has been transformed into solid sound, and who wears a sonic emitter on his right wrist as a prosthetic device. He is often in conflict with the Fantastic Four and the Avengers, and he is also an enemy of the Black Panther and Ka-Zar.

The character is featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as arcade and video games, animated television series, and merchandise such as trading cards. Andy Serkis portrays Klaue in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Black Panther (2018), and the Disney+ series What If...? (2021).

Ka-Zar (Kevin Plunder)
Kevin Reginald Plunder, also known as Ka-Zar, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The X-Men #10 (March 1965). Kevin Plunder is the second character to use the codename Ka-Zar.
Black People's Convention
The Black People's Convention (BPC) was a national coordinating body for the Black Consciousness movement of South Africa. Envisaged as a broad-based counterpart to the South African Students' Organisation, the BPC was active in organising resistance to apartheid from its establishment in 1972 until it was banned in late 1977.

South African Students' Organisation
The South African Students' Organisation (SASO) was a body of black South African university students who resisted apartheid through non-violent political action. The organisation was formed in 1969 under the leadership of Steve Biko and Barney Pityana and made vital contributions to the ideology and political leadership of the Black Consciousness Movement. It was banned by the South African government in October 1977, as part of the repressive state response to the Soweto uprising.
Hermitian adjoint
In mathematics, specifically in operator theory, each linear operator  on an inner product space defines a Hermitian adjoint (or adjoint) operator  on that space according to the rule

where  is the inner product on the vector space.

The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian after Charles Hermite.  It is often denoted by A† in fields like physics, especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics.  In finite dimensions where operators can be represented by matrices, the Hermitian adjoint is given by the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose).

The above definition of an adjoint operator extends verbatim to bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces .  The definition has been further extended to include unbounded densely defined operators, whose domain is topologically dense in, but not necessarily equal to,

Densely defined operator
In mathematics – specifically, in operator theory – a densely defined operator or partially defined operator is a type of partially defined function. In a topological sense, it is a linear operator that is defined "almost everywhere".  Densely defined operators often arise in functional analysis as operations that one would like to apply to a larger class of objects than those for which they a priori "make sense".

A closed operator that is used in practice is often densely defined.
First Nations Lacrosse Association
First Nations Lacrosse Association (FNLA; formerly Iroquois Lacrosse Association) is a member of Lacrosse Canada with associations in both Canada and the United States centred in Native American Communities.

In addition to youth associations, the FNLA also sanctions three men's box lacrosse leagues: Can-Am Senior B Lacrosse League, Three Nations Senior Lacrosse League, and First Nations Junior B Lacrosse League.

The FNLA does not oversee the five Haudenosaunee Nationals international teams, the Haudenosaunee men's national lacrosse team, the Haudenosaunee men's national under-19 lacrosse team, the Haudenosaunee women's national lacrosse team, the Haudenosaunee women's national under-19 lacrosse team, and the Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team. These teams are recognized by World Lacrosse for international competition, making them the only indigenous peoples' national teams sanctioned in any sport.

First Nations Junior B Lacrosse League
The First Nations Junior B Lacrosse League (formerly Iroquois Nations Junior B Lacrosse League) is a box lacrosse league sanctioned by the First Nations Lacrosse Association. The league was formed in 2014 with the restructuring of the Canadian Lacrosse Association. Four teams competed in the inaugural season.

The league winner earns a spot in the Founders' Cup, the national championship of Junior B lacrosse in North America.
NOAAS John N. Cobb
NOAA Ship John N. Cobb (R 552) was a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research vessel in commission from 1970 to 2008. She was named for John Nathan Cobb and was the oldest commissioned ship in the NOAA fleet when she was decommissioned, having previously served in the United States Department of the Interior′s Fish and Wildlife Service from 1950 to 1956 and in the United States Fish and Wildlife Service′s Bureau of Commercial Fisheries from 1956 to 1970 as US FWS John N. Cobb (FWS 1601).

Office of Marine and Aviation Operations
The Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO) is a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which operates a wide variety of specialized ships and aircraft to carry out the environmental and scientific missions of NOAA.
OPN5
Opsin-5, also known as G-protein coupled receptor 136 or neuropsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPN5 gene.  Opsin-5 is a member of the opsin subfamily of the G protein-coupled receptors. It is a photoreceptor protein sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. The OPN5 gene was discovered in mouse and human genomes and its mRNA expression was also found in neural tissues. Neuropsin is bistable at 0 °C and activates a UV-sensitive, heterotrimeric G protein Gi-mediated pathway in mammalian and avian tissues.

Opsin
Animal opsins are G-protein-coupled receptors and a group of proteins made light-sensitive via a chromophore, typically retinal. When bound to retinal, opsins become retinylidene proteins, but are usually still called opsins regardless. Most prominently, they are found in photoreceptor cells of the retina. Five classical groups of opsins are involved in vision, mediating the conversion of a photon of light into an electrochemical signal, the first step in the visual transduction cascade. Another opsin found in the mammalian retina, melanopsin, is involved in circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex but not in vision. Humans have in total nine opsins. Beside vision and light perception, opsins may also sense temperature, sound, or chemicals.
Alto recorder
The alto recorder in F, also known as a treble (and, historically, as consort flute and common flute) is a member of the recorder family. Up until the 17th century the alto instrument was normally in G4 instead of F4. Its standard range is F4 to G6.

The alto is between the soprano and tenor in size, and is correspondingly intermediate in pitch. It has the same general shape as a soprano, but is larger in all dimensions, resulting in a lower pitch for a given fingering.

The F alto is a non-transposing instrument, though its basic scale is in F, that is, a fifth lower than the soprano recorder and a fourth higher than the tenor (both with a basic scale in C). So-called F fingerings are therefore used, as with the bassoon or the low register of the clarinet, in contrast to the C fingerings used for most other woodwinds. Its notation is usually at sounding pitch, but sometimes is written an octave lower than it sounds.

Tenor recorder
The tenor recorder is a member of the recorder family. It has the same form as a soprano (or descant) recorder and an alto (or treble) recorder, but it produces a lower sound than either; a still lower sound is produced by the bass recorder and great bass recorder.

The tenor recorder, like the soprano recorder, is tuned in C, but is pitched an octave lower. Because of its larger size, many tenors have keys to make it easier to play the lowest C and C♯, and occasionally D and D♯.

In modern notation, the tenor is written at sounding pitch, unlike most of the other recorder sizes, which (except sometimes the alto) are written an octave lower or higher than they sound.