hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalle Holmberg
Karl Albin Elis "Kalle" Holmberg (born 3 March 1993) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Örebro SK. He was the topscorer during the 2017 Allsvenskan season, which earned him a call-up to the Sweden national team.

2017 Allsvenskan
The 2017 Allsvenskan, part of the 2017 Swedish football season, is the 93rd season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. The season began on 1 April 2017 and ended on 5 November the same year. Fixtures for the 2017 season were announced on 9 December 2016. A total of 16 teams participated.

Malmö FF were the defending champions after winning the title in the previous season. Malmö FF won the Swedish championship this season, their 23rd Allsvenskan title and 20th Swedish championship overall, in the 27th round on 16 October 2017 when they won 3–1 in the away fixture against IFK Norrköping at Östgötaporten.
Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui
Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui, FPAS, NI, HI, SI (Urdu: محمد رضی الدین صدیقی, [rəzɪ.ʊd̪ːiːn sɪˈd̪ːiːqi]; 8 January 1908 – 8 January 1998), also known as Dr. Razi, was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and a mathematician who played a role in Pakistan's education system, and Pakistan's indigenous development of nuclear weapons. An educationist and a scientist, Siddiqui established educational research institutes and universities in his country.

During the 1940s in Europe, he contributed in mathematical physics and worked on general relativity and the theory of relativity, nuclear energy, and quantum gravity. He was one of the notable students of Albert Einstein.

He had been the vice-chancellor of four Pakistani universities, and the first vice-chancellor of Quaid-e-Azam University and served as the Emeritus professor of Physics there until his death in 1998.

Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اکادمی برائے سائنس) (abbreviated as: PAS), is a learned society of sciences, which described itself as "a repository of the highest scientific talent available in the country."

Established in 1953 in Lahore, Punjab, the academy acts as a consultative forum and scientific advisor to the Pakistan government on important aspects on the affairs of all forms of science– the social and physical sciences. Regulating affairs of by its Charter and laws approved by the fellows, the academy is governed by a council that is chaired by its President.

Due to its utmost importance, the fellowship of the academy is extremely restricted, only to the scholars of the high merit who have made outstanding contributions to the advancement of scientific knowledge.
Aya Medany
Aya Medany (Arabic: آیة مدني; born November 20, 1988) is an Egyptian modern pentathlete. She made her Olympic début at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, as the youngest competitor both in the Egyptian team and competing in the pentathlon.

Egypt at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Egypt was represented at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China by the Egyptian Olympic Committee.

In total, 100 athletes including 74 men and 26 women represented Egypt in 19 different sports including archery, athletics, badminton, boxing, equestrian, fencing, gymnastics, handball, judo, modern pentathlon, rowing, shooting, swimming, synchronised swimming, table tennis, taekwondo, volleyball, weightlifting and wrestling.

Egypt won two medals at the Games after Abeer Abdelrahman and Hesham Mesbah won bronze in the women's weightlifting and men's judo, respectively.
Seoul Bank
Seoul Bank (Korean: 서울은행), known from 1976 to 1995 as Seoul Trust Bank (서울신탁은행), was a major bank in South Korea, originally established as a regional bank in 1959. By the mid-1990s, it was one of the five most prominent Korean banks, together with Chohung Bank, Korea Commercial Bank, Korea First Bank, and Hanil Bank. It was determined to be insolvent during the 1997 Asian financial crisis, however, and was taken over by the Korean authorities, then merged into Hana Bank.

Korea First Bank
Korea First Bank (Korean: 제일은행; Hanja: 第一銀行), sometimes also referred to as Jeil Bank, was a Korean bank that operated between 1929 and 1997.

It was one of five most prominent banks in South Korea by the mid-1990s, together with Chohung Bank, Korea Commercial Bank, Hanil Bank, and Seoul Bank. It was initially established in Korea under Japanese rule in 1929 as the Chōsen Savings Bank (Korean: 조선저축은행), Following the division of Korea, it changed its name in May 1950 to Korea Savings Bank (Korean: 한국저축은행), and in December 1958 to Korea First Bank.

In December 1997, Korea First Bank was determined as insolvent following a bank run. It was subsequently recapitalized by the Korean authorities, and eventually acquired by Standard Chartered in 2005 to become Standard Chartered Korea.
Chu Yong-ha
Chu Yong-ha (Korean: 주영하; Korean pronunciation: [tsu.jʌŋ.ɦa]; 1908 – ?) was a North Korean politician and diplomat. Chu was elected into several posts in the Workers' Party of North Korea, the predecessor of the Workers' Party of Korea, in its early days. Chu was the target of plots ensuing from factional strife within the party. As a member of the Domestic faction, Chu was opposed by the Guerrilla, Soviet and Yan'an factions.

During the Korean War, Chu was North Korea's ambassador to Moscow. After the war, a fictitious plot against Kim Il Sung was "uncovered" in a show trial. Among the claims against the defendants was overthrowing Kim Il Sung and making Pak Hon-yong the new premier, and Chu one of his vice-premiers.

Workers' Party of North Korea
The Workers' Party of North Korea (Korean: 북조선로동당; Hancha: 北朝鮮勞動黨) was a communist party in North Korea from 1946 to 1949 and was a predecessor of the current Workers' Party of Korea. It was founded at a congress on 28–30 August 1946, by the merger of the northern branch of the Communist Party of Korea and the New People's Party of Korea. Kim Tu-bong, the leader of the New People's Party, was elected chairman of the party, while Chu Yong-ha and Kim Il Sung were elected as vice chairmen. At the time of establishment, the party is believed to have had about 366,000 members organized in around 12,000 party cells.
Altan (band)
Altan are an Irish folk music band formed in County Donegal in 1987 by lead vocalist Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh and her husband Frankie Kennedy. The group were primarily influenced by traditional Irish-language songs from Donegal and have sold over a million records.

The group were among the first traditional Irish groups to be signed to a major label when they signed with Virgin Records in 1994. The group has collaborated with Dolly Parton, Enya, the Chieftains, Bonnie Raitt, Alison Krauss, and many others.

Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh
Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh (Irish pronunciation: [ˈmˠaɾʲeːd̪ˠ n̠ʲiː ˈwiːn̪ˠiː]; born 26 July 1959) is an Irish fiddler and the lead vocalist for the Irish folk music band Altan, which she co-founded with her husband Frankie Kennedy in 1987. Ní Mhaonaigh is recognised as a leading exponent in the Donegal fiddle tradition, and she is often considered one of the foremost singers in the Irish language, her native tongue. She was part of the Irish supergroup T with the Maggies who performed in January 2009 at Temple Bar TradFest in Dublin their first ever two concerts under that name and who released in October 2010 their debut (and to date only) album. After nearly 22 years with Altan, on 28 December 2008 Ní Mhaonaigh premiered in Gweedore (during the Frankie Kennedy Winter Music School) her debut solo album Imeall which was later released worldwide in February 2009. After 29 years with Altan,  in October 2016 Ní Mhaonaigh released her alternate band Na Mooneys' debut album Na Mooneys.
Tilt–shift photography
Tilt–shift photography is the use of camera movements that change the orientation or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

Sometimes the term is used when a shallow depth of field is simulated with digital post-processing; the name may derive from a perspective control lens (or tilt–shift lens) normally required when the effect is produced optically.

"Tilt–shift" encompasses two different types of movements: rotation of the lens plane relative to the image plane, called tilt, and movement of the lens parallel to the image plane, called shift.

Tilt is used to control the orientation of the plane of focus (PoF), and hence the part of an image that appears sharp; it makes use of the Scheimpflug principle. Shift is used to adjust the position of the subject in the image area without moving the camera back; this is often helpful in avoiding the convergence of parallel lines, as when photographing tall buildings.

Scheimpflug principle
The Scheimpflug principle is a description of the geometric relationship between the orientation of the plane of focus, the lens plane, and the image plane of an optical system (such as a camera) when the lens plane is not parallel to the image plane. It is applicable to the use of some camera movements on a view camera. It is also the principle used in corneal tomography, often performed prior to refractive eye surgery such as LASIK, and used for early detection of keratoconus. The principle is named after Austrian army Captain Theodor Scheimpflug, who used it in devising a systematic method and apparatus for correcting perspective distortion in aerial photographs, although Captain Scheimpflug himself credits Jules Carpentier with the rule, thus making it an example of Stigler's law of eponymy.
Singorgarh fort
Singorgarh Fort, is a hill-fort located in Damoh district in the Madhya Pradesh state of Central India. It is about 45 km from Jabalpur city, on the way to Damoh town. It is presently under the Archeological Survey of India.

In its peak years, thousands of people lived in the fort, which was spread over large area. Many of its former watch towers are still visible. The fort was attacked in June of 1564 during the invasion of the Garha Kingdom by the Mughal forces. At that time, Rani Durgavati, the ruling Queen of Gondwana, resided there; she later moved to Chouragarh Fort in Narsinghpur.

Garha kingdom
The Garha kingdom, a rajgond rajput clan also called Garha-Mandla or Garha Katanga, was an early-modern-era kingdom in India. It was the first large kingdom to be founded by the Rajput Kings and was based in Central India. The kingdom was founded in the 15th century and lasted until its conquest by the Maratha Confederacy in 1781.

Gond or Rajgond is the oldest Kshatriya dynasty that ruled India since ancient times. They emerged from the ancient Gond clan. They ruled Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Maharashtra, and some part of Telangana.
Land mobile-satellite service
Land mobile-satellite service (short: LMSS; also: Land mobile-satellite radiocommunication service') is – according to Article 1.27 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on land.»

See also

Main articles: Radio station and Radiocommunication service

Mobile satellite service
Mobile-satellite service (MSS, or mobile-satellite radiocommunication service) is – according to Article 1.25 of the International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations
– "A radiocommunication service

between mobile earth stations and one or more space stations, or between space stations used by this service; or

between mobile earth stations by means of one or more space stations.

This service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation."
John Smith (banneret)
Sir John Smith of Skilts (1616–1644) was an Englishman who supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. He is best known for recapturing the Royal Standard at the Battle of Edgehill, a deed for which he was made a knight banneret by King Charles I on the field of battle.

Knight banneret
A knight banneret, sometimes known simply as banneret, was a medieval knight who led a company of troops during time of war under his own banner (which was square-shaped, in contrast to the tapering standard or the pennon flown by the lower-ranking knights) and was eligible to bear supporters in English heraldry. The military rank of a knight banneret was higher than a knight Bachelor (who fought under another's banner), but lower than an earl or duke.

Under English custom the rank of knight banneret could only be conferred by the sovereign on the field of battle. There were some technical exceptions to this; when his standard was on the field of battle he could be regarded as physically present though he was not. His proxy could be regarded as a sufficient substitution for his presence. The wife of a banneret was styled as banneress.
Zoo Tycoon DS
Zoo Tycoon DS is a 2005 construction and management simulation game developed by Altron and published by THQ for the Nintendo DS. It is based on the PC game Zoo Tycoon. A sequel to the game, titled Zoo Tycoon 2 DS, was released in 2008.

Zoo Tycoon
Zoo Tycoon is a series of business simulation video games in which the player is tasked with building and running a successful zoo. The series was initially developed by Blue Fang Games and published by Microsoft Studios who later in 2001–2008 went on to create two stand-alone video games and seven expansion packs for PC and Macintosh platforms. In 2013, Microsoft Studios released a new Zoo Tycoon game, developed by Frontier Developments for Xbox One and Xbox 360. An enhanced version of the Xbox game, Zoo Tycoon: Ultimate Animal Collection, was released for Windows 10 and the Xbox One on October 31, 2017.
Frontier Developments, the developer of the final Zoo Tycoon game, released the spiritual successor to the series, Planet Zoo, in 2019.
John Septimus Roe
John Septimus Roe (8 May 1797 – 28 May 1878) was the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia. He was a renowned explorer, a member of Western Australia's legislative and executive councils for nearly 40 years, but also a participant in the Pinjarra massacre on 28 October 1834.

Surveyor General of Western Australia
The Surveyor General of Western Australia is the person nominally responsible for government surveying in Western Australia.

In the early history of Western Australia, the office of surveyor general was one of the most important public offices. The first surveyor general, John Septimus Roe, was responsible for the laying out of many townsites, including Perth and Fremantle, and played a prominent role in the politics of the day.  Another surveyor general, John Forrest, became Premier of Western Australia, and later a Cabinet minister in Australia's first federal government.

In modern times, the position of surveyor general has diminished in importance. It remains a statutory office, and is housed within the current agency named Landgate.
Robert Orville Anderson
Robert Orville Anderson (April 12, 1917 – December 2, 2007) was an American businessman, art collector, and philanthropist who founded Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO). Anderson also supported several cultural organizations, from the Los Angeles County Museum of Art to Harper's Magazine. He died December 2, 2007, at his home in Roswell, New Mexico.

Anderson turned ARCO into the United States' sixth-largest oil company by the time he left in 1986 due to mandatory retirement. He was by then the largest individual landowner in the United States, with ranches and other holdings in Texas and New Mexico amounting to some 2,000 square miles (5,200 km2) and a personal fortune estimated at $200 million.

ARCO
ARCO (/ˈɑːrkoʊ/ AR-koh) is a brand of gasoline stations owned by Marathon Petroleum. BP, which formerly owned the brand, uses it in California, Oregon and Washington, while Marathon has rights for the rest of the United States and Mexico.

ARCO was established in 1966 as the Atlantic Richfield Company, an independent oil and gas company formed from the merger of Atlantic Petroleum and the Richfield Oil Corporation.
The Emperor's New Drugs
The Emperor's New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth is a 2009 book by Irving Kirsch, arguing that the chemical imbalance theory of depression is wrong and that antidepressants have little or no direct effect on depression but, because of their common or serious side-effects, they are powerful active placebos.

Irving Kirsch
Irving Kirsch (born March 7, 1943) is an American psychologist and academic. He is the Associate Director of the Program in Placebo Studies and a lecturer in medicine at the Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.  He is also professor emeritus of psychology at the Universities of Hull and Plymouth in the United Kingdom, and the University of Connecticut in the United States. Kirsch is a leading researcher within the field of placebo studies who is noted for his work on placebo effects, antidepressants, expectancy, and hypnosis.  He is the originator of response expectancy theory, and his analyses of clinical trials of antidepressants have influenced official treatment guidelines in the United Kingdom. He is the author of the 2009 book The Emperor's New Drugs, which argued most antidepressant medication is effective primarily due to placebo effects.
Glenugie Peak
Glenugie Peak, also known as Mount Elaine or as Glen Ugie Peak, is a mountain that forms part of the ridge surrounding the Clarence Moreton Basin. It is situated in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, and has an elevation of 316 metres (1,037 ft) above sea level. The mountain is located near the Pacific Highway, south of the town of Grafton and approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west north-west of the locality of Calamia.

Glenugie Peak is known as Gunayjun to the local Gumbaynggirr people.

Clarence Moreton Basin
The Clarence Moreton Basin is a Mesozoic sedimentary basin on the easternmost part of the Australian continent.  It is located in the far north east of the state of New South Wales around Lismore and Grafton and in the south east corner of Queensland.  It is the part of the Great Artesian Basin that extends to the east coast in Australia's central eastern lowlands.
Empiric school
The Empiric school of medicine (Empirics, Empiricists, or Empirici, Greek: Ἐμπειρικοί) was a school of medicine founded in Alexandria the middle of the third century BC. The school was a major influence on ancient Greek and Roman medicine. The school's name is derived from the word empeiria (ἐμπειρία "experience") because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school. Serapion of Alexandria, and Philinus of Cos, are regarded as the founders of this school in the 3rd century BC. Other physicians who belonged to this sect were: Apollonius of Citium, Glaucias, Heraclides, Bacchius, Zeuxis, Menodotus, Theodas, Herodotus of Tarsus, Aeschrion, Sextus Empiricus, and Marcellus Empiricus. The sect survived a long time, as Marcellus lived in the 4th century AD. The doctrines of this school are described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the introduction to his De Medicina.

Menodotus of Nicomedia
Menodotus of Nicomedia (Greek: Μηνόδοτος ὁ Νικομηδεύς; 2nd century CE),  in Bithynia, was a physician; a pupil of Antiochus of Laodicea; and tutor to Herodotus of Tarsus. He belonged to the Empiric school, and lived probably about the beginning of the 2nd century CE. He refuted some of the opinions of Asclepiades of Bithynia, and was exceedingly severe against the Dogmatic school. He enjoyed a considerable reputation in his day, and is several times quoted and mentioned by Galen. He appears to have written some works which are quoted by Diogenes Laërtius, but are not now extant.
Charles Moir
Charles Robert Moir (November 29, 1930 – November 14, 2019) was an American college basketball coach.  He was the head coach of the Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball team from 1976 until his resignation in October 1987.  During his 11  seasons at Virginia Tech, Moir's Hokies compiled a 213–119 record. He was forced to resign after the discovery of severe NCAA violations.  Including his time at Tech and coaching stints in high school and at Roanoke College and Tulane University, Moir compiled a career record of 616–238 in his 31 seasons as a high school and college head coach.

He was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame (the state-wide organization that honors sports figures who were either from Virginia, or contributed to teams from the state) in 2000.

Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball
The Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference. Home games are played at Cassell Coliseum, located on Virginia Tech's campus in Blacksburg, Virginia.

The Hokies have made the NCAA tournament 13 times, the most recent appearance coming in 2022. They have reached the Sweet Sixteen twice, in 1967 and 2019. They advanced to the Elite Eight once, in 1967.

The Hokies won the ACC Tournament title in 2022, the Metro Conference tournament title in 1979, the Southern Conference regular season championship in 1959–60, and two National Invitation Tournament titles in 1973 and 1995.
Veerse Gatdam
The Veerse Gatdam is a man-made barrier across the former Eastern Scheldt estuary branch known as the Veerse Gat, between Walcheren and Noord-Beveland islands in Zeeland, Netherlands. The barrier was completed on 27 April 1961. Because of the completion of this barrier and the completion of the Zandkreekdam a year prior on the eastern end of the waterway, the Veerse Meer was created. The Veerse Gatdam is the third structure constructed as part of the Delta Works water management system. The N57 motorway runs along the top of the barrier.

Walcheren
Walcheren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɑlxərə(n)] ⓘ) is a region and former island in the Dutch province of Zeeland at the mouth of the Scheldt estuary. It lies between the Eastern Scheldt in the north and the Western Scheldt in the south and is roughly the shape of a rhombus. The two sides facing the North Sea consist of dunes and the rest of its coastline is made up of dykes. Middelburg, the provincial capital, lies at Walcheren's centre. Vlissingen, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the south, is the main harbour and the third municipality is Veere.

Originally, Walcheren was an island, but the Sloedam, constructed in 1871 for a railway, and poldering after World War II have connected it to the (former) island of Zuid-Beveland, which in turn was connected to the North Brabant mainland by the Kreekrakdam (Completed in 1867). The Veerse Gatdam, completed in 1961, has connected Walcheren to Noord-Beveland.
Funny Little Animals
Funny Little Animals (French: Drôles de petites bêtes) is a series of children's books written by French illustrator and writer Antoon Krings and published by Gallimard Jeunesse. Taking place in a shared universe, each book centres around a different anthropomorphic insect or small mammal, with some reoccurring characters appearing in different books. Krings gives each character a distinct personality that matches what insect or animal they are, often giving them a name that rhymes with the animal that they are. As of 2019, the Funny Little Animals series has sold more than 19 million copies with translations in over twenty languages. The series has been adapted into multiple mediums, including a feature film in 2017 and a television series in 2019.

Tall Tales from the Magical Garden of Antoon Krings
Tall Tales from the Magical Garden of Antoon Krings (French: Drôles de petites bêtes, lit. 'Funny little animals'), also released as simply Tall Tales, is a 2017 French-language 3D animated adventure film written and directed by Antoon Krings and Arnaud Delalande and written by Christel Gonnard, based on the Funny Little Animals series of children's books by Kring. An international co-production between France and Luxembourg, Tall Tales from the Magical Garden of Antoon Krings was produced by Onyx Films and Bidibul Productions. It was released in France on 13 December 2017.