hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tan family of Cirebon
The Tan family of Cirebon was an influential family of government officials, sugar barons and landowners in the Dutch East Indies, particularly in the Residency of Cirebon. They were the preeminent and oldest family of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry in Cirebon all through the 19th and early 20th century.

Cabang Atas
The Cabang Atas (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System: Tjabang Atas)—literally 'upper branch' in Indonesian—was the traditional Chinese establishment or gentry of colonial Indonesia. They were the families and descendants of the Chinese officers, high-ranking colonial civil bureaucrats with the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen. They were referred to as the baba bangsawan (‘Chinese gentry’) in Indonesian, and the ba-poco in Java Hokkien.

As a privileged social class, they exerted a powerful influence on the political, economic and social life of pre-revolutionary Indonesia, in particular on its local Chinese community. Their institutional control of the Chinese officership declined with the colonial ethical policy of the early twentieth century, but their political, economic and social influence lasted until the Indonesian revolution (1945-1950).
Ceylon Defence Force
The Ceylon Defence Force (CDF) was established in 1910 by the Ceylonese legislation Ceylon Defence Force Ordinance, which reformed the Ceylon Volunteer Force (CVF) that existed previously as the military reserve in the British Crown colony of Ceylon. At the time of forming it was only a reserve force but soon developed into a regular force responsible for the defence of Ceylon. The CDF was under the command of the General Officer Commanding, Ceylon of the British Army in Ceylon if mobilised. However mobilisation could be carried out only under orders from the Governor.

Sri Lanka Army Medical Corps
The Sri Lanka Army Medical Corps  (SLAMC) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදා වෛද්‍ය බලකාය Shri Lanka Yuddha Hamuda Vayidya Balakaya) is a specialist corps in the Sri Lanka Army which specializes in military medicine and provides medical services to all army personnel and their families in war and in peace. It is made up of 4 regular units and one volunteer unit. Headquartered in Colombo, formally at army headquarters. The corps Cap badge depicting the Rod of Asclepius. General officers and senior officers of the SLMC wear gorget patches of maroon rather than of scarlet worn by other officers of similar rank.
John Morgan, 6th Baron Tredegar
Frederic Charles John Morgan, 6th Baron Tredegar, OstJ, RYS, (26 October 1908 — 17 November 1962), styled the Honourable John Morgan between 1949 and 1954, was a Welsh peer and landowner. His forebears' lavish spending and disagreement regarding estate planning meant that on his father's succession to the Morgan titles and estates in 1949 their future was uncertain, and £1,000,000 was to be paid in inheritance tax. Although efforts were made to protect the longevity of the estates, the burden of death-duties was too great, forcing Morgan to liquidate the entirety of the family’s estates. John Morgan's death in 1962 saw failure of the male Morgan bloodline, and the extinction of the titles attached to it, bringing an end to a social and political dynasty that had dominated South East Wales for 500 years.

Evan Morgan, 2nd Viscount Tredegar
Evan Frederic Morgan, 2nd Viscount Tredegar (13 July 1893 – 27 April 1949) was a Welsh peer, poet and eccentric. Following the death of his father on 3 May 1934, Morgan became the 2nd Viscount and 4th Baron Tredegar, and the 6th Morgan Baronet. Morgan was also known to his friends as Evan Tredegar.
East Point Football Club
The East Point Football Netball Club is an Australian rules football and netball club. The football squad competes in the Ballarat Football League. The club, originally named "East Point Kangaroos" was formed in 2001 when historical clubs East Ballarat and Golden Point merged.

East Ballarat Football Club
The East Ballarat Football Club was an Australian rules football club which competed in the Ballarat Football League.

First formed in 1885 the club remained a junior club in their district, their senior club being Ballarat Imperial Football Club.

The upheaval of the 1930s in which the Ballarat competition merged with the Wimmera league for three years resulted with the dissolving of the Imperial. Reformed during the WWII the club in 1944 was promoted to the top level BFL competition. They won six premierships in 1949, 1950, 1964, 1989, 1990 & 1993.

They merged with Golden Point in 2001 to form the East Point Football Club.
Statesville Commercial Historic District
Statesville Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina.  It encompasses 54 contributing buildings in the central business district of Statesville.  The district includes notable examples of Late Victorian architecture dated between about 1875 and 1925. Located in the district are the separately listed U.S. Post Office and County Courthouse and Iredell County Courthouse. Other notable buildings include the First A. R. Presbyterian Church, former County Jail, the U. S. Post Office, former Walton and Gage Store (c. 1885), Miller Block (c. 1885), Madison Building, former Merchants and Farmers Bank (1908), former Carolina Motor Company (1916), former Montgomery Ward Store, and former First National Bank.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Iredell County Courthouse
The Iredell County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located at Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina. It was built in 1899, and is a two- to three-story, square Beaux Arts building. It is sheathed in yellow brick and consists of a center five-bay wide three-story block,  topped with a mansard cupola and fronted by a two-story tetrastyle pedimented portico, and flanking one-bay wide two-story wings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located in the Statesville Commercial Historic District.
Avraham Shapira
Avraham Shapira (Hebrew: אברהם אלקנה כהנא שפירא; c. 1910, Jerusalem – 27 September 2007) was a prominent rabbi in the Religious Zionist world. Shapira had been the head of the Rabbinical court of Jerusalem, and both a member and the head of the Supreme Rabbinic Court. He served as the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1983 to 1993. Shapira was the rosh yeshiva of Mercaz haRav in Jerusalem, a position he held since Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook died in 1982.

Mercaz HaRav
Mercaz HaRav (officially, Hebrew: מרכז הרב - הישיבה המרכזית העולמית, "The Center of the Rav [Kook] - the Central Universal Yeshiva") is a national-religious (Hardal) yeshiva in Jerusalem, founded in 1924 by Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. Located in the city's Kiryat Moshe neighborhood, it has become the most prominent religious-Zionist yeshiva in the world and synonymous with Rabbi Kook's teachings. Many Religious Zionist educators and leaders have studied at Mercaz HaRav.
Symphony Services International
Symphony Services International, formerly known as Symphony Australia, is a centralised organisation formed in 1997 for six Australian symphony orchestras: Adelaide, Melbourne, Queensland, Sydney, Tasmania and Western Australia. The orchestras were formerly part of the Concerts Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

Adelaide Symphony Orchestra
The Adelaide Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is a South Australian orchestra based in Adelaide, established in 1936. The orchestra's primary performance venue is the Adelaide Town Hall, but the ASO also performs in other venues. It provides the orchestral support for all productions of the State Opera of South Australia and all Adelaide performances of the Australian Ballet. It also features regularly at the Adelaide Festival, and has performed at the Adelaide Cabaret Festival, WOMAdelaide and several other festivals in Adelaide.
Craniotomy
Craniotomy is a neurosurgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the intracranial space. Craniotomies are often critical operations performed for a range of conditions, including tumors, hemorrhages, and removal of foreign bodies such as bullets.

Craniotomy is distinguished from craniectomy (in which the skull flap is not immediately replaced, allowing the brain to swell, thus reducing intracranial pressure) and from trepanation, the creation of a burr hole through the cranium into the dura mater.

Intracranial hemorrhage
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is  bleeding within the skull. It can result from trauma, vascular abnormalities, hypertension, or other medical conditions. ICH is broadly categorized into several subtypes based on the location of the bleed: intracerebral hemorrhage (including intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages), subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma. Each subtype has distinct causes, clinical features, and treatment approaches.
September Films
September Films is a British independent television and film production company, which is a division of UK independent production and distribution group DCD Media. It specialises in factual entertainment, documentaries and features, reality programming and entertainment formats.

It was founded in 1992 by feature film director David Green, who devised the groundbreaking Hollywood Women series that launched the company, and was acquired in August 2007 by DCD Media.  Having produced over 2,000 hours of primetime television since its creation, September has offices in London and Los Angeles.

In recent years, September Films has expanded into all non-fiction genres and formats with the appointment of a new generation of creative executives.

DCD Media
DCD Media plc (formerly Digital Classics plc) is a UK and US based independent television production and distribution group headquartered in London and with offices in Los Angeles, London and Glasgow. The Group comprises a number of production companies working across all non fiction genres on both sides of the Atlantic, from primetime documentary, factual, factual entertainment and reality to drama documentary.

The production arm is supported by 2 international rights companies – DCD Rights and DCD Publishing. The Company floated on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market in December 1999 and has since then developed through organic growth and acquisitions.
The U.S. Albums
The U.S. Albums is a box set compilation comprising the remastered American albums released by the Beatles between 1964 and 1970. The box set was released on 21 January 2014 in the United States, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Beatles' first trip to the US and first American album from Capitol Records, Meet the Beatles!

Meet the Beatles!
Meet the Beatles! is a studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released as their second album in the United States. It was the group's first American album to be issued by Capitol Records, on 20 January 1964 in both mono and stereo formats. It topped the popular album chart on 15 February 1964 and remained at number one for eleven weeks before being replaced by The Beatles' Second Album. The cover featured Robert Freeman's iconic portrait of the Beatles used in the United Kingdom for With the Beatles, with a blue tint added to the original stark black-and-white photograph. Compared to With the Beatles, Meet the Beatles! dropped five tracks ("Roll Over Beethoven", "You Really Got a Hold on Me", "Devil in Her Heart", "Money (That's What I Want)" and "Please Mr. Postman") and added three others ("I Want to Hold Your Hand", "I Saw Her Standing There" and "This Boy").
Cyrillic numerals
Cyrillic numerals are a numeral system derived from the Cyrillic script, developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the late 10th century. It was used in the First Bulgarian Empire and by South and East Slavic peoples. The system was used in Russia as late as the early 18th century, when Peter the Great replaced it with Hindu-Arabic numerals as part of his civil script reform initiative. Cyrillic numbers played a role in Peter the Great's currency reform plans, too, with silver wire kopecks issued after 1696 and mechanically minted coins issued between 1700 and 1722 inscribed with the date using Cyrillic numerals. By 1725, Russian Imperial coins had transitioned to Arabic numerals. The Cyrillic numerals may still be found in books written in the Church Slavonic language.

Greek numerals
Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, is a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet. In modern Greece, they are still used for ordinal numbers and in contexts similar to those in which Roman numerals are still used in the Western world. For ordinary cardinal numbers, however, modern Greece uses Arabic numerals.
Avermectin
The avermectins are a group of 16-membered macrocyclic lactone derivatives with potent anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. These naturally occurring compounds are generated as fermentation products by Streptomyces avermitilis, a soil actinomycete. Eight different avermectins were isolated in four pairs of homologue compounds (A1, A2, B1, B2), with a major (a-component) and minor (b-component) component usually in ratios of 80:20 to 90:10. Avermectin B1, a mixture of B1a and B1b, is the drug and pesticide abamectin. Other anthelmintics derived from the avermectins include ivermectin, selamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin.

Half of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura for discovering avermectin, "the  derivatives  of which have radically lowered the incidence of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis, as well as showing efficacy against an expanding number of other  parasitic diseases."

Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics, anthelminthics, antihelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals, particularly small ruminants such as goats and sheep.

Anthelmintic medication is also used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries. Anthelmintics are also used for mass deworming of livestock. The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel.
You Wish! (film)
You Wish! is a 2003 American fantasy comedy film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie and based on Jackie French Koller's 1991 novel If I Had One Wish. The film was directed by Paul Hoen; it stars A. J. Trauth, Spencer Breslin, Lalaine and Tim Reid. The film was filmed in Auckland, New Zealand. It was released on January 10, 2003, on the Disney Channel.

Lalaine
Lalaine Vergara-Paras (born June 3, 1987) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and bassist. She is best known for her roles as Miranda Sanchez in Lizzie McGuire, Abby Ramirez in You Wish!, and Kate in the 1999 remake of Annie.

After appearing in the roles of Young Cosette and Éponine in a Broadway musical production of Les Misérables as a child, Lalaine pursued a career in music. She signed with Warner Bros. Records following the end of Lizzie McGuire and released one studio album and one extended play, both of which saw little commercial success.
Mobb Deep
Mobb Deep were an American hip-hop duo formed in Queens, New York, in 1990. Consisting of rappers/songwriters/record producers Prodigy and Havoc, they are considered to be among the most influential artists in East Coast hip-hop. Mobb Deep are one of the most successful rap duos of all time, having sold over three million records. Their best-known albums are The Infamous (1995), Hell on Earth (1996) and Murda Muzik (1999), and their most successful singles were "Shook Ones, (Part II)" and "Survival of the Fittest". They were known for their dark and hardcore delivery.

The duo briefly disbanded in 2012, but reunited the next year.
Prodigy died in June 2017.

Hell on Earth (Mobb Deep album)
Hell on Earth is the third studio album by the American hip-hop duo Mobb Deep, released on November 19, 1996, through Loud and RCA Records. The follow-up to the critically acclaimed The Infamous (1995), Hell on Earth was produced by group member Havoc and features guest appearances from rappers Nas, Raekwon, Method Man, and frequent collaborator Big Noyd, among others. The album includes the acclaimed singles "G.O.D. Pt. III" and "Front Lines (Hell on Earth)," as well as "Drop a Gem on 'Em," a response to 2Pac's diss track "Hit 'Em Up." A promotional single, "Still Shinin'", was released earlier that year and later added to the album.

The album, one of the earliest enhanced CDs, also contains an additional track ("In the Long Run") that at the time, had to be unlocked with the use of a computer. The album garnered widespread acclaim from critics, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on April 9, 1997.
Christ Church (Savannah, Georgia)
Christ Church is an Episcopal church at 28 Bull Street, Johnson Square, in Savannah, Georgia. Founded in 1733, it was the first church established in the Province of Georgia and one of the first parishes within the Episcopal Diocese of Georgia, earning it the nickname "the Mother Church of Georgia". The present church building was constructed in 1838 and is located in the Savannah Historic District.

Episcopal Diocese of Georgia
The Episcopal Diocese of Georgia, USA is one of 20 dioceses that comprise Province IV of the US Episcopal Church, and is a diocese within the worldwide Anglican Communion. The current bishop is Frank S. Logue, who succeeded Scott Anson Benhase on May 30, 2020, when he was consecrated 11th bishop of Georgia at a service held in Christ Church in Savannah, Georgia.

As of November 2019 there were 65 parishes, one aided parish, and four newer worshipping communities in the diocese, with 76 priests and 28 deacons.

In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 3,398 persons.
Kalumbu
The kalumbu, or kalumbo, is a traditional instrument of the Tonga and Ila people of Zambia and Zimbabwe. A single metal-stringed bow played with a stick is lashed onto a calabash gourd that acts as a resonating chamber. The kalumbu player manipulates the resonance of the instrument by moving the gourd toward and away from his or her chest. Though now quite rare in Africa, the kalumbu is considered the predecessor of the Afro-Brazilian berimbau used in Capoeira performances.

A similar instrument, the dende, is played by children in Botswana. The berimbau of Brazil is another similar instrument.

Berimbau
The berimbau (Portuguese pronunciation: [beɾĩˈbaw], borrowed from Kimbundu mbirimbau) is a traditional Angolan musical bow that is commonly used in Brazil. It is also known as sekitulege among the Baganda and Busoga. It consists of a single-stringed bow attached to a gourd resonator and is played with a stick and a coin or stone to create different tones and rhythms. The berimbau was used in many parts of Africa and Brazil during the 19th century to accompany chants and storytelling. It is part of the candomblé tradition, later incorporated into the Afro-Brazilian art capoeira. Until the mid-20th century, it was used almost exclusively within the black community, but after the popularization of capoeira, it gained wider popularity. Today, berimbau is used in various genres of popular music.
Charlotte Area Transit System
The Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) is the agency responsible for public transportation in the Charlotte metropolitan area. Established in 1999, CATS operates bus and rail transit services in Mecklenburg County and surrounding areas.  CATS is governed by the Metropolitan Transit Commission and is operated as a department of the City of Charlotte. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 14,297,800, or about 52,300 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Mecklenburg County (/ˈmɛklənˌbɜːrɡ/) is a county located in the southwestern region of the U.S. state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,115,482, making it the second-most populous county in North Carolina (after Wake County), and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass one million in population.  Its county seat is Charlotte, the state's largest municipality.

Mecklenburg County is the central county of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. On September 12, 2013, it was estimated the county surpassed one million residents.

Like its seat, the county is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of the United Kingdom (1761–1818), whose name is derived from the region of Mecklenburg in Germany. It was named for Mecklenburg Castle (Mecklenburg meaning "large castle" in Low German) in the village of Dorf Mecklenburg.
Fred G. Sanford
Fred G. Sanford is a fictional character portrayed by actor/comedian Redd Foxx on the 1972–1977 NBC sitcom Sanford and Son and the 1980–1981 NBC sitcom Sanford.

Foxx, whose real name was John Elroy Sanford, modeled the character after his real-life older brother, Fred Glenn Sanford, Jr., who had died in 1965, seven years before the show premiered. The role is adapted from Albert Steptoe (Wilfrid Brambell) of the series's forebear, Steptoe and Son. The character Fred is an elderly, widowed, sarcastic, and cantankerous junk and antique dealer. He is the proprietor of "Sanford and Son", a junk and antique dealership which he runs out of his home, along with his son, Lamont. Foxx appeared in all episodes of the series except nine in 1974 (due to a contract dispute Foxx had with NBC).

In 1999, TV Guide ranked him #36 on its list of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time.

Sanford and Son
Sanford and Son is an American sitcom television series that was produced by Tandem Productions and aired on NBC from January 14, 1972, to March 25, 1977. It was based on the British sitcom Steptoe and Son, which initially aired on BBC1, in the United Kingdom, from 1962 to 1974.

Known for its racial humor, running gags, and catchphrases, the series was adapted by Norman Lear and considered NBC's response to CBS's All in the Family. Sanford and Son has been hailed as the precursor to many other Black American sitcoms. It was a hit through its six-season run, finishing in the Nielsen top ten five times.

The series follows Fred G. Sanford, known for his bigotry and cantankerousness, and Lamont Sanford, his long-suffering, conscientious, peacemaker son. Both characters are occasionally involved in get-rich-quick schemes to pay off their various debts.

The show also includes characters Aunt Esther, Grady Wilson, Bubba Bexley, Rollo Lawson, Donna Harris, and Julio Fuentes.