hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units (i.e., two-sugar units). The repeating two-sugar unit consists of a uronic sugar and an amino sugar, except in the case of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan keratan, where, in place of the uronic sugar there is a galactose unit. GAGs are found in vertebrates, invertebrates and bacteria.
Because GAGs are highly polar molecules and attract water; the body uses them as lubricants or shock absorbers.

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders in which abnormal accumulations of glycosaminoglycans occur due to enzyme deficiencies.

Sulfation
Sulfation (sometimes spelled sulphation in British English) is the chemical reaction that entails the addition of SO3 group.  In principle, many sulfations would involve reactions of sulfur trioxide (SO3).  In practice, most sulfations are effected less directly.  Regardless of the mechanism, the installation of a sulfate-like group on a substrate leads to substantial changes.
Danielle Stampe
Danielle Stampe (born November 27, 1967) is a singer, dancer, set designer, and performance artist, best known for her work with Gwar as "Slymenstra Hymen." She has set records for fire breathing and voltage endurance.

Dave Brockie
David Murray Brockie (August 30, 1963 – March 23, 2014) was a Canadian-born American musician. He was the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Gwar, in which he performed as Oderus Urungus, and he was a bassist and lead singer in the bands Death Piggy, X-Cops, and the Dave Brockie Experience (DBX). He additionally played the Oderus Urungus character in the comedy horror TV sitcom Holliston. Brockie died of a heroin overdose in 2014.
Godala
The Godala or Gudāla is a Berber tribe in Western Africa that lived along the Atlantic coast in present-day Mauritania and participated in the Saharan salt trade and the salt mines of Ijiil. The Godala may be linked to or the same as the ancient Gaetuli tribe of Berbers.

According to a 1985 study of West African history, the  area along both sides of the mouth of the Senegal River was controlled by the Godala group of Berbers.  They mined the Awlil salt deposits along the coast just north of the mouth of the Senegal, and controlled a coastal trade route that linked southern Morocco. Godala  territory bordered that of Takrur, and Godala caravans traded  salt mined  at Awlil  along  the  north  bank  of  the  Senegal.

Gaetuli
Gaetuli was the Romanised name of an ancient Berber people inhabiting Getulia. The latter district covered the large desert region south of the Atlas Mountains, bordering the Sahara. Other documents place Gaetulia in pre-Roman times along the Mediterranean coasts of what is now Algeria and Tunisia, and north of the Atlas. During the Roman period, according to Pliny the Elder, the Autololes Gaetuli established themselves south of the province of Mauretania Tingitana, in modern-day Morocco. They inhabited the southern slopes of the Aures and Atlas Mountains and probably reached as far as the Atlantic coast. The name of the Godala  is hypothesized to be derived from the word Gaetuli.
Yi Ŭibang
Yi Ŭibang (Korean: 이의방; Hanja: 李義方; 1121 –January 12, 1175) was a military ruler of Korea during the Goryeo period. He was one of many military dictators of Goryeo in the aftermath of the 1170 warrior rebellion.

Chŏng Chungbu
Chŏng Chungbu (Korean: 정중부; Hanja: 鄭仲夫; 1106 – October 18, 1179) was a medieval Korean soldier and military dictator during the Goryeo period (918–1392). He was a career soldier, qualified on military part of civil service examination. He was most noted for leading a coup d'état in 1170 (Revolt of military officers), dethroning the king and beginning of 100-year military reign in Korea.
Wei Yan
Wei Yan (pronunciationⓘ) (died c. October 234), courtesy name Wenchang, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a subordinate of the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty, Wei Yan rose through the ranks and became a general after Liu Bei seized control of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) in 214. His performance in battle helped him to become a prominent figure in the Shu military in a short period of time. He was later appointed as the Administrator of Hanzhong Commandery and as an Area Commander in 219. Between 228 and 234, he participated actively in the Northern Expeditions led by the Shu regent Zhuge Liang against Shu's rival state, Cao Wei. After Zhuge Liang's death in c. September 234, Wei Yan was executed by another Shu general, Ma Dai, for alleged treason.

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions were a series of five military campaigns launched by the state of Shu Han against the rival state of Cao Wei from 228 to 234 during the Three Kingdoms period in China. All five expeditions were led by Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor and regent of Shu after Kingdom of Wei and Shu were established. Although they proved unsuccessful and ended up as a stalemate, the expeditions have become some of the best-known conflicts of the Three Kingdoms period and one of its few battles during which each side (Shu and Wei) fought with hundreds of thousands of troops, as opposed to other battles in which one side had a huge numerical advantage.

The expeditions are dramatised and romanticised in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which includes the famous scene of the Empty Fort Strategy.
Castlebar
Castlebar (Irish: Caisleán an Bharraigh, meaning 'Barry's Castle') is the county town of County Mayo, Ireland. Developing around a 13th-century castle of the de Barry family, from which the town got its name, Castlebar is now a social and economic focal point for the surrounding hinterland. With a population of 13,054 in the 2022 census (up from 7,648 in the 1991 census), Castlebar was one of Ireland's fastest-growing towns in the early 21st century.

A campus of Atlantic Technological University and the Country Life section of the National Museum are two important facilities in the area. The town is linked by railway to Dublin, Westport and Ballina. The main route by road is the N5.

National Museum of Ireland, Turlough Park
The National Museum of Ireland – Country Life, officially National Museum of Ireland, Turlough Park from 2026, is a branch of the National Museum of Ireland.  Located near Turlough village, 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland, and established in 2001, the museum is Ireland's only national museum outside Dublin. The museum exhibits the way of life of rural Irish people between 1850 and 1950, and is in the grounds of Turlough Park House. There are displays about the home, the natural environment, trades and crafts, communities, and working on the land and on water.
Gaika Mine
18°56′56″S 29°48′35″E﻿ / ﻿18.9490°S 29.8098°E﻿ / -18.9490; 29.8098

The Gaika Mine, now known as the Gaika Gold Fields, is situated in what was Chicago Farm just about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Kwekwe CBD. The Gaika Mine was the earliest mine developed in 1894, then Globe and Phoenix in 1895–1900, the Eldorado in 1905, the Antelope in 1908, the Cam and Motor Mine in 1909, the Shamva Mine in 1909–1910, and numerous others during the period 1895–1911.

Globe and Phoenix Mine
18°53′40″S 29°48′40″E﻿ / ﻿18.8944°S 29.8111°E﻿ / -18.8944; 29.8111

Globe and Phoenix Mine (G&P Mine) is a gold mine in Zimbabwe. It is just outside Kwekwe CBD.

G&P Mine was pegged on the site of ancient gold workings in 1894 by prospectors Edward Thornton Pearson and Joseph Schukala. The two men were shown this ancient mining place by a Shona native whose confidence they bought with two blankets.

The head works of the mine still dominate Kwekwe City which was founded from the mine's compound township which was known as Sebakwe before merging with the then Fort Kwekwe and assuming the name Kwekwe, then spelt Que Que.

G&P Mine, although it once produced the world's richest gold ore, has its palmy days over now. Other mineral found at the mine are Kermesite, Magnetite, Quartz and Stibnite.

It is located a few hundred metres from the CBD westwards.
Fishin' for Woos
Fishin' for Woos is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Bowling for Soup. It was released on Que-so Records/Brando Records in the United Kingdom on April 25, 2011, and worldwide on April 26, 2011.

Bowling for Soup
Bowling for Soup (commonly abbreviated to BFS) is an American rock band formed in Wichita Falls, Texas, in 1994. The band consists of Jaret Reddick (lead vocals, guitar), Gary Wiseman (drums, percussion), and Rob Felicetti (bass, backing vocals, guitar). The band is best known for its singles "Girl All the Bad Guys Want", "1985", "Almost", "Punk Rock 101", and "High School Never Ends". The band is also known for performing the theme song for the Disney Channel animated series Phineas and Ferb. Following lead guitarist Chris Burney's retirement in 2025, Reddick is the sole remaining original member.
International Indian Film Academy Awards
The International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA Awards) is an annual awards ceremony for Hindi cinema. Produced by Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd, the winners of the awards are decided by fans, who vote online for their favourite actors from the Indian Hindi film industry. Instituted in 2000, the ceremony is held in different countries around the world every year.

The IIFA Utsavam is the South Indian segment of the annual IIFA Awards. The awards were introduced in 2016, around the films released in 2015. The 1st IIFA Utsavam was held on 24 and 25 January 2016 at the Gachibowli Athletic Stadium, Hyderabad, India.

IIFA Utsavam
The IIFA Utsavam rewards the artistic and technical achievements of the South Indian film industry. The ceremony is organised by Wizcraft International, the team behind the IIFA Awards, and represents Tamil cinema, Telugu cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema.

The ceremony was instituted in 2016, after the 2015 South Indian floods had delayed the event from December 2015. The Awards are presented in separate parts on two different days. On the first day the most promising upcoming South Indian film artistes from the Tamil and Malayalam film industries are honoured, while the second day honours artists & technicians of the Telugu and Kannada film industries. The Award nominees are selected by a jury of senior artistes and professionals and voted for by public polling.
Mansoor (wrestler)
Mansoor Abdul Aziz Mohamed Abdul Aziz Al-Shehail (born 28 October 1995), known mononymously as Mansoor, is a Saudi-American professional wrestler, internet personality, and livestreamer. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as a member of MxM TV. He also wrestles for AEW's sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH) and on the independent circuit. He is also known for his tenure in WWE, where he is the first Saudi wrestler to have competed in WWE.

MxM Collection
MxM TV (formerly MxM Collection) is a professional wrestling stable, consisting of Mason Madden, Mansoor, Johnny TV, and Taya Valkyrie. They are signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), while also making appearances on the independent circuit.

The team of Madden and Mansoor formed in 2020 while signed to WWE. They were introduced as a stable including Max Dupri and Maxxine Dupri called the Maximum Male Models, in which they went by the ring names of Mace and Mansoor (stylized as ma.çé and mån.sôör).
Serum sickness
Serum sickness in humans is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from a non-human animal source, occurring an average of 12 days after exposure. Symptoms often include a rash, joint pain, fever, and lymphadenopathy. It is a type of hypersensitivity, specifically immune complex hypersensitivity (type III). The term serum sickness–like reaction (SSLR) is occasionally used to refer to similar illnesses that arise from the introduction of certain non-protein substances, such as penicillin.

Serum sickness may be diagnosed based on the symptoms, and using a blood test and a urine test. It may be prevented by not using an antitoxin derived from animal serum, and through prophylactic antihistamines or corticosteroids. It usually resolves naturally, but may be treated with corticosteroids, antihistamines, analgesics, and (in severe cases) prednisone. It was first characterized in 1905.

Serum sickness-like reaction
Serum sickness–like reactions (SSLRs) are adverse reactions that have symptoms similar to those of serum sickness (type III immune complex hypersensitivity) but in which immune complexes are not found.: 127
Büchel Air Base
Büchel Air Base is a military air base of the Luftwaffe in Büchel (Germany), near the city of Cochem and at about 70 km from Spangdahlem Air Base. It is home to the Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33 (Tactical Air Force Wing 33; abbreviated as: TaktLwG 33) (formerly Jagdbombergeschwader 33 or Fighter Bomber Wing 33) of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and the 702 Munitions Support Squadron (702 MUNSS) of the United States Air Force (USAF). Since 1985, tactical Air Force Wing 33 has been operating German Panavia Tornado airplanes, which can deliver twenty B61 nuclear bombs, the only remaining nuclear weapons in Germany.
As of 2023, Büchel was one of six active air bases in five European countries with B61 nuclear bombs in underground WS3 Weapon Storage and Security System inside aircraft shelters, per nuclear sharing.
Since 1996 there have been annual protests and over one hundred activists have been sentenced for nonviolent protest.

Spangdahlem Air Base
Spangdahlem Air Base (IATA: SPM, ICAO: ETAD, former code EDAD) is a NATO air base with the United States Air Force as a tenant constructed between 1951 and 1953 and located near the small German town of Spangdahlem, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the city of Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate.
James Tennant Molteno
Sir James Molteno (5 January 1865 – 16 September 1936), was an influential barrister and parliamentarian of South Africa.

Rising to prominence as an unconventional anti-imperialist, he was briefly opposition leader, before becoming parliamentary Speaker.

He was the last Speaker for the Parliament of the Cape Colony, and the first Speaker of Parliament of South Africa.

John Charles Molteno Jr.
John Charles Molteno Jr. (4 March 1860 – 23 March 1924) M.L.A., was a South African exporter and Member of Parliament.

He was a prominent anti-imperialist of the Cape Colony, and a denouncer of British policies which led to the Boer War, chairing the South Africa Conciliation Committee in Cape Town. He was also a supporter of expanded civil rights for Black Africans, and recognised, very early on, the need for them to play a leading role in South Africa's political future.
Cepheus (constellation)
Cepheus is a constellation in the deep northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.

The constellation's brightest star is Alderamin (Alpha Cephei), with an apparent magnitude of 2.5. Delta Cephei is the prototype of an important class of star known as a Cepheid variable. RW Cephei, an orange hypergiant, together with the red supergiants Mu Cephei, MY Cephei, VV Cephei, V381 Cephei, and V354 Cephei are among the largest stars known. In addition, Cepheus also has the hyperluminous quasar S5 0014+81, which hosts an ultramassive black hole in its core, reported at 40 billion solar masses, about 10,000 times more massive than the central black hole of the Milky Way, making this among the most massive black holes currently known.

Mu Cephei
Mu Cephei is a red supergiant or hypergiant star in the northern constellation Cepheus. It is officially named the Garnet Star; Mu Cephei is its Bayer designation, which is Latinized from μ Cephei and abbreviated Mu Cep or μ Cep. This star appears garnet red and is located at the edge of the IC 1396 nebula. It is a 4th magnitude star easily visible to the naked eye under good observing conditions. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as a spectral standard by which other stars are classified.

Mu Cephei is more than 100,000 times brighter than the Sun, with an absolute visual magnitude of −7.6. It is one of the largest known stars with a radius around or over 1,000 times that of the Sun (R☉), and were it placed in the Sun's position, it would engulf the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Center Line, Michigan
Center Line is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Metro Detroit, Center Line is located roughly 11 miles (17.7 km) north of downtown Detroit, and is completely surrounded by the larger city of Warren. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 8,552.

Warren, Michigan
Warren is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Warren borders Detroit to the north, roughly 13 miles (20.9 km) north of downtown Detroit. The population was 139,387 at the 2020 census, making Warren the largest community in Macomb County, the third-largest city in Michigan, and Detroit's largest suburb.

The city is home to a wide variety of businesses, including the General Motors Technical Center, the United States Army Detroit Arsenal, home of the United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command and the Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), and the headquarters of Asset Acceptance.
Carl Frederick Holden
Carl Frederick Holden (May 25, 1895 – May 18, 1953) was a decorated officer in the United States Navy who reached the rank of vice admiral. A veteran of both World Wars, he became an expert in Naval communications, graduating with a master's degree in electrical communications from Harvard University. Holden served as Director of Naval Communications between September 1942 - April 1943 and distinguished himself as commanding officer of the battleship USS New Jersey, the flagship of Admiral William F. Halsey. He rose to the admiral's rank in 1945 and commanded Cruiser Division 18 in late phase of the World War II.

During the postwar period, Holden served successively as commander, Operational Training Command, Atlantic Fleet; commandant of the New York Naval Base; and commander, U.S. Naval Forces Germany, before retiring in July 1952.

Director of Naval Communications
Director of Naval Communications was a post on the staff of the United States Navy's Chief of Naval Operations responsible for organizing, administering and operating the Naval Communications Service.  In Navy parlance, this was Op-20.  Created in 1916, the position replaced that of the Superintendent of the Naval Radio Service, created in 1912.  The position, and the responsibilities, evolved steadily over the next several generations.
Vladislaus II, Duke and King of Bohemia
Vladislaus II or Vladislav II (c. 1110 – 18 January 1174) was the Duke of Bohemia from 1140 and then King of Bohemia (as Vladislaus I) from 1158 until his abdication in 1173. He was the second Bohemian king after Vratislaus II, but in neither case was the royal title hereditary.

Vladislav was the son of Vladislav I and Richeza of Berg. He was married twice, first to Gertrude of Babenberg and then to Judith of Thuringia.

Gertrude of Babenberg, Duchess of Bohemia
Gertrude of Babenberg (Czech: Gertruda Babenberská; c. 1118 – 8 April 1150), a member of the House of Babenberg, was Duchess consort of Bohemia from 1140 until her death, by her marriage to the Přemyslid duke Vladislaus II.
Peruvian Communist Party
The Peruvian Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Peruano; PCP) is a communist party in Peru that was founded as the Peruvian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Peruano, PSP) in 1928 by a group led by José Carlos Mariátegui until its name change in 1930. In contemporary Peruvian politics, it is often referred to as the Peruvian Communist Party – Unity (Spanish: Partido Comunista Peruano – Unidad; PCP (Unidad)) to distinguish it from similarly named communist parties.

The PCP is headquartered at Ramón Castilla Square in Lima, and publishes Unidad ("Unity") and Nuestra Bandera ("Our Flag"). The party participates in the annual International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (IMCWP).

Communism in Peru
Communism as a political philosophy in Peru dates back to the 1920s, a period when new ideological currents entered the country.

Throughout the movement's history, a number of parties, movements and organisations in the country have referred to themselves by the name of "communist party". The oldest to do so is the Peruvian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Peruano, PCP), originally founded in 1928 as the Peruvian Socialist Party (PSP) by Marxist philosopher and journalist José Carlos Mariátegui. The 1960s brought about the emergence of splinter groups up until the 21st century. One of these groups, commonly known as the Shining Path (PCP-SL), waged an insurgency against the Peruvian State that resulted in a 20-year period of violence that took place from 1980 to 2000, while its splinter groups have continued to operate from 2001 onwards.
Jaunsari people
The Jaunsari is sub-community of Mahasui people of the Mahasu region found in Jaunsar-Bawar area of North Indian state of Uttarakhand in the western portion of the state in Garhwal Division. They speak the Jaunsari language which is a dialevt of Mahasu Pahari and a Western Pahari language as well as Indo-Aryan language.

Jaunsari language
Jaunsari (Devanagari: जौनसारी)  is a Western Pahari language of northern India spoken by the Jaunsari people in the Kalsi, Chakrata and Tyuni sub-districts of Dehradun district in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state. It is closely related to Sirmauri and Mahasu Pahari, and sometimes considered as the dialect of Mahasu Pahari.

The dialects of Jaunsari share about 60% of their basic vocabulary with each of the neighbouring varieties of Bangani, Jaunpuri, Nagpuriya and Sirmauri.
Jewish Federations of North America
The Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA), formerly the United Jewish Communities (UJC), is an American Jewish umbrella organization for the Jewish Federations system, representing over 350 independent Jewish communities across North America that raise and distribute over $2 billion annually, including through planned giving and endowment programs, to support social welfare, social services and educational needs. Jewish Federations also provides fundraising, organization assistance, training, and overall leadership to the Jewish Federations and communities throughout the United States and Canada. The Federation movement protects and enhances the well-being of Jews worldwide through the values of tikkun olam, tzedakah and Torah.

JFNA was formed from the merger of the United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations, and the United Israel Appeal. The organization hosts an annual General Assembly event for the broad North American Jewish community.

American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as Joint or JDC, is a Jewish relief organization based in New York City. The organisation has supported Jewish people living in Israel and throughout the world since 1914, and is active in more than 70 countries.

The JDC offers aid to Jewish populations in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the Middle East, through a network of social and community assistance programs. In addition, the JDC contributes millions of dollars in disaster relief and development assistance to non-Jewish communities.