hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euro short-term rate
The Euro Short-Term Rate (€STR) is a reference rate for the euro. This interest rate can be used as the rate referenced in financial contracts that involve the euro. €STR is administered and calculated by the European Central Bank (ECB), based on the money market statistical reporting of the Eurosystem. According to the indications of the working group on euro risk-free rates, €STR replaced the Euro Overnight Index Average (EONIA) as the Euro risk-free rate for all products and contracts.

Eonia
Eonia (Euro Overnight Index Average) was computed as a weighted average of all overnight unsecured lending transactions in the interbank market, undertaken in the European Union and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries by a Panel of banks (the same as for Euribor) subject to the Eonia Code of Conduct.

It was reported on an ACT/360 day count convention and displayed to three decimal places. "Overnight" means from one TARGET day (i.e. day on which the Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer system is open) to the next.

Eonia reference rates were calculated by the European Central Bank, based on all overnight interbank assets created before the close of RTGS systems at 6pm CET, and published through GRSS (Global Rate Set Systems) every day before 7pm CET. It can be found under the ISIN identifier EU0009659945.

EONIA was replaced by the Euro Short-Term Rate (€STR), published by the ECB since 2 October 2019.
Imperatorsky pavilyon railway station
The Emperor's railway station or Emperor's Tsarskoye Selo Station, known as the Emperor's Pavilion (Russian: Императорский павильон, transliteration Imperatorsky pavilyon), is a former railway station terminal in Russia, in the town Tsarskoye Selo (now Pushkin, Saint Petersburg), which served the last monarch of Russia Emperor Nicholas II with his family and courtiers over his dedicated Emperor's Tsarskoye Selo Railway that eventually consisted of three lines to link the capital city of the empire, Saint Petersburg, with two of the suburban royal residences in the towns of Tsarskoye Selo (Rus. "Royal Village") and Gatchina. The Tsarskoye Selo Alexander Palace and Park estate was home to Nicholas and his family for their last 13 years. The Russian royal family had two other private railway station terminals named Emperor's Pavilions - one in Moscow and another one at Saint Petersburg Vitebsky railway station.

Vitebsky railway station
St. Petersburg–Vitebsky (Russian: Ви́тебский вокза́л) is a railway station terminal in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Formerly known as St. Petersburg–Tsarskoselsky station because its first line led to the suburban royal residences town of Tsarskoye Selo, it was the first railway station to be built in Saint Petersburg and the whole of the Russian Empire (while its present-day building is much newer). Later, with considerable extension of its lines, the station was renamed after a much farther destination: Vitebsk, a city in Belarus.
Constantine IV
Constantine IV (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, romanized: Kōnstantīnos, lit. 'Constantinus'); c. 650 – 10 July 685), called the Younger (Greek: ὁ νέος, romanized: ho Néos) and often incorrectly the Bearded (Greek: Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: Pōgōnãtos) out of confusion with his father, was Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685. His reign saw the first serious check to nearly 50 years of uninterrupted Arab expansion, most notably his successful defence of Constantinople, and the temporary stabilization of the Byzantine Empire after decades of war, defeats, and civil strife. His calling of the Sixth Ecumenical Council saw the end of the monothelitism controversy in the Byzantine Empire; for this, he is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, with his feast day on September 3.

Third Council of Constantinople
The Third Council of Constantinople, counted as the Sixth Ecumenical Council by the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches, and by certain other Western Churches, met in 680–681 and condemned monoenergism and monothelitism as heretical and defined Jesus Christ as having two energies and two wills (divine and human).
Great chess
Great chess or Large chess (Arabic: shatranj al-kabir) is a family of large board historical chess variants which were played in the Middle East and Central Asia. Great chess includes variants played on larger chessboards like Tamerlane chess and Turkish Great Chess. These games were called "great chess" because they were played on larger boards (11×10, 13×13 etc), while shatranj as-saghir ("small chess" i.e. standard shatranj) was played on the smaller 8×8 board.

Like modern chess, these games are derived from medieval shatranj. One variant of great chess, also called Tamerlane chess, was developed in Central Asia during the reign of Emperor Timur, and its invention is also attributed to him. Although the game is similar to modern chess, it is distinctive in that there are varieties of pawn, each of which promotes in its own way.

Shatranj
Shatranj (Persian: شطرنج, pronounced [ʃaˈtˤrandʒ]; from Middle Persian chatrang) is an old form of chess, as played in the Sasanian Empire. Its origins lie in the Indian game of chaturanga. Modern chess gradually developed from this game, as it was introduced to Europe by contacts in Muslim Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and in Sicily in the 10th century. In modern Persian, the term is also used as the translation of chess.
David Nkwe
David Cecil Tapi Nkwe (1935-2008) was a South African Anglican bishop: he was the Bishop of Matlosane from 1990 to 2006.

He was rector of St Paul, Soweto from 1965 to 1990. He was elected to start the Diocese of Matlosane with headquarters in Klerksdorp, North West. He remained the bishop of Matlosane until he retired in 2006. He was buried in Westpark Cemetery after a service at Christ the King Church in Sophiatown.

Diocese of Matlosane
The Diocese of Matlosane (formerly the Diocese of Klerksdorp) is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. The diocese was founded in 1990, divided from the Anglican Diocese of Johannesburg. It occupies the central part of the North West province in South Africa.
Infanta María Cristina of Spain (1833–1902)
Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain and Portugal (5 June 1833 – 19 January 1902) was the daughter of Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain and Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies. She became an Infanta of Portugal by her marriage to Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain.

Infante Sebastião of Spain and Portugal
Dom Sebastião Gabriel de Borbón y Braganza, (Rio de Janeiro, 4 November 1811 – Pau, 14 February 1875) Infante of Portugal and Spain, was an Iberian prince of the 19th century, progenitor of the Spanish ducal lines of Hernani, Ansola, Dúrcal and Marchena, and Carlist army commander in the First Carlist War.
Xingu peoples
The Xingu are an indigenous people of Brazil living near the Xingu River. They are the Aweti, Kalapalo, Kamaiurá, Kayapó, Kuikuro, Matipu, Mehinako, Nahukuá, Suyá, Trumai, Wauja and the Yawalapiti peoples. They have many cultural similarities despite their different ethnicity and language groups. Xingu people represent fifteen tribes and all four of Brazil's indigenous language groups, but they share similar belief systems, rituals and ceremonies.

Kuikuro
The Kuikuro are an indigenous people from the Mato Grosso region of Brazil. Their language, Kuikuro, is a part of the Cariban language family. The Kuikuro have many similarities with other Xingu tribes. They have a population of 592 in 2010, up from 450 in 2002.

The Kuikuro are likely the descendants of the people who built the settlements known to archaeologists as Kuhikugu, located at the headwaters of the Xingu River. The settlements were probably inhabited from around 1,500 years ago to about 400 years ago; after this point the population may have been reduced by diseases introduced by Europeans or, indirectly, by other native tribes who had traded with Europeans. Stories of Kuhikugu may have inspired the British explorer Percy Fawcett on his ill-fated expedition looking for the "Lost City of Z" in the 1920s.
Frederick Converse Beach
Frederick Converse Beach (March 27, 1848 – June 8, 1918), was a New York patent attorney, editor and co-owner of Scientific American, and editor-in-chief of the new Encyclopedia Americana in the early 1900s. He became President of the oldest operating yacht club in Connecticut. He was also the father of Stanley Yale Beach, an aviation pioneer and early financier of Gustav Whitehead.

Stanley Yale Beach
Stanley Yale Beach (1877 – 1955) was a wealthy aviation pioneer, who was an early financier of Gustave Whitehead, who claimed to have made powered controlled flight before the Wright brothers. He was among the first technically trained men to be involved in dynamic flight in the United States, and was an early automobilist, following the beginnings of the development of the automobile industry as Automobile Editor of Scientific American, their family scientific magazine.
Shu Yu of Tang
Ji Yu, commonly known as "Yu, [Royal] Uncle of Tang" (Chinese: 唐叔虞; pinyin: Táng Shū Yú), was the founder of the Tang state (later renamed "Jin" by his son and successor, Ji Xie). He was a son of King Wu of Zhou and Yi Jiang and the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou. He was accorded the fief of Tang by King Cheng of Zhou.

Xiefu
Ji Xiefu or Ji Xie, commonly known as "Xie, Marquis of Jin" (Chinese: 晉侯燮; pinyin: Jìn Hóu Xiè), was a ruler of the Jin state.

Xiefu succeeded his father, Ji Yu, as the ruler of the state of Tang. During his reign, he moved the capital from Tang (唐) to Jin (晉) and renamed the state "Jin".

After Xiefu died, he was succeeded by his son, Marquis Wu.
Gluteal tuberosity
The gluteal tuberosity is the lateral one of the three upward prolongations of the linea aspera of the femur, extending to the base of the greater trochanter. It serves as the principal insertion site for the gluteus maximus muscle.

Femur
The femur (/ˈfiːmər/; pl.: femurs or femora /ˈfɛmərə/), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals, the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.

The top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom of the femur connects to the shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) to form the knee. In humans the femur is the  largest and thickest bone in the body.
Żagań
Żagań [ˈʐaɡaɲ] ⓘ (French and German: Sagan, Latin: Saganum) is a town in western Poland, on the Bóbr river, with 25,731 inhabitants (2019), capital of Żagań County in the Lubusz Voivodeship, located in the historic region of Lower Silesia.

Founded in the 12th century by Polish monarch Bolesław IV the Curly, Żagań was the capital of an eponymous principality from 1274 to 1935. The main sights are the former Augustinian Monastery, one of the burial sites of the Piast dynasty, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland, the Ducal Palace and Park ensemble and the POW Camps Museum, located at the site of German-operated WWII prisoner-of-war camps for over 60,000 Allied soldiers of various nationalities, where the Great Escape took place.

The town hosts the Polish 11th Armoured Cavalry Division. An American Armored Brigade Combat Team is constantly rotated through the town under Operation Atlantic Resolve.

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Żagań
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church in Żagań, Poland, is a Gothic  church built between the fourteenth and fifteenth century. The church is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zielona Góra-Gorzów. It is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

It is one of the burial sites of the Piast dynasty, including Henry IV the Faithful, Henry V of Iron, Henry VII Rumpold, Henry VIII the Sparrow, Jan I of Żagań, Balthasar of Żagań.
Lake Milh
Lake Razzaza (Arabic: البحيرة الرزازة, romanized: Buhairat Al-Razzaza, lit. 'Lake of spray'), also known as Lake Milh (Arabic: بحيرة الملح, romanized: Buhairat Al-Milh, lit. 'Lake of Salt'), is an artificial lake located a few miles west of Karbala, Iraq (32°41′N 43°40′E﻿ / ﻿32.683°N 43.667°E﻿ / 32.683; 43.667). The lake is located in a depression into which excess water from Lake Habbaniyah, which comes from the Euphrates River, is diverted through a controlled escape channel or canal. The lake is listed as a wetland of international importance. The lake is rather shallow and the water level changes seasonally. Due to its salt content and changing water level, this largest freshwater lake in Iraq has lost its important stock of fish species and only a few recreational areas exist around the lake.

Lake Habbaniyah
Lake Habbaniyah (Arabic: بحيرة الحبانية Buḥayrat al-Ḥabbāniya) is a lake located halfway between Ramadi and Fallujah near Al-Taqaddum (TQ) Air Base in Al Habbaniyah in Anbar Province, Iraq.

In the late 1930s and 1940s Lake Habbaniyah was used by Imperial Airways as a refueling point and hotel for flying boats flying from the United Kingdom to India.  Nearby on the banks of the Euphrates had already been established the Royal Air Force airbase of RAF Dhibban, later renamed RAF Habbaniya.

It was the scene of action during the Rashid Ali rebellion Anglo-Iraqi War when the RAF trainee aircrew and troops stationed there effectively saw off the besieging Iraqi troops and subsequent German aerial attacks. In 2014, the area was the site of a number of battles between Iraqi forces and militants of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
Bonaire Lawn Tennis Association
The Bonaire Lawn Tennis Association (Dutch: Bonaire Lawn Tennis Bond), abbreviated BLTB, is the governing body of tennis in Bonaire. Before Bonaire became a special municipality of the Netherlands after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, it was represented by the Netherlands Antilles Tennis Federation. In 2011, it decided to file for membership of the International Tennis Federation rather than to be part of the Royal Dutch Lawn Tennis Association of the Netherlands. Membership was approved in 2011 at the Annual General Meeting in Bangkok together with the Curaçao Lawn Tennis Association.

Netherlands Antilles Tennis Federation
The Netherlands Antilles Tennis Federation was the governing body of tennis in the Netherlands Antilles. It was responsible for the Netherlands Antilles Davis Cup team. After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, it represented three newly formed association in 2011:

Bonaire Lawn Tennis Association

Curaçao Lawn Tennis Association

Sint Maarten Tennis Federation

The teams of Bonaire and Curaçao gained individual membership of the International Tennis Federation as well as the Central American & Caribbean Tennis Confederation in 2012.
Template processor
A template processor (also known as a template engine or template parser) is software designed to combine templates with data (defined by a data model) to produce resulting documents or programs. The language that the templates are written in is known as a template language or templating language. For purposes of this article, a result document is any kind of formatted output, including documents, web pages, or source code (in source code generation), either in whole or in fragments. A template engine is ordinarily included as a part of a web template system or application framework, and may be used also as a preprocessor or filter.

Web template system
A web template system in web publishing allows web designers and developers to work with web templates to automatically generate custom web pages, such as the results from a search. This reuses static web page elements while defining dynamic elements based on web request parameters.
Web templates support static content, providing basic structure and appearance. Developers can implement templates from  content management systems, web application frameworks, and HTML editors.
Ministry of Foreign Relations (Uruguay)
The Ministry of Foreign Relations (Spanish: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, MRREE) is Uruguay's government ministry responsible for planning, directing, and implementing the country's foreign policy and international relations. It oversees Uruguayan embassies, consular representatives, permanent missions to international organizations, and other state services abroad.

Commonly referred to as Cancillería (Spanish for 'Chancellery'), it is headquartered in the historic Santos Palace, located in Downtown Montevideo. The current foreign minister is Mario Lubetkin, who has served since March 1, 2025 in the cabinet of Yamandú Orsi.

Foreign relations of Uruguay
This article deals with the diplomatic affairs, foreign policy and international relations of Uruguay. At the political level, these matters are officially handled by the Ministry of Foreign Relations, also known as Cancillería, which answers to the President.
Dai (Spring and Autumn period)
Dai was a state which existed in northern Hebei during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. Its eponymous capital was located north of the Zhou Kingdom in what is now Yu County. It was apparently established by the people known to the ancient Chinese as the Baidi or "White Barbarians". They traded livestock and other goods between Central Asia and the Zhou states prior to their conquest by the Zhao clan of Jin.

Beidi
The Di or Beidi (Northern Di) were various ethnic groups who lived north of the Chinese (Huaxia) realms during the Zhou dynasty. Although initially described as nomadic, they seem to have practiced a mixed pastoral, agricultural, and hunting economy and were distinguished from the nomads of the Eurasian steppe who lived to their north. Chinese historical accounts describe the Di inhabiting the upper Ordos Loop and gradually migrating eastward to northern Shanxi and northern Hebei, where they eventually created their own states like Zhongshan and Dai. Other groups of Di seem to have lived interspersed between the Chinese states before their eventual conquest or sinicization.
Shareasale
ShareASale was an affiliate marketing network based in the River North neighborhood in Chicago, IL USA.  ShareASale serviced two customer sets in affiliate marketing: the affiliate, and the merchant.

Affiliates used ShareASale to find products to promote, and earn commission for referrals on those products.  Affiliates used their own website, blogs, social media, PPC campaigns, SEO campaigns, RSS and email,  as well as a number of other means.

Merchants used ShareASale to implement, track, and manage their affiliate program.

Affiliate marketing
Affiliate marketing is a marketing arrangement in which affiliates receive a commission for each visit, signup or sale they generate for a merchant. This arrangement allows businesses to outsource part of the sales process. It is a form of performance-based marketing where the commission acts as an incentive for the affiliate; this commission is usually a percentage of the price of the product being sold, but can also be a flat rate per referral.

Affiliate marketers may use a variety of methods to generate these sales, including organic search engine optimization, paid search engine marketing, e-mail marketing, content marketing, display advertising, organic social media marketing, and more.

Though the largest companies run their own affiliate networks (for example Amazon), most merchants join affiliate networks which provide reporting tools and payment processing.
West Virginia v. B. P. J.
West Virginia v. B. P. J., 98 F.4th 542 (2024) is a pending United States Supreme Court case concerning the participation of transgender athletes in sex-separated school sports. In April 2024, the Fourth Circuit held that a West Virginia law barring transgender girls and women from participating on girls' and women's sports teams was unconstitutional. The case was argued on January 13, 2026, alongside Little v. Hecox, which challenges an Idaho law restricting girls' and women's teams to students assigned female at birth. The arguments took place amid widespread adoption of similar state laws and related national policy disputes.

Little v. Hecox
Little v. Hecox (consolidated with West Virginia v. B. P. J.) is a pending United States Supreme Court case regarding the constitutionality of state laws that ban transgender women and girls from participating on female athletic teams. The case challenges Idaho's 2020 Fairness in Women's Sports Act, the first law of its kind in the United States, which defines sex based on reproductive biology and genetics rather than gender identity.

The Court heard oral arguments on January 13, 2026. The case is significant as it tests the application of the Court's 2020 ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County—which held that Title VII's prohibition on sex discrimination includes gender identity—to the context of competitive sports and Title IX. Relevant laws applied in lower court rulings include the Equal Protection Clause and Title IX.
Shatranj
Shatranj (Persian: شطرنج, pronounced [ʃaˈtˤrandʒ]; from Middle Persian chatrang) is an old form of chess, as played in the Sasanian Empire. Its origins lie in the Indian game of chaturanga. Modern chess gradually developed from this game, as it was introduced to Europe by contacts in Muslim Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and in Sicily in the 10th century. In modern Persian, the term is also used as the translation of chess.

Chaturanga
Chaturanga (Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग, IAST: caturaṅga, pronounced [tɕɐt̪uˈɾɐŋɡɐ]) is an ancient Indian strategy board game. It is first known from India around the seventh century AD.

While there is some uncertainty, the prevailing view among chess historians is that chaturanga is the common ancestor of the board games chess, xiangqi (Chinese), janggi (Korean), shogi (Japanese), sittuyin (Burmese), makruk (Thai), ouk chatrang (Cambodian) and modern Indian chess. It was adopted as chatrang (shatranj) in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to late-medieval Europe.

Not all the rules of chaturanga are known with certainty. Chess historians suppose that the game had rules similar to those of its successor, shatranj. In particular, there is uncertainty as to the moves of the gaja (elephant).
Iphigenia Photaki
Iphigenia Photaki (Greek: Ιφιγένεια Φωτάκη, pronounced [ifiˈʝeni.a foˈtaki]; also known after marriage as Iphigenia Vourvidou-Photaki, Greek: Ιφιγένεια Βουρβίδου-Φωτάκη; 1921–1983) was a Greek organic chemist remembered for her contributions in peptide chemical synthesis, especially in the synthesis of biologically/enzymatically active peptides.

Photaki was in 1965 the fourth woman overall to be habilitated in a scientific discipline in Greece, and the second to do so in the field of Chemistry. She specialised in peptide synthesis, influenced by her mentor and doctoral advisor Leonidas Zervas, a global authority on the subject. After distinguished research in Basel, Athens, and later Cornell, Photaki eventually rose to Professor of Organic Chemistry and Head of the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of the University of Athens.

Leonidas Zervas
Leonidas Zervas (Greek: Λεωνίδας Ζέρβας, pronounced [leoˈniðas ˈzervas]; 21 May 1902 – 10 July 1980) was a Greek organic chemist who made seminal contributions in peptide chemical synthesis. Together with his mentor Max Bergmann they laid the foundations for the field in 1932 with their major discovery, the Bergmann-Zervas carboxybenzoxy oligopeptide synthesis which remained unsurpassed in utility for the next two decades. The carboxybenzyl protecting group he discovered is often abbreviated Z in his honour.

Throughout his life Zervas also served in many important posts, including President of the Academy of Athens or briefly Minister of Industry of Greece. He received numerous awards and honours during his life and posthumously, such as Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences or the first Max Bergmann golden medal.