hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study
The Stateville Penitentiary malaria study was a controlled but ethically questionable study of the effects of malaria on prisoners of Stateville Penitentiary near Joliet, Illinois, in the 1940s, conducted by the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago in conjunction with the United States Army and the State Department. The Stateville experiment was viewed as coercive because it offered shortened sentences to participants. The Green report was written about it by Andrew Conway Ivy in 1945 and used in the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, which affected the Nuremberg Code, and to discuss how medical experimentation on prisoners should be carried out.

Experimentation on prisoners
Throughout history, prisoners have been frequent participants in scientific, medical and social human subject research. Some of the research involving prisoners has been exploitative and cruel. Many of the modern protections for human subjects evolved in response to the abuses in prisoner research. Research involving prisoners is still conducted today, but prisoners are now one of the most highly protected groups of human subjects
Order of Roraima of Guyana
The Order of Roraima of Guyana is the second highest National Award of Guyana, and is limited to only thirty five living Guyanese recipients.  Established in 1976, it is awarded to any citizen of Guyana who has given outstanding service to the nation.  Citizens of foreign nations who are deemed eligible may be appointed as honorary members of the order.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Guyana
The Orders, decorations, and medals of Guyana were established after Guyana gained independence from the United Kingdom.  In 1970 Guyana became a Republic and established its first two national awards under the Constitution of the Orders of Guyana.  In 1976, the Constitution of the Orders of Guyana was amended to add a third national award.

The first appointments to the Orders of Guyana came in 1970 and were presented through 2002.  After a period of several years the first new appointments were made in 2011. New appointments are made on the Anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Guyana, by the President of Guyana, acting in his capacity as the Chancellor of the Orders of Guyana.
Hamburgische Münze
The Hamburgische Münze is a European coin mint located in the city of Hamburg. It is one of the four German coin mints, the others being the Staatliche Münzen Baden-Württemberg, the Bavarian State Mint, and the Staatliche Münze Berlin.

The earliest coins minted by the Hamburgische Münze are dated 834 CE, making it the oldest mint in Germany currently in operation. Since 1875 CE, all coins minted at the Hamburgische Münze have had a 'J' mint mark stamped on them for tracing purposes.

Bavarian State Mint
The Bavarian State Mint (German: Bayerisches Hauptmünzamt) is a European mint located in the city of Munich.

It is one of the four German coin mints, the others being the Staatliche Münzen Baden-Württemberg, the Staatliche Münze Berlin, and the Hamburgische Münze. The Bavarian State Mint has been in operation since 1871 CE. All coins from the BCM contain a 'D' mint mark for tracking purposes.
Polygon partition
In geometry, a partition of a polygon is a set of primitive units (e.g., triangles, rectangles, etc.), which do not overlap and whose union equals the polygon. A polygon partition problem is a problem of finding a partition which is minimal in some sense, for example a partition with a smallest number of units or with units of smallest total side-length (sum of the perimeters).

Polygon partitioning is an important class of problems in computational geometry. There are many different polygon partition problems, depending on the type of polygon being partitioned and on the types of units allowed in the partition.

The term "polygon decomposition" is often used as a general term that includes both polygon partitioning and polygon covering, which allows overlapping units.

Polygon covering
In geometry, a covering of a polygon is a set of primitive units (e.g. squares) whose union equals the polygon. A polygon covering problem is a problem of finding a covering with a smallest number of units for a given polygon. This is an important class of problems in computational geometry.

There are many different polygon covering problems, depending on the type of polygon being covered. An example polygon covering problem is: given a rectilinear polygon, find a smallest set of squares whose union equals the polygon.

In some scenarios, it is not required to cover the entire polygon but only its edges (this is called polygon edge covering) or its vertices (this is called polygon vertex covering).

A minimal covering is a covering that does not contain any other covering (i.e. it is a local minimum).
A minimum covering is a covering with a smallest number of units (i.e. a global minimum). Every minimum covering is minimal, but not vice versa.
MV Swift Rescue
MV Swift Rescue is a submarine support and rescue vessel (SSRV) that is operated by the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). The ship is stationed in Changi Naval Base and has a mixed crew of 27 personnel from the RSN and Swire Pacific Offshore Operations Pte Ltd, the marine arm of Swire Group.

In January 2007, the RSN awarded a design, build, own and operate contract to ST Marine, a subsidiary of ST Engineering.

Submarine rescue ship
A submarine rescue ship is a surface support ship for submarine rescue and deep-sea salvage operations. Methods employed include the McCann Rescue Chamber, deep-submergence rescue vehicles (DSRV's) and diving operations.
Enola Yard
Enola Yard is a large rail yard located in East Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania, along the western shore of the Susquehanna River in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Built in 1905 and expanded through the 1930s, Enola yard was the world's largest freight yard in 1956. It remains in operation today, though it has long since been eclipsed in size and traffic, first by Conway Yard outside Pittsburgh, PA and later by Bailey Yard in North Platte, Nebraska.

Conway Yard
Conway Yard (also known as Conway Terminal) is a major rail yard located in the boroughs of Conway, Pennsylvania, and Freedom, Pennsylvania, 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, along the Ohio River. It was the largest freight yard in the world from 1956 until 1980. It is currently owned by Norfolk Southern (NS) and is one of the largest yards in the United States and on the east coast.
Minnesota Fats: Pool Legend
Minnesota Fats: Pool Legend is a 1995 pool (pocket billiards) video game for the Sega Genesis and Sega Saturn. It was also released in Japan for the Saturn under the alternative title Side Pocket 2: Legend of Hustler (Japanese: サイドポケット2 伝説のハスラー, Hepburn: Saido Poketto 2 Densetsu no Hasurā). The game features fictional pool hustler Minnesota Fats. It was released as a sequel to Data East's earlier success Side Pocket.

Side Pocket
Side Pocket is a pocket billiards simulation released as an arcade video game by Data East in 1986. It was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy, while an enhanced remake was later released on the Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and Game Gear. The game spawned two sequels, as well as arcade spin-off series titled Pocket Gal.

G-Mode owns the intellectual property rights to the Side Pocket series, and licenses these games globally.
Monsal Trail
The Monsal Trail is a cycling, horse riding and walking trail in the Derbyshire Peak District. It was constructed from a section of the former Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway, which was built by the Midland Railway in 1863 to link Manchester with London and closed in 1968. The Monsal Trail is about 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long and opened in 1981. It starts at the Topley Pike junction in Wye Dale, 3 miles (4.8 km)  east of Buxton, and runs to Coombs Viaduct, 1 mile (1.6 km) south-east of Bakewell. It follows the valley of the River Wye. The trail passes through Blackwell Mill, Chee Dale, Millers Dale, Cressbrook, Monsal Dale, Great Longstone, Hassop and Bakewell. The trail has numerous landmarks including Headstone Viaduct, Cressbrook Mill, Litton Mill and Hassop railway station, and passes through six tunnels.

It is a major part of the as yet incomplete White Peak Loop and is designated as National Cycle Route 680.

Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway
The Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway ran from a junction with the Midland Railway at Ambergate to Rowsley north of Matlock and thence to Buxton.

In time it would become part of the Midland Railway's main line between London and Manchester, but it was initially planned as a route from Manchester to the East of England, via the proposed Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway which would meet it a little further north along the North Midland line at Ambergate. The act of Parliament, Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway Act 1846, for a line from just south of Stockport to Ambergate was passed in 1846.

Currently, the section north of Millers Dale is open as the Great Rocks freight line, Derby to Matlock still holds passenger services as the Derwent Valley line, Matlock to Rowsley is the Peak Rail heritage line, and Rowsley to Buxton has become the Monsal Trail for cycling, horse riding and walking.
Tuberculum sellae
The tuberculum sellae (or the tubercle of the sella turcica) is a slight median elevation upon the superior aspect of the body of sphenoid bone (that forms the floor of the middle cranial fossa: 508–509 ) at the anterior boundary of the sella turcica (hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa): 509  and posterior boundary of the chiasmatic groove.: 509  A middle clinoid process flanks the tuberculum sellae on either side.: 509

Sella turcica
The sella turcica (Latin for 'Turkish saddle') is a saddle-shaped depression in the body of the sphenoid bone of the human skull and of the skulls of other hominids including chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. It serves as a cephalometric landmark. The pituitary gland or hypophysis is located within the most inferior aspect of the sella turcica, the hypophyseal fossa.
Menachek
Menachek is a tabia or municipality in the Tanqua Millash district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Addi Bayro village (also called "Debre Birhan"). Until January 2020 it belonged to the Dogu'a Tembien district.

Dogu'a Tembien
Dogu'a Tembien (Tigrinya: ደጉዓ ተምቤን, "Upper Tembien", sometimes transliterated as Degua Tembien or Dägʿa Tämben) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. It is named in part after the former province of Tembien. Nowadays, the mountainous district is part of the Southeastern Tigray Zone. The administrative centre of this woreda is Hagere Selam.
Anne of Green Gables (1979 TV series)
Anne of Green Gables (Japanese: 赤毛のアン, Hepburn: Akage no An; lit. 'Red-haired Anne') is a Japanese animated television series and the fifth entry in Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater franchise. It was adapted from the 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery. The series was first broadcast on Fuji Television and its affiliates from January 7 to December 30, 1979. Fifty episodes were produced in total. The first six episodes were later edited into a compilation film released in 2010.

As with the novels, the animated version of Anne is beloved in Japan to this day. An anime series that serves as a prequel to the series, Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables, premiered on April 5, 2009, in Japan.

Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables
Konnichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables (Japanese: こんにちは アン 〜Before Green Gables, Hepburn: Konnichiwa An 〜Bifō Guriin Gēburusu; lit. 'Hello Anne: Before Green Gables') is a Japanese anime television series; it is the 26th entry in Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater franchise. The series is an adaptation of Canadian children's literature author Budge Wilson's 2008 prequel novel Before Green Gables, which was translated into Japanese as Konnichiwa Anne (こんにちは アン) by Akiko Usagawa. It chronicles the early years of main character Anne Shirley as she loses both her parents and is adopted by Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert.

It aired on BS Fuji from April to December 2009 as well as Animax starting a month later.
Galuh Kingdom
The Galuh Kingdom was a medieval Sundanese kingdom located in the eastern part of Tatar Sunda (now West Java province and Banyumasan region of Central Java province), present-day Indonesia. It was established as a breakaway kingdom of the Tarumanagara around the 7th century. Traditionally the kingdom was associated with the Central & Eastern Parahyangan cultural regions, with territory spanning from Citarum River in the west, to Cipamali and Cisarayu River in the east. Its capital was first located in Karangkamulyan, Ciamis Regency, then Saunggalah, Kuningan and Kawali, north of present-day Ciamis.

Tarumanagara
Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma was an early Sundanese Indianised kingdom, located in western Java, whose 5th-century ruler, Purnawarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions in Java, which are estimated to date from around 358 CE.

At least seven stone inscriptions connected to this kingdom were discovered in Western Java area, near Bogor and Jakarta. They are Ciaruteun, Kebon Kopi, Jambu, Pasir Awi, and Muara Cianten inscriptions near Bogor; Tugu inscription near Cilincing in North Jakarta; and Cidanghiang inscription in Lebak village, Munjul district, south of Banten.: 36
Wayside School
Wayside School is a series of short story cycle children's books written by Louis Sachar.  Titles in the series include Sideways Stories from Wayside School (1978), Wayside School Is Falling Down (1989), Wayside School Gets a Little Stranger (1995), and Wayside School Beneath the Cloud of Doom (2020). The books tell of a school where the contractor misread the blueprints and mistakenly built it sideways. As such the school was constructed as a 30-story skyscraper. The 19th floor was omitted from the plans.

Sachar released two spinoff books of mathematics and puzzles interspersed with stories: Sideways Arithmetic from Wayside School (1989) and More Sideways Arithmetic from Wayside School (1994). Wayside: The Movie is a television special loosely based on the books that aired in 2005, and was followed-up by the Wayside animated series that originally ran from 2007 to 2008.

Wayside School Beneath the Cloud of Doom
United States portal

Children's literature portal

Books portal

Wayside School Beneath the Cloud of Doom is a 2020 children's short story cycle novel by American author Louis Sachar. It is the fourth book in the main Wayside School series, and the sixth book overall.

The book is set in the titular Wayside School, an elementary school that was accidentally built sideways, being thirty stories tall with one classroom on each floor, but without a nineteenth story. The book focuses on the school as the Cloud of Doom, a large gloomy storm cloud, settles above the school, inciting bouts of anxiety and depression in the students. In an interview with The Washington Post, Louis Sachar explains that the story was inspired by various factors in the modern world that have been causing him stress, including global warming, his mother's battle with Alzheimer's disease, and the election of Donald Trump.
Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center
Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center (BSLMC) is the private adult teaching hospital of Baylor College of Medicine jointly owned with St. Luke's Health. The medical staff at the hospital includes full-time Baylor faculty, as well as community physicians. The hospital was formerly known as St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital before its acquisition by Catholic Health Initiatives in 2013 and subsequent co-ownership agreement with Baylor in 2014. It is located on Bertner Avenue in the Texas Medical Center in Houston. The hospital is an 881-bed institution that is also a clinical partner of the Texas Heart Institute.

St. Luke's Health
St. Luke's Health is a health system located in the Greater Houston area, Texas. It is a part of one of the largest health systems and the second largest faith-based health system in the United States, CommonSpirit Health. St. Luke's Health's facilities have been recognized as some of the best in the nation.
Nathia Gali
Nathia Gali or Nathiagali (Urdu: نتھیا گلی) is a hill station and mountain resort town located in the Abbottabad District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located at the centre of the Galyat tract of the Himalayas, where several hill stations are situated. It is situated approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) away from both Murree and Abbottabad. Nathia Gali is known for its scenery, hiking trails and weather, which is much cooler than the rest of the Galyat tract due to it being at a higher altitude.

Galyat
Galyat (Urdu: گلیات ) region, or hill tract, (also written Galliat and Galiyat) is a narrow strip or area roughly 50 km (31 mi)–80 km (50 mi) north-east of Islamabad, Pakistan, extending on both sides of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Punjab border, between Abbottabad and Murree. The word itself is derived from the plural of the Urdu word gali, which means an alley between two mountains on both sides of which there are valleys and which is not the highest point in the range. Many of the towns in the area have the word gali as part of their names, and are popular tourist resorts. The area, together with the surrounding regions, is home to a linguistic continuum, which has challenged social scientists in terms of anomalous classification.
García Íñiguez
García Íñiguez I (Latin: Garsea Enneconis, Basque: Gartzea Eneko; c. 810 – 870/882), also known as García I was the second king of Pamplona from 851–2 until his death. He was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Educated in Cordoba, he was a successful military leader who led the military campaigns of the kingdom during the last years of his father's life.

Íñigo Arista
Íñigo Arista (Basque: Eneko, Arabic: ونّقه, Wannaqo, c. 771–790 – 851 or 852) was a Basque chieftain and the first king of Pamplona. He is thought to have risen to prominence after the defeat of local Frankish partisans at the Battle of Pancorbo in 816, and his rule is usually dated from shortly after the defeat of a Carolingian army in 824.

He is first attested by chroniclers as a rebel against the Emirate of Córdoba from 840 until his death a decade later. Remembered as the nation's founder, he would be referred to as early as the 10th century by the nickname "Arista", coming either from Basque Aritza (Haritza/Aiza, literally 'the oak', meaning 'the resilient') or Latin Aresta ('the considerable').
Joseph Olusola
Joseph A. F. Olusola is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he has been the Bishop of Ijesa North East in the Anglican Province of Ibadan since 2009.

Olusola was elected as the pioneer Bishop of the new Anglican Diocese of Ijesa North East on 29 October 2009 at the Episcopal synod of the Church of Nigeria Anglican Communion held at the Basilica of Grace Apo in Gudu district of the Anglican Diocese of Abuja.

Anglican Diocese of Ijesa North East
The Anglican Diocese of Ijesa North East is one of 17 dioceses within the Anglican Province of Ibadan, itself one of 14 ecclesiastical provinces within the Church of Nigeria. The current bishop is the Right Rev. Joseph Olusola, who was elected as the pioneer bishop in 2009.
Energizer Bunny
The Energizer Bunny is the mascot of Energizer batteries in Canada, United States and Turkey. It is a pink mechanical toy rabbit with an Energizer battery wearing sunglasses and blue and black striped flip-flops that beats a bass drum bearing the Energizer logo.

Energizer
Energizer Holdings, Inc. is an American manufacturer and one of the world's largest manufacturers of batteries, headquartered in Clayton, Missouri. It produces batteries under the Energizer, Ray-O-Vac, Varta, and Eveready brand names and formerly owned several personal care businesses until it separated that side of the business into a new company called Edgewell Personal Care in 2015.

In January 2018, Energizer announced it was purchasing the global battery and lighting division from Spectrum Brands, which includes the Ray-O-Vac and Varta brands, for $2 billion in cash. This acquisition was finalized in January 2019 after a lengthy regulatory approval process.
École normale supérieure de lettres et sciences humaines
The École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines (ENS LSH) was an elite French grande école specialising in the arts, humanities and social sciences. Founded in 1987 in Paris as the École normale supérieure de Fontenay-Saint-Cloud, it changed its name to ENS LSH in 2000 when it moved to Lyon. It was one of two Écoles normales supérieures (ENS) to be based in Lyon; the two came together in 2010 with the creation of the new École Normale Supérieure de Lyon.

École normale supérieure de Lyon
The École normale supérieure de Lyon (French pronunciation: [ekɔl nɔʁmal sypeʁjœʁ də ljɔ̃]; also known as ENS de Lyon, ENSL or Normale Sup' Lyon) is a French grande école located in the city of Lyon. It is one of the four prestigious écoles normales supérieures in France. The school is composed of two academic units—Arts and Sciences—with campuses in Lyon, near the confluence of the Rhône and Saône rivers.

ENS de Lyon's students usually enjoy a special civil servant status in the wake of highly competitive exams, providing they pursue careers in public service. Although it maintains extensive connections with the University of Lyon and external research institutions, including the CNRS, the school remains independent.
Remy's Ratatouille Adventure
Remy's Ratatouille Adventure, also known as Ratatouille: L'Aventure Totalement Toquée de Rémy (lit.‍, 'Remy's Totally Zany Adventure'), is a trackless dark ride located at Walt Disney Studios Park in France and Epcot in Florida. The ride first opened at Walt Disney Studios Park on 21 June 2014. A second version opened at Epcot in 2021.

Remy's Ratatouille Adventure is set in the world of Pixar's Ratatouille, where guests encounter various characters from the film.

In both versions, the ride's dialogue alternates between English and French.

Dark ride
A dark ride—or ghost train when horror themed—is an indoor amusement ride on which passengers aboard guided vehicles travel through specially lit scenes that typically contain animation, sound, music and special effects. Appearing as early as the 19th century, such exhibits include tunnels of love, scary themes and interactive stories. Dark rides are intended to tell stories, with thematic elements that immerse riders, which unfold throughout the course of the attraction.
John Lewis Wolfe
John Lewis Wolfe (10 April 1798 - 6 October 1881) was an English architect, artist and stockbroker. He had a longtime friendship with fellow architect Charles Barry, who was inspired to become an architect by Wolfe.

Charles Barry
Sir Charles Barry FRS RA (23 May 1795 – 12 May 1860) was an English architect best known for his role in the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster (also known as the Houses of Parliament) in London during the mid-19th century, but also responsible for numerous other buildings and gardens. He is known for his major contribution to the use of Italianate architecture in Britain, especially the use of the Palazzo as basis for the design of country houses, city mansions and public buildings. He also developed the Italian Renaissance garden style for the many gardens he designed around country houses.