hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C1 Advanced
C1 Advanced, previously known as Cambridge English: Advanced and the Certificate in Advanced English (CAE), is an English language examination provided by Cambridge Assessment English (previously known as Cambridge English Language Assessment and the University of Cambridge ESOL examination).

C1 Advanced looks to prove high-level achievement in English and is designed for learners preparing for university or professional life. It focuses on Level C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).

C1 Advanced is one of the examinations in Cambridge English Qualifications. Each Cambridge English Qualification targets a particular level of the CEFR.

Cambridge English Qualifications
Cambridge English Qualifications are a graduated series of exams designed to assess competency in English for learners of English as a second or foreign language. The Cambridge English Qualifications are based on the candidate's scoring on the Cambridge English Scale which is a single range of scores used to report results for Cambridge English Language Assessment exams. It was introduced in January 2015, with Cambridge English Scale scores replacing the standardised score and candidate profile used for exams taken pre-2015. The scale aims to provide exam users with more detailed information about their exam performance than was previously available.

Each of the qualifications is also aligned with a level of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). Cambridge English Qualifications are set and administered by Cambridge Assessment English (previously known as Cambridge English Language Assessment and the University of Cambridge ESOL examination).
Director's Cut (Kate Bush album)
Director's Cut is the ninth studio album by the English singer-songwriter Kate Bush, released on 16 May 2011. It consists of new versions of songs from her earlier albums The Sensual World (1989) and The Red Shoes (1993). All  tracks have new lead vocals, drums, and instrumentation and are remixed and restructured. Some song were transposed to a lower key to accommodate Bush's lowering voice. Three of the songs, including "This Woman's Work", have been completely rerecorded, often with lyrics changed in places. Bush described the album as a new project rather than a collection of remixes.

It was Bush's first album release since 2005's Aerial and the first on her own record label, Fish People.

Bush wrote all of the songs and lyrics with the exception of lines borrowed from James Joyce. The album has received mostly positive critical reviews.

The Sensual World
The Sensual World is the sixth studio album by the English singer-songwriter Kate Bush, released on 16 October 1989 by EMI Records. It entered and peaked at No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments in excess of 300,000 in the United Kingdom, and Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in the United States.
Ann Downey
Ann Downey (born 1957 in Castlecomer, Ireland) is a retired camogie player, winner of 12 All Ireland inter-county medals, captaining the team in 1989 and 1994, and seven All-Ireland club medals with St Paul's and Lisdowney (1) – one more than her sister Angela who was suspended for one final.

Angela Downey
Angela Downey-Browne (born 1957, Kilkenny) is a retired Irish sportsperson. She played camogie with her local clubs, St Paul's based in Kilkenny city and Lisdowney, and was a member of the Kilkenny senior inter-county team from 1970 to 1995. Downey is regarded as the greatest player in the history of the game.

In a senior inter-county career that 25 years she won twelve All-Ireland medals, thirteen Leinster medals and eight National League medals. With her two clubs St. Paul's and Lisdowney she collected 22 county titles and 6 All-Ireland club medals.

Downey was presented with personal awards during her career. In 1977 she was honoured with the B&I Player of the Year Award.  Almost a decade later in 1986 Downey became only the third camogie player ever to be presented with a Texaco Award. In 2004 her reputation as the greatest player of all-time was further cemented when she was named on the Camogie Team of the Century.
John Pinch the Younger
John Pinch (1796–1849) was an architect, working mainly in the city of Bath, England, and surveyor to the Pulteney and Darlington estate. He was the son of John Pinch the elder, also an architect and surveyor to the estate.

John Pinch the Elder
John Pinch (1769–1827) was an architect working mainly in the city of Bath, England.  He was surveyor to the Pulteney and Darlington estate and responsible for many of the later Georgian buildings in Bath, especially in Bathwick.
Visual flight rules
In aviation, visual flight rules (VFR) is a set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minima, i.e., in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. The pilot must be able to operate the aircraft with visual reference to the ground, and by visually avoiding obstructions and other aircraft.

If the weather is less than VMC, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules, and operation of the aircraft will be primarily through referencing the instruments rather than visual reference. In a control zone, a VFR flight may obtain a clearance from air traffic control to operate as Special VFR.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
Mina Zdravkova
Mina Zdravkova (Bulgarian: Мина Здравкова) (born 9 February 1999) is a competitive ice dancer for Bulgaria. With partner Christopher Martin Davis, she is the 2020 Bulgarian National Champion,  Bronze Medallist at the 2019 NRW Trophy, Silver Medallist at the 2020 Jégvirág Cup, and representative for Bulgaria at the 2020 European Championships, and 2021 World Figure Skating Championships. In her early career as a junior, Zdravkova represented Great Britain, partnered with Henry Aiken, attaining the Silver Medal at the 2013 British Junior National Championships.

Christopher Martin Davis
Christopher Martin Davis (born 1 March 1994) is a competitive ice dancer for Bulgaria. With partner Mina Zdravkova, he is the 2020 Bulgarian Ice Dance Champion, Silver Medallist at 2020 Jégvirág Cup, Bronze Medallist at 2019 NRW Trophy, and the Bulgarian representative at the 2020 European Figure Skating Championships and 2021 World Figure Skating Championships. Originally a U.S. citizen, Davis became a naturalized Bulgarian citizen in 2019 and has demonstrated his knowledge of the Bulgarian language in television interviews.
Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 1 West
Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 1 West was a tier 9 English Rugby Union league with teams from Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and the western region of Leicestershire taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Midlands 4 East (North) and relegated teams dropped to Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 2 West.

The division was created in 2000, along with its counterpart Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 1 East, following the splitting of the East Midlands and Leicestershire leagues and the subsequent merging of the Leicestershire and Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire leagues.  After four seasons the league was discontinued following further restructuring and the majority of teams moved into the newly created Notts, Lincs, Derbyshire/North Leicestershire and Derbyshire/North Leicestershire divisions.

Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 2 West
Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 2 West was a tier 10 English Rugby Union league with teams from Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and the western region of Leicestershire taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 1 West and there was no relegation.

The division was created in 2000, along with its counterpart Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire/Leicestershire 2 East, following the splitting of the East Midlands and Leicestershire leagues and the subsequent merging of the Leicestershire and Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire leagues.  After four seasons the league was discontinued following further restructuring and teams moved into the newly created Notts, Lincs, Derbyshire/North Leicestershire, Derbyshire/North Leicestershire and East Midlands/South Leicestershire 2 divisions.
Ian Haworth
Ian Haworth (born c. 1947) is an English anti-cultist. Originally from Lancashire, England, he moved to and lived in Toronto, Canada, in the late 1970s and early-to-mid 1980s. He returned to England in 1987 and founded the Cult Information Centre, an anti-cult organization. He also founded the Council on Mind Abuse (COMA)α in 1979 in Toronto. Haworth has acted as a consultant for two Multi-level marketing companies and found them to not be abusive of their members.

Anti-cult movement
The anti-cult movement, abbreviated ACM and also known as the countercult movement, consists of various governmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals that seek to raise awareness of religious groups that they consider to be "cults", uncover coercive practices used to attract and retain members, and help those who have become involved with harmful cult practices.

One prominent group within the anti-cult movement, Christian counter-cult organizations, oppose new religious movements (NRMs) on theological grounds, categorizing them as cults, and distribute information to this effect through church networks and via printed literature.
FM57 rifle
The FM1957 is a Swedish prototype battle rifle based on the Ag m/42 semi-automatic rifle. Along with the FN FAL, M14 rifle, Rk 60 and GRAM 63 battle rifle, it was in competition to replace the bolt action Mausers and the Ag m/42B rifles in Swedish service during the early 1960s but lost over the Heckler & Koch G3 (license built as the Ak 4 in Sweden). The FM57 therefore never entered serial production. The rifle was built in two calibers: the 6.5×55mm (standard in the Swedish Armed Forces at the time) and the 7.62×51mm NATO (which later replaced the 6.5 mm cartridge in Swedish service).

GRAM 63 battle rifle
The GRAM 63 is a prototype battle rifle that was in trials to replace the semi-automatic Ag m/42 in Swedish Army service and was manufactured by Bofors Carl Gustaf. However, it lost to the license-produced H&K G3 known as the Ak 4.
Eastern Market, Melbourne
The Eastern Market (also known as Paddys Market) was one of the three markets established in central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in the 1840s. It operated from 1847 until the demolition of its buildings in 1960.

The Market began as a general second-hand market but went through several changes of use over its 113 years of operation including as a fruit and vegetable market, entertainment precinct and town square. It declined in popularity and importance as the Queen Victoria Market took away trade from both the Eastern and Western Market.

Queen Victoria Market
The Queen Victoria Market (also known colloquially as the Vic Market or Queen Vic) is a major landmark and public marketplace in the central business district (CBD) of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Covering over seven hectares (17 acres), it is the largest open air market in the Southern Hemisphere.

Constructed in stages from the 1860s and officially opened in 1878, the Queen Victoria Market is the last remaining major market in the CBD, and along with Prahran Market and South Melbourne Market, the last of the city's Victorian era markets still operating. It is listed on both the Victorian Heritage Register and the National Heritage List, and is one of Melbourne's major tourist sites, attracting approximately 10 million visitors annually.
Maxwell coil
A Maxwell coil is a device for producing a large volume of almost constant (or constant-gradient) magnetic field. It is named in honour of the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

A Maxwell coil is an improvement of a Helmholtz coil: in operation it provides an even more uniform magnetic field (than a Helmholtz coil), but at the expense of more material and complexity.

Helmholtz coil
A Helmholtz coil is a device for producing a region of nearly uniform magnetic field, named after the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz. It consists of two electromagnets on the same axis, carrying an equal electric current in the same direction.  Besides creating magnetic fields, Helmholtz coils are also used in scientific apparatus to cancel external magnetic fields, such as the Earth's magnetic field.
German submarine U-4706
German submarine U-4706 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 7 July 1944, and was laid down on 14 November 1944 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, as yard number 948. She was launched on 19 January 1945 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Manfred Schneider on 7 February 1945.

Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote ("electric boats") to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
The Playlist
The Playlist is a British children's entertainment and music series presented by guest presenters, produced by Strawberry Blond TV for CBBC and first aired on 22 April 2017 and ended on 12 March 2022. The first series was narrated by Scott Mills. Each week the show has a different presenter with Greg James, Dev Griffin, MistaJam or Jordan North presenting the UK Singles Chart Top 10 segment and features various co-presenters since its 16th episode. The first presenters were Pixie Lott and Anton Powers. It is a replacement for the CBBC Official Chart Show, which ended in February 2017.

CBBC Official Chart Show
The CBBC Official Chart Show is a British children's entertainment series presented by Cel Spellman with Yasser Ranjha and Millie Lloyd as relief presenters. The show first aired on the CBBC network on 10 May 2015 and ended on 17 February 2017. The series was replaced by a new show taking over from April 2017 by The Playlist.
United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities (UNACLA) is a committee of local authorities that serves as an advisory
body to United Nations System for the purpose of strengthening the dialogue with local authorities from all over the
world involved in the implementation of the Habitat Agenda.

It was established in 2000 in line with the UN Habitat Governing Council Resolution 17/18 of 1999. Since September 2004, when UN-HABITAT established a formal relationship with United Cities and Local Governments, the latter names the organization's chairperson & holds 10 of its 20 seats. UNACLA secretariat is split between Barcelona (UCLG headquarters) & Nairobi (UN-HABITAT headquarters).

Currently UNACLA is chaired by Ilsur Metshin, UCLG-Euroasia President, Mayor of Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation), elected during 2019 UCLG World Summit in Durban (South Africa). He was immediately preceded in 2011-2019 by Kadir Topbaş, Mayor of Istanbul (Turkey).

United Nations Human Settlements Programme
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) is the United Nations programme for human settlements and sustainable urban development. It was established in 1977 as an outcome of the first United Nations Conference on Human Settlements and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I) held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976.  UN-Habitat maintains its headquarters at the United Nations Office at Nairobi, Kenya. It is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group. The mandate of UN-Habitat derives from the Habitat Agenda, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1996. The twin goals of the Habitat Agenda are adequate shelter for all and the development of sustainable human settlements in an urbanizing world.
Gentilly Woods, New Orleans
Gentilly Woods is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans.  A subdistrict of the Gentilly District Area, its boundaries as defined by the City Planning Commission are: Dreux Avenue to the north, Industrial Canal to the east, Gentilly Boulevard to the south and People's Avenue to the west.

Neighborhoods in New Orleans
The city planning commission for New Orleans divided the city into 13 planning districts and 73 distinct neighborhoods in 1980. Although initially in the study 68 neighborhoods were designated, and later increased by the City Planning Commission to 76 in October 2001 based in census data, most planners, neighborhood associations, researchers, and journalists have since widely adopted the 73 as the number and can even trace the number back to the early 1900s. 
While most of these assigned boundaries match with traditional local designations, some others differ from common traditional use. This is a result of the city planning commission's wish to divide the city into sections for governmental planning and zoning purposes without crossing United States census tract boundaries. While most of the listed names have been in common use by New Orleanians for generations, some designated names are rarely heard outside the planning commission's usage.
Vicariate of Solidarity
The Vicariate of Solidarity (Spanish: La Vicaría de la Solidaridad) was a human rights organization in Chile during the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. A Catholic organisation, it was created by Pope Paul VI at the request of cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez to replace the Committee of Cooperation for Peace in Chile. The Vicariate of Solidarity aimed to provide assistance to the victims of the Pinochet dictatorship and their families.

Committee of Cooperation for Peace in Chile
The Committee of Cooperation for Peace in Chile (Spanish: Comité de Cooperación para la Paz) was a Chilean peace organization founded in October 1973 by an inter-religious group led by the Archdiocese of Santiago in order to support human rights of those persecuted by the regime of General Augusto Pinochet.

It was the first active human rights organization in Chile and it lasted for two years, supporting thousands of people persecuted by the regime. It dissolved under pressure from the regime in November 1975, but the Vicariate of Solidarity was formed in its wake shortly thereafter, and it took up the baton of protection of human rights in Chile.
U.S. Route 31 in Tennessee
U.S. Route 31 (US 31) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Spanish Fort, Alabama, to Mackinaw City, Michigan. In the U.S. state of Tennessee, it runs concurrently with Interstate 65 (I-65) for the first mile northward from the Tennessee state line. There US 31 parallels I-65 to downtown Nashville. At Pulaski US 31 meets the southern terminus of US 31A in Tennessee. US 31 continues due north through Lynnville, Columbia, Spring Hill, Franklin and Brentwood to Nashville. The route splits into US 31E and US 31W in Nashville and goes into Kentucky.

U.S. Route 31A
U.S. Route 31A (US 31A)  is a 76.94-mile-long (123.82 km) alternate route of U.S. Route 31 that exists between Nashville and Pulaski, Tennessee. It is located entirely in Middle Tennessee and except for the Lewisburg bypass, where it is concurrent with SR 106, it is entirely concurrent with unsigned State Route 11 (SR 11).
Melanie Onn
Melanie Onn (born 19 June 1979) is a British politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes since 2024. A member of the Labour Party, she previously served as MP for Great Grimsby from 2015 to 2019.

Onn was Shadow Deputy Leader of the House of Commons from 2015 to 2016, and a Shadow Minister for Housing from 2017 to 2019. At the 2019 general election, she was defeated by Lia Nici, the Conservative candidate.

After leaving Parliament, Onn served as Deputy Chief Executive of RenewableUK from 2020 to 2023. At the 2024 general election, she was elected as MP for the new constituency of Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes, defeating Nici in a rematch.

Lia Nici
Lia Nici-Townend (born 1 August 1969) is a British politician. She was Member of Parliament (MP) for Great Grimsby from the 2019 general election before losing her seat in 2024. She served as an Assistant Government Whip in the Truss government from September to October 2022. Nici defected from the Conservative Party to Reform UK in December 2025.
Echinocandin
Echinocandins are a class of antifungal drugs that inhibit the synthesis of β-glucan in the fungal cell wall via noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme 1,3-β glucan synthase. The class has been dubbed the "penicillin of antifungals," along with the related papulacandins, as their mechanism of action resembles that of penicillin in bacteria. β-glucans are carbohydrate polymers that are cross-linked with other fungal cell wall components, the fungal equivalent to bacterial peptidoglycan. Caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin are semisynthetic echinocandin derivatives with limited clinical use due to their solubility, antifungal spectrum, and pharmacokinetic properties.

Micafungin
Micafungin, sold under the brand name Mycamine, is an echinocandin antifungal medication used to treat and prevent invasive fungal infections including candidemia, abscesses, and esophageal candidiasis. It inhibits the production of beta-1,3-glucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls that is not found in mammals.

Administered intravenously, Micafungin received final approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2005, and gained approval in the European Union in April 2008. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

In August 2023, Mycamine was acquired from Astellas Pharma by Sandoz.
Withenoc
Withenoc or Guihenoc de La Boussac (also spelled in other ways, including Wihenoc, Gwethenoc and Withenock) (c. 1035 – after 1101) was a nobleman and monk of Breton origin, who was lord of Monmouth between 1075 and 1082 and was responsible for founding Monmouth Priory.

Monmouth Priory
Monmouth Priory, in Priory Street, Monmouth, Wales, is a building that incorporates the remains of the monastic buildings attached to St Mary's Priory Church.  The priory was a Benedictine foundation of 1075, and parts of the mediaeval buildings remain.  The buildings were substantially redeveloped in the nineteenth century for use as St Mary's National School, and now form a community centre. The complex is a Grade II* listed building as of 27 June 1952. It is one of 24 sites on the Monmouth Heritage Trail.