hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Degree (graph theory)
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge. The degree of a vertex  is denoted  or . The maximum degree of a graph  is denoted by , and is the maximum of 's vertices' degrees. The minimum degree of a graph is denoted by , and is the minimum of 's vertices' degrees. In the multigraph shown on the right, the maximum degree is 5 and the minimum degree is 0.

In a regular graph, every vertex has the same degree, and so we can speak of the degree of the graph. A complete graph (denoted , where  is the number of vertices in the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, .

In a signed graph, the number of positive edges connected to a vertex  is called its positive degree and the number of connected negative edges is called  negative degree.

Regular graph
In graph theory, a regular graph is a graph where each vertex has the same number of neighbors; i.e. every vertex has the same degree or valency. A regular directed graph must also satisfy the stronger condition that the indegree and outdegree of each internal vertex are equal to each other. A regular graph with vertices of degree k is called a k‑regular graph or regular graph of degree k.
Eduard Roschmann
Eduard Roschmann (25 November 1908 – 8 August 1977) was an Austrian Nazi SS-Obersturmführer and commandant of the Riga Ghetto during 1943. He was responsible for numerous murders and other atrocities. As a result of a fictionalized portrayal in the novel The Odessa File by Frederick Forsyth and its subsequent film adaptation, Roschmann came to be known as the "Butcher of Riga".

The Odessa File (film)
The Odessa File is a 1974 thriller film, adapted from the 1972 novel of the same name by Frederick Forsyth, about a reporter's investigation into the ODESSA: an organisation set up to protect former members of the SS in post-Second World War West Germany. The film stars Jon Voight, Mary Tamm, Maximilian Schell and Maria Schell and was directed by Ronald Neame, with a score by Andrew Lloyd Webber. It was the only film that the Schell siblings made together.
Isgelen tarag
Isgelen tarag (Mongolian: исгэлэн тараг, ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ, or kefir) is a yogurt drink made by the Mongolian people, most commonly by nomadic families. It often uses the milk of a mare, sheep, cows, the yak, camels (specifically, khormog, or of reindeer, depending on local traditions or availability. It holds special status in Mongolia, Buryatia, and Inner Mongolia, both as the prime spirit of choice among pastoral units and served to esteemed guests.

The difference between airag or Kumis and isgelen tarag is mostly in the milk used (mare's milk vs. cattle milk). However, the two products are consumed in a very similar manner. Isgelen tarag is a refreshing beverage containing about 2% alcohol. Very often though it gets distilled to Arkhi (milk liquor).

Arkhi
Arkhi (Mongolian: Архи, ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ, lit. "alcohol," sometimes translated as vodka) is a liquor made from airag, fermented milk brandy, or isgelen tarag (Mongolian: исгэлэн тараг, ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ, or kefir) which then gets distilled. Isgelen tarag often uses the milk of a mare, donkeys, sheep, cows, the yak, camels (specifically, khoormog (ингэний хоормог)) or of reindeer, depending on local traditions or availability. It holds special status in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, both as the prime spirit of choice among pastoral units and served to esteemed guests.

It is often reserved for the family and never sold in Mongolia, slowly being replaced by vodka, also referred to as arkhi.

In and around Inner Mongolia, it is more regularly produced and sold. Industrial production and bottling occurs in locations such as Chifeng.
Nahas Angula
Nahas Gideon Angula (born 22 August 1943) is a Namibian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 2005 to 4 December 2012. He was succeeded by Hage Geingob in a cabinet reshuffle after the 2012 SWAPO Party congress. He subsequently served as Minister of Defence from 2012 to 2015.

Angula is a member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). He was Minister of Education, Culture, Youth and Sport from 1990 to 1995 and Minister of Higher Education from 1995 to 2005.

Ministry of Higher Education (Namibia)
The Ministry of Higher Education was a department of the Namibian government. It was established in 1995 under the name Ministry of Higher Education and Vocational Education as a split-off from the Ministry of Education (MOE) and existed in this form until 2005 when its portfolio fell back to the MOE. In 2015 it was reestablished as Ministry of Higher Education, Training and Innovation (MHETI).

In 2025 the ministry was again disestablished. The portfolios of innovation, as well as higher education were given back to the Ministry of Education, the portfolio of training was discontinued.

The first Namibian higher education minister was Nahas Angula, the last minister was Itah Kandji-Murangi.
Black Isle
The Black Isle (Scottish Gaelic: an t-Eilean Dubh, pronounced [ən̪ˠ ˈtʲʰelan ˈt̪uh]) is a peninsula within Ross and Cromarty, in the Scottish Highlands.  It includes the towns of Cromarty and Fortrose, and the villages of Culbokie, Resolis, Jemimaville, Rosemarkie, Avoch, Munlochy, Tore, and North Kessock, as well as numerous smaller settlements. About 12,000 people live on the Black Isle, depending on the definition.

It contains the civil parishes of Killearnan, Knockbain, Avoch, Rosemarkie, Cromarty, Resolis, and Urquhart.  These parishes had a total population of 12,302  at the 2011 census.

The northern slopes of the Black Isle offer fine views of Dingwall, Ben Wyvis, Fyrish and the deepwater anchorage at Invergordon. To the south, Inverness and the Monadhliath Mountains can be seen.

Fortrose
Fortrose is a town and former royal burgh on the Black Isle in the Highland council area of Scotland, about six miles (ten kilometres) northeast of Inverness. The town is known for its ruined 13th-century cathedral, and as the home of the Brahan Seer. Chanonry Point, a nearby headland projecting into the Moray Firth, is a popular location for dolphin spotting.
Shawn Kemp
Shawn Travis Kemp Sr. (born November 26, 1969) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the Seattle SuperSonics, Cleveland Cavaliers, Portland Trail Blazers, and Orlando Magic in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "Reign Man", he was a six-time NBA All-Star and a three-time All-NBA Second Team member. Kemp is widely regarded as one of the best slam dunkers of all time and made the 1996 NBA Finals with the SuperSonics.

Kemp was a member of the United States national team at the 1994 FIBA World Championship where he won gold and was named to the All-Tournament team. He was part of a famous Pick And Roll duo with All-Star Teammate Gary Payton.

1996 NBA Finals
The 1996 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 1995–96 season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Seattle SuperSonics (64–18) played the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls (72–10), with the Bulls holding home court advantage. The teams' 136 combined regular season wins shattered the previous record of 125, set in 1985 between the Los Angeles Lakers who won 62 games and the Boston Celtics who won 63 games in the past regular season. The series, the 50th NBA finals in league history, was played under a best-of-seven format. This was the first championship in the Chicago Bulls' second three-peat.

Chicago won the series 4 games to 2. Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP, his fourth time winning the award.
The Mammals
The Mammals are a contemporary folk rock band based in the Hudson Valley area of New York, in the United States.

The band tours internationally and consists of founding members and principal songwriters Mike Merenda (guitar, banjo) and Ruth Ungar (fiddle, guitar) plus Konrad Meissner (drums) and a rotating cast of players on bass, organ, and pedal steel.

The Mammals sing and play in a style heavily influenced by traditional folk, soul, old-time, blues, Cajun, Celtic and rock and roll. Their lyrics sometimes address political and environmental concerns; topics such as war, social justice, and sustainability. Ungar is the daughter of fiddler and composer Jay Ungar, who is best known for his composition Ashokan Farewell which the band also performs.

Ruth Ungar
Ruth Ungar Merenda was born February 19, 1976, in Mount Kisco, New York. She is a singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist who plays fiddle, ukulele and guitar. She is the daughter of fiddler/composer Jay Ungar and singer Lyn Hardy and a graduate of Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York.

Her song Four Blue Walls, inspired by the play Danny and the Deep Blue Sea by John Patrick Shanley was recorded by Canadian band The Duhks, on their eponymous 2005 album produced by Béla Fleck and Gary Paczosa. Her song Simple and Sober was recorded by Lindsay Lou on her 2018 album Southland.[1]

Ungar resides in the Hudson Valley of New York State with her husband Michael J. Merenda, Jr and their two children, Willy and Opal Merenda. The couple produce a bi-annual music festival at the Ashokan Center called The Hoot which they launched in 2013.
Ficus fraseri
Ficus fraseri, the white sandpaper fig or shiny sandpaper fig, is one of several fig species commonly known as sandpaper figs. It is native to the northern and eastern coasts of Australia, and to New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Other common names are "figwood" and "watery fig".

It grows as either a shrub or tree with height ranging from around 6 to 15 metres.
Its leaves are 6 to 14 cm long and 2.5 to 6.5 cm wide on petioles that are 1 to 2 cm long. The rounded figs are 1 to 1.5 cm long and start out yellow in colour, maturing to orange-red between May and February in the species' native range. They are edible, but insipid.

In Australia, the species occurs from Tuggerah Lake in New South Wales, northwards to the Atherton Tableland in Queensland, and rarely in the Northern Territory.

The grey-headed flying fox feeds on the figs.

Although rarely seen in cultivation, it is a fast-growing, ornamental species that can be easily propagated from seed.

Ficus
Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/ or /ˈfiːkəs/) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig (F. carica) and sycamore fig (F. sycomorus), are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife. Figs are also of considerable cultural importance throughout the tropics, both as objects of worship and for their many practical uses.
Sand engine
The sand engine or sand motor (Dutch: zandmotor) is a type of beach nourishment where a large volume of sediment is added to a coast. The natural forces of wind, waves and tides then distribute the sand along the coast over many years, preventing the need for repetitive beach nourishment. The method is expected to be more cost effective and also reduces the repeated ecological disturbances caused by replenishment.

The first sand engine was constructed off South Holland in the Netherlands. A 128 ha hook-shaped peninsula was created between Ter Heijde and Kijkduin in 2011 at the request of the Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland.

Beach nourishment
Beach nourishment (also referred to as beach renourishment, beach replenishment, or sand replenishment) describes a process by which sediment, usually sand, lost through longshore drift or erosion is replaced from other sources. A wider beach can reduce storm damage to coastal structures by dissipating energy across the surf zone, protecting upland structures and infrastructure from storm surges, tsunamis and unusually high tides. Beach nourishment is typically part of a larger integrated coastal zone management aimed at coastal defense. Nourishment is typically a repetitive process because it does not remove the physical forces that cause erosion; it simply mitigates their effects.

The first nourishment project in the United States was at Coney Island, New York in 1922 and 1923. It is now a common shore protection measure used by public and private entities.
Moderately prosperous society
Moderately prosperous society or Xiaokang society (Chinese: 小康社会; pinyin: Xiǎokāng Shèhuì), is a Chinese term, originally of Confucianism, used to describe a society composed of a functional middle-class. In December 1979, Deng Xiaoping, then paramount leader of China, first proposed the idea of "Xiaokang" based on the "Four Modernizations".

The term is best known in recent years through its use by Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party between 2002 and 2012, when referring to economic policies intended to realize a more equal distribution of wealth. In the usages (Tifa) of current General Secretary Xi Jinping, the term Chinese Dream has gained somewhat greater prominence. In 2015, Xi unveiled a set of political slogans called the Four Comprehensives, which include "Comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society."

Four Comprehensives
The Four Comprehensives, fully as the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy (四个全面战略布局), are four political goals put forward by Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2014. They are:

Comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society → Comprehensively build a modern socialist country

Comprehensively deepen reform

Comprehensively govern the nation according to law

Comprehensively strict discipline of the Party.
Lake Wahapo
Lake Wahapo (Māori: Wahapako) is a small glacial lake in South Westland, New Zealand, within the Westland Tai Poutini National Park and near the township of Whataroa. It was a traditional mahinga kai (food-gathering place) for local Māori. State Highway 6 skirts the lake's southern shore. The lake discharges to the Ōkārito River via a small hydroelectric power station commissioned in 1960. The ecology of the lake has altered considerably since 1967, when the Waitangitāhuna River changed course to flow into the lake.

Waitangitāhuna River
The Waitangitāhuna River (formerly called the Waitangitaona River) are two rivers in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island. It was a single river until an avulsion in March 1967, when it became two rivers. Since then, the southern portion of the river has flowed into Lake Wahapo, while the northern section discharges into the Tasman Sea north of Ōkārito Lagoon.
Martina Kisková
Martina Kisková (née Živorová, born 27 June 1975) is a Slovak engineer, she was First Lady of Slovakia, and wife of President Andrej Kiska. Kisková, who became First Lady in 2014 at the age of 38, is the country's youngest first lady in its history.

Andrej Kiska
Andrej Kiska (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈandrej ˈkiska]; born 2 February 1963) is a Slovak politician, entrepreneur, writer  and philanthropist who served as the fourth president of Slovakia from 2014 to 2019. He ran as an independent candidate in the 2014 presidential election in which he was elected to the presidency in the second round of voting over Prime Minister Robert Fico. Kiska declined to run for a second term in 2019. He has written two books about happiness, success, and his life.
Nanno
Nanno (Nones: Nan) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 623 and an area of 4.3 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi). It was merged with Tassullo and Tuenno on January 1, 2016, to form a new municipality, Ville d'Anaunia.

Nanno borders the following municipalities: Tassullo, Tuenno, Terres, Flavon and Denno.

Tuenno
Tuenno (Nones: Tuèn) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,291 and an area of 70.7 square kilometres (27.3 sq mi). It was merged with Tassullo and Nanno on January 1, 2016, to form a new municipality, Ville d'Anaunia.

Tuenno borders the following municipalities: Campodenno, Cles, Cunevo, Denno, Dimaro, Flavon, Molveno, Spormaggiore and Terres.
Shingo Nakagawa
Shingo Nakagawa (中川 真吾, Nakagawa Shingo, born May 8, 1983) is a Japanese stage and screen actor from Tochigi Prefecture.

Nakagawa was affiliated with the acting group D-BOYS, produced by Watanabe Entertainment. He joined D-BOYS on the group's second open audition in July 2005, receiving the Judge's Choice special award.

D-Boys
D-Boys (stylized as D-BOYS) is a Japanese acting troupe affiliated with Watanabe Entertainment. The D in the group's name stands for "Drama" (acting work), "Dream", "Debut", "Discovery" and "Development" (growth and advancement).

Although the D-Boys are promoted as a group and members occasionally work together on the same projects, each actor develops his career independently from his fellow members in their own television, cinema and theatre projects. New D-Boys members are regularly selected through public audition events with interactive participation of fan club members.
Montgomery Cemetery
Montgomery Cemetery is a historic cemetery located near the Schuylkill River on Hartranft Avenue and along Jackson Street in West Norriton Township, Pennsylvania, immediately adjacent to and southwest of the Municipality of Norristown.

Founded in the late 1840s, the cemetery is the final resting place of several high-ranking Civil War officers and former governors of Pennsylvania. The cemetery is adjacent to Riverside Cemetery, which was founded a half century later, during the fin de siècle era of the 19th century. The cemetery is currently administered by the Historical Society of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, located in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

Norristown, Pennsylvania
Norristown is a borough with home rule status and the county seat of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.  Located along the Schuylkill River, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from Philadelphia, Norristown had a population of 35,748 as of the 2020 census. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in the county and second-most populous borough in Pennsylvania.

It is the largest non-township municipality in Montgomery County and is located 49.8 miles (80.1 km) southeast of Allentown and 19.9 miles (32.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia.
Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies
Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies (SSCBS), previously known as College of Business Studies, is an institute for management studies under Delhi University, India. It is located at Sector 16, Rohini, Delhi. It is named after Sukhdev Thapar, who was a prominent freedom fighter in the pre-independence era. The college was established in 1987 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development as the first institution of a collegiate business school in India to offer management education at the undergraduate level. It is considered 
the best undergraduate business school in India.

Rohini, Delhi
Rohini is a sub city and a neighbourhood in the North West Delhi district of the Union Territory of Delhi, India. It was developed as part of sub-city project of Delhi Development Authority (DDA), which was started in the 1980s to provide a composite society for all income groups. Rohini is one of the 12 zones administered under the Municipal Corporation of Delhi.
Rudraprayag
Rudraprayag is a city and a municipality in Rudraprayag district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Rudraprayag is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River, the point of confluence of rivers Alaknanda and Mandakini. Kedarnath, a Hindu holy city, is located 86 km from Rudraprayag. The man-eating leopard of Rudraprayag hunted and written about by Jim Corbett lived here.

Alaknanda River
The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and a river considered holy in Hinduism. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is considered the source stream of the Ganges on account of its greater length and discharge; while, in Hindu tradition and culture, the other headstream, the Bhagirathi, is considered the source stream.
Kevin Painter
Kevin Painter (born 12 July 1967) is an English former professional darts player who competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) tournaments from 1992 to 2001, before switching to the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) in 2001, playing professionally until 2021. Nicknamed "the Artist". he was the runner-up to Phil Taylor in the 2004 PDC World Championship final, widely considered as one of the greatest televised matches in darts history. He won his only PDC major title at the Players Championship Finals in 2011.

2011 Players Championship Finals (December)
The December 2011 Cash Converters Players Championship Finals was the fourth edition of the PDC tournament, the Players Championship Finals, which saw the top 32 players from the 2011 PDC Players Championship Order of Merit taking part. The tournament took place between 8–11 December 2011 and was held at the Doncaster Dome, Doncaster, England. This was also the first Players Championship Final to be held before the PDC World Championship.

Phil Taylor was the defending champion, but he was defeated in the second round by Mervyn King. Kevin Painter came through the field with increasingly impressive performances to secure his first televised major title, defeating Mark Webster 13–9 in the final.
FC Porto (youth)
Futebol Clube do Porto "Juniors" (Portuguese: Juniores), commonly known as Porto Juniors, is the under-19 football team comprised in the youth department of Portuguese club FC Porto. They play their home matches at the Estádio Municipal Jorge Sampaio in Pedroso, Vila Nova de Gaia.

Domestically, Porto have won 23 Campeonato Nacional de Juniores titles. Internationally, they won the Blue Stars/FIFA Youth Cup in 2011 and the UEFA Youth League in 2019. In the latter, they became the first Portuguese club to conquer the competition and were also distinguished with the "UEFA's Best Educational Action" award.

Between the department's several development teams, two other youth categories complete the three main age groups, the Juvenis (under-17) and the Iniciados (under-15), who compete in their respective national leagues organised by the Portuguese Football Federation.

2018–19 UEFA Youth League
The 2018–19 UEFA Youth League was the sixth season of the UEFA Youth League, a European youth club football competition organised by UEFA.

The final was played on 29 April 2019 at the Colovray Stadium in Nyon, Switzerland, between English side Chelsea and Portuguese side Porto. In their first appearance in the final, Porto won 3–1 and secured their first title in the competition, the first ever for a Portuguese team. Barcelona were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Chelsea in the semi-finals, in a rematch of the previous season's final.