hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the innermost layer of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the surrounding interstitial fluid, and they convey blood from the smallest branches of the arteries (arterioles) to those of the veins (venules). Other substances which cross capillaries include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose, uric acid, lactic acid and creatinine. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymphatic fluid collected in microcirculation.

Endothelium
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries.

These cells have unique functions that include fluid filtration, such as in the glomerulus of the kidney, blood vessel tone, hemostasis, neutrophil recruitment, and hormone trafficking. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers is called endocardium. An impaired function can lead to serious health issues throughout the body.
Crisis (British comics)
Crisis (also known as 2000 AD Presents: Crisis) was a British comic anthology published by Fleetway Publications from 17 September 1988 to October 1991, initially fortnightly and later monthly. Designed to appeal to older readers than other Fleetway titles in order to take advantage of a boom in interest in 'adult' comics, Crisis featured overtly political and complex stories; one issue was even produced in conjunction with Amnesty International.

Despite being branded under the umbrella of the successful 2000 AD, the comic was not a sales success and – despite periodic attempts at revamps – was cancelled after 63 issues. However, it did feature early work by a number of notable British comics creators, including Garth Ennis, John McCrea, Mark Millar, Grant Morrison and John Smith.

2000 AD (comics)
2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction-oriented comic magazine. As a comics anthology it serialises stories in each issue (known as "progs") and was first published by IPC Magazines in 1977, the first issue dated 26 February. Since 2000, it has been published by Rebellion Developments.

2000 AD is most noted for its Judge Dredd stories, and has been contributed to by a number of artists and writers who became renowned in the field internationally, such as Alan Moore, Dave Gibbons, Grant Morrison, Brian Bolland, Mike McMahon, John Wagner, Alan Grant and Garth Ennis. Other series in 2000 AD include Rogue Trooper, Sláine, The Ballad of Halo Jones, Strontium Dog, ABC Warriors, Nemesis the Warlock and Nikolai Dante.
Banach–Alaoglu theorem
In functional analysis and related branches of mathematics, the Banach–Alaoglu theorem (also known as Alaoglu's theorem) states that the closed unit ball of the dual space of a normed vector space is compact in the weak* topology. 
A common proof identifies the unit ball with the weak-* topology as a closed subset of a product of compact sets with the product topology. 
As a consequence of Tychonoff's theorem, this product, and hence the unit ball within, is compact.

This theorem has applications in physics when one describes the set of states of an algebra of observables, namely that any state can be written as a convex linear combination of so-called pure states.

Polar set
In functional and convex analysis, and related disciplines of mathematics, the polar set  is a special convex set associated to any subset  of a vector space  lying in the dual space  
The bipolar of a subset is the polar of  but lies in  (not ).
Safe Space (South Park)
"Safe Space" is the fifth episode of the nineteenth season and the 262nd overall episode of the animated television series South Park, written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. The episode premiered on Comedy Central on October 21, 2015. It parodies the idea of safe spaces while also continuing the season-long lampoon on political correctness.

Safe space
The term safe space refers to places "intended to be free of bias, conflict, criticism, or potentially threatening actions, ideas, or conversations", according to Merriam-Webster. The term originated in LGBTQ culture, but has since expanded to include any place where a marginalized minority (e.g., gender, racial, religious, ethnic) can come together to communicate regarding their shared experiences. Safe spaces are most commonly located on university campuses in the western world, but also are at workplaces, as in the case of Nokia.

The terms safe space (or safe-space), safer space, and positive space may also indicate that a teacher, educational institution or student body does not tolerate violence, harassment, or hate speech, thereby creating a safe place for marginalized people.
Harry Bates (writer)
Hiram Gilmore "Harry" Bates III (October 9, 1900 – September 1981) was an American science fiction editor and writer. His  short story "Farewell to the Master" (1940) was the basis of the science fiction movie The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951).

The Day the Earth Stood Still
The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 1951 American science fiction film from 20th Century Fox, produced by Julian Blaustein and directed by Robert Wise. It stars Michael Rennie, Patricia Neal, Hugh Marlowe, Sam Jaffe, Billy Gray, Frances Bavier and Lock Martin. The screenplay was written by Edmund H. North, based on the 1940 science fiction short story "Farewell to the Master" by Harry Bates. The film score was composed by Bernard Herrmann. Set in the Cold War during the early stages of the nuclear arms race, the storyline involves a humanoid alien visitor who comes to Earth, accompanied by a powerful robot, to deliver an important message that will affect the entire human race. In 1995, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Maria McAuley
Maria McAuley (née Fahy; c. 1841 – September 19, 1919), later Maria Gilbert, was an American missioner who, along with her husband Jerry McAuley, founded the McAuley Water Street Mission (now the New York City Rescue Mission) to shelter the poor of New York City who were primarily immigrants. The couple were Irish Catholics immigrants who became Protestants and missioners after being saved from a lifestyle of drinking and crime by missionaries. McAuley Mission became the first of over 300 rescue missions in the United States; together, these form the Association of Gospel Rescue Missions. Her second husband was noted New York City architect Bradford Gilbert.

Bradford Gilbert
Bradford Lee Gilbert (March 24, 1853 – September 1, 1911) was a nationally active American architect based in New York City. He is known for designing the Tower Building in 1889, the first steel-framed building anywhere and the first skyscraper in New York City. This technique was soon copied across the United States. He also designed Atlanta's Cotton States and International Exposition of 1895, the Flatiron Building in Atlanta, and many railroad stations.
Blockade of Strasburg
The blockade of Strasburg occurred from October to 10 December 1659 during the Second Northern War. A Polish–Brandenburgian force under the command of Henryk Denhoff and Bogusław Radziwiłł respectively approached the city in October, cutting off supplies and reinforcements. This forced the commander of the 100 strong Swedish garrison, Johann Pleitner, to surrender. While initially promised free departure to Elbing, he and the survivors were later rounded up by Radziwiłł and made into prisoners of war.

Bogusław Radziwiłł
Bogusław Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: Boguslavas Radvila; 3 May 1620 – 31 December 1669) was a Polish princely magnate and a member of the Polish-Lithuanian szlachta, or nobility. He was of the Radziwiłł magnate family. By birth he was an Imperial Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He was a descendant of the famous knight, Zawisza the Black. Following the death of Janusz Radziwiłł, he briefly served as Grand Hetman of Swedish Lithuania.
Abolitionist teaching
Abolitionist teaching, also known as abolitionist pedagogy, is a set of practices and approaches to teaching that emphasize abolishing educational practices considered by its proponents to be inherently problematic and oppressive. The term was coined by education professor and critical theorist Bettina Love.

Proponents of the approach have criticized test-taking and prohibitions on cheating, as well as deemphasize traditional literacy and math improvement programs. Private organizations working under the banner of abolitionist teaching have stirred controversy bringing progressive politics and activism into classrooms, which includes promoting anti-police, anti-capitalism and anti-Zionist viewpoints.

Bettina L. Love
Dr. Bettina L. Love is an American author and academic. She is the William F. Russell Professor at Teachers College, Columbia University, where she has been instrumental in establishing abolitionist teaching in schools. According to Love, abolitionist teaching refers to restoring humanity for children in schools. Love also advocates eliminating standardized testing.
Floral design
Floral design or flower arrangement is the art of using plant material and flowers to create an eye-catching and balanced composition or display. Evidence of refined floral design is found as far back as the culture of ancient Egypt. Floral designs, called arrangements, incorporate the five elements and seven principles of floral design.

Floral design is considered a section of floristry. But floral design pertains only to the design and creation of arrangements. It does not include the marketing, merchandising, caring of, growing of, or delivery of flowers.

Common flower arrangements in floral design include vase arrangements, wreaths, nosegays, garlands, festoons, boutonnieres, corsages, and bouquets.

Flower bouquet
A flower bouquet is a collection of flowers in a creative arrangement. Flower bouquets can be arranged for the decor of homes or public buildings or may be handheld. Several popular shapes and styles classify handheld bouquets, including nosegay, crescent, and cascading bouquets. Flower bouquets are often given for special occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries or funerals. They are also used extensively in weddings and at the Olympic medal ceremonies. Bouquets arranged in vases or planters for home decor can be placed in traditional or modern styles. According to the culture, symbolism may be attached to the types of flowers used.
Gynomonoecy
Gynomonoecy is defined as the presence of both female and hermaphrodite flowers on the same individual of a plant species. It is prevalent in Asteraceae but is poorly understood.

It is a  monomorphic sexual system comparable with monoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy.

Monoecy
Monoecy (from Ancient Greek  μονοικία (monoikía) 'one household'; adj. monoecious), is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contrasted with dioecy where individual plants produce cones or flowers of only one sex, and with bisexual or hermaphroditic plants in which male and female gametes are produced in the same flower.

Monoecy often co-occurs with anemophily, because it prevents self-pollination of individual flowers and reduces the probability of self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant.: 32

Monoecy in angiosperms has been of interest for evolutionary biologists since Charles Darwin.
Sakura-class patrol ship
The Sakura-class patrol ships consist of 12 OPV-type patrol vessels planned to be operated by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

Admist the rising tensions over the Senkaku Islands and to replace older vessels such as the Hayabusa-class patrol boats, in 2022, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force launched the Next-Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) program. Construction of the Sakura-class began as part of the program in 2023, and by late 2025, the first two ships have launched.

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 海上自衛隊, Hepburn: Kaijō Jieitai), abbreviated JMSDF (海自, Kaiji), also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the navy branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 164 ships, 346 aircraft and 50,800 personnel.
Microfibril
A microfibril is a very fine fibril, or fiber-like strand, consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose. It is usually, but not always, used as a general term in describing the structure of protein fiber, e.g. hair and sperm tail. Its most frequently observed structural pattern is the 9+2 pattern in which two central protofibrils are surrounded by nine other pairs. Cellulose inside plants is one of the examples of non-protein compounds that are using this term with the same purpose. Cellulose microfibrils are laid down in the inner surface of the primary cell wall.  As the cell absorbs water, its volume increases and the existing microfibrils separate and new ones are formed to help increase cell strength.

Fibril
Fibrils (from Latin  fibra) are structural biological materials found in nearly all living organisms. Not to be confused with fibers or filaments, fibrils tend to have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers (whereas fibers are micro to milli-scale structures and filaments have diameters approximately 10–50 nanometers in size). Fibrils are not usually found alone but rather are parts of greater hierarchical structures commonly found in biological systems. Due to the prevalence of fibrils in biological systems, their study is of great importance in the fields of microbiology, biomechanics, and materials science.
Ruth Mason
Ruth Mason (7 November 1913 – 14 May 1990) was a New Zealand botanist specialising in the taxonomy and ecology of freshwater plants. She was employed at  the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for 35 years undertaking research into aquatic plants, pioneering new techniques for plant preservation and collecting over 13,000 plant specimens in the field. She was awarded life membership by the New Zealand Ecological Society.

Margaret J.A. Simpson
Margaret Jane Annand Bulfin (née Simpson) (1920–1996) was a Scotland-born New Zealand botanist, botanical collector, and mountaineer. She was an expert on New Zealand seeds and their germination, viability and identification, and as a Scientist at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research she performed extensive field work including vegetation surveys in different areas of New Zealand. She co-authored the book Seeds of New Zealand Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons, and was awarded the Allan Mere Award for her contributions to New Zealand botany.
Gjøvik Municipality
Gjøvik (Gjøvikⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Gjøvik. Some of the villages in Gjøvik include Biri, Bybrua, Hunndalen, Snertingdal, and Vardal.

The 671-square-kilometre (259 sq mi) municipality is the 169th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gjøvik Municipality is the 35th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 31,175. The municipality's population density is 46.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.2% over the previous 10-year period.

Biri, Norway
Biri is a village in Gjøvik Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the western shore of the lake Mjøsa, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the town of Gjøvik. The Norwegian National Road 4 highway runs through the village which is near the Mjøsa Bridge about halfway between the towns of Lillehammer and Gjøvik.

The 2.08-square-kilometre (510-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,666 and a population density of 801 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,070/sq mi).
E4 Championship
Euro 4 Championship, known since 2025 as the E4 Championship, is a formula racing series regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations. The championship was inaugurated in 2023 and was designed to provide more racing opportunities for teams and drivers in Italian F4 Championship after the folding of ADAC Formula 4.

2023 Euro 4 Championship
The 2023 Euro 4 Championship was the inaugural season of the Euro 4 Championship. It was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations, run by ACI Sport and WSK Promotion.  The championship uses Tatuus F4-T421 chassis. The inaugural championship was won by Ugo Ugochukwu.
Major Arena Soccer League
The Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) is a professional indoor soccer league in North America. The MASL features teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico. The league is the highest level of arena soccer in North America. The league draws talent from a global talent pool with players from Major League Soccer (MLS), Liga MX, and many national teams. With a new management team, the league has grown in popularity and commercially. Former USMNT and MLS star Landon Donovan played in the MASL, as do multiple international players.

Premier Arena Soccer League
The Premier Arena Soccer League (PASL) was a professional men's and women's indoor soccer league; along with a number of amateur teams across North America. The PASL was previously known as the Federation of Sports Arenas (FSA). The PASL logo formerly belonged to what is now the Major Arena Soccer League.

Established in 1998, the PASL has been at the forefront of promoting and advancing the sport of indoor soccer for over 25 years. The league provides a platform for talented athletes to compete at the highest level and has played a crucial role in the growth of indoor soccer across the country.

PASL is an affiliated member of the Pan-American Minifootball Federation and the World Minifootball Federation. In 2024, the PASL was acquired by Auden Enterprises

Founders

Kevin Milliken - Off the Wall Soccer, Chico, CA

Jan Eric Nordmo - Off the Wall Soccer, Santa Clara, CA Chico, CA Hillsboro, OR
Wakana (singer, born 1984)
Wakana Ootaki (大滝若奈, Ōtaki Wakana; born December 10, 1984) is a Japanese pop singer. She was one of the vocalists of the FictionJunction project started by Yuki Kajiura, and is a core member of the vocal group Kalafina. She is currently signed with Victor Entertainment with a solo career, having released two albums and an EP that have charted on Oricon.

FictionJunction
FictionJunction is the solo project of Japanese composer Yuki Kajiura featuring guests musicians, mainly singers. Historically, works between Kajiura and a vocalist were referenced by adding the singer's name after "FictionJunction". Although both perform under the FJ title and are collaborations with Kajiura, they are separate projects.
Exudate
An exudate is a fluid released by an organism through pores or a wound, a process known as exuding or exudation.
Exudate is derived from exude 'to ooze' from Latin exsūdāre 'to (ooze out) sweat' (ex- 'out' and sūdāre 'to sweat').

Transudate
Transudate is extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity (< 1.012). It has low nucleated cell counts (less than 500 to 1000 per microliter) and the primary cell types are mononuclear cells: macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells. For instance, an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma is transudate. It results from increased fluid pressures or diminished colloid oncotic forces in the plasma.
Pin Index Safety System
The Pin Index Safety System (PISS) is a means of connecting high pressure cylinders containing medical gases to a regulator or other utilization equipment.  It uses geometric features on the valve and yoke to prevent mistaken use of the wrong gas.  This system is widely used worldwide for anesthesia machines, portable oxygen administration sets, and inflation gases used in surgery.

Gas cylinder
A gas cylinder is a pressure vessel for storage and containment of gases at above atmospheric pressure. Gas storage cylinders may also be called bottles. Inside the cylinder the stored contents may be in a state of compressed gas, vapor over liquid, supercritical fluid, or dissolved in a substrate material, depending on the physical characteristics of the contents. A typical gas cylinder design is elongated, standing upright on a flattened or dished bottom end or foot ring, with the cylinder valve screwed into the internal neck thread at the top for connecting to the filling or receiving apparatus.
Garry Guzzo
Garry Guzzo (born November 18, 1941) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada.  He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2003. He represented the ridings of Ottawa–Rideau and Ottawa West—Nepean.

Ottawa–Rideau
45°21′N 75°47′W﻿ / ﻿45.350°N 75.783°W﻿ / 45.350; -75.783

Ottawa–Rideau was a short lived provincial electoral district in Ottawa, Ontario. It elected one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It was created in 1987 and was abolished in 1999 into Ottawa South, Nepean–Carleton, Ottawa West–Nepean and Ottawa Centre.

The riding included all of pre-amalgamation Ottawa south of Walkley Road south of Baseline Road. It also included part of the city of Gloucester north of Leitrim Road between Limebank Road and Conroy Road. It also included part of the city of Nepean northeast of this line: Black Rapids Creek to Woodroffe Avenue to CN railway to Merivale Road.

The riding elected two members of the Legislative Assembly: Yvonne O'Neill, a Liberal from 1987 to 1995 and then Garry Guzzo, a Progressive Conservative from 1995 to 1999.
Roses of Picardy
"Roses of Picardy" is a popular British song with lyrics by Frederic Weatherly and music by Haydn Wood. Published in London in 1916 by Chappell & Co, it is one of the most famous songs of the First World War and has been recorded frequently up to the present day.

Frederic Weatherly
Frederic Edward Weatherly, KC (4 October 1848 – 7 September 1929) was an English lawyer, author, lyricist and broadcaster. He was christened and brought up using the name Frederick Edward Weatherly, and appears to have adopted the spelling 'Frederic' later in life. He is estimated to have written the lyrics to at least 3,000 popular songs, among the best-known of which are the sentimental ballad "Danny Boy" set to the tune "Londonderry Air", the religious "The Holy City", and the wartime song "Roses of Picardy".