hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaya (Mijikenda)
A kaya (plural makaya or kayas) is a sacred site of the Mijikenda people in the former Coast Province of Kenya. Often located within sacred forests, a kaya is considered to be an intrinsic source of ritual power and the origin of cultural identity; it is also a place of prayer for members of the Mijikenda ethnic group. The settlement, ritual centre, and fortified enclosure associated with the forest are also part of the kaya. This ecozone is thought to be the only living example of what the ecosystem was like during the early settlement period of the East African coast. In the present day, the kaya is also referred to as a traditional organizational unit of the Mijikenda. Eleven of the approximately 60 separate makaya have been grouped together and inscribed as the Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mijikenda peoples
Mijikenda ("the Nine Tribes"; Swahili: Wamijikenda) are a group of nine related Bantu ethnic groups inhabiting the coast of Kenya, between the Sabaki and the Umba rivers, in an area stretching from the border with Tanzania in the south to the border near Somalia in the north. Archaeologist Chapuruka Kusimba contends that the Mijikenda formerly resided in coastal cities, but later settled in Kenya's hinterlands to avoid submission to dominant Portuguese forces that were then in control. Historically, these Mijikenda ethnic groups have been called the Nyika or Nika by outsiders. It is a derogatory term meaning "bush people."

The nine ethnic groups that make up the Mijikenda peoples are the Chonyi, Kambe, Duruma, Kauma, Ribe, Rabai, Jibana, Giriama, and Digo. The Digo are southern Mijikenda while the others are northern Mijikenda. The Digo are also found in Tanzania due to their proximity to the common border.
Eddie Lang
Eddie Lang (born Salvatore Massaro; October 25, 1902 – March 26, 1933) was an American musician who is credited as the father of jazz guitar. During the 1920s, he gave the guitar a prominence it previously lacked as a solo instrument, as part of a band or orchestra, and as accompaniment for vocalists. He recorded duets with guitarists Lonnie Johnson and Carl Kress and jazz violinist Joe Venuti, and played rhythm guitar in the Paul Whiteman Orchestra and was the favoured accompanist of Bing Crosby.

Lonnie Johnson (musician)
Alonzo "Lonnie" Johnson (February 8, 1899 – June 16, 1970) was an American blues and jazz singer, guitarist, violinist and songwriter. He was a pioneer of jazz guitar and jazz violin and is recognized as the first to play an electrically amplified violin.
Greater Grand Forks
The Greater Grand Forks (officially the Grand Forks, ND-MN Metropolitan statistical area), as defined by the Census Bureau as comprising all of Grand Forks County in North Dakota and Polk County in Minnesota, anchored by the twin cities of Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 104,362 and was estimated to be 104,184 in 2024.

The metropolitan area is also sometimes called The Forks.  Several years ago, local promoters attempted to "brand" the metropolitan area as The Grand Cities. This name has not found widespread use in the area, although several buildings and organizations now bear the "Grand Cities" title. Occasionally, the city of Grand Forks uses the nickname "The Sunflake City."

Polk County, Minnesota
Polk County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 31,192 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 30,413 in 2024. The county seat is Crookston and the largest city is East Grand Forks.

Polk County is part of the Grand Forks, ND-MN metropolitan statistical area.
Symphony No. 80 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 80 in D minor, Hoboken 1/80, is a symphony composed by Joseph Haydn in 1784 as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79 and 81. This symphony, along with the one that follows it, and the one that precedes it, were not written for Prince Nikolaus, but for a Lenten concert performed in Vienna in March 1785.

It is one of the relatively few later symphonies by Haydn to begin in the minor mode. Symphony No. 80 is highly structured with both outer movements in sonata form. There is a common (though not strict) modulation pattern seen in all four movements.

Symphony No. 79 (Haydn)
Haydn's Symphony No. 79 in F major, was composed in 1784. The symphony is characterized by a strong and joyful opening theme, as well as varied rhythms throughout all four movements, especially in the minuet. The wind section alternates throughout the symphony between doubling the string section and playing independently. Of particular note are a number of long rests, which are characteristic of Haydn.
Elizabeth Hetherwick
Elizabeth Hetherwick born Elizabeth Barclay Pithie also known as Elizabeth Fenwick (18 March, 1861 – 1945) was an unmarried orphaned teenager who became a Scottish-born missionary in Malawi. She married a man accused of cruelty and torture and they had, and lost, two children. Her hot-tempered husband was fired from two different jobs and he was killed after he murdered his business partner, who was a tribal chief. The family of the chief demanded that his wife should be surrendered, but she was taken in by the mission at Blantyre. The man who had taken her in was later replaced for championing the rights of women and Africans. Hetherwick married his successor and they moved into the manse. Hetherwick returned alone to Scotland to supervise her children's education. She was eventually reunited with her husband for the last decade of his life.

David Clement Scott
David Clement Ruffelle Scott (23 April 1853 – 18 October 1907) was a Scottish born polymath who became a Church of Scotland missionary in Africa. He was the supervisor in Blantyre until he was relieved in 1898. He then went to Kenya in 1901 where his ambitious plans caused his financial ruin. He died there in 1907. Recent study regards Scott's regard for racial equality as important and documents how others plotted against him.
Brian Vera
Bryan Lee Vera (born December 28, 1981) is an American professional boxer currently competing as a super middleweight. He is best known for his memorable and notable victories over then-undefeated Andy Lee in 2008, former world champion Sergio Mora (twice, in 2011 and 2012) and Serhiy Dzinziruk in 2013. Vera currently trains in Cedar Park, Texas.

Sergio Mora
Sergio Mora (born December 4, 1980) is an American former professional boxer.  He is a former WBC light middleweight champion, and twice challenged for the WBA (Regular) middleweight title. He was the first winner of NBC's The Contender series.
KLIA Transit
The  ERL KLIA Transit is a commuter rail service which serves as an airport rail link to the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia. It runs from KL Sentral, the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur to KLIA's Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. The line is one of the two services on the Express Rail Link (ERL) system, sharing the same tracks as the KLIA Ekspres. KLIA Transit stops at all stations along the line, whereas KLIA Ekspres runs an express, non-stop service between KL Sentral and the airport. The line is operated by Express Rail Link Sdn. Bhd. (ERL).

The line is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System. It is numbered 7 and coloured teal on official transit maps.

Kuala Lumpur Sentral station
Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station (KL Sentral) is a transit-oriented development that houses the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. Opened on 16 April 2001, KL Sentral replaced the old Kuala Lumpur railway station as the city's main inter-city railway station. KL Sentral is the largest railway station in Malaysia, and also in Southeast Asia from 2001 to 2021, before Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in Bangkok, Thailand was completed.

KL Sentral is designed as an intermodal transport hub. All of the Klang Valley's urban rail lines serve KL Sentral except the Ampang Line, Sri Petaling Line, Shah Alam Line and Putrajaya Line. Passengers can catch intercity trains serving many locations across Peninsular Malaysia to places such as Johor Bahru, Ipoh, and Butterworth, as well as special monthly excursion trains towards Thailand. It was also designed to be a new business and financial hub for Kuala Lumpur.
Ii Naomune
Ii Naomune (井伊 直宗, ? – February 13, 1542) was a Japanese samurai from the Sengoku period who served the Imagawa clan. He was the son of Ii Naohira.

Ii Naomune was from Tōtōmi, but became a vassal of Imagawa. He followed his father as the head of the household. He participated in a Mikawa Kuni Tahara Castle attack in 1542 and was killed in action. Ii Naomori of the child inherited a trace.

Ii Naomori
Ii Naomori (井伊 直盛, 1506 or 1526 – June 12, 1560) was a retainer of the Japanese Imagawa clan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. His childhood name was Toramatsu (虎松). Naomori's daughter was Ii Naotora who succeeded him as head of the Ii clan.

During the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, Naomori was killed while trying to protect his lord, Imagawa Yoshimoto during the attack led by Oda Nobunaga, who surprised his enemy when he attacked in thick fog following a hard rain.

Later, his daughter, Naotora, adopted Ii Naomasa as her son, who become one of the Four Guardian Kings of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Corkbush Field
Corkbush Field is the land to the east of Hertford along the Ware road, lying between the King's Meads at the bottom of the valley of the River Lea and the higher ground to the south known as Barrow Green Common. It is alternatively known as Cockbush Field in some sources as the 'r' and 'c' are similar in some 17th Century handwriting.  It was the site of the Ware Mutiny, also known as the Corkbush Field Mutiny of 15 November 1647.

Ware, Hertfordshire
Ware is a town and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district, in the county of Hertfordshire, England. It is close to the county town of Hertford. In the 2021 Census, the parish had a population of 19,622.
Gas laws
The physical laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called gas laws. The basic gas laws were discovered by the end of the 18th century when scientists found out that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases. The combination of several empirical gas laws led to the development of the ideal gas law.

The ideal gas law was later found to be consistent with atomic and kinetic theory.

Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron and independently of him, Dmitry Mendeleev in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. The ideal gas law is often written in an empirical form:

where ,  and  are the pressure, volume and temperature respectively;  is the amount of substance; and  is the ideal gas constant.
It can also be derived from the microscopic kinetic theory, as was achieved (independently) by August Krönig in 1856 and Rudolf Clausius in 1857.
Transgender Legal Defense & Education Fund
The Transgender Legal Defense & Education Fund (TLDEF) was an American civil rights organization that focuses on transgender (LGBT) equality through impact litigation and public policy work. In January 2024, TLDEF announced that they would be merging with the National Center for Transgender Equality to form a new organization, Advocates for Trans Equality. The merger was finalized in October 2024.

Advocates for Trans Equality
The National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE) is a nonprofit social equality organization founded in 2003 by transgender activist Mara Keisling in Washington, D.C. The organization works primarily in the areas of policy advocacy and media activism with the aim of advancing the equality of transgender people in the United States. Among other transgender-related issue areas, NCTE focuses on discrimination in employment, access to public accommodations, fair housing, identity documents, hate crimes and violence, criminal justice reform, federal research surveys and the Census, and health care access.

On October 1, 2024, the organization rebranded as Advocates for Trans Equality (A4TE), after merging with the Transgender Legal Defense and Education Fund.
Otobreda 127/54 Compact
The Otobreda 127mm/54 Compact (127/54C) gun is a dual purpose naval artillery piece built by the Italian company Oto Melara. It uses the 127mm round which is also used in the 5 inch/ 54 gun, albeit that this gun calibre is measured in United States customary units rather than metric. The gun uses an automatic loading system where 66 127mm rounds of various kinds can be stored ready-to-fire in three loader drums (each holding 22 rounds). The barrel is water-cooled. Currently the gun is still in use by navies around the world but it is slowly being replaced by the Otobreda 127/64 for new vessels, such as the German Navy's F125-class frigate and Italian Navy's FREMM.

5-inch/54-caliber Mark 45 gun
The 5-inch (127 mm)/54-caliber (Mk 45) lightweight gun is a U.S. naval artillery gun mount consisting of a 5 in (127 mm) L54 Mark 19 gun on the Mark 45 mount. It was designed and built by United Defense, a company later acquired by BAE Systems Land & Armaments, which continued manufacture.

The later 62-calibre-long version consists of a longer-barrel L62 Mark 36 gun fitted on the same Mark 45 mount. The gun is designed for use against surface warships, anti-aircraft and shore bombardment to support amphibious operations. The gun mount features an automatic loader with a capacity of 20 rounds which can be fired under full automatic control, taking a little over a minute at maximum fire rate. For sustained use, the gun mount would be occupied by a six-person crew (gun captain, panel operator, and four ammunition loaders) below deck to keep the gun continuously supplied with ammunition.
Pamela McGee
Pamela Denise McGee (born December 1, 1962) is an American former professional women's basketball player, Olympic gold medalist, and Women's Basketball Hall of Fame inductee. She is the mother of NBA player JaVale McGee and WNBL player Imani McGee-Stafford.

Imani McGee-Stafford
Imani Trishawn McGee-Stafford (born October 11, 1994) is an American professional basketball player, currently playing with the Monarcas de Juana Diaz of the BSNF. She played college basketball for University of Texas at Austin.
Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
40°17′20″N 116°04′06″E﻿ / ﻿40.2890°N 116.0683°E﻿ / 40.2890; 116.0683

The Cloud Platform at Juyongguan (simplified Chinese: 居庸关云台; traditional Chinese: 居庸關雲臺; pinyin: Jūyōngguān Yúntái) is a mid-14th-century architectural feature situated in the Guangou Valley at the Juyongguan Pass of the Great Wall of China, in the Changping District of Beijing Municipality, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of central Beijing.  Although the structure looks like a gateway, it was originally the base for three white dagobas or stupas, with a passage through it, a type of structure known as a "crossing street tower" (过街塔; 過街塔; Guòjiētǎ).  The platform is renowned for its Buddhist carvings and for its Buddhist inscriptions in six languages.  The Cloud Platform was the 98th site included in the first batch of 180 Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level as designated by the State Council of China in April 1961.

Juyong Pass
Juyong Pass (Chinese: 居庸关; pinyin: Jūyōng guān) is a mountain pass located in the Changping District of Beijing Municipality, over 50 kilometers (31 mi) from central Beijing. The Great Wall of China passes through, and the Cloud Platform was built here in the year 1342.
European Journal of Organic Chemistry
The European Journal of Organic Chemistry is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering organic chemistry. It is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe.

The journal, along with the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, was established in 1998 as the result of a merger of Chemische Berichte/Recueil, Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges, Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, Anales de Química, Chimika Chronika, Revista Portuguesa de Química, and ACH-Models in Chemistry.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.261.

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
The European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering inorganic, organometallic, bioinorganic, and solid-state chemistry. It is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe.

The journal, along with the European Journal of Organic Chemistry, was established in 1998 as the result of a merger of Chemische Berichte/Recueil, Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges, Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, Anales de Química, Chimika Chronika, Revista Portuguesa de Química, and ACH-Models in Chemistry.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 2.551.
Wamsutta
Wamsutta (c. 1634–1662), known to the New England colonists as Alexander, was the eldest son of Massasoit (meaning Great Leader) Ousa Mequin of the Pokanoket within the Wampanoag nation, and the brother of Metacomet (or Metacom).

Massasoit
Massasoit Sachem  (/ˌmæsəˈsɔɪ(ɪ)t/ MASS-ə-SOYT, -⁠SOY-it) or Ousamequin (c. 1581 – 1661) was the sachem or leader of the Wampanoag confederacy. Massasoit means Great Sachem. Although Massasoit was only his title, English colonists mistook it as his name and it stuck.

Massasoit's people had been seriously weakened by a series of epidemics and were vulnerable to attacks by the Narragansetts, and he formed an alliance with the colonists at Plymouth Colony for defense against them. It was through his assistance that the Plymouth Colony avoided starvation during the early years.
Marilyn Slaby
Marilyn Slaby (born November 19, 1939) is a former Republican member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who served the 41st District from her appointment in 2012 to 2018. She served the same district in 2004. She is married to former representative Lynn Slaby.

Lynn Slaby
Lynn Slaby (born November 4, 1938) is a Republican politician who served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2011 to 2012. He is the husband of Representative Marilyn Slaby. Currently he is a commissioner for the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio.
Warlock (Dungeons & Dragons)
The warlock is a character class in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It was introduced as a non-core base class who practice arcane magic in the supplemental book Complete Arcane for the 3.5 edition of Dungeons & Dragons. In 4th and 5th edition, the warlock is a core class.

Character class (Dungeons & Dragons)
A character class is a fundamental part of the identity and nature of characters in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. A character's capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses are largely defined by their class; choosing a class is one of the first steps a player takes to create a Dungeons & Dragons player character. A character's class affects a character's available skills and abilities. A well-rounded party of characters requires a variety of abilities offered by the classes found within the game.

Dungeons & Dragons was the first game to introduce the usage of character classes to role-playing. Many other traditional role-playing games and massively multiplayer online role-playing games have since adopted the concept as well. Dungeons & Dragons classes have generally been defined in the Player's Handbook, one of the three core rulebooks; a variety of alternate classes have also been defined in supplemental sourcebooks.
Adil Khan (scholar)
Muḥammad Adil Khān (1957 – 10 October 2020) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar, who served as the rector of Jamia Farooqia and was seen as a influential Sunni Deobandi scholar of Pakistan.

He was the son of Saleemullah Khan. and was an alumnus of the Jamia Farooqia and the University of Karachi and taught at the International Islamic University Malaysia for eight years from 2010 to 2018. He was also a member of the working committee of the Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia.

Khan received the Five Star Ranking Award from Malaysia Higher Education in 2018.

He was assassinated by unknown armed men near a shopping center in Shah Faisal Colony, Karachi on 10 October 2020.

Saleemullah Khan
Saleemullah Khan (1921 – 15 January 2017) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar, who was the former President of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan.

His students include Rafi Usmani, Maulana Abdul Aziz, Mazoor Mengal and Taqi Usmani.

He established Jamia Farooqia in Karachi in 1967.

Khan died on 15 January 2017 in Karachi, Pakistan.
San Dieguito High School Academy
San Dieguito High School Academy, originally known as San Dieguito Union High School and San Dieguito High School, is a public high school in Encinitas, California. It is part of San Dieguito Union High School District. The school was established in 1936.

As of the 2020–21 school year, 2,059 students were enrolled at San Dieguito High School Academy with a senior class of over 450 students. The pupil-teacher ratio is 25:1. The average SAT score in 2013–2014 was 1840 and the average ACT score was 27. The student body is 67% White, 22% Hispanic, 4% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 5% other. During the 2020–21 school year, San Dieguito Academy's senior class had a 97.9% graduation rate.

San Dieguito Union High School District
San Dieguito Union High School District (SDUHSD) is a public school district based in northern San Diego County, California. Established in 1936, the district serves over 13,000 students in five middle schools, five comprehensive high schools, and one alternative high school.
Northern Thai people
The Northern Thai people, also known as Tai Yuan  (Thai: ไทยวน, [tʰaj˧ juan˧]) or Khon Mueang  (Northern Thai: ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, คนเมือง pronounced [kʰon˧ mɯaŋ˧]), are a Tai ethnic group, native to nine provinces in Northern Thailand, principally in the area of the former kingdom of Lan Na. As a Tai group, they are closely related to Tai Lü and Tai Khün with regard to common culture, language and history in contrast to Thailand's dominant Thai ethnic group (referred to as Siamese or Central Thai). There are approximately 6 million Tai Yuan. Most of them live in Northern Thailand, with a small minority 29,442 (2005 census) living across the border in Bokeo Province of Laos. Their language is called Northern Thai, Lanna or Kham Mueang.

Tai peoples
Tai peoples are the populations who speak (or formerly spoke) the Tai languages. There are a total of about 93 million people of Tai ancestry worldwide, with the largest ethnic groups being Dai, Thai, Isan, Lao, Shan, Ahom, Zhuang, Tày, Nùng, Táy, and some Northern Thai peoples.

The Tai are scattered through much of South China and Mainland Southeast Asia, with some (e.g. Tai Ahom, Tai Khamti, Tai Phake, Tai Aiton) inhabiting parts of Northeast India. Tai peoples are both culturally and genetically very similar and therefore primarily identified through their language.