hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Germ layer
A germ layer, primary germinal layer, or germinal layer is a primary layer  of cells that forms during  animal embryonic development. Germ layers form during gastrulation, when the early embryo is formed of two or three layers of cells.

Sponges do not have a gastrulation stage and possess no true germ layers. They do though have two layers of cells separated by a gel-like mesohyl. Some aquatic invertebrates such as cnidarians, and comb jellies, develop from only two germ layers, an ectoderm and an endoderm, and are known as diploblasts. But most animals have a bilateral symmetry, and develop from three germ layers, an ectoderm, endoderm, and a middle layer of mesoderm, and are triploblastic.

Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal's tissues and organs through the processes of histogenesis, and organogenesis.

Endoderm
Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.

In plant biology, endoderm corresponds to the innermost part of the cortex (bark) in young shoots and young roots often consisting of a single cell layer. As the plant becomes older, more endoderm will lignify.
Knights of Peter Claver
The Knights of Peter Claver and Ladies Auxiliary is an international Catholic fraternal service order. Founded in 1909 by the Josephites and parishioners from Most Pure Heart of Mary Catholic Church in Mobile, Alabama, it is the largest and oldest Black Catholic lay-led organization still in existence.

The Knights of Peter Claver supports more than 700 subordinate units throughout the United States and in South America, as of 2019.

Most Pure Heart of Mary Catholic Church
Most Pure Heart of Mary Catholic Church is a Catholic church in Mobile, Alabama administered by the Josephites. The Knights of Peter Claver, the largest and oldest Black Catholic organization in the United States, was founded by congregants and priests from the parish in 1909. Its clergy and congregation later took an active role in the Civil Rights Movement.
Curious George
Curious George is a fictional monkey who is the title character of a series of popular children's picture books written and illustrated by Margret and H. A. Rey. Various media, including films and TV shows, have been based upon the original book series.

George is described as "a good little monkey, and always very curious". In the first book, George is caught by "The Man with the Yellow Hat" and taken from Africa to America where the two live together. George and the Man with the Yellow Hat become good friends.

George's first appearance was as a monkey named "Fifi" in the book Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys, which was first published in France during 1939 in the late years. The popularity of the character led the Reys to feature "George" in his own series.

Margret Rey
Margret Elizabeth Rey (born Margarete Elisabeth Waldstein; May 16, 1906 – December 21, 1996) was a German-born American writer and illustrator, best known for the Curious George series of children's picture books that she and her husband H. A. Rey created from 1939 to 1966.
Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.

Self-ionization of water
The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH−. The hydrogen nucleus, H+, immediately protonates another water molecule to form a hydronium cation, H3O+. It is an example of autoprotolysis, and exemplifies the amphoteric nature of water.
Arkansas Highway 151
Arkansas Highway 151 (AR 151, Hwy. 151) is a designation for two north–south state highways in Mississippi County, Arkansas. An eastern route of 5.75 miles (9.25 km) runs from Highway 148 north to Highway 18. A second route of 6.65 miles (10.70 km) begins at U.S. Route 78 (US 78)/Highway 18 in Blytheville and runs north to Missouri supplemental route TT (SSR-TT) at the Missouri state line.  A third route was dedicated in May 2013  and begins at State Line Avenue in Texarkana and continues east to Interstate 49 (I-49)/US 71.

Arkansas Highway 148
Highway 148 (AR 148, Ark. 148, and Hwy. 148) is a designation for three east–west state highways in the Upper Arkansas Delta. One route of 4.61 miles (7.42 km) begins at Highway 239 and runs east to a Mississippi River levee. A second route of 8.81 miles (14.18 km) begins at Highway 181 and runs east to US Highway 61 (US 61) in Burdette. A third route of 3.53 miles (5.68 km) begins at Highway 135 in Black Oak and runs east to Highway 139. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).
Sam Lane (comics)
Sam Lane is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the father of Lucy Lane and Lois Lane and the father-in-law of Clark Kent / Superman.

Denis Arndt and Harve Presnell portrayed the character in the series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Michael Ironside in Smallville, Glenn Morshower in Supergirl, and Dylan Walsh in Superman & Lois; and Joel de la Fuente voiced him in the animated series My Adventures with Superman.

Lucy Lane
Lucy Lane is a fictional supporting character in DC Comics. She is the younger sister of Lois Lane, and one of several characters who have assumed the Superwoman identity.

She was played by Maureen Teefy in the 1984 film Supergirl and Peyton List in the series Smallville. Jenna Dewan played two different versions of the character in the series Supergirl and Superman & Lois.
Far: Lone Sails
Far: Lone Sails (stylized as FAR: Lone Sails) is an exploration adventure videogame developed by the Swiss development company Okomotive. The game was released for Windows and macOS in May 2018, for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in April 2019, for Nintendo Switch in August 2019, and for Android and iOS in October 2020. A sequel, Far: Changing Tides, was released in March 2022.

Far: Changing Tides
Far: Changing Tides (stylized as FAR: Changing Tides) is a 2022 adventure puzzle video game developed by Okomotive and published by Frontier Foundry. The game is the successor to Far: Lone Sails (2018), and it was released for Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S in March 2022.
Joseph Freinademetz
Joseph Freinademetz SVD (simplified Chinese: 圣福若瑟; traditional Chinese: 聖福若瑟; pinyin: Shèng Fú Ruòsè; April 15, 1852 – January 28, 1908), was a Ladin Catholic priest and missionary in China. He was a member of the Society of the Divine Word.

Freinademetz's sainthood cause was opened after his death in 1908, and he was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 2003.

Society of the Divine Word
The Society of the Divine Word (Latin: Societas Verbi Divini), abbreviated SVD and popularly called the Verbites or the Divine Word Missionaries, and sometimes the Steyler Missionaries, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men. As of 2020, it consisted of 5,965 members composed of priests and religious brothers working in more than 70 countries, now part of VIVAT international. It is one of the largest missionary congregations in the Catholic Church. Its members add the nominal letters SVD after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. The superior general is Anselmo Ricardo Ribeiro, who hails from Brazil.
Technological University of the Philippines
The Technological University of the Philippines (Filipino: Teknolohikal na Unibersidad ng Pilipinas), commonly known as TUP, is a state university in the Philippines. It was established in 1901 by the Philippine Commission. TUP has its main campus in Manila and satellite campuses in Taguig, Cavite, Visayas, Batangas, and Quezon.

Technological University of the Philippines Visayas
The Technological University of the Philippines (TUP) Visayas  is a state higher education institution in Talisay City, Negros Occidental. It was established in 1977 as one of the three prototype technician institutes/projects of the National Government. TUP Visayas was then known as the Visayas Technician Institute (VTI).

In 1978, the Philippine College of Arts and Trades (PCAT) in Manila was converted into the Technological University of the Philippines (TUP) and was designated as the apex of technology education. Accordingly, the VTI was placed under the management of the TUP. In 1985, the VTI was renamed the Technological University of the Philippines Visayas.

Currently, the TUP Visayas is one of the top providers of engineering graduates in the country, producing topnotchers in the Professional Licensure Examination given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).

TUP Visayas is located in Talisay City with extension campuses in Sagay City and Cadiz.
York, Ontario
York is a district and former city within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located northwest of Old Toronto, southwest of North York and east of the Humber River.

Originally formed as York Township, it encompassed the southern section of York County. It was split several times, creating East York and North York. In 1953, it became part of the Metropolitan Toronto federation. It absorbed several municipalities, including Lambton Mills and Weston and was eventually known as the City of York. In 1998, it was dissolved along with Metro Toronto and its constituent municipalities, amalgamated to form the current City of Toronto.

Today, the area is integrated into the multicultural mosaic of Toronto. The area is home today to several ethnic enclaves such as Portuguese, Jamaican and Latin American neighbourhoods.

Metropolitan Toronto
The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper-tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, which were starting to urbanize rapidly after World War II. It was commonly referred to as "Metro Toronto" or "Metro".

Passage of the 1997 City of Toronto Act caused the 1998 amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituents into the current City of Toronto. The boundaries of present-day Toronto are the same as those of Metropolitan Toronto upon its dissolution: Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, and the Rouge River to the east.
Nash Finch Company
The Nash Finch Company was an American food distribution and retail company based in Edina, Minnesota (a suburb of Minneapolis). Nash Finch was involved in food distribution to private companies, primarily independent supermarkets, and military commissaries and the operation of retail stores. At the time of its 2013 merger with Spartan Stores, Nash Finch was the second largest publicly traded wholesale food distributor in the United States, in terms of revenue, with $5.21 billion in annual sales; Nash Finch was also a Fortune 500 company.

On July 22, 2013, Spartan Stores announced its acquisition of Nash Finch in a $1.3 billion stock-swap. On November 19, 2013, the two companies completed their merger and formed a new company, SpartanNash.

SpartanNash
SpartanNash Company (formerly Grand Rapids Wholesale Grocery Company and Spartan Stores, Inc.) is an American food distribution and retail company headquartered in Byron Center, Michigan. Founded in 1917, it was formerly known as Spartan Stores until adopting its current name on November 19, 2013, following a merger with Nash Finch Company.

In September 2025, the company was purchased by C&S Wholesale Grocers.
Nikiforos Lytras
Nikiforos Lytras (Greek: Νικηφόρος Λύτρας; 1832 – 13 June 1904) was a Greek painter. He was born in Tinos and trained in Athens at the School of Arts. In 1860, he won a scholarship to Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Munich. After completing these studies, he became a professor at the School of Arts in 1866, a position he held for the rest of his life. He remained faithful to the precepts and principles of the Munich School, while paying greatest attention both to ethnographic themes and portraiture. His most famous portrait was of the royal couple, Otto and Amalia, and his most well-known landscape a depiction of the region of Lavrio.

Munich school
The Munich school (Greek: Σχολή του Μονάχου) is a group of painters who worked in Munich or were trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Munich (German: Münchner Akademie der Bildenden Künste) between 1850 and 1918. In the second half of the 19th century the Academy became one of the most important institutions in Europe for training artists and attracted students from across Europe and the United States.
Llibre del Repartiment (Valencia)
The Llibre del Repartiment  is a record book in which the King's scribes recorded promises of donations of properties at the conclusion of the Valencian conquest. The scribes later indicated the names of the persons who actually took possession. This is not the only distribution of lands during the time of the Reconquista; there are a few others, published and unpublished, the major ones are for Majorca, Seville, Murcia, Orihuela, Lorca, and other minor ones for Alora, Benalmádena, Comares, Cártama, Casabonarela, Coín, Mijas, Alhaurín, Almogía, Alozaina, Bezmilian among others.

Llibre del Repartiment (Majorca)
The Llibre del Repartiment is a record book in which the king's scribes recorded the pledges of properties at the completion of a conquest. The document includes only properties that were ceded to the monarch after the conquest of the island of Majorca in 1229. It meticulously recorded the houses or land donations made by James I to the Aragonese and Catalan nobles and ultimately to all who participated in the crusade for the conquest of Majorca. Of course, the properties had been expropriated from the Muslims who had previously inhabited the island of Majorca.

This book is kept in the "l'Arxiu del Regne de Mallorca" in the city of Palma, but actually consists of two volumes: one bilingual in Latin and Arabic, and another in Catalan.

The groups that had greater involvement in the company were Barcelona and Marseille, the first with a total of 877 horses and the second with 636, followed by the Knights Templar which had 525.
Libytheana
Libytheana is a genus of nymphalid butterflies in the snout butterfly subfamily, Libytheinae.

Libytheana carinenta is found in both North and South America and is known to be migratory. The other species in the genus are restricted to the Caribbean.

Libytheinae
The Libytheinae are a nymphalid subfamily known as snout butterflies, containing two valid genera and about ten species: six in Libythea and four in Libytheana. The common name refers to the thick labial palps (pedipalps) that look like a "snout" in this subfamily. In older literature, this group was recognized as the family Libytheidae. They are medium-sized and typically a drab brown. The front legs are reduced in length and the ventral hindwings are cryptically colored to help them blend in with their surroundings. While at rest, the members of this subfamily keep their wings tightly closed to resemble dead leaves.
Ramygala
Ramygala (pronunciationⓘ, literally "quiet end") is a town in Lithuania. It is located some 24 km (15 mi) south from Panevėžys on the banks of the Upytė River, a tributary to the Nevėžis River. According to 2017 estimate, it had 1,440 residents.

Panevėžys
Panevėžys (Lithuanian pronunciation: [pɐnʲɛvʲeːˈʑiːs] ⓘ) is the fifth-largest city in Lithuania. As of 2021, it occupies 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) with 89,100 inhabitants. As defined by Eurostat the population of the Panevėžys functional urban area that stretches beyond the city limits is estimated at 124,412 (as of 2022).

Panevėžys is an important cultural and economic hub in the country's northeast. Located on the banks of the Nevėžis river, the city is known for its strong industrial heritage and vibrant arts scene. Panevėžys is also considered as a gateway to the picturesque landscapes of the Aukštaitija region.

The city is still known in the Jewish world for the eponymous Ponevezh Yeshiva.
Tokugawa Iesato
Prince Tokugawa Iesato (徳川 家達; 24 August 1863 – 5 June 1940) was a Japanese aristocrat and politician who was the first head of the Tokugawa clan after the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868. He was President of the House of Peers from 1903 to 1933. When he travelled to other nations representing Japan during his diplomatic journeys, he usually presented his name as Prince Iyesato Tokugawa. As President of the House of Peers, Tokugawa promoted democratic principles and international goodwill. It was only after his death in 1940 that Japanese militants were able to push Japan into joining the Axis Powers in World War II.

Kazoku
The Kazoku (華族, "Magnificent/Exalted lineage"; IPA: [ka̠zo̞kɯ̟]) was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. It was formed by merging the feudal lords (daimyō) and court nobles (kuge) into one system modelled after the British peerage. Distinguished military officers, politicians, and scholars were occasionally ennobled as (新華族, shin kazoku, 'the newly ennobled'), until the country's defeat in the Second World War in 1945. The system was abolished with the 1947 constitution, which prohibited any form of aristocracy under it, but kazoku descendants still form the core of the traditional upper class in the country's society, distinct from the nouveau riche.

Kazoku (華族) should not be confused with kazoku (家族), which is pronounced the same in Japanese, but written with a different first character, meaning "immediate family" (as in the film Kazoku above).
Los protegidos: El regreso
Los protegidos: El regreso is a Spanish fantasy television series that began airing on Atresplayer Premium in September 2021. It consists of a continuation of Los protegidos, set about a decade later than the events dealt with in the original series.

The series was broadcast from 2021 to 2026, with three seasons and 15 episodes.

Los protegidos (Spanish TV series)
Los Protegidos is a Spanish fantasy television series created by Darío Madrona and Ruth García that originally aired on Antena 3 from 2010 to 2012. The plot follows the story of the "family" Castillo Rey, a group of people that are actually unrelated to each other but must pose as that because they have one secret: the children have special powers, and there is a group of people that are going after them. It was produced by Boomerang TV.

A continuation of the series, Los protegidos: El regreso, premiered on 19 September 2021.
Northeast League
The Northeast League was a professional independent baseball league that operated in the Northeastern United States from 1995 until 1998 and from 2003 until 2004. Between 1999 and 2002, the league was part of the Northern League after the two leagues agreed to merge. The league was superseded by the Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball, which its members joined for the 2005 season.

Can–Am League
The Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball, commonly known as the Can-Am League, was a professional baseball league with teams in Eastern Canada and Northeastern United States. Founded in 2005 in Dayton, Ohio, the league was formed as a reorganization of the Northeast League following the 2004 season.

The Can-Am League operated in cities not directly served by Major or Minor League teams and was not affiliated with either. Though a separate entity, the league shared a commissioner, president, and director of umpires with the American Association of Professional Baseball. The league was headquartered in Dayton, Ohio.

The league ceased operations after the 2019 season, with five of the remaining six teams joining the Frontier League.
Enchodontoidei
The Enchodontoidei are an extinct superorder of aulopiform fish known from the Early Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were among the dominant predatory marine fish groups in the Late Cretaceous, achieving a worldwide distribution. They were an extremely diverse group, with some developing fusiform body plans whereas others evolved elongated body plans with long beaks, superficially similar to eels and needlefish. They could also grow to very large sizes, as seen with Cimolichthys and Stratodus, the latter of which is the largest aulopiform known. Their most famous member is the widespread, abundant, and long-lasting genus Enchodus.

Most enchodontoids went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, although some dercetids survived into the Early Paleocene and Stratodus into the Early Eocene of the Trans-Saharan seaway. Some remains of Enchodus have also been recovered from the Paleocene and Eocene, although this may just represent reworked material.

Cimolichthys
Cimolichthys (Greek for "chalk fish") is an extinct genus of large predatory marine aulopiform ray-finned fish known worldwide from the Late Cretaceous. It is the only member of the family Cimolichthyidae.
Netgazeti
Netgazeti is an independent Georgian online media outlet established in 2010 by journalists Mzia Amaghlobeli and Eter Turadze, who had previously founded the newspaper Batumelebi in 2001. The establishment of Netgazeti was intended to extend its journalistic coverage beyond Batumi and Adjara, reaching a national audience. The outlet focuses on politics, human rights, social issues, and investigative journalism.

Batumelebi
Batumelebi (Georgian: გაზეთი ბათუმელები, romanized: gazeti batumelebi, lit. 'Batumians') is an independent Georgian newspaper and an online media outlet based in Batumi, Georgia. It covers local and national news, politics, human rights, social issues, and investigative journalism. The publication is known for its critical reporting and in-depth analysis of government policies and regional developments. It is part of the "Regional Media Network," which includes other independent media in Georgia.

The newspaper covers news from Adjara, Georgia, and the Caucasus region. It also draws attention to and focuses on human rights issues, facilitating public debates, and topics related to vulnerable and marginalized groups in society.