hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andries van Dam
Andries "Andy" van Dam (born December 8, 1938) is a Dutch-American professor of computer science and former vice-president for research at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Together with Ted Nelson he contributed to the first hypertext system, Hypertext Editing System (HES) in the late 1960s. He co-authored Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice along with J.D. Foley, S.K. Feiner, and John Hughes. He also co-founded the precursor of the ACM SIGGRAPH conference.

Van Dam serves on several technical boards and committees. He teaches an introductory course in computer science and courses in computer graphics at Brown University.

Van Dam received his B.S. degree with Honors in Engineering Sciences from Swarthmore College in 1960 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1963 and 1966, respectively.

James D. Foley
James David Foley (born July 20, 1942) is an American computer scientist and computer graphics researcher. He is a Professor Emeritus and held  the Stephen Fleming Chair in Telecommunications in the School of Interactive Computing at Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). He was Interim Dean of Georgia Tech's College of Computing  from 2008–2010. He is perhaps best known as the co-author of several widely used textbooks in the field of computer graphics, of which over 400,000 copies are in print and translated in ten languages. Foley most recently conducted research in instructional technologies and distance education.
Kuchuma
Kuchuma is a town in south-eastern Armenia. It is located in Syunik Province. It is located about 4 km north of Adzhilu.

Other nearby towns and villages include Kavchut (1.3 miles),  Nerkin Giratagh (1.2 miles), Musallam (0.9 miles) and Ajylu (2.5 miles)

Ajylu
39°09′39″N 46°17′15″E﻿ / ﻿39.16083°N 46.28750°E﻿ / 39.16083; 46.28750

Ajylu (Azerbaijani: Açağu, anglicized: Achaghu) is a village in Syunik Province, Armenia. It is located about 4km south of Kuchuma. The village had an Azerbaijani-majority population before their exodus in 1968-69.
Meluhha
Meluḫḫa or Melukhkha (Sumerian: 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 Me-luḫ-ḫaKI) is the Sumerian name of a prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age. Its identification remains an open question, but most scholars associate it with the Indus Valley Civilisation.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Benjamin Adegbuyi
Benjamin Adekunle Miron Adegbuyi (born January 24, 1985) is a Romanian kickboxer and professional boxer. He is a two-time Glory Heavyweight Championship challenger and three-time winner of heavyweight tournament. Adegbuyi is also Superkombat World Grand Prix III 2012 tournament winner and 2018 Glory Heavyweight Grand Prix tournament runner-up. A professional since 2011, he also fought in K-1.

As of December 13, 2022, he is #5 in the Combat Press heavyweight rankings. Combat Press has ranked him in the top 5 since November 2014. As of 1 January 2023, he is also ranked the #5 heavyweight in the world by Beyond Kick. As of 1 August 2025, Adegbuyi is ranked the #13 heavyweight kickboxer in the world by Boxemag.

Adegbuyi has beaten Jahfarr Wilnis and Mladen Brestovac three times, Hesdy Gerges and D'Angelo Marshall twice, and Badr Hari, Pavel Zhuravlev, Ismael Londt, Sergei Lashchenko, Anderson Silva and Jairzinho Rozenstruik once.

Pavel Zhuravlev (kickboxer)
Pavel Zhuravlev (Ukrainian: Павло Журавльов, Pavlo Zhuravlov; Russian: Павел Журавлёв; born July 27, 1983) is a Ukrainian kickboxer and boxer. He is the former Interim GLORY Light Heavyweight Champion, the 2012 SUPERKOMBAT World Grand Prix Tournament Champion, the 2013 Legend Fighting Show -93 kg Tournament Champion and the K-1 World Grand Prix FINAL in Zagreb Semifinalist.

As of February 2021, Zhuravlev is ranked the #4 light-heavyweight in the world by Combat Press. He first entered the Light Heavyweight rankings in October 2015.
Loudun possessions
The Loudun possessions, also known as the Loudun possessed affair (French: affaire des possédées de Loudun), was a notorious witchcraft trial that took place in Loudun, Kingdom of France, in 1634. A convent of Ursuline nuns said they had been visited and possessed by demons. Following an investigation by the Catholic Church, a local priest named Urbain Grandier was accused of summoning the evil spirits. He was eventually convicted of the crimes of sorcery and burned at the stake.

The case contains similar themes to other witchcraft trials that occurred throughout western Europe in the 17th century, such as the Aix-en-Provence possessions (France) in 1611 or the Pendle witches (England) in 1612 before reaching the New World by the 1690s.

Aix-en-Provence possessions
The Aix-en-Provence possessions were a series of alleged cases of demonic possession occurring among the Ursuline nuns of Aix-en-Provence (South of France) in 1611.  Father Louis Gaufridi was accused and convicted of causing the possession by a pact with the devil, and he was tortured by strappado and his bones dislocated. He was then executed in April 1611 by strangulation and his body burned. This case provided the legal precedent for the conviction and execution of Urbain Grandier at Loudun more than 20 years later. This event led to possessions spreading to other convents and a witch burning in 1611.
Santiago de Cuba railway station
Santiago de Cuba, also known as Santiago General Senén Casas, is the main railway station of the city of Santiago de Cuba, seat of the province of the same name in Cuba. It is owned by the state company Ferrocarriles de Cuba (FFCC) and is located in the central Paseo de Martí, near the city harbor.

It is the second–most important station in Cuba and, along with Havana Central, Camagüey and Santa Clara, is one of the network's divisional headquarters.

Havana Central railway station
Havana Central (Spanish: La Habana Central; the "Central Railway Station", Estación Central de Ferrocarriles) is the main railway terminal in Havana and the largest railway station in Cuba. It serves as the hub of the rail system in the country. It handles the arrival and departure of national and divisional commuter trains, and is home to the national railway company, Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Cuba (FFCC), the only intercity passenger rail transport operating in the Caribbean.

The building is considered a national monument for its architectural and historical values and is, along with the stations of Santiago, Camagüey and Santa Clara, a network's divisional headquarter.
Israel Port Authority
The Israel Ports Authority (Hebrew: רשות הספנות והנמלים) is the governmental agency which supervises and regulates the operation of Israel's seaports in Haifa, Ashdod and Eilat. It is headquartered in Haifa.

Port of Eilat
The Port of Eilat (Hebrew: נמל אילת) was the only Israeli port on the Red Sea, located at the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba. This strategic location has given it outsized importance despite being remote from the country's main population centers, and access to the port has played a key role in Arab-Israeli conflicts. The port shut down in July 2025 following a blockade by the Houthi movement.
Borsh
Borsh (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈbɔɾʃ]; Albanian definite form: Borshi, [ˈbɔɾʃi]) is a maritime village, in the Albanian Riviera, in the former Lukovë municipality, Vlorë County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform, it became part of the Himarë municipality. The village is inhabited by ethnic Albanians, many of whom have traditionally been Bektashi. In Borsh, the Lab dialect of Albanian is spoken.

Borsh borders with Fterra, Qeparo, Piqeras, Kuç, Çorraj, Kalasa, Zhulat, Tatzat, and has a population of 2,500 registered inhabitants.

Piqeras
Piqeras (Albanian definite form: Piqerasi) is a village in the former municipality of Lukovë, Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Himarë.
Durham, Connecticut
Durham (/ˈdɜːrəm/ DURR-əm) is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut,  United States. Durham is a former farming village on the Coginchaug River in central Connecticut. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 7,152 at the 2020 census. Every autumn, the town hosts the Durham Fair, the largest volunteer agricultural fair in New England.

The Durham town center is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place. The core of the town center has also been listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.

Main Street Historic District (Durham, Connecticut)
The Main Street Historic District encompasses the historic civic, commercial, and residential center of Durham, Connecticut.   The district is primarily linear and runs along Main Street (Route 17) from between Higganum Road and Town House Road in the south to Talcott Lane in the north, and along Maple Avenue, which parallels Main Street.  The district includes most of its colonial architecture, as well as many of its civic buildings.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
Witchcraft in early modern Britain
Witch trials and witch related accusations were at a high during the early modern period in Britain, a time that spanned from the beginning of the 16th century to the end of the 18th century.

Prior to the 16th century, Witchcraft -- i.e. any magical or supernatural practices made by mankind -- was often seen as a healing art, performed by people referred to as the cunning folk. It was later believed to be Satanic in origin and thus sparked a series of laws being passed and trials being conducted, with it becoming a capital offense in 1542.

The Witchcraft Act 1735 (9 Geo. 2. c. 5) reversed the law, making it illegal not to practice witchcraft but to either claim that there were people with magical powers or to accuse someone of being a witch in Great Britain, (though these crimes were no longer punishable by death).

Early modern Britain
Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Major historical events in early modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution, the Treaty of Union, the Scottish Enlightenment and the formation and the collapse of the First British Empire.
Rivière Franquelin Branche Ouest
The Rivière Franquelin Branche Ouest (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ fʁɑ̃klɛ̃ bʁɑ̃ʃ wɛst], Franquelin River West Branch) is a tributary of the Franquelin River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes and in the municipality of Franquelin, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality, itself in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

This valley is served by a forest road which goes up the valley. Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Franquelin Branche Ouest river is usually frozen from the beginning of November to the end of April, except the rapids; traffic on the ice is generally safe from late November to early April.

Franquelin River
The Franquelin River (French: rivière Franquelin, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ fʁɑ̃klɛ̃]) is located in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes and the municipality of Franquelin, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The Franqueline river valley is served by the route 138 which passes at its mouth. The rest of the valley is served by various forest roads for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.

The surface of the Franquelin River is usually frozen from the beginning of November to the end of April, except the rapids areas; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from late November to early April.
National Eisteddfod of Wales
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru ⓘ) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors typically number 6,000 or more, and overall attendance generally exceeds 100,000 visitors, the highest recently being 186,000 attending the 2024 festival in Pontypridd.  The 2018 Eisteddfod was held in Cardiff Bay with a fence-free 'Maes'. In 2020, the event was held virtually under the name AmGen; events were held over a one-week period.

2018 Cardiff National Eisteddfod
The 2018 Cardiff National Eisteddfod was held in Cardiff Bay, Wales, from 3 to 11 August 2018. It was the seventh time the National Eisteddfod of Wales had been held in Cardiff. The 2018 event was billed as the Eisteddfod with "No fences" because it dispensed with the traditional enclosed Maes, or entrance fees to the event location. It made a £290,000 loss, but its popularity led to the suggestion of future Eisteddfods without fences.
Şehzade Mehmed Abid
Şehzade Mehmed Abid Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: شهزادہ محمد عابد; 17 May 1905 – 8 December 1973) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and Saliha Naciye Kadın, and brother-in-law of King Zog I of Albania.

Saliha Naciye Kadın
Saliha Naciye Kadın[a] (Ottoman Turkish: صالحه ناجیه قادین, "the devout one" and "saved and freed"; born Zeliha Ankuap; c. 1887 – c. 1923) was the last consort of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.
Roy Montgomery
Roy Montgomery (born 1959) is a composer, guitarist and lecturer from Christchurch, New Zealand. Montgomery's mostly instrumental solo works have elements of post-rock, lo-fi, folk and avant-garde experimentation. His signature sound might be described as atmospheric or cinematic, often featuring complex layers of chiming, echoing and/or droning guitar phrases. He is currently head of the environmental management department at Lincoln University in New Zealand.

Montgomery has played in several bands since the late 1970s, most notably The Pin Group, Dadamah, Dissolve and Hash Jar Tempo. He has released solo albums on labels including Kranky and Drunken Fish, as well as collaborations with artists like Flying Saucer Attack and Grouper. Music critic Brett Abrahamsen opined that "in a just and fair world... books would be written about Montgomery's greatness."

Dissolve (band)
Dissolve is a collaborative musical project between experimental guitarists Chris Heaphy and Roy Montgomery. The two musicians formed a bond over an interest in film soundtracks and creating mood pieces, as opposed to performing in a rock band. They began recording with each other in 1993 after Montgomery's former band Dadamah parted ways. They released two albums under the name Dissolve, That That Is ... Is (Not) in 1995 and Third Album for the Sun in 1997. Heaphy and Montgomery collaborated a final time on the album True, released in 1999.
Williamsonia (plant)
Williamsonia is a genus of plant belonging to Bennettitales, an extinct order of seed plants. Within the form classification system used in paleobotany, Williamsonia is used to refer to female seed cones, which are associated with plants that also bore the male flower-like reproductive structure Weltrichia.

Weltrichia
Weltrichia is a genus belonging to the extinct seed plant group Bennettitales. It is a form genus representing flower-like male pollen-producing organs. It is associated with the female ovulate cone Williamsonia.
House season 6
The sixth season of House premiered on September 21, 2009, with a two-hour premiere filmed at the Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital in New Jersey. In the United Kingdom, the season began airing on Sky 1 and Sky 1 HD on October 4, 2009. Season six featured 22 episodes, two fewer than usual. It is the first season of House to feature Hugh Laurie as the only original cast member in all episodes, and the last season to feature Jennifer Morrison as a main cast member. It was fairly well received by critics, scoring 77 on Metacritic.

Broken (House)
"Broken" is the title for the first and second episode of the sixth season of the television series House. The two-part season premiere was first broadcast on Fox on September 21, 2009. The narrative follows series protagonist Dr. Gregory House (Hugh Laurie) as he overcomes his Vicodin addiction and psychological problems at Mayfield Psychiatric Hospital.

Receiving season-high ratings, the episode garnered positive reviews from critics. The performance of Hugh Laurie was also applauded.
Motai-shuku
Motai-shuku (茂田井宿, Motai-shuku) was a mid-station along the Nakasendō in Edo period Japan. An ainoshuku refers to a rest station, rather than a post town with lodging. It was in between the post stations of Mochizuki-shuku and Ashida-shuku. It is located in the present-day town of Saku, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The head of the village, Ichirozaemon, began brewing sake in 1689 and there are two sake breweries still operating in the area.

Ashida-shuku
Ashida-shuku (芦田宿, Ashida-shuku) was the twenty-sixth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō. It is located in the present-day town of Tateshina, in the Kitasaku District of Nagano Prefecture, Japan.
Thingmen
The Thingmen (Old English: Þingalið) was a unit (or a body of men) in the service of the Kings of England during the period 1013–1051. The unit was financed by direct taxation which had its origins in the tribute known as Danegeld. It consisted mostly of men of Scandinavian descent and it had an initial strength of 3,000 housecarls and a fleet of 40 ships, which was subsequently reduced. The last remnant of a Thingmen was disbanded by Edward the Confessor in 1051.

In the 11th century, three courts outside Scandinavia were particularly prominent in recruiting Scandinavian troops: Novgorod-Kiev (Kievan Rus') c. 980–1060, Constantinople (the Varangian Guard) 988–1204, and England 1018–1051. Scandinavia was however also a recruiting area for attacks against England and this is why a defence needed to be organized by the Danish king Cnut the Great. The Thingmen attracted Swedish mercenaries, and probably some Norwegian as well.

Housecarl
A housecarl (Old Norse: húskarl; Old English: huscarl) was a non-servile manservant or household bodyguard in medieval Northern Europe.

The institution originated amongst the Norsemen of Scandinavia, and was brought to Anglo-Saxon England by the Danish conquest in the 11th century. They were well-trained, and paid as full-time soldiers. In England, the royal housecarls had a number of roles, both military and administrative, and they fought under Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings.
Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen
Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen (German: Prinzessin Karoline Polyxena von Nassau-Usingen; 4 April 1762 – 17 August 1823) was the elder daughter of Karl Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, and wife of Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel.

Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (11 September 1747 – 20 May 1837) was a younger member of the ruling dynasty of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and a Danish general.

He was born as the youngest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (the future Landgrave Frederick II) and Princess Mary of Great Britain. He was the last surviving legitimate grandchild of George II of Great Britain, dying one month before Queen Victoria (granddaughter of his first cousin King George III) ascended to the throne.
Central Australia Railway
The former Central Australia Railway, which was built between 1878 and 1929 and dismantled in 1980, was a 1241 km (771 mi) 1067 mm narrow gauge railway between Port Augusta and Alice Springs. A standard gauge line duplicated the southern section from Port Augusta to Maree in 1957 on a new nearby alignment. The entire Central Australia Railway was superseded in 1980 after the standard gauge Tarcoola–Alice Springs Railway was opened, using a new route up to 200 km to the west. A small southern section of the original line between Port Augusta and Quorn has been preserved and is operated as the Pichi Richi Railway.

Adelaide–Darwin railway line
The Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor consists of the 2975-kilometre (1849-mile) long 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard-gauge main line between the South Australian capital city of Adelaide and the Northern Territory capital of Darwin, and the lines immediately connected to it. Preceded by a number of other shorter railways, a transcontinental line through to Darwin was only fully realised in 2004, when the final link from Alice Springs was opened. The line is used by interstate freight trains operated by Aurizon and by The Ghan  passenger train operated by Journey Beyond.
132nd Armored Division "Ariete"
The 132nd Armored Division "Ariete" (Italian: 132ª Divisione corazzata "Ariete") was an armored division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. It was formed in 1939 as the second armored division after the 131st Armored Division "Centauro". The division fought in the Western Desert Campaign until being destroyed during the Second Battle of El Alamein and declared lost due to wartime events on 8 December 1942.

131st Armored Division "Centauro"
The 131st Armored Division "Centauro" (Italian: 131ª Divisione corazzata "Centauro") was an armored division of the Italian Army during World War II. The division was formed in April 1939 by expanding the I Armored Brigade (I Brigata Corazzata). The division's name came from the mythological race of half human-half horse creatures named Centaurs. The division participated in the invasion of Albania, Greco-Italian War, and invasion of Yugoslavia. In August 1942 the division was sent to Libya to participate in the Western Desert Campaign. After the Axis defeat at the Second Battle of El Alamein the division retreated with the German-Italian Panzer Army to Tunisia, where the division participated in the Tunisian Campaign. On 18 April 1943 the division was disbanded due to the losses suffered in the Battle of El Guettar.
Sextus Tigidius Perennis
Sextus Tigidius Perennis (died 185) served as Praetorian Prefect under the Roman emperor Commodus. Perennis exercised an outsized influence over Commodus and was the effective ruler of the Roman Empire. In 185, Perennis was implicated in a plot to overthrow the emperor by his political rival, Marcus Aurelius Cleander, and executed on the orders of Commodus.

Marcus Aurelius Cleander
Marcus Aurelius Cleander (Greek: Μᾶρκος Αὐρήλιος Κλέανδρος; died 19 April 190), commonly known as Cleander, was a Roman freedman who gained extraordinary power as chamberlain and favourite of the emperor Commodus, rising to command the Praetorian Guard and bringing the principal offices of the Roman state into disrepute by selling them to the highest bidder. His career is narrated by Dio Cassius, Herodian and the Historia Augusta.