hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)
The Province of Pomerania (German: Provinz Pommern; Polish: Prowincja Pomorze) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945. Pomerania was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815, an expansion of the older Brandenburg-Prussia province of Pomerania, and then became part of the German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Pomerania was a province of the Free State of Prussia until it was dissolved following World War II by decree of the Allied Control Council with the de jure abolition of Prussia on 25 February 1947, and its territory divided between Poland and Allied-occupied Germany. The city of Stettin (present-day Szczecin, Poland) was the provincial capital.

Provinces of Prussia
The Provinces of Prussia (German: Provinzen Preußens) were the main administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1947. Provinces constituted the highest level of administration in the Kingdom and its successor, the Free State of Prussia, until Nazi Germany established de facto direct rule over provincial politics in 1933. The provinces were abolished along with Prussia itself in 1947 following World War II.

The provinces were established after the Congress of Vienna granted Prussia significant new territories in 1815. Initially they were ruled by an appointed governor and an estates-based parliament, but beginning in 1876, self-administration and democratic participation were broadened. During the Weimar Republic, the provincial parliaments were further democratized, and the provinces gained a voice in the Prussian parliament through the introduction of the Prussian State Council. All traces of democracy were lost under Nazi rule.
Our Lady of Grace Church (Chorão Island)
15°31′24″N 73°52′08″E﻿ / ﻿15.523254351230351°N 73.86894671911932°E﻿ / 15.523254351230351; 73.86894671911932

Our Lady of Grace Church is a Roman Catholic church in Chorão, Goa, India. It is bounded on its north and west by the Mapusa River, with Salvador do Mundo remaining exactly opposite to it. To the south is the river Mandovi with Ribandar opposite to it and to its east is the St Bartholomew's Church.

St Bartholomew's Church (Chorão Island)
St Bartholomew's Church is a Roman Catholic church in Chorão, Goa, India. The Parish of St. Bartholomeu is made up of the villages of Caraim and the Passo de Ambarim. Its boundaries are the river of Mapusa to its north and west; on the opposite side of the river the parishes of Aldona and Pomburpa; the parish of Our Lady of Grace Church to the south and the river Naroa with the Parish of Pedade on the Island of Divar to its east.
Ibrahim al-Imam
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās (701/2 CE–749), better known as Ibrahim al-Imam (إبراهيم الإمام), was the leader of the Abbasid family and of the clandestine Hashimiyya movement that prepared and launched the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate.

He inherited the leadership of the movement from his father, Muhammad, in 743, and played a major role in its spread in Khurasan, not least by appointing Abu Muslim as the local leader. Ibrahim did not live to see the success of the revolution, being imprisoned and dying in August 749, either killed at the orders of the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II, or from the plague. Shortly after, his brother Abu al-Abbas became the first Abbasid caliph with the name al-Saffah.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah
Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿal-ʿAbbās or Muḥammad al-Imām (679/80–743) was the father of the two first 'Abbâsid caliphs, Al-Saffah and Al-Mansur, and as such was the progenitor of the Abbasid dynasty.

He was the son of Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas and great-grandson of al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, the uncle of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
Pulomas Racecourse
The Pulomas Racecourse (Indonesian: Pacuan Kuda Pulomas) was a horse racing venue in East Jakarta, Indonesia. It operated from 1971 to 2016. A newer venue built for equestrian sports, Jakarta International Equestrian Park (JIEP) now stands in its place.

Jakarta International Equestrian Park
Jakarta International Equestrian Park or JIEP (Indonesian: Pacuan Kuda Pulomas) is an equestrian sport venue located at Kayu Putih, Pulo Gadung, East Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the largest equestrian club in Southeast Asia. The arena was inaugurated on 2 August 2018 to replace the original venue from 1971, and was used as a venue for the 2018 Asian Games.

It has a land area of 35-hectares with a main four-story pavilion of 1500 seating capacity, two-storied 156 capacity horse stables, athletes lodging, an animal hospital, and training places. The park is disable friendly, which has secured international certification from World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in Paris and from the European Union. After the 2018 Asian Games, JIEP also used for other events, such as conferences, weddings or even music concerts and art exhibitions.
Isabella of Valois
Isabella of Valois (9 November 1389 – 13 September 1409) was Queen of England as the wife of Richard II, King of England, between 1396 and 1399, and Duchess of Orléans as the wife of Charles I, Duke of Orléans, from 1406 until her death in 1409. She had been born a princess of France as the daughter of King Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria.

Charles I, Duke of Orléans
Charles I (24 November 1394 – 5 January 1465) was Duke of Orléans from 1407, following the murder of his father, Louis I, Duke of Orléans. He was also Duke of Valois, Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise and of Blois, Lord of Coucy, and the inheritor of Asti in Italy via his mother Valentina Visconti.

He is now remembered as an accomplished medieval poet, owing to the more than five hundred extant poems he produced, written in both French and English, during his 25 years spent as a prisoner of war and after his return to France.
Mahmud Iskandar Shah of Perak
Sultan Mahmud Iskandar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah II (Jawi: سلطان محمود إسكندر شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان مظفر شاه ٢; 1600–1720) was the eleventh and longest-reigning Sultan of Perak reigning from 1653 to 1720. He was the son of Sultan Muzaffar Shah II and Raja Putri Fatima Putih, granddaughter of Sultan Abdul Ghafur of Pahang.

Muzaffar Shah II of Perak
Sultan Muzaffar Shah II ibni Almarhum Raja Mahmud (Jawi: سلطان مظفر شاه ٢ ابن المرحوم رج محمود; died 1653) was the tenth Sultan of Perak reigning from 1636 to 1653. He was the first Sultan of Perak to come from a different dynasty from the first nine Sultans of Perak. His paternal grandmother, Raja Putri Putih, was the daughter of Sultan Mansur Shah II of Pahang.
Hut 8
Hut 8 was a section in the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park (the British World War II codebreaking station, located in Buckinghamshire) tasked with solving German naval (Kriegsmarine) Enigma messages.  The section was led initially by Alan Turing.  He was succeeded in November 1942 by his deputy, Hugh Alexander.  Patrick Mahon succeeded Alexander in September 1944.

Hut 8 was partnered with Hut 4, which handled the translation and intelligence analysis of the raw decrypts provided by Hut 8.

Located initially in one of the original single-story wooden huts, the name "Hut 8" was retained when Huts 3, 6 & 8 moved to a new brick building, Block D, in February 1943.

After 2005, the first Hut 8 was restored to its wartime condition, and it now houses the "HMS Petard Exhibition".

Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis powers –  most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander, Donald Michie, Bill Tutte and Stuart Milner-Barry.

The team at Bletchley Park, 75% women, devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park ended in 1946 and all information about the wartime operations was classified until the mid-1970s. After the war it had various uses and now houses the Bletchley Park museum.
Ernakulam–Kollam line (via Kottayam and Kayamkulam)
The Ernakulam–Kollam line (via Kottayam and Kayamkulam)  is a railway line which runs through the districts of Ernakulam, Kottayam, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha and Kollam in Kerala state of India. This railway line starts as a branch line from Ernakulam Town railway station towards Kottayam and joins with the Ernakulam–Kayamkulam coastal line route via Alappuzha at Kayamkulam Junction and leads to Kollam Junction. This line comes under the Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The line has a total distance of 156 km (97 mi). The Ernakulam Town/Ernakulam Junction - Kottayam section opened in 1956-57 and Kottayam - Kollam section in 1957-1958.

Ernakulam–Kayamkulam coastal line
Ernakulam–Kayamkulam coastal line is a railway line which runs along the coastal areas of Alappuzha, Ernakulam districts in Kerala state of India. The coastal railway line starts as a branch line from Ernakulam Junction railway station towards Alappuzha and joins with the route via Kottayam (Ernakulam–Kottayam–Kayamkulam line) at Kayamkulam Junction. This is the only main track in Kerala yet to be doubled and the single line traffic causes major delays in the route. The coastal line has a total distance of 102 km (63 mi).
Isostatic depression
Isostatic depression is the sinking of large parts of the Earth's crust into the asthenosphere caused by a heavy weight placed on the Earth's surface, often glacial ice during continental glaciation. Isostatic depression and isostatic rebound occur at rates of centimeters per year. Greenland is an example of an isostatically depressed region.

Post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are phases of glacial isostasy (glacial isostatic adjustment, glacioisostasy), the  deformation of the Earth's crust in response to changes in ice mass distribution. The direct raising effects of post-glacial rebound are readily apparent in parts of Northern Eurasia, Northern America, Patagonia, and Antarctica. However, through the processes of ocean siphoning and continental levering, the effects of post-glacial rebound on sea level are felt globally far from the locations of current and former ice sheets.
Sagay massacre
The Sagay massacre occurred when a group of gunmen shot and killed nine sugarcane farmers, including four women and two children, while they were eating dinner in a makeshift tent on a farm in Sagay, Negros Occidental, on October 20, 2018. The farmers were members of the National Federation of Sugar Workers (NFSW), and the massacre may have been motivated by ongoing conflicts over land reform in the Philippines.

The massacre was part of a series of killings carried out in the Negros provinces against labelled Communists and their sympathizers, and follows the similarly motivated Escalante massacre of 1985.

Red-tagging in the Philippines
In the Philippines, red-tagging is the labeling of individuals or organizations as communists, subversives, or terrorists, regardless of their actual political beliefs or affiliations. It is a type of harassment and has pernicious effects on its targets. Red-tagging has been practiced by security forces, government officials and shills.

The practice is a relic of the Cold War and has had a long history in the former American colony. Cause-oriented groups including the United Nations, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch warn that its use as a political tactic undermines Philippine democracy by stifling dissent, producing a chilling effect on general discourse and, more insidiously, encouraging assassinations and retaliations.
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈjoːzɛf ˈʃɛlɪŋ]; 27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854) was a German philosopher. Standard histories of philosophy make him the midpoint in the development of German idealism, situating him between Johann Gottlieb Fichte, his mentor in his early years, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, his one-time university roommate, early friend, and later rival. Interpreting Schelling's philosophy is regarded as difficult because of its evolving nature.

Schelling's thought in the main has been neglected, especially in the English-speaking world. An important factor in this was the ascendancy of Hegel, whose mature works portray Schelling as a mere footnote in the development of idealism. Schelling's Naturphilosophie also has been attacked by scientists for its tendency to analogize and lack of empirical orientation. However, some later philosophers have shown interest in re-examining Schelling's body of work.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.

Fichte is an important philosopher in his own right due to his original insights into the nature of self-consciousness or self-awareness. Fichte was also the originator of thesis–antithesis–synthesis, an idea that is often erroneously attributed to Hegel.

Like Descartes and Kant before him, Fichte was motivated by the problem of subjectivity and consciousness. Fichte also wrote works of political philosophy; he has a reputation as one of the fathers of German nationalism.
Notsé Walls
The walls of Notsé (Ewe: Notsé Gliwo; French: Murs de Notsé) or the Agbogbo and the Agbobovi are a sacred enclosure erected in Notsé, Togo, between the 16th and 17th centuries. The walls delineate two different areas, one called "Agbogbo" and the other called "Agbogbovi". Associated with the figure of Agokoli, the ruler of the city-state, they gained significant importance in West Africa, as the refusal to participate in their construction is said to have caused the exodus of the Ewe from Notsé, an event considered by the Ewe as the origin of their people. Although they were never completed, as the construction undertaken under Agokoli is said to have led to the ruin of the city, parts of the walls still remain at the beginning of the 21st century.

Kingdom of Notsé
The kingdom of Notsé (Ewe: Notsé Fiaɖuƒea; French: Royaume de Notsé) was a former kingdom that organized itself around the city of Notsé between the 15th and 18th centuries. This theocracy, led by a sacred-king, was founded around the 15th century and managed to gain significant importance within West Africa, notably by initiating the construction of the monumental walls of Notsé, a sacred enclosure intended to surround the entire sacred boundary of the city. However, after significant internal turmoil leading to the exodus of the Ewe from Notsé, considered by them as their origin, the kingdom gradually declined until it disappeared.

In the 19th century, German colonizers established a chieftaincy that collaborated with them in Notsé. This chieftaincy became prominent among the Ewe people and attempted to preserve the heritage of the kingdom of Notsé.
Kekūanaōʻa
Mataio Kekūanaōʻa (c. 1791 – November 24, 1868), formally referred to as His Honor or His Highness, was a Hawaiian politician who served as governor of the island of Oʻahu, father of two kings, Kamehameha IV and Kamehameha V, and held the office of Kuhina Nui as did his wife, Kīnaʻu and their daughter, Victoria Kamāmalu.

Kamehameha IV
Kamehameha IV (Alekanetero ʻIolani Kalanikualiholiho Maka o ʻIouli Kūnuiākea o Kūkāʻilimoku; anglicized as Alexander Liholiho) (February 9, 1834 – November 30, 1863), reigned as the fourth monarch of Hawaii under the title Ke Aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina of the Kingdom of Hawaii from January 11, 1855, to November 30, 1863.
Aberystwyth Arts Centre
Aberystwyth Arts Centre (Welsh: Canolfan y Celfyddydau Aberystwyth) is an arts centre in Wales, located on Aberystwyth University's Penglais campus. One of the largest in Wales, it comprises a theatre (312 seats), concert hall (1,250 seats), studio (80 seats) and cinema (125 seats), as well as four gallery spaces and cafés, bars, and shops.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.
STAA doubles
STAA doubles or double pups are a type of long combination vehicle in the United States. They are named for the Surface Transportation Assistance Act (STAA) of 1982.  Each trailer is 28.5 feet (8.7 meters) long and 8.5 feet (2.6 meters) wide.  The doubles are connected via a dolly.  This long combination vehicle is the only combination of trailers allowed nationwide in the United States. The axle weight allowed is 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) per single axle. STAA doubles make up less than 3% of the freight trailer fleet in the United States.

Road train
A road train, also known as a land train or long combination vehicle (LCV), is a semi-trailer truck used to move road freight more efficiently than single-trailer semi-trailers. It consists of two semi-trailers or more connected together with or without a prime mover. It typically has to be at least two trailers and one prime mover. Road trains are often used in areas where other forms of heavy transport (freight train, cargo aircraft, container ship) are not feasible or practical.
The Lost World (Crichton novel)
The Lost World is a 1995 science fiction action novel written by Michael Crichton, and the sequel to his 1990 novel Jurassic Park. It is Crichton's tenth novel under his own name, his twentieth overall, and the only sequel he ever wrote. It was published by Knopf. A paperback edition (ISBN 0-345-40288-X) followed in 1996. A year later, both novels were re-published as a single book titled Michael Crichton's Jurassic World, which is unrelated to the 2015 film of the same name.

Jurassic Park (novel)
Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel written by Michael Crichton; it is a cautionary tale about genetic engineering that presents the collapse of a zoological park which showcases genetically recreated dinosaurs to illustrate the mathematical concept of chaos theory and its real-world implications. A sequel titled The Lost World, also written by Crichton, was published in 1995. Two years later, both novels were republished as a single book titled Michael Crichton's Jurassic World, which has no relation to the Jurassic World film series (the later films in the Jurassic Park franchise).

Jurassic Park received a 1993 film adaptation directed by Steven Spielberg. The film was a critical and commercial success, becoming the highest-grossing film ever at the time and spawning the Jurassic Park franchise, including multiple film sequels.
Executive Council of Ceylon
The Executive Council of Ceylon was the executive council created in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) by the British colonial administration on the recommendations of the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission along with the Legislative Council of Ceylon in March 1833.

Legislative Council of Ceylon
The Legislative Council of Ceylon was the legislative body of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) established in 1833, along with the Executive Council of Ceylon, on the recommendations of the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission. It was the first form of representative government in the island. The 1931 Donoughmore Constitution replaced the Legislative Council with the State Council of Ceylon.

Members of the Legislative Council, used the post-nominal letters, MLC.
Alton Downs Station
Alton Downs Station, most commonly known simply as Alton Downs, is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in north east South Australia.

The property is situated approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) south west of Birdsville and 
253 kilometres (157 mi) north west of Innamincka. It is bordered to the west by the Simpson Desert Regional reserve, to the south by Clifton Hills Station and to the east by Pandie Pandie Station. The station contains many landforms including gibber plains, sand-plains, floodplains, channels and ephemeral rivers. The Warburton River flows through the property southward through Clifton Hills and Cowarie Station then discharging into Lake Eyre.

Pandie Pandie Station
Pandie Pandie Station, most commonly known as Pandie Pandie, also often spelled as Pandi Pandi or Pandy Pandy, is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in north east South Australia. It lies on the eastern edge of Karanguru territory.

It is situated about 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Birdsville and 222 kilometres (138 mi) north west of Innamincka along the banks of the Diamantina River in the channel country of South Australia. It is also situated toward the northern end of the Birdsville Track.
LNP (newspaper)
LNP is a daily newspaper headquartered in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The newspaper is published by the LNP Media Group, a division of the family-owned Steinman Enterprises. First published under its present name on October 14, 2014, LNP traces its roots to one of the oldest newspapers in the U.S., The Lancaster Journal, which dates back to 1794. The newspaper's broadsheet print edition is published in the morning, seven days per week. The paper's online counterpart is LancasterOnline.com. The online edition of the newspaper is currently blocked to European visitors as a response by LancasterOnline.com to the 2018 EEA data privacy regulations popularly known as GDPR.

LNP is the third-largest daily circulation print newspaper in the state of Pennsylvania, as of December 2016.

In June 2023, the Steinman family donated the publication to WITF, a Harrisburg public broadcaster.

LNP Media Group
LNP Media Group owns and publishes LNP, a daily newspaper based in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and LancasterOnline, its online affiliate with monthly readership of over one million. LNP traces its roots to The Lancaster Journal, first published in 1794.

LNP Media Group publishes three other local newspapers in Lancaster County: The Lititz Record Express, The Ephrata Review and The Elizabethtown Advocate. Additionally, LNP Media Group owns and publishes two specialty publications: La Voz Lancaster (formerly La Voz Hispana), and Fly After 5 (formerly Fly Magazine).

LNP Media Group is owned by Steinman Communications, a corporation controlled by descendants of Andrew Jackson Steinman, who purchased the Intelligencer in 1866. In April 2023, Steinman Communications announced plans to donate most of LNP Media Group's holdings to Harrisburg public broadcaster WITF.