hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agnes of Waiblingen
Agnes of Waiblingen (1072/73 – 24 September 1143), also known as Agnes of Germany, Agnes of Franconia and Agnes of Saarbrücken, was a member of the Salian imperial family.  Through her first marriage, she was Duchess of Swabia; through her second marriage, she was Margravine of Austria.

Salian dynasty
The Salian dynasty or Salic dynasty (German: Salier) was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages. The dynasty provided four kings of Germany (1024–1125), all of whom went on to be crowned Holy Roman emperors (1027–1125).

After the death of the last Ottonian emperor in 1024, the Kingdom of Germany and later the entire Holy Roman Empire passed to Conrad II, a Salian. He was followed by three more Salian rulers: Henry III, Henry IV, and Henry V. They established their monarchy as a major European power. The Salian dynasty developed a permanent administrative system based on a class of public officials answerable to the crown.
Records in Contexts
Records in Contexts, or RiC, is a standard for describing records, created and maintained by the Expert Group on Archival Description (EGAD) of the International Council on Archives (ICA). Version 1.0 of the first three parts of the standard — a high-level conceptual model (RiC-CM), an ontology (RiC-O), and a description of the foundations of the standard (RiC-FAD) — were released in late 2023, whilst version 0.1 of the fourth part, containing application guidelines (RiC-AG), was released in October 2025. It is an official recommendation of ICA that RiC replace the earlier standard ISAD(G), which is in use widespread use directly and in derived form, along with the latter's companion standards ISAAR(CPF), ISDF, and ISDIAH.

International Standard Archival Authority Record
An International Standard Archival Authority Record (ISAAR) is a form of authority control record, standardized by the Committee of Descriptive Standards of the International Council on Archives.

ISAAR (CPF) is the International Standard Archival Authority Record For Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families; its first edition was adopted by the committee in 1996, with a revised edition in 2003.
Jacques Camatte
Jacques Camatte (18 February 1935 – 19 April 2025) was a French writer, philosopher, Marxist theoretician and member of the International Communist Party, a primarily Italian left communist organisation under the influence of Amadeo Bordiga. After Bordiga's death and the events of May 68, his beliefs began to fall closer to the tendencies of anarcho-primitivism and communization, later influencing accelerationism.

Amadeo Bordiga
Amadeo Bordiga (13 June 1889 – 25 July 1970) was an Italian Marxist theorist. A revolutionary socialist, Bordiga was the founder of the Communist Party of Italy (PCdI), a member of the Communist International (Comintern), and later a leading figure of the Internationalist Communist Party (PCInt). He was originally associated with the PCdI but was expelled in 1930 after being accused of Trotskyism. Bordiga is viewed as one of the most notable representatives of left communism in Europe.
Summer savory
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis) is among the best known of the savory genus. It is an annual, but otherwise is similar in use and flavor to the perennial winter savory.  It is used more often than winter savory, which has a slightly more bitter flavor.

This herb has lilac tubular flowers which bloom in the northern hemisphere from July to September.
It grows to around 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 ft) in height and has very slender, bronze-green leaves.

Winter savory
Satureja montana (winter savory or mountain savory), is a perennial, semi-evergreen herb in the family Lamiaceae, native to warm temperate regions of southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa. It has dark green leaves and summer flowers ranging from pale lavender, or pink to white. The closely related summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an annual plant.
Connecticut Route 99
Route 99 is a state highway in Connecticut running for 10.64 miles (17.12 km) from Route 9 in Cromwell, through the town of Rocky Hill, ending in Wethersfield at the Hartford city line. The road continues into Hartford as a local road (Wethersfield Avenue).  It follows the former alignment of Route 9 from prior to that route's upgrade to a freeway.

Connecticut Route 9
Connecticut State Route 9 is a 40.89-mile-long (65.81 km) expressway running from Interstate 95 (I-95) in Old Saybrook north to I-84 in Farmington. It connects the Eastern Coastline of the state along with the Lower Connecticut River Valley to Hartford and the Capital Region.
South Ozone Park
South Ozone Park is a neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Queens. It is just north of John F. Kennedy International Airport, between Aqueduct Racetrack to the west and the Van Wyck Expressway to the east. Adjacent neighborhoods include Ozone Park to the west; Richmond Hill to the north; Jamaica, South Jamaica, and Springfield Gardens to the east; and Howard Beach and Old Howard Beach to the southwest.

Rockaway Boulevard is South Ozone Park's main business strip. There is also a high concentration of small businesses along Liberty Avenue, which is also one of South Ozone Park's main source of revenue.

South Ozone Park is located in Queens Community District 10 and its ZIP Code is 11420. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 106th Precinct. Politically, South Ozone Park is represented by the New York City Council's 28th and 32nd Districts.

Howard Beach
Howard Beach is a neighborhood in the southwestern portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bordered to the north by the Belt Parkway and Conduit Avenue in Ozone Park, to the south by Jamaica Bay in Broad Channel, to the east by 102nd–104th Streets in South Ozone Park, and to the west by 75th Street in East New York, Brooklyn. The area consists mostly of low-rise single-family detached houses.

Howard Beach is located in Queens Community District 10 and its ZIP Code is 11414. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 106th Precinct. Politically, Howard Beach is represented by the New York City Council's 32nd District.
Mercutio
Mercutio (/mɜːrˈkjuːʃioʊ/ mur-KEW-shee-oh; Italian: Mercuzio [merˈkuttsjo]) is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's 1597 tragedy, Romeo and Juliet. He is a close friend to Romeo and a blood relative to Prince Escalus and Count Paris. As such, Mercutio is one of the few characters in the play who can mingle with people from both of the feuding Montague and Capulet families. The invitation to Lord Capulet's party states that he has a brother named Valentine.

Though often fun-loving and witty, the latter demonstrated in his Queen Mab speech in the first act, Mercutio's sense of humour can at times be facetious or even coarse, much to his friends' annoyance. He is also moody and given to sudden outbursts of temper, one of which sets a key plot development in motion.

Characters in Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare's tragic play Romeo and Juliet, set in Verona, Italy, features the eponymous protagonists Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. The cast of characters includes members of their respective families and households; Prince Escalus, the city's ruler, and his kinsmen, Count Paris and Mercutio; and various unaffiliated characters such as Friar Laurence and the Chorus. In addition, the play contains two ghost characters, Petruchio and Valentine, and an unseen character, Rosaline.
Sugar Daddy (candy)
Sugar Daddy is a sucker manufactured by Tootsie Roll Industries that is essentially a moderately hard brick of caramel similar to a Slo Poke, the "All Day Sucker".

A bite-sized caramel candy based on the Sugar Daddy is marketed under the name Sugar Babies.

Sugar Babies (candy)
Sugar Babies are bite-sized, pan-coated, chewy milk caramel sweets in the US which are relatively soft to chew. Tootsie describes them as "slow-cooked, candy-coated milk caramels" sold as movie-theater candy.
New York State Route 276
New York State Route 276 (NY 276) is a state highway located entirely within Clinton County, New York, United States. It connects the town of Champlain to the village of Rouses Point, with both termini situated at intersections with U.S. Route 11 (US 11), approximately 5 miles (8 km) apart. The middle third of the route runs along the southern edge of the Canadian border and connects to Quebec Route 221 by way of the Overton Corners–Lacolle 221 Border Crossing, midway between the villages of Champlain and Rouses Point. In Rouses Point, NY 276 is known as Church Street and Pratt Street. All of NY 276 was originally designated as part of NY 348 before gaining its current designation c. 1963.

New York State Route 348
New York State Route 348 (NY 348) was a state highway located within the town of Chazy in Clinton County, New York, in the United States. It stretched for 6.2 miles (10.0 km) from NY 22 in the hamlet of West Chazy to U.S. Route 9 (US 9) in the hamlet of Chazy and passed under the Adirondack Northway (Interstate 87 or I-87). NY 348 did not intersect any state routes or pass through any communities other than those at each of its termini.

When NY 348 was originally assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, it began in West Chazy and ended in the village of Champlain. The route was extended northeastward to Rouses Point by 1931, then truncated to the hamlet of Chazy in the early 1960s. NY 348 ceased to exist entirely in 1980, at which time its former routing became County Route 24 (CR 24).
Daniel H. Coakley
Daniel Henry Coakley (December 10, 1865 – September 18, 1952) was an American Democratic politician and attorney from Massachusetts. He was a key figure in early 20th century Boston politics, as an ally to District Attorney Joseph C. Pelletier and as an on-again-off-again ally to Mayor James Michael Curley. As an attorney, Coakley took part in numerous badger game extortion schemes and was disbarred in 1922 for deceit, malpractice, and gross misconduct.

Coakley later was elected to the Massachusetts Governor's Council, where he secured a pardon for mobster Raymond L. S. Patriarca. He was impeached and removed from office in 1941 for using his position and influence to secure pardons in exchange for financial gain.

Joseph C. Pelletier
Joseph C. Pelletier (April 25, 1872 – March 25, 1924) was district attorney of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, the first owner and president of the Boston Red Sox, and the Supreme Advocate of the Knights of Columbus. Despite success as a district attorney in successfully prosecuting Charles Ponzi, he later was removed as district attorney and disbarred for blackmail and extortion.
Santa Maria Joint Union High School District
Santa Maria Joint Union High School District (SMJUHSD) operates four high schools (Delta, Ernest Righetti, Santa Maria, and Pioneer Valley) located in Santa Maria, California. Currently, 7,800 students are enrolled in this district.

Pioneer Valley High School
Pioneer Valley High School (PVHS) is a public comprehensive high school in Santa Maria, California, United States. The school is the newest campus in the Santa Maria Joint Union High School District, opening to a class of freshmen and sophomores on August 11, 2004.
South Hams
South Hams is a local government district on the south coast of Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Totnes, although the largest town is Ivybridge. The district also contains the towns of Dartmouth, Kingsbridge and Salcombe and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

Much of the district's landscape is recognised for its natural beauty; the north of the district includes part of Dartmoor National Park, the district's coastline and adjoining areas form most of the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and part of the west of the district lies within the Tamar Valley AONB. The district's coast includes the promontories of Start Point and Bolt Head.

The neighbouring districts are Torbay, Teignbridge, West Devon, Cornwall (across the Tamar–Tavy Estuary) and Plymouth.

Torbay
Torbay /tɔːrˈbeɪ/ is a unitary authority with a borough status in the ceremonial county of Devon, England. It is governed by Torbay Council, based in the town of Torquay, and also includes the towns of Paignton and Brixham. In 2021 it had a population of 139,324. The borough consists of 24.27 sq mi (62.9 km2) of land around the east-facing Tor Bay, part of Lyme Bay on the English Channel.  A popular tourist destination, Torbay's sandy beaches, mild climate and recreational and leisure attractions have given rise to its nickname of the English Riviera. The neighbouring districts are South Hams and Teignbridge.
Sonnō jōi
Sonnō jōi (尊王攘夷; "revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians") was a yojijukugo (four-character compound) phrase used as the rallying cry and slogan of a political movement in Japan in the 1850s and 1860s, during the Bakumatsu period. Based on Neo-Confucianism and Japanese nativism, the movement sought to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate and restore the power of the Emperor of Japan.

Kokugaku
Kokugaku (国学; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.ɡa.kɯ, -ŋa.kɯ], lit. 'national study') was an academic movement, a school of Japanese philology and philosophy originating during the Edo period. Kokugaku scholars worked to refocus Japanese scholarship away from the then-dominant study of Chinese, Confucian, and Buddhist texts in favor of research into the early Japanese classics.
Pè a Corsica
Pè a Corsica (English: For Corsica) was a Corsican nationalist political alliance in France, which was calling for more autonomy for Corsica. More specifically, it was a coalition of the two Corsican nationalist parties active on the island; that is, the moderately autonomist Femu a Corsica and the strongly committed separatist Corsica Libera (which won respectively 17.62% and 7.73% of the vote in the first round of the 2015 French regional elections). The party was led by the autonomist Gilles Simeoni. The alliance was renewed for the 2017 territorial election. However, the alliance was dissolved for the 2021 territorial election.

Corsican nationalism
Corsican nationalism is the concept of a cohesive nation of Corsica and a national identity of its people. The Corsican autonomy movement stems from Corsican nationalism and advocates for further autonomy for the island, if not outright independence from France.
Anne North, Countess of Guilford
Anne North, Countess of Guilford (née Speke; 1740 – 17 January 1797) was an English woman of the 18th century, best known as the wife of Frederick, Lord North, who was Prime Minister of Great Britain between 1770 and 1782. During his term in office, she was known as "Lady North"; she became Countess of Guilford when her father-in-law died in 1790.

Frederick North, Lord North
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 1732 – 5 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led the Kingdom of Great Britain through most of the American Revolutionary War. He also held a number of other cabinet posts, including Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer.

North's reputation among historians has varied wildly, reaching its lowest point in the late 19th century, when he was depicted as a creature of King George III and an incompetent who lost the American colonies. In the early 20th century a revised view emerged which emphasised his strengths in administering the Treasury, handling the House of Commons, and in defending the Church of England. The historian Herbert Butterfield, however, argued that his indolence was a barrier to efficient crisis management; he neglected his role in supervising the entire war effort.
Xaltocan
Xaltocan was a pre-Columbian city-state and island in the Valley of Mexico, located in the center of Lake Xaltocan, part of an interconnected shallow lake system which included Lake Texcoco; this place is now inside the village of San Miguel Jaltocan in Nextlalpan, State of Mexico. The site was originally settled by the Otomi people but following a war in the late fourteenth century where the Otomi were defeated by an alliance of Tepanecs and Mexica, the Otomi were driven off the island and relocated to Otumba, Metztitlan and Tlaxcala. The island of Xaltocan was then resettled by Nahuatl speakers. The name can mean either of two things in the Nahuatl language: either 'sandy ground of spiders' or 'where it is planted on the sand'.

Otompan
Otompan (Nahuatl for "place of Otomis") or Otumba (the Spanish version of the name) was a pre-Columbian altepetl or city-state in the upper Teotihuacan Valley (now in Mexico).

According to histories written in the colonial period (16th and 17th centuries), Otompan was created around 1395 when Techotlalatzin, ruler of Texcoco, settled Otomi refugees there who were fleeing the conquest of Xaltocan by the Tepanecs under Tezozomoc.
NGC 275
NGC 275 is a barred spiral galaxy located approximately 63 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It is one of a pair of galaxies, the other being NGC 274. It was discovered on October 9, 1828, by John Herschel.

The galaxy was described as "very faint, small, round, southeastern of 2" by John Dreyer in the New General Catalogue, with the other of the two galaxies being NGC 274.

NGC 274
NGC 274 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is a pair of galaxies, the other being NGC 275, which it is currently interacting with. It was discovered on September 10, 1785 by William Herschel. It is roughly 120 million light-years away.
Montmartre Synagogue
The Montmartre Synagogue (French: Synagogue de la rue Sainte-Isaure) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on the Rue Sainte-Isaure, in the XV111e arrondissement of Paris, France.

Since 1904 a small Jewish temple has been functioning at this location. In 1907, baron Edmond de Rothschild contributed to its expansion.

During the Second World War, in 1941 the synagogue was damaged by far-right French collaborators.

From 1975 to 2006, Chief Rabbi Meyer Zini served at the synagogue and led the Montmartre community for over thirty years. When he arrived, this Ashkenazi synagogue was sparsely attended, if not nearly abandoned. He revitalized community life, attracted a large congregation, and established a Talmud Torah. His spiritual leadership, characterized by strong Zionist commitment and a central emphasis on the Land of Israel, deeply influenced the community’s youth, many of whom eventually chose to emigrate to Israel.

1941 Paris synagogue attacks
On the night of October 2–3, 1941, six synagogues were attacked in Paris and damaged by explosive devices places by their doors between 2:05 and 4:05 am. The perpetrators were identified but not arrested.
4th Punjab Infantry Regiment
The 4th Punjab Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army formed on 18 April 1849 by Captain GG Denniss at Lahore as part of the Transfrontier Brigade, which became the Punjab Irregular Force (PIF) in 1851. The regiment was designated as the 57th Wilde's Rifles (Frontier Force) in 1903, and 4th Battalion (Wilde's) 13th Frontier Force Rifles in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 9th Battalion The Frontier Force Regiment.

13th Frontier Force Rifles
The 13th Frontier Force Rifles was part of the British Indian Army, and after 1947, Pakistan Army. It was formed in 1922 by amalgamation of five existing regiments and consisted of five regular battalions. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army.
Al-Musta'in
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد بن محمد; 836 – 17 October 866), better known by his regnal title al-Mustaʿīn (836 – 17 October 866) was the Abbasid caliph from 862 to 866, during the "Anarchy at Samarra". After the death of previous Caliph, al-Muntasir (who had not appointed any successors), the Turkic military leaders held a council to select his successor. They were not willing to have al-Mu'tazz or his brothers; so they elected Ahmad ibn Muhammad (أحمد بن محمد), a nephew of al-Mutawakkil, who took the regnal name al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh (المستعين بالله  "he who looks for help to God").

Arab and other troops based in Baghdad, displeased at the choice, attacked the assembly, broke open the prison, and plundered the armory. They were attacked by the Turkic and Berber soldiers, and after some fighting in which many died, succumbed.

Al-Mutawakkil
Ja'far ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh (Arabic: جعفر بن محمد بن هارون, romanized: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn); March 822 – 11 December 861, commonly known by his regnal name al-Mutawwakil ala Allah (Arabic: المتوكل على الله, romanized: al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh, lit. 'He who relies on God'), was the tenth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 847 until his assassination in 861. He succeeded his brother, al-Wathiq (r. 842–847), and is known for expanding the empire to its maximum extent. He was deeply religious, and is remembered for discarding the Muʿtazila, ending the Mihna (a period of persecution of Islamic scholars), and releasing Ahmad ibn Hanbal. He is also known for his tough rule, especially with respect to non-Muslim subjects.

He was assassinated on 11 December 861 by the Turkic guard with the support of his son, al-Muntasir, marking the beginning of the period of civil strife known as the "Anarchy at Samarra".
Limeside
Limeside is a large housing estate in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England, 2 miles south of the town centre in the Hollinwood ward, contiguous with Failsworth, Hollins and Garden Suburb. Daisy Nook countryside park lies to the south.

Whitebank Stadium, home of Oldham R.L.F.C. and North West Counties League football club Avro F.C., is in Limeside. Hollinwood Cemetery lies immediately west of the estate.

Hollinwood, Greater Manchester
Hollinwood is an area and electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The population at the 2011 census was 10,920.

Bisected by the A62 road, Hollinwood is southwest of Oldham, contiguous with the towns of Chadderton and Failsworth, at Junction 22 of the M60 motorway.
New York Philharmonic
The New York Philharmonic is an American symphony orchestra based in New York City. Known officially as the Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York, Inc., and globally known as the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (NYPO) or the New York Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra, it is one of the leading American orchestras popularly called the "Big Five". The Philharmonic's home is David Geffen Hall, at New York's Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.

Founded in 1842, the orchestra is one of the oldest musical institutions in the United States and the oldest of the "Big Five" orchestras. Its 14,000th concert was given in December 2004.

David Geffen Hall
David Geffen Hall is a concert hall at Lincoln Center on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The 2,200-seat auditorium opened in 1962, and is the home of the New York Philharmonic.

The facility, designed by Max Abramovitz, was originally named Philharmonic Hall and was renamed Avery Fisher Hall in honor of philanthropist Avery Fisher, who donated $10.5 million ($74 million today) to the orchestra in 1973.  In November 2014, Lincoln Center officials announced Fisher's name would be removed from the Hall so that naming rights could be sold to the highest bidder as part of a $500 million fund-raising campaign to refurbish the Hall.  In 2015, the Hall acquired its present name after David Geffen donated $100 million to Lincoln Center.