hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1996 Republican Party presidential primaries
From January 29 to June 4, 1996, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1996 United States presidential election. Senator Bob Dole of Kansas, the former Senate majority leader and previous vice presidential nominee, was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1996 Republican National Convention held from August 12 to 15, 1996, in San Diego, California. Dole resigned from the Senate in June 1996 once he became the presumptive nominee to concentrate on his presidential campaign. He chose Jack Kemp as his running mate.

Dole and Kemp went on to lose to President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore by a severe margin, thereby making this the only Republican presidential primary within the span from 1968 to 2004 in which the Republican nominee had never been nor ever became president.

1996 Republican National Convention
The 1996 Republican National Convention convened at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego, California, from August 12 to August 15, 1996. The convention nominated Senator Bob Dole from Kansas, for president and former representative and secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp, from suburban Buffalo, New York, for vice president.
Heer Ranjha
Heer Ranjha (Punjabi: [ɦiɾ ɾaːnd͡ʒ(ʱ)aː]) is a classical Punjabi folk tragedy with many historic poetic narrations; the first one was penned by Damodar Gulati in 1600s, based on a preexisting oral legend; and the most famous one, Heer, written by Waris Shah in 1766, in the form of an epic. Set in Takht Hazara and Tilla Jogian, it follows the story of love, forced separation, and eventual simultaneous demise of two youths in the Punjabi countryside.

It is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. The other three are Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahiwal and Sassi Punnun.

Mirza Sahiban
Mirza Sahiban (Punjabi: [mɪɾzaː saːɦɪbãː]) also spelled as "Mirza Sahiba" (Punjabi: [mɪɾzaː saːɦɪbãː]) is a classical Punjabi folk tragedy, originally recorded in literary form by the 17th-century poet Pilu. Set in a village (now in Jhang district of Pakistan), the tragedy follows the romance between two youths, belonging to chieftain families of their respective clans, their elopement and eventual demise.

It is regarded as one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. The other three are Heer Ranjha, Sohni Mahiwal and Sassi Punnun.
Silvestre Gutiérrez
Manuel Silvestre Gutiérrez Chávez (Arequipa; December 30, 1826 — Lima; July 26, 1872) was a Peruvian colonel that participated in the coup d'état headed by his brother Tomás Gutiérrez against then president José Balta on July 22, 1872, dying in the events that took place four days later.

Tomás Gutiérrez
Tomás Francisco Gutiérrez Chávez (March 7, 1817 – July 26, 1872) was a Peruvian colonel who, along with his brothers, led a coup against President José Balta Montero and served as the Supreme Leader of Peru for four days in July 1872. From July 22, 1872, to July 26, 1872, Gutiérrez was the de facto leader of Peru and the self-proclaimed "Supreme Leader of the Republic" after a coup d'état. He was overthrown just four days after his proclamation and lynched. Peru later regained some political stability with the election of Manuel Pardo, although this stability was short-lived as a foreign threat began to arise in Chile.
William Bates (physician)
William Horatio Bates (December 23, 1860 – July 10, 1931) was an American physician who practiced ophthalmology and developed what became known as the Bates method for better eyesight. The method was based in his theory that the eye does not focus by changing the power of the lens, but rather by elongating the eyeball through use of the extraocular oblique muscles; this model contradicted mainstream ophthalmology and optometry then and now.

Bates method
The Bates method is an ineffective and potentially dangerous alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight. Eye-care physician William Horatio Bates (1860–1931) held the erroneous belief that the extraocular muscles produced changes in focus and that "mental strain" caused abnormal action of these muscles; hence he believed that relieving such "strain" would cure  defective vision. In 1952, optometry professor Elwin Marg wrote of Bates, "Most of his claims and almost all of his theories have been considered false by practically all visual scientists."

No type of training has been shown to change the refractive power of the eye. Moreover, certain aspects of the Bates method can put its followers at risk: They may damage their eyes through overexposure to sunlight, not wear their corrective lenses when they need them (e.g., while driving), or neglect conventional eye care, possibly allowing serious conditions to develop.
Year of the Griffin
Year of the Griffin, later The Year of the Griffin in the UK, is a fantasy novel by the British author Diana Wynne Jones, published in 2000 simultaneously in the UK and the US. It is the sequel to The Dark Lord of Derkholm, set primarily at the university several years after that novel's radical conclusion.

Year is centred on six first-year students of magic, in relation to the administration and teachers, their families and studies, and each other. A review in Publishers Weekly called it a "boisterous spoof of the campus novel"; another in Booklist said that it continues "Jones' spoof of traditional fantasy conventions".

Dark Lord of Derkholm
The Dark Lord of Derkholm, simply Dark Lord of Derkholm in the United States, is a fantasy novel by the British author Diana Wynne Jones, published autumn 1998 in both the U.K. and the U.S. It won the 1999 Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Children's Literature.

The novel is a parody, for its setting is a mock high fantasy world, similar to that Jones covered in The Tough Guide to Fantasyland (U.K., 1996), a humorous travel guide on the Rough Guides model. The story continues in Year of the Griffin, and the two novels have been called the Derkholm series (which the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFB) does not explicitly link to The Tough Guide).
Bahr al-Arab
The Bahr al-Arab  (Arabic: بحر العرب) or Kiir River (Dinka) is a river which flows approximately 800 km (500 mi) through the southwest of Sudan and marks part of its international border with South Sudan. It is part of the Nile river system, being a tributary of Bahr el Ghazal, which is a tributary of the White Nile.

The river flows through Sudan's Kurdufan and Darfur regions and forms part of the border between Darfur and the region of Bahr el Ghazal in northwestern South Sudan. For centuries the Bahr al-Arab has marked the boundary between the Dinka and Baggara ethnic groups.  The river has served as a frontier and zone of conflict between the Baggara and Dinka peoples since their oral traditions began.

Bahr el Ghazal River
The Bahr el Ghazal (Arabic: بحر الغزال, lit. 'sea of gazelles') or Naam River (Nuer) is a river in South Sudan. The South Sudanese region of Bahr el Ghazal takes its name from the river.

The Bahr el Ghazal is the main western tributary of the Nile. It is 716 km (445 mi) long, flowing through the Sudd wetlands to Lake No, where it joins the White Nile.
Metroweb Italia
Metroweb Italia S.p.A. (formerly F2i Reti TLC S.p.A.) was a fiber-optic network operator based in Milan, Italy. It was the holding that controlled Metroweb Milano, Metroweb Genova, Metroweb Sviluppo and Metrobit.

Founded in 2011, Metroweb Italia was a joint venture between F2i (53.83%) and Cassa Depositi e Prestiti via FSI Investimenti (46.17%). It was known for its fiber-optic cabling and offered a wide range of dark fiber services to operators and companies of all kinds.

In 2017 it was merged into Enel Open Fiber.

CDP Equity
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Equity S.p.A. (formerly Fondo Strategico Italiano S.p.A.; FSI S.p.A.) also known as CDP Equity S.p.A., is a majority state-owned Italian sovereign wealth fund established in 2011. Its purpose is to invest in strategic Italian companies to help them to compete globally.
Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone
Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone is a 1989 Japanese anime fantasy martial arts film, the fourth installment in the Dragon Ball film series, and the first under the Dragon Ball Z moniker. It was originally released in Japan on July 15 at the "Toei Manga Matsuri" film festival along with the 1989 film version of Himitsu no Akko-chan, the first Akuma-kun film, and the film version of Kidou Keiji Jiban. It was preceded by Dragon Ball: Mystical Adventure and followed by Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest.

Despite continuity inconsistencies, Dead Zone acts as a prelude to the Dragon Ball Z television series and is the only film to get a follow-up within the series, that being the Garlic Jr. arc which takes place between Frieza and Android arcs. The canonicity of this arc is debated as it does not appear in the original manga.

Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest
Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest (Japanese: ドラゴンボールZ　この世で一番強いヤツ, Hepburn: Doragon Bōru Zetto: Kono Yo de Ichiban Tsuyoi Yatsu) is a 1990 Japanese animated science fiction martial arts film and the second feature film in the Dragon Ball Z franchise. It was originally released in Japan on March 10 between episodes 39 and 40 of DBZ, at the "Toei Manga Matsuri" film festival along with the second Akuma-kun film (Welcome to Devil Land) and the 1990 film version of Sally the Witch. It was preceded by Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone and followed by Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might.
Karma massacre
The Karma massacre was a massacre in the village of Karma, Ouahigouya Department, Burkina Faso on April 20, 2023 perpetrated by soldiers of the Rapid Intervention Brigade's 3rd Battalion in response to the Aorema attack by jihadists that killed several soldiers and civilians a few days prior. The Karma massacre was one of the deadliest massacres of the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso, and up to that point the deadliest perpetrated by government forces.

April 2023 Aorema attack
On April 15, 2023, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin attacked a group of Burkinabe soldiers and civilian volunteers in the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP) near Aorema, Yatenga Province, Burkina Faso, killing at least forty soldiers and VDP and injuring over thirty others. The attack occurred a month after a massacre against civilians by JNIM in Aorema that killed fourteen. Following the attack, Burkinabe soldiers searching for the perpetrators of the April attack killed over 130 civilians in the Karma massacre.
American Champion Decathlon
The American Champion 8KCAB Decathlon and Super Decathlon are two-seat fixed conventional gear light airplanes designed for flight training and personal use and capable of sustaining aerobatic stresses between +6g and −5g.  The Decathlon entered production in the United States in 1970 as a more powerful and stronger complement to the American Champion Citabria line of aircraft.

The Decathlon was designed by the Champion Aircraft Corporation, and is a derivative of the 7-series Citabrias.  While the Citabria designs remain successful, and the introduction of the 7KCAB variant of the Citabria had added limited inverted flight capability, the Citabrias are not capable of "outside" maneuvers, those requiring significant negative-g loads.  Pilots wanted an aircraft capable of more maneuvers, and Champion introduced the 8KCAB Decathlon in response to this demand.

American Champion Citabria
The Citabria is a light single-engine, two-seat, fixed conventional gear airplane which entered production in the United States in 1964.  Designed for flight training, utility and personal use, it is capable of sustaining aerobatic stresses from +5g to -2g.  Its name, "airbatic" backwards, reflects this.
El Jaish SC (handball)
El Jaish Handball Team (Arabic: فريق الجيش كرة اليد) was the handball team of El Jaish SC, a multisport club based in the Al-Duhail area of Doha, Qatar. It used to compete in the Qatar Handball League (QHL). The team which was officially founded in 2011, became a dominant force in the QHL since its formation.

The team has previously won the continental championship, the Asian Club League Handball Championship, on one occasion in 2013. In April 2017, the club was taken over by Lekhwiya and rebranded into Al-Duhail SC.

El Jaish SC
El-Jaish Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الجيش الرياضي) was a Qatari multi-sports club from 2007 to 2017, based in the Al-Duhail area of Doha. The association football team played in the Qatar Stars League. The team won the Qatargas League prior to 2011, but were not eligible for promotion and as a result were not declared as the champions of the league. It was promoted to the first division, the Stars League, the first year after it was made eligible.

The club also had participations in other sports, most notably in handball where its team has previously achieved 3rd place in both the GCC Handball Championship and the Asian Club Handball Championship.

In April 2017, it was announced that the club would be taken over by Lekhwiya SC following the 2016–17 Qatar Stars League, and merge into Lekhwiya SC which would be rebranded as Al-Duhail SC.
Young and Dangerous (film series)
The Young and Dangerous film series (Chinese: 古惑仔電影系列) is a collection of Hong Kong films about a group of young triad members, detailing their adventures, dangers and growth in a Hong Kong triad society. The series is based on a popular comic book series known as Teddy Boy (古惑仔).

The series contributed a lot to the public image of triads and was condemned by certain quarters as glorifying secret triad societies. However, it was immensely popular in Hong Kong and spawned nine sequels and spin-offs. Its main actors and actresses have also become major stars in their own right.

Andrew Lau served as cinematographer and director for parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as well as the spinoff Born to Be King and the prequel film, with radio personality Manfred Wong writing scripts for the ongoing franchise.

Young and Dangerous 4
Young and Dangerous 4 (Chinese: 97古惑仔之戰無不勝; Literal Title 97 Wise Guys: No War Cannot Be Won) is a 1997 Hong Kong triad film directed by Andrew Lau. It is the third sequel to the Young and Dangerous film series.
KHDR
KHDR (96.9 FM) and KNAC (94.9 FM) are radio stations licensed to Lenwood and Baker, California. Owned by The Drive, LLC, a joint venture between Heftel Broadcasting Company and Point Broadcasting, they broadcast an active rock format branded as Pure Rock KNAC. Similarly to sister station KRXV, the stations serve the Interstate 15 and Interstate 40 corridors, targeting travelers from California to Las Vegas and Laughlin, Nevada.

KRXV
KRXV (98.1 FM) and KHWY (98.9 FM) are radio stations, licensed to Yermo, California and Essex, California. They collectively broadcast a Hot AC format branded as Highway Vibe which also simulcasts on KHYZ-HD2. The stations are owned by Richard Heftel's Heftel Broadcasting Company, with studios in Barstow, California.

The simulcast targets travellers to Las Vegas and Laughlin, Nevada on Interstate 15 and Interstate 40; alongside their music programming, the stations carry traffic and weather information, information and advertising for events, casinos, nightclubs, and other businesses around Southern Nevada, and businesses in the Barstow area. Heftel also owns the country music KIXW-FM/KIXF Highway Country, mainstream rock KHDR/KNAC Highway Rock, and dance KHYZ Vibe 99.7.
Variational inequality
In mathematics, a variational inequality is an inequality involving a functional, which has to be solved for all possible values of a given variable, belonging usually to a convex set. The mathematical theory of variational inequalities was initially developed to deal with equilibrium problems, precisely the Signorini problem: in that model problem, the functional involved was obtained as the first variation of the involved potential energy. Therefore, it has a variational origin, recalled by the name of the general abstract problem. The applicability of the theory has since been expanded to include problems from economics, finance, optimization and game theory.

Signorini problem
The Signorini problem is an elastostatics problem in linear elasticity: it consists in finding the elastic equilibrium configuration of an anisotropic non-homogeneous elastic body, resting on a rigid frictionless surface and subject only to its mass forces. The name was coined by Gaetano Fichera to honour his teacher, Antonio Signorini: the original name coined by him is problem with ambiguous boundary conditions.
Middle Turkic languages
Middle Turkic refers to a phase in the development of the Turkic language family, covering much of the Middle Ages (c. 900–1500 CE). In particular the term is used by linguists to refer to a group of Karluk, Oghuz and Kipchak and related languages spoken during this period in Central Asia, Iran, and other parts of the Middle East controlled by the Seljuk Turks. Middle Turkish is also a dialect of  Common Turkic.

Oghuz languages
The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen which, combined, account for more than 95% of speakers of this sub-branch.

Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, who lived in the 11th century, stated that the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages.

Swedish turcologist and linguist Lars Johanson notes that Oghuz languages form a clearly discernible and closely related bloc within the Turkic language family as the cultural and political history of the speakers of Oghuz languages has linked them more closely up to the modern age. Western Oghuz languages are highly mutually intelligible with each other and the Crimean Tatar language, which, though Kipchak Turkic rather than Oghuz, has been heavily influenced by Turkish over several centuries.
Drew Gooden (YouTuber)
Drew Gooden (born October 26, 1993) is an American commentary YouTuber, comedian, and former Viner who makes comedic videos, mainly on internet culture and pop culture. His YouTube channel has over four million subscribers. Before YouTube, Gooden was a Viner best known for his "Road Work Ahead" Vine. He often collaborates with fellow YouTuber Danny Gonzalez; the two went on their We Are Two Different People Tour in 2019. In 2021, Gooden won the Streamy Award for Commentary.

Danny Gonzalez
Daniel James Gonzalez (born June 12, 1994) is an American commentary YouTuber, comedian, musician and former Viner who originally came to prominence for his short comedy sketches on Vine in 2014. He created his main YouTube channel that same year, subsequently moving over to YouTube full-time when Vine closed down in 2017. His three personal channels and three group channels have collectively earned around 10.27 million subscribers, and 2.26 billion views, as of January 2026.
Ring: The Final Chapter
Ring: The Final Chapter (リング ～最終章～, Ring ~Saishūshō~) is a television series, produced in Japan, based on the Ring film series. There are a total of 12 episodes in the series and a sequel was made called Rasen, consisting of 13 episodes.

Rasen (TV series)
Spiral (らせん, Rasen) is the sequel to the TV drama Ring: The Final Chapter, based on the novel Spiral by Koji Suzuki. Much like Ring: The Final Chapter, it does not adapt much of the original source material. There are a total of 13 episodes in the series.
Polly Bergen
Polly Bergen (born Nellie Paulina Burgin; July 14, 1930 – September 20, 2014) was an American actress, singer, television host, writer, and entrepreneur.

She won an Emmy Award in 1958 for her performance as Helen Morgan in Helen Morgan (Playhouse 90). For her stage work, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Carlotta Campion in Follies in 2001. Her film work included Cape Fear (1962) and The Caretakers (1963), for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. She hosted her own weekly variety show for one season (The Polly Bergen Show), was a regular panelist on the TV game show To Tell the Truth, and later in life had roles in The Sopranos and Desperate Housewives. She wrote three books on beauty, fashion, and charm. She is also the inspiration behind Mother Goose in The Land of Stories.

Helen Morgan (singer)
Helen Morgan (née Riggin; August 2, 1900 – October 9, 1941) was an American singer and actress who worked in films and on the stage. A quintessential torch singer, she made a big splash in the Chicago club scene in the 1920s.  She starred as Julie LaVerne in the original Broadway production of Hammerstein and Kern's musical Show Boat in 1927, as well as in the 1932 Broadway revival of the musical, and appeared in two film adaptations, a part-talkie made in 1929  (prologue only) and  a full-sound version made in 1936, becoming firmly associated with the role. She suffered from bouts of  alcoholism, and despite her notable success in the title role of another Hammerstein and Kern's Broadway musical, Sweet Adeline (1929), her stage career was relatively short. Helen Morgan died of cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 41. She was portrayed by Polly Bergen in the Playhouse 90 drama The Helen Morgan Story and by Ann Blyth in the 1957 biopic based on the television drama.
Ta' Xbiex
Ta' Xbiex (Maltese pronunciation: [tɐʒˈbɪːʃ]) is a locality and Local Council in the Eastern Region of Malta with a population of 2,148 (estimated 2019). It is part of a small headland within the Marsamxett Harbour, right between the villages of Msida and Gżira.

Gżira
Gżira (Maltese: Il-Gżira) is a town in the Eastern Region of Malta. It is located between Msida and Sliema, also bordering on Ta' Xbiex. It has a population of 11,699 as of January 2019. The word Gżira means "island" in Maltese, and the town is named after Manoel Island which lies to the east of Gżira, between the Sliema peninsula and Valletta. The seafront of Gżira has views of the walled city of Valletta, which is illuminated at night, forming a backdrop to Manoel Island, the yacht marina and a seafront public garden. The hamlet of Kappara is located close to Gżira. The Orpheum Theatre is located in Gżira.
Melbourne United
Melbourne United is an Australian professional basketball team based in Melbourne, Victoria. United compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at John Cain Arena.

The team made their debut in the NBL in 1984 as the Melbourne Tigers. The Tigers were led by coach Lindsay Gaze and his son Andrew from 1984 until 2005, with the pair guiding the Tigers to two championships in the 1990s. The pair were supported by fellow club legends such as Dave Simmons, Lanard Copeland and Mark Bradtke. Four consecutive NBL Grand Finals followed between 2006 and 2009, with championships coming in 2006 and 2008 behind the likes of Chris Anstey and Darryl McDonald. After 31 seasons known as the Melbourne Tigers, the franchise underwent a controversial rebrand in 2014, changing the name of the team to Melbourne United. United won NBL championships in 2018 and 2021. The franchise's six championships is second only to the Perth Wildcats (ten) for most titles in NBL history.

John Cain Arena
John Cain Arena is a multi-purpose sports and entertainment arena located within Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is the second-largest venue and show court for the Australian Open, the first Grand Slam professional tennis tournament held each calendar year. The arena also hosts various other sporting and entertainment events throughout the year.

The arena has sometimes been dubbed "The People's Court" during Australian Open matches, owing to its accessibility for Australian Open patrons with a ground pass (i.e. the cheapest form of ticketing available) and the close proximity of spectators to the players, with the arena developing a reputation for being an incredibly passionate venue with a terrific atmosphere, particularly when Australians are playing on the court.