hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacob van Helsdingen
Jacob Pieter van Helsdingen (7 March 1907 – 7 March 1942) was a pilot of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. Van Helsdingen and August Deibel were the most successful Dutch pilots on the Brewster F2A fighter. He was twice awarded the Military William Order for bravery in battle.

August Deibel
1st Lieutenant August Gerard Deibel (11 September 1915 – 12 June 1951) was a Dutch pilot of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. He was part of 2-VLG-V, which was stationed in Singapore before its withdrawal to Java. His unit emblem was a rhinoceros head painted on both sides of the front fuselage on his Brewster Buffalo aircraft. His rank and surname, 'Lt Deibel' was printed beside the nose art.

Deibel is credited with three kills, two of which were Ki-27 Nates on 12 January, during a Japanese air raid over Singapore, and was twice wounded in action on 12 January and 19 February 1942. Deibel was killed on 12 June 1951, piloting a Gloster Meteor aircraft when it crashed near Uithuizen in the Netherlands.
Schwartz sign
Schwartz sign, also known as Flemingo's pink sign, is a diagnostic indicator for otosclerosis, a disease of the bones of the middle or inner ear.

In clinical examination of the ear drum, increased vascularity of the promontory may be seen through the ear drum.  This sign is known as Flemingo's flush sign or Schwartz's sign.  This indicates otospongiosis (active otosclerosis).

In about 10% of cases of otosclerosis, there is a redness of the promontory of the cochlea seen through the tympanic membrane due to prominent vascularity associated with an otospongiotic focus. Be aware of the similar, Brown's sign. This is a red retro-tympanic bulge that blanches on pressure via pneumatic otoscopy. This is secondary to paragangliomata of the middle ear.

Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition of the middle and inner ear where portions of the dense enchondral layer of the bony labyrinth remodel into one or more lesions of irregularly-laid spongy bone. As the lesions reach the stapes the bone is resorbed, then hardened (sclerotized), which limits its movement and results in hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo or a combination of these. The term otosclerosis is something of a misnomer: much of the clinical course is characterized by lucent rather than sclerotic bony changes, so the disease is also known as otospongiosis.
Haapajärvi
Haapajärvi is a town and municipality of Finland.

It is located in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The town has a population of 6,482 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 789.11 square kilometres (304.68 sq mi) of which 23.44 km2 (9.05 sq mi) is water. The population density is 8.46 inhabitants per square kilometre (21.9/sq mi).

Neighbour municipalities are Haapavesi, Kärsämäki, Nivala, Pihtipudas, Pyhäjärvi, Reisjärvi and Sievi.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Reisjärvi
Reisjärvi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈrei̯sˌjærʋi]) is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 2,534 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 503.19 square kilometres (194.28 sq mi) of which 28.81 km2 (11.12 sq mi) is water. The population density is 5.34 inhabitants per square kilometre (13.8/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The silver, five-pronged trident blade featured in the coat of arms is inspired by the ancient significance of inland lake fishing. The coat of arms was designed by Gustaf von Numers and was approved by the Reisjärvi municipal council on 26 June 1952. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed the coat of arms for use on 3 November of the same year.
Blyth, Eastman Dillon & Co.
Blyth, Eastman Dillon & Co. (Blyth Eastman or BEDCO) was an American investment bank founded in 1914.  Blyth Eastman operated for many years as one of the few major investment banking firms on the West Coast of the U.S.  At the time of its acquisition, Blyth Eastman had more than 700 finance related employees with over 70 branch offices across the U.S.  Blyth Eastman was among the top ten largest investment banks at the time of its acquisition.

Blyth Eastman was a leader in block trading, institutional investing, commodities brokering, and OTC trades.  The firm also had a strong corporate banking business.

The firm was merged with Paine Webber in 1979, which was later acquired by UBS AG.

Paine Webber
PaineWebber & Co. was an American investment bank and stock brokerage firm that was acquired by the Swiss bank UBS in 2000. The company was founded in 1880 in Boston, Massachusetts, by William A. Paine and Wallace G. Webber. Operating with two employees, they leased premises at 48 Congress Street in May 1881. The company was renamed Paine, Webber & Co. when Charles Hamilton Paine became a partner. Members of the Boston Stock Exchange, in 1890 the company acquired a seat on the New York Stock Exchange. Wallace G. Webber retired after the business weathered a major financial crisis of 1893.
David Foulis (golfer)
David Foulis (19 April 1868 – 11 June 1950) was a Scottish-American professional golfer who played in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Foulis tied for eighth place in the 1897 U.S. Open, held at the Chicago Golf Club in Wheaton, Illinois. He was the inventor of the golf hole cup liner or "golf flag support" and received a patent for the invention in 1912. He and his brother James were co-inventors of the modern 7-iron, which they called a "mashie-niblick".

James Foulis
James Foulis (22 August 1871 – 3 March 1928), also known as James Foulis Jr., was a Scottish-born professional golfer who played extensively in the United States. He won the second U.S. Open which was held in 1896. He also finished tied for third in the inaugural 1895 U.S. Open.
Kheda district
Kheda district, known as Kaira district during British rule, is one of the thirty-three districts of Gujarat state in western India. It is part of the region known as Charotar, consisting of Kheda and Anand districts. Kheda was an administrative capital during British rule. Nadiad is now the administrative headquarters of the district.

Anand district
Anand district is an administrative district of Gujarat state in western India and whose popular nickname is Charotar.  It was carved out of the Kheda district in 1997. Anand is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is bounded by Kheda District to the north, Vadodara District to the east, Ahmedabad District to the west, and the Gulf of Khambhat to the south. Major towns are Umreth, Khambhat, Tarapur, Petlad, Borsad and Sojitra.
Ismaili Centre, Dubai
The Ismaili Centre, Dubai is a 13,000-square-meter structure designed by the Egyptian duo Rami El Dahan and Soheir Farid, who drew inspiration from Cairo's Fatimid mosques. The Ismaili Centres are symbolic markers of the permanent presence and core values of Ismaili communities around the world. Architecturally unique, they are bridges of friendship and understanding, and serve to enhance relationships among communities, government and civil society. The Ismaili Centre in Dubai is a unique place that combines architectural cues with a mission to help people find individual spiritual peace and fellowship within their local and global community.

Ismaili Centre
The Ismaili Centres are symbolic markers of the permanent presence of the Nizari Ismailis in the countries and regions in which they are established, characterised by the Aga Khan IV as 'ambassadorial buildings'. Each building is architecturally unique and functions as a jamatkhana (place of worship), but also incorporates spaces for social and cultural gatherings, intellectual engagement and reflection, as well as spiritual contemplation. They facilitate mutual exchange and seek to foster understanding between diverse peoples, communities and faiths. Collectively and individually, the Centres represent the Nizari Ismaili community’s intellectual and spiritual understanding of Islam, as well as the community’s social conscience, outlook and attitude towards the societies in which it lives.
Saronic Gulf
The Saronic Gulf (Greek: Σαρωνικός κόλπος, Saronikós kólpos) or Gulf of Aegina in Greece is formed between the peninsulas of Attica and Argolis and forms part of the Aegean Sea. It defines the eastern side of the isthmus of Corinth, being the eastern terminus of the Corinth Canal, which cuts across the isthmus. The Saronic Islands in the gulf have played a pivotal role in the history of Greece, with the largest, Salamis being the location of a significant naval battle in the Greco-Persian wars. The Megara Gulf makes up the northern end of the Saronic Gulf.

The Athens urban area lies on the north coast of the Saronic Gulf.

Salamis Island
Salamis (/ˈsæləmɪs/ SAL-ə-miss; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Σαλαμίς, romanized: Salamís) or Salamina (Modern Greek: Σαλαμίνα, romanized: Salamína) is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about two kilometres (one nautical mile) from the coast of Athens' port of Piraeus and about 16 km (8+1⁄2 nmi) west of Athens center.

The chief city, Salamina, lies in the west-facing core of the crescent on Salamis Bay, which opens into the Saronic Gulf. On the eastern side of the island its main port, Paloukia, connects the island with Perama in the western part of Athens urban area through a frequent ferry line and is the second largest port in Greece in terms of passengers, after the port of Piraeus.
Xiphophorus
Xiphophorus is a genus of euryhaline and freshwater fishes in the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes, native to Mexico and northern Central America. Xiphophorus species can be divided into three groups based on their evolutionary relationships: platyfish (or platies), northern swordtails, and southern swordtails. Platyfish formerly were classified in another genus, Platypoecilus, which is now obsolete. The type species is X. hellerii, the green swordtail.  Like most other new world Poeciliids, platies and swordtails are  live-bearers that use internal fertilization and give birth to live young instead of laying eggs like the bulk of the world's fishes. All are relatively small fishes, which reach a maximum length of 3.5–16 cm (1.4–6.3 in) depending on the exact species involved.

Livebearers
Livebearers are fish that retain their eggs inside the body and give birth to live, free-swimming young. They are especially prized by aquarium owners. Among aquarium fish, livebearers are nearly all members of the family Poeciliidae and include: guppy, molly, platy, endler’s and swordtails.

The advantages of livebearing to the aquarist are that the newborn juvenile fish are larger than newly-hatched fry, have a lower chance of mortality and are easier to care for. Unusual livebearers include seahorses and pipefish, where the males care for the young, and certain cichlids that are mouthbrooders, with the parent incubating the eggs in the buccal cavity.
Walloomsac River
The Walloomsac River (/ˈwɑːluːmsæk, ˈwælʊmsɪk/) from the Native American name, Wal-loom-sac is a 16.8-mile-long (27.0 km) tributary of the Hoosic River in the northeastern United States. It rises in southwestern Vermont, in the Green Mountains east of the town of Bennington in Woodford Hollow at the confluence of Bolles Brook and City Stream where it is labeled Walloomsac Brook on maps but is locally known as "The Roaring Branch".  The river then flows west toward Bennington and passes the downtown area to the north.  For many years this section was intermittent due to the water having been diverted to power mills in town (ca. 1810).  This divergence gave the name Walloomsac to a portion of the river flowing through town on the present course of South Stream.  The combined Walloomsac / South Stream joins the Roaring Branch northwest of town.  From here the river flows westward as the Walloomsac River and joins the Hoosic River below Hoosick Falls, New York.

Hoosic River
The Hoosic River, also known as the Hoosac, the Hoosick (primarily in New York) and the Hoosuck (mostly archaic), is a 76.3-mile-long (122.8 km) tributary of the Hudson River in the northeastern United States. The different spellings are the result of varying transliterations of the river's original Algonquian name. It can be translated either as "the beyond place" (as in beyond, or east of, the Hudson) or as "the stony place" (perhaps because the river's stony bottom is usually exposed except in spring, or perhaps because local soils are so stony).
Uttara Kannada
Uttara Kannada is the fifth largest district in the Indian state of Karnataka, It is bordered by the state of Goa and Belagavi districts to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shivamogga District, and Udupi District to the south, and the Laccadive Sea to the west. Karwar is the district headquarters, and Sirsi is the major commercial center in the district.
The district's agroclimatic divisions include the coastal plain consisting of Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal taluks and Malenadu consisting of Sirsi, Siddapur, Yellapur, Haliyal, Dandeli, Joida, Mundgod taluks.

Shimoga district
Shimoga district, officially known as Shivamogga district, is a district in the Karnataka state of India. A major part of Shimoga district lies in the Malnad region or the Sahyadri. Shimoga city is its administrative centre. As of 2011 Shimoga district has a population of 17,52,753. There are seven taluks: Soraba, Sagara, Hosanagar, Shimoga, Shikaripura, Thirthahalli, and Bhadravathi. Channagiri and Honnali were part of Shimoga district until 1997 when they became part of the newly formed Davanagere district.
Pennsylvania Route 338
Pennsylvania Route 338 (PA 338) is a 13.6-mile-long (21.9 km) state highway located in Clarion County, Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 58 in Richland Township.  The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 322 (US 322) in Ashland Township.

U.S. Route 322 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 322 (US 322) is a spur of US 22, running from Cleveland, Ohio, east to Atlantic City, New Jersey. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the route runs from the Ohio state line in West Shenango Township southeast to the Commodore Barry Bridge over the Delaware River in Chester, at which point the route crosses into New Jersey, meeting the New Jersey Turnpike at exit 2.  The route passes near or through several cities, including Meadville, DuBois, State College, and Harrisburg. US 322 in Pennsylvania is named the 28th Division Highway in honor of the 28th Infantry Division.
Services Sound and Vision Corporation
The Services Sound and Vision Corporation (SSVC) was a British registered charity.

Set up in 1982 from the merger of the Services Kinema Corporation (SKC) and the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) to "entertain and inform Britain's Armed Forces around the world", its activities included the British Forces Broadcasting Service with its radio and television operations, SSVC Cinemas, the British Defence Film Library, and its live events arm, Combined Services Entertainment (a successor to ENSA).

British Forces Broadcasting Service
The British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides radio and television programmes for His Majesty's Armed Forces, and their dependents worldwide. Editorial control is independent of the Ministry of Defence and the armed forces themselves. It was established by the British War Office (now the Ministry of Defence) in 1943. In 1944, it was managed by Gale Pedrick.
WKY
WKY (930 AM) is a commercial radio station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, owned by Cumulus Media. It is the oldest radio station in Oklahoma and among the oldest in the nation. WKY airs a sports radio format, which is simulcast with its sister station WWLS-FM. The station's studios and offices are in northwest Oklahoma City.

WKY's transmitter and its single tower are located on NE 91st Street in Oklahoma City. WKY is powered at 5,000 watts by day, using a 961-foot (293m) non-directional antenna that is the tallest AM radio tower in the United States. It once broadcast at night with a 5,000-watt directional signal, using a multiple tower array. Ownership decided to switch to non-directional nighttime operation, which allows WKY to need only one antenna, but required the station to drop to 510 watts at night.

WWLS-FM
WWLS-FM (98.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to The Village, Oklahoma, and serving the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.  It is owned by Cumulus Media and airs a sports radio format, calling itself "The Sports Animal."  Local hosts are heard weekday mornings, afternoons and evenings, as well as weekends.   WWLS-FM is the flagship station for the Oklahoma City Thunder in the National Basketball Association.

The studios and offices are on NW 64th Street in Northwest Oklahoma City.  The transmitter is on the Northeast side on Ridgeway Road off NE 78th Street.

Programming on WWLS-FM is simulcast on WKY in Oklahoma City.  Many of the shows are also heard on "Sports Animal" stations in Tulsa (FM 99.9 and AM 1550), Muskogee (FM 97.1 and AM 1490), Elk City (1240 AM) and Woodward (AM 1450).
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine (DOC) is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It is taken orally.

The drug acts as a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Analogues of DOC include 2C-C, DOB, DOI, DOM, among others.

DOC was first described in the scientific literature by Ronald Coutts and Jerry Malicky in 1973. Subsequently, it was described in greater detail by Alexander Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). Recreational availability and use of DOC are rare. The drug is expected to become a controlled substance in the United States in the near future as of 2025.

2C-C
2C-C, also known as 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally.

2C-C was first described in the scientific literature by Alice Cheng and Neal Castagnoli in 1984. It was described in greater detail by Alexander Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). The drug is Schedule I of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act in the United States, signed into law as of July 2012 under the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.
Maximal torus
In the mathematical theory of compact Lie groups a special role is played by torus subgroups, in particular by the maximal torus subgroups.

A torus in a compact Lie group G is a compact, connected, abelian Lie subgroup of G (and therefore isomorphic to the standard torus Tn). A maximal torus is one which is maximal among such subgroups. That is, T is a maximal torus if for any torus T′ containing T we have T = T′. Every torus is contained in a maximal torus simply by dimensional considerations. A noncompact Lie group need not have any nontrivial tori (e.g. Rn).

The dimension of a maximal torus in G is called the rank of G. The rank is well-defined since all maximal tori turn out to be conjugate. For semisimple groups the rank is equal to the number of nodes in the associated Dynkin diagram.

Compact group
In mathematics, a compact (topological) group is a topological group whose topology realizes it as a compact topological space. Compact groups are a natural generalization of finite groups with the discrete topology and have properties that carry over in significant fashion. Compact groups have a well-understood theory, in relation to group actions and representation theory.

In the following we will assume all groups are Hausdorff spaces.
Mike Von Erich
Michael Brett Adkisson (March 2, 1964 – April 12, 1987) was an American professional wrestler under the ring name Mike Von Erich. His four brothers, David, Kerry, Kevin, and Chris, also wrestled. He was the son of longtime Texas wrestler and wrestling promoter Fritz Von Erich and a member of the Von Erich family.

Kerry Von Erich
Kerry Gene Adkisson (February 3, 1960 – February 18, 1993), better known by his ring name Kerry Von Erich, was an American professional wrestler. He was part of the Von Erich family of professional wrestlers. He is best known for his time with his father's promotion World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW), where he spent the first 11 years of his career, and his time in World Wrestling Federation (WWF), under the ring name Texas Tornado. Adkisson held forty championships in various promotions during his career. Among other accolades, he was a one-time NWA World's Heavyweight Champion, four-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion, and one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion.
Edict of Potsdam
The Edict of Potsdam (German: Edikt von Potsdam) was a proclamation issued by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, in Potsdam on 29 October 1685, as a response to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by the Edict of Fontainebleau. It encouraged Protestants to relocate to Brandenburg.

Edict of Fontainebleau
The Edict of Fontainebleau (18 October 1685, published 22 October 1685), also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, was an edict issued by King Louis XIV of France, repealing the rights freedoms afforded to the Huguenots. The Edict of Nantes (1598) had granted Huguenots (French Calvinism Protestants) the right to practice their religion without state persecution. Protestants had lost their independence in places of refuge under Cardinal Richelieu on account of their supposed insubordination, but they continued to live in comparative security and political ease prior to the edict. From the outset, religious tolerance in France had been a royal, rather than popular, policy. However, the lack of universal adherence to Roman Catholicism was incompatible with Louis XIV's vision of a perfect autocracy, and through successive efforts, the Huguenots were left disenfranchised of their religious institutions and rits.
OTR-21 Tochka
OTR-21 Tochka (Russian: оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТР) «Точка», romanized: operativno-takticheskiy raketnyy kompleks (OTR) "Tochka", lit. 'Tactical Operational Missile Complex "Point"') is a Soviet tactical ballistic missile. Its GRAU designation is 9K79. Its NATO reporting name is the SS-21 Scarab. One missile is transported per 9P129 vehicle and raised prior to launch. It uses an inertial guidance system.

The OTR-21 forward deployment to East Germany began in 1981, replacing the earlier Luna-M series of unguided artillery rockets. The system was scheduled to be decommissioned by the Russian Armed Forces in 2020 in favour of the 9K720 Iskander, but they have been observed in use against Ukrainian targets during the Russo-Ukrainian war.

9K720 Iskander
The 9K720 Iskander (Russian: «Искандер»; NATO reporting name SS-26 Stone) is a family of Russian mobile short-range ballistic missile systems. The basic M model has a range of 500 kilometres (270 nmi; 310 mi). It was intended to replace the OTR-21 Tochka in the Russian military by 2020.

The Iskander has several different conventional warheads, including a cluster munitions warhead, a fuel–air explosive enhanced-blast warhead, a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, an earth penetrator for bunker busting and an electromagnetic pulse device for anti-radar missions. The missile can also carry nuclear warheads. In September 2017, the KB Mashinostroyeniya (KBM) general designer Valery M. Kashin said that there were at least seven types of missiles (and "perhaps more") for Iskander, including one cruise missile.