hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jens Lillelund
Jens Lillelund (22 October 1904–10 July 1981) was a Danish resistance leader and fighter during World War II (1939–1945), including working with the Special Operations Executive (SOE), a secret British organization. His activities included contributing to a resistance publication, sabotage, rescuing Jews, managing logistics, and military training. He was a founder of the Holger Danske resistance organization. The size of the group fluctuated as some were killed or arrested, and the remaining resistance fighters went into hiding. It grew to have more than 300 members. He developed alliances with other Danish resistance groups and the British military which provided a means to obtain weapons and explosives.

For his service during World War II, he received the British King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom and King Christian X's commemorative medal for participation in the war 1940–45.

Holger Danske (resistance group)
Holger Danske (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhʌlˀkɐ ˈtænskə]) was a Danish resistance group during World War II. It was among the largest Danish resistance groups and consisted of around 350 volunteers towards the end of the war. The group carried out sabotage operations, including blowing up railway lines strategically important to the Germans. Among their largest sabotage actions was the blowing up of the Forum Copenhagen in 1943. Holger Danske was responsible for around 200 killings of informers who had revealed the identity and/or the whereabouts of members of the resistance. The group was named after the legendary Danish hero Holger Danske (Ogier the Dane).
Ghezo
Ghezo, also spelled Gezo, was King of Dahomey (present-day Republic of Benin) from 1818 until 1858. Ghezo replaced his brother Adandozan (who ruled from 1797 to 1818) as king through a coup with the assistance of the Brazilian slave trader Francisco Félix de Sousa. He ruled over the kingdom during a tumultuous period, punctuated by the British blockade of the ports of Dahomey in order to stop the Atlantic slave trade.

Ghezo ended Dahomey's tributary status to the Oyo Empire. Afterwards, he dealt with significant domestic dissent, as well as pressure from the British Empire, to end the slave trade. He promised to end the slave trade in 1852, but resumed slave efforts in 1857. Ghezo was assassinated in 1858, and his son Glele became the new king.

Oyo Empire
The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire in West Africa. It was located in present-day western Nigeria (including the South West zone, Benin Republic, and the western half of the North Central zone). The empire grew to become the largest Yoruba-speaking state through the organizational and administrative efforts of the Yoruba people, trade, as well as the military use of cavalry. The Oyo Empire was one of the most politically important states in Western Africa from the late-16th to the early 18th century and held sway not only over most of the other kingdoms in Yorubaland, but also over nearby African states, notably the Fon Kingdom of Dahomey in the modern Republic of Benin on its west.
Peter Smith (bishop)
Peter David Gregory Smith (21 October 1943 – 6 March 2020) was an English prelate of the Catholic Church, having served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Southwark. He had previously served as the Bishop of East Anglia (1995–2001), Metropolitan Archbishop of Cardiff (2001–2010) and Metropolitan Archbishop of Southwark (2010–2019).

Archdiocese of Southwark
The Archdiocese of Southwark (Latin: Archidioecesis Southvarcensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in England. It is led by the Archbishop of Southwark. The archdiocese is part of the Metropolitan Province of Southwark, which covers the South of England. The Southwark archdiocese also makes up part of the Catholic Association Pilgrimage.

Its cathedral church is St George's Cathedral, Southwark.
Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)
The Zimbabwean dollar (sign: Z$; code: ZWL), also known as the Zimdollar or Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) dollar, was the currency of Zimbabwe from February 2019 to April 2024. It was the only legally permitted currency for trade in Zimbabwe from June 2019 to March 2020, after which foreign currencies were legalised again.

Due to the sharp depreciation of the Zimdollar, beginning almost immediately after its introduction, where possible, most transactions were being done in hard currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, despite their illegality until March 2020. On 5 April 2024, it was announced that the Zimdollar would be replaced by the new Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG), a gold-backed currency, starting on 8 April. On 31 August 2024, the Zimbabwean dollar (ZWL) was officially retired.

Zimbabwean bond notes
Zimbabwean bond notes were a form of banknote in circulation in Zimbabwe. Released by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, the notes were stated to not be a currency in itself but rather legal tender near money pegged equally against the U.S. dollar. In 2014, prior to the release of bond notes, a series of bond coins entered circulation.
Ash, Surrey
Ash is a village and civil parish in the far west of the borough of Guildford, Surrey. Ash is on the eastern side of the River Blackwater, with a station on the Reading-Guildford-Gatwick line, and direct roads to Aldershot, Farnham and Guildford. The 2011 census counted the residents of the main ward of Ash, which excludes Ash Vale, as 6,120. Ash has a small museum in the local cemetery chapel, a large secondary school and a library.

Normandy, Surrey
Normandy is a village and civil parish of 16.37 square kilometres (4,050 acres) in the borough of Guildford in Surrey, England. Almost surrounded by its hill ranges, Normandy is in the plain west of Guildford, straddles the A323 'Aldershot Road' and is north of the narrowest part the North Downs known as the Hog's Back which carries a dual carriageway. The parish in 2011 had a population of 2,981 living in 1,310 households, has woods, a public common and four government-operated commons to the north that are an SSSI heath.  Normandy has been home to a number of notable residents, including William Cobbett.
Leslie Osborne
Leslie Marie Osborne (born May 27, 1983) is a retired American soccer defensive midfielder who last played for the Chicago Red Stars in the NWSL in 2013. She is a former member of the United States women's national soccer team and previously played for FC Gold Pride and the Boston Breakers in the WPS.  She announced her retirement as a player in March 2014. In 2023, Leslie co-founded Bay FC alongside fellow former USWNT and professional club players Brandi Chastain, Danielle Slaton, and Aly Wagner

Women's Professional Soccer
Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) was the top-level professional women's soccer league in the United States. It began play on March 29, 2009. The league was composed of seven teams for its first two seasons and fielded six teams for the 2011 season, with continued plans for future expansion. The WPS was the highest level in the United States soccer pyramid for the women's game.

On January 30, 2012, the league announced suspension of the 2012 season, citing several internal organization struggles as the primary cause. Some of these issues included an ongoing legal battle with magicJack owner Dan Borislow and the lack of resources invested into the league. On May 18, 2012, WPS announced the league folded and would not return in 2013. After the WPS folded, the National Women's Soccer League formed in 2013 and took WPS's place as the top professional women's soccer league in the United States.
Surrey Stars
The Surrey Stars were an English women's Twenty20 cricket team based in South London that competed in the English women's Twenty20 competition, the Women's Cricket Super League. The Stars played their home matches at The Oval and Woodbridge Road, Guildford. They were captained by Nat Sciver and coached by Richard Bedbrook, working with Surrey's Director of Women's Cricket Ebony Rainford-Brent. The Stars won the 2018 Women's Cricket Super League, beating Loughborough Lightning in the final at the County Cricket Ground, Hove. In 2020, following reforms to the structure of women's domestic cricket, some elements of the Surrey Stars were retained for a new team, the South East Stars.

2018 Women's Cricket Super League
The 2018 Women's Cricket Super League, or 2018 Kia Super League for sponsorship reasons, was the third season of the Women's Cricket Super League (WCSL), the semi-professional women's cricket competition in England and Wales. The competition, run by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), consisted of six franchise teams playing in a Twenty20 format. Western Storm were the defending champions.

Surrey Stars won the competition, defeating Loughborough Lightning by 66 runs in the final. Smriti Mandhana, an Indian player for Western Storm, was named player of the tournament, after she finished as the tournament's top run-scorer.
Brown v. Mississippi
Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278 (1936), was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that a defendant's involuntary confession that is extracted by the use of force on the part of law enforcement cannot be entered as evidence and violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Confession (law)
In the law of criminal evidence, a confession is a statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person. Some secondary authorities, such as Black's Law Dictionary, define a confession in more narrow terms, e.g. as "a statement admitting or acknowledging all facts necessary for conviction of a crime", which would be distinct from a mere admission of certain facts that, if true, would still not, by themselves, satisfy all the elements of the offense. The equivalent in civil cases is a statement against interest.
Onfim
Onfim (Russian: Онфим; Old Novgorodian: Онѳимє, romanized: Onthime; fl. c. 1220–60) was a boy who lived in the Russian city of Novgorod in the 13th century, sometime around 1220 or 1260. He left his notes and homework exercises scratched in soft birch bark, which was preserved in the clay soil of Novgorod.

Onfim, who was most likely six or seven at the time, wrote in the East Slavic Novgorod dialect. Besides letters and syllables, he drew "battle scenes and drawings of himself and his teacher."

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Guns of the Magnificent Seven
Guns of the Magnificent Seven is a 1969 American Western film styled in the genre of a Zapata Western, and the second sequel to the 1960 film The Magnificent Seven, itself based on Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai (1954). The film was directed by Paul Wendkos and produced by Vincent M. Fennelly. It stars George Kennedy as Chris Adams, the character Yul Brynner portrayed in the first two films.

The additions to the cast to make up the "new" seven are Monte Markham, Bernie Casey, James Whitmore, Reni Santoni, Joe Don Baker and Scott Thomas. Each have their quirks and baggage. They band together to help free a Mexican revolutionary (Fernando Rey) and help fight the oppression of sadistic Federale Colonel Diego played by Michael Ansara. Elmer Bernstein once again provides the music.

Federales
Federales is a slang term in English and Spanish languages referring to security forces, particularly those of the federal government of Mexico. The term gained widespread usage by English speakers due to being popularized by films as The Wild Bunch, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, Guns of the Magnificent Seven, Blue Streak, the television drama series Breaking Bad and its spinoff prequel Better Call Saul, as well as the song "Pancho and Lefty" by Townes Van Zandt. The term is a cognate and counterpart to the slang "Feds" in the United States.
171st Air Refueling Wing
The 171st Air Refueling Wing is a unit of the Pennsylvania Air National Guard, located at Pittsburgh International Airport in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.

Pennsylvania Air National Guard
The Pennsylvania Air National Guard (PA ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Pennsylvania Army National Guard an element of the Pennsylvania National Guard of the larger United States National Guard Bureau.

As commonwealth militia units, the units in the Pennsylvania Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Pennsylvania through the office of the Pennsylvania Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Pennsylvania Air National Guard is headquartered at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, and its commander is Brigadier General Michael J. Regan Jr.
Dongguan Hanji
The Dongguan Hanji (Chinese: 東觀漢記) is a Chinese text that is a history of the Eastern Han dynasty. It was compiled in several stages by different people throughout the Eastern Han period. It was considered the standard history of the Eastern Han until the Tang dynasty when it replaced by the Book of the Later Han.

Book of the Later Han
The Book of the Later Han, also known as the History of the Later Han and by its Chinese name Hou Hanshu (Chinese: 後漢書), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Later or Eastern Han. The book was compiled by Fan Ye and others in the 5th century during the Liu Song dynasty, using a number of earlier histories and documents as sources.
Chan people
The Chan were an ancient Maya people in the Yucatan peninsula, originating from the Putun (or Chontal Maya) and the ancestors of the Itza. It is thought that in approximately 320 CE a group of Putun from the Tabasco region migrated into Petén, Guatemala.  Later, led by Holón Chan, they migrated to the north, adopting the name Chan, arriving in the eastern part of the Yucatan, where they founded the city of Sian Ka'an Bakhalal around 435 CE.

After staying there more than 60 years, they decided to continue north, founding Chichen Itzá in 555 CE where they adopted the name Itza. Due to political and economic pressures they later abandoned the city and were displaced to the east. They founded other towns such as Izamal, T'Hó (now Mérida), and Chakán Putum, where they stayed until 928 CE.

Itza people
The Itza are a Maya ethnic group. They are descendants of the Chanes from the Chontal region of Tabasco. They migrated to Bacalar and northern Yucatán during the 10th century, later arriving to Champotón and finally in the 15th century settling around Lake Petén Itzá where they remained independent until 1697. During the Spanish colonial era and later by the Guatemalan government, the Itza were victims of repressive policies that accelerated the extinction of the Itza culture and language, leading to the loss of much of their ethnic identity.

They are one of the smallest Maya groups and have the lowest population; the few Itza descendants are settled in the town of San José, north of Lake Petén Itzá in the department of Petén, Guatemala, and are considered highly acculturated to mestizo society, with only 36 elderly people remaining as native speakers of the language.
Hannah Morris
Hannah Morris is an American anthropologist, known for her contribution to the Rising Star Expedition as one of the six women Underground Astronauts. She is currently a Ph.D. student in the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia, studying
"the implications of human actions on vegetative ecosystems".

Rising Star Cave
The Rising Star cave system (also known as Westminster or Empire cave) is located in the
Malmani dolomites, in Bloubank River valley, about 800 meters (0.50 miles; 2,600 feet) southwest of Swartkrans, part of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site in South Africa. Recreational caving has occurred there since the 1960s. In 2015, fossils found there two years prior were determined to be a previously unknown extinct species of hominin named Homo naledi.
Ban'ei
Ban'ei kyōsō (ばんえい競走; lit. "pull race") is a form of Japanese horse racing in which draft horses pull heavy sleds up sand ramps, urged-on by jockeys balancing on the sleds. The horses used in the races are often either purebred or crosses of Percheron, Breton, and Belgian breeds.

As the popularity of the races has waned in recent years, regular ban'ei races are only held at the Obihiro, Hokkaido racecourse.

However, betting ticket sales on the Internet have been strong recently, and their popularity is recovering. In 2021, 15 years after it was held in Obihiro alone, gambling ticket sales quadrupled from 2007 sales.

Obihiro
Obihiro (帯広市, Obihiro-shi) is a city  located in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan.  As of 31 December 2025, the city had an estimated population of 159,294 in 90105 households, and a population density of 257 people per km2. The total area of the city is 619.34 km2 (239.13 sq mi). The next most populous municipality in Tokachi is the adjacent town of Otofuke, with less than a third of Obihiro's population.  In 2008, Obihiro was designated a "model environmental city" in Japan.
Capricorn plate
The Capricorn plate is a proposed minor tectonic plate lying beneath the Indian Ocean basin in the Southern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere.

The original theory of plate tectonics, as accepted by the scientific community in the 1960s, assumed fully rigid plates and relatively narrow, distinct plate boundaries. However, research in the late 20th and early 21st centuries suggests that certain plate junctions are diffuse across several dozen or even hundreds of kilometres.

The Capricorn plate is a relatively rigid piece of oceanic crust along the far western edge of the former Indo-Australian plate. The Capricorn plate was once joined with the Indian plate and the Australian plate to form the Indo-Australian plate, but recent studies suggest that the Capricorn plate began separating from the Indian and Australian plates between 18 million years ago and 8 million years ago along a wide, diffuse boundary.

Indo-Australian plate
The Indo-Australian plate is or was a major tectonic plate. It is in the process of separation into two or three plates, and may be currently separated into more than one plate. It contains the continent of Australia, its surrounding ocean and extends north-west to include the Indian subcontinent and the adjacent waters.
Pseudo-functor
In mathematics, a pseudofunctor F is a mapping from a category to the category Cat of (small) categories that is just like a functor except that  and  do not hold as exact equalities but only up to coherent isomorphisms.

A typical example is an assignment to each pullback , which is a contravariant
pseudofunctor since, for example for a quasi-coherent sheaf , we only have:

Since Cat is a 2-category, more generally, one can also consider a pseudofunctor between 2-categories, where coherent isomorphisms are given as invertible 2-morphisms.

The Grothendieck construction associates to a contravariant pseudofunctor a fibered category, and conversely, each fibered category is induced by some contravariant pseudofunctor. Because of this, a contravariant pseudofunctor, which is a category-valued presheaf, is often also called a prestack (a stack minus effective descent).

2-category
In category theory in mathematics, a 2-category is a category with "morphisms between morphisms", called 2-morphisms. A basic example is the category Cat of all (small) categories, where a 2-morphism is a natural transformation between functors.

The concept of a strict 2-category was first introduced  by Charles Ehresmann in his work on enriched categories in 1965.  The more general concept of bicategory (or weak 2-category), where composition of morphisms is associative only up to a 2-isomorphism, was introduced in 1967 by Jean Bénabou.

A (2, 1)-category is a 2-category where each 2-morphism is invertible.
Rafael Spinola
Rafael Spínola (1866 – 4 October 1901 in Guatemala City) was a writer, journalist, politician and public speaker from Guatemala.  Director of the well known cultura magazine La Ilustración Guatemalteca in 1896 and 1897, was Secretary of Infrastructure in Manuel Estrada Cabrera first presidential term. He also created the "Fiestas Minervalias", which were a celebration to the studious youth and the president Estrada Cabrera rule. He was also the one that signed the treaty granting the American company "The Central American Improvement Co. Inc." to finish the Northern Railroad, which had been left unfinished after president José María Reina Barrios assassination on 8 February 1898- which would be the stepping stone for the operations of the United Fruit Company in Guatemala. He was the father of Guatemalan poetesse Magdalena Spínola (1896–1991).

Magdalena Spínola
Magdalena Spínola (1896–1991) was a Guatemalan teacher, poet and journalist. Orphaned at a young age, she found encouragement from her childhood neighbor Miguel Ángel Asturias for her literary dreams. After graduating from the country's Teacher's College, she taught school at a private academy and began to publish poems.

Though her husband was part of dictator Jorge Ubico Castañeda's cabinet, they became enemies and Efraín Aguilar Fuentes, her husband, was arrested and shot. She was briefly arrested as well and ostracized by many. She was an ardent feminist and became outspoken about political issues after the fall of Ubico's government.

She was the biographer of Gabriela Mistral and one of the first female erotic poets of Central America.
St Matthew's Chapel (Iż-Żgħir)
The Chapel of St Matthew, popularly known as San Mattew Iż-Żgħir, literally meaning Saint Matthew the smaller, is a small medieval chapel located beside a larger church with the same name in an area known as il-Maqluba in Qrendi, Malta. The use of the word the smaller is used that one would not confuse it with the larger St Matthew's church.

Maqluba (Malta)
Il-Maqluba (meaning overturned  or upside-down in Maltese) is a sinkhole with a surface area of around 4,765 square metres (51,290 sq ft) situated in the village of Qrendi in Malta. Il-Maqluba is a Special Area of Conservation – Candidate Site of International Importance and designated as a Tree Protection Area, forming part of Natura 2000 sites, a network of nature protection areas within the European Union, also earning the European Destination of Excellence title bestowed onto the locality by the European Union's Commission for Tourism.

Visitors are forbidden to venture down to the bottom-most level of the sinkhole, but can admire the sinkhole from a viewing belvedere midway into the Maqluba.