hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inner–outer directions
Inner–outer directions are labels that identify the direction of travel on opposing lanes of traffic on certain ring roads or beltways. They can be used to sign individual routes that encircle a city or metropolitan area, where east–west and north–south orientations cannot be applied uniformly. The labels are also used in select double track rail systems that form a loop, indicating the direction of travel of each line.

Variations of the labels include "inner loop" or "outer loop", "inner beltline" or "outer beltline", "inner ring" or "outer ring", "inner rail" or "outer rail", and "inner circle" or "outer circle".

In 2009, Interstate 277 in Charlotte, North Carolina, became the first non-contiguous loop route to utilize inner–outer directional signage.

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
Sisu A2045
The Sisu A2045 HMTV (High Mobility Terrain Vehicle) is a Finnish standard medium tactical truck, intended to replace older SISU A45 "Proto" light trucks in the Finnish Defence Forces. In spoken language Sisu A2045 is called the MAN-Sisu referring to the engine, axles and other elementary parts delivered by the German lorry manufacturer MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, officially MAN SE, former MAN AG. For the personal transportation on the installed seats, twelve persons can travel outside the driver's cabin. The lorry is classified by its weight as a middle off-road logistic vehicle.

The trucks are used for general logistics and conscript training, as well as for towing artillery pieces, anti-aircraft weapons and command modules.

Sisu A2045 is the successor of Sisu A-45, Sisu AH-45 and Sisu KB-45. The A2045 was introduced at the Security and Defence 2008 exhibition in Lahti, Finland.

Sisu A-45
Sisu A-45 is a light off-road lorry made by the Finnish heavy vehicle producer Suomen Autoteollisuus (SAT) in 1970–1982. The two-axle, all-wheel-drive vehicle with payload of 4 150 kg was a further development of Sisu KB-45, that was originally developed after an assignment of the Finnish Defence Forces.
Spirodecanone
Spirodecanone refers to a class of spirocyclic ketones, often studied for their potential applications in medicinal chemistry. One notable example is 1-Phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one, which has been investigated as a metabolite of neuroleptic agents like Fluspirilene. It has a molecular formula of C13H17N3O and a melting point of 188-191 °C.

Fluspirilene
Fluspirilene (Redeptin, Imap, R6218) is a diphenylbutylpiperidine typical antipsychotic drug, used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is administered intramuscularly. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1963. A 2007 systematic review investigated the efficacy of fluspirilene decanoate for people with schizophrenia:
South African heraldry
South African heraldry dates back to the 1650s, inheriting European (especially Dutch and British) heraldic traditions. Arms are borne by individuals, official bodies, local authorities, military units, and by a wide variety of organisations. South Africa has had its own heraldic authority since 1963, to provide armigers with legal protection, and to promote high standards of armorial practice.

Bureau of Heraldry
The Bureau of Heraldry is the South African heraldic authority, established in Pretoria on 1 June 1963. It is headed by a State Herald (known unofficially as the National Herald since 2004) and its functions are to register arms, badges, flags and seals (as well as names and uniforms), to keep a public register, to issue registration certificates and, since 1980, to advise the government on heraldic matters. Together with the Heraldry Council, it forms part of the National Archives and Records Service (formerly called the State Archives Service), which is currently under the authority of the Minister of Sports, Arts and Culture.
Sultanbeyli
Sultanbeyli (pronounced [sulˈtanbejli]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 29 km2, and its population is 358,201 (2022). It is located inland on the Asian side (Anadolu Yakasi)  of the city. The mayor is Ali Tombaş of the Justice and Development Party. Sultanbeyli is a landlocked district, bordered by Sancaktepe to the west, Pendik to the east and Kartal to the south-west.

Kartal
Kartal (Turkish: [ˈkaɾtaɫ]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 38 km2, and its population is 483,418 (2022). It is located on the Asian side of the city, on the coast of the Marmara Sea between Maltepe and Pendik.

Despite being far from the city centre, Kartal is heavily populated (total population nearly 500,000). The district's neighbours are Maltepe to the west, Sultanbeyli and Sancaktepe to the north and Pendik to the east. Inland from the coast, the land rises sharply up to the hills Yakacık and Aydos, the latter of which is the highest point in Istanbul.
Heggstad Church
Heggstad Church (Norwegian: Heggstad kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Inderøy Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located at Sandvollan, just south of the village of Gangstadhaugen. It is the main church for the Sandvollan parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1887 using plans drawn up by the architect Håkon Mosling. The church seats about 250 people. The church was built to replace the centuries-old Hustad Church located nearby.

Hustad Church
Hustad Church (Norwegian: Hustad kirke) is a preserved former parish church of the Church of Norway in Inderøy Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located just north of the village of Gangstadhaugen. It is the former main church for the Sandvollan parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white Romanesque, stone church was built in a long church style around the year 1150. The church seats about 150 people. In 1887, the new Heggstad Church replaced this church. At that time, this church was closed and sold to the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments (Fortidsminneforeningen) to be maintained as a museum. The church is no longer regularly used, but it is used for special occasions.
Juguang, Lienchiang
Juguang Township / Jyuguang Township, also spelled Chukuang, is a rural township of Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands) located in the Republic of China's Fuchien Province. Juguang Township includes two major islands, Dongju Island (東莒 "East Ju"; Dĕ̤ng-gṳ̄) and Xiju Island (西莒 "West Ju"; Să̤-gṳ̄), as well as some islets. The islands are also claimed by the People's Republic of China as Meihua Town located in Changle City, Fuzhou within its own Fujian Province.

Changle, Fuzhou
Changleⓘ (simplified Chinese: 长乐; traditional Chinese: 長樂; pinyin: Chánglè, Foochow Romanized: Diòng-lŏ̤h) is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, China. It occupies a land area of 648 square kilometers (250 sq mi) and a sea area of 1,327 square kilometers (512 sq mi). Changle was established in the sixth year of Emperor Wude (AD 623) during the Tang dynasty, was a capital of the succeeding Min Kingdom, and became a county-level city on February 18, 1994. The district faces the East China Sea and is connected to Mawei district by the Min River. Due to an increase in businesses, the province is now one of the richest provinces in China. The city was upgraded to a district in August 2017 by a government proposal.

Located 30 kilometers (19 mi) outside downtown Fuzhou, Changle has a total population of 680,000 and is the hometown of more than 700,000 overseas Chinese.
Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is an American privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, and a 12% ownership investment by Merrill Lynch.

Bloomberg L.P. provides financial software tools and enterprise applications such as analytics and an equity trading platform, data services, and news to financial companies and organizations through the Bloomberg Terminal (via its Bloomberg Professional Service), its core revenue-generating product. Bloomberg L.P. also includes a news agency (Bloomberg News), a global television network (Bloomberg Television), websites, radio stations (Bloomberg Radio), subscription-only newsletters, and two magazines: Bloomberg Businessweek and Bloomberg Markets.

As of 2019, the company has 176 locations and nearly 20,000 employees.

Bloomberg Television
Bloomberg Television (on-air as Bloomberg) is an American business news channel focusing on business and capital market programming, owned by diversified information and media private company Bloomberg L.P. It is distributed globally, reaching over 310 million homes worldwide. It is headquartered in New York City, with European headquarters in London and Asian headquarters in Hong Kong (Greater China and Northeast Asia) and Singapore (ASEAN Region), respectively.
The Medicine Man (Dallin)
The Medicine Man is an 1899 bronze equestrian statue by Cyrus Edwin Dallin located on Dauphin Street, west of 33rd Street, in Fairmount Park in Philadelphia. The statue portrays an indigenous American medicine man.

The Medicine Man is the second of four prominent sculptures of indigenous people on horseback known as The Epic of the Indian, which also includes A Signal of Peace (1890), Protest of the Sioux (1904), and Appeal to the Great Spirit (1908).

A Signal of Peace
A Signal of Peace is an 1890 bronze equestrian sculpture by Cyrus Edwin Dallin located in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Dallin created the work while studying in Paris and based the figure on a member of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, which he attended often. He exhibited the original plaster version of the sculpture at the Paris Salon of 1890, where it won honorable mention.

In 1893, Lambert Tree bought the bronze version of the statue at the World's Columbian Exposition for $10,000, and donated it to Lincoln Park in Chicago, where it has stood since the summer of 1894.

Despite Dallin's admiration for Indigenous people and his objection to their mistreatment by white settlers, the monument has sometimes been criticized as reinforcing stereotypes about Native Americans as "savages" and a "dying race."
Maria of Alania
Maria of Alania (Greek: Μαρία Ἀλανή; born Martha; Georgian: მართა; 1053–1118) was Byzantine empress by marriages to emperors Michael VII Doukas and Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Her status as empress was considered a significant success for a newly unified Kingdom of Georgia, which would achieve regional influence comparable to that of Byzantium only during the reign of Martha's nephew, King David IV, who refused to carry a Byzantine title. Maria was the only foreign Byzantine empress of the eleventh century.

Michael VII Doukas
Michael VII Doukas or Ducas (Greek: Μιχαήλ Δούκας, romanized: Mikhaḗl Doúkās), nicknamed Parapinakes (Greek: Παραπινάκης, romanized: Parapinákes, lit. 'minus a quarter', a reference to the devaluation of the Byzantine currency under his rule), was the senior Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078. He was known as incompetent as an emperor and reliant on court officials, especially of his finance minister Nikephoritzes, who increased taxation and luxury spending while not properly financing their army (which later mutinied). Under his reign, Bari was lost and his empire faced open revolt in the Balkans. Along with the advancing Seljuk Turks in the eastern front, Michael also had to contend with his mercenaries openly turning against the empire. Michael stepped down as emperor in 1078 and later retired to a monastery.
Baba Looey
Baba Looey is a fictional Mexican donkey that appeared in The Quick Draw McGraw Show. He is the deputy and familiar to Sheriff Quick Draw McGraw. He speaks English with a Mexican accent. He was originally voiced by Daws Butler.

Quick Draw McGraw
Quick Draw McGraw is the protagonist and title character of The Quick Draw McGraw Show. An anthropomorphic white horse wearing a red Stetson cowboy hat, a red holster belt, a light blue bandana, and occasionally spurs, he was originally voiced mainly by Daws Butler from 1959 until Butler's death in 1988. All 45 of his cartoons that originally aired between 1959 and 1961 were written by Michael Maltese, known best for his work at the Warner Bros. cartoon studio. The cartoon was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1960.
Civil Air Defense Bureau (China)
The Civil Air Defense Bureau of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission (CCAD for short) is located in Beijing City and is a subordinate bureau of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission, of Corps grade. It is in charge of executing the CMC policies regarding air civil defense, and more recently, disaster and contingency preparation in general.

National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission
The National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission is a first-level organ under the Central Military Commission, at the deputy theater grade level. Like the CMC, it is a "one institution, two names" entity, that combines both party and state functions.

It was founded on 11 January 2016, under Xi Jinping's military reforms. as the successor of the Department of Defense Mobilization of the Central Staff.
Biorthogonal system
In mathematics, a biorthogonal system is a pair of indexed families of vectors

such that

where  and  form a pair of topological vector spaces that are in duality,  is a bilinear mapping and  is the Kronecker delta.

An example is the pair of sets of respectively left and right eigenvectors of a matrix, indexed by eigenvalue, if the eigenvalues are distinct.

A biorthogonal system in which  and  is an orthonormal system.

Dual system
In mathematics, a dual system, dual pair or a duality over a field  is a triple  consisting of two vector spaces,  and , over  and a non-degenerate bilinear map .

In mathematics, duality is the study of dual systems and is important in functional analysis. Duality plays crucial roles in quantum mechanics because it has extensive applications to the theory of Hilbert spaces.
KTOK
KTOK (1000 AM) is a commercial radio station in Oklahoma City and airs a news/talk format. It is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., with the license held by iHM Licenses, LLC.  KTOK and its sister stations, KGHM, KJYO, KOKQ, KTST and KXXY-FM, have offices and studios at 6525 North Meridian Avenue on the Northwest side of Oklahoma City.

KTOK's power is 5,800 watts.  It uses a directional antenna with a three to five-tower array. Because AM 1000 is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WMVP in Chicago, KNWN in Seattle and XEOY in Mexico City, KTOK's nighttime signal must protect those stations. The transmitter is in Moore, Oklahoma, off NE 25th Street. KTOK programming is also heard on co-owned 96.1 KXXY's HD2 subchannel and on the iHeartRadio app.

KTST
KTST (101.9 FM, "101.9 The Twister") is a country music station serving the Oklahoma City area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. Its transmitter is located in Northeast Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the studios and offices were located in the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side, in early 2022 iHeartMedia Oklahoma City moved KTST-FM along with sister stations KGHM, KTOK, KJYO, KXXY-FM, KREF-FM, to new state of the art studios located at 6525 N Meridian Ave further up the road on the Northwest side just a few miles west from their former studio home in the 50 Penn Place building.
Central Expressway, Singapore
The Central Expressway (CTE) in Singapore is the major highway connecting the city centre of Singapore with the northern residential parts of the island, including Toa Payoh, Bishan and Ang Mo Kio and further onwards to the Seletar Expressway and the Tampines Expressway.

As of 29 December 2013, SLE and CTE are one of the two pairs of expressways in Singapore which are linked together, the other being the KPE and MCE.

Tampines Expressway
The Tampines Expressway (TPE) is a highway in the north-eastern fringe of Singapore, joining the Pan Island Expressway (PIE) near Singapore Changi Airport in the east with the Central Expressway (CTE) and Seletar Expressway (SLE) in the north of the island.
Gjergj Thopia
Gjergj Thopia (Albanian: Gjergj Topia; c. 1370 – October 1392), also known as Gjergj II, Giorgio, Georg, Georgii or George was an Albanian Prince and member of the Thopia family. He was the Prince of Albania and the Lord of Durrës from 1388 to 1392. His reign was marked by efforts to maintain control of his territories amidst increasing Ottoman pressure and internal rivalries with other Albanian noble families. Gjergj allied with Venice to protect Durrës but ultimately relinquished the city to Venetian rule due to declining health and political instability. Gjergj's death in 1392 marked the end of his lineage, with his holdings passing to his sister, Helena Thopia, and his legacy shaped by his alliances and resistance to Ottoman encroachment.

Principality of Albania (medieval)
The Principality of Albania (Albanian: Principata e Arbërisë) was an Albanian principality ruled by the Albanian dynasty of Thopia. The first notable ruler was Tanusio Thopia, who became Count of Mat in 1328. The principality would reach its zenith during the rule of Karl Thopia, who emerged in 1359 after the Battle of Achelous, conquering the cities of Durrës and Krujë and consolidating his rule of central Albania between the rivers of Mat and Shkumbin. The principality would last up until 1415, when it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
Type 96 light machine gun
The Type 96 light machine gun (九六式軽機関銃, Kyūroku-shiki Kei-kikanjū) was a light machine gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the interwar period and in World War II. It was first introduced in 1936, and fires the 6.5×50mm Arisaka from 30-round top-mounted magazines. A combination of unimpressive ballistic performance and a lack of reliability caused the Imperial Japanese Army to try to replace the Type 96 with the Type 99 light machine gun, though both saw major usage until the end of the war.

Type 99 light machine gun
The Type 99 light machine gun (九九式軽機関銃, Kyūkyū-shiki Kei-kikanjū) is a light machine gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. It was similar in design to the earlier Type 96 light machine gun, but designed to fire the new and more powerful 7.7×58mm Arisaka cartridge, which improved energy by over 50%. Other improvements included the omission of the oiling mechanism which resulted in a better all-round weapon. The Type 99 never fully replaced the previous models of Japanese light machine guns, and served alongside the Type 11 and Type 96 until 1945.
Masayuki Onodera
Masayuki Onodera (小野寺 雅之, Onodera Masayuki; born 16 September 1998) is a Japanese badminton player who specializes in men's doubles. He is affiliated with the BIPROGY team. His junior career was highlighted by three mixed team bronze medals: one at the 2016 World Junior Championships and two at the Asian Junior Championships in 2015 and 2016. With partner Hiroki Okamura, he achieved a career-high world ranking of No. 33. Their best BWF World Tour result was a runner-up finish at the 2019 Canada Open Super 100. Onodera has won two international titles on the BWF International Challenge/Series circuit: the 2018 Sydney International with Okamura and the 2023 Malaysia International with Takuto Inoue.

Takuto Inoue
Takuto Inoue (井上 拓斗, Inoue Takuto; born 26 February 1995) is a Japanese former badminton player from the BIPROGY (formerly Unisys). Primarily competing in men's doubles with Yuki Kaneko, Inoue reached a career-high ranking of world No. 7 on 12 July 2018. Together, they won a BWF Grand Prix Gold title at the 2017 U.S. Open and a BWF World Tour Super 300 title at the 2018 German Open. They also became the first Japanese men's doubles pair since 1982 to reach the final of their home tournament, the 2017 Japan Open Super Series, and were runners-up at the 2018 Indonesia Open Super 1000. In team competitions, Inoue earned silver medals at the 2018 Thomas Cup and the 2019 Asia Mixed Team Championships, and a bronze medal at the 2018 Asian Games men's team event.
Rutoceratidae
Rutoceratidae is a family of prototypical nautilids, derived probably from either Brevicoceratidae or Acleistoceratidae of the order Oncocerida early in the Devonian.  Rutoceratidae comprise a family within the oncocerid superfamily Tainocerataceae They are generally characterized by cyrtoconic and gyroconic shells, commonly with spines, nodes, or frills, although some included genera are almost orthoconic, and a commonly empty, tubular ventral siphuncle.

The Rutocertids lived during the Devonian and Mississippian (early Carboniferous) and are the ancestral stock of Nautilida.  
Within the superfamily Taintocerataceae, rutoceratids gave rise to the exclusively Devonian family Tetragonoceratidae and near the start of the Mississippian to the family Koninckioceratidae which lasted into the Permian and to Tainoceratidae which lasted through most of the Triassic.

Nautilida
The Nautilida constitute a large and diverse order of generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods that began in the mid Paleozoic and continues to the present with a single family, the Nautilidae which includes two genera, Nautilus and Allonautilus, with six species.  All told, between 22 and 34 families and 165 to 184 genera have been recognised, making this the largest order of the subclass Nautiloidea.
Goal-oriented Requirements Language
Goal-oriented Requirements Language (GRL), an i*-based modeling language used in systems development, is designed to support goal-oriented modeling and reasoning about requirements especially the non-functional requirements

I*
i* (pronounced "i star") or i* framework is a modeling language suitable for an early phase of system modeling in order to understand the problem domain. i* modeling language allows to model both as-is and to-be situations. The name i* refers to the notion of distributed intentionality which underlines the framework. It is an approach originally developed for modelling and reasoning about organizational environments and their information systems composed of heterogeneous actors with different, often competing, goals that depend on each other to undertake their tasks and achieve these goals. It covers both actor-oriented and goal modeling. i* models answer the question WHO and WHY, not what.

In contrast, the UML use case approach covers only functional goals, with actors directly involved in operations (typically with software). The KAOS approach covers goals of all types but is less concerned with the intentionality of actors.