hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nile tilapia
The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a species of tilapia, a cichlid occurring naturally in parts of Africa (such as its namesake Nile River) and the Levant, though numerous introduced populations exist outside its natural range. This current wide range is caused by its high commercial value as a food fish, where it is marketed as mango fish (not to be confused with the mango tilapia, or Sarotherodon galilaeus), nilotica, or boulti, along with many other names, both local and foreign. Due to its value, the Nile tilapia is widely aquacultured across the world due to its hardiness and a mode of reproduction conducive to mass rearing, namely mouthbrooding, and various attempts have been made to increase production yields, including hybridization with other tilapias.

Hybrid tilapia
Hybrid tilapias are crosses between different species of Oreochromis tilapias developed for aquaculture, either through natural hybridization, or more often artificially, in an effort to improve yields through improving various qualities of the fish, such as growth and hardiness. Hybrids are often divided into two varieties: gray tilapia and red tilapia, which are assigned variable binomial names based on the author, though the red hybrid is more often distinguished due to its distinct coloration.

Tilapia is an extremely important aquacultured resource; in 2022, worldwide production of tilapia (reported as Oreochromis niloticus) reached five million t (4,900,000 long tons; 5,500,000 short tons) produced from aquaculture and three hundred thousand t (300,000 long tons; 330,000 short tons) captured, ranking 5th among all aquacultured species produced behind whiteleg shrimp, cupped oysters, grass carp, and silver carp.
Abu Dhabi Media Network
Abu Dhabi Media Network (ADMN; Arabic: شبكة أبو ظبي للإعلام, romanized: Shabakah Abū Ẓaby lil-Iʻlām) is the official media organization of the Government of Abu Dhabi. The organization was established in 1999.

The company manages over 20 brands in two categories. ADM brands include Abu Dhabi TV, Al Emarat TV, Abu Dhabi Sports Channel, Radio 1, Radio 2, National Geographic Abu Dhabi, Yas TV, The Holy Quran Radio, Emarat FM, Abu Dhabi Radio AM And FM, Star FM, Abu Dhabi Classic FM, and Kadak FM. It also includes Al-Ittihad, Zahrat Al Khaleej, Majid TV, and National Geographic Al Arabiya across the publishing platform. ADM operates websites as well as applications for Zahrat Al Khaleej, Majid, Zayed Digital TV, and Mohtawa.

Abu Dhabi Sports
Abu Dhabi Sports or AD Sports (Arabic: أبوظبي الرياضيّة) is an Arabic television channel. It broadcasts from Abu Dhabi, capital of the United Arab Emirates and is owned by Abu Dhabi Media. Abu Dhabi Sports Channel is an UAE Arab satellite channel broadcast from Abu Dhabi that also livestreams in the United States and Canada.
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council
The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (Thai: สำนักงานสภาพัฒนาการเศรษฐกิจและสังคมแห่งชาติ), also known as NESDC (Thai: สภาพัฒน์), is a national economic planning agency of Thailand. It is a government department reporting directly to the Office of the Prime Minister. The NESDC maintains four regional offices in Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Songkhla, and Nonthaburi.: 20  Sanit Aksornkoae, Chairman of the NESDC, stated that in 2018 the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) underwent a major revamp, including being officially renamed the NESDC. Its FY2019 budget is 609.7 million baht.

Office of the Prime Minister (Thailand)
The Office of the Prime Minister (Abrv: OPM; Thai: สำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี, RTGS: Samnak Nayok Ratthamontri) is the central executive agency in the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand. It is classified as a cabinet department and is led by a permanent secretary. Its main responsibility is to assist the Prime Minister of Thailand in the role of head of government and chair of the Cabinet of Thailand.
Masakre
Aristóteles Radamés Coccó Flores (May 13, 1954 – April 12, 2012) was a Mexican professional wrestler, or luchador, best known for working under the ring name Masakre (Spanish for Massacre) in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). As Masakre he was a member of the wrestling group Los Infernales along with MS-1 and El Satánico and a founding member of the group Los Intocables along with Pierroth, Jr. and Jaque Mate. By the mid-1990s Coccó began working for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) where he used a variety of more comical ring personas such as Drakula, Yeti and Coco Rosa

Jaque Mate (wrestler)
Jaime Álvarez Mendoza (born September 29, 1948) is a Mexican professional wrestler, or luchador, who is best known for working under the ring name Jaque Mate (Spanish for "Checkmate") in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). Àlvarez worked under the ring name El Enfermero, Jr. (the Nurse, Junior) for 13 years and has also worked as Skorvikan. As Jaque Mate, Álvarez is most known for being a founding member of the wrestling trio Los Intocables (the untouchables) along with Pierroth, Jr. and Masakre. Los Intocables held the CMLL World Trios Championship once, winning the title from and losing the title to Los Infernales (MS-1, El Satánico and Pirata Morgan. He also held the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship for almost 20 months from March 25, 1993, until December 4, 1994. Álvarez wrestling style as Jaque Mate earned him the nickname El Hombre de la jugada mortal (Spanish for "The man with the deadly move").
Eccleston, St Helens
Eccleston is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, Merseyside, England. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 10,433.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, the early history of Eccleston is marked by its status as a township, an area much larger than the modern civil parish, extending into what is now St. Helens. Part of the township was united with Parr, Sutton and part of Windle to form the Municipal Borough of St Helens in 1868.

Eccleston is one of seven civil parishes in the Borough of St Helens and one of the largest, covering the neighbourhoods of Eccleston Park, Gillars Green, Eccleston Mere, Eccleston village and an area around the A580 East Lancashire Road.

Windle, St Helens
Windle is a suburb of St Helens, civil parish and ward of the metropolitan borough of the same name. The population of Windle was given as 10,690 at the 2011 Census. It was one of the original four townships alongside Eccleston, Parr and Sutton formed that merged to become St Helens. The name derives from Windy Hill.
John King Fairbank
John King Fairbank (May 24, 1907 – September 14, 1991) was an American historian of China and United States–China relations. He taught at Harvard University from 1936 until his retirement in 1977. He is credited with building the field of China studies in the United States after World War II with his organizational ability, his mentorship of students, support of fellow scholars, and formulation of basic concepts to be tested.

The Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard is named after him. Among his most widely read books are The United States and China, first published in 1948 and revised editions in 1958, 1979, and 1983; East Asia: The Great Tradition (1960) and East Asia The Great Transformation (1965), co-authored with Edwin O. Reischauer; and his co-edited series, The Cambridge History of China.

Edwin O. Reischauer
Edwin Oldfather Reischauer (/ˈraɪʃaʊ.ər/ RYSHE-ow-ər; October 15, 1910 – September 1, 1990) was an American diplomat, educator, and professor at Harvard University. Born in Tokyo to American educational missionaries, he became a leading scholar of the history and culture of Japan and East Asia. Together with George M. McCune, a scholar of Korea and several Korean linguists, in 1939 he developed the McCune–Reischauer romanization of the Korean language.

Reischauer became involved in helping create US policy toward East Asia during and after World War II. President John F. Kennedy appointed Reischauer as the United States Ambassador to Japan, where he served from 1961 to 1966. Reischauer founded the Japan Institute at Harvard University in 1973 and was its founding director. It was later named in honor of him.
Decision at Sundown
Decision at Sundown is a 1957 American Western film directed by Budd Boetticher and starring Randolph Scott. It is one of seven Boetticher/Scott western collaborations, including Seven Men from Now, The Tall T, Buchanan Rides Alone, Westbound, Ride Lonesome, and Comanche Station.

Boetticher said this film and Westbound were the only mediocre films he made as part of the Ranown cycle.

Comanche Station
Comanche Station is a 1960 American CinemaScope Western film directed by Budd Boetticher and starring Randolph Scott. The film was the last of Boetticher's late 1950s Ranown Cycle. It was filmed in the Eastern Sierra area of Central California near Lone Pine, California, not far from the foot of Mount Whitney. The towering granitic boulders known as the Alabama Hills served as the backdrop for the film's opening and closing scenes.
Kinetic heap
A Kinetic Heap is a kinetic data structure, obtained by the kinetization of a heap. It is designed to store elements (keys associated with priorities) where the priority is changing as a continuous function of time. As a type of kinetic priority queue, it maintains the maximum priority element stored in it. 
The kinetic heap data structure works by storing the elements as a tree that satisfies the following heap property –  if B is a child node of A, then the priority of the element in A must be higher than the priority of the element in B. This heap property is enforced using certificates along every edge so, like other kinetic data structures, a kinetic heap also contains a priority queue (the event queue) to maintain certificate failure times.

Kinetic data structure
A kinetic data structure is a data structure used to track an attribute of a geometric system that is moving continuously.
For example, a kinetic convex hull data structure maintains the convex hull of a group of  moving points. The development of kinetic data structures was motivated by computational geometry problems involving physical objects in continuous motion, such as collision or visibility detection in robotics, animation or computer graphics.
Explorer 28
Explorer 28, also called IMP-C, IMP-3 and Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-3,  was a NASA satellite launched on 29 May 1965 to study space physics, and was the third spacecraft launched in the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform program. It was powered by chemical batteries and solar panels. There were 7 experiments on board, all devoted to particle studies. Performance was normal until late April 1967, when intermittent problems began. It stayed in contact until 12 May 1967, when contact was lost. The orbit decayed until it re-entered the atmosphere on 4 July 1968. The spacecraft design was similar to its predecessors Explorer 18 (IMP-A), launched in November 1963, and Explorer 21 (IMP-B), launched in October 1964, though this satellite was a few kilograms lighter. The successor Explorer 33 (IMP-D) began the use of a new design.

Explorer 18
Explorer 18, also called IMP-A, IMP-1, Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-1 and S-74, was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program. Explorer 18 was launched on 27 November 1963 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida, with a Thor-Delta C launch vehicle. Explorer 18 was the first satellite of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP). Explorer 21 (IMP-B) launched in October 1964 and Explorer 28 (IMP-C) launched in May 1965 also used the same general spacecraft design.
Dayalbagh
Dayalbagh or Dayal Bagh means 'Garden' (bagh) of 'Merciful' (dayal), inferring "Garden of the Merciful", is a locality in metropolitan Agra in western Uttar Pradesh, India was founded by fifth revered sant satguru of the Radhasoami faith, Param Guru Sahab Ji Maharaj on Basant Panchami Day in 1915. It is the headquarters of the Dayalbagh subsect of the Radha Soami sect or Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh where the 8th revered leader lives and presides over the satsang.

Dayalbagh is also known as the "Lungs of Agra" because of its green belt and eco-friendly community. It is a self-sustained colony, where its inhabitants lead an active, disciplined and co-operative community life, conforming to the spiritual ideals of their faith. It has affiliated educational institutes such as the Dayalbagh Educational Institute affiliated to Dayalbagh University (deemed). Radhasoami Satsang Sabha is the chief working committee of Radhasoami Faith Dayalbagh.

Radha Soami Satsang Sabha
Radhasoami Satsang Sabha also written as Ra Dha Sva Aa Mi Satsang Sabha is the Chief Working Committee of Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh. Sabha was founded in 1910 and came to be registered under the Charitable Societies Registration Act (No. 21 of 1860). The teachings of Radha Soami sect are based on the spiritual teachings of Shiv Dayal Singh. The Present spiritual head of Radhasoami Mat is Prem Saran Satsangi who is also the eighth and current sant satguru of Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh and a system scientist and physicist other than declared guru as declared by November 2024 Dr. Vishal Sahni. The President in head of Radhasoami Satsang Sabha is Mr. Sood and Secretary is Mr. Premdas Satsangi
Indian cobra
The Indian cobra (Naja naja /nadʒa nadʒa/), also known commonly as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra, is a species of cobra, a venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent, and is a member of the "big four" species that are responsible for the most snakebite cases in Sri Lanka and India.

The Indian cobra is revered in Hindu mythology and culture, and is often seen with snake charmers. It is a protected species under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).

Naja
Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes commonly known as cobras (or "true cobras"). Various species occur throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several other elapid species are often called "cobras", such as the king cobra and the rinkhals, but they are not "true cobras", in that they do not belong to the genus Naja.

Until recently, the genus Naja had 20 to 22 species, but it has undergone several taxonomic revisions in recent years, so sources vary greatly. Wide support exists, though, for a 2009 revision that synonymised the genera Boulengerina and Paranaja with Naja. According to that revision, the genus Naja now includes 38 species.
Public Contract Law Journal
The Public Contract Law Journal (cited to as Pub. Cont. L.J.) is the official journal of the American Bar Association Section of Public Contract Law.  The journal is published four-times per year addressing legal issues facing the practice of public contract and procurement law at the local and federal level.

The journal is currently edited by students at The George Washington University Law School, which sprouted from an arrangement beginning in 1995 between the school and American Bar Association.  In addition, a group of editors from the American Bar Association Section of Public Contract Law reviews submissions considered for publication.

The journal is recognized in the legal academic community for its annual writing competition, attracting student notes and comments addressing public contract law topics.  The journal is considered to be one of the most prestigious journals at the George Washington University Law School.

George Washington University Law School
The George Washington University Law School (GW Law) is the law school of George Washington University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. Established in 1865, GW Law is the oldest law school in Washington, D.C.

GW Law has an alumni network that includes notable people within the fields of law and government, including the former U.S. Attorney General, the former U.S. Secretary of the Interior, foreign heads of state, judges of the International Court of Justice, ministers of foreign affairs, a Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, a Director of the CIA, members of U.S. Congress, U.S. State Governors, four Directors of the FBI, and numerous Federal judges.
Te with middle hook
Te with middle hook (Ꚋ ꚋ; italics: Ꚋ ꚋ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

Te with middle hook is used in some old orthographies of the Abkhaz and Ossetian languages, as well as Ivan Yakovlev's Chuvash orthography.

In the modern Abkhaz language, Ҭ has replaced this letter. It represents the aspirated voiceless alveolar plosive /tʰ/.

Te with descender
Te with descender (Ҭ ҭ; italics: Ҭ ҭ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter Te (Т т Т т) by the addition of a descender to the leg of the letter.

Te with descender is used only in the alphabet of the Abkhaz language, where it represents the aspirated voiceless alveolar plosive /tʰ/, like the pronunciation of ⟨t⟩ in "tick".
Rama Revealed
Rama Revealed (1993) is a science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke and Gentry Lee.  It is the last in a four-book series of Clarke's Rendezvous with Rama by these authors and reveals the mysteries behind the enigmatic Rama spacecraft.

Rendezvous with Rama
Rendezvous with Rama is a 1973 science fiction novel by British writer Arthur C. Clarke. Set in the 2130s, the story involves a 50-by-20-kilometre (31-by-12-mile) cylindrical alien starship that enters the Solar System. The story is told from the point of view of a group of human explorers who intercept the ship in an attempt to unlock its mysteries. The novel won the Hugo, Locus, and Nebula awards upon its release, and is regarded as one of the cornerstones in Clarke's bibliography. The concept was later extended with several sequels, written by Clarke and Gentry Lee.
Augustus Pugin
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (/ˈpjuːdʒɪn/ PEW-jin; 1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic with French and Swiss origins. He is principally remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style of architecture. Among his best-known work is the interior and clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, the meeting place of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Pugin designed many churches in England, and some in Ireland and Australia. He was the son of Auguste Pugin, and the father of Edward Welby Pugin, Cuthbert Welby Pugin, and Peter Paul Pugin, who continued his architectural and interior design firm as Pugin & Pugin.

Augustus Charles Pugin
Augustus Charles Pugin (born Auguste-Charles Pugin; 1762 – 19 December 1832) was a French-born British artist, architectural draughtsman and writer. He was born in Paris to a Swiss father, and Pugin himself was to spend most of his adult life in England. Pugin left France during the French Revolutionary Wars period for unclear reasons about 1798 and later entered the Royal Academy Schools in London, England to improve his skills. Shortly afterwards he obtained a position as an architectural draughtsman with the architect John Nash. After considering and abandoning a career in architecture Pugin married and settled on a career as a commercial artist working primarily for publishers of illustrated books. He was a skilful watercolourist as well as an accomplished draftsman.
European Sleep Apnea Database
The European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA) (also referred to with spelling European Sleep Apnoea Database and European Sleep Apnoea Cohort) is a collaboration between European sleep centres as part of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action B 26. The main contractor of the project is the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and the co-ordinator is Jan Hedner, MD, PhD, Professor of Sleep Medicine.

The book Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications for Adult Patient Care said ESADA was an example initiatives which afford an "excellent opportunity" for future collaborative research into genetic aspects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Both the European Respiratory Society and the European Sleep Research Society have noted the impact for research cooperative efforts of the database resource.

European Respiratory Society
The European Respiratory Society, or ERS, is a non-profit organization with offices in Lausanne, Brussels and Sheffield. It was founded in 1990 in the field of respiratory medicine. The organization was formed with the merger of the Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respoiratoriae (founded in 1966) and the European Society of Pneumology (founded 1981). The organization's membership is made up of medical professionals and scientists working in the area of respiratory medicine.

ERS founded the European Lung Foundation (ELF) in 2000. The foundation aims to bring together patients and the public with respiratory professionals to positively influence lung health.
Ruddlesden-Popper phase
Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases are a type of  perovskite structure that consists of two-dimensional perovskite-like slabs interleaved with cations. The general formula of an RP phase is An+1BnX3n+1, where A and B are cations, X is an anion (e.g., oxygen), and n is the number of octahedral layers in the perovskite-like stack. Generally, it has a phase structure that results from the intergrowth of perovskite-type and NaCl-type (i.e., rocksalt-type) structures.

These phases are named after S.N. Ruddlesden and P. Popper, who first synthesized and described a Ruddlesden-Popper structure in 1957.

Perovskite (structure)
A perovskite is a crystalline material of formula ABX3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite, this latter consisting of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. A. Perovski (1792–1856). In addition to being one of the most abundant structural families, perovskites have wide-ranging properties and applications.
Gamō Ujisato
Gamō Ujisato (蒲生 氏郷; 1556 – 17 March 1595) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku and Azuchi–Momoyama periods. 
He was heir and son of Gamō Katahide, lord of Hino Castle in Ōmi Province, and next managed Ise Province as lord of Matsusaka Castle and finally 920,000 koku in Aizu as lord of Tsurugajo Castle.

Ujisato was favoured by Oda Nobunaga and participated in almost all of his major battles, including those against the Azai and Asakura clans, the Sieges of Nagashima, the Tenshō Iga War and the Battle of Nagashino.
After Nobunaga's death, he served Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and took part in all of Hideyoshi's subsequent campaigns: Kyushu Campaign, the Siege of Odawara (1590), the pacification of Ōshū (Mutsu and Dewa Provinces) (1590).

He joined Christianity and was even baptised and given the baptismal name Leon.

He was a disciple of Sen no Rikyū and a first-class tea master, one of The Seven Disciples of Rikyū.

Aizuwakamatsu Castle
Tsuruga Castle (鶴ヶ城, Tsuru-ga-jō), also known as Aizuwakamatsu Castle (会津若松城 Aizu-Wakamatsu-jō) is a Japanese castle in northern Japan, at the center of the city of Aizuwakamatsu, in Fukushima Prefecture.
Haplogroup U
Haplogroup U is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). The clade arose from haplogroup R, likely during the early Upper Paleolithic. Its various subclades (labelled U1–U9, diverging over the course of the Upper Paleolithic) are found widely distributed across Northern and Eastern Europe, Central, Western and South Asia, as well as North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the Canary Islands.

Haplogroup R (mtDNA)
Haplogroup R is a widely distributed human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup R 
is associated with the peopling of Eurasia after about 70,000 years ago, and is distributed in modern populations throughout the world outside of sub-Saharan Africa.

Haplogroup R is a descendant of the macro-haplogroup N. Among the R clade's descendant haplogroups are B, U (and thus K), F, R0 (and thus HV, H, and V), and JT (the ancestral haplogroup of J and T).