hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dorsal lip
The dorsal lip of the blastopore is a structure that forms during early embryonic development and is important for its role in organizing the germ layers. The dorsal lip is formed during early gastrulation as folding of tissue along the involuting marginal zone of the blastocoel forms an opening known as the blastopore. It is particularly important for its role in neural induction through the default model, where signaling from the dorsal lip protects a region of the epiblast from becoming epidermis, thus allowing it to develop to its default neural tissue.

Gastrulation
Gastrulation is the stage in the early embryonic development of most animals, during which the blastula (a single-layered hollow sphere of cells), or in mammals, the blastocyst, is reorganized into a two-layered or three-layered embryo known as the gastrula. Before gastrulation, the embryo is a continuous epithelial sheet of cells; by the end of gastrulation, the embryo has begun differentiation to establish distinct cell lineages, set up the basic axes of the body (e.g. dorsal–ventral, anterior–posterior), and internalized one or more cell types, including the prospective gut.
Jerome Isaac Friedman
Jerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist. He is institute professor and professor of physics, emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor, "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.", work which showed an internal structure for protons later known to be quarks. Friedman sits on the board of sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Henry Way Kendall
Henry Way Kendall (December 9, 1926 – February 15, 1999) was an American particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 jointly with Jerome Isaac Friedman and Richard E. Taylor "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics."
Richard Benjamin Harrison
Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr. (March 4, 1941 – June 25, 2018), also known by the nicknames "The Old Man" and "The Appraiser", was an American businessman and reality television personality, best known as the co-owner of the Gold & Silver Pawn Shop, as featured on the History Channel series Pawn Stars. Harrison was the co-owner of the pawn shop with his son Rick Harrison. They opened the store together in 1989.

Rick Harrison
Richard Kevin Harrison (born March 22, 1965) is an American businessman, reality television personality, and owner of the Gold & Silver Pawn Shop which is featured on the History series Pawn Stars. Harrison and his father, Richard Benjamin Harrison, opened the shop in 1989, which they co-owned until his father's death in 2018.
Green Acres
Green Acres is an American television absurdist sitcom starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a country farm. Produced by Filmways as a sister show to Petticoat Junction, the series was first broadcast on CBS, from September 15, 1965, to April 27, 1971.

Although it received solid ratings during its six-year run, Green Acres was cancelled in 1971 as part of the "rural purge" by CBS. The sitcom has been in syndication and is available on DVD and VHS releases. A reunion movie aired in 1990.

In 1997, the two-part episode "A Star Named Arnold Is Born" was ranked No. 59 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time.

Petticoat Junction
Petticoat Junction is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 1963 to April 1970. The series takes place at the Shady Rest Hotel, which is run by Kate Bradley (played by Bea Benaderet); her three daughters Billie Jo, Bobbie Jo, and Betty Jo; and her uncle Joe Carson. The series is one of three interrelated shows about rural characters produced by Paul Henning. Petticoat Junction was created upon the success of Henning's previous rural/urban-themed sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–1971). The success of Petticoat Junction led to a spin-off, Green Acres (1965–1971). Petticoat Junction was produced by Filmways, Inc. and CBS Productions.
Baywood-Los Osos, California
Baywood-Los Osos (locally known as Los Osos-Baywood Park) is an unincorporated community in western San Luis Obispo County, California. The population was 14,351 in the 2000 census. It includes the communities of Los Osos, which is located near Morro Bay, Baywood Park, and the former community of Cuesta-by-the-Sea.

Los Osos, California
Los Osos (Spanish for "the bears") is an unincorporated town in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, Los Osos had a reported population of 14,465 in 2020. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Los Osos as a census-designated place (CDP).
Hamilton E. Holmes
Hamilton E. Holmes (8 July 1941 – 26 October 1995) was an American orthopedic physician. He and Charlayne Hunter-Gault were the first two African-American students admitted to the University of Georgia. Additionally, Holmes was the first African-American student to attend the Emory University School of Medicine, where he earned his M.D. degree in 1967, later becoming a professor of orthopedics and associate dean at the school.

Charlayne Hunter-Gault
Alberta Charlayne Hunter-Gault (born February 27, 1942) is an American civil rights activist, journalist and former foreign correspondent for National Public Radio, CNN, and the Public Broadcasting Service. Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were the first African-American students to attend the University of Georgia.
TIGR
TIGR (an acronym of the place-names Trst, Istra, Gorica, and Reka), fully the Revolutionary Organization of the Julian March T.I.G.R. (Slovene: Revolucionarna organizacija Julijske krajine T.I.G.R.), was a militant anti-fascist and insurgent organization established as a response to the Fascist Italianization of the Slovene and Croat people on part of the former Austro-Hungarian territories that became part of Italy after the First World War, and were known at the time as the Julian March. It is considered one of the first anti-fascist resistance movements in Europe. It was active between 1927 and 1941.

Italianization
Italianization (Italian: italianizzazione [italjaniddzatˈtsjoːne]; Croatian: talijanizacija; French: italianisation; Spanish: italianización; Portuguese: italianização; Slovene: poitaljančevanje; German: Italianisierung; Greek: Ιταλοποίηση, romanized: Italopoíisi) is the spread of Italian culture, language and identity by way of integration or assimilation. It is also known for a process organized by the Kingdom of Italy to force cultural and ethnic assimilation of the native populations living, primarily, in the former Austro-Hungarian territories that were transferred to Italy after World War I in exchange for Italy having joined the Triple Entente in 1915; this process was mainly conducted during the period of Fascist rule between 1922 and 1943.
Darfur campaign (2023–present)
The Darfur campaign, also known as the Darfur offensive, is a theatre of operation in the war in Sudan that affects five states in Darfur: South Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, Central Darfur and West Darfur. The offensive mainly started on 15 April 2023 in West Darfur where the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) forces captured Geneina, the conflict came after several days of high tensions between the forces and the government.

The Battle of Geneina and the Battle of Nyala were the largest battles of the campaign, which all in total killed hundreds of civilians and both ended up with a RSF victory between 20 April to 2 May 2023.

Battle of Nyala
The Battle of Nyala was a battle for control of Nyala, the capital of South Darfur in Sudan, between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), and the Sudanese Armed Forces during the ongoing Darfur campaign. The first battle occurred between 15 and 20 April 2023, during which hundreds were reported dead.  A civilian-brokered ceasefire paused the fighting by April 20. Sporadic clashes broke out between May and July. In August 2023, the RSF launched an offensive on the city. The SAF launched air campaigns against the RSF in Nyala, with many civilian casualties in Taiba and El Matar. In late September, the RSF besieged the headquarters the SAF's 16th Infantry Division headquarters, capturing it on October 26.
Afro-Asians in South Asia
Afro-Asians (or African Asians) in South Asia are African communities that have been living on the Indian subcontinent for centuries and have settled in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This includes the Siddis (who have been living in India and Pakistan for over a thousand years) and Kaffirs in Sri Lanka.

Siddi
The Siddi (pronounced [sɪdːiː]), also known as the Sheedi, Sidi, or Siddhi, are an ethnic group living in Pakistan and India. They are primarily descended from the Bantu peoples of the Zanj coast in Southeast Africa, most of whom came to the Indian subcontinent through the Indian Ocean slave trade. Others arrived as merchants, sailors, indentured servants, and mercenaries.
Charity Hospital (New Orleans)
Charity Hospital was one of two teaching hospitals which were part of the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans (MCLNO), the other being University Hospital. Three weeks after the events of Hurricane Katrina, then-Governor Kathleen Blanco said that Charity Hospital would not reopen as a functioning hospital. The Louisiana State University System, which owns the building, stated that it had no plans to reopen the hospital in its original location. It chose to incorporate Charity Hospital into the city's new medical center in the lower Mid-City neighborhood. The new hospital completed in August 2015 was named University Medical Center New Orleans.

University Hospital, New Orleans
University Hospital, most recently called Interim LSU Hospital (ILH), was a teaching hospital located in New Orleans, Louisiana. It closed on August 1, 2015, when all patients were moved to University Medical Center New Orleans. University Hospital was previously known as Hôtel-Dieu.
Colt New Line
The Colt New Line was a single action pocket revolver introduced by the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in 1873.

Two years after the Colt House Revolver (1871), a year after the Colt Open Top (1872) and almost simultaneously alongside the Colt Single Action Army (1873), the Colt New Line was one of the first metallic cartridge rear-loading revolvers manufactured by Colt. It was, alongside the Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver (1871), one of the first pocket metallic cartridge revolvers made by the company.

Colt House Revolver
The Colt House Revolver (also called, in its alternate 4-round capacity model, the Cloverleaf) was one of the first metallic cartridge rear-loading revolvers to be produced by the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company, in 1871. The same year, Colt's also patented the Colt Open Top, another metallic cartridge rear-loader, but in fact the Open Top production did not start until 1872, although a pocket version of the Open Top, a completely different design, went on sales as of 1871, the Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver.

The Colt House Revolver was manufactured from 1871 to 1876 in two different models: the Colt House Model itself and the Colt Cloverleaf Model, the latter being the most produced of both. The House Model is also known among collectors as the Jim Fisk model or the Jim Fisk pistol, since it attained the infamy of being the gun used in the murder of James Fisk in January 1872.
Battle of Thannuris
The Battle of Thannuris (Tannuris) (or Battle of Mindouos) was fought between the forces of the Eastern Roman Empire under Belisarius and the Persian Sasanian Empire under Xerxes in summer 528, near Dara in northern Mesopotamia.

The attempt to build a new frontier fort at Thannuris/Mindouos by the Byzantines triggered a Sasanian military response. The Byzantines further reinforced the area, but the Sasanian force managed to defeat their superior opponent by stratagem and many Byzantines were killed or captured along with their commanders. The Sasanians demolished the partially-built fort, but their losses were high and they did not advance further.

Battle of Mindouos
The Battle of Mindouos was fought between the Persians and Byzantines just after the battle of Thannuris (528). Procopius wrongly claimed that the two battles were one. The Byzantine commander Belisarius was ordered to build a fortress at the location. When Persian forces arrived in the area, his forces were routed in a battle on a nearby hill. As Belisarius was promoted shortly afterwards, it is likely that he was not seen as being responsible himself for the defeat. It is possible but unlikely that Belisarius was not the overall commander of the Byzantine army, but a junior partner.
Duri–Tangerang railway
The Duri–Tangerang railway (Indonesian: Jalur kareta api Duri–Tangerang) is a railway connecting Tangerang to Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It was constructed during the Dutch colonial age, as a branch line from the Jakarta Kota-Anyer Kidul railway. The railway is serviced by KA Commuter Jabodetabek's Tangerang line.

Jakarta Kota–Anyer Kidul railway
The railway between Jakarta and Anyer Kidul is a railway connecting several places in the province of Banten to Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It was constructed between 1899 and 1900 in the Dutch colonial age, during which it was also known as the Banten railway (Dutch: Bantamlijn).
Governor General's Body Guard
The Governor General's Body Guard was a royal guard regiment of the Canadian Militia that formed part of the country's household troops. The Body Guard was the senior regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia and the equivalent of the British Army's Life Guards and Royal Horse Guards. In 1936 the regiment amalgamated with the Mississauga Horse to become the Governor General's Horse Guards.

Mississauga Horse
The Mississauga Horse was a cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, they were amalgamated with The Governor General's Body Guard to form The Governor General's Horse Guards.
Ferrari 360
The Ferrari 360 (Type F131) is a two-seater sports car which was manufactured by Ferrari from 1999 until 2004. It has a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout with coupé and roadster body styles. The 360 has a 3,586-cubic-centimetre (218.8 cu in) V8 engine which is mounted longitudinally. It succeeded the Ferrari F355 and was replaced by the Ferrari F430 in 2004.

Ferrari F430
The Ferrari F430 (Type F131) is a sports car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 2004 until 2009 as a successor to the Ferrari 360. The car is an update to the 360 with exterior and performance changes. It was unveiled at the 2004 Paris Motor Show.  The F430 was succeeded by the 458 which was unveiled on 28 July 2009. An estimated 16,750 F430s were produced between 2005 and 2009.
Tunku Ismail Idris
Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim (Jawi: تونكو إسماعيل ابن سلطان إبراهيم; né Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar ibni Tunku Ibrahim Ismail, born 30 June 1984), is the heir apparent to the Johor throne. He is the eldest son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar and Raja Zarith Sofiah.

Ismail is the Regent (Pemangku Sultan) and Crown Prince (Tunku Mahkota) of Johor. He became the Regent of Johor upon the accession of his father to the throne as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia on 31 January 2024. He was officially proclaimed the Regent of Johor on 28 January 2024.

Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor
Ibrahim ibni Iskandar (born Tunku Ibrahim Ismail ibni Tunku Mahmood Iskandar, 22 November 1958) is King of Malaysia and Sultan of Johor.

Ibrahim was born during the reign of his great-grandfather, Sultan Sir Ibrahim, and became heir apparent when his father, Sultan Iskandar, acceded to the throne of Johor in 1981. He was named Crown Prince of Johor on 3 July 1981. He was educated at Trinity Grammar School in Australia. In 1982, he married Raja Zarith Sofiah. They had six children, including Ismail Idris and Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah.

Ibrahim became Sultan of Johor upon his father's death in 2010. On 31 January 2024, Ibrahim was sworn in as the King of Malaysia, having been elected to a five-year term on 27 October 2023. Significant events in his reign have included his installation in July 2024.
Pomponio Nenna
Pomponio Nenna (baptized 13 June 1556 – 25 July 1608) was a Neapolitan Italian composer of the Renaissance.  He is mainly remembered for his madrigals, which were influenced by Gesualdo, and for his polychoral sacred motets, posthumously published as Sacrae Hebdomadae Responsoria in 1622.

Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa (between 8 March 1566 and 30 March 1566 – 8 September 1613) was an Italian nobleman and composer. Though both the Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, he is better known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. He is also known for killing his first wife and her aristocratic lover upon finding them in flagrante delicto.
Abd al-Samad Khan
Abd al-Samad Khan Al-Ansari or Abd-us-Samad Khan Al-Ansari (died 1737), also known simply as Abdus Samad Khan, was the Mughal subahdar of Lahore Subah from 1713 to 1726, and of Multan Subah from 1726 until his death in 1737. He was succeeded by his son Zakariya Khan Bahadur in the both provinces.

Zakariya Khan Bahadur
Zakariya Khan (died 1 July 1745), alternatively spelt as Zakaria Khan, was the Mughal subahdar of the Lahore and Multan subahs from 1726 till his death in 1745, succeeding his father, Abd al-Samad Khan, at the both posts. He continued and extended his father's policy of severe persecution of Sikhs, and thousands of Sikhs were killed during his period and post his death, especially during the Chhota Ghallughara.
Battle of Monocacy
The Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland in an attempt to divert Union forces from their siege of Gen. Robert E. Lee's army at Petersburg, Virginia.

The battle was the northernmost Confederate victory of the war. Afterward, the Union troops retreated to Baltimore, Maryland, and the Confederates continued toward Washington. But because the battle had delayed Early's march for a day, Union reinforcements had time to get to the Union capital before the Confederates. Early launched an attack on Washington on July 12 at the Battle of Fort Stevens, but the Confederates were unsuccessful and retreated to Virginia.

Battle of Fort Stevens
The Battle of Fort Stevens was an American Civil War battle fought July 11–12, 1864, in Washington County, D.C. in present-day Northwest Washington, D.C., during the Valley campaigns of 1864 between forces under Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early and Union Major General Alexander McDowell McCook.

Early's attack, less than 4 miles (6.4 km) from the White House, caused consternation in the U.S. government, but reinforcements under Maj. Gen. Horatio G. Wright and the strong defenses of Fort Stevens minimized the threat. Early withdrew after two days of skirmishing after attempting no serious assaults. Then U.S. President Abraham Lincoln personally observed the battle's fighting.
Yasin (name)
Yasin (Arabic: ياسين, IPA: [jæːˈsiːn]) is a surname and unisex given name of Arabic origin. The name comes from a chapter (surah) of the Quran called Ya-Sin. Variants include Yassin, Yaseni, Yassine, Yaseen, Jasin and Yacine.

People with the name include:

Yassin (name)
Yassin, an alternative of Yasin, Yassine, Yaseen, Yacine, Yesine,  Yessine and Yessin (Arabic: ياسين, romanized: Yāsīn, IPA: [jæːˈsiːn]), is a unisex given name mostly common in the Arab world and Muslim countries, and a surname. The name comes from a chapter (surah) of the Quran called Ya-Sin.
People with this name generally originate from Turkey, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Azerbaijan, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, and Lebanon.
Active obedience of Christ
In Protestant theology, the active obedience of Jesus Christ (sometimes called his preceptive obedience) comprises the totality of his actions, which Christians believe was in perfect obedience to the law of God. Christ's active obedience (doing what God's law required) is usually distinguished from his passive obedience, namely suffering, dying, and substituting himself for sins of his people.

In Reformed theology, Christ's active obedience is generally believed to be imputed to Christians as part of their justification.

Imputed righteousness
Imputed righteousness is a concept in Christian theology proposing that the "righteousness of Christ ... is imputed to [believers]—that is, treated as if it were theirs—through faith.": 106  It is on the basis of Jesus' righteousness that God accepts humans. This acceptance is also referred to as justification.

The teaching of imputed righteousness is a signature doctrine of the Lutheran, Reformed and Anglican traditions of Christianity.
Myroslav
Myroslav (Ukrainian: Мирослав, Ukrainian: [merɔsˈɫau̯] ⓘ) is a Ukrainian masculine given name of Slavic origin, equivalent to Miroslav. It is composed of the elements myr ("peace, world") and -o- and slav ("glory, fame"), thus meaning 'person who loves peace', or 'person who achieves fame by establishing peace'.

Diminutive forms include Miro, Mirko, Myrosyk and Slavko, Slava.

Its feminine form is Myroslava (Ukrainian pronunciation: [merɔsˈɫaʋɐ]). Diminutive forms include Mira, Mirka, Myrosya and Slava.

Miroslav (given name)
Miroslav (Cyrillic script: Мирослав) is a Slavic masculine given name. It is derived from the Slavic elements mirŭ ("peace, world") and slava ("glory"), thus meaning 'one who celebrates peace, one who celebrates the world'. The feminine form of the name is Miroslava.

It is popular in many Slavic countries, such as Serbia, Croatia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The Polish form of the name is Mirosław / Mirosława.

The Ukrainian form of the name is Myroslav (Ukrainian pronunciation: [merɔsˈɫau̯]) / Myroslava (Ukrainian pronunciation: [merɔsˈɫaʋɐ]).
Iding Soemita
Iding Soemita (3 April 1908 – 18 November 2001) was an Indonesian-Surinamese politician. He was the leader of the Surinamese political party Kaum Tani Persatuan Indonesia ("United Indonesian Farmers" - KTPI), that represented the Javanese Surinamese community. He was the father of the later party chairman Willy Soemita.

Willy Soemita
William Soemita (1 March 1936 – 23 September 2022) was a Surinamese parliamentarian and minister.  He was the only Deputy Vice President of Suriname, serving from 1988 to 1990.

His father Iding Soemita was born in West Java and came as an indentured labourer to Suriname where he founded the political party Kerukunan Tulodo Pranatan Inggil (KTPI) in 1949. In August 1972, Willy succeeded his father as chairman of the Javanese Surinamese party.