hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paraskeva of the Balkans
Paraskeva of the Balkans, alternatively known as Petka, was an ascetic female saint of the 11th century. She was born in Epivates, near present-day Istanbul, and, according to legends, had visions of the Virgin Mary. After living in Chalcedon and Heraclea Pontica, she settled in a convent in the desert near the Jordan River. An angel told her to return to her homeland, and two years later she died at the age of 27. Veneration of Saint Paraskeva began to spread in the 14th century from Bulgaria into the Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. There was confusion over her identity and attributes because her Greek name Παρασκευή "Paraskeuḗ, Paraskevi" means "Friday," and translations in other languages, such as Romanian and Serbian, were "Saint Friday". Her life continues to be celebrated in many Orthodox countries, and her feast day is commemorated on October 14 in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Selimpaşa
Selimpaşa, known in Byzantine times as Epibates (sometimes as Epivates or Epibatos; Greek: Επιβάτες), is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silivri, Istanbul Province, in the European part of Turkey. Its population is 23,378 (2022). It was an independent municipality until it was merged into the municipality of Silivri in 2008.

The town is located on the northwestern coast of the Marmara Sea, 50 km (31 mi) west of Istanbul and 13 km (8.1 mi) east from Silivri on the highway D.100.

The town is the native place of the 10th-century Orthodox saint St Paraskevi and was populated mostly by Greeks until the population exchange in the 1920s. Most of these Greeks then founded the town of Neoi Epivates near Thessaloniki.

Selimpaşa today is a summer resort with long sandy beaches.
MacOS Catalina
macOS Catalina (version 10.15) is the sixteenth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Mojave and was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019 and released to the public on October 7, 2019. Catalina is the first version of macOS to support only 64-bit applications and the first to include Activation Lock. It is also the last version of macOS to have the major version number be 10.x; its successor, Big Sur, released on November 12, 2020, is version 11. In order to increase web compatibility, Safari, Chromium and Firefox have frozen the OS in the user agent running in subsequent releases of macOS at 10.15.7 Catalina.

The operating system is named after Santa Catalina Island, which is located off the coast of southern California.

macOS Catalina is the final version of macOS that supports the Unibody MacBook Pro, as its successor, macOS Big Sur, drops support for its mid-2012 and final model.

MacBook Pro
The MacBook Pro is a line of Mac laptop computers developed and manufactured by Apple. Introduced in 2006, it is the high-end sibling of the MacBook family, sitting above the ultra-portable MacBook Air and previously the low-end MacBook line. It is currently sold with 14 in (360 mm) and 16 in (410 mm) screens, all using Apple M-series chips. Before Apple silicon, the MacBook Pro used Intel chips, and was the first laptop made by Apple to do so, replacing the earlier PowerBook. It was also the first Apple laptop to carry the MacBook moniker.
Beecher Falls–East Hereford Border Crossing
The Beecher Falls–East Hereford Border Crossing connects the municipality of East Hereford, Quebec, and the village of Beecher Falls, Vermont, on the Canada–United States border. It is reached by Vermont Route 253 on the American side and by Quebec Route 253 on the Canadian side. Both the Canadian and the U.S. stations are open 24 hours a day. The Canadian station is open for commercial traffic on a limited basis. The American station facility, built in the 1930s, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

East Hereford
East Hereford is a municipality of about 260 people in southeastern Quebec, Canada, in Coaticook Regional County Municipality in the Estrie region. The Beecher Falls–East Hereford Border Crossing with the United States is located here.

East Hereford is located just north of Beecher Falls, Vermont, and on the east side of East Hereford it is bordered by New Hampshire. Halls Stream, a south-flowing tributary of the Connecticut River, forms the eastern boundary of the municipality and the Canada–United States border. Dairy farming and lumber products are the main sources of income in the area.

East Hereford includes the hamlet of Comins Mills. The nearby Mont Hereford has a developed trail network for the sport of mountain biking.
Pandesal
Pandesal, also written as pan de sal or pandisal (Spanish: pan de sal, lit. "bread of salt"), is a staple bread roll in the Philippines commonly eaten for breakfast. It is made of flour, yeast, sugar, oil, and salt.

Monay (bread)
Monay (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈmonaj] moh-NY), also known as pan de monja, is a dense bread roll from the Philippines made with all-purpose flour, milk, and salt. It has a characteristic shape, with an indentation down the middle dividing the bread into two round halves. It is a common humble fare, usually eaten for merienda with cheese or dipped in hot drinks.

It is one of the most basic bread types in the Philippines and is sometimes known as the "mother of all Filipino breads" as it can be modified to give rise to various other bread types.
Khoiniki district
Khoiniki district or Chojniki district (Belarusian: Хойніцкі раён, romanized: Chojnicki rajon; Russian: Хойникский район) is a district (raion) of Gomel region in Belarus. Its administrative center is the town of Khoiniki. As of 2024, it has a population of 18,435.

Khoiniki
Khoiniki (Belarusian: Хойнікі, romanized: Chojniki, IPA: [ˈxɔɪ̯n̪ʲikʲi]; Russian: Хойники, romanized: Khoyniki; Polish: Chojniki) is a town in Gomel Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Khoiniki District. As of 2025, it has a population of 13,001. It is located in Polesia.

In 1986, the area around Khoiniki experienced heavy radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident; however, the city itself was not significantly affected. Today, the town hosts the headquarters of Polesie State Radioecological Reserve and employs over 700 people. The reserve itself is located south of the town in a heavily contaminated area.
Upper March
The Upper March (Arabic: الثغر الأعلى, romanized: aṯ-Ṯaḡr al-Aʿlā'; Spanish Marca Superior) was an administrative and military division in northeastern al-Andalus, roughly corresponding to the Ebro valley and adjacent Mediterranean coast, from the 8th century to the early 11th century. It was established as a march "frontier province" of the Umayyad state of Córdoba facing the Christian lands of the Carolingian Empire's Spanish March, the Asturo-Leonese marches of Castile and Álava, and the nascent autonomous Pyrenean principalities. In 1018, the decline of the central Cordoban state allowed the lords of the Upper March to establish the Taifa of Zaragoza in its place.

Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi
Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi (Arabic: موسى بن موسى القسوي) also nicknamed the Great (Arabic: الكبير); died 26 September 862) was leader of the Muwallad Banu Qasi clan and ruler of a semi-autonomous principality in the upper Ebro valley in northern Iberia in the 9th century.
Springfield Central, Queensland
Springfield Central is a suburb in the City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Springfield Central had a population of 234 people. It is the designated business district of Greater Springfield.

City of Ipswich
The City of Ipswich is a local government area (LGA) located within the southwest of Greater Brisbane, which in turn, is situated within the vast South East region of the state of Queensland. Positioned between the City of Brisbane and the City of Logan to the east and the Scenic Rim Region to the south, the City of Ipswich also borders the Somerset and Lockyer Valley regions to the north and west, respectively. Ipswich is generally taken to include the urban area encompassing the historical city of Ipswich and the surrounding rural areas. By the 2021 census, the City of Ipswich, as a local government area, had a population of 229,208 people.
Michelle Cruz
Michelle Olivia Cruz (born May 14, 1992) is a Puerto Rican-American soccer defender who most recently played for Seattle Reign FC in the National Women's Soccer League. She previously played for Apollon Limassol in Cyprus.

Apollon Ladies F.C.
Apollon Ladies FC is a women's professional football team from Limassol, Cyprus, established in 2007. It is the leading club in the country, having won nine consecutive doubles. It is associated with men's side Apollon Limassol.

Apollon made headlines after beating two-times European champion Umeå IK in their second appearance in the Champions League. This is regarded as one of the biggest surprises in European women's football. Apollon reached the Round of 32, where it was knocked out by Zvezda Perm. Apollon again progressed past the qualifying stage in the 2011–12, 2012–13 and the 2013–14 season.
Vastupala
Vastupāla (died 1240 CE) was a prime minister of the Vāghelā king Vīradhavala and his successor Vīsaladeva, who ruled in what is now the Gujarat region of India, in the early 13th century. Although he served in an administrative and military capacity, he was also a patron of art, literature and public works. He, together with his brother Tejapāla, assisted in the restoration of peace in the kingdom, and served in a number of campaigns against Lāṭa, Godraha, Kutch and the Delhi Sultanate. The brothers were instrumental in the construction of the Luniga-vasahi temple on Mount Abu and the Vastupala-vihara on Girnar.

Girnar Jain temples
There is a group of temples of Jainism on Mount Girnar near Junagadh in Junagadh district, Gujarat, India. From the 14 temples that are on the hill about 3500 to 4000 steps from bhavnathi taleti and sahesavan, diksha and kevalgyan  kalyanak bhumi and nirvan kalyanak bhumi most all the temples belong to the Śvetāmbara sect, only one or two belong to the Digambara sect. The hill and some of the temples are considered sacred by both Digambara and the Śvetāmbara branches of Jainism.
Würzburg
Würzburg (German: [ˈvʏʁtsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch, historical engl. exonyme Wurtzbourg) is, after Nuremberg
the second-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main river.

Würzburg is situated approximately 110 km (68 mi) west-northwest of Nuremberg and 120 km (75 mi) east-southeast of Frankfurt am Main. The population as of 2019 is approximately 130,000 residents.

Würzburg is famous for its partly rebuilt and reconstructed old town and its Würzburger Residenz, a palace that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The regional dialect is East Franconian German.

Main (river)
The Main (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪn] ⓘ) is the longest tributary of the Rhine, one of the major European rivers. It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for 525 kilometres (326 mi) to meet the Rhine below Rüsselsheim, Hesse. The cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden are close to the confluence.

The largest cities on the Main are Frankfurt am Main, Offenbach am Main and Würzburg. It is the longest river lying entirely in Germany (if the Weser-Werra are considered separate).
Melges Performance Sailboats
Melges Performance Sailboats, is an American sailboat manufacturer founded by Harry Melges, father of former Olympic sailor Buddy Melges.

Melges Boat Works, Inc. was founded by Harry C. Melges, Sr. in 1945. The company was originally named Mel-Ban Boat Works and became Melges Boatworks in 1948. The company became a leader in scow boat design in the U.S., particularly in the Midwest. Harry, Sr. initially built boats out of wood.

The company's headquarters is in Zenda, Wisconsin. The current CEO is Harry Melges III and President is Andy Burdick.

Reichel/Pugh designed many of the Melges-produced boats, including the Melges 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 30, and 32.

Melges 20
The Melges 20, originally called the Audi Melges 20, is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Reichel/Pugh as a one-design racer and first built in 2007.

The design was accepted as a World Sailing international class in November 2012.
Ciliary body
The ciliary body is a part of the eye that includes the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens, and the ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humor. The aqueous humor is produced in the non-pigmented portion of the ciliary body. The ciliary body is part of the uvea, the layer of tissue that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the eye tissues. The ciliary body joins the ora serrata of the choroid to the root of the iris.

Ora serrata
The ora serrata is the serrated junction between the choroid and the ciliary body. This junction marks the transition from the simple, non-photosensitive area of the ciliary body to the complex, multi-layered, photosensitive region of the retina.  The pigmented layer is continuous over choroid, ciliary body and iris while the nervous layer terminates just before the ciliary body.  This point is the ora serrata. In this region the pigmented epithelium of the retina transitions into the outer pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body and the inner portion of the retina transitions into the non-pigmented  epithelium of the cilia. In animals in which the region does not have a serrated appearance, it is called the ora ciliaris retinae.
Italy–Sweden relations
Italy and Sweden have maintained bilateral relations since the 19th century. Italy has an embassy in Stockholm and Sweden has one in Rome; both countries also have several consulates.

When Italy bombed the Swedish ambulance in Abyssinia in December 1935, protests began.

Today (as of 2012) the ties can be described as strong, especially because of Italian immigrants settling in Sweden after World War II while an increasing number of Swedish charter tourists began to travel to Italy. Since the late 1940s, many Swedish soccer players have been successful in Italian club teams.
Both countries are full members of Council of Europe, NATO and European Union.

Italian Swedes
Italian Swedes (Italian: italo-svedesi; Swedish: Svenskitalienare) are Swedish-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Sweden during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Sweden.
The Lightning Seeds
The Lightning Seeds (also known as Lightning Seeds) are an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1989 by Ian Broudie (vocals, guitar, producer), formerly of the bands Big in Japan, Care, and Original Mirrors. Originally a studio-based solo project for Broudie, the Lightning Seeds expanded into a touring band following Jollification (1994). The group experienced commercial success throughout the 1990s and are well known for their single "Three Lions", a collaboration with David Baddiel and Frank Skinner which reached No. 1 in the UK in 1996 and 2018, with a re-worked version also reaching the top spot in 1998.

David Baddiel
David Lionel Baddiel FRSL (/bəˈdiːl/; born 28 May 1964) is an English comedian, presenter, screenwriter, author and singer. He became known for his early work alongside Rob Newman in The Mary Whitehouse Experience and later for his comedy partnership with Frank Skinner.

He has written the children's books The Parent Agency, The Person Controller, AniMalcolm, Birthday Boy, Head Kid, and The Taylor TurboChaser. He is also a lyricist on "Three Lions", a song that has been described as the de facto "anthem" of English football since 1996.

In 2024, he filmed his trilogy of specials "Not The" at the Royal Court Theatre for Sky Arts in February. He also launched his podcast, "A Muslim and a Jew Go There" with Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi and filmed a travelogue with Hugh Dennis, "Two Men on a Bike" released in 2025.
Pierre Bosquet
Pierre François Joseph Bosquet (8 November 1810 – 5 February 1861) was a French Army general. He served during the French conquest of Algeria and in the Crimean War of 1853-1856; returning from Crimea he was made a Marshal of France and a  Senator.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Baldy Jack Rose
Jacob Rosenzweig (September 1876 – October 4, 1947) was an American gambler and underworld figure in New York City. He was one of several star witnesses in the Becker-Rosenthal trial, among these being fellow gamblers Bridgie Webber, Harry Vallon, and Sam Schepps. Rose's testimony was the most damaging because he directly implicated Becker in arranging the murder of Herman Rosenthal. As Becker's debt collector, Rose confessed to hiring the Lenox Avenue Gang, providing the getaway car. He testified he did it all on the orders of Charles Becker.

Harry Vallon
Harry Vallon was a New York City gambler and mob informant.
He turned state's evidence and testified against the gunman in the murder of Herman Rosenthal and against Charles Becker after a promise of immunity from the district attorney. He testified as one of four mob informants, along with Bridgey Webber, Jack Rose, and Sam Schepps at the Becker-Rosenthal trial. Based upon his testimony, Charles Becker, along with the four gunmen involved in the murder, were convicted and sentenced to death. In 1936, he was threatened with rearrest in the case.
Turkmen Ground Forces
The Turkmen Ground Forces (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň gury ýer güýçleri) is the army branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan.  The ground forces include the 2nd, 3rd, 11th, and 22nd Motor Rifle Divisions as well as smaller units consisting of various types of troops.

2nd Training Motor Rifle Division "Alp Arslan"
The 2nd Training Motorized Rifle Division named after Alp Arslan is a division of the Turkmen Ground Forces. Its headquarters is at Tejen in the Ahal Region. It traces its history to the 357th Rifle Division formed in August 1941 in Sarapul in the then Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as a standard Red Army rifle division. It notably served on the front lines of the 1st Baltic Front during the Second World War. Particularly, it helped lead the 3rd Shock Army in the battle and siege of Velikiye Luki. By late October 1945, the division had been transferred to the Turkmen SSR, where it was re-designated four times as Soviet Army unit. It remained in Turkmenistan even after the events of 1991 and serves as one of four units in its armed forces.

In the summer and autumn of 1944 the 357th took part in the Riga Offensive into the Baltic states, and won the Order of Suvorov for its part in the liberation of that city.
Araul
Araul (also known as Aroul) is a town in Bilhaur tehsil in Kanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India on G.T. Road (NH 91) and situated at bank of the holy river Ganga. It is 11 km from Town Bilhaur. Araul is located 62 km distance from its District Main City Kanpur and 15 km distance from Kannauj. It is located 92 km distance from capital of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) Lucknow. Gangupur is nearest Semi Town (Village)

Gangupur
Gangupur (Gaṅgupur), also known as Gangwapur, is a village (semi town) in Bilhaur city in Kanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India on G.T. Road (NH 91), situated on the bank of the river Ganga near the Kanpur border. It is 15 km from Bilhaur and 4 km from Araul. Gangupur is around 65 km distance from its district main city of Kanpur and 11 km from Kannauj. It is located 96 km from Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh.
Jay Bybee
Jay Scott Bybee (born October 27, 1953) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a senior U.S. circuit judge of the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He has published numerous articles in law journals and has taught as a senior fellow in constitutional law at William S. Boyd School of Law. His primary research interests are in constitutional and administrative law.

While serving in the Bush administration as the assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Counsel, Bybee signed the controversial "Torture Memos" in August 2002. These authorized "enhanced interrogation techniques" were used in the systematic torture of detainees at Guantanamo Bay detention camp beginning in 2002 and at the Abu Ghraib facility following the United States' invasion of Iraq in 2003. These actions have widely been considered to be war crimes, including by other former members of the Bush administration.

Office of Legal Counsel
The Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) is an office in the United States Department of Justice that supports the attorney general in their role as legal adviser to the president and all executive branch agencies. It drafts legal opinions of the attorney general and provides its own written opinions and other advice in response to requests from the counsel to the president, the various agencies of the executive branch, and other components of the Department of Justice. The office reviews and comments on the constitutionality of pending legislation. The office reviews any executive orders and substantive proclamations for legality if the president proposes them. All proposed orders of the attorney general and regulations that require the attorney general's approval are reviewed. It also performs a variety of special assignments referred by the attorney general or the deputy attorney general.
Children of Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the Second Psychedelic Era, 1976–1995
Children of Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the Second Psychedelic Era, 1976–1996 is a box set compilation album of alternative pop music, released in 2005 by Rhino Records. The set consists of four compact discs of songs recorded between 1976 and 1996, with most of the recordings stemming from the 1980s. The title refers to the original Nuggets LP, which was first issued in 1972 and whose music influenced the bands featured on Children of Nuggets.

Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968
Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era is a compilation album of American psychedelic and garage rock singles that were released during the mid-to-late 1960s. The album was created by Lenny Kaye, and produced under the supervision of Elektra Records founder, Jac Holzman. Kaye was a writer and clerk at the Village Oldies record shop in New York and later become the lead guitarist for the Patti Smith Group.

The project was initially conceived as a series of roughly eight LP installments focusing on different US regions, but Elektra convinced Kaye that one double album would be more commercially viable. It was released on LP by Elektra in 1972 with liner notes by Kaye that contained one of the earliest known uses of the term "punk rock".

It was reissued with a new cover design by Sire Records in 1976. In the 1980s, Rhino Records issued Nuggets in a series of fifteen installments, in 1998 as a 4 CD box set, and in 2023 as a 5 LP box set.