hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hwa Chong Junior College
The Hwa Chong Junior College (Chinese: 华中初级学院; pinyin: Huázhōng Chūjí Xuéyuàn) was a junior college in Singapore offering pre-university education. The school merged with The Chinese High School on 1 January 2005 to form the integrated Hwa Chong Institution (HCI).

The Chinese High School (Singapore)
The Chinese High School (Chinese: 南洋华侨中学; pinyin: Nányáng Huáqiáo Zhōngxué) was an independent school in Singapore offering secondary education. Founded on 21 March 1919, The Chinese High School was the first high school in Southeast Asia to cater to different dialect groups among overseas Chinese in the region.

After Singapore gained independence in 1965, the school came under the purview of the Ministry of Education and was accorded the Special Assistance Plan (SAP) status in 1979. It has the unique distinction of having the Independent School status in 1988, a scheme that the ministry perceived had proven successful and was extended to other top schools in Singapore. The Chinese High School remained as one of the best performing schools in Singapore, both in academic achievements and extracurricular activities. The school merged with Hwa Chong Junior College on 1 January 2005 to form the integrated Hwa Chong Institution (HCI).
Fourth Andrew RT Davies shadow cabinet
Andrew RT Davies became the Leader of the Opposition in Wales after the 2021 Senedd election, when the Welsh Conservatives became the second largest party in the Senedd, with 16 seats.

RT Davies had previously formed three other Shadow Cabinets, the first from 2011-2016, the second from 2017 to 2018 and the third from January to March 2021.

On 3 December 2024, Davies resigned as leader of the Welsh Conservatives, and was replaced on 5 December by Darren Millar.

Third Andrew RT Davies shadow cabinet
Andrew RT Davies became the Leader of the Opposition in Wales on the 24 January 2021 after the resignation of Paul Davies as leader the following day. On 29 March 2021, Nick Ramsay left the Welsh Conservative group, meaning it was no longer the largest party not in government in the Senedd, and therefore no longer the official opposition.
Rajan case
The Rajan case refers to the death of P. Rajan, a student of the Regional Engineering College, Calicut, as a result of torture in local police custody in Kakkayam, Kerala during the nationwide Emergency in India in 1976, and the legal battle that followed, which revealed facts of the incident to the public. His remains are yet to be recovered.

Kakkayam torture camp
Kakkayam police torture camp was located in the forested areas of Kakkayam, Kozhikode, Kerala. The camp was operational during the Indian Emergency period, primarily targeting Naxals. The Rajan case happened there.
Norine Hammond
Norine K. Hammond is a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives. She has served since her appointment in December 2010 to replace the late Rich Myers. Hammond represents the 94th district, located in western Illinois, which contains all or parts of Fulton, Hancock, Henderson, McDonough, Mercer, and Warren counties.

Richard P. Myers
Richard P. "Rich" Myers (December 27, 1947 – December 1, 2010) was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, having represented the 94th district from 1995 until his death in 2010. Representative Myers was a conservative Republican, who valued the importance of fiscal responsibility.
Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway
The Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway (reporting mark DWP) is a subsidiary railroad of Canadian National Railway (CN) operating in northern Minnesota, United States.  A CN system-wide rebranding beginning in 1995 has seen the DWP logo and name largely replaced by its parent company.  The DWP line is CN's connection between International Falls and Duluth, Minnesota, where the railroad connects to a short stretch of the former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway before following the former Wisconsin Central (both now wholly owned by CN) to Chicago, Illinois.

In 1970 DW&P reported 792 million ton-miles of revenue freight and no passenger miles; at the end of that year it operated 170 miles (274 km) of road and 232 miles (373 km) of track.

Wisconsin Central Ltd.
Wisconsin Central Ltd. (reporting mark WC) is a railroad subsidiary of Canadian National. At one time, its parent Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation owned or operated railroads in the United States, Canada (Algoma Central Railway), the United Kingdom (English Welsh & Scottish), New Zealand (Tranz Rail), and Australia (Australian Transport Network).
Nagoya Airfield
Nagoya Airfield (名古屋飛行場, Nagoya Hikōjō) (IATA: NKM, ICAO: RJNA), also known as Komaki Airport or Nagoya Airport, is an airport within the local government areas of Toyoyama, Komaki, Kasugai and Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Prior to 2005 it was an international airport, but is now a domestic secondary airport serving Nagoya while the current primary civil airport for Nagoya is Chūbu Centrair International Airport in Tokoname.

It is the main operating base for FDA (Fuji Dream Airlines), the only airline that offers scheduled air service from the airfield. It is also used for general aviation and by Japan Self-Defense Forces as an airbase.

Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation is headquartered in the airport's terminal building, and its parent company Mitsubishi Heavy Industries produced the Mitsubishi Regional Jet aircraft at a factory adjacent to the airport.

Chubu Centrair International Airport
Chubu Centrair International Airport (中部国際空港, Chūbu Kokusai Kūkō) (IATA: NGO, ICAO: RJGG) is an international airport on an artificial island in Ise Bay, 35 km (22 mi) south of Nagoya in central Japan (Chūbu). The airport covers about 470 hectares (1,161 acres) of land and has one 3,500 m (11,500 ft) runway.

The name "Centrair" (セントレア, Sentorea) is an abbreviation of "Central Japan International Airport", an alternate translation used in the English name of the airport's operating company, Central Japan International Airport Co., Ltd. (中部国際空港株式会社, Chūbu Kokusai Kūkō Kabushiki-gaisha).
Baillieu Myer
Sidney Baillieu Myer AC (11 January 1926 – 22 January 2022), also known as Bails Myer, was an Australian businessman and philanthropist. A member of the Myer family retailing dynasty, he was the son of Sidney and Merlyn Myer. He joined his family's company, the Myer Emporium, in 1949 and became its chairman in 1983. He oversaw its merger with GJ Coles & Company to create Coles Myer and retired from business in 1994. In his later life, Myer was involved with philanthropic, scientific and arts organisations.

Sidney Myer
Sidney Myer (born Simcha Myer Baevski (Russian: Симха Майер Баевский, Belarusian: Сімха Маер Баеўскі); 8 February 1878 – 5 September 1934) was a Belarusian-born Australian businessman and philanthropist, best known for founding Myer, Australia's largest chain of department stores.
Florence Howe Hall
Florence Marion Howe Hall (August 25, 1845 – April 10, 1922) was an American writer, critic, and lecturer about women's suffrage in the United States. Along with her two sisters, Laura Elizabeth Richards and Maude Howe Elliott, Hall received the first Pulitzer Prize for a biography, Julia Ward Howe.

Laura E. Richards
Laura Elizabeth Howe Richards (February 27, 1850 – January 14, 1943) was an American writer. She wrote more than 90 books including biographies, poetry, and several for children. One well-known children's poem is her literary nonsense verse Eletelephony.
Professional Referee Organization
Professional Referee Organization (PRO) is the organization responsible for managing the referee and assistant referee program in professional soccer leagues in the United States and Canada, working alongside the United States Soccer Federation, Major League Soccer, the Canadian Soccer Association, the United Soccer League, the National Women's Soccer League, and the U.S. Open Cup.

The organization's targets are to increase the quality of officiating in U.S. and Canadian professional leagues, develop more professional-quality officials at a younger age, and produce officials who will represent the United States and Canada in FIFA competitions. The referees employed by PRO are represented by the PSRA.

Professional Soccer Referees Association
Professional Soccer Referees Association (PSRA) is an organization that represents the interests of professional soccer referees worldwide. The organisation exists for referees to advocate for their rights, improve working conditions, and promote professional standards within the sport.
Alexander of Pherae
Alexander (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος) was Tyrant or Despot of Pherae in Thessaly, ruling from 369 to c. 356 BC.  Following the assassination of Jason, the tyrant of Pherae and Tagus of Thessaly, in 370 BC, his brother Polyphron ruled for a year, but he was then poisoned by Alexander who assumed power himself. Alexander governed tyrannically and was constantly seeking to control Thessaly and the kingdom of Macedonia. He also engaged in piratical raids on Attica.  Alexander was murdered by Tisiphonus, Lycophron and Peitholaus, the brothers of his wife, Thebe, as it was said that she lived in fear of her husband and hated Alexander's cruel and brutal character.

Jason of Pherae
Jason of Pherae (Ancient Greek: Ἰάσων ὁ Φεραῖος) was the ruler of Thessaly during the period just before Philip II of Macedon came to power. He had succeeded Lycophron I of Pherae, possibly his father, as tyrant of Pherae and was appointed tagus, or chief magistrate, of Thessaly in the 370s BC and soon extended his control to much of the surrounding region. Controlling a highly trained mercenary force as well as the famous Thessalian cavalry, Jason briefly transformed Thessaly into a powerful Greek state and even spoke of invading the Persian Empire.
Trona Railway
The Trona Railway (reporting mark TRC) is a 30.5 mi (49.1 km) short-line railroad owned by Searles Valley Minerals. The TRC interchanges with the Lone Pine Subdivision of the Union Pacific Railroad (former Southern Pacific Transportation Company) at Searles, California.

Searles Valley Minerals
Searles Valley Minerals Inc. is a raw materials mining and production company with corporate offices in Overland Park, Kansas. It is owned by the Indian company Nirma.  It has major operations in the Searles Valley centered in Trona, California where it is the town's largest employer.  The company produces borax, boric acid, soda ash, salt cake, and salt. It also owns the Trona Railway.

The Trona facility extracts and ships 1.75 million tons of chemicals per year.
ASP.NET MVC
ASP.NET MVC is a web application framework developed by Microsoft that implements the model–view–controller (MVC) pattern. It is no longer in active development. It is open-source software, apart from the ASP.NET Web Forms component, which is proprietary.

ASP.NET Core has since been released, which unified ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a platform using only Razor pages). MVC 6 was abandoned due to Core and is not expected to be released. Core is currently planned to merge into ".NET 5".

Some well known sites that use ASP.NET MVC include Stack Overflow, Microsoft, GoDaddy and Ancestry.com.

ASP.NET Razor
Razor is an ASP.NET programming syntax used to create dynamic web pages with the C# or VB.NET programming languages. Razor was in development in June 2010 and was released for Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 in January 2011. Razor is a simple-syntax view engine and was released as part of MVC 3 and the WebMatrix tool set.

Razor became a component of AspNetWebStack and then became a part of ASP.NET Core.
Bombardment of Brussels
During the Nine Years' War, the French Royal Army carried out a bombardment of Brussels from August 13–15, 1695. Led by King Louis XIV and the Duke of Villeroi, French forces bombarded the city in an attempt to divert Grand Alliance troops from reinforcing the concurrent siege of Namur. The bombardment ultimately proved to be the most destructive event in the history of Brussels, destroying a third of the buildings in the city, including the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square).

After the bombardment, reconstruction efforts over the following years profoundly changed the appearance of the city and left numerous traces still visible today. The French attempt to divert the Grand Alliance was ultimately unsuccessful, though Louis XIV's reputation suffered for his involvement in the destruction of the city.

Siege of Namur (1695)
The 1695 siege of Namur or second siege of Namur took place during the Nine Years' War between 2 July and 4 September 1695. Its capture by the French in the 1692 siege and recapture by the Grand Alliance in 1695 are often viewed as the defining events of the war; the second siege is considered to be William III's most significant military success during the war.
Beer in Ethiopia
Beer in Ethiopia is the most popular industrial alcoholic beverage in the country with lager being the most consumed type of beer. In the rural sector, the home-brewed tella or siwa are still dominant.

Siwa (beer)
Siwa (or Suwa) (Tigrinya: ሰዋ, romanized: säwa), Amharic: ጠላ, is a beer originating from [[Eritrea and Ethiopia. Traditionally home-brewed, siwa remains locally popular during social events, after (manual) work, and as an incentive for farmers and labourers. Thousands of traditional beer houses (Enda Siwa) straddle the Tigrayan urban and rural landscapes.
Trish Sarson
Trish Sarson (born 1946) is a British/American computer scientist, consultant and information technology writer, known for developing data flow diagrams with Chris Gane in the 1970s.

Born in England, Sarson obtained her BA in Zoology and Chemistry at the Royal Holloway, University of London in the 1960s. She emigrated to the United States in 1975, where she joined Ed Yourdon's software company. In 1977 with Chris Gane she founded Improved Systems Technologies (IST), which became a relatively large and successful company. In 1977 they published their best known work Structured Systems Analysis: Tools and Techniques, in which they presented a specific type of data flow diagrams.

Christopher P. Gane
Christopher P. (Chris) Gane (September 6, 1938 – November 25, 2019) was a British/American computer scientist, consultant and information technology writer, known for developing data flow diagrams with Trish Sarson in the 1970s.
Counties 3 Gloucestershire
Counties 3 Gloucestershire (formerly Gloucester 1) is an English rugby union league which sits at the ninth level of league rugby union in England for teams based primarily in the county of Gloucestershire but also on occasion teams from Bristol. Promoted clubs move into Counties 2 Gloucestershire North or Counties 2 Gloucestershire South depending on location.  Relegated clubs drop into either Counties 4 Gloucestershire.

Counties 2 Gloucestershire
Counties 2 Gloucestershire  (or Counties 2 Tribute Gloucester for sponsorship reasons; formerly known as Gloucester Premier) is an English rugby union league which sits at the eighth level of league rugby union in England with teams largely being based in the county of Gloucestershire and Bristol. Originally a single division called Gloucestershire/Somerset, in 2000 the division split into two county leagues called Gloucester Premier and Somerset Premier.  Following the Adult Competition Review the league was renamed Counties 2 Gloucestershire and split into North and South divisions.  For season 2025-26 the divisions were consolidated once more.

The league champions are promoted to Counties 1 Western North while the runner-up play the runner-up from Somerset Premier for the third promotion place. Relegated teams drop down into Counties 3 Gloucestershire North or Counties 3 Gloucestershire South depending on location.
Scanning SQUID microscopy
In condensed matter physics, scanning SQUID microscopy is a technique where a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is used to image surface magnetic field strength with micrometre-scale resolution. A tiny SQUID is mounted onto a tip which is then rastered near the surface of the sample to be measured. As the SQUID is the most sensitive detector of magnetic fields available and can be constructed at submicrometre widths via lithography, the scanning SQUID microscope allows magnetic fields to be measured with unparalleled resolution and sensitivity. The first scanning SQUID microscope was built in 1992 by Black et al. Since then the technique has been used to confirm unconventional superconductivity in several high-temperature superconductors including YBCO and BSCCO compounds.

SQUID
A SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) is a very sensitive magnetometer used to measure extremely weak magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions.

SQUIDs are sensitive enough to measure magnetic fields as low as 5×10−18 T with a few days of averaged measurements (see orders of magnitude (magnetic field)). Their noise levels are as low as 3 fT·Hz−1⁄2. For comparison, a typical refrigerator magnet produces 10−2 T, and some processes in animals produce very small magnetic fields between 10−9 T and 10−6 T. SERF atomic magnetometers, invented in the early 2000s are potentially more sensitive and do not require cryogenic refrigeration but are orders of magnitude larger in size (~1 cm3) and must be operated in a near-zero magnetic field.
Anna Dybo
Anna Vladimirovna Dybo (Russian: Анна Владимировна Дыбо, born June 4, 1959) is a Russian linguist who specializes in the Altaic languages.

Dybo is an active defender of the existence of the Altaic language family, despite the objections of many other linguists, especially those outside Russia. She is co-author (with Sergei Starostin) of the Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages (2003), which encompasses some 3,000 Proto-Altaic stems.

Anna is the daughter of Vladimir Dybo and has three children. She was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2008.

Sergei Starostin
Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin (Russian: Серге́й Анато́льевич Ста́ростин; March 24, 1953 – September 30, 2005) was a Russian historical linguist and philologist, perhaps best known for his reconstructions of hypothetical proto-languages, including his work on the controversial Altaic theory, the formulation of the Dené–Caucasian hypothesis, and the proposal of a Borean language family of still earlier date. None of his proposed macrofamilies have seen wide-scale acceptance in the linguistic community and are mostly seen as implausible.
N2pc
N2pc refers to an ERP component linked to selective attention.  The N2pc appears over visual cortex contralateral to the location in space to which subjects are attending; if subjects pay attention to the left side of the visual field, the N2pc appears in the right hemisphere of the brain, and vice versa.  This characteristic makes it a useful tool for directly measuring the general direction of a person's attention (either left or right) with fine-grained temporal resolution.

Event-related potential
An event-related potential (ERP) is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. More formally, it is any stereotyped electrophysiological response to a stimulus. The study of the brain in this way provides a noninvasive means of evaluating brain functioning.

ERPs are measured by means of electroencephalography (EEG). The magnetoencephalography (MEG) equivalent of ERP is the ERF, or event-related field. Evoked potentials and induced potentials are subtypes of ERPs.
Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt)
The Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt) (lit. 'Supreme Akali Party (United)', SAD(S)) was a centre-right Sikh-centric political party in Punjab, India, formed by former Shiromani Akali Dal leaders Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa and Ranjit Singh Brahmpura.

The party was formed in April 2021 by the merger of two political parties of Punjab Shiromani Akali Dal (Taksali) and Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic). Notable leaders included Ranjit Singh Talwandi, Harsukhinder Singh Bubby Badal, Manmohan Singh Sathiala, Parminder Singh Dhindsa, Paramjit Kaur Gulshan, Harjit Kaur Talwandi and Des Raj Dhugga.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.
Royal Marine Barracks, Woolwich
The Royal Marine Barracks, Woolwich was a military installation occupied by the Royal Marines and located in Frances Street, just south of Woolwich Dockyard. After the Royal Marines' departure from Woolwich it was renamed Cambridge Barracks, while the adjacent Royal Marine Infirmary was renamed Red Barracks.

Red Barracks, Woolwich
The Red Barracks, formerly the Royal Marine Infirmary, was a military installation located in Frances Street, just south of Woolwich Dockyard, in London, England. It was commissioned as an infirmary for the Royal Marines and later became accommodation for the British Army.
OpenWindows
OpenWindows is a discontinued desktop environment for Sun Microsystems workstations which combined a display server supporting the X Window System protocol, the XView and OLIT toolkits, the OPEN LOOK Window Manager (olwm), and the DeskSet productivity tools; earlier versions of OpenWindows also supported the NeWS protocol. It implements the OPEN LOOK GUI specification.

OpenWindows was included in later releases of the SunOS 4 and Solaris operating systems, until its removal in Solaris 9 in favor of Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and GNOME 2.0.

Common Desktop Environment
The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX 98 Workstation Product Standard, and was for a long time the Unix desktop associated with commercial Unix workstations. It helped to influence early implementations of successor projects such as KDE and GNOME, which largely replaced CDE following the turn of the century.

After a long history as proprietary software, CDE was released as free software on August 6, 2012, under the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.0 or later. Since its release as free software, CDE has been ported to Linux and BSD derivatives.
French West Africa
French West Africa (French: Afrique-Occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger. The federation existed from 1895 until 1958. Its capital was Saint-Louis in Senegal until 1902, and then Dakar until the federation's collapse in 1960.

With an area of 4,689,000 km2, French West Africa was eight times the size of Metropolitan France. French Equatorial Africa had an additional area of 2,500,000 km2.

French Upper Volta
Upper Volta (French: Haute-Volta) was a colony of French West Africa established in 1919 in the territory occupied by present-day Burkina Faso. It was formed from territories that had been part of the colonies of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Côte d'Ivoire. The colony was dissolved on 5 September 1932, with parts being administered by the Côte d'Ivoire, French Sudan and the Colony of Niger.

After World War II, on 4 September 1947, the colony was revived as a part of the French Union, with its previous boundaries. On 11 December 1958, it was reconstituted as the self-governing Republic of Upper Volta within the French Community, and two years later on 5 August 1960, it attained full independence. On 4 August 1984, the name was changed to Burkina Faso.

The name Upper Volta indicates that the country contains the upper part of the Volta River. The river is divided into three parts, called the Black Volta, White Volta and Red Volta.