hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xinxiang–Yueshan railway
The Xinxiang–Yueshan railway or Xinyue railway (simplified Chinese: 新月铁路; traditional Chinese: 新月鐵路; pinyin: Xīnyuè tiělù), is a railway line in northern China between Yueshan railway station in Bo'ai County and Xinxiang railway station in Xinxiang. The entire line, 79.8 km (50 mi) in length, is located in Henan Province and serves as a major conduit for the shipment of coal from Shanxi Province.

Yueshan railway station
Yueshan railway station (Chinese: 月山站; pinyin: Yuèshān zhàn) is a railway station in Bo'ai County, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China.  Several railways in northern China intersect at Yueshan, including the Taiyuan–Jiaozuo, Jiaozuo–Liuzhou and Xinxiang–Yueshan railways.  The Houma–Yueshan railway merges into the Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway west of Yueshan at the Liandong railway station in Jiyuan.
District Heights, Maryland
District Heights is an incorporated municipality in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located near Maryland Route 4. Per the 2020 census, the population was 5,959. For more information, see the separate articles on Forestville and Suitland.

District Heights is located 9.85 miles (15.85 km) from central Washington.

Suitland, Maryland
Suitland is a census designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland. Suitland is located approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast of Washington, D.C.. As of the 2020 census, its population was 25,839. Prior to 2010, it was part of the Suitland-Silver Hill census-designated place.
Vista Chino
Vista Chino was an American rock band formed in 2010 by vocalist John Garcia, drummer Brant Bjork and bassist Nick Oliveri, all previously members of Kyuss, along with guitarist Bruno Fevery.

The band formed under the name Kyuss Lives! as a short-lived venture touring the music of the original Kyuss, with a lineup excluding Josh Homme. In 2012, the band announced plans to continue touring indefinitely and begin work on a studio album using the Kyuss Lives! moniker. However, a lawsuit by Homme and former Kyuss bassist Scott Reeder prohibited the use of the name for recordings, prompting the band to rename themselves Vista Chino. After a tour and one album, Peace, Vista Chino broke up in 2014 when Garcia and Bjork supported solo releases.

Peace (Vista Chino album)
Peace is the only album by American rock band Vista Chino. It features three former members of Kyuss (Brant Bjork, Nick Oliveri and John Garcia), along with new guitarist Bruno Fevery. It was released on September 3, 2013, by Napalm Records.

The album peaked at No. 14 on the Billboard Heatseekers Album chart.
History of the Jews in Brenham, Texas
The history of the Jews in Brenham, Texas; covers a period of over 140 years. As one of the first areas in Texas, outside of major population centers, to develop a sizable Jewish population, the community boasts many things of historical note. The Brenham community was formally organized in 1885.

Brenham, Texas
Brenham (/ˈbrɛnəm/ BREH-nəm) is a city in east-central Texas, United States, and the county seat of Washington County, with a population of 17,369 according to the 2020 U.S. census.

Brenham is also known for its annual German heritage festival that takes place each May called Maifest, similar to Volksfest. Numerous German immigrants settled here in the mid-19th century, following the revolutions in German states in 1848.
Sultan Al Jaber
Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, CBE (Arabic: سلطان أحمد الجابر; born 31 August 1973) is an Emirati politician who is the minister of industry and advanced technology of the United Arab Emirates, head of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), and chairman of Masdar.

Al Jaber is the UAE's special envoy for climate change, and the president of the COP28 climate talks. His appointment as head of the COP28 climate talks was strongly criticized by environmentalists due to his track record at ADNOC. As head of ADNOC, Al Jaber has overseen a substantial expansion of gas and oil production at the same time that fossil fuel industries are under pressure to reduce output in order to mitigate climate change.

Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
The Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Arabic: شركة بترول أبو ظبي الوطنية), known by its acronym ADNOC, is the state-owned oil company of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It is the world's 12th largest oil company by production. As of 2021, the company has an oil production capacity exceeding 4 million bpd with plans to increase to 5 million bpd by 2030. It is the United Arab Emirate's largest oil company.

ADNOC's output was roughly flat at about 2.5 million barrels per day during the 1990s. It stood at 2.9 mbpd in 2008. Although its financial indicators are difficult to assess as the company has been described as secretive, it has also been described as efficient and well managed. ADNOC is one of few oil companies in the world to make a substantial investment to increase oil production amid growing pressure to reduce output due to climate change.
Natsuki Mizu
Natsuki Mizu (水夏希 Mizu Natsuki, born 1972) is the former top star (otokoyaku) for Snow Troupe of Takarazuka Revue from December 24, 2006 to September 12, 2010. She joined the company in 1993 and became the top star in December 2006 upon the resignation of Hikaru Asami.

She is from Chiba-shi, Chiba-ken and her birthday is August 16.

Her nickname is Mizu and Chika.

Hikaru Asami
Hikaru Asami (朝海 ひかる, born January 24, 1972) is a Japanese performing artist and a former member of the Takarazuka Revue, where she specialized in playing male characters (Otokoyaku). She joined the revue in 1991 and resigned in 2006. She is from Sendai-shi, Miyagi-ken.

Her real name is Noriko Komuro (小室 德子) and her nickname is Komu (comes from the last name Komuro).
Kevin Na
Kevin Sangwook Na (Korean: 나상욱; born September 15, 1983) is a Korean American professional golfer. He was a member of the PGA Tour until June 2022, when he resigned in order to join LIV Golf. He won five tournaments on the PGA Tour between 2011 and 2021.

LIV Golf
LIV Golf (/lɪv/ LIV) is a professional men's golf tour. The name "LIV" refers to the Roman numerals for 54, the number of holes played at LIV events. The first LIV Golf Invitational Series event started on 9 June 2022, at the Centurion Club near St Albans in Hertfordshire, UK. The Invitational Series became the LIV Golf League in 2023.

LIV Golf is financed by the Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. Some journalists and commentators have said the tour is part of efforts by the Saudi monarchy, which has been criticized for its corruption and human rights abuses, to improve its public image through sports.

LIV Golf Adelaide was awarded the best golf event in the world from 2023–2025 at the World Golf Awards.
Leigh Academy Rainham
Leigh Academy Rainham is an 11–18 mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Rainham, Kent, England. It has 48 dedicated classrooms with yellow walls. Established in September 2021, it is a free school, and part of the Leigh Academies Trust.

Leigh Academies Trust
Leigh Academies Trust is a multi-academy trust, formed of 31 schools based in the Kent, Medway and South East London areas.  Its head office is on the same site as Strood Academy, housing its executive team and central teams including finance, estates, marketing, HR, engagement and IT.

Trust subsidiaries include LAT Apprenticeships, which runs apprenticeship schemes, and LAT Enterprises which generates income which is fed back into the trust's academies.
Nevsun Resources Ltd v Araya
Nevsun Resources Ltd v Araya, 2020 SCC 5 is a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of Canada held, in a 5–4 decision, that a private corporation may be liable under Canadian law for breaches of customary international law committed in other countries.

The case concerned human rights violations allegedly committed against workers at an Eritrean mine majority-owned by Nevsun Resources, a Canadian firm. The Supreme Court held that the alleged victims' case against Nevsun could proceed in the courts of British Columbia. It also established that the act of state doctrine is not recognized in Canadian law.

Act of state doctrine
The act-of-state doctrine is a principle in international law whereby acts done by a state in its own territory cannot be challenged by the national courts of another state. The doctrine covers legislative action by foreign states and also executive actions relating to state-owned property.

As a principle of federal common law in the United States it states, in circumstances where it applies, that courts in the United States will not rule on the validity of another government's (formal) sovereign act with respect to property located within the latter's own territory. The act-of-state doctrine enters consideration most often in cases where a foreign sovereign has expropriated the property of a U.S. national located in that foreign territory (e.g. through nationalization).
Vindolanda
Vindolanda was a Roman auxiliary fort (castrum) just south of Hadrian's Wall in northern England, which it pre-dated. Archaeological excavations of the site show it was under Roman occupation from roughly 85 AD to 370 AD. Located near the modern village of Bardon Mill in Northumberland, it guarded the Stanegate, the Roman road from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth. It is noted for the Vindolanda tablets, a set of wooden leaf-tablets that were, at the time of their discovery, the oldest surviving handwritten documents in Britain.

Magnis (Carvoran)
Magnis or Magna was a Roman fort near Hadrian's Wall in northern Britain. Its ruins are now known as Carvoran Roman Fort and are located near Carvoran, Northumberland, in northern England. It was built on the Stanegate frontier and Roman road, linking Coria (Corbridge) in the east to Luguvalium (Carlisle) in the west, before the building of Hadrian's Wall.

The fort is now the site of the Roman Army Museum.
Pigeon Forge, Tennessee
Pigeon Forge is a mountain resort city in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,343 at the 2020 census. Situated 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Pigeon Forge is a tourist destination that caters primarily to Southern culture and country music fans. The city's attractions include Dollywood and Dollywood's Splash Country, WonderWorks, Alcatraz East Crime Museum, Dolly Parton's Stampede, and numerous gift shops, outlet malls, amusement rides, and musical theaters.

Herschend
Herschend is an American entertainment company that operates several theme parks and tourist attractions within the United States, and as of 2021, one of its aquariums in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Founded by Hugo, Mary, Jack and Pete Herschend of Branson, Missouri, in its early years HFE was simply known as Herschend Enterprises. In the 1980s the name was changed to Silver Dollar City Inc., and in 2003, the company gained the current name. HFE is currently headquartered in Peachtree Corners, Georgia.
Esther Hobart Morris
Esther Hobart Morris (August 8, 1814 – April 2, 1902) was an American judge who was the first woman justice of the peace in the United States. She began her tenure as justice in South Pass City, Wyoming, on February 14, 1870, serving a term of nearly nine months. The Sweetwater County Board of County Commissioners appointed Morris as justice of the peace after the previous justice, R. S. Barr, resigned in protest of Wyoming Territory's passage of the women's suffrage amendment in December 1869.

Popular stories and historical accounts, as well as by state and federal public monuments, point to Morris as a leader in the passage of Wyoming's suffrage amendment. However, Morris's leadership role in the legislation is disputed. Morris herself never claimed any credit, ascribing the bill entirely to William H. Bright, who was member of the territorial legislature from South Pass City and President of the Territorial Council.

South Pass City, Wyoming
South Pass City is an unincorporated community in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States. It is located 2 miles (3 km) south of the intersection of highways 28 and 131. A former station on the Oregon Trail, it became a ghost town after later gold mines were closed. The entire community is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The closest town is Atlantic City.
Vaman Narayan Joshi
Vaman Narayan Joshi (also spelled as Waman Narayan Joshi) (1889 – 14 January 1964) also known as Daji was an Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary from Maharashtra. He is known for his involvement in the assassination of Nashik's district collector, A. M. T. Jackson, as Joshi trained Anant Laxman Kanhere, who carried out the killing of Jackson. Following Jackson's assassination, Joshi was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. He became a prominent figure in the revolutionary movements of his time.

Anant Laxman Kanhere
Anant Laxman Kanhere (7 January 1892 – 19 April 1910) was an Indian freedom fighter. On 21 December 1909, he shot Arthur Mason Tippetts Jackson, who was the district collector of Nashik in British India. The murder was an important event in the history of Nashik and the Indian revolutionary movement in Maharashtra.
Community Unit School District 300
Community Unit School District 300 is a school district headquartered in Algonquin, Illinois, United States, a suburb of Chicago.  The current superintendent of schools is Martina Smith.

The district is the 6th largest school district in the State located in northern Kane County and portions of southeastern McHenry County, Illinois.  The district includes Algonquin, Carpentersville, East Dundee, West Dundee, Sleepy Hollow, Gilberts, Pingree Grove, Hampshire, Lake in the Hills and Cary. The district also has portions in Cook County.

In January 2015, District 300 opened a new administration building in Algonquin next to Jacobs High School replacing the former administration building in Carpentersville.

Algonquin, Illinois
Algonquin is a village in McHenry and Kane counties, Illinois, in the United States. It is a suburb of Chicago, located approximately 40 miles (64 km) northwest of the Loop. As of the 2020 census, the village's population was 29,700.

The village is known as "The Gem of the Fox River Valley", referring to the location of its downtown.
Moreirense F.C.
Moreirense Futebol Clube is a Portuguese professional football club based in Moreira de Cónegos, Guimarães Municipality, Minho. Founded on 1 November 1938, it plays in the Primeira Liga, holding home games at Parque de Jogos Comendador Joaquim de Almeida Freitas, with a capacity for 6,150 spectators.

The team first played in the second tier in 1995 and the Primeira Liga in 2002. It won the Taça da Liga in 2017 and the second division championship in 2014 and 2023.

2022–23 Liga Portugal 2
The 2022–23 Liga Portugal 2, also known as Liga Portugal SABSEG for sponsorship reasons, is the 33rd season of Portuguese football's second-tier league, and the third season under the current Liga Portugal 2 title. A total of 18 teams are competing in this division, including reserve sides from top-flight Primeira Liga teams.
Province of Mantua
The province of Mantua (Italian: provincia di Mantova; Mantuan, Lower Mantuan: pruvincia ad Mantua; Upper Mantuan: pruinsa de Mantua) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Mantua. It is bordered to the north-east by the province of Verona, to the east by the province of Rovigo, to the south by the province of Ferrara, province of Modena, province of Reggio Emilia, and province of Parma, to the west by the province of Cremona, and to the north-west by the province of Brescia.

Province of Verona
The province of Verona (Italian: provincia di Verona) is a province of the Veneto region in Italy. On its northwestern border, Lake Garda—Italy's largest—is divided between Verona and the provinces of Brescia (Lombardy region) and Trentino (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region). Its capital is the city of Verona. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The province is cosmopolitan in nature. It is bordered by Italian Tyrol in the north, province of Vicenza and province of Padua in the east, province of Rovigo and province of Mantua in the south, and Lake Garda in the west. From north to south the maximum extent of the province is 50 miles while it is 25 miles from east to west.
Deuterodon heterostomus
Deuterodon heterostomus is a small species of characin endemic to a large river system in southeast Brazil. It was originally the only member of the genus Probolodus, but Probolodus is now considered obsolete, synonymized with Deuterodon. Much like other members of Deuterodon, and like some fish in related genera, D. heterostomus is a small, silvery fish with fins in some combination of red and clear. It has a defined humeral spot that can be used for identification.

Its diet was not well-known until a 1970 study that classified it as a voracious lepidophage, preying on other fish species for their scales. Most of its food is sourced from related fishes such as Psalidodon fasciatus, a cryptic species to which D. heterostomus bears a strong visual resemblance. This resemblance has been proposed to be a form of mimicry, allowing D. heterostomus to easily approach its prey.

Lepidophagy
Lepidophagy is a specialised feeding behaviour in fish that involves eating the scales of other fish. Lepidophagy is widespread, having evolved independently in at least five freshwater families and seven marine families. A related feeding behavior among fish is pterygophagy: feeding on the fins of other fish.
Menachem Mendel Hager
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Hager (Hebrew: מנחם מנדל הגר; born November 28, 1957) is one of the two Grand Rabbis of the Viznitz (Admor Mviznitz) Hasidic dynasty in Bnei Brak and a current member of Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (Council of great Torah Sages) of the Agudat Yisrael movement.

Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)
Vizhnitz is the name of a Hasidic dynasty founded by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Hager. Vizhnitz (ויז׳ניץ or וויזשניץ) is the Yiddish name of Vyzhnytsia, a town in present-day Ukraine (then, a village in Austrian Bukovina).

Followers of the rebbes of Vizhnitz are called Vizhnitzer Hasidim.
Monschau Hedge Land
The cultural landscape of the Monschau Hedge Land (German: Monschauer Heckenland) or Monschau Hedge Region includes the uplands of the Eifel and the villages around the town of Monschau in the Region of Aachen, covering an area of 94 km², in which historical hedge structures from the 17th century have survived in great numbers. They consist of individually made, beech hedges around houses and field hedges in the open country, laid to enclose fields and protect them from grazing cattle.

The best example of a Monschau "hedge village" (Heckendorf) is Höfen, which has twice won awards in the best kept village competition Unser Dorf soll schöner werden. Other examples include Kalterherberg, Mützenich, Rohren and Imgenbroich. Also within the region are parts of the municipalities of Simmerath - for example, the villages of Eicherscheid and Kesternich - as well as Roetgen.

Hedgelaying
Hedgelaying (or hedge laying) is the process of partially cutting through and then bending the stems of a line of shrubs or small trees, near ground level, without breaking them, so as to encourage them to produce new growth from the base and create a living ‘stock proof fence’. It is a countryside skill that has been practised for centuries, mainly in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with many regional variations in style and technique.

The first description of hedgelaying is in Julius Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War, when his army was inconvenienced by thick woven hedges during the Battle of the Sabis in Belgium. Hedgelaying developed as a way of containing livestock in fields, particularly after the acts of enclosure which, in England, began in the 16th century.

Today hedges are laid to contain livestock without the need for artificial fences, to  maintain biodiversity-friendly habitats, to promote traditional skills and to enjoy the pleasing visual effect of a laid hedge.
Samar, Dnipro
Samar (Ukrainian: Самар) is a neighborhood of the Samarskyi District (urban district) of the city of Dnipro in southern Ukraine. It is located at the mouth of Samara River on its right bank where the river enters Dnieper. Samar, originally a Cossack settlement, was destroyed in 17th century and consequently rebuilt in a different location, and is thus sometimes called Old Samar (Ukrainian: Стара Самар) to distinguish it from the New Samar.

Samar, Ukraine
Samar (Ukrainian: Самар [sɐˈmɑr]), formerly known as Novomoskovsk (Ukrainian: Новомосковськ) until 2024, is a city and municipality in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative centre of Samar Raion within the oblast. Samar is located predominantly on the right bank of the Samara River, a left tributary of the Dnieper River. The city is located 27 kilometres (17 mi) from the administrative center of the oblast, Dnipro. As of January 2022, Samar's population was approximately 69,855.
Down Down Baby
"Down Down Baby" (also known as "Roller Coaster") is a clapping game played by children in English-speaking countries.  In the game, two or more children stand in a circle, and clap hands in tune to a rhyming song. It has been used in various songs and media productions since the mid 20th century.

As with most hand-clapping games, there are many variations. Modified versions of the song have appeared in Little Anthony and the Imperials's "Shimmy Shimmy Ko-Ko Bop", Nelly's "Country Grammar", Simian Mobile Disco's "Hotdog", The Damned's "New Rose", The Drums' "Let's Go Surfing", Cayucas' "Jessica WJ", Carter USM's "Watching the Big Apple Turnover", Bella Thorne and Zendaya's "Contagious Love", the film Big, EXO's "Ko Ko Bop", Kyle's "Yes!", and Lana Del Rey's "A&W".

Clapping game
A clapping game (subset of hand games) is a type of usually cooperative (i.e., non-competitive) game which is generally played by two players and involves clapping as a rhythmic accompaniment to a singing game or reciting of a rhyme, often nursery rhymes. Clapping games are found throughout the world and similar games may be known throughout large areas with regional variation.
Philippine literature in Spanish
Philippine literature in Spanish (Spanish: Literatura filipina en español; Filipino: Literaturang Pilipino sa Espanyol) is a body of literature made by Filipino writers in the Spanish language. Today, this corpus is the third largest in the whole corpus of Philippine literature (Philippine Literature in Filipino being the first, followed by Philippine literature in English). It is slightly larger than the Philippine literature in the vernacular languages. However, because of the very few additions to it in the past 30 years, it is expected that the former will soon overtake its rank.

Philippine literature in English
Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, then engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines, with English serving as the medium of instruction. That year, around 600 educators in the S.S. Thomas (the "Thomasites") were tasked to replace the soldiers who had been serving as the first teachers. Outside the academe, the wide availability of reading materials, such as books and newspapers in English, helped Filipinos assimilate the language quickly. Today, 78.53% of the population can understand or speak English (see List of countries by English-speaking population).