hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romanians in Serbia
Romanians are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Romanians in Serbia is 23,044, constituting 0.3% of the total population. An additional 21,013 people self-declared as Vlachs; there are differing views whether Vlachs should be regarded as Romanians or as a distinct ethnicity.

Vlachs of Serbia
The Vlachs (Romanian: rumâń; Serbian: Власи, romanized: Vlasi) are a Romanian-speaking recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, there were 21,013 Vlachs living in Serbia (constituting 0.3% of the total population), although unofficial estimates by members of the community put the number of Vlachs or speakers of Romanian in eastern Serbia to be between 150,000 and 300,000. They are concentrated in eastern Serbia, mainly within the Timok Valley.

The Vlachs are characterized by a culture that has preserved archaic and ancient elements in matters such as language or customs. Although ethnographically and linguistically related to the Romanians, within the Vlach community there are divergences on whether or not they belong to the Romanian ethnicity and whether or not their minority should be amalgamated with the Romanian ethnic minority in Serbia.
Valley National Bank of Arizona
Valley National Bank of Arizona was a bank based in Phoenix, Arizona, founded in 1900 and acquired by Bank One in 1992. The bank was one of Arizona's leading financial institutions during the 20th century and the last major independent bank in Arizona at the time of its acquisition.

Bank One Corporation
Bank One Corporation was an American bank founded in 1968 and at its peak the sixth-largest bank in the United States. It traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock symbol ONE. The company merged with JPMorgan Chase & Co. on July 1, 2004, with Bank One CEO Jamie Dimon soon becoming CEO and Chairman of the combined company but under JPMorgan Chase branding. The company had its headquarters in the Bank One Plaza (now Chase Tower) in the Chicago Loop in Chicago, Illinois, now the headquarters of Chase's retail banking division.

Bank One traces its roots to the merger of Illinois based First Chicago NBD, and  Ohio-based First Banc Group (later Bank One),  a holding company for the City National Bank in Columbus, Ohio.
Ubuntu Edge
The Ubuntu Edge was a proposed high-concept smartphone announced by Canonical Ltd. on 22 July 2013. Canonical was seeking to crowdfund a production run of around 40,000 units through Indiegogo. It had the highest target of any crowdfunded project to date, $32,000,000 over a one-month campaign. The Edge was not intended to go into mass production after the initial run, but rather to serve as a demonstration for new technologies for the industry. The Edge fell short of its funding goal, raising only $12,733,521 with 27,633 backers to purchase the standard model of the handset.

The Edge was designed as a hybrid device, which would function as a high-end smartphone (with both Ubuntu Touch and Android), or—when used with a monitor, keyboard and mouse—be able to operate as a conventional desktop PC running Ubuntu. The Ubuntu Edge was also designed to support dual boot, and was to run along with Android.

Ubuntu Touch
Ubuntu Touch is a mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system, developed by the UBports community. Its user interface is written in Qt, and is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. However, the original goal of convergence was intended to bring Ubuntu Touch to laptops, desktops, IoT devices and TVs for a complete unified user experience.

The project was started by Canonical Ltd. but on 5 April 2017 its CEO Mark Shuttleworth announced that Canonical would terminate support due to lack of market interest. It was then adopted by UBports as a community project. The UBports project was seeded by Marius Gripsgård in 2015 and the source code was transferred to the UBports Foundation where it since resides. UBports' mission is to support the collaborative development of Ubuntu Touch and to promote its widespread use.
Ghazni Province
Ghazni (Pashto: غزني, Pashto pronunciation: [ɣaz.ni]; Dari: غزنی, Dari pronunciation: [ɣäz.níː]), is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in southeastern Afghanistan. The province contains 19 districts, encompassing over a thousand villages and roughly 1.3 million people, making it the 5th most populous province. The city of Ghazni serves as the capital. It lies on the important Kabul–Kandahar Highway, and has historically functioned as an important trade center. The Ghazni Airport is located next to the city of Ghazni and provides limited domestic flights to Afghanistan's capital, Kabul.

Ghazni borders the provinces of Maidan Wardak, Logar, Paktia, Paktika, Zabul, Uruzgan, Daykundi and Bamyan.

Paktika Province
Paktika (Pashto, Dari: پکتیکا) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. Forming part of the larger Loya Paktia region, Paktika has a population of about 789,000 residents, who are mostly ethnic Pashtuns but smaller communities of Tajiks and others may also be found in the province. The town of Sharana serves as the provincial capital, while the most populous city is Urgun.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Artie Traum
Arthur Roy Traum (April 3, 1943 – July 20, 2008) was an American guitarist, songwriter, and producer. Traum's work appeared on more than 35 albums. He produced and recorded with The Band, Arlen Roth, Warren Bernhardt, Pat Alger, Tony Levin, John Sebastian, Richie Havens, Maria Muldaur, Eric Andersen, Paul Butterfield, Paul Siebel, Rory Block, James Taylor, Pete Seeger, David Grisman, Livingston Taylor, Michael Franks and Happy Traum, among others.  Traum's songs were featured on PBS, BBC, ESPN, CBS, and The Weather Channel. He toured in Japan, Europe and the U.S.

Happy Traum
Harry Peter "Happy" Traum (May 9, 1938 – July 17, 2024) was an American folk musician who started playing around Washington Square in the late 1950s. He became a stalwart of the Greenwich Village music scene of the 1960s and the Woodstock music community of the 1970s and 1980s.
Cassa di Risparmio di Tortona
Cassa di Risparmio di Tortona  was an Italian savings bank based in Tortona, Piedmont. The bank was merged into Banca Lombarda in 1999 (the predecessor of UBI Banca), while the former owner of the bank, Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Tortona, still operates as a charity organization.

Banca Lombarda e Piemontese
Banca Lombarda e Piemontese was an Italian banking group. It was formed as Banca Lombarda in 1998 by the merger of Banca San Paolo di Brescia (with subsidiary Banca di Valle Camonica)  and Credito Agrario Bresciano (with subsidiary Banco di San Giorgio). The group merged with Banca Regionale Europea in 2000, which changed their name to reflect the extension to Piedmont region. In 2007 the group merged with Banche Popolari Unite to form UBI Banca.

The group was a minority shareholders of Banca Intesa, partly due to the sales of Cariparma's shares to Banca Intesa and partially due to the warrants issued to Banca San Paolo di Brescia.
Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp
The Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp is an American twin-row, 18-cylinder, air-cooled radial aircraft engine with a displacement of 2,800 cu in (46 L), and is part of the long-lived Wasp family of engines.

The R-2800 saw widespread use in many important American aircraft during and after World War II. During the war years, Pratt & Whitney continued to develop new ideas to upgrade the engine, including water injection for takeoff in cargo and passenger planes and to give emergency power in combat.

Pratt & Whitney Wasp series
The Pratt & Whitney Wasp was the civilian name of a family of air-cooled, radial piston engines developed in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.

The Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company (P&W) was founded in 1925 by Frederick B. Rentschler, who had previously been the president of Wright Aeronautical. He brought with him some of Wright's best designers, and the new team quickly came up with their first design, the R-1340 Wasp. The name "Wasp" was suggested for the first model by Rentschler's wife, Faye.
National Junior Hockey League
The National Junior Hockey League (NMHL) (formerly Junior Hockey League Division B) (Russian: Национальная молодежная хоккейная лига (НМХЛ)) is the second level of the Junior Hockey League, the KHL's junior ice hockey league. The B division was established in 2011 and the inaugural season was the 2011–12 season. A promotion and relegation system was in place between the MHL and MHL-B, where the bottom 2 teams at the end of the season of MHL were relegated to MHL-B and the 2 best MHL-B teams are promoted to MHL.

The Regions Cup is awarded to the champion of the playoffs of the league.

Junior Hockey League (Russia)
The Junior Hockey League (JHL) (Russian: Молодежная Хоккейная Лига (МХЛ), romanized: Molodezhnaya Hokkeinaya Liga (MHL)), sometimes translated as the Minor or Youth Hockey League, is a major junior ice hockey league in Eurasia, founded in 2009. It currently consists of 33 teams from 3 countries. Currently, all teams but one are subsidiaries (feeder teams) of their respective KHL or VHL professional counterparts. A player's age cannot be older than 20.  The Kharlamov Cup, named after star ice hockey player Valeri Kharlamov, is awarded annually as the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia's official Junior Championship, following a 16-team playoff at the end of the regular season.
Integrism (Spain)
Integrism is a Spanish political philosophy prominent during the late 19th and early 20th century. Rooted in conservative Catholic groupings like Neo-Catholics or Carlists, the Integrists represented the most right-wing formation of the Restoration political spectrum. Their vision discarded religious tolerance and embraced a state constructed along strictly Catholic lines.

The Integrists opposed Liberalism and the parliamentarian system, advocating an accidentalist organic regime. Led first by Ramón Nocedal Romea and then by Juan Olazábal Ramery they were active as a political structure named Partido Católico Nacional (also known as Partido Integrista), but the group retained influence mostly thanks to an array of periodicals, headed by the Madrid-based El Siglo Futuro. Though Integrism enjoyed some momentum when it formally emerged in the late 1880s, it was soon reduced to a third-rate political force and eventually amalgamated within Carlism in the early 1930s.

Ramón Nocedal Romea
Ramón Nocedal Romea (1842–1907) was a Spanish politician, first member of the Neocatólicos, then of the Carlists, and finally of the Integrists. He is known as the leader of a political current known as Integrismo (1888–1907) and a chief representative of Catholic fundamentalism when applied to politics.
Arthur F. Burns
Arthur Frank Burns (April 27, 1904 – June 26, 1987) was an American economist and diplomat who served as the 10th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1970 to 1978. He previously chaired the Council of Economic Advisers under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1956, and served as the first Counselor to the President under Richard Nixon from January to November 1969. He also taught and researched at Rutgers University, Columbia University, and the National Bureau of Economic Research.

President Nixon nominated him to succeed William McChesney Martin as Chairman of the Federal Reserve and later renominated him for another term. Burns was succeeded by G. William Miller when his second term expired. After leaving the Fed, President Ronald Reagan chose him to serve as Ambassador to West Germany in 1981, where he remained in office until 1985.

William McChesney Martin
William McChesney Martin Jr. (December 17, 1906 – July 27, 1998) was an American business executive who served as the 9th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1951 to 1970, making him the longest holder of that position. He was nominated to the post by President Harry S. Truman and reappointed by four of his successors. Martin, who once considered becoming a Presbyterian minister, was described by a Washington journalist as "the happy Puritan".
East Midlands Electricity
The East Midlands Electricity Board (EMEB) was formed in 1947 as one of the United Kingdom's twelve area electricity boards specified under the Electricity Act 1947. In 1990 it was floated on the stock market as East Midlands Electricity plc, which went through several changes of ownership.

Public electricity supplier
Public electricity suppliers (PES) were the fourteen electricity companies created in Great Britain in 1990, when the electricity market in the United Kingdom was privatised following the Electricity Act 1989.  The Utilities Act 2000 subsequently split these companies between distribution network operators and separate supply companies.

Previously, in England and Wales the Central Electricity Generating Board had been responsible for the generation and transmission of electricity, with the twelve area electricity boards (AEBs) formed under the Electricity Act 1947 responsible for the distribution and supply of electricity to consumers.

In Scotland the structure was different, with all aspects of generation, transmission, distribution and supply being carried out by two vertically integrated companies.
Zabaniyah
The Zabaniyya (Arabic: الزبانية, romanized: az-zabāniya) are the "Wardens of hell" (Arabic: خَزَنَةِ جَهَنَّمَ, romanized: khazanati jahannam),   who torture the sinners or carry of the souls of the wicked. They are identified with the "Nineteen angels of Hell", and "Angels of punishment", and "Guardians of Hell", and "Angels of hell".

According to the Quran and the ahadith, the Zabaniyah are nineteen in number and Maalik is their leader.

As angels, the Zabaniyya are, despite their gruesome appearance and actions, ultimately subordinate to God,: 82  and thus their punishments are considered in Islamic theology as just.

Maalik
In Islamic belief, Maalik (Arabic: مَٰالِكُ, romanized: mālik) denotes an angel in Hell/Purgatory (Arabic: جهنم, romanized: jahannam) who guarded the Hellfire and assisted by other angel guards (Q74:30) known as Zabaniyah (Arabic: الزبانية, romanized: az-zabānīya). In the Qur'an, Maalik is mentioned in Surah Az-Zukhruf 43:77 as the chief of angels of hell. The earliest codices offer various alternative spellings of this word including malak, meaning "angel", instead of a proper name.
Amiga CD32
The Amiga CD32 is a home video game console developed by Commodore as part of the Amiga line, as well as the final hardware to be developed by the company. Released in September 1993 in Europe, Australia, Canada, and Brazil, it was marketed as the "first" 32-bit games console and is essentially a keyboard-less Amiga 1200 personal computer without the I/O ports, but with the addition of a CD-ROM drive in place of floppy and a modified Advanced Graphics Architecture chipset for improved graphical performance.

Unlike Commodore's CDTV released two years prior, the CD32 was designed specifically as a games machine. The majority of CD32 game software were ports of existing Amiga 1200 or Amiga 500 titles, and many did not take advantage of CD capabilities like CD music or full-motion video. While its sales in European markets were average, the console was withdrawn from sale after only a short time as Commodore filed for bankruptcy in April 1994.

CDTV
The CDTV (from Commodore Dynamic Total Vision, later treated as a backronym for Compact Disc Television) is a home multimedia entertainment and video game console – convertible into a full-fledged personal computer by the addition of optional peripherals – developed by Commodore International and launched in April 1991.

The CDTV was based on the same technology as earlier Amiga systems, but featured a single-speed CD-ROM drive and no floppy disk drive as standard.

Commodore marketed the machine as an all-in-one multimedia appliance. As such, it targeted the same market as the Philips CD-i. The expected market for multimedia appliances did not materialize, and neither machine met with any real commercial success.
USS Scott (DDG-995)
USS Scott (DDG-995) was a Kidd-class destroyer of the United States Navy. She was named for Rear Admiral Norman Scott, who was killed during a surface action at the First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Friday the 13th) aboard USS Atlanta, receiving a posthumous Medal of Honor for his actions.

Originally named Nader, Scott was ordered by the Imperial State of Iran, but was undelivered at the time of the Iranian Revolution and the U.S. Navy elected to commission her and her sister ships for service in the Persian Gulf. The destroyers were equipped with heavy-duty air conditioning and were also well suited to filtering sand and the results from NBC warfare. She was commissioned in 1981.

Scott completed a major re-fit in Philadelphia in 1988 that focused on upgrading its radar and fire control tracking system.

Scott was decommissioned from the U.S. Navy on 10 December 1998.

Kidd-class destroyer
The Kidd-class destroyers are a series of four guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) based on the Spruance class. In contrast to their predecessor's focus on anti-submarine warfare, the Kidds were designed as more advanced multipurpose ships with the addition of considerably enhanced anti-aircraft capabilities. Originally ordered for the former Imperial Iranian Navy, the contracts were canceled when the 1979 Iranian Revolution began, and the ships were completed for the United States Navy. They were decommissioned in 1999 and sold to Taiwan, where they have served in the Republic of China Navy as the Kee Lung class since 2005.
Bernardo Méndez de Figueroa
Bernardo Méndez de Figueroa (1782 – May 1839) nicknamed "El Pavo" was a Nicaraguan military figure most notable for reestablishing military absolutism in Nicaragua in 1837 during the presidency of José Núñez.

He fell from power in April 1839 after he lost the Battle of Espíritu Santo and his position was taken by Casto Fonseca, who ruled until his death in 1845, and was replaced by José Trinidad Muñoz. Nicaragua would be run militarily for 18 years until Muñoz' death during the Filibuster War.

Casto Fonseca
Casto Fonseca (c. 1800 – 24 January 1845) was a Nicaraguan military figure who served as the de facto military leader of Nicaragua from 6 April 1839 to 20 January 1845, preceded by Bernardo Méndez de Figueroa and succeeded by José Trinidad Muñoz.

Fonseca was a graduate in medicine and only had one son, Marcos Fonseca.
TV Vanguarda Taubaté
Vanguarda (channel 3) is a Brazilian television station based in Taubaté, a city in the state of São Paulo serving as the affiliate of the TV Globo network for said city and its surroundings. Together with TV Vanguarda São José dos Campos, it airs its programming to half of the Paraíba Valley, as well as the state's north coast. Its news offices and commercial department are located on the 1st floor of The One Office Tower building, in Bosque Flamboyant, and its transmitters are in Alto de São Pedro.

TV Vanguarda São José dos Campos
Vanguarda (channel 17) is a Brazilian television station based in São José dos Campos, a city in the state of São Paulo serving as the affiliate of the TV Globo network for said city and its surroundings. Owned-and-operated by locally based Rede Vanguarda, it transmits its programming to part of Paraíba Valley, while the other half and the North Coast are covered by TV Vanguarda Taubaté. Its headquarters are located in an annex to CenterVale Shopping in Jardim Oswaldo Cruz, while its transmission antenna is at the top of Morro do Cruzeiro, in Jardim Guimarães.
Lal Qilla Tehsil
Lal Qilla is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Lower Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The other tehsils of the district include:

Adenzai Tehsil

Balambat Tehsil

Khall Tehsil

Munda Tehsil

Samar Bagh Tehsil

Timergara Tehsil

Lower Dir District Tehsils have 37 Union Councils. The population is 797,852, according to the 1998 census. The projected population of Lower Dir was 1,037,091 in 2005 with the growth between the 1981 and 1998 census at 3.42% per annum.

Munda Tehsil
Munda is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Lower Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Munda is an administrative Tehsil under the jurisdiction of Samar Bagh, sub-division of Lower Dir District. It is listed among:

Adenzai Tehsil

Balambat Tehsil

Khall Tehsil

Lal Qilla Tehsil

Munda Tehsil

Samar Bagh Tehsil

Timergara Tehsil

It is located 18 kilometers southwest of the District Headquarters Timergara. Mian Killi is an administrative part of Munda village, situated opposite to the main location (Munda Bazar).

The residents of the area are known for their rich culture, values and typical Pashtun hospitality, honor and dignity.

Lower Dir District Tehsils have 37 Union Councils. The population is 797,852 according to the 1998 census report. The projected population of Dir Lower was 1,037,091 in 2005 with the same growth between the 1981 and 1998 census i.e. 3.42% per annum.
Whilkut
The Whilkut (variants: Whiylqit, Hwil'-kut, Hoilkut, Hoilkut-hoi) also known as "(Upper) Redwood Creek Indians" or "Mad River Indians" were a Pacific Coast Athabaskan tribe speaking a dialect similar to the Hupa to the northeast and Chilula to the north, who inhabited the area on or near the Upper Redwood Creek and along the Mad River except near its mouth (with the North Fork Mad River), up to Iaqua Butte, and some settlement in Grouse Creek in the Trinity River drainage in Northwestern California, before contact with Europeans.

Hupa
The Hupa (Yurok: Huep'oola' / Huep'oolaa 'Hupa people') are a Native American people of the Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group in northwestern California. Their endonym is dining’xine:wh for Hupa-language speakers in general, and  na:tinixwe for residents of Hoopa Valley, also spelled Natinook-wa, meaning "People of the Place Where the Trails Return". The Karuk name for them is Kishákeevar / Kishakeevra ("Hupa (Trinity River) People", from kishákeevar-sav = "Hupa River, i.e. Trinity River"). The majority of the tribe is enrolled in the federally recognized Hoopa Valley Tribe.
Brush cut
A brush cut is a type of haircut in which the hair on the top of the head is cut  short in every dimension. The top and the upper portion of the back and sides are cut the same length, generally between 1⁄4 and 1⁄2 inch (6 and 13 mm), following the contour of the head. The hair below the upper portion of the sides and back of the head is tapered short or semi-short with a clipper, in the same manner as a crew cut. A variant form may have a slight graduation of the top hair longer from back  to front or a quickly graduated bit of hair at the front hairline to achieve a little flip up of the hair at the forehead. A brush that is cut at less than 1⁄4 inch on top may be referred to as a burr.  A brush that is cut at 1⁄4 inch or longer on top, and especially one that shows natural curl, depending on length,  may  be referred to as a  short brush cut  or  brush cut. Brush cuts are traditionally groomed with hair control wax, commonly referred to as brush wax.

Regular haircut
A regular haircut in Western fashion is a men's and boys' hairstyle featuring hair long enough to comb on top, with a defined or deconstructed side part, and back and sides that vary in length from short, semi-short, medium, long, to extra long.: 129–131 : 98–101  The style is also known by other names, including taper cut, regular taper cut, side-part and standard haircut; as well as short back and sides, businessman cut and professional cut, subject to varying national, regional, and local interpretations of the specific taper for the back and sides.: 188 : 122 : 97