hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Province of Upper Silesia
The Province of Upper Silesia (German: Provinz Oberschlesien; Silesian German: Provinz Oberschläsing; Silesian: Prowincyjŏ Gōrny Ślōnsk; Polish: Prowincja Górny Śląsk) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. It comprised much of the region of Upper Silesia and was eventually divided into two government regions (Regierungsbezirke) called Kattowitz (1939–1945), and Oppeln (1819–1945). The provincial capital was Oppeln (1919–1938) and Kattowitz (1941–1945), while other major towns included Beuthen, Gleiwitz, Hindenburg O.S., Neiße, Ratibor and Auschwitz, added in 1941 (the place of future extermination of Jews in World War II). Between 1938 and 1941 it was reunited with Lower Silesia as the Province of Silesia.

Province of Silesia
The Province of Silesia (German: Provinz Schlesien; Polish: Prowincja Śląska; Silesian: Prowincyjŏ Ślōnskŏ) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1919. The Silesia region was part of the Prussian realm since 1742 and established as an official province in 1815, then became part of the German Empire in 1871. In 1919, as part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, Silesia was divided into the provinces of Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia. Silesia was reunified briefly from 1 April 1938 to 27 January 1941 as a province of Nazi Germany before being divided back into Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia.

Breslau (present-day Wrocław, Poland) was the provincial capital.
Radio Shalom (Paris)
Radio Shalom is a Jewish community radio station based in Paris, France. It broadcasts on 94.8 MHz in a time-sharing agreement with two additional Jewish stations, Radio J and RCJ, from a transmitter in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, atop the Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile. The station, characterized by its pro-peace editorial stance to the Israel–Palestine conflict, is financed by advertising.

RCJ (radio station)
RCJ (French: Radio de la Communauté Juive, "Jewish Community Radio") is a Jewish radio station broadcasting on 94.8 MHz FM in Paris, France. It is owned by the Association Fonds Social Juif, an affiliate of the Fonds social juif unifié (Unified Jewish Social Fund, FSJU), and broadcasts as one of three Jewish stations sharing the frequency alongside Radio Shalom and Radio J. All three stations are broadcast from a transmitter in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, atop the Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile. Studios are located in the FSJU building in the Rue Broca.

Of the three stations, RCJ is identified as the most institutional and cultural in orientation.
Taphrina deformans
Taphrina deformans is a fungus and plant pathogen, and a causal agent[s] of peach leaf curl. Peach trees infected with T. deformans will experience leaf puckering and distortion, acquiring a characteristic downward and inward curl. Leaves will also undergo chlorosis, turning a pale green or yellow, and later show a red or purple tint. Fruit can either drop prematurely or show surface distortions. Severe infection can also produce lesions on the flowers. The host tree will experience defoliation if the leaves are badly diseased. If a seedling is severely infected, it may die. Almond trees display similar symptoms.

Leaf curl
Peach leaf curl is a plant disease characterized by distortion and coloration of leaves and is caused by the fungus Taphrina deformans, which infects peach, nectarine, and almond trees.  T. deformans is found in the United States, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Peach leaf curl reduces the amount of leaves and fruit produced by peach and nectarine trees.
Longshan culture
The Longshan culture, also sometimes referred to as the Black Pottery Culture, was a late Neolithic culture in the middle and lower Yellow River valley areas of northern China from about 3000 to 1900 BC. The first archaeological find of this culture took place at the Chengziya Archaeological Site in 1928, with the first excavations in 1930 and 1931. The culture is named after the nearby modern town of Longshan (lit. "Dragon Mountain") in Zhangqiu, Shandong. The culture was noted for its highly polished black pottery (or egg-shell pottery).

The population expanded dramatically during the 3rd millennium BC, with many settlements having rammed earth walls. In addition to the Shandong area, variants developed in the middle Yellow River area, Taosi in the Fen River valley, and in the Wei River valley. Around 2000 BC, the population decreased sharply and large settlements were abandoned in most areas except the central area, which evolved into the Bronze Age Erlitou culture.

Chengziya
36°44′8.88″N 117°21′14.94″E﻿ / ﻿36.7358000°N 117.3541500°E﻿ / 36.7358000; 117.3541500

Chengziya, also spelled Chengziyai, is a Chinese archaeological site and the location of the first discovery of the Neolithic Longshan culture in 1928. The discovery of the Longshan culture at Chengziya was a significant step towards understanding the origins of Chinese civilization. To date, Chengziya is the second largest known prehistorical settlement after Shimao. The site is located in Shandong province, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the east of the provincial capital Jinan. It is protected and made accessible by the Chengziya Ruins Museum (Chinese: 城子崖遗址博物馆; pinyin: Chéngzǐyá Yízhǐ Bówùguǎn).
Internet in Tunisia
The Internet in Tunisia played an important role in the dramatic events of the Arab Spring which began in Tunisia. The ouster of previous president of Tunisia Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ushered in more open access and use of the Internet. Political leaders in Tunisia are making use of social media to communicate with the electorate. Restructuring the Tunisian Internet Agency under the auspices of the Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies is one of the items that the transition government is working on.

Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies (Tunisia)
The Ministry of Communication Technologies and Digital Transformation of Tunisia (Arabic: وزارة تكنولوجيات الاتصال والتحول الرقمي) is a Tunisian cabinet-level governmental agency, in charge of organizing the communications sector of Tunisia. It is also concerned with the planning, controlling and supervision of activities directed at acquiring new technology and improving the sector.
Dane Bird-Smith
Dane Alex Bird-Smith (born 15 July 1992) is an Australian racewalking athlete. He competes in the 20 kilometres race walk, and has a best of 1:19:28 hours for the distance, set in 2017. He competed at the 2016 Rio Olympics, where he was the bronze medallist. Bird-Smith represented Australia at the World Championships in Athletics three times (2013, 2015, and 2017), and has appeared four times at the IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships/Cup.

He was the gold medallist at the Commonwealth Games in 2018, the Summer Universiade in 2015 and the Oceania Race Walking Championships in 2018 and 2014. He is the son of former Australian Olympic walker David Smith.

He holds the Oceanian continental records for the 3000 metres walk and 5000 metres walk. He is now playing AFL for the Wynnum Vikings.

David Smith (race walker)
David Gregory Smith (born 24 July 1955) is a retired male race walker from Australia, who represented his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1980 (Moscow). His best Olympic result was finishing in tenth place in the men's 20 km race at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Smith won the British AAA Championships title in the 3000 metres walk event at the 1983 AAA Championships.

His son, Dane Bird-Smith, also became an international walker for Australia.
Harding's Gallery (Boston)
Harding's Gallery (c. 1833–1847) in Boston, Massachusetts, exhibited works by European and American artists in the 1830s-1840s. The building on School Street also housed a newspaper press; the Mercantile Library Association; the Boston Artists' Association; and artists' studios. The building's name derived from painter Chester Harding, who kept his studio there.

Boston Artists' Association
The Boston Artists' Association (1841–1851) was established in Boston, Massachusetts by Washington Allston, Henry Sargent, and other painters, sculptors, and architects, in order to organize exhibitions, a school, a workspace for members, and to promote art "for the art's sake."
Netupitant/palonosetron
Netupitant/palonosetron, sold under the brand name Akynzeo, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It is marketed and distributed by Helsinn Therapeutics. Netupitant is an NK1 receptor antagonist and palonosetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.

The capsules contain netupitant and palonosetron hydrochloride. The intravenous version is a combination of fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride and palonosetron hydrochloride.

Fosnetupitant
Fosnetupitant is a medication used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It is a prodrug of netupitant. It is used in combination with palonosetron hydrochloride and formulated as the salt fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride for intravenous use.

In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the intravenous formulation of a fixed dose combination of fosnetupitant and palonosetron. The combination is also approved for medical use in the European Union, and in Canada.
Pethia
Pethia is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae native to South Asia, East Asia (only Pethia stoliczkana recorded) and Mainland Southeast Asia. Some species are commonly seen in the aquarium trade. The name Pethia is derived from the Sinhalese "pethia", a generic word used to describe any of several small species of cyprinid fishes. Most members of this genus were included in Puntius, until it was revised in 2012.

Pethia stoliczkana
Pethia stoliczkana is a fresh water tropical cyprinid fish native to the upper Mekong, Salwen, Irrawaddy, Meklong and upper Charo Phraya basins in the countries of Nepal, India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos, Thailand, China and Sri Lanka.
Gillbrook Academy
Gillbrook Academy (formerly Gillbrook College) was a mixed academy and sixth form in Teesville, Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire. It merged with neighbouring Eston Park Academy in September 2014 and now forms part of a new single Hillsview Academy.

Eston Park Academy
Eston Park Academy (formerly Eston Park School) was a mixed academy and sixth form in Teesville, Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It merged with neighbouring Gillbrook Academy in September 2014 and now forms part of a new single Hillsview Academy. The new merged academy is run by the Academies Enterprise Trust (as were the two former schools).

It had five houses: Durham, Lincoln, Ripon, York and Normanby (the house for the Sixth Form).
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) is a British breed of toy dog of spaniel type. Four colours are recognised: Blenheim (chestnut and white), tricolour (black/white/tan), black and tan, and ruby; the coat is smooth and silky. The lifespan is usually between eight and twelve years.

The Cavalier King Charles changed dramatically in the late seventeenth century, when it was inter-bred with flat-nosed breeds. Until the 1920s, it shared the same history as the smaller King Charles Spaniel. Breeders attempted to recreate what they considered to be the original configuration – a dog resembling Charles II's spaniel of the English Civil War period, when supporters of the king were known as Cavaliers.

Toy dog
Toy dog traditionally refers to a very small dog or a grouping of small breeds of dog. A toy dog may be of any of various dog types. Types of dogs referred to as toy dogs may include spaniels,  pinschers and terriers that have been bred down in size. Not all toy dogs are lap dogs.
Lidcombe railway station
Lidcombe railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Main Suburban line, serving the Sydney suburb of Lidcombe. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 Western, T2 Leppington & Inner West, T3 Liverpool & Inner West Line, T6 Lidcombe & Bankstown Line and T7 Olympic Park Line services.

Olympic Park railway line
The Olympic Park railway line is a railway line linking the Sydney Olympic Park precinct to the Main Suburban railway line at Flemington and Lidcombe. Originally opened as the Abattoirs branch in 1911, it was rebuilt and reopened as the Olympic Park railway line in 1998. Passenger services have since been running on it as the Olympic Park Line (numbered T7, grey).
Osroene
Osroene or Osrhoene (/ɒzˈriːniː/; Ancient Greek: Ὀσροηνή) was an ancient kingdom and region in Upper Mesopotamia. The Kingdom of Osroene, also known as the "Kingdom of Edessa" (Classical Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ / "Kingdom of Urhay"), according to the name of its capital city (now Şanlıurfa, Turkey), existed from the 2nd century BC up to the 3rd century AD, and was ruled by the Nabataean Abgarid dynasty. They were generally allied with the Parthians.

Abgarid dynasty
The Abgarid dynasty was a dynasty of Nabataean origin. Members of the dynasty, the Abgarids, reigned between 134 BC and AD 242 over the city of Edessa and the Kingdom of Osroene in Upper Mesopotamia. Some members of the dynasty bore Iranian names, while others had Arabic names, including Abgar itself. J.B. Segal notes that the names ending in "-u" are "undoubtedly Nabatean". The Abgarid dynasts spoke "a form of Aramaic".

Following the Battle of Carrhae (53 BC), members of the dynasty pursued a broadly pro-Parthian policy for about two centuries. At the turn of the 2nd century AD, the Romans turned Osroene into a Roman client state. During Caracalla's reign (r. 198–217), most likely in 214, Abgar IX Severus was deposed and Osroene was incorporated as a Roman province (colonia). Thereafter, Abgarid dynasts ruled either only in name or over a limited territory of their former kingdom.
Mississippi Highway 30
Mississippi Highway 30 (MS 30) is an American state highway that runs across the North Central Hills of the Appalachian Mountains in northeast Mississippi. It travels east–west for 91.1 miles (146.6 km) from MS 7 at Oxford, Mississippi to the Natchez Trace Parkway in Mingo near the Alabama state line.

Mississippi Highway 7
Mississippi Highway 7 (MS 7) runs generally north–south from the Tennessee state line in Benton County to Belzoni, Mississippi.  It travels approximately 168 miles (270 km), serving Humphreys, Leflore, Carroll, Grenada, Yalobusha, Lafayette, Marshall, and Benton counties while serving several points of interest, including Florewood River Plantation State Park, the University of Mississippi, and Wall Doxey State Park. MS 7 runs nearly parallel to the rarely used Mississippi Central Railroad.
San Marco (Jacksonville)
San Marco is a neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida, south of Downtown across the St. Johns River. The neighborhood was formerly the independent city of South Jacksonville until it was annexed by Jacksonville in 1932. The neighborhood is primarily residential, with an integrated commercial sector known as San Marco Square.

The South Jacksonville community emerged after the American Civil War and incorporated in 1907. It saw its greatest growth after the Acosta Bridge was completed in 1921, connecting the neighborhood to Downtown Jacksonville. This period included the construction of the original San Marco development, which eventually gave its name to the area as a whole. Since the 1990s, the neighborhood has seen several historic preservation and redevelopment projects. It is home to fourteen city parks, several schools and other amenities.

Downtown Jacksonville
Downtown Jacksonville is the historic core and central business district (CBD) of Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It comprises the earliest area of the city to be developed and is located in its geographic center along the narrowing point of the St. Johns River.

Downtown Jacksonville is one of eight districts in the city. The other seven include: the Central Core (or Northbank), the Southbank, LaVilla, Brooklyn, the Working Waterfront, the Cathedral, the Church, and the Entertainment & Sports District. Downtown Jacksonville is the home to several major corporations, including CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, TIAA Bank, Black Knight Financial, Rayonier Advanced Materials, Interline Brands, Haskell, FIS, and Stein Mart.
St James's Gazette
The St James's Gazette was a London evening newspaper published from 1880 to 1905. It was founded by the Conservative Henry Hucks Gibbs, later Baron Aldenham, a director of the Bank of England 1853–1901 and its governor 1875–1877; the paper's first editor was Frederick Greenwood, previously the editor of the Conservative-leaning Pall Mall Gazette.

The St James's Gazette was bought by Edward Steinkopff, founder of the Apollinaris mineral water company, in 1888. Greenwood left, to be succeeded by Sidney Low (1888–1897), Hugh Chisholm (1897–1899) and Ronald McNeill (1900–1904). Steinkopff sold the paper to C. Arthur Pearson in 1903, who merged it with the Evening Standard in March 1905, ending the paper's daily publication.

A weekly digest of the paper, the St James's Budget, appeared from 3 July 1880 until 3 February 1911.

The Pall Mall Gazette
The Pall Mall Gazette was an evening newspaper founded in London on 7 February 1865 by George Murray Smith; its first editor was Frederick Greenwood. In 1921, The Globe merged into The Pall Mall Gazette, which itself was absorbed into The Evening Standard in 1923.

Beginning late in 1868 and continuing at least through the 1880s, a selection or digest of its contents was published as the weekly Pall Mall Budget.
Avenida del Libertador (Buenos Aires)
Avenida del Libertador is one of the principal thoroughfares in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and in points north, extending 25 km (16 mi) from the Retiro District of Buenos Aires (where it continues as Avenida Leandro N. Alem) to the northern suburb of San Fernando.

Avenida Leandro N. Alem
Avenida Leandro N. Alem is one of the principal thoroughfares in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and a commercial nerve center of the city's San Nicolás and Retiro districts. It joins Avenida del Libertador and Avenida Paseo Colón, its northern and southern continuation respectively.
Galerie Neue Meister
The Galerie Neue Meister (German pronunciation: [ɡaləˈʁiː ˈnɔʏə ˈmaɪstɐ], New Masters Gallery) in Dresden, Germany, displays around 300 paintings from the 19th century until today, including works from Otto Dix, Edgar Degas, Vincent van Gogh and Claude Monet. The gallery also exhibits a number of sculptures from the Dresden Sculpture Collection from the same period. The museum's collection grew out of the Old Masters Gallery, for which contemporary works were increasingly purchased after 1843.

The New Masters Gallery is part of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen (State Art Collections) of Dresden. It is located in the Albertinum.

Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
The Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmɛːldəɡaləˌʁiː ˈʔaltə ˈmaɪstɐ], Old Masters Gallery) in Dresden, Germany, displays around 750 paintings from the 15th to the 18th centuries. It includes major Italian Renaissance works as well as Dutch and Flemish paintings. Outstanding works by German, French, and Spanish painters of the period are also among the gallery's attractions.

The Old Masters are part of the Dresden State Art Collections. The collection is located in the Semper Gallery, the gallery wing of the Zwinger.
Mane Six
The Mane Six are the main characters of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The group consists of six pony friends: Twilight Sparkle, Applejack, Rainbow Dash, Pinkie Pie, Rarity, and Fluttershy. Created by Lauren Faust, the Mane Six were designed to represent different elements and positive aspects of friendship through the Elements of Harmony, a set of six magical artifacts used to defend Equestria against powerful threats.

The series focuses on the adventures and relationships of these six characters as they learn about friendship together. Each character was designed to represent a specific element: honesty (Applejack), kindness (Fluttershy), laughter (Pinkie Pie), generosity (Rarity), loyalty (Rainbow Dash), and magic (Twilight Sparkle). The Mane Six have been well-received by television critics and are cited as one of the main reasons the series attracted an older fanbase known as bronies.

Rainbow Dash
Rainbow Dash is a fictional character who appears in the fourth incarnation of Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline and media franchise, beginning with My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019). She is a close friend of Twilight Sparkle, serving as a core member of the group of main characters collectively known as the Mane Six. She is voiced by Ashleigh Ball, who also voices Applejack.

Rainbow Dash is depicted as an athletic, cocky, and brash anthropomorphic pegasus with a talent for speed and obsession with adventure. She works as Ponyville's weather manager and dreams of joining an elite aerial aerobatics team called the Wonderbolts. Rainbow Dash represents the Element of Loyalty in the Elements of Harmony. She lives in a cloud house above Ponyville with her pet tortoise, Tank.
Jonathan Wathen
Jonathan Wathen (c. 1728 – 1807) was an English surgeon, who specialized in diseases of the eye and practiced in London during the Georgian era. He was teacher and mentor to the ophthalmologist James Ware and Sir Wathen Waller, the oculist to George III.

James Ware (ophthalmologist)
James Ware  (1756–1815) was an English eye surgeon, and Fellow of the Royal Society, who practiced in London during the Georgian era. He is considered one of the founding fathers of modern ophthalmology in Britain.
Pulse 3
Pulse 3 (also known as Pulse 3: Invasion) is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Joel Soisson. Rider Strong and Brittany Finamore star as two people who begin chatting online in a post-apocalyptic society where technology is forbidden. It is a sequel to Pulse 2: Afterlife and the third and final installment of the Pulse trilogy.

The film was released straight-to-DVD on December 23, 2008.

Pulse 2: Afterlife
Pulse 2: Afterlife (also known on-screen as Pulse 2) is a 2008 horror film. It is a straight-to-DVD sequel to the 2006 film Pulse. The film is written and directed by Joel Soisson. It was followed by Pulse 3 (2008).
Skate or Die 2: The Search for Double Trouble
Skate or Die 2: The Search for Double Trouble is a skateboarding themed action/adventure video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The game is a sequel to Skate or Die!.

The skater seen on the cover art is Jef Whitehead, who would years later become known for being the sole member of the black metal project Leviathan.

Skate or Die!
Skate or Die! is a skateboarding video game released by Electronic Arts (EA) in 1987 for the Commodore 64. It is EA's first internally developed game. Versions for the Apple IIGS, MS-DOS, Amstrad CPC, and ZX Spectrum followed. It was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System by Konami, published under the company's Ultra Games branding.
Fran Heathcote
Fran Heathcote is a British trade unionist and the current General Secretary of the Public and Commercial Services Union (PCS), having assumed the office on 1 February 2024 following the retirement of Mark Serwotka. Heathcote has worked for the Department for Work and Pensions and its predecessor organizations for more than 30 years.

She served as the union's president until her election as General Secretary.

Mark Serwotka
Mark Henryk Serwotka  (/ˈsɛərvoʊtkə/; born 26 April 1963) is a retired trade unionist who was General Secretary of the Public and Commercial Services Union (PCS), the largest trade union representing British civil servants. He was President of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) for 2019.