hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Superior, Wisconsin
Superior is a city in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 26,751 at the 2020 census. Superior and nearby Duluth, Minnesota, sit at the western tip of Lake Superior and together form the Twin Ports, a major Great Lakes harbor.

Bordered by Saint Louis, Superior, and Allouez bays, the city is framed by two rivers: the Nemadji and the Saint Louis. Superior is at the junction of U.S. Route 2 and U.S. Route 53 immediately north of, and adjacent to, both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior. It is an industrial city, with ship harbors along two sides, several large rail yards, an oil refinery, and a shipyard. Superior and neighboring Duluth feature museum ships (SS William A. Irvin in Duluth and SS Meteor in Superior), devoted to the local maritime heritage. Superior was the final port of call for SS Edmund Fitzgerald before her sinking on November 10, 1975.

U.S. Route 2 in Wisconsin
US Highway 2 (US 2) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Everett, Washington, to St. Ignace, Michigan. In Wisconsin, the highway enters runs east–west across the northwestern part of the state and re-enters the state in the northeast part. It runs from the Richard I. Bong Memorial Bridge over the Saint Louis Bay at Superior, where it enters from Minnesota, east to the Michigan state line near Hurley. Further east, US 2 re-enters Wisconsin from Michigan in Florence County and briefly traverses that county before re-entering Michigan. US 2 is a Wisconsin Corridors 2020 Connecting route east of its concurrency with US 53. The section concurrent with US 53 is a Wisconsin Corridors 2020 Backbone route.
Jessica Rich (designer)
Jessica Rich, is an American fashion designer, fashion expert, actress and reality television star. She is best known for her women's shoe line; Transparent by Jessica Rich, which incorporates PVC design elements as the brands signature style. She was also a contestant on the hit VH1 celebreality series Real Chance of Love season 1 where she went by the nickname, Rabbit. Patti LaBelle is Rich's great-aunt.

Real Chance of Love season 1
Real Chance of Love season 1 is the first season of the VH1 reality television dating series entitled Real Chance of Love. Brothers Ahmad Givens (Real) and Kamal Givens (Chance), former contestants on I Love New York, are the central figures. The show, which premiered October 20, 2008, features seventeen female contestants taking part in various challenges in a format similar to other VH1 and MTV dating contest programs. Each week, women are eliminated until the final episode where the brothers had to make their final selections. Ultimately, Ahmad selected "Corn Fed", while Kamal did not select a winner. The series consisted of 14 episodes.
Vesa Ranta
Vesa Ranta (born 20 July 1973) is a Finnish drummer. He was one of the original members of the metal bands Sentenced and The Man-Eating Tree. He is also a fine art photographer and was owner of the Nuclear Nightclub live music club and bar in downtown Oulu. In 2024, he joined Cemetery Skyline and he produced a single called Violent Storm.

Sentenced
Sentenced was a Finnish gothic metal band that played melodic death metal in their early years. The band formed in 1989 in the town of Muhos and broke up in 2005.

Lead guitarist Miika Tenkula was the band's vocalist for the first album, but duties were shifted to bassist Taneli Jarva for the next two albums, North from Here and Amok, until his departure in 1995. Under new lead vocalist Ville Laihiala, Sentenced shifted from melodic death metal to gothic metal and enjoyed a run of commercial success in Finland, including three consecutive number-one albums. The band announced in 2005 that their eighth album The Funeral Album would be their last. The single "Ever-Frost" spent six weeks at number one in Finland and Sentenced's final show took place on 1 October in their hometown Oulu.

Tenkula died of a heart attack in 2009.
The Leaky Establishment
The Leaky Establishment is a novel by David Langford, first published in June 1984 by Frederick Muller Ltd. It was re-issued, with an introduction by Terry Pratchett, in 2001 by Big Engine, and then July 2003 by Cosmos Books. 
The book draws on some of Langford's own experiences working at the United Kingdom government's Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston, Berkshire.

David Langford
David Rowland Langford (born 10 April 1953) is a British author, editor, and critic, largely active within the science fiction field. He publishes the science-fiction fanzine and newsletter Ansible and holds the all-time record for most Hugo Awards, with a total of 29 wins.
Enemy (American band)
Enemy was an American band fronted by guitarist and vocalist Troy Van Leeuwen (also of Queens of the Stone Age), with bassist Eddie Nappi (Handsome, Mark Lanegan Band), and drummer Kelli Scott (Failure). Former Quicksand drummer Alan Cage was a founding member before being replaced by Scott. Van Leeuwen has described Enemy as his "big, dumb rock trio".

Actually it's a vehicle driven by pure and utter disgust of mediocrity and general frustration with the human condition...[a]nd by obsession with anime.--Van Leeuwen describing the band on their Myspace.com page.

Failure (band)
Failure is an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles that was active from 1990 to 1997 and again from 2014 to the present. They have released six full-length albums and five EPs.

In 2025, Chad Childers of Loudwire included the band in his list of "10 '90s Post-Grunge Bands That Should Have Been Bigger".
Kai Li
Kai Li (Chinese: 李凯; born 1954) is a Chinese-American computer scientist and professor of Princeton University. He is noted for his work on Distributed Shared Memory (DSM)  and co-founding the storage deduplication company Data Domain Inc. which was acquired by EMC Corporation in 2009.

In 2012, Li was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for advances in data storage and distributed computer systems.

Dell EMC Data Domain
Dell EMC Data Domain was Dell EMC’s data deduplication storage system. Development began with the founding of Data Domain, and continued since that company’s acquisition by EMC Corporation (and EMC’s later merger with Dell to form Dell EMC).
Union Montreal
Union Montreal (French: Union Montréal) is an inactive municipal political party in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was the governing party in the city from 2001, when it won its first election under mayor Gérald Tremblay, until 2012. The party remained the largest single party caucus in the city government until the 2013 election although it lost its majority in November 2012 due to a number of councillors quitting the party to sit as independents in the wake of Tremblay's resignation.  Since 2013, it has no longer been politically active.

2013 Montreal municipal election
Municipal elections were held in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on November 3, 2013, as part of the 2013 Quebec municipal elections. Voters elected 65 positions on the Montreal City Council, including the mayor, borough mayors, and city councillors, as well as 38 borough councillors. Denis Coderre replaced interim mayor Laurent Blanchard, who was elected to replace the previous interim mayor, Michael Applebaum, who resigned due to 14 charges laid against him including fraud, conspiracy, breach of trust, and corruption in municipal affairs. Previous elected mayor Gérald Tremblay left office on November 5, 2012, after his party Union Montréal was suspected of corruption and mafia involvement. On July 2, 2013, Louise Harel, leader of the opposition Vision Montréal, announced she would not be running for mayor, instead supporting Marcel Côté.
BC Juventus
BC Juventus (Lithuanian: Krepšinio klubas Juventus), commonly known as Juventus Utena is a Lithuanian professional basketball club based in Utena, Lithuania. Founded in 1999, the club currently plays in the Lithuanian Basketball League.

Utena, Lithuania
Utena (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in north-east Lithuania. It is the administrative center of Utena district and Utena County. Utena is one of the oldest settlements of Lithuania. The name of the city is most probably derived from a hydronym. The name of the settlement has been known since 1261.

Utena is an industrial city. It is known for its clothing, food and beverage factories. In recent years, however, streets, public squares and large areas of the parks in the city were reconstructed and Utena is now more attractive for recreation and tourism.

The anniversary of Utena City had been held each year on the last weekend of September. Since 2013 the anniversary has been held on the first weekend of September to take advantage of better weather conditions.
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, KG (28 April 1801 – 1 October 1885), styled Lord Ashley from 1811 to 1851, was a British Tory politician, philanthropist, and social reformer. He was the eldest son of the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury and Lady Anne Spencer (daughter of the 4th Duke of Marlborough), and elder brother of Henry Ashley, MP. A social reformer who was called the "Poor Man's Earl", he campaigned for better working conditions, reform to lunacy laws, education and the limitation of child labour. He was also an early supporter of the Zionist movement and the YMCA and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the Church of England.

Evangelical Anglicanism
Evangelical Anglicanism or Evangelical Episcopalianism is a tradition or church party within Anglicanism that shares affinity with broader evangelicalism. Evangelical Anglicans share with other evangelicals the attributes of "conversionism, activism, biblicism and crucicentrism" identified by historian David Bebbington as central to evangelical identity. The emergence of evangelical churchmanship can be traced back to the First Great Awakening in America and the Evangelical Revival in Britain in the 18th century. In the 20th century, prominent figures have included John Stott and J. I. Packer.

In contrast to the high-church party, evangelicals emphasize experiential religion of the heart over the importance of liturgical forms. As a result, evangelicals are often described as being low church, but these terms are not always interchangeable because low church can also describe individuals or groups that are not evangelical.
Guarany Futebol Clube
Guarany Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Guarany de Bagé, is a Brazilian football club based in Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul. It currently plays in Campeonato Gaúcho Série A, the top tier of the Rio Grande do Sul state football league, and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. Guarany is one of the oldest and most traditional football clubs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, as the oldest club there, Sport Club Rio Grande, was founded in 1900, seven years before Guarany was.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
In medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, also GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors, is a class of antiplatelet agents.

Several GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors exist:

abciximab (abcixifiban) (ReoPro)

eptifibatide (Integrilin)

tirofiban (Aggrastat)

roxifiban

orbofiban

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
In biochemistry and medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa, also known as integrin αIIbβ3) is an integrin complex found on platelets. It is a transmembrane receptor for fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, and aids platelet activation. The complex is formed via calcium-dependent association of gpIIb and gpIIIa, a required step in normal platelet aggregation and endothelial adherence. Platelet activation by ADP (blocked by clopidogrel) leads to the aforementioned conformational change in platelet gpIIb/IIIa receptors that induces binding to fibrinogen. The gpIIb/IIIa receptor is a target of several drugs including abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban.
Amr ibn Khalid
Amr ibn Khalid al-Bariqi al-Azdi(Arabic: عمرو بن خالد;  died 680) was one of the Companions of Husayn ibn Ali, who was martyred along with him in the battle of Karbala. Amr ibn Khalid joined Husayn ibn Ali in Karbala and fought alongside him.  He belonged to bariq of Banu Azd tribe. His son Khalid was amongst Martyrs of Karbala.

Azd
The Azd (Arabic: أَزْد), or Al-Azd (Arabic: ٱلْأَزْد), is an ancient Arabian tribe originating from South Arabia. The lands of Azd occupied an area west of Bisha and Al Bahah in what is today Saudi Arabia.
Corwen railway station
Corwen railway station refers to two stations, on different sites, which have existed in the town of Corwen in Denbighshire, Wales.

The first was on the Ruabon to Barmouth Line. It was opened in 1865 and closed in 1964. The second is located on the preserved Llangollen Railway and was opened in 2023.

Llangollen Railway
The Llangollen Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Llangollen) is a volunteer-run heritage railway in Denbighshire, North Wales, which operates between Llangollen and Corwen. The standard gauge line, which is 10 miles (16 km) long, runs on part of the former Ruabon – Barmouth GWR route that closed in 1965. It operates daily services in the summer as well as weekends throughout the winter months, using a variety of mainly ex-GWR steam locomotives as well as several diesel engines and diesel multiple units.
A 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) extension of the railway has been built to complete the line to Corwen.

In March 2021, the railway company announced that, having made a loss in three consecutive years, they had invited their bank to appoint receivers. Operation of the railway was handed over to the Llangollen Railway Trust, and the line reopened July 2021.
Lawshall
Lawshall is a village and civil parish in Suffolk, England. Located around a mile off the A134 between Bury St Edmunds and Sudbury, it is part of Babergh district. The parish has nine settlements comprising the three main settlements of The Street, Lambs Lane and Bury Road along with the six small hamlets of Audley End, Hanningfield Green, Harrow Green, Hart's Green, Hibb's Green and Lawshall Green.

Notable buildings in the parish include All Saints Church and Lawshall Hall. In addition Coldham Hall is very close to the village and part of the grounds of the estate are located within the parish.  Other important features include Frithy Wood, which is classified as Ancient Woodland and a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and The Warbanks historical site.

Hart's Green
Hart's Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Lawshall in the Babergh District in the county of Suffolk, England. It is located between Stanningfield and Hanningfield Green and is just over a mile off the A134 between Bury St Edmunds and Sudbury. The road that serves Hart's Green is known as Donkey Lane.
Bambara language
Bambara, also known as Malian, Bamana (N'Ko script: ߓߡߊߣߊ߲) or Bamanankan (N'Ko script: ߓߡߊߣߊ߲ߞߊ߲; Arabic script: بَمَنَنكَن), is a lingua franca and national language of Mali spoken by perhaps 14 million people, natively by 4.2 million Bambara people and about 10 million second-language users. It is estimated that about 80 percent of the population of Mali speak Bambara as a first or second language. It has a subject–object–verb clause structure and two lexical tones.

N'Ko script
N'Ko (ߒߞߏ), also spelled Nko, is an alphabetic script devised by Solomana Kanté in 1949, as a modern writing system for the Manding languages of West Africa. The term Nko, which means I say in all Manding languages, is also used for the Manding literary standard written in the Nko script.

The script has a few similarities to the Arabic script, notably its direction (right-to-left) and the letters that are connected at the base. Unlike Arabic, it is obligatory to mark both tone and vowels. Nko tones are marked as diacritics.
FGF15/19
FGF15/19 refers to two orthologous fibroblast growth factors which share 50% amino acid identity and have similar functions.  
FGF15 was described in the mouse; FGF19 was found in humans and other species.  They share physiological functions and so are often referred to as FGF15/19 or as FGF15/FGF19.

They were first described in developing fetal brain.  They are now known to be produced in the ileum, and under certain circumstances in the liver and biliary tree.  It is thought their principal function is in response to bile acid absorption occurring after meals.

FGF15 and FGF19 have similar roles in regulating bile acid synthesis and also glucose metabolism in the liver.

Bile acid
Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver in peroxisomes. Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts.

Primary bile acids are those synthesized by the liver. Secondary bile acids result from bacterial actions in the colon. In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid (derivatives of cholic acid) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid) are the major bile salts. The salts of their 7-alpha-dehydroxylated derivatives, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, are also found, with derivatives of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids accounting for over 90% of human biliary bile acids.
Mark the Evangelist
Mark the Evangelist (Koinē Greek: Μᾶρκος, romanized: Mârkos), also known as John Mark (Koinē Greek: Ἰωάννης Μᾶρκος, romanized: Iōánnēs Mârkos; Aramaic: ܝܘܚܢܢ, romanized: Yōḥannān) or Saint Mark, was a Libyan who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark. Most modern scholars agree that the gospel of Mark is anonymous, though the topic remains contentious among experts. Scholarship is inconclusive on authorship; some reject the attribution to Mark while others debate the identity of Mark. According to Church tradition, Mark founded the episcopal see of Alexandria, which was one of the five most important sees of early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.

Church of Alexandria
The Church of Alexandria in Egypt was the Christian Church headed by the patriarch of Alexandria. It was one of the five sees of the pentarchy, alongside Rome, Antioch, Constantinople and Jerusalem.

Tradition holds that Saint Mark the Evangelist founded the Church of Alexandria c. 49 AD. Alexandrian Christianity greatly influenced the early Church in much of Africa.
Alexandria claims jurisdiction over all Christians on the African continent.

Today, three churches claim to be direct heirs of the original Church of Alexandria:

The Coptic Orthodox Church (Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria), an Oriental Orthodox church

The Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria (Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa), part of the wider Eastern Orthodox Church

The Coptic Catholic Church, one of 23 Eastern Catholic churches in full communion with the Catholic Church led by the Bishop of Rome

Formerly the Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria also did so.
Bhabar
Bhabar or Bhabhar is a region south of the Lower Himalayas and the Sivalik Hills in Garhwal and Kumaon, India. The Bhabhar region contains some of the largest cities of Kumaon and Garhwal: Dehradun, Haridwar, Haldwani, Rishikesh, Ramnagar, Tanakpur and Kotdwar. It is the alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Sivaliks along the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

The Indo-Gangetic Plains are generally thought of as a flat region with no variations, although this is not true. The plains can be classified into four regions on the basis of relief features. The Bhabar is a belt of 8–16 km lying parallel to the slopes of the Sivaliks, where the river descending from the mountains deposit pebbles. The streams flow through the pebbles the region, hence disappearing from sight. They re-emerge only after some distance south, in the relief feature Terai.

Terai
The Terai or Tarai is a lowland region in parts of southern Nepal and northern India that lies to the south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas, the Sivalik Hills and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. 
This region is characterised by tall grasslands, scrub savannah, sal forests and clay rich swamps. In North India, the Terai spreads from the Yamuna River eastward across Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. The Terai is part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion.
Nepal's Terai stretches over 33,998.8 km2 (13,127.0 sq mi), about 23.1% of Nepal's land area, and lies at an elevation of between 67 and 300 m (220 and 984 ft). The region comprises more than 50 wetlands. North of the Terai rises the Bhabar, a narrow but continuous belt of forest about 8–12 km (5.0–7.5 mi) wide.
Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky
The lieutenant governor of Kentucky was created under the state's second constitution, which was ratified in 1799. The inaugural officeholder was Alexander Scott Bullitt, who took office in 1800 following his election to serve under James Garrard in 1799. The lieutenant governor becomes governor of Kentucky under circumstances similar to those under which the vice president of the United States assumes the presidency. The current lieutenant governor is Democrat Jacqueline Coleman, who has been office since December 10, 2019.

Constitution of Kentucky
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Kentucky is the document that governs the Commonwealth of Kentucky. It was first adopted in 1792 and has since been rewritten three times and amended many more. The later versions were adopted in 1799, 1850, and 1891.
Ninja (militia)
The Ninjas were a militia in the Republic of the Congo, which participated in numerous wars and insurgencies in the 1990s and 2000s. The Ninjas were formed by the politician Bernard Kolélas in the early 1990s and were commanded by Frédéric Bintsamou, alias Pastor Ntoumi, when Kolélas was in exile.

The militia fought the supporters of President Pascal Lissouba in the 1993–94 Civil War. In the 1997–99 Civil War, they allied with Lissouba's forces against the supporters of former President Denis Sassou Nguesso. After Sassou Nguesso's victory in this Civil War, Ntoumi's Ninjas fought an insurgency against his government in the Pool Department. The conflict in the Pool escalated in a series of violent clashes in 2002-03, after which the Ninja leadership eventually gave up their armed struggle. Ntoumi announced the disbanding of the Ninjas in 2008 but they resurfaced in 2016, starting the Pool War.

Frédéric Bintsamou
Frédéric Ntumi Bintsamou (born 29 August 1964), also known as Pastor Ntumi, is a Congolese Protestant clergyman and former warlord. He was the leader of the "semi-religious" rebel group the Ninjas, which led a civil war in Congo-Brazzaville.