hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chairperson of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council
The Chairperson of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council presides over the upper house of the Andhra Pradesh Legislature. The Chairperson regulates the debates and proceedings of the House.

The office was in existence from 1958 to 1985 and again from 2007 when the Andhra Pradesh Sasana Mandali has been reconstituted.

As of 19 November 2021, the elected Chairperson of the council is Koyye Moshenu Raju.

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council
The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council (Telugu: ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ శాసన మండలి, ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Maṇḍali) is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh. It is situated in the state capital of Amaravati comprising a total of 58 seats. The Sasana Mandali has been in existence in two spells: from 1958 to 1985, and from 2007 continuing till today.
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.

Hard water
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.

Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits. It can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water.

In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.
Family Dining Room
State Floor of the White House, showing the location of the Family Dining Room.The redecorated Family Dining Room in February 2015.

The Family Dining Room is a dining room located on the State Floor of the White House, the official residence of the president of the United States. The room is used for smaller, more private meals than those served in the State Dining Room. Used in the 1800s as a space for the First Family to have their meals, the Family Dining Room was used less for family meals and more for working lunches and small dinners in the 20th and 21st centuries. (Family dinners are now more often served on the Second Floor in the President's Dining Room.)

President's Dining Room
The President's Dining Room is a dining room located in the northwest corner of the second floor of the White House. It is located directly above the Family Dining Room on the State Floor and looks out upon the North Lawn. The Dining Room is adjacent to the Family Kitchen, a small kitchen designed for use by the First Family, and served by a dumbwaiter connected to the main kitchen on the ground floor.

Beginning in the 19th century the space was occupied by a bedroom suite known as the Prince of Wales Room, named for an 1860 stay by the then-Prince of Wales, Albert Edward. From 1929 to 1948, this suite was known as the Lincoln Bedroom, with furnishings acquired by First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln (the current Lincoln Bedroom is now down the hall, in what was Lincoln's office suite). The bedroom suite was structurally changed in 1961 to create a dining room and kitchen in the First Family's residence.
2011 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 2011 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 2011, to elect the governor of Kentucky and the lieutenant governor of Kentucky. Incumbent Democrat Steve Beshear won re-election, defeating Republican challenger David L. Williams, then the president of the state senate, and Gatewood Galbraith, an independent candidate. Statewide turnout in this election was 28%.

This was one of the two Democratic-held governorships up for election in a state that John McCain won in the 2008 presidential election, the other being West Virginia.

David L. Williams (politician)
David Lewis Williams (born May 28, 1953) is an American attorney, Republican politician, and a judge from the U.S. state of Kentucky. From the year 1987 to 2012, Williams represented Senate District 16, a position he secured upon the retirement of fellow Republican  Doug Moseley. When Republicans gained control of the state senate in 2000, Williams was chosen as President of the Senate, and held that post continuously until his resignation in November 2012. In 1992, he ran for the United States Senate and lost. In 2010, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for governor in the 2011 gubernatorial election. On May 17, 2011, Williams secured the Republican nomination over Tea Party movement-backed Phil Moffet. However, he lost the general election by twenty points to incumbent Democratic governor Steve Beshear. In November 2012, Williams resigned his Senate seat to accept a circuit court judgeship.
Bala Murghab District
Bala Murghab (Pashto and Dari: بالامرغاب) is a district situated in the northeast of Badghis Province, Afghanistan. The district capital is Bala Murghab city which is located along the Murghab River. Bala Murghab is surrounded by some other important districts such as Ab Kamari, Muqur, Jawand, and Qadis.

Qadis District
The Qadis District is located in the southern part of Badghis province, Afghanistan, between the districts Jawand in the east, Qala i Naw in the west, Muqur and Bala Murghab in the north. In the south is the Herat province. The capital is Qadis.

The Firozkhoi tribe of the Aimaq people once occupied the area.

Qadis was also the epicentre of the 2022 Afghanistan earthquake, which killed 28 people.
Stigma (ligature)
Stigma (ϛ) is a ligature of the Greek letters sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ), which was used in writing Greek between the Middle Ages and the 19th century. It is also used as a numeral symbol for the number 6. In this unrelated function, it is a continuation of the old letter digamma (originally Ϝ, cursive form ), which had served as a numeral since antiquity and was conflated with the σ-τ ligature in the minuscule handwriting of the Middle Ages.

Sigma
Sigma (/ˈsɪɡmə/ ⓘ SIG-mə; uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; Ancient Greek: σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. When used at the end of a letter-case word (one that does not use all caps), the final form (ς) is used. In Ὀδυσσεύς (Odysseus), for example, the two lowercase sigmas (σ) in the center of the name are distinct from the word-final sigma (ς) at the end.

In the system of Greek numerals, sigma has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation. The Latin letter S derives from sigma while the Cyrillic letter Es (С) derives from a lunate form of this letter.
King Square, Bridgwater
King Square in Bridgwater within the English county of Somerset was laid out with large Georgian houses between 1770 and 1800 on the site of Bridgwater Castle. It is also the site of the Bridgwater War Memorial

Bridgwater Castle
Bridgwater Castle was a castle in the town of Bridgwater, Somerset, England.

The stone castle was built around 1220 and contributed to the development of the town. It was surrounded by a moat and included a watergate giving access to the quay. In the 13th and 14th centuries the castle was involved in the Second Barons' War and Despenser War.

It then fell into ruin and parts were demolished in the first half of the 17th century and a new house built. Some of the walls survived and it played a minor role in the English Civil War and Monmouth Rebellion. In the later 17th and early 18th centuries many of the remaining buildings were demolished and new residential and industrial buildings constructed, giving its name to Castle Street. The watergate and some sections of wall survive.
WTVS
WTVS (channel 56) is a PBS member television station in Detroit, Michigan, United States, owned by Detroit Public Media. Its main studios are located at the Riley Broadcast Center and HD Studios on Clover Court in Wixom, with an additional studio at the Maccabees Building on the campus of Wayne State University on Woodward Avenue in Midtown Detroit. The station's transmitter is located at 8 Mile and Meyers Road in Oak Park (on a tower shared with independent station WMYD, channel 20, and CBS owned-and-operated station WWJ-TV, channel 62). Detroit Public Media partners with the Stanley and Judith Frankel Family Foundation in the management of classical and jazz music station WRCJ-FM (90.9).

WRCJ-FM
WRCJ-FM (90.9 MHz) is a non-commercial radio station in Detroit, Michigan, broadcasting classical music and jazz. The license is held by the Detroit Classical and Jazz Educational Radio LLC, which is owned by the Stanley and Judith Frankel Family Foundation. The station is operated by Detroit Public Media, which owns PBS-member station WTVS (channel 56). It uses the slogan "Classical Days and Jazzy Nights." The studios are in the Detroit School of Arts and the offices are on Clover Court in Wixom, Michigan.

WRCJ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 22,500 watts. It transmits from a tower at 710 feet (220 meters) height above average terrain (HAAT) near the corner of Eight Mile and Meyers roads in Oak Park, shared with other Detroit FM and TV stations, including WTVS, WMYD, and WWJ-TV.
Maura Tierney
Maura Lynn Tierney (born February 3, 1965) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Lisa Miller on the sitcom NewsRadio (1995–1999), Abby Lockhart on the medical drama ER (1999–2009), and Helen Solloway on the mystery drama The Affair (2014–2019), the last of which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television.

Tierney has also appeared in numerous films, including Primal Fear (1996), Liar Liar (1997), Primary Colors (1998), Insomnia (2002), The Iron Claw (2023), and Twisters (2024).

Abby Lockhart
Abigail Marjorie "Abby" Lockhart, M.D. (née Wyczenski) is a fictional character from the NBC medical drama series ER, portrayed by Maura Tierney. She first appears as a guest star in the first half of the sixth season, before becoming a main character later that season, appearing until the beginning of the fifteenth season. Tierney returned to make one final guest appearance later in season fifteen.
Paite people
The Paite people
are an ethnic group in Northeast India, mainly living in Manipur and Mizoram. The Paites are recognized as a scheduled tribe in these two states. They are part of the Zo people,
but prefer to use the Zomi identity.
"Guite" is a major clan of the Paite people.

Zomi people
Zomi is a collective identity adopted by some of the Kuki-Chin language-speaking people in India and Myanmar. The term means "Zo people". The groups adopting the Zomi identity reject the conventional labels "Kuki" and "Chin", popularised during the British Raj, as colonial impositions. Even though "Zomi" was originally coined as an all-encompassing identity of the Kuki-Chin-speaking people, in practice, it has proved to be divisive, with considerable number of groups continuing to use the traditional labels "Kuki" and "Chin" and only certain sections adopting the Zomi identity. The groups covered in the identity has varied with time. Compound names such as "Kuki-Zo" and "Zomi Chin" are sometimes used to paper over the divisions.
2017 WTA Finals
The 2017 WTA Finals was a women's tennis tournament held in Kallang, Singapore. It was the 47th edition of the singles event and the 42nd edition of the doubles competition. The tournament was contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams. The tournament was contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams. The tournament was the year-end final of the 2017 WTA Tour. It was the final professional tournament for top-ranked doubles player and former top-ranked singles player Martina Hingis. Sixth-seeded Caroline Wozniacki won the singles title.

2017 WTA Tour
The 2017 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2017 tennis season. The 2017 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
45,X/46,XY mosaicism
45,X/46,XY mosaicism, also known as X0/XY mosaicism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis, is a mutation of sex development in humans associated with sex chromosome aneuploidy and mosaicism of the Y chromosome. It is a fairly rare chromosomal disorder at birth, with an estimated incidence rate of about 1 in 15,000 live births.  Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome in previously non-mosaic men grows increasingly common with age.

The clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from partial virilisation and ambiguous genitalia at birth, to patients with completely male or female gonads. Most individuals with this karyotype have apparently normal male genitalia, and a minority have female genitalia, with a significant number of individuals showing genital abnormalities or mixed sex  characteristics. A significantly higher than average number of other developmental abnormalities are also found in individuals with X0/XY mosaicism. Psychomotor development is normal.

Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.
Dudley Kingswinford RFC
Dudley Kingswinford Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union football club based in Kingswinford in the West Midlands. The club currently participate in the fifth tier of English club rugby,  Regional 1 Midlands, following their relegation from National League 2 West in 2023–24. The club run seven senior sides, a ladies team and a full range of junior sides.

Regional 1 Midlands
Regional 1 Midlands (until 2021–22 known as Midlands Premier and up until 2016–17 known as National League 3 Midlands) is a level five semi-professional league in the English rugby union system. It is one of six leagues at this level. When this division began in 1987 it was known as Midlands Division 1. The format of the league was changed at the beginning of the 2009–10 season following a reorganisation by the Rugby Football Union (RFU), and the name change from National League 3 to Premier was introduced for the 2017–18 season by the RFU in order to lessen confusion for what is a series of regional leagues. Regional 1 Midlands is the highest regional rugby union league in the English Midlands.

Syston are the current champions and are promoted to National League 2 West.
Nanchang Q-5
The Nanchang Q-5 (Chinese: 强-5; pinyin: Qiang-5; NATO reporting name: Fantan), also known as the A-5 in its export versions, is a 1960s-design Chinese-built single-seat, twin jet engine ground-attack aircraft based on the Shenyang J-6. The aircraft is primarily used for close air support.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-19; NATO reporting name: Farmer) is a Soviet second generation, single-seat, twinjet fighter aircraft. It was the first Soviet production aircraft capable of supersonic speeds in level flight. A comparable U.S. "Century Series" fighter was the North American F-100 Super Sabre, although the MiG-19 primarily fought against the more modern McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II and Republic F-105 Thunderchief over North Vietnam. This aircraft was originally used by the Soviet Union but it was later used by the People's Liberation Army Air Force of China.
Kambilan
Kapanalig at Kambilan ning Memalen Pampanga (transl. Ally and Shield of the People of Pampanga) or Kambilan is a local provincial-based political party in Pampanga. Established in 2012 by then-Governor Lilia Pineda, the party aims to consolidate local political allies and strengthen regional governance.

The party is headed by incumbent Pampanga Vice Governor Dennis Pineda. It is the ruling political group in Pampanga, with almost all its elected officials under it.

Lilia Pineda
Lilia Garcia Pineda (born Lilia Paule Garcia; February 20, 1951), also known as Nanay Baby, is a Filipina politician who is the incumbent governor of Pampanga, previously serving from 2010 to 2019. She also served as Vice Governor of Pampanga under her son Dennis Pineda from 2019 to 2025. and as Mayor of Lubao from 1992 until 2001. Pineda was a close ally of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo during the latter's presidency from 2001 to 2010.

She established the local party, Kapanalig at Kambilan ning Memalen Pampanga (Kambilan) in 2012.
Stathelle
Stathelleⓘ is a town in Bamble Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The town is located at the confluence of the Frierfjorden, Eidangerfjord, and Langesundsfjorden. The town of Brevik lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) across the fjord and the town of Langesund lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the southeast. Stathelle Church is located in the town.

For a long time, Stathelle and neighboring Langesund have been grouped together as part of the Porsgrunn/Skien metropolitan area and because of this, the population and area data for this town has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway. What is tracked, is the portion of the metropolitan area located in Bamble Municipality. In 2022, the Langesund/Stathelle area in Bamble measured 6.34 square kilometres (1,570 acres) and together they had a population of 10,276 with a population density of 1,622 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,200/sq mi).

Stathelle Church
Stathelle Church (Norwegian: Stathelle kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bamble Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the town of Stathelle. It is the church for the Stathelle parish which is part of the Bamble prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white and gray, brick church was built in a rectangular design in 1964 using plans drawn up by the architect Bjørn Ljungberg. The church seats about 260 people.
Albert D'Oench
Albert F. D'Oench (December 25, 1852 – July 20, 1918) was an architect of office buildings and Superintendent of Buildings in New York City. During his career, he had two partnerships, first D'Oench and Simon with Bernhard Simon.  Later in his career, he partnered with Joseph W. Yost to form D'Oench & Yost, which designed large office buildings and insurance company buildings.

Joseph W. Yost
Joseph Warren Yost (1847 – November 2, 1923) was a prominent architect from Ohio whose works included many courthouses and other public buildings.  Some of his most productive years were spent as a member of the Yost and Packard partnership with Frank Packard. Later in his career, he joined Albert D'Oench at the New York City based firm D'Oench & Yost. A number of his works are listed for their architecture in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
Daily Monitor
The Daily Monitor is an independent daily newspaper in Uganda. Launched in 1992 as The Monitor, it established itself as a leading voice critical of the government and is one of the two largest national newspapers, alongside the state-owned New Vision.

The paper is published by Monitor Publications Limited, which is majority-owned by the Nairobi-based Nation Media Group (NMG).

Nation Media Group
Nation Media Group (NMG), formerly known as East African Newspapers (Nation Series) Ltd, is an East African media group based in Kenya and listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange. It is owned by Aga Khan IV.
Old South Meeting House
The Old South Meeting House is a historic Congregational church building located at the corner of Milk and Washington Streets in the Downtown Crossing area of Boston, Massachusetts, built in 1729. It gained fame as the organizing point for the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773. Approximately 5,000 to 7,000 gathered at the Meeting House, the largest building in Boston at the time.

Old South Church
Old South Church (also known as New Old South Church or Third Church), is a historic United Church of Christ congregation in Boston, Massachusetts, first organized in 1669. Its present building at 645 Boylston Street in Copley Square, built on newly filled land in the Back Bay section of Boston, was completed in 1873. It was designed in the Gothic Revival style by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears, while the campanile was designed by the architects Allen & Collens and added between 1935 and 1937. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architectural significance as one of the finest High Victorian Gothic churches in New England. It is home to one of the oldest religious communities in the United States.
Treaty of 1677
The Treaty of 1677 (also known as the Treaty Between Virginia And The Indians 1677 or Treaty of Middle Plantation) was signed in Virginia on May 28, 1677, between the English Crown and representatives from Native American tribes in Virginia, including the Nottoway, the Appomattoc, the Wayonaoake, the Nansemond, the Nanzatico, the Monacan, the Saponi, and the Meherrin following the end of Bacon's Rebellion.

The treaty designated those that signed as "tributary tribes", which signified that they were guaranteed control over their traditional homelands, hunting and fishing rights, the right to keep and bear arms, and other rights so long as they maintained their loyalty towards the English Crown.

The twenty-one articles of the treaty were confirmed when the English sent gifts to the chiefs along with various badges of authority.

The Queen of Pamunkey, known as Cockacoeske to the English, received a red velvet cap which was fastened with a silver frontlet and silver chains.

Appomattoc
The Appomattoc (also spelled Appamatuck, Apamatic, and numerous other variants) were a historic tribe of Virginia Indians speaking an Algonquian language, and residing along the lower Appomattox River, in the area of what is now Petersburg, Colonial Heights, Chesterfield and Dinwiddie Counties in present-day southeast Virginia.

The Appomattoc were affiliated with the estimated 30 tribes of the Powhatan Confederacy, who controlled the area then known as Tenakomakah, present-day Tidewater Virginia. According to William Strachey, the Appomattoc were one of four subtribes within the original inheritance of Chief Powhatan, before he incorporated the other tribes into his Confederacy, and were said to be closely connected with the Powhatan royal line.
Jiang Shen
Jiang Shen (蔣伸) (799–881), courtesy name Dazhi (大直), formally the Duke of Le'an (樂安公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xuānzong and Emperor Yizong.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.