hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Usaha Tegas
Usaha Tegas Sdn. Bhd. is a Malaysian investment holding company founded by businessman Ananda Krishnan. Its principal investments include telecommunications, media, property, and oil & gas companies. Through itself or its subsidiaries, it holds significant interests in the public-listed entities Maxis Berhad, Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad, and Bumi Armada Berhad.

The company was founded in 1984 by Ananda and is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur.

Bumi Armada
Bumi Armada Berhad is an oilfield services company which provides marine transportation, engineering and maintenance services to the offshore oil and gas industry. It is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and has operations in Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Africa, Central Africa, Europe, South America and the Caspian Sea region. It is the world's fifth largest floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) provider with six vessels.

Bumi Armada's operations are divided into two businesses: Floating Production & Operations (FPO) and Offshore Marine Services (OMS), (encompassing Offshore Support Vessels (OSV) and the Subsea Construction (SC) services).

The company was incorporated as a public limited company in 1995 and it is part of Ananda Krishnan's Usaha Tegas group. Its shares are listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad.
Carlo Maria Bascapè
Carlo Maria Bascapè CRSP (Latin: Carolus a Basilica Petri; born Giovanni Francesco Bascapè, 25 October 1550 – 6 October 1615) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and scholar who served as Bishop of Novara from 1593 until his death. He was a close friend of Saint Charles Borromeo and assumed the first half of his religious name in honor of him.

Bascapè became titled as Venerable on 19 December 2005 - on the road to possible sainthood - after Pope Benedict XVI confirmed his heroic virtue.

Barnabites
The Barnabites (Latin: Barnabitum), officially named as the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (Latin: Clerici Regulares Sancti Pauli), are a religious order of clerics regular founded in 1530 in the Catholic Church. They are associated with the Angelic Sisters of Saint Paul and the members of the Barnabite lay movement.
Baltusrol Golf Club
The Baltusrol Golf Club is a private 36-hole golf club in Springfield, New Jersey, United States, about twenty miles (30 km) west of New York City. It was founded 131 years ago in 1895 by Louis Keller.

In 1985, Baltusrol became the first club to have hosted both the U.S. Open and Women's U.S. Open on two different courses. Both courses were originally designed by A. W. Tillinghast in 1918. The club has been the site of seven U.S. Opens and two PGA Championships.

In 2005, the club was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  In 2014, it was further designated a National Historic Landmark in recognition of its importance to Tillinghast's career as a course designer.

U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.
Farrah Forke
Farrah Rachael Forke (January 12, 1968 – February 25, 2022) was an American actress best known for her roles as Alex Lambert on the NBC sitcom Wings and Mayson Drake on Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman. She also voiced the character Big Barda on the animated television series Batman Beyond and Justice League Unlimited, starred as Carey on the short-lived cult sitcom Dweebs, Nikki Harkin on Mr. Rhodes, Carol Ashby in the pilot episode of the 90's remake of Fantasy Island, and appeared in several made-for-TV movies such as Nurses on the Line (1993), Journey to the Center of the Earth (1993), Bionic Ever After? (1994), and theatrical movies like Disclosure (1994) and Heat (1995).

Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman is an American superhero television series based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. It stars Dean Cain as Clark Kent / Superman and Teri Hatcher as Lois Lane. The series aired on ABC from September 12, 1993, to June 14, 1997.

Developed for television by Deborah Joy LeVine, the series loosely followed the modern origin of Superman, established by writer John Byrne, in which Clark Kent is the true personality and Superman a disguise. The series focuses on the relationship and romance between Lois and Clark as much as the adventures of Clark's alter ego, Superman.
Tullia Zevi
Tullia Zevi (née Calabi; 2 February 1919 – 22 January 2011) was an Italian journalist and writer.  Zevi's family fled Italy to France and then to the US after the rise of fascism in the 1930s. While in New York City, she married Bruno Zevi.  She returned to Europe in 1946, and was one of the few women journalists to report the Nuremberg Trials. On her return to Italy, she played a major role in Interfaith dialog, and was active in Italian Centre-left politics.  Zevi was president of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities from 1983 to 1998.

Bruno Zevi
Bruno Zevi (22 January 1918 – 9 January 2000) was an Italian architect, historian, professor, curator, author, and editor. Zevi was a vocal critic of "classicising" modern architecture and postmodernism.
Stadion Beroe
Stadion Beroe (Bulgarian: Стадион „Бeрое“, English: 'Beroe Stadium') (also nicknamed The Temple) is a multi-purpose stadium in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. It is located in the north-western part of the city, near the park Ayazmoto. Currently, the venue is used for football matches and athletic competitions and is also the home ground of the local football club PFC Beroe Stara Zagora. The stadium has a seating capacity of 12,128 spectators and it was officially inaugurated on April 4, 1959.

The stadium's athletic lane meets all of the IAAF requirements to host international competitions.

In October 2011, a new floodlight system and a new scoreboard were installed.

The record attendance of the stadium is 42,000 and it was achieved in an A Group match between Beroe and Levski Sofia in 1972.

PFC Beroe Stara Zagora
Professional Football Club Beroe Stara Zagora, better known as just Beroe (Bulgarian: Берое), is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Stara Zagora, that competes in the First League, the top division of the Bulgarian football league system. The club was founded in 1916 under the name Vereya. The club's colours are green and white.

Since then the home ground of Beroe has been the homonymous Stadion Beroe in Stara Zagora with a seating capacity of 12,128. Beroe were the 1986 champions of Bulgaria and they also won the Bulgarian Cup twice in 2010 and 2013. In terms of international achievements, Beroe hold the record for Balkans Cups titles, having won the tournament four times. The club's most noted and successful player is Petko Petkov, 2 times A Group Top Scorer: 1974 (with 20 goals) and 1976 (with 19 goals).
Kandhanathaswamy thirukovil
Kandhanathaswamy temple, also known as Adhi Swaminathaswamy Thirukovil, is a temple located in the village of Eragaram near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu. This temple is a Sivan temple although it has Murugan as the primary deity. This temple is older than the Swaminatha Swamy Temple.

Eraharam
Eraharam is a village in Kumbakonam taluk, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. It is locally known as Eragaram. It has an old Murugan temple known as Kandhanathaswamy thirukovil. The residents' main occupations are agriculture and fishing.

The water resources are ground water, tap water, canal water and water from Chakara Pond. There is a bus stop, but few road connections to the village. The population of the village shrank from 1930 (2001 census) to 1222 in the 2011 census. In the 2001 census, Eraharam had 924 males and 1006 females. The sex ratio was 1089 and the literacy rate, 70.16.
In this village there are many temples too. Some of them are:

Unnathapureshwarar kovil

Kandhanathaswamy thirukovil

Eraharam Bala Sastha Aalayam
Karim Wade
Karim Meïssa Wade (born 1 September 1968) is a Senegalese-French politician who served in the government of Senegal as Minister of State for International Cooperation, Regional Development, Air Transport, and Infrastructure from May 2009 to April 2012. He is the son of Abdoulaye Wade, who was President of Senegal from 2000 to 2012. Before joining the government, Karim Wade was President of the National Agency for the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (Agence Nationale de l'Organisation de la Conférence Islamique, ANOCI) and served as an advisor to his father. He was widely seen as a possible successor to his father as president, and his father was widely believed to be grooming him for the position.

Abdoulaye Wade
Abdoulaye Wade (French pronunciation: [abdulaj wad], Wolof: Abdulaay Wàdd; born 29 May 1926) is a Senegalese politician who served as the third president of Senegal from 2000 to 2012. He is also the Secretary-General of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), having led the party since it was founded in 1974. Assuming office at 73, Wade was the oldest person to occupy the post.

A long-time opposition leader, he ran for president four times, beginning in 1978, before he was finally elected in the year 2000. He won re-election in 2007 with a majority in the first round, but was defeated in the second round in 2012 in a controversial bid for a third term. Wade also holds French citizenship.
Osiris Rising
Osiris Rising: A Novel of Africa Past, Present and Future is a novel written by Ayi Kwei Armah and published in 1995. The story revolves around an African-American woman, Ast, who goes to Africa looking for heritage after she gets her PhD. The text addresses a number of contemporary African issues, including the residual colonial institutions that limit African culture, the hypocritical nature of African Americans and expatriates who try to help Africa and the contemplation of "What is African history and culture?" The book is published by Per Ankh, a Senegalese publishing company.

Ayi Kwei Armah
Ayi Kwei Armah Listenⓘ (born 28 October 1939) is a Ghanaian writer best known for his novels including The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968), Two Thousand Seasons (1973) and The Healers (1978). He is also an essayist, as well as having written poetry, short stories, and books for children.
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council
The Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council  (French: Bureau du Premier ministre et du Conseil privé) building, formerly known as the Langevin Block (French: Édifice Langevin, IPA: [lɑ̃ʒvɛ̃]), is an office building facing Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  As the home of the Privy Council Office and Office of the Prime Minister, it is the working headquarters of the executive branch of the Canadian government.

The term Langevin Block was previously used as a metonym for the Prime Minister's Office and the Privy Council Office. The building was named after Father of Confederation and cabinet minister Hector-Louis Langevin. Recognizing Langevin's role in establishing the residential school system, associated with the abuse of Indigenous children and attempts to forcibly assimilate them, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced the renaming of the building on June 21, 2017.

The building is a National Historic Site of Canada.

Hector-Louis Langevin
Sir Hector-Louis Langevin (August 25, 1826 – June 11, 1906) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and one of the Fathers of Confederation.

Education
Langevin was born in Quebec City in 1826. He studied law and was called to the bar in 1850.
Bačka Palanka
Bačka Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бачка Паланка, pronounced [bâːtʃkaː pǎlaːnka]; Hungarian: Palánka) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of the Danube. In 2022 the town had a total population of 25,476, while Bačka Palanka municipality had 48,265 inhabitants.

South Bačka District
The South Bačka District (Serbian: Јужнобачки округ, romanized: Južnobački okrug, pronounced [jûʒnobâːtʃkiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the southern part of Bačka and northern part of Syrmia. According to the 2022 census, the South Bačka District has a population of 607,178 inhabitants. The administrative center of the district is the city of Novi Sad, which is also the administrative center and the largest city of the Vojvodina.
Lawvere–Tierney topology
In mathematics, a Lawvere–Tierney topology is an analog of a Grothendieck topology for an arbitrary elementary topos, used to construct a topos of sheaves. A Lawvere–Tierney topology is also sometimes also called a local operator or coverage or topology or geometric modality. They were introduced  by William Lawvere (1971) and Myles Tierney.

William Lawvere
Francis William Lawvere (/lɔːˈvɪər/; February 9, 1937 – January 23, 2023) was an American mathematician and philosopher known for his foundational work in category theory, topos theory, and the philosophy of mathematics. He introduced algebraic theories as categories, developed the Elementary Theory of the Category of Sets (ETCS) as an alternative foundation of mathematics, founded categorical logic and co-founded the field of topos theory. A central theme of his work was the search for a rigorous mathematical foundation for classical continuum mechanics and physics based on categorical methods.
Jaka Brodnik
Jaka Brodnik (born February 27, 1992) is a Slovenian and Icelandic professional basketball player for Keflavík of the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild karla. Standing at 2.03 m, he plays the small forward position. A naturalized Icelandic citizen, he represents the Icelandic national team in international competitions.

In 2024, he won the Icelandic Basketball Cup as a member of Keflavík as well a was named the Cup Finals MVP.

Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup
The Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup (Icelandic: Bikarkeppni KKÍ), also known as VÍS bikarinn for sponsorship reasons, is an annual professional basketball competition between clubs in Iceland. It is Iceland's first-tier cup competition, and is not to be confused with Iceland's former second-tier cup competition, the Company Cup.
Ernst Scholz (politician, born 1874)
Ernst Scholz (3 May 1874 – 26 June 1932) was a lawyer as well a politician in the Weimar Republic. He was chairman of the German People's Party (DVP) after the death of Gustav Stresemann and a member of the Reichstag from 1921 to 1930.

German People's Party
The German People's Party (German: Deutsche Volkspartei, DVP) was a conservative-liberal political party during the Weimar Republic that was the successor to the National Liberal Party of the German Empire. Along with the left-liberal German Democratic Party (DDP), it represented political liberalism in Germany between 1918 and 1933.

The party's best known politician was its founding chairman and later Chancellor and Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann. With the exception of two short-lived cabinets in 1921 and 1922, the DVP was represented in all Weimar governments from 1920 to 1931. In the late 1920s it turned more to the right politically but could not compete with other nationalist parties. By 1932 the DVP's share of the vote had shrunk to barely over one percent, and it disbanded shortly after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933.
Superstar Racing Experience
Superstar Racing Experience (SRX), officially known as the Camping World SRX Series, was an American stock car racing series founded by Tony Stewart, Ray Evernham, Sandy Montag and George Pyne. The formation of the series was announced on July 13, 2020, and debuted on June 12, 2021, televised on CBS on Saturday nights.

Ray Evernham
Raymond Donald Evernham Jr. (born August 26, 1957) is an American consultant for Hendrick Companies, formerly an auto racing crew chief for Bill Davis Racing and Hendrick Motorsports, owner of his own team Evernham Motorsports from 2001 to 2010, and analyst for ESPN's NASCAR coverage. A three time Winston Cup Series Champion with driver Jeff Gordon, in 1999, Evernham won the NASCAR Winston Cup Illustrated "Person of the Year". Evernham was inducted to the NASCAR Hall of Fame, Class of 2018. Evernham was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2023.

Evernham is the co-founder of the racing series Superstar Racing Experience (SRX).
Mick Grace
Michael John Grace (24 July 1874 – 21 May 1912) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club, Carlton Football Club and St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Jim Grace
Jim Grace (21 September 1868 – 31 December 1938) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the club's early years. His younger brother, Mick Grace, played beside him at Fitzroy.
BOAC Flight 712
BOAC Flight 712 was a British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) service operated by a Boeing 707-465 from London Heathrow Airport bound for Sydney via Zurich and Singapore. On Monday 8 April 1968, it suffered an engine failure on takeoff that quickly led to a major fire; the engine detached from the aircraft in flight. After the aircraft had made a successful emergency landing, confusion over checklists and distractions from the presence of a check pilot contributed to the deaths of 5 of the 127 on board. The direct cause of the fire was the failure of a compressor wheel, due to metal fatigue.

Flight attendant Barbara Jane Harrison was posthumously awarded the George Cross for heroism during the accident, another crew member received a British Empire Medal, and an air traffic controller was made a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. As a result of the accident, BOAC changed certain aspects of its emergency procedure checklists.

Barbara Jane Harrison
Barbara Jane Harrison GC (24 May 1945 – 8 April 1968), known as Jane Harrison, was a British flight attendant who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for her role in the evacuation of BOAC Flight 712. She is one of four women to have been awarded the George Cross for heroism, and the only woman awarded the medal on that basis for gallantry in peacetime. The other three female George Cross recipients served with the Special Operations Executive in occupied France during the Second World War.
Cone Nebula
The Cone Nebula is an H II region in the constellation of Monoceros. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 26, 1785, at which time he designated it H V.27. The nebula is located about 830 parsecs or 2,700 light-years from Earth. The Cone Nebula forms part of the nebulosity surrounding the Christmas Tree Cluster. The designation of NGC 2264 in the New General Catalogue refers to both objects and not the nebula alone.

Monoceros
Monoceros (Greek: Μονόκερως, "unicorn") is a faint constellation on the celestial equator. Its definition is attributed to the 17th-century cartographer Petrus Plancius. It is bordered by Orion to the west, Gemini to the north, Canis Major to the south, and Hydra to the east. Other bordering constellations include Canis Minor, Lepus, and Puppis.
Minimal-entropy martingale measure
In probability theory, the minimal-entropy martingale measure (MEMM) is the risk-neutral probability measure that minimises the entropy difference between the objective probability measure, , and the risk-neutral measure, . In incomplete markets, this is one way of choosing a risk-neutral measure (from the infinite number available) so as to still maintain the no-arbitrage conditions.

The MEMM has the advantage that the measure  will always be equivalent to the measure  by construction. Another common choice of equivalent martingale measure is the minimal martingale measure, which minimises the variance of the equivalent martingale. For certain situations, the resultant measure  will not be equivalent to .

In a finite probability model, for objective probabilities  and risk-neutral probabilities  then one must minimise the Kullback–Leibler divergence  subject to the requirement that the expected return is , where  is the risk-free rate.

Risk-neutral measure
In mathematical finance, a risk-neutral measure (also called an equilibrium measure, or equivalent martingale measure) is a probability measure such that each share price is exactly equal to the discounted expectation of the share price under this measure.

This is heavily used in the pricing of financial derivatives due to the fundamental theorem of asset pricing, which implies that in a complete market, a derivative's price is the discounted expected value of the future payoff under the unique risk-neutral measure. Such a measure exists if and only if the market is arbitrage-free.
Lytvyn Bloc
The Lytvyn Bloc, formerly Lytvyn's People's Bloc, (Ukrainian: Блок Литвина, formerly Народний блок Литвина) was a centrist political alliance in Ukraine from 2006 till 2012 led by Volodymyr Lytvyn. It is one of successors of the previous political alliance For United Ukraine which fell apart after Party of Regions left it. In 2007, the bloc surprisingly managed to return to parliament as a union of the People's Party and the Labour Party. According to Lytvyn the party had 400,000 members in October 2009.

On 17 November 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections.

Party of Regions
The Party of Regions (Ukrainian: Партія регіонів, romanized: Partiia rehioniv, pronounced [ˈpɑrt⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ reɦiˈɔn⁽ʲ⁾iu̯]; Russian: Партия регионов, romanized: Partiya regionov) was a pro-Russian political party in Ukraine formed in late 1997 that used to be the largest party in Ukraine between 2006 and 2014.

Since the Revolution of Dignity, the party has not competed in elections and members have slowly dispersed; the last election in which the party participated was the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election. The best-known former party members are former prime minister Mykola Azarov and former president of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych; both fled to Russia in February 2014 after Euromaidan.

The Ukrainian Eighth Administrative Court of Appeal banned the party on 21 February 2023.
Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970)
Democratic Party (Turkish: Demokratik Parti, DP for short) was a former political party in Turkey founded on 18 December 1970 . It should not be confused with the historical Democrat Party or the current Democrat Party in Turkey. The party advocated economic liberalism and individual rights with heavy emphasis on the rule of law. Although liberal on economic and social issues, the party, especially Ferruh Bozbeyli, strongly emphasized that one must strive to uphold their national and cultural identity.

Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)
The Democrat Party (Turkish: Demokrat Parti, DP for short) was a centre-right political party in Turkey, and the country's third legal opposition party, after the Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) established by Ali Fethi Okyar in 1930, and the National Development Party (Milli Kalkınma Partisi) established by Nuri Demirağ in 1945. Founded and led by Celâl Bayar and Adnan Menderes, it was the first of the opposition parties to rise to power, de-seating the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) during the national elections of 1950 and ending Turkey's one party era. The party ″facilitated the resurgence of Islam, especially at the popular level, in Turkey″.