hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oceanida
Oceanida is a genus of very small parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Eulimidae.

This genus was described by Léopold de Folin in 1870. These are subtidal snails that are parasitic on echinoderms. Their length varies between 2 and 3 mm.

Léopold de Folin
Léopold de Folin (French pronunciation: [leɔpɔl(d) də fɔlɛ̃]; Alexandre Guillaume Léopold de, Marquis de Folin, 28 August 1817 – 5 July 1896) was an author, oceanographer, malacologist and early founder (1871) of the collections which were to become the Musée de la mer (sea museum) in Biarritz, France

De Folin wrote on Caecidae for the reports published following the Challenger expedition of 1872-1876.

With Henri Milne-Edwards's son Alphonse, de Folin carried out a survey of the Gulf of Gascony. He worked on board the Travailleur (a paddle-wheel aviso) in 1880, and on board the Talisman in 1883, for trips to the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores.

De Folin also described the genus Oceanida of sea snails in the family Eulimidae.
Brahmanbaria
Brahmanbaria (Bengali: ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া, romanized: Brāhmaṇabāṛiẏā) is a city of Bangladesh and the capital of Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila as well as Brahmanbaria District. It is the second largest city after Cumilla in eastern Bangladesh and one of the oldest municipalities in Bangladesh, established in 1868. Brahmanbaria was declared a district headquarters in 1984. Its municipality area has a population of 265,000 in 2022. It is the 14th largest city in Bangladesh. The largest gas field in Bangladesh named Titash Gas Field is located in Brahmanbaria.

Brahmanbaria District
Brahmanbaria District (Bengali: ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া জেলা, romanized: Brammôṇbaṛiya) is a district in eastern Bangladesh located in the Chittagong Division. Geographically, it is mostly farmland and is topographically part of the Gangetic Plain. It is bounded by the districts of Kishoreganj and Habiganj to the north, Narsingdi District and Narayanganj to the west, Comilla to the south, and the Indian state of Tripura to the east. It was a part of Comilla District until 15 February 1984.
FC Kolkheti-1913 Poti
FC Kolkheti 1913, commonly referred to as Kolkheti Poti, is a Georgian football club based in Poti. Following the 2025 season, the team was relegated to the Erovnuli Liga 2, the 2nd division of Georgian football.

Being registered in 1913, Kolkheti is the oldest active football club in the country. They are the two-time winners of the Soviet republican championship. After an independent Umaglesi Liga was formed in 1990, Kolkheti joined it as a 3rd-tier club and subsequently spent 17 successive seasons before worsening financial problems resulted in their first relegation. As the club's decline continued, it dropped into the third division by 2020. Kolkheti had two unsuccessful playoff campaigns in Liga 3 before securing two consecutive promotions.

Their first European tie was against Serbian club Zemun in 1996. The club plays its home games at Fazisi Stadium.

Erovnuli Liga
The Erovnuli Liga (Georgian: ეროვნული ლიგა; lit. 'National League') is the top division of professional top tier football in Georgia. Since 1990, it has been organized by the Professional Football League of Georgia and Georgian Football Federation. From 1927 to 1989, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the Soviet Union. From 2017, the Erovnuli Liga switched to a spring-autumn system, with only 10 clubs in the top flight.
Von Willebrand factor
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) (German: [fɔn ˈvɪləbʁant]) is a blood glycoprotein that promotes primary hemostasis, specifically, platelet adhesion. It is deficient and/or defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in many other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Heyde's syndrome, and possibly hemolytic–uremic syndrome. Increased plasma levels in many cardiovascular, neoplastic, metabolic (e.g. diabetes), and connective tissue diseases are presumed to arise from adverse changes to the endothelium, and may predict an increased risk of thrombosis.

Platelet adhesion is mainly mediated via interactions with VWF, which acts as a bridge between the platelet surface receptor glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) and the exposed collagen after vascular injury. Genetic deficiencies of VWF or GpIb (Bernard–Soulier syndrome) result in bleeding disorders.

Endothelium
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries.

These cells have unique functions that include fluid filtration, such as in the glomerulus of the kidney, blood vessel tone, hemostasis, neutrophil recruitment, and hormone trafficking. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers is called endocardium. An impaired function can lead to serious health issues throughout the body.
Arthemesia
Arthemesia was a Finnish melodic black metal band active between 1994 and 2010. The band derives their name from Artemisia absinthium, Latin for wormwood, thought to have many spiritual qualities. Their music mainly concerns a projection of the band's philosophy, namely glorification of the occult and Satanism, but also nature and Shamanism.

The band was formed in 1994, originally under the name Celestial Agony by vocalist Valtias Mustatuuli and guitarist Routa, but did not record their first demo until 1998, by which time the band included Jari "Arbaal" Mäenpää (guitar), Jukka-Pekka Miettinen (bass), and Oliver Fokin (drums).

The band's first album, Devs Iratvs, was compiled from several demos they had recorded prior to its release in 2001. A first proper studio album, ShamaNatahs, was released in 2004. Mäenpää left to form a new band named Wintersun.

Jari Mäenpää
Jari Mäenpää (born 23 December 1977) is a Finnish singer, guitarist, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter. He is the founder of the melodic death metal band Wintersun for which he sings and records the majority of instruments except the drums. Before forming Wintersun, Mäenpää was also known for his role in the folk metal band Ensiferum, which he joined in 1996 after leaving his prior band named Immemorial. Wintersun was initially planned as a parallel project alongside Ensiferum, but in January 2004 he was forced to leave Ensiferum due to clashes between their touring schedule and the studio recording time he had booked for Wintersun.

In 1997, Mäenpää had to put his musical career on hold to take part in Finland's compulsory military service. In an interview, Mäenpää admitted he disliked the time he spent in the military and suspects it's where he acquired tuberculosis.

Jari was also a member of the band Arthemesia, and participated in Kimmo Miettinen's side project Lost Alone.
Open Christmas Letter
The Open Christmas Letter was a public message for peace addressed "To the Women of Germany and Austria", signed by a group of 101 British suffragists at the end of 1914 as the first Christmas of the First World War approached. The Open Christmas Letter was written in acknowledgment of the mounting horror of modern war and as a direct response to letters written to American feminist Carrie Chapman Catt, the president of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), by a small group of German women's rights activists. Published in January 1915 in Jus Suffragii, the journal of the IWSA, the Open Christmas Letter was answered two months later by a group of 155 prominent German and Austrian women who were pacifists. The exchange of letters between women of nations at war helped promote the aims of peace, and helped prevent the fracturing of the unity which lay in the common goal they shared, suffrage for women.

Carrie Chapman Catt
Carrie Chapman Catt (born Carrie Clinton Lane; January 9, 1859 – March 9, 1947) was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900 to 1904 and 1915 to 1920. She founded the League of Women Voters in 1920 and the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1904, which was later named International Alliance of Women. She "led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the constitutional amendment giving them the right to vote and convinced state legislatures to ratify it in 1920". She "was one of the best-known women in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century and was on all lists of famous American women."
Drift plus penalty
In the mathematical theory of probability, the drift-plus-penalty method is used for optimization of queueing networks and other stochastic systems.

The technique is for stabilizing a queueing network while also minimizing the time average of a network penalty function.  It can be used to optimize performance objectives such as time average power, throughput, and throughput utility.


In the special case when there is no penalty to be minimized, and when the goal is to design a stable routing policy in a multi-hop network, the method reduces to backpressure routing.


The drift-plus-penalty method can also be used to minimize the time average of a stochastic process subject to time average constraints on a collection of other stochastic processes.

This is done by defining an appropriate set of virtual queues. It can also be used to produce time averaged solutions to convex optimization problems.

Convex optimization
Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets).  Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard.
Eisbock milk
Eisbock milk is a condensed milk drink. It is produced using low temperature filtration technology that physically purifies milk by removing part of its water content, the idea which is inspired by a type of strong beer from Germany.

Condensed milk
Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed (roughly 60% of it). It is most often found with sugar added, in the form of sweetened condensed milk, to the extent that the terms "condensed milk" and "sweetened condensed milk" are often used interchangeably today. Sweetened condensed milk is a very thick, sweet product, which when canned can last for years without refrigeration if not opened. The product is used in numerous dessert dishes in many countries.

A related product is evaporated milk, which has undergone a lengthier preservation process because it is not sweetened.
Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire was caused by the Ottoman Empire's war with Persia and the continuing raids by the Crimean Tatars. The war also represented Russia's ongoing struggle for access to the Black Sea. In 1737, the Habsburg monarchy joined the war on Russia's side, known in historiography as the Austro-Turkish War of 1737–1739.

Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
The Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, the Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.

The Russian victory ratified for Safavid Iran's cession of their territories in the North Caucasus, South Caucasus and contemporary northern Iran to Russia, comprising the cities of Derbent (southern Dagestan) and Baku and their nearby surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Shirvan, Mazandaran and Astarabad conform the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723).

The territories remained in Russian hands for nine and twelve years, when respectively according to the Treaty of Resht of 1732 and the Treaty of Ganja of 1735 during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, they were returned to Iran.
Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova
The Chevrolet Chevy II/Nova is a small automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, and produced in five generations for the 1962 through 1979, and 1985 through 1988 model years. Built on the X-body platform, the Nova was the top selling model in the Chevy II lineup through 1968. The Chevy II nameplate was dropped after 1968, with Nova becoming the nameplate for all of the 1969 through 1979 models. It was replaced by the 1980 Chevrolet Citation introduced in the spring of 1979. The Nova nameplate returned in 1985, produced through 1988 as a S-car based, NUMMI manufactured, subcompact based on the front wheel drive, Japan home-based Toyota Sprinter.

Buick Apollo
The Buick Apollo is a compact car that was manufactured from 1973 to 1975 by General Motors for its Buick division. It was based on the GM X platform along with the Oldsmobile Omega, Chevrolet Nova, and the Pontiac Ventura. The car was named for the Greek god Apollo.

It was available as a coupe, two-door hatchback, or four-door sedan. The two-door models were renamed Skylark for 1975; only the sedan carried the Apollo nameplate for that year. A total of 112,901 Apollos were built.
Ak Ana
Ak Ana (Ağ Ana or Ak Ene), the "Holy Mother", is the primordial creator-goddess of Turkic people and the Khanty and Mansi peoples of Siberia. She is also known as the goddess of the water. She was the consort and daughter of Kayra Han.

Water had been created earlier than Earth. Therefore, she was believed to be the elder sister of Earth. The beginning of the Earth emanated from Water. In ancient Turkic beliefs, Tengri (God) Kaira Khan is a pure, white goose that flies constantly over an endless expanse of water (time). But before Ak-Ana appears to urge Kaira Khan to create, he experiences a disturbance of his calm. From the bottom of the Water a "sacred duck" Lura lifted the sand, clay and silt, from which the Earth was created. Water was the initial state of everything in existence. Water evenly gave rise to both foreign and hostile elements. It was the possessor of spirits and the entrance into the other realm. The life, fertility and productivity of land depended on the Ak Ana.

Kayra
Kayra or Kaira (Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰖𐰺𐰀) is the creator god in Turkic mythology. He is the god who planted the tree of life called Ulukayın. Kayra is described as both father and mother, and resides in the 17th layer of heaven.

Kayra is the supreme god of the pantheon and the son of the sky deity named Tengri. Kayra is occasionally identified with Kara Han (the black king or ruler of the land – Kara may mean land, earth, black or in a sense strong, powerful), a son of Tengri, who left his father's home in heaven and went to live in the underworld.
Interlaken Ost railway station
Interlaken Ost or Interlaken East is a railway station in the resort town of Interlaken in the Swiss canton of Bern. The station was previously known as Interlaken Zollhaus. The town has one other station, Interlaken West.

Interlaken Ost is an important railway junction at the meeting point of three railway lines, the Thunersee line of the BLS AG, the Brünig line of the Zentralbahn, and the Bernese Oberland railway (BOB). In addition to trains operated directly by the owners of these lines, the station is also reached by passenger trains of the Swiss Federal Railways, Deutsche Bahn, all of which operate over the Thunersee line.

The station provides an interchange with the local bus network provided by PostBus Switzerland and the regional bus line to Thun provided by Verkehrsbetriebe STI. Ships of the BLS-owned fleet on Lake Brienz serve a quay at Interlaken Ost, which they access via a navigable reach of the Aar river.

Bernese Oberland Railway
The Bernese Oberland Railway (German: Berner Oberland-Bahn, BOB) is a narrow-gauge mountain railway in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland. It runs, via a "Y" junction at Zweilütschinen to serve Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald from Interlaken. The railway is rack assisted (that is although an adhesion railway, rack and pinion operation is used on steep sections of the line to assist traction).

The BOB is owned by the Berner Oberland-Bahnen AG, a company that also owns the 800 mm (2 ft 7+1⁄2 in) Schynige Platte Railway. Through that company it is part of the Allianz – Jungfrau Top of Europe marketing alliance, which also includes the separately owned Wengernalpbahn, Jungfraubahn, Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen–Mürren, Harderbahn, and Firstbahn.
Briane Harris
Briane Harris (born March 11, 1992, as Briane Meilleur) is a Canadian curler from Petersfield, Manitoba. She currently plays third on Team Kate Cameron.

Harris was a member of the Kerri Einarson rink from 2018 until being suspended from competitive curling in 2024 due to testing positive for Ligandrol, which she was found to have not been responsible for. With Einarson, Harris is a four-time Scotties Tournament of Hearts champion, winning the title in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. She has also won four Grand Slam of Curling events with the Einarson rink.

2022 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2022 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national women's curling championship, was held from January 28 to February 6 at the Fort William Gardens in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The winning team represented Canada at the 2022 World Women's Curling Championship at the CN Centre in Prince George, British Columbia.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Ontario public health orders, the tournament was held behind closed doors with no public spectators for the second season in a row. As Ontario began to permit a maximum capacity of 500 spectators at indoor sporting events beginning January 31, Curling Canada explored admitting limited public spectators for the playoff draws, but ultimately decided against doing so. Organizers later invited tournament volunteers and junior curlers from the Thunder Bay area to attend the playoff draws.
Jusuf Kalla
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (listenⓘ; born 15 May 1942), commonly referred to by his initials JK, is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the 10th and 12th Vice President of Indonesia, the only Vice President in Indonesian history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (2004–2009 and 2014–2019). He was unsuccessful as Golkar's presidential nominee in the 2009 presidential election. Before Kalla declared himself as the running mate for Joko Widodo in the 2014 presidential election, a 2012 poll placed his popularity among likely voters in the top three contenders for the presidency and ahead of his own party's nominee Aburizal Bakrie.

Since 2009 Kalla serves as the chairman of the Indonesian Red Cross Society.

Indonesian Red Cross Society
The Indonesian Red Cross Society (Indonesian: Palang Merah Indonesia, PMI) is a humanitarian organization in Indonesia. It is a member of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

Indonesia is one of the few Muslim-majority countries to use the Red Cross as its symbol. Indonesia is not a strictly faith-based nation.

In mid-2013, the Indonesian Red Cross Society had 32,568 people in its Volunteer Corps, 19,294 Individual Volunteers and 893,381 Blood Donor Volunteers, for a total of 945,243 persons, which is recorded as the highest number of volunteers in the world.
Jacksonville Beaches
The Jacksonville Beaches, or Jax Beaches known locally as "The Beaches", are a group of towns and communities on the northern half of San Pablo Island on the US state of Florida's First Coast. These communities are separated from the main body of the city of Jacksonville by the Intracoastal Waterway. The Jacksonville Beaches are located in Duval and northern St. Johns counties, and make up part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area. The main communities generally identified as part of the Beaches are Mayport, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Ponte Vedra Beach.

Mayport (Jacksonville)
Mayport is a small community located between Naval Station Mayport and the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It is part of the Jacksonville Beaches communities on San Pablo Island. The only public road to Mayport is State Road A1A, which crosses the St. Johns River Ferry to Fort George Island. On June 3, 1909, through action of the state legislature, Mayport was incorporated as a city.
Scarabaeus sacer
Scarabaeus sacer, common name sacred scarab, is the type species of the genus Scarabaeus and the family Scarabaeidae. This dung beetle is native to southern Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, and was venerated in ancient Egypt.

Dung beetle
Dung beetles are beetles that feed on feces. All species of dung beetle belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, most of them to the subfamilies Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae of the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles). As most species of Scarabaeinae feed exclusively on feces, that subfamily is often dubbed true dung beetles. There are dung-feeding beetles which belong to other families, such as the Geotrupidae (the earth-boring dung beetle). The Scarabaeinae alone comprises more than 5,000 species.

As they do not belong to a single group sharing a common ancestor, there is a diversity in the behavior of dung beetles, including the iconic dung-rolling behavior revered by Ancient Egyptians as Khepri rolling the sun across the sky.
RCA Spectra 70
The RCA Spectra 70 is a line of mainframe computers and related electronic data processing (EDP) equipment that was manufactured by the Radio Corporation of America’s computer division beginning in April 1965.  The Spectra 70 line included several CPU models, various configurations of core memory, mass-storage devices, terminal equipment, and various specialized interface equipment.

The system architecture and instruction set were largely compatible with the non-privileged instruction set of the IBM System/360, including use of the EBCDIC character set.  While this degree of compatibility made some interchange of programs and data possible, differences in the operating system software precluded transparent movement of programs between the two systems.

Competition in the mainframe market was fierce, and in 1971 the company sold the computer division and the Spectra 70 line to Sperry Rand, taking a huge write down in the process.

EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC; /ˈɛbsɪdɪk/) is an eight-bit character encoding used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer operating systems. It descended from the code used with punched cards and the corresponding six-bit binary-coded decimal code used with most of IBM's computer peripherals of the late 1950s and early 1960s. It is supported by various non-IBM platforms, such as Fujitsu-Siemens' BS2000/OSD, OS-IV, MSP, and MSP-EX, the SDS Sigma series, Unisys VS/9, Unisys MCP and ICL VME.