hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy
Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy is a 2010 book by Indian economist Raghuram Rajan on the underlying causes of the 2008 financial crisis, and the structural weaknesses present in the world economy. It won the 
Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year award in 2010.

Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award
Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award is an annual award given to the best business book of the year as determined by the Financial Times. It aims to find the book that has "the most compelling and enjoyable insight into modern business issues". The award was established in 2005 and is worth £30,000. Beginning in 2010, five short-listed authors each receive £10,000, an increase from the previous £5,000.

The award's principal partner was Goldman Sachs from 2005 to 2013, when it was known as the "Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award". McKinsey & Company supported the Business Book Award from 2014 until 2021, when it was known as the "Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award".

Since 2014, the Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award is presented at the same time as the Bracken Bower Prize for young business writers.
Dongjia language
The Dongjia language (Chinese: 东家话) is a West Hmongic language of Guizhou, China. It is most closely related to Gejia.

The Dongjia people are officially classified as She, but speak a West Hmongic language. Their autonym is Gameng (嘎孟), while the neighboring Raojia people call them Gadou (嘎斗). The Dongjia people of Liubao (六堡村), Xingshan Township (杏山镇), Majiang County was studied by Dong (2008). Chen (2011) considers Gejia and Dongjia to be two different varieties of Chong'anjiang Miao (重安江苗语), and places Chong'anjiang Miao within the Chuanqiandian (川黔滇) branch.

West Hmongic languages
The West Hmongic languages, also known as Chuanqiandian Miao (Chinese: 川黔滇苗; lit. 'Sichuan–Guizhou–Yunnan Miao') and Western Miao, are a major branch of the Hmongic languages of China and Southeast Asia.

The name Chuanqiandian is used both for West Hmongic as a whole and for one of its branches, the Chuanqiandian cluster.
Unocal Corporation
Union Oil Company of California, and its holding company Unocal Corporation, together known as Unocal /ˈjuːnoʊkæl/ was a major petroleum explorer and marketer in the late 19th century, through the 20th century, and into the early 21st century. It was headquartered in El Segundo, California, United States.

Unocal was involved in domestic and global energy projects. Unocal was one of the key players in the CentGas consortium, which attempted to build the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline to run from the Caspian area, through Afghanistan, to the Indian Ocean, at a time after the Taliban siege of Kabul in 1996.

On August 10, 2005, Chevron acquired Unocal for US$17.9 billion (equivalent to $27.5 billion in 2025), making it a wholly owned subsidiary. Unocal then ceased operations as an independent company, but continues to conduct many operations as Union Oil Company of California, a Chevron company.

CentGas
Central Asia Gas Pipeline, Ltd. (CentGas) was a consortium formed in the 1990s to develop a project to build the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline from Turkmenistan's natural gas fields to Pakistan.  The consortium had also considered an extension of the pipeline to the New Delhi area.  Regional and political instability proved too great a challenge to overcome and the project eventually was cancelled after Unocal (the largest CentGas investor) withdrew from the consortium.
Souvignier gris
Souvignier gris is a white German wine grape variety that was created in 1983 by Dr. Norbert Becker. It is a cross between Seyval blanc and Zähringer, but was originally thought to be a cross between  Cabernet Sauvignon and Bronner.

Bronner (grape)
Bronner is a white grape variety used for wine. It was bred in 1975 by Norbert Becker at the viticultural institute in Freiburg, Germany. The variety was initially known under its breeding code FR 250-75, and was later named in honour of Johann Philipp Bronner (1792-1864), who was a German pharmacist and viticultural pioneer. It received varietal protection in 1977.

Bronner shows good resistance against fungal diseases and is in many respects similar to Pinot blanc.
KEX (AM)
KEX (1190 kHz) is a clear channel AM radio station licensed to Portland, Oregon.  It is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., and airs a news/talk format known as NewsRadio 1190.  The station's studios and offices are on SW 68th Parkway, off Interstate 5 in Tigard, Oregon.

Because KEX is a 50,000-watt Class A station, it reaches all of the Portland metropolitan area and beyond, providing grade B coverage as far south as Corvallis and as far east as The Dalles. At night, KEX can be heard around the Western United States and Western Canada. The transmitter is located off SE Lawnfield Road in Sunnyside. It uses a non-directional antenna in the daytime, but at night, to protect other stations on 1190 AM, it switches to a directional antenna with a three-tower array.

KPOJ
KPOJ (620 AM, "Rip City Sports Radio 620") is a commercial radio station licensed to Portland, Oregon, United States. Owned by iHeartMedia, it airs a sports radio format as the local affiliate for Fox Sports Radio and the flagship station for the Portland Trail Blazers Radio Network. The KPOJ studios are on SW 68th Parkway in Tigard.

KPOJ 's transmitter site is off SE Lawnfield Road, near Interstate 205 in Sunnyside, Oregon.
Amroth
Amroth is a village, parish and community 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Tenby, Pembrokeshire, Wales. Located on Carmarthen Bay, Amroth is noted for its long sandy beach which stretches the length of the village. It regularly earns a Blue Flag award. and is the south-to-north start of the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. Amroth is within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.

The name is Welsh, and probably means "on (the brook called) Rhath".

Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro) is a national park along the Pembrokeshire coast in west Wales.

It was established as a National Park in 1952. It is one of the three National parks of Wales, the others being the Brecon Beacons and Snowdonia. It is the only national park in the United Kingdom to consist largely of coastal landscapes.
Skylark (series)
Skylark is a science fiction/space opera series by American writer E. E. Smith. In the first book, The Skylark of Space (first published in Amazing Stories in 1928), a scientist discovers/accidentally invents a space-drive, builds a starship, and flies off with three companions to encounter alien civilizations and fight a larger-than-life villain.

The Skylark of Space was the first of a series which continued through three subsequent books—Skylark Three and Skylark of Valeron written during the 1930s, and Skylark DuQuesne, written in 1963. R. D. Mullen declared that "The great success of the stories was surely due first of all to the skill with which Smith mixed elements of the spy thriller and the western story (our hero is the fastest gun in space, our villain the second fastest) with those of the traditional cosmic voyage." The series influenced the design of the early video game Spacewar!

The 2019 album All Aboard the Skylark by Hawkwind is named after the stories.

Skylark of Valeron
Skylark of Valeron is a science fiction novel by the American writer E. E. Smith, the third in his Skylark series. Originally serialized in the magazine Astounding in 1934, it was first collected in book form in 1949 by Fantasy Press.
Foucault's gyroscope
The Foucault gyroscope was a gyroscope created by French physicist Léon Foucault in 1852, conceived as a follow-up experiment to his pendulum in order to further demonstrate the Earth's rotation.

Foucault felt that the results of his famous pendulum experiment had been misunderstood. He therefore endeavored to create an apparatus with a "body freely suspended by its center of gravity and rotating around one of its principal axes", allowing the study of a plane with "absolute directional stability". The mechanical precision of Foucault's gyroscope allowed this to be proven clearly to the scientific establishment, and the gyroscope became a widely popular instrument.

Léon Foucault
Jean Bernard Léon Foucault (UK: /ʒɒ̃ ˈbɛərnɑːr ˌleɪɒ̃ ˈfuːkoʊ/, US: /ˌʒɒ̃ bɛərˈnɑːr leɪˌɒ̃ fuːˈkoʊ/; French: [ʒɑ̃ bɛʁnaʁ leɔ̃ fuko]; 18 September 1819 – 11 February 1868) was a French physicist who invented the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of Earth's rotation. He also made an early measurement of the speed of light, discovered eddy currents, and is credited with naming the gyroscope.
Alfred E. Woodward
Alfred Eno Woodward II (December 15, 1913 – February 20, 2007) was an American attorney and jurist who served as the Chief Judge of the 18th Judicial Circuit Court, DuPage County, Illinois, from 1973 to 1975. He was the father of reporter and author Bob Woodward.

Bob Woodward
Robert Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an American investigative journalist. He started working for The Washington Post as a reporter in 1971 and now holds the honorific title of associate editor there, though the Post no longer employs him.

While a reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Woodward teamed up with Carl Bernstein, and the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon. The work of Woodward and Bernstein was called "maybe the single greatest reporting effort of all time" by longtime journalist and former editor of The New York Times Gene Roberts.

Woodward continued to work for The Washington Post after his reporting on Watergate. Since 1974, he has written 21 books on American politics and current affairs, 14 of which have topped best-seller lists.
Isnag people
The Isnag people (also referred to as Isneg, Yapayao and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region, though they are also found in parts of Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, and Abra.  Their native language is Isnag, although most Isnag also speak Ilocano.

The Isnag, also referred to as Yapayao, trace their origins to the Province of Apayao, though they are also found in parts of Cagayan,  Ilocos Norte, and Abra. Their populations are distributed across the municipalities of Calanasan, Kabugao, Pudtol, Flora, Luna, Santa Marcela, and Conner in Apayao; the eastern part of Ilocos Norte, specifically Adams, Carasi, Dumalneg, Vintar, Marcos, Dingras, Solsona, Bangui and Pagudpud; the northwestern part of Cagayan, particularly Santa Praxedes, Claveria, Sanchez Mira, and Pamplona; and the northern part of Abra, particularly Tineg.

Kabugao
Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao (Ilocano: Ili ti Kabugao; Itawis: Babalay yo Kabugao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Kabugao), is a  municipality and de jure capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 16,425 people.
Henry Dodge
Moses Henry Dodge (October 12, 1782 – June 19, 1867) was an American politician and military officer who was Democratic member to the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, Territorial Governor of Wisconsin and a veteran of the Black Hawk War. His son, Augustus C. Dodge, served as a U.S. Senator from Iowa; the two were the first and so far the only father-son pair to serve concurrently in the Senate, which they did from 1848 to 1855.

Henry Dodge was also the half-brother of Missouri Senator Lewis F. Linn. James Clarke, the Governor of Iowa Territory, was his son-in-law.

Henry Dodge was also a slave owner, possessing the body and lives of five enslaved men - Toby, Tom, Lear, Jim, and Joe — who worked as smelters long after he promised to free them.

Wisconsin Territory
The Territory of Wisconsin was an organized and incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1836, until May 29, 1848, when an eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Wisconsin. Belmont was initially chosen as the capital of the territory. In 1837, the territorial legislature met in Burlington, just north of the Skunk River on the Mississippi, which became part of the Iowa Territory in 1838. In that year, 1838, the territorial capital of Wisconsin was moved to Madison.
Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe
Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe, 2nd Count Boulay de La Meurthe (15 July 1797 – 24 November 1858) was a French politician who served as vice president from 1849 to 1852, and is the only person to ever have that title.

Vice President of France
The vice president of the Republic (French: vice-président de la République) was an office that existed in France only during the Second Republic (1848–1852), and only ever had one holder, Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe, elected in January 1849.

It was never re-established, despite occasional discussions in the founding years of the Fifth Republic. The president of the Senate (upper house) is designated to step in as acting president.
Querecho
The Querecho Indians were a historical band of Apache people living on the Southern Plains.

In 1541 the Spanish conquistador Francisco Vásquez de Coronado and his army journeyed east from the Rio Grande Valley in search of a rich land called Quivira. Passing through the Texas Panhandle, he met a people he called the Querechos.

This was the first known venture of Europeans across the Great Plains of the United States. Coronado and his chroniclers were the first Europeans to describe the buffalo-hunting nomads of the Plains.

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko ˈβaθkeθ ðe koɾoˈnaðo]; 1510 – 22 September 1554) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from what is now Mexico to present-day Kansas through what is now parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542. Vázquez de Coronado had hoped to reach the Cities of Cíbola, often referred to now as the mythical Seven Cities of Gold. His expedition marked the first European sightings of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River, among other landmarks. His name is often Anglicized as Vasquez de Coronado or just Coronado.
Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy
The Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy is a nonprofit cooperating association that supports park stewardship and conservation in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area—the most visited national park in the U.S.

Recognized as one of the largest park partners in the country, the Parks Conservancy has provided nearly $300 million in aid to support San Francisco Bay Area parks including the Presidio of San Francisco, Crissy Field, Muir Woods National Monument, Lands End, and Alcatraz Island. The organization has received a Three-Star Charity rating from Charity Navigator.

Crissy Field
Crissy Field is a public recreation area on the northern shore of the San Francisco Peninsula in California, United States, located just east of the Golden Gate Bridge. It includes restored tidal marsh and beaches.

Crissy Field is a former United States Army airfield which is now part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Historically part of the Presidio of San Francisco, Crissy Field closed as an airfield after 1974. Under Army control, the site was affected by dumping of hazardous materials. The National Park Service took control of the area in 1994 and, together with the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, worked to restore the site until 2001, when the Crissy Field Center was opened to the public. While most buildings have been preserved as they were in the 1920s, some have been transformed into offices, retail space, and residences.
Montara State Beach
Montara State Beach is a beach located in the coastal region of the U.S. state of California, eight miles north of Half Moon Bay on State Route 1. West of Highway 1, it showcases high bluffs and sandy shores. It is operated by the California State Department of Parks and Recreation under the San Mateo Coast Sector Office. It is one of the cleanest beaches in the state and is known for surfing, sunbathing, nature study and fishing.

Montara State Marine Reserve & Pillar Point State Marine Conservation Area extends offshore from Montara State Beach.

Montara State Marine Reserve and Pillar Point State Marine Conservation Area
Montara State Marine Reserve (SMR) and Pillar Point State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) are two adjoining marine protected areas that extend offshore from Montara to Pillar Point in San Mateo County on California’s north central coast.  The combined area of these marine protected areas is 18.42 square miles (47.7 km2), with 11.76 square miles (30.5 km2) in the SMR and 6.66 in the SMCA.  Montara SMR prohibits the take of all living marine resources.  Pillar Point SMCA prohibits the take of all living marine resources, except the recreational and commercial take of pelagic finfish by trolling or seine, the commercial or recreational take of Dungeness crab by trap and the commercial or recreational take or market squid by hand-held dip net or round haul net.
Isotta Gervasi
Isotta Gervasi (Born in Castiglione di Cervia on November 21, 1889 – died in Modena on June 17, 1967) was an Italian physician. She was the first woman in Italy to work as a physician, and practiced in the Cervese area. Thanks to her determination to aid those in need, she acquired a legendary image over time, so much so that she was remembered as the "doctor of the poor" and the "angel on a bicycle".
Grazia Deledda, a close friend of Isotta who was spending her holidays in Cervia, dedicated an elzeviro, an article in the third page of a newpaper, to her in Corriere della Sera in August 1935:

The doctor is beautiful, elegant, in the evening she transforms like the fairy Melusina, with her clothes and her dazzling jewels and her eyes and teeth even more dazzling: a fairy is also so in front of the sick bed, whether a prince or a worker, to whom, in addition to her skilful care, she generously gives bottles of ancient wine, chickens and flowers. Her name is Isotta.

Cervia
Cervia (Romagnol: Zirvia) is a seaside resort town in the province of Ravenna, located in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna.

Cervia is a major seaside resort in Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Its population was 28,983 at the 2023 census. It is mainly a destination for seaside tourism, with a coastline of 9 km of beach.
Louis Reichardt
Louis French Reichardt (born June 4, 1942) is a noted American neuroscientist and mountaineer, the first American to summit both Everest and K2.  He was also director of the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, the largest non-federal supporter of scientific research into autism spectrum disorders and is an emeritus professor of physiology and biochemistry/biophysics at UCSF, where he studied neuroscience. The character of Harold Jameson, U.C.S.F. biophysicist and mountaineer in the film K2, is based on Reichardt, though the events of his actual 1978 K2 attempt with Jim Wickwire bear little resemblance to the plot of the film.

Jim Wickwire
Jim Wickwire (born June 8, 1940) is the first American to summit K2, the second highest mountain in the world (summit at 8,611 m (28,251 ft)).  Wickwire is also known for surviving an overnight solo bivouac on K2 at an elevation above 27,000 ft or 8,200 m; considered "one of the most notorious bivouacs in mountaineering history".
Junya Kodo
Junya Kodo Japanese: 鼓童淳也 (born March 24, 1983) is a Japanese mixed martial artist currently fighting in the Flyweight division of Shooto organization. Kodo is also the head coach and representative of Shooto Gym Kobe. KODO replaced Norifumi Yamamoto in 2 days notice to fight Joseph Benavidez on DREAM 5 Lightweight GP Final 2008.

KODO was ranked 3 in Japan Amateur Shooto Championships then going on to be Kansai Amateur Shooto Champion securing his rank as a professional A-Class Shooter.

Joseph Benavidez
Joseph Rolando Benavidez (born July 31, 1984) is an American former professional mixed martial artist. He competed in the Bantamweight division in the WEC, and primarily in the Flyweight division for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Joseph Benavidez is considered one of the greatest MMA fighters of all time, and the greatest flyweight of all time, among fighters who have never won a title, having lost all five of his title fights (one at Bantamweight, four at Flyweight).
Alguna Pregunta Més?
Alguna Pregunta Més? (Catalan for "Any more questions?") often referred to by its initials APM? is a Catalan comedy show aired on the autonomous community's main public TV station TV3 since 2004, being the longest-running humor show in the channel. APM? has also gained nationwide exposure and popularity thanks to YouTube.

The program consists of a humorous recall of the news in Catalonia and the rest of Spain mixing scenes from television shows, documentaries, adverts and films.

TV3 (Catalan TV channel)
TV3 (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈte ˈβe ˈtɾɛs]) is the primary television channel of Catalan public broadcaster Televisió de Catalunya, a subsidiary of the CCMA. TV3 broadcasts programmes only in Catalan and Aranese, with an optional dual track in the original language for some foreign-language series and movies, although Spanish is not dubbed or subtitled. TV3 is also a founding member of FORTA.

It is funded by the regional autonomous government, the Generalitat de Catalunya, through the CCMA.
Walls of Genius
Walls of Genius is an American avant-garde music ensemble from Colorado. They participated in the 1980s Cassette Culture and experimented with psychedelic improvisations, free-jazz, punk-rock, uninhibited and manic deconstructions of pop, jazz and country-western standards to musique concrète, industrial noise and sound collages. Walls Of Genius was both reviled and loved by the Cassette Culture. Walls Of Genius was active from 1982-1985 and revived in 2014.

Cassette culture
The cassette culture (also known as the tape/cassette scene or cassette underground) is the amateur production and distribution of music and sound art on compact cassette that emerged in the mid-1970s. The cassette was used by fine artists and poets for the independent distribution of new work. An independent music scene based on the cassette burgeoned internationally in the second half of the 1970s.
Sentinel Waggon Works
Sentinel Waggon Works Ltd was a British company based in Shrewsbury, Shropshire that made steam-powered lorries (steam wagons), railway locomotives, and later, diesel engined lorries, buses and locomotives.

Steam wagon
A steam wagon (or steam lorry, steam waggon or steamtruck) is a steam-powered truck for carrying freight. It was the earliest form of lorry (truck) and came in two basic forms: overtype and undertype, the distinction being the position of the engine relative to the boiler. Manufacturers tended to concentrate on one form or the other.

Steam wagons were a widespread form of powered road traction for commercial haulage in the early part of the twentieth century, although they were a largely British phenomenon, with few manufacturers outside Great Britain. Competition from internal-combustion-powered vehicles and adverse legislation meant that few remained in commercial use beyond the Second World War.

Although the majority of steam wagons have been scrapped, a significant number have been preserved in working order and may be seen in operation at steam fairs, particularly in the UK.