hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Voevodsky
Vladimir Alexandrovich Voevodsky (/vɔɪɛˈvɒdski/, Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Воево́дский; 4 June 1966 – 30 September 2017) was a Russian-American mathematician. His work in developing a homotopy theory for algebraic varieties and formulating motivic cohomology led to the award of a Fields Medal in 2002. He is also known for the proof of the Milnor conjecture and motivic Bloch–Kato conjectures and for the univalent foundations of mathematics and homotopy type theory.

Eric Friedlander
Eric Mark Friedlander (born January 7, 1944) is an American mathematician who is a professor of mathematics at University of Southern California. He is best known for his works in algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, algebraic K-theory and representation theory.
Guadalupe Nettel
Guadalupe Nettel (born 1973) is a Mexican writer. She has published four novels, including The Body Where I Was Born (2011), After the Winter (2014) and Still Born (2023), which was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize, as well as three short story collections. She is a recipient of numerous international awards. She has contributed to Granta, El País, The New York Times, The Yale Review, The White Review, La Repubblica and La Stampa. Her works have been translated into more than 20 languages and adapted for film and theater.

After the Winter (novel)
After the Winter (Spanish: Después del invierno) is a novel by Mexican writer Guadalupe Nettel, published in 2014 by the publishing house Editorial Anagrama and winner of the prestigious Premio Herralde in its edition of the same year. The story follows Claudio, a Cuban misanthrope who lives in New York City, and Cecilia, a lonely Mexican who is doing her postgraduate studies in Paris, whose lives eventually become intertwined in a brief affair.

According to the author, the title of the novel refers to the ability of people to resurface after experiencing pain.
Battle of Cacabelos
The Battle of Cacabelos was a minor battle of the Peninsular War that took place on 3 January 1809, at the bridge just outside the village of Cacabelos, Province of León, Spain, as British forces under Sir John Moore making their retreat to A Coruña. In the ensuing engagement with French Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult's advance guard, British units were overwhelmed and forced to mount a hurried withdrawal across the bridge. Ultimately, however, the French forces failed to press their advance further due to heavy losses including the death of French Brigadier General Colbert-Chabanais. The resulting delay allowed Moore's forces to continue their retreat while keeping their forces largely intact.

Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais
Brigadier-General Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais (18 October 1777 – 3 January 1809) was a French Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He became a general officer of cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars and fought in several major battles under Emperor Napoleon from 1805 to 1807. He was killed by a long-range shot fired by Irish rifleman Thomas Plunket during the Battle of Cacabelos in 1809.
History of the Jews in Bulgaria
The history of the Jews in Bulgaria goes back almost 2,000 years. Jews have had a continuous presence in historic Bulgarian lands since before the 2nd century CE, and have often played an important part in the history of Bulgaria.

Today, the majority of Bulgarian Jews live in Israel, while modern-day Bulgaria continues to host a modest Jewish population.

Bulgarian Jews in Israel
Bulgarian Jews in Israel are Jewish immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Bulgarian Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. They number around 75,000 in the wider definition, and 7,500 in the narrower scope (those with Bulgarian citizenship).
Notebook (2006 film)
Notebook is a 2006 Indian Malayalam-language coming-of-age drama film directed by Rosshan Andrrews and written by Bobby-Sanjay. It is about three students at a boarding school, and how they face up to challenges in their lives. The film stars Maria Roy, Roma Asrani and Parvathy Thiruvothu and Skanda Ashok in the lead roles along with Suresh Gopi in an extended cameo appearance. The film dealt with the subject of teenage pregnancy. It marked the debut of Roma and Skanda in the Malayalam film industry. The songs were composed by Mejo Joseph while Gopi Sundar handled the score. The cinematography and editing was handled by R. Diwakaran and Ranjan Abraham. The film was released on 15 December 2006. It received positive reviews and was a commercial success at the box office. The film won the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film and Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam.

Gopi Sundar
Gopi Sundar C. S. (born 30 May 1977) is an Indian music director, programmer, playback singer, songwriter, actor and performer who works in the Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil film industries.

He began his career composing music for television commercials and is credited with writing nearly 5,000 jingles. As a keyboardist, he has collaborated with many music directors, including the composer duo Vishal–Shekhar. He has won several accolades for his soundtracks and film scores, including a National Film Award, a Kerala State Film Award, and two Filmfare Awards South.

In 2014, Sundar started his own recording label, Gopi Sundar Music Company with an idea to promote aspiring musicians and to make low-budget productions possible. In 2016, he formed a live performance music band called "Band Big G" in Dubai. In 2017, his work in the film Pulimurugan was included in the contender list for the 90th Academy Awards nominations for Best Original Song and Best Original Score categories.
Fanny Cerrito
Francesca "Fanny" Cerrito (11 May 1817 – 6 May 1909) was an Italian ballet dancer and choreographer. She was a ballerina noted for the brilliance, strength, and vivacity of her dancing. She was also one of few women in the 19th century to be recognized for her talent as a choreographer.

Marie Taglioni
Marie Taglioni, Comtesse de Voisins  (23 April 1804 – 22 April 1884) was a Swedish-born ballet dancer of the Romantic ballet era partially of Italian descent, a central figure in the history of European dance. She spent most of her life in the Austrian Empire and France. She was one of the most celebrated ballerinas of the romantic ballet, which was cultivated primarily at Her Majesty's Theatre in London and at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique of the Paris Opera Ballet. She is credited with (though not confirmed as) being the first ballerina to truly dance en pointe.
Valencia Huracanes
The Valencia Huracanes or Los Huracanes are a Spanish rugby league club, based in Valencia. They have applied to join the Rugby Football League's League 1 competition. During 2020 they have exhibition matches scheduled and will compete in the Espana Rugby league with a focus on developing Spanish players. They were announced as one of the teams comprising the inaugural Euro XIII Cup competition in 2022.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
Orangeburg, South Carolina
Orangeburg is the principal city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to the 2020 census. The city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia, on the north fork of the Edisto River.

Two historically black institutions of higher education are located in Orangeburg: Claflin University (a liberal arts college) and South Carolina State University (a public university).

Claflin University
Claflin University is a private historically black liberal arts college in Orangeburg, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1869 after the American Civil War by northern missionaries for the education of freedmen and their children, it offers bachelor's and master's degrees.
Grigoriy Myasoyedov
Grigoriy Grigorievich Myasoyedov (Russian: Григо́рий Григо́рьевич Мясое́дов; 19 April [O.S. 7 April] 1834 – 31 December [O.S. 18 December] 1911) was a Russian realist painter associated with the Peredvizhniki movement.

Peredvizhniki
Peredvizhniki (Russian: передви́жники, IPA: [pɪrɪˈdviʐnɪkɪ]), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restrictions; it evolved into the Society for Travelling Art Exhibitions, in short Peredvizhniks, in 1870.
San Martín de Trevejo
San Martín de Trevejo (Fala: Sa Martín de Trevellu) is a municipality (municipio) located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2008 census (INE), the municipality has 926 inhabitants.

Locally, manhegu (or mañegu) is spoken, a linguistic variety of the Fala language, which differs from both Spanish and Portuguese, but is closer to the latter than the former.

Fala language
Fala ("speech", also called Xalimego) is a Western Romance language commonly classified in the Galician–Portuguese subgroup, with some traits from Leonese, spoken in Spain by about 10,500 people, of whom 5,500 live in a valley of the northwestern part of Extremadura near the border with Portugal. The speakers of Fala live in the towns of Valverde del Fresno (Valverdi du Fresnu), Eljas (As Ellas) and San Martín de Trevejo (Sa Martín de Trevellu). These are within the valley of Jálama, in the comarca of Sierra de Gata.

Other names sometimes used for the language are Fala de Jálama or Fala de Xálima, but neither of them is used by the speakers themselves, who call their linguistic varieties lagarteiru (in Eljas), manhegu / mañegu (in San Martín de Trevejo) and valverdeiru (in Valverde del Fresno).
Decebalus treasure
The Decebalus treasure was a 2nd-century hoard of precious metal objects, supposedly concealed by Decebalus beneath a watercourse (the modern Strei) in the ancient kingdom of Dacia. It features in the historical work of Cassius Dio, who claims that the Roman Empire seized the treasure after a captive Dacian nobleman revealed its hiding place.

Strei
The Strei (Hungarian: Sztrigy) is a left tributary of the river Mureș in Transylvania, Romania. The upper reach of the river, upstream of the village of Baru, is also known as Râul Petros. It flows through the town Călan and the villages Petros, Baru, Livadia, Pui, Galați, Băiești, Ohaba de sub Piatră, Ciopeia, Subcetate, Covragiu, Bretea Română, Bretea Streiului, Ruși, Strei, Streisângeorgiu, Batiz, Băcia and Simeria Veche. It discharges into the Mureș near Simeria. Its length is 93 km (58 mi) and its basin size is 1,983 km2 (766 sq mi).
Wu Zhihui
Wu Jingheng (Chinese: 吳敬恆), commonly known by his courtesy name Wu Zhihui (Woo Chih-hui, Chinese: 吳稚暉; 25 March 1865 - 30 October 1953), also known as Wu Shi-Fee, was a Chinese linguist and philosopher who was the chairman of the 1912–13 Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation that created Zhuyin (based on Zhang Binglin's work) and standardized Guoyu pronunciation.

Wu became an anarchist during his stay in France in the first decade of the 20th century, along with Li Shizeng, Zhang Renjie, and Cai Yuanpei. With them, he was known as one of the strongly anti-communist "Four Elders" of the Nationalist Party in the 1920s.

Bopomofo
Bopomofo, also called Zhuyin Fuhao (/dʒuːˌjɪn fuːˈhaʊ/ joo-YIN foo-HOW; 注音符號; Zhùyīn fúhào; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply Zhuyin, is a transliteration system for Standard Chinese and other Sinitic languages. It is the principal method of teaching Mandarin pronunciation in Taiwan. It consists of 37 characters and five tone marks, which together can transcribe all possible sounds in Mandarin Chinese.

Bopomofo was first introduced in China during the 1910s by the Beiyang government, where it was used alongside Wade–Giles, a romanization system which used a modified Latin alphabet. Today, Bopomofo is more common in Taiwan than on the mainland, and is used as the primary electronic input method for Taiwanese Mandarin, as well as in dictionaries and other non-official documents.
Wise Foods
Wise Foods, Inc. is a company based in Berwick, Pennsylvania, that makes snacks and sells them through retail food outlets in 15 eastern seaboard states, as well as Vermont, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Washington, D.C. Best known for its several varieties of potato chips, Wise also offers Cheez Doodles, bagged popcorn, tortilla chips, pork rinds, onion rings, Dipsy Doodle chips, nachos, Quinlan brand pretzels, and French onion dips.

Wise formerly made Cheez Waffies, but the product has since been discontinued.

In 2012, Wise Foods was acquired by the Mexican company Arca Continental.

Berwick, Pennsylvania
Berwick is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Wilkes-Barre. In the 2020 census, Berwick had a population of 10,355. It is one of the two principal communities of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area, which covers Columbia and Montour counties, and had a combined population of 85,562 at the 2010 census.
San Ysidro, San Diego
San Ysidro (Californio Spanish for "St. Isidore", Spanish pronunciation: [san iˈsiðɾo]) is a district of San Diego, California, immediately north of the Mexico–United States border. It neighbors Otay Mesa West to the north, Otay Mesa to the east, and Nestor and the Tijuana River Valley to the west; together these communities form South San Diego, a practical exclave of the City of San Diego. Major thoroughfares include Beyer Boulevard and San Ysidro Boulevard.

Isidore the Laborer
Isidore the Laborer, born Isidro de Merlo y Quintana, also known as Isidore the Farmer (Spanish: San Isidro Labrador) (c. 1070 – 15 May 1130), was a Mozarab farmworker who lived in medieval Madrid. Known for his piety toward the poor and animals, he is venerated as a Catholic patron saint of farmers, and of Madrid; El Gobernador, Jalisco; Condiro Jalisco, La Ceiba, Honduras; and of Tocoa, Honduras. His feast day is celebrated on 15 May.

The Spanish profession name labrador comes from the verb labrar ("to till", "to plow" or, in a broader sense, "to work the land"). Hence, to refer to him as simply a "laborer" is a poor translation of the Spanish labrador as it makes no reference to the essential farming aspect of his work and his identity.
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.

Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery (Russian: Кирилло-Белозерский монастырь), known in English as White Lake St. Cyril's Monastery, is a male monastery of the Vologda Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church, located on the shore of Lake Siverskoye within the town of Kirillov, Russia which developed from a settlement (sloboda) that grew around the monastery. In the 15th to 17th centuries, it was one of the largest monasteries and most fortified fortresses in the Russian North.

The monastery was consecrated to the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, for which cause it was sometimes referred to as the Dormition Monastery of St. Cyril.
Administrative jurisdiction in France
The administrative jurisdiction in France is the branch of the judiciary responsible for judicial review, adjudicating and overseeing the French public administration of the state, territorial collectivities, and social security administrations, as well as resolving disputes involving them. In France, such disputes are handled by specialized judges: administrative judges.

This administrative jurisdiction generally evolved from the administration itself, which prior to 1872 judged its own disputes.

Administrative courts are fully independent tribunals, separate from judicial tribunals. They form one of the two jurisdictional orders in France, the other being the judicial order.

Proceedings are primarily written: lawyers rarely plead orally, except in certain disputes, such as those involving immigration law.

Conseil d'État
In France, the Conseil d'État ([kɔ̃sɛj deta]; Council of State) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme administrative court (one of the two branches of the French judiciary system).  Established in 1799 by Napoleon as a successor to the King's Council (Conseil du Roi), it is located in the Palais-Royal in Paris and is primarily made up of top-level legal officers. The Vice President of the Council of State ranks as the ninth most important civil servant in France.

Members of the Council of State are part of a Grand Corps of the French State (Grand corps de l'État). The Council of State mainly recruits from among the top-ranking students graduating from the École nationale d'administration.
Lock (water navigation)
A lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a chamber in a permanently fixed position in which the water level can be varied. In a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined plane, it is the chamber itself (usually then called a caisson) that rises and falls.

Locks are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to cross land that is not level. Over time, more and larger locks have been used in canals to allow a more direct route to be taken.

Sluice
A sluice (/slus/ SLOOS) is a water channel containing a sluice gate, a type of lock to manage water flow and water level. There are various types of sluice gates, including flap sluice gates and fan gates.

Sluices are used for channeling water toward a water mill, including for transporting logs from steep hillsides. Different terms are used regionally for sluices; the terms sluice, sluice gate, knife gate, and slide gate are used interchangeably in the water and wastewater control industry.
Bulun (river)
The Bulun (Russian: Булун), also known as "Rassokha", is a river in Magadan Oblast, Russia. It has a length of 428 kilometres (266 mi) and a drainage basin of 17,000 square kilometres (6,600 sq mi). The Bulun is the longest tributary of the Korkodon, of the Kolyma basin. Its river basin is located in a discontinuous permafrost zone.

The river flows across an uninhabited area of the Kolyma Mountains. Formerly there was a gold-mining settlement in its basin named Rassokha, but it was abandoned in the 1970s.

Korkodon
The Korkodon (Russian: Коркодон; Northern Yukaghir: Коркигэ) is a river in Magadan Oblast, Russian Far East. It is a right tributary of the Kolyma, with a length of 476 kilometres (296 mi) a drainage basin of 42,800 square kilometres (16,500 sq mi). The upper reaches of the river are in Omsukchansky District, then it flows across the Srednekansky District in its lower course. The name of the river originated in the Northern Yukaghir language.

The Korkodon basin is a desolate area; there are no settlements, but since the lower reaches of the river are navigable; timber rafting was carried out in the 20th century.
Nettoor
Nettoor  (also spelled as Nettur aka Tirunettur) is a region in the city of Kochi. It is around 5 km (3.1 mi) from Vytilla Junction and around 8 km (5.0 mi) from Ernakulam Junction Railway Station. Nettoor is located on Panangad Island and is a part of Maradu Municipality.

Tirunettur Railway Station on Kochi-Alappuzha railway line is situated on the northern end of Nettoor.
Both NH 66 and NH 966B passes through Nettoor.

Maradu
Maradu (Malayalam pronunciation: [mɐɾɐɖɨ̆]) is a municipality and census town in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. Maradu is an inner suburb of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located 6 km (3.7 mi) south of the Kochi city centre. As per the 2011 Indian census, Maradu has a population of 44,704 people.

On 8 May 2019, the Supreme Court of India ordered five apartments in Maradu to be demolished within one month, for violation of Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) rules, although only four of these apartments had yet been constructed. The incident received widespread media attention, and generated controversy across Kerala for the alleged corruption in the local government sector.
Nepenthes thorelii
Nepenthes thorelii /nɪˈpɛnθiːz θɒˈrɛliaɪ/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Indochina. Very little is known about N. thorelii and it is unlikely to have entered cultivation, although various other taxa are often mislabelled as this species in the plant trade. Prior to its rediscovery in 2011, N. thorelii was considered possibly extinct, both in the wild and in cultivation.

Nepenthes mirabilis
Nepenthes mirabilis (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz mɪˈræbɪlɪs/; from Latin mirabilis "wonderful") is a species of carnivorous plant in the family Nepenthaceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common names common swamp pitcher-plant and tropical pitcher plant,.

By far the most widespread of all Nepenthes, its range covers continental Southeast Asia and all major islands of the Malay Archipelago (minus the Lesser Sunda Islands and northern Philippines), stretching from China in the north to Australia in the south. The species exhibits great variability throughout its range. One of the more notable varieties, N. mirabilis var. echinostoma, is endemic to Borneo and possesses an extremely wide peristome.

The conservation status of N. mirabilis is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. In Hong Kong, it is a protected species under Forestry Regulations Cap. 96A.

According to Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek, the pitchers of N. mirabilis are used as toy phallocrypts in New Guinea.
Logstown
The riverside village of Logstown (1726?, 1727–1758) also known as Logg's Town, French: Chiningue: 356  (transliterated to Shenango) near modern-day Baden, Pennsylvania, was a significant Native American settlement in Western Pennsylvania and the site of the 1752 signing of the Treaty of Logstown between the Ohio Company, the Colony of Virginia, and the Six Nations, which occupied the region.  Being an unusually large settlement, and because of its strategic location in the Ohio Country, an area contested by France and England, Logstown was an important community for all parties living along the Ohio and tributary rivers. Logstown was a prominent trade and council site for the contending British and French colonial governments, both of which made abortive plans to construct forts near the town. Logstown was burned in 1754 and although it was rebuilt, in the years following the French and Indian War it became poor and was eventually abandoned.

Ohio Company
The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the settlement by Virginians of the Ohio Country (approximately the present U.S. state of Ohio) and to trade with the Native Americans. The company had a land grant from Britain and a treaty with Indians, but France also claimed the area, and the conflict helped provoke the outbreak of the French and Indian War.