hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MECS
MECS is the Multi-Element Code System, a markup system developed by the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen. It is very similar to SGML and XML except that it allows elements to overlap.

MECS supports limited overlap, in that a given type of element (for example a quotation), may overlap other types, but no element may overlap another of the same type.

MECS has been influential in the theory of non-hierarchical markup systems, and is discussed in many articles by Michael Sperberg-McQueen and Claus Huitfeldt, among others.

Other systems for representing overlapping markup include the Layered Markup and Annotation Language, CLIX, JITTS, EARMARK and features of the Text Encoding Initiative and the Open Scripture Information Standard.

Overlapping markup
In markup languages and the digital humanities, overlap occurs when a document has two or more structures that interact in a non-hierarchical manner.
A document with overlapping markup cannot be represented as a tree.
This is also known as concurrent markup.
Overlap happens, for instance, in poetry, where there may be a metrical structure of feet and lines; a linguistic structure of sentences and quotations; and a physical structure of volumes and pages and editorial annotations.
The Pierre
40°45′54″N 73°58′18″W﻿ / ﻿40.7650308°N 73.9716607°W﻿ / 40.7650308; -73.9716607
The Pierre is a luxury hotel located at 2 East 61st Street, at the intersection of that street with Fifth Avenue, in Manhattan, New York City, facing Central Park. Designed by Schultze & Weaver, the hotel opened in 1930 with 100+ employees, now with over a thousand. In 2005, the hotel was acquired by Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces of India. Standing 525 feet (160 m) tall, it is located within the Upper East Side Historic District as designated in 1981 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.

Taj Hotels
Taj Hotels is a chain of luxury hotels and a subsidiary of the Indian Hotels Company Limited, headquartered in Mumbai, India. Incorporated by Jamsetji Tata in 1902, the company is a part of the Tata Group. The company employed over 20,000 people in the year 2010.
Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein
Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein (born Princess Margaretha of Luxembourg; 15 May 1957) is the fourth child and second and youngest daughter of Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium. As the sister of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg and the sister-in-law of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, she is a princess of two current realms and a member of the Luxembourg and Liechtenstein reigning dynasties.

House of Liechtenstein
The House of Liechtenstein (German: Haus Liechtenstein), from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by hereditary right over the principality of Liechtenstein. Only dynastic members of the family are eligible to inherit the throne. The dynasty's membership, rights and responsibilities are defined by a law of the family, which is enforced by the reigning prince and may be altered by vote among the family's dynasts, but which may not be altered by the Government or Parliament of Liechtenstein.
Bilgaon
Bilgaon is a village in the Dhadgaon Tehsil of Nandurbar district, in Maharashtra in western India. It consists of 12 hamlets. The population recorded in the 2011 Census of India was 1840.

Notably, a micro hydro was built in 2003 mostly with the help of voluntary labour by the tribals (Shramdaan); effects of the Sardar Sarovar Dam caused it to be washed away.

The  Bollywood film Swades was based on the village. Aadiwasi Janjagruti a community media based social project operated in Dhadgaon Tehsil is making a documentary on it

Dhadgaon
Dhadgaon (also known as Akrani or Akrani Mahal) is a municipal council in Nandurbar district, Maharashtra, India. The name Akrani is derived from a local queen "Akka Rani", Rani meaning queen in Marathi. Nandurbar district has five more tehsils viz. Akkalkuwa, Taloda, Shahada, Nandurbar and Navapur. The tehsil is surrounded by Madhya Pradesh state on north and east, Shahada and Talode tehsils on south and Akkalkuwa on west. Maharashtra State Highway 1 (MSH-1) passes through the tehsil along with Akkalkuwa and Shahada. The hill station and tourist attraction Toranmal is located in this tehsil.

Bilgaon is a village in Dhadgaon tehsil known for its developmental work and serving as an inspiration for the film Swades.
Komeh Gulama Lansana
Komeh Gulama Lansana was the wife of Brigadier David Lansana, Force Commander of the Sierra Leone Army until his execution in 1975.

Lansana is the daughter of Paramount Chief Julius Gulama, one of the Founding Fathers of postcolonial Sierra Leone, and Chief Consort Lucy Gulama. Her sister Paramount Chief Madam Ella Koblo Gulama was one of Sierra Leone's foremost stateswomen.

David Lansana
Brigadier David Lansana (22 March 1922 – 19 July 1975) was a Sierra Leonean military officer and prominent military figure in Sierra Leone during its colonial and post-independence period. Lansana was one of the most distinguished officers in the history of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces, and was one of the first Sierra Leoneans to train at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Berkshire, United Kingdom.

Through his marriage to Komeh Gulama Lansana, the daughter of Paramount Chief Julius Gulama of Kaiyamba Chiefdom, Lansana was therefore a relative of Paramount Chief Ella Koblo Gulama and her husband Paramount Chief Bai Koblo Pathbana II, two of the nation's most influential politicians.

On 21 March 1967, Lansana staged Sierra Leone's first coup d'état. Lansana was charged with treason, tried and found guilty, and was eventually executed on 19 July 1975.
Lianhe Wanbao
Lianhe Wanbao (Chinese: 联合晚报; pinyin: Liánhé Wǎnbào; literally Joint Evening News) was a Singapore Chinese-language afternoon newspaper published daily by SPH Media from 16 March 1983 after the merger between the Singaporean editions of Nanyang Siang Pau and Sin Chew Jit Poh.

Lianhe Wanbao focused mainly on local and entertainment news with minimal international coverage.  As such it was in competition with another SPH paper Shin Min Daily News. Amongst Singapore readers Lianhe Wanbao was often regarded more of a tabloid published in broadsheet form, and the veracity of some reports (mostly reproduced from tabloids or gossip magazines from Hong Kong or Taiwan) was sometimes questioned.

In 2021, Lianhe Wanbao merged into Shin Min Daily News, and published its last edition on 24 December.

Shin Min Daily News
Shin Min Daily News (Chinese: 新明日报; pinyin: Xīnmíng Rìbào; lit. 'New Ming Pao Daily') is a Singapore Chinese-language afternoon newspaper published by SPH Media. It was founded on 18 March 1967, by Singapore businessman and Axe Brand Universal Oil founder Leung Yun Chee or Liang Ruzhi (梁潤之) together with Hong Kong writer Louis Cha or Jin Yong.

Shin Min is a tabloid-style paper focused on entertainment and local news with sensationalized headlines, although it is printed on broadsheets.  Its main competitor was Lianhe Wanbao, which was also published by the SPH; Lianhe Wanbao ceased publication on 24 December 2021 and merged into Shin Min.
Historical rankings of prime ministers of Australia
Several surveys of academics and the general public have been conducted to evaluate and rank the performance of the prime ministers of Australia.

According to Paul Strangio of Monash University, there has been little academic interest in ranking Australian prime ministers, unlike the numerous surveys conducted on American presidents and British prime ministers. The few surveys that have been conducted have been quite unscientific, with respondents chosen at random and no efforts made to measure personal biases. Strangio notes that "the dominant methodology for studying the nation's leaders has been individual-centered biographies [...] the relatively small number of collective anthologies have treated each prime minister discretely rather than undertaking comparative analysis of their leadership performance, let alone contemplating qualities of greatness in the office".

Historical rankings of presidents of the United States
In political studies, since the mid 20th-century, surveys have been conducted in order to construct historical rankings of the success of the presidents of the United States. Ranking systems are usually based on surveys of academic historians and political scientists, or popular opinion. The scholarly rankings focus on presidential achievements, leadership qualities, failures, and faults. Among such scholarly rankings, Abraham Lincoln is most often ranked as the best, while his predecessor James Buchanan is most often ranked as the worst. Popular-opinion polls typically focus on recent or well-known presidents.
Enbridge
Enbridge Inc. is a multinational pipeline and energy company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Enbridge owns and operates pipelines throughout Canada and the United States, transporting crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, and also generates renewable energy. Enbridge's pipeline system is the longest in North America and the largest oil export pipeline network in the world. Its crude oil system consists of 28,661 kilometres (17,809 miles) of pipelines. Its 38,300 kilometre (23,800 mile) natural gas pipeline system connects multiple Canadian provinces, several US states, and the Gulf of Mexico. The company was formed by Imperial Oil in 1949 as the Interprovincial Pipe Line Company Limited to transport Alberta oil to refineries. Over time, it has grown through acquisition of other existing pipeline companies and the expansion of their projects.

Enbridge Pipeline System
The Enbridge Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system which transports crude oil and dilbit from Canada to the United States. The system exceeds 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) in length including multiple paths. More than 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) of the system is in the United States while the rest is in Canada and serves the Athabasca oil sands production facilities. Main parts of the system are 2,306-kilometre-long (1,433 mi) Canadian Mainline and 3,057-kilometre-long (1,900 mi) Lakehead System (U.S. Mainline).  On average, it delivers 1.4 million barrels per day (220×10^3 m3/d) of crude oil and other products to the major oil refineries in the American Midwest and the Canadian province of Ontario. The Canadian portion is owned by Enbridge, while the U.S. portion is partly owned by that company through Enbridge Energy Partners, LP, formerly known as Lakehead Pipe Line Partners and Lakehead Pipe Line Company.
Check sheet
A check sheet is a form used to collect data in real time at the location where the data is generated. The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative. When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is sometimes called a tally sheet.

The check sheet is one of the so-called Seven Basic Tools of Quality Control.

Seven basic tools of quality
The seven basic tools of quality are a fixed set of visual exercises identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality. They are called basic because they are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics and because they can be used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues.
Irish flute
The Irish flute is a conical-bore, simple-system, wooden flute of the type favoured by classical flautists of the early 19th century, or to a flute of modern manufacture derived from this design (often with modifications to optimize its use in Irish Traditional Music, Scottish Traditional Music or Music of Brittany and other Celtic nations). The majority of traditional Irish flute players use a wooden, simple-system flute.

Although it is played in every county in Ireland, the flute has a strong heartland in the mid-western counties of Roscommon, Leitrim, Sligo, south Fermanagh, east Galway, Clare and west Limerick.

Simple system flute
The term simple system flute refers to the type of flute manufactured and favored by classical European musicians during the Classical era, before the development of the Boehm system flute. These flutes are based on the Baroque traverso, a lineage that also gave rise to the traditional Irish flute, and to the flutes used in Cuban charanga bands. For this reason, the term is commonly used to distinguish "traditional" Irish flutes from the modern Boehm-system flute.
Lochgelly
Lochgelly (/lɒxˈɡɛli/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Gheallaidh, IPA:[ˈɫ̪ɔxˈʝaɫ̪ai]) is a town in Fife, Scotland. It is located between Lochs Ore and Gelly to the north-west and south-east respectively. It is separated from Cowdenbeath by the village of Lumphinnans. According to the 2007 population estimate, the town has a population of 6,834.

Loch Gelly
Loch Gelly (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Gheallaidh) is a small loch in Fife, Scotland lying approximately 1.5 km to the south east of the town of Lochgelly which itself is named after the loch. The Gaelic name of the loch, Loch Gheallaidh, can be loosely translated as Loch of Shining Waters or Loch of Brightness. It is a broad, shallow flat bottomed basin approximately 1.75 km in length from west to east and 0.75 km wide at its maximum breadth.

In May 1583, Sir John Wemyss built a fort on the south side of the loch and kept an armed boat to prevent the Boswells of Balmuto from fishing in the loch.

Land around the loch is owned by Wemyss 1952 Trustees.

The loch was surveyed on 11 May 1905 by Sir John Murray and later charted as part of The Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.
Jessica Graf
Jessica Furtado Nickson (née Graf; born December 11, 1990) is an American reality television personality, actress, and model. She first came to national prominence after competing in Big Brother 19, where she placed 12th. After Big Brother, Graf went on to win The Amazing Race 30 with her fellow Big Brother competitor and then boyfriend (now husband) Cody Nickson.

Cody Nickson
Cody Lee Nickson (born April 13, 1985) is an American reality television personality, best known for competing in Big Brother 19 and winning The Amazing Race 30 with his then fiancée Jessica Graf. Previously, Nickson served in the United States Air Force and United States Marine Corps.
Alexander Zaitsev (pair skater)
Alexander Gennadyevich Zaitsev (Russian: Александр Геннадьевич Зайцев, born 16 June 1952) is a Russian retired pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With partner Irina Rodnina, he is a two-time (1976, 1980) Olympic champion, six-time World champion and seven-time European champion. They were coached by Stanislav Zhuk and later Tatiana Tarasova in Moscow.

From 1973 to 1980 they won every event they entered and are, to date, the most decorated pair team of all time.

Stanislav Zhuk
Stanislav Alekseyevich Zhuk (Russian: Станислав Алексеевич Жук, listenⓘ; 25 January 1935 – 1 November 1998) was a pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With his wife Nina, he won three silver medals at the European Figure Skating Championships and finished sixth at the 1960 Winter Olympics.

He later went on to a long career as a coach. Among the pairs he coached were Olympic gold medalists Irina Rodnina and Alexander Zaitsev and Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergei Grinkov. Tatyana Zhuk was his younger sister.
The Crystal (tabloid)
The Crystal (simplified Chinese: 晶报; traditional Chinese: 晶報; pinyin: Jīngbào) was a Shanghai-based tabloid published between 1919 and 1940. Initially a supplement to the Shenzhou Daily, it was established by Yu Daxiong and initially edited by Zhang Danfu. First published on 3 March 1919, subsequent issues were released every three days, with reported circulation ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 copies. The tabloid was closed in 1940, having been warned against the publication of lewd articles the previous year.

Topics covered in The Crystal varied, and included news, gossip, and advertisements, as well as rumours. Particular emphasis was given to discussion of courtesans and nightclub hostesses, though the publication –  unlike many of its contemporaries –  also discussed matters of same-sex relationships and intersex people. The Crystal has been identified as Shanghai's most famous tabloid.

Shenzhou Daily
Shenzhou Daily (simplified Chinese: 神州日报; traditional Chinese: 神州日報; pinyin: Shénzhōu rìbào), also called The National Herald, was a Chinese newspaper from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. It was founded on April 2, 1907, and ceased publication in January 1927; it resumed publication on October 10, 1936, but its influence was much less than before, and ceased publication again in 1941 due to the outbreak of the Pacific War; it resumed publication on January 1, 1945, and ended publication in December of the following year. During its nearly twenty years of publication from 1907 to 1927, it was one of the more influential newspapers in Shanghai at the time.
The Atlantic Paranormal Society
The Atlantic Paranormal Society (TAPS) is an organization that investigates reported paranormal activity. Based in Warwick, Rhode Island, TAPS was founded in 1990 by Jason Hawes as Rhode Island Paranormal Society (RIPS). In 1995, Grant Wilson joined, and the team was renamed The Atlantic Paranormal Society (TAPS). In 2004, the organization itself became the subject of Ghost Hunters, a popular weekly American paranormal reality television series on the Syfy channel. The show ran for eleven seasons on Syfy in the US. The show aired in the UK nine months after the US premier on Living It.

Jason Hawes
Jason Conrad Hawes (born December 27, 1971) is an American plumber and the co-founder of The Atlantic Paranormal Society (TAPS), which is based in Warwick, Rhode Island. He is also one of the stars and co-producers of Syfy's Ghost Hunters, which ended its initial run after its eleventh season on October 26, 2016. Several years later, the show was renewed and revived for a 12th season at A&E, with new episodes premiering in August 2019 without Hawes's participation, although he was mentioned in two episodes of A&E version Ghost Hunters by Grant Wilson. TAPS co-founder and former lead investigator Grant Wilson returned to lead a brand new team, while Hawes moved on to lead his own show with Ghost Hunters alumni Dave Tango and Steve Gonsalves in Ghost Nation, which is no longer airing on the Travel Channel since October 2019. The series ended in 2021 when the trio returned to Ghost Hunters after it moved to Travel Channel.
Lars Mjøen
Lars Lennart Heiberg Mjøen (born 13 November 1945) is a Norwegian comedian, actor, singer, screenwriter, director, editor and author. He is best known as a member of the comedy trio KLM, alongside Trond Kirkvaag and Knut Lystad.

Trond Kirkvaag
Trond Georg Kirkvaag (21 June 1946 – 16 November 2007) was a Norwegian comedian, actor, impressionist, screenwriter, author, director and television host. During his 39 years at the Norwegian TV network, NRK, he produced numerous comedy television series. After his death he was widely hailed by his colleagues as possibly the greatest Norwegian TV comedian in history. He was the son of NRK journalist and television host Rolf Kirkvaag.
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
An associate justice of the Supreme Court (Filipino: Kasangguning Mahistrado ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman) is one of fifteen members of the Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The chief justice presides over the high court, but carries only one of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the chief justice is deemed primus inter pares ("first among equals") among the justices.

Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the court. Since then, 15 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. The most recent woman to be appointed to the high tribunal is Maria Filomena Singh, a former justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines on May 18, 2022.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Bedworth
Bedworth (/ˈbɛdwərθ/ or locally /ˈbɛdərθ/) is a market town in the borough of Nuneaton and Bedworth, Warwickshire, England.  It is situated between Coventry, 5 miles (8.0 km) to the south, and Nuneaton, 3 miles (5 km) to the north. In the 2021 census the town had a population of 31,090. The town is pronounced locally as "Beduth", but as "Bedworth" almost everywhere else.

Nuneaton and Bedworth
Nuneaton and Bedworth is a local government district with borough status in Warwickshire, England. It includes the towns of Nuneaton (where the council is based) and Bedworth, as well as a modest rural hinterland including the village of Bulkington.

The neighbouring districts are Rugby, Coventry, North Warwickshire and Hinckley and Bosworth.
Bareq
Bareq (Arabic: بارق; also transliterated as Bāriq), is a governorate located in the Asir Province of Saudi Arabia in the north-west of the province, 120 km (75 mi)  north of Abha. It occupies a distinct location  midway between Tihamah and Asir, 412 m (1,352 ft) above sea level. With an estimated population of 75,351, it is well off economically; the city has grown rapidly and has many government services and public utilities available. It is one of Asir's winter resorts because of its natural environment and mild winter weather. Bareq has valleys.

Abha
Abha (Arabic: أَبْهَا, ʾAbhā) is the capital of Asir Province in Saudi Arabia. It is situated 2,270 metres (7,450 feet) above sea level in the fertile Asir Mountains of south-western Saudi Arabia, near Asir National Park. Abha's mild climate makes it a popular tourist destination for Saudis. Saudis also call the city the Bride of Mountain due to its position above the sea.
WBQT (FM)
WBQT (96.9 MHz "Hot 96.9") is a commercial FM radio station in Boston, Massachusetts, owned by the Beasley Broadcast Group and airing an urban-leaning rhythmic hot AC radio format. WBQT's studios and offices are located in Waltham, and it transmits from atop the Prudential Tower in Boston's Back Bay neighborhood.

Beasley Broadcast Group
Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc., based in Naples, Florida, is an owner/operator of radio stations in the United States.  As of February 2026, the company owns 49 stations under the Beasley Media Group name.
Nobody (producer)
Elvin Estela (born March 14, 1977), better known by his stage name Nobody, is an American hip hop producer based in Los Angeles, California. He is a resident DJ at Low End Theory. He has collaborated with 2Mex, Abstract Rude, Freestyle Fellowship, Busdriver, and Mystic Chords of Memory. He has also been a member of Blank Blue and Bomb Zombies. Better Propaganda placed him at number 73 on the "Top 100 Artists of the Decade" list.

Busdriver
Regan Farquhar (born February 12, 1978), better known by his stage name Busdriver (sometimes stylized in all caps), is an American rapper and producer from Los Angeles. He has collaborated with rappers such as Myka 9, R.A.P. Ferreira, Nocando, Open Mike Eagle, 2Mex, Aesop Rock and Radioinactive. His primary producers have been Daedelus, Boom Bip, Daddy Kev, Loden, Paris Zax, Omid, Kenny Segal, and Nobody. He has also worked with D-Styles on two albums.