hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panamintaspis
Panamintaspis snowi is an extinct species of pteraspidid heterostracan agnathan which existed during the early Middle Devonian period of Death Valley, California.  Fossils are found in Late Emsian-aged marine strata of the Lost Burro Formation.  P. snowi strongly resembles Pteraspis, though while it was originally described as a member of the same family, Pteraspididae, a recent phylogenetic reassessment of the order Pteraspidiformes places P. snowi within the paraphyletic family "Protopeteraspidae," as the sister taxon of the suborder Pteraspidoidei (the super-taxon that contains Pteraspididae together with Protaspididae and Gigantaspis).

The generic name refers to the Panamint Range in Death Valley where the holotype and other specimens were found.  The specific name honors one J. C. Snow, the man who discovered the holotype.

Pteraspidiformes
Pteraspidiformes is an extinct order of heterostracan agnathan vertebrates known from extensive fossil remains primarily from Early Devonian strata of Europe and North America, and from Upper Silurian Canada.
Lingang Avenue station
Lingang Avenue (simplified Chinese: 临港大道; traditional Chinese: 臨港大道; pinyin: Língǎng Dàdào) is a station on Line 16 of the Shanghai Metro in Shanghai, China. The station is located in the center of Nanhui New City. From here, the Universities Shanghai Maritime University and Shanghai Ocean University can be reached by bus. It opened on 29 December 2013 as part of the first section of Line 16 from Luoshan Road to Dishui Lake.

Since 1 October 2018, to accommodate the openings of Haichang Ocean Park which stands close to the station, all trains served (including rapid services, except express services) stop at this station.

The station has 3 tracks, one island platform, and one side platform. The inner island platform is not in service. Trains heading to Longyang Road use the outer island platform, whilst trains towards Dishui Lake use the side platform. This station utilizes the same platform layout as one of its neighbouring stations, Shuyuan, on the same line.

Dishui Lake station
Dishui Lake (Chinese: 滴水湖; pinyin: Dīshuǐ Hú) is the southern terminal station on Line 16 of the Shanghai Metro, located at Lingang Avenue (临港大道) between Shuiyun Road (水芸路) and Yunjuan Road (云鹃路) in the far southeast of Pudong New Area. It serves the artificial Dishui Lake and Shanghai Maritime University, both within a short distance of the station. It is currently the southernmost and easternmost station on the Shanghai Metro, and opened on 29 December 2013 as part of the first section of Line 16 from Luoshan Road to Dishui Lake.
SMS Wacht
SMS Wacht was an aviso of the Imperial German Navy, the lead ship of her class. She had one sister ship, Jagd. Wacht was built by the AG Weser shipyard; she was laid down in 1886, launched in August 1887, and commissioned in August 1888. She served in the active fleet through the 1890s and participated in numerous training exercises. Her career was cut short on 4 September 1901, when she collided with the old ironclad SMS Sachsen. The latter's ram bow holed Wacht under the waterline and caused her to rapidly sink. Her crew was safely rescued, however, and there were no casualties.

SMS Sachsen (1877)
SMS Sachsen  was the lead ship of her class of four ironclads of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy). Her sisterships were Bayern, Württemberg, and Baden. Sachsen was built in the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin. She was laid down in April 1875, launched on 21 July 1877, and commissioned on 21 October 1878. The ship was armed with a main battery of six 26 cm (10.2 in) guns in individual open mounts.

Sachsen was built when the German navy was primarily concerned with coastal defense against either French or Russian fleets. The ship participated in routine fleet maneuvers for the duration of her active career. On her last such fleet exercise, in 1901, she accidentally rammed and sank the aviso Wacht. The following year, Sachsen was placed in reserve, and in 1911, she was used as a target hulk for the fleet. The ship was eventually broken up for scrap in 1919, following the German defeat in World War I.
Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy
The Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy is awarded once a year by the Inamori Foundation for lifetime achievements in the arts and philosophy. The Prize is one of three Kyoto Prize categories; the others are the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology and the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences. The first Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy was awarded to Olivier Messiaen in 1985, the "greatest composer to have emerged from 20th century France". The Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in fields not traditionally honored with a Nobel Prize.

Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences
The Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences is awarded once a year by the Inamori Foundation. The Prize is one of three Kyoto Prize categories; the others are the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology and the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy. The first Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences was awarded to Claude Elwood Shannon, the “Establishment of Mathematical Foundation of Information Theory”. The Prize is regarded as a prestigious award available in fields which are traditionally not honored with a Nobel Prize.
South River (South Fork Shenandoah River tributary)
The South River is one of the two main tributaries of the South Fork of the Shenandoah River. It begins south of Waynesboro, Virginia, and flows northward to Port Republic, where it merges with the North River to form the South Fork. The river is 52.6 miles (84.7 km) long.

Waynesboro, Virginia
Waynesboro (/ˈweɪnzbʌroʊ/; formerly Flack) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is one of two cities in the Staunton-Stuarts Draft Metropolitan Statistical Area, with Staunton being the largest. Waynesboro is located in the Shenandoah Valley and is surrounded by Augusta County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 22,196.
Iqroop Singh Ghuman
Lieutenant General Iqroop Singh Ghuman, PVSM, AVSM, ADC is a commissioned officer of the Indian Army. He was the General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C), Central Command of the Indian Army. He took office on 2 October when Lt Gen Abhay Krishna retired.

Abhay Krishna
Lieutenant General Abhay Krishna, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC is a retired officer of Indian Army. He served as General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C), Central Command from 1 October 2018 following the retirement of Lieutenant General Balwant Singh Negi, to 30 September 2019. He was succeeded by Lieutenant General Iqroop Singh Ghuman. Prior to that, he commanded the Eastern Command and South Western Command of the Indian Army
Dragon Harper
Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey, part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967. Published forty years later, it was the twenty-first in the series.

Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon's Kin and Dragon's Fire feature the character Kindan as a boy and young man, about 500 years after landing on Pern (500 AL). They were the first collaborations by mother and son.

Dragon's Kin
Dragon's Kin is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey. Published by Del Rey Books in 2003, it is the eighteenth book in the Dragonriders of Pern series and the first with Todd as co-author.

Dragon's Kin may be considered the first of a trilogy by the McCaffreys, preceding Dragon's Fire and Dragon Harper. Primarily the three books feature Kindan as a boy and young man, about 500 years after landing on Pern (500 AL).
Glacial lake outburst flood
A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a type of outburst flood caused by the failure of a dam containing a glacial lake. An event similar to a GLOF, where a body of water contained by a glacier melts or overflows the glacier, is called a jökulhlaup. The dam can consist of glacier ice or a terminal moraine. Failure can happen due to erosion, a buildup of water pressure, an avalanche of rock or heavy snow, an earthquake or cryoseism, volcanic eruptions under the ice, or massive displacement of water in a glacial lake when a large portion of an adjacent glacier collapses into it.

Increasing glacial melting because of climate change, alongside other environmental effects of climate change (i.e. permafrost melting) mean that regions with glaciers are likely to see increased flooding risks from GLOFs. This is especially true in the Himalayas where geologies are more active.

A 2023 study found 15 million people at risk from this hazard, mostly in China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Peru.

Proglacial lake
In geology, a proglacial lake is a lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine during the retreat of a melting glacier, a glacial ice dam, or by meltwater trapped against an ice sheet due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. At the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago, large proglacial lakes were a widespread feature in the northern hemisphere.
Trans World Express
Trans World Express (TWE) was the fully owned and certified regional carrier for Trans World Airlines (TWA) and an airline trademark name for TWA's corporation.

Trans World Express - The formerly independent regional airline known as Ransome Airlines previously owned by Pan Am (PA) before its purchase by the Trans World Corporation for TWA.

TWE - the outsourced carriers flying as Trans World Express:
Air Midwest
Alpha Air
Trans States Airlines
Metro Air Northeast

When American Airlines bought TWA, the regional airlines functioning under the Trans World Express "banner" became affiliated with American Airlines under the name and new banner air carrier branding AmericanConnection. Trans World Express service at that time was being provided by Trans States Airlines, Chautauqua Airlines, and Corporate Airlines (later RegionsAir).

RegionsAir
RegionsAir was a 14 CFR Part 121 regional airline based out of the Smyrna Airport in Smyrna, Tennessee, USA. The hub airports for RegionsAir were Lambert-St. Louis International Airport (STL) and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE).

RegionsAir operated under a code-sharing agreement with TWA and American Airlines to provide flights to communities as AmericanConnection from Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, and as Continental Connection from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport.

RegionsAir ceased all operations on March 8, 2007, and furloughed all of its employees a month later.
Gioffre Borgia
Gioffre Borgia (1481 – January 1517), also known as Goffredo Borgia (Italian) or Jofré Borja (Valencian), was the youngest illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei, and a member of the House of Borgia. He was the youngest brother of Cesare, Giovanni, and Lucrezia Borgia.

Lucrezia Borgia
Lucrezia Borgia (18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was an Italian noblewoman of the House of Borgia who was the illegitimate daughter of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei. She was a former governor of Spoleto.

Her family arranged several marriages for her that advanced their own political position, including to Giovanni Sforza, Lord of Pesaro and Gradara, Count of Cotignola; Alfonso of Aragon, Duke of Bisceglie and Prince of Salerno; and Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. Alfonso of Aragon was an illegitimate son of the King of Naples, and tradition has it that Lucrezia's brother Cesare may have had him murdered after his political value waned.

Notorious tales about her family have cast Lucrezia as a femme fatale, a controversial role in which she has been portrayed in many artworks, novels, and films.
Miko
A miko (巫女), or shrine maiden, is a young priestess who works at a Shinto shrine. Miko were once likely seen as shamans, but are understood in modern Japanese culture to be an institutionalized role in daily life, trained to perform tasks ranging from sacred cleansing to performing the sacred Kagura dance.

Kagura
Kagura (神楽(かぐら), "god-entertainment") is a type of Shinto ritual ceremonial dance. The term is a contraction of the phrase kami no kura ("seat of god"), indicating the presence of gods (kami) in the practice.

One major function of kagura is chinkon (purifying and shaking the spirit), involving a procession-trance process. Usually a female shaman will perform the dance and obtain the oracle from the god—in the setting, the dancer herself turns into the god during the performance. Once strictly a ceremonial art derived from kamigakari (神懸, "oracular divinification"), kagura has evolved in many directions over the span of more than a millennium. Today, it is very much a living tradition, with rituals tied to the rhythms of the agricultural calendar, thriving primarily in parts of Shimane Prefecture, and urban centers such as Hiroshima.
Kázim-i-Samandar
S͟hayk͟h Káẓim-i-Samandar (Persian: کاظم  سمندر; died 1918), known as Samandar, was an eminent follower of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith.  He was born to a prominent Baháʼí family of Qazvin of Bábí and Shaykhi background. Favored by Baháʼu'lláh, he was identified as one of his nineteen Apostles.

Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh
The Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh were nineteen prominent followers of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith. The apostles were designated as such by Shoghi Effendi, head of the religion in the earlier half of the 20th century, and the list was included in The Baháʼí World, Vol. III (pp. 80–81).

These individuals played a vital role in the development of the Baháʼí Faith, consolidating its adherents and bringing its teachings around the world. To Baháʼís, they filled a similar role as the sons of Jacob, the apostles of Jesus, Muhammad's companions, or the Báb's Letters of the Living.
Lester E. Cox
Lester Edmund Cox (August 22, 1895 – August 14, 1968) was an American business executive with interests in mass media, distribution, transportation, and banking in southwest Missouri. He is best known for his service to Burge Hospital (CoxHealth), which adopted his namesake upon his death.

CoxHealth
CoxHealth is a six-hospital, 1,074 bed not-for-profit healthcare system headquartered in Springfield, Missouri. It serves a 25 county region of Southwest Missouri and Northwest Arkansas. CoxHealth is Springfield's largest employer, and the 9th largest non-governmental employer in the state of Missouri, with more than 14,000 people employed throughout the system.
Cleveland Orchestra
The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.  Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the "Big Five".  The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Music Center. Its current music director is Franz Welser-Möst.

Severance Hall
Severance Hall, also known as Severance Music Center, is a concert hall in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, home to the Cleveland Orchestra. Opened in 1931 to give the orchestra a permanent home, the building is named for patrons John L. Severance and his wife, Elisabeth Huntingdon DeWitt Severance. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Cleveland’s Wade Park District.

In addition to serving as the Cleveland Orchestra’s home and as a commencement site for Case Western Reserve University, Severance Hall is available to rent for concerts, weddings, corporate events, and receptions. On Severance Hall’s ground floor is Reinberger Chamber Hall, a separate 402-seat auditorium that is frequently used for more intimate performances and pre-concert lectures.
Ågskardet
Ågskardet is a village in Meløy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the southern side of the Holandsfjorden, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) north of the village of Tjong (in neighboring Rødøy Municipality). There were 127 inhabitants in 2008.

The village lies along Norwegian County Road 17, with a ferry connection to a port, just west of the village of Halsa. The ferry is the only connection to the rest of Meløy Municipality to the north. The village is situated just north of the border with Rødøy Municipality. The village has its own school, chapel/community centre, and some private companies.

Meløy Municipality
Meløy is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Salten traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ørnes. Other villages include Eidbukt, Neverdal, Glomfjord, Halsa, Reipå, Støtt, and Ågskardet.

The municipality is situated just to the north of the Arctic Circle on Norway's west coast. It encompasses the island of Meløya and some 700 other islands of various sizes around the Meløyfjorden, Glomfjorden, and Holandsfjorden in the south, along with a stretch of mainland coast.

The 874-square-kilometre (337 sq mi) municipality is the 133rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Meløy Municipality is the 157th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,180. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Findlay Group
The Findlay Group is a group of islands in the Arctic Archipelago in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. This Arctic Ocean group consists of Lougheed Island,A Stupart Island,B Edmund Walker Island,C Grosvenor IslandD and Patterson Island.E

Stupart Island
Stupart Island is one of the uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada. It lies in the Arctic Ocean, south-east of Lougheed Island and west of Edmund Walker Island. It is part of the Findlay Group.
Jeffrey P. Gold
Jeffrey Philip Gold (born August 16, 1952) is an American surgeon, medical educator, and academic administrator who has been the president of the University of Nebraska system since July 1, 2024. Prior to that, he served as the chancellor of the University of Nebraska Medical Center since February 1, 2014, as well as the executive vice president and provost of the University of Nebraska system since 2021. He also previously served as the interim chancellor and then chancellor of the University of Nebraska Omaha from May 2017 to June 2021.

On April 26, 2024, the Board of Regents selected Gold to become the ninth President of the University of Nebraska, and he took office officially on July 1, 2024.

President of the University of Nebraska
The president of the University of Nebraska is the chief administrator of the University of Nebraska system and is selected by the university system's board of regents. Nine individuals have held the post as well as four others in an interim capacity. The position has been held by Jeffrey P. Gold since July 1, 2024.
Mount Vernon, Virginia
Mount Vernon is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 12,914 at the 2020 census.  Primarily due to its historical significance and natural recreation and beauty, the Mount Vernon area receives over one million tourists each year.

While the name "Mount Vernon"—drawn from the Mount Vernon estate, the home of George Washington located south of Alexandria—is often used locally to refer to the entire unincorporated area between Old Town Alexandria and Fort Belvoir, Mount Vernon as defined by the Census Bureau encompasses only the portion bounded by the Potomac River to the south, Fort Belvoir to the west, U.S. Route 1 to the north, and Little Hunting Creek to the east.

Fort Belvoir
Fort Belvoir (/ˈbɛlvwɑːr/ BEL-vwar) is a United States Army installation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It was developed on the site of the former Belvoir plantation, seat of the prominent Fairfax family for whom Fairfax County was named.  It was known as Camp A. A. Humphreys from 1917 to 1935 and Fort Belvoir afterward.

Fort Belvoir is home to a number of significant United States military organizations. With nearly twice as many workers as the Pentagon, Fort Belvoir is the largest employer in Fairfax County. Fort Belvoir comprises three geographically distinct areas: main base, Davison Army Airfield, and Fort Belvoir North.
Herbert MacNair
James Herbert "Bertie" MacNair, also spelt as McNair (23 December 1868 – 22 April 1955), was a Scottish artist, designer and teacher whose work contributed to the development of the Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style) during the 1890s. He formed the Glasgow-based artist group The Four together with his wife, Frances MacDonald, and his in-laws; Margaret MacDonald and Charles Rennie Mackintosh.

Glasgow School
The Glasgow School was a circle of influential artists and designers that began to coalesce in Glasgow, Scotland in the 1870s, and flourished from the 1890s to around 1910. Representative groups included The Four (also known as the Spook School), the Glasgow Girls and the Glasgow Boys. Part of the international Art Nouveau movement, they were responsible for creating the distinctive Glasgow Style (see Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)).

Glasgow experienced an economic boom at the end of the 19th century, resulting in an increase in distinctive contributions to the Art Nouveau movement, particularly in the fields of architecture, interior design and painting.
German Society of Montreal
The German Society of Montreal (French: Société allemande de Montréal; German: Deutsche Gesellschaft zu Montreal) is a Montreal-based non-profit organization with the mission to promote the German language and culture in Montreal and to promote the health and welfare of Montrealers of all origins. The Society was founded as an association of German-speaking business people and professionals in 1835 and was incorporated by the Act to incorporate the German Society of Montreal, a public act of the Province of Canada in 1865. Today, the Society is an important social and cultural institution in Montreal's German and German-speaking community.

An Act to incorporate the German Society of Montreal
An Act to incorporate the German Society of Montreal (the Act) is a public act of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, introduced, passed and assented to in the 3rd Session of the 8th Parliament in 1865, the 28th year of the reign of Queen Victoria. The purpose of the legislation was to vest the German Society of Montreal, a charitable association founded in 1835 with corporate powers to better achieve its mission.

The introduction of Bill 53 (A bill to incorporate the German Society of Montreal) followed a petition (Petition 126) by Henry Meyer, Ernest Idler, J. P. Seybold, Gottlieb Reinhard, Christian Beck and David Maysenholder, being officers and members of the German Society in February 1865.
Dover, Massachusetts
Dover is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,923 at the time of the 2020 United States Census.

Located about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Dover is a residential town nestled on the south banks of the Charles River. Almost all of the residential zoning requires 1 acre (4,000 m2) or larger. As recently as the early 1960s, 75% of its annual town budget was allocated to snow removal, as only one and a half miles (2.4 km) of the town's roads are state highway.

Dover is bordered by Natick, Wellesley and Needham to the north, Westwood to the east, Walpole and Medfield to the south, and Sherborn to the west.

For geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Dover, please see the article Dover (CDP), Massachusetts.

Needham, Massachusetts
Needham (/ˈniːdəm/ NEED-əm) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. A suburb of Boston, its population was 32,091 in the 2020 U.S. Census. It is the home of Olin College of Engineering. It’s also home to 4 commuter rail stations along the Needham Line.