hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disinvestment from South Africa
Disinvestment from South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s in protest against South Africa's system of apartheid, but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. A disinvestment policy the U.S. adopted in 1986 in response to the disinvestment campaign is credited with playing a role in pressuring the South African government to embark on negotiations that ultimately led to the dismantling of the apartheid system.

Disinvestment
Disinvestment refers to the use of a concerted economic boycott to pressure a government, industry, or company towards a change in policy, or in the case of governments, even regime change. The term was first used in the 1980s, most commonly in the United States, to refer to the use of a concerted economic boycott designed to pressure the government of South Africa into abolishing its apartheid regime. The term has also been applied to actions targeting Iran, Sudan, Northern Ireland, Myanmar, Israel, China and Russia.
Hawthorne, New Jersey
Hawthorne is a borough in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 19,637, an increase of 846 (+4.5%) from the 2010 census count of 18,791, which in turn reflected an increase of 573 (+3.1%) from the 18,218 counted in the 2000 census.

Hawthorne was established by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 24, 1898. The borough was created from parts of the now-defunct Manchester Township, which also consisted of present-day Haledon, North Haledon, Prospect Park, Totowa, and parts of Fair Lawn and Paterson. The borough was named for novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Prospect Park, New Jersey
Prospect Park is a borough in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 6,372, an increase of 507 (+8.6%) from the 2010 census count of 5,865, which in turn reflected an increase of 86 (+1.5%) from the 5,779 counted in the 2000 census.

The borough of Prospect Park was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 13, 1901, from portions of the now-defunct Manchester Township. The borough was named for Prospect Park, Brooklyn.

It is a dry town, where alcohol cannot be sold, as affirmed by an ordinance passed in 1978.
Opelousa
The Opelousa (also Appalousa) were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands in Louisiana. They lived near present-day Opelousas, Louisiana, west of the lower Mississippi River, in the 18th century. At various times, they allied with the neighboring Atakapa and Chitimacha peoples.

Atakapa
The Atakapa /əˈtækəpə, -pɑː/ or Atacapa were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, who spoke the Atakapa language and historically lived along the Gulf of Mexico in what is now Texas and Louisiana.

They included several distinct bands. They spoke the Atakapa language, which was a linguistic isolate.

After 1762, when Louisiana was transferred to Spain following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, little was written about the Atakapa as a people. Due to a high rate of deaths from infectious epidemics of the late 18th century, they ceased to function as a people. Survivors generally joined the Caddo, Koasati, and other neighboring peoples, although they kept some traditions. Some culturally distinct Atakapan descendants survived into the early 20th century. There are several unrecognized tribes who identify as having descent from the Atakapa.
Qayum Karzai
Abdul Qayum Karzai (Pashto: قيوم کرزی; 1947 – 29 May 2024) was an Afghan politician and businessman. He was the elder brother of former President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired for health reasons and had "reportedly been involved in backchannel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia."

It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepared his departure from office in 2014.

Under pressure from his brother Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul.

Ahmed Wali Karzai
Ahmad Wali Karzai (Pashto: احمد ولي کرزی, Aḥmad Walī Karzay, 1961 – 12 July 2011) was an Afghan politician who served as Chairman of the Kandahar Provincial Council from 2005 until his assassination. He was the younger paternal half-brother of former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and an elder of the Popalzai tribe. Wali Karzai had formerly lived in the United States, where he managed a restaurant owned by his family. He returned to Afghanistan following the removal of the Taliban government in late 2001. He had been accused of political corruption and was allegedly on the CIA payroll. He was assassinated at his residence by one of his close bodyguards, Sardar Mohammad, on 12 July 2011.
Bruce Warner (Shortland Street)
Sir Bruce Warner is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street. He was portrayed by Ken Blackburn and was introduced as Chris Warner's (Michael Galvin) womanising father.

The character of Bruce was written with antagonistic characteristics, with his storylines often focusing on his rivalry with CEO Michael McKenna (Paul Gittins) and his attempts at taking over the hospital. He would often go behind his family's backs and either try to buy out the hospital or indulge in numerous affairs. Bruce's wish was finally granted in 1995 when Michael retired; however, only after signing the ownership deal of the hospital did Bruce realize Michael had the last laugh as Bruce was barred from holding any managerial positions, only being a silent partner.

Bruce's arrogant persona alongside his constant womanizing, had a severe effect on both of his sons with Chris becoming the mirror image of his father and Guy (Craig Parker) blaming Bruce for his drug addiction.

Guy Warner
Guy Warner is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street who was portrayed by Craig Parker in a guest role in 1992 before returning as core cast from 1993 to 1996. Guy returned for the shows 15th anniversary in May 2007 and again from December 2007 to April 2008. He would make further cameos in 2020, 2023 and 2024.
KLBK-TV
KLBK-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Lubbock, Texas, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group, which provides certain services to ABC affiliate KAMC (channel 28) under a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Mission Broadcasting. The two stations share studios on University Avenue in south Lubbock, where KLBK-TV's transmitter is also located.

KAMC
KAMC (channel 28) is a television station in Lubbock, Texas, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Mission Broadcasting, which maintains a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of CBS affiliate KLBK-TV (channel 13), for the provision of certain services. The two stations share studios on University Avenue in south Lubbock, where KAMC's transmitter is also located.
Pennsylvania Route 643
Pennsylvania Route 643 (PA 643) is a 7.3-mile-long (11.7 km) state highway located in Fulton County, Pennsylvania.  The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 522 (US 522) in Bethel Township.  The western terminus is at Interstate 70 (I-70) in Brush Creek Township.

Interstate 70 in Pennsylvania
Interstate 70 (I-70) is an Interstate Highway that is located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States. It runs east to west across the southwest part of Pennsylvania and serves the southern fringe of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

About half of this route is concurrent with I-76 on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, which is a toll road. This is the oldest segment of I-70 in Pennsylvania, having been completed in 1940, and is only one of two segments of I-70 that are tolled, with the other being the Kansas Turnpike.

I-70 is one of only a few Interstate Highways to have a traffic signal—in this case, with U.S. Route 30 (US 30) in Breezewood, where it leaves the Pennsylvania Turnpike and heads toward Maryland.
Prince Motoyoshi
Prince Motoyoshi (元良親王, Motoyoshi shinnō, 890-July 26, 943) was a poet and nobleman of the Heian period. One of his poems is included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu as number 20 in the anthology. Twenty of his poems were included in the Gosen Wakashū; a personal anthology entitled Motoyoshi Shinnō-shū (元良親王集) is also extant.

He was the eldest son of Emperor Yōzei. His wives included Shūshi, a daughter of Emperor Daigo, and Kaishi, a daughter of Emperor Uda.

Emperor Yōzei
Emperor Yōzei (陽成天皇, Yōzei-tennō; 2 January 869 – 23 October 949) was the 57th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Yōzei's reign spanned the years from 876 through 884.
Chan I-hua
Chan I-hua (Chinese: 詹益樺; pinyin: Zhān Yìhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiam Ek-hôa; 22 February 1957 – 19 May 1989) was a Taiwanese pro-democracy activist and graduate of Lunghwa University of Science and Technology.  He performed self-immolation on May 19, 1989, when the funeral procession of fellow activist Cheng Nan-jung (who had similarly immolated himself) was blocked by the police in front of the Presidential Office Building in Taipei on what is now called Ketagalan Boulevard.

Cheng Nan-jung
Cheng Nan-jung (鄭南榕, Hokkien: Tēnn Lâm-iông; nicknamed Nylon Deng; 12 September 1947 – 7 April 1989) was a Taiwanese publisher and pro-democracy activist. He was the founder of the Freedom Era Weekly. He is most known internationally for setting himself on fire in support of freedom of speech.
Seneca River (New York)
The Seneca River flows 61.6 miles (99.1 km) through the Finger Lakes region of Upstate New York in the United States. The main tributary of the Oswego River – the second-largest river flowing into Lake Ontario – the Seneca drains 3,468 square miles (8,980 km2) in parts of fourteen New York counties. The Seneca flows generally east, and is wide and deep with a gentle gradient. Much of the river has been channelized to form part of the Erie Canal.

Oswego River (New York)
The Oswego River (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/) is a river in upstate New York in the United States. It is the second-largest river (after the Niagara River) flowing into Lake Ontario. James Fenimore Cooper’s novel The Pathfinder, or The Inland Sea is set in the Oswego River valley.

The name Oswego is a Mohawk name that means "flowing out", or specifically, "small water flowing into that which is large".
Peter II of Portugal
Dom Pedro II (Peter II; 26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706), nicknamed the Pacific (Português: o Pacífico) was King of Portugal from 1683 until his death, previously serving as regent for his brother Afonso VI from 1668 until his own accession. He was the fifth and last child of John IV and Luisa de Guzmán.

Afonso VI of Portugal
Dom Afonso VI (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu]; 21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683), known as "the Victorious" (o Vitorioso), was the second king of Portugal of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Luisa de Guzmán, until 1662, when he removed her to a convent and took power with the help of his favourite, D. Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 3rd Count of Castelo Melhor.

Afonso's reign saw the end of the Restoration War (1640–68) and Spain's recognition of Portugal's independence. He also negotiated a French alliance through his marriage. In 1668, his brother Pedro II conspired to have him declared incapable of ruling, and took supreme de facto power as regent, although nominally Afonso was still sovereign. Queen Maria Francisca, Afonso's wife, received an annulment and subsequently married Pedro. Afonso spent the rest of his life and reign practically a prisoner.
Oak Island (North Carolina)
Oak Island is located on the Atlantic Ocean coast in Brunswick County, North Carolina near the South Carolina border.  A barrier island, it contains the towns of Oak Island and Caswell Beach, Fort Caswell (since 1949 home to the North Carolina Baptist Assembly) and the Oak Island Coast Guard Station which is co-located with the Oak Island Lighthouse.  Almost 13 miles long, the island averages about one mile wide. As of 2020 the island had 8,791 permanent residents, while the summertime population can swell to nearly 50,000.

Oak Island, North Carolina
Oak Island is a seaside town located in the southeastern corner of North Carolina, United States. Part of Brunswick County, the major portion of the town is on Oak Island which it shares with Caswell Beach. Founded in 1999 as the result of the consolidation of two existing towns, Oak Island's main industry is tourism. Per the 2020 census, the town has a permanent population of 8,396 while its summer population is near 50,000. It along with the town of Caswell Beach is part of the Wilmington, NC, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
U.S. Route 129
U.S. Route 129 (US 129) is an auxiliary route of US 29, which it intersects in Athens, Georgia. US 129 currently runs for 582 miles (937 km) from an intersection with US 19/US 27 ALT/US 98 in Chiefland, Florida, to an interchange with Interstate 40 (I-40) in Knoxville, Tennessee. It passes through the states of Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. It goes through the cities of Macon, Athens, Gainesville, and Knoxville.

The first 11 miles of US 129 in Tennessee, from Deals Gap on the North Carolina–Tennessee state line to the southern terminus of the Foothills Parkway, is known as The Tail of the Dragon from its winding course. It is a popular motorcycle and sports car destination. This segment is claimed by locals to have 318 curves in 11 miles, although the true number of curves is lower.

U.S. Route 29
U.S. Route 29 or U.S. Highway 29 (US 29) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs for 1,043.3 miles (1,679.0 km) from Pensacola, Florida, to Ellicott City, Maryland, just west of Baltimore, Maryland, in the Eastern United States, connecting the Florida Panhandle to the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The highway takes on an overall northeast–southwest direction, from its southern terminus at US 90 and US 98 in Pensacola to its northern terminus at Maryland Route 99 (MD 99) in Ellicott City.

The section of US 29 between Greensboro, North Carolina, and Danville, Virginia, has been designated as Future Interstate 785 (Future I-785) and has received future Interstate signs in several locations along that route. It will become an official Interstate Highway once improvements have been completed.

From Auburn, Alabama, to Greensboro, I-85 runs parallel to US 29, which serves primarily as a local route along that stretch.
Sunninghill and Ascot
Sunninghill and Ascot is a civil parish in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead and takes up most of the south-east corner of the English county of Berkshire. It covers the town of Ascot, and the village of Sunninghill including the neighbourhoods Cheapside and South Ascot. As well as part of the village of North Ascot.

South Ascot
South Ascot is a village just south of and down the hill from the small town of Ascot in the English county of Berkshire. It is bounded on the west by the Kingsride area of Swinley Woods, on the north by the Reading to Waterloo railway line and merges with Sunninghill to the east.
Dagnall
Dagnall is a village in the parish of Edlesborough, in Buckinghamshire, England.

The place name is derived from the Old English for "Daegga's Knoll". In manorial rolls of 1196 it was listed as Dagenhale.
The spelling Dagenhale appears in a legal record of 1450. Thomas Bradwater is listed as a husbandman of the place.

Dagnall is in the Chiltern Hills and in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is next to the Ashridge Estate, owned and managed by The National Trust.

Edlesborough
Edlesborough is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale area of Buckinghamshire, England. Edlesborough is about 3 miles (5 km) west-south-west of Dunstable and immediately south of the village of Eaton Bray, just over the county boundary in Bedfordshire.

The parish dates back to Saxon times. Prior to the Norman conquest of 1066, it was held by the theign Ulf. After the conquest, it was held by Gilbert of Ghent as recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book. The Lower Icknield Way, a prehistoric track that runs below the Chiltern Escarpment, runs through the village and aligns with the church mound.

As well as the village of Edlesborough itself, the civil parish also includes the hamlets of Dagnall, Northall and part of Ringshall. Hudnall was transferred in 1885 to the parish of Little Gaddesden in Hertfordshire.
Kilgore College Rangerettes
The Kilgore College Rangerettes, also known simply as the Rangerettes, are the world's first women's precision drill team, from Kilgore College in Kilgore, Texas, United States. They were created by Gussie Nell Davis in 1940. The Rangerettes have performed in 76 Cotton Bowl game halftimes in a row (Jan 1951-Jan 2026), and make regular appearances at NFL pre-game and half-time shows for the Dallas Cowboys and Houston Texans. The Rangerettes perform at Kilgore College football games, and in many other athletic and special events, including the Cotton Bowl game, the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, and five presidential inaugurations. They have taken several world tours since the 1970s, including South America, Hong Kong, Macao, South Korea, Romania, France, Canada, Japan, Italy, Switzerland, England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Kilgore College
Kilgore College (KC) is a public community college in Kilgore, Texas. It has an annual enrollment in excess of 5,000 students and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award the associate degree. The college was established in 1935 at the height of the East Texas oil boom, and as such, is home to the East Texas Oil Museum which houses a large collection of memorabilia documenting this period of Texas history. It is also famous for having the first ever dance-drill team, the Kilgore College Rangerettes, which began in 1940 under the direction of Gussie Nell Davis.
Arteriovenous malformation
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. Usually congenital, this vascular anomaly is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system (usually as a cerebral AVM), but can appear anywhere in the body. The symptoms of AVMs can range from none at all to intense pain or bleeding, and they can lead to other serious medical problems.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation
A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cerebral AVM, CAVM, cAVM, brain AVM, or BAVM) is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain—specifically, an arteriovenous malformation in the cerebrum.
Semi-abelian category
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, a semi-abelian category is a pre-abelian category in which the induced morphism  is a bimorphism, i.e., a monomorphism and an epimorphism, for every morphism .

The history of the notion is intertwined with that of a quasi-abelian category, as, for awhile, it was not known whether the two notions are distinct (see quasi-abelian category#History).

Quasi-abelian category
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, a quasi-abelian category is a pre-abelian category in which the pushout of a kernel along arbitrary morphisms is again a kernel and, dually, the pullback of a cokernel along arbitrary morphisms is again a cokernel.

A quasi-abelian category is an exact category.
Kingery Expressway
The Robert Kingery Expressway, formerly called the Tri-State Highway, is a three-mile-long (5 km), eight-lane freeway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. It carries Interstate 80 (I-80) and Interstate 94 (I-94) from the Illinois–Indiana border at the Borman Expressway west to Illinois Route 394 (IL 394), I-294 (the Tri-State Tollway), and the southern end of the Bishop Ford Freeway (where I-94 turns north to downtown Chicago). It also carries U.S. Route 6 (US 6) west from the Indiana state line to the US 6 exit with IL 83 (Torrence Avenue).

U.S. Route 6 in Illinois
U.S. Route 6 (US 6) in the state of Illinois is an east–west arterial surface road that runs 179.88 miles (289.49 km) from the city of Moline in the Quad Cities area to Lansing at the Indiana state line.
Saint Paul and Pacific Railroad
The Saint Paul and Pacific Railroad (also known as the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad and the SP&P) was a shortline railroad in the state of Minnesota in the United States which existed from 1857 to 1879. Founded as the Minnesota and Pacific Railroad, it was the state's first active railroad. It went bankrupt, and the state changed its name to the Saint Paul and Pacific Railroad.  The SP&P went bankrupt as well. It was taken over by James Jerome Hill and others, who used the railroad as the basis for building the Great Northern Railway.

Great Northern Railway (U.S.)
The Great Northern Railway (reporting mark GN) was an American Class I railroad. Running from Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington, it was the creation of 19th-century Canadian-American railroad entrepreneur James J. Hill and was developed from the Saint Paul & Pacific Railroad. The Great Northern's route made it the northernmost transcontinental railroad in the U.S.

In 1970, the Great Northern Railway merged with three other railroads to form the Burlington Northern Railroad, which merged in 1996 with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway.
Diesel Loco Shed, Abu Road
Diesel Loco Shed, Abu Road is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for diesel locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Abu Road railway station (ABR) in Abu Road city in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. It is one of the two diesel loco sheds of the North Western Railway, the others being at Bhagat ki Kothi.

North Western Railway zone
The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur. It has a route length of more than 5,761 kilometres (3,580 mi) across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana. NWR operates international rail service Thar Express from Jodhpur to Karachi. This zone is the key enabler of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project by virtue of running railways 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Acton, Massachusetts
Acton is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, approximately 21 miles (34 km) west-northwest of Boston along Massachusetts Route 2 west of Concord and about ten miles (16 km) southwest of Lowell. The population was 24,021 in April 2020, according to the United States Census Bureau. It is bordered by Westford and Littleton to the north, Concord and Carlisle to the east, Stow, Maynard, and Sudbury to the south and Boxborough to the west. Acton became an incorporated town in 1735. The town employs the Open Town Meeting form of government with a town manager and an elected, five-member select board.

Acton was named the 11th Best Place To Live among small towns in the country by Money Magazine in 2015, and the 16th best in 2009 and in 2011. The local high school, Acton-Boxborough Regional High School, was named a Blue Ribbon School by the U.S. Department of Education in 2009.

Boxborough, Massachusetts
Boxborough is  a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,506 at the 2020 census. The town name is often simplified to "Boxboro" on highway signs and official documents.