hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ewan Carmichael
Major General Ewan Blythe Carmichael, CBE, OStJ, QHDS is a British dentist and retired senior British Army officer. From September 2012 to September 2014, he was the Director General of the Army Medical Services. He is the current Chairman of the Society for Army Historical Research.

Army Medical Services
The Army Medical Services (AMS) is the organisation responsible for administering the corps that deliver medical, veterinary, dental and nursing services in the British Army. It is headquartered at the former Staff College, Camberley, near the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.

On 15 November 2024, with the exception of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, the constituent corps of the AMS amalgamated to form a new Corps, the Royal Army Medical Service. The AMS long predates any of the four constituent Corps, with the term dating back at least to the Napoleonic Wars, and the new Corps will take the precedence formerly held by the RAMC in the British Army’s order of battle.
Simblaspis
Simblaspis is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish of the Early Devonian period. The type species Aleosteus eganensis was described in 1958, and was found in Pragian strata of the Qasr Limestone in Saudi Arabia.

It is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, closely related to Aleosteus, as shown in the cladogram below:

Arthrodira
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of placoderms.
Habis
Habis (from the Cynete language meaning fawn) is a legendary king of the Spanish region of Tartessos. The only source of the legend of Habis and his father Gargoris is the work Epitome by Justin, who copied it from the now lost work Philippic Histories by Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus.

Gargoris
Gargoris was a mythical king of the Cynetes, considered part of the people of Tartessos, and, according to legend, the inventor of beekeeping.

He exiled his own son, Habis, who was adopted by a female deer and saved from the sea, and who later inherited the kingdom.
Enrolled agent
In the United States, an Enrolled Agent (EA) is a tax advisor, specifically a federally authorized tax practitioner who, after passing a three-part Special Enrollment Examination, has been licensed and empowered by the Internal Revenue Service, a division of the United States Department of the Treasury. Enrolled Agents, acting as attorneys-in-fact, may represent taxpayers before the IRS for any and all tax matters. This is in addition to providing traditional tax preparation, filing, and transmittal services.

Enrolled Agent status is the highest credential awarded by the IRS. According to the National Association of Enrolled Agents, there are approximately 87,000 practicing EAs in the United States.

Tax advisor
A tax advisor or tax consultant is a person with advanced training and knowledge of tax law. The services of a tax advisor are usually retained in order to minimize taxation while remaining compliant with the law in complicated financial situations. Tax advisors are also retained to represent clients before tax authorities and tax courts to resolve tax issues.
Bicycle brake
A bicycle brake reduces the speed of a bicycle or prevents the wheels from moving. The two main types are: rim brakes and disc brakes. Drum brakes are less common on bicycles.

Most bicycle brake systems consist of three main components: a mechanism for the rider to apply the brakes, such as brake levers or pedals; a mechanism for transmitting that signal, such as Bowden cables, hydraulic hoses, rods, or the bicycle chain; and the brake mechanism itself, a caliper or drum, to press two or more surfaces together in order to convert, via friction, kinetic energy of the bike and rider into thermal energy to be dissipated.

Brake pad
Fully-metallic

Semi-metallic

Ceramic

Non-metallic

Brake pads are a component of disc brakes used in automotive and other applications. Brake pads are composed of steel backing plates with friction material bound to the surface that faces the disc brake rotor
.
Acylation
In chemistry, acylation is a broad class of chemical reactions in which an acyl group (R−C=O) is added to a substrate. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent.  The substrate to be acylated and the product include the following:

alcohols, esters

amines, amides

arenes or alkenes, ketones

A particularly common type of acylation is acetylation, the addition of the acetyl group. Closely related to acylation is formylation, which employ sources of "HCO+ in place of "RCO+".

Acyl group
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group (R−C=O) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group (H−C=O). In organic chemistry, the acyl group (IUPAC name alkanoyl if the organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen. Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids. In the most common arrangement, acyl groups are attached to a larger molecular fragment, in which case the carbon and oxygen atoms are linked by a double bond.
Wincanton Classic
Wincanton Classic (also known as Leeds International Classic and Rochester International Classic) was a cycling classic taking place in the United Kingdom as part of the UCI Road World Cup.

It was first held in 1989 in Newcastle, moving to Brighton in 1990 and 1991. The following year it was moved to Leeds, to be known as Leeds International Classic between 1994 and 1996. In its last year it was held in Rochester as Rochester International Classic. In 1998 it was replaced in the UCI Road World Cup by the HEW Cyclassics.

UCI Road World Cup
The UCI Road World Cup was a season-long road cycling competition, organised annually by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) from 1989 until 2004.

The World Cup was made up of ten one-day races chosen from the classics. Riders accumulated points based on finishing positions across various events, with scoring for individuals and teams. In the years of the competition, points were awarded to the top 25 finishers in each round, ranging from 100 points for the winner to 1 point for 25th place. The rider leading the overall standings wore a distinctive jersey for subsequent events.

Following the 2004 season, the competition was discontinued. It was replaced by the UCI ProTour and the UCI Continental Circuits, which began in 2005.
Marandoo mine
The Marandoo mine is an iron ore mine located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, 45 kilometres east of Tom Price.

The mine is owned and operated by Rio Tinto and is one of seventeen iron ore mines the company operates in the Pilbara. In 2009, the combined Pilbara operations produced 202 million tonnes (450 billion pounds) of iron ore, a 15 percent increase from 2008. The Pilbara operations accounted for almost 13 percent of the world's 2009 iron ore production of 1.59 billion tonnes (3.5 trillion pounds).

The mine, alongside the rail, is within a narrow corridor that splits Karijini National Park into a northern and a southern half. The Hamersley Range, where the mine is located, contains 80 percent of all identified iron ore reserves in Australia and is one of the world's major iron ore provinces.

Hamersley Range
The Hamersley Range is a mountainous region of the Pilbara region of Western Australia.  The range was named on 12 June 1861 by explorer Francis Thomas Gregory after Edward Hamersley, a prominent promoter of his exploration expedition to the northwest.

The range is one of the oldest mountain ranges on Earth and primarily consists of ancient rock formations, including banded iron formations (BIFs), that are about 2.5 billion years old. The Pilbara Craton, which underlies the Hamersley Range, dates back to around 3.4 billion years, but the range itself is younger than that. The deformation that began uplift of the region and created the tightly folded rocks of the range began around 2.2 billion years ago, during the Ophthalmia Orogeny. This would make it approximately the 6th oldest mountain range in the world.

Karijini National Park (formerly known as Hamersley Range National Park) lies within the range.
The DUFF
The DUFF (teen slang for "designated ugly fat friend") is a 2015 American teen comedy film directed by Ari Sandel. The screenplay by Josh Cagan was based on the 2010 novel of the same name by Kody Keplinger. The film stars Mae Whitman, Robbie Amell, Bella Thorne, Nick Eversman, Skyler Samuels, Bianca Santos, Allison Janney, and Ken Jeong.

The DUFF was distributed by CBS Films via Lionsgate. CBS also produced the film with Vast Entertainment and Wonderland Sound and Vision. It was released on February 20, 2015, and was the first film for which Lionsgate took over CBS Films' distribution functions. It received positive reviews from critics, with praise for Whitman's performance. Comparisons were frequently drawn to the cult teen films Mean Girls (2004) and Easy A (2010). Against a budget of $8.5 million, the film grossed $43 million at the box office.

Bianca Santos
Bianca Alexa Santos (born July 26, 1990) is an American actress known for her roles as Lexi Rivera in the Freeform drama series The Fosters and as Lucy Velez in the MTV comedy series Happyland. She also starred in the films Ouija (2014), The DUFF (2015), and Priceless (2016).
Tina Knowles
Celestine Ann "Tina" Beyoncé Knowles (née Beyoncé, born January 4, 1954) is an American businesswoman, fashion designer, author, and philanthropist known for establishing the brands House of Deréon and Miss Tina by Tina Knowles. She is the mother of singers Beyoncé and Solange Knowles and was married until 2011 to their father Mathew Knowles, the manager of Destiny's Child. For her contribution to the fashion business, Knowles was honored at the Accessories Council Excellence Awards in 2001.

Accessories Council Excellence Awards
The Accessories Council Excellence Awards, known as the ACE Awards, were created in 1996 by the Accessories Council to pay homage to individuals and groups who have helped raise awareness of the accessories industry. Their purpose is to celebrate those who have had a positive impact on accessory consumption during the prior year. Nominees are voted on by accessory-industry insiders, retailers, the Accessories Council Board of Directors and the fashion press. Winners are announced in advance of the annual event, which usually takes place at the beginning of November.
Steve Sciullo
Steven William Sciullo (born August 27, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Indianapolis Colts and Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football for the Marshall Thundering Herd.

Marshall Thundering Herd football
The Marshall Thundering Herd football team is an intercollegiate varsity sports program of Marshall University. The team represents the university as a member of the Sun Belt Conference East Division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, playing at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level.

Marshall plays at Joan C. Edwards Stadium, which seats 38,227 and is expandable to 55,000. At the end of the 2024 football season, Marshall had a 192–45 record at Joan C. Edwards Stadium for a winning percentage of .810. The stadium opened in 1991 as Marshall University Stadium with a crowd of 33,116 for a 24–23 win over New Hampshire. On September 10, 2010, Marshall played the in-state rival West Virginia Mountaineers in Huntington in front of a record crowd of 41,382. Joan C. Edwards Stadium is one of two Division I stadiums named for a woman. The playing field is named James F. Edwards Field after Joan Edwards' husband, who was a businessman and philanthropist.
Bilall Dreshaj
Bilall Dreshaj (1910–1987), better known as Biko, was an ethnic Albanian military leader and Nazi collaborationist in Kosovo and Novi Pazar in Yugoslavia.

He was born in the village of Glogovik, Tutin, the part of the Ottoman Empire. During World War II he fought in the Battle for Novi Pazar against the communists and the Chetniks.

Battle of Novi Pazar
The Battle of Novi Pazar was fought during World War II, between the Pro-Axis Albanian forces against Chetniks and Partisans in the city of Novi Pazar, Sandžak, in the German-occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Despite launching three assaults, the Chetniks and Partisans failed to capture Novi Pazar from the Albanian forces defending it.

During World War II, the territory of Sandžak was the subject of territorial disputes between Germany, Italy, as well as the local Muslim and Albanian populations. Due to the multiple insurgent, ethnic and religious groups in the region, persecution and genocide of Serbs, Jews and Romani people characterised the conflict in Yugoslavia.
Vinnie Dombroski
Vinnie Dombroski (born December 4, 1962) is an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist and main songwriter for the rock band Sponge. He also fronted the short-lived supergroup Spys4Darwin, and has been a member of several Detroit-based bands throughout his career.

Dombroski is also the lead vocalist and co-founder of the Lucid alongside bassist David Ellefson (ex-Megadeth), guitarist Drew Fortier (ex-Bang Tango), and drummer Mike Heller (ex-Fear Factory).

Spys4Darwin
Spys4Darwin were an American rock supergroup formed in Seattle, Washington in 2001. The short-lived project featured members from Seattle-based groups Queensrÿche and Alice in Chains as well as the frontman of Detroit, Michigan-based group Sponge. Spys4Darwin began with guitarist Chris DeGarmo and drummer Sean Kinney, two friends who had both recently performed with Jerry Cantrell during his solo tour. They were soon joined by bassist Mike Inez and vocalist Vin Dombroski, and began jamming at Binge Studios, a former abandoned paint factory in Seattle. The project marked DeGarmo's first creative work since departing from his long-held position in Queensrÿche in 1998.
Miami (Will Smith song)
"Miami" is a song by American rapper and actor Will Smith from his debut solo album, Big Willie Style (1997). It samples the Whispers's 1979 single "And the Beat Goes On". Released as a single on November 23, 1998, the song charted at number 17 on the  Billboard Hot 100 and number three on the UK Singles Chart.

"Miami" won the Best Male Video award at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards. The video, which incorporates the first two verses and refrains of the selection's "radio edit" followed by the third verse and refrain of its "Miami Mix", features an early on-screen appearance of Smith's future Hitch co-star, Eva Mendes.

And the Beat Goes On (The Whispers song)
"And the Beat Goes On" is a 1979 single by the American music group the Whispers. The song was their first of two number-one singles on the Soul chart, and their first Top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 19. "And the Beat Goes On" was the group's only number-one song on the dance chart. It was also their first and biggest hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. The song also peaked at number 27 on the Canadian RPM chart and was in the Canadian Top 100 for 21 weeks.

In 1996 after Phyllis Hyman died, the Whispers honored her with a musical: Thank God! The Beat Goes On. The fictionalized story intertwines the long-running career of the Whispers with the rise of Hyman, using songs by the Whispers including ones Hyman sang with them such as "The Beat Goes On". The Whispers played themselves while R&B singer Alyson Williams played the role of Hyman.
Khao Chamao–Khao Wong National Park
Khao Chamao - Khao Wong National Park, is a National Park in Khao Chamao District, Rayong Province in Thailand. The park covers an area of 52,300 rai ~ 84 square kilometres (32 sq mi) of forested mountains. North of the national park is the larger Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary.

Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary
The Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary (Thai: เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าเขาอ่างฤๅไน) is a protected area at the western extremities of the Cardamom Mountains in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Founded in 1977, it is an IUCN Category IV wildlife sanctuary, with an area of 674,352 rai ~ 1,078 km2 (416 sq mi). South-east of, and connected with, the wildlife sanctuary is the Khao Sip Ha Chan National Park. South-west of the protection is the Khao Chamao–Khao Wong National Park.

The sanctuary is partly covered by lowland evergreen forest, along with dry and moist evergreens, mixed deciduous, deciduous dipterocarp, as well as grassland.
The Hughleys
The Hughleys is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC from September 22, 1998, to April 28, 2000, and on UPN from September 11, 2000, to May 20, 2002. It was co-created by comedian D.L. Hughley and Matt Wickline and starred comedian Hughley as the main character, Darryl Hughley, and Elise Neal as Yvonne, his hard-working wife, who move their family from the inner city to suburban Los Angeles.

D. L. Hughley
Darryl Lynn Hughley (/ˈhjuːɡliː/; born March 6, 1963) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. Hughley is best known as the original host of BET's ComicView from 1992 to 1993, the eponymous character on the ABC/UPN sitcom The Hughleys, and as one of the "Big Four" comedians in The Original Kings of Comedy. Additionally, he has been the host of CNN's D. L. Hughley Breaks the News, a correspondent for The Jay Leno Show on NBC, and a local radio personality and interviewer in New York City. In early 2013, D. L. Hughley landed in ninth place on Dancing with the Stars.
2008–09 Toto Cup Al
The 2008–09 Toto Cup Al was the twenty-seventh season of the third most important football tournament in Israel since its introduction and fifth under the current format. It was held in two stages. First, twelve Premier League teams were divided into three groups. The winners and runners-up, as well as two best third placed teams from each group, advanced to the Quarterfinals. Quarterfinals and Semifinals were held as two-legged matches, while the Final was one-legged match held at Ramat Gan Stadium. The defending champions were Maccabi Haifa. Maccabi Tel Aviv won the 2008–09 Toto Cup Al making it their third Toto Cup title overall.

2008–09 Israeli Premier League
The 2008–09 Israeli Premier League season began on 30 August 2008, and ended on 1 June 2009. Beitar Jerusalem were the defending champions, having won their 6th league title the previous year.

Two teams from Liga Leumit were promoted at the end of the previous season: Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan and Hapoel Petah Tikva. The two teams relegated were Hapoel Kfar Saba and Maccabi Herzliya.

At a 24 June 2008 IFA administration meeting it was decided that the league would be expanded to 16 clubs for the following season. Due to the expansion, only one team was relegated directly to Liga Leumit, while five clubs were promoted. The eleventh-ranked team played in a play-off match against the sixth-ranked team from Liga Leumit.

Maccabi Haifa clinched their 11th title after a 0–2 win against Maccabi Netanya on 23 May 2009.
Green laver
Green laver (/ˈleɪvər, ˈlɑːvər/), known as aonori (アオノリ; 青海苔) in Japan, sea cabbage (海白菜) or hutai (滸苔) in China, and parae (파래) and kim (김) in Korean, is a type of edible green seaweed, including species from the genera Monostroma and Ulva (Ulva prolifera, Ulva pertusa, Ulva intestinalis). It is commercially cultivated in some bay areas in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, such as Ise Bay. It is rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, lithium, vitamins, and amino acids such as methionine. It is also called aosa (アオサ, Ulva pertusa) in some places in Japan.

Sea lettuce
The sea lettuces comprise the genus Ulva, a group of edible green algae that are widely distributed along the coasts of the world's oceans. The type species within the genus Ulva is Ulva lactuca, lactuca being Latin for "lettuce". The genus also includes the species previously classified under the genus Enteromorpha, which are known under the common name green nori.
Decagram (geometry)
In geometry, a decagram is a 10-point star polygon. There is one regular decagram, containing the vertices of a regular decagon, but connected by every third point. Its Schläfli symbol is {10/3}.

The name decagram combines a numeral prefix, deca-, with the Greek suffix -gram. The -gram suffix derives from γραμμῆς (grammēs) meaning a line.

Star polygon
In geometry, a star polygon is a type of non-convex polygon. Regular star polygons have been studied in depth; while star polygons in general appear not to have been formally defined, certain notable ones can arise through truncation operations on regular simple or star polygons.

Branko Grünbaum identified two primary usages of this terminology by Johannes Kepler, one corresponding to the regular star polygons with intersecting edges that do not generate new vertices, and the other one to the isotoxal concave simple polygons.

Polygrams include polygons like the pentagram, but also compound figures like the hexagram.

One definition of a star polygon, used in turtle graphics, is a polygon having q ≥ 2 turns (q is called the turning number or density), like in spirolaterals.
Dick Tracy
Dick Tracy is an American comic strip featuring Dick Tracy, a tough and intelligent police detective created by Chester Gould. It made its debut on Sunday, October 4, 1931, in the Detroit Mirror, and was distributed by the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate. Gould wrote and drew the strip until 1977, and various artists and writers have continued it.

Dick Tracy has also been the hero in a number of films, including Dick Tracy (1990) in which Warren Beatty played the lead.

Tom De Haven praised Gould's Dick Tracy as an "outrageously funny American Gothic", while Brian Walker described it as a "ghoulishly entertaining creation" which had "gripping stories filled with violence and pathos".

Chester Gould
Chester Gould (/ɡuːld/; November 20, 1900 – May 11, 1985) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the Dick Tracy comic strip, which he wrote and drew from 1931 to 1977, incorporating numerous colorful and monstrous villains.
SANRAL
SANRAL (officially the South African National Roads Agency SOC Ltd) is a South African parastatal responsible for the management, maintenance, and development of South Africa's national road network.

The network includes many of the country's National ("N") roadways, as well as some of its Provincial and Regional ("R") ones.

SANRAL reports to the Department of Transport, headed by the Minister of Transport. SANRAL works alongside similar agencies, such as PRASA, ACSA, and the RTMC.

National routes in South Africa
National routes in South Africa are a class of trunk roads and freeways which connect major cities. They form the highest category in the South African route numbering scheme, and are designated with route numbers beginning with "N", from N1 to N18. Most segments of the national route network are officially proclaimed National Roads that are maintained by the South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL), but some segments are maintained by provincial or local road authorities.

The system was mostly built during the 1970s by the National Party government of South Africa, although construction of new roads and repairs of existing stretches continue today. The system was modeled on the United States Interstate Highway network.

Although the terms National Road and National Route are sometimes regarded as synonymous, they have distinct meanings, and not all national routes are National Roads, while some "R"-numbered routes are proclaimed National Roads.