hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Waterloo, Iowa
Waterloo is a city in and the county seat of Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. It is the eighth-most populous city in Iowa, with a population of 67,314 at the 2020 census. Waterloo comprises a twin conurbation with neighboring municipality Cedar Falls, and is the larger of the two cities. The Waterloo – Cedar Falls metropolitan area has an estimated 170,000 residents.

Waterloo is a major manufacturing, commercial, and cultural center in Northeast Iowa. John Deere, a brand renowned for its tractors, engines, and other agricultural machinery, has been manufacturing its products in the city for over a century. Locally known as the “Factory City,” Waterloo has played a significant role in the production of these important agricultural tools. Waterloo is bisected by the Cedar River flowing southeastward.

Cedar Falls, Iowa
Cedar Falls is a city in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city population was 40,713. Cedar Falls is home to the University of Northern Iowa (UNI), a public university.

Cedar Falls, along with neighboring city Waterloo, Iowa, are the two principal municipalities within the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Cedar River traverses the vicinity to the southeast.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Bauchi State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Bauchi State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Bauchi State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

2023 Nigerian Senate election
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections were held on 25 February 2023 in all 109 senatorial districts where voters elected senators using first-past-the-post voting. The last regular senatorial elections for all districts were in 2019.

Other federal elections, including the elections to the House of Representatives and the presidential election, were also held on the same date while state elections was held two weeks afterwards on 11 March. The winners of these Senate elections will serve beginning in the 10th Nigerian National Assembly. The APC have held a majority in the Senate since the 2015 elections and solidified that majority in 2019.

As of May 2023, the APC had retained its 59 seats, while the PDP had lost 3 for a total of 37. The Labour Party won seats in its own name for the first time, taking 7 mandates, while smaller parties, such as the NNPP and Social Democratic Party, took a total of 5. One seat has not yet been called.
Battle of Mobekk
The Battle of Mobekk was fought on 18 May 1808 between Swedish and Norwegian forces, during the Swedish invasion of Norway. After the Swedish victory at Lier, Bernhard Ditlef von Staffeldt ordered Johan Georg Ræder to attack the right flank of Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt's brigade, along the Skinnarbøl river. The Norwegians managed to force a few Swedish outposts across the river, but met fierce resistance at the main Swedish redoubt at Mobekk; Ræder conducted three fruitless assaults before retreating with his force, after five hours of fighting. The battle had no strategic effect as Armfelt retreated out of Norway in May and June, after misinterpreting the orders from the Swedish king Gustav IV Adolf advocating for him to act defensively.

Dano-Swedish War (1808–1809)
The Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809 was a war between Denmark–Norway and Sweden due to Denmark–Norway's alliance with France and Sweden's alliance with the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars. Neither Sweden nor Denmark-Norway had wanted war to begin with but once pushed into it through their respective alliances, Sweden made a bid to acquire Norway by way of invasion while Denmark-Norway made ill-fated attempts to reconquer territories lost to Sweden in the 17th century. Peace was concluded on grounds of status quo ante bellum on 10 December 1809.
Francesco Battaglini
Francesco Battaglini (13 March 1823 – 8 July 1892) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Bologna.

He was born in the Archdiocese of Bologna and received the sacrament of confirmation on 7 October 1827. He was educated at the University of Bologna where he earned his doctorate in theology in 1848. He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 September 1845.

After his doctorate he was a professor of philosophy and theology at the Seminary of Bologna, until 1878.

Archdiocese of Bologna
The Archdiocese of Bologna (Latin: Archidioecesis Bononiensis; Italian: Arcidiocesi di Bologna) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Northern Italy. The cathedra is in the cathedral church of San Pietro, Bologna. The current archbishop is Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, who was installed in 2015.

The Archdiocese of Bologna is a metropolitan archdiocese and has three suffragan dioceses within its ecclesiastical province: the Diocese of Imola, the Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana, and the Archdiocese of Ferrara-Comacchio.
Propertius
Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age. He was born around 50–45 BC in Assisium (now Assisi) and died shortly after 15 BC.

Propertius's surviving work comprises four books of Elegies (Elegiae). He was a friend of the poets Gallus and Virgil and, with them, had as his patron Maecenas and, through Maecenas, the emperor Augustus. Although Propertius was not as renowned in his own time as other Latin elegists, he is today regarded by scholars as a major poet.

Gaius Maecenas
Gaius Cilnius Maecenas ([ˈɡaːiʊs̠ ˈkɪɫ̪niʊs̠ mae̯ˈkeːnaːs̠] 13 April 68 BC – 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to Octavian (who later reigned as emperor Augustus). He was also an important patron for the new generation of Augustan poets, including both Horace and Virgil. In many languages, his name is an eponym for "patron of arts".

During the reign of Augustus, Maecenas served as a quasi-culture minister to the Roman emperor but in spite of his wealth and power he chose not to enter the Senate, remaining of equestrian rank.
Eliza Showell
Eliza Showell (1895–1978) was an English-born child migrant sent to Canada in 1908 as part of the British Home Children programme. In Canada, she was placed in indentured service. Her story inspired The Home Child, a poetry collection by Liz Berry, Showell's great-niece.

Home Children
Home Children was the child migration scheme under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Rhodesia and South Africa. The programme was largely discontinued in Canada in the 1930s but not entirely terminated in Australia until the 1970s.

Research beginning in the 1980s exposed abuse and hardships of the relocated children. Australia apologised in 2009 for its involvement in the scheme. In February 2010, UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. Canadian Immigration Minister Jason Kenney stated in 2009 that Canada would not apologise to child migrants, preferring to "recognize that sad period" in other ways.
Bethnal Green and Stepney
Bethnal Green and Stepney is a parliamentary constituency in Greater London, which returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Covering 6.8km2, it is the smallest UK parliamentary constituency.

The seat first existed between 1983 and 1997 and was re-established under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies which came into effect for the 2024 general election. In the intervening period, the seat was largely replaced by Bethnal Green and Bow.

Since 2024, the constituency has been represented by Rushanara Ali who was previously MP for Bethnal Green and Bow from 2010 to 2024.

Bethnal Green and Bow
Bethnal Green and Bow was a constituency in Greater London, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2010 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Rushanara Ali of the Labour Party.

Under the 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies, the majority of the constituency was incorporated into the re-established seat of Bethnal Green and Stepney, with Bow being included in the newly created constituency of Stratford and Bow.
Altai accentor
The Altai accentor (Prunella himalayana) is a species of bird in the family Prunellidae. It is also known as the rufous-streaked accentor or Himalayan accentor. It breeds in the Altai Mountains of western Mongolia; it winters in the southern Tian Shan and Himalayan ranges.

Accentor
The accentors are a genus of birds in the family Prunellidae, which is endemic to the Old World. This small group of closely related passerines are all in the genus Prunella. All but the dunnock and the Japanese accentor are inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia; these two also occur in lowland areas, as does the Siberian accentor in the far north of Siberia. These birds are not strongly migratory, but they will leave the coldest parts of their range in winter and make altitudinal movements.
Abuyama Kofun
Abuyama Kofun (阿武山古墳)  is an Asuka period burial mound, located on Mount Abu, on the border of the Nasahara neighborhood of the city of Takatsuki and the Ai neighborhood of the city of Ibaraki, Osaka Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan.  In 1934, the interred remains of an ancient nobleman were excavated from underground, and it has been hypothesized that the tomb was dedicated to the 7th century statesman Fujiwara no Kamatari, who is known as the founder of the powerful Fujiwara clan.  The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1983.

Ibaraki, Osaka
Ibaraki (茨木市, Ibaraki-shi) is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 285,224 in 132,300 households and a population density of 3,700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 76.49 square kilometres (29.53 sq mi). It is a suburban city of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Florence Boulevard
Florence Boulevard, originally known as the Prettiest Mile in Omaha Boulevard, is a boulevard-type north-south street in the northern part of Omaha, Nebraska. With the start of construction in 1892, Florence Boulevard was the first roadway in Omaha's boulevard system designed by Horace Cleveland. It was also the first in Omaha to be fully lit with electric lamps.

Today the boulevard navigates the neighborhoods of the Near North Side, including Conestoga Place, and goes north through Kountze Place, Miller Park, and the southern end of Florence, where it merges with J.J. Pershing Drive.

Boulevards in Omaha, Nebraska
Boulevards in Omaha are part of a park and boulevard system originally designed in 1889 by Horace Cleveland. There are more than one hundred miles (160 km) of boulevards throughout the city of Omaha, Nebraska today.

The park-and-boulevard system is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Lund's Tower
Lund's Tower is a stone-built folly situated to the south-west of the North Yorkshire village of Sutton-in-Craven. It is also known as Cowling Pinnacle, Sutton Pinnacle, the Ethel Tower, the Jubilee Tower or, in conjunction with the nearby Wainman's Pinnacle, the pair are referred to as the Salt and Pepper Pots.

It is listed in the National Heritage List for England at Grade II.

Wainman's Pinnacle
Wainman's Pinnacle, originally built as a folly (and still used as a folly), is a stone obelisk in Sutton-in-Craven, North Yorkshire. It tends to be referred to as ‘Cowling Pinnacle’ or 'The Salt Pot' and could also be seen as being a part of the village of Cowling.  It has been a grade II listed building in the National Heritage List for England since 23 October 1984.  Wainman’s Pinnacle is situated upon Earl Crag and is often associated with Lund’s Tower as they are both locally known as the Salt and Pepper Pots.
James I of Cyprus
James I (French: Jacques de Lusignan; 1334 – September 9, 1398) was the youngest son of King Hugh IV of Cyprus and by 1369 held the title "Constable of Jerusalem." When his nephew Peter II died in 1382, he became King of Cyprus. James was also crowned King of Jerusalem in 1389 and assumed the title of  King of Armenia in 1393, which was formally given to him in 1396.

James was the third son of Hugh IV of Cyprus and his second wife, Alix of Ibelin. His older half-brother was Guy, Prince of Galilee (1320–43), and his two brothers were Peter I, King of Cyprus (1328–1369), and John of Lusignan, Prince of Antioch (1329–1375). Before becoming king, James had other offices and was known for his resistance against the Genoese invasion of Cyprus.

Hugh IV of Cyprus
Hugh IV (1293/1296 – 10 October 1359) was King of Cyprus from 31 March 1324 to his abdication, on 24 November 1358 and, nominally, King of Jerusalem, as Hugh II, until his death. The son of Guy, Constable of Cyprus (son of Hugh III of Cyprus), and Eschiva of Ibelin, Hugh succeeded his father as Constable of Cyprus in 1318, and later succeeded to the throne of Cyprus on the death of his uncle Henry II, since Henry II had no sons. He was a member of the House of Poitiers-Lusignan.

The Kingdom of Cyprus reached the peak of its power and prosperity during the reigns of Hugh IV and Peter I.
IRENALA
The Research and Education Network for Academic and Learning Activities (iRENALA) is the national research and education networking organisation (NREN) of Madagascar. iRENALA was incorporated in June 2012 as an association under Malagasy law. It is a member of the UbuntuNet Alliance.

National research and education network
A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

In recent years, with the widespread availability of high-speed internet services, their importance has diminished, although many NRENs have expanded their remit of services to include areas such as trust and identity, security, automation, and cloud offerings, while others have evolved into fully fledged digital transformation agencies for their respective national governments.
Livadi
Livadi or Leivadi (Greek: Λ[ε]ιβάδι) is a village and a former municipality in the Larissa regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Elassona, of which it is a municipal unit.

In the Ottoman tahrir defteri of 1521, the settlement is recorded as a village with the name Livadi. The village was founded by Aromanian agricultural and livestock farmers. Before the 2011 local government reform it was an independent municipality. The community of Livadi covers an area of 140.90 km2 while the respective municipal unit 158.273 km2.

Elassona
Elassona (Greek: Ελασσόνα, romanized: Ellassóna; Katharevousa: Ἐλασσών, romanized: Elasson) is a town and a municipality in the Larissa regional unit of Greece. In antiquity, it was known as Oloosson (Ὀλοοσσών) and was a town of the Perrhaebi tribe. It is situated at the foot of Mount Olympus. Elassona is bypassed by the GR-3 road (Larissa–Kozani–Florina).
Death coach
The death coach is part of the folklore of Northwestern Europe. It is particularly strong in Ireland where it is known as the cóiste bodhar (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkoːʃtʲə ˈbˠəuɾˠ]), also meaning "silent coach", but can also be found in stories from British and American culture. It is usually depicted as a black coach being driven or led by a dullahan.

Dullahan
The Dullahan (Irish: Dubhlachan; dúlachán, /ˈduːləˌhɑːn/) is a type of legendary creature in Irish folklore. He is depicted as a headless rider on a black horse, or as a coachman, who carries his own head. As it is not widely described in native sources, there is doubt as to whether the Dullahan was originally a part of the Irish oral tradition.
Homotopy fiber
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the homotopy fiber (sometimes called the mapping fiber)  is part of a construction that associates a fibration to an arbitrary continuous function of topological spaces . It acts as a homotopy theoretic kernel of a mapping of topological spaces due to the fact it yields a long exact sequence of homotopy groups

Moreover, the homotopy fiber can be found in other contexts, such as homological algebra, where the distinguished triangle

gives a long exact sequence analogous to the long exact sequence of homotopy groups. There is a dual construction called the homotopy cofiber.

Mapping cone (topology)
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the mapping cone is a construction in topology analogous to a quotient space and denoted . Alternatively, it is also called the homotopy cofiber and also notated . Its dual, a fibration, is called the mapping fiber. The mapping cone can be understood to be a mapping cylinder  with the initial end of the cylinder collapsed to a point. Mapping cones are frequently applied in the homotopy theory of pointed spaces.
Revolution of 1772
The Revolution of 1772, also known as The Bloodless Revolution (Swedish: Revolutionen) or the Coup of Gustav III (Gustav III:s statskupp or older Gustav III:s statsvälvning), was a Swedish coup d'état performed by King Gustav III of Sweden on 19 August 1772 to introduce a division of power between the king and the Riksdag of the Estates, resulting in the end of the Age of Liberty and the introduction of the Swedish Constitution of 1772, which would strengthen the power of the monarch and the start the absolutist period known as the Gustavian era.

Age of Liberty
In Swedish history, the Age of Liberty (Swedish: Frihetstiden) was a period that saw parliamentary governance, increasing civil rights, and the decline of the Swedish Empire that began with the adoption of the Instrument of Government in 1719 and ended with the Revolution of 1772, Gustav III of Sweden's self-coup. This shift of power from the monarch to parliament was a direct effect of the Great Northern War.

Suffrage under the parliamentary government was not universal. Although the taxed peasantry was represented in the Parliament, its influence was disproportionately small, and commoners without taxed property had no suffrage at all.
Tránsito Amaguaña
Rosa Elena Tránsito Amaguaña Alba (September 10, 1909 – May 10, 2009) was an Ecuadorian leader of the indigenous movement and one of the founders of the Ecuadorian Indian Federation (FEI) along with Dolores Cacuango. She was awarded the Premio Eugenio Espejo in 2003 by President Lucio Gutiérrez for her lifetime work in the indigenous movement.

Dolores Cacuango
Dolores Cacuango (26 October 1881, Pesillo, Cayambe, Ecuador – 23 April 1971, Yanahuayco), also known as Mamá Doloreс, was a pioneer in the fight for indigenous and farmers rights in Ecuador. She stood out in the political arena and was one of the first activists of Ecuadorian feminism, between the 1930s and 1960s. She founded the Federación Ecuatoriana de Indios (FEI) in 1944 with the help of Ecuador's Communist Party.
2023–24 Basketball Champions League
The 2023–24 Basketball Champions League was the 8th season of the Basketball Champions League (BCL), the premier European professional basketball competition for clubs launched by FIBA. The season began on 17 October 2023 and ended with the championship game on 28 April 2024.

Telekom Baskets Bonn were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Peristeri in the quarter-finals. The Štark Arena in Belgrade hosted the Final Four and the championship game, the second time the competition had a neutral venue for its conclusion. Unicaja won its first Champions League title following their win over Lenovo Tenerife in the final. As champions, Unicaja also qualified for the 2024 FIBA Intercontinental Cup.

2024 Basketball Champions League Final Four
The 2024 Basketball Champions League Final Four, also known as the 2024 BCL Final Four, is the concluding tournament of the 2023–24 Basketball Champions League. The tournament was hosted at the Belgrade Arena in Belgrade, Serbia.
Special forces of Israel
Special forces units in the Israel Defense Forces encompass a broad definition of specialist units. Such units are usually a regiment or a battalion in strength.

Sayeret (Hebrew: סיירת, pl.: sayarot), or reconnaissance units in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) nomenclature, specialize in intelligence gathering and surveillance. In practice, these units specialize in commando and other special forces roles, in addition to reconnaissance (the degree of specialization varies by units and current needs).

Mista'arvim (Hebrew: מסתערבים, lit. Arabized; Arabic: مستعربين, Musta'arabin), also spelled as mistaravim, are counter-terrorism units whose members are specifically trained to operate undercover, in enemy territory, in order to assassinate or capture wanted targets.

Mista'arvim
Mista‘arvim (Hebrew: מִסְתַּעַרְבִים; Arabic: مُسْتَعْرِبِين, romanized: musta‘ribīn, lit. 'Arabized'), also spelled mista‘aravim, is the name given to certain units in the Israel Defense Forces, Israel Border Police, and Israel Police that assimilate into local Arab populations to operate undercover while gathering intelligence or conducting law enforcement, hostage rescue, and counter-terrorism operations.
Boron trifluoride etherate
Boron trifluoride etherate, strictly boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, or boron trifluoride–ether complex, is the chemical compound with the formula BF3O(C2H5)2, often abbreviated BF3OEt2. It is a colorless liquid, although older samples can appear brown.  The compound is used as a source of boron trifluoride in many chemical reactions that require a Lewis acid. The compound features tetrahedral boron coordinated to a diethylether ligand. Many analogues are known, including the methanol complex.

Boron trifluoride
Boron trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula BF3. This pungent, colourless, and toxic gas forms white fumes in moist air. It is a useful Lewis acid and a versatile building block for other boron compounds.
Arkansas Highway 357
Highway 357 (AR 357, Ark. 357, and Hwy. 357) is a north–south state highway in St. Francis County, Arkansas. The route of 9.20 miles (14.81 km) runs from Highway 50 north to U.S. Route 70 (US 70). The route is maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Arkansas Highway 50
Highway 50 (AR 50, Ark. 50, or Hwy. 50) is a designation for two east–west state highways in northeast Arkansas. A western route of 27.96 miles (45.00 km) runs east from St. Francis County Route 415 (CR 415) to Highway 147 near Anthonyville. A second route of 15.84 miles (25.49 km) begins at US Route 70 (US 70) and runs east to Highway 77 in Clarkedale.
North Fork (Long Island)
The North Fork is a 30-mile- (48 km) long peninsula in the northeast part of Suffolk County, New York, U.S., roughly parallel with a longer peninsula known as the South Fork, both on the East End of Long Island. Although the peninsula begins east of Riverhead hamlet, the term North Fork can also refer collectively to the towns of Riverhead and Southold in their entirety.

Beginning about 75 miles (120 kilometers) east of Manhattan, the North Fork is the easterly part of the North Shore of Long Island. Along with The Hamptons, the area is also part of Long Island's "East End".

Southold, New York
The Town of Southold is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located in the northeastern tip of the county, on the North Fork of Long Island. The population was 23,732 at the 2020 census. The town contains a hamlet,  also named Southold, which was settled in 1640.