hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lord Frederick Cavendish
Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish PC (30 November 1836 – 6 May 1882) was a British Liberal politician and protégé of the Prime Minister, William Ewart Gladstone.  Cavendish was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland in May 1882 but was killed along with Thomas Henry Burke  in what came to be known as the Phoenix Park Murders only hours after his arrival in Dublin, a victim of the Irish National Invincibles organisation.

Phoenix Park Murders
The Phoenix Park Murders were the fatal stabbings of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke in Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland, on 6 May 1882. Cavendish was the newly appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland and Burke was the Permanent Under-Secretary, the most senior Irish civil servant. The assassination was carried out by members of a republican organisation known as the Irish National Invincibles, a more radical breakaway from the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
Kedayan
The Kedayan (also known as Kadayan, Kadaian or Kadyan) are an ethnic group residing in Brunei, Federal Territory of Labuan, southwest of Sabah, and north of Sarawak on the island of Borneo. According to the Language and Literature Bureau of Brunei, the Kedayan language (ISO 639-3: kxd) is spoken by about 30,000 people in Brunei, and it has been claimed that there are a further 46,500 speakers in Sabah and 37,000 in Sarawak. In Sabah, the Kedayan mainly live in the southern districts of Sipitang and Beaufort, where they are counted as a part of the local Malay populace (and they are often considered as Bruneians owing to assimilation as well as mixed marriage factors). Whilst in Sarawak, the Kedayans mostly reside in the towns of Lawas, Limbang and Miri (especially the Subis area).

Labuan
Labuan (/ləˈbuːən/), officially the Federal Territory of Labuan (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan), is an island federal territory of Malaysia. It includes Labuan Island and six smaller islands off the coast of the state of Sabah in East Malaysia. Labuan's capital is Victoria, which is best known as an offshore financial centre offering international financial and business services via Labuan IBFC since 1990, as well as being an offshore support hub for deepwater oil and gas activities in the region. It is also a tourist destination for people travelling through Sabah, nearby Bruneians, and scuba divers. The name Labuan derives from the Malay word labuhan, which means "harbour".
Villarceau circles
In geometry, Villarceau circles (/viːlɑːrˈsoʊ/) are a pair of circles produced by cutting a torus obliquely through its center at a special angle.

Given an arbitrary point on a torus, four circles can be drawn through it. One is in a plane parallel to the equatorial plane of the torus and another perpendicular to that plane (these are analogous to lines of latitude and longitude on the Earth). The other two are Villarceau circles. They are obtained as the intersection of the torus with a plane that passes through the center of the torus and touches it tangentially at two antipodal points. If one considers all these planes, one obtains two families of circles on the torus. Each of these families consists of disjoint circles that cover each point of the torus exactly once and thus forms a 1-dimensional foliation of the torus.

The Villarceau circles are named after the French astronomer and mathematician Yvon Villarceau (1813–1883) who wrote about them in 1848.

Yvon Villarceau
Antoine-Joseph Yvon Villarceau (15 January 1813 – 23 December 1883) was a French astronomer, mathematician, and engineer.

He constructed an equatorial meridian-instrument and an isochronometric regulator for the Paris Observatory.

He wrote Mécanique Céleste. Expose des Méthodes de Wronski et Composantes des Forces Perturbatrices suivant les Axes Mobiles (Paris:  Gauthier-Villars, 1881) and Sur l'établissement des arches de pont, envisagé au point de vue de la plus grande stabilité (Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1853).

He is the eponym of Villarceau circles, which are two circular sections of a torus other than the two trivial ones.

A short street in the 16th arrondissement of Paris is named after Villarceau.
Injury in animals
Injury in animals is damage to the body caused by  wounding, change in pressure, heat or cold, chemical substances, venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing, which may be rapid, as in the Cnidaria.

Injury
Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree.
Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din
Sheikh Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi (1896 in Biyara, ￶ – 1997 in Istanbul, Turkey), nicknamed Siraj al-Din al-Thani, meaning the second Siraj al-Din, in honor of his great-grandfather Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi, was an Islamic scholar, mystic of the Naqshbandi order. He belonged to one of the most influential noble households of the Middle East and Ottoman Empire, the Sheikhs of Tavil.

Naqshbandi Order
Naqshbandi (Persian: نقشبندیه) is a major Sufi order within Sunni Islam, named after its 14th-century founder, Baha' al-Din Naqshband. Practitioners, known as Naqshbandis, trace their spiritual lineage (silsila) directly to the Prophet Muhammad through the first caliph, Abu Bakr, via Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Naqshbandi order is distinct for its strict adherence to Sharia (Islamic law) and silent dhikr practices adopted from earlier Central Asian masters.
ND Stevenson
Nate Diana "Indy" Stevenson (born Noelle Diana Stevenson, December 31, 1991), known professionally as ND Stevenson, is an American cartoonist and animation producer. He is the creator, showrunner, and executive producer of the animated television series She-Ra and the Princesses of Power, which ran from 2018 to 2020. He is also known for the science fantasy graphic novel Nimona, as co-writer of the comic series Lumberjanes, and The Fire Never Goes Out, his autobiographical collection.

Stevenson's work has won multiple Eisner Awards as well as a Daytime Emmy Award and a GLAAD Media Award. Stevenson is non-binary and transmasculine, and has written about being transgender in his webcomic I'm Fine I'm Fine Just Understand.

Lumberjanes
Lumberjanes is a comic book series created by Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, Gus Allen, and ND Stevenson and published via the Boom Box! imprint of Boom! Studios. The story follows a group of girls spending summer at a scout camp, and the strange creatures and supernatural phenomena they encounter there. Originally planned as an eight-part series, the comic was made an ongoing series following strong sales and critical acclaim. The comic series came to a close after 75 issues with a one-shot finale in December 2020, ending its six-year-run.
Jack Scott (American football)
William Jack Scott (December 20, 1928 – December 3, 2014) was an American football and basketball coach.  He served as the head football coach at Westmar College—later known as Westmar University—in Le Mars, Iowa from 1961 to 1969 and Eastern New Mexico University in Portales, New Mexico from 1970 to 1977, compiling a career college football coaching record of 100–58–5.

Westmar University
Westmar University was a private four-year liberal arts college in Le Mars, Iowa, United States.  It was founded in 1887 as the Northwestern Normal School and Business College. In 1948, the college was renamed as Westmar College. In March 1990, Westmar merged with Teikyo University to form Teikyo Westmar University It permanently closed on November 21, 1997.
Sam Cunningham (mayor)
Sam Cunningham is an American politician who was elected as the first African-American mayor of Waukegan, Illinois, the largest city and county seat of Lake County, Illinois in 2017. After a 2021 loss to Ann B. Taylor, Cunningham was reelected to serve a second, nonconsecutive term in 2025.

Waukegan, Illinois
Waukegan (/wəˈkiːɡən/ wə-KEE-ghən) is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located 36 miles (58 km) north of Chicago, Waukegan is a satellite city within the greater Chicago metropolitan area.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 89,321, making it the most populous city in Lake County, the seventh-most populous city within the Chicago metropolitan area and the 10th-most populous city in Illinois. However, unlike nearby wealthy North Shore suburbs, Waukegan has long been classified by the Illinois state government as overall "socioeconomically distressed" despite having some middle class inhabitants.
Robert Langdon
Robert Langdon is a fictional character created by the American author Dan Brown for his Robert Langdon book series: Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), The Lost Symbol (2009), Inferno (2013), Origin (2017), and The Secret of Secrets (2025). He is a Harvard University professor of Religious Iconology and Symbology (a fictional field related to the study of historic symbols, which is not methodologically connected to the actual discipline of semiotics).

Tom Hanks portrays Langdon in the Robert Langdon film series; starting with the 2006 film adaptation of The Da Vinci Code, reprising the role in the 2009 film adaptation of Angels & Demons, and again in the 2016 film adaptation of Inferno, while Ashley Zukerman plays a younger version of the character in the 2021 TV series adaptation of The Lost Symbol.

Angels & Demons
Angels & Demons is a 2000 bestselling mystery-thriller novel written by American author Dan Brown and published by Pocket Books and then by Corgi Books. The novel introduces the character Robert Langdon, who recurs as the protagonist of Brown's subsequent novels. Angels & Demons shares many stylistic literary elements with its sequels, such as conspiracies of secret societies, a single-day time frame, and the Catholic Church. Ancient history, architecture, and symbology are also heavily referenced throughout the book. A film adaptation was released on May 15, 2009.
Glu Mobile
Glu Mobile LLC is an American developer and publisher of mobile games. It was founded as Sorrent in 2001 and acquired Macrospace in 2004. Both companies collectively rebranded as Glu Mobile in 2005. In April 2021, the company was acquired by Electronic Arts and subsequently consolidated under EA Mobile.

Macrospace
Macrospace Ltd. was a British developer of mobile content headquartered in London, which mainly focused on Java ME-content. In June 2005, Macrospace merged with Sorrent Inc., to form Glu Mobile. Macrospace provided mobile games and mobile gaming products for network operators, service providers, handset manufacturers, media companies and intellectual property owners.
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA) was a United States labor union known for its support for "social unionism" and progressive political causes. Led by Sidney Hillman for its first thirty years, it helped found the Congress of Industrial Organizations. It merged with the Textile Workers Union of America (TWUA) in 1976 to form the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU), which merged with the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union in 1995 to create the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE). UNITE merged in 2004 with the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE) in 2004 to create a new union known as UNITE HERE. After a bitter internal dispute in 2009, the majority of the UNITE side of the union, along with some of the disgruntled HERE locals left UNITE HERE, and formed a new union named Workers United, led by former UNITE president Bruce Raynor.

Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union
The Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU) was a labor union representing workers in two related industries in the United States.

The union was founded in 1976, when the Textile Workers Union of America merged with the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. The small American Federation of Hosiery Workers also joined. On foundation, the new union had about 500,000 members. Like both its predecessors, it affiliated to the AFL–CIO.  In 1979, the United Shoe Workers of America merged in, followed in 1983 by the United Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers International Union.

The union successfully campaigned to unionize workers at J.P. Stevens & Co. However, the industry was in sharp decline in the United States, and by 1995, the union had only 129,000 members. That year, it merged with the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, to form the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees.
Hill & Adamson
Hill & Adamson was the first photography studio in Scotland, set up by painter David Octavius Hill and engineer Robert Adamson in 1843. During their brief partnership that ended with Adamson's untimely death, Hill & Adamson produced "the first substantial body of self-consciously artistic work using the newly invented medium of photography." Watercolorist John Harden, on first seeing Hill & Adamson's calotypes in November 1843, wrote, "The pictures produced are as Rembrandt's but improved, so like his style & the oldest & finest masters that doubtless a great progress in Portrait painting & effect must be the consequence."

Robert Adamson (photographer)
Robert Adamson (26 April 1821 – 14 January 1848) was a Scottish chemist and pioneer photographer at Hill & Adamson. He is best known for his pioneering photographic work with David Octavius Hill and producing some 2500 calotypes, mostly portraits, within 5 years after being hired by Hill in 1843.
Keram Malicki-Sánchez
Keram Malicki-Sánchez is an actor, musician, writer, filmmaker, interactive media and virtual reality developer, multimedia artist, and event producer. He is the founder of the VRTO Spatial Media World Conference & Expo, and the Festival of International Virtual & Augmented Reality Stories (FIVARS).

Festival of International Virtual & Augmented Reality Stories
Festival of International Virtual & Augmented Reality Stories (FIVARS) is a media festival that showcases stories or narrative forms from around the world using immersive technology that includes virtual reality, augmented reality, live VR performance theater and dance, projection mapping and spatialized audio. It is considered to be Canada's first dedicated virtual or augmented reality stories festival, and was the world's first virtual reality festival dedicated completely and exclusively to narrative pieces. FIVARS is operated by Constant Change Media Group, Inc. and VRTO (Virtual Reality, Toronto - a conference and Meetup group).
Lorna Byrne (broadcaster)
Lorna Byrne CBE (27 December 1897 – 15 July 1989) was an Australian agricultural scientist, a Major in the Australian Women's Army Service and a radio broadcaster. After working with Australian Red Cross she had a weekly radio programme for over a decade before running the women's section of The Land newspaper for another ten years.

Australian Women's Army Service
The Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) was a non-medical women's service established in Australia during the Second World War. Raised on 13 August 1941 to "release men from certain military duties for employment in fighting units" the service grew to over 20,000-strong and provided personnel to fill various roles including administration, driving, catering, signals and intelligence. Following the end of the Second World War, the service was demobilised and ceased to exist by 1947. It later provided a cadre of experienced personnel to the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps when it was established in 1951.
The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists
The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists (also known as The Game: Undercover in the Secret Society of Pickup Artists) is a 2005 non-fiction book written by investigative reporter Neil Strauss as a chronicle of his journey and encounters in the seduction community.

The book was featured on The New York Times Bestseller List for two months after its release in September 2005, reaching prominence again in 2007 during the broadcast of the VH1 television series The Pickup Artist, which was hosted by Mystery, Strauss's mentor in the book. In its original published hardcover format, the book was covered in black leather and bookmarked with red satin, similar to some printings of the Bible. Despite the reputation that The Game has gained as an exposé on the seduction community, it was primarily written as an autobiographical work. The follow-up book, Rules of the Game, relies more on the how-to side of seduction and dating.

Erik von Markovik
Erik von Markovik (born Erik James Horvat-Marković; September 24, 1971), more popularly known by his stage name Mystery, is a Canadian pickup artist and television personality. He was profiled in Neil Strauss's The Game and he appeared on the VH1 television show The Pickup Artist.

He has been criticized for promoting unethical and manipulative behavior.

His work has also been used to help people to initiate long-term stable relationships, as the study "The Dating Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Emerging Science of Human Courtship", done using his book The Mystery Method.
Máscara Año 2000
Jesús Reyes González (born 10 March 1958) is a Mexican Luchador, or professional wrestler, best known under the ring name Máscara Año 2000 or Máscara Año Dos Mil. His ring name is Spanish for "Mask of the year 2000", originally referring to the mask Reyes wore while wrestling. Reyes was forced to unmask when he lost a Lucha de Apuesta (bet match) to Perro Aguayo in 1993. Throughout his career Reyes has often teamed with his two brothers Carmelo, who wrestles as Cien Caras and the late Andrés, who wrestled as Universo 2000, the three were collectively known as Los Hermanos Dinamita ("The Dynamite Brothers") or Los Capos ("The Bosses") when they teamed with Apolo Dantés. Reyes has earned the nickname "El Padre de más de 20" ("Father of more than 20") by wrestling commentators even though he does not quite have 20 children.

Los Capos
Los Capos (Spanish for "The Bosses") was a Lucha Libre stable consisting of Cien Caras, Máscara Año 2000 (often written as "Dos Mil") and Universo 2000, and at one point also included Apolo Dantés. Los Capos is also often referred to as Los Hermanos Dinamita (Spanish for "The Dynamite Brothers") when working without Apolo Dantés as Cien Caras, Máscara Año 2000 and Universo 2000 are brothers. They have worked primarily in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) but also worked in AAA and currently do guest spots for the International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG).
Mr. Fables
Mr. Fables, a DBA of Grand Rapids Innkeepers Management, Inc., was a chain of cafeteria-style family restaurants located throughout Western Michigan.  Two cousins formed the chain after taking over the Kewpee Beefburger stand from, dad and uncle, Gerald Boyles.  The name "Fables" was the result of putting together the last names of the two cousins: Faber & Boyles. It was known for its olive burgers and secret recipes for Mr. Fables hamburger dressing and onion ring batter.  At its peak, the chain had 17 restaurants.   Their advertising slogan for many years was, "People like Mr. Fables, people like you."

Kewpee
Kewpee Hamburgers is the second-oldest chain of hamburger fast-food restaurants, founded in 1923 in Flint, Michigan under the name "Kewpee Hotel Hamburgs". Kewpee's current headquarters is located in Lima, Ohio.  The chain is named after the Kewpie doll. Kewpee was one of the first to institute curbside service, which later morphed into a drive-in service, and then finally was transformed into drive-thru service. The Lima Kewpee locations have locally raised beef delivered daily to each Kewpee restaurant. The downtown Kewpee Restaurant in Lima, Ohio is considered a historic site.
2nd Space Launch Squadron
The 2nd Space Launch Squadron is an active United States Space Force unit.  It is located at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, and was reactivated in July 2019 with the merger of the 4th Space Launch Squadron and the 1st Air and Space Test Squadron.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
Jyoti Basu
Jyoti Basu (born Jyotirindra Basu or Jyoti Bose; 8 July 1914 – 17 January 2010) was an Indian Marxist theorist, communist activist, and politician. He was one of the most prominent leaders of Communist movement in India. He served as the 6th and longest serving Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1977 to 2000. He was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was a member of Politburo of the party since its formation in 1964 till 2008. He was also a member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly 11 times. In his political career, spanning over seven decades, he was noted to have been the India's longest serving chief minister in an elected democracy, at the time of his resignation. He declined the post of Prime Minister after the 1996 Indian general election after the CPM refused to let him head a multi-party coalition as it would not be able to implement Marxist programs and relinquished the prime ministership to Deve Gowda.

Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
The Politburo, also known as the Political Bureau, is the highest executive authority of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). Its members are elected by the Central Committee, which is in turn elected at the Party Congress, typically convened every three years.
Cully Hamner
Cully Hamner (born March 7, 1969) is an American comic book artist, known for his work on such books as Green Lantern: Mosaic, Blue Beetle, Black Lightning: Year One, and Detective Comics. He is the co-creator and illustrator of the 2003 graphic novel Red, which was adapted into a 2010 feature film of the same name starring Bruce Willis, as well as a 2013 sequel. He is also the co-creator of Jaime Reyes, the DC Comics character at the center of the 2023 feature film Blue Beetle.

Red (2010 film)
Red is a 2010 American action comedy film directed by Robert Schwentke, based on the comic book series by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner. The film stars Bruce Willis, Morgan Freeman, John Malkovich, Helen Mirren, Karl Urban, Mary-Louise Parker, Brian Cox, Julian McMahon and Richard Dreyfuss. The plot involves Frank Moses, a former black-ops agent who reunites with his old team to capture an assassin who has vowed to kill him.

Red premiered at the Fantastic Fest on September 29, 2010, and was released in the United States on October 15, by Summit Entertainment. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was nominated for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at the 68th Golden Globe Awards. A sequel, Red 2, was released in 2013.