hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duration neglect
Duration neglect is the psychological observation that people's judgments of the unpleasantness of painful experiences depend very little on the duration of those experiences. Multiple experiments have found that these judgments tend to be affected by two factors: the peak (when the experience was the most painful) and how quickly the pain diminishes. If it diminishes more slowly, the experience is judged to be less painful. Hence, the term "peak–end rule" describes this process of evaluation.

Duration neglect is a specific form of the more general extension neglect.

Peak–end rule
The peak–end rule is a psychological heuristic in which people judge an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak (i.e., its most intense point) and at its end, rather than based on the total sum or average of every moment of the experience. The effect occurs regardless of whether the experience is pleasant or unpleasant. To the heuristic, other information aside from that of the peak and end of the experience is not lost, but it is not used. This includes net pleasantness or unpleasantness and how long the experience lasted. The peak–end rule is thereby a specific form of the more general extension neglect and duration neglect.
Saskia Esken
Saskia Christina Esken (née Hofer; born 28 August 1961) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who served as co-leader of the party from her election in December 2019 (alongside Norbert Walter-Borjans) and re-election in December 2021 (alongside Lars Klingbeil) until 2025. She has been a member of the Bundestag since 2013 and has worked in the IT sector in the early 1990s.

Lars Klingbeil
Lars Klingbeil (German: [ˈlaʁs ˈklɪŋbaɪl]; born 23 February 1978) is a German politician who has been serving as the Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Finance since 6 May 2025. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), he has served as the SPD's Co-leader since 2021, together with Saskia Esken (2021–2025) and Bärbel Bas (since 2025).

Klingbeil was the General Secretary of the SPD from December 2017 to December 2021. Since 2001 he has been a member of the City Council of Munster and a member of the District Council of Heide. He was a Member of the Bundestag for about nine months in 2005, and has been a member again since the 2009 Federal Election. From 2003 till 2007, Klingbeil was the Deputy Leader of the Jusos, SPD's youth wing. Klingbeil is a member of the Seeheim Circle, the more economically right-leaning faction of the SPD.
J. C. Fargo
James Congdell Strong Fargo (May 5, 1829 – February 8, 1915) was a president of the American Express Company for 30 years, and the brother of American Express Company and Wells Fargo co-founder, William Fargo.

William Fargo
William George Fargo (May 20, 1818 – August 3, 1881) was an American businessman and politician who founded Wells Fargo and Company, originally shipping, mail delivery, a stagecoach line, and banking, now  Wells Fargo banking corporation, and American Express company.
Feng Yun (Later Tang)
Feng Yun (Chinese: 馮贇; died May 14, 934?) was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state known as the Later Tang, serving both as chancellor and chief of staff (Shumishi) during the reigns of its second emperor Li Siyuan and Li Siyuan's son and successor Li Conghou.

Li Siyuan
Li Siyuan (李嗣源, later changed to Li Dan (李亶)) (10 October 867 – 15 December 933), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang (後唐明宗), was the second emperor of the Later Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 926 until his death. He was an ethnic Shatuo originally named, in the Shatuo language, Miaojilie (邈佶烈).

Adopted by the ethnic Shatuo ruler Li Keyong of the Former Jin dynasty, Li Siyuan became a trusted general under both Li Keyong and Li Keyong's successor Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong), the Later Tang founder. In 926 he seized power by a coup d'état when a mutiny called the Xingjiao Gate Incident killed Li Cunxu, and ruled with both discipline and compassion for the next seven years. Despite an abundance of natural disasters, his reign was markedly more peaceful than the half-century preceding it.
Michael Grant (author, born 1954)
Michael Reynolds (born July 26, 1954) is an American author of young adult fiction writing under the name Michael Grant. He has written over 160 books, though most are as a co-author with his wife, Katherine Applegate. Together they have written the Animorphs and the Everworld series, as well as the Making Out series. Grant is the sole author of the Gone series, the BZRK series, the Messenger of Fear series, and the Front Lines trilogy. His top selling book is Gone.

His writing influences include Stephen King, Bill Bryson, Patrick O'Brien, J. R. R. Tolkien, Dan Simmons, and Raymond Chandler

Katherine Applegate
Katherine Alice Applegate (born October 9, 1956), known professionally as K. A. Applegate, is an American young adult and children's fiction writer, best known as the author of the Animorphs, Remnants, and Everworld book series. She won the 2013 Newbery Medal for her 2012 children's novel The One and Only Ivan. Applegate's most popular books are science fiction, fantasy, and adventure novels. She won the Best New Children's Book Series Award in 1997 in Publishers Weekly. Her book Home of the Brave has won several awards. She also wrote a chapter book series in 2008–09 called Roscoe Riley Rules.
Slope mass rating
Slope mass rating (SMR) is a rock mass classification scheme developed by Manuel Romana  to describe the strength of an individual rock outcrop or slope. The system is founded upon the more widely used RMR scheme, which is modified with quantitative guidelines to the rate the influence of adverse joint orientations (e.g. joints dipping steeply out of the slope).

Slope mass rating has been widely used worldwide. It has been included in the technical regulations of some countries as a classification system by itself or as a quality index for rocky slopes (e.g., India, Serbia, Italy). It has also been used in more than 50 countries across five continents, especially in Asia (e.g., China and India), where its use is very common.

Rock mass rating
The rock mass rating (RMR) is a geomechanical classification system for rocks, developed by Z. T. Bieniawski between 1972 and 1973.  
Since then it has undergone multiple modifications out of which, RMR89 is commonly used. Recently RMR14 has been proposed to improve the RMR performance by incorporating new experiences from tunnel practices. Continuous functions and a software "QuickRMR" for RMR89 and RMR14 have also been proposed by Kundu. RMR combines the most significant geologic parameters of influence and represents them with one overall comprehensive index of rock mass quality, which is used for the design and construction of excavations in rock, such as tunnels, mines, slopes, and foundations.
Angie Bolen
Angela Bolen (née de Luca) is a fictional character played by Drea de Matteo on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. The character was created by television producer and screenwriter Marc Cherry and appeared throughout the series' sixth season from September 27, 2009, to May 16, 2010. Cherry describes Angie as a "loving but tough Italian woman." Her gritty and blunt demeanor contrasts from the domesticated leading characters.

Angie's storylines mostly deal with her family—husband Nick Bolen (Jeffrey Nordling) and son Danny Bolen (Beau Mirchoff)—and their attempts to escape their mysterious past, which is explored throughout the season. Although critics initially welcomed the character as a diverse addition to the cast, they grew frustrated with the slow pace of her storyline as the season progressed. Critics compared Angie to Betty Applewhite (Alfre Woodard), a character whose lagging storyline was slow in developing during the series' second season.

Betty Applewhite
Betty Applewhite is a fictional character played by actress Alfre Woodard on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. The character is introduced in the last episodes of the series' first season, and becomes the center of the mystery of the second season, along with her two sons, Matthew and Caleb.
Bruno Prada
Bruno Prada (born 31 July 1971 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian sailor.

After sailing Optimists until the age of 14, he moved to the Laser class, where he was Brazilian and South American Junior champion and 7th at Youth Worlds in 1989, and the Snipe class, where he achieved a second place at the Brazilian Junior Nationals, and was 11th at the Junior Worlds in 1988.

In 1989, he changed to the Finn class, becoming Brazilian national champion in 1993, 1997 and 1998, and winning a bronze medal at the 1999 Pan American Games.

He won a silver medal in the Star class with Robert Scheidt at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a bronze in the same category with the same partner at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

He won the Star World Championship five times, in 2007, 2011 and 2012 with Robert Scheidt, and in 2016 with Augie Diaz, and in 2019 in Porto Cervo with Mateusz Kusznierewicz and was second in 2006 and third in 2008 and 2014.

Robert Scheidt
Robert Scheidt (born 15 April 1973) is a Brazilian sailor who has won two gold medals, two silver medals and a bronze from five Olympic Games and a Star Sailors League Final. He is one of the most successful sailors at Olympic Games and one of the most successful Brazilian Olympic athletes, being one of only two to earn five medals along with fellow sailor Torben Grael, and only behind the six medals of Rebeca Andrade. He is the only Brazilian sailor to win medals in both dinghy and keelboat classes.

He is widely considered to be one of the greatest sailors of all time.
Australia national under-19 rugby union team
The Australian national under-19 rugby union team formerly represented Australia on a national level in age graded rugby union. The team competed in all four editions of the Under 19 Rugby World Championship, winning the title in 2006, and finishing third in 2005 and 2007.

Starting in 2008, the International Rugby Board scrapped its under-21 and under-19 world championships in favour of a single under-20 competition, the IRB Junior World Championship. Australia accordingly replaced its under-21 and under-19 sides with a new under-20 side.

Australia national under-20 rugby union team
The Australia national under-20 rugby union team, nicknamed the Junior Wallabies, is the national under-20 rugby union team that represents Australia. The team has been competing at the annual World Rugby U20 Championship since it began in 2008, replacing the previously held under-19 and under-21 championships. The team also competes at the Oceania U20 Championship as of 2015 and the U20 Rugby Championship since 2024.

Australia's highest finish at the World Rugby U20 Championship was second-place in 2010 and 2019. The team finished third in 2011 by beating France in the third place playoff, and fourth in 2009 after losing to South Africa 32–5 in the third place playoff. The Junior Wallabies also finished second in the first four editions of the Oceania U20 Championship before being crowned champions in 2019 after defeating New Zealand 24–0.
Saint-Véran Lake
The Saint-Véran Lake is a fresh body of water in the head area of the Moncouche River (via the Moncouche Lake), in the unorganized territory of Lac-Moncouche, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Lac Saint-Véran is located in the western part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. Its location is almost at the limit of the administrative regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.

A forest road runs along the southeast shore of Lac Moncouche. A few secondary forest roads serve this area for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Lake Saint-Véran is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Moncouche Lake (Lac-Saint-Jean-Est)
The Moncouche Lake is a freshwater body at the head of the Moncouche River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Moncouche, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province of Quebec, in Canada. Moncouche Lake is located in the western part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. Its location is almost at the limit of the administrative regions of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Capitale-Nationale.

A forest road runs along the southeast shore of Moncouche Lake. Some secondary forest roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of lake Moncouche is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
BMW Welt
The BMW Welt is a combined exhibition, delivery, adventure museum, and event venue located in Munich's district Am Riesenfeld, next to the Olympic Park, in the immediate vicinity of the BMW Headquarters and factory. It was built from August 2003 to summer 2007. A solar system with 800 kW of power is installed on the roof of the main building. The opening took place on 17 October 2007. The BMW Welt is the most visited tourist attraction in Bavaria.

BMW Headquarters
The BMW Headquarters (German: BMW-Vierzylinder, lit. 'BMW four-cylinder'), also known as the BMW Tower (German: BMW-Turm or BMW-Hochhaus), is a high-rise building located in the Am Riesenfeld area of Munich, Germany. The building has served as the global corporate headquarters of German automaker BMW since 1973. It was declared a protected historic building in 1999, and it is often cited as one of the most notable examples of modern architecture in Munich. Extensive renovations commenced in 2004 and were completed in 2006.
Michel Twerski
Michel Twerski (born May 1939) is an American Hasidic rabbi and composer of Jewish music who heads the Beth Jehudah congregation in Milwaukee. He is the brother of the psychiatrist and rabbi Abraham J. Twerski. Twerski is a descendant of the Chernobyler Hasidic dynasty. He is also known as the Hornosteipler Rebbe of Milwaukee.

Abraham J. Twerski
Abraham Joshua Heshel Twerski (Hebrew: אברהם יהושע העשיל טווערסקי; (1930-10-06)October 6, 1930 – (2021-01-31)January 31, 2021) was an American Hasidic rabbi, a scion of the Chernobyl Hasidic dynasty, and a psychiatrist specializing in substance abuse.
Emicizumab
Emicizumab, sold under the brand name Hemlibra, is a humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody for the treatment of haemophilia A, developed by Genentech and Chugai (both organizations are subsidiaries of Hoffmann-La Roche). Emicizumab is a bispecific factor IXa- and factor X-directed antibody.

Emicizumab was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2017 for routine prophylaxis in patients with hemophilia A who have developed factor VIII inhibitors. In October 2018, the FDA expanded approval, under the breakthrough therapy designation, to include all patients with hemophilia A, regardless of inhibitor status. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Bispecific monoclonal antibody
A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb, BsAb) is an artificial protein that can simultaneously bind to two different types of antigen or two different epitopes on the same antigen. Naturally occurring antibodies typically only target one antigen. BsAbs can be manufactured in several structural formats. BsAbs can be designed to recruit and activate immune cells, to interfere with receptor signaling and inactivate signaling ligands, and to force association of protein complexes. BsAbs have been explored for cancer immunotherapy, drug delivery, and Alzheimer's disease.
Relaxin
Relaxin is a protein hormone of about 6000 Da, first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.

The relaxin family peptide hormones belong to the insulin superfamily and consists of seven peptides of high structural but low sequence similarity; relaxin-1 (RLN1), 2 (RLN2) and 3 (RLN3), and the insulin-like (INSL) peptides, INSL3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6. The functions of relaxin-3, INSL4, INSL5, and INSL6 remain uncharacterised.

Relaxin family peptide hormones
Relaxin family peptide hormones in humans are represented by seven members: three relaxin-like (RLN) and four insulin-like (INSL) peptides: RLN1, RLN2, RNL3, INSL3, INSL4, INSL5, INSL6. This subdivision into two classes (RLN and INSL) is based primarily on early findings, and does not reflect the evolutionary origins or physiological differences between peptides. For example, it is known that the genes coding for RLN3 and INSL5 arose from one ancestral gene, and INSL3 shares origin with RLN2 and its multiple duplicates: RLN1, INSL4, INSL6.
Alf Hansen
Alf John Hansen (born 13 July 1948) is a retired rower from Norway. Early in his career, he received two Norwegian sport awards shared with his brother Frank. Towards the end of his career in 1990, he was the inaugural recipient of the Thomas Keller Medal, the highest honour in rowing. His international rowing career spanned more than two decades.

Frank Hansen (rower)
Frank Hansen (born 4 August 1945) is a retired rower from Norway who specialized in the double sculls. In this event, he won silver medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics and 1972 European Championships, together with Svein Thøgersen.

Since 1974, Hansen rowed with his younger brother Alf. They won a silver medal at the 1974 World Championships, followed by gold medals at the 1975, 1978 and 1979 World Championships and at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Sony Movie Channel
Sony Movies (formerly known as Sony Movie Channel) is an American cable television channel launched on October 1, 2010 (2010-10-01). Owned by the network television division of Sony Pictures Television, its programming consists of films from the Sony Pictures Entertainment library (including content from Columbia Pictures, TriStar Pictures, Screen Gems, Sony Pictures Classics, Sony Pictures Animation and Destination Films among others), alongside films from other distributors, mainly from Millennium Films, Millennium Media, Lionsgate Films and Shout! Factory, which are broadcast unedited, and remastered in 1080i high definition.

Sony Pictures Television
Sony Pictures Television Inc. (abbreviated as SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio and the television arm of Sony Pictures Entertainment, the film studio subsidiary of Sony Group Corporation. Established on September 16, 2002 and based at the Sony Pictures Studios complex in Culver City, California, it is a renaming of the Columbia TriStar Television studio and the fourth and current iteration of what had originated as Columbia Pictures's television studio, Screen Gems.
ISO/IEC 15288
The ISO/IEC 15288 Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes is a technical standard in systems engineering which covers processes and lifecycle stages, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Planning for the ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E) standard started in 1994 when the need for a common systems engineering process framework was recognized.

ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 is managed by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7, which is the committee responsible for developing standards in the area of Software and Systems Engineering. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 is part of the SC 7 Integrated set of Standards, and other standards in this domain include:

ISO/IEC TR 15504 which addresses capability

ISO/IEC 12207 and ISO/IEC 15288 which address lifecycle and

ISO 9001 & ISO 90003 which address quality

ISO/IEC 12207
ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 Systems and software engineering – Software life cycle processes is an international standard for software lifecycle processes. First introduced in 1995, it aims to be a primary standard that defines all the processes required for developing and maintaining software systems, including the outcomes and/or activities of each process.
Sultangazi
Sultangazi is municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 37 km2, and its population is 542,531 (2022). To the west are the neighbourhoods of Esenler and Başakşehir, Gaziosmanpaşa is to the south and Eyüpsultan is to the north and east. One border of the district is formed by the TEM highway.

In 2008 the district Sultangazi was created from parts of the districts Gaziosmanpaşa, Eyüpsultan and Esenler. The name of "Sultangazi" comes from "Sultan" word part of Sultançiftliği (meaning farm of the Sultan) and the neighbourhood of Gazi, with "gazi" the Turkish for a venerated veteran of war.

This district's population comprises many ethnic minorities, including immigrants from Bulgaria and the former Yugoslavia, the Black Sea region of Turkey, Kurds and Alevis, as well as Turks. Kurdish minority and Alevi people are mostly found in the Gazi neighbourhood, which has become infamous in Turkey after the 1995 riots.

Gaziosmanpaşa
Gaziosmanpaşa (Turkish: [ɡaːziosˈmanpaʃa]; old name: Taşlıtarla) is a developing working class municipality (belediye) and district of Istanbul, Turkey, on its European side. Its area is 12 km2, and its population is 495,998 (2022). Esenler and Bayrampaşa are west, Sultangazi is north and Eyüp is south and east of the district.
Time in Uruguay
Uruguay is located at a longitude appropriate for a UTC−04:00 time zone offset, but it actually uses a UTC−03:00 offset. Uruguay used to observe daylight saving time (UTC−02:00) from October until March. On 30 June 2015, the Uruguayan government decided to abolish DST, establishing the UTC−03:00 time zone all year round. The term "UYT" is used in and out of the country to convey specific Uruguay time.

Daylight saving time in Uruguay
Since 2004, Uruguay had usually observed daylight saving time. Starting in 2006, DST begins on the first Sunday in October and ends on the second Sunday in March of every year.
Time zone changed from Standard Time Zone UTC−03:00 to UTC−02:00.

On 30 June 2015 however, Uruguayan government decided to abolish DST from this year putting the country in UTC−03:00 throughout the 2015-2016 Summer.

In September 2016 the president issued the same decision for that year, keeping the country in UTC−03:00 during the 2016-2017 Summer also. There is some discussion/concern over the lack of clarity as to the state of summer time in future years.
Escocès FC
The Escocès FC, officially founded as Escocés Fútbol Club, was a football team based in Barcelona, Spain, which existed only during the year 1900, playing a total of ten friendlies against the likes of FC Barcelona and Català FC. The team was formed and made up mostly of a group of Scottish workers from a factory in Sant Andreu de Palomar, hence its name.

Escocès FC is best remembered for its role in the amateur beginnings of football in Catalonia, most notably in FC Barcelona's beginnings, as at least four Scots who played for Escocès went on to join Barça, and were prominent figures in its early success. Furthermore, the Scots brought their more advanced knowledge of football to the region, a sport still relatively unknown in Barcelona at the time. Despite its very short life, Escocès FC left a big mark in the history of Catalan football.

Català FC
Català Futbol Club, and later Català Sport Club, was a football team based in Barcelona, Spain, which existed from 1899 until its dissolution in the late 1920s. It was one of the most important entities in the amateur beginnings of football in Catalonia, being noted for its prominent role in promoting local football in the city. Català is best known for being the first unofficial football team to be formed in the city of Barcelona, although officially it comes second behind FC Barcelona, with whom they had a very strong rivalry at the turn of the century.