hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahilyabai Holkar
Ahilyabai Holkar (Marathi pronunciation: [əɦɪljɑbaɪ]; 31 May 1725 – 13 August 1795), also spelled Ahalya Bai, was the Rajamata and later the ruling queen of Indore within the Maratha Empire. She established Maheshwar (in Madhya Pradesh) as the seat of the Holkar Dynasty. She is renowned for good governance, social welfare, and humanitarian work along with religious, educational, and cultural advancements. She contributed to the growth of Indian architecture through the commission of various temples, Ghats, and Dharmshalas. Ahilyabai's Matha, or charitable endowments, spread across India. She is remembered as a Sadhvi, or holy woman.

After the deaths of her husband Khanderao Holkar, father-in-law Malhar Rao Holkar, and son Male Rao Holkar, Ahilyabai undertook the affairs of the Holkar dynasty. She defended Indore against invasions and personally led armies into battle, with her brother-in-law Tukoji Rao Holkar serving as her military commander.

Malhar Rao Holkar
Malhar Rao Holkar (16 March 1693 – 20 May 1766) was a noble subedar of the Maratha Empire and the first Maharaja of Indore from 1732 until his death in 1766. He was one of the early officers along with Ranoji Scindia, appointed by Peshwa Bajirao I to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was given the estate of Indore to rule by the King chief, during the reign of the Maratha Emperor Shahu I. He was founder of the Holkar dynasty that ruled Malwa.
Jupiter (locomotive)
The Jupiter (officially known as Central Pacific Railroad #60) is a 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive owned by the Central Pacific Railroad.  It made history when it joined the Union Pacific 119 at Promontory Summit, Utah, during the golden spike ceremony commemorating the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869.

The Jupiter was built in September 1868 by the Schenectady Locomotive Works of New York, along with three other engines of identical specifications, numbered 61, 62, and 63 named the Storm, Whirlwind, and Leviathan, respectively.  These were then dismantled and sailed to San Francisco, California, loaded onto a river barge, and sent to the Central Pacific headquarters in Sacramento.  After reassembly the Jupiter was commissioned into service on March 20, 1869, with the other three entering service within the following month.

Leviathan (locomotive)
The Leviathan, officially known as Central Pacific #63, is a 4-4-0 steam locomotive owned by the Central Pacific Railroad. It was notable for helping construct the First transcontinental railroad before hauling Leland Stanford's special train, which was then passed on to sister engine #60, the Jupiter, to take part in the railroad's completion in 1869.

The Leviathan was built in September 1868 by the Schenectady Locomotive Works in New York, along with three other identical engines, numbered 60, 61, and 62, respectively named the Jupiter, Storm, and Whirlwind. These were dismantled and sailed to San Francisco, California, before being sent to the Central Pacific headquarters in Sacramento for reassembly. The Jupiter was the first to be commissioned into service on March 20, 1869, followed by the Whirlwind on April 4 of that year, and the Storm and Leviathan entered service the following day, April 5, 1869.
Roundel (heraldry)
A roundel is a circular charge in heraldry. Roundels are among the oldest charges used in coats of arms, dating from the start of the age of heraldry in Europe, circa 1200–1215. Roundels are typically a solid colour but may be charged with an item or be any of the furs used in heraldry. Roundels are similar to the annulet, which some heralds would refer to as a false roundel.

Annulet (heraldry)
In heraldry, an annulet (i.e. "little ring") is a common charge, which can be described as a roundel that has been "voided" (i.e. with its centre cut out).

In the 19th century, it was theorised by Webster's Dictionary to be related to the custom of prelates to receive their investiture per baculum et annulum ('by rod and ring'). In English and Canadian heraldry it is also used as the difference mark of a fifth son.
First Kiss Story II
First Kiss Story II (Japanese: ファーストKiss☆物語II) is a romance visual novel, the sequel to First Kiss Story. It was released for the Dreamcast on August 8, 2002. It is also part of the PlayStation 2 enhanced port titled First Kiss Stories.

First Kiss Story
First Kiss Monogatari (Japanese: ファーストKiss☆物語, Hepburn: Fāsuto Kiss☆Monogatari, translated "First Kiss☆Story") is a romance visual novel developed by HuneX. It was originally released for the PC-FX on April 24, 1998, and was the last game to be released for the system. It received a port to the PlayStation in the same year on November 26. The PlayStation version had additional content and used two CDs instead of one. It is followed by an OVA anime sequel and First Kiss Story II. The game, along with its sequel, were ported to the PlayStation 2 in First Kiss Stories.
Intensive care unit
An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive care medicine.

An intensive care unit was defined by the task force of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine as "an organized system for the provision of care to critically ill patients that provides intensive and specialized medical and nursing care, an enhanced capacity for monitoring, and multiple modalities of physiologic organ support to sustain life during a period of life-threatening organ system insufficiency."

Patients may be referred directly from an emergency department or from a ward if they rapidly deteriorate, or immediately after surgery if the surgery is very invasive and the patient is at high risk of complications.

Intensive care medicine
Intensive care medicine, usually called critical care medicine, is a medical specialty that deals with seriously or critically ill patients who have, are at risk of, or are recovering from conditions that may be life-threatening. It includes providing life support, invasive monitoring techniques, resuscitation, and end-of-life care. Doctors in this specialty are often called intensive care physicians, critical care physicians, or intensivists.

Intensive care relies on multidisciplinary teams composed of many different health professionals. Such teams often include doctors, nurses, physical therapists, respiratory therapists, and pharmacists, among others. They usually work together in intensive care units (ICUs) within a hospital.
Forres railway station
Forres railway station serves the town of Forres, Moray in Scotland. The station is managed and served by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen–Inverness line, between Nairn and Elgin, measured 119 miles 42 chains (192.4 km) from Perth via the Dava route.

Elgin railway station
Elgin railway station is a railway station serving the town of Elgin, Moray in Scotland. The station is managed and served by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line, between Keith and Forres, measured 12 miles 18 chains (19.7 km) from Forres.
Mount!
Mount! is a 2016 novel by English author Jilly Cooper. It is the tenth book in the Rutshire Chronicles series. The plot centres on Rupert Campbell-Black's efforts to have his horse Love Rat named as leading sire, which forces him to travel the world, putting a strain on his marriage to Taggie. To research the novel Cooper spoke to a range of people, including trainers Robert Cowell, Mark Prescott and Henry Cecil. The cover of the novel was criticised pre-release, with suggestions that it looked "50-Shadesian". Whilst the novel received mixed reviews, with criticism focussed on its treatment of non-consensual sex and characterisation, Jenny Colgan, reviewing the novel stated that what readers really look to Cooper's books for is "joy ... daft, silly, boozy joy, and if you like joy, you’ll like this".

Rutshire Chronicles
The Rutshire Chronicles is a series of romantic novels by Jilly Cooper. Set in the fictional county of Rutshire, characters recur across the series repeatedly, including the upper-class MP Rupert Campbell-Black. The first book in the series was published in 1985, and the last in 2023. Three of the books from the series, Riders, Rivals and The Man Who Made Husbands Jealous, have been adapted for television, in 1993, 2023 and 1997 respectively.
Louis Wolff
Louis Wolff (April 14, 1898 – January 28, 1972) was an American cardiologist and college professor. He was the chief of the electrocardiographic laboratory at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston from 1928 to 1964. In 1930, Wolff described the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with John Parkinson and Paul Dudley White.

Paul Dudley White
Paul Dudley White (June 6, 1886 – October 31, 1973) was an American physician and cardiologist. He was considered one of the leading cardiologists of his day, and a prominent advocate of preventive medicine.
Liang (currency)
Liang (simplified Chinese: 两; traditional Chinese: 兩; pinyin: liǎng), or leung in Cantonese, also called "Chinese ounce" or "tael", was a traditional Chinese unit of currency measurement.

In China, there were many different weighting standards of liang currency depending on the region or type of trade. In general, the silver liang weighed around 40 grams (1.3 ozt). The most common government measurement was the Kuping (庫平; kùpíng; 'treasury standard') liang, weighing 37.5 grams (1.21 ozt). A common commercial weight, the Caoping (漕平; cáopíng; 'canal shipping standard') liang weighed 36.7 grams (1.18 ozt) of marginally less pure silver.

Liang (mass)
Liang (simplified Chinese: 两; traditional Chinese: 兩; pinyin: liǎng), or leung in Cantonese, liae in Wenzhounese, liong in Hakka, lian in Shanghainese, also called "Chinese ounce" or "tael", is a traditional Chinese unit for weight measurement. It originated in China before being introduced to neighboring countries in East and Southeast Asia.

Modern standards for the liang include 1/10 jin (50 grams) in mainland China, 37.5 grams in Taiwan, Korea and Thailand,
37.799 grams in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, and 37.8 grams in Vietnam.

Liang is mostly used in traditional markets, and is a well-known measure for gold, silver and Chinese medicines.
Louvre Pyramid
The Louvre Pyramid (French: Pyramide du Louvre) is a large glass-and-metal entrance way and skylight designed by the Chinese-American architect I. M. Pei. The pyramid is in the main courtyard (Cour Napoléon) of the Louvre Palace in Paris, surrounded by three smaller pyramids. The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum, allowing light to the underground visitors hall, while also allowing sight lines of the palace to visitors in the hall, and through access galleries to the different wings of the palace. Completed in 1989 as part of the broader Grand Louvre project, it has become a landmark of Paris and a symbol of the museum.

Grand Louvre
The Grand Louvre was a decade-long project initiated by French President François Mitterrand in 1981 which expanded and remodelled the Louvre – both the building and the museum – by moving the French Finance Ministry, which had been located in the Louvre's northern wing since 1871, to a different location. The centerpiece of the Grand Louvre is the Louvre Pyramid designed by Chinese-American architect I. M. Pei, which was also the project's most controversial component. The Grand Louvre was substantially completed in the late 1990s, even though its last elements were only finalized in the 2010s.
Guerrilla Games
Guerrilla B.V. (trade name: Guerrilla Games) is a Dutch first-party video game developer based in Amsterdam and part of PlayStation Studios. The company was founded as Lost Boys Games in January 2000 through the merger of three smaller development studios as a subsidiary of multimedia conglomerate company Lost Boys. Lost Boys Games became independent the following year and was acquired by Media Republic in 2003, renaming the studio to Guerrilla Games before being purchased by Sony Computer Entertainment in 2005. As of 2025, the company employs 385 people under the leadership of joint studio directors Jan-Bart van Beek, Joel Eschler and Hella Schmidt. It is best known for the Killzone and Horizon game series.

PlayStation Studios
PlayStation Studios (formerly SCE Worldwide Studios and SIE Worldwide Studios) is a division of Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE) that oversees the video game development at the studios owned by SIE. The division was established as SCE Worldwide Studios in September 2005 and rebranded as PlayStation Studios in 2020 to include the PlayStation brand.
Middelburg virus
Middelburg virus (MIDV) is an alphavirus of the Old World Group that has likely endemic and zoonotic potential. It is of the viral family Togaviridae. It was isolated from mosquitos in 1957 in South Africa, MDIV antigens have now been found in livestock, horses, and humans.

Alphavirus
Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family. Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. There are 32 alphavirus species, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates. Alphaviruses that can infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred to as dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus and Yada yada virus are restricted to their competent arthropod vector. Transmission between species and their vertebrate hosts (including human) occurs mainly via mosquitoes, making the alphaviruses a member of the collection of arboviruses – or arthropod-borne viruses. Alphavirus particles are enveloped, have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical (although slightly pleomorphic), and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid.
Holyoke Catholic High School
Holyoke Catholic High School was a private, Roman Catholic high school in Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States. It was located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts.

In 2015, Holyoke Catholic High School merged with Cathedral High School to form a new regional Catholic school that was completed in 2016 as Pope Francis High School.

Pope Francis Preparatory School
Pope Francis Preparatory School is a Catholic co-educational college-preparatory high school in Springfield, Massachusetts.

The school was originally opened as Cathedral High School in 1883 by the Sisters of Saint Joseph at St. Michael's Cathedral. In 2011, the school's building was destroyed by a tornado. A few years later in 2015, it was announced that it would merge with Holyoke Catholic High School in Chicopee to form a new regional Catholic school. The new building was completed in 2016 and reopened as Pope Francis High School. The school was later renamed to the current moniker. The school's current building is on the site of the original Cathedral High School.
Nam phrik
Nam phrik (Thai: น้ำพริก, pronounced [ná(ː)m pʰrík̚]) is a type of Thai spicy chili sauce typical of Thai cuisine. Usual ingredients for nam phrik-type sauces are fresh or dry chilies, garlic, shallots, lime juice and often some kind of fish or shrimp paste. In the traditional way of preparing these sauces, the ingredients are pounded together using a mortar and pestle, with either salt or fish sauce added to taste.

Nam phrik-type sauces are normally served on small saucers placed by the main dish as a condiment or dip for relatively bland preparations, such as raw or boiled greens, fish, poultry and meats. Depending on the type, the region and the family that prepares it, nam phrik may vary in texture from a liquid to a paste to an almost dry, granular, or powdery consistency.

Instead of khrueang kaeng or phrik kaeng, the words nam phrik can also be used to denote Thai curry pastes, such as in nam phrik kaeng som for kaeng som or nam phrik kaeng phet for kaeng phet.

Shrimp paste
Shrimp paste, shrimp sauce, or prawn sauce is a fermented condiment commonly used in Southeast Asian and coastal Chinese cuisines. It is primarily made from finely crushed shrimp or krill mixed with salt, and then fermented for several weeks. Depending on the regional variations, it is sold either in its wet form or sun-dried, and either cut into blocks or sold in bulk. It is an essential ingredient in many curries, sauces and sambal. Shrimp paste can be found in many meals in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is often an ingredient in dip for fish or vegetables.
Marathon Infinity
Marathon Infinity is a first-person shooter video game, the third in the science fiction Marathon series by Bungie. The game was released on October 15, 1996 and included more levels than its predecessor Marathon 2: Durandal. These levels were larger, and formed part of a more intricate plot. Marathon Infinity, unlike Marathon 2, was originally released only for the Apple Macintosh. However, Bungie released the source for Marathon 2 in 1999, allowing the development of the open-source multiplatform Aleph One engine that is also compatible with Infinity. In 2005, Bungie released the trilogy to the public as freeware, allowing the games to be freely downloaded. In 2011, Bungie released the source code for Marathon Infinity itself, preceding an official Aleph One-based port for iOS the next year that is available free (with in-app purchases). The game was rereleased on Steam by the Aleph One team and Bungie in 2025.

Marathon (series)
Marathon is a science fiction first-person shooter video game series from Bungie, originally released for the Classic Mac OS. The name of the series is derived from the giant interstellar colony ship that provides the main setting for the first game; the ship is constructed out of the Martian moon Deimos. The series is often regarded as a spiritual predecessor of Bungie's Halo series.
Order of Knight Masons
The Order of Knight Masons is a chivalric Masonic order for Master Masons who are also members of both a Mark Lodge and a Royal Arch Chapter. Its members meet in Councils of Knight Masons, governed by the Grand Council of Knight Masons.

Established in 1923, the Order was formed to preserve and standardize a group of degrees historically worked across various Masonic bodies in Ireland, including Royal Arch Chapters and Knights Templar Preceptories. These degrees draw upon themes from events following the Babylonian captivity and form the core of the Order’s ceremonial tradition.

Masonic bodies
There are many organisations and orders which form part of the widespread fraternity of Freemasonry, each having its own structure and terminology. Collectively, these may be referred to as Masonic bodies, Masonic orders, Concordant bodies, or appendant bodies of Freemasonry.
Hudson Falls, New York
Hudson Falls (formerly Sandy Hill) is a village located in Washington County, New York, United States. The village is in the southwest of the town of Kingsbury, on U.S. Route 4. Hudson Falls is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 7,428. It was the county seat of Washington County until 1994, when the county seat was moved to Fort Edward.

Washington County, New York
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,302. The county seat is Fort Edward. The county was named for U.S. President George Washington. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Ocular dominance column
Ocular dominance columns are stripes of neurons in the visual cortex of certain mammals (including humans) that respond preferentially to input from one eye or the other. The columns span multiple cortical layers, and are laid out in a striped pattern across the surface of the striate cortex (V1). The stripes lie perpendicular to the orientation columns.

Ocular dominance columns were important in early studies of cortical plasticity, as it was found that monocular deprivation causes the columns to degrade, with the non-deprived eye assuming control of more of the cortical cells.

It is believed that ocular dominance columns must be important in binocular vision. Surprisingly, however, many squirrel monkeys either lack or partially lack ocular dominance columns, which would not be expected if they are useful. This has led some to question whether they serve a purpose, or are just a byproduct of development.

Visual cortex
The visual cortex of the brain is the area of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe. Sensory input originating from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex. The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1 (V1), Brodmann area 17, or the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (also known as V2, V3, V4, and V5, or Brodmann area 18 and all Brodmann area 19).

Both hemispheres of the brain include a visual cortex; the visual cortex in the left hemisphere receives signals from the right visual field, and the visual cortex in the right hemisphere receives signals from the left visual field.
The Adventures of the Wilderness Family
The Adventures of the Wilderness Family (also known as The Wilderness Family) is a 1975 American family adventure drama film directed by Stewart Raffill and starring Robert Logan, George Buck Flower and Susan Damante-Shaw. The film is about Skip Robinson and his family who decide to move from Los Angeles, California to a new home in the majestic Rocky Mountains, where Skip builds a log cabin and the children befriend wild animals. As the intrepid Robinsons make a simpler life for themselves off the grid, they discover that, in the wilderness, each day brings its own adventure.

The Adventures of the Wilderness Family was released in theaters on December 19, 1975, by Pacific International Enterprises, and grossed $28.8 million. The film had two sequels: The Further Adventures of the Wilderness Family (1978, also known as Wilderness Family Part 2) and Mountain Family Robinson (1979). The filming location was the Gunnison National Forest in the state of Colorado.

Mountain Family Robinson
Mountain Family Robinson (a.k.a. Wilderness Family Part 3) is a 1979 family movie that stars Robert Logan, Susan Damante-Shaw and George Buck Flower. This film is a sequel to The Adventures of the Wilderness Family and The Further Adventures of the Wilderness Family and, like its predecessors, was filmed in the states of Colorado and Utah.
Parliament of the Kingdom of Libya
The Parliament of the Kingdom of Libya was the bicameral legislature of the Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1969. It consisted of the lower house, the House of Representatives, and the upper house, Senate. The legislature was established in the 1951 Constitution, and abolished following the 1969 coup d'état by Muammar Gaddafi.

Kingdom of Libya
The Kingdom of Libya (Arabic: المملكة الليبية, romanized: Al-Mamlakah Al-Lībiyya, lit. 'Libyan Kingdom'; Italian: Regno di Libia), known as the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, was a constitutional monarchy in North Africa that came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 from the United Kingdom  and France and lasted until a bloodless coup d'état on 1 September 1969. The coup, led by Muammar Gaddafi, overthrew King Idris and established the Libyan Arab Republic.
Charlotte B. Ray
Charlotte B. Ray (née Charlotte Augusta Burroughs; c. 1813 – 25 October 1891) was an American prominent pastor, suffragist, and abolitionist. Charlotte was the second wife of Charles Bennett Ray a revered African-American journalist. They were an active part of the Underground Railroad in Manhattan.

Charles Bennett Ray
Charles Bennett Ray (December 25, 1807 – August 15, 1886) was a prominent African-American minister and abolitionist who owned and edited the weekly newspaper The Colored American. Born in Massachusetts, he spent most of his career and life in New York City.