hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Motor landing craft
The motor landing craft (MLC) was a vessel used in the 1920s and 30s. It was specifically designed to deliver a tank to shore and may be considered the predecessor of all Allied landing craft mechanised (LCM). The MLC also saw action in the first year of the Second World War. Its primary purpose was to ferry tanks, troops and stores from ships to shore. The craft derived from discussions of the Landing Craft Committee; the prototype was designed by J. Samuel White of Cowes.

Manufactured of steel, this shallow-draught, barge-like boat could ferry its cargo to shore at a speed of up to five knots. For a short journey, from shore to shore, the cargo could be rolled or carried into the boat over its ramp. On longer journeys, ship to shore, a derrick would lower the MLC into the sea from the transporting vessel. The derrick would then lower the vehicle or cargo load. Upon touching down on shore, soldiers or vehicles exited by the bow ramp.

Landing craft mechanized
The landing craft mechanized (LCM) is a military landing craft designed for carrying personnel and vehicles from ship to shore without requiring a pier or other shore-based structure. Multiple different models with varying size, capacity, and power plants were produced starting in 1920. They came to prominence during the Second World War when they were used to land troops and tanks during Allied amphibious assaults.
Bazooka Joe
Bazooka Joe is a comic strip character and mascot featured on small comics included in individually wrapped pieces of Bazooka bubble gum. He wears a black eyepatch, lending him a distinctive appearance. He is one of the more recognizable American advertising characters of the 20th century, due to worldwide distribution, and one of the few associated with a candy.

Bazooka (chewing gum)
Bazooka is an American brand of bubble gum that was introduced in 1947. It is a product of "Bazooka Candy Brands" (BCB), which was a division of The Topps Co. until the latter’s acquisition by Fanatics, Inc. in 2022.

In October 2023, it was announced that Apax Partners had completed the acquisition of BCB and its product portfolio.
Minahasa Regency
Minahasa Regency is a regency in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its capital is Tondano. It covers an area of 1,141.64 km2 and had a population of 310,384 at the 2010 Census; this rose to 347,290 at the 2020 Census, and the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 351,920 (comprising 179,240 males and 172,680 females).

Several cities and regencies representing areas that were initially part of the Minahasa Regency have since been removed from this regency and established as the cities of Bitung (initially made an administrative city in 1975, and then raised to a fully independent city on 15 August 1990) and Tomohon (25 February 2003), and the regencies of South Minahasa (also on 25 February 2003), North Minahasa (on 18 December 2003), and Southeast Minahasa (on 2 January 2007, through the South Minahasa Regency).

South Minahasa Regency
South Minahasa Regency is a regency in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its capital is the town of Amurang.  It was originally part of the Minahasa Regency until it was established as a separate regency on 25 February 2003. In turn, nearly four years later, a new Southeast Minahasa Regency was established as a separate regency from part of the South Minahasa Regency on 2 January 2007. The residual Regency now covers an area of 1,456.74 km2, and had a population of 195,553 at the 2010 Census; this had risen to 236,463 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 244,590.
Then: The Earlier Years
Then: The Earlier Years is a double album compilation by the band They Might Be Giants, released in 1997. Then contains the band's first two studio albums, 1986's They Might Be Giants and 1988's Lincoln, in their entirety, as well as the 1991 B-side compilation Miscellaneous T, in addition to a few unreleased songs from their 1985 Demo Tape and other songs previously unreleased.

The compilation Best of the Early Years is a heavily condensed version of this release (a single disc and only 10 tracks).

The cover art is by Tony Millionaire.

Miscellaneous T
Miscellaneous T is a B-side and remix compilation album released by the alternative rock band They Might Be Giants in 1991. It is a US re-release of Don't Let's Start (which was only released in the UK and West Germany), with different cover art, track order, and the additional song "Hello Radio".

The album consists of all of the B-sides from the singles the band released between 1987 and 1989 (except "Ana Ng"), with the addition of the relatively new songs "The World's Address (Joshua Fried Remix)"—released beforehand only on Don't Let's Start—and "Hello Radio", which was previously released on a promotional sampler.

All of the songs, with the exception of "(She Was A) Hotel Detective (Single Mix)", are included on Then: The Earlier Years, a compilation of the band's early material.

Miscellaneous T is said to be named for the section in record stores where They Might Be Giants' albums were most often shelved in the band's early years.
Avia BH-23
The Avia BH-23 was a prototype night fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1926. The design was derived from the BH-21 day fighter, incorporating structural changes made to the BH-22 trainer, and the type was originally designated BH-22N. Searchlights and other night-flying equipment were added, but the Czechoslovak Air Force were not interested in the project and no sale resulted.

Avia BH-21
The Avia BH-21 was a fighter biplane designed and produced by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Avia. First flown in January 1925, it served an important role in securing Czechoslovak national security during the Interwar period.

It originated as the Avia BH-17 during the early 1920s, which was redesigned in response to feedback from an official evaluation of the aircraft as a fighter. Performing its maiden flight in January 1925, it was put into quantity production later that same year. It was operated by both the Czechoslovak Air Force and the Belgian Air Force. As well as being a competent fighter aircraft, it was also an accomplished racer, winning several air races in the mid-1920s.
Dow Jones & Company
Dow Jones & Company, Inc. (also known simply as Dow Jones) is an American publishing firm owned by News Corp, and led by CEO Almar Latour. The company publishes The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, MarketWatch, Mansion Global, Financial News and Private Equity News.

The company is best known for its historical publication of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and related market statistics. It published the DJIA from 1882 until 2010, when News Corp then sold 90% ownership of the Dow Jones stock market indices business to CME Group; News Corp sold CME its remaining 10% in 2013.

Barron's
Barron's (stylized in all caps) is an American weekly magazine and newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp, since 1921.

Founded as Barron's National Financial Weekly in 1921 by Clarence W. Barron (1855–1928) as a sister publication to The Wall Street Journal, Barron's covers U.S. financial companies, market developments, and relevant statistics. Each issue provides a summary of the previous week's market activity as well as news, reports, and an outlook on the week to come.
Port of Civitavecchia
Port of Civitavecchia, also known as "Port of Rome", or Civitavecchia Port of Rome, is the seaport of Civitavecchia, Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy. It is an important hub for the maritime transport in Italy, for goods and passengers. The Rome Cruise Terminal is part of the port. Part of the "Motorways of the Sea", it is linked to several Mediterranean ports and represents one of the main links between the  Italian mainland and Sardinia.

The port of Civitavecchia, with approximately 3.33 million passengers per year, is the first Italian port for cruise traffic, the first in Europe, the first in the Mediterranean Sea and among the busiest in the world.

Rome has two additional yacht harbors/marinas: Marina of Rome in Ostia and Riva di Traiano tourist port also in Civitavecchia, and also the Port of Fiumicino used as a canal port.

Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia (Italian: [ˌtʃivitaˈvɛkkja], lit. 'Ancient Town'; Latin: Centumcellae, and later, Civitas Vetus) is a city and major sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea 60 kilometres (37 miles) west-northwest of Rome, Lazio, Italy. Administratively, it is a comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Civitavecchia's harbour is formed by two piers and a breakwater on which stands a lighthouse.
NationStates
NationStates (formerly Jennifer Government: NationStates) is a multiplayer government simulation browser game created and developed by Max Barry. Based loosely on Barry's novel Jennifer Government, the game launched on 13 November 2002 with the site originally founded to publicize and promote Barry's novel one week before its release. NationStates continues to promote books written by Barry, but has developed to be a sizable online community, with an accompanying forum board. As of 24 January 2026, over 9.7 million user-created nations have been created with 329,305 nations active.

Government simulation game
A government simulation or political simulation is a game that attempts to simulate the government and politics of all or part of a nation. These games may include geopolitical situations (involving the formation and execution of foreign policy), the creation of domestic political policies, or the simulation of political campaigns. They differ from the genre of classical wargames due to their discouragement or abstraction of military or action elements.
Ilto Managed Reserve
Ilto Managed Reserve (Georgian: ილტოს აღკვეთილი) is a protected area in Akhmeta Municipality in Kakheti region of Georgia.

Ilto Managed Reserve  is part of Batsara-Babaneuri Protected Areas which also includes Batsara Strict Nature Reserve and Babaneuri Strict Nature Reserve.

Ilto Managed Reserve includes the parts of the head of Ilto valley. It borders Batsara Strict Nature Reserve located in Pankisi Gorge to the east.

Ilto Managed Reserve was established in order to protect and restore precious wood species and characteristic fauna.

Batsara Strict Nature Reserve
Batsara Strict Nature Reserve (Georgian: ბაწარის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალი) is a protected area in Akhmeta Municipality, Kakheti region of Georgia in Pankisi Gorge on the bank of Alazani River, 700–2,000 meters  above sea level  at the foot of the Greater Caucasus. It borders with Ilto Managed Reserve which  includes part of Ilto valley.
Landkreis Friedeberg Nm.
The district of Friedeberg Nm., also called Friedeberger Kreis in the 19th century, was an administrative district from 1816 to 1945, located within the Province of Brandenburg of Prussia and Germany until 1938 and then to the Province of Pomerania. The district comprised the three towns of Driesen (Drezdenko), Friedeberg (Strzelce Krajeńskie) and Woldenberg (Dobiegniew). The district area is now in the Strzelce-Drezdenko County of the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship.

Strzelce Krajeńskie
Strzelce Krajeńskie [ˈstʂɛlt͡sɛ kraˈjɛɲskʲɛ] (German: Friedeberg in der Neumark) is a town in western Poland, in the Lubusz Voivodeship. It is the capital of the Strzelce-Drezdenko County. The town's population is 9,950 (2019).
Nyango Star
Nyango Star (Japanese: にゃんごすたー) is a yuru-chara and drummer who is the mascot of Kuroishi, Aomori, Japan. The character is a hybrid of an apple and a cat. His name is inspired by drummer Ringo Starr. Played by an anonymous performer, Nyango Star plays heavy metal drums. The character's concerts and merchandise increases revenue and attention for Kuroishi, a farming community with a declining population. Videos of Nyango Star performing the theme song to Anpanman went viral in Japan in 2019 and became an international internet meme the following year. He is one of the most famous yuru-chara.

Kuroishi, Aomori
Kuroishi (黒石市, Kuroishi-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023, the city had an estimated population of 31,540 in 13,948 households  and a population density of 150 people per km2. The total area of the city is 217.05 square kilometers (83.80 sq mi).
1985 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1985 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Bassano del Grappa, Italy in 1985. Fourteen events were contested, 12 for men (5 for professionals, 7 for amateurs) and 2 for women.

In the same period, the 1985 UCI Road World Championships were organized in Giavera del Montello.

1985 UCI Road World Championships
The 1985 UCI Road World Championships took place on 1 September 1985 in Giavera del Montello, Italy.

In the same period, the 1985 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were organized in Bassano del Grappa.
Lowell family
The Lowell family is one of the Boston Brahmin families of New England, known for both intellectual and commercial achievements.

The family had emigrated to Boston from England in 1639, led by the patriarch Percival Lowle (c. 1570–1664/1665). The surname was spelt in many ways until it was standardised as Lowell from about 1721, apparently by the Rev. John Lowell. It was a later John Lowell (1743–1802) from whom the famous dynasty was descended.

Boston Brahmin
The Boston Brahmins are members of Boston's historic upper class. From the late 19th century through the mid-20th century, they were often associated with a cultivated New England accent, Harvard University, Congregationalism and Unitarianism and to a lesser extent Episcopalianism, and traditional British-American customs and clothing. Descendants of the earliest English colonists are typically considered to be the most representative of the Boston Brahmins. They are considered White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs).
Mount Langley
Mount Langley is a mountain located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada, on the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties in eastern California, in the United States. To the east is the Owens Valley, and to the west is the Kern River Valley. It is the ninth-highest peak in the state and the seventh-highest in the Sierra. Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the contiguous United States, lies 4.8 miles (7.7 km) to the northwest. Mount Langley also has the distinction of being the southernmost fourteener in the United States.

Mount Whitney
Mount Whitney (Paiute: Tumanguya) is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, and the highest point in the contiguous United States, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). It lies in East–Central California on the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties, and 84.6 miles (136.2 km) west-northwest of North America's lowest topographic point, Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park, at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. The mountain's west slope is in Sequoia National Park and the summit is the southern terminus of the John Muir Trail, which runs 211.9 mi (341.0 km) from Happy Isles in Yosemite Valley. The eastern slopes are in Inyo National Forest in Inyo County. Mount Whitney is ranked 18th by topographic isolation and 81st by prominence on Earth.
Manggarai Regency
Manggarai Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia, situated on the island of Flores. Established in 1958 to encompass the 6,924.18 km2 area of the lands of the indigenous Manggarai people (speaking the various dialects of the Rombo Manggarai language), the regency was reduced in area (by over 80%) and in population by the separation of the more western districts to form West Manggarai Regency on 25 February 2003 and of the more eastern districts to form East Manggarai Regency on 17 July 2007.

The area of the residual Manggarai Regency is 1,343.83 km2 and its population was 292,037 at the 2010 census and 312,855 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 349,836 (comprising 175,131 males and 174,705 females). The capital of the regency is the town of Ruteng (which equates to the urban Langke Rembong District, and NOT to the rural Ruteng District).

The Liang Bua archeological site is in Manggarai regency, about 10 km to the north of Ruteng.

West Manggarai Regency
West Manggarai Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Manggarai Barat) is one of the eight regencies which comprise the island of Flores, located in the province of East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur) in Indonesia. The Regency was created on 25 February 2003 by the separation off of the western districts from Manggarai Regency.  It covers a land area of 3,129.00 km2, and had a population of 221,703 at the 2010 census, rising to 251,689 at the 2015 Intermediate census and to 256,317 at the 2020 census. The official estimate as at mid 2024 was 276,284 (comprising 138,748 males and 137,536 females). The regency's capital is the town of Labuan Bajo.
Formal Thai national costume
The formal Thai national costume, known in Thai as ชุดไทยพระราชนิยม (RTGS: chut thai phra ratcha niyom, literally 'Thai dress of royal endorsement'), includes several sets of clothing, or chut thai, designed for use as national costume on formal occasions. Although described and intended for use as national costume, they are of relatively modern origins, having been conceived in the second half of the twentieth century.

Traditional Thai clothing
Traditional Thai clothing (Thai: ชุดไทย, RTGS: chut thai lit. 'Thai outfit') refers to the traditional styles of dress worn by the Thai people. It can be worn by men, women, and children. Traditional clothing for Thai women usually consists of a pha nung or a (chong kraben), and a sabai. Northern and northeastern women may wear a sin instead of a pha nung and a chong kraben with either a blouse or a suea pat. Chut thai for men includes a chong kraben or pants, a Raj pattern shirt, with optional knee-length white socks and a sabai. Chut thai for northern Thai men is composed of a sado, a white Manchu-styled jacket, and sometimes a khian hua. In formal occasions, people may choose to wear a so-called formal Thai national costume.
The Horror of Frankenstein
The Horror of Frankenstein is a 1970 British horror film by Hammer Film Productions that is both a semi-parody and semi-remake of the 1957 film The Curse of Frankenstein, of Hammer's Frankenstein series. It was produced and directed by Jimmy Sangster, starring Ralph Bates, Kate O'Mara, Veronica Carlson, and David Prowse as the monster. It was the only film in the Frankenstein series which did not star Peter Cushing. The original music score was composed by Malcolm Williamson.

The Curse of Frankenstein
The Curse of Frankenstein is a 1957 British science fiction horror film produced by Hammer Film Productions, loosely based on the 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus  by Mary W. Shelley. It was Hammer's first colour horror film, and the first of their Frankenstein series. Directed by Terence Fisher and written by Jimmy Sangster, the film sees Victor Frankenstein who, upon being sentenced to death, recounts the story of his attempt at creating the perfect human, only to create a violent creature. It stars Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee as Frankenstein and the Creature, respectively, with Hazel Court and Robert Urquhart in supporting roles.

The film's worldwide success led to several sequels, and was also followed by new versions of Dracula and The Mummy, establishing "Hammer Horror" as a distinctive brand of Gothic cinema. Professor Patricia MacCormack called The Curse of Frankenstein the "first really gory horror film, showing blood and guts in colour".
Nagbahal Hiti
27°40′33.5″N 85°19′27.1″E﻿ / ﻿27.675972°N 85.324194°E﻿ / 27.675972; 85.324194

Nagbahal Hiti, also known as Elhānani Hiti is an old, presumably 8th-century, dhunge dhara (drinking fountain) in Nagbahal, a former Buddhist monastery in the city of Patan, Nepal. In spite of efforts to restore this dhunge dhara, the water is no longer used by the majority of people in the area. However, the space is still being used for cultural events.

Dhunge dhara
A dhunge dhara (Nepali: ढुङ्गे धारा Listenⓘ lit. 'stone faucet') or hiti (Newar: 𑐴𑐶𑐟𑐶‎) is a traditional stone drinking fountain found in Nepal. It is an intricately carved stone waterway through which water flows uninterrupted from underground sources. Dhunge dharas are part of a comprehensive drinking water supply system, commissioned by various rulers of Ancient and Medieval Nepal. The system is supported by numerous ponds and canals that form an elaborate network of water bodies, created as a water resource during the dry season and to help alleviate the water pressure caused by the monsoon rains. After the introduction of modern, piped water systems, starting in the late 19th century, this old system has fallen into disrepair and some parts of it are lost forever. Nevertheless, many people of Nepal still rely on the old dhunge dharas on a daily basis.
Bangdiwala's B
Bangdiwala's B statistic was created by Shrikant Bangdiwala in 1985 and is a measure of inter-rater agreement. While not as commonly used as the kappa statistic the B test has been used by various workers. While it is principally used as a graphical aid to inter observer agreement, its asymptotic distribution is known.

Cohen's kappa
Cohen's kappa coefficient (symbol κ, lowercase Greek kappa) is a statistic used to measure inter-rater reliability for qualitative or categorical data. It is generally thought to be a more robust measure than simple percent agreement calculation, as κ incorporates the possibility of the agreement occurring by chance. There is controversy surrounding Cohen's kappa due to the difficulty in interpreting indices of agreement. Some researchers have suggested that it is conceptually simpler to evaluate disagreement between items.
Cohen's kappa coefficient ranges from -1 (complete disagreement) to 1 (complete agreement).
Chironomus
Chironomus is a genus of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family, Chironomidae, containing several cryptic species that can only be distinguished by experts based on the characteristics of their giant chromosomes.

In the early 20th century the name Tendipes Meigen, 1800 was often used instead.  In 1963 the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature restored the traditional name Chironomus, which was first published in 1803 by Johann Wilhelm Meigen.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".