hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Provo, Utah
Provo (/ˈproʊ.voʊ/ PROH-voh) is a city in and the county seat of Utah County, Utah, United States. It is 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front, and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2020 census of 115,162, Provo is the fourth-largest city in Utah and the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which had a population of 526,810 at the 2010 census. It is Utah's second-largest metropolitan area after Salt Lake City.

Provo is the home to Brigham Young University (BYU), a private higher education institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Provo also has the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center (MTC). The city is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion-dollar startups. The city's Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002.

Utah County, Utah
Utah County is the second-most populous county in the U.S. state of Utah. The county seat and largest city is Provo, which is the state's fourth-largest city, and the largest outside of Salt Lake County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 659,399.

Utah County is one of two counties forming the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, and is part of the larger Salt Lake City metropolitan area. In 2020, the center of population of Utah was in Utah County, in the city of Saratoga Springs.

Utah County is one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States, ranking among the top ten counties in numerical growth. Correspondingly, Provo–Orem is among the top eight metropolitan areas by percentage growth in the country.

Utah County is one of seven counties in the United States to have the same name as its state. The other six counties are Arkansas County, Hawaii County, Idaho County, Iowa County, Oklahoma County and New York County (commonly known as Manhattan).
East River Greenway
The East River Greenway (also called the East River Esplanade) is an approximately 9.44-mile-long (15.19 km) foreshoreway for walking or cycling on the east side of the island of Manhattan on the East River. It is part of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway. The largest portions are operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It is separated from motor traffic, and many sections also separate pedestrians from cyclists. The greenway is parallel to the Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive for a majority of its length.

Parts of the greenway were built at different times. Most of the greenway was built from the 1930s to 1950s in conjunction with the nearby FDR Drive, with exceptions:

Waterside Plaza: 1973

East River Esplanade Park: 1992

East River Waterfront: Late 1990s

Stuyvesant Cove: 2002

United Nations portion (under construction): 2015–28

South Street Seaport
The South Street Seaport is a historic area in the New York City borough of Manhattan, centered where Fulton Street meets the East River, within the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Seaport is a designated historic district. It is part of Manhattan Community Board 1 and is next to the East River to the southeast and the Two Bridges neighborhood to the northeast.

The district features some of the oldest buildings in Lower Manhattan, and includes the largest concentration of restored early 19th-century commercial buildings in the city. This includes renovated original mercantile buildings, renovated sailing ships, the former Fulton Fish Market, and modern tourist malls featuring food, shopping, and nightlife.
Hitesh Bharadwaj
Hitesh Bharadwaj (born 23 December 1991) is an Indian television actor, model, anchor, RJ and poet who is best known for playing Manav Sharma / Vikram Diwan in Choti Sarrdaarni, Ekampreet "Ekam" Singh Randhawa in Udaariyaan and Rajat Thakkar in Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin.

Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin
Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin (transl. Lost in Someone's Love) is an Indian Hindi-language television family drama series that aired from 5 October 2020 to 4 July 2025 on Star Plus and streamed on JioHotstar. The show was produced by Cockrow and Shaika Films and was a loose adaptation of Bengali series Kusum Dola. The series starred Ayesha Singh, Neil Bhatt, Aishwarya Sharma, Bhavika Sharma, Shakti Arora, Sumit Singh, Hitesh Bharadwaj, Amayra Khurana, Vaibhavi Hankare, Param Singh and Sanam Johar.
Micractinium
Micractinium is a genus of microscopic green algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Species of the genus Micractinium are found as phytoplankton, and are commonly found in freshwater habitats around the world. A few species are found as endosymbionts of ciliates. There is increasing interest in Micractinium due to its high growth rate and lipid production.

Chlorellaceae
Chlorellaceae are a family of green algae in the order Chlorellales. About 250 species are currently accepted in the family. Members of the family are distributed worldwide and are common in a variety of freshwater, terrestrial and marine environments.

Members of the family Chlorellaceae are important ecologically, mainly as primary producers. Algae such as Chlorella are important model organisms for plant physiology and biochemistry, because of they are easy to cultivate and grow rapidly. Additionally, many members are rich in lipids, carbohydrates and vitamins, making them of interest in the field of biotechnology. Meanwhile, genera such as Prototheca are of clinical significance as pathogens of humans and other animals.
Giant golden mole
The giant golden mole (Chrysospalax trevelyani) is a small mammal found in Africa. At 23 centimetres (9.1 in) in length, it is the largest of the golden mole species. This mole has dark, glossy brown fur; the name golden comes from the Greek word for green-gold, also the source of the name of the family, Chrysochloridae.

Golden mole
Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing mammals endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. They belong to the family Chrysochloridae (the only family in the suborder Chrysochloridea) and as such they are taxonomically distinct from the true moles, family Talpidae, and other mole-like families, all of which, to various degrees, they resemble as a result of evolutionary convergence. There are 21 species. Some (e.g., Chrysochloris asiatica, Amblysomus hottentotus) are relatively common, whereas others (e.g., species of Chrysospalax, Cryptochloris, Neamblysomus) are rare and endangered.
Georgia State Route 255
State Route 255 (SR 255) is a 19.7-mile-long (31.7 km) S-shaped state highway located in the North Georgia mountains section of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels through White and Habersham counties.

Habersham County, Georgia
Habersham County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,031. The county seat is Clarkesville. The county was created on December 15, 1818, and named for Colonel Joseph Habersham of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. Habersham County comprises the Cornelia, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
The prime minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic was the head of government of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic between 1992 and 2017.

The position of prime minister was established in 1992, and was appointed by the head of state—the president. In a constitutional referendum held in 2017, citizens voted in favour of transforming Artsakh into a presidential system and the office of prime minister was abolished. The president become both the head of state and the head of government.

This is a list of the prime ministers of the Republic of Artsakh.

President of Artsakh
The president of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության նախագահ, Russian: Президент Нагорно-Карабахской Республики) is the head of state and head of government of the government-in-exile of the once de facto Republic of Artsakh.

In a constitutional referendum held in 2017, citizens of the republic voted in favor of adopting a presidential system of governance.

Arayik Harutyunyan was elected president in the 2020 Artsakhian general election. He resigned on 1 September 2023. On 9 September 2023, Samvel Shahramanyan was elected president by Artsakh's parliament to replace Harutyunyan.

Following the Azerbaijani offensive on 19 September 2023, Artsakh agreed to dissolve itself by 1 January 2024, however instead of dissolving, they established a government-in-exile in Yerevan, Armenia presided by Samvel Shahramanyan. The prime minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, has since severely opposed the government-in-exile's existence in Armenia.
Munach
The Munach (Hebrew: מֻנַּח, also spelled Munah or Munakh), translating to English as "to rest," is a common cantillation sound. In Sephardi and Oriental traditions it is often called Shofar holekh. It is marked with a right angle below the corresponding word.

The munach is found in various groups, including the Katon, Etnachta, and Segol groups. One or more munachs can be followed by many different trope sounds, including Zakef katon, Etnachta, Rivia, Zarka, Segol, and Pazer. It is normally used when the number of syllables in a phrase is so great that an extra note is required to accommodate all the syllables.

The munach is normally a short note. But when it is the first of two munachs followed by a Rivia, it has a longer melody. In this case it may also be called legarmeh (מֻנַּח לְגַרְמֵ֣הּ׀).

Zarka (trope)
Zarka or zarqa (Hebrew: זַרְקָא, with variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. It is usually found together with the Segol, with a Munach preceding either or both. The symbol for a Zarka is a 90 degrees rotated, inverted S. The Hebrew word זַרְקָא translates as "throwing" and the melody is ascending in Moroccan and Sefardic tradition (with two or one retracements respectively) and descending in the Ashkenazic.

Zarka is a third-level disjunctive (sar) which always precedes the Segol. Thus, Zarka is to the Segol what Pashta is to the Zakef katan and Tevir to the Tipcha.

The conjunctives and fourth-level disjunctives which precedes the Zarka are the same as for Pashta. Revia can also precedes the Zarka, as for Pashta, although we cannot find an alternation of Revia and Zarka as it exists concerning the Pashta.
Lange Max Museum
The Lange Max Museum (LMM) is devoted to the German 38 cm SK L/45 "Max" gun and the German occupation of Koekelare and the nearby area in World War I. The focus on the German side of the war makes it a unique museum in Belgium. The museum is named after the nickname of the German gun "Lange Max", which was one of the biggest guns in the world in 1917, and is located in Koekelare.

The museum was opened in October 2014 by the Minister-President of Flanders, Geert Bourgeois. It is located on a domain called Site Lange Max, which includes a farmyard. The site includes other protected monuments such as a bakehouse, the artillery platform and a former German mess.

The museum provides information about the "Lange Max" gun that bombarded Dunkirk and also Ypres in 1917 . Dunkirk is located at about ± 45 km from Koekelare. The information is available in four languages: Dutch, German, English and French. Audio guides in Dutch, English and German are also available.

Koekelare
Koekelare (Dutch: [ˈkukəˌlaːrə]; West Flemish: Kookloare) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Bovekerke, Koekelare proper and Zande. On 1 January 2006 Koekelare had a total population of 8,291. The total area is 39.19 km² which gives a population density of 212 inhabitants per km².

Koekelare was formerly written as Couckelaere.
Ralsko
Ralsko (German: Roll) is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,200 inhabitants. It comprises area of the former military training area with Hradčany Air Base. Ralsko is the fourth largest municipality in the country by area.

Ralsko Military Training Area
50°36′56″N 14°48′55″E﻿ / ﻿50.61556°N 14.81528°E﻿ / 50.61556; 14.81528

The Ralsko Military Training Area (Czech: Vojenský prostor Ralsko) was a restricted military/munitions testing area in Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It was located between the towns of Mimoň, Stráž pod Ralskem, Mnichovo Hradiště and Bělá pod Bezdězem. It also included the Ralsko mountain peak, as well as the Hradčany Air Base. The area is about 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) consisting of forests, meadows and sandstone rock formations.
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg (German: Augsburger Frieden), also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on 25 September 1555 in the German city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christianity permanent within the Holy Roman Empire, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. Calvinism was not allowed until the Peace of Westphalia.

The Peace of Augsburg has been described as "the first step on the road toward a European system of sovereign states." The system, created on the basis of the Augsburg Peace, collapsed at the beginning of the 17th century, which was one of the reasons for the Thirty Years' War.

Schmalkaldic League
The Schmalkaldic League (English: /ʃmɔːlˈkɔːldɪk/; German: Schmalkaldischer Bund; Medieval Latin: Foedus Smalcaldicum or Liga Smalcaldica) was a military alliance of Lutheran principalities and cities within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century. It received its name from the town of Schmalkalden, where the group was founded in 1531.

Although created for religious motives soon after the start of the Reformation, its members later came to have the intention that the League would replace the Holy Roman Empire as their focus of political allegiance.

While it was not the first alliance of its kind, unlike previous formations, such as the League of Torgau, the Schmalkaldic League had a substantial military to defend its political and religious interests.
John Sebastian
John Benson Sebastian (born March 17, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who founded the rock band the Lovin' Spoonful in 1964 with Zal Yanovsky. During his time in the Lovin' Spoonful, Sebastian wrote and sang some of the band's biggest hits such as "Do You Believe in Magic", “Summer in the City”, "Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind", and "Daydream". Sebastian left the Spoonful after the 1968 album Everything Playing to focus on a solo career, releasing  John B. Sebastian in 1970.

He made an impromptu appearance at the Woodstock festival in 1969 and scored a U.S. No. 1 hit in 1976 with "Welcome Back", which was used as the theme song on the sitcom Welcome Back, Kotter.

Sebastian was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 as a member of the Lovin' Spoonful.

Zal Yanovsky
Zalman Yanovsky (December 19, 1944 – December 13, 2002) was a Canadian folk-rock musician and restaurateur. Born in Toronto, he was the son of political cartoonist Avrom Yanovsky and teacher Nechama Yanovsky (née Gemeril). He played lead guitar and sang for the Lovin' Spoonful, a rock band which he founded with John Sebastian in 1964.

In 1967, he left the Lovin' Spoonful and was replaced by Jerry Yester. Yanovsky released a solo album in 1968 titled Alive and Well in Argentina. In 1971, he retired from music and became a restaurateur, opening his own restaurant in 1979 and writing cookbooks. He continued to perform occasionally.

Yanovsky was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1996. He was also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 as a member of the Lovin' Spoonful.
Luighne Connacht
Luighne Connacht was a territory located in north-central Connacht, on the borders of what is now County Mayo and County Sligo, Ireland. The Tuatha of Luighne was co-extensive with the modern day boundary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Achonry

Kings of Luighne Connacht
The Kings of Luighne Connacht were rulers of the people and kingdom of Luighne Connacht, located in what is now County Mayo and County Sligo, Ireland.

The southern area was originally known as Gailenga but by the 12th-century called Sliabh Lugha. After the Anglo-Norman conquest of Connacht, it was known as the barony of Gallen, and ruled by the clan Mac Siúrtáin until the early 17th century.

The northern area, lying in south-west County Sligo, retained the name Luighne.

The families of Ó hEaghra, Ó Gadhra and Devlin of Connacht descend from rulers of the kingdoms.
Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem
In transcendental number theory, the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem is a result that is very useful in establishing the transcendence of numbers. It states the following:

In other words, the extension field  has transcendence degree n over .

An equivalent formulation from Baker 1990, Chapter 1, Theorem 1.4, is the following:

This equivalence transforms a linear relation over the algebraic numbers into an algebraic relation over  by using the fact that a symmetric polynomial whose arguments are all conjugates of one another gives a rational number.

The theorem is named for Ferdinand von Lindemann and Karl Weierstrass. Lindemann proved in 1882 that eα is transcendental for every non-zero algebraic number α, thereby establishing that π is transcendental (see below). Weierstrass proved the above more general statement in 1885.

The theorem, along with the Gelfond–Schneider theorem, is extended by Baker's theorem, and all of these would be further generalized by Schanuel's conjecture.

Ferdinand von Lindemann
Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann (12 April 1852 – 6 March 1939) was a German mathematician, noted for his proof, published in 1882, that π (pi) is a transcendental number, meaning it is not a root of any nonzero polynomial with rational coefficients.
Martinez, California
Martinez (Spanish: Martínez) is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, United States, in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait, the city's population was 37,287 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Californio ranchero Ygnacio Martínez, having been founded on his Rancho El Pinole. Martinez is known for its historic center and its waterfront.

Benicia–Martinez Bridge
The Benicia–Martinez Bridge refers to three parallel bridges which cross the Carquinez Strait just west of Suisun Bay in California. The spans link Benicia on the north side with Martinez on the south. A 1962 truss bridge, officially the George Miller Jr., Memorial Bridge after California state legislator George Miller Jr., carries southbound Interstate 680 traffic, bicycles, and pedestrians. A 2007 segmental bridge, officially the Congressman George Miller Benicia–Martinez Bridge after U.S. Congressman George Miller III, carries northbound Interstate 680 traffic. The middle span is a 1930 vertical-lift railroad drawbridge that carries Union Pacific and BNSF freight trains, as well as Amtrak passenger trains.
Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
Rabbi Isaac ben Asher HaLevi or Riba (ריב"א) is the earliest known Tosafist, son-in-law of Eliakim ben Meshullam and pupil of Rashi. He flourished in Speyer during the 11th century.

He is cited under the name of "Tosafot Riba," in the Temim De'im, in the printed tosafot (Sotah 17b), and in the Tosafot Yeshanin (Yoma 15a). They are frequently quoted without the name of their author. Isaac ben Asher also wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch, which is no longer extant. It is cited in the Minchat Yehudah, and Jacob Tam made use of it in his Sefer ha-Yashar (p. 282). He  was also the teacher of Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg and Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg.

Tosafot
The Tosafot, Tosafos or Tosfot (Hebrew: תוספות) are medieval commentaries on the Talmud. They take the form of critical and explanatory glosses, printed, in almost all Talmud editions, on the outer margin and opposite Rashi's notes.

The authors of the Tosafot are known as Tosafists; for a listing (see List of Tosafists.)
Shoaib Malik
Shoaib Malik (Punjabi, Urdu: شعیب ملک; pronounced [ʃoeːb məlɪk]; born 1 February 1982) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played for the Pakistan national cricket team and previously played for Quetta Gladiators in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). He was the captain of the Pakistan national cricket team from 2007 to 2009. He made his One Day International debut in 1999 against the West Indies and his Test debut in 2001 against Bangladesh. With his country, he won the 2009 World Twenty20 and the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy.

2017 ICC Champions Trophy
The 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was the eighth edition of the ICC Champions Trophy, a quadrennial One Day International (ODI) cricket tournament organized by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was held in England and Wales from 1 to 18 June 2017, with England hosting the tournament for the third time and Wales, the second.

The tournament was contested by eight national teams, maintaining the same format used in 2013. After two weeks of round-robin matches, India, England, Pakistan, and Bangladesh finished as the top four and qualified for the knockout stage. In the knockout stage, India and Pakistan beat Bangladesh and England, respectively, to advance to the final, played on 18 June at The Oval in London. Pakistan won the one-sided final by 180 runs, winning their first Champions Trophy.
Armstrong gun
An Armstrong gun was a type of rifled breech-loading field and heavy artillery piece designed by Sir William Armstrong. It was first manufactured in England starting in 1855 by the Elswick Ordnance Company and the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. The Armstrong gun employed a distinctive built-up gun construction method. The core of the gun consisted of a wrought iron (and later, mild steel) inner tube, which was reinforced by a series of wrought-iron coils shrunk over it. This design kept the inner tube under constant compression, increasing its strength and resistance to internal pressure generated during firing.

Rifled breech loader
A rifled breech loader (RBL) is an artillery piece which, unlike the smoothbore cannon and rifled muzzle loader which preceded it, has rifling in the barrel and is loaded from the breech at the rear of the gun.

The spin imparted by the gun's rifling gives projectiles directional stability and increased range. Loading from the rear of the gun leaves the crew less exposed to enemy fire, allows smaller gun emplacements or turrets, and allows a faster rate of fire.

These rapidly improving breech systems and the powerful new guns they facilitated led to an arms race in fortification and ironclad warship design that led to the battleship class of HMS Dreadnought and continued until the start of World War I.