hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isfana River
The Isfana River (Kyrgyz: Исфана суусу; Uzbek: Isfana soyi or Isfanasoy; Russian: река Исфана), also called Isfanasoy and Andarsoy in its lower course, is a north-flowing transboundary river in Central Asia. It is approximately 69 kilometres (43 mi) long and flows through Razzakov, which was also called Isfana until 2022. The river's course runs through Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, from the Turkestan Range into the Syr Darya. Most of the river's water is diverted for irrigation or seeps into the ground, and as such it rarely reaches the Syr-Darya.

The Isfana is fed by unnamed glaciers on the northern flank of the Turkestan Range as well as groundwater. It has 31 tributaries, most of which meet in and around Razzakov. One of the several transboundary rivers in the Syr-Darya basin, the Isfana River flows parallel to the Khojabakirgan River. International donor organizations have supported the establishment of small basin councils in the Isfana River basin, particularly in Tajikistan.

Khojabakirgan
The Khojabakirgan (Tajik: Хочабакиргон; Uzbek: Xoʻjabaqirgʻon/Xoʻjabaqirgan), called the Kozu-Baglan (Kyrgyz: Козу-Баглан) in its upper reaches in Kyrgyzstan, is a left tributary of the Syr Darya that flows from Kyrgyzstan into Tajikistan.

A 2023 study found the Kozu-Baglan/Khojabakirgan Watershed to be the most "water-stressed" transboundary watershed in the Fergana Valley. The river has been a focal point of water-related disputes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
Rod calculus
Rod calculus or rod calculation was the mechanical method of algorithmic computation with counting rods in China from the Warring States to Ming dynasty before the counting rods were increasingly replaced by the more convenient and faster abacus. Rod calculus played a key role in the development of Chinese mathematics to its height in the Song dynasty and Yuan dynasty, culminating in the invention
of polynomial equations of up to four unknowns in the work of Zhu Shijie.

Counting rods
Counting rods (筭) are small bars, typically 3–14 cm (1" to 6") long, that were used by mathematicians for calculation in ancient East Asia. They are placed either horizontally or vertically to represent any integer or rational number.

The written forms based on them are called rod numerals. They are a true positional numeral system with digits for 1–9 and a blank for 0, from the Warring states period (circa 475 BCE) to the 16th century.
Izu Ōshima
Izu Ōshima (伊豆大島, Izu-ōshima) is an inhabited volcanic island in the Izu archipelago and borders Sagami Bay and the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Honshu, Japan, 22 km (14 mi) east of the Izu Peninsula and 36 km (22 mi) southwest of Bōsō Peninsula.  As with the other islands in the Izu Island group, Izu Ōshima forms part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.  Izu Ōshima, at 91.06 km2 (35.16 sq mi) is the largest and closest of Tokyo's outlying islands, which also include the Ogasawara Islands.

Izu Islands
The Izu Islands (伊豆諸島, Izu Shotō; Japanese pronunciation: [i.(d)zɯ, i.(d)zɯ ɕoꜜ.toː]) are a group of volcanic islands stretching south and east from the Izu Peninsula of Honshū, Japan. Administratively, they form two towns and six villages; all part of Tokyo Prefecture. The largest is Izu Ōshima, usually called simply Ōshima.

Although usually called the "Seven Islands of Izu" (伊豆七島 in Japanese), there are in fact more than a dozen islands and islets. Nine among them are currently inhabited.
KJAQ
KJAQ (96.5 FM) is a commercial radio station in Seattle, Washington. KJAQ airs an adult hits music format branded as "Jack FM". It is owned by iHeartMedia. The studios and offices are in the Belltown neighborhood northwest of Downtown Seattle. The station's transmitter is on Tiger Mountain in Issaquah. KJAQ broadcasts in the HD Radio format. The HD-2 subchannel carries an alternative rock format and HD-3 simulcasts conservative talk KPTR, also owned by iHeart.

KPTR (AM)
KPTR (1090 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Seattle, Washington. It airs a conservative talk format and is owned by iHeartMedia. The studios and offices are in the Belltown neighborhood northwest of Downtown Seattle.

KPTR is powered at 50,000 watts, the maximum for AM stations in the U.S., and is a Class B station. Because AM 1090 is a clear-channel frequency reserved for Class A stations WBAL in Baltimore and XEPRS in Rosarito-Tijuana, KPTR must use a directional antenna at all times to avoid interference. The transmitter is off Dockton Road SW on Vashon Island. KPTR also airs on the HD3 sub-channel of co-owned KJAQ.
Mahlathini
Simon "Mahlathini" Nkabinde (1937 or 1938 – 27 July 1999) was a South African mbaqanga singer. Known as the "Lion of Soweto", Nkabinde is the acknowledged exponent of the deep-voiced, basso profundo "groaning" style that came to symbolize mbaqanga music in the 1960s. Nkabinde was also a very active live performer in South Africa, recording and performing with the Mahotella Queens and the backing Makgona Tsohle Band from 1964 to 1971, and then again from 1983 to 1999. The Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens act was propelled into international stardom in the wake of Paul Simon's 1986 Graceland album.

Makgona Tsohle Band
The Makgona Tsohle Band was a South African instrumental band that is noted for creating the mbaqanga music style. Mbaqanga is an acculturated popular South African music  that emerged in the 19th century. Mbaqanga is also referred to as township jive. The group was formed in 1964 at Mavuthela (the 'black music' division of Gallo Record Company), and became the Mavuthela house band. It garnered success by backing fellow Mavuthela-Gallo stars, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens. It is often referred to as the South African equivalent to Motown's The Funk Brothers.
Tyrone Dobbs
Tyrone Dobbs is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Portrayed by Alan Halsall, the character first appeared on screen during the episode airing on 30 November 1998 and is still a cast member over 25 years later. Tyrone's storylines have been focused on his relationships with Maria Sutherland (Samia Ghadie) and Fiz Brown (Jennie McAlpine) as well as his doomed marriage to Molly Compton (Vicky Binns) and suffering domestic violence at the hands of his fiancée Kirsty Soames (Natalie Gumede). In 2018, following the death of his mother Jackie (Margi Clarke), Tyrone discovers that Jackie was not his biological mother and while searching for his birth parents, meets his maternal grandmother, Evelyn Plummer (Maureen Lipman).

Molly Dobbs
Molly Dobbs (also Compton) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Played by Vicky Binns, she debuted on 5 September 2005. Introduced as the daughter of a local baker, she is the love interest and later wife of Tyrone Dobbs. On 6 May 2010, Binns announced she was quitting the soap. Molly was killed off on 9 December 2010 in a live episode celebrating the show's 50th anniversary, by a tram crashing into the corner shop.
Peroxyacetyl nitrate
Peroxyacetyl nitrate is a peroxyacyl nitrate. It is a secondary pollutant present in photochemical smog and PAN concentrations can be sensitive to precursor emissions. It is thermally unstable and decomposes into peroxyethanoyl radicals and nitrogen dioxide gas. It is a lachrymatory substance, meaning that it irritates the lungs and eyes.

Peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN, is an oxidant that is more stable than ozone. Hence, it is more capable of long-range transport than ozone. It serves as a carrier for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) into rural regions and causes ozone formation in the global troposphere.

Peroxyacyl nitrates
In organic chemistry, peroxyacyl nitrates (also known as Acyl peroxy nitrates, APN or PANs) are powerful respiratory and eye irritants present in photochemical smog. They are nitrates produced in the thermal equilibrium between organic peroxy radicals by the gas-phase oxidation of a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Another way to produce PANs is by aldehydes and other oxygenated VOCs oxidizing in the presence of NO2.

They are good markers for the source of VOCs as either biogenic or anthropogenic, which is useful in the study of global and local effects of pollutants.
Oskar (wrestler)
Oskar Münchow (born 14 July 1998) is a German professional wrestler. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he performs mononymously as Oskar (stylized in all caps and shortened from his previous ring name Oskar Leube) and is a member of Unbound Co.. He is one half of the current IWGP Tag Team Champions with Yuto-Ice as the Knock Out Brothers in their first reign. He has also competed for the German promotion Westside Xtreme Wrestling where he is a former wXw Academy Trophy Champion.

Knock Out Brothers
Knock Out Brothers (K.O.B.) are a professional wrestling tag team consisting of Oskar and Yuto-Ice. They are signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where they are the IWGP Tag Team Champions in their first reign, and also members of Unbound Co..
County of Nairn
The County of Nairn, or Nairnshire, (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Narann) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. The county was named after Nairn, its only town. The county was used for local government until 1975 when the area was redesignated as the Nairn District, one of the eight districts of the two-tier Highland region. Nairn district was abolished in 1996 when Highland became a single-tier council area.

The county borders Inverness-shire to the west and south, Moray to the east, and has a coastline along the Moray Firth to its north.

County of Moray
The County of Moray, (Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh [ˈmɤɾʲəv]) or Morayshire, called Elginshire until 1919, is a historic county in Scotland. The county town was Elgin. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975. Since 1996 most of the historic county's area has been included in the Moray council area. The historic county boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county. There is also a Moray lieutenancy area, covering a slightly smaller area than the historic county. The historic county borders Nairnshire to the west, Inverness-shire to the south, and Banffshire to the east, and has a coast onto the Moray Firth to the north.
Sri Lanka Armed Forces
The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The three services have around 346,700 active personnel; conscription has never been imposed in Sri Lanka. As of 2021 it is the 14th largest military in the world, with 1.46% of the Sri Lankan population actively serving.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Theo van Gogh (film director)
Theodoor "Theo" van Gogh (Dutch: [ˈteːjoː vɑŋ ˈɣɔx]; 23 July 1957 – 2 November 2004) was a Dutch film director. He directed Submission: Part 1, a short film written by Somali writer and politician Ayaan Hirsi Ali, which criticised the treatment of women in Islam in strong terms. On 2 November 2004, he was murdered by Mohammed Bouyeri, a Dutch-Moroccan Islamist who objected to the film's message. The last film Van Gogh had completed before his murder, 06/05, was a fictional exploration of the assassination of Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn. It was released posthumously in December 2004, a month after Van Gogh's death, and two years after Fortuyn's death.

Submission (2004 film)
Submission is a 2004 English-language Dutch short drama film produced and directed by Theo van Gogh, and written by Ayaan Hirsi Ali (a former member of the Dutch House of Representatives for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy); it was shown on NPO 3, a Dutch public broadcasting network, on 29 August 2004. The film's title is one of the possible translations of the Arabic word "Islam". An Islamist reacted to the film by assassinating Van Gogh.
SK Group
SK Group (Korean: SK그룹; 에스케이그룹) is a South Korean multinational manufacturing and services conglomerate headquartered in Seoul. A chaebol (Korean family-owned conglomerate), SK Group is the second largest such conglomerate by revenue in South Korea, after Samsung Group. Through a number of subsidiaries, it is engaged in various businesses, including manufacture of AI semiconductors, flash memory, deep tech investment and miscellaneous information technology, chemicals and petrochemicals, as well as providing telecommunications services worldwide among its other less notable ventures.

The conglomerate is composed of 186 subsidiaries and affiliates that share the SK brand name and the group's management culture, named SKMS (SK Management System). It changed its name from Sunkyong Group (선경그룹; 鮮京그룹) to SK Group in 1998. The group is controlled by estate of Chey Tae-won through a holding company, SK Inc. The cornerstone of SK Group is its energy and chemicals division.

SK Inc.
SK Inc. (Korean: 에스케이 주식회사) is the holding company of South Korea's SK Group and is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company is divided into Investment Division and Business Division. The Investment Division operates as a holding company engaged in petroleum, telecommunications, wholesale and retail, chemicals, semiconductors, biotechnology, and other industries. It holds the SK Group's major subsidiaries, including SK Innovation, SK Telecom, SKC, SK Networks, SK Materials, and SK Biopharmaceutical. The Business Division, SK Inc. C&C, provides system integration, software design and development, information processing, and consulting services.
Andrée Jacob
Andrée Jacob (22 July 1906 - 6 February 2002) was a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War. Initially working in publishing, she played an active part in the French Resistance during the Second World War. Post war she became a journalist for the newspaper Le Monde, and worked to preserve Parisian cultural heritage. She was the partner of fellow Resistance member Éveline Garnier and the cousin of the artist Max Jacob.

Éveline Garnier
Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier (6 May 1904 - 22 October 1989) was a significant figure in the Noyautage des administrations publiques, which aimed at infiltrating the French collaborationalist Vichy Government during the Second World War. She used her job as a librarian as cover for her work in the French Resistance alongside her partner Andrée Jacob, Henri Frenay and Claude Bourdet.
Nesiotites
Nesiotites is an extinct genus of large red-toothed shrews belonging to the tribe Nectogalini that inhabited the Balearic Islands from the latest Miocene/Early Pliocene (from around 5.3 million years ago) up until the arrival of humans on the islands during the late Holocene (around 2500-2300 BC). It was present on Mallorca and Menorca. It represented one of only 3 native land mammals to the islands at the time of human arrival, alongside the dwarf goat-antelope Myotragus and the giant dormouse Hypnomys. The genus is closely related to the also recently extinct Corsican-Sardinian shrews belonging to the genus Asoriculus, with their closest living relatives being the Himalayan shrews of the genus Soriculus.

Asoriculus
Asoriculus is an extinct genus of terrestrial shrews in the subfamily Soricinae (red-toothed shrews) and tribe Nectogalini, native to Europe (including the islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily) West Asia and North Africa, from the Late Miocene (from around 6 million years ago) until the late Holocene (likely the late 1st millennium BC). The genus is closely related and probably ancestral to the also recently-extinct Balearic shrews (Nesiotites), with their closest living relative being the Soriculus shrews native to the Himalayas and surrounding areas.
Palakkad Junction railway station
Palakkad Junction (formerly Olavakkode Junction) (station code: PGT) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is one of the largest railway stations in Kerala, India, situated in the city of Palakkad. Palakkad Junction was declared the cleanest railway station in the state of Kerala as per a Swachh Bharat Missionsurvey in 2016. Palakkad Junction serves as the major railway hub for the city of Palakkad, while the secondary hub is Palakkad Town railway station.

Palakkad Town railway station
Palakkad Town railway station (station code: PGTN) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station that serves city of Palakkad, Kerala and falls under the Palakkad railway division of the Southern Railway zone, Indian Railways. City is served by two railway stations, Palakkad Junction railway station and Palakkad Town railway station.
Kenny Friedkin
Kenneth Giles Friedkin (September 1, 1915 – March 16, 1962) was an American aviator and businessman. He founded Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA), generally viewed as the original low-cost airline. PSA was the acknowledged inspiration for Southwest Airlines, which in turn inspired low-cost airlines globally. Friedkin is therefore a key figure in the advent of low-cost air travel. In 2001, Forbes referred to Friedkin as "an early-model Herb Kelleher." Friedkin's son and grandson went on to even greater business success outside of aviation.

Dan Friedkin
Thomas Dan Friedkin (born February 27, 1965) is an American businessman. He is the chairman and CEO of The Friedkin Group. The Friedkin Group is a privately held consortium of businesses and investments in the automotive, luxury hospitality, sports and entertainment industries.

He is also the owner and chairman of Serie A club Roma and Premier League club Everton. As of January 2026, his estimated net worth is US$9.4 billion.
Poisson manifold
In differential geometry, a field in mathematics, a Poisson manifold is a smooth manifold endowed with a Poisson structure. The notion of Poisson manifold generalises that of symplectic manifold, which in turn generalises the phase space from Hamiltonian mechanics.

A Poisson structure (or Poisson bracket) on a smooth manifold  is a functionon the vector space  of smooth functions on , making it into a Lie algebra subject to a Leibniz rule (also known as a Poisson algebra).

Poisson structures on manifolds were introduced by André Lichnerowicz in 1977 and are named after the French mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson, due to their early appearance in his works on analytical mechanics.

Poisson geometry can be regarded as a combination of foliation theory, symplectic geometry, and Lie theory. A Poisson manifold foliates. Each leaf of the foliation has a symplectic structure. The leaves are connected transversely through Lie geometry.

Symplectic manifold
In differential geometry, a symplectic manifold is a smooth manifold, , equipped with a closed nondegenerate differential 2-form , called the symplectic form. The study of symplectic manifolds is called symplectic geometry or symplectic topology. Symplectic manifolds arise naturally in abstract formulations of classical mechanics and analytical mechanics as the cotangent bundles of manifolds. For example, in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics, which provides one of the major motivations for the field, the set of all possible configurations of a system is modeled as a manifold, and this manifold's cotangent bundle describes the phase space of the system.
Matilda Hunter
Matilda Hunter  is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away, played by Indiana Evans. She made her first on-screen appearance on 21 January 2004. Matilda is the daughter of Beth and Jack Hunter and sister to Scott, Kit, Robbie and Henry. Matilda departed on 24 July 2008 to go to university.

Beth Hunter
Elizabeth Ann Hunter (also Walters and Sutherland) is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away, played by Clarissa House. She made her first on-screen appearance on 17 April 2003 and departed on 30 January 2007. The character died from injuries sustained in a car crash on 23 April 2007.
Church Street, Wrexham
Church Street (Welsh: Stryt yr Eglwys) is a street in Wrexham city centre, North Wales. The street leads to St Giles' Church, and contains the Grade II listed Nos. 3–4 and the Grade II* listed Nos. 7–10, as well as the church gates of St Giles'. These gates form the entrance to the church's grounds, as well as a junction with Temple Row.

Temple Row, Wrexham
Temple Row (Welsh: Rhes y Deml) is an historic street in Wrexham city centre, North Wales. It goes along the border of the churchyard of St Giles' Church. The street contains the listed No. 6 and part of the listed churchgates of St Giles. On St Giles' eastern side, it is parallel with Yorke Street where it was bounded by residences which were demolished in 1967.
Euler function
In mathematics, the Euler function is given by

Named after Leonhard Euler, it is a model example of a q-series and provides the prototypical example of a relation between combinatorics and complex analysis.

Q-Pochhammer symbol
In the mathematical field of combinatorics, the q-Pochhammer symbol, also called the q-shifted factorial, is the product

with 
It is a q-analog of the Pochhammer symbol , in the sense that

The q-Pochhammer symbol is a major building block in the construction of q-analogs; for instance, in the theory of basic hypergeometric series, it plays the role that the ordinary Pochhammer symbol plays in the theory of generalized hypergeometric series.

Unlike the ordinary Pochhammer symbol, the q-Pochhammer symbol can be extended to an infinite product:

This is an analytic function of q in the interior of the unit disk, and can also be considered as a formal power series in q.  The special case

is known as Euler's function, and is important in combinatorics, number theory, and the theory of modular forms.