hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Goode (colonial administrator)
Sir William Allmond Codrington Goode GCMG KStJ (8 June 1907 – 15 September 1986) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor of Singapore from 1957 to 1959, Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore in 1959, and Governor of North Borneo from 1960 to 1963.

Yang di-Pertuan Negara
Yang di-Pertuan Negara (English: (he) who is Lord of the State) is a title for the head of state in certain Malay-speaking countries, and has been used as an official title at various times in Brunei and Singapore.
Philip Noel
Philip William Noel (born June 6, 1931) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 68th Governor of Rhode Island. He was elected in 1972, and re-elected in 1974.

Since the death of Edward D. DiPrete in 2025, he is the last surviving governor of Rhode Island to have served in the 20th century.

Joyce Anne Noel
Joyce Anne Noel (November 28, 1932 – February 13, 2019) was an American former beauty queen who served as the First Lady of Rhode Island from 1973 to 1977. Noel, then known by her maiden name of Joyce Sandberg, was crowned Miss Rhode Island in 1953 and Miss Rhode Island USA in 1954, becoming the only woman win both state pageants to date. She later served as Rhode Island's first lady during the tenure of her husband, former Governor Philip Noel.
Edward Bradley (writer)
Edward Bradley (25 March 1827 – 12 December 1889) was an English clergyman and novelist. He was born in Kidderminster in Worcestershire, and educated at Durham University from which he took his pen name Cuthbert Bede. His most popular book was The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green, on the experiences of an Oxford undergraduate. There was a sequel, Little Mr Bouncer and his friend Verdant Green. Tales of College Life (often bound with it), introduces the character of Mr Affable Canary. The celebrated illustrations to the Verdant Green books were the work of the author.

The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green
The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green is a novel by Cuthbert Bede, a pen name of Edward Bradley (1827–1889). It covers the exploits of Verdant Green, a first-year student at Oxford University. Green is an undergraduate at the fictional Brazenface College.

Different editions have varying titles, including Mr Verdant Green: Adventures of an Oxford Freshman. The same characters reappear in a sequel entitled Little Mr Bouncer and his friend Verdant Green.
Chinese lantern structure
In chemistry, the Chinese lantern structure is a coordination complex where two metal atoms are bridged by four bidentate ligands. This structure type is also known as a paddlewheel complex. Examples include chromium(II) acetate, molybdenum(II) acetate, and rhodium(II) acetate, copper(II) acetate dihydrate. The name is derived from the resemblance between the structure and a Chinese paper lantern.  Often additional ligands are bound to the metal centers along the M---M vector.  The degree of metal-metal bonding varies according to the d-electron configuration.

Rhodium(II) acetate
Rhodium(II) acetate  is the coordination compound with the formula Rh2(AcO)4, where AcO− is the acetate ion (CH3CO−2). This dark green powder is slightly soluble in polar solvents, including water. It is used as a catalyst for cyclopropanation of alkenes. It is a widely studied example of a transition metal carboxylate complex.
Leo Stein (writer)
Leo Stein, born Leo Rosenstein (25 March 1861, Lemberg – 28 July 1921, Vienna, Austria) was a playwright and librettist of operettas in the latter part of the 19th and early 20th centuries, including works adapted for a number of Broadway productions.

Stein wrote libretti for Johann Strauss Jr, Franz Lehár, Emmerich Kálmán, and Oskar Nedbal. His collaboration with  Viktor Léon contributed much to Lehár's success.

A selection of his works includes Wiener Blut (1899), Die lustige Witwe (1905), Der Graf von Luxemburg (1909) and Die Csárdásfürstin (1915).

Stein is buried at the Vienna Zentralfriedhof.

Die Csárdásfürstin
Die Csárdásfürstin (German pronunciation: [diː ˈtʃaʁdaʃ-] or [ˈtʃaʁdas.fʏʁstɪn]; The Csárdás Princess; translated into English as The Riviera Girl and The Gipsy Princess) is an operetta in three acts by Hungarian composer Emmerich Kálmán, with libretto by Leo Stein and Bela Jenbach. It premiered in Vienna at the Johann Strauss Theater on 17 November 1915. Numerous film versions and recordings have been made. The operetta is widely beloved across Europe, particularly in Hungary, Austria, Germany, and the former Soviet Union, where it was adapted into a popular film. It is arguably Kálmán's most successful work.
Bonnier Corporation
Bonnier LLC (formerly Bonnier Corporation) is an American "outdoor adventure" company that originally operated numerous U.S.-based media brands but struggled in the magazine publishing industry, leading to the decline or closure of several well-known titles. Formed in 2007 after the Bonnier Group's acquisition of publishing assets from Time, today it operates events within the vertical of outdoor recreation.

Motor Trend Group
Motor Trend Group, LLC (formerly known as Source Interlink Media and TEN: The Enthusiast Network) is a media company that specializes in enthusiast brands, such as Motor Trend and Hot Rod. Headquartered in El Segundo, California, it was a subsidiary of the TNT Sports division of Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD) until being sold to Hearst Communications in 2024.
Lia
Lia is a feminine given name. In the Spanish-speaking world, it is accented Lía. In English-speaking countries, the name may be a variant of Leah or Lea. Lia may be a diminutive of various names including Julia, Cecilia, Amelia, Talia, Cornelia, Ophelia, Rosalia / Roselia, Natalia, Aurelia, Adalia / Adelia, Ailia, Apulia, Alia / Aleah. In Hebrew, the name means to me, God and is also the Israeli version of the English pronunciation of Leah or Lea. It can also be a surname.

Leah (given name)
Leah is a feminine given name of Hebrew origin. Its meaning is often deciphered as "delicate" or "weary". The name can be traced back to the Biblical matriarch Leah, one of the two wives of Jacob. This name may derive from Hebrew: לֵאָה, romanized: lē’ah, presumably cognate with Akkadian 𒀖 littu, meaning 'wild cow', from Proto-Semitic *layʾ-at- ~ laʾay-at- 'cow'.

The name "Leah" also refers to the Old English word léah meaning "meadow". The word is a common component in Anglo-Saxon place names and can denote forests, clearings and fields.
Protein G
Protein G is an immunoglobulin-binding protein expressed in group C and G streptococcal bacteria much like protein A but with differing binding specificities. It is a ~60-kDA (65 kDA for strain G148 and 58 kDa for strain C40) cell surface protein that has found application in purifying antibodies through its binding to the Fab and Fc region. The native molecule also binds albumin, but because serum albumin is a major contaminant of antibody sources, the albumin binding site has been removed from recombinant forms of protein G. This recombinant protein G, either labeled with a fluorophore or a single-stranded DNA strand, was used as a replacement for secondary antibodies in immunofluorescence and super-resolution imaging.

Protein A
Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation is controlled by DNA topology, cellular osmolarity, and a two-component system called ArlS-ArlR. It has found use in biochemical research because of its ability to bind immunoglobulins. It is composed of five homologous Ig-binding domains that fold into a three-helix bundle. Each domain is able to bind proteins from many mammalian species, most notably IgGs. It binds the heavy chain within the Fc region of most immunoglobulins and also within the Fab region in the case of the human VH3 family. Through these interactions in serum,  where IgG molecules are bound in the wrong orientation (in relation to normal antibody function), the bacteria disrupts opsonization and phagocytosis.
Aru Islands Regency
The Aru Islands Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru) is a group of about 95 low-lying islands in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia. It also forms a regency of Maluku Province, with a land area of 6,426.77 km2 (2,481.39 sq mi). At the 2011 Census the Regency had a population of 84,138; the 2020 Census produced a total of 102,237, and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 112,531 (comprising 57,767 males and 54,764 females). Some sources regard the archipelago as part of Asia, while others regard it as part of Melanesia.

Tanahbesar
Tanahbesar (or Wokam) is one of the four main islands in the Aru Islands Regency in the Arafura Sea. Its area is 1604 km².
It is situated in the Maluku Province, Indonesia. 
The other main islands in the archipelago are Kobroor, Kola, Maikoor, Koba and Trangan.
Mumbai FC
Mumbai Football Club was an Indian professional football club based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The club predominantly competed in I-League, then top flight of Indian football league system. Mumbai also participated in MDFA Elite League, now known as Mumbai Premier League. The club was founded in 2007, with the objective of providing a platform for the young aspiring footballers from the city to showcase their talent and to try to make it to the big stage. They were nicknamed both "Mumbaikars," and "Yellow Brigade."

The club gained promotion to the I-League after winning the 2008 I-League 2nd Division, and finished 7th in their maiden I-League campaign in 2008–09 season. Mumbai FC has a local rivalry with another Mumbai-based club Air India and state rivalry with Pune dubbed as the 'Maha' derby as both clubs play in the state of Maharashtra. The club became defunct by 2019.

2008 I-League 2nd Division
The draw of the preliminary groups of the inaugural 2008 I-League 2nd Division was carried out at Football House, Dwarka on 25 February 2008. The 12 participating teams have been drawn into two groups of six teams each to be played in Balewadi Sports Complex Pune and Rajarshi Shahu Stadium Kolhapur. The final round was played in Guwahati, Assam.

The top four teams in the I-League 2nd Division qualified for the I-League (2008–09), while the rest will be remain to I League Division 2 in the next season. Mumbai were the champions of the inaugural I-League 2nd Division.

The AIFF had selected Pune and Kolhapur as preliminary round venues to take the game to different cities.
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from medicinal plants, animals, fungi, and other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources".

Crude drug
Crude drugs are drugs of plant, animal and microbial origin that contain natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying. The term natural substances refers to those substances found in nature that have not had man-made changes made in their molecular structure. They are used as medicine for humans and animals, internally and externally for curing diseases, e.g., Senna and Cinchona.

A crude drug is any naturally occurring, unrefined substance derived from organic or inorganic sources such as plant, animal, bacteria, organs or whole organisms intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in humans or other animals.
Devil's Peak, Hong Kong
Devil's Peak (Chinese: 魔鬼山 | 炮台山) is a peak in Sai Kung District, Hong Kong. The communities of Tiu Keng Leng, Lei Yue Mun and Yau Tong surround this peak.

It was designated as a Grade II historic building in December 2009 and is currently located on unallocated government land under the jurisdiction of the Lands Department. This military installation is mainly composed of the fortress, Gough Fort and Pottinger Fort, which serve as the east coast design headquarters. Devil's Hill faces the narrow Lei Yue Mun Channel, where you can watch the ships coming from the east of Victoria Harbour. After the British leased the New Territories in 1898, they selected Devil's Hill to build military defense facilities and made it an important military stronghold.

The area around the peak was garrisoned by the British Army in the 20th century and prior to that, by local pirates in the 19th century to control the passage of Lei Yue Mun, an important nautical passage that leads to Victoria Harbour.

Lei Yue Mun
Lei Yue Mun is a short channel in Hong Kong. It lies between Junk Bay and Victoria Harbour, separating Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. The channel is an important passage for the city, forming the eastern entrance of Victoria Harbour.

The lands around the channel are also called Lei Yue Mun. On Kowloon side, it is famous for its seafood market and restaurants in the fishing villages. On the Hong Kong Island side, it has former military defence facilities.
Fuya Maeno
Fuya Maeno (前野 風哉, Maeno Fuya; born 8 July 1996) is a Japanese artistic gymnast. Born in Chiba, Japan, he graduated from National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya and later join Central Sports gymnastic club. Maeno was part of Japan men's national gymnastics team that won the silver at 2018 Asian Games.

Japan men's national gymnastics team
The Japan men's national artistic gymnastics team is a sport group governed by Japan Gymnastics Association and represents Japan in international gymnastics competitions and multi-sports events. Followed the establishment of All Japan Gymnastics Federation in 1930, the team first appeared at the 1932 Summer Olympics and gradually became the major force till this day. For nearly two decades, from 1960 to 1978, Japanese men was dominant and won every gold medal at the Olympics and World Championships.
Panoramic coach (Indonesia)
Panoramic train is a large-glass sunroof passenger train which is a modification of the executive train by the Surabaya Gubeng in 2022. The Panoramic train service is operated by PT Kereta Api Indonesia and its subsidiary, KAI Wisata. Currently, panoramic train used by the Argo Wilis-Turangga (Bandung-Surabaya Gubeng), Parahyangan (Gambir-Bandung), Papandayan (Gambir-Garut), and Pangandaran (Gambir-Banjar).

Argo Wilis
Argo Wilis is an executive and panoramic class train operated by PT Kereta Api Indonesia between Surabaya and Bandung in Java, Indonesia. The train covers 696 kilometres (432 mi) in 9 hours and 43 minutes with stoppage at Cipeundeuy, Tasikmalaya, Banjar, Kroya, Kutoarjo, Yogyakarta, Solo Balapan, Madiun, Kertosono, Jombang, and Mojokerto. This train runs in the morning from Bandung to Surabaya Gubeng or vice versa, and arrives at the destination at evening/night. In the journey Bandung to Surabaya, passengers can enjoy the beautiful panorama of the eastern part of Parahyangan mountainous region.
Gran Municipality
Granⓘ is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hadeland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Jaren. Other villages in Gran include Bjoneroa, Brandbu, Egge, Gran, and Ringstad.

The 756.65-square-kilometre (292.14 sq mi) municipality is the 148th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gran Municipality is the 89th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,660. The municipality's population density is 18.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (47/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.1% over the previous 10-year period.

Gran (village)
Gran is a village in Gran Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the north of the capital city of Oslo. The small village of Ringstad lies about 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) to the northeast and the villages of Jaren and Brandbu lie about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest.

Gran and its neighboring village of Ringstad have grown together through conurbation and Statistics Norway has considered them as one, single urban settlement for many years. The 1.45-square-kilometre (360-acre) village of Gran/Ringstad has a population (2024) of 1,698 and a population density of 1,171 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,030/sq mi).

The Norwegian National Road 4 and the Gjøvikbanen railway line both run through the village. Ål Church is located in the village.
Mio Dam
Mio Dam is a hydroelectric dam located on the Au Sable River in Michigan capable of generating 4.96 MW of electric power.  It was the 4th of 6 dams built by Consumers Power between 1906 and 1924 along the Au Sable River and is the furthest upstream of the six.  The dam was completed in 1916.  The Mio Hydroelectric Plant consists of an embankment on each side connected by a spillway. Located North of the spillway is the powerhouse and outdoor substation. Public access to Mio Pond is provided via a boat ramp maintained by Consumers Energy, and portage facilities are also provided allowing canoes and kayaks access to bypass the dam. Portage the dam on the right using the cement stairs then carry down a gravel road with a canoe slide on the down river side of the dam.

Au Sable River (Michigan)
The Au Sable River (/ɔː ˈsɑːbəl/ aw SAH-bəl) is a 138-mile-long (222 km) river in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Rising in the Northern Lower Peninsula, the river flows in a generally southeasterly direction to its mouth at Lake Huron at the communities of Au Sable and Oscoda. Like the nearby Manistee River, it is regarded as a premier brown trout fishery east of the Rockies and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources has designated it a blue ribbon trout stream. A map from 1795 located in the United States Gazetteer calls it the Beauais River.  In French, the river is called the Rivière au sable, literally "Sand River".
Llwynhendy
Llwynhendy (sometimes spelled Llwyn-Hendy), is a village and ward near the town of Llanelli in Carmarthenshire, Wales. The ward, which includes the village, as well as Cefncaeau, parts of Cwmcarnhywel and parts of Bryn and Penceilogi, had a population of 4,276.

It is bordered by Bynea, Cwmcarnhywel, Cefncaeau and Pen-y-graig. It is an old village with strong industrial roots. The (now closed) steel-works in nearby Bynea was a major employer until the decline of the steel industry. The village is 50 ft above sea level and is based around the Nant Caerhuan that finds its source in nearby Gelli Farm, Bryn, Llanelli.
The nearby Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust site in the old Penclacwydd farm near the village is the only wetland wildlife trust centre in the whole of Wales.

Llanelli
Llanelli (Welsh for 'St Elli's Parish'; Welsh: [ɬaˈnɛɬi] ⓘ) is a market town and community in Carmarthenshire and the preserved county of Dyfed, Wales. It is on the estuary of the River Loughor and is the largest town in the county of Carmarthenshire.

The town is 11 miles (18 km) north-west of Swansea and 12 miles (19 km) south-east of Carmarthen. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 25,366, and the built up area had a population of 42,155. The local authority was Llanelli Borough Council when the county of Dyfed existed, and it has been under Carmarthenshire County Council since 1996.
Château Gazin
Château Gazin is a Bordeaux wine from the appellation Pomerol. The winery is located on the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the commune of Pomerol in the department Gironde. As all wine produced in this appellation, Château Gazin is unclassified, but the estate has since the 1840s been estimated among the great growths of Pomerol.

Situated on the Pomerol plateau, Château Gazin lies adjacent to Château Pétrus and in close proximity to estates such as Château L’Évangile, Château La Conseillante and Vieux Château Certan.

The château also produces a second wine named l'Hospitalet de Gazin.

Château Pétrus
44°55′51″N 0°11′34″W﻿ / ﻿44.93073°N 0.19285°W﻿ / 44.93073; -0.19285

Petrus (formerly known as Château Pétrus) is a Bordeaux, France, wine estate located in the Pomerol appellation near its eastern border to Saint-Émilion. A small estate of just 11.4 hectares (28 acres), it produces a red wine entirely from Merlot grapes (since the end of 2010), and produces no second wine. The estate belongs to Jean-François Moueix and his children.

Although the wines of Pomerol have never been classified, Petrus is widely regarded as the outstanding wine of the appellation. Petrus leads a duo of Pomerol estates in extreme prices, along with Le Pin, that rank consistently among the world's most expensive wines. A 750 ml bottle of Petrus wine is priced at an average of $4,112.
Sholom Secunda
Sholom Secunda (Yiddish: שלום סעקונדאַ, 4 September [O.S. 23 August] 1894, Alexandria, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire – 13 June 1974, New York) was an American composer of Ukrainian-Jewish descent, best known for the tunes of "Bei Mir Bistu Shein" and "Donna Donna".

Dona, Dona
"Dona Dona", popularly known as "Donna, Donna", is a song about a calf being led to slaughter, written by Sholom Secunda and Aaron Zeitlin. Originally a Yiddish language song "Dana Dana" (in Yiddish דאַנאַ דאַנאַ), also known as "Dos Kelbl" (in Yiddish דאָס קעלבל, meaning The Calf), it was a song used in a Yiddish play produced by Zeitlin.
Ahidnâme
An Ahdname, achtiname, ahidnâme or athname (meaning the "Bill of Oath") is a type of Ottoman charter commonly referred to as a capitulation. During the early modern period, the Ottoman Empire called it an Ahidname-i-Humayun or an imperial pledge and the Ahdname functioned as an official agreement between the Empire and various European states.

Capitulation (treaty)
A capitulation is a treaty or unilateral contract by which a sovereign state relinquishes jurisdiction within its borders over the subjects of a foreign state. As a result, the foreign subjects are immune, for most civil and criminal purposes, from actions by courts and other governmental institutions in the state that makes the capitulation.

The term capitulation is derived from the Latin word caput.
Squash (sport)
Squash, sometimes called squash rackets, is a racket sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles) in a four-walled court with a small, hollow, rubber ball. The players alternate striking the ball with their rackets, directing it onto the playable surfaces of the four walls of the court. The object of the game is to hit the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. There are about 20 million people who play squash regularly worldwide in over 185 countries. The governing body of squash, World Squash, is recognized by the International Olympic Committee, and the sport will be included in the Olympic Games, starting in the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The Professional Squash Association (PSA) organizes the pro tour.

Professional Squash Association
The Professional Squash Association, or simply the PSA, is the governing body for the men's and women's professional squash circuit. The body operates in a similar fashion to the ATP and the WTA for tennis. The PSA's highest professional level, the PSA Squash Tour involves over 250 tournaments annually around the world. Over 1,200 players from five continents and more than 60 countries are registered with the PSA. Rankings are updated weekly based on performances.