hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)
The Waziristan campaign 1936–1939 comprised a number of operations conducted in Waziristan by the British Indian Army against the fiercely independent tribesmen that inhabited this region. These operations were conducted in 1936–1939, when operations were undertaken against followers of a tribal chief and adversary to the British Raj Mirzali Khan, also known by the British as the "Faqir of Ipi", a religious and political agitator who was spreading anti-British sentiment in the region and undermining the prestige of the Indian government in Waziristan at the time.

Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)
The Waziristan campaign 1919–1920 was a military campaign conducted in Waziristan by the British Indian Army against the fiercely independent tribesmen that inhabited this region. These operations were conducted in 1919–1920, following the unrest that arose in the aftermath of the Third Anglo-Afghan War.
Tula people
The Tula were a Native American group that lived in what is now western Arkansas. The Tula are known to history only from the chronicles of Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto's exploits in the interior of North America.

Caddo
The Caddo people (Caddo language: Hasí꞉nay) comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They formerly spoke the Caddo language.

The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, western Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory.
Wheat beer
Wheat beer is a top-fermented beer which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley. The two main varieties are German Weizenbier and Belgian witbier; other types include Lambic (made with wild yeast), Berliner Weisse (a cloudy, sour beer), and Gose (a sour, salty beer).

Berliner Weisse
Berliner Weisse (German: Berliner Weiße, pronounced [bɛʁˌliːnɐ ˈvaɪsə] ⓘ; "Berlin White") is a cloudy, sour ale of around 3.5% alcohol by volume. It is a regional variation of the wheat beer style from Northern Germany, dating back to at least the 16th century. It can be made from combinations of malted barley and wheat, with the stipulation that the malts are kilned at very low temperatures or even air-dried to minimise colour formation. The fermentation takes place with a mixture of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Brettanomyces) and lactic acid bacteria, a prerequisite that creates the lactic acid taste, a distinguishing feature of Berliner Weisse.

By the late 19th century, Berliner Weisse was the most popular alcoholic drink in Berlin, with up to fifty breweries producing it. By the late 20th century, there were only two breweries left in Berlin producing the beer.
Bury Golf Club
Bury Golf Club, is a private golf course and club in Unsworth, Bury, designed by Alister MacKenzie, Charles Hugh Alison, and Harry Shapland Colt. The club was originally located at a course in Redvales, Bury, before moving to its current Unsworth location in 1922. The current course is eighteen-holes in length, and sits east of the clubhouse at Unsworth Hall. Notable players include Harry Vardon, Henry James, Sandy Herd, and Alister MacKenzie.

Harry Vardon
Henry William Vardon (9 May 1870 – 20 March 1937) was a professional golfer from Jersey. He was a member of the Great Triumvirate with John Henry Taylor and James Braid. Vardon won The Open Championship a record six times, and also won the 1900 U.S. Open. Known as "the Stylist," Vardon's success, as well as his contributions to technique and the sport's fashion, made him golf's first international star and significantly elevated the prestige of the professional golfer. With his total of seven, Vardon holds the most major championships of any golfer from the British Isles.
3ChordFold
3ChordFold is the debut studio album by American producer Terrace Martin. The album was released on August 13, 2013, by AKAI Music and Empire Distribution. The album features guest appearances from Ab-Soul, Kendrick Lamar, Problem, Musiq Soulchild, Robert Glasper, James Fauntleroy, Focus..., Wiz Khalifa, Brevi, Ty Dolla Sign, Snoop Dogg, Lalah Hathaway, Tiffany Gouché, and Punch, who also executive produced the album.

Punch (rapper)
Terrence Louis Henderson Jr., better known by his stage name Punch, is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive and talent manager known for being the president of independent record label Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE) and managing singer-songwriter SZA. He has also executive produced several successful albums, including Kendrick Lamar's Section.80 (2011), Schoolboy Q's Habits & Contradictions (2012), Terrace Martin's 3ChordFold (2013), and more. Aside from his solo musical career, Punch is a member of hip hop collective A Room Full of Mirrors, alongside fellow rappers Daylyt, Nick Grant, The Ichiban Don, Lyric Michelle, Hari, and more.
21st Coast Artillery (United States)
The 21st Coast Artillery Regiment was a regiment of the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. It was the regular army component of the Harbor Defenses of the Delaware in World War II. The 21st CA (Harbor Defense) (HD) Regiment was active from February 1940 until broken up in October 1944 as part of an Army-wide reorganization.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
The U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps (CAC) was an administrative corps responsible for coastal, harbor, and anti-aircraft defense of the United States and its possessions between 1901 and 1950. The CAC also operated heavy and railway artillery during World War I.
Action Party (Italy)
The Action Party (Italian: Partito d'Azione, PdA) was a liberal-socialist political party in Italy. The party was anti-fascist and republican. Its prominent leaders were Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Emilio Lussu and Ugo La Malfa. Other prominent members included Leone Ginzburg, Ernesto de Martino, Norberto Bobbio, Riccardo Lombardi, Vittorio Foa and the Nobel-winning poet Eugenio Montale.

National Liberation Committee
The National Liberation Committee (Italian: Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, CLN) was a political umbrella organization and the main representative of the Italian resistance movement fighting against the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationist forces of the Italian Social Republic during the German occupation of Italy in the aftermath of the armistice of Cassibile, while simultaneously fighting against Italian fascists during the Italian Civil War. It coordinated and directed the Italian resistance and was subdivided into the Central Committee for National Liberation (CCLN), which was based in Rome, and the later National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy (CLNAI), which was based in Milan. The CNL was a multi-party entity, whose members were united by their anti-fascism.
Aquatic Hall of Fame and Museum of Canada
The Canadian Aquatic Hall of Fame (formerly the Aquatic Hall of Fame and Museum of Canada, AHFMC) is a museum dedicated to water sports in Canada—namely swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, and water polo—and is located at the Pan Am Pool in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

As the oldest incorporated sports museum in Canada, it is home to the National Archives for Aquatic Sports and has an extensive collection of swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo memorabilia and art. It recognizes athletes and coaches who have competed in the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, Pan-American Games, and World championships as well as important supporters.

The Museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, Canadian Heritage Information Network, and Virtual Museum of Canada, as well as being a member of the International Sports Heritage Association.

Pan Am Pool
The Pan Am Pool is an indoor swimming facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada built for the 1967 Pan American Games. It is located in southwest Winnipeg and consists of three pools: two are used for competitive swimming and one is a children's "kiddie pool".
Dead Lovers' Sarabande (Face One)
Dead Lovers' Sarabande (Face One) is the fourth album by darkwave band Sopor Aeternus & the Ensemble of Shadows, and was released in 1999. It is the first concept album by the band, and the first of a two-album suite detailing the mourning of a lover who has recently passed. (Face One) was also the first Sopor Aeternus album to be released in multiple formats, including a double vinyl edition and an A5-sized boxed set edition; both were limited pressings, of 500 and 3,000 copies, respectively. It was also the first to be promoted with an accompanying video.

Sopor Aeternus and The Ensemble of Shadows
Sopor Aeternus & the Ensemble of Shadows (Latin: sopor aeternus "eternal slumber"; also referred to or stylized as Sopor Aeternus or Sopor) is a neoclassical dark wave musical project based in Frankfurt.
Flexor incus
Flexor is a genus of clingfish from the family Gobiesocidae. It is a monotypic genus, the sole member of which Flexor incus was described in 2018 by Kevin W. Conway, Andrew L. Stewart and Adam P. Summers from type specimens collected on Raoul Island and L'Esperance Rock in the Kermadec Islands. An unknown species of clingfish was known to occur in the Kermadecs and it had been provisionally assigned to the genus Aspasmogaster. When examined, the specimens proved to belong to a new genus which they name Flexor, in reference to the flexibility of clingfishes, and incus (which means "anvil"), a reference to the anvil-like shape of the type locality, Raoul Island.

Gobiesocidae
Clingfishes are ray-finned fishes of the family Gobiesocidae, the only family in the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Blenniiformes. These fairly small to very small fishes are widespread in tropical and temperate regions, mostly near the coast, but a few species live in deeper seas or fresh water. Most species shelter in shallow reefs or seagrass beds, clinging to rocks, algae and seagrass leaves with their sucking disc, a structure on their chest.

They are generally too small to be of interest to fisheries, although the relatively large Sicyases sanguineus regularly is caught as a food fish, and some of the other species occasionally appear in the marine aquarium trade.
Ma Fuxing
Ma Fuxing (Chinese: 馬福興; Ma Fu-hsing in Wade Giles; 1864–1924) was a Hui born in Yunnan, in Qing dynasty China. He was an ex-convict. During Yang Zengxin's reign in Xinjiang, Ma was appointed as a military commander, and then Titai of Kashgar. Known for his brutality, including the execution of his perceived enemies using a hay cutting machine, Ma also developed resource industries in Xinjiang. In 1924, Yang sent forces to remove Ma from power in southwestern Xinjiang and kill him.

Yang Zengxin
Yang Zengxin (traditional Chinese: 楊增新; simplified Chinese: 杨增新; pinyin: Yáng Zēngxīn; Wade–Giles: Yang Tseng-hsin; March 6, 1864 – July 7, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who was the ruler of Xinjiang after the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 and during the Warlord Era until his assassination in 1928.
Harlaxton Manor
Harlaxton Manor is a Victorian country house in Harlaxton, Lincolnshire, England. The house was built for Gregory Gregory, a local squire and businessman. Gregory employed two of the leading architects of Victorian England, Anthony Salvin and William Burn and consulted a third, Edward Blore, during its construction. Its architecture, which combines elements of Jacobean and Elizabethan styles with Baroque decoration, makes it unique among England's Jacobethan houses. Harlaxton is a Grade I listed building on the National Heritage List for England, and many other structures on the estate are also listed. The surrounding park and gardens are listed Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. It is now the British campus of the University of Evansville.

Harlaxton
Harlaxton is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the edge of the Vale of Belvoir and just off the A607, 2 miles (3 km) south-west from Grantham and 12 miles (19 km) north-east from Melton Mowbray.
Rawh ibn Zinba al-Judhami
Abū Zurʿa Rawḥ ibn Zinbāʿ al-Judhāmī (Arabic: روح بن زنباع الجذامي) (died 703) was the Umayyad governor of Palestine, one of the main advisers of Caliph Abd al-Malik and the chieftain of the Judham tribe.

Banu Judham
The Judham (Arabic: بنو جذام, romanized: Banū Judhām) was a large Arab tribe that inhabited the southern Levant and northwestern Arabia during the late antique and early Islamic eras (5th–8th centuries). Under the Byzantine Empire, the tribe was nominally Christian and fought against the Muslim armies between 629 and 636, until the Byzantines and their Arab allies were defeated at the Battle of Yarmouk. Afterward, the Judham converted to Islam and became the largest tribal faction of Jund Filastin (district of Palestine).

The origins of the Judham are not clear. They may have been descendants of the northern Arabs, though the tribe itself claimed Yamanite (southern Arab) origins, perhaps in order to associate themselves with their Yamanite allies in Syria.
Jerome E. Singer
Jerome Everett Singer (1934–2010) was the founding chair of the Medical and Clinical Psychology Department at Uniformed Services University.  He is best known for his contributions to the two-factor theory of emotion.  He also served as one of the fourteen members on the National Research Council (NRC) committee on human performance in 1985.  Singer played a role in the cognitive revival of modern psychology.  His main area of expertise was the psychological and physiological effects of various types of stress.

Two-factor theory of emotion
The two-factor theory of emotion posits when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal. According to the theory, emotions may be misinterpreted based on the body's physiological state.

The theory was put forth by researchers Stanley Schachter and Jerome E. Singer in a 1962 article.
XHTML
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) is part of the family of XML markup languages which mirrors or extends versions of the widely used HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the language in which Web pages are formulated.

While HTML, prior to HTML5, was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML. XHTML documents are well-formed and may therefore be parsed using standard XML parsers, unlike HTML, which requires a lenient, HTML-specific parser.

XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation on 26 January 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C recommendation on 31 May 2001. XHTML is now referred to as "the XML syntax for HTML" and being developed as an XML adaptation of the HTML living standard.

XHTML Modularization
XHTML modularization is a methodology for producing modularized markup languages in a number of different schema languages (currently DTDs, XML Schema and Relax NG) so that the modules can easily be plugged together to create markup languages.

Although it was originally designed to help manage the development of various XHTML Profiles, such as XHTML 1.1, XHTML Basic for mobile devices, and XHTML Print for sending to printers,
the methodology is independent of XHTML, and has been used for the definition of other markup languages as well, such as SVG and MathML.
Chris Duvall
Chris Duvall (born September 10, 1991) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a right-back.  He is currently an assistant coach for the St. Louis City 2 in MLS Next Pro.

Born in Duluth, Georgia, Duvall began his career with club side Concorde Fire before enrolling at Wake Forest University and playing college soccer for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. He spent four seasons with Wake Forest before being drafted by the New York Red Bulls in the 2014 MLS SuperDraft. Duvall spent three seasons with the Red Bulls, helping his club win the Supporters' Shield in 2015. He was then traded to the Montreal Impact where he played for two seasons before being traded again to the Houston Dynamo in 2019. After playing four matches for the Dynamo, Duvall was released and signed with USL Championship club OKC Energy before signing with the Portland Timbers for the 2020 season.  He retired following the 2021 season with FC Cincinnati.

Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer
The Wake Forest University Demon Deacons men's soccer team is an NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of students attending Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. They achieved their greatest result in 2007, winning the 2007 Division I Men's College Cup. Like all sports teams from Wake Forest, men's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The Deacons play their home matches at Spry Stadium on the campus of Wake Forest.
United States Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa
The Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa (abbreviated as MARFOREUR/AF), headquartered in Panzer Kaserne-Barracks in Böblingen, Germany, is the U.S. Marine Corps component of the U.S. European Command and U.S. Africa Command.

United States European Command
The United States European Command (EUCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers 21,000,000 square miles (54,000,000 km2) and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, the Caucasus, and Russia. The Commander of the United States EUCOM simultaneously serves as the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) within NATO, a military alliance. During the Gulf War and Operation Northern Watch, EUCOM controlled the forces flying from Incirlik Air Base.
Pasant Aahe Mulgi (1989 film)
Pasant Aahe Mulgi (transl.  I Have Liked the Girl) is a 1989 Marathi language drama film directed by V. N. Mayekar and produced by Chaitanya Chitra. It stars Varsha Usgaonkar, Nitish Bhardwaj in lead role while Prashant Damle, Sudhir Joshi and Vandana Gupte in supporting roles. The music was composed by Rishiraj.

Nitish Bharadwaj
Nitish Bharadwaj (born 2 June 1963) is an Indian television and film actor, director, screenwriter, film and TV programme producer, veterinary science graduate from Mumbai Veterinary college and former Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha. He is best known for his role as Krishna in B. R. Chopra's television series Mahabharat, as well as for his portrayal of Vishnu and several avatars of Vishnu in some of Chopra's other great works, such as  Vishnu Puran. His debut directorial film in Marathi titled Pitruroon won accolades from audiences and critics. He now focuses on his film career entirely through screenwriting, directing and dancing.
Resistor–transistor logic
Resistor–transistor logic (RTL), sometimes also known as transistor–resistor logic (TRL), is a class of digital circuits built using resistors as the input network and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) as switching devices. RTL is the earliest class of transistorized digital logic circuit; it was succeeded by diode–transistor logic (DTL) and transistor–transistor logic (TTL).

RTL circuits were first constructed with discrete components, but in 1961 it became the first digital logic family to be produced as a monolithic integrated circuit. RTL integrated circuits were used in the Apollo Guidance Computer, whose design began in 1961 and which first flew in 1966.

Diode–transistor logic
Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating functions AND and OR are performed by diode logic, while logical inversion (NOT) and amplification (providing signal restoration) is performed by a transistor (in contrast with resistor–transistor logic (RTL) and transistor–transistor logic (TTL).
CasaBlanca Resort
CasaBlanca is a hotel, casino, and RV park located in Mesquite, Nevada. The resort, originally known as Players Island, was opened by Players International on June 29, 1995. After struggling financially, the resort was sold to Randy Black Sr., who renamed it as the CasaBlanca in July 1997. The resort, located on 42 acres (17 ha), includes 472 rooms, 24 timeshare units and a 45-space RV park.

Black Gaming
Black Gaming, LLC was a casino holding company that owned the CasaBlanca Resort and the Virgin River Casino in Mesquite, Nevada. It also owned the former Mesquite Star hotel-casino, which the company operated as a non-gaming convention center. The company headquarters were originally located in Summerlin, Nevada. The company also owned the Oasis resort in Mesquite.
Rewind (Johnny Rivers album)
Rewind is the fourth studio album by the American musician Johnny Rivers, released in 1967 by Imperial Records. The album includes cover versions of "Baby, I Need Your Lovin'" and "The Tracks of My Tears". Produced by Lou Adler with arrangements by Jimmy Webb, who wrote seven of the songs. Noted Los Angeles session musicians the Wrecking Crew provided the music. The album spent 21 weeks on the Billboard albums chart and peaked at #14 . "Tracks of my Tears" spent nine weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at #9, while "Baby I Need Your Lovin'" spent eleven weeks and peaked at #3.

Baby I Need Your Loving
"Baby I Need Your Loving" is a song recorded by the Four Tops for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, the song was the group's first Motown single and their first pop top 20 hit, making it to number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four in Canada in the fall of 1964. It was also their first million-selling hit single.

Cash Box described it as "an intriguing rock-a-cha-cha beat pleader...that [the Four Tops] carve out with solid sales authority." Rolling Stone ranked the Four Tops' original version of the song at No. 400 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

In Australia on the Stateside label, "Baby I Need Your Loving" reached No. 50 on the KMR chart and spent just 6 weeks in the chart of which it entered on 30 January 1964.
Cognitive map
A cognitive map is a type of mental representation used by an individual to order their personal store of  information about their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment, and the relationship of its component parts. The concept was introduced by Edward Tolman in 1948. He tried to explain the behavior of rats that appeared to learn the spatial layout of a maze, and subsequently the concept was applied to other animals, including humans. The term was later generalized by some researchers, especially in the field of operations research, to refer to a kind of semantic network representing an individual's personal knowledge or schemas.

Edward C. Tolman
Edward Chace Tolman (April 14, 1886 – November 19, 1959) was an American psychologist and a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Through Tolman's theories and works, he founded what is now a branch of psychology known as purposive behaviorism. Tolman also promoted the concept known as latent learning first coined by Blodgett (1929). A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Tolman as the 45th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Tolman was one of the leading figures in protecting academic freedom during the McCarthy era in early 1950s. In recognition of Tolman's contributions to both the development of psychology and academic freedom, the Education and Psychology building on Berkeley campus, the "Tolman Hall", was named after him.