hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elmwood, Louisiana
Elmwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States, within the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area. The population was 4,635 at the 2010 census, and 5,649 in 2020. Elmwood was part of neighboring Jefferson's census area from 1960 to 1990. The ZIP Code serving Elmwood is 70123.

Jefferson, Louisiana
Jefferson is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States, on the north side (referred to as the "East Bank") of the Mississippi River. Jefferson is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area. The population was 11,193 at the 2010 census, and 10,533 in 2020. It is often known by locals as "Old Jefferson" (to distinguish itself from the rest of Jefferson Parish), but should not be confused with Old Jefferson in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana.
U.S. Route 95 Alternate (Schurz–Fernley, Nevada)
In the U.S. state of Nevada, U.S. Route 95 Alternate (US 95 Alt., sometimes referred to as US 95A) is an alternate route of U.S. Route 95 located in the western part of the state. It connects Schurz to Interstate 80 via the cities of Yerington and Fernley.

The highway is one of three routes in Nevada that has existed as US 95 Alt.

Interstate 80 in Nevada
Interstate 80 (I-80) traverses the northern portion of the US state of Nevada. The freeway serves the Reno metropolitan area and passes through the towns of Fernley, Lovelock, Winnemucca, Battle Mountain, Carlin, Elko, Wells and West Wendover on its way through the state.

I-80 follows the historical routes of the California Trail, first transcontinental railroad and Feather River Route throughout portions of Nevada. Throughout the entire state, I-80 follows the historical routes of the Victory Highway, State Route 1 (SR 1) and US Route 40 (US 40). The freeway corridor follows the paths of the Truckee and Humboldt rivers. These rivers have been used as a transportation corridor since the California Gold Rush of the 1840s.

The Nevada portion of I-80 has been designated as the Dwight D. Eisenhower Highway and Purple Heart Trail.
Isaaq Sultanate
The Isaaq Sultanate (Somali: Saldanadda Isaaq, Wadaad: سَلْدَنَدْدَ إساقْ, Arabic: السلطنة الإسحاقية) was a Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries. The kingdom spanned the territories of the Isaaq clan in modern-day Somaliland and Ethiopia. It was governed by the Rer Guled Eidagale branch of the Garhajis clan and is the pre-colonial predecessor to the Republic of Somaliland.

House of Guled
House of Guled (Somali: Reer Guuleed, Wadaad's writing: ريرْ گُليدْ Arabic: الغوليديين, romanized: al-Ghulīdiyīn) was the ruling house of the Isaaq Sultanate from 1750 to 1884 and is also a subclan in its own right. The family are descendants of the Eidagale sub division of the wider Garhajis and in extension Isaaq clan-family. Although they no longer hold any authority, they are the royal house of Somaliland and are viewed as a favoured symbol in the country. In July 2021, Sultan Mahamed Abdiqadir had a state funeral with nationwide media coverage and was attended by high government officials, including the president of Somaliland; Muse Bihi Abdi and foreign dignitaries.
Anigozanthos
Anigozanthos is a genus of plant found naturally in the Southwestern Australia biogeographic region, belonging to the bloodwort family Haemodoraceae. The 11 species and their subspecies are commonly known as kangaroo paw or wallaby paw (formerly catspaw), depending on their size, and the shape and colour of their flowers. A further species, previously identified as Anigozanthos fuliginosus (black kangaroo paw), was separated to a monotypic genus as Macropidia fuliginosa. All 11 species of Anigozanthos are endemic to the south west of Western Australia, Noongar Boodjar.

The species are recognised for their unusual flowers, and numerous hybrids and cultivars have been developed for cultivation and floristry in recent years. Kangaroo paws are much in demand as house plants and as cut flowers. The red-and-green kangaroo paw is the floral emblem of Western Australia.

Anigozanthos manglesii
Anigozanthos manglesii, commonly known as the red-and-green kangaroo paw, Mangles' kangaroo paw, or 
Nyungar: kurulbrang, is a plant species endemic to Western Australia, and the floral emblem of that state.

The flower has become symbolic of the region. The display between August and November is remarkable for the high standing flowers occurring in urban and coastal regions.  The species is not threatened, but is protected under state legislation. A license is required for collection from the wild. It is desirable as a cut flower, possessing an unusual form and striking colours that last well.
Area code 763
Area code 763 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan for the northwestern suburbs of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, including cities such as Plymouth, Maple Grove, and Brooklyn Park. It was created in 2000 along with area code 952 (southwest suburbs) when they were split out of numbering plan area 612, which was reduced to the city of Minneapolis and a few inner-ring locales.

763 is bordered on the north and west by area code 320, on the east by area code 651, and by area codes 952 and 612 to the south and southeast respectively.

Area code 612
Area code 612 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) in the U.S. state of Minnesota.  The numbering plan area comprises the city of Minneapolis and a few surrounding municipalities such as Fort Snelling, St. Anthony, and Richfield. Geographically, it is the smallest area code in the state of Minnesota. The area code is one of the two original area codes in the 1947 nationwide numbering plan for the state, when it was assigned to a much larger area, including the entire Twin Cities region and a wide area surrounding it.
James of Mar, 30th Earl of Mar
James Clifton of Mar, 30th Earl of Mar (22 November 1914 – 21 April 1975) was a British peer.

He was born James Clifton Lane, and was officially recognized in the style of Mar by warrant of the Lord Lyon in 1959 on being recognised as the heir presumptive of Lionel Erskine-Young, 29th Earl of Mar, his first cousin once removed (both he and the 29th Earl were descended from a sister of John Goodeve-Erskine, 27th Earl of Mar), and from then on was known as the Master of Mar, until he succeeded as 30th Earl in 1965.

His only son, David, Master of Mar, Lord Garioch, died in 1967, and when Lord Mar died in 1975 he was succeeded by his elder daughter, Margaret of Mar, Mistress of Mar.

Margaret of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar
Margaret Alison of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar (born 19 September 1940), is a Scottish hereditary peer and politician. She was a crossbench member of the House of Lords from 1975 to 2020 and was one of 92 hereditary peers elected to remain in the Lords in 1999. She is the holder of the original earldom of Mar, the oldest peerage title in the United Kingdom. She is the only suo jure countess and was the only female hereditary peer in the House of Lords from 2014 to 2020. She is also a farmer and former specialist goats cheesemaker in Great Witley, Worcestershire.
Ora (mythology)
The Ora (Albanian: orë, definite form: ora, pl.: orë/t) is an Albanian mythological figure that every human possesses from birth, associated with human destiny and fate. The essential function of the ora is to maintain the order of the universe and to enforce its laws.

The ora is regarded as a kind of personal goddess belonging to only one individual. The ora organize the aspect of all humankind by attending the birth of every human and weaving his future. The ora that belongs to the house is often imagined as a serpent.

The Northern Albanian Ora, along with the Zana, can be found within the folk beliefs and oral epics of the Gheg Albanians. Folk beliefs of the Southern Tosk Albanians reveal similar Albanian mythological figures of fate and destiny, the Mira and Fatia.

Vitore
The Vitore (Albanian definite form: Vitorja, also Gjarpni i Votrës, Gjarpni i Shtëpisë, Bolla e Shtëpisë or Ora e Shtëpisë) is a household divine serpent (gjarpër or bollë) in Albanian mythology and folklore, associated with human destiny, good fortune and the souls of the ancestors. In folk beliefs the household serpent is strongly related to the cult of the hearth (vatër) and it is especially considered the guardian of the family and the house.
Amicus (trade union)
Amicus was a trade union in Great Britain and Ireland, primarily representing workers in the private sector. The union was established in January 2002 by the merger of Manufacturing, Science and Finance Union and the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union. Amicus was enlarged by the amalgamation of two unions, UNIFI in 2004 and the Graphical, Paper and Media Union in 2005.

Amicus was affiliated to the Trades Union Congress of England and Wales, the Irish Congress of Trade Unions and the Scottish Trades Union Congress.

On 1 May 2007, Amicus voted to merge with the Transport and General Workers' Union to form Unite the Union, which became the biggest trade union in the UK at the time. It retained that status until late 2018, when it was overtaken in membership numbers by Unison.

Unite the Union
Unite the Union, commonly known as Unite, is a trade union in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, formed on 1 May 2007 by the merger of Amicus and the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU). A general union, Unite is one of the largest trade unions in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with over 1.2 million members. The current general secretary is Sharon Graham, who was elected in August 2021.
Minister of Land Reform and Rural Development
The minister of land reform and rural development is a minister in the Cabinet of South Africa. The office was established as the minister of rural development and land reform in May 2009, though it was subsequently merged with the agriculture portfolio under the minister of agriculture, land reform and rural development from 2019 to 2024.

The same portfolio was previously the provenance of the minister of land affairs. Before President Jacob Zuma appointed the first minister of rural development and Land Reform in May 2009, land affairs were conjoined with agriculture under the minister of agriculture and land affairs between 1996 and 2009.

The minister has political responsibility for the Department of Land Reform and Rural Development. The incumbent minister is Mzwanele Nyhontso, who is the first opposition politician to hold the office; he was appointed on 30 June 2024.

Minister of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development
The minister of agriculture, land reform and rural development was a minister of the Cabinet of South Africa, with political executive responsibility for agriculture, land reform and rural development, as well as for the Agricultural Research Council, the National Agricultural Marketing Council, Onderstepoort Biological Products, the Perishable Products Export Control Board, and Ncera Farms.

The agriculture, land reform and rural development portfolio was created in the 2019 cabinet reorganization by President Cyril Ramaphosa; the minister inherited the responsibility for agriculture from the minister of agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The last minister of agriculture, forestry and fisheries was Senzeni Zokwana with Sfiso Buthelezi as his deputy, before the portfolio was changed in May 2019.

The ministry was split in 2024 into the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Land Reform and Rural Development in the third cabinet of Cyril Ramaphosa.
St. Albans (city), Vermont
St. Albans is the only city in and the shire town of Franklin County, Vermont, United States. At the 2020 census, the city population was 6,877. St. Albans City is completely surrounded by St. Albans Town, which is a separate municipality. The city is in Northwestern Vermont, about 15 miles south of the Canadian border and 30 miles north of Burlington.

St. Albans (town), Vermont
Saint Albans, commonly abbreviated as St. Albans, is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,988. The town completely surrounds St. Albans City, which is a separate municipality.
Storyboard
A storyboard is a graphic organizer that consists of simple illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. The storyboarding process, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions during the early 1930s, after several years of similar processes being in use at Walt Disney and other animation studios.

Previsualization
Previsualization (also known as previsualisation, previs, previz, pre-rendering, preview, or wireframe windows) is the process of visualizing scenes, sequences, or environments before their physical production. Originally associated with film, where it is used to plan camera angles, staging, and visual effects before shooting, the practice has expanded into other creative disciplines including animation, live performance, concerts, theater, video game design, and still photography. Techniques range from traditional storyboarding with hand-drawn sketches to digitally assisted 3D simulations that allow directors and designers to explore timing, spatial composition, and technical feasibility in advance.
Replica cluster move
Replica cluster move in condensed matter physics refers to a family of non-local cluster algorithms used to simulate spin glasses. It is an extension of the Swendsen-Wang algorithm in that it generates non-trivial spin clusters informed by the interaction states on two (or more) replicas instead of just one. It is different from the replica exchange method (or parallel tempering), as it performs a non-local update on a fraction of the sites between the two replicas at the same temperature, while parallel tempering directly exchanges all the spins between two replicas at different temperature. However, the two are often used alongside to achieve state-of-the-art efficiency in simulating spin-glass models.

Swendsen–Wang algorithm
The Swendsen–Wang algorithm is the first non-local or cluster algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation for large systems near criticality. It has been introduced by Robert Swendsen and Jian-Sheng Wang in 1987 at Carnegie Mellon.

The original algorithm was designed for the Ising and Potts models, and it was later generalized to other systems as well, such as the XY model by Wolff algorithm and particles of fluids. The key ingredient was the random cluster model, a representation of the Ising or Potts model through percolation models of connecting bonds, due to Fortuin and Kasteleyn. It has been generalized by Barbu and Zhu to arbitrary sampling probabilities by viewing it as a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and computing the acceptance probability of the proposed Monte Carlo move.
CF Badalona
Club de Fútbol Badalona (Catalan pronunciation: [bəðəˈlonə]) is a Spanish football team based in Badalona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1903 it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 5, temporarily holding home games at Estadi Municipal de Badalona, with a capacity of 4,170 seats.

Badalona acted as the reserve team of CF Badalona Futur during the 2022–23 season.

Som Maresme FC
Som Maresme Futbol Club, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Premià de Dalt, Barcelona, in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. Founded in 1947, it currently plays in Camp de fútbol municipal de Premià de Dalt, with a capacity for 1,200 spectators.
Kondaikatti Vellalar
Tamils portal

India portal

Kondaikatti Velaalar or Thondaimandala Mudaliar is a Tamil high-ranking subcaste of the Vellalar caste in south India. Historically, they were a caste of non-cultivating land-holders and some of them were administrators under various south Indian dynasties. Their original homeland was Thondaimandalam and from there they spread to other areas in south India and northeastern parts of Sri Lanka. Since they historically used the Mudaliar title, they are sometimes referred to as Thondaimandala Mudaliar. However, Kathleen Gough considers them to be a separate subcaste of the Thondaimandala Mudali, as does Susan Neild.

Vellalar
Vellalar is a group of castes in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, and northeastern parts of Sri Lanka. The Vellalar are members of several endogamous castes such as the numerically strong Arunattu Vellalar, Chozhia Vellalar, Karkarthar Vellalar, Kongu Vellalar, Thuluva Vellalar and Sri Lankan Vellalar.
Cadillac CT6
The Cadillac CT6 (short for Cadillac Touring 6) is a full-size luxury car manufactured by Cadillac between 2016 and 2020 over two generations. The first generation CT6 was introduced at the 2015 New York International Auto Show and went on sale in the U.S. in March 2016. It is the first car to adopt the brand's revised naming strategy, as well as the first rear-wheel drive full-size Cadillac sedan since the Fleetwood was discontinued in 1996.

In 2020, the CT6 was discontinued in the United States, to be replaced by the current Cadillac Celestiq liftback sedan.

Cadillac Celestiq
The Cadillac Celestiq (/səˈlɛstɪk/ se-LESS-tick) is a battery electric liftback made by the Cadillac division of General Motors. It is the brand's flagship sedan, replacing the Cadillac CT6. Production commenced in 2024.
Passive infrared sensor
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications.

PIR sensors detect general movement, but do not give information on who or what moved. For that purpose, an imaging IR sensor is required.

PIR sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive infrared detector". The term passive refers to the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy for detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting infrared radiation (radiant heat) emitted by or reflected from objects.

Motion detector
A motion detector is an electrical device that utilizes a sensor to detect nearby motion (motion detection). Such a device is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area. They form a vital component of security, automated lighting control, home control, energy efficiency, and other useful systems. It can be achieved by either mechanical or electronic methods. When it is done by natural organisms, it is called motion perception.
Plebiscite of Veneto of 1866
The Venetian plebiscite of 1866, also known officially as the Plebiscite of Venetian Provinces and Mantua (Italian: Plebiscito di Venezia, delle province venete e di quella di Mantova), was a plebiscite that took place on Sunday 21 and Monday 22 October 1866 to sanction the annexation to the Kingdom of Italy of the lands ceded to France by the Austrian Empire following the Third War of Independence.

Third Italian War of Independence
The Third Italian War of Independence (Italian: Terza guerra d'indipendenza italiana) was a war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire fought between June and August 1866. The conflict paralleled the Austro-Prussian War and resulted in Austria giving the region of Venetia (present-day Veneto, Friuli and the city of Mantua, the last remnant of the Quadrilatero) to the Second French Empire (acting as intermediary in negotiations), which formally gave it to Italy. Italy's acquisition of this wealthy and populous territory, annexed with a plebiscite, represented a major step in the Unification of Italy.
Lichfield Canal
The Lichfield Canal, as it is now known, was historically a part of the Wyrley and Essington Canal, being the section of that canal from Ogley Junction at Brownhills on the northern Birmingham Canal Navigations to Huddlesford Junction, east of Lichfield, on the Coventry Canal, a length of 7 miles (11.3 km). The branch was abandoned in 1955, along with several other branches of the Wyrley and Essington, and much of it was filled in.

Restoration plans were first voiced in 1975, and since 1990, the Lichfield & Hatherton Canals Restoration Trust have been actively engaged in excavating and rebuilding sections of the canal as they have become available. Major projects have included an isolated aqueduct over the M6 Toll motorway, ready for when the canal reaches it.

Wyrley and Essington Canal
The Wyrley and Essington Canal, known locally as "the Curly Wyrley", is a canal in the English Midlands. As built it ran from Wolverhampton to Huddlesford Junction near Lichfield, with a number of branches: some parts are currently derelict. Pending planned restoration to Huddlesford, the navigable mainline now terminates at Ogley Junction near Brownhills. In 2008 it was designated a Local Nature Reserve.
Recalcitrant seed
Recalcitrant seeds are seeds that do not survive drying and freezing during ex situ conservation. By and large, these seeds cannot resist the effects of drying or temperatures less than 10 °C (50 °F); thus, they cannot be stored for long periods like orthodox seeds because they can lose their viability. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds include avocado, mango, mangosteen, lychee, cocoa, rubber tree, some horticultural trees, aquatic plants such as Nymphaea caerulea, and several plants used in traditional medicine, such as species of Virola and Pentaclethra. Generally speaking, most tropical pioneer species have orthodox seeds but many climax species have recalcitrant or intermediate seeds.

Orthodox seed
Orthodox seeds are seeds which will survive drying and/or freezing during ex situ conservation, as opposed to recalcitrant seeds, which will not. According to information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there is variation in the ability of orthodox seeds to withstand drying and storage, with some seeds being more sensitive than others. Thus some seeds are considered intermediate in their storage capability while others are fully orthodox. One notable example of a long-lived orthodox seed which survived accidental storage followed by controlled germination is the case of the 2,000-year-old Judean date palm (cultivar of Phoenix dactylifera) seed which successfully sprouted in 2005. This particular seed is reputed to be the oldest viable seed, but the upper survival time limit of properly stored seeds remains unknown.
Southern California Railway
Southern California Railway was formed on November 7, 1889. It was formed by consolidation of the 
California Southern Railroad Company, the California Central Railway Company, and the Redondo Beach Railway Company.

A second consolidation and reforming on the Southern California Railway was on June 27, 1892, this was done by consolidation of the former Southern California Railway Company (above) with the Santa Fe and Santa Monica Railway and the San Bernardino & Eastern Railway.
On May 1, 1899, the Southern California Railway took control of the Elsinore, Pomona and Los Angeles Railway.

All of the lines of the Southern California Railway Company line (list above) were deeded to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company on January 17, 1906.

California Central Railway
The California Central Railway was incorporated on April 23, 1887, with headquarters in San Bernardino, California. George O. Manchester was the President of the corporation.

At its peak it operated 250 miles (400 km) of rail line with 14 steam locomotives, 14 passenger cars and 83 freight cars. It operated rail lines from May 20, 1887, to November 7, 1889.  On December 31, 1888, the California Central Railway was valued at $12,914,000.00.

On November 7, 1889, California Central Railway was consolidated with the California Southern Railroad and the Redondo Beach Railway into the Southern California Railway Company. On June 30, 1888, it began operations as a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.