hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chain rule
In calculus, the chain rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the composition of two differentiable functions z and y in terms of the derivatives of z and y. More precisely, if  is the composition such that  for every x, then the chain rule is, in Lagrange's notation,

or, equivalently,

The chain rule may also be expressed in Leibniz's notation. If a variable z depends on the variable y, which itself depends on the variable x (that is, y and z are dependent variables), then z depends on x as well, via the intermediate variable y. In this case, the chain rule is expressed as
 
and

for indicating at which points the derivatives have to be evaluated.

In integration, the counterpart to the chain rule is the substitution rule.

Integration by substitution
In calculus, integration by substitution, also known as u-substitution, reverse chain rule or change of variables, is a method for evaluating integrals and antiderivatives. It is the counterpart to the chain rule for differentiation, and can loosely be thought of as using the chain rule "backwards." This involves differential forms.
Natsupoi
Natsumi Takagi (鷹木なつみ, Takagi Natsumi; née Maki (万喜), born July 19, 1995), better known by her ring name Natsupoi (なつぽい, Natsupoi), is a Japanese professional wrestler and singer. She is currently signed to World Wonder Ring Stardom, where she is the assumed de facto leader of Cosmic Angels alongside Saori Anou.

Natsupoi is a former two-time Artist of Stardom Champion, one-time Goddesses of Stardom Champion, one-time High Speed Champion and one-time Wonder of Stardom Champion.

Artist of Stardom Championship
The Artist of Stardom Championship (アーティスト・オブ・スターダム王座, Ātisuto Obu Sutādamu Ōza) is a professional wrestling six-woman tag team championship owned by World Wonder Ring Stardom. The title was first announced during Stardom's year-end event on December 24, 2012, and two days later its name was revealed as the "Artist of Stardom Championship", with a four-team one night single-elimination tournament announced to determine the inaugural champions. The current champions are H.A.T.E. (Konami, Rina, and Fukigen Death), who are in their first reign as a team, but third for Konami, first for Rina and fifth for Fukigen individually.
Yaquis de Obregón
The Yaquis de Obregón (English: Obregón Yaquis) are a professional baseball team based in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico. They compete in the Mexican Pacific League (LMP). The team plays at the Estadio Yaquis with a capacity of 16,500 seated spectators.

The team has won the LMP championship six times. The Yaquis are the only team in league history to have won three consecutive league championships, achieving this feat in the 2011, 2012, and 2013.

Mexican Pacific League
The Mexican Pacific League (Spanish: Liga Mexicana del Pacífico, or LMP), also known as the Liga ARCO Mexicana del Pacífico for sponsorship reasons, is a professional baseball winter league based in Northwestern Mexico. The league comprises 10 teams. It was founded in 1945. The league's champion takes part in the Caribbean Series each year.

The sixty-eight game regular season is split in two halves. After each half, the teams are awarded points. The first place team earns ten points, while the last place team earns three and a half points. At the end of the regular season the total number of points are added up from both halves to determine playoff positioning. The top eight teams advance. There are no divisions.
Grundy (horse)
Grundy (1972–1992) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career which lasted from July 1974 until August 1975, he ran eleven times and won eight races. He was the leading British two-year-old of 1974, when his wins included the Champagne Stakes and the Dewhurst Stakes. In 1975 he was narrowly beaten in the 2000 Guineas but went on to win the Irish 2000 Guineas and the Epsom and Irish Derbies. He is best remembered for his win over Bustino in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Diamond Stakes, which has been described as Britain's "Race of the Century". He was retired to stud at the end of 1975 and had some success as a sire of winners. He was exported to Japan, where he died in 1992.

Bustino
Bustino (14 April 1971 – 2 October 1997) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career which lasted from August 1973 until July 1975, he ran nine times and won five races. He was the best British three-year-old of 1974, when his wins included the Classic St Leger, as well as the Sandown Classic Trial, Lingfield Derby Trial and Great Voltigeur Stakes. As a four-year-old he won the Coronation Cup in record time and finished second to Grundy in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in what is often described as the 'Race of the Century'. At stud he was a successful stallion.
Empis borealis
Empis borealis is a species of dance flies in the fly family Empididae. It is found in most of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula, the Baltic Region and the Iberian Peninsula. The brown wings of the female are very broad, while the male fly’s wings are narrower.

This particular species of fly exhibits sex-role reversal in its mating process, with female flies aggregating in swarms to compete for male choice. Female fly swarms change their flying behavior in the presence of males, who present nuptial gifts to females before mating.

Empididae
Empididae is a family of flies with over 3,000 described species occurring worldwide in all the biogeographic realms but the majority are found in the Holarctic. They are mainly predatory flies like most of their relatives in the Empidoidea, and exhibit a wide range of forms but are generally small to medium-sized, non-metallic and rather bristly.

Common names for members of this family are dagger flies (referring to the sharp piercing mouthparts of some species) and balloon flies. The term "dance flies" is sometimes used for this family too, but the dance flies proper, formerly included herein, are now considered a separate family Hybotidae.
Disney's Pop Century Resort
Disney's Pop Century Resort is a resort located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, opened on December 14, 2003. It is the fourth value-priced resort in the complex, following Disney's All-Star Movies, All-Star Music, and All-Star Sports Resorts in the 1990s. The resort is themed around 20th century American pop culture.

Original plans anticipated the creation of both the "Legendary Years" and the "Classic Years" to divide the property by the first and second halves of the century, respectively. However, the former section was not finished after reduced tourism in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks and redeveloped as a fifth value-priced resort, Disney's Art of Animation Resort, in 2012.

Disney's Art of Animation Resort
Disney's Art of Animation Resort is a resort within Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. It is located where construction on the unfinished half of Disney's Pop Century Resort was started but later abandoned after the September 11 attacks. It is considered a value resort.

The resort was the first to be built in the complex in over seven years and the fifth in the value-priced category, along with the three All-Star Resorts and the Pop Century Resort. Family suites opened on May 31, 2012, and standard rooms opened on September 15, 2012.
House of Helfenstein
The House of Helfenstein was a German noble family during the High and Late Middle Ages. The family was named after the family castle, Castle Helfenstein, located above Geislingen an der Steige in the Swabian Alb region of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The family held the rank of Graf or Count and was very significant in the 13th and 14th Centuries, but fell into financial difficulties and the family lost its estate in 1627.

Helfenstein Castle
Helfenstein Castle represents the remnants of the fortified castle (burg) Helfenstein of the counts of Helfenstein located above the city of Geislingen an der Steige, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was destroyed in 1552.
Dharmavaram Ramakrishnamacharyulu
Dharmavaram Ramakrishnamacharyulu (January 1853 – 30 November 1912) was a Telugu playwright from Bellari (formerly Bellary), Karnataka, India. He was known as the "Andhra Nataka Pithamaha" (Grandfather of Andhra Drama) and wrote more than 30 plays.

Ballari
Ballari (Kannada: [bɐɭːaːri], formerly Bellary) is a city in the Ballari district in state of Karnataka, India.

Ballari houses many steel plants such as JSW Vijayanagar, one of the largest in Asia. Ballari district is also known as the ‘Steel city of South India’. Ballari is also the headquarters for Karnataka Gramina Bank which almost has more than 1100 + branches in Karnataka.
Colonie, New York
Colonie /ˌkɒləˈniː/ is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. It is the most-populous suburb of Albany, and is the third-largest town in area in Albany County, occupying approximately 11% of the county. Several hamlets exist within the town. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 85,590.

The name is derived from the Dutch Colonye or "Colonie",  derived from the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. All the land outside the Village of Beverwyck (now Albany) was referred to as the "Colonie". The town of Colonie is north of Albany and is at the northern border of the county.  Within the town of Colonie are two villages, one also known as Colonie and the other known as Menands.

Colonie (village), New York
Colonie is a village in Albany County, New York, United States. The population was 7,793 at the 2010 census.

The village of Colonie is within the town of Colonie. Both are north of the city of Albany, the capital of New York.
Nesomyidae
The Nesomyidae are a family of African rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea.  It includes several subfamilies, all of which are native to either continental Africa or to Madagascar. Included in this family are Malagasy rodents, climbing mice, African rock mice, swamp mice, pouched rats, and the white-tailed rat.

Muroidea
The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives.  Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except Antarctica. Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, Muridae, due to difficulties in determining how the subfamilies are related to one another. Many of the families within the Muroidea superfamily have more variations between the families than between the different clades. A possible explanation for the variations in rodents is because of the location of these rodents; these changes could have been due to radiation or the overall environment they migrated to or originated in. The following taxonomy is based on recent well-supported molecular phylogenies.

The muroids are classified in six families, 19 subfamilies, around 280 genera, and at least 1,750 species.
East Fremantle Football Club
The East Fremantle Football Club, nicknamed the Sharks and colloquially referred to as East Freo, is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). The team's home ground is East Fremantle Oval. East Fremantle is the most successful club in WAFL history, winning 30 premierships since their entry into the competition in 1898. East Fremantle's last premiership was in 2023, when they defeated Peel Thunder.

WAFL Women's
WAFL Women's (WAFLW) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth, Western Australia. The WAFLW is the premier women's football competition in Western Australia and is contested by nine teams, all of whom are owned and operated by clubs in the men's West Australian Football League (WAFL).

The league was established in 2018 by the West Australian Football Commission (WAFC) and West Australian Women's Football League (WAWFL), the latter having been the governing body and league for women's football in the state from 1987 to 2018. The competition has been singularly overseen by the WAFC after the WAWFL was dissolved in 2021.

The league runs from March to August, usually running partially concurrently with the AFL Women's (AFLW). It is the second primary women's football competition for West Australian footballers underneath the semi-professional national competition, and one of the three elite leagues in women's Australian rules football (the AFLW, SANFLW and WAFLW).
U.S. Route 5
U.S. Route 5 (US 5) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway running through the New England states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont. Significant cities along the route include New Haven, Connecticut; Hartford, Connecticut; and Springfield, Massachusetts. From Hartford northward to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, the road closely follows the route of the Connecticut River.

The entire route of US 5 is closely paralleled by Interstate 91 (I-91). US 5 now serves as the local business route and alternate route for the Interstate Highway. The northern terminus of US 5 is in Derby Line, Vermont, at the Canada–United States border, where it continues past the Derby Line–Stanstead Border Crossing into Quebec as Route 143, which was Route 5 until renumbered in the mid-1970s. Its southern terminus is in New Haven, Connecticut, at an intersection with I-91.

Derby Line, Vermont
Derby Line is an incorporated village in the town of Derby in Orleans County, Vermont, United States, slightly north of the 45th parallel, the nominal U.S.–Canada boundary. The population was 687 at the 2020 census.

The village is located on the Canada–United States border and is contiguous with the district of Rock Island in the town of Stanstead, Quebec.

Notable buildings include the Haskell Free Library and Opera House.
HLA-B38
HLA-B38 (B38) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*38 allele products of the HLA-B gene-locus.

B38 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B16, and is a sister type of B39.  The B*3801 allele is more common in Eastern, Southern and Southeastern Europe, while the B*3802 allele is more common in the Far East.

HLA-B39
HLA-B39 (B39) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*39 gene products.

B39 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B16, and is a sister type of B38.  B39 is most commonly found on the west pacific rim, in Japan and highest frequency in the new world. In Europe it is found in Scandinavia and Northern Russia.
Brodtberg
The Brodtberg, at 378.86 m above sea level (NN), is the highest hill in Remscheid and the region of Düsseldorf in Germany. Despite that, it is not particularly prominent; for example the nearby quarter of Lennep lies at elevations of up to 370 metres.

Remscheid
Remscheid (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛmʃaɪt] ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is, after Wuppertal and Solingen, the third-largest municipality in Bergisches Land, being located on the northern edge of the region, on the south side of the Ruhr area.

Remscheid had around 109,000 inhabitants in 2015. At the end of 2019 it had 113,703 inhabitants. A variety of the Limburgish language, known locally as Remscheder Platt is spoken in the city through all generations.
CJCD-FM
CJCD-FM (100.1 FM, 100.1 GO FM) is a radio station in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Owned by Vista Radio, it broadcasts a adult contemporary format as serving Yellowknife and Dettah.

The station also has a rebroadcaster, CJCD-FM-1 at 100.1 FM, in Hay River.

Vista Radio
Vista Radio Ltd. (also formerly known as Vista Broadcast Group) is a Courtenay, British Columbia-based media company. Owned by Westerkirk Capital, Vista is the second-largest owner of radio stations in Canada.

The company only owned stations in British Columbia until 2007, when it expanded outside the province by acquiring an existing station in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories and launching a new one in Grande Prairie, Alberta. With its acquisition of Haliburton Broadcasting Group, the company expanded into Ontario in 2012. In 2025, the company acquired 21 additional British Columbia stations from Bell Media.
Johnny Vincent
John Vincent Imbragulio (October 3, 1927 – February 4, 2000), known as Johnny Vincent, was an American record producer for Art Rupe at Specialty Records. He founded Ace Records in 1955 in Jackson, Mississippi, 165 miles away from New Orleans. Although Vincent started out recording local blues musicians, in 1956 he branched out into New Orleans rhythm and blues and rock and roll. He signed Huey "Piano" Smith and his group, who were able to develop a New Orleans shuffle style distinct from the Fats Domino jumping boogie rhythm.

Art Rupe
Arthur Newton Rupe  (born Arthur Goldberg; September 5, 1917 – April 15, 2022) was an American music executive and record producer. He founded Specialty Records, known for its rhythm and blues, blues, gospel and early rock and roll music recordings, in Los Angeles in 1946.
American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery
The American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery (AOBOS) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) and non-osteopathic (MD and equivalent) physicians who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system (orthopedic surgeons). The board is one of 16 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was originally a subdivision of the American Osteopathic Board of Surgery until it became an independent board in 1978. Additionally, diplomates of the American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery are eligible for membership in the American Osteopathic Academy of Orthopedics and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists
Established in 1939, the American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists (BOS) is the supervisory body for the AOA's 16 Specialty Certifying Boards in the United States. The BOS establishes and enforces policy for board certification through the AOA  Specialty Certifying Boards and maintains high standards for certification through the development and implementation of educational and professional standards used to evaluate and certify osteopathic and non-osteopathic (MD and equivalent) physician.

AOA Board Certification is recognized by key healthcare accreditation organizations. The AOA is also recognized as the primary verification source for physician osteopathic board certification data on medical specialists for credentialing purposes.
Lawshall
Lawshall is a village and civil parish in Suffolk, England. Located around a mile off the A134 between Bury St Edmunds and Sudbury, it is part of Babergh district. The parish has nine settlements comprising the three main settlements of The Street, Lambs Lane and Bury Road along with the six small hamlets of Audley End, Hanningfield Green, Harrow Green, Hart's Green, Hibb's Green and Lawshall Green.

Notable buildings in the parish include All Saints Church and Lawshall Hall. In addition Coldham Hall is very close to the village and part of the grounds of the estate are located within the parish.  Other important features include Frithy Wood, which is classified as Ancient Woodland and a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and The Warbanks historical site.

Hibb's Green
Hibb's Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Lawshall in the Babergh district in the county of Suffolk, England. It is located between Hanningfield Green and Lawshall Green and is just under a mile off the A134 between Bury St Edmunds and Sudbury.
Katie McBeath
Katie McBeath (born December 2, 1994) is an American pair skater. Alongside partner Daniil Parkman, McBeath is the 2025 CS John Nicks Pairs Competition bronze medalist, the 2025 U.S. national silver medalist, and 2026 U.S. national bronze medalist.

With former partner Nathan Bartholomay, she competed at the 2022 Four Continents Championships.

2026 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2026 U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from January 4 to 11 at the Enterprise Center and Centene Community Ice Center in St. Louis, Missouri. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the junior and senior levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2026 Winter Olympics, 2026 World Championships, 2026 Four Continents Championships, and 2026 World Junior Championships.

At the senior level, Ilia Malinin won the men's event, Amber Glenn won the women's event, Alisa Efimova and Misha Mitrofanov won the pairs event, and Madison Chock and Evan Bates won the ice dance event. With their seventh victory, Chock and Bates now hold the record for winning the most U.S. Championship titles in ice dance. At the junior level, Patrick Blackwell won the men's event, Angela Shao won the women's event, Reagan Moss and Jakub Galbavy won the pairs event, and Hana Maria Aboian and Daniil Veselukhin won the ice dance event.
London Lions (basketball)
London Lions are a British professional basketball team based in Stratford, East London, England, and compete in the Super League Basketball (SLB).

The team was originally founded in 1977 as the Hemel Hempstead Lakers. Following an ownership take over by Vince Macaulay in 1993, the club subsequently relocated to Watford, and then Milton Keynes, where they were known as Milton Keynes Lions. It was in Milton Keynes that the team won its first silverware in 2008, the BBL Cup. The Lions relocated to London in 2012 and play its home games at the Copper Box Arena in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, as well as occasional EuroCup matches at Wembley Arena.

The Lions were purchased by 777 Partners in 2020, ending Macaulay's 27-year tenure.  After the threat of bankruptcy following their owners' collapse amid claims of financial fraud  at the end of the 2023–24 season, the club was rescued for the 2024–25 season under the ownership of Tesonet, minority shareholders of BC Žalgiris.

Cheshire Phoenix
The Cheshire Phoenix are an English professional basketball team based in Ellesmere Port, Cheshire. Founded in 1984, they are members of Super League Basketball and play their home games at the Cheshire Oaks Arena. From 1993 until 2015 the team was based in Chester, where they enjoyed their most success. Under previous ownership, the team was known as the Cheshire Jets, but due to financial difficulties the franchise was withdrawn from the league in November 2012 and reformed as the Phoenix. The team's head coach is Ben Thomas.

The Phoenix have won two BBL championships, one BBL playoffs title, two BBL Cups, and six BBL Trophies. Home games are played at the Cheshire Oaks Arena, which has a capacity of 1,400.
Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
The Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (KCAET), the only Agricultural Engineering college in Kerala, is situated at Tavanur in Malappuram district and is named after the freedom fighter and social reformer Sri K. Kelappan. This institution is part of the Kerala Agricultural University.

Kerala Agricultural University
Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) is a state university for agricultural education, recognised as a State Agricultural University by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It is situated in Vellanikkara, Kerala, India.

The KAU is the primary and the principal instrumentality of the Kerala State in providing human resources, and skills and technology, required for the sustainable development of its agriculture, defined broadly as encompassing all production activities based on land and water, including crop production, forestry and co-operatives by conducting, interfacing and integrating education, research and extension in these spheres of economic endeavour.