hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnitude (mathematics)
In mathematics, the magnitude or size of a mathematical object is a property which determines whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is the displayed result of an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs. Magnitude as a concept dates to Ancient Greece and has been applied as a measure of distance from one object to another. For numbers, the absolute value of a number is commonly applied as the measure of units between a number and zero.

In vector spaces, the Euclidean norm is a measure of magnitude used to define a distance between two points in space. In physics, magnitude can be defined as quantity or distance. An order of magnitude is typically defined as a unit of distance between one number and another's numerical places on the decimal scale.

Absolute value
In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , denoted , is the (non-negative) magnitude of  measured without regard to its sign. Namely,  if  is a positive number, and  if  is negative (in which case negating  makes  positive), and . For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 is also 3. The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero.

Generalisations of the absolute value for real numbers occur in a wide variety of mathematical settings. For example, an absolute value is also defined for the complex numbers, the quaternions, ordered rings, fields and vector spaces. The absolute value is closely related to the notions of magnitude, distance, and norm in various mathematical and physical contexts.
Ioel
Ioel, or Joel (mid 6th century), was a king of the Kingdom of Aksum. He is primarily known through the coins that were minted during his reign. He is one of several Aksumite kings with a Biblical name, the others include Israel, Kaleb, and likely Gersem and Noe; Ioel is named for the Biblical prophet, Joel, author of the Book of Joel.

Based on the typology and quality of metal in his coins, Ioel's reign has been dated firmly after the reign of Kaleb, although authorities differ exactly what order he ruled: Stuart Munro-Hay first dated his reign between Alla Amidas and Wazena, but later between WʽZB and Hataz; while Wolfgang Hahn and Vincent West place him between Gersem and Hataz.

Hataz
Hataz (late 6th or early 7th century AD) was a king of the Kingdom of Aksum. He is primarily known through the coins that were minted during his reign, some of which call him Iathlia. His gold coin calls him Hethasas (Greek ΗΘΑΣΑ).

The exact date of his reign is unclear. The debased nature of his gold and silver coinage clearly place his reign after Kaleb's. However, Stuart Munro-Hay places him between Ioel and Israel, while Wolfgang Hahn argues Hataz was the last king of Axum to mint coins.
The Stars Look Down
The Stars Look Down is a 1935 novel by A. J. Cronin which chronicles various injustices in an English coal mining community. A film version was released in 1940, and television adaptations include both Italian (1971) and British (1975) versions.

The novel is set in 'Sleescale,' a mining town on the coast of Northumberland, as well as in 'Tynecastle' (Newcastle upon Tyne). While 'Sleescale' is a fictional locale, it is based on similar locations throughout the UK. Cronin, a Scot, served as Medical Inspector of Mines in the South Wales Valleys during the 1920s.

Beginning before World War I and extending into the 1930s, the story shows the different careers of several persons: principally, a miner's son who aspires to defend his people politically, a miner who becomes a businessman, and the mine owner's son in conflict with his domineering father.

The Stars Look Down (film)
The Stars Look Down is a British film from 1940, based on A. J. Cronin's 1935 novel of the same title, about injustices in a mining town in North East England. The film, co-scripted by Cronin and directed by Carol Reed, stars Michael Redgrave as Davey Fenwick and Margaret Lockwood as Jenny Sunley. The film is a New York Times Critics' Pick and is listed in The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made.
Anthony Sampson
Anthony Terrell Seward Sampson (3 August 1926 – 18 December 2004) was a British writer and journalist. His most notable and successful book was Anatomy of Britain, which was published in 1962 and was followed by five more "Anatomies", updating the original book under various titles. He was the grandson of the linguist John Sampson, of whom he wrote a biography, The Scholar Gypsy: The Quest For A Family Secret (1997). He also gave Nelson Mandela advice on Mandela's famous 1964 defence speech at the trial which led to his conviction for life.

Anatomy of Britain
Anatomy of Britain was a book written by Anthony Sampson and published by Hodder & Stoughton in 1962. The book is an examination of the purported ruling classes of the United Kingdom, looking at the holders of political, bureaucratic, and financial power. He completely rewrote the book over four decades, thus enabling changes in power structures to be considered over time. Sampson died in 2004, shortly after Who Runs This Place? was published. The published versions were:

Anatomy of Britain (1962) online free

Anatomy of Britain today (1965)

The New Anatomy of Britain (1971)  online free

Changing Anatomy of Britain (1982)

The Essential Anatomy of Britain: Democracy in Crisis  (1992)  online free

Who Runs This Place? The Anatomy of Britain in the 21st Century (2004)
Conifer Grove
Conifer Grove is a suburb of Auckland, in northern New Zealand. Located on the eastern shores of the Pahurehure Inlet, on the Manukau Harbour, under authority of the Auckland Council. Established in 1974 at the former site of a farm, the suburb makes up the western side of the Takanini urban area and is in the Manurewa-Papakura ward of Auckland. It includes the Waiata Shores subdivision developed by Fletcher Living in 2018, at the site of the former Manukau Golf Course.

Pahurehure Inlet
The Pahurehure Inlet is an inlet of the Manukau Harbour of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is one of the three major inlets of the Manukau Harbour, alongside the Māngere Inlet and Waiuku Inlet.
Bhutan national under-17 football team
The Bhutan national under-17 football team represents Bhutan in men's international under-17 football. The team is controlled by the governing body for football in Bhutan, the Bhutan Football Federation, which is currently a member of the Asian Football Federation and the regional body the South Asian Football Federation. The under-17 team has played sporadically since its first foray into international football in 2004, competing exclusively either in the qualifying rounds for the AFC U-17 Asian Cup or the SAFF U-17 Championship. They are one of the weakest teams in their age group within both their continental and regional federations, having never qualified for the competition proper of the AFC U-16 Championship. They have played only nineteen competitive games in their entire history, losing eighteen of them, their only result coming in the form of a 0–0 draw with Pakistan in the 2013 SAFF U-16 Championship, conceding 102 goals along the way whilst scoring only seven in reply.

Pakistan national under-17 football team
The Pakistan national under-17 football team is a youth football team operated under the Pakistan Football Federation. The team represents Pakistan in the AFC U-17 Asian Cup and the SAFF U-17 Championship, winning the latter's inaugural edition, and is yet to qualify for the FIFA U-17 World Cup.
Old Mansion
Old Mansion, originally named "The Bowling Green" by the original landowners, the Hoomes family, is a historic home located in Bowling Green, Caroline County, Virginia. The house was built around 1741.  The original front section is a 1+1⁄2-story, brick structure with a jerkin-head roof and dormers.  A rear frame addition with a gambrel roof was added in the late 18th century.  The building is a private residence.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Bowling Green lent its name to the town of Bowling Green, Virginia. It is included in the Bowling Green Historic District.

Bowling Green, Virginia
Bowling Green is an incorporated town in Caroline County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Bowling Green had a population of 1,168.

The county seat of Caroline County since 1803, Bowling Green is best known as the "cradle of American horse racing", the home of the second-oldest Virginia Masonic Lodge, and the current location of the oldest continuously inhabited residence in Virginia.
Spencer County, Kentucky
Spencer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the total population was 19,490. Its county seat is Taylorsville. The county was founded in 1824 and named for Spier Spencer.

Spencer County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY—IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Taylorsville Lake, located primarily within Spencer County, serves as a major economic resource for the area. Spencer was a dry county until 2009 when the county's residents voted to overturn the ban on alcohol sales. From 2000 to 2005, Spencer County ranked 19th out of all U.S. counties in percent growth, with a 33% increase.

Taylorsville, Kentucky
Taylorsville is a home rule-class city in Spencer County, Kentucky, United States. It is the county seat of Spencer County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 1,256. It was incorporated in 1829.
Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies. PPP is effectively the ratio of the price of a market basket at one location divided by the price of the basket of goods at a different location. The PPP inflation and exchange rate may differ from the market exchange rate because of tariffs and other transaction costs.

The purchasing power parity indicator can be used to compare economies regarding their gross domestic product (GDP), labour productivity and actual individual consumption, and in some cases to analyse price convergence and to compare the cost of living between places. The calculation of the PPP, according to the OECD, is made through a basket of goods that contains a "final product list [that] covers around 3,000 consumer goods and services, 30 occupations in government, 200 types of equipment goods and about 15 construction projects".

Market basket
A market basket or commodity bundle is a fixed list of items, in given proportions.  Its most common use is to track the progress of inflation in an economy or specific market. That is, to measure the changes in the value of money over time.  A market basket is also used with the theory of purchasing price parity to measure the value of money in different places.
Walk Through Exits Only
Walk Through Exits Only is the debut solo album by Pantera frontman  Phil Anselmo and his backing band the Illegals. It was released on July 16, 2013, under Anselmo's own label, Housecore Records.  This album has been compared to Pantera's 1996 album The Great Southern Trendkill due to Anselmo's extreme vocal style and very heavy guitar riffs.

Phil Anselmo
Philip Hansen Anselmo (born June 30, 1968) is an American musician best known as the lead singer for groove metal band Pantera, southern metal supergroup Down, and hardcore band Superjoint, amongst other musical projects. He is the owner of Housecore Records.

Anselmo is regarded as one of the most iconic frontmen in metal history, known for being particularly animated and donning a machismo attitude that became emblematic of the general theme of Pantera. Earlier in his career with the band, Anselmo took considerable inspiration from traditional heavy metal vocalists such as Rob Halford, singing in full head voice. However, he later became recognized for a more abrasive style of vocals, and formed a number of extreme metal projects such as Scour.
Royal Naval Commandos
The Royal Naval Commandos, also known as RN Beachhead Commandos, were a commando formation of the Royal Navy which served during the Second World War. The first units were raised in 1942 and by the end of the war, 22 company-sized units had been raised to carry out various tasks associated with establishing, maintaining and controlling beachheads during amphibious operations. The Beach Commando's principal duty was "the quick and safe turnaround of all boats on the beaches"

Royal Naval Commando parties took part in all Allied amphibious landings from early 1942 to the end of the war, when they were disbanded. Operations included the landings at Diego Suarez on Madagascar, Operation Torch (North Africa), Operation Neptune (Normandy landings), the Screwdriver operations in Burma, Operation Market-Garden, Invasion of Elba (codename Operation Brassard) and the assault on Walcheren.

Battle of Madagascar
The Battle of Madagascar (5 May – 6 November 1942) was an Allied campaign to capture the Vichy French−controlled island Madagascar during World War II. The seizure of the island by the British was to deny Madagascar's ports to the Imperial Japanese Navy and to prevent the loss or impairment of the Allied shipping routes to India, Australia and Southeast Asia. It began with Operation Ironclad, the seizure of the port of Diego-Suarez (now Antsiranana) near the northern tip of the island, on 5 May 1942.

A campaign to secure the rest of the island, Operations Stream, Line and Jane, was opened on 10 September. The Allies broke into the interior, linking up with forces on the coast and secured the island by the end of October. Fighting ceased and an armistice was granted on 6 November. This was the first big operation by the Allies combining sea, land and air forces. The island was placed under Free French control.
Alna Line
The Alna Line (Norwegian: Alnabanen) is a 4.3-kilometer (2.7 mi) railway line between Alnabru and Grefsen in Oslo, Norway. The single track line allows direct access between the Trunk Line and the Gjøvik Line, without having to pass via Oslo Central Station. The line is electrified and is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration. It is exclusively used by freight trains, and allows trains on the Bergen Line to reach Alnabru Freight Terminal.

The line was built along with the Gjøvik Line and was opened on 20 January 1901. The line saw some passenger traffic until the Gjøvik Line was completed to Oslo East Station in 1902. From 1909 the Alna Line has been used for freight trains from Bergen, and the line was electrified in 1961. There have been proposals to make the line part of a diagonal line as part of the Oslo Commuter Rail.

Alnabru station
Alnabru Station (Norwegian: Alnabru stasjon) was a railway station on the Trunk Line located in the Alnabru neighborhood of Oslo, Norway. Situated 6.50 kilometers (4.04 mi) from Oslo Central Station, it was built primarily as a cargo handling station, although it also served passengers. The station building was designed by Finn Ivar Andreas Knudsen.

The station opened on 20 January 1902 at the same time as the Trunk Line received double track. It  was named Alna until 1 May. The Alna Line was built as a branch of the Gjøvik Line, allowing cargo trains to run to Alnabru. The Loenga–Alnabru Line opened in 1907, connecting the Østfold Line to Alnabru. The station remained in service until 14 June 1971. It was thereafter demolished to make room for Alnabru Freight Terminal. The Trunk Line was moved around the terminal and Alna Station opened on it to serve commuter trains.
Chairperson of the Personal Information Protection Commission (South Korea)
The Chairperson of the Personal Information Protection Commission (Korean: 개인정보 보호위원회 위원장; Hanja: 個人情報 保護委員會 委員長; RR: Gaeinjeongbo bohowiwonhoe wiwonjang) is the Chairperson of the Personal Information Protection Commission in South Korea. As head of the commission, the Chairperson represents the Personal Information Protection Commission.

Personal Information Protection Commission (South Korea)
The Personal Information Protection Commission is the national data protection authority of South Korea. It is formed as an independent agency in 2011 by the 'Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA, Korean: 개인정보 보호법)', and is now located in Government Complex Seoul. The Commission is constituted with 9 commissioners and one of them is the Chairperson, who is appointed by the President of South Korea.
Second City Saints
The Second City Saints was an American professional wrestling stable in Ring of Honor, consisting of CM Punk, Colt Cabana and Ace Steel, consisting of all three members representing Chicago, Illinois. They were also managed sporadically by Lucy and Traci Brooks.

The group was formed in 2003 and would feud with Raven, The Prophecy and Generation Next before CM Punk left ROH to wrestle in World Wrestling Entertainment in August 2005. Following Punk's departure, Cabana and Steel teamed together one other time as the Second City Saints, when they competed in a losing effort against Jimmy Rave and Sal Rinauro of The Embassy. Second City Saints enjoyed huge championship success in ROH as Punk held the ROH World Championship once and Punk and Cabana won the Tag Team Championship twice.

Daffney
Shannon Claire Spruill (July 17, 1975 – September 1, 2021), better known by her ring name Daffney, was an American professional wrestler and  wrestling manager.

Daffney began her professional wrestling career at World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1999. In WCW, she was known for her association with David Flair and Crowbar, and became the second woman (after Madusa) to hold the WCW Cruiserweight Championship. She was released by the promotion one month before it was purchased by WWE in 2001. She subsequently appeared on the independent circuit until she signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in 2008. Injuries forced her to retire from wrestling in 2011, but she continued to appear in non-wrestling roles for various promotions until 2018.
Inari, Finland
Inari (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈinɑri]; Inari Sami: Aanaar; Inari Sami pronunciation: [ˈɑːnɑːr]; Skolt Sami: Aanar Skolt Sami pronunciation: [ˈɑːnɑr]Northern Sami: Anár Northern Sami pronunciation: [ˈɑnar]; Norwegian and Swedish: Enare; Russian: Инари) is Finland's largest municipality by area (but one of the most sparsely populated), with four official languages, more than any other in the country. Its major sources of income are tourism, service industry, and cold climate testing. With the Siida museum in the village of Inari, it is a center of Sámi culture, widely known as the "capital of Sámi culture".

The airport in Ivalo and the country's key north-south European Route E75 (Finland's National Road 4) bring summer and winter vacationers seeking resorts with access to a well-preserved, uncrowded natural environment.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Karna Kadur
Karna Kadur (born 24 June 1988) is an Indian National Rally driver from Karnataka. He began with National racing series and also achieved immense success in Indian rallying with seven National rally titles in different classes. He won three Overall National Rally Championship victories 2016,2022 & 2024 with Arka Motorsports. He is with Arka Motorsports and drives in MRF Tyres colours under the mentorship of N Leelakrishnan, his mentor, engineer and tuner. He is also the first driver to get a National Championship title for Volkswagen Polo along with co-driver Nikhil Pai.

Indian National Rally Championship
Indian National Rally Championship (INRC) is a rallying National Championship in different classes with a series of rounds, organised under the aegis of the Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India (FMSCI), which is the Governing Body or ASN of India recognised by FIA culminating with National Champion Driver and Co-Driver. The driver and co-drivers's championship are based on a point system. The championship first received its National Championship title status in 1988. Karna Kadur and co-driver Musa Sherif became the 2024 National champions after winning the Overall title at Tumakuru on 15 December 2024. He drives for Team Arka Motorsports in a Volkswagen Polo R2 (FIA Rally4). The 2024 National Championship began in Chennai from 15 March 2024 with the South India Rally (SIR) which is also a round of the APRC Asia Cup.
The Royal Society (album)
The Royal Society is the second album by the British rock band The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster, released in the UK on 25 October 2004 on the No Death label.

It was produced by Chris Goss of Masters of Reality. The album is a lot longer and less frantic than its immediate predecessor, showing the band's progression.

This is the last album to feature Andy Huxley on guitar.

The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster
The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster (often referred to as Eighties Matchbox, 80s Matchbox, TEMBD, TEMBLD or shortened to just Eighties or 80s) were an English rock band from Brighton, formed in 1999. They released three albums, Hörse of the Dög (2002), The Royal Society (2004) and Blood and Fire (2010).
Abhirami Pattar
Abhirami Pattar born (Tamil: சுப்பிரமணிய ஐயர்) Subramaniya Iyer was a Hindu saint from the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He is famed as the author of a collection of hymns called Abhirami Anthadhi which is widely regarded as one of the foremost works of modern Tamil literature.

Abirami Antati
Abirami Antati (Tamil: அபிராமி அந்தாதி, romanized: Apirāmi Antāti) is a Tamil collection of poems sung on goddess Abirami, a deity venerated in Thirukkadaiyur Amirtaghatesvarar Sivan Temple, situated in Tamil Nadu, India. This poetry was composed by Abirami Bhattar (His birth name was Subramanyam Iyer) who lived during the 18th century CE, a contemporary to Serfoji I of Tanjore.
Norman Petty Recording Studios
Norman Petty Recording Studios is a music recording studio in Clovis, New Mexico, first established by Norman Petty in 1954. Petty's studio became part of the rock and roll and rockabilly movement of the 1950s, serving as a recording location for Buddy Holly and the Crickets and the Fireballs, among others.

The Fireballs
The Fireballs, sometimes billed as Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs, were an American rock and roll group, particularly popular at the end of the 1950s and in the early 1960s. The original line-up consisted of George Tomsco (lead guitar), Chuck Tharp (vocals), Stan Lark (bass), Eric Budd (drums), and Dan Trammell (rhythm guitar). Besides their own recordings, the Fireballs were studio musicians for dozens of other recording artist projects from 1959 through 1970 at Norman Petty Recording Studios, including folk singer Carolyn Hester and Arthur Alexander.