hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mandatory Work Activity
Mandatory Work Activity (MWA) was a workfare programme in the United Kingdom whereby individuals had to work for their benefits or risk being "sanctioned" and losing them. MWA started in May 2011, but in November 2015 the DWP confirmed it was "not renewing" it. An academic analysis by the Department for Work and Pensions cast doubt on the effectiveness of MWA, and despite finding "little evidence" that workfare improved claimants gaining paid employment, the DWP ignored the findings of the study, and in June 2012, the scheme received a £5m expansion. A similar but little-known scheme "Jobseeker Mandatory Activity" (JMA)
 was piloted by New Labour in 2006, but did not last beyond 2008. JMA targeted those claimants 25 and over, who had been unemployed for 6 months or more and made claimants liable to "sanction" for non-compliance.

Workfare in the United Kingdom
Workfare in the United Kingdom is a system of welfare regulations put into effect by UK governments at various times. Individuals subject to workfare must undertake work in return for their welfare benefit payments or risk losing them. Workfare policies are politically controversial. Supporters claim that such policies help people move off welfare and into employment whereas critics argue that they are analogous to slavery or indentured servitude and counterproductive in decreasing unemployment.
Bure Valley Railway
The Bure Valley Railway is a 15 in (381 mm) minimum gauge visitors' attraction in Norfolk, England. It was created on the original disused trackbed of a standard gauge railway to incorporate a new, adjacent pedestrian footpath.

The railway runs from Wroxham to Aylsham (9 miles or 14.5 kilometres) and is Norfolk's second longest heritage railway. It uses both steam and diesel locomotives but has recently purchased a Battery Electric Locomotive to join the fleet.  There are intermediate halts at Brampton, Buxton and Coltishall.  There are 17 bridges, including a 105-foot (32 m)-long girder bridge over the River Bure in Buxton with Lammas, and the Aylsham Bypass Tunnel under the A140 at Aylsham.

The railway is listed as exempt from the UK Railways (Interoperability) Regulations 2000.

Buxton with Lamas
Buxton with Lamas is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It includes the villages of Buxton to the west of the River Bure, Lamas on the eastern side of the river, and the hamlet of Little Hautbois.

The River Bure is crossed by the Bure Valley Railway on a 105-foot (32 m) long girder bridge. Buxton has a halt on the railway. The former railway station on the Great Eastern Railway was called Buxton Lamas and closed in the 1960s. Buxton Watermill is on the river.

For local government purposes, the two villages jointly elect Buxton with Lamas Parish Council, and fall within the area covered by Broadland District Council. The civil parish had a population of 1,684 at the 2011 census.
BBC South East Today
BBC South East Today is the BBC South East regional television news programme, serving Kent, East Sussex, part of West Sussex and a small part of Surrey. Prior to its launch on 3 September 2001, most of the viewers in the region received Newsroom South East, though some had been receiving South Today.

South East Today is produced and broadcast live from the BBC's South East Regional Production Centre in Royal Tunbridge Wells with district reporters covering Brighton, Canterbury, Chatham, Dover and Hastings.

BBC South East
BBC South East is the BBC English region serving Kent, East Sussex (including the City of Brighton and Hove), parts of West Sussex and Surrey.

The BBC region was created in September 2001 by the joining of the Heathfield transmitter (formerly part of the BBC South region) with the Bluebell Hill and Dover transmitters (from the then BBC London and South East region) to form a new regional TV service. Unlike ITV Meridian (East), it does not provide local news for southern Essex (received from a Bluebell Hill overlap), this area being part of the BBC London region instead.
Archery
Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows. The word comes from the Latin arcus, meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In modern times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational activity. A person who practices archery is typically called an archer, bowman, or toxophilite.

Arrow
An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow. A typical arrow usually consists of a long, stiff, straight shaft with a weighty (and usually sharp and pointed) arrowhead attached to the front end, multiple fin-like stabilizers called fletchings mounted near the rear, and a slot at the rear end called a nock for engaging the bowstring. A container or bag carrying additional arrows for convenient reloading is called a quiver.

The use of bows and arrows by humans predates recorded history and is common to most cultures. A craftsman who makes arrows is a fletcher, and one who makes arrowheads is an arrowsmith.
Sattam Oru Iruttarai
Sattam Oru Iruttarai (transl. The Law is a Dark Room) is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language vigilante action film written and directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar, from a story by his wife Shoba. The film stars Vijayakanth, Poornima Devi and Vasumathi, with Sangili Murugan, Nithin and Chowdry in supporting roles. It revolves around a man who seeks to kill three men to avenge his father and elder sister, while his other sister, a police inspector, wants to thwart them the legal way.

Sattam Oru Iruttarai is the second film directed by Chandrasekhar. It was released on 14 February 1981, and became a major commercial success, inspiring more  Tamil films with themes about the law system which were mostly directed by Chandrasekhar. The film was remade in Telugu as Chattaniki Kallu Levu (1981), in Malayalam as Maattuvin Chattangale (1982), in Kannada as Nyaya Ellide (1982), in Hindi as Andhaa Kaanoon (1983) and again in Tamil under the same title (2012).

Chattaniki Kallu Levu
Chattaniki Kallu Levu (transl. The Law Does Not Have Eyes) is a 1981 Indian Telugu-language vigilante action film directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar. The film stars Chiranjeevi, Madhavi, Lakshmi, Hema Sundar and Kannada Prabhakar in important roles. It is a remake of Chandrasekhar's 1981 Tamil film Sattam Oru Iruttarai. The film was released on 30 October 1981 and became a commercial success.
George Fraska
George Fraska (Hosni) (born August 3, 1975) is a songwriter and producer, who was born in Monrovia, Liberia, Africa. He is known for his role as lead vocalist, guitarist, and drummer for several underground bands such as Startled Calf, The Smiley Kids, Four!, the Scooterz and many other projects. Including an Operation Ivy coverband called The Freeze Up's and a Minor Threat coverband called Minor Treat.

Omar Rodríguez-López
Omar Alfredo Rodríguez-López (born September 1, 1975) is a Puerto Rican guitarist, songwriter, record producer and filmmaker. He has formed or played in several bands, including The Mars Volta, At the Drive-In, Antemasque, and Bosnian Rainbows. He was the bassist for the dub band De Facto. He is also known for his extensive solo career, which includes over fifty individual releases, and is frequently described as experimental, avant-garde, or progressive. He has also collaborated with numerous artists, such as Damo Suzuki, John Frusciante, Hans Zimmer, Buzz Osborne, Lydia Lunch, Zach Hill, El-P, Mon Laferte and Calle 13.
Princess Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg
Princess Christine of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (Christine Henriette; 21 November 1717 – 1 September 1778) was a princess of the German dynasty of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg. She was the Princess of Carignano by marriage and mother of the princesse de Lamballe and of Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignan.

Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano
Victor Amadeus of Savoy, 5th Prince of Carignano (31 October 1743 – 10 September 1780) was a member of the House of Savoy and Prince of Carignano. He was the brother of the murdered princesse de Lamballe and grandfather of King Charles Albert of Sardinia.
Jat Muslim
Jat Muslim, or Musalman Jats (Punjabi: مسلمان جٹ; Sindhi: مسلمان جتcode: snd promoted to code: sd ), are an elastic and diverse ethnoreligious subgroup of the Jat people, who follow Islam and are native to the northwestern Indian subcontinent. They are primarily found in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab, Sindh and Azad Kashmir. A small minority is also present in India's Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh, where they are referred to as Muley Jats.

The Jats began embracing Islam during the medieval period, influenced in part by Sufi teachings. According to the Jawahir-i-Faridi, Jat clans such as the Khokhars, Bhattis, Dhudhis, Hans, Johiyas, and Wattus converted during the time of Baba Farid. The process of conversion was gradual.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Kingdom Caledonian Amateur Football Association
The Kingdom Caledonian Amateur Football Association (KCAFA) was a football (soccer) league competition for amateur clubs in the Fife area of Scotland. It was formed in 1984 when the top sides from the East Fife A.F.A. and the Kirkcaldy & District A. F. L. broke away and amalgamated with the aim of creating a highly competitive league with fewer games in an effort to raise the quality and the profile of amateur football in Fife. The association was affiliated to the Scottish Amateur Football Association.

The association was composed of one single division, the Kingdom Caledonian Football League. The league folded in 2017 and merged with the Fife Amateur Football Association to create the Kingdom of Fife AFA.

Fife Amateur Football Association
The Fife Amateur Football Association (FAFA) was a football (soccer) league competition for amateur clubs in the Fife peninsula of Scotland. The association is affiliated to the Scottish Amateur Football Association. The association had three divisions.

The league folded in 2017 and merged with the Kingdom Caledonian Amateur Football Association to create the Kingdom of Fife AFA.
Nashua River
The Nashua River, 37.5 miles (60.4 km) long, is a tributary of the Merrimack River in Massachusetts and New Hampshire in the United States. It is formed in eastern Worcester County, Massachusetts, at the confluence of the North Nashua River and South Nashua River, and flows generally north-northeast past Groton to join the Merrimack at Nashua, New Hampshire. The Nashua River watershed occupies a major portion of north-central Massachusetts and a much smaller portion of southern New Hampshire.

The North Nashua River rises west of Fitchburg and Westminster. It flows about 30 miles (48 km) generally southeast past Fitchburg, and joins the South Nashua River, shown on USGS topographic maps as the main stem of the Nashua River, about 5 miles (8 km) below its issuance from the Wachusett Reservoir.

North Nashua River
The North Nashua River is a river in northern Massachusetts. It rises from the Whitman River and Phillips Brook in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. It flows 19.9 miles (32.0 km), generally southeastward, past Fitchburg and joins the South Nashua River, about 5 miles (8.0 km) below its issuance from the Wachusett Reservoir, to form the Nashua River.
Brian Alvey
Brian Alvey (born March 6, 1970, in Falls Church, Virginia) is an American serial entrepreneur, programmer, designer and blogger. He grew up in Brooklyn and now lives in San Francisco where he is the CTO of Automattic's WordPress VIP Platform. He is best known for co-founding the blog publishing company Weblogs, Inc. with Jason Calacanis.

Weblogs, Inc.
Weblogs, Inc. was a blog network that published content on a variety of subjects, including tech news, video games, automobiles, and pop culture. At one point, the network had as many as 90 blogs, although the vast majority of its traffic could be attributed to a smaller number of breakout titles, as was typical of most large-scale successful blog networks of the mid-2000s. Popular blogs included Engadget, Autoblog, TUAW, Joystiq, Luxist, Slashfood, Cinematical, TV Squad, Download Squad, Blogging Baby, Gadling, AdJab, and Blogging Stocks.

Today, Engadget and Autoblog are the only remaining brands from the company.
WiBro
WiBro (wireless broadband) was a wireless broadband Internet technology developed by the South Korean telecoms industry. WiBro is the South Korean service name for IEEE 802.16e (mobile WiMAX) international standard. Usage of the service declined due to competition from LTE and WiBro services were officially discontinued at the end of 2018.

IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.16 is a series of wireless broadband standards written by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE Standards Board  established a working group in 1999 to develop standards for broadband for wireless metropolitan area networks. The Workgroup is a unit of the IEEE 802 local area network and metropolitan area network standards committee.

Although the 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN in IEEE, it has been commercialized under the name "WiMAX" (from "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access") by the WiMAX Forum industry alliance. The Forum promotes and certifies compatibility and interoperability of products based on the IEEE 802.16 standards.

The 802.16e-2005 amendment was implemented and deployed around the world as of 2009.
The version IEEE 802.16-2009 was amended by IEEE 802.16j-2009.
World Made by Hand
World Made by Hand is a dystopian and social science fiction novel by American author James Howard Kunstler, published in 2008. Set in the fictional town of Union Grove, New York, the novel follows a cast of characters as they navigate a world stripped of its modern comforts, ravaged by terrorism, epidemics, and the economic upheaval of peak oil, all of which are exacerbated by global warming.

World Made by Hand is followed by three sequels in the series, The Witch of Hebron (2010), A History of the Future (2014) and The Harrows Of Spring (2016).

A History of the Future (novel)
A History of the Future is the third installment in American author and social critic James Howard Kunstler's A World Made by Hand series. As Christmas Day approaches, a double murder challenges an improvised justice system, and a young man returns after a two-year journey with his own story to tell.

It is the third book in a novel series that includes The Witch of Hebron (2010) and The Harrows of Spring (2016).
Te Awamutu railway station
Te Awamutu was a temporary terminus, serving the border town of Te Awamutu, on the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) in New Zealand from 1880, when the line was extended from Ōhaupō, until 1887, when the line was extended south to Ōtorohanga.

Te Awamutu
Te Awamutu is a town in the Waikato region in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the council seat of the Waipā District and serves as a service town for the farming communities which surround it. Te Awamutu is located some 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Hamilton on State Highway 3, one of the two main routes south from Auckland and Hamilton.

Te Awamutu has a population of 13,950 (June 2025), making it the fifth-largest urban area in the Waikato behind Hamilton, Taupō, Cambridge and Tokoroa.

The town is often referred to as "The Rose Town of New Zealand" because of its elaborate rose gardens in the centre of the town. Many local businesses use "Rosetown" in their name, and the symbol of the rose is widely used on local signs and billboards. The local paper, Te Awamutu Courier, had a symbol of a rose in the masthead on its front page.
Hypnagogia
Hypnagogia is the transitional state from wakefulness to sleep, also defined as the waning state of consciousness during the onset of sleep. Its corresponding state is hypnopompia‍—‍‌sleep to wakefulness. Mental phenomena that may occur during this "threshold consciousness" include hallucinations, lucid dreaming, and sleep paralysis.

Hypnopompia
Hypnopompia (also known as hypnopompic state) is the state of consciousness leading out of sleep, a term coined by the psychical researcher Frederic Myers. Its mirror is the hypnagogic state at sleep onset; though often conflated, the two states are not identical and have a different phenomenological character. Hypnopompic and hypnagogic hallucinations are frequently accompanied by sleep paralysis, which is a state wherein one is consciously aware of one's surroundings but unable to move or speak.
Ishka
Ishka is a fictional character from the science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (DS9).  A female Ferengi, she is the mother of Quark (Armin Shimerman) and Rom (Max Grodénchik).  Ishka appears in five canon episodes of DS9, and also features in seven licensed-but-non-canon Star Trek novels.

Conceptualized as a feminist character, Ishka was played by Andrea Martin once and Cecily Adams four times.  Both actresses endured a lot of makeup, prostheses, and costuming.  Adams loved the character, and was stunned by the positive fan reaction to Ishka.

Rom (Star Trek)
Rom is a recurring character on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. He is played by Max Grodénchik.

Rom is a Ferengi, the son of Keldar and Ishka. He is Quark's younger brother, and the father of Nog. On the show he is often used for comic relief, but also grows in importance as the show progresses. In the early seasons, he works at Quark's bar, becoming a technician under Chief O'Brien later in the show's run.
Takapau
Takapau is a rural town in the Central Hawkes Bay in New Zealand.  It is located 20 kilometres west of Waipukurau, off State Highway 2, and has a population of more than 500.

Takapau was founded following a survey of the Oruawharo station. The Johnston family, who owned the Oruawharo station, helped establish many civic and religious institutions within the town.

Oruawharo Homestead
The Oruawharo Homestead is an historic Italianate homestead in the Takapau Plains, New Zealand. The homestead was designed by Charles Tringham for John Johnston, a wealthy upper-class landowner, who wanted a magnificent home for his newly-wed son, Sydney.

During the First World War the station housed a Territorial Army Camp, with officers housed in the homestead. A riot broke out at the camp, although it was swiftly put down. The Oruawharo station remained in family ownership, until the death of an heir led to the property eventually being gifted to the Catholic Church, who used the property to train nuns and house the Sisters of the Presentation. The Catholic Church eventually returned the property to the administrators of the estate who leased the property until eventually selling it in 2000. Following the sale the property was restored and it serves as a function centre and tourist attraction.

The property is registered as a category 1 building with Heritage New Zealand.
Old Cairo
Old Cairo (Arabic: مصر القديمة, romanized: Miṣr al-Qadīma, Egyptian pronunciation: Maṣr El-ʾAdīma) ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ is a historic area in Cairo, Egypt, which includes the site of a Roman-era fortress, the Christian settlement of Coptic Cairo, and the Muslim-era settlement of Fustat that pre-dates the founding of Cairo proper in 969 AD. It is part of what is referred to as Historic Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Miṣr al-Qadīma is also a modern administrative district in the Southern Area of Cairo, encompassing the area from the Cairo Aqueduct to the north, to the Ring Road in the south, and from the Khalifa cemetery to the east, to the Nile Corniche in the west, as well as Roda Island, or Manial al-Roda. It had 250,313 residents according to the 2017 census.

Babylon Fortress
30°0′22″N 31°13′47″E﻿ / ﻿30.00611°N 31.22972°E﻿ / 30.00611; 31.22972

Babylon Fortress (Arabic: حصن بابليون; Coptic: ⲡⲁⲃⲓⲗⲱⲛ or Ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ) is an ancient Roman fortress on the eastern bank of the Nile Delta, located in the area known today as Old Cairo or Coptic Cairo. The fortress was built circa 300 AD by Emperor Diocletian in order to protect the entrance to an ancient canal, previously rebuilt by Trajan, that linked the Nile with the Red Sea.

It was at the boundary between Lower and Middle Egypt, where the river craft paid tolls when ascending or descending the Nile. Within the fortress's former enclosure are the present-day Coptic Museum, a convent, and several churches, including the Church of St. George and the Hanging Church.
Alone in the Dark (2005 film)
Alone in the Dark is a 2005 action horror film directed by Uwe Boll and written by Elan Mastai, Michael Roesch, and Peter Scheerer. Based on the video game series of the same name, it stars Christian Slater, Tara Reid, and Stephen Dorff as paranormal investigators who combat a supernatural threat. The film's story is a loose adaptation of the game Alone in the Dark: The New Nightmare (2001).

Upon release, the film was poorly received by critics for the story, dialogue, special effects, and Reid's performance. Holding a 1% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes,  Alone in the Dark is considered one of the worst films ever made. It was also a box-office bomb, grossing $12.7 million on a $20 million budget, although the home media releases were more successful. A sequel with a different cast and story was released to home media in 2008; Boll served as a producer.

Alone in the Dark
Alone in the Dark is a survival horror video game series originally developed by Infogrames. In most of the games, the player controls private investigator Edward Carnby, who goes to investigate a haunted house or town that is full of undead creatures.

The series, particularly for its debut game, is widely acknowledged as an early instance of survival horror video games and (along with Sweet Home) is often credited with the creation of the genre. The original story was based on the writings of H. P. Lovecraft; later games in the series drew inspiration from other sources including voodoo, the Wild West, and the works of H. R. Giger. Seven installments of the series have been created, with various themes and locations. Two comic books and two films were created based upon the games.

In September 2018, Atari SA sold the Alone in the Dark franchise to THQ Nordic.

As of 2007, over 6 million units have been sold.