hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Organization of Turkic States
The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental organization comprising all but one of the internationally recognized Turkic sovereign states: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan; while Hungary, Turkmenistan and Northern Cyprus are observers. Its overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among the Turkic peoples. First proposed by Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009 in Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is located in Turkey's Istanbul.

In addition to Turkmenistan, the organization has also admitted Hungary and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as observers, although the latter is only recognized by Turkey.

During the 8th summit in Istanbul in 2021, the organization was restructured and adopted its current name.

TURKPA
The TURKPA in full, the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States, is an international organization comprising some of the Turkic countries. It was founded on 21 November 2008 in Istanbul. The General Secretariat is in Baku, Azerbaijan. The member countries are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey. Hungary and Northern Cyprus are observers.
Crystal Mountain, Michigan
Crystal Mountain is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Benzie County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 73 at the 2020 census. Crystal Mountain is located within Weldon Township.

The CDP includes the Crystal Mountain Resort & Spa and Michigan Legacy Art Park.

Weldon Township, Michigan
Weldon Township is a civil township of Benzie County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 579 at the 2020 census. The township is in the south central portion of the county. One half of the village of Thompsonville is located in the township, as well as the entire census-designated place of Crystal Mountain, containing the Crystal Mountain Resort, is in the southern part of the township.
Second Chances (American TV series)
Second Chances is an American drama television series created and written by producers Bernard Lechowick and Lynn Marie Latham. The two-hour pilot episode was directed by Sharron Miller. Its cast includes Connie Sellecca, Matt Salinger, Megan Follows, Jennifer Lopez, and Michelle Phillips. The series premiered December 2, 1993, on CBS, and aired its final episode on February 19, 1994. Hotel Malibu, which was touted as a spinoff of this series, debuted in August 1994.

This series marked a reunion between actors Ronny Cox and Frances Lee McCain who had worked together two decades before on another CBS series called Apple's Way.

Megan Follows
Megan Elizabeth Laura Diana Follows (/ˈmiːɡən/ MEE-gən; born March 14, 1968) is a Canadian actress and director. She is known for her role as Anne Shirley in the 1985 Canadian television miniseries Anne of Green Gables and its two sequels. From 2013 to 2017, she starred as Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France, in the television drama series Reign.
Cao Jie (eunuch)
Cao Jie (fl.125–181), courtesy name Hanfeng, was a Chinese court eunuch and politician during the Eastern Han dynasty. He rose to power during the reign of Emperor Ling (r.  168–189). He was involved in a power struggle against a rival faction led by Dou Wu and Chen Fan during the reign of Emperor Huan (r.  146–168) and early reign of Emperor Ling. His son-in-law Feng Fang later became one of the 8 colonels of the Army of the Western Garden.

In the beginning of the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Jie is listed as one of the Ten Attendants even though historically he was not a member of the group.

Dou Wu
Dou Wu (Chinese: 竇武; died 25 October 168), courtesy name Youping (游平), was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Eastern Han dynasty. He was known as a Confucian scholar and served as a low-level official during the reign of Emperor Huan until his daughter Dou Miao was elevated from imperial consort to empress, which caused him to be promoted, eventually to become one of the most important imperial officials when his daughter became empress dowager and regent for Emperor Ling. He, along with Chen Fan, attempted to curb the eunuchs' power and install Confucian scholars in imperial government, but after a plot by him and Chen to exterminate the most powerful eunuchs was discovered, he was defeated in battle and committed suicide.
Hugo W. Koehler
Hugo William Koehler (July 19, 1886 – June 17, 1941) (pronounced [ˈkøːlɐ]) was a United States Navy commander, secret agent and socialite. Following the First World War, he served as an Office of Naval Intelligence and State Department operative in Russia during its civil war, and later as naval attaché to Poland. He was rumored to be the illegitimate son of the Crown Prince of Austria and to have assisted the Romanovs in fleeing Russia following the revolution of 1917. He was awarded the Navy Cross for his service during World War I and was the step-father of United States Senator Claiborne Pell (1918–2009).

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Te Rangi-ita (Ngāti Tūwharetoa)
Te Rangi-ita was a Māori ariki (chieftain) of Ngāti Tūwharetoa from the region around Lake Taupō, New Zealand. He participated with bravery in the Ngāti Tama-Ngāti Tūwharetoa War, fought off an invasion by the Ngāti Raukawa chieftain Te Ata-inutai, and forged a peace through his marriage to Te Ata-inutai's daughter, Waitapu. Through their children, he is an ancestor of many hapū of Ngāti Tūwharetoa, including Ngāti Te Rangiita, the main hapū on the south shore of Lake Taupō, where the town of Te Rangi-ita is named after him. He probably lived in the early seventeenth century.

Pare-kāwa
Pare-kāwa was a Māori rangatira (chieftain) of Ngāti Tūwharetoa from the region around Lake Taupō, New Zealand. She is the ancestor of the Ngāti Parekāwa hapū. She probably lived in the mid-seventeenth century.
Louisa Ulrika of Prussia
Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (Swedish: Lovisa Ulrika; German: Luise Ulrike; 24 July 1720 - 16 July 1782) was Queen of Sweden from 1751 to 1771. She was married to king Adolf Frederick and she was queen mother during the reign of king Gustav III.

Charles XIII
Charles XIII or Carl XIII (Swedish: Karl XIII; 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818) was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son (and younger brother to King Gustav III) of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.

Though known as King Charles XIII in Sweden, he was actually the seventh Swedish king by that name, as Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden. In Norway, he is known as Charles II.
Eddie Grey
Edward Ian Gray (21 December 1918 – 21 September 2004) was a Sri Lankan sportsman and a police officer. Gray was a former Inspector of Police (IP) and the first Ceylonese head of the Police Mounted Section. He also served as the Secretary of the National Olympic Committee of Ceylon.

Sri Lanka Police Mounted Division
The Sri Lanka Police Mounted Division is the mounted division of the Sri Lanka Police. The responsibility of the division is to conduct safe policing of crowd control at large public order events and provide ceremonial escorts.  The police mounted division is under purview of the DIG - Colombo Range and control of a SSP - Mounted Division and has a strength of two Inspectors, four Sub-Inspectors, 10 sergeants, 34 constables with 60 horses.
Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
Idlewild (novel)
Idlewild is a science fiction novel by American writer Nick Sagan, published in 2003. It is the first of a trilogy, with sequels Edenborn and Everfree. The story is split between two settings: the middle of the 21st century (told through interludes and distinguished from the main story by italics) and a generation later. It is a picture of the last ten people on earth, a near-complete pantheon of gods and goddesses.

Edenborn
Edenborn is a 2004 science fiction novel by American writer Nick Sagan. It is the sequel to Idlewild, and takes place 18 years after that book. The sequel to this book and the final installment of the trilogy is Everfree.
Aviadvigatel PD-14
The Aviadvigatel PD-14 (Russian: Авиадвигатель ПД-14) is a wide family of high-bypass turbofan engines that was developed by Aviadvigatel to power the Yakovlev MC-21 twin-jet airliner. Previously known as the PS-12, it is a 14 tf (30,865 lbf) thrust powerplant that allegedly features many new technologies. The goal of the program was to develop a modern fuel efficient power plant capable of competing with modern Western engines. A substantial focus has been placed on fuel economy, emissions and international serviceability, areas of traditional weakness for Russian engines such as the Aviadvigatel PS-90. The engines certification testing remains ongoing in 2026, however current performance claims put the engine on par with the CFM International LEAP and about 5% behind the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G in fuel economy.

Aviadvigatel
UEC-Aviadvigatel JSC (Russian: АО ОДК-Авиадвигатель, lit. 'Aeroengine') is a Russian developer and builder of aircraft engines, most notably jet engines for commercial aircraft. Based at the Perm Engine Plant, its products power the Ilyushin Il-76MF, Ilyushin Il-96, Tupolev Tu-204, and Tupolev Tu-214. It also designs and builds high-efficiency gas turbine units for electric power stations and for gas pumping plants. The company has its background in the Experimental Design Bureau-19 plant, set up to manufacture aircraft engines.
Tannan Domain
Tannan Domain (丹南藩, Tannan-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kawachi Province in what is now the southeastern  portion of modern-day Osaka Prefecture. It was centered around Tannan jin'ya  in what is now the city of Matsubara and was controlled by the fudai daimyō Takagi clan all of its history.

Kawachi Province
Kawachi Province (河内国, Kawachi no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.wa.tɕi (no kɯ.ɲi)], locally [ka.wa.tɕiꜜ]) was a province of Japan in the eastern part of modern Osaka Prefecture. It originally held the southwestern area that was split off into Izumi Province. It was also known as Kashū (河州).
Bevo (drink)
Bevo was a non-alcoholic malt beverage, or near beer, brewed in the United States by the Anheuser-Busch company beginning in the early 20th century. Bevo enjoyed its greatest success during the time of Prohibition, when beer, wine and distilled liquors were made illegal for thirteen years.

Low-alcohol beer
Low-alcohol beer is beer with little or no alcohol by volume that aims to reproduce the taste of beer while eliminating or reducing the inebriating effect, carbohydrates, and calories of regular alcoholic brews. Low-alcohol beers can come in different beer styles such as lagers, stouts, and ales. Low-alcohol beer is also known as light beer, non-alcoholic beer, small beer, small ale, or near-beer.
Minnesota Alcohol and Gambling Enforcement Division
The Minnesota Alcohol and Gambling Enforcement Division (AGED) is a law enforcement agency within the Minnesota Department of Public Safety charged with regulation of alcoholic beverages and gambling, within the U.S. state of Minnesota.

The Alcohol Enforcement Unit issues alcohol manufacturing and wholesale licenses, and approval of some retail licenses. In addition agents investigate compliance with state alcohol laws and regulations, and investigate alcohol-related complaints. The Gambling Enforcement Unit conducts criminal and gaming license background investigations, and monitors the 18 tribal casinos in the state for compliance with the state-tribal compacts. Special investigators conduct inspection and compliance visits to licensed liquor and gambling establishments to ensure compliance with the state liquor and gambling laws and rules.

Minnesota Department of Public Safety
The Minnesota Department of Public Safety (DPS) is a department of the State of Minnesota in the United States. DPS is an enforcement, licensing and services agency that develops and operates programs in the areas of law enforcement, traffic safety, alcohol and gambling, fire safety, driver licensing, vehicle registration, emergency management and public safety information. The department coordinates the functions and services of the state relating to the safety and convenience of its citizens.
Tian Gang
Tian Gang (Chinese: 田刚; born November 24, 1958) is a Chinese mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at Peking University and Higgins Professor Emeritus at Princeton University. He is known for contributions to the mathematical fields of Kähler geometry, Gromov-Witten theory, and geometric analysis.

As of 2020, he is the Vice Chairman of the China Democratic League and the President of the Chinese Mathematical Society. From 2017 to 2019 he served as the Vice President of Peking University.

Kähler manifold
In mathematics and especially differential geometry, a Kähler manifold is a manifold with three mutually compatible structures: a complex structure, a Riemannian structure, and a symplectic structure. The concept was first studied by Jan Arnoldus Schouten and David van Dantzig in 1930, and then introduced by Erich Kähler in 1933. The terminology has been fixed by André Weil. Kähler geometry refers to the study of Kähler manifolds, their geometry and topology, as well as the study of structures and constructions that can be performed on Kähler manifolds, such as the existence of special connections like Hermitian Yang–Mills connections, or special metrics such as Kähler–Einstein metrics.

Every smooth complex projective variety is a Kähler manifold. Hodge theory is a central part of algebraic geometry, proved using Kähler metrics.
Aquia Church
Aquia Church is an historic church and congregation at 2938 Richmond Highway (US 1 at VA 610) in Stafford, Virginia, USA.  It is an Episcopal congregation founded in 1711, that meets in an architecturally exceptional Georgian brick building that was built in the 1750s.  The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991 for its architectural importance. It maintains an active congregation with a variety of programs and outreach to the community.

Stafford, Virginia
Stafford, also known as Stafford Courthouse, is a census-designated place in and the county seat of Stafford County, Virginia, United States. The population was 5,370 as of the 2020 census. It lies 10 miles (16 km) north of Fredericksburg, approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Washington, D.C., and about 60 miles (97 km) north of Richmond, the state capital. Marine Corps Base Quantico is located north of the community. Stafford Courthouse is located at the intersections of U.S. Route 1 and Courthouse Road.
Pilotage Act 1987
The Pilotage Act 1987 (c. 21) is a UK act of Parliament that governs the operation of maritime pilotage. The act repealed the previous pilotage legislation in its entirety, the Pilotage Act 1983 (c. 21), which itself had repealed the Pilotage Act 1913 (2 & 3 Geo. 5. c. 31).

Maritime pilot
A maritime pilot, marine pilot, harbor pilot, port pilot, ship pilot, or simply pilot, is a mariner who has specific knowledge of an often dangerous or congested waterway, such as harbors or river mouths. Maritime pilots know local details such as depth, currents, and hazards. They board and temporarily join the crew to safely guide the ship's passage, so they must also have expertise in handling ships of all types and sizes. Obtaining the title "maritime pilot" requires being licensed or authorised by a recognised pilotage authority.
Campobello Island
Campobello Island (/ˌkæmpəˈbɛloʊ/, also US: /-poʊˈ-/) is the largest and only inhabited island in Campobello Parish in Charlotte County in southwestern New Brunswick, Canada, near the border with Maine, United States. It is the site of the Roosevelt Campobello International Park, Head Harbour Lighthouse, and of Herring Cove Provincial Park.

It has been an incorporated rural community since 2010 and is a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC).

In 1770, the island was granted to Capt. William Owen, who named it in honour of Lord William Campbell, who was governor of Nova Scotia, and noting "Campo Bello" meant "Beautiful Field" in Italian.

Deer Island (New Brunswick)
Deer Island is one of the Fundy Islands at the entrance to Passamaquoddy Bay in the Bay of Fundy, Canada.  Settled in the 18th century primarily by Loyalists fleeing the United States, it remains a fishing settlement built around fishing, aquaculture, herring weirs and lobster pounds. The Old Sow tidal whirlpool, the largest in the western hemisphere, is off its southern coast.

Although it has only a third the population it had before the 1950s, the "quiet and reposeful" Deer Island is the main centre of West Isles Parish and falls under the Southwest NB Regional Service Commission.
Karl Widerquist
Karl Widerquist (/ˈwaɪdərkwɪst/) is an American political philosopher and economist at Georgetown University on its campus in Qatar. He is best known as an advocate of basic income, but is also an interdisciplinary academic writer who has published in journals in fields as diverse as economics, politics, philosophy, and anthropology. He is a consistent critic of propertarianism, right-libertarianism, social contract theory, and the belief that modern societies fulfill the Lockean proviso.

Widerquist is the co-founder of the U.S. Basic Income Guarantee (USBIG) Network, which was the first Basic Income network in the United States. He was co-chair of the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN) 2008–2017, and he co-founded Basic Income News in 2011. He has been a commentator on several television, radio, and print networks. According to the Atlantic Monthly, Karl Widerquist is "a leader of the worldwide basic income movement."

Georgetown University in Qatar
Georgetown University in Qatar (GU-Q) is a campus of Georgetown University (Washington, D.C.) in Education City, Doha, Qatar. It is one of Georgetown University's eleven undergraduate and graduate schools, and is supported by a partnership between Qatar Foundation and Georgetown University.

In 2015, the university broadened its remit to include executive and professional education and custom training programs, in addition to the primary Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service degree. It rebranded to Georgetown University in Qatar (previously Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar or SFS-Q) to reflect the broadening of its remit.
Busdriver
Regan Farquhar (born February 12, 1978), better known by his stage name Busdriver (sometimes stylized in all caps), is an American rapper and producer from Los Angeles. He has collaborated with rappers such as Myka 9, R.A.P. Ferreira, Nocando, Open Mike Eagle, 2Mex, Aesop Rock and Radioinactive. His primary producers have been Daedelus, Boom Bip, Daddy Kev, Loden, Paris Zax, Omid, Kenny Segal, and Nobody. He has also worked with D-Styles on two albums.

Daedelus (musician)
Alfred Darlington (born Alfred Weisberg-Roberts; October 31, 1977), better known by their stage name Daedelus, is an American record producer based in Los Angeles, California. They are a member of the groups The Long Lost and Adventure Time. Daedelus is also affiliated with the internet radio station Dublab.
Jehangir Wadia
Jehangir Nusli "Jeh" Wadia (born 6 July 1973) is an Indian businessman, who was the Managing Director of Go First, Bombay Dyeing and Bombay Realty. He was also a Director on the Boards of Britannia Industries, the Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, Wadia Techno – Engineering Services and others.

Wadia, his father and his brother are the only direct living descendants of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and his family.

Go First
Go First, founded as GoAir, was an Indian low-cost airline based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Owned by the Indian business conglomerate Wadia Group, it commenced operations on 4 November 2005 and operated a fleet of Airbus A320 aircraft in an all-economy configuration.

In 2021, the airline planned to launch an IPO to raise ₹36 billion (US$430 million). In 2023, the airline faced difficulties with the availability of Pratt & Whitney engines used on its entire fleet of A320 aircraft, alleging that the problem was impacting its operations. Subsequently, the airline ceased operations on 3 May 2023 and filed for voluntary insolvency with the National Company Law Tribunal.
Stephen baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Stephen, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.

The Stephen baronetcy, of Montreal in the Province of Quebec in the Dominion of Canada, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 3 March 1886 for George Stephen, a prominent Canadian businessman who was born in Scotland. In 1891, he was granted the title of Baron Mount Stephen in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. His titles became extinct upon his death in 1921.

The Stephen baronetcy, of De Vere Gardens in the parish of Saint Mary Abbott, Kensington, in the County of London, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 29 June 1891 for Sir James Stephen, a judge of the High Court of Justice. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1987.

James Fitzjames Stephen
Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, 1st Baronet, KCSI (3 March 1829 – 11 March 1894) was an English lawyer, judge, writer, and philosopher. One of the most famous critics of John Stuart Mill, Stephen achieved prominence as a philosopher, law reformer, and writer.