hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duripan
A duripan is a diagnostic soil horizon of the USDA soil taxonomy that is cemented by illuvial silica into a subsurface hardpan. Similar to a fragipan, Petrocalcic Horizon and petrogypsic horizon, it is firmly cemented and restricts soil management. In soil descriptions, they are most often denoted by the symbol Bqm. The closest equivalent in the Canadian system of soil classification is called a duric horizon, although it does not mean exactly the same thing as a duripan in the United States. They form almost exclusively in arid or Mediterranean climates, and can be as hard as concrete, which makes plowing very difficult or impossible. Soils that include duripans are generally used for grazing or wildlife habitat, and are seldom cultivated.

Fragipan
A fragipan is a diagnostic horizon in USDA soil taxonomy.  They are altered subsurface soil layers that restrict water flow and root penetration.  Fragipans are similar to a duripan in how they affect land-use limitations.  In soil descriptions, they are commonly denoted by a Bx or Btx symbol. They often form in loess ground. The first record of fragipans is probably that by John Hardcastle in New Zealand in the 1880s.
Sich Battalion
The Sich Battalion (Ukrainian: Батальйон "Сiч"), officially known as the 4th Sich Company of the Kyiv Regiment (4-та рота «Січ» полку «Київ», 4-ta rota "Sich" polku "Kyiv"), is a Ukrainian special police battalion consisting of volunteers from Kyiv. The unit was formed in June 2014 by volunteers from the far-right party Svoboda at the start of the war in Donbas.

In 2015, the Sich Battalion cut their ties with Svoboda after a ruling by the Ministry of Internal Affairs banned people registered in political parties from enlisting in their units. The unit was reformed as the 4th Company of the Kyiv Regiment.

Kyiv Regiment (Ukraine)
The Kyiv Police Regiment is a regiment of the Special Tasks Patrol Police subordinated to Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The regiment is based in Kyiv. It was established in 2014 following the start of the War in Donbass and has, since then, seen regular combat on the frontlines.
NOS4A2
NOS4A2 (pronounced Nosferatu) is the third novel by American author Joe Hill. The book was published on April 30, 2013, through William Morrow and Company, and has since been adapted to a television series. NOS4A2 is a horror novel about a woman trying to save her son from a vicious, supernatural killer.

A limited edition version of the book was released through Subterranean Press, featuring the novella Wraith that was cut from the manuscript as well as an alternate ending. The novel is called NOS4R2 in the United Kingdom.

NOS4A2 (TV series)
NOS4A2 (pronounced Nosferatu) is an American supernatural horror drama television series, based on the 2013 novel by Joe Hill, that ran on AMC from June 2, 2019, to August 23, 2020. It was created by Jami O'Brien and stars Ashleigh Cummings, Ólafur Darri Ólafsson, Jahkara J. Smith, Ebon Moss-Bachrach, Virginia Kull, and Zachary Quinto. The series follows a working-class artist who uses supernatural abilities to track an immortal being who preys on children. In August 2020, the series was canceled after two seasons, after completing the storyline presented in the original novel.
1953 British Mount Everest expedition
The 1953 British Mount Everest expedition was the ninth mountaineering expedition to attempt the first ascent of Mount Everest, and the first confirmed to have succeeded when Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary reached the summit on 29 May 1953 at 11:30 a.m. Led by Colonel John Hunt, it was organised and financed by the Joint Himalayan Committee. News of the expedition's success reached London in time to be released on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation, on 2 June that year.

Joint Himalayan Committee
The Mount Everest Committee was a body formed by the Alpine Club and the Royal Geographical Society to co-ordinate and finance the 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition to Mount Everest and all subsequent British expeditions to climb the mountain until 1947. It was then renamed the Joint Himalayan Committee; this latter committee organised and financed the successful first ascent of Mount Everest in 1953.
Coal tit
The coal tit (Periparus ater) is a passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder in forests throughout the temperate to subtropical Palearctic, including North Africa. The black-crested tit is now included in this species.

Black-crested tit
The black-crested tit (Periparus ater melanolophus), also known as the spot-winged tit, is a bird in the family Paridae. It was formerly considered a distinct species, but is now widely considered a subspecies of the coal tit.
Jinshi City
Jinshi City (Chinese: 津市市; pinyin: Jīnshì Shì) is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changde. Jinshi is located on the north in Hunan Province and the central north in Changde, it borders to the northeast and the northwest by Li County, to the west by Linli County, to the south by Dingcheng District, and to the east by Anxiang County. The city has an area of 556.16 kilometres (345.58 mi) with a registered population of 239,744 (as of 2016). It is divided into four towns and five subdistricts under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Xiangyangjie (襄阳街街道). Jinshi was honored as the National Sanitary City.

Xiangyangjie
Xiangyangjie Subdistrict (Chinese: 襄阳街街道; pinyin: Xiāngyángjiē Jiēdào) is a subdistrict and the seat of Jinshi City in Hunan, China. The subdistrict was formed in 1966. In December 2002, Yangyou Township (Chinese: 阳由乡) was merged to it. It has an area of 11.5 km2 (4.4 sq mi) with a population of about 20,440 (as of 2016). It has 7 communities under its jurisdiction.
Mix Master Mike
Michael Schwartz (born April 4, 1970), known professionally as Mix Master Mike (also known as Mixmaster), is an American record producer and DJ. He is considered one of the greatest hip hop DJs of all time. He was a contributing and touring member of the hip hop group Beastie Boys, and a three-time DMC World DJ Champion.

DJ Qbert
Richard Quitevis (born October 7, 1969) known by his stage name DJ Qbert or Qbert, is a turntablist and composer who has heavily influenced the History of DJing. He was awarded America's Best DJ in 2010, was DMC USA Champion 1991 (solo) and achieved titles as DMC World Champion in 1992 and 1993.
Tabriz Stock Exchange
Tabriz Stock Exchange (TSE) is the second regional stock exchange forum in Iran which first opened in October 2003 in Tabriz city in East Azerbaijan.
Tabriz stock exchange operates under the Tehran Stock Exchange's supervision and all registered companies in Tehran Stock Exchange are dual listed in Tabriz Stock Exchange.

Tehran Stock Exchange
The Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE; Persian: بورس اوراق بهادار تهران, romanized: Burs-e Owraq-e Bahadar-e Tehran) is Iran's largest stock exchange, which first opened in 1967. The TSE is based in Tehran. TSE, which is a founding member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges, has been one of the world's best performing stock exchanges in the years 2002 through 2013. TSE is an emerging or "frontier" market.

Iran's capital market has companies from a wide range of industries, including automotive, telecommunications, agriculture, petrochemical, mining, steel iron, copper, banking and insurance, banking and others. Many of the companies listed are state-owned firms that have been privatized.

In December 2025 study published by Isfahan University Journal of Sociology argued the exchange had gone financially bankrupt with rampant mafia takeover, organizational corruption , with the exchange having turned into an anomie market with insider trading.
Dream (character)
Dream of the Endless is a fictional character, an anthropomorphic personification who first appeared in the first issue of The Sandman, written by Neil Gaiman and published by DC Comics. One of the seven Endless, who are inconceivably powerful beings older and greater than gods, Dream is both lord and personification of all dreams and stories, and all that is not in reality (which, in turn, Dream may define by his existence). He has taken many names, including Morpheus, Oneiros, Kai'ckul, and the Sandman, and his appearance can change depending on the person who is seeing him. Dream was named the sixth-greatest comic book character by Empire. He was also named fifteenth in IGN's 100 Top Comic Book Heroes list.

After the events of The Sandman: The Kindly Ones that led to Dream's death at the hands of the Furies, Daniel Hall becomes the new Dream.

The Sandman: The Kindly Ones
The Kindly Ones (1996) is the ninth collection of issues in the DC Comics series, The Sandman. Written by Neil Gaiman, illustrated by Marc Hempel, Richard Case, D'Israeli, Teddy Kristiansen, Glyn Dillon, Charles Vess, Dean Ormston and Kevin Nowlan, coloured by Daniel Vozzo, and lettered by Todd Klein.The volume features an introduction by Frank McConnell.

The issues in the collection first appeared in 1993, 1994 and 1995. The collection first appeared in paperback and hardback in 1996.

Marc Hempel is the primary penciller, inked variously by himself, D'Israeli and Richard Case.  He is relieved at different points in the story by Teddy Kristiansen, Glyn Dillon and Dean Ormston, and Charles Vess draws a story within a story sequence. Kevin Nowlan draws a short story which originally appeared in a Vertigo promo book.

It was preceded by Worlds' End and followed by The Wake.
Berwick Rangers F.C. 1–0 Rangers F.C.
The first round Scottish Cup match between Berwick Rangers and Rangers was a football match played on 28 January 1967. Berwick Rangers ran out 1–0 winners. The match has been described as one of the biggest upsets in Scottish football.

Berwick Rangers F.C.
Berwick Rangers Football Club is a football team based in the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England, who play in the Scottish football system. Founded in 1884, they currently play in the Lowland League, the fifth tier of Scottish football, despite being based in England. They were the only club from outside Scotland in the Scottish Professional Football League until their relegation in 2019.
Corpus Christi Cathedral (Port Harcourt)
The Corpus Christi Cathedral (or its full name Corpus et Sanguis Christi Cathedral) is a Roman Catholic
cathedral in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. It is the seat of the Bishop of Port Harcourt and serves as the headquarters of the Diocese of Port Harcourt. The cathedral church is dedicated to Bishop Edmund Fitzgibbon. It is located in D-line, a mixed-use neighbourhood of Port Harcourt.

Diocese of Port Harcourt
The Diocese of Port Harcourt (Latin: Portus Harcurten(sis)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Nigeria. The episcopal see is Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The Diocese of Port Harcourt is in the ecclesiastical province of metropolitan Archdiocese of Calabar.
Krishnajirao III
Krishnajirao III (12 May 1932 – 21 January 1999) was an Indian royal, belonging to the Puar dynasty of the Marathas, was the third and last reigning Maharaja of Dewas State (senior), reigning from 23 March 1947 to 27 June 1948.Krishnajirao III Puar was the Maharaja of Dewas State (Senior Branch) from 1947 to 1948.  The only son of Sir Vikramsinhrao, Maharaja of Dewas, he was 15 years old when his father abdicated to become Chhatrapati Shahaji II Bhonsle, Maharaja of Kolhapur. As such, he ruled Dewas under the regency of his mother, Maharani Pramilabai (born 4 August 1910) for the brief time between his succession and Indian independence on 15 August 1947. On 27 June 1948, Dewas and other Maratha kingdoms merged to form the Madhya Bharat Union. Derecognised by the Government of India in 1971 as a ruler, he lived a quiet life until his death at the age of 66 on 21 January 1999. He was succeeded by his only son, Tukojirao IV.

Shahaji II
Shahaji II (formerly Vikramsinhrao [Nana Sahib] Pawar; 4 April 1910 – 9 May 1983) of the Bhonsle dynasty of the Marathas, was the Maharaja of Kolhapur between 1947 and 1949. He was the grandson of Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur through his daughter Maharani Radhabai and hence nephew of Maharaj Rajaram III of Kolhapur.

He was educated at Daly College, Indore, where he was noted for his proficiency in both academics and sports, particularly tennis and cricket—interests he maintained throughout his life as a patron of Maratha athletic traditions.
Chri$ Ca$h
Christopher Jonathan Bauman Jr. (July 13, 1982 – August 18, 2005) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Chri$ Ca$h. Bauman wrestled in many independent promotions, but is known for his time in Combat Zone Wrestling, where he was a CZW World Tag Team Champion. On August 18, 2005, Bauman was killed in a motorcycle accident.

J. C. Bailey
Joseph Carl Bailey Jr. (August 23, 1983 – August 30, 2010) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name J. C. Bailey. He wrestled for numerous American-based professional wrestling promotions including Combat Zone Wrestling, IWA Mid-South, and IWA East Coast.
Echo Bridge
Echo Bridge is a historic masonry bridge spanning the Charles River between Needham to Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts, and Ellis Street in Newton. The bridge carries the Sudbury Aqueduct and foot traffic, and is located in the Hemlock Gorge Reservation. At the time of its construction in 1876–1877, it was the second longest masonry arch in the country.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and was named an American Water Landmark in 1981.

Hemlock Gorge Reservation
Hemlock Gorge Reservation is a state-owned, public recreation area and urban wild comprising 23 acres (9.3 ha) on the Charles River in Newton and Needham, Massachusetts. The reservation is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
Andulinang Island
Andulinang Island is an island in the municipality of Sitangkai, Tawi-Tawi. With an area of 0.02 square kilometres (0.0077 sq mi). It is located at the western edge of the Andulinang Reef. It is one of the last islands of the Sulu Archipelago nearest the Philippine-Malaysian border next to Panguan Island and Mardanas Island.

Panguan Island
Panguan Island (also spelled as Panggungan Island) is an island in the municipality of Sitangkai, Tawi-Tawi. With an area of 0.06 square kilometres (0.023 sq mi). It is also known as Malamanok, coming from the Sama-Bajau dialect which means eat chicken as locals who travel to Sabah usually use this island as a stop-over to eat roasted chicken prior continuing their journey to Malaysia. It is the last island of the Sulu Archipelago nearest to the Philippine-Malaysian border.

This island is 50 km or 31 miles away from Sabah state. Just like other Philippine border communities, the area lacks access to food, potable water and healthcare.

The island has a newly constructed military barrack, a flagpole, and a small community of Badjao (Sama Dilaut).
New Jersey's 11th legislative district
New Jersey's 11th legislative district is one of 40 in the New Jersey Legislature, covering the Monmouth County municipalities of Allenhurst Borough, Asbury Park City, Bradley Beach, Colts Neck Township, Deal Borough, Eatontown Borough, Fair Haven, Freehold Borough, Freehold Township, Interlaken Borough, Loch Arbour Village, Long Branch City, Neptune City Borough, Neptune Township, Ocean Township, Red Bank Borough, Shrewsbury Borough, Shrewsbury Township, and Tinton Falls Borough.

Asbury Park, New Jersey
Asbury Park (/æzbɛri/) is a beachfront city located on the Jersey Shore in Monmouth County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 15,188, a decrease of 928 (−5.8%) from the 2010 census count of 16,116, which in turn reflected a decline of 814 (−4.8%) from the 16,930 counted in the 2000 census.

In 2022, Asbury Park's beach was named one of the best in the world by Money and one of the best in the country by Travel + Leisure.

Asbury Park was originally incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 26, 1874, from portions of Ocean Township. The borough was reincorporated on February 28, 1893. Asbury Park was incorporated as a city, its current type of government, as of March 25, 1897.
Savo Zlatić
Savo Vjerko Zlatić (12 July 1912 – 8 December 2007) was a Croatian physician, politician and chess composer.

Early in life, as a medical student, Zlatić became a high-ranking member of the then-illegal Communist Party. In World War II, he became the first Partisan physician in Croatia and one of the founders of Petrova Gora hospital. He was expelled from the Communist Party in 1949 and subsequently served two years in Goli Otok prison for siding with Stalin's position in the Tito–Stalin Split. After his release from prison, Zlatić focused on scientific work; he is considered one of the founders of clinical pharmacology in Croatia. Zlatić also had a long competitive career as a chess composer and was awarded the title of World Federation for Chess Composition Honorary Master in 1999.

Goli Otok
Goli Otok (pronounced [ɡôliː ǒtok]; lit. 'Barren Island') is a barren, uninhabited island that was the site of a political prison which was in use when Croatia was a part of Yugoslavia. The prison was in operation between 1949 and 1989.

The island is located in the northern Adriatic Sea just off the coast of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, with an area of approximately 4.5 square kilometers (1.7 sq mi). Exposed to strong bora winds, particularly in the winter, the island's surface is almost completely devoid of vegetation, giving Goli Otok (literally, 'barren island' in Croatian) its name. It is also known as the "Croatian Alcatraz" because of its history as a prison.
IIT Jammu
The Indian Institute of Technology Jammu (IIT Jammu or IITJmu) is a public research university located in Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. As one of India's Indian Institutes of Technology, the university came into existence in 2016 when a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)  between Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir and Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, was signed. The IIT campus has been constructed in the village of Jagti, in Nagrota Tehsil, in Jammu district.

Jammu
Jammu (/ˈdʒʌmuː/) is a city in Indian-administered  Jammu and Kashmir in the Jammu region. It is the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi), is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.
UK Afrobeats Chart Top 20 songs of 2020
The UK Afrobeats Singles Chart, is a chart that ranks the best-performing Afrobeats singles in the UK. Its data is published and compiled by Official Charts Company,  from digital downloads, physical record sales, and audio streams in UK retail outlets. At the end of a year, OCC will publish an annual list of its 20 most successful Afrobeats songs, throughout that year on its website, and BBC Radio 1Xtra's website. For 2020, the list was published on 28 January 2021, by Rob Copsey, and calculated with data from August 1, 2020, to December 26, 2020.

UK Afrobeats Singles Chart
The UK Afrobeats Singles Chart is a record chart compiled in the United Kingdom by the Official Charts Company (OCC) to determine the 20 most popular singles in the afrobeats and afroswing genres. The chart is compiled by the OCC from digital downloads, physical record sales and audio streams in UK retail outlets. The chart was launched for the first time in 2020, with the first chart being revealed on BBC Radio 1Xtra on 26 July 2020, and was published on the Official Charts website.

The introduction of the chart came about due to the rising popularity of afrobeats music and artists in the United Kingdom.

As of January 2025, the act with most number one appearances in the chart is Burna Boy with eleven appearances, "Real Life", "Ginger" (as featuring with Wizkid), "Kilometre", "Want It All", "B D'or", "Last Last", "For My Hand", "Alone", "Sittin' on Top of the World", "Cheat on Me", "City Boys" and "Bundle by Bundle".
Joyous Entry of 1356
The Joyous Entry of 1356 (Dutch: Blijde Inkomst, French: Joyeuse Entrée) is the charter of liberties granted to the burghers of the Duchy of Brabant by the newly-ascended Duchess Joanna and her husband Duke Wenceslaus. The document is dated 3 January 1356, (NS) and it is seen as the equivalent of Magna Carta for the Low Countries.

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg
Wenceslaus I (also Wenceslas, Venceslas, Wenzel, or Václav, often called Wenceslaus of Bohemia in chronicles) (25 February 1337 – 7 December 1383) was the first Duke of Luxembourg from 1354. He was the son of John the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Beatrice of Bourbon.
Rodolfo Quezada Toruño
Rodolfo Ignacio Quezada Toruño (8 March 1932 – 4 June 2012) was a Guatemalan Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Guatemala from 2003 to 2010. He previously served as Bishop of Zacapa y Santo Cristo de Esquipulas from 1980 to 2001. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2003.

Diocese of Zacapa y Santo Cristo de Esquipulas
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Zacapa (y Santo Cristo de Esquipulas) is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of Guatemala.

Its cathedral episcopal see is catedral San Pedro (dedicated to saint Peter), in Zacapa. It also had a virtual Co-cathedral, Basílica del Cristo Negro de Esquipulas, which is officially still the cathedral of the Territorial Prelature of Santo Cristo de Esquipulas.
Optimizing compiler
An optimizing compiler is a compiler designed to generate code that is optimized in aspects such as minimizing program execution time, memory usage, storage size, and power consumption. Optimization is generally implemented as a sequence of optimizing transformations, a.k.a. compiler optimizations – algorithms that transform code to produce semantically equivalent code optimized for some aspect.

Optimization is limited by a number of factors. Theoretical analysis indicates that some optimization problems are NP-complete, or even undecidable. Also, producing perfectly optimal code is not possible since optimizing for one aspect often degrades performance for another (see: superoptimization). Optimization is a collection of heuristic methods for improving resource usage in typical programs.: 585

Superoptimization
Superoptimization is the process where a compiler automatically finds the optimal sequence for a loop-free sequence of instructions. Real-world compilers generally cannot produce genuinely optimal code, and while most standard compiler optimizations only improve code partly, a superoptimizer's goal is to find the optimal sequence, the canonical form. Superoptimizers can be used to improve conventional optimizers by highlighting missed opportunities so a human can write additional rules.