hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GCD domain
In mathematics, a GCD domain is an integral domain R with the property that any two elements have a greatest common divisor (GCD); i.e., there is a unique minimal principal ideal containing the ideal generated by two given elements. Equivalently, any two elements of R have a least common multiple (LCM).

A GCD domain generalizes a unique factorization domain (UFD) to a non-Noetherian setting in the following sense: an integral domain is a UFD if and only if it is a GCD domain satisfying the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (and in particular if it is Noetherian).

GCD domains appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Matt Freeman
Roger Matthew Freeman, also known as Matt McCall, (born April 23, 1966) is an American musician best known as the bassist of punk rock band Rancid.  After forming several bands with guitarist and vocalist Tim Armstrong in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including ska-punk pioneers Operation Ivy, he and Armstrong formed Rancid with drummer Brett Reed.  The band's success helped revive mainstream interest in punk, and they have released ten albums since their formation.  Freeman has several side projects as well, including Devil's Brigade, in which Freeman sings lead vocals and plays bass.  Freeman's style is characterized by aggressive walking lines and fills, typically played on a Fender Precision Bass.

Tim Armstrong
Timothy Ross Armstrong is an American musician, songwriter
and record producer. Known for his distinctive voice, he is the singer/guitarist for the punk rock band Rancid and hip hop/punk rock supergroup Transplants. Prior to forming Rancid, Armstrong was in the ska punk band Operation Ivy.

In 1997, along with Brett Gurewitz of the band Bad Religion and owner of Epitaph Records, Armstrong founded Hellcat Records. In 2012, through his website, Armstrong started releasing music that influenced him, along with stripped-down cover songs of his own under the name Tim Timebomb. Armstrong is also a songwriter for other artists. Armstrong won a Grammy Award for his work with Jimmy Cliff and Pink, and has also worked with Joe Walsh and the Interrupters.
Predicand
In semantics, a predicand is an argument in an utterance, specifically that of which something is predicated. By extension, in syntax, it is the constituent in a clause typically functioning as the subject.: 76

Predicate (grammar)
The term predicate is used in two ways in linguistics and its subfields. The first defines a predicate as everything in a standard declarative sentence except the subject, and the other defines it as only the main content verb or associated predicative expression of a clause. Thus, by the first definition, the predicate of the sentence Frank likes cake is likes cake, while by the second definition, it is only the content verb likes, and Frank and cake are the arguments of this predicate. The conflict between these two definitions can lead to confusion.
Adhisaya Manithan
Adhisaya Manithan (transl. Mysterious Human) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language science fiction slasher film directed by Velu Prabhakaran. It is a sequel to Naalai Manithan (1989). The film stars Gautami, Ajay Rathnam, Anand, Kuyili, Kovai Sarala and Silk Smitha. It was released on 6 July 1990.

Naalai Manithan
Naalai Manithan (transl. The Man of Tomorrow) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language science fiction action horror film directed by Velu Prabhakaran. The film stars Prabhu, Ajay Rathnam, Amala and Jaishankar. It is a remake of the American film Silent Rage (1982). The film was remade in Kannada as Manava 2022 (1997). A sequel named Adhisaya Manithan was released a year later.
Niketan
Niketan or Niketon (Bengali: নিকেতন, romanised: Niketon) also known as Niketan Residential Area, Gulshan or Niketan Housing Society is an upscale residential neighbourhood in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Niketan is also a part of Gulshan Thana and Ward No. 20 of Dhaka North City Corporation.

Gulshan Thana
Gulshan (Bengali: গুলশান) is an affluent residential and business neighbourhood, as well as a thana (police jurisdiction) situated in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Originally a rural settlement called Bhola Gram, the area was developed in the early 1960s into an upscale suburban neighbourhood with planned housing and infrastructure. Gulshan underwent a major transformation beginning in the 1990s, evolving into a dense urban zone with high-rise buildings, shopping centres, banks, hotels, private clubs, and diplomatic missions. Today, it is home to a number of the city's restaurants, five-star hotels, shopping centres, schools, banks, offices, and clubs. It also hosts the majority of foreign embassies and high commissions in Bangladesh. Offices of many Bangladeshi and international companies are located in Gulshan.
Horizons (political party)
Horizons (French: [ɔʁizɔ̃] ⓘ) is a centre-right political party in France founded in October 2021 by Édouard Philippe, at the time mayor of Le Havre and former Prime Minister of France.

The party was created with the purpose of attracting centre-right support for Emmanuel Macron for the 2022 French presidential election. It seeks to appeal to the secular and pro-European right, with a "social calling". Ahead of the 2022 legislative election, it formed a coalition with two other main centrist parties – Democratic Movement (MoDem) and La République En Marche! (LREM) – to coordinate which candidates it presents.

Ensemble (political coalition)
Ensemble (lit. 'Together', stylised in all caps), known in full as Ensemble pour la République (Together for the Republic), is a liberal political coalition in France created by Emmanuel Macron. Formed in November 2021 as Ensemble Citoyens, it makes up the presidential majority and includes Renaissance (RE, formerly known as En Marche and La République En Marche!), Democratic Movement (MoDem), Horizons, En Commun, and the Progressive Federation. The coalition included the parties Agir and Territories of Progress (TDP) until they were merged into the rebranded Renaissance. Ensemble has mainly been described as being centrist and sometimes as centre-right on the political spectrum.

After the 2022 French legislative election, the coalition won a plurality of seats but lost its majority in the National Assembly. In 2024, they were reduced further into third place in terms of votes but second in seats.
Fratelli Ceirano
Fratelli Ceirano & C was an Italian automobile manufacturer founded in 1901 by Giovanni Battista Ceirano and his brother Matteo Ceirano after they had left F.I.A.T. Their own automobile manufacturing business, Ceirano GB & C and its Welleyes motorcar, had been taken over by Giovanni Agnelli and his new F.I.A.T. consortium in 1899, whereupon the Welleyes was marketed as the F.I.A.T. 4HP, the first ever Fiat. The Ceiranos were not satisfied as employees and 'Italian sales agents' of F.I.A.T. so they founded Fratelli Ceirano & C in Turin, which, by July 1903 had morphed into Società Torinese Automobili Rapid (S.T.A.R.), and the cars were badged as Rapid.

Ceirano GB & C
Ceirano GB & C was a historic automobile company, founded in October 1888 by Giovanni Battista Ceirano, Emanuele di Bricherasio, Attilio Calligaris, Pietro Fenoglio and Cesare Goria Gatti.

The new company was based in Turin, where it began to build bicycles under the Welleyes brand name. In 1899, the company hired Aristide Faccioli to design a small car with two seats. Welleyes was a success for Ceirano, but they were unable to cope with volume production,  so, in July 1899, Ceirano sold the company, plans and patents to Giovanni Agnelli, for launch as the first F.I.A.T. automobile.
Erythritol tetranitrate
Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is an explosive compound chemically similar to PETN, though it is thought to be slightly more sensitive to friction and impact.

Like many nitrate esters, ETN acts as a vasodilator, and was the active ingredient in Cardilate tablets. Ingestion of or prolonged skin contact with ETN can lead to what is known as a nitro headache.

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), also known as PENT, pentyl, PENTA (ПЕНТА, primarily in Russian), TEN (tetraeritrit nitrate), corpent, or penthrite (or, rarely and primarily in German, as nitropenta), is an explosive material. It is the nitrate ester of pentaerythritol, and is structurally very similar to nitroglycerin. Penta refers to the five carbon atoms of the neopentane skeleton. PETN is a very powerful explosive material with a relative effectiveness factor of 1.66. When mixed with a plasticizer, PETN forms a plastic explosive. Along with RDX it is the main ingredient of Semtex.

PETN is also used as a vasodilator drug to treat certain heart conditions, such as for management of angina.
Pall Mall, London
Pall Mall /ˌpæl ˈmæl/ ⓘ is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road. The street's name is derived from pall-mall, a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the Italian pallamaglio, literally "ball-mallet".

The area was built up during the reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and gentlemen's clubs in the 19th. The Reform, Athenaeum and Travellers clubs have survived to the 21st century. The War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Club's headquarters have been on the street since 1908.

A4 road (England)
The A4 is a major road in England from Central London to Avonmouth via Heathrow Airport, Reading, Bath and Bristol. It is historically known as the Bath Road with newer sections including the Great West Road and Portway. The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after the A40, the second main western artery from London.

Although most traffic is carried by the M4 motorway today, the A4 still acts as the main route from Bristol to London for non-motorway traffic.
Verkhovna Rada building
The Verkhovna Rada building (Ukrainian: Будинок Верховної Ради, romanized: Budynok Verchovnoï Rady) is located in the center of Kyiv, in the Pecherskyi District. The building is located at the Constitution Square.

It is the place where the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) meets for all regular and ceremonial sessions. The building was erected between 1936–38 during the reign of Joseph Stalin to a design by Volodymyr Zabolotnyi in the Socialist Classicalist architectural style. Zabolotny was awarded the State Prize for that project in 1940 and was appointed the chief architect of the city.

The building is located on the eastern side of Hrushevsky Street, across from the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine building, and is surrounded by the Mariinskyi Palace, Mariinskyi Park, and a pedestrian park square. From the square, the building, and the palace are seen next to each other, along with views from the Kyiv heights to the left-bank neighborhoods across the Dnieper River.

Hrushevsky Street (Kyiv)
Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Street or simply Hrushevskyi Street (Ukrainian: вулиця Михайла Грушевського, romanized: vulytsia Mykhaila Hrushevskoho) is a street in central Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

The street is named after Ukrainian academician, politician, historian, and statesman Mykhailo Hrushevsky. Hrushevsky wrote his first academic book on the history of Bar, Ukraine, titled Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII.

Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Street is located in the government quarter Lypky neighborhood of the Pecherskyi District. It houses the Supreme Council Building, Government Building and the Parliamentary Library. It is adjacent to Mariinskyi Park which contains Constitution Square.

The street acts as a border between the Pechersk and Lypky neighborhoods. At the European Square this street connects to Old Kyiv. There is a noticeable ascent that starts at the European Square and continues on all the way to the intersection with Garden Street next to the Government Building.
Historic England
Historic England (officially the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England) is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It is tasked with protecting the historic environment of England by preserving and listing historic buildings, scheduling ancient monuments, registering historic parks and gardens, advising central and local government, and promoting the public's enjoyment of, and advancing their knowledge of, ancient monuments and historic buildings.

Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983. Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks, and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations.
Gdańsk Bridge
The Gdańsk Bridge (Polish: Most Gdański) is a six-span steel truss bridge, 406.5 m long and 17 m wide, across the Vistula in Warsaw, Poland.

It opened on 31 July 1959 after three years of construction. It has two decks: the upper deck carries a four-lane road with sidewalks, while the lower one has two tram tracks, a cycle lane and a footpath.

The bridge was built upon the supports of the Citadel Rail Bridge which had been destroyed during World War II.

In 1997-1998 the bridge underwent reconstruction. It was painted green and the lower level was fitted with colour bulbs for illumination at night.

Citadel Rail Bridge
The Citadel Rail Bridge (Most przy Cytadeli) was a bridge in Warsaw, crossing the Vistula River. It opened in November, 1875, and was expanded with a second part in 1908. It was blown up for the final time on September 13, 1944, by retreating Germans and was later replaced with the Gdański Bridge.
Takahisa Zeze
Takahisa Zeze (瀬々敬久, Zeze Takahisa; born 24 May 1960) is a Japanese film director and screenwriter first known for his soft-core pornographic pink films of the 1990s. Along with fellow directors, Kazuhiro Sano, Toshiki Satō, and Hisayasu Sato, he is known as one of the "Four Heavenly Kings of Pink" (ピンク四天王, pinku shitennō). In recent years, he has directed such major commercial hits as 64: Part I, 64: Part II, and The 8-Year Engagement, while continuing to make independent art films like Heaven's Story and The Chrysanthemum and the Guillotine.

Hisayasu Satō
Hisayasu Satō (佐藤 寿保, Satō Hisayasu; born 15 August 1959 in Shizuoka City, Japan) is a Japanese exploitation film director. He has worked prolifically in the genre of pinku eiga films, which refers to Japanese films that prominently feature nudity or sexual content. His best-known works are the 1992 pink film The Bedroom and the 1996 V-Cinema splatter film Splatter: Naked Blood. He is known for his "sledgehammer" filmmaking style, and using his exploitation career to tackle serious subjects like obsession, alienation, perversion and voyeurism.

He has been likened to Canadian director David Cronenberg due to his penchant for body horror as well as dark eroticism. Along with fellow directors Kazuhiro Sano, Toshiki Satō and Takahisa Zeze, he is known as one of the "Four Heavenly Kings of Pink" (ピンク四天王, pinku shitenno).
Hajime Moriyasu
Hajime Moriyasu (森保 一, Moriyasu Hajime; born 23 August 1968) is a Japanese football manager and former player. He is the current manager of Japan national football team. He made more than 250 appearances in 14 years with Sanfrecce Hiroshima, including a year on loan to Kyoto Purple Sanga, before spending his final season as a professional with Vegalta Sendai. He was capped 35 times for the Japan national team. His brother Hiroshi and his sons Shohei and Keigo have also been footballers.

Moriyasu has been coach of the Japanese national team since 2018, leading the team to the 2019 AFC Asian Cup Final before losing to Qatar. He then achieved a round of 16 appearance at the 2022 FIFA World Cup and a quarter-final loss in the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.

Keigo Moriyasu
Keigo Moriyasu (森保 圭悟, Moriyasu Keigo; born 22 September 1993) is a Japanese footballer. He played professionally for JPV Marikina during the 2018 Philippines Football League season. Previously, he played as a striker for Edgeworth FC in the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW.
Adolph B. Spreckels
Adolph Bernard Spreckels (January 5, 1857 – June 28, 1924) was a California businessman who ran the Spreckels Sugar Company and who donated the California Palace of the Legion of Honor art museum to the city of San Francisco in 1924. His wife, Alma, was called the "great grandmother of San Francisco". His 1912 mansion is in Pacific Heights and is San Francisco Landmark #197.

Alma de Bretteville Spreckels
Alma de Bretteville Spreckels (March 24, 1881 – August 7, 1968) was a wealthy socialite and philanthropist in San Francisco, California. She was known both as "Big Alma" (she was 6 feet (1.8 m) tall) and "The Great Grandmother of San Francisco". Among her many accomplishments, she persuaded her first husband, sugar magnate Adolph B. Spreckels, to donate the California Palace of the Legion of Honor to the city of San Francisco.
BN Televizija
BN Televizija, RTV BN or BN TV is a Bosnian commercial television channel based in Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The channel is part of the RTV BN television network company, founded on May 5, 1998. It primarily broadcasts in Serbian using the Cyrillic alphabet and offers 24-hour programming with news, political, and entertainment shows. RTV BN is currently the highest-rated TV channel in the Republika Srpska entity and is one of the leading commercial TV channels in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

RTV BN
RTV BN (Cyrillic: PTB БH) is a Bosnian radio-television company based in Bijeljina. The company was founded on 5 May 1998 as VIP Productions before renaming to RTV BN in 2009. RTV BN is currently the highest rated TV channel in Republika Srpska entity of BiH. RTV BN has over 200 employees with news correspondents in BiH, Belgrade, London, US and Vienna, as well as other cities. RTV BN is currently available in Europe, North America (USA and Canada), Australia, and New Zealand via satellite.
George Gilbert Scott Jr.
George Gilbert Scott Jr. (8 October 1839 – 6 May 1897) was an English architect working in late Gothic and Queen Anne revival styles.

Known in later life as "Middle Scott", he was the eldest son of Sir George Gilbert Scott and the father of Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and Adrian Gilbert Scott, all also architects.

The last years of his life after the death of his father were marred by mental instability and excessive drinking. He died of cirrhosis of the liver in the Midland Grand Hotel, St Pancras, a building designed by his father.

George Gilbert Scott
Sir George Gilbert Scott RA (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), largely known as Sir Gilbert Scott, was a prolific English Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he started his career as a leading designer of workhouses. Over 800 buildings were designed or altered by him.

Scott was the architect of many notable buildings, including the Midland Grand Hotel at St Pancras Station, the Albert Memorial, and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, all in London, St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow, the main building of the University of Glasgow, St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh and King's College Chapel, London.
Marjo (name)
Marjo is a popular female given name in Finland, originated as a variant of the name Marja. Its name day is celebrated on 15 August. As of 2012, more than 12,400 people in Finland have this name. It was most popular in the second half of the 20th century.

Marja (name)
Marja is a female given name, a Finnish, Sámi and Dutch form of Mary. It also means "berry" in Finnish. In Finnish the normal form of Mary is Maria; the pronunciations of Maria ['maria] and Marja ['marja] are identical, if the /-ria/ is pronounced as diphthong in as usual in rapid speech: [mari̯a]. As of December 2012, 53,000 people are registered with this name in Finland. In Finland, the nameday for Marja is 15 August.
Wien Hauptbahnhof
Wien Hauptbahnhof, Vienna Central Station  or Vienna Main Station is the main railway station in Vienna, Austria, located in the Favoriten district. It became fully operational in December 2015, linking major railway lines from the north, east, south and west, and replacing the old Wien Südbahnhof terminus. With 268,000 daily commuters it is Austria's busiest long-distance railway station. Aside from being voted "Austria's most beautiful railway station" (six times in total; five years in a row), it was also second in Consumer Choice Center's ranking of "Top 10 Railway Stations for Passenger Convenience in Europe".

Wien Südbahnhof
Wien Südbahnhof (German for Vienna South Station) was Vienna's largest railway terminus. It closed in December 2009 and was demolished in 2010 to be replaced with a new station, Wien Hauptbahnhof. It was located in Favoriten, in the south-east of the city. The East-bound rail services of Südbahnhof remained in operation until 2012 at a temporary train station "Südbahnhof (Ostbahn)".
Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times)
Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times) (sometimes known as Six Figures Getting Sick) is a 1967 experimental animated short film, directed by David Lynch. A student project that was developed over the course of a semester, it is Lynch's first film and was shot while he was attending the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The film consists of an animated painting, depicting six dysmorphic figures regurgitating in sequence with the sound of a siren loop.

The film was created on a budget of $200 and upon its screening it was well received by Lynch's peers, earning the Dr. William S. Biddle Cadwalader Memorial Prize at the school's experimental-painting-and-sculpture contest. Six Men Getting Sick received a home-media release in 2001 as part of The Short Films of David Lynch DVD, and it has been noted by critics as containing a similar narrative structure to his 1977 debut feature film Eraserhead.

The Short Films of David Lynch
The Short Films of David Lynch (2002) is a DVD collection of the early student and commissioned film work of American filmmaker David Lynch. As such, the collection does not include Lynch's later short works, which are listed in the filmography.

The DVD contains introductions by Lynch to each film.