hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Makthar (archaeological site)
The Makthar archaeological site, the remains of ancient Mactaris, is an archaeological site in Makthar, west-central Tunisia, a town on the northern edge of the Tunisian Ridge.

The site is one of the most extensive in the country, and much of it remains to be archaeologically explored in 2020, a situation comparable to that of Bulla Regia. Some of the reasons for this may be the relative remoteness of the region and the difficulty of integrating it into communication networks.

In addition to the numerous remains housed in an archaeological park, with only a few scattered elements excluded, a small museum displays various archaeological finds from the site.

Makthar Museum
The Makthar Museum is a small Tunisian museum, inaugurated in 1967, located on the Makthar Archaeological Site, the ancient Mactaris. Initially a simple site museum using a building constructed to serve as a café on the site of a marabout, it comprises three rooms, some of which are displayed outside in a lapidary garden. Additionally, just behind the museum are the remains of a basilica.

The collection, primarily consisting of items found during excavations conducted on the site or in its immediate vicinity, is representative of the history of Tunisia from the Punic-Numidian period to the end of the Ancient history, including traces of Christianity in the Byzantine era.
Gerald Levert
Gerald Edward Levert (July 13, 1966 – November 10, 2006) was an American singer-songwriter and producer. Levert performed with his brother, Sean Levert, and friend Marc Gordon with the R&B vocal group, LeVert. Levert was also a member of LSG, a supergroup comprising Keith Sweat, Johnny Gill, and himself. Levert was the son of Eddie Levert, lead singer of the R&B/soul vocal group the O'Jays. He released nine solo albums, six as a member of LeVert, two with his father, and two as a member of LSG. Levert was also credited with the discovery of R&B groups the Rude Boys, Men at Large, and 1 of the Girls.

Keith Sweat
Keith Douglas Sweat (born July 22, 1961) is an American singer, producer and songwriter. An early figure in the new jack swing musical movement, he is known for his collection of hits including "I Want Her," "Make It Last Forever," "I'll Give All My Love to You," "Make You Sweat," "Get Up on It," "Twisted," "Nobody." He has released 13 solo albums (two as a part of the R&B supergroup LSG) and discovered the groups Silk and Kut Klose.  Sweat's sound reportedly was influenced by Slave front man Steve Arrington and go-go music.
Los Testigos Islands
Los Testigos Islands (Spanish: Islas Los Testigos, Witnesses Islands) are a group of islands in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. They are a part of the Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies) of Venezuela.

Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela (Spanish: Dependencias Federales de Venezuela) encompass most of Venezuela's offshore islands in the Caribbean Sea, excluding those islands that form the State of Nueva Esparta and some Caribbean coastal islands that are integrated with nearby states. These islands, with a total area of 342 square kilometres, are sparsely populated – according to the preliminary results of the 2011 Census only 2,155 people live there permanently, with another hundred from Margarita Island who live there seasonally to engage in fishing. Local government is officially under the authority of Central government in Caracas, although de facto power is often held by the heads of the sparse and somewhat isolated communities that decorate the territories.
Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency
Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency is one of the twenty-five lok sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh in India. It comprises seven assembly segments and belongs to Chittor and Tirupati districts. Daggumalla Prasada Rao is the present MP of the constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.

Chittoor district
Chittoor district (pronunciationⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It had a population of 18,72,951 at the 2011 census of India. It is a major market centre for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. The district headquarters is at Chittoor City. The major cities/towns in the district are Chittoor, Nagari, Palamaner, and Kuppam.
Artistic Vice
Artistic Vice is the first studio album by singer-songwriter Daniel Johnston, (following "1990") and his twelfth overall, counting his nine widely distributed demo tapes, an earlier aborted attempt at a studio album, (Continued Story), and a collaboration with Jad Fair, It's Spooky. The album is considered more light-hearted than its predecessor, 1990.

Unlike his earlier CD releases, this one features the same track listings as both the LP and cassette.

1990 (Daniel Johnston album)
1990 is the eleventh album by American singer-songwriter Daniel Johnston. It was released in January 1990, through record label Shimmy Disc. Like Continued Story before it, 1990 was intended to be Johnston's first studio album, but had to be completed using live recordings and home demos.
Subiya, Kuwait
Al Subiya (Arabic: الصبية) is a region in northern Kuwait on the north coast of Kuwait Bay. It consisting of several micro-regions: Bahra, H3 (Jazirat Dubaji), Nahdain, Radha, Muhaita, Mughaira, Dubaij, and Ras al-Subiyah. The area features archaeological sites with tumuli graves, settlements, campsites, wells, and shell middens. Most of the tumuli date to the Early and Middle Bronze Age (3rd–2nd millennium BC). Subiya is the location of the Silk City project, the project's first phase was launched in May 2019.

Bahra 1
Bahra 1 is an archaeological site in the Subiya region on the coast of Kuwait Bay (Kuwait) associated with the Ubaid culture. It is one of the earliest Ubaid culture settlements in the Persian Gulf region, about 5500–4900 BC.
Hill Forts of Rajasthan
The Hill Forts of Rajasthan are a group of six historic forts located across Rajasthan state in northwestern India. They have been clustered as a series and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013. The hill forts series include—Chittor Fort at Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh Fort at Rajsamand, Ranthambore Fort at Sawai Madhopur, Gagron Fort at Jhalawar, Amer Fort at Jaipur and Jaisalmer Fort at Jaisalmer.

Rajasthan has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. The "Hill Forts of Rajasthan" was initially submitted to the UNESCO as a serial property formed by five Rajput forts in the Aravalli Range and were built and enhanced between the 5th and 18th centuries CE by several Rajput kings of different kingdoms. The Mehrangarh Fort at Jodhpur, is a hill fort but is not recognised by UNESCO as a heritage site. Some of these forts have defensive fortification wall up to 20 km long, still surviving urban centers and still in use water harvesting mechanism.

Kumbhalgarh
Kumbhalgarh also known as the Great Wall of India, is a fortress located on the western range of the Aravalli Hills in Kumbhalgarh, Rajsamand district, Rajasthan, India. Located approximately 48 km (30 mi) from Rajsamand and 84 km (52 mi) from Udaipur, the fort was constructed in the 15th century by Rana Kumbha. The wall of Kumbhalgarh is one of the longest continuous walls in the world, spanning 36 kilometers. It is also the birthplace of great king and military leader Maharana Pratap of Mewar.

In 2013, at the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Kumbhalgarh Fort, along with five other forts of Rajasthan, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the group Hill Forts of Rajasthan.
Gurdaspur district
Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, and the districts of Amritsar, Pathankot, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur. Two main rivers Beas and Ravi passes through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district. The district is at the foothills of the Himalayas.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Ludhiana and Amritsar. Batala, with 31% of the district's population, is its largest city.

Pathankot district
Pathankot district, the northernmost district of Punjab, India, was formed on 27 July 2011, after being carved out from Gurdaspur district. Pathankot serves as the district headquarters. The district shares its borders with Pakistan to the west and lies strategically close to the Union territory of Jammu & Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh, making it a vital trade and transportation hub in the region.
Robin (wrestler)
Robin Ivan Alvarado Dominguez, known under the ring-name Robin, is a Mexican luchador (professional wrestler). He works for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and portrays a tecnico ("Good guy") wrestling character. He is a part of the extensive Alvarado wrestling family, the son of José Aarón Alvarado Nieves who wrestled as "Brazo Cibernético" and "Robin Hood", and grandson of Juan Alvarado Ibarra, better known as Shadito Cruz.

José Aarón Alvarado Nieves
José Aarón Alvarado Nieves (May 9, 1966 – October 27, 1999) was a Mexican luchador or masked professional wrestler, best known under the ring names Robin Hood, El Arquero and Brazo Cibernético. José Aarón was a member  of the extensive Alvarado wrestling family founded by his father, Shadito Cruz, which includes José Aarón's five brothers and a large number of third-generation wrestlers. Most of the Alvarado family wrestlers are using or have used a ring name including the word "Brazo" ("Arm") at some point in their careers. He died from an infection.
Rafael Perestrello
Rafael Perestrello (fl. 1514–1517) was a Portuguese explorer and a cousin of Filipa Moniz Perestrello, the wife of explorer Christopher Columbus. He is best known for landing on the southern shores of mainland China in 1516 and 1517 to trade in Guangzhou (then romanized as "Canton"), after the Portuguese explorer Jorge Álvares landed on Lintin Island within the Pearl River estuary in May 1513. Rafael also served as a trader and naval ship captain for the Portuguese in Sumatra and Portuguese-conquered Malacca.

João de Barros (1496–1570) wrote that Rafael Perestrello almost became lost while sailing by the Andaman Islands, but ventured safely through territory that was rumored to be inhabited by native cannibals.

Portuguese Malacca
Portuguese control of Malacca—a city on the Malay Peninsula—spanned a 130 year period from 1511 to 1641 as a possession of the Portuguese East Indies. It was captured from the Malacca Sultanate as part of Portuguese attempts to gain control of trade in the region. Although multiple attempts to conquer it were repulsed, the city was eventually lost to an alliance of Dutch and regional forces, thus beginning a period of Dutch rule.
Erstwhile Records
Erstwhile Records is an independent record label devoted to free improvisation, particularly the electroacoustic variety, contemporary, experimental composed music, and combinations of both. Erstwhile was founded by Jon Abbey in 1999, whose personality and tastes are closely identified with the label.

Characteristic label artists include guitarist Keith Rowe, percussionist Günter Müller, guitarist / turntablist Otomo Yoshihide, homemade electronics group Voice Crack, sine wave improviser Sachiko M, concrete artist Jason Lescalleet, guitarist / laptop composer Fennesz, guitarist Burkhard Stangl and synthesizer player Thomas Lehn, as well as younger musicians such as clarinetist Kai Fagaschinski. In recent years, also artists connected to the Wandelweiser group started releasing albums on the label, such as American composer Michael Pisaro.

Keith Rowe
Keith Rowe (born 16 March 1940 in Plymouth, England) is an English free improvisation tabletop guitarist and painter. Rowe is a founding member of both AMM in the mid-1960s and M.I.M.E.O. Having trained as a visual artist, his paintings have appeared on most of his albums. He is seen as a godfather of EAI (electroacoustic improvisation), with many of his recordings having been released by Erstwhile.
Palamu district
Palamu district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand, India. It was formed in 1892. The administrative headquarters of the district is Medininagar, situated on the Koel River. Palamu district lies in north-western part of Jharkhand. It shares border with Chatra, Garhwa & Latehar Districts of Jharkhand state.

Garhwa district
Garhwa district is one of the twenty-four districts in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The Garhwa District is part of the Palamu division and has its administrative headquarters in Garhwa City.Garhwa district is located in west northern part of Jharkhand.
Alvin Lee
Alvin Lee (born Graham Anthony Barnes; 19 December 1944 – 6 March 2013) was an English guitarist, singer and songwriter, who was best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the blues rock band Ten Years After.

Ten Years After
Ten Years After is an English blues rock group formed in Nottingham in 1966. They had eight consecutive albums in the Top 40 on the UK Albums Chart between 1968 and 1973. They also had twelve albums enter the US Billboard 200. The band are best known for tracks such as "I'm Going Home", "Hear Me Calling", "I'd Love to Change the World" and "Love Like a Man".
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Buenos Aires
The Faculty of Medical Sciences (Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; FMED), formerly and commonly known as the Faculty of Medicine, is the medical school of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA), the largest university in Argentina. Established in 1822 as one of the UBA's earliest divisions, FMED is presently the largest medical school in Argentina, with over 24,000 enrolled students as of 2011.

The Faculty operates most of the university's hospital network, including the Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", its main teaching hospital. It also has specialized research institutes dedicated to oncological, phthisiological, and cardiological studies.

Most of the faculty's facilities are housed in a large complex located opposite Plaza Houssay, in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Recoleta. The complex was inaugurated in 1944, and its prominence has made the area surrounding it known simply as "Facultad de Medicina".

Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín"
The Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín" is a teaching hospital located in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It belongs to the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) Faculty of Medical Sciences, currently the best ranked university in that country.
Milan Matulović
Milan Matulović (10 June 1935 – 9 October 2013) was a Serbian-Yugoslav chess grandmaster who was the third strongest Yugoslav player for much of the 1960s and 1970s behind Svetozar Gligorić and Borislav Ivkov. He was primarily active before 1977, but remained an occasional tournament competitor until 2006.

Borislav Ivkov
Borislav Ivkov (12 November 1933 – 14 February 2022) was a Yugoslav and Serbian chess Grandmaster, three-time Yugoslav Champion (1958, 1964, 1972), the first World Junior Champion (1951), and one of the most decorated players in the history of Chess Olympiad. He was a World championship candidate in 1965 and played in four more Interzonal tournaments in 1967, 1970, 1973 and 1979.

He represented Yugoslavia 12 times in Olympiad competition, from 1956 to 1980, and six times in European Team Championships.

Ivkov won numerous top-class events during his career; notable tournament triumphs include Mar del Plata 1955, Buenos Aires 1955, Beverwijk 1961, Zagreb 1965, Sarajevo 1967, Amsterdam-IBM 1974, and Moscow 1999. For more than 15 years from the mid-1950s, he was the second-ranking Yugoslav player, after Svetozar Gligorić. He wrote an autobiography, My 60 Years in Chess.
Arkansas Highway 157
Highway 157 (AR 157, Ark. 157, and Hwy. 157) is a designation for two state highways in Northeast Arkansas. One segment begins at Highway 367 in Judsonia and runs north to Highway 14 near Oil Trough. A second, short industrial access road also carries the Highway 157 designation in Diaz. Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

One of the oldest roads through the region, the path of present-day Highway 157 was part of the original Southwest Trail in the 1820s, as was used by Brigadier General Samuel R. Curtis' Army of the Southwest during the Pea Ridge Campaign of the Civil War. Highway 157 became a state highway in 1937, and was extended over the years during periods of system expansion. The Diaz segment was created in 1976.

Arkansas Highway 14
Arkansas Highway 14 (AR 14) is a designation for two state highways in the U.S. state of Arkansas. One segment of 208.12 miles (334.94 km) begins east of Table Rock Lake and runs east to Interstate 555 (I-555) at Payneway. A second segment of 19.23 miles (30.95 km) runs from Highway 140 in Lepanto east to Mississippi CR S449 at Golden Lake. Segments of the highway are part of two Arkansas Scenic Byways: Sylamore Scenic Byway in the Ozark National Forest and the Crowley's Ridge Parkway atop Crowley's Ridge.

The highway's general alignment between the western terminus and Marked Tree closely follows the original routing as established in the initial 1926 Arkansas state highway numbering plan. The route from Lepanto east across I-55 to Golden Lake is a later extension.
Interstate 129
Interstate 129 (I-129) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway which connects South Sioux City, Nebraska, to I-29 in Sioux City, Iowa. Opened in 1976, I-129 is a 3.5-mile-long (5.6 km) route, running 3.21 miles (5.17 km) in Nebraska. At 0.286 miles (0.460 km), I-129 is the shortest highway in the state of Iowa. All of the route's length is concurrent with U.S. Route 20 (US 20) and most of its length is concurrent with US 75.

Interstate 29 in Iowa
In the US state of Iowa, Interstate 29 (I-29) is a north–south Interstate Highway, which closely parallels the Missouri River. I-29 enters Iowa from Missouri near Hamburg and heads to the north-northwest through the Omaha–Council Bluffs and the Sioux City areas. It exits the state by crossing the Big Sioux River into South Dakota. For its entire distance through the state, I-29 runs on the flat land between the Missouri River and the Loess Hills, and is also part of the Lewis and Clark Trail.

I-29 was built in sections over a period of 15 years. When there was a shortage of male workers, female workers stepped in to build a 20-mile (32 km) section near Missouri Valley. Between Council Bluffs and Sioux City, I-29 replaced U.S. Highway 75 (US 75) as the major route in western Iowa. As a result of I-29's creation, US 75 south of Sioux City was relocated into Nebraska.
Elba
Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba, pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba]; Latin: Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica.

The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio.

It is famous for being the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815.

Porto Azzurro
Porto Azzurro is a comune (municipality)  in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany; it is on the island of Elba, located about 130 kilometres (81 miles) southwest of Florence and about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Livorno. It was formerly called Porto Longone, and in 1557 Iacopo VI Appiani, Prince of Piombino, granted Spain the right to build a fortress there, so it was transferred to the State of the Presidi that it was born as a direct possession of the crown of Spain. The state had only governors sent by the central Spanish government first and then Austrian. In 1801, Napoleon established the Kingdom of Etruria. Eventually it was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Diocese of Las Cruces
The Diocese of Las Cruces (Latin: Dioecesis Cruciensis, Spanish: Diócesis de Las Cruces) is the Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in southern New Mexico in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe.

The mother church of the Diocese of Las Cruces is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Las Cruces. As of 2025, the bishop is Peter Baldacchino.

Archdiocese of Santa Fe
The Archdiocese of Santa Fe (Latin: Archidioecesis Sanctae Fidei in America Septentrionali, Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Santa Fe) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the southwestern region of the United States in the state of New Mexico.

While the mother church of the archdiocese, the Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, is in the city of Santa Fe, its administrative center is in the city of Albuquerque, approximately sixty miles away. The current archbishop is John Charles Wester, who was installed on June 4, 2015.

The archdiocese filed for bankruptcy in 2019, followed by a bankruptcy plan in 2022.
Museu de les Arts Decoratives
The Museu de les Arts Decoratives, in English Decorative Arts Museum, is a museum opened in 1932 and located in the Palau Reial de Pedralbes in Barcelona. Created in 1932, this historic museum contains a rich and diverse collection of European decorative arts, from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution. In 1995, the museum extended its boundaries with the incorporation of design, thus converting it into the first and only statewide museum concerned with the preservation and exhibition of Spanish industrial design. The collections of the Museu de les Arts Decoratives were created from an important resource of industrial design and decorative art objects, that included salvers, carriages, furniture, wallpaper, clocks, tapestries and glasswork.

Together with Museu Tèxtil i d'Indumentària and the Gabinet de les Arts Gràfiques, it is part of the Disseny Hub Barcelona.

Gabinet de les Arts Gràfiques
The Gabinet de les Arts Gràfiques, in English Graphic Arts Cabinet, is a museum opened in 1942 and located in the Palau Reial de Pedralbes in Barcelona. Together with Museu de les Arts Decoratives and the Museu Tèxtil i d'Indumentària, it is part of the Disseny Hub Barcelona.
Somali writing systems
A number of writing systems have been used to transcribe the Somali language. Of these, the Somali Latin alphabet is the most widely used. It has been the official writing script in Somalia since the Supreme Revolutionary Council formally introduced it in October 1972, and was disseminated through a nationwide rural literacy campaign. Prior to the twentieth century, the Arabic script was used for writing Somali. An extensive literary and administrative corpus exists in Arabic script. It was the main script historically used by the various Somali sultans to keep records. Writing systems that developed locally in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare scripts.

Gadabuursi Somali Script
The  Gadabuursi script, also known as the Borama script (Borama: ), is an alphabetic script for the Somali language. It was devised around 1933 by Sheikh Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur of the Gadabuursi clan, and principally used in and around his home town of Borama.