hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Horatio Hartley
Horatio Hartley (1826–1903) was an American gold prospector who participated in the Otago gold rush in New Zealand in the 1860s.

In 1862, Hartley discovered gold near Clutha River with Christopher Reilly. The location was proclaimed as the Dunstan goldfield on 23 September 1862.

Christopher Reilly
Christopher Reilly (sometimes spelt Riley) was an Irish gold prospector who participated in the Otago gold rush in New Zealand in the 1860s.

In 1862, Reilly discovered gold on the Clutha River with Horatio Hartley. The location was proclaimed as the Dunstan goldfield on 23 September 1862.
Dyspontium
Dyspontium (Ancient Greek: Δυσπόντιον) was one of the eight towns of Pisatis in ancient Elis. It was situated in the plain between Elis and Olympia, north of the river Alpheus and not far from the sea. It has been identified with the modern village Skafidia. Pausanias writes that in the time of king Pyrrhus of Pisatis, the cities of Pisa, Makistos, Scillus, and Dyspontium rebelled against the Eleans because of the organization of the Olympic Games. Pisa and its allies were defeated and their cities were destroyed (c. 575 BCE). After the city was destroyed, many of its inhabitants moved to Epidamnus and Apollonia. 
According to local legend, the town was founded by Dysponteus, son of Oenomaus, though Stephanus of Byzantium refers to him as a son of Pelops.

Pisa, Greece
Pisa (Ancient Greek: Πῖσα) is a village situated 2.15 kilometres (1.34 mi) to the east of Olympia, Greece, located on the northwest side of the Peloponnesus peninsula. Currently it is not politically independent but it is a community of the municipality of Ancient Olympia, in the regional unit of Elis.

Modern Pisa is the putative location of ancient Pisa. Greek history tells of a contention between Olympia, Pisa, and Elis, a village of ancient Elis, for supremacy of the region and management of the sacred precinct. The existence of an ancient district called Pisatis (ἡ Πισᾶτις), which included 8 villages over half of modern Elis, is indicated by many ancient authors. Such a political unit is certain for the 4th century BC. The tradition of an earlier unit is not an unreasonable one. Eventually Olympia was victorious in the contention and Pisa became part of Olympia rather than vice versa.
McCann (company)
McCann, formerly McCann Erickson, is an American global advertising agency network, with offices in over 120 countries. McCann is part of McCann Worldgroup, along with several other agencies, including direct digital marketing agency MRM//McCann, experiential marketing agency Momentum Worldwide, healthcare marketing group McCann Health, and public-relations and strategic-communications agency Weber Shandwick.

McCann Worldgroup, along with agency networks MullenLowe and FCB, make up The Interpublic Group of Companies (IPG), one of the four large holding companies in the advertising industry.

Momentum Worldwide
Momentum Worldwide is a global experiential marketing firm, headquartered in New York, formed in 1987. The company is part of agency network Omnicom, after its previous owner Interpublic Group (IPG) was acquired in 2025.
Cypress Park, Los Angeles
Cypress Park is a densely populated neighborhood of 10,000+ residents in Northeast Los Angeles, California. Surrounded by hills on three sides, it sits in the valley created by the Los Angeles River and the Arroyo Seco.  It is the site of the Rio de Los Angeles State Park, the Los Angeles River Bike Path and other recreational facilities. It hosts one private and four public schools.

The area was settled as Rancho San Rafael which, after the Mexican–American War, became the property of an American landowner. After his death, Cypress Park was subdivided and established as a community in 1882.

There are four Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Cypress Park.

The area is currently undergoing rapid to moderate gentrification due to its close proximity to Highland Park, Downtown and various transportation hubs.

Rancho San Rafael
Rancho San Rafael was a 36,403-acre (147.32 km2) Spanish land grant in the San Rafael Hills, bordering the Los Angeles River and the Arroyo Seco in present-day Los Angeles County, southern California, given in 1784 to Jose Maria Verdugo.
Playa Grande, Guatemala
Playa Grande ("Big beach") is the administrative centre of the municipality of Ixcán in the Guatemalan department of El Quiché.

Native Mayan languages spoken in the area include, among many others, Uspantek and Q'eqchi', although Spanish is also common.

Its annual festival is held from 15 to 17 May.

Playa Grande has an airport, Playa Grande Airport.  Its International Air Transport Association code is PKJ.

Ixcán
Ixcán is a municipality in the Guatemalan department of El Quiché. Its administrative centre is the town of Playa Grande. The municipality consists of 176 communities, called aldeas. It has an area of 1,693 km2. It is the northernmost municipality of El Quiché, and borders with Mexico, the municipalities of Chisec and Cobán of the Department of Alta Verapaz, the municipality of Santa Cruz Barillas of the Department of Huehuetenango, and the municipalities of Chajul and Uspantán of El Quiché.

Native Mayan languages include Qʼeqchiʼ, Qʼanjobʼal, Mam, Popti and Kʼicheʼ. Spanish is also common.

Its annual festival is held from 15 to 17 May.

Ixcán has an airport. Its International Air Transport Association code is PKJ. The population of the municipality was 99,470 at the 2018 census.
IPHWR
The IPHWR (Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) is a class of Indian pressurized heavy-water reactors designed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. The baseline 220 MWe design was developed from the CANDU based RAPS-1 and RAPS-2 reactors built at Rawatbhata, Rajasthan. Later the design was indigenised and scaled to 540 MWe and 700 MWe. Currently there are 19 units of various types operational at various locations in India (14 IPHWR-220, 2 IPHWR - 540 and 3 IPHWR-700) and 13 more IPHWR-700 reactors under construction/planned.

IPHWR-700
The IPHWR-700 (Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor-700) is an Indian pressurized heavy-water reactor designed by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL). It is a Generation III+ reactor developed from earlier CANDU based 220 MW and 540 MW designs. It can generate 700 MW of electricity. Currently there are 3 units operational, 3 unit under construction and 12 more units planned, at a combined cost of ₹1.05 lakh crore (US$12 billion).
Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York
Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York (1355 – 23 December 1392) was the daughter of King Peter and his mistress María de Padilla (d. 1361). She accompanied her elder sister, Constance, to England after Constance's marriage to John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and married Gaunt's younger brother, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York.

Peter of Castile
Peter (Spanish: Pedro; 30 August 1334 – 23 March 1369), called Peter the Cruel (el Cruel) or the Just (el Justo), was King of Castile and León from 1350 to 1369. Peter was the last ruler of the main branch of the House of Ivrea. He was excommunicated by Pope Urban V for his persecutions and cruelties committed against the clergy.
Herzl Museum
31°46.349′N 35°10.890′E﻿ / ﻿31.772483°N 35.181500°E﻿ / 31.772483; 35.181500

The Herzl Museum is a museum in Jerusalem, which deals with activities and vision of Theodor Herzl. The museum is located at the main entrance plaza to Mount Herzl.

Mount Herzl
Mount Herzl (Hebrew: הַר הֶרְצְל Har Hertsl), also Har ha-Zikaron (הַר הַזִּכָּרוֹן‎ lit. "Mount of Remembrance"), is the site of Israel's national cemetery and other memorial and educational facilities, found on the west side of Jerusalem beside the Jerusalem Forest.

It is named after Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism. Herzl's tomb lies at the top of the hill. Yad Vashem, which commemorates the Holocaust, lies to the west of Mt. Herzl. Israel's war dead are also buried there. Mount Herzl is 834 metres (2,736 ft) above sea level.
Freemasonry in France
Freemasonry in France (French: Franc-maçonnerie) has been influential on the worldwide Masonic movement due to its founding of Continental Freemasonry.

There are many and varied Masonic rites and obediences in France. The main male-only masonic organisations are the Grande Loge de France and the Grande Loge Nationale Française, the main female-only organisation is the Women's Grand Lodge Of France, and the main mixed organisations are now the Grand Orient de France and Le Droit Humain. In addition, organisations like the SRIA also operate in France, with colleges across the country.

Grande Loge Nationale Française
The Grande Loge Nationale Française (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d lɔʒ nɑsjɔnal fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; abbr. GLNF) is a French Masonic Grand Lodge. It was founded in 1913, by two lodges, "Le Centre des Amis" Lodge splitting from Grand Orient de France and "L'Anglaise" lodge, an independent lodge based in Bordeaux. GLNF is based on monotheism and the 1929 precepts of regularity issued by the United Grand Lodge of England.

The all-male Grande Loge traditionnelle et symbolique Opéra split from the GLNF in 1958, as did the National French Lodge in 1968, and more recently the Grand Prieuré des Gaules.
Superman: The Complete Comic Strips 1939–1966
Superman: The Complete Comic Strips 1939–1966  is an unofficial umbrella name for the six following titles: Superman: The Golden Age Dailies, Superman: The Golden Age Sundays; Superman: The Atomic Age Dailies, Superman: The Atomic Age Sundays; Superman: The Silver Age Dailies and Superman: The Silver Age Sundays, all published by The Library of American Comics. These six series of books collects the complete run of the American comic strip Superman by DC Comics, which was originally distributed in newspapers by the McClure Syndicate between 1939 and 1966.

Superman (comic strip)
Superman was a daily newspaper comic strip which began on January 16, 1939, and a separate Sunday strip was added on November 5, 1939. These strips ran continuously until May 1966. In 1941, the McClure Syndicate had placed the strip in hundreds of newspapers.  At its peak, the strip, featuring Superman, was in over 300 daily newspapers and 90 Sunday papers, with a readership of over 20 million. A spin-off, Lois Lane, Girl Reporter, ran irregularly between 1943 and 1944.

During the National Comics Publications v. Fawcett Publications court case, the District Court ruled that McClure Syndicate failed to place the copyright notice on some of the strips and thus those strips are in the public domain.
Ernst angle
In nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, the Ernst angle is the flip angle that maximizes the steady-state signal for a spin with a spin–lattice relaxation time  using a flip repetition time , assuming transverse magnetization is eliminated between flips. The Ernst angle  is calculated using the following relationship, derived by Richard R. Ernst, who won the 1991 Nobel Prize in Chemistry:

The derivation of the Ernst angle equation explicitly assumes that all transverse magnetization is completely eliminated between repetition times. This elimination is achieved in practice through spoiler gradients (in MRI) or by using a long enough  for complete  decay (in NMR).

Spin–lattice relaxation
During nuclear magnetic resonance observations, spin–lattice relaxation is the mechanism by which the longitudinal component of the total nuclear magnetic moment vector (parallel to the constant magnetic field) exponentially relaxes from a higher energy, non-equilibrium state to thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings (the "lattice").  It is characterized by the spin–lattice relaxation time, a time constant known as T1.

There is a different parameter, T2, the spin–spin relaxation time, which concerns the exponential relaxation of the transverse component of the nuclear magnetization vector (perpendicular to the external magnetic field). Measuring the variation of T1 and T2 in different materials is the basis for some magnetic resonance imaging techniques.
South Sudbury station
South Sudbury station is a former commuter rail station in Sudbury, Massachusetts. It was located at the junction of the Massachusetts Central Railroad, succeeded by the Central Massachusetts Railroad, and the Framingham and Lowell Railroad, slightly north of Boston Post Road (U.S. Route 20) in South Sudbury. The Boston and Maine Railroad station was incorporated into the MBTA Commuter Rail through subsidies in 1965. The station was closed in November 1971 when the branch's last remaining round trip was discontinued.: 369–371, 373  The 1952-built station building was a private business until its closure in 2019.

Central Massachusetts Railroad
The Central Massachusetts Railroad was a railroad in Massachusetts. The eastern terminus of the line was at North Cambridge Junction where it split off from the Middlesex Central Branch of the Boston and Lowell Railroad in North Cambridge and through which it had access to North Station in Boston.  From there, the route ran 98.77 miles west through the modern-day towns of Belmont, Waltham, Weston, Wayland, Sudbury, Hudson, Bolton, Berlin, Clinton, West Boylston, Holden, Rutland, Oakham, Barre, New Braintree, Hardwick, Ware, Palmer, Belchertown, Amherst, and Hadley to its western terminal junction at N. O. Tower in Northampton with the Connecticut River Railroad.
Geneva II Conference on Syria
The Geneva II Conference on Syria (also called Geneva II Middle East peace conference or simply Geneva II) was a United Nations-backed international peace conference on the future of Syria with the aim of ending the Syrian Civil War, by bringing together the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition to discuss the clear steps towards a transitional government for Syria with full executive powers. The conference took place on 22 January 2014 in Montreux, on 23–31 January 2014 in Geneva (Switzerland), and again on 10–15 February 2014.

This conference was pursued by UN peace envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi in cooperation with the United States and Russia. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least 1,870 people died across Syria during the nine days of the conference.

New peace negotiations took place in 2016 in the new Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016).

Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan
The Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan for Syria refers to the joint UN-Arab League peace mission, headed by Lakhdar Brahimi in order to resolve the Syria Crisis. On 17 August 2012, Brahimi was appointed by the United Nations as the new peace envoy to Syria, replacing Kofi Annan, who had previously resigned, following the collapse of his cease fire attempt.
Mall of Travancore
Mall of Travancore (MOT) is a shopping mall located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Developed by Malabar Group, it is the first shopping mall in Thiruvananthapuram. The Mall was initiated by Malabar Developers in 2014 and was completed in 2018. It covers an area of 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2). This is the second largest mall in Thiruvananthapuram after the Lulu Mall. The mall has three floors of retail space, comprising more than 150 retailers.

Lulu Mall, Thiruvananthapuram
Lulu Mall Thiruvananthapuram is a shopping mall located in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, India. With a total built up area of 22,00,003 sq.ft, it is the biggest mall in Kerala and one of the largest malls in India.

The shopping mall is located along the side of National Highway 66 at Aakkulam near Technopark the biggest IT park in Kerala. The mall has around 300 national and international brands and 12 anchor stores including a Lulu Hypermarket, largest indoor entertainment zone in the country, a multilevel car parking space for more than 3,800 cars. It also has the largest food court in India with a capacity for 2500 people serving various regional, international cuisines. The mall houses Kerala's only PVR  Superplex having 12 screens and the state's first IMAX screen by PVR cinemas. The property is owned and managed by M.A. Yusuff Ali, the chairman and managing director of LuLu Group International.
Makoto Nakahara
Makoto Nakahara (中原 誠, Nakahara Makoto; born September 2, 1947) is a Japanese retired professional shogi player who achieved the rank of 9-dan. He was one of the strongest shogi players of the Shōwa period (1926–1989) and holds the titles of Lifetime Kisei, Lifetime Meijin, Lifetime 10-dan, Lifetime Ōi, and Lifetime Ōza.

Kisei (shogi)
Kisei (棋聖) is one of the eight major titles in Japanese professional shogi. The word Kisei means an excellent player of shogi or go. Although 聖 can be translated as "sage", in this context it is probably better to see it in English as master or grandmaster, as in chess.

The Kisei tournament started in 1962. With the creation of the Kisei, there were five major title tournaments along with the Meijin, Tenth Dan (Ryūō), Ōshō, and Ōi titles. It was held twice a year until the year 1994. The challenger for Kisei title holder is determined by first, second, and final preliminary rounds. The player that wins three games out of five first in the championship will become the new Kisei title holder.
New York State Route 212
New York State Route 212 (NY 212) is an east–west state highway located entirely within Ulster County, New York, in the United States. It runs for 21.92 miles (35.28 km) from an intersection with NY 28 in the interior of the Catskill Park to a junction with U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) and NY 32 on the west bank of the Hudson River, providing a key interchange with the New York State Thruway (Interstate 87 or I-87) along the way. The mostly rural two-lane route serves the communities of Woodstock and Saugerties while passing Cooper Lake, Kingston's reservoir. NY 212 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.

U.S. Route 9W
U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the states of New Jersey and New York. It begins in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as Fletcher Avenue crosses the US 1/9, US 46, and Interstate 95 (I-95) approaches to the George Washington Bridge, and heads north up the west side of the Hudson River to US 9 in Albany, New York. As its "W" suffix indicates, US 9W is a westerly alternate route of US 9 between the two locations. US 9W directly serves three cities—Newburgh, Kingston, and Albany—and enters the vicinity of several others. As the route heads north, it connects to several highways of regional importance, including I-84, US 209, New York State Route 23 (NY 23), and US 20. Much of US 9W parallels the New York State Thruway and NY 32; additionally, the latter overlaps with US 9W in four locations.
Throttle response
Throttle response or vehicle responsiveness is a measure of how quickly a vehicle's prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine, can increase its power output in response to a driver's request for acceleration. Throttles are not used in diesel engines, but the term throttle can be used to refer to any input that modulates the power output of a vehicle's prime mover. Increased throttle response is often confused with increased power (Since increasing throttle response reduces the time needed to reach higher RPM speeds and consequently provides immediate access to an internal combustion engine's power and makes a slow car equipped with that engine, for example, feel quicker) but is more accurately described as time rate of change of power levels.

Throttle
A throttle is a mechanism by which fluid flow is managed by construction or obstruction.

An engine's power can be increased or decreased by the restriction of inlet gases (by the use of a throttle), but usually decreased. The term throttle has come to refer, informally, to any mechanism by which the power or speed of an engine is regulated, such as a car's accelerator pedal. What is often termed a throttle (in an aviation context) is also  called a thrust lever, particularly for jet engine powered aircraft. For a steam locomotive, the valve which controls the steam is known as the regulator.
Lakeridge Health Oshawa
Lakeridge Health Oshawa, formerly Oshawa General Hospital, is a hospital located in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in August 1910 in a two-story building, and major additions were made in the 1920s (surgical and maternity wings). "G" Wing opened in 1970 on the occasion of the hospital's 60th anniversary.

In 1998 the hospital, along with Memorial Hospital Bowmanville, North Durham Health Services, and Whitby General Hospital were placed under the administration of the Lakeridge Health Corporation. The hospital was renamed and, with the closing of Whitby General as a full-service hospital, was given health responsibility over both Oshawa and Whitby.

The hospital is now the largest in Regional Municipality of Durham, with 363 beds, and 75,000 emergency visits and 27,600 surgeries a year (information from 2006/2007).

A new north wing opened in January 2007, and further expansion is expected to increase total capacity to 637 beds by 2011.

Lakeridge Health Bowmanville
Lakeridge Health Bowmanville is a fully accredited hospital in Clarington, Ontario, Canada, servicing the municipality of Clarington. It is run by Lakeridge Health Corporation, part of the Central East Local Health Integration Network.

The hospital was founded as Memorial Hospital Bowmanville in 1913.

In 1998 the hospital, along with North Durham Health Services (Community Memorial Hospital Port Perry and Uxbridge Cottage Hospital), Oshawa General Hospital and Whitby General Hospital, were placed under the administration of the Lakeridge Health Corporation. Memorial Hospital was subsequently renamed, and Uxbridge Cottage Hospital has left the partnership and is now a site of the Markham Stouffville Hospital.
2015 CAF Confederation Cup group stage
The 2015 CAF Confederation Cup group stage was played from 26 June to 13 September 2015. A total of eight teams competed in the group stage to decide the four places in the knockout stage of the 2015 CAF Confederation Cup.

2015 CAF Confederation Cup knockout stage
The 2015 CAF Confederation Cup knockout stage was played from 26 September to 29 November 2015. A total of four teams competed in the knockout stage to decide the champions of the 2015 CAF Confederation Cup.
MHEG-5
MHEG-5, or ISO/IEC 13522–5, is part of a set of international standards relating to the presentation of multimedia information, standardised by the Multimedia and Hypermedia Experts Group (MHEG). It is most commonly used as a language to describe interactive television services.

Interactive television
Interactive television is a form of media convergence, adding data services to traditional television technology. It has included on-demand delivery of content, online shopping, and viewer polls. Interactive TV is an example of how new information technology can be integrated vertically into established technologies and commercial structures.