hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheung (surname)
Sheung is a Cantonese romanization of the Chinese surnames 常 (Cháng) and 商 (Shāng).

It's a very uncommon surname in the United States, with fewer than 100 people sharing it during the year 2000 US Census.

Chang (surname)
Cháng (/tʃɑːŋ/) is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 常 (Cháng). It was listed 80th among the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames.

"Chang" is also the Wade-Giles romanization of two Chinese surnames written Zhang in pinyin: one extremely common and written 張 in Traditional Chinese and 张 in Simplified Chinese, and another quite rare and written as 章 in both systems. There is also a rare case of 鄭 in Hong Kong written as Chang as well. For full details on them, see the "Zhang" 章 and "Zheng" 鄭 article. In Macao, this is the spelling of the surname "Zeng" 曾. "Chang" is also a common spelling of the surname 陈/陳 (Chen in Mandarin pinyin) in Peru.
Walter Harper
Walter Harper (1893 – October 25, 1918) was a mountain climber and guide of mixed white and Alaska Native ancestry. On Saturday, 7 June 1913, he was the first person to reach the summit of Denali (Mount McKinley), the highest mountain in North America. He was followed by the other members of the small expedition team, guide Harry Karstens, Episcopal archdeacon Hudson Stuck, who had organized the effort, and Episcopal missionary Robert Tatum.

After gaining more formal education, Harper married in 1918 and planned to attend medical school in Philadelphia. He and his wife took the steamer SS Princess Sophia from Skagway to Seattle for their honeymoon before setting off cross-country. The ship ran aground on a reef in a snowstorm, and was broken up in a gale, sinking on October 25. All 268 passengers and 75 crew were lost.

Robert Tatum
Robert George Tatum (August 20, 1891 – January 27, 1964) was an American mountain climber and Episcopal priest. He, along with Hudson Stuck, Harry Karstens, and Walter Harper made up the expedition that was the first to successfully climb Denali, the tallest mountain in North America, on June 7, 1913.
Cyaxares
Cyaxares was the third king of the Medes. He ascended to the throne in 625 BC, after his father Phraortes lost his life in a battle against the Assyrians, probably Ashurbanipal. Assyrian allies, the Scythians then ruled Media for 28 years before Cyaxeres overthrew Scythian domination and became king.

Cyaxares collaborated with the Babylonians to destroy the Assyrian Empire, and united most of the Iranian peoples of ancient Iran, thereby transforming Media into a major power.

Phraortes
Phraortes, son of Deioces, was the second king of the Median kingdom.

Like his father Deioces, Phraortes started wars against Assyria, but was defeated and killed by the Assyrian king, probably Ashurbanipal (r. 669-631 BC).
Levels of service
Levels of service (LOS) is a term in asset management referring to the quality of a given service. Defining and measuring levels of service is a key activity in developing infrastructure asset management plans. Levels of service may be tied to physical performance of assets or be defined via customer expectation and satisfaction. The latter is more service-centric rather than asset-centric. For instance, when measuring the LOS of a road, it could be measured by a physical performance indicator such as Pavement Condition Index (PCI) or by a measure related to customer satisfaction such as the number of complaints per month about that certain road section. Or in the case of traffic level of service, it could be measured by the geometry of road or by travel time of the vehicles, which reflects the quality of traffic flow. So, levels of service can have multiple facets: customer satisfaction, environmental requirements and legal requirements.

Pavement condition index
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section. The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. It is a statistical measure and requires manual survey of the pavement. This index was originally developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as an airfield pavement rating system, but later modified for roadway pavements and standardized by the ASTM. The surveying processes and calculation methods have been documented and standardized by ASTM for both roads and airport pavements:

ASTM D6433 - 20: Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys

ASTM D5340 - 20: Standard Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys
Jon Oliva
John Nicholas "Jon" Oliva (born July 22, 1959) is an American singer and musician. He is best known as the co-founder, keyboardist and lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Savatage, which he co-founded with his younger brother Criss Oliva. Since 1996 he has also been a songwriter, musician and vocalist in Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Producer Paul O'Neill referred to Oliva in numerous interviews as the single greatest vocalist/musician he has ever worked with.

Criss Oliva
Christopher Michael Oliva (April 3, 1963 – October 17, 1993) was an American musician who was the lead guitarist and co-founder of the heavy metal band Savatage. During his lifetime, he released seven studio albums and one EP with the band.
Boddam, Aberdeenshire
Boddam is a coastal village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is 29 miles (47 km) north of Aberdeen and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Peterhead. The settlement of Stirling Village lies immediately to the west. Sea cliffs rise to 200 feet (61 m), south of the village: a coastal path leads along these to the Bullers of Buchan.

Stirling Village
Stirling Village is a settlement in the Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, located on the A90 road immediately to the west of Boddam and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Peterhead.

The settlement was known for many years known simply as Stirling, until in 2004 it was renamed Stirling Village to avoid confusion with the newly granted city of Stirling.

The dome of the Remote Radar Head Buchan, an air defence radar station operated by the Royal Air Force, is located on Stirling Hill to the south of the village.
Pabillonis
Pabillonis (Sardinian: Pabillonis) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Medio Campidano in the Italian region Sardinia, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Sanluri.

Pabillonis borders the following municipalities: Gonnosfanadiga, Guspini, Mogoro, San Gavino Monreale, San Nicolò d'Arcidano, Sardara.

San Gavino Monreale
San Gavino Monreale (Sardinian: Santu 'Èngiu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Medio Campidano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cagliari, and roughly halfway between the latter and the town of Oristano.

San Gavino Monreale borders the following municipalities: Gonnosfanadiga, Pabillonis, Sanluri, Sardara, Villacidro. It is home to a castle.
Alvin Karpis
Alvin Francis Karpis (born Albin Francis Karpavičius; August 10, 1907 – August 26, 1979) was a Canadian–American criminal of Lithuanian descent known for being a leader of the Barker–Karpis Gang in the 1930s. Nicknamed "Creepy" for his sinister smile and called "Ray" by his gang members, Karpis led the gang along with Fred Barker and Arthur "Doc" Barker. There were only four "public enemies" ever given the title of "Public Enemy #1" by the FBI and he was the only one to be taken alive. The other three, John Dillinger, Pretty Boy Floyd, and Baby Face Nelson, were all killed before they could be captured. He also spent the longest time as a federal prisoner at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, serving twenty-six years.

Fred Barker
Frederick George Barker (December 12, 1901 – January 16, 1935) was an American criminal who, along with Alvin Karpis, co-founded the Barker-Karpis gang, which committed numerous robberies, murders and kidnappings during the 1930s. Barker was the youngest son of Ma Barker, all of whose children were criminals. He was killed in a lengthy gunfight with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1935.
Russian locomotive class U
The  Russian locomotive class U   (Russian: У) was a Russian express passenger steam locomotive type. The class U was a 4-6-0 four-cylinder compound locomotive which used de Glehn compound system.

One unit, Locomotive U-127 was preserved as part of a memorial to Vladimir Lenin, at the Museum of the Moscow Railway

Locomotive U-127
Russian steam locomotive U-127 is a 4-6-0 locomotive of type Russian locomotive class U, preserved at the Museum of the Moscow Railway next to Paveletsky Rail Terminal in Moscow. The locomotive was the first Russian steam locomotive preserved.
Ivanhoe Station
Ivanhoe or Ivanhoe Station is a pastoral lease and cattle station located just north of Kununurra in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Founded in 1893 by the Durack brothers, the station is presently owned by the Consolidated Pastoral Company.

Kununurra, Western Australia
Kununurra is a town in the far north of Western Australia located at the eastern extremity of the Kimberley approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the border with the Northern Territory. Kununurra was initiated to service the Ord River Irrigation Scheme. It is located on the traditional lands of the Miriwoong, an Aboriginal Australian people.

Kununurra is the largest town in Western Australia north of Broome, with the closest town being Wyndham, 100 kilometres (62 mi) away. Kununurra is 3,040 kilometres (1,889 mi) from Perth via the Great Northern Highway.

The town is situated among the scenic hills and ranges of the far north-east Kimberley region, having an abundance of fresh water, conserved by the Ord River Diversion dam and the main Ord River Dam.

The tropical agriculture crops grown in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) have changed over the years. Tourism and mining have also become important to the local economy.
Bhagalpur Junction railway station
Bhagalpur Junction railway station (station code: BGP), is an A-1 category railway station serving the city of Bhagalpur in the Bhagalpur district of Indian state of Bihar. It comes under jurisdiction of Malda Railway Division of Eastern Railway Zone of Indian Railways.
Bhagalpur Railway Station is among the 148 important stations that have been selected for redevelopment with world-class infrastructure having an airport like look. Ministry of Railways has approved its master plan for redevelopment at a cost of 481.60 crores and tender is in process. A new Bhagalpur station will also be built near the bypass (Chaudharidih village) at a cost of 200 crores.

Trains such as Bhagalpur - Howrah Vande Bharat Express, Vikramshila Express, Bhagalpur–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Superfast Express, Bhagalpur–Jammu Tawi Amarnath Express, Anga Express, etc originate from this station.

Bhagalpur–Jammu Tawi Amarnath Express
The 15097 / 15098 Bhagalpur Jammu Tawi Amarnath Superfast Express is an Express train belonging to Northern Railway zone that runs between Bhagalpur Junction and Jammu Tawi via Muzaffarpur in India. It is currently being operated with 15097/15098 train numbers on a weekly basis.
Anamudi Shola National Park
Anamudi Shola National Park is a protected area located along the Western Ghats of Idukki district in Kerala state, India. It is composed of Mannavan shola, Idivara shola and Pullardi shola, covering a total area of around 7.5 km². Draft notification of this new park was issued on 21 November 2003.

The park is administered by Munnar Wildlife Division, together with the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Eravikulam National Park, Pampadum Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary. 
The Western Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including all of Eravikulam National Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.

Pampadum Shola National Park
Pampadum Shola National Park is the smallest national park in Idukki district of Kerala in India. It is on the border with Kodaikanal, Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. The park is administered by the Kerala Department of Forests and Wildlife, Munnar Wildlife Division, together with the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Eravikulam National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary. The park adjoins the Allinagaram Reserved Forest within the proposed Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park.It  is a part of Palani hills stretched up  to Vandaravu peak. The Westerns Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including these parks, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.
Johnson State College
Johnson State College was a public liberal arts college in Johnson, Vermont, United States. The college was founded in 1828 by John Chesamore.

In 2018, Johnson State College merged with the former Lyndon State College to create Northern Vermont University, and later on in July 2023, Castleton University, Northern Vermont University-Johnson, Northern Vermont University-Lyndon, and Vermont Technical College merged to become Vermont State University.

Lyndon State College
Lyndon State College was a public liberal arts college in Lyndon, Vermont. In 2018, it merged with Johnson State College to create Northern Vermont University; the former campus of Lyndon State College is now the university's Lyndon campus. In July 2023, Castleton University, Northern Vermont University-Johnson, Northern Vermont University-Lyndon, and Vermont Technical College merged to become Vermont State University. It is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans (13 March 1753 - 23 June 1821), was the daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and Princess Maria Teresa d'Este. At the death of her brother, Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe, she became the wealthiest heiress in France prior to the French Revolution. She married Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the "regicide" Philippe Égalité, and was the mother of France's last king, Louis Philippe I. She was sister-in-law to Marie Thérèse Louise, Princess of Lamballe, and was the last member of the Bourbon-Penthièvre family.

Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon (16 November 1725 - 4 March 1793) was the son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon and his wife Marie Victoire de Noailles. He was therefore a grandson of Louis XIV and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. From birth he was known as the  Duke of Penthièvre. He also possessed the following titles: Prince of Lamballe (given later as a courtesy title to the duke's only surviving son); Prince of Carignano; Duke of Rambouillet; Duke of Aumale (1775); Duke of Gisors; Duke of Châteauvillain; Duke of Arc-en-Barrois; Duke of Amboise; Count of Eu; Count of Guingamp. He was the father in law of Philippe Égalité.
Old Grand-Dad
Old Grand-Dad is a brand of bourbon whiskey distilled at the Jim Beam distillery in Clermont, Kentucky. The brand was created by Raymond B. Hayden and named after his grandfather Meredith Basil Hayden Sr., who was a well known distiller during his lifetime. A fanciful portrait of Hayden Sr. is depicted on the front of each bottle. Today, it is owned and produced by Suntory Global Spirits.

As of December 2015, Old Grand-Dad and Old Overholt – both of which are Beam Suntory brands – are marketed together as "The Olds".

Old Overholt
Old Overholt is America's oldest continually maintained brand of whiskey. It was founded in West Overton, Pennsylvania, in 1810. Old Overholt is a rye whiskey distilled by A. Overholt & Co., currently a subsidiary of Suntory Global Spirits, which is a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan. It is produced at the Jim Beam distillery in Clermont, Kentucky. Old Overholt is one of the most commonly available straight rye whiskies in the United States, where it is available at most liquor stores. It is aged for four years and since early 2020 is non-chill filtered and bottled at 86 proof (43% alcohol by volume). A four-year bottled in bond, 100-proof version was released in late 2017. A. Overholt Monongahela Mash, featuring a more historic mashbill, was released in 2024. Because of its long history, Old Overholt has been called a "foundation stone of American whiskey."
Rock Ventures
Rock Ventures LLC (doing business as ROCK) is the holding company for the portfolio of companies, investments, and real estate properties owned by American businessman Dan Gilbert. It is based in Detroit, Michigan and engaged in community development in both Detroit and Cleveland, Ohio. Its over 110 affiliated companies included the Cleveland Cavaliers and Rocket Mortgage.

Dan Gilbert
Daniel Bruce Gilbert (born January 17, 1962) is an American billionaire businessman and philanthropist. He is the co-founder, majority owner, and chairman of Rocket Mortgage, and founder of Rock Ventures. He is also well-known as the owner of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association, the Cleveland Charge of the NBA G League, and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. As of May 2025, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$22.5 billion, making him the 88th richest person in the world.
Hoddle Highway
Hoddle Highway is an urban highway in Melbourne linking CityLink and the Eastern Freeway, itself a sub-section of Hoddle Main Road. Both of these names are not widely known to most drivers, as the entire allocation is still best known as by the names of its constituent parts: Hoddle Street, Punt Road and Barkly Street. This article will deal with the entire length of the corridor for sake of completion.

The highway is named after the surveyor Robert Hoddle, who planned central Melbourne's Hoddle Grid.

Eastern Freeway (Melbourne)
The Eastern Freeway is an urban freeway in eastern Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. It is one of the busiest freeways in the city, running in an east-west direction between the two major inner-urban arterial roads of Alexandra Parade and Hoddle Street, and the EastLink tollway. It is continually the widest freeway in Melbourne, with 12 lanes altogether at its western end. In other locations it consists of between six and 12 lanes. One of these lanes is reserved as an inbound transit lane reserved for vehicles with two or more occupants during peak hours west of Burke Road.
Dodoma Region
Dodoma Region (Mkoa wa Dodoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the city of Dodoma, which is also the capital of Tanzania. Dodoma region is located in central Tanzania, bordered by Singida region to the west, Manyara region to the north, Iringa region to the south, and Morogoro region to the east. Dodoma hosts the National Assembly of Tanzania or Bunge. Dodoma region also hosts one of the largest universities in Tanzania, the University of Dodoma. The region is the home of the Tanzanian wine industry, which is the second largest wine industry on the continent after South Africa. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,085,625; in the 2012 national census, the population was 2,083,588.

Singida Region
Singida Region (Mkoa wa Singida in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. It covers a land area of 49,340 km2 (19,050 sq mi), comparable in size to the nation of Slovakia. The region is bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, to the northeast by Manyara Region, to the east by Dodoma Region, to the southeast by Iringa Region, to the southwest by Mbeya Region and to the west by Tabora Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Singida. 
According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,008,058.
Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin
6°19′56″N 5°37′12″E﻿ / ﻿6.33222°N 5.62000°E﻿ / 6.33222; 5.62000

The Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin, located in Benin City, Nigeria, is notable as the home of the Oba of Benin and other royals.

The original palace, built by Oba Ewedo (1255–1280), was located at the heart of ancient City of Benin. A new palace was built by Oba Eweka II (1914–1932) after the original building was destroyed during the 1897 war with the British.

The palace is known for once housing the Benin Bronzes.

The Royal Palace of Oba of Benin is a celebration and preservation of the rich Benin culture. Most of the visitors to the palace are curators, archaeologists or historians.

Benin City
Benin City serves as the capital and largest metropolitan centre of Edo State, situated in southern Nigeria. It ranks as the fourth-most populous city in Nigeria, according to the 2006 national census, preceded by Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan.
The Good Son (TV series)
The Good Son is a Philippine television drama crime series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Emmanuel Q. Palo, Andoy L. Ranay and Jerome C. Pobocan, it stars Joshua Garcia, Jerome Ponce, McCoy de Leon, and Nash Aguas. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from September 25, 2017 to April 13, 2018, replacing A Love to Last, and was replaced by Since I Found You.

Originally titled as Kung Kailangan Mo Ako, the murder mystery addresses issues affecting family relationships such as infidelity, mental illness, particularly schizophrenia and pathological lying.

A Love to Last
A Love to Last is a 2017 Philippine television drama romantic family drama series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Jerry Lopez-Sineneng, Frasco S. Mortiz, Richard I. Arellano, and Rory B. Quintos, it stars Bea Alonzo, Ian Veneracion, and Iza Calzado. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from January 9 to September 22, 2017, replacing Magpahanggang Wakas and was replaced by The Good Son.
House of Representatives (South Korea)
The House of Representatives (Korean: 민의원; Hanja: 民議院) was the lower house of the National Assembly of South Korea during its First and Second Republics. The House of Representatives was established by the Constitution of the First Republic of Korea, which established a bicameral legislature. However, as the House of Councillors was never established during the First Republic, the House of Representatives acted as the only house in a unicameral legislature until the House of Councillors was actually established in the Second Republic.

Second Republic of Korea
The Second Republic of Korea (Korean: 제2공화국; RR: Je-i Gonghwaguk; lit. "Second Republic") was the government of South Korea from June 1960 to May 1961.

The Second Republic was founded months after the April Revolution mass protests against President Syngman Rhee, succeeding the First Republic and establishing a parliamentary government under President Yun Posun and Prime Minister Chang Myon. The Second Republic ended Rhee's authoritarianism and repression, formed a liberal democracy, and formulated the first Five-Year Plans to develop the formerly neglected economy. After thirteen months it was overthrown by the South Korean Army in the May 16 coup led by Park Chung Hee. The Second Republic was replaced by a provisional military government under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, leading to the Third Republic of Korea.

The short-lived Second Republic was the only parliamentary government in the history of South Korea.