hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conditional variance swap
A conditional variance swap is a type of variance swap or swap derivative product that allows investors to take exposure to volatility in the price of an underlying security but only while the underlying security is within a pre-specified price range.  This instrument can be useful for hedging complex volatility exposures, making a bet on the volatility levels contained in the skew of the underlying security's price, or  buying/selling variance at more attractive levels given a view on the underlying security.

Variance swap
A variance swap is an over-the-counter financial derivative that allows one to speculate on or hedge risks associated with the magnitude of movement, i.e. volatility, of some underlying product, like an exchange rate, interest rate, or stock index.

One leg of the swap will pay an amount based upon the realized variance of the price changes of the underlying product.  Conventionally, these price changes will be daily log returns, based upon the most commonly used closing price.  The other leg of the swap will pay a fixed amount, which is the strike, quoted at the deal's inception.  Thus the net payoff to the counterparties will be the difference between these two and will be settled in cash at the expiration of the deal, though some cash payments will likely be made along the way by one or the other counterparty to maintain agreed upon margin.
Central Catalan
Central Catalan (Catalan: català central) is an Eastern Catalan dialect spoken in the whole province of Barcelona, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona and most of the province of Girona, except for its northern part, where a transition to Northern Catalan begins.

This variety (when free of localisms from Barcelona, Tarragona or Girona) is perceived by most Catalans as the standard form in Catalonia. As such, it is the variety used in most written and audiovisual media, as well as in learning materials.

Catalan dialects
The Catalan dialects (and restrictively also, Valencian dialects) feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between its dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect.
Cypress Park, Los Angeles
Cypress Park is a densely populated neighborhood of 10,000+ residents in Northeast Los Angeles, California. Surrounded by hills on three sides, it sits in the valley created by the Los Angeles River and the Arroyo Seco.  It is the site of the Rio de Los Angeles State Park, the Los Angeles River Bike Path and other recreational facilities. It hosts one private and four public schools.

The area was settled as Rancho San Rafael which, after the Mexican–American War, became the property of an American landowner. After his death, Cypress Park was subdivided and established as a community in 1882.

There are four Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Cypress Park.

The area is currently undergoing rapid to moderate gentrification due to its close proximity to Highland Park, Downtown and various transportation hubs.

Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
The Arroyo Seco, meaning "dry stream" in Spanish, is a 24.9-mile-long (40.1 km) seasonal river, canyon, watershed, and cultural area in Los Angeles County, California. The area was explored by Gaspar de Portolà, who named the stream Arroyo Seco because its canyon had the least water of any he had seen. During this exploration, he met the Chief Hahamog-na (Hahamongna) of the Tongva Indians.
Raffaele Filippo Presutti
Raffaele Filippo Presutti OFMCap (8 January 1845 – 3 August 1914) was an Italian Bishop and Missionary who served as the Apostolic Vicar of Arabia from 13 September 1910 to his death on 3 August 1914; he also served as the Titular Bishop of Anchial.

Apostolic Vicariate of Arabia
The Apostolic Vicariate of Arabia (Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Arabiæ) was an apostolic vicariate of the Catholic Church with territorial jurisdiction for Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. The last Apostolic Vicar is Msgr. Paul Hinder, OFM Cap.
Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health
The Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health (CPPIH) was an independent, non-departmental public body sponsored by the UK Department of Health. The Commission was established by and act of Parliament on 10 December 2002 with a remit "to establish a new system of patient and public involvement in health for England involving traditionally hard to reach groups" – however, there was no agreed budget or management structure in place at that time. The Commission operated from September 2003 until March 2008 when it was replaced with local involvement networks (LINks), involvement mechanisms that extend public involvement to health and social care.

Local involvement network
Local involvement networks (LINks)  were launched by England's National Health Service in April 2008 following the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007.  They replaced the Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health (CPPIH) and patient and public involvement forums and existed in every local authority area with a responsibility for NHS health care and social services.

There were 151 LINks and the Government committed £84 million in funding to them until March 2011. They were abolished at the end of March 2013.
Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi
Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi (Arabic: سراج الدين المخزومي; d. circa 1480) was a 15th-century Muslim scholar and a disciple of contemporary scholar Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini. He was a follower of the Rifa'i Order of Sufism and espoused the ideas of the famous Sufi philosopher, Ibn Arabi.

Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini
Abū Hafs Sirāj al-Dīn al-Bulqīnī (Arabic: أبو حفص سراج الدين البلقيني; c. 1324–1403 CE); also known as just Sirajuddin al-Bulqini was an Egyptian scholar of Islamic Jurisprudence. Regarded as the foremost leading Shafi'i jurist of his time. He was known to have reached ijtihad in the science of jurisprudence.

He is a prominent scholar of the famous al-Bulqīnī family, which was an influential dynasty of Shāfiʿī judges, law professors, and administrators in Mamlūk Syria and Egypt. They were renowned for being the house of knowledge, virtue, leadership and generosity.
Lydia Moisés
Lydia Moisés (born February 3, 1983, in São Paulo) is a Brazilian contemporary Christian music singer. She has 5 discs recorded, and a DVD. In addition, she is known to be a former member of the Voz da Verdade Band, where she remained for 15 years and achieved great projection in the genre of gospel.

Voz da Verdade
Voz da Verdade (in English, Voice of Truth) is a Brazilian contemporary Christian band. It was founded in 1978. The group is part of Ministry of the Voice of Truth (Portuguese: Ministério Voz da Verdade), a religious institution. Voz is one of the most active religious bands in Brazil, with a 47-year career and has sold over five million units among LPs, CDs and DVDs.

The band became known through songs such as "4ª Dimensão", "Além do Rio Azul", "Lute", "Sou um Milagre", "Pra Quê?", "Projeto no Deserto" and "O Escudo", the biggest hit of the band. They are recognized for their diversity of influences and styles, including Rock, Pop, Jazz, Caribbean, Hip Hop, Country and Symphonic Metal. They were nominated for the Talent Trophy and the Promises Trophy.
Greilickville, Michigan
Greilickville (/ˈɡraɪlɪkvɪl, ɡreɪ-/ GRY-lik-vil, GRAY-) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,634, up from 1,530 at the 2010 census. The community is located within Elmwood Charter Township, and is located in the extreme southeast of the Leelanau Peninsula.

The community is located on the western shore of the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. Greilickville is immediately northwest of Traverse City, and is part of that city's urban area. Greilickville is the largest community in Leelanau County by population.

Elmwood Township, Leelanau County, Michigan
Elmwood Township is a charter township of Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,892 at the 2020 census, making it the largest township in Leelanau County by population. The southeasternmost township of Leelanau County, Elmwood Township is suburbanized, as it is immediately adjacent Traverse City, the largest city in Northern Michigan.
Col d'Allos
Col d'Allos (elevation 2,250 m (7,380 ft)) is a high mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in France. It connects Barcelonnette in the Ubaye Valley and Colmars.

It lies parallel to the Col de la Cayolle and Col de la Bonette west of the Parc National du Mercantour. The source of the Verdon River is near the pass.

Between 1911 and 1939, the Col d'Allos barely missed a year in the Tour de France (one of the most popular cols). François Faber was the first rider to cross the pass in 1911 and since then, it has been part of the route 33 times. It was last part of the 2000 Tour, (13th stage) when Pascal Hervé was the first to summit, in 2015 the mountain was again visited by Tour de France at Stage 17 this was won by Simon Geschke. Currently closed due to road works!! Planning is to open before summer 2025.

Col de la Cayolle
Col de la Cayolle (el. 2,326 m) is a high mountain pass in the French Alps at the border between the departments of Alpes-Maritimes and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in France. The highway connects Barcelonnette in the Ubaye Valley and Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes.

The mountain lies parallel to the Col d'Allos and Col de la Bonette in the Parc National du Mercantour. The Var River has its source near the pass, and the road leads to the red-rock Gorges de Daluis.
Charles Hamilton, 7th Earl of Selkirk
Charles Hamilton, 7th Earl of Selkirk (18 May 1847 – 2 May 1886), was a Scottish nobleman and officer. Charles Hamilton was the youngest son of William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton and Princess Marie Amelie of Baden.

William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton
William Alexander Archibald Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton and 8th Duke of Brandon (19 February 1811 – 8 July 1863) styled Earl of Angus and Arran before 1819 and Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale between 1819 and 1852, was a Scottish nobleman and the Premier Peer of Scotland.
Lucy Ayoub
Lucy Ayoub (Arabic: لوسي أيوب; Hebrew: לוסי איוב; born 21 June 1992) is an Israeli television presenter, poet and radio host, formerly of the Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation (IPBC) and currently working for Keshet Media Group. Ayoub co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 alongside Assi Azar, Bar Refaeli and Erez Tal.

Assi Azar
Assi Azar (Hebrew: אסי עזר; born 10 June 1979) is an Israeli television host and screenwriter. He is the creator of the romantic comedy TV series Beauty and the Baker (2013 - 2021) and co-creator of the new TV series, Metukim (2024 - present).
STS-88
STS-88 was the first Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). It was flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour, and took the first American module, the Unity node, to the station.

The seven-day mission was highlighted by the mating of the U.S.-built Unity node to the Functional Cargo Block (Zarya module) already in orbit, and three spacewalks to connect power and data transmission cables between the Node and the FGB. Zarya, built by Boeing and the Russian Space Agency, was launched on a Russian Proton rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in November 1998.

Other payloads on the STS-88 mission included the IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC), the Argentine Scientific Applications Satellite-S (SAC-A), the MightySat 1 Hitchhiker payload, the Space Experiment Module (SEM-07) and Getaway Special G-093 sponsored by the University of Michigan.

Zarya (ISS module)
Zarya (Russian: Заря, lit. 'Sunrise'), also known as the Functional Cargo Block (Russian: Функционально-грузовой блок), is the first module of the International Space Station (ISS). Launched on 20 November 1998 atop a Proton-K rocket, the module would serve as the ISS's primary source of power, propulsion, and guidance during its early years. As the ISS expanded, Zarya's role shifted primarily to storage, both internally and in its external fuel tanks. A descendant of the TKS spacecraft used in the Salyut programme, Zarya was built in Russia but financed by the United States. Its name, meaning "sunrise," symbolizes the beginning of a new era of international space cooperation.
Yaroslava Nechaeva
Yaroslava "Yasa" Nechaeva (Russian: Ярослава Нечаева, also romanized as Iaroslava Netchaeva) is a former ice dancer who competed with Yuri Chesnichenko for the Soviet Union, Russia, and Latvia. She currently lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan where she works as a coach.

Yuri Chesnichenko
Yuri Chesnichenko (Russian: Юрий Чесниченко, also romanized French-style as Iouri Tchesnitchenko) is a former ice dancer who competed with Yaroslava Nechaeva for the Soviet Union, Russia, and Latvia. He currently lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan where he works as a coach.
Nunthorpe
Nunthorpe is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Middlesbrough in North Yorkshire, England.

It is part of the historic county of Yorkshire, North Riding. It is near to the village of Great Ayton and formerly part of the Ayton ancient parish until 1866.

Borough of Middlesbrough
The Borough of Middlesbrough is a district in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Tees Valley region, along with the boroughs of Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar and Cleveland, Hartlepool and Darlington. The district covers the town of Middlesbrough, Nunthorpe civil parish and Stainton and Thornton civil parish. Since its creation in 1974, it has had borough status and the governing Middlesbrough Council became a unitary authority in 1996.
Stokken
Stokken is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway.  The 11-square-kilometre (4.2 sq mi) municipality existed from 1919 until 1962 when it was merged into the newly created Moland municipality. Today, the area is a part of the present-day municipality of Arendal in Agder county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Eydehavn. The Stokken Church was the main church for the small municipality located just outside the town of Arendal.

Moland
Moland is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway. The 127-square-kilometre (49 sq mi) municipality existed from 1962 until 1992 when it was merged into the present-day municipality of Arendal which is located in what is now Agder county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Eydehavn which had a population of 6,011 in 1967 and 8,148 in 1992. Other villages in the municipality included Kilsund, Narestø, Saltrød, Brekka, Strengereid, Vatnebu, and Sagene. The municipality consisted of the mainland area to the north and northeast of the town of Arendal plus the islands of Flostaøya and Tverrdalsøya.
Meherpur District
Meherpur District (Bengali: মেহেরপুর জেলা) is a northwestern district of Khulna Division in southwestern Bangladesh. It is bordered by West Bengal, India in the west, and by the Bangladeshi districts of Kushtia and Chuadanga to the east.  Pre-independence Meherpur was a subdivision of Nadia district. The district has an area of 716.08 square kilometres (276.48 sq mi).

Districts of Bangladesh
The divisions of Bangladesh are further divided into districts or zilas (Bengali: জেলা). The headquarters of a district is called the district seat (Bengali: জেলা সদর, romanized: zila sadar). There are 64 districts in Bangladesh. The districts are further subdivided into 495 subdistricts or upazilas.
Cheadle, Staffordshire
Cheadle is a market town and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands District of Staffordshire, England. It is located between Uttoxeter, Leek, Ashbourne and Stoke-on-Trent. Dating back to Anglo-Saxon times, it lies within the historic Staffordshire Hundred of Totmonslow. In 2011 the parish had a population of 12,165.

Uttoxeter
Uttoxeter (/juːˈtɒksɪtər/ ⓘ yoo-TOK-sit-ər, locally also /ˈʊtʃɪtər/ UUTCH-it-ər) is a market town and civil parish in the East Staffordshire borough of Staffordshire, England. It is near to the Derbyshire county border.

The town is 14 miles (23 km) from Burton upon Trent via the A50 and the A38, 14 miles (23 km) from Stafford via the A518, 16 miles (26 km) from Stoke-on-Trent via the A50, and 20 miles (32 km) from Derby via the A50 and the A38, and 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Rugeley via the A518 and the B5013.

The population was 14,014 at the 2021 Census.

The town's literary connections include Samuel Johnson and Mary Howitt.
S&P Europe 350 Dividend Aristocrats
The S&P Europe 350 Dividend Aristocrats is the European equivalent of the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats. It is a stock index of European constituents that have followed a policy of consistently increasing dividends every year for at least 10 consecutive years. The index was launched on May 2, 2005. It is a subset of the S&P Europe 350. ETFs exist for the set of constituents. The constituents of the index are determined by rules set forth by Standard & Poor's.

S&P Europe 350
The S&P Europe 350 Index is a stock index of European stocks.

It is a part of the S&P Global 1200.   The constituent shares are selected for relevance to the broad market, including industry sector balance, longevity (to minimize index turnover) and liquidity of the shares.
Körös culture
The Körös culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture in Central Europe that was named after the river Körös in Hungary, hence the name Körös culture. The two variants of the river name are used for the same archaeological culture in different regions: The Körös culture in Hungary and the Criș culture in Romania. The Körös culture survived from about 5800 to 5300 BC. It is related to the neighboring Starčevo culture and is included within a larger grouping known as the Starčevo–Körös–Criş culture.

Starčevo culture
The Starčevo culture is an archaeological culture of Southeastern Europe, dating to the Neolithic period between c. 6200 and 4500 BCE. It originates in the spread of the Neolithic package of peoples and technological innovations including farming and ceramics from Asia Minor to the area of Sesklo. The Starčevo culture marks its spread to the inland Balkan peninsula as the Cardial ware culture did along the Adriatic coastline. It forms part of the wider Starčevo–Criş culture which gave rise to the central European Linear Pottery culture c. 700 years after the initial spread of Neolithic farmers towards the northern Balkans.

The Starčevo site, the type site, is located on the north bank of the Danube near the village of Starčevo in Serbia (Vojvodina province), opposite Belgrade.
2015 CAF Confederation Cup qualifying rounds
The 2015 CAF Confederation Cup qualifying rounds were played from 13 February to 3 May 2015. A total of 63 teams competed in the qualifying rounds to decide the eight places in the group stage of the 2015 CAF Confederation Cup.

2015 CAF Confederation Cup group stage
The 2015 CAF Confederation Cup group stage was played from 26 June to 13 September 2015. A total of eight teams competed in the group stage to decide the four places in the knockout stage of the 2015 CAF Confederation Cup.
Grupo Sanborns
Grupo Sanborns S.A. de C.V. is a retailing arm of the Carlos Slim-run Grupo Carso that includes the namesake Sanborns restaurant and junior department store chain, Mixup music stores, iShop Apple/electronics stores, Sears department stores in Mexico, and until October 2023, Mexico's sole Saks Fifth Avenue store.

As of 2021, the group sales were 53 billion Mexican pesos, equivalent to around US$2.6 billion. It operated in 62 metropolitan areas and towns across the country, with formats including:

197 Sanborns restaurant-and-retail stores and Sanborns Cafés (stand-alone restaurants)

141 Mixup (music/video) and iShop (official Apple reseller) stores (usually located next to each other)

97 Sears full-line, mid-range department stores

It is headed up by Patricio Slim Domit, son of Carlos Slim.

Sears Mexico
Sears Operadora México, S.A. de C.V. (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseaɾs]) is a department store chain located in Mexico, operating 93 stores all over Mexico as of 2024. Sears México is operated by Grupo Sanborns, a division of Grupo Carso.
Grace Fryer
Grace Fryer (14 March 1899 – 27 October 1933) was an American dial painter and Radium Girl, who sued U.S. Radium after suffering radium poisoning while employed painting watch faces. Subsequently, joined by fellow workers Quinta McDonald, Albina Larice, Edna Hussman, and Katherine Schaub, Fryer brought a suit labelled in the media “The Case of the Five Women Doomed to Die”. It was a pivotal case for the labor rights movement and in establishing workers' safety regulations.

United States Radium Corporation
The United States Radium Corporation was a company, most notorious for its operations between the years 1917 to 1926 in Orange, New Jersey, in the United States that led to stronger worker protection laws. After initial success in developing a glow-in-the-dark radioactive paint, the company was subject to several lawsuits in the late 1920s in the wake of severe illnesses and deaths of workers (the Radium Girls) who had ingested radioactive material. The workers had been told that the paint was harmless. During World War I and World War II, the company produced luminous watches and gauges for the United States Army for use by soldiers.

U.S. Radium workers, especially women who painted the dials of watches and other instruments with luminous paint, suffered serious radioactive contamination. Lawyer Edward Markley was in charge of defending the company in these cases.
Ernest Drezen
Ernest Karlovich Drezen (14 November 1892 – 27 October 1937) was a Soviet Esperantist (i.e. a proponent of the artificial international language Esperanto) and engineer. He was the leader of the Soviet Esperantist Union (SEU). Drezen was arrested and killed during the Great Purge in the 1930s.

Esperanto in the Soviet Union
Esperanto was variously endorsed and oppressed in the Soviet Union throughout its history. The language was permitted by the government in the 1920s, but its internationalist nature brought it under scrutiny in the 1930s and Joseph Stalin enforced measures against the Esperanto community, having Esperanto speakers imprisoned and killed as part of the Great Purge. The Esperanto community was restored in the Soviet Union following the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, but it did not achieve its earlier prominence.
Medway
Medway is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Kent in South East England. It was formed in 1998 by merging the boroughs of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham, and is administered by Medway Council, which is independent from Kent County Council. The borough had a population of 278,016 in 2019.  The borough contains the towns of Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, Rochester and Strood, which are collectively known as the Medway Towns.

Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the Medway School of Arts.

City of Rochester-upon-Medway
Rochester-upon-Medway was a local government district in north Kent, England from 1974 to 1998. It covered Rochester, Chatham, Luton, Lordswood, Walderslade, Strood and the Hoo Peninsula.

The district was formed as the District of Medway under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, as a merger of the municipal borough and city of Rochester, the borough of Chatham and most of Strood Rural District.  The district council was granted a charter entitling it to be known as the Borough of Medway, and preserving the mayoralties of Rochester and Chatham.