hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalpathy River
The Kalpathy River, also known as the Kalpathipuzha, is one of the main tributaries of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in Kerala, south India.

The Kalpathipuzha originates in the upper slopes of the Western Ghats deep inside Palakkad district from the place called Chenthamarakulam in the hills, north of Walayar. It is formed from the confluence of four tributaries, namely the Malampuzha River, Walayar River, Korayar River, and Varattar River. The Malampuzha Dam is built across this river just before Palakkad city. The river is named after the Kalpathy Siva temple in the city which is famous for its festival.

One of the problems faced by the Kalpathipuzha, like most other rivers in Kerala, is illegal sand mining. This has left many pits in the riverbed, which leads to shrub growth. During summer the river is covered by a green carpet of Water Hyacinth and other shrubs.

Korayar River
Korayar River is one of the tributaries of the river Kalpathipuzha, which in turn is a main tributary of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in Kerala, south India. It originates from Anamalai, Tamilnadu and merges with the Walayar which later converges with the  Bharathapuzha at Pattambi.
University of Arkansas
The University of Arkansas (U of A, UArk, or UA) is a public land-grant research university in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States. It is the flagship campus of the University of Arkansas System. Founded as Arkansas Industrial University in 1871, classes were first held in 1872, with its present name adopted in 1899.

The university campus consists of 378 buildings spread across 512 acres (2.07 km2) of land in Fayetteville, Arkansas. As of the fall of 2025, total enrollment was 34,175. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and had spent $164.4 million on research in FY 2021.

The University of Arkansas's athletic teams, the Arkansas Razorbacks, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with eight men's teams and eleven women's teams in thirteen sports.

University of Arkansas System
The University of Arkansas System is a state university system in the U.S. state of Arkansas.  It comprises six campuses; a medical school; two law schools; a graduate school focused on public service; a historically black college; statewide research, service, and educational units for agriculture, criminal justice, archeology; several community colleges; and a high school. Over 50,000 students are enrolled in over 188 undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs.

Legally, the entire system carries the name The Board of Trustees of the University of Arkansas.  Nonetheless, to avoid confusion with its flagship campus in Fayetteville, the system usually refers to itself as the University of Arkansas System and the Fayetteville campus usually refers to itself as the University of Arkansas.
Criticality (status)
In the operation of a nuclear reactor, criticality or critical state is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining but not growing. Subcriticality or subcritical state is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is not self-sustaining. Supercriticality or supercritical state is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining and growing. Sometimes, less preferably, criticality takes a wider definition, and refers to the any state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining, no matter growing or not (encompassing criticality in strict definition and supercriticality).

In terms of reactivity, reactivity is 0 in criticality, less than 0 in subcriticality, greater than 0 in supercriticality. In terms of effective neutron multiplication factor (Keff), Keff is 1 in criticality, less than 1 in subcriticality, greater than 1 in supercriticality.

Nuclear chain reaction
In nuclear physics, a nuclear chain reaction occurs when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of one or more subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the possibility of a self-propagating series or "positive feedback loop" of these reactions. The specific nuclear reaction may be the fission of heavy isotopes (e.g., uranium-235, 235U). A nuclear chain reaction releases several million times more energy per reaction than any chemical reaction.
Shekhawati
Shekhawati is a region in the northern part of the Indian state of Rajasthan, comprising the districts of Sikar, Jhunjhunu, and Churu. The language of this region is also called Shekhawati, which is one of the eight dialects of the Rajasthani language. Shekhawati is known for its grand mansions, their architecture and Shekhawati paintings.

Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Marwari merchants and Shekhawat kings built havelis in the Shekhawati region. It has structures, including houses, temples, and stepwells. All of these structures have painted murals, both inside and out.

Shekhawat
Shekhawat is a prominent sub-clan of the Kachhwaha Rajputs, primarily found in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, India. The clan traces its lineage to Maharao Shekha, a notable 15th-century Rajput ruler from whom both the clan and the region derive their name.
Tony Kirkham
Tony Kirkham MBE VMH is the former Head of Arboretum, Gardens & Horticulture Services, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Among many accolades received during his career, he was awarded in 2009 the Associate of Honour by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), and in 2019, the Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH), established in 1897 "in perpetual remembrance of Her Majesty's glorious reign, and to enable the RHS Council to confer honour on British horticulturists."

Victoria Medal of Honour
The Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH) is awarded to British horticulturists resident in the United Kingdom whom the Royal Horticultural Society Council considers deserving of special honour by the Society.

The award was established in 1897 "in perpetual remembrance of Her Majesty's glorious reign, and to enable the Council to confer honour on British horticulturists." The Society's rules state that only sixty-three horticulturists can hold the VMH at any given time, in commemoration of the sixty-three years of Queen Victoria's reign. Therefore, the honour is not awarded every year, but may be made to multiple recipients in other years.
David Clohessy
David G. Clohessy (born c. 1956) is known as an American activist and leader for victims of clergy abuse. He served for more than two decades, until December 2017, as the executive director and spokesman for the Survivor's Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP). He remained on the board after his resignation.

Based in Chicago, SNAP is the largest and oldest national self-help group for victims of clergy molestation in the United States.

Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests
The Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, known as SNAP, established in 1989, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization support group of survivors of clergy sexual abuse and their supporters, founded in the United States. Barbara Blaine, a survivor of sex abuse by a priest, was the founding president. SNAP, which initially focused on the Roman Catholic Church, had 12,000 members in 56 countries as of 2012. It has branches for religious groups, such as SNAP Baptist, SNAP Orthodox, and SNAP Presbyterian, for non-religious groups (Scouts, families), and for geographic regions, e.g., SNAP Australia and SNAP Germany.

Shaun Dougherty was elected to serve as the president in July 2021 and remained president as of April 2024. Tim Lennon was a past president.
Minnesota State Highway 104
Minnesota State Highway 104 (MN 104) is a 27.320-mile-long (43.967 km) highway in west-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 9 in Norway Lake Township near Sunburg and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with State Highways 28 and 29 in  the city of Glenwood.

Minnesota State Highway 9
State Highway 9 or Trunk Highway 9 (MN 9, TH 9) is a 225.945-mile-long (363.623 km) state highway in west-central and northwest Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with MN 23 in New London and continues west and then north to its northern terminus at its intersection with US Highway 2 (US 2) in Fairfax Township near Crookston. This highway has two distinct segments, a north–south section and an east–west section, connected by US 75 between Doran and Breckenridge.
Boston Harbor Islands National and State Park
Boston Harbor Islands National and State Park is a combination national recreation area and state park situated among the islands of Boston Harbor. The park is made up of 34 islands and peninsulas and is managed by the Boston Harbor Islands Partnership.  Twenty-one of the islands are also included in the Boston Harbor Islands Archeological District.

The park is significant for a wide range of natural and cultural resources, including three national historic landmarks, unique geological features, archaeological resources resulting from thousands of years of occupation of the islands by indigenous people of Massachusetts, and complex natural communities.

Attractions include hiking trails, beaches, the Civil War-era Fort Warren, and Boston Light, the oldest lighthouse station in the United States. Georges Island and Spectacle Island are served seasonally by ferries to and from Boston, and Peddocks Island is served by a ferry from Hingham.

Spectacle Island (Massachusetts)
Spectacle Island is a 114-acre (46 ha) island in Boston Harbor, 4 miles (6.4 km) offshore of downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It is part of the city of Boston. The island has a varied history, and today is a public park with a marina, visitor center, lifeguarded swimming beach, and five miles of walking trails, forming part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. It is served all year by ferries from Boston, and on weekends and summer weekdays by a shuttle boat to and from nearby islands.
Sacramento Valley Station
Sacramento Valley Station is an Amtrak railway station in the city of Sacramento, California, at 401 I Street on the corner of Fifth Street, built in 1926 on the site of China Slough. It is the thirteenth busiest Amtrak station in the country, and the second busiest in the Western United States. It is served by four different Amtrak train routes and connecting Amtrak Thruway motorcoaches. It is also the western terminus for the Gold Line of the SacRT light rail system and the Route 30 bus serving California State University, Sacramento.

Gold Line (SacRT)
The Gold Line is a light rail transit line in the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SacRT) light rail system.  Operating between Sacramento Valley and Historic Folsom stations, the line runs primarily east-west in Sacramento (including downtown, Midtown, East Sacramento), portions of unincorporated Sacramento County, Rancho Cordova, Gold River and Folsom. Segments of the Gold Line run along the system's original alignment between 16th Street and Butterfield stations, which opened for service in 1987. The line has run in its modern configuration since June 2005, with extensions completed since then to Folsom and the downtown Amtrak station.
Tigecycline
Tigecycline, sold under the brand name Tygacil, is a tetracycline antibiotic medication for a number of bacterial infections. It is a glycylcycline class drug that is administered intravenously. It was developed in response to the growing rate of antibiotic resistant  bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and E. coli. As a tetracycline derivative antibiotic, its structural modifications has expanded its therapeutic activity to include Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including those of multi-drug resistance.

It was given a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) fast-track approval and was approved on 17 June 2005. It was approved for medical use in the European Union in April 2006.

It was removed from the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2019. The World Health Organization classifies tigecycline as critically important for human medicine.

Glycylcycline
Glycylcyclines are a class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline.  These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance, namely resistance mediated by acquired efflux pumps and/or ribosomal protection.  Presently, tigecycline is the only glycylcycline approved for antibiotic use.
Kyivschyna Company (Ukraine)
The Kyivschyna Company is the 2nd company of the Myrotvorets Battalion of the Liut Brigade of the Special Tasks Patrol Police subordinated to Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The regiment is currently based in Kyiv. It was established in 2014 and has, since then seen regular combat on the frontlines.

Myrotvorets Battalion (Ukraine)
The Myrotvorets Battalion is a regiment of the Liut Brigade of the Special Tasks Patrol Police subordinated to Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The regiment is based at the headquarters of National Academy of Internal Affairs in Kyiv. It was established in 2014 and has, since then seen regular combat on the frontlines in addition to special counter-crime operations in Kyiv Oblast.
Per Zanussi
Per Zanussi (born 1977) is an Italian–Norwegian jazz musician (upright bass) and composer, known from several bands and releases such as with Hamid Drake, Louis Moholo, Paal Nilssen-Love, Bobby Bradford, Sabir Mateen, Franklin Kiermyer, Stephen O'Malley, Axel Dörner, Petter Wettre, Fred Lonberg-Holm, Bugge Wesseltoft, Mats Gustafsson, Kjetil Møster, Kevin Norton, Ivar Grydeland, Ernesto Rodrigues, Tetuzi Akiyama, and Håvard Wiik.

Kjetil Møster
Kjetil Traavik Møster (born 17 June 1976) is a Norwegian jazz musician (tenor and soprano saxophones, clarinet and bass clarinet) and composer, known from bands like The Core, Ultralyd, Brat, Zanussi 5, and performance with Chick Corea at Moldejazz 2000, later released on CD.  He has also made his mark with experimental performances at the interface between electronic based fri-rock and jazz.
Moulay Idriss Zerhoun
Moulay Idriss, Moulay Driss Zerhoun or simply Zerhoun (Arabic: مولاي إدريس زرهون) is a town in the Fès-Meknès region of northern Morocco, spread over two hills at the base of Mount Zerhoun. It is famous for being the site of the tomb of Idris I, the first ruler of the Idrisid dynasty, after whom the town is named. It is located near Meknes and overlooks the ruins of Volubilis a few kilometers away.

Meknes
Meknes (Arabic: مكناس, romanized: maknās, pronounced [maknaːs]) is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco, located in northern central Morocco and the sixth largest city by population in the kingdom. Founded in the 11th century by the Almoravids as a military settlement, Meknes became the capital of Morocco during the reign of Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), son of the founder of the Alaouite dynasty. Sultan Ismail created a massive imperial palace complex and endowed the city with extensive fortifications and monumental gates. The city recorded a population of 551,503 in the 2024 Moroccan census. It is the seat of Meknès Prefecture and an important economic hub in the region of Fès-Meknès.
Milton Bradley
Milton Bradley (November 8, 1836 – May 30, 1911) was an American business magnate, game pioneer and publisher, credited by many with launching the board game industry, with his eponymous enterprise, which was purchased by Hasbro in 1984, and folded in 1998.

Milton Bradley Company
Milton Bradley Company, simply known as Milton Bradley (MB), was an American board game manufacturer that was established by Milton Bradley (1836–1911) in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1860. In 1920, it absorbed the game production of McLoughlin Brothers, formerly the largest game manufacturer in the United States. It was acquired by Hasbro in 1984 and merged, with Hasbro subsidiary Parker Brothers in 1998. The brand name continued to be used by Hasbro until 2009.
Kia Tigers
The Kia Tigers (Korean: KIA 타이거즈) are a South Korean professional baseball team founded in 1982 and based in the southwestern city of Gwangju. Until 2001, they were known as the Haitai Tigers. The Tigers are members of the KBO League and are the most successful team in Korean baseball, having won the Korean Series championship twelve times with a perfect 12–0 record. Their home stadium is Gwangju-Kia Champions Field in Gwangju.

After the success of the 1980s and 1990s, the fortunes of the team began to turn, resulting in them finishing bottom of the league for the first time in 2005, and again in 2007. In 2009, however, the Tigers won the 2009 KBO season and the 2009 Korean Series.

During the 1980s and 1990s, the team was heavily associated with the Liberal pro-democracy politics of their home region of Honam. As a result, they developed a rivalry with the Samsung Lions of the conservative Yeongnam region.

Gwangju-Kia Champions Field
The Gwangju-Kia Champions Field (Korean: 광주 KIA 챔피언스 필드) is a baseball stadium in Gwangju, South Korea. It has been the home of KBO club Kia Tigers since 2014, replacing Gwangju Mudeung Baseball Stadium.
Kelly Rondestvedt
Kelly, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born January 10, 1975), born Kelly Jeanne Rondestvedt, is an American investment banker.  She is married to Hubertus, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the current Head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Hubertus Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
Hubertus Michael Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, Herzog in Sachsen (born 16 September 1975) is a German lawyer and head of the former ducal House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha since 2025, a distinction based on descent through approved marriages. It is however his second cousin Hubertus Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha who would be entitled to petition for restoration of the title Duke of Albany which was separately held (until the Titles Deprivation Act 1917) and inherited by their great-grandfather Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Delta Psi Kappa
Delta Psi Kappa (ΔΨΚ) was an American professional fraternity for women in the disciplines of health and physical education, health sciences, and recreation that was established in 1916. It absorbed Phi Delta Pi in March 1970 and added chapters through the mid-1970s.

Phi Delta Pi
Phi Delta Pi (ΦΔΠ)  was a national professional fraternity for women in the disciplines of health and physical education, health sciences, and recreation. It was established in 1916 at the Normal College of the North American Gymnastics Union (now Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences). It merged with Delta Psi Kappa, a professional fraternity, in March 1970.
Vera Koedooder
Divera Maria Koedooder (born 31 October 1983) is a Dutch former professional racing cyclist.

Born in Hoorn, Koedooder was a member of the Dutch team that finished sixth at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the team pursuit (together with Ellen van Dijk, Kirsten Wild and Amy Pieters).

Kirsten Wild
Kirsten Carlijn Wild (born 15 October 1982) is a Dutch former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2004 and 2021, for eight professional teams. During her track cycling career, Wild rode at the Summer Olympic Games in 2012, 2016 and 2020, winning a bronze medal at the latter Games, in the omnium. She won eighteen medals including nine golds at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, and eighteen medals including eight golds at the UEC European Track Championships. Wild also took over 100 victories in road racing, and won two medals at the UCI Road World Championships.
Michel Yehuda Lefkowitz
Michel Yehuda Lefkowitz (Hebrew: מישל יהודה לפקוביץ; 1913 – 27 June 2011) was an Israeli Haredi Torah leader and rosh yeshiva in Bnei Brak for over 70 years. He was a maggid shiur at Yeshivas Tiferes Tzion from 1940 to 2011 and rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Ponovezh L’Tzeirim from 1954 to 2009, raising thousands of students. He was a member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Degel HaTorah, a member of Mifal HaShas, and nasi (president) of the Acheinu kiruv organization, and played a leading role in the fight for Torah-true education in yeshivas and Talmud Torahs in Israel. In addition to his own Torah works, he published the teachings of his rebbi, Rabbi Shlomo Heiman, in the two-volume Chiddushei Shlomo.

Ponevezh Yeshiva
Ponevez Yeshiva (Lithuanian: Panevėžio ješiva), often pronounced as Ponevitch Yeshiva (Hebrew: ישיבת פוניבז׳), is a yeshiva founded in 1919 in Panevėžys (Ponevezh), Lithuania, and located in Bnei Brak, Israel since 1944. The yeshiva has over three thousand students, including those of affiliated institutions.

It is considered one of the leading Litvish (non-hassidic ultra-orthodox) yeshivas in Israel.
The Mind's Eye (publisher)
The Mind's Eye was a publisher which produced dramatized adaptations of various written works. They were one of America's biggest audio drama producers during the 1980s. They had mainstream distribution through chains like Waldenbooks and catalogs like Wireless, and they published an expansive catalog of adaptations of classic stories. They are most notable for the 1979 National Public Radio radio drama version of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit.

Prominent contributors included Bernard Mayes, Erik Bauersfeld, John Vickery, Lou Bliss, Gail Chugg, Tom Luce, Ray Reinhardt, James Arrington, Pat Franklyn, Wanda McCaddon, Rick Cimino, Joe Gostanian, John Joss, Karen Hurley, Kevin Gardiner, Darryl Ferreira, and Carl Hague. The company was acquired by Soundelux in 1992.

The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)
National Public Radio broadcast a dramatization of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings in 1979. It was produced by The Mind's Eye. It was produced by Bob Lewis and adapted for radio by Bernard Mayes.
The Snow Queen 3: Fire and Ice
The Snow Queen 3: Fire and Ice (Russian: Снежная королева 3: Огонь и лёд, romanized: Snezhnaya koroleva 3: Ogon i lyod) is a 2016 Russian animated fantasy adventure film directed by Aleksey Tsitsilin. It is the sequel to The Snow Queen 2 (2014). In the film, Gerda and her friends embark on a new journey to reunite her family.

Simultaneous release and promotional activities were planned during the theatrical distribution period. After trailers aired in November 2016, the film debuted in Russia on 29 December 2016. Thereafter, it was released in various European countries, as well as throughout Latin America over the years up to 2018. The film set a foreign box office record for a Russian animation film.

A sequel, The Snow Queen: Mirrorlands, was released in 2018.

The Snow Queen: Mirrorlands
The Snow Queen: Mirrorlands (Russian: Снежная королева: Зазеркалье, romanized: Snezhnaya koroleva: Zazerkalye, lit. 'The Snow Queen: Looking-Glass Land') is a 2018 Russian animated fantasy adventure film directed by Robert Lence and Aleksey Tsitsilin. It is the sequel to The Snow Queen 3: Fire and Ice (2016). The film follows the war between magicians and technocrats.

The Snow Queen: Mirrorlands was presented at film markets and festivals such as AFM and Cannes. The film was released in Russia on 1 January 2019. It received generally positive reviews from critics.

A sequel, The Snow Queen & The Princess, was released in 2022.