hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elwen
Elwen (also known as Elvan, Elven, etc.) was the name of an early saint or saints venerated in Cornwall and Brittany. The hagiographical material asserts that he came to Cornwall from Ireland in the company of Breage and six others, but this is attested late. A chapel at Porthleven in Sithney parish, Cornwall, dedicated to Elwen, existed from the 13th century until 1549, and in Brittany several sites and placenames are associated with possibly related figures.

Breage
Breage or Breaca (with many variant spellings) is a saint venerated in Cornwall and South West England. According to her late hagiography, she was an Irish nun of the 5th or 6th century who founded a church in Cornwall. The village and civil parish of Breage in Cornwall are named after her, and the local Breage Parish Church is dedicated to her. She is a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church.
Vincent Youmans
Vincent Millie Youmans (September 27, 1898 – April 5, 1946) was an American Broadway composer and  producer.

A leading Broadway composer of his day, Youmans collaborated with virtually all the greatest lyricists on Broadway: Ira Gershwin, Otto Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II, Irving Caesar, Anne Caldwell, Leo Robin, Howard Dietz, Clifford Grey, Billy Rose, Edward Eliscu, Edward Heyman, Harold Adamson, Buddy DeSylva and Gus Kahn.  Youmans' early songs are remarkable for their economy of melodic material: two-, three- or four-note phrases are constantly repeated and varied by subtle harmonic or rhythmic changes. In later years, however, he turned to longer musical sentences and more rhapsodic melodic lines.  Youmans published fewer than 100 songs, but 18 of these were considered standards by ASCAP, a remarkably high percentage.

Leo Robin
Leo Robin (April 6, 1895 – December 29, 1984) was an American composer, lyricist and songwriter.  He is probably best known for collaborating with Ralph Rainger on the 1938 Oscar-winning song "Thanks for the Memory," sung by Bob Hope and Shirley Ross in the film The Big Broadcast of 1938, and with Jule Styne on "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend".
Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)
Andronikos Doukas (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Δούκας, romanized: Andrónikos Doúkās, c. 1057 – c. 1077 or after 1081), Latinized as Andronicus Ducas, was the third son of Byzantine emperor Constantine X Doukas (r. 1059–1067) and younger brother of Byzantine emperor Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078). Unlike his other brothers, he was not named junior co-emperor by his father, and was raised to the dignity only by Romanos IV Diogenes (r. 1068–1071). He is otherwise relatively insignificant, and was not involved in the affairs of state to any degree.

Michael VII Doukas
Michael VII Doukas or Ducas (Greek: Μιχαήλ Δούκας, romanized: Mikhaḗl Doúkās), nicknamed Parapinakes (Greek: Παραπινάκης, romanized: Parapinákes, lit. 'minus a quarter', a reference to the devaluation of the Byzantine currency under his rule), was the senior Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078. He was known as incompetent as an emperor and reliant on court officials, especially of his finance minister Nikephoritzes, who increased taxation and luxury spending while not properly financing their army (which later mutinied). Under his reign, Bari was lost and his empire faced open revolt in the Balkans. Along with the advancing Seljuk Turks in the eastern front, Michael also had to contend with his mercenaries openly turning against the empire. Michael stepped down as emperor in 1078 and later retired to a monastery.
Graily Hewitt
William Graily Hewit or Graily Hewitt (1864–1952) was a British calligrapher and novelist who played a key role in the revival of calligraphy in England in the early 20th century, alongside Edward Johnston.

Edward Johnston
Edward Johnston, CBE (San José de Mayo, Uruguay 11 February 1872 – 26 November 1944) was a Uruguayan-born British craftsman who is regarded, with Rudolf Koch, as the father of modern calligraphy, in the particular form of the broad-edged pen as a writing tool.

He is best known as the designer of Johnston, a sans-serif typeface that was used throughout the London Underground system until the 1980s.  He also redesigned the famous roundel symbol used throughout the system.
Kishiwada, Osaka
Kishiwada (岸和田市, Kishiwada-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 24 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 205,561 in roughly 90,822 households and a population density of 2,800 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 72.72 square kilometres (28.08 sq mi). The city is well known for its Danjiri Matsuri.

Kishiwada Danjiri Matsuri
The Kishiwada Danjiri Matsuri (岸和田だんじり祭), held in Kishiwada, Osaka, is one of the most famous Danjiri Matsuri festivals in Japan. The festival is a parade involving large wooden shrine floats that are pulled at a high speed by a large team of men. During the dangerous runs, several men are standing on top of the shrine float. So this thrilling matsuri is so popular in Japan.
Zacualpan de Amilpas
Zacualpan de Amilpas is a town in the Mexican state of Morelos. The town serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, with which it shares a name. To the north is the municipality of Tetela del Volcán, to the south is the municipality of Temoac, to the east is the State of Puebla, and to the west are the municipalities of Ocuituco and Yecapixtla.

The municipality reported 9,370 inhabitants in the year 2015 census.

The toponym Zacualpan comes from a Nahuatl name: tzacual-li (covered thing) and pan (on top of); thus, "atop that which is covered". Amilpas refers to the 25 human settlements controlled by Moctezuma Ilhuicamina from his palace in Huaxtepec (Oaxtepec). The term continued to be used during the colonial era.

Temoac
18°50′23″N 90°10′32″W﻿ / ﻿18.83972°N 90.17556°W﻿ / 18.83972; -90.17556
Temoac is a town in the Mexican state of Morelos.

The town serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, with which it shares a name. Temoac comes from Nahuatl and means Temog-a (descend), Atl (water), Ko (adverb of place); "place where water descends".

The municipality has the following boundaries: to the north with the municipalities of Yecapixtla and Zacualpan de Amilpas; to the south with Jonacatepec and Jantetelco; to the west with Ciudad Ayala and to the east with the state of Puebla. The municipality reported 15,844 inhabitants in 2015 census.
Kalaninuiamamao
Kalaninuiamamao (sometimes called Ka-I-i-Mamao or Kaeamamao) was a prince of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, or 1st Aliʻi Nui of Kaʻū, an ancestor of the Queen Liliuokalani. He is probably the Hawaiian chief with the most varied spelling of his name.

The Kumulipo was composed in honor of his birth and was passed by him to his daughter Alapaʻiwahine. He was called Lonoikamakahiki III in this chant.

Alapaʻiwahine
Alapaʻiwahine was a princess of the Island of Hawaii and great-grandmother of King David Kalākaua and Queen Lydia Liliʻuokalani. She was a Naha chiefess: the product of a rare father and daughter marriage uncommon in Hawaiian history.
Software transactional memory
In computer science, software transactional memory (STM) is a concurrency control mechanism analogous to database transactions for controlling access to shared memory in concurrent computing. It is an alternative to lock-based synchronization. STM is a strategy implemented in software, rather than as a hardware component. A transaction in this context occurs when a piece of code executes a series of reads and writes to shared memory. These reads and writes logically occur at a single instant in time; intermediate states are not visible to other (successful) transactions. The idea of providing hardware support for transactions originated in a 1986 paper by Tom Knight. The idea was popularized by Maurice Herlihy and J. Eliot B. Moss. In 1995, Nir Shavit and Dan Touitou extended this idea to software-only transactional memory (STM). Since 2005, STM has been the focus of intense research and support for practical implementations is growing.

Lock (computer science)
In computer science, a lock or mutex (from mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive that prevents state from being modified or accessed by multiple threads of execution at once. Locks enforce mutual exclusion concurrency control policies, and with a variety of possible methods there exist multiple unique implementations for different applications.
Volochysk
Volochysk (Ukrainian: Волочиськ, IPA: [woloˈtʃɪsʲk] ⓘ; Polish: Wołoczyska; Yiddish: וואָלאָטשיסק) is a small city located on the left bank of the Zbruch River in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Volochysk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population according to the 2001 census was 20958. Current population is 18,295 (2022 estimate).

Located on the left bank of Zbruch, the city along with its vis-a-vis Pidvolochysk on the opposite bank of the river was an important border checkpoint between Russia and the countries of Central Europe. Volochysk is an important transport center. Railroads and highways of national importance go through the town.

Volochysk is located on  E50/ M 12 between Ternopil and Khmelnytskyi. In the city is located a train station which is a final stop of Southwestern Railways before continuing to territory of Lviv Railways.

Pidvolochysk
Pidvolochysk (Ukrainian: Підволочиськ; Polish: Podwołoczyska; Yiddish: פּאָדוואָלאָטשיסק, romanized: Podvolitchisk) is a rural settlement in Ternopil, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is situated on the right side of the Zbruch River, opposite Volochysk in neighboring Khmelnytskyi Oblast. Pidvolochysk hosts the administration of the Pidvolochysk settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 7,632 (2022 estimate).

There are natural monuments - Pidvolochysk Well, as well as Pidvolochysk Nature Reserve, near the settlement.
Queen Sindeok
Queen Sindeok (Korean: 신덕왕후 강씨; 12 July 1356 – 15 September 1396), of the Goksan Kang clan, was the second wife and queen consort of King Taejo; the first monarch of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. She was queen consort of Joseon and was honoured as Queen Hyeon (현비) from 1392 until her death in 1396. She was a political advisor of King Taejo and had a great influence on the founding of Joseon. She was posthumously bestowed the title of Sindeok, the Dignified Empress (신덕고황후; 神德高皇后).

Taejo of Joseon
Taejo (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), personal name Yi Sŏnggye, later changed to Yi Tan, was the founder and first monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, he ascended to the throne in 1392 and abdicated six years later during a strife between his sons. He was honored as Emperor Ko following the establishment of the Korean Empire.

Taejo emphasized continuity over change. No new institutions were created, and no massive purges occurred during his reign. His new dynasty was largely dominated by the same ruling families and officials that had served the previous regime. He re-established amicable ties with Japan and improved relations with Ming China.
Lord Clifden
Lord Clifden (1860 – 7 February 1875) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. He was undefeated as a two-year-old, including wins in the Woodcote Stakes and Champagne Stakes. As a three-year-old, he was just beaten by a short-head in the Derby, before winning the St. Leger later in the season, despite being 100 yards behind the rest of the field at one point in the race. After an unsuccessful four-year-old campaign, he was retired to stud and became champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland in 1876. He sired the St. Leger winners Hawthornden and Wenlock, the dual-Classic winners Petrarch and Jannette, as well as the champion sire Hampton. Lord Clifden was purchased by Carnegie Robert John Jervis, 3rd Viscount St Vincent, after his first race and was sold to Thomas Gee as a stallion. As the two and three-year-old, he was trained by Edwin Parr, with William Bevill training him for his four-year-old season.

Jannette
Jannette (1875–1905), was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won two British Classic Races in 1878. She was one of the leading British two-year-olds of 1877 when she was unbeaten in seven races including the Richmond Stakes at Goodwood. On her first appearance as a three-year-old she was beaten by Pilgrimage in the 1000 Guineas at Newmarket but reversed the form with that filly to win the Oaks at Epsom a month later. Later in the season she defeated some of the season's best colts to win the St. Leger Stakes at Doncaster and added a victory in the Champion Stakes against some of the leading older horses. She was less effective in 1879 but won the Jockey Club Cup on her final appearance. She was then retired to stud, where she had some success.
2019 Eliteserien
The 2019 Eliteserien was the 75th season of top-tier football in Norway. This was third season of Eliteserien as rebranding from Tippeligaen.

The season began on 30 March and was scheduled to end 30 November 2019, not including play-off matches, but due to Rosenborg competing in the Europa League the final matchday was moved to 1 December. Fixtures for the 2019 season were announced on 19 December 2018. Rosenborg were the defending champions. Viking and Mjøndalen joined as the promoted clubs from the 2018 1. divisjon. They replaced Sandefjord and Start who were relegated to the 2019 1. divisjon.

Molde won their fourth title, with two matches to spare following a 4–0 home win against Strømsgodset on 10 November 2019.

2019 Norwegian First Division
The 2019 1. divisjon (referred to as OBOS-ligaen for sponsorship reasons) was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.

Aalesund set a new record for most points in a 1. divisjon season with 79. They surpassed IK Start's previous record of 74 points, from the 2004 season.
Drexel 4175
Drexel 4175, also known by an inscription on its cover, "Ann Twice, Her Book" or by the inscription on its first leaf, "Songs unto the violl and lute," is a music manuscript commonplace book. It is a noted source of songs from English Renaissance theatre, considered to be "indispensable to the rounding-out of our picture of seventeenth-century English song." It is believed to contain the original music of the song "Come Away, Hecket" as heard in Thomas Middleton's play The Witch which was used in William Shakespeare's Macbeth. Belonging to the New York Public Library, the manuscript forms part of the Music Division's Drexel Collection, located at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. Following traditional library practice, its name is derived from its call number.

Drexel Collection
The Drexel Collection is a collection of over 6,000 volumes of books about music and musical scores owned by the Music Division of The New York Public Library. Donated by Joseph W. Drexel in 1888 to the Lenox Library (which later became The New York Public Library), the collection, located today at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, is rich with materials on music theory and music history as well as other musical subjects. It contains many rare books and includes a number of significant 17th-century English music manuscripts.
Forensic DNA analysis
DNA profiling is the determination of a DNA profile for legal and investigative purposes. DNA analysis methods have changed countless times over the years as technology changes and allows for more information to be determined with less starting material. Modern DNA analysis is based on the statistical calculation of the rarity of the produced profile within a population.

While most well known as a tool in forensic investigations, DNA profiling can also be used for non-forensic purposes such as paternity testing and human genealogy research.

DNA profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.

DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. DNA profiling was discovered by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984 while he was working at the University of Leicester. He developed the technique of genetic fingerprinting by realizing that some regions of DNA have highly variable repetitive sequences that are unique to each individual.
JTBC
JTBC (shortened from Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company; Korean: 제이티비씨; stylized in all lowercase) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network. Its primary shareholder is JoongAng Holdings, with a 25% stake. It was launched on December 1, 2011. JTBC is a generalist channel, with programming consisting of television series, variety shows, and news broadcasting; its news division is held in similar regard to the three main terrestrial networks in South Korea.

In 2011, JTBC was one of four new South Korean nationwide generalist cable TV networks alongside The Dong-A Ilbo's Channel A, The Chosun Ilbo's TV Chosun and Maeil Business Newspaper's MBN. They serve as supplementary networks to the existing conventional free-to-air TV networks like KBS, MBC, SBS and other smaller channels launched following deregulation in 1990.

JoongAng Ilbo
The JoongAng, formerly known as JoongAng Ilbo (Korean: 중앙일보; lit. Central Daily), is a South Korean daily newspaper published in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the three biggest newspapers in South Korea, and a newspaper of record for South Korea. The paper also publishes an English edition, Korea JoongAng Daily, in alliance with the International New York Times. It is often regarded as the holding company of JoongAng Group chaebol (a spin-off from Samsung) as it is owner of various affiliates, such as the broadcast station and drama producing company JTBC, and movie theatres chain Megabox.
Derwin Brown
Derwin Brown (June 22, 1954 – December 15, 2000) was an American police captain and the sheriff-elect of DeKalb County, Georgia, who was assassinated on the evening of December 15, 2000, on the orders of defeated rival Sidney Dorsey.

Sidney Dorsey
Sidney Dorsey (born February 23, 1940) is an American former law enforcement officer who served as the first African American sheriff of DeKalb County, Georgia from 1996 to 2000. After Dorsey lost a 2000 runoff election to challenger Derwin Brown, he arranged to have Brown murdered. Dorsey was sentenced to life in prison for the murder.
2024–25 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2024–25 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio was the 40th season of league competition in San Marino, in which the country's 15 amateur football teams and the San Marino Academy U22 compete. The season began on 30 August 2024 and concluded on 17 May 2025.

The winners (Virtus) qualified for the 2025–26 UEFA Champions League first qualifying round. The Conference League play-off winner (La Fiorita) qualified for the 2025–26 UEFA Conference League first qualifying round. As Virtus also won the Coppa Titano, the second Conference League berth passed down to the highest team not already qualified for European football (Tre Fiori).

2024–25 Coppa Titano
The 2024–25 Coppa Titano was the sixty-seventh edition of the football competition in San Marino. 15 of the 16 2024–25 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio clubs participated. The winners qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2025–26 UEFA Conference League.

La Fiorita were the defending champions, but were knocked out by Virtus in the semi-finals.
Abingdon Sword
The Abingdon Sword is a late Anglo-Saxon iron sword and hilt believed to be from the late 9th or early 10th century; only the first few inches of the blade remain attached to the hilt.

The sword was found in 1874 at Bog Mill (possibly Buggs Mill, on the River Ock), near the town of Abingdon on the River Thames in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) in England. It is held in the collection of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, north of Abingdon.

The Abingdon Sword has silver mounts inlaid with niello in the Trewhiddle style. The sword's guard has interlaced animal motifs. Ornamentation includes symbols of the Evangelists. The pommel of the sword has two animal heads for decoration.

A reproduction of the Abingdon Sword has been on display at Abingdon County Hall Museum since it reopened in 2012.

The style of the guards and pommel also suggest the sword dates from the late ninth to tenth century.

Abingdon County Hall Museum
Abingdon County Hall Museum (also known as Abingdon Museum) is a local museum in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England. The museum is run by Abingdon Town Council and supported by Abingdon Museum Friends, a registered charity. It is a Grade I listed building.
Human Diastrophism
Human Diastrophism, also known as Blood of Palomar, is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Gilbert Hernandez. It appeared in serialized form in the comic book Love and Rockets in 1987–88, and it first appeared in collected form in 1989 in The Complete Love and Rockets, Volume 8: Blood of Palomar. The story tells of a serial killer in the fictional Latin American village of Palomar, and the political and social implications of the insular villagers' growing contact with the outside world.

Gilbert Hernandez
Gilberto Hernández (born February 1, 1957), usually credited as Gilbert Hernandez and also by the nickname Beto (Spanish: [ˈbeto]), is an American cartoonist.  He is best known for his Palomar/Heartbreak Soup stories in Love and Rockets, an alternative comic book he shared with his brothers Jaime and Mario.
Highway location marker
A highway location marker is the modern-day equivalent of a milestone. Unlike traditional milestones, however, which (as their name suggests) were originally carved from stone and sited at one-mile intervals, modern highway location markers are made from a variety of materials and are almost invariably spaced at intervals of a kilometre or a fraction thereof (except in the United States, where miles are used on roadways). In some countries they may be known as driver location signs, milestones or kilometre stones.

Driver location sign
Driver location signs are signs placed every 500 metres (550 yd) along each side of English motorways, and some other major English roads, to provide information that will allow motorists to know their precise location. As of July 2009, roads in England, but not Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, have these signs. This information might be useful in the event of an emergency or breakdown. They were first introduced in 2003, and they complement distance marker posts (small roadside posts used for road maintenance and administrative purposes). Both types of sign display a unique location number. The number, although given without units, is the distance in kilometres from a designated datum location for the road, although signs meant for driver navigation are in miles.