hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bab Doukkala Mosque
The Bab Doukkala Mosque (Arabic: مسجد باب دكالة) or Mosque of Bab Doukkala is a mosque in Marrakesh, Morocco. It is named after the nearby western city gate, Bab Doukkala. It was built in the 16th century during the Saadian period. It is also known as the al-Hurra Mosque ("Mosque of the Free One"), in reference to its founder, Massa'uda al-Wizkitiya. Like the contemporary Mouassine Mosque to the southeast, it was built as a Friday mosque for what was a newly redevelopped neighbourhood at the time. It formed the main element in a larger religious-charitable complex that also included a madrasa, a hammam, a library, a fountain, and more.

Lalla Masuda
Mas'uda al-Wizkitiya (Arabic: مسعودة الوزكيتية; died 1591), known popularly in Morocco as Lala 'Auda (للا عودة) and in Western sources as Lalla Masuda, was a Moroccan political figure in the Saadi Dynasty. She is remembered for her humanitarian, charity, political, and development work. She was the wife of the Saadian Sultan Mohammed al-Shaykh and mother of their son Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur.

Lalla Masuda was the daughter of the sheikh of the qasba of Warzazat, Sheikh Abu al-'Abaas Ahmed bin Abdellah al-Wizkiti al-Warzazi, who had a hand in establishing Saadian control over the Sous-Dra'a region. She is considered a waliya, or saint.
Saint Timothy
Timothy (Greek: Τιμόθεος, Timótheos, meaning "honouring God" or "honoured by God") was an early Christian evangelist and the first Catholic bishop of Ephesus, whom the Acts of Timothy relates died around the year AD 97.

Timothy was from the Lycaonian city of Lystra or of Derbe in Asia Minor, born of a Jewish mother who had become a Christian believer, and a Greek father. The Apostle Paul met him during his second missionary journey and he became Paul's companion and missionary partner along with Silas. The New Testament indicates that Timothy traveled with Paul the Apostle, who was also his mentor. He is addressed as the recipient of the First and Second Epistles to Timothy in the New Testament.

Second Epistle to Timothy
The Second Epistle to Timothy is one of the three pastoral epistles traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle. Addressed to Timothy, a fellow missionary, it is traditionally considered to be the last epistle Paul wrote before his death. The original language is Koine Greek.

While the Pastorals are attributed to Paul, they differ from his other letters. Since the early 19th century, scholars have increasingly viewed them as the work of an unknown follower of Paul's teachings. This perspective arises from the fact that the Pastorals do not focus on Paul's typical themes, such as believers' unity with Christ, and they present a church hierarchy that is more organized and defined than what existed during Paul's lifetime.

Nonetheless, a number of scholars still defend the traditional authorship of 2 Timothy.
Odzala-Kokoua National Park
Odzala-Kokoua National Park (or Odzala National Park) is a national park in the Republic of the Congo. The park was first protected in 1935, declared a biosphere reserve in 1977, and granted official designation by presidential decree in 2001. Odzala-Kokoua has approximately 100 mammal species, and one of the continent's most diverse primate populations. The nonprofit conservation organization African Parks began managing the park in collaboration with the Ministry of Forest Economy, Sustainable Development and Environment of the Republic of the Congo in 2010.

African Parks
African Parks is a non-governmental organization (NGO) focused on biodiversity conservation through protected area management, established in 2000 and headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was founded as the African Parks Management and Finance Company, a private company, then underwent structural changes to become an NGO called African Parks Foundation, and later renamed African Parks Network. The organization manages national parks and protected areas throughout Africa, in collaboration with governments and surrounding communities. African Parks manages 24 protected areas in 13 countries as of October 2025, and employs more than 5000 staff.
Oregon State Tuberculosis Hospital
The Oregon State Tuberculosis Hospital was a tuberculosis sanatorium in Salem, Oregon, United States. Established in 1905, it was the first public tuberculosis sanatorium on the West Coast. The main hospital building, constructed in 1894, had formerly housed the Oregon State Deaf-Mute School. After its conversion into the state tuberculosis hospital, multiple cottages and additional buildings were constructed on the property. The hospital remained in operation until 1969, when it was purchased by Corban University.

Corban University
Corban University is a private Christian university in Salem, Oregon, United States. There are about 1,000 full-time students enrolled on the Salem campus and 2,800 worldwide. Athletically, it is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics competing in the Cascade Collegiate Conference.
Kim So-hye
Kim So-hye (Korean: 김소혜; born July 19, 1999), known mononymously as Sohye, is a South Korean actress and singer under S&P Entertainment. She is a former member of the girl musical group I.O.I, finishing fifth on Mnet's survival show Produce 101. She is best known on her acting roles in Poetry Story (2017), Kang Deok-soon's Love History (2017), Best Chicken (2019), and My Lovely Boxer (2023).

I.O.I
I.O.I (Korean: 아이오아이; also known as IOI or Ideal of Idol) is a South Korean girl group formed by CJ E&M through the 2016 reality show Produce 101 on Mnet. The group was composed of eleven members chosen from a pool of 101 trainees from various entertainment companies: Jeon So-mi, Kim Se-jeong, Choi Yoo-jung, Kim Chung-ha, Kim So-hye, Zhou Jieqiong, Jung Chae-yeon, Kim Do-yeon, Kang Mi-na, Lim Na-young, and Yoo Yeon-jung. They debuted on May 4, 2016, with the EP Chrysalis and actively promoted as a whole and as a sub-unit for less than a year.

The group's concert titled Time Slip – I.O.I, which was held on January 20 to 22, 2017, marked their last group activity on stage. They officially disbanded at the end of January 2017 and returned to their respective agencies. After nine years, I.O.I is set to return with a new album in 2026 in commemoration of its 10th anniversary.
Depth-first search
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Extra memory, usually a stack, is needed to keep track of the nodes discovered so far along a specified branch which helps in backtracking of the graph.

A version of depth-first search was investigated in the 19th century by French mathematician Charles Pierre Trémaux as a strategy for solving mazes.

Iterative deepening depth-first search
In computer science, iterative deepening search or more specifically iterative deepening depth-first search (IDS or IDDFS) is a state space/graph search strategy in which a depth-limited version of depth-first search is run repeatedly with increasing depth limits until the goal is found. IDDFS is optimal, meaning that it finds the shallowest goal. Since it visits all the nodes in the search tree down to depth  before visiting any nodes at depth , the cumulative order in which nodes are first visited is effectively the same as in breadth-first search. However, IDDFS uses much less memory.
RAF Coningsby
Royal Air Force Coningsby or RAF Coningsby (IATA: QCY, ICAO: EGXC), is a Royal Air Force station located 13.7 kilometres (8.5 mi) south-west of Horncastle, and 15.8 kilometres (9.8 mi) north-west of Boston, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.  It is a Main Operating Base of the RAF and home to three front-line Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 units, No. 3 Squadron, No. 11 Squadron and No. 12 Squadron. In support of front-line units, No. 29 Squadron is the Typhoon Operational Conversion Unit and No. 41 Squadron is the Typhoon Test and Evaluation Squadron. Coningsby is also the home of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (BBMF) which operates a variety of historic RAF aircraft.

No. 3 Squadron RAF
Number 3 Squadron, also known as No. 3 (Fighter) Squadron, of the Royal Air Force operates the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 from RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire, since reforming on 1 April 2006. It was first formed on 13 May 1912 as one of the first squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps – being the first to fly heavier than air aircraft.
Caguas Valley
The Caguas Valley (Spanish: Valle de Caguas), or the Caguas-Juncos Valley, and popularly referred to as the Turabo Valley (Valle del Turabo), is a large valley lying between two mountain subranges of the Cordillera Central, Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo, in the eastern region of the main island of Puerto Rico. From west to east, the valley is concentrated in the municipalities of Caguas, Gurabo, San Lorenzo, Juncos, Las Piedras, and Humacao.

Caguas, Puerto Rico
Caguas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɣwas], locally [ˈkawaʔ]) is a city and municipality in central eastern Puerto Rico. Located in the eponymous Caguas Valley between the Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo of the Central Mountain Range, it is bordered by San Juan and Trujillo Alto to the north, Gurabo and San Lorenzo to the west, Aguas Buenas, Cidra and Cayey to the east, and Patillas to the south. With a population of 127,244 as of the 2020 census, Caguas is the fifth most populated municipality in the archipelago and island and a principal city of the San Juan metropolitan area.

Since 2009, Caguas is the only municipality in Puerto Rico recognized as a Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation.
Kentucky Route 1303
Kentucky Route 1303 is a 6.397-mile-long (10.295 km) state highway in Kenton County, Kentucky. The southern terminus of the route is at KY 536 in Independence. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 25, U.S. Route 42 and U.S. Route 127 in Lakeside Park.  On its way to KY 536 it goes through many towns.  These towns include Edgewood, Erlanger, and Independence. The southernmost segment of the route is named Bristow Road, a moniker carried by KY 536 east of KY 1303. At Richardson Road in Independence, KY 1303 becomes Turkeyfoot Road, a name the route retains to its northern terminus.

Kenton County, Kentucky
Kenton County is a county located in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 169,064, making it the third most populous county in Kentucky (behind Jefferson County and Fayette County). Its county seats are Covington and Independence. It was, until November 24, 2010, the only county in Kentucky to have two legally recognized county seats. The county was formed in 1840 and is named for Simon Kenton, a frontiersman notable in the early history of the state.

Kenton County, with Boone and Campbell Counties, is part of the Northern Kentucky metro area, and is included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Justin Willman
Justin Willman (born July 11, 1980) is an American magician, comedian, producer, and television personality. He is the creator and star of Magic for Humans on Netflix. The third season of Magic for Humans was released on May 15, 2020. He has made regular appearances on The Tonight Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and Conan. His debut comedy/magic special Sleight of Mouth premiered on Comedy Central in 2015. He has hosted the shows Cupcake Wars, Halloween Wars, King of Cones on the Food Network, Disney's Win, Lose or Draw on Disney Channel, along with Baking Impossible and The Magic Prank Show with Justin Willman on Netflix.

Win, Lose or Draw (2014 game show)
Win, Lose or Draw (also known as Disney's Win, Lose or Draw) is a game show that aired as a preview on January 17, 2014, and officially premiered on March 3, 2014 on Disney Channel.

In April 2013, the Disney Channel announced a new version of Win, Lose or Draw, to be hosted by Justin Willman. As with Teen Win, Lose or Draw, the two teams on each program are made up of two young contestants plus a teenage celebrity (this time, from a Disney Channel or Disney XD program). New motion-control technology is featured. Jennifer Convy, daughter of original series co-creator Bert Convy, serves as the executive producer. It was not renewed for a second season.
Empress Feng (Later Jin)
Empress Feng (馮皇后, personal name unknown) was the empress and second wife of Shi Chonggui, the second and final emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Jin.  She was previously the wife of his adoptive brother (biological uncle) Shi Chongyin (石重胤).

Shi Chonggui
Shi Chonggui (Chinese: 石重貴) (914 – 10 July 974), known in traditional Chinese historical sources as Emperor Chu of Later Jin (後晉出帝, "the exiled emperor") or Emperor Shao of Later Jin (後晉少帝, "the young emperor"), posthumously known in the Liao dynasty as the Prince of Jin (晉王), was the second and last emperor of China's Later Jin dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

The Later Jin dynasty had often been characterized as a puppet state of the emerging Khitan-led Liao dynasty. The help of their powerful northern neighbors was vital in the formation of the Later Jin, and the cession of the Sixteen Prefectures led to their derision as being the servants of the Liao dynasty. However, after the death of his biological uncle/adoptive father Shi Jingtang (Later Jin's founding emperor) in 942, Shi Chonggui defied Liao's Emperor Taizong, which led to the latter invading the territory of the Later Jin in 946 and 947, resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin.
Motswako
Motswako is a subgenre of hip hop originating from South Africa additionally prominently popularized  in Botswana. Mafikeng, the genre's origin point, is located close to the border of Botswana, where Setswana (Tswana) is predominantly spoken similar to Mafikeng. Motswako blends rap lyrics in local languages like Setswana with English over a steady beat. It also incorporates languages such as Sesotho, Zulu and Afrikaans depending on the artist's background. Popularized by South African acts like HHP and Baphixile (comprising "Prof" and "Blax Myth") in the late nineties, it gained a significant following among local audiences. Many emerging artists in South Africa use motswako as a foundation for their music careers due to its accessible principles, emphasizing creative writing skills crucial for mastering the genre. South Africa and Botswana have a substantial pool of motswako artists, although female representation remains limited.

Hip Hop Pantsula
Jabulani Tsambo (14 September 1980 – 24 October 2018), better known by his stage name Hip Hop Pantsula, later shortened to HHP, was a South African Motswako rapper (Motswakolista) who performed in several languages, mostly in Setswana. He was prominent in bringing South African hip hop and motswako rap to the mainstream world. After his death, the African National Congress called him a "music icon who became a beacon of hope and inspired many artists, and individuals in our country".
Metamora, Indiana
Metamora is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Metamora Township, Franklin County, Indiana. The town was once a stop along the Whitewater Canal and is now primarily dependent on tourism. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 188.

Whitewater Canal
The Whitewater Canal, which was built between 1836 (1836) and 1847 (1847), spanned a distance of 76 miles (122 km) and stretched from Lawrenceburg, Indiana on the Ohio River to Hagerstown, Indiana near the West Fork of the White River.
Health care in Karachi
Health care in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan is administered by both private and public health care providers. Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. Health care is delivered by practitioners in  allied health, dentistry, midwifery (obstetrics), medicine, nursing, optometry, pharmacy, psychology and other health professions. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.

Under the Constitution, every province is charged with managing public health.  The Sindh Ministry of Health is responsible for public health in the province. All the medical colleges in the province are also under the jurisdiction of the Sindh Ministry of Health. The private sector accounts for about 80% of all outpatient visits in Pakistan.

Sindh Health Department
The Sindh Health Department is the provincial department that oversees healthcare for the Pakistani province of Sindh. Several are held responsible for running the department including a cabinet minister and health secretary which are members of the Government of Sindh.
Marjorie Rosen
Marjorie Rosen is an American author, journalist, screenwriter, and professor best known for her 1973 book Popcorn Venus: Women, Movies and the American Dream. Rosen currently teaches Journalism at Lehman College in New York.

Popcorn Venus
Popcorn Venus: Women, Movies & the American Dream (Popcorn Venus) is a book written by Marjorie Rosen, published in 1973. Considered one of the first books written by a woman exploring film from a feminist perspective, Rosen's study covers women's roles in movies from the 1900s into the 1960s and early 1970s in the form of reflection theory. Popcorn Venus explores the changing characterization of women in film throughout the decades, with Rosen emphasizing an unrealistic and stereotypical portrayal depending on the social and political climate of the time. Rosen outlines different archetypes of cinematic female characters in her book, from "Vamp(s)" and "Pin-up(s)" to "Spinsters" and "Fatal Women".
Rebekah Weatherspoon
Rebekah Weatherspoon is an American author and romance novelist. Her books often feature heroines who are black, plus-size, disabled, and LGBTQ. She founded the website WOC in Romance. Weatherspoon received a 2017 Lambda Literary Award for her novel Soul to Keep and was an honoree at the inaugural Ripped Bodice Awards for Excellence in Romance Fiction for Xeni.

The Ripped Bodice
The Ripped Bodice, established on March 4, 2016, is a bookstore in Culver City, California, in the United States, which sells only romance novels. It was the first romance book store opened in the Northern Hemisphere  and expanded to a second location in Brooklyn, New York, in 2023.
Aguinaldo Shrine
The Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine (or the Cavite El Viejo Shrine) is a national shrine located in Kawit, Cavite in the Philippines, where the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain was declared on June 12, 1898, or Independence Day. To commemorate the event, now known as Araw ng Kalayaan or Independence Day, a national holiday, the Philippine flag is raised here by top government officials on June 12 each year. The house is now a museum.

Flag of the Philippines
The national flag of the Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang Watawat ng Pilipinas), also known as Three Stars and a Sun (Filipino: Tatlong Bituin at Isang Araw), is a horizontal bicolor flag with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red, with a white, equilateral triangle at the hoist. In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays, to represent the original eight provinces that rebelled against the Spanish during the 1896 Philippine Revolution. At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star, each of which representing one of the country's three main island groups—Luzon, Visayas (though originally referring to the island of Panay), and Mindanao. The white triangle at the hoist represents liberty, equality, and fraternity. A unique feature of this flag is its usage to indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red side on top, which is effectively achieved by flipping the flag upside-down.
The Last of England (painting)
The Last of England is an 1855 oil-on-panel painting by Ford Madox Brown depicting two emigrants leaving England to start a new life in Australia with their baby. The painting has an oval format and is in the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.

Ford Madox Brown
Ford Madox Brown (16 April 1821 – 6 October 1893) was a British painter of moral and historical subjects, notable for his distinctively graphic and often Hogarthian version of the Pre-Raphaelite style. Arguably, his most notable painting was Work (1852–1865). Brown spent the latter years of his life painting the twelve works known as The Manchester Murals, depicting Mancunian history, for Manchester Town Hall.
Adolphus Frederick III
Adolphus Frederick III (German: Adolf Friedrich III; 7 June 1686 – 11 December 1752) was a Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He founded the town of Neustrelitz as the capital of Mecklenburg-Strelit to replace the old capital which had burnt down.

Neustrelitz
Neustrelitz (German: [nɔʏˈʃtʁeːlɪts] ⓘ; East Low German: Niegenstrelitz) is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the shore of the Zierker See in the Mecklenburg Lake District. From 1738 until 1918 it was the capital of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. From 1994 until 2011 it was the capital of the district of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

The name Strelitz is derived from the Polabian word Strelci, meaning "archers" or "shooters" (cognate with Russian streltsy).
Farhad Fatkullin
Farhad Nail Fatkullin (born 2 November 1979) is a Russian social activist from Tatarstan best known for his activities in promoting the Wikimedia movement among non-Russian speaking peoples of Russian Federation. He was declared Wikimedian of the Year by Jimmy Wales during Wikimania 2018. He is a professional simultaneous interpreter previously serving for Mintimer Shaimiev, former President of Tatarstan.

Wikimedian of the Year
The Wikimedian of the Year is an annual award that honors Wikipedia editors and other contributors to Wikimedia projects to highlight major achievements within the Wikimedia movement, established in August 2011 by Wikipedia's co-founder Jimmy Wales. Wales selects the recipients and honors them at Wikimania, an annual conference of the Wikimedia Foundation—except in 2020, 2021, and 2022 when the recipients were announced at online meetings as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2011 to 2016, the award was named Wikipedian of the Year.
Minamoto no Yoshitomo
Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源 義朝) (1123 – 11 February 1160) was the head of the Minamoto clan and a general of the late Heian period of Japanese history.  His son Minamoto no Yoritomo became shōgun and founded the Kamakura shogunate, the first shogunate in the history of Japan.

His Dharma name was Shōjō Juin (勝定寿院).

Minamoto no Tomonaga
Minamoto no Tomonaga (源 朝長) (1144–1160) was a Minamoto clan samurai of the late Heian period. His father was Minamoto no Yoshitomo and his mother was sister of Hatano Yoshimichi.

Tomonaga accompanied his father and two brothers, Minamoto no Yoshihira and Minamoto no Yoritomo, fleeing Kyoto following their defeat in the Heiji Rebellion in 1160.  Tomonaga had been wounded on Mount Hiei.  The four made their way through snowstorms to the east in an attempt to levy troops. Yoshihira and Yoritomo went on ahead, while Tomonaga lagged behind.  Tomonaga asked his father to kill him so he would not fall into the hands of the enemy. Yoshitomo obliged his son. Shortly afterwards, Yoshitomo was also killed.

Tomonaga's grave was defiled some time later, by Taira no Munekiyo, who brought his head to Kyoto as a trophy.