hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judyann Elder
Judyann Elder  (born Judith Ann Johnson; August 18, 1948) is an American actress, director, and writer. She played Nadine Waters on the FOX sitcom Martin. She also played Harriette Winslow on CBS' Family Matters for the remaining eight episodes of its ninth and final season, after the departure of Jo Marie Payton. Elder is also a veteran of the stage who has appeared in scores of theatrical productions throughout the United States and Europe.

Jo Marie Payton
Jo Marie Payton (born August 3, 1950) is an American actress. She portrayed Harriette Baines Winslow on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters (1989–1997), a role she originated on its forerunner series Perfect Strangers. From 2001 to 2005, Payton provided the voice for Suga Mama Proud (Penny Proud's paternal grandmother) on Disney Channel's animated series The Proud Family and reprised the role in the 2005 television film The Proud Family Movie and also on Disney+'s revival The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder. The role earned her an NAACP Image Award nomination in 2005. Payton also had a recurring role as the personal assistant to Gregory Hines' character, Ben Doucette (Will Truman's boss), during season two of Will & Grace (1999–2000).
Luminance
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted from, or is reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.

The procedure for conversion from spectral radiance to luminance is standardized by the CIE and ISO.

Brightness is the term for the subjective impression of the objective luminance measurement standard (see Objectivity (science) § Objectivity in measurement for the importance of this contrast).

The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). A non-SI term for the same unit is the nit. The unit in the Centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) (which predated the SI system) is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m2.

Photometry (optics)
Photometry is a branch of optics that deals with measuring light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. It is concerned with quantifying the amount of light that is emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received by an object or a system.

Photometric quantities (e.g., luminous flux) are related to their radiometric analogs (e.g., radiant flux) through standardized luminous efficiency functions that model the spectral sensitivity of the human visual system. Typically, this wavelength-dependent weighting function is the photopic sensitivity function, although the scotopic function or other functions may also be applied in the same way. The weightings are standardized by the CIE and ISO.

Photometry is a branch of radiometry. Radiometric quantities are not limited to light (i.e., cover other kinds of optical radiation and are sometimes extended to other kinds of electromagnetic radiation) and are not spectrally weighted.
Burton–Nibbs International Airport
Burton–Nibbs International Airport (IATA: BBQ, ICAO: TAPB) is an international airport in Barbuda, one of the main islands in Antigua and Barbuda. The airport is in the central portion of Barbuda, east of Codrington village. The project cost $55 million and was handled by a company called Bahamas Hot Mix.

The airport replaced Barbuda Codrington Airport, which closed in the evening of 2 October 2024. The new airport opened in the morning of 3 October 2024. On 12 September 2024, the Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda announced that the airport would be named after Eric Burton and Arthur Nibbs. The name was chosen due to Burton and Nibbs' stance in favor of a unitary Antigua and Barbuda, and due to Nibbs' stance against the Barbuda Land Acts. Burton's family has requested his name be removed from the facility.

Barbuda Codrington Airport
Barbuda Codrington Airport (IATA: BBQ, ICAO: TAPH) was a public airport serving the village of Codrington, on the island of Barbuda. Its runway is only 500 metres long, only sufficient for STOL or very light aeroplanes.

In September 2017, Hurricane Irma seriously damaged Barbuda Codrington Airport, and as a result, Antiguan and Barbudan authorities shut down the airport until repairs were completed. The airport reopened shortly after and continued to operate normally in the following years.

The airport closed permanently in the evening of 2 October 2024. It was replaced by Burton–Nibbs International Airport the following morning.
Type 91 heavy tank
The Type 91 heavy tank was a Japanese multi-turreted tank design and was in commission during the time period between World War I and World War II. The central turret had a main armament a Type 90 57 mm cannon and a 6.5 mm machine gun. Its secondary front turret mounted a 6.5 mm machine gun and its rear turret also had a 6.5 mm machine gun. One prototype was produced in 1931 and field tested. However, it was determined to be under armed and under armoured. The Type 91 project was cancelled in favor of a subsequent modified multi-turreted tank design known as the Type 95 heavy tank.

Type 95 heavy tank
The Type 95 heavy tank (Japanese: 九五式重戦車, kyūgo-shiki jūsensha), also known as the Type 95 Ro-Go, was the final result of Japanese multi-turreted tank design and was in commission during the time period between World War I and World War II. The main armament was a Type 94 70 mm cannon in a central turret, with its secondary front auxiliary turret mounting a 37 mm gun and a 6.5 mm machine gun in the rear auxiliary turret. Four prototypes were produced in 1934.
Tay Wei Ming
Tay Wei Ming (Chinese: 郑伟铭; pinyin: Zhèng Wěimíng born 23 August 1988) is a Singaporean para-badminton player. He was Singapore's first ever Para-Badminton world champion. He won the BWF Para-Badminton World Championships in 2017, when he partnered Indonesia's Suryo Nugroho to defeat the World No.1 Malaysian pair of Cheah Liek Hou and Hairol Fozi Saaba to claim gold in the men’s doubles SU5.

Suryo Nugroho
Suryo Nugroho (born 17 April 1995) is an Indonesian para-badminton player. He won the bronze and silver medal at the men's singles SU5 event at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Paralympics respectively. In 2017, he won the BWF Para-Badminton World Championships, when he partnered Singaporean Tay Wei Ming to defeat the World No.1 Malaysian pair of Cheah Liek Hou and Hairol Fozi Saaba to claim gold in the men’s doubles SU5.
Ansar Dine
Ansar Dine (Arabic: أنصار الدين ʾAnṣār ad-Dīn, also transliterated Ançar Deen), meaning "helpers of the religion" (Islam) (Defenders of the Faith) and also known as Ansar al-Din (abbreviated as AAD), was a Salafi jihadist group led by Iyad Ag Ghaly. Ansar Dine sought to impose absolute sharia across Mali. The group took over the city of Timbuktu in 2012, which prompted the French-led intervention, Operation Serval.

The organization is not to be confused with the Sufi movement Ançar Dine, founded in Southern Mali in the 1990s by Chérif Ousmane Madani Haïdara, which is fundamentally opposed to militant Islamism. Ansar Dine was opposed to Sufi shrines, and it had destroyed a number of such shrines.

Ansar Dine was active from March 2012 until March 2017, when it merged with other militant Islamist groups to form Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin.

Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin
Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (Arabic: جماعة نصرة الإسلام والمسلمين, JNIM; French: Groupe de soutien à l'islam et aux musulmans, GSIM; lit. 'Support Group for Islam and Muslims') is a Salafi Jihadist organisation in the Maghreb and West Africa formed by the merger of Ansar Dine, al-Mourabitoun and the Saharan branch of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (a militant wing of Al-Qaeda). Its leaders swore allegiance to Ayman al-Zawahiri.

In the early 2020s, JNIM was reported to be the fastest-growing  militant organization in the world. As of 2025, it is considered the most heavily armed militant group in the Sahel and one of the most powerful globally. The group operates a decentralized proto-state model in areas under its control, enforcing a strict interpretation of Islamic law and collecting taxes. Its influence is presently expanding southward into coastal West African countries, including Benin and Togo.
Modern South Arabian languages
The Modern South Arabian languages, also known as Eastern South Semitic languages, are a group of endangered languages spoken by small populations inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula, in Yemen (including Socotra) and Oman. Together with the Ethiosemitic and Sayhadic languages, the Western branch, they form the South Semitic sub-branch of the Afroasiatic language family's Semitic branch.

Mehri and Hobyot are spoken in both Yemen and Oman. Soqotri is only spoken in the Yemeni archipelago of Socotra, and the Harsusi, Bathari, and Shehri languages are only spoken in Oman.

Soqotri language
Soqotri is a South Semitic language spoken by the Soqotrans on the islands of the Socotra Archipelago in Yemen. Soqotri is one of six languages that form a group called Modern South Arabian languages (MSAL). It is also spoken by Soqotri immigrants in the Gulf Arab states.
Comparison of download managers
This comparison contains download managers, and also file sharing applications that can be used as download managers (using the http, https and ftp-protocol). For pure file sharing applications see the Comparison of file sharing applications.

Comparison of file-sharing applications
File sharing is a method of distributing electronically stored information such as computer programs and digital media. This article contains a list and comparison of file sharing applications; most of them make use of peer-to-peer file sharing technologies.

This comparison also contains download managers that can be used as file sharing applications. For solely download managers, see the comparison of download managers; for BitTorrent-only clients, see the comparison of BitTorrent clients.
Pyongnam Line
The P'yŏngnam Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the Korean State Railway in North Korea, linking P'yŏngyang with the port city of Namp'o and the hot springs at P'yŏngnam Onch'ŏn. The length of the line is 89.9 km (55.9 mi).

The P'yŏngnam Line serves as a connection between the various trunk lines starting at P'yŏngyang that serve the north and east of the country with the lines in the southwestern part of North Korea by means of a connection to the Sŏhae Kammun Line (West Sea Barrage Line). It connects to the Ryonggang Line and the Taean Line, as well as to the P'yŏngyanghwajŏn Line, the Chamjilli Line, the Posan Line, the Tojiri Line, the Namp'o Port Line, and, formerly, the Namdong Line.

Ryonggang Line
The Ryonggang Line is a non-electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway located entirely within Namp'o Special City, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Ryonggang on the P'yŏngnam Line to Mayŏng. The line connects to the Husan Line to Yangmak at Husan.
Perfect Match (Australian game show)
Perfect Match Australia is an Australian dating game show based on the format of the American game show The Dating Game. Perfect Match was produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation.

It originally aired on Network Ten for 30 minutes most weekdays from 5:30pm between 1984 and 1989. The format was revived in Australia for subsequent programs Blind Date based on its US counterpart on Network Ten in 1991, and again a revised version of Perfect Match this time airing on the Seven Network in 2002 premiering on 24 August.

Blind Date (Australian game show)
Blind Date is an Australian television game show which was originally based on the American series The Dating Game.

Blind Date first aired from 1967 to 1970 on the 0-10 Network (now known as Network 10). Graham Webb hosted the series from its debut to the 28 November 1969 episode. Jeremy Cordeaux hosted the show in 1970.

A 1974 version on the Seven Network was hosted by Scottish-born Bobby Hanna. A 1991 version hosted by Greg Evans was screened on Network Ten as a revived version of Perfect Match, which was also based on the same format.

A new series, termed the show's revival, began on 15 October 2018 on Channel 10, hosted by Julia Morris. It was broadcast at 7:30 pm on Mondays until the fifth episode, where it moved to the time-slot of 8:40 pm on Wednesdays.
West Virginia Mountaineers football
The West Virginia Mountaineers football team represents West Virginia University (WVU) in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of college football. West Virginia plays its home games at Milan Puskar Stadium on the campus of West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia. The Mountaineers have won or shared a total of 15 conference championships, including eight Southern Conference titles and seven Big East Conference titles. The Mountaineers compete in the Big 12 Conference.

Milan Puskar Stadium
Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium is an American football stadium in Morgantown, West Virginia, on the campus of West Virginia University. It opened in 1980 and serves as the home field for the West Virginia Mountaineers football team. On the day the stadium opened, at an opening ceremony, John Denver touched down on the field in a helicopter, performed the song "Take Me Home, Country Roads," and then immediately departed by helicopter. The facility is named for Milan Puskar, a Morgantown resident and founder of Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. who donated $20 million to the university in 2004. The playing surface retains the stadium's original name of Mountaineer Field, which was also the name of WVU's previous football stadium. The stadium’s design was inspired by Jack Trice Stadium, which opened a few years earlier at Iowa State University.
Asemonea pinangensis
Asemonea pinangensis is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that is endemic to Malaysia. The spider was first defined in 1980 by Fred Wanless. It is a small spider, with a carapace that is typically 1.16 mm (0.046 in) long and an abdomen typically 1.2 mm (0.047 in) long. The carapace is whitish-yellow with black markings and the abdomen black with whitish-yellow markings. The coloration, as well as the lip on its dorsal tibial apophysis, help distinguish the species from the otherwise similar Asemonea maculata, Asemonea minuta and Asemonea tanikawai. The female has not been described.

Asemonea maculata
Asemonea maculata is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that is endemic to Ivory Coast. The spider was first defined in 1980 by Fred Wanless. It is a small spider, with a carapace that is between 2.08 and 2.10 mm (1⁄16 and 1⁄16 in) long and an abdomen typically 2.4 mm (1⁄8 in) long. The carapace is amber to whitish-yellow and the abdomen whitish-yellow, both with black markings. It is similar to the related species Asemonea pinangensis and Asemonea tanikawai, but can be distinguished by the tibia on the male pedipalp. The female has not been described.
Interpolation inequality
In the field of mathematical analysis, an interpolation inequality is an inequality of the form

where for ,   is an element of some particular vector space  equipped with norm  and  is some real exponent,  and  is some constant independent of . The vector spaces concerned are usually function spaces, and many interpolation inequalities assume  and so bound the norm of an element in one space with a combination norms in other spaces, such as Ladyzhenskaya's inequality and the Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation inequality, both given below. Nonetheless, some important interpolation inequalities involve distinct elements , including Hölder's inequality and Young's inequality for convolutions which are also presented below.

Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation inequality
In mathematics, and in particular in mathematical analysis, the Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation inequality is a result in the theory of Sobolev spaces that relates the -norms of different weak derivatives of a function through an interpolation inequality. The theorem is of particular importance in the framework of elliptic partial differential equations and was originally formulated by Emilio Gagliardo and Louis Nirenberg in 1958. The Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality has found numerous applications in the investigation of nonlinear partial differential equations, and has been generalized to fractional Sobolev spaces by Haïm Brezis and Petru Mironescu in the late 2010s.
Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital
Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital is one of the oldest maternity hospitals in Europe, founded in 1739 in London. Until October 2000, it occupied sites in Marylebone Road and at 339–351 Goldhawk Road, Hammersmith, but is now located between East Acton and White City, adjacent to the Hammersmith Hospital. It is managed by the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust is an NHS trust based in London, England. It is one of the largest NHS trusts in England and together with Imperial College London forms an academic health science centre.

The trust was formed in October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust and St Mary's NHS Trust and their integration with Imperial College Faculty of Medicine. It currently manages five hospitals: Charing Cross Hospital; Hammersmith Hospital; Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital; St Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital. In 2019/20 Imperial College Healthcare had a turnover of £1.3 billion, employed approximately 13,000 people and treated about 1.3 million patients.
K-52 (Kansas highway)
K-52 is an approximately 23-mile-long (37 km) east–west state highway in eastern Kansas. Its western terminus is at an intersection with K-31 southeast of Mound City. K-52 then overlaps U.S. Route 69 for eight miles (13 km) through Pleasanton and Trading Post, then splits off to the east. three miles (4.8 km) later, it crosses into Missouri, becoming Route 52.

Before state highways were numbered in Kansas there were auto trails. K-192 follows a short section of the former Jefferson Highway in Mound City. The former routing through Pleasanton follows the former Ozark Trails and Kansas City-Fort Scott-Miami-Tulsa Short Line. K-52 was first established as a state highway on January 7, 1937, and went from K-38 in Blue Mound northeastward to K-7 in Mound City. It was extended west then south to US-54 in Moran by the end of 1937. It was realigned to the west of Pleasanton in 1987 and eight years later, the highway was truncated to its current western terminus.

K-31 (Kansas highway)
K-31 is a 134-mile (216 km) long state highway in the U.S. state of Kansas. K-31 is signed as east–west from US-69 in Fulton to US-59 west of Kincaid and is signed as north–south from US-59 west of Kincaid to K-99 west of Harveyville. K-31 runs diagonally southeast–northwest, connecting small towns in east-central Kansas.
Margaret of Sicily
Margaret of Sicily, also called Margaret of Hohenstaufen or Margaret of Germany (Italian: Margherita di Sicilia; German: Margaretha von Staufen; 1 December 1241 – 8 August 1270) was a Sicilian and German princess from the House of Hohenstaufen. By marriage she became Landgravine of Thuringia and Countess Palatine of Saxony (Landgräfin von Thüringen und Pfalzgräfin von Sachsen).

She was born in Foggia, the daughter of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily and Germany, and his third wife, Isabella of England. Her paternal grandparents were Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor and Constance of Sicily. Her maternal grandparents were John of England and Isabella of Angoulême.

Isabella of England
Isabella of England (1214 – 1 December 1241) was an English princess of the House of Plantagenet. She became Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Sicily, Italy and Germany from 1235 until her death as the third wife of Emperor Frederick II.
Simat de la Valldigna
Simat de la Valldigna (Valencian pronunciation: [siˈmad de la ˌvaʎˈdiŋna]) is a municipality in the comarca of Safor in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is 50 km from Valencia, and 20 km from Cullera and Gandia. It is also near Xàtiva and Alzira.

It is one of the four villages which are a part of La Valldigna. It is a natural area, which is surrounded by the mountains of the Serra de Corbera, in the north, by the Montdúver in the south, and by the Mediterranean Sea to the east.

Safor
Safor (Valencian: [saˈfoɾ]; Spanish: [saˈfoɾ]) is a comarca within the province of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain. The capital is the city of Gandia, but also includes the towns of Oliva, Piles and Daimús, among others. The beach area of Gandia, La Platja, is well known for its wild nightlife during the summer.

The former natural and historical comarca of Valldigna has been integrated into Safor comarca for administrative purposes.
Balloch railway station
Balloch railway station is a railway station serving the town of Balloch in Scotland. The station is a western terminus of the North Clyde Line, sited 20 miles 38 chains (33.0 km) northwest of Glasgow Queen Street, measured via Singer and Maryhill.

Singer railway station
Singer railway station is a two-platformed staffed station serving Clydebank town centre, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is located on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Line between Drumry and Dalmuir, 9 miles 5 chains (14.6 km) from Glasgow Queen Street, measured via Maryhill. All passenger services are provided by ScotRail.
Beyond Dark Castle
Beyond Dark Castle is a computer game, released for Macintosh in 1987 by Silicon Beach Software. It was designed by Mark Stephen Pierce and programmed by Jonathan Gay. It is the sequel to Dark Castle, with more levels, monsters and items, as well as a larger game map and longer levels. A second sequel, Return to Dark Castle, was released in 2008.

Activision published ports for the Commodore 64 and the Amiga.

Dark Castle
Dark Castle is a 1986 platform game for Macintosh, originally published by Silicon Beach Software. The game was designed and animated by Mark Pierce and programmed by Jonathan Gay, with Real Sound provided by Eric Zocher. In Dark Castle, a young hero named Duncan attempts to reach the evil Black Knight while dodging various objects and solving occasional puzzles.

A sequel, Beyond Dark Castle, was released in 1987. A second sequel, Return to Dark Castle, was developed by Super Happy Fun Fun, Inc. and released on the Mac App Store on March 14, 2008.

Ports to other platforms were also published by Three-Sixty Pacific and Electronic Arts for the SEGA Genesis. The series has sold over 1 million copies.
Didim
Didim is a municipality and district of Aydın Province, Turkey. Its area is 424 km2, and its population is 97,000 (2022). It is a popular seaside holiday resort on the Aegean coast of western Turkey, 123 km (76 mi) from the provincial capital city of Aydın. Didim is the site of the antique city of Didyma with its ruined Temple of Apollo.

Didyma
Didyma (/ˈdɪdɪmə/; Ancient Greek: Δίδυμα) was an ancient Greek sanctuary on the coast of Ionia in the domain of the famous city of Miletus. Apollo was the main deity of the sanctuary of Didyma, also called Didymaion. But it was home to both of the temples dedicated to the twins Apollo and Artemis. Other deities were also honoured within the sanctuary. The Didymaion was well renowned in antiquity because of its famed oracle. This oracle of Apollo was situated within what was, and is, one of the world's greatest temples to Apollo. The remains of this Hellenistic temple belong to the best preserved temples of classical antiquity. Besides this temple other buildings existed within the sanctuary which have been rediscovered recently; a Greek theatre and the foundations of the above-mentioned Hellenistic temple of Artemis, to name but two.