hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johnson's algorithm
Johnson's algorithm is a way to find the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in an edge-weighted directed graph. It allows some of the edge weights to be negative numbers, but no negative-weight cycles may exist. It works by using the Bellman–Ford algorithm to compute a transformation of the input graph that removes all negative weights, allowing Dijkstra's algorithm to be used on the transformed graph. It is named after Donald B. Johnson, who first published the technique in 1977.

A similar reweighting technique is also used in a version of the successive shortest paths algorithm for the minimum cost flow problem due to Edmonds and Karp, as well as in  Suurballe's algorithm for finding two disjoint paths of minimum total length between the same two vertices in a graph with non-negative edge weights.

Shortest path problem
In graph theory, the shortest path problem is the problem of finding a path between two vertices (or nodes) in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized.

The problem of finding the shortest path between two intersections on a road map may be modeled as a special case of the shortest path problem in graphs, where the vertices correspond to intersections and the edges correspond to road segments, each weighted by the length or distance of each segment.
Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry
Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry (Urdu: سلطان محمود چوہدری; 1955 – 31 January 2026) was an Azad Kashmiri politician who hailed from Mirpur. He served as Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir between July 1996 to July 2001 and served as the President of Azad Kashmir from 25 August 2021 until his death on 31 January 2026.

Mirpur, Azad Kashmir
Mirpur (Potwari: مرپر [mɪɾˈpəɾᵊ]; Urdu: ميرپور [miːɾˈpuːɾ]), officially known as New Mirpur City, is the capital of Mirpur district located in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the second largest city of Azad Kashmir and the 74th most populous city in Pakistan.

A significant portion of the population from the district, the Mirpuri diaspora, migrated to the United Kingdom in the mid-to-late 1950s and in the early 1960s. Mirpur is thus sometimes known as "Little England". Many British products are found, and many shops in the city accept the pound sterling.
Kendall/MIT station
Kendall/MIT station (signed as Kendall) is an underground rapid transit station in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is served by the MBTA Red Line.  Located at the intersection of Main Street and Broadway, it is named for the primary areas it serves - the Kendall Square business district and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Opened in March 1912 as part of the original Cambridge subway, Kendall/MIT has two side platforms serving the line's two tracks. The Kendall Band, a public art installation of hand-operated musical sculptures, is located between the tracks in the station with controls located on the platforms. Kendall/MIT station is accessible. With 17,018 weekday boardings by a FY2019 count, Kendall/MIT has the fourth highest ridership among MBTA subway stations.

Kendall Band
The Kendall Band is a three-part musical sculpture created between 1986 and 1988 by Paul Matisse, who is the grandson of French artist Henri Matisse and stepson of surrealist artist Marcel Duchamp. It is installed between the inbound and outbound tracks of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Kendall Station located in Cambridge, Massachusetts near the MIT campus.  As of 2007, the art work was seen by an estimated 12,518 riders on an average weekday. It had originally cost $90,000 to construct.

The three parts of the interactive work are called Pythagoras, Kepler, and Galileo, and are all controlled by levers located on the subway platforms.
Corey O'Brien
Corey Daniel O’Brien (born September 11, 1973) is an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Lackawanna County Board of Commissioners from 2008 to 2015. In 2010, he challenged incumbent Congressman Paul Kanjorski in the May 2010 Democratic primary but lost.

Paul Kanjorski
Paul Edmund Kanjorski (born April 2, 1937) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district from 1985 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

The district included the cities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and Hazleton, as well as most of the Poconos.

Before his election to Congress, Kanjorski was a trial attorney, city solicitor, and administrative law judge for workers' compensation. He also served in the United States Army Reserves.
Lee Valley White Water Centre
Lee Valley White Water Centre (previously known as Broxbourne White Water Canoe Centre) is a white-water slalom centre in the Middle Lea Valley, in the Borough of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire. It was constructed to host the canoe slalom events of the London 2012 Olympic Games.

On 9 December 2010, the Princess Royal officially opened the venue which is owned by Lee Valley Regional Park Authority and managed by Greenwich Leisure Limited (GLL) under its "Better" brand. The £31 million ($50 million US) project to construct the centre finished on schedule and was the first newly constructed Olympic venue to be completed.

The Olympic canoe slalom competition was held from 29 July through 2 August 2012. The venue also hosted the 2015 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships.

Lee Valley Regional Park Authority
Lee Valley Regional Park Authority (LVRPA) is a statutory body that is responsible for managing and developing the 26 miles (42 km) long, 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) Lee Valley Regional Park. The park was established by Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1967. The headquarters of the authority are in Myddelton House, Bulls Cross in the London Borough of Enfield, well known in the horticultural world for the gardens developed by E.A. Bowles (1865–1954)  and still fully maintained and open to the public.
Dushyant Wagh
Dushyant Wagh (born 23 January 1987) is an Indian actor. He has acted in films like Tera Mera Saath Rahen, Dombivli Fast, 3 Idiots and in the TV serial Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha on Colors TV. He also starred as Trivedi on Ishq Mein Marjawan that airs on Colors TV.

Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha
Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha (transl. You didn't speak nor did I say anything) is an Indian Hindi-language drama television series that premiered from 9 January 2012 to 12 September 2013 on Colors TV. Produced under Sunshine Productions, it starred Kunal Karan Kapoor, Aakanksha Singh.
Taryn Terrell
Taryn Nicole Dryden (née Terrell; born December 28, 1985) is an American model, actress, stuntwoman, ring announcer and retired professional wrestler. She is best known for her tenures in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), under her real name, and in WWE, where she performed under the ring name Tiffany.

She was a former TNA Knockouts Champion while being in the TNA Knockouts Division, where her 279-day reign stood as the longest reign in the title's history until 2019. During her time in WWE, she trained at WWE's then-developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), and served as the final general manager of the now-defunct ECW brand. She worked in National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 2021 up until her retirement on November 10, 2022.

Brooke Tessmacher
Brooke Nichole Adams (born December 4, 1984) is an American model and retired professional wrestler, she is best known for her time in WWE and Impact Wrestling where she performed under the ring name Brooke Tessmacher.

She is best known for her time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where she is a three–time TNA Knockouts Champion, and a one–time TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion with Tara, known collectively as TnT. She previously worked for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) between 2006 and 2007, appearing with Kelly Kelly and Layla in the dance troupe Extreme Exposé, on the company's ECW brand.
Ropley railway station
Ropley railway station is a railway station in Ropley, Hampshire, England, which opened in 1865 and reopened in 1977 after four years' closure, to be served by steam and select diesel trains on the Watercress Line which shares its terminus at Alton railway station along with the more major Alton Line.

Watercress Line
The Watercress Line is the marketing name of the Mid-Hants Railway, a heritage railway in Hampshire, England, running 10 miles (16 km) from New Alresford to Alton where it connects to the National Rail network. The line gained its popular name in the days when it was used to transport locally grown watercress to markets in London. The railway currently operates regular scheduled services, along with dining trains, real ale trains and numerous special events throughout the year.
Gary Beach
Gary Beach (October 10, 1947 – July 17, 2018) was an American actor of stage, film and television.  He portrayed Roger De Bris in both the stage and film productions of The Producers, for which he won a Tony Award; he received a Tony nomination for his portrayal of Lumiere in the stage musical version of Disney's Beauty and the Beast.

The Producers (2005 film)
The Producers is a 2005 American musical comedy film directed by Susan Stroman and written by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan based on the eponymous 2001 Broadway musical, which in turn was based on Brooks' 1967 film of the same name. The film stars an ensemble cast led by Nathan Lane, Matthew Broderick, Uma Thurman, Will Ferrell, Gary Beach, Roger Bart, and Jon Lovitz. Creature effects were provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop.

The film was released in the United States and Canada by Universal Pictures and internationally by Sony Pictures Releasing International under the Columbia Pictures label in a limited release on December 16, 2005, followed by a wide release on December 25. It garnered generally mixed reviews from critics, and was a commercial failure, earning $38 million worldwide from a $45 million budget.
Morro da Garça
Morro da Garça is a Brazilian municipality located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 2,437 living in a total area of 414 km2. The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Central Mineira and to the statistical microregion of Curvelo.  It became a municipality in 1962.

Curvelo
Curvelo is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is located in the geodesic centre of Minas Gerais, 170 km north of the capital, Belo Horizonte, and connected to the capital by highways MG 135 and BR 040. Its estimated population is 80,616 inhabitants (2020) and the total area of the municipality is 3,344 kmª. The city lies at an altitude of 633 metres. Curvelo takes its name from the Brazil-born Portuguese priest Antônio Corvelo de Ávila, when the parish of Santo Antônio da Estrada e o Padre Antônio de Ávila Curvelo was founded in the 18th century (on 16 March 1720).
Politics of West Bengal
Politics in West Bengal is dominated by the following major political parties: the All India Trinamool Congress, the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress. For many decades, the state underwent gruesome and terrible political violence. Since the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, it has been governed by the Trinamool Congress party. Previously, it was ruled by Left Front led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) for over three decades.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Shagidi
"Shagidi" is a song recorded by the Filipino girl group Bini as a special single for their Biniverse World Tour 2025. Written by Angela Ken, Anna Achoso-Graham, Courtlin Edwards, JBach, Marqueze Parker, and Tommy Brown, "Shagidi" is a playful and upbeat track inspired by the Filipino children's game, Shagidi Shapopo. The game was introduced and played by ABS-CBN artists Angela Ken, Angia Laurel, and Maymay Entrata alongside various producers during an ABS-CBN music camp held in Davao City in 2024. The song was released by Star Music on June 5, 2025. Its official music video was released on August 8.

Biniverse World Tour 2025
The Biniverse World Tour 2025 (stylized as BINIverse World Tour 2025) was the second concert tour by Filipino girl group Bini. The tour began on February 15, 2025, at the Philippine Arena in Bulacan. The shows spanned multiple cities, including Dubai, London, key cities in the United States, Vancouver in Canada. The tour concluded on June 21, 2025.

The show at the Philippine Arena made Bini the first Filipino act to hold a sold-out concert in the arena. The Philippine show also saw the first live performance of the group's single, "Blink Twice".
Western Yugur language
Western Yugur (Yoğır lar 'Yugur speech' or Yoğır śoz 'Yugur word'), also known as Neo-Uygur, is the Turkic language spoken by the Yugur people. It is contrasted with Eastern Yugur, a Mongolic language spoken within the same community. Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the endonym of the Yugur.

There are approximately 2,000 speakers of Western Yugur.

Salar language
Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China; some also live in Ili, Xinjiang. It is a primary branch and an eastern outlier of the Oghuz branch of Turkic, the other Oghuz languages being spoken mostly in West and Central Asia. The Salar number about 105,000 people, about 70,000 (2002) speak the Salar language; under 20,000 are monolinguals.

According to Salar tradition and Chinese chronicles, the Salars are the descendants of the Salur tribe, belonging to the Oghuz Turk tribe of the Western Turkic Khaganate. During the Tang dynasty, the Salur tribe dwelt within China's borders and since then has lived within the Qinghai-Gansu border region. Contemporary Salar has some influence from Mandarin Chinese and Amdo Tibetan.
Jim Louderback
James Louderback (born 1961) is the CEO of VidCon, and was previously the CEO of Revision3. He has had numerous jobs in media companies involved in technology, most notably with TechTV and editor-in-chief of PC Magazine. He is also well known as the television host of TechTV's Fresh Gear for three years from 1998 to 2000.

Revision3
Revision3 was a San Francisco–based  multi-channel television network that created, produced and distributed streaming television shows on niche topics. Founded in 2005, it operated as a subsidiary of Discovery Digital Networks since 2012. The network produced technology and gaming oriented programming in tandem with traditional comedic, political, DIY, and movie-related content. 
On March 31, 2017, Discovery Communications closed the website.
Golden Buddha (statue)
The Golden Buddha (Thai: หลวงพ่อทองคำ, RTGS: Luang Pho Thongkham), officially titled Phra Phuttha Maha Suwanna Patimakon (Thai: พระพุทธมหาสุวรรณปฏิมากร; Sanskrit: Buddhamahāsuvarṇapaṭimākara), commonly known in Thai as Phra Sukhothai Traimit (Thai: พระสุโขทัยไตรมิตร), is a gold Maravijaya Attitude seated Buddharupa statue, with a weight of 5.5 tonnes (12,125 lb). It is located in the temple of Wat Traimit, Bangkok, Thailand. At one point in its history, the statue was covered with a layer of stucco and coloured glass to conceal its true value, and it remained in this condition for almost 200 years, ending up as what was then a pagoda of minor significance. During relocation of the statue in 1955, the plaster was chipped off and the beautiful shining gold revealed. Guinness World Records recognizes the image as both the world's largest solid gold sculpture and, by intrinsic gold value, the most valuable object of religion.

Maravijaya attitude
Māravijaya attitude is an attitude of Buddha in Thai art in which the seated Buddha is putting his hand in the relax posture towards the ground, loosely holding his knee. The other hand is on his lap. His eyes, sometimes closed, look down to the ground. The gesture of the hand reaching the ground is called bhumisparshamudra, which also refers to the attitude as well. The gesture refers to the episode which the Buddha calls the earth to witness.

The attitude refers to the episode that he was reaching the enlightenment and being disturbed by maras. Learning that the maras asked him to give up, he touched the ground and called the Phra Mae Thorani to help him fight with the maras. Thoranee called tonnes of water and flooded away the maras. The episode results in the name Mara Vichai which means the "Victory (vichai) over the Mara".

The Dakkhinasakha style of the Buddha in Burmese art features the Buddha in the Māravijaya attitude.
"P" Is for Peril
"P" Is for Peril is the 16th novel in the "Alphabet" series of mystery novels by Sue Grafton. The novel focuses on the disappearance of Dr. Dowan Purcell, a nursing home administrator and doctor at Pacific Meadows Nursing Home, and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. The novel is set in 1986.

Sue Grafton
Sue Taylor Grafton (April 24, 1940 – December 28, 2017) was an American author of detective novels. She is best known as the author of the "alphabet series" ("A" Is for Alibi, etc.) featuring private investigator Kinsey Millhone in the fictional city of Santa Teresa, California. The daughter of detective novelist C. W. Grafton, she said the strongest influence on her crime novels was author Ross Macdonald. Before her success with this series, she wrote screenplays for television movies.
Atsimo-Andrefana
Atsimo-Andrefana (South West) is a region of Madagascar. It borders Menabe in north, Amoron'i Mania and Haute Matsiatra in northeast, Ihorombe and Anosy in east and Androy in southeast. The capital is Toliara and the population was 1,799,088 in 2018. Atsimo Andrefana is geographically the largest of all Malagasy regions with an area of 66,236 km2 (25,574 sq mi).

Toliara
Toliara (also known as Toliary, [tuliˈar]; formerly  Tuléar) is a city in southern Madagascar. It is the capital of the Atsimo-Andrefana region, located 936 km southwest of the national capital Antananarivo.

The current spelling of the name was adopted in the 1970s, reflecting the orthography of the Malagasy language. Many geographic place names, assigned French spellings during the colonial period, were altered following Malagasy independence in 1960.

The city has a population of 168,758 in 2018. As a port town it acts as a major import/export hub for commodities such as sisal, soap, hemp, cotton, rice and peanuts.
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (born Pieter Gerbrandij; 13 April 1885 – 7 September 1961) was a Dutch politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 3 September 1940 until 25 June 1945. He oversaw the government-in-exile based in London under Queen Wilhelmina during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP).

Dutch government-in-exile
The Dutch government-in-exile (Dutch: Nederlandse regering in ballingschap), also known as the London Cabinet (Dutch: Londens kabinet), was the government in exile of the Netherlands, supervised by Queen Wilhelmina, that fled to London after the German invasion of the country during World War II on 10 May 1940. The government had control over the Free Dutch Forces.
Cam Ward (American football)
Cameron Anthony Ward (born May 25, 2002) is an American professional football quarterback for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Incarnate Word Cardinals, Washington State Cougars, and Miami Hurricanes, winning the 2020 Jerry Rice Award with Incarnate Word and the 2024 Davey O'Brien and Manning awards with Miami. Ward was selected by the Titans first overall in the 2025 NFL draft.

Incarnate Word Cardinals football
The Incarnate Word Cardinals football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of the Incarnate Word (UIW) located in San Antonio, Texas. The program began in 2009 and originally competed in NCAA Division II as members of the Lone Star Conference. In 2013, the school moved to Division I. For the 2013 season, UIW competed as a member of the Southland Conference for all sports except football. Football competed with an 11-game schedule as an Independent. UIW began playing Southland football in the 2014 season. The team plays its home games at the 6,000 seat Gayle and Tom Benson Stadium.
Topical steroid
Topical steroids are the topical forms of corticosteroids. Topical steroids are the most commonly prescribed topical medications for the treatment of rash and eczema. Topical steroids have anti-inflammatory properties and are classified based on their skin vasoconstrictive abilities. There are numerous topical steroid products. All the preparations in each class have the same anti-inflammatory properties but essentially differ in base and price.

Side effects may occur from sudden discontinuation and prolonged, continuous use can lead to skin thinning. Intermittent use of topical steroids for atopic dermatitis is safe and does not cause skin thinning.

Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments.  Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word topical derives from Greek τοπικός topikos, "of a place".
Xandighati Mongol Ethnic Township
Xandighati Mongol Ethnic Township is an ethnic township in Altay City, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. The ethnic township spans an area of 528 square kilometres (204 sq mi). As of 2018, Xandighati Mongol Ethnic Township has a hukou population of 3,390.

Altay City
Altay (also spelled Altai or Aletai) is a county-level city in Altay Prefecture within Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, in far Northern Xinjiang, China. The city centre is located on the banks of Kelan River.