hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Huttwil–Wolhusen railway line
The Huttwil–Wolhusen railway line is a single-track standard-gauge railway line in Switzerland and currently operated by BLS AG. It was built by the Huttwil-Wolhusen-Bahn (HWB), based in Willisau, and opened on 9 May 1895. Operations were managed by the Langenthal-Huttwil-Bahn (LHB), which owned and operated the Langenthal–Huttwil railway. On 1 January 1944, the HWB was merged into the Vereinigte Huttwil-Bahnen (United Huttwil Railways, VHB), which was later merged into BLS AG.

Langenthal–Huttwil railway
The Langenthal–Huttwil railway is a single-track standard-gauge line in Switzerland and currently operated by BLS AG. It was built by the Langenthal-Huttwil-Bahn (LHB) and opened in 1889.  On 1 January 1944, the LHB was merged into the Vereinigte Huttwil-Bahnen (United Huttwil Railways, VHB), which was later merged into BLS AG.
GRIMMS
GRIMMS were an English pop rock, comedy, and poetry group, originally formed as a merger of The Scaffold with two members of the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band and the Liverpool Scene for two concerts in 1971 at the suggestion of John Gorman.

The band's name is an acronym, formed from the initial letters of each original member's surname:

Gorman, John (The Scaffold) – vocals

Roberts, Andy (Liverpool Scene and The Scaffold) – vocals, guitar

Innes, Neil (Bonzo Dog Band) – vocals, keyboards, guitar

McGear, Mike (The Scaffold) – vocals, percussion

McGough, Roger (The Scaffold) – vocals, spoken poetry

Stanshall, Vivian (Bonzo Dog Band) – vocals, percussion, brass instruments.

The Scaffold
The Scaffold are a comedy, poetry and music trio from Liverpool, England, consisting of musical performer Mike McGear, poet Roger McGough and comic entertainer John Gorman. They are perhaps most notable for their successful singles "Thank U Very Much" (1967) and the UK Christmas number 1 "Lily the Pink" (1968). Since initially disbanding in 1977, the group have occasionally re-formed for performances and projects.
Potassium sorbate
Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, structural formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K.  It is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C).  It is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202). Potassium sorbate is effective in a variety of applications including food, wine, and personal care products. While sorbic acid occurs naturally in rowan and hippophae berries, virtually all of the world's supply of sorbic acid, from which potassium sorbate is derived, is manufactured synthetically.

Sorbic acid
Sorbic acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative. It has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H and the structure H3C−CH=CH−CH=CH−C(=O)OH. It is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily. It was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.
Danjong of Joseon
Danjong (Korean: 단종; Hanja: 端宗; 18 August 1441 – 17 November 1457), personal name Yi Hong-wi (이홍위; 李弘暐), was the sixth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded his father King Munjong in 1452, but was forced to abdicate by his uncle, Grand Prince Suyang (future King Sejo) in 1455. Two years later, he was put to death after a period of exile to Yeongwol.

Munjong of Joseon
Munjong (Korean: 문종; Hanja: 文宗; 15 November 1414 – 10 June 1452), personal name Yi Hyang (이향; 李珦), was the fifth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. As the eldest son (and the sickly son) of Sejong the Great and Queen Soheon, he succeeded to the throne in 1450.
Jowler Creek
Jowler Creek is a stream in Platte County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Platte River and is 10.5 miles (16.9 km) long.

Jowler Creek most likely was named after a local citizen, although tradition states the name was selected on account of pork jowls being discharged into the creek as slaughter waste.

Platte River (Iowa and Missouri)
The Platte River is a tributary of the Missouri River and is 195.5 miles (314.6 km) long. It is located in southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri in the United States and is also known as  Little Platte River to distinguish it from the larger Platte River, also a tributary of the Missouri, in nearby Nebraska. The Platte River of Missouri itself has a tributary known as the Little Platte River.
Northern Illinois Conference (United Methodist)
The Northern Illinois Conference is an Annual Conference (regional episcopal area, similar to a diocese) of the United Methodist Church. This conference serves the northern portion of the state of Illinois, with its administrative offices at 303 E. Wacker Dr. in Chicago and the office of the bishop being in the Chicago Temple Building in Chicago, Illinois. It is part of the North Central Jurisdictional Conference. The current bishop is Dan Schwerin.

Annual conferences within Methodism
An annual conference is a regional decision-making body within various Methodist denominations. Conferences are a key characteristic of the connexional (connectional) system of government in Methodism. Annual conferences are composed primarily of the clergy members and a lay member or members from each charge (a charge is one or more churches served by a minister under appointment by the bishop). Each conference is a geographical division. In general, the smaller states in the United States hold one conference each, while larger states often include two or more conferences. Several annual conferences are held in other nations as well.
South Carolina Highway 157
South Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a 10.210-mile-long (16.431 km) state highway in the Sandhills region of the U.S. state of South Carolina. Though it physically travels west to east, it is signed as a north–south highway. Its southern terminus (eastern end) is at SC 346 about two miles (3.2 km) west of Catarrh. Its northern terminus (western end) is at SC 341 in Kershaw. This is also the southern terminus of SC 157 Truck and SC 341 Truck.

South Carolina Highway 341
South Carolina Highway 341 (SC 341) is a 93.870-mile (151.069 km) state highway that travels through the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels diagonally from the southeast to northwest (but signed as north–south) from SC 41 and SC 51 in Johnsonville to U.S. Route 521 Business (US 521 Bus.) and US 601 Bus. in Kershaw.
6th Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 6th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army.  It served in the Napoleonic Wars (notably at the Battle of Waterloo), in the First World War on the Western Front where it was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Division, and with the 1st Cavalry Division during the Second World War.

1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)
The 1st Cavalry Division was a regular Division of the British Army during the First World War where it fought on the Western Front. During the Second World War it was a first line formation, formed from Yeomanry Regiments. It fought in the Middle East before being converted to the 10th Armoured Division.
Ali Sher Khalji
ʿAlī Sher bin ʿIwaz Khaljī (Bengali: আলী শের খলজী, Persian: علی شیر بن عوض خلجی; fl. 1221) was a former governor of northwest Bengal (Birbhum) serving under his father, Sultan Iwaz Shah of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal. His name finds mention in the earliest known stone inscription mentioning a Muslim ruler of Bengal.

Iwaz Khalji
Ḥusām ud-Dīn ʿIwaz bin Ḥusayn Khaljī (Bengali: হুসামউদ্দীন ইওজ বিন হোসেন খলজী, Persian: حسام الدین عوض بن حسین خلجی), later known by his regnal title as Ghiyās ud-Dīn ʿIwaz Shāh (Bengali: গিয়াসউদ্দীন ইওজ শাহ, Persian: غیاث الدین عوض شاه), was a two-time governor of Bengal under the Delhi Sultanate and a member of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal. During his second term, lasting from 1212 to 1227, Khalji declared himself as an independent ruler of Bengal.

His regime has been described as "constructive" as Khalji made major developments to Bengal by innovating flood defence systems and interlinking major cities by means of constructing South Asia's earliest-recorded embankments and extending the Grand Trunk Road. Khalji was also responsible for establishing Bengal's first naval force, the complete fortification of Lakhnauti (Gaur), and the founding of the fort-town of Basankot.
Bertha, Duchess of Brittany
Bertha of Cornouaille (fl. 1125–56), also known as Bertha of Brittany (Breton: Berthe Breizh), was the Duchess of Brittany between 1148 until her death and Dowager Countess of Richmond. Bertha was the elder daughter of Conan III of Brittany by Maude, the illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England. She was the last member of the Breton house of Cornouaille to reign over Brittany.

Conan III, Duke of Brittany
Conan III, also known as Conan of Cornouaille and  Conan the Fat (Breton: Konan III a Vreizh, and Konan Kerne; c. 1093–1096 – 17 September 1148) was duke of Brittany, from 1112 to his death. He was the son of Alan IV, Duke of Brittany and Ermengarde of Anjou.

Conan III allied himself with Stephen of England in the Anarchy, Stephen's war against the dispossessed Empress Matilda.
The Patriotic Song (anthem)
"The Patriotic Song" was the national anthem of Russia from 1991 to 2000. It was also previously used as the regional anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1990 – replacing the State Anthem of the Soviet Union – until 1991, when it transformed into the Russian Federation after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Unlike most national anthems, it had no official lyrics. Although unofficial ones were written for it, they were never adopted.

State Anthem of the Soviet Union
The State Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was the national anthem of the Soviet Union and the regional anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale". Its original lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009) in collaboration with El-Registan (1899–1945), and its music was composed by Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (1883–1946), initially as the Hymn of the Bolshevik Party. For a two-decade interval following de-Stalinization, the anthem was performed without lyrics. The second set of lyrics, also written by Mikhalkov and in which Joseph Stalin's name was omitted, was adopted in 1977.

A decade after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the same melody was used for its successor state, as the State Anthem of the Russian Federation.
Jelsa (municipality)
Jelsa is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 130-square-kilometre (50 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until 1965. It encompassed an area that surrounds the Sandsfjorden in the present-day municipalities of Suldal, Hjelmeland, and Stavanger. The administrative centre was the village of Jelsa, where Jelsa Church is located.

Suldal
Suldal is a municipality in the northeast corner of Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Ryfylke. Since 1965, the administrative centre of Suldal is the village of Sand i Ryfylke (prior to that it was the village of Suldalsosen). Other villages in Suldal include Erfjord, Jelsa, Marvik, Nesflaten, Vanvik, and Suldalsosen.

The 1,737-square-kilometre (671 sq mi) municipality is the 46th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Suldal is the 210th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,815. The municipality's population density is 2.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.2/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Transfund New Zealand
Transfund New Zealand, often simply referred to as Transfund, was a Crown entity from 1996 to 2004 responsible for transport funding allocation. The organisation was headed by a chief executive who reported to a board, and the board was answerable to the Minister of Transport. Transfund existed for 101 months, was set up under the Fourth National Government of New Zealand, had two ministers under National and then three ministers under Labour, and was disestablished under the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand. There were three chairpersons of the board, and two permanent plus one acting chief executive. Transfund was merged with the Land Transport Safety Authority and succeeded by Land Transport New Zealand. The outgoing board chair and chief executive were both given the respective position at Land Transport New Zealand.

Land Transport New Zealand
Land Transport New Zealand was a Crown entity in New Zealand, tasked with promoting safe and functional transport by land, and includes responsibilities such as driver and vehicle licensing. It was created on 1 December 2004 by the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2004, was the successor entity to the disestablished Land Transport Safety Authority and Transfund New Zealand, and was disestablished from 31 July 2008, merging with Transit New Zealand to become the NZ Transport Agency.
Victor/Victoria
Victor/Victoria is a 1982 musical comedy film written and directed by Blake Edwards and starring Julie Andrews, James Garner, Robert Preston, Lesley Ann Warren, Alex Karras, and John Rhys-Davies. The film was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, produced by Tony Adams and scored by Henry Mancini, with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards, winning for Best Original Score.

It was a remake of the German film comedy Viktor und Viktoria shot by Reinhold Schünzel in 1933 from his own script. Victor/Victoria was adapted as a Broadway musical in 1995.

Victor and Victoria
Victor and Victoria (German: Viktor und Viktoria) is a 1933 German musical comedy film written and directed by Reinhold Schünzel, starring Renate Müller as a woman pretending to be a female impersonator. The following year, Schünzel directed a French-language version of the film titled George and Georgette, starring Meg Lemonnier and a French cast.

In 1935, Michael Balcon produced an English version titled First a Girl, directed by Victor Saville and starring Jessie Matthews and Sonnie Hale.

A West German remake by Karl Anton was released in 1957.

In 1982, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released Victor/Victoria, an English-language remake by Blake Edwards. Edwards later based a successful stage musical on the film. Both the film and the musical starred Julie Andrews.
Harrison Stickle
Harrison Stickle is a fell in the central part of the English Lake District, situated above Great Langdale. The fell is one of the three (although the number is debated) fells which make up the picturesque Langdale Pikes, the others being Pike of Stickle and Loft Crag. Together they make up one of the most picturesque, and probably the best-known, mountain groups in the District. A "stickle" is a hill with a prominent rocky top.

Pike of Stickle
Pike of Stickle, also known as Pike o’ Stickle, is a fell in the English Lake District. It reaches a height of 709 metres (2,326 ft) and is situated in the central part of the national park in the valley of Great Langdale. The fell is one of three fells which make up the picturesque Langdale Pikes (the others being Harrison Stickle and Loft Crag), one of the best-known areas in Lakeland. A "stickle" is a hill with a steep prominent rocky top, while a "pike" is a hill with a peaked summit, the name being therefore partly tautological.
DOB-5-hemiFLY
DOB-5-hemiFLY, also known as bromo-semi-fly (B-SF) or as 5-MeO-7-Br-4-APDB, is a putative serotonergic psychedelic of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, DOx, and benzofuran families related to DOB and DOB-FLY. It is the derivative of DOB in which the methoxy group at the 5 position has been cyclized with the benzene ring to form a dihydrofuran group or benzodihydrofuran ring system. The drug differs from the FLY psychedelics DOB-FLY and Bromo-DragonFLY (DOB-DFLY) in that only one of the methoxy groups has been cyclized rather than both.

FLY (psychedelics)
FLY is a family of phenethylamine and benzofuran psychedelics possessing a benzodifuran or similar ring system. The FLY drugs were so-named because of the resemblance of their chemical structures to flying insects like dragonflies and butterflies. They are analogues of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines in which the 2- and 5-position methoxy groups have been cyclized into furan and/or tetrahydrofuran rings. They may be 2C, DOx, 25-NB, or other FLY versions of psychedelic phenethylamines.

Examples of different types of FLY drugs, in the case of the base psychedelic 2C-B, include 2C-B-FLY, 2C-B-DRAGONFLY, and 2C-B-BUTTERFLY, among others. BromoDragonFLY (DOB-DragonFLY) is known for its very high potency and its toxicity in overdose. 2C-B-FLY was Ann Shulgin's favorite psychedelic.

Several of the FLY drugs have been shown to act as potent serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists.
Quarterland
A Quarterland or Ceathramh (Scottish Gaelic) was a Scottish land measurement. It was used mainly in the west and north.

It was supposed to be equivalent to eight fourpennylands, roughly equivalent to a quarter of a markland. However, in Islay, a quarterland was equivalent to a quarter of an ounceland. Half of a quarterland would be an ochdamh(ie.one-eighth), and in Islay a quarter of a quarterland a leothras(ie.one-sixteenth).

The name appears in many Scottish placenames, notably Kirriemuir.

Kerrowaird – Ceathramh àrd (High Quarterland)

Kerrowgair – Ceathramh geàrr (Rough Quarterland)

Kerry (Cowal) - An Ceathramh Còmh’lach (The Cowal Quarterland)

Kerrycroy - An Ceathramh cruaidh (The Hard Quarterland)

Kirriemuir – An Ceathramh Mòr/Ceathramh Mhoire (either "The Big Quarterland" or "Mary's Quarterland")

Ceathramh was also used in Gàidhlig for a bushel and a firlot (or four pecks), as was Feòirling, the term used for a farthlingland.

Groatland
A groatland, also known as a fourpenceland, fourpennyland or “Còta bàn” (meaning "white coat") was a Scottish land measurement. It was so called, because the annual rent paid on it was a Scottish “groat” (coin).
Pennsylvania Democratic Party
The Pennsylvania Democratic Party (PADems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is headquartered in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and is the largest political party in the state. Its chair is Eugene DePasquale.

As of 2025, it controls two out of five statewide offices including the governorship, one U.S. Senate seat, 7 out of 17 U.S. House seats, and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Along with the Pennsylvania Republican Party, it is one of the two major parties in the state.

Pennsylvania Republican Party
The Pennsylvania Republican Party (PAGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in the state of Pennsylvania, headquartered in Harrisburg. Its chairman is state senator Greg Rothman.

Along with the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, it is one of the two major political parties in the state. It currently controls one of Pennsylvania's U.S. Senate seats, 10 of the state's 17 U.S. House seats, three of the five statewide offices, and holds a majority in the State Senate.
BMW S65
The BMW S65 is a naturally aspirated V8 petrol engine which was produced from 2007 to 2013. Its main use was in the BMW M3 (where it replaced the BMW S54 straight-six engine). There is no direct replacement for the S65, since the following generation of M3 switched to a turbocharged straight-six engine (the BMW S55).

Derived from the BMW S85 V10 engine (as used in the E60 M5), the S65 shares the same basic architecture and aluminium construction. Unlike most other BMW M engines, the S65 and S85 are not related to a regular production BMW engine.

The S65 won the International Engine of the Year award for the 3.0 to 4.0 L category in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012.

BMW M54
The BMW M54 is a naturally aspirated straight-6 DOHC petrol engine produced from 2000 to 2006. It was released in the E53 X5 and is the replacement for the M52 engine. The S54 is the equivalent high-performance engine, used in the E46 M3, the Z3 M Coupé/Roadster and the E85/E86 Z4 M. The BMW M56 SULEV engine (sold in several states of the United States) is based on the M54.

The M54 was phased out following the introduction of the BMW N52 engine in 2004. From 2001 to 2003, the M54 was included on the Ward's 10 Best Engines.
Maurice White
Maurice White (December 19, 1941 – February 4, 2016) was an American musician, best known as the founder, leader, main songwriter and chief producer of the band Earth, Wind & Fire, also serving as the band's co-lead singer with Philip Bailey.

Described as a "visionary" by Vibe and a "mastermind" by Variety, White was nominated for a total of 22 Grammys, of which he won seven. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as a member of Earth, Wind & Fire, and was also inducted individually into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. White also worked with musical acts such as Deniece Williams, Cher, The Emotions, Barbra Streisand, Ramsey Lewis, and Neil Diamond.

Ramsey Lewis
Ramsey Emmanuel Lewis Jr. (May 27, 1935 – September 12, 2022) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and radio personality. Lewis recorded over 80 albums and received five gold records and three Grammy Awards in his career. His album The In Crowd earned Lewis critical praise and the 1965 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance. His best known singles include "The 'In' Crowd", "Wade in the Water", and "Sun Goddess". Until 2009, he was the host of the Ramsey Lewis Morning Show on the Chicago radio station WNUA.

Lewis was also active in musical education in Chicago. He founded the Ramsey Lewis Foundation, established Ravinia's Jazz Mentor Program, and served on the board of trustees for the Merit School of Music and The Chicago High School for the Arts.
Jacopo Dondi dall'Orologio
Jacopo Dondi dall'Orologio (1290–1359), also known as Jacopo de' Dondi, was a doctor, astronomer and clock-maker active in Padua, now in the Veneto region of Italy. He is remembered as a pioneer in the art of clock design and construction. He was the father of Giovanni Dondi dall'Orologio. Jacopo Dondi wrote on a number of subjects, including surgery, pharmacology, astrology and natural science.

Giovanni Dondi dall'Orologio
Giovanni Dondi dall'Orologio (about 1330 – 19 October 1388), also known as Giovanni de' Dondi, was a Venetian physician, astronomer and mechanical engineer in Padua, now in Italy.

He was a pioneer in the art of clock design and construction. The Astrarium, which he designed and built over a period of sixteen years, was a highly complex astronomical clock and planetarium, constructed some sixty years after the first all-mechanical clocks had been built in Europe, and demonstrated an ambitious attempt to describe and model the planetary system with mathematical precision and technological sophistication.
Seoraksan
Seoraksan (Korean: 설악산), or Mount Sorak, is the highest mountain in the Taebaek mountain range in the Gangwon Province  in eastern South Korea. It is located in the Seoraksan National Park, near Sokcho. After the Hallasan volcano on Jeju Island and Jirisan in the south, Seoraksan is the third highest mountain in South Korea. The peak Daechongbong (대청봉) of Seoraksan reaches 1,708 meters (5,603 feet). The mountain is sometimes considered the backbone of South Korea.

The mountain is also part of a biosphere reserve: Mount Sorak Biosphere Reserve.

Seoraksan National Park
Seoraksan National Park (Korean: 설악산국립공원) is a national park in South Korea. It is listed by the South Korean government with UNESCO as a tentative World Heritage Site. Located on the east-central Korean peninsula, the park includes the Dinosaur Ridge, Injegun, Yanyanggun, and Sokchosi. It is popular with tourists and nature enthusiasts. It is home to many rare taxa of flora and fauna.