hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shift space
In symbolic dynamics and related branches of mathematics, a shift space or subshift is a set of infinite words that represent the evolution of a discrete system. In fact, shift spaces and symbolic dynamical systems are often considered synonyms. The most widely studied shift spaces are the subshifts of finite type and the sofic shifts.

In the classical framework a shift space is any subset  of , where  is a finite set, which is closed for the Tychonov topology and invariant by translations. More generally one can define a shift space as the closed and translation-invariant subsets of , where  is any non-empty set and  is any monoid.

Symbolic dynamics
In mathematics, symbolic dynamics is the study of dynamical systems defined on a discrete space consisting of infinite sequences of abstract symbols. The evolution of the dynamical system is defined as a simple shift of the sequence.

Because of their explicit, discrete nature, such systems are often relatively easy to characterize and understand. They form a key tool for studying topological or smooth dynamical systems, because in many important cases it is possible to reduce the dynamics of a more general dynamical system to a symbolic system. To do so, a Markov partition is used to provide a finite cover for the smooth system; each set of the cover is associated with a single symbol, and the sequences of symbols result as a trajectory of the system moves from one covering set to another.
Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac
The Diocese of Fond du Lac was a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contained about 3,800 baptized members worshiping in 33 locations. It was part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices were in Appleton, Wisconsin as were the diocesan Archives. Matthew Gunter was its final bishop. On May 4, 2024, the diocese voted to be disestablish itself and reintegrate into the Diocese of Wisconsin.

Episcopal Diocese of Wisconsin
The Episcopal Diocese of Wisconsin, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin and later the Diocese of Milwaukee, is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the state of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The diocese was originally formed in 1847, but was re-established in 2024 by the merger of the Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire and the Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac into the Diocese of Milwaukee.
Salix taxifolia
Salix taxifolia, the yewleaf or yew-leaf willow, is a species of willow native to all of southern Mexico, also Pacific Coast regions, north to Sinaloa, and in the south Pacific Coast of Mexico into central Guatemala. Scattered populations are also reported from northern Mexico and from the US states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

It is a large shrub or tree with narrow linear leaves similar to those of a yew. Its range is similar to that of the Bonpland willow, S. bonplandiana.

Salix bonplandiana
Salix bonplandiana (Bonpland willow), (Spanish: ahuejote, sauce,  ahujote, and huejote), is a perennial species of willow tree native to southern and southwest Mexico and extending into central Guatemala. In western Mexico it is a tree of the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera, but also occurring in other small locales, for example Baja California Sur, northern Sonora, San Luis Potosi, etc. A core disjunct area occurs in central and southeast Arizona, in advantageous locales, especially associated with higher elevations and water.
Congregation Montefiore Synagogue
The Congregation Montefiore Synagogue is an historic former synagogue, now church, located at 355 South 300 East, in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States.

The synagogue was built in 1903 for the local congregation of Jews who followed Conservative Judaism. In the 1970s, the congregation merged with Congregation B'nai Israel to form Congregation Kol Ami and the building was sold. Initially used as a church by the Assemblies of God, currently the former synagogue houses the Saints Peter and Paul Orthodox Christian Church.

B'nai Israel Temple (Salt Lake City)
B'nai Israel Temple is a historic former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 249 South 400 East in Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States. The congregation was established in 1873, and the synagogue was built in 1890.
Inferior oblique muscle
The inferior oblique muscle or obliquus oculi inferior is a thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit. The inferior oblique is one of the extraocular muscles, and is attached to the maxillary bone (origin) and the posterior, inferior, lateral surface of the eye (insertion).  The inferior oblique is innervated by the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve.

Extraocular muscles
The extraocular muscles, or extrinsic ocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the eye in humans and other animals. Six of the extraocular muscles, the four recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles, control movement of the eye. The other muscle, the levator palpebrae superioris, controls eyelid elevation. The actions of the six muscles responsible for eye movement depend on the position of the eye at the time of muscle contraction.

The ciliary muscle, pupillary sphincter muscle and pupillary dilator muscle sometimes are called intrinsic ocular muscles or intraocular muscles.
Apport (paranormal)
In parapsychology and Spiritualism, an apport is the alleged paranormal transference of an article from one place to another, or an appearance of an article from an unknown source that is often associated with poltergeist activity or séances. Apports reported during séances have been found to be the result of deliberate fraud. No medium or psychic has demonstrated the manifestation of an apport under scientifically controlled conditions.

Materialization (paranormal)
In Spiritualism, paranormal literature and some religions, materialization (or manifestation) is the creation or appearance of matter from unknown sources. The existence of materialization has not been confirmed by laboratory experiments. Numerous cases of fraudulent materialization demonstrations by mediums have been exposed.
Golspie Sutherland F.C.
Golspie Sutherland Football Club are a senior association football club from Golspie, Sutherland in the Scottish Highlands. They compete in the North Caledonian Football League and are licensed members of the Scottish Football Association, playing in the Scottish Cup each season.

The team play their home matches at King George V Park.

With ten championship wins to their credit, Golspie are the most successful club currently competing in the North Caledonian League.

North Caledonian Football Association
The North Caledonian Football Association is a senior football association operating throughout the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and is a recognised body of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) and as such has its senior football competitions officially registered with the SFA.
Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".

The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party.

It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pioneers, and at nine from the Little Octobrists.

Young Pioneers (Soviet Union)
The Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization, shortened to the Young Pioneers, was a youth organization of the Soviet Union for children and adolescents ages 9–14 that existed between 1922 and 1991.
Yakalo
The yakalo is a cross of the yak (Bos grunniens) and the American bison (Bison bison, known as a buffalo in North America).  It was produced by hybridisation experiments in the 1920s, when crosses were made between yak bulls and both pure bison cows and bison–cattle hybrid cows.  As with many other inter-specific crosses, only female hybrids were found to be fertile (Haldane's rule).  Few of the hybrids survived, and the experiments were discontinued in 1928.

Beefalo
Beefalo constitutes a hybrid offspring of domestic cattle (Bos taurus), usually a male, and the American bison (Bison bison), usually a female, in managed breeding programs. The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals for beef production.

Beefalo are primarily cattle in genetics and appearance, with the breed association defining a full Beefalo as one with three-eighths (37.5%) bison genetics, while animals with higher percentages of bison genetics are called bison hybrids. However, genomic analysis has found that the vast majority of Beefalo, even those considered pedigree by the breed association, have no detectable bison ancestry, with no sampled Beefalo having higher than 18% bison ancestry, with most Beefalo consisting of a mixture of taurine cattle and zebu cattle ancestry.
Kennedy Interchange
The Kennedy Interchange, unofficially, though universally, referred to as Spaghetti Junction, is the intersection of Interstate 64 (I-64), I-65 and I-71 at the northeastern edge of downtown Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is named for the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge, which carries I-65, located immediately to the north of the interchange.

Interstate 64 in Kentucky
Interstate 64 (I-64) in the US state of Kentucky travels for 191 miles (307 km), passing by the major towns and cities of Louisville, Frankfort, Lexington, and Ashland. It has several major junctions with other Interstates, including I-65, I-71, I-264, and I-265 in Louisville and I-75 in Lexington.

The portion of I-64 in Kentucky is host to two "exceptionally significant" structures indicated by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). One is the Cochran Hill Tunnel, a twin tube at Cherokee Park in Louisville built in 1974, and the other is a 1960s-era modern-styled rest area near Winchester.

In Downtown Louisville, I-64 passes under a public plaza called the Riverfront Plaza/Belvedere, one of the only structures in the state built on top of an Interstate.

Between the Indiana state line and Lexington, I-64 is named the Daniel Boone Expressway.

The entire length of I-64 in Kentucky has been designated as a portion of the Purple Heart Trail.
New Hampshire Route 114
New Hampshire Route 114 (abbreviated NH 114) is a 60.433-mile-long (97.257 km) secondary north–south highway in central New Hampshire. The highway runs between Bedford in Hillsborough County and Grantham in Sullivan County.

The southern terminus of NH 114 is at New Hampshire Route 101 in Bedford. The northern terminus is at New Hampshire Route 10 in Grantham. The highway maintains a northwest-southeast alignment from Bedford northward.

New Hampshire Route 101
New Hampshire Route 101 (NH 101) is a state-maintained highway in southern New Hampshire extending from Keene to Hampton Beach. It is the major east–west highway in the southern portion of the state. Most of its eastern portion is a major freeway linking the greater Manchester area to the Seacoast Region. At 95.189 miles (153.192 km) in length, NH 101 nearly spans the entire width of southern New Hampshire.

The western terminus of NH 101 is in Keene at the junction of NH 9, NH 10, and NH 12. The eastern terminus is in Hampton Beach at the junction with Ocean Boulevard (NH 1A).

Between Exeter and Hampton, NH 101 is known as the Exeter–Hampton Expressway.

There are two current and three former auxiliary routes for NH 101. The current routes are NH 101A, which connects Milford and Nashua, and NH 101E, which parallels the main route in Hampton.
German submarine U-38 (1938)
German submarine U-38 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II.

Her keel was laid down on 15 April 1937, by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen as yard number 943. She was launched on 9 August 1938 and commissioned on 24 October with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Liebe in command.

U-38 conducted eleven patrols, as part of several flotillas. During her career, she sank more than 30 enemy vessels and damaged a further one. U-38 ranks as one of the most successful U-boats in World War II. She was scuttled west of Wesermünde (Modern Bremerhaven) on 5 May 1945. Throughout the war, the U-Boat suffered no losses among her crew.

Type IXA submarine
The Type IXA submarine was a sub-class of the Type IX submarine built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine between 1937 and 1938. These U-boats were designed between 1935 and 1936 and were intended to be fairly large ocean-going submarines. The inspiration for the Type IXA came from the Type I submarine, which had a similar diving depth and identical submerged horsepower.

Two of the eight Type IXA submarines built (U-37 and U-38) would become the sixth and tenth most successful U-boats that saw service in World War II, sinking 53 and 35 ships respectively. All of the Type IXA submarines were sunk fairly early in the war except for U-37 and U-38, which were scuttled in May 1945 to prevent them from falling into the hands of the Allies.
Out of the Silent Planet
Out of the Silent Planet is a science fiction novel by the British author C. S. Lewis, first published in 1938 by John Lane, The Bodley Head. Two sequels were published in 1943 and 1945, completing the Space Trilogy.

The Space Trilogy
The Space Trilogy (also known as The Cosmic Trilogy or The Ransom Trilogy) is a series of science fiction novels by British writer C. S. Lewis. The trilogy consists of Out of the Silent Planet (1938), Perelandra (1943), and That Hideous Strength (1945). A philologist named Elwin Ransom is the protagonist of the first two novels and an important character in the third.
Diospyros blancoi
Diospyros blancoi, (synonym Diospyros discolor), commonly known as velvet apple, velvet persimmon, kamagong, or mabolo tree, is a tree of the genus Diospyros of ebony trees and persimmons. It produces edible fruit with a fine, velvety, reddish-brown fur-like covering. The fruit has a soft, creamy, pink flesh, with a taste and aroma comparable to peaches.

It is widely distributed and native to the Philippines, but it is also native to eastern and southern Taiwan. It has also been introduced to other parts of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, South Asia, the Caribbean, Florida, and other tropical regions.

Persimmon
The persimmon (/pərˈsɪmən/) is the edible fruit of a number of species of trees in the genus Diospyros. The most widely cultivated of these is the Chinese and Japanese kaki persimmon, Diospyros kaki. In 2022, China produced 77% of the world's persimmons.
Shakey's Super League
The Shakey's Super League (SSL) is a women's volleyball league in the Philippines contested within the collegiate and high school levels. The league is organized by Shakey's Pizza Asia Ventures Inc. (SPAVI), title sponsors of the original V-League, and Athletic Events and Sports Management Group Inc. (ACES), organizers of the now-defunct Philippine Super Liga.

Shakey's V-League
The Shakey's V-League was a non-professional volleyball league in the Philippines established in 2004. It began as a women's collegiate league with teams coming from the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation (CESAFI), among others. Corporate clubs and other non-collegiate teams began participation in 2011.

A men's division was included in its 21st conference (2014). It served as the precursor of the Spikers' Turf, the following year.

In December 2016, the league renamed itself and transitioned into the current professional entity — Premier Volleyball League, parting ways with its prime sponsor, Shakey's Pizza.
New Zealand Parliamentary Library
The New Zealand Parliamentary Library (Māori: Te Whare Pukapuka o te Paremata), known until 1985 as the General Assembly Library, is the library and information resource of the New Zealand Parliament. The present building that houses the library was completed in 1899; it survived a fire that destroyed the rest of the General Assembly building in 1907.

New Zealand Parliament Buildings
The New Zealand Parliament Buildings house the New Zealand Parliament and are on a 45,000 square metre site at the northern end of Lambton Quay, Wellington. From north to south, they are the Parliamentary Library building (1899); the Edwardian neoclassical-style Parliament House (1922); the executive wing, called "The Beehive" (1977); and Bowen House (in use since 1991). Currently, an additional building for housing Members of Parliament is under construction, which is expected to be completed in 2027. Whilst most of the individual buildings are outstanding for different reasons, the overall setting that has been achieved "has little aesthetic or architectural coherence".
Pura Mangkunegaran
The Pura Mangkunegaran (Indonesian: Pura Mangkunegaran, Javanese: ꦥꦸꦫ​ꦩꦁ​ꦏꦸꦤꦒꦫꦤ꧀, romanized: Purå Mangkunagaran) is a palace complex in the city of Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. It is the official palace and residence of the Duke of Mangkunegara and his family. The palace complex is one of the centers of Javanese culture and contains a museum exhibiting royal artifacts of Mangkunegaran.

Mangkunegaran
The Principality of Mangkunegaran (Indonesian: Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) was a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia.
It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in February, and swore allegiance to the rulers of Surakarta, Yogyakarta, and the Dutch East Indies Company, and was given an appanage of 4000 households.

The Palace of the rulers of Mangkunegaran was established by Raden Mas Said who signed a treaty with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1757. By the treaty, he became the ruler of a part of Eastern Mataram and was henceforth known as Mangkunegara I. Known as Pura Mangkunegaran, the palace is located in the center of the city of Solo.
Pedigree Petfoods
Pedigree Petfoods is a British company specializing in pet food. It is a subsidiary of Mars Petcare, a division of the American group Mars, Inc.. The company has factories in England at Melton Mowbray and Birstall, Leeds; and offices at McLean, Virginia.

Mars Inc.
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services founded on June 23, 1911. Mars is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area, and is entirely owned by the Mars family. The company had US$45 billion in annual sales in 2022; that year Forbes ranked the company as the fourth-largest privately held company in the United States.

Mars operates in four subsidiaries around the world: Snacking (headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with U.S. headquarters in Hackettstown and Newark, New Jersey), Petcare (Zaventem, Belgium; Poncitlán, Jalisco, Mexico; Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California) and Mars Edge (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.
T-Kernel
T-Kernel is an open source real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for 32-bit microcontrollers. It is standardized by T-Engine Forum, which distributed it under  T-License agreement. There is also a corresponding Micro T-Kernel (μT-Kernel) implementation designed for embedded systems with 16-bit or 8-bit microcontrollers.

Today, it is distributed by TRON Forum, a successor of T-Engine Forum under T-License 2.2.

Micro T-Kernel
μT-Kernel is an open source real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for 16- and 8-bit microcontrollers. "μ” in the name stands for "micro" and pronounced as such. It is not pronounced as "mu".  It is freely available under T-License.

Supported CPU list is available.

The latest version, μT-Kernel 3.0, is available from GitHub.

μT-Kernel was standardized by T-Engine Forum (now merged into TRON Forum) and later it became the basis of IEEE Standard 2050-2018, "IEEE Standard for a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) for Small-Scale Embedded Systems"  published  by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Association (IEEE SA).

Its specification is available both in English and Japanese.  The source code is available from the TRON Forum website and GitHub.

An article comparing nine RTOSs in which μT-Kernel was evaluated and given favorable remarks appeared in IEEE publication.
Margaret of York
Margaret of York (3 May 1446 – 23 November 1503), also known as Margaret of Burgundy, was Duchess of Burgundy from 1468 to 1477 as the third wife of Charles the Bold, and after his death (1477) acted as a protector of the Burgundian State. She was a daughter of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, and of Cecily Neville, and the sister of two kings of England, Edward IV and Richard III. Born at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, in the Kingdom of England, she died at Mechelen in the Low Countries.

Cecily Neville, Duchess of York
Cecily Neville (3 May 1415 – 31 May 1495) was an English noblewoman, the wife of Richard, Duke of York (1411–1460), and the mother of two Kings of England—Edward IV and Richard III. She was born at Raby Castle in Durham, and was known for her piety. Although she has been long known as "The Rose of Raby", this sobriquet has no historical basis, since its first mention is found in a late 18th century novel by Agnes Musgrave. She herself signed her name "Cecylle".

Cecily's husband, the Duke of York, was the leading contender for the throne of England from the House of York during the period of the Wars of the Roses until his death in 1460. Their son Edward actually assumed the throne as Edward IV in 1461, after the deposition of King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster. The Duchess of York thus narrowly missed becoming queen consort of England.
Ford Ranchero
The Ford Ranchero is a coupe utility that was produced by Ford between 1957 and 1979. Unlike a standard pickup truck, the Ranchero was adapted from a two-door station wagon platform that integrated the cab and cargo bed into the body. A total of 508,355 units were produced during the model's production run. Over its lifespan it was variously derived from full-sized, compact, and intermediate automobiles sold by Ford for the North American market.

During the 1970s, the Ranchero name was used in the South African market for a rebadged Australian Ford Falcon utility. Shipped from Australia in complete knock down (CKD) form, these vehicles were assembled in South Africa at Ford's plant in Port Elizabeth. In Argentina, a utility version of the locally produced Ford Falcon was also called Ranchero.

The original Ranchero sold well enough to spawn a competitor from General Motors in 1959, the Chevrolet El Camino.

Chevrolet El Camino
The Chevrolet El Camino is a coupé utility vehicle that was produced by Chevrolet between 1959 and 1960, and 1964 and 1987. Unlike a standard pickup truck, the El Camino was adapted from the standard two-door Chevrolet station wagon platform and integrated the cab and cargo bed into the body.

Introduced in the 1959 model year in response to the success of the Ford Ranchero coupé utility, its first run, based on the Biscayne's B-body, lasted only two years. Production resumed for the 1964–1977 model years based on the Chevelle platform, and continued for the 1978–1987 model years based on the GM G-body platform.

Although based on corresponding General Motors car lines, the vehicle is classified in the United States as a pickup. GMC's badge engineered El Camino variant, the Sprint, was introduced for the 1971 model year. Renamed Caballero in 1978, it was also produced through the 1987 model year.