hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concept album
A concept album is a musical album whose tracks hold a larger purpose or meaning collectively than they do individually. This is typically achieved through a single central narrative or theme, which can be instrumental, compositional, or lyrical. Alternatively, the term may signify an album that lacks any explicit musical or lyrical motif, but is considered to be of "uniform excellence". Music critics remain divided on the precise definition of a concept album.

The format originates with folk singer Woody Guthrie's Dust Bowl Ballads (1940) and was subsequently popularized by traditional pop singer Frank Sinatra's 1940s–50s string of albums, though the term is most closely associated with rock music. In the 1960s, various rock bands released several well-regarded concept albums, eventually leading to the birth of the rock opera.

Rock opera
A rock opera is a collection of rock music songs, especially a concept album, with lyrics that relate to a common story. The use of various character roles within the song lyrics is a common storytelling device. The success of rock opera has inspired similar works in other musical styles, such as rap opera.

Unlike classical opera, rock operas are typically not scripted for theatrical production, like a classical oratorio, though some have been adapted as rock musicals.
Arabsat-6A
Arabsat-6A is a geostationary communications satellite operated by Arabsat. The satellite was built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems on a modernized A2100 bus. The satellite was successfully launched from Kennedy Space Center LC-39A aboard Falcon Heavy on April 11, 2019.

Arab Satellite Communications Organization
The Arab Satellite Communications Organization (often abbreviated as Arabsat) is a communications satellite operator in the Arab World, headquartered in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Arabsat was created to deliver satellite-based, public and private telecommunications services to the Arab States, in accordance with International Standards. With 21 member countries, the organization plays a vital role of enhancing communications in the Arab World.

The Arabsat satellites are a series of geostationary communications satellites launched from 1985 through 2019. Some of the later satellites in the series remain operational in orbit, while others have been retired and are derelict.
Percy Phillips (rugby union)
Henry Percy Phillips OBE (1869 – 26 February 1947) was a Welsh rugby union international fly-half who played club rugby for Newport. He won six caps for Wales and played in all three games of the 1893 Home Nations Championship which saw Wales lift the Triple Crown for the first time in the country's history.

Outside rugby, Phillips was a Vice Consul to Belgium, and one season he managed 26 appearances for Newport despite working much of that time in Switzerland.

1893 Home Nations Championship
The 1893 Home Nations Championship was the eleventh series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 17 January and 11 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In winning all three matches, Wales won the Championship for the first time and also took the Triple Crown.
West Lancashire (UK Parliament constituency)
West Lancashire is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Following the resignation of Labour MP Rosie Cooper on 30 November 2022, the seat was won by the party's candidate Ashley Dalton in the by-election held on 9 February 2023. She retained the seat at the July 2024 general election.

Ormskirk (UK Parliament constituency)
Ormskirk was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 as a division of the parliamentary county of Lancashire. The constituency boundaries were changed in 1918, 1950, 1955 and 1974.
Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann
Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann (25 March 1870 – 19 January 1964) was a German astronomer and a discoverer of 22 minor planets and 4 comets, who worked at AOP in Potsdam and at Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg.

He was co-discoverer with Arno Arthur Wachmann of the periodic comets 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, 31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann and 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, and with Arno Arthur Wachmann and Leslie Peltier of the non-periodic comet C/1930 D1 (Peltier–Schwassmann–Wachmann). The main-belt asteroid 989 Schwassmannia, discovered by himself in 1922, was later named in his honor (H 94).

Arno Arthur Wachmann
Arno Arthur Wachmann (8 March 1902 – 24 July 1990) was a German astronomer and discoverer of comets and minor planets, who worked for many years at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg.

With Arnold Schwassmann he co-discovered the periodic comets 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, 31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann and 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann. The Minor Planet Center credits him with the discovery of 3 asteroids during 1938–1939. He also discovered supernova SN 1938B.

The inner main-belt asteroid 1704 Wachmann was named in his honor (M.P.C. 3933).
Shivamogga Airport
Shivamogga Airport, officially renamed as Rashtrakavi Kuvempu Airport (IATA: RQY, ICAO: VOSH), is a domestic airport serving the city of Shimoga, Karnataka, India. It is located at Sogane, 8.8 km (5.5 mi) from Shimoga and 8.2 km (5.1 mi) from Bhadravathi. The airport was to be built under Public–Private Partnership (PPP) with the Government of Karnataka. However, due to delays in project execution, the contract was terminated in January 2015. On 15 June 2020, the Chief Minister of Karnataka, B. S. Yediyurappa, laid the foundation stone to start the construction of the airport at a cost of ₹ 4.5 billion. The airport is to be constructed in two phases, out of which the first phase was inaugurated on 27 February 2023 by Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It is named after Kuvempu, who is regarded as the greatest Kannada poet of the 20th century.

Shimoga
Shimoga, officially Shivamogga (Kannada: [ʃiʋɐmoɡːɐ]), is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga district in the Karnataka state of India. The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the Western Ghats, the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway of Malnad". The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census. The city has been selected for the Smart Cities Mission standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.

The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital Bangalore and 195 km from the port city Mangalore.
Lynn Bechler
C. Lynn Bechler is a U.S. politician and a Republican who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 2013 to 2023, representing district 4. Bechler was first elected in 2012 following the retirement of incumbent representative Mike Cherry. In 2022 he was redistricted into the 12th district and lost renomination to fellow representative Jim Gooch. In 2024, Bechler unsuccessfully ran for the 1st district in the Kentucky Senate.

Mike Cherry (Kentucky politician)
Mike Cherry (February 6, 1943 – February 21, 2024) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1999 to 2013. Cherry was first elected in 1998 after Republican incumbent Kathy Hogancamp retired to unsuccessfully run for the Kentucky Senate. He did not seek reelection in 2012 and was succeeded by Republican Lynn Bechler. Cherry died in Dawson Springs, Kentucky, on February 21, 2024, at the age of 81.
Siloam Springs, Arkansas
Siloam Springs is a city in Benton County, Arkansas, United States, and located on the western edge of the Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 17,287. The community was founded in 1882 and was characterized by the purported healing powers of the spring water feeding Sager Creek and trading with nearby Native American tribes. The city shares a border on the Arkansas–Oklahoma state line with the city of West Siloam Springs, Oklahoma, which is within the Cherokee Nation territory. It is home of John Brown University.

Sager Creek
Sager Creek is a 13.4-mile-long (21.6 km) creek that runs through downtown Siloam Springs, Arkansas, in the United States. It is a tributary of Flint Creek that flows to the Illinois River, which in turn flows to the Arkansas River and thus is part of the Mississippi River watershed. Sager Creek is named after Simon Sager, who is largely thought to be the founder of Siloam Springs.
Ford Falcon (XD)
The Ford Falcon (XD) is a full-size car that was produced by Ford Australia from 1979 to 1982. It was the first iteration of the fourth generation of the Falcon and also included the Ford Fairmont (XD)—the luxury-oriented version.

Ford Falcon (XC)
The Ford Falcon (XC) is a full-size car that was produced by Ford Australia from 1976 to 1979. It was the third and last iteration of the third generation of the Falcon and also included the Ford Fairmont (XC)—the luxury-oriented version of the Falcon.
David Burliuk
David Davidovich Burliuk (Russian: Дави́д Дави́дович Бурлю́к; 21 July 1882 – 15 January 1967) was a Russian poet, artist and publicist of Ukrainian origin associated with the Futurist and Neo-Primitivist movements. Burliuk has been described as "the father of Russian Futurism."

Vladimir Burliuk
Vladimir Davydovych Burliuk (Russian: Влади́мир Дави́дович Бурлю́к; Ukrainian: Володи́мир Дави́дович Бурлю́к, romanized: Volodymyr Davydovych Burliuk; 27 March [O.S. 15 March] 1886 – 1917) was a Ukrainian avant-garde artist (Neo-Primitivist and Cubo-Futurist) and book illustrator from the Russian empire. He died at the age of 32 in 1917 in World War I.
Daniel O'Brien, 1st Viscount Clare
Sir Daniel O'Brien, 1st Viscount Clare also called Donal (c. 1577 – 1666) was an Irish politician and soldier. He was born a younger son of Connor O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Thomond. He fought against the insurgents at Tyrone's Rebellion, but for the insurgents in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and the Irish Confederate Wars. He resisted the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. He joined Charles II of England in exile and was in his eighties made a viscount at the Restoration.

Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond
Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond and Baron Ibrickan, PC (Ire) (died 1624), was a Protestant Irish nobleman and soldier, and Chief of Clan O'Brien. He fought for Queen Elizabeth during Tyrone's Rebellion and participated in the Siege of Kinsale. He obtained the transfer of County Clare, where most of his lands lay, from the Province of Connacht to that of Munster. He was made president of Munster in 1605.
Richard Taylor (editor)
Richard Taylor (18 May 1781 – 1 December 1858) was an English naturalist and publisher of scientific journals. He became joint editor of the Philosophical Magazine in 1822 and went on to publish the Annals of Natural History in 1838. From 1837 to 1852, he edited and published Scientific Memoirs, Selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science. In 1852, he was joined by the chemist Dr William Francis to form Taylor & Francis.

Scientific Memoirs
Scientific Memoirs, Selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of science and Learned Societies and from Foreign Journals was a series of books edited and published by Richard Taylor (1781–1858) in London between 1837 and 1852.

After 1852 the publication continued in two series: Natural Philosophy, edited by J. Tyndall and William Francis; and, Natural history, edited by Arthur Henfrey and Thomas Henry Huxley.

Volume 3 (1843) is noteworthy because it contained Ada Lovelace's notes appended to her translation of Luigi Federico Menabrea's article. Both are available on Wikisource.

The Menebrea article

The notes by Ada Lovelace.

Some volumes have been reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corp. New York in 1966.

Volume I and II of Scientific Memoirs (1841)

List of figures in volume I of Scientific Memoirs (1841)

Figure in volume I of Scientific Memoirs (1841)

First page of volume I of Scientific Memoirs (1841)
Hirschholm Palace
Hirschholm Palace, also known as Hørsholm Palace, was a royal palace located in present-day Hørsholm municipality just north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 1740s and, one of the finest buildings of its time, it became known as the "Versailles of the North".

It developed a notorious reputation in connection with its role in the affair between Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Caroline Mathilda in the 1770s. After that it fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1809–1813.

The palace was designed by Lauritz de Thurah for King Christian VI and his consort Queen Sophie Magdalene, and was intended as their summer residence.

Hørsholm
Hørsholm (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhɶɐ̯sˌhʌlˀm]) is an urban area on the Øresund coast approximately 25 km (15.53 mi) north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers most of Hørsholm Municipality and straddles the borders neighbouring Fredensborg Municipality and Rudersdal Municipality.

Hørsholm proper is developed around Hirschholm Palace, which was constructed in the 1730s, but the town has later absorbed several of the nearby communities that are of much older origins.
Lady Jane Spencer (1826–1900)
Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill VA (née Conyngham; 1 June 1826 – 24 December 1900) was an English aristocrat and companion of Queen Victoria.

From 1854 to her death, Churchill served as a Lady of the Bedchamber to Victoria; this made her the longest serving member of the queen's personal household. Her role mainly extended to accompanying the queen on her travels and acting as her intermediary in the royal household. Despite her long service, little is known of the details of Lady Churchill's personal life and time serving the queen, for she left no journals or memoirs. Her marriage to Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill produced one son.

Lady of the Bedchamber
Lady of the Bedchamber  is the title of a lady-in-waiting holding the official position of personal attendant on a British queen regnant or queen consort. The position is traditionally held by the wife of a peer. A lady of the bedchamber would give instructions to the women of the bedchamber on what their queen wished them to do, or may carry out those duties herself.

The equivalent title and office has historically been used in most European royal courts (Dutch: Dames du Palais; French: Dames or Dame de Palais; German: Hofstaatsdame or Palastdame; Italian: Dame di Corte; Russian: Hofdame or Statsdame; Spanish: Dueña de honor; Swedish: Statsfru).
Rhys Martin
Rhys Martin (born 13 February 1986) is an Australian professional basketball player who last played for the Gold Coast Rollers of the Queensland Basketball League (QBL). He is most well known for his 10 seasons in the National Basketball League (NBL) with the Illawarra Hawks.

Illawarra Hawks
The Illawarra Hawks (formerly the Wollongong Hawks and The Hawks) are an Australian professional basketball team based in Wollongong, New South Wales. The Illawarra Hawks compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at WIN Entertainment Centre, known colloquially as "The Sandpit". The Illawarra Hawks are the only remaining NBL team to have competed in every season since the league's inception in 1979. The team won their first NBL Championship in 2001, their second in 2025, and have finished as runners-up in 2005, 2010 and 2017.
2008–2009 Sri Lankan Army Northern offensive
The 2008–2009 SLA Northern offensive was an armed conflict in the northern Province of Sri Lanka between the military of Sri Lanka and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The battle began with a Sri Lanka Army (SLA) offensive attempting to break through the LTTE defence lines in the north of the island, aiming to conclude the country's 25-year-old civil war by military victory.

Sri Lanka Armed Forces
The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The three services have around 346,700 active personnel; conscription has never been imposed in Sri Lanka. As of 2021 it is the 14th largest military in the world, with 1.46% of the Sri Lankan population actively serving.
Khamerernebty II
Khamerernebty II was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 4th Dynasty. She was a daughter of Pharaoh Khafre and Queen Khamerernebty I. She married her brother Menkaure and she was the mother of Prince Khuenre.

Khafre
Khafre or Chephren (died c. 2532 BC) was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the fourth king of the Fourth Dynasty, during the earlier half of the Old Kingdom period (c. 2700–2200 BC). He was son of the king Khufu, and succeeded his brother Djedefre to the throne.

Khafre's enormous pyramid at Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, is surpassed only by his father's (the Great Pyramid). The Great Sphinx of Giza was also built for him, according to some egyptologists, although this remains unconfirmed. Little is known about Khafre aside from the reports of Herodotus, a Greek historian who wrote 2,000 years later.
Emma Smith
Emma Hale Smith Bidamon (July 10, 1804 – April 30, 1879) was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement and a prominent member of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church) as well as the first wife of Joseph Smith, the movement's founder. In 1842, when the Ladies' Relief Society of Nauvoo was formed as a women's service organization, she was elected by its members as the organization's first president.

After the killing of Joseph Smith, Emma remained in Nauvoo rather than following Brigham Young and the Mormon pioneers to the Utah Territory. Emma was supportive of Smith's teachings throughout her life with the exception of plural marriage and remained loyal to her son, Joseph Smith III, in his leadership of the RLDS Church.

Sarah M. Cleveland
Sarah Marietta Kingsley Cleveland (October 20, 1788 – 1856) was the first counselor to Emma Smith in the presidency of the Relief Society from 1842 to 1844.

Cleveland was born in Becket, Berkshire County, Massachusetts to Ebenezer Kingsley. She was married to John Cleveland and later to the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith. Her husband was a judge in Nauvoo, Illinois, and unlike her did not join the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; he was a Swedenborgian. Cleveland remained in Nauvoo with her husband when the main body of the Latter Day Saints moved to what later became Utah Territory.
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.1
The Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.1 (S'antos Experimental) was an experimental aircraft built at the Army Balloon Factory at Farnborough (later the Royal Aircraft Factory) in 1911. Its place in aviation history is mainly that it was the first in the series of Royal Aircraft Factory designs - several of which played an important role in World War I.

Royal Aircraft Establishment
The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) was a British research establishment, known by several different names during its history, that eventually came under the aegis of the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD), before finally losing its identity in mergers with other institutions.

The British Army Balloon Factory was established on Farnborough Common in the early 1900s. By 1912 it had come under civilian control and was the Royal Aircraft Factory (RAF). In 1918 it was renamed Royal Aircraft Establishment to prevent confusion with the newly created Royal Air Force.

The first site was at Farnborough Airfield ("RAE Farnborough") in Hampshire to which was added a second site RAE Bedford (Bedfordshire) in 1946.

On 1 May 1988 it was renamed the Royal Aerospace Establishment (RAE) before merging with other research entities to become part of the new Defence Research Agency in 1991.
Ignazio Florio Sr.
Ignazio Florio Sr. (Palermo, 16 December 1838 – Palermo, 17 May 1891) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician, member of the  rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century.

Vincenzo Florio
Vincenzo Florio Jr. (18 March 1883 – 6 January 1959) was an Italian entrepreneur, heir of the rich Florio entrepreneurial dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. An automobile enthusiast, he is best known as the founder of the Targa Florio.
Giraffoidea
Giraffoidea is a superfamily that includes the families Climacoceratidae, Prolibytheriidae, and Giraffidae. The only extant members in the superfamily are the giraffes and okapi. The Climacoceratidae are also placed in the superfamily, but were originally placed within the family Palaeomerycidae.

Climacoceratidae
Climacoceratidae is a family of superficially deer-like artiodactyl ungulates which lived in the Miocene epoch in Africa. They are close to the ancestry of giraffes, with some genera, such as Prolibytherium, originally classified as giraffes, but later found to have been of entirely different families.

The climacoceratids, namely members of what is now the type genus Climacoceras, were originally placed within the family Palaeomerycidae, and then within Giraffidae.  In 1978, W. R. Hamilton erected a new family, placing it close to Giraffidae within the superfamily Giraffoidea.

They differ from giraffes in that their antler-like ossicones are derived from different bones.
Satakunta
Satakunta (in both Finnish and Swedish, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈs̠ɑt̪ɑˌkun̪t̪ɑ]; historically Satacundia or Satagundia) is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland, part of the former Western Finland Province. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia and Ostrobothnia. The capital city of the region is Pori. The name of the region literally means hundred. The historical province of the same name was a larger area within Finland, covering modern Satakunta as well as much of Pirkanmaa.

Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa (Finnish: [ˈpirkɑmˌmɑː]; Swedish: Birkaland; Latin: Birkaria), also known as Tampere Region in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme and Southwest Finland. Most of the water area in the Kokemäki River watershed is located in the Pirkanmaa region, although Lake Vanajavesi is partly in the Kanta-Häme region. The region got its name from Pirkkala, which in the Middle Ages comprised most of present-day Pirkanmaa. Tampere is the regional center and capital of Pirkanmaa, and at the same time the largest city in the region.

The total population of Pirkanmaa was 529,100 on 30 June 2022, which makes it the second largest among Finland's regions after Uusimaa. The population density is well over twice the Finnish average, and most of its population is largely concentrated in the Tampere metropolitan area.
Reina Washio
Reina Washio (鷲尾伶菜, Washio Reina; born January 20, 1994) is a Japanese singer, performer and model. She is a former member of J-Pop group E-girls and former member of Flower. Washio is represented with LDH.

LDH (company)
LDH JAPAN Inc. (株式会社LDH JAPAN) is a Japanese management and entertainment company founded by the six original members of Japanese boy group Exile in 2003. The president is Hiroyuki Igarashi, the leader of the Exile. The name "LDH" is an acronym of "Love + Dream + Happiness". The company operates several boy bands and girl groups and a talent school named "EXPG".

In January 2017, the company changed its name to LDH Japan and established overseas branches in United States, Asia, and Europe. They established a new company called LDH World, the parent company of the four branches. For LDH World, Hiro took on the role of chief creative officer, while Verbal, NIGO and Dr. Romanelli (aka DRx) were appointed as executive creative directors. Masataka Mori was appointed as the CEO of LDH Japan, Makoto Matsuda as the CEO of LDH Asia, Afrojack as the CEO of LDH Europe and Hirotaka Mori as the CEO of LDH USA.