hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
India Stack
India Stack is a marketing term coined by iSPIRT (Indian Software Product Industry Round Table) to brand a collection of government-operated digital infrastructure systems in India as a unified platform. The term encompasses identity verification (Aadhaar), payments (UPI), document storage (DigiLocker), and data sharing layers--each governed by separate government bodies with distinct legal frameworks.

The systems have achieved significant scale, with UPI processing over 10 billion monthly transactions and Aadhaar covering 1.4 billion residents. However, the platform has faced sustained criticism regarding welfare exclusion linked to biometric authentication failures, privacy and surveillance concerns, and the gap between "open" branding and closed, proprietary governance.

Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a twelve-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of India based on their place of residence, biometrics and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority established in January 2016 by the  Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, following the provisions of the Aadhaar Act, 2016.

Applicants to Aadhaar receive an Aadhaar UID Card/UID Card, that can be utilzed to identify a resident of India. As of May 2023, more than 99.9% of India's adult population had been issued Aadhaar IDs, making it  the world's largest biometric ID system

Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any right to domicile in India, or can be used as an identification document for international travel.
Wang Chuzhi
Wang Chuzhi (862 – 6 February 923), who held the courtesy name Yunming and was created Prince of Beiping, was a Chinese warlord who controlled Yiwu around modern Baoding, Hebei, during the late Tang and early Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Periods of Chinese history. He served as Yiwu's military governor (jiedushi) from 900, when replaced the previous governor, his nephew Wang Gao, who fled during an attack. The military governors of the era were often de facto rulers independent of imperial control; Wang Chuzhi became independent de jure as well in 910 when he and the neighboring warlord Wang Rong, prince of Zhao, broke away from the Later Liang. Wang Chuzhi was finally overthrown in 921 by his adoptive son Wang Du.

Wang Gao
Wang Gao (fl. 900) was a Chinese warlord near the end of the Tang dynasty. Born into a wealthy and powerful military dynasty, he served as the largely independent military governor (jiedushi) of Yiwu (around modern Baoding, Hebei), succeeding his father Wang Chucun to the post in 895 and losing it to his cousin Wang Chuzhi in 900 after fleeing battle with the forces of Zhu Quanzhong, the warlord who subsequently established the Later Liang Empire.
Tadvi Bhil
The Tadvi Bhil is a tribal community found in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in India. They are a clan of the larger Bhil ethnic group. They use the surname Tadvi or sometimes the name of their Kul or Gan; the Dhankas of Gujarat and Maharashtra use Tadvi or Tetariya.

Bhil
Bhil or Bheel are various indigenous groups inhabiting western India, including parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and are also found in distant places such as Bengal and Tripura. Though they now speak the Bhili language, an Indo-Aryan language, the  aboriginal language that the Bhil originally spoke is lost. Bhils are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages.

Bhils are listed as tribal people in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan—all in the western Deccan regions and central India—as well as in Bengal and Tripura in far-eastern India, on the border with Bangladesh. Many Bhils speak the dominant language of the region they reside in, such as Marathi, Gujarati or Bengali.
The Wilde Flowers
The Wilde Flowers were an English psychedelic rock band from Canterbury, Kent. Formed in 1964, the group originally featured lead vocalist Kevin Ayers, lead guitarist and co-lead vocalist Brian Hopper, rhythm guitarist and vocalist Richard Sinclair, bassist Hugh Hopper and drummer Robert Wyatt. Despite not releasing any material during their brief three-year tenure, the band are generally considered to be the originators of the Canterbury scene. After their breakup in 1969, the group's members went on to form numerous key bands within the scene, including Soft Machine and Caravan.

Hugh Hopper
Hugh Colin Hopper (29 April 1945 – 7 June 2009) was a British progressive rock and jazz fusion bass guitarist. He was a prominent member of the Canterbury scene, as a member of Soft Machine and other bands.
Derrick Miller
Derrick Miller (born 1983/1984) is a former US Army National Guardsman sergeant who was sentenced in 2011 to life in prison with the chance of parole for the murder of an Afghan civilian during a battlefield interrogation. Miller is colloquially associated with a group of U.S. military personnel convicted of war crimes known as the Leavenworth 10. After being incarcerated for eight years, Miller was granted parole and released in 2019. He currently serves as the Executive Director of the Justice for Warriors Caucus and Military Adviser to Texas Republican U.S. Representative Louie Gohmert.

Louie Gohmert
Louis Buller Gohmert Jr. (/ˈɡoʊmərt/; born August 18, 1953) is an American attorney,  politician, and former judge who was the U.S. representative from Texas's 1st congressional district from 2005 to 2023. Gohmert is a Republican and was part of the Tea Party movement. In January 2015, he unsuccessfully challenged John Boehner for Speaker of the House of Representatives. In November 2021, he announced his candidacy in the 2022 Texas Attorney General election. He failed to advance to the Republican primary runoff, finishing fourth with 17% of the vote. His political positions are often considered far-right.
At This Moment
"At This Moment" is a song written by Billy Vera and recorded live by Vera and his band under the name Billy Vera & the Beaters in 1981, during a string of performances at the Roxy in West Hollywood (January 15–17) and featured on their self-titled live album Billy and the Beaters, released that year as the album's second single, on the American subsidiary of Japan's Alfa Records. The song is more notable for its second run on the charts years after its initial release, when it was featured on television's Family Ties series, after which the song became a number 1 hit in early 1987.

Alfa Records
Alfa Records Inc. (アルファレコード株式会社, Alfa Record Kabushiki Gaisha), originally a publisher known as Alfa Music Ltd. and later succeeded by record company Alfa Music Inc., was established in 1969 by composer and record producer Kunihiko Murai. It was formed into an independent record label known as Alfa Records in 1977. A short-lived American subsidiary operated from 1980 to 1982.
Ollantaytambo
Ollantaytambo (Quechua: Ullantaytampu) is a town and an Inca archaeological site in southern Peru some 72 km (45 mi) by road northwest of the city of Cusco. It is located at an altitude of 2,792 m (9,160 ft) above sea level in the district of Ollantaytambo, province of Urubamba, Cusco region. During the Inca Empire, Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley of the Incas was the royal estate of Emperor Pachacuti, after  the mid-15th century. He built a town and a ceremonial center there. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru, it served as a stronghold for Manco Inca Yupanqui, leader of the Inca resistance. It is now an important tourist attraction on account of its Inca ruins and its location en route to a starting point for the four-day, three-night hike of the Inca Trail.

Manco Inca Yupanqui
Manco Inca Yupanqui (c. 1515 – 1544) was the founder and first Sapa Inca of the independent Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba, although he was originally a puppet Inca Emperor installed by the Spaniards. He was also known as Manco II and Manco Cápac II. He was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and a younger brother of Huáscar.: 150
Colonial Park, Pennsylvania
Colonial Park is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 13,229 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Harrisburg metropolitan area. It uses the Harrisburg ZIP code of 17109 and hosts a great deal of the area's retail activity, including the Colonial Park Mall.

Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania
Lower Paxton is a township in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 53,514 at the 2020 census. It is the most populous municipality in Dauphin County and the 17th-most populated municipality in the state.

Lower Paxton Township is located 76.6 miles (123.3 km) southwest of Allentown, 9.4 miles (15.1 km) northeast of Harrisburg, and 107.3 miles (172.7 km) northwest of Philadelphia.

The township was incorporated in 1767 from Paxton Township.
Roman Kroitor
Roman Kroitor (December 12, 1926 – September 17, 2012) was a Canadian filmmaker who was known as a pioneer of Cinéma vérité, as the co-founder of IMAX, and as the creator of the Sandde hand-drawn stereoscopic 3D animation system. He was also the original inspiration for The Force. His prodigious output garnered numerous awards, including two BAFTA Awards, three Cannes Film Festival awards, and two Oscar nominations.

Tom Daly (filmmaker)
Thomas Cullen Daly OC (April 25, 1918 – September 18, 2011) was a Canadian film producer, film editor and film director, who was the head of Studio B at the National Film Board of Canada (NFB).

During his 44-year career, Daly produced, edited and/or directed 315 films.

His remarkable awards roster includes eight BAFTA awards, eight Venice Film Festival awards, seven Cannes Film Festival awards and ten Oscar nominations. On April 27, 2000, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Neman, Russia
Neman (Russian: Не́ман; German: Ragnit; Lithuanian: Ragaĩnė), is a town and the administrative center of Nemansky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located in the historic region of Lithuania Minor, on the steep southern bank of the Neman River, where it forms the Russian border with the Klaipėda Region in Lithuania, and 130 kilometers (81 mi) northeast of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast. Population figures:  11,798 (2010 census); 12,714 (2002 census); 13,821 (1989 Soviet census).

Nemansky District
Nemansky District (Russian: Нема́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Nemansky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 699.3 square kilometers (270.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Neman. Population: 20,132 (2010 Census); 22,536 (2002 Census); 8,904 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Neman accounts for 58.6% of the district's total population.
Southwest (Washington, D.C.)
Southwest (SW or S.W.) is the southwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located south of the National Mall and west of South Capitol Street. It is the smallest quadrant of the city, and contains a small number of named neighborhoods and districts, including Bellevue, Southwest Federal Center, the Southwest Waterfront, Buzzard Point, and the military installation known as Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling.

Southwest Waterfront
The Southwest Waterfront is a neighborhood in Southwest Washington, D.C. The Southwest quadrant is the smallest of Washington's four quadrants, and the Southwest Waterfront is one of only two residential neighborhoods in the quadrant; the other is Bellevue, which, being east of the Anacostia River, is frequently, if mistakenly, regarded as being in Southeast.

Southwest Waterfront is bounded by Interstate 395 to the north, Washington Channel to the west, the Anacostia River to the south, and South Capitol Street to the east. Politically, Southwest Waterfront lies in Ward 6. It contains The Wharf mixed-use district.
Rustam Emomali
Rustam Emomali (born Rustam Emomalievich Rahmonov; 19 December 1987) is a Tajik politician who is the current Chairman of the National Assembly of Tajikistan, Mayor of Dushanbe and the eldest son of Emomali Rahmon, the long-standing president of Tajikistan.

Rustam Emomali is believed to be prepared by his father to succeed him as the leader of Tajikistan; he holds the title of the constitutionally designated successor to the presidency. He heads the anti-corruption agency in Tajikistan and the state's financial oversight agency. Despite not having served in the armed forces, he holds the rank of major general. He was appointed as the mayor of Dushanbe by his father in 2017 at the age of 29.

National Assembly of Tajikistan
The National Assembly (Tajik: Маҷлиси миллии, romanized: Majlisi milliyi, pronounced [mad͡ʒˈlisi milˈliji]; Russian: Национальный совет) is the upper chamber of Tajikistan's bicameral parliament. Rustam Emomali, who is the son of incumbent President Emomali Rahmon, is serving as the Chairman of the Majlisi Milli since April 17, 2020.

Twenty-five members were elected on March 28, 2025 and the President appointed one quarter of the members in April, bringing the total number of members to thirty-one.
Cinnaminson Township, New Jersey
Cinnaminson Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Cinnaminson Township borders the Delaware River, and is an eastern suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 17,064, an increase of 1,495 (+9.6%) from the 2010 census count of 15,569, which in turn reflected an increase of 974 (+6.7%) from the 14,595 counted in the 2000 census. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Cinnaminson was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1860, from portions of Chester Township (now known as Maple Shade Township). Portions of the township were taken to form Delran Township (February 12, 1880), Riverton (December 18, 1893) and Palmyra (April 19, 1894).

Palmyra, New Jersey
Palmyra is a borough in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 7,438, an increase of 40 (+0.5%) from the 2010 census count of 7,398, which in turn reflected an increase of 307 (+4.3%) from the 7,091 counted in the 2000 census. The borough, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Palmyra was originally incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 19, 1894, from portions of Cinnaminson Township and Riverton. On February 20, 1923, Palmyra was reincorporated as a borough.
Bored (band)
Bored (stylised as Bored!) were an Australian punk band formed in Geelong in 1987. The original line-up was Grant Gardner on bass guitar, Adrian Hann on keyboards, Justin Munday on drums, John Nolan on guitar (ex-Behind the Magnolia Curtain) and Dave Thomas on guitar and vocals (ex-Bodies, Slaughter House). In 1989 Gardner was replaced by Tim Hemensley (ex-Royal Flush, God). Both Hemensley and Nolan left in 1991 to form Powder Monkeys. Bored! released five studio albums by 1993 and disbanded later that year. Thomas briefly joined Magic Dirt and subsequently enlisted various line-ups for reformed versions of Bored! in 1998, 1999 and 2000.

Magic Dirt
Magic Dirt is an Australian rock band, which formed in 1991 in Geelong, Victoria, with Daniel Herring on guitar, Adam Robertson on drums, Adalita Srsen on vocals and guitar, and Dean Turner on bass guitar. Initially forming an alternative underground band called Deer Bubbles  which split and formed into the much heavier, rock based group called The Jim Jims, they were renamed as Magic Dirt. Their top 40 releases on the ARIA Albums Chart are Friends in Danger (1996), What Are Rock Stars Doing Today (2000), Tough Love (2003) and Snow White (2005). They have received nine ARIA Music Award nominations including four at the ARIA Music Awards of 1995 for Life Was Better – their second extended play. Turner died in August 2009 of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (a soft tissue cancer). From 2010 to November 2018, the band were on hiatus.
FIRS (index)
The FIRS Index is a share index of the 13 privatisation-investment funds (PIFs) listed on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange (BLSE), established on 29 July 2004. FIRS stands for Indeks investicionih fondova Republike Srpske, which is Serbian for Investment Funds Index of Republika Srpska.

The highest value of the index to 22 September 2006, was on that day, at 4467.74.

Other indices on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange are the BIRS (an index of 12 leading shares) and ERS10 (an index of 10 companies from the power utility sector).

All of the companies listed on this index include the abbreviation a.d. (akcionarsko drušvo) at the end of their name, indicating their status of a public limited company.

Banja Luka Stock Exchange
The Banja Luka Stock Exchange or BLSE (Serbian: Бањалучка берза, Banjalučka berza) is a stock exchange which operates in the city of Banja Luka in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Banja Luka Stock Exchange is a member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges.
Dusky velvetfish
The dusky velvetfish (Aploactis aspera) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Aploactis. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean.

Velvetfish
Little velvetfishes or simply Velvetfishes are a subfamily, the Aploactininae, of marine ray-finned fishes classified within the family Synanceiidae of the suborder Scorpaenoidei. They are small fish that have skin with a velvet texture. They live on the sea bottom close to the shore, at depths of up to 100 metres (330 ft). They are found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Susana Soca
Susana Soca (1906–1959) was a Uruguayan poet-writer.  During the most productive part of her public career, much of which coincided with the Second World War, she lived in France.   Soca also founded and for many years produced the transatlantic literary journal La Licorne.   Both in her journal and elsewhere she was notable for the extent and effectiveness of her support for fellow writers from Latin America and Europe.

She died near Rio de Janeiro airport when the Lockheed airliner on which she was a passenger crashed, killing all 29 passengers and 7 of the 10 crew members.

La Licorne
La Licorne (French: "The Unicorn") or Cahiers de La Licorne/Cuadernos de la Licorne was a literary magazine founded by Uruguayan poet Susana Soca, which produced three issues in Paris in Spring 1947, Autumn 1948, and Winter 1948.

A follow-on publication, Entregas de la licorne, was launched in Montevideo in 1953 under editor Ángel Rama.
Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico)
The Cordillera Central (English: "Central Mountain Range") is the only mountain range in the main island of Puerto Rico, consisting of three subranges: the western-central Cordillera Central, the southeastern Sierra de Cayey, and the northeastern Sierra de Luquillo. Bordered by the Northern Karst Belt to the northwest and costal plains to the north and south, the numerous ridges and foothills of the three subranges combined extend throughout the island. Concentrated in the western to central region of the island, the eponymous main subrange of Cordillera Central originates in the municipality of Mayagüez and merges with the Sierra de Cayey subrange on the town boundary between the municipalities of Barranquitas and Aibonito. At 1,338 meters (4,390 ft) on the town line between Ponce and Jayuya, Cerro de Punta is the summit of the Cordillera Central and the highest point in Puerto Rico.

Cerro de Punta
Cerro de Punta or Cerro Punta (Spanish for 'point hill' or 'hill point', respectively) is the highest peak in Puerto Rico, rising to 1,338 meters (4,390 ft) above sea level. The mountain is part of the Cordillera Central and is located on the municipal boundary between Ponce and Jayuya in the central region of the main island of Puerto Rico.
Dodda Vira Rajendra
Dodda Vira Rajendra was the ruler of the Kingdom of Coorg from 1780 to 1809. He freed the kingdom from the occupation of Tipu Sultan, the king of Mysore. He later aided the British in their fight against Tipu Sultan.  Dodda Veera raja constructed the city of Vira-rajendrapete, today known as Virajapet.

Virajpet
Virajpet, also spelled Virajapete (Kodava: [ʋiraːdʒɐpeːʈe]) is a town in the district of Kodagu, in India's southern State of Karnataka. It is the main town of the Virajpet taluka, south of the district, and borders Kerala State. The name of the town is derived from its founder, Dodda Vira Rajendra.
Mombasa Air Safari Flight 203
Mombasa Air Safari Flight 203 was a domestic flight from Ukunda Airport in Kwale County to Kichwa Tembo Airport in Narok County, Kenya. The Cessna 208 Caravan crashed on 28 October 2025 near Kwale, killing all 11 people on board.

Cessna 208 Caravan
The Cessna 208 Caravan is a utility aircraft produced by Cessna.

The project was commenced on November 20, 1981, and the prototype first flew on December 9, 1982.
The production model was certified by the FAA in October 1984 and its Cargomaster freighter variant was developed for FedEx.
The 4 ft (1.2 m) longer 208B Super Cargomaster first flew in 1986 and was developed into the passenger 208B Grand Caravan.

The strutted, high wing 208 typically seats nine passengers in its unpressurized cabin, is powered by a single Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A tractor turboprop and has a fixed tricycle landing gear, floats, or skis.

By 2022, 3,000 had been delivered and 24 million flight hours have been logged. Caravans have been used for flight training, commuter airlines, VIP transport, air cargo, skydiving and humanitarian missions.
Rich Miano
Richard James Miano (born September 3, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for 10 seasons with three teams in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors. He has served as executive director of the Hula Bowl, a college football all-star game, since it was revived in 2020.

Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football
The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represents the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in NCAA Division I FBS college football.  It was part of the Western Athletic Conference until July 2012, when the team joined the Mountain West Conference (MW) as a football-only member, with an upgrade to full MW membership pending in 2026. From 2000 until 2013, the team was known simply as the Warriors.
Dudley Randall
Dudley Randall (January 14, 1914 – August 5, 2000) was an African-American poet and poetry publisher from Detroit, Michigan. He founded a pioneering publishing company called Broadside Press in 1965, which published many leading African-American writers, among them Melvin Tolson, Sonia Sanchez, Audre Lorde, Gwendolyn Brooks, Etheridge Knight, Margaret Walker, and others.

Randall's most famous poem is "The Ballad of Birmingham," written in response to the 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, in which four girls were killed. Randall's poetry is characterized by simplicity, realism, and what one critic has called the "liberation aesthetic." Other well-known poems of his include "A Poet is not a Jukebox", "Booker T. and W.E.B.", and "The Profile on the Pillow".

Margaret Danner
Margaret Danner (1915–1984) (Margaret Esse Danner, Margaret Danner Cunningham) was an American poet, editor and cultural activist known for her poetic imagery and her celebration of African heritage and cultural forms.