hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brandon Township, Michigan
Brandon Charter Township is a charter township of Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 15,384 at the 2020 census.

As a northern suburb of Metro Detroit, Brandon Township is about 30 miles (48.3 km) north of the city of Detroit and about 20 miles (32.2 km) southeast of Flint.  The village of Ortonville is located within the township.

Ortonville, Michigan
Ortonville is a village in north Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The village is within Brandon Township, although some development near the village lies within adjacent Oakland County, Groveland township and Lapeer County, Hadley township. The population was 1,291 as of the 2021 Census estimate. Ortonville lies on the northern edge of Metro Detroit and is approximately 41 miles (66 km) north of Downtown Detroit.
Minister of Militia and Defence
The Minister of Militia and Defence was the federal government minister in charge of the volunteer army units in Canada, the Canadian Militia.

From 1855 to 1906, the minister was responsible for Canadian militia units only, as the British Army was still stationed in Canada. From 1906 to 1923, the minister was in charge of the Department of Militia and Defence (Canada). After 1923, the position was merged with the Minister of the Naval Service and the Minister of Aviation into the new position of Minister of National Defence.  The Minister of National Defence became responsible for the Canadian Militia, the Royal Canadian Navy and, from 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Minister of the Naval Service (Canada)
The Minister of the Naval Service (Canada) was the federal government minister charged with oversight of the Royal Canadian Navy.

In 1923 the National Defence Act merged the position of Minister of Militia and Defence with the Minister of the Naval Service.

The position was re-established during World War II as the Minister of National Defence for Naval Services (Canada).
Lau Siu-lai
Lau Siu-lai (Chinese: 劉小麗; born 3 August 1976) is a Hong Kong educator, academic, activist, and politician. She is a sociology lecturer at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University's Hong Kong Community College and the founder of Democracy Groundwork and Age of Resistance. In 2016, Lau was elected to the Legislative Council, representing the Kowloon West geographical constituency until she was disqualified by the court on 14 July 2017 over her oath-taking manner at the inaugural meeting of the Legislative Council on 12 October 2016.

Edward Yiu
Edward Yiu Chung-yim (Chinese: 姚松炎; born 19 July 1964) is a Hong Kong academic, scholar and former politician who is currently an associate professor of property at the University of Auckland Business School. He is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong elected in the 2016 Legislative Council election  representing the functional constituency of Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape. On 14 July 2017, Yiu was disqualified by the court over his manner on oath of office at the inaugural meeting of the Legislative Council on 12 October 2016 as a result of the oath-taking controversy.
Blackfin stonefish
The blackfin stonefish (Pseudosynanceia melanostigma) is a species of venomous ray-finned fish, a stonefish be longing to the subfamily Synanceiinae of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is the only species in the monotypic genus. It is native to the western Indian Ocean where it occurs in areas with muddy bottoms.  This species grows to a total length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in).

Synanceiinae
Synanceiinae is a subfamily of venomous ray-finned fishes, the stonefishes, which are classified as part of the family Synanceiidae within the suborder Scorpaenoidei. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific oceans. They are primarily marine, though some species are known to live in fresh or brackish waters.  The various species of this family are known informally as stonefish, stinger, stingfish and ghouls. Its species are known to have the most potent neurotoxins of all the fish venoms, secreted from glands at the base of their needle-like dorsal fin spines. The vernacular name, stonefish, for some of these fishes derives from their behaviour of camouflaging as rocks. The type species of the family is the reef stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa).
Reginald Walter Stenning
Reginald Walter Stenning (aliases Reginald Stephen Hathaway, Walter Stephens and Richard Stenning) (26 February 1903 - 25 April 1923) was a British Army deserter who joined the Irish Republican Army (IRA), fighting on the anti-Treaty side in the Civil War. After being captured by Free State forces he was beaten and executed.

Timothy Lyons
Timothy Lyons (4 December 1895 -16 April 1923), a.k.a. Aero or Aeroplane, was an Irish Republican Army (IRA) soldier who fought with the Anti-Treaty side during the Irish Civil War. After a three-day siege by Free State forces at Clashmealcon, County Kerry, he died after falling from a cliff onto rocks and then being shot.
Mulan Joins the Army (1939 film)
Mulan Joins the Army (simplified Chinese: 木兰从军; traditional Chinese: 木蘭從軍; pinyin: Mùlán cóngjūn), is a 1939 Chinese historical war film and is one of several film adaptations of the Hua Mulan (花木兰) legend, a story of a young woman who disguises herself as a man in order to take her father's place in the army. Described as a musical comedy, the film was directed by Richard Poh (Bu Wancang) and stars Nancy Chan (credited as Chen Yunshang) as the title character. The success of the movie was evident by its record-breaking run of 83 days in Shanghai. The screenplay by Ouyang Yuqian, was produced in Shanghai by the Hwa Cheng Studio (華成製片廠), a subsidiary of the Xinhua Film Company.

Bu Wancang
Bu Wancang (July 1, 1900 – December 30, 1973), also known by his English name Richard Poh, was a prolific Chinese film director and screenwriter active between the 1920s and the 1960s. He was born in Anhui.
Reference electrode
A reference electrode is an electrode that has a stable and well-known electrode potential. The overall chemical reaction taking place in a cell is made up of two independent half-reactions, which describe chemical changes at the two electrodes. To focus on the reaction at the working electrode, the reference electrode is standardized with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participant of the redox reaction.

There are many ways reference electrodes are used. The simplest is when the reference electrode is used as a half-cell to build an electrochemical cell. This allows the potential of the other half cell to be determined. An accurate and practical method to measure an electrode's potential in isolation (absolute electrode potential) has yet to be developed.

Working electrode
In electrochemistry, the working electrode is the electrode in an electrochemical system on which the reaction of interest is occurring.  The working electrode is often used in conjunction with an auxiliary electrode, and a reference electrode in a three-electrode system.  Depending on whether the reaction on the electrode is a reduction or an oxidation, the working electrode is called cathodic or anodic, respectively.  Common working electrodes can consist of materials ranging from noble metals such as gold or platinum, to inert carbon such as glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond or pyrolytic carbon, and mercury drop and film electrodes. Chemically modified electrodes are employed for the analysis of both organic and inorganic samples.
Seghwaert
Seghwaert is a district in Zoetermeer that was formed around the old village of Zegwaart (or Zegwaard), which fused with the municipality of Zoetermeer in 1935, using the archaic spelling of the locale's name. The old Zegwaart was a ribbon development along what remains until today as Zegwaartseweg, which is perpendicular to Dorpstraat. The district is divided into Seghwaert-Oost (2723), -Midden (2724) and -Noord (2727).

In the Middle Ages Zegwaart and Zoetermeer formed a parish. The coat of arms of the municipality was of azure, with three slanting bars of silver.

Zegwaart
Zegwaart (or Zegwaard) was a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located directly to the east of Zoetermeer. Around 1978 a division of Zoetermeer was named after the old village and got the name Seghwaert.

Zegwaart was a separate municipality until 1935, when it became part of Zoetermeer, using the archaic spelling of the locale's name Seghwaert. The old Zegwaart was a ribbon development along what remains until today as Zegwaartseweg, which is perpendicular to Dorpstraat. It is further divided into Seghwaert-Oost (2723), -Midden (2724) and -Noord (2727).
Chang Ya-chung
Chang Ya-chung (Chinese: 張亞中; pinyin: Zhāng Yàzhōng; born December 28, 1954) is a Taiwanese political scientist and professor at National Taiwan University. He founded the Democratic Action Alliance in 2004 and was elected to the National Assembly in 2005, but resigned on the first day to protest the parliament's formation. He later chaired the Chinese Integration Association. Chang subsequently became an active member of the Kuomintang, contesting the party's 2019 presidential primary. He was deemed an ineligible candidate for the party's 2020 leadership election, placing second in the following year. He ran again in 2025, finishing fourth.

2020 Kuomintang chairmanship by-election
The 2020 Kuomintang chairmanship by-election (Chinese: 2020年中國國民黨主席補選) was held on 7 March 2020.  This was the ninth direct election of the party leader in Kuomintang history. All registered, due-paying KMT party members were eligible to vote.
Sesklo
Sesklo (Greek: Σέσκλο; Aromanian: Seshklu) is a village in Greece that is located near Volos, a city located within the municipality of Aisonia. The municipality is located within the regional unit of Magnesia that is located within the administrative region of Thessaly. During the prehistory of Southeastern Europe, Sesklo was a significant settlement of Neolithic Greece, before the advent of the Bronze Age and millennia before the Mycenaean period.

Dimini
Dimini (Greek: Διμήνι; older form: Diminion) is a village near the city of Volos, in Thessaly (central Greece), in Magnesia. It was the seat of the municipality of Aisonia. The name Aisonia dates back to ancient times. Currently, Dimini is the westernmost place in the Volos area. The Dimini area contains both a Mycenean settlement and a Neolithic settlement. The Neolithic settlement in Dimini was discovered near the end of the 19th century and was first excavated by the archaeologists Christos Tsountas and Valerios Stais.

The palace of ancient Iolcos is believed to be located in modern-day Dimini, where, in 2001, a Mycenaean palace was excavated.
Bhat family
The Bhatt Peshwa family earlier known as Bhatt family is a prominent Indian Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family. Most of the members in this family were the Peshwas (prime ministers) in the Maratha Empire, and Peshwa later became their family name. In the eighteenth century, most of the Indian subcontinent came under their control.

Shamsher Bahadur I
Shamsher Bahadur I (born Krishna Rao 1734 – 18 January 1761), was a ruler of the Maratha dominion of Banda in northern India (in the historic region of Bundelkhand). He was the son of Peshwa Bajirao I and Mastani.
LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 5 4-6-0, commonly known as the Black Five, is a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives. It was introduced by William Stanier and built between 1934 and 1951. A total of 842 were built, initially numbered 4658-5499 then renumbered 44658-45499 by BR. Several members of the class survived to the last day of steam on British Railways in 1968, and eighteen are preserved.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
The ZhuZhus
The ZhuZhus (formerly known as Polly and the ZhuZhu Pets) is an animated children's television series developed by Hugh Duffy for Disney Channel and YTV. The series is based on the American toy franchise ZhuZhu Pets. It is the second animated adaptation starring the Fab Four; Pipsqueak, Mr. Squiggles, Num Nums, and Chunk, following Quest for Zhu in 2011.

The series is about Frankie Pamplemousse, a young girl who owns four talking hamsters. It debuted on Disney Channel in the United States on September 12, 2016.

ZhuZhu Pets
ZhuZhu Pets (Mandarin pronunciation: [tʂú tʂú], formerly known as Go Go Pets) is an American line of plush robotic hamster toys created by Cepia LLC in 2009. Multiple spin-off toy lines, including ZhuZhu Puppies and Kung Zhus, have been released.
W54
The W54 (also known as the Mark 54 or B54) was a tactical nuclear warhead developed by the United States in the late 1950s. The weapon is the smallest nuclear weapon in both weight and yield to have entered US service. It was a compact implosion device containing plutonium-239 as its fissile material, and in its various versions and mods it had a yield of 10 to 1,000 tons of TNT (42 to 4,184 gigajoules).

The weapon had two distinct versions: a warhead used in the AIM-26 Falcon air-to-air missile and in the Davy Crockett recoilless gun, and another used in the Special Atomic Demolition Munition (SADM) system, along with several mods  for each version. The two types are distinct in that much of the design between them was different, to the point that during the development of the SADM it was proposed that it be given its own unique mark designation.

A later development was the W72, which was a rebuilt W54 used with the AGM-62 Walleye guided bomb. The W72 was in service until 1979.

Davy Crockett (nuclear device)
The M28 or M29 Davy Crockett Weapon System was a tactical nuclear recoilless smoothbore gun for firing the M388 nuclear projectile, armed with the W54 nuclear warhead, that was deployed by the United States during the Cold War. It was the first project assigned to the United States Army Weapon Command in Rock Island, Illinois.  It remains one of the smallest nuclear weapon systems ever built, incorporating a warhead with yields of 10 to 20 tons of TNT (42 to 84 GJ). It is named after American folk hero, soldier, and congressman Davy Crockett.
Lower Darwen
Lower Darwen is a village in the unitary borough of Blackburn with Darwen, contiguous with the town of Darwen, in the ceremonial county of Lancashire, England. It is located between the towns of Blackburn and Darwen. Nearby places include Ewood and Blackamoor. It is situated in the valley of the River Darwen.

The former township of Lower Darwen, abolished in the 1890s, extended south to Earnsdale Brook, and included areas now in the town of Darwen.

Darwen
Darwen is a market town and civil parish in the Blackburn with Darwen borough in Lancashire, England. The residents of the town are known as "Darreners".
The A666 road passes through Darwen towards Blackburn to the north, Bolton to the south and Pendlebury where it joins the A6, about 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Manchester. The population of Darwen stood at 28,046 in the 2011 census. The town comprises four wards and has its own town council.

The town stands on the River Darwen, which flows from south to north and is seen in parks in the town centre and next to Sainsbury's located in the town centre.
Bridgewater, Massachusetts
Bridgewater is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the city's population was 28,633. The historic city center of Bridgewater is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Boston, Massachusetts and approximately 35 miles east of Providence, Rhode Island. The town of Bridgewater was formerly a census-designated place (CDP) until 2010, when Bridgewater was granted city status. Today, Bridgewater is one of 13 municipalities in Massachusetts that have applied for and have been granted a city government while claiming "the town of" in their official names.

Brockton, Massachusetts
Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census, and it is a major economic and commercial hub for the southern part of Greater Boston. Along with Plymouth, it is one of the two county seats of the county. It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two villages within it are Montello and Campello, both of which have MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox of the Frontier League. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph (23.0 km/h).
Michael Colvin
Michael Keith Beale Colvin (27 September 1932 – 24 February 2000) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol North West at the 1979 general election. From 1983 onwards, he was the MP for Romsey and Waterside constituency in Hampshire, which later became the constituency of Romsey.

Romsey (UK Parliament constituency)
51°00′14″N 1°29′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.004°N 1.491°W﻿ / 51.004; -1.491

Romsey (Romsey and Waterside from 1983 to 1997) was a seat of the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1983 to 2010 which elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was similar in extent to its replacement Romsey and Southampton North which includes the Bassett and Swaythling wards of the City of Southampton.
Mitsubishi F-15J
The McDonnell Douglas - Mitsubishi F-15J/DJ Eagle is a twin-engine, all-weather air superiority fighter based on the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle in use by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). The F-15J was produced under license by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries along with McDonnell Douglas. The subsequent F-15DJ and F-15J J-MSIP (MSIP Configuration II Aircraft) variants were also produced. Japan is the largest customer of the F-15 Eagle outside the United States. In addition to combat, F-15DJ roles include training. The F-15J Kai is a modernized version of the F-15J. Kai was an early designation that has gradually subdivided; nowadays, Japan no longer uses 'kai' to refer to newly upgraded F-15Js. Instead, Japanese predominantly use J-MSIP or F-15MJ.

Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining a network of ground and air early-warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has provided air transport in UN peacekeeping missions.

The JASDF had an estimated 49,913 personnel as of 2018, and as of 2023 operates about 712 aircraft, approximately 321 of them being fighter aircraft.

The service was to be renamed in 2027 to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (航空宇宙自衛隊, Kōkū Uchū Jieitai), in recognition of the increasing importance of the space domain. However, the schedule was then changed to 2026 in the 2026 defense budget.
Bénédicte Savoy
Bénédicte Savoy (French: Bénédicte Savoy [benedikt savwa]; born 22 May 1972) is a French art historian, specialising in the critical enquiry of the provenance of works of art, including looted art and other forms of illegally acquired cultural objects.

Savoy is professor of modern art history at Technische Universität Berlin, Germany. From 2016 to 2021, she was professor for cultural history of European Artistic Heritage from the 18th to 20th centuries at the Collège de France in Paris. Commissioned by the French president in 2018, she and economist and writer Felwine Sarr from Senegal are the authors of a report on the restitution of African cultural heritage.

Looted art
Looted art has been a consequence of looting during war, natural disaster and riot for centuries. Looting of art, archaeology and other cultural property may be an opportunistic criminal act or may be a more organized case of unlawful or unethical pillage by the victor of a conflict.  The term "looted art" reflects bias, and whether particular art has been taken legally or illegally is often the subject of conflicting laws and subjective interpretations of governments and people; use of the term "looted art" in reference to a particular art object implies that the art was taken illicitly.

Related terms include art theft (the stealing of valuable artifacts, mostly because of commercial reasons), illicit antiquities (covertly traded antiquities or artifacts of archaeological interest, found in illegal or unregulated excavations), provenance (the origin or source of a piece of art), and art repatriation (the process of returning artworks and antiques to their rightful owners).
Yasuzo Shimizu
Yasuzo Shimizu (清水 安三, Shimizu Yasuzō; June 1, 1891 – January 17, 1988) was a Japanese educator and Protestant Christian missionary in China. He established the Chongzhen School for the poor in Beijing, and the Obirin University in Tokyo.

J. F. Oberlin University
J. F. Oberlin University (桜美林大学, Ōbirin daigaku) is a private university in Machida, Tokyo, Japan. The university also has campuses in Shinjuku and Tama (both in Tokyo), Fuchinobe (Kanagawa), and Hakuba (Nagano).
Nihal Bhareti
Nihal Bhareti was a radio announcer with the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation in  Colombo. He joined Radio Ceylon in the 1960s.

Bhareti joined the station when it was popular across South Asia.

He was appointed by Livy Wijemanne who was by then Director of the Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon, and presented the magazine program Radio Journal for a decade. He became Director of English Services of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation in the 1980s.

Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation
The Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි සංස්ථාව, Shrī Lankā Guvan Viduli Sansthāva, Tamil: இலங்கை ஒலிபரப்புக் கூட்டுத்தாபனம், Ilangkai Oliparappuk Kūṭṭuttāpaṉam) came into existence on 5 January 1967 when Radio Ceylon became a public corporation. Dudley Senanayake who was the Prime Minister of Ceylon in 1967 ceremonially opened the newly established Ceylon Broadcasting Corporation along with Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa and the Director-General of the CBC, Neville Jayaweera. The first board of Directors of CBC consisted of Mr Neville Jayaweera (CCS), Mr A. L. M. Hashim, Mr Dharmasiri Kuruppu, Mr K.A.G. Perera and Mr Devar Surya Sena. After the first board meeting, it was decided unanimously to appoint the chairman, Mr Jayaweera, as the new Director-General.
Perijá thistletail
The Perija thistletail (Asthenes perijana) is an Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to the Perijá Mountains in Colombia and Venezuela.

Serranía del Perijá
The Serranía del Perijá, Cordillera de Perijá or Sierra de Perijá [pe.ɾi.ˈxa] is a mountain range, an extension of the eastern Andean branch (Cordillera Oriental), in northern South America, between Colombia and Venezuela, ending farther north in the Guajira Desert, a distance of about 310 kilometres (190 mi). It separates the Maracaibo Basin from the Cesar-Ranchería Basin. Some of the area has been considered as a Flora and Fauna Sanctuary.