hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jurisprudence of interests
In European legal history and the philosophy of law, the jurisprudence of interests is a doctrine of legal positivism of the early 20th century, according to which a written law must be interpreted to reflect the interests it is to promote. The main proponents of the jurisprudence of interests were Philipp Heck, Rudolf Müller-Erzbach, Arthur F. Bentley and Roscoe Pound.

The school of legal positivism passed through the phase of the jurisprudence of interests after the jurisprudence of concepts. In the jurisprudence of interests, one interprets a law essentially in terms of the purposes it is intended to accomplish. This doctrine is characterized by the idea of obedience to law, and subsumption as the resolution of conflicts of interests in the concrete and in the abstract, whereby the interests necessary to life in society, as materialized in that law, should prevail. It is therefore a distinctly teleological school.

Jurisprudence of concepts
The jurisprudence of concepts was the first sub-school of legal positivism, according to which, the written law must reflect concepts, when interpreted. Its main representatives were Ihering, Savigny and Puchta.

This school was, thus, the preceding trigger of the idea that law comes from a dogmatic source, imposition from man over man and not a natural consequence of other sciences or of metaphysical faith.

Among the main characters of the jurisprudence of concepts are:

formalism, search of rights in written law

systemisation

search for justifying specific norm with basis from more generic ones.

So, according to this school, law should have prevailing sources based upon the legislative process, although needing to be proven by more inclusive ideas of a social sense.
Kipling station
Kipling is the western terminus station of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth of the Toronto subway system. The station is served by buses and subway trains operated by the Toronto Transit Commission and is adjacent to the Kipling GO Station on the Milton line of GO Transit and the Kipling Bus Terminal, where passengers can connect with MiWay and GO Transit bus services. It opened on November 21, 1980, as part of the extensions west, to this station, and east to Kennedy station. It is located in the Islington–City Centre West neighbourhood on St. Albans Road at Aukland Road, west of the overpass of Kipling Avenue, after which the station is named. The 900 Airport Express bus route connects Kipling to the Toronto Pearson International Airport.

Kipling Bus Terminal
Kipling Bus Terminal is a regional bus terminal in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The terminal serves MiWay and GO Transit buses. It is owned by Metrolinx and is a part of the Kipling Transit Hub, a Metrolinx mobility hub, together with Kipling station and Kipling GO Station. The terminal first opened on January 4, 2021, replacing the former MiWay bus connection to the Line 2 Bloor–Danforth subway at Islington station.
Blue Dog Coalition
The Blue Dog Coalition, or Blue Dog Caucus, commonly known as the Blue Dogs or Blue Dog Democrats, is a caucus of moderate and conservative members from the Democratic Party in the United States House of Representatives. The caucus was founded as a group of conservative Democrats in 1995 in response to defeats in the 1994 elections. Historically, the Blue Dog Coalition has been conservative, both fiscally and socially. At its peak in 2009, the Blue Dog Coalition numbered 54 members, accounting for 21% of the entire Democratic caucus at the time. As of 2026, it has 10 members, 6 of which are also members of the New Democrat Coalition.

In the late 2010s and early 2020s, the coalition's focus shifted towards ideological centrism and constituency-based politics; however, the coalition maintained an emphasis on fiscal responsibility. The Blue Dog Coalition remains the most conservative grouping of Democrats in the House.

New Democrat Coalition
The New Democrat Coalition is a caucus in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress made up of Democrats, primarily liberals and centrists, who take a pro-business stance and a liberal-to-moderate approach to fiscal matters. Most members hold socially liberal views.

The caucus has been described as being centrist to center-left.

When the 119th Congress convened on January 3, 2025, the New Democrat Coalition touted 110 members (including one nonvoting member), accounting for more than half of all Democratic representatives and making it the largest House Democratic ideological caucus, followed by the Congressional Progressive Caucus.
Arc (web browser)
Arc is a freeware web browser that was developed by The Browser Company, an American startup company founded by Josh Miller and Harsh Agrawal and owned by Atlassian since 2025. It was first released in 2023 for macOS and is also available for Windows, iOS and Android. In 2025, a blog post announced that Arc would be sunset and no longer be actively developed, as the company shifted all focus to developing its new AI browser, Dia. Arc is still maintained through Chromium and security updates.

Arc is based on Chromium and is written in Swift. It supports Google Chrome's browser extensions and uses Google Search by default.

The browser was released on 19 April 2022 via an announcement on Twitter. It had previously undergone a beta test, with the roughly 100 testers involved bound to a non-disclosure agreement. Users are only able to use the browser after signing up to an Arc account with an email address.

Chromium (web browser)
Chromium is a free and open-source web browser project, primarily developed and maintained by Google. It is a widely used codebase, providing the vast majority of code for Google Chrome and many other browsers, including Microsoft Edge, Samsung Internet, and Opera. The code is also used by several app frameworks.
Valley District
The Valley District was an organization of the Confederate States Army and subsection of the Department of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War, responsible for operations between the Blue Ridge Mountains and Allegheny Mountains of Virginia.  It was created on October 22, 1861, and was surrendered by the authority of Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.

Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union's Army of the Potomac.
Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg
Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (pronounced [ˈʁʊntfʊŋk bɛʁˌliːn ˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; "Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to RBB (pronounced [ˌɛʁbeːˈbeː] ⓘ; stylized as rbb), is an institution under public law (national broadcaster) for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg, based in Berlin and Potsdam. RBB was established on 1 May 2003 through the merger of Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) and Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB), based in Potsdam, and is a member of the Association of PSBs in the Federal Republic of Germany (ARD).

Aside from its two main studios in Berlin and Potsdam, RBB also has regional studios in Cottbus and Frankfurt (Oder), and regional offices in Perleberg and Prenzlau. RBB also operates ARD's studio in Warsaw; the responsibility changes every five years between RBB and WDR (Westdeutscher Rundfunk).  RBB also plays out ARD's digital channels from a center in Potsdam. RBB and WDR are jointly responsible for ARD's television studio in Berlin.

Westdeutscher Rundfunk
Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (pronounced [ˈvɛstˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk ˈkœln]; "West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR (pronounced [ˌveːdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. As well as contributing to the output of the national television channel Das Erste, WDR produces the regional television service WDR Fernsehen (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio networks.
Klee (surname)
Klee (Yiddish: קליי) is a German and Ashkenazi Jewish surname. Variations include Kleefeld, Kleeblatt, Kleegman, Kleiman, Kleeman and Kleeberg. In German, it means "clover" and is possibly a toponymic surname like Feldman.

According to researchers at ANU – Museum of the Jewish People, the name Klee originates from the Greek Kalonymos (Hebrew: קלונימוס), a translation of the Hebrew "shem tov" (שם טוב‎) meaning "good name". Klee is documented as a Jewish surname in Alsace in France since the 18th century, along with similar names such as Kleemann.

In France, the name is associated with the Alsatian commune of Katzenthal, near Colmar.

Kleiman
Kleiman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ariel Kleiman (born 1985), Australian director

Bernard Kleiman (1928–2006), lawyer

Dave Kleiman (1967–2013), American forensic computer expert

Devra G. Kleiman (1942–2010), American biologist

Johannes Kleiman (1896–1959), Dutch helper of the Frank family

Mark A. R. Kleiman (born 1951), American academic drug policy authority

Michael Kleiman, documentary filmmaker

Naum Kleiman (born 1937), historian of cinema

Pascal Kleiman (born 1968), disc jockey

Steven Kleiman (born 1942), American mathematician

Vladimir Kleiman (1930–2014), Russian scientist

Zach Kleiman (born 1988), American basketball executive
KXXR
KXXR (93.7 FM) is an active rock radio station broadcasting to the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.  It is owned by Cumulus Media, which also owns KQRS-FM along with WGVX, WLUP, and WWWM. Its transmitter is located in Shoreview, Minnesota. Its studios are in Northeast Minneapolis in the Como district.

KQRS-FM
KQRS-FM (92.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Golden Valley, Minnesota. Owned by Cumulus Media, it broadcasts a mainstream rock format serving the Minneapolis–Saint Paul market. Its studios are located in the Como district of Minneapolis, while it transmits from the KMSP-TV tower in Shoreview.

KQRS’s format is described as mainstream rock. It normally plays a lot of ‘90s alternative rock along with some 2000s and ‘80s alternative and some classic rock and music by Minnesota-based artists. KQRS was a classic rock station until 2025, when it relaunched to change to its current format.
Aspropaxillus giganteus
Aspropaxillus giganteus, formerly Leucopaxillus giganteus, commonly known as the giant leucopax (formerly as the giant clitocybe) or the giant funnel, is a saprobic species of fungus in the order Agaricales. As its common names imply, the fruit body, or mushroom, can become quite large—the cap reaches diameters of up to 50 cm (20 in). It has a white or pale cream cap, and is funnel-shaped when mature, with the gills running down the length of the stem.

The species has a cosmopolitan distribution and is typically found growing in groups or rings in grassy pastures, roadside hedges, or woodland clearings. It is considered by some to be a choice edible when young, and has been shown to contain a bioactive compound with antibiotic properties.

Fairy ring
A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by sporocarps (fungal spore pods) in rings or arcs, as well as by a necrotic zone (dead grass), or a ring of dark green grass. Fungus mycelium is present in the ring or arc underneath. The rings may grow to over 10 metres (33 ft) in diameter, and they become stable over time as the fungus grows and seeks food underground.

Fairy rings are the subject of much folklore and myth worldwide, particularly in Western Europe. They are alternately seen as hazardous or dangerous places linked with witches or the Devil, or as a sign of good fortune.
Methoxsalen
Methoxsalen (or Xanthotoxin, 8-methoxypsoralen) sold under the brand name Oxsoralen and Melanocyl among others, is a medication used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some cutaneous lymphomas in conjunction with exposing the skin to ultraviolet (UVA) light from lamps or sunlight. Methoxsalen modifies the way skin cells receive the UVA radiation, allegedly clearing up the disease. Levels of individual patient PUVA exposure were originally determined using the Fitzpatrick scale. The scale was developed after patients demonstrated symptoms of phototoxicity after oral ingestion of methoxsalen followed by PUVA therapy.
Chemically, methoxsalen is a derivative of psoralen and belongs to a class of organic natural molecules known as furanocoumarins. They consist of coumarin annulated with furan. It can also be injected and used topically.

Psoralen
Psoralen (also called psoralene) is the parent compound in a family of naturally occurring organic compounds known as the linear furanocoumarins. It is structurally related to coumarin by the addition of a fused furan ring, and may be considered as a derivative of umbelliferone. Psoralen occurs naturally in the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, as well as in the common fig, celery, parsley, West Indian satinwood, and in all citrus fruits. It is widely used in PUVA (psoralen + UVA) treatment for psoriasis, eczema,  vitiligo, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; these applications are typically through the use of medications such as Methoxsalen.  Many furanocoumarins are extremely toxic to fish, and some are deposited in streams in Indonesia to catch fish.
New York State Route 116
New York State Route 116 (NY 116) is an east–west state highway in Westchester County, New York, in the United States. It extends for 8.12 miles (13.07 km) from an intersection with U.S. Route 202 (US 202) in the town of Somers to the Connecticut state line, where it becomes that state's Route 116. As it heads east, NY 116 connects to Interstate 684 (I-684) and has an overlap with NY 121. NY 116 originally extended as far west as Peekskill when it was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. It was cut back to its current length in the late 1930s.

New York State Route 121
New York State Route 121 (NY 121) is a north–south state highway in the Hudson Valley of New York, United States. It begins in northern Westchester County at an intersection with NY 22 in Bedford and extends for 15.56 miles (25.04 km) to a junction with U.S. Route 6 and U.S. Route 202 (US 6 and US 202) east of the village of Brewster in Putnam County. As the route heads north, it briefly overlaps with NY 35 and NY 116 in Westchester County and connects to Interstate 84 (I-84) in Putnam County. NY 121 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.
Role-playing game theory
Role-playing game theory is the study of role-playing games (RPGs) as a social or artistic phenomenon, also known as ludology. RPG theories seek to understand what role-playing games are, how they function, and how the gaming process can be refined in order to improve the play experience and produce better game products.

Notable theories about tabletop role-playing games include the Threefold model and GNS theory, which developed in conversation with the indie role-playing game forum The Forge in the early 2000s. Notable theories about live action role-playing games include the Meilahti School, the Turku School, and Emancipatory Bleed, which developed in conversation with the Knutepunkt convention in Scandinavia.

Threefold model
The threefold model or GDS theory of roleplaying games is an attempt to distinguish three different goals in roleplaying. In its original formation, these are: Drama, simulation, and game. It was the inspiration for subsequent theories, such as the GNS theory, which retained a three-way division but altered other aspects of the model.
Eastbourne railway station
Eastbourne railway station serves the seaside town of Eastbourne in East Sussex, England. It is on the East Coastway Line. The station is managed by Southern, who operate all trains serving it. It is one of two railway stations in the town, the other being Hampden Park Station. There are also two other stations in the Eastbourne area, one being Pevensey & Westham, in nearby Westham (near Pevensey), the other being Polegate.

Most passenger services along the coast served the station, as they do today.  Trains reverse at the station to continue their journey along the East Coastway by using a junction north of Hampden Park railway station; services run either east (to Bexhill, Hastings and Ashford International) or west via Lewes (to Brighton or London Victoria) from the station.

Hastings railway station
Hastings railway station is the southern terminus of the Hastings line in the south of England and is one of four stations that serve the town of Hastings, East Sussex. It is also on the East Coastway line to Eastbourne and the Marshlink line to Ashford International. It is 62 miles 33 chains (100.4 km) from London Charing Cross measured via Chelsfield and Battle; and 82 miles 33 chains (132.6 km) from Charing Cross via Chelsfield and Ashford.

The station is managed by Southeastern, which is one of two train operating companies at the station, alongside Southern, who operate the most services.
Wiston Castle
Wiston Castle (Welsh: Castell Cas-wis) is a motte and bailey castle in the Pembrokeshire village of Wiston in south west Wales and is one of the best examples of its type in Wales. The castle and village were founded by Wizo, a Flemish settler who was granted the land by Henry I of England after he had wrested control from the previous owner, Arnulf de Montgomery (who was in revolt against Henry). The castle was captured by the Welsh on several occasions but on each occasion it was retaken. It was abandoned during the thirteenth century when the then owner moved to nearby Picton Castle.

The castle is situated opposite St Mary Magdalene Church and there are approximately 50 steps leading up to it. It is in the care of Cadw and is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled Monument.

Picton Castle
Picton Castle (Welsh: Castell Pictwn) is a medieval castle near Haverfordwest in the community of Uzmaston, Boulston and Slebech, Pembrokeshire, Wales. Originally built at the end of the 13th century by a Flemish knight, it later came into the hands of Sir John Wogan. The castle and gardens are now owned and managed by the Picton Castle Trust, a registered charity, for the benefit of the public. It is of unusual construction and has been remodelled several times during its history. The castle is a Grade I listed building and its gardens and park are designated at Grade II* on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Grayslake, Illinois
Grayslake is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The village's population at the 2020 census was 21,248. It is located in the Chicago metropolitan area, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Chicago's downtown, 14 miles (23 km) west of Lake Michigan, and 15 miles (24 km) south of the Wisconsin border.

Grayslake is home to the College of Lake County, Grayslake North High School, Grayslake Central High School, the University Center of Lake County and the Lake County Fairgrounds. At the south end of Grayslake, there are plans for a 641-acre (259 ha) development containing light industry, office space and residential space.

College of Lake County
The College of Lake County, commonly referred to as CLC, is a public community college in Lake County, Illinois. CLC's primary campus is located in Grayslake and two other campuses exist in nearby Waukegan and Vernon Hills. It is located in the greater Chicago metro area and sits about 46 miles north of the city. In 1967, a referendum passed establishing the CLC community college district and classes began in 1969. It enrolls about 15,000 students in transfer programs, career programs, GED and adult basic education, non-credit and career development, and training for businesses.
Communicatio in sacris
In the Catholic Church, communicatio in sacris ("communion in sacred [things]"; also translated as "worship in common": n.8 ), also called communicatio in divinis ("communion in divine [things]") or communicatio in ritibus ("communion in rites"), designates the regulations for the partaking of a Catholic person to a non-Catholic sacrament or liturgical celebration, or for the partaking of a non-Catholic person to a Catholic sacrament or liturgical celebration. The expression is also used to refer to said acts of partaking themselves.

Communicatio in sacris is legislated mainly by two canons: canon 844 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, and canon 671 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

Canon (canon law)
In canon law, a canon designates some law promulgated by a synod, an ecumenical council, or an individual bishop.

The word "canon" comes from the Greek kanon, which in its original usage denoted a straight rod that was later the instrument used by architects and artificers as a measuring stick for making straight lines. Kanon eventually came to mean a rule or norm, so that when the first ecumenical council—Nicaea I—was held in 325, kanon started to obtain the restricted juridical denotation of a law promulgated by a synod or ecumenical council, as well as that of an individual bishop.
Fernvale, Singapore
Fernvale is a neighbourhood of Sengkang New Town in Singapore. It is located between Sungei Punggol and the proposed Sengkang West Industrial Estate. The house numbers of the public apartment blocks in Fernvale begin with the number '4' (4xx). Fernvale is the newest neighbourhood in Sengkang Town to be completed by the Housing and Development Board (HDB). Seletar Mall, a new shopping amenity which houses Sengkang's first cineplex, is located within this neighbourhood. In 2017, a proposed community facility to be located next to Seletar Mall was announced, which houses a community club, childcare centre, hawker centre and wet market. The community facility which was slated to be ready by the second half of 2020, had stopped construction in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 measures set by the government. Construction of the facility has since continued in the second half of 2020 and was completed in 2022.

Seletar Mall
The Seletar Mall (Chinese: 利达广场) is a suburban shopping mall located in Fernvale, Singapore, next to Fernvale LRT station. Construction of the mall started in late 2012 and was opened in November 2014.
Mitsuko Horie
Mitsuko Horie (Japanese: 堀江 美都子, Hepburn: Horie Mitsuko; born March 8, 1957) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer from Yamato, Kanagawa. She is known as the "Queen of the Anison World" (アニソン界の女王, Anison-kai no Joō).

Horie has voiced several characters throughout her career, such as Sailor Galaxia in Sailor Moon Sailor Stars and Remi in the Nippon Animation World Masterpiece Theater series Remi, Nobody's Girl. She is also part of the judging panel at the Animax Anison Grand Prix, with fellow singers Ichirou Mizuki, and Yumi Matsuzawa. As a voice actress, she is contracted to Aoni Production.

Ichirou Mizuki
Toshio Hayakawa (早川 俊夫, Hayakawa Toshio, January 7, 1948 – December 6, 2022), better known by his stage name Ichirou Mizuki (水木 一郎, Mizuki Ichirō), was a Japanese singer, lyricist, composer, voice actor and actor best known for his work on theme songs for anime and tokusatsu. For  over 50 years, he had recorded over 1,200 songs for Japanese film, television, video and video games. He was referred to by fans and fellow performers alike as the Aniki (アニキ, "big brother") of the anison, or anime music genre. He produced the singing duo Apple Pie since 1990 and created the Anison band JAM Project in 2000.