hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
VIN etching
In the United States, VIN etching is a countermeasure to motor vehicle theft, that involves etching a vehicle's VIN onto its windows to reduce the value of a stolen vehicle to thieves. The Federal Trade Commission includes VIN etching on a list of upsold services including extended warranties, service and maintenance plans, payment programs, guaranteed automobile or asset protection, emergency road service, and other theft protection devices, and warns consumers about the practice of upselling when buying a vehicle.

Vehicle identification number
A vehicle identification number (VIN; also called a chassis number or frame number) is a unique code, including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds, as defined by the International Organization for Standardization in ISO 3779 (content and structure) and ISO 4030 (location and attachment).

There are vehicle history services in several countries that help potential car owners use VINs to find vehicles that are defective or have been written off.
Carnival Dream
Carnival Dream is a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. She is the lead ship of her namesake class, which includes Carnival Magic, Carnival Breeze, and Costa Diadema. Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was floated out on October 24, 2008, and christened by Marcia Gay Harden.

At 128,250 GT, Carnival Dream was once the largest Carnival Cruise Ship. It lost this title to the Carnival Magic, when she was introduced in 2011.

Carnival Magic
Carnival Magic is a Dream-class cruise ship which entered service on 1 May 2011. The ship was named and christened in Venice by her godmother Lindsey Wilkerson Alsup, a former patient and current employee at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
Back-side bus
In personal computer microprocessor architecture, a back-side bus (BSB), or backside bus, was a computer bus used on early Intel platforms to connect the CPU to CPU cache memory, usually off-die L2. If a design utilizes a back-side bus along with a front-side bus (FSB), the design is said to use a dual-bus architecture, or in Intel's terminology Dual Independent Bus (DIB) architecture. The back-side bus architecture evolved when newer processors like the second-generation Pentium III began to incorporate on-die L2 cache, which at the time was advertised as Advanced Transfer Cache, but Intel continued to refer to the Dual Independent Bus till the end of Pentium III.

System bus
A system bus is a single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system,
combining the functions of a data bus to carry information, an address bus to determine where it should be sent or read from, and a control bus to determine its operation.  The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity, and although popular in the 1970s and 1980s, more modern computers use a variety of separate buses adapted to more specific needs.

The system level bus (as distinct from a CPU's internal datapath busses) connects the CPU to memory and I/O devices.
Typically a system level bus is designed for use as a backplane.
Novelty (patent)
Novelty is one of the patentability requirements for a patent claim, whose purpose is to prevent issuing patents on known things, i.e. to prevent public knowledge from being taken away from the public domain.

An invention is anticipated (i.e. not new) and therefore not patentable if it was known to the public before the priority date of the patent application. Although the concept of "novelty" in patent law appears simple and self-explanatory, this view is very far from reality. Some of the most contentious questions of novelty comprise:

inventor's own prior disclosures (only a few countries provide a grace period, most notably, 1 year in the US);

new uses of known things, such as pharmaceuticals;

a broader question of (2) is inherent anticipation;

patenting things, which are newly discovered in (or isolated from) nature (see Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.) This question overlaps with patentable subject matter.

Patentable subject matter
Patentable, statutory or patent-eligible subject matter is subject matter of an invention that is considered appropriate for patent protection in a given jurisdiction. The laws and practices of many countries stipulate that certain types of inventions should be denied patent protection. Together with criteria such as novelty, inventive step or nonobviousness, utility (or industrial applicability), which differ from country to country, the question of whether a particular subject matter is patentable is one of the substantive requirements for patentability.

The problem of patentable subject matter arises usually in cases of biological and software inventions, and much less frequently in other areas of technology.
Campos de Sports de Ñuñoa
33°27′26″S 70°36′34″W﻿ / ﻿33.457288°S 70.609445°W﻿ / -33.457288; -70.609445

Campos de Sports de Ñuñoa (English: Ñuñoa sports fields) was a multi-use stadium in Santiago, Chile. It was the home ground of the Chile national football team until the current Estadio Nacional de Chile opened in 1938.  The stadium held 20,000 spectators.  It hosted the Copa America tournament  in 1926. Campos de Sports de Ñuñoa was the second of four stadiums that have been owned by the chilean club  Universidad Católica, preceded by the Estadio Universidad Católica, and followed by the Estadio Independencia and the Estadio San Carlos de Apoquindo (currently known as Claro Arena for commercial reasons).

Claro Arena
Claro Arena, formerly known as Estadio San Carlos de Apoquindo, is a football stadium, in Las Condes in the metropolitan region of Santiago de Chile. The stadium, located into the San Carlos de Apoquindo Sports Complex was built in 1988 and currently holds 20,249 people. It is used mostly for home matches stadium of the Chilean first division club Universidad Católica, which also owns the stadium.

The stadium hosted an Copa Interamericana final, among other events such as Copa Libertadores, Copa Sudamericana and Copa Mercosur matches. Chilean league championships and cups have been held at this venue, mostly in favor of Universidad Católica.
Allan ministry (2023)
The Allan ministry is the 72nd and current ministry of the Government of Victoria. The Labor government, led by Premier Jacinta Allan and Deputy Premier Ben Carroll, was officially sworn in following the resignation of Daniel Andrews and dissolution of the Third Andrews ministry.

On the 27th of September 2023, only Allan was sworn in as Premier.

The full ministry was sworn in on the 2nd of October 2023. At this time, the ministry consisted of 22 ministers, fifteen of whom are women.

Third Andrews ministry
The Third Andrews ministry was the 71st ministry of the Government of Victoria. The Labor government, led by Premier Daniel Andrews and Deputy Premier Jacinta Allan, was officially sworn in on 5 December 2022, following the party's third consecutive victory at the 2022 state election, which was held on 26 November 2022.

At the time of its formation the ministry consisted of 22 ministers, fourteen of whom were women.

The Third Andrews ministry succeeded the Second Andrews ministry. It dissolved upon the resignation of Daniel Andrews as premier on 27 September 2023 and was succeeded by the Allan ministry.
New York State Route 137
New York State Route 137 (NY 137) is a 5.51-mile (8.87 km) long state highway in Westchester County, New York, in the United States. The route is a continuation of Connecticut's Route 137, which links NY 137 to Stamford, Connecticut. NY 137 goes through the hamlet of Pound Ridge and ends at NY 121 north of the hamlet of Bedford, locally known as Bedford Village.

New York State Route 121
New York State Route 121 (NY 121) is a north–south state highway in the Hudson Valley of New York, United States. It begins in northern Westchester County at an intersection with NY 22 in Bedford and extends for 15.56 miles (25.04 km) to a junction with U.S. Route 6 and U.S. Route 202 (US 6 and US 202) east of the village of Brewster in Putnam County. As the route heads north, it briefly overlaps with NY 35 and NY 116 in Westchester County and connects to Interstate 84 (I-84) in Putnam County. NY 121 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.
Raleigh IceCaps
The Raleigh IceCaps were a professional minor league ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. They joined the East Coast Hockey League in 1991, bringing a pro hockey team to the state's capital for the first time. Over seven seasons, the IceCaps cultivated a dedicated regional following and served as a development stop on the path to higher leagues. In 1998, the franchise moved to Augusta, Georgia and was reborn as the Augusta Lynx after the National Hockey League arrived in the region. Although the team never captured a division title or league championship, its tenure laid the groundwork for hockey in Raleigh.

Augusta Lynx
The Augusta Lynx were a minor-league professional ice hockey team based in Augusta, Georgia.  The Lynx played their home games at the James Brown Arena. The Lynx, who played in the ECHL, had affiliations with the Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL and the Norfolk Admirals of the AHL.

The team was named for The Masters golf tournament held annually in Augusta, with the "Lynx" name a play on the golf term "hitting the links".  The Lynx folded midway through the 2008–09 season on December 2, 2008, when it was announced that they were suspending operations and voluntarily relinquishing their league membership. The Lynx failure marked the first time in the ECHL's history a franchise folded mid-season.
Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad
The Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad (reporting mark PSR), also known as the Shawmut Line, was a short line railroad company operating passenger and freight service on standard gauge track in central and southwestern Pennsylvania. Since 2004, it has been operated as part of the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad, which is owned by Genesee & Wyoming Inc.

Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad
The Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad (reporting mark BPRR) is a Class II railroad operating in New York and Pennsylvania.

The BPRR is owned by Genesee & Wyoming. Its main line runs between Buffalo, New York, and Eidenau, Pennsylvania, north of Pittsburgh. Here, connections are made to the city center via the Allegheny Valley Railroad. The system runs largely on former Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) lines. The entire BPRR system is 659 miles (1,061 km).

Major commodities carried include paper, petroleum products, chemicals, coal, steel, and sand.
Kraken Regiment
The Kraken Regiment (Ukrainian: Спецпідрозділ "Kraken", romanized: Spetspidrozdil "Kraken") is a Ukrainian military volunteer unit, part of the spetsnaz units of the Main Directorate of Intelligence of Ukraine (HUR) formed in 2022 as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Named after the mythical sea creature, the regiment was formed by veterans of the Azov Regiment and has successfully liberated several occupied villages during the fighting, later also taking part in counter offensives and sabotage operations, becoming one of the more high-profile volunteer units in the war.

Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)
The Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Головне управління розвідки Міністерства оборони України, ГУР МОУ, romanized: Holovne upravlinnia rozvidky Ministerstva oborony Ukrainy, GUR / HUR MO), also known in English as the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine (DIU), is the military intelligence service of the Ukrainian government. It is an agency of the Ministry of Defence, not the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Unlike the intelligence agencies of many countries, the HUR is not restricted to intelligence-gathering but also carries out military operations.
Offences Against the Person Act 1828
The Offences Against the Person Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 31), also known as Lord Lansdowne's Act, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated for England and Wales provisions in the law related to offences against the person (an expression which, in particular, includes offences of violence) from a number of earlier piecemeal statutes into a single act.  Among the laws it replaced was clause XXXVI of Magna Carta, the first time any part of Magna Carta was repealed, and the Buggery Act 1533 (25 Hen. 8. c. 6). The act also abolished the crime of petty treason.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes.

Similar provision was made for Ireland by the Offences Against the Person (Ireland) Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 34) and for India by the Criminal Law (India) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 74).

Peel's Acts
Peel's Acts (as they are commonly known) were Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. They consolidated provisions from a large number of earlier statutes which were then repealed. Their purpose was to simplify the criminal law. The term refers to the Home Secretary who sponsored them, Sir Robert Peel.

Some writers apply the term Peel's Acts to the series of acts passed between 1826 and 1832. Other writers apply the term Peel's Acts specifically to five of those acts, namely chapters 27 to 31 of the session 7 & 8 Geo. 4 (1827).

According to some writers, the Criminal Law Act 1826 (7 Geo. 4. c. 64) was the first of Peel's Acts.

The acts were the product of a failed attempt to codify the criminal law.
Clioquinol
Clioquinol (iodochlorhydroxyquin) tradename Entero-Vioform is an antifungal drug and antiprotozoal drug.  It is neurotoxic in large doses.  It is a member of a family of drugs called hydroxyquinolines which inhibit certain enzymes related to DNA replication.  The drugs have been found to have activity against both viral and protozoal infections.

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
Facial canal
The facial canal (also known as the Fallopian canal) is a Z-shaped canal in the temporal bone of the skull. It extends between the internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen. It transmits the facial nerve (CN VII) (after which it is named).

Stylomastoid foramen
The stylomastoid foramen is a foramen between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone of the skull. It is the termination of the facial canal, and transmits the facial nerve, and stylomastoid artery. Facial nerve inflammation in the stylomastoid foramen may cause Bell's palsy.
Griffith Park
Griffith Park is a large municipal park at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, ranging from the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California to the San Fernando Valley. The park includes popular attractions such as the Los Angeles Zoo, the Autry Museum of the American West, the Griffith Observatory, and the Hollywood Sign. Due to its appearance in many films, the park is among the most famous municipal parks in North America.

It has been compared to Central Park in New York City and Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks. The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014. The park covers 4,310 acres (1,740 ha) of land, making it "the largest municipal park with urban wilderness area in the United States."

Los Angeles Zoo
The Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens is a 133-acre (54 ha) zoo founded in 1966 and located in Los Angeles, California, United States. The city of Los Angeles owns the zoo, its land and facilities, and the animals.
Winnetka School District 36
Winnetka School District 36 is an elementary school district based in Winnetka, Cook County, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago that is due north of the city. The district is composed of five schools: three neighborhood elementary schools, and two middle schools. All schools are located within Winnetka boundaries.

Winnetka, Illinois
Winnetka (/wɪˈnɛtkə/) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, 16 miles (26 km) north of downtown Chicago. The population was 12,508 as of the 2026 census. The village is one of the wealthiest places in the United States in terms of household income. It was the second-ranked Illinois community on Bloomberg's 2019 Richest Places Annual Index. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Winnetka's median household income exceeded $250,000 in 2023.
Bellamy's Organic
Bellamy's Organic is an Australian organic infant formula and baby food producer, and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Bellamy's Australia (formerly Tasmanian Pure Foods Ltd) before being acquired by China Mengniu Dairy.

Bellamy's Australia
Bellamy's Australia (formerly Tasmanian Pure Foods Ltd) is a major Australian food and beverage company, and is the parent company of Bellamy's Organic, Australia's largest organic infant formula producer.
Lake County, Ohio
Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 232,603. Its county seat is Painesville, and its largest city is Mentor.

The county was established on March 6, 1840, from land given by Cuyahoga and Geauga counties. Its name is derived from its location on the southern shore of Lake Erie and the fact that the majority of the county’s land lies beneath Lake Erie. Lake County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Cuyahoga County (/ˌkaɪ.əˈhɒɡə/ KY-ə-HOG-ə or /ˌkaɪ.əˈhoʊɡə/ KY-ə-HOH-gə, see Cuyahoga River § Pronunciation) is a large urban county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The county seat and most populous city is Cleveland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,264,817, making it the second-most populous county in the state.

Cuyahoga County is situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S.–Canada maritime border. The county is bisected by the Cuyahoga River, after which it was named. "Cuyahoga" is an Iroquoian word meaning "crooked river". It is the core county of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area and Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College
Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College, Dhaka (SMAMC) (Bengali: শহীদ মনসুর আলী মেডিকেল কলেজ, ঢাকা) is a private medical college in Uttara Model Town, Uttara, Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It is affiliated with the University of Dhaka.

It offers a five-year course of study leading to a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree. A one-year internship after graduation is compulsory for all the graduates. The degree is recognised by the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council.

Uttara (neighbourhood)
Uttara Model Town or simply Uttara (Bengali: উত্তরা, romanized: Uttôrā, lit. 'The North [of Dhaka]'; IPA: [ut̪ːɔɹa]) is a neighbourhood of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It lies on the road to Gazipur, and adjoins Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport.
Operation Hydra (1943)
Operation Hydra was an attack by RAF Bomber Command on a German scientific research centre at Peenemünde on the night of 17/18 August 1943. Group Captain John Searby, commanding officer of No. 83 Squadron RAF, commanded the operation, the first time that Bomber Command used a master bomber to direct the attack of the main force.

Hydra was the first operation against the German V-weapon programme, a campaign later known as "Crossbow". The British lost 40 bombers and 215 aircrew, and several hundred enslaved workers in the nearby Trassenheide forced labour camp were killed. The Luftwaffe lost twelve night-fighters and about 170 German civilian personnel were killed, including two V-2 rocket scientists.

Assessments of the raids effectiveness vary; the United States Strategic Bombing Survey (1945) called the raid "not effective", while in 2006 the historian Adam Tooze judged that it had been highly successful.

Peenemünde Army Research Center
The Peenemünde Army Research Center (German: Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde,  HVP) was founded in 1937 as one of five military proving grounds under the German Army Weapons Office (Heereswaffenamt).: 85  Several German guided missiles and rockets of World War II were developed by the HVP, including the V-2 rocket. The works were attacked by the British in Operation Crossbow from August 1943, before falling to the Soviets in May 1945.
Dikwa Emirate
The Dikwa Emirate is a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. Alongside the more senior Borno Emirate, the Dikwa Emirate is a remnant of the regime of the old Kanem–Bornu Empire, ruled by dynasts of the final Bornoan ruling dynasty (the al-Kanemi dynasty). The division of the Borno and Dikwa emirates can be traced back to the partitioning of the old empire's territory between British, French, and German colonial spheres of influence.

The Dikwa Emirate encompasses three Local Government Areas (Dikwa, Ngala, and Kala-Balge). The emirate also encompassed a fourth LGA, Bama, until it was separated into the distinct Bama Emirate in 2010.

Bama Emirate
The Bama Emirate is a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria. The Bama Emirate was split from the Dikwa Emirate in 2010 and is governed by a branch of its ruling dynasty (the al-Kanemi dynasty). The emirate encompasses one Local Government Area, Bama itself, which previously served as the seat of the Dikwa Emirate.
Atteva
Atteva is a genus of moths in the monotypic family Attevidae. The group has a pantropical distribution; however, the range of at least one species, Atteva aurea, extends into the temperate zone. No consistent hypotheses regarding the relationships, placement, and ranking of Attevidae have been published, but the prevalent view is that they likely form a monophyletic group within the Yponomeutoidea.

Ailanthus webworm
The Ailanthus Webworm (Atteva aurea) is an ermine moth found commonly in the United States. This small, colorful moth resembles a true bug or beetle when not in flight, but when in flight it resembles a wasp. Its original range included the American tropics since its host tree (Paradise Tree) is found in this geographic range.  It has expanded its range North as it has adapted to live and feed on Ailanthus altissima.
Sancho II of Pamplona
Sancho Garcés II (Basque: Antso II.a Gartzez, c. 938 – 994), also known as Sancho II, was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 970 until his death in 994. He was the eldest son of García Sánchez I of Pamplona and Andregoto Galíndez. He recognised the Kingdom of Viguera during his reign.

García Sánchez I of Pamplona
García Sánchez I (Basque: Gartzea I.a Santxez; c. 919 – 22 February 970), was the king of Pamplona from 925 until his death in 970. He was the second king of the Jiménez dynasty, succeeding his father when he was merely six years old.