hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Golunov
Ivan Valentinovich Golunov (Russian: Ива́н Валенти́нович Голуно́в; born 19 January 1983) is a Russian investigative journalist and anti-corruption reporter currently working for the independent outlet Meduza.

He came to public attention in June 2019 when he was arrested and charged with a drug-related crime by the Moscow city police; he was later released after widespread public outcry, which alleged that the case was fabricated to silence Golunov's investigations into corruption. Golunov's arrest has attracted much attention from the Russian internet and social media community and has spurred criticism of abuse of power by the police.

Meduza
Meduza (Russian: Медуза, named after the Greek mythological figure Medusa) is a Russian and English-language independent news website, headquartered in Riga, Latvia. It was founded in 2014 by a group of former employees of the then-independent Lenta.ru news website. Free mobile applications for iOS, Windows Phone, and Android became the basis of the media.
Louisiana Highway 3127
Louisiana Highway 3127 (LA 3127)  is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Ascension, St. James, St. John the Baptist, and St. Charles Parishes.  It spans 42.1 miles (67.8 km) in a northwest to southeast direction.  It parallels LA 18 along the west bank of the Mississippi River, providing a much shorter inland bypass of the River Road.  It is bannered in all four cardinal directions depending upon the part of the route.

St. James Parish, Louisiana
St. James Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Jacques) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Convent. The parish was created in 1807. St. James Parish is a part of the New Orleans–Metairie, Louisiana metropolitan statistical area, sitting between New Orleans and Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,192.
Puhoi River
The Puhoi River is a river of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows southeast from its sources 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Warkworth, passing through the town of Puhoi before reaching the coast of Whangaparaoa Bay seven kilometres north of Orewa.

Puhoi, New Zealand
Puhoi is a village in New Zealand, located on the banks of the Puhoi River. The settlement was founded by German Bohemian immigrants in the 1860s. Puhoi has several historic buildings and part of the village is designated as a protected heritage area.
North American Soccer League on television
North American Soccer League (NASL) was a professional soccer league with teams in the United States and Canada that operated from 1968 to 1984. Beginning in 1975, the league final was called the Soccer Bowl.

Soccer Bowl
The Soccer Bowl was the annual championship game of the North American Soccer League (NASL), which ran from 1968 to 1984. The two top teams from the playoffs faced off in the final to determine the winner of the NASL Trophy. From the league's founding in 1968 through 1974, the championship game (or series, as it was played through 1971) was known as the NASL Championship Final, and in 1984 the single game was replaced by a best-of-three series known as the Soccer Bowl Series.
Nancy Binay
Maria Lourdes Nancy Sombillo Binay Angeles (born May 12, 1973) is a Filipino politician who is serving as the 22nd mayor of Makati since June 30, 2025. She previously served as a senator of the Philippines from 2013 to 2025.

Binay is the daughter of former Vice President Jejomar Binay. Without any prior experience in government, Binay placed a bid for a seat in the Senate in the 2013 elections and won, placing fifth overall. After being elected, Binay chaired both the Cultural Communities and the Tourism committees of the Senate in the 17th Congress. Binay was re-elected in the 2019 elections for a second consecutive term.

Jejomar Binay Jr.
Jejomar Erwin "Junjun" Sombillo Binay Jr. (born July 12, 1977) is a Filipino politician who served as the mayor of Makati from 2010 to 2015. He is the only son of former Vice President Jejomar Binay. He was initially dismissed from office by the Ombudsman of the Philippines but this decision was overturned by the Court of Appeals in a ruling dated May 3, 2018. He is perpetually banned from holding public office after the Court of Appeals affirmed on May 28, 2019, charges of grave misconduct, dishonesty and conduct prejudicial to the best interest of the service over the construction of a Makati school building.
B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
B Battery (2nd City of London Horse Artillery), Honourable Artillery Company was a horse artillery battery that was formed from the Field Artillery, HAC in 1899.  It transferred to the Territorial Force in 1908 as artillery support for the South Eastern Mounted Brigade.

It saw active service during the First World War in the Middle East, notably at Aden and in particular in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, from 1915 to 1918.

The second line battery – 2/B Battery, HAC – was formed in 1914 and served on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of an Army Field Artillery Brigade; the third line – B (Reserve) Battery, HAC – was formed in 1915 to provide trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line batteries.

Post war, the battery, along with A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company, was amalgamated with the City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) to form the 11th (Honourable Artillery Company and City of London Yeomanry) Brigade, RHA.

Berkshire Royal Horse Artillery
The Berkshire Royal Horse Artillery was a Territorial Force Royal Horse Artillery battery that was formed in Berkshire in 1908.  It saw active service during the First World War in the Middle East, notably at Aden and in particular in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, from 1915 to 1918.  A second line battery, 2/1st Berkshire RHA, served on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of an Army Field Artillery Brigade.  After the Armistice, it was reconstituted as a Royal Field Artillery battery of the Territorial Army (TA), later being expanded into a full heavy anti-aircraft (HAA) regiment that served during the Second World War in the Battle of Britain and Blitz, in the assault landings in North Africa (Operation Torch), Sicily (Operation Husky) and Italy (Operation Avalanche). Postwar, it continued in the TA until 1968.
Dhe (Cyrillic)
Ze with descender or Dhe (Ҙ ҙ; italics: Ҙ ҙ), is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in both the Bashkir and Wakhi languages, where it represents the voiced dental fricative /ð/ (like the th in this) and the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate /d͡z/ (like the ds in lads) respectively. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter Ze (З з З з). It is romanized as Z with acute ⟨ź⟩ for Bashkir, and corresponds with Ezh ⟨ʒ⟩ in the Latin script of the Wakhi language and the Shughni language.

The letter itself was introduced in 1939.

Ze (Cyrillic)
Ze (З з; italics: З з or З з; italics: З з) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

It commonly represents the voiced alveolar fricative /z/, like the pronunciation of ⟨z⟩ in "zulu".

Ze is romanized using the Latin letter ⟨z⟩.

The shape of Ze is very similar to the Arabic numeral three ⟨3⟩, and should not be confused with the Cyrillic letter E ⟨Э⟩.
Kent Sprague
Kent Sprague aka Butch Dubarri is a singer, drummer and composer. During the 1960s, his band Kent & the Candidates backed Brenton Wood, playing on two of the singer's hits. He was also a member of Boones Farm in the early 1970s and later one half of the duo Dalton & Dubarri who had a hit with "I (You) Can Dance All By My (Your) Self" and "'Til the Day I Started Lovin' You".

Boones Farm (band)
Boones Farm were an early 1970s country rock band who were signed to the Columbia label. Releasing an album and two singles, they had some chart success with the song "If You Can't Be My Woman". Two of the group's members would later become the Dalton & Dubarri duo.
Gina Miles (singer)
Gina Miles (born November 6, 2003) is an American pop singer-songwriter. She is the winner of season 23 of the American talent competition The Voice with the closest margin to-date, She competed on the team coached by Niall Horan, giving Horan his first win as a coach on the show.

The Voice (American TV series) season 23
The twenty-third season of the American reality television series The Voice premiered on March 6, 2023, on NBC. The season is presented by Carson Daly, who returned for his twenty-third season as host. The panel of coaches for the season consists of Blake Shelton, who returned for his twenty-third and final season as a coach; returning coach Kelly Clarkson, who returned for her ninth season after a one-season hiatus; and debuting coaches Chance the Rapper and Niall Horan.

Gina Miles was named the winner of the season, with the closest margin to-date, marking Niall Horan's first win as a coach, with Horan becoming the third new coach, after Kelly Clarkson and John Legend, to win on his debut season, as well as the youngest coach to win a season.
David French
David Austin French (born January 24, 1969) is an American political commentator and former attorney. He is a columnist for The New York Times and a visiting professor of public policy at Lipscomb University. He was formerly senior editor of The Dispatch, a fellow at the National Review Institute, and a staff writer for National Review.

The Dispatch
The Dispatch is an American center-right subscription-based online magazine founded by Jonah Goldberg, Stephen F. Hayes, and Toby Stock. Several of The Dispatch's staff (including Hayes) are alumni of The Weekly Standard, which is now defunct, and National Review. The Dispatch acquired the law blog SCOTUSblog in 2025.
Topo (climbing)
In climbing, a topo (short for topology) is a graphical representation of a climbing route. Topos range from a photograph of the climb on which the line of the route is overlaid, to a detailed diagram of the key features and challenges of the climb, which are typically represented as standardized UIAA topo symbols.

Climbing guidebooks compile topos for routes at a crag or in a climbing area.  Online climbing databases and apps merge detailed beta (i.e. how to overcome the hardest challenges) as well as the traditional topo information.  Some hand-drawn topos by the climber(s) who completed the first ascent of important new routes are notable.

Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Gallier Hall
Gallier Hall is a historic building on St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is the former New Orleans city hall, and continues in civic use.  Built 1845–1853, it is a nationally significant example of Greek Revival architecture, and one of the finest works of architect James Gallier. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

James Gallier
James Gallier (24 July 1798– 3 October 1866) was a prominent nineteenth-century Irish-born American architect, most famed for his buildings in New Orleans. Gallier Hall, which he designed and once served as New Orleans City Hall, is named after him.
Gwyn Morgan
Gwyn Morgan CM (born 4 November 1945) is a Canadian retired engineer and oilman. Morgan joined the Alberta Energy Company in 1975, and in 1994 succeeded David E. Mitchell to become the company's second president. In 2002, Morgan negotiated the AEC's merger with PanCanadian Petroleum to create EnCana Corporation. Morgan served as the company's first president before stepping down on 31 December 2005. Additionally, from 2007 to 2013 he served as the chairman of SNC-Lavalin.

AtkinsRéalis
AtkinsRéalis Group Inc., formerly known as SNC-Lavalin Group Inc., is a Canadian company based in Montreal that provides engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) services to various industries, including mining and metallurgy, environment and water, infrastructure, and clean energy. AtkinsRéalis was the largest construction company, by revenue, in Canada, as of 2021.

The firm has approximately 37,000 employees worldwide, with offices in over 50 countries and operations in over 160 countries.
Petz
Petz is a series of single-player video games dating back to 1995, in which the player can adopt, raise, care for and breed their own virtual pets. Developed by PF.Magic, original Petz (Dogz and Catz) has sold over 1.5 million copies worldwide. The series has grown to over 22 million copies as of 2011 since coming under Ubisoft.

Imagine (video game series)
Imagine is a series of simulation video games primarily for the Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, Microsoft Windows, and Wii game consoles, released from October 2007 to February 2013. Imagine video games are aimed primarily at girls aged six to fourteen and are published by Ubisoft.
Pikne
Pikne (also Piken or Pikker: the long one) is the god of lightning in Estonian mythology. In Finnish, lightning is sometimes called Pitkäinen, which is similar in meaning. It is likely that both are taboo euphemisms.

There was an Estonian satire and humor magazine called Pikker.

Estonian mythology
Estonian mythology is a complex of myths belonging to the Estonian folk heritage and literary mythology. Information about the pre-Christian and medieval Estonian mythology is scattered in historical chronicles, travellers' accounts and in ecclesiastical registers. Systematic recordings of Estonian folklore started in the 19th century. Pre-Christian Estonian deities may have included a god known as Jumal or Taevataat ("Old man of the sky") in Estonian, corresponding to Jumala in Finnish, and Jumo in Mari.
Hayreddin Pasha
Hayreddin Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: خیرالدین پاشا; c. 1820 – 30 January 1890) was a Tunisian-Ottoman statesman and reformer, who was born to an Abkhazian family. First serving as Prime Minister of the Beylik of Tunis, he later achieved the high post of Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, serving from 4 December 1878 until 29 July 1879.

He was a political reformer during a period of growing European ascendancy. According to Dr. Abdul Azim Islahi, he was a pragmatic activist who reacted against poverty, and looked to European models for suggestions. He applied the Islamic concept of maslahah (or public interest), to economic issues. He emphasized the central role of justice and security in economic development. He was a major advocate of Tanzimat (or modernization) for Tunisia's political and economic systems.

Muhammad III as-Sadiq
Muhammad III as-Sadiq GCB (Arabic: محمد الثالث الصادق; 7 February 1813 – 27 October 1882) commonly known as Sadok Bey (Arabic: الصادق باي), was the Husainid Bey of Tunis from 1859 until his death. Invested as Bey al-Mahalla (Heir Apparent) on 10 June 1855, he succeeded his brother Muhammad II ibn al-Husayn on 23 September 1859. Named as divisional General in the Imperial Ottoman Army on 10 June 1855, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal on 10 December 1859.
Lake Vyrnwy
Lake Vyrnwy (Welsh: Llyn Efyrnwy, pronounced [ɛˈvərnʊɨ] or Llyn Llanwddyn) is a reservoir in Powys, Wales, built in the 1880s for Liverpool Corporation Waterworks to supply Liverpool with fresh water. It flooded the head of the Vyrnwy (Welsh: Afon Efyrnwy) valley and submerged the village of Llanwddyn.

The Lake Vyrnwy Nature Reserve and Estate that surrounds the lake is jointly managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and Hafren Dyfrdwy and is a popular destination for ornithologists, cyclists and hikers. The reserve is designated as a national nature reserve, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, a Special Protection Area, and a Special Area of Conservation.

Llanwddyn
Llanwddyn (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village and community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales. The community is centred on the Lake Vyrnwy reservoir. The original Llanwddyn village, about 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest, was submerged when the reservoir was created in the 1880s.
N-Methyltaurine
N-Methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) is an aminosulfonic acid which is present as a zwitterion in the crystalline state and in polar solvents (just like amino acids). In contrast to the widespread taurine, N-methyltaurine has been found in nature only in red algae, where it is formed by methylation of taurine. It is an important industrial chemical used in the production of taurates, which are used extensively as mild anionic surfactants.

Taurates
Taurates (or taurides) are a group of mild anionic surfactants. They are composed of a hydrophilic head group, consisting of N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) and a lipophilic residue, consisting of a long-chain carboxylic acid (fatty acid), both linked via an amide bond. The fatty acids used could be lauric (C12), myristic (C14), palmitic (C16) or stearic acid (C18), but mainly mixtures of oleic acid (C18:1) and coconut fatty acid (C8 – C18) are used. Besides sodium, no other counterions play a relevant role (these could be e. g. ammonium or other alkali or alkaline earth metals).
Moroccan Western Sahara Wall
The Moroccan Western Sahara Wall or the Berm, also called the Moroccan sand wall (Arabic: الجدار الرملي, romanized: al-jidār ar-ramliyya, lit. 'sand wall'), is an approximately 2,700 km-long (1,700 mi) berm running south to north through Western Sahara and the southwestern portion of Morocco. It separates the Moroccan-occupied areas (the Southern Provinces) on the west from the Polisario-controlled areas (Free Zone, nominally Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) on the east. The wall was built in order to restrict independence-seeking Sahrawis to the eastern part of the desert, away from the region's natural resources, located in the Moroccan-occupied part of the territory.

According to maps from the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) or the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in many places the wall extends several kilometers into internationally recognized Mauritanian territory.

Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara
25°N 13°W﻿ / ﻿25°N 13°W﻿ / 25; -13

About two-thirds of Western Sahara, a UN-designated non-self-governing territory in the Maghreb, has been occupied by Morocco since 1975 amid the Western Sahara War. It was illegally annexed by Morocco in two stages in 1976 and 1979. The occupied territories are administered as integral parts of Morocco, and state-sponsored settlement programs exist to relocate Moroccans to Western Sahara.

The Moroccan government uses the terminology southern provinces or Moroccan Sahara to refer to the occupied territory. These designations specifically encompass the entirety of Western Sahara, spanning three of Morocco's 12 top-level administrative regions. Such terminology is often used in Moroccan mass media and state media, while the nomenclature associated with the Polisario Front and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is censored and sometimes penalized.
Shong Lue Yang
Shong Lue Yang (RPA: Yaj Soob Lwj [jâ ʃɔ́ŋ lɨ̂], Pahawh: 𖬌𖬤𖬵 𖬘𖬲𖬞 𖬖𖬲𖬤; September 15, 1929 – February, 1971) was a Hmong spiritual leader and creator of the Pahawh script, a semi-syllabary for writing dialects of the Hmong language, as well as the Khmu language.

Coming under suspicion by opposing forces, he was assassinated in February 1971, during the Laotian Civil War. It was also rumored that Nao Tong  Yang his brother-in-law, who has killed many people, the order to kill Shong Lue Yang due to fear and jealousy. He is honored as the "Mother of Writing" (Niam Ntawv) among the some Hmong claim group. Like the Cherokee Sequoyah of the early 19th century in Indian Territory (now United States), Shong Lue Yang is one of the few people from a pre-literate society known in history to have independently created an effective writing system.

Pahawh Hmong
Pahawh Hmong (RPA: Phaj hauj Hmoob, Pahawh: 𖬖𖬰𖬝𖬵 𖬄𖬶𖬟 𖬌𖬣𖬵, pronounced [pʰâ hâu m̥ɔ̃́]; known also as Ntawv Pahawh, Ntawv Keeb, Ntawv Caub Fab, Ntawv Soob Lwj) is an indigenous semi-syllabic script, invented in 1959 by Shong Lue Yang, to write two Hmong languages, Hmong Daw (Hmoob Dawb/White Miao) and Hmong Njua AKA Hmong Leng (Moob Leeg/Green Miao).
Chloridea virescens
Chloridea virescens, commonly known as the tobacco budworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae found throughout the eastern and southwestern United States along with parts of Central America and South America.

It is a major pest of field crops including tobacco (as its common name suggests) and cotton. It is able to reproduce on a wide variety of host plants ranging from fruits, vegetables, flowers, and weeds. Control of this pest has proven to be particularly difficult due to a variety of factors, but widespread insecticide and pesticide resistance have proven particularly concerning.

Chloridea virescens was formerly a member of the genus Heliothis, but was moved to the reinstated genus Chloridea as a result of genetic and morphological research published in 2013.

Helicoverpa zea
Helicoverpa zea, commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species (formerly in the genus Heliothis) in the family Noctuidae. The larva of the moth Helicoverpa zea is a major agricultural pest. Since it is polyphagous (feeds on many different plants) during the larval stage, the species has been given many different common names, including the cotton bollworm and the tomato fruitworm. It also consumes a wide variety of other crops.

The species is widely distributed across the Americas with the exception of northern Canada and Alaska. It has become resistant to many pesticides, but can be controlled with integrated pest management techniques including deep ploughing, trap crops, chemical control using mineral oil, and biological controls.

The species migrates seasonally, at night, and can be carried downwind up to 400 km. Pupae can make use of diapause to wait out adverse environmental conditions, especially at high latitudes and in drought.
Komi language
Komi (коми кыв, komi kyv, IPA: [komi kɨv] ⓘ), also known as Zyran, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan (зыран коми кыв, zyran komi kyv), is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permic languages; the other regional varieties are Komi-Permyak, which has official status, and Komi-Yazva.

Komi is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010.

It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in the 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century.

Old Permic script
The Old Permic script (Komi: Важ Перым гижӧм, 𐍮𐍐𐍕 𐍟𐍔𐍠𐍨𐍜 𐍒𐍙𐍕𐍩𐍜‎, Važ Perym gižöm), sometimes known by its initial two characters as Abur or Anbur, is a "highly idiosyncratic adaptation" of the Cyrillic script once used to write medieval Komi (a member of the Permic branch of Finno-Ugric languages).
Elgin, Texas
Elgin (/ˈɛlɡɪn/ EL-ghin) is a city in Bastrop County and Travis County in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 9,784 at the 2020 census.

In 1995, the Texas Legislature proclaimed Elgin the "Sausage Capital of Texas". Elgin is also known as the Brick Capital of the Southwest due to the presence of three operating brickyards in the mid-20th century (two of which are still open).

Travis County, Texas
Travis County is located in Central Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,290,188. It is the fifth-most populous county in Texas. Its county seat and most populous city is Austin, the state's capital. The county was established in 1840 and is named in honor of William Barret Travis, the commander of the Republic of Texas forces at the Battle of the Alamo. Travis County is part of the Austin–Round Rock–Georgetown metropolitan area. It is located along the Balcones Fault, the boundary between the Edwards Plateau to the west and the Blackland Prairie to the east.