hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, it was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Roman Empire, under the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was subdivided into Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was reorganized as Hispania Tarraconensis.

Beginning with Diocletian’s Tetrarchy (AD 293), the territory of Tarraconensis was further divided to create the provinces of Carthaginensis and Gallaecia (also called Callaecia, the origin of the name of modern Galicia). All the Hispanic provinces on the mainland, together with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later organized into the Diocesis Hispaniarum, governed by a vicarius.

The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. It encompassed much of the northern, eastern and central territories of modern Spain along with modern northern Portugal. Southern Spain, the region now called Andalusia, was the province of Hispania Baetica. On the Atlantic west lay the province of Lusitania, partially coincident with modern-day Portugal.
Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg
The Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg was located in what is today Germany. It was created in 1667 following the death of Prince John VI and the partition of Anhalt-Zerbst with Anhalt-Mühlingen being created along with Anhalt-Dornburg for the younger sons of Prince John VI. The principality lasted until 1742 when Princes Christian August and John Louis II inherited Anhalt-Zerbst.

Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst
Anhalt-Zerbst was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by the House of Ascania, with its residence at Zerbst in present-day Saxony-Anhalt. It emerged as a subdivision of the Principality of Anhalt from 1252 until 1396, when it was divided into the principalities of Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen. Recreated in 1544, Anhalt-Zerbst finally was partitioned between Anhalt-Dessau, Anhalt-Köthen, and Anhalt-Bernburg in 1796 upon the extinction of the line.
Mal Kelapa Gading
Summarecon Mall Kelapa Gading (formerly Kelapa Gading Plaza and Mal Kelapa Gading) is a shopping and entertainment center located in Kelapa Gading, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the largest shopping malls in Indonesia.

Kelapa Gading
Kelapa Gading or also known as KG or Gading, is a district (Indonesian: kecamatan) of the administrative city of North Jakarta, Indonesia. The district is known to the local population as a city within a city, due to the integrated residential-commercial planning, and the supporting facilities.
Barren County Progress
The Barren County Progress is a weekly newspaper serving Barren County, Kentucky, including the cities of Cave City, Park City, and Glasgow. Headquartered in Glasgow, the newspaper is owned by Jobe Publishing, Inc. The Progress is printed in the company's plant in Horse Cave, Kentucky.

This newspaper is part of Jobe Publishing's news and advertising network that serves Barren, Butler, Edmonson, Hart, Metcalfe, and Monroe Counties in Kentucky, meaning that Jobe also publishes the Butler County Banner-Republican, Edmonson News, The Herald-News of Metcalfe County, Monroe County Citizen, and the Hart County News-Herald, respectively. All of Jobe's newspapers, including the Progress, are members of the Kentucky Press Association.

Butler County Banner-Republican
The Butler County Banner, also known as the Butler County Banner-Green River Republican, is a weekly newspaper based in Morgantown, Kentucky, and serving Butler County in west-central Kentucky, including Morgantown, Aberdeen, Jetson, Dunbar, Huntsville, Sugar Grove, Brooklyn, Quality, Roundhill, Rochester, and Woodbury. It is a once-a-week newspaper that publishes on Wednesdays, and it is owned by Jobe Publishing, Inc. based in Horse Cave, Kentucky.

This newspaper is part of Jobe Publishing's news and advertising network that also serves Allen, Barren, Cumberland, Edmonson, Hart, Metcalfe, Russell, and Monroe Counties in Kentucky in addition to Butler County, meaning that Jobe also publishes the Barren County Progress, Cumberland County News, Edmonson News, The Herald-News of Metcalfe County, Monroe County Citizen, The Times Journal, The Citizen-Times and the Hart County News-Herald. All of Jobe's newspapers, including the Banner, are members of the Kentucky Press Association.
Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W202)
Mercedes-Benz W202 is the internal designation for a compact sedan/saloon manufactured and marketed by Mercedes-Benz between 1992 and 2001, as the first generation of the C-Class (W202), now in its fifth generation (W206). Replacing the 190 series/W201 in June 1993, the C-Class sedan was Mercedes' entry-level model until 1997, when the company launched the first generation A-Class (W168). Production reached 1,847,382 over model years 1994–2000.

Mercedes-Benz C-Class
The Mercedes-Benz C-Class is a series of compact executive cars produced by Mercedes-Benz Group AG. Introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the 190 (W201) range, the C-Class was the smallest model in the marque's line-up until the W168 A-Class arrived in 1997. The C-Class has been available with a "4MATIC" four-wheel drive option since 2002. The third generation (W204) was launched in 2007 while the current W206 generation was launched in 2021.

Initially available in sedan and a station wagon configurations, a fastback coupé (SportCoupé) variant followed and was later renamed to Mercedes-Benz CLC-Class. It remained in production until 2011 when a new W204 C-Class coupé replaced it for the 2012 model year.
Arun Nehru
Arun Kumar Nehru (24 April 1944 – 25 July 2013) was an Indian politician and columnist. He was member of the 9th Lok Sabha from Bilhaur as a Janata Dal leader. Earlier, he was member of the 7th and 8th Lok Sabhas from Rae Bareli on an Indian National Congress ticket. In his political career, Nehru served in various ministerial positions, including serving as the Minister of State for Home Affairs from September 1985 to October 1986. A member of the Nehru–Gandhi family, Nehru was noted in the media to be the second most powerful person in the Indian government during his tenure as Minister of State for Home Affairs, after his cousin Rajiv Gandhi, who was then Prime Minister of India. Nehru was also a member of the V. P. Singh cabinet.

Nehru–Gandhi family
The Nehru–Gandhi family is an Indian political family that has occupied a prominent place in the politics of India. The involvement of the family has traditionally revolved around the Indian National Congress, as various members have traditionally led the party. Three members of the family—Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi—have served as the prime minister of India, while several others have been members of parliament (MP).
The family is not related to that of Mahatma Gandhi.

The Guardian wrote in 2007, "The Gandhi brand has no peer in the world—a member of the family has been in charge of India for 40 of the 60 years since independence. The allure of India's first family blends the right to rule of British monarchy with the tragic glamour of America's Kennedy clan."
Ladislaja Harnoncourt
Ladislaja Harnoncourt, née Gräfin von Meran, Freiin von Brandhoven (8 October 1899 – 22 July 1997) was a member of the Austrian Harnoncourt family. She raised seven children, two of them from her husband's first marriage, including the conductor and pioneer of historically informed performance, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, and the priest and patron of the arts Philipp Harnoncourt.

Nikolaus Harnoncourt
Johann Nikolaus Harnoncourt (6 December 1929 – 5 March 2016) was an Austrian conductor, known for his historically informed performances. He specialized in music of the Baroque period, but later extended his repertoire to include Classical and early Romantic works. Among his best known recordings are those of Bach, whose 193 cantatas he recorded with Gustav Leonhardt.

Starting out as a classical cellist, he founded his own period instrument ensemble, Concentus Musicus Wien, in 1953, and became a pioneer of the Early Music movement. Around 1970, Harnoncourt began conducting opera and concert performances, soon leading international symphony orchestras, and appearing at leading concert halls, operatic venues and festivals. In 2001 and 2003, he conducted the Vienna New Year's Concert. Harnoncourt was also the author of several books, mostly on subjects of performance history and musical aesthetics.
Lisa Brown (Michigan politician)
Lisa Brown (born January 26, 1967) is an American attorney, realtor, and politician serving as the clerk and register of deeds of Oakland County, Michigan since 2013.  A member of the Democratic Party, Brown previously served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives, having represented the 39th State House District from 2009 to 2012. She was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Michigan in the 2014 election, alongside former Congressman Mark Schauer.

Mark Schauer
Mark Hamilton Schauer (born October 2, 1961) is an American politician who served as a U.S. representative for Michigan's 7th congressional district from 2009 to 2011.

Schauer was previously a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1997 to 2002 and a member of the Michigan Senate from 2003 to 2009, where he served as the Minority Leader from 2007 to 2009. In each legislative body, he represented Battle Creek and its surrounding region. In 2008, he was elected to the House of Representatives, defeating Republican incumbent Tim Walberg. A moderate Democrat, Schauer was defeated in a rematch with Walberg in 2010 by 50.2% to 45.4%.

Schauer was the Democratic nominee for governor of Michigan in the 2014 election. He was defeated by incumbent Republican Governor Rick Snyder by 51% to 47%. After the election, Schauer became chairman of PAC Advantage 2020, which aims to help Democrats retake state legislative chambers.
London College of Fashion
The London College of Fashion is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art university in London, England. The college offers undergraduate and postgraduate study, short courses, study-abroad courses and business training in fashion and related topics. The patron is Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh. The current head of college is Professor Andrew Teverson.

University of the Arts London
The University of the Arts London (UAL) is a public collegiate university in London, England, United Kingdom. It specialises in arts, design, fashion, and the performing arts. The university is a federation of six arts colleges: Camberwell College of Arts, Central Saint Martins, Chelsea College of Arts, the London College of Communication, the London College of Fashion and the Wimbledon College of Arts.: 263

The University of the Arts London was established as The London Institute in 1986, became a university in 2003, and took its present name in 2004. The university hosts one of the largest international student bodies out of all universities in the United Kingdom.
Bavaria, Nervesa della Battaglia
45°48′25″N 12°11′14″E﻿ / ﻿45.80694°N 12.18722°E﻿ / 45.80694; 12.18722
Bavaria is a ward of the municipality of Nervesa della Battaglia in Treviso province.

The village has 1280 residents, is located 78 m asl and its inhabitants are called Bavariani.

Nervesa della Battaglia
Nervesa della Battaglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Treviso.

In February 1358 Nervesa was the scene of a battle in which the Republic of Venice was defeated by the forces of King Louis I of Hungary. That defeat forced the Venetians to sign the highly unfavorable Treaty of Zadar.

Sites include the remains of the Abbey of Sant'Eustachio, near the Piave river, which reached its apex in the 13th century. It was abandoned in 1865, and heavily damaged during the Battle of the Piave River in World War I. Another disappeared convent is the Charterhouse of San Girolamo, located on the Montello hill.
TCP offload engine
TCP offload engine (TOE) is a technology used in some network interface cards (NIC) to offload processing of the entire TCP/IP stack to the network controller. It is primarily used with high-speed network interfaces, such as gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet, where the processing overhead of the network stack becomes significant.
TOEs are often used as a way to reduce the overhead associated with Internet Protocol (IP) storage protocols such as iSCSI and Network File System (NFS).

Network interface controller
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard or contained in a USB-connected dongle, although network cards remain available.

Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.
Network18 Group
Network18 Media & Investments Limited (d/b/a Network18 Group) is an Indian media conglomerate owned by the Reliance Industries with 56.89% share headed by Mukesh Ambani and rest of 43.11% is equity holding. Rahul Joshi is the managing director, chief executive officer and group editor-in-chief, and Adil Zainulbhai is the chairman of its board of directors.

Incorporated in 1996 by Geeta and Rakesh Gupta, the company was acquired by Ritu Kapur and Raghav Bahl to be converted into a conglomerate holding company between 2003 and 2006. It oversaw one of the largest collections of media properties in India following its conversion but became encumbered with debt due to aggressive expansions. In 2012, the company entered into a debt agreement with Reliance Industries, through which it was granted a number of channels from the ETV Network. The agreement eventually enabled a hostile takeover of the company in 2014.

Reliance Industries
Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Its businesses include energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail, entertainment, telecommunications, mass media, and textiles. Reliance is the largest public company in India by market capitalisation and revenue, and the 86th largest company worldwide. It is India's largest private tax payer and largest exporter, accounting for 7% of India's total merchandise exports.

The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption, cronyism, fraud, financial manipulation, and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens, and natural resources. Its chairman, Mukesh Ambani, has been described as a plutocrat.
VAG Class G1
The VAG Class G1 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg on the Nuremberg U-Bahn system. They have replaced the VAG Class DT1 and VAG Class DT2 previously in service on Nuremberg U-Bahn line U1. On 20 August 2020, the first of three G1 trains entered into the revenue service.

VAG Class DT2
The VAG Class DT2 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg on the Nuremberg U-Bahn system. It is a derivative of the MVG Class B, in service on the Munich U-Bahn since 1981.
Taxodiaceae
Taxodiaceae is a formerly recognized conifer family. It is today recognised as a paraphyletic grade of basal lineages within the Cupressaceae, with the exception of Sciadopitys verticillata, which has been reclassified into its own family, the Sciadopityaceae.

The Taxodiaceae contains the following living genera:

Athrotaxis

Cryptomeria

Cunninghamia

Glyptostrobus

Metasequoia

Sequoia

Sequoiadendron

Taiwania

Taxodium

As proposed, genera of the former Taxodiaceae are grouped in the following subfamilies within the larger Cupressaceae:

Athrotaxidoideae Quinn (Athrotaxis)

Cunninghamioideae (Sieb. & Zucc.) Quinn (Cunninghamia)

Sequoioideae (Luerss.) Quinn (Sequoia, Sequoiadendron, and Metasequoia)

Taiwanioideae (Hayata) Quinn (Taiwania)

Taxodioideae Endl. ex K. Koch (Taxodium, Glyptostrobus, and Cryptomeria)

Cunninghamia
Cunninghamia is a genus of one or two living species of evergreen coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae. They are native to China, northern Vietnam and Laos, and perhaps also Cambodia. They may reach 70 m (230 ft) in height. In vernacular use, it is most often known as Cunninghamia, but is also sometimes called "China-fir" (though it is not a fir). The genus name Cunninghamia honours Dr. James Cunningham, a British doctor who introduced this species into cultivation in 1702 and botanist Allan Cunningham.
World Chess960 Championship
The World Chess960 Championship is a match or tournament held to determine a world champion in Chess960 (also known as Fischer random chess), a popular chess variant in which the positions of pieces on the players' home ranks are randomized with certain constraints. Prior to 2019 FIDE did not recognize a Chess960 world champion or sponsor regular tournaments in the format, but the Chess Classic at Mainz and other non-FIDE affiliated organizations have hosted high-profile Chess960 tournaments and matches. Time controls for Chess960 are non-standardized, and usually conform to the wishes of the tournament sponsor or organizer. As a result, Chess960 championships have been held with irregular time controls ranging from rapid (Mainz) to blitz and bullet.

FIDE has organized or co-organized three world championships: in 2019, won by Wesley So; in 2022, won by Hikaru Nakamura; and in 2026, won by Magnus Carlsen.

FIDE Freestyle Chess World Championship 2026
The FIDE Freestyle Chess World Championship 2026 was the first Freestyle Chess World Championship and third official World Chess960 Championship, organized by FIDE and Freestyle Chess Operations. The competition had followed a format similar to the previous editions held in 2019 and 2022; an online play-in open to all titled players determined one player to join seven invited players in the over-the-board final, which took place at the Schloss Weissenhaus resort in Wangels, Germany from 13 to 15 February 2026. Magnus Carlsen won the championship after defeating Fabiano Caruana in the final, securing his maiden Chess960 title and twenty-first world title of his career.

The incumbent Chess960 champion, Hikaru Nakamura, had declined the invitation to defend his title.
Chief Judge of Abia State
The Chief Judge of Abia State is the title or office appointed to the head of the judiciary of the Abia State Government. The Chief Judge is appointed by the Governor of Abia State to preside over the state's High Court and also to oversee and supervise its unified court system. The incumbent Chief Judge is Justice Lilian Abai, who was appointed into the position by Alex Otti in May  2023.

Theresa Uzokwe
Theresa Uzoamaka Uzokwe // ⓘ is a Nigerian legal practitioner and former adult film actor. She is the current Chief Judge of Abia State after she was appointed on 22 December 2014 by Theodore Orji. Prior to her appointment, she had served twice in the position as acting Chief Judge.
Triceromeryx
Triceromeryx is an extinct genus of Artiodactyla, of the family Palaeomerycidae, endemic to Europe from the middle Miocene epoch, 16.9—16.0 Ma, existing for approximately 0.9 million years.

It was similar to Ampelomeryx, a herbivore.

Palaeomerycidae
The Palaeomerycidae is an extinct family of Neogene ruminants belonging to the infraorder Pecora. Palaeomerycids lived in Europe and Asia exclusively during the Miocene, coevolving with cervids, bovids, moschids, and tragulids there as part of a dramatic radiation of ruminants by the early Miocene.

Dromomerycids are sometimes considered to be subfamilies of the Palaeomerycidae, but recent research brought doubt to this, arguing that the dromomerycids lack the sutures on the skull roof that giraffomorphs (Giraffidae, Palaeomerycidae, Climacoceratidae) have for ossicone features. The similar resemblances of the two families could be the result of parallel evolution.
Godwin's law
Godwin's law (or Godwin's rule), short for Godwin's law of Nazi analogies, is an Internet adage asserting: "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one." The law's creator, Mike Godwin, maintains these comparisons often trivialize the Holocaust. It is an example of the reductio ad Hitlerum fallacy.

In 2021, Harvard researchers published an article showing that the Nazi-comparison phenomenon does not occur with statistically meaningful frequency in Reddit discussions.

Nazi analogies
Nazi analogies or Nazi comparisons are any comparisons or parallels which are related to Nazism or Nazi Germany, which often reference Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, the SS, or the Holocaust. Despite criticism, such comparisons have been employed for a wide variety of reasons since Hitler's rise to power. Some Nazi comparisons are logical fallacies, such as reductio ad Hitlerum. Godwin's law asserts that a Nazi analogy is increasingly likely the longer an internet discussion continues; Mike Godwin also stated that not all Nazi comparisons are invalid.
Nahrain (horse)
Nahrain (foaled 29 January 2008) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Unraced as a two-year-old she won her first four races in 2011 including the Coral Distaff and the Prix de l'Opéra before finishind second in the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf. She struggled to find her form in the early part of the 2012 season but returned to her best to take the Flower Bowl Stakes. She made an immediate impact as a broodmare, with her first foal being Benbatl.

Benbatl
Benbatl (foaled 15 February 2014) is a retired British Thoroughbred racehorse and breeding stallion. He was unraced as a two-year-old in 2016 but in the following year he won the Hampton Court Stakes and was placed in both the Craven Stakes and the Dante Stakes as well as finishing fifth in the Epsom Derby. In 2018 he began the season in Dubai where he won the Singspiel Stakes and the Al Rashidiya before defeating a strong international field in the Dubai Turf. On his return to Europe he won the Bayerisches Zuchtrennen in Germany and was then sent to Australia where he took the Caulfield Stakes and ran second in the Cox Plate. In 2019 he secured the first of two victories in the Joel Stakes. He won the Singspiel Stakes for a second time in 2020, and the Joel Stakes for a second time in 2021. At the end of the 2021 season he was retired to stud.
Reinhard Bütikofer
Reinhard Hans Bütikofer (born 26 January 1953) is a German politician who served as a member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2024. He is a member of the Alliance 90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party. He was the co-chair of Alliance 90/The Greens (alongside Claudia Roth) from 2002 to 2008 and of the European Green Party (alongside Monica Frassoni) from 2012 to 2019.

Claudia Roth
Claudia Benedikta Roth (German: [ˈklaʊdi̯a ˈʁoːt]; born 15 May 1955) is a German politician (Alliance 90/The Greens) and member of the Bundestag.

In addition to her work in parliament, Roth served as Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media in the government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz from 2021 to 2025. She was one of the two party chairs from 2004 to 2013 and previously served as one of the vice presidents of the Bundestag.