hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valga County
Valga County (Estonian: Valga maakond or Valgamaa) is a first-level administrative unit and one of 15 counties of Estonia. It comprises the former area of the Valga District. The present-day county was created on 1 January 1990. The capital and largest town of Valga County is Valga, followed by Tõrva and Otepää. It is located in the southern part of the country and borders Põlva and Võru counties to the east, Latvia to the south and west, and Viljandi and Tartu County to the north. 27,650 people live in Valga County as of 2022.

Counties of Estonia
The counties of Estonia (maakond) are the state administrative subdivisions of Estonia. Estonian territory is composed of 15 counties, including 13 on the mainland and 2 on islands. County governments (maavalitsus) were abolished at the end of 2017, with their duties split between state authorities and local governments, and nowadays counties have no noteworthy independent competences. Counties are composed of municipalities of two types: urban municipalities or towns (linn), and rural municipalities or parishes (vald), which are by law required to cooperate in development of their county.
Brian Hansen (speed skater)
Brian Hansen (born September 3, 1990, in Evanston, Illinois) is an American speed skater and silver medalist in the Winter Olympics.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Hansen won a silver medal in the team pursuit along with Jonathan Kuck, Chad Hedrick and Trevor Marsicano. Hansen has also won a two medals in the World Single Distance Championships and four medals (two gold, three silver, one bronze) in the World Junior Championships. As of February 2018, Hansen holds the 13th position on the men's Adelskalender big combination.

Jonathan Kuck
Jonathan Kuck (born March 14, 1990) is an American speed skater and silver medalist in the Winter Olympics.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Kuck won a silver medal in the team pursuit along with Brian Hansen and Chad Hedrick. Kuck has also won four medals at the World Championships, a silver medal at the World Allround Championships, and a silver medal at the World Junior Championships.
Rocker arm
A rocker arm is a valvetrain component that typically transfers the motion of a pushrod in an overhead valve internal combustion engine to the corresponding intake/exhaust valve.

Rocker arms in automobiles are typically made from stamped steel, or aluminum in higher-revving applications. Some rocker arms (called roller rockers) include a bearing at the contact point, to reduce wear and friction there.

Valvetrain
A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valves control the flow of spent exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber once combustion is completed.
Potato fufu
Potato fufu is a staple swallow food eaten by the northern central region of Nigeria. It is popular among the Yoruba of Kwara state. The swallow food is easy to make compared to pounded yam and its unique taste is why the food is prepared at weddings, parties and other occasions.

Swallow (food)
Swallows are a category of dough-like African and Indian staple food made of cooked starchy vegetables and/or grains. This food category is known as Okele in the Yoruba language. Fufu of Western Africa, ugali and nsima of Eastern Africa, and sadza of Southern Africa are examples of swallows. The term "swallow" (or "swallows") is a Nigerian English usage that refers to the way these foods are traditionally eaten: pinched off, molded into a small ball or scoop, dipped in soup or stew, and swallowed without chewing. However, this blanket term is not traditionally used by most native consumers, who almost always refer to each preparation by its specific local name (e.g., fufu, iyan, eba, tuwo, ugali, nsima, sadza, pap, banku, etc.) even when speaking English.
Area 44, Lilongwe
Area 44 is a residential town west of Lilongwe, Malawi and forms part of the Lilongwe municipality. Institutions found in Area 44 include Area 44 College, Area 44 Secondary School and Area 44 Technical Centre. Police used tear gas in January 2024 to disperse a mob. There was a case of assault that resulted in three women going to jail.

Lilongwe
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ/,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, in the district of the same name, near the borders with Mozambique and Zambia, and it is an important economic and transportation hub for central Malawi. It is named after the Lilongwe River.
Blue Heaven Studios
Blue Heaven Studios is a recording studio located in a gothic-style church in Salina, Kansas. The studio is a division of Acoustic Sounds, Inc., founded by music entrepreneur Chad Kassem, and is the home of a yearly blues music festival — Blues Masters at the Crossroads.

Acoustic Sounds, Inc.
Acoustic Sounds, Inc. is a mail-order business specializing in the sale of audiophile vinyl LPs, SACDs, Reel-To-Reel album reissues (Analogue Productions Ultra Tape), DVD-Audios, high-quality CDs and high-end stereo equipment. Located in Salina, Kansas, United States. The business is owned and operated by Chad Kassem and as of 2016 employed 98 people.
Nuestra Cabaña
Nuestra Cabaña (sometimes known as Our Cabaña) is an international Girl Guide centre of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) located in Cuernavaca, Mexico. It opened in July 1957 as a Baden-Powell centennial memorial. The centre can house over 100 guests.

It is one of five World Centres of WAGGGS, the others being  Our Chalet in Switzerland, Sangam in India, Pax Lodge in England and Kusafiri in Africa.  Each centre is staffed by people from around the world, giving them an international feeling, but each also draws from the local culture. Nuestra Cabaña has been visited by over 70,000 Girl Guides and Girl Scouts from around the world since it opened.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
December 2005 protest for democracy in Hong Kong
On 4 December 2005, tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong protested for democracy and called on the Government to allow universal and equal suffrage. The protesters demanded the right to directly elect the Chief Executive and all the seats of the Legislative Council. They also urged the government to abolish the appointed seats of the district councils, in response to the limitations of the government's reform proposal.

Organised by the Civil Human Rights Front and pro-democracy lawmakers, the protest began at the football pitches in the Victoria Park. The march, from the park towards the Central Government Offices in Central, started at 3 p.m.

There were several estimates of the crowd turnout ranging from 63,000 to over 250,000 (see the section Controversy over turnout below).

2005 Hong Kong electoral reform
The 2005 Hong Kong electoral reform was carried out in late 2005 for the selection of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong (CE) in 2007 and Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) in 2008. The reform proposals were ultimately voted down by the pro-democracy camp.
Guanglan Road station
Guanglan Road (Chinese: 广兰路; pinyin: Guǎnglán Lù) is an interchange station between Line 2 and Line 21 of the Shanghai Metro. The station is located along Zuchongzhi Road and is located between the stations of Tangzhen and the Jinke Road on Line 2. The station is located east of the intersection between Zuchongzhi Road and Guanglan Road, and has four exits. The station was opened on 24 February 2010, after Line 2 was extended from Zhangjiang High Technology Park.

The station has 3 tracks (5 when Line 21 is complete), 1 island platform(2 when Line 21 is complete), and a side platform. Line 2 Trains heading to National Exhibition and Convention Center use the line 2 island platform and trains heading to Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 use the side platform, while Line 21 uses another set of island platforms when built.

Zhangjiang High Technology Park station
Zhangjiang High Technology Park (Chinese: 张江高科; pinyin: Zhāngjiāng Gāokē) is a station on Line 2 of the Shanghai Metro. This station had been the line's eastern terminus from 27 December 2000, after an eastward extension from Longyang Road to Zhangjiang High Technology Park opened, until 24 February 2010, when the line was extended further eastward to Guanglan Road. From 14 to 23 February 2010, this station was shut down, and Line 2 service terminated at Longyang Road, to allow for reconstruction work; the new underground Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park station was built on the northeast side of the old, elevated station. This conversion allowed for greater compatibility with the 24 February 2010 opening of Jinke Road and Guanglan Road stations, which are both underground.
Pallipalayam
Pallipalayam is a municipality  in Namakkal district in Komarapalayam taluk in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarter of the Pallipalayam block.

As of 2011, the town had a population of 40,140. It is Twin city of Erode and shares its Pincode with Erode.

Komarapalayam
Komarapalayam is a municipality and textile town situated on the bank of the Kaveri, Bhavani River of South India, and is a taluk of Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. Komarapalayam is also called Kumarapalayam. Komarapalayam and Bhavani are twin cities separated by the Cauvery river. However, Bhavani belongs to Erode district. Komarapalayam is famous for its textile industries. As of 2011, the town had a population of 71,594
Blackmar–Diemer Gambit
The Blackmar–Diemer Gambit (or BDG) is a chess opening characterized by the moves:

1. d4 d5

2. e4 dxe4

3. Nc3

where White intends to follow up with f3, usually on the fourth move.  White obtains a tempo and a half-open f-file in return for a pawn, and as with most gambits, White aims to achieve rapid development and active posting of their pieces in order to rapidly build up an attack at the cost of the gambit pawn. It is one of the few gambits available to White after 1.d4.

Gambit
A gambit (from Italian gambetto, the act of tripping someone with the leg to make them fall) is a chess opening in which a player sacrifices material with the aim of achieving a subsequent positional advantage.
Rosalie Sully
Rosalie Kemble Sully (June 3, 1818 – July 8, 1847) was an American landscape and portrait miniature painter. She is the daughter of the famous painter Thomas Sully and had a romantic relationship with Charlotte Cushman.

Thomas Sully
Thomas Sully (June 19, 1783 – November 5, 1872) was an English-American portrait painter. He was born in England, became a naturalized American citizen in 1809, and lived most of his life in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, including in the Thomas Sully Residence. He studied painting in England under Benjamin West. He painted in the style of Thomas Lawrence and has been referred to as the "Sir Thomas Lawrence of America".

He produced over 2,300 paintings over his 70 year career. His subjects included United States presidents Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson; Revolutionary War hero General Marquis de Lafayette, and Queen Victoria. In addition to portraits of wealthy patrons, he painted landscapes and historical pieces such as the 1819 The Passage of the Delaware. His work was adapted for use on United States coinage.
RideKC
RideKC is the brand for public transportation systems in the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The RideKC brand was adopted in August 2014 by the Kansas City Streetcar Authority, operators of the KC Streetcar line then under construction in Kansas City, Missouri. The Kansas City Area Transportation Authority adopted RideKC in November, followed by Johnson County Transit, IndeBus and Unified Government Transit.

Buses using the RideKC livery rolled out in Kansas City and Johnson County in October 2015. UG Transit transitioned in 2016, with IndeBus co-branding for the time being.

As part of the consolidation, a regionwide local fare for buses took effect in January 2016.

The RideKC website launched in October 2015 consolidating schedules, maps and other information for all participating transit agencies.

KC Streetcar
The KC Streetcar is a one-route streetcar system in Kansas City, Missouri. Initial construction began in May 2014, and service began on May 6, 2016. The KC Streetcar is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area's integrated public transit brand RideKC, and is operated by the Kansas City Streetcar Authority. It is free to ride, as a transportation development district covers the cost of ongoing operations and maintenance. As of December 2025, the KC Streetcar has had over 1 million rides since its opening in 2016.

The initial line was 2.2 miles (3.5 km) long, costing $102 million to build. In October 2025, the line was extended 3.48 miles (5.60 km) south to the University of Missouri-Kansas City at a cost of $350 million. An extension north to the riverfront is currently under construction and scheduled to open in 2026. In the RideKC system, the KC Streetcar is internally designated as route 601.
Predslava of Kiev
Predslava of Kiev (fl. 1104–07) was a princess of Kievan Rus', the daughter of Sviatopolk II, the Grand Prince of Kiev (r. 1093–1113). She married Hungarian prince Álmos, with whom she had three children, one of whom was the later King of Hungary, Béla II (r. 1131–1141).

Prince Álmos
Álmos (also "Almus", Slovak, Croatian: Almoš; c. 1070  or 1075 – 1 September 1127) was a Hungarian prince, the son of King Géza I of Hungary and brother of King Coloman. He held several governmental posts in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Seed ball
Seed balls, also known as earth balls or nendo dango (Japanese: 粘土団子),  consist of seeds rolled within a ball of clay and other matter to assist germination. They are then thrown into vacant lots and over fences as a form of guerilla gardening. Matter such as humus and compost are often placed around the seeds to provide microbial inoculants. Cotton-fibres or liquefied paper are sometimes added to further protect the clay ball in particularly harsh habitats. An ancient technique, it was re-discovered by Japanese natural farming pioneer Masanobu Fukuoka.

Guerrilla gardening
Guerrilla gardening is the act of gardening – raising food, plants, or flowers – on land that the gardeners do not have the legal rights to cultivate, such as abandoned sites, areas that are not being cared for, or private property. It encompasses a diverse range of people and motivations, ranging from gardeners who spill over their legal boundaries to gardeners with a political purpose, who seek to provoke change by using guerrilla gardening as a form of protest or direct action.

This practice has implications for land rights and land reform; aiming to promote re-consideration of land ownership in order to assign a new purpose or reclaim land that is perceived to be in neglect or misused.

Some gardeners work at night, in relative secrecy, in an effort to make the area more useful or attractive, while others garden during the day.
Bovey Tracey
Bovey Tracey (/ˌbʌvi ˈtreɪsi/) is a town and civil parish in Devon, England. It is located on the edge of Dartmoor, which gives rise to the slogan used on the town's boundary signs: The Gateway to the Moor. It is often known locally as Bovey. About 10 miles (16 km) south-west of Exeter, it lies on the A382 road, about halfway between Newton Abbot and Moretonhampstead. The village is at the centre of the electoral ward of Bovey. At the 2024 census, it had a population of 8,204, which was an increase on the 7,168 recorded in the 2011 census.

Newton Abbot
Newton Abbot is a market town and civil parish on the River Teign in the Teignbridge District of Devon, England. Its population was 24,029 in 2011, and was estimated at 26,655 in 2019. It grew rapidly in the Victorian era as the home of the South Devon Railway locomotive works. This later became a major steam engine shed, retained to service British Railways diesel locomotives until 1981. It now houses the Brunel industrial estate. The town has a race course nearby, the most westerly in England, and a country park, Decoy. It is twinned with Besigheim in Germany and Ay in France.
Brazos County, Texas
Brazos County (/ˈbræzəs/ ⓘ BRAZ-əs) is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 233,849. The county seat is Bryan. Along with Brazoria County, the county is named for the Brazos River, which forms its western border. The county was formed in 1841 and organized in 1843.

Brazos County is part of the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of Bryan, College Station, and smaller cities and towns in Brazos, Burleson, and Robertson counties.

Robertson County, Texas
Robertson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 16,757. Its county seat is Franklin. The county was created in 1837 and organized the following year. It is named for Sterling C. Robertson, an early settler who signed the Texas Declaration of Independence.

Robertson County is in east-central Texas and is part of the College Station-Bryan, TX metropolitan statistical area.
Chief series
In abstract algebra, a chief series is a maximal normal series for a group.

It is similar to a composition series, though the two concepts are distinct in general: a chief series is a maximal normal series, while a composition series is a maximal subnormal series.

Chief series can be thought of as breaking the group down into less complicated pieces, which may be used to characterize various qualities of the group.

Subgroup series
In mathematics, specifically group theory, a subgroup series of a group  is a chain of subgroups:

where  is the trivial subgroup. Subgroup series can simplify the study of a group to the study of simpler subgroups and their relations, and several subgroup series can be invariantly defined and are important invariants of groups.  A subgroup series is used in the subgroup method.

Subgroup series are a special example of the use of filtrations in abstract algebra.
Babimost
Babimost (Polish pronunciation: [baˈbʲimɔst] ⓘ; German: Bomst) is a town in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Babimost. Babimost has an area of 3.65 square kilometres (1.41 square miles), and as of June 2022 it has a population of 3,848.

Gmina Babimost
Gmina Babimost is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Babimost, which lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 92.75 square kilometres (35.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,212.
Li Xuerui
Li Xuerui (born 24 January 1991) is a retired Chinese professional badminton player. She is one of the most successful players of her time. She was a gold medalist at 2012 London Olympics in the women's singles event and was the silver medalists in the 2013 and 2014 World Championships. Li Xuerui won fourteen Superseries titles, confirming her status as China's second most successful player after Wang Yihan. She reached a career high of no. 1 in the women's singles for 124 weeks. Li graduated with a BA from Huaqiao University.

Wang Yihan
Wang Yihan (born 18 January 1988) is a retired Chinese professional badminton player and former women's singles world champion and Olympic silver medalist. Wang started her career with her coach Wang Pengren at only nine years of age. She was selected for the junior team in 2004, and after being promoted to the senior team in 2006, she began to shine in major tournaments. By October 2009 she was the top ranked Women's singles player in the world.
Dodeka keyboard
The Dodeka Keyboard design is an isomorphic keyboard invented and designed by Jacques-Daniel Rochat. It is similar to a piano keyboard but with only a single row of keys containing each chromatic note. The keys corresponding to C, E and A flat are highlighted to provide visual landmarks. The creators aimed to create a rational and chromatic approach to music and performance. As an isomorphic keyboard, any musical sequence or interval has the same shape in each of the 12 keys.

Isomorphic keyboard
An isomorphic keyboard is a musical input device consisting of a two-dimensional grid of note-controlling elements (such as buttons or keys) on which any given sequence and/or combination of musical intervals has the "same shape" on the keyboard wherever it occurs – within a key, across keys, across octaves, and across tunings.
Klitgaarden
Klitgaarden (lit. "The Dune House") is a former summer residence of the Danish royal family situated just south of Skagen on the northern tip of Jutland. The house was designed by Ulrik Plesner for King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine and completed in 1914. It is now owned and run by a trust and serves as a retreat for artists and scientists.

Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Alexandrine Auguste; 24 December 1879 – 28 December 1952) was Queen of Denmark from 1912 to 1947, as well as Queen of Iceland from 1918 to 1944 as the wife of King Christian X.

Alexandrine was the daughter of Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia. She was brought up with simplicity, and her early life was peripatetic, spending summers in Mecklenburg and the rest of the year in the south of France. She married Prince Christian of Denmark in 1898.

Alexandrine became crown princess in 1906 and queen consort of Denmark in 1912. She is not considered to have played any political role, but is described as being intelligent and a loyal support to her spouse. In spite of her German background, she was loyal to her new country and stood by her husband during the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.
Depositary receipt
A depositary receipt (DR) is a negotiable financial instrument issued by a bank to represent a foreign company's publicly traded securities. The depositary receipt trades on a local stock exchange. Depositary receipts facilitates buying shares in foreign companies, because the shares do not have to leave the home country.

Depositary receipts that are listed and traded in the United States are American depositary receipts (ADRs). European banks issue European depositary receipts (EDRs), and other banks issue global depository receipts (GDRs).

American depositary receipt
An American depositary receipt (abbreviated ADR, and sometimes spelled depository) is a negotiable security that represents securities of a foreign company and allows that company's shares to trade in the U.S. financial markets.

Shares of many non-U.S. companies trade on U.S. stock exchanges through ADRs, which are denominated and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, and may be traded like regular shares of stock. ADRs are also traded during U.S. trading hours, through U.S. broker-dealers. ADRs simplify investing in foreign securities because the depositary bank "manage[s] all custody, currency and local taxes issues".

The first ADR was introduced by J.P. Morgan in 1927 for the British retailer Selfridges on the New York Curb Exchange, the American Stock Exchange's precursor.

They are the U.S. equivalent of a global depository receipt (GDR). Securities of a foreign company that are represented by an ADR are called American depositary shares (ADSs).