hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania Route 74
Pennsylvania Route 74 (PA 74) is a 96.4-mile-long (155.1 km) north–south state highway located in central Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at the Mason–Dixon line southwest of Delta, where the road continues into Maryland as Maryland Route 165 (MD 165). The northern terminus is at PA 75 south of Port Royal.

Maryland Route 165
Maryland Route 165 (MD 165) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  The state highway runs 20.38 miles (32.80 km) from Baldwin, Baltimore County, north to the Pennsylvania state line in Cardiff, Harford County, where the highway continues as Pennsylvania Route 74 (PA 74).  MD 165 passes through western and northern Harford County, where it connects the communities of Fallston, Jarrettsville, Pylesville, and Whiteford.  The state highway was constructed as part of MD 24 through Pylesville and Whiteford in the late 1910s and early 1920s.  MD 165 from Baldwin through Jarrettsville to west of Pylesville was built in the late 1920s and early 1930s.  When MD 24 was rerouted in 1933, MD 165 was extended along that highway's old routing through Pylesville and Whiteford, much of which was relocated in 1960.
GoodTimes Entertainment
GT Media, Inc. was an American home video company that originated in 1984 under the name of GoodTimes Home Video. Though it produced its own titles, the company was well known due to its distribution of media from third parties and classics. The founders for the company were the brothers Kenneth, Joseph and Stanley Cayre (often referred to and credited simply as the "Cayre Brothers") of Salsoul Records. Its headquarters were in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The company had a distribution facility in Jersey City, New Jersey and a duplication facility in Bayonne, New Jersey, known as GTK Duplicating Co..

After the bankruptcy, GoodTimes' parent company was sold to Yoga-focused content company Gaiam in September 2005.

Gaia, Inc.
Gaia, Inc. is a publicly traded (NASDAQ:GAIA) American media company founded in 1988 by Jirka Rysavy in Louisville, Colorado. It owns and operates Gaia TV, a subscription video on-demand service consisting of original and licensed alternative media documentaries, including those on wellness, spirituality and conspiracy theories.

The service has been criticized for promoting false and misleading claims, including anti-vaccine misinformation.

As of September 13, 2018, Gaia TV had over 500,000 subscribers in 185 countries. As of 2024, they had 806,000 subscribers.
Chaotropic agent
A chaotropic agent is a molecule in water solution that can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules (i.e. exerts chaotropic activity). This has an effect on the stability of the native state of other molecules in the solution, mainly macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) by weakening the hydrophobic effect. For example, a chaotropic agent reduces the amount of order in the structure of a protein formed by water molecules, both in the bulk and the hydration shells around hydrophobic amino acids, and may cause its denaturation.

Conversely, an antichaotropic agent (kosmotropic) is a molecule in an aqueous solution that will increase the hydrophobic effects within the solution. Antichaotropic salts such as ammonium sulphate can be used to precipitate substances from the impure mixture. This is used in protein purification processes, to remove undesired proteins from solution.

Chaotropic activity
Chaotropicity describes the entropic disordering of lipid bilayers and other biomacromolecules which is caused by substances dissolved in water. According to the original usage and work carried out on cellular stress mechanisms and responses, chaotropic substances do not necessarily disorder the structure of water.

The chaotropic activities of solutes in the aqueous phase (e.g. ethanol, butanol, urea, MgCl2, and phenol) have been quantified using an agar-gelation assay. Whereas chaotropicity was first applied to studies of ions, it is equally applicable to alcohols, aromatics, ion mixtures, and other solutes. Furthermore, hydrophobic substances known to stress cellular systems (including benzene and toluene) can chaotropically disorder macromolecules and induce a chaotrope-stress response in microbial cells, even though they partition into the hydrophobic domains of macromolecular systems.
Belltower.News
Belltower.News is a German anti-fascist watchdog news website acting as the primary outlet of the Amadeu Antonio Foundation. Founded in 2007 by Die Zeit, the site was known as Netz gegen Nazis until 3 April 2017.

Die Zeit
Die Zeit (German pronunciation: [diː ˈtsaɪt], lit. 'The Time') is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles.
Zhumadian
Zhumadian (simplified Chinese: 驻马店; traditional Chinese: 駐馬店; pinyin: Zhùmǎdiàn; postal: Chumatien) is a prefecture-level city in southern Henan province, China. It borders Xinyang to the south, Nanyang to the west, Pingdingshan to the northwest, Luohe to the north, Zhoukou to the northeast, and the province of Anhui to the east.

As of the 2020 Chinese census, its total population was 7,008,427 inhabitants whom 1,466,913 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Yicheng District and Suiping County now conurbated.

It was once the center of the Cai state during the Eastern Zhou era. The state leaves its name in several of the subdivisions including Shangcai County and Xincai County.

Shangcai County
Shangcai County (simplified Chinese: 上蔡县; traditional Chinese: 上蔡縣; pinyin: Shàngcài Xiàn) is a county in the south of Henan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhumadian.

In 2016 over 100 people were charged for a phone scam involving impersonating military personnel, with 'almost all of them holding a hukou from Shangcai County in Henan Province.' This led to increased anti-Henan sentiment.
Version 7 Unix
Version 7 Unix, also called Seventh Edition Unix, Version 7 or just V7, was an important early release of the Unix operating system.  V7, released in 1979, was the last Bell Laboratories release to see widespread distribution before the commercialization of Unix by AT&T Corporation in the early 1980s.  V7 was originally developed for Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-11 minicomputers and was later ported to other platforms.

Research Unix
Research Unix refers to the early versions of the Unix operating system for DEC PDP-7, PDP-11, VAX, and Interdata 7/32 and 8/32 computers, developed in the Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research Center (CSRC). The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical Journal (Vol. 57, No. 6, Part 2 July/August 1978) to distinguish it from other versions internal to Bell Labs (such as PWB/UNIX and MERT) whose code-base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little-used until Version 8 Unix (1985), but has been retroactively applied to earlier versions as well. Prior to V8, the operating system was most commonly called simply UNIX (in caps) or the UNIX Time-Sharing System.

Ancient UNIX is any early release of the Unix code base prior to Unix System III, particularly the Research Unix releases prior to and including Version 7 (the base for UNIX/32V as well as later developments of AT&T Unix).
Schwartauer Werke
Schwartauer Werke (colloquially Schwartauer) is a German food manufacturing company based in Schleswig-Holstein. Over 950 employees work at its headquarteres in Bad Schwartau, Germany. Founded in 1899 it manufactures jams, spreads, dessert products, sirups and muesli and protein bars. In the 1960's, Ursula Oetker inherited the company and it was later, under the management of her son Arend Oetker, turned into a market leader Since 2002, Schwartauer was integrated into Hero Group (which is owned by Dr. Arend Oetker Holding GmbH & Co KG).

Bad Schwartau
Bad Schwartau (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʃvaʁtaʊ] ⓘ; Low German: Bad Swartau) is the largest city in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the river Trave and the Schwartau creek, approx. 5 km north of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Bad Schwartau is a spa-city, well known for its iodide saline waters. The city is located about 13 km from the Baltic Sea.
Stafford Poole
Stafford Poole, C.M (March 6, 1930 – November 1, 2020) was a Vincentian Catholic priest and a research historian. He was a former professor of history at the former St. John's Seminary College (closed 2002) in Camarillo, California and later served as president. The college closed in 2002. He is also known for his extensive writings about the history of the Catholic Church in Mexico and the devotion to the Virgin of Guadalupe.

Congregation of the Mission
The Congregation of the Mission (Latin: Congregatio Missionis), abbreviated CM and commonly called the Vincentians or Lazarists, is a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Vincent de Paul. It is associated with the Vincentian Family, a loose federation of organizations that consider Vincent de Paul as their founder or patron.
A Dog's Way Home (novel)
A Dog's Way Home is a 2017 novel by American author W. Bruce Cameron. It received a mostly positive reception and was adapted into a movie of the same name. It is followed by the 2021 novel A Dog's Courage.

A Dog's Way Home
A Dog's Way Home is a 2019 American adventure drama film directed by Charles Martin Smith from a screenplay by W. Bruce Cameron and Cathryn Michon, based on the 2017 novel of the same name by Cameron. The film stars Bryce Dallas Howard, Ashley Judd, Edward James Olmos, former dog actor Shelby, Alexandra Shipp, Wes Studi, Barry Watson, and Jonah Hauer-King. The film follows a dog named Bella (voiced by Howard and acted by Shelby) who travels more than 400 miles to find her owner.

It was released in the United States on January 11, 2019, to mixed reviews from critics and grossed $80 million worldwide.
Miloš Havel
Miloš Havel (3 November 1899 – 25 February 1968) was a Czech film producer and studio executive. Havel was a director of the film production company Lucernafilm, which was founded by his father in 1912. He was also a chairman of the film studio A-B, which built its new studios in Barrandov in 1932. He remained in charge of the studio during German occupation of Czechoslovakia. After World War II his wartime activities were criticized heavily, and he was put on trial for charges relating to collaboration with Nazi Germany. Though acquitted, he was banned from working in the film industry. He left the country and settled in Munich. He was the uncle of Czech president Václav Havel.

Barrandov Studios
Barrandov Studios is a set of film studios in Prague, Czech Republic. It is the largest film studio in the country and one of the largest in Europe. Barrandov has made several major Hollywood productions, including Mission Impossible, The Bourne Identity, Casino Royale, G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Zookeeper's Wife, Nosferatu, among others.
Kampfgeschwader 4
Kampfgeschwader 4 "General Wever" (KG 4) (Battle Wing 4) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II. The unit was formed in May 1939. The unit operated the Dornier Do 17, Junkers Ju 88 and Heinkel He 111 medium bombers, with later service on the Heinkel He 177 heavy bomber. The wing was named after General Walther Wever, the prime pre-war proponent for a strategic bombing capability for the Luftwaffe, who was killed in an aircraft accident in 1936.

Kampfgeschwader 100
Kampfgeschwader 100 (KG 100) was a Luftwaffe medium and heavy bomber wing of World War II and the first military aviation unit to use a precision-guided munition (the Fritz X anti-ship glide bomb) in combat to sink a warship (the Italian battleship Roma) on 9 September 1943.
RAF Grimsby
Royal Air Force Grimsby or more simply RAF Grimsby is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located near Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England. The site was operational during the Second World War as part of RAF Bomber Command initially as a satellite station for the Vickers Wellington bombers of RAF Binbrook. By early 1943 the station was equipped with Avro Lancaster bombers of No. 100 Squadron RAF.

Although the station was officially called RAF Grimsby, servicemen and locals referred to it as Waltham, the name of the nearby village Waltham.

No. 100 Squadron RAF
Number 100 Squadron is a former Royal Air Force squadron. It last operated the British Aerospace Hawk T1, providing 'aggressor' aircraft for air combat training from RAF Leeming in North Yorkshire, UK.
Breathalyzer
A breathalyzer or breathalyser (a portmanteau of breath and analyzer/analyser), also called an alcohol meter, is a device for measuring breath alcohol content (BrAC). It is commonly utilized by law enforcement officers whenever they initiate traffic stops. The name is a genericized trademark of the Breathalyzer brand name of instruments developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein in the 1950s.

Blood alcohol content
Blood alcohol content (BAC), also known as blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is the concentration of alcohol in a person's blood, measured for legal or medical purposes.

BAC is expressed as the mass of alcohol per unit volume of blood. In the United States and many other countries, it is commonly reported as a percentage, such as 0.08% (equivalent to 0.8 g/L). Legal limits for driving vary by country, ranging from zero tolerance policies to 0.08%. Levels above 0.40% (4 g/L) may be fatal.
Margaret Jull Costa
Margaret Elisabeth Jull Costa OBE, OIH (born 2 May 1949) is a British translator of Portuguese- and Spanish-language fiction and poetry, including the works of Nobel Prize winner José Saramago, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Paulo Coelho, Bernardo Atxaga, Carmen Martín Gaite, Javier Marías, and José Régio. She has won the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize more times than any other translator.

Eça de Queiroz
José Maria de Eça de Queiroz or Queirós (European Portuguese: [ˈɛsɐ ðɨ kɐjˈɾɔʃ]; 25 November 1845 – 16 August 1900) is generally considered to have been the greatest Portuguese writer in the realist style. Zola considered him to be far greater than Flaubert. In the London Observer, Jonathan Keates ranked him alongside Dickens, Balzac and Tolstoy.
Stielhandgranate 24
The Stielhandgranate 24 (lit. 'Stick hand grenade 24') or Stg. 24, also known as the potato masher (Kartoffelstampfer), or the doorknocker (Türklopfer), was an improvement over the stick grenades used by the Germans during World War I, which would be later be augumented during World War II with a fragmentation sleeve while in 1943, the Germans introduced a new variant designated as the Stielhandgranate 43.

Splitterring
The Splitterring (German compound combining Splitter (splinter or fragment) and Ring (ring)) was a fragmentation sleeve for the M24 and M43 stick grenades, developed by the Heer in 1942.   German stick grenades had only a thin steel casing surrounding the explosive charge, which relied principally on blast for effect; the addition of a Splitterring gave it greatly increased anti-personnel fragmentation ability.

A Splitterring was also developed for the never issued Panzerfaust 150 anti-tank weapon late in World War II. Combined with a time delay detonation of the Panzerfaust 150's projectile, it enabled the weapon to achieve air bursts above troops' positions.
Page v Smith
Page v Smith [1995] UKHL 7 is a decision of the House of Lords. It is part of the common law of England and Wales.

The case concerns foreseeability of psychiatric damage and creates an important distinction between primary and secondary victims in the English law of negligence relating to the recovery of such damage.

Nervous shock
In English law, a nervous shock is a psychiatric / mental illness or injury inflicted upon a person by intentional or negligent actions or omissions of another. Often it is a psychiatric disorder triggered by witnessing an accident, for example an injury caused to one's parents or spouse. Although the term "nervous shock" has been described as "inaccurate" and "misleading", it continues to be applied as a useful abbreviation for a complex concept. The possibility of recovering damages for nervous shock, particularly caused by negligence, is strongly limited in English law.
Foxtrot (2017 film)
Foxtrot (Hebrew: פוֹקְסטְרוֹט) is a 2017 internationally co-produced drama film written and directed by Samuel Maoz. It stars Lior Ashkenazi and Sarah Adler as a couple who are informed that their son, an IDF soldier, was killed in action.

The film was screened in the competition section of the 74th Venice International Film Festival where it won the Grand Jury Prize Silver Lion. It was also screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. It won the Ophir Award for Best Film, therefore becoming the Israeli entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards. Later in the year, it made the December shortlist, but ultimately did not receive a nomination.

Ophir Award
The Ophir Awards (Hebrew: פרס אופיר), full name: the Israel Film Academy Award, sometimes also known as the Israeli Oscars or the Israeli Academy Awards, are film awards for excellence in the Israeli film industry awarded by the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. The award, named after Israeli actor Shaike Ophir, has been granted since 1990.

The Academy Awards ceremony takes place every year in September, about four months before the announcement of the nominees for the American Academy Award. The winner of the "Best Film" award is sent as Israel's representative to compete for an Oscar nomination in the "Best Foreign Film Oscar Award" category. Out of the winners of the Ophir Award in the "Best Film" category over the years, 10 films have been chosen to be nominated for the Oscar Award in the "Best Foreign Film" category.
Vincent Lindon
Vincent Lindon (French pronunciation: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ lɛ̃dɔ̃]; born 15 July 1959) is a French actor and filmmaker. For his role in the film The Measure of a Man (2015), Lindon won Best Actor at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, Best Actor at the 41st César Awards and the IFFI Best Actor Award (Male) at the 46th International Film Festival of India.

Lindon was selected as the president of the jury for the main competition section of the 2022 Cannes Film Festival.

In 2024, Lindon was awarded the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice International Film Festival for his lead role in The Quiet Son.

2022 Cannes Film Festival
The 75th annual Cannes Film Festival is a film festival that took place from 17 to 28 May 2022. French actor Vincent Lindon served as jury president for the main competition. French actress Virginie Efira hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.

Swedish filmmaker Ruben Östlund won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for a second time with the comedy-drama film Triangle of Sadness. The Honorary Palme d'Or was awarded to American actors Forest Whitaker and Tom Cruise, the latter on short notice during the international premiere of Top Gun: Maverick.

The official poster for the festival was designed as a homage to The Truman Show (1998), the film was also selected for the Cinéma de la Plage section.

The festival opened with Final Cut by Michel Hazanavicius. The edition also marked the festival's return to its full spectator capacity after the disruption in its previous two year's editions due to COVID-19 restrictions in France.
George Salazar
George Ernest Salazar (born March 7, 1986) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his work on and off-Broadway. He made his Broadway debut in the 2011 revival of Stephen Schwartz's Godspell. Salazar originated the role of Michael Mell in Be More Chill (2015) and performed the role Off-Broadway (2018) and Broadway (2019) at the Lyceum Theater in New York City. He originated the role of Grover in The Lightning Thief: The Percy Jackson Musical and starred in Pasadena Playhouse's production of Little Shop of Horrors as Seymour Krelborn. On screen, he had a recurring role as George Conway in the FX limited anthology series Impeachment: American Crime Story (2016), and in 2025 made his feature film acting debut as the voice and facial motion capture for Happy, one of the Seven Dwarfs in Disney's live-action remake of Snow White.

Be More Chill (musical)
Be More Chill is a musical with original music and lyrics by Joe Iconis, and a book by Joe Tracz, based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Ned Vizzini. After a 2015 regional theatre production, the musical premiered off-Broadway in 2018. A Broadway production began previews on February 13, 2019, and officially opened on March 10, 2019. The Broadway production closed on August 11, 2019. An off West End production opened on February 18, 2020, and temporarily closed on March 16, 2020, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with the production being cancelled on June 3, 2020. In 2021, it was announced that the production, featuring the original London cast, would resume performances on the West End at the Shaftesbury Theatre for a 10-week run starting June 30. A Chicago production was set to open in July 2020.

As of 2018, a film adaptation is in development.
Mount Tamalpais and Muir Woods Railway
The Mount Tamalpais and Muir Woods Railway was a scenic tourist railway operating between Mill Valley and the east peak of Mount Tamalpais in Marin County, California, covering a distance of 8.19 miles (13.18 km), with a 2.88-mile (4.63 km) spur line to the Muir Woods. The railroad was incorporated in January 1896, and closed in the summer of 1930. Originally planned as a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge electric trolley line, the railroad was powered by a succession of geared steam locomotives. Billed as the "Crookedest Railroad in the World", the line was renowned for its steep and serpentine route, winding through picturesque terrain to a mountaintop tavern providing first-class hospitality and panoramic views of the San Francisco Bay Area. Despite its popularity, the railway met its demise following a fire in 1929, and dwindling ridership when the automobile could finally drive to Tamalpais' summit.

Mount Tamalpais
Mount Tamalpais (/tæməlˈpaɪɪs/; TAM-əl-PY-iss; Miwok: Támal Pájiṣ), known locally as Mount Tam, is a peak in Marin County, California, United States, often considered symbolic of Marin County. Much of Mount Tamalpais is protected within public lands such as Mount Tamalpais State Park, the Marin Municipal Water District watershed, and National Park Service land, such as Muir Woods.
Heckler & Koch XM8
The Heckler & Koch XM8 is a lightweight assault rifle system developed from the late 1990s to early 2000s. The rifle was designed by German small arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch (H&K), and shares design and engineering with their G36 rifle.

The XM8 design was originally part of the Objective Individual Combat Weapon program (OICW), which was developing a "smart" grenade launcher system with an underslung carbine rifle. The system was unable to meet performance and weight requirements and was eventually canceled. In the aftermath, the two portions of the OICW were separated, resulting in the XM8 and XM25 projects.

While the XM8 was being considered by the United States Army as a potential standard infantry rifle, to replace the M4 carbine, this project was put on hold in April 2005, and was formally canceled on October 31 of that year. The weapon was adopted by the Royal Malaysian Navy for its PASKAL special forces.

XM29 OICW
The XM29 OICW (Objective Individual Combat Weapon) was a series of prototypes of a new type of assault rifle that fired 20 mm HE airbursting projectiles.  The prototypes were developed as part of the Objective Individual Combat Weapon program in the 1990s. The term SABR (Selectable Assault Battle Rifle) was also used at certain points, but is less common.