hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rowlatts Hill
Rowlatts Hill (also known as Rowlatts Hill Estate, or R.H.E.) is an eastern, residential suburb of the English city of Leicester. It contains mostly council-owned housing.

The suburb is roughly bordered by Spencefield Lane to the east and Whitehall Road to the south, which separates it from neighbouring Evington. A second internal boundary is defined by Coleman Road, Ambassador Road, and Green Lane Road; Rowlatts Hill borders Crown Hills to the west. To the north of Rowlatts Hill lies Humberstone Park, bounded by Green Lane Road and Ambassador Road. Uppingham Road (the A47) also runs through or borders this northern part of Rowlatts Hill.

Goodwood, a sub-area within Rowlatts Hill, is located to the south-east of the area.

The Leicester General Hospital is located near Goodwood on Coleman Road, which is south of Uppingham Road (the A47).

Evington
Evington is an area of Leicester, and electoral ward of the Leicester district, in the ceremonial county of Leicestershire, England. It used to be a small village centred on Main Street and the Anglican church of St Denys but was close enough to Leicester to become one of the outer suburbs in the 1930s. Today, the ward comprises the historical village of Evington, as well as the modern ex-council estates of Rowlatts Hill and Goodwood. The population of the ward at the 2021 census was 17,268.
University of Algiers 2
The University of Algiers 2 (French: Université d'Alger 2), commonly called the Abou El Kacem Saadallah, is an Algerian public university located in Bouzareah, Algiers Province, in the north of the country.

Created in 2009 after the division of the University of Algiers to three universities (University of Algiers 1, University of Algiers 2 and University of Algiers 3).

University of Algiers 1
The University of Algiers 1 (Arabic: جامعة الجزائر), commonly called Benyoucef Benkhedda, is a public research university based in Algiers, Algeria. Founded in 1909 from the amalgamation of different French colonial educational institutions, it has become the oldest and most prestigious university in the country.
The Sermon for Necessities
The Sermon for Necessities (Arabic: خطبة الحاجة; transliterated as Khutbat-ul-Haajah) is a popular sermon (khutbah) in the Islamic world (particularly as the introduction to a khutbah during Jumu'ah). It is used as an introduction to numerous undertakings of a Muslim.

Khutbah
A khutbah (Arabic: خُطْبَة, khuṭba; Persian: خطبه, khotbeh; Turkish: hutbe) serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition. Someone who gives the khutbah is referred to as a khatib.

Such sermons occur regularly, as prescribed by the teachings of all legal schools. The Islamic tradition can be formally observed at the congregation prayer on Friday. In addition, similar sermons are called for on the two festival days (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha) and after Solar and Lunar Eclipse prayer, as well as after the Rain prayer.
Flag of the South African Republic
The South African Republic, which existed from 1852 to 1877, 1881 to 1902, and 1914 to 1915, used two flags: (1) the so-called 'Vierkleur' (English: Four-colour) from 1857 to 1874, and again from 1875 to 1877 and 1881 to 1902, and (2) the so-called 'Burgers Flag' from 1874 to 1875.  They were superseded by the flag of Transvaal. The Vierkleur was also used by the South African Republic declared in 1914 during the Maritz Rebellion, which lasted into February 1915.

Flag of Transvaal
The Flag of Transvaal was the official flag of the Transvaal colony in South Africa from circa 1903 to 1910.  It formed part of a system of colonial flags that was used throughout the British Empire.  It was superseded by the flag of the Union of South Africa.
Crooked Kingdom
Crooked Kingdom is a fantasy novel written by Israeli–American author Leigh Bardugo, published by Henry Holt and Co. in 2016. Set in a world loosely inspired by 19th-century Europe, it takes place days after the events of the duology's first book, Six of Crows. The plot is told from the third-person viewpoints of eight characters.

Six of Crows and Crooked Kingdom are set in the Grishaverse. The Crows reappear in Rule of Wolves (2021), part of the King of Scars duology where Nina Zenik is a major point-of-view character. Leigh Bardugo has discussed the possibility of writing a third book in this series, but has not confirmed it.

Six of Crows
Six of Crows is a fantasy novel written by the American author Leigh Bardugo and published by Henry Holt and Co. in 2015. The story follows a thieving crew and is primarily set in the city of Ketterdam, which is loosely inspired by Dutch Republic–era Amsterdam. The plot is told from third-person viewpoints of five (seven if the opening and closing chapters are considered) different characters.

The novel is the first of a duology, completed in Crooked Kingdom (2016). The series is part of Bardugo's Grishaverse. Nina's storyline continues in the King of Scars duology: King of Scars (2019) and Rule of Wolves (2021), with the other Crows making brief cameos in the latter. They are also featured in the Netflix television series Shadow and Bone (2021–2023), the series' first season giving them an original storyline, including time with characters from Shadow and Bone like Nikolai Lantsov and Genya Safin.
George Burns
George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum; January 20, 1896 – March 9, 1996) was an American comedian, actor, writer, and singer, and one of the few entertainers whose career successfully spanned vaudeville, radio, film, and television. His arched eyebrow and cigar-smoke punctuation became familiar trademarks. He and his wife Gracie Allen appeared on radio, television and film as the comedy duo Burns and Allen.

At age 79, Burns experienced a sudden career revival as an amiable, beloved, and unusually active comedy elder statesman in the 1975 film The Sunshine Boys, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Gracie Allen
Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie Allen (July 26, 1895 – August 27, 1964) was an American vaudevillian, singer, actress, and comedian who became internationally famous as the zany partner and comic foil of husband George Burns, her straight man, appearing with him on radio, television and film as the duo Burns and Allen.

For her contributions to the television industry, Allen was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6672 Hollywood Boulevard. She and Burns were inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1988.

Costar Bea Benaderet said of Allen in 1966, "She was probably one of the greatest actresses of our time."
Kevin Stott
Kevin Stott (born 1967) is a soccer referee for PRO from the United States. He was a FIFA referee from 1995 to 2008. Stott was selected as a referee for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany.

Stott was selected as MLS Referee of the Year in 2010, after being selected as a finalist seven times. He has been a referee in MLS for 20 years.

Professional Referee Organization
Professional Referee Organization (PRO) is the organization responsible for managing the referee and assistant referee program in professional soccer leagues in the United States and Canada, working alongside the United States Soccer Federation, Major League Soccer, the Canadian Soccer Association, the United Soccer League, the National Women's Soccer League, and the U.S. Open Cup.

The organization's targets are to increase the quality of officiating in U.S. and Canadian professional leagues, develop more professional-quality officials at a younger age, and produce officials who will represent the United States and Canada in FIFA competitions. The referees employed by PRO are represented by the PSRA.
Isotopes of erbium
Naturally occurring erbium (68Er) is composed of six stable isotopes, with 166Er being the most abundant (33.503% natural abundance). Radioisotopes have been characterized with from 145Er to 175Er, all having half-lives less than ten days: the most stable are 169Er (9.39 days), 172Er (49.3 hours), and 160Er (28.58 hours). All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 11 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 4 minutes. This element also has numerous meta states, with the most stable being 149m1Er (t1/2 = 8.9 seconds).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 166Er, is electron capture to holmium isotopes, and the primary mode after is beta decay to thulium isotopes. All isotopes of erbium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

Isotopes of holmium
Natural holmium (67Ho) contains one observationally stable isotope, 165Ho. The known isotopes of holmium range from 140Ho to 175Ho. The primary decay mode before the  stable 165Ho, is beta plus decay to dysprosium isotopes, and the primary mode after is beta minus decay to erbium isotopes.

Among the synthetic radioactive isotopes the most stable is 163Ho with a half-life of 4,570 years, the next most stable is 166Ho having a half-life of 26.812 hours, and others are under 4 hours. The isomeric nuclide 166m1Ho, however, has a half-life of 1,133 years, much the longest of the meta states.

Holmium-166 (ground state) has been studied for medical application.
General Command of Maynas
The General Command of Maynas was a governorate and general command of the Spanish Empire that existed from 1802 to 1822. It replaced the governorates of Quijos and Maynas, excluding the latter's village of Papallacta.

Governorate of Quijos
The Governorate of Quijos (Spanish: Gobierno de Quijos / Gobernación de los Quijos), also known unofficially as the Province of the Quijos (Spanish: Provincia de los Quijos, formerly Quixos) prior to 1577, was one of the provinces established at the eastern part of the Real Audiencia of Quito in 1559, varying between the Viceroyalties of Peru (1559–1717; 1723–1739) and New Granada (1717–1723; 1739–1802) until its ultimate reincorporation to Peru through the real cédula of July 15, 1802, as part of the General Command of Maynas.
Cebu Ferries
Cebu Ferries was a shipping company based in Cebu City, Philippines.  Its hubs were at Pier 4 in Cebu City. In 2012, Cebu Ferries and its sister companies; SuperFerry and SuperCat merged with Negros Navigation and rebranded as 2GO Travel.

Formerly the shipping company was a subsidiary of William Gothong & Aboitiz, better known as WG&A. Cebu Ferries was created to serve the VisMin Operations of WG&A. When WG&A split up, Jon Ramon Aboitiz retained Cebu Ferries and its sisters SuperCat Fast Ferry Corporation and SuperFerry. And Cebu Ferries became part of Aboitiz Transport System which was later purchased by Negros Navigation, which in turn was purchased by the Chinese government through its wholly owned private equity firm the China-Asean Investment Cooperation Fund and renamed 2GO Travel.

Negros Navigation
Negros Navigation Co., Inc. (NENACO) was one of the oldest domestic shipping companies in the Philippines. It was also one of the largest companies in the shipping business in the Philippines. Its main hub was in Pier 2, Manila North Harbor. In 2012, Its passenger and freight operations merged with Aboitiz Transport System (ATS) brands to form 2GO Travel. It later merged with 2GO Group in 2018.
Parapsychology
Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, teleportation, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Parapsychology has been criticized for continuing investigation despite being unable to provide reproducible evidence for the existence of any psychic phenomena after more than a century of research.

Parapsychology research rarely appears in mainstream scientific journals; a few niche journals publish most papers about parapsychology.

Apparitional experience
In parapsychology, an apparitional experience is an anomalous experience characterized by the apparent perception of either a living being or an inanimate object without there being any material stimulus for such a perception.

In academic discussion, the term "apparitional experience" is preferred to the term "ghost" because:

The term ghost implies that some element of the human being survives death and, at least under certain circumstances, can make itself perceptible to living human beings. There are other competing explanations of apparitional experiences.

Firsthand accounts of apparitional experiences differ in many respects from their fictional counterparts in literary or traditional ghost stories and films (see below).

The content of apparitional experiences includes living beings, both human and animal, and even inanimate objects.
Body force
In physics, a body force is a force that acts throughout the volume of a body. Forces due to gravity, electric fields and magnetic fields are examples of body forces. Body forces contrast with contact forces or surface forces which are exerted to the surface of an object.
Fictitious forces such as the centrifugal force, Euler force, and the Coriolis effect are other examples of body forces.

Surface force
Surface force denoted fs is the force that acts across an internal or external surface element in a material body. 
Normal forces and shear forces between objects are types of surface force. All cohesive forces and contact forces between objects are considered as surface forces.
Surface force can be decomposed into two perpendicular components: normal forces and shear forces. A normal force acts normally over an area and a shear force acts tangentially over an area.
Padina, Belgrade
Padina (Serbian Cyrillic: Падина) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Zvezdara. After one of the central streets, it is also called Vojvoda Vlahović, but is also referred to as Braće Jerković II, because it makes urban connection to it. The neighborhood is sometimes also referred to as Medaković Padina (Serbian Cyrillic: Медаковић Падина, transl. Medaković Slope).

Braće Jerković
Braće Jerković or colloquially Jerković (Serbian Cyrillic: Браће Јерковић or Јерковић; pronounced [brât͡ɕɛː jɛ̌ːrkɔv̞it͡ɕ]) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Voždovac.
Captain Thunderbolt's Death Site
Captain Thunderbolt's Death Site is a heritage-listed paddock in the Kentucky District, in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It is one of a group of historic sites labelled The Captain Thunderbolt Sites for their association with bushranger Captain Thunderbolt, along with Captain Thunderbolt's Rock, Blanch's Royal Oak Inn, and Captain Thunderbolt's Grave. Collectively, all properties were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 July 2012.

Captain Thunderbolt's Rock
Thunderbolt's Rock is a heritage-listed rock and now picnic site and tourist attraction located adjacent to the New England Highway in Uralla, a town in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Split Rock and Big Rock. The property is owned by Uralla Shire Council. It is one of a group of historic sites labelled The Captain Thunderbolt Sites for their association with bushranger Captain Thunderbolt, along with Blanch's Royal Oak Inn, Captain Thunderbolt's Death Site, and Captain Thunderbolt's Grave. Collectively, all properties were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 July 2012.
Telugu Brahmins
Telugu Brahmins are ethnic-Telugus who belong to Brahmin communities native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They fall under the Pancha Dravida Brahmin classification of the Brahmin community in India. Telugu Brahmins are further divided into sections like Vaidiki, Niyogi, Deshastha, Dravida, Golkonda Vyapari among others.

Dravida Brahmin
Dravida Brahmins, or simply Dravidulu, are Hindu brahmins and a sub-caste of the Telugu Brahmins of Andhra Pradesh in South India, who migrated from Tamil-speaking regions. They are further divided into sub-sects based on the places where they have settled such as Aaraama Dravidulu, Pudur Dravidulu, Konaseema Dravidulu, Peruru Dravidulu, Tummagunta Dravidulu and Dimili Dravidulu. They are primarily categorized as the Saiva Brahmins or followers of Shiva.
Barking station
Barking is an interchange station serving the town of Barking, east London. It is served by London Underground, London Overground and National Rail main line services. It is located on Station Parade, in the town centre.

On the London Underground, Barking is a stop on the District line and is also the eastern terminus of the Hammersmith & City line. On the London Overground, it is on the Suffragette line. On the National Rail network, it is served by c2c services operating to and from Fenchurch Street. There is also interchange with London Buses and East London Transit routes on the station frontage.

The station was opened in 1854 by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway as one of the first stations on the route. It was rebuilt in 1908 and again in 1959.

East London Transit
East London Transit (ELT) is a part-segregated bus rapid transit system in London, England, operated as part of the London Buses network. The East London Transit opened in phases between 2010 and 2013. The scheme for this system was developed by Transport for London to meet the existing and anticipated demand for public transport in east London caused by the Thames Gateway redevelopment, and has been planned to allow for a possible future upgrade to tram operation.

It connects National Rail, London Underground, the Elizabeth line and London Overground stations in the London boroughs of the Redbridge, and Barking and Dagenham with other major population centers, such as Barking Riverside, that were currently only served by bus routes. The first stage of the scheme opened on 20 February 2010. There are proposals for a variety of extensions.
Treaty of Constantinople (1700)
The Treaty of Constantinople or Istanbul was signed on 13 July 1700 between the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1686-1700. Russian tsar Peter the Great secured possession of the Azov region and freed his forces to participate in the Great Northern War. The treaty was superseded by the Treaty of the Pruth in 1711, after the Ottoman Empire became involved in this war.

Treaty of the Pruth
The Treaty of the Pruth was signed on the banks of the river Prut between the Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Russia on 23 July 1711 ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1713 with the assistance of Peter Shafirov. The treaty was a political victory for the Ottoman Empire.

The Treaty stipulated the return of Azov Fortress to the Ottomans, Taganrog and several Russian fortresses were to be demolished, and the Tsar pledged to stop interfering in the affairs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which the Russians increasingly saw as under their sphere of influence.
CodeSandbox
CodeSandbox is a cloud-based online integrated development environment (IDE) focused on web application development. It supports popular web technologies such as JavaScript, TypeScript, React, Vue.js, and Node.js. CodeSandbox allows users to create, edit, and deploy web applications directly from the browser with zero setup. CodeSandbox is widely used for front-end development, rapid prototyping, sharing code snippets, and real-time collaborative coding. It provides GitHub integration, templates for common frameworks, and a cloud-based development container for full-stack projects.

Online integrated development environment
An online integrated development environment, also known as a web IDE or cloud IDE, is an integrated development environment that can be accessed from a web browser. Online IDEs can be used without downloads or installation, instead operating fully within modern web browsers such as Firefox, Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge. Online IDEs can enable software development on low-powered devices that are normally unsuitable. An online IDE does not usually contain all of the same features as a traditional desktop IDE, only basic IDE features such as a source-code editor with syntax highlighting. Integrated version control and read–eval–print loop (REPL) may also be included.
Calafat
Calafat (Romanian pronunciation: [kalaˈfat] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Калафат) is a city in Dolj County, southern Romania, in the region of Oltenia. It lies on the river Danube, opposite the Bulgarian city of Vidin, to which it is linked by the Calafat-Vidin Bridge, opened in 2013. After the destruction of the bridges of late antiquity, for centuries Calafat was connected with the southern bank of the Danube by boat, and later by ferryboat.

The city administers three villages: Basarabi, Golenți, and Ciupercenii Vechi.

New Europe Bridge
The New Europe Bridge, also known as Danube Bridge 2 (Bulgarian: Мост Нова Европа/Дунав мост 2, romanized: Most Nova Evropa/Dunav most 2; Romanian: Podul Noua Europă) is a road and rail bridge between the cities of Vidin, Bulgaria, and Calafat, Romania. It is the second bridge on the shared section of the Danube between the two countries. It is an extradosed bridge and was built by the Spanish company Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, at the cost of €226 million. It was officially opened with a ceremony held on 14 June 2013. The first vehicles were allowed to cross the bridge after midnight, on 15 June 2013.

It was previously known as Danube Bridge 2 (Bulgarian: Дунав мост 2, romanized: Dunav most 2; Romanian: Podul 2 peste Dunăre) and informally called the Vidin–Calafat Bridge or Calafat–Vidin Bridge (Bulgarian: Мост Видин–Калафат, romanized: Most Vidin–Kalafat; Romanian: Podul Calafat–Vidin). The latter is the most common name it receives in Romania.
Joseph Lang
Joseph Ignatius Lang (February 4, 1911 – November 13, 1990) was an American boxer who had competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics. Lang was born in Lovelock, Nevada and died in Santa Clara, California. In 1932 he finished fourth in the bantamweight class. After losing in the semi-finals to Hans Ziglarski, he was unable to compete in the bronze medal competition against José Villanueva.

Hans Ziglarski
Hans Ziglarski (Polish: Jan Żyglarski, 16 October 1905 in Białystok, Russian Empire – 12 February 1975) was a Polish-German boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In 1928 he lost his first fight against Vince Glionna and was eliminated in the first round of the bantamweight competition. Four years later he won the silver medal in the bantamweight class after losing the final against Horace Gwynne. After World War II, Ziglarski went to Tehran and coached the Iranian boxer Emmanuel Agassi, the father of tennis player Andre Agassi.
Futsunushi
Futsunushi (経津主神, Futsunushi-no-Kami; also 布都怒志命 or 布都努志命, Futsunushi-no-Mikoto), also known as Iwainushi (斎主神 or 伊波比主神, Iwainushi-no-Kami), is a warrior god in Japanese mythology. Also known under the epithet Katori Daimyōjin (香取大明神) after his shrine in northern Chiba Prefecture (historical Shimōsa Province), Katori Jingū, he is often revered alongside Takemikazuchi (the god of Kashima Shrine), with whom he is closely associated (his brother). He is the general of Amaterasu and regarded as a legendary ancestor of the Mononobe clan, and like Takemikazuchi is one of the tutelary deities of the Fujiwara clan.

Takemikazuchi
Takemikazuchi (建御雷/武甕槌) is a deity in Japanese mythology, considered a god of thunder and a sword god. He also competed in what is considered the first sumo wrestling match recorded in history.

He is otherwise known as "The kami of Kashima" (Kashima-no-kami), the chief deity revered in the Kashima Shrine at Kashima, Ibaraki (and all other subsidiary Kashima shrines). In the namazu-e or catfish prints of the Edo period, Takemikazuchi/Kashima is depicted attempting to subdue the Namazu, a giant catfish supposedly dwelling at the kaname-ishi (要石; 'pinning rock') of the Japanese landmass and causing its earthquakes.