hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Complex system approach to peace and armed conflict
In the complex system approach to peace and armed conflict, the social systems of armed conflict are viewed as complex dynamical systems. The study of positive and negative feedback processes, attractors and system dimensionality, phase transitions and emergence is seen as providing improved understanding of the conflicts and of the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of interventions aiming to resolve the conflicts.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Oscar Mabuyane
Lubabalo Oscar Mabuyane (born 24 February 1974) is a South African politician who has been serving as the seventh Premier of the Eastern Cape since May 2019. He was previously Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism in the Eastern Cape provincial government from May 2018 to May 2019.

Formerly a businessman and aide to politician Enoch Godongwana, Mabuyane rose to political prominence through the African National Congress (ANC) and ANC Youth League in the Eastern Cape. He was elected ANC Provincial Secretary in 2009 and ANC Provincial Chairperson in 2017 before his ascension to the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature in February 2018. In May 2022, he was elected to a second term as Provincial Chairperson of the Eastern Cape ANC.

Premier of the Eastern Cape
The premier of the Eastern Cape is the  head of government of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The current premier of the Eastern Cape is Oscar Mabuyane, a member of the African National Congress, who was elected in the 2019 election. He took office on 22 May 2019.
The Magician (French TV series)
The Magician (French: Le Magicien) is a French animated superhero television series created by Florian Ferrier, Savin Yeatman and Gilles Adrien, the second of whom also served as the series' story editor. It was produced by Gaumont Multimedia in 1997 and is currently owned by Xilam. It aired on France 3 starting on September 2, 1998, and later on Fox as part of its Fox Kids programming block in 1999 as one of the few European shows to air in the US at the time.

Xilam
Xilam Animation SAS  is a French animation studio which specializes in making animated television series and feature films. Marc du Pontavice and his wife Alix de Maistre founded it in 1999 as a replacement for the animation division of Gaumont Multimédia, which was itself an offshoot of the company's television division Gaumont Télévision, a company he co-founded in 1990.
Church of the Assumption (Penang)
The Church of the Assumption is a Roman Catholic church within George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Established following the founding of George Town in 1786, it is the third oldest Catholic church in Malaysia. The church was also the seat of the bishop of Penang from 1955 to 2003.

Holy Spirit Cathedral, Penang
The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit is a Roman Catholic cathedral within George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Sited at the residential estate of Island Park near Green Lane, the cathedral is a World Heritage Church (minor) and the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Penang, currently Cardinal Sebastian Francis.
Jeffrey M. Lacker
Jeffrey M. Lacker (born September 27, 1955) is an American economist and was president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond until April 4, 2017. He was a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Economics at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Business in Richmond, Virginia.

Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond is the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve located in Richmond, Virginia. It covers the District of Columbia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and most of West Virginia excluding the Northern Panhandle. Branch offices are located in Baltimore, Maryland and Charlotte, North Carolina. Thomas I. Barkin became president of the Richmond Fed following the retirement of Jeffrey M. Lacker in April 2017.
The previous president, J. Alfred Broaddus, retired in 2004.
Yuji Yasuraoka
Yuji Yasuraoka (安良岡裕二 Yasuraoka Yuji) (born January 28, 1971) is a retired Japanese professional wrestler. He is best known for his work in Wrestle Association R, where he became a one-time Tenryu Project International Junior Heavyweight Champion and a four-time Tenryu Project International Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champion.

Tenryu Project International Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship
The Tenryu Project International Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (Japanese: 天龍プロジェクト認定インターナショナル・ジュニアヘビー級タッグ王座, Hepburn: Tenryū Purojekuto Nintei Intānashonaru Junia Hebī-kyū Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team  championship contested for in the Japanese promotion Wrestle Association R, and later Dragon Gate and Tenryu Project. This title was the first tag team championship in Japan dedicated to junior heavyweight wrestlers. In the revived Tenryu Project, the title is also referred to as the IJ Tag Team Championship (IJタッグ王座, IJ Taggu Ōza).
Nicholls Colonels cross country
The Nicholls Colonels cross country program represents Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States. The program includes separate men's and women's cross country teams, both of which compete in the Southland Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The teams host home meets at the Nicholls Farm and are coached by Stefanie Slekis.

Nicholls Colonels
The Nicholls Colonels are the 15 teams representing Nicholls State University, a university in Louisiana, in intercollegiate athletics. The Colonels compete in the NCAA Division I and the Colonels football team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). The Colonels sports teams are members of the Southland Conference.
Sub Focus
Nicolaas Douwma (born 13 April 1982), better known by his stage name Sub Focus, is an English DJ, music producer, songwriter and sound engineer. He has been releasing records since 2003. On 12 October 2009, he released his self-titled debut album. He released his second album, Torus, on 30 September 2013. Douwma's album in collaboration with Wilkinson titled Portals was released on 9 October 2020 through Casablanca Records. His fourth album, Evolve, was released on 12 May 2023.

Sub Focus (album)
Sub Focus is the debut album by British drum and bass producer Sub Focus. It was released on 12 October 2009 through RAM Records. The album primarily features drum and bass tracks, however there are tracks showcasing dubstep, electro, house, breakbeat and trance music elements. "Rock It / Follow the Light" managed to break into the top 40 of the UK Singles Chart. Two later singles, "Could This Be Real" and "Splash", both fell just below, peaking at number 41. The album charted at number 51 on the UK Albums Chart.
Kyo (musician)
Kyo (Japanese: 京, Hepburn: Kyō; born February 16, 1976 in Kyoto) is a Japanese musician, singer, lyricist and poet. He is best known as the vocalist and lyricist of the heavy metal band Dir En Grey. He was formerly in a string of visual kei rock bands, with the most notable being La:Sadie's from 1996 to 1997. When they disbanded, he formed Dir En Grey in February 1997 with three of the other four members. Kyo formed the experimental rock band Sukekiyo in 2013, and the supergroup Petit Brabancon in 2021.

Dir En Grey
Dir En Grey (stylized as DIR EN GREY and previously as Dir en grey) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in February 1997 and currently signed to Firewall Div., a sub-division of Free-Will. With a consistent lineup of vocalist Kyo, guitarists Kaoru and Die, bassist Toshiya, and drummer Shinya, they have released eleven full-length albums. Numerous stylistic changes have made the genre of their music difficult to determine, though it is generally considered to be a form of metal. Originally a visual kei band, the members later opted for more subtle attire, but have continued to maintain a dramatic image on stage.
Calveley
Calveley is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Alpraham and Calveley, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The village lies 5½ miles to the north west of Nantwich. The parish also includes parts of the settlements of Barrets Green and Wardle Bank. The area is largely agricultural and includes a short stretch of the Shropshire Union Canal. There is an Anglican parish church, a primary school and a public house. Nearby villages include Alpraham, Bunbury, Haughton and Wardle. In 2011 the parish had a population of 280.

Calveley Church
Calveley Church is in the village of Calveley, Cheshire, England.  It is an active Anglican church in the parish of St Boniface, Bunbury, the deanery of Malpas, the archdeaconry of Chester, and the diocese of Chester.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.
Bag Raiders
Bag Raiders are an Australian electronic music duo founded in 2006 by Jack Glass and Chris Stracey. They play keyboards, drums, and act as vocalists, producers, and remixers, with Stracey additionally playing guitar, violin and piano. They also write and produce other artists' work. In 2009, they were rated at number 11 on the Inthemix poll of Australia's top 50 DJs.

In October 2010, they released their self-titled debut album, which peaked at number 7 on the ARIA Albums Chart and received a J Award album of the year nomination. The album's song "Shooting Stars" renewed the band's popularity seven years after its release, when it began being used as part of a popular Internet meme.

Bag Raiders (album)
Bag Raiders is the debut studio album by Australian electronic duo Bag Raiders, released on 1 October 2010 by Modular Recordings. The album debuted at number 7 on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart.

The album included the song "Shooting Stars", originally released on the group's 2008 EP, Turbo Love!.

At the J Awards of 2010, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year.
Erath, Louisiana
Erath /ˈiːræθ/ is a town in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,114 at the 2010 census, and 2,030 at the 2020 population estimates program. It is part of the Abbeville micropolitan statistical area and the Lafayette metropolitan area.

Abbeville, Louisiana
Abbeville is a city in and the parish seat of Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States.  The population was 12,257 at the 2010 census. At the 2020 population estimates program, the population of the city was 11,927.  It is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of Lafayette.
Maverick County, Texas
Maverick County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 57,887. Its county seat is Eagle Pass. The county was created in 1856 and organized in 1871. It is named for Samuel Maverick, cattleman and state legislator.

The Eagle Pass, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Maverick County. It is east of the Mexican border.

Eagle Pass, Texas
Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County, Texas, United States. Its population was 28,130 as of the 2020 census.  Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande river.
Arceuthobium abietinum
Arceuthobium abietinum, commonly known as fir dwarf mistletoe, is a species of dwarf mistletoe. It is native to western North America from Washington to New Mexico to northern Mexico, where it lives in coniferous forests as a parasite on various species of fir, particularly white fir, giant fir, and red fir, and less commonly on species of pine and spruce. There are four recognized varieties of A. abietinum, largely distinguished by their host preferences and geographic ranges. Largely because of its impacts on host trees, including the production of witch's brooms, A. abietinum significantly impacts forest ecology where it is present.

Abies concolor
Abies concolor, the white fir, concolor fir, or Colorado fir, is a coniferous tree in the pine family Pinaceae. This tree is native to the mountains of western North America, including the Sierra Nevada and southern Rocky Mountains, and into the isolated mountain ranges of southern Arizona, New Mexico, and Northern Mexico. It naturally occurs at elevations between 900 and 3,400 metres (3,000 and 11,200 ft).

It is popular as an ornamental landscaping tree and as a Christmas tree.
Shah Ahmad Shafi
Shah Ahmad Shafi (Bengali: শাহ আহমদ শফী; 5 April 1930 – 18 September 2020) was a Bangladeshi Sunni Islamic scholar, the chief of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh, Rector of Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari and also the chairman of Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board. He was born in 1930 in Rangunia, Chittagong and was educated at Hathazari Madrasah and Darul Uloom Deoband.

Darul Uloom Hathazari
Al-Jāmiʿah al-Ahliyyah Dār al-ʿUlūm Muʿīn al-Islām (Arabic: الجامعة الأهلية دار العلوم معين الإسلام), popularly known as the Hāṭhazārī Madrasah (Bengali: হাটহাজারী মাদ্রাসা) or the Great Madrasah (Bengali: বড় মাদ্রাসা, romanized: Boṛo Madraśa), is a Qawmi institution of Hathazari, located in Bangladesh's Chittagong District. Established in 1901, it is the largest and oldest Deobandi seminary in the country. According to a 2009 National Bureau of Asian Research report, the highly reputed institution ranks among top ten madrasah in the subcontinent.
Urban Services Department
Urban Services Department (Chinese: 市政總署) was a government department in Hong Kong. It carried out the policies and managed the facilities of the former Urban Council. After being abolished with the Urban Council in 1999, its functions were inherited by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department and the Leisure and Cultural Services Department.

Leisure and Cultural Services Department
The Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD), is a department in the Government of Hong Kong. It reports to the Culture, Sports & Tourism Bureau, headed by the Secretary for Culture, Sports and Tourism. It provides leisure and cultural activities for the people of Hong Kong, which was also one of the tasks of the former Urban Council, and Regional Council and Home Affairs Bureau. It manages various public facilities around Hong Kong including public libraries, swimming pools, sports centres, parks, beaches and waterfront areas. The well-known Hong Kong Cultural Centre and Hong Kong Space Museum are among several museums also managed by the department. It was established in 2000 and its headquarters is in Shatin, New Territories.

Until July 2022, the department was headed by the Secretary for Home Affairs.
Terry Jermy
Terry James Jermy (born August 1985) is a British politician and journalist who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for South West Norfolk since 2024. A member of the Labour Party, he defeated former prime minister Liz Truss, who had represented the constituency since 2010. Prior to becoming an MP, Jermy had also previously served on the Norfolk County Council, Breckland District Council and Thetford Town Council.

South West Norfolk in the 2024 United Kingdom general election
An election took place in the East Anglia constituency of South West Norfolk on 4 July 2024, as part of the 2024 general election. Liz Truss, the shortest-serving British prime minister in history, was standing for re-election as MP. On 2 July, in anticipation of a large Labour victory in the general election, a national poll of voters by Portland Communications had shown that Truss was the Conservative politician the highest percentage of people (28%) wanted to see lose their seat.

Suffering from both a reduction in popular support and vote splitting with Reform UK candidate Toby McKenzie and independent James Bagge, Truss lost her seat with a 43.7% fall in the Conservative vote share, despite having won 69% of the vote at the previous election; The Spectator labelled the result the "Portillo moment" of the year.
Mississippi Highway 4
Mississippi Highway 4 (MS 4) runs east–west from an intersection in the community of Fox Island west of Tunica, Mississippi, near the border with Arkansas, to MS 25 in Tishomingo County, Mississippi. It travels a distance of 159.8 miles (257.2 km), serving Tunica, Tate, Marshall, Benton, Tippah, Prentiss, and Tishomingo counties.

Tate County, Mississippi
Tate County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,064. Its county seat is Senatobia. Organized in 1873 during the Reconstruction era, from portions of DeSoto, Marshall, and Tunica counties, the county is named for Thomas Simpson Tate, one of the first prominent American settlers of the area.

Tate County is part of the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located about 40 miles (64 km) south of Memphis and one county east of the Mississippi River. This fertile river valley was developed for cotton cultivation in the 19th century.
The Breeze: An Appreciation of JJ Cale
The Breeze: An Appreciation of JJ Cale is a collaborative studio album featuring Eric Clapton and a host of other musicians. It consists of covers of songs by J. J. Cale, who had died the previous year. It was named after Cale's 1972 single "Call Me the Breeze". It was produced by Clapton and Simon Climie. The guests invited on the album include Tom Petty, Mark Knopfler, Willie Nelson and John Mayer.

JJ Cale
John Weldon "JJ" Cale (December 5, 1938 – July 26, 2013) was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Though he avoided the limelight, his influence as a musical artist has been acknowledged by figures such as  Neil Young, Mark Knopfler, Waylon Jennings, and Eric Clapton, who described him as one of the most important artists in rock history. He is one of the originators of the Tulsa sound, a loose genre drawing on blues, rockabilly, country, and jazz.

In 2008, Cale and Clapton received a Grammy Award for their album The Road to Escondido.
Lizzy Gardiner
Lizzy Gardiner (born 1966) is an Australian costume designer, who has been working in Hollywood since the early 1990s. Noted for her originality, she is best known for her American Express gold card dress which she wore to collect her Academy Award for Best Costume Designer at the 67th Academy Awards in 1995 for her work on The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. Her highest profile film was Mission: Impossible 2 in 2000 for which she designed the costumes.

American Express Gold Card dress
Australian costume designer Lizzy Gardiner wore a dress made of 254 American Express Gold cards to the 67th Academy Awards on 27 March 1995, where she won the Best Costume Design award for her work on the 1994 film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. All of the cards were authentic, but had expired.
The Joykiller
The Joykiller was an American punk rock supergroup from Huntington Beach, California, United States. The Joykiller were formed in 1995 by Jack Grisham of T.S.O.L., Billy Persons (The Weirdos/Gun Club) and Ronnie King. After the formation of the band Jack recruited his ex-T.S.O.L. bandmate Ron Emory on guitar and added Chris Lagerborg on drums. This original line-up recorded one album on Epitaph Records, The Joykiller, before Emory was replaced in 1996.

The next line-up saw the addition of songwriter Sean Greaves on guitar. They recorded two albums on the Epitaph label, Static and Three, and toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe.

The Joykiller released their fifth record, Music for Break-Ups, in January 2015.

T.S.O.L.
T.S.O.L. (True Sounds of Liberty) is an American punk rock band formed in 1978 in Huntington Beach, California. Although most commonly associated with hardcore punk, T.S.O.L.'s music has varied on each release, including such styles as deathrock, art punk, horror punk, other varieties of punk music, and hard rock.
Daumantas of Pskov
Daumantas (c. 1221/1240 –  20 May 1299) was a Lithuanian nobleman who reigned as Prince of Pskov from 1266 until he died in 1299. Originally a Duke of Nalšia in the Kingdom of Lithuania, Daumantas fled internal political conflict and sought refuge in Pskov, eventually becoming its ruler. Under his leadership, Pskov asserted greater political autonomy and achieved de facto independence from Novgorod.

Daumantas was later canonized by the Eastern Orthodox Church for his righteous rule and defense of the city. He is venerated as a local saint, with his feast day commemorated on 20 May.

Pskov Republic
The Pskov Republic (Russian: Псковская республика, romanized: Pskovskaya respublika) was a city-state in northwestern Russia. It is traditionally considered to have won its formal independence from the Novgorod Republic in 1348. Its capital city was Pskov and its territory was roughly equivalent to modern-day Pskov Oblast.
Bort number
Bort numbers are markings usually found on the side of the fuselage of Soviet (and later Russian) military aircraft that help identify the aircraft's unit and/or base assignment. In Russian use, the bort number is analogous to the United States' military tail code system and does not provide unique aircraft identification.

Tail code
Tail codes are markings usually on the vertical stabilizer of U.S. military aircraft that help identify the aircraft's unit and/or base assignment. This is not the same as the serial number, bureau number, or aircraft registration which provide unique aircraft identification.
Ahmose-Nefertari
Ahmose-Nefertari (Ancient Egyptian: Jꜥḥ ms Nfr trj) was the first Great Royal Wife of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She was a daughter of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I, and royal sister and wife to Ahmose I. Her son Amenhotep I became pharaoh and she may have served as his regent when he was young. Ahmose-Nefertari was deified after her death.

Ahmose I
Ahmose I (Amosis, Aahmes; meaning "Iah (the Moon) is born") was a pharaoh and founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. His reign is usually dated to the mid-16th century BC at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age.

During his rule, Ahmose completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos, restored Theban rule over Lower- and Upper Egypt, and successfully reasserted Egyptian power in its formerly subject territories of Nubia and Canaan. He then reorganized the administration of the country, reopened quarries, mines and trade routes and began massive construction projects of a type that had not been undertaken since the time of the Middle Kingdom. This building program culminated in the construction of the last pyramid built by native Egyptian rulers. Ahmose's reign laid the foundations for the New Kingdom, under which Egyptian power reached its peak.