hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panagyurishte-style eggs
Panagyurishte-style eggs (in Bulgarian: Яйца по панагюрски) is a popular Bulgarian dish originated from 15th century Turkish dish Çılbır made in Ottoman kitchen to Sultans. Food is made with poached eggs, Bulgarian yoghurt and sirene, and is eaten warm, often for lunch.

Çılbır
Çılbır or Turkish Eggs is a Turkish dish of poached eggs with yogurt (often with garlic mixed in).

There are records of çılbır being eaten by Ottoman sultans as far back as the 15th century. It is now common to serve the dish topped with melted butter infused with Aleppo pepper, for which paprika can be substituted.

In several Balkan countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, the Turkish word çılbır is rendered as čimbur and refers to a dish of fried eggs. Almost identical is the Panagyurski style eggs dish in Bulgaria.
CSS Livingston
CSS Livingston was a sidewheel steamer operated by the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. Livingston was acquired by the Confederacy in 1861 and was converted from a civilian vessel by John Hughes & Company into a warship. Mounting six cannons, the vessel was slow and had a particulary wide beam for its size. Sent up the Mississippi River in 1862, Livingston was part of the Confederate fleet at Columbus, Kentucky, and New Madrid, Missouri, before the abandonment of those places and assisted in the evacuation of a Confederate fort at New Madrid.  Livingston's guns were removed and added to the shore defenses at Fort Randolph in early May. After the Confederates withdrew from Fort Pillow in early June 1862, Livingston went up the Yazoo River with CSS General Polk. On June 26, Livingston, General Polk, and CSS General Earl Van Dorn were all burned at Liverpool Landing, Mississippi, to prevent their capture by Union forces.

CSS General Polk
CSS General Polk was a sidewheel steamer used as a warship by the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. launched in 1852 at New Albany, Indiana, as Ed Howard, the vessel was originally a packet steamer between Nashville, Tennessee, and New Orleans, Louisiana. After the outbreak of the war, the Confederate government purchased her for $8,000. She was commissioned into military service on October 22, 1861, and sent to Columbus, Kentucky the following month. On January 11, 1862, General Polk participated in the Battle of Lucas Bend. After the Confederates abandoned Columbus, General Polk served in the Island No. 10 and New Madrid, Missouri, area, until those positions as well fell. She was then stationed at Fort Pillow and Memphis, Tennessee, before withdrawing up the Yazoo River. On June 26, General Polk was burned at Liverpool Landing, Mississippi, along with two other Confederate ships, to prevent their capture by Union forces.
Third-party doctrine
The third-party doctrine is a United States legal doctrine that holds that people who voluntarily give information to third parties, such as banks and phone companies, generally have "no reasonable expectation of privacy" in that information. This precedent, established in Supreme Court cases in the 1970s, allows the U.S. government to obtain information from third parties without a legal warrant and without otherwise complying with the Fourth Amendment prohibition against search and seizure without probable cause and a judicial search warrant. However, there are several subsequent court cases and laws that limit application of the third-party doctrine, including to electronic communications and location data.

Reasonable expectation of privacy
In United States constitutional law, reasonable expectation of privacy is a legal test which is crucial in defining the scope of the applicability of the privacy protections of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It is related to, but is not the same as, a right to privacy, a much broader concept which is found in many legal systems (see privacy law). Overall, reasonable expectations of privacy can be subjective or objective.
Syndicalist League of North America
The Syndicalist League of North America was an organization led by William Z. Foster that aimed to "bore from within" the American Federation of Labor to win that trade union center over to the ideals of Revolutionary syndicalism.

William Z. Foster
William Z. Foster (born William Edward Foster; February 25, 1881 – September 1, 1961) was a radical American labor organizer and Communist politician, whose career included serving as  General Secretary of the Communist Party USA from 1945 to 1957. He was previously a member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, leading the drive to organize packinghouse industry workers during World War I and the steel strike of 1919.
Manora, Karachi
Manora (Sindhi: منهوڙو, Urdu: منوڑہ) is a peninsula that forms a protective barrier between Karachi Harbour to the north and the Arabian Sea to the south. Manora, having a total population of 4,273 local residents (as per 2017 census), was formerly an island, but due to silting is now connected to the mainland by a 12 kilometre long natural sand bridge known as Sandspit. The entrance to Karachi was once guarded against pirate raids by the Manora Fort built in the 1790s, which was later upgraded by the British, and then the Pakistan Navy.

Manora Fort, Karachi
Manora Fort is a fort that was built to protect the harbour of Karachi. Originally erected as a mud fortress by the Talpur Mirs in 1797, the fort was captured by the British in 1839 - after which they seized control of Karachi and lower Sindh.
Jiangxisaurus
Jiangxisaurus is an extinct genus of oviraptorid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of southern China. 
It was similar to Heyuannia, but with more strongly curved anterior claws and a thinner, frailer mandible. 
 This find is paleontologically significant because it contributes to current knowledge about the paleogeographical distribution of oviraptorids in southern China. It was most likely an omnivorous animal along with its close relatives Nankangia and Ganzhousaurus.

Oviraptoridae
Oviraptoridae is a group of bird-like, herbivorous or omnivorous maniraptoran dinosaurs. Oviraptorids are characterized by their toothless, parrot-like beaks and, in some cases, elaborate crests. They were generally small, measuring between one and two metres long in most cases, though some possible oviraptorids were enormous. Oviraptorids are currently known only from the Late Cretaceous in Asia, with the most well-known species and complete specimens found only in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and northwestern China.
Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science
The Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (Irish: An Roinn Breisoideachais agus Ardoideachais, Taighde, Nuálaíochta agus Eolaíochta) is a department of the Government of Ireland. It is led by the Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science.

Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science
The Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (Irish: An  tAire  Breisoideachais agus Ardoideachais, Taighde, Nuálaíochta agus Eolaíochta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science.

The Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science is James Lawless, TD.

He is assisted by Marian Harkin, TD, Minister of State for further education, apprenticeships, construction and climate skills.
The 5th Wave (novel)
The 5th Wave is a young adult science fiction novel written by American author Rick Yancey. It was published on May 7, 2013, by G. P. Putnam's Sons. The novel is the first in the 5th Wave trilogy, followed by The Infinite Sea and The Last Star. The story follows 16-year-old Cassie Sullivan as she tries to survive in a world devastated by waves of alien invasions that decimated the Earth's population.

Sony Pictures released a film adaptation in January 2016.

The Infinite Sea
The Infinite Sea is a young adult science fiction romance novel written by American author Rick Yancey. Published in 2014, the novel is the second in The 5th Wave trilogy.

After fleeing from a camp established by aliens, 16-year-old Cassie Sullivan, her brother, and a squad of child soldiers attempt to prevent the extermination of the human race.

The novel provides detailed histories of the side characters from the previous novel. Instead of just narration from Cassie, the narration shifts from the point of view of Ringer, another teenage girl.
California toad
The California toad (Anaxyrus boreas halophilus) is a subspecies of the western toad, along with the boreal toad. The California toad lives throughout the state of California, with the exception of south-eastern desert regions. Like the boreal toad, it feeds on a wide variety of insects and other invertebrates. Its diet includes grasshoppers, beetles, flies, and mosquitos.

Boreal toad
The boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) is the nominate subspecies of the western toad (Anaxyrus boreas). They are commonly found in the western U.S. and western Canada. Boreal toad populations have declined recently due to an emerging amphibian disease, chytrid fungus. The boreal toad is currently listed as an endangered species by Colorado and New Mexico. It is known in Colorado as the only alpine species of toad.
Eugene DeBruin
Eugene Henry DeBruin (April 1, 1933 – c. 1968) was a former U.S. Air Force staff sergeant who disappeared after an escape attempt from a prison camp in Laos during the Vietnam War. In 1963, while working for Air America, DeBruin's C-46 was shot down and he was taken to a Pathet Lao prison camp. In 1966, he and six other prisoners, including Dieter Dengler and Phisit Intharathat, attempted to escape. DeBruin's date of death is disputed and he remains classified as missing in action.

In 2017, his name, alongside fellow prisoners Dengler and Duane W. Martin, and two others, was added to a permanent exhibit on the USS Turner Joy, now housed in a Bremerton, Washington museum. His name also appears on a brick in the Veterans Memorial Park's Ring of Honor in his hometown of Kaukauna, Wisconsin.

Dieter Dengler
Dieter Dengler (May 22, 1938 – February 7, 2001) was a German-born United States Navy aviator who was shot down over Laos and captured during the Vietnam War. After six months of imprisonment and torture, and 23 days on the run, he became only the second captured US airman to escape during the war. Of the seven prisoners of war who escaped together from the Pathet Lao prison camp in Laos, only he and Thai citizen Phisit Intharathat survived. After the war, he worked as a test pilot for private aircraft and as a commercial airline pilot.
Electronic gear-shifting system
An electronic gear-shifting system is a method of changing gears on a bicycle, which enables riders to shift with electronic switches instead of using conventional control levers and mechanical cables. The switches are connected by wire or wirelessly to a battery pack and to a small electric motor that drives the derailleur, switching the chain from cog to cog. An electronic system can switch gears faster and, because the system does not use Bowden cables and can calibrate itself, it may require less maintenance.

Shifter (bicycle part)
A bicycle shifter or gear control or gear levers is a component used to control the gearing mechanisms and select the desired gear ratio. Typically, they operate either a derailleur mechanism or an internal hub gear mechanism. In either case, the control is operated by moving a cable that connects the shifter to the gear mechanism.
Gregory of Gornjak
Grigorije of Gornjak (Serbian: Григорије Горњачки, Григорије из Горњака; fl. 1375–1379), also known as Grigorije the Younger (Григорије Млађи) and Grigorije the Silent (Григорије Ћутљиви), was Serbian Orthodox monk who was canonized as saint. He studied at Mount Sinai with his teachers were Gregory of Sinai and Romylos of Vidin. Together with a group of Serbian, Bulgarian and Greek monks, Grigorije returned to Moravian Serbia between 1375 and 1379. They established a strong hesychastic colony led by Grigorije. Their patron was Prince Lazar who built the Gornjak monastery for their colony. He endowed it to Grigorije and his fellow monks by written chapter, confirmed by the Serbian patriarch on 17 May 1379. Grigorije spent the rest of his life at the monastery.

Romylos of Vidin
Romylos of Vidin, also known as Romylos of Ravanica or Romylus the Athonite (Romil Svetogorac, Romil Svetogorski; Bulgarian: Ромил Бдински; Serbian: Ромил Раванички), was a 14th-century Bulgarian monk, a disciple of Gregory of Sinai. He is also known as the teacher of Grigorije of Gornjak. He is regarded as part of both Bulgarian and Serbian literature.
Central Pines Regional Council
The Central Pines Regional Council (formerly Triangle J Council of Governments) is one of the 17 regional North Carolina Councils of Governments (Region J) established by the North Carolina General Assembly for the purpose of regional planning and administration. Headquartered in Durham, North Carolina, it serves Moore, Lee, Chatham, Orange, Durham, Wake, and Johnston counties. In 2023, TJCOG underwent a rebranding and name change, and is now known as CPRC.

Chatham County, North Carolina
Chatham County (locally /ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is a county located in the Piedmont area of the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is also the location of the geographic center of North Carolina, northwest of Sanford. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,285. Its county seat is Pittsboro.

Chatham County is part of the Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Fordham Rams football
The Fordham Rams football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Fordham University, located in the borough of The Bronx in New York City. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Patriot League. Fordham's first football team was fielded 144 years ago in 1882; the team plays its home games on campus at 7,000-seat Coffey Field.

Since 2018, the Rams have been led by head coach Joe Conlin, previously the offensive coordinator at Yale. He is a distant relative of Ed Conlin (1933–2012), Fordham's all-time leading scorer in basketball who played seven seasons in the NBA.

Coffey Field
Moglia Stadium at Jack Coffey Field is a 7,000-seat stadium located on the campus of Fordham University in The Bronx, New York. The stadium serves as Fordham Rams' home for football and men's and women's soccer.

The facility opened for baseball 96 years ago in 1930, and was named in 1954 for baseball coach and longtime athletic director Jack Coffey, four years before his 1958 retirement. The stadium was also home venue to the Rams' baseball team until it moved to Houlihan Park.
Phenylethylidenehydrazine
Phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH), also known as 2-phenylethylhydrazone or β-phenylethylidenehydrazine, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant phenelzine and is responsible for its elevation of GABA concentrations. PEH may contribute to phenelzine's anxiolytic effects.

Phenelzine
Phenelzine, sold under the brand name Nardil among others, is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine family which is primarily used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic to treat depression and anxiety. Along with tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, phenelzine is one of the few non-selective and irreversible MAOIs still in widespread clinical use.

Synthesis of phenelzine was first described by Emil Votoček and Otakar Leminger in 1932.
Anouk Vergé-Dépré
Anouk Vergé-Dépré (born 11 February 1992) is a Swiss beach volleyball player. Representing her country with teammate Joana Heidrich, she won the bronze medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the gold medal at the 2020 European Beach Volleyball Championships. With former teammate Isabelle Forrer, she won third place at the 2016 FIVB World Tour Finals and competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Joana Heidrich
Joana Mäder (née Heidrich, born 2 October 1991) is a Swiss beach volleyball player. She competed with Nadine Zumkehr in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Following Zumkehr's retirement at the close of the 2016 season, she partnered with Anouk Vergé-Dépré, whose own former partner, Isabelle Forrer, likewise retired.

In July 2021, Heidrich and Vergé-Dépré represented Switzerland at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and won the bronze medal.
The Menace of the Mute
The Menace of the Mute is a 1915 American silent film based on a short story by John T. McIntyre. It is the second film in the “Ashton-Kirk, Investigator” series, preceded by An Affair of Three Nations, and followed by The House of Fear. As with the first film in this series, it was directed by Ashley Miller and Arnold Daly, with Daly producing as well. The film is presumed lost.

The House of Fear (1915 film)
The House of Fear is a 1915 American silent mystery film based on a story by John T. McIntyre. It was the third and final film in the Ashton-Kirk, Investigator series, all directed by Ashley Miller and Arnold Daly and starring Daly.

This film is presumed lost.
Bayezid I
Bayezid I (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد اول; Turkish: I. Bayezid), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم بايزيد; Turkish: Yıldırım Bayezid; c. 1360 – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of Sultan-i Rûm, Rûm being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1394, Bayezid unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople. Bayezid vanquished all the Beyliks and proceeded to conquer and vassalize the entirety of Anatolia. In 1402, he once more besieged Constantinople, appearing to find success, but he ultimately withdrew due to the invasion of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. He defeated the crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria in 1396. He was later defeated and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in captivity in March 1403, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum between his sons.

Battle of Nicopolis
The Battle of Nicopolis took place on 25 September 1396 and resulted in the rout of an allied Crusader army, assisted by the Venetian navy, at the hands of an Ottoman force, raising the siege of the Danubian fortress of Nicopolis and leading to the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. It is often referred to as the Crusade of Nicopolis, as it was one of the last big Crusades of the Middle Ages, together with the Crusade of Varna in 1443–1444. By their victory at Nicopolis, the Turks discouraged the formation of European coalitions against them. They maintained their pressure on Constantinople, tightened their control over the Balkans, and became a greater threat to Central Europe.
Glomerida
Glomerida is an order of pill-millipedes found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. Also known as northern pill millipedes, they superficially resemble pill-bugs or woodlice, and can enroll into a protective ball. Adults in this order usually have twelve body segments (including the anal shield); adult females have 17 pairs of legs, and adult males have 19 leg pairs (including enlarged rear legs involved in mating). The order includes about 30 genera and at least 280 species, including Glomeris marginata, the common European pill-millipede. The order contains members in Europe, South-east Asia and the Americas from California to Guatemala. Although historically considered closely related with the similar sphaerotheriidans that also enroll, some DNA evidence suggest they may be more closely related to glomeridesmidans, a poorly known order that does not enroll.

Sphaerotheriida
Sphaerotheriida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia, sometimes known as giant pill millipedes. They inhabit Southern Africa, Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Like the Northern Hemisphere pill millipedes of the order Glomerida, these millipedes can roll into a ball when disturbed. When they are rolled-up, most sphaerotheriidans reach a maximum size of a cherry  or golf ball, but some species from Madagascar can even reach the size of an orange (an example of island gigantism; illustration - ). When rolled-up, predators are unable to unravel giant pill millipedes since the margins of their second and last dorsal plates fit perfectly into one another, creating a sealed ball. A few giant pill millipede species are able to produce sound, the only millipedes known to do this. This order of millipedes is also unique in that some African species are used for medicinal purposes.
Řečkovice
Řečkovice (German: Rzeczkowitz/Retschkowitz, Hantec: Řečky/Řečkany) is a municipal part and cadastral territory in the northern part of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. It has an area of 6.68 km². Originally an independent municipality, it was annexed to Brno in 1919, since November 24, 1990 it has been part of the city district of Brno-Řečkovice a Mokrá Hora, alongside Mokrá Hora. Over 14,000 people live here.

Mokrá Hora
Mokrá Hora is a municipal part and cadastral territory in the north part of Brno, Czech Republic part of the city district of Brno-Řečkovice a Mokrá Hora. Mokrá Hora was originally an independent municipality that was annexed to Brno in 1960. It has an area of 0.88 km2 (0.34 sq mi), and as such it is the smallest cadastral territory of Brno in terms of area. About 865 people live here.

It is located above the Ponávka river, on the edge of the forested area of Soběšická vrchovina.
Orsini family
The House of Orsini is an Italian noble family that was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini family include five popes: Stephen II (752–757), Paul I (757–767), Celestine III (1191–1198), Nicholas III (1277–1280), and Benedict XIII (1724–1730). The family also included 34 cardinals, numerous condottieri, and other significant political and religious figures. The Orsini are part of the Black nobility who were Roman aristocratic families who supported the Popes in the governance of the Papal States.

Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII (Latin: Benedictus XIII; Italian: Benedetto XIII; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco (or Pierfrancesco) Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in February 1730.

A Dominican friar, Orsini focused on his religious responsibilities as bishop rather than on papal administration. Orsini's lack of political expertise led him to increasingly rely on an unscrupulous secretary (Cardinal Niccolò Coscia) whose financial abuses ruined the papal treasury, causing great damage to the Church in Rome.

In the process towards sainthood, his cause for canonization opened in 1755, but it was closed shortly afterwards. It was reopened on 21 February 1931, but it was closed once again in 1940. It was opened once more on 17 January 2004, with the official process commencing in 2012 and concluding later in 2017. He now has the posthumous title of Servant of God.