hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Internal Revenue Service Building
The Internal Revenue Service Building is a federal building which serves as the headquarters of the Internal Revenue Service. It is located at 1111 Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C. (corner of 12th Street), in the Federal Triangle.

Federal Triangle
Federal Triangle is a triangular area in Washington, D.C., formed by 15th Street NW, Constitution Avenue NW, Pennsylvania Avenue NW, and E Street NW. Federal Triangle is occupied by 10 large city and federal office buildings, all of which are part of the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site. Seven of the buildings in Federal Triangle were built by the U.S. federal government in the early and mid-1930s as part of a coordinated construction plan that has been called "one of the greatest building projects ever undertaken".  Two buildings predating this coordinated effort were incorporated into Federal Triangle, and one was constructed in the 1990s.

Federal Triangle station is the Washington Metro station serving Federal Triangle and its immediately surrounding areas.
Chowgan ground
Chowgan is a large ground and tourist attraction in the Kishtwar town, in the Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir, India, surrounded by chinar, cedar and other trees. It measures about 65 acres (26.30 ha). This ground is also used as a grazing ground for livestock like cows and goats. At the south side of the ground is the shrine of the Sufi saint Farid-ud-Din Baghdadi.

Kishtwar
Kishtwar is a town, municipality and administrative headquarter of the Kishtwar district in the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The district was carved out of the Doda district in 2007. and is located in the Jammu division. The town of Kishtwar is situated at a distance of 209.5 km (130.2 mi) from the summer capital of Srinagar, and 211.5 km (131.4 mi) from the winter capital of Jammu. A large ground locally called as Chowgan ground is located in the heart of the town. The old name of Kishtwar was "Kashtvatha" as mentioned in Rajtarangni of Kalhana Pandita written in 1148 CE.

In 2013, the municipality was the location of the Kishtwar Riots, which claimed three lives and injured 80 more, and was a conflict between Muslim and Hindu communities that occurred in the aftermath of the Eid festival on 9 August 2013 at Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir.
Paul Burgess (musician)
Paul Burgess (born 28 September 1950) is an English rock drummer, notable for his association with a wide range of British rock bands. In addition to extensive session work, he has been a member of 10cc, Jethro Tull, Camel, Magna Carta, and The Icicle Works.

Camel (band)
Camel are an English progressive rock band formed in Guildford, Surrey, in 1971. Led by guitarist Andrew Latimer, they have released fourteen studio albums and fourteen singles, plus numerous live albums and DVDs. Without achieving mass popularity, the band gained a cult following in the 1970s with albums such as Mirage (1974) and The Snow Goose (1975). They moved into a jazzier, more commercial direction in the early 1980s, but then went on an extended hiatus. Since 1991 the band has been independent, releasing albums on their own label.

Despite no new studio releases since 2002, the band are still (as of 2025) occasionally performing live. Their music has influenced artists including Marillion, Opeth and Steven Wilson. Music journalist Mark Blake described Camel as "the great unsung heroes of 70s prog rock".
Grohnde Nuclear Power Plant
The former Grohnde Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant located in Grohnde in the Hamelin-Pyrmont district of Lower Saxony, Germany. Its single reactor has a nameplate capacity of 1430MWe and it was in operation from 1984 through 2021.

Emmerthal
Emmerthal (German pronunciation: [ˈɛmɐˌtaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Hameln-Pyrmont district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Weser, approximatively 6 km south of Hameln. Its seat is in the village Kirchohsen.

In 1973, the Emmerthal was formed by merging the previously independent municipalities of Amelgatzen, Bessinghausen, Börry, Brockensen, Emmern, Esperde, Frenke, Grohnde, Hagenohsen, Hajen, Hämelschenburg, Kirchohsen, Latferde, Lüntorf, Ohr, Voremberg, Welsede.

The Grohnde Nuclear Power Plant is located in the Emmerthal.

From 1933 to 1937, the National Socialists held their national thanksgiving festival in a field on the nearby Bückeberg hill.
Nail (anatomy)
A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits (fingers and toes) of almost all primates (except for marmosets), corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha-keratin, a polymer also found in the claws, hooves, and horns of vertebrates.

Toe
Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being digitigrade. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being plantigrade; unguligrade animals are those that walk on hooves at the tips of their toes.
Mellow Madness
Mellow Madness is a 1975 studio album by Quincy Jones. It was Jones's first album recorded since treatment for a cerebral aneurysm. The album introduced the R&B public to The Brothers Johnson, who co-wrote four of the album tracks.

The Brothers Johnson
The Brothers Johnson was an American funk and R&B band consisting of the American brothers George ("Lightnin' Licks") and Louis E. Johnson ("Thunder Thumbs"). They achieved their greatest success from the mid-1970s to early 1980s, with three singles topping the R&B charts ("I'll Be Good to You", "Strawberry Letter 23", and "Stomp!").
Franklin Project
The Franklin Project was a policy program of the Aspen Institute from October 2012 to December 2015, that focused on advancing national service in the United States. Walter Isaacson called the project the "biggest idea" to come out of the Aspen Ideas Festival during his tenure as CEO of the Aspen Institute. In January 2016, the project merged with ServiceNation and the Service Year Exchange project of the National Conference on Citizenship to form Service Year Alliance (a new 501(c)(3) non-profit operating as a joint venture of the Aspen Institute and Be the Change, Inc.).

ServiceNation
ServiceNation was a campaign of Be The Change, Inc., a 501(c)(3) organization based in Boston, Massachusetts. Its mission was to rekindle an ethic of civic responsibility in America through universal national service. ServiceNation's goal was to expand opportunities for Americans to spend a year in non-military national service such as AmeriCorps.  National service programs like Americorps pay a living stipend and reward volunteers who have completed service with a monetary education award.

In January 2016, ServiceNation merged with the Franklin Project at the Aspen Institute and the Service Year Exchange (which was incubated at the National Conference on Citizenship) to form the Service Year Alliance.
Sleeping Beauty transposon system
The Sleeping Beauty transposon system is a synthetic DNA transposon designed to introduce precisely defined DNA sequences into the chromosomes of vertebrate animals for the purposes of introducing new traits and to discover new genes and their functions. It is a Tc1/mariner-type system, with the transposase resurrected from multiple inactive fish sequences.

Transposable element
A transposable element (TE), also   transposon, jumping gene, or mobile genetic element, is a DNA sequence that can change its position, or translocate, within a genome. TEs were first identified via genetic studies in maize by Barbara McClintock, a discovery for which she was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

TEs are very common in all types of organisms in nature, including in plants and animals. As of 2008, there were at least two classes of TEs: Class I TEs or retrotransposons, which generally function via reverse transcription; and Class II TEs or DNA transposons, which encode the protein transposase (and sometimes other proteins), which they require for insertion, excision, or other TE functions.
Fulk, King of Jerusalem
Fulk of Anjou (Latin: Fulco, French: Foulque or Foulques; c. 1089/1092 – 13 November 1143), also known as Fulk the Younger, was the king of Jerusalem from 1131 until 1143 as the husband and co-ruler of Queen Melisende. Previously, he was the count of Anjou as Fulk V from 1109 to 1129. He had also been the count of Maine from 1110 to 1126 alongside his first wife, Countess Erembourg. His direct descendants were the rulers of the Angevin Empire and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151), called the Fair (French: le Bel), Plantagenet, and of Anjou, was the count of Anjou and Maine by inheritance from 1129, and also duke of Normandy by his marriage claim and conquest, from 1144.

Geoffrey married Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, king of England and duke of Normandy. Geoffrey and Matilda's marriage led, through their son Henry II, to the 300-year long reign of the Plantagenet dynasty in England. Although it was never his family name or last name, "Plantagenet"  was taken for the dynasty from Geoffrey's epithet, long after his death.  Geoffrey's ancestral domain of Anjou in north central France gives rise to the name Angevin, and what modern historians name as the Angevin Empire in the 12th century.
Muhammad bin Fadlallah al-Sarawi
Sayyid Muhammad bin Fadlallah al-Sarawi (Arabic: محمد بن فضل الله الساروي, romanized: Muḥammad  bin Faḍlallāh al-Sārawī, Persian: محمد بن فضل‌الله ساروی, romanized: Muhammad ben Fazlollāh Sārawī), honorifically titled as Thiqat al-Islam (Arabic: ثقةالاسلام), also known as Muhammad Thiqat al-Islam (Arabic: محمد ثقة الإسلام, romanized: Muḥammad Thiqat al-Islām; c. 1880 – May 1924) was an Iranian-Iraqi Ja'fari jurist, writer and poet. He has been renowned at the end of the Qajar era, i.e. the early twentieth century, as a bilingual poet in Persian and Arabic. He was born in Pahneh Kola, a village of Sari to a Tabari Musawi family. He first started his religious educations with his father then moved to Ottoman Iraq and studied from ulema of Najaf and Samarra, such as Mirza Shirazi. His efforts to promote da'wah in Iran failed. As a Twelver Shia mujtahid, he settled in Najaf from 1901 until his death, left behind two poetry collections and many books on fiqh, most of them are manuscript.

Mirza Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Mujaddid Mirza Abu Mohammad Mu'izuddin Mohammad Hassan Hosseini Shirazi (Persian: ابومحمد معزالدین محمدحسن حسينى شيرازی; Arabic: أبو محمد معز الدين محمد حسن الحسيني الشيرازي: 25 April 1815 – 20 February 1895), better simply known as Mirza Shirazi (Persian: میرزا شيرازی; Arabic: الميرزا الشيرازي), was an Iranian Shia marja'.

After the death of Murtadha Ansari, he was known to be the supreme Shia leader of his time, and gained fame for his celebrated 1891 verdict against the usage of tobacco in what became known as the Tobacco Protest in the Qajar era.

He is dubbed as the mujaddid (renewer of the religion) of the 13th century of the Islamic era by Shias.
Ilia Tkachenko
Ilia Alexeyevich Tkachenko (Russian: Илья Алексеевич Ткаченко, born 26 December 1986) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. Skating for Russia with Ekaterina Riazanova, he became the 2010 Trophée Eric Bompard silver medalist, the 2012 Skate Canada International bronze medalist, and a three-time Russian national medalist. Competing with Isabella Tobias for Israel, he won four medals on the ISU Challenger Series.

2012 Skate Canada International
The 2012 Skate Canada International was the second event of six in the 2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the WFCU Centre in Windsor, Ontario on October 26–28. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2012–13 Grand Prix Final.
Hardinge Park
Hardinge Park officially known as Shaheed Veer Kunwar Singh Azadi Park is a public park in the city of Patna built by British Raj in 1916. The park was initially named after Viceroy Charles Hardinge and was built in his honour as he was instrumental in the creation of Bihar as a separate province. It was built as Patna's first public park. The park is located midway between Patna Junction and the Bihar Secretariat. The name was changed to Shaheed Veer Kunwar Singh Azadi Park post independence. The park also hosted a garden party for then Prince of Wales - Edward VIII - in 1921 on his visit to Patna. The park completed its centenary in 2016. It is known as the old bus stand. Indian Railways is soon going to construct Suburban Rail Terminal at Hardinge Park which is  barely 900 metres west from Patna Junction.

Patna Junction railway station
Patna Junction (station code PNBE) is a major railway station located in the capital city of Patna in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the main railway station serving Patna. It maintained under the Danapur division of the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Patna Junction is one of the busiest railway stations of the country.

Patna Junction railway station is connected to most of the major cities in India by the railway network. The city is a major railway hub and has five major stations: Patna Junction, Rajendranagar Terminal, Danapur railway station, Patliputra Junction and Patna Sahib station. Also 2 major railway station: Hajipur Junction and Sonpur Junction are just at a distance of 20 km from Patna. Patna is well connected with Ara, Gaya, Jehanabad, Biharsharif, Rajgir, Islampur, Sonpur, Hajipur, Muzaffarpur, Chhapra through daily passenger and express train services.
Semyon Dezhnev
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov (Russian: Семён Ива́нович Дежнёв, IPA: [sʲɪˈmʲɵn ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ dʲɪʐˈnʲɵf]; sometimes spelled Dezhnev; c. March 7, 1605 – 1673) was a Russian zemleprokhodets, an explorer of Siberia and the first European to sail through the Bering Strait, 80 years before Vitus Bering did. In 1648 he sailed from the Kolyma River on the Arctic Ocean to the Anadyr River on the Pacific. His exploit was forgotten for almost a hundred years and Bering is usually given credit for discovering the strait that bears his name.

Vitus Bering
Vitus Jonassen Bering  (baptised 5 August 1681 – 19 December 1741), also known as Ivan Ivanovich Bering,  was a Danish-born Russian cartographer, explorer, and officer in the Russian Navy. He is known as a leader of two Russian expeditions, the First Kamchatka Expedition and the Great Northern Expedition, exploring the northeastern coast of the Asian continent and from there the western coast of the North American continent. The Bering Strait, the Bering Sea, Bering Island, the Bering Glacier, and Vitus Lake were all named in his honor.
Citrus (airline)
Citrus was a planned Russian low-cost airline owned by S7 Airlines, with its headquarters in Moscow. The announcement from S7 to create a regional low-cost carrier was made in 2021. The airline's first flight was planned for July 2022, however, all plans have been suspended indefinitely.

S7 Airlines
S7 Airlines, legal name JSC Siberia Airlines (Russian: АО «Авиакомпания "Сибирь"», "АО Aviakompania Sibir"), is an airline headquartered in Ob, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, with offices in Moscow. As of 2008, it was Russia's largest domestic airline, with its main bases at Domodedovo International Airport and Tolmachevo Airport. It is a member of the Oneworld alliance, but its membership is currently suspended due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. It is also currently banned from flying into the EU like all other Russian airlines.
Stave church
A stave church is a medieval wooden Christian church building once common in north-western Europe. The name derives from the building's structure of post and lintel construction, a type of timber framing where the load-bearing ore-pine posts are called stafr in Old Norse (stav in modern Norwegian). Two related church building types also named for their structural elements, the post church and palisade church, are often called 'stave churches'.

Originally much more widespread, most of the surviving stave churches are in Norway. The only remaining medieval stave churches outside Norway are: Hedared stave church (c. 1500) in Sweden and the Vang Stave Church which was built in Norway and relocated in 1842 to contemporary Karpacz in the Karkonosze mountains of Poland. One other church, the Anglo-Saxon Greensted Church in England, exhibits many similarities with a stave church but is generally considered a palisade church.

Palisade church
A palisade church is a church building that is constructed with palisade walls, standing split logs of timber, rammed directly into the ground, set in gravel or resting on a sill. The palisade walls form an integral part of the load-bearing system.
Agnes Marshall Cowan
Agnes Marshall Cowan MRCOG (19 April 1880–22 August 1940) was a Scottish physician who was one of the first fully qualified female physicians in the UK, and a medical missionary in Manchuria during the Manchurian plague. She oversaw medical issues in the "Devil's Porridge" explosive factory at Gretna serving the demand for explosives during the First World War.

In 1934 she was the first Scottish female to be granted a professorship, but not until 1940 was a professorship granted within Scotland itself (Margaret Fairlie).

HM Factory, Gretna
H.M. Factory, Gretna was  Britain's largest cordite factory during the First World War. The government-owned facility was adjacent to the Solway Firth, near Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway. It was built by the Ministry of Munitions in response to the Shell Crisis of 1915. The capital cost was £9,184,000 (£785,700,000 in 2023) and it covered 9,000 acres (36 km2). The cost of working it from September 1916 to September 1918 was £12,769,000, during which time it produced cordite valued at £15,000,000, though it was claimed that without it the cordite would have had to be imported from the USA at a cost of £23,600,000.

The Devil's Porridge Museum, Eastriggs, Dumfriesshire, commemorates the efforts of these workers during and after the First World War.
Nicholaus Contreraz
Nicholaus Contreraz (January 15, 1982 – March 2, 1998) was an American 16-year-old from Sacramento, California, who was tortured and murdered while attending the Arizona Boys Ranch in 1998. Contreraz had been incarcerated at the residential school's branch in Oracle, Arizona, where he was subject to severe physical abuse and willful neglect at the hands of staff members until dying from cardiac arrest.

Contreraz's death made national news in the United States, and while the staff escaped legal punishment due to technicalities, it highlighted systemic abuse at the Arizona Boys Ranch, and increased the criticism of private prisons.

Canyon State Academy
Canyon State Academy is a private residential school serving male youth between the ages of 11–17 with a history of delinquent behaviors, dependent/neglectful backgrounds, mild mental and emotional health issues, and special education needs. Situated in Queen Creek, Arizona, its 180-acre campus includes a variety of programs, from temporary shelter to long-term residence. It is managed by Rite of Passage, which provides a variety of programs and services to at-risk youth throughout the nation. The school is a member of the Canyon Athletic Association.
Faubourg Marigny
The Faubourg Marigny (/ˈfoʊbɜːrɡ ˈmærɪni/ FOH-burg MAYR-in-ee; sometimes called The Marigny) is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.

Its boundaries, as defined by the City Planning Commission, are North Rampart Street and St. Claude Avenue to the north, the railroad tracks along Homer Plessy Way (formerly Press Street) to the east, the Mississippi River to the south, and Esplanade Avenue to the west.

Rampart Street
Rampart Street (French: rue du Rempart) is a historic avenue located in New Orleans, Louisiana.

The section of Rampart Street downriver from Canal Street is designated as North Rampart Street, which forms the inland or northern border of the French Quarter (Vieux Carre). Crossing Esplanade Avenue, the street continues into the Faubourg Marigny neighborhood, then splits off from St. Claude Avenue to become a single-lane, one-way street through residential neighborhoods, and continues into the Bywater neighborhood. With a break at the Industrial Canal, Rampart Street resumes in the Lower Ninth Ward.

Upriver from Canal, it is designated as South Rampart Street, and runs through the New Orleans Central Business District and continues to St. Andrew Street. In the 19th century, the "South Rampart Street" designation continued into Uptown New Orleans; this section is now named Danneel Street.
Diocese of Blackburn
The diocese of Blackburn is diocese of the Church of England in North West England. Its boundaries correspond to northern Lancashire. The diocese contains 211 parishes and 280 churches. Blackburn Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Blackburn, currently Philip North, and the diocesan offices are also located in Blackburn.

What is now the diocese of Blackburn was historically part of the diocese of York. It became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541, and part of the diocese of Manchester when it was created in 1847. The diocese of Blackburn was in turn established on 12 November 1926 from the northern part of Manchester.

Blackburn Cathedral
Blackburn Cathedral, officially known as the Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin with Saint Paul, is an Anglican (Church of England) cathedral situated in the heart of Blackburn town centre, in Lancashire, England. The cathedral site has been home to a church for over a thousand years and the first stone church was built there in Norman times.
Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 18
Bigg Boss 18 also known as Bigg Boss: Time Ka Tandav was the eighteenth season of the Indian Hindi-language reality show Bigg Boss. It premiered on 6 October 2024 on Colors TV and JioCinema. Salman Khan hosted the show for the fifteenth time. The grand finale of the season took place on 19 January 2025, where Karanveer Mehra emerged as the winner, while Vivian Dsena was declared as the first runner-up.

Karan Veer Mehra
Karan Veer Mehra (born 28 December 1982) is an Indian actor. He is best known for his role in the television serial Pavitra Rishta and for appearing in the Hindi film Ragini MMS 2. In 2024, he won the reality television shows Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 14 and Bigg Boss 18.
Nemaha Central USD 115
Nemaha Central USD 115 is a public unified school district headquartered in Seneca, Kansas, United States.  The district includes the communities of Baileyville, Kelly, Oneida, Seneca, St. Benedict and nearby rural areas of Nemaha County.

Baileyville, Kansas
Baileyville is a census-designated place (CDP) in western Nemaha County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 182.  It is located six miles west of Seneca on U.S. Route 36.
Military operations in Poonch (1948)
Military operations took place in Poonch district, then part of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, in 1948 during the conflict in Jammu and Kashmir between the Indian Army and Pakistani and Azad Kashmir rebel forces. Poonch withstood a siege by these forces from November 1947 until relieved by an Indian offensive, Operation Easy on 20 November 1948. The besieged garrison, commanded by Brig. Pritam Singh, was maintained by air supply. Military operations ended with Poonch town and the eastern part of Poonch district in Indian hands and western part of the Poonch district in Pakistani hands.

Pritam Singh (soldier)
Brig. Pritam Singh is an Indian Army Officer, born in Dina Village in Ferozpur, Punjab, India. He fought in the Battle of Singapore in 1942. After the war, he was promoted to Lt. Colonel. In 1947, he fought against Pakistan in Poonch.