hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A38(M) motorway
The A38(M), commonly known as the Aston Expressway, is a motorway in Birmingham, England. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) long and was opened on 24 May 1972. It connects the M6 motorway to Aston and Central Birmingham and forms part of the much longer A38 route.

It is extremely unusual as it is the only single carriageway motorway in the United Kingdom and consists of seven lanes with no central reservation, and operates a tidal flow system in an attempt to minimise congestion. Due to the nature of the road, the speed limit is reduced to 50 mph (80 km/h) for most of its length with a very short length of 30 mph (48 km/h).

When construction work of the motorway began in the late 1960s, many late 19th-century and early 20th-century houses in the Aston area had to be demolished to make way for the new route.

A38 road
The A38, parts of which are known as Devon Expressway, Bristol Road and Gloucester Road, is a major A-class trunk road in England.

The road runs from Bodmin in Cornwall to Mansfield in Nottinghamshire. It is 292 miles (470 km) long, making it the longest two digit A road in England. It was formerly known as the Leeds–Exeter Trunk Road, when this description also included the A61. Before the opening of the M5 motorway in the 1960s and 1970s, the A38 formed the main "holiday route" from the Midlands to Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.

Considerable lengths of the road in the West Midlands closely follow Roman roads, including part of Icknield Street. Between Worcester and Birmingham the current A38 follows the line of a Saxon salt road.

For most of the length of the M5 motorway, the A38 road runs alongside it as a single carriageway road.
Chen (singer)
Kim Jong-dae (Korean: 김종대; born September 21, 1992), known professionally as Chen (Korean: 첸), is a South Korean singer and songwriter. He is a member of the South Korean boy band Exo, its subgroup Exo-M and its subunit Exo-CBX, and participated in SM's projects SM the Ballad. He is predominantly known for his role as the vocalist of Exo. Apart from his group's activities, Chen has also recorded songs for various television dramas, most notably "Best Luck" for It's Okay, That's Love (2014) and "Everytime" for Descendants of the Sun (2016).

In 2019, Chen debuted as a solo singer with the extended play (EP) April, and a Flower, which peaked at number two on South Korea's Gaon Album Chart and spawned the hit single "Beautiful Goodbye". Continuing the success, his second EP, Dear My Dear, accompanied by the single "Shall We?" was released later that same year.

Exo-CBX
Exo-CBX (Korean: 엑소-첸백시; RR: Exo-Chen-Baek-Xi) is the first sub-unit of South Korean boy band Exo, consists of three members: Xiumin, Baekhyun, and Chen. They debuted on October 31, 2016, with the extended play (EP) Hey Mama!.
Charleston, New Zealand
Charleston is a village in the South Island of New Zealand, located 30 km south of Westport on the west coast. It was founded as a goldmining town after a major goldrush in 1867, and is now an adventure tourist village noted for its extensive limestone caves and caving experiences. Guided tours of the nearby Metro Cave / Te Ananui Cave are operated out of Charleston and travel up the Waitakere / Nile River valley.

Waitakere / Nile River
The Waitakere / Nile River is a river on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It rises in the Paparoa Range and flows through a limestone karst landscape in a roughly northwest direction for its entire length, reaching the Tasman Sea just north of Charleston. The river and its surrounds are a popular tourist destination, particularly for a bush train along the river's canyon and caving through the nearby Metro / Te Ananui Caves. The lower reaches of the river are also a popular fishing spot, particularly for brown trout.
Bua loi
Bua loi or bua loy (Thai: บัวลอย, pronounced [būa lɔ̄ːj], lit. 'floating lotus') is a Thai dessert. It consists of rice flour rolled into small balls, and cooked in coconut milk and sugar. Some Bua loi also adds sweet egg into the recipe. It was inspired by Tangyuan, a Chinese dessert that is traditionally eaten around the Lantern festival. Bua Loi is also traditionally eaten during the Dongzhi Festival in Thailand, which is a festival for the Chinese-Thai bloodline. There are a variety of versions of Bua loi such as ones that use food coloring instead of natural color, use soy milk instead of Coconut cream, add sliced pumpkin inside the rice balls, et cetera. There are other types of Bua loi from other countries such as China, Japan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Southern Vietnam and Malaysia.

Tangyuan (food)
Tangyuan, also translated as sweet dumplings, are a traditional Chinese dessert made of glutinous rice shaped into balls that are served in a hot broth or syrup. They come in varying sizes, anything between a marble to a ping-pong ball, and are often stuffed with filling. Tangyuan are traditionally eaten during the Lantern Festival, but because the name is a homophone for reunion (traditional Chinese: 團圓; simplified Chinese: 团圆; pinyin: tuányuán) and symbolizes togetherness and completeness, this dish is also served at weddings, family reunions, Chinese New Year, and the Dōngzhì (winter solstice) festival.
Beršići
Beršići is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 351 people.

The village was active in the Serbian Revolution, being organized into the knežina (administrative unit) of Brusnica (Takovo) during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13). Among notable local revolutionaries were: obor-knez of Požega nahija Vasa Popović (1777–1832); Council member Stojan Pavlović; knez Tanasko Mihailović.

Gornji Milanovac
Gornji Milanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Гoрњи Милановац, pronounced [ɡôːrɲiː mǐlanoʋats] ⓘ) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of central Serbia. The population of the town is 23,109, while the population of the municipality is 38,985 (2022 census data).

The town was founded in 1853 as Despotovica (Деспотовица), after the river passing by the town. In 1859 the name was changed to Gornji Milanovac at the request of Prince Miloš Obrenović. Its name means Upper Milanovac (there is a Lower Milanovac as well, while Milanovac was named so in honour of revolutionary Milan Obrenović).

The microregion of Rudnik–Takovo (Serbian: Рудничко-таковски крај), or simply Takovo (Serbian: Таково, Таковски крај), in the broader sense roughly corresponds to the modern municipality of Gornji Milanovac. It includes the southern foothills of the Rudnik mountain, and northern foothills of Suvobor and Maljen. Some villages in the municipality are part of the Kačer region.
1989 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 1989 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro on 26 March 1989. It was the first race of the 1989 Formula One World Championship.

The 61-lap race was won by Englishman Nigel Mansell, driving for Scuderia Ferrari, with Frenchman Alain Prost second for McLaren-Honda and local driver Maurício Gugelmin third in a March-Judd. It was the first time that a car with a semi-automatic gearbox won the race. Mansell claimed that he had booked an early flight home as he did not expect the new Ferrari 640 (which had severe reliability problems in testing and practice sessions before the race) to complete the distance, and during the podium ceremony he cut his hand whilst lifting the trophy.

Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet
The Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet (Nelson Piquet International Racetrack), also known as Jacarepaguá after the neighbourhood in which it was located, and also as the Autódromo Riocentro, was a motorsport circuit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Opened in January 1978, a few weeks before the 1978 Brazilian Grand Prix, it hosted the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix on ten occasions, and was also used for CART, motorcycle racing and stock car racing. In 2012, it was demolished to make way for facilities to be used at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
John Henry Manny
John Henry  Manny (1825–1856) was the inventor of the Manny Reaper, one of various makes of reaper used to harvest grain in the 19th century. Cyrus McCormick III, in his Century of the Reaper, called Manny "the most brilliant and successful of all Cyrus McCormick's competitors," a field of many brilliant people.

Cyrus McCormick
Cyrus Hall McCormick (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. Originally from the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of the McCormick family became prominent residents of Chicago.

McCormick always claimed credit as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. He was, however, one of several designing engineers who produced working models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than two decades of work by his father Robert McCormick Jr., with the aid of Jo Anderson, an enslaved African-American man held by the family. He also successfully developed a modern company, with manufacturing, marketing, and a sales force to market his products.
Srirangam Srimad Andavan Ashramam
The Srirangam Srimad Andavan Ashramam is a Hindu institution of the Sri Vaishnava tradition dedicated to the propagation of Ramanuja's and Vedanta Desika's philosophy of Vishishtadvaita. The head of the institution is known as the "Andavan" or "Andavan Swamigal", a title that is believed to be given by the deity Ranganatha himself to the first seer.

It is often listed with other institutions of this tradition, such as the Parakala Matha, Ahobila Matha and the Poundarikapuram Andavan Ashramam.

The main activities of the institution include conducting the sacraments of samashrayana and bharanyasa, kalakshepams (higher spiritual lessons), and Vedic and Western education through schools and secular colleges, managing and funding various temples and Divya Desams, and spreading the teachings of Ramanuja through its various centres.

Parakala Matha
Bramhatantra Swatantra Parakala Matha, commonly known as Parakala Matha, is a Hindu Sri Vaishnava monastery founded during the Hoysala Empire in 1268 at Mysore, Karnataka, primarily worshipping Vishnu and Lakshmi as Hayagriva and Vageesha. It is the first mediaeval era monastery of the Vadakalai denomination within Vaishnavism in the Hindu society and is the gurupeeta, the seat of the royal guru, of the maharajas of Mysore.

Originally founded in Mysore where its headquarters has been based, the matha  has branches across southern India and as well as one abroad.
Uhadi musical bow
The uhadi, a musical bow, is a traditional Southern African Xhosa musical instrument. It is a large unembraced musical bow which is attached to a resonator and played by percussion. The length of the string bow ranges from 115 to 130 centimeters. Similar musical bows in Southern Africa include the thomo in Sotho music and the ugubhu in Zulu music.

Musical bow
The musical bow (bowstring or string bow, a subset of bar zithers) is a simple string instrument used by a number of African peoples as well as Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It consists of a flexible, usually wooden, stick 1.5 to 10 feet (0.5 to 3 m) long, and strung end to end with a taut cord, usually metal. It can be played with the hands or a wooden stick or branch. It is uncertain if the musical bow developed from the hunting bow, though the San or Bushmen people of the Kalahari Desert do convert their hunting bows to musical use.

Types of bow include mouth-resonated string bow, earth-resonated string bow, and gourd-resonated string bow.
Rankit
In statistics, rankits of a set of data are the expected values of the order statistics of a sample from the standard normal distribution the same size as the data. They are primarily used in the normal probability plot, a graphical technique for normality testing.

Normal probability plot
The normal probability plot is a graphical technique to identify substantive departures from normality.  This includes identifying outliers, skewness, kurtosis, a need for transformations, and mixtures.  Normal probability plots are made of raw data, residuals from model fits, and estimated parameters.

In a normal probability plot (also called a "normal plot"), the sorted data are plotted vs. values selected to make the resulting image look close to a straight line if the data are approximately normally distributed.  Deviations from a straight line suggest departures from normality. The plotting can be manually performed by using a special graph paper, called normal probability paper.  With modern computers normal plots are commonly made with software.

The normal probability plot is a special case of the Q–Q probability plot for a normal distribution.  The theoretical quantiles are generally chosen to approximate either the mean or the median of the corresponding order statistics.
Village Fire
Village Fire is the third EP by James, released in 1985 by Factory Records. It contains all five tracks from their previously released EPs Jimone (side A) and James II (side B). The cover artwork was produced by John Carroll, whose childlike images were synonymous with much of the group's early work.

Jimone
Jimone was the first release by Mancunian band James, released in November 1983 by Factory Records. It contained three tracks that also later appeared on the band's Village Fire EP. Fire So Close being a slightly different mix from the 7" version. According to the band's biography Folklore by Stuart Maconie, the band were fearful of tarnishing their best songs in the studio, so instead opted to record the three songs they felt were their worst.

The track "What's The World" has been covered by The Smiths (live recording on "I Started Something I Couldn't Finish"). It has remained popular among die-hard James fans to the present day and was still occasionally being featured in setlists as late as 1998.

"Folklore" lent its name to Stuart Maconie's biography of the band in 2000, while "Fire So Close" was later radically reworked under the title of "Why So Close" on the band's debut 1986 album Stutter.
Xiphophorus pygmaeus
Xiphophorus pygmaeus, the pygmy swordtail, is a poeciliid fish from northeastern Mexico. It is the smallest of the swordtails. The male's sword is barely visible and the species is often called the swordless swordtail. It is sometimes kept in home aquaria, but is a rather delicate species.

Xiphophorus
Xiphophorus is a genus of euryhaline and freshwater fishes in the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes, native to Mexico and northern Central America. Xiphophorus species can be divided into three groups based on their evolutionary relationships: platyfish (or platies), northern swordtails, and southern swordtails. Platyfish formerly were classified in another genus, Platypoecilus, which is now obsolete. The type species is X. hellerii, the green swordtail.  Like most other new world Poeciliids, platies and swordtails are  live-bearers that use internal fertilization and give birth to live young instead of laying eggs like the bulk of the world's fishes. All are relatively small fishes, which reach a maximum length of 3.5–16 cm (1.4–6.3 in) depending on the exact species involved.
CP/M-86
CP/M-86 is a discontinued version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research (DR) made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088. The system commands are the same as in CP/M-80. Executable files used the relocatable .CMD file format. Digital Research also produced a multi-user multitasking operating system compatible with CP/M-86, MP/M-86, which later evolved into Concurrent CP/M-86. When an emulator was added to provide PC DOS compatibility, the system was renamed Concurrent DOS, which later became Multiuser DOS, of which REAL/32 is the latest incarnation. The FlexOS, DOS Plus, and DR DOS families of operating systems started as derivations of Concurrent DOS as well.

IBM PC DOS
IBM PC DOS (an acronym for IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System), also known as PC DOS or IBM DOS, is a discontinued disk operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, its successors, and IBM PC compatibles. It was sold by IBM from the early 1980s into the 2000s. Developed by Microsoft, it was also sold by that company to the open market as MS-DOS. Both operating systems were identical or almost identical until 1993, when IBM began selling PC DOS 6.1 with its own new features. The collective shorthand for PC DOS and MS-DOS was DOS, which is also the generic term for disk operating system, and is shared with dozens of disk operating systems called DOS.
Katie Woodencloak
"Katie Woodencloak" or "Kari Woodengown" (originally "Kari Trestakk") is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in Norske Folkeeventyr. Andrew Lang included it in The Red Fairy Book.

It is Aarne–Thompson type 510A, the persecuted heroine.  Others of this type include "Cinderella", "The Sharp Grey Sheep", "The Golden Slipper", "The Story of Tam and Cam", "Rushen Coatie", "The Wonderful Birch", and "Fair, Brown and Trembling".

Fair, Brown and Trembling
Fair, Brown and Trembling is an Irish fairy tale collected by Jeremiah Curtin in Myths and Folk-lore of Ireland and Joseph Jacobs in his Celtic Fairy Tales.

It is Aarne-Thompson type 510A.  Other tales of this type include Cinderella, Finette Cendron, The Golden Slipper, Katie Woodencloak, Rushen Coatie, The Sharp Grey Sheep, The Story of Tam and Cam, and The Wonderful Birch.
Neerbeek
Neerbeek is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Beek. The village has a population of around 2,400 people. The village used to split between the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands.

Beek
Beek (Dutch: [ˈbeːk] ⓘ; Limburgish: Baek [ˈbɛːk]) is a town and municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, in the province of Limburg. As of 2012, Beek has a population of about 16,400, of which about 8,800 live in the town of Beek.

The municipality of Beek makes part of the region of South Limburg and lies between the city of Geleen in the north and Maastricht in the south, and lies furthermore southeast of interchange Kerensheide and the chemical industries of Chemelot. It has a slightly hilly landscape with altitudes differing between 70 and 120 metres (230 and 390 ft) above sea level, and has two small forests: Kelmonderbos between Beek and Kelmond, and Spaubekerbos near Spaubeek. The Keutelbeek flows through and has its source in the municipality of Beek.
Chelmet Chelyabinsk
Chelmet Chelyabinsk (Russian: «Челмет») is a professional ice hockey team in the VHL. Based in Chelyabinsk, Russia, and affiliated with the Kontinental Hockey League's Traktor Chelyabinsk, Chelmet plays its home games at Yunost Sports Palace.

Traktor Chelyabinsk
Traktor Chelyabinsk, also known as Traktor, or HC Traktor Chelyabinsk, (Russian: ХК Трактор Челябинск; Трактор) is a professional ice hockey club based in Chelyabinsk, Russia. It is a member of the Kharlamov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). From 1967 to 2009, the team played its home games at the Yunost Sport Palace. Since 2009, the club has played in Traktor Ice Arena named after Valery Belousov.
Church and Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
The Church and Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Portuguese: Igreja e Convento de Nossa Senhora do Carmo) is a 17th-century Roman Catholic church and former convent in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The church is dedicated to Our Lady of Mount Carmel. The complex is adjacent to the Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel. The Church and Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1938 and is part of the Historic Center of Salvador UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel
The Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel (Portuguese: Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo, also known as the Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Monte do Carmo) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It is located adjacent to the Church and Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Igreja e Convento de Nossa Senhora do Carmo). Work on the church began in 1644. It was destroyed by fire in 1788 and subsequently rebuilt. The church is a large complex consisting of a nave, chancel, choir, corridors, tribunes, meeting rooms, and a sacristy. The interior was richly decorated in the 18th century; the painting of the ceiling of the nave is the first major work by José Teófilo de Jesus. The Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1938 and is part of the Historic Center of Salvador UNESCO World Heritage Site.
New Zealand Midland Railway Company
The New Zealand Midland Railway Company partially constructed the Midland line between Christchurch and Greymouth and the Nelson railway in the South Island. It was one of the few private railway companies in New Zealand, and it did not match the success of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company.

Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company
The Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company (WMR or W&MR Co.) was a private railway company that operated the railway between Thorndon in Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, and Longburn, near Palmerston North in the Manawatū between 1885 and 1908. The company and its railway were acquired by the New Zealand Government Railways (NZR or NZGR) in 1908, and integrated into the NZGR system.
Jilin–Shulan railway
The Jilin–Shulan railway, named the Jishu Railway (simplified Chinese: 吉舒铁路; traditional Chinese: 吉舒鐵路; pinyin: Jíshū Tiělù), is a 90 km (56 mi) single-track railway line in Northeast China running from Jilin to Shulan. At Jilin, which is the terminus of the Shenji Railway, it connects to the Changtu Railway and the Changhun Intercity Railway, and at Shulan it connects to the Labin Railway and the Taoshu Railway.

Lafa–Harbin railway
The Lafa–Harbin railway, named the Labin Railway (simplified Chinese: 拉滨铁路; traditional Chinese: 拉濱鐵路; pinyin: Lābīn Tiělù), is a 272 km (169 mi) single-track trunk railway in Northeast China, running from Lafa to Binjiang via Harbin. It connects to the Changtu Railway at Lafa, to the Jishu Railway and the Taoshu Railway at Shulan, to the Binsui Railway and the Hahuan Line at Xiangfang, and at Harbin to the Binbei Railway, the Binzhou Railway, and the Jingha Railway.
Jendrassik Cs-1
The Jendrassik Cs-1 was the world's first working turboprop engine. It was designed by Hungarian engineer György Jendrassik in 1937, and was intended to power a Hungarian twin-engine heavy fighter, the RMI-1.

Varga RMI-1 X/H
The Varga RMI-1 was a twin-engine turboprop-powered aircraft designed by Hungarian engineer László Varga, and the world's first turboprop aircraft. It was a fighter-bomber intended to test the new turboprop Jendrassik Cs-1 aero engine. Only one prototype was built, as with the signing of a mutual defence pact between Hungary and Germany in June 1941, it was decided to license produce the Daimler-Benz DB 605 piston engine and purchase the Messerschmitt Me 210 fitted with these engines to fill the fighter-bomber requirement. Due to difficulties with the original engines, the sole prototype was re-engined with German Daimler-Benz DB 605s in 1944 and undertook taxiing trials and high speed runs, but was destroyed by Allied bombing in June 1944 before making its first flight.