hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Three Bridges–Tunbridge Wells line
The Three Bridges–Tunbridge Wells line is a mostly disused railway line running from Three Bridges (on the Brighton Main Line) in West Sussex to Tunbridge Wells Central in Kent via East Grinstead in West Sussex (East Sussex pre-1974), a distance of 20 miles 74 chains (33.7 km). Opened in 1855, the main section of the line was a casualty of the Beeching Axe – the last train ran on 1 January 1967. The remaining section to Tunbridge Wells closed on 6 July 1985, although the section between Groombridge and Tunbridge Wells West was reopened in 1997 under the auspices of the Spa Valley Railway.

Grange Road railway station
Grange Road was a railway station on the Three Bridges to Tunbridge Wells Central Line.  The first station opened in 1860 and was sited on the east side of the level crossing. In 1876 a new enlarged station was opened on the west side of the level crossing, with a footbridge added in 1897. The station and railway closed in 1967, a casualty of the Beeching Axe. Good facilities in the station were withdrawn from 2.10.1961.
Sensorama
The Sensorama was a machine that is one of the earliest known examples of immersive, multi-sensory (now known as multimodal) technology. This technology, which was introduced in 1962 by Morton Heilig, is considered one of the earliest virtual reality (VR) systems.

Morton Heilig
Morton Leonard Heilig (December 22, 1926 – May 14, 1997) was an American pioneer in virtual reality (VR) technology and a filmmaker. He applied his cinematographer experience and with the help of his partner developed the Sensorama over several years from 1957, patenting it in 1962.
4 Digital Group
4 Digital Group was a media consortium in the United Kingdom. In July 2007, the group won the licence to operate the second national DAB radio multiplex. The consortium, led by Channel 4 Radio, was a combination of existing commercial radio operators and brands new to radio. The group aimed to boost the up-take of digital radio in the United Kingdom in a similar manner to the growth of digital television since the introduction of Freeview. Their strategy for this was the introduction of ten new national stations, including speech and music services, and advertising for the format.

Channel 4 Radio
Channel 4 Radio was a radio brand in the United Kingdom, launched by Channel Four Television Corporation in January 2007. On 11 October 2008 its closure was announced. It incorporated Oneword, in which Channel 4 purchased a 51% share in 2005, although it relinquished this share to co-owner UBC Media in January 2008.

Listeners were required to register an email address and user name with Channel 4 Radio and log in to listen.
Tardy for the Party
"Tardy for the Party" is a song by American television personality Kim Zolciak; it was independently released on September 1, 2009. The track was written and produced by her The Real Housewives of Atlanta castmate Kandi Burruss, with additional lyrical contributions from Zolciak, Brandon Joel Bowles, and Darnell Richard.

Kim Zolciak
Kimberleigh Marie "Kim" Zolciak-Biermann (née Zolciak; born May 19, 1978) is an American television personality. She is best known as an original cast member of the Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of Atlanta, starring in 5 and recurring in 1 of the 16 seasons since its 2008 premiere. Her spin-off series Don't Be Tardy (originally Don't Be Tardy for the Wedding) aired 8 seasons from 2012–2020.

In 2015, Zolciak was one of the contestants on season 21 of the dancing competition series Dancing with the Stars, she withdrew from the competition on September 15, 2015, finishing in 11th place.
Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture
Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture is a 1992 novel by Greek author Apostolos Doxiadis. It concerns a young man's interaction with his reclusive uncle, who seeks to prove a famous open conjecture in mathematics, called Goldbach's conjecture, that every even number greater than two is the sum of two primes. The novel discusses mathematical problems and some recent history of mathematics.

Goldbach's conjecture
Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics. It states that every even natural number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers.

The conjecture has been shown to hold for all natural numbers less than 4×1018, but remains unproven despite considerable effort.
Gould's shortwing
Gould's shortwing (Heteroxenicus stellatus) is a small species of passerine bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in the Himalayas (mainly Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Bhutan), Yunnan and northern parts of Myanmar and Vietnam. It breeds in the eastern Himalayas in rocky areas above the tree-line and winters at lower altitude in wooded valleys.

Gould's shortwing is the only species in the genus Heteroxenicus. It was formerly placed in the genus Brachypteryx.

The common name commemorates the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould (1804-1881).

John Gould
John Gould FRS (/ɡuːld/; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist who published monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. Because of his 1840s seven-volume series The Birds of Australia and its updates he has been considered the father of bird study in Australia, and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species.
Max Steinberg (soldier)
Max Donald Steinberg (Hebrew: מקס שטיינברג; November 27, 1989 – July 20, 2014) was an American-Israeli soldier in the Israel Defense Forces killed in the Gaza Strip during the 2014 Gaza War. A lone soldier, his funeral in Israel was attended by over 30,000 people, including the U.S. ambassador to Israel.

Lone soldier
A lone soldier (Hebrew: חַיָּל בּוֹדֵד, Ḥayal Boded) is a member of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) who does not have support in Israel, either because they do not have immediate family in Israel or they are estranged from their family in Israel. Lone soldiers serve in regular IDF units, including combat units, and receive special entitlements from the IDF, Israeli government ministries, and charity organizations, such as increased salaries, housing assistance, and additional leave. As of June 2022, there were approximately 7,000 lone soldiers from over 60 countries.
Blue Boy (album)
Blue Boy is a studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Ron Sexsmith, released in 2001. Sexsmith's former label, Interscope, refused to release the album; Sexsmith eventually was able to license and shop it.

Ron Sexsmith
Ronald Eldon Sexsmith (born January 8, 1964) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from St. Catharines, Ontario. He was the songwriter of the year at the 2005 Juno Awards. He began releasing recordings of his own material in 1985 at age 21 and has since recorded eighteen albums. He was the subject of a 2010 documentary called Love Shines.
1994 United States Senate election in Michigan
The 1994 United States Senate election in Michigan was held November 8, 1994. Incumbent Democratic Senator Don Riegle decided not run for re-election. Spencer Abraham won the open seat, becoming the first and so far only Republican to win a U.S. Senate race in Michigan since Robert P. Griffin in 1972 and the first to win the state's Class I seat since Charles E. Potter in 1952. As of 2025, this was the last time that a Republican was elected to a U.S. Senate seat in Michigan.

Donald Riegle
Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. (/ˈriːɡəl/ REE-gəl; born February 4, 1938) is an American politician, author, and businessman from Michigan. He served for five terms as a representative and for three terms as a senator in the U.S. Congress.
From Memphis to Vegas / From Vegas to Memphis
From Memphis to Vegas / From Vegas to Memphis is the eleventh studio album and the second live album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley. It was released on October 14, 1969, by RCA Records. It is a double album: the first album, titled In Person at the International Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, contains the live recordings of Presley's hits at the International Hotel in Winchester, Nevada, while the second album, titled Back in Memphis, contains entirely new material recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis. The album peaked at No. 12 on the Billboard 200, and was certified Gold on December 13, 1969, by the Recording Industry Association of America.

American Sound Studio
35°09′50″N 90°02′12″W﻿ / ﻿35.163844°N 90.036715°W﻿ / 35.163844; -90.036715

The American Sound Studio was a recording studio located in Memphis, Tennessee which operated from 1964 to 1972. Founded by Chips Moman, the studio at 827 Thomas Street came to be known as American North, and the studio at 2272 Deadrick Street came to be known as American East or the Annex.

More than one hundred hit songs were recorded at these studios, with backing provided by the studio musicians "The Memphis Boys", also known as the "827 Thomas Street Band". Artists who recorded at American included Elvis Presley, Joe Tex, Wilson Pickett, Bobby Womack, Joe Simon, Merrilee Rush, Aretha Franklin, Oscar Toney Jr., Neil Diamond, Dusty Springfield, B. J. Thomas, Petula Clark, Roy Hamilton, and The Box Tops.

In 2011, producer/engineer Brad Dunn and partners, seeking to preserve its recording history legacy, reopened the American East location as American Recording Studio.
Rondón, Boyacá
Rondón is a town and municipality in the Márquez Province, part of Boyacá Department, Colombia. The urban centre of Rondón is situated at an altitude of 2,075 metres (6,808 ft) on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Colombian Eastern Ranges of the Andes. It is 61 kilometres (38 mi) away from the departmental capital Tunja. Rondón borders Viracachá and Siachoque in the north, Zetaquirá and Ramiriquí in the south, Pesca in the east and Ramiriquí and Ciénega in the west.

Pesca
Pesca is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the Sugamuxi Province, a subregion of Boyacá. The town is located in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes at altitudes between 2,540 metres (8,330 ft) and 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). Pesca is 108 kilometres (67 mi) west from the department capital Tunja and borders Firavitoba in the north, Iza in the northeast, Tuta in the northwest, in the east Tota, Zetaquirá in the south, Rondón and Siachoque in the southwest and Toca in the west.
Klawdziy Duzh-Dushewski
Klawdziy Stsyapanavich Duzh-Dushewski (Belarusian: Клаўдзій Сцяпанавіч Дуж-Душэўскі, Polish: Klaudiusz Duż-Duszewski, Lithuanian: Klaudijus Dušauskas-Duž; 27 March 1891 – 25 February 1959) was a Belarusian civil engineer, architect, diplomat and journalist. He is believed to be the creator of the national flag of Belarus in 1917.

White-red-white flag
The white-red-white flag is a historical flag used by the Belarusian Democratic Republic in 1918 before Western Belarus was occupied by the Second Polish Republic and Eastern Belarus was occupied by the Bolsheviks (two years later becoming the Belarusian SSR). The flag was then used by the Belarusian national movement in Western Belarus followed by use during the German occupation of Belarus between 1943 and 1944, and again after it regained its independence in 1991 until the 1995 referendum.

Opposition groups have continued to use this flag, though its display in Belarus has been restricted by the government of Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko, which claims it is linked with Nazi collaboration due to its use by Belarusian collaborators during World War II. The white-red-white flag has been used in protests against the government, most recently the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests, and by the Belarusian diaspora.
Maghrebi cuisine
Maghreb cuisine is the cooking of the Maghreb region, the northwesternmost part of Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of the countries of Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. Well-known dishes from the region include couscous, pastilla, tajine and shakshouka.

Shakshouka
Shakshouka is a Maghrebi dish of eggs poached in a sauce of tomatoes, olive oil, peppers, onion, and garlic, commonly spiced with cumin, paprika, and cayenne pepper. Shakshouka is a popular dish throughout North Africa and the Middle East.
Cooma railway station
The Cooma railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the Bombala railway line at Bradley Street, Cooma, New South Wales, Australia. The original design of the station was attributed to John Whitton. The station complex was built from 1889 to 1950. The Cooma Monaro Railway is based at the station and runs a heritage railway museum in the restored station building, with plans to restore heritage passenger train operations. The station was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Cooma Monaro Railway
The Cooma Monaro Railway (CMR) is a heritage railway museum in Cooma, New South Wales, Australia. It is based at Cooma railway station on the Bombala line. It previously operated services on an 18-kilometre (11 mi) section of the line.
Louis Spohr
Louis Spohr ([ˈluːi ˈʃpo:ɐ], 5 April 1784 – 22 October 1859), baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig,  was a German composer, violinist and conductor.

Highly regarded during his lifetime, Spohr composed ten symphonies, ten operas, eighteen violin concerti, four clarinet concerti, four oratorios, and various works for small ensemble, chamber music, and art songs.  Spohr invented the violin chinrest and the orchestral rehearsal mark. His output spans the transition between Classical and Romantic music, but fell into obscurity following his death, when his music was rarely heard. The late twentieth century saw a modest revival of interest in his oeuvre, primarily in Europe, but his reputation has never been restored to that during his lifetime.

Rehearsal letter
A rehearsal letter, sometimes referred to as rehearsal marks, rehearsal figures, or rehearsal numbers, is a boldface letter of the alphabet in an orchestral score, and its corresponding parts, that provides the conductor, who typically leads rehearsals, with a convenient spot to tell the orchestra to begin at places other than the start of movements or pieces. Rehearsal letters are most often used in scores of the Romantic era and onwards, beginning with Louis Spohr. Rehearsal letters are typically placed at structural points in the piece.
Raynham Hall
Raynham Hall is a country house in Norfolk, England. For nearly 400 years it has been the seat of the Townshend family. The hall gave its name to the five estate villages, known as The Raynhams, and is reported to be haunted, providing the scene for possibly the most famous ghost photo of all time, the famous Brown Lady descending the staircase. However, the ghost has been allegedly seen infrequently since the photo was taken. Its most famous resident was Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend (1674–1738), leader in the House of Lords.

Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend
Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, KG PC FRS(/ˈtaʊnzənd/; 18 April 1674 – 21 June 1738) was a British Whig statesman. From 1714 to 1717, and again from 1721 to 1730, he served as Secretary of State for the Northern Department. He directed British foreign policy in close collaboration with his brother-in-law, prime minister Robert Walpole. He was often known as Turnip Townshend because of his strong interest in farming field turnips and his role in the British Agricultural Revolution.
Lex ferenda
Lex ferenda  is a Latin expression that means "future law" used in the sense of "what the law should be" (as opposed to lex lata - "the current law"). The derivative expression de lege ferenda means "with a view to the future law". The expressions are generally used in the context of proposals for legislative improvements, especially in the academic literature, both in the Anglo-American and in the continental legal systems.

Lex lata
Lex lata (also called de lege lata) is a Latin expression used in matters of international law. Its most common translation is "the law as it exists," but it is sometimes seen as "the law that has been borne," or "ratified law."

When used in legal proceedings, lex lata refers to the law that is presently enforced. This rules out any previous laws or laws that have not been passed, and prevents the use of hypothetical arguments from any interpreters of the term.

Lex lata can be compared to lus conditum ("established law"), and its opposite is lex ferenda, which translates to "future law" or "what the law ought to be."
Mazda F engine
The F engine family from Mazda is a mid-sized inline-four piston engine with iron block, alloy head and belt-driven SOHC and DOHC configurations. Introduced in 1983 as the 1.6-litre F6, this engine was found in the Mazda B-Series truck and Mazda G platform models such as Mazda 626/Capella as well as many other models internationally including Mazda Bongo and Ford Freda clone, Mazda B-series based Ford Courier, Mazda 929 HC and the GD platform-based Ford Probe

There were four basic head types within the F range, the diesel SOHC 8-valve (R-series), the petrol SOHC 8-valve, petrol SOHC 12-valve, and the petrol DOHC 16-valve. These heads came attached to multiple variations of the different blocks and strokes. Only the petrol 8-valve and 12-valve shared the same gasket pattern. It was built at the Miyoshi Plant in Miyoshi, Hiroshima, Japan.

Mazda Bongo
The Mazda Bongo (Japanese: マツダ・ボンゴ, Hepburn: Matsuda Bongo), also known as Mazda E-Series, Eunos Cargo, and the Ford Econovan, is a cabover van and pickup truck manufactured by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 1966. The Bongo name was also used for the Bongo Friendee, which is not a cabover design.

It has been built with rear-, middle-, as well as front-mounted engines. It also formed the basis for the long-running Kia Bongo range. It is named for the African Bongo, a type of antelope.
Karasjok Municipality
Karasjok or Kárášjohka (Northern Sami; [ˈkʰaːraːʃˌjohka]) (also: Kven: Kaarasjoki) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Karasjok. Other villages include Dorvonjárga, Šuoššjávri, and Váljohka.

The 5,453-square-kilometre (2,105 sq mi) municipality is the second largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Karasjok is the 250th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,565. The municipality's population density is 0.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.9% over the previous 10-year period.

A survey conducted on behalf of the Sami Language Council in the year 2000 showed that 94 percent of the population are Sami speakers.

Wildlife: 16 different bears have been in the municipality, during 2025.

Sámi languages
The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.
Guler chieftaincy
Guler was a minor chieftaincy in the Lower Himalayas. Its capital was the town of Haripur Guler, in modern-day Himachal Pradesh. The kingdom was founded in 1415 by Raja Hari Chand, a scion of the ancient royal family of Kangra. The etymology of the word Guler can be traced to the word Gwalior, meaning the abode of cowherds. One of the foremost schools of Pahari miniatures is named after this small principality.

Guler State is famous as the birthplace of Kangra painting when in the first half of the 18th century, a family of Kashmiri painters trained in the Mughal painting style sought shelter at the court of Raja Dalip Singh (r.  1695–1741) of Guler. The rise of Guler Paintings or Guler style started what is known as the early phase of Kangra art.

Haripur Guler
Haripur is a township in Kangra district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.  Haripur and Guler are twin townships carrying the heritage of Guler Riyasat. A river separates the two towns which further creates Pong Wetland, a Ramsar Wetland Site, home to a large number of migratory birds in winters because of marshes and the presence of irrigated private land.
Agent noun
In linguistics, an agent noun (in Latin, nomen agentis) is a word that is derived from another word denoting an action, and that identifies an entity that does that action. For example, driver is an agent noun formed from the verb drive.

Usually, derived in the above definition has the strict sense attached to it in morphology, that is the derivation takes as an input a lexeme (an abstract unit of morphological analysis) and produces a new lexeme. However, the classification of morphemes into derivational morphemes (see word formation) and inflectional ones is not generally a straightforward theoretical question, and different authors can make different decisions as to the general theoretical principles of the classification as well as to the actual classification of morphemes presented in a grammar of some language (for example, of the agent noun-forming morpheme).

Agent (grammar)
In linguistics, a grammatical agent is the thematic relation of the cause or initiator to an event. The agent is a semantic concept distinct from the subject of a sentence as well as from the topic. While the subject is determined syntactically, primarily through word order, the agent is determined through its relationship to the action expressed by the verb. For example, in the sentence "The little girl was bitten by the dog", girl is the subject, but dog is the agent.

The word agent comes from the present participle agens, agentis ('the one doing') of the Latin verb agere, to 'do' or 'make'.
São João (Lajes do Pico)
São João, named for John the Baptist (in Portuguese) is a civil parish in the municipality of Lajes do Pico in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. It is the only civil parish in the municipality with a border on the summit of Pico (2,351 meters). The population in 2011 was 423, in an area of 32.94 km2. It contains the localities Areia, Companhia de Baixo, Companhia de Cima and Ponta Rasa.

Lajes do Pico
Lajes do Pico (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈlaʒɨʒ ðu ˈpiku] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the central Azores. It is one of three municipalities of the island of Pico. It has 4,342 inhabitants as of 2021, in an area of 155.31 km2. It is bordered by Madalena to the west and by São Roque do Pico to the north.