hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GNU Hurd
GNU Hurd is a collection of microkernel servers written as part of GNU, for the GNU Mach microkernel. It has been under development since 1990 by the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation, designed as a replacement for the Unix kernel, and released as free software under the GNU General Public License. When the Linux kernel proved to be a viable solution, development of GNU Hurd slowed, at times alternating between stasis and renewed activity and interest.

The Hurd's design consists of a set of protocols and server processes (or daemons, in Unix terminology) that run on the GNU Mach microkernel. The Hurd aims to surpass the Unix kernel in functionality, security, and stability, while remaining largely compatible with it. The GNU Project chose the multiserver microkernel for the operating system, due to perceived advantages over the traditional Unix monolithic kernel architecture, a view that had been advocated by some developers in the 1980s.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".
Thiratoscirtus obudu
Thiratoscirtus obudu is a species of a jumping spider in the genus Thiratoscirtus that lives in Nigeria. The species was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Russell-Smith. The holotype was found at an altitude of 1,900 m (6,200 ft) above sea level on Obudu Plateau, Cross River State, after which it is named. Only the male has been described. It is a medium-sized spider, with a wider cephalothorax that is between 2.7 and 2.8 mm long and a thinner abdomen that is 2.2 and 2.4 mm in length, both oval in shape. The mouthparts include robust chelicerae and a short fang. It can be distinguished from other spiders in the genus by its copulatory organs. It has a small pedipalp with a rounded palpal bulb and a small spike on its palpal tibia called a tibial apophysis The apophysis is smaller than that found on other species.

Thiratoscirtus
Thiratoscirtus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first circumscribed by Eugène Louis Simon in 1886. Thiratoscirtus is very diverse and contains many monophyletic groups. Phylogenetic analysis undertaken by Melissa Bonder and Wayne Maddison has shown that it is related to the genera Alfenus, Bacelarella, Longarenus and Malloneta. The genus is also closely related to Nimbarus. It is likely to have diverged between 16.3 and 18.7 million years ago. In 2012, Bodner and Wayne Maddison proposed a subfamily Thiratoscirtinae for the genus and its related genera. This overlapped with a group of genera named Thiratoscirtines after the genus, created by Jerzy Prószyński in 2017. Thiratoscirtus is a member of the subtribe Thiratoscirtina in the tribe Aelurillini. In 2015, Maddison listed the tribe to the subclade Simonida in the clade Saltafresia in the clade Salticoida.
Ectinoderus
Ectinoderus is a genus of Asian bugs in the family Reduviidae.  It is the type genus of the tribe Ectinoderini: the 'Oriental resin bugs' (although some authorities elevate this to a subfamily - Ectinoderinae).

Harpactorinae
The Harpactorinae are a large subfamily of the Reduviidae (assassin bugs). About 300 genera and 2,000 species worldwide have been described. Some of the species of the genera Zelus, Pselliopus, Sinea, and Apiomerus are of interest as biological pest control agents.
Twinings
Twinings (/ˈtwaɪnɪŋz/ ⓘ) is a British marketeer of tea and other beverages, including coffee, hot chocolate, and malt drinks, based in Andover, Hampshire. The brand is owned by Associated British Foods. It holds the world's oldest continually used company logo and is London's longest-standing ratepayer, having occupied the same premises on the Strand since 1706. Twinings tea varieties include black tea, green tea and herbal teas, along with fruit-based cold infusions.

Andover, Hampshire
Andover (/ˈændoʊvər/ AN-doh-vər) is a town in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. The town is on the River Anton, a major tributary of the Test, and lies alongside the major A303 trunk road at the eastern end of Salisbury Plain, 18 miles (29 km) west of the town of Basingstoke. It is 14 miles (23 km) from Winchester, 35 miles (56 km) north of Southampton and 65 miles (105 km) from London.

The town developed as a centre for grain milling and wool processing, and in the 20th century it took on a significant Armed Forces presence.
Granton Lighthouse
Granton Lighthouse is a former depot on West Harbour Road in Granton, Edinburgh, Scotland, now used as business accommodation. Originally known as the Northern Lighthouse Board Engineering, Storage and Testing Facility, it was formerly used by the Northern Lighthouse Board to store and distribute supplies, test and service equipment, and train employees.

Granton, Edinburgh
Granton is a district in the north of Edinburgh, Scotland. Granton forms part of Edinburgh's waterfront along the Firth of Forth and is, historically, an industrial area having a large harbour. Granton is part of Edinburgh's large scale waterfront regeneration programme.
Alessandro Carloni
Alessandro Carloni is an Italian film director, writer, animator, and art director, best known for his work with DreamWorks Animation in general, particularly the first three Kung Fu Panda films. He co-directed Kung Fu Panda 3, alongside Jennifer Yuh Nelson.

Jennifer Yuh Nelson
Jennifer Yuh Nelson (née Yuh; born May 7, 1972) is an American story artist, character designer, illustrator, and film and television director. She is best known for directing the films Kung Fu Panda 2, Kung Fu Panda 3, and The Darkest Minds. Yuh is the first woman to solely direct and the first Asian American to direct a major American animated film, and has been recognized as a commercially successful Asian American director.

She won an Annie Award for Best Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production for directing the opening for Kung Fu Panda and was the second woman nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, for her work on Kung Fu Panda 2. The film proved to be one of the most financially successful films directed by a woman. As a supervisor director for her work on Love, Death & Robots, she won Emmy Awards two consecutive times.
Foula
Foula (/ˈfuːlə/ FOO-lə), located in the Shetland archipelago of Scotland, is one of the United Kingdom's most remote permanently inhabited islands. The liner RMS Oceanic was wrecked on the Shaalds of Foula in 1914. Foula was the location for the film The Edge of the World (1937).

RMS Oceanic
60°07.05′N 001°58.30′W﻿ / ﻿60.11750°N 1.97167°W﻿ / 60.11750; -1.97167

RMS Oceanic was a transatlantic ocean liner built for the White Star Line. She sailed on her maiden voyage on 6 September 1899 and was the largest ship in the world until 1901. At the outbreak of World War I she was converted into an armed merchant cruiser. On 8 August 1914 she was commissioned into Royal Navy service.

On 25 August 1914, the newly designated HMS Oceanic departed Southampton to patrol the waters from the North Scottish mainland to Faroe. On 8 September she ran aground and was wrecked off the island of Foula, in the Shetland Islands.
Braća Left
Braća Left (Serbian Cyrillic: Браћа Лефт; trans. The Left Brothers) was a Serbian alternative rock band formed in Belgrade in 1992. Founded by former Oktobar 1864 and Armagedon members, Braća Left was a prominent act of the 1990s Serbian rock scene.

Oktobar 1864
Oktobar 1864 (Serbian Cyrillic: Октобар 1864; trans. October 1864) was a Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1984.

Formed and led by guitarist Goran Tomanović and fronted by vocalist Tanja Jovićević, the band gained mainstream popularity in Yugoslavia in mid-1980s with their funk rock and jazz pop sound. During their activity, the band released three studio albums with a number of hit songs. Despite commercial success and critical acclaim, due to the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars, the band members decided to end their activity in 1992.
Deceit 2
Deceit 2 is a free‐to‐play online social deduction horror video game developed and published by World Makers. It is the sequel to the original Deceit, expanding on its blend of social deduction mechanics and survival horror elements.

Deceit (video game)
Deceit was a free-to-play online social deduction, FPS, horror video game developed and published by World Makers. It first released on PC on October 4th 2016. The second game is Deceit 2. The game's servers shut down on November 6, 2025.
Bedok North lift murder
On 16 April 1994, 80-year-old Loo Kwee Hwa (Chinese: 卢桂花; pinyin: Lú Guìhuā), who was heading to a friend's Bedok North flat to go play cards with her acquaintances, was found murdered at a flight of stairs between the 15th and 16th floor of the same HDB block, and bloodstains containing her DNA were also found inside the lift she last entered. The gold jewellery which Loo was last seen wearing had also been stolen by her attacker.

Through police investigations, a 22-year-old unemployed man and drug addict named Indra Wijaya Ibrahim was arrested. Despite the fact that he argued he was intoxicated by alcohol and the effects of overdosing on anti-anxiety pills, Indra was found to be mentally sound at the time of killing Loo, and hence he was found guilty and sentenced to death for the robbery and murder of Loo, and he was later hanged on 29 September 1995.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
Source (lifestyle magazine)
Source magazine was a free bi-monthly magazine published by the John Brown Group on behalf of Greenbee, a former direct services brand of the John Lewis Partnership. The magazine featured articles covering interior design, beauty, the arts, travel, finance, and lifestyle. Helena Lang edited the magazine between 2006 and 2009. Source ceased publication in 2009, and the Greenbee brand was discontinued in 2010.

John Lewis Partnership
John Lewis Partnership PLC is a British company that operates John Lewis & Partners department stores, Waitrose supermarkets, financial services and a build to rent operation. The public limited company is owned by a trust on behalf of all its employees, known as Partners, who share the responsibilities and rewards of ownership. John Lewis has around 74,000 employees as of 2024.
May Assembly
May Assembly (Serbian: Мајска скупштина / Majska skupština) was the national assembly of the Serbs in Austrian Empire, held on 1 and 3 (O.S.) [13 and 15 (N.S.)] May 1848 in Sremski Karlovci, during which the Serbs proclaimed autonomous Serbian Vojvodina. This action was later recognized by the supreme Austrian authority in Vienna. The May Assembly was part of the European Revolutions of 1848.

Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina (Serbian: Српска Војводина, romanized: Srpska Vojvodina) was a short-lived self-proclaimed autonomous province within the Austrian Empire during the Revolutions of 1848, which existed until 1849 when it was transformed into the new (official) Austrian province named Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat. It was created and led by political leaders of Serbs in regions of Syrmia, Banat, Bačka and Baranja. The Serbian Vojvodina gave its name to the present Vojvodina autonomous region in Serbia.
Characene
Characene (Ancient Greek: Χαρακηνή), also known as Mesene (Μεσσήνη) or Meshan, was a kingdom founded by the Iranian Hyspaosines located at the head of the Persian Gulf mostly within modern day Iraq. Its capital, Charax Spasinou (Χάραξ Σπασινού), was an important port for trade between Mesopotamia and India, and also provided port facilities for the city of Susa further up the Karun River. The kingdom was frequently a vassal of the Parthian Empire. Characene was mainly populated by Arabs, who spoke Aramaic as their cultural language. All rulers of the principality had Iranian names. Members of the Arsacid dynasty also ruled the state.

Hyspaosines
Hyspaosines (also spelled Aspasine) was the founder of Characene, a kingdom situated in southern Mesopotamia. He was originally a Seleucid satrap installed by king Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r. 175 – 164 BC), but declared independence in 141 BC after the collapse and subsequent transfer of Seleucid authority in Iran and Babylonia to the Parthians. Hyspaosines briefly occupied the Parthian city of Babylon in 127 BC, where he is recorded in records as king (šarru). In 124 BC, however, he was forced to acknowledge Parthian suzerainty. He died in the same year, and was succeeded by his juvenile son Apodakos.
Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater
Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, FRS, FSA (11 November 1756 – 11 February 1829), known as Francis Egerton until 1823, was a British eccentric from the Egerton family and supporter of natural theology.

Bridgewater was a Church of England clergyman who held the rectories of Myddle (1781) and Whitchurch (1797) in Shropshire, but the duties were performed by a proxy. He succeeded his brother John in the earldom in 1823, and spent the latter part of his life in Paris. He was a fair scholar, and a zealous naturalist and antiquarian. When he died in February 1829 the earldom became extinct.

Earl of Bridgewater
Earl of Bridgewater was a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England, once for the Daubeny family (1538) and once for the Egerton family (1617). From 1720 to 1803, the Earls of Bridgewater also held the title of Duke of Bridgewater. The 3rd Duke of Bridgewater is famously known as the "Canal Duke", for his creation of a series of canals in North West England.
Champions League of Darts
The Champions League of Darts, also known as the Paddy Power Champions League of Darts for sponsorship purposes, was a non-ranking darts tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation held each year in September from 2016 until 2019. Featuring just the top eight players in the PDC, it was played over two days in a group stage, and then knockout format and was the smallest of the PDC's televised premier events.

It was first held in September 2016 at the Motorpoint Arena in Cardiff, the inaugural champion was Phil Taylor. The next two were then won by Mensur Suljović and Gary Anderson, before the final champion was Michael van Gerwen in 2019. Following the cancellation of the 2020 tournament, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was quietly shelved by the PDC.

The tournament was the first PDC event to be broadcast on the BBC.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Elisse B. Walter
Elisse B. Walter (born April 14, 1950) was the 30th Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from December 14, 2012 – April 10, 2013. She was appointed chair by President Barack Obama on November 26, 2012, and sworn in on December 14, 2012. She was originally appointed as one of five SEC Commissioners by President George W. Bush and sworn in on July 9, 2008. Under designation by President Obama, she later served as Acting Chair during January 2009. She served as a Commissioner of the SEC until August 9, 2013.

On January 24, 2013, President Obama nominated Mary Jo White to be Walter's successor as chair. White was confirmed by the Senate on April 8, 2013, and was sworn into office on April 10, 2013.

Mary Jo White
Mary Jo White (born December 27, 1947) is an American attorney who served as the 31st chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2013 to 2017. She was the first woman to be the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, serving from 1993 to 2002. On January 24, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated White to replace Elisse B. Walter as Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. She was confirmed by the Senate on April 8, 2013, and was sworn into office on April 10, 2013. In 2014, she was listed as the 73rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.

On November 14, 2016, White announced she would step down from her SEC position at the end of the president's term. In her subsequent return to private practice she represented criminal defendants including Les Wexner, an associate of Jeffrey Epstein, and the Sackler family, owners of opioid manufacturer Purdue Pharma. She is now the senior chair at Debevoise & Plimpton in New York City.
Connecticut Route 337
Route 337 is a state highway in southern Connecticut running for 4.91 miles (7.90 km) from Interstate 95 (I-95) in New Haven to Route 142 in East Haven. The road serves Tweed-New Haven Airport, and is also the main thoroughfare for the East Shore neighborhood of New Haven and the village of Momauguin in East Haven.

Interstate 95 in Connecticut
Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the East Coast of the United States, running in a general east–west compass direction for 111.57 miles (179.55 km) in Connecticut, from the New York state line to the Rhode Island state line. I-95 from Greenwich to East Lyme is part of the Connecticut Turnpike, during which it passes through the major cities of Stamford, Bridgeport, and New Haven. After leaving the turnpike in East Lyme, I-95 is known as the Jewish War Veterans Memorial Highway and passes through New London, Groton, and Mystic, before exiting the state through North Stonington at the Rhode Island border and goes on.
Princess Maria Filiberta of Savoy
Maria Filiberta of Savoy (Maria Vittoria Filiberta; 29 September 1814 – 2 January 1874) was a Princess of Savoy by royal decree and later a Princess of the Two Sicilies by virtue of her marriage to Prince Leopold of Two Sicilies, Count of Syracuse, younger son of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife, Infanta María Isabella of Spain.

Francis I of the Two Sicilies
Francis I of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni Battista;  19 August 1777 –  8 November 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830 and regent of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1806 to 1814.
Purley on Thames
Purley on Thames (known locally as Purley) is a village and civil parish in Berkshire, England. Purley is centred 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of Reading, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Pangbourne, and 22 miles (35 km) south-east of Oxford. Historically, Purley comprised three separate manors and associated settlements. In the centre there is an historic area named variously Lething or Burley (Domesday) which accommodated traders and craftsmen alongside the main Reading to Oxford road.

Pangbourne
Pangbourne is a village and civil parish on the River Thames in the West Berkshire unitary area of the county of Berkshire, England. Pangbourne has shops, churches, schools and a village hall. Outside its grouped developed area is an independent school, Pangbourne College.
London Buses route 15
London Buses route 15 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Blackwall and Charing Cross stations, it is operated by Go-Ahead London subsidiary Blue Triangle.

Short workings of route 15 were provided by route 15H with traditional AEC Routemaster buses between 2005 and 2019.

London Buses route 15 (Heritage)
London Buses route 15H was a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. It ran between Tower Hill station and Trafalgar Square, and was operated by Stagecoach London subsidiary East London.

It was a short working of the standard route 15 and was the last route operated with preserved AEC Routemasters.
Downtown Magnets High School
Downtown Magnets High School (DMHS) is an alternate magnet high school located in the Temple-Beaudry neighborhood near Downtown Los Angeles. The school belongs to the Downtown/MacArthur Park Community of Schools and houses three magnet programs: Business (DBM), and Electronic Information (EIM), and the International Baccalaureate (IB). The three magnets combined hold a total student population of approximately 1,000 students.

Previously sharing a campus with the television station KLCS on West Temple Street, the school relocated to the Edward R. Roybal Learning Center beginning of the 2022–2023 year.

Edward R. Roybal Learning Center
Edward R. Roybal Learning Center (formerly known as Belmont Learning Center, Vista Hermosa Learning Center, and Central Los Angeles High School 11) is a secondary school located in the Westlake area of Los Angeles, California. Built to alleviate overcrowding at the nearby Belmont High School, the school's construction was met with controversy surrounding its cost and the discoveries of harmful gases and an earthquake fault, leading to a temporary suspension in 1999 that wasn't lifted until 2003. While development began in 1988, the school did not open until 20 years later on September 3, 2008.
Korea Aerospace Research Institute
The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI; Korean: 한국항공우주연구원), established in 1989, is the aeronautics and space agency of South Korea.  Its main laboratories are located in Daejeon, in the Daedeok Science Town. KARI's vision is to continue building upon indigenous launch capabilities, strengthen national safety and public service, industrialize satellite information and applications technology, explore the Moon, and develop environmentally-friendly and highly-efficient cutting-edge aircraft and core aerospace technology.  Current projects include the KSLV-2 launcher. Past projects include the 1999 Arirang-1 satellite.  The agency was founded in 1989.  Prior to South Korea's entry into the Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE) in 1992, it focused primarily on aerospace technology. As of May 2024, KARI is an affiliated research institute of the Korea AeroSpace Administration.

Korea AeroSpace Administration
The Korea AeroSpace Administration (KASA; Korean: 우주항공청) is a Korean government-funded space and aeronautics agency. Established under the Ministry of Science and ICT, KASA oversees the Korea Aerospace Research Institute and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. Its headquarters is located in Sacheon, South Gyeongsang Province.