hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big-4 League
The Big-4 League was a top-level senior ice hockey league that operated in Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, for two seasons between 1919 and 1921.  Created with the intention of competing for the Allan Cup senior-amateur championship, the league's existence was marred by accusations that its teams were secretly paying their players.  The Big-4 lost its amateur status after its first season and operated as an independent league until further accusations of the use of ineligible players led to its collapse in 1921.  Two of its teams, the Calgary Tigers and Edmonton Eskimos went on to form the professional Western Canada Hockey League.

Edmonton Eskimos (ice hockey)
The Edmonton Eskimos were a Canadian amateur and later professional men's ice hockey team that existed from 1911 to 1927. After playing in senior hockey in the Alberta-based Big-4 League, the Eskimos joined the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) for the inaugural 1921–22 WCHL season, and played for the Stanley Cup against the Ottawa Senators in the 1923 Stanley Cup Finals, as the WCHL Champions. Team alumni include Hockey Hall of Fame members Eddie Shore, Duke Keats and Bullet Joe Simpson.

While the Edmonton Eskimos disbanded after the 1926–27 season, the name was adopted by a new team in 1932–33, playing for four years before it disbanded. The name was adopted by another new team for a single 1938–39 season.
American Colony, Jerusalem
The American religious foundation and philanthropy that informally became known as the American Colony of Jerusalem, was established in the Ottoman Empire in 1881 as a "Christian utopian society" led by American religious leader Horatio Gates Spafford and his Norwegian wife Anne Tobine Larsen Øglende.  Largely concerned with providing social services, education, meeting spaces, and medical care, it became known for producing and publishing an important documentation, photographic series of the area of Jerusalem starting in the early 1900s. The community lasted until the 1950s.

The colony is known today mainly for the American Colony Hotel that exists in the place where the colony was located.

Horatio Spafford
Horatio Gates Spafford (October 20, 1828, Troy, New York – September 25, 1888, Jerusalem) was an American lawyer and Presbyterian church elder. He is best known for penning the Christian hymn "It Is Well With My Soul" following the Great Chicago Fire (1871), and the deaths of his four daughters on a transatlantic voyage aboard the S.S. Ville du Havre.
Juice Robinson
Joseph Ryan Robinson (born April 10, 1989), better known by his ring name Juice Robinson, is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is a member of the Bang Bang Gang stable. He also wrestles in New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW).

From 2011 through 2015, he worked for WWE, where he wrestled in their developmental territories Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) and later NXT under the ring name CJ Parker. He won the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship twice, with Jason Jordan  and Donny Marlow respectively.

After departing WWE, Robinson started his NJPW career as young lion before becoming a full-time roster member. Since then, he has become a record three-time IWGP United States Heavyweight Champion and a one-time IWGP Tag Team Champion (with David Finlay). He was also the winner of the 2019 World Tag League with Finlay.

Bang Bang Gang
The Bang Bang Gang, formerly known as Bullet Club Gold, is a professional wrestling stable in All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and Ring of Honor (ROH).  The stable consists of leader Jay White, Juice Robinson, The Gunns (Austin Gunn and Colten Gunn), and Ace Austin.
May Bumps 2011
The May Bumps 2011 were a set of rowing races held in Cambridge, UK with crews from the boat clubs of all Cambridge University Colleges, the University Medical and Veterinary Schools and Anglia Ruskin University from Wednesday 15 June 2011 to Saturday 18 June 2011. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 120th set of races in the series of May Bumps which have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887. In 2011, 172 crews took part (103 men's crews and 69 women's crews), with nearly 1550 participants in total.

May Bumps
The May Bumps (also May Races, Mays) are a set of rowing races, held annually on the River Cam in Cambridge, England. They began in 1887 after separating from the Lent Bumps, the equivalent bumping races held at the end of February or start of March. Prior to the separation there had been a single set of annual bumps dating from its inception in 1827. The races are open to all college boat clubs from the University of Cambridge, the University Medical and Veterinary Schools and the Anglia Ruskin Boat Club. The May Bumps takes place over four days (Wednesday to Saturday) in mid-June and is run as a bumps race.
Sasa Klaas
Sarona Motlhagodi (17 May 1993 – 5 March 2021), known professionally as Sasa Klaas, was a Botswana singer, rapper, songwriter and television presenter. She was born on 17 May 1993  in Botswana and raised by her single mother Anna Mokgethi, a Motswana politician. She was an all-round musician and considered Botswana's  "First Lady of Hip-Hop". She made her debut with her hit single Mma Mongwato. She was in a relationship with Bakang Baxon Moitoi.

Anna Mokgethi
Anna Maria Mokgethi is a Motswana politician who served as the Minister of Nationality, Immigration and Gender Affairs from November 2019 to November 2024. She was the Member of Parliament for Gaborone Bonnington North constituency from 2019–2024. Mokgethi is a member of the Botswana Democratic Party.
Hayden, Colorado
The Town of Hayden is a home rule municipality located in Routt County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,941 at the 2020 United States census. Hayden is a part of the Steamboat Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town sits along U.S. Highway 40 in the Yampa River Valley between Craig and  Steamboat Springs. Hayden is located near the Yampa Valley Regional Airport, by which Hayden is one of the smallest communities in the U.S. to have mainline passenger jet service provided by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Southwest Airlines, Alaska Airlines, JetBlue and United Airlines on a scheduled basis (some of these airlines fly there only seasonally).

Routt County, Colorado
Routt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,829. The county seat is Steamboat Springs. Routt County is included in the Steamboat Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes neighboring Moffat County.
European Gliding Championships
The European Gliding Championships is a gliding competition held every two years.

Gliding is a competitive sport and was even a demonstration sport at the 1936 Summer Olympics. It was due to become an official Olympic sport in the Helsinki Games in 1940.  However, since the war, gliding has not featured in the Olympics. For gliding, international competition has been provided by the World Gliding Championships since 1938 and also by the European Gliding Championships since 1982.

The increased number of classes of glider means that it is no longer possible for all the classes to compete at the same location. The European Glider Aerobatic Championships were added in 1992. They are also held every two years.

Glider competition classes
Competition classes in gliding, as in other sports, mainly exist to ensure fairness in competition.  However the classes have not been targeted at fostering technological development as in other sports.  Instead classes have arisen because of:

the popularity of certain types of glider

attempts to contain the cost of access to the sport

the need to establish a stable environment for investment decisions by both manufacturers and competitors.

The FAI Gliding Commission (IGC) is the sporting body overseeing air sports at the international level so that essentially the same classes and class definitions are followed in all countries.
Solar zenith angle
The solar zenith angle is the zenith angle of the Sun, i.e., the angle between the sun’s rays and the vertical direction. It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the Sun’s rays and a horizontal plane. At solar noon, the zenith angle is at a minimum and is equal to the absolute value of latitude minus solar declination angle. This is the basis by which ancient mariners navigated the oceans.

Solar zenith angle is normally used in combination with the solar azimuth angle to determine the position of the Sun as observed from a given location on the surface of the Earth.

Noon
Noon (also known as noontime or midday) is 12 o'clock in the daytime.

Solar noon is the time when the Sun appears to contact the local celestial meridian. This is when the Sun reaches its apparent highest point in the sky, at 12 noon apparent solar time and can be observed using a sundial. The local or clock time of solar noon depends on the date, longitude, and time zone, with Daylight Saving Time tending to place solar noon closer to 1:00pm.
Judy Chin
Judy Chin is an Academy Award-winning American makeup artist, having won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling for The Whale in 2023 (sharing the award with Adrien Morot and Annemarie Bradley). With this win, she became the first woman of Asian descent to win the Academy Award in that category.

She worked for the New York City Opera for four years, where she learned to use pancake makeup.

Adrien Morot
Adrien Francis Morot (born 1970 in Montreal) is a Canadian makeup artist. In 2023 he won the Best Makeup and Hairstyling Oscar for The Whale (sharing the award with Judy Chin and Annemarie Bradley), having earlier received an additional nomination in the same category for the film Barney's Version, and he has won the Genie Award for Best Makeup twice for his work on Barney's Version and Cruising Bar 2.
Golden Cape Fruits v Fotoplate
Golden Cape Fruits (Pty) Ltd v Fotoplate (Pty) Ltd is an important case in South African contract law, heard in the Cape Provincial Division by Diemont J and Corbett J on 13 February 1973, with judgment handed down on 8 March.

South African contract law
South African contract law is a modernised form of Roman-Dutch law rooted in canon and Roman legal traditions. It governs agreements between two or more parties who intend to create legally enforceable obligations. This legal framework supports private enterprise in South Africa by ensuring agreements are upheld and, if necessary, enforced, while promoting fair dealing. Influenced by English law and shaped by the Constitution of South Africa, contract law balances freedom of contract with public policy considerations, such as fairness and constitutional values.
Donna Ball
Donna Ball (born 1951 in North Georgia, US) is an American writer of over 90 novels, mainly romantic novels since 1982, writing under her own name and with pen names Rebecca Flanders, Donna Carlisle and Donna Boyd. She also signed novels with Shannon Harper as Leigh Bristol and Taylor Brady.

Shannon Harper
Shannon Harper was a popular United States co-writer of romantic novels. During years she collaborated with Madeline Porter by mail, fax machines and their computers, using pen names Elizabeth Habersham, Anna James and Madeline Harper. She also co-wrote books with Donna Ball as Leigh Bristol and Taylor Brady. She lives in Winter Haven, Florida, US.
The Lost Boy (memoir)
The Lost Boy (1997) is the second installment of a trilogy of books about the life of David Pelzer, who as a young boy was physically, emotionally, mentally, and psychologically abused by his mother and alcoholic father. A sequel to the Pulitzer Prize-nominated A Child Called It, in 2002 The New York Times Magazine reported that The Lost Boy had spent 160 weeks on its bestseller list for non-fiction paperbacks.

The book discusses Pelzer's defiant, rebellious behavior as he struggles to adapt to foster care, living in five different foster homes and in juvenile detention. It also talks about the kindness of his foster parents and other people around him, as well as his inability to brush his mother aside.

The Lost Boy is included as the second book in Dave Pelzer's compilation My Story.

Dave Pelzer
David James Pelzer (born December 29, 1960) is an American author of several autobiographical and self-help books. His 1995 memoir of childhood abuse, A Child Called "It": One Child's Courage to Survive, was listed on The New York Times Best Seller list for several years, and in 5 years had sold at least 1.6 million copies. The book brought Pelzer fame, and has also been a source of controversy: family members and journalists have accused Pelzer of fabricating several events in the book.
Peter O'Neill
Peter Charles Paire O'Neill (born 13 February 1965) is a Papua New Guinean politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 2011 to 2019. He has been a Member of Parliament for Ialibu-Pangia since 2002. He was a former cabinet minister and the leader of the People's National Congress between 2006 and 2022. He resigned his position as prime minister to avoid a vote of no confidence, and he was succeeded by James Marape.

People's National Congress (Papua New Guinea)
The People's National Congress is a political party in Papua New Guinea. Its former leader Bill Skate served as prime minister from 1997 to 1999 and as speaker of Parliament from 2002 to 2004. Skate died in 2006 and the party was led by Peter O'Neill until 2022. PNC originated from the National Capital District where former leader (late Bill Skate) was the Governor of NCD and the Parliamentary Member. The party had 16 members in the 113-seat National Parliament of Papua New Guinea as of December 2022.
Johann Jakob Bachofen
Johann Jakob Bachofen (22 December 1815 – 25 November 1887) was a Swiss antiquarian, jurist, philologist, anthropologist, and professor of Roman law at the University of Basel from 1841 to 1844.

Bachofen is most often connected with his theories surrounding prehistoric matriarchy, or Das Mutterrecht, the title of his seminal 1861 book Mother Right: an investigation of the religious and juridical character of matriarchy in the Ancient World. Bachofen assembled documentation demonstrating that motherhood is the source of human society, religion, morality, and decorum. He postulated an archaic "mother-right" within the context of a primeval Matriarchal religion or Urreligion.

Bachofen became an important precursor of 20th-century theories of matriarchy, such as the Old European culture postulated by Marija Gimbutas from the 1950s, and the field of feminist theology and "matriarchal studies" in 1970s feminism.

Matriarchal religion
A matriarchal religion is a religion that emphasizes a goddess or multiple goddesses as central figures of worship and spiritual authority. The term is most often used to refer to theories of prehistoric matriarchal religions that were proposed by scholars such as Johann Jakob Bachofen, Jane Ellen Harrison, and Marija Gimbutas, and later popularized by second-wave feminism. These scholars speculated that early human societies may have been organized around female deities and matrilineal social structures. In the 20th century, a movement to revive these practices resulted in the Goddess movement.
Interstate 64 in Virginia
Interstate 64 (I-64) in the US state of Virginia runs east–west through the middle of the state from West Virginia to the Hampton Roads region, for a total of 299 miles (481 km). From the West Virginia state line to Chesapeake, it passes through the major cities of Lexington, Staunton, Charlottesville, the state capital of Richmond, Newport News, Hampton, and Norfolk. It is notable for crossing the mouth of the harbor of Hampton Roads on the Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel (HRBT), the first bridge–tunnel to incorporate artificial islands, concurrent with U.S. Route 60 (US 60). Also noteworthy is a section through Rockfish Gap, a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which was equipped with an innovative system of airport-style runway lighting embedded into the pavement to aid motorists during periods of poor visibility due to fog or other conditions.

Virginia State Route 199
State Route 199 (SR 199) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known for most of its length as Humelsine Parkway, the state highway runs 14.13 miles (22.74 km) from Interstate 64 (I-64) and SR 646 in Lightfoot to SR 641 near Williamsburg.  VA 199 forms a western loop of Williamsburg in York and James City Counties.  The state highway, which is entirely a four-lane limited-access highway with a mix of intersections and interchanges, provides access from I-64 to several highways that serve attractions around Williamsburg, including U.S. Route 60 (US 60) and Colonial Parkway, an automobile parkway that leads to Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and Yorktown.  VA 199 between its junctions with I-64 is named for Carlisle H. Humelsine, a former curator and president of Colonial Williamsburg, in 2004.
VT100
The VT100 is a video terminal, introduced in August 1978 by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It was one of the first terminals to support ANSI escape codes for cursor control and other tasks, and added a number of extended codes for special features like controlling the status lights on the keyboard. This led to rapid uptake of the ANSI standard, which became the de facto standard for hardware video terminals and later terminal emulators.

The VT100 series, especially the VT102, was extremely successful in the market, and made DEC the leading terminal vendor at the time. The VT100 series was replaced by the VT200 series starting in 1983, which proved equally successful. Ultimately, over six million terminals in the VT series were sold, based largely on the success of the VT100.

ANSI escape code
ANSI escape sequences are a standard for in-band signaling to control cursor location, color, font styling, and other options on video text terminals and terminal emulators. Certain sequences of bytes, most starting with an ASCII escape character and a bracket character, are embedded into text.  The terminal interprets these sequences as commands, rather than text to display verbatim.

ANSI sequences were introduced in the 1970s to replace vendor-specific sequences and became widespread in the computer equipment market by the early 1980s. Although hardware text terminals have become increasingly rare in the 21st century, the relevance of the ANSI standard persists because a great majority of terminal emulators and command consoles interpret at least a portion of the ANSI standard.
Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions
The Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions, stylized as Uni-President 7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn Lions, also known as Uni-Lions (Chinese: 統一7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn獅), are a professional baseball team playing in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). The Lions are based in Tainan City, Taiwan and homefielded primarily at Tainan Municipal Baseball Stadium.

The organization is owned by Uni-President Corporation, one of Taiwan's largest conglomerates, whose subsidiary Uni-President Baseball Team Company oversees operations of the team. The Lions are the only CPBL team owned by the same parent company and played continuously since CPBL's founding season in 1990.

CTBC Brothers
The CTBC Brothers (Chinese: 中信兄弟) or simply Brothers are a professional baseball team in Taiwan. The team was originally established as an amateur team in 1984 by the Brother Hotel located in Taipei City, and later joined the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in 1989. Brother Hotel's chairman Hung Teng-sheng also acted as CPBL's secretary-general from 1987 to 1991. The Brothers are currently owned by CTBC Holding.

With its long history from the amateur era plus a successful marketing strategy and management, the team has long been one of the most popular Taiwanese baseball teams, winning the CPBL championship on ten occasions.

The team has always worn yellow uniforms. Its current home is in Taichung, with the home field at the Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium.
Patch Adams (film)
Patch Adams is a 1998 American comedy-drama film directed by Tom Shadyac, written by Steve Oedekerk, and starring Robin Williams in the title role, Monica Potter, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Bob Gunton, Daniel London and Peter Coyote. Set in the late 1960s and early 1970s, it is loosely based on the life story of medical doctor Hunter "Patch" Adams and the book Gesundheit: Good Health Is a Laughing Matter by Adams and Maureen Mylander.

Patch Adams was released by Universal Pictures on December 25, 1998. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, with criticism for the sentimentality and direction. However, it was a box-office success, grossing $202.3 million against a $50–90 million budget.

Patch Adams
Hunter Doherty "Patch" Adams (born May 28, 1945) is an American physician, comedian, social activist, clown, and author. He founded the Gesundheit! Institute as a not-for-profit in 1989. Each year he also organizes volunteers from around the world to travel to various countries where they dress as clowns to bring humor to orphans, patients, and other people.

Adams is currently based in Urbana, Illinois. In collaboration with the institute, he promotes an alternative health care model not funded by insurance policies.
Anarawd ap Rhodri
Anarawd ap Rhodri (d. 916) was King of Gwynedd from 878 to 916. He faced challenges from the kingdom of Mercia and Viking raiders during a period of uncertainty for his realm. Nonetheless, he managed to secure his dynasty's future through his actions and leadership in this tumultuous era.

Cadell ap Rhodri
Cadell ap Rhodri (854–909) was King of Seisyllwg, a minor kingdom in southwestern Wales, from about 872 until his death. The son of Rhodri Mawr, King of Gwynedd, Cadell was in turn the father of Hywel Dda, who eventually came to rule most of Wales and caused Welsh laws to be codified. Cadell is considered the founder of the Welsh royal House of Dinefwr.
Vanilla Air
Vanilla Air  was a low-cost airline in Japan wholly owned by All Nippon Airways. Its head office was within Terminal 2 of Narita International Airport in Narita, Chiba Prefecture. The airline ceased operations in October 2019 on its merger with Peach Aviation.

All Nippon Airways
All Nippon Airways (ANA) is a Japanese airline headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. ANA operates services to both domestic and international destinations and is Japan's largest airline, ahead of its main rival Japan Airlines. As of March 2024, the airline has approximately 12,800 employees. The airline joined as a Star Alliance member in October 1999.

In addition to its mainline operations, ANA controls several subsidiary passenger carriers, such as its regional airline ANA Wings, Air Nippon, Air Do (a low-cost carrier operating scheduled service between Tokyo and cities in Hokkaido), Air Japan and Allex Cargo (ANA Cargo – the freighter division operated by Air Japan). Peach Aviation, a low-cost carrier based in Japan, is fully owned by ANA.
Kunashir
Kunashir (Russian: Кунаши́р, romanized: Kunashír) or Kunashiri (Japanese: 国後島, Hepburn: Kunashiri-tō) is the southernmost island of the Kuril Islands. The island has been under Russian administration since the end of World War II, when Soviet forces took possession of the Kurils. It is claimed by Japan as part of its "Northern Territories".

Urup
Urup (Russian: Уру́п, romanized: Urúp, Japanese: 得撫島, romanized: Uruppu-tō, Ainu: ウルㇷ゚, romanized: Urup) is a volcanic island in the Kuril Islands chain in the south of the Sea of Okhotsk, northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language word urup, meaning "sockeye salmon". Historically, the island was populated and a Japanese garrison was present in the Second World War and then a Russian garrison. Today, the island is uninhabited although there are former mining operations on the island where temporary workers have resided.