hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Kariba
Lake Kariba is the world's largest artificial lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) upstream from the mouth of the Zambezi river on the Indian Ocean, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963 following the completion of the Kariba Dam at its northeastern end, flooding the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River.

The Zimbabwean town of Kariba was built for construction workers on the lake's dam, while some other settlements such as Binga village and Mlibizi in Zimbabwe and Siavonga and Sinazongwe in Zambia have expanded to house people displaced by the damming of the river.

Kariba, Zimbabwe
Kariba is a resort town in Mashonaland West province, Zimbabwe, located close to the Kariba Dam at the north-eastern end of Lake Kariba, near the Zambian border. According to the 2022 Population Census, the town had a population of 27,600.

Located in the Zambezi Valley, Kariba is well known for its balmy climate and proximity to Lake Kariba, that draws in thousands of tourists all year round.
Odeon of Lyon
The Odeon of Lyon (French: Odéon antique de Lyon) is a small ancient Roman theatre (an odeon) near the summit of the Fourvière hill in Lyon, France. It forms a pair with the Ancient Theatre of Fourvière, one of only two such pairs in Gaul (the other is in Vienne). Along with other buildings in Lyon, it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998, protecting Lyon's long history as a powerful city and its unique architecture.

Ancient Theatre of Fourvière
The Ancient Theatre of Fourvière (French: Théâtre antique de Lyon) is a Roman theatre in Lyon, France. It was built on the hill of Fourvière, which is situated in the center of the Roman city. The theatre is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site that protects the historic center of Lyon.
M. P. Ranjan
Mundon Pandan Ranjan (1950 – 9 August 2015) was an Indian designer and educator. He was a polymath, exploring various genres and methodologies in the field design innovation and education. Ranjan is known for his book Handmade in India: A Geographic Encyclopedia of Indian Handicrafts based on Indian arts and crafts that he edited along with his partner and fellow design pedagogue Aditi Ranjan. He worked at National Institute of Design, CEPT University and Ahmedabad University.

Aditi Ranjan
Aditi Ranjan (née Shirali; born 25 February 1952) is an Indian textile designer, educator and researcher involved in the field of Indian crafts. She taught textile design at the National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad from 1974 to 2012. Ranjan is known for her book Handmade in India: A Geographic Encyclopedia of Indian Handicrafts based on Indian arts & crafts that she edited along with her partner and fellow design pedagogue, M. P. Ranjan.
Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.

Double First-Class Construction
The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction (世界一流大学和一流学科建设), together known as Double First-Class Initiative (双一流建设), is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated in 2015. The Universities included in the Double First Class Initiative are recognized as "Double First-Class Universities". There are 147 universities and colleges selected to be part of the program.

The program was announced under the Xi Jinping administration in 2015 to replace the original higher education development programs Project 211 and Project 985.
Inari, Finland
Inari (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈinɑri]; Inari Sami: Aanaar; Inari Sami pronunciation: [ˈɑːnɑːr]; Skolt Sami: Aanar Skolt Sami pronunciation: [ˈɑːnɑr]Northern Sami: Anár Northern Sami pronunciation: [ˈɑnar]; Norwegian and Swedish: Enare; Russian: Инари) is Finland's largest municipality by area (but one of the most sparsely populated), with four official languages, more than any other in the country. Its major sources of income are tourism, service industry, and cold climate testing. With the Siida museum in the village of Inari, it is a center of Sámi culture, widely known as the "capital of Sámi culture".

The airport in Ivalo and the country's key north-south European Route E75 (Finland's National Road 4) bring summer and winter vacationers seeking resorts with access to a well-preserved, uncrowded natural environment.

Ivalo Airport
Ivalo Airport (IATA: IVL, ICAO: EFIV) (Finnish: Ivalon lentoasema, Northern Sami: Avvila girdingieddi, Inari Sami: Avveel kirdemkieddi, Skolt Sami: Âʹvvel ǩeʹrddemǩedd, Swedish: Ivalo flygplats) is an airport in Inari, Finland. It is located in the village of Törmänen, 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest from Ivalo, the municipal centre of Inari, and 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Saariselkä. It is the northernmost airport in Finland and in the European Union. The airport has one 2,499-meter-long runway, which is equipped with an instrument landing system.
Cuttitta Cup
The Cuttitta Cup is a trophy in rugby union awarded to the winner of the annual Six Nations Championship match between Italy and Scotland.

The trophy commemorates Massimo Cuttitta, a former Italian captain and Scotland scrum coach, who died of COVID-19 in 2021 at the age of 54. The title was first contested in 2022, following the 2022 Six Nations Championship match between the competing nations, and was presented by his brothers Marcello and Michele Cuttitta.

It was designed and manufactured from solid silver by Edinburgh jewellers Hamilton & Inches, who have also cared for the Calcutta Cup and crafted the Doddie Weir Cup. The handles of the cup represent two props, in memory of Massimo.

The establishment of this trophy results in Scotland competing for a trophy in every Six Nations match: Calcutta Cup (v England), Centenary Quaich (v Ireland), Auld Alliance Trophy (v France), Doddie Weir Cup (v Wales) and Cuttitta Cup (v Italy).

Calcutta Cup
The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the rugby match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the Bledisloe Cup (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), Centenary Quaich (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the Cuttitta Cup (Italy–Scotland).
South Dakota v. Dole
South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court considered the limitations that the Constitution places on the authority of the United States Congress to influence state lawmaking. The Court upheld the constitutionality of a federal statute that withheld federal funds from states whose legal drinking age did not conform to federal policy. The dissent argued that the minimum drinking age condition for states to receive federal highway funds was not sufficiently related to Congress's interests in expending the funds and consequently exceeded the federal government's Article 1, Section 8 spending power.

Taxing and Spending Clause
The Taxing and Spending Clause (which contains provisions known as the General Welfare Clause and the Uniformity Clause), Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution, grants the federal government of the United States its power of taxation.  While authorizing Congress to levy taxes, this clause permits the levying of taxes for two purposes only: to pay the debts of the United States, and to provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. Taken together, these purposes have traditionally been held to imply and to constitute the federal government's taxing and spending power.
Murdoch Cameron
Murdoch Cameron (31 March 1847 – 28 April 1930) was Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Glasgow from 1894 to 1926. He was a pioneer of the Caesarean section under modern antiseptic conditions, becoming world famous after the success of his first such operation in 1888, at what was then the Glasgow Lying-in Hospital and Dispensary, now the Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, an institution he was deeply involved with. He was honorary President of the first international Congress on Obstetrics and Gynaecology, in 1892. His son Samuel James Cameron followed in his footsteps, becoming Reguis Professor of Midwifery at Glasgow in the 1930s.

Samuel James Cameron
Samuel James Cameron (7 January 1878 – 29 October 1959) was Regius Professor of Midwifery at the University of Glasgow from 1934 until 1942. The son of Caesarean Section pioneer Prof Murdoch Cameron, S.J. Cameron was a foundation Fellow of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1929, and for many years a member of the Gynaecological Visiting Society. A lifelong champion of the reputation of the founder of professional midwifery in the British isles, William Smellie, Cameron both named a maternity hospital at Lanark, Scotland, after him and saved Smellie's library from permanent loss.
Tucson Raiders
Tucson Raiders is a 1944 American Western film directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet and starring Wild Bill Elliott in the role of Red Ryder. It was the first of twenty-three Red Ryder feature films that would be produced by Republic Pictures. The picture was shot on the studio’s back lot along with outdoor locations at Iverson Ranch, 1 Iverson Lane, Chatsworth, Los Angeles.

Red Ryder
Red Ryder is a Western comic strip created by Stephen Slesinger and artist Fred Harman which served as the basis for a wide array of character merchandising. Syndicated by Newspaper Enterprise Association, the strip ran from Sunday, November 6, 1938, through 1965.
Gayrussia.ru
Gayrussia.ru is an LGBT rights organization based in Moscow, Russia. It has organised numerous public actions in Russia, the most famous being Moscow Pride and Slavic Pride. It also sponsored the documentary Moscow Pride '06. In November 2008, Project GayRussia.Ru extended its advocacy work into Belarus where it launched the Slavic Gay Pride movement with its local partner Gaybelarus.by.

Its website www.gayrussia.ru features Russian LGBT news in English and World LGBT news in Russian. It is also used to advertise the organization's campaigns and advocacy work. The website www.gayrussia.ru is frequently read by those seeking news about LGBT rights issues in Russia. As of June 2025, the website appears to be unreachable.

GayRussia.Ru tracked and revealed the homophobia of various Russian politicians and public figures, including the mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov.
The page also gives practical advice for visiting Russia.

Moscow Pride
Moscow Pride (Russian: Московский Гей-Прайд, romanized: Moskovskiy Gey-Prayd, lit. 'Moscow Gay Pride') was a demonstration of LGBTQ people in Russia. It was intended to take place in May annually since 2006 in the Russian capital Moscow, but has been regularly banned by the Government of Moscow, headed by Mayor Yury Luzhkov until 2010. The demonstrations in 2006, 2007, and 2008 were all accompanied by homophobic attacks, which was avoided in 2009 by moving the site of the demonstration at the last minute. The organizers of all of the demonstrations were Alexey Davydov, Nikolai Alekseev and Gayrussia.ru.

In June 2012, Moscow courts enacted a hundred-year ban on gay pride parades. The European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly ruled that such bans violate freedom of assembly guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights.
BSAT-2c
BSAT-2c, was a geostationary communications satellite operated by B-SAT and was designed and manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation on the STAR-1 platform. It was stationed on the 110° East orbital slot along its companion BSAT-2a from where they provided redundant high definition direct television broadcasting across Japan.

The original companion for BSAT-2a was BSAT-2b, but a launch failure during its launch during July 2001, meant that it was not possible to commission it into service. Thus, during October of the same year BSAT-2c was ordered and launched in June 2003. It was retired in August 2013.

BSAT-2a
BSAT-2a, was a geostationary communications satellite operated by B-SAT which was designed and manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation on the STAR-1 platform. It was stationed on the 110° East orbital slot along its companion BSAT-2c from where they provided redundant high definition direct television broadcasting across Japan.
Karen McNamara
Karen Jane McNamara (born 23 April 1964) is an Australian politician. She was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from 2013 to 2016, representing the New South Wales electorate of Dobell. She lost her seat at the 2016 election losing to Labor candidate Emma McBride

Emma McBride
Emma Margaret McBride (born 27 April 1975) is an Australian politician. She was elected as the member for Dobell in the Australian House of Representatives in the 2016 election after having been an unsuccessful candidate for the same seat in the 2013 election.
Red Square
Red Square (Russian: Красная площадь, romanized: Krasnaya ploshchad', IPA: [ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːɪtʲ]) is one of the oldest and largest squares in Moscow, Russia. It is located in Moscow's historic centre, along the eastern walls of the Kremlin. It is the city's most prominent landmark, with famous buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral, Lenin's Mausoleum, the State Historical Museum and the GUM department store. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990. Red Square has been the scene of executions, demonstrations, riots, parades, and speeches. Almost 73,000 square metres (800,000 square feet), it lies directly east of the Kremlin and north of the Moskva River. A moat that separated the square from the Kremlin was paved over in 1812.

State Historical Museum
The State Historical Museum (Russian: Государственный исторический музей, ГИМ, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey, GIM) of Russia is a museum of Russian history located between Red Square and Manege Square in Moscow. The museum's exhibitions range from relics of prehistoric tribes that lived in the territory of present-day Russia, to priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty. The total number of objects in the museum's collection numbers in the millions.
Noggin (protein)
Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. In humans, noggin is encoded by the NOG gene. The amino acid sequence of human noggin is highly homologous to that of rat, mouse, and Xenopus (an aquatic frog genus).

Noggin is an inhibitor of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs): it inhibits at least BMP2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, and 14.

The protein's name, which is a slang English-language word for "head", was coined in reference to its ability to produce embryos with large heads when exposed at high concentrations.

Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by BMP4 gene. BMP4 is found on chromosome 14q22-q23.

BMP4 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. BMP4 is highly conserved evolutionarily. BMP4 is found in early embryonic development in the ventral marginal zone and in the eye, heart blood and otic vesicle.
Lotion
Lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation, typically an emulsion of oil and water, intended for application to unbroken skin for moisturizing, protective, cosmetic, or medicinal purposes. By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity, typically due to lower water content.  Lotions are applied to external skin with bare hands, a brush, a clean cloth, or cotton wool.

While a lotion may be used as a medicine delivery system, many lotions, especially hand lotions and body lotions and lotion for allergies are meant instead to simply smooth, moisturize, soften and sometimes, perfume the skin.

Moisturizer
A moisturizer, or emollient, is a cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin. These functions are normally performed by sebum produced by healthy skin. The word "emollient" is derived from the Latin verb mollire, to soften.
Guadalupe Mountains
The Guadalupe Mountains (Spanish: Sierra de Guadalupe) are a mountain range located in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico. The range includes the highest summit in Texas, Guadalupe Peak, 8,751 ft (2,667 m), and the "signature peak" of West Texas, El Capitan, both of which are located within Guadalupe Mountains National Park. The Guadalupe Mountains are bordered by the Pecos River valley and Llano Estacado to the east and north, Delaware Mountains to the south, and Sacramento Mountains to the west. One of the clearest exposures of a prehistoric reef is preserved in the mountain range's bedrock geology. Bedrock contains fossils of reef-dwelling organisms from the Permian period, and the geology is widely studied, mostly by stratigraphers, paleontologists, and Paleoecologists (see geology section).

Delaware Mountains
The Delaware Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Texas, spanning part of Culberson County. The highest point in the range is the Delaware Benchmark at an elevation of 5,888 feet (1,795 m) above sea level. The range extends south-southeast from Guadalupe Pass at the southern extent of the Guadalupe Mountains and Guadalupe Mountains National Park. The range is formed by horizontal layers of limestone, sandstone, and shale that were deposited 250 million years ago during the Permian that now encompass the Delaware Mountain Formation. The range is named for the Lenape, who are also known as the Delaware Indians. The Delaware Mountain Wind Energy Center is a 28.5 megawatt wind farm that was constructed on the northern portion of the range in 1999 and is operated by NextEra Energy Resources.
Lingen transmitter
The Lingen transmitting station is an FM radio, digital radio (DAB+) and digital television (DVB-T2) transmission facility owned by Norddeutscher Rundfunk and sited near the town of Lingen in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Its antenna is a 227 metre-high guyed grounded tubular-steel mast with a cage aerial for medium-wave broadcasting which was built in 1962.

Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈnɔʁtˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "North German Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to NDR (pronounced [ˌɛndeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. NDR is a member of ARD, the joint organisation of German public broadcasters.
Teimuraz I of Kakheti
Teimuraz I (Georgian: თეიმურაზ I; 1589–1663), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a Georgian monarch (mepe) who ruled, with intermissions, as King of Kakheti from 1605 to 1648 and also of Kartli from 1629 to 1633. The eldest son of David I and Ketevan, Teimuraz spent most of his childhood at the court of Shah of Iran, where he came to be known as Tahmuras Khan. He was made king of Kakheti following a revolt against his reigning uncle, Constantine I, in 1605. From 1614 on, he waged a five-decade long struggle against the Safavid Iranian domination of Georgia in the course of which he lost several members of his family and ended his life as the Shah's prisoner at Astarabad at the age of 74.

A versatile poet and admirer of Persian poetry, Teimuraz translated into Georgian several Persian love-stories and transformed the personal experiences of his long and difficult reign into a series of original poems influenced by the contemporary Persian tradition.

Constantine I of Kakheti
Constantine I (Georgian: კონსტანტინე I), also known as Constantine Khan (Persian: کنستانتین خان; კონსტანტინე ხანი), Constantin(e) Mirza, or Konstandil / Kustandil Mirza (1567 or 1572 – 22 October 1605), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from March to October 1605.
Isola 2000
Isola 2000 is a ski resort in the southern French Alps. It is located on the territory of the commune of Isola, Alpes-Maritimes. It is one of the Stations du Mercantour, along with Auron and St. Dalmas, and is operated by the council of the Alpes-Maritimes. It is located next to the Mercantour National Park, and is about 90 km from Nice, France.

Auron (ski resort)
Auron is a ski resort in the department of Alpes-Maritimes and the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in France. The resort has 135 kilometres (84 mi) of ski runs, at an elevation of between 1,600 and 2,450 m (5,250 and 8,040 ft) in the French Alps. It is located above the Tinée Valley near the town of Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée. It is situated 95 kilometres (59 mi) north of Nice. The resort is part of the Stations du Mercantour group, along with Isola 2000 and St. Dalmas.
Mick Fuller
Michael John Fuller AO APM (born 1967/1968) is a retired police officer who served as the 22nd Commissioner of the New South Wales Police Force. He replaced Andrew Scipione on 31 March 2017, when Scipione retired. In July 2021, Fuller announced that he would be leaving the New South Wales Police Force in April 2022 to work in the private sector. Deputy commissioner Karen Webb was his replacement, effective 1 February 2022.

Karen Webb
Karen Leanne Webb, APM (née Keefe; born 25 December 1969) is an Australian former police officer, who replaced Mick Fuller as the Commissioner of the New South Wales Police Force in February 2022. Webb was the first woman appointed to this office. She left the position on 6 June 2025.
.NET Persistence API
The .NET Persistence API, also referred to as NPA, is a persistence and object–relational mapping (ORM) specification for the .NET framework.

NPA is based on the Java Persistence API (JPA), which is the standard persistence API in the Java world. NPA follows JPA by providing a complete persistence API and a rich set of ORM features.

Jakarta Persistence
Jakarta Persistence, also known as JPA (abbreviated from the former name Java Persistence API) is a Jakarta EE application programming interface specification that describes the management of relational data in enterprise Java applications.

Persistence in this context covers three areas:

The API itself, defined in the jakarta.persistence package (javax.persistence for Jakarta EE 8 and below)

The Jakarta Persistence Query Language (JPQL; formerly Java Persistence Query Language)

Object/relational metadata
Musikladen
Musikladen (German: The Music Shop) is a West German music television programme that ran from 1972 to 1984. The show continued the 1960s Beat-Club under a new name, and in turn was replaced by Extratour.

Beat-Club
Beat-Club is a West German music programme that ran from September 1965 to December 1972. It was broadcast from Bremen, West Germany on Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen, the national public television channel of the ARD, and produced by one of its members, Radio Bremen, later co-produced by WDR following the 38th episode.