hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hematochezia
Hematochezia is a form of blood in stool, in which fresh blood passes through the anus while defecating. It differs from melena, which commonly refers to blood in stool originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The term derives from Greek αἷμα ("blood") and χέζειν ("to defaecate"). Hematochezia is commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but may also occur from a brisk upper gastrointestinal bleed. The difference between hematochezia and rectorrhagia is that rectal bleeding is not associated with defecation; instead, it is associated with expulsion of fresh bright red blood without stools. The phrase bright red blood per rectum is associated with hematochezia and rectorrhagia.

Melena
Melena is a form of blood in stool which refers to the dark black, tarry feces that are commonly associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The black color and characteristic strong odor are caused by hemoglobin in the blood being altered by digestive enzymes and intestinal bacteria.

Iron supplements may cause a grayish-black stool that should be distinguished from melena, as should black coloration caused by a number of medications, such as bismuth subsalicylate (the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol), or by foods such as beetroot, black liquorice, or blueberries.
German submarine U-333
German submarine U-333 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 11 March 1940 at the Nordseewerke yard at Emden, launched on 14 June 1941, and commissioned on 25 August 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Peter-Erich Cremer. After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, on 1 January 1942 U-333 was transferred to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla based at La Pallice for front-line service.

The U-boat made 12 combat patrols in the next three years, and sank seven merchant ships totalling 32,107 gross register tons (GRT), damaged another of 8,327 GRT, and also engaged and damaged the Flower-class corvette HMS Crocus. U-333 was sunk in the English Channel by British warships using a Squid on 31 July 1944.

U-333 bore the "three little fishes" emblem on its conning tower.

Squid (weapon)
Squid was a British World War II ship-mounted anti-submarine weapon. It consisted of a three-barrelled mortar which launched depth charges. It replaced the Hedgehog system, and was in turn replaced by the Limbo system.
Oriole (band)
Oriole are a London-based band fusing lyrical world music with jazz spontaneity, who create an aural form of Magical Realism. Oriole's members consist of many of the most well established figures in the new British Jazz scene and are perhaps one of the few groups to feature two Mercury nominated artists: Ben Davis on cello and Seb Rochford on drums. They have also released two albums on the F-IRE Collective label. The music of Oriole is composed by prolific guitarist Jonny Phillips (musician).

Jonny Phillips (musician)
Jonny Phillips (born 11 January 1971, in Kendal, Westmorland, England) is an English jazz guitarist and composer. He played the violin and studied theory from the age of five, however he swapped to guitar at fifteen to study jazz, Brazilian and African music. After his studies at Newcastle College of Music, Phillips moved to London where he set up his group Oriole, with whom he has released three albums on the F-IRE Collective label. Oriole is perhaps one of the few groups to feature two Mercury nominated artists: Ben Davis on cello and Seb Rochford on drums. Phillips is now based in South London after three and a half years living in Andalusia, Spain.
Alessia Dipol
Alessia Afi Dipol (born 1 August 1995) is an Italian-Togolese alpine skier who competed for Togo at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom. Dipol also originally competed for India between 2011 and 2013, but she later switched to compete for Togo even though she has no familial connections to the country, so she could qualify to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics. She also chose to represent the country because her father owns a clothing factory in Togo.

Togo at the 2014 Winter Olympics
The West African country of Togo competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics held in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. It was the nation's first appearance at the Winter Olympics. The Togolese delegation consisted of two women athletes in two sports: Alessia Afi Dipol in alpine skiing and Mathilde-Amivi Petitjean in cross-country skiing. Petitjean was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony, while Dipol was the flag bearer for the closing ceremony. Neither athlete was able to secure a medal in their Olympic debut.
Queen Mary's Grammar School
Queen Mary's Grammar School (QMGS) is a  boys' grammar school with academy status located on Sutton Road, Walsall, England, about a mile from the town centre and one of the oldest schools in the country. The sixth form is coeducational.

Walsall
Walsall (/ˈwɔːlsɔːl/, or /ˈwɒlsɔːl/; locally /ˈwɔːsʊl/) is a market town and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, part of The Black Country in the West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is located 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Birmingham, 7 miles (11 km) east of Wolverhampton and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Lichfield.

Walsall was transferred from Staffordshire to the newly created West Midlands county in 1974. At the 2011 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 67,594, with the wider borough having a population of 269,323. Neighbouring settlements in the borough include Darlaston, Brownhills, Pelsall, Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.
Jake La Furia
Francesco Vigorelli (born 25 February 1979), known professionally as Jake La Furia, is an Italian rapper. He is also a member of the hip hop group Club Dogo with fellow rapper Guè and producer Don Joe. He was also in "Sacre Scuole", a group formed by him, Guè, and Dargen D'Amico.

Club Dogo
Club Dogo is an Italian rap group from Milan that consists of Gué Pequeno, Jake La Furia and the beatmaker Don Joe.

The group grew out of the friendship between rappers Gué Pequeno (whose stage name was Lucky Luciano) and Dargen D'Amico in 1999. Originally the group's name was "Sacre Scuole" and its members were the two aforementioned rappers and Jake La Furia, whose stage name was originally Fame.
In 2001, after their first and only CD (3 MC's al Cubo), the group was disbanded due to quarrels between Jake and Dargen.

In 2005, Club Dogo formed the crew named Dogo Gang, including other MCs and DJs from Milan that gradually joined the collective.

Club Dogo stopped producing music together in 2014, although none of the three members ever stated the group was officially disbanded. Club Dogo announced their return on stage as a group through a video published on their social media on 20 October 2023. The video featured Milan's mayor Giuseppe Sala.
Darughachi
Darughachi (Mongol form) or Basqaq (Turkic form) were originally designated officials in the Mongol Empire who were in charge of taxes and administration in a certain province. The singular form of the Mongolian word is darugha. They were sometimes referred to as governors. The term corresponds to dārugheh (Persian: داروغه ) and basqaq or baskak in Turkic, dálǔhuāchì in Pinyin or ta lu hua ch'ih in Wade–Giles (Traditional Chinese characters: 達魯花赤; Simplified Chinese characters: 达鲁花赤) in Chinese.

Darugha
Darugha (Bashkir: даруга, Tatar: даруга, romanized: daruğa, from Mongol: daru-, 'to press, to seal') was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire. A darugha was ruled by a darughachi.

Later, the term was used for the province, particularly in Kazan and the Siberian Khanates in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was used in the Turkic-populated parts of the Russian Empire in the 16th to 18th centuries. In Safavid Iran, it was a title meaning prefect. One of the many Safavid darughas was Mirman Mirimanidze.

In 1762, the Bashkir people controlled the Kazan, Nogai, Osin and Siberian darughas.

In the Mughal Empire, a daroga was the title of a district police officer. This title was kept until the 20th century during the British Raj.
New London, New Hampshire
New London is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,400 at the 2020 census. The town is the home of Colby–Sawyer College, site of the Gordon Research Conferences since 1947.

The town center, where 1,266 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the New London census-designated place (CDP), and is located on a hilltop along New Hampshire Route 114 north of Route 11 and Interstate 89.

New Hampshire Route 11
New Hampshire Route 11 is a 108.223-mile-long (174.168 km) east–west state highway in New Hampshire, running completely across the central part of the state. Its western terminus is at the Vermont state line in Charlestown, where it continues west as Vermont Route 11. The eastern terminus is at the Maine state line in Rochester, where it crosses the border with U.S. Route 202 and continues as Maine State Route 11.

Its number is derived from its original 1925 designation as New England Interstate Route 11.

The highway follows a generally southwest to northeast alignment from the Vermont state line until reaching Lake Winnipesaukee, then turns southeast for the remainder of its routing to the Maine state line.

There are 3 auxiliary routes, labeled 11A through 11C, all located along the shores of Lake Winnipesaukee, and an additional former auxiliary route, 11D, which is still known by that name.
2024 in Misfits Boxing
2024 in Misfits Boxing is the third year in the history of Misfits Boxing, a crossover boxing promotion founded by English influencer KSI and run by Mams Taylor, Kalle Sauerland, and Nisse Sauerland. Misfits Boxing held 8 events in 2024.

Misfits Boxing
Misfits Boxing (MFB) or simply Misfits, is a sports promotion company based in London, England and is a division of Wasserman Boxing. English internet personality KSI founded the company in 2022 alongside Mams Taylor, Kalle Sauerland, and Nisse Sauerland.
Road Rock Vol. 1
Road Rock Vol. 1: Friends & Relatives is a live album released in 2000 by Canadian / American musician Neil Young. The "friends and relatives" include Ben Keith, Chrissie Hynde, Duck Dunn, Young's then wife, Pegi, and his sister, Astrid. The album features an unreleased song, "Fool for Your Love", which dates from Young's This Note's for You period, and a Bob Dylan cover, "All Along the Watchtower".

A companion DVD/VHS video called Red Rocks Live, Neil Young Friends & Relatives was also released to accompany the album, containing footage from Young's concerts at Red Rocks Amphitheater recorded on Sep 19 & 20, 2000.
Red Rocks Live was recorded by David Hewitt on Remote Recording Services' Silver Truck.

Astrid Young
Vendela Astrid Young (born August 16, 1962) is a Canadian musician, artist, author and sommelier. She is the daughter of journalist, sportswriter, and novelist Scott Young and his second wife Astrid Carlson, and the half-sister of fellow musician Neil Young.
Leash Law
Leash Law was an American power metal band formed by ex-members of various other groups. It was formed in 2003 by Wade Black, once a member of the band Seven Witches, Rick Renstrom, Emo Mowery, Stephen Elder, and Richard Christy, who was once a member of the influential bands Death and Iced Earth and has since become famous as the replacement of Stuttering John on The Howard Stern Show.  In 2004, Leash Law released their first and only album, Dogface.  The band disbanded in 2005.

Crimson Glory
Crimson Glory is an American heavy metal band that was formed in 1983 in Sarasota, Florida, USA. It started in 1979 under the name Pierced Arrow, then Beowulf, before settling on Crimson Glory. The classic line-up consisted of the vocalist Midnight, guitarists Jon Drenning and Ben Jackson, bass guitarist Jeff Lords and drummer Dana Burnell. With that lineup, the band rose to international fame in the mid-1980s and was considered one of the pioneers of the American progressive metal movement, along with Queensrÿche, Dream Theater, Fates Warning and Watchtower. During its career, the band released four studio albums and one EP.
Yangpu, Shanghai
Yangpu (Chinese: 杨浦区) is one of the 16 districts of Shanghai. It is located in the northeastern part of downtown Shanghai, bordering the Huangpu River on the east and south, Hongkou on the west, and Baoshan on the north. The southern part of Yangpu District is 4 km (2.5 mi) away from The Bund, a major tourist attraction. It is predominantly composed of residential communities, with a total area of 60.61 km2 (23.40 sq mi) and a population of 1,242,548 as of 2020. The district administers 12 subdistricts.

Hongkou, Shanghai
Hongkou (ⓘ; formerly spelled Hongkew) is a district of Shanghai, forming part of the northern urban core. It has a land area of 23.48 km2 (9.07 sq mi) and a population of 757,498 as of 2020. The district borders Yangpu to the east, Pudong to the southeast, Huangpu to the southwest, Jing'an to the west and Baoshan to the north.

It is the location of the Astor House Hotel, Broadway Mansions, Lu Xun Park, and Hongkou Football Stadium. It was once known as Shanghai's "Little Tokyo." Hongkou is home to the Shanghai International Studies University, the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and the 1933 Old Millfun.
Eric Gethyn-Jones
Canon John Eric Gethyn-Jones MBE FSA (9 October 1909 – 9 November 1995) was a clergyman and historian of Gloucestershire. He served in the Royal Army Chaplains' Department during the Second World War for which he was awarded the MBE in 1945. Later he was vicar of St Mary of the Virgin's Church, Berkeley, and rose to the position of Canon. He wrote a number of works including books on the history of Dymock and Berkeley, Gloucestershire.

Dymock
Dymock is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean district of Gloucestershire, England, about four miles south of Ledbury. In 2014 the parish had an estimated population of 1,205.

Dymock is the origin of the Dymock Red, a cider apple, and Stinking Bishop cheese.
Malietoa Laupepa
Susuga Malietoa Laupepa (1841 – 22 August 1898) was the ruler (Malietoa) of Samoa in the late 19th century. He was first crowned in 1875.

During his tenure as King, he fought constant warfare from many contenders to the throne, these battles would make up the First Samoan Civil War, which is documented in A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa.

Malietoa
Mālietoa (Samoan pronunciation: [maːɾiɛˈto.a] Mālietoa) is a state dynasty and one of the four paramount chiefly titles of Samoa. It is the titular head of one of the two great royal families of Samoa: Sā Malietoa. Literally translated as "great warrior", the title's origin comes from the final words of Tu'i Tonga Talakaifaiki as he was fleeing on the beach to his boat, "Mālie toa, mālie tau" ("Great warrior, bravely you have fought")
Bond valuation
Bond valuation is the process of estimating the fair value of a bond. In the present-value approach, the value equals the sum of expected cash flows discounted at appropriate rates.

In practice the discount rate is often inferred by reference to similar, more liquid instruments. Several related yield measures can then be computed for a given price (see Yield and price relationships). If the market price of a bond is below par value, it trades at a discount; if it is above par, it trades at a premium. Methods used on this page include relative pricing and arbitrage-free pricing.

If a bond has embedded options, valuation combines option pricing with discounting. Depending on the option type, the option value is added to or subtracted from the value of the option-free bond to obtain the total price. See embedded options.

Bond convexity
In finance, bond convexity is a measure of the non-linear relationship of  bond prices to changes in interest rates, and is defined as the second derivative of the price of the bond with respect to interest rates (duration is the first derivative). In general, the higher the duration, the more sensitive the bond price is to the change in interest rates. Bond convexity is one of the most basic and widely used forms of convexity in finance. Convexity was based on the work of Hon-Fei Lai and popularized by Stanley Diller.
Gwent Police and Crime Commissioner
The Gwent Police and Crime Commissioner is the police and crime commissioner for the Gwent Police area, comprising Newport, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent, Torfaen and Monmouthshire. The current commissioner is Jane Mudd, who represents the Labour Party. The post was first elected in November 2012 and replaced the Gwent Police Authority as part of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011.

Jane Mudd
Jane Mudd (born October 1968) is a Welsh politician for the Labour and Co-operative Party, serving as Gwent Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) since 2024, and Newport City Councillor for Malpas since 2012. She was Leader of Newport City Council from November 2019, until she resigned as leader at the Council's AGM on 21 May 2024 after winning the PCC election, whilst retaining her councillor role.
Return of the Eight
Return of the Eight is an adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, set in the game's World of Greyhawk campaign setting. The module was published by Wizards of the Coast in 1998 under its recently acquired "TSR" imprint for the second edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons rules.

The 64-page module was written by Roger E. Moore and involves several iconic Greyhawk figures and legends, such as Tenser the Archmage.

Roger E. Moore
Roger E. Moore (born July 11, 1955, in Winchester, Kentucky) is a designer of role-playing games. He had a long-running tenure as editor of Dragon magazine and was the founding editor of  Dungeon magazine.
Tajai
Tajai Massey, known mononymously as Tajai (/tɑːˈʒeɪ/ tah-ZHAY; born April 21, 1975), is an American rapper and producer. He is one of the four founding members of the Oakland, California-based underground hip hop group Souls of Mischief and, with Souls of Mischief, a part of the eight-person, alternative hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. He is also one half of the hip hop duo Rap Noir.

Souls of Mischief
Souls of Mischief is a hip hop group from Oakland, California, that is also part of the hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. The Souls of Mischief formed in 1991 and is composed of rappers A-Plus, Opio, Phesto, and Tajai.
Bader bin Abdullah Al Saud
Bader bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Farhan Al Saud (Arabic: بدر بن عبد الله بن محمد بن فرحان آل سعود Badr bin ʿAbdullāh bin Moḥammed bin Farḥān Āl Suʿūd; born 16 September 1985) is a Saudi Arabian businessman and politician who is a member of the Saudi royal family and the inaugural Saudi Arabian Minister of Culture. He is in charge of various key positions directly related to the execution of Saudi Vision 2030. Prior to his appointment as Minister of Culture, he was the chairman of the Saudi Research and Marketing Group. He was also appointed Governor of the Royal Commission for Al-'Ula Governorate in July 2017.

Saudi Research and Media Group
Saudi Research and Media Group (SRMG), also known as the Saudi Media Group, is a Saudi state-backed media company registered in Riyadh. The group mainly publishes, prints and distributes various publications. The company operates in Saudi Arabia, where there are no independent media.

The company has close ties to the Mohammed bin Salman government of Saudi Arabia. King Salman's sons have chaired the company. Its closeness to the Saudi government has led it to be considered an outlet for the government in the west, particularly in the United Kingdom.

In April 2022, SRMG announced its new headquarters in Riyadh's King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD). This marks the beginning of SRMG's global expansion and will house the offices of the Asharq network.
Reiser4
Reiser4 is a computer file system, successor to the ReiserFS file system, developed from scratch by Namesys and sponsored by DARPA as well as Linspire. Reiser4 was named after its former lead developer Hans Reiser. As of 2021, the Reiser4 patch set is still being maintained, but according to Phoronix, it is unlikely to be merged into mainline Linux without corporate backing.

Hans Reiser
Hans Thomas Reiser (born December 19, 1963) is an American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and convicted murderer. In April 2008, Reiser was convicted of the first-degree murder of his wife, Nina Reiser, who disappeared in September 2006. He subsequently pleaded guilty to a reduced charge of second-degree murder, as part of a settlement agreement that included disclosing the location of Nina Reiser's body, which he revealed to be in a shallow grave near the couple's home.

Prior to his incarceration, Reiser created the ReiserFS computer file system, which may be used by the Linux kernel but is now removed, as well as its attempted successor, Reiser4. In 2004, he founded Namesys, a corporation meant to coordinate the development of both file systems.
Gorleben salt dome
The Gorleben salt dome is a decommissioned deep geological repository in a salt dome in Gorleben in the Lüchow-Dannenberg district in the far north-east of Lower Saxony for low-, medium- and high-level radioactive waste.

Gorleben
Gorleben (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔʁˌleːbn̩] ⓘ) is a small municipality (Gemeinde) in the Gartow region of the Lüchow-Dannenberg district in the far north-east of Lower Saxony, Germany, a region also known as the Wendland.

Gorleben was first recorded as a town by the rulers of Dannenberg in 1360; there was a fort on the site. The name "Gorleben" probably comes from Goor ("silt"; in Slavic, however, Gor means "mountain") and leben ("heritage").

Gorleben is known as the site of a controversial radioactive waste disposal facility, currently used as an intermediate storage facility initially planned to serve with the salt dome Gorleben as a future deep final repository for waste from nuclear reactors. As of September 28, 2020 this is no longer the case as the entire area has been deemed unfit by 70 geologists in a national geographic survey for final repositories. It has attracted frequent protests from environmentalists since the 1970s.
Enakkul Oruvan (2015 film)
Enakkul Oruvan (transl. A Man Within Me) is a 2015 Tamil-language psychological drama film directed by debutant Prasad Ramar and produced by C. V. Kumar. A remake of the 2013 Kannada film Lucia directed by Pawan Kumar, the film stars Siddharth and Deepa Sannidhi, with Santhosh Narayanan composing the film's music. It is the 25th film of Siddharth. The film was released on 6 March 2015.

Lucia (film)
Lucia is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language psychological thriller drama film written, co-edited and directed by Pawan Kumar. It stars Sathish Ninasam in a double role as Nikki and Nikhil.

The plot revolves around Nikki, an usher in theatre who has insomnia. After consuming a special pill, he gets entangled in a different kind of a dream.

Lucia was the first Kannada film to be crowdfunded by the people. The soundtrack was composed by Poornachandra Tejaswi and cinematography was handled by Siddhartha Nuni. It was premiered at the London Indian Film Festival on 20 July 2013. It won the Best Film Audience Choice award at the festival. It was also among the films shortlisted by the FFI to become India's submission for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for the year 2013.

The film was remade in Tamil as Enakkul Oruvan in 2015. The movie was credited for inspiring a new wave in the Kannada film industry.