hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Former regions of Bahrain
Bahrain was formerly split into twelve regions (mintaqah) that were all administered from the capital city of Manama. On July 3, 2002, these were superseded by the five Governorates of Bahrain (four as of September 2014, with the abolishment of the Central Governorate).

Al Hadd

Al Manamah

Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah (Western)

Al Mintaqah al Wusta (Central)

Al Mintaqah al Shamaliyah (Northern)

Al Muharraq

Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah (Rifa and Southern)

Jidd Haffs

Madinat Hamad

Madinat 'Isa

Juzur Hawar

Sitrah

The map does not show Madinat Hamad, which was split off from Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah in 1991.

The following map does not show Hamad Town, which was split off from Rifa and Southern Region in 1991.

Rifa and Southern Region, Bahrain
Rifa and Southern Region (Arabic: الرفاع والمنطقة الجنوبية Ar-Rifāʿ wal-Minṭaqat al-Janūbīyah) was a municipality of Bahrain in the southern part of the country. Its territory is now in the Central and Southern Governorates. Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah's population in 2001 was 79,985.
Navicular syndrome
Navicular syndrome, often called navicular disease, is a syndrome of lameness problems in horses.  It most commonly describes an inflammation or degeneration of the navicular bone and its surrounding tissues, usually on the front feet. It can lead to significant and even disabling lameness.

Lameness (equine)
Lameness is an abnormal gait or stance of an animal that is the result of dysfunction of the locomotor system. In the horse, it is most commonly caused by pain, but can be due to neurologic or mechanical dysfunction. Lameness is a common veterinary problem in racehorses, sport horses, and pleasure horses. It is one of the most costly health problems for the equine industry, both monetarily for the cost of diagnosis and treatment, and for the cost of time off resulting in loss-of-use.
Dennis Joseph Dougherty
Dennis Joseph Dougherty (August 16, 1865 – May 31, 1951) was an American Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Philadelphia from 1918 until his death in 1951. He was made a cardinal in 1921. He was Philadelphia's longest-serving archbishop and its first cardinal.

Dougherty previously served as bishop of Buffalo from 1915 to 1918, and bishop of the Diocese of Jaro (1903–1908) and Diocese of Nueva Segovia (1908–1915) in the Philippines.

Diocese of Buffalo
The Diocese of Buffalo (Latin: Diœcesis Buffalensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in Western New York in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese within the metropolitan province of the Archdiocese of New York. It was erected in 1847 and includes eight counties. The mother church is St. Joseph Cathedral in Buffalo. Michael Fisher is the bishop.
Busdriver
Regan Farquhar (born February 12, 1978), better known by his stage name Busdriver (sometimes stylized in all caps), is an American rapper and producer from Los Angeles. He has collaborated with rappers such as Myka 9, R.A.P. Ferreira, Nocando, Open Mike Eagle, 2Mex, Aesop Rock and Radioinactive. His primary producers have been Daedelus, Boom Bip, Daddy Kev, Loden, Paris Zax, Omid, Kenny Segal, and Nobody. He has also worked with D-Styles on two albums.

Daddy Kev
Kevin Marques Moo (born 1974), better known by his stage name Daddy Kev, is an American record producer, DJ, Grammy Award-winning audio engineer, songwriter and executive from Los Angeles, California. He is the owner of Alpha Pup Records and the founder of Low End Theory. As an audio engineer, Daddy Kev has mixed and mastered albums by Flying Lotus, Thundercat, Kamasi Washington, and Leon Bridges.
Kawasaki W230
The Kawasaki W230 is a retro-standard motorcycle introduced by Kawasaki for the 2025 model year. It is the smallest model in the Kawasaki W series, positioned below the W800. The motorcycle combines styling elements from earlier W-series models, such as the 1965 Kawasaki 650-W1, with a modern single-cylinder engine and contemporary safety equipment.

Kawasaki W series
The Kawasaki W series is a line of vertical-twin standard motorcycles motorcycles made by Kawasaki beginning in 1965. First sold as a 1966 model in the North American market, the initial Kawasaki W1 had the largest engine displacement of any model manufactured in Japan at the time.

Based heavily on a licensed version of the post-war, pre-unit construction, 500cc vertical-twin BSA A7, the bikes were clearly aimed at the market then dominated by the classic British twins of the day. Production of the original series, which saw W2 and W3 models, ended in 1974.  In 1999 the W650 appeared, and was produced through 2007. In 2011 Kawasaki announced another retro version of the “W” brand, the W800, which remained in production until 2016, then was re-introduced in 2019.  A W175 was released in 2017.
Mozilla Thunderbird
Mozilla Thunderbird is a free and open-source personal information manager primarily used as an e-mail client with a calendar and contactbook, as well as an RSS feed reader, chat client (IRC/XMPP/Matrix), and news client. Operated by MZLA Technologies Corporation, a subsidiary of the Mozilla Foundation, Thunderbird is an independent, community-driven project that is managed and overseen by the Thunderbird Council, which is elected by the Thunderbird community. As a cross-platform application, Thunderbird is available for Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, Android, and Linux. The project strategy was originally modeled after that of Mozilla's Firefox, and Thunderbird is an interface built on top of that Web browser.

News aggregator
In computing, a news aggregator, also termed a feed aggregator, content aggregator, feed reader, news reader, or simply an aggregator, is client software or a web application that aggregates digital content such as online newspapers, blogs, podcasts, and video blogs (vlogs) in one location for easy viewing. The updates distributed may include journal tables of contents, podcasts, videos, and news items.

Contemporary news aggregators include Akregator, Feedly, Inoreader, and Mozilla Thunderbird.
Jerry Ekandjo
Jerry Lukiiko Ekandjo (born 17 March 1947) is a Namibian politician, former anti-apartheid activist and political prisoner. He is one of the founding members of the SWAPO Youth League and has been one of the most active internal leading members of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) during the liberation struggle. He spent eight years in prison on Robben Island after being charged for inciting violence in 1973.

Ekandjo has been a member of the cabinet of Namibia from independence in 1990 until 2018, serving the SWAPO government in various ministerial positions. His last appointment was Minister of Youth, National Service, Sport and Culture, from which he was recalled in early 2018. In 2012 he was a candidate for the vice-president of SWAPO and came second to Hage Geingob who eventually became the president of Namibia in 2015. In 2017, Ekandjo was nominated as a candidate for the president of SWAPO and came second again to Hage Geingob.

SWAPO Party Youth League
The SWAPO Party Youth League (SPYL), formerly known as the SWAPO Youth League (SYL), is the youth wing of the SWAPO Party, the ruling party of Namibia since 1990. It shares the same principles as those of the SWAPO Party.
Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region. Fairfield is a hub of higher education, enrolling more than 17,000 students between Sacred Heart University and Fairfield University.

Fairfield University
Fairfield University is a private Jesuit university in Fairfield, Connecticut. It was founded by the Jesuits in 1942. In the fall of 2024, the university had about 5,400 full-time undergraduate students and 1,500 graduate students, including full-time and part-time students. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its five schools and colleges.
Drunken trees
Drunken trees, tilted trees, or a drunken forest, is a stand of trees rotated from their normal vertical alignment.

This commonly occurs in northern subarctic taiga forests of black spruce (Picea mariana) under which discontinuous permafrost or ice wedges have melted, causing trees to tilt at various angles.

Tilted trees may also be caused by frost heaving, and subsequent palsa development, hummocks, earthflows, forested active rock glaciers, landslides, or earthquakes. In stands of spruce trees of equal age that germinated in the permafrost active layer after a fire, tilting begins when the trees are 50 to 100 years old, suggesting that surface heaving from new permafrost aggradation can also create drunken forests.

Picea mariana
Picea mariana, the black spruce, is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family. It is widespread across Canada, found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories. It is the official tree of Newfoundland and Labrador and is that province's most abundant tree. Its range extends into northern parts of the United States: in Alaska, the Great Lakes region, and the upper Northeast. It is a frequent part of the biome known as taiga or boreal forest.

The Latin specific epithet mariana means "of the Virgin Mary".
Sausalito, California
Sausalito (Spanish for "small willow grove") is a city in Marin County, California, United States, located 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) southeast of Marin City, 8 miles (13 km) south-southeast of San Rafael, and about 4 miles (6 km) north of San Francisco from the Golden Gate Bridge.

Sausalito's population was 7,269 as of the 2020 census. The community is situated near the northern end of the Golden Gate Bridge, and prior to the building of that bridge served as a terminus for rail, car, and ferry traffic.

Sausalito developed rapidly as a shipbuilding center in World War II, with its industrial character giving way in postwar years to a reputation as a wealthy and artistic enclave, a picturesque residential community (incorporating large numbers of houseboats), and a tourist destination. The city is adjacent to, and largely bounded by, the protected spaces of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area as well as the San Francisco Bay.

Houseboat
A houseboat is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily for regular dwelling. Most houseboats are not motorized, as they are usually moored or kept stationary, fixed at a berth, and often tethered to land to provide utilities. However, many are capable of operation under their own power.

Houseboats are largely found on small inland rivers, lakes, and streams, and in coastal harbours, especially where there is good fishing, in many countries.
John George Children
John George Children FRS FRSE FLS PRES (18 May 1777 – 1 January 1852 in Halstead, Kent) was a British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist. He was a friend of Sir Humphry Davy, who helped him secure a controversial appointment to a post in the British Museum. Along with Davy he built a large galvanic cell, assisted him in experiments and invented a method to extract silver from ore without the need for mercury. Children was also the founding president of the Royal Entomological Society. His daughter Anna Atkins became a pioneer of botanical photography.

Anna Atkins
Anna Atkins (née Children; 16 March 1799 – 9 June 1871) was an English botanist and photographer. She is often considered the first person to publish a book illustrated with photographic images. Some sources say that she was the first woman to create a photograph.
Project X Haren
Project X Haren was an event that started out as a public invitation to a birthday party by a girl on Facebook, but ended up as a gathering of tens of thousands of youths causing riots on 21 September 2012 in the town of Haren, Groningen, Netherlands.

The event was unprecedented in the Netherlands, but in June 2011, a German girl had posted similar birthday invitations on the internet. Hundreds of mostly drunk youths gathered in Hamburg, Germany, causing a great deal of damage and rioting against the police.

In 2025, the events inspired a Netflix documentary called Trainwreck: The Real Project X.

Haren, Groningen
Haren (Dutch: [ˈɦaːrə(n)] ⓘ; Gronings: Hoaren) is a town and a former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the direct urban area of the City of Groningen and, in January 2019, was merged into municipality of Groningen.

Haren is a commuting town with many wealthy inhabitants. It lies on the northern part of a ridge of sand called the Hondsrug. It contains one of two dolmens in the province of Groningen (in the village of Noordlaren) and the largest botanical garden of the Netherlands called Hortus Haren. The municipality comprises a woodland area called Appèlbergen (east of the village of Glimmen) and a lake called Paterswoldsemeer.

The first mention of Haren was in 1249.

On 21 September 2012, riots broke out in Haren when over 5,000 people turned up to a birthday party that was accidentally made public on Facebook. There were over 30 arrests after vandalism and looting caused over a million euros in damage.
Georgetown, Maine
Georgetown is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,058 at the 2020 census. Home to Reid State Park, the town is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. Located on an island accessible by car from the mainland, Georgetown includes the villages of Five Islands, Georgetown, Bay Point, Marrtown, West Georgetown and Robinhood. It is a popular tourist destination.

Arrowsic, Maine
Arrowsic is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population is 477 as of the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. During the French and Indian Wars, Arrowsic was site of a succession of important and embattled colonial settlements. It is a favorite with artists and birdwatchers.
Clutter family murders
In the early morning of November 15, 1959, four members of the Clutter family – Herb Clutter, his wife, Bonnie, and their teenage children Nancy and Kenyon – were murdered in their rural home just outside the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas. Two ex-convicts, Perry Smith and Richard Hickock, were found guilty of the murders and sentenced to death. They were both executed on April 14, 1965. The murders were detailed by Truman Capote in his 1966 non-fiction novel In Cold Blood.

Perry Edward Smith
Perry Edward Smith (October 27, 1928 – April 14, 1965) was one of two career criminals convicted of murdering the four members of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas, on November 15, 1959, a crime that was made famous by Truman Capote in his 1966 non-fiction novel In Cold Blood. Along with Richard Hickock, Smith took part in the burglary and quadruple murder at the Clutter family farmhouse.
Toby Price
Toby Joseph Price OAM is an Australian off-road and enduro motorcycle racing world champion.  He lives in Gold Coast, Queensland, and rode for the KTM Off-Road Racing Team until October 2015, then the Red Bull Factory KTM Rally Team until 2024.

Price is a two-time winner of the Dakar Rally, taking out the Bikes class in 2016 and 2019.

2016 Dakar Rally
The 2016 Dakar Rally was the 38th edition of the event and the eighth successive year that the event was held in South America. The event started in Buenos Aires, Argentina on January 2, then ran through Argentina and Bolivia.

Sébastien Loeb and Mikko Hirvonen made their debuts in rally-raid, driving for Peugeot and MINI respectively.

The victory in cars category was contested in court by runner-up X-Raid Team.
United Development Party
The United Development Party (Indonesian: Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, PPP or P3), is one of the Islamist political parties in Indonesia. At the time of its declaration on January 5, 1973, this party was the result of a merger of four religious parties, namely the Nahdlatul Ulama Party (NU), the Islamic Education Movement (PERTI), the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII), and the Indonesian Muslims' Party (PARMUSI). The first chairman at that time was Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja. The merger of the four religious parties was aimed at simplifying the party system in Indonesia in facing the first general election during the New Order in 1973. Because the party's distinctive logo was associated with Islamic religious politics, the PPP was popularly known as the Ka'bah Party.

Islamic Education Movement
Union of Islamic Education (Indonesian: Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah, Jawi: ڤرستوان تربيه اسلاميه; Arabic: اتحاد التربية الإسلامية‎  Ittiḥād at-Tarbiyah al-Islāmīyah), also known as PERTI, is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. The organization was founded by Sulaiman ar-Rasuli on May 5, 1928, in Candung, West Sumatra. In its development, PERTI had become a political party and gained four People's Representative Council (DPR-RI) seats and seven Constituent seats in 1955 general election.
Nouri Abusahmain
Nouri Abusahmain (Arabic: نوري أبو سهمين; born October 25, 1956) is a Libyan politician who served as the President of the General National Congress (GNC) of Libya from 2013 to 2016, when the GNC dissolved itself and was succeeded by the Government of National Accord under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement. He was a major figure on the Islamist side of the second Libyan civil war and is the founder of the Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room (LROR), which is recognized as a terrorist organization by the Libyan House of Representatives. He is reported to have rigged proceedings of the GNC while serving as its president.

Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room
The Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room (abbreviated LROR; Arabic: غرفة عمليات ثوار ليبيا) is an armed group loyal to Nouri Abusahmain. It has been declared a terrorist organization by the Libyan parliament. It was heavily involved in the Second Libyan Civil War.

The LROR was established in 2013 by Nouri Abusahmain, who had recently been elected GNC President. He formed the LROR by uniting existing militias under his command. Its official task was to keep order in Tripoli. He allegedly misappropriated 900 million Libyan Dinars (US $720 million) to the benefit of the LROR, but this was not investigated as Abusahmain himself suppressed the inquiry. Soon after being formed, the LROR attempted an Islamist coup when the group kidnapped Prime Minister Ali Zeidan in October 2013. The LROR later set up a branch in Benghazi, purportedly to deal with the deteriorating security situation.
Parkland Walk
The Parkland Walk is a 3.1-mile (5.0 km) linear green pedestrian and cycle route in north London, England; it is often mistakenly described as being 4.5 miles long. It follows the course of the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway that connected Finsbury Park and Alexandra Palace, via Stroud Green, Crouch End, Highgate and Muswell Hill. The route follows the bridges and cuttings of the line, but avoids the closed surface section of Highgate station and its adjoining tunnels, which are closed to walkers for safety reasons. The rail trail is almost all in Haringey, but a short stretch between Crouch Hill and Crouch End Hill is in Islington; this section incorporates Crouch Hill Park.

The walk is a local nature reserve and a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation. It was declared a local nature reserve in 1990 and is London's longest such reserve. Between Finsbury Park and Highgate, the path forms part of the Capital Ring strategic walking route.

Highgate tube station
Highgate is a London Underground station and a former railway station on Archway Road, in the London Borough of Haringey, North London, England. The station takes its name from nearby Highgate Village. It is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between East Finchley and Archway stations. It is in London fare zone 3.

The station was originally opened in 1867, on the Great Northern Railway's line between Finsbury Park and Edgware stations. As part of their only partially completed Northern Heights plan, the London Underground started serving the station in 1941, using new platforms in tunnels beneath the surface station. The platforms of the surface station remain, but were last used in 1954; the section of the line through them to Finsbury Park was closed in 1970 and lifted by 1972. One of the original 1867 station buildings still exists and is in use as a private house.
Alex Blumberg
Alex Blumberg is an American entrepreneur, radio journalist, former producer for public radio and television, best known for his work with This American Life, Planet Money, and How to Save a Planet. He was the co-founder and CEO of the podcast network Gimlet Media.

Gimlet Media
Gimlet Media LLC was a digital media company and podcast network, focused on producing narrative podcasts and headquartered in Brooklyn, New York. The company was founded in 2014 by Alex Blumberg and Matthew Lieber, who served as the company's CEO and president respectively until both left the company in 2022. In February 2019, Spotify announced it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Gimlet for $230 million. In 2023, Spotify announced that they were merging Gimlet and Parcast into Spotify Studios.
Carroll Izard
Carroll Ellis Izard (October 8, 1923 – February 5, 2017) was an American research psychologist known for his contributions to differential emotions theory (DET), and the Maximally Discriminative Affect Coding System (MAX) on which he worked with Paul Ekman. Izard also undertook empirical studies into the facial feedback hypothesis according to which emotions which have different functions also cause facial expressions which in turn provide us with cues about what emotion a person is feeling. In addition, Izard constructed a multidimensional self-report measure – the Differential Emotions Scale – currently in its 4th edition (DES-IV). His later research focused on emotional development in young children and the development and testing of his Emotions Course for Young Children.

Discrete emotion theory
Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions. For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust. More recently, Carroll Izard at the University of Delaware factor analytically delineated 12 discrete emotions labeled: Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Contempt, Self-Hostility, Fear, Shame, Shyness, and Guilt (as measured via his Differential Emotions Scale or DES-IV).

Discrete emotion theory states that these specific core emotions are biologically determined emotional responses whose expression and recognition is fundamentally the same for all individuals regardless of ethnic or cultural differences.
Kelkang Revival
The Kelkang Revival also known as the Mizo Revival of 1937 was a Christian Revivalism movement in the Lushai Hills (Mizoram) among the Mizo people. The revival became infamous and Superintendent Anthony Gilchrist McCall intervened to curb its influence.

Anthony Gilchrist McCall
Major Anthony Gilchrist McCall OBE (7 January 1895-8 May 1978) was an Indian Civil Service officer and an officer of the British military. He was the superintendent of the Lushai Hills District from 1931 to 1943.