hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dat (software)
Dat (/dæt/) is a data distribution tool with a version control feature for tracking changes and publishing data sets. It is primarily used for data-driven science, but it can be used to keep track of changes in any data set. As a distributed revision control system it is aimed at speed, simplicity, security, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows.

Dat was created by Max Ogden in 2013 to standardize the way data analysts collaborate on the changes they make to data sets. It is developed through funding support from Code for Science, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

Dat is free software distributed under the terms of the BSD-3-Clause license.

One of the main implementations is Beaker, a web browser that seamlessly handles dat:// URLs and allows building and seeding Dat websites. Homebase is a server-side permanent seeding tool for Dat.

Beaker (web browser)
Beaker is a discontinued free and open-source web browser developed by Blue Link Labs. Beaker Browser peer-to-peer technology allows users to self-publish websites and web apps directly from the browser, without the need to set up and administrate a separate web server or host their content on a third-party server. All files and websites are transferred using Dat, a hypermedia peer-to-peer protocol, which allows files to be shared and hosted by several users. The browser also supports the HTTP protocol to connect to traditional servers.

Beaker is built using the Electron framework and therefore uses the Chromium browser as a renderer for webpages.
Topoxte
Topoxte (/tɒpɒʃtˈɛ/) (or Topoxté in Spanish orthography) is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the Petén Basin in northern Guatemala with a long occupational history dating as far back as the Middle Preclassic. As the capital of the Kowoj Maya, it was the largest of the few Postclassic Mesoamerican sites in the area. Topoxte is located on an island on Yaxha Lake across from the important Classic period center of Yaxha.

Topoxte was named by Teobert Maler in 1904; the name means "seed of the Ramón tree." There is no record of the name Topoxte prior to this. The Ramón tree, commonly known as breadnut, was an important component of the ancient Maya diet. Prior to this the site was known as Islapag, as noted in 1831 by Juan Galindo in his report to the Society of Antiquaries of London.

Zacpeten
Zacpeten is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the northern Petén Department of Guatemala.  It is notable as one of the few Maya communities that maintained their independence through the early phases of Spanish control over Mesoamerica.
Sturgeon-class submarine
The Sturgeon class (known colloquially in naval circles as the 637 class) was a class of thirty-seven nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy from the 1960s until 2004. They were the "workhorses" of the Navy's attack submarine fleet throughout much of the Cold War.  The boats were phased out in the 1990s and early 21st century, as their successors, the Los Angeles, followed by the Seawolf and Virginia-class boats, entered service.

USS Batfish (SSN-681)
USS Batfish (SSN-681), was a nuclear-powered attack submarine of the United States Navy. She was the eleventh Sturgeon-class submarine launched. Her primary missions were anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, and screening carrier battle groups. She was launched in 1971 and decommissioned in 1999.
Burlington, Vermont
Burlington is a city in, and county seat of, Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It is located 45 miles (72 km) south of the Canada–United States border and 95 miles (153 km) south of Montreal. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 44,743. It is the most populous city in Vermont.

A regional college town, Burlington is home to the University of Vermont (UVM) and Champlain College. Vermont's largest hospital, the UVM Medical Center, is within the city limits. The City of Burlington owns Vermont's largest airport, the Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport, located in neighboring South Burlington. In 2015, Burlington became the first city in the U.S. to run entirely on renewable energy.

University of Vermont Medical Center
The University of Vermont Medical Center (UVMMC) is a five-campus academic medical facility under the corporate umbrella of the University of Vermont Health Network that is anchored by a 562-bed hospital in Burlington, Vermont. UVMMC is based in Burlington and serves as both a regional referral center (providing advanced care to approximately one million people in Vermont and northern New York) and a community hospital (for approximately 160,000 residents in the Chittenden and Grand Isle Vermont counties). The hospital was formerly known as the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont and later as Fletcher Allen Health Care until getting its current name. It is affiliated with the University of Vermont's Robert Larner College of Medicine and its College of Nursing and Health Sciences.
Quincy Davis (musician)
Quincy Davis (born August 27, 1977 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is a jazz drummer who has recorded with Tom Harrell, Benny Green, Hank Jones, Kurt Elling, The Clayton Brothers, Gerald Clayton, Russell Malone, Frank Wess, Eric Lewis, Junko Onishi, Ernestine Anderson, Vincent Gardner, and Randy Napoleon.

Tom Harrell
Tom Harrell (born June 16, 1946) is an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist, composer, and arranger. Voted Trumpeter of the Year of 2018 by Jazz Journalists Association, Harrell has won awards and grants throughout his career, including multiple Trumpeter of the Year awards from DownBeat magazine, SESAC Jazz Award, BMI (Broadcast Music Incorporated) Composers Award, and Prix Oscar du Jazz.  He received a Grammy Award nomination for his big band album, Time's Mirror.
Lord of the Flies
Lord of the Flies is the 1954 debut novel of British author William Golding. The plot concerns a group of prepubescent British boys who are stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempts to govern themselves that lead to a descent into savagery. The novel's themes include morality, leadership, and the tension between civility and chaos.

Lord of the Flies was generally well received and is a popularly assigned book in schools.

William Golding
Sir William Gerald Golding CBE FRSL (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, playwright, and poet. Best known for his debut novel Lord of the Flies (1954), Golding published another 12 volumes of fiction in his lifetime. In 1980, Golding was awarded the Booker Prize for Rites of Passage, the first novel in what became his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth. Golding was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature.

As a result of his contributions to literature, Golding was knighted in 1988. He was also a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Urban planning in Africa
Urban planning in Africa results from indigenous aesthetics and conceptions of form and function as well as the changes brought on by industrialization, modernization, and colonialism. Before the Berlin Conference of 1884 – 1885, which formalized colonialism in many parts of Africa, indigenous African cities and villages had ordered structures that varied along ethnic and religious lines and according to geography. All land-uses necessary for functioning––markets, religious sites, farms, communal assembly spaces––existed in ordered, rational ways, as did land property practices and laws, many of which changed under colonial control. Urbanity changed significantly from pre-colonial to colonial times, as slavery, Christianity, and a host of other forces caused a change in the population of indigenous urban dwellers.

Urbanization in Africa
The urbanization of most of Africa is moving fast forward, especially South of the Sahara. It is estimated that in 1900, about 89% of inhabitants lived from the primary occupations of farming, hunting and gathering, cattle nomadism, and fishing (Aase, 2003:1) meaning that 11% or less were urban. At the start of the independence period in 1957, 14.7% of Africa's inhabitants were urban, in 2000 had it risen to 37.2% and it is expected to rise to 49.3% in 2015, in effect 3.76% to 3.35% per year (UN, 2002). In sub-Saharan Africa in 1960 "only one city, Johannesburg, had a population of one million;...in 2009, there were fifty-two cities with such large populations." The Nigerian city of Lagos that in 1963 had 665,000 inhabitants (Rakodi, 1997) and 8.7 million in 2000 is expected to become the world's 11th biggest city by 2015 with 16 million inhabitants (UN, 2002).
Pieter Bourke
Pieter Bourke is an Australian musician, composer, producer and audio engineer. From 1995 he has recorded several projects with Dead Can Dance founder Lisa Gerrard, and was a touring member of Dead Can Dance's 1996 Spiritchaser Tour. On 14 April 1998 Bourke and Gerrard issued a world music album, Duality. From 1993 he also collaborated with industrial musician, David Thrussell (alias Black Lung), first as part of the latter's band Snog, then together as the ambient duo, Soma. In 2001, he formed a dub reggae outfit, Secret Masters, with Brian Westbrook (a.k.a. Donnie Dub). Bourke and Gerrard have received two shared Golden Globe nominations for 'Best Original Score', in 2000 for The Insider (1999), and in 2002 for Ali (2001).

Snog (band)
Snog is a band that was formed by Australian musician David Thrussell, along with fellow art school friends Tim McGrath and Julia Bourke in 1989. The band's music is a fusion of many different styles, including industrial, techno, ambient, experimental, funk and country music. The band name is a reference to "kissing and cuddling".
Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study
The Stateville Penitentiary malaria study was a controlled but ethically questionable study of the effects of malaria on prisoners of Stateville Penitentiary near Joliet, Illinois, in the 1940s, conducted by the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago in conjunction with the United States Army and the State Department. The Stateville experiment was viewed as coercive because it offered shortened sentences to participants. The Green report was written about it by Andrew Conway Ivy in 1945 and used in the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, which affected the Nuremberg Code, and to discuss how medical experimentation on prisoners should be carried out.

Green report
The Green report was written by Andrew Conway Ivy, a medical researcher and vice president of the University of Illinois at Chicago. Ivy was in charge of the medical school and its hospitals. The report justified testing malaria vaccines on Statesville Prison, Joliet, Illinois prisoners in the 1940s. Ivy mentioned the report in the 1946 Nuremberg Medical Trial for Nazi war criminals. He used it to refute any similarity between human experimentation in the United States and the Nazis.
Yorùbá Boy Running
Yorùbá Boy Running is a historical fiction novel by Biyi Bándélé (1967–2022), published posthumously in 2024. The book tells the story of Àjàyí Crowther, a young boy captured and sold into slavery in 1821, who later became a prominent figure in the Anglican Church.

Biyi Bandele
Biyi Bandelelistenⓘ (born Biyi Bandele-Thomas; 13 October 1967 – 7 August 2022) was a Nigerian novelist, playwright and filmmaker. He was the author of several novels, beginning with The Man Who Came in From the Back of Beyond (1991), as well as writing stage plays, before turning his focus to filmmaking. His directorial debut was in 2013 with Half of a Yellow Sun, based on the 2006 novel of the same name by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
Alexander McGuffey
Alexander McGuffey (November 22, 1767 – March 1, 1855), was a Scottish American scout on the Ohio frontier during the Northwest Indian War. He was the father of William Holmes and Alexander Hamilton McGuffey, who edited the McGuffey Readers. Their mother Anna Holmes McGuffey provided their earliest education and ensured that they received a good formal education outside of their home.

William Holmes McGuffey
William Holmes McGuffey (September 23, 1800 – May 4, 1873) was an American college professor and president who is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, the first widely used series of elementary school-level textbooks. More than 120 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary.
Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce
Admiral of the Fleet Michael Cecil Boyce, Baron Boyce (2 April 1943 – 6 November 2022) was a British Royal Navy officer who also sat as a crossbench member of the House of Lords until his death in November 2022.

Boyce commanded three submarines and then a frigate before achieving higher command in the Navy and serving as First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff from 1998 to 2001 and then as Chief of the Defence Staff from 2001 to 2003. As Chief of Defence Staff he is believed to have had concerns about US plans for a national missile defence system. In early 2003 he advised the British Government on the deployment of troops for the invasion of Iraq, seeking assurances as to the legitimacy of the deployment before it was allowed to proceed.

Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)
Admiral of the Fleet (ADMF) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy, formally established in 1688. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force.  Apart from honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014.
Ashleworth Court
Ashleworth Court is a grade I listed house close to the River Severn in Ashleworth, Gloucestershire, England.

The site has revealed pottery from Roman Britain. Ashleworth was donated to the church in the 12th century. The blue lias stone house was built around 1460 for Bristol Abbey. It has been revised several times including the division of the great hall with a new upper floor in the 17th century. The thatched roof has been replaced with tiles. The house is close to, and associated with Ashleworth Tithe Barn and the local Anglican church forming an example of an Augustinian rectorial manor.

Ashleworth
Ashleworth (sometimes formerly spelled ‘Ashelworth’) is a village and civil parish in the Tewkesbury district of Gloucestershire, England, with a population of 614 (United Kingdom Census 2021), about six miles north of Gloucester. It has a riverside pub, the Boat Inn.  The oldest part of the village is Ashleworth Quay, on a flood plain on the west bank of the River Severn.
Breit equation
The Breit equation, or Dirac–Coulomb–Breit equation, is a relativistic wave equation derived by Gregory Breit in 1929 based on the Dirac equation, which formally describes two or more massive spin-1/2 particles (electrons, for example) interacting electromagnetically to the first order in perturbation theory. It accounts for magnetic interactions and retardation effects to the order of 1/c2. When other quantum electrodynamic effects are negligible, this equation has been shown to give results in good agreement with experiment. It was originally derived from the Darwin Lagrangian but later vindicated by the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory and eventually quantum electrodynamics.

Darwin Lagrangian
The Darwin Lagrangian (named after Charles Galton Darwin, grandson of the naturalist) describes the interaction to order  between two charged particles in a vacuum where c  is the speed of light. It was derived before the advent of quantum mechanics and resulted from a more detailed investigation of the classical, electromagnetic interactions of the electrons in an atom. From the Bohr model it was known that they should be moving with velocities approaching the speed of light.
Vanesa Martín Mata
Vanesa Martín Mata (born 14 November 1980) is a Spanish singer, poet, and songwriter. Her first appearance on an album was on the CD called El búho real. Her first album was titled Agua and was released in 2006. In 2009, she signed with the multinational Warner Music. To date, she has released seven studio albums: Agua (2006), Trampas (2009), Cuestión de piel (2012), Crónica de un baile (2014), Munay (2016), Todas las mujeres que habitan en mí (2018), Siete veces sí (2020).

She has sold thousands of copies in Spain and Latin America and has performed a large number of concerts throughout the Spanish geography. She has collaborated with artists such as Pablo Alborán, India Martínez, Malú, Pastora Soler, Chenoa, David DeMaría, El Arrebato, Manuel Lombo, Diana Navarro, among others.

India Martínez
Jenifer Yésica Martínez Fernández (Córdoba, Spain, October 13, 1985),  known professionally as India Martínez, is a Spanish flamenco and pop singer.

She was nominated to Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist during the Latin Grammy Awards of 2009. She won Premio Cadena Dial 2012 award for the album Trece Verdades certified gold. She is signed to Sony Music Entertainment. She also won, in 2015, the Goya for the song of the Spanish film El Niño.
Langres Cathedral
Langres Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Mammès de Langres) is a Roman Catholic church in Langres, France. It was erected in the twelfth century, and is dedicated to the 3rd-century martyr Mammes of Caesarea. The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Langres, and is a national monument. The nave and interior are in the Romanesque and French Gothic style while the later facade is an example of French Neoclassical architecture

Mammes of Caesarea
Saint Mammes of Caesarea (Mamas, Mammas, Mammet, Mema; Greek: Μάμας; French: Mammès; Italian: Mamante; Spanish: Mamés;  Portuguese: Mamede) was a child-martyr of the 3rd century, who was martyred at Caesarea. His parents, Theodotus and Rufina, were also martyred.
Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum
The Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum (愛知県陶磁美術館, Aichi-ken Tōji bijutsukan) is a prefectural art museum located in the city of Seto, north of the metropolis of Nagoya in central Japan. This museum was formally named "Aichi-ken Toji Shiryokan (愛知県陶磁資料館)", but the name in English has been the same as before.

Seto, Aichi
Seto (瀬戸市, Seto-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 127,659 in 56,573 households, and a population density of 1,146 persons per km2. The total area was 111.40 square kilometres (43.01 sq mi).
Augustus Noble Hand
Augustus Noble Hand (July 26, 1869 – October 28, 1954) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and later was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. His most notable rulings restricted the reach of obscenity statutes in the areas of literature and contraceptives. He was the older first cousin of famed judge Learned Hand, who served on both courts with his cousin during most of Augustus Hand's tenure.

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (in case citations, 2d Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Connecticut

Eastern District of New York

Northern District of New York

Southern District of New York

Western District of New York

District of Vermont
Julie Dorf
Julie Dorf (born February 28, 1965) is an international human rights advocate best known as the founding executive director of OutRight Action International (then known as the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission). She started the organization in 1990 and served as executive director until 2000.

Outright International
Outright International (Outright) is an LGBTIQ human rights non-governmental organization (NGO) that addresses human rights violations and abuses against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. Outright International documents human rights discrimination and abuses based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics in partnership with activists, advocates, media, NGOs and allies on a local, regional, national and international level. Outright International holds consultative status with ECOSOC.
Inside Edition
Inside Edition is an American tabloid television program that is distributed in first-run syndication by CBS Media Ventures. Having premiered on January 9, 1989, it is the longest-running syndicated newsmagazine program not strictly focused on hard news. It does include some, but the rest of each day's edition mainly features a mix of infotainment stories, entertainment news and gossip, scandals, true-crime stories, and lifestyle features.

From 1995 to 2025, the program's weekday broadcasts were anchored by Deborah Norville. Since 2020, its weekend editions have been presented by Mary Calvi, who also anchored the daily show when Norville was unavailable; Eva Pilgrim was named as Norville's successor in July 2025 and debuted on August 18, 2025.

Mary Calvi
Mary Calvi is an American television journalist and author of If a Poem Could Live and Breathe: A Novel of Teddy Roosevelt's First Love, publishing Valentine's Day 2023, which is based on love letters from Gilded Age to and from Roosevelt and his first love, many of which have never been published. Her first book was named Dear George, Dear Mary: A Novel of George Washington's First Love. Her research is profiled in the Smithsonian Channel documentary, "George Washington's Secret Love."

She is the co-anchor of the daily morning and noon news broadcasts at WCBS-TV in New York City, and has been the weekend anchor and weekday fill-in anchor for the syndicated newsmagazine Inside Edition since July 2020. Over the course of her career, Calvi has won thirteen New York Emmy Awards.
Scopophobia (video)
Scopophobia is a DVD release by rock band Therapy? on Eagle Vision, a subsidiary of Eagle Rock Entertainment, on 27 October 2003. The bulk of the DVD is a full-length, 19-track concert recorded live at the Mandela Hall, Belfast on 6 June 2003.

Bonus features include 11 promo video clips, a quick Q&A session with the four band members, and a 30-minute hidden feature following the band on their European tour in May/June 2003 in support of their High Anxiety album.

In 2004, Eagle Vision released a two-disc limited edition version of the DVD featuring an audio cd of the concert.

Therapy?
Therapy? are  a Northern Irish rock band from Larne, formed in 1989 by guitarist-vocalist Andy Cairns and drummer-vocalist Fyfe Ewing. Therapy? recorded their first demo with Cairns filling in on bass guitar. To complete the lineup, the band recruited Larne bassist Michael McKeegan. The band signed with major label A&M Records in 1992, for which they released four albums, most notably Troublegum in 1994 and Infernal Love in 1995. Ewing's departure in early 1996 preceded the arrivals of his replacement Graham Hopkins, as well as Martin McCarrick on guitar and cello. Neil Cooper replaced Hopkins in 2002. McCarrick departed in 2004, and the band have remained a three-piece ever since.

Therapy? are currently signed to UK independent label Marshall Records. The band have released 14 studio albums and sold over two million albums worldwide.
Tuluva dynasty
Tuluva is the name of the third dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire. The dynasty traces its patrilineal ancestry to Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, a powerful warlord from the westerly Tulu speaking region. His son Narasimha Nayaka arranged for the assassination of the weak Narasimha Raya II bringing an end to the rule of the Saluva dynasty. Narasimha Nayaka later assumed the Vijayangara throne as Viranarasimha Raya bringing the Tuluva dynasty to prominence. The dynasty was at its zenith during the rule of Krishnadevaraya, the second son of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka.

Tuluva Narasa Nayaka
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka was an Indian general  and later an imperial regent who founded the Tuluva dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire. He was the father of the emperors Viranarasimha Raya, Krishnadevaraya and Achyuta Deva Raya.