hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Internal dosimetry
Internal dosimetry is the science of internal ionising radiation dose assessment due to radionuclides incorporated inside the human body.

Radionuclides deposited within a body will irradiate tissues and organs and give rise to committed dose until they are excreted from the body or the radionuclide is completely decayed.

The internal doses for workers or members of the public exposed to the intake of radioactive particulates can be estimated using bioassay data such as lung and body counter measurements, urine or faecal radioisotope concentration, etc. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) biokinetic models are applied to establish a relationship between the individual intake and the bioassay measurements, and then to infer the internal dose.

Committed dose
The committed dose in radiological protection is a measure of the stochastic health risk due to an intake of radioactive material into the human body. Stochastic in this context is defined as the probability of cancer induction and genetic damage, due to low levels of radiation. The SI unit of measure is the sievert.

A committed dose from an internal source represents the same effective risk as the same amount of effective dose applied uniformly to the whole body from an external source, or the same amount of equivalent dose applied to part of the body. The committed dose is not intended as a measure for deterministic effects, such as radiation sickness, which are defined as the severity of a health effect which is certain to happen.

The radiation risk proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) predicts that an effective dose of one sievert carries a 5.5% chance of developing cancer. Such a risk is the sum of both internal and external radiation dose.
Victoria (plant)
Victoria or giant waterlily is a genus of aquatic herbs in the plant family Nymphaeaceae. The leaves are a remarkable size; Victoria boliviana produces leaves up to 3.2 metres (10 ft) in width. The genus name was given in honour of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Victoria amazonica
Victoria amazonica ("giant water lily") is a species of flowering plant, the second largest in the water lily family Nymphaeaceae. It is called Vitória-Régia or Iaupê-Jaçanã ("the jacana's waterlily") in Brazil and Atun Sisac ("great flower") in Inca (Quechua). Its native region is tropical South America, specifically Guyana and the Amazon Basin.
Mercedes (car brand)
Mercedes (German: [mɛʁˈtseːdəs, -dɛs]) was a brand originally created by the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) and used for first time in the 35 hp model released by the company in 1901. DMG began to develop in 1900, after the death of its co-founder, Gottlieb Daimler. Although the name was not lodged as a trade name until 23 June 1902 and not registered legally until 26 September, the brand name eventually would be applied to an automobile model built by Wilhelm Maybach to specifications by Emil Jellinek. This vehicle was delivered to him on 22 December 1900.

By Jellinek's contract, the new model contained a newly designed engine designated "Daimler-Mercedes". This engine name is the first instance of the use of the name Mercedes by DMG. The automobile design would later be called the Mercedes 35 hp. When DMG merged with Benz & Cie to form "Daimler-Benz" in 1926, the new company became owner of the Mercedes brand name.

Mercedes 35 hp
The Mercedes 35 hp (German: Mercedes 35 PS) was a radical early car model designed in 1901 by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler, for Emil Jellinek. Produced in Stuttgart, Germany, by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), it began the Mercedes line of cars (since 1926 re-branded Mercedes-Benz). Its name is derived from the power of the engine, 35 Pferdestärken (26 kW, approximately 35 horsepower).: 49

A significant advancement over the previous generation of automobiles, which were modified stagecoaches, the Mercedes 35 hp is regarded as the first modern car. It was equipped with a powerful petrol engine, it was both wider and larger with a tailored steel chassis, and its centre of mass was near the ground. Originally designed as a racing car, the Mercedes 35 hp was further developed for normal road use.
Trek73
TREK73 is a video game based on the original Star Trek television series. It was created in 1973 by William K. Char, Perry Lee, and Dan Gee for the Hewlett-Packard 2000 minicomputer in HP Time-Shared BASIC. The game was played via teletype. Trek73 is so big that it needs the CHAIN feature of HP2000 BASIC.

Unlike many other Trek-themed games of the era, Trek73 is not derived from the well-known Star Trek by Mike Mayfield. Trek73 simulates multi-ship starship combat in a smaller play area and does not include the more strategic elements of the original, like starbases and the galactic map layout.

There are many minor variations of the original. Dave Korns adapted the code to support smart terminals, using the cursor control characters on the Hazeltine 2000 to produce an in-place updating display. In the mid-1980s, Dave Pare and Chris Williams translated the original BASIC version into C. Jeff Okamoto, Peter Yee, and others corrected and enhanced the source code.

Begin (video game)
Begin, A Tactical Starship Simulation is a video game released for MS-DOS in 1984 and consists of combat between spaceships.

In 1991 it was followed by Begin 2. Begin 3 for Microsoft Windows was released in March 2009.
Kaprun
Kaprun (German pronunciation: [kaˈpruːn]) is a municipality in the Zell am See District in the province of Salzburg in Austria. Together with the neighboring city of Zell am See the town presents itself as the tourist destination and skiing area "Zell am See-Kaprun". Kaprun distinguishes itself from its larger neighbor at the lake, by offering all year access to the Kitzsteinhorn with its Top of Salzburg viewing platform at 3,029 metres (9,938 ft) altitude and its glacier ski area that is open October through May.

Kitzsteinhorn
The Kitzsteinhorn is a mountain in the High Tauern range of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria. It is part of the Glockner Group and reaches a height of 3,203 m (10,509 ft) AA. The Kitzsteinhorn Glaciers are a popular ski area.
Chinese kin
A Chinese kin, lineage or sometimes rendered as clan, is a patrilineal and patrilocal group of related Chinese people with a common surname sharing a common ancestor and, in many cases, an ancestral home.

Ancestral home (Chinese)
In Chinese culture, an ancestral home is the place of origin of one's extended family. It may or may not be the place where one is born or brought up. For instance, Lien Chan was born in Xi'an, but his ancestral home is Zhangzhou.
Michael Gallagher (bishop)
Michael James Gallagher  (November 16, 1866 – January 20, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as bishop of the Diocese of Detroit in Michigan from 1918 until his death in 1937. He also served as coadjutor bishop and bishop of the Diocese of Grand Rapids in Michigan from 1915 to 1918.

Diocese of Grand Rapids
The Diocese of Grand Rapids (Latin: Dioecesis Grandcataractensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in western Michigan in the United States. It comprises 80 parishes in 11 counties. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew in Grand Rapids. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis appointed David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth bishop of Grand Rapids.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States, of which it is the county seat. It had a population of 123,851 in 2020, making it the fifth most populous in Michigan.

The city is home to the University of Michigan, the oldest university in the state. Its economy is primarily focused on high technology, with numerous startup companies drawn to the area due to the university's robust research and development activities.

Founded in 1824 with American settlers from the East Coast, it was incorporated as a city in 1851. The city is located on the Huron River. It is the principal city of its metropolitan area, and it is also included in the Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor combined statistical area as well as the Great Lakes megalopolis.

Washtenaw County, Michigan
Washtenaw County (/ˈwɔːʃtənɔː/ WAWSH-tə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2020 census, the population was 372,258. The county seat and largest city is Ann Arbor. The county was authorized by legislation in 1822 and organized as a county in 1826.
Washtenaw County comprises the Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The county is home to the University of Michigan, Eastern Michigan University, Washtenaw Community College, and Concordia University Ann Arbor.
Papa Ibra Tall
Papa Ibra Tall (1935–2015) was a Senegalese tapestry weaver, painter, and illustrator. He is known for his role in the Dakar School (French: École de Dakar) art movement, and as an early professor at the École Nationale des Beaux Arts.

Dakar School
The Dakar School (French: École de Dakar, lit. 'School of Dakar') is an art movement in Senegal at the dawn of independence, between 1960 and 1974. It was supported by the first Senegalese President Léopold Sédar Senghor, and worked within the framework of the larger cultural movement of Négritude from the 1930s. The three teachers that were the foundering members of this art movement included Papa Ibra Tall, Iba N'Diaye, and Pierre Lods.
Vaugirard station
Vaugirard (French pronunciation: [voʒiʁaʁ]) is a station on Line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement.

It is named after the nearby Rue de Vaugirard, which in turn was named after the former Place de Vaugirard, renamed to Place Adolphe Chérioux in 1935. The station's name is subtitled Adolphe Chérioux (1857–1934), a former mayor of the district. This street also lent its name to Vaugirard on Line 4, which was renamed Saint-Placide on 15 November 1913 to prevent confusion.

The station is unusual in that it contains two shops (a newsagent and clothes store) even though it is not an interchange station.

Saint-Placide station
Saint-Placide (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ plasid]) is a station on Line 4 of the Paris Métro. Situated in the 6th arrondissement, it was used by 3,376,988 passengers in 2018, making it the 163rd busiest Métro station out of 302.
Ovingham
Ovingham /ˈɒvɪŋdʒəm/ is a village and civil parish in the Tyne Valley of south Northumberland, England. It lies on the River Tyne 10 miles (16 km) east of Hexham with neighbours Prudhoe, Ovington, Wylam and Stocksfield.

The River Tyne provided an obstacle between Ovingham and Prudhoe until 20 December 1883, when a toll bridge (Ovingham Bridge) was finally opened, taking the place of the ferry. The steel tubes are marked Dorman Long Middlesbrough, the firm which designed and built the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Tyne Bridge.

Ovingham Bridge
Ovingham Bridges are a pair of side-by-side vehicle and pedestrian bridges across the River Tyne linking Ovingham and Prudhoe in Northumberland, England. Following a lengthy refurbishment programme by Northumberland County Council, Ovingham Bridge re-opened to vehicles on 5 September 2016.

The vehicle bridge is a single track of reduced width for cars and light vans only. There is no footpath; pedestrians use the separate footbridge that runs alongside and with the same deck level. The centre piers are set wider, allowing the deck to spread and two vehicles can pass, although this is rare. No traffic controls are installed; drivers observe the far end and wait or enter the bridge using a set of unwritten rules that usually function well.
The Monastery (community center)
The Monastery was a church in Seattle, Washington, United States, open from 1977 to 1985. Minister George Freeman established and operated it as part of the broader Universal Life Church Monastery religious organization. It was simultaneously a gay church, a gay nightclub, an LGBTQ community center, and a homeless shelter for queer youth. In a typical event, it would host DJs playing dance music at night, then at 2am, Freeman would stop the music and party to deliver a sermon.

Throughout its existence, Freeman defended the organization against opponents including Seattle officials, police, and the organization Parents in Arms as they accused the Monastery of various offenses including alcohol violations and being a public nuisance. In the end, Seattle's government closed the venue and also enacted the Teen Dance Ordinance to ban anything similar. Freeman was a public figure in the media throughout this, with him advocating for civic rights while others denounced him.

Parents in Arms
Parents in Arms was a community organization active in the 1980s in Seattle which petitioned the Seattle City Council for the creation of the Teen Dance Ordinance. Seattle-area attorney David Crosby established it in 1985 when his 14-year-old son Ian ran away from home after various acts of teenage rebellion. The closure of The Monastery, a church and disco with gay youth patrons, was an objective of the organization.
Silvio Foschini
Silvio Foschini (born 18 September 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Sydney Swans and St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is best known for taking the VFL to court over its refusal to grant him a clearance, which led, among other things, to the end of the League's Zoning system.

Zoning (Australian rules football)
In Australian rules football, zoning (originally called district football, or electorate football in South Australia) refers to a system whereby a given area, either region or lower-level football league, is reserved exclusively for one club.

Zoning has been historically an important part of most major Australian football leagues, being usually justified as necessary to ensure a reasonably equitable competition.
Joseph Gerrald
Joseph Gerrald (9 February 1763 – 16 March 1796) was a political reformer, one of the "Scottish Martyrs".  He worked with the London Corresponding Society and the Society for Constitutional Information and also wrote an influential letter, A Convention the Only Means of Saving Us from Ruin.  He was arrested for his radical views and convicted of sedition in 1794.  Subsequently, he was deported to Sydney, where he died from tuberculosis in 1796.

Political Martyrs' Monument
The Political Martyrs Monument, located in the Old Calton Burial Ground on Calton Hill, Edinburgh, commemorates five political reformists from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Designed by Thomas Hamilton and erected in 1844, it is a 90 ft (27 m) tall obelisk on a square-plan base plinth, all constructed in ashlar sandstone blocks. As part of the Burial Ground it is Category A listed.
Strada statale 310 del Bidente
The strada statale 310 "del Bidente" (SS 310) was an Italian state highway 89.8 kilometres (55.8 mi) long in Italy in the regions of Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna, created in 1962 and disestablished in 2000. It began in Campaldino and ended in Ronco by Forlì, going through the Apennine Mountains between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna.

State highways (Italy)
The Strade Statali (Italian: [ˈstraːde staˈtaːli]; sg. Strada Statale [ˈstraːda staˈtaːle]), abbreviated SS, are the Italian national network of state highways. The total length of the network is about 25,000 km (16,000 mi).

The Italian state highway network is maintained by ANAS. From 1928 until 1946, state highways were maintained by the Azienda Autonoma Statale della Strada (AASS).

The routes of some Italian state highways derive from ancient Roman roads, such as the Strada statale 7 Via Appia, which broadly follows the route of the Appian Way. Other examples are the Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia (Via Aurelia) and the Strada statale 4 Via Salaria (Via Salaria).
Jim Costa
James Manuel Costa ComM (born April 13, 1952) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for California's 21st congressional district since 2023. He previously represented the 20th congressional district from 2005 to 2013 and the 16th congressional district from 2013 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, his district includes most of Fresno.

Costa served in the California State Assembly from 1978 to 1994, and then in the California State Senate from 1994 until 2002. During his time in the Assembly, he served as Majority Caucus Chair. Costa chaired the Blue Dog Coalition in the U.S. House of Representatives during the 116th Congress and chaired the Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture during the 117th Congress.

United States House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry
The House Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry is a subcommittee within the House Agriculture Committee.

The subcommittee was previously known as the Subcommittee on Livestock and Horticulture, but its duties were split at the start of the 110th Congress when the United States House Agriculture Subcommittee on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture was established. Between then and the 118th Congress it had jurisdiction over foreign agriculture and trade and was known as the Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture accordingly.

The Chair of the subcommittee is Republican Tracey Mann of Kansas. Its Ranking Member is Democrat Jim Costa of California.
House of Kamehameha
The House of Kamehameha (Hale O Kamehameha), or the Kamehameha dynasty, was the reigning royal family of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, beginning with its founding by Kamehameha I in 1795 and ending with the death of Kamehameha V in 1872 and Lunalilo in 1874. The kingdom continued for another 21 years, until its overthrow in 1893 with the fall of the House of Kalakaua.

Lunalilo
Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo; January 31, 1835 – February 3, 1874) was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later.

Born to Kekāuluohi and High Chief Charles Kanaʻina, he was of royal descent and a grandnephew of King Kamehameha I. He was educated at the Royal School by American missionaries and was proclaimed eligible for the throne by King Kamehameha III. After the death of King Kamehameha V, he was elected to the throne in 1873 by a unanimous decision of the legislature of the kingdom. Due to his popularity and status as Hawaii's first elected monarch, he became known as "The People's King". He died a year later from tuberculosis.
Johnny Dare
Johnny Dare (born John William Caprefoli; August 27, 1968) is an American radio personality. He was host of The Johnny Dare Morning Show the morning show for 98.9 The Rock in Mission, Kansas. He was let go on March 6, 2025 due to budget cuts from the parent company Audacy. He was one of the station's more prominent figures, and hosted the station's annual concert festival, Rockfest, which had grown to become the biggest one-day concert event in the country.

KQRC-FM
KQRC-FM (98.9 MHz, "98-9 The Rock") is a radio station licensed to Leavenworth, Kansas and serving the Kansas City metropolitan area. Its studios are located in Mission, Kansas, and its transmitter site is in South Kansas City. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc.
Accidental Love
Accidental Love is a 2015 American romantic comedy film directed by David O. Russell (under a pseudonym) and written by Kristin Gore, Matt Silverstein, and Dave Jeser, based on Gore's 2004 novel Sammy's Hill. The film stars Jessica Biel and Jake Gyllenhaal, and includes Kirstie Alley in her final film role.

Production started in 2008 under the title Nailed, but filming was frequently halted due to financial difficulties, leading to Russell quitting the project in 2010. The film was completed without his involvement and he has since disowned it, leaving the finished product credited to "Stephen Greene". The film was released online on February 10, 2015, before a limited release on March 20, 2015, by Millennium Entertainment. Accidental Love was panned by critics and was a massive financial failure, grossing a mere $139,436 against a $26 million production budget.

Alan Smithee
Alan Smithee (also Allen Smithee) is an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project. Coined by the Directors Guild of America in 1968, it was used until 2000 when it was largely discontinued. It was the sole pseudonym used by DGA members who were, on paper, directors of a film but were dissatisfied with the final product and able to prove to a guild panel that they had not been able to exercise creative control over its filming process. The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the project's director. The Alan Smithee credit has also been adopted for direction credit disputes in television, music videos and other media.
W. H. Lillard
Walter Huston "Cappy" Lillard (November 20, 1881 – June 30, 1967) was an American football coach and educator. He coached the Dartmouth College football team for one season in 1909 and amassed a 5–1–2 record. Lillard taught English and coached football at Phillips Academy, Andover, and later became the headmaster of the Tabor Academy.

Tabor Academy (Massachusetts)
Tabor Academy is an independent preparatory school located in Marion, Massachusetts, United States. Tabor is known for its marine science courses. Tabor's location on Sippican Harbor, Buzzards Bay, has earned it the name of "The School by the Sea" and the school continues to operate a 115-foot sail training vessel, the SSV Tabor Boy, as a hallmark program of the school. Tabor participates in the Independent School League (ISL) and is a member of the New England Preparatory School Athletic Council.
Đàn môi
Đàn môi (lit. 'lip lute') is the Vietnamese name of a traditional musical instrument widely used by the minority ethnic groups of Vietnam (including the Jrai "Rang Leh"). It was derived from the mouth harp of the Hmong people.

An inward-orientated lamellophone, the đàn môi is a noncomposite brass mouth harp. Unlike the jaw harp, which is held against the teeth while being played, the đàn môi is held against the lips while the lamella is plucked. This gives much more flexibility to the player, leaving them freer to shape their oral cavity as a resonance chamber to amplify the instrument. It is often enclosed in a wooden or bamboo box when stored.

Jew's harp
The Jew's harp, also known as jaw harp, juice harp, or mouth harp, is a lamellophone instrument, consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo tongue or reed attached to a frame. Despite the colloquial name, the Jew's harp most likely originated in China, with the earliest known Jew's harps dating back 4,000 years ago from Shaanxi. It has no relation to the Jewish people.

Jew's harps may be categorized as idioglot or heteroglot (whether or not the frame and the tine are one piece); by the shape of the frame (rod or plaque); by the number of tines, and whether the tines are plucked, joint-tapped, or string-pulled.
Limburg-Staffel–Siershahn railway
The Limburg-Staffel–Siershahn railway is a railway line between Limburg-Staffel, Montabaur and Siershahn in the Westerwald. The line, which is also known as the Unterwesterwaldbahn (Lower Westerwald Railway), runs through the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse.

Montabaur station
Montabaur station is a station at the 89.1 kilometre point of the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed railway and on the Limburg–Siershahn railway (Lower Westerwald Railway) in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The station, which is served by regional and long-distance passenger services and freight traffic, is on the outskirts of the town of Montabaur. It is aligned parallel with Autobahn 3 (A3), which runs immediately to the north.

The construction costs amounted to €23.6 million.