hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MedSTAR
SAAS MedSTAR is the specialist emergency medical retrieval service for the state of South Australia. MedStar is operated by SA Health through the SA Ambulance Service and is designed to respond to trauma, medical and disaster emergencies anywhere within the state. MedSTAR Kids is the paediatric and neonatal service provided by MedSTAR.

SA Ambulance Service
SA Ambulance Service (SAAS) is a State Government agency under SA Health, that provides emergency ambulance transport, clinical care and non emergency patient transport services to over 1.5 million people, distributed across an area of 1,043,514 square kilometres in South Australia, Australia.

The service employs approximately 1600 people, and utilizes 1200 volunteers, working out of 105 locations, operating 385 ambulance vehicles to provide emergency, non-emergency, aeromedical, rescue and retrieval services across the entire state.
Idaho Territory
The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho.

Historical regions of the United States
The territory of the United States and its overseas possessions has evolved over time, from the colonial era to the present day. It includes formally organized territories, proposed and failed states, unrecognized breakaway states, international and interstate purchases, cessions, and land grants, and historical military departments and administrative districts. The last section lists informal regions from American vernacular geography known by popular nicknames and linked by geographical, cultural, or economic similarities, some of which are still in use today.

For a more complete list of regions and subdivisions of the United States used in modern times, see List of regions of the United States.
Charles Shaughnessy
Charles George Patrick Shaughnessy, 5th Baron Shaughnessy (born 9 February 1955) is a British actor. His roles on American television include Shane Donovan on the soap opera Days of Our Lives,  Maxwell Sheffield on the sitcom The Nanny, and the voice of Dennis the Goldfish on Stanley for which he won a Daytime Emmy Award. He had recurring roles as Christopher Plover on The Magicians and St. John Powell on Mad Men. Shaughnessy was a series regular on ABC daytime soap opera General Hospital in the role of villain Victor Cassadine.

Along with his brother, David Shaughnessy, and Ophelia Soumekh, he is a partner in 3S Media Solutions Inc.

David Shaughnessy
David Shaughnessy is an English actor, producer and director known for his voice-work in Big Hero 6, Big Hero 6: The Series, Fallout 4, Labyrinth, Mass Effect, Peter Pan and the Pirates, Star Wars Rebels, The Darkness II, The Elder Scrolls and Warcraft. He has directed for shows such as Days of Our Lives, The Bold and the Beautiful and The Young and The Restless. He is the brother of actor Charles Shaughnessy.
Steven Caldwell
Steven Caldwell (born 12 September 1980) is a Scottish former footballer, coach, and executive. Playing  as a defender, mostly as a centre back, Caldwell won 12 caps for the Scotland national team and has played over 300 league matches in his career, primarily in the top three tiers of English football. Since retiring from playing, he has been working as a Major League Soccer analyst for TSN in Canada.

Caldwell is the president of League1 Ontario club Oakville Blue Devils FC and has served as the assistant coach of the Canada national team.

His younger brother Gary was also a defender and Scotland international and is currently the manager of Wigan Athletic.

Gary Caldwell
Gary Caldwell (born 12 April 1982) is a Scottish former professional footballer and coach who is the current manager of EFL League One club Wigan Athletic. Caldwell played for Newcastle United, Darlington, Coventry City, Derby County, Hibernian, Celtic, Wigan Athletic and won 55 international caps for Scotland.

Primarily considered a centre back, Caldwell was a versatile player; he was also deployed as a right back and defensive midfielder at various spells in his career. His elder brother, Steven, was also a footballer and they were at Wigan concurrently. As an international, he earned a place in the Scottish FA International Roll of Honour after gaining over 50 caps.

After retirement he went into coaching, and has managed Wigan Athletic, Chesterfield, Partick Thistle and Exeter City.
Heaton Lodge Junction
Heaton Lodge Junction is a railway junction on the Trans-Pennine line, which connects Manchester Piccadilly with Leeds via Huddersfield, and the Calder Valley Line through Sowerby Bridge to Wakefield. The line and junctions were historically important as they connected the industrialised areas of Lancashire and Yorkshire.

Huddersfield line
The Huddersfield line is the main railway line between the English cities of Leeds and Manchester, via Huddersfield. It is one of the busiest MetroTrain lines. The route travels south-south-west from Leeds through Dewsbury. After a short westward stretch through Mirfield, where it runs on the ex-L&YR section, it continues south-west through Huddersfield, using the Colne Valley to its headwaters. The long Standedge Tunnel, just after Marsden, crosses under the watershed; the majority of the run down to Manchester is in the Tame Valley. From Manchester, services either terminate, or continue to Manchester Airport or Liverpool.

In November 2011, the Government announced  that this route would be electrified, to be completed by 2022; however, there have been multiple delays. It is currently subject to the Transpennine Route Upgrade, which is an element of the Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands that was announced in November 2021.
Chateaubriand (dish)
Chateaubriand (French pronunciation: [ʃatobʁijɑ̃] ⓘ; sometimes called chateaubriand steak) is a dish that traditionally consists of a large front cut fillet of tenderloin grilled between two lesser pieces of meat that are discarded after cooking. While the term originally referred to the preparation of the dish, Auguste Escoffier named the specific front cut of the tenderloin the Chateaubriand.

In gastronomy of the 19th century, the steak for Chateaubriand could be cut from the sirloin, and served with a reduced sauce named Chateaubriand sauce or a similar, that was prepared with white wine and shallots moistened with demi-glace, and mixed with butter, tarragon, and lemon juice. It was also traditionally served with mushrooms.

Beef tenderloin
A beef tenderloin (US English), known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filetto in Italy, oxfilé in Sweden, filet in France, filet mignon in Brazil, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef.
John A. Miller
John A. Miller, born August John Mueller (1872 – June 24, 1941), was an American roller coaster designer and builder, inventor, and businessman. Miller patented over 100 key roller coaster components, and is widely considered the "father of the modern high-speed roller coaster." During his lifetime, he participated in the design of approximately 150 coasters and was a key business partner and mentor to other well-known roller coaster designers, including Harry C. Baker and John C. Allen.

Harry C. Baker
Harry C. Baker (1886 or 1887 – August 23, 1939) was an American entrepreneur most notable for his involvement with the construction of roller coasters.  Through partnerships and later, as president of the Harry C. Baker Company, Baker would be involved with notable designs such as the Cyclone at Coney Island, the Blue Streak at Woodcliffe Pleasure Park, and Jack Rabbit at Kennywood.
Oʼodham
The Oʼodham, Upper Oʼodham, or Upper Pima (Spanish: Pima Alto or Piatos) are a group of Native American peoples including the Akimel Oʼodham, the Tohono Oʼodham, and the Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham. Their historical territory is in the Sonoran Desert in southern and central Arizona and northern Sonora, and they are united by a common heritage language, the Oʼodham language. Today, many Oʼodham live in the Tohono Oʼodham Nation, the San Xavier Indian Reservation, the Gila River Indian Community, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, the Ak-Chin Indian Community or off-reservation in one of the cities or towns of Arizona.

They have also historically been referred to as Hímeris.

In the Oʼodham language, "Oʼodham" literally means "person," "man," or "human being."

Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community
The Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) comprises two distinct Native American tribes—the Pima (O'odham language: Onk Akimel O'odham, meaning "Salt River People") and the Maricopa (Maricopa language: Xalychidom Piipaash, meaning "people who live toward the water")—many of whom were originally part of the Halchidhoma (Xalchidom) tribe. The community was permanently created by an Executive Order of US President Rutherford B. Hayes on June 14th, 1879. The community area includes 53,600 acres (217 km2), of which 19,000 remain a natural preserve. As of 2022, the total population is 7,386. The community is a federally recognized tribe located in Arizona.

The community borders the Arizona cities of Scottsdale, Mesa, Tempe, and Fountain Hills.

The Great Seal of the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community is a representation of I'itoi, commonly referred to as the Man in the Maze.
Memory Eternal
Memory eternal is an exclamation, an encomium like the polychronion, used at the end of a Byzantine Rite funeral or memorial service, as followed by the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches. It is the liturgical counterpart to the Western Rite prayer "Eternal Rest."

Polychronion
The Polychronion (Greek: Πολυχρόνιον, "many years"; Georgian: მრავალჟამიერი, mravaljamieri; Church Slavonic: многая лѣта, romanized: mnogaya leta) is a solemn encomium chanted in the liturgy of the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches. In the Roman rite, it is the equivalent of the liturgical acclamation Ad multos annos.

The Polychronion is chanted for the secular authorities (Orthodox monarchs are mentioned by name, non-orthodox leaders are mentioned by title), the church authorities (the Patriarch or diocesan bishop), individuals on specific occasions, and the whole community of Orthodox Christians.
Nurbanu Sultan
Nurbanu Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: نور بانو سلطان; c. 1525 – 7 December 1583) was Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and legal wife of Ottoman Sultan Selim II  (r. 1566–1574), She served as Valide Sultan from 1574 until her death in 1583 as mother to Ottoman Sultan Murad III (r. 1574–1595), making her the first Ottoman queen to hold both titles and the first to do so by succession from her predecessors. She was one of the most prominent figures during the time of the Sultanate of Women.

Haseki sultan
Haseki Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: خاصکى سلطان, romanized: Hāṣekī Sulṭān, Turkish pronunciation: [haseˈci suɫˈtaːn]) was a title used for the favorite of an Ottoman sultan. It was created for Hürrem Sultan, the legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent. The title lost its exclusivity under Ibrahim, who bestowed it upon eight women simultaneously, but continued to be used until the 17th century, when kadın became the highest-ranking title for imperial concubines.
Hutton Conyers
Hutton Conyers is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It is situated near the River Ure and 1-mile (1.6 km) north-east of Ripon.  The parish extends from the River Ure to the A1(M) motorway, and includes the village of Nunwick.

Nunwick
Nunwick is a hamlet in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It is about 1 mile north-east of Ripon.

Nunwick was historically a township in the ancient parish of Ripon in the West Riding of Yorkshire.  The township included two detached parts (a house and a farm) at Howgrave in the parish of Kirklington in the North Riding of Yorkshire.  The township, with its detached parts, became the civil parish of Nunwick cum Howgrave in 1866.  Later in the 19th century the detached parts in the North Riding were transferred to the civil parishes of Howgrave and Sutton with Howgrave, although the parish name remained Nunwick cum Howgrave.

In 1974 the parish was transferred to the new county of North Yorkshire.  The population of the parish was only 31 in 1961, and in 1988 it was absorbed into the civil parish of Hutton Conyers. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Lord Frederick Cambridge
Lord Frederick Cambridge (Frederick Charles Edward, born Prince Frederick of Teck; 24 September 1907 – 15 May 1940) was a relative of the British royal family. He was the younger son of Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, formerly the Duke of Teck, and a nephew of Queen Mary and King George V.

Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge
Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge (Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus; 13 August 1868 – 24 October 1927), born Prince Adolphus of Teck and later the Duke of Teck, was a relative of the British royal family, a great-grandson of King George III and younger brother of Queen Mary. In 1900, he succeeded his father as Duke of Teck in the Kingdom of Württemberg. He relinquished his German titles in 1917 to become Marquess of Cambridge.
Oboe d'amore
The oboe d'amore (Italian for 'love oboe'; (pronounced [ˈɔːboe daˈmoːre]), less commonly hautbois d'amour (French: [obwɑ damuʁ]), is a double reed woodwind musical instrument in the oboe family. Slightly larger than the oboe, it has a less assertive and a more tranquil and serene tone, and is considered the mezzo-soprano of the oboe family, between the oboe (soprano) and the cor anglais, or English horn, (alto). It is a transposing instrument, sounding a minor third lower than it is notated, i.e. in A, so it can also be known as a Mezzo-Soprano Oboe. The bell (called Liebesfuß) is pear-shaped and the instrument uses a  crook or bocal, similar to but shorter than that of the cor anglais.

Cor anglais
The cor anglais (UK: /ˌkɔːr ˈɒŋɡleɪ/, US: /- ɑːŋˈɡleɪ/ or original French: [kɔʁ ɑ̃ɡlɛ]; plural: cors anglais), or English horn (mainly North America), is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe, making it essentially an alto oboe in F.

The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe (a C instrument). This means that music for the cor anglais is written a perfect fifth higher than the instrument sounds. The fingering and playing technique used for the cor anglais are essentially the same as those of the oboe, and oboists typically double on the cor anglais when required.  The cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B♭ key found on most oboes, and so its sounding range stretches from E3 (written B♮) below middle C to C6 two octaves above middle C. Some versions have a Low B♭ key to extend the range down one more note to sounding E♭3.
Dorida
Dorida (Greek: Δωρίδα) is a municipality in the Phocis regional unit of the Central Greece Region of Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Lidoriki. It has an area of 998.893 km2 and a population of 12,304.

Lidoriki
Lidoriki (Greek: Λιδωρίκι, Katharevousa: Λιδωρίκιον) is a village and a former municipality in Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Dorida, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The area of the municipal unit is 409.577 km², covering nearly one-fifth of Phocis. Lidoriki is built on the western slopes of Mount Giona and over the Mornos river valley.  It is the centre of the mountains of Dorida.
Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)
Andronikos Doukas (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Δούκας, romanized: Andrónikos Doúkās, c. 1057 – c. 1077 or after 1081), Latinized as Andronicus Ducas, was the third son of Byzantine emperor Constantine X Doukas (r. 1059–1067) and younger brother of Byzantine emperor Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078). Unlike his other brothers, he was not named junior co-emperor by his father, and was raised to the dignity only by Romanos IV Diogenes (r. 1068–1071). He is otherwise relatively insignificant, and was not involved in the affairs of state to any degree.

Constantine X Doukas
Constantine X Doukas or Ducas (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Δούκας, romanized: Kōnstantīnos Doúkās; c. 1006 – 23 May 1067), was Byzantine emperor from 1059 to 1067. He was the founder of the Doukid dynasty. During his reign, the Normans took over much of the remaining Byzantine territories in Italy, while in the Balkans the Hungarians occupied Belgrade. He also suffered defeats by the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan.
Army Group Centre
Army Group Centre (German: Heeresgruppe Mitte) was the name of two distinct strategic German Army Groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II. The first Army Group Centre was created during the planning of Operation Barbarossa, Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, as one of the three German Army formations assigned to the invasion.

After Army Group North was trapped in the Courland Pocket in mid-1944, it was renamed to Army Group Courland and the first Army Group Centre was renamed "Army Group North". The second iteration of Army Group Centre was formed by the redesignation of Army Group A as the replacement for the first Army Group Centre.

Army Group Courland
Army Group Courland (German: Heeresgruppe Kurland) was a German Army Group on the Eastern Front. It was created from remnants of the Army Group North, isolated in the Courland Peninsula by the advancing Soviet Army forces during the 1944 Baltic Offensive of the Second World War. The army group remained isolated in the Courland Pocket until the end of World War II in Europe. All units of the Army Group were ordered to surrender by the capitulated Wehrmacht command on 8 May 1945.

At the time agreed for all German armed forces to end hostilities (see the German Instrument of Surrender, 1945), the Sixteenth and Eighteenth armies of Army Group Courland, commanded by General (of Infantry) Carl Hilpert, ended hostilities at 23:00, on 8 May 1945, surrendering to Leonid Govorov, commander of the Leningrad Front. By the evening of 9 May 1945 189,000 German troops, including 42 officers in the rank of general, in the Courland Pocket had surrendered.
New York Life Investments
New York Life Investment Management LLC is a U.S. investment management company based in Jersey City, New Jersey. Founded in 1986, New York Life Investment's parent company is New York Life Insurance Company, the largest mutual life-insurance company in the United States, and one of the largest life insurers in the world, ranking #71 on the 2023 Fortune 500 list.

New York Life Investments offers investors access to institutional money management through its mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), separately managed accounts, and non-traditional strategies. New York Life Investments has over $750 billion USD in assets under management as of 2024.

New York Life Insurance Company
New York Life Insurance Company (NYLIC), most commonly known as New York Life, is the second-largest life insurance company and the largest mutual life insurance company in the United States,  and is ranked #69 on the 2025 Fortune 500 list of the largest U.S. corporations by total revenue. In 2025, NYLIC achieved the best possible ratings by the four independent rating companies (Standard & Poor's, AM Best, Moody's and Fitch Ratings). Other New York Life affiliates provide an array of securities products and services, as well as institutional and retail mutual funds.
Bras Rocheux
The Bras Rocheux is a tributary of the Bras d'Hamel, flowing in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The course of the river successively crosses:

the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality;

the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk of the same MRC;

the city of Saguenay (city).

The route 381 serves the western side of the Ha! Ha! River And cut the lower part of the "Bras Rocheux". A few other secondary forest roads serve the Arms of the "Bras Rocheux" Valley, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Rocky Arm is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.

Bras d'Hamel
The Bras d'Hamel is a stream flowing in the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau (MRC of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality) and in the city of Saguenay (city), in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The "Bras d'Hamel" valley is served mainly by the route 381 which runs along its entire course for forestry, agriculture and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of "Bras d'Hamel" is usually frozen from early December to late March, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March.
To each according to his contribution
"To each according to his contribution" is a principle of distribution considered to be one of the defining features of socialism. It refers to an arrangement whereby individual compensation is representative of one's contribution to the social product (total output of the economy) in terms of effort, labor and productivity. This is in contrast to the method of distribution and compensation in capitalism, an economic and political system in which property owners can receive income by virtue of ownership irrespective of their contribution to the social product.

The concept formed the basic definition of socialism for its pre-Marxist proponents, including Ricardian socialists, classical economists, collectivist anarchists and individualist anarchists, as well as for Marx, who contrasted it with "to each according to his need" as the corresponding principle of completed communism.

From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" (German: Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen) is a slogan popularised by Karl Marx in his 1875 Critique of the Gotha Programme. The principle refers to free access to goods and services. In the Marxist view, such an arrangement will be made possible by the abundance of goods and services that a developed communist system will be capable to produce; the idea is that, with the full development of socialism and unfettered productive forces, there will be enough to satisfy everyone's needs.
Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway
The Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, informally called the Rock Creek Parkway, is a parkway maintained by the National Park Service as part of Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. It runs next to the Potomac River and Rock Creek in a generally north–south direction, carrying four lanes of traffic from the Lincoln Memorial and Arlington Memorial Bridge north to a junction with Beach Drive near Connecticut Avenue at Calvert Street, N.W., just south of the National Zoological Park. During rush hours, the parkway is converted to one-way traffic corresponding to the peak direction of travel: southbound in the morning and northbound in the afternoon.

The Parkway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 2005. Built from 1923 to 1936, it is "one of the best-preserved examples of the earliest stage of motor parkway development".

Connecticut Avenue
Connecticut Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., and suburban Montgomery County, Maryland. It is one of the diagonal avenues radiating from the White House. The segment south of Florida Avenue was one of the original streets in the 1791 L'Enfant Plan for the new capital city. The five-mile segment north of Rock Creek was built in the 1890s by a real-estate developer.