hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. Compared to other amino acids, methionine has particularly decisive biosynthetic roles. It is the precursor to the amino acid cysteine and the pervasive methylation agent rSAM. Methionine is required for protein synthesis, which is initiated by N-formylmethionine-sRNA.

Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. It is encoded by the codon AUG. It was named by Satoru Odake in 1925, as an abbreviation of its structural description 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.

Cysteine
Cysteine (/ˈsɪstɪiːn/; symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HS−CH2−CH(NH2)−COOH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine are found in nature. L‑Cysteine is a protein monomer in all biota, and D-cysteine acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian nervous systems. Cysteine is named after its discovery in urine, which comes from the urinary bladder or cyst, from Greek κύστις kýstis, "bladder".

The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well.

When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.

Cysteine is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC.
Oudomxay province
Oudomxay (alternates: Oudômxai or Moung Xai; Lao: ອຸດົມໄຊ, pronounced [ʔú.dòm.sáj]) is a province of Laos, located in the northwest of the country. Its capital is Muang Xai. It covers an area of 15,370 square kilometres (5,930 sq mi). It borders China to the north, Phongsali province to the northeast, Luang Prabang province to the east and southeast, Xaignabouli province to the south and southwest, Bokeo province to the west, and Luang Namtha province to the northwest. Its topography is mountainous, between 300–1,800 metres (980–5,910 ft) above sea level.

Besides rice, other local crops are corn, soybeans, fruits, vegetables, cassava (maniok), sugarcane, tobacco, cotton wool, tea and peanuts. In 2004, approximately 10,000 tons of sugarcane and 45,000 tons of corn were produced there.

Luang Prabang province
Luang Prabang (also Louangphabang, Lao: ຫລວງພະບາງ, pronounced [lǔaŋ pʰā(ʔ).bàːŋ]) is a province in northern Laos. Its capital of the same name, Luang Prabang, was the capital of the  Lan Xang Kingdom during the 13th to 16th centuries. It is listed since 1995 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site for unique architectural, religious and cultural heritage, a blend of the rural and urban developments over centuries, including the French colonial influences during the 19th and 20th centuries. The province has 12 districts.
Ask price
Ask price (also called offer price, offer, selling price, asking price, or simply ask) is the price a seller is willing to accept.

The seller may qualify the stated asking price as firm or negotiable. Firm means the seller is implying that the price is fixed and will not change.

In bid and ask, the term ask price is used in contrast to the term bid price. The difference between the bid price and the ask price is called the spread.

Bid–ask spread
The bid–ask spread (also bid–offer or bid/ask and buy/sell in the case of a market maker) is the difference between the prices quoted (either by a single market maker or in a limit order book) for an immediate sale (ask) and an immediate purchase (bid) for stocks, futures contracts, options, or currency pairs in some auction scenario. The size of the bid–ask spread in a security is one measure of the liquidity of the market and of the size of the transaction cost. If the spread is 0 then it is a frictionless asset.
Social semiotics
Social semiotics (also social semantics) is a branch of the field of semiotics which investigates human signifying practices in specific social and cultural circumstances, and which tries to explain meaning-making as a social practice. Semiotics, as originally defined by Ferdinand de Saussure, is "the science of the life of signs in society". Social semiotics expands on Saussure's founding insights by exploring the implications of the fact that the "codes" of language and communication are formed by social processes. The crucial implication here is that meanings and semiotic systems are shaped by relations of power, and that as power shifts in society, our languages and other systems of socially accepted meanings can and do change.

Meaning-making
In psychology, meaning-making is the process of how people (and other living beings) construe, understand, or make sense of life events, relationships, and the self.

The term is widely used in constructivist approaches to counseling psychology and psychotherapy, especially during bereavement in which people attribute some sort of meaning to an experienced death or loss. The term is also used in educational psychology.

In a broader sense, meaning-making is the main research object of semiotics, biosemiotics, and other fields. Social meaning-making is the main research object of social semiotics and related disciplines.
Octagón
Octagón (born March 27, 1961) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado (masked professional wrestler). He is best known for working for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), having worked for the company since it was founded in 1992. In 2011 he was inducted into the promotion's Hall of Fame. Octagón formed a tag team with El Hijo Del Santo to take on Los Gringos Locos (Eddie Guerrero and Art Barr) in a double mask versus hair match on the first pay-per-view put on by a Mexican wrestling promotion to air in the United States. Over the years the Octagón gimmick has spawned a Mascot called Octagoncito and an "Evil clone" known as Pentagón. In 2014, Escalera quit AAA.

Octagoncito
Octagoncito (born April 24, 1974) is a Mexican Luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler, who works in the Mini-Estrellas ("Mini-Stars") division on the Mexican Independent circuit. He is the first wrestler to work as Octagoncito, with Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) giving the same ring character to a second Octagoncito when the original one left the promotion in 1995. Octagoncito's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. In addition to working for AAA Octagoncito has also worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Lucha Libre USA, World Wrestling Federation (WWE), World Championship Wrestling (WCW) New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and a slew of smaller wrestling promotions. Working in the Mini division does not necessarily mean that Octagoncito has dwarfism, as short wrestlers can also work in the "Mini" division.
Serra de la Vall d'àngel
Serra de la Valldàngel or Serra de la Vall d'Àngel, (Spanish: Sierra de la Valdancha, also known as Sierra de Valdancha), is a mountain range in the Baix Maestrat comarca, Castellón Province, Valencian Community, Spain.

Its highest summit is Tossal d'en Canes (715 m), being slightly higher than neighboring Talaies d'Alcalà's highest summit. Another important peak is 520 m high El Cavall.

The range is named "Valley of the Angel" after the Ermita de la Mare de Déu dels Àngels de Sant Mateu, a church on a hill dedicated to the Virgin Mary of the angels. Its southern and southeastern limit is within Alcalà de Xivert's municipal term. The Talaies d'Alcalà mountains form a natural boundary at the southeastern end of the range.

Talaies d'Alcalà
Talaies d'Alcalà (Valencian pronunciation: [taˈlajez ðalkaˈla], Spanish: Atalayas de Alcalá), also known as Serra de les Talaies or simply Les Talaies, is a 21.5 km long mountain range in the Baix Maestrat comarca, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is Talaia Grossa (635 m).

Talaies, the name of the range, means "watchtowers" in Catalan, which is derived from Arabic, and refers to ancient battles fought in the area since Iberian times. Alcalà refers to the town of Alcalà de Xivert located in the plain below the mountains.
Rajkot–Rewa Superfast Express
The 22937/22938 Rajkot–Rewa Superfast Express is a Superfast train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Rajkot Junction and Rewa Terminal in India. It is currently being operated with 22937/22938 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Rewa Terminal railway station
Rewa Terminal railway station is a main railway station in Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh. Its code is REWA. It serves Rewa city. The station consists of five platforms. The station is terminal on Satna–Rewa branch line which is a  Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line.
Amílcar Cabral International Airport
Amílcar Cabral International Airport (IATA: SID, ICAO: GVAC), also known as Sal International Airport, is the main international airport of Cape Verde. The airport is named after the revolutionary leader Amílcar Cabral. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west-southwest from Espargos on Sal Island. Sal is the main hub for the national airline, Cabo Verde Airlines; and serves as a base for carrier Cabo Verde Express. This airport was also one of NASA's locations for a facility to handle the Space Shuttle after reentering from orbit.

Cabo Verde Airlines
Cabo Verde Airlines, formerly named TACV, is an international airline based in Cape Verde. It connects  three continents with non-stop flights from their hub at Amílcar Cabral International Airport on Sal Island.
Viannos massacres
The Viannos massacres were a mass extermination campaign launched by German forces against the civilian residents of around 20 villages located in the areas of east Viannos and west Ierapetra provinces on the Greek island of Crete during World War II. The killings, with a death toll in excess of 500, were carried out on 14–16 September 1943 by Wehrmacht units. They were accompanied by the burning of most villages, looting, and the destruction of harvests.

The loss of life amounted to one of the deadliest massacres during the Axis occupation of Greece, second only to the massacre of Kalavryta. It was ordered by Generalleutnant Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller, in retaliation for the support and involvement of the local population in the Cretan resistance. Müller, who earned the nickname "the Butcher of Crete", was executed after the war for his part in this and other massacres.

Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller (29 August 1897 – 20 May 1947) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He led an infantry regiment in the early stages of the war and by 1943 was commander of the 22nd Air Landing Division. Under his orders, troops of the division committed atrocities against Greek civilians. He was later commander of occupied Crete and his harsh methods of controlling the island saw him nicknamed "The Butcher of Crete." After the war he was convicted and executed by a Greek court for war crimes.
Voyage Century Online
Voyage Century Online (航海世纪/王者世紀) is a free-to-play nautical MMORPG developed by Snail Games and published by IGG. It was the first game developed by Snail after its founding in 2000. The game is set in the 16th century and features accurate historical representations of several coastal cities. Players are not required to choose a career path at the beginning of the game. This gives players a rather varied gameplay in which they can either specialize in one skill and trade for resources, or make use of all the skills.

Snail (company)
Suzhou Snail Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 蜗牛 苏州蜗牛数字科技股份有限公司; pinyin: Wōniú sūzhōu wōniú shùzì kējì gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī), doing business as Snail (Chinese: 蜗牛; pinyin: Wōniú), is a Chinese video game company and a Virtual Network Operator headquartered in Suzhou, China, which has branches Snail Games and Snail Mobile. Its division, Snail USA, markets Snail Games products in North America, South America, & Europe. Snail Games products include massively multiplayer online (MMOs), real-time strategy (RTS), and casual games. Its global registered user base has reached over 70 million accounts. The U.S. operation anticipated the launch of its portal for Western audiences in Q2 2011, PlaySnail.com.
KTLH (FM)
KTLH (107.9 FM) is a Connoisseur Media radio station, licensed to Hallsville, Texas, United States, and serves the Longview area with a Regional Mexican format, as a simulcast with KOYE in Frankston, Texas. Studios are located on Broadway Avenue in downtown Tyler; transmitter site is located in unincorporated Harrison County, northeast of Ashland, Texas.

KTLH signed on as the simulcast partner of Regional Mexican formatted 96.7 KOYE Frankston "La Invasora", replacing the lost coverage of former simulcast partner 92.3 KCUL-FM Marshall.

KTLH was taken dark on May 8, 2025, in anticipation of transferring the license for the station to Rose Capital City Trust, who will be responsible for divesture of the license if Connoisseur Media is not granted a waiver to own the station as part of its deal to purchase the entirety of Alpha Media's company portfolio. The station has currently been granted a 180 day reprieve from broadcasting.

KOYE
KOYE (96.7 FM) is a Connoisseur Media radio station, licensed to Frankston, Texas, United States, serving the Tyler-Longview market with a regional Mexican format in full simulcast with sister station KTLH Hallsville. KOYE's signal covers the western half of the Tyler-Longview market.  Studios are located on Broadway Avenue in downtown Tyler; the transmitter site is located northwest of Jacksonville, Texas.
Harold Clyde Bingham
Harold Clyde Bingham (January 21, 1888 – August 26, 1964) was an American psychologist and primatologist. He spent his early career as a psychology professor, interrupting this to join the United States Army during World War I. He joined the faculty of Yale University in 1925 and studied under the supervision of Robert Yerkes. Yerkes, a psychology professor, had an interest in primates, and Bingham also entered this field. He led a 1929-30 expedition to the Belgian Congo to study gorillas in the wild. Though hampered by the size of the expedition, Bingham managed to get close to several troops of the animals and record details of their behavior. Upon his return to the United States he joined the Civil Works Administration and the Emergency Relief Administration. Bingham later worked with the National Youth Administration and, during World War II, rejoined the US Army. After the war Bingham served as a senior psychologist with the Veterans Administration.

Robert Yerkes
Robert Mearns Yerkes (/ˈjɜːrkiːz/; May 26, 1876 – February 3, 1956) was an American psychologist, ethologist, eugenicist and primatologist best known for his work in intelligence testing and in the field of comparative psychology.

Yerkes was a pioneer in the study both of human and primate intelligence and of the social behavior of gorillas and chimpanzees.  Along with John D. Dodson, Yerkes developed the Yerkes–Dodson law relating arousal to performance.

As time went on, Yerkes began to propagate his support for eugenics in the 1910s and 1920s. His works are largely considered  by modern academics to be biased toward outmoded racialist theories.

He also served on the board of trustees of Science Service, now known as Society for Science & the Public, from 1921 to 1925. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1915, the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1923, and the American Philosophical Society in 1936.
Acacius of Caesarea
Acacius of Caesarea (Greek: Ἀκάκιος; date of birth unknown, died in 366) was a Christian bishop probably originating from Syria; Acacius was the pupil and biographer of Eusebius and his successor on the see of Caesarea Palestina. Acacius is remembered chiefly for his bitter opposition to Cyril of Jerusalem and for the part he was afterwards enabled to play in the more acute stages of the Arian controversy. The Acacian theological movement is named after him. In the twenty-first oration of St. Gregory Nazianzen, the author speaks of Acacius as being "the tongue of the Arians".

Cyril of Jerusalem
Cyril of Jerusalem (Greek: Κύριλλος Α΄ Ἱεροσολύμων, Kýrillos A΄ Hierosolýmōn; Latin: Cyrillus Hierosolymitanus; c. 313 – 386) was a theologian of the Early Church. About the end of AD 350, he succeeded Maximus as Bishop of Jerusalem, but was exiled on more than one occasion due to the enmity of Acacius of Caesarea, and the policies of various emperors. Cyril left important writings documenting the instruction of catechumens and the order of the Liturgy in his day and his old age

Cyril is venerated as a saint within the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. In 1883, Cyril was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Leo XIII.

The Roman Catholic Church maintains an Optional Memorial for Cyril on 18 March. Cyril is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 18 March. He should not be confused with Cyril of Alexandria.
Gell-Mann matrices
The Gell-Mann matrices, developed by Murray Gell-Mann, are a set of eight linearly independent 3×3 traceless Hermitian matrices  used in the study of the strong interaction in particle physics.
They span the  Lie algebra of the SU(3) group in the defining representation.

Hermitian matrix
In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a  square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element in the i-th row and j-th column is equal to the complex conjugate of the element in the j-th row and i-th column, for all indices i and j. In index form, or in matrix form:

Hermitian matrices can be understood as the complex extension of real symmetric matrices.

If the conjugate transpose of a matrix  is denoted by  then the Hermitian property can be written concisely as

Hermitian matrices are named after Charles Hermite, who demonstrated in 1855 that matrices of this form share a property with real symmetric matrices of always having real eigenvalues. Other, equivalent notations in common use are  although in quantum mechanics,  typically means the complex conjugate only, and not the conjugate transpose.
Pedro Yap
Pedro López Yap (July 1, 1918 – November 20, 2003) was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1988. He briefly served for two and a half months from April 19, 1988, to June 30, 1988, the shortest in history until Chief Justice Teresita de Castro surpassed that record. He worked in the notable Salonga, Ordoñez, Yap & Associates Law Offices, named after Jovito Salonga and Justice Secretary Sedfrey Ordoñez.

He served as a delegate to the 1971 Constitutional Convention, where he proposed the inclusion of an Article on Socio-economic Rights. On February 14, 1976, his 24-year-old son Manny was taken by military authorities in Quezon City during martial law and disappeared.

Jovito Salonga
Jovito Reyes Salonga, KGCR (Tagalog pronunciation: [hoˈvito sɐˈlɔŋga]; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) also called "Ka Jovy," was a Filipino lawyer and politician, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the declaration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was then elected as the 14th president of the Senate of the Philippines and the first one after the new Constitution was just ratified, serving from 1987 up to his retirement from politics in 1992.

Salonga was known as the "Nation's Premier Fiscalizer." He is the only person to top the bar exam and the senatorial race multiple times (with the sole record of three elections garnering the highest number of popular votes in 1965, 1971, and 1987 immediately after People Power).
Mainline Freight
Mainline Freight was a trainload rail freight operator based in Islington, London, England with operations extending to Yorkshire in the north and Somerset in the west. It was formed from part of British Rail's Trainload Freight division as part of the privatisation of British Rail.

Mainline Freight, Loadhaul and Transrail were purchased by a consortium led by Wisconsin Central in 1996 and amalgamated into a new company, English Welsh & Scottish.

Loadhaul
Loadhaul Ltd. was a railfreight operator based in the north-east of the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1994, as part of the privatisation of British Rail, and acquired in 1996 by a consortium headed by Wisconsin Central, then merged into a new company English Welsh & Scottish Railway. It is now part of DB Cargo.
Baron Thomson of Fleet
Baron Thomson of Fleet, of Northbridge in the City of Edinburgh, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1964 for Roy Thomson, a Canadian-born newspaper magnate. He was succeeded in 1976 by his son, the second baron. As of 2020, the title is held by the first Baron's grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 2006.

Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet
Roy Herbert Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet, GBE (5 June 1894 – 4 August 1976) was a Canadian-born British newspaper proprietor who became one of the moguls of Fleet Street in London.

He first came to prominence when he was selling radios in Ontario, and to give his customers more programmes to listen to, decided to launch his own radio station. He then moved into newspapers, becoming as wealthy and important in Canada as the press barons in the United Kingdom. He aspired to a peerage but was denied it unless he moved residence to the UK. He invited British newspaper owners to sell to him, with The Scotsman being the first to do so. He later formed a commercial television company, and gained the first ITV franchise in Scotland, Scottish Television, which today is known as STV. From the substantial profits of commercial television, he bought many titles such as The Times and Kemsley Newspapers which published The Sunday Times.
South Shore Trail
The South Shore Trail is a 11.2-mile (18.0 km) long, planned shared-use rail trail that will run from Annapolis to Odenton in Maryland, United States. Two segments, totaling 2.96-mile (4.76 km) have been built. The  Trail primarily utilizes the abandoned road bed of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad. The trail will connect with the Colonial Annapolis Maritime Trail on the east and the Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Trail, via the Odenton Bike Path, on the west. When complete, it will be a component of the American Discovery Trail, the East Coast Greenway and the September 11th National Memorial Trail. The trail name is a reference to the railroad it replaces which during its last 10 years in operation was known as the South Shore Division because it ran along the south shore of the Severn River.

Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Trail
The Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Trail (WB&A) is an 11.7-mile (18.8 km) long rail trail from Lanham to Odenton in Maryland. The trail gets its name from the Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railway on whose right-of-way it runs, but does not connect to any of the cities in its name.

The trail formerly existed in two separate pieces, one in Anne Arundel County and the other in Prince George's County, separated by the Patuxent River.  Construction of a bridge over the river was delayed for over two decades due to a property dispute; however, the trail was realigned and design of the bridge began in 2002. It was completed in spring of 2025 with a grand opening later.

Additional plans exist to extend the trail southward to the Washington, D.C. border.

The WB&A Trail makes up part of both the East Coast Greenway - from Calais, Maine to Key West, Florida - and the American Discovery Trail - from the Atlantic coast of Delaware to San Francisco, California.