hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Tiger (1900)
HMS Tiger was a torpedo boat destroyer of the Royal Navy. Built by John Brown on Clydebank as a three funnel 30-knot destroyer on speculation she was purchased by the Royal Navy under the 1899 – 1900 Naval Estimates.

In 1908, she collided with the armoured cruiser HMS Berwick during a night exercise and sank.

HMS Berwick (1902)
HMS Berwick was one of 10 Monmouth-class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was assigned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion in 1903 and was transferred to the Home Fleet in 1906. She accidentally rammed and sank a British destroyer in 1908. Berwick was refitted in 1908–09 before she was transferred to the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station later that year.

She captured a German merchant ship shortly after World War I began. The ship patrolled for German commerce raiders and escorted convoys for the war. Berwick was assigned to the 8th Light Cruiser Squadron in 1919 before she was paid off and sold for scrap in 1920.
Directorate of State Forestry (Denmark)
The Directorate of State Forestry (Danish: Direktoratet for Statsskovbruget) was created by Law 134 on May 13, 1911. It replaced the previous overførsterinspektorater and forest steward districts. Its duties consisted primarily of management of the Danish state forests.

On June 19, 1975, the Directorate of State Forestry became the Forest Service (Danish: Skovstyrelsen), which in 1987 changed its name to the Forest and Nature Agency (Danish: Skov- og Naturstyrelsen).

Danish Nature Agency
The Danish Nature Agency (Danish: Naturstyrelsen) is part of the Ministry of Environment (Danish: Miljøministeriet), and deals with a number of tasks in nature conservation and forestry. In addition, the agency is in charge of operation and administration of the state-owned forests and the rest of Miljøministeriet's areas.  The agency advises the Secretary of State and the Government, and administers Danish planning law as to what makes it into the state's center for regional planning. The Forest and Nature Agency's sphere of operation is determined by Order nr. 963 as of 21 September 2004 and Order nr. 1485 as of 20 December 2005.
Sandy Parker
Sandy Parker (November 1, 1944 – June 2022) was a Canadian professional wrestler. She debuted in 1969, wrestling in Canada, the United States, and Japan. In Japan, she worked for All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling, holding numerous titles, and she was the first Black woman to win the WWWA World Single Championship in 1973. She also had an unofficial NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship reign with partner Sue Green. Wrestling journalist and historian Dave Meltzer has categorised Parker as "one of the best women professional wrestlers of the early 1970s".

Sue Green
Susan Tex Green (born August 13, 1953) is an American professional wrestler. She began wrestling at the age of 15 and was trained by Joe Blanchard. She was the frequent tag team partner of Sandy Parker, with whom she won the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA)'s NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship. The title reign, however, is unrecognized. In 1976, Green was recognized by Pro Wrestling Illustrated as the Girl Wrestler of the Year. In 1992, she joined the Professional Girl Wrestling Association, holding the promotion's championship and later acting as commissioner.
PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").

CCIR System D
CCIR System D is an analog broadcast television system used in Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Albania, and the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus paired with the PAL/SECAM colour.

Initially known as the I.B.T.O. 625-line system this was the first 625-line system, developed by Mark Krivosheev in 1948, and later associated with the SECAM and PAL color systems. Used on VHF only in most countries, it usually combined with System K on UHF. In China, it is used for both VHF and UHF.
Neuss Hauptbahnhof
Neuss Central Station (Neuss Hauptbahnhof) is the railway station for the city of Neuss in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The main station building is built on a platform between the tracks and it is located at the junction of the Lower Left Rhine Railway (Linksniederrheinische Strecke, Cologne–Kleve) and the Mönchengladbach–Düsseldorf railway. These lines also connect with the Düren–Neuss railway and the Neuss–Viersen railway; the latter has ended since 1984 at Kaarster See station and is operated by the private Regiobahn company.

The station is a transport hub, served by various rail services, a Stadtbahn line, a tram line and a bus station with eight bays in the station forecourt. Neuss station houses several shops, including a restaurant, a snack bar and a kiosk. In 2006, it was modernised, with two of its four platforms equipped with lifts for wheelchair users. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station.

Mönchengladbach–Düsseldorf railway
The Mönchengladbach–Düsseldorf railway is a 24 km long main line on the left (western) bank of the Rhine in the Lower Rhine region of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has at least two tracks with continuous overhead electrification. The line was built by the Aachen-Düsseldorf-Ruhrort Railway Company and is one of the oldest lines in Germany, opened in 1853 and 1854.
Lichtenstein radar
The Lichtenstein radar was among the earliest airborne radars available to the Luftwaffe in World War II and the first one used exclusively for air interception. Developed by Telefunken, it was available in at least four major revisions, called FuG 202 Lichtenstein B/C, FuG 212 Lichtenstein C-1, FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 and the very rarely used FuG 228 Lichtenstein SN-3. (FuG is short for Funk-Gerät, radio set). The Lichtenstein series remained the only widely deployed airborne interception radar used by the Germans on their night fighters during the war — the competing FuG 216 through 218 Neptun mid-VHF band radar systems were meant as a potentially more versatile stop-gap system through 1944, until the microwave-based FuG 240 "Berlin" could be mass-produced; the Berlin system was still being tested when the war ended.

Neptun (radar)
Neptun (Neptune) was the code name of a series of low-to-mid-VHF band airborne intercept radar devices developed by Germany in World War II and used as active targeting devices in several types of aircraft. They were usually combined with a "backwards warning device", indicated by the addition of the letters "V/R" Vorwärts/Rückwärts, meaning Forward/Backward). Working in the metre range, Neptun was meant as a stop-gap until scheduled SHF-band devices became available (for instance the FuG 240/E cavity magnetron-based FuG 240 Berlin AI radar).

Transceiving antennas used for Neptun on twin-engined night fighters usually used a Hirschgeweih (stag's antlers) eight-dipole array with shorter elements than the previous 90 MHz SN-2 radar had used or as an experimental fitment, the 90°-crossed twin-element set Yagi based Morgenstern single-mast-mounted array.
Training stamp
A training stamp is a label resembling a postage stamp that is used by postal authorities to train postal workers. They generally have the same size and shape as regular stamps, but with a minimal design. Alternatively, several countries have simply obliterated their regular stamps in order to make the training process more realistic, for instance Sudan and the United Kingdom.

In some cases, training stamps may be interchangeable with test stamps though test stamps do not need to have a range of values to assist with training postal workers. Although training stamps are not normally available to the general public, some have found their way into private hands, and they are a recognised stamp collecting speciality. Training stamps are a form of cinderella stamp.

Test stamp
A test stamp is a label resembling a postage stamp that is used by postal authorities for testing equipment. They generally have the same size and shape as regular stamps, but with a minimal design. Although not normally made available to the general public, some have found their way into private hands, and they are a recognised stamp collecting speciality.

Test stamps are a form of cinderella stamp and in the United States are also commonly referred to as dummy stamps.

In some countries there may be cross-over between test and training stamps but while test stamps do not need any stated value, training stamps are often produced in a variety or values or are genuine stamps cancelled by bars as this assists with the training process.
Iwuchukwu Ezeifekaibeya
Igwe Iwuchukwu Ezeifekaibeya// ⓘ (1855–1904)  was the 17th Obi of Otolo and Igwe of Nnewi kingdom in the present day Anambra state of Nigeria. He is a member of the Nnofo Royal lineage and the successor to his father Igwe Okafo.

He sat on the throne of his ancestors until his death in 1904, the same year that the British colonists arrived at Nnewi.
The kingdom was mourning the passing of the King and one of the most influential Chiefs and brother of the late king, Nwosu Odumegwu (Eze Odumegwu), was asked to be the Warrant chief of Nnewi by the British Colonial Administration led by Major Moorehouse; he refused.

Igwe of Nnewi kingdom
The Nnewi Kingdom is an Igbo Nigerian traditional state with a tetrarchy system in Nnewi, Anambra State. Led by the ruling Nnofo dynasty, the kingdom's traditional ruler is known as the Igwe, a inherited position via patrilineal primogeniture privilege. Despite playing no formal role in the governance of Anambra State, the Nnewi dynasty have legal recognition under the Nigerian chieftaincy system, giving the Igwe, and other members of the royal family, prestigious and representational significance in Nnewi. The Igwe's authority is most pronounced in the quarter of Otolo, as Uruagu, Umudim and Nnewichi have their own, largely autonomous, Obis.

There have been 20 Nnewi monarchs, beginning with Chief Mmaku in 1498. The present reigning monarch is Igwe Orizu III.
/dev/zero
/dev/zero is a special file in Unix-like operating systems that provides as many null characters (ASCII NUL, 0x00) as are read from it. One of the typical uses is to provide a character stream for initializing data storage.

Device file
In Unix-like operating systems, a device file, device node, or special file is an interface to a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were an ordinary file.  There are also special files in DOS, OS/2, and Windows.  These special files allow an application program to interact with a device by using its device driver via standard input/output system calls. Using standard system calls simplifies many programming tasks, and leads to consistent user-space I/O mechanisms regardless of device features and functions.
St.George Bank
St.George Bank is an Australian bank with its headquarters in Sydney. Since a 2008 merger, the bank has been part of Westpac, having previously been an independent legal entity. In 2010, St.George was deregistered as a company and ceased to be a standalone authorised deposit-taking institution.

The bank provides services primarily in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, but with growing representation across a number of industry and business segments in Queensland and Western Australia, and in Victoria before the relaunch of the Bank of Melbourne (2011) brand in July 2011 (also another division of Westpac). St.George also operates in South Australia and the Northern Territory under its subsidiary BankSA. The bank has a large number of retail branches and ATMs across Australia, and some back office operations in Bangalore, India.

Westpac
Westpac Banking Corporation, also known as Westpac, is an Australian multinational banking and financial services company headquartered at Westpac Place in Sydney.

Established in 1817 as the Bank of New South Wales, it acquired the Commercial Bank of Australia in 1981 before being renamed to Westpac Banking Corporation in 1982. Westpac is one of Australia's Big Four banks, and is Australia's first and oldest banking institution. Its name is a portmanteau of "Western" and "Pacific".

As of 2025, Westpac has 13 million customers worldwide, and employs around 35,000 people.

In 2022 Westpac held the 53rd position in the "Top 1000 World Banks".
Shu Yuanyu
Shu Yuanyu (Chinese: 舒元輿; c. 791 - December 17, 835) was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wenzong.  During Emperor Wenzong's reign, he became involved in a major power struggle between imperial officials and eunuchs known as the Ganlu Incident, and he was killed by the eunuchs (via waist chop) along with three other chancellors, Li Xun, Wang Ya, and Jia Su.

Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan (李仲言) (died December 16, 835), known as Li Xun (李訓) in 835, courtesy name initially Zixun (子訓), later Zichui (子垂), pseudonym Hermit Wang (王山人) during the mourning period for his mother, was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty. He became a trusted advisor to Emperor Wenzong and plotted with Emperor Wenzong to end the hold the powerful eunuchs had on power by slaughtering the eunuchs, but when the effort failed (in an event later known as the Ganlu Incident), Li Xun and his associates were slaughtered.
Piper PA-32R
The Piper PA-32R is a six-seat (or seven-seat), high-performance, single engine, all-metal, fixed-wing aircraft produced by Piper Aircraft of Vero Beach, Florida. The design began life as the Piper Lance, a retractable-gear version of the Piper Cherokee Six. Later models became known by the designation Piper Saratoga. The primary difference between the Lance and early Saratoga is the development of a tapered wing on the Saratoga, replacing the "Hershey bar" wing on the Lance that was a carryover from the Cherokee Six. Later Saratoga models provided updated/improved avionics, engine and interior touches but retained the same airframe design.

Production of the Saratoga was discontinued in 2009.

The Saratoga competed for sales with the Beechcraft Bonanza, Mooney M20, Cirrus SR22, Cessna 210, and Cessna 350.

Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six
The Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six is a series of single-engine, fixed landing gear, light aircraft manufactured in the United States by Piper Aircraft between 1965 and 2007.

The PA-32 is used around the world for private transportation, air taxi services, bush support, and medevac flights.
Matilda II
The Infantry Tank Mark II, better known as the Matilda, is a British infantry tank of the Second World War.

The design began as the A12 specification in 1936, as a gun-armed counterpart to the first British infantry tank, the machine gun armed, two-man A11 Infantry Tank Mark I. The Mark I was also known as Matilda, and the larger A12 was initially known as the Matilda II or Matilda senior. The Mark I was abandoned in 1940, and from then on the A12 was almost always known simply as "the Matilda".

With its heavy armour, the Matilda II was an excellent infantry support tank but with somewhat limited speed and armament. It was the only British tank to serve from the start of the war to its end, although it is particularly associated with the North African campaign. Only two were available for service by the outbreak of World War II in 1939. It was replaced in front-line service by the cheaper and lighter Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine from late 1941.

Matilda I (tank)
The Tank, Infantry, Mk I, Matilda I (A11) is a British infantry tank of the Second World War. Despite being slow, cramped and armed with only a single machine gun, the Matilda I had some success in the Battle of France in 1940, owing to its heavy armour which withstood the standard German anti-tank guns. However, it was essentially useless in an attacking sense, as its weak armament made it toothless in combat against enemy armour, and the tank was obsolete before it even came into service. The Battle of France was the only time the Matilda I saw combat. The tank was cheaply built as the British government wanted each of the tanks to be built on a very restricted budget in the build-up to the Second World War. It is not to be confused with the later (more successful) model Tank, Infantry Mk II (A12), also known as the "Matilda II", which took over the "Matilda" name after the Matilda I was withdrawn from combat service in 1940. The two models were completely separate designs.
Malaysian Communist Party
The Malaysian Communist Party (MCP) was a merger of the Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist-Leninist (CPM-ML) and the Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction (CPM-RF). Both factions split out from the Malayan Communist Party in the 1970s. MCP traced its roots to splinter groups amongst communist guerrillas in southern Thailand in the 1970s. The party conducted armed struggle in the Malaysian-Thai border areas between 1983 and 1987. The former CPM-RF members lay down their arms on 13 March 1987 and the former CPM-ML members lay down theirs on 28 April 1987. It eventually accepted a deal for cessation of hostilities with the Thai military and its cadres were resettled in 5 'friendship villages'.

Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction
The Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction was a splinter group of the Communist Party of Malaya. The CPM/RF was engaged in armed struggle. It was founded on 26 September 1970, when the 8th regiment at Sadao Camp broke off from the Communist Party of Malaya, under leadership of Huang Yijiang. In 1983, merged with the Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist–Leninist to form the Malaysian Communist Party in 1983.
Sénat conservateur
The Sénat conservateur (French pronunciation: [sena kɔ̃sɛʁvatœʁ], "Conservative Senate") was an advisory body established in France during the Consulate following the French Revolution. It was established in 1799 under the Constitution of the Year VIII following the Napoleon Bonaparte-led Coup of 18 Brumaire. It lasted until 1814 when Napoleon Bonaparte was overthrown and the Bourbon monarchy was restored.

With the Tribunat and the Corps législatif, the Sénat formed one of the three major assemblies of the Consulate. Although it did not exercise ordinary legislative powers, the constitutions of Year X (1802) and Year XII (1804) reinforced its constitutional authority, notably through the use of sénatus-consultes.

French Consulate
The Consulate (French: Consulat) was the top-level government of the First French Republic from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the French Empire on 18 May 1804.

During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, with his appointment as First Consul, established himself as the head of a more autocratic and centralised republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler. Due to the long-lasting institutions established during these years, Robert B. Holtman has called the consulate "one of the most important periods of all French history." By the end of this period, Bonaparte had engineered an authoritarian personal rule now viewed as a military dictatorship.
VIPER (rover)
VIPER (Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover) is a lunar rover developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. The rover would be tasked with prospecting for lunar resources in permanently shadowed areas of lunar south pole region, especially by mapping the distribution and concentration of water ice. The mission built on a previous NASA rover concept, the Resource Prospector, which had been cancelled in 2018.

VIPER was to be carried aboard Astrobotic's Griffin lander as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative.

In 2025, NASA released an Announcement for Partnership Proposal seeking U.S. companies to deliver and operate the completed VIPER rover on the Moon. On September 19, 2025, NASA selected Blue Origin to carry VIPER to the Moon.

Resource Prospector
Resource Prospector is a cancelled mission concept by NASA of a rover that would have performed a survey expedition on a polar region of the Moon. The rover was to attempt to detect and map the location of volatiles such as hydrogen, oxygen and lunar water which could foster more affordable and sustainable human exploration to the Moon, Mars, and other Solar System bodies.

The mission concept was still in its pre-formulation stage, when it was scrapped in April 2018. The Resource Prospector mission was proposed to be launched in 2022. Its science instruments will be flown on several commercial lander missions contracted with NASA's new Commercial Lunar Payload Services program. The VIPER rover was developed as a successor of Resource Prospector.
Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland
Joan Beaufort (c. 1379 – 13 November 1440) was the youngest of the four legitimised children and only daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (third surviving son of King Edward III), by his mistress, later wife, Katherine de Roet. She married Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and in her widowhood became a powerful landowner in the north of England.

Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland KG PC Earl Marshal (c. 1364 – 21 October 1425), was an English nobleman of the House of Neville. Elevated to the earldom by Richard II, he later supported his brother-in-law Henry of Lancaster in deposing the king and became a key supporter of the Lancastrian dynasty. As a royal kinsman through his marriage to Joan Beaufort, he was rewarded with high offices, including Earl Marshal, and played a central role in northern politics and border warfare with Scotland.
Saint-Jacques, Quebec (parish municipality)
the parish municipality of Saint-Jacques (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒak] ⓘ) is a former parish municipality now part of the current regular municipality of Saint-Jacques, Quebec, Canada.

Prior to February 4, 1998, the parish of Saint-Jacques was an independent municipality; on that date, it and the village of Saint-Jacques were merged into the new municipality of Saint-Jacques.

Saint-Jacques, Quebec (village municipality)
the village municipality of Saint-Jacques (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒak] ⓘ) is a former village now part of the current municipality of Saint-Jacques, Quebec, Canada.

Prior to February 4, 1998, the village of Saint-Jacques was an independent municipality; on that date, it and the parish of Saint-Jacques were merged into the new municipality of Saint-Jacques.