hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Mauger
Ivan Gerald Mauger OBE (4 October 1939 – 16 April 2018; last name pronounced "Major") was a New Zealand motorcycle speedway rider. He won a record six World Championships (Finals), a feat equalled only with the inclusion of the Speedway GP Championships by Bartosz Zmarzlik of Poland and Tony Rickardsson of Sweden. In 2010, Mauger was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.

Tony Rickardsson
Jan Tony Sören Rickardsson (born on 17 August 1970) is a Swedish former professional motorcycle speedway rider. He competed in the Speedway World Championships from 1989 to 2006 and won six Speedway World Championship titles in 15 attempts. He earned 43 caps for the Sweden national speedway team. In 2011, Rickardsson was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.
Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson
Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson (pronounced [ˈsɪːɣʏrðʏr ˈiŋgɪ ˈjouːhansɔn]; born 20 April 1962) is an Icelandic politician, who was the prime minister of Iceland from April 2016 to January 2017. He has been the chairman of the Progressive Party since 2016 and Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs from April to December 2024, having previously served as Minister of Infrastructure.

Sigurður Ingi was appointed as the prime minister on 7 April 2016, following the resignation of Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson in the wake of revelations contained in the Panama Papers. He was elected as chairman of the Progressive Party on 2 October that year, narrowly ahead of the incumbent chairman Sigmundur Davíð.

On 30 October 2016, due to the results of the parliamentary election held the previous day on 29 October 2016, Sigurður announced his pending resignation as Prime Minister. He officially left office on 11 January 2017 and was succeeded by Bjarni Benediktsson.

Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)
Bjarni Benediktsson (Icelandic: [ˈpja(r)tnɪ ˈpɛːnɛtɪxtsˌsɔːn]; born 26 January 1970), known colloquially as Bjarni Ben, is an Icelandic former politician who served as the prime minister of Iceland from January to November 2017 and again from April to December 2024. He was the leader of the Icelandic Independence Party from 2009 to 2025, and served as the Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs from 2013 to 2017, a post he later retained under Katrín Jakobsdóttir and held until his resignation in October 2023. After serving briefly as the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2023 to 2024, Bjarni became prime minister again on 9 April 2024.

During his career, Bjarni was sometimes called a "teflon" politician, due to managing to retain his position as one of Iceland's most powerful politicians despite his frequent involvement in political scandals.
Senda Berenson Abbott
Senda Berenson Abbott (March 19, 1868 – February 16, 1954) was a figure of women's basketball and the author of the first Basketball Guide for Women (1901–07). She was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor on July 1, 1985, the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1987,  and the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999.

Berenson was the first person to introduce and adapt rules for women's basketball to Smith College in 1899, modifying the existing men's rules.

Abbott was the sister of the art historian Bernard Berenson and a great-great-aunt of Berry Berenson and Marisa Berenson.

Bernard Berenson
Bernard Berenson (June 26, 1865 – October 6, 1959) was an American art historian specializing in the Renaissance. His book The Drawings of the Florentine Painters was an international success. His wife Mary is thought to have had a large hand in some of the writings.

Berenson was a major figure in the attribution of Old Masters, at a time when these were attracting new interest by American collectors, and his judgments were widely respected in the art world.
Dagzê, Lhasa
Dagzê District is a district of Lhasa immediately east of the district of Chengguan, Tibet. The Lhasa River runs through the district. As of 2013 the total population was 29,152, mostly ethnic Tibetans engaged in agriculture. The district is home to the Ganden and Yerpa monasteries.

Ganden Monastery
Ganden Monastery (also Gaden or Gandain) or Ganden Namgyeling or Monastery of Gahlden is one of the "great three" Gelug university monasteries located in Dagzê County, Lhasa, Tibet. The other two are Sera Monastery and Drepung Monastery. Ganden Monastery was founded in 1409 by Je Tsongkhapa Lozang-dragpa, founder of the Gelug order. The monastery was destroyed after 1959, but has since been partially rebuilt. Another monastery with the same name and tradition was established in Southern India in 1966 by Tibetan exiles.
Hong Kong Government Lunar New Year kau chim tradition
In each year's Chinese New Year celebrations in Hong Kong, a member of the Hong Kong Government represents the city in a divination ritual called kau chim. The event takes place on the second day of the Lunar New Year at Che Kung temple, Sha Tin, where a fortune stick is drawn.  The luck of the city for that upcoming Lunar year will be foretold by the message on the fortune stick.  The message is written in the form of classical Chinese poetry and is then interpreted by a Feng shui sifu or fortune teller.

Kau chim
Kau chim, kau cim,  chien tung, "lottery poetry" and Chinese fortune sticks are names for a fortune telling practice that originated in China in which a person poses questions and interprets answers from flat sticks inscribed with text or numerals. The practice is often performed in a Taoist or Buddhist temple in front of an altar. In the US, a version has been sold since 1915 under the name chi chi sticks. It is also sometimes known as "The Oracle of Kuan Yin" in Buddhist traditions, a reference to the bodhisattva Guanyin. It is widely available in Thai temples, known using the Teochew dialect as siam si (Thai: เซียมซี). The similar practice is also found in Japan, named O-mikuji.
A29 autoroute
The A 29 is a major toll motorway in Normandy and Picardy, northwestern and northern France.  The road is also part of European route E44. From its western interchange with the A28 autoroute until its junction with the A26 autoroute, part of the A29 also forms the northern section of the Grand contournement de Paris.

A26 autoroute
The A26 is a 357.6 km (222.2 mi) long French motorway connecting Calais and Troyes. It is also known as the Autoroute des Anglais (Motorway of the English) as its length forms the first part of the main route from the Dover-Calais ferries and the Channel Tunnel towards Southern and Eastern France and the Cote d'Azur. The motorway is used by a high proportion of British cars, particularly during the summer holiday season. The A26 between Calais and Arras (in conjunction with the A1 autoroute) is part of one of the two main routes between London and Paris, the other being the A16.

The road forms part of European route E-15 and E-17. South of its junction with the A29 autoroute the A26 is part of the Grand contournement de Paris.
The Gigantic Turnip
"The Gigantic Turnip" or "The Enormous Turnip" (Russian: Репка, Repka,  IPA: [ˈrʲepkə], lit. 'small turnip'; ATU 2044, ‘Pulling up the turnip') is a cumulative Russian fairy tale, collected in Arkhangelsk Governorate and published in 1863 by folklore researcher Alexander Afanasyev in his collection Russian Fairy Tales (tale number 89), a collection not strictly Russian, but which included stories from Ukraine and Belarus alongside Russian tales. The tale is well-known in Ukraine as adapted by Ivan Franko

The story has been rewritten and adapted numerous times in other languages, for example Polish by Julian Tuwim; Bulgarian by Ran Bosilek, and English by Jan Brett.

Cumulative tale
In a cumulative tale, sometimes also called a chain tale, action or dialogue repeats and builds up in some way as the tale progresses. With only the sparest of plots, these tales often depend upon repetition and rhythm for their effect, and can require a skilled storyteller to negotiate their tongue-twisting repetitions in performance. The climax is sometimes abrupt and sobering as in "The Gingerbread Man."   The device often takes the form of a cumulative song or nursery rhyme. Many cumulative tales feature a series of animals or forces of nature each more powerful than the last.
Piano pedals
Piano pedals are foot-operated levers at the base of a piano that change the instrument's sound in various ways. Modern pianos usually have three pedals: from left to right, the soft pedal (or una corda), the sostenuto pedal, and the sustaining pedal (or damper pedal). Some pianos omit the sostenuto pedal, or have a middle pedal with a different purpose, such as a muting function, also known as the silent piano.

The development of the piano's pedals is an evolution that began in the very earliest days of the piano and continued through the late 19th century. Throughout the years, the piano had as few as one modifying stop, and as many as six or more, before finally arriving at its current configuration of three.

Soft pedal
The soft pedal, or una corda pedal (Italian for 'one string'), is one of the pedals on a piano, generally placed at the leftmost position. On a grand piano, this pedal shifts the whole action (including the keyboard) slightly to the right, so that the hammers, which normally strike all three strings for a note, strike only two of them. This softens the note and modifies its tone quality. The tone quality is also affected because the remaining two strings that are struck make contact with a part of the hammer felt that is not often hit, since the whole action is shifted. This results in a duller sound, as opposed to the brighter sound usually produced when the felt has been hardened through regular use.
Dubai Crude
Dubai Crude is a medium sour crude oil extracted from Dubai. Dubai Crude is used as a price benchmark or oil marker because it is one of only a few Persian Gulf crude oils available immediately. There are two other main oil markers: Brent Crude and West Texas Intermediate.

Dubai Crude is generally used for pricing Persian Gulf crude oil exports to Asia. The Dubai benchmark is also known as Fateh, used in the United Arab Emirates. Forward trade of Dubai Crude is limited to one or two months.

Dubai Crude is a medium oil. It has a gravity of 31° API (specific gravity of 0.871) and a sulfur content of 2%/weight.

Benchmark (crude oil)
A benchmark crude or marker crude is a crude oil that serves as a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil. There are three primary benchmarks, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Blend, and Dubai Crude. Other well-known blends include the OPEC Reference Basket used by OPEC, Tapis Crude which is traded in Singapore, Western Canadian Select used in Canada, Bonny Light used in Nigeria, Urals oil used in Russia  and Mexico's Isthmus. Energy Intelligence Group publishes a handbook which identified 195 major crude streams or blends in its 2011 edition.

Benchmarks are used because there are many different varieties and grades of crude oil. Using benchmarks makes referencing types of oil easier for sellers and buyers.

There is always a spread between WTI, Brent and other blends due to the relative volatility (high API gravity is more valuable), sweetness/sourness (low sulfur is more valuable) and transportation cost. This is the price that controls world oil market price.
Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.

Gwanak District
Gwanak District (Korean: 관악구; RR: Gwanak-gu) is one of the 25 districts (gu) of Seoul, South Korea. It lies on the southern skirt of Seoul, bordering Anyang, Gyeonggi Province. The southern border of Gwanak District, bordering Anyang, consists of the craggy ridgeline of Gwanaksan (Mt. Gwanak), which dominates the local geography.

Originally a part of Siheung, Gyeonggi Province, it was transferred to Seoul with the rapid expansion of the National Capital Area and its population growth in 1960s. Partitioned from Yeongdeungpo District and established as a district in 1973, it now neighbours the Seocho, Dongjak, Guro, and Geumcheon Districts, and exercises jurisdiction over 21 neighborhoods (dong), with a population of 500,000.
Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
Joan II, Countess of Burgundy (French: Jeanne; c. 1287/88 – 21 January 1330), was Queen of France by marriage to Philip V of France; she was also ruling Countess of Burgundy from 1303 to 1330 and ruling Countess of Artois in 1329–1330.

Count of Artois
The count of Artois (French: Comte d'Artois, Dutch: Graaf van Artesië) was the ruler over the County of Artois from the 9th century until the abolition of the countship by the French revolutionaries in 1790.
Huocheng County
Huocheng County (Chinese: 霍城县; pinyin: Huòchéng xiàn), also known as Korgas County (Kazakh: قورعاس اۋدانى; Uyghur: قورغاس ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 霍尔果斯县), is situated within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and falls under the administration of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. The county is located between Yining and the border city of Khorgas, covering an area of 5,466 km2 (2,110 sq mi), with a population of 360,000 (2004 estimate). There are twenty-nine ethnic groups residing in the county, including the Han and Uyghur nationalities.

To the north of Huocheng County is Wenquan County, while the Ili River lies to the south. Its Western side is bordered by Khorgas City, and Yining is located approximately 45 km (28 mi) to the east.

Yining
Yining (Chinese: 伊宁), also known as Ghulja (Uyghur: غۇلجا) or Kulja (Kazakh: قۇلجا), is a county-level city in northwestern Xinjiang, China. It is the administrative seat and largest city of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. Yining is the modern successor to the nearby ruined city of Almaliq, Huocheng County, and is the third largest city in Xinjiang after Ürümqi and Korla. It was established by Erdeni Batur Khong Tayiji of the Dzungar Khanate.
Aglianico del Vulture
Aglianico del Vulture and Aglianico del Vulture Superiore are Italian red wines based on the Aglianico grape and produced in the Vulture area of Basilicata. Located on volcanic soils derived from nearby Mount Vulture, it was awarded Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) status in 1971. The Superiore was elevated to a separate Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) status in 2011, the only DOCG wine in Basilicata.

Although not as famous as other Italian wines, Aglianico del Vulture is considered one of the best red wines of Italy.

Vulture (region)
The Vulture (Italian: Il Vulture, IPA: [ˈvulture]), also known as the Vulture-Melfese or Vulture-Alto Bradano is a geographical and historical region in the northern part of the province of Potenza, in the Basilicata region of Italy.
Albert King (basketball)
Albert King (born December 17, 1959) is an American former professional basketball player. The younger brother of former NBA scoring champion and  Hall of Famer Bernard King, Albert played at Fort Hamilton High School in Brooklyn and is regarded as one of the nation's greatest high school players of all time. He was rated the top prep player in the nation over Magic Johnson and Gene Banks during his senior year. A 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) guard-forward from the University of Maryland, King was selected by the New Jersey Nets in the first round (10th overall) of the 1981 NBA draft. King played in nine NBA seasons for four teams.

Bernard King
Bernard King (born December 4, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player at the small forward position in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 14 seasons with the New Jersey Nets, Utah Jazz, Golden State Warriors, New York Knicks, and Washington Bullets. King is a four-time NBA All-Star, four-time All-NBA selection and led the NBA in scoring in the 1984–85 season. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on September 8, 2013. His younger brother, Albert, also played in the NBA during his career.

Basketball legend Julius Erving, otherwise known as "Dr. J", said King was the toughest player he had ever faced.
Soup soy sauce
Soup soy sauce or "guk-ganjang" (Korean: 국간장) is a type of Korean soy sauce (ganjang) made entirely of fermented soybeans (meju) and brine. It is also a byproduct of doenjang production. Both lighter and saltier than other Korean ganjang varieties, soup soy sauce is used mainly in guk (soup) and namul (a seasoned vegetable dish) in modern Korean cuisine.

Soy sauce
Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds. It is recognized for its saltiness and pronounced umami taste.

Soy sauce was created in its current form about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China. Since then, it has become an important ingredient in East and Southeast Asian cooking as well as a condiment worldwide.
École Normale Supérieure de Fontenay-aux-Roses
The École normale supérieure de Fontenay-aux-Roses (ENS de Fontenay-aux-Roses or ENS de Fontenay), established by decree in 1880, was a French higher education institution reserved for women, aimed at training teachers and instructors for primary normal schools.

In 1981, coeducation was introduced and, in 1987, the center specialized in humanities and social sciences, renamed École normale supérieure de Fontenay-Saint-Cloud. The teaching of exact and applied sciences was transferred to the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon.

École normale supérieure de Lyon
The École normale supérieure de Lyon (French pronunciation: [ekɔl nɔʁmal sypeʁjœʁ də ljɔ̃]; also known as ENS de Lyon, ENSL or Normale Sup' Lyon) is a French grande école located in the city of Lyon. It is one of the four prestigious écoles normales supérieures in France. The school is composed of two academic units—Arts and Sciences—with campuses in Lyon, near the confluence of the Rhône and Saône rivers.

ENS de Lyon's students usually enjoy a special civil servant status in the wake of highly competitive exams, providing they pursue careers in public service. Although it maintains extensive connections with the University of Lyon and external research institutions, including the CNRS, the school remains independent.
George Young (rock musician)
George Redburn Young (6 November 1946 – 22 October 2017) was an Australian musician, songwriter and record producer. He was a founding member of the bands The Easybeats and Flash and the Pan, and was one-half of the songwriting and production duo Vanda & Young with his long-time musical collaborator Harry Vanda, with whom he co-wrote the international hits "Friday on My Mind" and "Love Is in the Air", the latter recorded by John Paul Young (who is unrelated).

Born in Glasgow, Young moved to Sydney, Australia with his family as a teenager, and became a naturalised citizen. He was also one of the producers of early work by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC, formed by his younger brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Young (along with Vanda) was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1988 and The Easybeats were inducted in 2005.

John Paul Young
John Inglis Young, OAM (born 21 June 1950), known professionally as John Paul Young, is an Australian pop singer who is best known for having a worldwide hit with "Love Is in the Air" in 1978. His career was boosted by regular appearances as a performer and guest host on Countdown, a 1974–1987 TV series for Australia's national broadcaster ABC.
Besides "Love Is in the Air", Young had top ten chart success in Germany and the Netherlands with "Standing in the Rain" and four other top ten hits in South Africa, including No. 1 hits with "I Hate the Music" in 1976 and "Yesterday's Hero" in 1975.

On 27 August 2009, Young was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame.
Ryan Sieg
Ryan Scott Sieg (born June 20, 1987) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 39 Chevrolet SS for RSS Racing. He is the younger brother of the late former driver Shane Sieg and the older brother of current teammate Kyle Sieg.

Shane Sieg
Rodney Shane Sieg (August 23, 1982 – August 19, 2017) was an American professional stock car racing driver. He last drove the No. 93 S&W Services Chevrolet for RSS Racing. He was the older brother of O'Reilly Auto Parts Series drivers Ryan Sieg and Kyle Sieg.
GMA Pictures
GMA Network Films Inc., doing business as GMA Pictures (formerly Cinemax Studios and GMA Films), is a Philippine film, television production and distribution company based in Diliman, Quezon City. It is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, Viva Films and Regal Entertainment. Its notable films include Sa Pusod ng Dagat (1998), José Rizal (1998), Muro-Ami (1999), Deathrow (2000), Let the Love Begin (2005), Moments of Love (2006), Ouija (2007), Firefly (2023), and Green Bones (2024).

Regal Entertainment
Regal Entertainment Inc. (formerly and more commonly known as Regal Films) is a Philippine film, television production and distribution headquartered in New Manila, Quezon City. It was founded by Lily Monteverde on August 19, 1962. Regal Entertainment is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, GMA Pictures, and Viva Films.
Permanent residency
Permanent residency is a person's legal resident status in a country or territory of which such person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such legal status is known as a permanent resident.

Permanent residency itself is distinct from right of abode, which waives immigration control for such persons. Persons having permanent residency still require immigration control if they do not have right of abode. However, a right of abode automatically grants people permanent residency. This status also gives work permit in most cases. In many Western countries, the status of permanent resident confers a right of abode upon the holder despite not being a citizen of the particular country.

Right of abode
The right of abode is an individual's freedom from immigration control in a particular country.  A person who has the right of abode in a country does not need permission from the government to enter the country and can live and work there without restriction, and is immune from removal and deportation (unless the right of abode has been revoked).

Generally, to have right of abode, a person must be a citizen of that country. However, some countries grant the right of abode for qualified non-citizens. This is distinct with the commonly-called right to land, right to live or right of residence. Those with permanent residency generally have a de facto right of residence, which can be revoked in certain circumstances—such as conviction of crimes or prolonged absence. This is unlike citizenship, revocable only in very limited circumstances such as fraud or national security.