hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volumetric flow rate
In physics and engineering, in particular fluid dynamics, the volumetric flow rate (also known as volume flow rate, or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually it is represented by the symbol Q (sometimes ). Its SI unit is cubic metres per second (m3/s).

It contrasts with mass flow rate, which is the other main type of fluid flow rate. In most contexts a mention of "rate of fluid flow" is likely to refer to the volumetric rate. In hydrometry, the volumetric flow rate is known as discharge.

The volumetric flow rate across a unit area is called volumetric flux, as defined by Darcy's law and represented by the symbol q. Conversely, the integration of a volumetric flux over a given area gives the volumetric flow rate.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup 2
The Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup 2 is an international women's field hockey tournament organised annually by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament serves as the qualification tournament for the Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup.

The tournament was founded in 2024 and the first edition will be held in June 2025 in Walcz, Poland.

Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup
The Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup is an international women's field hockey tournament organised annually by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament serves as the qualification tournament for the Women's FIH Pro League.

The tournament was founded in 2019 and the first edition was held in December 2022 in Valencia, Spain.
Adolfo Pirelli
Mr. Adolfo Pirelli (Signor Adolfo Pirelli in Italian), also known as Alf Spiral, Daniel O'Higgins or Davy Collins, is a fictional character from Stephen Sondheim's musical Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. He is a supporting antagonist in the story and a rival barber to Sweeney Todd.  He is eventually killed by Todd after he threatens him with extortion.

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Hugh Wheeler. It is based on the 1970 play Sweeney Todd by Christopher Bond. The character of Sweeney Todd first appeared in a Victorian penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has been revived in many productions and inspired a film adaptation. The original logo for the musical is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the sign replaced by a straight razor. There is also a woman wearing a blood-stained dress and holding a rolling pin next to the man.
Cabot High School
Cabot High School (CHS) is a public high school located in Cabot, Arkansas. The school serves students in grades ten through twelve and is administered by Cabot Public Schools, which serves the city and most of northern Lonoke County. The district, and therefore the high school's boundary, includes the communities of Cabot, Austin, and Ward.

Cabot Public Schools
Cabot Public Schools is a public school district system in northern Lonoke County, Arkansas, USA. It serves 10,292 students in grades PreK-12 across many campuses. This district includes students living in Cabot, Ward, and Austin. It is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education.

The Cabot Public School Board is made up of seven members. All of the educators in this district are certified. The graduation rate in the district is 91%. The district has expansive technology resources for students with thousands of devices across the campuses. It is also the only school district in Arkansas to win the Arkansas Purple Star School Award.
Satisfied (Hamilton song)
"Satisfied" is the eleventh song from Act 1 of the musical Hamilton, based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote both the music and lyrics to the song. The song is sung by the character Angelica Schuyler, originally performed by Renée Elise Goldsberry. Goldsberry released a solo version of the song for her 2025 album, Who I Really Am.

Angelica Schuyler Church
Angelica Church (née Schuyler /ˈskaɪlər/; February 20, 1756 – March 6, 1814) was an American socialite. She was the eldest daughter of Continental Army General Philip Schuyler, and a sister of Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton and sister-in-law of Alexander Hamilton.

For sixteen years, she lived in Europe with her British-born husband, John Barker Church, who became a Member of Parliament. She was a prominent member of the social elite everywhere she lived, which included Albany and New York City, as well as Paris and London. Some of her correspondence with eminent friends has been preserved, including notable exchanges with Thomas Jefferson, her brother-in-law Alexander Hamilton, and Marquis de Lafayette.

The village and surrounding town of Angelica, New York were named after her.
Kernel (category theory)
In category theory and its applications to other branches of mathematics, kernels are a generalization of the kernels of group homomorphisms, the kernels of module homomorphisms and certain other kernels from algebra. Intuitively, the kernel of the morphism f : X → Y is the "most general" morphism k : K → X that yields zero when composed with (followed by) f.

Note that kernel pairs and difference kernels (also known as binary equalisers) sometimes go by the name "kernel"; while related, these aren't quite the same thing and are not discussed in this article.

Equaliser (mathematics)
In mathematics, an equaliser is a set of arguments where two or more functions have equal values.
An equaliser is the solution set of an equation.
In certain contexts, a difference kernel is the equaliser of exactly two functions.
Giselle Lazaro-Maceda
Giselle Mary Lazaro-Maceda (born August 6, 1970) is a Filipino dermatologist and politician. She is serving as representative of the 4th District of Manila in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 2025.

Manila's 4th congressional district
Manila's 4th congressional district is one of the six congressional districts of the Philippines in the city of Manila. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1949. The district consists of barangays 395 to 586 in the northern Manila district of Sampaloc bordering Quezon City. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Giselle Lazaro-Maceda of Asenso Manileño.

Previously from 1949 to 1972, the district encompassed the southern Manila districts of Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, and Santa Ana, which also includes the present-day San Andres. The current configuration took efect after the restoration of the Congress in 1987, when the aforementioned districts were reapportioned to the new fifth and sixth districts, respectively, while the fourth district was reapportioned to encompass Sampaloc.
Ōmori Shell Mounds
35°35′26.8″N 139°43′45.0″E﻿ / ﻿35.590778°N 139.729167°E﻿ / 35.590778; 139.729167

The Ōmori Shell Mounds (大森貝塚, Ōmori kaizuka) was an archaeological site on the border of  Shinagawa, Tokyo and Ōta, Tokyo, in the Kantō region of Japan containing a late Jōmon period shell midden and settlement ruin. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1955, with the area under protection extended in 1986.

Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and biofacts associated with past human occupation.

These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition, sediment is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed.
Santa María del Tule
Santa María del Tule is a town and a municipality in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. 
It is part of the Centro District in the Valles Centrales region.
It is located 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) SE of the  city of Oaxaca on Highway 190. The town and municipality are named for the patron saint of the place, the Virgin Mary and “Tule” comes from the Náhuatl word “tulle” or “tullin” which means bulrush.

The town's claim to fame is as the home of a 2,000-year-old Montezuma cypress tree, known as the El Árbol del Tule, which is one of the oldest, largest and widest trees in the world. Its gnarled trunk and branches are filled with shapes that have been given names such as “the elephant,” “the pineapple” and even one called “Carlos Salinas’ ears.”

Taxodium mucronatum
Taxodium mucronatum, commonly known as Montezuma bald cypress, Montezuma cypress, sabino, or ahuehuete, is a tree in the family Cupressaceae. It is primarily native to Mexico and Guatemala, with a few populations in the southwestern United States. Ahuehuete is derived from the Nahuatl name for the tree, āhuēhuētl, which means 'upright drum in water' or 'old man of the water'.
Chiswick Bridge
Chiswick Bridge is a reinforced concrete deck arch bridge over the River Thames in West London. It is one of three bridges opened in 1933 as part of an ambitious scheme to relieve traffic congestion west of London. The structure carries the A316 road between Chiswick on the north bank of the Thames and Mortlake on the south bank.

The bridge is built on the site of a former ferry. It is 606 feet (185 m) long and faced with 3,400 tons of Portland stone. When the 150-foot (46 m) central span opened it was the longest concrete span over the Thames. The bridge is well known for its proximity to the end of The Championship Course, the stretch of the Thames used for the Boat Race and other rowing events.

The Championship Course
The Championship Course is a stretch of the River Thames between Mortlake and Putney in London, England. It is a well-established course for rowing races, particularly the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. The course is on the tidal reaches of the river often referred to as the Tideway.
Zimbabwe Football Association
The Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA) is the governing body of football in Zimbabwe. It is responsible for organising national football competitions in Zimbabwe and managing the Zimbabwe national football teams.

The current ZIFA was founded in 1979. It has been affiliated with FIFA since 1965 and has been a member of the CAF since 1980.

In October 2015, Zimbabwe Football Association President, Cuthbert Dube, stepped down after five years in charge. During his tenure, the organisation's debt rose to $6 million and national teams struggled repeatedly to fulfil away assignments due to lack of funds. Dube faced a vote of no confidence at a meeting prior to his resignation.

Zimbabwe national football team
The Zimbabwe national football team (nicknamed The Warriors) represents Zimbabwe in men's international football and is controlled by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA), formerly known as the Football Association of Rhodesia. The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup finals, but has qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations six times. Zimbabwe has also won the COSAFA Cup six times. The team represents both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).
I/O Controller Hub
I/O Controller Hub (ICH) is a family of Intel southbridge microchips used to manage data communications between a CPU and a motherboard, specifically Intel chipsets based on the Intel Hub Architecture. It is designed to be paired with a second support chip known as a northbridge. As with any other southbridge, the ICH is used to connect and control peripheral devices.

As CPU speeds increased data transmission between the CPU and support chipset, the support chipset eventually emerged as a bottleneck between the processor and the motherboard. Accordingly, starting with the 2008 Intel 5 Series, a new architecture was used that incorporated some functions of the traditional north and south bridge chips onto the CPU itself, with the remaining functions being consolidated into a single Platform Controller Hub (PCH) and therefore replacing the traditional two chip setup.

Intel 5 Series
Intel 5 Series is a computing architecture introduced in 2008 that improves the efficiency and balances the use of communication channels in the motherboard. The architecture consists primarily of a central processing unit (CPU) (connected to the graphics card and memory) and a single chipset (connected to motherboard components). All motherboard communications and activities circle around these two devices.

The architecture is a product of adjustments made to the Intel 4 Series to deliver higher performance motherboards while maintaining efficiency and low power. The changes revolve around chipset and processor design, in conjunction with a rearrangement of functions and controllers. The result is the first major change in many years of computing.
Nashville Metros
The Nashville Metros were an American soccer team based in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1989, the team most recently played in the Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the South Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The Metros were the longest continuously operating soccer club in the United Soccer Leagues before their last season in 2012.

In the side's later years its home games were contested at Ezell Park and E. S. Rose Park.

E. S. Rose Park
E. S. Rose Park is a baseball, softball, soccer, and track & field venue in Nashville, Tennessee, United States.  It is home to Nashville Union FC and Belmont Bruins baseball, softball, men's and women's soccer, and men's and women's track & field teams of the NCAA Division I Ohio Valley Conference.  It is located approximately five minutes from Belmont University's main campus.  The city-owned park was renovated extensively in 2010–2011.
E. J. Warner
Elijah "E.J." Warner (born November 3, 2003) is an American college football quarterback who plays for the Fresno State Bulldogs. He previously played for the Rice Owls and the Temple Owls. He is the son of Hall of Fame quarterback Kurt Warner.

Temple Owls football
The Temple Owls football team represents Temple University in the sport of college football. The Temple Owls compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the American Conference. They play their home games at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia.

The Owls were a football-only member of the Big East Conference from 1991 until 2004. Temple was expelled from the league due to a lack of commitment to the football program from university officials. Temple played the 2005 and 2006 seasons as an independent before playing in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) from 2007 to 2011.

In March 2012, the Owls rejoined the Big East Conference, with football membership beginning in the 2012 season and all other sports beginning conference play in 2013. After several basketball-only schools split off to form a new conference that kept the Big East name, Temple remained in the reorganized American Athletic Conference.
The Final Descent
The Final Descent is a horror novel by Rick Yancey, the fourth and final book in a series that he inaugurated in 2009 with The Monstrumologist (UK title, The Terror Beneath). It was published in September 2013 by Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, which recommends it for reader ages 14 and up, grades nine and up.

The U.S. Library of Congress catalogs The Final Descent as written by William James Henry and edited by Rick Yancey. Will Henry is the boy lead character of the series and William James Henry is a pseudonym of Rick Yancey.

The Monstrumologist
The Monstrumologist is a young adult horror novel written by American author Rick Yancey. It was published on September 22, 2009 by Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing. It is the first book in The Monstrumologist series, followed by The Curse of the Wendigo. The story follows Will Henry, an orphaned assistant to Dr. Pellinore Warthrop, a man who specializes in monstrumology, the study of monsters.

The novel received the 2010 Michael L. Printz Honor Award for excellence in young adult literature.
Laginiopsidae
The Laginiopsidae  are a taxonomic family of planktonic, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the suborder Gymnosomata, commonly called the 'sea angels'. These small pelagic snails lack shells (except in their early embryonic stage).

Laginiopsidae is represented by a single species (Laginiopsis trilobata), itself known from only a single specimen. This was one of several species described by the French malacologist Alice Pruvot-Fol. Like other Gymnosomata, the Laginiopsids are likely carnivorous, though nothing about the species' feeding habits and life history are recorded.

The body of the single species is rounded with large swimming parapoda (wings). The various tentacles, suckers, jaws, and radula typical of other Gymnosomata are all absent in this family (the lack of a radula being particularly distinctive). The head has a long proboscis tipped with the mouth and three fleshy lobes.

Sea angel
Sea angels (clade Gymnosomata) are a large group of small free-swimming sea slugs, classified into six separate families. They are pelagic opisthobranchs in the clade Gymnosomata within the larger mollusc clade Heterobranchia. Sea angels were previously considered to be pteropods.

Sea angels are also sometimes known as "sea butterflies" but this is potentially misleading because the family Clionidae is just one of the families within this clade, and the term "sea butterfly" is also applied to the shelled Thecosomata.

Recent molecular data suggest the Gymnosomata form a sister group to the Thecosomata (other planktonic, weakly or nonmineralized gastropods), but this long-standing hypothesis has also had some recent detractors.
Guayanilla, Puerto Rico
Guayanilla (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwaʝaˈniʎa], locally [waʝaˈniʝa]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located on the southern coast of the island, bordering the Caribbean Sea, south of Adjuntas, east of Yauco; and west of Peñuelas and about 12 miles (19 km) west of Ponce. Guayanilla is spread over 16 barrios and Guayanilla Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the Yauco Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Guayanilla barrio-pueblo
Guayanilla barrio-pueblo  is an urban barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Guayanilla, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,757.

As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.
Abbey of Aniane
The abbey of Aniane was a Benedictine monastery in southern France between 782 and 1790. Founded by Benedict of Aniane with the support of Charlemagne, it was a major reforming monastery in the Carolingian era. It went into decline in the 16th century, when it was placed under custodianship (1542) and sacked by Calvinists (1562). After 1633, it was a Maurist house. It was closed during the French Revolution.

Benedict of Aniane
Benedict of Aniane (Latin: Benedictus Anianensis; German: Benedikt von Aniane; c. 747 – 12 February 821 AD), born Witiza and called the Second Benedict, was a Benedictine monk and monastic reformer who had a substantial impact on the religious practice of the Carolingian Empire. His feast day is either February 11 or 12, depending on the liturgical calendar.
Paulo Ricardo (musician)
Paulo Ricardo Oliveira Nery de Medeiros (born September 23, 1962) is a Brazilian rock singer, musician and songwriter. He was a longtime member of the band RPM as a bass guitarist and vocalist. He has also released several solo albums.

RPM (band)
RPM ("Revoluções por Minuto", "Revolutions per Minute", in Brazilian Portuguese) was a Brazilian pop rock band. It was formed in 1983 by Paulo Ricardo (vocal/bass), Luiz Schiavon (keyboards), Fernando Deluqui (guitar) and Paulo Pagni (drums).
Fiji during the time of Cakobau
The first three-quarters of the 19th century were marked by tribal warfare, incursions from neighbouring Tonga, and the increasing encroachment of foreign powers. This period also saw the rise of a warlord by the name of Seru Epenisa Cakobau, who forged the first nation-state covering all of modern Fiji (except the island of Rotuma) in 1871, before ceding it to the United Kingdom in 1874.

Seru Epenisa Cakobau
Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau (pronounced [ˈseru epeˈniːsa ðakomˈbau]; occasionally spelled Cacobau) (c. 1815 – 1 February 1883) was a Fijian chief, monarch, and warlord (Vunivalu) who united part of Fiji's warring tribes, establishing a Fijian kingdom. He served as its only king from 1871 to 1874.
Anushtegin dynasty
The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English: /ænuʃtəˈɡinid/, Persian: خاندان انوشتکین), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty (Persian: خوارزمشاهیان) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin from the Bekdili clan of the Oghuz Turks. The Anushteginid dynasty ruled the Khwarazmian Empire, consisting in large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iran in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuks and the Qara Khitai (Western Liao), and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire in the 13th century.

The dynasty was founded by commander Anushtegin Gharchai, a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarazm. His son, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarazm. Anush Tigin may have belonged to either the Begdili tribe of the Oghuz Turks or to Chigil, Khalaj, Qipchaq, Qangly, or Uyghurs.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.