hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A value
A-values are numerical values used in the determination of the most stable orientation of atoms in a molecule (conformational analysis), as well as a general representation of steric bulk. A-values are derived from energy measurements of the different cyclohexane conformations of a monosubstituted cyclohexane chemical.
Substituents on a cyclohexane ring prefer to reside in the equatorial position to the axial. The difference in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) between the higher energy conformation (axial substitution) and the lower energy conformation (equatorial substitution) is the A-value for that particular substituent.

Steric effects
Steric effects  arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms. When atoms come close together there is generally a rise in the energy of the molecule. Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules. Steric effects complement electronic effects, which dictate the shape and reactivity of molecules. Steric repulsive forces between overlapping electron clouds result in structured groupings of molecules stabilized by the way that unlike charges attract and like charges repel.
Folsom Lake
Folsom Lake is a reservoir on the American River in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California, United States. Folsom Lake State Recreation Area, which encompasses the lake, is one of the most visited parks in the California park system.

Located within Placer, El Dorado, and Sacramento Counties, it is about 25 mi (40 km) northeast of Sacramento. The lake surface area is 11,500 acres (4,700 ha), its elevation is 466 ft (142 m), and it has 75 mi (121 km) of undulated shoreline.

American River
The American River is a 30-mile-long (50 km) river in California that runs from the Sierra Nevada mountain range to its confluence with the Sacramento River in downtown Sacramento. Via the Sacramento River, it is part of the San Francisco Bay watershed. This river is fed by the melting snowpack of the Sierra Nevada and its many headwaters and tributaries, including its North, Middle, and South Forks.

The American River is known for the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma in 1848 that started the California Gold Rush and contributed to the initial large-scale settlement of California by white American migrants. Today, the river still has high quality water, and it is the main source of drinking water for Sacramento. This river is dammed extensively for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power. The American River watershed supports Mediterranean, temperate, and montane ecosystems, and it is the home of a diverse array of fish and wildlife.
Anostomidae
The Anostomidae are a family of ray-finned fishes that belong to the order Characiformes. Closely related to the Chilodidae and formerly included with them, the Anostomidae contain about 150 described species. Commonly known as anostomids, they are found in freshwater habitats from the Río Atrato in northernmost South America to warm-temperate central Argentina; they are of Amazon origin, with few found west of the Andes (mainly in Colombia and Venezuela). Their scientific name approximately means "mouth on top", from Ancient Greek áno- (ἄνω) "up" (as an adverb) + stóma (στόμᾶ) "mouth", in reference to the arrangement of these fishes' mouth opening.

Chilodidae
The Chilodidae, or headstanders, are a small family of freshwater characiform fishes found in northern and central South America. This family is closely related to the family Anostomidae and is sometimes treated as a subfamily, Chilodinae, within Anostomidae.

This family was formerly referred to as "Chilodontidae". Due to issues of homonymy with two other family-rank names called "Chilodontidae", the fish family was required to change spelling to Chilodidae.

Chilodids have colourful markings, making them popular in aquariums. They are small fish, all less than 7 cm (2.8 in) in adult length, and are distinguished by their habitual head-down postures.
Phytochrome
Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor proteins found in plants, bacteria and fungi. They respond to light in the red and far-red regions of the visible spectrum and can be classed as either Type I, which are activated by far-red light, or Type II that are activated by red light. Recent advances have suggested that phytochromes also act as temperature sensors, as warmer temperatures enhance their de-activation. All of these factors contribute to the plant's ability to germinate.

Phytochromes control many aspects of plant development. They regulate the germination of seeds (photoblasty), the synthesis of chlorophyll, the elongation of seedlings, the size, shape and number and movement of leaves and the timing of flowering in adult plants. Phytochromes are widely expressed across many tissues and developmental stages.

Other plant photoreceptors include cryptochromes and phototropins, which respond to blue and ultraviolet-A light and UVR8, which is sensitive to ultraviolet-B light.

Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant.
Taky Kimura
Takauki "Taky" Kimura (Japanese: 木村 武之, March 12, 1924 – January 7, 2021) was an American martial artist who was best known as being one of Bruce Lee's top students and closest friends - and a certified instructor in Jun Fan Gung Fu, personally certified by Bruce Lee himself. Kimura was also the best man at Lee's wedding, and one of six pallbearers during his funeral, the others including Dan Inosanto, Steve McQueen, James Coburn, Peter Chin and Robert Lee, Bruce's brother.

Dan Inosanto
Dan Inosanto (born July 24, 1936) is an American martial arts instructor and actor. Inosanto holds instructor or black belt level ranks in several martial arts. He has studied traditional Karate, Judo, Jujutsu, Kung Fu, Shooto, Muay Thai, Tai Chi, Arnis, and Jeet Kune Do. He was one of three people who were appointed to teach at one of the three Jun Fan Gung Fu institutes under Bruce Lee, the other two being Taky Kimura and James Yimm Lee. After Bruce Lee's death, Inosanto became the principal spokesperson and historian for Jeet Kune Do.

Inosanto is credited for training martial arts to a number of Hollywood actors including Bruce Lee, Chuck Norris and others. He has had minor roles in a number of films, including Lee's uncompleted last film Game of Death (1972), and Steven Seagal's Out for Justice (1991).
Redpoint (climbing)
In rock climbing, a redpoint is a successful free-climb of a climbing route performed by a lead climber.

The climber can use rock-climbing equipment only for protection, not as an artificial aid to rest or climb. The climber can have attempted or practised the route many times beforehand, such as by headpointing or by top roping.

When performed on the first attempt, a successful redpoint is typically called onsight (without prior knowledge about beta), or flash (with beta provided by others). Typically, climbers try to redpoint a route after having failed to onsight or flash it.

Regardless of the number of attempts required to perform it, the first successful redpoint of a climbing route is recorded as the first free ascent (FFA) of that route.

Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Ghunghat (1962 film)
Ghunghat (Urdu: گھونگھٹ, "Face-veil") is a 1962 Pakistani musical suspense thriller film  directed by Khawaja Khurshid Anwar, who also wrote the screenplay and composed the music of the film.

The main concept was derived from Ghulam Mohammad's short story Dosheeza. The film features Nayyar Sultana and Santosh Kumar as leads with Neelo, Laila, Ghulam Mohammad and Bibbo in supporting roles.

The film was selected as the Pakistani entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 36th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. This film won four awards at the 1962 Nigar Awards, including Best Actor for Kumar and Best Music.

The film was featured in British Film Institute's critics and users' polls of "Top ten Pakistani films of all times". In November 2015, it was screened at the Lok Virsa Museum to keep the historical records of the feature films.

Khwaja Khurshid Anwar
Khwaja Khurshid Anwar (21 March 1912 − 30 October 1984) was a Pakistani filmmaker, writer, director and music composer who earned recognition in both India and Pakistan. He is credited as being one of the most original and inventive music directors of his generation.

He was the Programme Producer (Music) at (AIR), All India Radio or Akashvani (radio broadcaster), Delhi in 1939, where Indian music director Roshan was also a co-worker and later assisted him in composing film music in the 1940s.
Vivian Dandridge
Vivian Alferetta Dandridge (April 22, 1921 – October 26, 1991) was an American singer, actress and dancer. She was the older sister of actress and singer Dorothy Dandridge and the daughter of actress Ruby Dandridge. Dandridge was a member of the popular Dandridge Sisters musical group, along with Etta Jones and Dorothy Dandridge, from 1934 until the group disbanded in 1940. She went on to appear in minor roles on films and television from 1940 through the early 1960s.

Ruby Dandridge
Ruby Jean Dandridge (née Butler; March 3, 1900 – October 17, 1987) was an American actress from the early 1900s through to the late 1950s. Dandridge is best known for her role on the radio show Amos 'n Andy, in which she played Sadie Blake and Harriet Crawford, and on radio's Judy Canova Show, in which she played Geranium. She is recognized for her role in the 1959 movie A Hole in the Head as Sally. In the 1999 film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge, Ruby is portrayed by Loretta Devine.
Neptune City, New Jersey
Neptune City is a borough in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,626, a decrease of 244 (−5.0%) from the 2010 census count of 4,869, which in turn reflected a decline of 349 (−6.7%) from the 5,218 counted in the 2000 census.

The Borough of Neptune City was incorporated on October 4, 1881, based on a referendum held on March 19, 1881. The boundaries included all of present-day Neptune City, along with what is now Avon-by-the-Sea and the southern portion of Bradley Beach. On March 23, 1900, a bill approved in the New Jersey Legislature created the Borough of Avon-by-the-Sea. On March 13, 1907, the eastern portion of Neptune City was annexed to the Borough of Bradley Beach. The borough was named for Neptune, the Roman water deity, and its location on the Atlantic Ocean.

The earliest borough hall was erected in 1902 at the northwest corner of Evergreen Avenue and Railroad Avenue (now Memorial Drive).

Bradley Beach, New Jersey
Bradley Beach is a borough in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,282, a decrease of 16 (−0.4%) from the 2010 census count of 4,298, which in turn had reflected a decrease of 495 (−10.3%) from the 4,793 counted at the 2000 census. The summer population can reach 30,000.
Imparted righteousness
Imparted righteousness, in Methodist theology,  is that gracious gift of God given at the moment of the new birth which enables a Christian disciple to strive for holiness and sanctification. John Wesley believed that imparted righteousness worked in tandem with imputed righteousness. Imputed righteousness is the righteousness of Jesus credited to the Christian, enabling the Christian to be justified; imparted righteousness is what God does in Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit after justification, working in the Christian to enable and empower the process of sanctification (and, in Wesleyan thought, Christian perfection).

Imputed righteousness
Imputed righteousness is a concept in Christian theology proposing that the "righteousness of Christ ... is imputed to [believers]—that is, treated as if it were theirs—through faith.": 106  It is on the basis of Jesus' righteousness that God accepts humans. This acceptance is also referred to as justification.

The teaching of imputed righteousness is a signature doctrine of the Lutheran, Reformed and Anglican traditions of Christianity.
Red Jet 2
Red Jet 2 was a high speed catamaran passenger ferry operated by Red Funnel between Southampton and Cowes on the Isle of Wight. She was built by FB Marine in 1991. She is identical to her sister ship, Red Jet 1.

Red Jet 1
Red Jet 1 was a high speed catamaran passenger ferry operated by Red Funnel between Southampton and Cowes on the Isle of Wight. She was built by FB Marine in 1991 and was the first waterjet propelled craft to operate on the route.
Sarsfields Mountmellick LFC
Sarsfields LFC Laois is a Ladies' Gaelic Football Association club based in Mountmellick in County Laois. It fields teams in Ladies' football from juvenile up to adult.

At adult level, the club fields football teams at Senior and Junior grades. The club colours are blue and amber. Sarsfields uses the same crest as Mountmellick GAA.

Laois Ladies' Senior Football Club Championship
The Laois Ladies' Senior Football Club Championship has been running since 1976 - 46 finals. The competition has seen seven clubs winning the title, with St Conleths winning the latest in 2021, captained by Mary Cotter. The final has been played in a number of grounds around the county, often in O'Moore Park (32 times including replays). The cup is named after Lulu Carroll who was one of Laois' greatest ever ladies' footballers. The winners progress on into the provincial championship and Laois has a good record for a small county, having won the Leinster championship on 14 occasions. All-Ireland glory has proven more elusive, however, with The Heath securing Laois' only two titles, in 1985 & 1986.
Ulfborg-Vemb Municipality
Ulfborg-Vemb was a Danish municipality (Danish, kommune) in the former Ringkjøbing County on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula. The municipality existed from 1970 until 2007, and its administrative region is today part of Holstebro Municipality.

Holstebro Municipality
Holstebro Municipality (Danish: Holstebro Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 801.55 km2 (309.48 sq mi), and has a population of 59,201 (1 January 2025). Its mayor is Kenneth Tønning, a member of the conservative liberal Venstre party.

The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Holstebro.

On 1 January 2007 Holstebro municipality was, due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with existing Ulfborg-Vemb and Vinderup municipalities to form the new Holstebro municipality.

Holstebro is also known for its infamous architecture style, and its architecture's correlation to World War 2.
2019 SEA Games opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games took place on the evening of Saturday, November 30, 2019, at the Philippine Arena, in Bocaue, Bulacan. The event commenced at 19:00 PST (UTC+08:00) and ended at 20:35 local time. Floy Quintos was the creative director of the ceremony. The ceremony featured LED strips and panels, which represent a bamboo forest, and was the first indoor opening ceremony of the Southeast Asian Games.

Philippine Arena
The Philippine Arena is a multipurpose indoor arena located within the Ciudad de Victoria tourism enterprise zone in the towns of Bocaue and Santa Maria, Bulacan, Philippines. It is located about 30 kilometers (19 mi) north of Manila. With a maximum seating capacity of 55,000, it is the world's largest indoor arena, and one of the centerpieces of the many centennial projects built by the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) for their centennial celebration on July 27, 2014. The arena is legally owned by the New Era University, an educational institution of the INC. The arena was officially recognized by the Guinness World Records as the largest mixed-use indoor theater in the world on July 27, 2014.
Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia
Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (24 November [O.S. 11 November] 1902 –  31 July 1978) was the fifth son and sixth child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna. He was a nephew of Tsar Nicholas II, Russia's last tsar.

Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (Russian: Александр Михайлович, romanized: Aleksandr Mikhailovich; 13 April 1866 – 26 February 1933) was a Russian grand duke and dynast of the House of Romanov. He was also a naval officer, author, explorer, as well as the first cousin once removed, brother-in-law and advisor of Emperor Nicholas II .
Hōjō Ujiyasu
Hōjō Ujiyasu (北条 氏康; 1515 – October 21, 1571) was a daimyō (warlord) and third head of the Odawara Hōjō clan. Known as the "Lion of Sagami", he was revered as a fearsome samurai and a cunning man. He is famous for his strategies of breaking the siege from Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin. A son of Hōjō Ujitsuna (北条 氏綱), his only known wife was Imagawa Yoshimoto's sister, Zuikei-in. Among his sons are Hōjō Ujimasa and Uesugi Kagetora.

Uesugi Kagetora
Uesugi Kagetora (上杉 景虎; 1552 – April 19, 1579) was the seventh son of Hōjō Ujiyasu; known as Hōjō Saburō, he was adopted by Uesugi Kenshin, and was meant to be Kenshin's heir. However, in 1578, he was attacked in his castle at Otate by Uesugi Kagekatsu—Kagetora's respective brother-in-law—and was subsequently defeated. Kagetora committed suicide the following year in Samegao Castle.
The Crow: Stairway to Heaven
The Crow: Stairway to Heaven is a Canadian superhero television series created by Bryce Zabel. It originally aired from September 25, 1998, to May 22, 1999, consisting of 22 episodes. The series was based on the Caliber Press' The Crow comic book series. It starred Mark Dacascos as the protagonist, Eric Draven.

Crow (comics)
The Crow is a superhero and the protagonist of The Crow comic book series, originally created by American artist James O'Barr in 1989. The titular character is an undead vigilante brought back to life by a supernatural crow to avenge his murder and death of his fiancée.

The character has subsequently appeared in several feature films, a television series, and spin-off novels and comics. In the various incarnations, films, and spin-offs, many people have taken on the Crow persona in order to avenge their own wrongful deaths. In 2011, IGN ranked the Crow 37th in the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes. The Crow made his live-action debut in the 1994 film The Crow, portrayed by Brandon Lee. Later, The Crow was portrayed by Mark Dacascos in the 1998 television series The Crow: Stairway to Heaven.
Godrej family
The Godrej family is an Indian Gujarati Parsi family that largely owns and manages the Godrej Group, a conglomerate founded by Ardeshir Godrej and his brother Pirojsha Burjorji Godrej in 1897. The family operates in various sectors, including real estate, consumer products, industrial engineering, appliances, furniture, security, and agricultural products. The family is led by Adi Godrej, along with his brother Nadir Godrej and their cousin Jamshyd Godrej. As of 2023, their estimated net worth was reported to be US$16.7 billion.

Nadir Godrej
Nadir Burjorji Godrej (born 1951) is an Indian chemical engineer, industrialist and member of the Godrej family. He is managing director of Godrej Industries, one of India's biggest businesses, and as chairman of Godrej Agrovet.

In October 2024, Adi and Nadir Godrej were ranked 21st on Forbes list of India’s 100 richest tycoons, with a net worth of $11.2 billion.
Walton-on-Thames railway station
Walton-on-Thames railway station is at the southern edge of the town of Walton-on-Thames in Surrey, England and borders Burwood Park, Hersham. It is 17 miles 6 chains (27.5 km) from London Waterloo and is situated between Hersham and Weybridge.

The station's main entrance borders the Ashley Park area of the largely residential town and features a taxi rank and pick-up apron. The station opened as Walton for Hersham in 1838 and today has rush hour services two stops from central London.

Only the two outer platforms on the slow lines are currently used. The central island platform is disused.

Hersham railway station
Opened on 28 September 1936, Hersham railway station is on the London to Woking line and operated by South Western Railway.  The station is 0.7 miles (1.1 km) north of Hersham village centre, adjoined to one side by housing and the other by fields and a golf course. It is 15 miles 73 chains (25.6 km) from London Waterloo and is situated between Esher and Walton-on-Thames.
Králický Sněžník Mountains
The Králický Sněžník Mountains or Śnieżnik Mountains (Polish: Masyw Śnieżnika, Czech: Králický Sněžník, German: Glatzer Schneegebirge) is a massif and mountain range in the Eastern Sudetes on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland.

Eastern Sudetes
The Eastern Sudetes (Polish: Sudety Wschodnie, Czech: Východní Sudety or Jesenická oblast) are the eastern part of the Sudetes mountains on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland. They stretch from the Kłodzko Valley and the Eastern Neisse River in the west down to the Moravian Gate in the east, leading to the Outer Western Carpathians.
Hill Auditorium
Hill Auditorium is a concert hall in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The auditorium is located on the Central Campus of the University of Michigan, and is managed by the university's School of Music, Theatre, and Dance. Hill Auditorium seats approximately 3,500 guests, and regularly hosts musical performances, lectures, and graduation ceremonies.

The auditorium was named in honor of Arthur Hill (1847–1909), who served as a regent of the university from 1901 to 1909. He bequeathed $200,000 (equivalent to $7 million in 2024) to the university for the construction of a venue for lectures, musical performances, and other large productions. Opened in 1913, the auditorium was designed by Albert Kahn and Associates. It was renovated by the same firm beginning in 2002 and was re-opened in 2004.

School of Music, Theatre, and Dance
The School of Music, Theatre, and Dance (SMTD) is the undergraduate and graduate school for the performing arts of the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.

The school was founded in 1880 as the Ann Arbor School of Music. It was originally independent from the university until 1929.

The School is located on the University of Michigan's North Campus, which is also home to the College of Engineering, the Stamps School of Art and Design, and the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning.