hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foumban
Foumban or Fumban is a city in Cameroon, lying north east of Bafoussam.  It has a population of 83,522 (at the 2005 Census). It is a major town for the Bamoun people and is home to a museum of traditional arts and culture.  Foumban is known for its political significance in the formation of Cameroon's history and its cultural, tourism and economic potential. There is also a market and a craft centre, while Foumban Royal Palace contains a museum with information on Ibrahim Njoya who invented a new language script, Bamum script, and the artificial language Shümom.

5°43′N 10°55′E﻿ / ﻿5.717°N 10.917°E﻿ / 5.717; 10.917

Bamum people
The Bamum, sometimes called Bamoum, Bamun, Bamoun, or Mum, are a Grassfields ethnic group located in Cameroon. In 2018, the Bamum and Bamileke peoples accounted for about 24% of the country's population. The Kingdom of Bamum covers approximately 7,300 km.: 70  The Kingdom of Bamum was surrounded to the north by the territory of Cameroon, from the west and south-west the kingdom's boundary touches the River Nun while the Rivers Mape and the Mbam surround it to the east.: 38

Climate in the Kingdom consists of two seasons: a long rainy season, and a short dry season. This is mainly due to its location between a forest zone in the south and a tropical savannah grassland in the north. The length of the two seasons last for irregular time lengths.: 71
Hi-Vision
Hi-Vision (a contraction of HIgh-definition teleVISION) is the term used to refer to a high-definition television (HDTV) standard developed in Japan. It is a registered trademark of NHK Engineering Systems. The standard was never implemented outside of the country and was only available in media formats abroad.

Sony HDVS
Sony HDVS (High-Definition Video System) is a range of high-definition video equipment developed in the 1980s to support the Japanese Hi-Vision standard, an early analog high-definition television system. The range included professional video cameras, video monitors and linear video editing systems.
Harmon Northrop Morse
Harmon Northrop Morse (October 15, 1848 – September 8, 1920) was an American chemist. Today he is known as the first to have synthesized paracetamol, but this substance only became widely used as a drug decades after Morse's death. In the first half of the 20th century he was best known for his study of osmotic pressure, for which he was awarded the Avogadro Medal in 1916. The Morse equation for estimating osmotic pressure is named after him.

Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. Potential osmotic pressure is the maximum osmotic pressure that could develop in a solution if it was not separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.

Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. The transfer of solvent molecules will continue until osmotic equilibrium is attained.
Hans-Jochen Jaschke
Hans-Jochen Jaschke (29 September 1941 – 11 July 2023) was a German Catholic prelate. He was auxiliary bishop of Osnabrück from 1989 to 1994 and of Hamburg from 1994 to 2016. He was responsible for ecumenism and inter-religious dialogue, and represented the Catholic Church in the media.

Diocese of Osnabrück
The Diocese of Osnabrück (Latin: Dioecesis Osnabrugensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic church in Germany. The diocese was originally founded circa 800. It should not be confused with the smaller Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück–an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire until 1803–over which the bishop, as prince-bishop, exercised both temporal and spiritual authority.
Saulieu
Saulieu (French pronunciation: [soljø]) is a rural commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Its 2,413 inhabitants (in 2017) call themselves Sédélociens.

Capital of the Morvan, situated within the Morvan Regional Natural Park, Saulieu lies 250 km southeast of Paris on the RN6 road.

Morvan Regional Natural Park
Morvan Regional Natural Park (French: Parc naturel régional du Morvan, pronounced [paʁk natyʁɛl ʁeʒjɔnal dy mɔʁvɑ̃]) is a protected area of woodlands, lakes and traditional farmland in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of central France. It covers a total area of 285,000 hectares (700,000 acres) and extends through four different departments with the majority being in Nièvre. The area was officially designated as a regional natural park in 1970.

The maison du parc (main visitors center) is located in the small commune of Saint-Brisson. It maintains one of the park's six natural history museums (Écomusée de Morvan).
2010 Sark general election
General elections were held in Sark on 8 December 2010, the second elections held on the island under the 2008 Constitution. The elections were for 14 of the seats that had been elected in the 2008 elections, for a four-year term.

Twenty-one candidates contested the elections.

Sark
Sark (Sercquiais: Sèr or Cerq, French: Sercq) is an island in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, and part of the archipelago of the Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a self-governing British Crown Dependency, with its own set of laws based on Norman law, and its own parliament. It was a royal fiefdom until 2008, when the Constitution of Sark went into effect.

Sark has a population of about 500. Including the nearby island of Brecqhou, it has an area of 2.10 square miles (5.44 km2). Little Sark is a peninsula joined by a natural but high and very narrow isthmus to the rest of Sark Island.

Sark is one of the few places in the world where cars are banned from roads, and only tractors, bicycles, and horse-drawn vehicles are allowed. In 2011, Sark was designated as a Dark Sky Community and the first Dark Sky Island in the world.
Platinum Hit
Platinum Hit is a 2011 reality competition series on Bravo, in which 12 singer-songwriters compete through innovative songwriting challenges that tested their creativity, patience and drive. The series was created and produced by Evan Bogart. Every episode featured a different topic – from a dance track to a love ballad – that required the contestants to write and perform lyrics from various genres, for a cash prize of $100,000, a publishing deal with songwriting collective The Writing Camp, and a recording deal with RCA/Jive label. The show ran for one season, and Sonyae Elise was named the winner of that season.

The show was originally to be entitled Hitmakers and was later changed to Going Platinum before settling on its final title.

E. Kidd Bogart
Evan Kidd Bogart (born January 23, 1978) is an American songwriter, music publisher, record executive and television producer. He is the son of Casablanca Records founder Neil Bogart and former Kiss manager Joyce Bogart Trabulus. Bogart has won a Grammy Award for his songwriting work on Beyoncé's 2008 single "Halo", from three total nominations. He has served as National Trustee for The Recording Academy and Chair of their Songwriters & Composers Wing since 2022.
Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments
The Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG) is a regional governmental organization which consists of representation of a large number of public agencies within Monterey County, Santa Cruz County and San Benito County, California. AMBAG has a broad charter of research and governmental oversight for a variety of functions including elements of land planning, natural resource conservation, energy, transportation, and economic development. The following governmental entities are members of AMBAG:

San Benito County, California
San Benito County (/ˌsæn bəˈniːtoʊ/ ⓘ; San Benito, Spanish for "St. Benedict"), officially the County of San Benito, is a county located in the Central Coast region of California. Situated in the California Coast Ranges, the county had a population of 64,209, as of the 2020 United States census. The county seat is the city of Hollister.

San Benito County is included in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. El Camino Real passes through the county and includes one mission in San Juan Bautista.
António Calvário
António Calvário da Paz (born 17 October 1938) is a Portuguese singer, actor, and writer. He is best known for winning the first edition of Festival da Canção and representing Portugal at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1964 with the song "Oração", which was the country's debut entry in the contest.

Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1964
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1964 with the song "Oração", composed by João Nobre, with lyrics by Francisco Nicholson and Rogério Bracinha, and performed by António Calvário. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP), selected its entry for the contest at the Grande Prémio TV da Canção Portuguesa 1964. This was the first-ever entry from Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest, and the first-ever entry performed in Portuguese in the contest.
Armageddon (1998 film)
Armageddon is a 1998 American science fiction disaster film directed by Michael Bay and co-produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. The film follows a group of blue-collar deep-core drillers sent by NASA to destroy a gigantic asteroid, which is the size of Texas, on a collision course with Earth. It stars an ensemble cast including Bruce Willis with Billy Bob Thornton, Liv Tyler, Ben Affleck, Will Patton, Peter Stormare, Keith David, Owen Wilson, William Fichtner and Steve Buscemi.

The film released on July 1, 1998 by Buena Vista Pictures through its Touchstone Pictures label. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, Armageddon was a commercial success, grossing $553.7 million worldwide against a $140 million budget, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1998, and the highest-grossing film to be released by Touchstone Pictures.

1998 in film
Many significant films were released in 1998, including Shakespeare in Love, Saving Private Ryan, Armageddon, American History X, The Truman Show, Primary Colors, Rushmore, Rush Hour, There's Something About Mary, The Big Lebowski, and Terrence Malick's directorial return in The Thin Red Line.
Collodion
Collodion is a flammable, syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in ether and alcohol. There are two basic types: flexible and non-flexible. The flexible type is often used as a surgical dressing or to hold dressings in place. When painted on the skin, collodion dries to form a flexible nitrocellulose film. While it is initially colorless, it discolors over time. Non-flexible collodion is often used in theatrical make-up. Collodion was also the basis of most wet-plate photography until it was superseded by modern gelatin emulsions.

Collodion process
The collodion process is an early photographic process for the production of grayscale images. The collodion process – mostly synonymized with the term "wet-plate process", requires the photographic material to be coated, sensitized, exposed, and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes, necessitating a portable darkroom for use in the field. Collodion is normally used in its wet form, but it can also be used in its dry form, at the cost of greatly increased exposure time. The increased exposure time made the dry form unsuitable for the usual portraiture work of most professional photographers of the 19th century. The use of the dry form was mostly confined to landscape photography and other special applications where exposure times sometimes longer than a half hour were tolerable.
Chicago Mustangs (1967–68)
The Chicago Mustangs were an American professional soccer team based out of Chicago, Illinois, and were a charter member of the United Soccer Association (USA) in 1967. When the USA and rival National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) merged in 1968 to form the North American Soccer League (NASL), the team moved to the new league. The Mustangs played its home matches at Comiskey Park. The team folded at the conclusion of the 1968 NASL season.

United Soccer Association
The United Soccer Association (USA) was a professional soccer league featuring teams based in the United States and Canada. The league survived only one season before merging with the National Professional Soccer League to form the North American Soccer League. Every team in the league was actually an imported European or South American club, that was then outfitted with a "local" name. Dick Walsh served as the commissioner.
Walter Reed
Walter Reed (September 13, 1851 – November 23, 1902) was a U.S. Army physician who in 1901 led the team that confirmed the theory of Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species rather than by direct contact. This insight gave impetus to the new fields of epidemiology and biomedicine, and most immediately allowed the resumption and completion of work on the Panama Canal (1904–1914) by the United States. Reed followed work started by Finlay and directed by George Miller Sternberg, who has been called the "first U.S. bacteriologist".

Carlos Finlay
Carlos Juan Finlay (December 3, 1833 – August 20, 1915) was a Cuban epidemiologist recognized as a pioneer in the research of yellow fever, determining that it was transmitted through mosquitoes Aedes aegypti.
Bolhrad Raion
Bolhrad Raion (Ukrainian: Болградський район; Bulgarian: Болградски район; Romanian: Raionul Bolgrad) is a raion (district) in Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. It is part of the historical region of Bessarabia. Its administrative center is the town of Bolhrad. Population: 144,377 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Odesa Oblast was reduced to seven and the area of Bolhrad Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Artsyz and Tarutyne Raions, were merged into Bolhrad Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 66,666 (2020 est.).

Bolhrad
Bolhrad (Ukrainian: Болград, romanized: Bolhrad, pronounced [bolˈɦrɑd]; Bulgarian: Болград, romanized: Bolgrad; Romanian: Bolgrad, Gagauz: Bolgrad) is a small city in Odesa Oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Budjak. It is the administrative center of Bolhrad Raion (district) and hosts the administration of Bolhrad urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 14,818 (2022 estimate).
Idiopathic chronic fatigue
Idiopathic chronic fatigue (ICF) or chronic idiopathic fatigue or insufficient/idiopathic fatigue is a term used for cases of unexplained fatigue that have lasted at least six consecutive months and which do not meet the criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Such fatigue is widely understood to have a profound effect on the lives of patients who experience it.

Fatigue
Fatigue is a state of being without energy for a prolonged period of time. Fatigue is used in two contexts: in the medical sense, and in the sense of normal tiredness.

In the medical sense, fatigue is seen as a symptom, and is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states. However, fatigue is complex and in up to a third of primary care cases no medical or psychiatric diagnosis is found.

In the sense of tiredness, fatigue often follows prolonged physical or mental activity. Physical fatigue results from muscle fatigue brought about by intense physical activity. Mental fatigue results from prolonged periods of cognitive activity which impairs cognitive ability, can manifest as sleepiness, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue, and can also impair physical performance.
AC75
The AC75 (America's Cup 75) is a racing yacht used in the 2021 America's Cup and 37th America's Cup matches and planned to be used for the 38th America's Cup match. The 23 m (75 ft) monohulls feature  wing-like sailing hydrofoils mounted under the hull, a soft wingsail, and no keel.

Sailing hydrofoil
A sailing hydrofoil, hydrofoil sailboat, or hydrosail is a sailboat with wing-like foils mounted under the hull. As the craft increases its speed the hydrofoils lift the hull up and out of the water, greatly reducing wetted area, resulting in decreased drag and increased speed. A sailing hydrofoil can achieve speeds exceeding double and in some cases triple the wind speed.

Both monohull and multihull sailboats can be retrofitted with hydrofoils, although greater stability can be achieved by using the wider planform of a catamaran or trimaran.
Clan MacAlister
Clan MacAlister is a Scottish Clan. The clan is the earliest branch to have split off from Clan Donald, claiming descent from Alasdair Mòr, son of Domhnall founder of Clan Donald. From Alasdair Mòr the clans takes its surname MacAlister; this surname is an Anglicisation of the Gaelic MacAlasdair meaning "son of Alasdair". In the 15th century the chief of the clan was seated in Kintyre, and the clan was centred there until the 18th century, when a chief sold the family estate in preference to an estate in the Scottish Lowlands.

Alasdair Mór
Alasdair Mór mac Domhnaill was a younger son of Domhnall mac Raghnaill—the eponymous ancestor of Clan Donald. He first appears on record in 1253, when it is recorded as witnessing a charter by his brother, Aonghus Mór, to Paisley Abbey. According to the 19th century Clan Donald historians Angus and Archibald Macdonald, Alasdair Mór must have been a prominent man as he is the only recorded brother of Aonghus Mór. He is recorded in the Annals of Connacht, in the year 1299, as being a man noted for being a "generous and bounteous man". In that year he was slain in a conflict with Alasdair of Argyll and the MacDougalls. He is said to have had at least five sons: Dòmhnall, Gòraidh, Donnchadh, Eoin and Eachann. Alasdair Mòr was succeeded in the representation of his clan by Dòmhnall. Today he is considered to be the eponymous ancestor of Clan MacAlister.
Marjorie Kendig
Marjorie Kendig Gates (1892–1981), best known as M . Kendig, was an American administrator, director of the Institute of General Semantics from 1950 until 1965, and co-worker of Alfred Korzybski, who developed the theory of general semantics. She completed Korzybski's collected writings after his death in 1950.

Institute of General Semantics
The Institute of General Semantics (IGS) is a not-for-profit corporation established in 1938 by Alfred Korzybski, to support research and publication on the topic of general semantics. The Institute publishes Korzybski's writings, including the seminal text Science & Sanity, and books by other authors who have studied or taught general semantics, such as Robert Pula, Irving J. Lee, Wendell Johnson, and Stuart Chase. Every year since 1952, it has sponsored the Alfred Korzybski Memorial Lecture, with presenters from a broad range of disciplines, from science to medicine to entertainment, including names like actor Steve Allen, psychologist Albert Ellis, scientist and visionary R. Buckminster Fuller, linguist Allen Walker Read, and philosopher F. S. C. Northrop. The Institute offers periodic seminars, workshops and conferences and is headquartered in New York City.
Ogden Bruton
Ogden Carr Bruton (14 June 1908, Mount Gilead, North Carolina – 20 January 2003) was a pediatrician and chief of pediatrics at Walter Reed Army Hospital, where he organized the first pediatric residency at this hospital.  He made important advances in the field of immunology as an immunologist.
The condition he discovered is sometimes referenced by his name: "Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia".
The gene associated with this defect is also named after him: Btk, abbreviation for Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (abbreviated Btk or BTK), also known as tyrosine-protein kinase BTK, is a tyrosine kinase that is encoded by the BTK gene in humans. BTK plays a crucial role in B cell development.
April Boys
April Boys were a Filipino musical group whose members are brothers Vingo and Jimmy Regino. Older brother April Boy Regino was also a member upon the group's formation in 1993. He appeared on their first album before leaving to become a solo artist in 1995.

April Boy Regino
Dennis Magloyuan Regino (April 9, 1961 – November 29, 2020), known professionally as April Boy Regino (Tagalog: [rɛˈhino]), was a Filipino singer, songwriter, and actor who popularized ballads such as "Paano ang Puso Ko", "Umiiyak ang Puso" and "Di Ko Kayang Tanggapin" in the 1990s and novelty songs such as "Ye Ye Vonnel". He always wore a baseball cap in public as a trademark. As of 2005, Regino has sold over 500,000 albums in the Philippines.
Shenzhen Senior High School
Shenzhen Senior High School (深圳市高级中学), also known to its students as "Purple Castle" (紫色城堡), is a high school located in Shenzhen, China. The school has campuses in Futian District, Longhua District, and Pingshan District.

Futian, Shenzhen
Futian District (simplified Chinese: 福田区; traditional Chinese: 福田區; pinyin: Fútián Qū; Jyutping: fuk1tin4 keoi1) is one of the nine districts comprising the city of Shenzhen, China. The district is home to the government and Municipal Committee of Shenzhen, as well as one of the city's central business district (CBD).
Audrey Diwan
Audrey Diwan (French pronunciation: [odʁe diwan]; born 1980) is a French film director. Prior to becoming a film director, she worked as a journalist and a screenwriter. In 2021, her film Happening won the Golden Lion at the 78th Venice International Film Festival in a "unanimous decision."

Golden Lion
The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is widely regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes. In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice. In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.
Monique van Vooren
Monique van Vooren (March 25, 1927 – January 25, 2020) was a Belgian-American actress, singer, and writer. Her career spanned Broadway, cabaret, film, and television. She appeared in films such as Tarzan and the She-Devil (1953) and Andy Warhol's Frankenstein (1973), and made guest appearances on TV shows including Batman (1968) as the Penguin's associate. Her album, Mink in Hi-Fi, was released in 1958 and her book, Night Sanctuary, was published in 1981. Van Vooren died of cancer at age 92 in Manhattan.

Flesh for Frankenstein
Flesh for Frankenstein is a 1973 horror film written and directed by Paul Morrissey. It stars Udo Kier, Joe Dallesandro, Monique van Vooren and Arno Juerging.

In West Germany and the United States, the film was released as Andy Warhol's Frankenstein and was presented in the Space-Vision 3D process in premiere engagements. It was rated X by the MPAA due to its explicit sexuality, nudity and violence. In the 1970s, a 3-D version played in London and Stockholm. A 3-D version also played in Australia in 1986, along with Blood for Dracula. The gruesomeness of the action was intensified in the original release by the use of 3D.