hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahali group
The al-Ahali Group (Arabic: مجموعة الاهالي) was a political association formed in 1930 by a collection of non-sectarian, middle class Iraqi youth frustrated with the Iraqi monarchy. Although it was not an official party, it was a successor to the Watani (National) party and home to several important Iraqi Cabinet and Parliament members, including Ja'far Abu al-Timman, Hikmat Sulayman, Kamil Chadirji, and Mohammed Hadid. Perhaps more importantly, its history illustrated the often complex task of navigating reform in the ideological and socio-political climate that predominated under the monarchy. It transformed from a radical left youth organization, to a more moderate reformist group under the aforementioned senior politicians, to an unfortunate accomplice in the Bakr Sidqi coup, and finally dissolved in protest over said coup's brutality and disregard for reform.

Kamil Chadirji
Kamil Chadirji (1897–1968, Arabic: كامل الجادرچي), also spelled Kamil al-Chadirji or Kamel al-Chaderji, was an Iraqi politician, photographer, lawyer, activist, and founder of the National Democratic Party in Iraq. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Iraq in the 1920s and 1950s. He was the father of notable modernist architect, Rifat Chadirji and political leader, Naseer al-Chaderchi. He is noted for founding the National Democratic Party with a left-wing program and was an influential political figure in political life who opposed the monarchy and pursued a social reform agenda.
Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway
The Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway was the section of railway line between Glasgow Bridge Street railway station and Paisley, in the west of Scotland. It was constructed and operated jointly by two competing railway companies as the stem of their lines to Greenock and Ayr respectively, and it opened in 1840. The Joint Committee, which controlled the line, built a branch to Govan and later to Cessnock Dock, and then Prince's Dock.

With the passing of the Railways Act 1921 (Grouping Act) the line, together with the Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow and South Western Railway, became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS).

The line is still in heavy use today as the eastern end of the Inverclyde Line and the Ayrshire Coast Line.

Ayrshire Coast Line
The Ayrshire Coast Line is one of the lines within the Strathclyde suburban rail network in Scotland. It has 26 stations and connects the Ayrshire coast to Glasgow. There are three branches, to Largs, Ardrossan Harbour and Ayr, all running into the high level at Glasgow Central.

The route is operated by ScotRail.
Petaluma, California
Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 59,776 according to the 2020 census.

Petaluma's name comes from the Miwok village named Péta Lúuma that was located on the banks of the Petaluma River.  The modern city originates in Rancho Petaluma, granted in 1834 to famed Californio statesman Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, considered to be the founder of Petaluma. Today, Petaluma is known for its well-preserved historic center and as a local hub for the Petaluma Valley region of Sonoma County.

Rancho Petaluma
Rancho Petaluma was a 66,622-acre (269.61 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Sonoma County, California given in 1834 by Governor José Figueroa to Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo.  Rancho Petaluma stretched from Petaluma River on the west over the hills and down to Sonoma Creek on the east, including all land that lay between these two waterways from the edge of San Francisco Bay to approximately the present site of Glen Ellen. The rancho included present-day Petaluma and Lakeville.
Mark Jindrak
Mark Robert Jindrak (born June 26, 1977) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under his birth name, and for his appearances with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) under the ring name Marco Corleone. He is a former CMLL World Heavyweight Champion, CMLL World Trios Champion, and WCW World Tag Team Champion.

Johnny Stamboli
Jonathan Hugger (born April 20, 1977) is an American professional wrestler.  He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling under the ring name Johnny the Bull, for World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring name Johnny Stamboli, and for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, Lucha Libre AAA World Wide and Lucha Libre USA under the ring name Rellik.
Minister of Air (France)
From 1928-1947, the Minister of Air was, in the Government of France (and during the Vichy Regime), the cabinet member in charge of the French Air Force.  The position no longer exists and its functions have been merged with the Minister of Defense.

Minister of the Armed Forces (France)
The Minister of the Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs (French: Ministre des Armées et des Anciens combattants, lit. 'Minister of the Armies and Veterans') is the leader and most senior official of the French Ministry of the Armed Forces, tasked with running the French Armed Forces. The minister is the third-highest civilian having authority over France's military, behind the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister. Based on the governments, they may be assisted by a minister or state secretary for veterans' affairs.

The office is considered to be one of the core positions of the Government of France. The previous minister Bruno Le Maire, resigned on 6 October 2025.
International adoption
International adoption (also referred to as intercountry adoption or transnational adoption) is a type of adoption in which an individual or couple residing in one country becomes the legal and permanent parent(s) of a child who is a national of another country. International adoptions are often, but not always, also transcultural or interracial adoptions.

The laws of countries vary in their willingness to allow international adoptions. Some countries have established rules and procedures for international adoptions, while other countries expressly forbid it. Other countries, notably many African nations, have residency requirements for adoptive parents that in effect rule out most international adoptions. Where permitted, prospective adoptive parents must meet the legal adoption requirements of their country of residence and those of the country whose nationality the child holds.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
In Parts Assembled Solely
In Parts Assembled Solely is the fourth EP by Spahn Ranch, released on May 21, 1996, by Cleopatra Records. It comprises six remixes and four live versions of tracks from the band's 1995 album The Coiled One.

Spahn Ranch (band)
Spahn Ranch was an American electro-industrial group from Los Angeles. Active from 1992 to 2000, the band played a subgenre of industrial music with its fusion of electronic dance, industrial and gothic music.
Guillaume Desautels
Guillaume Desautels (1529-1599) was a French poet of the sixteenth century associated with La Pléiade.

He was born in 1529 in Burgundy. The exact place of birth is not formally known. Some sources gives Montcenis, Charolles, Vernoble in a château (now disappeared) of his father near Genouilly and Le Puley in "Les Hôtels" House, the second château of his family. He was the son of Syacre Desautels and Anne de la Vesure (de la Visine).  He died about 1599 in Lyon.  Various sources give the years 1570, 1576, 1579 and 1581 as well as "after 1584".  One source says he lived to be 70 years of age; his last published work was in 1597.

La Pléiade
La Pléiade (French pronunciation: [la plejad]) was a group of 16th-century French Renaissance poets whose principal members were Pierre de Ronsard, Joachim du Bellay and Jean-Antoine de Baïf.  The name was a reference to another literary group, the original Alexandrian Pleiad of seven Alexandrian poets and tragedians (3rd century B.C.), corresponding to the seven stars of the Pleiades star cluster.
Muscats Motors
The Muscats Motors showroom, belonging to a car dealership of the same name, is a building located in Gżira, Malta. It was designed by Joseph Colombo in the Streamline Moderne style, and it is the only building of that style in Malta. It was constructed in around 1945 on the site of an earlier garage which had been destroyed in World War II. Today, the building is in good condition and it still serves its original purpose as a showroom.

Streamline Moderne
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity.

In France, it was called the style paquebot, or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS Normandie, launched in 1932.
Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland
Isobel Jane Miller Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, DCVO (née Richard; born 11 May 1958), is a British aristocrat and businesswoman. She served as Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland from 2009 to 2024, and is best known for redeveloping the Alnwick Garden at Alnwick Castle. She was the first woman to serve as Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland. Her husband, Ralph, is the 12th Duke of Northumberland.

Duke of Northumberland
Duke of Northumberland is a title that has been created three times in English and British history, twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of Great Britain. The current holder of this title is Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland.
Strange Frequencies: Taiwan Killer Hospital
Strange Frequencies: Taiwan Killer Hospital is a 2024 Philippine found footage supernatural horror film based on the 2018 South Korean film Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum. The film stars Enrique Gil, Jane de Leon, Alexa Miro, MJ Lastimosa, Raf Pineda and Ryan "Zarckaroo" Azurin. Produced by Reality MM Studios and Creative Leaders Group 8, it serves as an official entry to the 2024 Metro Manila Film Festival.

The film was later released in Netflix on September 5, 2025, and it debuted at the number 1 spot on Netflix's top 10 movies in the Philippines.

2024 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 2024 Metro Manila Film Festival (MMFF) was held from December 25, 2024 to January 14, 2025 as the 50th edition of the annual Metro Manila Film Festival. During the festival, no foreign films are shown in Philippine theaters (excluding IMAX and 4D theaters).
Medway Navigation
The River Medway in England flows for 70 miles (113 km) from Turners Hill, in West Sussex, through Tonbridge, Maidstone and the Medway Towns conurbation in Kent, to the River Thames at Sheerness, where it shares the latter's estuary. The Medway Navigation runs from the Leigh Barrier south of Tonbridge to Allington just north of Maidstone. It is 19 miles (31 km) in length. The Environment Agency is the navigation authority responsible for the navigation.

River Medway
The River Medway is a river in South East England. It rises in the High Weald, West Sussex and flows through Tonbridge, Maidstone and the Medway conurbation in Kent, before emptying into the Thames Estuary near Sheerness, a total distance of 70 miles (113 km). About 13 miles (21 km) of the river lies in East Sussex, with the remainder being in Kent.

The Medway has a catchment area of 930 square miles (2,409 km2), the second largest in southern England after the Thames. The map opposite shows only the major tributaries: a more detailed map shows the extensive network of smaller streams feeding into the main river. Those tributaries rise from points along the North Downs, the Weald and Ashdown Forest.
Eger wine region
Eger wine region (Hungarian: Egri borvidék) is a Hungarian wine region in North-Eastern Hungary. It is famous for its red blend, Egri Bikavér and for some whites like Egri Leányka, Debrői Hárslevelű or Egerszóláti Olaszrizling. Its center is the town of Eger.

Nagy-Eged Hill
The Nagy-Eged Hill (which is located in the Eger Wine Region in Central Europe, Hungary) is an emblematic wine producing site. It is Hungary’s highest altitude terroir. Based on its unique location, soil composition and climate, it is the most valuable terroir in the region. It is Eger’s Grand Cru terroir.
Grant v Australian Knitting Mills
Grant v Australian Knitting Mills is a landmark case in consumer and negligence law from 1935, holding that where a manufacturer knows that a consumer may be injured if the manufacturer does not take reasonable care, the manufacturer owes a duty to the consumer to take that reasonable care. It continues to be cited as an authority in legal cases, and used as an example for students studying law.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
Shirley, Southampton
Shirley is a broad district and a former village on the western side of Southampton, in the ceremonial county of Hampshire, England. Shirley's main roles are retailing and residential. It is the most important suburban shopping area in the west of the city. Housing is a mixture of council houses in the centre of the district surrounded by private housing, with larger suburban houses concentrated in Upper Shirley. Shirley is separated from Highfield by Southampton Common, a large green public space.

Millbrook, Southampton
Millbrook is a suburb and former civil parish of Southampton, in the ceremonial county of Hampshire, England. As the area developed, several settlements grew within the parish, some of them becoming parishes in their own right, thus reducing the extent of the Millbrook parish. As well as the Millbrook of today, the original Millbrook parish included Freemantle, Regents Park, and Redbridge. Some of these areas are still referred to as being part of Millbrook. The brook that Millbrook was named after is now known as Tanner's Brook.
LFA President's Cup
The LFA President's Cup was an association football cup competition featuring League of Ireland clubs affiliated to the Leinster Football Association. It was played for between 1930 and 2002. It was a de facto national super cup and on twenty four occasions featured the League of Ireland champions against the FAI Cup winners. The Football Association of Ireland also organised similar competitions, such as the Top Four Cup and the FAI Super Cup, both of which co-existed with the LFA President's Cup. Since 2014 the FAI has organised their own similarly named super cup, the President's Cup.

Leinster Football Association
The Leinster Football Association (LFA) is the governing body for association football in the Irish province of Leinster. It is responsible for organizing the Leinster Senior Cup and the Leinster Senior League as well as numerous other leagues and cup competitions for junior and youth teams. It was founded in 1892 and is the oldest football association in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Outside of the United Kingdom, only the national football associations of Denmark and the Netherlands are older. It was originally affiliated to the Belfast–based Irish Football Association, but following the  partition of Ireland in 1921, it seceded from the IFA and subsequently played a leading role in the establishment of the Dublin–based Football Association of Ireland. It remains closely associated with the FAI and even shares a headquarters.
Wiltshire Police
Wiltshire Police, formerly known as Wiltshire Constabulary, is the territorial police force responsible for policing the county of Wiltshire (including the Borough of Swindon) in South West England.

The force serves 722,000 people over an area of 1,346 square miles (3,490 km2). In terms of officer numbers, it is the second smallest force in the United Kingdom (after the City of London Police).

Gloucestershire Constabulary
Gloucestershire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the non-metropolitan county of Gloucestershire in South West England.

The force formerly covered the area of South Gloucestershire, however this was transformed to the newly formed Avon and Somerset Constabulary in 1974.
Kitasoo/Xaixais First Nation
The Kitasoo/Xaixais First Nation, also known as the Kitasoo/Xaixais Nation, is the band government of the First Nations people of Klemtu, British Columbia, Canada.  The band comprises two ethnic groups who share an ancient alliance, the Kitasoo, a Tsimshian group, and the Xai'xais, a North-Wakashan speaking group.  The government is a member of the Oweekeno-Kitasoo-Nuxalk Tribal Council and a member of the Tsimshian First Nations treaty council.

Kitasoo
The Kitasoo are one of the 14 tribes of the Tsimshian people in Canada, who inhabit, along with the Xai'xais, the village of Klemtu, British Columbia.  The name Kitasoo derives from the Tsimshian name Gidestsu, from git- (people of) and disdzuu, which refers to a large, tiered house-depression.  The Kitasoo, along with the Gitga'ata Tsimshians at Hartley Bay, B.C., are often classed as "Southern Tsimshian," their traditional language being the southern dialect of the Tsimshian language.  Their band government is the Kitasoo/Xaixais First Nation, a member government of the Wuikinuxv-Kitasoo-Nuxalk Tribal Council.

The anthropologist Marius Barbeau recorded in 1947 that John Starr was of the "Klemtu" tribe and held the hereditary name Lagax'niitsk.
Abai Square
The Abai Square (Kazakh: Абай алаңы, romanized: Abai alañy) is a city square in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It is named after the Kazakh poet and enlightener Abai Qunanbaiuly whose monument is located in the middle. The square features a public garden and a number of fountains clad in granite. The square is located in front of the Palace of the Republic and around it are the Hotel Kazakhstan, Arman cinema, and a cable station linking to the Kók Tóbe Park.

The Abai Square is known to frequently host as a space for public gatherings, ceremonies, and concerts.

Palace of the Republic, Almaty
Palace of the Republic is a concert hall building located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It is intended for concerts, festivals and other cultural events. It was one of the premiere sites for the Eurasia Film Festival. Outside, with the fountains on the square in front of the Palace and the monument of the Kazakh poet Abai, Palace of the Republic is one of the main known attractions of Almaty from the Kunaev era. The building is located at the Abai Square in cross road section of Dostyq and Abai Avenue.

It is considered as a monument based on an urban planning and architecture since January 26, 1982.
Leadership Foundation for Higher Education
The Leadership Foundation for Higher Education (LFHE) was an organisation in the United Kingdom providing support and advice on leadership, governance and management for higher education, based in Holborn, London. It was merged into Advance HE in 2018.

Advance HE
Advance HE (formerly the Higher Education Academy) is a British charity and professional membership scheme promoting excellence in higher education. It advocates evidence-based teaching methods and awards fellowships as professional recognition for university teachers. Founded in 2003, the Higher Education Academy was responsible for the UK Professional Standards Framework for higher education practitioners and merged (with the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education and Equality Challenge Unit) to form Advance HE on 21 March 2018.
José Offerman
José Antonio Offerman Dono (born November 8, 1968) is a Dominican professional baseball manager and former infielder who most recently served as the manager for the Algodoneros de Unión Laguna of the Mexican League. He played professional baseball for nearly 20 years, including 15 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) and four seasons of independent and Mexican League baseball after leaving MLB.

Offerman most recently managed the Tigres del Licey of the Dominican Professional Baseball League (LIDOM), leading them to the 2008–2009, 2013–2014 and 2022–2023 LIDOM Championship. During a baseball game on January 16, 2010, Offerman attacked an umpire during an argument and, as a result, was banned from LIDOM for three years. He managed the Rojos del Águila de Veracruz of the Mexican League in 2014.

El Águila de Veracruz
El Águila de Veracruz (English: The Eagle of Veracruz) is a professional baseball team that plays in the Mexican League. Based in Veracruz, Mexico, they play their home games at the Estadio Universitario Beto Ávila.
Structure theorem for Gaussian measures
In mathematics, the structure theorem for Gaussian measures shows that the abstract Wiener space construction is essentially the only way to obtain a strictly positive Gaussian measure on a separable Banach space. It was proved in the 1970s by Kallianpur–Satô–Stefan and Dudley–Feldman–le Cam.

There is the earlier result due to H. Satô (1969)  which proves that "any Gaussian measure on a separable Banach space is an  abstract Wiener measure in the sense of  L. Gross". The result by Dudley et al. generalizes this result to the setting of Gaussian measures on a general topological vector space.

Abstract Wiener space
The concept of an abstract Wiener space is a mathematical construction developed by Leonard Gross to understand the structure of Gaussian measures on infinite-dimensional spaces. The construction emphasizes the fundamental role played by the Cameron–Martin space. The classical Wiener space is the prototypical example.

The structure theorem for Gaussian measures states that all Gaussian measures can be represented by the abstract Wiener space construction.
Ueekenkcoracias
Ueekenkcoracias is an extinct genus of bird from the Huitrera Formation of Patagonia. Initially assigned to Coracii, similarities have instead been noted with Palaeopsittacus, and it may instead be more closely related to Strisores, the clade including hummingbirds, nightjars, and swifts. One species of Ueekenkcoracias, U. tambussiae, has been named.

Huitrera Formation
The Huitrera Formation is a geological formation in the Neuquén Basin in northern Patagonian Argentina whose strata date back to the Early Eocene of the Paleogene, or Casamayoran in the South American land mammal age classification.

The formation is together with the Reyhuau basalts part of the Pilcaniyeu Belt, a volcanic belt active in Paleocene to middle Eocene times.