hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TotalErg
TotalErg S.p.A. was an Italian company that operated in the refining and distribution of petroleum products. It was a joint venture between Total SA (49%) and Erg S.p.A. (51%).

Founded in 2010, with its birth, all the previous Total and Erg service stations were replaced with the new brand.

In 2018 was acquired and replaced by API-IP.

Gruppo API
Italiana Petroli S.p.A. (until 2019 Anonima Petroli Italiana S.p.A.), also known by the acronym API or Gruppo API, is an Italian petroleum and energy company headquartered in Rome. It is active in the fuel and mobility services sector through the IP Gruppo API brand.

Until 2025 it was a subsidiary of API Holding, 100% owned by the Brachetti Peretti family. Today it is owned by the Azerbaijani petroleum company SOCAR. The chairman of API is Ugo Brachetti Peretti and the CEO is Alberto Chiarini.

In 2018 the company totaled €6.8 billion in turnover and €63.1 million in operating profit.
Abbey Connectors
Abbey Connectors are titles by Elsie J. Oxenham that connect into her main Abbey Series.
They fall into several sub-series, listed here in best reading order, with the Abbey Titles they relate to shown in their place in the mini-series, but without publication details, which are on the main Abbey Series page:

The information is all gleaned from the books themselves, or from Monica Godfrey's The World of Elsie Jeanette Oxenham and Her Books.

Abbey Series
The Abbey Series of British novels by Elsie J. Oxenham comprises 38 titles which were published between 1914 and 1959. The first title, Girls of the Hamlet Club set the scene for the school aspects of the series, but it is the second title, The Abbey Girls, that introduces The Abbey – almost a character within the series in its own right – a romantic ruin that inspires love for it as a quiet, peaceful place, and creates the wish to behave in the public-spirited tradition of the early Cistercian monks. These qualities go some way towards explaining the popularity of the series.
Newburyport Harbor Front Range Light
The Newburyport Harbor Front Range Light is one of two historic range lights in Newburyport, Massachusetts.  When it was built in 1873, it was located at Bayley's Wharf, and provided, in combination with the Rear Range Light, a critical aid for navigating into Newburyport's harbor.  In 1964 the light was moved to its present location on the grounds of the Merrimack River Coast Guard Station.  The stations are no longer in service, but serve as a daymark for arriving mariners.

The light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, and included in the Newburyport Historic District in 1984.

Newburyport Harbor Rear Range Light
The Newburyport Harbor Rear Range Light is a historic lighthouse at 61½ Water St. near the Merrimack River in Newburyport, Massachusetts. It was built in 1873 as one of a pair of range lights for guiding ships up the river to the city's harbor.
DBAG Class 225
The DBAG Class 225 are a set of related 4 axle diesel hydraulic locomotives from the DB V 160 family.  The series does not represent a new build, but a reclassification and/or rebuilding of 1960s and 1970s locomotives of Class 215 and 218 units.

The class were transferred to DB Cargo for freight only operations. The individual details of the members are as the locomotive classes they were derived from, excluding any modifications undertaking for the conversion to non-passenger work.

DB Class 218
The DB Class 218 (before 1968 the DB Class V 164) are a class of 4-axle, diesel-hydraulic locomotives acquired by the Deutsche Bundesbahn for use on main and secondary lines for both passenger and freight trains.

The class represents the final major revision of the DB V 160 family of locomotives; having the preferred features of the antecedent locomotives, including a hydrodynamic brake, and a single engine providing electrical train heating via a generator as well as tractive power. The class were also the most numerous of the family, providing the backbone of the Deutsche Bundesbahn's main-line diesel locomotive traction from the 1970s up to the reunification of Germany.

Despite being displaced from many workings by DMUs, electrification, and inherited DR Class 130s, as of 2009 a significant number of the class still remain active throughout Germany.
Emperor Wenzong of Tang
Emperor Wenzong of Tang (809–840), personal name Li Ang, né Li Han (李涵), was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 827 to 840. Emperor Wenzong was the second son of Emperor Muzong and younger brother of Emperor Jingzong. A rare occurrence in Chinese history, Emperor Wenzong, along with his elder brother Emperor Jingzong and younger brother Emperor Wuzong, reigned in succession.

Emperor Jingzong of Tang
Emperor Jingzong of Tang (July 22, 809 – January 9, 827), personal name Li Zhan, was an emperor of China's Tang dynasty. He reigned from 824 to 827. Emperor Jingzong was the eldest son of Emperor Muzong and elder brother of the later Emperor Wenzong and Emperor Wuzong.

Emperor Jingzong became emperor at the early age of 15 and his short reign would be overshadowed by corrupt eunuchs with control over the imperial Shence Army (神策軍), who would come to dominate his rule as well as that of his younger brother Emperor Wenzong.  Uninterested in ruling, Jingzong gave in to pleasure seeking and lived in opulence while eunuchs such as Wang Shoucheng and officials such as Li Fengji held onto real power.

Around the new year 827, after reigning less than four years, emperor Jingzong was assassinated by a group of conspirators. Emperor Jingzong was only 17 when he died.
Southern front of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
On 24 February 2022, the Russian military invaded Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine  from Russian-occupied Crimea, quickly entering Mykolaiv Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast amid battles with the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Elements from the southern Russian offensive joined forces with elements advancing from the Donbas to jointly surround and bombard the city of Mariupol in Donetsk Oblast, which fell after months of siege.

Kherson was surrounded two days into the war, after which Russian forces advanced to the outskirts of Mykolaiv, which they failed to capture. The front then stabilised until a Ukrainian offensive in August. Ukrainian forces retook all of the territory west and north of the Dnieper river, and the front stabilised again just south of Kherson in November 2022. Kherson, the only oblast capital captured by Russia after its 2022 invasion, was liberated on 11 November.

Liberation of Kherson
On 11 November 2022, the Armed Forces of Ukraine liberated and recaptured the city of Kherson and other areas of the Kherson Oblast and parts of the Mykolaiv Oblast on the right bank of the Dnipro River from Russian control. The Russian Armed Forces, which had occupied the city since 2 March 2022, withdrew and retreated to the left bank of the Kherson Oblast over the course of 9–11 November 2022.

The Ukrainian soldiers were greeted with cheers and large celebrations in the city square. The events were the culmination of the 2022 Kherson counteroffensive, and were seen as a large blow to Russian president Vladimir Putin, who had declared Kherson to be "part of Russia forever".
Check (chess)
In chess and similar games, check is a condition that occurs when a player's king is under immediate threat of capture on the very next turn. A king so threatened is said to be in check, and the attacker traditionally warns their opponent by saying the word "check". A player must get out of check if possible by moving the king to an unattacked square, interposing a piece between the threatening piece and the king, or capturing the threatening piece. If the player cannot remove the check by any of these options, or if using any of these options would result in the player being in check by another piece, the game ends in checkmate and the player loses. Players cannot make any move that puts their own king in check.

Checkmate
Checkmate (often shortened to mate) is any game position in chess and other chess-like games in which a player's king is in check (threatened with capture) and there is no possible escape. Checkmating the opponent wins the game.

In chess, the king is never actually captured. The player loses as soon as their king is checkmated. In formal games, it is usually considered good etiquette to resign an inevitably lost game before being checkmated.

If a player is not in check but has no legal moves, then it is stalemate, and the game immediately ends in a draw. A checkmating move is recorded in algebraic notation using the hash symbol "#", for example: 34.Qg3#.
Bade Fateh Ali Khan
Ustad Bade Fateh Ali Khan PP (Urdu: بڑے فتح علی خان; 20 April 1935 - 4 January 2017) was among the foremost Khyal vocalists in Pakistan, and a leading exponent of the Patiala gharana tradition of music. He was the younger of the legendary singing duo Amanat Ali and Fateh Ali, who enjoyed immense prestige and success across the subcontinent and beyond until the sudden and unexpected death of Ustad Amanat Ali Khan in 1974 at the relatively young age of 52. For his contributions to classical music, Fateh Ali was honoured (along with Amanat Ali) with the highest national literary award of Pakistan — the Pride of Performance — by the President of Pakistan in 1969.

Amanat Ali Khan
Ustad Amanat Ali Khan PP (Urdu: امانت علی خان; pronounced [əˈmaːnət əˈliː xaːn]; 1922 – 18 September 1974) was a Pakistani classical vocalist from the Patiala gharana tradition of music and is widely regarded as one of the finest classical and ghazal singers of all time. Together with his younger brother, Ustad Bade Fateh Ali Khan (1935 – 2017), he formed a famed singing duo that garnered widespread popularity across the Indian subcontinent. For his contributions to classical music, Amanat Ali was honoured (along with Fateh Ali) with the highest national literary award of Pakistan – the Pride of Performance – by the President of Pakistan in 1969. Khan was especially noted for khayal, thumri, and ghazal styles of singing and has been described as "the maestro of the Patiala gharana." He stands with singing icons like Mehdi Hassan and Ahmed Rushdi, having left behind a legacy of hundreds of classical and semi-classical songs.
John Zápolya
John Zápolya or Szapolyai (Hungarian: Szapolyai/ Zápolya János; Croatian: Ivan Zapolja; Romanian: Ioan Zápolya; Slovak: Ján Zápoľský; 1487 – 22 July 1540), was King of Hungary (as John I) from 1526 to 1540. His rule was disputed by Archduke Ferdinand I, who also claimed the title King of Hungary. He was Voivode of Transylvania before his coronation, from 1510 to 1526.

John came from a prominent Croatian-Slavonian noble family. His father became one of Hungary's wealthiest lords and served as Palatine of Hungary. During the Peasants' Revolt of 1514 led by György Dózsa, John gained influence through his military campaigns and by crushing the revolt, which bolstered his authority and earned him the title of "liberator of the realm." However, his power declined after his sister Barbara's death in 1515. And in 1528, he fled to Poland, later aligning with the Ottomans, leading Hungary to become an Ottoman vassal state.

Barbara Zápolya
Barbara Zápolya (Hungarian: Szapolyai Borbála, Lithuanian: Barbora Zapojajietė, 1495–1515) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the first wife of Sigismund I the Old from 1512 to 1515. Marriage to Barbara represented an alliance between Sigismund and the House of Zápolya against the Habsburgs in succession disputes over the throne to the Kingdom of Hungary. The alliance was short-lived as the renewed Muscovite–Lithuanian War forced Sigismund to look for Habsburg allies. The marriage was loving, but short. Barbara was the mother of Hedwig, Electress of Brandenburg, but died soon after the birth of her second daughter Anna.
Furra
Furra or Fura was a medieval queen (Nigist) of the Sidama region in southern Ethiopia. Her story is found in folklore across the Horn of Africa—such as in the stories of Queen Gudit in Northern Ethiopian and Eritean folklore and Queen Araweelo in Somali folklore.: 31, 38–39  The person behind these various alternative names is portrayed as a powerful female ruler, probably identical to Māsobā Wārq, the daughter of the last Aksumite king, Dil Na'ad, mentioned in an early Arabic source.

According to oral tradition, she ruled for about seven years in the 14th or 15th century, encouraging the women and oppressing the men, especially the bald, old and short ones. Her reign ended when the men tricked her into a ride upon a wild steed, which tore her apart. Places in Sidama are still named after her body parts, which were scattered in this last ride.

Arawelo
Queen Arawelo (Somali: Boqorad Carraweelo; also spelled Arrawelo, Araweelo, Arraweelo, or Arawailo), also known as Ebla Awad, was a proto-Somali Queen in traditional folklore. Her story is found in folklore across the Horn of Africa —such as in the stories of Queen Gudit in Ethiopian and Eritrean folklore and Queen Furra in Sidama folklore. The person behind these various alternative names is portrayed as a powerful female ruler, probably identical to Māsobā Wārq, the daughter of the last Aksumite king, Dil Na'ad, mentioned in an early Arabic source.
Manuel Canaveris
Manuel Canaveris (c. 1787– c. 1825) was an Argentine army officer, who took part in the defense and reconquest of Buenos Aires during the English Invasions. He served under Colonel Ignacio Álvarez Thomas in the 4th Regiment of Buenos Aires, participating in the Campaigns to the Interior of the Provinces of 1810.

He also served in the garrison of the city as 2nd Lieutenant of the 7th Battalion of Fusiliers of the 2nd Regiment of Patricians. He and his family had an active participation during the British invasions of the River Plate and May Revolution. His father was one of the neighbors who attended the Open Cabildo of May 22, 1810.

He was the only member of the Canaveris Esparza family to dedicate himself entirely to the militia. His sons were linked to families Blanco, Ferrer, Michelena, Pelliza and Torres, outstanding soldiers who served during the Argentine War of Independence.

Francisco Pelliza
Francisco Pelliza (1792–1879) was an Argentine patriot military officer who fought in the Argentine War of Independence. He took part in the defense and reconquest of Buenos Aires during the English Invasions and carried out the Emancipatory campaigns under the command of General Manuel Belgrano.

He was taken prisoner after the defeat of Ayohuma on November 14, 1813, and destined for the Casas Matas of Callao jail where he was held for several years. He owed his freedom to a prisoner exchange made by General José de San Martín in 1820. He was rejoined the army that same year serving with the rank of Captain in the Expedición Libertadora del Perú.

He also took part in the Argentine Civil War, serving in the ranks of the Unitarian Army participated in the Invasion of Lavalle to the Province of Buenos Aires.
Wu'ayra Castle
Wu'ayra Castle is a ruined Crusader castle located in Wadi Musa, Jordan, 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of the main entrance to Petra. It was founded by Baldwin I of Jerusalem as an outpost of the larger Montreal Castle, which stands about 34 kilometres (21 mi) north of it at Shoubak. The area is extremely rugged and difficult to access. The site rises about 1,050 metres (3,440 ft) above sea level and is surrounded by a natural valley.

It was conquered by the Ayyubids in 1188.

Montreal (castle)
Montreal (Arabic: مونتريال; Latin: Mons Regalis, Mont Real), or Qal'at ash-Shawbak (قلعة الشوبك) in Arabic, is a castle built by the Crusaders and expanded by the Mamluks, on the eastern side of the Arabah Valley, perched on the side of a rocky, conical mountain, looking out over fruit orchards below. The ruins are located next to the modern town of Shoubak in Jordan.
MBTA AnsaldoBreda Type 8
MBTA AnsaldoBreda Type 8 is a light rail vehicle that was built by Breda (merged into AnsaldoBreda during production) for the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA). The cars were constructed from 1998-2007 and replaced all remaining Boeing LRVs. They were built to have a low-floor section to allow for accessibility by all. As of 2018, most cars are coupled to one Kinki Sharyo Type 7 in regular service to create a two-car train with one accessible car. They run on all branches of the Green Line. The MBTA currently runs 92 out of 95 Type 8 vehicles, numbered 3800 to 3894. They are maintained at the Reservoir and Riverside carhouses.

MBTA Kinki Sharyo Type 7
MBTA Kinki Sharyo Type 7 is a type of light rail vehicle owned by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Since 1986, the MBTA has used the Type 7 on its Green Line light rail network. It is the first rail vehicle for the United States built by Japanese rail vehicle manufacturer Kinki Sharyo.
BMW V12 LMR
The BMW V12 LMR is a Le Mans Prototype built for sports car racing from 1999 to 2000. The car was built through an alliance between BMW Motorsport and Williams Racing, and was the successor to the failed BMW V12 LM of 1998.  It is famous for earning BMW its only overall victory to date at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

BMW V12 LM
The BMW V12 LM was a racing car built for sports car racing in 1998.  The car was built using a combination of Williams Racing chassis engineering and construction and a BMW powerplant.  The car was  the predecessor to the BMW V12 LMR, which debuted in 1999.
Roberts linkage
A Roberts linkage is a four-bar linkage which converts a rotational motion to approximate straight-line motion.

The linkage was developed by Richard Roberts.

The Roberts linkage can be classified as:

Watt-type linkage

Grashof rocker-rocker

Symmetrical four-bar linkage

Straight-line mechanism
A straight-line mechanism is a mechanism that converts any type of rotary or angular motion to perfect or near-perfect straight-line motion, or vice versa. Straight-line motion is linear motion of definite length or "stroke", every forward stroke being followed by a return stroke, giving reciprocating motion. The first such mechanism, patented in 1784 by James Watt, produced approximate straight-line motion, referred to by Watt as parallel motion.

Straight-line mechanisms are used in a variety of applications, such as engines, vehicle suspensions, walking robots, and rover wheels.
Suniti Choudhury
Suniti Choudhury (22 May 1917 – 12 January 1988) was an Indian nationalist who, along with Santi Ghose, assassinated a British district magistrate when she was 14 years old and is known for her participation in an armed revolutionary struggle.

Santi Ghose
Santi Ghose (also known as Santi Ghosh; 22 November 1916 – 1989) was an Indian nationalist who, along with Suniti Choudhury, assassinated a British district magistrate when she was 16 years old and is known for her participation in an armed revolutionary struggle.
China Oceanwide Holdings Group
China Oceanwide Holdings Group Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 中国泛海控股集团) known also as China Oceanwide is a Chinese privately owned investment company. It is the parent company of publicly traded company Oceanwide Holdings as well as the largest shareholder of another public company Minsheng Holding.

Founder Lu Zhiqiang, via Tohigh Holding Co., Ltd. (通海控股), owned 100% stake of Oceanwide Group Co., Ltd. (泛海集团), in turn Oceanwide Group owned 98% stake of China Oceanwide Holdings Group. The 2% stake was owned by Tohigh Holding. In turn, China Oceanwide Holdings Group owned Oceanwide Holdings and Oceanwide Holdings owned Hong Kong publicly traded company China Oceanwide Holdings Limited.

Oceanwide Holdings
Oceanwide Holdings Co., Ltd. is a Chinese publicly traded conglomerate. It was a subsidiary of Tohigh Holding, via intermediate holding companies Oceanwide Group and China Oceanwide Holdings Group.

Oceanwide Holdings is a constituent of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange blue-chip index: SZSE 100 Index.

The company was also included in CSI 300 Index from June 2015 to November 2016. However, the company was often removed and re-entered the index due to low trading volume. The company was also in the "reserve list", a list of candidates for the CSI 100 Index in 2008.

The company was included in the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect. Its Hong Kong–based subsidiary China Oceanwide Holdings was also on the list until March 2017.
Toyota Corolla (E170)
The E170/E180 series Toyota Corolla is the eleventh generation of the Corolla and was sold internationally from 2013 to 2024. Two basic front and rear styling treatments are fitted to the E170—a North American version that debuted first—and a more conservative design for all other markets that debuted later in 2013. For the Japanese and Hong Kong markets, the smaller Japanese-made E160 model is offered instead; the Japanese-made version remains compliant with Japanese government dimension regulations. The E170/E180 has an increased wheelbase that is 100 mm (3.9 in) longer than the previous generation. The E170/E180 was derived from the Toyota New MC platform, unlike the E160, which was based on the B platform.

Toyota Corolla (E160)
The Toyota Corolla (E160) is the eleventh generation of the Toyota Corolla that is sold in Japan, Hong Kong, Macau, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Singapore, and Sri Lanka. For international markets, the larger and substantially different Corolla (E170/E180) is offered instead. The E160 was derived from the Toyota B platform, unlike the E170/E180, which was based on the New MC platform.

As with the preceding E140 models, the sedan/saloon version of the E160 is named Corolla Axio in the Japanese market; the station wagon/estate version carries the Corolla Fielder designation. The Japanese market Corolla Axio is shorter in length and narrower in width than the global version (E170), and engines are kept below 2.0-litres, to comply with Japanese Government dimension regulations so that Japanese buyers have a reduced road tax.

The eleventh generation of the Corolla went on sale in Japan in May 2012. Both are made by a Toyota subsidiary, Central Motors, in Miyagi prefecture, Japan.
Washington State Route 308
State Route 308 (SR 308) is a 3.42-mile-long (5.50 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Washington, serving the community of Keyport in Kitsap County. The highway travels generally east from an interchange with SR 3 east of Naval Base Kitsap at Bangor to the main entrance of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Keyport. SR 308 was codified as the Keyport branch of State Road 21 in 1929 and continued as the Keyport branch of Primary State Highway 21 (PSH 21) in 1937. During the 1964 highway renumbering, the branch became a section of SR 303, which ran from Bremerton to Bangor and had a spur route serving Keyport. SR 308 was established in 1971 along the old route of SR 303 Spur and was extended in 1991 to the SR 3 freeway after SR 303 was re-routed onto a new freeway in Silverdale.

Washington State Route 303
State Route 303 (SR 303) is a 9.27-mile (14.92 km) state highway in Kitsap County, located in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway connects SR 304 in Bremerton to an interchange with SR 3 in Silverdale. SR 303 crosses the Port Washington Narrows on the Warren Avenue Bridge in Bremerton and becomes a grade-separated freeway bypass of Silverdale. The route has existed as unpaved roads since the 1930s and was signed as Secondary State Highway 21B (SSH 21B) in 1937. SSH 21B connected Bremerton to Keyport and had a branch to Illahee State Park added in 1961. After the 1964 highway renumbering, SSH 21B became SR 303 from Bremerton to Keyport and SR 306 from Bremerton to Illahee State Park. SR 303 was shortened in 1971, to include SR 308, and in 1991, re-routing the highway onto the new Silverdale freeway. SR 303 also had a spur route in Bremerton that served the Manette Bridge until 1991.