hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William of Ockham
William of Ockham or Occam OFM (/ˈɒkəm/ OK-əm; Latin: Gulielmus Occamus; c. 1287 – 9/10 April 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and theologian, who was born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is widely known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics and theology. Ockham is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration corresponding to the commonly ascribed date of his death on 10 April.

Ockham, Surrey
Ockham (/ˈɒkəm/ OK-əm) is a rural and semi-rural village in the borough of Guildford in Surrey, England. The village starts immediately east of the A3 but the lands extend to the River Wey in the west where it has a large mill-house. Ockham is between Cobham (near Leatherhead) and East Horsley (near Guildford).
Spring is on the way (painting)
Spring is on the way is a painting by the Russian painter Vladimir Ivanovich Ovchinnikov, who lived and worked in Leningrad. A member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, he is regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting, and is known especially for his landscape paintings.

Vladimir Ovchinnikov (painter)
Vladimir Ivanovich Ovchinnikov (Russian: Влади́мир Ива́нович Овчи́нников; 14 July 1911 – 22 June 1978) was a Soviet, Russian painter, lived and worked in Leningrad, member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his landscape paintings.
Via Traiana
The Via Traiana was an ancient Roman road. It was built by the emperor Trajan as an extension of the Via Appia from Beneventum, reaching Brundisium (Brindisi) by a shorter route (i.e. via Canusium, Butuntum and Barium rather than via Tarentum). This was commemorated by an arch at Beneventum.

Along with the Via Appia proper, since 2024 the Via [Appia] Traiana entered UNESCO World Heritage List under the comprehensive name of Via Appia Regina Viarum.

Brindisi
Brindisi (US: /ˈbrɪndɪzi, ˈbriːn-/ BRIN-diz-ee, BREEN-, Italian: [ˈbrindizi] ⓘ; Brindisino: Brìnnisi) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an essential role in trade and culture due to its strategic position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city remains a major port for trade with the Balkan Peninsula, Greece and the Middle East. Its industries include agriculture, chemical works, and the generation of electricity.

From September 1943 to February 1944, Brindisi was the provisional government seat of the Kingdom of Italy.
Constructivist architecture
Constructivist architecture was a constructivist style of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. Abstract and austere, the movement aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space, while rejecting decorative stylization in favor of the industrial assemblage of materials. Designs combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly communist social purpose. Although it was divided into several competing factions, the movement produced many pioneering projects and finished buildings, before falling out of favor around 1932. It has left marked effects on later developments in architecture.

Rusakov Workers' Club
55°47′29″N 37°41′14″E﻿ / ﻿55.79139°N 37.68722°E﻿ / 55.79139; 37.68722

The Rusakov Workers' Club (Russian: Дом культуры имени И.В.Русакова (рабочий клуб)) in Moscow is a notable example of constructivist architecture. Designed by Konstantin Melnikov, it was constructed in 1927–28. The club is built on a fan-shaped plan, with three cantilevered concrete seating areas rising above the base. Each of these volumes can be used as a separate auditorium, and combined they result in a capacity of over 1,000 people.  At the rear of the building are more conventional offices. The only visible materials used in its construction are concrete, brick and glass. The function of the building is to some extent expressed in the exterior, which Melnikov described as a "tensed muscle".
2010 CFU Club Championship
The 2010 CFU Club Championship was the 12th edition of the CFU Club Championship, the annual international club football competition in the Caribbean region, held amongst clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU). The top three teams in the tournament qualified for the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League.

2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League was the 3rd edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current format, and overall the 46th edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament began on July 27, 2010 and ended on April 27, 2011. Monterrey of Mexico won their first title, defeating Real Salt Lake of the United States 3-2 on aggregate in the final. As winners, Monterrey qualified for the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup as the CONCACAF representative.
Scorpio (weapon)
The scorpio or scorpion was a type of Roman torsion siege engine and field artillery piece.  It was described in detail by the early-imperial Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius in the 1st century BC and by the 4th century AD officer and historian Ammianus Marcellinus.

Torsion siege engine
A torsion siege engine is a type of siege engine that utilizes torsion to launch projectiles. They were initially developed by the ancient Macedonians, specifically Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great, and used through the Middle Ages until the development of gunpowder artillery in the 14th century rendered them mostly obsolete.
2015 New York Film Festival
The 53rd New York Film Festival was held September 25 – October 11, 2015.

The lineup consisted of seven sections:

Main Slate (26 films and four shorts programs)

Spotlight on Documentary (11 films and one shorts program)

Projections (14 programs)

Special Events (10 films)

Revivals (11 films)

Nathaniel Dorsky & Jerome Hiler Retrospective (12 programs)

Convergence (transmedia presentations and talks)

The Festival also included various talks and free screenings. The primary selection committee included Kent Jones (chair), Dennis Lim, Marian Masone, Gavin Smith, and Amy Taubin. The Shorts Programs were selected by Sarah Mankoff, Laura Kern, Matt Bolish, Florence Almozini, and Dan Sullivan. Projections was programmed by Dennis Lim, Aily Nash, and Gavin Smith. The Dorsky/Hiler retrospective was programmed by Gavin Smith, and Convergence was curated by Matt Bolish.

Nathaniel Dorsky
Nathaniel Dorsky (born 1943) is an American experimental filmmaker and film editor. His film career began during the New American Cinema movement of the 1960s, when he met his partner Jerome Hiler. He won an Emmy Award in 1967 for his work on the film Gauguin in Tahiti: Search for Paradise.

After moving to San Francisco in the 1970s, Dorsky eventually edited some of his earlier footage to create the 1982 film Hours for Jerome, which was inducted into the United States National Film Registry. Through his short lyric films, he developed the style of polyvalent montage for which he is known. In addition to his own films, Dorsky has worked as an editor or film doctor on other projects, particularly documentaries.
The Beach (film)
The Beach is a 2000 adventure drama film directed by Danny Boyle, from a screenplay by John Hodge, based on the 1996 novel by Alex Garland. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tilda Swinton, Virginie Ledoyen, Guillaume Canet and Robert Carlyle. The plot centers around a young American backpacker and a French couple who discover a colony of people living on an uninhabited island and contend with the local dangers there. It was filmed on the Thai island of Ko Phi Phi Le.

The film was released on 11 February 2000 by 20th Century Fox. It was a moderate box-office success, grossing $144.1 million against a $50 million budget, but received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the film's scenery, soundtrack and DiCaprio's performance, but criticised it as a muddled adaptation that loses the book's themes and social commentary.

The Beach (novel)
The Beach is a 1996 novel by English author Alex Garland. Set in Thailand, it is the story of a young backpacker's search for a legendary, idyllic and isolated beach untouched by tourism, and his time there in its small, international community of backpackers.

In 2000, it was adapted into  a film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Virginie Ledoyen, Guillaume Canet, Tilda Swinton and Robert Carlyle. In 2003, the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read.
Eina
Eina is a village in Vestre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Gjøvikbanen railway line, between the villages of Jaren and Raufoss. The village of Eina is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the municipal centre of Raufoss, on the north shore of the lake Einavatnet. The river Hunnselva runs north through the village from the lake Einavatnet to the large lake Mjøsa.

The 0.74-square-kilometre (180-acre) village has a population (2024) of 729 and a population density of 985 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,550/sq mi). About 1,500 people inhabit the rural area surrounding the lake, outside of the village of Eina.

Einavatnet
Einavatnet is a lake which lies in Vestre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 13.82-square-kilometre (5.34 sq mi) lake lies at an elevation of 398 metres (1,306 ft) above sea level. The lake lies in the southern portion of the municipality, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the municipal centre, Raufoss. The village of Eina lies at the northern end of the lake. The Eina Church is located on the eastern shore of the lake. The Norwegian National Road 4 runs along the eastern shore of the lake. The river Hunnselva flows north out of the lake towards the town of Gjøvik where it drains into the large lake Mjøsa.
D'Avigdor-Goldsmid baronets
The d'Avigdor-Goldsmid Baronetcy, of Somerhill in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 January 1934 for Osmond d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and chairman for the Jewish Agency for Palestine in London. He was the grandson of Count Henri Salomon d'Avigdor, Duke of Acquaviva, and Rachel, daughter of Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet, and succeeded to the Goldsmid estates on the death of his cousin Sir Julian Goldsmid, 3rd Baronet (see Goldsmid baronets). His eldest son, the second Baronet, was a company director and Conservative politician. The latter was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Baronet, a retired military commander. He was Conservative Member of Parliament for Lichfield and Tamworth. The title became extinct on his death in 1987.

Goldsmid baronets
The Goldsmid Baronetcy, of St John's Lodge in the County of Surrey, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 15 October 1841 for Isaac Goldsmid, a financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom. He was the first Jew to be created a baronet. He was succeeded by his son Francis Henry, 2nd Baronet  the second Baronet. He was a barrister and sat as member of parliament for Reading. He was childless and was succeeded by his nephew Julian, the third Baronet. He was a barrister, businessman and Liberal politician. Julian Goldsmid had eight daughters but no sons and on his death in 1896 the title became extinct.
Lincoln Community Health Center
Lincoln Community Health Center (LCHC) is an outpatient primary care facility located in Durham, North Carolina that replaced Lincoln Hospital in 1968. LCHC offers a wide range of health services including adult medicine, pediatrics, dental, social work/mental health services, family care nursing and outreach into the home. Prenatal and family planning services are available at the Center in cooperation with the Durham County Health Department.

Lincoln Hospital (Durham, North Carolina)
Lincoln Hospital was a medical facility located in Durham, North Carolina founded to serve the African Americans of Durham County and surrounding areas. With original hospital construction financed by the Duke family, Lincoln served as the primary African American hospital in Durham from its opening in 1901 until 1976, when it closed and transferred its inpatient services to Durham County General Hospital.

Despite its cultural setting within the Jim Crow South, Lincoln Hospital developed and thrived due to a complex web of inter- and intraracial cooperation. Lincoln's medical staff sought to reduce morbidity and mortality of Durham blacks by targeting maternal and child health, infectious disease, and health behavior through health education programs, specialized clinics, and free medical care. Lincoln expanded educational opportunities for blacks through their nursing, residency, and surgery programs during a time when few opportunities existed for blacks in healthcare.
Georgia State Route 16
State Route 16 (SR 16) is a 178.6-mile-long (287.4 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Haralson, Carroll, Coweta, Spalding, Butts, Jasper, Putnam, Hancock, and Warren counties in the western and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the southeastern portion of Carroll County, northwest of Mount Zion to Warrenton, via Carrollton, Newnan, Griffin, Monticello, Eatonton, and Sparta.

SR 16 formerly traveled on the current path of US 278 Byp./SR 12 Byp. in Warrenton, SR 80 and SR 17 Conn., and the entire length of SR 296 west of Wrens, in Glascock and Jefferson counties.

Carroll County, Georgia
Carroll County is a county in the West Central region of the State of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 119,148. Its county seat is the city of Carrollton. Carroll County is included in the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area and is also adjacent to Alabama on its western border.
DNB Bank
DNB Bank ASA (formerly DnB NOR ASA) is Norway's largest financial services group, with total combined assets of more than NOK 3.6 trillion and a market capitalisation NOK 400 billion as of 2024. DNB's head office is located in Oslo.

The two largest owners of DNB are the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries (34.0%) and Sparebankstiftelsen DNB (10.0%). The latter was created as a foundation with the sole purpose of owning a part of the company. It was created when Gjensidige NOR was made a public limited company to ensure that the company's customers retained partial ownership of the company. The foundation can also give up to 25% of its received dividend as gifts to charity.

Gjensidige NOR
Gjensidige NOR was a Norwegian bank and insurance company that was in existence between 1999 and 2003. The company was created when the two savings banks Sparebanken NOR (bank) and Gjensidige (insurance) were merged in 1999. In 2002 Norwegian savings banks were allowed to become public limited company and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. In 2003 the company was merged with Den norske Bank to form DnB NOR, while the original insurance company Gjensidige was demerged and again became a separate company in 2005.

When the company was made a public limited company, a foundation was created to own part of the corporation, which still exists as Sparebankstiftelsen DnB NOR and owns 10.95% of DnB NOR. After the demerger, Gjensidige became a self-owning institution.
Sok Kong
Lok Oknha Sok Kong (Khmer: លោកឧកញ៉ា សុខ គង់; born in Prey Veng Province, Cambodia) is a Khmer-Vietnamese oligarch and founder of Sokimex, a petroleum company based in Cambodia. He is considered among Cambodia's two "most successful entrepreneurs" along with Kith Meng, but remains controversial for alleged connection to human rights violations, including human trafficking and the recent wave of cyber scams since 2019 within Cambodia.

Kith Meng
Kith Meng (Khmer: គិត ម៉េង; Chinese: 陈丰明) is a Chinese Cambodian businessman who is the Chairman and CEO of Royal Group of Companies. Established in 1991, the strategic investment holding company, the Royal Group is recognized as the country’s most dynamic and diversified business conglomerate with interests in a wide range of industries.
Kehinde Bankole
Kehinde Bankole Listenⓘ (born 27 March 1985) is a Nigerian actress, model, and television host. She made her entertainment debut in Miss Commonwealth Nigeria 2003, then proceeded with MBGN 2004. She was named Revelation of the Year at the 2009 Best of Nollywood Awards, two years after her first screen feature in Wale Adenuga's Super Story.

Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria
The Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria – often abbreviated as MBGN – was a pageant organised by Silverbird Group with the main purpose of sending representatives to international competitions. Originally known as Miss Universe Nigeria, it was renamed Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria after news publishers like Daily Times lost their license to send delegates from rival contest Miss Nigeria to Miss World. As of 2005, the pageant produced multiple representatives, but the MBGN World recipient was considered the overall winner. Miss Universe Nigeria was reestablished in 2023, breaking away from MBGN and operating as an entirely different pageant. In 2024, Miss World Nigeria became a separate pageant in its own right, thus ending the MBGN competition.

The last MBGN titleholder was event planner Ada Eme who represented Abia.
Joan Leche
Joan Leche (c. 1450 – March 1530), benefactress, was the wife successively of Thomas Bodley, and of Thomas Bradbury, Lord Mayor of London in 1509. She founded a chantry in London, and a grammar school in Saffron Walden, Essex. Her great-grandson, Sir John Leveson (1555–1615), was instrumental in putting down the Essex in 1601, and her great-grandson William Leveson (d. 1621) acted as trustee for the original shareholders of the Globe Theatre.

Saffron Walden Grammar School
Saffron Walden Free Grammar School (or Saffron Walden Grammar School) was a school in the Essex town of Saffron Walden, which for over four hundred years educated the boys of the town and surrounding villages in a manner designed to be after the model of Eton College and Winchester College. It was notable for its longevity and for some of its illustrious alumni.
Huáscar (ironclad)
Huáscar is an ironclad turret ship owned by the Chilean Navy built in 1865 for the Peruvian government. It is named after the 16th-century Inca emperor, Huáscar. She was the flagship of the Peruvian Navy and participated in the Battle of Pacocha and the War of the Pacific of 1879–1883. At the Battle of Angamos, Huáscar, captained by renowned Peruvian naval officer Miguel Grau Seminario, was captured by the Chilean fleet and commissioned into the Chilean Navy.

Today Huáscar is one of the few surviving ships of her type. She has been restored and is a memorial ship anchored in Talcahuano, Chile. Huáscar is the second oldest armored warship afloat after Warrior, and the oldest monitor afloat.

Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy (Spanish: Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso.
Delta (provincial electoral district)
Delta was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia based on the municipality of Delta at the mouth of the Fraser River between the city of Vancouver and the Canada–United States border. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903 and its last in the election of 1986, after which it was succeeded by Delta North and Delta South, which are the current ridings in the area.

Delta South
Delta South is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada.

The electoral district was created for the 1991 election from part of the dual-member Delta riding.
Pedro (footballer, born 1987)
Pedro Eliezer Rodríguez Ledesma (born 28 July 1987), known as Pedro, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Serie A club Lazio.

Pedro scored 99 goals in 321 appearances across all competitions for Barcelona from 2008 to 2015. During the 2009–10 season, he became the first player in history to score in every official club competition in a single season and in a single calendar year. He joined Chelsea in 2015 where he scored 43 goals in 206 appearances and helped the club win the Premier League in 2017, the FA Cup in 2018 and the UEFA Europa League in 2019. He joined Serie A club Roma in 2020, before moving to their city rivals Lazio in the following year.

Pedro represented Spain in two FIFA World Cups and two UEFA European Championships, winning the former in 2010 and the latter in 2012.

Derby della Capitale
The Derby della Capitale (English: Derby of the capital city), also known as Derby Capitolino and Derby del Cupolone, as well as The Rome Derby in English and Derby di Roma in Italian, is the football local derby in Rome, Italy, between Lazio and Roma. It is considered to be one of the fiercest intra-city derbies in the country, along with the other major local derbies, Derby della Madonnina (Milan derby) and Derby della Mole (Turin derby), and one of the greatest and most hotly contested derbies in Europe.
Sheikh Waqas Akram
Sheikh Waqas Akram (Urdu: شیخ وقاص اکرم; born 26 August 1976) is a Pakistani politician and a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from NA-109 Jhang-II since 29 February 2024. He previously served as a member of the National Assembly from November 2002 to November 2007 and from March 2008 to March 2013. He joined the PTI in early 2023 and was appointed as the Information Secretary of the party, which he is serving as today.

NA-109 Jhang-II
NA-109 Jhang-II (این اے-109، جھنگ-2) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It is based on the old NA-89 with the main difference being the transfer of the town of Bagh to the new NA-116 and the inclusion of Jhang No. 2 from the old NA-87.
Xi Shi
Xi Shi (Hsi Shih; Chinese: 西施; pinyin: Xī Shī; Wade–Giles: Hsi1 Shih1, lit. '(Lady) Shi of the West'), also known as Xizi, sometimes named Shi Yiguang (施夷光), was one of the Four Beauties of ancient China. She was said to have lived in a small Yue village (in present-day Zhuji) toward the end of the Spring and Autumn period. Originally a local beauty known for washing silk by the Huan Sha River, she was discovered by the Yue minister Fan Li and later presented to King Fuchai of Wu as a concubine by King Goujian of Yue in a sexpionage operation, which contributed to the downfall of Wu in 473 BC. The story of Xi Shi first appeared in Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue, published five centuries after the conquest, and is absent in earlier works such as Guoyu, Zuo zhuan, and Records of the Grand Historian.

Four Beauties
The Four Beauties or Four Great Beauties are four Chinese women who are renowned for their beauty and their impact on Chinese history through the influence they exercised over powerful men. The four are usually identified as Xi Shi, Wang Zhaojun, Diaochan, and Yang Yuhuan. Among them, Diaochan is a fictional character while the rest have been greatly embellished by legend.