hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Command systems in the United States Army
Command systems in the United States Army refers to electronic command systems implemented by the US Army to carry out important central functions to operation of its units and major commands.

The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment and Missile Master systems were used by Army Air Defence Command from the 1960s.

The Integrated Air & Missiles Defense Battle Command System (IBCS) is a new command system which is being developed for future use by Army combat units.

The United States Army Futures Command has teams that manage a variety of central functions, such as networking,  aviation, long-range artillery, and unit navigation methods. The new Army Applications Lab in Austin, Texas, is delving into various forms of disruptive technology, for future combat.

United States Army Futures Command
The United States Army Futures Command (AFC) was a United States Army command that ran modernization projects. It was headquartered in Austin, Texas.

The AFC began initial operations on 1 July 2018. It was created as a peer of Forces Command (FORSCOM), Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), and Army Materiel Command (AMC). While the other commands focus on readiness to "fight tonight", AFC aimed to improve future readiness for competition with near-peers. The AFC commander functioned as the Army's chief modernization investment officer.: Section 4  It was supported by the United States Army Reserve Innovation Command (75th Innovation Command).

On October 2nd, 2025, Army officials inactivated Army Futures Command and activated U.S. Army Transformation and Training Command (T2COM). This effectively merged AFC with Training and Doctrine Command. The Army will retain AFC's headquarters to serve as the new headquarters for T2COM.
Mount Foster
Mount Foster is a peak rising to 2,025 metres (6,644 ft) in the Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands. It is the highest point of the South Shetland Islands archipelago.
Mount Foster has triple peaks of which Mount Foster proper is the southernmost, the central one is Evlogi Peak (2,024 m), and the northern one is Antim Peak (1,995 m). The first ascent was made by Greg Landreth and his team comprising Brice Dowrick, Dan Mannix and Roger Thompson on 30 January 1996.

The feature is named after Captain Henry Foster, commander of HMS Chanticleer who explored the South Shetlands in 1829.

Evlogi Peak
Evlogi Peak (Bulgarian: връх Евлоги, romanized: vrah Evlogi, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ɛˈvɫɔɡi]) is a peak rising to 2,024 m in Imeon Range on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands.  It is situated 1 km north-northeast of the summit Mount Foster, and 1.3 km southwest of Antim Peak, with intervening saddles of elevation 1,899 and 1,744 m (Vakarel Saddle), respectively. Its prominence of 126 m makes it a distinct peak rather than a twin peak to Mount Foster as previously believed. It overlooks Chuprene Glacier to the northwest, Pashuk Glacier to the east and Rupite Glacier to the southeast.  Bulgarian mapping in 2009. The peak was named after the Bulgarian financier, industrialist and philanthropist Evlogi Georgiev (1819–1897) whose endowment funded the construction of Sofia University’s main building.

62°59′18″S 62°32′24″W﻿ / ﻿62.98833°S 62.54000°W﻿ / -62.98833; -62.54000
Atheroma
An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall.

The material consists of mostly macrophage cells, or debris, containing lipids, calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue. The accumulated material forms a swelling in the artery wall, which may intrude into the lumen of the artery, narrowing it and restricting blood flow. Atheroma is the pathological basis for the disease entity atherosclerosis, a subtype of arteriosclerosis.

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
Mike Gin
Michael A. Gin (甄榮峰) is an American politician who served as mayor of Redondo Beach, California and was a Republican candidate in the special election to fill the seat in California's 36th congressional district left vacant by the resignation of Jane Harman.

2011 California's 36th congressional district special election
A 2011 special election filled the vacancy in California's 36th congressional district after the resignation of incumbent Jane Harman on February 28, 2011; Harman vacated her seat in the U.S. House of Representatives to become head of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

The special primary election occurred on May 17, 2011. Democrat Janice Hahn received the highest number of votes, with Republican Craig Huey taking second place. Because no candidate received more than 50 percent of the vote in the primary, a special general election was held on July 12, 2011, between the top two vote recipients. The runoff election was won by Janice Hahn.
Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin
Al-Majdi fi Ansab al-Talibiyyin (Arabic: ألمَجدی فی أنسابِ الطّالبیّین, lit. 'Attributed to Majdi in the Lineages of the Talibis Peoples') is an Arabic book written by Ali ibn Muhammad Alawi Umari known as Ibn Sufi on the subject of genealogy dating back to the fifth century AH—11th century AD/CE. In this work, the author discusses the genealogy of the descendants of the Alawis and the Talebis, especially the genealogy of the first Shiite Imam, Ali and his descendants. Almost a thousand years have passed since the life of this handwritten manuscript book.

Ibn Sufi
Ali ibn Muhammad Alawi Umari with the full name of Najmuddin Abul-Hasan Ali ibn Abul-Ghanaim Alawi Umari known as Ibn Sufi (born c. 1000 AD/CE—c. 390 AH in Basra, died c. 1068 AD/CE—c. 460 AH in Mosul) was a prominent Shiite genealogist and the author of the famous Arabic historical genealogy book "Al-Majdi fi Ansabi al-Taalebiyin" (in Arabic: ألمَجدی فی أنسابِ الطّالبیّین, lit. 'Attributed to Al-Majdi in the Lineages of the Taalebis People').
Piru Creek
Piru Creek is a major stream, about 71 miles (114 km) long, in northern Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County, California. It is a tributary of the Santa Clara River, the largest stream system in Southern California that is still relatively natural.

The creek drains an area of about 497 square miles (1,290 km2), making it the Santa Clara River's biggest tributary in terms of watershed size. Most of the creek above Lake Piru is located in the Los Padres National Forest. There are two major reservoirs on Piru Creek, Lake Piru and Pyramid Lake, which respectively store water for local irrigation and the California State Water Project.

Los Padres National Forest
Los Padres National Forest is a United States national forest in southern and central California. Administered by the United States Forest Service, Los Padres includes most of the mountainous land along the California coast from Ventura to Monterey, extending inland. Elevations range from sea level to 8,847 feet (2,697 m).
North West Leicestershire
North West Leicestershire is a local government district in Leicestershire, England. The towns in the district include of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Castle Donington, Coalville (where the council is based) and Ibstock. Notable villages in the district include Donington le Heath, Ellistown, Hugglescote, Kegworth, Measham, Shackerstone, Thringstone and Whitwick.

Castle Donington is notable as the location of Donington Park, a grand-prix circuit and a major venue for music festivals. The area has a long history of mineral extraction, with coal, brick clay, gravel and granite amongst the products. All the deep coal mines in the area have closed, but opencast mining still continues. The district is also home to part of the Battlefield Line and the Ibstock Brick.

The neighbouring districts are Charnwood, Hinckley and Bosworth, North Warwickshire, Lichfield, South Derbyshire, Erewash and Rushcliffe.

Measham
Measham is a large village in the North West Leicestershire district in Leicestershire, England, near the Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Warwickshire boundaries. It lies off the A42, 4+1⁄2 miles (7.2 km) south of Ashby de la Zouch, in the National Forest. Historically it was in an exclave of Derbyshire absorbed into Leicestershire in 1897. The name is thought to mean "homestead on the River Mease". The village was once part of Derbyshire before being transferred to Leicestershire.
PSIM Yogyakarta
Perserikatan Sepakbola Indonesia Mataram (Hanacaraka: ꦥꦼꦂꦱꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦱꦼꦥꦏ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦭꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦩꦠꦫꦩ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ), commonly known as PSIM Yogyakarta, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Yogyakarta that set to competes in the Super League from 2025–26, the top tier of Indonesian football after promotion from Liga 2 in 2024–25. The club play their home match in Mandala Krida. Nicknamed Laskar Mataram, they were founded as Perserikatan Sepakraga Mataram in 1929, but changed their name to PSIM one year after. PSIM is also one of the founders of Indonesian football association PSSI, along with six other clubs.

Mandala Krida Stadium
Mandala Krida Stadium (Indonesian: Stadion Mandala Krida; Javanese: ꦱꦼꦠꦝꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦏꦿꦶꦢ, romanized: Setadhiyon Mandala Krida) is a football stadium located in Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The stadium is surrounded by three roads, east is the Gondosuli Road, south is Kenari Road, and west is the Andung Road. The stadium is used mostly for football matches in general and also held several large events in the city, such as concerts, the presidential campaign, and Eid prayers. The stadium is home of PSIM Yogyakarta and was venue of major league games Medco 4 in 2008. The new stadium can accommodate 25,000 people.
Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives
The Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives is an office established via the Treaty of New Echota in 1835. The office was intended to represent the Cherokee people and was instrumental in negotiations of land transfer and sovereignty in the Treaty. The office went vacant until 2019, with the appointment of Kimberly Teehee of the Cherokee Nation. Teehee and tribal leadership attempted to get her seated in the 116th and 117th United States Congresses. In 2021, the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians designated their own delegate, lawyer Victoria Holland.

Victoria Holland
Victoria "Tori" Holland (née Proctor) is a Native American attorney, politician, and activist. She is delegate-designate to the U.S. House of Representatives from the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

Holland was born in Tahlequah, Oklahoma.

She attended Northeastern State University and graduated from the University of Oklahoma College of Law.

In her work as an attorney with Devol & Associates, she has advocated for various Oklahoma tribes, including the Comanche Nation.

In 2021, she was selected by the UKB as a congressional delegate, arguing they hold the same rights as the Cherokee Nation and Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians to do so.

Holland has a husband and children who are Cherokee Nation citizens.
JS16
Jaakko Sakari Salovaara (born 13 January 1975), better known by his stage name JS16, is a Finnish musician, DJ and record producer. He is best known for his work with Finnish hip hop group Bomfunk MC's, producing their most successful song "Freestyler", and for his work with Finnish DJ and producer Darude, as well as other solo productions and remixes. He released his debut studio album, Stomping System in 1998. He is part of the DJ duo Dallas Superstars with Heikki L, and owns the dance music record label 16 Inch Records.

Freestyler
"Freestyler" is a song by Finnish hip hop group Bomfunk MC's. It was released in Finland on 30 October 1999 as the third single from their debut studio album, In Stereo (1999), and was released internationally in February 2000. "Freestyler" peaked at number four on the Finnish Singles Chart and topped the charts in more than 10 countries, including Australia, Germany, Italy, New Zealand and Sweden. The song also peaked within the top 10 of the charts in Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
Ștefan cel Mare Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
The Ştefan cel Mare Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romanian: Academia „Ștefan cel Mare" a Ministerului Afacerilor Interne) is the police academy of Moldova. It is named after Stephen III of Moldavia, who ruled the country as Voivode (Prince) from 1457 and 1504. It primarily trains personnel of the General Police Inspectorate in their future service as law enforcement officers. Outside of the IGP, it also trains personnel from other law enforcement agencies under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is located on 21 Gheorghe Asachi Street in Chișinău.

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Moldova)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, MAI) is one of the fourteen ministries of the Government of Moldova. It is the main executive body responsible for law enforcement agencies in Moldova such as Police, Border Police and Carabinieri.
Thomas Thorowgood
Thomas Thorowgood (died c.1669), B.D., was a Puritan minister and preacher in King's Lynn, Norfolk, England. He was the first English author to argue in 1650 that American Indians were descended from the Lost Ten Tribes of the biblical ancient Israelites. This theory was an early 16th century Christian theory that was revived in popularity during the beginning of the English colonisation of North America in the 17th century.

Jewish Indian theory
Jewish Indian theory (or Hebraic Indian theory, or Jewish Amerindian theory) is the erroneous idea that some or all of the lost tribes of Israel had travelled to the Americas and that all or some of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas are of Israelite descent or were influenced by still-lost Jewish populations. The theory was popular in the late seventeenth century following works by Menasseh Ben Israel, John Dury, and Thomas Thorowgood.

Via the works of James Adair, Ethan Smith, and two Methodist Elders by the names of George Lane and Johnson Dunham, it had a lasting legacy through its influence on Mormon belief.
New South Wales Xplorer
The New South Wales Xplorers are a class of diesel multiple unit (DMU) trains built by ABB. Initially entering service in October 1993 with CountryLink, the Xplorers are mechanically identical to the Endeavour railcars, though feature a higher level of passenger amenity. All 23 carriages were built in the Dandenong rolling stock factory. The Xplorers currently operate under NSW TrainLink, running on the regional Main North, Main Western and Main Southern lines throughout New South Wales.

Dandenong rolling stock factory
The Dandenong rolling stock factory  in the Melbourne suburb of Dandenong South was opened in 1954 by Commonwealth Engineering. It has since been operated in succession by ABB, Adtranz, Bombardier and Alstom.
All About Eve (Philippine TV series)
All About Eve is a 2009 Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based on a 2000 South Korean television series of the same title. Directed by  Gil Tejada Jr., Mac Alejandre and Eric Quizon, it stars Sunshine Dizon in the title role and Iza Calzado. It premiered on March 9, 2009 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on June 5, 2009 with a total of 63 episodes.

All About Eve (South Korean TV series)
All About Eve (Korean: 이브의 모든것) is a 2000 South Korean television series starring Jang Dong-gun, Chae Rim, Han Jae-suk and Kim So-yeon. The series focuses on two beautiful, young TV news reporters competing for the top position at the network they work for. It aired on MBC from April 26 to July 6, 2000, on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 (KST) for 20 episodes.

Besides sharing a title and the premise of female rivalry, this drama has nothing to do with the 1950 film of the same name starring Bette Davis.
Ankara University, Turkish and Foreign Language Application and Research Center
Turkish and Foreign Languages Research and Application Center of Ankara University, TÖMER, was founded in 1984 by Mehmet Hengirmen for the purposes of teaching the Turkish language to foreigners and natives; such language and culture institutions as the British Council, Goethe Institut, Instituto Cervantes and Alliance française acted as models for the constitution of the Center. It has class levels from beginner to advanced.

Ankara University
Ankara University (Turkish: Ankara Üniversitesi) is a public research university in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. It was the first higher education institution founded in Turkey after the formation of the Turkish republic in 1923.
Sugarloaf Mountain (Florida)
Sugarloaf Mountain is the fifth-highest named point and the most prominent point in the U.S. state of Florida. At 312 feet (95 m) above sea level it is also the highest point on the geographic Florida Peninsula. The hill is in Lake County, near the city of Clermont.

Lake County, Florida
Lake County is a county in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 383,956. Its county seat is Tavares, and its largest city is Clermont. Lake County is included in the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area.
About a Boy (novel)
About a Boy is a 1998 coming of age novel written by British writer Nick Hornby, which has sold over a million copies. The novel was later adapted into a feature film in 2002 and a television series in 2014.

About a Boy (film)
About a Boy is a 2002 comedy-drama film directed by Paul Weitz and Chris Weitz, who co-wrote the screenplay with Peter Hedges. It is an adaptation of the 1998 novel by Nick Hornby. The film stars Hugh Grant, Nicholas Hoult, Toni Collette, and Rachel Weisz.

The film was theatrically released on 26 April 2002 by Universal Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Actors Hugh Grant and Toni Collette were nominated for a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award, respectively, for their performances. The film received positive reviews from critics and earned $130.5 million against a $30 million budget.
Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge
Holy Trinity Church is a church in Market Street, in the city of Cambridge, in Cambridgeshire, England, on the corner with Sidney Street. Its current vicar is Stuart Browning. Theologically, it stands within the charismatic evangelical tradition of the Church of England.

Sidney Street, Cambridge
Sidney Street is a major street in central Cambridge, England. It runs between Bridge Street at the junction with Jesus Lane to the northwest and St Andrew's Street at the junction with Hobson Street to the southeast.

On the northeastern side of the street is the University of Cambridge college Sidney Sussex College.  Opposite the college, Green Street, another shopping street, leads off to the west. To the southeast of the college is Sussex Street. On the corner is the tall and distinctive Montagu House, part of Sidney Sussex College.

Holy Trinity Church is on the southwestern side, on the southern corner with Market Street.
British Indian passport
The British Indian passport was a passport, proof of national status and travel document issued to British subjects of British India (officially mentioned as the Indian Empire), British subjects from other parts of the British Empire, and the subjects of the British protected states in the Indian subcontinent (i. e. the British Protected Persons of the 'princely states'). The title of the state stamped on the outside cover but not inside the passport was the "Indian Empire", which covered all of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar (Burma).

The use of the passport was discontinued after the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, and its bearers were entitled to opt for Indian, Pakistani or British nationality.

Pakistani nationality law
The primary law governing nationality of Pakistan is the Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951, which came into force on 13 April 1951.

With few exceptions, all individuals born in the country are automatically citizens at birth. Foreign nationals may naturalise as Pakistani citizens after residing in the country for at least five years and showing proficiency in at least one vernacular language of Pakistan. Commonwealth citizens who make a substantial financial investment in the state are eligible for a facilitated naturalisation process.

Pakistan was previously ruled by the British Empire and local residents were British subjects and British protected persons. Although Pakistan gained independence in 1947 and Pakistanis no longer hold British nationality, they remain Commonwealth citizens under British law. When residing in the United Kingdom, Pakistani citizens are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there.
Take Me High
Take Me High (also known as Hot Property) is a 1973 British film directed by David Askey and starring Cliff Richard (in his final film role), Deborah Watling, Hugh Griffith, George Cole and Anthony Andrews. It was written by Christopher Penfold.

Deborah Watling
Deborah Patricia Watling (2 January 1948 – 21 July 2017) was an English actress who played the role of Victoria Waterfield, a companion of the Second Doctor in the BBC television series Doctor Who from 1967 to 1968. She began her career as a child actress, making her debut as a regular in The Invisible Man (1958–1959). Watling also starred in the films Take Me High (1973) with Cliff Richard and That'll Be the Day (1973) with David Essex as well as playing Julie Robertson in The Newcomers (1969) and Norma Baker in Danger UXB (1979) on television.
265th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
The 265th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment in the Florida Army National Guard. The unit was formed 19 October 1923 in the Florida National Guard as the 1st Separate Battalion, Coast Artillery Corps. It was reorganized and redesignated as the 265th Coast Artillery Regiment (CA) (Harbor Defense) (HD) in 1929. The 265th was activated for World War II and served in the harbor defenses of Galveston, Texas, Los Angeles, California, Key West, Florida, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, and Alaska until broken up into battalions in July 1944. The unit lineage was carried by two antiaircraft battalions organized in 1946, one of which was federalized in Florida during the Korean War. They were onsolidated with other units in 1959 as the 265th Artillery, and reorganized in 1987 as the 265th Air Defense Artillery.

Florida Army National Guard
The Florida Army National Guard is Florida's component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard.  In the United States, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the federal army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization.  Federal coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.  The Florida Army National Guard was composed of approximately 10,000 soldiers (as of March 2009). The main state training grounds is Camp Blanding.

Florida Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army.  The same enlisted ranks and officer ranks and insignia used by the United States Army are used by Army National Guardsmen and the latter are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Florida National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Florida.