hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proclamation No. 216
Proclamation No. 216 was the 2017 proclamation of martial law and suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the whole of Mindanao amid clashes between government forces and Maute group terrorists in Marawi, issued by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on May 23, 2017. The state of martial law was extended thrice by Congress at the request of Duterte, citing necessity to quell hostile activities perpetrated by terrorist groups, and ended with the third extension lapsing on December 31, 2019.

Proclamation No. 1081
Proclamation No. 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on September 23, 1972.

The proclamation marked the onset of a 14-year period of authoritarian rule, which would include eight years of Martial Law (de jure ending on January 17, 1981, through Proclamation No. 2045), but not de facto: followed by five more years where Marcos retained essentially all of his powers as dictator.

Marcos was eventually ousted on February 25, 1986, as a result of the EDSA People Power Revolution.
Ghatotkacha (king)
Ghatotkacha (Gupta script:  Gha-to-tka-cha, IAST: Ghaṭotkaca, r. c. late 3rd century - early 4th century) was a pre-imperial Gupta king of northern India. He was a son of the dynasty's founder Gupta, and the father of the dynasty's first emperor Chandragupta I.

Chandragupta I
Chandragupta I (Gupta script:  Cha-ndra-gu-pta, r. c. 319–335) was a monarch of the Gupta Empire, who ruled in northern and central India. His title "Mahārājadhirāja" (lit. 'Great king of kings') suggests that he was the first suzerain ruler of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the Licchavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power. Their son Samudragupta further expanded the Gupta Empire.
Lucilia cuprina
Lucilia cuprina, formerly named Phaenicia cuprina, the Australian sheep blowfly is a blow fly in the family Calliphoridae. It causes the condition known as "sheep strike". The female fly locates a sheep with ideal conditions, such as an open wound or a build-up of faeces or urine in the wool, in which she lays her eggs. The emerging larvae cause large lesions on the sheep, which may prove to be fatal.

Common green bottle fly
The common green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata) is a blowfly found in most areas of the world and is the most well-known of the numerous green bottle fly species. Its body is 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) in length – slightly larger than a house fly – and has brilliant, metallic, blue-green or golden coloration with black markings. It has short, sparse, black bristles (setae) and three cross-grooves on the thorax. The wings are clear with light brown veins, and the legs and antennae are black. The larvae of the fly may be used for maggot therapy, are commonly used in forensic entomology, and can be the cause of myiasis in livestock and pets. The common green bottle fly emerges in the spring for mating.
Holy See and the United Nations
The Holy See is not a member of the United Nations (not having applied for membership) but was granted permanent observer state (i.e., non-member state) status on 6 April 1964. In that capacity, it has the right to attend all sessions of the United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, and the United Nations Economic and Social Council to observe their work. Accordingly, the Holy See has established permanent observer missions in New York and in Geneva and has been able to influence the decisions and recommendations of the United Nations.

Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva
The Permanent Observer of Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva is the representative of the Holy See to the European office of the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. The Church also has a representative at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York who is known as the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations.

The Permanent Observer holds the diplomatic rank of Apostolic Nuncio and the ecclesiastical title of a titular archbishop.
Andreas Stratos
Andreas N. Stratos (Greek: Ανδρέας Ν. Στράτος; 1905 – 30 August 1981) was a Greek lawyer, politician and historian. The son of Prime Minister of Greece Nikolaos Stratos, he was elected a member of the Hellenic Parliament continuously from 1932 to 1961, serving five times in cabinet posts as Minister for Labour (1946, 1954–55), Minister Governor-General of Northern Greece (1952–54) and Minister of Health and Social Welfare (1958–61, 1961–62). After retiring from politics he wrote the six-volume Byzantium in the 7th Century (Το Βυζάντιον στον Ζ' αιώνα, 1965–77), the first comprehensive study of the Byzantine state in that period.

Nikolaos Stratos
Nikolaos Stratos (Greek: Νικόλαος Στράτος; 16 May 1872 – 28 November 1922 (15 November Old Style dating)) was a Prime Minister of Greece for a few days in May 1922. He was later tried and executed for his role in the Catastrophe of 1922.
Oversteps (album)
Oversteps is the tenth studio album by British electronic music duo Autechre, released on Warp Records in 2010. The album was made available for official download on Bleep and the Japanese iTunes Store on 22 February 2010; the CD and deluxe vinyl editions were released on 22 March 2010.

Critics were generally positive about the album, with many considering it more focused and accessible than previous albums. Four months after its release, Oversteps was followed by a companion EP entitled Move of Ten.

Move of Ten
Move of Ten is an EP by British electronic music duo Autechre, announced on 25 May 2010 and released by Warp Records in June–July 2010, only a few months after Oversteps, Autechre's tenth major album. Move of Ten features packaging and artwork by The Designers Republic, and was released in mp3 as well as 16- and 24-bit WAV formats on 14 June 2010 via the bleep.com online music store. A release on CD and two (separate) 12"s followed on 12 July.

Like several other Autechre releases, Move of Ten is classified as an EP by the band despite being long enough to qualify as an LP. In a favorable review, Pitchfork described Move of Ten as "a beat-driven complement to Oversteps' dubstep-nodding ambiance," and as "the most forceful Autechre record in a while."
12 dicembre
12 dicembre, also known as Dodici dicembre (eng: December 12th), is a 1972 documentary film directed by Giovanni Bonfanti and Pier Paolo Pasolini (uncredited).

It is an independent documentary about the Piazza Fontana massacre and the death of anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli.

Piazza Fontana bombing
The Piazza Fontana bombing (Italian: Strage di Piazza Fontana) was a terrorist attack that occurred on 12 December 1969 when a bomb exploded at the headquarters of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura (the National Agricultural Bank) in Piazza Fontana (near the Duomo) in Milan, Italy, killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon, another bomb exploded in a bank in Rome, and another was found unexploded in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The attack was carried out by the neo-fascist paramilitary terrorist group Ordine Nuovo, and possibly undetermined collaborators.
Moravice, Croatia
Moravice (formerly known as Komorske Moravice until 1919, thereafter as Srpske Moravice until 1991) (Serbian Cyrillic: Моравице) is a settlement in north-western Croatia, situated at the far east of the mountainous region of Gorski kotar in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. It is part of the Vrbovsko municipality. The population is 664 (as of the 2011 census). As of its foundation on 3 March 2008, it is the seat of a local committee encompassing Radigojna, Tomići, Bujevci, Vukelići, Nikšići, Dokmanovići, Jakšići, Dragovići, Topolovica, Međedi, Vučinići, Komlenići, Radoševići, Tići, Mlinari, Žakule, Carevići, Gornji Vukšići, Donji Vukšići, Matići, Donji Vučkovići, Gornji Vučkovići and Petrovići.

Vrbovsko
Vrbovsko (Serbian Cyrillic: Врбовско) is a town in western Croatia, situated at the far east of the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County; on its 280 square kilometers area, Vrbovsko features 60 settlements and a total of 3876 inhabitants. The town of Vrbovsko itself has a population of 1257. The Kamačnik canyon is its main source of tourism.
Los Ríos Region
The Los Ríos Region  (Spanish: Región de Los Ríos, pronounced [los ˈri.os], lit. Region of the Rivers) is one of Chile's 16 regions, the country's first-order administrative divisions. Its capital is Valdivia. It began to operate as a region on October 2, 2007, having been created by subdividing the Los Lagos Region in southern Chile. It consists of two provinces: Valdivia and the newly created Ranco Province, which was formerly part of Valdivia Province.

El Ranco
El Ranco Province (Spanish: Provincia del Ranco) is one of two provinces of the southern Chilean region of Los Ríos. It is named after Ranco Lake shared by the communes (comunas) of Futrono and Lago Ranco. The lake is drained by the Bueno River, on which basin lies most of the province. La Unión is the provincial capital.
Randy Farmer
Frank Randall "Randy" Farmer (born October 16, 1961) is an American game developer, co-creator with Chip Morningstar of one of the first graphical online games, 1985's Habitat. In 2001 he and Morningstar were the first recipients of the Pioneer Award (at the time called the "First Penguin Award") by the International Game Developers Association. Farmer was involved with the creation of Yahoo! 360 and Communities.com, and has published several works on web and game development, social media, and online communities.

Game Developers Choice Awards
The Game Developers Choice Awards are awards annually presented at the Game Developers Conference for outstanding game developers and games. Introduced in 2001, the Game Developers Choice Awards were preceded by the Spotlight Awards, which were presented from 1997 to 1999. Since then, the ceremony for the Independent Games Festival is held just prior to the Choice Awards ceremony.
Triple Stimulus Voucher
Triple Stimulus Vouchers were a series of vouchers issued in response to the 2020 Coronavirus recession by the government of the Republic of China as part of its post-epidemic revitalisation of the business climate in the country, as the economy of Taiwan took a major hit from the global pandemic.

The Triple Stimulus Vouchers were valid from July 15 to December 31, 2020, or about 6 months in total. A 200-point voucher equaled NT$200, and a 500-point equaled NT$500. The total amount of vouchers received per person was 3,000 points (NT$3,000), 5,200-point vouchers and 4,500-point.

ROC consumer voucher
The Republic of China Consumer Voucher (Chinese: 中華民國振興經濟消費券) is a type of voucher issued by the government of the Republic of China in times of economic troubles. In 2009, the first series of vouchers was issued in respond to the Great Recession and a second series (known as the Triple Stimulus Vouchers) was issued in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 recession. The second series was issued both as physical vouchers as well as digital e-vouchers.
Gleneagles Hotel, Torquay
The Gleneagles Hotel was a hotel in Torquay, Devon, England. The 41-bed establishment, which opened in the 1960s, was the inspiration for Fawlty Towers, a British situation comedy first broadcast in the mid-1970s. John Cleese and his then wife Connie Booth were inspired to write the series after they had stayed at the hotel, where they witnessed the eccentric behaviour of its co-owner, Donald Sinclair, who ran the hotel with his wife Beatrice until they sold it in 1973. The hotel was later managed by Best Western. It closed in February 2015 and was replaced by retirement apartments.

Donald Sinclair (hotel owner)
Donald William Sinclair (10 July 1909 – 5 September 1981) was an English naval officer and hotel owner. He was the co-proprietor of the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay in Devon. He helped manage the hotel after an extensive career as an officer in the Merchant Navy and the Royal Navy. During the Second World War, Sinclair twice survived the sinking of the ships on which he was serving.

Sinclair was the inspiration for the character Basil Fawlty, played by John Cleese, in the television sitcom Fawlty Towers that Cleese co-wrote. This was owing to Sinclair's allegedly stuffy, snobbish and eccentric treatment of his guests, including Cleese and other members of the Monty Python cast. Cleese later played a character named Donald Sinclair in the 2001 film Rat Race.
Rudrangshu Mukherjee
Rudrangshu Mukherjee is a historian and author of several history books. He was formerly the Opinions Editor for The Telegraph newspaper, Kolkata and the Chancellor for Ashoka University, where he also serves as Professor of History. He was the founding Vice-Chancellor of Ashoka when the University began in 2014 and was succeeded in 2017 by Pratap Bhanu Mehta.

Ashoka University
Ashoka University is a private research university located in Sonipat, Haryana, providing a liberal education in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. It was founded in 2014 and is based on the model of collective philanthropy, with 200+ founders across various industries.
Bulgarian verbs
Bulgarian verbs are the most complicated part of Bulgarian grammar, especially when compared with other Slavic languages. Bulgarian verbs are inflected for person, number and sometimes gender. They also have lexical aspect (perfective and imperfective), voice, nine tenses, three moods, four evidentials and six non-finite verbal forms. Because the subject of the verb can be inferred from the verb ending, it is often omitted. As there is no infinitive in contemporary Bulgarian, the basic form of a verb is its present simple tense first person singular form.

Evidentiality
In linguistics, evidentiality is, broadly, the indication of the nature of evidence for a given statement; that is, whether evidence exists for the statement and if so, what kind. An evidential (also verificational or validational) is the particular grammatical element (affix, clitic, or particle) that indicates evidentiality. Languages with only a single evidential have had terms such as mediative, médiatif, médiaphorique, and indirective used instead of evidential.

Evidentiality may be direct or indirect: direct evidentials are used to describe information directly perceived by the speaker through vision as well as other sensory experiences while indirect evidentials consist of the other grammatical markers for evidence such as quotatives and inferentials.
Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack
The 2009 Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque strike or massacre of Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque occurred on January 3, 2009, as part of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza War when the Israeli Air Forces launched a missile and hit the Martyr Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque in Beit Lahia in the Gaza Strip during the evening prayers (Maghrib prayer).

Beit Lahia
Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya (Arabic: بيت لاهيا) is a city in the Gaza Strip, north of Jabalia, in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to Beit Hanoun and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017.
Emanuel Goldberg
Emanuel Goldberg  (Hebrew: עמנואל גולדברג; Yiddish: עמנואל גאָלדבערג; Russian: Эмануэль Гольдберг; 31 August 1881 – 13 September 1970) was an Israeli physicist and inventor. He was born in Moscow and moved first to Germany and later to Israel. He described himself as "a chemist by learning, physicist by calling, and a mechanic by birth." He contributed a wide range of theoretic and practical advances relating to light and media and was the founding head of Zeiss Ikon, the famous photographic products company in Dresden, Germany. His inventions include microdots, the Kinamo movie camera, the Contax 35 mm camera, a very early search engine, and equipment for sensitometry.

Microdot
A microdot is text or an image substantially reduced in size to prevent detection by unintended recipients. Microdots are normally circular and around 1 millimetre (0.039 in) in diameter but can be made into different shapes and sizes and made from various materials such as polyester or metal. The name comes from microdots often having been about the size and shape of a typographical dot, such as a period or the tittle of a lowercase i or j. Microdots are, fundamentally, a steganographic approach to message protection.
Pri Pambudi Teguh
Pri Pambudi Teguh (born 23 March 1961) is an Indonesian judge, writer, and lecturer. He served as a  Justice at the Supreme Court of Indonesia beginning in 2018. He is the older brother of politician Ganjar Pranowo.

Ganjar Pranowo
Ganjar Pranowo (born 28 October 1968) is an Indonesian politician who served as the governor of Central Java between 2013 and 2023. He is a member of the nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). He was a candidate for president in the 2024 Indonesian presidential elections, running alongside former Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia, Mahfud MD, and coming in third place. Previously, he represented Central Java as a national legislator in the People's Representative Council (DPR) for two terms from 2004 until 2009 and 2009 until 2013. He has been described as a left-wing populist.
Zenki
Zenki (Japanese: 鬼神童子 ZENKI, Hepburn: Kishin Dōji Zenki; lit. "Demon God Child Zenki") is a Japanese manga series written by Kikuhide Tani and illustrated by Yoshihiro Kuroiwa. It was introduced and serialized in the Shueisha's Monthly Shōnen Jump magazine from December 1992 to September 1996. Zenki was adapted into a 51-episode anime television series in 1995 and a single original video animation in 1997 by Studio Deen and also received five video games. Media Blasters handles the English language version of the anime and its distribution rights.

Studio Deen
Studio Deen Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社スタジオディーン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Dīn; sometimes stylized as Studio DEEN) is a Japanese animation studio founded in 1975 by former Sunrise producer Hiroshi Hasegawa, along with a team of ex-Sunrise animators. The studio owns three subsidiaries: Danny Donghua (丹尼動画), a Chinese sub-contracting studio; Megumi (め組), a digital work sub-contracting studio; and Umidori (うみどり), a 3DCG sub-contracting studio. Studio Deen has been operating as a subsidiary of IMA Group since April 2011.
Watsonian FC
Watsonian Football Club is a rugby union club based in Edinburgh and part of the Scottish Rugby Union. It is one of a small number of rugby union clubs entitled to call itself a 'football club', rather than a 'rugby football club'. Watsonians run a number of sides; the top male side plays in the Scottish Premiership, the Women's side plays in the Scottish Womens Premiership (see Watsonians Ladies Rugby).

Between the 2019-2020 and 2023-2024 seasons the club ran a men's professional side which competed in the Super 6 league and Super Sprint competitions.

Scottish Premiership (rugby union)
The Scottish Premiership (known as the Arnold Clark Men's Premiership for sponsorship reasons) is the highest level of league competition for men's amateur rugby union clubs in Scotland. First held in 1973, it is the top division of the Scottish League Championship. The most recent champions are Ayr, while the most successful club is Hawick who have won the competition thirteen times.

Ten clubs contest the league, with the bottom club relegated to the Scottish National League Division One.

The top level of club rugby in Scotland are the two professional teams – Edinburgh Rugby and Glasgow Warriors – that play in the United Rugby Championship. They assign their players to the clubs below in a pro draft so that they can still play when not used by the professional sides.
Piglet (gamer)
Chae Gwang-jin (Korean: 채광진), better known as Piglet, is a South Korean former professional League of Legends player, and previous coach for T1 Academy. Piglet won the Season 3 World Championship in 2013 with LCK team SK Telecom T1.

T1 (esports)
T1 (previously known as SK Telecom T1 or SKT T1) is a South Korean esports organization operated by T1 Entertainment & Sports, a joint venture between SK Telecom and Comcast Spectacor. The team that would become SKT T1 was originally founded in 2002 by StarCraft player Lim "BoxeR" Yo-hwan under the name Team Orion, which was later renamed to 4 Union in December 2003. In April 2004, South Korean wireless carrier SK Telecom began sponsoring the team, officially creating the team SK Telecom T1.

T1's League of Legends team has won a record six League of Legends World Championship titles (2013, 2015, 2016, 2023, 2024 and 2025) and ten League of Legends Champions Korea championships, also a record. In addition, they have won two Mid-Season Invitational titles (2016 and 2017), one Esports World Cup title (2024), and one KeSPA Cup (2025).
Patach
Pataḥ (Hebrew: פַּתָּח patákh, IPA: [paˈtaħ], Biblical Hebrew: pattā́ḥ) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by a horizontal line ⟨ אַ‎ ⟩ underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme /a/ which is close to the "[a]" sound in the English word far and is transliterated as an a.

In Modern Hebrew, a pataḥ makes the same sound as a qamatz, as does the ḥaṭaf pataḥ (Hebrew: חֲטַף פַּתַח IPA: [ħaˈtˤaf paˈtaħ], "reduced pataḥ"). The reduced (or ḥaṭaf) niqqud exist for pataḥ, qamatz, and segol which contain a shva next to it.

In Yiddish orthography, a pataḥ (called pasekh in Yiddish) has two uses. The combination of pasekh with the letter aleph, אַ, is used to represent the vowel [a]; the combination of pasekh with a digraph consisting of two yods, ײַ, is used to represent the diphthong [aj].

Kamatz
Kamatz or qamatz (Modern Hebrew: קָמָץ, IPA: [kaˈmats]; alternatively קָמֶץ qāmeṣ) is a Hebrew niqqud (vowel) sign represented by two perpendicular lines (looking like an uppercase T) ⟨ ָ ‎ ⟩ underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it usually indicates the phoneme /a/ which is the "a" sound in the word spa and is transliterated as a. In these cases, its sound is identical to the sound of pataḥ in modern Hebrew. In a minority of cases it indicates the phoneme /o/, equal to the sound of ḥolam. In traditional Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation, qamatz is pronounced as the phoneme /ɔ/, which becomes /u/ in some contexts in southern Ashkenazi dialects. For this reason, the equivalent phoneme in Yiddish (/ɔ/ in some dialects, /u/ in others) is spelled with an aleph marked with a kamatz ⟨אָ‎⟩, in Yiddish orthography.
Cremaster muscle
The cremaster muscle is a paired structure made of thin layers of striated and smooth muscle that covers the testicles and the spermatic cords in human males. It consists of the lateral and medial parts. Cremaster is an involuntary muscle, responsible for the cremasteric reflex; a protective and physiologic superficial reflex of the testicles. The reflex raises and lowers the testicles in order to keep them protected. Along with the dartos muscle of the scrotum, it regulates testicular temperature, thus aiding the process of spermatogenesis.

Spermatic cord
The spermatic cord is the cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens (ductus deferens) and surrounding tissue that runs from the deep inguinal ring down to each testicle. Its serosal covering, the tunica vaginalis, is an extension of the peritoneum that passes through the transversalis fascia. Each testicle develops in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar region and migrates into the scrotum. During its descent it carries along with it the vas deferens, its vessels, nerves etc. There is one on each side.