hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pines of Rome
Pines of Rome (Italian: Pini di Roma), P 141, is a tone poem in four movements for orchestra completed in 1924 by the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi. It is the second of his three tone poems about Rome, following Fontane di Roma (1916) and preceding Feste Romane (1928). Each movement depicts a setting in the city with pine trees, specifically those in the Villa Borghese gardens, near a catacomb, on the Janiculum Hill, and along the Appian Way. The premiere was held at the Teatro Augusteo in Rome on 14 December 1924, with Bernardino Molinari conducting the Augusteo Orchestra, and the piece was published by Casa Ricordi in 1925.

Fountains of Rome (symphonic poem)
Fountains of Rome (Italian: Fontane di Roma), P 106, is a tone poem in four movements completed in 1916 by the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi. It is the first of his three tone poems about Rome, preceding Pines of Rome (1924) and Roman Festivals (1928). Each movement depicts a setting at one of Rome's fountains at a different time of the day, specifically the Valle Giulia, Triton, Trevi, and Villa Medici. The premiere was held at the Teatro Augusteo on 11 March 1917, with Antonio Guarnieri conducting the Augusteo Orchestra. Respighi was disheartened at its initial mild reception and put away the score, until the piece was re-evaluated by the public following a February 1918 performance by conductor Arturo Toscanini which brought the composer international fame. The piece was published by Casa Ricordi in 1918.
Øyvind Brække
Øyvind Brække (born 25 August 1969) is a Norwegian jazz musician (trombone), composer, music arranger and band leader, best known for Bodega Band and S. Møller Storband. He was the initiator of the popular and still active band The Source, who released several albums, and made contributions to dozens of recordings with musicians like Chick Corea, Eirik Hegdal, Per Zanussi, Erlend Skomsvoll, Trondheim Jazz Orchestra, Knut Kristiansen, Jacob Young, Trygve Seim, Per Oddvar Johansen, Mathilde Grooss Viddal, Dingobats, Sverre Gjørvad, Motorpsycho, FriEnsemblet and Come Shine.

Trygve Seim
Trygve Seim (born 25 April 1971) is a Norwegian jazz saxophonist and composer. Seim has released numerous albums since 1992, including over 20 albums for ECM Records as a composer, band-leader or co-band-leader.
Great Smoky Mountains Railroad
The Great Smoky Mountains Railroad (reporting mark GSMR) is a heritage and freight railroad based in Bryson City, North Carolina, United States. Originally formed in 1988, it is currently owned and operated by American Heritage Railways since late 1999. The GSMR operates excursion trains on the former Southern Railway's Murphy Branch between Dillsboro and Nantahala, North Carolina. The GSMR is one of the most popular tourist railroads in the United States, carrying 200,000 passengers each year.

Murphy Branch
The Murphy Branch is a branch line operated by the Western North Carolina Railroad, later the Richmond and Danville, Southern Railway, the Norfolk Southern Railway (NS) and today the Blue Ridge Southern Railroad. The branch runs between Asheville, North Carolina in the east and Murphy in the west.

I-40 from Asheville to Canton and US Route 74, also known as the Great Smoky Mountains Expressway, from Canton to Murphy, roughly parallel the railway. Grades on the Murphy Branch exceed 4.0% in two places.
Tavush Province
Tavush (Armenian: Տավուշ, Armenian pronunciation: [tɑˈvuʃ] ⓘ) is a province of Armenia located at the northeast of Armenia, bordered by Georgia from the north and Azerbaijan from the east. Internally, Tavush borders the Gegharkunik Province from the south, Kotayk Province from the southwest, and the Lori Province from west. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ijevan.

Lori Province
Lori (Armenian: Լոռի, Armenian pronunciation: [lɔˈri] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak. It is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries and the well-preserved Akhtala monastery.

The province was heavily damaged during the 1988 Armenian earthquake.

The province is served by the Stepanavan Airport.
Izvaryne-Donetsk
Izvaryne-Donetsk is a land border crossing between Ukraine and Russia, on autoroute  E40 (Ukraine  M 04) in the Donbas region.

On the Ukrainian side, it is in the town of Izvaryne in Krasnodon city municipality, within Luhansk Oblast. On the Russian side it is in the city of Donetsk within Rostov Oblast.

Highway M04 (Ukraine)
Highway M04 was a Ukrainian international highway connecting Znamianka to Sorokyne on the border with Russia, where it continued into Russia as the A260.

During the Soviet Union, the M04 was part of the M21. The highway stretched through four oblasts and ended at the Izvaryne-Donetsk border checkpoint. The section from Znamianka to Debaltseve was part of European route E50, and the section from Debaltseve to the Russian border was part of European route E40. On 28 April, 2021, the M04 was decommissioned and merged with the M12 to form the new M30.
Konstantine Bagration of Mukhrani (1889–1915)
Prince Konstantine Bagration of Mukhrani (Georgian: კონსტანტინე ბაგრატიონ-მუხრანელი) (14 March 1889 – 1 June 1915) was a Georgian nobleman from the House of Mukhrani. A member of the Russian Imperial Guard, Konstantine fought with distinction and died in World War I - actions for which he posthumously received the Order of St. George, the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire. Konstantine was in a brief but controversial marriage with Princess Tatiana Constantinovna of Russia, a member of the Russian Imperial Family.

Princess Tatiana Constantinovna of Russia
Princess Tatiana Constantinovna of Russia (Russian: Княжна Татьяна Константиовна; 23 January [O.S. 11 January] 1890 – 28 August 1979) was the third child and eldest daughter of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia and his wife, Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg.

Princess Tatiana Constantinovna had six brothers and two sisters.
Α-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone
α-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (also known as α-PVT) is a synthetic stimulant of the cathinone and thiopropamine (thiophenylpropylamine) families that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is an analogue of α-PVP where the phenyl ring has been replaced by thiophene.

α-PVT was first identified in Japan in 2013. Its metabolism has been described in literature.

It produces stimulating effects in humans, according to the individuals who have tried it. Most of the individuals who have tried it prefer α-PVP and α-PPP to it.

Α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone
α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP), also known as α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone , O-2387, β-keto-prolintane, prolintanone, or desmethylpyrovalerone, or colloquially as flakka or gravel, is a synthetic stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s that has been sold as a designer drug and often consumed for recreational reasons. α-PVP is chemically related to pyrovalerone and is the ketone analog of prolintane.
Port Washington Branch
The Port Washington Branch is an electrified, mostly double-tracked rail line and service owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U.S. state of New York. It branches north from the Main Line at the former Winfield Junction station, just east of the Woodside station in the New York City borough of Queens, and runs roughly parallel to Northern Boulevard past Mets-Willets Point (Citi Field), Flushing, Murray Hill, Broadway, Auburndale, Bayside, Douglaston, Little Neck, and then crosses into Nassau County for stops in Great Neck, Manhasset, and Plandome before terminating at Port Washington.

The Port Washington Branch is the only LIRR branch to not serve Jamaica – a major LIRR transportation hub – as it branches off the Main Line at Winfield Junction, several miles northwest of Jamaica. Thus, passengers seeking to switch to other LIRR services without going into Manhattan must instead transfer at Woodside station.

Winfield Junction station
Winfield Junction is a junction between the Main Line and Port Washington Branch of the Long Island Rail Road in the Woodside section of Queens in New York City. Between 1854 and 1929, the Winfield Junction station stood on this site.
US Yachts US 42
The US Yachts US 42 is an American sailboat that was designed by Stan Huntingford as a cruiser and first built in 1982.

The boat is a development of the Cooper 416, using the same molds, which were purchased by Bayliner from Cooper Yachts.

Cooper 416
The Cooper 416 is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Stan Huntingford as a cruiser and first built in 1978.

The design was developed into the US Yachts US 42 in 1982 when the moulds were sold to Bayliner.
Dwarf crocodile
The dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis), also known as the African dwarf crocodile, West African dwarf crocodile, broad-snouted crocodile (a name more often used for the Asian mugger crocodile) or bony crocodile, is an African osteolaemine crocodile that is also the smallest extant living species of crocodile.

Osteolaeminae
Osteolaeminae (from Ancient Greek όστεον (ósteon), meaning "bone", and λαιμός (laimós), meaning "throat") is a subfamily of true crocodiles within the family Crocodylidae containing the dwarf crocodiles and slender-snouted crocodiles, and is the sister taxon to Crocodylinae.
Classic BattleTech
Classic BattleTech is a table-top wargame set in the fictional BattleTech universe that simulates combat between futuristic mechanized forces.  Originally published by FASA Corporation, the game is now produced by Catalyst Game Labs under license from WizKids.  The term "Classic" is used to differentiate the original game from variants and related games that have derived from it, such as MechWarrior: Dark Age. The game has an extensive range of 1/285 scale miniatures.

BattleTech
BattleTech is a wargaming and military science fiction franchise launched by FASA Corporation in 1984, acquired by WizKids in 2001, which was in turn acquired by Topps in 2003; and published since 2007 by Catalyst Game Labs. The trademark is currently owned by Topps and, for video games, Microsoft Gaming; Catalyst Game Studios licenses the franchise from Topps.

The series began with FASA's debut of the board game BattleTech (originally named Battledroids) by Jordan Weisman and L. Ross Babcock III and has since grown to include numerous expansions to the original game, several board games, role playing games, video games, a collectible card game, a series of more than 100 novels, and an animated television series.
Gniew
Gniew ([ɡɲɛf]; German: Mewe) is a historic town situated on the left bank of the Vistula River, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It has 6,870 inhabitants (2016).

It is one of the oldest towns in Eastern Pomerania, and is renowned for its medieval Brick Gothic Castle, which has become one of the region's most recognizable monuments. The town also has other medieval Gothic monuments, and in early modern times it was a centre for the wine trade and the seat of local starosts, most notably John III Sobieski, who was elected King of Poland. Gniew is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gniew Castle
Gniew Castle is a restored castle in Gniew, in northern Poland. The original building, which served as a defensive structure for the Teutonic Order on the Vistula river, dates back to the late 13th or 14th century.
British Society for the History of Medicine
The British Society for the History of Medicine (BSHM) is an umbrella organisation of History of medicine societies throughout the United Kingdom, with particular representation to the International Society for the History of Medicine. It has grown from the original four affiliated societies in 1965; the Section for the History of Medicine, The Royal Society of Medicine, London, Osler Club of London, Faculty of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy and the Scottish Society of the History of Medicine, to twenty affiliated societies in 2018.

The society holds its congress biennially in centres around the UK, with the eponymous Poynter Lecture, named after librarian and medical historian F. N. L. Poynter, being held on alternate years in London.

Scottish Society of the History of Medicine
The Scottish Society of the History of Medicine (SSHM) was founded in 1948. Its aims are "to promote, encourage and support the study of the history of medicine", with a particular interest in Scottish Medicine. Founded at a time when the study of history of medicine was dominated by medical doctors, the society aimed, from the start, to have a broad based membership, to interest others in the subject. Historians, librarians, scientists, pharmacists and others have all played an active role in its activities, and representatives from these professions have become presidents.
Neman culture
The archaeological Neman culture (German: Memel-Kultur) existed from about 5100 to the 3rd millennium BC, starting in the Mesolithic and continued into the middle Neolithic. It was located in the upper basin of the Neman River (present-day northern Poland, southern Lithuania, western Belarus and Kaliningrad Oblast). In the north, the Neman culture bordered the Kunda culture during the Mesolithic and the Narva culture during the Neolithic.

Narva culture
The Narva culture or eastern Baltic was a European Neolithic archaeological culture in present-day Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Kaliningrad Oblast (former East Prussia), and adjacent portions of Poland, Belarus and Russia. A successor of the Mesolithic Kunda culture, the Narva culture continued up to the start of the Bronze Age. The culture spanned from c. 5300 to 1750 BC. The technology was that of hunter-gatherers. The culture was named after the Narva River in Estonia.
Eagle of Delight
Hayne Hudjihini or Eagle of Delight (c. 1795 – 1822) was a prominent Otoe woman from what is now Nebraska.

The daughter of a chief, Hayne Hudjihini belonged to the Eagle clan. She became one of the five wives of Chief Sų Manyi Kathi, or Shaumonekusse (Otoe, ca. 1785–1837), who belonged to the Bear clan.

Shaumonekusse
Chief Shaumonekusse (c. 1785 – 1837) was a leader of the Otoe Native American tribe in the early 19th century. The Otoe are a Central Plains tribe, closely related to the Ioway, Missouria, Ho-Chunk, and Winnebago.
Sportclub Enschede
Sportclub Enschede is a football club from Enschede, Netherlands. SC Enschede was established in 1910. The club won the national championship in 1926. In 1965 SC Enschede merged with their rivals Enschedese Boys to form FC Twente (both clubs continued as non-league clubs). Currently Sportclub plays in the Vierde Klasse (9th tier in Dutch football).

Enschedese Boys
Enschedese Boys is an amateur football club from the Dutch city Enschede. In 1965 the professional team of De Boys merged with their rivals Sportclub Enschede to FC Twente (both clubs continued in non-league football). Currently Enschedese Boys plays in the Vierde Klasse (8th tier in Dutch football).
Inter-rater reliability
In statistics, inter-rater reliability (also called by various similar names, such as inter-rater agreement, inter-rater concordance, inter-observer reliability, inter-coder reliability, and so on) is the degree of agreement among independent observers who rate, code, or assess the same phenomenon.

Assessment tools that rely on ratings must exhibit good inter-rater reliability, otherwise they are not valid tests.

There are a number of statistics that can be used to determine inter-rater reliability. Different statistics are appropriate for different types of measurement. Some options are joint-probability of agreement, such as Cohen's kappa, Scott's pi and Fleiss' kappa; or inter-rater correlation, concordance correlation coefficient, intra-class correlation, and Krippendorff's alpha.

Intraclass correlation
In statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), is a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups.  It describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other.  While it is viewed as a type of correlation, unlike most other correlation measures, it operates on data structured as groups rather than data structured as paired observations.

The intraclass correlation is commonly used to quantify the degree to which individuals with a fixed degree of relatedness (e.g. full siblings) resemble each other in terms of a quantitative trait (see heritability).  Another prominent application is the assessment of consistency or reproducibility of quantitative measurements made by different observers measuring the same quantity.
Ghost ship
A ghost ship, also known as a phantom ship, is a vessel with no living crew aboard; it may be a fictional ghostly vessel, such as the Flying Dutchman, or a physical derelict found adrift with its crew missing or dead, like the Mary Celeste. The term is sometimes used for ships that have been decommissioned but not yet scrapped, as well as drifting boats that have been found after breaking loose of their ropes and being carried away by the wind or the waves.

Typically, derelict ghost ships did not remain adrift for very long, though there have been ghost ships that have been reported to remain adrift for many years, and their fates have remained unknown, such as SS Baychimo and Governor Parr.

More recently, ships which travel with their mandated automatic identification system (AIS) turned off to avoid detection and monitoring have also been referred to as ghost ships.

SS Baychimo
SS Baychimo was a steel-hulled 1,322 ton cargo steamer built in 1914 in Sweden and owned by the Hudson's Bay Company, used to trade provisions for pelts in Inuit settlements along the Victoria Island coast of the Northwest Territories of Canada. She became a notable ghost ship along the Alaska coast, being abandoned in 1931 and seen numerous times since then until her last sighting in 1969.
Electoral district of Sydney-Cook
Sydney-Cook was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1894 in inner Sydney from part of the electoral district of South Sydney and named after James Cook.

Electoral district of South Sydney
South Sydney was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1880 to 1894, covering the southern part of the current Sydney central business district, Haymarket, Surry Hills, Moore Park and Chippendale, bordered by George Street, Broadway, City Road, Cleveland Street, South Dowling Street, Dacey Avenue, the western edge of Centennial Park, Moore Park Road, South Dowling Street, Oxford Street and Liverpool Street. It elected four members simultaneously, with voters casting four votes and the first four candidates being elected. For the 1894 election, it was replaced by the single-member electorates of Sydney-Phillip, Sydney-Belmore, Sydney-Flinders and Sydney-Cook.

Elections for the district were held in the general elections of 1880, 1882, 1885, 1887, 1889, and 1891. There was also a by-election in 1887 as a result of Bernhard Wise accepting the office of Attorney-General in the fourth Parkes government.
Rao Ramesh
Rao Ramesh  (born 25 May 1968) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television apart from some Tamil films. He is the son of veteran actor Rao Gopal Rao. Rao Ramesh initially appeared in Seema Simham (2002), Okkadunnadu (2007), before getting a breakthrough role in Krish's Gamyam (2008), portraying a reformed Naxalite, he received critical acclaim for his portrayal and the film went on to become one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the year.

His subsequent films, Kotha Bangaru Lokam (2008), Avakai Biryani (2008) and S. S. Rajamouli's Magadheera (2009) were box office hits, and his role in the latter as a hunchbacked old Tantric won him further acclaim. Throughout the early 2010s, Rao Ramesh became a popular supporting actor and described that by 2015, he was in the "best phase of his career".

Rao Gopal Rao
Rao Gopal Rao (14 January 1937 – 13 August 1994) was an Indian actor and producer known for his works in Telugu cinema and Telugu theatre. In a film career spanning more than 25 years, Rao starred in over 400 feature films in a variety of characters. He was known for his gruesome portrayals of antagonist roles with a touch of humor. He was presented with Kala Prapoorna in 1990 by Andhra University and was honored with "Natavirat" and "Chittoor Nagayya Award" in 1987.

Rao was known for his villainous roles in works such as Mutyala Muggu (1975), Bhakta Kannappa (1976), Gorantha Deepam (1978), Manavoori Pandavulu (1978), Kaliyuga Ravanasurudu (1980), Tyagayya (1981), Ooruki Monagadu (1981), Gudachari No.1 (1983), Abhilasha (1983), Khaidi (1983), Challenge (1984), Jaakii (1985), Bullet (1985), Athaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogudu (1989), Lorry Driver (1990), Kondaveeti Donga (1990), and Gang Leader (1991).
Reduction criterion
In quantum information theory, the reduction criterion is a necessary condition a mixed state must satisfy in order for it to be separable. In other words, the reduction criterion is a separability criterion. It was first proved 
and independently formulated in 1999. Violation of the reduction criterion is closely related to the distillability of the state in question.

Separable state
In quantum mechanics, separable states are multipartite quantum states that can be written as a convex combination of product states. Product states are multipartite quantum states that can be written as a tensor product of states in each space. The physical intuition behind these definitions is that product states have no correlation between the different degrees of freedom, while separable states might have correlations, but all such correlations can be explained as due to a classical random variable, as opposed to being due to entanglement.

In the special case of pure states the definition simplifies: a pure state is separable if and only if it is a product state.

A state is said to be entangled if it is not separable. In general, determining if a state is separable is not straightforward and the problem is classed as NP-hard.
Davey Graham
David Michael Gordon "Davey" Graham (originally spelled Davy Graham) (26 November 1940 – 15 December 2008) was a British guitarist and one of the most influential figures in the 1960s British folk revival. He inspired many famous practitioners of the fingerstyle acoustic guitar such as Bert Jansch, Wizz Jones, John Renbourn, Martin Carthy, John Martyn, Paul Simon and Jimmy Page, who based his solo "White Summer" on Graham's "She Moved Through the Fair". Graham is probably best known for his acoustic instrumental "Anji" and for popularizing DADGAD tuning, later widely adopted by acoustic guitarists.

John Renbourn
John Renbourn (8 August 1944 – 26 March 2015) was an English guitarist and songwriter. He was best known for his collaboration with guitarist Bert Jansch as well as his work with the folk group Pentangle, although he maintained a solo career before, during and after that band's existence (1967–1973). Several albums were credited to the John Renbourn Group.  He worked later in a duo with Stefan Grossman.

While most commonly labelled a folk musician, Renbourn's musical tastes and interests took in early music, classical music, jazz, blues and world music. His most influential album, Sir John Alot (1968), featured his take on tunes from the medieval period.