hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaia philosophy
Gaia philosophy (named after Gaia, the Greek goddess of the Earth) is a broadly inclusive term for relating concepts about humanity as an effect of the life of this planet.

The Gaia hypothesis holds that all organisms on a life-giving planet regulate the biosphere in such a way as to promote its habitability. Gaia concepts draw a connection between the survivability of a species (hence its evolutionary course) and its usefulness to the survival of other species. While there were a number of precursors to the Gaia hypothesis, the first scientific form of this idea was proposed as the Gaia hypothesis by James Lovelock, a UK chemist, in 1970. The Gaia hypothesis deals with the concept of biological homeostasis, and claims the resident life forms of a host planet, coupled with their environment have acted and act like a single, self-regulating system. This system includes the near-surface rocks, the soil, and the atmosphere. These theories are, however, significant in green politics.

Gaia
In Greek mythology, Gaia (/ˈɡeɪ.ə, ˈɡaɪ.ə/; Ancient Greek: Γαῖα, romanized: Gaîa, a poetic form of Γῆ (Gê), meaning 'land' or 'earth'), also spelled Gaea (/ˈdʒiː.ə/), is the personification of Earth. She is the mother of Uranus (Sky), with whom she conceived the Titans (themselves parents of many of the Olympian gods), the Cyclopes, and the Giants, as well as of Pontus (Sea), from whose union she bore the primordial sea gods. Her equivalent in the Roman pantheon was Terra.
Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo
Joanna of Durazzo (1344 – 20 July 1387) was the eldest daughter and eldest surviving child of Charles, Duke of Durazzo, and his wife, Maria of Calabria. She succeeded as duchess on the death of her father in 1348 when she was only a child of four years old. Joanna was a member of the House of Anjou-Durazzo.

She reigned as Duchess of Durazzo from 1348-1368. She married twice; firstly to Louis of Navarre and then to Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu.

Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu
Robert IV of Artois (1356 – 20 July 1387), son of John of Artois, Count of Eu and Isabeau of Melun, was Count of Eu from April to July 1387 and Duke of Durazzo from 1376 to 1383.

About 1376, he married Joanna of Durazzo, daughter of Charles, Duke of Durazzo. Robert became the Duke of Durazzo through the right of his wife until 1383 when Karl Thopia took over Durrës. Robert inherited the County of Eu upon his father's death on 6 April 1387, along with Saint-Valery and Ault. However, as he was in Naples at the time, he never learned of his father's death nor did he rule his lands. On 20 July 1387, he and his wife were poisoned on the orders of Joanna's own sister Margaret, Queen Regent of Naples, while they were staying at Castel dell'Ovo. Robert and Joanna were buried in the church of San Lorenzo Maggiore in Naples.

The marriage of Robert and Joanna was childless. Robert was succeeded in his titles by his younger brother, Philip.
Polina Bogusevich
Polina Sergeyevna Bogusevich (Russian: Полина Сергеевна Богусевич; born 4 July 2003), also known as Nanamé, is a Russian singer. She represented Russia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "Wings", and went on to win the competition. She is the second Russian entrant to win the Junior Eurovision Song Contest.

She previously competed in season onе of The Voice Kids Russia, where she progressed to the battle rounds.

The Voice Kids (Russian TV series) season 1
The first season of the Russian reality talent show The Voice Kids premiered on February 28, 2014 on Channel One. Dima Bilan, Pelageya, and Maxim Fadeev became the first coaches. Dmitry Nagiev and Natalia Vodianova became the show's presenter.

Alisa Kozhikina was announced the winner on April 25, 2014, marking Maxim Fadeev's first win as a coach.
Pennsylvania Route 29
Pennsylvania Route 29 (PA 29) is a 118-mile-long (190 km) north–south state highway that runs through most of eastern Pennsylvania.

The route currently has a southern and northern segment. The southern segment runs from U.S. Route 30 (US 30) near Malvern north to Interstate 78 (I-78)/PA 309 near Allentown. The northern segment runs from I-81 in Ashley north to the New York state line near Brookdale, Pennsylvania, where the road becomes New York State Route 7 (NY 7). The southernmost 5 miles (8.0 km) of PA 29's northern segment is a freeway known as the South Cross Valley Expressway. The route was continuous until May 9, 1966, when PA 29 was split into the two segments that exist today.

New York State Route 7
New York State Route 7 (NY 7) is a 180.30-mile-long (290.16 km) state highway in New York in the United States. The highway runs from the Pennsylvania state line south of Binghamton in Broome County, New York,  to the Vermont state line east of Hoosick in Rensselaer County, where it continues as Vermont Route 9 (VT 9). Most of the road runs along the Susquehanna Valley, closely paralleling Interstate 88 (I-88) throughout that road's length. Portions of the highway route near the cities of Binghamton, Schenectady, and Troy date back to the early 19th century.
Bibliography of the history of Lyon
This is a bibliography of the history of Lyon. The history of Lyon has been deeply studied by many historians who published hundreds of books on architecture, arts, religion, etc., in Lyon throughout centuries.

All the books listed here are in French-language.

History of Lyon
Lyon is a city in the southeast of France. The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times and was one of the most important cities of the Roman Empire, Lugdunum. After the Battle of Lugdunum (197) the city never fully recovered, and Lyon was built out of its ashes becoming a part of the Kingdom of the Burgundians.
Liam Donaldson
Sir Liam Joseph Donaldson (born 3 May 1949) is a British physician. He was formerly the Chief Medical Officer for England, being the 15th occupant of the post since it was established in 1855. As such, he was principal advisor to the United Kingdom Government on health matters and one of the most senior officials in the National Health Service (NHS).

In December 2009 it was announced that he planned to retire from this role in May 2010, although he said that, if the influenza pandemic should unexpectedly worsen, he would have postponed his retirement. On 1 July 2010 he was appointed the Chairman of the Independent Monitoring Board overseeing the polio eradication initiative coordinated by the World Health Organization.

In the 2002 New Year Honours List he was awarded a knighthood in recognition of his achievements in health and health care. Between 2009 and 2019 he served two terms as Chancellor of Newcastle University.

2002 New Year Honours
New Years' Honours are announced on or around the date of the New Year in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.

This page lists those awards announced in the 2002 New Year's honours lists for the United Kingdom, Barbados, The Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Rikon railway station
Rikon railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich. The station is situated in the village of Rikon im Tösstal within the municipality of Zell (Töss Valley). It is located on the Töss Valley railway line (Tösstalbahn) between Winterthur and Rüti ZH, within fare zone 170 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

Tösstal railway line
The Tösstal railway line (Töss Valley Railway, German: Tösstalbahn or TTB) is a railway in the Swiss canton of Zurich, which serves the communities of the upper Töss Valley and the upper Jona Valley. Passenger service on the line now forms part of the Zurich S-Bahn, branded as the S26, and the standard Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV) zonal fare tariffs apply to the line. It is one of the network's less-heavily traveled lines, and most of the route is single-tracked.
Domitian II
Domitian II (Latin: Domitianus) was a Roman soldier of the mid 3rd century who was acclaimed emperor, probably in northern Gaul in late 270 or early 271, and struck coins to advertise his elevation. It is now generally assumed that this man is to be equated with the Domitianus who is twice mentioned in the literary sources as a significant figure in the politics of the age, but on neither occasion as an outright contender for the Imperial throne.

Given that his reign lasted for, at best, only a few weeks after his acclamation and he does not seem to have secured significant military or political support, Domitianus is more properly categorized as a Roman usurper rather than an emperor. His attempted coup should also be understood in the context of the troubled later history of the Gallic Empire rather than that of the Empire as a whole.

Gallic Empire
Gallic Empire or Gallo-Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway Western European part of the Roman Empire that functioned de facto as a separate state from 260 to 274. It originated during the Crisis of the Third Century, when a series of Roman military leaders and aristocrats declared themselves emperors and took control of Gaul and adjacent provinces without attempting to conquer Italy or otherwise seize the central Roman administrative apparatus.

The Gallic Empire was established by Postumus in 260 in the wake of barbarian invasions and instability in Rome, and at its height it included the territories of Germania, Gaul, Britannia, and Hispania. After Postumus' assassination in 269 it lost much of its territory but continued under several emperors and usurpers. It was retaken by Roman Emperor Aurelian after the Battle of Châlons in 274.
Municipal Waste (band)
Municipal Waste is an American crossover thrash band from Richmond, Virginia, formed in 2000. To date, the band has released seven studio albums, three EPs and four splits. They have gone through a few lineup changes, leaving vocalist Tony Foresta and rhythm guitarist Ryan Waste as the only constant members. In addition to Foresta and Waste, their current lineup includes Philip "Land Phil" Hall on bass, Dave Witte on drums and Nick "Nikropolis" Poulos on lead guitar.

They have been called "an integral force in the second wave of the American crossover/thrash metal scene".

Crossover thrash
Crossover thrash (often abbreviated to crossover) is a fusion genre of thrash metal and hardcore punk. The genre emerged in the mid-1980s, when hardcore punk bands, such as Suicidal Tendencies, Cryptic Slaughter, Corrosion of Conformity and Dirty Rotten Imbeciles, began to incorporate the influence of thrash metal. At this time, the genre was particularly prominent in the New York hardcore scene, where groups including Agnostic Front, Leeway, Cro-Mags and Stormtroopers of Death were widely influential.

The genre largely declined in popularity by the 1990s; however, its influence developed the prominent metalcore genre. Since the 2000s, crossover thrash has experienced a number of underground revivals, which have produced notable acts including Municipal Waste, Trash Talk, Power Trip, and Drain.
Musa al-Husayni
Musa Kazim Pasha al-Husayni (Arabic: موسى كاظم باشا الحسيني, Musa Kazem al-Ḥussaynī; 1853 – 27 March 1934) was a Palestinian politician and statesman. He belonged to the prominent al-Husayni family and was mayor of Jerusalem (1918–1920). He was dismissed as mayor by the British authorities and became head of the nationalist Executive Committee of the Palestine Arab Congress from 1922 until 1934. His death was believed to have been caused by injuries received during an anti-British demonstration.

Raghib al-Nashashibi
Raghib al-Nashashibi (Arabic: راغب النشاشيبي, Ragheb al-Nashashibī) (1881–1951), CBE (hon), was a Palestinian public figure and wealthy landowner during the Ottoman Empire, the British Mandate and the Jordanian administration. A member of the Nashashibi clan, he was one of the most influential families in Palestine and served as mayor of Jerusalem from 1920 to 1935.
Vil·la Joana
Viŀla Joana is a masia located in Vallvidrera (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi district, Barcelona) in the middle of Collserola Natural Park. It is a two storey building with a watchtower and lateral galleries. One of its most distinctive elements is the clock on the main façade.

Today, Viŀla Joana houses one of the branches of the Barcelona City History Museum (MUHBA), which updated the collection on display here in 2016. The museum deals with the history of the site, literature, and the Catalan poet Jacint Verdaguer, who died here in 1902.

Jacint Verdaguer
Jacint Verdaguer i Santaló (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒəˈsim bəɾðəˈɣej səntəl'o]; 17 May 1845 – 10 June 1902) was a Catalan writer, regarded as one of the greatest poets of Catalan literature and a prominent literary figure of the Renaixença, a cultural revival movement of the late Romantic era.  The bishop Josep Torras i Bages, one of the main figures of Catalan nationalism, called him the "Prince of Catalan poets". He was also known as mossèn (Father) Cinto Verdaguer, because of his career as a priest, and informally also simply "mossèn Cinto" (with Cinto being a short form of Jacint).
Cynthia Fisher
Cynthia Fisher (born January 16, 1961) is an American businesswoman and public policy advocate. She was a pioneer in the stem cell industry, founding the cord blood stem cell banking company, ViaCord, Inc., in 1993. She serves as a director of The Boston Beer Company, which was founded by her husband, Jim Koch. She is also active in public advocacy relating to price transparency in healthcare.

Jim Koch
Charles James Koch (/kʊk/ KUUK; born May 27, 1949) is an American businessman who is the co-founder and chairman of the Boston Beer Company, the producers of Samuel Adams beer. Koch is widely considered to be a founding father of the American craft brewing movement.
Johnny Jordaanplein
The Johnny Jordaanplein, also known as Johnny Jordaan Square is a public square in the center of the Dutch city of Amsterdam which features outdoor sculptures. The square was named for musician Johnny Jordaan and it was dedicated in 1991.

Johnny Jordaan
Johnny Jordaan was the pseudonym for Johannes Hendricus van Musscher (7 February 1924 – 8 January 1989), a Dutch singer of popular music, in particular the genre known as levenslied, a Dutch variety of the French chanson. He was well known for his songs about the city of Amsterdam, especially the Jordaan district (the genre dedicated to the neighborhood is known as the Jordaanlied), which he sang in a typical "hiccuping Mokum vibrato", "Mokum" being the Hebrew-derived nickname for the Amsterdam inner city area. In the 1950s, Johnny Jordaan rose almost instantly to the level of national celebrity and became the "uncrowned king of the Jordaanlied", and his hit song "Geef mij maar Amsterdam" is one of the songs Amsterdammers identify with most.
Heysen Trail
The Heysen Trail is a long distance walking trail in South Australia. It runs from Parachilna Gorge, in the Flinders Ranges via the Adelaide Hills to Cape Jervis on the Fleurieu Peninsula and is approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) in length.

Parachilna Gorge
The Parachilna Gorge is a gorge on the western side of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia. It is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 miles) east of the town of Parachilna. Parachilna Creek flows through the gorge. Parachilna Gorge Road runs from Parachilna on the plains up through the gorge to Blinman. Angorichina Village is near the road at the eastern end of the gorge.

Parachilna Gorge is the northern trailhead of the Heysen Trail, a walking trail which extends for about 1,200 kilometres (750 miles)  to the southern trailhead at the tip of Fleurieu Peninsula.
Padang Besar, Malaysia
Padang Besar (Kedah Malay: Padang Besaq), often abbreviated as Padang or P.B., is a border town located in the northern part of the state of Perlis in Malaysia as well as the northernmost major town in Malaysia. It is situated on the border with Songkhla province, Thailand, 35 kilometers northeast of Kangar and about 57 km southwest of Hat Yai. The town opposite Padang Besar in Thailand is also known as Padang Besar, although the locals here usually refer to the town as "Pekan Siam" or Siamese town.
The town is a "shopping heaven" and popular destination for Malaysians because of the duty-free shopping complex between the border checkpoints of the two countries. The town attracts several thousand visitors from Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand every weekend and during public holidays.

Padang Besar, Thailand
Padang Besa or Padang Besar (Thai: ปาดังเบซาร์) is a border town on the Malaysia-Thailand border in the Sadao District, Songkhla Province, Thailand. Since 2004 the municipality has had town status (thesaban mueang) and covers parts of the sub-district (tambon) Padang Besa. In 2007 it had a population of 13,748.
Konken
Konken is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan, whose seat is in Kusel.

Selchenbach
Selchenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan, whose seat is in Kusel.
The Hunter's Blades Trilogy
The Hunter's Blades Trilogy is a fantasy trilogy by American writer  R.A. Salvatore. It follows the Paths of Darkness series and is composed of three books: The Thousand Orcs, The Lone Drow, and The Two Swords. The Two Swords was Salvatore's 17th work concerning one of his most famous characters, Drizzt Do'Urden. In this series, Drizzt tries to stop an orc king from spreading chaos and war. The series reached the New York Times bestseller list and is followed by the installments of the Transitions series.

The Thousand Orcs
The Thousand Orcs is a fantasy novel by American writer R. A. Salvatore, the first book in his series The Hunter's Blades Trilogy. In it, Drizzt Do'Urden is separated from his friends while orcs, giants, and a few drow are determined to destroy everything in their path.
Gellert Odes and Songs
Geistliche Oden und Lieder ("Sacred Odes and Songs", H. 686, Wq 194), also known as Gellert Oden ("Gellert Odes"), is a collection of songs by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach with texts by Christian Fürchtegott Gellert. Originally published in 1758, Bach's work enjoyed continuous popularity for several decades and influenced numerous composers, most importantly Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed his own settings of six of Gellert's poems.

Die Himmel rühmen des Ewigen Ehre
"Die Himmel rühmen des Ewigen Ehre" (The heavens praise the glory of the Eternal), Op. 48/4, is a composition for voice and piano by Ludwig van Beethoven, setting the beginning of Christian Fürchtegott Gellert's poem "Die Ehre Gottes aus der Natur" (The glory of God from nature), a paraphrase of Psalm 19. Beethoven composed it as part of a collection of lieder on texts by Gellert, which was published in 1803, known as Gellert Lieder. "Die Himmel rühmen des Ewigen Ehre" became famous in arrangements for choir, "Die Himmel rühmen!" by Joseph Dantonello and "The Heavens are Telling" by Virgil Thomson.
The Gold Experience
The Gold Experience is the seventeenth studio album by American singer, songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist Prince. It was credited to his stage name at the time, an unpronounceable symbol (shown on the album cover), also known as the "Love Symbol".

The album was produced entirely by Prince and released on September 26, 1995, by NPG Records and Warner Bros. Records. The album charted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 and number 2 on the Top R&B Albums. The singles "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World", "I Hate U", and "Gold" charted on the Billboard Hot 100 at numbers 3, 12, and 88 respectively.

On June 18, 2022, The Gold Experience was reissued for Record Store Day 2022. The reissue on vinyl is a replica of the original translucent gold expanded, limited promo album from 1995. The day prior, the album's CD version was rereleased. This marked the first time the complete album had been reissued following the legal battle over "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World".

I Hate U (Prince song)
"I Hate U" (also spelled "👁 Hate U" or "Eye Hate U" to reflect the pictograph in the published title) is a song by American musician Prince, released on September 12, 1995 by NPG and Warner Bros. Records, as the lead single from his seventeenth studio album, The Gold Experience (1995). It was also Prince's last original single to reach the US Top 40, peaking at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. In the UK, it peaked at number 20. A music video was produced to promote the single, but never officially released until it was made available after Prince's death, on the official Prince YouTube channel in 2018.
The Steadfast Tin Soldier
"The Steadfast Tin Soldier" (Danish: Den standhaftige tinsoldat) is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen about a tin soldier's love for a paper ballerina. The tale was first published in Copenhagen by C.A. Reitzel on 2 October 1838 in the first booklet of Fairy Tales Told for Children. First Collection. The booklet consists of Andersen's "The Daisy" and "The Wild Swans". The tale was Andersen's first not based upon a folk tale or a literary model.  "The Steadfast Tin Soldier" has been adapted to various media including ballet and animated film.

Tin soldier
Tin soldiers are miniature toy soldiers that are very popular in the world of collecting. They can be bought finished or in a raw state to be hand-painted. They are generally made of pewter, tin, lead, other metals or plastic. Often very elaborate scale models of battle scenes, known as dioramas, are created for their display.
Tin soldiers were originally almost two-dimensional figures, often called "little Eilerts" or "flats". They were the first toy soldiers to be mass-produced. Though largely superseded in popularity from the late 19th century by fully rounded three-dimensional lead figures, these flat tin soldiers continue to be produced.
JP Dellacamera
John Paul "JP" Dellacamera (born January 11, 1952) is an American play-by-play sportscaster primarily for Major League Soccer with the Philadelphia Union, as well as major soccer tournaments and ice hockey.

Philadelphia Union
The Philadelphia Union are an American professional soccer club based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. Founded on February 28, 2008, the Union began playing in 2010 as an expansion team. The club's home stadium is Subaru Park, a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester, Pennsylvania, on the banks of the Delaware River.

The Union are currently owned by Keystone Sports & Entertainment, with Jay Sugarman serving as majority owner and chairman of the club. Professional basketball player Kevin Durant serves as a minority owner. The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014, 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments and the 2022 MLS Cup final. In 2025, Philadelphia secured the Supporters' Shield with their regular season performance, the second in the club's history.
Francop Affair
The Francop Affair was a high seas incident on November 4, 2009 in which the Israeli Navy seized the cargo ship MV Francop in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and its cargo of hundreds of tons of weapons allegedly bound from Iran to Hezbollah. The incident is also known by its military operation name, Operation Four Species.

Karine A affair
The Karine A affair, also known as Operation "Noah's Ark" (Hebrew: מבצע תיבת נוח, romanized: Mivtza Teyvat Noah), was an Israeli military action in January 2002 in which the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) forces seized MV Karine A, which was a Palestinian freighter in the Red Sea. The vessel was reported by the IDF to be carrying 50 tons of weapons, including short-range Katyusha rockets, antitank missiles, and high explosives.