hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alan Butler
Christianity portal

Alan John Butler, a Director of the Kuruman Moffat Mission in Kuruman, South Africa, and Canon of Kimberley Cathedral, was a priest who served in the Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman for a major part of the second half of the twentieth century. He was responsible for the restoration of the historic Moffat Mission precinct which became renowned as a conservation area and as a beacon of hope in the troubled last years of Apartheid. He was born in the United Kingdom in 1930 and died at Wimborne on 13 January 2011. He continued the missionary work at Kuruman that was conducted by Reverend Robert Moffat for more than fifty years.

Kuruman Moffat Mission
The Kuruman Moffat Mission at Seodin outside Kuruman, South Africa, traces its establishment, by the London Missionary Society, to 1816, although the first settlement was not where the mission now stands but at ‘New Lattakoo’. The move to the present site at Seodin was made in 1824.  Missionaries William Edwards and Robert Hamilton founded the mission but it was Robert Moffat, who joined them in 1820, whose name became synonymous with the Kuruman Mission. He with his wife Mary Moffat remained there until 1870.  Having learnt Setswana, Moffat produced a complete translation of the Bible by 1857, in which year it was printed on the mission press at Kuruman - the first time that the Bible had been printed in its entirety anywhere in Africa, and the first time in a previously unwritten African language.
Southwest Chief
The Southwest Chief (formerly the Southwest Limited and Super Chief) is a long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak on a 2,265-mile (3,645 km) route between Chicago and Los Angeles through the Midwest and Southwest via Kansas City, Albuquerque, and Flagstaff mostly on the BNSF's Southern Transcon, but branches off between Albuquerque and Kansas City via the Topeka, La Junta, Raton, and Glorieta Subdivision. Amtrak bills the route as one of its most scenic, with views of the Painted Desert and the Red Cliffs of Sedona, as well as the plains of Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado.

During fiscal year 2024, the Southwest Chief carried 261,485 passengers, a 3% increase from FY2023. However, this is a 22.7% decrease from its pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership of 338,180 passengers in FY2019. The route grossed US$43,184,176 in revenue during FY 2016, a 3.8% decrease from FY 2017.

Raton Pass
Ratón Pass is a 7,834 ft (2,388 m) elevation mountain pass on the Colorado–New Mexico border in the western United States.  It is located on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico, approximately 180 miles (290 km) northeast of Santa Fe. Ratón is Spanish for "mouse".  The pass crosses the line of volcanic mesas that extends east from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the state line, and furnishes the most direct land route between the valley of the Arkansas River to the north and the upper valley of the Canadian River, leading toward Santa Fe, to the south.  The pass now carries Interstate 25 and railroad tracks.

The pass is a historically significant landmark on the Santa Fe Trail, a major 19th-century settlement route between Kansas City, Missouri and Santa Fe.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960 for this association.
Fairmont The Palm
Fairmont The Palm is a five-star hotel located on the trunk of Palm Jumeirah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The hotel is located on world’s largest man-made island shaped in the form of a palm tree. Fairmont The Palm, has views of the Persian Gulf and provide access to the Dubai Marina and business hubs such as Dubai Media City, Dubai Internet City and Dubai Knowledge Village. The hotel has 381 rooms and suites, including two presidential suites and a Fairmont Gold Lounge.

Palm Jumeirah
The Palm Jumeirah (Arabic: نخلة جميرا) is an archipelago of artificial islands on the Persian Gulf in Jumeirah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is part of a larger series of developments called the Palm Islands, including Palm Jebel Ali and the Dubai Islands, which, when completed, will together increase Dubai's shoreline by a total of 520 kilometres (320 mi). It has a population of over 25,000 as of 2022.

The islands were created using land reclamation. They were created to resemble a palm tree when seen from the air, and are roughly divided into three areas: "trunk", "fronds", and "outer crescent". The trunk is a mixed commercial and residential area, the fronds are reserved for residential homes and villas, while the outer crescent is used for luxury and upscale resorts.

The Palm Jumeirah was constructed by a Dutch specialist dredging company, Van Oord. The same company also created The World Islands.
Northwood University
Northwood University (NU) is a private university in Midland, Michigan, United States, and online. Founded in 1959, the university specializes in business and management education, offering undergraduate and graduate programs across disciplines such as business administration, finance, accounting, marketing, entrepreneurship, hospitality and automotive-related business fields. As a business school, it offers bachelor's (BBA), master's (MBA & M.S.) and PhD degrees. More than  57,000 students have graduated from the institution.

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Gordon Sturtridge (Canadian football)
Gordon Henry Sturtridge (1929 – December 9, 1956) was a professional Canadian football player, and was one of 62 people who died on Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810, on December 9, 1956.

Sturtridge played his entire five-year professional football career as a defensive end for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Western Interprovincial Football Union, and his #73 jersey is one of eight that has been retired by the club.

Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810-9
Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810-9 was a Canadair North Star on a scheduled flight from Vancouver to Calgary (continuing to Regina, Winnipeg, and Toronto).  The plane crashed into Mount Slesse near Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada, on 9 December 1956 after encountering severe icing and turbulence over the mountains.  All 62 people on board died, making it one of the deadliest airline crashes ever as of that date;: 146  it still ranks as the sixth deadliest air disaster in Canadian history.

Due to the remoteness and difficulty of the terrain, the crash site was not located until the following May, when it was discovered by mountaineers Elfrida Pigou, Geoffrey Walker, and David Cathcart.: 93  Among the victims were five professional Canadian football players on their way home from the annual Shrine Game between the East and West all-stars in Vancouver.

The remains are in a highly inaccessible area and are protected from disturbance.
Sohan Singh Bhakna
Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna (4 January 1870 – 20 December 1968) was an Indian revolutionary, the founding president of the Ghadar Party, and a leading member of the party involved in the Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915. Tried at the Lahore Conspiracy trial, Sohan Singh served sixteen years of a life sentence for his part in the conspiracy before he was released in 1930.  He later worked closely with the Indian labour movement, devoting considerable time to the Kisan Sabha of the Communist Party of India.

All India Kisan Sabha
All India Kisan Sabha (abbr. AIKS; lit. All India Farmers Union, also known as the Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha) is the peasant or farmers' wing of the Communist Party of India, an important peasant movement formed by Sahajanand Saraswati in 1936.
Babaco
The babaco (Vasconcellea × heilbornii; syn. Carica pentagona), is a hybrid cultivar in the genus Vasconcellea from Ecuador. It is a hybrid between Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis (syn. Carica pubescens, "mountain papaya"), and Vasconcellea stipulata (syn. Carica stipulata, "toronche") although Vasconcellea weberbaueri has also been mentioned as a contributor to the hybrid.

Papaya
The papaya (/pəˈpaɪə/, US: /pəˈpɑːjə/), papaw, (/pəˈpɔː/) or pawpaw (/ˈpɔːpɔː/) is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae. Papaya is also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and Central America. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. In 2024, India was the leading producer, accounting for 36% of the world total.
TNA Knockouts World Championship
The TNA Knockouts World Championship is a women's professional wrestling world championship owned by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). The championship debuted on October 14, 2007, at the Bound for Glory pay-per-view (PPV) event and the inaugural champion was Gail Kim. Arianna Grace is the current champion in her first reign. She won the title by defeating Léi Yǐng Lee at No Surrender in Nashville, Tennessee, on February 13, 2026.

Bound for Glory (2007)
The 2007 Bound for Glory was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which took place on October 14, 2007, at the Arena at Gwinnett Center in the Atlanta suburb of Duluth, Georgia. It was the third event under the Bound for Glory chronology. Nine professional wrestling matches were featured on the event's card.
West Park, Leeds
West Park is a suburb of north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, north of Headingley.  It is a mixed area of private suburban housing and suburban council estates. The name derives from its main park (approximately 500 metres north-south by 300 metres east-west) containing playing fields together with a conservation area of grassy meadow ending in woodland.  The largest housing estate in West Park is Moor Grange.

The majority of the area sits in the Weetwood ward of Leeds City Council, except for the south west corner sitting in the neighbouring Kirkstall ward.

Kirkstall (ward)
Kirkstall is an electoral ward of Leeds City Council in west Leeds, West Yorkshire, covering Burley, Hawksworth, Kirkstall and the south west corner of West Park. It contains three rail stations: Burley Park, Headingley and Kirkstall Forge.
Barbara Pravi
Barbara Piévic (born 10 April 1993), known professionally as Barbara Pravi, is a French singer, songwriter, and actress. She represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Voilà", securing second place, the best result for France since 1991. Her debut album On n'enferme pas les oiseaux was released on 27 August 2021.

As a songwriter, Pravi has written songs for a number of artists, including Yannick Noah, Julie Zenatti, Chimène Badi, Kylie Minogue and Jaden Smith.

She additionally composed for Valentina and Lissandro, winners of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest. She also notably starred in Claude Lelouch's "Finalement".

France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
France was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Voilà", written by Barbara Pravi, Lili Poe, and Igit, and performed by Pravi herself. The French participating broadcaster, France Télévisions, organised the national final Eurovision France, c'est vous qui décidez ! in order to select its entry for the contest. Twelve songs competed in the national final where the winner was selected over two rounds of voting. In the first round, eight entries were selected to advance to the second round: seven entries selected a public vote and one entry selected by a ten-member jury panel. In the second round, "Voilà" performed by Barbara Pravi was selected as the winner following the combination of votes from a ten-member jury panel and a public vote.

As a member of the "Big Five", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 20, France placed second out of the 26 participating countries with 499 points.
Throw-away society
The throw-away society is a generalised description of human social concept strongly influenced by consumerism, whereby the society tends to use items once only, from disposable packaging, and consumer products not designed for reuse (e.g. single use products) or lifetime use (e.g. inexpensive fast fashion). The term describes a critical view of overconsumption and excessive production of short-lived or disposable items over durable goods that can be repaired, but at its origins, it was viewed as a positive attribute.

Disposable product
A disposable (also called disposable product) is a product designed for a single use after which it is recycled or is disposed as solid waste. The term is also sometimes used for products that may last several months (e.g. disposable air filters) to distinguish from similar products that last indefinitely (e.g. washable air filters). The word "disposables" is not to be confused with the word "consumables", which is widely used in the mechanical world. For example, welders consider welding rods, tips, nozzles, gas, etc. to be "consumables", as they last only a certain amount of time before needing to be replaced. Consumables are needed for a process to take place, such as inks for printing and welding rods for welding, while disposable products are items that can be discarded after they become damaged or are no longer useful.
Nore og Uvdal
Nore og Uvdal is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Numedal.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rødberg.

The area of Nore was separated from the municipality of Rollag in 1858. The municipality of Nore was divided into two municipalities on 1 January 1901: Nore and Uvdal.  These two municipalities were merged back together on 1 January 1962, and the new municipality was called Nore og Uvdal.

Uvdal
Uvdal is a village and former municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is situated in the traditional region of Numedal and is the location of the Uvdal Stave Church.

The municipality was created by a split from Nore on 1 January 1901. The new municipality, which was called Opdal at the time, had a population of 1,429. The name was changed to Uvdal on 22 January 1932 by royal resolution. In 1937, a part of Uvdal with 220 inhabitants was moved to Hol municipality. On 1 January 1962, Uvdal was reunited with Nore to form the new municipality Nore og Uvdal. Before the merger, Uvdal had 1,213 inhabitants.
Cerritos Towne Center
The Cerritos Towne Center is a retail park located in the center of Cerritos, California that combines retailing, office, and entertainment in one master project. The Cerritos Center for the Performing Arts is located within the southwestern part of the project. Cerritos High School, Cerritos City Hall, the Cerritos Sheriff Station, and the Cerritos Millennium Library are all located across the street from the Towne Center development and are sometimes collectively referred to as "Downtown Cerritos."

Cerritos, California
Cerritos (/səˈriːtoʊz/; Spanish for "Little hills") is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of several cities that constitute the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. It was incorporated on April 24, 1956. As of 2020, the population was 49,578. It is part of the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, California Metropolitan Statistical Area designated by the Office of Management and Budget.
Norwogonin
Norwogonin, also known as 5,7,8-trihydroxyflavone (5,7,8-THF), is a flavone, a naturally occurring flavonoid-like chemical compound which is found in Scutellaria baicalensis (Baikal skullcap). It has been found to act as an agonist of the TrkB, the main signaling receptor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and appears to possess roughly the same activity in this regard to that of the closely related but more well-known tropoflavin (7,8-DHF).

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene.  TrkB is a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
Antoine Pâris
Antoine Pâris, known as French: le Grand Pâris (“the Great Pâris”) (February 9, 1668, Moirans - July 29, 1734, Sampigny) was the eldest of the four Pâris brothers, who were all financiers during the reign of Louis XV.: 4

Claude Pâris la Montagne
Claude Pâris dit la Montagne (August 12, 1670, Moirans, Dauphiné - April 18, 1744, Serpaize), was a French banker and bibliophile, Lord of Moirans, Serpaize and Croix Fontaine. The suffix “La Montagne” comes from his mother Justine Trennanay La Montagne.: 4
Nebraska Palladium
The Nebraska Palladium and Platte Valley Advocate, also known simply as the Nebraska Palladium, was the first newspaper published in the Nebraska Territory. Over the course of its publication from 1854 to 1855, it sought to make Bellevue, Nebraska, the territorial capital.

Nebraska Territory
The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. The territorial capital was Omaha. The territory encompassed areas of what is today Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, and Montana.
Hirado Dutch Trading Post
The Hirado Dutch Trading Post (平戸和蘭商館, Hirado Oranda shōkan ato) was a trading base of the Dutch East India Company on the island of Hirado, Nagasaki Prefecture Japan.  It was established in 1609 and lasted for 33 years. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1922.

Hirado, Nagasaki
Hirado (平戸市, Hirado-shi) is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of  28,172, and a population density of 120 people per km2. The total area of the city is 235.12 km2 (90.78 sq mi).

Historically, Hirado has been an important port city and a gateway for foreign trade between Japan and Europe, especially during the 16th–17th centuries.  Its rich history blends samurai culture, foreign influence, and maritime trade. Today, Hirado is also recognized for its role in Japan's early international connections, as part of the broader UNESCO World Heritage Sites related to Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region.
Pandolfo III Malatesta
Pandolfo III Malatesta (c. 1369 – October 3, 1427) was an Italian condottiero and lord of Fano, a member of the famous House of Malatesta. He was the father of the infamous Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta and Blessed Roberto Malatesta.

House of Malatesta
The House of Malatesta was an Italian family that ruled over Rimini from 1295 until 1500, as well as (in different periods) other lands and towns in Romagna and holding high positions in the government of cities in present-day Tuscany, Lombardy and Marche. The dynasty is considered among the most important and influential of the Late Middle Ages. In the period of maximum influence, they extended their domains along the Marche coast, up to Ascoli Piceno, Senigallia, Sansepolcro and Citerna, and to the north, on the territories of Bergamo and Brescia.
Joshua Allison
Joshua Allison (born 27 March 1986) is a 1.0 point wheelchair basketball player from Australia. He played basketball for the Kilsyth Cobras and the Sherbroke Suns before suffering a serious accident in 2011. He began playing wheelchair basketball in 2013, and was selected for the national team (the Rollers) in 2014. That year he was part of the team that won the 2014 Incheon World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. In 2016, he represented Australia the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team
The Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team is the men's wheelchair basketball side that represents Australia in international competitions. The team is known as the Rollers. Australia took the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympic Games and 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games.

Australia has competed at every men's wheelchair basketball tournament at the Paralympic Games except 1964. Kevin Coombs was Australia's first captain of the men's wheelchair basketball team.

The Rollers qualified for the 2016 Summer Paralympics by winning the 2015 Asia Oceania Qualifying Tournament and finished sixth.
Brock Purdy
Brock Richard Purdy (born December 27, 1999) is an American professional football quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa State Cyclones and was selected by the 49ers with the final pick in the 2022 NFL draft, becoming that year's Mr. Irrelevant.

Purdy began his rookie season in the NFL as the third-string quarterback but took the starting role following injuries to Trey Lance and Jimmy Garoppolo. Winning all five regular-season games that he started, Purdy played a key role in the 49ers securing a division title and an NFC Championship Game appearance. Purdy continued as the 49ers' starting quarterback in the 2023 season, where he led them to a repeat division title and led the league in multiple passing categories before an appearance in Super Bowl LVIII. Purdy also set the franchise's single season passing yards record and earned his first Pro Bowl selection.

Iowa State Cyclones football
The Iowa State Cyclones football program is the intercollegiate football team at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. The team is coached by Jimmy Rogers. The Cyclones compete in the Big 12 Conference, and are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the NCAA. The Cyclones play their home games at Jack Trice Stadium, with a capacity of 61,500. The Iowa State Cyclones football team drew an average home attendance of 60,384 in 2023, the 28th highest in college football.
Lorlatinib
Lorlatinib, sold under the brand name Lorbrena in the United States, Canada, and Japan, and Lorviqua in the European Union, is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. It is an orally administered inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), two enzymes that play a role in the development of cancer. It was developed by Pfizer.

The most common adverse reactions include edema, peripheral neuropathy, weight gain, cognitive effects, fatigue, dyspnea, arthralgia, diarrhea, mood effects, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and cough.

Lorlatinib was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2018, and in the European Union in May 2019.

ROS1
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ROS1 gene.

This proto-oncogene, highly expressed in a variety of tumor cell lines, belongs to the sevenless subfamily of tyrosine kinase insulin receptor genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I integral membrane protein with tyrosine kinase activity. The protein may function as a growth or differentiation factor receptor.