hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pedro Duque
Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, OF, OMSE (born Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer who served as Minister of Science from 2018 to 2021 and member of the Congress of Deputies, representing Alicante, from May 2019 until February 2020.

Since December 2023, he has been the chair of Hispasat.

Order of Friendship
The Order of Friendship (Russian: Орден Дружбы, Orden Druzhby) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation established by Boris Yeltsin by presidential decree 442 of 2 March 1994 to reward Russian and foreign nationals whose work, deeds and efforts have been aimed at the betterment of relations with the Russian Federation and its people. The design of order was created by Alexander Zhuk. Its statute was later amended by presidential decree 19 of 6 January 1999, presidential decree 1999 of 7 September 2010, presidential decree 1631 of 16 December 2011, and presidential decree 308 of 16 March 2012. The Order of Friendship is the direct successor of the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples and like the latter, its insignia was similarly designed by Alexander Zhuk.
Darshan (band)
Darshan is an American Jewish alternative hip hop group from Brooklyn, New York. Formed in 2008, the group primarily consists of rapper Eprhyme and singer-songwriters Shir Yaakov and Basya Schechter. Its debut album, Deeper and Higher, was released in 2015, followed by a second album, Raza, in 2017.

Shir Meira Feit
Shir Meira Feit (née Sam Benjamin Feinstein-Feit and formerly known as Shir Yaakov) is an American rabbi, composer, liturgist, singer-songwriter, spiritual counselor, and graphic designer. Feit is genderqueer. As a musician, they have recorded several albums both solo and with the groups Darshan and The Epichorus. In their spiritual career, Feit has been a figure in the Jewish Renewal movement, having served the congregations Kol Hai, Kol Zimrah, and Romemu and served as ritual consultant at Eden Village Camp and visiting faculty at the Academy for Jewish Religion and the Jewish Theological Seminary. They are also a member of the Zen Peacemaker order.
Journal of Intellectual Property and Entertainment Law
The New York University Journal of Intellectual Property and Entertainment Law (or JIPEL) 
is a student-edited law review at New York University School of Law. The journal 
publishes articles, essays, notes, and commentary that cover a wide range of topics in 
intellectual property law and entertainment law.

JIPEL was first published by NYU's Intellectual Property 
and Entertainment Law Society in 2009 as the IP and Entertainment Law Ledger, before being 
spun off as an independent journal in 2011. It features 
articles and essays on legal topics by practitioners and academics, as well as notes, case comments, and book annotations 
written by journal members.

JIPEL publishes two issues per year on diverse topics in intellectual property and entertainment 
law. Past articles have been cited in criminal cases and Supreme Court filings. It was recognized both in and out of legal circles in 2020 for publishing a legal article co-authored by the rapper Pitbull.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
Bill McKalip
William Ward McKalip (June 5, 1907 – July 11, 1993) is an American former professional football player who was an end and half back for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Portsmouth Spartans/Detroit Lions. He played college football for the Oregon State Beavers.

Oregon State Beavers football
The Oregon State Beavers football team represents Oregon State University in NCAA Division I FBS college football. The team first fielded an organized football team in 1893 and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference.

Their home games are played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis, Oregon.
Singaar
Singaar (lit. 'Embellishment') is a 1949 Indian Hindi-language romantic film directed by J. K. Nanda. Produced by R. B. Haldia under his production  company, the film stars Suraiya, Madhubala and Jairaj, with Durga Khote and K. N. Singh appearing in supporting roles. The music of the film was composed by Khurshid Anwar.

Also written by Nanda, Singaar featured Suraiya and Jairaj as a couple whose marriage begins troubling after he falls in love with a prostitute named Sitara, played by Madhubala. Principal photography of Singaar took place in Shree Sound studio in Bombay, and was marked by professional rivalry between Suraiya and Madhubala. After many delays, the film was theatrically released on 12 December 1949, and became a critical and commercial success. Madhubala's work specially gained widespread praise. The following year Anwar won an award for composing the music of the film.

Khwaja Khurshid Anwar
Khwaja Khurshid Anwar (21 March 1912 − 30 October 1984) was a Pakistani filmmaker, writer, director and music composer who earned recognition in both India and Pakistan. He is credited as being one of the most original and inventive music directors of his generation.

He was the Programme Producer (Music) at (AIR), All India Radio or Akashvani (radio broadcaster), Delhi in 1939, where Indian music director Roshan was also a co-worker and later assisted him in composing film music in the 1940s.
Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts
The Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts are Chinese Manichaean manuscripts from Shangwan Village 上万村, Baiyang Township, Xiapu County, Fujian Province, China. They first became known to academia and the general public in October 2008. Today in Baiyang Township, the texts are used for rituals conducted for Lin Deng 林瞪 in the three villages of Baiyang 柏洋村, Shangwan 上万村, and Tahou 塔后村.

Additional Manichaean manuscripts were discovered in neighboring parts of Fujian after 2008. In March 2016, 3 Manichaean texts were discovered in Jianglong Village 降龙村, Shoushan Township 寿山乡, Pingnan County, Fujian, called Zhenming kaizheng wenke 貞明開正文科, Zhenming kaizheng zou 貞明開正奏, and Dier shike 第二時科. In 2017, 35 Manichaean texts owned by Taoist priest Shi Menghua 施孟铧 were discovered in Gaoshan Town 高山镇, Fuqing City 福清市. In 2019, a Manichaean stone inscription was also discovered in nearby Qiyu Village 芹屿村, Yangzhong Town 洋中镇, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City.

Lin Deng
Lin Deng (Chinese: 林瞪; 1003–1059 in Shangwan Village 上万村, China) was a Chinese Manichaean leader in what is now Shangwan Village 上万村, Baiyang Township, Xiapu County, Fujian Province. Today in Baiyang Township, the Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts are used for rituals conducted for Lin Deng in the three villages of Baiyang 柏洋村, Shangwan 上万村, and Tahou 塔后村.
Bantubonke Tokota
Bantubonke Regent Tokota (born 9 September 1952) is a South African judge of the High Court of South Africa. He was appointed to the Eastern Cape Division in October 2017 after 20 years as a practising advocate in Pretoria. He was Senior Counsel from 2006 onwards and also served on the Marikana Commission of Inquiry between 2012 and 2014.

Tokota was born in the Eastern Cape. Before joining the bar, he was a magistrate and civil servant in the bantustans of Ciskei and Transkei; he was also briefly the Ciskei's Minister of State Affairs in 1992.

Eastern Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa
The Eastern Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The main seat of the division is at Makhanda, with subordinate local seats at Gqeberha, Bhisho and Mthatha, as well as a circuit court in East London. As of November 2017 the Judge President of the division is Selby Mbenenge.
Essen-Steele Ost station
Essen-Steele Ost station is located in the district of Essen-Steele in the German city of Essen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is on the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg line and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. It is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S1 and S3.

Essen-Steele station
Essen-Steele is located in the district of Essen-Steele in the German city of Essen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is on the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg line and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. It is served by the RB 33 (Rhein-Niers-Bahn) Aachen / Heinsberg, RE 49 (Wupper-Lippe-Express) and Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S1, S3 and S9.
Gulielmus Cobben
Gulielmus (Guillaume) Cobben (born Willem Petrus Bartholomaeus Cobben; June 29, 1897 –  January 27, 1985) was a Dutch Catholic priest and bishop, who was the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Helsinki.

Cobben was ordained in 1924. Before being consecrated bishop, he was the chaplain of the Catholic congregation of Terijoki (1924–1925) and Vyborg (1925–1926), and the vicar of the congregation of Turku (1926–1934). In 1933, he was appointed as the apostolic vicar of Finland, replacing Bishop Michael Buckx. He was consecrated as the titular bishop of Amathus in Palæstina in 1934. During his tenure as the apostolic vicar of Finland, the Diocese of Helsinki was established and replaced the apostolic vicariate of Finland in 1955. He was the first Bishop of Helsinki and resigned from the position in the year 1967. He was titular bishop of Tamagrista from 1967 to 1976.

Catholic Diocese of Helsinki
The Diocese of Helsinki (Latin: Dioecesis Helsinkiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church based in Helsinki, which comprises the whole of Finland.  The diocese is divided into eight parishes.  As of 2018, there are 15,000 registered and 10,000 unregistered Catholics living in Finland. There are more than 6,000 Catholic families in the country; 50 percent are Finnish and 50 percent are of international origin.

Bishop Raimo Goyarrola of Spain was chosen by Pope Francis to lead the diocese in September 2023.  The bishopric was vacant from May 2019 when Bishop Teemu Sippo resigned due to poor health.
Anthony Hamilton (snooker player)
Anthony Stephen Hamilton (born 29 June 1971) is an English retired professional snooker player. He turned professional in 1991 and spent fifteen seasons ranked within the top 32, including five within the top 16, reaching a career high of number 10 in the 1999/2000 season. He reached three ranking finals during his career, losing 7–9 to Fergal O'Brien in the 1999 British Open final and 8–9 to Mark Williams in the 2002 China Open final before winning his only ranking title at the 2017 German Masters, beating Ali Carter 9–6 in the final. His best performances in Triple Crown events were reaching four World Snooker Championship quarter-finals, in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007, and reaching one Masters semi-final in 1999.

Hamilton lost his professional tour card after his defeat in the 2025 World Snooker Championship qualifiers and announced his retirement in June 2025 after losing in the second event of 2025 Q School.

Ali Carter
Allister Carter (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been a World Championship finalist, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won six ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, "The Captain", comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes.
Pakistan National Commission for Minorities
The Pakistan National Commission for Minorities is a commission for the preservation of religious minorities in Pakistan. It is under Ministry of Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony. National Minorities Day has been observed annually on 11 August in Pakistan since 2009 to honor the services and sacrifices rendered by religious minorities for the country over the years.

National Minorities Day
National Minorities Day is observed annually on 11 August in Pakistan. The origin of this observance dates back to 2009 when the Government of Pakistan established it with the aim of recognizing the contributions and dedications made by religious minority groups towards the nation's progress. To mark this day, a range of activities such as events, discussions, and communal assemblies are organized nationwide by different religious minority communities along with the involvement of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony.
Château Lafite Rothschild
Château Lafite Rothschild is a French wine estate of Bordeaux wine, located in Pauillac in France, owned by members of the Rothschild family since the 19th century, and rated as a First Growth under the 1855 Bordeaux Classification.

Lafite was one of five wine-producing châteaux of Bordeaux originally awarded First Growth status in the 1855 Classification. Since then, it has been a consistent producer of one of the world's most expensive red wines.  A bottle of 1869 Château Lafite Rothschild holds the world record for the most expensive bottle of wine sold at auction for $233,973 in 2010.

Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855
The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 resulted from the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, when Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for France's best Bordeaux wines that were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a château's reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality.

The wines were ranked in importance from first to fifth growths (crus). All of the red wines that made it on the list came from the Médoc region except for one: Château Haut-Brion from Graves. The white wines, then of much less importance than red wine, were limited to the sweet varieties of Sauternes and Barsac and were ranked only from superior first growth to second growth.
Dirty Weekend (novel)
Dirty Weekend (1991) is a novel by Helen Zahavi, adapted into a film two years later by Zahavi and director Michael Winner.  In the US it was first published under the title The Weekend; some editions are subtitled "A Novel of Revenge".

Dirty Weekend (1993 film)
Dirty Weekend is a 1993 British film directed by Michael Winner and starring Lia Williams, Rufus Sewell, Ian Richardson and David McCallum. It was written by Winner based on the 1991 novel of the same title by Helen Zahavi.

Bella, a secretary, becomes a victim of Tim, a voyeur who harasses her. After the police provide no assistance, Bella consults an Iranian clairvoyant, Nimrod, who encourages her to take matters into her own hands. She kills Tim and goes on a murder spree, ultimately evading capture.
Overtourism
Overtourism is congestion or overcrowding from an excess of tourists, resulting in conflicts with locals.  The World Tourism Organization defines overtourism as "the impact of tourism on a destination, or parts thereof, that excessively influences perceived quality of life of citizens and/or quality of visitor experiences in a negative way". This definition shows how overtourism can be observed both among locals, who view tourism as a disruptive factor that increasingly burdens daily life, as well as visitors, who may regard high numbers of tourists as a nuisance. Instagram tourism has been implicated as a cause.

The term was only used infrequently before 2017, but is now the most commonly used expression to describe the negative impacts ascribed to tourism.

Instagram tourism
Instagram tourism or selfie tourism is the phenomenon by which an area sees an increase in tourism, often to the point of overtourism, due to exposure on social media and the resulting desire created in others to recreate the images they've seen on Instagram or TikTok. Studies in 2018 and 2023 found that social media exposure affected tourism and connected it to the sociological concept of conspicuous consumption.

Instagram tourism is often seen in areas which lend themselves to the taking of selfies with a background of picturesque natural beauty or vibrant city scenes. It has been characterized as a superficial consumption of rather than sincere interest in a place, and those engaging in it characterized as "people coming to get a photo of the photos they've seen".

Municipalities have taken various strategies to limit the appeal of visiting to take selfies, such as erecting barriers, closing roads, and enacting fees.
SS Rusinga
SS Rusinga is a cargo and passenger Lake Victoria ferry in East Africa.

Bow, McLachlan and Company of Paisley in Renfrewshire, Scotland built her and her sister ship SS Usoga for the Uganda Railway in 1913. They were "knock down" vessels; that is, they were bolted together in the shipyard at Paisley, all the parts marked with numbers, disassembled into many hundreds of parts and transported in kit form by sea to Kenya for reassembly.

Rusinga entered service on the lake in 1914 and was a troop ship during the First World War East African Campaign. After the Armistice she entered civilian service as a Lake Victoria ferry.

On 30 September 1927 Rusinga was damaged by fire. She was subsequently repaired and returned to service.

In 1966 the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation withdrew her for scrap but she passed into private ownership and in 2005 was still in service.

Lake Victoria ferries
Lake Victoria ferries are motor ships (earlier examples were steamboats) for ferry services carrying freight and/or vehicles and/or passengers between Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya on Lake Victoria.

Operating ferries on Lake Victoria are mostly Ro-Pax ferries for the simultaneous transport of passengers, vehicles and goods. Some other ferries are dedicated train ferries, Ro-Ro ferries and cargo ships, as well as catamarans for passenger transport.

For most of the 20th century, Lake Victoria ferries were international ferries operating clockwise or counterclockwise around Lake Victoria. In the 21st century, ferries are mostly operating domestically within the borders of Kenya, Uganda or Tanzania and between mainland ports and Lake Victoria islands.
Seenu Atoll
Seenu Atoll, historically known as Addu Atoll, is the southernmost atoll of the Maldives. Addu Atoll, together with Fuvahmulah, located 40 km north of Addu Atoll, extend the Maldives into the Southern Hemisphere. Addu Atoll is located 540 km south of Malé, the country's capital. Administratively, Addu Atoll is the location of Addu City, one of the four cities of the Maldives. Addu City consists of the inhabited areas of Addu Atoll, namely the natural islands of Hulhudhoo, Meedhoo, Maradhoo, Feydhoo, and Hithadhoo. (The districts of Addu City are not according to the natural islands that it comprises). In addition to the areas that are included as a part of Addu City, Addu Atoll has a number of other inhabited and uninhabited islands, including the island of Gan, where Gan International Airport is located.

Gan International Airport
Gan International Airport (GIA) (IATA: GAN, ICAO: VRMG) is an international airport located on the island of Gan in Addu Atoll (sometimes known as Seenu Atoll) in the island nation of the Maldives.  As of June 2024, it is one of five international airports in the Maldives.
British unmanned aerial vehicles of World War I
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) include both autonomous (capable of operating without human input) drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs). The UAVs used in World War I were RPVs. Soon after its change from the Army Balloon Factory to the Royal Aircraft Factory in 1912, designers at this Farnborough base turned their thoughts to flying an unmanned aircraft. During the First World War this pioneering work resulted in trials of remotely controlled aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps and unmanned boats for the Royal Navy that were controlled from 'mother' aircraft. By the end of the war Britain had flown and controlled a drone aircraft and a number of fast unmanned motor boats operating in close flotilla formation that had been individually controlled by radio from operators flying in 'mother' aircraft. The work continued in the interwar years.

Radio control
Radio control (often abbreviated to RC) is the use of control signals transmitted by radio to remotely operate a device. Examples of simple radio control systems are garage door openers and keyless entry systems for vehicles, in which a small handheld radio transmitter unlocks or opens doors.  Radio control is also used for control of model vehicles from a hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make use of radio-controlled vehicles as well.  A rapidly growing application is control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) for both civilian and military uses, although these have more sophisticated control systems than traditional applications.
Regie voor Maritiem Transport
Regie voor Maritiem Transport (RMT) was the Belgian state-owned ferry service and operated ferries on the Ostend-Dover route under the name Oostende Lines. For the last few years until its demise in February 1997, the ferries from Ostend went to Ramsgate instead of Dover in partnership with Sally Line.

Port of Ramsgate
The Port of Ramsgate (also known as Port Ramsgate, Ramsgate Harbour, and Royal Harbour, Ramsgate) is a harbour situated in Ramsgate, south-east England, serving cross-Channel freight traffic and smaller working and pleasure craft. It is owned and operated by Thanet District Council.
Stephen Keshi
Stephen Okechukwu Keshi ListenⓘCON (23 January 1962 – 7 June 2016) was a Nigerian football player and manager.

During his playing career, Keshi played as a defender and earned 60 caps for the Nigeria national team, making him the nation's second-most capped player at the time of his retirement. He represented the country at the 1994 FIFA World Cup and the 1994 Africa Cup of Nations, captaining the Super Eagles to victory in the latter. He also played club football in five countries, most notably Belgium, where he won the Belgian league championship with R.S.C. Anderlecht in 1991.

As a manager, Keshi achieved success by qualifying Togo for the only FIFA World Cup appearance in its history in 2006. However, he left the position prior to the 2006 tournament and was replaced by Otto Pfister. He later coached his native Nigeria, becoming one of only two people, along with Egypt's Mahmoud El-Gohary, to have won the Africa Cup of Nations as both a player and a coach.

Otto Pfister
Otto Martin Pfister (born 24 November 1937) is a German former footballer, football manager and one of Germany's most successful coaching exports, voted Africa's Manager of the Year in 1992. He is formerly the manager of the Afghanistan national team.
Echinodontium ryvardenii
Echinodontium ryvardenii is a rare species of fungus in the family Echinodontiaceae, described in 1998 and named in honour of the mycologist Leif Ryvarden. The fungus produces woody, perennial fruit bodies with distinctive ashen-grey, teeth-like structures on its spore-bearing surface, and grows parasitically on ancient Juniperus phoenicea trees in Sardinia, Italy. As the first European representative of a genus previously known only from North America and Asia, E. ryvardenii is considered an evolutionary relict with fewer than 600 mature individuals remaining, earning it an endangered status on the IUCN Red List.

Echinodontiaceae
The Echinodontiaceae are a family of crust fungi in the order Russulales. Species of this family, divided amongst two genera—Echinodontium and Laurilia—have a widespread distribution, although they are especially predominant in north temperate zones. They are parasitic or saprobic on wood, and may cause white rot of angiosperms and gymnosperms.