hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Javelin
A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon. Today, the javelin is predominantly used for sporting purposes such as the javelin throw. The javelin is nearly always thrown by hand, unlike the sling, bow, and crossbow, which launch projectiles with the aid of a hand-held mechanism. However, devices do exist to assist the javelin thrower in achieving greater distances, such as spear-throwers or the amentum.

A warrior or soldier armed primarily with one or more javelins is a javelineer.

The word javelin comes from Middle English and it derives from Old French javelin, a diminutive of javelot, which meant spear. The word javelot probably originated from one of the Celtic languages.

Amentum
An amentum (Greek: αγκύλη, ankyle,) was a leather strap attached to a javelin used in ancient Greek athletics, hunting, and warfare, which helped to increase the range and the stability of the javelin in flight. Stability in flight was important because it allowed the javelin to land on its point, which was the only way the throw could be accurately recorded in competition or be useful against a live target. An amentum also increased the effective length of the throwing arm similarly to a spear-thrower or Swiss arrow, which enhances the speed of the projectile.
Pantothenic acid
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β-alanine. Its name comes from the Greek πάντοθεν pantothen, meaning "from everywhere", because pantothenic acid, at least in small amounts, is in almost all foods. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is very rare in humans. In dietary supplements and animal feed, the form commonly used is calcium pantothenate, because chemically it is more stable, and hence makes for longer product shelf-life, than sodium pantothenate and free pantothenic acid.

B vitamins
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. They are a chemically diverse class of compounds.

Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name, such as B1 for thiamine, B2 for riboflavin, and B3 for niacin, while some are more commonly recognized by name than by number, such as pantothenic acid (B5), biotin (B7), and folate (B9). B vitamins are present in protein-rich foods, such as fish, poultry, meat, dairy products, and eggs; they are also found in leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas. Fortified foods, such as breakfast cereals, baked products, and infant formulas, may contain B vitamins.

Each B vitamin is either a cofactor (generally a coenzyme) for key metabolic processes or is a precursor needed to make one.
Ernest Mason Satow
Sir Ernest Mason Satow GCMG, PC (30 June 1843 – 26 August 1929), was a British diplomat, scholar and Japanologist. He is better known in Japan, where he was known as Satō Ainosuke (Japanese: 佐藤 愛之助/薩道 愛之助), than in Britain or the other countries in which he served as a diplomat. He was a key figure in late 19th-century Anglo-Japanese relations.

Satow was influential in East Asia and Japan, particularly in the Bakumatsu (1853–1867) and Meiji (1868–1912) eras. He also served in China after the Boxer Rebellion (1900–1906), in Siam, Uruguay, and Morocco, and represented Britain at the Second Hague Peace Conference in 1907. In his retirement, he wrote A Guide to Diplomatic Practice. Now known as 'Satow's Guide to Diplomatic Practice', this manual is still widely used today, and has been updated several times by distinguished diplomats, notably Lord Gore-Booth. The sixth edition, edited by Sir Ivor Roberts, was published by Oxford University Press in 2009, and is over 700 pages long.

Ivor Roberts (diplomat)
Sir Ivor Anthony Roberts KCMG FCIL (born 24 September 1946) is a retired British diplomat and the former President of Trinity College, Oxford. He was previously British Ambassador to Yugoslavia, Ireland, and Italy. He was knighted in 2000. In addition to his British citizenship, he is now an Irish citizen.
Transfer cart
A transfer cart (sometimes called an industrial cart, industrial transfer cart, or factory trolley) is a specialized small vehicle designed to transport heavy loads within a manufacturing facility or between different work zones. Transfer carts may move freely on wheels, or may be installed on tracks.

Transfer carts are used in the same manner as forklifts, but have certain advantages in some situations. Transfer carts require fewer personnel and less specialized operator training than forklifts, and often have better maneuverability. However, they lack the ability to raise and lower loads over large distances, unlike forklifts.

Forklift
A forklift (also called industrial truck, lift truck, jitney, hi-lo, fork truck, fork hoist, and forklift truck) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials over short distances.

The forklift was developed in the early 20th century by various companies, including Clark, which made transmissions, and Yale & Towne Manufacturing, which made hoists.

Since World War II, the development and use of the forklift truck has greatly expanded worldwide. Forklifts have become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing. In 2013, the top 20 manufacturers worldwide posted sales of $30.4 billion, with 944,405 machines sold.
Gogra, Ladakh
Gogra
(also referred to as Nala Junction)
is a pasture and campsite in the Ladakh union territory of India, near the Line of Actual Control with China. It is located in the Kugrang River valley, a branch valley of Chang Chenmo Valley, where the Changlung River flows into Kugrang. During the times of the British Raj, Gogra was a halting spot for travellers to Central Asia via the 'Chang Chenmo route', who proceeded through the Changlung river valley and the Aksai Chin plateau.

In the late 1950s, China began to claim the Changlung river valley as its own territory. India established an outpost on a low pass overlooking the Nala Junction on 2 July 1962. Clashes occurred during the Sino-Indian War but the post held out.

During the 2020–2022 skirmishes, the area around Gogra was again a scene of conflict, and continues to be a subject of active dispute between the two countries.

Chang Chenmo River
Chang Chenmo River or Changchenmo River is a tributary of the Shyok River, part of the Indus River system. It is at the southern edge of the disputed Aksai Chin region and north of the Pangong Lake basin in Ladakh.

The source of Chang Chenmo is near the Lanak Pass in the Chinese-administered region of Jammu & Kashmir (as part of the Rutog County in Tibet). 
The river flows west from Lanak La. At the middle of its course lies the Kongka Pass, part of the Line of Actual Control between India and China passes. 
Continuing west, the river enters a deep gorge in the Karakoram Range until it joins the Shyok River in Ladakh.
Draft horse showing
Draft horse showing (UK and Commonwealth; draught horse, dray horse or carthorse) refers to horse shows exclusively for horses of the draft horse breeds. In North America the term "Draft horse showing" refers to a specific horse show competition with the competitors driving their horses under harness.

Draft horse shows are different from draft horse pulling competitions, where teams of horses compete to determine who can pull the most weight.

Worldwide, some draft horse shows also feature riding classes, as do a small number of North American shows.

The driving events at these competitions are somewhat akin to fine harness classes at horse shows for light horses, though the four horse and larger hitch classes also resemble some aspects of carriage driving.

Horse show
A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide, from local to the international levels. Most horse shows run from one to three days, sometimes longer for major, all-breed events or national and international championships. Most shows consist of a series of different performances, called classes, wherein a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and, often, prize money.
Ruhe, meine Seele!
"Ruhe, meine Seele!", Op. 27, No. 1, is the first in a set of four songs composed by Richard Strauss in 1894. It was originally for voice and piano, and not orchestrated by Strauss until 1948, after he had completed one of his Four Last Songs, "Im Abendrot". The words are from a poem "Ruhe, meine Seele!" (Rest, my soul) written by the poet Karl Henckell.

Four Last Songs
The Four Last Songs (German: Vier letzte Lieder), Op. posth., for soprano and orchestra were composed in 1948 when Richard Strauss was 84. They are – with the exception of the song "Malven" (Mallows), composed later the same year – Strauss' final completed works.

The songs are "Frühling" (Spring), "September", "Beim Schlafengehen" (When Falling Asleep) and "Im Abendrot" (At Sunset). The title Four Last Songs was provided posthumously by Strauss's friend Ernst Roth, who published the four songs as a single unit in 1950 after Strauss's death.

Strauss died in September 1949. The premiere was given at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 22 May 1950 by soprano Kirsten Flagstad and the Philharmonia Orchestra, conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler.

The work has no opus number. It is listed as AV 150 in Mueller von Asow's thematical index, and as TrV 296 in the index of Franz and Florian Trenner.
Tana Municipality
Deatnu (Northern Sami) or Tana (Norwegian) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tana bru. Among the other villages in the municipality are Austertana, Bonakas, Polmak, Rustefjelbma, and Skiippagurra.

The 4,051-square-kilometre (1,564 sq mi) municipality is the 5th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Deanu-Tana is the 239th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,807. The municipality's population density is 0.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Rustefjelbma
Rustefjelbma (Norwegian), Ruostefielbmá (Northern Sami), or Ruostefjelma (Kven) is a village in Deatnu-Tana Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The village is located along the Tana River, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the mouth of the river at the Tanafjorden. The village of Bonakas lies just north of Rustefjelbma.

The municipal centre of Tana bru lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south.  Rustefjelbma is the location of Tana Church. During the winter months, there is an ice road that crosses the Tana River at Rustefjelbma.
Måsøy Church
Måsøy Church (Norwegian: Måsøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Måsøy Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in village of Måsøy on the island of Måsøya. It is one of the churches for the Måsøy parish which is part of the Hammerfest prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, concrete church was built in a long church style in 1953 using plans drawn up by the architect Eyvind Moestue. The church seats about 120 people.

Måsøya
Måsøya (Norwegian) or Muosáidsuolu (Northern Sami) is an island in Måsøy Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 13.45-square-kilometre (5.19 sq mi) island is located west of the large island of Magerøya and to the east of the islands of Hjelmsøya and Havøya. The Porsanger Peninsula on the mainland lies south of the island. The island is only accessible by boat, and there is regular ferry service from Havøysund. The population of the island (2012) is about 40 people.

The only settlement on the island is the small fishing village of Måsøy. It is located on the southern part of the island on an isthmus between two small fjords. Historically, the village was the administrative centre of the municipality and it is where Måsøy Church is located. There is a herd of about 40 reindeer that live on the island.

The notable Norwegian minister and poet Magnus Brostrup Landstad was born here.
Radiant exposure
In radiometry, radiant exposure or fluence is the radiant energy received by a surface per unit area, or equivalently the irradiance of a surface, integrated over time of irradiation, and spectral exposure is the radiant exposure per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiant exposure is the joule per square metre (J/m2), while that of spectral exposure in frequency is the joule per square metre per hertz (J⋅m−2⋅Hz−1) and that of spectral exposure in wavelength is the joule per square metre per metre (J/m3)—commonly the joule per square metre per nanometre (J⋅m−2⋅nm−1).

Irradiance
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area.  The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (symbol W⋅m−2 or W/m2). The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second (erg⋅cm−2⋅s−1) is often used in astronomy. Irradiance is often called intensity, but this term is avoided in radiometry where such usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity. In astrophysics, irradiance is called radiant flux.

Spectral irradiance is the irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The two forms have different dimensions and units: spectral irradiance of a frequency spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per hertz (W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1), while spectral irradiance of a wavelength spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per metre (W⋅m−3), or more commonly watts per square metre per nanometre (W⋅m−2⋅nm−1).
Istinggar
The term "istinggar" and Astinggal (in Filipino) refers to a type of matchlock firearm built by the various ethnic groups of the Maritime Southeast Asia. The firearm is a result of Portuguese influence on local weaponry after the capture of Malacca (1511). Before this type of gun, in the archipelago already existed early long gun called bedil, or Java arquebus as the Chinese call it. Most of the specimens in the Malay Peninsula are actually Malaysian in origin, manufactured in the Langkasuka lands of Kedah. The states of the Malay Peninsula imported this firearm as it was widely used in their wars.: 57

Java arquebus
A Java arquebus (Indonesian and Malaysian: Bedil Jawa) is a long-barreled early firearm from the Nusantara archipelago, dating back to the early 16th century. The weapon was used by Javanese armies, albeit in low number compared to total fighting men,: 387  before the arrival of Iberian explorers (Portuguese and Spaniards) in the 16th century. In historical records, the weapon may be classified as arquebus or musket.
Borate
A borate is any of a range of boron oxyanions, anions containing boron and oxygen, such as orthoborate BO3−3, metaborate BO−2, or tetraborate B4O2−7; or any salt of such anions, such as sodium metaborate, Na+[BO2]− and borax (Na+)2[B4O7]2−. The name also refers to esters of such anions, such as trimethyl borate B(OCH3)3.

Orthoborate
In inorganic chemistry, an orthoborate is a polyatomic anion with formula [BO3]3− or a salt containing the anion; such as trisodium orthoborate (Na+)3[BO3]3−. It is one of several boron oxyanions, or borates.

The name is also used in organic chemistry for the trivalent functional group B(O−)3, or any compound (ester) that contains it, such as triethyl orthoborate B(OC2H5)3.
Lake–Peterson House
The Lake–Peterson House, also known as Jenny's, is a Victorian Gothic Revival home in Rockford, Illinois, United States. The house was built in 1873, probably by prominent Rockford citizen John Lake - its first owner, but its architect is unknown. The house is a significant example of Gothic Revival architecture and is considered one of the finest such homes in the U.S. state of Illinois. The Lake–Peterson House is owned and maintained by Swedish American Hospital in Rockford and stands adjacent to the main hospital complex along Business US 20 (East State Street). The building and its carriage house were added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Swedish American Hospital
SwedishAmerican Hospital is a 357-bed non profit, teaching hospital located in Rockford, Illinois. The hospital is a division of UW Health. The hospital was founded in 1911, opening its doors in 1918 following a period of fund raising. In the mid-1990s the hospital proposed a major campus overhaul that was eventually approved by the city of Rockford,  providing SwedishAmerican assistance in recovering a blighted neighborhood nearby. The hospital employees more than 350 physicians and includes an emergency department that is a level II trauma center.
Age of Wonders
Age of Wonders is a 1999 turn-based strategy game co-developed by Triumph Studios and Epic MegaGames, and published by Gathering of Developers.

Age of Wonders underwent a long production cycle, and was originally developed under the name World of Wonders. In 1997, the team scrapped its existing work and restarted development, which resulted in Age of Wonders.

The game won positive reviews and was a moderate commercial success, with global sales of roughly 200,000 units by 2001. It began a franchise and was followed by five sequels: Age of Wonders II: The Wizard's Throne, Age of Wonders: Shadow Magic, Age of Wonders III, Age of Wonders: Planetfall, and Age of Wonders 4. In 2010, the first game was re-released on GOG.com and Steam.

Age of Wonders: Planetfall
Age of Wonders: Planetfall is a 4X turn-based strategy video game developed by Triumph Studios and published by Paradox Interactive. Planetfall is the fifth Age of Wonders game and a spin-off due to the sci-fi setting. It was released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in August 2019 and for macOS in May 2020.
American Oaks
The American Oaks is a Grade I American thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over a distance of one and one-quarter miles on the turf held annually in late December Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California, United States.  The event currently offers a purse of US$300,000.

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
Yasuda / Fuji Bank
The Yasuda Bank (Japanese: 安田銀行) from 1880 to 1948, then Fuji Bank (富士銀行) from 1948 to 2000, was one of the largest Japanese banks for much of the 20th century, together with Dai-Ichi Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Mitsui Bank, and Sumitomo Bank. It was the main bank of the Yasuda zaibatsu until World War II, and afterwards of the Fuyo Group.

The Fuji Bank combined with Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank and the Industrial Bank of Japan in 2000 to form Mizuho Financial Group, and changed its name to Mizuho Corporate Bank in 2002 after transferring its retail banking operations to Mizuho Bank.

The Sumitomo Bank
The Sumitomo Bank, Limited (株式会社住友銀行, Kabushiki-gaisha Sumitomo Ginkō) was a major Japanese bank, founded 1895 in Osaka and a central component of the Sumitomo Group. For much of the 20th century it was one of the largest Japanese banks, together with Dai-Ichi Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Mitsui Bank, and Yasuda / Fuji Bank. In 1948, it was renamed Osaka Bank, but reverted to Sumitomo Bank in 1952.

On 1 April 2001, Sumitomo Bank merged with Sakura Bank to form Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation.
John Graham Kerr
Sir John Graham Kerr FRS FRSE FLS FZS (18 September 1869 – 21 April 1957), known to his friends as Graham Kerr, was a British embryologist and Unionist Member of Parliament (MP). He is best known for his studies of the embryology of lungfishes. He was involved in ship camouflage in the First World War, and through his pupil Hugh B. Cott influenced military camouflage thinking in the Second World War also.

Hugh B. Cott
Hugh Bamford Cott (6 July 1900 – 18 April 1987) was a British zoologist, an authority on both natural and military camouflage, and a scientific illustrator and photographer. Many of his field studies took place in Africa, where he was especially interested in the Nile crocodile, the evolution of pattern and colour in animals. During the Second World War, Cott worked as a camouflage expert for the British Army and helped to influence War Office policy on camouflage. His book Adaptive Coloration in Animals (1940), popular among serving soldiers, was the major textbook on camouflage in zoology of the twentieth century. After the war, he became a Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge. As a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London, he undertook expeditions to Africa and the Amazon to collect specimens, mainly reptiles and amphibians.
Esports Integrity Commission
The Esports Integrity Commission (ESIC), formerly the Esports Integrity Coalition, is a non-profit members' association established in 2016 to promote and facilitate competitive integrity in esports. Notable for investigating the coaching bug scandal in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, the organization has received criticisms for a lack of resources and game knowledge.

Counter-Strike coaching bug scandal
The Counter-Strike coaching bug scandal was a bug abuse scandal in the game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. The bug had multiple variants, all of which allowed team coaches to see parts of the map they normally would not have access to and gather information about the enemy team.

It was first made public on 26 August 2020 by Wisła Kraków coach Mariusz "Loord" Cybulski. Five days later, three coaches were banned by Esports Integrity Commission (ESIC) for exploiting the bug. ESIC launched an investigation on 4 September and on 28 September, ESIC banned a further 34 coaches after reviewing 20% of the demos. On 5 May 2022, ESIC announced that almost 100 coaches were going to be sanctioned as they neared the completion of the final investigation.

Valve Corporation, the developer of the game, announced on 26 August 2020 that they had fixed the bug.
SSX Blur
SSX Blur is a snowboarding and skiing video game, published by Electronic Arts under the EA Sports BIG label and developed by EA Montreal for the Wii. It is the fifth installment in the SSX series. The game was released in the United States on February 27, 2007. The soundtrack was created by Tom Holkenborg. It is a prequel to SSX on Tour, putting it in the timeline between SSX 3 and SSX on Tour. It is the last game in the series to have the EA Sports BIG branding, as the final installment of SSX would use the standard EA Sports branding instead.

SSX on Tour
SSX on Tour is a 2005 sports video game developed by EA Canada and published by Electronic Arts under the EA Sports BIG label for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and PlayStation Portable. It is the fourth title in the SSX series.

The GameCube version features cameos from the Mario series under a collaboration with Nintendo. The game was followed in 2007 by a prequel titled SSX Blur.