hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clapham Common
Clapham Common is a large triangular urban park in Clapham, south London, England. Originally common land for the parishes of Battersea and Clapham, it was converted to parkland under the terms of the Metropolitan Commons Act 1878. It is 220 acres (89 hectares) of green space, with three ponds and a Victorian bandstand. It is overlooked by large Georgian and Victorian mansions and nearby Clapham Old Town.

Holy Trinity Clapham, an 18th-century Georgian church overlooking the park, is important in the history of the evangelical Clapham Sect. Half of the park is within the London Borough of Wandsworth, and the other half is within the London Borough of Lambeth.

Clapham Sect
The Clapham Sect, or Clapham Saints, were a group of social reformers associated with Holy Trinity Clapham  in the period from the 1780s to the 1840s. Despite the label "sect", most members remained in the established (and dominant) Church of England, which was highly interwoven with offices of state.
Tamara Todevska
Tamara Todevska (Macedonian: Тамара Тодевска, pronounced [ˈtamara ˈtɔdɛvska] ⓘ, born 1 June 1985), known professionally as Tamara, is a Macedonian singer. She has represented North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest on two occasions; in 2008, she performed the song "Let Me Love You" with Vrčak and Adrian Gaxha and failed to qualify for the final, performing, and in 2019, she placed seventh in the final with the song "Proud", earning North Macedonia its best-ever result in the contest.

Tamara began her music career in 2003 following the release of her debut studio album Sino. She has won on various music competitions throughout her career such as MAKFest in 2006 and Skopje Fest in 2007.

Todevska is the younger sister of singer Tijana Dapčević, and they have collaborated several times.

Tijana Dapčević
Tijana Dapčević (née Todevska; Macedonian: Тијана Дапчевиќ, née Тодевска, Serbian Cyrillic: Тијана Дапчевић, née Тодевска, pronounced [tǐjana dâptʃeʋitɕ]; born 3 February 1976) is a Macedonian and Serbian singer. In addition to her music career, Dapčević has also launched a career in acting.

She played the character of German-Macedonian Ula Buzalevska, one of the leading roles in Macedonian TV show  Prespav in the period between 2017 and 2024.
Pseudomalachite
Pseudomalachite is a phosphate of copper with hydroxyl, named from the Greek for "false" and "malachite", because of its similarity in appearance to the carbonate mineral malachite, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. Both are green coloured secondary minerals found in oxidised zones of copper deposits, often associated with each other. Pseudomalachite is polymorphous with reichenbachite and ludjibaite. It was discovered in 1813.
Prior to 1950 it was thought that dihydrite, lunnite, ehlite, tagilite and prasin were separate mineral species, but Berry analysed specimens labelled with these names from several museums, and found that they were in fact pseudomalachite. The old names are no longer recognised by the IMA.

Malachite
Malachite (/ˈmæl.əˌkaɪt/) is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2. This opaque, green-banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in fractures and deep, underground spaces, where the water table and hydrothermal fluids provide the means for chemical precipitation. Individual crystals are rare, but occur as slender to acicular prisms. Pseudomorphs after more tabular or blocky azurite crystals also occur.
Roasting jack
A roasting jack is a machine which rotates meat roasting on a spit. It can also be called a spit jack, a spit engine or a turnspit, although this name can also refer to a human turning the spit, or a turnspit dog.  Cooking meat on a spit dates back at least to the 1st century BC, but at first spits were turned by human power.  In Britain, starting in the Tudor period, dog-powered turnspits were used; the dog ran in a treadmill linked to the spit by belts and pulleys.  Other forms of roasting jacks included the steam jack, driven by steam, the smoke jack, driven by hot gas rising from the fire, and the bottle jack or clock jack, driven by weights or springs.

Rotisserie
Rotisserie, also known as spit-roasting, is a style of roasting where meat is skewered on a spit – a long, solid rod used to hold food while it is being cooked over a fire in a fireplace or over a campfire, or roasted in an oven. This method is generally used for cooking large joints of meat or entire animals, such as pigs, chickens or turkeys. The rotation cooks the meat evenly in its own juices and allows easy access for continuous basting.
Tennessee State Route 452
State Route 452 (SR 452), also known as Bill France Boulevard, is a west–east state highway that runs along the border between Rutherford and Wilson counties in the middle part of the U.S. state of Tennessee.

It is primarily a service road for the Nashville Superspeedway, connecting I-840 with US 231/SR 10.

The route is named after NASCAR founder Bill France.

Tennessee State Route 10
State Route 10 (SR 10) is a south–north route from the Alabama state line in Lincoln County to the Kentucky state line in Macon County.

For most of the highway's length, it is an unsigned designation for US 231.
EZchip Semiconductor
EZchip Semiconductor Ltd. was a publicly traded fabless semiconductor company, headquartered in Yokneam, Israel, that developed and marketed Ethernet network processors. It was acquired by Mellanox Technologies in 2016.

Mellanox Technologies
Mellanox Technologies Ltd. (Hebrew: מלאנוקס טכנולוגיות בע"מ) was an Israeli-American multinational supplier of computer networking products based on InfiniBand and Ethernet technology. Mellanox offered adapters, switches, software, cables and silicon for markets including high-performance computing, data centers, cloud computing, computer data storage and financial services.

On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced its intent to acquire the company for $6.9 billion. The deal closed on April 27, 2020, with approval from the EU, U.S. and Chinese antitrust authorities.

The company was integrated into Nvidia's networking division in 2020 and Nvidia stopped using the brand name "Mellanox" for its new networking products.
Minorities in Iraq
Minorities in Iraq have been incredibly influential to the history of the country, and consist of various ethnic and religious groups. The largest minority group in Iraq is the Kurds, with Turkmen following shortly after. Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Assyrians constituted a sizeable population of 1.5 million, and belonged to various different churches such as the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, and the Syriac Orthodox/Catholic Churches. Other minority groups in Iraq include Armenians, Mandaeans, Baha'i, and Marsh Arabs, among others.

Iraqi Turkmens
The Iraqi Turkmens (Turkish: Irak Türkmenleri, عراق تورکمنلری; Arabic: تركمان العراق), also referred to as Iraqi Turks, (Turkish: Irak Türkleri, عراق توركلری; Arabic: أتراك العراق) are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq. Their traditional homeland is in northern Iraq, with Kirkuk considered by them as their capital. They have close cultural ties with Turkey, and are closely related to Syrian Turkmen. Iraqi Turkmens in Iraq do not identify with the traditionally-nomadic Turkmens of Central Asia.
Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.

Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China, and continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages.

This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format.

Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "prophecies" in the 16th century.

There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are ABAA, AAAA, ABAB, and ABBA.

Rhyme scheme
A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme; lines designated with the same letter all rhyme with each other.

An example of the ABAB rhyming scheme, from "To Anthea, who may Command him Anything", by Robert Herrick:
Ontario Highway 115
King's Highway 115, commonly referred to as Highway 115, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects Peterborough with Toronto via Highway 401. The highway begins at a junction with Highway 401 southwest of Newcastle and ends at an at-grade intersection with Highway 7 east of Peterborough.

Highway 115 is part of the Algonquin Trail and is concurrent with Highway 35 from its southern terminus in Clarington to Enterprise Hill, where it veers towards Peterborough and Highway 35 continues north into the Kawarthas. It is also part of the Trans-Canada Highway from the interchange with Highway 7 south of Springville, Ontario to the northern terminus of the highway. Highway 115 is a freeway northeast of Enterprise Hill and a right-in/right-out (RIRO) expressway south of it, featuring short ramps with abrupt right turns to and from the highway. By January 2010, exit numbers were added to the freeway section north of the Highway 35 concurrency.

Kawartha Lakes
Kawartha Lakes (2021 population: 79,247) is a single-tier municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. Though structured as a single-tier municipality, Kawartha Lakes is the size of a typical Ontario county and is mostly rural. It is the second largest single-tier municipality in Ontario by land area (after Greater Sudbury).

The main population centres are the communities of Lindsay (population: 22,367), Bobcaygeon (population: 3,576), Fenelon Falls (population: 2,490), Omemee (population: 1,060) and Woodville (population: 718).
Tigernán Ua Ruairc
Tighearnán Mór Ua Ruairc (older spelling: Tigernán Mór Ua Ruairc), anglicised as Tiernan O'Rourke (fl. 1124–1172) ruled the kingdom of Breifne as the 19th king in its Ua Ruairc (later O'Rourke) dynasty (964–1605 CE), a branch of the Uí Briúin.  As one of the provincial kings in Ireland in the twelfth century, he constantly expanded his kingdom through shifting alliances, of which the most long-standing was with Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair King of Connacht and High King of Ireland, and subsequently his son and successor Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair. He is known for his role in the expulsion of Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster, from Ireland in 1166. Mac Murchada's subsequent recruitment of Marcher Lords to assist him in the recovery of his Kingdom of Leinster ultimately led to the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland.

Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair
Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (Modern Irish: Ruairí Ó Conchúir; anglicised as Rory O'Conor) (c. 1116 – 2 December 1198) was King of Connacht from 1156 to 1186, and High King of Ireland from 1166 to 1198. He was the last High King of Ireland before the Anglo-Norman invasion.

Ruaidrí was one of over twenty sons of King Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (1088–1156). He and his sister Mór were Tairrdelbach's only children from his third wife, Cailech Dé Ní Eidin of Aidhne.
Fran Striker
Francis Hamilton Striker (August 19, 1903 – September 4, 1962) was an American writer for radio and comics, best known for creating the characters the Lone Ranger, the Green Hornet, and Sgt. Preston of the Yukon.

Green Hornet
The Green Hornet is a superhero created in 1936 by George W. Trendle and Fran Striker, with input from radio director James Jewell.

Since his 1930s radio debut, the character has appeared in numerous serialized dramas in a wide variety of media. The Green Hornet appeared in film serials in the 1940s, The Green Hornet television series in the 1960s, (which costarred Bruce Lee in his first adult role), multiple comic book series from the 1940s onwards, and a film in 2011.

The franchise is owned by Green Hornet, Inc., which licenses the property across a wide variety of media that includes comics, films, TV shows, radio and books. As of the 2010s, the comic-book rights are licensed to Dynamite Entertainment.
Chitauri
The Chitauri (/tʃɪˈtaʊri/) are a fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, specifically in the Ultimate Marvel universe (Earth-1610). They were created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch in place of the Skrulls, who play a similar role in the mainstream continuity of Earth-616. The species first appeared in Ultimates #8 (November 2002).

The species was also adapted to other media, most notably for films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The MCU incarnation of the species inspired the version that appeared in Earth-616 continuity beginning with the series Nova (2013).

Ultimates
The Ultimates is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and created by writer Mark Millar and artist Bryan Hitch, which first started publication from The Ultimates #1 (cover date March 2002), as part of the company's Ultimate Marvel imprint. The series is a modernized re-imagining of Marvel's long-running Avengers comic-book franchise, centering around a task-force of super-humans and special agents organized by the U.S. government to combat growing threats to the world. The tale chronicles their progress as they bond and slowly learn to work together, despite their differing natures and personalities.
Limbing
Limbing or delimbing is the process of removing branches from a standing or fallen tree trunk.

In logging, limbing follows felling.
Limbing plays a role in fire prevention by removing branches from live trees that can otherwise serve as part of a fuel ladder allowing a fire to climb from the ground into the tree canopy.  A California fire prevention guide recommends to "Remove all tree branches at least 6 feet [1.8 meters] from the ground" and "Allow extra vertical space between shrubs and trees."

In British English, limbing can be synonymous with snedding.  Alternatively, limbing can be used to describe the operation on larger branches, and snedding on smaller.

Felling
Felling is the process of cutting down trees, an element of the task of logging. The person cutting the trees is a lumberjack.  A feller buncher is a machine capable of felling a single large tree or grouping and felling several small ones simultaneously.
Interstate 220 (Mississippi)
Interstate 220 (I-220) in Mississippi is a loop around Jackson that provides an Interstate connection for I-55 and I-20. The northern terminus for the route is in the suburb of Ridgeland, at exit 104 on I-55. The highway was Mississippi's first auxiliary Interstate, complete by 1981.

Traffic heading to and from the city's western side can use this route. By avoiding Downtown Jackson, it also offers a different route for those traveling from I-55 south to I-20 west and from I-20 east to I-55 north.

The southern terminus for the route is in western Jackson at I-20, exit 41. The route is 12 miles (19 km) long. Although control cities of North Jackson and West Jackson are used at the southern and northern terminuses, respectively, no control cities are used along the interior length of the route (including guide signs at interchanges). Secondary signs at the terminuses direct drivers to use the route as a shortcut to Memphis, Tennessee, and Vicksburg.

Interstate 20 in Mississippi
Interstate 20 (I-20) is a major thoroughfare through the central region of the US state of Mississippi. Spanning 154.5 miles (248.6 km), it connects Jackson and I-55 with Vicksburg and the Mississippi River in the west and Meridian and I-59 in the east.
Greene Formation
Greene Formation is a geologic formation located in Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania that has been dated to the Seymouran Land-Vertebrate Faunachron of the Early Permian. It is the youngest formation within the Dunkard Group, putting it right above the Washington Formation stereographically.

Dunkard Group
The Permian Dunkard Group (Pd) is an area of rock, Early Permian in age, in the south of Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania, West Virginia and the hilltops of the Georges Creek Basin of Maryland. In Ohio, it is found primarily in Washington County. It is notable for being one of the few areas of Permian sediment east of the Mississippi River. In addition, it is the youngest surface rock in the state of Ohio.
Cape Qualified Franchise
The Cape Qualified Franchise was the system of multi-racial franchise that was adhered to in the Cape Colony, and in the Cape Province in the early years of the Union of South Africa. Qualifications for the right to vote at parliamentary elections were applied equally to all men, regardless of race.

This local system of multi-racial suffrage was later gradually restricted, and eventually abolished, under various National Party and United Party governments. In 1930 white women were enfranchised, and in 1931 property qualifications for white voters were removed. In 1936 black voters were then removed from the common voters' rolls and allowed only to elect separate members in 1936, and subsequently denied all representation in the House of Assembly in 1960. Coloured voters similarly followed in 1958 and 1970, respectively.

Coloured vote constitutional crisis
The Coloured vote constitutional crisis, also known as the Coloured vote case, was a constitutional crisis that occurred in the Union of South Africa during the 1950s as the result of an attempt by the Nationalist government to remove coloured voters in the Union's Cape Province from the common voters' rolls. It developed into a dispute between the judiciary (in particular the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court) and the other branches of government (Parliament and the executive) over the power of Parliament to amend an entrenched clause in the South Africa Act 1909 (the constitution) and the power of the Appellate Division to overturn the amendment as unconstitutional. The crisis ended when the government enlarged the Senate and altered its method of election, allowing the amendment to be successfully enacted.
Weser-Ems Halle
Weser-Ems-Halle is a multi-purpose hall and arena complex with eight halls including the large Große EWE Arena, the small Kleine EWE Arena, the Kongresshalle and the Halle 3, or Messehalle. It is located in Oldenburg, Germany. The seating capacity of the venue is 6,069, for basketball games (at the Große EWE Arena). The venue can host music concerts, sports events, congresses, and conferences.

Große EWE Arena
53°08′49″N 8°13′36″E﻿ / ﻿53.14694°N 8.22667°E﻿ / 53.14694; 8.22667

Große EWE Arena, or Grosse EWE Arena, (English: Large EWE Arena) is a dual indoor sporting arena complex in Oldenburg, Germany. It is a part of the Weser-Ems Halle multi-sporting complex, which contains two main sports arena halls, the small Kleine EWE Arena, and the large Große EWE Arena. The facility's name comes from a sponsorship arrangement with the German energy and telecommunications company EWE.

The Große EWE arena has a seating capacity of 8,000 for concerts, 7,396 for boxing matches, 6,200 for basketball games, 5,532 for handball games, and 4,228 for equestrian competitions.

It is the home arena of the professional basketball team EWE Baskets Oldenburg, of the German League.
Shar-Kali-Sharri
Shar-Kali-Sharri (𒀭𒊬𒂵𒉌 𒈗𒌷, DShar-ka-li-Sharri; died c. 2193 BC) reigned c. 2218–2193 BC (middle chronology) as the ruler of Akkad. In the early days of cuneiform scholarship the name was transcribed as "Shar-Gani-sharri". In the 1870s, Assyriologists thought Shar-Kali-Sharri was identical with the Sargon of Akkad, first ruler of Akkad, but this identification was recognized as mistaken in the 1910s. His name was sometimes written with the leading Dingir sign demarking deification and sometimes without it. Clearly at some point he was deified and two of his designations marked his divine status, "heroic god of Akkade", and "god of the land of Warium". He was the son and successor of Naram-Sin who deified himself during his lifetime.

Naram-Sin of Akkad
Naram-Sin, also transcribed Narām-Sîn or Naram-Suen (Akkadian: 𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪: DNa-ra-am DSîn, meaning "Beloved of the Moon God Sîn", the "𒀭" a determinative marking the name of a god; died c. 2218 BC), was a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned c. 2255–2218 BC (middle chronology), and was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the empire reached its maximum extent. He was the first Mesopotamian king known to have claimed divinity for himself, taking the title "God of Akkad", and the first to claim the title "King of the Four Quarters". His military strength was strong as he crushed revolts and expanded the empire to places like Turkey and Iran. He became the patron city god of Akkade as Enlil was in Nippur. His enduring fame resulted in later rulers, Naram-Sin of Eshnunna and Naram-Sin of Assyria as well as Naram-Sin of Uruk, assuming the name.
Serrasalmus geryi
Serrasalmus geryi, known as the violet line piranha or Gery's piranha, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Serrasalmidae, which includes the pacus, piranhas and related fishes. It is found in the lower Tocantins and Araguaia Rivers of Brazil.

The species is notable for being one of only the members of the genus Serrasalmus that can coexist with others of the same species in captivity; however, caution is advised.

Gery's piranha reaches sizes up to 12 inches in length.

As of 2018, it is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Serrasalmus
Serrasalmus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Serrasalmidae, which includes the pacus, piranhas and related fishes. They are collectively known as pirambebas; the "typical" piranhas like the piraya piranha are nowadays placed in Pygocentrus. Like all piranhas, Serrasalmus are native to South America.

One species, S. humeralis, was able to temporarily establish a breeding population in Florida before being eradicated in 1981.
Vertical Kilometer World Circuit
The Vertical Kilometer World Circuit was an annual international circuit of vertical kilometer (a skyrunning discipline) run between 2017 and 2019 as a spin-off of Skyrunner World Series. In its final season in 2019, the circuit featured eighteen races across Europe, Asia, and the Americas, highlighting the growing global reach of vertical kilometer competitions before the series was discontinued.

Skyrunner World Series
The Skyrunner World Series is an annual international championship of skyrunning (high altitude endurance races) and the official International Skyrunning Federation (ISF) race circuit for mountain running. Each year the Skyrunner World Series presents a global Sky Racing calendar, attracting mountain running athletes from almost every country.