hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacob C. White Jr.
Jacob C. White Jr. (1837 – November 11, 1902) was an American educator, intellectual, and civil rights activist. Born to a successful and influential businessman, White received the finest education afforded to African Americans of the time and became intertwined in the dealings of Philadelphia's most prominent black leaders. He was the first black man in the city to be appointed as a school principal at Roberts Vaux Consolidated School. During his tenure between 1864 and 1896, White reformed the institute and became the leading figure in the field of urban education in Philadelphia.

Alongside his academic endeavors, White was significant in the sports field: he helped establish the Philadelphia Pythians, an early black baseball club. Following the shooting of his friend and fellow activist Octavius Catto in 1871, White became the top civil rights activist in the city, and remained active in the community until his death in 1902.

Octavius Catto
Octavius Valentine Catto (February 22, 1839 – October 10, 1871) was an American educator, intellectual, and civil rights activist. He became principal of male students at the Institute for Colored Youth, where he had also been educated. Born free in Charleston, South Carolina, in a prominent mixed-race family, he moved north as a boy with his family. After completing his education, he went into teaching, and became active in civil rights. He also became known as a top cricket and baseball player in 19th-century Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He helped organize and played for the Philadelphia Pythians baseball team. He was shot and killed on election-day in Philadelphia, where ethnic Irish of the Democratic Party, who were anti-Reconstruction and had opposed black suffrage, attacked black men to prevent their voting.
Horrem station
Horrem station is a station in the Kerpen district of Horrem in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a railway junction of the Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway and the Erft Railway (Horrem–Bedburg, connecting with Neuss). The triangular station of Horrem is served by regional services and by S-Bahn trains of the Cologne S-Bahn. Long-distance trains run through on the high-speed line without stopping. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station.

Erft Railway
Bedburg–Horrem railway (also known in German as the Erftbahn—Erft Railway) is a line in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The non-electrified main line was originally built as a line of the Bergheim District Railway and operated as a metre gauge railway. Later, the line was converted to standard gauge.

The Erft Railway is listed as table 481 of the German railway timetable. It is served only by the Erftbahn Regionalbahn service.
Lexington Avenue explosion
The Lexington Avenue explosion was the July 4, 1914, explosion of a terrorist bomb in an apartment at 1626 Lexington Avenue in New York City. Members of the Lettish section of the Anarchist Black Cross (ABC) were constructing a bomb in a seven-story tenement when the group's large supply of dynamite exploded prematurely. The blast destroyed most of the top three floors of the building, killing three conspirators and another renter who was not part of the bomb plot, as well as injuring dozens more.

Propaganda of the deed
Propaganda of the deed, or propaganda by the deed, is a type of direct action intended to influence public opinion. The action itself is meant to serve as an example for others to follow, acting as a catalyst for social revolution.

It is primarily associated with acts of violence perpetrated by proponents of insurrectionary anarchism in the late 19th and early 20th century, including bombings and assassinations aimed at the state, the ruling class in a spirit of anti-capitalism, and church arsons targeting religious groups, even though propaganda of the deed also had non-violent applications. These acts of terrorism were intended to ignite a "spirit of revolt" by demonstrating the state, the middle and upper classes, and religious organizations were not omnipotent as well as to provoke the State to become escalatingly repressive in its response. The 1881 London Social Revolutionary Congress gave the tactic its approval.
Loretta Rogers
Loretta Anne Rogers (née Robinson; April 13, 1939 – June 11, 2022) was an English-born Canadian businesswoman and philanthropist who was a director of Rogers Communications. She was the wife of Ted Rogers, the company's founding president and CEO. In 2015, Forbes estimated her net worth at US$5.5 billion.

Edward S. Rogers Jr.
Edward Samuel "Ted" Rogers Jr., OC (May 27, 1933 – December 2, 2008) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist who served as the president and CEO of Rogers Communications. He was the fifth-richest person in Canada in terms of net worth.
46th Battalion (Australia)
The 46th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Originally raised in 1916 for service during the First World War, the battalion served on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919. It was re-raised as a part-time unit of the Citizens Forces in 1921 and in 1927 adopted the title of the "Brighton Rifles", before becoming part of the Militia in 1929. During the Second World War the 46th served in a garrison role before being amalgamated with the 29th Battalion in August 1942 to form the 29th/46th Battalion.

29th Battalion (Australia)
The 29th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. First formed in 1915 for service during the First World War as part of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), it fought in the trenches of the Western Front in France and Belgium before being disbanded in late 1918 to provide reinforcements for other heavily depleted Australian units. In 1921, following the demobilisation of the AIF, the battalion was re-raised as a unit of Australia's part-time military forces, based in Melbourne, Victoria, before being amalgamated with the 22nd Battalion in 1930. It was later re-raised in its own right and, following the outbreak of the Second World War,  undertook garrison duties in Australia before being amalgamated with the 46th Battalion to form the 29th/46th Battalion in late 1942, subsequently seeing service against the Japanese in New Guinea and on New Britain.
Palić
Palić (Serbian Cyrillic: Палић; Hungarian: Palics; German: Palitsch) is a town located in the administrative area of the City of Subotica, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina, Serbia,18 kilometres (11 mi) from the border between Serbia and Hungary. The town has a population of 5,476 inhabitants (2022 census).

Many tourists come to Palić every year because of the Lake Palić and spa. There are over 450 guest houses and a five-star hotel. It is known for its Palić European Film Festival which takes place every summer.

Lake Palić
Lake Palić (Serbian: Палићко језеро, romanized: Palićko jezero; Hungarian: Palicsi-tó) is a lake 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Subotica, near the town of Palić, in Serbia. It covers an area of 3.8 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi). The average depth of the lake is 2 metres (6 ft 7 in). With the surrounding area it forms the protected Nature Park Palić, which covers 7.25 square kilometres (2.80 sq mi).
Ranga Panchami
Ranga Panchami (Sanskrit: रंगपंचमी, romanized: Raṅgapañcamī) is a Hindu festival celebrated on the [[Chaitra] Krishna Paksha Panchami, which is the fifth day of the second fortnight of the Hindu month of Phalguna. It is marked on the fifth day following the festival of Holi.

During Ranga Panchami, people sprinkle or smear colored powder on each other, similar to Holi. However, unlike Holi, on Ranga Panchami, people also splash colored water on each other. The festival is believed to have originated in Maharashtra and is also known as Shimga. In some places, people make small processions carrying an image of a deity, and the procession ends with the immersion of the deity in a nearby river or pond.

Ranga Panchami is a popular festival in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka.

Holi
Holi (IPA: ['hoːli:, hoːɭiː]) is a major Hindu festival celebrated as the Festival of Colours, Love and Spring.
It celebrates the eternal and divine love of the deities Radha and Krishna.
Additionally, the day signifies the triumph of good over evil, as it commemorates the victory of Vishnu as Narasimha over Hiranyakashipu. 
Holi originated and is predominantly celebrated in the Indian subcontinent, but has also spread to other regions of Asia and parts of the Western world through the Indian diaspora.

Holi also celebrates the arrival of spring in India, the end of winter, and the blossoming of love. It is also an invocation for a good spring harvest season. It lasts for a night and a day, starting on the evening of the Purnima (full moon day) falling on the Hindu calendar month of Phalguna, which falls around the middle of March in the Gregorian calendar.
Francesco Farnese
Francesco Farnese (19 May 1678 – 26 February 1727) reigned as the seventh Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1694 until his death. He was the second son of Ranuccio II Farnese and Maria d'Este of Modena. His marriage to Dorothea Sophia of the Palatinate, his brother Odoardo's widow, was undertaken in order to avoid the return of her dowry.

Francesco curtailed court expenditure, which had been enormous under his father and predecessor, Ranuccio II, and sought to prevent the occupation of his Duchy of Parma, nominally a Papal fief, during the War of the Spanish Succession. However, despite his efforts otherwise, Duke Francesco saw Parma declared a fief of the Duchy of Milan, an Austrian province in Italy, towards the end of the war. His inability to produce offspring, combined with his brother Antonio's barrenness, led to the accession of his niece the Queen of Spain's eldest son, Don Carlos, in 1731.

Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma
Odoardo Farnese (12 August 1666 – 6 September 1693) was the eldest son of Duke Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza. Odoardo was the Hereditary Prince of Parma from his birth until his death. He was the father of the famously domineering Elisabeth, Queen of Spain.
Meghri (river)
The Meghri (Armenian: Մեղրի, pronounced [mɛɣˈɾi], also known as the Meghriget) is a tributary of the Aras River in the Syunik Province of southern Armenia. It descends steeply through the province, stretching 36 kilometres (22 mi) in length from its headwaters at Blue Lake to its confluence with the Aras, as a left tributary, south of the town of Meghri.

Aras (river)
The Aras is a transboundary river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and, finally, through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river as a right tributary. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus. The river's total length is 1,072 km (666 mi) and its watershed covers an area of 102,000 km2 (39,000 mi2). The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus.
UCL Department of Economics
The UCL Department of Economics is one of nine Departments and Institutes within the Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences at University College London. It is the oldest department of economics in England and is research-intensive, currently headed by Professor Fabien Postel-Vinay.

UCL Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences
The UCL Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences is one of the 11 constituent faculties of University College London (UCL). The current Executive Dean of the Faculty is Professor Nick Witham, having been appointed from September 2024.
Yelü Lihu
Yelü Lihu (911–960), courtesy name Xiyin, also known as Honggu and as Emperor Zhangsu,  was an imperial prince of the Khitan Liao dynasty. As the third son of Liao's founding emperor Emperor Taizu (Yelü Abaoji) and his wife Empress Shulü Ping, Yelü Lihu served as crown prince during the reign of his older brother Emperor Taizong (Yelü Deguang), who was their second son, as Empress Shulü wanted him to be emperor after Emperor Taizong.  However, after Emperor Taizong's death, their older brother Yelü Bei's son Yelü Ruan was able to defeat Yelü Lihu in battle and take the throne.  Yelü Lihu was placed under house arrest and then imprisoned, dying in captivity.

Shulü Ping
Shulü Ping (Chinese: 述律平; 19 October 879 – 1 August 953), nickname Yueliduo (月里朵), formally Empress Yingtian (simplified Chinese: 应天皇后; traditional Chinese: 應天皇后) also known as Empress Di (地皇后) during the reign of her husband Emperor Taizu of Liao (Yelü Abaoji), posthumous name initially Empress Zhenlie (貞烈皇后, "the virtuous and achieving empress") then Empress Chunqin (淳欽皇后, "the pure and honoured empress") was an empress of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China. After Emperor Taizu's death in 926, she served as empress dowager until her death in 953. She was directly involved in two imperial successions and is credited with changing expectations of widows in Khitan society.
Nanakuma Line
The Nanakuma Line (七隈線, Nanakuma-sen) is a subway line, part of the Fukuoka City Subway system in Fukuoka, Japan. It runs from Hashimoto Station in Nishi Ward to Hakata Station in Hakata Ward, all within Fukuoka. The line's color on maps is green. Officially, the line is called Line 3 (Nanakuma Line) (3号線(七隈線), San-gō-sen (Nanakuma-sen)). Like other lines on the subway system, stations are equipped with automatic platform gates, and trains are automatically operated by an ATO system.

Hakata Station
Hakata Station (Japanese: 博多駅, Hepburn: Hakata-eki) is a major railway station in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It is the largest and busiest railway terminal in Kyushu, and is a gateway to other cities in Kyushu for travelers coming from Honshu by rail travel. The San'yō Shinkansen from Osaka ends at this station.

The station was rebuilt in 2011. The main building was demolished and a new, larger station building, as well as office buildings and new platforms, was constructed. The station reconstruction project was initiated specifically for the Kyushu Shinkansen extension from Hakata to Shin-Yatsushiro Station which continues southward through its existing route to Kagoshima-Chūō Station. The new station building has a Hankyu Department Store, its first branch store in Kyushu, as a tenant, as well as other first-in-Kyushu branch retailers including Tokyu Hands.
BMO Training Ground
BMO Training Ground is the practice facility of Toronto FC of Major League Soccer (MLS) and its minor league reserve team Toronto FC II of MLS Next Pro, and the home of the TFC Academy of MLS Next.  The facility, which opened in 2012 and features a stadium with 1000 seats, is located at Downsview Park, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Toronto FC II
Toronto FC II is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Toronto, Ontario, that competes in MLS Next Pro, a third tier league of the United States soccer league system. It is the reserve team and minor league affiliate of Toronto FC as well as in partnership with Toronto FC Academy.
Sittwe Port
Sittwe Port is a deepwater port constructed by India in 2016 at Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine State in Myanmar, on the Bay of Bengal. Situated at the mouth of the Kaladan River, the US$120 Million port is being financed by India as a part of the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project, a collaboration between India and Myanmar. The project is aimed at developing transport infrastructure in Southwestern Myanmar and Northeastern India.

Kaladan River
The Kaladan (Burmese: ကုလားတန်မြစ်, pronounced [kəládàɰ̃ mjɪʔ]) or Kissapanadi River (Burmese: ကစ္ဆပနဒီ, Kacchapanadī), also known as the Beino, Bawinu and Kolodyne, is a river in the eastern Mizoram State of India, and in Chin State and Rakhine State of western Myanmar. The Kaladan River is called the Chhimtuipui River in India. It forms the international border between India and Myanmar between 22° 47′ 10" N (where its tributary, the Tiau River, joins it) and 22° 11′ 06" N.
Västerort
Västerort (sometimes translated to West Stockholm)  is the western part of  Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. It also forms part of Stockholm urban area and of Stockholm Metropolitan Area. It constitutes the western suburban area within Stockholm's municipal borders.

The eastern part of Västerort was incorporated by the City of Stockholm in 1916 and the western part in 1949.

Since 2007, Västerort is organized into four stadsdelsområden (sometimes translated to boroughs): Bromma, Hässelby-Vällingby, Rinkeby-Kista, and Spånga-Tensta.

Before 2007, it was organized into five boroughs: Bromma borough, Hässelby-Vällingby borough, Kista borough, Rinkeby borough and Spånga-Tensta borough.

Spånga-Tensta
Spånga-Tensta was a borough (stadsdelsområde) located in Västerort in the western part of Stockholm, Sweden. The districts that make up the borough are Bromsten, Flysta, Lunda, Solhem, Sundby and Tensta. A large portion of Järvafältet is also located in Spånga-Tensta as well as in the districts of Akalla  and Husby in  neighboring Rinkeby-Kista borough.

The borough includes of the  community of Spånga.  The population as of 2004 is 34,448 on an area of 12.85 km2, which gives a density of 2,680.78/km2.
Langvassåga
Langvassåga is a river that flows out of the lake Langvatnet in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It flows in a southeastern direction and almost immediately, it is joined by the river Røvassåga. It then continues a short distance southwards before joining the main river Ranelva, just south of the village of Røssvoll. The Langvassåga catchment area covers about 1,114 square kilometres (430 sq mi). The river passes by the Mo i Rana Airport, Røssvoll.

Ranelva
Ranelva is a 130-kilometre (81 mi) long river in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is one of the longest rivers in Nordland county.  The catchment area of the river is 3,790 square kilometres (1,460 sq mi). Before the power stations of Reinforsen (1925) and Langvatnet (1964) were built, the catchment area was 3,843 square kilometres (1,484 sq mi).
Shenkursky District
Shenkursky District (Russian: Ше́нкурский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Vinogradovsky District in the north, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the east, Ustyansky District in the southeast, Velsky District in the south, Nyandomsky District in the west, and with Plesetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 11,298 square kilometers (4,362 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shenkursk. Population:  15,196 (2010 Census); 18,680 (2002 Census); 22,597 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shenkursk accounts for 37.5% of the district's total population.

Vinogradovsky District
Vinogradovsky District (Russian: Виногра́довский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Vinogradovsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Pinezhsky District in the northeast, Verkhnetoyemsky District in the southeast, Shenkursky District in the south, Plesetsky District in the southwest, the town of oblast significance of Mirny in the west, and with Kholmogorsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 12,600 square kilometers (4,900 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Bereznik. Population:  16,753 (2010 Census); 20,862 (2002 Census); 24,834 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bereznik accounts for 35.9% of the district's total population.
Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.

British Showjumping Association
British Showjumping is the Great Britain governing body for the equestrian sport of showjumping. It provides the competitors for Team GBR in international competition and sets the rules under which affiliated competitions are held. It is one of the 16 organisations which form part of the British Equestrian Federation.

In 2013, the former Olympic bronze medallist David Broome was appointed BSJA president.
Sam Barry
Justin McCarthy "Sam" Barry (December 17, 1892 – September 23, 1950) was an American collegiate coach who achieved significant accomplishments in three major sports - football, baseball, and basketball. He remains one of only three coaches to lead teams to both the Final Four and the College World Series. Barry, and four of his USC players (Jack Gardner, Alex Hannum, Tex Winter and Bill Sharman), have been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as coaches; Sharman was also inducted as a player.

Tex Winter
Morice Fredrick "Tex" Winter (February 25, 1922 – October 10, 2018) was an American basketball coach and innovator of the triangle offense, an offensive system that became the dominant force in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and resulted in 11 NBA Championships with the Chicago Bulls in the 1990s and the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2000s. He was a head coach in college basketball for 30 years before becoming an assistant coach in the NBA. He was an assistant to Phil Jackson on nine NBA championship teams with the Chicago Bulls and the Los Angeles Lakers. Winter was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011. In 2016, the NBA created the annually presented Tex Winter Assistant Coach Lifetime Impact Award in his honor.
Downtown Jacksonville
Downtown Jacksonville is the historic core and central business district (CBD) of Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It comprises the earliest area of the city to be developed and is located in its geographic center along the narrowing point of the St. Johns River.

Downtown Jacksonville is one of eight districts in the city. The other seven include: the Central Core (or Northbank), the Southbank, LaVilla, Brooklyn, the Working Waterfront, the Cathedral, the Church, and the Entertainment & Sports District. Downtown Jacksonville is the home to several major corporations, including CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, TIAA Bank, Black Knight Financial, Rayonier Advanced Materials, Interline Brands, Haskell, FIS, and Stein Mart.

LaVilla
LaVilla is a historic African American neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida and was formerly an independent city. It developed after the American Civil War and was eventually annexed to the city of Jacksonville in 1887 and is now considered part of downtown.

It was struck by the Great Fire of 1901. During its height, the area was considered "the mecca for African American culture and heritage" in Florida, particularly its northern sections. It remains primarily an African-American neighborhood. The Ritz Theatre, Richmond Hotel, and the Clara White Mission are among the historic buildings in the area. Several are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The area became a transportation hub with rail service developed by Henry Flagler and was also a cigar making center that included Greek and Syrian immigrants.