hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trinity University College
Trinity University College (Welsh: Coleg Prifysgol y Drindod) was a Church University College in Carmarthen, Wales.

The institution was founded in 1848 as the South Wales and Monmouthshire Training College, a teacher-training college. It changed its name in 1931 to Trinity College, Carmarthen; and in 2009 to Trinity University College. In 2010, it merged with the University of Wales, Lampeter to become the new University of Wales Trinity Saint David, with the Trinity site becoming the UWTSD Carmarthen Campus.

University of Wales Trinity Saint David
The University of Wales Trinity Saint David (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant) is a public university with campuses in Carmarthen, Swansea, Cardiff, Birmingham and London.

The university came into existence through the merger of the two oldest higher education institutions in Wales, the University of Wales, Lampeter (UWL) and Trinity University College (TUC) in 2010, under Lampeter's royal charter of 1828. In 2011, it was announced that the University of Wales would also merge into Trinity Saint David. On 1 August 2013 the university merged with Swansea Metropolitan University. King Charles III  has been patron of the university since 2011. The Vice-Chancellor has been Elwen Evans since June 2023.

The university also collaborated with the University of Malaya in 2013 to establish University of Malaya-Wales, a private university in Malaysia.
Braid group
In mathematics, the braid group on n strands (denoted ), also known as the Artin braid group, is the group whose elements are equivalence classes of n-braids (e.g. under ambient isotopy), and whose group operation is composition of braids (see § Introduction). Example applications of braid groups include knot theory, where any knot may be represented as the closure of certain braids (a result known as Alexander's theorem); in mathematical physics where Artin's canonical presentation of the braid group corresponds to the Yang–Baxter equation (see § Basic properties); and in monodromy invariants of algebraic geometry.

Alexander's theorem
In mathematics Alexander's theorem states that every knot or link can be represented as a closed braid; that is, a braid in which the corresponding ends of the strings are connected in pairs. The theorem is named after James Waddell Alexander II, who published a proof in 1923.

Braids were first considered as a tool of knot theory by Alexander. His theorem gives a positive answer to the question Is it always possible to transform a given knot into a closed braid? A good construction example is found in Colin Adams's book.

However, the correspondence between knots and braids is clearly not one-to-one: a knot may have many braid representations. For example, conjugate braids yield equivalent knots. This leads to a second fundamental question: Which closed braids represent the same knot type?
This question is addressed in Markov's theorem, which gives ‘moves’ relating any two closed braids that represent the same knot.
In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash
In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash is a collection of short stories by American humorist Jean Shepherd. It was first published in October 1966.

A best-seller at the time of its publication, it is considered Shepherd's most important published work. The work inspired several films in the Parker Family Saga, including A Christmas Story (1983) and My Summer Story (1994). Shepherd is the narrator in both films.

Parker Family Saga
The Parker Family Saga is a collection of American family-comedies based upon the stories of author Jean Shepherd. The stories originated on Shepherd's radio programs and in his books before being adapted into a stage play, two theatrical films, four made-for-TV films, one straight-to-home video film, one unaired pilot episode for a planned television series, one musical adaptation, one live television adaptation of that musical and one made-for-streaming film.

All of the productions in the saga center around Ralphie Parker, a child in the 1930s and 1940s in suburban Indiana, and his friends and family. Ralphie Parker was loosely based upon Shepherd's childhood. For the rest of his life, Shepherd was the first-person narrator for all productions involving the character. Shepherd publicly claimed that all of his work was entirely fictional, but the names of his own friends and family are in his books.
Mallar (poet)
Mallar (c. 11 to 13th century CE) was a Tamil poet, scholar, and commentator known for his commentary on the Thirukkural. He was among the canon of Ten Medieval Commentators of the Kural text most highly esteemed by modern scholars. His work, however, has been lost along with other four ancient commentators, namely, Dhamatthar, Nacchar, Thirumalaiyar, and Dharumar.

Similar to the commentaries by Parithiyar, Pariperumal, and Kaalingar, Mallar's commentary is believed to have been originated in the Kongu Region.

Ten Medieval Commentators
The Ten Medieval Commentators (Tamil: உரையாசிரியர்கள் பதின்மர்) were a canonical group of Tamil scholars whose commentaries on the ancient Indian didactic work of the Kural are esteemed by later scholars as worthy of critical analysis. These scholars lived in the Medieval era between the 10th and 13th centuries CE. Among these medieval commentaries, the commentaries of Manakkudavar, Kaalingar, and Parimelalhagar are considered pioneer by modern scholars.
Klang (Stockhausen)
Klang (pronounced [klaŋ]), also known as The 24 Hours of the Day (German: Die 24 Stunden des Tages) is a cycle of compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen, on which he worked from 2004 until his death in 2007. It was intended to consist of 24 chamber-music compositions, each representing one hour of the day, with a different colour systematically assigned to every hour. The cycle was unfinished when the composer died, so that the last three "hours" are lacking. The 21 completed pieces include solos, duos, trios, a septet, and Stockhausen's last entirely electronic composition, Cosmic Pulses. The fourth composition is a theatre piece for a solo percussionist, and there are also two auxiliary compositions which are not part of the main cycle. The completed works bear the work (opus) numbers 81–101.

Cosmic Pulses
Cosmic Pulses is the last electronic composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, and it is number 93 in his catalog of works. Its duration is 32 minutes. The piece has been described as "a sonic roller coaster", "a Copernican asylum", and a "tornado watch".
Wang Yuankui
Wang Yuankui (Chinese: 王元逵; 812–854), formally Duke Zhong of Taiyuan (太原忠公), was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty. Like his father Wang Tingcou, Wang Yuankui ruled Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) in de facto independence from the imperial government, but unlike Wang Tingcou, he was respectful to the imperial government and often followed its orders.

Wang Tingcou
Wang Tingcou (王廷湊 or 王庭湊; died 834), formally the Duke of Taiyuan (太原公), was a general of the Chinese Tang dynasty who, in 821, during the reign of Emperor Muzong, took over control of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) and thereafter ruled it in a de facto independent manner from the imperial government. He was said to be particularly cruel even for a warlord. After his death, his family held onto control of the circuit, even after the end of Tang dynasty, until his great-great-grandson Wang Rong was overthrown in 921 – 100 years after Wang Tingcou had initially taken over the circuit.
Calgary-Hays
Calgary-Hays is a provincial electoral district mandated to return one member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada using the first past the post method of voting.

The riding was formed in 2004, carved out of the Calgary-Shaw electoral district. The district is named after former Calgary mayor and Canadian Senator Harry Hays who represented the electoral district of Calgary South as a Member of Parliament.

In its present boundaries the electoral district covers the deep southeast corner of Calgary and includes the neighbourhoods of McKenzie Lake, McKenzie Towne, Quarry Park, Douglas Glen, and Douglasdale.

Calgary-Shaw
Calgary-Shaw is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district is one of 87 current districts mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting.

This urban riding was created from parts of Calgary-Fish Creek and Calgary-Glenmore in the 1986 boundary redistribution. It covers the central southern portion of city of Calgary, and has seen its borders change numerous times since it was created. The riding in its current boundaries contains the neighbourhoods of Shawnessy, Somerset, Silverado, Chaparral, Walden and Legacy.

The riding was named after former Liberal leader Joseph Tweed Shaw.
Sid Meier
Sidney K. Meier (/ˈmaɪər/ MIRE; born February 24, 1954) is an American businessman and computer programmer. A programmer, designer, and producer of many strategy and simulation video games, including the Civilization series, Meier co-founded MicroProse in 1982 with Bill Stealey and is the Director of Creative Development of Firaxis Games, which he co-founded with Jeff Briggs and Brian Reynolds in 1996. For his contributions to the video game industry, Meier was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame.

Jeff Briggs
Jeffery L. Briggs (born March 10, 1957) is the American founder and former president and CEO of Firaxis Games, a video game developer based in Hunt Valley, Maryland, United States. He was previously a game designer at MicroProse but left that company in 1996 along with Sid Meier and Brian Reynolds to form Firaxis Games.
Occam-π
In computer science, occam-π (or occam-pi) is the name of a variant of the programming language occam developed by the Kent Retargetable occam Compiler (KRoC) team at the University of Kent. The name reflects the introduction of elements of π-calculus (pi-calculus) into occam, especially concepts involving mobile agents (processes) and data. The language contains several extensions to occam 2.1, including:

Nested protocols

Run-time process creation

Mobile channels, data, and processes

Recursion

Protocol inheritance

Array constructors

Extended rendezvous

Occam (programming language)
Occam is a programming language which is concurrent and builds on the communicating sequential processes (CSP) process algebra, and shares many of its features. It is named after philosopher William of Ockham after whom Occam's razor is named.

Occam is an imperative procedural language (such as Pascal). It was developed by David May and others at Inmos (trademark INMOS), advised by Tony Hoare, as the native programming language for their transputer microprocessors, but implementations for other platforms are available. The most widely known version is occam 2; its programming manual was written by Steven Ericsson-Zenith and others at Inmos.
Jill Dillard
Jill Michelle Dillard (née Duggar; born May 17, 1991) is an American author and former television personality. She is known for her appearances on TLC as part of the reality television shows 19 Kids and Counting (2008–2015) and Counting On (2015–2021), and in the 2023 Amazon Prime documentary Shiny Happy People, about her upbringing within Bill Gothard's financially and sexually exploitative Institute in Basic Life Principles (IBLP) and Advanced Training Institute (ATI) organizations, for which her parents were important proselytizers. As Jill Duggar, she also co-authored a book with her sisters Jana, Jessa, and Jinger titled Growing Up Duggar: It's All About Relationships. Her second book, Counting the Cost, was released in September 2023.

Counting On
Counting On (formerly Jill & Jessa: Counting On) is an American reality television show that aired on the cable channel TLC from 2015 to 2020. A spin-off show of 19 Kids and Counting, it features the Duggar family: Jessa Seewald, Jinger Vuolo, Joy-Anna Forsyth, and fifteen of their sixteen siblings, as well as their parents Jim Bob and Michelle. The show was created in the wake of the molestation scandal concerning Josh Duggar and subsequent cancellation of 19 Kids and Counting.

The show follows the lives of the older Duggar offspring, with the early episodes focusing specifically on Jill Dillard and Jessa Seewald. After its first season, the show expanded to include the rest of the Duggar siblings and their respective families.  The series was cancelled in 2021, due to Josh Duggar's arrest for receiving and possessing child pornography.
Visual Resources Association
The Visual Resources Association (also known as VRA) is an international organization for image media professionals.

VRA was founded in 1982 by slide librarians (visual resources curators) who were members of the College Art Association (CAA), the South Eastern Art Conference (SECAC), the Art Libraries Society of North America (ARLIS/NA), and the Mid-America College Art Association (MACAA).  The association is concerned with creating, describing, and distributing digital images and other media; educating image professionals; and developing standards. It also supports research and education in visual resources, and provides educational, literary, and scientific outreach to the archival and library community and the general public.

Art Libraries Society of North America
The Art Libraries Society of North America (also known as ARLIS/NA) is an organization of approximately 1,000 art librarians, library students and visual resource professionals. The ARLIS/NA was founded in 1972.
Jaddanbai
Jaddanbai (1 April 1892 – 8 April 1949) was an Indian singer, music composer, dancer, actress, filmmaker, and one of the pioneers of Indian cinema. She along with Bibbo and Saraswati Devi were one of the first female music composers in Indian cinema. She was the mother of actor Anwar Hussain and the well-known Hindi film actress Nargis, and the maternal grandmother of Priya Dutt and Sanjay Dutt.

Anwar Hussain (actor)
Anwar Hussain (11 November 1925 – 1 January 1988) was an Indian actor and producer. He was a popular character actor from the 1940s to 1982 and acted in over 200 Bollywood films. Some of his best known roles are from  Ab Dilli Dur Nahin, Gunga Jumna (1961), Shaheed, Baharon Ke Sapne, Victoria No. 203 (1972), Chori Mera Kaam, Loafer, Gaddar, Rafoo Chakkar and Jail Yatra. He was the son of singer-turned director Jaddanbai and thus, maternal half-brother to noted actress Nargis Dutt and Akhtar Hussain.

Hussain is also known for his role in Rocky (1981) with his nephew Sanjay Dutt.
Smyrtia
Smyrtia (Greek: Σμυρτιά), is a small village of about 50 people, in the municipal unit of Lakka Souliou. It belongs to the municipality of Dodoni in northern Greece. It is situated between two main towns of the area Derviziana (Δερβίζιανα) and Elafos (Έλαφος). Its name in Greek is a plant, Myrtia (Smyrtia, Myrtus communis).

Lakka Souliou
Lakka Souliou (Greek: Λάκκα Σουλίου) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dodoni, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 158.578 km2. Its population was 1,897 according to the census of 2021. Lakka Souliou is a historical site in the wider area of Souli.
Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France
Maria Josepha of Saxony (Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria; 4 November 1731 - 13 March 1767) was Dauphine of France through her marriage to Louis, the son and heir of Louis XV. Marie Josèphe was the mother of three kings of France, Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X, as well as the Queen of Sardinia and  Madame Élisabeth.

Clotilde of France
Marie Clotilde of France (Marie Adélaïde Clotilde Xavière; 23 September 1759 – 7 March 1802), known as Clotilde in Italy, was Queen of Sardinia by marriage to Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia. She was a younger sister of Louis XVI of France. She was politically active and acted as the de facto first minister of her spouse during his reign. She has been declared venerable by Pope Pius VII.
Calabi triangle
The Calabi triangle is a special triangle found by Eugenio Calabi.

It is the unique triangle that has 3 different placements for the largest square that it contains, and is not the equilateral triangle. It is an isosceles triangle which is obtuse with an irrational but algebraic ratio between the lengths of its sides and its base.

Consider the largest square that can be placed in an arbitrary triangle. It may be that such a square could be positioned in the triangle in more than one way. In the equilateral triangle, the largest such square can be positioned in three different ways. Calabi found that there is exactly one other case, and so it is named the Calabi triangle.

Acute and obtuse triangles
An acute triangle (or acute-angled triangle) is a triangle with three acute angles (less than 90°). An obtuse triangle (or obtuse-angled triangle) is a triangle with one obtuse angle (greater than 90°) and two acute angles. Since a triangle's angles must sum to 180° in Euclidean geometry, no Euclidean triangle can have more than one obtuse angle

Acute and obtuse triangles are the two different types of oblique triangles—triangles that are not right triangles because they do not have any right angles (90°).
Kusanagi no Tsurugi
Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi (草薙の剣) is a legendary Japanese sword and one of three Imperial Regalia of Japan. It was originally called Ame-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi (天叢雲剣, "Heavenly Sword of Gathering Clouds"), but its name was later changed to the more popular Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi ("Grass-Cutting Sword"). In folklore, the sword represents the virtue of valor.

Imperial Regalia of Japan
The Three Sacred Treasures (三種の神器, Sanshu no Jingi/Mikusa no Kamudakara) are the imperial regalia of Japan and consist of the sword Kusanagi no Tsurugi (草薙劍), the mirror Yata no Kagami (八咫鏡), and the jewel Yasakani no Magatama (八尺瓊勾玉). They represent the three primary virtues: valour (the sword), wisdom (the mirror), and benevolence (the jewel). The actual historical status of these legendary treasures is unknown as they are intentionally kept from public view to symbolize authority.

Representations of the regalia are used in masakaki in many Shinto rituals.
Stanley Tucci: Searching for Italy
Stanley Tucci: Searching for Italy is an American travel and food show that premiered on February 14, 2021, on CNN. The series follows American actor Stanley Tucci, who travels around Italy visiting each region and exploring their cultures, cuisine, and history.

The series has received seven Primetime Emmy Award nominations, winning Emmys for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series in 2021, 2022, and 2024. Its second season premiered on May 1, 2022.

CNN canceled the show in December 2022 as part of the network's revamp and cancellation of all original programming because of Warner Bros. Discovery's cost cuts. Tucci expressed interest in continuing the show on another network. In 2024, Tucci filmed another 10 episodes exploring Italian cuisine for National Geographic. The first season of that followup show, Tucci in Italy, premiered on May 18, 2025.

Tucci in Italy
Tucci in Italy is an American travel and food show premiered on May 18, 2025, on National Geographic. The series follows American actor Stanley Tucci, who travels around Italy exploring different regions' cultures, cuisines, and history.

It is the followup show to Stanley Tucci: Searching for Italy, which aired on CNN from 2021 to 2022. On June 16, 2025, National Geographic renewed the series for a second season.
Biblical Museum of Natural History
The Biblical Museum of Natural History (Hebrew: מוזיאון הטבע התנ"כי, romanized: Muzeyum haTeva haTanakhi), currently located in Hartuv at the entrance to Beit Shemesh, Israel, was founded in 2014 by Rabbi Dr. Natan Slifkin, affectionately referred to as the "Zoo Rabbi."

Beit Shemesh
31°44′44″N 34°59′12″E﻿ / ﻿31.74556°N 34.98667°E﻿ / 31.74556; 34.98667

Beit Shemesh (Hebrew: בית שמש, lit. 'House of the Sun') is a city located approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Jerusalem in Israel's Jerusalem District. A center of Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodoxy, Beit Shemesh has a population of 167,318 as of 2023.

The city is named after and located near the remains of ancient Beth Shemesh, a biblical city of the territory of Judah.
New York State Route 76
New York State Route 76 (NY 76) is located entirely within Chautauqua County, New York, in the United States. It runs north–south from NY 474 in the hamlet of North Clymer in the town of Clymer at its southern end to NY 5 along the Lake Erie shoreline in the town of Ripley. It crosses both the Southern Tier Expressway (I-86/NY 17) and the New York State Thruway (I-90), although it does not connect to the latter.

New York State Route 474
New York State Route 474 (NY 474) is a state highway located entirely within Chautauqua County in the westernmost corner of New York in the United States. It begins at the section of the Pennsylvania state line that runs north–south and runs eastward, initially paralleling the state line before taking a more northeasterly alignment toward Chautauqua Lake. The route ends adjacent to the lake at a junction with NY 394 in the town of Busti. NY 474 was originally designated as New York State Route 74 in 1930 before being renumbered to NY 474 on July 1, 1972. The route continues westward into Pennsylvania as Pennsylvania Route 474 (PA 474), which was assigned in the 1980s.
Jean-Marie Coquard
Jean-Marie Coquard, SMA (27 November 1859 – 27 June 1933) was a French Christian medical missionary who traveled to Abeokuta, Nigeria, which is the capital of the Ogun State, to provide surgery and care. He was supervisor and visitor at the Abeokuta missionary and doctor to the Egba Government and Royal Family. He established the Sacred Heart Hospital in Abeokuta, and was the longest serving missionary of the Society of African Missions, receiving an OBE for his work.

Society of African Missions
The Society of African Missions (Latin: Societas Missionum ad Afros; French: Société des Missions Africaines), also known as the SMA Fathers, is a Catholic religious society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Melchior de Marion Brésillac in 1856. They serve the people of Africa and those of African descent.

Members add the nominal letters S.M.A after their names to indicate their membership in the congregation. Fr. Antonio Porcellato is the superior general as of November 2022.
Angus Walker
Angus Reynolds Walker (August 27, 1939 – November 6, 2024) was a Canadian bluegrass and country entertainer from Port Hastings, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He has been called "Canada's Prime Minister of Country Music" and "The Cape Breton Rebel".

Walker has appeared as a vocalist, upright bass and rhythm guitar player with various groups and artists. He has been featured on several albums and singles for various labels including Boot and Rodeo Records in addition to making numerous radio and television appearances such as CBC's Countrytime. He has worked with Fred McKenna, Vic Mullen, Don Messer, Mac Wiseman, Charley Bailey, Doc Williams, and Ben Kerr, Marg Osborne and Brent Williams, among others.

Fred McKenna
Fred McKenna (February 17, 1934 – November 18, 1977) was a Canadian singer, multi-instrumentalist, and producer born in Fredericton, New Brunswick.
McKenna, who was born blind, recorded, produced, and released songs for the Rodeo, Boot, RCA and Arc record labels, and appeared on radio shows and television programs such as CBC's Singalong Jubilee. He worked with Stompin' Tom Connors, George Beck, Don Messer, Vic Mullen, George Hamilton and Angus Walker, among others.

McKenna is an inductee of both The Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame and The New Brunswick Country Music Hall of Fame.