hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dapingian
The Dapingian is the third stage of the Ordovician system and the first stage of the Middle Ordovician series. It is preceded by the Floian and succeeded by the Darriwilian. The base of the Dapingian (and the top of the Floian) is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Baltoniodus triangularis which happened about 471.3 million years ago. The Dapingian lasted for about 1.9 million years until about 469.4 million years ago.

Darriwilian
The Darriwilian is the upper stage of the Middle Ordovician. It is preceded by the Dapingian and succeeded by the Upper Ordovician Sandbian Stage. The lower boundary of the Darriwilian is defined as the first appearance of the graptolite species Undulograptus austrodentatus around 469.4 million years ago. It lasted for about 10.8 million years until the beginning of the Sandbian around 458.2 million years ago. This stage of the Ordovician was marked by the beginning of the Andean-Saharan glaciation.
Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon
Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 – 16 December 1391) was the daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, Lord High Constable of England and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan. She was the wife of Hugh Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (1303–1377). Of her 17 children, 11 made it to adulthood, including an Archbishop of Canterbury and six knights, of whom two were founder knights of the Order of the Garter. Unlike most women of her day, she received a classical education and was a lifelong scholar and collector of books.

Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (7 August 1282 – 5 May 1316) was the eighth and youngest daughter of Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile and was born in Rhuddlan Castle in Denbighshire. Of all of her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother Edward II, as they were only two years apart in age.
KVTI
KVTI (90.9 FM) is a National Public Radio affiliate station operated by Northwest Public Radio, licensed to Tacoma, Washington, and operates at 90.9 MHz with an ERP of 51 kW. As an "NPR & Classical Music" station, it broadcasts NPR news, local and syndicated classical music shows (switching to jazz music on weekends), and other public radio programming. The station is owned by Clover Park Technical College in Lakewood, but since 2010, has been operated by the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication at Washington State University. It is one of three NPR member stations in the Seattle/Tacoma area, with fellow Tacoma-based station KNKX and Seattle-based KUOW-FM being the other two stations.

KUOW-FM
KUOW-FM (94.9 MHz) is a National Public Radio member station in Seattle, Washington. It is the largest of the three full-fledged NPR member stations in the Seattle and Tacoma media market, with two Tacoma-based stations, KNKX and KVTI being the others. It is a service of the University of Washington, but is operated by KUOW Puget Sound Public Radio, a nonprofit community organization. Studios are located on University Way in Seattle's University District, while the transmitter is on Capitol Hill.
GE Verias
Gymnastiki Enosi Verias was a Greek sports club from Veria. It was active in athletics, boxing, chess, handball, table tennis, volleyball and weightlifting, but it is best known for the handball section. The women's team won six national championships and seven national cups between 1987 and 1996 including five doubles in a row, appearing regularly in IHF/EHF competitions until 1998, and the men's team were also national champions in 1997. They also reached the national cup's final in 1992, but lost to local rivals Filippos Veria.

Filippos Veria
A.C. Filippos Verias (Greek: Α.Σ. Φίλιππος Βέροιας) is a Greek sport club based in Veria. It has departments in Basketball, Volleyball, Handball, Gymnastics, and Athletics. The most successful is the department of Handball that has won many titles. Filippos was founded in 1962 and its colours are white and red. Its emblem is Philip of Macedonia. Filippos is also known as "Vasilias (the king)" and it is the second most successful club in Premier Handball/A1 Ethniki history.
Señorita Panamá 1995
Señorita Panamá 1995, the 13th Señorita Panamá pageant and 30th celebration of the Miss Panamá contest, was held in Teatro Anayansi Atlapa Convention Centre, Panama City, Panama, September 1995, after weeks of events. The winner of the pageant was Reyna del Carmen Royo Rivera.

The pageant was broadcast live on RPC Televisión. About 16 contestants from all over Panama competed for the crown. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Michele Sage of Panamá Centro crowned Reyna Royo of Panamá Centro as the new Señorita Panamá.

Also Moreno Montero competed in Miss World 1995, the 45th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 18 November 1995 for the fourth straight year at the Sun City Entertainment Centre in Sun City, South Africa. De León was supposed to compete in Miss Hispanidad 1996 but the contest was finally canceled and was sent to Miss Asia Pacific 1997 pageant held on December 6, 1997 in Davao City, Philippines.

Reyna Royo
Reyna del Carmen Royo Rivera (born March 15, 1971) is a Panamanian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was the winner of the Señorita Panamá 1995.

Royo who is 5 ft 6.5 in (1.69 m) tall, competed in the national beauty pageant Señorita Panamá 1995, in September 1995 and obtained the title of Señorita Panamá Universo. She represented Panamá Centro state.
Larry Jennings
Larry Jennings (February 17, 1933 – October 17, 1997) was an American magician, best known for his card techniques. He has nine books published by, or written about him. He is also known for being close friends with fellow magician Dai Vernon.

Dai Vernon
David Frederick Wingfield Verner (June 11, 1894 – August 21, 1992), better known by his stage names Dai Vernon (pronounced alternatively as "DIE" or as "DAY" as in David) or The Professor, was a Canadian magician.

Vernon's sleight of hand technique and knowledge, particularly with card tricks and close-up magic, garnered him respect among fellow magicians, and he was a mentor to them.

From 1963, he worked at and lived out his last decades at the Magic Castle, an exclusive specialty nightclub in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Vernon retired officially from performing in 1990 at the age of 96.
Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe
The Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe (from Spanish: Arbitral Decision of Guadalupe) was a legal decree delivered by King Ferdinand II of Aragon at the Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe in Extremadura, Spain on 21 April 1486 to free the Catalan remensa peasants who were subjects of the lord of the manor and tied to his lands and subject to numerous onerous fees and maltreatment under the so-called evil customs (mals usos).

Remensa
Remensa (Catalan: Remença) was a Catalan mode of serfdom. Those who were serfs under this mode are properly pagesos de remença (pagesos meaning "peasants"); they are often (though not quite correctly) referred to simply as remences (singular remença).

The Catalan term remença derives from the Latin redementia and emphasizes the possibility of redemption from servitude.

The severity of this way of life led to rebellions by the remensa peasants in 1462 and 1485 known as the War of the Remences. After the second revolt, King Ferdinand II of Aragon issued the Sentencia de Guadalupe (1486), outlawing the more severe abuses of the oppressive evil customs and allowing remensa peasants to be redeemed by a payment of 60 sous per household, leaving a rural society that was still feudal in character, but significantly reformed.
Millimetre of mercury
A millimetre of mercury is a manometric unit of pressure, formerly defined as the extra pressure generated by a column of mercury one millimetre high. Currently, it is defined as exactly 133.322387415 pascals, or approximately 1 torr = ⁠1/760⁠ atmosphere = ⁠101325/760⁠ pascals. It is denoted mmHg or mm Hg.

Although not an SI unit, the millimetre of mercury is still often encountered in some fields; for example,  it is still widely used in medicine, as demonstrated for example in the medical literature indexed in PubMed. For example, the U.S. and European guidelines on hypertension, in using millimeters of mercury for blood pressure, are reflecting the fact (common basic knowledge among health care professionals) that this is the usual unit of blood pressure in clinical medicine.

Torr
The torr (symbol: Torr) is a unit of pressure based on an absolute scale, defined as exactly ⁠1/760⁠ of a standard atmosphere (101325 Pa).  Thus one torr is exactly ⁠101325/760⁠ pascals (≈ 133.32 Pa).

Historically, one torr was intended to be the same as one "millimetre of mercury", but subsequent redefinitions of the two units made the torr marginally lower (by less than 0.000015%).

The torr is not part of the International System of Units (SI). Even so, it is often combined with the metric prefix milli to name one millitorr (mTorr), equal to 0.001 Torr.

The unit was named after Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist and mathematician who discovered the principle of the barometer in 1644.
Yamatai Honshu Theory
The Yamatai Honshu Theory is the theory that the Yamatai-koku was located in Honshu, specifically Kinai (now Kinki region), where the capital was located in the Kofun period rather than in Kyushu as the Yamatai Kyushu Theory proposes.

According to this theory, the Yamatai-koku was essentially continuous with the Yamato Kingship, with its capital in roughly the same region, and the Yamatai-koku transformed into the Yamato Kingship when the Kofun period began.

Yamatai
Yamatai or Yamatai-koku (邪馬台国) (c. 1st century – c. 3rd century) is the Sino-Japanese name of an ancient country in Wa (Japan) during the late Yayoi period (c. 1,000 BCE – c. 300 CE). The Chinese text Records of the Three Kingdoms first recorded the name as /*ja-maB-də̂/ (邪馬臺) or /*ja-maB-ʔit/ (邪馬壹) (using reconstructed Eastern Han Chinese pronunciations) followed by the character 國 for "country", describing the place as the domain of Priest-Queen Himiko (卑弥呼) (died c. 248 CE). Generations of Japanese historians, linguists, and archeologists have debated where Yamatai was located and whether it was related to the later Yamato (大和国).
Fritz (chess)
Fritz is a German chess program originally developed for Chessbase by Frans Morsch based on his Quest program, ported to DOS, and then Windows by Mathias Feist.  With version 13, Morsch retired, and his engine was first replaced by Gyula Horvath's Pandix, and then with Fritz 15, Vasik Rajlich's Rybka. Fritz 17 switched to the Ginkgo engine, written by Frank Schneider.

The latest version of the consumer product is Fritz 19. This version supports 64-bit hardware and multiprocessing by default.

ChessBase
ChessBase is a German company that develops and sells chess software, maintains a chess news site, and operates an internet chess server for online chess. Founded in 1986, it maintains and sells large-scale databases containing the moves of recorded chess games. The databases contain data from prior games and provide engine analyses of games. Endgame tablebases are also provided by the company.

ChessBase India, ChessBase's Indian YouTube channel, has amassed more than 2.5 million YouTube subscribers and more than 2.5 billion total views as of December 2024.
Square academic cap
The square academic cap, graduate cap, cap, mortarboard (because of its similarity in appearance to the mortarboard used by brickmasons to hold mortar), or Oxford cap is an item of academic dress consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the centre. In the UK and the US, it is commonly referred to informally in conjunction with an academic gown as a "cap and gown". It is also sometimes termed a square,: 17  trencher,: 17 : 915  or corner-cap. The adjective academical is also used.

In previous centuries, academic dress was the everyday clothing of all students and faculty. The cap, together with the gown and sometimes a hood, now form the customary uniform of a university graduate in many parts of the world, following a British model.  In other countries, especially the United States, mortarboards are only worn during the commencement ceremony itself.

Academic dress
Academic dress is a traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities). It is also known as academical dress, academicals, or academic regalia.

Contemporarily, it is commonly seen only at graduation ceremonies, but formerly academic dress was, and to a lesser degree in many ancient universities still is, worn daily. Today, the ensembles are distinctive in some way to each institution, and generally consist of a gown (also known as a robe) with a separate hood, and usually a cap (generally a square academic cap, a tam, or a bonnet). Academic dress is also worn by members of certain learned societies and institutions as official dress.
Ronald L. Rowe Jr.
Ronald L. Rowe Jr. (born November 11, 1971) is an American law enforcement officer who served as deputy director of the United States Secret Service from 2023 to 2025 and its acting director from mid 2024 to early 2025. Rowe was appointed to the position after former Secret Service director Kimberly Cheatle resigned in 2024, amidst intense criticism of the Secret Service following the attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania.

Kimberly Cheatle
Kimberly Ann Cheatle (born 1970/1971) is an American former law enforcement officer who served as the 27th director of the United States Secret Service from 2022 until 2024. After serving in the Secret Service from 1995 to 2019, she worked as senior director of global security at PepsiCo from 2019 to 2022. Appointed director of the Secret Service by President Joe Biden, she assumed the office on 17 September 2022, becoming the second woman to hold the position.

Following the attempted assassination of Donald Trump at a campaign rally on July 13, 2024, the Secret Service was widely criticized over security lapses. On July 22, Cheatle testified before the United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability, where she faced bipartisan calls for her resignation. She resigned on July 23 and was succeeded by acting director Ronald L. Rowe Jr.
Kaarle Krohn
Kaarle Krohn (10 May 1863 – 19 July 1933) was a Finnish folklorist, professor and developer of the geographic-historic method of folklore research. He was born into the influential Krohn family of Helsinki. Krohn is best known outside of Finland for his contributions to international folktale research.  He devoted most of his life to the study of the epic poetry that forms the basis for the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala.

Julius Krohn
Julius Leopold Fredrik Krohn (19 April 1835 – 28 August 1888) was a Finnish folk poetry researcher, professor of Finnish literature, poet, hymn writer, translator and journalist. He was born in Viipuri and was of Baltic German origin. Krohn worked as a lecturer on Finnish language in Helsinki University from the year 1875 and as a supernumerary  professor from 1885. He was one of the most notable researchers into Finnish folk poetry in the 19th century. His native language was German.
Poset game
In combinatorial game theory, poset games are mathematical games of strategy, generalizing many well-known games such as Nim and Chomp. In such games, two players start with a poset (a partially ordered set), and take turns choosing one point in the poset, removing it and all points that are greater. The player who is left with no point to choose, loses.

Chomp
Chomp is a two-player strategy game played on a rectangular grid made up of smaller square cells, which can be thought of as the blocks of a chocolate bar. The players take it in turns to choose one block and "eat it" (remove from the board), together with those that are below it and to its right. The top left block is "poisoned" and the player who eats this loses.

The chocolate-bar formulation of Chomp is due to David Gale, but an equivalent game expressed in terms of choosing divisors of a fixed integer was published earlier by Frederik Schuh.

Chomp is a special case of a poset game where the partially ordered set on which the game is played is a product of total orders with the minimal element (poisonous block) removed.
Magoffin County, Kentucky
Magoffin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,637. Its county seat is Salyersville. The county was formed in 1860 from adjacent portions of Floyd, Johnson, and Morgan Counties. It was named for Beriah Magoffin, who was governor of Kentucky (1859–62).

Johnson County, Kentucky
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,680. Its county seat is Paintsville. The county was formed in 1843 and named for Richard Mentor Johnson, a colonel of the War of 1812, United States Representative, Senator, and Vice President of the United States.

Johnson County is classified as a moist county, which is a county in which alcohol sales are not allowed (a dry county), but containing a "wet" city, in this case Paintsville, where alcoholic beverage sales are allowed.
Ortac
Ortac is a small uninhabited islet about 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) west of the coast of Alderney near to the islet of Burhou. It measures roughly 50 by 70 metres (164.0 by 229.7 feet), and rises 24 metres (78.7 feet) above the sea level.

A.H. Ewen surmised that the rock's name meant "large rock at the edge" from the Norman language or (edge) + etac (stack). Alexander Deschamps said that the French formerly knew it as "the Eagle's Nest".

Burhou
Burhou (pronounced ber-ROO) is a small island about 1.4 miles (2.3 km) northwest of Alderney that is part of the Channel Islands. It has no permanent residents, and is a bird sanctuary, so landing there is banned from March 15 to August 1. The island's wildlife includes a colony of puffins (declining in numbers) and many rabbits. The island has no landing stage as such, but visitors use a small inlet. In rough weather it may be impossible to land.

The Guernsey botanist E. D. Marquand called it, "the most desolate and lonely of all the islands in our archipelago." He once had to spend the night there, as his return journey was delayed by fog.

The 1906 book, The Channel Pilot states –

Between Ortac, Verte Tête and Burhou Island, are scattered many dangerous rocks, and ledges among which the streams run with great velocity.
Solomon Breuer
Solomon (Shlomo Zalman) Breuer (27 June 1850 – 17 July 1926) was a Hungarian-born German rabbi, initially in Pápa, Hungary, and from the early 1890s in Frankfurt as a successor of his father-in-law Samson Raphael Hirsch.

Samson Raphael Hirsch
Samson Raphael Hirsch (Hebrew: שמשון רפאל הירש; 20 June 1808 – 31 December 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism. Occasionally termed neo-Orthodoxy, his philosophy, together with that of Azriel Hildesheimer, has had a considerable influence on the development of Orthodox Judaism.

Hirsch was rabbi in Oldenburg, Emden, and was subsequently appointed chief rabbi of Moravia. From 1851 until his death, Hirsch led the secessionist Orthodox community in Frankfurt am Main. He wrote a number of influential books, and for a number of years published the monthly journal Jeschurun, in which he outlined his philosophy of Judaism. He was a vocal opponent of Reform Judaism, Zionism, and similarly opposed early forms of Conservative Judaism.
BD1018
BD1018 or (S)-2-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is a selective sigma receptor ligand, with a reported binding affinity of Ki = 5 ± 0.7 nM for the sigma-1 receptor and approximately 10 times selectivity over the sigma-2 receptor. Unlike its enantiomer, BD1031, BD1018 acts as a sigma receptor antagonist.

Consistent with other reported sigma receptor antagonists, BD1018 decreases the behavioural toxicity of cocaine in Swiss Webster mice.

BD1031
BD1031 or (R)-2-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is a selective sigma receptor agonist, with a reported binding affinity of Ki = 1 ± 0.2 nM for the sigma-1 receptor and 80 times selectivity over the sigma-2 receptor. The enantiomer of BD1031 is known as BD1018.

Consistent with other reported sigma receptor agonists, BD1031 increases the behavioural toxicity of cocaine in Swiss Webster mice.
Codename: Panzers – Phase Two
Codename: Panzers – Phase Two is a 2005 real-time tactics video game developed by the Hungarian studio StormRegion and published by cdv Software Entertainment. It is the sequel to Codename: Panzers – Phase One. The two games were followed by Codename: Panzers – Cold War.

Codename: Panzers – Phase One
Codename: Panzers – Phase One is a 2004 real-time tactics video game developed by the Hungarian studio StormRegion and published by cdv Software Entertainment. It is set during World War II.

Codename: Panzers was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews. It was followed by Codename: Panzers – Phase Two (2005) and Codename: Panzers – Cold War. The current publishing rights of the franchise belong to THQ Nordic after they acquired the intellectual property rights from the defunct publisher, cdv Software Entertainment.
Tōgō, Kagoshima
Tōgō (東郷町, Tōgō-chō) was a town located in Satsuma District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,987 and a density of 74.70 persons per km2. The total area was 80.15 km2.

On October 12, 2004, Tōgō, along with the city of Sendai, the towns of Hiwaki, Iriki and Kedōin, and the villages of Kamikoshiki, Kashima, Sato and Shimokoshiki (all from Satsuma District), was merged to create the city of Satsumasendai.

Satsumasendai, Kagoshima
Satsumasendai (薩摩川内市, Satsumasendai-shi) is a city located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2024, the city had an estimated population of 90,918 in 46610 households, and a  population density of 130 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 682.92 km2 (263.68 sq mi).
Bahnbetriebswerk
A Bahnbetriebswerk is the equivalent of a locomotive depot (or motive power depot) on the German and Austrian railways. It is an installation that carries out the maintenance, minor repairs, refuelling and cleaning of locomotives and other motive power. In addition it organises the deployment of locomotives and crews. In the Deutsche Bahn, a Bahnbetriebswerk is known today as a Betriebshof; the ÖBB refer to it as a Zugförderungsstelle (Zf). Many other countries simply use the term 'depot'. The smaller facility, the Lokomotivstation (also Einsatzstelle or Lokbahnhof) akin to the British sub-depot or stabling point, is affiliated to a Bahnbetriebswerk.

N.B. The shortened form Betriebswerk is also used and both are commonly abbreviated to Bw or BW. The plural is Bahnbetriebswerke.

Motive power depot
A motive power depot (MPD) or locomotive depot, or traction maintenance depot (TMD), is where  locomotives are usually housed, repaired and maintained. They were originally known as "running sheds", "engine sheds" or just "sheds". Facilities are provided for refuelling and the replenishing of water, lubricating oil and grease and, for steam engines, the disposal of ash. There are often workshops for day-to-day repairs and maintenance, but locomotive building and major overhauls are usually carried out at locomotive works. (Note: In American English, the term depot is used to refer to passenger stations or goods (freight) facilities, not to vehicle maintenance facilities.)