hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leonardo's horse
Leonardo's Horse (also known as the Sforza Horse or the Gran Cavallo ("Great Horse") ) is a project for a bronze sculpture that was commissioned from Leonardo da Vinci in 1482 by the Duke of Milan Ludovico il Moro, but never completed. It was intended to be the largest equestrian statue in the world, a monument to the duke's father Francesco Sforza. Leonardo did extensive preparatory work for it but produced only a large clay model, which was later destroyed.

About five centuries later, Leonardo's surviving designs were used as the basis for sculptures intended to bring the project to fruition.

Equestrian statue
An equestrian statue is a statue of a rider mounted on a horse, from the Latin eques, meaning 'knight', deriving from equus, meaning 'horse'. A statue of a riderless horse is strictly an equine statue. A full-sized equestrian statue is a difficult and expensive object for any culture to produce, and figures have typically been portraits of rulers or, in the Renaissance and more recently, military commanders.

Although there are outliers, the form is essentially a tradition in Western art, used for imperial propaganda by the Roman emperors, with a significant revival in Italian Renaissance sculpture, which continued across Europe in the Baroque, as mastering the large-scale casting of bronze became more widespread, and later periods.

Statues at well under life-size have been popular in various materials, including porcelain, since the Renaissance. The riders in these may not be portraits, but figures from classical mythology or generic figures such as Native Americans.
Gustafsonia
Gustafsonia is an extinct genus of carnivoran belonging to the family Amphicyonidae (a bear dog). The type species, Gustafsonia cognita, was described in 1986 by Eric Paul Gustafson, who originally interpreted it as a miacid and named it Miacis cognitus. It was subsequently considered to be the only species of the diverse genus Miacis that belonged to the crown-group Carnivora, within the Caniformia, and it was ultimately assigned to the family Amphicyonidae. The type specimen or holotype was discovered in Reeve's bonebed, western Texas, in the Chambers Tuff Formation in 1986. The University of Texas holds this specimen. It is the only confirmed fossil of this species.

Amphicyonidae
Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia. They first appeared in North America in the middle Eocene (around 45 Ma), spread to Europe by the late Eocene (35 Ma), and further spread to Asia and Africa by the early Miocene (23 Ma). They had largely disappeared worldwide by the late Miocene (9-7 Ma), with the latest recorded species at the end of the Miocene in Africa. They were among the first carnivorans to evolve large body size. Amphicyonids are colloquially referred to as "bear-dogs".
Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon FRS (/ˈɡɪbən/; 8 May 1737 – 16 January 1794) was a British essayist, historian and minor politician. His most important and influential work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1789, to critical and commercial success. It is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its polemical criticism of organized religion.

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, sometimes shortened to Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, is a six-volume work by the English historian Edward Gibbon. The six volumes cover, from 98 to 1590, the peak of the Roman Empire, the history of early Christianity and its emergence as the Roman state religion, the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the rise of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane and the fall of Byzantium, as well as discussions on the ruins of Ancient Rome.

Volume I was first published in February 1776 by William Strahan and Thomas Cadell. It was reissued in a succession of six revised editions between 1776 and 1789. Volumes II and III appeared in 1781, and the final three volumes (IV–VI) were issued together in 1788. All six volumes of the first edition were published in quarto; later octavo reprints followed from 1783 onward.
Women's Action Alliance
The Women's Action Alliance (WAA), or simply the Alliance, was a feminist organization in the United States which was active from 1971 to 1997. It was founded by Gloria Steinem, Brenda Feigen Fasteau and Dorothy Pitman-Hughes. The board of directors of the WAA included several notable feminists such as Bella Abzug and Shirley Chisholm. The WAA's mission was to assist local activists through technical and communications support and through them, to create change on a national scale.

The group created a network of feminist activists, coordinated resources, and led initiatives on a number of issues. The WAA helped to raise discussion for a national agenda of feminist legislation, developed strategies for countering gender stereotypes in developmental education, and helped open the first battered women's shelters.

Dorothy Pitman Hughes
Dorothy Pitman Hughes (born Dorothy Jean Ridley; October 2, 1938 – December 1, 2022) was an American feminist, child-welfare advocate, activist, public speaker, author, and small business owner. Pitman Hughes co-founded the Women's Action Alliance. Her activism and friendship with Gloria Steinem established racial balance in the nascent feminist movement.
Carl Zuckmayer
Carl Zuckmayer (27 December 1896 – 18 January 1977) was a German writer and playwright. His older brother was the pedagogue, composer, conductor, and pianist Eduard Zuckmayer.

His first two dramas were failures. In 1929, he wrote the script for the movie Der blaue Engel, for which he received the Georg Büchner Prize. He also wrote plays, including The Captain of Köpenick (1931), Des Teufels General (1946), Barbara Blomberg. Ein Stück in drei Akten (1949), and Kranichtanz. Ein Akt (1967).

Zuckmayer was a recipient of numerous awards and prizes, including the Kleist Prize, Medal of the city of Göttingen, the Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature, and the Ring of Salzburg.

Georg Büchner Prize
The Georg Büchner Prize (German: Georg-Büchner-Preis) is the most important literary prize for German language literature. The award is named after dramatist and writer Georg Büchner, author of Woyzeck and Leonce and Lena. The Georg Büchner Prize is awarded annually for authors "writing in the German language who have notably emerged through their oeuvre as essential contributors to the shaping of contemporary German cultural life".
Manuel José
Manuel José de Jesus Silva ComM (born 9 April 1946), simply known as Manuel José (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐnuˈɛl ʒuˈzɛ]), is a Portuguese football manager.

Some of the teams he has coached include Vitória de Guimarães, Sporting CP, Sporting de Braga, Boavista, Benfica, Al Ahly, Belenenses, and the Angola national team. He is the living coach with most games in the Primeira Liga.

He is regarded as one of the most successful club coaches in CAF competitions, having won the main African club tournament, the CAF Champions League, a record of four times and guiding his team to four consecutive CAF Champions League finals between 2005 and 2008, winning three of those finals. He has also won the CAF Super Cup in 2002, 2006, 2007 and 2009 and was the first manager to take an African team to the medal positions in the FIFA Club World Cup in 2006.

Angola national football team
The Angola national football team (Portuguese: Seleção nacional de futebol de Angola) represents Angola in men's international football and is controlled by the Angolan Football Federation and nicknamed as both Palancas Negras (Black Sable antelopes) and Diabos Vermelhos (Red Devils), the team is a member of both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

Angola reached its highest FIFA ranking of 45th in July 2000. Their greatest accomplishment was qualifying for the 2006 World Cup, their only World Cup to date.
Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Kirkuk-Sulaimaniya
The Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Kirkuk (Arabic: ابرشية كركوك الكلدانية) is an archeparchy of the Chaldean Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome.  The archeparchy was created in the early years of the nineteenth century.  Its present ordinary, Archbishop Yousif Thomas Mirkis, was consecrated in 2014.

Kirkuk
Kirkuk (Arabic: كركوك; Kurdish: کەرکووک, romanized: Kerkûk; Syriac: ܟܪܟܘܟ, romanized: Kerkouk; Turkish: Kerkük) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River.

It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan” even though it is not part of Iraqi Kurdistan region, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.
Cape grass lizard
The Cape grass lizard (Chamaesaura anguina), also known as the Cape snake lizard or the highland grass lizard, is a species of lizard in the genus Chamaesaura. It widely found in southern Africa, inhabiting grasslands. In one of the countries it lives in, Eswatini, it is listed as a Near Threatened species.

The Cape grass lizard is ovoviviparous. A discovery has shown females are not breeding at the same time in a year.

This lizard has three subspecies. They are the C. a. anguina, the C. a. oligopholis, and the C. a. tenuior.

Chamaesaura
The Chamaesaura, also known as grass lizards, are a genus of legless lizards from southern and eastern Africa.  The limbs are reduced to small spikes. Chamaesaura propel themselves like snakes, pushing against contact points in the environment, such as rocks, plants and irregularities in the soil. They are viviparous and eat small invertebrates, especially grasshoppers.
Huangyuan County
Huangyuan County (Chinese: 湟源县) is a county of Qinghai Province, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xining, the capital of Qinghai. The county seat is Chengguan Town, known in Mongolian as Dan Gar and Tibetan as Tongkor.

The remains of Ladrolne Gompa and Rali Hermitage may be seen between Haiyan and Tongkor. A branch of Tongkor Monastery, known as Ganden Tengyeling (Ch. Cinghosi), just to the northwest of the Chengguan, is also in ruins.

Chengguan, Huangyuan County
Chengguan, also known as Huangyuan and by other names, is a town on the Huangshui River in Qinghai, China. It serves as the seat of Huangyuan County, lying about 45 km (28 mi) upstream (west) from the provincial capital of Xining and approximately 45 km (28 mi) east of Qinghai Lake. Chengguan has a 600-year history as a frontier trading post between the Chinese, Mongolian, and Tibetan cultural spheres.
Tukeit Hill frog
The Tukeit Hill frogs are three species of frog in the genus Allophryne. Originally erected for the species Allophryne ruthveni, the genus was placed as the only member of the subfamily Allophryninae, which was in turn placed in the family Centrolenidae, but they are now considered as the only genus in the monotypic family Allophrynidae.

These frogs live in Guyana, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil and Bolivia.  The holotype was discovered at Tukeit Hill, below Kaieteur Falls, Guyana, hence the common English name.

Glass frog
The glass frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae (order Anura), native to the Central American and Colombian rainforests. The general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent, giving the glass frog its common name. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin. When active, their blood makes them visible; when sleeping, most of the blood is concealed in the liver, hiding them. Glass frogs are arboreal, living mainly in trees, feeding on small insects and only coming out for mating season. Their transparency conceals them very effectively when sleeping on a green leaf, as they habitually do. However, climate change and habitat fragmentation have been threatening the survival rates of the family.
Hot Lava
Hot Lava is a 2019 platform video game developed and published by Klei Entertainment. Announced in 2016, it was developed by Mark Laprairie before he was hired by Klei who turned it into a full game. It is based primarily on the children's game with the same name. It was released on September 19, 2019, for Microsoft Windows through Steam and for iOS, macOS, and tvOS through Apple Arcade.

The floor is lava
The floor is lava is a game in which players pretend that the floor or ground is made of lava (or any other lethal substance, such as acid or quicksand), and thus must avoid touching the ground, as touching the ground would "kill" the player who did so. The players stay off the floor by standing on furniture or the room's architecture. The players generally may not remain still, and are required to move from one piece of furniture to the next. This is due to some people saying that the furniture is acidic, sinking, or in some other way time-limited in its use. The game can be played with a group or alone for self amusement. There may even be a goal, to which the players must race. The game may also be played outdoors in playgrounds or similar areas.
Boggsville, Colorado
Boggsville is an extinct town located in Bent County, Colorado, United States.  The town was located near the Purgatoire River about 3 miles (4.8 km) above the Purgatoire's confluence with the Arkansas River.  It lies along Highway 101 about 2 miles south of Las Animas. Boggsville served as the seat of Bent County, Colorado Territory, from 1870 until 1872.

Bent County, Colorado
Bent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,650. The county seat and only incorporated municipality is Las Animas. The county is named in honor of frontier trader William Bent.
Serra de Pàndols
Serra de Pàndols  is a limestone mountain chain located at the southern end of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range, in Catalonia, Spain.

There is a project to install wind turbines on the Serra de Pàndols and neighboring Serra de Cavalls which has met with public protests. The Serra de Paüls mountain range is located to the south of this range.

Catalan Pre-Coastal Range
Pyrenees

Pre-Pyrenees

Catalan Central Depression

Smaller mountain ranges of the Central Depression

Catalan Transversal Range

Catalan Pre-Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Depression and other coastal and pre-coastal plains

The Catalan Pre-Coastal Range (Catalan: Serralada Prelitoral Catalana) is a system of mountain ranges running parallel to the Mediterranean Sea coast in Catalonia. It is part of the Catalan Mediterranean System. Its main axis runs between the Catalan Transversal Range and the Serra de l'Espina, which connects with the Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, part of the Iberian System. The highest point is 1,706.7 m at the Montseny Massif.
Tom Seddon
Thomas Edward Youd Seddon (2 July 1884 – 22 January 1972) was a New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party, and a lawyer in Greymouth. He was the son of New Zealand's longest-serving prime minister Richard Seddon, and succeeded his father as MP for Westland following his death in 1906.

Westland (New Zealand electorate)
Westland was a parliamentary electorate in the West Coast of New Zealand from 1866 to 1868 and 1890 to 1972. In 1972 the Tasman and West Coast electorates replaced the former Buller and Westland electorates.
Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion
Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion (Japanese: 新幹線変形ロボ シンカリオン, Hepburn: Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkarion; "Transforming Bullet Train Robot Shinkalion") is a Japanese toy franchise created by Takara Tomy, in association with the Japan Railways Group. It is a spin-off of the long-running Plarail model train franchise, with the toys first launched back at March 16, 2015. An anime adaptation by OLM aired in all JNN stations in Japan from January 2018 to June 2019. A second anime titled Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion Z aired from April 2021 to March 2022 on TV Tokyo. A third anime by Signal.MD and Production I.G titled Shinkalion: Change the World premiered in April 2024 and concluded in February 2025.

Signal.MD
Signal.MD, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社シグナル・エムディ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Shigunaru Emudi) was a Japanese animation studio founded on October 1, 2014, by Production I.G holding company IG Port. The studio was dissolved in June 2025, but continues to operate as an internal brand and team within Production I.G.
Ratlam–Vadodara section
The Ratlam–Vadodara section is a railway line on the New Delhi–Mumbai main line connecting Ratlam Junction in Madhya Pradesh with Vadodara Junction in Gujarat. The section is operated by the Western Railway of Indian Railways.

The total track length is approximately 261 km. It is one of the important and busy sections of the Delhi–Mumbai trunk route carrying both passenger and freight traffic.

New Delhi–Mumbai main line
The New Delhi–Mumbai line is a major railway line in India. Linking the national capital of New Delhi with financial capital Mumbai, this railway line covers a distance of 1,386 kilometres (861 mi) across the Indian states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra. Mumbai Tejas-Rajdhani Express which is the fastest Tejas-Rajdhani Express and the fastest train on this route,  travels on this line and covers the distance between Delhi and Mumbai in 15 hours and 32 minutes at a top speed of 130 km/h which will be increased to 160km/h soon and a top average speed of 89 km/h.
Language assessment
Language assessment or language testing is a field of study under the umbrella of applied linguistics.  Its main focus is the assessment of first, second or other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, and asylum contexts. The assessment may include listening, speaking, reading, writing, an integration of two or more of these skills, or other constructs of language ability. Equal weight may be placed on knowledge (understanding how the language works theoretically) and proficiency (ability to use the language practically), or greater weight may be given to one aspect or the other.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
Willow Nightingale
Danielle Paultre (born January 25, 1994), better known by the ring name Willow Nightingale, is an American professional wrestler. As of October 2022, she is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where she is a member of The Conglomeration stable and is a double champion; she is the AEW TBS Champion in her record-setting second reign and is one-half of the inaugural AEW Women's World Tag Team Champions with Harley Cameron as The Babes of Wrath. She also performs for AEW's partner promotions New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where she was the inaugural Strong Women's Champion, and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), where she is a former CMLL World Women's Champion.

In addition to her work in AEW and NJPW, Nightingale is known for her tenures with Ring of Honor and Shimmer Women Athletes, challenging for championships in both promotions.

Strong Women's Championship
The Strong Women's Championship (Japanese: STRONG女子王座, Hepburn: STRONG Joshi Ōza) is a women's professional wrestling championship owned by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion. The creation of the championship was announced by NJPW on April 27, 2023. The title is exclusively featured on NJPW's  Strong brand and is usually defended at NJPW Strong branded shows in America. The inaugural champion was Willow Nightingale. Syuri is the reigning champion in her first reign. She won the title by defeating Saya Kamitani in a Winner Takes All match, in which Syuri's IWGP Women's Championship was also on the line, at Wrestle Kingdom 20 in Tokyo, Japan on January 4, 2026.
Takunomi
Takunomi (たくのみ。; lit. 'Drinking at Home') is a Japanese four-panel comedy manga series written and illustrated by Haruto Hino. It was serialized on Shogakukan's online app MangaONE and Ura Sunday website from August 2015 to May 2018, with its chapters collected in seven tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Production IMS aired from January to March 2018. The anime series was the final one to be produced by Production IMS before its bankruptcy.

Production IMS
Production IMS Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社プロダクションアイムズ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Purodakushon Aimuzu), or Production IMS, was a Japanese animation studio established on February 14, 2013, by former staff members from AIC Spirits. Its headquarters were located in Nerima, Tokyo, Japan.
International Christian University
International Christian University (国際基督教大学, Kokusai Kirisutokyō Daigaku; ICU)  is a non-denominational private university located in Mitaka, Tokyo. With the efforts of Prince Takamatsu, General Douglas MacArthur, and BOJ Governor Hisato Ichimada, ICU was established in 1949 as the first liberal arts college in Japan. Currently the university offers 31 undergraduate majors and a graduate school. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology selected ICU as one of the 37 schools for The Top Global University Project in 2014.

ICU is known for being a fully bilingual campus, the classes are held in either English or Japanese, with all faculty required to have strong command in both languages. ICU is a member of the Alliance of Asian Liberal Arts Universities.

Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu
Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu (高松宮宣仁親王, Takamatsu-no-miya Nobuhito Shinnō; 3 January 1905 – 3 February 1987) was the third son of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako) and a younger brother of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito). He became heir to the Takamatsu-no-miya (formerly Arisugawa-no-miya), one of the four shinnōke or branches of the imperial family entitled to inherit the Chrysanthemum Throne in default of a direct heir. From the mid-1920s until the end of World War II, Prince Takamatsu pursued a career in the Japanese Imperial Navy, eventually rising to the rank of captain. Following the war, the prince became patron or honorary president of various organizations in the fields of international cultural exchange, the arts, sports, and medicine. He is mainly remembered for his philanthropic activities as a member of the Imperial House of Japan.