hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Birkin bag
The Birkin bag (or simply Birkin) is a handbag created by the French company Hermès in 1984, following a meeting between Jean-Louis Dumas, then CEO of the group, and the actress Jane Birkin. Handmade, usually in leather, it is distributed in several sizes and exclusively in Hermès stores.

Along with the Kelly bag and the carré de soie, the Birkin is one of the brand's iconic products. It has two handles and a more casual look than the Kelly. Each one is made by a single craftsman, usually in one of Hermès' French factories, and requires between 15 and 20 hours' work.

It's widely considered a visual representation of wealth, status, and importance in a modern society.

Kelly bag
The Kelly bag is a leather handbag created in the 1930s by the company Hermès and named after the princess Grace Kelly. It is one of the brand's iconic products, along with the carré de soie and the Birkin bag.

The Kelly is affiliated with the Haut à courroies, a large leather bag for horsesmen created by Hermès in the early 20th century. Characterised by its trapezoidal shape and small padlock, it is handmade in the group's French factories. It is designed by a single craftsman and can take up to twenty hours to make, which makes it a high-quality, long-lasting piece. Its quality and reputation make it a highly sought-after product, so much so that it is one of the few manufactured products of which second-hand price can exceed that of a new one.
Departments of the Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo is divided into 15 departments since the adoption of the corresponding laws in October 2024. These departments replaced former regions (régions, singular région) in 2002:

According to the laws published in October 2024 and the cartographic coordinates, the new regions are:

Congo-Oubangui. Formed by the districts of Bokoma, Liranga (formerly in Likouala), Loukoléla District and Mossaka.

Nkéni-Alima. Formed by the districts of Makotimpoko District, Ongogni District, Gamboma, Abala and Allembé District.

Djoué-Léfini. Formed by the districts of Ngabé, Mayama, Vindza, Kimba and Ignié.

These regions are subdivided into more than 100 districts and 16 communes; which are further subdivided into urban communities (communautés urbaines) and rural communities (communautés rurales); which are further subdivided into quarters or neighborhoods (quartiers) and villages.

Communes of the Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo includes 16 communes, some divided in urban boroughs (arrondissements) and in quarters.

Two of these communes, Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, have the same name as their respective departments, but the departments also cover other administrative units.

In October 2024, the commune of Kintélé was transferred from the department of Pool to the department of Brazzaville.

The list of the communes sorted by departments (with the number of arrondissements):

Bouenza: Madingou (0) and Nkayi (2)

Brazzaville: Brazzaville (9) and Kintélé (0)

Cuvette : Owando (0) and Oyo (0)

Cuvette-Ouest: Ewo (0)

Lékoumou: Sibiti (0)

Likouala:  Impfondo (0)

Niari : Dolisie (2) and Mossendjo (2)

Plateaux: Djambala (0)

Pointe-Noire: Pointe-Noire (6)

Pool: Kinkala (0)

Sangha: Ouésso (2) and Pokola (0)
Flag of Labrador
The flag of Labrador, while unofficial, is used to represent Labrador, the continental region with adjacent islands of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador as distinct from the Newfoundland region of the province. It was created by a small group led by Michael S. Martin, who was then the representative for Labrador South in the provincial legislature. The flag has been influential in Labrador; its colours are mirrored in the flag of Nunatsiavut, and its black (bog) spruce twig was adopted for use on the Franco-Terreneuvien flag. The black spruce, a member of the pine family, is the most numerous tree in Labrador and in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The black spruce is the official tree of the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and thus serves as a reminder that Labrador is part of that larger entity.

Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador
The flag of Newfoundland and Labrador was introduced in 1980 and was designed by Newfoundland artist Christopher Pratt. The flag design was approved by the House of Assembly of the province of Newfoundland, Canada, on May 28, 1980. It was flown for the first time on Discovery Day, June 24, 1980. The name of the province was changed to Newfoundland and Labrador by an amendment to the constitution of Canada in December 2001 at the request of the provincial legislature.
2019 New Zealand Sevens
The 2019 New Zealand Sevens was the third tournament within the 2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series and the twentieth edition of the New Zealand Sevens. It was held on 26–27 January 2019 at FMG Stadium Waikato, Hamilton.

An invitational competition for women's teams, the Women's Fast Four, was held alongside the men's tournament as the precursor to fully integrated men's and women's tournaments planned for Hamilton in 2020.

2019 New Zealand Women's Sevens
The 2019 New Zealand Women's Sevens Fast Four or Women's Fast Four was the inaugural women's sevens tournament held on 26–27 January 2019 at FMG Stadium Waikato, Hamilton alongside the 2019 New Zealand Sevens.

In August 2018, New Zealand Rugby announced the Black Ferns Sevens would play France, England and China at the Women's Fast Four. Each team played four matches a week before round three of the Sydney Women's Sevens in Sydney. Although the Black Ferns Sevens had previously played exhibition matches in New Zealand, the 2019 HSBC New Zealand Sevens was the first time the team had competed in an international tournament on home turf.
Speedo
Speedo International Limited is an Australian-British distributor of swimwear and swim-related accessories based in Nottingham, England.

Founded in Sydney, Australia in 1914 by Alexander MacRae, a Scottish emigrant, the company is now a subsidiary of the British Pentland Group. Today, the Speedo brand can be found on products ranging from swimsuits and goggles to wristwatches. The Speedo brand was previously manufactured for and marketed in North America as Speedo USA by PVH, under an exclusive perpetual licence, which had acquired prior licensee Warnaco Group in 2013. In January 2020, the Pentland Group purchased back the rights from PVH for $170 million in cash, subject to regulatory approval.

In accordance with its Australian roots, Speedo uses a boomerang as its symbol. Due to its success in the swimwear industry, the word Speedo has become a very well-known trademark brand for racing bathing suits.

Warnaco Group
The Warnaco Group, Inc. was an American textile/clothing corporation which designed, sourced, marketed, licensed, and distributed a wide range of underwear, sportswear, and swimwear worldwide. Its products were sold under several brand names including Calvin Klein, Speedo, Chaps, Warner's, and Olga.

On 31 October 2012, the company announced that it would be acquired by PVH for $2.8 billion in cash and stock.

The deal gave PVH more control of the Calvin Klein clothing brand as it will unite Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and sportswear lines. It was acquired by PVH in Feb 2013.

In November 2023, PVH sold the Warners and Olga brands to Basic Resources, Inc.
Killenworth
Killenworth is a historic mansion in Glen Cove, New York constructed for George Dupont Pratt in 1912. It was purchased by the Soviet Union in 1946 to become the country retreat of the Soviet, and later Russian, delegation to the United Nations. In the 1980s the property was subject to allegations it was being used for espionage. There has been a long-standing conflict with the City of Glen Cove over its tax status.

Permanent Mission of Russia to the United Nations
The Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations in New York (Постоянное представительство Российской Федерации при ООН в г. Нью-Йорк) is a diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations with headquarters in New York.  The current permanent representative of the diplomatic mission is Vasily Nebenzya.
Myringotomy
A myringotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is created in the eardrum (tympanic membrane) to relieve pressure caused by excessive buildup of fluid, or to drain pus from the middle ear. A tympanostomy tube may be inserted through the eardrum to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged time and to prevent reaccumulation of fluid. Without the insertion of a tube, the incision usually heals spontaneously within two to three weeks.  Depending on the type, the tube is either naturally extruded in 6 to 12 months or removed during a minor procedure.

Those requiring myringotomy usually have an obstructed or dysfunctional eustachian tube that is unable to perform drainage or ventilation in its usual fashion. Before the invention of antibiotics, myringotomy without tube placement was also used as a major treatment of severe acute otitis media (middle ear infection).

Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea. The ear thereby converts and amplifies vibration in the air to vibration in cochlear fluid. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. Collapse or retraction of the eardrum can cause conductive hearing loss or cholesteatoma.
New College, Oxford
New College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1379 by Bishop William of Wykeham in conjunction with Winchester College as New College's feeder school, New College was one of the first colleges in the university to admit and tutor undergraduate students.

The college is in the centre of Oxford, between Holywell Street and New College Lane (known for Oxford's Bridge of Sighs). Its sister college is King's College, Cambridge. The choir of New College has recorded over one hundred albums, and has won two Gramophone Awards.

Choir of New College Oxford
The Choir of New College Oxford is part of the collegiate foundation of New College, Oxford, established by William of Wykeham in 1379. It is one of England's oldest choral foundations and is the oldest of its kind in Oxford and Cambridge, predating its sister college in Cambridge by more than sixty years. Consisting of approximately 16 boys and 14 men, it is one of the main choral foundations of the University of Oxford and is regarded as one of the leading choirs of the world. Under Edward Higginbottom, the choir was characterised by a robust sound that allowed individual voices to be heard, and has two Gramophone Awards to its name.
Burnside, South Lanarkshire
Burnside  is a mostly residential area in the town of Rutherglen in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. Including the neighbourhoods of High Burnside and High Crosshill, respectively south and north-west of its main street, it borders Overtoun Park in Rutherglen plus several other residential areas of the town (Blairbeth, Cathkin, Eastfield, Fernhill, Springhall and Stonelaw), as well as western parts of neighbouring Cambuslang.

Burnside is the largest component of the Rutherglen South ward of South Lanarkshire Council, which has an overall population of around 15,000.

Fernhill, South Lanarkshire
Fernhill is a residential neighbourhood in the Scottish town of Rutherglen in South Lanarkshire; it is situated south of the River Clyde and borders the Rutherglen neighbourhoods of High Burnside to the north and Cathkin to the east, the Glasgow district of Castlemilk to the west, and the open lands of Fernbrae Meadows (formerly Blairbeth Golf Club which closed in 2015) to the south. Its location on a steep incline which is part of the Cathkin Braes range of hills offers panoramic views over the south and eastern parts of Greater Glasgow.

Fernhill is within the Rutherglen South ward of South Lanarkshire Council which is also the extent of the neighbourhood community policing zone; local councillors include the politician Robert Brown.
3-Chloromethcathinone
3-Chloromethcathinone (3-CMC), also known as clophedrone, is a synthetic substance belonging to the cathinone class of psychoactive compounds. It is very similar in structure to other methcathinone derivatives such as 3-MMC and 4-CMC. Unlike cathinone, which occurs naturally in the khat plant Catha edulis, 3-CMC is not found in nature and is solely produced through chemical synthesis.

First detected in 2014, 3-CMC gained attention for its stimulating effects that are described to be similar to the effects of mephedrone and, to a lesser extent, those of MDMA and cocaine. 3-CMC has been sold online as a designer drug mainly in European countries such as Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and Sweden. It is a controlled substance in many countries.

4-Chloromethcathinone
4-Chloromethcathinone (also known as 4-CMC and clephedrone) is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug.

4-CMC produces similar effects to mephedrone, and has been sold as an alternative in countries where mephedrone was scheduled.
Orchha Fort complex
The Orchha Fort complex, which houses a large number of ancient monuments consisting of the fort, palaces, temple, and other edifices, is located in the Orchha town in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The fort and other structures within it were built by the Bundela Rajputs starting from the early 16th century by King Rudra Pratap Singh of the Orchha State and others who followed him.

The fort complex, which is accessed from an arched causeway, leads to a large gateway. This is followed by a large quadrangular open yard surrounded by palaces. These are Raja Mahal or Raja Mandir, Sheesh Mahal, Jahangir Mahal, a temple, gardens and pavilions. The battlements of the fort have ornamentation. Notable architectural features in the fort complex are projecting balconies, open flat areas and decorated latticed windows.

Jahangir Mahal, Orchha
25°21′03″N 78°38′39″E﻿ / ﻿25.350697°N 78.644219°E﻿ / 25.350697; 78.644219

Jahangir Mahal, Citadel of Jahangir, Orchha Palace, Mahal-e-Jahangir Orchha, Jahangir Citadel is a citadel and garrison located in Orchha, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Cabang Atas
The Cabang Atas (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System: Tjabang Atas)—literally 'upper branch' in Indonesian—was the traditional Chinese establishment or gentry of colonial Indonesia. They were the families and descendants of the Chinese officers, high-ranking colonial civil bureaucrats with the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen. They were referred to as the baba bangsawan (‘Chinese gentry’) in Indonesian, and the ba-poco in Java Hokkien.

As a privileged social class, they exerted a powerful influence on the political, economic and social life of pre-revolutionary Indonesia, in particular on its local Chinese community. Their institutional control of the Chinese officership declined with the colonial ethical policy of the early twentieth century, but their political, economic and social influence lasted until the Indonesian revolution (1945-1950).

Kapitan Cina
Kapitan Cina (lit. 'Captain of the Chinese'; Chinese: 華人甲必丹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hôa-jîn Kap-pit-tan; pinyin: Huárén Jiǎbìdān; Dutch: Kapitein der Chinezen; Spanish: Capitán Chino), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaya, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively.
Cleopatra V
Cleopatra V (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα; died c. 69–68 BC) was a Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt. She is the only surely attested wife of Ptolemy XII. Her only known child is Berenice IV, but she was also possibly the mother of Cleopatra VII. It is unclear if she died around the time of Cleopatra VII's birth in 69 BC. If she did not die in c. 69 BC, she may be the same person as the co-ruler of Berenice IV, known as Cleopatra VI. No written records about Cleopatra VI exist after 57 BC. Berenice IV was overthrown by Ptolemy XII in 55 BC, when his throne was restored with Roman military aid.

Berenice IV
Berenice IV Epiphaneia (Ancient Greek: Βερενίκη; 77–55 BC, born and died in Alexandria, Egypt) was ruling Ptolemaic queen and Hellenistic pharaoh of the Ptolemaic kingdom. From 58 to 55 BC, Berenice IV ruled Egypt during the political exile of her father Ptolemy XII Auletes to Rome. She was co-ruler of Egypt with Cleopatra VI from 58 to 57 BC, but became sole ruler in 57 BC. On the return of Ptolemy XII to Egypt with Roman military aid and an army led by Aulus Gabinius, Berenice IV was overthrown and executed by her rival father, who later bequeathed his throne to his daughter Cleopatra VII and son Ptolemy XIII as co-rulers.
Old State House (Little Rock, Arkansas)
The Old State House, formerly called the Arkansas State House, is the oldest surviving state capitol building west of the Mississippi River. It was the capitol building of Arkansas from 1842 to 1912, when the new Arkansas State Capitol was completed.

It was the site of the secession convention, as well as the fourth constitutional convention when delegates agreed to ensure voting rights for freedmen and establish public education.

Arkansas State Capitol
The Arkansas State Capitol, often called the Capitol Building, is the home of the Arkansas General Assembly, and the seat of the Arkansas state government that sits atop Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the Capitol Mall in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Bhujimol script
The Bhujimol script (or Bhujinmol, Devanagari: भुजिमोल or भुजिंमोल) is the most ancient form of Nepal script. It is also one of the most common varieties of the Nepal alphabet. The Bhujimol script has been used to write Newar language and Sanskrit.

Nepalese scripts
Nepalese scripts (Nepal Lipi: 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐁𑐏𑐮, Devanagari: नेपाल आखल) are a family of alphabetic writing systems employed historically in Nepal Mandala by the indigenous Newar people for primarily writing Nepal Bhasa. It is also used for transcribing Sanskrit and Pali. There are also some claims they have also been used to write the Parbatiya (Khas) language.

These scripts were in widespread use from the 10th to the early 20th-century, but have since been largely supplanted by the modern script known as Devanagari. Of the older scripts, about 50,000 manuscripts written in Nepal Lipi have been archived.
Meagan Simonaire
Meagan C. Simonaire (born August 8, 1990) is a former American politician from Maryland and was the youngest member of the Maryland General Assembly. She represented House District 31B (which includes Pasadena and portions of Glen Burnie, Millersville and Severna Park) in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2014 to 2018. She is the daughter of Maryland State Senator Bryan Simonaire.

Bryan Simonaire
Bryan Warner Simonaire (born September 6, 1963) is an American politician who serves as a Maryland state senator representing District 31, which encompasses much of northern Anne Arundel County's Baltimore suburbs. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the minority leader of the Maryland Senate from 2020 to 2023.

Born in Baltimore, Simonaire graduated from Bob Jones University and Loyola University Maryland, afterwards working as a computer systems engineer for Westinghouse Electronic Systems. He was elected to the Maryland Senate in 2006, defeating Democratic state delegate Walter Shandrowsky in the general election. He was subsequently re-elected in 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022. From 2020 to 2023, Simonaire served as minority leader of the Maryland Senate, during which the Republican Party lost two state senate seats in the 2022 elections.
Bristol Phoebus
The Bristol Phoebus was an early turbojet engine developed by Bristol Engines. It was based on the gas generator core of the Bristol Proteus. The Phoebus was used for development but only a handful were made. As with other Bristol engines, it took its name from classical mythology.

Bristol Proteus
The Bristol Proteus was the Bristol Engine Company's first mass-produced gas turbine engine design, a turboprop that delivered just over 4,000 hp (3,000 kW). The Proteus was a reverse-flow gas turbine. Because the second turbine drove no compressor stages, but only the propeller, this engine was classified as a free-turbine. It powered the Bristol Britannia airliner, small naval patrol craft, hovercraft and electrical generating sets. It was also used to power a land-speed record car, the Bluebird-Proteus CN7. After the merger of Bristol with Armstrong Siddeley the engine became the Bristol Siddeley Proteus, and later the Rolls-Royce Proteus.
The Proteus was to have been superseded by the Bristol Orion which would have given a Britannia a 75% increase in power for cruising faster.
Summary Jurisdiction Act 1848
The Summary Jurisdiction Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 43), also known as the Duties of Justices (Summary Convictions) Act 1848 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated the provisions of a large number of statutes relating to summary jurisdiction. The act is one of the Jervis's Acts, also known as Summary Jurisdiction Acts, which reformed the local administration of justice in England.

Summary jurisdiction
Summary jurisdiction, in the widest sense of the phrase, in English law includes the power asserted by courts of record to deal brevi manu (directly) with contempts of court without the intervention of a jury. Probably the power was originally exercisable only when the fact was notorious, i.e. done in presence of the court. But it has long been exercised as to contempts outside of a court.

The term is also applied to the special powers given by statute or rules to the High Court of Justice and to county courts for dealing with certain classes of causes or matters by methods more simple and expeditious than the ordinary procedure of an action. But the phrase in modern times is applied almost exclusively to forms of jurisdiction exercised by justices of the peace out of general or quarter sessions, and without the assistance of a jury.
Abstract simplicial complex
In combinatorics, an abstract simplicial complex (ASC), often called an abstract complex or just a complex, is a family of sets that is closed under taking subsets, i.e., every subset of a set in the family is also in the family. It is a purely combinatorial description of the geometric notion of a simplicial complex. For example, in a 2-dimensional simplicial complex, the sets in the family are the triangles (sets of size 3), their edges (sets of size 2), and their vertices (sets of size 1).

In the context of matroids and greedoids, abstract simplicial complexes are also called independence systems.

An abstract simplex can be studied algebraically by forming its Stanley–Reisner ring; this sets up a powerful relation between combinatorics and commutative algebra.

Simplicial complex
In mathematics, a simplicial complex is a structured set of simplices (for example, points, line segments, triangles, and their n-dimensional counterparts) such that all the faces and intersections of the elements are also included in the set (see illustration). Simplicial complexes should not be confused with the more abstract notion of a simplicial set appearing in modern simplicial homotopy theory. The purely combinatorial counterpart to a simplicial complex is an abstract simplicial complex. To distinguish a simplicial complex from an abstract simplicial complex, the former is often called a geometric simplicial complex.: 7