hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scaphoid bone
The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones of the wrist. It is situated between the hand and forearm on the thumb side of the wrist (also called the lateral or radial side). It forms the radial border of the carpal tunnel. The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist bones, its long axis being from above downward, lateralward, and forward. It is approximately the size and shape of a medium cashew nut.

Carpal bones
The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm. The terms "carpus" and "carpal" are derived from the Latin carpus and the Greek καρπός (karpós), meaning "wrist". In human anatomy, the main role of the carpal bones is to articulate with the radial and ulnar heads to form a highly mobile condyloid joint (i.e. wrist joint), to provide attachments for thenar and hypothenar muscles, and to form part of the rigid carpal tunnel which allows the median nerve and tendons of the anterior forearm muscles to be transmitted to the hand and fingers.

In tetrapods, the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically.
Hodulcine
Hodulcines (or hodulosides) are a group of glycosides of dammarane-type triterpenes which are isolated from the leaves of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae), also known as Japanese raisin tree.  Several glycoside homologs have been found in this plant, including hoduloside I, which exhibits anti-sweet activity, but is less potent than gymnemic acid 1.

Gymnemic acid
Gymnemic acids are a class of chemical compounds isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Apocynaceae).  They are anti-sweet compounds, or sweetness inhibitors. After chewing the leaves, solutions sweetened with sugar taste like water.

Chemically, gymnemic acids are triterpenoid glycosides.  The central structure is the aglycone gymnemagenin (C30H50O6). This is adorned with a sugar such as glucuronic acid and with various ester groups.  These variations give rise to the different gymnemic acids.  More than 20 homologs of gymnemic acid are known.

Gymnemic acid I has the highest anti-sweet properties.  It suppresses the sweetness of most of the sweeteners including intense artificial sweeteners such as aspartame and natural sweeteners such as thaumatin, a sweet protein. The anti-sweet activity is reversible, but sweetness recovery on the tongue can take more than 10 minutes.
Ágatha Bednarczuk
Ágatha Bednarczuk Rippel (born 22 June 1983), frequently referred to as just Ágatha, is a Brazilian international beach volleyball player, playing as a blocker. She won the gold medal at the 2015 World Championships, as well as a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, alongside her teammate Bárbara Seixas.

Bárbara Seixas
Bárbara Seixas de Freitas (born 8 March 1987) is a Brazilian beach volleyball player, playing as a defender. In 2012, she was named FIVB top Rookie of the year. Seixas is a three-time youth World Champion and has reached the podium in several FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour tournaments. She won a bronze medal at the 2013 World Championships alongside her teammate Liliane Maestrini, and per 13 August 2013 they rank third among the women's money leaders with $108,875.

In 2015, Seixas and her partner Ágatha won a gold medal at the 2015 Beach Volleyball World Championships.
Urethra
The urethra (pl.: urethras or urethrae) is the tube that transports urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus of the penis or vulva in placental mammals, and in males also transports semen during ejaculation.

The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. The internal sphincter, formed by the involuntary smooth muscles lining the bladder neck and urethra, is innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and is found both in males and females.

Urinary meatus
The urinary meatus (/miːˈeɪtəs/, mee-AY-təs; pl.: meati or meatuses), also known as the external urethral meatus or external urethral orifice, is the opening where urine exits the urethra through the penis or vulva during urination. It is also where semen exits during male ejaculation, and other fluids during female ejaculation. The meatus has varying degrees of sensitivity to touch.
Michael Alsbury
Michael Tyner Alsbury (March 19, 1975 – October 31, 2014) was an American test pilot for Scaled Composites. He died on October 31, 2014, during test flight PF04 of the Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo VSS Enterprise.

VSS Enterprise crash
The VSS Enterprise crash occurred on October 31, 2014, when VSS Enterprise, a SpaceShipTwo experimental spaceflight test vehicle operated by Virgin Galactic, suffered a catastrophic in-flight breakup during a test flight and crashed in the Mojave Desert near Cantil, California. Co-pilot Michael Alsbury was killed and pilot Peter Siebold was seriously injured.

The National Transportation Safety Board later concluded that the breakup was caused by Alsbury's premature unlocking of the air brake device used for atmospheric re-entry. The NTSB said other important factors in the accident were inadequate design safeguards, poor pilot training and lack of rigorous oversight by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
St. Andreasberg rack railway
The St. Andreasberg rack railway (German: Zahnradbahn St. Andreasberg) was a standard gauge, mixed rack and adhesion railway in the Upper Harz in central Germany. The railway opened in 1913, linking the station at St. Andreasberg Stadt to St. Andreasberg West on the Oder Valley branch line, and closed in 1959.

Oder Valley Railway
The Oder Valley Railway (German: Odertalbahn) was a railway line that ran from Scharzfeld, through Bad Lauterberg, to Sankt Andreasberg-Silberhütte. It traced the upper course of the River Oder in the West Harz mountains.
Seaboard Coast Line Railroad
The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark SCL) was a Class I railroad company operating in the Southeastern United States beginning in 1967. Its passenger operations were taken over by Amtrak in 1971. Eventually, the railroad was merged with its affiliate lines to create the Seaboard System in 1983.

At the end of 1970, SCL operated 9,230 miles of railroad, not including A&WP-Clinchfield-CN&L-GM-Georgia-L&N-Carrollton; that year it reported 31,293 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 512 million passenger-miles.

Seaboard System Railroad
The Seaboard System Railroad, Inc. (reporting mark SBD) was a US Class I railroad that operated from 1982 to 1986.

Since the late 1960s, Seaboard Coast Line Industries had operated the Seaboard Coast Line and its sister railroads—notably the Louisville & Nashville and Clinchfield—as the "Family Lines System". In 1980, SCLI merged with the Chessie System to create the holding company CSX Corporation; two years later, CSX merged the Family Lines railroads to create the Seaboard System Railroad.

In 1986, Seaboard renamed itself CSX Transportation, which absorbed the Chessie System's two major railroads the following year.
Hypolimnion
The hypolimnion or under lake is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. The word "hypolimnion" is derived from Ancient Greek: λιμνίον, romanized: limníon, lit. 'lake'. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline.

Typically the hypolimnion is the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter. In deep, temperate lakes, the bottom-most waters of the hypolimnion are typically close to 4 °C throughout the year. The hypolimnion may be much warmer in lakes at warmer latitudes. Being at depth, it is isolated from surface wind-mixing during summer, and usually receives insufficient irradiance (light) for photosynthesis to occur.

Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is
a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth. In the ocean, the thermocline divides the upper mixed layer from the calm deep water below.

Depending largely on season, latitude, and turbulent mixing by wind, thermoclines may be a semi-permanent feature of the body of water in which they occur, or they may form temporarily in response to phenomena such as the radiative heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night. Factors that affect the depth and thickness of a thermocline include seasonal weather variations, latitude, and local environmental conditions, such as tides and currents.
2025 Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills provincial by-election
A by-election took place on June 23, 2025 in the Albertan provincial riding of Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills to replace Nathan Cooper. It was held on the same day as byelections in Edmonton-Strathcona and Edmonton-Ellerslie.

The by-election was held following Nathan Cooper's resignation as MLA upon being appointed as Alberta's representative in Washington beginning in June 2025.

2025 Edmonton-Strathcona provincial by-election
A by-election was held on June 23, 2025 in the Alberta provincial riding of Edmonton-Strathcona to replace Rachel Notley, the former leader of the Alberta New Democratic Party, following her resignation on December 30, 2024. The election occurred alongside 2 other provincial by-elections in Edmonton-Ellerslie and Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills. Naheed Nenshi, the leader of the New Democratic Party since June 22, 2024 won the by-election and became the leader of the Opposition in the Alberta Legislative Assembly.
Ferrari 312T
The Ferrari 312T was a Ferrari Formula One car design, based on the 312B3 from 1974. In various versions, it was used from 1975 until 1980. It was designed by Mauro Forghieri for the 1975 season, and was an uncomplicated and clean design that responded well to mechanical upgrades.

The 312T series won 27 races, four Constructors' and three Drivers' Championships, making it the most successful car design in Formula One history. It was replaced for the 1981 season by the 126 C, Ferrari's first turbocharged F1 car. It was also Ferrari's last naturally-aspirated F1 car until the Ferrari 640 in 1989, after the ban on turbocharged engines.

Ferrari 126C
The Ferrari 126C is the car with which Ferrari raced from the 1981 through the 1984 Formula One season. The team's first attempt at a turbocharged Formula 1 car, it was designed by Mauro Forghieri and Harvey Postlethwaite. The engine chief engineer was Nicola Materazzi.
Belair Stable Museum (Bowie, Maryland)
The Belair Stable Museum is located at 2835 Belair Drive in Bowie, Maryland. It is operated by the City of Bowie, Maryland. The building once housed the Belair Stud Farm until 1957 when the Woodward family sold the Belair Estate to Levitt & Sons for the construction of Belair at Bowie.

This U-shaped sandstone equine stable was built in 1907 for James T. Woodward, then owner of the Belair Mansion. The elaborate stable building reflects Belair's long and distinguished association with thoroughbred horse racing and breeding.

The stable sits on 2 acres (8,100 m2) located about 1000  feet northeast of the Belair Mansion. Once part of the large estate, the stable building is now surrounded by residential development. The building itself is a U-shaped structure with a 1+1⁄2-story main block and single-story flanking wings, forming an open exercise yard to the center.

Belair Mansion (Bowie, Maryland)
The Belair Mansion, located in the historic Collington area and in Bowie, Maryland, United States, built c. 1745, is the Georgian style plantation house of Provincial Governor of Maryland, Samuel Ogle. Later home to another Maryland governor, the mansion is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Belair is recognized as the only great colonial estate where breeding of race horses was conducted over the course of three centuries. The estate significantly influenced the development of thoroughbred horse racing in the New World, having one of only two stables to raise two Triple Crown champions. The mansion and its nearby stables both serve as museums, operated by the City of Bowie.
Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro
Danilo Aleksandar Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Данило Александар Петровић-Његош; 29 June 1871– 24 September 1939) was the Crown Prince of Montenegro. He was the eldest son of King Nicholas I of Montenegro and his wife, Queen Milena.

Nicholas I of Montenegro
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола I Петровић-Његош; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1841 – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. His grandsons were kings Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Umberto II of Italy, among others.
John Chisholm (archbishop of Melanesia)
John Wallace Chisholm, (14 September 1923 – 24 May 1975) was an Australian divine who served as the tenth Anglican Bishop of Melanesia and first Archbishop of the Province of Melanesia.

He was educated at Trinity College, University of Melbourne and ordained in 1947. His first post was as a Curate at St Stephen's Church, Rochester Row, Westminster after which he was Sub-Dean of Ss Peter and Paul Cathedral, Dogura, Territory of Papua and New Guinea. From his consecration as a bishop on 24 February 1964 until 1967 he was an Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of New Guinea when he became Bishop of Melanesia, a post he held until 26 January 1975 aged 51, when the Diocese of Melanesia became a province and he automatically became Archbishop of Melanesia (and Primate) and Bishop of Central Melanesia. He died on 24 May, shortly after signing the last paperwork of the Province's creation process.

Archbishop of Melanesia
The Archbishop of Melanesia is the spiritual head of the Anglican Church of Melanesia, which is a province of the Anglican Communion in the South Pacific region, covering the nations of Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. From 1861 until the inauguration of Church of the Province of Melanesia in 1975, the Bishop of Melanesia was the head of the Diocese of Melanesia.
Nick Bosa
Nicholas John Bosa (/ˈboʊsə/; born October 23, 1997) is an American professional football defensive end for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes and was selected second overall by the 49ers in the 2019 NFL draft. Bosa was named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year and helped his team reach Super Bowl LIV. In 2022, he won the NFL Defensive Player of the Year award. He is the son of former NFL defensive end John Bosa and younger brother of current NFL defensive end Joey Bosa.

Joey Bosa
Joseph Anthony Bosa (/ˈboʊsə/; born July 11, 1995) is an American professional football defensive end for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes and was selected third overall by the then San Diego Chargers in the 2016 NFL draft, where he was named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year. He is the son of former NFL player John Bosa and the older brother of current NFL player Nick Bosa.
Ichijō Tsunetsugu
Ichijō Tsunetsugu (一条 経嗣; 1358 – December 14, 1418), son of Nijō Yoshimoto and adopted son of regent Tsunemichi, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku three times from 1394 to 1398, from 1399 to 1408, and from 1410 to 1418. He married a daughter of Takatsukasa Fuyumichi, and the couple had a son named Ichijō Tsunesuke (一条 経輔; ?-?). His other wife gave birth to Kaneyoshi.

Ichijō Kaneyoshi
Ichijō Kaneyoshi (一条 兼良; June 7, 1402 – April 30, 1481), also known as Ichijō Kanera, was the son of regent Tsunetsugu.  He was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held regent positions sesshō in 1432, and kampaku from 1447 to 1453 and from 1467 to 1470. Norifusa and Fuyuyoshi were his sons. One of his daughters, Keishi (経子), married Takatsukasa Masahira.

Before the Ōnin War, he "enjoyed universal respect for his scholarship, had a large and distinguished family, and owned perhaps the finest library of the time".  Kaneyoshi fled to Nara, where his son was the abbot of the Kofuku-ji monastery.  He remained there for ten years before returning to the capital.

In 1478 (Bunmei 10), Kanera published Bummei ittō-ki (On the Unity of Knowledge and Culture) which deals with political ethics and six points about the duties of a prince.
British Motor Holdings
British Motor Holdings Limited (BMH) was a British vehicle manufacturing company known until 14 December 1966 as British Motor Corporation Limited (BMC). BMH was created as a holding company following BMC's takeover of both Jaguar Cars and the Pressed Steel Company in that year.

Thirteen months later, on 17 January 1968, under direct pressure from its national government, BMH merged with Leyland Motor Corporation (Standard-Triumph, Rover and Alvis cars, Leyland trucks and buses, Alvis fighting vehicles) to form British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC).

Leyland Motors
Leyland Motors Limited (later known as the Leyland Motor Corporation) was an English vehicle manufacturer of lorries, buses and trolleybuses. The company diversified into car manufacturing with its acquisitions of Triumph and Rover in 1960 and 1967, respectively. It gave its name to the British Leyland Motor Corporation, formed when it merged with British Motor Holdings in 1968, to become British Leyland after having been nationalised. British Leyland later changed its name to simply BL, then in 1986 to Rover Group.

After the various vehicle manufacturing businesses of BL and its successors went defunct or were divested, the following marques survived: Jaguar and Land Rover, now built by Jaguar Land Rover owned by TATA Motors; MG, now built by MG Motor, and Mini, now built by BMW. The truck building operation survived largely intact as Leyland Trucks, a subsidiary of Paccar.
Osman Mohamoud (clan)
The Osman Mahmoud (Somali: Cismaan Maxamuud; Arabic: عثمان محمود) is a Somali sub-clan of the Majeerteen clan. The Majeerteen clan is part of the Harti branch of the larger Darod clan. The sub-clan has a documented historical presence in the Horn of Africa and is associated with the Majeerteen Sultanate and the Sultanate of Hobyo.

Majeerteen
The Majeerteen, (Somali: Majeerteen, Arabic: ماجرتين; also spelled Majerteen, Macherten, Majertain, or Mijurtin) alternately known as Mohammed Harti, is a Somali sub-clan part of the Harti branch of the Darod clan. Traditionally, they inhabit extensive territories in the Bari, Nugaal, and Mudug regions of Somalia, spanning from Bosaso to Garacad, mainly in Puntland state. Additionally, Majeerteen populations are present in southern towns such as Kismayo.
Hand cannon
The hand cannon (simplified Chinese: 火铳; traditional Chinese: 火銃; pinyin: huǒchòng or 手铳; 手銃; shǒuchòng), also known as the gonne or handgonne, is the first true firearm and the successor of the fire lance. It is the oldest type of small arms, as well as the most mechanically simple form of metal barrel firearms. Unlike matchlock firearms it requires direct manual external ignition through a touch hole without any form of firing mechanism. It may also be considered a forerunner of the handgun. The hand cannon was widely used in China from the 13th century onward and later throughout Eurasia in the 14th century. In 15th century Europe, the hand cannon evolved to become the matchlock arquebus, which became the first firearm to have a trigger.

Fire lance
The fire lance (simplified Chinese: 火枪; traditional Chinese: 火槍; pinyin: huǒqiāng; lit. 'fire spear') was a gunpowder weapon used by lighting it on fire, and is the ancestor of modern firearms. It first appeared in 10th–12th century China and was used to great effect during the Jin-Song Wars. It began as a small pyrotechnic device attached to a polearm weapon, used to gain a shock advantage at the start of a melee. As gunpowder improved, the explosive discharge was increased, and debris or pellets added, giving it some of the effects of a combination modern flamethrower and shotgun, but with a very short range (about 3 meters or 10 feet), and only one shot (although some were designed for two shots). By the late 13th century, fire lance barrels had transitioned to metal material to better withstand the explosive blast, and the lance-point was discarded in favor of relying solely on the gunpowder blast. These became the first hand cannons.
Prestige Records
Prestige Records is a jazz record company and label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock in New York City which issued recordings in the mainstream, bop, and cool jazz idioms. The company recorded hundreds of albums by many of the leading jazz musicians of the day, sometimes issuing them on subsidiary labels. The company's began releasing jazz records in 78 and 45 RPM formats in 1950.  The Prestige label includes the 13000 and 25000 cat# series. Prestige International was a sub-label of Prestige, active from 1960 to 1969, that mostly released folk music. In 1971, the company was sold to Fantasy, which was later absorbed by Concord.

Fantasy Records
Fantasy Records is an American independent record label company founded by brothers Max and Sol Stanley Weiss in 1949. The early years of the company were dedicated to issuing recordings by jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, who was also one of its investors, but in more recent years the label has been known for its recordings of comedian Lenny Bruce, jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, the last recordings made on the Wurlitzer organ in the San Francisco Fox Theatre before the theatre was demolished, organist Korla Pandit, the 1960s rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival, bandleader Woody Herman, and disco and R&B singer Sylvester.
Sigrid Kähler
Sigrid Kähler, also Sigrid Andersen Ring, (12 May 1874 – 9 May 1923) was a Danish ceramist and painter. Through her father, the ceramist Herman A. Kähler, she met the painter L. A. Ring. After their marriage in 1896, she inspired many of his works. Although she spent most of her time as a mother and housewife, she continued to paint occasionally and decorated ceramics. Her work together with that of her husband was exhibited in Ordrupgaard in 2017.

Herman A. Kähler
Herman August Kähler, usually known as Herman A. Kähler, (6 March 1846 – 16 November 1917) was a Danish ceramic designer and manufacturer who ran the Kähler ceramic factory (Kählers Keramiske Værksted) in Næstved, Denmark. His daughter Sigrid married the painter L.A. Ring.
North Andes plate
The North Andes plate or North Andes block is a small tectonic plate (microplate) located in the northern Andes. It is squeezed between the faster moving South American plate and the Nazca plate to the southwest. Due to the subduction of the Coiba and Malpelo plates, this area is very prone to volcanic and seismic activity, with many historical earthquakes.

Coiba plate
The Coiba plate is a small tectonic plate (microplate) located off the coasts south of Panama and northwestern Colombia. It is named after Coiba, the largest island of Central America, just north of the plate offshore southern Panama. It is bounded on the west by the Cocos plate, on the south by the Malpelo plate, on the east by the North Andes plate, and on the north by the Panama plate. This microplate was previously assumed to be part of the Nazca Plate, forming the northeastern tongue of the Nazca plate together with the Malpelo plate. Bordering the Coiba plate on the east are the north–south striking Bahía Solano Fault and east of that, the Serranía de Baudó, an isolated mountain chain in northwestern Chocó, Colombia.