hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Methodic school
The Methodic school (Methodics, Methodists, or Methodici, Greek: Μεθοδικοί) was a branch of medical thought in ancient Greece and Rome. It arose in reaction to both the Empiric school and the Dogmatic school (sometimes referred to as the Rationalist school). While the exact origins of the Methodic school are shrouded in some controversy, its doctrines are fairly well documented. Sextus Empiricus points to the school's common ground with Pyrrhonism, in that it “follow[s] the appearances and take[s] from these whatever seems expedient.”

Empiric school
The Empiric school of medicine (Empirics, Empiricists, or Empirici, Greek: Ἐμπειρικοί) was a school of medicine founded in Alexandria the middle of the third century BC. The school was a major influence on ancient Greek and Roman medicine. The school's name is derived from the word empeiria (ἐμπειρία "experience") because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school. Serapion of Alexandria, and Philinus of Cos, are regarded as the founders of this school in the 3rd century BC. Other physicians who belonged to this sect were: Apollonius of Citium, Glaucias, Heraclides, Bacchius, Zeuxis, Menodotus, Theodas, Herodotus of Tarsus, Aeschrion, Sextus Empiricus, and Marcellus Empiricus. The sect survived a long time, as Marcellus lived in the 4th century AD. The doctrines of this school are described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the introduction to his De Medicina.
Campina (company)
Campina is a Dutch dairy cooperative. Main brands include Campina and Mona. In 2008, it merged with Royal Friesland Foods. The name of the new company is FrieslandCampina.

The company history starts with many village cooperatives that gradually merged into each other and thus became big regional companies. Campina in its current form was created in 1989 by the merge of two of such regional cooperatives, Melkunie Holland and DMV Campina. After this merger the company was named Campina Melkunie until it dropped the Melkunie part in 2001.

In 2004, Campina and Arla, a Danish dairy cooperative, announced their plan to merge,  however this plan was disbanded in April 2005 for undisclosed reasons  although plans for other forms of cooperation would still be considered.

On 19 December 2007, Campina and Friesland Foods announced that the companies are exploring the possibility to merge. The EU approved the merger if the two cooperatives sell certain cheese and dairy drink divisions.

Friesland Foods
Royal Friesland Foods (Koninklijke Friesland Foods N.V.) was a Dutch company that developed, produced and sold branded dairy products and fruit-based drinks. Royal Friesland Foods had a strong presence in Western Europe, Central Europe, West Africa and Southeast Asia.

On 30 December 2008, Friesland Foods merged with Campina, under the new name of FrieslandCampina. The process was announced in December 2007. The EU conditioned the merger to the sale of certain cheese and dairy drink divisions by both companies.
Centaur-class aircraft carrier
The Centaur class aircraft carrier was the final iteration of the 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier developed by the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. They were designed in 1943 to operate higher-performance aircraft than the preceding Majestic-class aircraft carrier. Four ships were laid down in 1944-1945 and completed in 1953–1959. Rapid developments in carrier warfare and technology overtook the ships even as they were under construction, and the associated costs of modernisation led to ships being completed to different specifications. Only the last ship, HMS Hermes (R12), was fitted as a modern fixed-wing carrier; she was also the last of the class to retire in 2017 as INS Viraat.

HMS Hermes (R12)
HMS Hermes was a conventional British light aircraft carrier and the last of the Centaur class.

Hermes was in service with the Royal Navy from 1959 until 1984, and she served as the flagship of the British forces during the 1982 Falklands War.

After being sold to India in 1986, the vessel was recommissioned and remained in service with the Indian Navy as INS Viraat until 2017.
Caledonia Reds
Caledonia Reds were a Scottish rugby union team. They participated in two seasons of the Heineken Cup. They evolved from one of the traditional four amateur districts of Scotland, North and Midlands, in 1996.

Their home games were shared between Aberdeen and Perth. Previous Scottish national coach Frank Hadden once held the assistant coaching position with the Caledonia Reds.

In 1998, the SRU decided to merge the side with the Glasgow Rugby team, who today are known as the Glasgow Warriors.

The Caledonia district still exists: it does not field a side in the United Rugby Championship league, but it does have competitive age grade teams in Inter-District Championships.

Glasgow Warriors
The Glasgow Warriors are a professional rugby union side from Scotland. The team plays in the United Rugby Championship league and in the European Professional Club Rugby tournaments. In the 2014–15 season they won the Pro12 title and became the first Scottish team to win a major trophy in rugby union's professional era. In 2023–24 they became the first Scottish side to win the United Rugby Championship in its current form. The side is known for its fast, dynamic and attacking style of play, using offloads and quick rucks. Defensively the club prides itself on its 'Fortress Scotstoun' where the club play at home.
Tellier T.6
The Tellier T.6, also known as the Tellier TC.6 was a French flying boat produced for maritime patrol during World War I. It was a development of the Tellier T.3 with added cannon armament (Hence the C in the TC version of the designation) and a lengthened fuselage. Fifty-five examples served with the French Navy in the Atlantic and Mediterranean from 1917 until the end of the war. After the armistice, some examples served as training aircraft until 1922.

Tellier T.3
The Tellier T.3 was a French two-seat patrol biplane flying-boat designed and built by Société Alphonse Tellier et Cie à Neuilly (Tellier) and also produced by Société Anonyme des Établissements Nieuport (Nieuport).
George (son of David VII of Georgia)
George (Georgian: გიორგი, romanized: giorgi) (1250–1268) was a Georgian prince of the 13th century. He was the son of King David VII Ulu, and the designated heir to the throne of eastern Georgia. George is primarily remembered for his captivity at the Mongol court of Hulegu Khan. After being held as a hostage for a year, he was released and later took part in several military campaigns alongside his father. He died in 1268, before succeeding to the throne.

David VII
David VII, also known as David Ulu (Georgian: დავით VII ულუ, "David the Senior" in the Mongol language) (1215–1270), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was king (mepe) of Georgia from 1245 to 1270. He first ruled Georgia jointly with his namesake cousin, David VI, from 1246 to 1259. From 1259, David VI, revolting from the Mongol hegemony, seceded in the western half of the kingdom and formed the Kingdom of Western Georgia, while David VII was left to rule a reduced Kingdom of Georgia (1256–1329) in the region of eastern Georgia under Mongol control.
21 SAS (Reserve)
The 21 Special Air Service Regiment (Artists) (Reserve), historically known as The Artists Rifles, is a regiment of the British Army Reserve. Its name is abbreviated to 21 SAS(R).

Raised in London in 1859 as a volunteer light infantry unit, the regiment saw active service during the Second Boer War and the First World War, earning a number of battle honours. During the Second World War, it was used as an officer training unit. The regiment was disbanded in 1945, but in 1947 it was re-established to resurrect the Special Air Service Regiment. Together with 23 Special Air Service Regiment (Reserve) (23 SAS(R)), it forms the Special Air Service (Reserve) (SAS(R)) part of the United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF) directorate.

23 SAS (Reserve)
23 Special Air Service Regiment (Reserve) (23 SAS(R)) is a British Army Reserve special forces unit that forms part of United Kingdom Special Forces. Together with 21 Special Air Service Regiment (Artists) (Reserve) (21 SAS(R)), it forms the Special Air Service (Reserve) (SAS(R)). Unlike the regular SAS Regiment, it accepts members of the general population without prior military service.
Gospel riots
The Gospel riots (Greek: Ευαγγελικά, Evangelika), which took place on the streets of Athens in November 1901, were primarily a protest against the publication in the newspaper Akropolis of a translation into modern spoken Greek of the Gospel of Matthew, although other motives also played a part. The disorder reached a climax on 8 November, "Black Thursday", when eight demonstrators were killed.

In the aftermath of the violence, the Greek Orthodox Church reacted by banning any translation of the Bible into any form of modern demotic Greek, and by forbidding the employment of demoticist teachers, not just in Greece but anywhere in the Ottoman Empire.

The riots marked a turning-point in the history of the Greek language question, and the beginning of a long period of bitter antagonism between the Orthodox Church and the demoticist movement.: 244–52

Greek language question
The Greek language question (Greek: το γλωσσικό ζήτημα, to glossikó zítima) was a dispute about whether the vernacular of the Greek people (Demotic Greek) or a cultivated literary language based on Ancient Greek (Katharevousa) should be the prevailing language of the people and government of Greece. It was a highly controversial topic in the 19th and 20th centuries, and was finally resolved in 1976 when Demotic was made the official language. The language phenomenon in question, which also occurs elsewhere in the world, is called diglossia.
Les conteuses
Les conteuses were a group of French female authors active between 1690 and 1709 who wrote nearly two-thirds of the more than one hundred fairy tales published by French authors during this time. This group was composed of more than thirteen women, including Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy, Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier, Catherine Bernard, Henriette-Julie de Murat, Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force, and Catherine Durand. Although some speculation exists regarding their personal and professional relationships, these women maintained familiarity through their similar social statuses, frequent participation in French literary society, and interactions within their literature.

Henriette-Julie de Murat
Henriette-Julie de Murat (1668 in Paris – 9 September 1716 in Château de la Buzardière) was an aristocratic French writer of the late 17th century, associated with the Baroque Précieuses movement, and one of the leading members of the French Salons who created the fairy tale genre. She was considered to be part of les conteuses.
Lovers (1927 film)
Lovers or Lovers? is a 1927 silent film romance drama produced and distributed by MGM and directed by John M. Stahl. It stars Ramon Novarro and Alice Terry. It is based on the 1908 play The World and His Wife and is a remake of a 1920 silent of the same name from Paramount. Lovers is a lost film.

The World and His Wife
The World and His Wife is a lost American 1920 silent drama film produced by Cosmopolitan Productions and distributed through Paramount Pictures. Directed by Robert G. Vignola, the film was based on the 1908 Broadway play of the same name by Charles Frederic Nirdlinger, which was adapted from the Spanish language play El Gran Galeoto by José Echegaray y Eizaguirre. The film stars Alma Rubens, Montagu Love, and Pedro de Cordoba and Broadway actress Margaret Dale in her feature film debut.

The story was later filmed at MGM as Lovers (1927).
MS Lady Roz
MS Lady Roz is a ro-ro freight ferry built in 1978. It is a sister ship to Riverdance. She was probably best known for its time at Seatruck Ferries, named Moondance. The vessel was originally built for Emadala Shipping.

MS Riverdance
Riverdance was a roll-on/roll-off ferry in service with Seatruck Ferries on the Irish Sea. On 31 January 2008 she was hit by a wave that caused her cargo to shift and she beached at Blackpool, very close to the boundary with Cleveleys. Large amounts of the ship's cargo was spilled overboard after the ship ran aground, resulting in much of it being salvaged by members of the public. Attempts to refloat her failed, and she was scrapped on site during 2008.

Her normal route was Heysham – Warrenpoint. A cargo vessel, she was permitted under UK maritime law to carry up to 12 passengers.
Bourne, Massachusetts
Bourne (/bɔːrn/ BORN) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. The population was 20,452 at the 2020 census.

For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Bourne, please see the articles on Bourne (CDP), Buzzards Bay, Monument Beach, Pocasset, Sagamore, and Sagamore Beach.

Bourne (CDP), Massachusetts
The village of Bourne is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bourne in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 1,418 at the 2010 census, out of 19,754 in the town of Bourne as a whole.
Charlie Tagawa
Charlie Tagawa (October 27, 1935 – July 30, 2017) was a Japanese-born American musical entertainer and banjoist. In a music career spanning seven decades, he was regarded as one of the best contemporary four-string banjo players. He performed regularly across the U.S. and in Japan, where he was known professionally as "Japan's Harry Reser". A 2003 inductee into the National Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame, Tagawa often performed as the headline act at banjo jazz festivals and shows. He was also the international goodwill ambassador for the Peninsula Banjo Band.

Tagawa was a protégé of Reser's, who advised and encouraged him in the development of his single-string technique. In honour of his mentor, he regularly played Reser's original compositions, including "The Cat and the Dog", "Cracker Jack", and "Lolly Pops".

Peninsula Banjo Band
The Peninsula Banjo Band is an American musical group and 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation dedicated to preserving the musical legacy of the four-string banjo as well as raising money for cancer-related and other notable charities. The group is based in Northern California, around San Jose and San Francisco and has performed publicly every week since 1966 (over 2000 performances). One of its other contributions is in the form of music education (scholarships), frequent free public performances, and the hosting of an annual jazz festival that has featured the best of the professional and amateur banjo community since the 1970s. Formed in 1963, the PBB is known worldwide as one of North America's premier banjo jazz groups that has headlined numerous times over its history and been the opening act for notable entertainers and musical groups of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.
Lennard-Jones potential
In computational chemistry, molecular physics, and physical chemistry, the Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the LJ potential or 12-6 potential; named for John Lennard-Jones) is an intermolecular pair potential. Out of all the intermolecular potentials, the Lennard-Jones potential is probably the one that has been the most extensively studied. It is considered an archetype model for simple yet realistic intermolecular interactions. The Lennard-Jones potential is often used as a building block in molecular models (a.k.a. force fields) for more complex substances. Many studies of the idealized "Lennard-Jones substance" use the potential to understand the physical nature of matter.

Pair potential
In physics, a pair potential is a function that describes the potential energy of two interacting objects solely as a function of the distance between them.

Some interactions, like Coulomb's law in electrodynamics or Newton's law of universal gravitation in mechanics naturally have this form for simple spherical objects.
For other types of more complex interactions or objects it is useful and common to approximate the interaction by a pair potential, for example interatomic potentials in physics and computational chemistry that use approximations like the Lennard-Jones and Morse potentials.
Workman and Temple Family Homestead Museum
The Workman and Temple Family Homestead Museum is a historic house museum at 15415 East Don Julian Road in City of Industry, California, that features the homes and private cemetery that belonged to the Workman-Temple family.

Workman–Temple family
The Workman–Temple family relates to the pioneer interconnected Workman and Temple families that were prominent in: the history of colonial Pueblo de Los Angeles and American Los Angeles; the Los Angeles Basin and San Gabriel Valley regions; and Southern California from 1830 to 1930 in Mexican Alta California and the subsequent state of California, United States.
Trevor Catalano
Trevor Catalano (born August 1, 2006) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competes full-time in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, driving the No. 56 for Catalano Motorsports. He is the younger brother of Tyler Catalano and Tommy Catalano, who also compete in the Modified Tour.

Catalano has previously competed in series such as the SMART Modified Tour, the DIRTcar Sportsman Series, the Race of Champions Super Stocks, and the Indoor Auto Racing Championship.

In December 2023, it was revealed that Catalano would compete full-time in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour in 2024, driving alongside brothers Tyler and Tommy, thus becoming the second time where at least two members of the Catalano family have raced full-time in the series since 2019, where Tommy and Timmy competed full-time. On July 20, 2024, Catalano won his first career race at Monadnock Speedway after holding off defending series champion Ron Silk.

Tommy Catalano
Tommy Catalano (born March 13, 1998) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competes full-time in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, driving the No. 54 for Catalano Motorsports. He is the older brother of Trevor Catalano and Tyler Catalano, who also compete in the Modified Tour.

Catalano has previously competed in series such as the Race of Champions Late Model Series, the SMART Modified Tour, the Indoor Auto Racing Championship, and the World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing.
LZ Color 64
The Color 64 was an 8-bit home computer produced in Brazil by the Rio de Janeiro company Novo Tempo / LZ Equipamentos between 1983 and 1986. It was one of the many machines based on the TRS-80 Color Computer introduced during the Brazilian "Market Reserve", like the Codimex CD-6809 or Prológica CP 400 COLOR.

Prológica CP-400
The CP 400 COLOR was launched in 1984 by Prológica, a Brazilian company which made clone versions of various computers, under the general designation of "CP" (for "Computador Pessoal" in Portuguese, "Personal Computer" in English).

This machine was TRS-80 Color Computer 2 clone, but had a different case than the original machine. The computer was 100% compatible with the original TRS-80 Color Computer 2, and was designed to work with the PAL-M TV standard used in Brazil.
Jat Sikh
Jat Sikh or Jatt Sikh (Punjabi: ਜੱਟ ਸਿੱਖ, pronounced [d͡ʒəʈːə̆ sɪkːʰə̆]) is an ethnoreligious group, a subgroup of the Jat people whose traditional religion is Sikhism, originating from the Indian subcontinent. They are one of the dominant communities in Punjab, India, owing to their large land holdings. They constitute a substantial proportion of the Sikh population.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering
Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited (VSEL) was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, England that built warships, civilian ships, submarines and armaments. The company was historically the Naval Construction Works of Vickers Armstrongs and has a heritage of building large naval warships and armaments. Through a complicated history the company's shipbuilding division is now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions and the armaments division is now part of BAE Systems Land & Armaments.

Vickers-Armstrongs
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927. The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977.

It featured among Britain's most prominent armaments firms.
Retail Food Group
Retail Food Group Limited, often abbreviated as RFG, is an ASX-listed company and Australian franchisor based in Robina, Queensland and operates locations in Australia and New Zealand. It owns numerous brands including Gloria Jean's Coffees, Brumby's Bakeries, Donut King, Di Bella Coffee, The Coffee Guy, Café2U, Pizza Capers and Crust Pizza.

Pizza Capers
Pizza Capers is an Australian fast food chain and franchise based in Queensland that sells pizza and Italian cuisine. Pizza Capers is mainly active in Queensland, but also has smaller operations in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Tasmania, and the country of Singapore; they have previously operated in New South Wales and Victoria as well. The company is owned by parent company Retail Food Group. There were also some franchises in India, all of which are now closed.

In April 2012, Retail Food Group acquired the Pizza Capers Gourmet Kitchen brand system.
DSRV-2 Avalon
DSRV-2 Avalon was a Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle rated to dive up to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) to rescue submarine crews trapped deep under the sea. The submarine was acquired in response to the loss of the USS Thresher, so that the Navy would have a way to rescue trapped submarine crews.

Avalon was launched in 1971. The submarine, intended to be air transportable, is 50 feet (15 m) long, 8 feet (2.4 m) in diameter, and weighs 37 tons. The sub is capable of descending to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) below the surface and could carry 24 passengers at a time in addition to her crew. Avalon is battery-powered, and would have needed to pause midway through a rescue mission to recharge its batteries.

Avalon was stationed at North Island Naval Station in San Diego and was never required to conduct an actual rescue operation. The sub was decommissioned in 2000. The Avalon submarine was donated to the Morro Bay Maritime Museum in Morro Bay, California, and is currently on public display.

Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle
Mystic class is a class of deep-submergence rescue vehicles (DSRVs), designed for rescue operations on submerged, disabled submarines of the United States Navy or foreign navies. The two submarines of the class were never used for this purpose, and were replaced by the Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System.
Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore
The Grand Anglo-Francais Tricolore is a breed of dog used in hunting as a scenthound, usually in packs. It is one of the Anglo-French hound breeds which were created by crossing French scenthounds with English (Anglo) Foxhounds.

Anglo-Français and Français (hound)
Anglo-Français and Français hounds are a general dog type of hunting dog that include ancient French hounds and breeds created by mixing the French dogs with English (Anglo) Foxhounds. There are seven dog breeds that are described as Anglo-Français and Français hounds.