hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Athanasios Christopoulos
Athanasios Christopoulos (Greek: Αθανάσιος Χριστόπουλος; 2 May 1772 – 19 January 1847) was a Greek poet, playwright, a distinguished scholar and jurist. He has been proclaimed a champion of the modern Greek demotic and the forerunner of the national poet Dionysios Solomos. More importantly he is the first modern Greek poet to have his works - the Lyrika - published and read across a broad section of the European continent.

Dionysios Solomos
Dionysios Solomos (/ˈsɒləmɒs/; Greek: Διονύσιος Σολωμός [ði.oˈnisios soloˈmos]; 8 April 1798 – 9 February 1857) was a Greek poet from Zakynthos, who is considered to be Greece's national poet. He is best known for writing the Hymn to Liberty (Greek: Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν, Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían), which was set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros and became the Greek and Cypriot national anthem in 1865 and 1966 respectively. He was the central figure of the Heptanese School of poetry. He is considered the national poet of Greece, not only because he wrote the national anthem, but also because he contributed to the preservation of earlier poetic tradition and highlighted its usefulness to modern literature. Other notable poems include Ὁ Κρητικός (The Cretan), Ἐλεύθεροι Πολιορκημένοι (The Free Besieged). A characteristic of his work is that no poem except the Hymn to Liberty was completed, and almost nothing was published during his lifetime.
Newarthill
Newarthill is a village in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, situated roughly three miles north-east of the town of Motherwell. It has a population of around 6,200. Most local amenities are shared with the adjacent villages of Carfin, Holytown and New Stevenston which have a combined population of around 20,000 across the four localities.

Holytown
Holytown is a village situated to the east of Bellshill and north of Motherwell in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Most local amenities are shared with the adjacent villages of Carfin, Newarthill and New Stevenston which have a combined population of around 20,000 across the four localities.
Inferno (Marvel Comics)
"Inferno" was a 1989 Marvel Comics company-wide crossover storyline centered upon the X-Men family of titles, including The Uncanny X-Men, X-Factor, X-Terminators, Excalibur, and The New Mutants. The story's inciting incident is demonic invasion of New York City, and its main character arcs were the corruption of Madelyne Pryor into the Goblin Queen, and the final transformation of Illyana Rasputin into the Darkchylde. Other non-X-Men books that tied into the storyline included the Spider-Man titles, which depicted the demonic transformation of the villain Jason Macendale (a.k.a. the Hobgoblin). The core series were written by Louise Simonson, and Chris Claremont, and drawn by Bret Blevins, Marc Silvestri, and Walt Simonson, while the various tie-in books were handled by creators that included Alan Davis, Steve Engelhart, Gerry Conway, David Michelinie, Ann Nocenti, Walter Simonson, Jon Bogdanove, Terry Austin, and Julianna Jones.

The New Mutants (comic book)
The New Mutants is a comic book series which debuted in 1983, featuring the team the New Mutants and published by Marvel Comics.

The team first appeared in the graphic novel The New Mutants (November 1982) by Chris Claremont and artist Bob McLeod, part of the Marvel Graphic Novel line, followed by their first ongoing series which ran from 1983 until 1991. Like the X-Men parent title, also written by Claremont, The New Mutants featured an ensemble cast, with stories often focused on interpersonal relationships and coming-of-age arcs, blending teen drama with action and adventure. The series was taken over by writer Louise Simonson, ultimately taking a more action-oriented focus under artist Rob Liefeld, who relaunched the characters as X-Force following the series' end.

Since their inception, several New Mutants series have been published, either focusing on the continuing adventures of the original lineup, new groups of young mutants, or some combination of both.
Washington and Georgetown Railroad
The Washington and Georgetown Railroad Company (or Washington and Georgetown Railway Company) was the first streetcar company to operate in Washington, D.C., United States. It was incorporated and started operations in 1862, using horse-drawn cars on tracks between Georgetown and the Navy Yard. Two additional lines ran on 7th Street NW/SW and 14th Street NW. In 1890, it switched to cable cars. On September 21, 1895, the company was purchased by the Rock Creek Railway and the two formed the Capital Traction Company.

Capital Traction Company
The Capital Traction Company was the smaller of the two major street railway companies in Washington, D.C., in the early 20th century.

It was formed in 1895 when the Rock Creek Railway acquired the Washington and Georgetown Railroad Company. The company's streetcars connected the Washington, D.C., neighborhoods of Georgetown, Capitol Hill, the Armory, and Mount Pleasant; and the suburb of Chevy Chase, Maryland.

In 1933, it merged with its major competitor, the Washington Railway and Electric Company, and the Washington Rapid Transit Company, a bus operator, to form the Capital Transit Company.
Springettsbury Township, Pennsylvania
Springettsbury Township is a township in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 27,032 at the 2010 census. The township takes its name from Springett Penn, grandson of Pennsylvania founder William Penn. Located east and northeast of the city of York, the township hosts the York Galleria shopping mall and a large Harley-Davidson manufacturing plant.

York Galleria
The York Galleria is an enclosed shopping center that is located just northeast of York, Pennsylvania at the intersection of U.S. Route 30 and Pennsylvania Route 24. The mall features the traditional retailers Boscov's and Marshalls, in addition to Hollywood Casino York and PA Fitness. As of 2025, the mall includes a number of retailers such as Bath & Body Works, Claire's, American Eagle Outfitters, H&M, Francesca's, and Victoria's Secret.
Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology
The Russ College of Engineering and Technology is the engineering college of Ohio University, a public research university in Athens, Ohio. It opened in 1920 as the second distinct college established at the university and is now one of the university's eleven academic colleges.  It is located on the West Green. The Russ College is home to the university's highly ranked programs in the traditional fields of engineering at the undergraduate and graduate level. It enrolls approximately 1,400 undergraduates and almost 300 graduate students. It is named in honor of Fritz J. Russ, an alumnus in electrical engineering and the founder of Systems Research Laboratories, a major bioengineering concern.  The Russ College maintains a close relationship with the College of Arts & Sciences due to its requirements in mathematics, hard sciences, and other courses.

Ohio University College of Arts and Sciences
The Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences is the college of arts and sciences at Ohio University, a public research university in Athens, Ohio. The original of the university's eleven academic colleges, it is centrally located in Wilson Hall on the College Green. The college features twenty organized academic departments.  Additionally, it hosts two centers for its International Studies and Law, Justice & Culture programs. OHIO Forum is the official online publication of the College of Arts & Sciences.
Georgia State Route 96
State Route 96 (SR 96) is a 94.9-mile-long (152.7 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Talbot, Taylor, Crawford, Peach, Houston, Twiggs, and Wilkinson counties in the west-central and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway travels from its western terminus at US 80/SR 22/SR 41/SR 540 in Geneva to its eastern terminus at US 441/SR 29 south-southeast of Irwinton.

The portion from Geneva to a point west of Fort Valley is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a long-distance route for commercial vehicles that travels from Columbus to Augusta. This segment may also be included as part of the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), an Interstate Highway that is currently entirely in Central Texas and may eventually end in Augusta.

Georgia State Route 22
State Route 22 (SR 22) is a 221.1-mile-long (355.8 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast in an eastern arc through portions of Muscogee, Talbot, Taylor, Upson, Crawford, Bibb, Jones, Baldwin, Hancock, Taliaferro, Oglethorpe, and Madison counties in the western and west-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Alabama state line in Columbus, across the state line from Phenix City, Alabama, to Comer, via Macon and Milledgeville.

SR 22 originally traveled only from Columbus to Macon, and was incrementally extended to Comer in stages. It was rerouted many times in Columbus and formerly had a more northern path in the Macon area.

The part of the highway from the Alabama state line east to Geneva is part of the Fall Line Freeway (SR 540), a long-distance four-lane highway that extends from Columbus to Augusta. Also, this section could be included in the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14).
Blood gas test
A blood gas test or blood gas analysis tests blood to measure blood gas tension values and blood pH. It also measures the level and base excess of bicarbonate. The source of the blood is reflected in the name of each test; arterial blood gases come from arteries, venous blood gases come from veins and capillary blood gases come from capillaries. The blood gas tension levels of partial pressures can be used as indicators of ventilation, respiration and oxygenation. Analysis of paired arterial and venous specimens can give insights into the aetiology of acidosis in the newborn.

Blood gas tension
Blood gas tension refers to the partial pressure of gases in blood. There are several significant purposes for measuring gas tension. The most common gas tensions measured are oxygen tension (PxO2), carbon dioxide tension (PxCO2) and carbon monoxide tension (PxCO). The subscript x in each symbol represents the source of the gas being measured: "a" meaning arterial, "A" being alveolar, "v" being venous, and "c" being capillary. Blood gas tests (such as arterial blood gas tests) measure these partial pressures.
Gymnotus
Gymnotus is a genus of Neotropical freshwater fish in the family Gymnotidae found widely in South America, Central America and southern Mexico (36th parallel south to 18th parallel north). The greatest species richness is found in the Amazon basin. They are sometimes referred to by the English name banded knifefish, although this typically is reserved for the most widespread species, G. carapo. Overall Gymnotus is the most widespread genus in the order Gymnotiformes. They are the only members of the subfamily Gymnotinae.

Although not commonly eaten by humans, some members of this genus are used locally as fishing bait, and occasionally kept in aquariums.

Banded knifefish
The banded knifefish (Gymnotus carapo) is a species of gymniform knifefish native to a wide range of freshwater habitats in South America.  It is the most widespread species of Gymnotus, but it has frequently been confused with several relatives, including some found outside its range like the Central America G. maculosus. The English name "banded knifefish" is sometimes used for the entire genus Gymnotus instead of only the species G. carapo.
Grylloblatta barberi
Grylloblatta barberi is a North American species of wingless insect in the genus Grylloblatta. It is a rock crawler that lives at high altitudes in crevices under snow or glaciers. It was first described by Andrew Nelson Caudell in 1924 as part of a relict lineage of nocturnal and wingless insects that are adapted to living in near-freezing environments. Members of the genus Grylloblatta occupy the snow-covered tips of slopes in subnivean spaces or in glacial margins, where they commonly exhibit scavenging behavior and slow development. Molecular and morphological evidence have been utilized to place Grylloblatta barberi within the family Grylloblattidae. This research also provides support for the monophyly of Grylloblattodea as being part of the Polyneoptera.

Grylloblattidae
Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mountains and the edges of glaciers. They are the only living members of Grylloblattodea, which is generally considered an order. Alternatively, Grylloblattodea, along with Mantophasmatodea (rock crawlers), have been ranked as suborders of the order Notoptera. Grylloblattids are wingless insects mostly less than 3 cm long, with a head resembling that of a cockroach, with long antennae and having elongated cerci arising from the tip of their abdomen. They cannot tolerate warmth—most species will die at 10 °C (50 °F)—and many species have small distribution ranges.
Jonathan Edwards Woodbridge
Jonathan Edwards Woodbridge (January 16, 1844 – May 21, 1935) was an American shipbuilder and naval architect from Richmond, Virginia.  He served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War and was one of the Virginia Military Institute cadets who fought at the Battle of New Market.

Woodbridge was the great-grandson of the preacher John Edwards and a prominent citizen of Chester, Pennsylvania. He was married to Louise Deshong, the daughter of the wealthy Chester businessman John O. Deshong.

John O. Deshong
John Odenheimer Deshong (September 6, 1807 – May 28, 1881) was an American businessman and banker in Chester, Pennsylvania.  He came from a wealthy family including his father Peter Deshong and son Alfred O. Deshong.
Learning organization
In business management, a learning organization is a company that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself. The concept was coined through the work and research of Peter Senge and his colleagues.

Learning organizations may develop as a result of the pressures facing modern organizations; this enables them to remain competitive in the business environment.

Peter Senge
Peter Michael Senge (born 1947) is an American systems scientist who is a senior lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management, co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute, and the founder of the Society for Organizational Learning. He is known as the author of the book The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization (1990, rev. 2006).
Louisa Murray, 2nd Countess of Mansfield
Louisa Murray, 2nd Countess of Mansfield (née Cathcart, later Greville; 1758 – 11 July 1843), was a Scottish noblewoman. She married firstly to David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield, and secondly to Robert Fulke Greville.

David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield
David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield, 7th Viscount of Stormont, KT, PC (9 October 1727 – 1 September 1796) known as the Viscount of Stormont from 1748 to 1793, was a British diplomat and politician. He succeeded to both the Mansfield and Stormont lines of the Murray family, inheriting two titles and two fortunes.
James Ellison (motorcyclist)
James Desmond Ellison (born 19 September 1980) is an English motorcycle racer. After two seasons (2017 with McCams and 2018 with Tag) on a Yamaha R1, Ellison expected to retire at the end of 2018, but in 2019 again competed in the British Superbike Championship series aboard a BMW S1000RR, before parting company with his team half-way through the season in August. He then joined another British Superbike team for the remainder of the 2019 season, starting from the September event at Oulton Park, on the ex-Danny Kent machine, previously an ex-Leon Camier 2016 MV Agusta F4.

After racing during 2013 with Milwaukee Yamaha run by Shaun Muir Racing in British Superbikes, Ellison joined Lloyds British GBMoto team in 2014, and rode a Kawasaki ZX-10R alongside veteran Chris Walker.

Ellison is a double European Superstock champion, World Endurance champion and participated in World Supersport, MotoGP, and the American AMA Superbike series. His brother Dean is a former motorcycle racer.

Leon Camier
Leon Stuart Camier (born 4 August 1986) is an English former solo motorcycle racer.

After working as a race team manager, Camier is a rider-coach for Sam Lowes and Elf Marc VDS Racing, a long-established team in Moto2, having a new entry to the Superbike World Championship using a Ducati Panigale 955.

For the 2021 season, Camier was announced as team manager for Honda World Superbike team, run under Honda Racing Corporation. After a long career in solo motorcycle racing he struggled with injuries and finally decided to end his competitive riding.

After difficult 2018 and 2019 seasons with Honda satellite team Moriwaki Althea and suffering from injuries, Camier was contracted to ride for Barni Ducati in WSBK in 2020, but continued to have shoulder injury problems and was unable to start the season and parted ways with Barni Ducati.
Musgraveia sulciventris
Musgraveia sulciventris is a Tessaratomid bug found in Australia, sometimes known as the bronze orange bug. It is considered a pest, particularly to plants in the citrus group. Bronze orange bugs suck the sap from trees, which causes the flowers and fruit to fall.

Tessaratomidae
Tessaratomidae is a family of true bugs. It contains about 240 species of large bugs divided into 3 subfamilies and 56 genera.

Tessaratomids resemble large stink bugs (family Pentatomidae) and are sometimes quite colorful. Most tessaratomids are Old World, with only three species known from the Neotropics. Some members of Tessaratomidae exhibit paternal care of eggs and offspring. The defensive chemicals of certain species can cause significant damage if they come into contact with human skin; they may also cause temporary blindness.

All species are exclusively plant-eaters, some of major economic importance as agricultural pests. A few species are also consumed as food in some countries.
Mengla dianlovirus
Mengla dianlovirus (MLAV, also written Měnglà virus) is a type of filovirus identified in a Rousettus bat in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China, and was first reported in January 2019.  It is classified in the same family as Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus.

It is the only member of the genus Dianlovirus.  The name derives from 滇 (diān), the Chinese language abbreviation for Yunnan, added to "filovirus", the common name for Filoviridae. Neither the species nor the genus are listed in the 2018 ICTV classification, as the virus was formally described after that report was released.  A formal proposal was submitted for the taxa in January 2019.

MLAV proteins, including VP35 and VP40, inhibit host immune responses by interfering with interferon signaling, contributing to immune evasion similar to other filoviruses. Like other filoviruses, Mengla virus utilizes the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) receptor for cell entry, a trait that may facilitate cross-species transmission.

Filoviridae
Filoviridae (/ˌfaɪloʊˈvɪrɪdiː/) is a family of single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Two members of the family that are commonly known are Ebola virus and Marburg virus. Both viruses, and some of their lesser known relatives, cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fevers.

All filoviruses are classified by the US as select agents, by the World Health Organization as Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases as Category A Priority Pathogens, and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as Category A Bioterrorism Agents, and are listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.
Rugby Football Club Los Angeles
Rugby FC Los Angeles (RFCLA) were an American professional rugby union team based in Los Angeles, California, that competed in Major League Rugby (MLR). The team began play in 2020 as Rugby ATL, based in Atlanta, Georgia, but announced they would relocate to Los Angeles for the 2024 season, under new ownership. In July 2025 it was announced that the team would merge with San Diego Legion to create a single, statewide rugby franchise, California Legion.

San Diego Legion
The San Diego Legion were an American professional rugby union team based in San Diego, California, that competed in Major League Rugby (MLR) from 2020 to 2025. The team played its home games at Torero Stadium. The Legion began play in the league's inaugural 2018 season.
Besta PNG United
Besta PNG United, sometimes known as Besta United PNG, is a semi-professional soccer club, based in Lae, Papua New Guinea. The side acts as the national development team of the Papua New Guinea Football Association, and is limited to players who are under the age of 23.

The side made their debut in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League in the 2009–10 season, finishing bottom of the table. Since then, they have made gradual progress, with their best success coming in 2018, when they reached the Grand Final for the first time, losing 3–0 to Toti City Dwellers.

Lae City F.C.
Lae City FC, formerly known as Lae City Dwellers FC or Toti City FC, is a professional soccer club founded in 2014 and based in Lae, Papua New Guinea. The side currently plays in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League, the highest level of soccer competition in PNG.

Alongside Hekari United, the club is one of only two sides to have won a Papua New Guinea National Soccer League. The side has also competed in four editions of the OFC Champions League, with their best result coming in the 2018 and 2019 editions, when they reached the quarter-finals.
War Plan White
War Plan White (also known as Emergency Plan White) was a United States color-coded war plan originally created in 1919 to deal with a domestic uprising in the US. Originally drafted by the War Plans Division of the War Department General Staff (WDGS) it later evolved to become Operation Garden Plot, the general US military plan for civil disturbances and protests. Parts of War Plan White were used to deal with the Bonus Expeditionary Force in 1932. Communist insurgents were considered the most likely threat to call for the use of the plan by the original authors.

United States color-coded war plans
During the 1920s and 1930s, the United States Armed Forces developed a number of color-coded war plans that outlined potential US strategies for a variety of hypothetical war scenarios. The plans, developed by the Joint Planning Committee (which later became the Joint Chiefs of Staff), were officially withdrawn in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II in favor of five "Rainbow" plans developed to meet the threat of a two-ocean war against multiple enemies.
Magadan (icebreaker)
Magadan (Russian: Магадан) is a Russian icebreaker and the second vessel in a series of three subarctic icebreakers built at Wärtsilä Helsinki shipyard in Finland in 1982–1983. The vessel's sister ships are Mudyug (rebuilt in 1986) and Dikson.

Mudyug (icebreaker)
Mudyug (Russian: Мудьюг) is a Russian icebreaker and the lead ship of a series of three subarctic icebreakers built at Wärtsilä Helsinki shipyard in Finland in 1982–1983. The vessel's non-rebuilt sister ships are Magadan and Dikson.

Mudyug was rebuilt with a new Thyssen-Waas icebreaking bow at Nordseewerke in 1986.