hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charlotte Rollin
Charlotte M. Rollin (c. 1847–1928) was an American political and civil rights activist, suffragist, and feminist. Rollin, along with her five sisters, Frances Anne, Kate, Louisa, and Florence, became well known for their political activism in South Carolina and nationally during the period of Reconstruction. Lottie Rollin was chair of the South Carolina American Woman Suffrage Association and the Rollin Sisters were said to be 'among the most influential lobbyists and power brokers in South Carolina during Reconstruction'.

The Rollin Sisters
The Rollin sisters of South Carolina were some of the most influential Black women of the Reconstruction Era. Frances Ann (Frank), Katherine (Kate), Charlotte (Lottie), Marie Louise (Loyise) and Florence Rollin were born in Charleston, but eventually settled in Columbia, South Carolina. These five women influenced the political sphere in spite of their inability to vote or hold political office.
Engelberg
Engelberg (lit.: mountain of angel(s)) is a village resort and a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Alongside the central village of Engelberg, the municipality encompasses additional settlements, including Grafenort, Oberberg and Schwand.

The municipality of Engelberg is an exclave, entirely encircled by the neighboring cantons of Bern, Nidwalden and Uri.

Engelberg is a mountain resort in Central Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, the area garnered recognition for its Benedictine monastery, known as Engelberg Abbey. As time progressed, particularly from the 19th century onwards, Engelberg became a well-known mountain resort. The city of Lucerne serves as the nearest major urban center.

While the official language of Engelberg is German, the predominant spoken language is the local variation of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Engelberg Abbey
Engelberg Abbey (German: Kloster Engelberg) is a Benedictine monastery in Engelberg, Canton of Obwalden, Switzerland. It was formerly in the Diocese of Constance, but is now in the Diocese of Chur. It is dedicated to Our Lady of the Angels and occupies a commanding position at the head of the Nidwalden Valley.
Surfcomber Hotel
The Surfcomber Hotel is a boutique hotel on Collins Avenue in the historic Art Deco district of South Beach in Miami Beach, Florida. The hotel was built in 1948 and was acquired by the Kimpton hotel chain in April 2011.  The Surfcomber is known for pool parties, and it served as the headquarters for MTV during the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards and for Bud Light during Super Bowl XLIV in 2010. The hotel is located at 1717 Collins Avenue on the shore of Miami's South Beach.

Miami Beach Architectural District
The Miami Beach Architectural District (also known as Old Miami Beach Historic District and the more popular term Miami Art Deco District) is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on May 14, 1979) located in the South Beach neighborhood of Miami Beach, Florida. The area is well known as the district where Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace lived and was assassinated by Andrew Cunanan, in a mansion on Ocean Drive. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Sixth Street to the south, Alton Road to the west and the Collins Canal and Dade Boulevard to the north. It contains 960 historic buildings.
Great Falls Voyagers
The Great Falls Voyagers are an independent baseball team of the Pioneer League, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball (MLB) but is an MLB Partner League. They are located in Great Falls, Montana, and play their home games at Centene Stadium.

The team has played continuously in the Pioneer League since 1969, and a Great Falls team previously played in the league from 1948 to 1963. In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Pioneer League was converted from an MLB-affiliated Rookie Advanced league to an independent baseball league and granted status as an MLB Partner League, with Great Falls continuing as members. Prior to this, the Voyagers had been affiliated with the San Francisco Giants (1969–1983), Los Angeles Dodgers (1984–2002), and Chicago White Sox (2003–2020).

Great Falls Electrics
The Great Falls Electrics were a minor league baseball team that operated out of Great Falls, Montana.  The team was formed in 1911 as part of the old Union Association league. They also played in the Northwestern League from 1916 to 1917. The team disbanded at that time and then was reformed as part of the Pioneer League in 1948. They became an affiliate of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1952 and remained with the Dodgers through 1963. The team was briefly called the Great Falls Dodgers during the 1957 season and the Great Falls Selectrics in 1949–1950.

In 1969, the team now known as the Great Falls Voyagers began play as the Great Falls Giants and they have remained active under different names since.
Integral linear operator
In mathematical analysis, an integral linear operator is a linear operator T given by integration; i.e.,

where  is called an integration kernel.

More generally, an integral bilinear form is a bilinear functional that belongs to the continuous dual space of , the injective tensor product of the locally convex topological vector spaces (TVSs) X and Y. An integral linear operator is a continuous linear operator that arises in a canonical way from an integral bilinear form.

These maps play an important role in the theory of nuclear spaces and nuclear maps.

Nuclear operator
In mathematics, nuclear operators are an important class of linear operators introduced by Alexander Grothendieck in his doctoral dissertation. Nuclear operators are intimately tied to the projective tensor product of two topological vector spaces (TVSs).
Takatō Domain
Takatō Domain (高遠藩, Takatō-han) was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.

The Takatō Domain was based at Takatō Castle in Shinano Province, in the modern city of Ina, located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshu. The Takatō Domain was ruled by the fudai daimyō of the Hoshina clan from 1600 to 1636, the Torii clan from 1636 to 1689, and the Naitō clan from 1691 to 1871, with a Kokudaka value of 33,000 koku. The Takatō Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
Calcaneus
The calcaneus (/kælˈkeɪniəs/; from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel; pl.: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel.  In some animals, it is the point of the hock.

Tarsus (skeleton)
In the human body, the tarsus (pl.: tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus. It is made up of the midfoot (cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform, and navicular) and hindfoot (talus and calcaneus).

The tarsus articulates with the bones of the metatarsus, which in turn articulate with the proximal phalanges of the toes. The joint between the tibia and fibula above and the tarsus below is referred to as the ankle joint proper.

In humans the largest bone in the tarsus is the calcaneus, which is the weight-bearing bone within the heel of the foot.
Yi Sung-deuk
Yi Seong-deuk (Korean: 이성득; Hanja: 李成得; 1775 – 27 November 1817) was a royal family member of the Later Joseon dynasty periods and a national offender. He was the son of Prince Euneon with a concubine. Prince Euneon was the son of Crown Prince Sado and the grandson of Yeongjo of Joseon. Yi Seong-deuk was the half-brother of Prince Sanggye, Prince Punggye and Prince Jeongye, who become the biological father of Cheoljong of Joseon. However, in 1817, he was tortured, causing death. The reason was unknown, as his family's records were destroyed by the Joseon government.

Yi Dang
Yi Dang (Korean: 이당; Hanja: 李瑭, February 1, 1783 – May 8, 1826) was a member of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. Despite his royal lineage he didn't receive a title during his lifetime, as his older brother was Crown Prince Sanggye and his mother, Princess Consort Sangsan of the Jincheon Song clan, his father, Prince Euneon, and his sister-in-law, Princess Consort Shin of Pyeongsan Shin clan, were charged and executed for treason during the Catholic Persecution of 1801.

His half-brother was Grand Internal Prince Jeongye, father of Cheoljong of Joseon.
Party media takes the party's last name
Media sponsored by the Party and government must hold the family name of the party (Chinese: 党和政府主办的媒体必须姓党; pinyin: dǎng hé zhèngfǔ zhǔbàn de méitǐ bìxū xìng dǎng), often abbreviated as Party surnames party media (Chinese: 党媒姓党; pinyin: dǎng méi xìng dǎng), is a phrase from a speech made by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Xi Jinping in 2016, used to emphasize the supremacy of the CCP over China's state media and mass media.

Symposium on News Reporting and Public Opinion
The Symposium on News Reporting and Public Opinion was a meeting on the news and public opinion work of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) convened by CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping on February 19, 2016.
A Tale of Two Sisters
A Tale of Two Sisters (Korean: 장화, 홍련; lit. Rose Flower, Red Lotus) is a 2003 South Korean psychological horror film written and directed by Kim Jee-woon. The film is inspired by a Joseon-era folktale entitled "Janghwa Hongryeon jeon", which has been adapted to film several times. The plot focuses on a recently released patient from a mental institution who returns home with her sister, only to face disturbing events while living with their new unhinged stepmother.

The film opened to very strong commercial and critical reception and won Best Picture at the 2004 Fantasporto Film Festival. It is the highest-grossing South Korean horror film and the first South Korean picture to be screened in American theatres. An English-language remake titled The Uninvited was released in 2009 to mixed reviews.

The Uninvited (2009 film)
The Uninvited is a 2009 psychological horror film directed by the Guard Brothers and starring Emily Browning, Elizabeth Banks, Arielle Kebbel, and David Strathairn. It is a remake of the 2003 South Korean horror film A Tale of Two Sisters, which is in turn one of several film adaptations of the Korean folk tale Janghwa Hongryeon jeon. The film was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada on January 30, 2009 and in Germany on May 28, 2009, grossed $42.7 million, and received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, with the Rotten Tomatoes' critical consensus stating that it "suffers from predictable plot twists", but called it "moody and reasonably involving". The film is an international co-production between the United States, Canada and Germany.
Homotopy hypothesis
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, Grothendieck's homotopy hypothesis states, homotopy theory speaking, that the ∞-groupoids are spaces.

One version of the hypothesis was claimed to be proved in the 1991 paper by Kapranov and Voevodsky. Their proof turned out to be flawed and their result in the form interpreted by Carlos Simpson is now known as the Simpson conjecture.

In higher category theory, one considers a space-valued presheaf instead of a set-valued presheaf in ordinary category theory. In view of homotopy hypothesis, a space here can be taken to an ∞-groupoid.

∞-groupoid
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an ∞-groupoid is an abstract homotopical model for topological spaces. One model uses Kan complexes which are fibrant objects in the category of simplicial sets (with the standard model structure). It is an ∞-category generalization of a groupoid, a category in which every morphism is an isomorphism.

The homotopy hypothesis states that ∞-groupoids are equivalent to spaces up to homotopy.: 2–3
Fiat Marengo
Marengo is a model name that Italian car maker Fiat has given to the van derivatives of its mid size cars, beginning with the "Fiat 131 Marengo" in 1979 and continuing with the Regata, Tempra, and Marea. The Marengo light commercial vehicle derivatives only have two seats, and have only been equipped with diesel engines.

The nameplate was retired in 2001, and succeeded by the van version of the Fiat Stilo Multiwagon. Fiat has a tradition of naming their commercial vehicle derivatives differently from the cars upon which they are based, compare with the Fiorino and the Penny.

Fiat Tempra
The Fiat Tempra (Type 159) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Fiat from 1990 to 1996 in Italy. The Tempra was intended as a replacement for the Fiat Regata. The original project was called Tipo 3, being a mid-size car between the Fiat Tipo (project Tipo 2) and the bigger Fiat Croma (project Tipo 4). The Tempra shared its Type Three platform with the Lancia Dedra and Alfa Romeo 155.

The Tempra was named the 1991 Semperit Irish Car of the Year in Ireland. In Brazil, the Tempra was built from 1991 to 1998. The car was also assembled in Turkey by Tofaş and in Vietnam by Mekong Auto in complete knock down until 2000.
Rossmann (supercomputer)
Rossmann is a supercomputer at Purdue University that went into production September 1, 2010. The high-performance computing cluster is operated by Information Technology at Purdue (ITaP), the university's central information technology organization. ITaP also operates clusters named Steele built in 2008, Coates built in 2009, Hansen built in the summer of 2011 and Carter built in the fall of 2012 in partnership with Intel. Rossmann ranked 126 on the November 2010 TOP500 list.

Steele (supercomputer)
Steele is a supercomputer that was installed at Purdue University on May  5, 2008. The high-performance computing cluster is operated by Information Technology at Purdue (ITaP), the university's central information technology organization. ITaP also operates clusters named Coates built in 2009, Rossmann built in 2010, and Hansen and Carter built in 2011. Steele was the largest campus supercomputer in the Big Ten outside a national center when built. It ranked 104th on the November 2008 TOP500 Supercomputer Sites list.
Singhasari
Singhasari (Javanese: ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ, romanized: Karaton Singhasari or Karaton Singosari, Indonesian: Kerajaan Singasari), also known as Tumapel, was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292. The kingdom succeeded the Kingdom of Kediri as the dominant kingdom in eastern Java. The kingdom's name is cognate to the Singosari district of Malang Regency, located several kilometres north of Malang City.

Kediri kingdom
Kediri Kingdom or Kadiri, also known as Panjalu, was a Hindu-Buddhist Javanese kingdom based in East Java from 1042 until 1222 (1292–1293 under Jayakatwang). This kingdom is centered in the ancient city Dahanapura, despite the lack of archaeological remains, the age of Kediri saw much development in classical literature. Mpu Sedah's Kakawin Bharatayuddha, Mpu Panuluh's  Gatotkacasraya, and Mpu Dharmaja's Smaradhana blossomed in this era. The kingdom's capital is believed to have been established in the western part of the Brantas River valley, somewhere near modern Kediri city and surrounding Kediri Regency.
SK Inc.
SK Inc. (Korean: 에스케이 주식회사) is the holding company of South Korea's SK Group and is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company is divided into Investment Division and Business Division. The Investment Division operates as a holding company engaged in petroleum, telecommunications, wholesale and retail, chemicals, semiconductors, biotechnology, and other industries. It holds the SK Group's major subsidiaries, including SK Innovation, SK Telecom, SKC, SK Networks, SK Materials, and SK Biopharmaceutical. The Business Division, SK Inc. C&C, provides system integration, software design and development, information processing, and consulting services.

SK Innovation
SK Innovation Co., Ltd. (Korean: 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사) is an intermediate holding company of SK Group engaged in petroleum, alternative energy, and oil exploration. It runs its business through six major subsidiaries, including SK Energy, SK Geo Centric, SK On, SK Incheon Petrochem, SK IE Technology and SK Earthon.
Interurbano Line (Costa Rica)
Interurbano Line (Spanish: Tren Interurbano), is a commuter railway line in Costa Rica, operated by the national public railway operator Incofer. The line connects the provinces of Alajuela, Heredia, San José and Cartago.

Rail transport in Costa Rica
Rail transport in Costa Rica is primarily under the stewardship of Incofer (Instituto Costarricense de Ferrocarriles), an autonomous institution of the state. Incofer owns the national railway infrastructure and operates virtually all freight and passenger services, which consist primarily of commuter trains through the highly populated Central Valley. The whole Incofer network is 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge, although there are small tourist railways of other gauges.

Much of the railway system requires major repairs. An August 2016 OECD report provided this summary about the infrastructure, including the railways:

The road network is extensive but of poor quality, railways are in disrepair and only slowly being reactivated after having been shut down in the 1990s ... Internal transportation overly relies on private road vehicles as the public transport system, especially railways, is inadequate.
Fugaku (supercomputer)
Fugaku (Japanese: 富岳) is a petascale supercomputer at the Riken Center for Computational Science in Kobe, Japan. It started development in 2014 as the successor to the K computer and made its debut in 2020. It is named after an alternative name for Mount Fuji.

It became the fastest supercomputer in the world in the June 2020 TOP500 list as well as becoming the first ARM architecture-based computer to achieve this. At this time it also achieved 1.42 exaFLOPS using the mixed fp16/fp64 precision HPL-AI benchmark. It started regular operations in 2021.

Fugaku was superseded as the fastest supercomputer in the world by Frontier in May 2022.

Frontier (supercomputer)
Hewlett Packard Enterprise Frontier, or OLCF-5, is the world's first exascale supercomputer. It is hosted at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) in Tennessee, United States, and became operational in 2022. As of November 2024, Frontier is the third fastest supercomputer in the world. It is based on the Cray EX and is the successor to Summit (OLCF-4). Frontier achieved an Rmax of 1.102 exaFLOPS, which is 1.102 quintillion floating-point operations per second, using AMD CPUs and GPUs.

Measured at 62.86 gigaflops/watt, the smaller Frontier TDS (test and development system) topped the Green500 list for most efficient supercomputer until it was dethroned in efficiency by the Flatiron Institute's Henri supercomputer in November 2022.

Frontier was superseded as the fastest supercomputer in the world by El Capitan in November 2024.
Feliciano Vierra Tavares
Feliciano Vierra "Flash" Tavares Sr. (October 29, 1920 – December 17, 2008) was a Cape Verdean American musician, singer and guitarist based in Massachusetts. He was the patriarch of the musical Tavares family, which included the Tavares Brothers, a successful Grammy-winning R&B band in the 1970s and 1980s. The band was made from five of Tavares' sons. Tavares was known professionally as Flash.

Tavares (group)
Tavares (also known as The Tavares Brothers) is an American R&B and soul music group composed of five Cape Verdean-American brothers. Some were born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, and they would move back and forth between the two cities throughout their childhood.  They are best known for their hits "Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel" in 1976, and "It Only Takes a Minute", in 1975.
Yi Ch'un
Yi Ch'un (1265 – August 25, 1342) or known for his Mongolian name Bayan Temür (Mongolian script: Баян төмөр; Pai-yen tö-mör) was the grandfather of Yi Sŏng-gye, founder of the Joseon Dynasty.

From Yuan dynasty, he replaced his father, Yi Haeng-ni (이행리) as a chiliarch. He later married Lady Pak of the Munju Pak clan (문주 박씨; the future Queen Gyeongsun) and had 2 sons, they were: Yi Cha-hŭng and Yi Cha-ch'un, the biological father of Yi Sŏng-gye. After Pak's death, Yi remarried again with Lady Cho (조씨), the daughter of Cho Yang-gi (조양기). In 5 August 1392, his grandson, Yi Sŏng-gye founded the Joseon Dynasty and he posthumously honoured his grandfather as King Gonguiseongdo the Great (공의성도대왕; 恭毅聖度大王) and gave him the temple name Dojo (도조; 度祖). He was buried in Uireung, Hamheung-si, Hamgyeongnam-do and his wife was buried in Sulleung, Heungnam-si, Hamgyeongnam-do.

Queen Kyŏngsun
Queen Kyŏngsun of the Munju Pak clan (Korean: 경순왕후 박씨; Hanja: 敬順王后 朴氏; 1268–?) was the first wife of Yi Chun and mother of Yi Jachun who would become Joseon's founder, Yi Seonggye's father. She was posthumously honoured as Queen Kyŏng (경비; 敬妣; lit. 'the respectful queen') at first.
Kookaburra Sport
Kookaburra Sport Pty Ltd (or simply Kookaburra) is an Australian sports equipment and apparel company based in Melbourne, Australia. The company was founded in 1890 and specialises in manufacturing various equipment used for Australian rules football, cricket, and field hockey. The company is named after the Australian bird Kookaburra. The company manufactures the white ball used in all One-day and T20 international matches except England and Ireland which uses the Dukes and the red ball used in Test cricket in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Zimbabwe.

British Cricket Balls Ltd
British Cricket Balls Limited is a British sports equipment and apparel company, specialising in cricket equipment. The company manufactures the Dukes brand of cricket balls used for playing Test cricket in United Kingdom, the West Indies and Ireland. The company was founded in 1760 by the Dukes family. The company is currently owned by Indian businessman Dilip Jajodia, who acquired it in 1987.
165th Airlift Squadron
The 165th Airlift Squadron (165 AS) is a unit of the Kentucky Air National Guard 123d Airlift Wing located at Louisville Air National Guard Base, Kentucky. The 165th is equipped with the C-130J Super Hercules.

123rd Airlift Wing
The 123rd Airlift Wing (123 AW) is a unit of the Kentucky Air National Guard, stationed at Louisville International Airport (Louisville Air National Guard Base), Kentucky. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.