hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isle of Man Government
The Isle of Man Government (Manx: Reiltys Ellan Vannin) is the government of the Isle of Man. The formal head of the Isle of Man Government is the Lieutenant Governor, the personal representative of the Lord of Mann (currently Charles III). The executive head is the Chief Minister.

Douglas, the capital city in the Isle of Man, home to the seat of government, is where most Government offices and the parliament chambers (Tynwald) are located.

The Civil Service has more than 2,000 employees and the total number of public sector employees including civil servants, teachers, nurses, police, etc. was 7,413 full-time equivalent on 31 March 2019. This is just under 10% of the population of the Island and 21% of the working population. This does not include any military forces, as defence is the constitutional responsibility of the United Kingdom.

Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
The chief minister (Manx: Ard-hirveishagh) is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government.

The office derives from that of chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the lieutenant governor, but thereafter the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man. The title was changed to "chief minister" in 1986.

The chief minister is appointed by the lieutenant governor on the nomination of the House of Keys (formerly the nomination of Tynwald) after a general election for the House of Keys. He holds office until the next general election (i.e. normally for five years) and is eligible for re-appointment, but may be removed from office by simple majority in Tynwald on a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers.

The incumbent chief minister is Alfred Cannan, who has held the office since 12 October 2021.
Dodge Colt
The Dodge Colt is a subcompact car manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors and marketed by Dodge for model years 1971 to 1994 as a captive import. Rebadged variants included the Plymouth Champ and Plymouth Colt, both were marketed by Plymouth.

The Colt was initially a rebadged variant of the rear-wheel drive Galant and Lancer families before shifting to the smaller front-wheel drive Mitsubishi Mirage subcompacts in 1979.

Mitsubishi Mirage
The Mitsubishi Mirage is a range of cars produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi from 1978 until 2003 and again since 2012. The hatchback models produced between 1978 and 2003 were classified as subcompact cars, while the sedan and station wagon models, marketed prominently as the Mitsubishi Lancer, were the compact offerings. The liftback introduced in 1988 complemented the sedan as an additional compact offering, and the coupé of 1991 fitted in with the subcompact range. The current Mirage model is a subcompact hatchback and sedan and it replaces the Mitsubishi Colt sold between 2002 and 2012.
Jacques Feldbau
Jacques Feldbau was a French mathematician, born on 22 October 1914 in Strasbourg, of an Alsatian Jewish traditionalist family. He died on 22 April 1945 at the Ganacker Camp, annex of the concentration camp of Flossenbürg in Germany. As a mathematician he worked on differential geometry and topology.

He was the first student of Charles Ehresmann. He is known as one of the founders of the theory of fiber bundles. He is the one who first proved that a fiber bundle over a simplex is trivializable and who used this to classify bundles over spheres.

In a paper, written together with Ehresmann, he introduced the notion of an associated bundle and proved results known today as the exact homotopy sequence of a fibration.

Charles Ehresmann
Charles Ehresmann (19 April 1905 – 22 September 1979) was a German-born French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory.

He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the introduction of the concepts of Ehresmann connection and of jet bundles, and for his seminar on category theory.
2001 Swiss referendums
Eleven referendums were held in Switzerland during 2001. The first three were held on 4 March on popular initiatives on joining the European Union, lowering medicine prices and lowering the urban speed limit to 30 km/h in most places. All three were rejected by voters. The next three referendums were held on 10 June on two separate amendments to the federal law on the Swiss army and on a federal resolution on abolishing the requirement for a permit to establish a diocese, all of which were approved.

The final five referendums were held on 2 December on federal resolution on expenditure, which was approved, and four popular initiatives, all of which were rejected. The popular initiatives were "for an assured Aged and Bereaved insurance - tax on energy instead of work," "for an authentic security policy and a Switzerland without army," "Solidarity creates security: for a voluntary civilian peace service" and "for a capital gains tax."

Switzerland–European Union relations
Switzerland is not a member state of the European Union (EU). It is associated with the Union through a series of bilateral treaties in which Switzerland has adopted various provisions of European Union law in order to participate in the Union's single market, without joining as a member state. Among Switzerland's neighbouring countries, all but one (the microstate Liechtenstein) are EU member states.
2024 Munster Senior Hurling Championship
The 2024 Munster Senior Hurling Championship is the 137th edition of the Munster Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Munster Council in 1888 and is the highest-tier of Hurling for senior county teams in Munster. It is contested by five Munster GAA county teams ranked 1–5 in the 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.

The competition began on 21 April with the final on 9 June. Limerick, captained by Declan Hannon retained the title for the sixth year in a row after a 1-26 to 1-20 win against Clare in the final.

2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) was the 137th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament, since its establishment in 1887.

The 2024 championship began with provincial tournaments in April and ended with the All-Ireland Final on 21 July.

Limerick entered the competition as the defending champion, having won the previous four titles. They were attempting to become the first team in history to win five-in-a-row, a feat never achieved in hurling. This had previously been attempted by Cork in 1945 and Kilkenny in 2010, both thwarted by Tipperary.

The final was played on 21 July 2024 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Clare and Cork. Clare won that game by 3–29 to 1–34, thus claiming a fifth title.
Local income tax in Scotland
Several political parties have advocated a local income tax in Scotland as an alternative to the Council Tax, as part of funding for local authorities. Various proposals were promoted during the 2007 general election campaign.

Council Tax
Council Tax is a local taxation system used in England, Scotland and Wales. It is a tax on domestic property, which was introduced in 1993 by the Local Government Finance Act 1992, replacing the short-lived Community Charge (also known as "poll tax"), which in turn had replaced the domestic rates. Each property is assigned one of eight bands in England and Scotland (A to H), or nine bands in Wales (A to I), based on property value, and the tax is set as a fixed amount for each band. The higher the band, the higher the tax. Some property is exempt from the tax, and some people are exempt from the tax, while some get a discount.

In 2011, the average annual levy on a property in England was £1,196 (equivalent to £1,841 in 2023). In 2014–15, the tax raised enough money to cover 24.3% of council expenditure.

Council Tax is difficult to avoid or evade and therefore has one of the highest collection rates of any tax, with in-year collection rates of 97.0% in 2014–15.
Gisela (mother of Regelinda)
Gisela was a Unruoching noblewoman and the mother of Regelinda of Zürich, Duchess of Swabia.

Her father was Liuto (Liutold) von Rheinau, attested as bailiff of the Rheinau monastery in 878, a son of Count Liutold, who married Judith "von Balingen". Judith was the daughter of Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious and Judith of Bavaria. She was thus a descendant of Charlemagne.

She married her first cousin, Eberhard of Sülichgau, and they had at least two daughters, Judith (who married Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, and was the mother of Eberhard and Judith.) and Regelinda of Zürich, Duchess of Swabia.

Other sources state that Gisela's father was in fact Unruoch III of Friuli, a Unruoching, himself of Carolingian descent.

Regelinda of Zürich
Regelinda of Zürich (died in 958) was Duchess of Swabia through her first marriage to Burchard II. After the death of her first husband, she married Hermann of Swabia in 926.

Regelinda's origins go back to the Carolingians; her great-granduncle was Louis the German. Through her great-grandfather, Eberhard of Friuli, she was related to the Unruochings. Her great-grandmother was Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious.
Hyrax Hill
Hyrax Hill is a prehistoric site near Nakuru in the Rift Valley province of Kenya. It is a rocky spur roughly half a kilometer in length, with an elevation of 1,900 meters above sea level at its summit. The site was first discovered in 1926 by Louis Leakey during excavations at the nearby Nakuru Burial Site, and Mary Leakey conducted the first major excavations between 1937 and 1938. There are two distinct areas of occupation at Hyrax Hill: one which was occupied during the Pastoral Neolithic and late Iron Age, and one which was occupied by the Sirikwa earlier in the Iron Age.

Hyrax Hill is named after the hyrax, a small mammal that lives in rocky areas. Hyraxes were once common in the rocky crevasses of Hyrax Hill, but their numbers have dropped in recent years due to the rapid urbanization of the surrounding area.

Hyrax Hill is the location of Hyrax Hill Prehistoric Site and Museum.

Hyrax Hill Prehistoric Site and Museum
The Hyrax Hill site was proclaimed a national monument in 1945 and opened to the public in 1965. This was as a result of startling discoveries of relics by Mrs. Selfe and subsequent archaeological excavations that were carried out by Dr. Mary Leakey in 1938 that revealed substantial findings in different areas of the site and levels of occupations. The late Mrs. Selfe was the owner of the property. The renovation of archaeology exhibit was made possible through the kind sponsorship of Kenya Museum Society and consultation of British Institute in Eastern Africa in collaboration with the National Museums of Kenya.
The hill comprises particular importance because it encompasses several phases of occupation; it also has a long history of archaeological investigation, which began in 1937 with Mary Leakey.
Theodora of Emesa
Theodora of Emesa was a member of an intellectual group of neoplatonists in late fifth and early sixth century Alexandria, and a disciple of Isidore. Damascius dedicated his Life of Isidore, also known as the Philosophical History, to Theodora, having written it at her request.

Damascius
Damascius (/dəˈmæʃəs/; Ancient Greek: Δαμάσκιος; c. 462 – after 538), known as "the last of the Athenian Neoplatonists", was the last scholarch of the neoplatonic Athenian school. He was one of the neoplatonic philosophers who left Athens after laws confirmed by emperor Justinian I forced the closure of the Athenian school in c. 529 AD. After he left Athens, he may have sought refuge in the court of the Persian King Chrosroes, before being allowed back into the Byzantine Empire. His surviving works consist of three commentaries on the works of Plato, and a metaphysical text entitled Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles.
Villano de Las Encartaciones
The Villano de Las Encartaciones is a Spanish breed of large working dog from the region of Las Encartaciones in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country; it is found also in Álava, in eastern Cantabria and in northern Burgos.: 596  The traditional use of the dogs is in management of cattle of the Monchina breed of Cantabria and the País Vasco, and particularly to assist with bringing the cattle down from the mountain pastures between October and December. In 2009 there were fewer than 200 dogs registered in the stud-book.: 596

It is one of five Basque breeds of dog, the others being the Basque Shepherd Dog, the Erbi Txakur, the Pachón Navarro and the Villanuco de Las Encartaciones.

Villanuco de Las Encartaciones
The Villanuco de Las Encartaciones (Basque: Enkarterriko Billanuko, Cantabrian: Villanucu) is a Spanish breed of small dog of ratter type. It originates in the comarca of Enkarterri (Spanish: Las Encartaciones) in the Basque Autonomous Community in northern Spain. It is one of five Basque breeds of dog, the others being the Basque Shepherd Dog, the Erbi Txakur, the Pachón Navarro and the Villano de Las Encartaciones, and one of fourteen animal breeds native to the País Vasco.

It is critically endangered: in 2009 there were fewer than fifty examples.: 599
Fibrinolysis
Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic. Primary fibrinolysis is a normal body process, while secondary fibrinolysis is the breakdown of clots due to a medicine, a medical disorder, or some other cause.

In fibrinolysis, a fibrin clot, the product of coagulation, is broken down. Its main enzyme plasmin cuts the fibrin mesh at various places, leading to the production of circulating fragments that are cleared by other proteases or by the kidney and liver.

Plasmin
Plasmin is an important enzyme (EC 3.4.21.7) present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots. The degradation of fibrin is termed fibrinolysis.  In humans, the plasmin protein (in the zymogen form of plasminogen) is encoded by the PLG gene.
Quatre aventures de Spirou et Fantasio
Quatre aventures de Spirou et Fantasio, written and drawn by Franquin, is a collection of four stories from serial publication between 1948 and 1950 in Spirou magazine, namely Spirou et les plans du robot, Spirou sur le ring, Spirou fait du cheval, and Spirou chez les Pygmées.  Together they were released as the first official series Spirou et Fantasio hardcover album in 1950.

Spirou & Fantasio
Spirou & Fantasio (French: Spirou et Fantasio), commonly shortened to Spirou, is one of the most popular classic Franco-Belgian comics. The series, which has been running since 1938, shares many characteristics with other European humorous adventure comics like The Adventures of Tintin, Lucky Luke, and Asterix. It has been written and drawn by a succession of artists.

Spirou and Fantasio are the series' main characters, two adventurous journalists who run into fantastic adventures, aided by Spirou's pet squirrel Spip and their inventor friend, the Count of Champignac.
Urvashi Dholakia
Urvashi Dholakia (pronounced [ˈʊɾʋəʃi d̪ʱoːˈlaːkɪjaː]; born 9 July 1979) is an Indian television actress. She is best known for her role of Komolika in the long running television series Kasautii Zindagii Kay, for which she won the Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role and the ITA Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role five times, and for winning the reality television show Bigg Boss 6.

Komolika
Komolika Majumdar is a fictional character from the Indian television series Kasautii Zindagii Kay, created by Ekta Kapoor. She is known for her glamorous style and malevolent schemes. The character has been portrayed by Urvashi Dholakia in the original series (2001–2008).
Prospect Reservoir
The Prospect Reservoir is a heritage-listed 50,200-megalitre (1,770×10^6 cu ft) potable water supply and storage reservoir created by the Prospect Dam, across the Prospect Creek located in the Western Sydney suburb of Prospect, in New South Wales, Australia. The eastern bounds of the reservoir are a recreational area and the western periphery are within the bounds of Western Sydney Parklands. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 18 November 1999.

Prospect Reservoir is Sydney's largest reservoir and stores water conveyed from Warragamba Dam, the Upper Nepean Dams (Cataract, Cordeaux, Avon and Nepean) and if necessary, from the Shoalhaven Scheme, for supplying the larger component of the water distribution system of the Sydney metropolis. Located approximately 34 km west of Sydney, the reservoir is a zoned earth embankment dam that is 26m high and approximately 2.2 km long, with a storage capacity of 50,200 megalitres and an open capacity of 8,870 megalitres.

Prospect Nature Reserve
Prospect Nature Reserve is a nature reserve and recreational area that is situated in the western suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, which incorporates the Prospect Reservoir, and also features picnic spots, lookouts, walking tracks and BBQ areas within the Australian bush. It is located within the Blacktown City local government area, but is also close to the boundaries of Cumberland Council (to the east) and the City of Fairfield (to the south).

One of the largest reserves in Western Sydney, it was established on 28 February 2007, although the picnic areas have been open decades prior to that date. The reserve and its surroundings, including the Eastern Creek landscape, are of significant cultural worth to the Darug people, also having weighty scientific and educational values.
Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir (born possibly around 980–1019) was an Icelandic explorer, born at Laugarbrekka in Snæfellsnes, Iceland.

She appears in the Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders, known collectively as the Vinland sagas. She and her husband Thorfinn Karlsefni led an expedition to Vinland where their son Snorri Thorfinnsson was born, the first known European birth in the Americas (outside of Greenland).

In Iceland, Gudrid is known by her byname víðförla (lit. wide-fared or far-travelled).

Snorri Thorfinnsson
Snorri Thorfinnsson (Old Norse and Icelandic: Snorri Þorfinnsson or Snorri Karlsefnisson; most likely born between 1004 and 1013, and died c. 1090) was the son of explorers Thorfinn Karlsefni and Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir. He is considered to be the first child of European descent to be born in the Americas, apart from Greenland. He became an important figure in the Christianisation of Iceland.
Texas State Highway 332
State Highway 332 (SH 332)  is a 15.646-mile (25.180 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Texas.  The highway includes a 4.8 mi (7.7 km) concurrent section with SH 288 that brings the total length to 20.4 miles (32.8 km).  The highway begins at a junction with State Highway 36 (SH 36) in Brazoria and heads east to a junction with the Bluewater Highway in Surfside Beach.

Texas State Highway 288
State Highway 288 (SH 288)  is a north–south highway in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Texas, between I-45 in downtown Houston and Freeport, where it terminates on FM 1495. The route was originally designated by 1939, replacing the southern portion of SH 19.
Paliz Khoshdel
Paliz Khoshdel (Persian: پالیز خوشدل) is an Iranian underground Film Director, Producer and Editor. He was born in 1985 in Rasht, Iran. From 2009 till now, he continued his career as documentary & experimental filmmaker and producer. His area of concern is mostly on untold stories of Iranian youth generation and their underground lifestyle. He has won many awards in international festivals with the films he has made.

As a director and producer, his films include Ancient Heritage, Street Sultan, Mutiny of Colours. ٫ Apnea, The Makhoola Arrives! and The Football Aficionado.

"The football aficionado" co-produced and co-directed by Paliz Khoshdel and Sharmin Mojtahedzadeh, which participated in the competition section of documentary films, won the best Asian documentary film, "BIFF Mecenat Award".

The Football Aficionado
The Football Aficionado is a long-feature social documentary film co-directed by Sharmin Mojtahedzadeh and Paliz Khoshdel and co-produced by Paliz Khoshdel and Sharmin Mojtahedzadeh. The subject of the film targets gender discrimination and women's rights in Iran.
Mehmed II Giray
Mehmed II Giray (1532 – May 1584) was Khan of the Crimean Khanate who reigned from 1577 to 1584. During his reign he made at least three campaigns against Persia in the service of the Ottomans. He was overthrown by the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean campaign (1584), for refusing to participate to another Ottoman campaign. He was one of the numerous sons of Devlet I Giray. Five of his brothers were later Khans.

He was called Semiz or 'the fat'. Because of his weight he avoided riding horseback and preferred to travel in a wagon drawn by six or eight horses. His use of a wagon contributed to his death. When he came to the throne he had no living uncles and six living brothers: Adil, Alp, Gazi, Fetkh, Mubarak and Selyamet. Saadet II Giray was his son. His many brothers, each of whom was a potential khan, caused trouble during his reign and after.

Devlet I Giray
Devlet I Giray (1512–1577, r. 1551–1577, Crimean Tatar: I Devlet Geray, دولت كراى; Taht Alğan Devlet Geray, تخت آلغان دولت كراى) was Khan of Crimea from 1551 to 1577. Events during his reign included the fall of Kazan to Russia in 1552, the fall of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia in 1556, and the burning of Moscow by the Crimean Tatars in 1571. Another notable event was the defeat of the Crimeans near Moscow in 1572. Cossack raids into the Crimea were also common during his reign.
University of Montenegro Faculty of Civil Engineering
The University of Montenegro Faculty of Civil Engineering (Montenegrin: Građevinski fakultet Univerziteta Crne Gore Грађевински факултет Универзитета Црне Горе) is one of the educational institutions of the University of Montenegro. Its building is located in Podgorica, at the University campus.

University of Montenegro
The University of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Univerzitet Crne Gore / Универзитет Црнe Горe) is a national public university of Montenegro.

Its central administration and most of its constituent faculties are located in the country's capital Podgorica, with campuses in Nikšić, Cetinje, and Kotor. Its institution was established in 1974 and currently has 19 faculties.
Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.

National Democratic Front (Mexico)
The “National Democratic Front” (Spanish: Frente Democrático Nacional) was a coalition of Mexican left-wing political parties created to compete in the 1988 presidential elections and, as such, was the immediate predecessor of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). It was the result of an agglutination of small political left and center-left forces with dissident members from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Their candidate for the presidential election was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas.