hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel
Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel (28 June 1557 – 19 October 1595) was an English nobleman. He was canonised by Pope Paul VI in 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. Howard lived mainly during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I; he was charged with being a Roman Catholic, quitting England without leave, and sharing in Jesuit plots. For this, he was sent to the Tower of London in 1585. Howard spent ten years in the Tower, until his death from dysentery.

Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton
Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton KG (25 February 1540 – 15 June 1614) was an English aristocrat and courtier. He was suspected throughout his life of being Roman Catholic, and went through periods of royal disfavour, in which his reputation suffered greatly. He was distinguished for learning, artistic culture and his public charities. He built Northumberland House in London and superintended the construction of the fine house of Audley End. He founded and planned several hospitals. Francis Bacon included three of his sayings in his Apophthegms, and chose him as "the learnedest councillor in the kingdom to present to the king his Advancement of Learning." After his death, it was discovered that he had been involved in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury.
Loudmouth (Vial album)
Loudmouth (stylized in all caps) is the debut studio album by American punk rock band VIAL. Produced by Henry Stoehr of Slow Plup, Loudmouth was released on July 30, 2021. The album was released through Get Better Records in America and was sold in Europe by Specialist Subject Records and Hassle Records.
In the official behind the scenes video, Taylor Kraemer had said the band had been working on the songs for a year and a half. Later in the video, Katie Fischer said that they had the song ‘Piss Punk’ way before their first EP Grow Up was made.

Vial (band)
Vial (stylized in all caps) is an American punk rock band, formed in 2019 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and consisting of vocalist-guitarist KT Branscom, vocalist-drummer Katie Fischer, and vocalist-bassist Taylor Kraemer. Grey Kanfield is the former bassist of the band, leaving the band in 2022.

Vial released their debut EP, Grow Up, in November 2019. Their first full-length album, Loudmouth, was released in July 2021. The EP Burnout was released in March 2024. A re-recorded version of their first EP, under the new title Grow the Fuck Up, was released in November 2024.The band's second full length album, Hellhound, was announced to be released in March 2026.
Zhu Su
Zhu Su (8 October 1361 – 2 September 1425) was a medical scientist, botanist, author of Jiuhuang Bencao, and a prince of the Ming dynasty. He was the fifth son of the Hongwu Emperor and Empress Ma. In 1370, he was made the Prince of Wu, and in 1378, his title was changed to Prince of Zhou. He was assigned to Kaifeng in 1381.

Empress Ma (Hongwu)
Empress Xiaocigao (Chinese: 孝慈高皇后, 18 July 1332 – 23 September 1382), commonly known as Empress Ma (Chinese: 馬皇后), was an imperial consort of the Ming dynasty. She was the principal wife of the Hongwu Emperor and acted as his adviser in politics, exerting a large amount of influence during his reign.
USS Mannert L. Abele
USS Mannert L. Abele (DD-733), was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer of the United States Navy. The destroyer was sunk on 12 April 1945, near Okinawa with 84 casualties. It was the first US warship to be damaged or sunk by the rocket powered Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka suicide flying bomb.

Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka
The Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka (櫻花, Ōka; "cherry blossom"; 桜花 in modern orthography) is a purpose-built, rocket-powered human-guided kamikaze attack-aircraft deployed by Japan against Allied ships in the Pacific Ocean theater toward the end of World War II. Although extremely fast, the Ohka had a very short range of 37 km (20 nmi; 23 mi), so it had to be carried into action as a parasite aircraft by a much larger bomber that was vulnerable to carrier-borne fighters. In action during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945, Ohkas succeeded in sinking or damaging some escort-vessels and transport ships, but never sank any major warships. The Japanese developed improved versions in an attempt to overcome the aircraft's shortcomings, but they came too late for deployment.

Allied personnel referred to the aircraft as "Baka Bombs" (baka being a Japanese pejorative term meaning "fool" or "idiot").
Harry Vallence
Henry Francis "Soapy" Vallence (4 June 1905 – 25 July 1991) was a champion Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the Victorian Football Association (VFA). He played at full-forward for the VFL's Carlton Football Club in the 1930s, and in the 1940s for the VFA's Williamstown and Brighton Football Clubs.

Williamstown Football Club
The Williamstown Football Club, nicknamed the Seagulls, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Williamstown. The club currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and VFL Women's (VFLW) competitions.
Canton of Jura
The Republic and Canton of Jura (officially in French: République et Canton du Jura), less formally the Canton of Jura or Canton Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ), is the newest (founded in 1979) of the 26 Swiss cantons, located in the northwestern part of Switzerland. The capital is Delémont. It shares borders with the canton of Basel-Landschaft, the canton of Bern, the canton of Neuchatel, the canton of Solothurn, and the French regions of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and Grand Est.

Canton of Solothurn
The canton of Solothurn or canton of Soleure (German: Kanton Solothurn; Romansh: Chantun Soloturn; French: Canton de Soleure; Italian: Canton Soletta) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is Solothurn.
Washington State Route 397
State Route 397 (SR 397) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Washington, serving the Tri-Cities region. It primarily functions as a truck route through industrial areas in Finley, Kennewick, and Pasco, running 22 miles (35 km) between junctions with Interstate 82 (I-82) and I-182. The highway crosses the Columbia River on the Cable Bridge, built in 1978 to replace an earlier bridge.

SR 397 was added to the state highway system in 1991, as a short route connecting Finley to Pasco. Two years later, the highway was extended further south into Finley. The remaining highway between I-82 and Finley in the Horse Heaven Hills was constructed by the state government and Benton County from 2004 to 2008 and was signed as part of SR 397 in 2009.

Pasco, Washington
Pasco (/ˈpæskoʊ/ PAS-koh) is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Washington, United States. The population was 77,108 at the 2020 census, and estimated at 81,724 in 2024.
Pasco is one of three cities (the others being Kennewick and Richland) that make up Washington state's Tri-Cities region, a mid-sized metropolitan area of approximately 303,622 people.
Cullen Potter
Cullen Potter (born January 10, 2007) is an American college ice hockey player competing for the Arizona State Sun Devils in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). He was selected 32nd overall by the Calgary Flames in the 2025 NHL entry draft.

Arizona State Sun Devils men's ice hockey
The Arizona State Sun Devils men's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents Arizona State University. It plays its home games at Mullett Arena in Tempe.

The Sun Devils initially competed in the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA). The team competed as an independent in NCAA Division I from 2015 until 2023 before joining the NCHC in 2024. Arizona State also maintains Division 1, 2 and 3 level teams in the WCHL and WCHC.
Ohio State Route 32
State Route 32 (SR 32), also known as the James A. Rhodes Appalachian Highway, is a major east–west highway across the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the eighth longest state route in Ohio, spanning southern Ohio from Cincinnati to Belpre, across the Ohio River from Parkersburg, West Virginia. Except in Belpre, leading up to the bridge into West Virginia, the entire route outside Cincinnati's beltway (Interstate 275, I-275) is a high-speed four-lane divided highway, forming the Ohio portion of Corridor D of the Appalachian Development Highway System.

Appalachian Development Highway System
The Appalachian Development Highway System (ADHS) is a series of highway corridors in the Appalachia region of the eastern United States.  The routes are designed as local and regional routes for improving economic development in the historically isolated region.  It was established as part of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965, and has been repeatedly supplemented by various federal and state legislative and regulatory actions.  The system consists of a mixture of state, U.S., and Interstate routes.  The routes are formally designated as "corridors" and assigned a letter.  Signage of these corridors varies from place to place, but where signed are often done so with a distinctive blue-colored sign.

The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) forecast benefits of ADHS' completion by FY 2045 as the creation of 47,000 new jobs and $4.2 billion in gross regional product (GRP).
Duluth Depot
The St. Louis County Depot is a historic railroad station in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It was built as a union station in 1892, serving seven railroads at its peak.  Rail service ceased in 1969 and the building was threatened with demolition until it reopened in 1973 as St. Louis County Heritage & Arts Center (The Depot). Train service also resumed from 1974 to 1985, by Amtrak.

Owned today by St. Louis County, the building houses two museums (Lake Superior Railroad Museum, and St. Louis County Historical Society Museum), two performing arts organizations (DSSO and Minnesota Ballet), and serves as the departure point for the North Shore Scenic Railroad.

North Shore Scenic Railroad
The North Shore Scenic Railroad (reporting mark LSRX) is a heritage railroad that operates between Duluth and Two Harbors, Minnesota, United States, along 28 miles (45 km) of the Lakefront Line, once part of the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad.

Owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum, the NSSR operates out of the former Duluth Union Depot, now the St. Louis County Depot. Ridership hit 110,000 in 2018, the railroad's record.
2011–12 3. Liga
The 2011–12 3. Liga was the fourth season of the 3. Liga, Germany's third tier of its football league system. The season commenced on 22 July 2011, two weeks earlier than the 2011–12 Bundesliga season and one week after the 2011–12 2. Bundesliga season, and ended with the last games on 5 May 2012. The traditional winter break was held between the weekends around 18 December 2011 and 22 January 2012.

The league comprises fourteen teams from the 2010–11 season, the last two teams from the 2010–11 2. Bundesliga, the losers of the promotion play-off between the 16th-placed 2. Bundesliga team and the third-placed 3. Liga team as well as the three champions of the three 2010–11 Regionalliga divisions.

2011–12 2. Bundesliga
The 2011–12 2. Bundesliga was the 38th season of the 2. Bundesliga, Germany's second tier of its football league system. The season commenced on 15 July 2011, three weeks earlier than the 2011–12 Bundesliga season, and ended with the last games on 6 May 2012. The traditional winter break was to be held between the weekends around 18 December 2011 and 4 February 2012. The league comprises eighteen teams.
Garza County, Texas
Garza County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,816, of which most of the population were residing in its county seat, and only incorporated municipality, Post. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1907. Garza is named for a pioneer Bexar County family, as it was once a part of that county.

Post, Texas
Post is a city in and the county seat of Garza County, Texas, United States. Its population was 4,790 at the 2020 census. According to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 3,486. The Triassic reptile Postosuchus is named after the city.
Frucht graph
In graph theory, the Frucht graph is a cubic graph with 12 vertices, 18 edges, and no nontrivial symmetries. It was first described by Robert Frucht in 1949.

The Frucht graph can be constructed from the LCF notation: [−5,−2,−4,2,5,−2,2,5,−2,−5,4,2]. This describes it as a cubic graph in which two of the three adjacencies of each vertex form part of a Hamiltonian cycle and the numbers specify how far along the cycle to find the third neighbor of each vertex.

Cubic graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a  cubic graph is a graph in which all vertices have degree three. In other words, a cubic graph is a 3-regular graph. Cubic graphs are also called trivalent graphs.

A bicubic graph is a cubic bipartite graph.
Penduko
Penduko (Baybayin: ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜓ) is a 2023 Philippine superhero film written and directed by Jason Paul Laxamana. Based on the Liwayway character Pedro Penduko, it serves as a reboot of the character's various film and television adaptations. The film starred Matteo Guidicelli as the titular character along with Kylie Verzosa and John Arcilla. Produced by Sari Sari Network, the film was released on December 25, 2023 as an entry to the 2023 Metro Manila Film Festival.

2023 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 2023 Metro Manila Film Festival (MMFF) is the 49th edition of the annual Metro Manila Film Festival. During the festival, no foreign films are shown in Philippine theaters (excluding IMAX and 4D theaters).
Rana Nayar
Rana Nayar (born 1957) is a translator of poetry and short fiction from Punjabi to English.  He has more than forty volumes of poetry and translation works to his credit. He is also a theatre artist and has participated in a number of major full-length productions. He won Sahitya Akademi Golden Jubilee prize for his English translation of the Punjabi devotional poetry of Saint Baba Farid.

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
Solar eclipse of September 2, 2054
A partial solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Tuesday, September 1 and Wednesday, September 2, 2054, with a magnitude of 0.9793. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

The partial solar eclipse will be visible for parts of Northeast Asia, Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. This is the last of the first set of partial eclipses in Solar Saros 155.

Solar eclipse of August 3, 2054
A partial solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, August 3, 2054, with a magnitude of 0.0655. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

The partial solar eclipse will be visible for a very small part of Antarctica. This event will be the 71st and final event in Solar Saros 117.
Ardennes classics
The Ardennes classics are three cycling classics held in mid-April in the Belgian Ardennes and southern Limburg in the Netherlands: Liège–Bastogne–Liège, La Flèche Wallonne and Amstel Gold Race. First held in 1892, 1936 and 1966 respectively, the races are notable for their hilly courses, and often have similar riders competing for the top positions as the races are held closely following each other. Cyclists that are specialized in these hilly courses are known as puncheurs. In recent years, the three classics have been held within an 8-day timeframe.

Since the late 2010s, all three of the men's races have been joined by equivalent races on the women's circuit: Amstel Gold Race Ladies Edition, La Flèche Wallonne Féminine and Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes.

Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes
Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes is an annual road bicycle racing event in the Ardennes region of Belgium, held in late April. It is part of the UCI Women's World Tour. The equivalent men's race is a cycling monument. Liege is one of four men's Monuments with an equivalent current women's race, along with Milan–San Remo Women, Paris–Roubaix Femmes and Tour of Flanders for Women.

In 2017, the Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes was inaugurated and added to the UCI Women's World Tour, becoming the second of the cycling monuments to introduce a women's edition after the Tour of Flanders in 2014. It is considered one of the most arduous one-day cycling events in the world because of its length and demanding course. The race generally marks the end of the entire spring classics season, as the one-day races give way to longer stage races; Liége is followed in the women's calendar by La Vuelta Femenina.
Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa
Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa (born 1957) is a Kenyan politician who served as the 15th Minister of Agriculture between 2003 and 2008 in the Kibaki administration. He previously served as Member of Parliament for Cherangany Constituency between 1990 and 2002.

Cherangany Constituency
Cherangany Constituency (also spelled Cherangani Constituency), comprises the larger Trans Nzoia East District; otherwise known as Cherangani Sub-County, with an approximate area of 556.9 square km. It is an electoral constituency in Kenya, which was established/created for the 1988 general election.

It comprises seven county assembly wards, each electing a member of the county assembly (MCA) for the Trans-Nzoia County Assembly.

It is one of five constituencies in Trans-Nzoia County. The constituency was established for the 1988 Kenyan general election. Prior to the 1988 Kenyan general election, it was known as Kitale East Constituency, and was represented in the national assembly by Hon Masinde Muliro and earlier on by Hon Fred Gumo.

Hon Muliro was narrowly re-elected in the infamous 1988 (Public Queue Voting), despite mass rigging elsewhere. Immediately, his election was nullified and he lost the ensuing by-election to a Kalenjin newcomer Hon Kirwa.
Viscount Tara
Viscount Tara (or Taragh) was a title in the Peerage of Ireland.

The title was created by King Charles II in 1650 for the soldier Thomas Preston (1585–1655). He was the second son of Christopher Preston, 4th Viscount Gormanston. The 1st Viscount's son Anthony succeeded him as 2nd Viscount Tara. The title became extinct in 1674 on the death of Thomas, 3rd Viscount, at the hands of Sir Francis Blundell and his two brothers, who were subsequently acquitted of his murder.

Thomas Preston, 1st Viscount Tara
Thomas Preston, 1st Viscount Tara (1585 – October 1655) was an Irish soldier of the 17th century. After lengthy service as a mercenary in the Spanish Army, Preston returned to Ireland following the outbreak of the Rebellion of 1641. He was appointed to command the Leinster Army of the Irish Confederacy, enjoying some success as well as a number of heavy defeats such as the Battle of Dungans Hill in 1647 where his army was largely destroyed. Like other Confederate leaders, Preston was a Catholic Royalist. He remained in close contact with the Lord Lieutenant the Marquess of Ormonde, and was a strong supporter of an alliance between Confederates and Royalists against the English Republicans.

Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, he left for France where he joined the Royalist court-in-exile and was made Viscount Tara by Charles II.
Measures of pollutant concentration
Measures of pollutant concentration are used to determine risk assessment in public health.

Industry is continually synthesizing new chemicals, the regulation of which requires evaluation of the potential danger for human health and the environment. Risk assessment is nowadays considered essential for making these decisions on a scientifically sound basis.

Measures or defined limits include:

no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), also called no-effect concentration (NEC),  no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) or similarly

lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL)

acceptable operator exposure level (AOEL)

ECx (in percentage).

Risk assessment
Risk assessment is a process for identifying hazards, potential (future) events which may negatively impact on individuals, assets, and/or the environment because of those hazards, their likelihood and consequences, and actions which can mitigate these effects. The output from such a process may also be called a risk assessment. Hazard analysis forms the first stage of a risk assessment process. Judgments "on the tolerability of the risk on the basis of a risk analysis" (i.e. risk evaluation) also form part of the process. The results of a risk assessment process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion.

Risk assessment forms a key part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences.
Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
The Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe ("Savings Banks Financial Group") is a network of public banks that together form the largest financial services group in Germany and Europe by assets. Its name refers to local government-controlled savings banks that are known in German as Sparkasse, plural Sparkassen. Its activity is overwhelmingly located in Germany.

Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband
The Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband (DSGV, lit. 'German association of savings banks and money transfers') is the association of German savings banks (German: Sparkassen) and the apex entity of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, the European Union's second-largest financial services group (after BNP Paribas) with 2.5 trillion euros combined assets as of end-2023. Germany's savings banks, owned by local governments, play a major role in the country's economy, together operating some 15,860 branches and employing about 284,800 people.