hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Army Headquarters, Colombo
The Old Army Headquarters refers to the former military headquarters complex of the Sri Lanka Army. Situated next to Galle Face Green and Baladaksha Mawatha (Lower Lake Road), the complex bordered the Beira Lake and had its main entrance at the Slave Island end of Baladaksha Mawatha, Colombo 3. The complex also included the Ministry of Defence buildings, located close to the Galle Face terminus of Baladaksha Mawatha. Apart from operational and administrative offices, it contained the centers of several regiments and corps of the Sri Lanka Army, as well as the Colombo Military Hospital and the army sports grounds.

With the plans to move the Ministry of Defence and Army Headquarters to the new Defence Headquarters Complex in Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, many of the units based there started moving out in 2012, releasing the land for commercial redevelopment which included the Shangri-La Colombo and the larger One Galle Face development project.

Army Headquarters (Sri Lanka)
The Army Headquarters (Army HQ) is the headquarters of the Sri Lanka Army and is located in the Defence Headquarters Complex in Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte. It was established on 1 October 1949 in the Echelon Barracks which was the headquarters of the British Army in Ceylon. It later moved to the Rifle Barracks and then to the Old Army Headquarters Complex, before moving to the new Defence Headquarters Complex.
Rimini Proclamation
The Rimini Proclamation (Italian: Proclama di Rimini) was a proclamation by Joachim Murat, King of Naples, calling for the establishment of a united, self-governing Italy ruled by constitutional law. Its text is widely attributed to Pellegrino Rossi, later Papal Minister of Interior under Pope Pius IX. While it is primarily considered as a desperate attempt from Murat to retain the Neapolitan throne, the Rimini Proclamation was among the earliest calls for Italian unification.

The Rimini Proclamation is dated to 30 March 1815, when Murat's army was passing through Rimini in the Neapolitan War against the Austrian Empire, though it may have been published only after Murat's defeat at the Battle of Tolentino in May 1815. The citizens' address begins with the call:

Italians! The hour has come to engage in your highest destinies.

Neapolitan War
The Neapolitan War, also known as the Austro-Neapolitan War, was a conflict between the Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples and the Austrian Empire. It started on 15 March 1815, when King Joachim Murat declared war on Austria, and ended on 20 May 1815, with the signing of the Treaty of Casalanza. The war occurred during the Hundred Days between Napoleon's return from exile and before he left Paris to be decisively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo. The war was triggered by a pro-Napoleon uprising in Naples and ended with a decisive Austrian victory at the Battle of Tolentino, after which Bourbon monarch Ferdinand IV was reinstated as King of Naples and Sicily. However, the intervention by Austria caused resentment in Italy, which further spurred on the drive towards Italian unification.
State Council of Ceylon
The State Council of Ceylon was the unicameral legislature for Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), established in 1931 by the Donoughmore Constitution. The State Council gave universal adult franchise to the people of the colony for the first time. It replaced the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the colony's original legislative body.

There were only two State Councils: the First, elected in 1931, and the Second, elected in 1936. The 1947 Soulbury Constitution replaced the State Council with the Parliament of Ceylon, as part of a process of constitutional development leading up to independence, which took place on 4 February 1948.

Legislative Council of Ceylon
The Legislative Council of Ceylon was the legislative body of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) established in 1833, along with the Executive Council of Ceylon, on the recommendations of the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission. It was the first form of representative government in the island. The 1931 Donoughmore Constitution replaced the Legislative Council with the State Council of Ceylon.

Members of the Legislative Council, used the post-nominal letters, MLC.
Knights of Saint Thomas
The Hospitallers of St Thomas of Canterbury at Acre, usually called the Knights of St Thomas, was a Christian military order of the Catholic Church. Membership was restricted to Englishmen.

The emblem of the order was a red cross with a white scallop in the centre and the Knights wore a white habit.

Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket (/ˈbɛkɪt/ ⓘ), also known as Saint Thomas of Canterbury, Thomas of London and later Thomas à Becket (21 December 1119 or 1120 – 29 December 1170), was an English cleric and statesman who served as Lord Chancellor from 1155 to 1162, and then as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his death in 1170. He is known for his conflict with King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral. He was canonised by Pope Alexander III two years after his death. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.
Next Generation Jammer
The Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) is a program to develop airborne electronic warfare systems as replacements for the AN/ALQ-99 found on the EA-18G Growler and EA-6B Prowler electronic attack aircraft. Requirements for the system were outlined by the US Navy in 2008 and development of the NGJ program began in 2010. The mid-band portion of the NGJ (NGJ-MB), designated AN/ALQ-249, reached Initial Operating Capability (IOC) in 2021.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/ALQ-249" designation represents the 249th design of an Army-Navy airborne electronic device for special countermeasures equipment. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense and some NATO electronic systems.

AN/ALQ-99
The AN/ALQ-99 is an airborne electronic warfare system, previously found on the EA-6B Prowler and now utilised by the EA-18G Growler military aircraft. The ALQ-99E version of the system was carried on the EF-111A Raven aircraft as an escort or standoff jammer. The aging ALQ-99 is to be replaced by the Next Generation Jammer systems.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/ALQ-99" designation represents the 99th design of an Army-Navy airborne electronic device for special countermeasures equipment. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.
Canadian (canoe)
Canadian is the byname used in some countries for the descendants of the birch bark canoe that was used by the indigenous peoples of Northern America as a convenient means of transportation in the densely forested and impassable areas of Northern America.

In the United Kingdom and several other European countries the kayak is considered to be a kind of canoe. (Technically this is understandable, as one can easily see when a whitewater kayak is converted into a decked whitewater canoe just by taking the seat out and paddle it kneeling with a single blade paddle.) To distinguish canoes from kayaks, a touring, whitewater and racing canoe are then often called 'Canadian canoe' or 'Canadian' for short — e.g.
Kanadier in German, Kanadensare in Swedish, Canadees in Dutch, et cetera.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.
2011 Slamdance Film Festival
The 2011 Slamdance Film Festival was a film festival held  in Park City, Utah from January 20 to January 27, 2011. It was the 17th iteration of the Slamdance Film Festival, an alternative to the more mainstream Sundance Film Festival.

Slamdance Film Festival
The Slamdance Film Festival is an annual film festival focused on emerging artists. The annual week-long festival is held in Los Angeles, California in late February and is the main event organized by the year-round Slamdance organization. The organization also hosts a screenplay competition, workshops, screenings throughout the year, and events with an emphasis on independent films with budgets under $1 million. Its alumni include Sean Baker, Jon M. Chu, Rian Johnson, Ari Aster, The Russo Brothers, Bong Joon Ho, Lena Dunham, Matt Johnson, Steven Soderbergh and Christopher Nolan.
Shah Gabru
Shaykh Gharib Khan Nistani Afghani (Bengali: শেখ গরীব খাঁন নিস্থানি আফগানী, Arabic: شيخ غريب افغاني), popularly known as Shāh Gabru (Bengali: শাহ গাবরু), was a 14th-century Sufi Muslim figure from the Sylhet region. Gabru's name is associated with the propagation of Islam in Osmani Nagar. In 1303, he joined Shah Jalal in the Conquest of Sylhet.

Shah Jalal
Shāh Jalāl Mujarrad Kunyāʾī (شيخ جلال مجرد كنيائي), popularly known as Shah Jalal (Bengali: শাহ জালাল, romanized: Śah Jalal, IPA: [ˈʃaˑ ˈdʒalal]), was a celebrated Sufi Saint, conqueror and historical figure of Bengal. His name is often associated with the Muslim conquest of Sylhet and the Spread of Islam into the region, part of a long history of interactions between the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia. Various complexes and religious places have been named after him, including the largest airport in Bangladesh, Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, Shahjalal University of Science and technology (SUST) and numerous mosques around the United Kingdom.
Formicodiplogaster
Formicodiplogaster is an extinct form genus of nematodes in the family Diplogasteridae which currently includes a single described species Formicodiplogaster myrmenema.  The species is known from early Miocene fossils found on Hispaniola. F. myrmenema has been preserved in association with Azteca alpha, one of only two known fossil species in the ant genus Azteca.

Azteca alpha
Azteca alpha is an extinct species of ant in the subfamily Dolichoderinae known from possibly Miocene fossils found on Hispaniola. A. alpha is one of only two species in the genus Azteca to have been described from fossils, both found in Dominican amber. It is the host for a fossil nematode, and has been preserved with scale insects.
Solihull Moors F.C.
Solihull Moors Football Club is a professional association football club based in Solihull, England. The club currently competes in the National League, the fifth level of the English football league system, after achieving promotion from the National League North in the 2015–16 season.

The club was founded in 2007 by the merger of Moor Green (founded in 1901) and Solihull Borough (founded in 1953). The Moors entered the Conference North, the sixth tier of English football in 2007 where they remained until their promotion in 2016 under Marcus Bignot. After avoiding relegation in 2016–17 and 2017–18, the Moors narrowly missed out on promotion to League Two for the first time ever by finishing in third place before losing the play-off final to Grimsby Town, then once again losing the 2024 play-off final to Bromley. They also reached the FA Trophy final that season, but lost to Gateshead. Solihull Moors play their home matches at Damson Park.

Damson Park
Damson Park (known as the ARMCO Arena for sponsorship reasons) is an association football stadium in Solihull, West Midlands, England. It was the new home of Solihull Borough following their departure from their original Widney Lane Ground. It is now the home of Solihull Moors, the club formed when Solihull Borough and Moor Green merged in 2007. They previously shared Damson Park with Birmingham & Solihull R.F.C. (who moved to Portway in 2012) and also used to have an agreement that allows Birmingham City Reserves the use of the ground for their reserve games. Birmingham City W.F.C. of the FA WSL2 have used Damson Park for home games since 2014.

An earlier sponsorship deal saw Damson Park named the "Autotech Stadium" for three seasons beginning in 2013–14. The capacity of the stadium is 5,500.
Haut-Uele District
Haut-Uele District (French: District du Haut-Uele, Dutch: District Boven-Uele) was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was formed from part of Uele District in 1912. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Haut-Uélé province.

Uele District
Uele District (French: District de l'Uele, Dutch: District Uele) was a district of the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo.
It roughly corresponded to the current provinces of Bas-Uélé and Haut-Uélé.
Jill Vidal
Jill Vidal (Chinese: 衛詩) often referred to as Wei Si or simply as Jill, is a Hong Kong–based urban pop singer and actress. She is of Filipino, Korean, and Chinese ethnicity. Her twin sister, Janice Vidal, is also a singer in Hong Kong.

Janice Vidal
Janice M. Vidal is a Hong Kong Cantopop singer and actress. She was discovered by music producer Mark Lui and initially began her career as a back-up singer for Leon Lai. She debuted as a solo artist in 2004 under Lai's label, Amusic, where she remained until signing with Warner Music in 2015.

She is of mixed Filipino, Chinese, and Korean descent, and she has a twin sister, Jill Vidal, who also sings.
Iba-Balita Ngayon
Iba-Balita Ngayon is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by Studio 23. The newscasts is spin-off to Iba-Balita. Hosted by Lynda Jumilla and Tony Velasquez, it aired from March 7, 2011 to August 3, 2012, replacing Power Rangers Jungle Fury. The newscasts pitting up against GMA News TV's Balitanghali and TV5's Balitaang Tapat.

Iba-Balita
Iba-Balita is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by Studio 23. Anchored by Anthony Taberna, it aired from October 4, 2010 to January 16, 2014, replacing News Central and was replaced by News plus.
Manda II
Manda II is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand India also called Manda south. The elevation of Manda II is 6,568 metres (21,549 ft) and its prominence is 583 metres (1,913 ft). It is joint 71st highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. It lies 1.6 km (0.99 mi) south of Manda I 6,511 metres (21,362 ft) and 2.4 km (1.5 mi) north of Manda III 6,529 metres (21,421 ft). It lies 7.1 km (4.4 mi) NE of Jogin II 6,342 metres (20,807 ft). Its nearest higher neighbor is Bhrigupanth 6,772 metres (22,218 ft). It is located 8.1 km (5.0 mi) NW of Shivling (mountain) 6,543 metres (21,467 ft) and 14.6 km (9.1 mi) west lies Gangotri I 6,682 metres (21,923 ft).

Manda III
Manda III is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand India. The elevation of Manda III is 6,529 metres (21,421 ft) and its prominence is 450 metres (1,476 ft). It is joint 81st highest located entirely within the Uttarakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. It lies 2.4 km south of Manda II 6,568 metres (21,549 ft) and 2.8 km north of Bhrigupanth 6,772 metres (22,218 ft). It lies 6.6 km east of Jogin II 6,342 metres (20,807 ft). It is located 6.7 km NW of Shivling (mountain) 6,543 metres (21,467 ft) and 13.1 km east lies Bhagirathi Parbat II 6,512 metres (21,365 ft).
Kinkanga
The Kinkanga, usually known as the Kinkanga a Mvika or House of Nsundi, was a royal kanda formed by King Pedro II, which ruled the Kingdom of Kongo from 1622 to 1631. While King Pedro II (ruled 1622–24) and his son Garcia I (ruled 1624–1626) were the only other member of the faction or kanda to rule, it retained powerful members in provincial offices in the 1650s until its destruction in the 1670s. Despite this loss in prominence, they were remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinlaza, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked).

Kimpanzu
The Kimpanzu were members of the Mpanzu kanda also known as the House of Kimpanzu, one of the lineages from which the kings of Kongo were chosen during the 17th century and following Kongo's reunification under Pedro IV. They are remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinlaza, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked).
Sharma Nithiyanandam
Sharma Nithiyanandam is an Anglican bishop in the Church of South India: he was consecrated Bishop of Vellore on 19 May 2019.

Nithiyanandham was educated at Leonard Theological College.  He has served Vellore Diocese as chairman of its youth, hostel  and mission boards;  general convener of the 40th anniversary of the diocesan formation; and as honorary secretary of the Diocesan Council.

He and his wife Jessie have one son.

Diocese of Vellore of the Church of South India
The Diocese of Vellore is one among the 24 dioceses of Church of South India, a United Protestant denomination. The motto chosen for the diocese was "In the Cross of Christ I Glory" (based on Galatians chapter 6 verse 14). Its emblem includes a banyan tree - the tree under which the Scudder brothers prayed before they decided to begin their work in the area of Vellore.
Cultural diffusion
In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication "Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis",
is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, art,
religions, technologies, languages—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another.
It is distinct from the diffusion of innovations within a specific culture. Examples of cultural diffusion include the spread of the war chariot and of iron smelting in ancient times, and the use of automobiles and Western business suits in the 20th century.

Kulturkreis
The Kulturkreis (roughly, "culture circle" or "cultural field") school was a central idea of the early 20th-century German school of anthropology that sought to redirect the discipline away from the quest for an underlying, universal human nature toward a concern with the particular histories of individual societies. It was the notion of a culture complex as an entity that develops from a centre of origin and becomes diffused over large areas of the world.
John Blair (pastor)
John Blair (1720 – December 8, 1771) was a Presbyterian minister, a Trustee, Professor, and Acting President of Princeton University. His brother Samuel Blair was a leader of the Presbyterian New Light religious movement. His nephew, Samuel Blair was the second Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives.

Samuel Blair (pastor)
Samuel Blair (June 14, 1712 – July 5, 1751) was a Presbyterian minister and one of the leaders of the Presbyterian New Light religious movement that swept the North American colonies as part of the First Great Awakening.  In 1739, he founded a theology school, Faggs Manor Classical School, near his church in Faggs Manor, Pennsylvania. Blair's son, also named Samuel Blair was born in Faggs Manor, and became the second Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives. The church was rebuilt in 1846 and is now known simply as the Faggs Manor Presbyterian Church.
Oratia Stream
The Oratia Stream is a stream of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north-east from its source at the township of Waiatarua in the Waitākere Ranges, before entering into the Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, which flows into the western the Waitematā Harbour. After beginning at Waiatarua, the stream passes through the rural locality of Oratia and the West Auckland suburbs of Sunnyvale and Henderson. Since the mid-2000s, the Oratia Stream has been forested with native flora.

Oratia
Oratia is a semi-rural locality on the western edge of metropolitan West Auckland in New Zealand.

It is approximately 16 km (9.9 mi) to the south west of Auckland CBD (Central Business District), and sits at the eastern edge of the Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area. It is a relatively quiet community, bridging metropolitan Auckland with the wild forests and beaches of western Auckland.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of long-lingering sun" for Ōrātia.
Viaduc des Arts
The Viaduc des Arts is a converted train line located in the 12th arrondissement of Paris which is now both a series of workshops for highly skilled artisans and, on the top level, the Promenade Plantée, a linear park. It was formerly the "Viaduc de Bastille," for the trains of the Paris-Bastille-Vincennes line.

This repurposing project was designed by the architect Patrick Berger under the direction of the SEMAEST, a private-public consortium for infrastructure development.

The vaults of the Viaduc now host the workshops of artisans working in such diverse areas as glass blowing, furniture manufacturing and jewellery making. Thus, the Viaduc preserves the 12th arrondissement’s tradition of skilled craftsmanship.

Coulée verte René-Dumont
The Coulée verte René-Dumont or Promenade plantée René-Dumont is a 4.7 km (2.9 mi) elevated linear park built on top of obsolete railway infrastructure in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was inaugurated in 1993.
Heating plant and main controls cabin, Florence
The Heating plant and main controls cabin is a technical facilities building in Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station designed by architect Angiolo Mazzoni in 1929. The complex has been called "the greatest masterpiece of Futurist-Constructivist-Modernist architecture".

Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station
Firenze Santa Maria Novella (in English Florence Santa Maria Novella) or Stazione di Santa Maria Novella (IATA: ZMS) is the main railway station in Florence, Italy. The station is used by 59 million people every year and is one of the busiest in Italy.

It is at the northern end of the Florence–Rome high-speed railway line Direttissima, which was completed on 26 May 1992 and the southern end of the Bologna–Florence railway line, opened on 22 April 1934. 
A new high speed line to Bologna opened on 13 December 2009. The station is also used by regional trains on lines connecting to: Pisa, Livorno (Leopolda railway); Lucca, Viareggio (Viareggio–Florence railway); Bologna (Bologna–Florence railway) and Faenza (Faentina railway).
Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle
Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle (石垣山一夜城, Ishigakiyama Ichiya-jō) was a late Sengoku period Japanese castle in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It was one of the most famous among the castles built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and was the site of his first meeting with Date Masamune. Its ruins were designated a National Historic Site in 1959.

Odawara
Odawara (小田原市, Odawara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 185,027 and a population density of 1,700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 113.79 square kilometres (43.93 sq mi).
Jetsun Pema
Jetsun Pema (Dzongkha: རྗེ་བཙུན་པདྨ་; Wylie: rje btsun padma, born on 4 June 1990) is Queen of Bhutan as the wife of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck since their marriage on 13 October 2011. She is currently the youngest queen consort in the world. She and the King have three children: Crown Prince Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, the heir apparent to the Bhutanese throne; Prince Jigme Ugyen Wangchuck; and Princess Sonam Yangden Wangchuck.

Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck
Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck (Dzongkha: འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་, Wylie: jigs med rnam rgyal dbang phyug; born 5 February 2016) is the heir apparent to the Bhutanese throne. He is the first child of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema.