hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minnesota Wild
The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Wild compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Division in the Western Conference. The team plays its home games at the Grand Casino Arena, and is owned by Craig Leipold. The Wild are affiliated with the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Iowa Heartlanders of the ECHL.

The Wild were founded on June 25, 1997, and began play in the 2000–01 season. The team was founded following the departure of the Minnesota North Stars, who were based in Minnesota from 1967 to 1993, when they relocated to Dallas, Texas, and became the Dallas Stars. The Wild made their first Stanley Cup playoffs appearance in 2003, making a surprise run to the Western Conference finals, but ultimately losing to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. The team have appeared in the playoffs a total of 14 times, and have won one division championship, in 2008.

Grand Casino Arena
Grand Casino Arena (formerly Xcel Energy Center) is a multipurpose arena in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was completed in 2000 and often called "The X" by fans. With an official capacity of 17,954, the arena has four spectator levels: one suite level and three for general seating. The building is home to the NHL's Minnesota Wild, the Minnesota Frost of the PWHL, and future MLV Minnesota of Major League Volleyball.

The arena is owned by the city of Saint Paul and operated by the Wild's parent company, Minnesota Sports & Entertainment. It is on the same block of downtown St. Paul as the RiverCentre convention facility, the Roy Wilkins Auditorium, and the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts, and shares a single indoor access area with the RiverCentre and Roy Wilkins Auditorium.
Peter Jackson (footballer, born 1937)
Peter Jackson (23 January 1937 – September 1991) was an English footballer whose career mirrored that of his twin brother David. Peter Jackson was a half back who started his career with his brother at Wrexham, where their father Peter senior was manager. The trio later teamed up at Bradford City, where the two brothers played a combined 449 league games. They also played together at Marine, Tranmere Rovers, Frickley Colliery, Altrincham and Hyde United. Peter died in September 1991, aged 54.

David Jackson (footballer, born 1937)
David Jackson (23 January 1937 – 21 March 2024) was an English footballer whose career mirrored his twin brother Peter's. He was an inside forward. The pair played at Wrexham and Bradford City where their father Peter Jackson was manager.

Jackson also excelled at golf and cricket, playing in the Yorkshire Council League. He died in March 2024, at the age of 87.
1400–1500 in European fashion
Fashion in 15th-century Europe was characterized by a surge of experimentation and regional variety, from the voluminous robes called houppelandes with their sweeping floor-length sleeves to the revealing giornea of Renaissance Italy. Hats, hoods, and other headdresses assumed increasing importance, and were draped, jeweled, and feathered.

As Europe continued to grow more prosperous, the urban middle classes, skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed, at a distance, the fashions set by the elites. It is in this time period that fashion took on a temporal aspect. People could now be dated by their clothes, and being in "out of date" clothing became a new social concern. National variations in clothing seem on the whole to have increased over the 15th century.

Houppelande
A houppelande or houpelande is an outer garment, with a long, full body and flaring sleeves, that was worn by both men and women in Europe in the late Middle Ages. Sometimes the houppelande was lined with fur. The garment was later worn by professional classes, and has remained in Western civilization as the familiar academic and legal robes of today. However, back then it was always worn over a doublet by men.

The houppelande appeared around 1360 and was to remain fashionable well into the next century. It had its origins in the herigaut, a similar 13th-century garment with hanging sleeves. The edges of the houppelande were often dagged, or cut into decorative patterns such as scallops, "embattled" tabs or even leaf shapes.
Starshine 3
Starshine 3 (also called SO-43 and OSCAR 43) is one of five satellites in the Starshine project (Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite for Heuristic International Equipment).

Starshine 3's main task was to study the density of the Earth's upper atmosphere. In addition, the 94 centimetres (37 in) and 91 kilograms (201 lb) heavy spherical satellite body was covered with 1,500 mirrors, which were manufactured by machine technology students in Utah and polished by almost 40,000 students in 1,000 different schools. In addition, 31 laser reflectors and a radio beacon in the amateur radio frequency range (145.825 MHz) were attached. The transmitter was powered by solar cells and batteries. Starshine 3 had neither drive nor position control.

STARSHINE (satellite)
The STARSHINE (Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite Heuristic International Networking Experiment) series of three (later, a fourth one was also launched) artificial satellites were student participatory missions sponsored by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (the fourth STARSHINE was a NASA mission).
Tung Hu Ling
Tung Hu Ling (Chinese: 董虎嶺; pinyin: Dǒng Hǔlǐng; 1917–1992) was a Chinese and later American master of tai chi, known for teaching Yang style and Tung style, and an early leader in the spread of tai chi worldwide. Born in Renze (then known as Renxian), Xingtai, Hebei, China, his father Tung Ying-chieh was a top disciple of Yang Chengfu and famous for his fighting skills. Also highly skilled and creative himself, Tung Hu Ling taught in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Southeast Asia, North America, and Europe. He then emigrated to Hawaii, founding a school in Honolulu, continued teaching workshops around the world, and carried on the Tung family legacy.

Dong Yingjie
Dong Yingjie (Wade-Giles: Tung Ying-chieh, Chinese: 董英傑, 1897 - 1961) was a leading master of tai chi, and a top disciple of Yang Chengfu. Born in Renze (then known as Renxian), Xingtai, Hebei, China, his given name was Wenke (文科). Famous in his time for defeating a foreign boxer in a public challenge match, he dedicated his life to the martial arts, training intensively in multiple styles, serving as chief assistant instructor for Yang Chengfu, and going on to found his own thriving tai chi legacy.
East Surrey Regiment
The East Surrey Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1959. The regiment was formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot, the 70th (Surrey) Regiment of Foot, the 1st Royal Surrey Militia and the 3rd Royal Surrey Militia.

In 1959, after service in the Second Boer War and both World War I and World War II, the East Surrey Regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) to form the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment, which was, in 1966, merged with the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment, the Royal Sussex Regiment and the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) to form the Queen's Regiment. The Queen's Regiment was subsequently amalgamated with the Royal Hampshire Regiment to form the present Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires).

1st Royal Surrey Militia
The 1st Royal Surrey Militia, later the 3rd Battalion, East Surrey Regiment was an auxiliary regiment raised in Surrey in the Home Counties of  England. From its formal creation in 1759 the regiment served in home defence in all of Britain's major wars until 1918, seeing active service in the Second Boer War and supplying reinforcements to the East Surreys during World War I.
Customer switching
In marketing and microeconomics, customer switching or consumer switching describes "customers/consumers abandoning a product or service in favor of a competitor". Assuming constant price, product or service quality, counteracting this behaviour in order to achieve maximal customer retention is the business of marketing, public relations and advertising. Brand switching—as opposed to brand loyalty is the outcome of customer switching behaviour.

Brand loyalty
In marketing and consumer behaviour, brand loyalty refers to a consumer’s consistent preference for a particular brand and their commitment to repeatedly purchasing its products or services despite competing alternatives, market changes, or product shortcomings. It may also be reflected in behaviors such as positive word-of-mouth advocacy.

Corporate brand loyalty describes a pattern in which consumers repeatedly purchase products from the same manufacturer rather than switching to competitors. In business-to-business contexts, a similar concept is sometimes referred to as source loyalty.

Brand loyalty implies an attitudinal commitment and should be distinguished from habitual purchasing, which may occur without emotional attachment or deliberate preference.

Organizations whose financial performance and ethical positioning rely significantly on maintaining strong customer loyalty are sometimes described as operating under a loyalty-driven business model.
Bernie Winters
Bernie Winters (born Bernie Weinstein; 6 September 1932 – 4 May 1991) was an English comedian, actor, musician and TV presenter, and the comic foil of the double act Mike and Bernie Winters with his older brother, Mike. Winters later performed solo, often with the aid of his St Bernard dog, Schnorbitz.

Mike and Bernie Winters
Mike and Bernie Winters were an English comedy double act, consisting of brothers Mike Winters, born Michael Weinstein (15 November 1926 – 24 August 2013) and Bernie Winters, born Bernard Weinstein (6 September 1930 – 4 May 1991).  The act was very popular in the United Kingdom from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s.
Racism against African Americans in the U.S. military
African Americans have served the U.S. military in every war the United States has fought. Formalized discrimination against black people who have served in the U.S. military lasted from its creation during the American Revolutionary War to the end of segregation by President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9981 in 1948. Although desegregation within the U.S. military was legally established with President Truman's executive order, full integration of African-American servicemen was not established until 1950 in the Navy and Air Force, 1953 in the Army, and 1960 in the Marine Corps.

Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces
A series of policies were formerly issued by the United States Armed Forces which entailed the segregation of white and non-white American servicemen, prohibitions on the recruitment of people of color and restrictions of ethnic minorities to supporting roles. Since the American Revolutionary War, each branch of the U.S. military implemented differing policies surrounding racial segregation. Racial discrimination in the U.S. military was officially opposed by Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9981 in 1948. The goal was equality of treatment and opportunity. Jon Taylor says, "The wording of the Executive Order was vague because it neither mentioned segregation or integration."  Racial segregation was ended in the mid-1950s.
Edgewater-Paisano, Texas
Edgewater-Paisano is a suburb of Mathis, Texas and a census-designated place (CDP) in San Patricio County, Texas, United States. The population was 182 at the 2000 U.S. census.

The Edgewater-Paisano CDP, active in the 2000 census, was deleted in the 2010 census and parts taken to form Edgewater Estates and Paisano Park CDPs.

Paisano Park, Texas
Paisano Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Patricio County, Texas, United States. The population was 130 at the 2010 census. Prior to the 2010 census, Paisano Park was part of the Edgewater-Paisano CDP.
Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
51°28′26.4″N 0°35′54.9″W﻿ / ﻿51.474000°N 0.598583°W﻿ / 51.474000; -0.598583

The Royal Burial Ground is a cemetery used by the British royal family. Consecrated on 23 October 1928 by the Bishop of Oxford, it is adjacent to the Royal Mausoleum, which was built in 1862 to house the tomb of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The burial ground lies on the Frogmore estate within the Home Park at Windsor, in the English county of Berkshire.

Frogmore
Frogmore is an estate within the Home Park, adjoining Windsor Castle, in Berkshire, England. It comprises 33 acres (130,000 m2), of primarily private gardens managed by the Crown Estate. It is the location of Frogmore House, a royal retreat, and Frogmore Cottage. The name derives from the preponderance of frogs which have always lived in this low-lying and marshy area near the River Thames. This area is part of the local flood plain. Its large landscaped gardens are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Part of the gardens of the estate are set aside as burial places for members of the British royal family: the Royal Mausoleum (containing the tomb of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert); the Royal Burial Ground; and the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum (the tomb of Queen Victoria's mother).
Huaya
Huaya ("flower seal"; Chinese: 花押; pinyin: Huā Yā; Korean: 화압, romanized: Hwaap; Japanese: 花押, romanized: Kaō, Vietnamese: hoa áp, chữ Hán: 花押) are stylized signatures or marks used in East Asian cultures in place of a fully written signature. Originating from China, the huaya was historically used by prominent figures such as government officials, monks, artists, and craftsmen. The use of stamp seals gradually replaced the huaya, though they are still used occasionally in modern times by important people.

Signature
A signature (/ˈsɪɡnɪtʃər, ˈsɪɡnətʃər/; from Latin: signare, "to sign") is a depiction of someone's name, nickname, or even a simple "X" or other mark that a person writes on documents as a proof of identity and intent. Signatures are often, but not always, handwritten or stylized. The writer of a signature is a signatory or signer. A signature may be confused with an autograph, which is chiefly an artistic signature. This can lead to confusion when people have both an autograph and signature and as such some people in the public eye keep their signatures private whilst fully publishing their autograph.
Barlaam of Kiev
Barlaam of Kiev (died 1065) was the first abbot of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, serving together with St. Anthony of Kiev. He is regarded as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church, with a feast day of 19 November.

Anthony of Kiev
Anthony of Kiev, also called Anthony of the Caves (Russian: Антоний Печерский, Ukrainian: Антоній Печерський; c. 983 – 1073), was a monk and the founder of the monastic tradition in Kievan Rus'. Together with Theodosius of Kiev, he co-founded the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Kiev Monastery of the Caves).
LBC News
LBC News is a British digital radio station owned and operated by Global. The sister station of LBC, it broadcasts rolling news 24 hours a day nationwide on DAB and Global Player. The station used to broadcast on analogue radio in Greater London on 1152 AM until Wednesday 30 October 2024.

LBC
LBC (originally London Broadcasting Company) is a British phone-in and talk radio station owned and operated by Global and based in its headquarters in London. It was the UK's first licensed commercial radio station, and began to broadcast on Monday 8 October 1973, a week ahead of Capital Radio.

The launch of LBC also saw the beginning of Independent Radio News broadcasting, as LBC provided the service to independent local radio stations nationwide. LBC broadcast only to London until 2006, at which time it became available, via digital radio, in some other parts of the country. It has been available nationwide since 2014, with the letters now standing for Leading Britain's Conversation.  LBC has a like-branded sister station, LBC News,  dedicated to rolling news, travel and weather.
Mahindra Tractors
Mahindra Tractors is an Indian agricultural machinery manufacturer. It is part of the Mahindra & Mahindra corporation. In 2010, Mahindra became the world's highest-selling tractor brand by volume. Mahindra's largest consumer base is in India. It also has a growing market in North America and Australia. The company is the largest tractor manufacturer in India and has the capacity to build 150,000 tractors a year.

Founded in 1947, Mahindra Tractors is a division within the Farm Equipment Sector (FES) of the Mahindra Group. Over the past 60 years, the company has developed over 390 tractor models and maintains a network of more than 1,200 dealers across India.

Mahindra Tractors has received several national and state awards for its contributions to the agricultural machinery sector.

Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra and Mahindra is an Indian automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai. It was established in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed and later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. Part of the Mahindra Group, M&M is one of the largest SUV manufacturers by production in India and the Mahindra Tractors subsidiary is the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world by volume. It was ranked 17th on a list of top companies in India by Fortune India 500 in 2018. Its major competitors in the Indian vehicular market include Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors. Anish Shah is the current CEO and Managing Director of Mahindra & Mahindra.
Democratic Left (Italy)
Democratic Left (Italian: Sinistra Democratica, SD), whose complete name was Democratic Left. For European Socialism (Sinistra Democratica. Per il Socialismo Europeo), was a democratic-socialist political party in Italy.

SD was founded on 5 May 2007 by splinters of the Democrats of the Left (DS) led by Fabio Mussi and Gavino Angius, who opposed the merger of the DS with Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy to form the Democratic Party. According to its leading members at its foundation, SD was to be not a party but a movement, with the goal to unite the entire Italian left from Communist Refoundation Party to the Italian Democratic Socialists.

On 22–24 October 2010, SD was merged into Left Ecology Freedom.

Left Ecology Freedom
Left Ecology Freedom (Italian: Sinistra Ecologia Libertà, SEL) was a democratic socialist political party in Italy whose bulk was formed by former members of the Communist Refoundation Party.

The party's leader was Nichi Vendola, a former President of Apulia. On 17 December 2016, SEL dissolved into Italian Left, which was officially launched as a party in early 2017.
Fort Norris
Fort Norris was a stockaded fort built at the orders of Benjamin Franklin in early 1756 in what is now Monroe County, Pennsylvania, following a series of attacks on local communities by Native Americans in December 1755. Construction was initiated in late January, at the same time that neighboring forts Allen, Hamilton, and Franklin were being built. The fort was named for Isaac Norris, speaker of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, who was a member of the planning committee charged with designing defenses in preparation for the French and Indian War. Located about fifteen miles east of Fort Allen, it was one in a chain of defensive posts running from the New Jersey border, southwest to the Maryland border, when attacks on settlements were frequent at the beginning of the French and Indian War. The fort never saw military action and was abandoned in late 1758.: 138

Fort Allen (Carbon County, Pennsylvania)
Fort Allen was a military structure built in Franklin Township (in what is now Weissport), in Carbon County, Pennsylvania in 1756. It was first of several frontier defenses erected by Benjamin Franklin for the Province of Pennsylvania during the French and Indian War. The garrison was rarely more than fifty men, and  the  fort never saw combat, however it became a center of contact and trade with Native Americans and served as a stopping point for Indians traveling to and from Bethlehem, Easton and Philadelphia. It was abandoned in 1761 near the end of the French and Indian War, and briefly reoccupied during Pontiac's War and again during the American Revolutionary War.: 224
Myriopteris chipinquensis
Myriopteris chipinquensis is a small to medium-sized fern endemic to Mexico. Its leaf is up to three times dissected into oblong segments. Narrow scales and hairs are present on the underside of the leaf. One of the cheilanthoid lip ferns, it was classified in the genus Cheilanthes as Cheilanthes chipinquensis until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It grows in Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests, often with the very similar and closely related Myriopteris tomentosa. The name refers to Cerro de Chipinque, where the type specimen was collected.

Myriopteris tomentosa
Myriopteris tomentosa, formerly known as Cheilanthes tomentosa, is a perennial fern known as woolly lipfern.  Woolly lipfern is native to the southern United States, from Virginia to Arizona and Georgia, and Mexico.
YooKassa
YooKassa branded as ЮKassa (Previously Yandex.Checkout) (Russian: Яндекс.Касса), is a Russian E-commerce payment system operated by YooMoney, owned by Sberbank. It was launched in 2013.

In 2017, YooKassa was the most popular payment application in Russia. In 2018, the service was used by over 106,000 websites and had a 31% market share of online payment processing market in Russia by 2018.

YooMoney
YooMoney branded as ЮMoney, (formerly Yandex.Money) is an e-commerce payment system. It is 100% owned by Sberbank and operates in Russia and nearby countries.

The company's headquarters are in Moscow. It has branch offices in Saint Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod.
Clement Comer Clay
Clement Comer Clay (December 17, 1789 – September 6, 1866) was the eighth governor of Alabama from 1835 to 1837. An attorney, judge, and politician, he was elected to the state legislature as well as the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.

He and his son, who also served as a U.S. senator, were among the Alabama’s most prominent enslavers, according to the Washington Post. Together the two men enslaved 87 people on four Alabama plantations as recorded in the 1860 census.

Clement Claiborne Clay
Clement Claiborne Clay (December 13, 1816 – January 3, 1882), also known as C. C. Clay Jr., was a United States senator from the state of Alabama from 1853 to 1861, and a Confederate States senator from Alabama from 1862 to 1864. His portrait appeared on the Confederate one-dollar note (4th issue and later). He was a member of the Democratic Party.

He and his father, who was a governor of Alabama and also a U.S. senator, were among the state's most prominent enslavers, according to the Washington Post. Together the two men enslaved 87 people on four Alabama plantations as recorded in the 1860 census.
North Carolina Highway 226
North Carolina Highway 226 (NC 226) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  Traveling north–south through Western North Carolina, it connects the cities and towns of Grover, Shelby, Marion, Spruce Pine and Bakersville.  It also a scenic byway in the South Mountains area and connects with the summer colony of Little Switzerland, via NC 226A.

North Carolina Highway 226A
North Carolina Highway 226A (NC 226A) is an alternate state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  Signed along two segments that branch from NC 226:  The first connecting the community of Little Switzerland; the second as a bypass west of Bakersville.  It is also distinctive as being one of two alternate state routes in North Carolina, the other being NC 268A.