hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMT Horatio (T153)
Horatio was a Shakespearian-class naval trawler, launched on 8 August 1940. She served in World War II as a minesweeper and was sunk by the German motor torpedo boat S-58 off Cap de Garde, near Bône, Algeria. Two crew members survived the sinking and were captured by the German navy.

Shakespearian-class trawler
The Shakespearian-class trawler was a series of anti-submarine naval trawlers of the Royal Navy. Ships in the class had a displacement of 545 long tons (554 t), a top speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and a crew of 40 men. The trawlers were armed with a QF 12-pounder [76 mm (3.0 in)] gun, three 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns and thirty depth charges. The class was nearly identical to the Isles-class trawlers, of which they are usually considered a subclass. Coriolanus, Horatio and Laertes were lost during the war. Othello, was transferred to Italy in 1946 and Rosalind to Kenya, also in 1946. By the end of that year, only Hamlet and Macbeth remained in service with the Royal Navy; both were sold in 1947.
Siddington, Gloucestershire
Siddington is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. It is located immediately south of Cirencester. At the 2011 United Kingdom Census, the parish had a population of 1,249.

There is evidence of Neolithic inhabitation of the area. Situated adjacent to Ermin Way, the Roman road connecting present-day Gloucester and Silchester, Siddington has multiple examples of Romano-British settlements. The village was mentioned in the Domesday Book, and parts of the church are Norman. During the Industrial Revolution, the Thames and Severn Canal was built through the parish, followed by the Cirencester branch line and the Swindon and Cheltenham Extension Railway in the 1840s and 1880s respectively.

Siddington is located near the Cotswolds AONB, and parts of the Cotswold Water Park SSSI are within the parish.

Cirencester
Cirencester (/ˈsaɪ(ə)rənˌsɛstə/ ⓘ SY-rən-SEST-ə, occasionally /ˈsɪsɪtə/ ⓘ SIS-it-ə) is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswold District of Gloucestershire, England. It lies on the River Churn, a tributary of the Thames. Cirencester is the eighth largest settlement in Gloucestershire and the largest town within the Cotswolds. It is the home of the Royal Agricultural University, the oldest agricultural college in the English-speaking world, founded in 1840. The town had a population of 20,229 in 2021. The town is 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Swindon, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Gloucester, 37 miles (60 km) west of Oxford and 39 miles (63 km) north-east of Bristol.

The Roman name for the town was Corinium, which is thought to have been associated with the ancient British tribe of the Dobunni, having the same root word as the River Churn. The earliest known reference to the town was by Ptolemy in AD 150. The town's Corinium Museum has an extensive Roman collection.
Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a governor may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root gubernare. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation.

Governor-general
Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire and the Commonwealth. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general continue to be appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK Commonwealth realm). In the British Empire, governors-general were appointed on the advice of the government of the United Kingdom and were often British aristocracy, but in the mid-twentieth century they began to be appointed on the advice of the independent government of each realm and were citizens of each independent state.

Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial states or other territories held by either a monarchy or republic, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan and France in Indochina.
Thali dialect
Thaḷī is a dialect of Saraiki language spoken in parts of the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is alternative term for Derawali dialect of Saraiki, although it has also been described as transitional between Saraiki and Jhangvi-Shahpuri. Its name derives from the Thal Desert, in which it is spoken.

The vocabulary of Thali is similar to Jhangvi-Shahpuri spoken to the east, but often the forms are closer to that of Saraiki.

Derawali dialect
Ḍerāwālī (ڈیرا والی) is a term used for a group of Lahnda varieties spoken in the Derajat and Mianwali. Derawali is not recognised as a distinct dialect; in Dera Ismail Khan District and Mianwali, Derawali is the local name of the Thali dialect, whereas in Dera Ghazi Khan District, it refers to the Multani variety of Saraiki language. In both cases, the dialect in question is also referred to as the term Hindkī (which is not to be confused with the Hindko spoken up north).
Speedy Long
Speedy Oteria Long (June 16, 1928 – October 5, 2006) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 8th congressional district from January 3, 1965, until January 3, 1973. He was a member of the Long family, a cousin of Huey Long, Earl K. Long, Russell B. Long, Gillis William Long, Jimmy D. Long and Gerald Long.

Gillis William Long
Gillis William Long (May 4, 1923 – January 20, 1985) was an American politician and lawyer who served as a U.S. representative from Louisiana. He was a member of the Long family and cousin of Speedy Long.
East Germany at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
East Germany first competed as its own team at the World Championships in 1958 where the men's and women's teams both placed ninth.  The men would win their first team medal, a bronze, in 1966.  The women would win their first team medal, a silver, at the following iteration of the World Championships in 1970.  In 1989 East and West Germany were reunified; therefore in 1991 they began competing as a unified German team.

Germany at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Germany first competed at the 1934 World Championships.  They did not compete at another World Championships until 1954, in which East Germany and West Germany competed as a joint team.  Starting at the 1958 World Championships the two nations competed as separate teams.  In 1991 Germany competed for the first time as a reunified team.
McAnally
McAnally is an Irish surname. It is the Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Conallaidh meaning 'son of Cú Allaidh' ('wild hound', 'wolf'). The death of the progenitor – Conchobhar mac Con Allaidh, lord of Cenél Moain, in Ulster – is recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters in 1178.

In Ulster McAnally, and its common variant spelling McNally, is unrelated to the Mayo name Mac an Fhailghigh ('son of the poor man'). It is however etymologically related to Mac Conallta, a County Sligo sept, and Ó Conallta ('son/descendant of Cú Allta'; a variant of Cú Allaidh).

McNally (surname)
McNally is an Irish surname.

In Ulster it originated in County Tyrone as the anglicized form of Mac Conallaidh 'son of Cú Allaidh', a Gaelic name of the Cenél nEógain meaning the 'wild hound', i.e. 'wolf'. Prevalent in Ulster counties Antrim, Armagh and Monaghan, Mac Con Allaidh is a branch of the “Northern Ó Néill” group of Ulster clans. They are separate from the Mayo name Mac an Fhailghigh (see below).

In Connacht the surname (typically spelt as Nally) originated in County Mayo as angliczed from Mac an Fhailghigh, 'son of the poor man' (modern Irish: Mac an Fhailí). Of Norman origin, the name was a Gaelicized form of Le Poer meaning "poor man" – this actually refers to a deliberate, religious vow of poverty, rather than ordinary pauperism.
John Parke Custis
John Parke Custis (November 27, 1754 – November 5, 1781) was an American planter and politician. Custis was a son of  Martha Dandridge Custis (later Washington) and Daniel Parke Custis, and later, the stepson of George Washington.

Daniel Parke Custis
Daniel Parke Custis (October 15, 1711 – July 8, 1757) was an American planter and politician who was the first husband of Martha Dandridge. After his death, his widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, married George Washington who later became the first president of the United States after it achieved independence.
Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra
Jorge de Lencastre (English: George; 21 August 1481 – 22 July 1550) was a Portuguese prince, illegitimate son of King John II of Portugal and Ana de Mendonça, a lady-in-waiting to Joanna la Beltraneja.  He was created the second Duke of Coimbra in 1509. He was also master of the Order of Santiago and administrator of the Order of Aviz from 1492 to 1550.

John II of Portugal
John II (Portuguese: João II; [ʒuˈɐ̃w]; 3 May 1455 – 25 October 1495), called the Perfect Prince (Portuguese: o Príncipe Perfeito), was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477. He is known for reestablishing the power of the Portuguese monarchy, reinvigorating the economy of Portugal, and renewing the Portuguese exploration of Africa and Asia.
Manga Time Kirara Forward
Manga Time Kirara Forward (まんがタイムきららフォワード, Manga Taimu Kirara Fowādo) is a Japanese seinen manga magazine published by Houbunsha. The magazine is sold on the 24th of each month. Forward was the fourth magazine in the Manga Time Kirara line to be published, the first three being Manga Time Kirara, Manga Time Kirara Carat, and Manga Time Kirara Max. It differs from its sister magazines in that it is the only one to not feature 4-Koma manga. The first issue was released on March 23rd 2006 as a special edition of Manga Time Kirara. The first independent issue was released on August 24, 2007.

Manga Time Kirara
Manga Time Kirara (まんがタイムきらら, Manga Taimu Kirara) is a Japanese magazine published by Houbunsha serializing mainly four-panel seinen manga. Issued on the 9th of each month, it was first published as a special edition of Houbunsha magazine Manga Time on May 17, 2002. The first independent issue was released on November 9, 2003. Characters from the magazine appear in crossover gacha game Kirara Fantasia.
Battle of Guam (1941)
The Battle of Guam was an engagement during the Pacific War in World War II that took place from 8 to 10 December 1941 on Guam in the Mariana Islands between Japan and the United States. The American garrison was defeated by Japanese forces on 10 December, which resulted in an occupation until the Second Battle of Guam in 1944.

Japanese occupation of Guam
The Japanese occupation of Guam was the period in the history of Guam between 1941 and 1944 when Imperial Japanese forces occupied Guam during World War II. The island was renamed Ōmiya-Jima ('Great Shrine Island').
Holy Trinity Church, Guildford
Christianity portal

Holy Trinity Church is an Anglican church in the centre of Guildford, England. A large, red brick building, it was built in the early 1760s on the site of a mediaeval church which collapsed in the mid-18th century. It is the only large Georgian church in Surrey, sporting detailed frescos of the Crucifixion surrounded by the Saints and the Ascended Lord in Heaven, as well as one of the largest unsupported ceilings in southern England. It is a Grade I listed building.

From 1927, when the diocese of Guildford was created, until 1961, when the current cathedral was consecrated, it served as pro-cathedral. Today it forms part of the town centre parish of Holy Trinity and Saint Mary's.

Guildford Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of the Holy Spirit, Guildford, commonly known as Guildford Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral in Guildford, Surrey, England. Earl Onslow donated the first 6 acres (2.4 ha) of land on which the cathedral stands, with Viscount Bennett, a former Prime Minister of Canada, purchasing the remaining land and donating it to the cathedral in 1947. Designed by Edward Maufe and built between 1936 and 1961, it is the seat of the Bishop of Guildford. The cathedral was listed as Grade II* by Historic England in 1981. It was the last Church of England cathedral to be consecrated on a new site, and one of only three to be built in the 20th century, the others being Liverpool and Coventry Cathedral.
Penobscot Building
The Greater Penobscot Building, commonly known as the Penobscot Building, is a 45-story office skyscraper in downtown Detroit, Michigan. Constructed between 1927 and 1928, the Art Deco building is located in the heart of the Detroit Financial District.

The Greater Penobscot Building stands 566 feet (173 m) tall, and was the tallest building in Detroit and in Michigan from its completion until 1977, when it was surpassed by the Renaissance Center. At the time of its completion, it was the eighth-tallest building in the world, the fourth-tallest in the United States, and the tallest in the United States outside of New York and Chicago.

It is part of the Penobscot Block, which also contains the original Penobscot Building and the Penobscot Building Annex.

Penobscot Building (1905)
The Penobscot Building is the original 13-story building of the Penobscot Block complex in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is the first Penobscot Building, and one of three buildings of the same name in the later-constructed complex. It is located at 131 West Fort Street, within the Detroit Financial District.
Vladimir Seleznev
Vladimir Ivanovich Seleznev (Russian: Влади́мир Ива́нович Селезне́в; 3 August 1928 – 15 March 1991) was a Soviet Russian realist painter, lived and worked in Leningrad, member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, regarded by art historian Sergei V. Ivanov as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his genre paintings and portraits.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
Theonomy
Theonomy (from Greek theos "God" and nomos "law") is a hypothetical Christian form of government in which divine law governs societies. Theonomists hold that societies should observe divine law, particularly the Old Testament’s judicial laws. The movement’s chief architects were Gary North, Greg Bahnsen, and R.J. Rushdoony.

Theonomy presumes biblical Israel’s Old Covenant judicial laws have not been abrogated, and therefore all civil governments must enforce them (including the specific penalties). Theonomy holds that all civil governments must refrain from coercion if Scripture has not prescribed their intervention (the "regulative principle of the state").

Theonomy is distinct from the "theonomous ethics" proposed by Paul Tillich.

Gary North (economist)
Gary Kilgore North (February 11, 1942 – February 24, 2022) was an American writer, Austrian School economic historian, and leading figure in the Christian reconstructionist movement. North authored or coauthored over fifty books on topics including Reformed Protestant theology, economics, and history. He was an Associated Scholar of the Mises Institute.

He is known for his advocacy of biblical or "radically libertarian" economics and also as a theorist of dominionism and theonomy. North often invoked the Protestant work ethic to advance these views. He supported the establishment and enforcement of Bible-based religious law, a view which put him in conflict with other libertarians. He believed that capital punishment is appropriate punishment for male homosexuality, adultery, blasphemy, abortion, and witchcraft.
GI Underground Press
The GI Underground Press was an underground press movement that emerged among the United States military during the Vietnam War. These were newspapers and newsletters produced without official military approval or acceptance; often furtively distributed under the eyes of "the brass". They were overwhelmingly antiwar and most were anti-military, which tended to infuriate the military command and often resulted in swift retaliation and punishment. Mainly written by rank-and-file active duty or recently discharged GIs, AWOLs and deserters, these publications were intended for their peers and spoke the language and aired the complaints of their audience. They became an integral and powerful element of the larger antiwar, radical and revolutionary movements during those years.: 54–8wa  This is a history largely ignored and even hidden in the retelling of the U.S. military's role in the Vietnam War.

Underground press
The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. 
In specific recent (post-World War II) Asian, American and Western European context, the term "underground press"  has most frequently been employed to refer to the independently published and distributed underground papers associated with the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s in India and Bangladesh in Asia, in the United States and Canada in North America, and the United Kingdom and other western nations. It can also refer to the newspapers produced independently in repressive regimes. In German occupied Europe, for example, a thriving underground press operated, usually in association with the Resistance. Other notable examples include the samizdat and bibuła, which operated in the Soviet Union and Poland respectively, during the Cold War.
Magnetized liner inertial fusion
A laser preheats the fuel.

An axial current is driven through the liner.

The current induces an azimuthal magnetic field.

The magnetic force implodes the liner, compressing and further heating the fuel.

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) is an ongoing Z-pinched-fusion power experiment being carried out on the Z Pulsed Power Facility (Z-machine) at Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico, United States. It is one example of the broader magneto-inertial fusion approach, which attempts to compress a pre-heated plasma. The goal is to produce fusion conditions without the level of compression needed in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) approach, where the required densities reach about 100 times that of lead.

The term MagLIF may also be used more broadly to refer to machines that use the same operating principle as the one at the Z machine. This includes the Primary Test Stand (PTS) in Mianyang, China.

Z Pulsed Power Facility
35°02′08″N 106°32′33″W﻿ / ﻿35.035451°N 106.542522°W﻿ / 35.035451; -106.542522

The Z Pulsed Power Facility, informally known as the Z machine or simply Z, is the largest high frequency electromagnetic wave generator in the world, operated by Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

It has primarily been used as an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research facility, including the magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) approach, and for testing materials in conditions of extreme temperature and pressure.
In particular, it gathers data to aid in computer modeling of nuclear weapons and eventual fusion pulsed power plants.
Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own)
The Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own) was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army formed in January 1800 as the "Experimental Corps of Riflemen" to provide sharpshooters, scouts, and skirmishers. They were soon renamed the "Rifle Corps". In January 1803, they became an established regular regiment and were titled the 95th Regiment of Foot (Rifles). In 1816, at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, they were again renamed, this time as the "Rifle Brigade".

The unit was distinguished by its use of green uniforms in place of the traditional red coat. It also differed in being armed with the Baker rifle in place of smooth-bore muskets. The Rifle Brigade performed distinguished service in both the First and Second World Wars. Post war, in 1958 the regiment formed part of the Green Jackets Brigade as 3rd Green Jackets and was amalgamated with the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) and the 2nd Green Jackets (King's Royal Rifle Corps) to form the Royal Green Jackets on 1 January 1966.

King's Royal Rifle Corps
The King's Royal Rifle Corps was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army that was originally raised in British North America as the Royal American Regiment during the phase of the Seven Years' War in North America known in the United States as 'The French and Indian War.' Subsequently numbered the 60th Regiment of Foot, the regiment served for more than 200 years throughout the British Empire. In 1958, the regiment joined the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and the Rifle Brigade in the Green Jackets Brigade and in 1966 the three regiments were formally amalgamated to become the Royal Green Jackets. The KRRC became the 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets. On the disbandment of the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in 1992, the RGJ's KRRC battalion was redesignated as the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets, eventually becoming 2nd Battalion, The Rifles in 2007.
Fort de Bron
The Fort de Bron is a fortification built between 1875 and 1877, located in the commune of Bron. It is part of the second belt of fortifications around Lyon, which also includes Fort de Vancia, Fort de Feyzin and Fort du Mont Verdun.

Fort de Feyzin
The Fort Feyzin is a fort built between 1875 and 1877 in Feyzin. It is one of the forts of the second belt of forts around Lyon and more generally the Séré de Rivières fort system. This belt of forts included the forts of Bron, Vancia, Feyzin  and  Mont Verdun.
It currently houses a riding stable managed by the UCPA on behalf of the city of Feyzin.
Turku Arabic
Turku Arabic or simply just Turku is an extinct variant of Bimbashi Arabic that served as a lingua franca in Chad. It is the ancestor to Bongor Arabic and potentially other Arabic pidgins spoken in Chad today, but since they have not been described, it is unclear whether they are direct descendants of Turku.

Bimbashi Arabic
Bimbashi Arabic ("soldier Arabic", or Mongallese) was a pidgin of Arabic which developed among military troops in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and was popular from 1870 to 1920. Bimbashi later branched and developed into three languages: Turku (and its modern descendant Bongor Arabic) in Chad, Ki-Nubi in Kenya and Uganda, and Juba Arabic in South Sudan.
Terrier Plan
The Terrier Plan was a demographic, political and cultural engineering project promoting Kurdish immigration from Turkey and settlement in northeastern Syria by the French Mandate authorities within their larger  "divide and rule" policy.

Kurdish immigration into Syria
Kurdish immigration into Syria refers to the successive and large-scale influx of Kurds into Syria since the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. While Kurdish presence in Syria predates the 20th century - most notably in Damascus, Kurd Dagh, and Afrin - the vast majority of Kurds in Syria today descend form migrants who fled Turkish persecution. Arriving in Syria during the French Mandate, most of these Kurds settled in the Jazirah where they continue living today, with smaller communities scattered in various places across the country. As of 2025, Kurds form about 10% of Syria's population, numbering around 2 million.