hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CIELUV
In colorimetry, the CIE 1976 L*, u*, v* color space, commonly known by its abbreviation CIELUV, is a color space adopted by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, as a simple-to-compute transformation of the 1931 CIE XYZ color space, which attempted perceptual uniformity.  It is extensively used for applications such as computer graphics which deal with colored lights. Although additive mixtures of different colored lights will fall on a line in CIELUV's uniform chromaticity diagram (called the CIE 1976 UCS), such additive mixtures will not, contrary to popular belief, fall along a line in the CIELUV color space unless the mixtures are constant in lightness.

Color difference
In color science, color difference or color distance is the separation between two colors. This metric allows quantified examination of a notion that formerly could only be described with adjectives. Quantification of these properties is of great importance to those whose work is color-critical. Common definitions make use of the Euclidean distance in a device-independent color space.
Edith's checkerspot
Edith's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha) is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is a resident species of western North America and among the subspecies, entomologists have long been intrigued by their many phenotypic variations in coloration, wing length, and overall body size. Most populations are monophagous and rely on plants including Plantago erecta and Orthocarpus densiflorus as their host species in developing from eggs through to larvae, pupae, and mature butterflies. Males exhibit polygyny whereas females rarely mate more than once. Males devote most of their attention to mate acquisition, and such mate locating strategies such as hilltopping behavior have developed. Climate change and habitat destruction have impacted certain subspecies. Three subspecies in particular, Euphydryas editha quino, Euphydryas editha bayensis and Euphydryas editha taylori, are currently under protection via the Endangered Species Act.

Quino checkerspot
The Quino checkerspot (Euphydryas editha quino) is a butterfly native to southern California and northwestern Baja California. It is a subspecies of the common Edith's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha) and the second such subspecies to be listed under the federal Endangered Species Act.
North American NA-40
The North American NA-40 was an American prototype bomber aircraft developed by North American Aviation in the late 1930s for evaluation by the United States Army Air Corps. Although unsuccessful, it led directly to the North American B-25 Mitchell medium bomber.

North American B-25 Mitchell
The North American B-25 Mitchell is an American medium bomber that was introduced in 1941 and named in honor of Brigadier General William "Billy" Mitchell, a pioneer of U.S. military aviation. Used by many Allied air forces, the B-25 served in every theater of World War II, and after the war ended, many remained in service, operating across four decades. Produced in numerous variants, nearly 10,000 B-25s were built. It was the most-produced American medium bomber and the third-most-produced American bomber overall. These included several limited models such as the F-10 reconnaissance aircraft, the AT-24 crew trainer, and the United States Marine Corps' PBJ-1 patrol bomber.
Great Bolas
Great Bolas (/boʊləs/), or Bolas Magna, is a village in the civil parish of Waters Upton, in the Telford and Wrekin borough of Shropshire, England,  It is situated north-west of Newport, and about eight miles north of Telford. It is situated at the confluence of the Tern and the small River Meese. There is a hamlet called Little Bolas a short distance to the west. Another hamlet called Meeson, south of the River Meese, was formerly a separate township of Great Bolas parish.

Waters Upton
Waters Upton is a small village and civil parish in the Telford and Wrekin district, in the county of Shropshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 951.

It was recorded in the Domesday Book as "Uptone", when it was stated to be tenanted by a "Seuuard", and to have been held by a man called "Gamel" before the Conquest. At the time of the survey it contained 3 ox-teams, 4 neat-herds, 4 villeins, 1 boor and 1 radman, and a mill of 12s. 1d. annual value. In a reversal of the usual order seen in the naming of places and landowning families, it became known as Waters Upton after an early landowner, Walter Fitzjohn.

The civil parish, which had a total population of 873 at the 2001 census, also includes the villages of Great Bolas and Crudgington.

The village is just off the A442 and has a church, one pub (the Lion) as well as a post office.
Panvel–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express
The 17613 / 17614 Panvel–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express is an Express train belonging to South Central Railway zone that runs between Panvel and Hazur Sahib Nanded via Latur, Osmanabad in India. It is currently being operated with 17613/17614 train numbers on Daily basis.

Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station
Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station (station code: NED) is a second grade non-suburban (NSG–2) category Indian railway station in Nanded railway division of South Central Railway zone. It serves the city of Nanded, located in Maharashtra. As of December 2023, the station recorded an originating passenger count of 8,190,489.

It is located on the Secunderabad–Manmad line of Indian Railways. The station is located at 36 m above sea level and has four platforms. As of 2018, 89 passenger trains halt each day at this station. In 2008, the station was named after Hazur Sahib, a takht of Sikhism which is situated here.
Nicholas Ridley (martyr)
Nicholas Ridley (c. 1500 – 16 October 1555) was an English Bishop of London (the only bishop called "Bishop of London and Westminster"). Ridley was one of the Oxford Martyrs burned at the stake during the Marian Persecutions, for his teachings and his support of Lady Jane Grey. He is remembered with a commemoration in the calendar of saints (with Hugh Latimer) in some parts of the Anglican Communion (Church of England) on 16 October.

Hugh Latimer
Hugh Latimer (c. 1487 – 16 October 1555) was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, and Bishop of Worcester during the Reformation, and later Church of England chaplain to King Edward VI. In 1555 under the Catholic Queen Mary I he was burned at the stake, becoming one of the three Oxford Martyrs of Anglicanism.
Colorado Pacific Railroad
The Colorado Pacific Railroad is a shortline railroad operating on 122 miles (196 km) of former Missouri Pacific Railroad trackage in southeast Colorado. It interchanges with Union Pacific and BNSF at North Avondale Junction near Boone and with the Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad at Towner, following state highway 96. It is sometimes referred to as the Towner Line or the Towner Railway.

Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad
The Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad (reporting mark KO) is a shortline railroad operating in the Midwestern United States.

It is entirely located in Kansas and, despite its name, owns no trackage in Oklahoma.
St. Johnsbury Historic District
The St. Johnsbury Historic District encompasses much of the historic civic and commercial center of St. Johnsbury, Vermont.  Representing a significant expansion of the Railroad Street Historic District and the St. Johnsbury Main Street Historic District, it captures the historical tension and competition between Main Street and Railroad Street for primacy as the town's most important civic and commercial areas.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Railroad Street Historic District
The Railroad Street Historic District encompasses a cluster of commercial and railroad-related buildings at the traditional late 19th-century heart of St. Johnsbury, Vermont.  It includes five commercial buildings and the town's 1883 union depot, and is reflective of the town's importance as a major railroad junction in northern New England.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.  It was subsumed by the larger St. Johnsbury Historic District in 1980.
Karenic languages
The Karen (/kəˈrɛn/ kə-REN) or Karenic languages are tonal languages spoken by some 4.5 million Karen people. They are of unclear affiliation within the Sino-Tibetan languages.  The Karen languages are written using the Karen script. The three main branches are Sgaw (commonly known as Karen), Pwo and Pa'O. Karenni (also known as Kayah or Red Karen) and Kayan (also known as Padaung) are a branch of Karen languages. They are unusual among the Sino-Tibetan languages in having a subject–verb–object word order; other than Karen, Bai and the Chinese languages, Sino-Tibetan languages have a subject–object–verb order. This is likely due to influence from neighboring Mon and Tai languages.

Padaung language
Kayan, also known as, Padaung or Padaung Karen) is a Karen language of Burma, spoken by the Kayan people. The Kayan dialects share more than 90% lexical similarity. Padaung is 71% to 76% lexically similar to Lahta.
Gordon Highway
Gordon Highway is a 22.8-mile-long (36.7 km) major highway in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia, traveling through the southern part of Columbia County and the northeastern part of Richmond County. It is named after John Brown Gordon, a Confederate general. At its western end, it is a relatively rural highway, but at its eastern end, it is an urban corridor of the Augusta metropolitan area. It connects Harlem and rural areas of southern Columbia County with Augusta and North Augusta, South Carolina. It also serves as the two main entry points to Fort Gordon. Its entire length, from the southeastern edge of Harlem to the Georgia–South Carolina state line on the northeastern edge of Augusta, is signed as part of US 78/US 278/SR 10. In Augusta, it is signed as parts of US 1 and US 25/SR 121.

Georgia State Route 10
State Route 10 (SR 10) is a 172.3-mile-long (277.3 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels from Downtown Atlanta to the South Carolina state line in Augusta. This highway, along with U.S. Route 78 (US 78), connect three of the biggest metro areas of the state together: Atlanta, Athens, and Augusta. It travels concurrently with US 78 in three sections: from Atlanta to Druid Hills; from near Stone Mountain to near Athens; and from Athens to its eastern terminus, for a total of 149.2 miles (240.1 km), or approximately 86.6 percent of its route.
Edward Jan Römer
Edward Jan Römer (Belarusian: Эдвард Ян Ромер; Lithuanian: Edvardas Jonas Riomeris; 14 May 1806 – 15 May 1878) was a Polish writer, translator, social activist and painter. He was the father of the artists Alfred Izydor Römer, from his first marriage, to Anna Monwid-Białozor (1805–1834), and Edward Mateusz Römer, from his second marriage, to Anna's sister, Zofia (1817–1893). His father was the politician Michał Józef Römer.

Michał Józef Römer
Michał Józef Römer (also spelled Romer or Roemer; 2 September 1778 – 14 January 1853) was a politician, writer, Freemason, and notable member of the Polish–Lithuanian gentry. He was the son of Stefan Dominik Römer and Anna Pac.
Special Operations Logistics Squadron
The Special Operations Logistic Squadron (SOLS) is an independent and specialised unit of the Australian Army based in Sydney which provides specialist logistical support to all units of the Special Operations Command in support of special operations. It has developed a "jack of all trades" capability across military logistics including rapid prototyping and metal fabrication.

Special Operations Command (Australia)
The Special Operations Command (SOCOMD) is an Australian Defence Force command that was established on 5 May 2003 to unite all of the Australian Army's special forces units and by 2008 was fully operational. Australia's Special Operations Command is of equivalent status to Australia's Fleet, Forces and Air Commands. It is modelled on the equivalent commands in the United States and British military forces, and is led by a major general as Special Operations Commander Australia (SOCAUST).

The origins of SOCOMD began in 1979 with the army creating a small Directorate Special Action Forces—Army. On 13 February 1990, Headquarters Special Forces was established, which was renamed in 1997 to Headquarters Special Operations and in 2003 to Special Operations Headquarters or SOCOMD.
2C-H
2C-H, also known as 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2,5-DMPEA) or as DMPEA-4, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is the parent compound of the 2C drugs, which are also known as 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines.

2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-x) is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds.

Most of the early 2C drugs were developed by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and were reviewed in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved). 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs.
American Freight
American Freight Appliances & Furniture, or American Freight, is an American retail furniture chain founded in Lima, Ohio in 1994. The company was acquired in 2020 by Franchise Group and combined with former Sears Outlet stores under the American Freight name.

Sears Outlet
Sears Outlet was an American outlet store chain for overstock merchandise belonging to the Sears department store chain. It sold new, reconditioned, overstock, scratch & dented, and discontinued products online and through brick and mortar stores in the United States and Puerto Rico. Each store, on average, is larger than 18,000 square feet in size. Sears Outlet’s product range included refrigerators, washers & dryers, ovens, air conditioners, home appliances, lawn and garden equipment, apparel, sporting goods, tools, household goods, and consumer electronics.

Sears Outlet was acquired from Sears Hometown and Outlet Stores by Franchise Group in 2019, and converted to American Freight in 2020.
The Bee (radio station)
The Bee was an Independent Local Radio station serving southern and eastern parts of Lancashire, England. On Friday 27 May 2016, The Bee merged with its sister Lancashire station 2BR.

The station was owned and operated by UKRD and broadcast from studios at Clayton-le-Moors in Accrington.

2BR
Two Boroughs Radio (known on air as 2BR) was an Independent Local Radio station serving East and Central Lancashire, England. It was owned and operated by Global and broadcast from studios at Clayton-le-Moors near Accrington.

2BR was merged with Capital Manchester and relaunched as part of the Capital radio network on 8 April 2019.
Prymorskyi Boulevard
Prymorskyi Boulevard (Ukrainian: Приморський бульвар, romanized: Prymorskyi bulvar, lit. 'Seaside Boulevard'), also known by its Russian-language name as Primorsky Boulevard (Russian: Приморский бульвар) is a street located in the Historic Centre of Odesa, Ukraine. Stretching from Odesa City Hall to Vorontsov Palace, Prymorskyi Boulevard is one of Odesa's primary cultural landmarks, and is home to both the Potemkin Stairs and the statue of the Duke of Richelieu.

Potemkin Stairs
The Potemkin Stairs, Potemkin Steps (Ukrainian: Потьомкінські сходи, romanized: Potiomkinski skhody; Russian: Потёмкинская лестница), or officially, the Prymorski Stairs (Ukrainian: Приморські сходи), are a giant stairway in Odesa, Ukraine. They are considered a formal entrance into the city from the direction of the sea and are the best known symbol of Odesa.

The stairs were originally known as the Boulevard steps, the Giant Staircase, or the Richelieu steps. The top step is 12.5 m (41 ft) wide, and the lowest step is 21.7 m (71 ft) wide. The staircase extends for 142 m (466 ft), but it gives the illusion of greater length.
Redemption (1930 film)
Redemption is a 1930 American pre-Code drama film directed by Fred Niblo, produced and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and starring John Gilbert. This production is Gilbert's first talking film, but it was not released until months after the premiere of His Glorious Night, his second "talkie". Redemption is based on the 1918 Broadway play of the same title by Arthur Hopkins, who in turn based his work on the play The Living Corpse by Leo Tolstoy and first staged in Moscow in 1911.

His Glorious Night
His Glorious Night is a 1929 pre-Code American romance film directed by Lionel Barrymore and starring John Gilbert in his first released talkie. The film is based on the 1928 play Olympia by Ferenc Molnár.

His Glorious Night has gained notoriety as the film that began the aging Gilbert's rapid career decline by revealing that he had a voice unsuitable for sound.
Emperor Wu of Chen
Emperor Wu of Chen (Chinese: 陳武帝; 503– 9 August 559), personal name Chen Baxian (陳霸先), courtesy name Xingguo (興國), childhood name Fasheng (法生), was the founding emperor of the Chen dynasty of China. He first distinguished himself as a Liang dynasty general during the campaign against the rebel general Hou Jing, and he was progressively promoted. In 555, he seized power after a coup against his superior, the general Wang Sengbian, and in 557 he forced Emperor Jing of Liang to abdicate the throne to him, thereby establishing the Chen dynasty. He died in 559, and as his only surviving son Chen Chang was held by the Northern Zhou dynasty, he was succeeded by his nephew Chen Qian (Emperor Wen).

Hou Jing
Hou Jing (Chinese: 侯景; pinyin: Hóu Jǐng; died c.26 May 552), courtesy name Wanjing (萬景), was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician. He was a general of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, and Liang, and briefly, after controlling the Liang imperial regime for several years, usurped the Liang throne, establishing a state of Han. He was soon defeated by the Liang prince Xiao Yi, the prince of Xiangdong, and was killed by his own associates while in flight. The entire period from 548–552 is known as the Hou Jing or Houjing Disturbance (侯景之亂). Hou Jing is one of the most reviled figures in imperial Chinese history, known for his extreme cruelty to enemies and civilians. He is also known to have called himself "Grand General of the Universe, Chief Controller of all Military Affairs in the Six Directions" (宇宙大將軍、都督六合諸軍事).
4Q107
4Q107 (4QCantb) is a fragment of the Song of Songs (2:9‑17; 3:1‑2, 5, 9‑11; 4:1‑3, 8‑11, 14‑16; 5:1) in Hebrew found in Cave 4 at Qumran in the Judean Desert in Israel and which comprises part of the Dead Sea Scrolls.  The script on the fragment has been identified as early-Herodian (c.30 BCE-30 CE). The scribe responsible for 4Q107 did not write 4Q108 as there are differences in writing style. Also, the lacuna in the second column of 4Q107 does not provide enough space to accommodate 4Q108. The fragments which make up the Song of Songs found at Qumran are numbered 4Q106, 4Q107, 4Q108, and 6Q6. The scroll 4Q240 is possibly a commentary on the Song of Songs.

Emmanuel Tov once argued that 4Q107 is a liturgical text, later changed his assessment to a text for private use, and then abstained from any identification of the use of the text, a position that other scholars have also reached.

6Q6
6Q6 is a small portion of a scroll from Cave 6 at Qumran, containing Song of Songs 1:1-7 in Hebrew. Together with three scroll portions found in Cave 4, they comprise the total witness to the Song from the Dead Sea Scrolls. It is dated to about 50 CE.
Edith Craig
Edith Ailsa Geraldine Craig (9 December 1869 – 27 March 1947), was a prolific theatre director, producer, costume designer and early pioneer of the women's suffrage movement in England. She was the daughter of the actress Ellen Terry and the progressive English architect-designer Edward William Godwin, and the sister of theatre practitioner Edward Gordon Craig.

As a lesbian, an active campaigner for women's suffrage, and a woman working as a theatre director and producer, Edith Craig has been recovered by feminist scholars as well as theatre historians. Craig lived in a ménage à trois with the dramatist Christabel Marshall and the artist Clare "Tony" Atwood from 1916 until her death.

Edward Gordon Craig
Edward Henry Gordon Craig CH OBE (born Edward Godwin; 16 January 1872 – 29 July 1966), was an English modernist theatre practitioner; Part of the Terry family and son of the actress Ellen Terry, he worked as an actor in his youth before becoming a director and scenic designer, and he developed an influential body of theoretical writings.

The Gordon Craig Theatre, built in Stevenage, England (the town of his birth), was named in his honour in 1975.
Canggadai
Canggadai (Chinese: 常阿岱; 21 November 1643 - 29 May 1665), formally the Prince Huaimin of the Third Rank (懷愍貝勒), was an imperial prince of the Qing dynasty of China. He was the son of Mandahai and his primary consort, Lady Khorchin Borijit.

Mandahai
Mandahai (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᡩᠠᡥᠠᡳ, Chinese: 滿達海; 30 April 1622 – 15 March 1652), was an imperial prince of the Qing dynasty and one of Nurhaci's grandson. He was the seventh son of Daišan and in 1649 he inherited his father's princedom. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Xunjian of the First Rank (巽簡親王).
Jump Raven
Jump Raven was the second game released by Cyberflix, in 1994. The game's technology is similar to that of Lunicus, released by Cyberflix one year prior, but this time employs a more detailed storyline and environment. In an opening sequence of the game, we see future New York City, which has fallen into horrible disrepair in the aftermath of global warming and rising sea levels and a bankrupt federal government. The premise of the story is that gangsters, neo-nazis, and various other thugs have acquired large stores of weapons from the government, and have ransacked New York's store of cryogenically-frozen DNA of endangered species. The player's job as a bounty hunter is to retrieve them.

Lunicus
Lunicus is a 1993 video game developed by Cyberflix and published by Paramount Interactive. It shares many traits in both graphical style and gameplay with some of Cyberflix's other games, like Jump Raven. It was rated as 1993 CD-ROM game of the year in the magazine MacWorld.

It was released for the Mac and Windows 3.1, and was one of many adventure games released to capitalize on the adoption of CD-ROM drives.
George Gregan
George Musarurwa Gregan AM (born 19 April 1973) is a former rugby union player who played as scrum-half. Born in Lusaka, Zambia, Gregan represented Australia at an international level, and is Australia's second most capped player.

He played in the Super 12 for the Brumbies from the inception of that competition in 1996 through 2007, helping to lead them to overall victories in 2001 and 2004. He is a foundation Brumbies player and his career spanned both the amateur and professional eras.  As a member of the Wallabies team, Gregan won the Rugby World Cup in 1999. His time as Australian captain included a Bledisloe Cup win in 2002 and an extra-time loss to England in the 2003 Rugby World Cup final. Gregan and his longtime Wallabies teammate, fly-half Stephen Larkham, also hold the all-time record for Test appearances by a halfback partnership with 79.

Stephen Larkham
Stephen Larkham (born 29 May 1974) is a retired Australian rugby union professional player, currently in the role of head coach for Brumbies. He spent his career with the Brumbies in Super Rugby, for whom he played from the inception of the professional Super 12 in 1996 through 2007. He is best known for his long tenure with the Wallabies at international level, for whom he played 102 times. After initial selection at fullback from 1996 to 1997, Larkham was the first-choice Australian fly-half from 1997 to 2007, playing in the 1999, 2003, and 2007 Rugby World Cups.