hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nick Kremm
Nikolaos Kremmydas (born February 25, 2006), known professionally as Nick Kremm, is a Greek filmmaker, actor, musician and entrepreneur known for creating and being the CEO of the Seville International Short Film Festival.

Seville International Short Film Festival
The Seville International Short Film Festival (Spanish: Festival Internacional de Cortos de Sevilla) (previously known as the Akida International Film Festival) is held annually in Seville, Spain, since September 2023.

By the 2nd edition the festival had gained significant credibility and a reputation to grow as one of the most notorious film events in Seville, attracting over 3,000 submissions from 114 countries worldwide.

The festival was organized on its first edition by the Akida Corporation and since 2024 by International Creative Media Collective with La Cantera Crew as a collaborative organizer and collaborative sponsor as well. It counts with the support of numerous Spanish institutions, including Union Cine Ciudad, COCEMFE Sevilla, the Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Sevilla City Office, Fundación Tres Culturas, and others.
2016 European Universities Games
The 2016 European University Games, also known as 2016 European Universiade, was the third biannual European Universities Games (EUG), the largest European multisport event, with 4800 participants from 403 universities in 41 countries. The event took place in the Croatian cities of Zagreb and Rijeka between 13 and 25 July 2016, and was organised by European University Sports Association (EUSA) and Croatian Academic Sport Federation (CASF) with the cooperation of University of Zagreb, University of Rijeka, City of Rijeka, City of Zagreb and Ministry of Science, Education and Sport.

1987 Summer Universiade
The 1987 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIV Summer Universiade, took place in Zagreb, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. It involved participants from 111 countries and over 6,000 individual sportspersons and members from delegations.
Kentucky Route 70
Kentucky Route 70 (KY 70) is a long east–west state highway that originates at a junction with U.S. Route 60 (US 60) in Smithland in Livingston County, just east of the Ohio River. The route continues through the counties of Crittenden, Caldwell, Hopkins, Muhlenberg, Butler, Edmonson, Barren, Barren, Metcalfe, Green, Taylor, Casey, Pulaski, Lincoln and back into Pulaski again to terminate at a junction with US 150 near Maretburg in Rockcastle.

Barren County, Kentucky
Barren County is a county located in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,485. Its county seat is Glasgow. The county was founded on December 20, 1798, from parts of Warren and Green Counties. It was named for the Barrens, meadowlands that cover the northern third, though actually the soil is fertile. Barren County is part of the Glasgow, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bowling Green-Glasgow, KY Combined Statistical Area. In 2007 Barren County was named the "Best Place to Live in Rural America" by Progressive Farmer Magazine.
Optic Nerve (comics)
Optic Nerve is a comic book series by cartoonist Adrian Tomine. Originally self-published by Tomine in 1991 as a series of mini-comics (which have later been collected in a single volume, 32 Stories), the series has been published by Drawn & Quarterly since 1995.

Tomine's style and subject matter are restrained and realistic. Many are set in Northern California. Many of his stories for Optic Nerve feature Asian American characters, including "Hawaiian Getaway", "Six-Day Cold", "Layover", and "Shortcomings". Adrian Tomine is Asian American and lives in Brooklyn, New York. Many topics of his stories are at least partly autobiographical.

In the initial self-published issues, as well as the first eight Drawn & Quarterly issues (1995–2001), Optic Nerve was typically a collection of short stories. After an extended hiatus, Tomine resumed the comic in late 2004 and began his first multi-issue storyline, "Shortcomings," with #9.

Shortcomings (comics)
Shortcomings is a graphic novel by cartoonist Adrian Tomine. Shortcomings was originally serialized in issues #9 through #11 of Tomine's comic book series Optic Nerve before being released as a whole in 2007. It was also excerpted in Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern #13.
FFAT motif
A FFAT motif (FFAT being an acronym for two phenylalanines (FF) in an acidic tract) is a protein sequence motif of six defined amino acids plus neighbouring residues that binds to proteins in the VAP protein family.

VAP protein family
VAP proteins are conserved integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum found in all eukaryotic cells. VAP stands for VAMP-associated protein, where VAMP stands for vesicle-associated membrane protein. Humans have two VAPs that consist of the essential Major Sperm Protein domain and linker plus transmembrane helix to attach to the ER: VAPA and VAPB. A third VAP-like protein is Motile sperm domain containing 2 (MOSPD2), which has all the elements of VAP, and like them binds FFAT motifs, but has at its N-terminus a CRAL-TRIO domain that can bind and transfer lipids.

VAP includes the whole family of protein homologues in all species. For example, baker's yeast expresses two VAPs: Scs2 and Scs22.
Cherry Vann
Cherry Elizabeth Vann  (born 29 October 1958) is a British Anglican bishop serving in the Church in Wales as Archbishop of Wales since 2025 and Bishop of Monmouth since 2020. She is the first woman to be elected as an Anglican archbishop in the United Kingdom and the first openly gay and partnered bishop to serve as a primate in the Anglican Communion. Before joining the Church in Wales, she had spent her entire ordained ministry in the Church of England's Diocese of Manchester and was Archdeacon of Rochdale in the diocese from 2008 to 2020.

Archdeacon of Rochdale
The Archdeacon of Rochdale is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Manchester.

As Archdeacon, they are responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the five area deaneries: Ashton-under-Lyne, Heywood and Middleton, Rochdale, Oldham East and Oldham West.

Created on 3 June 1910 from the Manchester archdeaconry, the post is currently vacant.
Water pollution in the Canterbury Region
Water pollution in Canterbury, New Zealand has become a major environmental issue, largely due to pollution from agricultural sources. Most of the region's drinking water is sourced from groundwater via aquifers. Groundwater pollution has increased in the region following the expansion of irrigation and dairy farming since the 1990's. Research has shown that Canterbury has the largest percentage of high groundwater nitrates in the country. Nitrate exposure has been found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The Canterbury Regional Council (Environment Canterbury) declared a 'nitrate emergency' in 2025.

The use of water for irrigation, and the discharge of nutrients, requires a resource consent. Water resources are managed by Environment Canterbury through the Canterbury Strategic Water Strategy, under the Resource Management Act.

Environment Canterbury
Environment Canterbury, frequently abbreviated to ECan, is the promotional name for the Canterbury Regional Council. It is the regional council for Canterbury, the largest region in the South Island of New Zealand. It is part of New Zealand's structure of local government.
Mace Security International
Mace Security International, Inc. a US-based company that specializes in producing personal safety and security products. Their product line includes popular items such as Mace pepper spray, stun guns, personal alarms, and law enforcement and private security equipment.

Mace (spray)
Mace is the brand name of an early type of aerosol self-defense spray invented by Alan Lee Litman in the 1960s. The first commercial product of its type, Litman's design packaged phenacyl chloride (CN) tear gas dissolved in hydrocarbon solvents into a small aerosol spray can, usable in many environments and strong enough to act as a deterrent and incapacitant when sprayed in the face.

A generic trademark, its popularity led to the name "mace" being commonly used for other defense sprays regardless of their composition, and for the term "maced" to be used to reference being pepper sprayed. It is unrelated to the spice mace.
Pero Cameron
Sean Pero MacPherson Cameron MNZM (born 5 June 1974) is a New Zealand basketball coach and former player. A FIBA Hall of Fame member, he captained the New Zealand Tall Blacks from 2000 to 2010, helping lead New Zealand to the semifinal of the 2002 FIBA World Championship, earning an All-Tournament Team selection in the process.

New Zealand men's national basketball team
The New Zealand men's national basketball team (Māori: Te kapa poitūkohu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in international basketball competitions. The team is governed by Basketball New Zealand. The team's official nickname is the Tall Blacks (Māori: Pango Tāroaroa).

Over their history, New Zealand have won three FIBA Oceania Championships, made seven appearances at the FIBA World Cup and two at the Olympic Games. Since 2017, the team has made three appearances at the FIBA Asia Cup, with their best effort resulting in a bronze medal finish in 2022.
Saki Nakajima (voice actress)
Saki Nakajima (中島 沙樹, Nakajima Saki; born September 1, 1978) is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society. Her major roles include Ichigo Momomiya, the main character of magical girl series Tokyo Mew Mew, Chizuru Honshou in Bleach and Mimi Tasogare in Duel Masters.

Duel Masters
Duel Masters (デュエル・マスターズ, Dyueru Masutāzu) is a multimedia franchise consisting of multiple manga and anime series, a trading card game, and several video games. It began as a manga adaptation of Magic: The Gathering before branching off in 2002.
Frankie Yale
Francesco Ioele (Italian: [franˈtʃesko joˈɛːle]; January 22, 1893 – July 1, 1928), known as Frankie Yale or Frankie Uale, was an American gangster based in Brooklyn and the second employer of Al Capone.

Anthony Carfano
Anthony Carfano (November 1895 – September 25, 1959), also known as "Little Augie Pisano", was a New York gangster who became a caporegime, or captain, in the Luciano crime family under mob bosses Charles "Lucky" Luciano and Frank Costello.
Ann Druyan
Ann Druyan (/driːˈæn/ dree-ANN; born June 13, 1949) is an American documentary producer and director specializing in the communication of science.  She co-wrote the 1980 PBS documentary series Cosmos, hosted by Carl Sagan, whom she married in 1981. She is the creator, producer, and writer of the 2014 sequel, Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey and its sequel series, Cosmos: Possible Worlds, as well as the book of the same name. She directed episodes of both series.

In the late 1970s, she became the creative director of NASA's Voyager Interstellar Message Project, which produced the golden discs affixed to both the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft. She also published a novel, A Famous Broken Heart, in 1977, and later co-wrote several best selling non-fiction books with Sagan.

Voyager Golden Record
The Voyager Golden Records are two identical phonograph records, with one copy aboard each of the two Voyager spacecraft launched in 1977. The records contain sounds and data to reconstruct raster scan images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, and are intended for any intelligent extraterrestrial life form who may find them. The records are a time capsule.

Although neither Voyager spacecraft is heading toward any particular star, Voyager 1 will pass within 1.6 light-years' distance of the star Gliese 445, currently in the constellation Camelopardalis, in about 40,000 years.

Carl Sagan noted that "The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced space-faring civilizations in interstellar space, but the launching of this 'bottle' into the cosmic 'ocean' says something very hopeful about life on this planet."
10-10-321
10-10-321, 10-10-345, 10-10-220, and 10-10-987 are United States long-distance phone services best known for their prolific television and direct mail advertising in the late 1990s. 10-10-321 was the first mass-marketed service of its type. 10-10-345 was owned by AT&T, and the rest were all owned by MCI, which is now part of Verizon. All services of its kind are known as interexchange carriers, which essentially allow consumers to bypass, or "dial-around" their primary long-distance carrier and use a different one.

Interexchange carrier
An interexchange carrier (IXC), in U.S. legal and regulatory terminology, is a type of telecommunications company, commonly called a long-distance telephone company. It is defined as any carrier that provides services across multiple local access and transport areas (interLATA). Calls made on telephone circuits within the local geographic area covered by one local network are handled only by that intraLATA carrier, commonly called a local telephone exchange carrier. Local calls are usually defined by connections made without additional charge whether the connected call is in the same LATA or connects to another LATA with no charge. IntraLATA usually refers to rated or toll calls between LATA within state boundaries, as opposed to interstate, or calls between LATAs in different states.
Pococke Kition inscriptions
The Pococke Kition inscriptions were a group of 31 Phoenician and 2 non-Phoenician inscriptions found in Cyprus and published by Richard Pococke in 1745. In describing Kition (modern Larnaca), Pococke wrote: "the walls seem to have been very strong, and in the foundations there have been found many stones, with inscriptions on them, in an unintelligible character, which I suppose, is the antient [sic] Phoenician..."

The Phoenician inscriptions are known as KAI 33 (CIS I 11), KAI 35 (CIS I 46) and CIS I 57-85. They represent some of the most important finds in Phoenician and Semitic language studies, as they were used by Jean-Jacques Barthélemy in his decipherment of the Phoenician language.

Only one of the inscriptions still survives, in the Ashmolean Museum - all the rest were destroyed in construction work in 1749.

Jean-Jacques Barthélemy
Jean-Jacques Barthélemy (20 January 1716 – 30 April 1795) was a French Catholic clergyman, archaeologist, numismatologist and scholar who became the first person to decipher an extinct language. He deciphered the Palmyrene alphabet in 1754 and the Phoenician alphabet in 1758.
Fiat 1200
Fiat 1200 was the name of three distinct models produced by Italian car manufacturer Fiat, all based on Fiat 1100 mechanicals. The first two were introduced in 1957, and replaced the TV (Turismo Veloce) variants at the top of the Fiat 1100 range: the 1200 Granluce, an upmarket small four-door saloon derived from the 1100, and the 1200 Spyder, an update of the previous 1100 TV Trasformabile 2-door roadster.
The 1200 Granluce was discontinued in 1961 when larger Fiat saloons were introduced, while the 1200 Trasformabile/Spyder was replaced in 1959 by the 1200 Cabriolet. This was a new Pininfarina design, later developed into the 1200 and 1500 Cabriolets.

Fiat 1100
The Fiat 1100 is a small family car produced from 1953 until 1969 by the Italian manufacturer Fiat. It was an all-new unibody replacement for the Fiat 1100 E, which descended from the pre-war, body-on-frame Fiat 508 C Balilla 1100. The 1100 was changed steadily and gradually until being replaced by the new Fiat 128 in 1969. There were also a series of light commercial versions of the 1100 built, with later models called the Fiat 1100T, which remained in production until 1971. The Fiat 1100 D also found a long life in India, where Premier Automobiles continued to build the car until the end of 2000.
Frazer Road
Frazer Road (officially Mazharul Haque Path) is a mixed residential-cum-commercial neighbourhood in Patna. This is the road most frequently heard after coming out from the Patna Junction as it connects Patna Junction to Gandhi Maidan Marg - the two major hubs of the city. It emerges from the South West Corner of Gandhi Maidan. It merges with Gandhi Maidan Marg, which takes a full circle of the Gandhi Maidan. Fraser Road passes through Dakbangla Chauraha, which is an important crossing in the city. The area around Frazer Road, including New Dak Bangla Road, Exhibition Road, and S P Verma Road has big brands names in marketing and covers all type of shops. Frazer Road is a location for hotels, restaurants, bars, and high-street stores in the capital of the Indian state of Bihar. The area is served by Kotwali PS under Patna Police.

Gandhi Maidan Marg
Gandhi Maidan or Gandhi Maidan Marg (Bankipore Maidan) is one of the most important thoroughfares in Patna, India. It is a historical place and is considered as a landmark of the city. Gandhi Maidan is the main market and commercial area of Patna with Ashok Rajpath which starts from Gandhi Maidan and Dak Bungalow Crossing and Bailey Road besides Frazer Road, Exhibition Road, Boring Road, and Boring Canal Road. There are many important institutes that have developed around the area of Gandhi Maidan.
Ambiguous grammar
In computer science, an ambiguous grammar is a context-free grammar for which there exists a string that can have more than one leftmost derivation or parse tree. Every non-empty context-free language admits an ambiguous grammar by introducing e.g. a duplicate rule. A language that only admits ambiguous grammars is called an inherently ambiguous language. Deterministic context-free grammars are always unambiguous, and are an important subclass of unambiguous grammars; there are non-deterministic unambiguous grammars, however.

For computer programming languages, the reference grammar is often ambiguous, due to issues such as the dangling else problem. If present, these ambiguities are generally resolved by adding precedence rules or other context-sensitive parsing rules, so the overall phrase grammar is unambiguous. Some parsing algorithms (such as Earley or GLR parsers) can generate sets of parse trees (or "parse forests") from strings that are syntactically ambiguous.

Dangling else
The dangling else is a problem in programming of parser generators in which an optional else clause in an if–then(–else) statement can make nested conditional statements ambiguous. Formally, the reference context-free grammar of the language is ambiguous, meaning there is more than one correct parse tree.
Munnudi
Munnudi  (Kannada: ಮುನ್ನುಡಿ, The Preface) is a 2000 Indian Kannada language film directed by P. Sheshadri, based on Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi's short story Muthucchera, and starring Tara, H. G. Dattatreya, Shashikumar and Chaya Singh in pivotal roles.

The film is about the misuse of Shariat by opportunistic men and the manipulation of the testaments on "Nikah" and "Talaaq".

H. G. Dattatreya
Harihar Gundurao Dattatreya  (born 20 April 1942), popularly known as Dattanna, is an Indian actor who has appeared in more than 204 films and several plays. Alongside his career as an actor, he served in the Indian Air Force as an  Aeronautical Engineer for over 20 years and also occupied academic positions with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). He is best known for his work in Kannada cinema, in which he appears in mostly supporting roles. In a film career of almost three decades, he has won two National Film Award – Special Jury Awards, one National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor and two Karnataka State Film Awards. He is known for his performances in Munnudi (2000), Bettada Jeeva (2011) and Bharath Stores (2012). In 2022, he was awarded the Rajyotsava Prashasti by the Government of Karnataka.
Mothers' pensions
Mothers' pensions, also referred to as mothers' aid or widows' aid, were cash payments distributed to impoverished single mothers in the United States during the first three decades of the 20th century. Introduced during the Progressive Era, they were among the earliest components of the modern American welfare state and were the first public cash assistance programs targeted to single mothers.

Mother's pensions were aimed at family preservation, intending to provide the means for poor single mothers to care for their children in their own homes. While primarily targeted at widows, they were also sometimes authorized for women whose husbands had deserted them, were confined to mental hospitals or prisons, or were physically or mentally incapacitated. They were financed and administered by state and local governments, and served as a precursor to the federal Aid to Dependent Children program created by the Social Security Act of 1935.

Aid to Families with Dependent Children
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was a federal assistance program in the United States in effect from 1935 to 1997, created by the Social Security Act (SSA) and administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provided financial assistance to children whose families had low or no income.

The program grew from a minor part of the social security system to a significant system of welfare administered by the states with federal funding. However, it was criticized for offering incentives for women to have children, and for providing disincentives for women to join the workforce. In July 1997, AFDC was replaced by the more restrictive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.
Georges Dumézil
Georges Edmond Raoul Dumézil (French: [dymezil]; 4 March 1898 – 11 October 1986) was a French philologist, linguist, and religious studies scholar who specialized in comparative linguistics and mythology. He was a professor at Istanbul University, École pratique des hautes études and the Collège de France, and a member of the Académie Française. Dumézil is well known for his formulation of the trifunctional hypothesis on Proto-Indo-European mythology and society. His research has had a major influence on the fields of comparative mythology and Indo-European studies. In the 1930s he was a supporter (though not a formal member) of the far-right group Action Française, leading to criticism from left-wing scholars in the 1980s and afterwards.

Indo-European studies
Indo-European studies (German: Indogermanistik) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the Indo-European languages and related cultural history through historical linguistics, comparative philology, archaeology, and genetics.

The discipline coalesced in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe as comparative linguists including Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Franz Bopp, and August Schleicher refined methods for reconstructing a shared ancestry among the languages. Research centers on rebuilding the Proto-Indo-European language, homeland, and society by combining comparative analysis with archaeological, mythological, and genetic evidence to test models such as the Kurgan hypothesis. Dedicated programs, research centers, journals, and book series sustain Indo-European studies across Europe and North America.