hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture
"A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture" (Chinese: 為中國文化敬告世界人士宣言; pinyin: Wéi Zhōngguó Wénhuà Jìnggào Shìjiè Rénshì Xuānyán; also translated as "Declaration on Behalf of Chinese Culture Respectfully Announced to the People of the World") is an essay originally published in China and Taiwan in 1958. The essay's collective authors included Carsun Chang (Zhang Junmai), Tang Chun-I (Tang Junyi), Mou Tsung-san (Mou Zongsan), and Hsu Fo-kuan (Xu Fuguan), all "New Confucianism" scholars and notable students of Xiong Shili.

New Confucianism
New Confucianism (Chinese: 新儒家; pinyin: Xīn Rújiā; lit. 'New Confucianism') is an intellectual movement of Confucianism that began in the early 20th century in Republican China, and further developed in post-Mao era contemporary China. It primarily developed during the May Fourth Movement. It is deeply influenced by, but not identical to, the neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties.

It is a neo-conservative movement of various Chinese traditions and has been regarded as containing religious overtones; it advocates for certain Confucianist elements of society – such as social, ecological, and political harmony – to be applied in a contemporary context in synthesis with Western philosophies such as rationalism and humanism. Its philosophies have emerged as a focal point of discussion between Confucian scholars in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States.
Harm Ottenbros
Harm Ottenbros (27 June 1943 – 4 May 2022) was a Dutch road bicycle racer who raced as a professional from 1967 to 1976. His sporting career began with DTS Zaandam. Ottenbros is best remembered for capturing the gold medal and rainbow jersey at the 1969 world cycling championship road race in Zolder, Belgium. The relatively unknown Ottenbros edged Julien Stevens of Belgium by a few centimetres to take the victory.

Julien Stevens
Julien Stevens (born 25 February 1943) is a retired Belgian cyclist who raced from 1963 to 1977. Stevens spent most part of his career employed to help other riders, such as Rik Van Steenbergen, Rik Van Looy and Eddy Merckx. In 1969, at the road world championship in Zolder he got clear with Dutchman Harm Ottenbros but lost the sprint.

Stevens was also active in track cycling, where he was Belgian national champion in many competitions.
Ryann Redmond
Ryann Kirby Redmond is an American actress and singer known for originating the role of Bridget in Bring It On: The Musical. She performed on Broadway in the musical If/Then, which closed on March 22, 2015, and became the first female actor to portray Olaf in Frozen on Broadway in 2019.

Bring It On: The Musical
Bring It On: The Musical is a musical with music by Tom Kitt and Lin-Manuel Miranda, lyrics by Amanda Green and Miranda, and book by Jeff Whitty. The musical, loosely based on the 2000 film of the same name written by Jessica Bendinger, focuses on the competitive world of cheerleading and over-the-top team rivalries.

The musical premiered at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia in January 2011. The cast included Amanda Lea LaVergne as Campbell, Adrienne Warren as Danielle, Nick Blaemire as Randall, Ryann Redmond as Bridget, and "award-winning competitive cheerleaders from across the country". A national tour of the musical played in major U.S. cities from November 2011 to June 2012.

The touring stage production began previews on Broadway in July 2012 at the St. James Theatre, before opening for a limited engagement on August 1, 2012, to December 30, 2012.
All Out (album)
All Out is a 1973 album by Grin.

Where the first two Grin albums had featured the band as trio augmented by overdubs, singalong choirs or even orchestras, the recent addition of Nils' brother Tom as second guitarist made the band a solid quartet. The only additional performer is blues-shouter Kathi McDonald, who contributes backing vocals on several songs [most notably "Heart on Fire" and "She Ain't Right"].

Nils' liner notes in The Very Best of Grin attribute the "classy" solo in "Sad Letter" to Tom. "She Ain't Right" is also notable as the only Grin tune not attributed to Nils alone, but co-written with bassist Bob Gordon.

All Out was re-released on CD in 2009 with the single version of "Love Or Else" added as bonus track.

Nils Lofgren
Nils Hilmer Lofgren (born June 21, 1951) is an American rock musician, recording artist, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. Along with his work as a solo artist, he has been a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band since 1984, a member of Crazy Horse, and the founder and frontman of the band Grin. In 2014, Lofgren was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.
Holland, Virginia
Holland, Virginia was an incorporated town in the southwestern section of Nansemond County, Virginia. Since 1974, it has been a community in the independent city of Suffolk, Virginia following a political consolidation which formed Virginia's largest city in geographic area.

Suffolk, Virginia
Suffolk (locally /ˈsʌfʊk/ SUF-uuk) is an independent city in Virginia, United States. As of 2020, the population was 94,324. It is the 10th-most populous city in Virginia, the largest city in Virginia by boundary land area as well as the 14th-largest in the country.
Suffolk is located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. This also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach, and smaller cities, counties, and towns of Hampton Roads. With miles of waterfront property on the Nansemond and James rivers, present-day Suffolk was formed in 1974 after consolidating with Nansemond County and the towns of Holland and Whaleyville.
Palace of King Harishchandra
The Palace of King Harishchandra is an archaeological site located in Savar Upazila of Dhaka District, Bangladesh . It is also known as "Raja Harishchandra's mound", "his house", or "his residence", etc.

Harishchandra Pal (Savar Pala Dynasty)
Raja Harish Pala or  Harishchandra Pala was a historical monarch, who ruled the ancient city of Sarveshwar or modern-day Savar in the Dhaka District of Bangladesh, during between the 10th to 11th centuries CE. This period coincided with the post-Gupta era, a time marked by regional dynasties and the flourishing of Buddhist culture in Bengal.
Edinburgh Airport Rail Link
55°56′53″N 3°21′11″W﻿ / ﻿55.948°N 3.353°W﻿ / 55.948; -3.353
The Edinburgh Airport Rail Link (EARL) was a proposed rail link to Edinburgh Airport, Scotland. The project was passed by the Scottish Parliament in 2007, but following a change of government, was cancelled in September 2007 on the grounds of cost.

The link was planned to open in 2011 and would have included an underground airport station located beneath the terminal building. A tunnel was to have been constructed to take trains underneath the main runway. The Edinburgh Airport Rail Link would have allowed direct rail travel to and from the airport from Scotland's main towns and cities. New rolling stock was to be ordered for the service to compensate for any extra journey time created by the additional stop.

Edinburgh Airport
Edinburgh Airport (IATA: EDI, ICAO: EGPH) is an international airport located in the Ingliston area of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located five nautical miles (nine kilometres) west of the city centre, just off the M8 and M9 motorways. It is owned and operated by Edinburgh Airport Limited.

The airport is the busiest in Scotland based on passenger numbers, with 15.8 million passengers flying from the airport in 2024, a 10% increase on passenger numbers from 2023. A total of 35 airlines use the airport to fly to over 152 international destinations. As well as being the busiest airport in Scotland, it is the sixth busiest airport in the United Kingdom.
M-Train
M>Train (pronounced as "M train") was a train operator in Melbourne, Australia, which operated roughly half of the city's suburban rail operations. Formed in July 1998 as Bayside Trains, a business unit of the Public Transport Corporation, it was privatised in August 1999 and became a subsidiary of National Express as one of the two operators of the suburban rail network, the other being Connex Melbourne.

In December 2002, National Express handed the franchise in, with the Victorian state government taking over until negotiations were concluded for Connex Melbourne to take over in April 2004.

Mobico Group
Mobico Group, formerly National Express Group, is a British multinational public transport company with headquarters in Birmingham, England. Domestically it currently operates bus and coach services under brands including National Express. The company also operates transport services including trains abroad: in Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Malta, Germany, Bahrain, Morocco, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and South Korea, and long-distance coach services across Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Eske Willerslev
Eske Willerslev (born 5 June 1971) is a Danish evolutionary geneticist notable for his pioneering work in molecular anthropology, palaeontology and ecology. He currently holds the Prince Philip Professorship in Ecology and Evolution at University of Cambridge, UK and the Lundbeck Foundation Professorship in Evolution at Copenhagen University, Denmark. He is director of the Centre of Excellence in GeoGenetics, a research associate at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and a professorial fellow at St John's College, Cambridge. Willerslev is a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences (US) and holds the Order of the Dannebrog issued by her Majesty Queen Margrethe II of Denmark in 2017.

Centre for Geogenetics
The Centre for Geogenetics is a Danish Basic Research Centre of Excellence (Grundforskningscenter) which officially opened in September 2010. It is located at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen and financed by the Danish National Research Foundation.
Ledøje-Smørum
Until 1 January 2007 Ledøje-Smørum was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Copenhagen County on Zealand (Sjælland) island in eastern Denmark, then merged into Egedal. The municipality covered an area of 31 km2 (12 sq mi) and had a total population of 10,525 (2005), northwest of nearby Copenhagen.

Egedal Municipality
Egedal Municipality (Danish: Egedal Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Hovedstaden in Denmark. It covers an area of 125.79 km2 (48.57 sq mi) with a total population of 45,563 (1. January 2025).
Olivia Winters
Olivia Winters is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera, The Young and the Restless. The role was portrayed by Tonya Williams, on contract beginning in June 1990, until agreeing with the show to drop to recurring status in 2005. She returned to the role in 2007 to 2012.

In January 2011, a crossover event between The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful was announced involving Williams’ character along with the B&B character of Justin Barber, revealing that the characters are cousins. Williams’ appearances on The Bold and the Beautiful were February 1–2, 2011.

Nathan Hastings
Nathan Hastings is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. The role was originated in 1984 by Nathan Purdee, who portrayed the character until 1992. The character was subsequently portrayed by Randy Brooks (1992–1994), and was later de-aged, as evidenced by later portrayal by Adam Lazarre-White (1994–1996, 2000), who was nineteen years younger than both Purdee and Brooks.
Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan)
The Social Democrats (Kyrgyz: Социал-демократтар, romanized: Sotsial-demokrattar; Russian: Социал-демократы, romanized: Sotsial-demokraty; SDK) is a political party in Kyrgyzstan founded in late 2019 by supporters of former president Almazbek Atambayev – legal successor from the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDKP). After a conflict between Atambaev and his successor president Sooronbai Jeenbekov emerged and deepened in 2018, Atambayev accused of Jeenbekov in attempting to seize authority over the SDKP, a party that Atambayev himself formed in 1990s and served as a leader of. The SDK participated in the annulled 2020 parliamentary election. The current party leader is Temirlan Sultanbekov.

In the 2021 parliamentary election, the main candidate from the SDK was Almazbek's youngest son, Kadyrbek Atambaev.

2020 Kyrgyz parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2020. The results showed that pro-government parties had won a supermajority of seats. The election was subsequently annulled by the Central Election Commission during the 2020 Kyrgyzstan protests.
Accademia Galileiana
The Accademia Galileiana ('Galilean academy') is a learned society in the city of Padua in Italy. The full name of the society is Accademia galileiana di scienze, lettere ed arti in Padova ('Galilean academy of science, letters and the arts in Padova'). It was founded as the Accademia dei Ricovrati in Padua in 1599, on the initiative of a Venetian nobleman, Federico Cornaro.  The original members were professors in the University of Padua such as professor Georgios Kalafatis; one of its original members was Galileo Galilei.  In 1779 the academy merged with the Accademia di Arte Agraria (founded in 1769) and became the Accademia di Scienze Lettere e Arti; in 1949 it became the Accademia Patavina di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti; its name was changed to Accademia Galileiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti in Padova in 1997, in honor of Galileo.  The academy is lodged in the Carraresi Palace in Padua.

Georgios Kalafatis (professor)
Georgios Kalafatis Shida Talli (Greek: Γεώργιος Καλαφάτης, Italian: Giorgio Calafatti, Latin: Georgius Calafattus; ca. 1652 – ca. 9 February 1720) was a Greek professor of theoretical and practical medicine who was largely active in Padua and Venice in the 17th-century Italian Renaissance.
Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Fitchburg is a city in northern Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The third-largest city in the county, its population was 41,946 at the 2020 census. Fitchburg State University is located here.

Fitchburg State University
Fitchburg State University (Fitchburg State) is a public university in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. It has 3,421 undergraduate and 1,238 graduate/continuing education students, for a total student body enrollment of 4,659. The university offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in 25 academic disciplines. The main campus, the McKay Campus School, and athletic fields occupy 79 acres (320,000 m2) in the city of Fitchburg; the biological study fields occupy 120 acres (490,000 m2) in the neighboring towns of Lancaster, Leominster, and Lunenburg.
Römerberg (Frankfurt)
Römerberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁøːmɐbɛʁk]; also spelled as Roemerberg, lit. 'Roman Mountain') is a public space in Frankfurt, Germany. It is located in front of the Römer building complex, seat of the Frankfurt city administration since the 15th century. As the site of numerous imperial coronations, trade fairs and Christmas markets, the square is the historic heart of the medieval Altstadt (old town) and a popular tourist destination.

Paulsplatz, another historic square, is to the north. The Old St Nicholas Church and Historical Museum are to the south. Beyond that is the Mainkai, a promenade by the River Main. On the west side of the square is the reconstructed Römer medieval building. To the east is the Dom-Römer Project, and beyond that is Frankfurt Cathedral.

Römerberg is a major location for the outdoor Frankfurt Christmas Market.

It was the site of a Nazi book burning in 1933.

Frankfurt Christmas Market
The Frankfurt Christmas Market (German: Frankfurter Weihnachtsmarkt) is one of the oldest Christmas markets (also known as "Weihnachtsmärkte") in Germany with origins that date back to 1393. It is an annual outdoor Christmas market held in central Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. The market is open during the period of Advent (from late November and continues until just before Christmas on 22 December). It is visited by approximately three million visitors each year.

The market occupies a large area of the old town in central Frankfurt, including Friedrich-Stoltze-Platz, Hauptwache (to the north), Mainkai, Paulsplatz, and Römerberg (to the south).

There are a number of affiliated markets, including in Birmingham, England.
Maha Singh
Maha Singh (Punjabi: Mahaṅ Singh; 1760 – 15 April 1790 or 1756 – April 1792), also spelt as Mahan or Mahn Singh, was the second Sardar of the Sukerchakia Misl, which as a Sikh grouping with its guerilla militia was one of twelve Sikh Misls that later became part of the Sikh Empire. He was the eldest son of Sardar Charat Singh and Sardarni Desan Kaur Warraich. He was the father of the Punjabi king Ranjit Singh.

Upon the death of his father, Charat Singh, he succeeded to the leadership of the Sukerchakia Misl. His son Ranjit Singh succeeded him and established the Sikh Empire. He is known for his alliance with Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and for reducing the power of the Kanhaiya Misl. Maha Singh married firstly Mai Man Kaur, daughter of Sardar Jai Singh Mann of Mughalchak-Mananwala, and secondly Sardarni Raj Kaur, daughter of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind and mother of Ranjit Singh.

Jind State
Jind State (also spelled Jhind State) was a princely state located in the Punjab and Haryana regions of north-western India. The state was 3,260 km2 (1,260 sq mi) in area and its annual income was Rs.3,000,000 in the 1940s. This state was founded and ruled by the Jats of Sidhu clan.
OMS Video
OMS Video is an open, royalty-free video compression specification that was under development by Sun Microsystems's Open Media Commons as part of the Open Media Stack. It defines a video decoder and the associated bitstream syntax. It is intended for delivery, storage and playback of video streams.

It was announced on April 11, 2008. The latest version of OMS Video Specification is 0.91, released on June 9, 2009.

Open Media Commons
The Open Media Commons, sometimes referred to as the Open Media Commons initiative, is a computer industry group whose goal is to "develop open, royalty-free digital rights management and codec solutions". One of their largest supporters is Sun Microsystems, who released their internal digital rights management (DRM) project, Project DReaM, as part of the Open Media Commons initiative on 22 August 2005.

Project DReaM one of several project organized through the Open Media Commons initiative:

DRM-OPERA: An interoperable DRM architecture that is not dependent upon a specific hardware set or operating system.

Java Stream Assembly: Java-based server software that allows for distribution of video over a network.

OMS Video: a royalty-free codec loosely based on the H.261 with new tools & optimizations.
Planted clique
In computational complexity theory, a planted clique or hidden clique in an undirected graph is a clique formed from another graph by selecting a subset of vertices and adding edges between each pair of vertices in the subset. The planted clique problem is the algorithmic problem of distinguishing random graphs from graphs that have a planted clique. This is a variation of the clique problem; it may be solved in quasi-polynomial time but is conjectured not to be solvable in polynomial time for intermediate values of the clique size. The conjecture that no polynomial time solution exists is called the planted clique conjecture; it has been used as a computational hardness assumption.

Quasi-polynomial time
In computational complexity theory and the analysis of algorithms, an algorithm is said to take quasi-polynomial time if its time complexity is quasi-polynomially bounded. That is, there should exist a constant  such that the worst-case running time of the algorithm, on inputs of size , has an upper bound of the form

The decision problems with quasi-polynomial time algorithms are natural candidates for being NP-intermediate, neither having polynomial time nor likely to be NP-hard.
PicSat
PicSat was a French observatory nanosatellite, designed to measure the transit of Beta Pictoris b, an exoplanet which orbits the star Beta Pictoris.

PicSat was designed and built by a team of scientists led by Dr. Sylvestre Lacour, astrophysicist and instrumentalist at the High Angular Resolution in Astrophysics group in the LESIA laboratory with Paris Observatory, Paris Sciences et Lettres University and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). It was launched on 12 January 2018, and operated for more than 10 weeks before falling silent on 20 March 2018. The cubesat decayed from orbit on 3 October 2023.

Beta Pictoris b
Beta Pictoris b (abbreviated as β Pic b) is an exoplanet orbiting the young debris disk, A-type main sequence star, Beta Pictoris located approximately 63 light-years (19.4 parsecs, or 6×1014 km) away from Earth in the constellation of Pictor. It has a mass of around 13 Jupiter masses and a radius that's around 46% larger than Jupiter's. It orbits at 9 AU from Beta Pictoris, which is about 3.5 times farther than the orbit of Beta Pictoris c. It orbits close to the plane of the debris disk orbiting the star, with a low eccentricity and a period of 20–21 years.
Luckenwalde station
Luckenwalde station is the station of the town of Luckenwalde in the German state of Brandenburg. It was opened in 1841. Luckenwalde was the terminus of a narrow-gauge railway from 1900 to 1939. The present entrance building is its third.

Jüterbog station
Jüterbog station is a station in the town of Jüterbog in the German state of Brandenburg. It was  opened in 1841, which makes it one of the oldest railway stations in Brandenburg. The Jüterbog–Röderau railway has branched off the Berlin–Halle railway (Anhalterbahn) at the station since 1848. Its importance grew with the opening of further railway lines. Some of these lines have now been closed.

The station has lost its former importance in the fields of long-distance passenger, freight and military transport. Today it is almost exclusively used for regional transport. The entrance building of the station is a protected monument. Also protected are the station building of the Royal Prussian Military Railway, which was used for public transport until the end of the First World War, further buildings of the military railway and the water tower of the former locomotive depot to the north-east of the station.
Goregaon
Goregaon ([ɡoːɾeɡaːʋ]) is a suburb of Mumbai city, in the Mumbai Suburban district of Maharashtra, India. It has a railway station on the Mumbai Suburban Railway on the Western Line. An extension of the Harbour Line was completed in 2018, due to which it has regular trains to CSMT. This is in addition to the existing trains to Churchgate on the Western Line. Owing to rapid urbanization (mainly due to the construction of metro lines) and the growing population of metropolitan Mumbai, Goregaon, which was once a hilly forest region, is now a crowded suburb of Mumbai.

Mumbai local trains originate and terminate at Goregaon. Platforms 1 and 2 operate slow trains towards Churchgate and CSMT whereas, Platform 7 operates fast trains towards Churchgate.

Goregaon railway station
Goregaon (Marathi pronunciation: [ɡoːɾeɡaːʋ], formerly Goregaumn,  station code: GMN) is a railway station on the Western line and the Harbour line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It serves the Mumbai suburb of Goregaon.

The Harbour line which previously ran from Mumbai CSMT till Andheri was extended till Goregaon in March 2018 (the first service ran on March 29, 2018). The line is expected to be extended to Borivali in the coming years.