hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lukas Dauser
Lukas Dauser (born 15 June 1993) is a German male artistic gymnast and a three-time Olympian, having competed at the 2016, 2020, and 2024 Olympic Games.  He is the 2023 World Champion and the 2020 Olympic and 2022 World silver medalist on the parallel bars.

Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's parallel bars
The men's parallel bars event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held on 24 July and 3 August 2021 at the Ariake Gymnastics Centre. Approximately 70 gymnasts from 35 nations (of the 98 total gymnasts) competed on parallel bars in the qualifying round.

Zou Jingyuan of China won the title for his first individual Olympic medal. Germany's Lukas Dauser earned the silver for his first Olympic medal. Ferhat Arıcan of Turkey rounded off the podium in bronze, earning not only his first Olympic medal, but also the first for his country in artistic gymnastics. The defending champion, Oleg Verniaiev from Ukraine, did not enter the competition as he was serving a doping ban.

The medals for the competition were presented by Jean-Christophe Rolland, Olympian, France; IOC Member, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Luo Chaoyi, People's Republic of China; FIG Executive Committee Member.
C. J. Ramone
Christopher Joseph Ward (born October 8, 1965), better known as C. J. Ramone, is an American musician. He is best known for performing from 1989 to 1996 as the bassist, backing vocalist and occasional lead vocalist of the punk rock group the Ramones after replacing original bassist Dee Dee Ramone — a role that lasted until the band's retirement. He is one of three Ramones former members (and the only bassist) still living and active in music, the others being Marky Ramone and Richie Ramone.

Marky Ramone
Marc Steven Bell (born July 15, 1952), better known as Marky Ramone, is an American drummer. He began playing in hard rock bands in the New York City area, notably Dust and Estus. He was asked to drum for the punk rock band Richard Hell and the Voidoids. He replaced drummer Tommy Ramone in the Ramones in 1978 and played with the band from 1978 to 1983 and 1987 to 1996: their longest-serving drummer. He has also played drums for other punk rock and heavy metal bands including his own band, Marky Ramone and the Intruders. As of 2025, he is one of three surviving members of the band, the others being Richie Ramone and C.J. Ramone. He continues to keep the Ramones' legacy alive around the world with his band Marky Ramone's Blitzkrieg.

Ramone lives in Brooklyn Heights with his wife, Marion Flynn. In 2015, he released his autobiography, Punk Rock Blitzkrieg: My Life as a Ramone.
U.S. Route 319
U.S. Route 319 (US 319) is a spur of US 19. It runs for 303 miles (488 km) from US 98 at the foot of the John Gorrie Memorial Bridge across from downtown Apalachicola, Florida to US 1/SR 4 in Wadley, Georgia, through the Panhandle of Florida and the southern portion of Georgia.

Georgia State Route 33
State Route 33 (SR 33) is an 81.6-mile-long (131.3 km) state highway that travels south-to-north through portions of Thomas, Brooks, Colquitt, Worth, and Crisp counties in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway travels from its southern terminus, an intersection with US 84/SR 38 in Boston, to its northern terminus, an intersection with US 41/SR 7 north of Wenona. It also travels through Moultrie and Sylvester.
Marcatili's method
Marcatili’s method is an approximate analytical method that describes how light propagates through rectangular dielectric optical waveguides . It was published by Enrique Marcatili in 1969.

Optical dielectric waveguides guide electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum (light). This type of waveguide consists of dielectric materials (e.g., glass, silicon, indium phosphide, etc). The core of the waveguide has a higher index of refraction than its surrounding and the light is guided due to total internal reflection. In a ray description, the light zig-zags between the walls.

The geometry of the waveguide dictates the light to propagate with specific velocities and specific distributions of the electric and magnetic fields, known as modes. For rectangular waveguides, these modes cannot be computed analytically. This can be done either using a numerical mode solver, or using an approximate method such as Marcatili’s method.

Waveguide (optics)
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber waveguides, transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass, liquid light guides, and liquid waveguides.

Optical waveguides are used as components in integrated optical circuits or as the transmission medium in local and long-haul optical communication systems. They can also be used in optical head-mounted displays in augmented reality.

Optical waveguides can be classified according to their geometry (planar, strip, or fiber waveguides), mode structure (single-mode, multi-mode), refractive index distribution (step or gradient index), and material (glass, polymer, semiconductor).
Characteristic polynomial
In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots. It has the determinant and the trace of the matrix among its coefficients. The characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of that endomorphism over any basis (that is, the characteristic polynomial does not depend on the choice of a basis). The characteristic equation, also known as the determinantal equation, is the equation obtained by equating the characteristic polynomial to zero.

In spectral graph theory, the characteristic polynomial of a graph is the characteristic polynomial of its adjacency matrix.

Trace (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the trace of a square matrix A, denoted tr(A), is the sum of the elements on its main diagonal, . It is only defined for a square matrix (n × n).

The trace of a matrix is the sum of its eigenvalues (counted with multiplicities). Also, tr(AB) = tr(BA) for any matrices A and B of the same size. Thus, similar matrices have the same trace. As a consequence, one can define the trace of a linear operator mapping a finite-dimensional vector space into itself, since all matrices describing such an operator with respect to a basis are similar.

The trace is related to the derivative of the determinant (see Jacobi's formula).
Lomba Sihir
Lomba Sihir (lit. 'Magic Contest') is an Indonesian alternative pop band. It consists of Baskara Putra (vocals), Natasha Udu (vocals), Rayhan Noor (guitar and vocals), Tristan Juliano (keyboards and vocals), and Enrico Octaviano (drums). The band has released two studio albums: Selamat Datang di Ujung Dunia in 2021, and Obrolan Jam 3 Pagi in 2025.

Hindia (singer)
Daniel Baskara Putra (born 22 February 1994), known professionally as Hindia, is an Indonesian singer and songwriter. He rose to prominence as the vocalist of .Feast, which he formed with four other members in 2012. He started a solo career under the moniker Hindia in 2018 and later formed Lomba Sihir with his live band members in 2021.

As a solo artist, he has released two studio albums, Menari dengan Bayangan (2019) and Lagipula Hidup Akan Berakhir (2023), as well as a mixtape:  Doves, '25 on Blank Canvas (2025).
Azeville battery
The Azeville battery was a World War II German artillery battery constructed close to the French village of Azeville in the Manche department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It formed a part of Germany's Atlantic Wall coastal fortifications and was involved in the Normandy landings and shelled the US landing beach UTAH (15 km (9.3 mi) away) for three days after D-Day, 6 June 1944. The battery was heavily bombed on 9 June 1944 and fell to the Americans the same day. The site is owned by the local council and one of the battery's gun casemates now houses a museum.

Crisbecq Battery
The Crisbecq Battery (sometimes called Marcouf Battery) was a German World War II artillery battery constructed by the Todt Organization near the French village of Saint-Marcouf in the department of Manche in the north-east of Cotentin peninsula in Normandy. It formed a part of Nazi Germany's Atlantic Wall coastal fortifications. The main armament were three Czechoslovak 21 cm Kanone 39 cannons, two of which housed in heavily fortified casemates up to 10 feet thick of concrete. The battery, with a range of 27–33 kilometers (17–21 miles), could cover the beaches between Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue and Pointe du Hoc.

The battery engaged US ships on D-Day (6 June 1944) and was evacuated by the Germans on 11 June 1944 and took no further part in the Normandy landings.
Artificial butter flavoring
Artificial butter flavoring is a flavoring used to give a food the taste and smell of butter. It may contain diacetyl, acetylpropionyl, or acetoin, three natural compounds in butter that contribute to its characteristic taste and smell. Manufacturers of margarines or similar oil-based products typically add it (along with beta carotene for the yellow color) to make the final product butter-flavored, because it would otherwise be relatively tasteless.

Acetoin
Acetoin, also known as 3-hydroxybutanone or acetyl methyl carbinol, is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)C(O)CH3.  It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, buttery odor. It is chiral. The form produced by bacteria is (R)-acetoin.
Straight Flush
Straight Flush was the name of a B-29 Superfortress (B-29-36-MO 44-27301, Victor number 85) that participated in the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.

Assigned to the 393d Bomb Squadron, 509th Composite Group, it was used as a weather reconnaissance plane and flew over the city before the attack to determine if conditions were favorable for a visual drop. Pilot Claude Eatherly later expressed remorse, received psychiatric hospitalization, and engaged in anti-nuclear activism, which may be the origin of urban legends that Eatherly, Enola Gay pilot Paul Tibbets, or other members of the two planes' crews went insane after the bombings.

Claude Eatherly
Claude Robert Eatherly (October 2, 1918 – July 1, 1978) was an officer in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. He piloted the weather reconnaissance aircraft Straight Flush that supported the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
Glossop Tramway
The Glossop Tramway was a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) long passenger tramway service connecting the mill towns of Glossop and Hadfield in Derbyshire, England. It was authorised by the Board of Trade in 1901 and was opened in 1903 on a gauge of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm). It was closed in 1927, with the branch to Whitfield closing in 1919.

Glossop's was the second electric tramway in Derbyshire, opening three years after that of Ilkeston. It was a private enterprise run by the Urban Electric Supply Company, which also owned the Camborne and Redruth Tramway in distant Cornwall. The line was in the form of an inverted C, with the main termini at Hadfield and Old Glossop, with a short spur that terminated at Whitfield.

Urban Electric Supply Company
The Urban Electric Supply Company Limited (UESCo) was a British electricity industry holding company that operated from 1898 until the nationalisation of the electricity supply industry in 1948. It controlled directly, or indirectly through its subsidiaries, electricity undertakings throughout Britain.
Georgia State Route 8
State Route 8 (SR 8) is a 183-mile-long (295 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Haralson, Carroll, Douglas, Cobb, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Clarke, Oconee, Madison, Franklin, and Hart counties, bisecting the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway travels from its western terminus at US 78 and SR 4 at the Alabama state line west of Tallapoosa to its eastern terminus at US 29 at the South Carolina state line at the south end of Lake Hartwell. This was also the proposed State Route 808 (SR 808). The highway is concurrent with either US 29 or US 78 for its entire length.

Clarke County, Georgia
Clarke County is located in the East Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 128,671. Its county seat is Athens, with which it is a consolidated city-county. Clarke County is included in the Athens-Clarke County, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area.
Blairmore Group
The Blairmore Group, originally named the Blairmore Formation, is a geologic unit of Early Cretaceous age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that is present in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It is subdivided into four formations: Cadomin Formation, Gladstone, Beaver Mines and Ma Butte, all of which are defined by type sections, most of which contain plant fossils. In some areas the Blairmore contains significant reservoirs of natural gas.

Ma Butte Formation
The Ma Butte Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Cretaceous (Albian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It was named for Ma Butte, a mountain north of Coleman, Alberta, by J.R. McLean in 1980. It is present in the foothills of southwestern Alberta and it contains plant fossils.
Air Dolomiti
Air Dolomiti S.p.A. L.A.R.E (Linee Aeree Regionali Europee) is an Italian regional airline, wholly owned by Lufthansa. It is a member of Lufthansa Regional and has its head office in Dossobuono, Villafranca di Verona. Its main bases are at Munich Airport and Frankfurt Airport in Germany.

Air Dolomiti operates routes from several Italian destinations to and from Munich and Frankfurt. Most of these services are sold under the Air Dolomiti brand and codeshare with Lufthansa, while a few remain under the Lufthansa brand.

Lufthansa Regional
Lufthansa Regional was an operational entity for regional and feeder flights performed by up to five regional airlines owned or contracted by Lufthansa within its route network. As part of Lufthansa's rebranding, the Lufthansa Regional brand name has gradually been removed from the public eye since early 2018. The repainted aircraft no longer wear Lufthansa Regional titles.
Docker, Inc.
Docker, Inc. is an American technology company that develops productivity tools built around Docker, which automates the deployment of code inside software containers via OS-level virtualization. Major commercial products of the company are Docker Hub, a central repository of containers, and Docker Desktop, a GUI application for Windows, Linux and macOS to manage containers. The historic offering was Docker Enterprise PaaS business, acquired by Mirantis. The company is also an active contributor to various CNCF projects, such as containerd and runC. The main open source offering of the company are Docker Engine and buildkit which are rebranded under the Moby umbrella project. The core specification, Dockerfile, still includes the company trademark, however.

Mirantis
Mirantis Inc. is a Campbell, California, based B2B open source cloud computing software and services company. Its primary container and cloud management products, part of the Mirantis Cloud Native Platform suite of products, are Mirantis Container Cloud and Mirantis Kubernetes Engine (formerly Docker Enterprise). The company focuses on the development and support of AI infrastructure management platforms and container and cloud infrastructure management platforms based on Kubernetes and OpenStack. The company was founded in 1999 by Alex Freedland and Boris Renski. It was one of the founding members of the OpenStack Foundation, a non-profit corporate entity established in September, 2012 to promote OpenStack software and its community. Mirantis has been an active member of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation since 2016.
U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee)
U.S. Bank Center is a skyscraper in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Standing 601 feet (183 m) and 42 stories tall, it is the tallest building in the state of Wisconsin and the tallest building between Chicago and Minneapolis. The building has a floor area of 1,077,607 ft2 (100,113.0 m2). As of 2024, major tenants included the main headquarters of Baird, Foley & Lardner, and Sensient Technologies, as well as regional headquarters for U.S. Bank and IBM.

The building was designed by architects Bruce Graham and James DeStefano of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, and engineered by Fazlur Rahman Khan. It was topped off on August 29, 1972, and completed in 1973. It was the headquarters for Firstar Corporation from 1973 to 2001.

Firstar Corporation
Firstar Corporation was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based regional bank holding company that existed from 1853 to 2001.  In 2001, Firstar acquired U.S. Bancorp and assumed its name, moving its headquarters to Minneapolis.
James Crawford (jurist)
James Richard Crawford, AC, SC, FBA (14 November 1948 – 31 May 2021) was an Australian academic and practitioner in the field of public international law. He was a Judge of the International Court of Justice from February 2015 to his death in 2021. From 1990 to 1992 Crawford was Dean of the Sydney Law School where he was also the Challis Professor of International Law from 1986 to 1992. From 1992 to 2014, he was Whewell Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge and Fellow in Law at Jesus College, Cambridge. He was formerly Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, also at Cambridge.

Challis Professorship
The Challis Professorship are professorships at the University of Sydney named in honour of John Henry Challis, an Anglo-Australian merchant, landowner and philanthropist, whose bequests to the University of Sydney allowed for their establishment.

In 1880, Challis bequeathed residuary real and personal estate to the University, "to be applied for the benefit of that Institution in such manner as the governing body thereof shall direct". From the income of the Fund a sum of £7,500 was applied for the payment of half the cost of the erection of a new Chemical Laboratory, and a further sum of £1,900 devoted to the erection of a marble statue of Challis, which was placed in the university's Great Hall. The Challis appointments were then created.
Galkayo
Galkayo (Somali: Gaalkacyo, Arabic: جالكعيو, Italian: Gallacaio also known as Rocca Littorio) is the third-largest city in Somalia and serves as the capital of the north-central Mudug region.

Geographically, Galkayo is divided into four main quarters: Garsoor, Horumar, Israac, and Wadajir. Galkayo is divided between the regional states of Puntland and Galmudug. It serves as the capital of the Galkayo District as well as the Mudug region, and it has grown considerably in recent times, becoming a commercial hub connecting southern Somalia with the northern parts of the country.

Galmudug
Galmudug (Arabic: جلمدج; Italian: Galmudugh), officially Galmudug State of Somalia (Somali: Maamul-Goboleedka Galmudug ee Soomaaliya), is a Federal Member State in central Somalia, with its capital at Dhusamareb. It is bordered to the north by the Puntland state of Somalia, to the west by the Somali Region in Ethiopia, to the east by the Indian Ocean and to the south by the Hirshabelle state of Somalia.
Consisting of the Galgaduud region and Mudug region, Galmudug's name is derived from a conflation of the names of the two regions. Galmudug is a federal state within the larger Federal Republic of Somalia, as defined by the provisional constitution of Somalia.
Nate Sudfeld
Nathan Michael Sudfeld (born October 7, 1993) is an American professional football quarterback. He played college football for the Indiana Hoosiers and was selected by the Washington Redskins in the sixth round in the 2016 NFL draft. Sudfeld also spent four seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles as a backup quarterback, seeing occasional playing time and was a part of their Super Bowl LII-winning team.

Indiana Hoosiers football
The Indiana Hoosiers football program represents Indiana University Bloomington in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football (FBS) and in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers have played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana since 1960.

The Hoosiers have won the Big Ten Championship three times, doing it first in 1945, again in 1967, and most recently in 2025. Indiana has appeared in 17 bowl games, including the 1968 and 2026 Rose Bowl games. In 2024 they made the College Football Playoff. In 2025, the Hoosiers achieved their second-ever undefeated regular season and won their first national championship in program history. Six Indiana players have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including Zora Clevenger, Bill Ingram, Pete Pihos, George Taliaferro, John Tavener, and Anthony Thompson, who was also National Player of the Year in 1989. The Hoosiers are currently led by head coach Curt Cignetti.
Gondia district
Gondia district (also known as Gondiya, Marathi pronunciation: [ɡon̪d̪iaː]) is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. The district headquarters are located at Gondia. The district occupies an area of 5,234 km2 (2,021 sq mi) and has a population of 1,322,507, of which 17.08% were urban (as of 2011). Gondia district is located north eastern part of Maharashtra.

The district is part of the Nagpur Division. It is colloquially known as the "Rice City" due to its abundant rice production. Gondia is also known for the Navegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve, a major wildlife sanctuary in the Vidarbha region.

Navegaon National Park
Navegaon National Park is a National park located in the Arjuni Morgaon subdivision of Gondia district in state of Maharashtra, India. The Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home to almost 60% of the bird species found in entire Maharashtra. Every winter, flocks of migratory birds visit the lake. The national park has diverse type of vegetation ranging from dry mixed forest to moist forest.  The forest type is 5 A/C3. Southern tropical dry deciduous forest.
Vasilisa Davankova
Vasilisa Alexandrovna Davankova (Russian: Василиса Александровна Даванкова; born 2 May 1998) is a Russian YouTuber and a former ice dancer and pair skater. With former partner Andrei Deputat, she was the 2012 World Junior bronze medalist, the 2012–13 JGP Final silver medalist, and the 2012 Russian Junior champion. She then briefly teamed up with Alexander Enbert but ended their partnership in 2015.

2012–13 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2012–13 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an international figure skating competition in the 2012–13 season, held together with the ISU Junior Grand Prix Final. The combined event was the culmination of two international series — the 2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating for senior-level skaters and the 2012–13 ISU Junior Grand Prix for juniors.

The event was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia from 6–9 December 2012. It was a test event in anticipation of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior and junior levels.