hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radical initiator
In chemistry, radical initiators are substances that can produce radical species under mild conditions and promote radical reactions. These substances generally possess weak bonds—bonds that have small bond dissociation energies. Radical initiators are utilized in industrial processes such as polymer synthesis. Typical examples are molecules with a nitrogen-halogen bond, azo compounds, and organic and inorganic peroxides.

Organic peroxides
Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (R−O−O−R′). If the R′ is hydrogen, the compounds are called hydroperoxides, which are discussed in that article. The O−O bond of peroxides easily breaks, producing free radicals of the form RO• (the dot represents an unpaired electron). Thus, organic peroxides are useful in organic chemistry as initiators for some types of polymerization, such as the acrylic, unsaturated polyester, and vinyl ester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics. MEKP and benzoyl peroxide are commonly used for this purpose. However, the same property also means that organic peroxides can explosively combust. Organic peroxides, like their inorganic counterparts, are often powerful bleaching agents.
M5 and M55 buses
The M5 and M55 bus routes constitute a public transit corridor in Manhattan, New York City, running along the Fifth / Sixth Avenues / Riverside Drive Line as well as the southern portion of the Broadway Line after the discontinuation of the M6. The routes primarily run along Broadway, Fifth and Sixth Avenues, and Riverside Drive from South Ferry, Lower Manhattan to Washington Heights. The M5 covers the northern portion of the route north of 31st Street, while the M55 operates along the southern portion of the route south of 44th Street. The two routes overlap in Midtown Manhattan. The portion along Broadway south of East 8th Street was originally a streetcar line.

The whole line was a single route, the M5, until January 2017, when the M55 was created.

Fifth and Madison Avenues buses
The M1, M2, M3, and M4 are four local bus routes that operate along the one-way pair of Madison and Fifth Avenues in the borough of Manhattan in New York City between Greenwich Village and Harlem.

The routes are the successors to the New York and Harlem Railroad's Fourth and Madison Avenues Line, which began operations in 1832 as the first street railway in the world, and several lines of the Fifth Avenue Coach Company, a bus operator that started running on Fifth Avenue in 1886.
Kader Nouni
Kader Nouni (born 23 February 1976) is a French tennis umpire. He works primarily for the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) and has officiated six major finals. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) certified him as a gold badge umpire in 2007. Known for his baritone voice, Nouni is sometimes called the "Barry White of tennis".

Official (tennis)
In tennis, an official is a person who ensures that a match or tournament is conducted according to the International Tennis Federation Rules of Tennis and other competition regulations.

At the highest levels of the sport, a team of up to eleven officials may be on court at any given time. These officials are broken up into categories based on their responsibility during the match. Contrastingly, many tennis matches are conducted with no officials present directly on court.
Paul Davies (Conservative politician)
Paul Windsor Davies (born 1969) is a British politician who has served as Member of the Senedd (MS) for Preseli Pembrokeshire since 2007, and as Shadow Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution and External Affairs and Welsh Conservative Chief Whip since December 2024.

He served as Leader of the Welsh Conservatives and Leader of the Opposition in Wales from June 2018 to January 2021, resigning after possible breaches of Welsh COVID-19 rules. He had previously been Deputy Leader from 2011 to 2018 and Acting Leader in 2011 and 2018.

Welsh Conservatives
The Welsh Conservative Party (Welsh: Plaid Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), commonly the Welsh Conservatives (Welsh: Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), is the branch of the United Kingdom Conservative Party that operates in Wales. At Westminster elections and as of 1999, it was the second-most popular political party in Wales by vote share, having obtained the second-largest share of the vote at every general election since 1931. In Senedd elections, the Conservatives are currently the second-most supported party but have at times been third. Presently, they hold 13 of the 60 seats in the Senedd and none of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons.
Greeley, Colorado
Greeley is the home rule city that is the county seat of, and the most populous municipality in, Weld County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 108,795 at the 2020 United States census, an increase of 17.12% since the 2010 United States census. Greeley is the tenth most populous city in Colorado. Greeley is the principal city of the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and is a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. Greeley is located in northern Colorado and is situated 49 miles (79 km) north-northeast of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The city is a college town, home to the University of Northern Colorado and Aims Community College.

University of Northern Colorado
The University of Northern Colorado (UNCO or  UNC) is a public university in Greeley, Colorado, United States. It was founded in 1889 as the State Normal School of Colorado and took on its current name in 1970. Approximately 10,000 students are enrolled in six colleges. Extended campus locations are in Loveland, Denver/Aurora, and Colorado Springs. The university has a long history in teacher education. UNCO's 19 athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Big Sky Conference.
Cornelia Schröder-Auerbach
Cornelia Schröder-Auerbach (24 August 1900  – 11 October 1997) was a German musician, musicologist and writer. In 1928, she was the first woman in Germany to receive a doctorate in musicology. In 1930 she and her husband, composer Hanning Schröder, along with lute player Peter Harlan founded the Harlan Trio for historically informed performances, path-breaking for this new genre.

Baptized as a Protestant, she was considered Jewish in Nazi Germany because of her Jewish grandparents. With the Nazi takeover of the German government and its anti-Semitic discriminations, the non-observant Protestant Schröder-Auerbach was banned in 1934 from publicly performing, because her four grandparents had been Jewish. After World War II, she joined the East German Academy of Arts in East Berlin in 1952, where she rebuilt the music archive until her dismissal in 1959.

Hanning Schröder
Hanning Schröder (born Hans Schröder; 4 July 1896 – 16 October 1987) was a German composer and violist. From 1927, he worked in Berlin as a violist in orchestras for opera, radio and film, and in the Havemann String Quartet of his teacher Gustav Havemann. He formed the Harlan Trio with his wife and violinist Peter Harlan, performing Renaissance and Baroque music as pioneers of historical instruments. Due to his wife's Jewish descent, he had to stop working under the Nazi regime from 1935. They hid a Jewish couple in the house in Berlin that they left for safety reasons, earning them a Righteous Among the Nations recognition. As a composer, Schröder is known for chamber music, especially a string quartet based on the song of the Moorsoldaten from the Börgermoor concentration camp.
Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri
Zia-al Mustafa Aazmi (Urdu: ضیاء المصطفیٰ اعظمی رضوی قادری; Hindi: ज़ियाउल मुस्तफा आज़मी) known reverentially as Muhaddis-e-Kabeer is an Indian Islamic scholar, teacher, orator, debater, Muhaddith and Faqih and is currently serving as Naa’ib Qaazi ul Quz’zat fil Hind (Deputy Islamic Chief Justice of India) under Mufti Asjad Raza Khan. He belongs to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam. He is the Head Mufti of Jamia Amjadia Razvia.

He has memorised over 60,000 hadith with their narrators, having taught Bukhari and Muslim for over five decades and producing tens of thousands of scholars. He was included in The 500 Most Influential Muslims published by Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre in 2013 and 2016.

Jamia Amjadia Razvia
Jamia Amjadia Rizvia is an Islamic seminary (Madrasa) of the Sunni denomination situated in Ghosi city in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established by Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri a north Indian Muhaddith: scholar of hadith and son of a 19th-century Faqih Mufti Amjad Ali Aazmi.
Pialligo Avenue
Pialligo Avenue is a major arterial road in Canberra, the Capital city of Australia. It forms part of the corridor linking the city to Canberra Airport at Pialligo, and Fairbairn. It is also the most direct route from Queanbeyan to the airport precinct. Completed in 2009, a $16 million upgrade of Pialligo Avenue associated with the expansion of the airport saw the road upgraded to dual carriageway standard between its western terminus at the Monaro Highway and the Brindabella Business Park. These works included a grade separated intersection providing access to the redeveloped passenger terminal via a loop road. Substantial upgrades were also carried out at the intersection with Fairbairn Avenue. An estimated 30,000 vehicles use the road daily.

Pialligo
Pialligo (postcode: 2609) (/pɪæləɡoʊ/) is a rural suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The name Pialligo has been used for the area since at least 1820, and is probably of Aboriginal origin. It was also the name for the parish in the area. Streets in Pialligo are named with Aboriginal words.

Beltana Road in Pialligo is home to many of Canberra's nurseries. Canberra Airport is located adjacent to Pialligo across Pialligo Avenue.
Bristol Engineer Volunteers
The Bristol Engineer Volunteer Corps was a part-time unit of Britain's Royal Engineers, first raised in 1861. It went on to provide the Sappers for the 48th (South Midland) Division of the Territorial Force, serving in both World Wars and postwar until 1967.

1st Gloucestershire Engineer Volunteer Corps
The 1st Gloucestershire Engineer Volunteer Corps was a Volunteer unit of Britain's Royal Engineers, serving from 1861 to 1908. A detachment of the unit served in the Second Boer War. Although the unit itself did not transfer to the Territorial Force in 1908, several descendant units did so, deriving their seniority from the 1st Gloucesters.
Church of Santa María de Gracia, Cartagena
The Church of Our Lady of Grace (Spanish, Santa María de Gracia) is a Catholic church located in the old town of the Spanish city of Cartagena (in the Region of Murcia), and is the nerve center of the Cartagena's Semana Santa processions during Holy Week.

Semana Santa in Cartagena
Semana Santa in Cartagena are a series of parades in the period around Holy Week They are unique for Holy Week processions in Spain due to their strict order along with other characteristics. The Spanish government declared it a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest in 2005.
Card manipulation
Card manipulation, commonly known as card magic, is the branch of magic that deals with creating effects using sleight of hand techniques involving playing cards. Card manipulation is often used in magical performances, especially in close-up, parlor, and street magic. Some of the most recognized names in this field include Dai Vernon, Tony Slydini, Ed Marlo, S.W. Erdnase, Richard Turner, John Scarne, Ricky Jay and René Lavand. Before becoming world-famous for his escapes, Houdini billed himself as "The King of Cards".  Among the more well-known card tricks relying on card manipulation are Ambitious Card, and Three-card Monte, a common street hustle also known as Find the Lady.

Sleight of hand
Sleight of hand (also known as prestidigitation or legerdemain (listenⓘ) comprises fine motor skills used by performing artists in different art forms to entertain or manipulate. It is closely associated with close-up magic, card magic, card flourishing and stealing. Because of its heavy use and practice by magicians, sleight of hand is often confused as a branch of magic; however, it is a separate genre of entertainment and many artists practice sleight of hand as an independent skill. Sleight of hand pioneers with worldwide acclaim include Dan and Dave, Ricky Jay, Derek DelGaudio, David Copperfield, Yann Frisch, Norbert Ferré, Dai Vernon, Jerry Sadowitz, Cardini, Tony Slydini, Helder Guimarães, Tom Mullica, and Jason Ladanye.
Castle Hill, Mere
Castle Hill, also called Mere Castle, was a medieval fortification built by Richard, the Earl of Cornwall, in 1253 on a hill overlooking the town of Mere, Wiltshire, England. The castle was constructed in stone, with six towers, inner buildings and gates. It was abandoned in the 14th century and stripped of its stone and metalwork. Only earthworks remain in the 21st century.

Mere, Wiltshire
Mere is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It lies at the extreme southwestern tip of Salisbury Plain, close to the borders of Somerset and Dorset. The parish includes the hamlets of Barrow Street, Burton, Charnage, Limpers Hill, Rook Street and Southbrook.

The A303 trunk road passed through Mere until a bypass was built on the northern edge of the town in 1976. There is an old market square (although markets have not been held for several years), a chiming town clock and a large Grade I listed parish church. The steep slope of Castle Hill rises from the northwestern side of the town.
Oh Yeon-seo
Oh Haet-nim (Korean: 오햇님, born June 22, 1987), known professionally as Oh Yeon-seo (Korean: 오연서), is a South Korean actress and former singer. She is a former member of the musical group Luv, and as an actress she is best known for her roles in television dramas My Husband Got a Family (2012), Jang Bo-ri is Here! (2014), Shine or Go Crazy (2015), Come Back Mister (2016), My Sassy Girl (2017), A Korean Odyssey (2017–2018), Love with Flaws (2019–2020), Mad for Each Other (2021), and Café Minamdang (2022).

My Sassy Girl (TV series)
My Sassy Girl (Korean: 엽기적인 그녀; RR: Yeopgijeogin geunyeo) is a 2017 South Korean television drama starring Joo Won, Oh Yeon-seo, Lee Jung-shin and Kim Yoon-hye, based on the 2001 South Korean movie My Sassy Girl by Kwak Jae-yong, but during Joseon period. It aired on SBS from May 29 to July 18, 2017, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 (KST) for 32 episodes.
Syed Abul Fazal Sultan Ahmad
Syed Abul Fazal Sultan Ahmad (Bengali: সৈয়দ আবুল ফজল সুলতান আহমদ; 1909–1984), also known as Chandrapuri according to his birthplace, was a Bangladeshi Sufi saint, spiritual leader and Islamic scholar. He is most widely recognized as the founder of Chandrapara Pak Darbar Sharif in the Faridpur district and as the spiritual guide (Murshīd) of the late Syed Mahbub E Khoda Dewanbagi, the founder of Dewanbag Sharif.

Yunus Ali
Yunus Ali (Bengali: ইউনুস আলী; 1886–1952), also known as Khawaja Yunus Ali Enayetpuri according to his birthplace, was an Islamic Sufi saint. He was one of the most influential Sufis in Bangladesh in the 20th century. His followers numbered in the hundreds of thousands. A number of khanqahs are operated by his successors, including Bangladesh's largest Khanqahs and also the Ajadia Pak Darbar Sharif (আজাদীয়া পাক দরবার শরীফ), located in Sirajganj city.
Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway
Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway or Changzhutan intercity railway (Chinese: 长株潭城际铁路; pinyin: Cháng–Zhū–Tán chéngjì tiělù), is a higher-speed regional railway in Hunan, China. It connects the provincial capital Changsha with Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. The line was opened to traffic on 26 December 2016. A northwestern extension to Changsha West railway station opened on 26 December 2017. The maximum operating speed is expected to be up to 200 km/h (124 mph), travelling time between the three cities will be shortened to less than 30 minutes. The line uses China Railways CRH6F regional rail trains.

Despite being a China Railway intercity rail line, it's marked by Changsha Metro map as Line S1.

Changsha Metro
The Changsha Metro (officially 长沙轨道交通; chángshā guǐdào jiāotōng; usually called 长沙地铁; chángshā dìtiě) is a rapid transit system in Changsha and Xiangtan. The first operational line, Line 2, commenced service on April 29, 2014, making Changsha the 18th city in mainland China to open a rapid transit system.
Rossiter–McLaughlin effect
The Rossiter–McLaughlin effect is a spectroscopic phenomenon observed when an object moves across the face of a rotating star. The star is seen to undergo a redshift anomaly caused by the obscuration of different parts of its disk.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Minden (minor league baseball)
The Minden team was a minor league baseball team based in Minden, Nebraska. In 1903, the "Minden" team played as charter members of the five-team independent Central Nebraska League in the league's only season of play. Minden was without a formal nickname, common in the era. The Minden team placed fifth in the Central Nebraska League final standings.

Minden hosted its 1903 minor league home games at the Minden Grounds.

Central Nebraska League
The Central Nebraska League was an Independent level minor league baseball league that played in the 1903 season. The five–team Central Nebraska League consisted of franchises based exclusively in Nebraska. The Central Nebraska League played just one season and permanently folded after the 1903 season.
Nörvenich Air Base
Nörvenich Air Base (Fliegerhorst Nörvenich) is a German Air Force air base in Nörvenich, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (ICAO: ETNN).
It has been the home of Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 "Boelcke", which flies the Eurofighter Typhoon. Since 2023, Tactical Air Force Wing 33 from Büchel Air Base, the sole remaining German base with nuclear weapons, has been exercising at Nörvenich Air Base, while Büchel´s airfield will be renovated to accommodate the new F-35 jets by 2026.

Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31
Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 "Boelcke" (Tactical Air Force Wing 31; abbreviated as TaktLwG 31 "B"), formerly known as Jagdbombergeschwader 31 (Fighter-Bomber Wing 31; abbreviated as: JaBoG 31), is a fighter-bomber wing of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe). The wing is based in west Germany at Nörvenich Air Base. Its role are Air Interdiction, Offensive Counter Air and Close Air Support. The wing flies the Eurofighter Typhoon.

On 1 October 2013, the renamed unit also became the parent unit of the newly established Tactical Air Force Group "Richthofen".
Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester
The Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester is an autonomous territorial unit of Moldova established by the Government of Moldova to delineate the territory controlled by the unrecognized state of Transnistria, a territory under Russian military occupation.

Administrative divisions of Moldova
Moldova is divided administratively into two levels:

First level:
32 districts or raions (Romanian: raioane)
3 municipalities (municipii)—specifically Chișinău, Bălți, and Bender
2 autonomous territorial units: Gagauzia and  Left Bank of the Dniester (de facto Transnistria, which is not under control of the government of Moldova)

Second level:
Villages (Romanian: sate); two or more villages can form together a commune (Romanian: comună)
Sectors
10 municipalities (municipii)
Cities and towns
Spider-Man 2099
Spider-Man 2099 is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Peter David and Rick Leonardi in 1992 for the Marvel 2099 comic book line, and he is a futuristic re-imagining of the original Spider-Man created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. His true identity is Miguel O'Hara, an Irish-Mexican geneticist living in Nueva York (a renamed New York City) in the year 2099 who attempts to re-create the abilities of the original Spider-Man in other people and later suffers a related accident that causes half of his DNA to be rewritten with a spider's genetic code.

The character has appeared in numerous media adaptations, and made his cinematic debut in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018), where he was voiced by Oscar Isaac in its post-credits scene. Isaac reprised his role in the film's sequel Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023).

Punisher 2099
The Punisher 2099 is a comic book series following the account of Jake Gallows (the Punisher) in the year 2099 in an alternate Marvel Universe. The majority of the issues were written by Pat Mills and Tony Skinner, with art by Tom Morgan. The rest were written by Chuck Dixon. The series ran from February 1993 through November 1995 with a total of 34 issues.
Marc Ducret
Marc Ducret (born 19 August 1957) is a contemporary avant-garde jazz guitarist who frequently collaborates with saxophonist Tim Berne.

Ducret's guitar style is idiosyncratic, having been called "highly original and very expressive," but also "Metheny-like."

Big Satan
Big Satan is an American jazz ensemble headed by composer and alto saxophonist Tim Berne, featuring  drummer Tom Rainey and electric guitarist Marc Ducret. Rainey and Ducret are regular Berne collaborators, and both contribute compositions as well.
Stiripentol
Stiripentol, sold under the brand name Diacomit, is an anticonvulsant medication used for the treatment of Dravet syndrome - a serious genetic brain disorder.

The most common side effects include loss of appetite, weight loss, insomnia (difficulty sleeping), drowsiness, ataxia (inability to co‑ordinate muscle movements), hypotonia (low muscle strength) and dystonia (muscle disorders).

Dravet syndrome
Dravet syndrome (DS), previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder which causes a catastrophic form of epilepsy, with prolonged seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or fever. It is very difficult to treat with anticonvulsant medications. It often begins before one year of age, with six months being the age that seizures, char­ac­ter­ized by prolonged convulsions and triggered by fever, usually begin.

Prolonged seizures in the first year of life are the most indicative physical manifestation of DS. DS is diagnosed clinically, and genetic testing is recommended if there is any doubt. Due to drug-refractory epilepsy in DS, many other therapies are being explored to prolong the life expectancy of patients.
Butyraldehyde
Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO. This compound is the aldehyde derivative of butane. It is a colorless flammable liquid with an unpleasant smell. It is miscible with most organic solvents.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.