hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cochinchina campaign
The Cochinchina campaign was a series of military operations between 1858 and 1862, launched by a joint naval expedition force on behalf of the French Empire and the Kingdom of Spain against the Nguyễn period Vietnamese state. It was the opening conflict of the French conquest of Vietnam.

Initially a limited punitive expedition against the execution of two Spanish Catholic missionaries in Đại Nam, the ambitious French emperor Napoleon III however, authorized the deployment of increasingly larger contingents, that subdued Đại Nam territory and established French economic and military dominance. The war concluded with the founding of the French colony of Cochinchina and inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial rule in Vietnam in particular and Indochina in general.

Capture of Vĩnh Long
The Capture of Vĩnh Long (Vietnamese: Vĩnh Long) on 22 March 1862 was the last major allied victory of the Cochinchina campaign (1858–62). This campaign, fought between the French and the Spanish on the one side and the Vietnamese on the other, began as a limited punitive expedition and ended as a French war of conquest. The war concluded with the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam.
Wilson Hills
Wilson Hills (69°40′S 158°30′E﻿ / ﻿69.667°S 158.500°E﻿ / -69.667; 158.500) is a group of scattered hills, nunataks and ridges that extend northwest–southeast about 70 nautical miles (130 km; 81 mi) between Matusevich Glacier and Pryor Glacier in Antarctica.

Matusevich Glacier
Matusevich Glacier (69°20′S 157°27′E﻿ / ﻿69.333°S 157.450°E﻿ / -69.333; 157.450) is a broad glacier about 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) long, with a well developed glacier tongue, flowing to the coast of East Antarctica between the Lazarev Mountains and the northwestern extremity of the Wilson Hills.
Meithalun
Meithalun (Arabic: ميثلون, transliteration: Meithalûn; also spelled Maythalun, Maithaloun or Meithalon) is a Palestinian town in the Jenin Governorate of Palestine, in the northern West Bank, located 26 kilometers south of Jenin. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) census, the town had a population of 6,995 in 2007 and 8,321 by 2017.

Meithalun has four mosques, six schools, four pharmacies, two weather stations, two kindergartens, two clinics: maternity and general, several workshops, two multipurpose halls, two cemeteries, a police station, an office of the Ministry of Interior of the State of Palestine, three bakeries, four Internet cafes, two cultural centers, two major diwans, and a bank (Bank of Palestine). The town occupies an area of around 12,495 dunum
(historic unit translating to about 1000 square meters).

Jenin Governorate
The Jenin Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جنين, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ǧanīn) is one of 16 Governorates of Palestine. It covers the northern extremity of the West Bank, including the area around the city of Jenin, which is the district capital or muhfaza of the district.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2017 Census, the governorate had a population of 314,866. This is an increase from the reported population of 256,619 in the 2007 Census living in 47,437 households. 100,701 inhabitants (or 39%) were under the age of 63 (or 31%) were registered refugees. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 1997 Census, the Governorate had a population of 195,074.

It is the only governorate in the West Bank where the majority of control of land is under the Palestinian National Authority. Four Israeli settlements were evacuated as a part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan in 2005.
Detergent
A detergent is a product for cleaning that contains surfactants plus other components. Detergents comprise surfactants as main functional components to remove hydrophobic grease or dirt by dispersing them in water. They often further comprise water (to facilitate application), builders (to soften water), enzymes (for breaking down proteins, fats, or starches), and dyes or fragrances (to improve the user's sensory experience).

Common surfactants used in detergents are alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble than soap in hard water, because the polar sulfonate is less likely than the polar carboxylate of soap to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water.

Laundry detergent
Laundry detergent is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) used for cleaning dirty laundry (clothes). Laundry detergent is manufactured in powder (washing powder) and liquid form.

While powdered and liquid detergents hold roughly equal share of the worldwide laundry detergent market in terms of value, powdered detergents are sold twice as much compared to liquids in terms of volume.
Great Barrington, Gloucestershire
Great Barrington is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Barrington, in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, England. It lies in the north bank of the River Windrush, 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the town of Burford, Oxfordshire. In 1931 the parish had a population of 330.

Barrington, Gloucestershire
Barrington is a civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, England. In the 2011 census it had a population of 205.

The parish includes the villages of Great Barrington and Little Barrington, on either side of the River Windrush. To the east the parish borders Oxfordshire. To the south the parish includes a section of the A40 road from Oxford to Cheltenham, and extends to the B4425 road from Burford to Cirencester.

The civil parish was created in 1935 from the former civil parishes of Great Barrington and Little Barrington and a small area of Eastleach Turville, when those civil parishes were abolished.
Steve Roud
Steve Roud (/raʊd/; born 1949) is the creator of the Roud Folk Song Index and an expert on folklore and superstition. He was formerly Local Studies Librarian for the London Borough of Croydon and Honorary Librarian of the Folklore Society.

The Folklore Society
The Folklore Society (FLS) is a registered charity under English law based in London, England for the study of folklore. Its office is at 50 Fitzroy Street, London home of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.

It was founded in London in 1878 to study traditional vernacular culture, including traditional music, song, dance and drama, narrative, arts and crafts, customs and belief. The foundation was prompted by a suggestion made by Eliza Gutch in the pages of Notes and Queries.
Hōjō Masako
Hōjō Masako (北条 政子; 1157 – August 16, 1225) was a Japanese female samurai (onna-musha) and politician who exercised significant power in the early years of the Kamakura period, which was reflected by her contemporary sobriquet of the "nun shogun". She was the wife of Minamoto no Yoritomo, and mother of Minamoto no Yoriie and Minamoto no Sanetomo, the first, second and third shoguns of the Kamakura shogunate, respectively. She was the eldest daughter of Hōjō Tokimasa and sister of Hōjō Yoshitoki, both of them shikken of the Kamakura shogunate.

Minamoto no Sanetomo
Minamoto no Sanetomo (源 実朝; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.na.mo.to no (|) sa.ne.to.mo], September 12, 1192 – February 13, 1219, r. 1203–1219) was the third shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate. He was the second son of the Kamakura shogunate founder, Minamoto no Yoritomo. His mother was Hōjō Masako and his older brother was the second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie.

His childhood name was Senman (千万). He was the last head of the Minamoto clan of Japan. His Dharma name was Daijijiden seini'i goshoko jingi (大慈寺殿正二位丞相公神儀).

He was an accomplished waka poet.
Dave Murray (musician)
David Michael Murray (born 23 December 1956) is an English guitarist, best known as a member of the heavy metal band Iron Maiden. He joined Iron Maiden early in its history, and is the second-longest serving member of the band after founder Steve Harris. He and Harris are the only members of Iron Maiden to have appeared on all of the band's studio albums.

Growing up in London, Murray became interested in rock music at 15 and formed his first band Stone Free with neighborhood friend Adrian Smith. He regularly answered advertisements seeking guitar players in Melody Maker, before first auditioning for Iron Maiden in 1976. After a brief hiatus, Murray rejoined Iron Maiden in 1978 and remains with the band to the present day.

Steve Harris (musician)
Stephen Percy Harris (born 12 March 1956) is an English musician and songwriter, best known as the bassist for heavy metal band Iron Maiden, which he founded in 1975. He is the only member who has been in the band for its entire history, while he and guitarist Dave Murray are the only members who have appeared on all of the band's studio albums.

Harris developed an influential style of bass playing, particularly the "gallop" which can be found on many Iron Maiden recordings, such as the singles "Run to the Hills" and "The Trooper". He was the band's primary songwriter in its early history, but in later years he has been more likely to collaborate with his other members of the band. Harris has also assumed other roles in Iron Maiden, contributing keyboards and backing vocals, co-producing albums, and directing live videos.

Harris is widely regarded as one of the best heavy metal bassists of all time. He has also led the hard rock side project British Lion.
Heuvelland
Heuvelland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦøːvəlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the villages of Dranouter, Kemmel, De Klijte, Loker, Nieuwkerke, Westouter, Wijtschate and Wulvergem. Heuvelland is a thinly populated rural municipality, located between the small urban centres of Ypres and Poperinge and the metropolitan area of Kortrijk-Lille along the E17. On 1 January 2006 Heuvelland had a total population of 8,217. The total area is 94.24 km2 which gives a population density of 87 inhabitants per km2. The name heuvelland is Dutch meaning "hill country", as the municipality is characterized by the different hills on its territory.

Dranouter
Dranouter (Dutch, locally known as Nouter) is a village and a deelgemeente in the municipality of Heuvelland in West Flanders, Belgium. Dranouter was an independent municipality before the 1977 local government reforms. Since then, it has been part of the municipality of Heuvelland. The area of the deelgemeente Dranouter is 10.73 km2. The Dranouter Folk Festival is organised in the village every year. The postal code is 8951.
Roger Y. Tsien
Roger Yonchien Tsien (Chinese: 錢永健; February 1, 1952 – August 24, 2016) was an American biochemist. He was a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for his discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, in collaboration with organic chemist Osamu Shimomura and neurobiologist Martin Chalfie. Tsien was also a pioneer of calcium imaging.

Osamu Shimomura
Osamu Shimomura (下村 脩, Shimomura Osamu; August 27, 1928 – October 19, 2018) was a Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist, and professor emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University School of Medicine. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with two American scientists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Roger Tsien of the University of California-San Diego.
Qocho
Qocho or Kara-Khoja (Chinese: 高昌回鶻; pinyin: Gāochāng Huíhú; lit. 'Gaochang Uyghurs'), also known as Idiqut ("holy wealth"; "glory"; "lord of fortune"), was a Uyghur kingdom created in 843, with strong Chinese Buddhist and Tocharian influences. It was founded by refugees fleeing the destruction of the Uyghur Khaganate after being driven out by the Yenisei Kirghiz. They made their winter capital in Qocho (also called Gaochang or Qara-Khoja, near modern Turpan) and summer capital in Beshbalik (modern Jimsar County, also known as Tingzhou). Its population is referred to as the "Xizhou Uyghurs" after the old Tang Chinese name for Gaochang, the "Qocho Uyghurs" after their capital, the "Kucha Uyghurs" after another city they controlled, or the "Arslan ("Lion") Uyghurs" after their king's title.

Turpan
Turpan (Uyghur: Turpan) or Turfan (Chinese: 吐鲁番) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of 69,759 km2 (26,934 sq mi) and a population of 693,988 (2020). The historical center of the prefectural area has shifted a number of times, from Yar-Khoto (Jiaohe, 10 km or 6.2 mi to the west of modern Turpan) to Qocho (Gaochang, 30 km or 19 mi to the southeast of Turpan) and to Turpan itself.
Rosemary Murray
Dame Alice Rosemary Murray, DBE, DL (28 July 1913 – 7 October 2004) was an English chemist and educator. She was instrumental in establishing New Hall, Cambridge, now Murray Edwards College, Cambridge, and was the first woman to hold the office of Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge.

Murray Edwards College, Cambridge
Murray Edwards College is a women-only constituent college of the University of Cambridge. It was founded in 1954 as New Hall and renamed in 2008. The name honours a gift of £30 million by alumna Ros Edwards and her husband Steve, and the first President and woman Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, Dame Rosemary Murray.
Trudeaumania
Trudeaumania was the term used during 1968 to describe the excitement generated by Pierre Elliott Trudeau's entry into the April 1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election. Trudeau won the leadership election and was sworn in as prime minister. Trudeaumania continued during the subsequent federal election (in which the Liberals won a strong majority government) and during Trudeau's early years as prime minister. Decades later, Trudeau's son, Justin Trudeau, drew a similar international reaction when he became prime minister in 2015.

1968 Canadian federal election
The 1968 Canadian federal election was held on June 25, 1968, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 28th Parliament of Canada.

In April 1968, Prime Minister Lester Pearson of the Liberal Party resigned as party leader as a result of declining health and failing to win a majority government in two attempts. He was succeeded by his Minister of Justice and Attorney General Pierre Trudeau, who called an election immediately after becoming prime minister. Trudeau's charisma appealed to Canadian voters; his popularity became known as "Trudeaumania" and helped him win a comfortable majority. Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives lost seats whereas the New Democratic Party's support stayed the same.
Ostroh Academy
The Ostroh Academy (Polish: Akademia Ostrogska;  Ukrainian: Острозька академія, romanized: Ostroz'ka academiya) was an influential institute of higher learning located in Ostroh in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It is considered the first institution of higher education in the Eastern Slavic world, dating to 1576 and founded by the wealthy Ruthenian magnate Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski. The academy was at the centre of what historians have dubbed the "Ostroh Renaissance", an Orthodox cultural revival led by the Rus’ magnates of Poland-Lithuania in resistance to the dominant Reformation and Counter-Reformation.

Its crowning achievement was the publication of the Ostroh Bible in 1581, the first complete print of the Bible in a Slavic language, and an "epochal event in the life of the whole Orthodox world."

Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski
Prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski (Ruthenian: Костεньтин Ѡстрозский,; Ukrainian: Костянтин-Василь Острозький, romanized: Kostiantyn-Vasyl Ostrozkyi; Belarusian: Канстантын Васіль Астрожскi; Lithuanian: Konstantinas Vasilijus Ostrogiškis; 2 February 1526 – 23 or 29 February 1608) was a Ruthenian Orthodox magnate of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, starost of Volodymyr, marshal of Volhynia and voivode of Kiev. One of the most powerful and influential figures in Ukrainian lands during the 16-17th centuries, Ostrogski became famous as founder of the Ostroh Academy and protector of Eastern Orthodox religion.

In 2008, the council of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate proclaimed Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski a saint and established his feast day on 13 March [O.S. 26 February].
Charites
The Charites (/ˈkærɪtiːz/; Ancient Greek: Χάριτες; singular Charis (Χάρις), also called by the English translation the "Graces") are goddesses of Greek mythology who personify beauty and grace. According to Hesiod, their names were Aglaea, Euphrosyne, and Thalia and were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, the daughter of Oceanus. However, their names, number and parentage varied across accounts. They have little independent mythology, and are usually described as attending various gods and goddesses, particularly Aphrodite.

In Roman mythology, they were known by the Latin equivalent of the Greek: the Gratiae. In Roman and later art, they were generally depicted nude in an interlaced group, but during the Greek Archaic and Classical periods, they were typically depicted as fully clothed, in a line, and in dance poses.

Euphrosyne
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Euphrosyne (/juːˈfrɒzɪniː/; Ancient Greek: Εὐφροσύνη, romanized: Euphrosúnē) is a goddess, one of the three Charites. She was sometimes named Euthymia (Ancient Greek: Εὐθυμία, lit. 'good mood') or Eutychia (Ancient Greek: Εὐτυχία, lit. 'good luck').
A28 motorway (Netherlands)
The A28 motorway is a motorway in the Netherlands. It is approximately 188 kilometers in length.

The A28 traverses the Dutch provinces of Utrecht, Gelderland, Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen. The road connects the cities of Utrecht, Amersfoort, Zwolle, Assen, and Groningen.

A7 motorway (Netherlands)
The A7 motorway is a motorway in the Netherlands connecting Zaandam, via the Afsluitdijk, Sneek and Groningen to the German border near Bad Nieuweschans. The entire road is part of the European route E22, with exception of the first kilometer, between the terminus in Zaandam and the interchange Zaandam. The total length is 236 km.
Fernando Romero
Fernando Romero Havaux (born 1971) is a Mexican architect and philanthropist. He is the founder of Fernando Romero (formerly known as Fr-ee). In 2025, Fernando established Fundacion Fernando Romero and under its patronage is transforming Barragan's masterpiece - La Cuadra San Cristobal- into a new cultural venue for Mexico City. He is also the co-founder of Archivo Diseño y Arquitectura. Fernando is the ex-son-in-law of Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim.

Fernando Romero (company)
Fernando Romero (company) is a global architecture and industrial design firm founded by Fernando Romero with offices in New York, Mexico City, Madrid and Shenzhen.

An active agent in the reconfiguration of site and public space, its commitment to translating historic, social, economic and environ- mental contexts into contemporary urban destinations has garnered critical attention and attracted millions of visitors, generating positive impact in cities and communities. Over the past 20 years, it has realized and proposed projects in a number of countries that en- compass different programs and contexts, from museums and office buildings to dense urban centers and the desert.
Wheelchair dancesport
Wheelchair dancesport, also known as Para dance sport, is a form of competitive dancesport where at least one of the dancers is in a wheelchair. The sport corporates the rules of the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF).

Dancesport
Dancesport (also stylized as DanceSport) is competitive dancing, as contrasted with social or exhibition dancing. The term dancesport encompasses many dance disciplines (e.g., Acrobatic Rock'n'Roll, Boogie Woogie, Breaking, Hip Hop, and Ballroom). Most dancesport disciplines are competed by couples, but there are solo styles (e.g., Breaking) and group styles (e.g., Formation dance). In the case of Para dancesport, at least one of the dancers is in a wheelchair.

Dancesport events are sanctioned and regulated by dancesport organizations at the national and international level, such as (for Ballroom dance) the World DanceSport Federation, the World Dance Council, and the World Dance Organization.

The name was invented to help competitive ballroom dancing gain Olympic recognition. The physical demand of dancesport has been the subject of scientific research.
Simon Yates (cyclist)
Simon Philip Yates (born 7 August 1992) is a retired British professional road and track racing cyclist who last rode for UCI WorldTeam Visma–Lease a Bike. His twin brother is Adam Yates, who is also a professional cyclist. He won the gold medal in the points race at the 2013 Track Cycling World Championships. Following a doping ban in 2016, he won the young rider classification in the 2017 Tour de France and the general classification in the 2018 Vuelta a España and 2025 Giro d'Italia. Yates has taken more than thirty professional victories, including eleven Grand Tour stage victories – six at the Giro d'Italia, three at the Tour de France and two at the Vuelta a España. Yates has been a resident of Andorra since 2015.

2018 Vuelta a España
The 2018 Vuelta a España was a three-week Grand Tour cycling stage race that took place in Spain between 25 August and 16 September 2018. The race was the 73rd edition of the Vuelta a España and was the final Grand Tour of the 2018 cycling season. The race started in Málaga and finished in Madrid.

The race was won by British rider Simon Yates from the team Mitchelton–Scott.
Lynx (Rheinmetall armoured fighting vehicle)
The Lynx is a German armoured fighting vehicle developed by Rheinmetall. The Lynx, configured as a KF31 infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), was unveiled at the Eurosatory defence exhibition on 14 June 2016. The KF41 variant was unveiled at the Eurosatory defence exhibition on 12 June 2018.

According to Rheinmetall, the Lynx family of tracked armoured vehicles is at the forefront of a new trend in IFV design toward armoured vehicles with lower unit and through-life costs and reduced complexity. One of the key principles of the Lynx concept is the integration of proven sub-systems with a high technology readiness level to reduce development time, cost and technical risk.

Rheinmetall
Rheinmetall AG (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnmeˌtal]) is a German automotive and arms manufacturer, headquartered in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The group was promoted to the DAX, Germany's leading stock market index, in March 2023. It is the largest German and fifth-largest European arms manufacturer, and produces a variety of armored fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, in both wheeled and tracked versions, as well as warships through Blohm+Voss. It also manufactures artillery, air defense systems, anti-tank weapons and ammunition. Its name is derived from the German-language words Rhein and Metall, translating to "Rhine-metal" when combined.
Thomas L. Jennings
Thomas L. Jennings (c. 1791 – February 12, 1859) was an African-American inventor, tradesman, entrepreneur, and abolitionist in New York City, New York. He has the distinction of being the first African-American patent-holder in history; he was granted the patent in 1821 for his novel method of dry cleaning. Jennings' invention, along with his business expertise, yielded a significant personal fortune, much of which he put into the abolitionist movement in the United States.

Elizabeth Jennings Graham
Elizabeth Jennings Graham (March 1827 – June 5, 1901) was an African-American teacher and civil rights figure.

In 1854, Graham insisted on her right to ride on an available New York City streetcar at a time when all such companies were private and most operated segregated cars. Her case was decided in her favor in 1855, and it led to the eventual desegregation of all New York City transit systems by 1865.

Graham later started the city's first kindergarten for African-American children, operating it from her home on 247 West 41st Street until her death in 1901.