hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kamikōchi Line
The Kamikōchi Line (上高地線, Kamikōchi-sen) is a railway line operated by the Japanese private railway operator Alpico Kōtsū in the western suburbs of Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture. The line connects Matsumoto with Shinshimashima, the transportation gateway to Kamikōchi and the Hida Mountains.

Matsumoto, Nagano
Matsumoto (松本市, Matsumoto-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Matsumoto is designated as a core city since 1 April 2021. As of 1 March 2019, the city had a population of 239,466 in 105,207 households and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 978.47 square kilometres (377.79 sq mi).
Didi Contractor
Delia Narayan "Didi" Contractor (née Kinzinger; 1929 – July 5, 2021) was an American artist and builder. A self-taught architect, she is known for her work on the vernacular traditions in India, using adobe, bamboo and stone for materials. She was a recipient of the Nari Shakti Puraskar, India's highest civilian award for recognising the achievements and contributions of women.

Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.
Gruene Family Home
The Henry Gruene Family Home is a Victorian-style house that was constructed in 1872.  The Gruene Family Home, though not listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places, is a contributing property to Gruene Historic District, which was listed in 1974. Presently, the home operates as the Gruene Mansion Inn in the Gruene Community of New Braunfels, Texas. Deep in tradition, the mansion was one of the first buildings in Gruene, in 1872. The Gruene Mansion Inn began as H.D. Gruene's historic Eastlake Victorian home and cotton plantation. All current accommodations are century-old barns and homes restored to our own Victorian Rustic Elegance - A combination of antiques, fine fabrics, and handmade furniture. Every room has a unique character and offers details such as clawfoot tubs and deep pedestal sinks. Gruene Mansion Inn is listed as one of the top inns in the state of Texas.

Gruene, New Braunfels, Texas
Gruene (/ˈɡriːn/ GREEN) is a German-Texan town in Comal County in the U.S. state of Texas. Once a significant cotton-producing community along the Guadalupe River, the town has now shifted its economy to one supported primarily by tourism. Gruene, a German surname, (pronounced "Green") is now a district within the city limits of New Braunfels, and much of it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on April 21, 1975. The city is known for its German-Texan heritage and architecture and many residents of Gruene and New Braunfels are descendants of the first German settlers.
Arnold Adams
Arnold Adams (born July 9, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist and bare-knuckle boxer. He currently competes in the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship, where he is the inaugural and a two-time BKFC Heavyweight Champion. As of April 4, 2025, he is tied at #4 in the BKFC men's pound-for-pound rankings.

Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship
The Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship (BKFC) is an American bare-knuckle boxing promotion based in Philadelphia. The promotion was founded in April 2018, and is presided over by David Feldman.

BKFC is the first promotion to hold an official state-sanctioned and commissioned bare-knuckle boxing event in the United States since 1889. Its first event was held in 2018, with 142 events held as of December 2025.
Harborne
Harborne is an affluent area in Birmingham, West Midlands, England, located 3 miles (5 kilometres) south-west of Birmingham City Centre. It is a Birmingham City Council ward in the formal district and in the parliamentary constituency of Birmingham Edgbaston.

Moor Pool
Moor Pool (or Moorpool) is a 22.32 hectares (55.2 acres) garden suburb within the ward of Harborne, Birmingham, England. It was designated a Conservation Area in July 1970, which was raised by an Article 4(2) direction order in 2006. A Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan was adopted in March 2012.
ClassPass
ClassPass is an American company operating a subscription platform for fitness, wellness, lifestyle experiences, and more. Founded in 2013, it was acquired by Mindbody Inc in 2021. In June 2025, Playlist was created as a parent brand, uniting ClassPass with Mindbody & Booker under a single identity.

Mindbody Inc.
Mindbody, Inc. is a San Luis Obispo, California-based software-as-a-service company that provides cloud-based online scheduling and other business management software for the wellness services industry. The company has offices in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and India. The workforce is distributed worldwide, with an ongoing remote work policy established in 2023.

Founded in 2000, it has been majority owned by Vista Equity Partners since 2019.

Since October 2021, the company has owned ClassPass.

The Mindbody mobile app is integrated with Fitbit and Under Armour’s MyFitnessPal.
Don't Be a Stranger (Dina Carroll song)
"Don't Be a Stranger" is a song by British singer-songwriter Dina Carroll, released on 4 October 1993 by A&M Records and 1st Avenue as the sixth and final single from her debut album, So Close (1993). The song was written by Coral Gordon and Geoff Gurd, produced by Nigel Lowis, and the strings on the track were performed by the London Session Orchestra. It was a success in the United Kingdom, reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart, and it also reached the top 30 in Ireland and Sweden. On the Eurochart Hot 100, the song peaked at number 11 in November 1993, while outside Europe, it was a number-one hit in Israel. Its accompanying music video was directed by Marcus Nispel and filmed in Czech Republic.

Dina Carroll
Geraldine "Dina" Carroll (born 21 August 1968) is an English singer and songwriter. She had a string of hits during the 1990s, including the UK top ten singles "It's Too Late" (1991), "Don't Be a Stranger" (1993), "The Perfect Year" (1993), and "Escaping" (1996). Carroll released two studio albums, So Close (1993) and Only Human (1996), both of which reached number two on the UK Albums Chart and were certified platinum. She won Best British Female Solo Artist at the 1994 Brit Awards.
EPSP synthase
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase is an enzyme produced by plants and microorganisms. EPSPS catalyzes the chemical reaction:

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + 3-phospho shikimate (S3P) ⇌ phosphate + 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP)

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and 3-phosphoshikimate, whereas its two products are phosphate and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate.

This enzyme is absent from animal genomes, making it an attractive target for herbicides such as glyphosate. A glyphosate-resistant version of the enzyme's gene has been incorporated into genetically modified crops.

Shikimic acid
Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi (シキミ, the Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from which it was first isolated in 1885 by Johan Fredrik Eykman. The elucidation of its structure was made nearly 50 years later.
Michaux State Forest
Michaux State Forest is a Pennsylvania State Forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #1.  The main offices are located in Fayetteville in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, USA.

The Michaux State Forest is in several tracts covering more than 85,000 acres (34,400 ha) located in Adams County, southern Cumberland County, eastern Franklin County, and northwestern York County. The Appalachian Trail also runs through Michaux State Forest.

Caledonia State Park
Caledonia State Park is a 1,125-acre (455 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Greene Township, Franklin County and Franklin Township, Adams County in southern Pennsylvania. It is named for the Caledonia Furnace, an iron furnace that was owned by Thaddeus Stevens beginning in 1837. The park is known for its recreational activities and the Totem Pole Playhouse, a summer stock theater.
Buksnes Church
Buksnes Church (Norwegian: Buksnes kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vestvågøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gravdal on the island of Vestvågøya. It is the church for the Buksnes parish which is part of the Lofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The red, wooden, Dragestil church was built in a long church style in 1905 using plans drawn up by the architect Karl Norum. The church seats about 600 people.

Dragestil
Dragestil (lit. 'Dragon Style') is a style of design and architecture that originated in Norway and was widely used principally between 1880 and 1910. It is a variant of the more embracing National Romantic style and an expression of Romantic nationalism.
303rd Fighter Squadron
The 303rd Fighter Squadron is assigned to the 442d Operations Group at Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri, and flies the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft conducting close air support missions.

The squadron was first activated during World War II.  After training in the United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations, where it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for its actions on D-Day.  After V-E Day, the squadron remained in Germany until the fall of 1946 as part of the occupation forces.

The squadron was reactivated in the reserve in 1949.  It was mobilized for the Korean War, but was inactivated and its personnel used as fillers for other units.  When the reserve began flying operations again in 1952, it was once again activated.  The 303d was mobilized again during the Berlin Crisis of 1961.  It continued the airlift mission until 1984, when it converted to operating fighter aircraft.

442nd Operations Group
The 442d Operations Group is an active United States Air Force Reserve unit. It is the flying component of the Tenth Air Force 442d Fighter Wing, stationed at Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri.

The unit's World War II predecessor unit, the 442d Troop Carrier Group was a C-47 Skytrain transport unit assigned to Ninth Air Forces in Western Europe. The 442d TCG group carried 82nd Airborne paratroopers into France for the 6 June 1944, D-Day invasion. In September 1944, the 442d flew units of the 101st Airborne into Belgium during Operation Market Garden. After D-Day, the 442d TCG flew resupply missions, hauled freight, and evacuated casualties in support of the Allied efforts in France and Belgium. While continuing its transport duties until V-E Day, it also released gliders filled with troops in the airborne assault across the Rhine River in March 1945, carried supplies to ground forces in Germany during April and May, and evacuated liberated prisoners of war.
Zephyrometer
41°18′43″S 174°47′46″E﻿ / ﻿41.31194°S 174.79611°E﻿ / -41.31194; 174.79611

The Zephyrometer is a public sculpture by Phil Price in Evans Bay, Wellington. The work was installed in 2003. It is a kinetic sculpture consisting of a concrete cylinder holding a 26 metres (85 ft) tall needle which sways to show wind direction and speed. It is sited on Cobham Drive to make use of Wellington's wind.  The Zephyrometer was damaged by lightning on August 14, 2014.

Zephyrometer was the second of five major wind sculptures along Cobham Drive commissioned by the Wellington Sculpture Trust over the period 2000 – 2010, which now make up the Meridian Wind Sculpture Walk. The work has attracted international interest, and is a beloved local landmark.

Wellington Sculpture Trust
The Wellington Sculpture Trust is an independent charitable trust which funds and advocates for public sculptures in Wellington, New Zealand. It is funded by private and corporate donations and works with the Wellington City Council. It has commissioned and bought sculptures sited in the Botanic Garden, Cobham Drive at the head of Evans Bay in Rongotai, the Wellington waterfront and Lambton Quay in the central city.
Yuen Chai-wan
Yuen Chai-wan (simplified Chinese: 阮濟云; traditional Chinese: 阮濟雲; Cantonese Yale: Yún Jai-wàhn; pinyin: Ruǎn Jìyún) was a Grandmaster of Wing Chun and a general during the Second Sino-Japanese War. He was the son of the wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming and older brother to Yuen Kay-shan, Yuen left China early 1930s when he was invited to teach Wing Chun in Vietnam at the Nanhai and Shunde Expatriates Associations and moved to Hanoi, where he was known in Vietnamese as Nguyễn Tế Công. In 1954 he relocated to Saigon and there established a second school. Yuen was entrusted with the mission of being the Patriarch of Wing Chun in Vietnam.

Yuen Kay-shan
Yuen Kay-shan (Chinese: 阮奇山; Cantonese Yale: Yún Kèih-sāan; pinyin: Ruǎn Qíshān), nicknamed Yuen Lo-jia (Chinese: 阮老揸; Cantonese Yale: Yún Lóuh Jā; pinyin: Ruǎn Lǎo Zhā)  was a Grandmaster of Wing Chun. The youngest of five brothers, he became known as "Foshan Yuen Lo-jia" (Yuen the Fifth of Foshan).

 He was the fifth child of wealthy firework monopoly owner Yuen Chong Ming, and was known as an undefeated champion of 1000 death duels during the 1920-1950s representing the Wing Chun.
Accademia del Cimento
The Accademia del Cimento (Academy of Experiment), an early scientific society, was founded in Florence in 1657 by students of Galileo, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli and Vincenzo Viviani and ceased to exist about a decade later. The foundation of Academy was funded by Prince Leopoldo and Grand Duke Ferdinando II de' Medici. The tenets of the society included:

Experimentation (about everything, in this early period of science)

Avoidance of speculation

Creation of laboratory instruments

Standards of measurement

Motto – Provando e riprovando = Proving and proving again (or Trying and Trying again)

A publication Saggi di naturali esperienze fatte nell'Accademia del Cimento sotto la protezione del Serenissimo Principe Leopoldo di Toscana e descritte dal segretario di essa Accademia first published in 1666, later translated into Latin in 1731. It became the standard laboratory manual in the 18th century.

Ferdinando II de' Medici
Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria. Remembered by his contemporaries as a man of culture and science, he actively participated in the Accademia del Cimento, the first official scientific society in Italy, formed by his younger brother, Leopoldo de' Medici. His 49-year rule was punctuated by the beginning of Tuscany's long economic decline, which was further exacerbated by his successor, Cosimo III de' Medici. He married Vittoria della Rovere, a first cousin, with whom he had two children who reached adulthood: the aforementioned Cosimo III, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, a cardinal.
Zeppelin LZ 24
L 3 (factory number LZ 24) was a Type M-class Zeppelin (the first standardized wartime model) operated by the Imperial German Navy during World War I. It made its maiden flight on 11 May 1914 and was the 24th airship constructed by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin, as well as the third delivered to the Navy. As the first of the Type M class, it marked the beginning of a series of twelve airships produced and distributed equally between the Imperial German Army and Navy by March 1915.

L 4
L 4 (factory number LZ 27) was an M-class Zeppelin constructed by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin in Friedrichshafen for the Imperial German Navy. It made its maiden flight on 18 August 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I. Operating from its base in Fuhlsbüttel, L 4—alongside L 3 (LZ 24)—carried out the first air raid on England during the war, bombing coastal towns in Norfolk on 19 January 1915.

On 17 February 1915, during a reconnaissance mission over the North Sea, L 4 encountered a snowstorm from the south and was forced to make an emergency landing in neutral Denmark. Eleven crew members escaped at Børsmose Beach, but the airship ascended again with four mechanics still aboard and subsequently vanished over the sea. All four were presumed drowned, marking the first fatalities in the Imperial German Navy's airship division.
Rashidun army
The Rashidun army (Arabic: جيش الراشدين) was the core of the Rashidun Caliphate's armed forces during the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century. The army is reported to have maintained a high level of discipline, strategic prowess and organization, granting them successive victories in their various campaigns.

In its time, the Rashidun army was a very powerful and effective force. The three most successful generals of the army were Khalid ibn al-Walid, who conquered Persian Mesopotamia and the Roman Levant, Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, who also conquered parts of the Roman Levant, and Amr ibn al-As, who conquered Roman Egypt. The army was a key component in the Rashidun Caliphate's territorial expansion and served as a medium for the early spread of Islam into the territories it conquered.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
2012 Hockenheimring GP2 Series round
The 2012 Hockenheimring GP2 Series round was a GP2 Series motor race held on July 21 and 22, 2012 at Hockenheimring in Hockenheim, Germany. It was the eighth round of the 2012 GP2 Season. The race supported the 2012 German Grand Prix.

2012 German Grand Prix
The 2012 German Grand Prix, formally the Formula 1 Grosser Preis Santander von Deutschland 2012, was a Formula One motor race that took place on 22 July 2012 as the tenth round of the 2012 season. After being held at the Nürburgring in 2011, the race returned to the Hockenheimring in Baden-Württemberg, making the 2012 race the thirty-third time the circuit hosted the German Grand Prix, and the eighth time the shortened circuit hosted the race since its 2002 redesign.

Ferrari driver Fernando Alonso got his 22nd pole position before going on to win the race, with McLaren's Jenson Button and Lotus' Kimi Räikkönen completing the podium. This race would see Michael Schumacher set his 77th and final fastest lap in Formula One, a record he still holds as of 2025. By winning the German Grand Prix, Alonso achieved his 30th Grand Prix victory overall, becoming the fifth driver after Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna, Nigel Mansell and Michael Schumacher to achieve this feat.
The Welldeserved Fox
The Welldeserved Fox (Vietnamese: Đáng đời thằng Cáo) is a 1959 Vietnamese animated film, directed by Lê Minh Hiền and Trương Qua. It is based on the poem The fox and the hive (Con cáo và tổ ong) by Hồ Chí Minh.

Vietnamese animation
Vietnamese animation, known in Vietnamese as Hoạt hình Việt Nam (lit. Vietnamese Cartoon), or Hoạt họa Việt Nam (lit. Vietnamese Animation), is a term to describe animation films (hand-drawn and computer-generated) which originates from Vietnam.
DNA Productions
DNA Productions, Inc. was an American animation studio and production company based in Irving, Texas. It was founded in 1987 by John A. Davis and Keith Alcorn. The studio originally worked on miscellaneous projects for other companies, including commercials and corporate videos, before branching out to television and film animation.

DNA Productions began to thrive a decade after its formation, through a partnership with filmmaker Steve Oedekerk. The studio's first major project, Santa vs. the Snowman, was released in 1997. Other projects soon followed, including Olive, the Other Reindeer in 1999.

DNA Productions is best known for its Jimmy Neutron character, who debuted in the company's 2001 film Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius. A television series, The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius, subsequently aired on Nickelodeon from 2002 to 2006. DNA's final film project was The Ant Bully, also released in 2006.

Steve Oedekerk
Steven Brent Oedekerk (born November 27, 1961) is an American filmmaker, actor and stand-up comedian. He is best known for his collaborations with actor and comedian Jim Carrey and director Tom Shadyac (particularly the Ace Ventura franchise), his series of "Thumbmation" shorts and his film Kung Pow! Enter the Fist (2002), along with his films Santa vs. the Snowman 3D, Barnyard, and The Nutty Professor remake. For his film Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, Oedekerk was nominated for an Academy Award.
Al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi
Al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi (Arabic: الفضل بن الربيع, 757/8–823/4), was one of the most influential officials of the Abbasid Caliphate in the reigns of Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809) and al-Amin (r. 809–813), whom he served as chamberlain and chief minister. Fadl played an important role as the chief instigator of the civil war that erupted after Harun's death, siding with al-Amin against his half-brother al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833). After al-Ma'mun's victory he went into hiding, but eventually reconciled himself with the new ruler.

Al-Amin
Abū Mūsā Muḥammad bin Hārūn al-Amīn (Arabic: أبو موسى محمد بن هارون الأمين; April 787 – 24/25 September 813), better known by just his laqab of al-Amīn (Arabic: الأمين, lit. 'the Trustworthy'), was the sixth Abbasid caliph from 809 to 813.

Al-Amin succeeded his father, Harun al-Rashid, in 809 and ruled until he was deposed and killed in 813, during the civil war by his half-brother, al-Ma'mun.
Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech
Hafiz Rahmat Khan (1723 – April 1774) was the regent of the Kingdom of Rohilkhand from 1749 to 1774. He was a Pashtun by origin, ruling on behalf of the sons of Ali Mohammed Khan. Hafiz Rahmat Khan served throughout the reigns of three Mughal Emperors: Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Alamgir II and Shah Alam II. He was also a mentor of Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.

Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Ahmad Shah Bahadur (Persian: احمد شاه بهادر, 23 December 1725 – 1 January 1775), also known as Mirza Ahmad Shah or Mujahid-ud-Din Ahmad Shah Ghazi, was the fourteenth Mughal emperor from 1748 to 1754. Born to Emperor Muhammad Shah, he succeeded his father to the throne in 1748, at the age of 22. When Ahmed Shah Bahadur came to power, the Mughal Empire was in decline. Furthermore, his administrative weakness eventually led to the rise of the usurping Imad-ul-Mulk.

As a Prince, he defeated Ahmed Shah Abdali in the Battle of Manupur in 1748, Ahmed Shah Bahadur inherited a much weakened Mughal state as emperor for six years, but left all affairs of state to rivalling factions. He was deposed by the Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk and later blinded along with his mother. He spent the remaining years of his life in prison and died in 1775.
Massachusetts Route 110
Route 110 is a 69.24-mile-long (111.43 km) southwest–northeast state route in the U.S. state of  Massachusetts. Route 110's western terminus is at a concurrency of Route 12 and Route 140 in West Boylston, and its eastern terminus is at the junction of U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and Route 1A in Sailsbury, a few miles from the Atlantic Ocean. Route 110 provides an alternate route for the northern part (north of Route 2) of Interstate 495 (I-495).

Salisbury, Massachusetts
Salisbury is a small coastal beach town and summer tourist destination in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The community is a popular summer resort beach town situated on the Atlantic Ocean, north of Boston on the New Hampshire border. It is home to the new Salisbury Beach Boardwalk, full of souvenir shops, restaurants, cafes, arcades and panoramic views of the Atlantic Ocean. The population was 9,236 at the 2020 census. Parts of town comprise the census-designated place of Salisbury.