hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solar eclipse of January 26, 2047
A partial solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Friday, January 25 and Saturday, January 26, 2047, with a magnitude of 0.8907. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This will be the first of four partial solar eclipses in 2047, with the others occurring on June 23, July 22, and December 16.

The partial solar eclipse will be visible for parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and southwestern Alaska.

Solar eclipse of December 16, 2047
A partial solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Monday, December 16 and Tuesday, December 17, 2047, with a magnitude of 0.8816. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This will be the last of four partial solar eclipses in 2047, with the others occurring on January 26, June 23, and July 22.

The partial solar eclipse will be visible for parts of Antarctica, southern Chile, and southern Argentina.
Project Mars: A Technical Tale
Project Mars: A Technical Tale is the English translation of an unpublished German-language science fiction novel written by German-American rocket physicist Wernher von Braun (1912–1977) in 1949. Von Braun’s original title for the work was Marsprojekt. Henry J. White (1892–1962) translated it into English. In 2006, almost 30 years after von Braun’s death, Apogee Books (Canada) published White’s translation as Project Mars: A Technical Tale. As of 2025, the original German text remains unpublished.

Set in the 1980s, the novel describes the first human mission to Mars and its encounter with benevolent Martians there. Although the novel was not published for 57 years, von Braun’s appendix to it, which gives technical specifications for an expedition to Mars, was published in English in 1953 by the University of Illinois Press as The Mars Project.

The Mars Project
The Mars Project (German: Das Marsprojekt) is a 1952 non-fiction scientific book by the German (later German-American) rocket physicist, astronautics engineer and space architect Wernher von Braun. It was translated from the original German by Henry J. White and first published in English by the University of Illinois Press in 1953.

The Mars Project is a technical specification for a human expedition to Mars. It was written by von Braun in 1948 and was the first "technically comprehensive design" for such an expedition. The book has been described as "the most influential book on planning human missions to Mars".
START II
START II (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States and Russia on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. It was signed by US president George H. W. Bush and Russian president Boris Yeltsin on 3 January 1993, banning the use of multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs) on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). Hence, it is often cited as the De-MIRV-ing Agreement.

It was ratified by the US Senate on 26 January 1996 with a vote of 87–4. Russia ratified START II on 14 April 2000, making it conditional on preserving the ABM Treaty. When the US withdrew from the ABM Treaty on 13 June 2002, Russia withdrew from START II one day later. Thus, START II never entered into effect.

Instead, SORT came into effect, which reduced the strategic warheads count per country to 1,700–2,200.

Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
The Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Strategic Offensive Reductions (SORT), also known as the Treaty of Moscow, was a strategic arms reduction treaty between the United States and Russia that was in force from June 2003 until February 2011 when it was superseded by the New START treaty.

At the time, SORT was positioned as "represent[ing] an important element of the new strategic relationship" between the two countries with both parties agreeing to limit their nuclear arsenal to between 1,700 and 2,200 operationally deployed warheads each. It was signed in Moscow on 24 May 2002.

After ratification by the U.S. Senate and the State Duma, SORT came into force on 1 June 2003. It would have expired on 31 December 2012 if not superseded by New START. Either party could have withdrawn from the treaty upon giving three months written notice to the other.
Dramyin Cham
Dramyin Cham (Dzongkha: Dramnyen Cham) is a form of Cham dance, a masked and costumed dance performed in Tibetan Buddhism ceremonies in Bhutan, Sikkim, Himalayan West Bengal and Tibet (where they have been outlawed). They are a focal point of the Bhutanese festivals of Tsechu. The Dramyin Cham is notable among Cham dances as the lead dancer keeps time with a dramyin - a Himalayan folk music lute, and not a traditional percussion instrument like the cymbals. This is among the few instances of monastic music in the Himalayas where the use of a stringed instrument has been observed.

Cham dance
The cham dance (Tibetan: འཆམ་, Wylie: 'cham) is a lively masked and costumed dance associated with some sects of Tibetan Buddhism and Buddhist festivals. The dance is accompanied by music played by monks using traditional Tibetan musical instruments. The dances often offer moral instruction relating to karuṇā (compassion) for sentient beings and are held to bring merit to all who perceive them.

Chams are considered a form of meditation and an offering to the gods. The leader of the cham is typically a musician, keeping time with a percussion instrument like cymbals, the one exception being Dramyin Cham, where time is kept using dramyin.

The term "devil dance" was an early 20th century description of the performance, derived from Western perceptions of the costumes worn by performers.
Bloch MB.210
The Bloch MB.210 and MB.211 were the successors of the French Bloch MB.200 bomber developed by Société des Avions Marcel Bloch in the 1930s and differed primarily in being low wing monoplanes rather than high wing monoplanes.

Bloch MB.200
The MB.200 was a French bomber aircraft of the 1930s designed and built by Societé des Avions Marcel Bloch.  A twin-engined high-winged monoplane with a fixed undercarriage, over 200 MB.200s were built for the French Air Force, and the type was also licence built by Czechoslovakia, but it soon became obsolete, and was largely phased out by the start of the Second World War.
H. C. Loc
Matthew Knowles (born October 8, 1974) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name H. C. Loc. He is perhaps best known for his tenure in Ring of Honor, where he is a one-time ROH World Tag Team Champion with Tony DeVito as one-half of the Carnage Crew.

Tony DeVito
Anthony DeVito (born January 20, 1972) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known as Tony DeVito or simply DeVito. He is best known for his appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling as part of Da Baldies and with Ring of Honor as part of the Carnage Crew.
Multiuser DOS
Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers.

An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by Digital Research and acquired and further developed by Novell in 1991. Its ancestry lies in the earlier Digital Research 8-bit operating systems CP/M and MP/M, and the 16-bit single-tasking CP/M-86 which evolved from CP/M.

When Novell abandoned Multiuser DOS in 1992, the three master value-added resellers (VARs) DataPac Australasia, Concurrent Controls and Intelligent Micro Software were allowed to take over and continued independent development into Datapac Multiuser DOS and System Manager, CCI Multiuser DOS, and IMS Multiuser DOS and REAL/32.

The FlexOS line, which evolved from Concurrent DOS 286 and Concurrent DOS 68K, was sold off to Integrated Systems, Inc. (ISI) in July 1994.

MP/M
MP/M (Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program) is a discontinued multi-user version of the CP/M operating system, created by Digital Research developer Tom Rolander in 1979. It allowed multiple users to connect to a single computer, each using a separate terminal.

MP/M was a fairly advanced operating system for its era, at least on microcomputers. It included a priority-scheduled multitasking kernel (before such a name was used, the kernel was referred to as the nucleus) with memory protection, concurrent input/output (XIOS) and support for spooling and queueing. It also allowed for each user to run multiple programs, and switch between them.
Romulus (moon)
Romulus, formal designation 87 Sylvia I, is the outer and larger moon of the main-belt asteroid 87 Sylvia. It follows an almost-circular and close-to-equatorial orbit around the asteroid. In this respect it is similar to the other Sylvian moon Remus.

Remus (moon)
Remus, formal designation 87 Sylvia II, is the inner and smaller moon of the main-belt asteroid 87 Sylvia. It follows an almost-circular and close-to-equatorial orbit around the parent asteroid. In this respect it is similar to the other Sylvian moon Romulus.
Rowan of the Bukshah
Rowan of the Bukshah (titled Rowan and the Ice Creepers in North America) is a 2003 children's fantasy novel by Australian author Emily Rodda.

It is the fifth and final book in the Rowan of Rin series.

Rowan of Rin
Rowan of Rin is a series of five children's fantasy novels by an Australian author Emily Rodda. It follows the adventures of a shy village boy, Rowan. The series was first published in Australia in 1993 by Omnibus Books, a corporate division of Scholastic. When Scholastic released Emily Rodda's Star of Deltora fantasy series, the Rowan of Rin series was revealed to be part of the world of Deltora, and the lands mentioned in the books are islands located to the west of Deltora. This makes Rowan of Rin the fourth series set in the world of Deltora, sixth if you count the collective Deltora Quest series as three separate series. The other series are Deltora Quest (Deltora Quest, Deltora Quest 2 and Deltora Quest 3), the Three Doors trilogy and Star of Deltora.
Martin-Baker MB 2
The Martin-Baker MB 2 was a British private-venture fighter prototype based on a simple basic structure that had been developed in the earlier MB 1 civil aircraft. Although briefly evaluated as a fighter by the Royal Air Force, the MB 2 was limited in design potential and never entered series production.

Martin-Baker MB 1
The Martin-Baker MB 1 was a British low-wing light aircraft, designed and constructed in the 1930s, the first aircraft design of the Martin-Baker company to be built. While not a fighter itself, the design would heavily influence Martin-Baker’s WWII-era prototype fighters, the MB 2, the MB 3, and the MB 5 .
Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase theory
Vehicular traffic can be either free or congested. Traffic occurs in time and space, i.e., it is a spatiotemporal process. However, usually traffic can be measured only at some road locations (for example, via road detectors, video cameras, probe vehicle data, or phone data). For efficient traffic control and other intelligent transportation systems, the reconstruction of traffic congestion is necessary at all other road locations at which traffic measurements are not available. Traffic congestion can be reconstructed in space and time (Fig. 1) based on Boris Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory with the use of the ASDA and FOTO models introduced by Kerner. Kerner's three-phase traffic theory and, respectively, the ASDA/FOTO models are based on some common spatiotemporal features of traffic congestion observed in measured traffic data.

Three-phase traffic theory
Three-phase traffic theory is a theory of traffic flow developed by Boris Kerner between 1996 and 2002. It focuses mainly on the explanation of the physics of traffic breakdown and resulting congested traffic on highways. Kerner describes three phases of traffic, while the classical theories based on the fundamental diagram of traffic flow have two phases: free flow and congested traffic. Kerner's theory divides congested traffic into two distinct phases, synchronized flow and wide moving jam, bringing the total number of phases to three:

Free flow (F)

Synchronized flow (S)

Wide moving jam (J)

The word "wide" is used even though it is the length of the traffic jam that is being referred to.

A phase is defined as a state in space and time.
Rouge River (Noire River tributary)
The Rouge River (in French: Rivière Rouge) is a tributary of the Noire River (Yamaska River tributary). It flows in the municipalities of Bonsecours and Lawrenceville, in the Le Val-Saint-François Regional County Municipality (MRC), on the South Shore of the Saint Lawrence River, in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, Canada.

Noire River (Yamaska River tributary)
The Noire River (French: rivière Noire, in English: Black River) is the most important tributary of the Yamaska River. The Black River flows on the South Shore of the Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada, passing through the municipalities of:

MRC Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Estrie:

Stukely-Sud,

MRC Le Val-Saint-François Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Estrie:

Sainte-Anne-de-la-Rochelle,

Lawrenceville,

Valcourt,

Maricourt,

MRC of Acton Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Montérégie

Sainte-Christine

Roxton

Roxton Falls

Acton Vale

Saint-Théodore-d'Acton

Upton

MRC Les Maskoutains Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Montérégie

Saint-Valérien-de-Milton

Saint-Pie

MRC of La Haute-Yamaska Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Montérégie

Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton
Leka, Prince of Albania
Leka, Prince of Albania (Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu, born 26 March 1982) is the current head of the House of Zogu, the royal family of Albania.

He was born on 26 March 1982, at Mediclinic Sandton Hospital, in Johannesburg, South Africa, and is the only child of Leka, Crown Prince of Albania and his wife Susan, Crown Princess of Albania. He is the only grandchild of King Zog I of the Albanians, succeeding as head of the royal house upon the death of his father in 2011. He has worked as an official at the country's interior and foreign ministries. He also served as a political advisor to the Albanian President from 2012 to 2013.

In May 2010, Leka became engaged to Elia Zaharia, an Albanian actress and singer. They married on 8 October 2016 in Tirana. In January 2024, they revealed they were getting a divorce.

Susan Cullen-Ward
Susan, Crown Princess of Albania (née Susan Barbara Cullen-Ward, formerly Williams; 28 January 1941 – 17 July 2004) was the Australian-born wife of Leka, Crown Prince of Albania.

Her husband, known as King Leka, had been proclaimed King of the Albanians by the anti-communist Albanian government-in-exile in 1961, upon the death of his father King Zog. Meanwhile, Albania itself was a communist republic.
Opasnet
Opasnet is a web-workspace for making open assessments, which are impact assessments where anyone can freely participate and contribute. Opasnet is a wiki website and it is built on MediaWiki platform. It is currently maintained and developed by the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland. Opasnet has won the World Summit Award Finland competition, the eGovernment and Institutions category.

Open assessment
Open assessment is a method for making impact assessments where anyone can participate and contribute. Most open assessments have been made in Opasnet, which is a wiki-based web-workspace specifically designed for this purpose. The open assessment method has been developed in the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL, Finnish: Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos) in Finland originally for providing guidance in complex environmental health problems. So far, it has been applied on e.g. air pollution and pollutants in fish.  Opasnet has won the World Summit Award Finland competition, the eGovernment and Institutions category.
Colonial Heights, Tennessee
Colonial Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States. It is located within the city of Kingsport.

The population was 3,055 at the 2020 census down from 6,934 at the 2010 census, due to annexation by the city of Kingsport.

It is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area, commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.
Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia
Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia (Russian: Дми́трий Константи́нович; 13 June 1860 – 28 January 1919) was a son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia. He followed a military career. Although he never played any political role, as a relative of Tsar Nicholas II, he was executed by firing squad at the walls of Peter and Paul Fortress during the Russian Civil War.

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia
Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (Russian: Вели́кий князь Константи́н Никола́евич; 21 September 1827 – 25 January 1892) was the Emperor's Viceroy of Poland from 1862 to 1863 and a general admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.
Park Quay
The disused Park Quay or Fulton's Quay (NS 47436 70692) is located on the old Lands of Park, situated on the south bank of the River Clyde in the Parish of Inchinnan, close to Newshot Island and the old Rashielee Quay. A slipway is also part of the infrastructure, giving access to the dock at low tide, both once served by roads running through the Park Estate from the south. It was recorded as Fulton's Quay in 1830, the name of a previous owner of the Park Estate who may have built it prior to 1801. A fixed light was installed at Park Quay in 1869.

Newshot Island
Newshot Island or Newshot Isle was an island about 50 acres (20 ha) in extent lying in the estuarine waters of the River Clyde close to Park Quay in the Parish of Inchinnan, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Due to silting, etc. it has become part of the southern, Renfrewshire side, of the river bank and is used for grazing cattle and as a nature reserve.

The Scots word 'shot' or its spelling variants was an ancient unit for a division of land or alternatively a projecting area of land, a peninsula. A 'Shot' also has the meaning of a place where fishing-nets were generally used and, in salmon fishing terminology, a part of the river from which nets were cast.
National Highway 147 (India)
National Highway 147, commonly referred to as NH 147 is a national highway in  India. It runs from NH48 at Gandhinagar to NH47 at Doliya. The Sarkhej–Gandhinagar Highway is part of this NH147. NH147 covers  distance of 217 kilometres (135 mi) running via Sarkkhej, Sanand, Viramgam, Malvan, Surendranagar & Muli.

National Highway 48 (India)
National Highway 48 (NH 48) is a major National Highway of India that starts at Delhi and terminates at Chennai, traversing through seven states of India. It has a total length of 2807 km (1744 miles). NH 48 passes through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The stretch between Pune and Bengaluru was known as P.B. Road in olden days.

Its stretch from Delhi to Mumbai was earlier designated as NH 8, and the stretch between Mumbai and Chennai was designated, NH 4 before all the national highways were renumbered in the year 2010.
Stylolite
Stylolites (Greek: stylos, pillar; lithos, stone) are serrated surfaces within a rock mass at which mineral material has been removed by pressure dissolution, in a deformation process that decreases the total volume of rock. Minerals which are insoluble in water, such as clays, pyrite and oxides, as well as insoluble organic matter, remain within the stylolites and make them visible. Sometimes host rocks contain no insoluble minerals, in which case stylolites can be recognized by change in texture of the rock.  They occur most commonly in homogeneous rocks, carbonates, cherts, sandstones, but they can be found in certain igneous rocks and ice. Their size vary from microscopic contacts between two grains (microstylolites) to large structures up to 20 m in length and up to 10 m in amplitude in ice.  Stylolites usually form parallel to bedding, because of overburden pressure, but they can be oblique or even perpendicular to bedding, as a result of tectonic activity.

Pressure solution
In structural geology and diagenesis, pressure solution or pressure dissolution is a deformation mechanism that involves the dissolution of minerals at grain-to-grain contacts into an aqueous pore fluid in areas of relatively high stress and either deposition in regions of relatively low stress within the same rock or their complete removal from the rock within the fluid. It is an example of diffusive mass transfer.

The detailed kinetics of the process was reviewed by Rutter (1976), and since then such kinetics has been used in
many applications in earth sciences.
Kunar Valley
Kunar Valley is a valley in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Afghanistan the length of the valley is almost entirely narrow with steep and rugged mountains on both sides.  The center of the valley is occupied by the Kunar River flowing south where it joins the Kabul River.  Subsistence farming and goat-herding are the extent of agriculture production on the valley floor and lower elevations.  There are limited and small forested areas in some side valleys but more than 95% of the valley has been deforested. In limited areas at higher elevations there are sustained grassy mountain meadows.  Overwhelmingly though the Kunar Valley is an arid, rocky, steep landscape with a fast-moving muddy river as its primary geographic feature.

Chitral River
The Chitral River, also known in Afghanistan as the Kunar River, is a 480 kilometres (300 mi) long river  in northern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. It originates from the Chiantar glacier, located at the border of Gilgit Baltistan and Chitral in Pakistan. At Arandu it enters into Afghanistan, where it is called the Kunar River. It later merges with Kabul river in Nangahar Province of Afghanistan. The river system is fed by melting glaciers and snow of the Hindu Kush mountains. The Chitral River serves as a major tributary of the Kabul river, which is in turn a tributary of the Indus River in Pakistan.