hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aphthovirus
Aphthovirus (from the Greek ἄφθα, aphtha, 'vesicles in the mouth') is a viral genus of the family Picornaviridae. Aphthoviruses infect split-hooved animals, and include the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). There are seven FMDV serotypes: A, O, C, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3 and Asia 1, and four non-FMDV serotypes belonging to three additional species Bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) and Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV).

Foot-and-mouth disease virus
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a virus in the genus Aphthovirus that causes foot-and-mouth disease in cattle. As a member of the family Picornaviridae, FMDV is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Like other members of the picornavirus family, FMDV is small and unenveloped, with an icosahedral capsid.

The virus causes foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious disease affecting cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and other cloven-hoofed animals. Foot-and-mouth disease causes fever and the formation of vesicles (blisters) in infected animals, which form in the mouth and on the feet and teats. While the disease is usually nonfatal to adult livestock, survivors are left in a weakened state which impacts both meat and milk production, making outbreaks very costly and disruptive to agricultural production overall.
County Route C65 (Nassau County, New York)
County Route C65 (CR C65) is a major, 0.76-mile (1.22 km) county highway located in the incorporated village of Roslyn, in Nassau County, New York.

CR C65 consists of East Broadway and a portion of Old Northern Boulevard. It is owned by Nassau County and maintained by the Nassau County Department of Public Works.

Roslyn, New York
Roslyn (/ˈrɒzlɪn/ ROZ-lin) is a village in the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. It is the Greater Roslyn area's anchor community. The population was 2,988 at the time of the 2020 census.
Fish and chips
Fish and chips is a hot dish consisting of battered and fried fish, served with chips. Often considered the national dish of the United Kingdom, fish and chips originated in England in the 19th century. Today, the dish is a common takeaway food in numerous other countries, particularly English-speaking and Commonwealth nations.

Fish-and-chip shops first appeared in the UK in the 1860s, and by 1910 there were over 25,000 of them across the UK. This increased to over 35,000 by the 1930s, but eventually decreased to approximately 10,000 by 2009. The British government safeguarded the supply of fish and chips during the First World War and again in the Second World War. It was one of the few foods in the UK not subject to rationing during the wars, which further contributed to its popularity.

Potato chips
Potato chips (North American and Australian English; often just chips) or crisps (British and Irish English) are thin slices of potato (or a thin deposit of potato paste) that have been deep-fried, baked, or air-fried until crunchy. They are commonly served as a snack, appetizer or side dish. Basic potato chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various seasonings, flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors, and additives.

Potato chips form a large part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries. The global potato chip market generated total revenue of US$16.49 billion in 2005. This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year (which was $46.1 billion overall).
Faqqua
Faqqu'a (Arabic: فقوعة) is a village on the northern West Bank, known for its cactus fruits, located along the Green Line on the Gilboa ridge. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 3,490 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 4,410 in 2017, an exclusively Muslim population. The village belongs to the Jenin Governorate.

Deir Ghazaleh
Deir Ghazaleh (Arabic: دير غزالة) is a Palestinian village in the northern West Bank,  located nine kilometers northeast of Jenin in the Jenin Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Deir Ghazaleh had a population of over 850 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 1,129 in 2017, mostly Muslims with a small Christian minority.
Whey
Whey, also known as milk serum, is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a byproduct of the manufacturing of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses. Sweet whey is a byproduct of the making of rennet types of hard cheese, like cheddar or Swiss cheese. Acid whey (also known as sour whey) is a byproduct of the making of acidic dairy products such as strained yogurt.

Whey proteins consist of β-lactoglobulin (48%–58%), α-lactalbumin (13%–19%), Glycomacropeptide (12%–20%), bovine serum albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulins and several minor whey proteins.

Curdling
Curdling is the breaking of an emulsion or colloid into large parts of different composition through the physio-chemical processes of flocculation, creaming, and coalescence. Curdling is purposeful in the production of cheese curd and tofu, but undesirable in the production of a sauce, cheese fondue or a custard.
Fister Municipality
Fister is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 47-square-kilometre (18 sq mi) municipality existed from 1884 until 1965.  It was located in what is now the present-day municipalities of Stavanger and Hjelmeland.  The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Fister, where the Fister Church is located.  The municipality encompassed the western coast of mainland along the Fisterfjorden plus the islands to the west of the mainland, including the western part of Randøy and Halsnøya.

Fister
Fister is a village in Hjelmeland municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is a small community of approximately 600 inhabitants and is located on the mainland, along the Fisterfjorden, a branch off the main Boknafjorden.  The village lies about eight kilometres (5 mi) northwest of the village of Årdal and about ten kilometres (6 mi) southwest of the municipal centre of Hjelmelandsvågen.

Fister has the highest average temperature in Norway. It is visited by many tourists each year and is famous for the beautiful nature and fishing in the fjords.
John Winthrop Chanler
John Winthrop Chanler (September 14, 1826 – October 19, 1877) was a New York lawyer and a U.S. Representative from New York. He was a member of the Stuyvesant family and married Margaret Astor Ward, a member of the Astor family.

William A. Chanler
William Astor Chanler (June 11, 1867 – March 4, 1934) was an American soldier, explorer, and politician who served as U.S. Representative from New York. He was a member of the Astor family and the Stuyvesant family. After spending several years exploring East Africa, he embarked on a brief political career. Chanler regarded it as an American obligation to be on the side of the people who fought for their independence, and during his life he participated in rebellions and independence struggles in Cuba, Libya, and Somalia. He provided support for insurgents in Venezuela, Turkey, and China. He maintained an active lifestyle even after losing his right leg in 1915. Late in life, he became a novelist and an outspoken antisemite.
Gabriel Camargo Salamanca
Gabriel Camargo Salamanca (23 May 1942 – 21 November 2022) was a Colombian businessman and sports director who worked in politics as a departmental deputy, municipal councilor and senator of the republic. At the start of the 2020s he was the largest shareholder of Deportes Tolima.

Deportes Tolima
Club Deportes Tolima S.A., commonly known as Deportes Tolima, or simply as Tolima, is a Colombian professional football club based in Ibagué, Tolima Department, that competes in the Categoría Primera A.

Founded in 1954, the club has won the Colombian top tier thrice: in the 2003–II, 2018–I, and 2021–I tournaments, one Copa Colombia in 2014 and one Superliga Colombiana in 2022. They play their home games at Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro.
KIWR
KIWR (89.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an alternative format. Based in Council Bluffs, Iowa, the station serves the Omaha Metro area. The station is licensed to Iowa Western Community College. The station has broadcast alternative rock since January 1, 1996. Prior to that, it played classical music and jazz.

Iowa Western Community College
Iowa Western Community College is a public community college in Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States. The college was founded in 1966 and offers 84 programs in both vocational and technical areas as well as in liberal arts. It is also home to a flight school.
Sigma Films
Sigma Films  is a film production company based in Glasgow, Scotland. The company was formed in 1996 by Gillian Berrie, David Mackenzie and Alastair Mackenzie – a producer, director and actor respectively. Over the last twenty years the company has been responsible for film releases including Starred Up (2013),  Under the Skin (2013), Perfect Sense (2011), Hallam Foe (2007), Red Road (2006), Young Adam (2003) and Dear Frankie (2004). In 2017, Sigma began production on big-budget historical epic Outlaw King for Netflix.

The company regularly co-produces films with international partners such as Lars von Trier's company Zentropa Entertainments – including Dogville (2003), Manderlay (2005), After the Wedding (2006), Dear Wendy (2004), Brothers (2004) and Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself (2002).

Sigma have their production and post-production facility at Film City Glasgow.

Gillian Berrie
Gillian Berrie is a Scottish film producer and co-founder of the Glasgow-based production company Sigma Films with director David Mackenzie.

Berrie set up Film City Glasgow, creative cluster for production, picture and sound which spearheads independent production in Scotland. She also set up Jumpcut project which aimed to give young and underprivileged people access to working in the film industry through a pop-up film school that created an intensive, mentor-lead fast track into the industry.
This was followed by Sharp Shorts which has produced 9 short films in 2020/21, with another nine to follow.
Mattei family
The House of Mattei was one of the most powerful noble families of Rome during the Middle Ages and early modern era, holding high positions in the papal curia and government office. The family amassed significant art collections under art enthusiasts such as Ciriaco Mattei.

The Mattei gave eight Cardinals to the Catholic Church, among them  Girolamo Mattei (1586), Gaspare Mattei (1643), Alessandro Mattei (1803), Mario Mattei (1832), Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei (1833) and (as late as 1875) Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei.  The founder of one powerful branch of the Mattei was Giovanni Giacomo Mattei.

Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei
Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei (29 May 1748, Rome - 24 July 1833) was an Italian cardinal from the house of Mattei. He was promoted to cardinal by pope Gregory XVI in the consistory of 15 April 1833. He was also nominal Latin Patriarch of Antioch.
GeForce RTX 50 series
The GeForce RTX 50 series of consumer graphics cards is the successor of Nvidia's GeForce 40 series. Announced at CES 2025, it debuted with the release of the RTX 5070, RTX 5080 and RTX 5090 in January 2025. It is based on Nvidia's Blackwell architecture featuring Nvidia RTX's fourth-generation RT cores for hardware-accelerated real-time ray tracing, and fifth-generation deep learning–focused Tensor Cores. The GPUs are manufactured by TSMC on a custom 4N process node.

Deep Learning Super Sampling
Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS) is a suite of real-time deep learning image enhancement and upscaling technologies developed by Nvidia that are available in a number of video games. The goal of these technologies is to allow the majority of the graphics pipeline to run at a lower resolution for increased performance, and then infer a higher resolution image from this that approximates the same level of detail as if the image had been rendered at this higher resolution. This allows for higher graphical settings or frame rates for a given output resolution, depending on user preference.

All generations of DLSS are available on all RTX-branded cards from Nvidia in supported titles. However, the Frame Generation feature is only supported on RTX 40 series GPUs or newer and Multi Frame Generation is only available on 50 series GPUs.
Zia Yusuf
Muhammad Ziauddin Yusuf (born October 1986) is a British businessman and politician of Sri Lankan origin who currently serves Reform UK’s Spokesperson for Home Affairs. He has been Head of Policy for Reform UK since September 2025. Previously he was the head of Reform UK’s Department of Government Efficiency from June 2025 until October 2025, and as Chairman of Reform UK from July 2024 until his resignation in June 2025. He was a member of the Conservative Party until August 2024.

Chairman of Reform UK
The chairman of Reform UK (formerly the Brexit Party) is a position within Reform UK, a political party in the United Kingdom. The office has been held by David Bull since June 2025. The role is appointed by the Leader of Reform UK.
Esha Tewari
Esha Tewari is an Australian singer-songwriter. She has released the EPs I Can, Better Off, Wraith, and What Makes A Girl. In February 2026, she will perform as an opening act on Conan Gray's Wishbone tour.

Conan Gray
Conan Lee Gray (born December 5, 1998) is an American singer, songwriter  and former YouTuber. He was born in Lemon Grove, California, and raised in Georgetown, Texas, where he began uploading vlogs, covers, and original songs to YouTube as a teenager. In 2018, Gray signed a record deal with Republic Records, which released his debut EP, Sunset Season (2018).

Bolstered by the commercially successful songs "Maniac" and "Heather", his studio album Kid Krow (2020) debuted at No. 5 on the U.S. Billboard 200, making it the biggest U.S. artist debut of the year. His second studio album, Superache (2022), debuted in the top 10 in the U.S., the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and the Netherlands. His third studio album Found Heaven was released in 2024 and debuted at No. 14 on the U.S.  Billboard 200. His fourth studio album, Wishbone, was released on August 15, 2025 and became his first project to enter the top three of the Billboard 200 chart, debuting at No. 3.
Todd Sauerbrun
Todd Scott Sauerbrun (/ˈsaʊ.ərbrən/; born January 4, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons. He played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American in 1994. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the second round of the 1995 NFL draft, and also played for the Kansas City Chiefs, Carolina Panthers, Denver Broncos, and New England Patriots of the NFL, and the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League (UFL).

West Virginia Mountaineers football
The West Virginia Mountaineers football team represents West Virginia University (WVU) in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of college football. West Virginia plays its home games at Milan Puskar Stadium on the campus of West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia. The Mountaineers have won or shared a total of 15 conference championships, including eight Southern Conference titles and seven Big East Conference titles. The Mountaineers compete in the Big 12 Conference.
John M. Clayton (Arkansas politician)
John Middleton Clayton (October 13, 1840 – January 29, 1889) was an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for Jefferson County from 1871 to 1873 and the Arkansas State Senate for Jefferson County. In 1888, he ran for a seat in the United States House of Representatives but lost to Clifton R. Breckinridge. Clayton challenged the results and was assassinated in 1889 during the challenge to the election. He was declared the winner of the election posthumously. The identity of his assassin remains unknown.

He was the brother of Arkansas Governor and U.S. Senator Powell Clayton, President Judge of the Thirty-Second Judicial District of Pennsylvania Thomas J. Clayton and twin-brother to U.S. Attorney W.H.H. Clayton.

Clifton R. Breckinridge
Clifton Rodes Breckinridge (November 22, 1846 – December 3, 1932) was an American politician who served as a Democratic Party alderman, U.S. representative, diplomat, and businessman. He also served in both the Confederate States Army and Confederate States Navy in the American Civil War. He was a member of the prominent Breckinridge family, the son of Vice President of the United States and Confederate general John C. Breckinridge and the great-grandson of U.S. Senator and Attorney General of the United States John Breckinridge.
Queen Gyeongsu
Queen Gyeongsu (경수왕후 김씨; 725–?), also known as Lady Manwol (만월부인), was the queen regent of Silla between 765 and 780.

She was the second consort of king Gyeongdeok of Silla and the mother of king Hyegong of Silla, and ruled during his minority. In 768, she received title of queen mother sent from the Tang Emperor as a diplomatic gift to her son. The queen mother regent was however not able to control the unstable political situation. In 780, her son and his queen consort were killed during a rebellion. It is not documented what happened to the king's mother and regent.

Gyeongdeok of Silla
Gyeongdeok (景德; 723~724–765) was the 35th ruler of Silla and son of King Seongdeok (reigned 702–737). He succeeded his elder brother, King Hyoseong, the 34th ruler of Silla. His reign is considered a golden age in Unified Silla's history, particularly for Buddhist art and architecture. He is noted as an avid patron of Buddhism and an influential political and religious individual. King Gyeongdeok also made attempts to centralize the country through reorganizing government and standardizing naming practices. With his mother as regent, Gyeongdeok's son, King Hyegong, succeeded him after his death.
Lu Edmonds
Robert David "Lu" Edmonds (born 9 September 1957) is an English rock and folk musician. He is currently, as of 2018, a vocalist and saz and cümbüş player in the Mekons and the guitarist for Public Image Ltd. Edmonds reportedly plays electric guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, bouzouki, saz, cümbüs, oud, and drums, among other instruments.

Cümbüş
The cümbüş (/dʒuːmˈbuːʃ/; Turkish pronunciation: [dʒymˈbyʃ]) is a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin. It was developed in 1930 by Zeynel Abidin Cümbüş as an oud-like instrument that could be heard as part of a larger ensemble.

The cümbüş is shaped like an American banjo, with a spun-aluminum resonator bowl and skin soundboard. Although originally configured as an oud, the instrument has been converted to other instruments by attaching a different set of neck and strings. The standard cümbüş is fretless, but guitar, mandolin and ukulele versions have fretboards. The neck is adjustable, allowing the musician to change the angle of the neck to its strings by turning a screw. One model is made with a wooden resonator bowl, with the effect of a less tinny, softer sound.
Gates Vascular Institute
The Gates Vascular Institute and the University at Buffalo's Clinical and Translational Research Center is a 10-story building at 875 Ellicott St, Buffalo, New York. The Institute is next to Buffalo General Medical Center and opened on May 24, 2012. The building was designed by Mehrdad Yazdani of CannonDesign and offers services for stroke care, cardiac surgery, and vascular services. Project costs were approximately $290,000,000.

Kaleida Health
Kaleida Health, founded in 1998, is a not-for-profit healthcare network that manages five hospitals in the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area. Prior to the merger of member hospitals into the network, it was known as the Millard Fillmore Health System.
David Bolinsky
David Bolinsky (born May 2, 1952) is a former lead medical illustrator at Yale. He is a co-founder of XVIVO, which produced the movie The Inner Life of the Cell for Harvard's Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology.

The Inner Life of the Cell
The Inner Life of the Cell is an 8.5-minute 3D computer graphics animation demonstrating the molecular mechanisms that occur when a white blood cell in the blood vessels of the human body is activated by inflammation (Leukocyte extravasation). It shows how a white blood cell rolls along the inner surface of the capillary, flattens out, and squeezes through the cells of the capillary wall to the site of inflammation where it contributes to the immune reaction.
HMS Erebus (I02)
HMS Erebus was a First World War monitor launched on 19 June 1916 and which served in both world wars. She and her sister ship Terror are known as the Erebus class. They were named after the two bomb vessels sent to investigate the Northwest Passage as part of Franklin's lost expedition (1845–1848), in which all 129 members eventually perished.

Monitors were designed as stable gun platforms with a shallow draught to allow operations close inshore in support of land operations, and were not intended to contest naval battles. Erebus was equipped with two 15 in (381 mm)/42 guns in a single forward turret mounted on a tall barbette to extend the range of fire to 40,000 yd (22.7 mi; 36.6 km).

The Erebus class were designed to outrange German heavy shore batteries and they were also fitted with highly effective anti-torpedo bulges on each side of the hull.

Anti-torpedo bulge
The anti-torpedo bulge (also known as an anti-torpedo blister) is a form of defence against naval torpedoes occasionally employed in warship construction in the period between the First and Second World Wars.  It involved fitting (or retrofitting) partially water-filled compartmentalized sponsons on either side of a ship's hull, intended to detonate torpedoes, absorb their explosions, and contain flooding to damaged areas within the bulges.
Scott English
Sheldon David "Scott" English (January 10, 1937 – November 16, 2018) was an American songwriter, arranger and record producer. He is best known as the co-writer of "Brandy" which he wrote with Richard Kerr. The song became a No. 1 hit for Barry Manilow in 1974, with the title changed to "Mandy". English had also released a single of "Brandy" which reached No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart in November 1971, and entered the US charts in March 1972.

Brandy (Scott English song)
"Brandy", later called "Mandy", is a song written by Scott English and Richard Kerr. It was originally recorded by English in 1971 and reached the top 20 of the UK Singles Chart.

"Brandy" was recorded by New Zealand singer Bunny Walters in 1972, but achieved greater success when released in the United States in 1974 by Barry Manilow. For Manilow's recording, the title changed from "Brandy" to "Mandy" to avoid confusion with Looking Glass's "Brandy (You're a Fine Girl)". His version reached the top of the US Billboard Hot 100. Later, it was recorded by many other artists. The song was a UK number one hit in 2003 for Irish boyband Westlife.