hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chilean Coast Range
The Chilean Coast Range (Spanish: Cordillera de la Costa) is a mountain range that runs from north to south along the Pacific coast of South America parallel to the Andean Mountains, extending from Morro de Arica in the north to Taitao Peninsula, where it ends at the Chile triple junction, in the south. The range has a strong influence on the climate of Chile since it produces a rain shadow to the east. Because of this the vegetation growing on the seaward slopes is much more exuberant than in the interior. Compared to the coastal lowlands and the Intermediate Depression, it is sparsely populated with land use varying from protected areas to grazing and silviculture. The range is present in all Chilean regions, except for Coquimbo Region and Magallanes Region.

Chilean Central Valley
The Central Valley (Spanish: Valle Central), Intermediate Depression, or Longitudinal Valley is the depression running north to south between the Chilean Coastal Range and the Andes Mountains. The Chilean Central Valley extends from the border with Peru to Puerto Montt in southern Chile, with a notable interruption at Norte Chico (27°20'–33°00' S). South of Puerto Montt, the valley has a continuation as a series of marine basins up to the isthmus of Ofqui. Some of Chile's most populous cities lie within the valley including Santiago, Temuco, Rancagua, Talca and Chillán.
Admiralty Signals and Radar Establishment
The Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment (ASRE) originally known as the Experimental Department and later known as the Admiralty Signal Establishment (ASE) was a research organisation of the British Royal Navy established in 1917. It existed until 1959 when it was merged with the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment to form the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE). Its headquarters were located in Haslemere, Surrey, England.

Admiralty Gunnery Establishment
The Admiralty Gunnery Establishment (AGE), originally known as Fire Control Group (ARL) and later known as the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE), was an admiralty research department primarily responsible for Army and Navy gunfire control work between 1931 and 1959.
Victor Atiyeh
Victor George Atiyeh (/əˈtiːjə/; February 20, 1923 – July 20, 2014) was an American politician who served as the 32nd governor of Oregon from 1979 to 1987. He was also the first elected governor of Middle Eastern descent and of Syrian and Lebanese descent in the United States.

Atiyeh was elected in 1978, defeating incumbent Democratic governor Robert W. Straub. He was re-elected against future governor Ted Kulongoski with 61.6% of the vote in 1982, the largest margin in 32 years. Prior to being elected governor, Atiyeh had served continuously in the Oregon legislature since 1959, initially in the House and later in the Senate.

As of 2025, Atiyeh is the most recent Republican to have held the office of Governor of Oregon to date.

Ted Kulongoski
Theodore Ralph Kulongoski (/ˌkʊlənˈɡɒski/ KUUL-ən-GOSS-kee; born November 5, 1940) is an American politician, judge, and lawyer who served as the 36th governor of Oregon from 2003 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly and also served as the state Insurance Commissioner. He was the Attorney General of Oregon from 1993 to 1997 and a justice of the Oregon Supreme Court from 1997 to 2001. Kulongoski has served in all three branches of the Oregon state government.
Leatherhead railway station
Leatherhead railway station is in Leatherhead, Surrey, England. It is managed by Southern, with services provided by them and South Western Railway. It is 18 miles 2 chains (29 km) from London Waterloo.

Two train operating companies serve the station due to its location at the junction of the Victoria or London Bridge – Horsham via Dorking line  and the Waterloo – Guildford line via Wimbledon, Leatherhead and Effingham Junction on the New Guildford Line. Both are secondary routes to the major towns. The two lines were originally constructed and owned by separate railway companies. From 1923 until 1948 they were under the same ownership as part of the Southern Railway. Following nationalisation in 1948 the routes were operated as part of British Railways until 1996.

Dorking railway station
Dorking railway station, also known by National Rail as Dorking (Main), is a railway station in Dorking, Surrey, England. Located on the Mole Valley line, it is 22 miles 8 chains (35.6 km) down the line from London Waterloo (via Wimbledon). The station is one of three that serve the town of Dorking, alongside Dorking Deepdene and Dorking West stations (both on the North Downs Line). Dorking and Dorking Deepdene stations are within walking distance of each other and interchange between them on a through ticket is permitted.

The station is managed by Southern, which is one of two companies serving the station alongside South Western Railway. It has three platforms, numbered 1–3 from left to right when looking towards London; each platform is long enough to accommodate 10 carriages. The platforms are connected by both a subway and a footbridge, with lift access available to all platforms.
Goldwater rule
The Goldwater rule is an eponymous rule established by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in Annotation 7.3 of American Medical Association's (AMA) code of ethics. Section 7 of AMA's Principles of Medical Ethics states that medical doctors have a responsibility to participate in activities contributing to the improvement of the community and the betterment of public health. As a subsection therein, Annotation 7.3 (also known as "Goldwater rule") is addressed to psychiatrists and mandate that, when asked to comment on public figures, they shall refrain from diagnosing, which requires a personal examination and consent. It is named after former U.S. Senator and 1964 Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater.

American Psychiatric Association
38°52′47″N 77°01′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.879713°N 77.025061°W﻿ / 38.879713; -77.025061

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are involved in psychiatric practice, research, and academia representing a diverse population of patients in more than 100 countries. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used mostly in the United States as a guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

The organization has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Sunday Mail (Scotland)
The Sunday Mail is a Scottish tabloid newspaper published every Sunday.  It is the sister paper of the Daily Record and is owned by Reach plc.

It should not be confused with The Mail on Sunday; the Daily Mail was unable to use the title Sunday Mail when it launched a Sunday edition in 1982 because of the Scottish paper.

Daily Record (Scotland)
The Daily Record is a Scottish national tabloid newspaper based in Glasgow. The newspaper is published Monday–Saturday and its website is updated on an hourly basis, seven days a week. The Record's sister title is the Sunday Mail. Both are owned by Reach plc and have a close kinship with the UK-wide Daily Mirror.

The Record covers UK news and sport with a Scottish focus. Its website boasts the largest readership of any publisher based in Scotland. The paper was at the forefront of technological advances in publishing throughout the 20th century and became the first European daily newspaper to be produced in full colour.

As the Record's print circulation has declined in line with other national papers, it has focused increasing attention on expanding its digital news operation.

Neil McIntosh was announced as the latest editor of the Daily Record in August 2025.
Xylocopa sonorina
Xylocopa sonorina, the valley carpenter bee or Hawaiian carpenter bee, is a species of carpenter bee found from western Texas to northern California, and the eastern Pacific islands. Females are black while males are golden-brown with green eyes.

Carpenter bee
Carpenter bees are species in the genus Xylocopa of the subfamily Xylocopinae. The genus includes some 500 bees in 31 subgenera. The common name "carpenter bee" derives from their nesting behavior; nearly all species burrow into hard plant material such as dead wood or bamboo. The main exceptions are species in the subgenus Proxylocopa, which dig nesting tunnels in suitable soil.

Linnaeus named the type species Apis violacea 'violet bee' in the Systema Naturae,: 578  and Latreille described the genus Xylocopa, romanized Ancient Greek: ξυλοκόπος, lit. 'wood-cutter', in his Natural history, general and particular of the crustaceans and insects,: 379  to which the type species was reassigned.
Mandor rebellion
The Mandor rebellion (Chinese: 工頭叛亂) in 1884 and 1885, also called the Third Kongsi War, was an uprising of ethnic Chinese, helped by the Dayaks, against the Dutch East Indies government in present-day West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mandor can be translated to foreman in Indonesian language.

This was the Dutch view of events - i.e. as an area already under Dutch rule, where that rule was threatened by an uprising. The insurgents appear to have seen things differently, evidently considering themselves as the last-ditch defenders of the overwhelmingly Chinese Lanfang Republic, a kongsi federation that had existed in the area since the late 18th Century, upholding it against a Dutch invasion which put a final end to its existence in 1884-85.

Lanfang Republic
The Lanfang Republic (Chinese: 蘭芳共和國; pinyin: Lánfāng Gònghéguó, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Làn-fông Khiung-fò-koet), also known as Lanfang Company (Chinese: 蘭芳公司; pinyin: Lánfāng Gōngsī), was a Kongsi republic in Western Borneo in the territory of Sultanate of Sambas. It was established by a Hakka Chinese named Luo Fangbo in 1777 until it was ended by Dutch occupation in 1884.
Mount Tsurugi (Toyama)
Mount Tsurugi (剱岳, Tsurugi-dake) is a mountain located in the eastern area of Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the tallest peaks in the Hida Mountains at 2,999 m (9,839 ft). It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, and is called "the most dangerous mountain" climbable.

Tsurugi has a number of routes which approach world class long routes. It is recognised in Japan as "the" premiere mountaineering peak in winter. Although dangerous, its death toll is a small fraction of those who have died on Japan's much smaller, but more lethal Mount Tanigawa (Tanigawa-dake).

The first modern ascent of Mount Tsurugi was by Yoshitaro Shibasaki and Ikuta Nobu in 1907. However, upon reaching the summit, Ikuta discovered a rusted iron sword and staff. Upon later scientific investigation, the sword dated from the late Nara period to the early Heian period (approximately 800 AD), showing that shugenja had climbed Mount Tsurugi about 1,200 years ago.

Hida Mountains
The Hida Mountains (飛騨山脈, Hida Sanmyaku), or Northern Alps (北アルプス, Kita Arupusu), is a Japanese mountain range which stretches through Nagano, Toyama and Gifu prefectures. A small portion of the mountains also reach into Niigata Prefecture. William Gowland coined the phrase "Japanese Alps" during his time in Japan, but he was only referring to the Hida Mountains when he used that name. The Kiso and Akaishi mountains received the name in the ensuing years.
Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited
Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (IPCL) was a petrochemicals company in India. At the time of its disinvestment to Reliance Industries Limited, its turnover for the financial year 2005-06 had crossed the US $2 billion mark.

Reliance Industries
Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Its businesses include energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail, entertainment, telecommunications, mass media, and textiles. Reliance is the largest public company in India by market capitalisation and revenue, and the 86th largest company worldwide. It is India's largest private tax payer and largest exporter, accounting for 7% of India's total merchandise exports.

The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption, cronyism, fraud, financial manipulation, and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens, and natural resources. Its chairman, Mukesh Ambani, has been described as a plutocrat.
California's 12th congressional district
California's 12th congressional district is a congressional district in northern California. Lateefah Simon, a Democrat, has represented the district since January 2025. The district was represented previously by longtime congresswoman Barbara Lee, former Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi (who has since been redistricted to the 11th district), and former president of the United States Richard Nixon.

Currently, the 12th district is located in Alameda County and encompasses the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Emeryville, Alameda, Albany, Piedmont, and most of San Leandro. With a Cook Partisan Voter Index rating of D+39, the 12th district is the most Democratic district in California, giving nearly 85% of its vote to Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election.

Before redistricting in 2023, the 12th district was within San Francisco, encompassing most of the city. The remainder of the city was included in the 14th district.

California's 11th congressional district
California's 11th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California represented by former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi.

Since the 2022 elections, the 11th district is entirely in San Francisco, and includes most of the city with the exception of the southern neighborhoods of Excelsior District, Visitacion Valley, Portola, and Ocean View.

Before redistricting, the 11th district consisted of most of Contra Costa County. Mark DeSaulnier, a Democrat, represented the district from January 2015 to January 2023. Cities and CDPs in the district included Alamo, Bay Point, Blackhawk, Clayton, Concord, Diablo, El Cerrito, El Sobrante, Kensington, Lafayette, Moraga, Orinda, Pinole, Pittsburg, Pleasant Hill, San Pablo, Richmond, and Walnut Creek; most of Danville; and parts of Antioch and Martinez.
Thingyan rice
Thingyan rice (Burmese: သင်္ကြန်ထမင်း, pronounced [ðəd͡ʑàɴ tʰəmɪ́ɴ], Thingyan htamin; Mon: ပုင်သင်္ကြာန်) is a Traditional Mon dish served during Thingyan, which marks the Burmese New Year. Thingyan Htamin started with Mon people in the lower Burma. It is a seasonal festive food, commonly made with rice soaked in candle-scented water, served with fried dry fish. The water in the dish is for refreshment during the hot summer days of the Thingyan Festival. The dish is also notable for its association with communal celebration. Families prepare large quantities to share with neighbors which is a way to share New Year Blessings. This festive dish has also been adapted into Central Thai cuisine, where it is known as Khao Chae.

Khao chae
Khao chae (Thai: ข้าวแช่, pronounced [kʰâw t͡ɕʰɛ̂ː]) is "rice soaked in cool water". "Khao" means "rice" and "chae" means "to soak". Around the time of King Rama II, the recipe was adapted from a Mon dish and then modified. It was meant to be made and consumed in the hot season, from mid-March to the end of April. Ice was not then available in Thailand, so the water was kept cool during hot season by putting it in an earthenware vessel in a shaded place. Some old recipes call for the use of camphor to cool the dish.
Lisa Curtis
Lisa K. Curtis is an American politician and attorney who served as a member of the New Mexico Senate from 2012 to 2013. Curtis was appointed to the Senate after the resignation of Kent Cravens. She was defeated in her bid for a full term by Mark Moores and left office in January 2013.

Mark Moores
Mark David Moores (born April 28, 1970) is an American businessman and politician who served as a member of the New Mexico Senate for the 21st district from 2013 to 2024. He was the Republican nominee for the 2021 New Mexico's 1st congressional district special election, which he lost to Democrat Melanie Stansbury.
Skiatook, Oklahoma
Skiatook (Skī·ǎ·tōōk or Skī·ǎ·tǒǒk versus Skī·tōōk or Skī·tǒǒk) is a city in Osage and Tulsa counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma  located in the northeastern part of the state, approximately 20 miles north and west of Tulsa. Due to its location on the border between Osage County and Tulsa County, Skiatook has been referred to as "the Gateway to the Osage." The town includes the state highway junction of Oklahoma State Highway 11 and Oklahoma State Highway 20.
The population was 8,450 at the 2020 census, an increase of 14.24 percent over the figure of 7,397 recorded in 2010.

Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Tulsa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 669,279, making it the second-most populous county in the state, behind only Oklahoma County. Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa, the second-largest city in the state. Founded at statehood, in 1907, it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa. Before statehood, the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area. Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state. Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income.
Hyperion (moon)
Hyperion /haɪˈpɪəriən/ is the eighth-largest moon of Saturn. It is distinguished by its highly irregular shape, chaotic rotation, low density, and its unusual sponge-like appearance. It was the first non-rounded moon to be discovered.

Chaotic rotation
Chaotic rotation involves the irregular and unpredictable rotation of an astronomical body, typically seen in objects that aren't spherical or spheroidal and influenced by other forces. Unlike Earth's rotation, a chaotic rotation may not have a nearly fixed axis or period.
George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)
George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life. The character is a building and loan banker who sacrifices his dreams to help his community of Bedford Falls to the point where he feels life has passed him by. Eventually, due to difficulties in keeping the building and loan solvent, Bailey falls into despair so deep that he contemplates suicide, until a guardian angel, Clarence Odbody, gives him a valuable perspective on the worth of his life. George finds through Odbody's angelic power and gift what the lives of his family and friends and the social structure of Bedford Falls would be like without him.

Bailey is played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child, and is loosely based on George Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Stern's 1943 booklet The Greatest Gift.

The character was portrayed by Pete Davidson in a 2020 television special.

Clarence Odbody
Clarence Odbody, also spelled Clarence Oddbody (born May 1653, died 1745)  is a guardian angel character in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, where he was portrayed by Henry Travers, and in the 1990 sequel, Clarence, where he was played by Robert Carradine.

Odbody is loosely based on "a stranger" in Philip Van Doren Stern's 1943 short story The Greatest Gift.

In 1977's It Happened One Christmas, a remake of the 1946 film, a gender-reversed Clarence appeared as Clara Oddbody, played by Cloris Leachman. The 1986 musical A Wonderful Life features Odbody, who was played by David Hyde Pierce in its 2005 rendition.

In the 1946 film Odbody is the implied subject when, in the well-known quote, Zuzu Bailey (played by Karolyn Grimes) says "Every time a bell rings, an angel gets his wings."
Fort William, West Bengal
Fort William, officially Vijay Durg, is a fort in Hastings, Calcutta (Kolkata). It was built during the early years of Britain's administration of Bengal. It sits on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganga. One of Kolkata's most enduring British-era military fortifications, other than those in Bombay (Mumbai) and Madras (Chennai), it extends over an area of seventy hectares.

The fort was named after King William III. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, the largest park in the country. An internal guard room became the Black Hole of Calcutta. Today the fort is the headquarters of Eastern Command of the Indian Army.

Fort St. George
Fort St. George (or historically, White Town) is a fortress at the coastal city of Chennai, India. Founded in 1639, it was the first English (later British) fortress in India. The construction of the fort provided the impetus for further settlements and trading activity, in what was originally an uninhabited land. Thus, it is a feasible contention to say that the city (named Madras since before the arrival of the Europeans until July 1996) evolved around the fortress. The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official buildings.
Dolore
The Dolore (French pronunciation: [dɔlɔʁ]) is a French river in the Auvergne region. It originates in the monts du Livradois and joins the Dore, left bank; hence it is a sub-affluent of the Loire. It is 37.1 km (23.1 mi) long.

Dore (river)
The Dore (French pronunciation: [dɔʁ]; Occitan: Dòra) is a 140 km long river in central France in the department of Puy-de-Dôme. It is a right tributary of the Allier. Its source is near the town of Saint-Germain-l'Herm in the Massif Central. The Dore flows generally north, through the following towns: Arlanc, Ambert, Courpière, and Puy-Guillaume. The Dore flows into the Allier 6 km north of Puy-Guillaume.
2025 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2025 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships were the 88th such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition based on their 2024 results. The competition also served as qualifications for division placements in the 2026 edition.

As in 2024, teams from Russia and Belarus have not been allowed to enter, as they remained suspended by the IIHF due to the countries' invasion of Ukraine.

2024 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2024 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships were the 87th such event hosted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participate at several levels of competition based on their 2023 results. The competition served as qualifications for division placements in the 2025 edition.

Since 2023, teams from Russia and Belarus have not been allowed to enter, as they remain suspended by the IIHF due to the countries' invasion of Ukraine.
J. W. Swanston
J. W. Swanston was a Newcastle printer, and publisher of many chapbooks. The premises were in St Andrews Street, off Gallowgate, quite near what is now St James' Park football stadium, the home of Newcastle United F.C., although this ground was not built until 1892.

Swanston was responsible for the publication and printing of numerous chapbooks, of which one noted version was The Tyneside Songster.

He was also a member of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club.

His published and printed works include :-

Nine Hours’ Movement; A History of the engineers’ strike in Newcastle and Gateshead

Social Science and the Liquor Traffic: The Judgment of Science, of Philanthropy, and of Intellect, an 8-page pamphlet printed in 1870

Several pamphlets for the Northern Reform League for James McKendrick

Several Chapbooks including The Tyneside Songster

The Tyneside Songster by J. W. Swanston
The Tyneside Songster (or to give it its full title – "The Tyneside Songster containing a splendid collection of Local Songs by popular Authors, in the Northumbrian Dialect Printed by J W Swanston, 67 & 69 St Andrews Street, Newcastle and may be had at all Booksellers, Newsagents, &c"  is a chapbook of Geordie folk song consisting of 39 songs, crammed into its meagre 16 pages, and published in the 1880s by J. W. Swanston, a Newcastle printer and publisher.