hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cardiff Dragons (netball)
Cardiff Dragons (currently known as LexisNexis Cardiff Dragons for sponsorship reasons) are a  Welsh netball team based in Cardiff. Their senior team plays in the Netball Superleague. In 2005–06, as Celtic Dragons, they were founder members of the league. Their best performance in the Superleague came in 2013 when they finished as runners up to Team Bath. Playing as Celtic Flames, Dragons also played in the 2017 Netball New Zealand Super Club. Cardiff Dragons main partners include Wales Netball, the Wales national netball team and Cardiff Metropolitan University. The team changed its name from Celtic Dragons to Cardiff Dragons on 31 August 2023 in preparation for the 2024 season.

In October 2025, the team announced that it would drop "Cardiff" from its name for the 2026 Netball Super League season and split its home games between Cardiff and the M&S Bank Arena in Liverpool.

Wales Netball
Wales Netball (Welsh: Pêl-rwyd Cymru) is the main governing body for netball in Wales. It was originally founded in 1945 as the Welsh Netball Association (Welsh: Cymdeithas Pêl-rwyd Cymru). In 2021, it adopted its current name. It is affiliated to both World Netball and Europe Netball. Wales Netball were founding members of both these governing bodies. It is responsible for organising and administering the Wales national netball team and the Netball Super League team, Cardiff Dragons, as well as local leagues and other competitions. Since 2009, its headquarters have been based at the Sport Wales National Centre.
Manila Jeepney F.C.
Manila Jeepney Football Club was a professional Filipino football club, based in the city of Manila, Philippines. The team competed in the United Football League, the highest level of club football in the Philippines.

The team entered the United Football League as a guest team in the 2013 United Football League Cup, before being admitted as an official club of the UFL Division 2 in 2014. In their first season in the second division of the United Football League, the team won promotion to the first division. However, after participating at the 2015 season it withdrew from the league. It is acknowledged as the official football club of the city of Manila.

UFL Division 2
The United Football League Division 2, often referred to as UFL Division 2 or UFL 2, was the second-tier association football league in the Philippines. During its existence, it is the second-highest division of football in the Philippines after UFL Division 1. Each year, the winner of the league gets an automatic promotion to the latter. The second placer, on the other hand, goes against the ninth placer of the first division in a two-legged playoff.

UFL Division 2 was introduced for the 2010 season. For the 2015 season, Ceres and Manila Jeepney were promoted to compete in the country's top-flight division. Due to its inability to comply with the league's foreigner cap rule, Manila Nomads volunteered to step down from UFL Division 1 before the start of the 2014 season. Thus, Manila Jeepney was also automatically promoted to the first division.

The league was scrapped after the 2015 season with the 2016 season to push through with only a single division.
Academic mobility
Academic mobility refers to students and researchers in higher education moving to another institution inside or outside of their own country to study or teach for a limited time.

The Bologna process regulates academic mobility within European higher education area.

Mobile students are usually divided into two groups: Free-movers are students who travel entirely on their own initiative, while programme students use exchange programmes at a department, faculty, institution, or national level (such as Erasmus, Nordplus or Fulbright). Nowadays, the traditional Erasmus exchange (which involves travelling) has been complemented with virtual mobility, or Virtual Erasmus, in which students from different countries may study together without leaving their home.

Erasmus Programme
The Erasmus Programme is an educational programme named after Erasmus, combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport. It was created as the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students, a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. The original idea for the programme was first developed in the 1960s by Italian pedagogist Sofia Corradi, who advocated for the official recognition of study periods abroad.
Alfsee
The Alfsee is a reservoir in the north of the district of Osnabrück in the state of Lower Saxony in north Germany. It has an area of 2.2 km2.

It acts as a flood retention basin for the catchment area of the Hase and as local recreational area.

Hase
The Hase (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːzə] ⓘ) is a 169.7-kilometre-long (105.4 mi) river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Ems, but part of its flow goes to the Else, that is part of the Weser basin. Its source is in the Teutoburg Forest, south-east of Osnabrück, on the north slope of the 307-metre-high (1,007 ft) Hankenüll hill.
WTSR
WTSR (91.3 FM) is a student-run non-commercial radio station broadcasting from The College of New Jersey (formerly Trenton State College), servicing Mercer County and Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The station's call letters originally reflected the college's former name: "Trenton State Radio".

The College of New Jersey
The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) is a public university in Ewing Township, New Jersey. It is part of New Jersey's public system of higher education. Established in 1855 as the New Jersey State Normal School, TCNJ was the first normal school, or teaching college, in the state of New Jersey and the fifth in the United States. It was originally located in Trenton proper and moved to its present location in adjacent Ewing Township during the early to mid-1930s. Since its inception, TCNJ has undergone several name changes, the most recent being the 1996 change from "Trenton State College" to its current name.

The institution is organized into seven schools, all of which offer bachelor's degree programs and several of which offer master's degree programs. Emphasis is placed on liberal arts education via the college's general education requirements. Much of TCNJ is built in Georgian colonial revival architecture style on a 289-acre (117 ha) tree-lined campus.
Coal breaker
A coal breaker is a coal processing plant which breaks coal into various useful sizes. Coal breakers also remove impurities from the coal (typically slate) and deposit them into a culm dump. The coal breaker is a forerunner of the modern coal preparation plant.

Coal tipples typically were used at bituminous coal mines, where removing impurities was important but sorting by size was only a secondary, minor concern. Coal breakers were always used (with or without a tipple) at anthracite mines. While tipples were used around the world, coal breakers were used primarily in the United States in the state of Pennsylvania (where, between 1800 and the mid-20th century, many of the world's known anthracite reserves were located). At least one source claims that, in 1873, coal breaking plants were found only at anthracite mines in Pennsylvania.

Coal preparation plant
A coal preparation plant (CPP; known as a coal handling and preparation plant (CHPP), coal handling plant, prep plant, Coal Washery, tipple or wash plant) is a facility that washes coal of soil and rock, crushes it into graded sized chunks (sorting), stockpiles grades preparing it for transport to market, and more often than not, also loads coal into rail cars, barges, or ships.

The more of this waste material that can be removed from coal, the lower its total ash content, the greater its market value and the lower its transportation costs.
South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, mostly south of the River Thames. The region consists of the boroughs, in whole or in part, of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.

South London originally emerged from Southwark, first recorded as Suthriganaweorc, meaning 'fort of the men of Surrey'. From Southwark, London then extended further down into northern Surrey and western Kent.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel
"The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" is a single released by American disc jockey Grandmaster Flash in 1981. It is a live DJ mix recording of Flash scratching and mixing records from various groups using three turntables. The musician employed several DJ techniques in the recording, including crossfading, cutting, rubbing and backspins.

On release, the single was a cult hit and reached number 55 on the Billboard R&B chart. It was also a major critical success, and was ranked at number two among the top ten "Tracks of the Year" for 1981 by NME. Proving crucial in the development of hip hop, the track was highly influential on many DJs, including rapper Dr. Dre, and an early example of what would eventually be termed turntablism. It was also a pivotal release in the development of sampling, megamixes and mashups. Several critics have included it in their lists of the best or most important singles ever.

Mashup (music)
A mashup (also mesh, mash up, mash-up, blend, bastard pop or bootleg) is a creative work, usually a song, created by blending two or more pre-recorded songs, typically by superimposing the vocal track of one song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another and changing the tempo and key where necessary. Such works are considered "transformative" of original content and in the United States they may find protection from copyright claims under the "fair use" doctrine of copyright law.
Hillel Kook
Hillel Kook (Hebrew: הלל קוק; 24 July 1915 –18 August 2001), also known as Peter Bergson (Hebrew: פיטר ברגסון), was a Revisionist Zionist activist and politician.

Kook led the Irgun's efforts in the United States during World War II and the Holocaust in order to promote Zionism, attempting thereby to save the abandoned Jews of Europe. His rescue group's activism was the main factor leading to President Franklin D. Roosevelt establishing the War Refugee Board, which rescued as many as 200,000 European Jews, partly via the Wallenberg mission. He later served in Israel's first Knesset, but resigned in 1951 after becoming disillusioned with Israeli politics.

Eri Jabotinsky
Eri Jabotinsky (Hebrew: עֵרִי זַ׳בּוֹטִינְסְקִי, also transliterated Ari, 26 December 1910 – 6 June 1969) was a Revisionist Zionist activist, Israeli politician and academic mathematician. He was the son of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the founder of the opposition movement within Zionism at the time, and later served in the Knesset between 1949 and 1951 as a member of the opposition Herut party of Menachem Begin. Following his break with the party, he pursued his academic career. He published several works in mathematical iteration theory and was in his later life a professor in the Technion.
Christopher Inn
The Christopher Inn was a hotel in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The cylindrical mid-century modern hotel had 16 floors, 137 wedge-shaped rooms, and modern interiors for its time. It was constructed on the site of the Alfred Kelley mansion, which was disassembled to make way for the new building. The Christopher Inn operated from 1963 to 1988, when it was demolished. The site is now occupied by an 11-story office building constructed in 2001.

Renaissance Columbus Downtown Hotel
The Renaissance Columbus Downtown Hotel is a Renaissance Hotel in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The hotel has 22 stories, and was designed by Columbus architects Kellam & Foley in the International style.

The building was built on the site of the Virginia Hotel and Columbus Citizen building, both demolished in 1961 to make room for the new hotel. It opened as the Columbus Plaza Hotel in 1963, and became a Sheraton Hotel in 1965, operating until 1987. Numerous plans fell through, and the hotel remained vacant for about a decade. In 1997, it reopened as the Adam's Mark, after extensive renovations. The hotel remained open during a 2005-2006 renovation, converting it into a Marriott Renaissance hotel.
Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).

Invariant (physics)
In theoretical physics, an invariant is an observable of a physical system which remains unchanged under some transformation. Invariance, as a broader term, also applies to the no change of form of physical laws under a transformation, and is closer in scope to the mathematical definition. Invariants of a system are deeply tied to the symmetries imposed by its environment.

Invariance is an important concept in modern theoretical physics, and many theories are expressed in terms of their symmetries and invariants.
Capilla del Monte
Capilla del Monte is a small city in the northeastern part of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, located by the Sierras Chicas mountain chain, in the northern end of the Punilla Valley. It has about 11,281 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC].

Tourism is the main source of income in Capilla del Monte. The most popular tourist attraction in the area is the Cerro Uritorco, a small mountain only 3 km away from the city, famed around Argentina as a center of alleged paranormal phenomena and UFO sightings. There are many other locations in Capilla del Monte that attract tourists from all over the country.

The city also features the tall El Cajón Dam and its large reservoir.

Capilla del Monte was founded on October 30, 1585. Its name means "Chapel on the Hill" in Spanish.

The area has been used as a special stage for Rally Argentina.

El Cajón Dam (Argentina)
El Cajón Dam (Spanish: Dique El Cajón) is a dam in Capilla del Monte, Córdoba, Argentina. It was built on the course of the Dolores River, at about 910 m (2,986 ft) above mean sea level. The wall of the dam is 39 m (128 ft) tall and it creates a reservoir with a surface area of 1.45–1.8 km2 (0.6–0.7 sq mi) and a volume of 8,000,000 m3 (280,000,000 cu ft).

The construction of El Cajón Dam started in the 1970s but the dam was finally finished and inaugurated in 1993. It is made of concrete and lies on granite terrain. The dam is used as a reservoir of fresh water, to regulate the flow of the river, for fishing (carp and silverside), sailing, canoeing, and windsurfing. The dam cost a total of approximately USD 800 million to construct.
Liu Tingting (gymnast)
Liu Tingting (simplified Chinese: 刘婷婷; traditional Chinese: 劉婷婷; pinyin: Liú Tíngtíng; born September 6, 2000, Guangdong) is a retired Chinese artistic gymnast and the current team captain of the Chinese women's national artistic gymnastics team. She is best known for her innovative, quick connections and high degree of difficulty in balance beam and uneven bars. She is the 2018 World champion, the 2019 World silver medalist, and the 2017 Asian champion in balance beam, and the 2018 Asian Games and 2019 Chinese national champion in the uneven bars. She has also often competed in the all-around event in her senior career, where is the 2017 Asian champion and a two-time Chinese national (2019, 2020) champion.

2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in Stuttgart, Germany from October 4–13, 2019. The championships took place at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle, and was the third time the city of Stuttgart hosted the event following the 1989 and 2007 editions, and the fifth time Germany hosted it.

As of October 2, 92 federations registered gymnasts for the event with a total of 288 men and 259 women.

Sam Mikulak of the United States and Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos of France won the Longines Prize for Elegance. Both mark a first for their respective countries: de Jesus dos Santos is the first gymnast from France to win this prize, and Mikulak is the first male gymnast from the United States to win one.
2018 Ontario general election
General elections were held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature and formed a majority government. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161-year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor-crossing during the 41st Parliament.

Trillium Party of Ontario
The Trillium Party of Ontario (French: Parti Trillium de l’Ontario) was a right-wing populist, social conservative political party in the Canadian province of Ontario. Founded in 2014, the party was led by Bob Yaciuk for the duration of its existence.
Witch Wood
Witch Wood is a 1927 historical novel by the Scottish author John Buchan, set in the Scottish Borders during the 17th-century Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It follows the story of a young Church of Scotland minister, newly-arrived in a rural parish, who is undermined by devil-worshipping parishioners. A substantial part of the dialogue is in Scots.

Buchan wrote the novel while researching Montrose, his biography of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, who appears as a minor character. Buchan's research had raised questions of seventeenth-century religious tolerance, which he wanted to explore. Drawing on elements of Margaret Murray’s witch-cult hypothesis, the book combines Buchan's wider interests in landscape, 17th century Calvinism, and the history of Scotland. It was the author's favourite novel and has come to be regarded as his masterpiece.

Montrose (book)
Montrose (Montrose: a history in the US) is a 1928 biography of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose by the Scottish author John Buchan. It won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography in 1928.
Diffusion equation
The  diffusion equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. In physics, it describes the macroscopic behavior of many micro-particles in Brownian motion, resulting from the random movements and collisions of the particles (see Fick's laws of diffusion). In mathematics, it is related to Markov processes, such as random walks, and applied in many other fields, such as materials science, information theory, and biophysics. The diffusion equation is a special case of the convection–diffusion equation when bulk velocity is zero. It is equivalent to the heat equation under some circumstances.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Lil' Chris
Christopher James Hardman (26 August 1990 – 23 March 2015), known professionally as Lil' Chris, was an English singer-songwriter, actor, and television personality. He came to prominence in 2006 after appearing on the Channel 4 series Rock School, which saw Kiss vocalist and bassist Gene Simmons make a rock band at Lil' Chris' school. Later that year he released the single "Checkin' It Out", which charted at number 3, and a self-titled album. In 2008 he hosted his own series, Everybody Loves Lil' Chris. Hardman died by suicide in March 2015 at his home in Lowestoft after struggling with his mental health.

Lil' Chris (album)
Lil' Chris is the debut self-titled album by British singer-songwriter Lil' Chris. The album was co-written by Lil' Chris and pop producer and songwriter Ray Hedges, alongside former member of Theaudience, Nigel Butler. Additional production also comes from Martin Brannigan (known for his work with Natalie Imbruglia). The album was originally due to be released on 9 October 2006, two few weeks after the single "Checkin' It Out" was released, but was delayed as the album was not complete, eventually being released on 4 December 2006.
Quotient space (topology)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the quotient space of a topological space under a given equivalence relation is a new topological space constructed by endowing the quotient set of the original topological space with the quotient topology, that is, with the finest topology that makes continuous the canonical projection map (the function that maps points to their equivalence classes). In other words, a subset of a quotient space is open if and only if its preimage under the canonical projection map is open in the original topological space.

Intuitively speaking, the points of each equivalence class are identified or "glued together" for forming a new topological space. For example, identifying the points of a sphere that belong to the same diameter produces the projective plane as a quotient space.

Subspace topology
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subspace of a topological space  is a subset S of X which is equipped with a topology induced from that of  called the subspace topology (or the relative topology, inherited topology, induced topology, or trace topology).
Sven Ljungberg
Sven Birger Ljungberg (December 15, 1913 – July 28, 2010) was a Swedish visual artist whose work was created predominantly in the genres of printmaking and painting, though his entire body of his work includes murals and mosaics. He was born in Ljungby, Sweden.

Ljungby
Ljungby (Swedish: [ˈjɵ̂ŋːbʏ] ⓘ) is the central locality of Ljungby Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden, with 15,785 inhabitants in 2015.

Ljungby was instituted in 1829 as a köping, or market town, and did not become a municipality of its own when the first local government acts took effect in 1863, but retained part of the surrounding rural municipality of the same name. In 1936 Ljungby got the title stad, Swedish for Town or City. Since 1971 Ljungby is the seat of Ljungby Municipality.

Much of the town center was destroyed in the city fire of 1953. At the time of the rebuilding, International Style architecture was used, characterized locally by the Hotel Terazza and adjacent structures, which still remains controversial locally.