hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malfeasance in office
Malfeasance in office, also known as misconduct in public office, is any unlawful conduct that is often grounds for a just cause removal of an elected official by statute or recall election, or additionally a crime in some jurisdictions. Malfeasance in office contrasts with "misfeasance in office", which is the commission of a lawful act, done in an official capacity, that improperly causes harm; and "nonfeasance in office", which is the failure to perform an official duty.

An exact definition of malfeasance in office is difficult: many highly regarded secondary sources (such as books and commentaries) compete over its established elements based on reported cases. This confusion has arisen from the courts where no single consensus definition has arisen from the relatively few reported appeal-level cases involving malfeasance in office.

Misfeasance
Misfeasance, nonfeasance, and malfeasance are types of failure to discharge public obligations existing by common law, custom, or statute.

The Carta de Logu caused Eleanor of Arborea to be remembered as one of the first lawmakers to set up the crime of misfeasance.
Escape of the Artful Dodger
Escape of the Artful Dodger is an Australian children's television series first screened on the Nine Network in 2001. The plot is an epilogue to the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist, portraying the character of Jack Dawkins in colonial New South Wales. While he remains a nimble-fingered young pickpocket, the "Artful Dodger" has been adapted slightly to be more appealing to younger audiences, behaving more llike a benevolent Robin Hood.

Artful Dodger
Jack Dawkins, better known as the Artful Dodger, is a character in Charles Dickens's 1838 novel Oliver Twist. The Dodger is a pickpocket and his nickname refers to his skill and cunning in that occupation. In the novel, he is the leader of the gang of child criminals on the streets of London trained and overseen by the elderly Fagin. The term has become an idiom describing a person who engages in skillful deception.
Kerwalli
Kerwalli (nicknamed King Sandy; c. 1832 – May 1900) was an Aboriginal Australian foreman, fishmonger and headman of the Jagera people. He was a prominent member of Queensland's Aboriginal community in the 19th century.

He is not to be confused with King Sandy of the Brymedura tribe (died c. 1860) who assisted explorer Thomas Mitchell in 1835 and also wore a king plate.

Aboriginal breastplate
Aboriginal breastplates (also called king plates or Aboriginal gorgets) were a form of regalia used in pre-Federation Australia by white colonial authorities to recognise those they perceived to be local Aboriginal leaders. The breastplates were usually metallic crescent-shaped plaques worn around the neck.

These plates were modified gorgets and they were initially modified copies of those worn by infantry officers in Australia until 1832. They soon became larger and were soon at least twice the size of those given to the military.

Aboriginal people did not traditionally have kings or chiefs. They lived in small clan groups with several elders—certain older men and women—who consulted with each other on decisions for the group. By appointing kings of tribes, and granting them king plates, colonial authorities went against the more collegiate grain of traditional Aboriginal culture.
Archdiocese of Washington
The Archdiocese of Washington (Latin: Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Vashingtonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church for the District of Columbia and several Maryland counties in the United States.

The Archdiocese of Washington is home to the Catholic University of America and Georgetown University. The archdiocese is also home to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception. The only suffragan diocese of the archdiocese is the Diocese of Saint Thomas.

The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle in downtown Washington. Robert McElroy was installed as the eighth Archbishop of Washington on March 11, 2025.

Robert McElroy (cardinal)
Robert Walter McElroy (born February 5, 1954) is an American Catholic prelate who has served as Archbishop of Washington since 2025. He previously served as Bishop of San Diego from 2015 to 2025. He was made a cardinal in 2022.

McElroy was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of San Francisco in 1980. He later received advanced theological degrees from Santa Clara University and the Pontifical Gregorian University and has written articles for the Jesuit magazine America. McElroy was widely regarded as a supporter of the policies of Pope Francis.
Lilongwe
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ/,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, in the district of the same name, near the borders with Mozambique and Zambia, and it is an important economic and transportation hub for central Malawi. It is named after the Lilongwe River.

Lilongwe River
Lilongwe River is a river in Malawi. It flows through Lilongwe, the capital of the country.

The river is approximately 200 km long, and flows into Lake Malawi.

It originates from the Dzalanyama Forest Reserve, between the border of the districts of Lilongwe and Dedza.

The Lilongwe River is the main source of water for Lilongwe city residents.

13°47′S 34°25′E﻿ / ﻿13.783°S 34.417°E﻿ / -13.783; 34.417
Joseph Lowthian Hudson
Joseph Lowthian Hudson (October 17, 1846 – July 5, 1912), a.k.a. J. L. Hudson, was the merchant who founded the Hudson's department store in Detroit, Michigan. Hudson also supplied the seed capital for the establishment, in 1909, of Roy D. Chapin's automotive venture, which Chapin named the Hudson Motor Car Company in honor of J. L. Hudson.

Hudson Motor Car Company
The Hudson Motor Car Company made Hudson and other branded automobiles in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., from 1909 until 1954. In 1954, Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). The Hudson name was continued through the 1957 model year, after which it was discontinued.
Chesapeake and Ohio class H-8
The Chesapeake and Ohio class H-8 is a class of 60 simple articulated 2-6-6-6 steam locomotives built by the Lima Locomotive Works in Lima, Ohio between 1941 and 1948, operating until the mid 1950s. The locomotives were among the most powerful steam locomotives ever built and hauled fast, heavy freight trains for the railroad. Only two units were preserved; Nos. 1601 and 1604.

Chesapeake and Ohio class K-4
The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's K-4 class were a group of ninety 2-8-4 steam locomotives purchased during and shortly after World War II. Unlike many other railroads in the United States, the C&O chose to nickname this class "Kanawha", after the river in West Virginia, rather than "Berkshire", after the region in New England.

As of 2024, twelve examples are preserved, with their display locations including the National Railroad Museum, the Science Museum of Virginia, Chief Logan State Park, and the B&O Railroad Museum.
One Rail Australia
One Rail Australia was an Australian rail freight operator company. Founded by a United States short line railroad holding company, Genesee & Wyoming Inc, in 1997 as Australian Southern Railroad, and successively renamed Australian Railroad Group and Genesee & Wyoming Australia, it was renamed One Rail Australia in February 2020 after the American company sold its remaining shareholding. In July 2022, assets from the South Australian, Northern Territory and interstate operations of the company were sold to rail operator company Aurizon Holdings Limited. The remaining assets, relating to coal haulage in New South Wales and Queensland, were sold in February 2023 to Magnetic Rail Group.

Australian Railroad Group
Australian Railroad Group (ARG) was an Australian rail freight operator. It began operations in Western Australia on 17 December 2000 following its purchase of the Westrail freight business. It was purchased by QR National in June 2006. The main commodities hauled by ARG included grain, mineral sands, alumina, bauxite, coal, woodchips, quartz, nickel and iron ore around Western Australia. In June 2011, it ceased trading as a separate brand, and became part of QR National.
Dendrophylax
Dendrophylax is a genus of leafless neotropical orchids (family Orchidaceae) native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and Florida.  The name is from Greek δένδρον ("tree") and φύλαξ ("guard; keeper").  One species, Dendrophylax lindenii, featured heavily in the book The Orchid Thief.

Dendrophylax lindenii
Dendrophylax lindenii, the ghost orchid (a common name also used for Epipogium aphyllum) is a rare perennial epiphyte from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It is native to Florida and Cuba. Other common names include palm polly and white frog orchid.
Come On Get Happy: The Partridge Family Story
Come On, Get Happy: The Partridge Family Story is a 1999 American biographical drama television film about the 1970–1974 television series The Partridge Family, focusing on star David Cassidy and co-star Danny Bonaduce through the four years the show was on. Directed by David Burton Morris and written by Jacqueline Feather, the 90-minute film premiered on November 13, 1999 at 8:00pm on ABC.

The Partridge Family
The Partridge Family is an American musical sitcom created by Bernard Slade, which was broadcast in the United States from September 1970 to March 1974 on ABC.  After the final first-run telecast on ABC in March 1974, the show went into reruns from March 30 to August 31, 1974.

The series follows the lives of a fictional pop music band formed by the titular family, including Shirley (Shirley Jones), Keith (David Cassidy), Laurie (Susan Dey), and Danny (Danny Bonaduce), as well as their manager Reuben Kincaid (Dave Madden). The family was loosely based on the real-life musical family the Cowsills, a popular band in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

The show was broadcast on ABC as part of its Friday night line-up, and had subsequent runs in syndication.
Nira River
Nira is a river flowing through the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a tributary of the Bhima river and flows through Pune and Solapur districts of Maharashtra. Karha is a tributary of Nira.

This river originates in western ghats in pune district and flows from Bhor taluka, Shirwal Taluka Satara District, Solapur District and then meets Bhima Basin at Nira Narsingpur near Akluj. It then flows with the Bhima water to Solapur District. The Nira river meets the Bhima between Nira Narsingpur in Pune District and Malshiras Taluka in Solapur district. The dams built on the Nira river are Devdhar dam and Veer dam in Satara and Pune District.

Pune district
Pune district (Marathi pronunciation: [puɳeː]) is a district in Western Maharashtra with Administrative Headquarters in Pune city. Pune district is the most populous district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is one of the most industrialized districts in India.
Chris Fleming (TV personality)
Christopher Fleming (born May 13, 1967) is an American medium, paranormal researcher, television personality, and public speaker.  He has written numerous articles and produced various print and online publications on the topics of paranormal activity and psychic phenomena.

Fleming has appeared on several paranormal-themed television programs and is best known as the IPA award-winning co-host of the popular series Dead Famous (2004–06) which is still in syndication internationally. Fleming was also the co-host and featured psychic on A&E's Psychic Kids: Children of the Paranormal  TV show.  Fleming frequently speaks at events, colleges and universities throughout the United States about paranormal topics.

Psychic Kids
Psychic Kids: Children of the Paranormal  is a paranormal television series broadcast on the A&E television network. Hosted by Chip Coffey, an American psychic investigator, with licensed therapist Edy Nathan, "sensitive" Chris Fleming, and medium Kim Russo, the show brings together children who report having psychic abilities with adult psychic/mediums, with the stated purpose of "show[ing] them how to harness their abilities and, ultimately, [showing] them that they're not alone in this world". Later episodes feature content in correlation with another A&E paranormal series Coffey has appeared on, Paranormal State, with Ryan Buell.

The series premiered on June 16, 2008, and ran to November 28, 2010.

A&E later aired an episode of Biographies called "Psychic Children" about children and young people with the same alleged abilities described in the show (e.g. crystal children).

On June 26, 2019, A&E announced the revival of Psychic Kids was premiered on August 21, 2019,
National Liberation Army (Peru)
The National Liberation Army (abbreviated as ELN, Spanish: Ejército de Liberación Nacional) was a Peruvian guerrilla group. It sought to gather militants regardless of their political affiliation. A short-lived movement that was formed in 1962 and carried out numerous small skirmishes and actions culminating in a seven-month peak of militant actions in 1965, the ELN was largely scattered by the Peruvian Army by December 1965.

Revolutionary Left Movement (Peru)
The Revolutionary Left Movement (in Spanish: Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria) was a Marxist–Leninist guerilla group founded in Peru in 1962 by Luis de la Puente Uceda and his group APRA Rebelde, a splinter group from the APRA which had rallied the government in the 1950s and 1960s. The group disavowed gradual reform and called for radical revolution. Inspired by the Cuban Revolution and close to a non-aligned position which opposed itself to the Communist Party of Peru, the Soviet Union and China, the group initiated guerrilla actions against the government in 1965.

After its leader's death at the end of 1965, the MIR split into three different factions. One of them, the MIR-EM, merged with the Revolutionary Socialist Party (Marxist–Leninist) in 1982 to create the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA). The two others factions, MIR-VR and MIR-IV, joined the parliamentary left-wing coalition Izquierda Unida in the early 1980s.
Restless (novel)
Restless is an espionage novel written by William Boyd, published in 2006. It won the Costa Prize for fiction.

The novel depicts the tale of a young woman who discovers that her mother was recruited as a spy during World War II. The book continually switches between time periods and, in doing so, from first to third person.

According to the author, it is one of the first novels to deal with the British Security Coordination service in New York. The book gained general public interest when it was chosen for inclusion in 'Book Club 2007', on the UK television show Richard & Judy. It is the first Boyd novel to heavily feature  espionage, others include; Waiting for Sunrise (2012),  Solo (2013) his James Bond continuation novel and Gabriel's Moon (2024).

Spy fiction
Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligence agencies. It was given new impetus by the development of communism and fascism in the lead-up to World War II, continued to develop during the Cold War, and received a fresh impetus from the emergence of rogue states, international criminal organizations, global terrorist networks, maritime piracy and technological sabotage and espionage as potent threats to Western societies.  As a genre, spy fiction is thematically related to the novel of adventure (The Prisoner of Zenda, 1894, The Scarlet Pimpernel, 1905), the thriller (such as the works of Edgar Wallace) and the politico-military thriller (The Schirmer Inheritance, 1953, The Quiet American, 1955).
Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa
Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa Pronunciationⓘ (born 1 January 1969) also known with his honorific as Sheikh Daurawa, is a Nigerian Islamic Scholar from Kano state. His father is a famous Researcher called Sheikh Ibrahim Muhammad Mai Tafsiri, Sheikh Daurawa appointed by Kano State governor Abba Kabir Yusuf in 2023 as commander of Hisbah Kano.

Kano State Hisbah Corps
The Kano State Hisbah Corps is a religious police force in Kano state, Nigeria responsible for the enforcement of Shari'a to only Muslims in Kano state and other parts of the northern Nigeria. Malam yahaya faruk chedi  is the first commander General of Hisba, followed by Sheik Ibrahim Mu'azzam Maibushra and then Sheik Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa. Sheikh Daurawa resigned as commander of Hisbah Kano in 2019, as of 2022, its commander is Haruna Ibn-Sina. Sheikh Daurawa was reappointed by Kano State governor Abba Kabir Yusuf in 2023 as its commander.
George Placzek
George Placzek (German: Georg Placzek; September 26, 1905 – October 9, 1955) was a Czech physicist. His work involved a fundamental theory of Raman scattering, molecular spectroscopy in gases and liquids, neutron physics and mathematical physics.

Together with Otto Frisch, he suggested a direct experimental proof of nuclear fission. Together with Niels Bohr and others, he was instrumental in clarifying the role of uranium-235 for the possibility of nuclear chain reaction.

Otto Robert Frisch
Otto Robert Frisch OBE FRS (1 October 1904 – 22 September 1979) was an Austrian-born British physicist who worked on nuclear physics. With Otto Stern and Immanuel Estermann, he first measured the magnetic moment of the proton. With his aunt, Lise Meitner, he advanced the first theoretical explanation of nuclear fission (coining the term) and first experimentally detected the fission by-products. Later, with his collaborator, Rudolf Peierls, he designed the first theoretical mechanism for the detonation of an atomic bomb in 1940. Leading the Los Alamos Critical Assemblies experiments in 1945, he oversaw the world's first prompt criticality in the Dragon device.
William Charles Fitzgerald
William "Bill" C. Fitzgerald (January 28, 1938 – August 7, 1967) was a United States Navy officer who was killed in action during the Vietnam War while serving as an advisor to the Republic of Vietnam Navy.  He received the Navy Cross posthumously for his role in fighting off a Viet Cong attack.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Tedim District
Tedim District is a district in Chin State, Myanmar with a population of 117,393 (combining Tedim and Tonzang townships) according to the Myanmar Census 2014, making it the most populous district in Chin State. On 1 May 2022, Tedim District was formed with Tedim and Tonzang townships. Its district seat is Tedim.  The major towns are Tedim, Tonzang, Cikha, and Khaikam.

Tedim Township
Tedim Township (Burmese: တီးတိန်မြို့နယ်) is in Tedim District, Chin State of Myanmar (Burma). The administrative centre for the township is the town of Tedim. Tedim Township is the most populous township in Chin State, with a population of 87,623.
Lotte Grigel
Lotte Grigel (born 5 April 1991) is a Danish former handball player, who played for Team Esbjerg, Rostov-Don in Russia, Debreceni VSC in Hungary and Nantes Loire Atlantique Handball in France. She was also a stable on the Danish national team.

She made her debut on the Danish national team on 14 October 2008, against Russia.

Nantes Handball Féminin
Nantes Handball Féminin (previously Neptunes de Nantes and Nantes Atlantique Handball) is the name of a French professional handball club from Nantes. The team competed in the French Women's Handball First League between 2013 and 2024. From 2024, it competes in the second league, Division 2 Féminin.
Danny Pino
Daniel Gonzalo Pino (born April 15, 1974) is an American actor who starred as Detective Scotty Valens on the CBS series Cold Case from 2003 to 2010, and as NYPD Detective Nick Amaro in the long-running NBC crime drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit from 2011 to 2015. In 2002, he appeared in London's West End in Up for Grabs with Madonna. In May 2003, Pino played Desi Arnaz in a CBS special on the life of Lucille Ball, Lucy. He played drug cartel leader Miguel Galindo on Mayans M.C. which airs on FX, and FBI agent John Bishop in procedural crime drama Gone.

Nick Amaro
Nicolas Fiorello Amaro Jr. is a fictional character on the NBC police procedural drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, portrayed by Danny Pino. Amaro was a detective with the Manhattan SVU at the 16th Precinct of the New York City Police Department and later a biophysics doctorate student.
England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.

Women's Rugby World Cup
The Women's Rugby World Cup is the women's rugby union world championship which is organised by World Rugby. The first Rugby World Cup for women was held in 1991, but it was not until the 1998 tournament that the tournament received official backing from the International Rugby Board (IRB, now World Rugby); by 2009, the IRB had retroactively recognized the 1991 and 1994 tournaments and their champions.

Normally, the tournament is held every four years; it was moved forward in 2017 so that the competition could be held in the year before the Commonwealth Games. The 2021 tournament was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but still marketed as the 2021 tournament.

Three countries have won the Women's Rugby World Cup since its establishment, with New Zealand having won the tournament a record six times.
The Bostonians
The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886. This bittersweet tragicomedy centres on an odd triangle of characters: Basil Ransom, a political conservative from Mississippi; Olive Chancellor, Ransom's cousin and a Boston feminist; and Verena Tarrant, a pretty, young protégée of Olive's in the feminist movement. The storyline concerns the struggle between Ransom and Olive for Verena's allegiance and affection, though the novel also includes a wide panorama of political activists, newspaper people, and quirky eccentrics.

The Century Magazine
The Century Magazine was an illustrated monthly magazine first published in the United States in 1881 by The Century Company of New York City, which had been bought in that year by Roswell Smith and renamed by him after the Century Association. It was the successor of Scribner's Monthly Magazine. It was merged into The Forum in 1930.