hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Officeworks
Officeworks is a chain of Australian office supplies stores operated under parent company Wesfarmers.

The company was established in 1994 by Coles Myer. Its head office is located in Chadstone, Melbourne. The store concept adopted by Officeworks was based on the US chain Office Depot.

As of January 2026, in Australia there are 4 stores in ACT, 52 stores in NSW, 1 store in NT, 34 stores in QLD, 10 stores in SA, 2 stores in TAS, 53 stores in VIC, and 19 stores in WA.

Wesfarmers
Wesfarmers Limited is an Australian conglomerate, headquartered in Perth, Western Australia. It has interests predominantly in Australia and New Zealand, operating in retail, chemical, fertiliser, industrial and safety products. With revenue of A$45.7 billion in the 2025 financial year, it is one of Australia's largest companies by revenue. Wesfarmers is also one of the largest private employers in Australia, with approximately 118,000 employees.

Wesfarmers was founded in 1914 as a co-operative to provide services and merchandise to Western Australian farmers. It was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in 1984 and grew into a major retail conglomerate.
Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane
Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.

Coffrane
Coffrane is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.
Maniac World Tour
The Maniac World Tour, officially Stray Kids 2nd World Tour "Maniac", was the second concert tour by South Korean boy band Stray Kids in support of their 2022 extended plays Oddinary, Circus and Maxident and 2023 album The Sound. The group played 42 shows across Asia, North America, and Australia. The tour began at Jamsil Arena in Seoul on April 29, 2022, and concluded at BMO Stadium in Los Angeles on April 2, 2023. It was the group's first in-person concert tour since District 9: Unlock (2019–2020).

Jamsil Arena
Jamsil Arena (Korean: 잠실체육관), a.k.a. Jamsil Indoor Stadium, is an indoor sporting arena. It is part of Seoul Sports Complex, located in Seoul, South Korea. The capacity of the arena is 11,069 for basketball and was built from December 1976 to April 1979. The Seoul Samsung Thunders are the tenants.
Something Else Press
Something Else Press was founded by Dick Higgins in 1963. It published many important intermedia texts and artworks by such Fluxus artists as Higgins, Ray Johnson, Alison Knowles, Allan Kaprow, George Brecht, Daniel Spoerri, Robert Filliou, Al Hansen, John Cage, Emmett Williams and by such important modernist figures as Gertrude Stein, Henry Cowell, and Bern Porter.

Al Hansen
Alfred Earl "Al" Hansen (5 October 1927 – 20 June 1995) was an American artist. He was a member of Fluxus, a movement that originated on an artists' collective around George Maciunas.

He was the father of Andy Warhol protégé Bibbe Hansen and the grandfather and artistic mentor of rock musician Beck and artist Channing Hansen. Bibbe and Channing continue his legacy by performing some of his most iconic works.
Koch's postulates
Koch's postulates (/kɒx/ KOKH) are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and the statements were refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, both of which are now ascribed to bacteria. The postulates have been controversially generalized to other diseases. More modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis cannot be examined using Koch's postulates, including viruses (which are obligate intracellular parasites) and asymptomatic carriers. They have largely been supplanted by other criteria such as the Bradford Hill criteria for infectious disease causality in modern public health and molecular Koch's postulates for microbial pathogenesis.

Bradford Hill criteria
The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of nine principles that can be useful in evaluating epidemiologic evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect and have been widely used in public health research. They were proposed in 1965 by the English epidemiologist Sir Austin Bradford Hill, although Hill did not use the term "criteria" himself and instead described nine "viewpoints from all of which we should study association before we cry causation." Modern interpretations of Hill's viewpoints focus on this more nuanced framing, in line with Hill's original assertion that "none of my nine viewpoints can bring indisputable evidence for or against the cause-and-effect hypothesis and none can be required as a sine qua non."

In 1996, David Fredricks and David Relman remarked on Hill's criteria in their pivotal paper on microbial pathogenesis.
South Molton Rural District
51°01′15″N 3°50′18″W﻿ / ﻿51.020909°N 3.838348°W﻿ / 51.020909; -3.838348

South Molton Rural District was a rural district in the administrative county of Devon, England, from 1894 to 1974, covering an area in the north of the county. The district was named after the town of South Molton and had its offices there. The town itself was initially excluded from the rural district, being a self-governing municipal borough. In 1967 the town was absorbed into the district.

The district was abolished in 1974, when the area became part of the new district of North Devon.

North Devon
North Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based just outside Barnstaple, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Ilfracombe, Lynton and Lynmouth and South Molton along with numerous villages, seaside resorts and surrounding rural areas.

The east of the district includes part of the Exmoor National Park, and the district's coast is also recognised for its natural beauty, forming part of the North Devon Coast, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The district borders Torridge to the south-west, Mid Devon to the south-east, and the neighbouring county of Somerset to the east.

The term "North Devon" can also be used to describe a wider geographic area than the local government district, often including neighbouring Torridge District, based in Bideford.
Jones v. United States (1890)
Jones v. United States 137 U.S. 202 (1890) is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court upheld the constitutionality of the Guano Islands Act, which states that any island that fell under the act was under the jurisdiction of any existing statutes or laws pertaining to high seas. The case originated from claims that the United States government could not prosecute Henry Jones for committing murder on Navassa Island during a riot.

Guano Islands Act
The Guano Islands Act (11 Stat. 119, enacted August 18, 1856, codified at 48 U.S.C. ch. 8 §§ 1411-1419) is a United States federal law passed by the Congress that enables citizens of the United States to take possession of unclaimed islands containing guano deposits in the name of the United States. The islands can be located anywhere, so long as they are not occupied by citizens of another country and not within the jurisdiction of another government. It also empowers the president  to use the military to protect such interests and establishes the criminal jurisdiction of the United States in these territories.
Yu Jim-yuen
Yu Jim-yuen (September 5, 1905 – September 8, 1997) (Chinese: 于占元; pinyin: Yú Zhānyuán; Jyutping: jyu1 zim1 jyun4) was a Chinese martial artist, actor, teacher and the master of the China Drama Academy, one of the main Peking Opera Schools in Hong Kong, from which Jackie Chan, Sammo Hung, Yuen Biao, Yuen Qiu, Yuen Wah, and Corey Yuen received their training. Yuen Woo-ping attended the school for one year as a day student as well. Jim-yuen was also the father of early wuxia actress Yu So-chow, who appeared in more than 150 movies, but his only film was his starring role as Grandmaster Wen Ren-yang in the 1979 action film The Old Master (師父出馬). He died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California, United States.

In 1988, the film Painted Faces was released. The story dealt with the lives of the children in the China Drama Academy, and Sammo Hung played the part of Master Yu.

Schools for Chinese opera
Professional schools for Chinese opera, known as keban (Chinese: 科班; pinyin: kēbān; Wade–Giles: k'o-pan; Jyutping: fo baan), existed in China from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) to the 20th century. Formerly attached to performing troupes, many keban became independent boarding schools by the late 19th century.

Today, a few degree-granting, western-style educational institutions specialize in Chinese opera, like the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing  and the National Taiwan College of Performing Arts in Taipei.
Metcalfe County, Kentucky
Metcalfe County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat and only municipality is Edmonton. The county was founded in May 1860 and named for Thomas Metcalfe, Governor of Kentucky from 1828 to 1832.  Metcalfe County is part of the Glasgow, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bowling Green-Glasgow, KY Combined Statistical Area.

Glasgow, Kentucky
Glasgow is a home rule-class city in Barren County, Kentucky, United States. It is the seat of its county. Glasgow is the principal city of the Glasgow micropolitan area, which comprises Barren and Metcalfe counties. The population was 15,014 at the 2020 U.S. census.

The city is well known for its annual Scottish Highland Games. In 2007, Barren County was named the number one rural place to live by The Progressive Farmer magazine.
Mondzish languages
Mondzish (Mangish) is a small group of languages that constitute the most divergent branch of the Lolo–Burmese languages in the classification of Lama (2012). The Mondzish languages are spoken in Funing, Guangnan, Malipo, and Napo counties of China and Hà Giang and Cao Bang provinces of northern Vietnam. The autonyms of Mondzish-speaking peoples often begins with *man-. Lama (2012) considers *man- to be cognate with Mán (蛮), which is an ancient Chinese exonym for non-Chinese peoples to the south.

Mondzish languages are spoken in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China and across the border in Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. According to Hsiu (2014), Kathu is related.

Kathu language
Kathu (Chinese: 嘎苏话) is a Lolo-Burmese language of Balong (坝聋), Nanping Township (南屏镇), Guangnan County, Yunnan, China. The Kathu are locally known as the White Yi (白彝). Wu Zili (2004) estimates that Kathu has a total of more than 7,000 speakers in Guangnan County (including in Dayashao 大牙少), as well as in Jinping County, Yunnan. Ethnologue mentions a possible presence in Xilin County, Guangxi Province.

A related variety is known as Thou.

Kathu-Thou is notable for having initial consonant clusters, which within the Lolo-Burmese branch are also found in Written Burmese (Old Burmese) and Jinuo (Hsiu 2014:66). Wu (2004) lists the onset clusters pl, pʰl, bl, ml, kl, kʰl, gl, ql, qʰl, ɢl, ŋl.
The Blob
The Blob is a 1958 American science fiction horror film directed by Irvin S. Yeaworth Jr. from a screenplay by Theodore Simonson and Kate Phillips, based on an idea by Irving H. Millgate. It stars Steve McQueen (in his first leading role) and Aneta Corsaut and co-stars Earl Rowe and Olin Howland.

The film concerns a carnivorous amoeboidal alien that crashes to Earth from outer space inside a meteorite, landing near the small communities of Phoenixville and Downingtown, Pennsylvania. It envelops living beings, growing larger, becoming redder in color and more aggressive, eventually becoming larger than a building.

The Blob was released on September 10, 1958 by Paramount Pictures as a double feature with I Married a Monster from Outer Space (1958).

Kay Linaker
Mary Katherine Linaker (July 19, 1913 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress and screenwriter who appeared in many B movies during the 1930s and 1940s, most notably Kitty Foyle (1940). Linaker used her married name, Kate Phillips, as a screenwriter, notably for the cult film The Blob (1958). She is credited with coining the name "The Blob" for the movie, which was originally titled The Molten Meteor.
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited SC
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Sporting Club (often abbreviated as HAL or HASC) is an Indian institutional multi-sports club based in Bangalore, best known for its football team. It was named after the company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). The club has competed in the top tiers of Karnataka football — the Bangalore A Division and the BDFA Super Division.

As one of the top clubs from Karnataka, they have also competed in the National Football League till 2007, and subsequently the I-League, then top tier of Indian football league system.

The club was originally founded in 1950s, with having hockey, football and other sections. They were revived in 2006. Nicknamed "the pilots", HAL used Bangalore Football Stadium as their home ground. In 2014, following poor performance in 2013–14 season, the club announced "temporary shutting down activities".

Bangalore Football League
The Bangalore Football League is organised by the Bangalore District Football Association (BDFA), which is affiliated to the Karnataka State Football Association (KSFA) as a ladder-based state football competition involving a total of  four divisions and over 130 teams in the Indian state of Karnataka. BDFA Super Division is the top-division, started in 2001. The winner is awarded George Hoover trophy. Prior to 2001, the BDFA A Division was the top tier, which currently act as 2nd tier of the state leagues ladder.
Sylvia Heal
Dame Sylvia Lloyd Heal DBE (née Fox; born 20 July 1942) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Halesowen and Rowley Regis from 1997 to 2010, having previously been the MP for Mid Staffordshire from 1990 to 1992. She served as the First Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means and a Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons from 2000 until she stood down from
Parliament in 2010.

1990 Mid Staffordshire by-election
The 1990 Mid Staffordshire constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament held a by-election on 22 March 1990. The result was the election of Labour candidate Sylvia Heal to succeed the previous Conservative Member of Parliament John Heddle, who had precipitated the by-election by committing suicide.
Nicholas O'Neill (writer)
Nicholas Philip O'Neill (January 28, 1985 – February 20, 2003) was the youngest of the 100 victims of The Station nightclub fire, which occurred in West Warwick, Rhode Island.  He had turned 18 in January of that year.  His life and work as a writer, actor and musician has been memorialized by the documentary 41 and in the book 41 Signs of Hope. 41 is based on the thesis that Nicholas may have somehow foreseen his own death, as suggested by his various documented writings.  The film (including the extra material featured on the DVD) includes interviews with, among others, Land, radio host Dave Kane (Nicholas' father), writer Ann Hood, medium Robert Brown, and University of Arizona afterlife researcher Gary Schwartz. O'Neill also authored a play, They Walk Among Us, which was produced in various cities after his death, and was adapted into a screenplay by novelist Jon Land.

They Walk Among Us
They Walk Among Us is a one-act play written by Nicholas O'Neill, the youngest victim of the Station nightclub fire, a 2003 blaze that claimed the lives of 100 people in West Warwick, Rhode Island. It is also the name of a film based on the play which was released in 2005.

The play deals with issues of grief and loss, as well as the search for meaning in the human existence, and features characters who are "guardian angels," all of whom were apparently died in their teenage years. One of these characters, Cyrus, is believed by O'Neill's family to have been based on himself. For these reasons, friends and family from his local community have suggested that the play is prophetic. The documentary film 41, created by Christian de Rezendes and Nicholas's brother Christian O'Neill, is in part based on this thesis.
Norman Chan
Norman Chan Tak-lam, GBS, JP (born 1954), is a Hong Kong banker, treasury official, and civil servant. Chan was Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority from 2009 to 2019. He previously served as Director of the Office of the Chief Executive of the HKSAR and Regional Vice-Chairman of Standard Chartered Bank.

Hong Kong Monetary Authority
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is the central banking institution of Hong Kong. It is a government authority founded on 1 April 1993 when the Office of the Exchange Fund and the Office of the Commissioner of Banking merged. The organisation reports directly to the Financial Secretary.
Carlow Junior Hurling Championship
The Carlow Junior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the JJ Kavanagh and Sons Junior Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Carlow JHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Carlow County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association for the third tier hurling teams in the county of Carlow in Ireland.

In its current format, the Carlow Intermediate Championship begins with a group stage. The six participating club teams play each other in a round-robin system. The four top-ranking teams proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match at Netwatch Cullen Park.

Bagenalstown Gaels are the title holders after defeating Ballinkillen by 1-11 to 0-13 in the 2024 final.

Carlow Senior Hurling Championship
The Carlow Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Carlow GAA clubs.

St Mullin's are the title holders, having defeating Mount Leinster Rangers in the 2024 Final.
Leotis Martin
Leotis Martin (March 10, 1939 – November 20, 1995) was an American boxer, he was the inaugural NABF Heavyweight Champion. A fairly-skilled heavyweight and a good punch, he beat rated contenders Alvin Lewis, Thad Spencer, Karl Mildenberger, and Sonny Banks, but is perhaps best known for his knockout victory over former-Heavyweight Champion, Sonny Liston. Unfortunately, Martin was forced to retire shortly after the Liston win due to a detached retina. The Ring Magazine listed Martin 68th on its list of the "100-Greatest-Punchers of all Time".

Karl Mildenberger
Karl Mildenberger (23 November 1937 – 4 October 2018) was a German heavyweight boxer. He was the European heavyweight champion from 1964 to 1968, during which he retained the title six times. He unsuccessfully challenged Muhammad Ali for the world heavyweight title in September 1966, and was the first Southpaw to challenge for the Heavyweight Championship.
Titanic Lifeboat No. 14
Lifeboat No. 14 was a lifeboat from the Titanic. It was launched to sea at 1:30 am, nearly two hours after the Titanic collided with an iceberg and began sinking on 14 April 1912. Lifeboat No. 14 is best known for being the only lifeboat to return to search for survivors in the icy water after Titanic had sunk under the command of Fifth Officer Harold Lowe. About 45 to 55 people occupied Lifeboat No. 14 when it was launched from Titanic and around 30 occupied it when they were rescued by RMS Carpathia at 7.15 am. Lifeboat No. 14 was one of fourteen clinker-built lifeboats and was located on the port side of the Titanic. These lifeboats on the ship had a capacity of 65.

Harold Lowe
Lieutenant Commander Harold Godfrey Lowe RD RNR (21 November 1882 – 12 May 1944) was a British merchant seaman and naval officer who served as the fifth officer aboard the RMS Titanic during its ill-fated maiden voyage, and was one of the four ship's officers to survive the disaster. Lowe, in charge of lifeboat No. 14, later received praise for returning to the wreck site after the ship sank in search for survivors, picking up four from the water and at least twelve others from the swamped Collapsible A.
Cowell-Stepney baronets
The Cowell-Stepney Baronetcy, of Llanelli in the County of Carmarthen, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 September 1871 for John Cowell-Stepney, Member of Parliament for Carmarthen. Born John Cowell, he was the son of Andrew Cowell and Maria Justina Stepney, sister of Sir John Stepney, 8th Baronet, of Prendergast (see Stepney baronets), and assumed the additional surname of Stepney on succeeding to the Stepney estates. The second Baronet also represented Carmarthen in Parliament. The title became extinct on his death in 1909.

Stepney baronets
The Stepney Baronetcy, of Prendergast in the County of Pembroke, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 24 November 1621 for John Stepney. His son, Sir John, the third Baronet represented Pembroke and Haverfordwest in Parliament. The latter's nephew, the fourth Baronet, married Justina, daughter of Sir Anthony van Dyck. Their only son, Sir Thomas, the fifth Baronet, sat as Member of Parliament for Carmarthenshire. Sir Thomas's great-grandson, Sir John, the eighth Baronet, represented Monmouth in Parliament and served as Envoy to Dresden and Berlin. The eighth Baronet never married and was succeeded by his younger brother, Sir Thomas, the ninth Baronet, on whose death in 1825 the baronetcy became extinct.

Catherine, Lady Stepney was the wife of the ninth and last Baronet. She was an author of works of fiction. The Victoria & Albert Museum has a bust of the London society hostess, Catherine, Lady Stepney, posing as Cleopatra.
Self-incompatibility
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for any genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization in fertile hermaphroditic organisms, and thus encourages outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals (dioecy), and their various modes of spatial (herkogamy) and temporal (dichogamy) separation.

SI is best-studied and particularly common in flowering plants, although it is present in other groups, including sea squirts and fungi. In plants with SI, when a pollen grain produced in a plant reaches a stigma of the same plant or another plant with a matching allele or genotype, the process of pollen germination, pollen-tube growth, ovule fertilization, or embryo development is inhibited, and consequently no seeds are produced. SI is one of the most important means of preventing inbreeding and promoting the generation of new genotypes in plants and it is considered one of the causes of the spread and success of angiosperms on Earth.

Outcrossing
Out-crossing or out-breeding is the technique of crossing between different breeds. This is the practice of introducing distantly related genetic material into a breeding line, thereby increasing genetic diversity.
Petter Vaagan Moen
Petter Vaagan Moen (born 5 February 1984) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for HamKam, Brann, Queens Park Rangers, Lillestrøm and Strømsgodset Toppfotball. Vaagan Moen has 44 national junior caps (16 caps and one goal for Norway's U21 national team which he captained from autumn 2005 until 2006).

SK Brann
Sportsklubben Brann is a Norwegian professional football club based in Bergen. Founded on 26 September 1908, Brann has played in  the first tier of Norwegian football for 67 out of 80 seasons, the second most of any club. They play their home matches at Brann Stadion where they had a record-breaking average attendance of 17,310 in the 2007 season, the season in which they won their first league title since 1963.