hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Foster (physiologist)
Sir Michael Foster KCB FRS VMH (8 March 1836 – 29 January 1907) was an English physiologist. He was instrumental in organizing the Cambridge Biological School and acted as Secretary of the Royal Society.

Victoria Medal of Honour
The Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH) is awarded to British horticulturists resident in the United Kingdom whom the Royal Horticultural Society Council considers deserving of special honour by the Society.

The award was established in 1897 "in perpetual remembrance of Her Majesty's glorious reign, and to enable the Council to confer honour on British horticulturists." The Society's rules state that only sixty-three horticulturists can hold the VMH at any given time, in commemoration of the sixty-three years of Queen Victoria's reign. Therefore, the honour is not awarded every year, but may be made to multiple recipients in other years.
Weeping beech
The weeping beech, Fagus sylvatica 'Pendula', is a cultivar of the deciduous European beech. The original tree was found in the grounds of an English park, and it has been propagated by grafting, then many distributed widely.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a large deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-grey bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches. It is native to much of Europe, growing in humid climates.

The species is cultivated as an ornamental. Although slightly toxic due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts are consumed by animals and humans. The trees are also used for timber.
White lion
The white lion is a rare colour mutation of the lion, specifically the Southern African lion. White lions in the area of Timbavati are thought to have been indigenous to the Timbavati region of South Africa for centuries, although the earliest recorded sighting in this region was in 1938. White lions first became known to the English-speaking world in 1977 through the book The White Lions of Timbavati.

Timbavati Private Nature Reserve
Timbavati Private Nature Reserve is a nature reserve on the western edge of Kruger National Park in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. It was established in 1956 by like-minded game farmers with the creation of the Timbavati Association. The association has 50 members and covers 534 km2 (206 sq mi). Timbavati Private Nature Reserve harbours many animals among which the Big Five as well as numerous antelope species.
Lý Long Tường
Lý Long Tường (1174 – ?) was a Vietnamese prince of the Lý dynasty of Đại Việt (in modern-day Vietnam) who went to Korea and became a general. In Korea he went by the name Yi Yong-sang (Korean: 이용상; Hanja: 李龍祥). He is the progenitor of a still-extant Korean clan: the Hwasan Lee clan.

He was born in 1174, the seventh son of Emperor Lý Anh Tông (who reigned from 1138 to 1175) and his consort Lê Mỹ Nga. He was appointed the Great National Tutor.

Hwasan Lee clan
Hwasan Lee clan (Korean: 화산 이씨; Hanja: 花山 李氏; Vietnamese: Gia tộc Lý Hoa Sơn) is a Korean clan with Vietnamese origin. Their Bon-gwan is in Kumchon County, North Hwanghae Province. As of 2000, there are 1775 members of this clan. Their founder was Lee Yong-sang (Vietnamese: Lý Long Tường), a member of the Vietnamese imperial family of the Lý dynasty. He was exiled to Goryeo through the Song dynasty in 1226 when the Lý dynasty fell to the Trần dynasty.
New Caledonian franc
The franc is the currency of New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna, part of the CFP franc since 1945 and issued by the Institut d'émission d'outre-mer (IEOM) in Paris. It is subdivided into 100 centimes, although centime denominations are no longer in circulation.

French Polynesian franc
The franc is the currency of French Polynesia, part of the CFP franc since 1945 and issued by the Institut d'émission d'outre-mer (IEOM) in Paris. It is subdivided into 100 centimes, although centime denominations are no longer in circulation.
PC Power and Cooling
PC Power and Cooling (stylized as PC Power & Cooling), a subsidiary of FirePower Technology, is an American manufacturer of computer power supplies based in Carlsbad, California. The company was established by Doug Dodson in 1985. In 2007, the company was acquired by OCZ Technology. In 2014, FirePower Technology acquired OCZ Technology Group's power supply division, which included PC Power and Cooling.

The company was involved in many technologies related to computer temperature management. It sells products to both consumer and enterprise channels. The company can customize power supplies for American OEM customers in their Carlsbad facility.

OCZ
OCZ was a brand of Toshiba that was used for some of its solid-state drives (SSDs) before they were rebranded with Toshiba.  OCZ Storage Solutions was a manufacturer of SSDs based in San Jose, California, USA and was the new company formed after the sale of OCZ Technology Group's SSD assets to Toshiba Corporation.  Since entering the memory market as OCZ Technology in 2002, the company has targeted its products primarily at the computer hardware enthusiast market, producing performance DDR SDRAM, video cards, USB drives, power supply units, and various cooling products.

OCZ Storage Solutions was dissolved on April 1, 2016 and absorbed into Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc, which later then became Kioxia.
François Quesnay
François Quesnay (/keɪˈneɪ/; French: [fʁɑ̃swa kɛnɛ]; 4 June 1694 – 16 December 1774) was a French economist and physician of the Physiocratic school. He is known for publishing the "Tableau économique" (Economic Table) in 1758, which provided the foundations of the ideas of the Physiocrats. This was perhaps the first work attempting to describe the workings of the economy in an analytical way, and as such can be viewed as one of the first important contributions to economic thought. His Le Despotisme de la Chine, written in 1767, describes Chinese politics and society, and his own political support for enlightened despotism.

Tableau économique
The Tableau économique (French pronunciation: [tablo ekɔnɔmik]) or Economic Table is an economic model first described by French economist François Quesnay in 1758, which laid the foundation of the physiocratic school of economics.

Quesnay believed that trade and industry were not sources of wealth, and instead in his 1758 manuscript Tableau économique (Economic Table) argued that agricultural surpluses, by flowing through the economy in the form of rent, wages, and purchases were the real economic movers.
Josip Pavić
Josip Pavić (Croatian pronunciation: [jǒsip pǎːʋitɕ]; born 15 January 1982) is a Croatian water polo player who competed in the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in 2012 and the silver in 2016. He was widely regarded as the best goalkeeper in the 2012 Olympic tournament. He was named the best world water polo player in 2012, by FINA.

Pavić was given the honour to carry the national flag of Croatia at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, becoming the 24th water polo player to be a flag bearer at the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics.

Since 2015, he plays for Greek powerhouse Olympiacos. In 2018, he won the 2017–18 LEN Champions League as captain of Olympiacos and he was voted Final Eight MVP.

Water polo at the Summer Olympics
Water polo has been part of the Summer Olympics program since the second games, in 1900. A women's water polo tournament was introduced for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Hungary has been the most successful country in men's tournament, while the United States is the only team to win multiple times at the women's tournament since its introduction. Italy was the first to win both the men's and women's water polo tournaments.
Cate Tiernan
Cate Tiernan (born July 24, 1961) is the pen name of Gabrielle Charbonnet, an American author.

Writing as Cate Tiernan, she is best known for her Sweep series, which follows the Wiccan adventures of a cast of high school students. The stories are sold as the Wicca series in the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Australia, and as White Magic (Magie Blanche) in Italy and France. Under her own name, she is chiefly known for children's books in the Princess, American Gold Gymnasts, and Disney Girls series. In 2008 and 2009, Charbonnet collaborated with author James Patterson on two "young adult" novels, Sundays at Tiffany's and Witch & Wizard.

Sweep (book series)
Sweep (Released as Wicca in the UK and Ireland) is a series of young adult fantasy novels written by Cate Tiernan, the first of which, Book of Shadows, was published in 2001. The series follows a teenage girl, Morgan Rowlands, who discovers she is the descendant of a long line of witches, and possesses powerful magic of her own.
Steve Palermo
Stephen Michael Palermo (October 9, 1949 – May 14, 2017) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1977 to 1991. His field career ended when he was shot in the back following his decision to intervene and apprehend the assailants in an altercation outside Campisi's, a Dallas Italian restaurant. He wore uniform number 14 when the American League began using uniform numbers for its umpires in 1980, and the number was never reassigned to another AL umpire until after the AL and NL umpire staffs were unified by MLB in 2000.

Campisi's Egyptian Restaurant
32°50′11″N 96°46′18″W﻿ / ﻿32.836338°N 96.771688°W﻿ / 32.836338; -96.771688

Campisi's Restaurant is an Italian-American restaurant chain based in Dallas, Texas, offering a self-described Roman cuisine focusing on pizza and pasta. As of 2023, the chain has nine locations throughout the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

Founded in 1946 by Sicilian immigrants Carlos and Antonina Campisi, the business was initially called Campisi's Egyptian Restaurant after lacking money needed to change the signage at their first location, which had originally been occupied by The Egyptian Lounge. The oldest location still bears the original name.
Maxi Pereira
Victorio Maximiliano "Maxi" Pereira Páez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaksi peˈrejra]; born 8 June 1984) is a Uruguayan former professional footballer who played as a right-back.

He played with Defensor in Uruguay, joining Benfica in 2007 and going on to remain with the club for eight seasons, appearing in 333 official matches and winning 11 major titles. In 2015, he signed with Porto also in Portugal.

A Uruguay international on 125 occasions, Pereira represented the nation in three World Cups and four Copa América, winning the 2011 edition of the latter tournament.

Defensor Sporting
Defensor Sporting Club is a sports club based in Montevideo, Uruguay. Founded in 1913, Defensor has several sports sections, with football and basketball being the most important and the ones in which the club has achieved significant achievements in Uruguay and internationally.

It is the third most highest winning club in Uruguay, with 24 official titles, only surpassed by Peñarol and Club Nacional de Football. The club's best performance at the international stage was in 2014, when they reached the semi-finals of the Copa Libertadores, eventually losing to Club Nacional 2–1 on aggregate. They have won the Uruguayan Championship four times: in 1976, 1987, 1991, and 2007-08. Their 1976 title win was especially notable in Uruguay's football history as it ended 44 years of dominance by Nacional and Peñarol.
Alabama State Route 134
State Route 134 (SR 134) is an east-west state route located in Covington, Coffee, Dale, Henry, and Houston counties in Alabama.  It loosely parallels U.S. Route 84 (US 84) between Opp and the Chattahoochee River.

Henry County, Alabama
Henry County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,146. Its county seat is Abbeville. The county was named for Patrick Henry, the 18th century Governor of Virginia.

Henry County is part of the Dothan, Alabama metropolitan area.
Georgia State Route 96
State Route 96 (SR 96) is a 94.9-mile-long (152.7 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Talbot, Taylor, Crawford, Peach, Houston, Twiggs, and Wilkinson counties in the west-central and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway travels from its western terminus at US 80/SR 22/SR 41/SR 540 in Geneva to its eastern terminus at US 441/SR 29 south-southeast of Irwinton.

The portion from Geneva to a point west of Fort Valley is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a long-distance route for commercial vehicles that travels from Columbus to Augusta. This segment may also be included as part of the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), an Interstate Highway that is currently entirely in Central Texas and may eventually end in Augusta.

Peach County, Georgia
Peach County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,981. Its county seat is Fort Valley. Founded in 1924, it is the state's newest county, taken from Houston and Macon counties on July 18 of that year. Its namesake is the peach on account of it being located in a peach-growing district.

Peach County is included in the Warner Robins, GA metropolitan statistical area, which is included in the Macon-Warner Robins, GA combined statistical area.
Richard T. Burke
Richard Taylor Burke (born 1943) is an American businessman and the founder of UnitedHealth Group, a large managed healthcare and insurance company. Burke is an avid hockey fan and was responsible for the Winnipeg Jets' move to become the Arizona Coyotes.

UnitedHealth Group
UnitedHealth Group Incorporated is an American multinational for-profit company based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota specializing in health insurance and health care services. Selling insurance products under UnitedHealthcare, and health care services under the Optum brand, it is the world's seventh-largest company by revenue and the largest health care company by revenue. The company is ranked seventh on the 2025 Fortune Global 500.

UnitedHealth Group had a market capitalization of more than $300 billion as of year-end 2025. The company is the largest health insurer in the United States, insuring over 50 million people, and operates globally.

UnitedHealth Group has faced numerous investigations, lawsuits, and fines, including SEC enforcement for stock option backdating, Medicare over-billing, unfair claims practices, mental health treatment denials, and anticompetitive behavior.
Caroline Müller (1755–1826)
Caroline Frederikke Müller née Halle (5 February 1755 – 17 November 1826) also known as Caroline Walther, was a Danish and later naturalized Swedish opera singer (mezzo-soprano).  She was also active as an instructor at the Royal Dramatic Training Academy.  She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music and a Hovsångare.

She was born as Caroline Halle, was known in Denmark as Caroline Walther (1774–80, during her first marriage) and known in Sweden as Caroline Müller (from 1780, after her second marriage).

Marie Louise Marcadet
Marie Louise Marcadet née Baptiste (3 December 1758 – 28 February 1804) was a Swedish opera singer and a dramatic stage actress of French origin. She was active in the Royal Swedish Opera as a singer, and in the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the French Theater of Gustav III as an actress.  She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music from 1795.
Headless guitar
A headless guitar typically refers to an electric guitar or bass made without a traditional headstock.  While string instruments without headstocks have existed for centuries, the idea was not popularized for electric guitars and basses until the early 1980s when Steinberger began producing them.  These guitars typically employ unique bridge and nut designs to accommodate loading strings (with tuning performed at the bridge), and they often use unorthodox body shapes that prioritize ergonomics.  Since their popular reemergence in the 2010s, headless guitars have become largely associated with music genres that require high levels of technical precision, like progressive metal.

Steinberger
Steinberger is a series of distinctive electric guitars and bass guitars, designed and originally manufactured by Ned Steinberger. The name "Steinberger" can be used to refer to either the instruments themselves or the company that originally produced them. Although the name has been applied to a variety of instruments, it is primarily associated with a minimalist "headless" design of electric basses and guitars.
American University of Rome
The American University of Rome (AUR) is a private non-profit American university in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1969, making it the oldest American-accredited university in Italy, and it offers undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, and study abroad programs to English-speaking students from around the globe. The university has over 700 students representing more than 60 nationalities. The university campus is located near the center of Rome on the Janiculum hill in the Monteverde Vecchio neighborhood. The language of instruction is English.

Janiculum
The Janiculum (/dʒəˈnɪkjʊləm/ jə-NIK-yuu-ləm; Italian: Gianicolo [dʒaˈniːkolo]), occasionally known as the Janiculan Hill, is a hill in western Rome, Italy.  Although it is the second-tallest hill (the tallest being Monte Mario) in the contemporary city of Rome, the Janiculum does not figure among the proverbial Seven Hills of Rome, being west of the Tiber and outside the boundaries of the ancient city.
Emmeram of Regensburg
Saint Emmeram of Regensburg (also Emeram(m)us, Emmeran, Emmerano, Emeran, Heimrammi, Haimeran, or Heimeran) was a Christian bishop and a martyr born in Poitiers, Aquitaine. Having heard of idolatry in Bavaria, Emmeram travelled to Ratisbon (Regensburg) some time after the year 649 to the court of Theodo I, Duke of Bavaria. He supposedly travelled up the Loire, crossed through the Black Forest and then followed the Danube to Regensburg. Theodo welcomed Emmeram to his court, where he laboured for three years carrying out missionary work. During this time, he gained a reputation as a pious man. He died circa 652 and is buried in St. Emmeram's in Regensburg, Germany. His feast day in the Catholic Calendar of saints is September 22.

Saint Emmeram's Abbey
Saint Emmeram's Abbey (German: Kloster Sankt Emmeram or Reichsabtei Sankt Emmeram) was a Benedictine monastery founded around 739 at Regensburg in Bavaria (modern-day southeastern Germany) at the grave of the itinerant Frankish bishop Saint Emmeram. The original abbey church is now a parish church named St. Emmeram's Basilica. The other buildings on the site form a large complex known as Schloss Thurn und Taxis or Schloss St. Emmeram, which has served as the main residence of the Thurn und Taxis princely family since the early 19th century.
Goth (novel)
GOTH (ゴス, Gosu) is a Japanese horror novel written by Otsuichi about two high school students fascinated by murder. The novel won the Honkaku Mystery Award in 2003. It was adapted into a manga by Kendi Oiwa. In October 2008, they were published in Japan by Kadokawa. Following this, they were published in English by Tokyopop in September, 2008. In 2008, the novel was adapted into a film of the same title directed by Gen Takahashi. The manga and novel was rereleased in North America by VIZ Media in August 2015. The stories were originally published in a single hardcover edition and then later published in the form of two paperback books.

Goth (2008 film)
Goth is a 2008 Japanese drama film directed by Gen Takahashi. The film stars Kanata Hongô, Rin Takanashi, Kunihiko Ida, Mika Kamiya and Kôtarô Kano in the lead roles. It is based on the novel Goth by Otsuichi.
2009 G20 London summit protests
The 2009 G20 London summit protests occurred in the days around the 2 April 2009 G20 London summit. The summit was the focus of protests from a number of groups over various long-standing and topical issues. These ranged from disquiet over economic policy, anger at the banking system and bankers' remuneration and bonuses, the continued War on terror and concerns over climate change.

Although the majority of the protests were peaceful, the threat of violence and criminal damage were used by police as a reason to detain, or "kettle", protesters as part of Operation Glencoe. More than 100 protesters were arrested and more than 180 reported injuries as a result of police actions. A bystander, Ian Tomlinson, died shortly after being pushed to the ground by a police officer. A second post-mortem revealed that Tomlinson may have died from an abdominal haemorrhage. The inquest into Tomlinson's death found that he was unlawfully killed.

Kettling
Kettling (also known as containment or corralling) is a police tactic for controlling large crowds during demonstrations or protests. It involves the formation of large cordons of police officers who then move to contain a crowd within a limited area. Protesters either leave through an exit controlled by the police, leave through an uncontrolled gap in the cordons, or are contained, prevented from leaving, and arrested.

The tactic has proved controversial, in part because it has resulted in the detention of ordinary bystanders as well as protesters. In March 2012 kettling was ruled lawful by the European Court of Human Rights following a legal challenge.
SNIPE (satellite)
SNIPE (Small scale magNetospheric and Ionospheric Plasma Experiments, Korean: 도요샛) is a CubeSat of South Korea. SNIPE 1, 2, 3, and 4 were launched with the third launch of Nuri on May 25, 2023. There is a plan to conduct joint research with NASA using data observed by SNIPE.

Nuri (rocket)
Nuri (Korean: 누리; lit. world), also known as KSLV-II (Korean Space Launch Vehicle-II), is an expendable, three-stage-to-orbit, small-lift launch vehicle, the second one developed by South Korea and the successor to Naro-1 (KSLV-1). It is developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). All three stages use Korean developed launch vehicle engines, making Nuri the first orbital launch vehicle entirely developed and manufactured in South Korea.
Tha Chill
Vernon Johnson (born December 24, 1970), professionally known by his stage name Tha Chill, is an American rapper and record producer. He embarked on his music career in the early 1990s, as a co-founder of the Compton-based West Coast hip-hop/gangsta rap group Compton's Most Wanted, along with frontman Aaron "MC Eiht" Tyler. During his childhood, Johnson dropped out of high school and hooked up with neighbourhood friend MC Eiht, to form the group.

Big Tray Deee
Tracy Lamar Davis (born April 27, 1966), better known as Big Tray Deee or simply Tray Deee, is an American rapper. He is a member of rap group Tha Eastsidaz (alongside Goldie Loc and Snoop Dogg), as well as the Diirty OGz (alongside Tha Chill, Kurupt and Weazel Loc).
Arnaldo de Peralta
Arnaldo de Peralta was a 13th-century Bishop of Zaragoza in Spain and Aragonese statesman.
He was archdeacon of Lledó before being appointed a bishop.
On 1 Jun 1243 he was appointed Bishop of Valencia, Spain and on 25 Aug 1248 was translated to the see of Zaragoza. He died Bishop of Zaragoza, July 1271.

Archdiocese of Zaragoza
The Archdiocese of Saragossa (Latin: Archidiœcesis Cæsaraugustana; Aragonese: Archidiocesi de Zaragoza) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Zaragoza (Saragossa in English), part of the autonomous community of Aragón. The archdiocese heads the ecclesiastical province of Saragossa, having metropolitan authority over the suffragan dioceses of Barbastro-Monzón, Huesca, Tarazona, and Teruel and Albarracín.

The diocese was created in Roman times; Pope John XXII elevated it to an archdiocese in 1318.