hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Milan Raspopović
Milan Raspopović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Распоповић) was a member of the commission for the establishment of Belgrade Mathematical Gymnasium (abbr. MG) in 1963. He was the first MG physics professor from 1966, and the creator of the MG Physics Curriculum. Milan Raspopović was an MG professor of electronics, and MG principal and director, elected to office in 1970. He served in parallel as both the principal and the director of the Mathematical Gymnasium Belgrade for 32 years until his retirement in 2002.

Mathematical Grammar School
Mathematical Grammar School (Serbian: Математичка гимназија Београд, romanized: Matematička gimnazija Beograd, abbr. "MG" or "MGB"), is a special school for gifted and talented students of mathematics, physics and informatics located in Belgrade, Serbia.

The School has developed its own Mathematical Grammar School Curriculum in various mathematics, physics, and IT subjects. There are approx. 160 teachers employed, mostly scientists. One half of the professors comes from University of Belgrade staff, Institute of Physics Belgrade, and Mathematical Institute of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. More than half of the teachers are former students of the school. The average professors' work experience is 18 years.

In 2011, the school had 550 students aged 12–19. There were 155 girls and 395 boys.
Chandra Shekhar Azad
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari (23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known as Chandra Shekhar Azad, was an Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) under its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the death of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. He hailed from Bardarka village in Unnao district of United Provinces and his parents were Sitaram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi. He often used the pseudonym "Balraj" while signing pamphlets issued as the commander-in-chief of the HSRA.Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru worked closely with him as his pupil.

Ashfaqulla Khan
Ashfaqulla Khan (22 October 1900 – 19 December 1927) was a freedom fighter and  martyr in the Indian independence movement against British rule, and the co-founder of the Hindustan Republican Association, later to become the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
Perfectly orderable graph
In graph theory, a perfectly orderable graph is a graph whose vertices can be ordered in such a way that a greedy coloring algorithm with that ordering optimally colors every induced subgraph of the given graph. Perfectly orderable graphs form a special case of the perfect graphs, and they include the chordal graphs, comparability graphs, and distance-hereditary graphs. However, testing whether a graph is perfectly orderable is NP-complete.

Comparability graph
In graph theory and order theory, a comparability graph is an undirected graph that connects pairs of elements that are comparable to each other in a partial order. Comparability graphs have also been called transitively orientable graphs, partially orderable graphs, containment graphs, and divisor graphs.
An incomparability graph is an undirected graph that connects pairs of elements that are not comparable to each other in a partial order.
2005 Magny-Cours Porsche Supercup round
The 2005 Magny-Cours Porsche Supercup round was a Porsche Supercup motor race held on 3 July 2005 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in Magny-Cours, France. It was the sixth race of the 2005 Porsche Supercup. The race was used to support the 2005 French Grand Prix.

2005 French Grand Prix
The 2005 French Grand Prix  (officially the Formula 1 Grand Prix de France 2005) was a Formula One motor race held on 3 July 2005 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours near Magny-Cours in France. It was the tenth race of the 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship. The 70-lap race was won from pole position by Fernando Alonso, driving a Renault, with Drivers' Championship rival Kimi Räikkönen finishing second in a McLaren-Mercedes and Michael Schumacher third in a Ferrari.
1P-ETH-LAD
1P-ETH-LAD, also known as 1-propionyl-6-ethyl-6-nor-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the 1-propionyl derivative of ETH-LAD and is thought to act as a prodrug of ETH-LAD analogously to how 1P-LSD acts as a prodrug of LSD.

ETH-LAD
ETH-LAD, or ETHLAD, also known as 6-ethyl-6-nor-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; also known as METH-LAD). It is slightly more potent than LSD and is among the most potent psychedelics known. The drug is taken orally.

It acts as a serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. In addition, it binds to dopamine receptors. The drug produces psychedelic-like effects in animals. It is closely structurally related to LSD and to other psychedelic lysergamides like PRO-LAD and AL-LAD.

ETH-LAD was first described in the scientific literature by 1976. Its effects in humans were assessed and reported by Alexander Shulgin in the 1980s and 1990s. The drug was encountered as a novel recreational designer drug in Europe by 2016. In addition, a prodrug of ETH-LAD, 1P-ETH-LAD, has been developed and encountered as a designer drug.
Michel Suleiman
Michel Suleiman (Arabic: ميشال سليمان [miːˈʃæːl sʊleːˈmæːn]; born 21 November 1948) is a Lebanese politician who served as the 12th president of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014. Before becoming president, he served as commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1998 to 2008.

After Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) commander Émile Lahoud took office as president in November 1998, Suleiman succeeded him, taking his place in December. Suleiman was later elected President and was sworn into office on 25 May 2008.

Émile Lahoud
Émile Jamil Lahoud (born 12 January 1936) is a Lebanese politician who served as the 11th president of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007. During his presidency, the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon, that had lasted since 1982, ended in May 2000. He downplayed sectarianism and rearmed the Lebanese army, with help from Syria. Lahoud was closely allied to Syrian president Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, and was seen as playing a key role in preserving the occupation.
Root name server
A root name server is a name server for the root zone of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. It directly answers requests for records in the root zone and answers other requests by returning a list of the authoritative name servers for the appropriate top-level domain (TLD). The root name servers are a critical part of the Internet infrastructure because they are the first step in resolving human-readable host names into IP addresses that are used in communication between Internet hosts.

A combination of limits in the DNS and certain protocols, namely the practical size of unfragmented User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets, resulted in a decision to limit the number of root servers to thirteen server addresses. However, enabled by the use of anycast addressing, the actual number of root server instances—1954—is much larger, as of December 5, 2025.

Anycast
Anycast is a network addressing and routing methodology in which a single IP address is shared by devices (generally servers) in multiple locations. Routers direct packets addressed to this destination to the location nearest the sender, using their normal decision-making algorithms, typically the lowest number of BGP network hops. Anycast routing is widely used by content delivery networks such as web and name servers, to bring their content closer to end users.
Tayyare Apartments
The Tayyare Apartments (initially Ottoman Turkish: Harikzedegân Apartmanları or later Turkish: Tayyare Apartmanları) are a complex of four buildings designed by Turkish architect Mimar Kemaleddin, completed in 1922 and located in the old city of Istanbul, Turkey. The apartments were originally built as public housing for the victims of a great fire, converted later into hotel premises. Formerly Ramada Hotel and then Merit Antique Hotel, the complex is currently a five star hotel of the Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts chain named Crowne Plaza Istanbul Old City.

Mimar Kemaleddin
Ahmed Kemaleddin (Ottoman Turkish: احمد كمال الدين; 1870 – 13 July 1927), widely known as Mimar Kemaleddin (Architect Kemaleddin) was a Turkish architect, and one of the leading figures of the First National architectural movement, alongside Vedat Tek.
South Mountain Railroad (Cumberland)
The South Mountain Railroad was a southcentral Pennsylvania railway line for "connecting the Pine Grove works to the Cumberland Valley R. R." and which provided mining and passenger services via a southwest section from Hunter's Run, Pennsylvania, and a northern section from Hunter's Run to the CVRR junction northeast of Carlisle. The northern section merged with the Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railroad line south from Hunter's Run to the Gettysburg Battlefield in 1891 to create the Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railway line, while the branch southwest from Hunter's Run became the Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad line.

Modernized sections of the South Mountain Railroad remain north of Hunter's Run; while parts of the railbed are available for hiking and biking such as near Carlisle (Letort Spring Run Nature Trail) and the Pine Grove Furnace State Park (Cumberland County Biker/Hiker Trail with section of the Appalachian Trail.)

Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad
The Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad (G. & H. R. R.) was a railway line of Pennsylvania from Hunter's Run southward to Gettysburg in the 19th century. The north junction was with the South Mountain RR, and a crossing with the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad's westward extension was at Gettysburg. The crossing also served as a junction for westbound trains to transfer southward across the Gettysburg Battlefield via the G. & H. R. R.'s Round Top Branch to the company's Little Round Top Park.
Albertet
Albertet is the Occitan diminutive of Albert (given name). It is commonly associated with two troubadours:

Albertet Cailla

Albertet de Sestaro (an unqualified "Albertet" usually means this troubadour)

Albert (given name)
Albert is a masculine given name. It is derived from the Germanic Adalbert and Adelbert, containing the words adal ("noble") and beraht ("bright", compare Robert). It is also less commonly used as a surname. Feminine forms of the name, such as "Alberta" are relatively uncommon and are declining in use.
The Legal Wife
The Legal Wife is a 2014 Philippine television drama series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Rory B. Quintos and Dado C. Lumibao, it stars Angel Locsin, Jericho Rosales, Maja Salvador and JC de Vera. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from January 27 to June 13, 2014, replacing Maria Mercedes and was replaced by Sana Bukas Pa ang Kahapon.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Maria Mercedes (Philippine TV series)
Maria Mercedes is a Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by ABS-CBN. The series is based on the 1992 Mexican drama series of the same title. Directed by Chito S. Roño, Rechie A. del Carmen, Ricky S. Rivero and Nuel C. Naval, it stars Jessy Mendiola, Jake Cuenca and Jason Abalos. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from October 7, 2013 to January 24, 2014, replacing Muling Buksan ang Puso and was replaced by The Legal Wife.
Metropolitan-Vickers
Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse. Highly diversified, it was particularly well known for its industrial electrical equipment such as generators, steam turbines, switchgear, transformers, electronics and railway traction equipment. Metrovick holds a place in history as the builders of the first commercial transistor computer, the Metrovick 950, and the first British axial-flow jet engine, the Metropolitan-Vickers F.2. Its factory in Trafford Park, Manchester, was for most of the 20th century one of the biggest and most important heavy engineering facilities in Britain and the world.

Metropolitan-Vickers F.2
The Metropolitan-Vickers F.2 is an early turbojet engine and the first British design to be based on an axial-flow compressor. It was an extremely advanced design for the era, using a nine-stage axial compressor, annular combustor, and a two-stage turbine.

It first powered a Gloster Meteor in November 1943, outperforming contemporary models from Power Jets. Despite this excellent start, it was considered unreliable and did not see use during the war. In the post-war era, newer engine designs provided much higher performance, and interest in the F.2 waned.

The potential of the engine and the investment did not go to waste, however; the design was passed from Metropolitan-Vickers (Metrovick) to Armstrong Siddeley when Metrovick left the gas turbine business. Armstrong Siddeley produced a larger version as the successful Sapphire.
Pompeo Coppini
Pompeo Luigi Coppini (19 May 1870 – 26 September 1957) was an Italian-American sculptor. Although his works can be found in Italy, Mexico and a number of U.S. states, the majority of his work can be found in Texas. He is particularly famous for the Alamo Plaza work, Spirit of Sacrifice, a.k.a. The Alamo Cenotaph, as well as numerous statues honoring Texan figures, such as Lawrence Sullivan Ross, the fourth President of Texas A&M University.

Alamo Cenotaph
The Alamo Cenotaph, also known as The Spirit of Sacrifice, is a monument in San Antonio, Texas, United States, commemorating the Battle of the Alamo of the Texas Revolution, which was fought at the adjacent Alamo Mission. The monument was erected in celebration of the centenary of the battle, and bears the names of those known to have fought there on the Texas side.
La Trinité-sur-Mer
La Trinité-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [la tʁinite syʁ mɛʁ]; Breton: An Drinded-Karnag) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany, in north-western France. Inhabitants of La Trinité-sur-Mer are called Trinitains.

It is located east of Carnac. The town is primarily a port, with a seaside quay dotted by numerous seafood restaurants. The town is also known for its watersport competitions.

Separated from the well known commune of Carnac in 1864, several of the famous neolithic standing stones in the Carnac stones fall within its boundaries, including the dolmens of Kerdeneven and Kermarquer, and the Petit-Ménec Alignments.

Carnac
Carnac (French pronunciation: [kaʁnak]; Breton: Karnag, pronounced [ˈkaːʁnaɡ]) is a commune beside the Gulf of Morbihan on the south coast of Brittany in the Morbihan department in north-western France.

Its inhabitants are called Carnacois in French. Carnac is renowned for the Carnac stones – one of the most extensive Neolithic menhir collections in the world – as well as its beaches, which are popular with tourists.

Located on a narrow peninsula halfway between the medieval town Vannes and the seaside resort Quiberon, Carnac is split into two centres: Carnac-Ville and Carnac-Plage (the beachfront). In total there are five beaches, including la Grande Plage, and further to the east, Plage Men Dû and Beaumer.
Exchange-rate flexibility
In macroeconomics, a flexible exchange-rate system is a monetary system that allows the exchange rate to be determined by supply and demand.

Every currency area must decide what type of exchange rate arrangement to maintain. Between permanently fixed and completely flexible, some take heterogeneous approaches. They have different implications for the extent to which national authorities participate in foreign exchange markets. According to their degree of flexibility, post-Bretton Woods-exchange rate regimes are arranged into three categories:

Fixed-rate regime: currency unions, dollarized regimes, currency boards and conventional currency pegs

Intermediate regimes: horizontal bands, crawling pegs and crawling bands

Flexible regimes: managed and independent floats

All monetary regimes except for the permanently fixed regime experience the time inconsistency problem and exchange rate volatility, albeit to different degrees.

Crawling peg
In macroeconomics, crawling peg is an exchange rate regime that allows currency depreciation or appreciation to happen gradually. It is usually seen as a part of a fixed exchange rate regime.

The system is a method to fully use the key attributes of the fixed exchange regimes, as well as the flexibility of the floating exchange rate regime. The system is shaped to peg at a certain value, but at the same time is designed to "glide" to respond to external market uncertainties.
Party of Growth
Party of Growth (Russian: Партия Роста, romanized: Partiya Rosta, pronounced [ˈpartʲɪjə ˈrostə]) was a liberal-conservative political party in Russia which had representatives in several local legislatures. Created in March 2016 on the basis of the Right Cause party, the party's main policy stances are liberal free market economy, democracy and protecting the rights of the middle class. The party has been led by Boris Titov since its founding. The party was a member of the pro-Putin All-Russia People's Front.

On November 20, 2025, the party was dissoluted.

Right Cause
Right Cause (PD), officially the All-Russian Political Party “Right Cause”, was an officially registered centre-right Russian political party that existed from 2008 to 2016. It was created from the merger of three parties: Civilian Power, the Democratic Party of Russia (DPR), and the Union of Right Forces, and it declared itself liberal.

On 26 March 2016, it was renamed to Party of Growth under the chairmanship of Boris Titov.

After this reorganization and name change by the former chairman of the party Vyacheslav Maratkanov, the public movement "Right Cause" was created.
UFO: Aftermath
UFO: Aftermath is a 2003 real-time tactics/turn-based strategy video game created by ALTAR Interactive. It is a homage to the X-COM game series, with roots in the unfinished game The Dreamland Chronicles: Freedom Ridge. It was followed by two sequels, UFO: Aftershock (2005) and UFO: Afterlight (2007).

The game's concept is similar to the unreleased X-COM: Genesis. The player assumes the role of commander of the last humans left on Earth and guides the forces through the crisis to eventually overcome the alien threat. UFO: Aftermath combines global strategy with tactical missions, including an RPG-style approach to each soldier's attributes and skills.

The Dreamland Chronicles: Freedom Ridge
The Dreamland Chronicles: Freedom Ridge is an unreleased video game for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 2 by Mythos Games. Developed by the team which produced UFO: Enemy Unknown, including lead designer Julian Gollop, the game was planned to be "a remake of the first X-COM with 3D graphics," as the first of four games planned in the new series. Cancelled in 2001, the unfinished game was later bought and partially turned into UFO: Aftermath by Altar Interactive, which was in turn itself followed by two sequels. Some elements of the game are also present in Gollop's own Phoenix Point.
Galit Chait
Galit Chait (Hebrew: גלית חייט, Galit Hayat; born on January 29, 1975) is an Israeli former competitive ice dancer. She and her partner Sergei Sakhnovski competed internationally for Israel from 1995 to 2006, becoming the 2002 World bronze medalists.

Sergei Sakhnovski
Sergei Sakhnovski (Hebrew: סרגיי סחנובסקי, Russian: Серге́й Сахно́вский; born May 15, 1975) is an Israeli ice dancer. With partner Galit Chait, he is the 2002 World bronze medalist for Israel. With previous partner Ekaterina Svirina, he is the 1993 World Junior champion for Russia.
Nash, Texas
Nash is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, and a suburb of Texarkana. It is part of the Texarkana metropolitan area. The population was 2,960 at the 2010 census, up from 2,169 at the 2000 census. In 2020, its population was 3,814, representing continued population growth as a suburban community.

Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, in the Ark-La-Tex region. Located approximately 180 miles (290 km) from Dallas, Texarkana is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. The Texas city's population was 36,193 at the 2020 census.

The city and its Arkansas counterpart form the core of the Texarkana metropolitan statistical area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. The two cities had a combined population of 65,580 in the 2020 decennial census, and the metropolitan area had a population of 149,482.
Surrealist techniques
Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature uses numerous techniques and games to provide inspiration. Many of these are said to free imagination by producing a creative process free of conscious control. The importance of the unconscious as a source of inspiration is central to the nature of surrealism.

The Surrealist movement has been a fractious one since its inception.  The value and role of the various techniques has been one of many subjects of disagreement. Some Surrealists consider automatism and games to be sources of inspiration only, while others consider them starting points for finished works. Others consider the items created through automatism to be finished works themselves, needing no further refinement.

Surrealist automatism
Surrealist automatism is a method of art-making in which the artist suppresses conscious control over the making process, allowing the unconscious mind to have great sway. This drawing technique was popularized in the early 1920s, by André Masson and Hans Arp.
Ialpug
The Ialpug (Romanian: Râul Ialpug) or Yalpuh (Ukrainian: Ялпуг) is a river that crosses Moldova and the Odesa Oblast of Ukraine.

The river is a left tributary of the Danube, the Black Sea basin. It flows into Lake Yalpuh. The largest settlements in the Yalpug valley are Comrat (Moldova) and Bolgrad (Ukraine).

In order to reduce the negative impact of floods and efficient water use, reservoirs were built on the river in the 20th century. The main anthropogenic impact on the state of the river is exerted by industrial and economic facilities located in its valley. The water of the Yalpug river is polluted with sulfates and chlorides.

Lake Yalpuh
Yalpuh (Ukrainian: Озеро Ялпуг) is a freshwater lake located in the southern Ukrainian oblast of Odesa. The largest natural lake in Ukraine.

Yalpug is located in a temperate climate zone with warm summers and cold winters. The water level in the lake fluctuates seasonally: minimum in winter and autumn, maximum in spring and summer.

Through Lake Kugurluy, rivers and straits, the lake are connected to the Danube.

Lake Yalpug is home to up to 40 species of fish, many of which are of commercial importance.

The lake is used for water supply to settlements, fish farming, recreation, and in the summer months - for irrigation purposes. The largest town on Yalpuh's shores is Bolhrad.