hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clybourne Park
Clybourne Park is a 2010 play by Bruce Norris inspired by Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun (1959). It portrays fictional events set during and after the Hansberry play, and is loosely based on historical events that took place in the city of Chicago. It premiered in February 2010 at Playwrights Horizons in New York. The play received its UK premiere at the Royal Court Theatre in London in a production directed by Dominic Cooke. The play received its Chicago premiere at Steppenwolf Theatre Company in a production directed by Steppenwolf ensemble member Amy Morton. As described by The Washington Post, the play "applies a modern twist to the issues of race and housing and aspirations for a better life." Clybourne Park was awarded the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the 2012 Tony Award for Best Play.

A Raisin in the Sun
A Raisin in the Sun is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway in 1959. The title comes from the poem "Harlem" (also known as "A Dream Deferred") by Langston Hughes. The story tells of a black family's experiences on the south side of Chicago, as they attempt to improve their financial circumstances with an insurance payout following the death of their father, and deals with matters of housing discrimination, racism, and assimilation. The New York Drama Critics' Circle named it the best play of 1959, and in the 21st century publications such as The Independent and Time Out have listed it among the best plays ever written.
Luce Fabbri
Luce Fabbri (pen name, Luz de Alba; 1908–2000) was an Italian-Uruguayan anarchist writer, publisher and teacher. The daughter of Luigi Fabbri, she wrote for anarchist publications from an early age. After studying literature at university, she fled Fascist Italy and joined her parents in exile, eventually making her way to Uruguay. There she witnessed the rapidly changing conditions of the period, began publishing her own journals and writing her own theories on anarchist revolution. She spent the rest of her life teaching at the University of the Republic .

Luigi Fabbri
Luigi Fabbri (1877–1935) was an Italian anarchist writer and educator. He agitated against wars by the Kingdom of Italy and contributed to the Italian anarchist press. He was forced to flee the country after the rise of the fascist regime. He was the father of Luce Fabbri.
Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
Tala'i ibn Ruzzik (Arabic: طلائع ﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﻳﻚ, romanized: Ṭalāʾīʿ ibn Ruzzīk, with his full titles and surnames Abū'l-Gharāt Fāris al-Muslimīn al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ Ṭalāʾīʿ ibn Ruzzīk al-Ghassānī al-Armanī) was a military commander and official of the Fatimid Caliphate, serving as its vizier from 1154 until his assassination in 1161, when he was succeeded by his son, Ruzzik ibn Tala'i. He is generally acknowledged as the last of the powerful and capable viziers of the Fatimid state. During his tenure the Fatimid Caliphate regained a measure of stability, and was once again able to project its power abroad and pursue its political interests in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
Abū Shujāʿ Ruzzīk ibn Ṭalāʾiʿ was the son of the Twelver Shi'a Armenian vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate, Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, and succeeded his father when the latter was assassinated in September 1161. He was himself overthrown by the Bedouin military commander Shawar in early 1163 and executed in August 1163.
Launch Entry Suit
The Launch Entry Suit (LES), known as the "pumpkin suit", is a partial-pressure suit that was worn by all Space Shuttle crews for the ascent and entry portions of flight from STS-26 (1988) to STS-65 (1994). It was completely phased out by STS-88 (late 1998) and replaced by the ACES suit. The suit was manufactured by the David Clark Company of Worcester, Massachusetts.

Advanced Crew Escape Suit
The Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES), or "pumpkin suit", is a full pressure suit that Space Shuttle crews began wearing after STS-64, for the ascent and entry portions of flight.  The suit is a direct descendant of the U.S. Air Force high-altitude pressure suits worn by the two-man crews of the SR-71 Blackbird, pilots of the U-2 and X-15, and Gemini pilot-astronauts, and the Launch Entry Suits (LES) worn by NASA astronauts starting on the STS-26 flight, the first flight after the Challenger disaster. The suit is manufactured by the David Clark Company of Worcester, Massachusetts. Cosmetically the suit is very similar to the LES. ACES was first used in 1994 on STS-64.
Inyo Mountains salamander
The Inyo Mountains salamander (Batrachoseps campi) or Inyo slender salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae that is endemic to the Inyo Mountains of California in the western United States.

Inyo Mountains
The Inyo Mountains are a short mountain range east of the Sierra Nevada in eastern California in the United States. The range separates the Owens Valley to the west from Saline Valley to the east, extending for approximately 70 miles (110 km) south-southeast from the southern end of the White Mountains, from which they are separated by Westgard Pass, to the east of Owens Lake.

Geologically, the mountains are a fault block range in the Basin and Range Province, at the western end of the Great Basin. They are considered to be among the most important and best-known Late Proterozoic to Cambrian sections in the United States.
Wittington Investments
Wittington Investments Limited is the name of two privately owned holding companies, one based in Britain, the other in Canada. Both companies are controlled by the Weston family. Through these holding companies, the Weston family control some of the biggest names in food and retail on both sides of the Atlantic, including Loblaws and Associated British Foods.

Associated British Foods
Associated British Foods plc (ABF) is a British multinational food processing and retailing company headquartered in London, England.

Its ingredients division is the world's second-largest producer of both sugar and baker's yeast and a major producer of other ingredients including emulsifiers, enzymes and lactose. Its grocery division is a major manufacturer of both branded and private label grocery products and includes the brands Mazola, Ovaltine, Ryvita, Jordans, Kingsmill and Twinings. Its retail division, Primark, has some 384 stores across several countries, predominantly Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, and the UK. ACH Food Companies is an American subsidiary.

Associated British Foods is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
1974 French Mount Everest expedition
On 9 September 1974, the West Ridge Direct on Mount Everest was attempted by a French expedition. It resulted in the deaths of six climbers in an avalanche on the way to the summit. These deaths took the total number of fatalities on the mountain to 36.

The team consisted of:

Gérard Devouassoux

Claude Ancey (survived)

Lhakpa (Sherpa)

Sanu Wongal (Sherpa)

Pemba Dorje (Sherpa)

Nawang Lutuk (Sherpa)

Nima Wangchu (Sherpa)

In comparison, six Sherpas died on 5 April 1970 due to an avalanche in the Khumbu Icefall (see 1970 Mount Everest disaster). Other bad years were 1982 and 1996, although none of these years claimed as many lives as were lost in the avalanches of 2014 and 2015.

1970 Mount Everest disaster
The 1970 Mt. Everest disaster is the term for the avalanche death of six Nepalese Sherpa porters on 5 April 1970, who were killed on the Khumbu Icefall of Mount Everest while assisting the Japanese Everest Skiing Expedition 1970 climbing expedition.  Four days later Sherpa Kyak Tsering, a porter on a different Japanese Mt. Everest expedition, was killed by ice falling from a serac. Later, Yūichirō Miura, the focus of the film expedition, became the first person to ski down Everest.

The icefall, which lies between Base Camp and Camp I, has been the site of numerous fatalities, including those in the 2014 Mount Everest ice avalanche.  The six 1970 victims were Mima Norbu, Nima Dorje, Tshering Tarkey, Pasang, Kunga Norbu, and Kami Tshering.
Vanxim
Vanxim or Capão is an island of Goa situated in the Ilhas region. It can be reached by ferry from Divar. The colonial name for Vanxim was Capão. The island has many houses with few villagers, many of whom are fisher-folk. Silveiras, Furtados, Vas, and Olivera are surnames of people there. Mahendra Gaunekar sold parts of the island to Ozone corporate. A luxury hotel and golf course were planned for the island but faced resistance from alert islanders and others.

It is the smallest of 6 major islands within the Mandovi, the others being:

Ilhas de Goa,

Chorão,

Divar,

Cumbarjua,

St Estevam and

Several other small mangrove islands and sand banks.

Chorão (island)
Chorão (formerly known as Choddnnem) is an island along the Mandovi River near Tiswadi, Goa, India. It is the largest among other 17 islands of Goa. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) away from the state capital, the city of Panaji and 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) away from the city of Mapusa.

Chorão is accessible by the ferry from Ribandar. Chorão village is known for its Luso-Goan churches and houses. It is also known for its bird sanctuary. It is one of six major islands between the Mandovi and Zuari, the others being:

Ilha de Goa;

Divar;

Cumbarjua;

St Estevam;

Vanxim; and

Several other small mangrove islands and sand banks.
Diocese of Hradec Králové
The Diocese of Hradec Králové (Latin: Reginae Gradecen(sis), German: Bistum Königgrätz) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Hradec Králové in the Ecclesiastical Province of Prague in the Czech Republic.

Archdiocese of Prague
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Prague (Praha) (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Pragensis; Czech: Metropolitní Arcidiecéze Pražská) is a Metropolitan Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Bohemia, in the Czech Republic.

The cathedral archiepiscopal see is St. Vitus Cathedral, in the Bohemian and Czech capital Prague, entirely situated inside the Prague Castle complex. Stanislav Přibyl is the current metropolitan archbishop.
Black Sea Germans
The Black Sea Germans (German: Schwarzmeerdeutsche; Russian: черноморские немцы, romanized: chernomorskiye nemtsy; Ukrainian: чорноморські німці, romanized: chornomors'ki nimtsi) are ethnic Germans who left their homelands (starting in the late-18th century, but mainly in the early-19th century at the behest of Emperor Alexander I of Russia, r. 1801–1825), and settled in territories off the north coast of the Black Sea, mostly in the territories of the southern Russian Empire (including modern-day Ukraine).

Black Sea Germans are distinct from similar groups of settlers (Crimean Goths, the Bessarabia Germans, Crimea Germans, Dobrujan Germans, Russian Mennonites, Volga Germans, and Volhynian Germans), who are separate chronologically, geographically and culturally, but not mutually exclusive groups.

Crimea Germans
The Crimea Germans (German: Krimdeutsche, Ukrainian: Кримські німці, Russian: Крымские немцы) were ethnic German settlers who were invited by Russia to colonize the Crimea as part of the Ostsiedlung ("East Settlement").
5.8×42mm
The 5.8×42mm / DBP87 (Chinese: 弹，步枪，普通 87; pinyin: Dàn, Bùqiāng, Pŭtōng, 87, lit. 'Cartridge, Rifle, Standard, '87') is a military bottlenecked intermediate cartridge developed in the People's Republic of China. There is limited information on this cartridge, although the People's Liberation Army claims that it is superior to the 5.56×45mm NATO and Soviet 5.45×39mm cartridges. It was officially adopted in 1987.

Another variant called the DBP88 "heavy round" was designed specifically for squad automatic weapons and designated marksman rifles. The 5.8×42mm "heavy round" cartridge has the same dimensions as the standard 5.8×42mm cartridge, but utilizes a longer streamlined bullet with a heavy steel core for increased performance at extended ranges and penetration. As of 2019, all 5.8×42mm cartridge variants have been succeeded by the DBP191 variant.

5.45×39mm
The 5.45×39 mm cartridge is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge. It was introduced into service in 1974 by the Soviet Union for use with the new AK-74. The 5.45×39 mm gradually supplemented and then largely replaced the 7.62×39mm cartridge in Soviet and Warsaw Pact service as the primary military service rifle cartridge.
Remington Model 878
The Remington Model 878, also known as the 878 Automaster, is a gas-operated semi-automatic shotgun made by Remington Arms from 1959 to 1963. The Model 878 was based on the company's previously introduced Model 58, both of which were succeeded by the Model 1100.

Remington Model 58
The Remington Model 58, also known as the Sportsman 58, is a semi-automatic shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms in the mid-20th century.  It was Remington's first gas operated shotgun and was marketed alongside the recoil operated Model 11-48.  The Model 58 was manufactured in 12, 16, and 20 gauge from 1956 to 1963, until it was replaced by the Model 1100.
U.S. Route 36 in Illinois
In the U.S. state of Illinois, U.S. Route 36 (US 36) is an east–west highway that runs across the central portion of the state. It runs east from Missouri over the Mark Twain Memorial Bridge over the Mississippi River with Interstate 72. The eastern terminus of U.S. 36 in Illinois is located near the unincorporated area of Raven near the Illinois-Indiana state line. This is a distance of 216.47 miles (348.37 km).

Interstate 72
Interstate 72 (I-72) is an Interstate Highway in the Midwestern United States. Its western terminus is in Hannibal, Missouri, at an intersection with U.S. Route 61 (US 61); its eastern terminus is at University Avenue and Church Street in Champaign, Illinois. The route runs through the major cities of Decatur, Illinois, and Springfield, Illinois. In 2006, the Illinois General Assembly dedicated all of I-72 as Purple Heart Memorial Highway. The stretch between Springfield and Decatur is also called Penny Severns Memorial Expressway, and the section between mile 35 and the Mississippi River is known as the Free Frank McWorter Historic Highway.
Kildare railway station
Kildare railway station is a railway station in Kildare along the Dublin to Cork main line, and is served by Dublin commuter services as well as intercity services from Dublin station to Limerick, Galway, Westport, Waterford, and Tralee.

It has three tracks, one for through services and two platforms. As the first major station on the south- and west-bound line from Heuston station, it is served, or at least passed-through, by a large number of trains.  It is also used by timber trains and container trains travelling between Waterford and County Mayo to run round.

Heuston station
Heuston Station, (/ˈhjuːstən/ ⓘ HEW-stən; Irish: Stáisiún Heuston; formerly Kingsbridge Station) also known as Dublin Heuston, is one of Dublin's largest railway stations and links the capital with the south, southwest and west of Ireland. It is operated by Iarnród Éireann (IÉ), the national railway operator. It also houses the head office of its parent company, Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ). The station is named in honour of Seán Heuston, an executed leader of the 1916 Easter Rising, who had worked in the station's offices.
Korean era name
Korean era names were titles adopted in historical Korea for the purpose of year identification and numbering. Era names were used during the period of Silla, Goguryeo, Balhae, Taebong, Goryeo, Joseon, and the Korean Empire. Various Korean regimes officially adopted the era names of Chinese dynasties.

Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. Since the middle of the 6th century CE, various Korean regimes started to use era names.

Chinese era name
Chinese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, or more formally in 110 BCE. This system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.
CDC Geelong
CDC Geelong, formerly known as Benders Busways, is a bus company operating in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, with routes as well as charters. It is a subsidiary of CDC Victoria, in turn a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Australia, in turn a subsidiary of Singapore-based ComfortDelGro.

CDC Victoria
CDC Victoria is a transport company which operates in Victoria and is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Australia. It was renamed from Kefford Corporation, which was acquired by ComfortDelGro Cabcharge (predecessor of ComfortDelGro Australia) in February 2009.

The head office of CDC Victoria and its Operations and Customer Centre (OCC) are located in CDC Melbourne's Wyndham depot in the suburb of Truganina, opened in December 2017.
Mangatainoka
Mangatainoka is a small settlement in the Tararua District of New Zealand's North Island. It is located on the banks of the Mangatainoka River, 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Pahiatua.

Mangatainoka is home to the Tui Brewery, which ceased brewing in 2021. It also has a golf course.

Pahiatua
Pahiatua (Māori: Pahīatua) is a rural service town in the south-eastern North Island of New Zealand with a population of 2,830. It is between Masterton and Woodville on State Highway 2 and along the Wairarapa Line railway, 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Masterton and 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Palmerston North. It is usually regarded as being in the Northern Wairarapa. For local government purposes, since 1989 it has been in the Tararua District, which encompasses Eketāhuna, Pahiatua, Woodvillle, Dannevirke, Norsewood and the far east of the Manawatū-Whanganui region.
Fort Bunker Hill
Fort Bunker Hill was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today very little remains of the structure.

Fort Saratoga
Fort Saratoga was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, nothing remains of the structure.
Assault Girls
Assault Girls (アサルトガールズ) is a 2009 Japanese science fiction film written and directed by Mamoru Oshii. It was released in Japan on December 19, 2009. The movie was developed as a spiritual sequel to the Assault Girl: Hinako The Kentucky and Assault Girl 2 shorts Oshii directed as part of the Shin-Onna Tachiguishi Retsuden and Rebellion: The Killing Isle collections of short films respectively. It is also set in the same fictional universe as Oshii's Avalon 2001 film but it is not a direct sequel.

Avalon (2001 film)
Avalon (Japanese: アヴァロン, Hepburn: Avaron), also known as Gate to Avalon, is a 2001 Polish-language science fiction drama film directed by Mamoru Oshii and written by Kazunori Itō. An international co-production of Japan and Poland, the film stars Małgorzata Foremniak as Ash, a player in an illegal virtual reality video game whose sense of reality is challenged as she attempts to unravel the true nature and purpose of the game.

Avalon was filmed in Wrocław, Nowa Huta, the Modlin Fortress and Warsaw. The 2009 film Assault Girls, which was written and directed by Oshii, is a stand-alone sequel set in the same fictional universe as Avalon.
Meghe Dhaka Tara (2013 film)
Meghe Dhaka Tara (transl. Cloud Capped Star;
Bengali pronunciation: [meːɡʱeː ɖʱaːkaː taːra]) is a 2013 Indian Bengali film directed by Kamaleswar Mukherjee and made under Shree Venkatesh Films banners. The film is inspired by the life and works of Bengali film director Ritwik Ghatak. The entire film is in black and white except the last scene which has been shot in colour. In this film Saswata Chatterjee plays the character of Nilkantha Bagchi and Ananya Chatterjee plays the role of Durga, Nilkantha's wife. The film was released on 14 June 2013. Besides giving an account of Ghatak's life, the film also depicts the socio-political environment of contemporary West Bengal during the Tebhaga and Naxalite movements.

Anandabazar Patrika, after a special screening of the film in November 2012, wrote in their review that this film had potential to become a "classic" film. The acting of Saswata Chatterjee as Nilkantha Bagchi was widely appreciated too.

Nilkantha Bagchi
Nilkantha Bagchi (alternative spelling Neelkantha Bagchi) is an iconic Bengali cinema character that first appeared in 1977 in Ritwik Ghatak's Jukti Takko Aar Gappo. In the 2013 film Meghe Dhaka Tara, the character portrayed by Saswata Chatterjee was named Nilkantha Bagchi. Chatterjee's character was based on the personality of Ritwik Ghatak.

The character of Debshankar, a painter, in the 2009 Bengali film Chha-e Chhuti, partially resembled Ritwik Ghatak's personality and Nilkantha Bagchi of Jukti Takko Aar Gappo. Debshankar delivered one of the most memorable quotations from Jukti Takko Aar Gappo, saying, ভাবো, ভাবা প্র্যাকটিস কর ("Think, practice thinking").
Anthracene
Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes, as a scintillator to detect high energy particles, as production of pharmaceutical drugs. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400–500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation.

Scintillator
A scintillator (/ˈsɪntɪleɪtər/ SIN-til-ay-ter) is a material that exhibits scintillation (also termed radioluminescence), a kind of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation. Luminescent materials, when struck by an incoming particle, absorb its energy and scintillate (i.e. re-emit the absorbed energy in the form of light). Sometimes, the excited state is metastable, so the relaxation back down from the excited state to lower states is delayed (necessitating anywhere from a few nanoseconds to hours depending on the material). The process then corresponds to one of two phenomena: delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence. The correspondence depends on the type of transition and hence the wavelength of the emitted optical photon.
Deutscher Science Fiction Preis
Deutscher Science Fiction Preis is a German literary award. Together with the Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis, it is one of the most prestigious awards for German science fiction literature. The award was established in 1985 by the Science Fiction Club Deutschland, a German Science Fiction society. Each year, the award is given to the best German science fiction short story and the best German novel from the previous year.

Kurd Laßwitz Award
The Kurd Laßwitz Award (German: Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis) is a science fiction award from Germany. The award is named after the science fiction author Kurd Laßwitz. Only works originally published in German are eligible for nomination in all categories except for the Foreign Work category.

Wolfgang Jeschke has won the award 19 times in four different categories, while Andreas Eschbach has won the prize 11 times in two different categories. The foreign-language category includes novels, stories, collections and non-fiction. Iain Banks and China Miéville won the foreign-language prize four times. Other authors to win multiple times are Hans Joachim Alpers, Carl Amery, Herbert W. Franke, Ian McDonald, Michael Marrak, and Connie Willis.