hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finitely generated abelian group
In abstract algebra, an abelian group  is called finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements  in  such that every  in  can be written in the form  for some integers . In this case, we say that the set  is a generating set of  or that  generate . So, finitely generated abelian groups can be thought of as a generalization of cyclic groups.

Every finite abelian group is finitely generated. The finitely generated abelian groups can be completely classified.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Jimmy Bower
Jimmy Bower (born September 19, 1968) is an American musician, best known as the guitarist for sludge metal band Eyehategod and drummer for southern metal supergroup Down. He has previously also played drums with Crowbar (with Down bandmates Kirk Windstein and Todd Strange) and Corrosion of Conformity (with Down bandmate Pepper Keenan), and rhythm guitar in Superjoint (with Down bandmate Phil Anselmo).

Pepper Keenan
Pepper J. Keenan (born May 8, 1967) is an American guitarist and vocalist, best known for his work with heavy metal bands Corrosion of Conformity and Down. He joined Corrosion of Conformity in 1989, but did not become the lead singer until the recording of Deliverance in 1994. In 1991, Keenan formed Down with Phil Anselmo of Pantera, Jimmy Bower of Eyehategod, and Kirk Windstein and Todd Strange of Crowbar.
Kate Westbrook (musician)
Kate Westbrook (born 18 September 1939) is an English painter and musician. Her musical work centres on her career as a vocalist, predominantly with the bands of her husband, British composer and bandleader Mike Westbrook. She also works extensively as librettist and doubles as instrumentalist (tenor horn and piccolo).

Mike Westbrook
Michael John David Westbrook OBE  (born 21 March 1936) is an English jazz pianist, composer, and writer of orchestrated jazz pieces. He is married to the musician, librettist and painter Kate Westbrook.
History of Northwich
The history of Northwich can be traced back to the Roman period.  The area around Northwich has been exploited for its salt pans since this time.  The town has been severely affected by salt mining with subsidence historically being a large issue.  A programme of mine stabilisation has recently been undertaken.

Northwich is a wich town in Cheshire, England. It lies in the heart of the Cheshire Plain, at the confluence of the River Weaver and the River Dane. The town is approximately 18 miles (29.0 km) east of Chester and 15 miles (24.1 km) south of Warrington.

Northwich
Northwich is a market town and civil parish in the Cheshire West and Chester borough of Cheshire, England. It lies on the Cheshire Plain, at the confluence of the rivers Weaver and Dane, 18 miles (29 km) east of Chester, 15 miles (24 km) south of Warrington, 19 miles (31 km) south of Manchester, 69 miles (111 km) north of Birmingham, and 36 miles (58 km) south-east of Liverpool. The population of the parish was 22,726 at the 2021 census.

The area around Northwich was exploited for its salt pans by the Romans, when the settlement was known as Condate. The town had been severely affected by salt mining and subsidence was historically a significant problem. Mine stabilisation work was completed in 2007.
Windsor & Eton F.C. (1892)
Windsor & Eton F.C. was an English association football club based in Windsor, Berkshire, last playing in the Southern League Premier Division in 2010–11, until it was wound up on 2 February 2011 due to large debts. A new club, Windsor F.C., was formed to compete from the 2011–12 season onwards.
In 2023, a new Windsor & Eton was formed, based at Stag Meadow, the lease of the ground was awarded to Windsor & Eton Football Club & as a result Windsor FC were forced to move to Beaconsfield.

Windsor & Eton F.C. (2023)
Windsor & Eton Football Club is an English association football club based in Windsor, Berkshire. They are currently members of the Combined Counties League Premier Division North and play at Stag Meadow, Windsor.
Tilt (poker)
Tilt  is a poker term for a state of mental or emotional confusion or frustration in which a player adopts a suboptimal strategy, usually resulting in the player becoming overly aggressive. Tilting is closely associated with another poker term, "steam".

Placing an opponent on tilt or dealing with being on tilt oneself is an important aspect of poker.  It is a relatively frequent occurrence due to frustration, animosity against other players, or simply bad luck.

The term originated from pinball where physically tilting the machine causes some games to flash the word "TILT" and freeze the flippers.

Tilt is also common in other games, especially chess and esports. Tilting in esports causes players to "lose control due to anger". The most extreme reaction is termed a "ragequit", angrily leaving the match or quitting the game, physically turning off the device or breaking a part like a monitor or control device by smashing it.

Glossary of poker terms
The following is a glossary of poker terms used in the card game of poker.  It supplements the glossary of card game terms.  Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of common and uncommon poker slang terms. This is not intended to be a formal dictionary; precise usage details and multiple closely related senses are omitted here in favor of concise treatment of the basics.
BC-STV
BC-STV is the proposed voting system recommended by the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform in October 2004 for use in British Columbia, and belongs to the single transferable vote family of voting systems. BC-STV was supported by a majority (57.7 percent) of the voters in a referendum held in 2005 but the government had legislated that it would not be bound by any vote lower than 60 percent in favour.  Because of the strong majority support for BC-STV, the government elected to stage a second referendum in 2009, but with increased public funding for information campaigns to better inform the electorate about the differences between the existing and proposed systems. The leadership of both the "yes" side and the "no" side were assigned by the government. The proposal was rejected with 60.9 percent voting against, vs. 39.1 percent in favour, in the 2009 vote.

2009 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
Following the 2005 electoral reform referendum, British Columbia held a second referendum on electoral reform in conjunction with the provincial election on May 12, 2009. As in 2005, voters in 2009 were asked were asked which electoral system should be used to elect legislators: the existing first-past-the-post electoral system or the BC single transferable vote electoral system (BC-STV) proposed by the British Columbia Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform to ensure more proportional representation in the provincial Legislative Assembly.

The referendum was defeated, with 60.9 percent voting against the reform and 39.09 percent of voters supporting the change.

BC later held another referendum on electoral reform in 2018.
Nieuport 16
The Nieuport 16 C.1 (or Nieuport XVI C.1 in contemporary sources) was a French World War I single-seat sesquiplane fighter aircraft, designed by Gustave Delage as a development of the Nieuport 11 with a more powerful engine. The Nieuport 16's service life coincided with the period when the first air-to-air rockets, the Le Prieur rocket, were used most frequently, and the type has a closer association with them than any other aircraft.

Nieuport 11
The Nieuport 11 (or Nieuport XI C.1 in contemporary sources), nicknamed the Bébé, is a French World War I single seat sesquiplane fighter aircraft, designed by Gustave Delage. It was the primary aircraft that ended the Fokker Scourge in 1916. The type saw service with several of France's allies, and gave rise to the series of "vee-strut" Nieuport fighters that remained in service (latterly as trainers) into the 1920s.
Wang Quanzhang
Wang Quanzhang (Chinese: 王全璋; pinyin: Wáng Quánzhāng, born 15 February 1976) is a Chinese human rights lawyer from Wulian County, Shandong. Wang is known for defending 
clients in politically sensitive cases against the Chinese government, which led to his arrest in the 709 crackdown. He was then sentenced to four and a half years in prison for subverting state power. After Wang's release in 2020, Wang has been monitored, his landlords have been pressured to evict his family, and his son has been barred from attending school.

709 crackdown
The 709 Crackdown (Chinese: 中国709维权律师大抓捕事件; pinyin: Zhōngguó 709 wéiquán lǜshī dàzhuābǔ shìjiàn; lit. 'China 709 mass arrest of civil rights lawyers incident' or 709案 '709 Case' for short) was a nationwide crackdown on Chinese lawyers and human rights activists during the summer of 2015. It is known as the "709 crackdown" as it started on 9 July 2015.

Yaqiu Wang of Human Rights Watch commented that "the 709 crackdown dealt a terrible blow to China's rights-defense movement, which significantly contracted as rights lawyers were jailed, disbarred or placed under surveillance".
Blue Joker
Blue Joker, a rainbow code name, was an experimental moored balloon-mounted, airborne early-warning radar project developed by the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) starting in 1953. The idea was to position the radar high in the air in order to extend its radar horizon and allow it to see low-flying aircraft. Ground reflections were filtered out using a moving target indicator (MTI) system. Two examples were built and tested in the late 1950s, but the project was cancelled in 1960 as part of the Linesman/Mediator efforts.

Rainbow Code
The Rainbow Codes were a series of code names used to disguise the nature of various British military research projects. They were mainly used by the Ministry of Supply from the end of the Second World War until 1958, when the ministry was broken up and its functions distributed among the forces. The codes were replaced by an alphanumeric code system, consisting of two letters followed by three digits.
Wizards of the Lost Kingdom
Wizards of the Lost Kingdom is a 1985 Argentinian-American sword and sorcery film written by Ed Naha and directed by Héctor Olivera. It stars Bo Svenson as Kor the Conqueror, Vidal Peterson as Simon, and Thom Christopher as Shurka. The film is one of ten that Roger Corman produced in Argentina during the 1980s, beginning with Deathstalker in 1983.

The sequel Wizards of the Lost Kingdom II followed in 1989.

It was one of the first eight films distributed by Corman's new company, Concorde Pictures, along with The Devastator, Naked Vengeance, Wheels of Fire, Loose Screws (Screwballs II), School Spirit, Barbarian Queen, and Streetwalkin’.

Deathstalker (1983 film)
Deathstalker, also known as El cazador de la muerte, is a 1983 sword and sorcery film directed by James Sbardellati (credited as John Watson), and starring Rick Hill, Barbi Benton, Bernard Erhard and Lana Clarkson.

An international co-production of Argentina and the United States, it was the first in a series of five films about the Deathstalker character and his adventures, and the first of ten films that Roger Corman produced in Argentina during the 1980s.
Paul March
Paul March (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional rugby league coach who is the head coach of the Dewsbury Rams in the RFL Championship and a former professional rugby league footballer.

He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity (two spells), Huddersfield Giants, York City Knights, Hunslet hawks and Keighley Cougars as a stand-off, scrum-half, hooker or loose forward, and coached at club level for York City Knights, Hunslet, Keighley Cougars and the Thornhill Trojans ARLFC. in 2021 March became head coach of Shaw Cross Sharks achieving back to back promotions into the National Conference League division 1. In March 2024 he became assistant coach of Dewsbury Rams under then head coach Dale Ferguson. After Ferguson stepped down, after a poor start to the 2024 Championship season, March then became head coach. Winning only two games all season, Dewsbury were relegated to League One.

Dale Ferguson (rugby league)
Dale Ferguson (born 13 April 1988) is a former Scottish International professional rugby league footballer who played as Loose forward or Second-row

He previously played in the Super League for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the Huddersfield Giants in two separate spells, as well spending time at Hull Kingston Rovers on loan from Huddersfield. He has also played for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and the Championship. In 2019 he was loaned from the Giants to Featherstone in the Championship. He played one game for the England Knights side in 2012.
Beta (plant)
Beta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae.  The best known member is the common beet, Beta vulgaris, but several other species are recognised.  Almost all have common names containing the word "beet". Wild Beta species can be found throughout the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Mediterranean coastline, the Near East, and parts of Asia including India.

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris (beet) is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Betoideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is a perennial plant usually growing up to 120 centimetres (4 ft) tall.

Three subspecies are typically recognised. The wild ancestor of all the cultivated beets is the sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima), with several modern cultivars all belonging to B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris.

Some of the most popular cultivar groups include: the sugar beet (used to produce table sugar), the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet, the leaf vegetable known as chard or spinach beet or silverbeet, and mangelwurzel (a fodder crop).
Gulu Hospital
Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, commonly known as Gulu Hospital is a hospital in Gulu, northern Uganda. It is the referral hospital for the districts of Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo and Pader. The hospital also serves as one of the teaching hospitals of Gulu University.

Gulu
Gulu is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda and is the commercial and administrative centre of Gulu District.

The coordinates of the city of Gulu are 2°46'54.0"N 32°17'57.0"E. The city id Kampala is 333 kilometres (207 mi) from Kampala by road. Gulu is served by Gulu Airport.
Ernak
Ernak was the last known ruler of the Huns, and the third son of Attila. After Attila's death in AD 453, his Empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He succeeded his older brother Ellac in AD 454, and probably ruled simultaneously over Huns in dual kingship with his brother Dengizich, but in separate divisions in separate lands.

Priscus, during his stay at Attila's court in AD 448 or 449, recorded a personal occasion between Attila and Ernak. At a banquet Attila looked on him with serene eyes, while taking small account of his other sons. He was Attila's favorite son, because as a certain Hun explained to him, the Hunnic prophets prophesied his genos would fail, but would be restored by this son.

Ernak has often been identified with Irnik from the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, who is noted as a descendant of the Dulo clan and leader of the Bulgars for 150 years, starting approximately from AD 437.

Ellac
Ellac (died in 454 AD) was the oldest son of Attila (434–453) and Kreka. After Attila's death in 453 AD, his empire crumbled, and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He ruled briefly and died at the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD. Ellac was succeeded by his brothers, Dengizich and Ernak.
Pennsylvania Route 380
Pennsylvania Route 380 (officially, SR 400 because of I-380 elsewhere in Pennsylvania), also known as J.F. Bonetto Memorial Highway and within the city of Pittsburgh Bigelow Boulevard, Baum Boulevard and Frankstown Road, is a 32.80-mile-long (52.8 km) state highway in western portions of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The western terminus of the route is at Interstate 579 in downtown Pittsburgh near PPG Paints Arena. The eastern terminus is at Pennsylvania Route 286 in Bell Township, near the hamlet of Wakena.

When it was first assigned in the late 1920s, PA 380 occupied only the portion of its modern alignment between PA 286 in Murrysville and PA 286 west of Saltsburg. It was later extended westward over the former routing of PA 80 to Pittsburgh.

Pennsylvania Route 286
Pennsylvania Route 286 (PA 286) is a 69-mile-long (111 km), east–west state highway located in Allegheny, Westmoreland, Indiana, and Clearfield counties in Pennsylvania.

The western terminus is at U.S. Route 22 (US 22) in Monroeville. The eastern terminus is at US 219 near Burnside.
Dion, Pieria
Dion (Greek: Δίον; Ancient Greek: Δῖον; Latin: Dium) is a village and municipal unit in the municipality of Dion-Olympos in the Pieria regional unit, Greece. It is located at the foot of Mount Olympus at a distance of 17 km from the capital city of Katerini. The seat of the municipal unit was in Kondariotissa.

It is best known for its great ancient Macedonian sanctuary of Zeus and the ancient city, much of which is visible in the Archaeological Park of Dion and the Archaeological Museum of Dion.

Dion-Olympos
Dion-Olympos (Greek: Δίον-Όλυμπος, Díon-Ólympos) is a municipality in the Pieria regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Litochoro. The municipality has an area of 495.314 km2.
L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid and an electron acceptor. Its products are α-ketoglutaric acid and the corresponding reduced acceptor. Enzymes which preferentially catalyze the conversion of the (R) stereoisomer of 2-oxoglutarate also exist in both mammals and plants and are named D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase.  L-2-hydroxyglutarate is produced by promiscuous action of malate dehydrogenase on 2-oxoglutarate; L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is an example of a metabolite repair enzyme that oxidizes L-2-hydroxyglutarate back to 2-oxoglutarate.

D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid and an electron acceptor. Its products are α-ketoglutaric acid  and the corresponding reduced acceptor.

The enzyme activity has been confirmed in animals as well as in plants.
Irna Phillips
Irna Phillips (July 1, 1901 – December 23, 1973) was an American scriptwriter, screenwriter, casting agent, and actress who pioneered a style of daytime soap opera in the United States geared specifically toward women. Phillips created, produced, and wrote several radio and television daytime serials throughout her career, including Guiding Light, As the World Turns, and Another World. She was also a mentor to several other pioneers of the American daytime soap opera, including Agnes Nixon, William J. Bell and Ted Corday.

William J. Bell (producer)
William Joseph Bell (March 6, 1927 – April 29, 2005) was an American screenwriter and television producer, best known as the creator of the soap operas Another World, The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful.
Andover, Kansas
Andover is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States, and an eastern suburb of Wichita.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 14,892.  Andover is the most populated city in Butler County.

Butler County, Kansas
Butler County is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas and is the largest county in the state by total area.  Its county seat is El Dorado and its most populous city is Andover.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 67,380.  The county was named for Andrew Butler, a U.S. Senator from South Carolina who coauthored the Kansas–Nebraska Act.
Wairarapa
The Wairarapa (/ˌwaɪrəˈræpə/; Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaiɾaɾapa]) is a geographical region of New Zealand located in the south-eastern corner of the North Island, east of metropolitan Wellington and south-west of the Hawke's Bay Region. It is lightly populated, having several rural service towns, with Masterton being the largest. It is named after its largest lake, Lake Wairarapa.

The region is commonly referred to with a definite article, particularly when used after a preposition (e.g., locals will say they live "in the Wairarapa", and travel "to" and "from the Wairarapa").

Masterton
Masterton (Māori: Whakaoriori) is a large town in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand that operates as the seat of the Masterton District (a territorial authority or local-government district). It is the largest town in the Wairarapa, a region separated from Wellington by the Remutaka ranges. It stands on the Waipoua stream between the Ruamāhunga and Waingawa Rivers – 100 kilometres north-east of Wellington and 40 kilometres south of Eketāhuna.

Masterton has an urban population of 22,600, and a district population of 28,900 (June 2025).

Masterton businesses includes services for surrounding farmers. Three new industrial parks are being developed in Waingawa, Solway and Upper Plain. The town functions as the headquarters of the annual Golden Shears sheep-shearing competition.
Bhimsain
Bhimsain (born Bhimsain Khurana; November 24, 1936 – April 17, 2018) was an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter and animator. He is best known as the Father of Indian Animation, along with his mentor Ram Mohan. He was the recipient of 16 President's National Awards for his contributions to Indian cinema.

He is best known for directing the critically acclaimed Gharaonda (1977) starring Amol Palekar and Zarina Wahab, and Dooriyaan (1979) starring Sharmila Tagore and Uttam Kumar. He is also known for creating the animation short film Ek Anek Aur Ekta (1974) which aired on Doordarshan in the 70s. Bhimsain has also directed India's largest animation series Vartmaan (1994).

Ram Mohan
Ram Mohan (26 August 1931 – 11 October 2019) was an Indian animator, title designer and design educator, who was also known as father of Indian Animation and was a veteran in the Indian animation industry, who started his career at the Cartoon Films Unit, Films Division of India, Government of India in 1956. He was chairman and chief creative officer at Graphiti Multimedia, a Mumbai-based animation company which was established in 1995, and later he also established the Graphiti School of Animation in 2006.

He had won the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film twice, You Said It (1972) and Fire Games (1983). He was awarded a lifetime achievement award at the 2006 Mumbai International Film Festival and was awarded the Padma Shri the fourth-highest civilian award given by Government of India in 2014.