hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atul Chandra Ghosh
Atul Chandra Ghosh (1881–1969) was a prominent personality of the Indian freedom movement  from Purulia district, West Bengal. Born at Khandaghosh  of Burdwan, he passed law in 1908. He was the co-founder of "Shilpashram" (Rural Industry Development inside ashram) along with Nibaran Chandra Dasgupta. He was the chief architect of "Bangabhukti Andolon". He is famous in the title "Manbhum Keshari". He was active freedom fighter during British Raj and he left practicing the law and joined freedom struggle during non-cooperation movement. He was the editor of weekly Bengali newspaper "Mukti". His wife, Labanya Prabha Ghosh was also a freedom fighter and continued as editor of Mukti after his death.

Labanya Prabha Ghosh
Labanya Prabha Ghosh (14 August 1897 – 11 April 2003), also called Labanya Devi, a Gandhian,  was a prominent personality of the Indian freedom movement, from Purulia District of West Bengal. She lived for almost 106 years and during later part of her life, was forced to live in a poverty-stricken ashram, her only source of income being a pension paid for freedom fighters. All through her life, before and after independence of India, she fought for justice of common man.
Despicable Me
Despicable Me is an American media franchise created by Sergio Pablos, Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio. It centers on a supervillain turned secret agent named Gru, his adoptive daughters, Margo, Edith, and Agnes, and his yellow-colored Minions. The franchise is produced by Illumination and distributed by its parent company Universal Pictures.

The franchise began with the 2010 film of the same name, which was followed by three sequels, Despicable Me 2 (2013), Despicable Me 3 (2017), and Despicable Me 4 (2024) and two spin-off prequels, Minions (2015) and Minions: The Rise of Gru (2022). The franchise also includes many short films, a television special, several video games, and a theme park attraction.

Gru
Felonious Gru, typically referred to as Gru, is a fictional character and the protagonist of Illumination's Despicable Me franchise. He first appeared in Despicable Me (2010) and has appeared in all six films in the franchise. He is voiced by American actor Steve Carell. Based on a Dracula-like concept character pitched by animator Sergio Pablos, he was shaped by directors Chris Renaud and Pierre Coffin into a character more like a James Bond villain.

Gru is a grouchy, quick-witted, and cynical supervillain and the boss of the Minions, who also serves as a secret agent in order to fight other supervillains. His adoption of three orphan girls named Margo, Edith and Agnes propels his story arc from malevolent supervillain to reformed parent.
Ichijō-ji
Ichijō-ji (一乗寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Sakamoto neighborhood of the city of  Kasai,  Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. It belongs to the Tendai sect of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon is a statue of Shō-Kannon Bosatsu. Its three-story pagoda, a National Treasure, is a representative example of Japanese architecture from the late Heian period and one of Japan's oldest existing pagodas. The temple grounds are famous for its cherry blossoms in spring and autumn foliage in autumn. The temple's full name is Hokke-san Ichijō-ji (法華山 一乗寺) .  The temple is the 26th stop on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route.

Kasai, Hyōgo
Kasai (加西市, Kasai-shi) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.  As of 30 April 2022, the city had an estimated population of 42,494 in 18242 households and a population density of 72 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 150.98 square kilometres (58.29 sq mi).
Montenegrin Men's Handball Cup
The Montenegrin Men's Handball Cup (Montenegrin: Rukometni Kup Crne Gore) is an elimination handball tournament held annually. It is the second most important national title in Montenegrin handball after the Montenegrin First League.

It has been held annually since Montenegrin independence in 2006.

Montenegrin Men's Handball First League
The Montenegrin Men's Handball First League (Montenegrin: Crnogorska prva muška rukometna liga) is the top men's team handball league in Montenegro. It is organized by the Handball Federation of Montenegro.
Merneith
Merneith (also written Merit-neith and Meryt-Neith; died c. 2950 BC) was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the First Dynasty.

She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right, based on several official records. If this was the case and the earlier royal wife Neithhotep never ruled as an independent regent, Merneith may have been the first female pharaoh and the earliest queen regnant in recorded history. Her rule occurred around 2950 BC for an undetermined period. Merneith's name means "Beloved by Neith" and her stele contains symbols of that ancient Egyptian deity. She may have been Djer's daughter and was probably Djet's senior royal wife. The former meant that she would have been the great-granddaughter of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer. She was also the mother of Den, her successor.

Djet
Djet, also known as Wadjet, Wadj, Zet, and Uadji (in Greek possibly the pharaoh known as Uenephes or possibly Atothis; fl. c. 2980 BC), was the fourth pharaoh of the First Dynasty, successor of Djer. Djet's Horus name means "Horus Cobra" or "Serpent of Horus".
Blessed Sacrament Huguenot Catholic School
Blessed Sacrament Huguenot is the only private, co-ed, Early Learners through Grade 12 Catholic school in the Greater Richmond Region. Located on a 40-acre (16 ha) campus in Powhatan, Virginia, BSH is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond. Students of any faith background are eligible for admission.

Diocese of Richmond
The Diocese of Richmond (Latin: Diœcesis Richmondiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Virginia in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore.

The diocese's current bishop is Barry C. Knestout, who was appointed by Pope Francis on December 5, 2017.
Daniel Fitzgerald (Neighbours)
Daniel "Dan" Fitzgerald is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Brett Tucker. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 1 September 1999. Dan becomes a teacher at Erinsborough High and shares a house with fellow teacher, Tess Bell. He remained as a recurring character until 2000. Tucker returned on 30 October 2007 and became part of the regular cast. Dan re-joined the high school and he began a relationship with Libby Kennedy. In June 2009, it was announced that Tucker had quit the show and Dan departed on 1 December 2009. On 13 September 2010, Dan made a one-off appearance which was filmed prior to Tucker's departure in 2009. The character later appeared in a flashback broadcast on 4 July 2011, played by James Roach.

Tess Bell
Teresa "Tess" Bell is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Krista Vendy. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 17 September 1999 and departed on 18 September 2001. Vendy reprised the role in 2023 and appeared again from 13 May 2025 until 17 June 2025.
Tivoli Cathedral
Tivoli Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Tivoli or Basilica Cattedrale di San Lorenzo Martire) is a Roman Catholic cathedral, dedicated to Saint Lawrence, in Tivoli, Lazio, Italy. It is the seat of the bishop of Tivoli.

Tivoli, Lazio
Tivoli (/ˈtɪvəli/ TIV-ə-lee; Italian: [ˈtiːvoli]; Latin: Tibur) is a town and comune in Lazio, Central Italy, 30 kilometres (19 miles) north-east of the city centre of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine Hills. The city offers a wide view over the Roman Campagna.
Potapovka culture
Potapovka culture (Russian: Потаповская культура, romanized: Potapovskaya kul'tura) was a Bronze Age culture which flourished on the middle Volga in 2100–1800 BC.

The Potapovka culture emerged from the Poltavka culture with influences from the Abashevo culture. It had close relations with the Sintashta culture in the east, with whom it shares many similarities. Like the Sintashta culture, its people are believed to have spoken a form of Proto-Indo-Iranian. It was directly ancestral to the Srubnaya culture, and probably influenced the emergence of the Andronovo culture.

Abashevo culture
The Abashevo culture (Russian: Абашевская культура, romanized: Abashevskaya kul'tura) is a late Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture, c. 2200–1850 BC, found in the valleys of the middle Volga and Kama River north of the Samara bend and into the southern Ural Mountains. It receives its name from the village of Abashevo in Chuvashia.

Tracing its origins in the Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture, an eastern offshoot of the Corded Ware culture of Central Europe, the Abashevo culture is notable for its metallurgical activity and evidence for the use of chariots in its end phase. It eventually came to absorb the Volosovo culture. The Abashevo culture is often viewed as pre-Indo-Iranian-speaking or Proto-Indo-Iranian-speaking. It played a major role in the development of the Sintashta culture and Srubnaya culture.
Albion, Orleans County, New York
Albion (/ˈæl.biː.ən/ AL-bee-ən) is a town in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 7,639 at the 2020 census. The town was named after a village in the town.

The Town of Albion is centrally located in the county and contains most of the village of Albion, the county seat (the northern part of the village is in the adjacent town of Gaines).

Orleans County, New York
Orleans County is a county in the western part of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,343. The county seat is Albion. The county received its name at the insistence of Nehemiah Ingersoll though historians are unsure how the name was selected. The two competing theories are that it was named to honor the French Royal House of Orleans or that it was to honor Andrew Jackson's victory in New Orleans.

Located on the south shore of Lake Ontario, Orleans County since the late 20th century has been considered part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.
Massachusetts Route 107
Route 107 is a 11.9-mile-long (19.2 km) north–south Massachusetts state route located along the North Shore of Massachusetts. Route 107 runs from Route 16 in Revere to Route 1A at the Essex Bridge in Salem.

Massachusetts Route 16
Route 16 is a 59.8646-mile-long (96.3427 km) east–west state highway in Massachusetts. It begins in the west at an intersection with Route 12 and Route 193 in Webster, just north of the Connecticut state border.  It runs in a generally southwest-northeast routing through a number of Boston's suburbs and runs to the west and then north of the city before ending in Revere at an intersection with Route 1A and Route 60.

From Watertown eastward, Route 16 is a multi-lane arterial road, although it is not limited access for any significant length. Segments of Route 16 through this area are also known as the Mystic Valley Parkway, the Alewife Brook Parkway, and the Revere Beach Parkway, among other names.

From the western end of the Route 135 concurrency in Wellesley to Route 30 (Commonwealth Avenue) in Newton, the route serves as a part of the Boston Marathon, from the halfway point to just before Mile 18 and the hills.
Matroid representation
In the mathematical theory of matroids, a matroid representation is a family of vectors whose linear independence relation is the same as that of a given matroid. Matroid representations are analogous to group representations; both types of representation provide abstract algebraic structures (matroids and groups respectively) with concrete descriptions in terms of linear algebra.

A linear matroid is a matroid that has a representation, and an F-linear matroid (for a field F) is a matroid that has a representation using a vector space over F. Matroid representation theory studies the existence of representations and the properties of linear matroids.

Matroid
In combinatorics, a matroid /ˈmeɪtrɔɪd/ is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats. In the language of partially ordered sets, a finite simple matroid is equivalent to a geometric lattice.

Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction of various notions of central importance in these fields. Matroids have found applications in geometry, topology, combinatorial optimization, network theory, and coding theory.
Nicholas Magallanes
Nicholas Magallanes (May 31, 1919 – May 2, 1977) was a Mexican-born American principal dancer and charter member of the New York City Ballet.  Along with Francisco Moncion, Maria Tallchief, and Tanaquil Le Clercq, Magallanes was among the core group of dancers with which George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein formed Ballet Society, the immediate predecessor of the New York City Ballet.

Maria Tallchief
Maria Tallchief, born Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief (𐓏𐒰𐓐𐒿𐒷-𐓍𐓂͘𐓄𐒰 "Two-Standards"; Osage family name: Ki He Kah Stah Tsa, Osage script: 𐒼𐒱𐒹𐒻𐒼𐒰-𐓆𐓈𐒷𐓊𐒷; January 24, 1925 – April 11, 2013), was an Osage ballerina. She was America's first major prima ballerina and the first Native American to hold the rank. Together with Georgian-American choreographer George Balanchine, she is widely considered to have revolutionized American ballet.
Harraton
Harraton is a suburb of Washington, in the Sunderland metropolitan borough, in Tyne and Wear, England. Harraton is near the River Wear and is 3 miles north-east of Chester-le-Street, 2 miles south-west of Washington town centre and 9 miles south-southwest of Sunderland.

When nearby Washington (historically a village) was founded as a new town under the New Towns Act in 1964, Harraton alongside the neighboring villages of Chaters-Hough, Fatfield, Cox Green and Picktree became suburbs of Washington forming the southern suburbs of the town.  Certain developments also took place for overspill for the nearby towns of Chester Le Street and Houghton-le-Spring (also in the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough). It is on the main road serving Seahouses and the northern coast. Harraton was a civil parish until 1974.

Washington, Tyne and Wear
Washington is a town in the Sunderland district, in Tyne and Wear, England. Historically part of County Durham, it is the ancestral settlement of the local Washington family, from which the first President of the United States George Washington descended. It has a population of 67,085.

It is located between Chester-le-Street, Gateshead and South Tyneside. Washington was designated a new town in 1964. It became part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. The town has expanded dramatically since its designation; new villages were created and areas were reassigned from Chester-le-Street, to offer housing and employment to those moving from adjoining areas and further afield. At the 2011 census, Washington had a population of 67,085, compared to 53,388 in 2001.
Karhuha
Karhuha (Karḫuḫa), also known as Karḫuḫi, was the tutelary god of the ancient city of Carchemish. It is possible that was associated with deer, and it is presumed his character was similar to that of Hittite Kurunta. He is first attested in texts from the second half of the second millennium BCE, and there is no agreement among researchers if he was a Hurrian god in origin or if similarly to closely associated goddess Kubaba he predated Hurrian control over the region. He appears in a variety of Hittite and Luwian texts, and continued to be worshiped in Carchemish at least up to the reign of Sargon II.

Kubaba (goddess)
Kubaba was a goddess of uncertain origin worshiped in ancient Syria. Despite the similarity of her name to these of legendary queen Kubaba of Kish and Phrygian Cybele, she is considered a distinct figure from them both. Her character is poorly known. Multiple local traditions associating her with other deities existed, and they cannot necessarily be harmonized with each other. She is first documented in texts from Kanesh and Alalakh, though her main cult center was Carchemish. She was among the deities worshiped in northern Syria who were incorporated into Hurrian religion, and in Hurrian context she occurs in some of the Ugaritic texts. She was also incorporated into Hittite religion through Hurrian intermediaties. In the first millennium BCE she was worshiped by Luwians, Arameans and Lydians, and references to her can be found in a number of Greek texts.
Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan
Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan (Arabic: يغمراسن إبن زيان, romanized: Yaghmurāsan ibn Zayyān; 1206 – February/March 1283) was the founder of the Zayyanid dynasty. Under his reign the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen extended over present-day north-western Algeria.

Zayyanid dynasty
The Zayyanid dynasty or Ziyanids (Arabic: زيانيون, Ziyāniyyūn) or Abd al-Wadids (Arabic: بنو عبد الواد, Bānu ʿAbd āl-Wād) was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria. The Zayyanid dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1557.
Cynthia
Cynthia is a feminine given name. It is often thought to be of Greek origin (Ancient Greek: Κυνθία, romanized: Kynthía, lit. 'from Mount Cynthus', on the island of Delos), but words and names with "inth" are actually Pre-Greek names belonging to another language family, before the Indo-European migrations. The name has been in use in the Anglosphere since the 17th century. There are various spellings for this name, and it can be abbreviated to Cindy, Cyndi, Cyndy, Cinny, or occasionally to Thea, Tia, or Thia.

Cynthia was originally an epithet of the Greek goddess Artemis, who according to legend was born on Mount Cynthus on Delos. Selene, the Greek personification of the moon, and the Roman Diana were also sometimes called "Cynthia" due to their association with Artemis. In Ancient Roman literature, 'Cynthia' is the name of Propertius' love.

Cindy (given name)
Cindy is a feminine given name. Originally diminutive (or hypocorism) of Cynthia, Lucinda or Cinderella, it is also commonly used as a name on its own right. The name can also be spelled as Cindee, Cyndee, Syndee, Sindee, Sindi, Syndi, Syndy, Cindi, Cyndi, Cyndy, Cinny and Sindy. From 1953 to 1973 it was among top 100 most common female given names.
Warázu language
Warázu, also known as Pauserna or Guarasugwé (Guarasú'we), is a moribund Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. It was also formerly spoken in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Guarasugwé people, who were estimated to number 125 according to a census in 2012. It was previously considered to be extinct, but 4 speakers were found in 2006; this number had decreased to 2 in 2017.

Tupi–Guarani languages
Tupi–Guarani (/tuːˈpiː ɡwɑˈrɑːni/ /ɡwɑˈɾɑ-/; Tupi-Guarani: [tuˈpi ɡwaɾaˈni]; pronunciationⓘ) is the most widely distributed subfamily of the Tupian languages of South America. It consists of about fifty languages, including Guarani and Old Tupi. The most widely spoken in modern times by far is Guarani, which is one of the two official languages of Paraguay.
Joanne McDonald
Joanne McDonald OC ONL (born 1952) is a Canadian wheelchair sport athlete and disability rights advocate. She played on the Canadian women’s national wheelchair basketball team from 1974 to 1985 and competed at the 1976, 1980, and 1984 Paralympic Games. In para-athletics, McDonald won medals in women's slalom 5 in 1976 and 1980.

Order of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Order of Newfoundland and Labrador is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Instituted in 2001, when Lieutenant Governor Arthur Maxwell House granted royal assent to the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Newfoundland and Labrador residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Newfoundland and Labrador Crown.
Panchawati
Panchawati  is a village in, and headquarter of, Udayapurgadhi rural municipality in Udayapur District in Province No. 1 of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6,580 people living in 1223 individual households.

Panchawati was a village development committee before 2015. In 2015, when Nepal became a federal state, a total of 744 local administrative units were established. 8 such units were established in Udayapur District, including Udayapurgadhi. Panchawati was merged into Udayapurgadhi and established as its headquarter.

Udayapurgadhi was previously Headquarter of Udayapur District before 1972, when the headquarter was moved to Gaighat.

Udayapurgadhi Rural Municipality
Udayapurgadhi Rural Municipality (Nepali: उदयपुरगढी गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality in Udayapur District of Koshi Province in Nepal. There are 4 rural municipalities in Udayapur District. There are 8 wards in this municipality. According to 2011 census of Nepal, the total population of the municipality is 30,731 and total area is 269.51 km². The headquarter of the municipality is in Panchawati

The rural municipality was established on March 10, 2017 when Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body.

Panchawati, Bhalayadanda, Tawasri, Dumre and Barre VDCs were merged to form the new rural municipality.
International Enterprise Singapore
International Enterprise Singapore (IE Singapore) was a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Government of Singapore. It facilitated the growth of Singapore-based companies overseas and promoted international trade. On 1 April 2018, IE Singapore merged with SPRING Singapore to form Enterprise Singapore.

SPRING Singapore
The Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board (abbreviation: SPRING Singapore) was a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Singapore Government. It worked as an agency for enterprise development, and helped enterprises enhance their competitiveness in the Singapore market. It was also the national standards and conformance body.

On April 1, 2018, SPRING Singapore was merged with IE Singapore to form Enterprise Singapore.
Naematelia encephala
Naematelia encephala (synonym Tremella encephala) is a species of fungus producing pink, brain-like, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies). It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus (Stereum sanguinolentum) that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. In the UK, its recommended English name is conifer brain.

Stereum sanguinolentum
Stereum sanguinolentum is a species of fungus in the Stereaceae family. A plant pathogen, it causes red heart rot, a red discoloration on conifers, particularly spruces and Douglas-firs. Fruit bodies, which are produced either on dead wood or on dead branches of living trees, form a thin leathery crust on the wood surface. Fresh fruit bodies will bleed a red-colored liquid if injured, reflected in the common names bleeding Stereum or the bleeding conifer parchment. It can be the host of the parasitic jelly fungus Naematelia encephala (synonym Tremella encephala)
Generali Italia
Generali Italia S.p.A. or simply Generali is an Italian insurance company based in Mogliano Veneto, which is a subsidiary of Generali Group. Alleanza Assicurazioni, Cattolica Assicurazioni, DAS, Genertel, Generali Welion, Generali Jeniot and Leone Alato are headed by Generali Italia.

Alleanza Assicurazioni
Alleanza Assicurazioni S.p.A. is an Italian insurance company based in Milan. It was founded in Genoa in 1898. The company is particularly active in the life insurance sector. Since 1934 it has been part of the Generali Group and it has been part of Generali Italia since 2013.