hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University
The Department of Computer Science at Aberystwyth University is an academic department established in 1970 that conducts research in robotics, artificial intelligence, and computational biology. Located in the Llandinam Building on the Penglais Campus, the department enrolls approximately 800 students across undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.

The department gained international attention in 2009 when researchers led by Professor Ross King developed "Adam," described in the journal Science as the first machine to independently discover new scientific knowledge. The department has also contributed to space exploration missions through its involvement with the European Space Agency's Beagle 2 and ExoMars programmes.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.
Jessie Willcox Smith
Jessie Willcox Smith (September 6, 1863 – May 3, 1935) was an American illustrator during the Golden Age of American illustration. She was considered "one of the greatest pure illustrators". A contributor to books and magazines during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Smith illustrated stories and articles for clients such as Century, Collier's, Leslie's Weekly, Harper's, McClure's, Scribners, and the Ladies' Home Journal. She had an ongoing relationship with Good Housekeeping, which included a long-running Mother Goose series of illustrations and also the creation of all the Good Housekeeping covers from December 1917 to 1933. Smith illustrated over sixty books, including notable works like Louisa May Alcott's Little Women and An Old-Fashioned Girl, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Evangeline, and Robert Louis Stevenson's A Child's Garden of Verses.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Chad DeGrenier
Chad DeGrenier (born January 13, 1973) is an American football coach and former quarterback who is the head coach for the Arizona Bandits of Arena Football One. As a player, DeGrenier played three seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL) with the Arizona Rattlers and Carolina Cobras. He first enrolled at Grossmont College before transferring to Washington State University and lastly Midwestern State University. His father, Jack DeGrenier, played in the National Football League (NFL).

Grossmont College
Grossmont College is a public community college in El Cajon, California. Its name originated with the silent film actor and producer William J. Gross, who was enticed by Ed Fletcher to invest in the purchase of land, part of which was called Grossmont. The campus sits in the Fletcher Hills community of El Cajon and is bordered by the cities of San Diego and Santee. Grossmont College along with Cuyamaca College make up what is the Grossmont–Cuyamaca Community College District. Grossmont is part of the California Community Colleges system.

Grossmont College is also home to Grossmont Middle College High School, where selected high school students can receive both high school and college credit for taking courses on campus. The newspaper for Grossmont College is The Summit. Its radio station is Griffin Radio.
KIGL
KIGL (93.3 FM), known as "93.3 The Eagle", is a classic rock radio station licensed to Seligman, Missouri but based in Fayetteville, Arkansas. KIGL is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. KIGL serves the Northwest Arkansas, extreme Southwest Missouri, and extreme Northeast Oklahoma region with an ERP of 100,000 watts.

Cities in KIGL's primary coverage include: Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Rogers, and Siloam Springs, in Arkansas; Neosho, Monett, and Pineville in Missouri; and Grove, Oklahoma. KIGL's signal can be heard as far south as Alma, Arkansas, as far west as Pryor, Oklahoma, as far east as Harrison, Arkansas, and just north of Carthage, Missouri, due to interference from KMXV (93.3 FM) in Kansas City.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
1955 Giro d'Italia
The 1955 Giro d'Italia was the 38th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Milan on 14 May with a 163 km (101.3 mi) flat stage and concluded back in Milan with a 141 km (87.6 mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 5 June. Fourteen teams entered the race, which was won by Italian Fiorenzo Magni of the Nivea-Fuchs team. Second and third respectively were Italian riders Fausto Coppi and Gastone Nencini.

In the 20th stage, arriving in San Pellegrino Terme, Magni and Coppi attacked Gastone Nencini (who was leading the general classification) taking advantage of a puncture he suffered in an unpaved road section. Coppi won the stage (his last victory in the Giro) and Magni took the lead in the general classification.

Fausto Coppi
Angelo Fausto Coppi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈfausto ˈkɔppi]; 15 September 1919 – 2 January 1960) was an Italian cyclist, the dominant international cyclist of the years after the Second World War. His successes earned him the title Il Campionissimo ("Champion of Champions"). He was an all-round racing cyclist: he excelled in both climbing and time trialing, and was also a good sprinter. He won the Giro d'Italia five times (1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953), the Tour de France twice (1949 and 1952), and the World Championship in 1953. Other notable results include winning the Giro di Lombardia five times, the Milan–San Remo three times, as well as wins at Paris–Roubaix and La Flèche Wallonne and setting the hour record (45.798 km) in 1942.
Maine Nordiques (NA3HL)
The Maine Nordiques are a Tier III Junior "A" ice hockey team from Lewiston, Maine. The team was a member of the North American 3 Hockey League (NA3HL) since 2016 and played home games at The Colisée since 2015. The franchise relocated several times under the operation of the Fighting Spirit organization before it was sold to the Colisée owner, Jim Cain, in 2017. The team is now owned by Shift Sports and Entertainment, LLC, which also owns and operates the NAHL team of the same name.

The Colisée
The Colisée, formerly Androscoggin Bank Colisée, Central Maine Youth Center, Central Maine Civic Center, and Lewiston Colisee, is a 4,000 capacity (3,677 seated) multi-purpose arena, in Lewiston, Maine, United States that was built from 1956 to 1958 and opened in the latter year to replace the Dominics Regional High School Arena and was initially constructed and operated by the Catholic parish of SS. Peter and Paul. Notably, it was used as a replacement venue for the boxing match between Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston in 1965.

Currently, it is the home of the Maine Nordiques of the North American Hockey League. The Colisée is also used for concerts, conventions and trade shows. There is 17,000 square feet (1600 m2) of exhibit space. For conventions, it can accommodate up to 4,800 patrons.
Kudymkarsky District
Kudymkarsky District (Komi-Permyak: Кудымкар район, Russian: Куды́мкарский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Komi-Permyak Okrug in Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kudymkarsky  Municipal District. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 4,741 square kilometers (1,831 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kudymkar (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  25,808 (2010 Census); 29,528 (2002 Census); 35,392 (1989 Soviet census).

Kudymkar
Kudymkar (Russian: Куды́мкар; Komi: Кудінкар, Kudinkar; Komi-Permyak: Кудымкар, Kudymkar), is a town and the administrative center of Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai, Russia. Until 2005, it was the administrative center of Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, a federal subject of Russia. It is located on the Inva River and on the left bank of its tributary the Kuva; 201 kilometers (125 mi) from Perm by road. Population: 28,967 (2010 Census).
Tomographic reconstruction
Tomographic reconstruction is a type of multidimensional inverse problem where the challenge is to yield an estimate of a specific system from a finite number of projections. The mathematical basis for tomographic imaging was laid down by Johann Radon. A notable example of applications is the reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) where cross-sectional images of patients are obtained in non-invasive manner. Recent developments have seen the Radon transform and its inverse used for tasks related to realistic object insertion required for testing and evaluating computed tomography use in airport security.

This article applies in general to reconstruction methods for all kinds of tomography, but some of the terms and physical descriptions refer directly to the reconstruction of X-ray computed tomography.

Operation of computed tomography
X-ray computed tomography operates by using an X-ray generator that rotates around the object; X-ray detectors are positioned on the opposite side of the circle from the X-ray source.

A visual representation of the raw data obtained is called a sinogram, yet it is not sufficient for interpretation. Once the scan data has been acquired, the data must be processed using a form of tomographic reconstruction, which produces a series of cross-sectional images. In terms of mathematics, the raw data acquired by the scanner consists of multiple "projections" of the object being scanned. These projections are effectively the Radon transformation of the structure of the object. Reconstruction essentially involves solving the inverse Radon transformation.
Tony Ranasinghe
Deshabandu Tony Ranasinghe ( 1937 - 2015 ) was an actor in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television. Widely regarded as one of the greatest actors in Sinhala cinema of all time, Tony is highly praised for his unique facial expressions, voice, the variety of body languages & some of the hard - tensioned roles which were extremely difficult to act, such as Sarath's role in Ahasin Polowata, Nissanka's role in Delovak Athara etc. According to critics, he is the last Crowned king in Sri Lankan cinema to die after Gamini Fonseka and  Joe Abeywickrama.

He acted in 115 films, in 43 of which he was the leading actor and in 72 of which he played a supporting role. He also contributed as a script writer in two films.

White Flowers for the Dead
Ahasin Polowata (English: White Flowers for the Dead, Sinhala: අහසින් පොලොවට) is a 1978 Sri Lankan drama film directed by Dr Lester James Peries and written by Tissa Abeysekara. The film stars Tony Ranasinghe as Sarath, an abusive husband who is haunted by his wife's death.

Peries made the film as a favour to D. B. I. S. Siriwardene who was ardent that Peries direct a film based on his wife, Eileen's book. It was well received in Sri Lanka, critically and commercially, and made appearances at several foreign film festivals including the Cairo International Film Festival where it won the Best Film from the Third World award.
Dripsey Castle, Carrignamuck
Dripsey Castle is a country house in the townland of Carrignamuck, situated 3.3 km (2.1 mi) north-east of Coachford village and 2.5 km (1.6 mi) north-west of Dripsey village. The house was built, c. 1740, to replace the earlier 15th-century Carrignamuck Tower House.

Carrignamuck Tower House
Carrignamuck Tower House, located in Carrignamuck townland, is a 15th century tower house located 2.8 km (1.7 mi) north of Coachford village and 2 km (1.2 mi) north-west of Dripsey village. It is also sometimes known as 'Dripsey Castle', a name latterly attributed to the 18th century house, Dripsey Castle, built nearby.
Marco Antonio Rubio
Marco Antonio Rubio (born June 16, 1980) is a Mexican former professional boxer who competed from 2000 to 2015. He held the WBC interim middleweight title in 2014, and challenged thrice for a middleweight world title in 2009, 2012 and 2014.

Julio César Chávez Jr.
Julio César Chávez Carrasco (born 16 February 1986), better known as Julio César Chávez Jr., is a Mexican professional boxer who held the WBC middleweight title from 2011 to 2012. He is the son of former three-division world champion of boxing Julio César Chávez.

Chávez Jr. is the older brother of Omar Chávez. He also has a younger sister, Nicole.
Tokyo Metro 16000 series
The Tokyo Metro 16000 series (東京メトロ16000系, Tōkyō Metoro 16000-kei) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro on the Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line in Tokyo, Japan, since November 2010.

Chiyoda Line
The Chiyoda Line (千代田線, Chiyoda-sen) is a subway line owned and operated by Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan. On average, the line carries 1,447,730 passengers daily (2017), the second highest of the Tokyo Metro network, behind the Tozai Line (1,642,378).

The line was named after the Chiyoda ward, under which it passes. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color green, and its stations are given numbers using the letter "C".
Tetritsqaro Municipality
Tetritskaro (Georgian: თეთრიწყაროს მუნიციპალიტეტი, Tetrićqaros Municiṕaliťeťi) is a district of Georgia, in the region of Kvemo Kartli. Its main town is Tetritskaro. Tetritskaro municipality is located in the eastern part of Georgia and is a self-governing unit in the Kvemo Kartli region. The municipality is bordered on the east by Gardabani and Marneuli, on the west by Tsalka and Dmanisi, on the north by Kaspi and Mtskheta, and the south by Bolnisi. The area of the municipality is 1,175.5 km2 (453.9 sq mi), the minimum altitude is 650 metres (2,130 ft) above sea level, and the maximum altitude where the settlement is located is 1,140 metres (3,740 ft). The administrative center of the municipality - Tetritskaro - is 57 km (35 mi) away from Tbilisi, 60 km (37 mi) from the center of the region - Rustavi - and seven kilometres (4.3 mi) from the main railway (Tbilisi-Marabda-Akhalkalaki).

Tetritsqaro
Tetritskaro or Tetritsqaro (Georgian: თეთრიწყარო, romanized: tetrits'q'aro; Georgian pronunciation: [ˈtʰetʰɾitsʼqʼaɾo], Azerbaijani: Ağbulaq) is a town in Kvemo Kartli in southern Georgia. It is the municipal center of Tetritsqaro Municipality. According to 2014 Georgian Census its population is 3,093. The Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway which opened in 2017, runs along the rail line through the town.
Ghulam Rasool Hazarvi
Ghulām Rasool Hazārvi (1854–1918; also known as Ghulām Rasool Bafvi) was an Indian Islamic scholar and one of the earliest teachers of Darul Uloom Deoband. He served as a teacher in Darul Uloom Deoband for about thirty one years. His teachers included Syed Ahmad Dehlavi and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. His students included Abdur Rahim Popalzai, Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Asghar Hussain Deobandi, Hussain Ahmad Madani, Izaz Ali Amrohi, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Manazir Ahsan Gilani, Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.

Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)
Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (died 1894) was an Indian Muslim academician and hadith scholar who served as the second principal and Sheikh al-Hadith of Darul Uloom Deoband between 1884 and 1890. He specialised in Islamic astronomy and mathematics. His students included Abdul Hayy Hasani, Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani, Muhammad Yasin Deobandi, Ubaidullah Sindhi, and Ashraf Ali Thanwi.
Conciliation committee (works council)
A conciliation committee (German: Einigungsstelle) is a formal arbitration mechanism defined in German labour law for mediating certain conflicts internally between a group, central or local works council and the employer. The Works Constitution Act defines the conciliation committee in sections §76–76a.

When a works council and an employer have a difference of opinion or a legal dispute, there are two ways escalate the dispute legally. The first is through the various labour courts. The second way is through the conciliation committee, which is not open to the public.

If the employer and works council cannot agree on enforceable co-determination issues, the conciliation committee can award a legally binding works agreement in accordance with section §87(2) of the Works Constitution Act.: 18  It can also make binding decisions about the works council itself, individual employee claims and the works council's economic committee.

Works agreement
A works agreement (German: Betriebsvereinbarung; plural: Betriebsvereinbarungen; BV) is a special type of agreement in German labour law between a works council and the employer, described in §77 of the Works Constitution Act. It is distinct from collective agreements negotiated by trade unions.
European Historical Economics Society
The European Historical Economics Society (EHES) is Europe's leading research organization and learned society dedicated to the study of economic history. Founded in 1991, the EHES supports academic research within the discipline of economic history; organizes an annual conference; publishes regular working papers; and provides resources for early- and mid-career scholars. The EHES promotes "the advancement of education in European economic history through the study of European economies and economic history." The current president of the EHES is Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur, a French economist and professor of economics at the Paris School of Economics.

The EHES also oversees the European Review of Economic History, a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on a triannual basis.

European Review of Economic History
The European Review of Economic History is an international peer-reviewed academic journal published three times per year. It was formerly edited by Cambridge University Press and is currently edited by Oxford University Press. It is edited in association with the European Historical Economics Society.

The journal intends to be a publishing outlet for research into European, comparative and world economic history, through the medium of research articles, shorter note and comments, debates, surveys and review articles.

The current editors are Kerstin Enflo (Lund University), Joan R. Rosés (London School of Economics) and Christopher M. Meissner (UC Davis).
Boston Road railway station
Boston Road railway station was a station on the Western Line of the Auckland rail network, near St Peter's College and Auckland Grammar School. It was beneath an overbridge of State Highway 1, one of the busiest motorways in New Zealand. At the southern end of the station is the north western wall of Mt Eden Prison.

Until double-tracking between the station and Mt Eden in 2005, eastbound morning trains ran on the westbound track through the loop, avoiding the need for the school pupils to cross the line. The station closed on 10 April 2010, the day after the opening of the new Grafton station, and has since been largely demolished.

Maungawhau railway station
Maungawhau railway station, formerly known as Mount Eden railway station, is a Western Line station of the Auckland railway network in the Auckland suburb of Mount Eden in New Zealand. The station has been closed since 2020 and is currently undergoing an extensive reconstruction as part of the wider work on the City Rail Link. The station is due to reopen to the public in 2026.

The reconstruction work is adding another island platform on the City Rail Link line toward Karanga-a-Hape railway station in addition to upgrading existing island platform on the line towards Grafton station. The station was reached via a footbridge from Mount Eden Road or from the level crossing between Ngahura Street and Fenton Street.
Ghazipur, Delhi
Ghazipur is a village in East Delhi district of Delhi, India. situated near Delhi-Uttar Pradesh border near Ghaziabad. The border in Ghazipur village is one of the main borders of Delhi and is known as Ghazipur border. It is one of the biggest villages in Delhi. At the time many castes are living in this village with harmony. It is located 8 km towards north from district headquarters Preet Vihar.

The toll plaza of Delhi–Meerut Expressway is known as Ghazipur Border Which connects Delhi to Noida. Ghazipur is a new commercial hub and many new markets for flowers, fruits, clothes have come up. The Ghazipur landfill is one of the largest refuse dumping sites for Delhi. The landfill has grown over the past years that it is now visible from 5 km away.

Delhi–Meerut Expressway
Delhi–Meerut Expressway or National Expressway 3 is a 96 km (60 mi) long controlled-access expressway, connecting Delhi and Meerut in India. The total project cost was estimated to be ₹80 billion (US$950 million).  The highway starts from Nizamuddin Bridge in the National Capital Territory and extends 28 km (17 mi) to Dasna in Uttar Pradesh. Part of the old  National Highway 9, this section of the road has been widened to accommodate 14 lanes of traffic. The expressway then traverses 46 km (29 mi) from Dasna to Partapur near Meerut. A spur of the highway extends for 22 km (14 mi) between Dasna and Hapur.