hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Fusiliers
The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years. It was known as the 7th Regiment of Foot until the Childers Reforms of 1881.

The regiment served in many wars and conflicts throughout its long existence, including the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. In 1968, the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Lancashire Fusiliers – to form a new large regiment, the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.

The Royal Fusiliers War Memorial, a monument dedicated to the almost 22,000 Royal Fusiliers who died during the First World War, stands on Holborn in the City of London.

1st (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers)
The 1st (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) was a volunteer unit of the British Army under various titles from its foundation in 1859 in Bloomsbury, London, by the author of Tom Brown's Schooldays. It served in Malta, Gallipoli, Egypt and on the Western Front during World War I. In World War II it served in Iraq, North Africa and Italy. It amalgamated with other Territorial units of the Royal Fusiliers in the 1960s.
Japan National Route 103
National Route 103 (国道103号, Kokudō Hyakusangō) is a national highway of Japan connecting the capital of Aomori Prefecture, Aomori to Ōdate in northeastern Akita Prefecture. It has a total length of 130.0 km (80.8 mi).

Ōdate
Ōdate (大館市, Ōdate-shi; Japanese: [oːdate]) is a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the city had an estimated population of 67,865 in 31,433 households, and a population density of 75 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 913.22 square kilometres (352.60 sq mi).
Tortellini
Tortellini is a type of stuffed pasta typical of the Italian cities of Bologna and Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region. Traditionally it is stuffed with a mix of meat (pork loin, prosciutto, mortadella), Parmesan cheese, egg, and nutmeg and served in capon broth (in brodo di cappone).

Tortelli
Tortelli (Italian: [torˈtɛlli]) is a type of stuffed pasta made in the Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy, and Tuscany regions of Italy. It can be found in several shapes, including square (similar to ravioli), semi-circular (similar to agnolini) or twisted into a rounded, hat-like form (similar to cappelletti).
Loughborough Junction
Loughborough Junction is an area in Herne Hill, South London, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is located equidistant between Herne Hill, Brixton and Camberwell providing excellent transport connections to Central London. While it is not a formal neighbourhood, it straddles postcodes SE24 (Herne Hill), SW9 (Brixton) and SE5 (Camberwell).

Loughborough Junction is centred on a rail junction consisting of four railway lines and seven railway bridges, six of which can be seen at once from the centre of the junction and date from 19th Century.

The source of this area's name is Loughborough Junction railway station; 'Loughborough' because the area was once the location of Loughborough House, the residence of Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough, which was previously the Manor House of Lambeth Wick.

Brixton
Brixton is an area of South London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Brixton experienced a rapid rise in population during the 19th century as communications with central London improved.

Brixton is mainly residential, though includes Brixton Market and a substantial retail sector. It is a multi-ethnic community, with a large percentage of its population of Afro-Caribbean descent. It lies within Inner London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill, Balham and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of Lambeth London Borough Council.

Brixton is 2.7 mi (4.3 km) south-southeast from the geographical centre of London (measuring to a point near Brixton Underground station on the Victoria line).
Mary Black
Mary Black (born 23 May 1955) is an Irish folk singer. She is well known as an interpreter of both traditional folk and modern material which has made her a major recording artist in her native Ireland.

Frances Black
Frances Patricia Black (born 25 June 1960) is an Irish singer and politician. She came to prominence in the late 1980s when she began to play with her family's  traditional and contemporary Irish music band, The Black Family.

Black was elected to Seanad Éireann as an independent senator in 2016 for the Industrial and Commercial Panel.
Basil Brooke (metallurgist)
Sir Basil Brooke (1576 – 31 December 1646), English metallurgist and recusant, inherited the manor of Madeley, Shropshire from his father.  This contained iron and steel works and coal mines.  The coal mines had been worked in his father's time, coal being transported on the River Severn to cities and towns from Shrewsbury to Gloucester.

Madeley, Shropshire
Madeley is a historic market town and civil parish in the borough of Telford and Wrekin, Shropshire, England. The parish had a population of 18,774 at the 2021 census.

Madeley is recorded in the Domesday Book, having been founded before the 8th century. Historically, Madeley's industrial activity has largely been in mining, and later, manufacturing, which is still a large employer in the town, along with service industries.  Parts of the parish fall within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ironbridge Gorge, the site of The Iron Bridge, and a key area in the development of Industry.
Mynga Futrell
Mynga Futrell (born 1944) is an American activist who cofounded the international constituency of Brights. Her varied pursuits center around civic pluralism (boosting social acceptance, civic engagement and equity for citizens who have supernatural-free worldviews).

Brights movement
The Brights movement is a social movement whose members, since 2003, refer to themselves as Brights and have a worldview of philosophical naturalism.

Most Brights believe that public policies should be based on science (a body of knowledge obtained and tested by use of the scientific method). Brights are likely to oppose the practice of basing public policies on supernatural doctrines. Brights may therefore be described as secularists.
New York Apple Core
The New York Apple Core are a Tier II Junior A ice hockey team from Brewster, New York, playing in the Eastern Hockey League. The team plays home games at the Brewster Ice Arena. The Apple Core organization is based out of Long Beach, New York, on Long Island, however, their top level junior team has played in Brewster since the start of the 2011–12 season.

The Apple Core organization also fields a Tier III team in the Eastern Hockey League-Premier Division, as well as youth hockey select teams at the Bantam, Peewee, and Squirt and other various levels.

Eastern Hockey League (2013)
The Eastern Hockey League (EHL) is an American Tier II junior ice hockey league with teams in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States. The EHL was officially announced on June 6, 2013, after the Atlantic Junior Hockey League  (AtJHL) welcomed six new members from the old Eastern Junior Hockey League and the AtJHL re-branded itself under the EHL banner

The league prepares high school and college aged players for possible advancement to college and professional hockey.
Van C. Gessel
Van Craig Gessel (born August 1, 1950, Compton, California) is a former Dean of the BYU College of Humanities at Brigham Young University.  He also served as chair of the Department of Asian and Near Eastern Languages at BYU.  He has become renowned for his work as the primary translator for Japanese novelist Endo Shusaku.  He is also a co-editor of several Japanese translations including The Columbia Anthology of Modern Japanese Literature (Volume 1 published in 2005, Volume 2 in 2007).

Shūsaku Endō
Shūsaku Endō (遠藤 周作, Endō Shūsaku; March 27, 1923 – September 29, 1996) was a Japanese author who wrote from the perspective of a Japanese Catholic. Internationally, he is known for his 1966 historical fiction novel Silence, which was adapted into a 2016 film of the same name by director Martin Scorsese. He was the laureate of several prestigious literary accolades, including the Akutagawa Prize and the Order of Culture, and was inducted into the Roman Catholic Order of St. Sylvester by Pope Paul VI.

Together with Junnosuke Yoshiyuki, Shōtarō Yasuoka, Junzo Shono, Hiroyuki Agawa, Ayako Sono (also Catholic), and Shumon Miura, Endō is categorized as part of the "Third Generation" (that is, the third major group of Japanese writers to appear after World War II).
Motherwell
Motherwell (Scots: Mitherwall, Scottish Gaelic: Tobar na Màthar) is a town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, around 12 miles (19 km) south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarkshire, Motherwell is the headquarters for North Lanarkshire Council. Geographically the River Clyde separates Motherwell from Hamilton to the west whereas the South Calder Water separates Motherwell from Carfin to the north-east and New Stevenston and Bellshill towards the north.

Motherwell is also geographically attached to Wishaw and the two towns form a large urban area in North Lanarkshire, with both towns having similar populations and strong community ties.

New Stevenston
New Stevenston is a village situated between Motherwell and Bellshill in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Most local amenities are shared with the adjacent villages of Carfin, Holytown and Newarthill which have a combined population of around 20,000 across the four localities.
Paul Verryn
Paul Verryn (born 26 February 1952) is an ordained minister of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa. Known for his anti-apartheid activism, he was Bishop of the church's Central District between 1997 and 2009. During that period, he was a prominent and controversial figure for his activism against xenophobia, and clashed with the South African government over his decision to accommodate hundreds of refugees at his Central Methodist Church, Johannesburg city centre.

Central Methodist Church, Johannesburg
The Central Methodist Mission (CMM) is a prominent Methodist church located in the inner city of Johannesburg, South Africa. Situated at the corner of Pritchard and Smal Streets, the church has served as both a religious center and a site of significant social activism, particularly in support of the urban poor and refugees.
Idle No More
Idle No More is an ongoing protest movement, founded in December 2012 by four women: three First Nations women and one non-Native ally. It is a grassroots movement among the Indigenous peoples in Canada comprising the First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples and their non-Indigenous supporters in Canada, and to a lesser extent, internationally.  It has consisted of a number of political actions worldwide, inspired in part by the liquid diet hunger strike of Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence and further coordinated via social media. A reaction to alleged legislative abuses of Indigenous treaty rights by then Prime Minister Stephen Harper and the Conservative federal government, the movement takes particular issue with the omnibus bill Bill C-45. The popular movement has included round dances in public places and blockades of rail lines.

Theresa Spence
Theresa Spence (born 1963) is a former chief of the Attawapiskat First Nation in Canada.  She was a prominent figure in the Attawapiskat housing and infrastructure crisis, Idle No More, and other First Nations issues. Prior to serving as chief, she was the deputy chief of Attawapiskat.
FC Porto (handball)
Futebol Clube do Porto (Portuguese pronunciation: [futɨˈβɔl ˈkluβɨ ðu ˈpoɾtu]), commonly referred to as FC Porto or simply Porto, is a Portuguese professional handball team based in Porto. Created in 1932, it is the senior representative side of the handball section of sports club FC Porto.

The team competes domestically in the top-tier league Andebol 1 and internationally in European Handball Federation club competitions, such as the EHF Champions League and the EHF European League. Home matches are played at the Dragão Arena, alongside the men's basketball and roller hockey, and women's volleyball teams. The current head coach is former Swedish international Magnus Andersson, who returned to the club after a one-season break, having held the job from 2018 to 2023.

Andebol 1
The Campeonato Nacional de Andebol Masculino  (English: Men's Handball National Championship), also known simply as Andebol 1 (or Campeonato Placard Andebol 1 for sponsorship reasons), is the premier handball league in Portugal and is overseen by the Portuguese Handball Federation.

The competition was created in 1951 and was formerly named Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão (1951–1982 and 1985–2001), Divisão de Elite (2002–2006), and Liga Portuguesa de Andebol (2001–2009). Seven teams have won the league title since its inception.

Sporting CP are the current champions with 23 titles, followed by FC Porto with 24 titles and ABC with 13.
Normal subgroup
In abstract algebra, a normal subgroup (also known as an invariant subgroup or self-conjugate subgroup) is a subgroup that is invariant under conjugation by members of the group of which it is a part. In other words, a subgroup  of the group  is normal in  if and only if  for all  and  The usual notation for this relation is

Normal subgroups are important because they (and only they) can be used to construct quotient groups of the given group.  Furthermore, the normal subgroups of  are precisely the kernels of group homomorphisms with domain  which means that they can be used to internally classify those homomorphisms.

Évariste Galois was the first to realize the importance of the existence of normal subgroups.

Group homomorphism
In mathematics, given two groups, (G,∗) and (H, ·), a group homomorphism from (G,∗) to (H, ·) is a function h : G → H such that for all u and v in G it holds that

where the group operation on the left side of the equation is that of G and on the right side that of H.

From this property, one can deduce that h maps the identity element eG of G to the identity element eH of H,

and it also maps inverses to inverses in the sense that

Hence one can say that h "is compatible with the group structure".

In areas of mathematics where one considers groups endowed with additional structure, a homomorphism sometimes means a map that respects not only the group structure (as above) but also the extra structure. For example, a homomorphism of topological groups is often required to be continuous.
Phaselis
Phaselis (Ancient Greek: Φασηλίς) or Faselis (Turkish: Faselis) was a Greek and Roman city on the coast of ancient Lycia. Its ruins are located north of the modern town Tekirova in the Kemer district of Antalya Province in Turkey. It lies between the Bey Mountains and the forests of Olympos National Park, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the tourist town of Kemer and on the 57th kilometre of the Antalya–Kumluca highway. Phaselis and other ancient towns around the shore can also be accessed from the sea by daily yacht tours.

Kemer
Kemer is a seaside resort, municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 412 km2, and its population is 49,383 (2022). It is on the Mediterranean coast, 43 km (27 mi) west of the city of Antalya, on the Turkish Riviera.

Kemer is on the Gulf of Antalya, 53 km (33 mi) of sea coast with the skirts of the western Taurus Mountains behind. The coast has the typical Mediterranean hot, dry weather and warm sea. Until the early 1980s this was a quiet rural district, but today the town of Kemer and coastal villages in the district play a very important part in tourism in Turkey.
Rufus Keeler
Rufus Bradley Keeler (1885 – October 29, 1934)  was a master ceramicist and ceramics glaze expert. He was plant superintendent of California China Products, a co-founder of California Clay Products (CalCo), and plant manager of Malibu Potteries. He was married to Mary E. Leary and had three sons and one daughter, including ceramicist Bradley Burr Keeler, who founded Brad Keeler Artwares and who came to be president of the California Art Potters Association and director of the California Gift and Art Association.

Malibu Potteries
Malibu Potteries was a ceramic tile manufacturer in Malibu, California.  Malibu Potteries was founded by Rhoda May Knight Rindge in 1926. A fire devastated the company 30 September 1931, and the company closed in 1932.  Tile designs included influences the styles of Moorish, Egyptian, Mayan and Saracen cultures.  Many of the tile designs were geometric.  The company was known for their tile murals consisting of tiles with peacocks and other birds.  The company also produced decorated tiles for floors in the style of a laid-out Persian rug.  May Rindge's daughter's house, the historic Adamson House, has many examples of the tile produced by Malibu Potteries.
Meitei script movement
Meitei script movement, also called Meetei script movement (sometimes also referred to as Manipuri script movement), is a series of cultural wars and campaigns, undertaken by various cultural and sociopolitical associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities, against the Government of Manipur and other authorities concerned, regarding the revivalism and the development of the Meitei script.

Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup
Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup (transl. United Forum for Safeguarding Manipuri Script and Language), shortly known as the MEELAL (Meitei: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯏꯔꯣꯜ ꯏꯌꯦꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯂꯨꯞ), is a group that works for the development of Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri language) and Meitei script  (officially known as Meetei Mayek). It is one of the groups that spearhead the historic Meitei script movement against the Government of Manipur.
Reichsbahndirektion Nürnberg
Reichsbahndirektion Nürnberg (RBD Nürnberg) was a Deutsche Reichsbahn railway division within the Bavarian Group Administration in southern Germany, with its headquarters at Nuremberg (German: Nürnberg), Bavaria.

The area covered by this division included the Bavarian provinces of Middle and Lower Franconia (including the territory of the former Reichsbahndirektion of Würzburg) as well as the fringes of Upper Palatinate and Bavarian Swabia.

Important railway routes within this division were:

Aschaffenburg – Würzburg – Nuremberg – Neumarkt (Oberpfalz) – (Regensburg)

(Halle/Leipzig) – Ludwigsstadt – Bamberg – Nuremberg – (Treuchtlingen) – (Augsburg/Ingolstadt – Munich)

Würzburg – Ansbach – (Treuchtlingen) – (Augsburg/Ingolstadt – Munich)

(Erfurt) – Ritschenhausen – Schweinfurt – Würzburg – (Heilbronn – Stuttgart)

Railway divisions in Germany
In Germany and Austria, the running of railway services for a railway administration or the regional network of a large railway company was devolved to railway divisions, variously known as Eisenbahndirektionen (ED), Bundesbahndirektionen (BD) or Reichsbahndirektionen (RBD/Rbd). Their organisation was determined by the railway company concerned or by the state railway and, in the German-speaking lands at least, they formed the intermediate authorities and regional management organisations within the state railway administration's hierarchy. On the formation of the Deutsche Bahn AG in 1994 the system of railway divisions (Eisenbahndirektionen) in Germany was discontinued and their tasks were transferred to new "business areas".
V. P. Singh (brigadier)
Brigadier Virendra Pal Singh (16 October 1940 – 2012) was an officer of the Indian Army and a leading Indian polo and equestrian. He served with both the 61st Cavalry and the President’s Bodyguard, and is noted as the only Indian polo player in the post-Independence era to have attained a seven-goal handicap. He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 1975 for his achievements in polo.

61st Cavalry (India)
The 61st Cavalry Regiment is a horse-mounted cavalry regiment of the Indian Army. It is notable for being one of the largest, and also one of the last, operational non mechanised horse-mounted cavalry units in the world. Formerly deployed into active conflict, the 61st Cavalry is currently employed on ceremonial occasions, though it can be deployed for internal security or provide military aid to the civil power.

The regiment is presently based in Jaipur. The 61st Cavalry regiment and the President's Bodyguard parade in full dress uniform for the Delhi Republic Day parade each year, in what is probably the largest assemblage of traditional cavalry still to be seen in the world.
Berens River
The Berens River is a river in the provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, Canada. It flows west from an unnamed lake in Kenora District, Ontario, and discharges its waters into Lake Winnipeg near the community and First Nation of Berens River, Manitoba. The river has a number of lakes along its course, and many rapids.

Berens River, Manitoba
Berens River is a community in Manitoba, Canada, along the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg, at the mouth of the Berens River, which flows west from the Ontario headwaters. Together with the adjacent Berens River 13 reserve, it forms one a population centre collectively called Berens River. Both are served by the Berens River Airport.

Prior to 2017, the community was accessible only by winter road, boat, or airplane.  Road construction of an all-weather road from Bloodvein, connecting Berens River to the provincial road system, was completed in December 2017, linking the two communities to Provincial Road 304.

The First Nation and fur trade community there was officially started in the 19th century, but the spot was a traditional hunting and fishing area for thousands of years.
K League decentralization policy
The K League decentralization policy in 1995 was a policy of moving K League clubs located in Seoul to other regions. It was an effort by the Government of South Korea and the K League Federation to increase popularity of football nationwide before the 2002 FIFA World Cup for which they bid. In accordance with it, the three K League clubs, Yukong Elephants, Ilhwa Chunma and LG Cheetahs, moved from Seoul to Bucheon, Cheonan and Anyang, respectively, in 1996.

Jeju SK FC
Jeju SK FC (Korean: 제주 SK FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in Jeju Province that competes in the K League 1, the top division in South Korea. In the past, the club has been known as the Yukong Elephants, Bucheon SK, and Jeju United.
Viborg Bang
The Viborg Bang (Swedish: Viborgska Smällen, Finnish: Viipurin pamaus), as it is traditionally called in Swedish historiography, was a possibly legendary explosion  which occurred at Viborg Castle in November 1495. It occurred during an assault on the castle by forces of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and is supposed to have had a crushing effect upon the morale of the besiegers, causing the attack to fail.

Vyborg Castle
Vyborg Castle (Russian: Выборгский замок, romanized: Vyborgskiy zamok; Finnish: Viipurin linna; Swedish: Viborgs slott) is a fortress in Vyborg, Russia. It was built by the Swedes during the Middle Ages around which the town of Vyborg evolved. The castle became the stronghold of the Swedish realm in the Karelian region. Throughout the centuries, it was the first defense of the kingdom against the Russians. Its military and strategic status in the late Middle Ages was second only to the fortified capital Stockholm. Currently it serves as the site of Vyborg Regional Museum.