hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polish Initiative
The Polish Initiative (Polish: Inicjatywa Polska [i.ɲi.t͡sjaˈtɘ.va ˈpɔl.ska], iPL) was a progressive political party in Poland. It was formed as an association in 2016, and was registered as a political party in 2019. Its leader was Barbara Nowacka, and it was part of the Civic Coalition. It supported principles of social liberalism, social democracy and secularism. It was described as right-wing, centre-right, centrist, centre-left or left-wing.

In October 2025 the party merged into the Civic Coalition. It formally dissolved itself on 15 November 2025.

Barbara Nowacka
Barbara Anna Nowacka (born 10 May 1975) is a Polish politician who has served as Minister of National Education since December 2023. In October 2015 she became leader of the United Left coalition for the 2015 Polish parliamentary election, bringing together Labour Union, Your Movement, the Democratic Left Alliance, the Greens, and the Polish Socialist Party. Nowacka is the daughter of the late Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Policy Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka. Since 2016 she has been the leader of the Polish Initiative.
Ma Sui
Ma Sui (Chinese: 馬燧; 726 – September 4, 795), courtesy name Xunmei (洵美), posthumous name Prince Zhuangwu of Beiping (北平莊武王), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Tang dynasty. He was known mostly for his battles against the rebel generals Li Lingyao (李靈曜), Tian Yue, Zhu Tao, and Li Huaiguang.

Li Huaiguang
Li Huaiguang (Chinese: 李懷光; 729 – September 19, 785) was a leading general of Mohe extraction of Tang China.  He was credited with saving Emperor Dezong in the face of an attack by the rebel Zhu Ci in 783 but, dissatisfied with the lack of trust that Emperor Dezong displayed in him later, also rebelled, but his rebellion was stunted by the refusals of many of his subordinates to follow him.  In 785, facing defeat by Tang imperial forces, he committed suicide.
Poverty in Australia
Poverty in Australia refers to the incidence and measurement of relative poverty within Australia. Relative income poverty is typically measured as the percentage of the population earning less than the median wage of the working population.

In 2023, the Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS) released a report stating that relative poverty was increasing in Australia. It estimated that as of 2019–2020, 3.3 million people, or 13.4% of the population, were living below the internationally accepted relative poverty threshold of 50% of a country's median income. The report also estimated that 761,000 children (16.6%) under the age of 15 were living in relative poverty.

Australian Council of Social Service
The Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS) is an Australian organisation that advocates for action to reduce poverty and inequality, and is the peak body for the community services sector in Australia. It was formed in 1956.

ACOSS is active in areas of social policy, including community sector policy, climate and energy, economics and tax, income support and employment, health, housing and homelessness, and poverty and inequality.

Cassandra Goldie became CEO of ACOSS in 10 July 2010. She was previously the Director of the Sex Discrimination Unit at the Australian Human Rights Commission (HREOC).

The CEO of ACOSS is often interviewed by Australian media for comment and analysis on social matters and policies of the Australian Government.
Peyton Randolph
Peyton Randolph (September 10, 1721 – October 22, 1775) was an American politician and planter who was a Founding Father of the United States. Born into Virginia's wealthiest and most powerful family, Randolph served as speaker of Virginia's House of Burgesses, president of the first two Virginia Conventions, and president of the First Continental Congress. He also served briefly as the first president of the Second Continental Congress.

In 1774, Randolph signed the Continental Association, a trade boycott adopted by the First Continental Congress in response to the British Parliament's Intolerable Acts. Randolph was a first cousin once removed of Thomas Jefferson and was also related to John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, and Robert E. Lee, commander of the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War.

Randolph family of Virginia
The Randolph family of Virginia is a prominent political family, whose members contributed to the politics of Colonial Virginia and Virginia after it established statehood in June 1788, following the American Revolutionary War. They are descended from the Randolphs of Morton Morrell, Warwickshire, England. The first Randolph in America was Edward Fitz Randolph, who settled in colonial Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. His nephew, William Randolph, later came to Virginia as an orphan in 1669. He made his home at Turkey Island along the James River. Because of their numerous progeny, William Randolph and his wife, Mary Isham Randolph, have been referred to as "the Adam and Eve of Virginia". The Randolph family was the wealthiest and most powerful family in 18th-century Virginia.
Robb Royer
Robert Wilson Royer (born December 6, 1942, in Los Angeles) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the soft rock band Bread from 1968 to 1971. While he was with the band, they had a US/#5 UK/#1 hit single with "Make It With You". He was replaced by Larry Knechtel in 1971.

In 1970, Royer and Jimmy Griffin, under the pseudonyms Robb Wilson and Arthur James, wrote the lyrics for "For All We Know", featured in the film Lovers and Other Strangers. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and was a Top Ten hit for The Carpenters in March and April 1971.

Before co-founding Bread, Royer had been a member of the band The Pleasure Fair, whose only album in 1967 was produced and arranged by David Gates, Royer's future bandmate in Bread. His songwriting credits include works for Jimmy Griffin, Ray Charles, The Remingtons, Mary Chapin Carpenter, John Michael Montgomery, Randy Travis, Billy Burnette, The Finnigan Brothers (Mike Finnigan) and others.

Jimmy Griffin
James Arthur Griffin (August 10, 1943 – January 11, 2005) was an American singer, guitarist and songwriter, best known for his work with the 1970s soft rock band Bread. He won an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1970 as co-writer of "For All We Know".
Loughton tube station
Loughton (/ˈlaʊtən/) is a London Underground station, serving the suburban town of Loughton in the Epping Forest District of Essex. It is on the Central line between Buckhurst Hill and Debden stations, and is in London fare zone 6. The station is entirely above ground, and platforms are accessed by staircases which rise from ground level.

It is the larger of the two Underground stations in the town of Loughton, with Debden station being the smaller. It acts as a terminus for services from Ealing Broadway at peak hours.

Debden tube station
Debden (/ˈdɛbdən/) is a London Underground station, serving the Debden area of Loughton in the Epping Forest District of Essex. It is on the Central line, between Loughton and Theydon Bois stations. The station is located in Station Approach off Chigwell Lane (A1168). It is in London fare zone 6.
Avia BH-6
The Avia BH-6 was a prototype fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1923. It was a single-bay biplane of unusual configuration, developed in tandem with the BH-7, which shared its fuselage and tail design.

Avia BH-7
The Avia BH-7 was a prototype fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1923.  It was a parasol-wing monoplane developed in tandem with, and as an alternative to the BH-6, which shared its fuselage and tail design. Like the BH-6, the BH-7 was involved in a number of serious crashes during its test programme, which led to its abandonment as a fighter. Undaunted, however, Avia used the design as the basis for a racing aircraft, shortening the wingspan by 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in), fairing the wing directly onto the top of the fuselage and dispensing with the cabane struts. This revised version was designated BH-7B and the fighter (retrospectively) as the BH-7A. When the design proved no more successful as a racer, it was finally put to rest.
Bennett Island
Bennett Island (Russian: Остров Бе́ннетта, romanized: Ostrov Bennetta; Yakut: Беннетт Aрыыта, romanized: Bennett Arııta) is the largest of the De Long Islands in the northern part of the East Siberian Sea in North Asia. The area of this island is approximately 150 square kilometres (58 square miles) and it has a tombolo at its eastern end. The highest point of the island is 426 metres (1,398 feet) high Mount De Long, the highest point of the archipelago. Bennett Island is part of the Yakutia administrative division of Russia.

De Long Islands
The De Long Islands (Russian: Острова Де-Лонга, romanized: Ostrova De-Longa; Yakut: Де Лоҥ Aрыылара, romanized: De Loŋ Arıılara) are an uninhabited archipelago often included as part of the New Siberian Islands, lying north east of Novaya Sibir.
Qarnawu
Qarnāwu (Old South Arabian: 𐩤𐩧𐩬𐩥, qrnw, reconstructed Qarnāwu, Ancient Greek Κάρνα Kárna) is the name of an ancient city situated in present day Jawf in the north of Yemen, near the modern city of Ma'īn (Arabic معين).

Qarnāwu was presumably founded at the time the Minaean Kingdom appeared in about  500 BCE; after the end of Sabaean rule over Ma’in in about 400 BCE Qarnāwu became the capital of Ma'īn for a time. Qarnāwu was set on a mound, about 10 meters in height and had a rectangular layout each side of which measured about 350 × 240 meters; it was traversed by an absolutely straight main street, leading from the west to the east gate. The interior was carefully planned. At the end of the Minaean Kingdom in the 1st century BCE, Qarnāwu lost its importance, and was probably abandoned not long after.

Ma'in
Ma'in (Minaean: 𐩣𐩲𐩬; Arabic: معين, romanized: Maʿīn) was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen. It was located along the strip of desert called Ṣayhad by medieval Arab geographers, which is now known as Ramlat al-Sab'atayn. Wadd was the national god of Ma'in. The spoken language was Minaic. The kingdom appears in the historical record in the 8th century BCE, and transition from a city-state to kingdom in the last quarter of the 7th century BCE. The date of the end of Ma'in is heavily disputed, but the most popular hypothesis places its demise in the 1st century CE.

The Minaean people were one of four ancient Yemeni groups mentioned by Eratosthenes. The others were the Sabaeans, Ḥaḍramites and Qatabānians. Each of these had regional kingdoms in ancient Yemen, with the Minaeans in the north-west (in Wādī al-Jawf), the Sabaeans to the south-east of them, the Qatabānians to the south-east of the Sabaeans, and the Ḥaḑramites further east still.
Micheál Mac Liammóir
Micheál Mac Liammóir (born Alfred Lee Willmore; 25 October 1899 – 6 March 1978) was an actor, designer, dramatist, writer, and impresario in 20th-century Ireland. Though born in London to an English family with no Irish connections, he emigrated to Ireland in early adulthood, changed his name, invented an Irish ancestry, and remained based there for the rest of his life, successfully maintaining a fabricated identity as a native Irishman born in Cork.

With his partner, Hilton Edwards, and two others, Mac Liammóir founded the Gate Theatre in Dublin, and became one of the most recognisable figures in the arts in twentieth-century Ireland. As well as acting at the Gate and internationally, he designed numerous productions, wrote eleven plays, and published stories, verse and travel books in Irish and English. He wrote and appeared in three one-man shows, of which The Importance of Being Oscar (1960) was the most celebrated, achieving more than 1,300 performances.

Hilton Edwards
Hilton Edwards (2 February 1903 – 18 November 1982) was an English-born Irish actor, lighting designer, and theatrical producer. He co-founded the Gate Theatre in Dublin with his partner Micheál Mac Liammóir and two others, and has been referred to as the founder of Irish theatre. He was one of the most recognisable figures in the arts in 20th-century Ireland.
Commando Companies (Germany)
The Fallschirmjägerkompanien B1 (English: Paratroopercompanies B1) were paratrooper commando specially trained units of the German Bundeswehr and the predecessor of the current German army's special operations unit Kommando Spezialkräfte.

Kommando Spezialkräfte
The Kommando Spezialkräfte (KSK) is the special forces command of the German Army (Heer).

Formed in 1996, it is a brigade-level unit responsible for covert operations, counterterrorism, hostage rescue, direct action, high-value target missions, irregular warfare, ISTAR, rapid response in military emergencies, and other special operations. The KSK is based at the Graf Zeppelin Barracks in Calw, Baden-Württemberg, and is subordinated to the Rapid Forces Division (Division Schnelle Kräfte, DSK).

The Special Air Service (SAS), the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), and the German Federal Police's GSG 9 (Grenzschutzgruppe 9) of the former Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz, BGS) served as models for the formation of the KSK.

The unit has received decorations and awards from NATO, the United States, and allied forces. KSK personnel have participated in joint counterterrorism operations, notably in the Balkans and the Middle East.
Prince Edward, Hong Kong
Prince Edward is an area of Mong Kok south of Tong Mi surrounding Prince Edward station in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Named after Prince Edward Road West, the Prince Edward station of the MTR rapid transit system is an interchange station on the Tsuen Wan and the Kwun Tong lines.

Mong Kok
Mong Kok (Chinese: 旺角), also spelled Mongkok, often abbreviated as MK, is an area in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The Prince Edward subarea occupies the northern part of Mong Kok.

As one of the major shopping areas in Hong Kong, Mong Kok is characterised by a mixture of old and new multi-story buildings, with shops and restaurants at street level, and commercial or residential units above. Major industries in Mong Kok are retail, restaurants (including fast food) and entertainment. It has been described and portrayed in films as an area in which triads run bars, nightclubs, and massage parlours. With its extremely high population density of 130,000/km2 (340,000/sq mi), Mong Kok was described as the busiest district in the world by the Guinness World Records.
Lake Claire, Atlanta
Lake Claire is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, United States, comprising approximately 1,200 homes. It is situated entirely in the DeKalb County side of the city, east of Candler Park, north of Kirkwood, west of Decatur, and south of Druid Hills.

There was never an actual body of water known as Lake Claire; rather, the name was shorthand for the intersection of Lakeshore and Claire Drives. The closest thing to a commercial district is the small strip bordering Candler Park at McLendon and Clifton.

Part of the neighborhood lies with the Candler Park Historic District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Candler Park
Candler Park is a 55-acre (223,000 m2) city park located at 585 Candler Park Drive NE, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is named after Coca-Cola magnate Asa Griggs Candler, who donated this land to the city in 1922.  The park features a nine-hole golf course, a swimming pool, a football/soccer field, a basketball court, tennis courts, and a playground.

Candler Park is also the name of the neighborhood surrounding the park.  It is on the east side of the city, bordering Little Five Points, Lake Claire, Inman Park, Druid Hills, and Edgewood.

The Candler Park Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1983, with a boundary increase on March 17, 2005.  It includes portions of Lake Claire.

MARTA rapid transit rail service is available at the Edgewood/Candler Park station.
Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.

Source-available software
Source-available software is software released through a source code distribution model that includes arrangements where the source can be viewed, and in some cases modified, but without necessarily meeting the criteria to be called open-source. The licenses associated with the offerings range from allowing code to be viewed for reference to allowing code to be modified and redistributed for both commercial and non-commercial purposes.

Some source-available software licenses, classified as noncompete licenses, are closed-source software licenses that have been created by modifying an open-source software license to include a restriction that prohibits using the licensed software to compete with the developer. These anti-competitive restrictions create a vendor lock-in effect by steering users toward establishing a separate agreement with the developer for commercial use of the software.
Sankt Marein-Feistritz
Sankt Marein-Feistritz  is a municipality since 2015 in the Murtal District of Styria, Austria.

The municipality, Sankt Marein-Feistritz, was created as part of the Styria municipal structural reform,
at the end of 2014, by merging the former towns Sankt Marein bei Knittelfeld and Feistritz bei Knittelfeld.

Feistritz bei Knittelfeld
Feistritz bei Knittelfeld is a former municipality in the district of Murtal in Styria, Austria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Sankt Marein-Feistritz.
New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building
The New Sarawak Legislative Assembly Building (Malay: Bangunan Dewan Undangan Sarawak Baru) is the current state legislative complex of Sarawak, in Kuching, Malaysia. It houses the Sarawak Legislative Assembly, where state assemblymen from all over Sarawak meet and preside over debates and passing of laws.

The complex is at the north bank of the Sarawak River in between The Astana, which is the official residence of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) of Sarawak, and Fort Margherita.

The building was officially opened by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia, Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, on 27 July 2009, followed by the Rulers' Conference in the building complex.

The Astana, Sarawak
The Astana (Malay: Astana Sarawak) is a palace in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, on the north bank of the Sarawak River, opposite the Kuching Waterfront. It is the official residence of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak (Governor of Sarawak). The name is a variation of 'istana', meaning 'palace'. It was built in 1870 by the second White Rajah, Charles Brooke, as a wedding gift to his wife, Margaret Alice Lili de Windt. The palace is not normally open to the public, although the landscaped gardens are, which can be reached by a boat ride across the Sarawak River. It is part of the Kuching Heritage Trail.
Constantino Perales
Constantino Perales del Río (Ica, 11 March 1929 – León, 24 April 2020) was a Peruvian professional footballer who played as defender. He is the brother of Enrique and Agapito Perales, who are also footballers.

Agapito Perales
Agapito Perales del Río (14 March 1919 – 27 April 1994) was a Peruvian footballer.

He played one game for Peru, on 13 March 1955, against Ecuador, during the 1955 South American Championship. His brothers Enrique and Constantino also played for Peru national team.

Perales played defenseman and was known for his ball handling and heading skills. He started playing for Sport Victoria in his hometown.
San Miguel Food and Beverage
San Miguel Food and Beverage, Inc., (formerly known as San Miguel Pure Foods Company, Inc.), is a Philippine food and beverage company headquartered in Pasig, Metro Manila. It is the largest food and beverage company in the Philippines, with nearly 3,000 employees deployed in a nationwide network of offices, farms, manufacturing, processing and distribution facilities. The company evolved from Pure Foods Corporation and is a subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation (SMC).

San Miguel Corporation
San Miguel Corporation (Tagalog pronunciation: [sɐn mɪˈɡɛl]), abbreviated as SMC, is a Philippine multinational conglomerate with headquarters in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. The company is one of the largest and most diversified conglomerates in the Philippines. Originally founded in 1890 as a brewery, San Miguel has ventured beyond its core business, with investments in various sectors such as food and drink, finance, infrastructure, oil and energy, transportation, and real estate.

Its flagship product, San Miguel Beer, is one of the best selling beers in the world. San Miguel's manufacturing operations have extended beyond its home market to areas such as Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Australia. In total, its products are exported to 60 markets around the world.
UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
The UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology is an institute within the Faculty of Brain Sciences of University College London (UCL) and is located in London, United Kingdom. Together with the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, an adjacent facility with which it cooperates closely, the institute forms a major centre for teaching, training and research in neurology and allied clinical and basic neurosciences.

The institute has a staff of around 750 and 500 graduate students, an annual turnover of £102 million and occupies around 12,000 sq m of laboratory and office space. Four of the 12 most highly cited authors in neuroscience and behaviour in the world are currently based at the institute. The institute conducts research into a wide range of neurological diseases, including movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, brain cancer, stroke and brain injury, muscle and nerve disorders, cognitive dysfunction and dementia. It forms a key part of UCL Neuroscience.

National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
51°31′20″N 0°7′19″W﻿ / ﻿51.52222°N 0.12194°W﻿ / 51.52222; -0.12194

The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (informally the National Hospital or Queen Square) is a neurological hospital in Queen Square, London. It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. It was the first hospital to be established in England dedicated exclusively to treating the diseases of the nervous system. It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and in partnership with the UCL Institute of Neurology, which occupies the same site, is a major centre for neuroscience research.
Pat Dugan
Patrick "Pat" Dugan is a superhero in the DC Comics Universe. The former adult sidekick to teenage superhero Sylvester Pemberton, the Star-Spangled Kid, Dugan is a gifted mechanic known for inventions such as the Star Rocket Racer. Originally called "Stripesy" while working with the Seven Soldiers of Victory and the All-Star Squadron before building a powered suit of armor dubbed S.T.R.I.P.E. (Special Tactics Robotic Integrated Power Enhancer). Dugan as Stripesy was created by Jerry Siegel and Hal Sherman and first appeared in Star Spangled Comics #1 (October 1941).

Pat Dugan appeared on The CW series Stargirl, played by Luke Wilson.

Seven Soldiers of Victory
The Seven Soldiers of Victory (also known as Law's Legionnaires) are a team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. They first appeared in Leading Comics #1 (Winter 1941), and were created by Mort Weisinger and Mort Meskin. The team was a short-lived assembly of some of the less famous superheroes in the DC Universe who have made occasional appearances since their Golden Age debut.