hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rudolf Ritter von Otto
Rudolf Ritter von Otto (1735 – 7 August 1811) was an Austrian military leader. He began his military career in the army of the Electorate of Saxony, transferred to the Austrian army and had a distinguished combat record as a cavalry officer during the Seven Years' War and the French Revolutionary Wars. He achieved impressive victories at the battles of Villers-en-Cauchies and Beaumont despite significant numerical inferiority, although his troops were more experienced and the sources do not specify that his opponents used all available forces.

Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
In the Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies, fought on 24 April 1794, a small Anglo-Austrian cavalry force routed a vastly more numerous but underexperienced French division during the Flanders Campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars. Villers-en-Cauchies is 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Valenciennes.
Weaver Hall Museum and Workhouse
The Weaver Hall Museum and Workhouse, Northwich, Cheshire, records the social, cultural and industrial history of West Cheshire.  Formerly known as the Salt Museum, its early focus was on the history of salt extraction, a local industry dating back to Roman times. The museum was renamed Weaver Hall Museum and Workhouse in 2010 as its remit now extends to cover the broader history of the area and also the history of the building itself as a former workhouse.

The museum is located in the building of the old Northwich Union Workhouse, dating from 1839 and situated on the A533 road.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II listed building.

Salt in Cheshire
Cheshire is a county in North West England. Rock salt was laid down in this region some 220 million years ago, during the Triassic period. Seawater moved inland from an open sea, creating a chain of shallow salt marshes across what is today the Cheshire Basin.  As the marshes evaporated, deep deposits of rock salt were formed.
Aurora Pinedo
Doña Aurora Pinedo y Barra (1910 – 18 April 1992) was the Princess Regent of the Afro-Bolivians from 1954 to 1992. As her father, Bonifacio I, had no male heirs, she succeeded him as princess regent following his death in 1954.

Afro-Bolivian monarchy
The Afro-Bolivian Royal House (Spanish: la Casa Real Afroboliviana) is a ceremonial monarchy recognized as part of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, which does not interfere with the system of the Presidential republic in force within the country. It was established in 1823 with the coronation of King Uchicho and is centered in Mururata, a village in the Yungas region of Bolivia. The monarchy is treated as a customary leader of the Afro-Bolivian community. The powers of the Afro-Bolivian king are similar to those of a traditional king, representing the Afro-Bolivian community. The current Afro-Bolivian monarchs are King Julio Pinedo and Queen Angélica Larrea.
Atholl Highlanders
The Atholl Highlanders is a Scottish private ceremonial infantry regiment. The regiment is not part of the British Armed Forces but under the command of the Duke of Atholl, and based at Blair Castle, Blair Atholl. Although it has no military role, the men are armed with 19th-century Lee–Metford rifles, and the regiment includes a pipe band. Around the size of an army company, they are now a tourist attraction at Blair Castle, taking part in annual parades.

It acted as the personal bodyguard to the dukes, chiefs of the Clan Murray, who lived in Perthshire for roughly seven centuries. Joining the Highlanders is by invitation from the duke, who selects men with ties to the estate or the local area. The current duke lives in South Africa, and has travelled to inspect the Highlanders at their annual parades. It has been described as the only legal private army in Europe.

Blair Castle
Blair Castle (in Scottish Gaelic: Caisteil Bhlàir) stands in its grounds near the village of Blair Atholl in Perthshire in Scotland. It is the ancestral home of the Clan Murray, and was historically the seat of their chief, the Duke of Atholl, though the current chief, the 12th Duke of Atholl, lives in South Africa, where he was born and raised. The castle stands in Glen Garry, and commands a strategic position on the main route (now the A9 road) through the central Scottish Highlands.

The castle is a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.
Dipping sauce
A dip or dipping sauce is a common condiment for many types of food. Dips are used to add flavor or texture to a food, such as pita bread, dumplings, crackers, chopped raw vegetables, fruits, seafood, cubed pieces of meat and cheese, potato chips, tortilla chips, falafel, and sometimes even whole sandwiches in the case of jus. Unlike other sauces, instead of applying the sauce to the food, the food is typically placed or dipped into the sauce.

Dips are commonly used for finger foods, appetisers, and other food types. Thick dips based on sour cream, crème fraîche, milk, yogurt, mayonnaise, soft cheese, or beans are a staple of American hors d'oeuvres and are lighter than spreads, which can be thinned to make dips.

Dips in various forms are eaten all over the world and people have been using sauces for dipping for thousands of years.

Sour cream
Sour cream (sometimes known as soured cream in British English) is a dairy product obtained by fermenting regular cream with certain kinds of lactic acid bacteria. The bacterial culture, which is introduced either deliberately or naturally, sours and thickens the cream. Its name comes from the production of lactic acid by bacterial fermentation, which is called souring. Crème fraîche is one type of sour cream with a high fat content and less sour taste.
Bambalouni
Bambalouni (Arabic: بمبالوني), also referred to as bambaloni, is a sweet Tunisian donut. It can be made at home or bought from fast food shops. It is prepared with a flour dough fried in oil. The bambaloni is eaten sprinkled with sugar or soaked in honey. It can be eaten at any time of day. It inspired the sfenj donut that is widely consumed throughout the Maghreb, which is also known as sfinz in Libya.

Sfenj
Sfenj (from the Arabic word Arabic: سفنج, romanized: Safanj, meaning sponge) is a Maghrebi doughnut: a light, spongy ring of dough fried in oil. Sfenj is eaten plain, sprinkled with sugar, or soaked in honey. It is a well-known dish in the Maghreb and is traditionally made and sold early in the morning for breakfast or in the late afternoon accompanied by tea—usually Maghrebi mint tea—or coffee. The term Sfenj is used in Algeria and other parts of the Maghreb. It is called bambalouni in Tunisia, and Sfenz in Libya and Maghrebi Judeo-Arabic dialects. In Morocco, the term "Sfenj" is used, also sometimes nicknamed in the literature "Moroccan doughnuts". It is also called Khfaf or ftayr in Algeria, and is sometimes also dubbed as the "Algerian doughnut".
USS Cobia
USS Cobia (SS/AGSS-245) is a Gato-class submarine, formerly of the United States Navy, named for the cobia.

Cobia was designated a National Historic Landmark for her service in World War II, which included service in the Pacific, where she earned four battle stars.  She is now a museum ship at the Wisconsin Maritime Museum in Manitowoc, Wisconsin.

Manitowoc, Wisconsin
Manitowoc (/ˈmænɪtəwɒk/ ⓘ MAN-it-ə-wok) is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Manitowoc River. The population was 34,626 at the 2020 census.
Xistrella
Xistrella is a genus of Asian groundhoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera); originally erected by Ignacio Bolívar in 1909, it is now the type genus of the new (2025) tribe Xistrellini.  The (possibly incomplete) recorded species distribution includes the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, China, parts of Indochina, and western Malesia including the Philippines.

Tetrigidae
Tetrigidae is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers, pygmy grasshoppers, pygmy devils or (mostly historical) "grouse locusts".
Konkokyo
Konkōkyō (金光教, Konkō-kyō), or Konkō, is a Shinto sect with origins in Shinbutsu-shūgō beliefs. It is part of the Kyoha Shintō Rengōkai (教派神道連合会, Association of Sectarian Shinto). It was founded by Bunjirō Kawate (川手文治郎, Kawate Bunjirō; 1814–1883) (also known as Konkō Daijin (金光大神)) in 1859. Konkōkyō primarily worships a kami named Tenchi Kane No Kami (天地金乃神), as well as other kami, namely the Mitama no Kami (divine spirits of those who died). To which every Konko worship hall has two altars for this purpose. To define Konkōkyō with any particular theism is difficult. As it is a Shinto sect, its general belief system and worldview aligns with Shinto as a whole. It can be defined with various ideas depending on how one personally interprets the nature of Tenchi Kane no Kami, whether it is monotheist, polytheist, henotheist, pantheist, and so forth. Regardless of one's personal interpretation, Konkōkyō does not deny or exclude other deities or other religions.

Konko Daijin
Konkō Daijin (金光大神) (September 29, 1814 – October 10, 1883) was the Japanese founder of Konkōkyō (the "Konko Faith"). Born a farmer in present-day Okayama Prefecture of western Japan, he experienced a divine revelation on November 15, 1859. From that time on, he devoted himself to serving Tenchi Kane no Kami (天地金乃神), the golden Kami of Heaven and Earth.
Williams & Kettle
Williams & Kettle Limited with headquarters in Napier, New Zealand, owned a stock and station agency business and a general merchants business with branches throughout the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Incorporated as a co-operative in 1891, it had been founded in 1885 by landowner and businessman Frederic Williams  (1854–1940) with Nathaniel Kettle (1854–1940), a brother-in-law of John Roberts the local principal of Dunedin's Murray Roberts and a former Murray Roberts & Co employee.

Frederic Williams (businessman)
Frederic Wanklyn Williams (1854–1940) was a New Zealand business proprietor, company director and community leader. He was born in Whakato, East Coast, New Zealand in 1854.

F W Williams was the eldest child of the Bishop of Waiapu. With Nathaniel Kettle he founded the stock and station agency, importers and general merchants Williams & Kettle with its headquarters in Napier.

From 1902 he served briefly as Mayor of Napier while he steered through a new loan to help develop the town. That done he resigned from the mayoralty in 1904 returning to his commercial interests but retaining his community involvement in the local harbour board between 1889 and 1919 together with the Hawke's Bay A & P Society as chairman and giving eight years service on the Hawke's Bay Education Board.
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Liloy National High School
The Liloy National High School is a Public High School located in National Highway, Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. It was founded on July 1, 1974, and nationalized in July 1987. It's also the biggest school in the province of Zamboanga del Norte in terms of students and teachers population with greater distinctions.

Liloy
Liloy, officially the Municipality of Liloy (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Liloy; Subanen: Benwa Liloy; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Liloy; Tagalog: Bayan ng Liloy), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 41,881 people.

Liloy is mainly an agricultural community with an economy that relies mostly on crop production such as corn, rice, coconuts, peanuts, and root crops. It is known as the "Peanut Capital of Zamboanga del Norte".
Canandaigua, New York
Canandaigua (/ˌkænənˈdeɪɡwə/) is a city in Ontario County, New York, United States. Its population was 10,576 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Ontario County; some administrative offices are at the county complex in the adjacent town of Hopewell.

The city is surrounded by the Town of Canandaigua. The City of Canandaigua is on the northern end of Canandaigua Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Rochester, 68 miles (109 km) west of Syracuse, and 93 miles (150 km) east of Buffalo. Canandaigua is part of the Greater Rochester area and is Rochester’s southernmost suburb.

Canandaigua Lake
Canandaigua Lake /ˌkænənˈdeɪɡwə/ a Finger Lake in Ontario County in western New York state. It is the westernmost of the major Finger Lakes, largest of the four Finger Lakes in the county, and fourth largest by size of the Finger  Lakes.  The City of Canandaigua is located at the northern end of the lake and the village of Naples is several miles south of the southern end.

The name Canandaigua is derived from the  Seneca name spelled variously Kanandarque, Ganondagan, Ga-nun-da-gwa, or in a modern transcription, tganǫdæ:gwęh, which means "the chosen spot", or "at the chosen town".
Geothermal areas in New Zealand
Located in a geologically active region, New Zealand has numerous geothermal features, including volcanoes, hot springs, geysers and volcanic lakes. Many of these features cluster together geographically, notably throughout the central North Island's Taupō Volcanic Zone. These areas attract scientific interest and tourism;  power generators,  industry and civil engineering also utilise them.

Hot springs in New Zealand
New Zealand has a large number of hot springs. Many of them are used for therapeutic purposes.

The highest concentration of such springs is in the Central Plateau region of the North Island, in the Taupō Volcanic Zone. The area of Whakarewarewa near Rotorua is also known as Waiariki, from the Māori name for hot springs, due to the abundance of geothermal features in the area.
Mitsuoka
Mitsuoka Motor (光岡自動車) is a small Japanese automobile company. It is noted for building cars with unconventional styling, some of which are modern while most others are retro-styled to imitate the look of American, European and particularly British cars of the 1950s and 1960s. Mitsuoka Motors is also the principal distributor of the retro-classic TD2000 roadster in Japan.

Mitsuoka is primarily a custom design coachbuilder, customizing production cars, e.g., the Nissan March, and replacing various aspects of the bodywork. It has also produced a sports car, the Orochi, and has a special department for hearses.

Mitsuoka Orochi
The Mitsuoka Orochi (Japanese: 光岡大蛇) is a Japanese sports car designed and built by Mitsuoka Motors as a concept car in 2001, with updates and revisions to the design appearing in 2003 and 2005, before finally being put into production and offered for sale in late 2006 as a 2007 model.  The car takes its name from the mythical Yamata no Orochi 8-headed Japanese dragon. Mitsuoka says "Orochi is the car to ride to gather attention from everyone", and categorizes this car as a "Fashion-Super Car".
Mudgeeraba, Queensland
Mudgeeraba (/ˈmʌdʒərəbɑː/ MUH-jə-rə-bah) is a town and suburb in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Mudgeeraba had a population of 14,578 people. Mudgeeraba's essential character remains one of a nineteenth-century village.

City of Gold Coast
The City of Gold Coast is the local government area spanning the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, and surrounding areas. It is on the central eastern coast of Australia adjoining the Pacific Ocean. With a population of 606,774, it is the second most populous local government area in the state of Queensland (Brisbane being the largest). Its council maintains a staff of over 2,500. The council was established in 1948, and has existed in its present form since 2008. The City of Gold Coast borders New South Wales and Tweed Shire to the south, Scenic Rim to the west, and Logan and Redland to the northwest and north, respectively.
John Berton Carnett
John Berton Carnett (1890–1934) was an American surgeon remembered for Carnett's sign. He was Professor of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and was Director of American Base Hospital No. 20 in Chatel-Guyon, France, during the First World War.

American Base Hospital No. 20
Base Hospital No. 20, located in Châtel-Guyon, France, was one of the hundreds of Base Hospitals created to treat soldiers wounded during the First World War. It was created in 1916 by the University of Pennsylvania and served the American Expeditionary Forces (A.E.F.) until 1919.
María Félix
María de los Ángeles Félix Güereña (Spanish: [maˈɾi.a ˈfeliɣs]; 8 April 1914 – 8 April 2002) was a Mexican actress and singer. Along with Pedro Armendáriz and Dolores del Río, she was one of the most successful figures of Latin American cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. Considered one of the most beautiful actresses of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema, her strong personality and taste for finesse garnered her the title of diva early in her career. She was known as La Doña, a name derived from her character in Doña Bárbara (1943), and María Bonita, thanks to the anthem composed exclusively for her as a wedding gift by her second husband, Agustín Lara. Her acting career consists of 47 films made in Mexico, Spain, France, Italy, and Argentina.

Pedro Armendáriz
Pedro Gregorio Armendáriz Hastings (May 9, 1912 – June 18, 1963) was a Mexican and American actor. With the actresses Dolores del Río and María Félix, he was one of the best-known Latin American movie stars of the 1940s and 1950s. He won the Ariel Award for Best Actor twice (out of six nominations), for The Pearl (1948) and Soledad's Shawl (1952).
Christmas in Portland, Oregon
There are many ways in which the Christian holiday of Christmas is celebrated in the American city of Portland, Oregon. Annual traditions include the Christmas Ships Parade, Peacock Lane, the Pioneer Courthouse Square Christmas tree, and the art installation Santa Clones. The city hosts many other displays, concerts, and other performances related to Christmas.

Peacock Lane
Peacock Lane is a four-block street in southeast Portland, Oregon, in the United States.  It is known for its elaborately decorated homes during the Christmas and holiday season.
During this time of year, thousands of people come to view the displays, enjoy hot cocoa, and previously take horsedrawn carriage rides, and sing Christmas carols. The street earned a listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
Ether addiction
Addiction to ether consumption, or etheromania, is the addiction to the inhalation or drinking of diethyl ether, commonly called "ether". Studies, including that of an ether addict in 2003, have shown that ether causes addiction; however, the only symptom observed was a will to consume more ether. No withdrawal symptoms were prevalent.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.
R730 (South Africa)
The R730 is a Regional Route in Free State, South Africa. The entire 40-kilometre route is part of the ZR Mahabane Toll Route maintained by the South African National Roads Agency, which goes from Bloemfontein to Kroonstad (an alternative route to the N1 national route). Although there are no tollgates on this stretch at the moment, it is labelled as a toll road to the near public and to motorists using the road (indicated on road signage).

It begins south of Welkom at an off-ramp junction with the R30 road (which takes over as the ZR Mahabane Highway to Bloemfontein) and ends east of Odendaalsrus at a t-junction with the R34 road (which takes over as the ZR Mahabane Highway to Kroonstad).

SANRAL
SANRAL (officially the South African National Roads Agency SOC Ltd) is a South African parastatal responsible for the management, maintenance, and development of South Africa's national road network.

The network includes many of the country's National ("N") roadways, as well as some of its Provincial and Regional ("R") ones.

SANRAL reports to the Department of Transport, headed by the Minister of Transport. SANRAL works alongside similar agencies, such as PRASA, ACSA, and the RTMC.
KZZO
KZZO (100.5 MHz "Now 100.5") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Sacramento, California. It broadcasts an Adult Top 40 radio format and is owned by Salt Lake City–based Bonneville International, a profit-making subsidiary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  KZZO's studios and offices are on Commerce Circle in Sacramento near the American River and the North Sacramento Freeway (California State Route 160).  KZZO is one of four stations operated by Bonneville in the Sacramento radio market, along with FM stations KNCI and KYMX plus AM station KHTK.

KZZO has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 115,000 watts, grandfathered at an unusually high power.  The transmitter is on Alder Creek Parkway in Folsom, near U.S. Route 50.  KZZO broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format, with its HD2 digital subchannel carrying an Dance/EDM format.  The station carries the Brooke & Jeffrey morning drive time show, syndicated by Premiere Networks from KQMV Seattle.

KYMX
KYMX (96.1 FM, "Mix 96") is a commercial radio station that is licensed to Sacramento, California, United States. The station is owned by Salt Lake City–based Bonneville International and broadcasts an adult contemporary format. KYMX's transmitter is located in Natomas and its studios are in North Sacramento.

KYMX broadcasts in HD Radio.
Carbon-12
Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars. Carbon-12 is of particular importance in its use as the standard from which atomic masses of all nuclides are measured, thus, its atomic mass is exactly 12 daltons by definition. Carbon-12 is composed of 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

See carbon-13 for means of separating the two isotopes, thereby enriching both.

Carbon-13
Carbon-13 (13C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons. It constitutes about 1.07% of natural carbon and is one of the so-called environmental isotopes.
Dohasan
Dohäsan (Kiowa: D̶ohausan) (late 1780s to early 1790s – 1866) was a prominent Native American.  He was War Chief of the Kata or Arikara band of the Kiowa Indians, and then Principal Chief of the entire Kiowa Tribe, a position he held for an extraordinary 33 years.  He is best remembered as the last undisputed Principal Chief of the Kiowa people before the Reservation Era, and the battlefield leader of the Plains Tribes in the largest battle ever fought between the Plains tribes and the United States.

Sitting Bear
Sét:àñ:gyà, commonly known as Satank (also Set-angya or Set-ankeah, translated as Sitting Bear), was a prestigious Kiowa warrior and medicine man. He was born about 1800, probably in Kansas, and killed June 8, 1871. An able warrior, he became part of the Koitsenko (or Kaitsenko, k’ói:tséñgàu), the society of the bravest Kiowa warriors. He led many raids against the Cheyennes, the Sacs, and the Foxes. As the white settlers' importance increased, he raided settlements, wagon trains, and even army outposts.