hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michaelmas
Michaelmas (/ˈmɪkəlməs/ MIK-əl-məs; also known as the Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, the Feast of the Archangels or the Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels) is a Christian festival observed in many Western Christian liturgical calendars on 29 September and on 8 November in the Eastern Christian traditions. Michaelmas has been one of the four quarter days of the English and Irish financial, judicial and academic year.

In the Christian angelology of some traditions, the Archangel Michael is considered as the greatest of all the angels, being particularly honoured for defeating Satan in the War in Heaven.

Quarter days
In British and Irish tradition, the quarter days are the four dates in each year on which servants were hired, school terms started, and rents were due. They fell on four religious festivals roughly three months apart and close to the two solstices and two equinoxes.

The significance of quarter days is now limited, although rents for properties in England are often still due on the old English quarter days.

The quarter days have been observed at least since the Middle Ages, and they ensured that debts and unresolved lawsuits were not allowed to linger on. Accounts had to be settled, and a reckoning had to be made and publicly recorded on the quarter days.
Mohammed Sleem
Mohammed Sleem (14 January 1892 – around 1980) was a tennis player and lawyer who represented India at the Davis Cup and Olympic Games. He competed in the singles event at the 1924 Summer Olympics, reaching the third round in which he lost to eventual Olympic champion Vincent Richards. With compatriot Sydney Jacob he competed in the men's doubles event and lost in the first round. Between 1915 and 1931 he won 27 career titles.

Sydney Jacob
Sydney Montague Jacob (28 October 1879 – 14 February 1977) was an Anglo-Indian tennis player who represented India at the Davis Cup and Olympic Games. He was active from 1907 to 1928 and won 15 career singles titles.
Beatrice Wood
Beatrice Wood (March 3, 1893 – March 12, 1998) was an American artist and studio potter involved in the Dada movement in the United States; she founded and edited The Blind Man and Rongwrong magazines in New York City with French artist Marcel Duchamp and writer Henri-Pierre Roché in 1917. She had earlier studied art and theater in Paris, and was working in New York as an actress. She later worked at sculpture and pottery. Wood was characterized as the "Mama of Dada".

Wood partially inspired the character of Rose DeWitt Bukater in the 1998 film Titanic. She died nine days after her 105th birthday in Ojai, California.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
Apply
In mathematics and computer science, apply is a function that applies a function to arguments. It is central to programming languages derived from lambda calculus, such as LISP and Scheme, and also in functional languages. It has a role in the study of the denotational semantics of computer programs, because it is a continuous function on complete partial orders. Apply is also a continuous function in homotopy theory, and, indeed underpins the entire theory: it allows a homotopy deformation to be viewed as a continuous path in the space of functions.  Likewise, valid mutations (refactorings) of computer programs can be seen as those that are "continuous" in the Scott topology.

The most general setting for apply is in category theory, where it is right adjoint to currying in closed monoidal categories. A special case of this are the Cartesian closed categories, whose internal language is simply typed lambda calculus.

Cartesian closed category
In category theory, a category is Cartesian closed if, roughly speaking, any morphism defined on a product of two objects can be naturally identified with a morphism defined on one of the factors. These categories are particularly important in mathematical logic and the theory of programming, in that their internal language is the simply typed lambda calculus. They are generalized by closed monoidal categories, whose internal language, linear type systems, are suitable for both quantum and classical computation.
Kataw (Philippine mythology)
The Kataw is one of the merfolk in the Philippine Mythology. In Visayan, Katau was believed to have higher rankings than other water and sea creatures as those of Sirena, Sireno and Siyokoy. It is believed that the Kataws are the reigning rulers of the kingdom of the Bantay Tubig or merfolk.

Based on physical features, Kataws, along the Sireyna and Sireyno, were the Bantay Tubig-creatures that bear likeness to human while Siyokoy are those that resemble water-creatures. Unlike Sirena, they have feet instead of tails but they have gills on their bodies and fins in their arms. These marine creatures disguise themselves as fishermen asking for help. When approached by mortals, the Kataws drown them into the abyss.

According to old folks, Kataws have the ability to manipulate and control water-type elements and related forces such as pressure, tides, waves, bubbles and the likes. Also, they can change water to ice.

Sirena (Philippine mythology)
The Sirena is a mythological sea creature from Filipino culture. Popular in folklore in many regions of the Philippines. In Philippine mythology, the Sirena is a mythological aquatic creature with the head and torso of a human female from waist down and the tail of a fish. The Sirena is an Engkanto –' the Filipino counterpart of English mermaids. Engkantos are classified as one of the Bantay Tubig, (guardian of a body of water) a Filipino term for mythical guardians of the water. In addition to the Sirena, other examples of Bantay Tubig are Siyokoy, Kataw, and Ugkoy.  The male version of a Sirena is called a Sireno. Sometimes, Sirena are paired with Siyokoy. A popular mermaid character in the Philippines is Dyesebel.
Laudach
Laudach is a river in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. The river reaches a length of 23 km (14 mi). The Laudach is a left and the main tributary of the Alm.

The longer Äußere (outer) Laudach is the output of the Laudachsee in Gmunden. It passes the areas of the municipalities Sankt Konrad, Gschwandt, Kirchham and Vorchdorf from the south.

The smaller tributary, the Innere (inner) or Dürre Laudach, has its source in Kirchham. It is formed by two sources, the Platzbach and the Edlbach. The water stems from three hills (Wiesberg, Hacklberg and Feichtenberghills) that lay like a horseshoe around the district Hagenmühle of Kirchham. This right tributary discharges from the south into the Äußere Laudach north of Vorchdorf.

The Laudach empties into the Alm about 5 km (3.1 mi) after the junction of the Äußere and Innere Laudach, several times interrupted by small weirs, in the southern area of the city of Bad Wimsbach.

There are a couple of artificial ponds along the Laudach.

Alm (river)
Alm is a river in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

The Alm's source is lake Almsee. It is a right tributary of the Traun, which meets near the town of Fischlham. Its largest tributary is the Laudach.

Municipalities along the river are Grünau im Almtal, Scharnstein, Pettenbach, Vorchdorf, Steinerkirchen an der Traun and Bad Wimsbach-Neydharting.

The quality of the water is potable. Fishes in the Alm include brown trout, rainbow trout, brook trout and grayling.
Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014
The Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which consolidated and expanded law enforcement powers in addressing anti-social behaviour. One significant aspect of the act is that it replaced anti-social behaviour orders, the primary civil order in the United Kingdom since 1998, with criminal behaviour orders.

Criminal behaviour order
A criminal behaviour order (CBO) is an order to the offender issued by a judge in England and Wales, at the request of the prosecution, under Part 2 of the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014.
BAL (basketball)
Basketball Academie Limburg, commonly known as BAL and for sponsorship reasons as PrismaWorx BAL, is a Dutch basketball club based in Weert in the province of Limburg. The club was founded in 2013 as an academy to develop youth players from the province of Limburg. The club entered the Dutch Basketball League for the 2017–18 season after the dissolution of the professional team BSW. Currently, the team plays in the BNXT League.

In 2021, BAL won its first-ever trophy when it won the DBL Cup in surprising fashion as the team was ranked eight in the DBL that season.

BSW (basketball)
Basketball Stars Weert, commonly known as BSW, was a professional basketball team based in Weert, Netherlands. The club was founded in 1968 and played in the Dutch Basketball League. Home games of the team are played in the Sporthal Boshoven.

The club was a regular participant in the Dutch top division, as the side from Weert appeared in the Eredivisie (later DBL) for 34 straight seasons. The highlight of the club was the national championship in the 1993–94 season. The club finished three times as runner-up in the DBL: in 1988, 1993 and 2001. As well, BSW made European appearances with the most notable being the one in the FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup, the highest European level, in 1994–95.

In 2017 the club was dissolved after financial problems and the inability to gain enough money to participate. However, the club was replaced by BAL  from Weert.
Şırnak Province
Şırnak Province (Turkish: Şırnak ili, Kurdish: Parêzgeha Şirnex) is a province in Turkey in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. Şırnak Province was created in 1990, with areas that were formerly part of the Siirt, Hakkâri and Mardin Provinces. It borders both Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Syria. The current Governor of the province is Cevdet Atay.

The province had a population of 570,745 in 2023. Its area is 7,078 km2. It encompasses 19 municipalities, 240 villages and 192 hamlets.

Considered part of Turkish Kurdistan, the province has a Kurdish majority.

Hakkâri Province
Hakkâri Province (pronounced [hacːaːɾi], Turkish: Hakkâri ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Colemêrg), is a province in the southeast of Turkey. It borders Van Province to the north, and Şırnak Province to the west. The administrative centre is the city of Hakkâri. Its area is 7,095 km2, and its population is 287,625 (2023). The current Governor is Ali Çelik. The province encompasses 8 municipalities, 140 villages and 313 hamlets. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

The province is a stronghold for Kurdish nationalism and a hotspot in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.
Arctiin
Arctiin is a lignan found in many plants of the family Asteraceae, particularly the greater burdock (Arctium lappa) and Centaurea imperialis, and in Trachelospermum asiaticum, Saussurea heteromalla, and  Forsythia viridissima. It is the glucoside of arctigenin.

Arctiin and arctigenin have shown anticancer effects in animal research. They have been found to act as agonists of the adiponectin receptor 1.

Arctigenin
Arctigenin is a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae, including the greater burdock (Arctium lappa) and Saussurea heteromalla. It has shown antiviral and anticancer effects in vitro. It is the aglycone of arctiin.

The use of arctigenin has been shown to be effective in a mouse model of Japanese encephalitis.

It has been found to act as an agonist of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1).
Yau Lit
Yau Lit (Chinese: 尢列; pinyin: Yóu Liè; Wade–Giles: Yu Lieh; 1864 – 12 December 1936), born Yau Kwai-bok (尢季博), courtesy name Tui-hau (推孝) or Ling-kwai (令季), or Euclid Yau, was a Chinese revolutionary from Shuntak, Guangdong. He is one of the Four Bandits, together with Sun Yat-sen, Chan Siu-bak and Yeung Hok-ling.

Chan Siu-bak
Chan Siu-bak (陳少白) (born Chan Siu-man (陳紹聞); 20 July 1869 – 23 December 1934), courtesy name Siu-bak (少白), art-named Kwai-shek (夔石), was a Chinese revolutionary from Xinhui, Guangdong. He was one of the Four Bandits, together with Sun Yat-sen, Yau Lit and Yeung Hok-ling.
Blanch's Royal Oak Inn
Blanch's Royal Oak Inn is the heritage-listed site of a former inn on the New England Highway in Kentucky, a village in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It is one of a group of historic sites labelled The Captain Thunderbolt Sites for their association with bushranger Captain Thunderbolt, along with Captain Thunderbolt's Rock, Captain Thunderbolt's Death Site, and Captain Thunderbolt's Grave. Collectively, all properties were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 July 2012.

Captain Thunderbolt's Rock
Thunderbolt's Rock is a heritage-listed rock and now picnic site and tourist attraction located adjacent to the New England Highway in Uralla, a town in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Split Rock and Big Rock. The property is owned by Uralla Shire Council. It is one of a group of historic sites labelled The Captain Thunderbolt Sites for their association with bushranger Captain Thunderbolt, along with Blanch's Royal Oak Inn, Captain Thunderbolt's Death Site, and Captain Thunderbolt's Grave. Collectively, all properties were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 July 2012.
William Frederick Windham
William Frederick Windham (9 August 1840 – 2 February 1866) was the son of William Howe Windham and the heir to Felbrigg Hall in the county of Norfolk, England. In 1861–62, he was the subject of a "lunacy" case after he married a woman of whom his uncle did not approve, causing his family to claim that he was incapable of managing his affairs. Windham won the case in a ruling that characterised him as eccentric rather than a lunatic.

The case was described in the British Journal of Psychiatry as "a significant event in psychiatric history" in the transition from "legal management in psychiatric illness and towards medical management".

A spendthrift, Windham frittered away his considerable fortune and, facing legal fees of £20,000 from the case, was forced to declare bankruptcy and sell Felbrigg Hall. He moved into a local hotel but continued his dissolute lifestyle and worked as a coach driver before dying at the age of 25.

William Windham (Liberal politician)
William Howe Windham (30 March 1802 – 22 December 1854) was the son of Vice-Admiral William Lukin Windham, and a British Member of Parliament. He lived at Felbrigg Hall.

He represented the constituency of East Norfolk 1832–1835 as a Liberal, but was defeated at the elections of 1835 and 1837. He was also High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1842. He married Lady Sophia Hervey, daughter of Frederick Hervey, 1st Marquess of Bristol, by whom he had one son; William Frederick Windham (1840–1866) who was the subject of a notorious lunacy case.
Rajesh Bhagwan
Rajesh Anand Bhagwan is a Mauritian politician. He currently serves as Minister of Environment, Solid Waste Management and Climate Change since November 2024 under Navin Ramgoolam's fourth government. Bhagwan has previously held the same ministry between 1996 to 1997 and 2000 to 2005 albeit under modified portfolio titles.

Serving as a member of the National Assembly of Mauritius for the Mauritian Militant Movement, Bhagwan holds the current record for having been elected to the assembly continuously since 1983 and is the second longest-serving MP after his close friend and party leader, Paul Bérenger. An MP for the constituency of Beau Bassin and Petite Rivière, he has not lost reelection for the same constituency since contesting it for the first time in 1983.

Well-known for his outspokenness and one-liners, Bhagwan is also known as the "Bulldozer" and many of his remarks in the National Assembly have resulted in his suspension or expulsion from the chamber on several occasions.

Paul Bérenger
Paul Raymond Bérenger (born 26 March 1945) is a Mauritian politician who served as the fourth prime minister of Mauritius from 2003 to 2005. Bérenger currently serves as deputy prime minister since November 2024 and has previously held the office twice from 1995 to 1997 and 2000 to 2003.

He has served as foreign minister and finance minister, both in two stints, in the governments of Anerood Jugnauth and Navin Ramgoolam. Bérenger, a Catholic Christian of Franco-Mauritian descent, has been the only Christian prime minister of Mauritius, or, more particularly, the only prime minister who has not belonged to the Jugnauth or Ramgoolam families.

He has been Leader of the Opposition on several occasions – from 1983 to 1987, 1997 to 2000, 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2013, October 2013 to September 2014 and from December 2014 to 2016 when he was replaced by Xavier-Luc Duval. With six stints in the office, Bérenger holds the longest-serving record in this constitutional position.
18th Battalion (Australia)
The 18th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. During World War I, the battalion was raised in 1915 as part of the Australian Imperial Force, attached to the 5th Brigade, of the 2nd Division. It was sent initially to Gallipoli, where it suffered many casualties before it was withdrawn from the line and sent to France and Belgium, where it served at the Western Front as part of the Australian Corps and took part in most of the major battles between 1916 and 1918. The battalion's last engagement of the war was at Montbrehain in October 1918 and it was disbanded in April 1919.

After the war, the battalion was re-raised as a part-time force in the Sydney area. It was briefly amalgamated with the 51st Battalion in 1935–1936, but the two units were later unlinked and re-raised as separate units. During World War II, the battalion served in a garrison role in Australia and was disbanded in 1944 without having seen active service overseas.

51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment
The 51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment (51 FNQR) is an Australian Army Reserve Regional Force Surveillance Unit headquartered at Porton Barracks in Cairns. The battalion's primary role is to conduct reconnaissance and surveillance tasks in support of border security operations. Its area of operations includes the Torres Strait (especially Australia's border with Papua New Guinea) and the Cape York littoral environment. Additional tasks for 51FNQR include the collection and collation of military geographic information as well as community engagement and disaster relief operations.

Soldiers in the unit are cross-trained in a variety of "low-visibility" skills such as weapons, survival, sniping, medical, small boat handling, driving, tracking, air operations. It is the only battalion of the Far North Queensland Regiment, and draws its lineage from an Australian Imperial Force (AIF) light infantry battalion, which was raised for service during World War I.
Revolution of 8 October 1812
The Revolution of 8 October 1812 (Spanish: Revolución del 8 de octubre de 1812) took place during the Argentine War of Independence. Led by José de San Martín and Carlos María de Alvear, it deposed the First Triumvirate and allowed the creation of the Second Triumvirate, which convened the Assembly of Year XIII.

First Triumvirate (Argentina)
The First Triumvirate (Spanish: Primer Triunvirato) was the executive body of government that replaced the Junta Grande in the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (modern-day Argentina). It started its functions on 23 September 1811, and was replaced on 8 October 1812.
The Rosales Saga
The Rosales Saga, also known as the Rosales Novels, is a series of five historical and political novels written by National Artist of the Philippines F. Sionil José.  Chronologically, it is composed of five interconnected novels, namely Po-on (written in 1984), Tree (written in 1978), My Brother, My Executioner (written in 1973), The Pretenders (written in 1962), and Mass (written in 1973).  The Rosales Saga traced the five generations of two families, namely the Samsons (poor farmers) and the Asperri (wealthy mestizos) through Spanish and American periods in the history of the Philippines until the period after Philippine Independence.  José begun writing the series in 1962 and completed it in 1984.

My Brother, My Executioner
My Brother, My Executioner is a novel by Filipino author Francisco Sionil José written in Philippine English.  A part of the Rosales Saga - a series of five interconnected fiction novels - My Brother, My Executioner ranks third in terms of chronology, after Po-on (original title: "Dusk") and Tree and before The Pretenders and Mass.  In the United States, My Brother, My Executioner was published as a second part of the book, Don Vicente, together with Tree, another novel which is also a part of José’s Rosales Saga.  Tree is the second novel of the historical saga, before My Brother, My Executioner.  This novel was first published in the Philippines in the early 1970s.
Mob Wives
Mob Wives is an American reality television series that premiered on VH1 on April 17, 2011. The show focuses on the lives of several women residing in the New York City borough of Staten Island, whose family members and husbands have been arrested and imprisoned for crimes that are connected to the Italian-American Mafia.

The success of the show has resulted in several spin-offs, including Mob Wives: The Sit Down, Mob Wives Chicago, Big Ang and Miami Monkey.

Mob Wives Chicago
Mob Wives Chicago is an American reality television series that premiered on VH1 on June 10, 2012. Developed as a spin-off of Mob Wives, with a new cast based in Chicago, Illinois.

On May 7, 2012, the introduction for the show was filmed behind Chicago's Cassidy Tire on Canal Street.

On April 29, 2012, the first promo for the show aired, during an episode of the original series. On May 27, 2012, a preview special of the series aired after the second season Mob Wives reunion special.

On October 14, 2012, cast member Pia Rizza tweeted that "#MobWivesChicago is over now I don't see the need to keep reliving the drama that killed the show time 2 move forward new chapter new time," confirming that Mob Wives Chicago had been canceled.
Supercopa de España de Waterpolo
Supercopa de España is the Spanish water polo's tournament.

It is played as a single match between the League's champion and the Copa del Rey's winner. If a same team wins League and Cup, the Supercopa is played between the League's champion and the Copa's runners-up.

Supercopa was established in 2001 and is usually contested in late September or early October.

División de Honor de Waterpolo
The Spanish water polo championship has been contested since 1912. The current league format was introduced in 1965. The top division is currently known as the División de Honor and consists of twelve clubs. The current champions (2024–25 season) are CN Atlètic-Barceloneta from Barcelona.