hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marguerite Clark
Helen Marguerite Clark (February 22, 1883 – September 25, 1940) was an American stage and silent film actress. As a movie actress, at one time Clark was second only to Mary Pickford in popularity.
With a few exceptions and some fragments, most of Clark's films are considered lost.

Snow White (1916 film)
Snow White is a 1916 American silent romantic fantasy film directed by J. Searle Dawley. Winthrop Ames adapted it from his own 1912 Broadway play Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which was in turn adapted from the 1812 fairy tale (as collected by the Brothers Grimm). The film stars Marguerite Clark and Creighton Hale, Clark reprising her stage role.

Having seen the film at the age of fifteen, Walt Disney was inspired to use the Brothers Grimm fairy tale as the subject of his first feature-length animated film in 1937.
National Commission for Backward Classes
The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) is a constitutional body under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. It was originally a statutory body established in 1993 through the National Commission for Backward Classes Act of 1993. In 2018, through the 102nd constitutional amendment, it was granted constitutional status under Article 338B of the Constitution of India.

The main work of the commission is to participate in and advise actively on the socio-economic development of the socially backward classes (OBCs) along with evaluating the progress of their development.

Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is a Government of India ministry. It is responsible for welfare, social justice and empowerment of disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society, including scheduled castes (SC), Other Backward Classes (OBC), LGBT people, the disabled, the elderly, and the victims of drug abuse. It also helps in the enforcement of legislation with regards to these marginalized groups to better enforce anti-discrimination policies.

The Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is Virendra Kumar, who is assisted by two ministers of state, Ramdas Athawale and B. L. Verma.
Southwell, Nottinghamshire
Southwell (/ˈsaʊθwəl, -wɛl/ SOWTH-wəl, -⁠wel, locally also /ˈsʌðəl/ SUDH-əl) is a minster and market town, and a civil parish, in the district of Newark and Sherwood, in Nottinghamshire, England. It is home to the grade-I listed Southwell Minster, the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham. The population of the town was recorded at 7,491 in the 2021 census.

Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham
The Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham is a Church of England diocese in the Province of York, headed by the Bishop of Southwell and Nottingham. It covers all the English county of Nottinghamshire and a few parishes in South Yorkshire. It is bordered by the dioceses of Derby, Leicester, Lincoln and Sheffield. The cathedral, Southwell Minster, is in the town of Southwell, 15 miles (24 km) north of Nottingham.
Shintoho
Shintoho Co. Ltd. (新東宝株式会社, Shintōhō kabushiki kaisha, or New Tōhō Company) was a Japanese movie studio. It was one of the big six film studios (which also included Daiei, Nikkatsu, Shochiku, Toei Company, and Toho) during the Golden Age of Japanese cinema. It was founded by defectors from the original Toho company following a bitter strike in 1947.

To compete with the other major studios in the horror/supernatural movie field, Shintoho turned out a large group of such films between 1957 and 1960, including a number of period ghost movies and low-budget science fiction films (such as the Starman (Super Giant) series which was designed to compete with rival then-popular characters Planet Prince, Space Chief and Moonlight Mask). Shintoho declared bankruptcy in 1961, its last production being Jigoku.

Jigoku (film)
Jigoku (地獄; Japanese: [d͡ʑiɡo̞kɯ̟]; "Hell"), also titled The Sinners of Hell, is a 1960 Japanese horror film directed by Nobuo Nakagawa and produced by Shintoho. The film stars Shigeru Amachi, Utako Mitsuya, and Yōichi Numata, and is notable for separating itself from other Japanese horror films of the era such as Kwaidan or Onibaba due to its graphic imagery of torment in Hell. It has gained a cult film status. Shintoho declared bankruptcy in 1961, its last production being Jigoku.
Zivildienst
Zivildienst is the German denomination for the alternative civilian service for conscripted persons who are conscientious objectors to fulfill their national service, typically in the fields of social work (e.g. hospitals, retirement homes, emergency medical services) and, although rarely, environmental protection, agriculture, and public administration. As such, it is exempt from the general ban of forced labor by the European Convention on Human Rights.

The word itself is German, translated verbatim to "Civilian Service", although "compulsory community service" is more contextually equivalent. However,  the official translation in German is "alternative civilian service" as the civilian branch of the national service systems in Austria and Switzerland. The drafted person to "Zivildienst" is "Zivildiener" in Austria and "Zivildienstleistender" in Switzerland, commonly called "Zivi" in both countries.

Alternative civilian service
Alternative civilian service, also called alternative services, civilian service, non-military service, and substitute service, is a form of national service performed in lieu of military conscription for various reasons, such as conscientious objection, inadequate health, or political reasons. Alternative service usually involves some kind of labor.
Minzu University of China
The Minzu University of China (MUC) is a national public university in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

Minzu University ranked first in China among universities for ethnic minority studies. It aims to be one of the best universities of its kind in the world for inheriting and promoting the excellent culture of all ethnic groups. With the strong support of Chinese government, it has developed rapidly over the years. MUC is one of the most prestigious universities in China in ethnology, anthropology, ethnic economies, regional economics, religion studies, history, dance, and fine arts.

Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.
Greensand Ridge
The Greensand Ridge, also known as the Wealden Greensand, is an extensive, prominent, often wooded, mixed greensand/sandstone escarpment in south-east England. Forming part of the Weald, a former dense forest in Sussex, Surrey and Kent, it runs to and from the East Sussex coast, wrapping around the High Weald and Low Weald. It reaches its highest elevation, 294 metres (965 ft), at Leith Hill in Surrey—the second highest point in south-east England, while another hill in its range, Blackdown, is the highest point in Sussex at 280 metres (919 ft). The eastern end of the ridge forms the northern boundary of Romney Marsh.

About 51 per cent of the Wealden Greensand is protected as the South Downs National Park, Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Leith Hill
Leith Hill in southern England is the highest summit of the Greensand Ridge, approximately 6.7 km (4 mi) southwest of Dorking, Surrey and 40.5 km (25 mi) southwest of central London. It reaches 294 m (965 ft) above sea level, and is the second highest point in southeast England, after Walbury Hill in southwest Berkshire, (which is 297 m (974 ft) high).  Leith Hill is the highest ground for 79 km (49 mi).

Four areas of woodland surrounding the hill comprise the 337.9-hectare (835-acre) Leith Hill Site of Special Scientific Interest, although the summit is excluded from this designation.

The nearest railway station is Holmwood station, 3.6 km (2 mi) to the east, served by Southern trains to London Victoria.
Ohio Penitentiary
The Ohio Penitentiary, also known as the Ohio State Penitentiary, was a prison operated from 1834 to 1984 in downtown Columbus, Ohio, in what is now known as the Arena District. The state had built a small prison in Columbus in 1813, but as the state's population grew the earlier facility was not able to handle the number of prisoners sent to it by the courts. When the penitentiary first opened in 1834, not all of the buildings were completed. The prison housed 5,235 prisoners at its peak in 1955. Prison conditions were described as "primitive" and the facility was eventually replaced by the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, a maximum security facility in Lucasville. During its operation, it housed several well-known inmates, including General John H. Morgan, George "Bugs" Moran, O. Henry, Chester Himes, and Sam Sheppard. A separate women's prison was built within its walls in 1837. The buildings were demolished in 1997.

Arena District
The Arena District is a mixed-use planned development and neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio. The site was developed through a partnership between Nationwide Realty Investors, Ltd. (a subsidiary of Nationwide), the City of Columbus and private investors. Interpretation of the boundaries of the district are evolving  as the neighboring blocks around the original 75-acre (300,000 m2) site have seen additional commercial and residential development. The Arena District is named for Nationwide Arena.
Blindness (2008 film)
Blindness is a 2008 English-language thriller film about a society that suffers an epidemic of blindness. The film is an adaptation of the 1995 novel of the same name by the Portuguese author José Saramago. The film was written by Don McKellar and directed by Fernando Meirelles, starring Julianne Moore as the doctor's wife and Mark Ruffalo as the doctor. Saramago originally refused to sell the rights for a film adaptation, but the producers were able to acquire it with the condition that the film would be set in an unnamed and unrecognizable city. Blindness premiered as the opening film at the Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 2008, and was released in Canada as part of the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2008.

2008 Cannes Film Festival
The 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival took place from 14 to 25 May 2008. American actor and filmmaker Sean Penn served as jury president for the main competition. French filmmaker Laurent Cantet won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film The Class.

The festival opened with Blindness by Fernando Meirelles and closed with What Just Happened by Barry Levinson. Édouard Baer was the master of ceremonies.

The British press reported the list of films in competition this year was notable for its absence of British films for the second successive year.
Gjemnes (village)
Gjemnes is a village in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the southern part of a small peninsula surrounded by the Kvernesfjorden to the north and the Batnfjorden to the south. The village sits along the European route E39 at the western end of the Gjemnessund Bridge (which is part of the network of bridges and tunnels that connect the town of Kristiansund to the mainland. The municipal centre of Batnfjordsøra lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest, at the end of the fjord.

Gjemnes Municipality is named after this village because that is where Gjemnes Church is located, and it is the main church for the municipality and parish.

Gjemnes Church
Gjemnes Church (Norwegian: Gjemnes kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gjemnes, along the Batnfjorden. It is the church for the Gjemnes parish which is part of the Indre Nordmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1893 by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 310 people.
Deborah Mailman
Deborah Jane Mailman AM (born 14 July 1972) is an Australian actress. Mailman is best known for her characters: MP Alexandra "Alex" Irving on the Australian political drama series Total Control, Kelly Lewis on the Australian drama series The Secret Life of Us, Cherie Butterfield in the Australian comedy-drama series Offspring, Lorraine in the Australian drama series Redfern Now, Poppy Birkbeck in the miniseries Boy Swallows Universe and Aunt Linda in the Australian dystopian science fiction series Cleverman.

Mailman was the first Indigenous Australian actress to win the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and has gone on to win seven more both in television and film. She first gained recognition in the 1998 film Radiance for which she won her first AFI award. Her other well known films are Rabbit-Proof Fence, Bran Nue Dae, Oddball, The Sapphires, Paper Planes, Blinky Bill the Movie, H Is for Happiness,  and The Book of Revelation.

Blinky Bill the Movie
Blinky Bill the Movie is a 2015 animated adventure comedy film based on the Blinky Bill character created by Dorothy Wall for a children's book series in 1933. The film was produced by Flying Bark Productions and partly distributed and co-produced by Assemblage Entertainment and Telegael.
Cotangent space
In differential geometry, the cotangent space is a vector space associated with a point  on a smooth (or differentiable) manifold ; one can define a cotangent space for every point on a smooth manifold. Typically, the cotangent space,  is defined as the dual space of the tangent space at , , although there are more direct definitions (see below). The elements of the cotangent space are called cotangent vectors or tangent covectors.

Tangent space
In mathematics, the tangent space of a manifold is a generalization of tangent lines to curves in two-dimensional space and tangent planes to surfaces in three-dimensional space in higher dimensions. In the context of physics, the tangent space to a manifold at a point can be viewed as the space of possible velocities for a particle moving on the manifold.
Leonardville, Namibia
Leonardville is a village in eastern Namibia, situated on the Nossob River in the south-western corner of the Omaheke Region. It belongs to the Aminuis electoral constituency. It had a population of 2,099 people in 2023.

Leonardville was the main settlement of the Khaiǁkhaun (Khauas Nama) subtribe of the Oorlam people until their military defeat against Imperial Germany's Schutztruppe soldiers in 1894 and 1896.

Oorlam people
The Oorlam or Orlam people (also known as Orlaam, Oorlammers, Oerlams, or Orlamse Hottentots) are a subtribe of the Nama people, largely assimilated after their migration from the Cape Colony (today, part of South Africa) to Namaqualand and Damaraland (now in Namibia).

Oorlam clans were originally formed from mixed-race descendants of indigenous Khoikhoi, Europeans and slaves from Mozambique, Madagascar, India and Indonesia. 
Similar to the other Afrikaans-speaking group at the time, the Trekboers, Oorlam originally populated the frontiers of the infant Cape Colony, later living as semi-nomadic commandos of mounted gunmen. Also, like the Boers, they migrated inland from the Cape, and established several states in what are now South Africa and Namibia. The Oorlam migration in South Africa also produced the related Griqua people.
Pleasant Hill/Contra Costa Centre station
Pleasant Hill/Contra Costa Centre station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station serving the Contra Costa Centre Transit Village in Contra Costa Centre, California, just north of Walnut Creek and just east of Pleasant Hill. It is served by the Yellow Line.

Contra Costa Centre, California
Contra Costa Centre is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Contra Costa County, California. Contra Costa Centre sits at an elevation of 92 feet (28 m). The 2010 United States census reported Contra Costa Centre's population was 5,364, while the 2020 census figure was 6,808. Contra Costa Centre is served by the Pleasant Hill / Contra Costa Centre BART station.

It is the successor to the Waldon CDP of the 2000 census.
Gloria Union
Gloria Union: Twin Fates in Blue Ocean is a tactical role-playing game for the PlayStation Portable, developed by Sting Entertainment and published by Atlus. It is a spinoff to Yggdra Union, and including Yggdra Unison and Blaze Union is the fourth installment in the Union subseries to Dept. Heaven. It was unveiled in Famitsu magazine in late March 2011 and released in June. A remastered version for mobile platforms and the Nintendo Switch was released in March 2021 in Japan.

Dept. Heaven
Dept. Heaven is a series of video games developed by Sting, headed by Shinichi Ito. Four main entries were released across the 2000s and early 2010s - Riviera: The Promised Land (2002), Yggdra Union (2006), Knights in the Nightmare (2008) and Gungnir (2011). While a fifth entry was briefly teased in 2008, only spinoffs and remasters have released moving into the 2020s.
RL circuit
A resistor–inductor circuit (RL circuit), or RL filter or RL network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and inductors driven by a voltage or current source. A first-order RL circuit is composed of one resistor and one inductor, either in series driven by a voltage source or in parallel driven by a current source. It is one of the simplest analogue infinite impulse response electronic filters.

Electronic filter
Electronic filters are a type of signal processing filter in the form of electrical circuits.  This article covers those filters consisting of lumped electronic components, as opposed to distributed-element filters.  That is, using components and interconnections that, in analysis, can be considered to exist at a single point.  These components can be in discrete packages or part of an integrated circuit.

Electronic filters remove unwanted frequency components from the applied signal, enhance wanted ones, or both. They can be:

passive or active

analog or digital

high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop (band-rejection; notch), or all-pass.

discrete-time (sampled) or continuous-time

linear or non-linear

infinite impulse response (IIR type) or finite impulse response (FIR type)

The most common types of electronic filters are linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design. See the article on linear filters for details on their design and analysis.
Mangrove pitta
The mangrove pitta (Pitta megarhyncha) is a species of passerine bird in the family Pittidae native to the eastern Indian subcontinent and western Southeast Asia. It is part of a superspecies where it is placed with the Indian pitta, the fairy pitta and the blue-winged pitta but has no recognized subspecies. A colourful bird, it has a black head with brown crown, white throat, greenish upper parts, buff underparts and reddish vent area. Its range extends from India to Malaysia and Indonesia. It is found in mangrove and nipa palm forests where it feeds on crustaceans, mollusks and insects. Its call, sometimes rendered as wieuw-wieuw, is sung from a high perch on a mangrove tree.

Indian pitta
The Indian pitta (Pitta brachyura) is a passerine bird native to the Indian subcontinent. It inhabits scrub jungle, deciduous and dense evergreen forest. It breeds in the forests of the Himalayas, hills of central and western India, and migrates to other parts of the peninsula in winter. Although very colourful, it is usually shy and hidden in the undergrowth where it picks insects on the forest floor. It has a distinctive two note whistling call which is heard at dawn and dusk. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List as the population is considered large.
Builth Road railway station
Builth Road railway station is a station primarily serving the town of Builth Wells, in mid Wales. It is on the Heart of Wales Line. The station is over 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Builth Wells via the A470, a busy trunk road.

The hamlet of Builth Road has developed around the station.

Builth Wells
Builth Wells (/ˈbɪlθ ˈwɛlz/; Welsh: Llanfair-ym-Muallt ⓘ) is a market town and community in the county Powys and historic county Brecknockshire (Breconshire), mid-Wales, lying at the confluence of rivers Wye and Irfon in the Welsh (or upper) part of the Wye Valley. In 2011 it had a population of 2,568.
The Age of Innocence (1924 film)
The Age of Innocence is a 1924 American silent film directed by Wesley Ruggles. It is the first film adaptation of Edith Wharton's 1920 novel The Age of Innocence. It was produced and distributed by Warner Brothers.

The Age of Innocence
The Age of Innocence is a novel by American author Edith Wharton, published on 25 October 1920. It was her eighth novel, and was initially serialized in 1920 in four parts, in the magazine Pictorial Review. Later that year, it was released as a book by D. Appleton & Company. It won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, making Wharton the first woman to win the prize. Though the committee had initially agreed to give the award to Sinclair Lewis for Main Street, the judges, in rejecting his book on political grounds, "established Wharton as the American 'First Lady of Letters'". The story is set in the 1870s, in upper-class, "Gilded Age" New York City. Wharton wrote the book in her 50s, after she was already established as a major author in high demand by publishers.
DR Byen
DR Byen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈte̝ˀˌɛɐ̯ ˈpyˀən]; lit. 'the DR city') is the headquarters of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation, DR, located in Copenhagen, Denmark, in the northwestern part of Amager. The first employees moved into DR Byen in 2006 and 2007, but the entire building, including the Koncerthuset Concert Hall, was not completed until 2010.

The construction industry's enormous budget overruns have been widely discussed, and were also one of the main reasons of former CEO Kenneth Plummer's announcement on March 13, 2007, that 521 positions would be cut, and that 300 employees would be dismissed. DR Byen replaced Radiohuset in Frederiksberg and TV-Byen in Søborg.

Radiohuset
Radiohuset (literally "The Radio House") is the former headquarters of national Danish broadcaster DR, located on Rosenørns Allé in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen. The building complex was inaugurated in 1945 to a Functionalist design by Vilhelm Lauritzen and later expanded in 1958 and 1972. Vacated by DR when DR Byen was inaugurated in 2006, the buildings now house the Royal Danish Academy of Music as well as the Museum of Music. The complex also contains a concert hall. The building was listed in 1994.
Banca Carime
Banca Carime S.p.A. was an Italian bank based in Cosenza, Calabria. The bank was a subsidiary of UBI Banca. As of 31 December 2015, the bank had 216 branches (all located in Southern Italy), serving Calabria (84 branches), Apulia (93 branches), Campania (where Salerno is located; 20 branches) and Basilicata (19 branches).

In 1999, the bank had 341 branches: 146 in Calabria, 45 in Basilicata, 122 in Apulia, 27 in Campania and 1 in Molise.

UBI Banca
Unione di Banche Italiane S.p.A., commonly known for its trading name UBI Banca, was an Italian banking group, the fifth largest in Italy by number of branches. It was formed on 1 April 2007 from the merger of the Banche Popolari Unite (trading as BPU Banca) and Banca Lombarda e Piemontese banking groups.

UBI Banca shares were listed on the Borsa Italiana and included in the FTSE MIB (the blue chip index) until it was taken over by its larger Italian rival Intesa Sanpaolo in September 2020.