hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Interstate 69W
Interstate 69W (I-69W) is a relatively short north–south Interstate Highway running through South Texas in the United States. The freeway begins northeast of the middle of the World Trade International Bridge in Laredo and ends just east of I-35. In the future, I-69W will head northeast for 180 miles (290 km) before terminating near Victoria as both I-69E and I-69W merge to form I-69. For its entire length, I-69W runs concurrently with U.S. Highway 59 (US 59).

Interstate 69C
Interstate 69C (I-69C) is a north–south Interstate Highway running through South Texas. Once complete, the freeway (with connections to both Federal Highway 40 and Federal Highway 97) will begin at I-2/U.S. Highway 83 (US 83) in Pharr and head northward before terminating at I-69W/US 59 in George West near I-37. For its entire length, I-69C is concurrent with US 281. As of 2023, only an 18-mile (29 km) segment has been completed from the route's southern terminus in Pharr.
Learning object metadata
Learning Object Metadata is a data model, usually encoded in XML, used to describe a learning object and similar digital resources used to support learning. The purpose of learning object metadata is to support the reusability of learning objects, to aid discoverability, and to facilitate their interoperability, usually in the context of online learning management systems (LMS).

The IEEE 1484.12.1-2020 – Standard for Learning Object Metadata is the latest revision of an internationally recognised open standard (published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association, New York) under the LTSC sponsorship for the description of “learning objects". Relevant attributes of learning objects to be described include: type of object; author; owner; terms of distribution; format; and pedagogical attributes, such as teaching or interaction style.

IMS VDEX
IMS Vocabulary Definition Exchange (IMS VDEX) is a mark-up language or grammar for controlled vocabularies developed by IMS Global as an open specification, with the Final Specification being approved in February 2004.

IMS VDEX allows the exchange and expression of simple machine-readable lists of human language terms, along with information that may assist a human in understanding the meaning of the various terms, i.e. a flat list of values, a hierarchical tree of values, a thesaurus, a taxonomy, a glossary or a dictionary.

Structural a vocabulary has an identifier, title and a list of terms. Each term has a unique key, titles and (optional) descriptions. A term may have nested terms, thus a hierarchical structure can be created. It is possible to define relationships between terms and add custom metadata to terms.

IMS VDEX support multilinguality. All values supposed to be read by a human, i.e. titles, can be defined in one or more languages.
Hybotidae
Hybotidae, the typical dance flies, are a family of true flies. They belong to the superfamily Empidoidea and were formerly included in the Empididae as a subfamily.

Some, such as Tachydromia, are predators that run around on the bark of trees in complex patterns, hence the common name. Tachydromia species are only about three millimeters long.

Tachydromia
Tachydromia is a genus of hybotid flies. It is widespread around the world, with species found essentially  everywhere except the polar regions and some remote islands. They are not very diverse in East and Southeast Asia, or in Africa
Government of Florida
The government of Florida is established and operated according to the Constitution of Florida and is composed of three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the governor of Florida and the other elected and appointed constitutional officers; the legislative branch, the Florida Legislature, consisting of the Senate and House; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of Florida and lower courts.  The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, and ratification.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Uche Ekwunife
Uche Lilian Ekwunife// ⓘ (née Ogudebe born 12 January 1970) is a Nigerian politician who was recently a Senator representing the people of Anambra Central Senatorial District of Anambra State. She is known as one of the most active female senators in the House.

Anambra Central senatorial district
Anambra Central senatorial district in Anambra State is one of the three Senatorial Districts in the State. It has seven local government areas. They are Awka North, Awka South, Njikoka, Anaocha, Idemili North, Idemili South and Dunukofia. There are 1,556 polling units (Pus) and 109 registration areas (RAs) as of 2019. INEC office in Amawbia,  Awka South LGA is the collation centre. This Senatorial District covers the Anambra State Capital, Awka, and its environs. It also has prominent and notable people.
Chepino dialect
The Chepino dialect is a Bulgarian dialect of the Rhodopean group of the Rup dialects. Its range includes the northwestern Rhodopes, i.e. the towns of Velingrad, Rakitovo and Kostandovo and the villages of Dragichevo and Dorkovo. Its immediate neighbours are the Central Balkan dialect and the Ihtiman dialect to the north, the Babyak dialect to the west and south and the Hvoyna dialect to the east. The Chepino dialect is spoken by both Orthodox and Muslim Bulgarians in the region irrespective of religious affiliation.

Rup dialects
The Rup dialects (Bulgarian: Рупски говори, romanized: Rupski govori), or the Southeastern dialects, are a group of Bulgarian dialects located east of the yat boundary, thus being part of the Eastern dialect. The range of the Rup dialects includes the southern part of Bulgaria, i.e. Strandzha, the region of Haskovo, the Rhodopes and the eastern half of Pirin Macedonia.
Stanisław Jankowski "Agaton" Memorial
The Stanisław Jankowski "Agaton" Memorial (Polish: Pomnik Stanisława Jankowskiego „Agatona”) is a sculpture in Warsaw, Poland, at the intersection of Karowa and Browarna Streets, within the neighbourhood of Powiśle, in the Downtown district, next to the Casimir Park. It is dedicated to Stanisław Jankowski, code name: Agaton, a member of the Polish resistance during the Second World War, and an architect thereafter, who played a prominent role in the post-war reconstruction of Warsaw. The sculpture has a form of a relief depicting him in a 3-metre-tall granite block. It was designed by Antoni Janusz Pastwa, and unveiled on 2 August 2020.

Casimir Park
The Casimir Park (Polish: Park Kazimierzowski) in an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Downtown, between the University of Warsaw, Visitationist Church, Karowa Street, Stanisław Markiewicz Viaduct, Browarna Street, and Dynasy Street.
Becker's sign
Becker's sign, or Becker's phenomenon, is the presence of visible (through an ophthalmoscope) pulsation of retinal arteries, found in patients with aortic insufficiency or Graves' disease.

The sign was named after Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker.

Aortic regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Khamba Thoibi Jagoi
Khamba Thoibi dance (Meitei: ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯖꯒꯣꯢ, romanized: Khamba Thoibi jagoi), also known as Khamba Thoibi classical dance or Khamba Thoibi ballet, is a traditional Meitei dance performance that tells the tale of princess Thoibi and her lover Khamba, and is dedicated to the god Thangching, the national deity of the medieval kingdom Keke  Moirang. It is one of the elements that insprired the development of the Manipuri Raas Leela, a later form of Indian classical dance drama.

The dance is popularly believed to be first performed by Khuman Khamba and Moirang Thoibi, in the presence of Thangjing.

Thoibi
Moirang Thoibi (Old Manipuri: Moilang Thoipi) or Ewanglon Thoibi (Old Manipuri: Ewanglon Thoipi) is the main character of the Khamba Thoibi story from ancient Moirang Kangleirol legends. She is a princess of the Ancient Moirang kingdom. She is not the king's daughter. Rather, she is the daughter of the King's younger brother Chingkhu Akhuba and therefore the fraternal niece of King Chingkhu Telheiba of Moirang. Khuman Khamba, a poor orphan prince, fell in love with Thoibi.

The word "Thoibi" means "perfection" or "completion of beauty and accomplishments."
Charlotte Harland Scott
Charlotte Harland Scott (born 13 November 1963) is a British-born Zambian economic and social development specialist who served as the First Lady of Zambia from October 2014 to January 2015 during the tenure of her husband, interim President Guy Scott. She had previously served as the Chief of Social Policy and Economic Analysis, Planning Monitoring and Evaluation for UNICEF Zambia from 2007 until 2012. In 2016, Scott contested the Lusaka Central seat in the National Assembly during the general election.

Guy Scott
Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician, who served as acting president of Zambia from 2014 to 2015, and was the 12th vice president from 2011 to 2014. Scott became acting president upon Michael Sata's death in office on 28 October 2014. This made him the first head of state of European descent in mainland Africa since F. W. de Klerk in 1989.
Pilot (The Americans)
"Pilot" is the first episode of the first season of the period drama television series The Americans. It originally aired on FX in the United States on January 30, 2013. The episode was written by series creator Joe Weisberg and directed by Gavin O'Connor.

In 1981, shortly after the inauguration of President Ronald Reagan, Philip and Elizabeth Jennings (Matthew Rhys and Keri Russell) are undercover Soviet intelligence agents from the secretive Directorate S of the KGB sent to the U.S. 15 years ago to work deep cover in Washington, D.C. Their assumed identities are a married couple who run a travel agency, and even their own children Paige (Holly Taylor) and Henry (Keidrich Sellati) do not know their secret.

Reviews for the episode were largely positive. Critics commented on the lead performances of Russell, Rhys, and Noah Emmerich. In the United States, the series premiere achieved a viewership of 3.22 million.

Philip Jennings (The Americans)
Philip Jennings (real name Mikhail (called Mischa); Russian: Михаил/Миша) is a fictional character in the American television drama series The Americans on FX, and the male lead.  He was created by series creator Joe Weisberg and is portrayed by Welsh actor Matthew Rhys.  Philip is a KGB agent and, along with Elizabeth (Keri Russell), poses as an American citizen, working as a travel agent in Washington, D.C.
Duke Crittenden
Earl M. "Duke" Crittenden (August 30, 1930 – August 31, 2009) was an American citrus magnate and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as chair of the Republican Party of Florida from 1969 to 1971 and as a member of the Florida Citrus Commission. He also served on the Florida Citrus Mutual board of directors.

Republican Party of Florida
The Republican Party of Florida (RPOF), also called the Florida Republican Party, is the affiliate of the Republican Party in the U.S. state of Florida.   It is currently the state's dominant party, controlling 20 out of 28 of Florida's United States House of Representatives seats, both United States Senate seats, the Governor of Florida and all other statewide offices, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

The Republican Party held power in state politics during the Reconstruction era after the American Civil War and included African American legislators and officials. Democrats regained power in Florida and across the South until the 1960s.
John D'earth
John D'earth (born March 30, 1950) is an American post-bop/hard bop jazz trumpeter born in Framingham, Massachusetts, who has appeared on recordings by Dave Matthews and Bruce Hornsby as well as recording a number of CDs on his own. He currently resides in Charlottesville, Virginia.

Robert Jospé
Robert Jospé (born April 17, 1950, in Manhattan, New York) is an American jazz drummer based in Charlottesville, Virginia. His parents were Belgian and had a love of music they passed on to him. Jospé is the band leader and drummer with the band Inner Rhythm, which received positive reviews in the Washington Post.
Landi Kotal
landi kottal (Pashto: لنډي کوتل, Urdu: لنڈی کوتل) or Lwargai (Pashto: لواړګی Lwāṛgai) is a town in the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, and the administrative capital of Khyber District. It was one of the largest towns in the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and is located 1,072 metres (3,517 ft) above sea level, on the route across the mountains to the city of Peshawar. Landi Kotal is at the western edge of the Khyber Pass that marks the entrance to the Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan, which is located just 5 kilometres (3 mi) to the west.

Landi Kotal is a tourist destination. It was the terminus railway station of Khyber Pass Railway. A tourist train, the Khyber train safari was run on this railway. However, the train closed down in 2006 after floods washed away the railway track and bridges.

Landi Kotal is the main shopping centre for the Shalmani, Shinwari, Afridi, and Mulagori tribes of Khyber Agency.

Khyber train safari
The Khyber train safari (Urdu: خیبر بخار سفاری, Pashto: د خیبر تپ صفري) is a defunct tourist train that was operated between Peshawar and Landi Kotal by Tourism Corporation of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Pakistan Railways. The trip took approximately 1 hour and 26 minutes to cover a published distance of 69 kilometres (43 mi), traveling along an entire stretch of the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line. It was the only passenger line in Pakistan still operating steam engines.
Zveno project
Zveno (Russian: Звено, lit. 'Flight') was a composite aircraft developed in the Soviet Union during the 1930s. It was the brainchild of the aviation engineer Vladimir Vakhmistrov. It consisted of a Tupolev TB-1 or a Tupolev TB-3 heavy bomber mothership and two to five parasite fighters. Depending on the variant, the fighters either launched with the mothership or docked in flight, and they could refuel from the bomber. The definitive Zveno-SPB using a TB-3 and two Polikarpov I-16s, each armed with two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs, was used operationally as a strategic weapon system with good results against targets in the Kingdom of Romania during the opening stages of the Eastern Front campaign in World War II. The same squadron later carried out an attack against a bridge on the Dnieper River that had been captured by German forces.

Tupolev TB-3
The Tupolev TB-3, OKB designation ANT-6, was a monoplane heavy bomber deployed by the Soviet Air Force in the 1930s and used during the early years of World War II. It was one of the world's first cantilever wing four-engine heavy bombers. Despite obsolescence and being officially withdrawn from service in 1939, the TB-3 performed bomber and transport duties throughout much of World War II. The TB-3 also saw combat as a Zveno project fighter mothership and as a light tank transport.
Bob McNea
Robert J. McNea (1929 – November 5, 2005) was a Canadian entertainer, born in St. Thomas, Ontario, who was most famous playing a version of Bozo the Clown in the Detroit, Michigan version of the television franchise, and performed as his own character, Oopsy the Clown, in Detroit afterward and on the Canadian CTV television network

Bozo the Clown
Bozo the Clown, also known as "The World's Most Famous Clown", is a clown character created for children's entertainment, widely popular in the second half of the 20th century. He was introduced in the United States in 1946, and to television in 1949, later appearing in franchised television programs of which he was the host, where he was portrayed by numerous local performers.
Toyota TF101
The Toyota TF101 was a Formula One car used solely for testing purposes during the 2001 season, in preparation for the team's full-scale assault on the series in 2002. The car was designed by Toyota F1's chief of chassis Jean-Claude Martens and was driven by Mika Salo and Allan McNish. The TF101 was unofficially called the "AM01" by Toyota until the name of its successor, the TF102 was announced.

This was the first Formula One car to run on Esso fuel since the 1960s.

Toyota TF102
The Toyota TF102 was the car with which the Toyota team competed in the 2002 Formula One season, the team's inaugural Championship campaign. The car reflected the results of a year's testing in 2001 with the TF101, and was designed primarily by Dago Rohrer, Gustav Brunner and René Hilhorst. The engine was designed by Luca Marmorini.  As with the TF101, it was piloted during the season by Mika Salo and Allan McNish.
Elstree
Elstree /ˈɛlztri/ is a large village in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire, England. It is about 11.5 miles (18.5 kilometres) northwest of central London on the former A5 road, which follows the course of Watling Street. In 2011, its population was 5,110. It forms part of the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamwood, originally known simply as Elstree.

The village often lends its shorter name to businesses and amenities in the adjacent town of Borehamwood, and the names of Elstree and Borehamwood are used interchangeably. Elstree is perhaps best known for multiple Elstree Film Studio complexes, where many films were made, including BBC Elstree Centre, where the TV soap opera EastEnders is shot. This production centre is actually in Borehamwood.

The local newspaper is the Borehamwood and Elstree Times. Together with Borehamwood, the village is twinned with Offenburg in Germany, Fontenay-aux-Roses in France, and Huainan in China.

A5 road (Great Britain)
The A5 is a major road in England and Wales. It runs for about 243 miles (391 km) from London to the Irish Sea at the ferry port of Holyhead. In many parts the route follows that of the Roman Iter II route which later took the Anglo-Saxon name Watling Street. It forms most of the London–Holyhead trunk road.
Jeeva (1995 film)
Jeeva (Urdu: جیوا) is a 1995 Urdu Pakistani film directed by Syed Noor. The film introduced Babar Ali and Resham into Lollywood. Nadeem played the title role alongside Resham and Babar Ali. Playback singer Anwar Rafi is in this film. Folk singer Shaukat Ali sang a duet with  Noor Jehan. Jeeva was a Platinum Jubilee movie. The music was by M. Arshad.

Babar Ali
Babar Ali (Urdu: بابر علی; born 30 June 1972) is a Pakistani film and television actor. He started his career in the late 1980s at the age of 16.

Babar Ali is known for playing ‘Bali’ in the drama serial Landa Bazaar (2002-2003) written by Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar. and Biyanam  in Main Manto Nahi Hoon (2025)
You Are the Only One (Sergey Lazarev song)
"You Are the Only One" is a song recorded by Russian singer Sergey Lazarev with music composed by Philipp Kirkorov and Dimitris Kontopoulos and English lyrics written by John Ballard and Ralph Charlie. It represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 held in Stockholm. The song was released as a digital download on 5 March 2016. On 28 July 2016, Lazarev released a Russian version of the song, entitled "Pust' ves' mir podozhdyot" (Russian: Пусть весь мир подождёт, "Let The Whole World Wait").

Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Russia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 23 times from its debut in 1994 to 2021. Russia won the 2008 contest with Dima Bilan performing the song "Believe". In 2018, the country failed to qualify for the final for the first and only time in its history. The Russian entry was chosen through both internal selections and a televised national final titled Evrovidenie.

Following their exclusion from the 2022 contest due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 26 February 2022, the Russian broadcasters RTR and Channel One announced that they would suspend their membership in the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The EBU made effective the suspension on 26 May 2022, preventing Russia from participating in further Eurovision events unless its membership is resumed.
Edward John Carnell
Edward John Carnell (28 June 1919 – 25 April 1967) was a prominent Christian theologian and apologist, was an ordained Baptist pastor, and served as President of Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. He was the author of nine major books, several of which attempted to develop a fresh outlook in Christian apologetics. He also wrote essays that were published in several other books, and was a contributor of articles to periodicals such as The Christian Century and Christianity Today.

Apologetics
Apologetics (from Ancient Greek  ἀπολογία (apología) 'speech in defense') is the religious discipline of  defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders were called Christian apologists. In 21st-century usage, apologetics is often identified with debates over religion and theology.
Paracanoeing at the Summer Paralympics
Paracanoe debuted at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. A meeting of the International Paralympic Committee in Guangzhou, China in 2010 decided to add paracanoe to the roster of the Summer Paralympic Games.

Paracanoe is a variant of canoeing for athletes with a variety of physical disabilities. The sport is governed by the International Canoe Federation (ICF).

Paracanoe
Paracanoe is canoeing for athletes with a range of physical disabilities. The Paralympic version of the sport is governed by the International Canoe Federation (ICF), and a va'a-specific variant is governed by the International Va'a Federation (IVF).

A meeting of the International Paralympic Committee in Guangzhou, China in 2010 decided to add paracanoe to the Paralympic programme. As a result, paracanoe debuted at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympics where single kayak races were contested.
Karl Binding
Karl Ludwig Lorenz Binding (4 June 1841 – 7 April 1920) was a German jurist known as a promoter of the theory of retributive justice. His influential book, Die Freigabe der Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens ("Allowing the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Living"), written together with the psychiatrist Alfred Hoche, was used by the Nazis to justify their Aktion T4 euthanasia program.

Alfred Hoche
Alfred Erich Hoche (German pronunciation: [ˈalfʁeːt ˈʔeːʁɪç ˈhɔxə]; 1 August 1865 – 16 May 1943) was a German psychiatrist known for his writings about eugenics and euthanasia and his later recanting thereof.
Cotton Board (United Kingdom)
The Cotton Board was an organisation to oversee the organisation, research, marketing and promoting the cotton textile industry mainly based in Lancashire and Glasgow. It existed from 1940, and as a statutory Industrial Development Board from 1948 to 1972, known in its last years as the Textile Council.

Industrial Organisation and Development Act 1947
The Industrial Organisation and Development Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 40) enabled the creation of industrial development boards with powers to raise levies from specific industrial sectors in the United Kingdom for co-ordinated action, particularly in research, marketing and industrial re-organisation. These boards were to report to the Board of Trade and have equal representation from trades unions and employers alongside independent experts.