hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Ross Bradfield
John Ross Bradfield CC (5 April 1899 – 29 October 1983) was a Canadian businessman who was involved in the development of the Canadian mining industry as president and CEO of Noranda.

Born in Morrisburg, Ontario, he graduated from McGill University in 1922 with a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering. He was a field engineer on the construction of Yankee Stadium. He joined Noranda Mines in 1922. In 1927 he became a construction superintendent. Rising in the ranks of the company he became, in 1956, president and chief executive officer and chairman of the board and chief executive officer in 1962. He resigned as CEO in 1968 but remained as chairman of the board until 1974.

In 1973 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada "for his many contributions to the development of the mining industry and to the growth of the Canadian business community". He is also an inductee of the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame.

Noranda Mines
Noranda Mines, Limited, and from 1984 onwards Noranda Inc., was a Canadian mining company that existed from 1922 to 2005. It was listed on the TSX under the symbol NRD.LV. After eventually acquiring a large interest in rival mining company Falconbridge, it merged with that company in 2005. The combined company continued under the name Falconbridge Limited, ending the Noranda name. Only one year later in 2006 Falconbridge was acquired by the Swiss-based mining company Xstrata. On 2 May 2013 ownership of Xstrata was fully acquired by mining behemoth Glencore.
Ministry of Defence (Albania)
The Ministry of Defence (Albanian: Ministria e Mbrojtjes) is a department of the Albanian Government, in charge of the formation and implementation of national security and ordering, coordinating and carrying out the general guidelines of the Cabinet about the defence policy, and is the headquarters of the Military of Albania. It is Albania's ministry of defence.

The Defence Minister of Albania is the nominal head of all the military, serving under the President of Albania, who is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Albania. The defence minister exercises the administrative and operational authority over the military. The armed forces under the Ministry of Defence are primarily responsible for ensuring the territorial integrity of the nation.

Albanian Armed Forces
The Albanian Armed Forces (Albanian: Forcat e Armatosura të Republikës së Shqipërisë (FARSH)) are the military of Albania and were formed after the declaration of independence in 1912. Today, it consists of the General Staff, the Albanian Land Force, Albanian Air Force and the Albanian Naval Force.

The President of Albania is the Commander-in-Chief of the nation's military. In times of peace, the President's powers as Commander-in-Chief are executed through the Prime Minister and the Defence Minister.
Appenzeller Sennenhund
The Appenzeller Sennenhund is a Swiss breed of medium-sized working dog. It originates in the Appenzell region of north-eastern Switzerland, and is one of four regional breeds of Sennenhund or Swiss mountain dog, all of which are characterised by a distinctive tricolour coat.

Appenzell
Appenzell (German pronunciation: [ˈapn̩ˌtsɛl] ⓘ) was a canton in the northeast of Switzerland, and entirely surrounded by the canton of St. Gallen, in existence from 1403 to 1597.

Appenzell became independent of the Abbey of Saint Gall in 1403 and entered a league with the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1411, becoming a full member in 1513. It was divided into Appenzell Innerrhoden and Appenzell Ausserrhoden in 1597 (in a process called the Landteilung) as a result of the Swiss Reformation.

The territory of Appenzell as a geographical entity is known as Appenzellerland. In political contexts, the two cantons (until 1999 half-cantons) are referred to as beide Appenzell ('both Appenzells').
5 cm KwK 38
The 5 cm KwK 38 L/42 (5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 38 L/42) was a German 50 mm 42 calibre cannon used as the main armament of variants of the German Panzer III medium tank during the Second World War. The towed anti-tank gun equivalent was the PaK.37 of which 2,600 were produced from 1937 until 1940.

5 cm KwK 39
The 5 cm KwK 39 L/60 (5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 39 L/60) was a German 50 mm calibre tank gun used during the Second World War, primarily as the main armament of later models of the German Panzer III tank from December 1941 onwards. It was produced when the well-armoured T-34 and KV-1 tanks were encountered in ever increasing numbers on the Eastern Front, although it was only partially successful in its role. It was later superseded by the 7.5 cm KwK 40 L/43.

It was also mounted on the Sd.Kfz. 234/2 heavy armoured car, and adapted for mounting in the Me 410 aircraft.
Zoia Duriagina
Zoia Antonivna Duriagina (Ukrainian: Зоя Антонівна Дурягіна; born 8 June 1950 in Lviv) is a Ukrainian scientist, materials engineer, doctor of sciences, professor, full member of the Academy of Sciences of Higher Education of Ukraine, a member of Shevchenko Scientific Society, and the head of the Department of Applied Materials Science and Materials Processing at the Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Transport, which is part of Lviv Polytechnic National University.

She has an entry in the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine.

Lviv Polytechnic
The Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukrainian: Національний університет «Львівська політехніка») is a public university in Lviv, Ukraine, founded in 1816. According to the Times Higher Education, as of 2024, it ranks first as a technical institution of higher education and second among all institutions of higher education after Sumy State University in Ukraine. Lviv Polytechnic is also the largest educational institution in Ukraine by the number of students and one of the largest by the number of faculties and departments.

Lviv Polytechnic National University is one of the top public universities in Lviv, Ukraine. It is ranked #1001-1200 in QS World University Rankings 2026.
Golden Fox
The Golden Fox (Slovene: Zlata lisica) was a FIS Alpine Ski World Cup competition for women, which took place annually in Slovenia. The competition was founded in 1964 by Dušan Senčar, Marjan Kožuh and Franci Čop.

Since its first edition, most of the races have taken place in Maribor at the Pohorje Ski Resort, however, in the 2020s, the event was moved to Kranjska Gora due to a lack of snow in Maribor. After the 60th edition in 2024, the competition ceased to exist.

Maribor
Maribor (UK: /ˈmærɪbɔːr/ MARR-ib-or, US: /ˈmɑːr-/ MAR-, Slovene: [ˈmáːɾibɔɾ] ⓘ; also known by other historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is the seat of the Urban Municipality of Maribor and the Drava Statistical Region. Maribor is also the economic, administrative, educational, and cultural centre of eastern Slovenia.

Maribor was first mentioned as a castle in 1164, as a settlement in 1209, and as a city in 1254. Like most Slovene ethnic territory, Maribor was under Habsburg rule until 1918, when Rudolf Maister and his men secured the city for the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which then joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1991 Maribor became part of independent Slovenia.

Maribor, along with the Portuguese city of Guimarães, was selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2012.
Akemi Takada
Akemi Takada (高田明美, Takada Akemi; born March 31, 1955) is a Japanese manga artist and anime character designer born in Tokyo, Japan. Her character-design work is one of the more recognizable styles of the 1980s, when she worked on series like Creamy Mami and Kimagure Orange Road. She is also noted for her long collaboration with director Mamoru Oshii. She graduated from Tama Art University, after which she worked for Tatsunoko Pro. She is currently a freelance manga artist with her own studio, though she is also a member of the creative group Headgear. She also has her own designer jewelry store called Diakosmos.

Takada began working for Tatsunoko productions after visiting the production office as a fan during the broadcast of Gatchaman.

Patlabor
Mobile Police Patlabor (Japanese: 機動警察パトレイバー, Hepburn: Kidō Keisatsu Patoreibā), also known as Patlabor (a portmanteau of "patrol" and "labor"), is a Japanese science fiction media franchise created by Headgear, a group consisting of manga artist Masami Yūki, director Mamoru Oshii, screenwriter Kazunori Itō, mecha designer Yutaka Izubuchi, and character designer Akemi Takada.

The popular franchise includes a manga, a TV series, two OVA series, three feature-length movies, two light novel series, and a short film compilation, named Minipato (ミニパト) because of its super deformed (chibi) drawing style. The series has been adapted into video games and licensed products from OST to toys. Patlabor is known for using mecha – designed by Yutaka Izubuchi – not just for police or military purposes, but also for industrial and municipal jobs.
Equitable Stroke Control
Equitable Stroke Control (ESC) was a component of some golf handicapping systems that were in use prior to the implementation of the World Handicap System in 2020. It was used to adjust recorded scores in order to more accurately calculate a player's handicap. Its purpose was to avoid one or more very high scores on individual holes inflating the handicap calculation.

Equitable stroke control was a sliding scale system, based on the course (or playing) handicap of the golfer.

Handicap (golf)
A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's ability, or potential ability, that is used to enable players of different abilities to compete against one another. Better players are those with the lowest handicaps.

Historically, rules relating to handicaps have varied from country to country with many different systems in force around the world. Because of incompatibilities and difficulties in translating between systems, the sport's governing bodies, the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new World Handicap System (WHS) which began to be introduced globally in 2020.
Jessica Lundy
Jessica R. Lundy (born March 20, 1966) is an American actress. She began her career appearing in films Bright Lights, Big City (1988), Caddyshack II (1988) and Madhouse (1990), before regular roles in the short-lived police drama Over My Dead Body (1990–91) and six-episode revival of The Carol Burnett Show (1991). She starred as Gloria Utz in the NBC sitcom Hope & Gloria from 1995 to 1996, and the comedy films The Stupids (1996) and RocketMan (1997). From 2015 to 2019, Lundy starred as Amanda Wainwright in the CBS crime drama series, The Inspectors.

Hope & Gloria
Hope & Gloria is an American sitcom television series created by Bill and Cheri Steinkellner, that aired on NBC from March 9, 1995, through June 22, 1996. The show was canceled after 35 episodes. It starred Cynthia Stevenson as Hope, a high-strung television producer, and Jessica Lundy as Gloria, a tough-talking beautician, who become neighbors in an apartment complex in downtown Pittsburgh. The program also starred Alan Thicke as a local TV personality and featured Enrico Colantoni in one of his first regular roles on television.

The series was broadcast in Britain on ITV during the 1996 summer holiday, going out Monday to Friday for seven weeks.
Alexios Apokaukos
Alexios Apokaukos (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Ἀπόκαυκος; died 11 June 1345), also Latinized as Alexius Apocaucus, was a chief minister and head of the navy in the Byzantine Empire, during the reigns of emperors Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341) and John V Palaiologos (r. 1341–1357). Although he owed his rise to high state offices to the patronage of John VI Kantakouzenos (r. 1347–1354), he became, together with Patriarch John XIV Kalekas, one of the leaders of the faction supporting Emperor John V in the civil war of 1341–1347 against his one-time benefactor. Apokaukos died when he was lynched by political prisoners during an inspection of a new prison.

John XIV of Constantinople
John XIV of Constantinople, surnamed Kalekas (Greek: Ἰωάννης Καλέκας; c. 1282 – 29 December 1347), was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1334 to 1347. He was an anti-hesychast and opponent of Gregory Palamas. He was an active participant in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 as a member of the regency for Emperor John V Palaiologos, against Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos.
Mount Greylock
Mount Greylock is the highest point in Massachusetts at 3,489 feet (1,063 meters). Located in the northwest region of the state, it is part of the Taconic Mountains, a geologically distinct range from the nearby Berkshires and Green Mountains. Expansive views and a small area of sub-alpine forest characterize its upper reaches. A seasonal automobile road crosses the summit area near three structures from the 1930s; these together constitute a small National Historic District. Various hiking paths including the Appalachian Trail  traverse the area, which is part of the larger Mount Greylock State Reservation.

The peak is mentioned  in the work of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Henry David Thoreau.

Mount Greylock State Reservation
Mount Greylock State Reservation is public recreation and nature preservation area on and around Mount Greylock, the highest point in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The park covers some 12,000 acres (4,900 ha) in the towns of Lanesborough, North Adams, Adams, Cheshire, Williamstown and New Ashford, Massachusetts. It was created in 1898 as Massachusetts' first public land for the purpose of forest preservation.
Catí
Catí is a municipality in the comarca of Alt Maestrat, Castellón, Valencia, Spain.

The municipality of Catí limits with the following municipal terms: Ares del Maestrat, Morella, Chert, Tírig, La Salzadella, Sant Mateu and  Albocàsser all of them located in the province of Castellón.

Province of Castellón
Castellón (Spanish: Provincia de Castellón [kasteˈʎon]); Valencian: Província de Castelló [kasteˈʎo]) is a province in the northern part of the Valencian Community. It is bordered by the provinces of Valencia to the south, Teruel to the west, Tarragona to the north, and by the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The western side of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area. It has a population of 627,620.
Kempf–Ness theorem
In algebraic geometry, the Kempf–Ness theorem, introduced by George Kempf and Linda Ness (1979), gives a criterion for the stability of a vector in a representation of a complex reductive group. If the complex vector space is given a norm that is invariant under a maximal compact subgroup of the reductive group, then the Kempf–Ness theorem states that a vector is stable if and only if the norm attains a minimum value on the orbit of the vector.

The theorem has the following consequence: If X is a complex smooth projective variety and if G is a reductive complex Lie group, then  (the GIT quotient of X by G) is homeomorphic to the symplectic quotient of X by a maximal compact subgroup of G.

George Kempf
George Rushing Kempf (Globe, Arizona, August 12, 1944 – Lawrence, Kansas, July 16, 2002) was a mathematician who worked on algebraic geometry, who proved the Riemann–Kempf singularity theorem, the Kempf–Ness theorem, the Kempf vanishing theorem, and who introduced Kempf varieties.
Olga Carmona
Olga Carmona García (born 12 June 2000) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left back for Première Ligue club Paris Saint-Germain and the Spain national team.

She played for Sevilla before joining Real Madrid in 2020. Olga was Real's captain until 2025 when she signed for Paris Saint-Germain.

Real Madrid Femenino
Real Madrid Femenino is a Spanish professional women’s football club based in Madrid, competing in the Primera División, the highest level of women’s football in Spain. Founded in 2014 as the independent Club Deportivo TACÓN, the team entered into a merger and acquisition process with Real Madrid CF in 2019. Upon the completion of this integration, it was officially rebranded in 2020 as the women’s football section of Real Madrid. The team hosts its home fixtures at the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium, a venue within the club’s Ciudad Real Madrid training complex.
Benny Diggs
Bennie Diggs known professionally as Benny Diggs, is an American R&B and soul music director, vocalist, composer, and session musician best known for founding the New York Community Choir, and for co-founding the R&B group Revelation, along with Phillip Ballou, Arthur Freeman, and Arnold McCuller, and as a session singer on recordings by Nikki Giovanni, Carly Simon, Joe Cocker, Nancy Wilson, Ramsey Lewis, Robert Palmer and numerous others.

Revelation (vocal group)
Revelation was an American R&B and soul vocal group formed in 1974 in New York City, best known for their gospel harmonies. The group comprised Benny Diggs, Phillip Ballou, Arthur Freeman, and Arnold McCuller, all of whom have roots in gospel music and have previously performed with the Isaac Douglas Singers and New York Community Choir. Revelation signed with RSO Records and released their self-titled debut album in 1975, with production by Norman Harris. In 1977, Revelation signed with RCA Records, where members of the group wrote Make Every Day Count with the New York Community Choir, produced by Warren Schatz in 1978. In 1980, the group signed with Handshake Records.
Chausey
Chausey (French pronunciation: [ʃo.zɛ]) is a group of small islands, islets and rocks off the coast of Normandy, in the English Channel. It lies 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Granville and forms a quartier of the Granville commune in the Manche département.

Chausey forms part of the Channel Islands from a geographical point of view, but, because it is under French jurisdiction, it is almost never mentioned in the context of the other Channel Islands. There are no scheduled transport links between Chausey and the other Channel Islands, although between two and four daily shuttles link Chausey to mainland France through Granville, depending on the season.

The -ey ending of the name Chausey may be assumed to be associated with the Norse -ey (meaning island), as seen not only in Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, but also islands farther away like Anglesey, Orkney and Heimaey.

Grande-Île (Normandy)
Grande-Île (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d il], lit. 'Large Island') is the largest of the islands of Chausey located near the Channel Islands off the coast of Normandy in France. The island is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 miles) long and 0.5 kilometres (0.31 miles) wide at its widest being approximately 45 hectares (110 acres) in area. It has a population of 30.

The main part of the grounds of the main island and the small islands belong to the Société Civile Immobilière des Îles Chausey, created at the beginning of the 20th century.
William Taillefer I
William "Taillefer" I (died August 962) was also known as William II of Angoulême (being the second William in this family since Wulgrin I. His uncle, William I, being the first). He was the Count of Angoulême from 926 to 945. He was the son of Alduin I.

According to one source, his surname, or sobriquet, was acquired "...from the way in which he cut down a Norman Sea-king through his coat of mail". This Norman sea-king is identified as Storis. The name Taillefer was used by subsequent members of this family, especially holders of the title Count of Angoulême.

William was not married, but had at least one, and possibly two, illegitimate sons who would later claim the title of Count of Angoulême.

Aymer II (possibly ruling as count from after 945 to before 952)

Arnald II "Manzer" (count from 975 to 988)

Counts and Dukes of Angoulême
Angoulême (L'Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian Kingdom of Aquitaine. Under Charlemagne's successors, the local count of Angoulême was independent and the county was not united with the French crown until 1308. By the terms of the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Angoumois, then ruled by the counts of Angoulême, was ceded to King Edward III of England. In 1371 it became a fief of Duke John of Berry and then passed to Duke Louis I of Orleans, both of whom were cadets of the French royal family. From then on it was held by cadets of the Valois House of Orleans, until Francis of Angoulême, became king of France in 1515. Angoumois was definitively incorporated into the French crown lands, as a duchy.
Abigail Pogson
Abigail Pogson is a British arts executive who was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Barbican Centre in September 2025, taking up the role in January 2026. She previously served as Chief Executive of The Glasshouse International Centre for Music (formerly Sage Gateshead) for a decade from 2015 to 2025.

The Glasshouse, Gateshead
The Glasshouse is an international centre for musical education and concerts on the Gateshead bank of Quayside in northern England. Opened in 2004 as Sage Gateshead and occupied by North Music Trust, the venue's original name honours a patron: the accountancy software company The Sage Group.
Tyneside Scottish
Tyneside Scottish is an honour title which has been held by a variety of British Army units since 1914. The Regiments which have held the title are the Northumberland Fusiliers, Durham Light Infantry, Black Watch and Royal Artillery. The Tyneside Scottish title is currently maintained by 204 (Tyneside Scottish) Battery Royal Artillery.

Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was an infantry regiment of the British Army. Raised in 1674 as one of three 'English' units in the Dutch Anglo-Scots Brigade, it accompanied William III to England in the November 1688 Glorious Revolution and became part of the English establishment in 1689.

In 1751, it became the 5th Regiment of Foot, with the regional title 'Northumberland' added in 1782; in 1836,  it was designated a Fusilier unit and became the 5th (Northumberland Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot.

After the 1881 Childers Reforms, it adopted the title Northumberland Fusiliers, then Royal Northumberland Fusiliers on 3 June 1935. In 1968, it was amalgamated with the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and Lancashire Fusiliers to form the present Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.
Kuril–Kamchatka Trench
The Kuril–Kamchatka Trench or Kuril Trench (Russian: Курило-Камчатский жёлоб, Kurilo-Kamchatskii Zhyolob) is an oceanic trench in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It lies off the southeast coast of Kamchatka and parallels the Kuril Island chain to meet the Japan Trench east of Hokkaido. It extends from a triple junction with the Ulakhan Fault and the Aleutian Trench near the Commander Islands, Russia, in the northeast, to the intersection with the Japan Trench in the southwest.

The trench formed as a result of the subduction zone, which formed in the late Cretaceous, that created the Kuril island arc as well as the Kamchatka volcanic arc.  The Pacific plate is being subducted beneath the Okhotsk plate along the trench, resulting in intense volcanism.

The maximum depth of the trench is reported in peer-reviewed academic papers as 9,600 meters.

Pacific plate
The Pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate.

The plate first came into existence as a microplate 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. The Pacific plate subsequently grew to where it underlies most of the Pacific Ocean basin. This reduced the Farallon plate to a few remnants along the west coast of the Americas and the Phoenix plate to a small remnant near the Drake Passage, and destroyed the Izanagi plate by subduction under Asia.

The Pacific plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands.