hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British literature in languages other than English
In addition to English, literature has been written in a wide variety of other languages in Britain, that is the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands (the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey are not part of the United Kingdom, but are closely associated with it, being British Crown Dependencies). This includes literature in Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Latin, Cornish, Anglo-Norman, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Manx, and Irish (but the last of these only in Northern Ireland after 1922). Literature in Anglo-Saxon (Old English) is treated as English literature and literature in Scots as Scottish literature.

Irish language in Northern Ireland
The Irish language (Irish: Gaeilge) is, since 2022, an official language in Northern Ireland. The main dialect spoken there is Ulster Irish (Gaeilge or Gaeilg Uladh). Protection for the Irish language in Northern Ireland stems largely from the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

In the 2021 census, Irish was the main language of 0.3% of the population aged 3 and up, an increase from 0.2% in the previous survey,
while 12.4% of that population had some ability in Irish, also an increase from previous census results. As well, for the first time, the census asked the frequency of speaking Irish. 43,557 said they spoke Irish on a daily basis, which accounts for 2.43% of Northern Ireland's population.
Johann Heinrich Alsted
Johann Heinrich Alsted (March 1588 – November 9, 1638), "the true parent of all the Encyclopædias", was a German-born Transylvanian Saxon Calvinist minister and academic, known for his varied interests: in Ramism and Lullism, pedagogy and encyclopedias, theology and millenarianism. His contemporaries noted that an anagram of Alstedius was sedulitas, meaning "hard work" in Latin.

Ramism
Ramism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic, and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher, and Huguenot convert, who was murdered during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572.

According to British historian Jonathan Israel:

"[Ramism], despite its crudity, enjoyed vast popularity in late sixteenth-century Europe, and at the outset of the seventeenth, providing as it did a method of systematizing all branches of knowledge, emphasizing the relevance of theory to practical applications [...]"
Binibining Pilipinas
Binibining Pilipinas (abbreviated as Bb. Pilipinas or BBP; transl. Miss Philippines) is the oldest active national beauty pageant in the Philippines. Founded in 1964, it currently selects Filipina representatives to compete in one of the Big Four international beauty pageants—Miss International, as well as representatives to other international pageants, such as The Miss Globe.

Miss World Philippines
Miss World Philippines is a beauty pageant in the Philippines that selects the country's representatives to the Miss World, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants.

The pageant also selects representative to participate in minor international pageants. In addition the organizer of the pageant also held its male counterpart Mister World Philippines to pick representatives to participate in Mister World.

The pageant is inspired by the Miss World Ltd.'s slogan "Beauty with a Purpose" and henceforth adopted the theme "Beauty in Giving."

The winner and her court work with charities that benefit children in need and also join movements of supporting women and children's rights and many more advocacies.
Radar Doppler Multitarget
Radar Doppler Multitarget (RDY in its French acronym) is a multimode Look-down/shoot-down Pulse-Doppler radar designed by Thomson-CSF (now Thales) for the Mirage 2000-5 fighter. The RDY-3 derivative has been fitted to Moroccan Mirage F1s. Thomson has claimed that the original RDY outperformed the AN/APG-66/68 of the F-16 and the AN/APG-65 of the F/A-18 Hornet.

Dassault Mirage 2000
The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole, single-engine, delta wing, fourth-generation jet fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation. It was designed in the late 1970s as a lightweight fighter to replace the Mirage III for the French Air Force (Armée de l'air). The Mirage 2000 evolved into a multirole aircraft with several variants developed, with sales to a number of nations. It was later developed into the Mirage 2000N and 2000D strike variants, the improved Mirage 2000-5, and several export variants. Over 600 aircraft were built and it has been in service with nine nations.
2015–16 Copa del Rey
The 2015–16 Copa del Rey was the 114th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). Going into the tournament, the winners were assured a place for the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League Group stage. However, since the two finalists, Barcelona and Sevilla, both qualified for the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, respectively by winning the 2015–16 La Liga title and the 2015–16 Europa League, the cup winner's place in the 2016–17 Europa League group stage instead passed to the fifth-place team in La Liga, Athletic Bilbao.

Barcelona entered as the defending champions after winning the 2014–15 edition. They defeated Sevilla 2–0 in the final, winning their 28th title.

2015–16 La Liga
The 2015–16 La Liga season (known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons) was the 85th since its establishment. Barcelona were the defending champions. The season began on 21 August 2015, and concluded on 15 May 2016.

Barcelona successfully retained the title (their 24th Liga overall) following a 3–0 win against Granada on the final matchday. Barcelona, Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid were engaged in an intense title race, with the three teams finishing with 91, 90 and 88 points respectively.

Barcelona's Luis Suárez finished as the league's top scorer, becoming the first player apart from Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo to do so since the 2008–09 season.
London Buses route SL7
London Buses route SL7, formerly London Buses route X26, is a Transport for London contracted Superloop express bus route in London, England. Running between West Croydon and Heathrow Central bus stations, it is operated by Go-Ahead London subsidiary London General.

London General
London General Transport Services Limited, trading as Go-Ahead London, is a bus company operating in Greater London. The London General brand is a subsidiary of Go-Ahead London and operates services under contract to Transport for London. The company is named after the London General Omnibus Company, the principal operator of buses in London between 1855 and 1933.
Defunct schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
This article details a number of defunct schools that were once located in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. For details of currently operating schools in the area, please see: List of schools in Dudley.

Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
The Metropolitan Borough of Dudley is a metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It was created in 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972, through a merger of the existing Dudley County Borough with the municipal boroughs of Stourbridge and Halesowen.

The borough's main settlement is Dudley but it also includes the outlying towns of Brierley Hill, Halesowen, Kingswinford, Lye, Netherton, Sedgley, and Stourbridge.

The borough borders Sandwell to the east, the city of Birmingham to the south east, Bromsgrove to the south in Worcestershire, South Staffordshire District to the west, and the city of Wolverhampton to the north.
Peter Grill and the Philosopher's Time
Peter Grill and the Philosopher's Time (ピーター・グリルと賢者の時間, Pītā Guriru to Kenja no Jikan) is a Japanese fantasy manga series by Daisuke Hiyama. It was serialized in Futabasha's seinen manga magazine Monthly Action from August 2017 to February 2024 before being transferred to the Web Action manga website, where it finished serialization in August 2024. It has been collected in fifteen tankōbon volumes. The manga is licensed in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment. An anime television series adaptation by Wolfsbane aired from July to September 2020. A second season by Wolfsbane and Seven aired from October to December 2022.

Wolfsbane (animation studio)
Wolfsbane Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社ウルフズベイン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Urufuzubein) is a Japanese animation company founded in 2017 and based in Tokyo. The company has produced;  Peter Grill and the Philosopher's Time, Peter Grill and the Philosopher's Time: Super Extra, Banished from the Hero's Party and Isekai Onsen Paradise.
Nylex Clock
The Nylex Clock is heritage listed as an iconic feature of Melbourne, Australia and is considered part of the popular culture of the city. It is neon sign sitting atop malting storage silos in the suburb of Cremorne. It is located adjacent to the northern bank of the Yarra River and the Monash Freeway and displays the time and temperature alternately. The text also alternates displaying the words Nylex Plastics that changes to 'Nylex Every Time!'. It is visible from many parts of Melbourne. This linkage is referred to in the song "Leaps and Bounds" by musician Paul Kelly and was once climbed by Brisbane-based activists Freshellen Frew, Ag Heard and several other Melbourne-based activists.

Australian indigenous hip-hop artists Baker Boy (Danzel Baker) and Dallas Woods shot the video for their musical collaboration 'Black Magic' in various locations throughout the site.

Nylex
Nylex Plastics, founded in 1927, is an Australian manufacturer of a range of plastic goods, such as trigger sprayers. It was originally called the Australian Moulding Corporation but changed its name in 1948. The founder was John Derham. During the period between 1990 and 2009, the company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and was considered to be the largest manufacturing company in Australia and in the top 25 largest companies in the country. It continues to operate in the form of its gardening products branch, which  produces and sells plastic gardening products throughout Australia using the Nylex branding. A company that was previously a subsidiary, Nylex (Malaysia) Berhard, also still operates.
Andy Williams (guitarist)
Andrew J. Williams (born December 12, 1977) is an American musician and professional wrestler, best known as the former rhythm guitarist of the metalcore band Every Time I Die. As a wrestler, he is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the ring name The Butcher, where he is one-half of a tag team with The Blade.

The Butcher and the Blade
The Butcher (Andy Williams) and the Blade (Jesse Guilmette) are an American professional wrestling tag team signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The team was managed by Allie, who is best known as the Bunny from 2019 to 2023.

The team debuted in September 2017 and wrestled in the independent circuit, as well as several regional promotions such as Bar Wrestling, Beyond Wrestling, and Empire State Wrestling in the United States and Capital City Championship Combat (C4) and Smash Wrestling in Canada.
Gerard of Toul
Gerard (French: Geraud; German Gerhard; c. 935 – 23 April 994) was a German prelate who served as the Bishop of Toul from 963 until his death. His entrance into the priesthood came about due to his mother being struck dead in a lightning strike which he believed was divine judgment for his sins and a call to service. But he had been known for his piousness and he accepted the position to the Toul diocese despite his reluctance. His concern as a bishop was to the restoration of all properties the Church managed and to ensure secular involvement in Church affairs ceased.

His reputation for holiness was evident in his life and miracles at his tomb were recorded after his death; Pope Leo IX – a successor in Toul – later canonized him on 21 October 1050 in Rome.

Diocese of Toul
The Diocese of Toul was a Roman Catholic diocese seated at Toul in present-day France. It existed from 365 until 1802. From 1048 until 1552 (de jure until 1648), it was also a state of the Holy Roman Empire.
462nd Tactical Fighter Squadron
The 462d Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 506th Tactical Fighter Wing, stationed at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma.  It was inactivated on 1 April 1959.

506th Air Expeditionary Group
The 506th Air Expeditionary Group (506 AEG) was a provisional United States Air Force unit. It was stationed at Kirkuk Airport from 2003 until 2011/12. The group was assigned to the United States Air Forces Central 332d Air Expeditionary Wing, stationed at Joint Base Balad, Iraq.

The 506 AEG secured the base, conducts safe flight operations and fought in the Iraq War. As a provisional unit, the 506 AEG may be activated or inactivated at any time.

The group's lineage begins in 1944 as the 301st Fighter Group which flew P-51 Mustangs as part of Twentieth Air Force in the Western Pacific. During the Cold War, the unit was a Strategic Air Command fighter-escort unit and later active with Tactical Air Command and the Air Force Reserve as a tactical fighter unit.
Battle of Chapakchur
The Battle of Chapakchur (Turkish:Sancak Muharebesi; Azerbaijani:Səncəq döyüşü), also Battle of  Muş, was a decisive battle fought between Qara Qoyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomen) under the leadership of Jahan Shah and Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomen) under the leadership of Uzun Hasan. Jahan Shah was defeated by Uzun Hasan in a battle near the sanjak of Çapakçur in present-day eastern Turkey on October 30 (or November 11), 1467.

Uzun Hasan
Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan (اوزون حسن; February or March 1425 – January 6, 1478) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Hasan was from the Bayandur tribe, and ruled between 1452 and 1478, presiding over the confederation's territorial apex, when it included parts or all of present-day Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Transcaucasia and Syria.
BBC Radio 3 Unwind
BBC Radio 3 Unwind is a British digital radio station, owned and operated by the BBC and run as a spin-off from BBC Radio 3. Launched in 2024, the station plays a wide range of wellbeing and meditation focused classical music both familiar and new, intertwined with voices and soundscapes.

The station broadcasts on BBC Sounds and was fully launched on DAB+ digital radio on 11 September 2025.

BBC Radio 1 Dance
BBC Radio 1 Dance is a British digital radio station owned and operated by the BBC. It specialises in a wide range of dance and electronic music, featuring a mix of presenter-led programmes, curated DJ sets and live or pre-recorded performances.

The station was launched in October 2020 as a spin-off from Radio 1 exclusively on BBC Sounds. From September 2025, the station began broadcasting on DAB+. Some shows are simulcast on Radio 1 during late-night slots or events. Such shows from Radio 1 are also occasionally re-broadcast on Radio 1 Dance independently.
W. Sherman Savage
William Sherman Savage (March 7, 1890 – May 23, 1981), generally known as W. Sherman Savage, was an American historian, professor of history at Lincoln University in Missouri, and author of Blacks in the West, a foundational survey of the subject. A specialist in African American history, he also taught at Jarvis Christian College in Texas and California State College, Los Angeles. Savage was the first African American to graduate from the University of Oregon or receive a doctorate from Ohio State University.

Jarvis Christian University
Jarvis Christian University (JCU) is a private historically black Christian college in Wood County, Texas. It was founded in 1912. It had a total undergraduate enrollment of 867 in the fall of 2019. During the 2022–2023 academic year, Jarvis Christian College was renamed Jarvis Christian University and it began offering graduate programs the following year.
Chaim Bloom
Chaim David Bloom ([ħajˈjiːm]; born February 27, 1983) is an American professional baseball executive who is the president of baseball operations for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He began his MLB career in 2005 with the Tampa Bay Rays, reaching the title of Senior Vice President of Baseball Operations. From 2020 to 2023, he was Chief Baseball Officer for the Boston Red Sox. In 2024, Bloom joined the Cardinals as an advisor to then-president of baseball operations John Mozeliak and succeeded him in his role after the 2025 season.

John Mozeliak
John Mozeliak (born January 18, 1969) is an American professional baseball executive who served as general manager and president of baseball operations of the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2007 to 2025. Never a professional player, Mozeliak originally came to the Cardinals in 1995 as then-GM Walt Jocketty's assistant.

Mozeliak's tenure included 10 postseason berths, two National League pennants, and a World Series championship in 2011. He posted a franchise-record 15 consecutive winning seasons from 2008 to 2022, and his 1,521 wins are the most in the NL during that span. During his time, the Cardinals' minor league farm system received numerous accolades following the volume of prospects that succeeded at the major league level, including Baseball America bestowing the franchise with the Organization of the Year Award in 2011 and 2013.
Tenali
Tenali is a city in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality, and the headquarters of Tenali mandal and Tenali revenue division. The city is renowned for art, culture, drama, and hence, it is called "Andhra Paris". It is one of the twelve urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and the twelfth most populous town in the state, with a population of 199,345 as of 2011. Tenali town is also part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA).

Tenali Rama, one of the jesters and eight poets of the early 16th century Vijayanagara ruler  Krishnadevaraya, hailed from Tenali.

Tenali Rama
Tenali Ramakrishna (born Garlapati Ramakrishna; 22 September 1480 – 5 August 1528), also known as Tenali Ramalinga and Tenali Rama, was a Telugu poet, scholar, and advisor in the court of Sri Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire. Hailing from Tenali, Andhra Pradesh. He earned acclaim as one of the Ashtadiggajas, a group of eight celebrated Telugu poets in Sri Krishnadevaraya's court, and is best known for his sharp wit and humour. His literary contributions include the notable work Panduranga Mahatmyam, which is regarded as one of the five great Telugu Kāvyas. He is often referred to by the title "Vikatakavi," meaning "jester poet," reflecting his unique ability to blend humour with wisdom. Tenali Ramakrishna's legacy continues to inspire various cultural adaptations in literature and media.
Andrew Rosen (retail executive)
Andrew Rosen is an American retail executive. Currently C.E.O. of Theory, Inc., a New York City-based clothing retailer he co-founded in 1997, Rosen is a third-generation garment industry entrepreneur. Rosen has served for years as a judge in the CFDA Fashion Awards, and as a mentor to many of its finalists. Rosen has been a key investor in a number of emerging American designers, including Alice + Olivia, J Brand, Rag & Bone, and Proenza Schouler.

Theory (clothing retailer)
Theory is a New York City–based upscale men's and women's contemporary fashion label which sells premium clothes and accessories. The brand  has 434 retail locations, and global sales approaching $1 billion as of 2021. The company's headquarters and flagship boutique are located in Manhattan's Meatpacking District.
1961 NBA Finals
The 1961 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1961 NBA playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1960–61 season in North America. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. This was the fourth and final World Championship Series meeting between the two teams, and was the fifth meeting between teams from Boston and St. Louis for a major professional sports championship. It was also the Celtics' fifth straight trip to the championship series, and they won the series against the Hawks, 4–1.

As of 2026, this remains the Hawks’ last appearance in the NBA Finals, the second-longest drought behind the Kings franchise who last played in the NBA Finals in 1951.

1960–61 NBA season
The 1960–61 NBA season was the 15th season of the National Basketball Association.  The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning their 3rd straight NBA title, beating the St. Louis Hawks 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals.
Dorsey W. M. McConnell
Dorsey Winter Marsden McConnell (born 1953) is an American Anglican bishop who is the Acting Bishop of Aberdeen and Orkney in the Scottish Episcopal Church. He had served as bishop diocesan in the Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh from 2012 to 2021, having succeeded Robert Duncan who was deposed for abandoning communion with the Episcopal Church as part of the Anglican realignment of disaffected theological conservatives in 2008.

Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh
The Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh is a diocese in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Geographically, it encompasses 11 counties in Western Pennsylvania. It was formed in 1865 by dividing the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania. The diocesan cathedral is Trinity Cathedral in downtown Pittsburgh. The Rt. Rev. Ketlen A. Solak was consecrated and seated as its current bishop in autumn 2021.

The diocese reported 9,089 members in 2021 and 8,527 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 33 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $5,606,328. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 1,751 persons.
Maritime Exclusion Zone
A Maritime Exclusion Zone (MEZ) is a military exclusion zone at sea. While it is an accepted concept internationally, it is not the subject of an explicit treaty, and there has been variation in naming including: "naval exclusion zone", "maritime security zone", "blockade zone", "maritime operational zone", "area subject to long distance blockade" and "area dangerous to shipping".

During armed conflicts since the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, belligerents have sometimes established maritime zones to control or prohibit access of foreign ships and aircraft, with varying levels of restriction and risk of attack on merchant vessels. A MEZ is different to a blockade in that enforcing naval forces are not deployed close in to a port but over an extended area, and that offending vessels are generally subject to attack rather than confiscation. The development of the MEZ concept from a blockade reflects the technological changes enabling longer ranges for detection systems and weapons.

San Remo Manual
The San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea was adopted in June 1994 by the International Institute of Humanitarian Law after a series of round table discussions held between 1988 and 1994 by diplomats and naval and legal experts.  Those discussions followed from an initial review of then-existing law, the Round Table on International Humanitarian Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea, held in 1987 at San Remo, Italy. The manual is "the only comprehensive international instrument that has been drafted on the law of naval warfare since 1913."
Moscow City Duma District 33
Moscow City Duma District 33 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the constituency covers outer parts of South-Western Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Natalia Metlina, a one-term member and TV host, who was redistricted from District 35.

Moscow City Duma District 35
Moscow City Duma District 35 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers inner parts of South-Western Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Anatoly Petrukovich, a Russian Space Research Institute director, who flipped an open seat left by one-term Yabloko incumbent Vladimir Ryzhkov as Ryzhkov resigned in January 2024.