hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eurasian penduline tit
The Eurasian penduline tit or European penduline tit (Remiz pendulinus) is a passerine bird of the genus Remiz. It is relatively widespread throughout the western Palearctic. It is migratory in the northern part of its range but resident in the southern part.

The breeding range in Western Europe experienced an expansion during the 1980s and 1990s. This was accompanied by an expansion of the species' winter range and reached as far south as northern Morocco.

It builds an elaborate hanging nest, formerly used in Central Europe as children's slippers.

Remiz
Remiz is a genus of birds in the family Remizidae, commonly known as the Eurasian pendulines (in contrast to the African pendulines). Like other penduline tits, they are named for their elegant, pendulous nests.
Australian Energy Regulator
The Australian Energy Regulator (AER) is the regulatory authority for the wholesale electricity and gas markets in Australia. The AER is a part of the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission, and enforces the rules established by the Australian Energy Market Commission.

The AER was established in July 2005. The next year all 13 bodies previously responsible for energy regulation had transferred responsibility to the AER. Decisions made by the regulator are subject to appeal.

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is the chief competition regulator of the Government of Australia, located within the Department of the Treasury. It was established in 1995 with the amalgamation of the Australian Trade Practices Commission and the Prices Surveillance Authority to administer the Trade Practices Act 1974, which was replaced by the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 on 1 January 2011. The ACCC's mandate is to protect consumer rights and business rights and obligations, to perform industry regulation and price monitoring, and to prevent illegal anti-competitive behaviour.
Texas Military Forces
The Texas Military Forces (TXMF) are the principal instrument through which the Texas Military Department (TMD) executes security policy for Texas, which has the second-largest population and border in the United States.

The Texas Military Forces have a budget of $1.851 billion as of 2023. Current forces include the Texas Army National Guard, Texas Air National Guard, and Texas State Guard of the Texas Militia. Former forces include the Texian Militia, Texian Army, Texian Navy, Texas Army, Texas Navy, and Texas Marines. It also included the Texas Rangers from their inception until 1935.

The Texas Military Forces are administered by the Texas Military Department under command of the adjutant general of Texas, who is appointed by and subordinate to the governor of Texas, the commander-in-chief-in-Texas, and is also subordinate to the President of the United States, the commander-in-chief.

Texas Militia
The Texas Militia are the militia forces of the State of Texas. It currently consists of the Texas Army National Guard, Texas Air National Guard, and Texas State Guard. It is administered by the Texas Military Department under command of the Texas Adjutant General. Since 1846, the Texas Militia constitutes the entirety of the Texas Military Forces.
Peabody, Kansas
Peabody is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 937.  The city was named after F.H. Peabody of Boston, former vice-president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Peabody is well known in the region for its Independence Day Celebration on July 4, and its historic 1880s downtown main street.  It is located between Newton and Florence along U.S. Route 50 highway.

Florence, Kansas
Florence is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 394.  The city was named after the daughter of the third Governor of Kansas, Samuel J. Crawford.  It is located at the intersection of U.S. routes 50 and 77 highways.
Auntie Mame
Auntie Mame: An Irreverent Escapade is a 1955 novel by American author Patrick Dennis chronicling the madcap adventures of a boy, Patrick, growing up as the ward of his Aunt Mame Dennis, the sister of his dead father.

The book is often described as having been inspired by Dennis' real-life eccentric aunt, Marion Tanner, whose life and outlook mirrored those of Mame, but Dennis denied the connection. The novel was a runaway bestseller, setting records on the New York Times bestseller list, with more than 2 million copies in print during its initial publication. It became the basis of a stage play, a film, a stage musical, and a film musical.

In 1958, Dennis wrote a sequel titled Around the World with Auntie Mame.

Auntie Mame (film)
Auntie Mame is a 1958 American Technirama Technicolor comedy film based on the 1955 novel of the same name by Edward Everett Tanner III (under the pseudonym Patrick Dennis) and the 1956 play of the same name by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee. This film version stars Rosalind Russell and was directed by Morton DaCosta.
Heinkel HeS 3
The Heinkel HeS 3 (HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke) was the world's first operational jet engine to power an aircraft. Designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel, the engine first flew as the primary power of the Heinkel He 178, piloted by Erich Warsitz on 27 August 1939. Although successful, the engine had too little thrust to be really useful, and work started on the more powerful Heinkel HeS 8 as their first production design.

Heinkel HeS 8
The Heinkel HeS 8 (an abbreviation of "Heinkel Strahltriebwerke 8" - Heinkel Jet Engine 8) was an early jet engine designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel. It was the first jet engine to be financially supported by the RLM, bearing the official name 109-001. Had development continued it would have been known as the Heinkel 001, but it does not appear this was used in practice.

The HeS 8 was intended to power the Heinkel He 280 twin-engine fighter, although both Heinkel and von Ohain preferred the axial HeS 30. A lengthy gestation period meant it was finally becoming ready for production at about the same time as the Junkers Jumo 004 and BMW 003. In 1942 work was ended on the HeS 8 and HeS 30, and Heinkel was ordered to move on to the larger Heinkel HeS 011 instead. The He 280 was left engineless, and was eventually abandoned.
HMS Amphion (1911)
HMS Amphion was an Active-class scout cruiser built for the Royal Navy before the First World War. Completed in 1913, she was initially assigned to the First Fleet and became a destroyer flotilla leader in mid-1914. When the war began, her flotilla was assigned to the Harwich Force. While patrolling on the first full day of the war, Amphion and her destroyers encountered and sank a German minelayer, SMS Königin Luise, but not before she had laid many of her mines. While returning from patrolling the following morning, Amphion struck a mine on 6 August 1914 off the Thames Estuary and sank with the loss of 132 crewmen killed. She was the first ship of the Royal Navy to be sunk in the First World War. The wreck site is protected and may not be dived upon without permission from the Ministry of Defence.

SS Königin Luise (1913)
SS Königin Luise was a German steam ferry.  She operated between Hamburg and the Netherlands, before being taken over by the Kaiserliche Marine on the outbreak of the First World War. She was used as an auxiliary minelayer before being sunk on 5 August 1914.
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH) is an academic medical center located on Northwestern University's Chicago campus in Streeterville, Chicago, Illinois. It is the flagship campus for Northwestern Medicine and the primary teaching hospital for the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Affiliated institutions also located on campus include the Lurie Children's Hospital with Level I pediatric trauma care and the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, a leader in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

In 2022, U.S. News & World Report ranked Northwestern Memorial as the top hospital in both Chicago and Illinois for the eleventh consecutive year and #9 in the nation. In the same report, Northwestern Memorial is nationally ranked in 11 adult specialties including #5 in Neurology & Neurosurgery.

Feinberg School of Medicine
The Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, formerly Northwestern University Medical School from 1906 to 2002, is the medical school of Northwestern University and located in the Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1859, Feinberg offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, multiple dual degree programs, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education.

Through clinical affiliates Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago). Feinberg and its clinical affiliates are together an $11 billion academic medical enterprise. The school has about 4,830 faculty members.
KWHW (AM)
KWHW (1450 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve Altus, the seat of Jackson County in southwestern Oklahoma, United States. Established in 1947, KWHW is owned by James G Boles, Jr. It airs a full service mix of music, news, sports, and local programming. The station is simulcast on sister station KPRO (93.5 FM).

KPRO (FM)
KPRO (93.5 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve Altus, Oklahoma, United States. The station, established in 1974, is owned and operated by James G Boles, Jr. It airs a full service mix of music, news, sports, and local programming.
William Taylor (Archdeacon of Liverpool)
William Francis Taylor, DD (1820 – 19 March 1906) was an Archdeacon in the Diocese of Liverpool.

Taylor was educated at Trinity College, Dublin; and ordained in 1848.  After curacies in Tranmere and Claughton he served incumbencies; St John, Liverpool; St Silas, Liverpool;  St Chrysostom, Everton; and St Andrew, Toxteth Park. He was Chaplain to the Bishop of Liverpool, Rural Dean of Walton,  an Honorary Canon of Liverpool Cathedral Archdeacon of Warrington 1889-95 and finally Archdeacon of Liverpool from 1895 until his death.

He was the father of Austin Taylor, who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool East Toxteth from 1902 to 1910, Gerald Kyffin-Taylor, MP for Liverpool Kirkdale from 1910 to 1915, and judge William Kyffin-Taylor, 1st Baron Maenan.

Archdeacons in the Diocese of Liverpool
The archdeacons in the Diocese of Liverpool are senior ecclesiastical officers in the Church of England in a highly irregular area surrounding the city of Liverpool. This includes the archdeacons of Liverpool, St Helens and Warrington, Knowsley and Sefton, and Wigan and West Lancashire, each responsible for a specific geographical region within the diocese. They are tasked with the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within their respective archdeaconries.
Yachad (political party)
Yachad (Hebrew: יחד, lit. 'Together') is a Haredi nationalist and Hardal political party in Israel formed by former Shas member Eli Yishai. The party combines certain groups of ultra-Orthodox Jews with some religious Zionists.

Shas
Shas (Hebrew: ש״ס) is a Haredi religious political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013,
it primarily represents the interests of Sephardic and Mizrahi Haredi Jews.

Shas is the third-largest party in the Knesset as of 2024. Since 1984, it has been part of most governing coalitions, whether the ruling party was Labor or Likud.
USS Mason (DE-529)
USS Mason (DE-529), an Evarts-class destroyer escort, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named Mason, though DE-529 was the only one specifically named for Ensign Newton Henry Mason. USS Mason was one of two US Navy ships with largely African-American crews in World War II. The other was USS PC-1264, a submarine chaser. These two ships were manned by African Americans as the result of a letter sent to President Roosevelt by the NAACP in mid-December 1941. Entering service in 1944, the vessel was used for convoy duty in the Battle of the Atlantic for the remainder of the war. Following the war, Mason was sold for scrap and broken up in 1947.

USS PC-1264
USS PC-1264 was a PC-461-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was one of only two U.S. Navy ships to have a predominantly African-American enlisted complement during the war, the other being the Evarts-class destroyer escort USS Mason.

PC-1264 was in service for less than two years, but the performance of her crew—and of USS Mason's—led the U.S. Navy to reevaluate its perception of African Americans as members of the fleet. Although sold for scrapping, the ship remains at the Donjon Marine Yard in Rossville, Staten Island, New York.
Harlequin rasbora
The harlequin rasbora (Trigonostigma heteromorpha) is a small fish in the family Cyprinidae. The species became an instant favorite among aquarists after its introduction in the early 1900s and is the best known and most widely kept species among the rasboras. In 1935, an image of a trio of harlequin rasboras, stamped in 14k gold, graced the cover of the first edition of William T. Innes's classic Exotic Aquarium Fishes, and remained through all 19 editions.

William T. Innes
William Thornton Innes III, L.H.D. (February 2, 1874 – February 27, 1969) was an American aquarist, author, photographer, printer and publisher. Innes was the author of numerous influential books and hundreds of articles about aquarium fish, aquatic plants and aquarium maintenance during the formative years of the aquarium hobby in America. Born in Philadelphia, he was the founder, publisher and editor of The Aquarium, the first successful national magazine dedicated to aquarists. The magazine ran monthly for thirty-five years from May 1932 through January 1967.
Lowndesboro Historic District
The Lowndesboro Historic District is a historic district in Lowndesboro, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1973. The district covers 1,800 acres (730 ha), spread over the entire town, and contains 20 contributing properties, including Meadowlawn Plantation.  Architectural styles include the Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and other Victorian styles.

Meadowlawn Plantation
Meadowlawn, also known as the Hagood House, is an antebellum plantation house, built in the Greek revival style, in Lowndsboro, Alabama, United States.  It is a contributing property to the Lowndesboro Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1973.
Movement for Democracy (Greece)
Democrats – Progressive Centre (Greek: Δημοκράτες – Προοδευτικό Κέντρο, romanized: Dimokrates – Proodeftiko Kentro formerly Movement for Democracy) is a political party formed in Greece on 23 November 2024 by the former leader of Syriza, Stefanos Kasselakis after the party's extraordinary congress refused to approve his candidacy in the internal elections. The party's founding declaration was signed by, among others, five independent MPs, formerly members of the Syriza parliamentary group.

2024 Syriza leadership election
A leadership election was held on 24 November 2024. The winner was Sokratis Famellos, an MP of Syriza and former leader of the parliamentary group. In second place, with a small gap to the winner, was the MP from Chania, Pavlos Polakis, who said that he did not want a second round. These elections — the most tumultuous in Syriza's history — were marked by the decision of the party's supreme bodies to reject the possibility of former Syriza president Stefanos Kasselakis running, a decision that caused fierce disputes among the party's executives and grassroots members.

About 70,000 voters who were already registered members of the party voted (in the immediately preceding elections 147,000 people who could register on the same day had voted), a figure that SYRIZA officials described as a success under the circumstances.
1948 Brigg by-election
The 1948 Brigg by-election was a by-election held on 24 March 1948 for the British House of Commons constituency of Brigg in Lincolnshire.

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the constituency's Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) Tom Williamson, a trade union leader who had held the seat since the 1945 general election.

The result was a victory for the Labour candidate Lance Mallalieu, who held the seat with a reduced majority, and represented Brigg until he retired from the House of Commons in 1974.

Brigg (UK Parliament constituency)
Brigg was a county constituency centred on the town of Brigg in North Lincolnshire.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the February 1974 general election when it was replaced by the new constituency of Brigg and Scunthorpe.
Ichneutica morosa
Ichneutica morosa is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the southern parts of the North Island and throughout the South Island. I. morosa is common in the eastern parts of both those islands and also in Fiordland. I. morosa can be found from altitudes ranging from lowlands to the alpine zone. I. morosa is absent from the range of its closely related species I. mustulenta, that is from the northern North Island. The larvae of I. morosa are known to feed on Poa astonii and also on other Poa species including introduced species. As well as its standard form the adult moths have a grey colour morph with the head and thorax being a grey and mottled brown, and the forewing being a pale greyish ochreous to a deep brown, suffused with grey. I. morosa can be confused with I. mustulenta and I. lignana. Adults are on the wing from November to April.

Ichneutica mustulenta
Ichneutica mustulenta is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand is widespread throughout the North, South and Stewart Islands. I. mustulenta prefers damp native forest in the west of the North and South Islands. Its range only overlaps with its close relative I. morosa in a few places such as Taranaki. The life history of this species is unknown as are the host species of its larvae. However it is assumed that the larval hosts of this species will be grasses similar to its close relatives in the same genus. Adults of this species are on the wing from January to March.
Sallye Mathis
Sallye Brooks Mathis (1912 - 1982) was a teacher and civil rights activist in Jacksonville, Florida who served as an elected official in local government along with Mary Singleton. She served on Jacksonville's city council for 15 years. Sallye B. Mathis Elementary School is named for her, and she was inducted into the Florida Civil Rights Hall of Fame in 2015.

Mary Singleton
Mary Littlejohn Singleton (September 20, 1926 – December 7, 1980) was a Florida teacher and politician, serving on the Jacksonville, Florida City Council before and after the consolidation in 1968 with Duval County. In 1967 she was one of the first two black women elected to the council. She was re-elected after consolidation and served until 1972.

In 1972 Singleton was elected to the state legislature, the first woman and first black elected to that body from North Florida, serving until 1976. She ran unsuccessfully for lieutenant governor, and was appointed to state office after that, living in Tallahassee.
Greenfield University kidnapping
The Greenfield University kidnapping took place on 20 April 2021, when at least 20 students and 2 staff were kidnapped in Kasarami village, Chikun LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria, during an attack by suspected armed bandits at Greenfield University. The remaining 14 students were released on 29 May 2021 after one month in captivity. This is Nigeria's fourth kidnapping from an academic institution in 2021, and the fifth since December 2020, coming five weeks and six days after the Afaka kidnapping, in which 39 students were abducted.

Afaka kidnapping
The Afaka kidnapping took place on 11 March 2021, when gunmen attacked Federal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Igabi LGA, in Kaduna State and kidnapped 39 students just weeks after a similar attack in Jangebe, Zamfara State. The abducted comprised 23 females along with 16 males and was carried out late at night. It was the third incident of mass kidnapping from a school in northern Nigeria in 2021.
Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .

Closure (topology)
In topology, the closure of a subset S of points in a topological space consists of all points in S together with all limit points of S. The closure of S may equivalently be defined as the union of S and its boundary, and also as the intersection of all closed sets containing S. Intuitively, the closure can be thought of as all the points that are either in S or "very near" S. A point which is in the closure of S is a point of closure of S. The notion of closure is in many ways dual to the notion of interior.
South Side Elevated Railroad
The South Side Elevated Railroad (originally Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad) was the first elevated rapid transit line in Chicago, Illinois. The line ran from downtown Chicago to Jackson Park, with branches to Englewood, Normal Park, Kenwood, and the Union Stock Yards. The first 3.6 miles (5.8 km) of the line opened on June 6, 1892. Much of its route is still used today as part of the Green Line of the Chicago "L" system.

Green Line (CTA)
The Green Line is a rapid transit line in Chicago, Illinois, operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) as part of the Chicago "L" system. It is the only completely elevated route in the "L" system. All other routes may have various combinations of elevated, subway, street level (at grade), or freeway median sections. This line is also the only route with three terminals: trains departing Harlem/Lake alternate destinations between Ashland/63rd and Cottage Grove.

The Green Line utilizes the system's oldest segments, dating back to 1892. It extends for 20.695 miles (33.305 km), with 31 stations between Oak Park/Forest Park (Harlem/Lake) and Chicago's West Side, to the Loop, and then to the South Side neighborhoods of West Englewood (Ashland/63rd) and Woodlawn (Cottage Grove/63rd).