hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silvio D'Amico
Silvio D'Amico (3 February 1887 – 1 April 1955) was an Italian theatre critic, journalist, and theorist of Italian theatre. Not a Fascist himself, D'Amico was the major theatre critic during the ventennio, i.e. the twenty years  (1922–1945) of Fascist rule in Italy. He was the first editor of the nine-volume Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo (Encyclopedia of Performing Arts), published between 1954 and 1965, that covered theatre, music, cinema, and dance. Most notably, he held an eminent position in theatrical study in Italy, giving his name to the Silvio D'Amico National Academy of Dramatic Art in Rome, Italy's most prestigious drama school.

Accademia Nazionale d'Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico
Accademia Nazionale d'Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico (translation: Silvio d'Amico National Academy of Dramatic Arts)  is a national drama school in Rome, Italy. Founded in 1936 by the theatrical theorist, critic, and writer Silvio D'Amico, the academy is the only state school for the training of actors and directors. Funded jointly by the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities, the Academy grants academic degrees equivalent to Bachelor of Arts as well as master's degrees. Its value comes from being the only school in Italy to be recognized by the Prime Minister / Department of Performing Arts and the Ministry of University and Scientific and Technological Research.
Ariel 3
Ariel 3 (UK 3 or United Kingdom Research Satellite 3) was a satellite in the Ariel programme,  a satellite partnership between the US and UK. Three of the onboard experiments continued research from the first two missions and two experiments were designed for new research topics. It was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 5 May 1967, making it the first satellite of the program to launch from the West coast. Ariel 3 was shut down in September 1969, and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere 14 December 1970.

This was the first artificial satellite designed and constructed in the United Kingdom.

Ariel programme
Ariel was a British satellite research programme conducted between the early 1960s and 1980s. Six satellites were launched as part of the programme, starting with the first British satellite, Ariel 1, which was launched on 26 April 1962, and concluding with the launch of Ariel 6 on 2 June 1979. The launch of Ariel 1 made Britain the third country to have a satellite orbiting the Earth. The first four were devoted to studying the ionosphere, the remaining two to X-ray astronomy and cosmic-ray studies.
Yusof Husain
Muhammad Yusof bin Muhammad Husain (1906–1975) was an aristocrat and civil servant from Brunei. Between 1953 and 1954, he served as a member of the Tujuh Serangkai ("Seven Branches") committee, tasked with gathering feedback from both urban and rural communities on the proposed Bruneian constitution. During the drafting process, the committee provided Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III with invaluable advice and produced a comprehensive report.

Constitutional history of Brunei
Although Brunei attained full independence on 1 January 1984, it was able to establish autonomous government in 1959. According to the Constitution of Brunei, the Sultan of Brunei has a great deal of political authority and can reject the choices made by the Executive Council as long as he justifies it in writing. The Privy Council, which counsels the Sultan on questions of compassion, constitutional modifications, and honorific designations, the Legislative Council, which is supposed to consist of both elected and appointed members, and District Councils were also formed under the constitution. As the head of state and religion, the Sultan Brunei is in charge of the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of government. Brunei is a unitary state with a constitutional monarchy. Islam is the recognised state religion.
Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap
Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap (transl.  Brave Son of India – Maharana Pratap) is an Indian historical fiction series produced by Contiloe Entertainment. It is based on the life of Maharana Pratap, a sixteenth century ruler of Mewar kingdom. It starred Sharad Malhotra, Rachana Parulkar, Faisal Khan and Roshni Walia.

The series premiered on 27 May 2013. Amitabh Bachchan narrated the introductory part of the series in the first episode tracing the background of the Mewar family and their resistance to Foreign Invasions.

The series received positive reviews and won numerous awards and nominations. The final episode of the series aired on 10 December 2015.

Maharana Pratap
Pratap Singh I (18 May 1540 – 19 January 1597), popularly known as Maharana Pratap (IPA: [məɦaːˈɾaːɳaː pɾəˈtaːp] ⓘ), was king of the Kingdom of Mewar, in north-western India in the present-day state of Rajasthan, from 1572 until his death in 1597. He is notable for leading the Rajput resistance against the expansionist policy of the Mughal Emperor Akbar including the battle of Haldighati.
Sultan Dam
The Sultan Mahmud Dam, locally called Band-e Sultan (Dari: بند سلطان), is an embankment dam located on the Ghazni River in the Jaghatu District of Maidan Wardak Province in eastern Afghanistan. It has importance for residents of both Maidan Wardak and neighboring Ghazni Province. Its reservoir has the capacity to irrigate around 10,000 ha (25,000 acres) of agricultural land.

The Sultan Dam was built during the Ghaznavids era in the 10th century, in memory of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. It has the potential to meet electricity needs of 50,000 families.

The barrage collapsed in March 2005, leading to catastrophic flooding of the city of Ghazni, which is located about 30 km (19 mi) to the south. The Sultan Dam attracts many tourists, particularly locals and residents of nearby provinces.

Tourism in Afghanistan
Tourism in Afghanistan is regulated by the Ministry of Information and Culture.

As of 2022, there are at least 350 tourism companies operating in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan was a stop along the Hippie trail from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. Tourism to Afghanistan was at its peak before the 1978 Saur Revolution, which was followed by the decades of warfare.  Between 2013 and 2016, Afghan embassies issued between 15,000 and 20,000 tourist visas annually. In 2014, bookings for adventure trips were doubled in Afghanistan.  Following Taliban's return to power in August 2021, visitor numbers gradually increased from 691 in 2021 to 2,300 in 2022, reaching 7,000 in 2023.
Locked (film)
Locked is a 2025 American psychological thriller film directed by David Yarovesky and written by Michael Arlen Ross. It is a remake of the Argentine film 4x4 (2019).

The plot follows Eddie (Bill Skarsgård), a petty thief and deadbeat dad who breaks into a state-of-the-art SUV, only to be trapped inside and played with by the sadistic owner William (Anthony Hopkins).

Locked was released in the United States on March 21, 2025, by The Avenue. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $4.1 million worldwide.

4x4 (2019 film)
4x4 is a 2019 crime thriller film directed by Mariano Cohn, who co-wrote it with Gastón Duprat. Its premise is similar to that of the 1998 film Captured.

The film stars Peter Lanzani as Ciro, a criminal who breaks into a 4x4 SUV, owned by an obstetrician medic Enrique Ferrari (Dady Brieva), in order to steal the car stereo. The car has a security mechanism that cuts the power, trapping Ciro in the process.
Czechoslovakia at the Olympics
Czechoslovakia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1918, after having competed as Bohemia from 1900 to 1912. The nation sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1984 Games when they were part of the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Czechoslovakia has participated in every Winter Olympic Games since the inaugural Games of 1924.

After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia sent independent teams to the Olympics starting in 1994.

Czechoslovak athletes have won a total of 143 medals at the Summer Games, mostly in gymnastics. The nation also won 25 medals at the Winter Games, with ski jumping and ice hockey as the top medal-producing sports.

Slovakia at the Olympics
Slovakia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then.  Prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Slovak athletes competed for Czechoslovakia at the Olympics.

Slovak athletes have won a total of thirty three medals at the Summer Olympic Games, mostly in slalom canoeing. The nation has also won ten medals at the Winter Olympic Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Slovakia was created in 1992 and recognized in 1993.
London Buses route 15 (Heritage)
London Buses route 15H was a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. It ran between Tower Hill station and Trafalgar Square, and was operated by Stagecoach London subsidiary East London.

It was a short working of the standard route 15 and was the last route operated with preserved AEC Routemasters.

East London (bus company)
East London Bus & Coach Company Limited, trading as Stagecoach London, is a bus company operating in East London and parts of Essex. The East London brand is a subsidiary of Stagecoach London and operates services under contract to Transport for London from seven garages.
Kayla McAlister
Kayla Ahki (née McAlister; born 6 August 1988) is a former New Zealand netball and international rugby sevens player. She played for the Northern Mystics in 2011, and a training partner in 2012, before switching to rugby. She was member of the NZ Women's Rugby Sevens team from 2012 to 2017, during which time the team won the Women's Sevens Series three times, the 2013 World Cup and silver at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. McAlister was named the World Rugby Women's Player of the Year. On an individual level, she was named the world's best rugby sevens player in 2013.

New Zealand women's national rugby sevens team
The New Zealand women's national rugby sevens team represents New Zealand in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Rugby World Cup Sevens, Summer Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games.

The team played for the first time at the 1997 Hong Kong Women's Sevens.

They have won 2 World Cups, 8 Women's Rugby Sevens Series, 4 Oceania Women's Sevens Series, 2 Summer Olympic and 1 Commonwealth tournament.
Vanessa Brady
Vanessa Brady OBE (born 1959) is an English interior designer and businesswoman with commercial interests spanning property, construction, furniture, publishing and academia. As the Founder and owner of the Society of British and International Interior Design (SBID), Brady established the SBID International Design Awards, eSociety magazine and the International Design Yearbook. Vanessa is also one of the three equal shareholders of PopMaster with Ken Bruce and Phil Swern.

Society of British and International Interior Design
The Society of British and International Interior Design (SBID) is the professional organisation and accreditation body to the interior design profession, operating across commercial and residential design sectors.

SBID was founded in 2009 by Vanessa Brady.
Red Hook, Brooklyn
Red Hook is a neighborhood in western Brooklyn, New York City, United States, within the area once known as South Brooklyn. It is located on a peninsula projecting into the Upper New York Bay and is bounded by the Gowanus Expressway and the Carroll Gardens neighborhood on the northeast, Gowanus Canal on the east, and the Upper New York Bay on the west and south. A prosperous shipping and port area in the early 20th century, the area declined in the latter part of the century. Today, it is home to the Red Hook Houses, the largest housing project in Brooklyn.

Red Hook is part of Brooklyn Community District 6, and its primary ZIP Code is 11231. It is patrolled by the 76th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Red Hook is represented by the New York City Council's 38th District.

Red Hook Houses
The Red Hook Houses are two connected public housing complexes located in Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York City. Managed by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA), they comprise the largest housing development in Brooklyn.

The Red Hook Houses are composed of Red Hook East and Red Hook West. Red Hook East is composed of 16 residential buildings and three non-residential buildings with 1,411 total units and roughly 3,000 residents. Red Hook West is composed of 14 residential buildings and one non-residential building with 1,480 total units and roughly 3,300 residents. The buildings are two and six stories tall.
Uno (card game)
Uno (/ˈuːnoʊ/ ⓘ; from Spanish and Italian for 'one'), stylized in all caps as UNO, is a proprietary American shedding-type card game originally developed in 1971 by Merle Robbins in Reading, Ohio, a suburb of Cincinnati, that housed International Games Inc., a gaming company acquired by Mattel on January 23, 1992.

Played with a specially printed deck, the game is derived from the crazy eights family of card games which, in turn, is based on the traditional German game of mau-mau.

Mattel
Mattel, Inc. (/məˈtɛl/ mə-TEL) is an American multinational toy manufacturing and entertainment company headquartered in El Segundo, California. Founded in Los Angeles by Harold Matson and Ruth and Elliot Handler in January 1945, Mattel has a presence in 35 countries and territories. Its products are sold in more than 150 countries.

Mattel is the world's second largest toy maker in terms of revenue, after the Lego Group. Two of Mattel's major brands, Barbie and Hot Wheels, were named the top global toy property and the top-selling global toy of the year for 2020 and 2021 by the NPD Group.
Angelina Love
Lauren Woolard (née Williams; born September 13, 1981) is a Canadian professional wrestler. She is best known for her time in TNA Wrestling under the ring name Angelina Love as part of the stable The Beautiful People. She is signed with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA).

Between ROH and TNA, Love is a seven-time women's world champion, having held TNA Knockouts Championship six times, along with her one-time reign as TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion with Winter. She was also a one-time Women of Honor World Champion while in Ring of Honor (ROH).

Cheerleader Melissa
Melissa Anderson (born August 17, 1982) is an American professional wrestler, better known by her ring name Cheerleader Melissa. She is best known for her work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where she worked as Alissa Flash and Raisha Saeed. She is currently performing on the independent circuit for promotions such as Shimmer Women Athletes, where she is a former two-time Shimmer Champion. In 2013, Anderson was ranked number 1 in Pro Wrestling Illustrated's annual Top 50 Females list.
Everett M. Arnold
Everett M. Arnold (May 20, 1899 – December 1974), also known as Busy Arnold, was an American publisher and an early comic-book entrepreneur whose company Quality Comics published during the 1930s and 1940s period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. He was also instrumental in the publishing arrangement that led to Will Eisner's newspaper Sunday-supplement comics series The Spirit.

Will Eisner
William Erwin Eisner (/ˈaɪznər/ EYEZ-nər; March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an American cartoonist, writer, and entrepreneur. He was one of the earliest cartoonists to work in the American comic book industry, and his series The Spirit (1940–1952) was noted for its experiments in content and form. In 1978, he popularized the term "graphic novel" with the publication of his book A Contract with God. He was an early contributor to formal comics studies with his book Comics and Sequential Art (1985). The Eisner Award was named in his honor and is given to recognize achievements each year in the comics medium; he was one of the three inaugural inductees to the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame.
Lacey Lane
Allyssa Lyn Lane (born May 20, 1988) is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and Ring of Honor (ROH), where she performs under the ring name Lacey Lane and is a member of CRU. She is best known for her time in WWE, where she performed under the ring name Kayden Carter from 2018 to 2025 and (alongside Katana Chance) became a one-time and the longest-reigning NXT Women's Tag Team Champion and one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion. The two also became the first women's tag team to have won the WWE and NXT Women's Tag Team Championships.

Action Andretti
Tyler Reber (born February 1, 1998) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the ring name Action Andretti and is a member of CRU. He also makes appearances for its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH).
Tactic, Guatemala
Tactic (Spanish pronunciation: [taɣˈtik]) is a town and a municipality in the Guatemalan department of Alta Verapaz. It is situated at 1,465 m above sea level. The municipality has a population of 38,052 and covers an area of 102 km². At the 2018 census, the population of the Tactic town was 15,213.  The languages spoken in Tactic are predominantly Spanish, Poqomchiʼ, and Q'eqchi'.

Alta Verapaz
15°30′N 90°20′W﻿ / ﻿15.500°N 90.333°W﻿ / 15.500; -90.333

Alta Verapaz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalta βeɾaˈpas]) is a department in the north central part of Guatemala. The capital and chief city of the department is Cobán. Verapaz is bordered to the north by El Petén, to the east by Izabal, to the south by Zacapa, El Progreso, and Baja Verapaz, and to the west by El Quiché.

Also in Alta Verapaz are the towns of  Chisec, San Pedro Carchá and San Cristóbal Verapaz.
Translation surface
In mathematics a translation surface is a surface obtained from identifying the sides of a polygon in the Euclidean plane by translations. An equivalent definition is a Riemann surface together with a holomorphic 1-form.

These surfaces arise in dynamical systems where they can be used to model billiards, and in Teichmüller theory. A particularly interesting subclass is that of Veech surfaces (named after William A. Veech) which are the most symmetric ones.

William A. Veech
William A. Veech was the Edgar O. Lovett Professor of Mathematics at Rice University until his death.  His research concerned dynamical systems; he is particularly known for his work on interval exchange transformations, and is the namesake of the Veech surface. He died unexpectedly on August 30, 2016 in Houston, Texas.
Sexual sadism disorder
Sexual sadism disorder is the condition of experiencing sexual arousal in response to the pain, suffering or humiliation of other people. Several other terms are used to describe the condition, and it may overlap with other conditions that involve inflicting pain. It is distinct from situations in which consenting individuals use mild or simulated pain or humiliation for sexual excitement. The words sadism and sadist are derived from the French writer and libertine Marquis de Sade, who wrote several novels depicting sexualized torture and violence.

Biastophilia
Biastophilia (from Greek biastes, "rapist" + -philia) and its Latin-derived synonym raptophilia (from Latin rapere, "to seize"), also paraphilic rape, is a paraphilia in which sexual arousal is dependent on, or is responsive to, the act of assaulting an unconsenting person, especially a stranger. Some dictionaries consider the terms synonymous, while others distinguish raptophilia as the paraphilia in which sexual arousal is responsive to actually raping the victim.
Begga
Saint Begga (also Begue, Beghe, Begge) (615 – 17 December 693)  was the daughter of Pepin of Landen, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, and his wife Itta. She is also the grandmother of Charles Martel, who is the grandfather of Charlemagne.

Pepin of Landen
Pepin I (also Peppin, Pipin, or Pippin) of Landen (c. 580 – 21 February 640), also called the Elder or the Old, was the Mayor of the palace of Austrasia under the Merovingian King Dagobert I from 623 to 629. He was also the Mayor for Sigebert III from 639 until his death.
Snowline Joint Unified School District
The Snowline Joint Unified School District (SJUSD) is the school district for part of the Victor Valley in the Mojave Desert and northeastern San Gabriel Mountains, located within San Bernardino County, California.

The district extends into Los Angeles County.

The school district includes all of the Wrightwood, Phelan, and Piñon Hills census-designated places, as well as portions of the municipalities of Hesperia and Victorville and a portion of the Oak Hills CDP. The district has 11 schools, 2 high schools, 3 middle schools, 5 elementary schools and 1 K-8 school.

Phelan, California
Phelan is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California, in the Victor Valley of the Mojave Desert, north of the San Gabriel Mountains. The population was 13,859 in the 2020 census.
Corel
Corel Corporation (/kəˈrɛl/ kə-REL; as an abbreviation for "Cowpland Research Laboratory") is a Canadian software company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, specializing in graphics processing. The company is known for producing software titles such as CorelDRAW, and for acquiring AfterShot Pro, PaintShop Pro, Painter, Video Studio and WordPerfect.

Corel rebranded as Alludo (/əˈluː.doʊ/ ə-LOO-doh) in 2022. This prompted a trademark infringement lawsuit by Alpenspruce Education Solutions Inc., which was settled in March 2025, with Corel subsequently abandoning its U.S. trademark efforts for the Alludo name. Corel operates internationally under different names including Awingu N.V., WinZip Computing LLC, Cascade Parent Ltd., and Parallels International GmbH.

PaintShop Pro
PaintShop Pro (PSP) is a raster and vector graphics editor for Microsoft Windows. It was originally published by Jasc Software. In October 2004, Corel purchased Jasc Software and the distribution rights to PaintShop Pro. PSP functionality can be extended by Photoshop-compatible plugins.

The X-numbered editions have been sold in two versions: PaintShop Pro, which is the basic editing program, and PaintShop Pro Ultimate, which bundles in other standalone programs, additional artistic tools and/or plugins. The particular bundled programs have varied with each numbered version and have not been sold by Corel as separate products.

From release 8.00 onwards PSP came with an interface for automating tasks with scripts written in Python.
Bateman Manuscript Project
The Bateman Manuscript Project was a major effort at collation and encyclopedic compilation of the mathematical theory of special functions. It resulted in the eventual publication of five important reference volumes, under the editorship of Arthur Erdélyi.

Arthur Erdélyi
Arthur Erdélyi FRS, FRSE (2 October 1908 – 12 December 1977) was a Hungarian-born British mathematician. Erdélyi was a leading expert on special functions, particularly orthogonal polynomials and hypergeometric functions.