hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Efren Peñaflorida
Efren Geronimo Peñaflorida, OL (born March 5, 1981), is a Filipino teacher and development worker. He offers Filipino youth an alternative to street gangs through education, recreating school settings in unconventional locations such as cemeteries and trash dumps.

In March 2009, Peñaflorida was featured as a CNN Hero as part of the news network's program to honor individuals who make extraordinary contributions to help others. On November 22, 2009, he was named CNN Hero of the Year.

Order of Lakandula
The Order of Lakandula (Filipino: Orden ni Lakandula) is one of the highest civilian orders of the Philippines, established on September 19, 2003. It is awarded for political and civic merit and in memory of Lakandula’s dedication to the responsibilities of leadership, prudence, fortitude, courage and resolve in the service of one’s people.
Dexter Lawson Jr.
Dexter Lawson Jr. (born November 5, 1999) is an American professional football defensive back for the Orlando Pirates of the Indoor Football League (IFL). He played college football at Central Connecticut and Appalachian State.

Orlando Pirates (IFL)
The Orlando Pirates are a professional indoor football team based in Orlando, Florida, area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The team plays its home games at Kia Center. They began play in the 2018 season as the Massachusetts Pirates and as a member of the National Arena League (NAL).

The Pirates were the first indoor or arena football team to call Lowell home.  Before moving to Lowell, the Pirates were based in Worcester, Massachusetts, and played their home games at the DCU Center.  The Pirates were the third indoor/arena team to call Worcester home, following the Massachusetts Marauders of the Arena Football League (1994) and the New England Surge of the Continental Indoor Football League (2007–2008).  And they are the first team to play in Orlando since the Orlando Predators, who played in the original Arena Football League (1991–2016), the NAL and the failed reboot of the AFL (2024).
Rhodes Boyson
Sir Rhodes Boyson (11 May 1925 – 28 August 2012) was an English educator, author and Conservative Party politician who served as Member of Parliament for Brent North.  He was knighted and made a member of the Privy Council in 1987.

Brent North
Brent North was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1997 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Barry Gardiner of the Labour Party.

Under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the majority of the constituency was incorporated into the new seat of Brent West, with some parts going to the new seat of Brent East and the existing seat of Harrow East.
Daingean
Daingean (/ˈdæŋɡən/; Irish: An Daingean, meaning 'the fort' or Daingean Ua bhFáilghe), formerly Philipstown, named after King Philip II of Spain (then King of Ireland by jure uxoris), is a small town in east County Offaly, Ireland. It is situated midway between the towns of Tullamore and Edenderry on the R402 regional road. The town of Daingean had a population, as of the 2022 census, of 1,223. It is the principal town of the Daingean Catholic Parish. The other main poles of this parish are Ballycommon, Kilclonfert, and Cappincur.

Tullamore
Tullamore (/ˈtʊləˌmɔːr/; Irish: Tulach Mhór, meaning 'great mound') is the county town of County Offaly in Ireland. It is on the Grand Canal, in the middle of the county, and is the fourth most populous town in the Midlands Region, with 15,598 inhabitants at the 2022 census.

The town retained Gold Medal status in the National Tidy Town Awards in 2015 and also played host to the World Sheep Dog Trials in 2005, which attracted international interest in the region. The Tullamore Show is held near the town every year. The town's most famous export is Tullamore Dew – an Irish whiskey distilled by Tullamore Distillery – that can be traced back to 1829. The original distillery was shut down in 1954. The brand was later resurrected, but at first was produced at the Midleton Distillery in County Cork. However, in 2014, the brand's new owners, William Grant & Sons, invested in a new distillery near Tullamore, bringing whiskey production back to the town.
Finnish Institute of International Affairs
The Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA, Finnish: Ulkopoliittinen instituutti, Swedish: Utrikespolitiska institutet, UPI) is a state funded research institute that produces topical information and research on international relations and the European Union. It also publishes the journal Ulkopolitiikka. It is located in Helsinki.

Ulkopolitiikka
Ulkopolitiikka (Finnish: The Finnish Journal of Foreign Affairs) was a Finnish-language magazine of international relations studies published by The Finnish Institute of International Affairs. The quarterly was in circulation from 1961 to 2025. It provided a significant forum on global politics and economics in Finland and is one of the leading magazines in the country.
Allroy Sez
Allroy Sez is the debut album by the American punk rock band All, released in March 1988 through Cruz Records. Following the departure of singer Milo Aukerman from the Descendents, the remaining members—bassist Karl Alvarez, guitarist Stephen Egerton, and drummer Bill Stevenson—recruited singer Dave Smalley and changed the name of the band to All, which was both the title of the Descendents' 1987 album and a philosophical concept invented by Stevenson and friend Pat McCuistion in 1980. Allroy Sez introduced the character of Allroy, who would serve as a mascot for the band and be featured on many of their subsequent album covers.

All (band)
All (stylized ALL) is an American punk rock band originally from Los Angeles, California, currently based in Fort Collins, Colorado. The group was formed by Descendents members Bill Stevenson, Karl Alvarez, and Stephen Egerton.
Cosmological principle
In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is the notion that the spatial distribution of matter in the universe is uniformly isotropic and homogeneous when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act equally throughout the universe on a large scale, and should, therefore, produce no observable inequalities in the large-scale structuring over the course of evolution of the matter field that was initially laid down by the Big Bang.

Isotropy
In physics and geometry, isotropy (from Ancient Greek  ἴσος (ísos) 'equal' and  τρόπος (trópos) 'turn, way') is uniformity in all orientations. Precise definitions depend on the subject area. Exceptions, or inequalities, are frequently indicated by the prefix a- or an-, hence anisotropy. Anisotropy is also used to describe situations where properties vary systematically, dependent on direction. Isotropic radiation has the same intensity regardless of the direction of measurement, and an isotropic field exerts the same action regardless of how the test particle is oriented.
University of Nairobi
The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi) is a collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dates back to 1956, it did not become an independent university until 1970. During that year, the University of East Africa was split into three independent universities: the Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the University of Nairobi in Kenya.

During the 2023 academic year, the university had 49,047 students, of whom 35,897 were undergraduates and 11,003 were postgraduates. The university launched several policy frameworks and introduced self-funded enrollment (also called 'module 2') to cope with the rising demand for higher education in Kenya.

University of East Africa
The University of East Africa was established on 29 June 1963 and served Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in the eastern African Great Lakes region. The university was originally instituted as an independent external college of the University of London. These unversities in East Africa by then gained their right to stand as independent bodies as follows, and their popularly known name emerged:

Kenya: University of Nairobi

Uganda: Makerere University which gained its autonomy of being an independent university offering both undergraduate and postgraduates on 1 July 1970

Tanzania: University of Dar es Salaam. By 1963, it became an independent university after being instituted as the University of London on 25 October 1961 and many faculties started to emerged in the following years of existence.
DOS API
The DOS API is an API which originated with 86-DOS and is used in MS-DOS/PC DOS and other DOS-compatible operating systems.  Most calls to the DOS API are invoked using software interrupt 21h (INT 21h). By calling INT 21h with a subfunction number in the AH processor register and other parameters in other registers, various DOS services can be invoked. These include handling keyboard input, video output, disk file access, program execution, memory allocation, and various other activities. In the late 1980s, DOS extenders along with the DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI) allow the programs to run in either 16-bit or 32-bit protected mode and still have access to the DOS API.

DOS extender
A DOS extender is a computer software program running under DOS that enables software to run in a protected mode environment even though the host operating system is only capable of operating in real mode.

DOS extenders were initially developed in the 1980s following the introduction of the Intel 80286 processor (and later expanded upon with the Intel 80386), to cope with the memory limitations of DOS.
Marjing Polo Complex
The Marjing Polo Complex (Meitei: Ibudhou Marjing Khubham) is a sports complex dedicated to ancient Meitei deity Marjing, Sagol Kangjei (Meitei for 'polo') and Meitei horse (Manipuri pony), built in the hilltop of the Heingang Ching, the sacred abode of God Marjing, located in Heingang, Imphal East district, Kangleipak (Meitei for 'Manipur').
It houses Marjing Polo Statue, the world's tallest equestrian statue of a polo player.

The total area of the Marjing Polo Complex is 23 acres, spreading over the Marjing hills (Meitei: Heingang Ching) with the grazing ground of the Meitei horses covering an area of about four acres.

Sagol kāngjei
Sagol Kangjei (Meitei: ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯩ, romanized: sagol kāngjei, lit. 'horse hockey') (also Sakol Kangchei, Shakol Kangchei, Shagol Kangjei) is a traditional Meitei ball sport played on horseback with a long-handled stick. The sport, also known as Manipuri polo, is a predecessor of modern international polo.
Extraordinary Measures (film)
Extraordinary Measures is a 2010 American medical drama film starring Brendan Fraser, Harrison Ford, and Keri Russell. It was the first film produced by CBS Films, the film division of CBS Corporation, who released the film on January 22, 2010. The film is about parents who form a biotechnology company to develop a drug to save the lives of their children, who have a life-threatening disease. The film is based on the true story of John and Aileen Crowley, whose children have Pompe disease. The film was shot in Oregon, in the cities St. Paul, Portland, Tualatin, Wilsonville, Manzanita, Beaverton, and in Vancouver, Washington.

John Crowley (businessman)
John Francis Crowley (born April 7, 1967) is the President and CEO of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO), the world’s largest biotechnology advocacy organization. He served as the chairman and CEO of Amicus Therapeutics. He co-founded Novazyme Pharmaceuticals with William Canfield, which was later acquired by Genzyme Corporation, and founded Orexigen Therapeutics. In 2006, he was profiled in the book The Cure: How a Father Raised $100 Million – And Bucked the Medical Establishment – In a Quest to Save His Children by Geeta Anand. In 2010, Crowley released his memoir, Chasing Miracles: The Crowley Family Journey of Strength, Hope, and Joy. Crowley and his family were the inspiration for the movie Extraordinary Measures starring Harrison Ford and Brendan Fraser in 2010. Crowley was named CEO of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization in 2023.
Umar Nurmagomedov
Umar Magomednabiyevich Nurmagomedov (Russian: Умар Магомеднабиевич Нурмагомедов; born January 3, 1996) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Nurmagomedov has previously competed in the Eagle Fighting Championship (EFC) and Professional Fighters League (PFL). He is the older brother of former Bellator and current PFL champion Usman Nurmagomedov As of December 9, 2025, he is #2 in the UFC bantamweight rankings.

Eagle Fighting Championship
Eagle Fighting Championship (EFC), commonly referred to as Eagle FC, is a Russian mixed martial arts promotion company established in 2020 by former UFC Lightweight Champion Khabib Nurmagomedov. It was renamed to Eagle Fighting Championship (EFC) after Nurmagomedov bought Gorilla Fighting Championship (GFC) for $1 million.
Hato Rey
Hato Rey (Spanish for ''king’s cattle farm''), often considered the central business district of Puerto Rico, is a highly urbanized financial, commercial, and residential area in San Juan, the capital municipality of the archipelago and island. Located to the immediate south of Santurce barrio in the center of the San Juan metropolitan area and divided into the Hato Rey Norte, Hato Rey Central, and Hato Rey Sur barrios, it is about 3 to 6 miles (4.8 to 9.7 km) from the Old San Juan historic quarter, Condado and Isla Verde resort areas, and SJU airport. Hato Rey is home to the Milla de Oro financial district, José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum, Hiram Bithorn Stadium, Telemundo International television network headquarters, and Plaza Las Américas shopping mall, the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico offices, among others. It was formerly a barrio of the dissolved municipality of Río Piedras, which was merged into San Juan in 1951.

Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Río Piedras (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈrio ˈpjeðɾas])  (Spanish for ''stones river'') is a highly urbanized commercial and residential district in San Juan, the capital municipality of Puerto Rico. Adjacent to the Hato Rey business center and concentrated in the barrios of Pueblo, Universidad, Hato Rey Sur, El Cinco, and Monacillo Urbano, it is about 4 to 7 miles (6.4 to 11.3 km) from the Old San Juan historic quarter, Condado and Isla Verde resort areas, and SJU airport. It has been the home of the main campus of the University of Puerto Rico since 1903, earning the popular name of Ciudad Universitaria (college town). The largest health institution in the archipelago, the Centro Médico de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Medical Center), is also located within its limits. Named after the river that flows through it, the Río Piedras (''stones river''), the district was the downtown center of a former municipality with the same name that was merged into San Juan in 1951.
The Upper Room (paintings)
The Upper Room is an installation of 13 paintings of rhesus macaque monkeys by English artist Chris Ofili in a specially designed room. It was bought by the Tate gallery in 2005 from the Victoria Miro Gallery and was the cause of a media furore after a campaign initiated by the Stuckist art group as Ofili was on the board of Tate trustees at the time of the purchase. In 2006 the Charity Commission censured the Tate for the purchase, but did not revoke it.

Victoria Miro Gallery
The Victoria Miro Gallery is a British contemporary art gallery in London, run by Victoria Miro and (since 1997) her business partner Glenn Scott-Wright. Miro opened her first gallery in 1985 in Cork Street, before moving to larger premises in Islington in 2000 and later opening a second space in St George Street, Mayfair.
St. Luke's International Hospital
St. Luke's International Hospital (聖路加国際病院, Seiruka Kokusai Byōin) is a general and teaching hospital located in the Akashicho district (adjacent to Tsukiji) in Chūō, Tokyo, Japan.

First opened in 1902, as a medical mission facility by the Episcopal Church in the United States, the hospital is now one of central Tokyo's largest and most comprehensive medical care facilities, having played a significant role in advancing medical care, education, and public health in modern Japan. It operates as an adjunct to St. Luke's International University, an affiliated university of the Nippon Sei Ko Kai (Anglican Episcopal Church in Japan).

St. Luke's International University
St. Luke's International University (聖路加国際大学, Seiruka kokusai daigaku) is a private university in Chuo, Tokyo, Japan, formerly called St. Luke's College of Nursing. The school started in 1920 as a high school to educate nurses for the affiliated St. Luke's International Hospital. It was chartered as a three-year college in 1954 and became a four-year college in 1964. In 1980 and 1988 postgraduate doctoral programs were established, including a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) course.
George Cunningham (British politician)
George Cunningham (10 June 1931 – 27 July 2018) was a British politician who is known for introducing an amendment to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum that resulted in the devolution act being repealed even though a majority voted in favour.

1979 Scottish devolution referendum
A post-legislative referendum was held in Scotland in 1979 to decide whether there was a sufficient support for a Scottish Assembly proposed in the Scotland Act 1978 among the Scottish electorate. This was an act to create a devolved deliberative assembly for Scotland. A majority (51.6%) of voters supported the proposal, but an amendment to the Act stipulated that it would be repealed if less than 40% of the total electorate voted in favour. As there was a turnout of 64% the "Yes" vote represented only 32.9% of the registered electorate, and the act was subsequently repealed.

A second referendum to create a devolved legislature in Scotland was held in 1997 under a newly elected Labour government, which led to the enactment of the Scotland Act 1998 and the creation of a devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999.
William Waynflete
William Waynflete (c. 1398 – 11 August 1486), born William Patten, was Headmaster of Winchester College (1429–1441), Provost of Eton College (1442–1447), Bishop of Winchester (1447–1486) and Lord Chancellor of England (1456–1460). He founded Magdalen College, Oxford, and three subsidiary schools, namely Magdalen College School in Oxford, Magdalen College School, Brackley in Northamptonshire and Wainfleet All Saints in Lincolnshire.

Wainfleet All Saints
Wainfleet All Saints is an ancient port, market town and civil parish on the east coast of England, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire,  on the A52 road 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Skegness and 14 miles (23 km) north-east of Boston. It stands on two small rivers, the Steeping and Limb (or Lymn), that form Wainfleet Haven. The town is close to the Lincolnshire Wolds. The village of Wainfleet St Mary is to the south. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1604.
Major Force
Major Force (Clifford Zmeck) is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Major Force is the evil foil personality of the superhero Captain Atom, with both having gained their powers from an experiment overseen by General Wade Eiling. In later appearances, he also serves as an enemy to Green Lantern (Kyle Rayner, Guy Gardner, and Hal Jordan).

Kyle Rayner
Kyle Rayner (/ˈreɪnər/), one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is depicted as being associated with the Green Lantern Corps, an extraterrestrial police force of which he has been a member.

Rayner has been adapted into various media outside comics, including animated series and video games. He has been voiced by Michael P. Greco, Will Friedle, Josh Keaton, and John Rubinow.
Wartislaw II
Wartislaw II (c. 1160 – c. 1184) was a duke of Pomerania-Demmin. He either was a son of Bogislaw I and Walburga of Denmark, or Wartislaw of the Swantiboride sideline of the Griffins, castellan of Szczecin.

Wartislaw II was a son of Bogislaw I, duke of Pomerania-Stettin and his first wife Walburga of Denmark. He was married to Sophia of Poland, yet they had no children. Wartislaw received Pomerania-Demmin after Casimir I of Pomerania-Demmin died in 1180.

This version is challenged by Adolf Hofmeister (1883–1956), who states that he has been confused with the Swantiboride castellan of Szczecin, Wartislaw (Wartislaw Swantiboricz or Swantiboriz), who is known to have been one of the legal guardians of Casimir II, who would be the next duke to rule Pomerania-Demmin.

House of Griffin
The House of Griffin or Griffin dynasty, (German: Greifen; Polish: Gryfici, Danish: Grif; Latin: Gryphes), or House of Pomerania (see § Name of the Dynasty), was a dynasty ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms. Duke Wartislaw I (died 1135) was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania, who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV, who died during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia, Sweden and Poland. Duchess Anna von Croy, daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and the last member of the House of Griffin, died in 1660.
Portland Fire
The Portland Fire are an upcoming American professional basketball team based in Portland, Oregon. The team will compete in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) as a member of the Western Conference; it is scheduled to begin play in May 2026. The team will play its home games at Moda Center. The franchise will be the second WNBA team in the city's history, following the original Portland Fire in the early 2000s.

Portland Fire (2000–2002)
The Portland Fire were a professional basketball team in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) based in Portland, Oregon that joined the league in 2000 as the counterpart to the NBA’s Portland Trail Blazers and played their games at the Rose Garden. The team folded after the 2002 season, its third in the league. They were the only WNBA team that ceased operations without having made the playoffs.
Novikov–Shubin invariant
In mathematics, a Novikov–Shubin invariant, introduced by Sergei Novikov and Mikhail Shubin (1986), is an invariant of a compact Riemannian manifold related to the spectrum of the Laplace operator acting on square-integrable differential forms on its universal cover.

The Novikov–Shubin invariant gives a measure of the density of eigenvalues around zero. It can be computed from a triangulation of the manifold, and it is a homotopy invariant. In particular, it does not depend on the chosen Riemannian metric on the manifold.

Sergei Novikov (mathematician)
Sergei Petrovich Novikov (Russian: Серге́й Петро́вич Но́виков [sʲɪrˈɡʲej pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈnovʲɪkəf]; 20 March 1938 – 6 June 2024) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, noted for work in both algebraic topology and soliton theory. He became the first Soviet mathematician to receive the Fields Medal in 1970.