hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yorkshire and the Humber
Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes. It is one of the three regions covering Northern England, alongside the North West England and North East England regions, and covers the historic and cultural Yorkshire area.

Yorkshire and the Humber is made up of the counties of East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire (excluding areas in the Tees Valley which are instead part of North East England), South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, and the districts of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire that are in the county of Lincolnshire (with the rest of the county being within the East Midlands). The population of Yorkshire and the Humber in 2021 was 5,480,774 with its largest settlements being Leeds, Sheffield, Bradford, Hull, and York.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Lil Lotus
John Elias Villagran III (born March 1, 1994), known professionally as Lil Lotus (stylized as LiL Lotus) is an American rapper and record producer from Dallas, Texas. He has released two solo studio albums, four solo EPs, three collaborative EPs and an additional two EPs as a part of the alternative hip hop group Boyfriendz and three EPs as a member of the post-hardcore band If I Die First.

Beginning his career playing in multiple local Texas metalcore bands, he began an acoustic solo career in 2016 under the name Tremor. After posting a number of songs on SoundCloud he became increasingly influenced by the emerging emo rap scene on the platform, which led to him taking on the Lil Lotus moniker and associating with members and affiliates of GothBoiClique.

Travis Richter
Travis Brandon Richter (born November 3, 1981, in Albany, Georgia) is an American musician, singer and record producer. He is known for being a vocalist and guitarist in the band From First to Last and the lead vocalist of The Color of Violence and The Human Abstract. He is also a record producer (I Set My Friends on Fire, Snails, Lil Zubin, Etc.) and in 2018 cofounded a music venue in Los Angeles, CA called "1720", with Alex Alereza (Nekrogoblikon) and Brett Powell (The Human Abstract).
Betty Cooper
Elizabeth "Betty" Cooper is one of the main characters appearing in American comic books published by Archie Comics. She is the lead guitarist, percussionist and one of the three singers of The Archies. The character was created by Bob Montana and John L. Goldwater, and first appeared in Pep Comics #22 (cover-dated Dec. 1941), on the first page of the first Archie story, serving as a love interest to Archie Andrews.

Betty is in love with Archie, which drives her attempts to win his affections by whatever means possible, and her rivalry with her best friend, the vocalist and keyboardist Veronica Lodge, have been among the longest-running themes in the comics. She is portrayed by Lili Reinhart in Riverdale and Khushi Kapoor in The Archies.

Archie Andrews
Archibald "Archie" Andrews, created in 1941 by publisher John L. Goldwater and artist Bob Montana in collaboration with writer Vic Bloom, is the main character in the Archie Comics franchise, including the long-running Archie Andrews radio series, a syndicated comic strip, The Archie Show, Archie's Weird Mysteries, and Riverdale. With the creation of Archie Andrews, publisher John Goldwater hoped to appeal to fans of the Andy Hardy films starring Mickey Rooney. Archie Andrews is the rhythm guitarist and one of the three singers of the fictional band The Archies. He is portrayed by KJ Apa on Riverdale and Agastya Nanda in The Archies. For his physical appearance, he has red hair, freckles on his cheeks, and light-colored skin. In Archie's Weird Mysteries, he appears to be of Scottish-American descent, as shown in the episode "The Day the Earth Moved", when his father wanted to keep with their family tradition and wear a kilt while ringing the bell of Riverdale.
Tonghua
Tonghua (Chinese: 通化; pinyin: Tōnghuà) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It borders North Korea's Chagang Province to the south and southeast, Baishan to the east, Jilin City to the north, Liaoyuan to the northwest, and Liaoning province to the west and southwest. Its population was 1,812,114 registered residents at the 2020 census living in an area of 15,195 square kilometres (5,867 sq mi). Its built-up (or metro) area made of the two urban districts was home to 446,917 inhabitants. It is known as one of the five medicine production centres in China.

Jilin City
Jilin City is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China. As of the 2020 census, 3,623,713 people resided within its administrative area of 27,166.37 square kilometres (10,488.99 sq mi) and 1,895,865 in its built-up (or metro) area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city, it is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province.

Jilin City is also known as the River City because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games.
Sohaeri Line
The Sŏhaeri Line or Ryongjŏng Line is a closed non-electrified 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow-gauge railway line of the Korean State Railway in South Hwanghae Province, North Korea, running from Ch'ŏlgwang at the junction of the Ŭnnyul and Sŏhae Kammun lines to Ryongjŏng.

Unnyul Line
The Ŭnnyul Line is a non-electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway in the North and South Hwanghae provinces of North Korea, running from Ŭnp'a to Ch'ŏlgwang. It is an important line in economic terms, connecting the agricultural and ore-producing areas of Kwail and Ŭnnyul counties with the rest of the DPRK.

The line connects to the Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line at Ŭnp'a, to the Changyŏn Line at Sugyo, and to the Sŏhae Kammun Line at Ch'ŏlgwang, and formerly connected to the narrow gauge Ryongjŏng Line at Ch'ŏlgwang. The ruling grade is 15‰, the minimum curve radius is 300 m; there are 67 bridges with a total length of 2,515 m (8,251 ft), but only two tunnels with a total length of 200 m (660 ft).
George du Maurier
George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier (French: [dy mɔʁje]; 6 March 1834 – 8 October 1896) was a French-British cartoonist, illustrator, and novelist. He was known for his work in Punch and his 1894 Gothic novel Trilby, featuring the character Svengali.

His son was the actor Sir Gerald du Maurier. The writers Angela du Maurier and Daphne du Maurier and the artist Jeanne du Maurier were all granddaughters of George. He was also father of Sylvia Llewelyn Davies and grandfather of the five boys who inspired J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan.

Gerald du Maurier
Sir Gerald Hubert Edward Busson du Maurier (26 March 1873 – 11 April 1934) was an English actor and manager. He was the son of author George du Maurier and his wife, Emma Wightwick, and the brother of Sylvia Llewelyn Davies. In 1903, he married the actress Muriel Beaumont, with whom he had three daughters: writers Angela du Maurier (1904–2002) and Dame Daphne du Maurier (1907–1989), and painter Jeanne du Maurier (1911–1997). His popularity was due to his subtle and naturalistic acting: a "delicately realistic style of acting that sought to suggest rather than to state the deeper emotions". His Times obituary said of his career: "His parentage assured him of engagements in the best of company to begin with; but it was his own talent that took advantage of them."
Joel Garner
Joel Garner (born 16 December 1952) is a former West Indian cricketer, and a member of the highly regarded late 1970s and early 1980s West Indies cricket teams. Garner is the highest ranked One Day International bowler according to the ICC best-ever bowling ratings, and is 37th in Tests. Garner was a member of the West Indies teams that won their second world title in the 1979 Cricket World Cup as well as finishing as runners-up at the 1983 Cricket World Cup.

In conjunction with fellow fast bowlers Michael Holding, Andy Roberts, Colin Croft, and later Malcolm Marshall and Courtney Walsh, the West Indies reached unprecedented heights in the Test and one-day cricket arenas, not losing a Test series in 15 years.

In 2010, Garner was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.

Andy Roberts (cricketer)
Sir Anderson Montgomery Everton Roberts, KCN (born 29 January 1951) is a former Antiguan first-class cricketer who is considered the father of modern West Indian fast bowling. Roberts played Test cricket for the West Indies, twice taking seven wickets in a Test innings, and was a member of the team that won both the 1975 Cricket World Cup and the 1979 Cricket World Cup respectively, as well as finishing as runners-up at the 1983 Cricket World Cup. Arriving in England in 1972, he played first-class cricket for Hampshire County Cricket Club and then later for Leicestershire County Cricket Club.

Roberts was the first Antiguan to play Test cricket for the West Indies, thus leading the way for many of his famous countrymen including Viv Richards, Richie Richardson, and Curtly Ambrose. In 2009, Roberts was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.
Platt Brothers
Platt Brothers, also known as Platt Bros & Co Ltd, was a British company based at Werneth in Oldham, North West England. The company manufactured textile machinery and were iron founders and colliery proprietors. By the end of the 19th century, the company had become the largest textile machinery manufacturer in the world, employing more than 12,000 workers.

Cotton-spinning machinery
Cotton-spinning machinery is machines which process (or spin) prepared cotton roving into workable yarn or thread. Such machinery can be dated back centuries. During the 18th and 19th centuries, as part of the Industrial Revolution cotton-spinning machinery was developed to bring mass production to the cotton industry. Cotton spinning machinery was installed in large factories, commonly known as cotton mills.
Nick White (racing driver)
Nick White (born July 25, 2006) is an American professional stock car racing driver who currently competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 22 Chevrolet for Drew White Motorsports. He is the son of former racing driver Drew White, who formerly competed in ARCA, as well as the NASCAR Busch Series.

Drew White (racing driver)
Drew White (born December 4, 1966) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and team owner who has previously competed in the NASCAR Busch Series and the ARCA Re/Max Series. He is the father of fellow racing driver Nick White, who has also competed in the now ARCA Menards Series.
Pennsylvania Route 446
Pennsylvania Route 446 (PA 446) is an 13-mile-long (21 km) state highway located in McKean County, Pennsylvania. The southern terminus is at Route 46 in the Keating Township neighborhood of Farmers Valley. The northern terminus is at the New York state line near Portville, New York. Route 446 is mountainous for most of its length and its only street designation is Main Street. PA 446 is part of a family of routes interconnected with PA 46. However, unlike several others, PA 446 does connect to its parent route and PA 346.

PA 446 was assigned in 1928 and used to be part of U.S. Route 6 (US 6) and PA 7.

Pennsylvania Route 346
Pennsylvania Route 346 (PA 346) is a 34.177-mile (55.003 km) state highway located in Warren and McKean counties in Pennsylvania, United States  The western terminus is at the New York state line in the Allegheny National Forest, where it becomes New York State Route 280 (NY 280). The eastern terminus is at an intersection with PA 446 in Eldred. The route is mostly a two-lane road that passes through rural areas in the northern part of McKean County. PA 346 passes through the city of Bradford, where it has a concurrency with the U.S. Route 219 (US 219) freeway.

PA 346 was designated in 1928 between Foster Brook and Eldred. The route was extended to PA 159 in Corydon in 1935 and south along the former PA 159 in 1946. PA 346 was rerouted to its current western terminus when the Allegheny Reservoir was created in the 1960s. The route was moved onto the US 219 freeway in Bradford in 1977.
European Aquatics Challenger Cup
The European Aquatics Challenger Cup is a water polo club competition organised by the European Aquatics. It acts as the fourth tier, below the European Aquatics Champions League, European Aquatics Euro Cup and the European Aquatics Conference Cup. GS Apollon Smyrnis of Greece became the first champions, defeating CN Terrassa of Spain in the final. From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Challenger Cup.

European Aquatics Conference Cup
The European Aquatics Conference Cup is a water polo club competition organised by the European Aquatics. It acts as the third tier, below the European Aquatics Champions League and the European Aquatics Euro Cup.
Catherine Howard
Catherine Howard (c. 1523 – 13 February 1542) was Queen of England from July 1540 until November 1541 as the fifth wife of King Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Lord Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper, a first cousin to Anne Boleyn (the second wife of Henry VIII), and the niece of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. Thomas Howard was a prominent politician at Henry's court. He secured her a place in the household of Henry's fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, where Howard caught the King's interest. She married him on 28 July 1540 at Oatlands Palace in Surrey, just 19 days after the annulment of his marriage to Anne. Henry was 49, and it is widely accepted that Catherine was about 17 at the time of her marriage to him.

Catherine was stripped of her title as queen in November 1541 and beheaded three months later on the grounds of treason for committing adultery with her distant cousin, Thomas Culpeper.

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, PC (10 March 1473 – 25 August 1554) was an English politician and nobleman of the Tudor era. He was an uncle of two of the wives of King Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, both of whom were beheaded, and played a major role in the machinations affecting these royal marriages. After falling from favour in 1546, Norfolk was stripped of his dukedom and imprisoned in the Tower of London, avoiding execution when Henry VIII died on 28 January 1547.

He was released on the accession of the Roman Catholic Queen Mary I, whom he aided in securing the throne, thus setting the stage for tensions between his Catholic family and the Protestant royal line that would be continued by Mary's half-sister, Elizabeth I.
Ýaňyajy
Ýaňyajy, formerly known as "Ýaşyl baýdak" or "Yangadzha" (in Russian: "Янгаджа"), which is pronounced similarly, is a village in Türkmenbaşy District, Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. The village is subordinate to the town of Türkmenbaşy. In 2022, it had a population of 970 people.

Served by a train station and an airfield, the village is highly militarized.

Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi
Türkmenbaşy, formerly known as Jaňga, is a town and the administrative center of Türkmenbaşy District, Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. The town is located on the Caspian Sea coast, east of the city of Türkmenbaşy, with which it should not be confused. In 2022, it had a population of 7,334 people.
International Protein Index
The International Protein Index (IPI) is a defunct protein database launched in 2001 by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), and closed in 2011. Its purpose was to provide the proteomics community with a resource that enables

accession numbers from a variety of bioinformatics databases to be mapped

a complete set of proteins for a species i.e. a reference set

In its last version, the IPI contained the complete reference sets for six animal species: Homo sapiens (human), Mus musculus (mouse), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Bos taurus (cattle), Gallus gallus (chicken) and Danio rerio (zebrafish); and one plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). The human, mouse and rat datasets were the first to be developed, combining information taken from the Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, Ensembl and RefSeq databases.

UniProt
UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature. It is maintained by the UniProt consortium, which consists of several European bioinformatics organisations and a foundation from Washington, DC, US.
Tahirid Sultanate
The Tahirid Sultanate or Tahirid dynasty (Arabic: بنو طاهر, romanized: Banū Ṭahir) were a Muslim dynasty that ruled Yemen from 1454 to 1517. They succeeded the Rasulid Dynasty and were themselves replaced by the Mamluks of Egypt after only 63 years in power.

Rasulid dynasty
The Rasulid dynasty or Rasulids (Arabic: بنو رسول, romanized: Banū Rasūl) were a Sunni Yemeni dynasty who ruled Yemen from 1229 to 1454. Generally seen as Oghuz Turkic in origin, their chronicles claimed Arab Ghassanid descent.
Column (formation)
In military terminology, a column is a tactical formation of fighters moving together in one or more files in which the file is significantly longer than the width of ranks in the formation. The column formation allows the unit rapid movement and a very effective charge (due to weight of numbers), and it can quickly form square to resist cavalry attacks, but by its nature only a fraction of its muskets are able to open fire.

The line formation offers a substantially larger musket frontage than the column, allowing for greater shooting capability, but requires extensive training to allow the unit to move over ground as one while retaining the line. It is also applied by modern armies to vehicles, troops and naval vessels.

Infantry square
An infantry square, also known as a hollow square or square formation, was a musket-era historic close order formation used in combat by infantry units, usually when threatened with cavalry attack. To deploy its weapons effectively, a traditional infantry unit would generally form a line; but the line was vulnerable to more nimble cavalry, which could sweep around the end of the line, or burst through it, and then attack the undefended rear or simply sweep along the line attacking the individual footsoldiers successively. By arranging the unit so that there was no undefended rear or flank, an infantry commander could organise an effective defense against cavalry attack. With both the development of modern repeating firearms and the demise of cavalry in warfare, the square formation is considered obsolete and is effectively never used in modern day warfare.
Strict conditional
In logic, a strict conditional (symbol: , or ⥽) is a conditional governed by a modal operator, that is, a logical connective of modal logic. It is logically equivalent to the material conditional of classical logic, combined with the necessity operator from modal logic. For any two propositions p and q, the formula p → q says that p materially implies q while  says that p strictly implies q.  Strict conditionals are the result of Clarence Irving Lewis's attempt to find a conditional for logic that can adequately express indicative conditionals in natural language. They have also been used in studying Molinist theology.

Material conditional
The material conditional (also known as material implication) is a binary operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol  is interpreted as material implication, a formula  is true unless  is true and  is false.

Material implication is used in all the basic systems of classical logic as well as some nonclassical logics. It is assumed as a model of correct conditional reasoning within mathematics and serves as the basis for commands in many programming languages. However, many logics replace material implication with other operators such as the strict conditional and the variably strict conditional. Due to the paradoxes of material implication and related problems, material implication is not generally considered a viable analysis of conditional sentences in natural language.
McNulty
McNulty is an Irish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic Mac an Ultaigh meaning "son of the Ulsterman". Usually considered a branch of the Ulaid ruling dynasty of Mac Duinnshléibhe (MacDonlevy), a branch of Dál Fiatach, who fled Ulaid to Ailech after the former's conquest in 1177 by the Normans. DNA analysis points to descent from other Ulaid families as well. After the Battle of Kinsale in 1602, some McDonlevys and McNultys migrated to the province of Connacht where their name is now also common.

Donlevy
Donlevy, Dunlevy, Donleavy and Dunleavy are Irish surnames derived from the Gaelic Mac Duinnshléibhe/Ó Duinnshléibhe 'son/descendant of Donn Sléibhe'; a given name meaning 'Donn of the mountain', i.e. 'dark mountain'. The MacDonlevys were the hereditary rulers of Dál Fiatach and styled as the Kings of Ulaid, i.e. rulers of (east) Ulster, in present-day County Down.
St Paul's College, Adelaide
St Paul's College is a Catholic primary and secondary school founded in 1958, located in Gilles Plains, in the north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. One of three schools founded and formerly run in South Australia (along with Christian Brothers College, Adelaide and Rostrevor College), by the Christian Brothers, the school has been a member of EREA since 2007.

Christian Brothers College, Adelaide
Christian Brothers College (CBC) is a private Catholic school in Adelaide, South Australia. It was founded by a group of Irish Christian Brothers in 1878. It is now one of three Christian Brothers schools in the state, along with St Paul's College, Adelaide and Rostrevor College. Like the other colleges, the influence of the original Christian Brothers has waned, and it is now administered by EREA. The last brother left the school in 2007.

CBC is predominantly a secondary school, although it has a primary school campus, with a combined student population of approximately 970 (as of 2024).
Saint John's School of Alberta
Saint John's School of Alberta (SJSA) was a small private boys' boarding school in Genesee, Alberta, Canada which operated from 1968 to 2008, the second of three such schools founded on conservative Anglican ideas and the notion that children were not challenged by present-day society. It closed in June 2008. Ted Byfield was one of the school's founders.

The school provided a strict, traditional education with corporal punishment and an extensive outdoor program that included snowshoeing, hiking, canoeing, ice hockey, lacrosse and other rigorous and challenging activities.

Two other 'Saint John's Schools' had already closed. They were Saint John's Cathedral Boys' School in Selkirk, Manitoba (near Winnipeg), and Saint John's School of Ontario (Toronto area).

Saint John's Cathedral Boys' School
Saint John's Cathedral School (SJCS) was a private Anglican boarding school for boys named for the Saint John's Cathedral in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, out of whose youth program it had emerged". It was the first in a series of schools, operated from 1958 until 2008, by an Anglican lay religious order called the Company of the Cross.