hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chattr
chattr is the command in Linux that allows a user to set certain attributes of a file. lsattr is the command that displays the attributes of a file.

Most BSD-like systems, including macOS, have always had an analogous chflags command to set the attributes, but no command specifically meant to display them; specific options to the ls command are used instead. The chflags command first appeared in 4.4BSD.

Solaris has no commands specifically meant to manipulate them. chmod and ls are used instead.

Other Unix-like operating systems, in general, have no analogous commands. The similar-sounding commands chatr (from HP-UX) and lsattr (from AIX) exist but have unrelated functions.

Among other things, the chattr command is useful to make files immutable so that password files and certain system files cannot be erased during software upgrades.

Chmod
chmod is a shell command for changing access permissions and special mode flags of files (including special files such as directories). The name is short for change mode where mode refers to the permissions and flags collectively.

The command originated in AT&T Unix version 1 and was exclusive to Unix and Unix-like operating systems until it was ported to other operating systems such as Windows (in UnxUtils) and IBM i.

In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, a system call with the same name as the command, chmod(), provides access to the underlying access control data. The command exposes the capabilities of the system call to a shell user.

As the need for enhanced file-system permissions grew, access-control lists were added to many file systems to augment the modes controlled via chmod.

The implementation of chmod bundled in GNU coreutils was written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.
Devsisters
Devsisters Corporation (Korean: 데브시스터즈 주식회사; logo stylized as DEVSISTERS) is a South Korean company focusing on manufacturing and developing mobile entertainment and gaming apps founded in 2007. Currently, Devsisters is widely known as the developer of Cookie Run, using popular instant messaging platforms, such as KakaoTalk and LINE.

Cookie Run
Cookie Run (Korean: 쿠키런; RR: Kukileon, stylized in CamelCase) is a series of online mobile endless running games developed by Devsisters. Inspired by the classic folk tale The Gingerbread Man, the series is set in a world of conscious gingerbread cookies that were brought to life in an oven by a witch and have since escaped her evil clutches. Each game has a mechanic of the cookies running to earn points and items, overcome obstacles, and fight or escape enemies.  The series is available on iOS and Android devices.
Artyom Novichonok
Artyom Olegovich Novichonok (Russian: Артём Олегович Новичонок; born 27 March 1988 in Kondopoga, Soviet Union (now Russia) is a Russian astronomer. Since 2009, the Minor Planet Center credits him with several minor planets, co-discovered in collaboration with astronomers Dmitry Chestnov, Vladimir Gerke and Leonid Elenin at the American Tzec Maun Observatory (H10) in Mayhill, New Mexico, and the Russian Ka-Dar Observatory (C32), TAU Station, in Nizhny Arkhyz, respectively.

He also discovered the periodic comet P/2011 R3 (Novichonok) in 2011, and he was part of the group that discovered the hyperbolic Comet ISON in September 2012, with Vitaly Nevsky at Kondopoga, Russia.

Comet ISON
Comet ISON, formally known as C/2012 S1, was a sungrazing comet from the Oort cloud which was discovered on 21 September 2012 by Vitaly Nevsky (Віталь Неўскі, Vitebsk, Belarus) and Artyom Novichonok (Артём Новичонок, Kondopoga, Russia).
Mer Island, Queensland
Mer Island (also known as Murray Island or Maer Island) is a locality and island in Murray Island Group of the Torres Strait Island Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Mer Island had a population of 406 people.

The town is on the island's northwest coast. The island is of volcanic origin, the most easterly inhabited island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, just north of the Great Barrier Reef. The name Meer/Mer/Maer comes from the native Meriam language. The island is populated by the Melanesian Meriam people. There are eight tribes on Mer: Komet, Zagareb, Meuram, Magaram, Geuram, Peibri, Meriam-Samsep, Piadram/Dauer. The island's organisation is based on traditional laws of boundary and ownership.

Meriam language
Meriam (Meriam Mir: Meriam Mìr; also Miriam, Meryam, Mer, Mir, Miriam-Mir, etc. and Eastern, Isten, Esten and Able Able) or the Eastern Torres Strait language is the language of the people of the small islands of Mer (Murray Island), Waier and Dauar, Erub (Darnley Island), and Ugar (Stephens Island) in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. In the Western Torres Strait language, Kalaw Lagaw Ya, it is called Mœyam or Mœyamau Ya. It is the only Papuan language in Australian territory.
Modern and Humanist France
Modern and Humanist France (France moderne et humaniste) is a recognized movement within the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). It was created in August 2012 and it is led by Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Luc Chatel, Jean Leonetti and Marc Laffineur.

Luc Chatel
Luc-Marie Chatel (French: [lyk maʁi ʃatɛl]) (born 15 August 1964) is a French politician of the Republicans (LR) who served as Minister of National Education in the government of Prime Minister François Fillon from June 2009 to May 2012. In 2014, he served as the acting chair of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).

Also, Chatel served as the Secretary of state for Consumer Affairs and Tourism from June 2007 to March 2008, and Government's Spokesman from June 2009 until November 2010.
Unión Magdalena
Unión Magdalena (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈnjom maɣðaˈlena]) commonly known as El Unión, and nicknamed as El Ciclón Bananero (The Banana Cyclone) and also Los Samarios (The Samarios), is a Colombian football club from the city of Santa Marta, capital of the department of Magdalena, founded on April 19 1953. They compete in the Categoría Primera A, the first division of the Colombian football league system.

The club's home ground is the Estadio Sierra Nevada, since 2018.

Founded on 10 March 1951 as Deportivo Samarios, the club was re-founded as Unión Magdalena on 19 April 1953. The original playing squad was largely composed of Hungarians who were touring Colombia when their club, the Hungaria FbC Roma, was disbanded.

Magdalena Department
Magdalena (Spanish pronunciation: [maɣðaˈlena]) is a department of Colombia, located in the north of the country by the Caribbean Sea, with more than 1.3 million people. The capital of the Magdalena Department is Santa Marta and was named after the Magdalena River. The department inherited the name of one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia that its current territory integrated.
Cocentaina
Cocentaina (Valencian: [kosenˈtajna]; Spanish: [koθenˈtajna]) is a locality and municipality in the comarca of Comtat, in the province of Alicante, Spain. The village is located between the mountainous Serra de Mariola national park and the Serpis river. Cocentaina is conveniently situated for both road and mountain biking. Many of the roads are used for training by professional teams (Astana have been seen regularly), and several roads have been used by the Vuelta a España.

The economy of Cocentaina is chiefly based on the textile industry.

Serra Mariola Natural Park
The Serra Mariola Natural Park (Valencian: Parc Natural de la Serra de Mariola, Spanish: Parque Natural de la Sierra de Mariola) is a mountain range in the Valencian Community, Spain, one of the most peripheral offsprings of the Baetic System. Most of its territory is included in a natural park founded in 2002, covering an area of 17,257 ha. The park is surrounded by the towns of Cocentaina and Bocairent and the cities of Ontinyent and Alcoi.

It has a rectangular shape and altitudes higher than 1,000 metres, the highest peak being the Montcabrer, at 1,389 metres high. To the north the Benicadell Mountain Range has a peak bearing the same name and is 1,104 metres high. The Serra is predominantly composed of limestone. The climate is largely Mediterranean.

Covering these mountain ranges are some 200 or more different aromatic and medicinal plants with hundreds of different trees, which include a variety of yew unique to this area.
Keio University Hospital
Keio University Hospital (慶應義塾大学病院, Keio Gijuku Daigaku Byouin) is an academic health science centre and tertiary referral hospital located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. The hospital is part of the Keio University.

Keio University
Keio University (Japanese: 慶應義塾大学, Hepburn: Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It was originally established as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo. It was granted university status in 1920, becoming one of the first private universities in the country.

Keio University is also one of the member universities of RU11 and APRU, and it is one of two Japanese universities (alongside the University of Tokyo) to be a member of the World Economic Forum's Global University Leaders Forum.
Dixie-Narco (EP)
Dixie-Narco is an extended play (EP) by Scottish rock band Primal Scream, released on 27 January 1992 through Creation Records. Its lead track is "Movin' On Up", originally released on the Screamadelica album. This was the only official Primal Scream release to contain the song "Screamadelica" (which was recorded during sessions for the Screamadelica album) until the song appeared on the 20th anniversary edition of the Screamadelica album.

The remaining two tracks were recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis during November 1991. 'Carry Me Home' was originally written by Dennis Wilson for The Beach Boys' 1973 album Holland, although it was not included on that album.

Screamadelica
Screamadelica is the third studio album by Scottish dance band Primal Scream. It was first released on 23 September 1991 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and on 8 October 1991 in the United States by Sire Records. The album marked a significant departure from the band's early indie rock sound, drawing inspiration from the blossoming house music scene and associated drugs such as LSD and MDMA. Much of the album's production was handled by acid house DJ Andrew Weatherall and engineer Hugo Nicolson, who remixed original recordings made by the band into dance-oriented tracks.

Screamadelica, featuring Manchester-born singer Denise Johnson, was the band's first album to be a commercial success, peaking at number eight on the UK Albums Chart upon its release. It received wide praise from critics, and has been frequently named one of the best albums of the 1990s in various polls. It won the first Mercury Music Prize in 1992 and has sold over three million copies worldwide.
Glenn Doyle
Glenn Doyle (born 3 March 1965 in Sydney, New South Wales) is a retired Australian Motorcycle speedway rider. Doyle is a twice Australian Champion and won the Western Australian Championship in his adopted state on six occasions. He earned 20 caps for the Australia national speedway team.

Western Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The Western Australian Individual Speedway Championship is a Motorcycle speedway championship held annually in Western Australia to determine the WA State champion. The event is organised by the Speedway Motorcycle Club of WA and is sanctioned by Motorcycling Australia (MA).
Marco Goldschmied
Marco Lorenzo Sinnott Goldschmied PPRIBA (28 March 1944 – 7 July 2022) was a British architect best known as co-founder and managing director of Richard Rogers Partnership. He was latterly involved with running the Marco Goldschmied Foundation and was a president of the Royal Institute of British Architects. In 1998, he founded the Stephen Lawrence Prize alongside Doreen Lawrence, in association with the RIBA.

RSHP
RSHP is a British architectural firm, founded in 1977 and previously known as the Richard Rogers Partnership which became Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners in 2007. The firm rebranded from Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners to simply RSHP on 30 June 2022, after the retirement and subsequent
death of Richard Rogers on 18 December 2021. Its main offices are located in the Leadenhall Building, London, completed to the firm's designs in 2014. Previously, they were at the Thames Wharf Studios. In its various incarnations RSHP has designed many important buildings including the Lloyd's building and the Millennium Dome in London and the Senedd building in Cardiff.
Fire Island Lighthouse
The Fire Island Lighthouse is a visible landmark on the Great South Bay, in southern Suffolk County, New York, on the western end of Fire Island, a barrier island off the southern coast of Long Island. The lighthouse is located within Fire Island National Seashore and just to the east of Robert Moses State Park. It is part of the Fire Island Light Station which contains the light, keepers quarters, the lens building containing the original first-order Fresnel lens, and a boat house.

Robert Moses State Park
Robert Moses State Park is a 875-acre (3.54 km2) state park in southern Suffolk County, New York. The park lies on the western end of Fire Island, one of the central barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island, and is known for its five-mile (8.0 km) stretch of beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. The park is accessible from Long Island by the Robert Moses Causeway across Great South Bay.

Established as Fire Island State Park in 1908, the park is the oldest state park on Long Island. It was renamed to honor Robert Moses, the influential mid-20th century urban planner and former president of the Long Island State Park Commission. Recently, lawmakers have suggested the park should revert to its previous name or to something that better reflects its location.
Christmas Together (The Piano Guys album)
Christmas Together is the seventh studio album by American musical group The Piano Guys. Released on October 27, 2017, by Portrait (a division of Sony Masterworks), the album reached number 27 on the US Billboard 200. It also topped the Billboard Classical, New Age, and Holiday albums charts. The video for "Angels from the Realms of Glory" broke the largest live nativity world record, with 1,039 people attending.

The Piano Guys
The Piano Guys is an American musical group consisting of pianist Jon Schmidt, cellist Steven Sharp Nelson, videographer Paul Anderson, and music producer Al van der Beek. Originating in Utah, they gained popularity through YouTube, where in 2011 they began posting piano and cello compositions combining classical, pop, film score and original music, showcased through elaborate or cinematic videos. As of March 2020 the group had surpassed 2 billion views on their YouTube channel and had 6.7 million subscribers. Their first eight major-label studio albums, The Piano Guys, The Piano Guys 2, A Family Christmas, Wonders, Uncharted, Christmas Together, Limitless, and 10, each reached number one on Billboard Classical Albums or New Age Albums charts.
Blind electric ray
The blind electric ray (Typhlonarke aysoni) is a little-known species of sleeper ray in the family Narkidae, endemic to New Zealand. It is found on the bottom, typically at a depth of 300–400 m (980–1,310 ft). Reaching 38 cm (15 in) in length, this species has a thin, nearly circular pectoral fin disc without visible eyes, and a short tail with a single dorsal fin. Its pelvic fins are divided in two, with the anterior portion forming a limb-like appendage; in males the claspers do not extend past the disc margin. A weak swimmer, the blind electric ray likely pushes itself along using its pelvic fins. It is known to feed on polychaete worms, and can defend itself with an electric shock. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not have enough information to assess the conservation status of this species.

Narkidae
Members of the family Narkidae are commonly known as sleeper rays. They are restricted to the temperate and tropical Indo-West Pacific from South Africa to Japan to Indonesia, and are exclusively marine and are absent from freshwater habitats. They occur from the intertidal zone to the continental shelf and the upper continental slope to a depth of 350 meters, favoring soft-bottomed habitats.
Volkhov (river)
The Volkhov (/ˈvɔːlxɒv/ VAWL-khov; Russian: Волхов [ˈvoɫxəf]; Veps: Olhav) is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Kirishsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia. The Volkhov, which forms part of the basin of the Neva, is the only outflow of Lake Ilmen, and connects it with Lake Ladoga. The length of the Volkhov is 224 kilometres (139 mi), and the area of its drainage basin is 80,200 square kilometres (31,000 sq mi). The city of Veliky Novgorod, the towns of Kirishi, Volkhov and Novaya Ladoga, and the historically important village of Staraya Ladoga are located along the Volkhov.

Staraya Ladoga
Staraya Ladoga (Russian: Ста́рая Ла́дога, romanized: Stáraya Ládoga, [ˈstarəjə ˈladəɡə]), known as Ladoga until 1704, is a rural locality (a selo) in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near Lake Ladoga, 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) north of the town of Volkhov, the administrative center of the district.

It used to be a prosperous trading outpost in the 8th and 9th centuries. During this period, it was known to the Norse as Aldeigjuborg. It was dominated by Varangians who became known as the Rus'. For that reason, Staraya Ladoga is sometimes called the first capital of Russia; it is also regarded as one of the original centers from which the name Rus' spread to other territories inhabited by the East Slavs.
Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar
Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar (Arabic: جامعة كارنيجي ميلون في قطر) is a satellite campus of Carnegie Mellon University in Education City, Doha, Qatar. This campus is a member of the Qatar Foundation and started graduating students in May 2008. It enrolls over 400 students, has 60 faculty and postdoctoral researchers, and 90 staff members.

Education City
Education City is an educational and research hub located in Al Rayyan Municipality in the Doha Metropolitan Area of Qatar. Developed by the Qatar Foundation, it was established by Moza bint Nasser, one of the consorts of Qatar's former ruler Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and the current ruler's mother, to advance education, research, and innovation in the region. Spanning 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi), the property houses various educational facilities, including satellite campuses of eight international universities.
Scotford Upgrader
The Shell Scotford Upgrader is an oilsand upgrader, a facility which processes crude bitumen from oil sands into a wide range of synthetic crude oils. The upgrader is owned by Athabasca Oil Sands Project (AOSP), a joint venture of Shell Canada Energy (60%), Marathon Oil Sands L.P. (20%) and Chevron Canada Limited (20%).  The facility is located in the industrial development of Scotford, just to the northeast of Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta in the Edmonton Capital Region.

Shell Canada
Shell Canada Limited (French: Shell Canada Limitée) is the principal Canadian subsidiary of British energy major Shell plc and one of Canada's largest integrated oil companies. Exploration and production of oil, natural gas and sulphur is a major part of its business, as well as the marketing of gasoline and related products through the company's approximately 1,800 stations across Canada.

After a global reorganization by the European parent, Shell's North American operations are controlled by Shell Energy North America, which is headquartered in Houston, Texas. Shell Energy North America's Canadian operational unit, Shell Canada, maintains a regional corporate office in Calgary, Alberta. Shell Canada also maintains a major office in Toronto, Ontario.
Michael Hatt
Michael Hatt (born 1960) is professor of art history at the University of Warwick. He has served there since 2007, before which he was head of research at the Yale Center for British Art. He is the author with Charlotte Klonk of Art History: A Critical Introduction to Its Methods (2006), and editor with Morna O'Neill of The Edwardian Sense: Art, Design, and Performance in Britain, 1901–1910 (2010). In 2014, he co-curated Sculpture Victorious: Art in an Age of Invention, 1837–1901, an exhibition at the Yale Center for British Art that transferred to Tate Britain in 2015.

Charlotte Klonk
Charlotte Klonk is a German art historian. Klonk is most notable for her work on English landscape art in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, as well as for her work on museum interiors, particularly the white cube. She is currently a professor of art history at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
Del Close
Del Close (March 9, 1934 – March 4, 1999) was an American actor, writer, and teacher who coached many of the best-known comedians and comic actors of the late twentieth century.  In addition to an acting career in television and film, he was one of the influences on modern improvisational theater. Close was co-founder of the ImprovOlympic (iO).

IO Theater
iO, or iO Chicago, (formerly known as ImprovOlympic) is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago. The theater teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy. It was founded in 1981 by Del Close and Charna Halpern. The theater has many notable alumni, including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert.

The iO Theater formerly had a branch in Los Angeles called iO West (1997-2018), and in Raleigh, North Carolina called iO South. The Chicago center closed briefly in 2020, but reopened on November 3, 2022.
Kowloon station (MTR)
Kowloon is a station on the Tung Chung line and the Airport Express of Hong Kong's MTR. It is one of the two Airport Express stations providing in-town check-in services for passengers departing from Hong Kong International Airport and free shuttle bus services to most major hotels in the Tsim Sha Tsui and Yau Ma Tei areas.

The station is located less than two hundred meters west of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong section West Kowloon Terminus, five hundred meters west of Austin on the Tuen Ma line and a kilometre west of Jordan station on the Tsuen Wan line.

Escalators link Elements directly with the station concourse.

Elements, Hong Kong
Elements (stylised as ELEMENTS) is a large shopping mall located 
at Union Square, on 1 Austin Road West, West Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is developed and managed by MTR Corporation through its subsidiary Premier Management Service.
Bomb Power Indicator
Bomb Power Indicator, also known by the acronym BPI, was an instrument built to detect nuclear explosions and measure the peak overpressure of their blast waves. It was used at the twenty five British Royal Observer Corps (ROC) controls and nearly 1,500 ROC underground monitoring posts, across the United Kingdom during the Cold War.

Royal Observer Corps
The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation intended for the visual detection, identification, tracking and reporting of aircraft over Great Britain. It operated in the United Kingdom between 29 October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). Composed mainly of civilian spare-time volunteers, ROC personnel wore a Royal Air Force (RAF) style uniform and latterly came under the administrative control of RAF Strike Command and the operational control of the Home Office. Civilian volunteers were trained and administered by a small cadre of professional full-time officers under the command of the Commandant Royal Observer Corps; latterly a serving RAF Air Commodore.