hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gun Lake Trust Land Reaffirmation Act
The Gun Lake Trust Land Reaffirmation Act (S. 1603) is an act of Congress that reaffirmed the status of lands taken into trust by the Department of the Interior (DOI) for the benefit of the Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians in the state of Michigan.

The bill was introduced and passed during the 113th United States Congress and became federal law on September 26, 2014 when signed by President Barack Obama. In 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States affirmed the law's constitutionality in Patchak v. Zinke.

Patchak v. Zinke
Patchak v. Zinke, 583 U.S. ___ (2018), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the Gun Lake Trust Land Reaffirmation Act, which precludes federal courts from hearing lawsuits involving a particular parcel of land. Although six Justices agreed that the Gun Lake Act was constitutional, they could not agree on why. In an opinion issued by Justice Thomas, a plurality of the Court read the statute to strip federal courts of jurisdiction over cases involving the property and held that this did not violate Article Three of the United States Constitution. In contrast, Justices Ginsburg and Sotomayor, both of whom concurred in the judgment, upheld the Act as a restoration of the government's sovereign immunity. Chief Justice Roberts, writing for himself and Justices Kennedy and Gorsuch, dissented on the ground that the statute intruded on the judicial power, in violation of Article III.
Chafford Hundred
Chafford Hundred, or simply Chafford, is a housing development and suburb in the town of Grays in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. Chafford Hundred is north-west of Grays Town Centre.

Its railway station serves the area and Lakeside Shopping Centre.

Lakeside Shopping Centre is in West Thurrock. Chafford Hundred was built on parts of the historical parishes of Stifford and West Thurrock, Mill Lane being the border of the respective historical parishes. It is located directly between North Stifford and South Stifford.

Chafford Hundred railway station
Chafford Hundred railway station, also known as Chafford Hundred Lakeside station, is located on a single-track branch line of the London, Tilbury and Southend line, serving the area of Chafford Hundred as well as Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex. It is 20 miles 77 chains (33.7 km) down the line from London Fenchurch Street via Upminster; it is situated between Ockendon and Grays. Its three-letter station code is CFH.

The station has a single platform and was opened on 26 May 1995 by Fatima Whitbread for Railtrack. Today, all passenger train services are operated by c2c, which also manages the station. Although outside the London fare zones 1 to 6, the station became part of the Oyster card pay-as-you-go network in 2010. It is the busiest single-platform station in the UK.
London Underground 2024 Stock
The London Underground 2024 Stock, officially known as 2024 Tube Stock, and known during development as the New Tube for London (NTfL), is a type of London Underground rolling stock built by Siemens Mobility at its facilities in Goole, United Kingdom and Vienna, Austria. It is part of the Siemens Inspiro family of metro and rapid-transport trains.

An initial batch of 94 nine-car trains has been ordered at a cost of £1.5 billion to replace 1973 Stock trains on the Piccadilly line, with options for a total of 250 trains allowing replacement of all existing trains on the deep-level Central, Waterloo & City and Bakerloo lines. The first train was delivered for testing in London in October 2024. The trains are due to enter service between December 2026 and June 2027. The trains are planned to be operated by a train driver, with future potential for driverless operation.

Siemens Mobility
Siemens Mobility GmbH is a division of Siemens that specializes in rail transport. With its global headquarters in Munich, Siemens Mobility has four core business units: Mobility Management, dedicated to rail technology and intelligent traffic systems, Railway Electrification, Rolling Stock, and Customer Services.
Wheatbelt railway lines of Western Australia
The wheatbelt railway lines of Western Australia were a network of railway lines in Western Australia that primarily served the Wheatbelt region.

Maps of the Western Australian Government Railways system in the 1930s show that in the main wheatbelt region, any railway line was within 48 kilometres (30 mi) of the harvest location, facilitating ease of access to rail transport. Most of the larger extent of the network has since been closed.

In the current railway management systems, many of the remaining operating lines are primarily for the haulage of grain.

Western Australian Government Railways
Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) was the state owned operator of railways in the state of Western Australia between October 1890 and June 2003. Owned by the state government, it was renamed a number of times to reflect extra responsibility for tram and ferry operations that it assumed and later relinquished. Westrail was the trading name of the WAGR from September 1975 until December 2000, when the WAGR's freight division and the Westrail brand were privatised. Its remaining passenger operations were transferred to the Public Transport Authority in July 2003.
Merioneth (UK Parliament constituency)
Merioneth, sometimes called Merionethshire, was a constituency in North Wales established in 1542, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the English Parliament, and later to the Parliament of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom. It was abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new constituency of Meirionnydd Nant Conwy.

Meirionnydd Nant Conwy (UK Parliament constituency)
Meirionnydd Nant Conwy was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

The Meirionnydd Nant Conwy Welsh Assembly constituency was created with the same boundaries in 1999.
Recoleta FC
Recoleta FC, previously known as Club Deportivo Recoleta or simply known as Recoleta, is a Paraguayan association football club from the neighbourhood of the same name, in Asunción; founded in 1931. It will play the Paraguayan Primera División after winning the 2024 Paraguayan División Intermedia championship.

2024 APF División Intermedia
The 2024 División Intermedia season, named "Homenaje a Daniel Giménez, Félix Quiñonez e Isidoro Benítez", was the 106th season of the second-tier league of Paraguayan football and the 27th under the División Intermedia name. The season began on 5 April and ended on 14 October 2024, and the fixtures for the season were drawn on 28 November 2023.

Deportivo Recoleta and Tembetary earned promotion to the Paraguayan Primera División at the end of the season, with the former clinching a top two finish with three matchdays to go by defeating Pastoreo on 22 September, and the latter doing so on the following matchday, beating Fernando de la Mora on 29 September. Deportivo Recoleta ended up winning their second División Intermedia title after a 1–1 with Fernando de la Mora and a 3–1 loss for Tembetary against Sportivo Carapeguá on the final matchday of the season.
Ceratonova shasta
Ceratonova shasta (syn. Ceratomyxa shasta) is a myxosporean parasite that infects salmonid fish on the Pacific coast of North America. It was first observed at the Crystal Lake Hatchery, Shasta County, California, and has now been reported from Idaho, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia and Alaska.

Myxosporea
Myxosporea is a class of microscopic animals, all of whom are parasites. They belong to the Myxozoa clade within Cnidaria. They have a complex life cycle that comprises vegetative forms in two hosts—one an aquatic invertebrate (generally an annelid but sometimes a bryozoan) and the other an ectothermic vertebrate, usually a fish. Each parasitized host releases a different type of spore. The two forms of spore are so different in appearance that until relatively recently they were treated as belonging to different classes within the Myxozoa.
Hazara Division
Hazara Division, located along the Indus River in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, serves as an  administrative region of the province, encompassing nine districts: Abbottabad, Allai District, Battagram, Haripur, Kolai-Palas, Lower Kohistan, Mansehra, Torghar, and Upper Kohistan.

Lower Kohistan District
Lower Kohistan District (Urdu: ضلع کوہستان زیریں) is a district in the Hazara Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Pattan is the district headquarters of Lower Kohistan. Kohistani people form majority in the district.
Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends
Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths & Legends is an animated television series that originally aired as part of BKN's cartoon programing block.  The show's premise was that aliens had been living among humans for ages, and were the origins of many of the creatures humans know from myth, folklore and legends, including vampires and werewolves. The show was produced in part of BKN's drive to reinvent itself as a children's block and company in general.

In October 2019, it was announced that 41 Entertainment would produce an eight-episode computer-generated animation reboot of the series, which was scheduled to premiere in fall 2021 but has since been delayed indefinitely.

Bohbot Kids Network
Bohbot Kids Network (more commonly referred to and on-screen as BKN, originally known as Amazin' Adventures until 1997) was a children's programming block operated by Bohbot Entertainment (later BKN, Inc.) that aired on syndicated television stations from 1992 to 2000.
James Leonard Plimpton
James Leonard Plimpton (1828, Medfield, Massachusetts - 1911) was an American inventor who is known for changing the skating world with his patented roller skates in 1863. Plimpton's roller skates were safer and easier to use than the existing versions, his "rocker skates" or quad skates allowed people to steer by simply leaning to the left or the right. He also opened some of the earliest roller skating rinks in New York City and Newport, Rhode Island.  In addition to opening the first, official, roller skating rink he also established the first roller skating club, that included rules of roller skating rink conduct, with how to roller skate lessons, and proficiency tests for skaters to plot their progress.

James Plimpton also invented the Plimpton cabinet bed. He married Harriet Amelia Adams on December 6, 1852.

Roller skates
Roller skates are boots with wheels mounted to the bottom, allowing the user to travel on hard surfaces similarly to an ice skater on ice. The first roller skate was an inline skate design, effectively an ice skate with a line of wheels replacing the blade. In modern usage, the term typically refers to skates with two pairs of wheels on shared axles like those of skateboards (early versions of which were made using roller skate parts). Skates with this configuration are also known as "quad skates" or "quads" and, like skateboards, steer by tilting the skate to one side, which causes the axles to turn inward.

Roller skating is a hobby, sport, and mode of transportation using roller skates.
Haddis Alemayehu
Haddis Alemayehu (Amharic: ሐዲስ ዓለማየሁ; 15 October 1910 – 6 December 2003) was an Ethiopian novelist. His Amharic novel Love to the Grave (Amharic: ፍቅር እስከ መቃብር; Fəqər əskä Mäqabər, 1968) is considered a classic of modern Ethiopian literature.

Aside from literature, he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1960 to 1961.

Love to the Grave
Love to the Grave (Amharic: ፍቅር እስከ መቃብር) is an Amharic novel by Haddis Alemayehu published in 1968. It is one of the best known novels in Ethiopia and is considered a classic of Ethiopian literature. The novel gained popularity largely due to its widespread dissemination on Ethiopian radio during the Derg regime. It was featured on the popular radio program Kemetsahifit Alem (From the World of Books) by host Wegayehu Nigatu. The author himself later praised Wegayehu for "giving life to the characters in the story" with his narration of the novel.
An English translation by Sisay Ayenew, titled Love Unto Crypt, was published in 2005.
Jon Van Caneghem
Jon Van Caneghem (born 1962/1963) is an American video game director, designer and producer. He is best known for launching development studio New World Computing in 1983, making his design debut in 1986 with Might and Magic Book One: The Secret of the Inner Sanctum. During the company's 20-year lifespan, Van Caneghem was involved in the creation and direction of several franchises, including the Might and Magic role-playing series and the spin-off Heroes of Might and Magic and King's Bounty strategy series.

Might and Magic Book One: The Secret of the Inner Sanctum
Might and Magic Book One: Secret of the Inner Sanctum (also known as simply Might and Magic) is an early role-playing video game, first in the popular and influential Might and Magic franchise. It was released in 1986 as New World Computing's debut, ported to numerous platforms and re-released continuously through the early 1990s.
Delta 4
Delta 4 was a British software developer founded by Fergus McNeill, writing and publishing interactive fiction.

Delta 4 designed games between 1984 and 1992. Some were self-published, others were released by CRL Group, Piranha Software, Silversoft, or On-Line Entertainment. Delta 4 were also credited with providing the code for Jonathan Nash's tape magazine YS2 which was given away free with Your Sinclair magazine and published by Future Publishing.

CRL Group
CRL Group plc was a British video game development and publishing company. Originally CRL stood for "Computer Rentals Limited". It was based in King's Yard, London and run by Clem Chambers.

They released a number of notable adventure games based on horror stories. Dracula and Frankenstein were rated 15 certificate by the British Board of Film Censors for their graphics depicting bloody scenes; Dracula was the first game to be rated by the BBFC. Jack the Ripper was the first game to receive an 18 certificate, Wolfman also gained an 18 certificate.

CRL-published games that achieved critical success include Tau Ceti and Academy.

The 1984 game of the series Terrahawks was one of the first video games based on a TV show.
HMS Pallas (1816)
HMS Pallas was a 36-gun fifth-rate Apollo-class frigate of the Royal Navy. Placed in ordinary when completed in 1816, Pallas was commissioned for the first time in 1828. Under Captain Adolphus FitzClarence the frigate spent time blockading the Azores before making trips to India and then Nova Scotia, conveying important passengers. The ship sailed to the Mediterranean in 1830 under the command of Captain Manley Hall Dixon, and returned early the following year with the survivors of the wreck of the Countess of Harcourt. Later in the year Pallas joined the West Indies Station, where she served until 1834 when she was paid off. In 1836 the frigate was converted into a coal hulk, in which role she served at Plymouth Dockyard until being sold in 1862.

Apollo-class frigate
The Apollo-class sailing frigates were a series of twenty-seven ships that the British Admiralty commissioned be built to a 1798 design by Sir William Rule. Twenty-five served in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars, two being launched too late.

Of the 25 ships that served during the Napoleonic Wars, only one was lost to enemy action. Of the entire class of 27 ships, only two were lost to wrecking, and none to foundering.

The Admiralty ordered three frigates in 1798–1800. Following the Peace of Amiens, it ordered a further twenty-four sister-ships to the same design between 1803 and 1812. The last was ordered to a fresh 38-gun design. Initially, the Admiralty split the order for the 24 vessels equally between its yards and commercial yards, but two commercial yards failed to perform and the Admiralty transferred these orders to its own dockyards, making the split 14–10 as between the Admiralty and commercial yards.
Ex parte Bakelite Corp.
Ex parte Bakelite Corp., 279 U.S. 438 (1929), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (CCPA) was an Article I tribunal. In 1962, the Supreme Court overruled Bakelite in Glidden Co. v. Zdanok (1962), holding that this court is an Article III court.

Federal tribunals in the United States
Federal tribunals in the United States are tribunals established by the federal government of the United States for the purpose of resolving disputes involving or arising under federal laws, including questions about the constitutionality of such laws.  Such tribunals include both Article III tribunals (federal courts) as well as adjudicative entities which are classified as Article I or Article IV tribunals. Some of the latter entities are also formally denominated as courts, but they do not enjoy certain protections afforded to Article III courts. These tribunals are described in reference to the article of the United States Constitution from which the tribunal's authority stems. The use of the term "tribunal" in this context as a blanket term to encompass both courts and other adjudicative entities comes from section 8 of Article I of the Constitution, which expressly grants Congress the power to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Michigan's 6th congressional district
Michigan's 6th congressional district is a United States congressional district in southeast Michigan. In 2022, the district was redrawn to be centered around Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County, as well as western and southern Wayne County, a small part of southwestern Oakland County, and the city of Milan in Monroe County. In previous redistrictings, the 6th district consisted of all of Berrien, Cass, Kalamazoo, St. Joseph, and Van Buren counties, and includes most of Allegan county.

The district is currently represented by Democrat Debbie Dingell, who previously represented the old 12th district.

Oakland County, Michigan
Oakland County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a principal county of the Detroit metropolitan area, containing the bulk of Detroit's northern suburbs. Its county seat is Pontiac, and its largest city is Troy. As of the 2020 census, its population 1,274,395, making it the second-most populous county in Michigan (behind neighboring Wayne County), and the most populous county in the United States without a city of 100,000 residents.

Founded in 1819 and organized the following year, Oakland County is composed of 62 cities, villages, and townships. In 2010, Oakland County was among the ten wealthiest counties in the United States to have over one million residents. It is also home to Oakland University, a large public institution that straddles the border between the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills.
Uchee Creek (Georgia)
Uchee Creek is a stream in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It derives its name from the Yuchi (or Uchee) Indians, who once lived in the area. Variant spellings are Euchee Creek and Yuchi Creek.

Its source is just north of Harlem, and its mouth is at the Little River north of Evans. Both Harlem–Grovetown Road and William Few Parkway have two crossing of Uchee Creek each. The stream only flows through a portion of one city, Grovetown, through which it flows through the far northwestern part.

Georgia State Route 388
State Route 388 (SR 388) is a 4.5-mile-long (7.2 km) state highway that travels south-to-north in a backward L-shape, completely within Columbia County, in the east-central part of the state of Georgia. It connects Grovetown to Lewiston.
Stéphanie (album)
Stéphanie is the second and final studio album released by Princess Stéphanie of Monaco. The album was released on 30 July 1991 through the WTG Records in the United States, and the Epic Records in Europe. It was released five years after her successful debut album Besoin. Stéphanie met with disappointing sales — it sold only 3,500 copies in the United States — and negative reviews. In 1992, Stéphanie ended her music career.

Besoin
Besoin (French: Need) is the debut studio album released by Princess Stéphanie of Monaco. The album was released in 1986 through Julisa and Carrere Records. The album was produced by Yves Roze, and released in some countries as Live Your Life or simply Stéphanie. Besoin reached number six at the French Albums Chart and the Swedish Albums Chart, number twelve at the German Albums Chart, and number 59 at the Austrian Albums Chart. It reportedly sold in approximately 1.5 million units, and achieved gold status in France for over 100,000 units.
Connected-component labeling
Connected-component labeling (CCL), connected-component analysis (CCA), blob extraction, region labeling, blob discovery, or region extraction is an algorithmic application of graph theory, where subsets of connected components are uniquely labeled based on a given heuristic. Connected-component labeling is not to be confused with segmentation.

Connected-component labeling is used in computer vision to detect connected regions in binary digital images, although color images and data with higher dimensionality can also be processed. When integrated into an image recognition system or human-computer interaction interface, connected component labeling can operate on a variety of information.  Blob extraction is generally performed on the resulting binary image from a thresholding step, but it can be applicable to gray-scale and color images as well.  Blobs may be counted, filtered, and tracked.

Blob extraction is related to but distinct from blob detection.

Binary image
A binary image is a digital image that consists of pixels that can have one of exactly two colors, usually black and white. Each pixel is stored as a single bit — i.e. either a 0 or 1.

A binary image can be stored in memory as a bitmap: a packed array of bits. A binary image of 640 × 480 pixels has a file size of only 37.5 KiB, and most also compress well with simple run-length compression. A binary image format is often used in contexts where it is important to have a small file size for transmission or storage, or due to color limitations on displays or printers.

It also has technical and artistic applications, for example in digital image processing and pixel art. Binary images can be interpreted as subsets of the two-dimensional integer lattice ⁠⁠⁠; the field of morphological image processing was largely inspired by this view.