hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spyglass Media Group
Spyglass Media Group, LLC is an American independent film and television production and finance company based in Los Angeles, California.

The company was founded by Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum on August 21, 1998, as Spyglass Entertainment and became dormant on February 10, 2012. In the wake of the sexual abuse allegations that involved former TWC chairman Harvey Weinstein, Spyglass was relaunched on March 13, 2019 in conjunction with Lantern Entertainment.

Lantern Entertainment
Lantern Entertainment, LLC is an American independent film and television production company founded by Lantern Capital Partners on July 16, 2018.

The studio was formed from the acquired assets of TWC in a bankruptcy auction. TWC filed for bankruptcy as a result of co-founder Harvey Weinstein being convicted of sexual harassment, assault, and rape. Lantern Entertainment is a separate company unaffiliated with the Weinsteins.
R rotunda
The r rotunda ⟨ ꝛ ⟩, "rounded r", is a historical calligraphic variant of the minuscule (lowercase) letter Latin r used in full script-like typefaces, especially blackletters.

Unlike other letter variants such as "long s" which originally were orthographically distinctive, r rotunda has always been a calligraphic variant, used when the letter ⟨r⟩ followed a letter with a rounded stroke towards the right side, such as ⟨o⟩, ⟨b⟩, ⟨p⟩, ⟨h⟩ (and ⟨d⟩ in typefaces such as Fraktur where this letter has no vertical stroke, and appears similar to ⟨𝔡⟩). In this way, it is comparable to numerous other special types used for ligatures or conjoined letters in early modern typesetting.

Long s
The long s, ⟨ſ⟩, also known as the medial s or initial s, is an archaic form of the lowercase letter ⟨s⟩, found mostly in works from the late 8th to early 19th centuries. It replaced one or both of the letter s in a double-s sequence (e.g., "ſinfulneſs" for "sinfulness" and "poſſeſs" or "poſseſs" for "possess", but never "poſſeſſ"). The modern ⟨s⟩ letterform is known as the "short", "terminal", or "round" s. In typography, the long s is known as a type of swash letter, commonly referred to as a "swash s". The long s is the basis of the first half of the grapheme of the German alphabet ligature letter ⟨ß⟩, (eszett or scharfes s, 'sharp s'). As with other letters, the long s may have a variant appearance depending on typeface: ſ, ſ, ſ, ſ.
William Cantelo
William Cantelo (born 1830) was a 19th-century British inventor. Credited with developing an early machine gun, he disappeared from his home in Southampton in the 1880s. While trying to find Cantelo, his two sons saw a photograph of American-born inventor Hiram Maxim (born 1840), creator of the Maxim gun; his superficial similarity to their father led them to believe that he had re-emerged under a new name.

Hiram Maxim
Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim (5 February 1840 – 24 November 1916) was an American-born British inventor best known as the creator of the first automatic machine gun, the Maxim gun. Maxim held patents on numerous mechanical devices such as hair-curling irons, a mousetrap, and steam pumps. Maxim laid claim to inventing the lightbulb.

Maxim experimented with powered flight;  his large aircraft designs were never successful. Circa 1904 he designed a highly successful amusement ride called the "Captive Flying Machine" to fund his research while generating public interest in flight.

Maxim moved from the United States to the United Kingdom at the age of 41, and remained an American citizen until he became a naturalised British citizen in 1899, and received a knighthood in 1901.
Utror
Utror, also spelt Atror, is a valley and a union council of the Behrain Tehsil, located in Upper Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is surrounded by snow-clad mountains, green pastures and waterfalls. The area of the valley is about 47,400 hectares (474 km2). It is one of the valleys in Swat Kohistan inhabited by the Gawri people.

Utror is 16 km (9.9 mi) away from Kalam Valley and 116 km (72 mi) from Saidu Sharif. The population of the region is around 16,048 as of 2017. Utror is surrounded by Bhan valley on the east, Upper Dir District on the west, Kalam on the south and Gabral on the north. The altitude of the valley at Utror proper is 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) and reaches 2,900 metres (9,500 ft) at Kundol Lake. Badogai Pass connects it to Upper Dir District. Further the region leads to Chitral.

Kalam Valley
Kalam (Gawri and Urdu: کالام) is a valley located in the Swat Kohistan region of Upper Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the site where the Swat River forms as a result of the confluence of two major tributaries, the Gabral and Ushu rivers. Kalam valley is predominantly inhabited by Gawri people.

Located 99 kilometres (62 mi) north from Mingora and at an elevation of about 2,000 m (6,600 ft) above sea level, the valley itself provides a plateau that is located above the river and is used for farming. There are a number of visible mountains, also visible from Matiltan, a valley close to Kalam Valley, including Mount Falak Sar at 5,918 meters (19,416 feet), and another unnamed peak at 6,096 meters (20,000 feet) high.
Olmstead v. United States
Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928), was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, on the matter of whether wiretapping of private telephone conversations, conducted by federal agents without a search warrant with recordings subsequently used as evidence, constituted a violation of the target’s rights under the Fourth and Fifth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. In a 5–4 decision, the Court held that the constitutional rights of a wiretapping target have not been violated.

In an influential dissent, Justice Louis Brandeis stated that, "[The Founding Fathers] conferred, as against the Government, the right to be let alone – the most comprehensive of rights, and the right most valued by civilized men. To protect that right, every unjustifiable intrusion by the Government upon the privacy of the individual, whatever the means employed, must be deemed a violation of the Fourth Amendment."

This decision was overturned by Katz v. United States in 1967.

Katz v. United States
Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court redefined what constitutes a "search" or "seizure" with regard to the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The ruling expanded the Fourth Amendment's protections from an individual's "persons, houses, papers, and effects," as specified in the Constitution's text, to include any areas where a person has a "reasonable expectation of privacy." The reasonable expectation of privacy standard, now known as the Katz test, was formulated in a concurring opinion by Justice John Marshall Harlan II.

The Katz test has since been used in numerous cases, particularly because of technological advances that create new questions about privacy norms and government surveillance of personal data.
Independence Party (United States)
The Independence Party, established as the Independence League, was a short-lived minor American political party sponsored by newspaper publisher and politician William Randolph Hearst in 1906. The organization was the successor to the Municipal Ownership League under whose colors Hearst had run for Mayor of New York in 1905.

After its second-place finish in a race for Governor of Massachusetts in 1907, the party set its sights on the Presidency, and held a national convention to nominate a ticket in 1908. The party garnered only 83,000 votes nationally in the 1908 election and immediately dissolved as a national force.

The Independence League of New York continued to nominate candidates for office in New York state until the state election of 1914.

Municipal Ownership League
The Municipal Ownership League was an American third party formed in 1904 by controversial newspaper magnate and Congressman William Randolph Hearst for the purpose of contesting elections in New York City.
CACTUS
CACTUS (Converted Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Using Solar-2) was a ground-based, Air Cherenkov Telescope (ACT) located outside Daggett, California, near Barstow.  It was originally a solar power plant called Solar Two, but was converted to an observatory starting in 2001. The first astronomical observations started in the fall of 2004.  However, the facility had its last observing runs in November 2005 as funds for observational operations from the National Science Foundation were no longer available.  The facility was operated by the University of California, Davis but owned by Southern California Edison.
It was demolished in 2009.

The Solar Project
34°52′19″N 116°50′03″W﻿ / ﻿34.87187°N 116.83419°W﻿ / 34.87187; -116.83419

The SOLAR Project  consists of the Solar One, Solar Two and Solar Tres solar thermal power plants based in the Mojave Desert, United States and Andalucía, Spain. The US Department of Energy (DOE) and a consortium of US utilities built the country's first two large-scale, demonstration solar power towers in the desert near Barstow, California.

Solar One/Solar Two have been scrapped since 2009. Solar Tres (later renamed Gemasolar), the first commercial plant of the project, was opened in Spain in 2011.
Zurvanism
Zurvanism was a fatalistic religious movement of Zoroastrianism in which the divinity Zurvan is a first principle (primordial creator deity) who engendered equal-but-opposite twins, Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu. Zurvanism is also known as "Zurvanite Zoroastrianism", and may be contrasted with Mazdaism.

In Zurvanism, Zurvan was perceived as the god of infinite time and space and also known as "one" or "alone." Zurvan was portrayed as a transcendental and neutral god without passion; one for whom there was no distinction between good and evil. The name Zurvan is a normalized rendition of the word, which in Middle Persian appears as either Zurvān, Zruvān or Zarvān. The Middle Persian name derives from Avestan (Avestan: 𐬰𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬥, romanized: zruuān, lit. 'time', a grammatically neuter noun).

Zurvanism was the official state religion of the Sasanians.

Ahriman
Angra Mainyu (/ˈæŋrə ˈmaɪnjuː/; Avestan: 𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎, romanized: Aŋra Mainiiu) is the Avestan name of Zoroastrianism's hypostasis of the "destructive/evil spirit" and the main adversary in Zoroastrianism either of the Spenta Mainyu, the "holy/creative spirits/mentality", or directly of Ahura Mazda, the highest deity of Zoroastrianism. The Middle Persian equivalent is Ahriman (/ˈɑːrɪmən/; Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩, romanized: Ahreman). The name can appear in English-language works as Ahrimanes.
Climate Commission
The Climate Commission was an independent body established in 2011 by the Government of Australia to communicate "reliable and authoritative information" about climate change in Australia. Abolished by the newly elected LNP government led by Prime Minister Tony Abbott in September 2013, it was relaunched as an independent non-profit organisation called the Climate Council.

Climate Council
The Climate Council is Australia's leading climate change communications non-profit organisation and was formed to provide independent, authoritative information on climate change and its solutions to the Australian public. It advocates reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It was created by former members of the Climate Commission after it was abolished by the Abbott government in 2013. It is funded by donations from the public.
Tiffany Young
Stephanie Young Hwang (born August 1, 1989), known professionally as Tiffany or Tiffany Young, is an American singer-songwriter and actress of Korean descent. Born and raised in California, she was discovered by South Korean entertainment agency SM Entertainment at the age of fifteen and subsequently moved to South Korea. After two years of training, Young debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup Girls' Generation-TTS) in August 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most widely known girl groups worldwide.

In 2016, Young became the second Girls' Generation member to debut as a soloist with the release of her first extended play I Just Wanna Dance. Although Young remains a member of Girls' Generation, she left SM Entertainment in October 2017. She joined Paradigm Talent Agency and signed with record label Transparent Arts prior to the release of her 2019 extended play Lips on Lips.

Girls' Generation-TTS
Girls' Generation-TTS (Korean: 소녀시대-태티서, also known as TTS, TaeTiSeo, or Girls' Generation-TaeTiSeo) is the first sub-unit of South Korean girl group Girls' Generation, formed by SM Entertainment in 2012. It is composed of three Girls' Generation members: Taeyeon, Tiffany, and Seohyun. The sub-group has released three extended plays: Twinkle, Holler, and Dear Santa.
Cartesian tree
In computer science, a Cartesian tree is a binary tree derived from a sequence of distinct numbers. To construct the Cartesian tree, set its root to be the minimum number in the sequence, and recursively construct its left and right subtrees from the subsequences before and after this number. It is uniquely defined  as a min-heap whose symmetric (in-order) traversal returns the original sequence.

Cartesian trees were introduced by Vuillemin (1980) in the context of geometric range searching data structures. They have also been used in the definition of the treap and randomized binary search tree data structures for binary search problems, in comparison sort algorithms that perform efficiently on nearly-sorted inputs, and as the basis for pattern matching algorithms. A Cartesian tree for a sequence can be constructed in linear time.

Treap
In computer science, the treap and the randomized binary search tree are two closely related forms of binary search tree data structures that maintain a dynamic set of ordered keys and allow binary searches among the keys. After any sequence of insertions and deletions of keys, the shape of the tree is a random variable with the same probability distribution as a random binary tree; in particular, with high probability its height is proportional to the logarithm of the number of keys, so that each search, insertion, or deletion operation takes logarithmic time to perform.
Andrei Sinyavsky
Andrei Donatovich Sinyavsky (Russian: Андре́й Дона́тович Синя́вский; 8 October 1925 – 25 February 1997) was a Russian writer and Soviet dissident known as a defendant in the Sinyavsky–Daniel trial of 1965.

Sinyavsky was a literary critic for Novy Mir and wrote works critical of Soviet society under the pseudonym Abram Tertz (Абрам Терц) published in the West to avoid censorship in the Soviet Union. Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel were convicted of Anti-Soviet agitation in a show trial, becoming the first Soviet writers convicted solely for their works and for fiction, and served six years at a labour camp. Sinyavsky emigrated to France in 1973 where he became a professor of Russian literature and published numerous autobiographical and retrospective works.

Yuli Daniel
Yuli Markovich Daniel (Russian: Ю́лий Ма́ркович Даниэ́ль, IPA: [ˈjʉlʲɪj ˈmarkəvʲɪtɕ dənʲɪˈelʲ] ⓘ; 15 November 1925 – 30 December 1988) was a Russian writer and Soviet dissident known as a defendant in the Sinyavsky–Daniel trial in 1966.

Daniel wrote and translated works of stories and poetry critical of Soviet society under the pseudonyms Nikolay Arzhak (Russian: Никола́й Аржа́к, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐrˈʐak] ⓘ) and Yu. Petrov (Russian: Ю. Петро́в, IPA: [ˈju pʲɪˈtrof] ⓘ) published in the West to avoid censorship in the Soviet Union. Daniel and Andrei Sinyavsky were convicted of anti-Soviet agitation in a show trial, becoming the first Soviet writers convicted solely for their works and for fiction, serving five years at a labour camp.
X.Org Foundation
The X.Org Foundation is a non-profit corporation chartered to research, develop, support, organize, administrate, standardize, promote, and defend a free and open accelerated graphics stack. This includes, but is not limited to, the following projects: DRM, Mesa 3D, Wayland, and the X Window System and its primary implementation, the X.Org Server.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986
Section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986 creates a statutory offence in England and Wales, including the use of "threatening or abusive" words or behaviour likely to cause "harassment, alarm or distress". The word "insulting" was originally included in the first quoted phrase, but was removed when section 5 was amended in 2014.

An aggravated form of the offence, "intentional harassment, alarm or distress", was added as section 4A of the same Act by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994.

Intentional harassment, alarm or distress
Intentional harassment, alarm or distress is a statutory offence in England and Wales. It is an aggravated form of the offence of harassment, alarm or distress under section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986.
Sika Anoaʻi
Leati Sika Amituana'i Anoa'i (April 5, 1945 – June 25, 2024), better known by the ring name Sika, was a Samoan-American professional wrestler. He is best known as one-half of the tag team the Wild Samoans with his older brother Afa, holding the WWF World Tag Team Championship three times. Sika and Afa were inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2007 and the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2012.

Afa Anoaʻi
Afa Amituanaʻi Anoaʻi (November 21, 1943 – August 16, 2024) was a Samoan-American professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager. He is best known for performing with his brother Sika as The Wild Samoans. He operated the World Xtreme Wrestling promotion after he retired from pro wrestling in 1995, and trained wrestlers at the Wild Samoan Training Center in Minneola, Florida.
2004 Arashi! Iza, Now Tour!!
2004 Arashi! Iza, Now Tour!! is the fourth video album by Japanese boy band Arashi. It was released by J Storm on January 1, 2005 and contains concert footage from their Iza, Now Tour, filmed at Yokohama Arena in Yokohama, Japan on August 3, 2004. The video album peaked at number three on the Oricon DVD chart. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) in June 2006.

Iza, Now!
Iza, Now! (いざッ、Now!) is the fourth studio album of Japanese boy band Arashi. It was released on 21 July 2004 through J Storm. Two singles were released from the album: "Hadashi no Mirai/Kotoba Yori Taisetsu na Mono" and "Pikanchi Double". The album debuted at number one in Japan, selling 115,000 copies in its first week.
Kamouraska (provincial electoral district)
Kamouraska (French pronunciation: [kamuʁaska] ⓘ) was a provincial electoral district in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).  It disappeared in the 1939 election and its successor electoral district was Kamouraska-Rivière-du-Loup; however, Kamouraska-Rivière-du-Loup existed for only that one election and disappeared in 1944, and was replaced by the re-created Kamouraska.

Its final election was in 1970.  It disappeared in the 1973 election and its successor electoral district was Kamouraska-Témiscouata.

Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup (provincial electoral district)
Kamouraska–Rivière-du-Loup (French pronunciation: [kamuʁaska ʁivjɛʁ dy lu]) was a former provincial electoral district in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1939 election, from parts of the Kamouraska and Rivière-du-Loup electoral districts.  It existed only for that one election.  It disappeared in the 1944 election and its successor electoral districts were the re-created Kamouraska and Rivière-du-Loup.
Nylon 6
Nylon 6 or polycaprolactam is a polymer, in particular semicrystalline polyamide. Unlike most other nylons, nylon 6 is not a condensation polymer, but instead is formed by ring-opening polymerization; this makes it a special case in the comparison between condensation and addition polymers. Its competition with nylon 66 and the example it set have also shaped the economics of the synthetic fibre industry. It is sold under numerous trade names including Perlon (Germany), Dederon (former East Germany), Nylatron, Capron, Ultramid, Akulon, Kapron (former Soviet Union and satellite states), Rugopa (Turkey) and Durethan.

Nylon 66
Nylon 66 (loosely written nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6, nylon 6,6, or nylon 6:6) is a type of polyamide or nylon. It, and nylon 6, are the two most common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made of two monomers each containing six carbon atoms, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which give nylon 66 its name. Aside from its superior physical characteristics, nylon 66 is attractive because its precursors are inexpensive.
Publius Cornelius Maluginensis (consular tribune 404 BC)
Publius Cornelius Maluginensis was a consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 404 BC.

Cornelius belonged to the Cornelia gens, one of the older patrician gentes of the Republic. Cornelius' father, and grandfather were both named Marcus, possible identifying them with Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, consul 436 BC, and Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, decemviri in 450 BC, respectively. Publius Cornelius Maluginensis, consular tribune  397 BC, Servius Cornelius Maluginensis, consular tribune 386 BC, and possibly Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, censor 393 BC, seems to all be his sons based on filiations.

Cornelia gens
The gens Cornelia was one of the greatest patrician houses at ancient Rome. For more than seven hundred years, from the early decades of the Republic to the third century AD, the Cornelii produced more eminent statesmen and generals than any other gens.  At least seventy-five consuls under the Republic were members of this family, beginning with Servius Cornelius Maluginensis in 485 BC.  Together with the Aemilii, Claudii, Fabii, Manlii, and Valerii, the Cornelii were almost certainly numbered among the gentes maiores, the most important and powerful families of Rome, who for centuries dominated the Republican magistracies.  All of the major branches of the Cornelian gens were patrician, but there were also plebeian Cornelii, at least some of whom were descended from freedmen.
Manfred W. Padberg
Manfred Wilhelm Padberg (10 October 1941 in Bottrop, Germany – 12 May 2014) was a German mathematician who worked with linear and combinatorial optimization. He and Ellis L. Johnson won the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 2000.

Ellis L. Johnson
Ellis Lane Johnson is the Professor Emeritus and the Coca-Cola Chaired Professor in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia.

In 1988, Johnson was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for fundamental contributions to discrete optimization and software design, and its practical applications to distribution and manufacturing systems.