hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metro (Minnesota)
Metro (stylized as METRO) is a transit network in Minnesota serving the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. As of 2025, the system consists of two light rail lines (Blue and Green Lines) and eight bus rapid transit (BRT) lines (Gold, Orange, Red, A, B, C, D, and E Lines), all of which are operated by Metro Transit, a service of the region's metropolitan planning agency. The nine lines connect Minneapolis and Saint Paul with surrounding communities.

Metro A Line (Minnesota)
The Metro A Line is a bus rapid transit route in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul region of Minnesota, operated by Metro Transit as part of the Metro rapid transit network. The A Line operates a north-south route along Snelling Avenue, connecting 46th Street station in Minneapolis and Rosedale Center in Roseville, via Ford Parkway and the Intercity Bridge.

Metro Transit describes the A Line's service as "arterial bus rapid transit" (aBRT), which includes off-board fare collection, enhanced bus stops, and transit signal priority. The history of the Snelling Avenue transit corridor dates to 1905, when Twin City Rapid Transit streetcar service began. Streetcars were replaced by buses in 1952, and planning for upgraded bus service on the corridor began in the early 2000s. Construction cost approximately $27 million, and A Line service began in 2016.
Mario Falcone (DC Comics)
Mario Falcone is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the son of Gotham City mob boss Carmine Falcone, the brother of Alberto Falcone and Sofia Falcone, and the uncle of Kitrina Falcone.

Mario Falcone appears in the third season of Gotham, portrayed by James Carpinello. The character also appeared in the third season of the Arrowverse series Batwoman, portrayed by Marcio Barauna.

Alberto Falcone
Alberto Falcone is a fictional comic book villain appearing in books published by DC Comics, in particular the Batman books. In addition to being a mobster, he is the Holiday Killer, a serial killer featured in Batman: The Long Halloween and Batman: Dark Victory.

Luke Brandon Field portrayed Al Falcone in the DC Extended Universe film The Flash. The character also appeared in the HBO television miniseries The Penguin (2024) set in The Batman shared universe, portrayed by Michael Zegen.
Sergio Osmeña Jr.
Sergio "Serging" Veloso Osmeña Jr. (December 4, 1916 – March 26, 1984) was a Filipino politician who served as a Senator of the Philippines, and ran against Ferdinand Marcos in the 1969 Philippine Presidential election. He was the son of Sergio Osmeña, the fourth president of the Philippines. His sons, Sergio Osmeña III was a Senator of the Philippines, and Tomas Osmeña is a former Mayor of Cebu City.

Serge Osmeña
Sergio "Serge" de la Rama Osmeña III (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈsɛɾdʒ ʔosˈmɛɲa]; born December 13, 1943) is a Filipino politician and legislator who served as a Senator of the Philippines. He is a grandson of the 4th president of the Philippines, Sergio Osmeña. In his eighteen years in the Senate, Osmeña chaired the most committees and filed the most bills in the history of the institution.
Ruth Ungar
Ruth Ungar Merenda was born February 19, 1976, in Mount Kisco, New York. She is a singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist who plays fiddle, ukulele and guitar. She is the daughter of fiddler/composer Jay Ungar and singer Lyn Hardy and a graduate of Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York.

Her song Four Blue Walls, inspired by the play Danny and the Deep Blue Sea by John Patrick Shanley was recorded by Canadian band The Duhks, on their eponymous 2005 album produced by Béla Fleck and Gary Paczosa. Her song Simple and Sober was recorded by Lindsay Lou on her 2018 album Southland.[1]

Ungar resides in the Hudson Valley of New York State with her husband Michael J. Merenda, Jr and their two children, Willy and Opal Merenda. The couple produce a bi-annual music festival at the Ashokan Center called The Hoot which they launched in 2013.

Michael J. Merenda Jr.
Michael J. Merenda Jr. is a singer-songwriter with the American folk band, the Mammals. He plays guitar, banjo, ukulele and percussion. He also has a solo career and performs with the Jay Ungar and Molly Mason Family Band.
Ben-Gurion House
The Ben-Gurion House is a historic house museum in Tel Aviv, which served as the family home of pre-State Zionist leader and then first Defense and Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion, between 1931 and 1953. Until his death in 1973, it continued serving as an additional residence, along with two others, one private – "Ben-Gurion's hut" at Kibbutz Sde Boker in the Negev (known as his desert home), and the official residence as Prime Minister of Israel during his multiple terms as head of government. The latter, known as Julius Jacobs House, is located in Rehavia, Jerusalem.

Ben-Gurion House is located at 17, Ben-Gurion Boulevard in northern Tel Aviv.

Ben-Gurion's hut
Ben-Gurion's hut (Hebrew: צריף בן גוריון, Tzrif Ben Gurion) was the retirement home of Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion and his wife Paula (Pola) from 1953 until Ben-Gurion's death in 1973. The "hut", located on kibbutz Sde Boker, was preserved exactly as it was left by Ben-Gurion and now serves as a museum with a visitor center operated by the Ben-Gurion Heritage Institute.
Napa River
The Napa River is a river approximately 55 miles (89 km) long in the U.S. state of California.  It drains a famous wine-growing region called the Napa Valley, in the mountains north of the San Francisco Bay.  Milliken Creek and Mt. Veeder watersheds are a few of its many tributaries.  The river mouth is at Vallejo, where the intertidal zone of fresh and salt waters flow into the Carquinez Strait and the San Pablo Bay.

Milliken Creek (California)
Milliken Creek is an 11.9-mile-long (19.2 km) stream in Napa County, California, that is a tributary to the Napa River.  There are approximately 7,300 acres (3,000 ha) in this watershed, of which 90 acres (36 ha) are developed as vineyards.  Milliken Creek rises on the western slopes of the east side of the Napa Valley and flows through the Silverado Country Club property.  Much of this watershed property had once been part of the Mexican land grant Rancho Yajome, which had been granted to General Mariano G. Vallejo.  Most of this watershed was wilderness area to at least 1869, and thereafter the lower watershed was begun to be developed as pasture and grazing agricultural uses.  In a 1989 stream survey by Earth Metrics, the steelhead fishery was found to be robust up to and including the Silverado Country Club.
Winn Kelly Brooks
Winn Kelly Brooks (formerly Virginia Rae Brooks;  December 24, 1938 – October 7, 2008) was an American researcher and scholar in the field of minority stress theory. She is recognized as a pioneer of the concept of minority stress in sexual minority populations. Brooks completed a Doctorate in Social Work (DSW) and Social Welfare at University of California-Berkeley and published Minority Stress and Lesbian Women in 1981.

Minority stress
Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups.  It may be caused by a number of factors, including poor social support and low socioeconomic status; well understood causes of minority stress are interpersonal prejudice and discrimination. Indeed, numerous scientific studies have shown that when minority individuals experience a high degree of prejudice, this can cause stress responses (e.g., high blood pressure, anxiety) that accrue over time, eventually leading to poor mental and physical health. Minority stress theory summarizes these scientific studies to explain how difficult social situations lead to chronic stress and poor health among minority individuals.
Presidential transition of Bill Clinton
The presidential transition of Bill Clinton began when he won the United States presidential election on November 3, 1992, and became the president-elect. Clinton was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 14, 1992. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 6, 1993, and the transition ended when Clinton was inaugurated on January 20, 1993.

First inauguration of Bill Clinton
The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd president of the United States was held on Wednesday, January 20, 1993, at the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. This was the 52nd inauguration and marked the commencement of the first term of Bill Clinton as president and Al Gore as vice president. At 46 years, 154 days of age at the time of his first inauguration, Clinton was the third-youngest person to become president, and the first from the Baby Boomer generation.
Saturn AL-41
The Saturn AL-41 is a designation for two different Russian military turbofan engine variants by NPO Lyulka-Saturn. The original AL-41F, development designation izdeliye 20, was a variable-bypass ratio turbofan engine, designed for supercruise flight for the MFI (Mnogofunktsionalni Frontovoy Istrebitel, "Multifunctional Frontline Fighter") program, which resulted in the Mikoyan Project 1.44. It is considered to be the Russian counterpart to the General Electric YF120 engine which lost to the more conventional fixed-bypass Pratt & Whitney YF119 in the Advanced Tactical Fighter engine program.

Since the cancellation of the MFI program, the AL-41F1S (izdeliye 117S) and AL-41F1 (izdeliye 117) designations were assigned to engines developed by Lyulka-Saturn, now NPO Saturn, that respectively power the Sukhoi Su-35S and Sukhoi Su-57, but these are heavily upgraded fixed-bypass variants of the AL-31F, rather than variants of the variable cycle izdeliye 20 design.

Saturn AL-31
The Saturn AL-31 (originally Lyulka) is a family of axial flow turbofan engines, developed by the Lyulka-Saturn design bureau in the Soviet Union, now NPO Saturn in Russia, originally as a 12.5-tonne (122.6 kN, 27,560 lbf) powerplant for the Sukhoi Su-27 long range air superiority fighter. The AL-31 currently powers the Su-27 family of combat aircraft and some variants of the Chengdu J-10 multirole jet fighter. Assembly of the engine is also performed under license in India by HAL, for the Sukhoi Su-30MKI. Improved variants power the fifth-generation Sukhoi Su-57 and Chengdu J-20.
Rafael Urdaneta
Rafael José Urdaneta y Farías (October 24, 1788 – August 23, 1845) was a Venezuelan general and hero of the Spanish American wars of independence. After overthrowing President Joaquín Mosquera in a 1830 military coup, he served as President of Gran Colombia from 1830 until 1831 when he was overthrown by José María Obando and José Hilario López. He was an ardent supporter of Simón Bolívar and one of his most trusted and loyal allies.

Joaquín Mosquera
Joaquín Mariano de Mosquera-Figueroa y Arboleda-Salazar (14 December 1787 – 4 April 1878) was a Colombian statesman and a Founding Father of Colombia who served as the 3rd and 5th President of Gran Colombia. Mosquera also served as Vice President of the Republic of New Granada. During the administration of President Simón Bolívar, he was named as the 1st Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the nascent states of Peru, the United Provinces of South America, and Chile with the purpose of creating unity amongst the South American nations.

He was overthrown as President in 1830 in a military coup by General Rafael Urdaneta.
Oscar II
Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907 and King of Norway from 1872 to 1905.

Oscar was the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He inherited the Swedish and Norwegian thrones when his brother died in 1872. Oscar II ruled during a time when both countries were undergoing a period of industrialization and rapid technological progress. His reign also saw the gradual decline of the Union of Sweden and Norway, which culminated in its dissolution in 1905. In 1905, the throne of Norway was transferred to his grandnephew Prince Carl of Denmark under the regnal name Haakon VII. When Oscar died in 1907, he was succeeded in Sweden by his eldest son, Gustaf V.

Oscar I of Sweden
Oscar I (born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte; 4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859) was King of Sweden and Norway from 8 March 1844 until his death. He was the second monarch of the House of Bernadotte.

The only child of King Charles XIV John, Oscar inherited the thrones upon the death of his father. Throughout his reign he would pursue a liberal course in politics in contrast to Charles XIV John, instituting reforms and improving ties between Sweden and Norway. In an address to him in 1857, the Riksdag declared that he had promoted the material prosperity of the kingdom more than any of his predecessors.
Bunt (community)
The Bunt (/ˈbʌnt/, Tulu: [bɐɳʈɐɾɯ]) people are an ethnic tuluva community who historically have inhabited the Tulu Nadu region  in South India. The Bunts were traditionally a warrior-class or martial caste community, with agrarian origins, forming the landed gentry of the region. They are the dominant land-owning, farming and banking community of Tulu Nadu and speak Tulu and Kundagannada as their mother tongue. Today, the Bunts are a largely urbanised community, with a population size of less than one million worldwide.

Tulu people
The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic and ethno-cultural group from Southern India. They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu. This region comprises the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Mangalore, and Udupi in Karnataka, part of Kasaragod district in Kerala, with Mangalore, Karnataka being the commercial hub. The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1,846,427 native Tulu speakers living in India.
Cranbrook and Tenterden Light Railway
The Cranbrook and Tenterden Light Railway was a railway line which was to have linked the Hawkhurst Branch Line with the Rother Valley Railway in Kent. Although it received authorisation for its construction, only a short section of it was ever built. This section is open today as part of the Kent and East Sussex Railway.

Kent and East Sussex Railway
The Kent and East Sussex Railway (K&ESR) refers to both a historical private railway company in Kent and East Sussex in England, as well as a heritage railway currently running on part of the route of the historical company. The railway runs between Tenterden Town and Bodiam.

A separate railway preservation effort, the Rother Valley Railway, is restoring track at the western end between Robertsbridge Junction and Bodiam.
WRHT
WRHT (96.3 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting a talk radio format.  It is licensed to Morehead City, North Carolina, and it serves the New Bern and Jacksonville areas of Eastern North Carolina.  It is owned by Inner Banks Media, with studios and offices on West Arlington Boulevard in Greenville.  Most WRHT programming is simulcast with sister station WTIB (103.7 FM) in Williamston.

WRHT has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations in the U.S.  The transmitter is on Landfill Road at Hibbs Road in Newport.

WTIB
WTIB (103.7 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting a talk radio format.  It is licensed to Williamston, North Carolina, and it serves the Greenville area of Eastern North Carolina.  It is owned by Inner Banks Media, with studios and offices on West Arlington Boulevard in Greenville.  Most WTIB programming is simulcast with sister station WRHT (96.3 FM) in Morehead City.

WTIB has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations in the U.S.  The transmitter is on Davenport Road in Williamston.
2008 American League Central tie-breaker game
The 2008 American League Central tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2008 regular season, played between the Chicago White Sox and Minnesota Twins to determine the champion of the American League's (AL) Central Division. It was played at U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois, on September 30, 2008. The White Sox won the game, 1–0, on a home run by Jim Thome, the lowest-scoring game in MLB tie-breaker history. The Sox advanced to the 2008 AL Division Series, where they lost to the Tampa Bay Rays, 3 games to 1; the Twins failed to qualify for the postseason.

The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 88–74. The White Sox won a coin flip late in the season which, by rule, awarded them home field in the game. The tie-breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game by both teams, with all events in the game added to regular season statistics.

2008 American League Division Series
The 2008 American League Division Series (ALDS), the first round of the 2008 American League playoffs in Major League Baseball’s (MLB) 2008 postseason, consisted of two best-of-five series to determine the two participants in the 2008 American League Championship Series. They were:

(1) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (Western Division champions, 100–62) vs. (4) Boston Red Sox (Wild Card qualifier, 95–67): Red Sox win series, 3–1.

(2) Tampa Bay Rays (Eastern Division champions, 97–65) vs. (3) Chicago White Sox (Central Division champions, 89–74): Rays win series, 3–1.

Since the Twins and the White Sox completed the regular season with identical records (88–74), the two teams played against each other in a one-game playoff. The White Sox defeated the Twins, 1–0, and thus became the AL Central champions.

The Rays defeated the Red Sox in the ALCS, and went on to lose the 2008 World Series to the National League champion Philadelphia Phillies.
Mount Vernon, Baltimore
Mount Vernon is a neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, located immediately north of the city's downtown. It is named for George Washington's Mount Vernon estate in Virginia, as the site of the city's Washington Monument.

Washington Monument (Baltimore)
The Washington Monument is the centerpiece of intersecting Mount Vernon Place and Washington Place, an urban square in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood north of downtown Baltimore, Maryland. It was the first major monument  to honor George Washington (1732–1799).
Cultural District, Pittsburgh
The Cultural District is a fourteen-square-block area in Downtown Pittsburgh bordered by the Allegheny River on the north, Tenth Street on the east, Stanwix Street on the west, and Liberty Avenue on the south.

The Cultural District features six theaters offering some 1,500 shows annually, as well as art galleries, restaurants, and retail shops. Its landmarks include Allegheny Riverfront Park, the Benedum Center, the Byham Theater, the Harris Theater, Heinz Hall, the O'Reilly Theater, Pittsburgh Creative and Performing Arts School, the Three Rivers Arts Festival Gallery, the Wood Street Galleries, and the August Wilson Center for African American Culture.

Major arts organizations based here include the Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre, Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera, the Pittsburgh Dance Council, Pittsburgh Opera, Pittsburgh Public Theater, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Bricolage Production Company, and Pittsburgh Playwrights Theatre Company.

Benedum Center
The Benedum Center for the Performing Arts (formerly the Stanley Theatre) is a theater and concert hall located at 237 7th Street in the Cultural District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  Designed by the Philadelphia architectural firm Hoffman-Henon, it was built in 1928 as the Stanley Theatre. The former movie palace was renovated and reopened as the Benedum Center for the Performing Arts in 1987.
Riddim Ribbon feat. The Black Eyed Peas
Riddim Ribbon featuring The Black Eyed Peas is the first installment in Tapulous' series of music games, succeeded by Riddim Ribbon Free. It features three tracks by The Black Eyed Peas plus more tracks that can be purchased from Apple's in-app purchase. Previously Tapulous had created games in the Tap Tap series including Tap Tap Revenge, Tap Tap Revenge 2 and Tap Tap Revenge 3.

Riddim Ribbon
Riddim Ribbon Free is the second installment in Tapulous' series of music games, preceded by Riddim Ribbon feat. The Black Eyed Peas. It features Like a G6 by Far East Movement as a default track. Similar to Tap Tap Revenge 3, there is an in-app store where players can buy premium tracks or redeem them with store credits.
Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
The Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国个人信息保护法; pinyin: Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó gèrén xìnxī bǎohù fǎ) referred to as the Personal Information Protection Law or ("PIPL") protecting personal information rights and interests, standardize personal information handling activities, and promote the rational use of personal information. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside of China.

The PIPL was adopted on August 20, 2021, and is effective November 1, 2021. It is related to, and builds on top of both China's Cybersecurity Law ("CSL") and China's Data Security Law ("DSL").: 131

A reference English version was published on December 29, 2021.

Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China
The Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国数据安全法; pinyin: Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó shùjù ānquán fǎ; referred to as the Data Security Law or DSL) governs the creation, use, storage, transfer, and exploitation of data within China. The law is seen to be primarily targeted at technology companies which have grown increasingly powerful in China over the years. The law is part of a series of interlocking but related national security legislation including the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China, Cybersecurity Law and National Intelligence Law, passed during Xi Jinping's administration as part of efforts to strengthen national security.
EuroCup Basketball All-EuroCup Team
The EuroCup Basketball All-EuroCup Team is an annual award of the secondary level European-wide professional club basketball league, the EuroCup. The EuroCup is the European-wide professional basketball league that is one tier level below the top-tier level EuroLeague. It is an award for the top ten players of each season of the EuroCup. The award began with the 2008–09 season.

EuroCup Basketball Awards
The EuroCup Basketball Awards are the awards given to the top individual performers of each season's edition of EuroCup Basketball, which is Europe's second-tier level continental-wide professional club basketball competition. The EuroCup is the league level that is one tier below the EuroLeague level.
Channel types
A wide variety of river and stream channel types exist in limnology, the study of inland waters. All these can be divided into two groups by using the water-flow gradient as either low gradient channels for streams or rivers with less than two percent (2%) flow gradient, or high gradient channels for those with greater than a 2% gradient.

Stream gradient
Stream gradient (or stream slope) is the grade (or slope) of a stream. It is measured by the ratio of drop in elevation and horizontal distance. It is a dimensionless quantity, usually expressed in units of meters per kilometer (m/km) or feet per mile (ft/mi); it may also be expressed in percent (%).
The world average river reach slope is 2.6 m/km or 0.26%;
a slope smaller than 1% and greater than 4% is considered gentle and steep, respectively.

Stream gradient may change along the stream course.
An average gradient can be defined, known as the relief ratio, which gives the average drop in elevation per unit length of river.
The calculation is the difference in elevation between the river's source and the river terminus (confluence or mouth) divided by the total length of the river or stream.