hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aron Nimzowitsch
Aron Nimzowitsch (Latvian: Ārons Nimcovičs; Russian: Аро́н Иса́евич Нимцо́вич, Aron Isayevich Nimtsovich; 7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Russian-born Danish chess player and writer.  In the late 1920s, Nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns and wrote a very influential book on chess theory: My System (1925–1927). Nimzowitsch's seminal work Chess Praxis, originally published in Germany, in 1929, was purchased by a pre-teen and future World Champion Tigran Petrosian and was to have a great influence on his development as a chess player.

Tigran Petrosian
Tigran Vardani Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Վարդանի Պետրոսյան; Russian: Тигран Вартанович Петросян; 17 June 1929 – 13 August 1984) was a Soviet-Armenian chess grandmaster. The ninth World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969, he was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost-impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian is often credited with popularizing chess in Armenia.

Petrosian was a candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the World Championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it to Spassky in 1969. Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship Candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975).
Aemilianus
Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus (c. 207 – September 253), also known as Aemilian, was Roman emperor for two months in 253.

Commander of the Moesian troops, he obtained an important victory against the invading Goths and was, for this reason, acclaimed emperor by his army. He then moved quickly to Roman Italy, where he defeated Emperor Trebonianus Gallus at the Battle of Interamna Nahars in August 253, only to be killed by his own men a month later when another general, Valerian, proclaimed himself emperor and moved against Aemilian with a larger army.

Valerian (emperor)
Valerian (/vəˈlɪəriən/ və-LEER-ee-ən; Latin: Publius Licinius Valerianus; c. 199 – 260 or 264) was Roman emperor from 253 to spring 260 AD. He rose to power during a particularly unstable period during the Crisis of the Third Century and appointed his son Gallienus as co-emperor.

Valerian is known as the first Roman emperor to have been taken captive in battle, captured by the Persian emperor Shapur I after the Battle of Edessa, causing shock and instability throughout the Roman Empire. The unprecedented event and rumors of his humiliation at the hands of the Persian emperor generated a variety of different reactions and "new narratives about the Roman Empire in diverse contexts".
Urceolus
Urceolus (from Latin  urceolus 'flask', 'pitcher') is a genus of heterotrophic flagellates belonging to the Euglenozoa, a phylum of single-celled eukaryotes or protists. Described by Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowsky in 1877, its type species is Urceolus alenizini. Species of this genus are characterized by deformable flask-shaped cells that exhibit at least one flagellum that is active at the tip, arising from a neck-like structure that also hosts the feeding apparatus. They are found in a variety of water body sediments across the globe. According to evolutionary studies, Urceolus belongs to a group of Euglenozoa known as peranemids, closely related to the euglenophyte algae.

Peranemid
The peranemids are a group of phagotrophic flagellates, single-celled eukaryotes or protists. They belong to the Euglenida, a diverse lineage of flagellates that contains the closely related euglenophyte algae. Like these algae, peranemids have flexible cells capable of deformation or metaboly, and have one or two flagella in the anterior region of the cell. They are classified as family Peranemidae (ICZN) or Peranemataceae (ICBN) within the monotypic order Peranemida (ICZN) or Peranematales (ICBN).
Alonzo Church
Alonzo Church (June 14, 1903 – August 11, 1995) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. He is best known for the lambda calculus, the Church–Turing thesis, proving the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem ("decision problem"), the Frege–Church ontology, and the Church–Rosser theorem. Alongside his doctoral student Alan Turing, Church is considered one of the founders of computer science.

Frege–Church ontology
The Frege–Church ontology is an ontology, a theory of existence. Everything is considered as being in three categories, object (referent, denotation), name, or concept (sense).  The ontology was developed by Alonzo Church based on ideas of Gottlob Frege to resolve some paradoxes.  The ontology is related to certain modal logics.
Johno Johnson
John Richard "Johno" Johnson GCSG (26 July 1930 – 9 August 2017) was an Australian trade unionist and politician who served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1976 to 2001. He held the presidency of the Legislative Council from 1978 to 1991, making him one of the longest-serving Presidents in the chamber's history, and was the first elected President to be voted out of office. Federal Labor leader Bill Shorten described him as "the heart, soul and sinews of NSW Labor", and former Prime Minister Paul Keating called him "a true prince of the Labor movement."

Order of St. Gregory the Great
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great (Latin: Ordo Sancti Gregorii Magni; Italian: Ordine di San Gregorio Magno) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope.

The order is one of the five orders of knighthood of the Holy See. The honor is bestowed upon Catholic men and women (and certain notable non-Catholics) in recognition of their personal service to the Holy See and to the Catholic Church, through their unusual labors, their support of the Holy See, and the examples they set in their communities and their countries.
Henri Theil
Henri (Hans) Theil (October 13, 1924 – August 20, 2000) was a Dutch econometrician and professor at the Netherlands School of Economics in Rotterdam, known for his contributions to the field of econometrics.

Erasmus University Rotterdam
Erasmus University Rotterdam (Dutch: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam [eːˈrɑsmʏs ynivɛrsiˈtɛit rɔtərˈdɑm]; abbreviated as EUR) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian.

Erasmus MC, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands.
Jennifer Rowe
Jennifer June Rowe, AC (born 2 April 1948), is an Australian author. Her crime fiction for adults is published under her own name, while her children's fiction is published under the pseudonyms Emily Rodda and Mary-Anne Dickinson.

She is well known for the children's fantasy series Deltora Quest, Rowan of Rin, Fairy Realm, Teen Power Inc., the Rondo trilogy and The Three Doors trilogy, and her latest His Name Was Walter. Her crime fiction includes the Verity Birdwood and Tessa Vance series.

Teen Power Inc.
Teen Power Inc., now known as Raven Hill Mysteries is a series of books created by notable Australian author Emily Rodda, even though many of the books are actually penned by other authors who receive credit on the inside title page.  The series, originally published in the mid-1990s was reprinted under the name Raven Hill Mysteries. As of 2006, the first six titles have been reissued.
Ashton Holmes
Ashton Holmes (born February 17, 1978) is an American actor, best known for the role of Jack Stall in A History of Violence (2005), Private Sidney Phillips in the HBO miniseries The Pacific (2010), Thom on the CW action-thriller series Nikita (2010–2011), and as Tyler Barrol on the ABC drama series Revenge (2011–2012).

Sidney Phillips
Sidney Clarke Phillips, Jr. (September 2, 1924 – September 26, 2015) was a United States Marine, family practice physician, and author from Mobile, Alabama. He provided source material and interviews for the making of Ken Burns' PBS documentary film The War and the HBO miniseries The Pacific. His recollections revolve around his time as a young man fighting in the Pacific War.
Henry County, Georgia
Henry County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2020 census, the population of Henry County was 240,712, up from 203,922 in 2010. The county seat is McDonough. The county was named for Patrick Henry.

Henry County is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metropolitan statistical area. The Henry County Courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Clayton County, Georgia
Clayton County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 297,595 by the U.S. Census Bureau. The county seat is Jonesboro.

Clayton County is one of the core counties of the Atlanta metropolitan area, and it is the sixth most-populous county in the state. It is the home of most of Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the busiest airport in the world by total passengers.

The county was the defendant in the landmark LGBT rights case of Bostock v. Clayton County (2020).
Guadalupe, California
Guadalupe is a small city located in Santa Barbara County, California. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 8,057. Guadalupe is economically and socially tied to the city of Santa Maria, which is about 8 miles (13 km) to the east. It is located at the intersection of Highway 1 and Highway 166, immediately south of the Santa Maria River, and 5 miles (8 km) east of the Pacific Ocean.

California State Route 166
State Route 166 (SR 166) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. It connects the Central Coast to the southern San Joaquin Valley, running from State Route 1 in Guadalupe and through Santa Maria in Santa Barbara County to State Route 99 in Mettler in Kern County.
Down (band)
Down is an American heavy metal supergroup that formed in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1991. The current lineup consists of vocalist Phil Anselmo (Pantera and Superjoint Ritual), drummer Jimmy Bower (Crowbar, Eyehategod, Superjoint Ritual), guitarists Pepper Keenan (Corrosion of Conformity) and Kirk Windstein (Crowbar, Sun Don't Shine), and bassist Pat Bruders (Goatwhore, Crowbar).

Since their formation, Down has gone on hiatus twice and has released five studio albums. The first three were LPs entitled NOLA (1995), Down II: A Bustle in Your Hedgerow (2002), and Down III: Over the Under (2007). In 2008, the band began working on additional material, which resulted in two EPs entitled Down IV – Part I, released in September 2012, and Down IV – Part II, released in May 2014.

Phil Anselmo
Philip Hansen Anselmo (born June 30, 1968) is an American musician best known as the lead singer for groove metal band Pantera, southern metal supergroup Down, and hardcore band Superjoint, amongst other musical projects. He is the owner of Housecore Records.

Anselmo is regarded as one of the most iconic frontmen in metal history, known for being particularly animated and donning a machismo attitude that became emblematic of the general theme of Pantera. Earlier in his career with the band, Anselmo took considerable inspiration from traditional heavy metal vocalists such as Rob Halford, singing in full head voice. However, he later became recognized for a more abrasive style of vocals, and formed a number of extreme metal projects such as Scour.
Kateryna Serebrianska
Kateryna Serebrianska[a] (born 25 October 1977 in Simferopol) is a Ukrainian former individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 1996 Olympics gold medalist, the 1995 World All-around champion, the 1996 European All-around champion, and three time Grand Prix Final All-around champion.

1995 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
The XIX World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were held in Vienna, the capital of Austria, 20–24 September, 1995. There were 97 individual participants from 43 countries.

The event acted as the qualifying competition for the 1996 Summer Olympics, with 35 individual gymnasts and 7 groups qualifying based on the results of the first day of competition.
SS Argentina (1929)
SS Argentina was a US turbo-electric ocean liner. She was completed in 1929 as SS Pennsylvania, and refitted and renamed as SS Argentina in 1938. From 1942 to 1946 she was the War Shipping Administration operated troopship Argentina. She was laid up in 1958 and scrapped in 1964.

SS Brazil (1928)
SS Brazil was a US turbo-electric ocean liner. She was completed in 1928 as Virginia, and refitted and renamed Brazil in 1938. From 1942 to 1946 she was the War Shipping Administration operated troopship Brazil. She was laid up in 1958 and scrapped in 1964.
Frank Mundy
Frank "Rebel" Mundy (born Francisco Eduardo Menendez; June 18, 1918 – May 15, 2009) was an American stock car racer. He competed in the American Automobile Association (AAA) stock cars, winning the 1955 national championship, before the series changed to United States Auto Club (USAC) sanction. He also raced in NASCAR's Grand National (now NASCAR Cup Series) and won three races under that sanction.

Mundy attempted to qualify for the 1954 Indianapolis 500 but did not make the field.

AAA and USAC Stock Car
The USAC Stock Car division was the stock car racing class sanctioned by the United States Auto Club (USAC). The division raced nationally; drivers from USAC's open wheel classes like Indy cars, Silver Crown, sprints, and midgets frequently competed in races and won championships. Several NASCAR drivers raced in USAC Stock Cars at various points in their careers.

In the late 1950s, USAC Stock Cars rivaled NASCAR stock cars with races throughout the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. NASCAR owners Holman-Moody found racing in USAC Stock Cars to be appealing because of USAC's ties to the Indianapolis 500.
Haryana Gramin Bank
The Haryana Gramin Bank (HGB) is an Indian Regional Rural Bank (RRB) in Haryana established on 2 September 2013. The bank was formed by the amalgamation of Haryana Gramin Bank and Gurgaon Gramin Bank. The amalgamation was formalized via Gazette Notification No. S.O. 3536(E), dated 29.11.2013, issued by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. With its headquarters at Rohtak, it became the sole Regional Rural Bank (RRB) operating across the state of Haryana. It currently has 690 branches in rural areas of Haryana.

It functions under Regional Rural Banks' Act 1976 and is sponsored by Punjab National Bank. 
According to Notification No. S.O. 4833(E), the Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank has been renamed as Haryana Gramin Bank. On the request of its sponsor Punjab National Bank (PNB).

Punjab National Bank
Punjab National Bank, also known as PNB, is an Indian public sector bank based in New Delhi. Founded in May 1894, the bank has 10,189 branches and 11,822 ATMs as of March 2025.

PNB has a banking subsidiary in the UK (PNB International Bank, with seven branches in the UK), as well as branches in Hong Kong, Kowloon, Dubai, and Kabul. It has representative offices in Almaty (Kazakhstan), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Shanghai (China), Oslo (Norway), and Sydney (Australia). In Bhutan, it owns 51% of Druk PNB Bank, which has five branches. In Nepal, PNB owns 20% of Everest Bank, which has 122 branches. PNB also owns 41.64% of JSC (SB) PNB Bank in Kazakhstan, which has four branches.
Sierra SunTower
Sierra SunTower was a 5 MW commercial concentrating solar power (CSP) plant built and operated by eSolar. The plant is located in Lancaster, California. As of mid-September, 2022, the two towers that were the center of the facility are no longer standing.  However the rest of the plant is still present.

ESolar
eSolar is a privately held company that develops concentrating solar power (CSP) plant technology. The company was founded by the Pasadena-based business incubator Idealab in 2007. The company aims to develop a low cost alternative to fossil fuels through a combination of small heliostats, modular architecture, and a high-precision sun-tracking system. In October 2017, an article in GreenTech Media suggested that eSolar ceased business in late 2016.
Nathan Girvan
Nathan Girvan (born 6 November 2002) is a Scottish professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He reached the final of the 2017 BDO World Youth Darts Championship and also in 2019.

2017 BDO World Darts Championship
The 2017 BDO World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2017 Lakeside World Professional Darts Championship) was the 40th World Championship organised by the British Darts Organisation, and the 32nd staging at the Lakeside Country Club at Frimley Green.
Lauderdale County, Tennessee
Lauderdale County is a county located on the western edge of the U.S. state of Tennessee, with its border the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,143. Its county seat is Ripley. Since the antebellum years, it has been developed for cotton as a major commodity crop.

Tipton County, Tennessee
Tipton County is a county located on the western end of the U.S. state of Tennessee, in the Mississippi Delta region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,970. Its county seat is Covington. Tipton County, founded in 1823, is part of the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Berry L. Cannon
Berry Louis Cannon (March 22, 1935 – February 17, 1969) was an American aquanaut who served on the SEALAB II and III projects of the United States Navy. Cannon died while attempting to repair SEALAB III. A U.S. Navy Board of Inquiry concluded that Cannon died of carbon dioxide poisoning, and that his diving rig's baralyme canister, which should have absorbed the carbon dioxide Cannon exhaled, was empty.

Robert A. Barth
Robert August Barth (August 28, 1930 – March 26, 2020) was a United States Navy Chief Quartermaster, pioneering aquanaut and professional diver. He was the only diver to participate in all U.S. Navy SEALAB missions led by George F. Bond. Barth is considered to be the father of the Rolex Sea Dweller. In 1967, he developed the idea for the helium release valve which was patented by Rolex on November 6, 1967.
Nikola Kavaja
Nikola Kavaja (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Каваја; 3 October 1932 – 10 November 2008) was a Serbian anti-communist dissident and terrorist. Known as the "Tito Hunter", due to his repeated assassination attempts on Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. Kavaja served 18 years in prison in the United States for the hijacking of American Airlines Flight 293.

American Airlines Flight 293
American Airlines Flight 293 was a regularly scheduled flight from New York City (LaGuardia Airport) to Chicago (O'Hare International Airport).  On June 20, 1979, the aircraft serving the flight was hijacked by Nikola Kavaja, a Serbian nationalist and anti-communist. During the hijacking Kavaja demanded and received another airplane which he intended to crash into the headquarters of the Yugoslav Communist Party in Belgrade.  He was persuaded to surrender during a stop in Ireland.
Wakan, Oman
Wakan, Wukan or Wekan (Arabic: وكان, romanized: wkān) is a village in the wilayah of Nakhal in Oman. It lies on the slopes of the Wadi Mistal mountains at an altitude of approximately 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above sea level in the Western Hajar Mountains, 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Muscat and 56 kilometres (35 mi) from Nakhal.

The village is known for its terraced gardens and orchards, where pomegranates, apricots, peaches and dates are grown. Unlike the majority of Oman, where the climate is hot and dry, the village enjoys mild temperatures in summer and cold winters, thanks to its altitude and location. A system of falaj runs through the village, carrying water from the top of the mountain to irrigate the fields.

Farming and tourism are the main sources of income for its inhabitants.

Nakhal
Nakhal (Arabic: نَخَل) or Nakhl (Arabic: نَخْل) is a wilayah in Al Batinah South Governorate in Oman. It is home to many old castles and forts, including the pre-7th century Nakhal Fort.

Nakhal stand out with its fortress perched on a mountainous hill amidst a cluster of date palms, embodying a historical presence dating back to pre-Islamic times. Ain Al-Thawara being one of the hot springs gushes from Mount Sald adds to the natural features that distinguish the Wilayat Nakhal. The village of Wakan witnesses the phenomenon of apricot blossoms in the spring season, attracting tourists and visitors.
In the Wilayat Nakhal, there is also the Ramlat Khabat Al-Ja'adan, and the "Rimal Park" project won the competition for the best development project in the contest announced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning, competing with various governorates of the Sultanate of Oman.
Daddy-O Daylie
Holmes Daylie (May 15, 1920 – February 6, 2003) was a radio jock on radio stations in the 1940s and 1950s who rhymed, rapped, and played bebop and was one of the early pioneers of black-appeal radio. His upbeat patter and rhyming delivery from the 1940s to 1970s on stations WAAF, WMAQ, WAIT, WGN and other broadcast outlets and television stations brought Daddy-O-Daylie, as he was known, fame and following amongst both black and white audiences. He was inducted into the Black Radio Hall of Fame in Atlanta in 1990.

Joseph Deighton Gibson Jr.
Joseph Deighton Gibson Jr. (May 13, 1920 – January 30, 2000) was an American radio disc jockey and actor. He is regarded as the father of the Black appeal radio format.

To his peers in radio his nickname was "Jockey Jack," and he achieved renown for his annual Black radio convention, where he was known as Jack the Rapper, for an all-inclusive Black/urban music showcase and convention. He is listed in the Nevada Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame. In 1989, he was inducted into the Black Radio Hall of Fame.
Gropius House
The Gropius House is a historic house museum owned by Historic New England at 68 Baker Bridge Road in Lincoln, Massachusetts, United States. It was the family residence of Modernist architect Walter Gropius, his wife Ise Gropius (née Frank), and their daughter Ati Gropius. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000 for its association with Walter Gropius, as he was an influential teacher and leader of Modernist architecture.  The house includes a collection of Bauhaus-related materials.

Ati Gropius Johansen
Beate "Ati" Gropius Johansen (1926 — September 7, 2014) was a German-born graphic designer, artist, teacher, and illustrator. Her adoptive parents were Modernist architect Walter Gropius and his second wife Ise Frank Gropius, who was Ati's biological aunt. Throughout her career she illustrated 47 books. Her work is now part of various art institutions' collections.
Modern kana usage
Modern kana usage (現代仮名遣い, gendai kanazukai) is the present official kanazukai (system of spelling the Japanese syllabary). Also known as new kana usage (新仮名遣い, shin kanazukai), it is derived from historical usage.

Yotsugana
Yotsugana (四つ仮名; literally "four kana") are a set of four specific kana, じ, ぢ, ず, づ (in the Nihon-shiki romanization system: zi, di, zu, du), used in the Japanese writing system. They historically represented four distinct voiced morae (syllables) in the Japanese language. However, most dialects, such as Standard Japanese-speakers, have undergone mergers and now pronounce two sounds.