hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.

Palmerston Park
Palmerston Park is a football stadium on Terregles Street in Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.  It is the home ground of Scottish League One club Queen of the South, who have played there since 1919. South of Scotland League club Heston Rovers have shared Palmerston since 2013. The stadium has a capacity of 8,690 of which 3,377 are seats.
Arctic Archipelago Marine Ecozone (CEC)
The Arctic Archipelago Marine Ecozone, as defined by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), is a marine ecozone in the Canadian Arctic, encompassing Hudson Bay, James Bay, the internal waters and some shores of the islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and the shores of the territories, northern Ontario and western Quebec. Early exploration of these waters by Europeans were conducted to find a passage to the Orient, now referred to as the Northwest Passage.

It is inextricably tied to the terrestrial ecozones of the Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic, Hudson Plains, Taiga Shield, Taiga Plains, and Taiga Cordillera, as well as the marine ecozones of the Arctic Basin Marine and Northwest Atlantic Marine.

Northern Arctic Ecozone (CEC)
The Northern Arctic Ecozone, as defined by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), is a Canadian terrestrial ecozone which includes most of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the Boothia and Melville Peninsulas of Nunavut, and the northwestern tip of Quebec. Its marine borders are with the Arctic Archipelago Marine Ecozone, and it is adjacent to the mainland Southern Arctic Ecozone.

Sparsely populated, it is home to 15,000 inhabitants, approximately 80% of whom are Inuit. The largest settlement is Iqaluit. The cold winters are very dark, typically having no daylight for weeks or even months north of the Arctic Circle.
Scranton School for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children
The Scranton School for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children is a specialized private school located in South Abington Township, Pennsylvania (with a Clarks Summit postal address), serving deaf and hard of hearing students from Northeast and Central Pennsylvania, United States.  Formerly administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the Scranton State School for the Deaf was closed at the end of the 2008–2009 school year.  All rights to administer the school were transferred to the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.

At the commencement of the 2009–2010 school year, the name of the program responsible for administering deaf education in Northeast Pennsylvania was changed to The Scranton School for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children — a Program of the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.

Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
The Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf (WPSD) is a school for deaf and hard of hearing children in Edgewood, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1869. The school is listed as a Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark. The administrative building was built in 1903 by architects Alden & Harlow.
English Cocker Spaniel
The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. It is noteworthy for producing one of the most varied numbers of pups in a litter among all dog breeds. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sporting dog standing well up at the withers and compactly built. There are "field" or "working" cockers and "house" cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and is the foundation of its American cousin, the American Cocker Spaniel. The English Cocker is closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel. English Cocker Spaniels are also known as the "Merry Spaniel" due to their constantly wagging tails.

Outside the US, the breed is usually known simply as the Cocker Spaniel, as is the American Cocker Spaniel within the US. The OED states that the word cocker is derived from the fact the breed was used to flush woodcocks.

Field Spaniel
The Field Spaniel is a medium-sized dog breed of spaniel type. They were originally developed to be all-black show dogs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and were unpopular for work as a hunting dog. However, during the mid-20th century they were redeveloped as a longer-legged dog that was more suitable to be used for field work. They are now considered to be a rare breed, and are registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by The Kennel Club.

Their fur is darker than other spaniels and they have no undercoat like most of the other field type spaniels.
Alexander Pedler
Sir Alexander Pedler CIE FRS (21 May 1849 – 13 May 1918) was a British civil servant and chemist who worked in the Presidency College, Calcutta where he influenced early studies in chemistry in India by working with pioneer scientists like Prafulla Chandra Ray. He helped found the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Calcutta which in its early days was involved in reaching out to lay citizens interested in science.

Prafulla Chandra Ray
Sir Prafulla Chandra Ray CIE FNI FRASB FIAS FCS (also spelled Prafulla Chandra Roy; Bengali: প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র রায় Prôphullô Côndrô Rāẏ; 2 August 1861 – 16 June 1944) was a Bengali chemist, educationist, historian, industrialist and philanthropist. He established the first modern Indian research school in chemistry (post classical age) and is regarded as the Father of Indian Chemistry.

The Royal Society of Chemistry honoured his life and work with the first ever Chemical Landmark Plaque outside Europe. He was the founder of Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals, India's first pharmaceutical company. He is the author of  A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century (1902).
Monergism
In Christian theology, monergism primarily denotes the belief that God alone is the agent of human salvation. Divine monergism is most commonly associated with Augustinian, Lutheran and Reformed soteriology, the latter of which includes certain strands of Anglicanism. It is also a key component of some forms of Christian universalism. Secondarily, monergism can also refer to the belief that humans alone determine their salvation. Humanistic monergism is commonly associated with Pelagianism. Both perspectives contrast with synergism, which asserts that divine and human cooperation is essential for the conversion process.

Synergism
In Christian theology, synergism refers to the cooperative effort between God and humanity in the process of salvation. Before Augustine of Hippo (354–430), synergism was almost universally endorsed. Later, it came to be reflected in the so-called semi-Pelagian position and the semi-Augustinian stance affirmed by the Second Council of Orange (529). Synergism is affirmed by both the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodoxy. It is also present in various Protestant denominations, such as Anabaptist churches, and is particularly prominent in those influenced by Arminian theology, such as the Methodist churches.
Orlov Most Metro Station
Orlov Most (Bulgarian: Орлов мост) is a Sofia Metro station on M3 line. It was opened on 26 August 2020 as part of the inaugural section of the line, from Hadzhi Dimitar to Krasno Selo. The station is located between Teatralna and St. Patriarch Evtimiy. Transfer to SU St. Kliment Ohridski on M1 line is available.

SU St. Kliment Ohridski Metro Station
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Metro Station (Bulgarian: Метростанция „Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“) is a station on the Sofia Metro in Bulgaria. It was introduced into service on September 7, 2009. On 26 August 2020, transfer to Orlov Most on M3 line was opened.
Gin Act 1743
The Spirits Act 1742 (16 Geo. 2. c. 8), commonly known as the Gin Act 1743, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain that repealed the Gin Act 1736 (9 Geo. 2. c. 7) in favour of lower taxes and licence fees.

Gin Act 1736
The Spirit Duties Act 1735 (9 Geo. 2. c. 23), commonly known as the Gin Act 1736, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain that established a retail tax on gin and annual licenses for gin sellers. Designed to curb gin consumption, the law was widely disobeyed and then repealed in 1743.
Ghamd
The Ghamd (also transliterated as Ghamid, Arabic: غامد) is an Azd Arab tribe of the Hejaz Region. They are predominantly Sunni, and are considered one of the oldest tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Ghamid people are thought to be closely related to the neighboring tribe of Zahran.

The tribe's historical location is in the region of Al-Bahah in southwestern of Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia, a part of Arabia Felix ('Fortunate Arabia') which was used by geographers to describe the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, which enjoys more rainfall, is much greener than the rest of Arabia and has long enjoyed much more productive fields. Portions of the tribe also exist in Iraq, Jordan, Oman, Sudan, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

Zahran tribe
Zahran (Arabic: زهران), also known as Banū ʿZahrān ibn Kaʿab, is one of the oldest Arabian tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. It is regarded as one of the largest tribes in Al Bahah Province.

Al Baha is the homeland of Zahran and Ghamid. However, many tribes that descend from Zahran and Azd settled in Oman  and Tanukh under leadership of Malik bin Fehm in the 3rd century. Oman's modern royal family, Al Said, is said to descend from Zahran through Malik ibn Fehm. Moreover, many currently live in Mecca, Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam due to large migration from villages and small cities during the 1960s and 1970s in search of a better life.

Zahran is a well-known tribe before and after Islam. Many of them left their houses, homes, and relatives and joined the Prophet Muhammad in Medina.
Vittoria Nenni
Vittoria Gorizia Daubeuf (née Nenni; 31 October 1915 – 15 or 16 July 1943) was an Italian anti-fascist activist, active in the French Resistance during the Second World War. The daughter of Italian socialist politician Pietro Nenni, Vittoria and her family fled to France in 1928 to escape persecution and violence in Fascist Italy.

Nenni grew up in interwar France and married the publisher Henri Dabeuf in 1937. In 1942, during the Nazi occupation of France, Dabeuf was caught printing French Communist Party leaflets and executed by firing squad. Nenni was also arrested and deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where she spent seven months before dying of disease, probably typhoid fever.

Pietro Nenni
Pietro Sandro Nenni (Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro ˈnɛnni]; 9 February 1891 – 1 January 1980) was an Italian socialist politician and statesman, the national secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and senator for life since 1970. He was a recipient of the Stalin Peace Prize in 1951. He was one of the founders of the Italian Republic and a central figure of the Italian political left from the 1920s to the 1960s.
Austenitic stainless steel
Austenitic stainless steel is one of the five families of stainless steel (along with ferritic, martensitic, duplex and precipitation hardened). Its primary crystalline structure is austenite (face-centered cubic). Such steels are not hardenable by heat treatment and are essentially non-magnetic. This structure is achieved by adding enough austenite-stabilizing elements such as nickel, manganese and nitrogen. The Incoloy family of alloys belong to the category of super austenitic stainless steels.  Corrosion resistance is provided by the large percentage of alloyed chromium, the inclusion of which imparts a protective Cr2O3 layer on the exposed surface when chromium reacts with atmospheric oxygen.

Ferritic stainless steel
Ferritic stainless steels are a family of stainless steels with a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure and composed primarily of iron and chromium. They are characterized by being magnetic, non-hardenable by heat treating, and having excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). Ferritic stainless steel alloys are designated as part of the 400-series of stainless steels in the SAE steel grades numbering system. By comparison with austenitic stainless steels, these are less hardenable by cold working and less weldable, but more cost-effective due to the lower nickel content.
Artin L-function
In mathematics, Artin L-functions are a type of Dirichlet series defined for finite extensions of number fields, encoding informations about linear representations of Galois group, ramification of prime ideals and distribution of absolute norms of ideals.

These functions were introduced in 1923 by Emil Artin, in connection with his research into class field theory. They play important role in modern number theory and are generalizations of better-known functions like Dedekind zeta functions or Dirichlet L-functions. Some of their expected properties turned out to be difficult to prove.

One of the aims of proposed non-abelian class field theory is to incorporate the complex-analytic nature of Artin L-functions into a larger framework, such as is provided by automorphic forms and the Langlands program. So far, only a small part of such a theory has been put on a firm basis.

Dedekind zeta function
In mathematics, the Dedekind zeta function of an algebraic number field K, generally denoted , is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function that represents information of ideals in number ring in the similar way as Riemann zeta function represents information about integers.

Dedekind zeta functions generalize many properties of Riemann zeta function: they can be defined as a Dirichlet series, have an analytic continuation to a meromorphic function on the complex plane C with only a simple pole at s = 1, have an Euler product expansion, and satisfies a functional equation. Values of Dedekind zeta functions encode important arithmetic data of K.

The Dedekind zeta function is named for Richard Dedekind who introduced it in his supplement to Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie.
Thundersley
Thundersley is a town in the Castle Point borough of southeast Essex, England. It sits on a clay ridge shared with Basildon and Hadleigh, 31 miles (50 km) east of Charing Cross, London. The ecclesiastical parish of Thundersley St Peter takes in Daws Heath to the east.

Thundersley is classed as part of the "Thundersley and South Benfleet" built up area by the Office for National Statistics, which also includes Hadleigh and South Benfleet. This built up area had a population of 49,885 at the 2021 census.

Hadleigh, Essex
Hadleigh is a town in the borough of Castle Point, in the south-east of Essex, England. It lies on the A13 road between Thundersley, Benfleet and Leigh-on-Sea. The A127 'Southend Arterial Road' bypasses the town to the north.
Day by Day (Doris Day album)
Day by Day is a Doris Day album released by Columbia Records on December 17, 1956. The title is an obvious pun, both meaning "on a daily basis" (as implied in the song title) and "(Doris) Day, in the daytime" (and thus leading to a later album entitled Day by Night). The album was issued as Columbia catalog CL-942.

All tracks have vocals by Day accompanied by Paul Weston's orchestra.

The album was combined with Day's 1957 album, Day by Night, on a compact disc, issued on November 14, 2000 by Collectables Records.

Day by Night
Day by Night was a Doris Day album released on November 11, 1957 by Columbia Records,  It was released in two versions, catalog number CL-1053 (Mono) and CS-8089 (Stereo), though the stereo version was only released in 1959. It was a follow-up to her extremely successful album, Day by Day, released the previous year.

The album was combined with Day's 1956 album, Day by Day, on a compact disc, issued on November 14, 2000 by Collectables Records.
Cardinal Ritter High School
Cardinal Ritter High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school on West 30th Street in Indianapolis, Indiana.  It is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis.  Founded in 1964, it serves the west side of the Indianapolis metropolitan area.

Archdiocese of Indianapolis
The Archdiocese of Indianapolis (Latin: Archidioecesis Indianapolitana) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Indiana in the United States.

When it was originally erected as the Diocese of Vincennes on May 6, 1834, it encompassed all of Indiana as well as the eastern third of Illinois. It was renamed the Diocese of Indianapolis on March 28, 1898. Bishop Francis Chatard became the first bishop of Indianapolis. It was elevated from a diocese to a metropolitan archdiocese on October 21, 1944.

As of the 2000 census, the archdiocese contained 2,430,606 people, 233,273 of whom were Catholic. The archdiocese covers 39 counties in central and southern Indiana, with a total area of 13,757 square miles. Charles Thompson has been the archbishop of Indianapolis since 2017.
Air Georgian
Air Georgian Limited was a privately owned charter airline based at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Between 2000 and 2020 its main business was its operation as Air Canada Express on a Tier III codeshare with Air Canada for scheduled services on domestic and trans-border routes. Starting in 2020 Air Georgian began focusing on air charters, before ceasing operations in May, after a sale of its assets to Pivot Airlines, a company run by the same executives.

Air Georgian operated under the Subparts 704 and 705 of the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CAR 704, CAR 705) and had completed the IATA Operational Safety Audit. Air Georgian pilots were represented by the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA).

Pivot Airlines
2746904 Ontario Inc. doing business as Pivot Airlines is a Canadian charter airline, created in 2020 after purchasing the assets of defunct airline Air Georgian. In 2026, Pivot Airlines rebranded to Great North Airlines. Its air operator certificate allows for the operation of CRJ-100/200 and Dash-8 series aircraft. It is headed at Region of Waterloo International Airport in Breslau. In 2022, a Pivot Airlines charter flight was found to have millions of dollars' worth of cocaine onboard after landing in the Dominican Republic, and the crew on the flight were detained for 8 months due to the incident.
Myeongjong of Joseon
Myeongjong (Korean: 명종; Hanja: 明宗; 13 July 1534 – 12 August 1567), personal name Yi Hwan (이환; 李峘), was the 13th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Jungjong, born to Queen Munjeong.

He ascended to the throne in 1545 at the age of 12 following the death of his elder half-brother, King Injong. Since he was too young to govern, his mother became regent.

Injong of Joseon
Injong (Korean: 인종; Hanja: 仁宗; 20 March 1515 (lunar calendar: 25 February 1515) – 8 August 1545), personal name Yi Ho (이호; 李峼), was the 12th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. His father was King Jungjong and his mother was Queen Janggyeong, whose brother was Yun Im. As the firstborn, he became crown prince in 1520 and succeeded his father in 1544. He had the shortest reign amongst all of Joseon's kings.
Line 22 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 22 of the Shanghai Metro, formerly named Chongming line (Chinese: 崇明线; pinyin: Chóngmíng xiàn) is a rapid transit line on the Shanghai Metro that is part of the 2018–2023 Shanghai Metro plan. The Chongming line was previously treated as the last phase of Line 9, and was Line 19 until 2016, when it was renamed the Chongming line. It would then be renamed as Line 22 in September 2024.

The Chongming line will start at Jinji Road in Pudong and end at Yu'an in Chongming District, and will interchange with Lines 9 and 12. It will be 42.8 kilometres (26.6 mi) long, including a 40.7-kilometre (25.3 mi) underground section.

The phase I construction is expected to be opened at the end of 2026. The phase I start at Jinji Road in Pudong and end at Changxing Island in Chongming District, is 22.4 kilometers long, all of which are underground, with 5 stations and 1 vehicle base.

Line 9 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 9 is a southwest-northeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. The line runs from Shanghai Songjiang Railway Station in Songjiang District to Caolu in Pudong. The line is colored light blue on system maps.
Terry Farrell (architect)
Sir Terence Farrell CBE FRIBA FRSA FCSD (12 May 1938 – 28 September 2025) was a British architect and urban designer.

In 1980, after working for 15 years in partnership with Nicholas Grimshaw, Farrell founded his own firm, Farrells. He established his reputation with three completed projects in London in the late 1980s: Embankment Place, 125 London Wall and the SIS Building. He created contextual urban design schemes, as well as works of postmodernism such as the MI6 Building. In 1991, his practice opened an office in Hong Kong. In Asia his firm designed KK100 in Shenzhen and Guangzhou South railway station in Guangzhou.

Nicholas Grimshaw
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw CBE RA (9 October 1939 – 14 September 2025) was an English architect, particularly noted for several modernist buildings, including London's Waterloo International railway station and the Eden Project in Cornwall. He was president of the Royal Academy from 2004 to 2011. He was chairman of Grimshaw Architects (formerly Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners) from its foundation to 2019, when he was succeeded by Andrew Whalley. He was a recipient of the RIBA Gold Medal.
Bote people
The Bote people are an ethnic group indigenous to the inner Terai regions of Nepal. They speak Bote language. The Bote people are well-known for ferrying travellers across the rivers through the boats, which often are prepared from the trunks of the trees. They are scattered around the bank of Kaligandaki, Narayani and Rapti River of Nepal. Bote and Majhi people are known as the ‘King of water’. Their ancestral occupation is fishing, boating and searching gold in the river whose settlement is nearby river and forest. The dialect and culture of Bote people in several ways is similar to that of the Danuwars, Darai, Tharus and Majhi.

Majhi people
The Majhi people are an ethnic group indigenous to the inner Terai regions of Nepal. They live on the banks of rivers and streams, fishing, boating, making chillies, and make a living by farming. They speak Majhi language.The territories of Majhi people include hilly and inner Terai regions along the tributaries of Saptakoshi river like Sunkoshi, Tamakoshi, Dudhkoshi, Arun, Barun, Likhu, and Tamur. They have their own distinct language, religion, culture, rituals, custom and lifestyles. The Majhis belongs to the most marginalized group.