hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sneeuberge
The Sneeuberge or Sneeuberg mountain range was historically known as “Sneeuwbergen”, meaning ‘snow mountains’ in Cape Dutch, and refers to a significant portion of Southern Africa's Great Escarpment in the Cradock, Murraysburg, Richmond, Graaff-Reinet, Nieu-Bethesda and Middelburg districts of the Great Karoo, most of which are in the Eastern Cape Province.

They are geologically part of the Karoo System and fall within the Karoo semi-arid climatic region. As their name suggests, the mountains have frigid winters, with occasional snowfalls during strong cold fronts. Summers are hot with some late afternoon thunderstorms. The highest peak, called Kompasberg (2502m) (Afrikaans for Compass Mountain), is north of the small village of Nieu-Bethesda and dominates all surrounding areas with its prominent steep-sided height.

Nieu-Bethesda
Nieu-Bethesda (Afrikaans for New Bethesda), renamed KwaNoheleni in January 2026, is a village in the Eastern Cape at the foot of the Sneeuberge, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Graaff Reinet. It was founded in 1875 as a church town, like many other Karoo villages, and attained municipal status in 1886. The name is of biblical origin (John 5:2–4) and means "place of flowing water".

In 2023, it was proposed for Nieu-Bethesda to be renamed to Kwa-Noheleni. The name change was approved in January 2026 by the Minister of Sport, Arts and Culture, with the change taking place in February 2026.
Cherry Street, Hong Kong
Cherry Street (Chinese: 櫻桃街) is a street in Tai Kok Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was a street to Tai Kok Tsui Ferry Pier. After the reclamation of the West Kowloon in 1990s, it became a road across the new reclamation and a tunnel was built under the Olympic station.

The name of street, cherry, like other streets in Tai Kok Tsui, was named after different kinds of trees.

The construction shaft of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link is also located there.

Tai Kok Tsui
Tai Kok Tsui is an area west of Mong Kok in Yau Tsim Mong district in the Kowloon region of Hong Kong. The mixed land use of industrial and residential is present in the old area. The Cosmopolitan Dock and oil depots were previously located there. Blocks of high-rise residential buildings have been erected on the reclaimed area to the west, which marked the revitalisation of the area with many restaurants and bars setting up shop. Many of the older residential buildings have been vacated and are set to be replaced by high-rise residential and commercial buildings.
Richard Palmer (entrepreneur)
Richard Palmer is an entrepreneur and the founder of the company D3O Lab.

In 1999,  Palmer founded an innovation consultancy after studying at the Royal College of Art, working with clients such as Herman Miller and Levi's. Palmer's office/studio design won the Times & Gestetner Digital Office Award, competing against entrants such as Ted Baker and Sainsbury's. During this time, Palmer invented a new protective garment material since branded as D3O. The company received government funding to develop military hardware and has since won the o2 and Arena Magazine Entrepreneur of the Year award. Palmer was nominated for the European Inventor Award 2019.

D3O
D3O is the namesake ingredient brand of British company D3O Lab, specializing in rate-sensitive impact protection technologies based on dilatant materials, also known as viscoelastic or shear thickening materials.

The brand focuses on designing and adding materials, including set foams, formable foams, set elastomers, and formable elastomers. to various products to improve their flexibility, durability, or impact-protection compared to unarmored, hard-armored, or foam-armored products.

D3O is sold in multiple countries, it is used in sports and motorcycle gear, protective cases for consumer electronics, industrial workwear, and military protection, including helmet pads and limb protectors.  Competitors also producing viscoelastic armor pads include RHEON, SAS-TEC, Knox MicroLock and TF impact armor.
Poprad Landscape Park
Poprad Landscape Park (Popradzki Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in southern Poland, named after the Poprad river running through it.

The Park, with the total area of 54,212 ha (133,960 acres), is one of the biggest landscape parks in the country, created in 1987. It lies within Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in the part of the Beskid mountain range called Western Carpathians south of Nowy Sącz, in the basin of the Poprad river with its picturesque gorge. It borders Slovakia.

Poprad (river)
The Poprad (Hungarian: Poprád, German: Popper) is a river in northern Slovakia and southern Poland, and a tributary of the Dunajec River near Stary Sącz, Poland. It has a length of 170 kilometres (63 km of which are within the Polish borders) and a basin area of 2,077 km2, (1,594 km2 of which is in Slovakia, and 483 km2 in Poland). Much of the Polish part of its basin is included in the protected area called Poprad Landscape Park featuring the Poprad River Gorge, a popular tourist destination between the towns of Piwniczna and Rytro.

Poprad is the only large Slovak river flowing north into southern Poland. The river flows through the Slovak towns of Poprad, Kežmarok, Stará Ľubovňa, then forms for 31.1 km the Polish-Slovak border and flows through the Polish towns of Krynica-Zdrój, Muszyna, Piwniczna-Zdrój, Rytro, Stary Sącz, and Żegiestów, among others.
Baltic Bees Jet Team
The Baltic Bees Jet Team is a civilian aerobatic display team based in Jūrmala Airport (EVJA), Latvia, 60km west of the capital, Riga. The team consists of six Czechoslovak Aero L-39 Albatros jets.

The team flies a display lasting around 20 minutes that includes formation flying, opposition passes, solo routines, and synchronized manoeuvres.

They fly in shows in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Russia, as well as in China.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, during an air show in China, some of the aircraft were left stranded there. However, the aircraft left at Tukums, have been conducting pleasure flights in Italy, away from the team’s usual base in Latvia.

The last jets stranded in China were recovered over the winter, allowing the team to resume airshow activities later in 2024. The team will participate in the ANTIDOTUM airshow, Suwalki Air Show, Airshow Mielec and Radom Airshow, in June (2), July and in August 2025 respectively.

Jūrmala Airport
Jūrmala Airport (ICAO: EVJA) is an airport located 5 km (3 mi) in Smārde Parish, Tukums Municipality, in the Courland region of Latvia, southeast of Tukums.

All of the airport's technical infrastructure, runway and buildings are what was left of the former Soviet military Tukums air base, which was a spartan military airfield with a single long ramp and revetted area.  The base was completely abandoned, but in 2010 the conversion of the base to a civil airport with passenger terminals started. This airport is the also the home of the Baltic Bees Jet Team
KF Korabi Peshkopi
KF Korabi is an Albanian football club based in Peshkopi, named after the nearby Mount Korab, which is the tallest mountain in Albania and North Macedonia. The club's home ground is the Korabi Stadium.

Korabi Stadium
Korabi Stadium (Albanian: Stadiumi I Korabit is a multi-use stadium in Peshkopi, Albania. The stadium has a capacity of 6,000 people and it is mostly used for football matches and it is the home ground of Korabi Peshkopi.
TVB
Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB; Chinese: 電視廣播有限公司) is a Hong Kong television network that began broadcasting on 19 November 1967. It operates five free-to-air terrestrial television channels, with TVB Jade as its main Cantonese service, and TVB Pearl as its main English service. Since 2003, TVB has been headquartered at TVB City in the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate. Historically a cultural powerhouse in the Chinese-speaking world, TVB is known for its television dramas, the Miss Hong Kong and Miss Chinese International pageants, and for launching the careers of many Hong Kong actors and artists.

TVB Jade
TVB Jade (Chinese: 無綫電視翡翠台), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Broadcasting started on 19 November 1967. It is headquartered at TVB City at the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate in Tseung Kwan O, in the Sai Kung District. Primarily broadcasting entertainment programming, TVB Jade has historically been the most dominant television channel in the region in terms of viewership, with its closest competitor having been the now-defunct ATV Home.

Jade primarily broadcasts in the Cantonese language; it has also offered programs with alternative audio tracks in Mandarin, English, and other foreign languages. Some shows also offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Lamu County
Lamu County is a county in Kenya located along the North Coast of the country and is one of the six Coastal Counties in Kenya. Its capital is the town of Lamu. It borders Tana River County to the southwest, Garissa County to the north, Somalia to the northeast, and the Indian Ocean to the South.  It is the smallest county in Kenya by population.

The county has a land surface of 6,273.1 km2 (2,422.1 sq mi), including the mainland and over 65 islands that form the Lamu Archipelago. The total length of the coastline is 130 km (81 mi), while the land water mass area stands at 308 km2 (119 sq mi).

Garissa County
Garissa County is a county in Kenya located in Eastern Kenya bordering Somalia to the East, Wajir County and Isiolo County to the North, Tana River County to the West, Lamu County to the South and the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest urban area is Garissa.

The county was created by the 2010 Constitution of Kenya as a new unit of the devolved government. Prior to the 2010 constitution, Garissa County was part of the North Eastern Province which was one of the former provinces of Kenya. The North Eastern Province was carved out of the then Northern Frontier District (NFD) prior to independence.

The county had a population of 800,000 at the 2019 Census, and a land area of about 44,753 km2 (17,279 sq mi). The majority of the population in Garissa County is of Somali ethnic background. This includes subgroups like the Ogaden, Degodia, Ajuran, and others. There are also smaller populations of other ethnic groups.
Ophthalmosaurus
Ophthalmosaurus (Greek ὀφθάλμος ophthalmos 'eye' and σαῦρος sauros 'lizard') is a genus of ichthyosaur known from the Middle-Late Jurassic. Possible remains from the earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian stage) are also known. It was a relatively medium-sized ichthyosaur, measuring 4 m (13 ft) long and weighing 940 kg (2,070 lb). Named for its extremely large eyes, it had a jaw containing many small but robust teeth. Major fossil finds of this genus have been recorded in Europe with a second species possibly being found in North America.

Nannopterygius
Nannopterygius (meaning "small wing/flipper" in Greek) is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur that lived during the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (Callovian to Berriasian stages). Fossils are known from England, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Norway and six species are currently assigned to the genus.
The Interest of Love
The Interest of Love (Korean: 사랑의 이해) is a South Korean television series starring Yoo Yeon-seok, Moon Ka-young, Keum Sae-rok, and Jung Ga-ram,  based on a novel of the same Korean title by writer Lee Hyuk-jin. It aired on JTBC from December 21, 2022 to February 9, 2023, every Wednesday and Thursday at 22:30 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Netflix in selected regions.

Moon Ga-young
Moon Ga-young (Korean: 문가영; born July 10, 1996) is a South Korean actress and model. In 2005, she started on her career as a child model. The following year, in 2006, she made her debut as a child actress with the film Bloody Reunion.

She is best known for her roles in Heartstrings (2011), Exo Next Door (2015), Tempted (2018), Welcome to Waikiki 2 (2019), Find Me in Your Memory (2020), True Beauty (2020–2021), Link: Eat, Love, Kill (2022),  The Interest of Love (2022–2023) and My Dearest Nemesis (2025).
Improvised firearm
Improvised firearms (sometimes called  zip guns, pipe guns, or slam guns) are firearms manufactured by an entity other than a registered firearms manufacturer or a gunsmith. Improvised firearms are typically constructed by adapting existing materials to the purpose. They range in quality, from crude weapons that are as much a danger to the user as the target, to high-quality arms produced by cottage industries using salvaged and repurposed materials.

Improvised firearms may be used as tools by criminals and insurgents and are sometimes associated with such groups; other uses include self-defense in lawless areas and hunting game in poor rural areas.

Homemade firearm
A homemade firearm, also called a ghost gun or privately made firearm (PMF), is a firearm made by a private individual, in contrast to one produced by a corporate or government entity. The term ghost gun is used mostly in the United States, where it was coined by gun control advocates to describe the untraceability of such weapons, but has also been reappropriated by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), some gun rights advocates and the firearm industry.
Tantour
The tantour (tantoor) is a form of cone-shaped women's headdress similar to the hennin, popular in the Levant during the nineteenth century, but seldom seen after 1850 outside of use as a folk costume. The tantour was usually only worn by wealthy noblewomen and often decorated with precious jewels and pearls, with most expensive tantours being made of gold or silver. Being an honored headdress, the tantour was a customary gift presented to the bride by her husband on their wedding day.

Hennin
The hennin (French: hennin French pronunciation: [enɛ̃]; possibly from Flemish Dutch: henninck meaning cock or rooster) was a headdress in the shape of a cone, steeple, or truncated cone worn in the Late Middle Ages by European women of the nobility. They were most common in Burgundy and France, but also elsewhere, especially at the English courts, and in Northern Europe, Hungary and Poland. They were little seen in Italy. It is unclear what styles the word hennin described at the time, though it is recorded as being used in French areas in 1428, probably before the conical style appeared. The word does not appear in English until the 19th century.  The term is therefore used by some writers on costume for other female head-dresses of the period.

In pop culture, the hennin is often used to identify princesses and other important women in a royal court.
David Fergusson (theologian)
David Alexander Syme Fergusson OBE FRSE FBA (born 3 August 1956) is a Scottish theologian and Presbyterian minister. Since 2021, he has been Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge.

Regius Professor of Divinity
The Regius Professorships of Divinity are amongst the oldest professorships at the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. A third chair existed for a period at Trinity College Dublin.

The Oxford and Cambridge chairs were founded by Henry VIII. The chair at Cambridge originally had a stipend of £40 per year (which is still paid to the incumbent by Trinity College), later increased by James I with the rectory of Somersham, Cambridgeshire.
Glossary of Australian railway terms
This article lists some of the terminology used at present and in the past by Australian railway employees, contractors, railway historians and railway enthusiasts. Many of the terms appear from time to time in specialist, rail-related publications.

Significant regional variations have existed, indicated when applicable in this glossary by abbreviations of the state (e.g. Vic, NSW) or railway (e.g. SAR). Throughout Australia, much terminology has persisted since the colonial period, when British technology predominated. In the case of the former South Australian Railways, however, many North American terms and practices were introduced during the incumbency of William Alfred Webb, the American railways commissioner of the SAR between 1922 and 1930.  SAR employees' enthusiasm for US railroad developments perpetuated these terms.

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
McKinley Monument
The McKinley Monument is a 96-foot (29 m) tall obelisk in Niagara Square, Buffalo, New York. Its location in front of Buffalo City Hall defines the center of Buffalo that all of the main roads converge on.

The monument was commissioned by the State of New York and dedicated September 6, 1907 to the memory of William McKinley, 25th President of the United States, who was fatally shot while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6, 1901. Daniel H. Burnham influenced the process of designing the monument by advising that an obelisk should be built in order to call to the importance and significance of the monument. A full restoration had occurred in 2017 as the result of environmental conditions compromising the integrity of the monument.

Niagara Square
Niagara Square is a public square located at the intersections of Delaware Avenue, Court Street, Genesee Street, and Niagara Street in Buffalo, New York.  It is the central hub of Joseph Ellicott's original radial street pattern that he designed in 1804 for the then village of New Amsterdam.  It continues to be the nexus of downtown Buffalo.
Protostrator
Prōtostratōr (Greek: πρωτοστράτωρ) was a Byzantine court office, originating as the imperial stable master. Its proximity to the imperial person led to a highly visible role in imperial ceremonies, and served as a springboard for several capable individuals, like Manuel the Armenian or the future emperors Michael II and Basil I the Macedonian, to reach the highest offices. From the mid-11th century, the post rose in importance, becoming more an honorific dignity for senior members of the court, than an actual office. From the 13th century on, the post could be held by several persons, and ranked eighth in the overall hierarchy of the court. Throughout its history, it was a title often borne by senior military commanders. The female form of the title, given to the wives of the prōtostratores, was prōtostratorissa (πρωτοστρατόρισσα).

Manuel the Armenian
Manuel the Armenian (Ancient Greek: Μανουήλ ὁ Ἀρμένιος), was a prominent Byzantine general of Armenian origin, active from c. 810 until his death. After reaching the highest military ranks, a palace conspiracy forced him to seek refuge in the Abbasid court in 829. He returned to Byzantine service the next year, receiving the position of Domestic of the Schools from Emperor Theophilos, who had married his niece Theodora. Manuel remained in the post throughout Theophilos's reign, and reportedly saved the emperor's life in the Battle of Anzen in 838. According to one report, he died on 27 July 838 of wounds received during the battle, but other sources record his survival past this date, ascribing him a major role in the regency that governed the empire after Theophilos's death, and report that he died some time around 860.
Gary Schutt
Gary Schutt (born 1967) is an American rock musician who rose to prominence in Los Angeles during the 1990s while working with Jeff Scott Soto and Takara. In 1994, he moved to Florida and joined Signal Zero, later launching his solo career in 1999 with the release of Playthings. Schutt is currently in his own band, Panic Fire; and the tribute band, Diary of an Ozzman, based out of Tampa Bay, Florida.

Takara (band)
Takara was an American rock band, formed in 1987 in Los Angeles, California. Takara recorded 5 studio albums for several different record labels in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. Founding member and lead guitarist Neal Grusky, and bassist Carl Demarco remained permanent fixtures in the band since its early days.
Gjallarbrú
In Norse mythology, Gjallarbrú (lit. "bridge of Gjöll") is a bridge that crosses the river Gjöll, serving as the passage to reach Hel.

It figures most prominently in Snorri Sturluson's Gylfaginning, in the section of the Baldr myth that recounts Hermód's journey to Hel in an attempt to retrieve Baldr. After riding for nine nights through deep, dark valleys, Hermód reaches the bridge, where he  converses with Módgud, the maiden who guards it. She asks his name and lineage and informs him that five companies of dead men crossed the bridge the previous day, yet it trembles no more beneath their passage than under his alone, and he does not resemble the dead.

When she inquires about his purpose, Hermód explains his mission and asks whether Baldr has passed that way. She replies that Baldr has indeed come and directs him onward, stating that the road to Hel lies downwards and to the north. Snorri adds that the bridge is thatched with glittering gold.

Hel (location)
Hel (Old Norse: [ˈhel]) is an afterlife location in Norse mythology and paganism. It is ruled over by a being of the same name, Hel. In late Icelandic sources, varying descriptions of Hel are given and various figures are described as being buried with items that will facilitate their journey to Hel after their death. In the Poetic Edda, Brynhildr's trip to Hel after her death is described and Odin, while alive, also visits Hel upon his horse Sleipnir. In the Prose Edda, Baldr goes to Hel on his death and subsequently Hermóðr uses Sleipnir to attempt to retrieve him.
Akinji
Akinji, akıncı or akindji (Ottoman Turkish: آقنجى, romanized: aḳıncı, lit. 'raider', IPA: [akɯnˈdʒɯ]; plural: akıncılar) were Turkish irregular light cavalry, scout divisions (deli) and advance troops of the Ottoman Empire's military. When the pre-existing Turkish ghazis were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire's military they became known as "akıncı." Unpaid, they lived and operated as raiders on the frontiers of the Ottoman Empire, subsisting on plunder. In German sources these troops were called Renner und Brenner (English: "Runner and burner"). There is a distinction made between "akıncı" and "deli" cavalry.

Ghazi (warrior)
A ghazi (or gazi /ˈɡæzi/; Arabic: غازي ghāzī [ɣaːˈziː], pl. ghuzāt) is an individual who participated in a ghazwa (غَزْو [ɣazw]) – a military expedition or raid against those whom they considered "Kafirs". Early Islamic literature characterised as ghazwa the expeditions led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad; later, Turkic military commanders used the word to refer to their wars of conquest.

In the context of the wars between Russia and the Muslim peoples of the Caucasus, starting as early as Sheikh Mansur's  resistance to Russian expansion from 1785 to 1791, the word ghazwa usually appears in the form gazavat (Russian: газават).

In English-language literature, the word ghazw often appears as "razzia", a borrowing through French from Maghrebi Arabic.

In modern Turkic languages, such as Turkish and Azerbaijani, the word gazi refers to veterans, and also (as a title) to Turkic Muslim champions such as Ertuğrul (Ertuğrul Ghazi) and Sultan Osman I (Osman Ghazi).