hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South African Class GL 4-8-2+2-8-4
The South African Railways Class GL 4-8-2+2-8-4 of 1929 was an articulated steam locomotive.

In 1929 and 1930, the South African Railways placed eight Class GL Garratt articulated steam locomotives with a 4-8-2+2-8-4 Double Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. Built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in Manchester, England, they were originally designed to work on the Durban to Cato Ridge section of the Natal mainline. The Class GL was eventually displaced to the route between Glencoe and Vryheid before spending their final working years operating on the line from Stanger to Empangeni.

Beyer, Peacock and Company
Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English general engineering company and railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester. Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson founded the company in 1854. The company closed its railway operations in the early 1960s. It retained its stock market listing until 1976, when it was bought and absorbed by National Chemical Industries of Saudi Arabia.
Guru Gita
The Guru Gita (lit. 'Song of the Guru') is a Hindu scripture that is said to have been authored by the sage Vyasa. The verses of this scripture may also be chanted. The text is part of the larger Skanda Purana. There are several versions of the Guru Gita, varying from around 100 to over 400 verses. Another view is that Guru Gita is part of Viswasara Tantra.

In the Siddha Yoga tradition, the Guru Gita is considered to be an "indispensable text"; few other traditions also share that view. Muktananda chose 182 verses to create a unique version of the Guru Gita, which has its own melody for chanting.

The text of the Guru Gita describes a conversation between the Hindu god Shiva and his wife, the goddess Parvati, in which she asks him how to achieve liberation. Shiva answers her by describing the guru principle, the proper ways of worshiping the guru and the methods and benefits of repeating the Guru Gita.

Siddha Yoga
Siddha Yoga is a spiritual path founded by Swami Muktananda (1908–1982). According to its literature, the Siddha Yoga tradition is "based mainly on eastern philosophies" and "draws many of its teachings from the Indian yogic texts of Vedanta and Kashmir Shaivism, the Bhagavad Gita and the poet-saints." The present head of Siddha Yoga is Gurumayi Chidvilasananda.

Ashrams and meditation centers provide places to learn and practice Siddha Yoga. The two main ashrams are Gurudev Siddha Peeth in Ganeshpuri, India, and Shree Muktananda Ashram in New York State, United States. Siddha Yoga has meditation centers in several countries, including India, the United States, Australia, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Japan.
Bank of Upper Canada Building
The Bank of Upper Canada Building is a former bank building in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and one of the few remaining buildings in Toronto that predate the 1834 incorporation of the city. It is located at 252 Adelaide Street East (originally 28 Duke Street), in the Old Town district. Opened in 1827, in what was then the town of York, the building housed the Bank of Upper Canada until the bank's collapse in 1866. It was then used for school purposes and later for various commercial and industrial purposes before being restored in 1982 as commercial office space. The building has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada since 1977.

First Toronto Post Office
Toronto's First Post Office (also known as the Fourth York Post Office National Historic Site) is a historic post office in Toronto, Ontario. It is the oldest purpose-built post office in Canada that functioned as a department of the British Royal Mail, and the only surviving example. After its initial use as a post office, it became part of a Roman Catholic boys' school (De La Salle College) and later a cold storage building. Located at 260 Adelaide Street East in downtown Toronto, the building now houses a museum and a full-service post office, run by the Town of York Historical Society.
Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge
Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge is a 2001 American fantasy comedy film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie for the Halloween season. It is the second installment in the Halloweentown series. Set two years after the first film, Marnie returns to find Halloweentown's citizens transformed into dull, black-and-white humans. With the help of her friend Luke and Grandma Aggie, she seeks to uncover and reverse the "Grey Spell" before it is too late.

Halloweentown (film)
Halloweentown is a 1998 American fantasy comedy film directed by Duwayne Dunham and written by Paul Bernbaum, Jon Cooksey, Ali Matheson, from a story by Bernbaum. The first installment in Halloweentown series, it stars Debbie Reynolds, Kimberly J. Brown, Joey Zimmerman, and Judith Hoag. It is the fourth Disney Channel Original Movie. The film premiered on Disney Channel on October 17, 1998. It centers on Marnie, who learns she is a witch on her 13th Halloween and is transported to Halloweentown—a magical place where ghosts, ghouls, witches, and werewolves live apart from the human world, but she soon finds herself battling wicked warlocks, evil curses, and endless surprises.
The Secret Policeman
The Secret Policeman is a documentary about an undercover reporter that reveals racism among police recruits in Manchester, England. It was screened by the BBC in October 2003. It was filmed by Mark Daly, an investigative journalist, who joined the Greater Manchester Police Service and spent several months undercover at the Bruche National Training Centre in Warrington, Cheshire. He filmed episodes of racist behaviour among some recruits and their trainers.

Bruche Police National Training Centre
Bruche Police Training Centre, Warrington, Lancashire was a training complex for probationary police officers in the United Kingdom. The site in a suburb of Warrington was operated by CENTREX, the 'Central Police Training and Development Authority'. It opened in January 1946 and closed in May 2006.
Makano
Hernán Enrique Jiménez Pino (born May 7, 1983), is a Panamanian singer better known by his stage name Makano. At the age of 12, Jiménez was part of a reggaeton group called "Los Makanos". The members of the group made a promise that the first of them to record a full album would carry on the group's name. Makano in Panama and Colombia means "strong like a tree".

When he was 16, Jiménez was writing quality music, but his father discouraged him from music, saying he needed to get a real job. After several years of trying, an opportunity appeared and Jimenez appeared on the CD La Alianza in 2004. Afterward, he was given the chance to record several songs, which later became number one hits in Panama. In 2007, Jimenez signed with Panama Music and recorded his first album as a solo singer: Te Amo Rosemary, which features the songs "Yo Quisiera Vivir", "Te Va a Doler", "Te Amo" and "Déjame Entrar".

In the week of May 23 and May 30, 2009, Te Amo was number 1 on Billboard Hot Latin Songs.

Te Amo (album)
Te Amo (I Love You) is the first studio album released by Panamanian singer-songwriter Makano on November 18, 2008. This album includes the single "Te Amo", which peaked at number-one in the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart. Te Amo was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year.
Android Beam
Android Beam is a discontinued feature of the Android mobile operating system that allowed data to be transferred via near field communication (NFC). It allowed the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos, and other data. Android Beam was introduced in 2011 with Android Ice Cream Sandwich. This was improved after Google acquired Bump.
By 2017, ComputerWorld included Android Beam in a list of "once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away", observing that "despite the admirable marketing effort, Beam never quite worked particularly well, and numerous other systems for sharing stuff proved to be simpler and more reliable."

Android Beam was deprecated starting with Android 10 in January 2019, and was removed completely in Android 14. Google replaced Android Beam with the introduction of Nearby Share, which is an AirDrop competitor by Google.

Nearby Share
Nearby Share was a functionality developed by Google that allowed data to be transferred between devices via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi Direct or Internet. In 2024, it was merged into Samsung's Quick Share. It was available for Android, ChromeOS and Microsoft's Windows. It was first released on August 4, 2020.

Nearby Share is not to be confused with Microsoft's similarly-named "nearby sharing" feature, which is only available for PCs running Windows 10 or later and uses Microsoft's own proprietary protocol.
Treaty of Tingmosgang
The Treaty of Tingmosgang (Tibetan: གཏིང་མོ་སྒང་འགྲེལ་ཚན, Wylie: Tingmosgang 'drel tshan), also known as the Treaty of Temisgam, was a tripartite peace agreement signed in 1684 between the Kingdom of Ladakh and the Ganden Phodrang of Tibet, with the support of the Qing dynasty, at the end of the Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war. The original text of the Treaty of Tingmosgang no longer survives, but its contents are summarized in the Ladakh Chronicles. The treaty contained clauses that established diplomatic relations, delineated borders, and regulated trade between Ladakh and Tibet.

Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
The Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war of 1679–1684 was fought between the Central Tibetan Ganden Phodrang government, with the assistance of Oirat Mongolian Khoshut Khanate and the Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh with assistance from the Mughal Empire in Kashmir. Which in the late 17th century, Ladakh sided with Bhutan in its dispute with Tibet. The Tibetans decided to punish Ladakh for interfering in their relations with Bhutan and the oppression of Gelug monasteries in Ladakh.
Fermionic field
In quantum field theory, a fermionic field is a quantum field whose quanta are fermions; that is, they obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermionic fields obey canonical anticommutation relations rather than the canonical commutation relations of bosonic fields.

The most prominent example of a fermionic field is the Dirac field, which describes fermions with spin-1/2: electrons, protons, quarks, etc. The Dirac field can be described as either a 4-component spinor or as a pair of 2-component Weyl spinors. Spin-1/2 Majorana fermions, such as the hypothetical neutralino, can be described as either a dependent 4-component Majorana spinor or a single 2-component Weyl spinor. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Majorana fermion or a Dirac fermion; observing neutrinoless double-beta decay experimentally would settle this question.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Mount Maunganui
Mount Maunganui (Māori pronunciation: [ˈmaʉŋaˌnʉi], locally /ˌmɒŋəˈnuːi/) is a major residential, commercial and industrial suburb of Tauranga located on a peninsula to the north-east of Tauranga's city centre. It was an independent town from Tauranga until the completion of the Tauranga Harbour Bridge in 1988, which connects Mount Maunganui to Tauranga's central business district.

Mount Maunganui is also the name of the large lava dome which was formed by the upwelling of rhyolite lava about two to three million years ago. It is officially known by its Māori name Mauao, but is colloquially known in New Zealand simply as The Mount.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "large mountain" for Maunganui.

Mount Maunganui (mountain)
Mount Maunganui, or Mauao, known to locals as The Mount, is a 232 metre (760 foot) lava dome at the end of a tombolo in the Tauranga suburb of Mount Maunganui in New Zealand, beside the eastern entrance to the city's harbour.

Local Māori consider Mauao to be tapu (sacred), and it plays an important role in their mythology. They own the mountain and manage it jointly with Tauranga City Council.

Mauao is open to the public and is popular for scenic walks, jogging, paragliding and hang gliding. In recent years, fires and storm damage have required replanting and track repairs.
Casco Bay Lines
Casco Bay Lines (also known as the Casco Bay Island Transit District; abbreviated to CBITD) is a publicly run transportation company that services the residents of the islands of Casco Bay, Maine. The seven islands are Peaks Island, Little Diamond Island, Great Diamond Island, Diamond Cove, Long Island, Chebeague Island and Cliff Island.

The company has a fleet of five vessels. Schedules to the islands vary seasonally. During the summer months, more frequent trips serve the islands, while there are significantly fewer trips during the winter.

Casco Bay
Casco Bay is an open bay of the Gulf of Maine on the coast of Maine in the United States. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's chart for Casco Bay marks the dividing line between the bay and the Gulf of Maine as running from Bald Head on Cape Small in Phippsburg west-southwest to Dyer Point in Cape Elizabeth. The city of Portland and the Port of Portland are on Casco Bay's western edge.
1937 South American Basketball Championship
The 1937 South American Basketball Championship was the 5th edition of this tournament.  It was held in Valparaíso and Santiago, Chile and won by the host, Chile national basketball team.  A record 5 teams competed, including Peru in their first appearance.

Chile men's national basketball team
The Chile national basketball team is controlled by the Federación de Básquetbol de Chile. It is affiliated to FIBA, under the zone confederation of FIBA Americas.

In the 1950s, Chile had one of the finest national basketball teams in the world. In more recent years team has primarily competed regionally at the FIBA South American Championship.
John Burns (farmer)
John Burns (1769–1785) was the youngest brother of the poet Robert Burns and the last son born to William Burness and Agnes Broun. John was born at Mount Oliphant Farm on the Doonholm Estate near Alloway on the 12 July 1769. He was christened circa 21 July 1769 by Rev. Rev William Dalrymple.

Gilbert Burns (farmer)
Gilbert Burns (1760–1827), the younger brother of Robert Burns the poet, was born at Alloway. He married Jean Breckenridge in 1791, had six sons and five daughters, died in 1827, aged 66, and was buried at Bolton, East Lothian, Scotland. Gilbert's writings have contributed greatly to the bank of knowledge that exists regarding the life of his famous brother.
Glenn Orton
Glenn Scott Orton (born July 24, 1948) is an American planetary scientist and astronomer. Orton is a lead research scientist in the Planetary and Exoplanetary Atmospheres Group working on the Juno mission at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where he has spent his entire career.

Orton studies the gas giant planets and is credited with modeling the structure and composition of Uranus's atmosphere, for which he was awarded a NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal.

An asteroid is named for him.

NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal
The NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (abbrv. ESAM) was established by NASA on September 15, 1961, when the original ESM was divided into three separate awards. Under its guidelines, the ESAM is awarded for unusually significant scientific contribution toward achievement of aeronautical or space exploration goals. This award may be given for individual efforts that have resulted in a contribution of fundamental importance in this field, or have significantly enhanced understanding of this field.
Dick Carruthers
Richard Carruthers (born 25 March 1966, Sussex, England) is an English music video and film director, based in London, England. He directed the Led Zeppelin Celebration Day film and The Rolling Stones Bridges To Babylon DVD (as live concert director) as well as many other live music videos. Carruthers' work on the Oasis Definitely Maybe DVD was nominated for two BAFTAs.

Celebration Day (film)
Celebration Day is a concert film and live album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, recorded at the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert on 10 December 2007, in The O2 Arena, London. The film was given a limited theatrical release starting on 17 October 2012, and was released on several home audio and video formats on 19 November 2012. The performance, the film, and album releases have been widely praised.
Surp Bogos Church
Surp Bogos Church (Armenian: Սուրբ Պօղոս Եկեղեցի), (Turkish: Surp Boğos Kilisesi) is an Armenian Catholic church in Büyükdere, Sarıyer, northern Istanbul, Turkey. It was established as a wooden church in 1847, rebuilt in masonry in 1882, and consecrated in 1885.

Büyükdere, Sarıyer
Büyükdere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 8,586 (2022). It is situated on the European shore of the Bosphorus strait about 2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of Sarıyer. Its name means 'big stream' in Turkish, in reference to the river that used to flow into the Bosphorus here.

A 14-kilometre-long (8.7 mi) major road, Büyükdere Avenue, starts south of Büyükdere, and runs inland as far as  Şişli.

In the 19th century Büyükdere, like neighbouring Tarabya, was a popular summer retreat for members of Istanbul's foreign and diplomatic community and it still has several churches and embassy buildings dating back to that period. There was then a Büyükdere ferry terminal but although it has been restored it has not been put back into use (partly because of the road that was built in front of it on reclaimed land), meaning that most access to the neighbourhood is by bus along the coast road.
St Paul's Church, Adelaide
St Paul's Church was an Anglican church on Pulteney Street, Adelaide, on the northeast corner of Pulteney and Flinders streets.
It was built adjacent to the Pulteney Street School, predecessor of today's Pulteney Grammar School. The building still stands, and has been used as an entertainment venue.

Pulteney Grammar School
Pulteney Grammar School is an independent, Anglican, co-educational day school. Founded in 1847 by members of the Anglican Church, it is the second oldest independent school in South Australia. It is located on South Terrace in Adelaide.
Doron Ben-Ami
Doron Ben-Ami (Hebrew: דורון בן עמי; born 1965) is an Israeli archaeologist. Ben-Ami earned his PhD at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2003 where he was a member of the Institute of Archaeology as of 2009. He is the discoverer of the structure thought to be the palace of Queen Helena of Adiabene in the City of David, Jerusalem.

Since 2007, he has led the excavation in the Givati Parking Lot in the City of David, which is the largest, most comprehensive excavation in Jerusalem today, which has revealed important findings that contribute to understanding the history of the city.

Givati Parking Lot dig
The Givati Parking Lot dig (also called Wadi Hilwa Square) is an archaeological excavation located in Silwan in advance of building project commissioned by the El'ad Association. It is adjacent to the City of David archaeological site. The dig was conducted by Doron Ben-Ami and Yana Tchekhanovets of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the City of David Foundation. While the IAA conducts the excavations, the project and site is managed by El'ad.
Filippo Rinaldi
Filippo Rinaldi (28 May 1856 – 5 December 1931) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and a professed member of the Salesians of Don Bosco; he served as the third Rector Major for the order from 1922 until his death in 1931. He founded the Secular Institute of Don Bosco Volunteers. Rinaldi was close friends since his childhood to Giovanni Bosco and Paolo Albera and it was Bosco who guided Rinaldi who was torn in his adolescence between the farming life and the religious life. The order held him in high esteem from the outset and noted the potential within him as well as seeing the charism of Bosco encompassed in Rinaldi.

Rinaldi's beatification was celebrated under Pope John Paul II in 1990.

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Joe Stecher
Joe Stecher (April 4, 1893 – March 29, 1974), sometimes spelled Joe Stetcher, was an American professional wrestler and three-time World Heavyweight Wrestling Champion. Known for his ferocity, tremendous leg strength and extensive knowledge of the sport, Stecher is considered to be one of the greatest wrestlers of all time. In 2000, Stecher was inducted into the George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame.

World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship (original version)
The World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship was the first recognized professional wrestling world heavyweight championship created in 1905 to identify the best catch as catch can wrestler in the world.

The subsequent legacy of the championship is not linear, with the champion being disputed among various promotions until the formation of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) in 1948. The last several reigns are recognized by the NWA under the NWA World Heavyweight Championship's lineage.

The first recognized World Heavyweight Wrestling Champion was George Hackenschmidt, who officially won the championship on May 4, 1905, by defeating Tom Jenkins in New York City. The championship remained active for the next 51 years, with the last recognized reign being disputed between Lou Thesz and Édouard Carpentier after a match between the two ended in a legitimate disqualification.
Cedar Point, Kansas
Cedar Point is a city in Chase County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 22.  It is approximately five miles east of Florence and 0.5 mile south of U.S. Route 50 highway.

Chase County, Kansas
Chase County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Cottonwood Falls.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,572.  The county was named for Salmon Chase, a U.S. Senator from Ohio that was a Kansas statehood advocate.