hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diocese of Knoxville
The Diocese of Knoxville (Latin: Dioecesis Knoxvillensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Tennessee in the United States. It was founded on May 27, 1988, from the eastern counties of what was then the Diocese of Nashville. The diocese is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Louisville. The Mother Church is the Cathedral of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Knoxville. The diocese is one of the fastest growing dioceses in the United States, along with the neighbor diocese of Nashville.

Archdiocese of Louisville
The Archdiocese of Louisville (Latin: Archidiœcesis Ludovicopolitanais) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in central Kentucky in the United States. The cathedral church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral of the Assumption in Louisville, Kentucky. The archdiocese is the seat of the metropolitan see of the province of Louisville, which encompasses the states of Kentucky and Tennessee. The archdiocese is the second-oldest diocese west of the Appalachian Mountains, after the Archdiocese of New Orleans. As of 2023, the archbishop of Louisville is Shelton Fabre.
Jonathan Wathen
Jonathan Wathen (c. 1728 – 1807) was an English surgeon, who specialized in diseases of the eye and practiced in London during the Georgian era. He was teacher and mentor to the ophthalmologist James Ware and Sir Wathen Waller, the oculist to George III.

Sir Wathen Waller, 1st Baronet
Sir Jonathan Wathen Waller, 1st Baronet (né Phipps; 6 October 1769 – 1 January 1853), was an English eye surgeon, who practiced in London during the latter part of Georgian era. He was the eye doctor of King George III of Great Britain and his son William IV. He also attended the death of George IV.
Skylab Rescue
The Skylab Rescue Mission (also SL-R): iii  was an unflown rescue mission, planned as a contingency in the event of astronauts being stranded aboard the American Skylab space station. If flown, it would have used a modified Apollo Command Module that could be launched with a crew of two and return a crew of five.: 1–1

Astronauts Vance Brand and Don Lind were assigned as the rescue crew, in the event of the mission's necessity.  A rescue mission was considered when the Skylab 3 Command/Service Module (CSM) developed problems in its reaction control system (RCS) thrusters while docked to the station.  On the ground, space vehicles were assembled to fly rescue missions in support of both Skylab 3 and Skylab 4.  However, no rescue mission ever proved necessary.  All astronauts visiting Skylab returned safely to Earth in their original command modules.

Skylab
Skylab was the United States' first space station, launched by NASA, occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974. It was operated by three trios of astronaut crews: Skylab 2, Skylab 3, and Skylab 4. Skylab was constructed from a repurposed Saturn V third stage (the S-IVB), and took the place of the stage during launch. Operations included an orbital workshop, a solar observatory, Earth observation and hundreds of experiments. Skylab's orbit eventually decayed and it disintegrated in the atmosphere on July 11, 1979, scattering debris across the Indian Ocean and Western Australia.
University of Massachusetts School of Law
The University of Massachusetts School of Law (UMass Law) is a public law school in Dartmouth, Massachusetts. The only public law school in Massachusetts, it is the successor to Southern New England School of Law, a private law school that donated its campus and its assets to the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. It is accredited by the American Bar Association and part of the University of Massachusetts system.

University of Massachusetts
The University of Massachusetts (UMass) is the public university system of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The university system includes six campuses (Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth, Lowell, a medical school in Worcester and a law school in Dartmouth), a satellite campus in Springfield and 25 smaller campuses throughout California and Washington with the University of Massachusetts Global. The system enrolled 73,593 students in fall 2023.

The University of Massachusetts system is governed by a president and a 22-member board of trustees. The system administration is in Boston and Shrewsbury. Each of the institutions in the system is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.
Cyborg
A cyborg (/ˈsaɪbɔːrɡ/) is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts. It is a portmanteau of cybernetic and organism. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. In contrast to biorobots and androids, the term cyborg applies to a living organism that has undergone restoration of function or enhancements of abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on feedback.

Biorobotics
Biorobotics is an interdisciplinary science that combines the fields of biomedical engineering, cybernetics, and robotics to develop new technologies that integrate biology with mechanical systems to develop more efficient communication, alter genetic information, and create machines that imitate biological systems.
Gmina Dukla
Gmina Dukla is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the town of Dukla, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south of Krosno and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 233.5 square kilometres (90.2 sq mi), and as of 2010 its total population is 14,926 (of which the population of the town of Dukla is approximately 2,000).

As of 1 January 2010, part of the gmina was separated to form the new Gmina Jaśliska.

Gmina Jaśliska
Gmina Jaśliska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the village of Jaśliska.

Gmina Jaśliska was created as of 1 January 2010, out of part of Gmina Dukla. (Jaśliska was previously the seat of a gmina between 1934 and 1954, and between 1973 and 1976.)
1954 British Virgin Islands general election
General elections were held in the British Virgin Islands in 1954 for seats on the Legislative Council of the British Virgin Islands.

The previous election in 1950 had elected four members to the council on the basis of a Territory-wide vote.  The 1954 election was the first election to employ districting.  The Territory was divided into five districts, the largest of which (the 2nd District - Road Town) would have two members.  All seats were contested.

1950 British Virgin Islands general election
General elections were held in the British Virgin Islands on 27 November 1950, the first after the decision to restore the Legislative Council of the British Virgin Islands. Four members were elected to the First Legislative Council.

At the time of the election the British Virgin Islands was governed as part of the Leeward Islands and the Legislative Council was constituted under Leeward Islands Act, 1950.  After the election a new Constitution of the British Virgin Islands came into effect (the Constitution (Virgin Islands) Act, 1950).  The 1950 Constitution was intended to be an interim measure, but several elections were later conducted under it until the 1967 Constitution was promulgated.
Fujifilm X-T30
The Fujifilm X-T30 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced by Fujifilm on February 14, 2019. The X-T30 is a successor to the X-T20, which was released in 2017. It is sold in three finishes: black, silver (as shown in the photo here) and charcoal silver.

The X-T30 was succeeded by the XT-30 II which was announced on September 2, 2021.

Fujifilm X-T20
The Fujifilm X-T20 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced by Fujifilm on January 19, 2017. The X-T20 is a successor to the X-T10, which was released in 2015, with a number of iterative refinements and enhancements over it.

The X-T30 succeeds the X-T20. The new camera was announced on February 14, 2019. However, the X-T20 was in production until at least Q4 2019.
Mountain white
Mountain whites were white Americans (usually poor) living in Appalachia and the inland region of the Antebellum South. They were generally small farmers, who inhabited the valleys of the Appalachian range from western Virginia spanning down to northern Georgia and northern Alabama.

Poor White
Poor White is a sociocultural classification used to describe economically disadvantaged Whites in the English-speaking world, especially White Americans with low incomes.

In the United States, Poor White is the historical classification for an American sociocultural group, of generally Western and/or Northern European descent, with many being in the Southern United States and Appalachia regions. They were first classified as a social caste in the Antebellum South, consisting of white, agrarian, economically disadvantaged laborers or squatters, who usually owned neither land nor slaves.

In the British Commonwealth, the term was historically used to describe lower-class whites, notably in the context of the "poor white problem" in South Africa.
Tulita
Tulita, which in Slavey means "where the rivers or waters meet", is a hamlet in the Sahtu Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was formerly known as Fort Norman, until 1 January 1996. It is located at the junction of the Great Bear River and the Mackenzie River; the Bear originates at Great Bear Lake adjacent to Deline.

Tulita is in an area that is forested and well south of the tree line. Permafrost underlies the area, more or less continuous in distribution. Tulita is surrounded by mountains, the latter renowned for Dall sheep, and faces the Mackenzie Mountains to the west, which has mountain goats.

Délı̨nę
The Charter Community of Délı̨nę (North Slavey: [tʼe˥lĩnɛ̃]) is located in the Sahtu Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, on the western shore of Great Bear Lake and is 544 km (338 mi) northwest of Yellowknife. Délı̨nę means "where the waters flow", a reference to the headwaters of the Great Bear River, Sahtúdé. It is the only current settlement on the shores of Great Bear Lake, as Fort Confidence was last used in the 1800s and Port Radium closed in 1982.

There is no permanent road to the community and access is by Déline Airport, which is serviced by North-Wright Airways In addition Déline Water Aerodrome in available during the summer and an ice road in the winter.
Renée Simonot
Jeanne Renée Deneuve (French pronunciation: [ʒan ʁəne dənœv]; 10 September 1911 – 11 July 2021), known professionally as Renée-Jeanne Simonot ([ʁəne ʒan simɔno]), was a French actress and voice artist. Partially italian, she was married to actor Maurice Dorléac, the mother of actresses Catherine Deneuve and Françoise Dorléac and the grandmother of actor Christian Vadim and actress Chiara Mastroianni.

Françoise Dorléac
Françoise Paulette Louise Dorléac (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swaz polɛt lwiz dɔʁleak]; 21 March 1942 – 26 June 1967) was a French actress. She was the elder sister of Catherine Deneuve, with whom she starred in the musical comedy film, The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967). Her other films include Philippe de Broca's That Man from Rio, François Truffaut's The Soft Skin (both 1964), Val Guest's Where the Spies Are (1965), and Roman Polanski's Cul-de-sac (1966).
Uniform norm
In mathematical analysis, the uniform norm (or sup norm) assigns, to real- or complex-valued bounded functions ⁠⁠ defined on a set ⁠⁠, the non-negative number

This norm is also called the supremum norm, the Chebyshev norm, the infinity norm, or, when the supremum is in fact the maximum, the max norm.  The name "uniform norm" derives from the fact that a sequence of functions ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ under the metric derived from the uniform norm if and only if ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ uniformly.

If ⁠⁠ is a continuous function on a closed and bounded interval, or more generally a compact set, then it is bounded and the supremum in the above definition is attained by the Weierstrass extreme value theorem, so we can replace the supremum by the maximum. In this case, the norm is also called the maximum norm.
In particular, if ⁠⁠ is some vector such that  in finite dimensional coordinate space, it takes the form:

This is called the -norm.

L-infinity
In mathematics, , the (real or complex) vector space of bounded sequences with the supremum norm, and , the vector space of essentially bounded measurable functions with the essential supremum norm, are two closely related Banach spaces. In fact the former is a special case of the latter.  As a Banach space they are, respectively, the continuous dual of the Banach spaces  of absolutely summable sequences, and   of absolutely integrable measurable functions (if the measure space fulfills the conditions of being localizable and therefore semifinite). Pointwise multiplication gives them the structure of a Banach algebra, and in fact they are the standard examples of abelian Von Neumann algebras.
Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
The Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference of 1889–1890 was held from 18 November 1889 to 2 July 1890 in Brussels and concluded with the adoption of the Brussels Conference Act of 1890 on the prohibition of slave trade and slavery in Africa. The convention favoured colonial policies, justified by the anti-slavery argument. The event and its origins were shaped primarily by a narrow national interest. Governments paid lip service to humanitarian goals in order to legitimize their imperial aims.

Brussels Conference Act of 1890
The Brussels Conference Act of 1890 (officially, the Convention Relative to the Slave Trade and Importation into Africa of Firearms, Ammunition, and Spiritous Liquors) was a collection of anti-slavery measures signed in Brussels on 2 July 1890 (and which entered into force on 31 August 1891) to, as the act itself puts it, "put an end to Negro Slave Trade by land as well as by sea, and to improve the moral and material conditions of existence of the native races".
Oklahoma State Highway 102
State Highway 102 (abbreviated SH-102 or OK-102) is a north–south state highway in central Oklahoma. It runs for 52.9 miles (85.1 km) from Wanette, Oklahoma to Wellston, Oklahoma. It has no lettered spur routes.

SH-102 traces its origins to a spur route from SH-39 to Wanette that was added to the highway system in 1955. This highway was gradually extended bit by bit before reaching its present extent in 1977.

Oklahoma State Highway 39
State Highway 39, abbreviated as SH-39, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is 68.4 miles (110.1 km) in length. It runs east–west through the central part of the state, beginning at unincorporated Tabler, east of Chickasha, and ending east of Konawa. Along the way, SH-39 serves the counties of Grady, McClain, Cleveland, Pottawatomie, and Seminole. It currently has no lettered spurs.

SH-39 was built in 1923 but not added to the state highway system until approximately 1936. Originally connecting Tabler to Purcell, SH-39 was extended to the east over the next five years, first to Asher and then to Konawa.
Vandermonde polynomial
In algebra, the Vandermonde polynomial of an ordered set of n variables , named after Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde, is the polynomial:

(Some sources use the opposite order , which changes the sign  times: thus in some dimensions the two formulas agree in sign, while in others they have opposite signs.)

It is also called the Vandermonde determinant, as it is the value of the determinant of the Vandermonde matrix

The value depends on the order of the terms: it is an alternating polynomial, not a symmetric polynomial.

Alternating polynomial
In algebra, an alternating polynomial is a polynomial  such that if one switches any two of the variables, the polynomial changes sign:

Equivalently, if one permutes the variables, the polynomial changes in value by the sign of the permutation:

More generally, a polynomial  is said to be alternating in  if it changes sign if one switches any two of the , leaving the  fixed.
HSS 1500
HSS 1500 was the name of a model of Stena HSS craft developed and originally operated by Stena Line on European international ferry routes. The vessels were the largest high-speed craft in the world. Several design patents were registered to Stena Line in the development of the HSS.

Three vessels were ultimately completed in 1996 and 1997. The first of the class, Stena Explorer, entered service in April 1996, serving the Holyhead - Dún Laoghaire route from 1996 to 2014. Two others had served Stranraer to Belfast and Harwich to Hook of Holland. On the 200-kilometre Hoek–Harwich route, the Stena HSS had cut the crossing time in half by cruising at 41 knots.

HSC One World Karadeniz
One World Karadeniz (previously Stena Explorer) is a former high-speed ferry that operated on Stena Line's Holyhead to Dún Laoghaire service between Great Britain and Ireland until 2014. It is a member of the HSS 1500 class of high-speed ferries introduced and developed by Stena Line from 1996 onwards. The HSS 1500-class vessels became the largest catamarans in service in the world.

In 2015 the ferry was owned by Karadeniz Holding to be used as a floating office, research space and alternative power generator in Karmarine shipyard in Yalova near Istanbul, Turkey, as part of the Powerships project from the company that owned the vessel. However, in 2016 the vessel was on sale for as low as $6.5 million.
New York State Canal System
The New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal) is a successor to the Erie Canal and other canals within New York. The 525-mile (845 km) system is composed of the Erie Canal, the Oswego Canal, the Cayuga–Seneca Canal, and the Champlain Canal. In 2014 the entire system was listed as a national historic district on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 2016 it was designated a National Historic Landmark.

The Erie Canal connects the Hudson River to Lake Erie; the Cayuga–Seneca Canal connects Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake to the Erie Canal; the Oswego Canal connects the Erie Canal to Lake Ontario; and the Champlain Canal connects the Hudson River to Lake Champlain.

Champlain Canal
The Champlain Canal is a 60-mile (97 km) canal in New York that connects the Hudson River to the south end of Lake Champlain. It was simultaneously constructed with the Erie Canal for use by commercial vessels, fully opening in 1823. Today, it is mostly used by recreational boaters as part of the New York State Canal System and Lakes to Locks Passage.

Water for the highest portion comes from the Hudson River via the Glens Falls Feeder Canal, from above the drop at Glens Falls, New York.
Tulaji Angre
Tulaji Angre, called Tulajee Angria by English historians was the grand admiral of the Maratha Navy and ruler of Colaba State in modern-day India. Similar to his famous father Kanhoji Angre, he too was an extremely skilled admiral and attacked several European trading ships. His achievements and naval prowess are considered to be greater than that of his father by some scholars and chroniclers. On various occasions he fought against the English, Dutch, Siddis And Portuguese maritime Powers. However, he alienated himself from the Maratha Peshwa, Balaji Baji Rao which led to his capture by the East India Company and Peshwa's forces at the Battle of Vijaydurg in 1756.

Kanhoji Angre
Kanhoji Angre ([kanʱod͡ʒiː aːŋɡɾe]), also known as Conajee Angria or Sarkhel Angré (August 1669 – 4 July 1729) was a Maratha Navy admiral. Kanhoji became known for attacking and capturing European East Indiamen and collecting jakat (known to locals as taxes), seen by Europeans traders and colonists  as ransoming of their crews. British, Dutch, and Portuguese ships often fell victims to these raids. Despite attempts by the Portuguese and British to put an end to his privateering activities, Angre continued to capture and collect jakat from European merchant ships until his death in 1729. Kanhoji's naval prowess in capturing dozens of European trading ships and avoiding capture has led to many historians to appraise Kanhoji as the most skilled Indian navy chief in the maritime history of India.
Frankenstein Created Woman
Frankenstein Created Woman is a 1967 British Hammer horror film directed by Terence Fisher and starring Peter Cushing and Susan Denberg. The screenplay was written by Anthony Hinds (as John Elder). It is the fourth film in Hammer's Frankenstein series.

Frankenstein (Hammer film series)
Frankenstein is a British horror-adventure film series produced by Hammer Film Productions. The films, loosely based on the 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley, are centered on Baron Victor Frankenstein, who experiments in creating a creature beyond human. The series is part of the larger Hammer horror oeuvre.
Glenbrook Deviation (1913)
The Glenbrook deviation is a section of track on the Main Western line from Emu Plains to Blaxland stations in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The approximately 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) double-track deviation was constructed from 1911 to 1913 and replaced the single-track first Glenbrook deviation and the first Glenbrook Tunnel.

Glenbrook Deviation (1892)
The Glenbrook deviation was a section of track on the Main Western line from the first Knapsack Viaduct to old Glenbrook station in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The approximately five-mile-long (eight-kilometre) deviation was constructed from 1891 to 1892 and replaced the Lapstone Zig Zag. The deviation was closed in 1913 when it was replaced by the second Glenbrook deviation and the second Glenbrook Tunnel, that continues to carry the Main Western line today.
Mini scule
Mini scule is a species of microhylid frog endemic to Madagascar that was described in 2019. The scientific name of the species refers to its size, being a pun on the word miniscule (a misspelling of minuscule). It measures only 8.4 to 10.8 mm (0.33 to 0.43 in) in snout–vent length. It has bronze underparts with a brown groin and back of the thigh, cream upperparts with brown flecking, a dark brown side of the head, and a red iris. It is known only from the Sainte Luce Reserve, where it inhabits areas with deep leaf litter near semi-permanent water bodies. Specimens of frogs from Mandena, the Vohimena mountains, the southern Anosy Mountains, and Tsitongambarika may also be of this species. Like other species in the genus Mini, it received media attention when first described due to the wordplay in its scientific name.

Mini (frog)
Mini is a genus of tiny microhylid frogs that are endemic to southeastern Madagascar where they live among leaf litter in lowland forests. The three species and the genus itself were only scientifically described in 2019; although not yet rated by the IUCN, they have very small ranges and it has been recommended that two qualify as critically endangered and M. ature as data deficient.

At about 8–11.5 mm (0.31–0.45 in) in snout–vent length, M. mum and M. scule are two of the world's smallest frogs, and the larger M. ature is only c. 15 mm (0.6 in). They were formerly confused with Stumpffia, another genus of tiny frogs from Madagascar. All are well-camouflaged brown frogs.