hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bulgarian Energy Holding
Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD (BEH EAD) is a state-owned energy holding company in Bulgaria. It was incorporated on 18 September 2008 after renaming Bulgargaz Holding EAD.  In November 2009, the Bulgarian Government decided to list the company on the Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia.

It is the owner of the  Maritsa Iztok-2 power station. This power station was ranked as the industrial facility that is causing the highest damage costs to health and the environment in Bulgaria and the entire European Union in November 2014 by the European Environment Agency.

Maritsa Iztok Complex
The Maritsa Iztok Complex generates coal power in Bulgaria. Maritsa Iztok 1 and 3 located entirely within Stara Zagora Province in south-central Bulgaria while Maritsa Iztok 2 is split with eastern neighboring Sliven Province. It consists of three lignite-fired thermal power stations. The complex is located in a large lignite coal basin, which includes several mines, enrichment plants, a briquette plant and its own railway system.  The development of the thermal power and mining complex at Maritsa Iztok began in 1952, but the lignite deposits used to be known well in the mid-19th century. The Maritsa Iztok mines and power plants are interdependent as the only market for coal is the power plants, while the power plants have no other supplier of coal but the mines.

The complex is the largest source of CO2 emissions in Bulgaria with over 10 million tons in 2024. The complex is politically controversial; it has badly polluted local towns but many people rely on it for jobs.
Mercantile Marine War Medal
The Mercantile Marine War Medal was established in 1919 and awarded by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom to mariners of the British Mercantile Marine (later renamed the Merchant Navy) for service at sea during the First World War.

Victory Medal (United Kingdom)
The Victory Medal (also called the Inter-Allied Victory Medal) is a United Kingdom and British Empire First World War campaign medal.

The award of a common allied campaign medal was recommended by an inter-allied committee in March 1919. Each allied nation would design a 'Victory Medal' for award to their own nationals, all issues having certain common features, including a winged figure of victory on the obverse and the same ribbon. Fourteen countries finally awarded the medal.
Battle of the Diamond
The Battle of the Diamond was a planned confrontation between the Catholic Defenders and the Protestant Peep o' Day Boys that took place on 21 September 1795 near Loughgall, County Armagh, Ireland. The Peep o' Day Boys were the victors, killing some 6 Defenders, with some wounded Peep o' Day boys in return. It led to the foundation of the Orange Order and the onset of "the Armagh outrages".

Peep o' Day Boys
The Peep o' Day Boys was an agrarian  sectarian  Protestant association in 18th-century Ireland. Originally noted as being an agrarian society around 1779–80, from 1785 it became the Protestant component of the sectarian conflict that emerged in County Armagh, their rivals being the Catholic Defenders. After the Battle of the Diamond in 1795, where an offshoot of the Peep o' Day Boys known as the Orange Boys defeated a force of Defenders, the Orange Order was instituted, and whilst repudiating the activities of the Peep o' Day Boys, they quickly superseded them. The Orange Order would blame the Peep o' Day Boys for "the Armagh outrages" that followed the battle.
Mattei family
The House of Mattei was one of the most powerful noble families of Rome during the Middle Ages and early modern era, holding high positions in the papal curia and government office. The family amassed significant art collections under art enthusiasts such as Ciriaco Mattei.

The Mattei gave eight Cardinals to the Catholic Church, among them  Girolamo Mattei (1586), Gaspare Mattei (1643), Alessandro Mattei (1803), Mario Mattei (1832), Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei (1833) and (as late as 1875) Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei.  The founder of one powerful branch of the Mattei was Giovanni Giacomo Mattei.

Alessandro Mattei
Alessandro Mattei (20 February 1744, Rome – 20 April 1820) was an Italian Cardinal, and a significant figure in papal diplomacy of the Napoleonic period. He was from the Roman aristocratic House of Mattei.

He became Archbishop of Ferrara in 1777, and was named cardinal in 1779.

He became Bishop of Palestrina in 1800, Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina in 1809, and Bishop of Ostia in 1814. From 1817 to his death he was archpriest of St Peter's Basilica.
Total curvature
In mathematical study of the differential geometry of curves, the total curvature of an immersed plane curve is the integral of curvature along a curve taken with respect to arc length:

The total curvature of a closed curve is always an integer multiple of 2π, where N is called the index of the curve or turning number – it is the winding number of the unit tangent vector about the origin, or equivalently the degree of the map to the unit circle assigning to each point of the curve, the unit tangent vector at that point (a kind of Gauss map).

Winding number
In mathematics, the winding number or winding index of a closed curve in the plane around a given point is an integer representing the total number of times that the curve travels counterclockwise around the point, i.e., the curve's number of turns. The winding number depends on the orientation of the curve, and it is negative if the curve travels around the point clockwise.

Winding numbers are fundamental objects of study in algebraic topology, and they play an important role in vector calculus, complex analysis, geometric topology, differential geometry, and physics (such as in string theory).
Vulgar (album)
Vulgar (stylized as VULGAR) is the fourth studio album by Japanese heavy metal band Dir En Grey released on September 10, 2003 in Japan and on February 21, 2006 in Europe. A limited edition containing an additional DVD was also released. It featured the video of the song "Obscure", albeit a censored version. Vulgar is the first Dir En Grey release not to feature individual credits for the music, though the preceding singles featured individual credits.

Dir En Grey
Dir En Grey (stylized as DIR EN GREY and previously as Dir en grey) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in February 1997 and currently signed to Firewall Div., a sub-division of Free-Will. With a consistent lineup of vocalist Kyo, guitarists Kaoru and Die, bassist Toshiya, and drummer Shinya, they have released eleven full-length albums. Numerous stylistic changes have made the genre of their music difficult to determine, though it is generally considered to be a form of metal. Originally a visual kei band, the members later opted for more subtle attire, but have continued to maintain a dramatic image on stage.
Murrhardt Forest
The Murrhardt Forest (German: Murrhardter Wald) in the Baden-Württemberg county of Rems-Murr-Kreis is part of the natural region known as the Swabian-Franconian Forest. It reaches a maximum height of 572 m above sea level (NHN). It takes its name from the town of Murrhardt in the centre.

Swabian-Franconian Forest
The Swabian-Franconian Forest (German: Schwäbisch-Fränkischen Waldberge, also Schwäbisch-Fränkischer Wald) is a mainly forested, deeply incised upland region, 1,187 km² in area and up to 586.4 m above sea level (NHN), in the northeast of Baden-Württemberg. It forms natural region major unit number 108 within the Swabian Keuper-Lias Land (major unit group 10 or D58). Its name is derived from the fact that, in medieval times, the border between the duchies of Franconia and Swabia ran through this forested region. In addition, the Swabian dialect in the south transitions to the East Franconian dialect in the north here.
2015 WA State Challenge Cup
Western Australian soccer clubs competed in 2015 for the Football West State Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the Cool Ridge Cup. Clubs entered from the National Premier Leagues WA, the two divisions of the State League, a limited number of teams from various divisions of the 2015 Amateur League competition, and from regional teams invited from the South West, Goldfields, Great Southern and Midwest regions. This knockout competition was won by Sorrento FC, their third title.

The competition also served as the Western Australian Preliminary Rounds for the 2015 FFA Cup. The two finalists – Perth SC and Sorrento FC – qualified for the final rounds, entering at the Round of 32.

2015 FFA Cup preliminary rounds
The 2015 FFA Cup preliminary rounds were a qualifying football competition in Australia to decide 21 of the 32 teams which will take part in the 2015 FFA Cup Round of 32, along with the 10 A-League clubs and reigning National Premier Leagues champion (North Eastern MetroStars SC). The preliminary rounds operated within a consistent national structure whereby club entry into the competition was staggered in each state/territory, with the winning clubs from Round 7 of the preliminary rounds in each member federation gaining direct entry into the Round of 32. All Australian clubs were eligible to enter the qualifying process through their respective FFA member federation, however only one team per club was permitted entry in the competition. Teams from the Northern Territory competed in this competition for the first time.
Oostwold, Oldambt
Oostwold is a village in the municipality of Oldambt in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. The village is home to the Oostwold Airport. The village had a population of 960 people as of 2019.

Oldambt (municipality)
Oldambt (Dutch pronunciation: [ɔlˈdɑm(p)t]) is a municipality with a population of 38,277 in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. It was established in 2010 by merging the municipalities of Reiderland, Scheemda, and Winschoten. It contains the city of Winschoten and these villages:
Honda Shadow
The Honda Shadow refers to a family of cruiser-type motorcycles made by Honda since 1983. The Shadow line features motorcycles with a liquid-cooled 45 or 52-degree V-twin engine  ranging from 125 to  1,100 cc engine displacement. The 250 cc Honda Rebel is associated with the Shadow line in certain markets.

Honda Shadow Sabre
The Honda Shadow Sabre (VT1100C2) refers to a cruiser-type motorcycle, that is part of the larger family of Honda Shadow. It was introduced in 2000 replacing the earlier Shadow A.C.E. It was retired after the year 2007. The Sabre name is being used again in the new 2010 Honda VT1300C custom line.

The Shadow Sabre was, at its introduction, the hot rod (or in motorcycle jargon, the street rod) of Honda's cruiser line. As such, it has lower gearing than other 1100cc Shadows, for a stronger punch off the line, while retaining exactly the same (dual pin crank) engine as the others. The Sabre, as with the other Shadow 1100 models, were made at Honda's Marysville Motorcycle Plant in Ohio, for the domestic and export markets.
1983 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt
Reports of a foiled coup emerged in Guinea-Bissau in June 1983 following a widespread famine and food shortages as disgruntled young officers attempted to plot the overthrow of João Bernardo Vieira when rations for soldiers were cut.

1984 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt
After a lengthy power struggle in 1984 in Guinea-Bissau over the leadership and organizational direction of its ruling African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde, Prime Minister Victor Saúde Maria was arrested by President João Bernardo Vieira on the grounds of attempting to stage a coup.
Gaetano Filangieri, 7th Prince of Satriano
Gaetano Filangieri, 7th Prince of Satriano and 2nd Duke of Taormina (8 February 1824 – 29 November 1892) was an art historian and collector who founded the Museo Civico Filangieri. He lived in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and then in the Kingdom of Italy.

Museo Civico Filangieri
The Museo Civico Filangieri ("Filangieri civic museum") is an eclectic collection of artworks, coins, and books assembled in the nineteenth century by Gaetano Filangieri, prince of Satriano, who gave it to the city of Naples as a museum. It is housed in his former palace, Palazzo Cuomo (or Como) on Via Duomo, by the church of San Severo al Pendino.
2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2000. Incumbent Democratic governor Jeanne Shaheen won re-election, defeating former United States senator Gordon Humphrey 49% to 44%.

Gordon J. Humphrey
Gordon John Humphrey (born October 9, 1940) is an American politician from New Hampshire. A member of the Republican Party, he served two terms in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1990, and twice ran unsuccessfully for governor of New Hampshire.
Velimir Prelić
Velimir Prelić (Serbian: Велимир Прелић; 1883 – 13 January 1928) was a jurist and Serbian Chetnik during the Macedonian Struggle (1903-1912). He was a member of the Central Committee of the Serb Democratic League in 1908. After World War I, he became a Yugoslav legal advisor of the Skoplje County. He was shot in Skopje in 1928 by a Macedono-Bulgarian assassin Mara Buneva on 13 January 1928 in Skopje as punishment for his role in the Skopje student trial against activists of the Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization.

Skopje Student Trial
A trial began on December 5, 1927, in Skopje, then in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, against students and activists of the Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization. A total of 20 Macedonian Bulgarian students stood on the bench. They were accused of fighting for an Independent Macedonia. Before the trial, the students were subjected to torture.The trial ended on December 10. Several defendants were imprisoned, while others were acquitted. As a result of the verdicts after the trial, Mara Buneva killed the Serb Velimir Prelić, the chief public prosecutor in the case.
Jameson Irish Whiskey
Jameson (/ˈdʒeɪməsən, ˈdʒɛməsən/) is a blended Irish whiskey produced by the Irish Distillers subsidiary of Pernod Ricard. Originally one of the six main Dublin whiskeys at the Jameson Distillery Bow St., Jameson is now distilled at the New Midleton Distillery in County Cork. It is by far the best-selling Irish whiskey in the world; in 2019, annual sales passed 8 million cases. It has been sold internationally since the early 19th century, and is available to buy in over 130 countries.

Blended whiskey
A blended whiskey (or blended whisky) is a blend of different types of whiskeys and sometimes also neutral spirits, colorings, and flavorings. It is usually a mixture of one or more higher-quality straight or single malt whiskeys with less expensive spirits and other ingredients. It typically priced lower than non-blended whiskies, although there are more expensive "premium" varieties.

Some examples of blended whiskey include Canadian Club, Canadian Mist, Jameson Irish Whiskey, Seagram's Seven, Kessler Whiskey, Hibiki, and Scotch blends such as Johnnie Walker, Ballantine's, Grant's, and Chivas Regal.
Apology (Plato)
The Apology of Socrates (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολογία Σωκράτους, Apología Sokrátous; Latin: Apologia Socratis), written by Plato, is a Socratic dialogue of the speech of legal self-defence which Socrates (469–399 BC) spoke at his trial for impiety and corruption in 399 BC.

Specifically, the Apology of Socrates is a defence against the charges of "corrupting the youth" and "not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel" to Athens (24b).

Among the primary sources about the trial and death of the philosopher Socrates, the Apology of Socrates is the dialogue that depicts the trial, and is one of four Socratic dialogues, along with Euthyphro, Phaedo, and Crito, through which Plato details the final days of the philosopher Socrates. There are debates among scholars as to whether we should rely on the Apology for information about the trial itself.

Phaedo
Phaedo (/ˈfiːdoʊ/; Ancient Greek: Φαίδων, Phaidōn) is a  dialogue written by Plato, in which Socrates discusses the immortality of the soul and the nature of the afterlife with his friends in the hours leading up to his death. Socrates explores various arguments for the soul's immortality with the Pythagorean philosophers Simmias and Cebes of Thebes in order to show that there is an afterlife in which the soul will dwell following death. The dialogue concludes with a mythological narrative of the descent into Tarturus and an account of Socrates' execution.
2017 Vale of Glamorgan Council election
The 2017 Vale of Glamorgan Council election took place on Thursday 4 May 2017 to elect members of Vale of Glamorgan Council in Wales. There were 47 council seats available, across 23 wards. This was the same day as other United Kingdom local elections.

The previous full council election took place on 3 May 2012, with the next full council election taking place on 5 May 2022.

2012 Vale of Glamorgan Council election
The 2012 Vale of Glamorgan Council election took place on Thursday 3 May 2012 to elect members of Vale of Glamorgan Council in Wales. This was the same day as other United Kingdom local elections. The previous full council election took place on 1 May 2008 and the next one took place on 4 May 2017.
Quinnipiac Bobcats men's ice hockey
The Quinnipiac Bobcats men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Quinnipiac University. The Bobcats are a member of ECAC Hockey. They play at the M&T Bank Arena in Hamden, Connecticut.

ECAC Hockey
ECAC Hockey is one of the six conferences that compete in NCAA Division I for ice hockey. The conference used to be affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference, a consortium of over 300 colleges in the eastern United States. This relationship ended in 2004; however, the ECAC abbreviation was retained in the name of the hockey conference. ECAC Hockey is the only ice hockey conference with identical memberships in both its women's and men's divisions.

Cornell University has won the most ECAC men's hockey championships with 14, followed by Harvard at 11. ECAC Hockey teams have won 10 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Championships, most recently in 2023.
Nella Dodds
Donzella Petty-John, known professionally as Nella Dodds (born January 25, 1950) is an American soul singer.  Born in Havre de Grace, Maryland, United States, she recorded six released singles for Wand Records between 1964 and 1966. Her records are popular on the Northern soul scene.

Wand Records
Wand Records was an American independent record label, started by Florence Greenberg in 1961 as a subsidiary of Scepter Records. Artists on Wand Records included The Isley Brothers, The Kingsmen, Mel Wynn & the Rhythm Aces, Chuck Jackson, and the Monzas.

In 1976, Greenberg retired from the business and sold her record labels to Springboard International. When Springboard went bankrupt, Gusto Records acquired the catalog. The Kingsmen acquired full ownership of their Wand catalog in court from Gusto for non-payment of royalties.
Splash cymbal
In a drum kit, splash cymbals are the smallest accent cymbals, often a smaller derivative of the more common crash cymbals. Splash cymbals and china cymbals are the main types of effects cymbals.

The most common sized splash has a diameter of 8", followed by 10". Most splash cymbals are in the size range of 6" to 13", but some splash cymbals are as small as 4". Splash cymbals larger than 10" are most often similar to hi-hats in sound characteristics.

Some makers have produced cymbals described as splash up to 22", but a splash of 14" or more is more often described as a crash cymbal.

Splash cymbals include:

Traditional splash cymbals, medium in weight with little or no taper.

Rock splash cymbals, heavy but often with a slight taper.

China splash cymbals.

Salsa splash cymbals.

Thin splash cymbals.

Bell cymbals.

Specialised stack cymbals.

Taper (cymbal)
In cymbal making, taper refers to the gradual change in thickness from the bell to the rim of the cymbal. It is one of the key features that determines the tone of the cymbal.

This change is typically not uniform, and it is extremely difficult to generalise on the effects of taper, just to say that they are profound. Crash cymbals tend to have the most pronounced taper, with the faster crashes and the richer tones the most pronounced of all. The bell of a paperthin crash or a fast crash can be thicker than that of many ride cymbals. On the other hand, china cymbals tend to have little or no taper, as do the heavy to medium weights of splash cymbals.
Jake Something
Jacob Doyle (born July 25, 1989) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under his real name, stylized as Jake Doyle, and is a member of the Don Callis Family. He also currently makes appearances on the independent circuit. He is best known for his two tenures in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he wrestled under the ring name Jake Something.

Don Callis Family
The Don Callis Family is a villainous professional wrestling stable, led and managed by Canadian wrestling manager Don Callis. The group also consists of Konosuke Takeshita, Kyle Fletcher, Trent Beretta, Lance Archer, Brian Cage, Mark Davis, Josh Alexander, Rocky Romero, Hechicero, Kazuchika Okada, Wardlow, Andrade El Ídolo, El Clon, and Jake Doyle. They predominantly perform in All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where Okada is the reigning AEW International Champion and Fletcher is the reigning AEW TNT Champion, and its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). They also appear in AEW's partner promotions Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Maple Leaf Pro Wrestling (MLP), where Alexander is the reigning MLP Canadian Champion, and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where Takeshita is the reigning NJPW World Television Champion.
Michael Breheny
Michael Breheny (30 October 1948 – 11 February 2003) was professor of planning at Reading University. He specialised in the planning and management of new economic growth sectors during the post-industrial growth phase in Europe in the 1980s and 1990s.

Peter Hall (urbanist)
Sir Peter Geoffrey Hall FBA (19 March 1932 – 30 July 2014) was an English town planner, urbanist and geographer. He was the Bartlett Professor of Planning and Regeneration at The Bartlett, University College London and president of both the Town and Country Planning Association and the Regional Studies Association. Hall was one of the most prolific and influential urbanists of the twentieth century.

He was known internationally for his studies and writings on the economic, demographic, cultural and management issues that face cities around the globe. Hall was for many years a planning and regeneration adviser to successive UK governments. He was Special Adviser on Strategic Planning to the British government (1991–94) and a member of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister's Urban Task Force (1998–1999). Hall is considered by many to be the father of the industrial enterprise zone concept, adopted by countries worldwide to develop industry in disadvantaged areas.
Republic of China Air Force Academy
The Republic of China Air Force Academy (CAFA; Chinese: 中華民國空軍官校; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Kōngjūn Guānxiào; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Khong-kun Koaⁿ-hāu) is the service academy for the air force of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and is located in Gangshan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Gangshan District
Gangshan District (Chinese: 岡山區; Hanyu Pinyin: Gāngshān Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Gangshan Cyu; Wade–Giles: Kang1-shan1 Ch'ü1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kong-san-khu, Hakka: Kông-sân-khî), is a suburban district in Kaohsiung City in southern Taiwan. It has 95,532 inhabitants in October 2023.