hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kervaire semi-characteristic
In mathematics, the Kervaire semi-characteristic, introduced by Michel Kervaire (1956), is an invariant of closed manifolds M of dimension  taking values in , given by

where F is a field.

Michael Atiyah and Isadore Singer (1971) showed that the Kervaire semi-characteristic of a differentiable manifold is given by the index of a skew-adjoint elliptic operator.

Assuming M is oriented, the Atiyah vanishing theorem states that if M has two linearly independent vector fields, then .

The difference  is the de Rham invariant of .

Michel Kervaire
Michel André Kervaire (26 April 1927 – 19 November 2007) was a French mathematician who made significant contributions to topology and algebra.

He introduced the Kervaire semi-characteristic. He was the first to show the existence of topological n-manifolds with no differentiable structure (using the Kervaire invariant), and (with John Milnor) computed the number of exotic spheres in dimensions greater than four, known as Kervaire–Milnor groups. He is also well known for fundamental contributions to high-dimensional knot theory. The solution of the Kervaire invariant problem was announced by Michael Hopkins in Edinburgh on 21 April 2009.
Of Montreal
of Montreal is an American indie pop band from Athens, Georgia. It was founded by frontperson Kevin Barnes in 1996, named after a failed romance between Barnes and a woman "of Montreal". The band is identified as part of the Elephant 6 collective. Throughout its existence, of Montreal's musical style has evolved considerably and drawn inspiration from 1960s psychedelic pop acts.

The Late B.P. Helium
The Late B.P. Helium is the solo recording project and, at times, stage name of Elephant Six musician Bryan Poole, who also goes by Bryan Helium.

Poole has spent much of his musical career playing bass  and guitar on and off with of Montreal and Elf Power since the mid-1990s. He was also a member of the XTC cover band Helium Kids (a.k.a. The Mummers) from 1994 to 1995.  In 2001, he released a few singles and submitted tracks to various compilations before offering his first EP, Kumquat Mae, on his 2002 tour with The Visitations.  It was later re-released on Orange Twin Records in 2003, and allowed him to work on his solo debut album, Amok, which was also released on Orange Twin in 2004.
CHSL-FM
CHSL-FM (Boom 92.7), formerly CKWA, is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 92.7 FM in Slave Lake, Alberta. It started out as an AM oldies station. The station's ownership would change over the years. Some of the station's owners included OK Radio Group, Nornet, OSG, and Telemedia. It was eventually purchased by Newcap Broadcasting (now Stingray Group).

Slave Lake
Slave Lake is a town in northern Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by the Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124. It is approximately 255 km (158 mi) northwest of Edmonton. It is located on the southeast shore of Lesser Slave Lake at the junction of Highway 2 and Highway 88.

Slave Lake serves as a local centre for the area. The administrative office for the Sawridge First Nation is also located in the town.
El Higo (municipality)
El Higo is a municipality of the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the state's Huasteca Alta region. The municipal seat is the village of El Higo, Veracruz.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the municipality reported a total population of 18,392, of whom 7,844 lived in the municipal seat. 
Of the municipality's inhabitants, 218 spoke an indigenous language, primarily Nahuatl.

The municipality of El Higo  covers a total surface area of 356.94 km2. It was created on 25 November 1988, from the municipality of Tempoal.

El Higo, Veracruz
El Higo is a village in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Located in the state's Huasteca Alta region, it serves as the seat of the surrounding municipality El Higo .

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the village of El Higo  reported a total population of 7,844.
Thoburn v Sunderland City Council
Thoburn v Sunderland City Council (also known as the "Metric Martyrs case") is a UK constitutional and administrative law case, concerning the interaction of EU law and an Act of Parliament. It is important for its recognition of the supremacy of EU law and the basis for that recognition. Though the earlier Factortame had also referred to Parliament's voluntary acceptance of the supremacy of EU law, Thoburn put less stress on the jurisprudence of the ECJ and more on the domestic acceptance of such supremacy; Lord Justice Laws suggested there was a hierarchy of "constitutional statutes" that Parliament could only expressly repeal, and so were immune from implied repeal.

John Laws (judge)
Sir John Grant McKenzie Laws (10 May 1945 – 5 April 2020) was a Lord Justice of Appeal. He served from 1999 to 2016. He was the Goodhart Visiting Professor of Legal Science at the University of Cambridge, and an Honorary Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge.
Flandreau, South Dakota
Flandreau /ˈflændruː/ FLAN-droo is a city in and county seat of Moody County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,372 at the 2020 census. It was named in honor of Charles Eugene Flandrau, a judge in the territory and state of Minnesota. He is credited with saving the community of New Ulm, Minnesota, from destruction during conflict with the Sioux tribe in 1862.

In 2015, the nearby federally recognized Flandreau Indian Reservation of Santee Sioux had planned to open the nation's first recreational marijuana lounge in a former bowling alley, close to its existing Royal River Casino and Hotel. Any tourists or non-tribal members using marijuana on tribal land risked state prosecution, so they abandoned the plan.

Charles Eugene Flandrau
Charles Eugene Flandrau (July 15, 1828 – September 9, 1903) was an American lawyer who became influential in the Minnesota Territory, and later state, after moving there in 1853 from New York City. He served on the Minnesota Territorial Council, in the Minnesota Constitutional Convention, and on the Minnesota territorial and state supreme courts. He was also an associate justice on the Minnesota Supreme Court.

During the Dakota War, Flandrau enlisted in the Union Army and was commissioned as a captain in 1862 to raise a force to defend settlers at New Ulm. Given his success, the governor appointed him to lead the defense of southwest Minnesota, at the rank of colonel. After unsuccessfully campaigning for a couple of positions, Flandrau moved in 1870 to St. Paul, where he had a law partnership with two men until his death in 1903.
Galium leptogonium
Galium leptogonium is a plant species in the family Rubiaceae. Common name is rock bedstraw. It is found only in Australia but widespread there, found in every state except Tasmania.

Galium leptogonium  is very similar to G. migrans. Many herbarium specimens of G. leptogonium were formerly labeled as G. migrans. Galium leptogonium  is an herb with thin, angled stems and lanceolate leaves in whorls of 4. Leaves and stems are usually covered with hairs but not always. Flowers are creamy white or very pale green. Fruiting capsules are roundish, dull and smooth.

Galium migrans
Galium migrans is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. Following a revision of the genus Galium, the distribution of Gallium migrans is now believed to be restricted to South Australia. Plants in New South Wales that were formerly identified as this species are  currently identified as Galium leptogonium.
Queen Inye
Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (Korean: 인예왕후 이씨; Hanja: 仁睿王后 李氏; 1026 – 5 October 1092) or Queen Mother Inyesundeok (Korean: 인예순덕태후; Hanja: 仁睿順德太后) was a Korean queen consort as the 2nd wife of Munjong of Goryeo and the first Goryeo queen who came from the powerful Gyeongwon Yi clan. Among her ten sons, three of the eldest became the reign kings (Sunjong, Seonjong, Sukjong) and three others became a Buddhist monk. She was the grandmother of Heonjong and Yejong, also ancestors of all goryeo kings after her husband.

Sunjong of Goryeo
Sunjong (28 December 1047 – 5 December 1083), born Wang Hyu, later renamed Wang Hun, was briefly the 12th king of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He was the eldest son of King Munjong and the older brother of King Seonjong. He had been confirmed as heir to the throne in 1054 and during his time as heir, his father actively cultivated his status both domestically and internationally, charging him with leading banquets amongst the Goryeo nobility and making him treat with envoys from the Song dynasty of China. However, he died within a year of his ascension in 1083; his four month long reign was the shortest in Goryeo's history.
The World's Least Interesting Master Swordsman
The World's Least Interesting Master Swordsman (地味な剣聖はそれでも最強です, Jimi na Kensei wa Soredemo Saikyō desu) is a Japanese light novel series written by Rokurō Akashi and illustrated by Shiso. It began serialization on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō in August 2017. It was later acquired by Shufu to Seikatsu Sha who published it under their PASH! Books light novel imprint from May 2018 to October 2025. A manga adaptation illustrated by Appe began serialization on Shufu to Seikatsu Sha's Comic PASH! website in May 2018.

Shōsetsuka ni Narō
Shōsetsuka ni Narō (小説家になろう; lit. "Let's Become a Novelist") is a Japanese novel self-publishing website created by Yusuke Umezaki (梅崎 祐輔, Umezaki Yūsuke). It was launched on April 2, 2004. Users can upload their novels free of charge and the novels are also free to read. As of December 2022, the site hosts close to 1,000,000 novels, has over 2,300,000 registered users and it receives over 1 billion page views per month.

Over one hundred novel series uploaded to the site have been acquired by various publishers, such as Log Horizon, serialized from 2010 before being acquired by Enterbrain in 2011, and The Irregular at Magic High School, which was serialized between 2008 and 2011 before being acquired by ASCII Media Works.

Futabasha's light novel imprint Monster Bunko was established on July 30, 2014, which exclusively publishes series that originated on Shōsetsuka ni Narō.
Idris Davies
Idris Davies (6 January 1905 – 6 April 1953) was a Welsh poet. Born in Rhymney, near Merthyr Tydfil in South Wales, he became a poet, originally writing in Welsh, but later writing exclusively in English.

Davies was the only poet to cover the significant political events of the early 20th century in the South Wales Valleys and the South Wales Coalfield, which was informed from his experience of having worked at the coalface. He is best known for the verses "Bells of Rhymney", from his 1938 Gwalia Deserta (meaning literally "Wasteland of Wales"), which were adapted into a popular folk song.

The Bells of Rhymney
"The Bells of Rhymney" is a song by the folk singer Pete Seeger, which consists of Seeger's own music accompanying words written by the Welsh poet Idris Davies. Seeger first released a recording of the song on a live album in 1958, but it is the American folk rock band the Byrds' 1965 recording that is the best known version of the song.
Inter-Provincial Trophy
The Inter-Provincial Trophy is a Twenty20 cricket tournament between the four leading cricketing provinces of Ireland.

The tournament was first held by three provinces in 2013, across venues in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

Northern Knights are the current reigning champions, while Leinster Lightning are the most successful team in the competition's history, winning seven titles.

Leinster Lightning
Leinster Lightning is an Irish inter-provincial cricket team. They participate in the Inter-Provincial Championship, Inter-Provincial Cup and Inter-Provincial Trophy.

The team is based in Dublin and is managed by Cricket Leinster.
Dylan Travis
Dylan Travis (born May 26, 1993) is an American basketball player who is a member of the United States men's national 3x3 team. He played college basketball at Midland, Iowa Central, and Florida Southern.

Florida Southern Moccasins
The Florida Southern Moccasins (Mocs) are the athletic teams that represent Florida Southern College, located in Lakeland, Florida, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Moccasins compete as members of the Sunshine State Conference in 17 varsity sports. Florida Southern has been a member of the conference since its founding in 1975. Florida Southern also competes as independents in six other sports.
Arena of Valor
Arena of Valor (Chinese: 傳說對決; pinyin: Chuánshuō Duìjué, Thai: เรียล์มออฟเวเลอร์ (อาร์โอวี), lit. 'Realm of Valor (RoV)', Vietnamese: Liên Quân Mobile), formerly Strike of Kings, is an international adaptation of Honor of Kings (Chinese: 王者荣耀; pinyin: Wángzhě Róngyào), a multiplayer online battle arena developed by TiMi Studio Group and published by Level Infinite for Android, iOS and Nintendo Switch for markets outside mainland China. As of September 2018, the game has grossed over $140 million outside China. Arena of Valor was one of the esports titles featured at the 2018 Asian Games, 2019 Southeast Asian Games, 2021 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games, and 2021 SEA Games as part of the competitive sport. Arena of Valor was published in other regions by Garena, DeNA, Actoz SG, and TiMi Studio Group.

TiMi Studio Group
TiMi Studio Group (Chinese: 天美工作室群; pinyin: Tiānměi Gōngzuò Shìqún) is a video game developer group based in Shenzhen. A subsidiary of Tencent Games, it operates branches in Singapore, Los Angeles, Chengdu, and Shanghai. TiMi generated an estimated revenue of US$10 billion in 2020. Reportedly, TiMi is the largest video game operator and developer in the world by revenue. Founded in 2008 as Jade Studio, TiMi comprises several development divisions, developing titles such as Honor of Kings, Arena of Valor, Call of Duty: Mobile, Speed Drifters,  Pokémon Unite and Delta Force.
Union Glacier Blue-Ice Runway
Union Glacier Blue-Ice Runway (IATA: UGL, ICAO: SCGC) is the blue ice runway for Union Glacier Camp in Antarctica. It is located in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, on the glacier that gives it its name. It is operated by Antarctic Logistics & Expeditions LLC (ALE), a company that provides expedition support and tours to the interior of Antarctica. It is one of the few places on the continent where heavy intercontinental wheeled aircraft can land on naturally occurring glacial ice.

The runway was certified by the Chilean Directorate General of Civil Aviation in December 2008.

Antarctic Logistics and Expeditions
Antarctic Logistics & Expeditions (ALE; also styled as Antarctic Logistics and Expeditions) is a private company that provides aviation and field logistics for expeditions, tourism, and scientific projects in the interior of Antarctica. It operates seasonal camps and air support centered on Union Glacier in the Ellsworth Mountains of West Antarctica.
Autonegotiation
Autonegotiation is a signaling mechanism and procedure used by Ethernet over twisted pair by which two connected devices choose common transmission parameters, such as speed, duplex mode, and flow control. In this process, the connected devices first share their capabilities regarding these parameters and then choose the highest-performance transmission mode they both support.

Autonegotiation for twisted pair is defined in clause 28 of IEEE 802.3. and was originally an optional component in the Fast Ethernet standard. It is backwards compatible with the normal link pulses (NLP) used by 10BASE-T. The protocol was significantly extended in the Gigabit Ethernet standard, and is mandatory for 1000BASE-T gigabit Ethernet over twisted pair.

In the OSI model, autonegotiation resides in the physical layer.

Gigabit Ethernet
In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is the term applied to transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second. The most popular variant, 1000BASE-T, is defined by the IEEE 802.3ab standard. It came into use in 1999 and has replaced Fast Ethernet in wired local networks due to its considerable speed improvement over Fast Ethernet, as well as its use of cables and equipment that are widely available, economical, and similar to previous standards. The first standard for faster 10 Gigabit Ethernet was approved in 2002.
Devayani (actress)
Sushma Jaidev (born 22 June 1974), professionally known as Devayani Rajakumaran, is an Indian actress known for her works primarily in Tamil and Malayalam films. She has also appeared in a few Telugu, Kannada, Hindi and Bengali films.

She has received several awards for her performances  in Kadhal Kottai (1996), Suryavamsam (1997) and Bharathi (2000).

She was honoured with a Kalaimamani Award in 2000. She won the Best Supporting Actress for the movie Azhagi (2002). She also won the Best Television Actress for her role in the serial Kolangal (2003–2009).

Surya Vamsam (1997 film)
Surya Vamsam (transl. Solar dynasty) is a 1997 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Vikraman. The film stars R. Sarathkumar and Devayani, with Radhika, Manivannan, Priya Raman, Nizhalgal Ravi, Tharini, Ajay Ratnam, Jai Ganesh, Shiva and Anandaraj in supporting roles. It revolves around a traditional father and his illiterate son, following their tense relationship and shows how the strict patriarchy causes a drift between them.

Surya Vamsam was released on 27 June 1997 and emerged one of the most successful Tamil films of the year. The film won six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Vikraman) and Best Actress (Devayani), while Sarathkumar won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil. It was remade into Telugu as Suryavamsam (1998), in Hindi as Sooryavansham (1999), in Kannada as Suryavamsha (1999) and in Bhojpuri as Dulha Milal Dildar (2005).
Democratic Alternation Pole
The Democratic Alternation Pole (Arabic: قطب التناوب الديمقراطي, romanized: qiṭb at-tanāwwub ad-dīmuqrāṭi, French: Pôle de l'Alternance Démocratique) is a Mauritanian political coalition between Sawab and the legally unrecognized Refoundation for a Global Action parties founded on 31 May 2018 ahead of the 2018 parliamentary and 2019 presidential elections.

Refoundation for a Global Action
The Refoundation for a Global Action, formerly known as the Radical Party for a Global Action and commonly referred to by its French acronym RAG (Arabic: الرگ or الرك), is a political party in Mauritania.

It has been connected since its inception to the anti-slavery Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement (IRA) led by Biram Dah Abeid.
Chūichi Nagumo
Chūichi Nagumo (南雲 忠一, Nagumo Chūichi; 25 March 1887 – 6 July 1944) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. Nagumo led Japan's main carrier battle group, the Kido Butai, in the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, and over the next months in successful raids on Darwin in Australia and in the Indian Ocean. In June 1942, he participated at the Battle of Midway, where his strike force suffered a crushing defeat. Nagumo was re-assigned to another fleet during the Guadalcanal campaign, and later stationed in the Japanese home islands. In 1944, he was deployed to a  naval command in the Mariana Islands, where he committed suicide during the Battle of Saipan.

1st Air Fleet
The 1st Air Fleet (第一航空艦隊, Daiichi Kōkū Kantai), also known as the Kidō Butai ("Mobile Force"), was a combined carrier battle group comprising most of the aircraft carriers and carrier air groups of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the first eight months of the Pacific War.

At the time of its attack on Pearl Harbor, in December 1941, the 1st Air Fleet was the world's largest fleet of aircraft carriers.

In its second generation, 1st Air Fleet was a land-based fleet of "kichi kōkūtai" (base air unit(s)).
Woodburn, Oregon
Woodburn is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. Incorporated in 1889, the community had been platted in 1871 after the arrival of the railroad. The city is located in the northern end of the Willamette Valley between Portland and Salem. Interstate 5 connects it to major cities to the north and south. Oregon routes 211, 214, 219, and 99E also serve the city, as do Union Pacific and Willamette Valley Railway freight rail lines.

The population was 26,013 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 30,449 in 2024, Woodburn is part of the Salem metropolitan area. It is the third-most populous in that metropolitan area after Salem and Keizer.

Oregon Route 214
Oregon Route 214 is an Oregon state highway which runs from the city of  Woodburn, southeast into Silver Falls State Park in the Cascade foothills, and then loops back west towards Salem.  The northern segment of the highway (between Silverton and Woodburn) is known as the Hillsboro-Silverton Highway No. 140 (see Oregon highways and routes), a designation which continues north on OR 219, and the southern segment (southeast of Silverton) is known as the Silver Creek Falls Highway No. 163.
Hậu Lý Nam Đế
Hậu Lý Nam Đế (後李南帝, born Lý Phật Tử (李佛子), c. 518 – 602) was the last king of the Early Lý dynasty, founded by his cousin Lý Nam Đế. He reigned in Vạn Xuân (present-day north Vietnam) from 571 to 602.

Early Lý dynasty
The Early Lý dynasty (Vietnamese: nhà Tiền Lý; chữ Nôm: 茹前李), also known in historiography as the Former Lý dynasty or Anterior Lý dynasty, officially Vạn Xuân (chữ Hán: 萬春; "Myriad Spring") or Nam Việt (chữ Hán: 南越; "Southern Việt"), was a dynasty of Vietnam that existed from AD 544 to 602. Its founder Lý Bí assumed the title of "Emperor of Southern Việt", which was later shortened to "Southern Emperor" (Lý Nam Đế). The capital was located at Long Biên within modern-day Hanoi.
Yar Hussain
Yar Hussain (Pashto: یار حسین; Urdu: یار حسین) is one of the largest towns in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, lying about 23 kilometres (14 mi) from the district capital of Mardan and 82 kilometres (51 mi) from the provincial capital of Peshawar.

Yar Hussain is the business centre of the surrounding locality, which includes the towns of Yaqubi, Sard Cheena, Terwatu, Sudher Yaqubi Shaheeda and Dobian.

Sard Cheena
Sard Cheena is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Its neighborhood localities are Dobian, Yaqubi and Yar Hussain

District Swabi has 4 Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 56 union councils in district Swabi.
HMCS Preserver (1941)
HMCS Preserver was a depot ship of the Coastal Forces of the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II.  Commissioned in July 1942, Preserver supported Canadian Fairmile B motor launches in Canadian and Newfoundland waters during the war.

The ship was sold to the Peruvian Navy in 1946 and renamed the vessel Mariscal Castilla. Used as a fleet supply ship, Mariscal Castilla was renamed Cabo Blanco in 1953. Past 1960, the sources diverge on the fate of the vessel, with most stating that Cabo Blanco was broken up for scrap, while one states the vessel was sold into commercial service. Renamed Cayo Blanco and then Petronap the vessel caught fire and wrecked at San Lorenzo Island near Callao on 20 April 1963.

Canadian Fairmile B motor launch
The Canadian Fairmile B was a motor launch built during the Second World War for the Royal Canadian Navy. They were adaptations of the British Fairmile B motor launch design incorporating slight modifications for Canadian climatic and operational conditions. Eighty-eight were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the Royal Canadian Navy in home waters, of which eight were supplied to the United States Navy.

They were known by their crews as "The Little Ships", "Little Fighting Ships", "Q-Boats", "MLs" or "Holy Rollers" (due to their violent pitching and tossing),