hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Otto, King of Bavaria
Otto (German: Otto Wilhelm Luitpold Adalbert Waldemar; 27 April 1848 – 11 October 1916) was King of Bavaria from 1886 until 1913. However, he never actively ruled because of alleged severe mental illness. His uncle, Luitpold, and his cousin, Ludwig, served as regents.  Ludwig deposed him in 1913, a day after the legislature passed a law allowing him to do so, and became king in his own right as Ludwig III.

Otto was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and the younger brother of Ludwig II.

Maximilian II of Bavaria
Maximilian II (28 November 1811 – 10 March 1864) reigned as King of Bavaria between 1848 and 1864.

Ascending the throne during the German Revolution of 1848, King Maximilian restored stability in his kingdom. The rest of his reign was characterized by attempts to maintain Bavarian independence during the wars of German Unification and to transform his capital city of Munich into a cultural and educational city. He was very popular and took a greater interest in the business of government than in personal extravagance.
Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury
Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury (1565 – 2 May 1635) was an English army officer who served in the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War. A brother of Francis Vere, he was sent to the Electoral Palatinate by James VI and I in 1620. He was subsequently elevated to the peerage of England as "Baron Vere of Tilbury", which became extinct after he died without a male heir.

Francis Vere
Sir Francis Vere (1560/61 – 28 August 1609) was an English soldier serving under Queen Elizabeth I fighting mainly in the Low Countries during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) and the Eighty Years' War.

He was a sergeant major-general of English and Scottish troops in 1589, a position he retained during fifteen campaigns fighting the Spanish, with almost unbroken success – most notably at the Battle of Nieuwpoort. He enjoyed excellent relations with the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau, working in close co-operation with them to help secure the country for the cause of independence.
WSUF
WSUF (89.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Noyack, New York, and serving the eastern Long Island and southeastern Connecticut areas.  It is owned by Sacred Heart University.

It broadcasts a news/talk radio and classical music format that includes programming from NPR, Public Radio International, and American Public Media.  For most of the time, it acts as a full satellite of WSHU, though on Sunday mornings and afternoons it simulcasts WSHU-FM's classical programming.

The station was assigned the WSUF call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on October 1, 1993.

WSHU (AM)
WSHU (1260 AM), is an NPR member radio station licensed to Westport, Connecticut. It is owned and operated by Sacred Heart University. By day, WSHU is powered at 688 watts. However, at night, to avoid interference with other stations on 1260 AM, it reduces power to 72 watts. Programming is also heard on 150-watt FM translator W276DY at 103.1 MHz in Westport.

WSHU primarily features news, talk and informational programming from National Public Radio with local news updates throughout the day.  It holds periodic fundraisers on the air to support the running of the station.  AM 1260 is one of the WSHU news and talk frequencies, which also includes the HD2 digital subchannel of WSHU-FM 91.1 in Fairfield, WSTC (1400 AM) in Stamford, WSUF (89.9 FM) in Greenport, New York, and WYBC (1340 AM) in New Haven.
Gainsborough Lea Road railway station
Gainsborough Lea Road (originally opened as Gainsborough and briefly known as Gainsborough North) is one of two railway stations that serve the town of Gainsborough in Lincolnshire, England, the other being Gainsborough Central, which is located in the town centre. The station is managed by East Midlands Railway and is located 14+1⁄4 miles (23 km) northwest of Lincoln Central on the A156 Lea Road in the south of the town. It opened in 1867 on a single line of the Great Northern Railway, who ran four trains a day from Gainsborough to Lincoln.

Lincoln railway station
Lincoln railway station (previously Lincoln Central) serves the city of Lincoln, in Lincolnshire, England. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway, which provides the majority of services from the station, along with Northern Trains and London North Eastern Railway. It is the busiest station in the county and the fifth busiest in the East Midlands.

Lincoln Central bus station, the city's main bus station, lies within a couple of minutes' walk to the north-east of the station; it is easily accessed via a pedestrian crossing and pedestrianised plaza.
Surma-Meghna River System
The Surma-Meghna River System is a river complex in the Indian subcontinent, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest on earth. It rises in the Manipur Hills of northeast India as the Barak River, flows west to become the Surma River, then flows south as the Meghna River out to the Bay of Bengal.  In total, the river system spans 946 kilometres (588 mi), of which 669 kilometres (416 mi) are within Bangladesh.

Surma River
The Surma (Bengali: সুরমা নদী, romanized: Śurmā nôdī) is a major transboundary river in Bangladesh and Assam, part of the Surma-Meghna River System. It starts when the Barak River from northeast India divides at the Bangladesh border into the Surma and the Kushiyara rivers at the junction of Cachar and Karimganj districts. It ends in Kishoreganj District, above Bhairab Bāzār, where the two rivers rejoin to form the Meghna River, which ultimately flows into the Bay of Bengal in Bhola District.
Norman Clyde Peak
Norman Clyde Peak, standing 13,970 feet (4,258 m) tall, is in natural company among the high peaks of the Palisades region of the Sierra Nevada in California. It raises on the main ridge of the Palisades', between Middle Palisade and Palisade Crest. Norman Clyde Glacier on its north face, and Middle Palisade Glacier on its east both feed the headwaters of the South Fork of Big Pine Creek. It is named posthumously for mountaineer Norman Clyde, who first climbed it by way of the Norman Clyde Glacier in 1930.

Palisades (California Sierra)
The Palisades (or the Palisade Group) are a group of peaks in the central part of the Sierra Nevada in the U.S. state of California. They are located about 12 miles (19 km) southwest of the town of Big Pine, California. The peaks in the group are particularly steep, rugged peaks and "contain the finest alpine climbing in California." The group makes up about 6 miles (10 km) of the Sierra Crest, which divides the Central Valley watershed from the Owens Valley, and which runs generally northwest to southeast.
Peabody Essex Museum
The Peabody Essex Museum (PEM) in Salem, Massachusetts, US, is a successor to the East India Marine Society, established in 1799.  It combines the collections of the former Peabody Museum of Salem (which acquired the Society's collection) and the Essex Institute. PEM is one of the oldest continuously operating museums in the United States  and holds one of the major collections of Asian art in the United States. Its total holdings include about 1.3 million pieces, as well as twenty-two historic buildings.

After opening newly expanded spaces in 2019, PEM now ranks in the top 10 North American art museums in terms of gallery square footage, operating budget and endowment.  The PEM holds more than 840,000 works of historical and cultural art covering maritime, American, Asian, Oceanic and African art, Asian export art, and two large libraries with over 400,000 books and manuscripts.

Peabody Museum of Salem
The Peabody Museum of Salem (1915–1992), formerly the Peabody Academy of Science (1865–1915), was a museum and antiquarian society based in Salem, Massachusetts.  The academy was organized in part as a successor to the East India Marine Society (founded 1799), which had become moribund but held a large collection of maritime materials in a museum collection at the East India Marine Hall, built in 1825 on Essex Street.  The Peabody Museum was merged with the Essex Institute to form the Peabody Essex Museum in 1992.  The East India Marine Hall, now embedded within the latter's modern structure, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 in recognition of this heritage, which represents the nation's oldest continuously-operating museum collection.
Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (/æbˈdʊlə/; Arabic: عبد الله بن عبد المطلب, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib; c. 545-570) was the father of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the son of Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim and Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum Clan.

He was married to Aminah bint Wahb. Muhammad was their only child.

Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شيبة بن هاشم; c. 481–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muttalib, (Arabic: عبد المطلب, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation and grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Iowa Highway 141
Iowa Highway 141 (Iowa 141) is an east–west highway in the western and central portions of the state. It is the most direct link between Sioux City and Des Moines. It also serves as an expressway link between Des Moines and the outlying communities of Perry, Granger, and Grimes. Iowa 141 begins near Sloan at an interchange with Interstate 29 (I-29) at ends at another interchange with I-35 /I-80 on the edge of the Des Moines suburbs of Urbandale and Grimes.

Interstate 29 in Iowa
In the US state of Iowa, Interstate 29 (I-29) is a north–south Interstate Highway, which closely parallels the Missouri River. I-29 enters Iowa from Missouri near Hamburg and heads to the north-northwest through the Omaha–Council Bluffs and the Sioux City areas. It exits the state by crossing the Big Sioux River into South Dakota. For its entire distance through the state, I-29 runs on the flat land between the Missouri River and the Loess Hills, and is also part of the Lewis and Clark Trail.

I-29 was built in sections over a period of 15 years. When there was a shortage of male workers, female workers stepped in to build a 20-mile (32 km) section near Missouri Valley. Between Council Bluffs and Sioux City, I-29 replaced U.S. Highway 75 (US 75) as the major route in western Iowa. As a result of I-29's creation, US 75 south of Sioux City was relocated into Nebraska.
Backus–Naur form
In computer science, Backus–Naur form (BNF, pronounced /ˌbækəs ˈnaʊər/), also known as Backus normal form, is a notation system for defining the syntax of programming languages and other formal languages, developed by John Backus and Peter Naur. It is a metasyntax for context-free grammars, providing a precise way to outline the rules of a language's structure.

It has been widely used in official specifications, manuals, and textbooks on programming language theory, as well as to describe document formats, instruction sets, and communication protocols. Over time, variations such as extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) and augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) have emerged, building on the original framework with added features.

Extended Backus–Naur form
In computer science, extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) is a family of metasyntax notations, any of which can be used to express a context-free grammar.  EBNF is used to make a formal description of a formal language such as a computer programming language. They are extensions of the basic Backus–Naur form (BNF) metasyntax notation. The earliest EBNF was developed by Niklaus Wirth, incorporating some of the concepts (with a different syntax and notation) from Wirth syntax notation. Today, many variants of EBNF are in use. The International Organization for Standardization adopted an EBNF Standard, ISO/IEC 14977, in 1996. According to Zaytsev, however, this standard "only ended up adding yet another three dialects to the chaos" and, after noting its lack of success, also notes that the ISO EBNF is not even used in all ISO standards.

This article uses EBNF as specified by the ISO for examples applying to all EBNFs. Other EBNF variants use somewhat different syntactic conventions.
Ivy Queen Musa Sound Corporation
Ivy Queen Musa Sound Corporation (formerly known as Filtro Musik and later Drama Records) is a multi-genre record label founded by Ivy Queen and José Guadalupe in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 2005 with the release of Ivy Queen's fifth studio album Flashback. The label also has an office in Miami, Florida. It serves the genres of reggaetón, bachata, hip hop, R&B, and various other styles of tropical and Latin music. The label has previously been distributed by Univision Records and Machete Music while currently being distributed by Siente Music since early 2012.

Machete Music
Machete Music is an urban music label owned by Universal Music Group. The label was once largely associated with reggaeton music, but later also signed non-reggaeton artists such as Malverde, Mala Rodriguez and Chino XL. The label is part of Universal Music Latin Entertainment. Machete Music is one of the most prevalent labels in the reggaeton genre.

According to Toy Selectah (also known as Toy Hernández, A&R of the label from 2004 to 2007), its president Gustavo López "suggested the name Machete, in part because of Control Machete, Hernández's former band". In 2010, the label launched its Machete Music Tour 2010 in celebration of the label's fifth anniversary. The label claims 80% of Latin Rhythm Billboard chart sales. In the five years between the label's establishment in 2005 and 2010, Machete had 27 top ten albums on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, eleven of which were number one albums.
This Is That Productions
This Is That Productions (also known as This is that corporation) was one of the leading independent feature film production companies.  Established in 2002, and based in New York City, the company was founded and fully owned by Ted Hope, Anne Carey, Anthony Bregman, and Diana Victor. The four partners previously worked together at the groundbreaking Good Machine, which Ted Hope co-founded in 1991.

The partners at This Is That were responsible for over fifty feature films. In addition to their seven Academy Award nominations their films received eighteen Independent Spirit Award nominations.  Three of their films won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.

Likely Story
Likely Story is an independent film production company founded by its president and CEO Anthony Bregman in October 2006 with Stefanie Azpiazu. It is based in New York City with an office in Los Angeles.
Project MINARET
Project MINARET was a domestic espionage project operated by the National Security Agency (NSA), which, after intercepting electronic communications that contained the names of predesignated US citizens, passed them to other government law enforcement and intelligence organizations. Intercepted messages were disseminated to the FBI, CIA, Secret Service, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD), and the Department of Defense. The project was a sister project to Project SHAMROCK.

Operating between 1967 and 1973, over 5,925 foreigners and 1,690 organizations and US citizens were included on the Project MINARET watch lists. 1,650 U.S. citizens were targeted.  Among those monitored were: U.S. Senator Howard Baker, Civil Rights Movement leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Whitney Young, boxer Muhammad Ali, New York Times journalist Tom Wicker, the actress Jane Fonda and Washington Post humor columnist Art Buchwald.

Project SHAMROCK
Project SHAMROCK was a United States government domestic espionage project operated by the predecessor to the National Security Agency (NSA) between the 1940s and 1970s. Project SHAMROCK was the sister project to Project MINARET, an espionage exercise started in August 1945.  Project MINARET involved the accumulation of all telegraphic data that entered or exited the United States. The Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) and its successor, the NSA, were given direct access to daily microfilm copies of all incoming, outgoing, and transiting telegrams via the Western Union and its associates RCA and ITT. NSA did the operational interception, and, if there was information that would be of interest to other intelligence agencies, the material was passed to them. Intercepted messages were disseminated to the FBI, CIA, Secret Service, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD), and the Department of Defense. No court authorized the operation and there were no warrants.
Gas van
A gas van or gas wagon (Russian: душегубка, romanized: dushegubka, lit. 'soul killer'; Serbian: душегупка, romanized: dušegupka; German: Gaswagen) was a truck re-equipped as a mobile gas chamber. During World War II and the Holocaust, Nazi Germany developed and used gas vans on a large scale to kill inmates of asylums, Romani people, Jews, and prisoners in occupied Poland, Belarus, Serbia, the Soviet Union, and other regions of German-occupied Europe. There are several documented cases of gas vans used by Soviet NKVD during the Great Purge.

Gas chamber
A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. Poisonous agents used include hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. High concentration carbon dioxide is typically used in gas chambers for animals.
Rang Ghar
The Rang Ghar  (Assamese: [ɹɔŋɡʱɔɹ]), (rong ghor meaning "House of Entertainment") is a two-storeyed building which once served as the royal sports-pavilion where Ahom kings and nobles were spectators at games like buffalo fights and other sports at Rupahi Pathar (pathar meaning "field" in Assamese) - particularly during the Rongali Bihu festival in the Ahom capital of Rangpur.

It is three kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the center of Sivasagar Town. Situated by the side of the Assam Trunk Road, it lies to the northeast of the Rangpur Palace, a almost seven-storied royal complex comprising the Talatal Ghar and the Kareng Ghar.

Kareng Ghar
26°56′12″N 94°44′43″E﻿ / ﻿26.9366000°N 94.7452083°E﻿ / 26.9366000; 94.7452083
Kareng (Pron:/ˌkɑ:ɹɛŋ ˈgɑ:/, "royal palace"), also known as The Garhgaon Palace, is located in  Garhgaon 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Sivasagar, Assam, India.  The palace structures were made of wood and stone. In 1751 Sunenphaa, son of Sukhrungphaa, constructed the brick wall of about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in length surrounding the Garhgaon Palace and the masonry gate leading to it.

After the destruction of the old palace it was rebuilt around 1752 as the present seven-storied structure by Suremphaa (1751–1769).

The earliest constructions were commissioned by Sukhrungphaa in 1698 AD. Rangpur was the capital of the Ahom Kingdom and served as its military station.

Surviving design at karengghar
Apollinary Vasnetsov
Apollinary Mikhaylovich Vasnetsov (Russian: Аполлина́рий Миха́йлович Васнецо́в; 6 August [O.S. 25 July] 1856 – 23 January 1933) was a Russian painter and graphic artist.  He specialised in scenes from the medieval history of Moscow.

Vasnetsov did not receive a formal artistic education. He had studied under his older brother, Viktor, also a famous painter. From 1883, he along with his brother lived and worked in Abramtsevo where he fell under the influence of Vasily Polenov. In 1898–1899, he travelled across Europe. In addition to epic landscapes of Russian nature, Apollinary Vasnetsov created his own genre of historical landscape reconstruction on the basis of historical and archaeological data. His paintings present a visual picture of medieval Moscow. He was a member of the Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) from 1899, and an academician from 1900. He became one of the founders and supervisors of the Union of Russian Artists.

Viktor Vasnetsov
Viktor Mikhaylovich Vasnetsov (Russian: Ви́ктор Миха́йлович Васнецо́в; 15 May [O.S. 3 May] 1848 – 23 July 1926) was a Russian painter and draughtsman who specialised in mythological and historical subjects. He is considered a co-founder of Russian folklorist and romantic nationalistic painting, and a key figure in the Russian Revivalist movement.
Mammoth Cave Parkway
The Mammoth Cave Parkway is a major roadway located in the Mammoth Cave National Park in west-central Kentucky. It encompasses parts of Kentucky Routes 70 and 255 within the park in northwestern Barren and eastern Edmonson Counties. It closely follows the Mammoth Cave Railroad Bike & Hike Trail.

Kentucky Route 70
Kentucky Route 70 (KY 70) is a long east–west state highway that originates at a junction with U.S. Route 60 (US 60) in Smithland in Livingston County, just east of the Ohio River. The route continues through the counties of Crittenden, Caldwell, Hopkins, Muhlenberg, Butler, Edmonson, Barren, Barren, Metcalfe, Green, Taylor, Casey, Pulaski, Lincoln and back into Pulaski again to terminate at a junction with US 150 near Maretburg in Rockcastle.
Fugit
In mathematical finance, fugit is the expected (or optimal) date to exercise an American- or Bermudan option. It is useful for hedging purposes here; see Greeks (finance) and Optimal stopping § Option trading.  The term was first introduced by Mark Garman in an article "Semper tempus fugit" published in 1989.  The Latin term "tempus fugit" means "time flies" and Garman suggested the name because "time flies especially when you're having fun managing your book of American options".

Greeks (finance)
In mathematical finance, the Greeks are the quantities (known in calculus as partial derivatives; first-order or higher) representing the sensitivity of the price of a derivative instrument such as an option to changes in one or more underlying parameters on which the value of an instrument or portfolio of financial instruments is dependent. The name is used because the most common of these sensitivities are denoted by Greek letters (as are some other finance measures). Collectively these have also been called the risk sensitivities, risk measures: 742  or hedge parameters.
FC Dynamo GTS Stavropol
FC Dynamo GTS Stavropol (Russian: ФК "Динамо ГТС" Ставрополь) was an association football club from Stavropol, Russia, founded in 1986. It last played in the Russian Professional Football League (which is the highest level the club has ever achieved). In 2011, the remains of dissolved FC Krasnodar-2000 were integrated in the club. It is formally a separate club from the club that participated in professional competition previously as Dynamo Stavropol. Before the 2015–16 season, it was renamed to Dynamo Stavropol.

PFC Dynamo Stavropol
PFC Dynamo Stavropol (Russian: «Динамо» (Ставрополь)) is an association football club from Stavropol, south Russia, best known for winning the 1949 RSFSR championship in one of the 9 zones. In recent years it played mostly in Russian Second League, the third league in the national hierarchy. Due to severe financial difficulties, Dynamo missed the opportunity to be promoted to the First Division in 2005. After that, it was formally liquidated two times and resurrected again as an amateur team, eventually redeeming the professional status. As of the season 2013–14, the team played in the amateur championship of Stavropol krai under the name Dynamo UOR. A separate club was renamed FC Dynamo GTS Stavropol for the 2014–15 season in the Russian Professional Football League. Before the 2015–16 season, FC Dynamo GTS was renamed FC Dynamo Stavropol.