hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A. F. Millidge
Alfred Frank Millidge (1914 – 16 April 2012) was a British arachnologist who specialised in the spider family Linyphiidae. He co-authored the influential three-volume work British Spiders with G. H. Locket and conducted extensive taxonomic research on North American and South American linyphiid spiders.

G. H. Locket
George Hazelwood Locket (12 October 1900 – 27 January 1991) was a British arachnologist who shared the 1974 H. H. Bloomer Award with A. F. Millidge. He and Millidge co-wrote British Spiders, volumes I and II. He studied at the University of Oxford.
5 Reichspfennig (World War II German coin)
The zinc 5 Reichspfennig coin was minted by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1944 during World War II, replacing the bronze-aluminium version, which had a distinct golden color. It was worth 1⁄20 or .05 of a Reichsmark. Made entirely of zinc, the 5 Reichspfennig is an emergency issue type, similar to the zinc 1 and 10 Reichspfennig, and the aluminium 50 Reichspfennig coins from the same period.

Reichsmark
The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replaced by the Deutsche Mark, to become the currency of West Germany and then all of Germany after the 1990 reunification. The Reichsmark was used in the Soviet occupation zone in Germany until 23 June 1948, where it was replaced by the East German mark. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig (Rpf or ℛ︁₰). The mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; Reich ('realm') comes from the official name for the German state from 1871 to 1945, Deutsches Reich.
Alpha Lambda Epsilon
Alpha Lambda Epsilon (ΑΛΕ) is a coeducation social and literary society at the University of Olivet in Olivet, Michigan, United States. It was established in 1922 as a sorority and became coed in 1975.

University of Olivet
The University of Olivet, formerly known as Olivet College, is a private Christian college in Olivet, Michigan, United States. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It was founded in 1844 by missionaries from Oberlin College, and it followed Oberlin in becoming the second coeducational college or university in the United States.  The University of Olivet is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches and stands in the Reformed tradition of Protestantism.
Michael Fitzgerald (cardinal)
Michael Louis Fitzgerald MAfr OBE (born 17 August 1937) is a British cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and an expert on Christian–Muslim relations. He has had the rank of archbishop since 2002. At his retirement in 2012, he was the Apostolic Nunciature to Egypt and delegate to the Arab League. He headed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue from 2002 to 2006. Pope Francis raised him to the rank of cardinal on 5 October 2019.

Fitzgerald is an expert on Islam, Christian–Muslim relations and interreligious dialogue within the senior hierarchy of the Catholic Church. His publications include Dieu rêve d'unité. Les catholiques et les religions: les leçons du dialogue. Entretiens avec Annie Laurent (Paris, Bayard Presse, 2005) and (with John Borelli) Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View, (SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006), both translated into Italian. He is fluent in Arabic.

Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue
The Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue, previously named the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (PCID), is a dicastery of the Roman Curia, erected by Pope Paul VI on 19 May 1964 as the Secretariat for Non-Christians, and renamed by Pope John Paul II on 28 June 1988.

The Dicastery does not have responsibility for relations with other Christian religions, which are the responsibility of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity, which also has oversight of the Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews.
Gothic War (376–382)
The Gothic War of 376–382 was one of several Gothic Wars in Roman history in which the Goths fought against the Roman Empire. This particular conflict included the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of Adrianople, which is commonly seen as a cause of the decline of the Western Roman Empire, although its significance is widely debated.

Battle of Adrianople
The Battle of Adrianople, also known as Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between the Eastern Roman army led by the Roman emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels), led by Fritigern. The battle took place on 9 August 378 in the vicinity of Adrianople, in the Roman province of Thracia (modern Edirne in European Turkey). It ended with an overwhelming victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens.

As part of the Gothic War of 376–382, the battle is often considered the start of the events which led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.

A detailed contemporary account of the lead-up to the battle from the Roman perspective was written by Ammianus Marcellinus and forms the culminating point at the end of his history.
Roti canai
Roti canai (/tʃa'naj/), or roti prata (in Singapore), also known as roti chanai and roti cane, is an unleavened flatbread of Indian origin found in the cuisines of Southeast Asia, especially those of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. It is usually served with dal or other types of curry but can also be cooked in a range of sweet or savoury variations made with different ingredients, such as meat, eggs, or cheese.

Flatbread
A flatbread is bread made usually with flour; water, milk, yogurt, or other liquid; and salt, and then thoroughly rolled into flattened dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened, although some are leavened, such as pita.

Flatbreads range from below one millimeter to a few centimeters thick so that they can be easily eaten without being sliced. They can be baked in an oven, fried in hot oil, grilled over hot coals, cooked on a hot pan, tava, comal, or metal griddle, and eaten fresh or packaged and frozen for later use.
Penn State Dickinson Law
Penn State Dickinson Law, formerly Dickinson School of Law, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, is one of two campuses of the law school of Pennsylvania State University, a public research university in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It originally began in 1834 as a school associated with Dickinson College, was independent throughout most of the twentieth century, and joined Pennsylvania State University in 2000. The other campus of the law school is in University Park, Pennsylvania, where the university's main campus is located.

Dickinson College
Dickinson College is a private liberal arts college in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1773 as Carlisle Grammar School, Dickinson was chartered on September 9, 1783, making it the first college to be founded after the formation of the United States. Dickinson was founded by Benjamin Rush, a Founding Father and signer of the Declaration of Independence. The college is named in honor of John Dickinson, a Founding Father who voted to ratify the Constitution and later served as governor of Pennsylvania, and his wife Mary Norris Dickinson, who donated much of their extensive personal libraries to the new college.
Liniers counterrevolution
The Liniers counter-revolution took place in the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata after the May Revolution in 1810. The former viceroy, Santiago de Liniers, led an ill-fated counter-revolutionary attempt from the city of Córdoba (in Argentina), and it was quickly frustrated by the patriotic forces of the newly formed Army of the North. Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo, the leader of the Army of the North, captured the leaders and dispatched them to Buenos Aires as prisoners, but, on the orders of the Primera Junta, they were intercepted and executed before arrival.

Primera Junta
The Primera Junta ("First Junta") or Junta Provisional Gubernativa de las Provincias del Río de la Plata ("Provisional Governing Junta of the Provinces of the Río de la Plata"), is the most common name given to the first government of what would eventually become Argentina. It was formed on 25 May 1810, as a result of the events of the May Revolution. The Junta initially only had representatives from Buenos Aires. When it was expanded, as expected, with the addition of representatives from the other cities of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, it became popularly known instead as the Junta Grande (Grand Junta) or Junta Provisional Gubernativa de Buenos Aires. The Junta operated at El Fuerte (the fort, where the modern Casa Rosada stands), which had been used since 1776 as a residence by the viceroys.
Schatzalp-Bahn
The Schatzalp-Bahn is a funicular railway in Davos, Switzerland. The line leads from Davos-Platz at 1,557 m (5,108 ft) to Schatzalp at 1,861 m (6,106 ft). It has a length of 712 m (2,336 ft) at a maximum inclination of 47% with a difference of elevation of 304 m (997 ft). The funicular has two cars on a single track with a passing loop. It provides access to Schatzalp and Strela skiing area.

The funicular was completed in 1899 to provide access to the Kurhaus at Schatzalp, now Berghotel Schatzalp. It was the first funicular in the canton of Graubünden. Construction had been delayed as the concession to build the line had first been awarded to Aktiengesellschaft Kurhaus Davos and a competitor. Only in 1898 it received it exclusively. The newly created company Davosplatz-Schatzalp-Bahn then built and operated the line.

The lower station is located next to Davos Platz railway station.

Berghotel Schatzalp AG currently owns and operates the line.

Berghotel Schatzalp
Berghotel Schatzalp is a historic hotel built in the Art Nouveau style and listed Cultural Property of National Significance in Davos, eastern Switzerland. It is located above the western side of Davos at 1,860 metres (6,100 ft) above sea level on the historic path over the Strela Pass, and forms part of the Schatzalp skiing and recreational area, near the Rinerhorn. Schatzalp is accessed via the funicular Schatzalp-Bahn from the town of Davos below.

A former hi-tech tuberculosis sanitorium, it opened as the hotel Berghotel Schatzalp in 1953. The hotel caters for global economic and political leaders during the World Economic Forum Annual Meetings in the third week of January, when it is described by The Telegraph as "the most fashionable place in town, or above it, for a private party."
Storm King State Park
Storm King State Park is a 1,972-acre (7.98 km2) state park in Orange County, New York. The park is in the southeast part of the Town of Cornwall, next to the Hudson River. A central feature of the park is Storm King Mountain.

Storm King Mountain (New York)
Storm King Mountain is a mountain on the west bank of the Hudson River just south of Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. Together with Breakneck Ridge on the opposite bank of the river it forms "Wey-Gat" or Wind Gate, the picturesque northern narrows of the Hudson Highlands. Its distinctive curved ridge is the most prominent aspect of the view south down Newburgh Bay, from Newburgh, Beacon, and the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge. It can also be seen by southbound travelers on nearby sections of the New York State Thruway. This view was a popular subject for early artists of the Hudson River School.

While thought of as the highest point in the area, its summit reaching approximately 1,340 feet (410 m) above sea level, the eastern summit known officially as Butter Hill is actually higher, with an elevation of 1,380 feet (420 m).
La Belle et la Bête (opera)
La Belle et la Bête (The Beauty and the Beast) is an opera for ensemble and film, composed in 1994 by Philip Glass based on a libretto in French by the composer according to the script of the film by Jean Cocteau released in 1946. This is the second part of a trilogy in homage to the French poet after Orphée (1993) and before Les Enfants terribles (1996). The first preview performance of the work took place on 4 June 1994 in Seville, with Michael Riesman conducting. The world premiere performance of the work took place on 21 June 1994 in Gibellina.

The work has been played more than 90 times around the world, in particular at the Brooklyn Academy of Music of New York on 17 December 1994 for the American premiere and at the Cité de la musique in Paris on 17 January 2003 for the French premiere.

Les Enfants terribles (opera)
Les Enfants terribles is a danced chamber opera for four voices and three pianos (grand pianos or electronic), composed in 1996 by Philip Glass, to a French-language libretto by the composer, in collaboration with the American choreographer Susan Marshall, after Jean Cocteau's eponymous novel published in 1929 and Jean-Pierre Melville's 1950 film. Commissioned by the "Steps" dance festival organized by the Pour-cent culturel Migros in several Swiss cities, this is the last part of a trilogy in homage to the French poet after Orphée (1993) and La Belle et la Bête (1994). The world premiere of the work took place on 18 May 1996 in Zug conducted by Karen Kamensek.
Bektenov Government
The Bektenov Government (Kazakh: Бектенов Үкіметі, romanized: Bektenov Ükimeti; Russian: Правительство Бектенова) is the 19th and current composition of the government of Kazakhstan under the leadership of Prime Minister Oljas Bektenov. The government was formed on 6 February 2024, after Bektenov was appointed as the PM by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and received parliamentary approval, succeeding the previous cabinet led by Älihan Smaiylov. The initial composition of the cabinet featured four newly appointed ministers.

Second Smaiylov Government
The Second Smaiylov Government (Kazakh: Смайылов екінші үкіметі, romanized: Smayılov ekinşi ükimeti; Russian: Второе правительство Смаилова) was the 18th composition of the Government of Kazakhstan under the leadership of Prime Minister Alihan Smaiylov. It was formed shortly after the 2023 legislative election, where the First Smaiylov Government previously resigned. On 30 March 2023, Smaiylov was reappointed as PM by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev after the lower house Mäjilis' confirmation in an 82–7 vote with eight abstentions.

In February 2024, President Tokayev dismissed Smaiylov from the post of Prime Minister, leading to Roman Sklyar briefly assuming the role of acting PM. Subsequently, Oljas Bektenov was appointed by the parliament to officially succeed Smaiylov as the Prime Minister and form the 15th government.
Hakuhodo
Hakuhodo Inc. (株式会社博報堂, Kabushiki-gaisha Hakuhōdō) is a Japanese advertising and public relations company owned by Hakuhodo DY Holdings. It is headquartered at Akasaka Biz Tower in Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo.

Hakuhodo DY Holdings
Hakuhodo DY Holdings Inc. (株式会社博報堂DYホールディングス) is a Japanese advertising holding company that owns Hakuhodo, Daiko, and Yomiko Advertising. It is the second largest advertising company in Japan, following Dentsu. Its headquarters are located in Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo.
Sonora Pass
Sonora Pass (el. 9,624 ft. / 2,933 m.) is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada in California. It is the second-highest pass with a road in California and in the Sierra Nevada. It is 321 feet (98 m) lower than Tioga Pass to the south. State Route 108 traverses the pass, as does the Pacific Crest Trail.

Tioga Pass
Tioga Pass is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. State Route 120 runs through it, and serves as the eastern entry point for Yosemite National Park, at the Tioga Pass Entrance Station. It is the highest elevation highway pass in California and in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 9,945 ft (3,031 m). Mount Dana is to the east of the pass, and Gaylor Peak to the west.
William Beausire
Guillermo Roberto Beausire Alonso (born 3 December 1948 – disappeared 2 July 1975), anglicised as William Beausire, was a British-Chilean commercial engineer who was abducted by  DINA agents at Ministro Pistarini International Airport, Buenos Aires on 2 November 1974. Returned to Chile, Beausire was held in various  DINA torture and detention centres before his enforced disappearance on 2 July 1975.

British Chileans
British Chileans are Chilean residents with fully or partial antecedents from the United Kingdom. The British have been very important in the formation of the Chilean nation. They include Chileans of English, Scottish, Ulster Scots, (Northern) Irish and Welsh ancestry. The numbers of Scottish and Welsh are higher in Patagonia, in Aysén and Magallanes regions. The highest percentage of British Chileans is found in Punta Arenas, followed by Santiago, Valparaíso, Concepción, Viña del Mar and Antofagasta.
Piperine
Piperine is an alkaloid extracted from the plant, Piper nigrum. Responsible for the pungency of black pepper, it is used in food flavorings as a spice, in fragrances, as an insecticide, and as an animal pest repellent.

Along with its isomer chavicine, piperine from black pepper and long pepper has pungency effects via activation of TRPV1.

It has been used in some forms of traditional medicine. It can be acutely toxic if swallowed in high doses.

Long pepper
Long pepper (Piper longum),  sometimes called Indian long pepper or pippali, is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. Long pepper has a taste similar to, but sweeter and more pungent than, that of its close relative Piper nigrum – from which black, green and white pepper are obtained.

The fruit of the pepper consists of many minuscule fruits – each about the size of a poppy seed – embedded in the surface of a flower spike that closely resembles a hazel tree catkin. Like Piper nigrum, the fruits contain the compound piperine, which contributes to their pungency. Another species of long pepper, Piper retrofractum, is native to Java, Indonesia. The fruits of this plant are often confused with chili peppers, which belong to the genus Capsicum, originally from the Americas.
Germania (guild)
Germanies (in Catalan; literally "brotherhoods") were guilds of artisans in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain.  Each germania ([dʒeɾmaˈni.a]) represented a single trade.  The germanies are similar to the hermandades (also "brotherhoods", but in Castilian Spanish) of Castile, which were paramilitary law-enforcement militias.  Similar to the hermandades, the Germanies at times took up arms to defend Valencia against raids from the Barbary pirates, but this privilege was revoked and the Germanies suppressed after they revolted against the royal government of King Charles I of Spain.

Santa Hermandad
Santa Hermandad (Spanish: [ˈsanta eɾmanˈdað], lit. "holy brotherhood") was a type of military peacekeeping association of armed individuals, which became characteristic of municipal life in medieval Spain, especially in Castile.  Modern hermandades in Spain, some of which evolved from medieval origins, are now for the most part religious confraternities retaining only a military structure and ethos.
Payette, Idaho
Payette is a city in and the county seat of Payette County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2020 census, Payette had a population of 8,127. It is part of the Ontario, OR−ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Ontario, Oregon
Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. It lies along the Snake River at the Idaho border. The population was 11,645 at the 2020 census. The city is the largest community in the region of far eastern Oregon, also known as the Western Treasure Valley.

Ontario is the principal city of the Ontario, OR-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Malheur County in Oregon and Payette County in Idaho.

Ontario is approximately halfway between Portland and Salt Lake City. It is the closest city to the Idaho border along Interstate 84. The city's slogan is "Where Oregon Begins".
Pedro de la Portilla
Pedro de la Portilla was an 18th-century Criollo rebel in New Spain against the Spanish. He was the leader of the Conspiracy of the Machetes (Spanish: la conspiración de los machetes), an unsuccessful rebellion in 1799. Although the conspiracy posed no threat to Spanish rule, nevertheless it was a shock to the rulers. Coming only 11 years before the Grito de Dolores, it is considered in modern Mexico to be a forerunner of the Mexican War of Independence.

Conspiracy of the Machetes
The Conspiracy of the Machetes (Spanish: La Conspiración de los Machetes) was an unsuccessful rebellion against the Spanish in New Spain in 1799. Although the conspiracy posed no threat to Spanish rule, nevertheless it was a shock to the rulers. Coming only 11 years before the Grito de Dolores, it is considered in modern Mexico to be a precursor of the Mexican War of Independence.
Solar News Channel
Solar News Channel (SNC) was the Philippine free-to-air television channel owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation and Nine Media Corporation (formerly Solar Television Network), leased airtime from Southern Broadcasting Network (2012–2013) and Radio Philippines Network (2013–2014). The station was operational 18 hours a day from 6:00 AM to midnight on free TV, while being available 24 hours on cable, satellite and internet TV providers.

The channel was carried over on SBN's flagship DWCP-TV (2012-13) and RPN's flagship DZKB-TV (2013-14).

SNC local programming and master control originate at Upper Ground Floor of the Worldwide Corporate Center, Shaw Boulevard corner Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Mandaluyong.

The channel ceased broadcasting on August 22, 2014, and was replaced by 9TV.

9TV
9TV was a Philippine free-to-air television network. Owned and operated by Nine Media Corporation (formerly Solar Television Network), which serves as the main content provider of Radio Philippines Network (RPN). It was the successor channel of the now-defunct Solar News Channel. It broadcast 18 hours daily from 6:00 AM to 12:00 MN on free TV, as well as 24 hours a day on cable and satellite TV providers, and through live streaming.

Its flagship television station was DZKB-TV channel 9 in Mega Manila and other regional originating and relay stations in the Philippines.

Most of the live programming of the network is from the main studios located at Upper Ground Floor of the Worldwide Corporate Center, Shaw Boulevard corner Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Mandaluyong with transmitter at No. 97, Panay Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Quezon City.

The channel ceased broadcasting on March 15, 2015, and was replaced by CNN Philippines on March 16, 2015.
Pristin V
Pristin V (Korean: 프리스틴 V) was a sub-group of South Korean girl group Pristin, formed by Pledis Entertainment in 2018. It was composed of five Pristin members: Nayoung, Roa, Eunwoo, Rena, and Kyulkyung, following its group disbandment, the sub-unit also announced the official disbandment.

Lim Na-young
Lim Na-young (Korean: 임나영; born December 18, 1995) is a South Korean actress, singer and rapper. She was best known for finishing tenth in Mnet's reality survival show Produce 101. She is a former member and leader of the South Korean girl groups I.O.I and Pristin.