hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jackknife resampling
In statistics, the jackknife (jackknife cross-validation) is a cross-validation technique and, therefore, a form of resampling.
It is especially useful for bias and variance estimation. The jackknife pre-dates other common resampling methods such as the bootstrap. Given a sample of size , a jackknife estimator can be built by aggregating the parameter estimates from each subsample of size  obtained by omitting one observation. 
The jackknife is a linear approximation of the bootstrap.

The jackknife technique was developed by Maurice Quenouille (1924–1973) from 1949 and refined in 1956. John Tukey expanded on the technique in 1958 and proposed the name "jackknife" because, like a physical jack-knife (a compact folding knife), it is a rough-and-ready tool that can improvise a solution for a variety of problems even though specific problems may be more efficiently solved with a purpose-designed tool.

John Tukey
John Wilder Tukey (/ˈtuːki/; June 16, 1915 – July 26, 2000) was an American mathematician and statistician, best known for the development of the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and the box plot. The Tukey range test, the Tukey lambda distribution, the Tukey test of additivity, and the Teichmüller–Tukey lemma all bear his name. He is also credited with coining the term bit and the first published use of the word software.
Green Springs Ranch
38°42′06″N 121°02′05″W﻿ / ﻿38.70167°N 121.03472°W﻿ / 38.70167; -121.03472

Green Springs Ranch is a ranch in El Dorado County, California. It lies at an elevation of 1040 feet (317 m). Formerly The Hitchcock Ranch, California, its postal zip code is 95672 Rescue, California. History of Green Springs Ranch @edcgov.us

El Dorado County, California
El Dorado County (/ˌɛl dəˈrɑːdoʊ/ ⓘ; El Dorado, Spanish for "The Golden one"), officially the County of El Dorado, is a county located in the U.S. state of California, named after the mythical city of El Dorado.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 191,185. The county seat is Placerville. The county is part of the Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located entirely in the Sierra Nevada, from the historic Gold Country in the western foothills to the High Sierra in the east. El Dorado County's population has grown as Greater Sacramento has expanded into the region. Where the county line crosses US 50 at Clarksville, the distance to Sacramento is 15 miles (24 km). In the county's high altitude eastern end at Lake Tahoe, environmental awareness and environmental protection initiatives have grown along with the population since the 1960 Winter Olympics, hosted at the former Squaw Valley Ski Resort in neighboring Placer County.
Andrzej Sapkowski
Andrzej Sapkowski (Polish: [ˈandʐɛj sapˈkɔfski]; born 21 June 1948) is a Polish fantasy writer. He is best known for his series of books The Witcher, which revolves around the eponymous monster-hunter, Geralt of Rivia. The saga has been popularized through video games, television, stage, comic books and translated into 37 languages making him the second most-translated Polish science fiction and fantasy writer after Stanisław Lem.

Described as the "Polish Tolkien", he has written multiple novels and short story collections, selling over 30 million copies worldwide. The influence of Slavic mythology is seen as a characteristic feature of many of his works. He is a five-time recipient of the Zajdel Award, Poland's most popular science fiction and fantasy prize, as well as many other awards and honors including David Gemmell Award, World Fantasy Life Achievement Award and the Gloria Artis Medal for Merit to Culture.

Janusz A. Zajdel Award
The Janusz A. Zajdel Award (Nagroda imienia Janusza A. Zajdla), often called just Zajdel,
is the annual award given by the Polish science fiction and fantasy fandom for the best stories published in the previous year. It was established in 1984.

It is the most prestigious of several Polish awards for that genre of literature.
Amisos Treasure
The Amisos treasure was discovered in 1995 in a suburb of Samsun, Turkey, when roadwork construction unearthed a tomb dating back to the Kingdom of Pontus. It is currently on display at the Archaeological and Atatürk Museum in Samsun.

The treasure could have belonged to the sixth Pontus king, Mithridates Philopator Philadelphus. The contents were: "a pure gold king's crown, 15 gold buttons, four gold bracelets with human and animal figures on it, 18 broken gold bracelets, a gold barette, two gold earrings, 10 big gold necklaces, a gold ring with a gem, 24 necklaces, 424 beads, a glass bowl, four earthenware, three kerosene lamps and an earthenware plate."

Samsun
Samsun is a city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of 1,382,376. The city is home to Ondokuz Mayıs University, several hospitals, three large shopping malls, Samsunspor football club, an opera house and a large and modern manufacturing district. The city is best known as the place where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.
Pechey–Maclagan Road
The roads that join the towns of Dalby, Toowoomba and Cooyar form a triangle that encloses some of the most fertile land on the Darling Downs in Queensland, Australia. These roads are the Warrego Highway, New England Highway and Dalby–Cooyar Road. Pechey–Maclagan Road forms a large part of a group of roads that bisect the triangle from east to west, and is also part of one of the groups of roads that bisect from south to north.

Pechey–Maclagan Road is a continuous 65.3 kilometres (40.6 mi) road route in the Toowoomba region of Queensland. It is a state-controlled district road (number 418), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). The east-west section of this road is part of the shortest route from Crows Nest to Dalby.

Dalby–Cooyar Road
The roads that join the towns of Dalby, Oakey and Cooyar form a triangle that encloses some of the most fertile land on the Darling Downs in Queensland, Australia. These roads are the Warrego Highway, Oakey–Cooyar Road and Dalby–Cooyar Road. Several of the more significant internal roads intersect with Dalby–Cooyar Road, and these are briefly described in this article, along with some significant external roads.

Dalby–Cooyar Road is a continuous 58.0 kilometres (36.0 mi) road route in the Western Downs and Toowoomba regions of Queensland. It is a regional road (number 416). It is part of the shortest route from the Sunshine Coast and Caboolture to Dalby.
Toucan
Toucans (/ˈtuːkæn/, UK: /-kən/) are Neotropical birds in the family Ramphastidae. They are most closely related to the Toucan barbets. They are brightly marked and have large, often colorful bills. The family includes five genera and over 40 different species.

Toucans are arboreal and typically lay two to four white eggs in their nests. They make their nests in tree hollows and holes excavated by other animals such as woodpeckers—the toucan bill has very limited use as an excavation tool. When the eggs hatch, the young emerge completely naked, without any down. Toucans are resident breeders and do not migrate. Toucans are usually found in pairs or small flocks. They sometimes fence with their bills and wrestle, which scientists hypothesize they do to establish dominance hierarchies. In Africa and Asia, hornbills occupy the toucans' ecological niche, an example of convergent evolution.

Semnornis
The toucan-barbets are small birds in the genus Semnornis. The genus was often included in the paraphyletic barbets, but recently is usually classified into a distinct family, Semnornithidae; alternatively, all barbets might be moved to the toucan family Ramphastidae as a subfamily, Semnornithinae. Toucan-barbets comprise only two species: the toucan barbet (S. ramphastinus) and the prong-billed barbet (S. frantzii).
Korea State
Korea State, currently spelt as Koriya, was a Rajput princely state in the Empire of India. After Indian independence in 1947, the ruler of Korea acceded to the Union of India on 1 January 1948, and Koriya was made part of Surguja District of Central Provinces and Berar province. In January 1950, "Central Provinces and Berar" province was renamed Madhya Pradesh state. After November 2000, Korea and the former princely state of Changbhakar became Koriya district of Chhattisgarh state.

Korea had an area of 1,631 square miles (4,220 km2) and a population of 126,874 as of 1941.

Surguja State
Surguja State was one of the main princely states of Central India during the period of the British Raj, even though it was not entitled to any gun salute. Formerly, it was placed under the Central India Agency, but in 1905 it was transferred to the Eastern States Agency.

The state spread over a vast mountainous area inhabited by many different people groups such as the Gond, Bhumij, Oraon, Panika, Korwa, Bhuiya, Kharwar, Munda, Chero, Rajwar, Nagesia and Santal. Its former territory lies in the present-day state of Chhattisgarh and its capital was the town of Ambikapur, now the capital of Surguja district.
Reid L. Neilson
Reid Larkin Neilson is the assistant academic vice president (AAVP) for religious scholarly publications at Brigham Young University (BYU). He was the Assistant Church Historian and Recorder for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2015 to 2019, and the managing director of the church's history department from 2010 to 2019.

Richard Bushman
Richard Lyman Bushman (born June 20, 1931) is an American historian and Gouverneur Morris Professor Emeritus of History at Columbia University, having previously taught at Brigham Young University, Harvard University, Boston University, and the University of Delaware. Bushman is the author of Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling, a biography of Joseph Smith, progenitor of the Latter Day Saint movement. Bushman also was an editor for the Joseph Smith Papers Project and now serves on the national advisory board. Bushman has been called "one of the most important scholars of American religious history" of the late-20th century. In 2012, a $3-million donation to the University of Virginia established the Richard Lyman Bushman Chair of Mormon Studies in his honor.
GAM-67 Crossbow
The GAM-67 Crossbow was a turbojet-powered anti-radar missile built by Northrop's Ventura Division, the successor to the Radioplane Company who developed the Crossbow's predecessor, the Q-1 target drone. The Crossbow was intended to be carried by and launched from strategic bombers of the United States Air Force (USAF); The program was cancelled in 1957. The WS-121B Longbow was a larger and faster follow-on missile but was also ultimately cancelled in the late 1960s or early 1970s.

Radioplane Q-1
The Radioplane Q-1 was an American target drone, developed in the early 1950s for the United States Air Force by the Radioplane Company. Originally powered by a pulsejet engine, then later developed as an improved turbojet-powered aircraft, the Q-1 failed to win the favor of the USAF. However, the aircraft provided the basis of the GAM-67 Crossbow anti-radar missile.
Not by Choice
Not by Choice was a Canadian punk rock band from Ajax, Ontario.  The band released two albums, Maybe One Day in 2002 (Linus Records/Warner Music Canada), and Secondhand Opinions (Maple Music Recordings/Universal Music Canada) in 2004.

Maybe One Day
Maybe One Day is the debut album of Canadian punk rock band Not by Choice, released on September 3, 2002. Standing All Alone and Now That You Are Leaving were the two singles released from this album. The album debuted at #47 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album won the CASBY Award for "Favourite New Indie Release".
Assemblies of the cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 10 Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are each governed by directly elected parliaments called assemblies. Each assembly is elected by at-large party-list proportional representation with open lists every four years at the same time as federal and entity elections.

Sarajevo Canton Assembly
The Sarajevo Canton Assembly (Bosnian: Skupština Kantona Sarajevo) is the legislative body of the Sarajevo Canton, one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, within Bosnia and Herzegovina. The assembly is unicameral, and its number of members, 35, is determined in relation to the national structure of the population of the Sarajevo Canton.
South End Rowing Club
South End Rowing Club is an athletic club and social club in San Francisco, California.

The South End Rowing Club, founded in 1873, is one of the oldest athletics clubs in the western United States. The boathouse, with a fleet of 30 boats, is located in San Francisco, California, near Fisherman's Wharf, adjacent to the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park. The club supports participation in rowing, swimming, handball, and running.

San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park
The San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park is located in San Francisco, California, United States. The park includes a fleet of historic vessels, a visitor center, a maritime museum, and a library/research facility. Formerly referred to as the San Francisco Maritime Museum, the collections were acquired by the National Park Service in 1978. The San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park was authorized in 1988; the maritime museum is among the park's many cultural resources. The park also incorporates the Aquatic Park Historic District, bounded by Van Ness Avenue, Polk Street, and Hyde Street.
Gopalkrishna Gandhi
Gopalkrishna Devadas Gandhi (born 22 April 1945) is a former administrator and diplomat who served as the 22nd Governor of West Bengal from 2004 to 2009. He is the grandson of Mahatma Gandhi and C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji). As a former IAS officer he served as Secretary to the President of India and as High Commissioner to South Africa and Sri Lanka, among other administrative and diplomatic posts. He was the United Progressive Alliance nominee for Vice President of India in the 2017 vice-presidential elections and lost with 244 votes against NDA candidate Venkaiah Naidu, who got 516 votes.

Devdas Gandhi
Devdas Mohandas Gandhi (22 May 1900 – 3 August 1957) was the fourth and youngest son of Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi. He was born in the Colony of Natal and came to India with his parents as a grown man. He became active in his father's movement, spending many terms in jail. He also became a prominent journalist, serving as editor of Hindustan Times. He was also the first pracharak of the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (DBHPS), established by Mohandas Gandhi in Tamil Nadu in 1918. The purpose of the Sabha was to propagate Hindi in southern India.
Real tree
In mathematics, real trees (also called -trees) are a class of metric spaces generalising simplicial trees. They arise naturally in many mathematical contexts, in particular geometric group theory and probability theory. They are also the simplest examples of Gromov hyperbolic spaces.

Hyperbolic metric space
In mathematics, a hyperbolic metric space is a metric space satisfying certain metric relations (depending quantitatively on a nonnegative real number δ) between points. The definition, introduced by Mikhael Gromov, generalizes the metric properties of classical hyperbolic geometry and of trees. Hyperbolicity is a large-scale property, and is very useful to the study of certain infinite groups called Gromov-hyperbolic groups.
FK Sobrance-Sobranecko
FK Sobrance-Sobranecko (formerly known as FK Veľké Revištie) is a Slovak association football club located in Sobrance. It currently plays in 4. Liga East.

The club was founded after the merge between TJ Veľké Revištia and MFK Sobrance. The club currently acts as a feeder club for Slovak First Football League club MFK Zemplín Michalovce.

Sobrance-Sobranecko is coached by Jozef Kročko, who used to play for the club in the 2003/04 season.

MFK Zemplín Michalovce
MFK Zemplín Michalovce (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈzempliːm ˈmixalɔwtse]) is a Slovak professional football team based in the town of Michalovce, that competes in the Slovak First Football League, the top tier in the Slovak league system, from 2015–16.
Hartley Jackson
Hartley Jackson (born 17 April 1980) is an Australian professional wrestler who primarily works as a freelancer for various Japanese promotions, including New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a member of TMDK and is one-third of the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champions alongside stablemates Zack Sabre Jr. and Ryohei Oiwa in their first reign as a team and first individually for Jackson.

After working on the independent circuit in his native Australia, followed by a short stint in the United States, Jackson has spent the majority of his career in Japan. He has wrestled for the likes of Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Zero1), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Ganbare Pro-Wrestling, Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), Gleat and Active Advance Pro Wrestling (2APW). Between 2018 and 2019, he served as an official coach and producer for the NXT brand at the WWE Performance Center, before returning to Japan to wrestle for Zero1 in 2020.

Ryohei Oiwa
Ryohei Oiwa (大岩 陵平, Ōiwa Ryōhei; born November 7, 1998) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a member of the TMDK stable and is where former one-times NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champions alongside stablemates Zack Sabre Jr. and Hartley Jackson as a team and first for Oiwa individually. He also makes appearances for Pro Wrestling Noah.
2024 Cook County, Illinois, elections
The Cook County, Illinois, general election were held on November 5, 2024. Elections were held for Clerk of the Circuit Court, State's Attorney, Board of Commissioners district 1, Cook County Board of Review district 1, four seats on the Water Reclamation District Board, and judgeships on the Circuit Court of Cook County.

Primary elections, held using the open primary system, took place on March 19, 2024.

Cook County State's Attorney
The Cook County State's Attorney is the chief prosecutor for Cook County, Illinois. The State's Attorney oversees the second-largest prosecutor's office in the United States, with over 600 attorneys and 1,200 employees. The office's responsibilities include directing Illinois criminal prosecutions in the county, filing legal actions to enforce child support orders, consumer protection, and assistance for victims of domestic violence.

The State's Attorney is elected for a term of four years. The current incumbent is Eileen O'Neill Burke, who was first elected in 2024.
Mancos, Colorado
Mancos is a statutory town in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 1,196 at the 2020 census, down from 1,336 in 2010.

The town is in southwestern Colorado, at the base of Mesa Verde National Park, and holds the trademark for "Gateway to Mesa Verde". Surrounded by rangeland and mountains, Mancos offers a variety of outdoor recreational activities. The town was founded in 1894, near the site where early Spanish explorers first crossed the Mancos River. It is the commercial center for east Montezuma County, and was considered at one time as a county seat. It is served by U.S. Highway 160 and State Highway 184.

U.S. Route 160
U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a 1,465-mile-long (2,358 km) east–west United States Numbered Highway in the Midwestern and Western United States. The western terminus of the route is at US 89 five miles (8.0 km) west of Tuba City, Arizona. The eastern terminus is at US 67 and Missouri 158 southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Its route, if not its number, was made famous in song in 1975, as the road from Wolf Creek Pass to Pagosa Springs, Colorado in C.W. McCall's country music song "Wolf Creek Pass".
Dry cleaning
Dry cleaning is any cleaning process for clothing and textiles using a solvent other than water. Clothes are instead soaked in a water-free liquid organic solvent (usually non-polar, as opposed to water which is a polar solvent) typically inside a specialised dry-cleaning machine. The most commonly used solvent is Perchloroethylene (known as "PCE" or "perc" for short), although other solvents such as hydrocarbon mixtures and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are also used. Historical solvents include carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, trichlorotrifluoroethane, trichloroethane and n-propyl bromide.

Most natural fibers can be washed in water but some synthetics (e.g., rayon) react poorly with water and should be dry cleaned if possible. If not, this could result in changes in texture, colour, strength, and shape. Additionally, certain specialty fabrics, including silk, acetate and rayon, may also benefit from dry cleaning to prevent damage.

Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene or under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, and abbreviations such as perc (or PERC), and PCE, is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. It is a volatile, non-flammable, stable, colorless and dense liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and as a metal degreasing solvent, formerly as an oral anthelmintic. It has a mildly sweet, sharp odor, detectable by most people at a concentration of 50 ppm.

Because of its wide usage, tetrachloroethylene has been extensively assessed as a potential hazard, resulting in government publications about its potential for neurotoxicity and carcinogenesis from chronic or repeated exposure. Improper disposal has caused groundwater pollution.
Netherlands men's national squash team
The Netherlands men's national squash team represents the Netherlands in international squash team competitions, and is governed by Dutch Squash Federation.

The Netherlands' best result at the World Squash Team Open since 1981 has been reaching the quarter-finals in 2007.

Dutch Squash Federation
Dutch Squash Federation ("Squash Bond Nederland" in Dutch) is the national organisation for squash in the Netherlands. The organisation was founded in 1938 and is a member of the European Squash Federation and the World Squash Federation.

Around 7,000 players are affiliated with the organisation.
Manuel Gómez Pereira
Manuel Gómez Pereira (born 8 December 1958 in Madrid) is a Spanish screenwriter and film director of comedies. His 1999 film Between Your Legs was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.

He is the nephew of the film director  Luis Sanz, his brother.

Between Your Legs
Between Your Legs (Spanish: Entre las piernas) is a 1999 Spanish drama film directed by Manuel Gómez Pereira which stars Victoria Abril, Javier Bardem and Carmelo Gómez. The story involves a Madrid screenwriter, whose life is being ruined by unauthorised circulation of his sexual fantasies on tape, and a police detective's wife who snatches quick moments with strange men. It was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.