hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Li Zitong
Li Zitong (died 622 CE) was an agrarian leader who claimed the title of emperor in the aftermaths of the death of Emperor Yang of Sui at the hands of the general Yuwen Huaji in 618.  After Yuwen vacated the city of Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), the region was in a state of confusion and, in 619, Li captured Jiangdu and declared a new state of Wu.  In 620, he was defeated by the Tang dynasty general Li Fuwei and he headed south, defeating another rebel leader, Shen Faxing King of Liang and seizing Shen's territory (roughly, modern Zhejiang).  In 621, however, Li Fuwei attacked him again and forced his surrender. He was taken to the Tang capital at Chang'an but was spared by Emperor Gaozu.  In 622, believing that he could try to re-establish his state, he fled from Chang'an. He was captured and executed.

Shen Faxing
Shen Faxing (died AD 620) was an official of the Chinese Sui dynasty who, after Emperor Yang was killed in a coup led by the general Yuwen Huaji in 618, seized the area of present-day Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu and declared himself the king of Liang (梁王).  He was defeated by Li Zitong (Emperor of Wu) in 620 and, believing that he was doomed, committed suicide by jumping into a river.
Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway
The Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway or Omaha Road (reporting mark CMO) was a railroad in the U.S. states of Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and South Dakota. It was incorporated in 1880 as a consolidation of the Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis Railway and the North Wisconsin Railway. The Chicago and North Western Railway (C&NW) gained control in 1882. The C&NW leased the Omaha Road in 1957 and merged the company into itself in 1972.

Today, portions of the C. St. P. M. and O. are part of the Union Pacific Railroad network, including  main lines from Wyeville, Wisconsin, to St. Paul, Minnesota, and St. Paul to Sioux City, Iowa.

North Wisconsin Railway
The North Wisconsin Railway was incorporated by the State of Wisconsin in 1871 to build a railroad from Lake St. Croix to Lake Superior.  This route was built from Hudson, Wisconsin to Superior, Wisconsin.  The route went through Spooner, Wisconsin, where the route from Chippewa Falls joined at what was then called Chicago Junction.

The North Wisconsin Railway was merged along with Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis Railway to become the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway in 1881. That became part of the Chicago and North Western Railway, which was bought by the Union Pacific.

This route has been abandoned from Hudson to Spooner. The Wisconsin Great Northern Railroad operates seasonal tourist trains on this line to Trego, Wisconsin.
Thom Bell
Thomas Randolph Bell (January 26, 1943 – December 22, 2022) was an American record producer, arranger, and songwriter known as one of the creators of Philadelphia soul in the 1970s. Hailed as one of the most prolific R&B songwriters and producers ever, Bell found success crafting songs for the Delfonics, the Stylistics, and the Spinners. In June 2006, Bell was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2016, Bell was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. In 2025, Bell was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the Musical Excellence Award category.

The Delfonics
The Delfonics were an American R&B/soul vocal group from Philadelphia. The Delfonics were most popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Their most notable hits include "La-La (Means I Love You)", "Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)", "Break Your Promise", "I'm Sorry", and "Ready or Not Here I Come (Can't Hide from Love)". Their hit songs were primarily written by lead vocalist and founding member William "Poogie" Hart, and arranger and producer Thom Bell. Wilbert Hart is the last surviving founding member.

Their songs have been used in film soundtracks, including Quentin Tarantino's 1997 movie Jackie Brown, in which "La-La (Means I Love You)" and "Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)" underscore the pivotal relationship between the characters played by Pam Grier and Robert Forster. Their songs "Ready or Not Here I Come (Can't Hide from Love)" and "Funny Feeling" were used in the video game Grand Theft Auto V on the fictional radio station The Lowdown 91.1.
Pelgrane Press
Pelgrane Press Ltd is a British role-playing game publishing company based in London and founded in 1999. It is co-owned by Simon J Rogers and Cat Tobin. It currently produces GUMSHOE System RPGs, 13th Age, the Diana Jones award-winning Hillfolk RPG, The Dying Earth Roleplaying Game, and other related products. It publishes fiction under the Stone Skin Press imprint.

13th Age
13th Age is a d20 fantasy role-playing game designed by Rob Heinsoo (lead designer of Dungeons & Dragons 4th Edition) and Jonathan Tweet (lead designer of D&D 3rd Edition), and published by Pelgrane Press. 13th Age has been well supported with over 25 supplements published since its 2013 release, the most recent in 2022.
Alex Wagner Tonight
Alex Wagner Tonight is an American liberal news and opinion television program that was televised by MSNBC. Hosted by Alex Wagner, it premiered on August 16, 2022, and aired on Tuesdays through Fridays as a substitute for The Rachel Maddow Show (which, since May 2022, has only aired on Monday nights).

In February 2025, after having been placed on a hiatus since January 17, 2025, in favor of Maddow to cover the first hundred days of the second Trump administration, Alex Wagner Tonight was cancelled by MSNBC and replaced by The Briefing with Jen Psaki.

The Rachel Maddow Show
The Rachel Maddow Show (also abbreviated TRMS) is an American news discussion program broadcast on MS NOW (formerly MSNBC), in the 9:00 pm ET time slot Monday evenings. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained a public profile via her frequent appearances as a progressive pundit on programs aired by MSNBC. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008.
Falling-block action
A  falling-block action (also known as a sliding-block or dropping-block action) is a single-shot firearm action in which a solid metal breechblock slides vertically in grooves cut into the breech of the weapon and is actuated by a lever.

Breechblock
A breechblock (or breech block) is the part of the firearm action that closes the breech of a breech loading weapon (whether small arms or artillery) before or at the moment of firing. It seals the breech and contains the pressure generated by the ignited propellant. Retracting the breechblock allows the chamber to be loaded with a cartridge.

Breechblocks are categorised by the type or design of the mechanism by which it is locked or closed for firing. The firearm action more fully refers to the mechanism by which the operator actuates the opening and closing of the breech.
Accor
Accor S.A. (French pronunciation: [akɔʁ]) is a French multinational hospitality company which owns, manages and franchises hotels, resorts and vacation properties. It is the largest hospitality company in Europe, and the sixth largest hospitality company worldwide.

Accor operates 5,700 locations in over 110 countries. Its total capacity is approximately 850,000 rooms (end 2025). It owns and operates more than 40 hospitality brands: Luxury (Orient Express, Raffles, Fairmont, Sofitel), premium (Pullman, Swissôtel), midscale (Novotel,  Mercure, Adagio), and economy (ibis, hotelF1). Accor also owns companies specialized in digital hospitality and event organization, such as onefinestay, D-Edge, ResDiary, John Paul, Potel & Chabot and Wojo.

The company is headquartered in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, and is a constituent of the CAC Next 20 index on the Paris stock exchange.

Ibis (hotel)
Ibis (stylised as ibis) is a French brand of budget hotels owned by Accor. Created in 1974, Ibis became Accor's "economy megabrand" in 2011 with the rebranding of Ibis Styles and Ibis Budget from All Seasons and Etap Hôtel respectively. As of December 2019, there were 1,218 hotels under the Ibis brand (excluding Styles and Budget hotels), with 159,180 rooms in total across 70 countries.
DZMB
DZMB (90.7 FM), broadcasting as 90.7 Love Radio, is a radio station owned and operated by MBC Media Group through its licensee Cebu Broadcasting Company. It serves as the flagship station of the Love Radio Network. The station's studio is located on the Second Floor, MMG Building, Star City, V. Sotto St., CCP Complex, Roxas Boulevard, Pasay. Its transmitter is located at the BSA Twin Towers, Bank Drive, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong, sharing the same site with sister stations 96.3 Easy Rock and 101.1 Yes FM.

DWRK
DWRK (96.3 FM), broadcasting as 96.3 Easy Rock, is a radio station owned and operated by MBC Media Group. It serves as the flagship station of Easy Rock Network. The station's studio is located at the First floor, MMG Building, Star City, V. Sotto St., CCP Complex, Roxas Boulevard, Pasay, and its transmitter facilities are located at the BSA Twin Towers, Bank Drive, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong, sharing the same site with sister stations 90.7 Love Radio and 101.1 Yes! FM.
Fukamushicha
Fukamushi (深蒸し) or fukamushicha (Japanese: 深蒸し茶, lit. 'deep-steamed tea') is a type of Japanese sencha which has been deeply steamed (meaning its raw leaves undergo a relatively long steaming process of 1 to 3 minutes). This process results in tea with a fine powdery texture, a dark green infusion, and a rich flavor. It is usually brewed with water between 70 and 90 degrees Celsius, and for roughly 30 seconds.

Sencha
Sencha (煎茶; lit. 'infused tea') is a type of Japanese green tea (緑茶, ryokucha) which is prepared by infusing the processed whole tea leaves in hot water. This is as opposed to matcha (抹茶), powdered Japanese green tea, where the green tea powder is mixed with hot water and therefore the leaf itself is included in the beverage. Sencha is the most popular tea in Japan.
La Moneda Palace
Palacio de La Moneda (Spanish: [paˈlasjo ðe la moˈneða], Palace of the Mint), or simply La Moneda, is the seat of the president of the Republic of Chile. It also houses the offices of three cabinet ministers: Interior, General Secretariat of the Presidency, and General Secretariat of the Government. Located in downtown Santiago, it occupies an entire block in the Civic District, bordered by Moneda street to the north, Morandé street to the east, Alameda del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins to the south, and Teatinos street to the west.

Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.
Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.

Uruguay River
The Uruguay River (Spanish: Río Uruguay [ˈri.o wɾuˈɣwaj]; Portuguese: Rio Uruguai [ˈʁi.u uɾuˈɡwaj]) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of the Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano and Colonia in Uruguay.
Ernst Heinkel
Dr. Ernst Heinkel (24 January 1888 – 30 January 1958) was a German aircraft designer, manufacturer, Wehrwirtschaftsführer in Nazi Germany, and member of the Nazi Party. His company Heinkel Flugzeugwerke produced the Heinkel He 178, the world's first turbojet-powered aircraft, and the Heinkel He 176, the first rocket aircraft.

Heinkel
Heinkel Flugzeugwerke (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪŋkəl ˈfluːktsɔʏkˌvɛʁkə]) was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight, with the pioneering examples of a successful liquid-fueled rocket and a turbojet-powered aircraft in aviation history, with both Heinkel designs' first flights occurring shortly before the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Till Death Do Us Part (McDaniel novel)
Till Death Do Us Part is a young adult novel by Lurlene McDaniel, published in July 1997. It is about a romance between two young people with serious medical conditions. The sequel, also published in 1997, is called For Better, For Worse, Forever.

For Better, For Worse, Forever
For Better, For Worse, Forever is a young adult novel by Lurlene McDaniel, published in August 1997. It continues the story of April Lancaster, which began in the novel Till Death Do Us Part. The novel begins at the close of the previous story as April is crowned the winner of a beauty pageant for young women with chronic medical conditions.
2025 Ligas Departamentales del Perú
The 2025 Ligas Departamentales, the fifth division of Peruvian football , were played by variable number 25 teams by Departament. The champions and runners-up of each department qualified for the national stage of the 2025 Copa Perú.

2025 Copa Perú
The 2025 Peru Cup season (Spanish: Copa Perú 2025), the largest amateur tournament of Peruvian football. The District Stage (Spanish: Ligas Distritales) started in February - March, and the National Stage (Spanish: Etapa Nacional) started in September.

Unión Minas were crowned champions of the 2025 Copa Perú after defeating ANBA Perú in a penalty shootout in the final played at Hugo Sotil Yerén Stadium in Villa El Salvador.
Geometric stable distribution
A geometric stable distribution or geo-stable distribution is a type of leptokurtic probability distribution. These distributions are analogues for stable distributions for the case when the number of summands is random, independent of the distribution of summand, and having geometric distribution. The geometric stable distribution may be symmetric or asymmetric. A symmetric geometric stable distribution is also referred to as a Linnik distribution. The Laplace distribution and asymmetric Laplace distribution are special cases of the geometric stable distribution. The Mittag-Leffler distribution is also a special case of a geometric stable distribution.

The geometric stable distribution has applications in finance theory.

Mittag-Leffler distribution
The Mittag-Leffler distributions are two families of probability distributions on the half-line . They are parametrized by a real  or . Both are defined with the Mittag-Leffler function, named after Gösta Mittag-Leffler.
Paul Ricœur
Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur (/rɪˈkɜːr/; French: [ʁikœʁ]; 27 February 1913 – 20 May 2005) was a French philosopher best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutics. As such, his thought is within the same tradition as other major hermeneutic phenomenologists, Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Gabriel Marcel. In 2000, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for having "revolutionized the methods of hermeneutic phenomenology, expanding the study of textual interpretation to include the broad yet concrete domains of mythology, biblical exegesis, psychoanalysis, theory of metaphor, and narrative theory."

Gabriel Marcel
Gabriel Honoré Marcel (7 December 1889 – 8 October 1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist. The author of over a dozen books and at least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society. Though often regarded as the first French existentialist, he dissociated himself from figures such as Jean-Paul Sartre, preferring the term philosophy of existence or neo-Socrateanism to define his own thought. The Mystery of Being is a well-known two-volume work authored by Marcel.
Giovanni Antonio Guadagni
Giovanni Antonio Guadagni, OCD (14 September 1674 – 15 January 1759), religious name Giovanni Antonio di San Bernardo – was an Italian Discalced Carmelite and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. His rise in the ranks became rapid after his maternal uncle became Pope Clement XII. He was soon after made a cardinal and served in various positions within the Roman Curia.

His beatification cause opened soon after his death but remained stalled until its resumption in 1940. The cause has since stalled once more.

Pope Clement XII
Pope Clement XII (Latin: Clemens XII; Italian: Clemente XII; 7 April 1652 – 6 February 1740), born Lorenzo Corsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1730 to his death in February 1740.

Clement presided over the growth of a surplus in the papal finances. He thus became known for building the new façade of the Basilica of Saint John Lateran, beginning construction of the Trevi Fountain, and the purchase of Cardinal Alessandro Albani's collection of antiquities for the papal gallery. In his 1738 bull In eminenti apostolatus, he provides the first public papal condemnation of Freemasonry.
Hyperphantasia
Hyperphantasia is the condition of having extremely vivid mental imagery. It is the opposite condition to aphantasia, where mental visual imagery is not present. The experience of hyperphantasia is more common than aphantasia and has been described as being "as vivid as real seeing". Hyperphantasia constitutes all five senses within vivid mental imagery, although literature on the subject is dominated by "visual" mental imagery research, with a lack of research on the other four senses.

Research into hyperphantasia is most commonly completed by self-report questionnaires, such as the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), developed by David Marks in 1973, which evaluates the vividness of an individual's mental imagery out of a score of 80. Individuals scoring from 75 to 80 are deemed hyperphantasics and are estimated to constitute around 2.5% of the population.

Aphantasia
Aphantasia (/ˌeɪfænˈteɪʒə/ ⓘ AY-fan-TAY-zhə, /ˌæfænˈteɪʒə/ AF-an-TAY-zhə) is the inability to voluntarily visualize mental images.

The phenomenon was first described by Francis Galton in 1880, but it has remained relatively unstudied. Interest in the phenomenon was renewed after the publication of a study in 2015 by a team led by the neurologist Adam Zeman of the University of Exeter. Zeman's team coined the term aphantasia, derived from the ancient Greek word phantasia (φαντασία), which means 'appearance/image', and the prefix a- (ἀ-), which means 'without'. People with aphantasia are called aphantasics, or less commonly aphants or  aphantasiacs.

Aphantasia can be considered the opposite of hyperphantasia, the condition of having extremely vivid mental imagery.
YPbPr
YPbPr or , also written as YPBPR, is a color space used in video electronics, in particular in reference to component video cables. Like YCBCR, it is based on gamma corrected RGB primaries; the two are numerically equivalent but YPBPR is designed for use in analog systems while YCBCR is intended for digital video. The EOTF (gamma correction) may be different from common sRGB EOTF and BT.1886 EOTF. Sync is carried on the Y channel and is a bi-level sync signal, but in HD formats a tri-level sync is used and is typically carried on all channels.

YPBPR is commonly referred to as component video by manufacturers; however, there are many types of component video, most of which are some form of RGB. Some video cards come with video-in video-out (VIVO) ports for connecting to component video devices.

YCbCr
YCbCr, Y′CbCr, also written as YCBCR or Y′CBCR, is a family of color spaces used as a part of the color image pipeline in digital video and photography systems. Like YPBPR, it is based on RGB primaries; the two are generally equivalent, but YCBCR is intended for digital video, while YPBPR is designed for use in analog systems.

Y′ is the luma component, and CB and CR are the blue-difference and red-difference chroma components. Luma Y′ (with prime) is distinguished from luminance Y, meaning that light intensity is nonlinearly encoded based on gamma corrected RGB primaries.

Y′CbCr color spaces are defined by a mathematical coordinate transformation from an associated RGB primaries and white point. If the underlying RGB color space is absolute, the Y′CbCr color space is an absolute color space as well; conversely, if the RGB space is ill-defined, so is Y′CbCr. The transformation is defined in equations 32, 33 in ITU-T H.273.
A421 road
The A421 is an important road for east/west journeys across south central England.  Together with the A428, the A43 and A34, it forms the route from Cambridge through Milton Keynes to Oxford.  The section between the A1 (near St Neots) and the A5 (in Milton Keynes) is a national primary route.

A34 road
The A34 is a major road in England.  It runs from the A33 and M3 at Winchester in Hampshire, to the A6 and A6042 in Salford, close to Manchester City Centre. It forms a large part of the major trunk route from Southampton, via Oxford, to Birmingham, The Potteries and Manchester. For most of its length (together with the A5011 and parts of the A50, and A49), it forms part of the former Winchester–Preston Trunk Road. Improvements to the section of road forming the Newbury Bypass around Newbury were the scene of significant direct action environmental protests in the 1990s. It is 151 miles (243 km) long.
Tommy Shelby
Thomas Michael Shelby OBE DCM MM is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the British period crime drama Peaky Blinders. He is played by Irish actor Cillian Murphy, who has won two Irish Film & Television Awards and two National Television Awards for his portrayal of Shelby. The character has received critical acclaim.

Director Steven Knight cast Cillian Murphy for the role of Tommy Shelby. The character is introduced as a First World War veteran from a family with Romani ancestry, whose criminal enterprise is centred in Birmingham. The narrative begins in 1919, and largely revolves around Shelby's romance with Grace Burgess and his conflict with Inspector Campbell. As the series progresses, Shelby's relationship with mob boss Alfie Solomons is a key element in many of the storylines.

Alfie Solomons
Alfred "Alfie" Solomons is a fictionalized character in the British period crime drama television series Peaky Blinders, created by Steven Knight and portrayed by Tom Hardy. Based loosely on a London gangster born in the late 1880s, he is the leader of a Jewish gang based in Camden Town and was introduced in Series 2.