hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Okulovsky District
Okulovsky District (Russian: Оку́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Lyubytinsky District in the northeast, Borovichsky District in the east, Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Valdaysky District in the southwest, Krestetsky District in the west, and with Malovishersky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,500 square kilometers (970 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Okulovka. Population: 25,808 (2010 census); 31,153 (2002 Census); 36,852 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Okulovka accounts for 48.3% of the district's total population.

Borovichsky District
Borovichsky District (Russian: Боровичский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Khvoyninsky District in the north, Moshenskoy District in the east, Udomelsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast in the south, Okulovsky District in the west, and with Lyubytinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,100 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Borovichi (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 15,675 (2010 Census); 19,085 (2002 Census); 21,648 (1989 Soviet census).
Fourth Air Army (Japan)
The Fourth Air Army (Japanese: 第4航空軍, Hepburn: Kōkū gun) was a land-based aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army. Formed in Rabaul in June 1943, consisting of the 6th and 7th Air Divisions (Hiko Shidan). The air army was responsible for covering the Solomon Islands, Dutch New Guinea and the Territories of Papua and New Guinea areas of operations. The headquarters was at Rabaul. Disestablished in January 1945.

7th Air Division (Japan)
The 7th Air Division (第七飛行師団, Dai 7 Hikō Shidan) was a land-based aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army. The division was formed on 29 January 1943 in the Netherlands East Indies as part of the Eighth Area Army. It was incorporated into the Fourth Air Army based at Rabaul on 28 July 1943.

The division moved its headquarters to Wewak in June 1943. The division was disbanded 24 July 1945.
Scania Citywide
The Scania Citywide is a series of integrally-constructed low-floor and low-entry buses manufactured by Scania from 2011 to 2024 as the successor to the Scania OmniCity and OmniLink. It consists of two models: the Citywide LF is built on the Scania N-series chassis, whereas the Citywide LE rides on the Scania K-series chassis. These were exclusively available in mainland Europe, except in the UK and Ireland, where Scania chose to rely on Alexander Dennis, Irizar and other local bodywork manufacturers instead. The series shares some front styling details with the Touring coach, while most of the design is a simple facelift from its prior models.

The Scania Citywide was assembled at Scania's plant in Słupsk, Poland as part of Scania's complete range of buses (alongside the flagship Touring and the inter-capacity alternative Interlink). Production of the Citywide will cease alongside the Interlink and Low-Floor chassis as part of a restructuring of the Scania Bus division in 2024.

Scania OmniLink
The Scania OmniLink is a series of integrally constructed rear longitudinal-engined low-entry city buses available on the European market. It is a complete integral product built by Scania of Sweden.

The OmniLink was launched in 1998 with an inclined engine and was designated CL94UB, and an articulated version was designated CL94UA. But when the Euro IV version was introduced in 2006, the engine was no longer tilted and the designation changed to CK230UB/CK270UB/CK280UB/CK310UB/CK320UB for the rigid version. The OmniLink's floor raises at the rear section when compared to the flat-floored OmniCity.

Production of the OmniLink ceased in 2013. It was superseded by the Scania Citywide LE for left-hand drive markets and Irizar i3-bodied Scania K UBs for right-hand drive markets.
System crash screen
In computing, a system crash screen, error screen or screen of death is a visual indicator that appears when an operating system, software application, or hardware encounters a severe issue that prevents normal operation. These screens typically serve as a last-resort mechanism to inform users and system administrators of a critical failure. An error screen may display technical information such as error messages, diagnostic codes, memory dumps, or troubleshooting instructions. They can occur due to hardware malfunctions, corrupted system files, software crashes, overheating, or other critical failures. Error screens vary by operating system and device, with some of the most well-known examples being the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) in Windows, the Sad Mac in classic Macintosh computers, and the Kernel Panic in Unix-based systems like Linux and macOS. Game consoles may also have notable crash screens, such as the PlayStation 2 and the Nintendo Wii.

Blue screen of death
The blue screen of death (BSoD) –  or blue screen error, blue screen, fatal error, bugcheck, and officially known as a stop error – is a critical error screen displayed by many iterations of Microsoft Windows operating systems. It is used to indicate a system crash, in which the operating system reaches a critical condition where it can no longer operate safely. Its name comes from the blue colored background used predominately on the error screens found in the majority of Windows releases, which was changed to black starting with Windows 11 version 24H2.

Possible issues contributing to a BSoD may include hardware failures, an issue with or without a device driver, viruses, malware, and other factors such as intentional user action.
Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Dynasty IV lasted from c. 2613 to c. 2498 BC. It was a time of peace and prosperity as well as one during which trade with other countries is officially documented.

The Fourth Dynasty heralded the height of the pyramid-building age. The peaceful rule of the Third Dynasty allowed artistic expressions to flourish. Building experiments done by King Sneferu led to the evolution of mastaba tombs into the smooth-sided pyramids like those seen on the Giza Plateau. According to some historians, no other period in Egyptian history equaled the accomplishments achieved during the Fourth Dynasty.

Third Dynasty of Egypt
The Third Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty III) is the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Other dynasties of the Old Kingdom include the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth. The capital during the period of the Old Kingdom was at Memphis.
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (Adolphus Frederick; 24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850) was the tenth child and seventh son of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge from 1801 until his death.  From 1816 to 1837, he served as Viceroy of the Kingdom of Hanover on behalf of his elder brothers King George IV and King William IV.

Adolphus married Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel in 1818, with whom he had three children: Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, Princess Augusta of Cambridge and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge. He was the maternal grandfather of Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, later Queen Mary, who became consort to King George V.

Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa; 25 July 1797 – 6 April 1889) was the wife of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the tenth-born child, and seventh son, of George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The longest-lived daughter-in-law of George III, she was the maternal grandmother of Mary of Teck, wife of George V.
Arterial roads in Oman
Arterial roads in Oman are important roads which connect cities and national roads together. They form the second highest category in the Omani route numbering system and are designated with route numbers beginning with "A", from A1 to A13

The arterial road system was established on December 18, 2019 by the Ministry of Transport (now the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Information Technology), through the Road Numbering and Classification Guide. The guide outlined thirteen arterial roads detailing their official classification, names, start and end point and distances.

National roads in Oman
National roads in Oman are highly important roads which connect major cities. They form the highest category in the Omani route numbering system and are designated with route numbers beginning with "N", from N1 to N10.

The national road system was established on December 18th, 2019 by the Ministry of Transport (now the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Information Technology), through the Road Numbering and Classification Guide. The guide outlined ten national roads detailing their official classification, names, start and end point and distances.
Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman
Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman (26 June 1926 – 3 November 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician, government minister, and one of the founding leaders of Bangladesh. While serving as the Home Minister to Mujibnagar Government, Qamaruzzaman was murdered along with Syed Nazrul Islam, Muhammad Mansur Ali, and Tajuddin Ahmed in the jail killings in Dhaka Central Jail on 3 November 1975 by a group of army officers on the instruction of President Mostaq.

Muhammad Mansur Ali
Muhammad Mansur Ali (16 January 1917 – 3 November 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician who was a close confidant of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding leader of Bangladesh. A senior leader of the Awami League, Mansur also served briefly as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh in 1975 until he was assassinated while incarcerated on 3 November 1975.
Scout Association of Ireland
The Scout Association of Ireland (SAI; Irish: Cumann Gasógaíochta na hÉireann) was an Irish multi-denominational Scout association from 1908 until 2004, when it merged with the former Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland to form Scouting Ireland. It was named "Scouting Ireland (SAI)" in the years leading up to the merger. The SAI was formed soon after the publication of Scouting for Boys and was affiliated to the British Boy Scout Association, which meant its members were mainly unionist and hence Protestant in background. After the 1920s partition of Ireland, the SAI remained organised in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland
The Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland (CBSI; Irish: Gasóga Caitliceacha na hÉireann) was an Irish Catholic Scouting organisation active from 1927 until 2004, when it formed Scouting Ireland by merging with the former Scout Association of Ireland (SAI), a non-denominational Scout organisation. The CBSI changed its name to "Catholic Scouts of Ireland" (CSI) when it admitted girls and to "Scouting Ireland (CSI)"  in the run-up to the foundation of Scouting Ireland. It was active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
HMCS Raccoon
HMCS Raccoon was an armed yacht that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II. Purchased by the Royal Canadian Navy in 1940, the ship was originally known as the yacht Halonia. Used as a patrol vessel and convoy escort, the ship was sunk by the German submarine U-165 in the St. Lawrence River on 7 September 1942. Raccoon was escorting Convoy QS-33 at the time. The entire ship's crew was lost.

German submarine U-165 (1941)
German submarine U-165 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. The keel for this boat was laid down on 30 August 1940 at the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Bremen yard as yard number 704. She was launched on 15 August 1941 and commissioned on 3 February 1942 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Eberhard Hoffmann.

The U-boat's service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 September 1942 for operations. She sank two ships, totalling 8,396 gross register tons (GRT), one auxiliary warship of 358 GRT and damaged three others, for 14,499 GRT. She also damaged one auxiliary warship (7,252 GRT).

An RAF aircraft with a Czechoslovak crew sank her on 27 September 1942.
Recipe Unlimited
Recipe Unlimited Corporation is a Canadian company that operates several restaurant chains such as Swiss Chalet, Harvey's and The Keg, and food distribution for large operations.

The company was originated in 1883 as Canada Railway News Company that sold newspapers, magazines and confectioneries before moving to the restaurant business. The present company dates to 1961, as Canada Railway News Co. merged with Aero Caterers Limited, founded in 1941 as an airline catering service, to form Cara Operations Limited and the company went public in 1968. The company adopted its present name in May 2018 and its headquarters are in Vaughan, Ontario, a suburb north of Toronto within the Greater Toronto Area.

Harvey's
Harvey's is a fast food restaurant chain operating in Canada, with locations in every province except British Columbia. It serves hamburgers, poutine, hot dogs, french fries, onion rings, and other traditional Canadian fast-food fare. The chain is owned by Recipe Unlimited (previously known as Cara Operations).

Opened in 1959, the company is one of Canada's longest-standing Canadian owned and operated restaurants. It is known for its grilled burgers and for providing customers with a choice of various toppings.
Richie Beirach
Richard Alan Beirach (/ˈbaɪræk/; May 23, 1947 – January 26, 2026) was an American jazz pianist and composer. He made hundreds of recordings, in the 1970s as an early artist of ECM playing albums including Eon, Leaving, and Hubris, in a duo with saxophone player David Liebman including Forgotten Fantasies, and in many other formations. He taught jazz piano at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig from 2001 to 2014.

Dave Liebman
David Liebman (born September 4, 1946) is an American saxophonist, flautist, bandleader, composer, and jazz educator. Best known for his work on soprano saxophone, he toured and recorded with Miles Davis during the trumpeter’s electric period, appearing on On The Corner. He has appeared on more than 500 recordings, including about 200 as a leader or co-leader, and was named a NEA Jazz Master in 2011. He founded and serves as artistic director of the International Association of Schools of Jazz (IASJ).
Nikko Hotels
Nikko Hotels International (ニッコー・ホテルズ・インターナショナル, Nikkō Hoteruzu Intānashonaru) is an international hotel chain comprising Hotel Nikko (ホテル日航, Hoteru Nikkō) properties in Asia, Europe, North America, and the South Pacific. It is owned by Okura Nikko Hotel Management, a joint venture between Okura Hotels and Japan Airlines.

Okura Nikko Hotel Management
Okura Nikko Hotel Management Co., Ltd. (formerly JAL Hotels Company Ltd.) is a Japanese-owned global hotel management firm, majority owned by Hotel Okura Co., Ltd. since 2010. The hotel firm's managed properties are marketed under the Okura Hotels & Resorts and Hotel JAL City and Nikko Hotels International groups. From its time as a subsidiary of Japan Airlines (JAL), its headquarters have been located in the JAL Building in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. In 2010, Japan Airlines sold majority ownership of JAL Hotels to the Hotel Okura, which is now the primary shareholder.
Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria
Princess Anne of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Dowager Duchess of Calabria (Anne Marguerite Brigitte Marie; born 4 December 1938), born Princess Anne  of Orléans, is the widow of Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria. She is the third daughter and fifth child of Henri, Count of Paris, Orléanist claimant to the defunct French throne, and his wife Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza.

Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
Don Carlos María Alfonso Marcelo de Borbón-Dos Sicilias y Borbón-Parma, Infante of Spain, Duke of Calabria (16 January 1938 – 5 October 2015) was, at his death, the last male infante of Spain during the reigns of his cousins King Juan Carlos I and King Felipe VI.

Additionally, he was also one of two claimants to the headship of the dynasty which ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies prior to its incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, in which capacity he was also the Grand Master of one of the three branches of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George.
Freedom Park (Atlanta, Georgia)
Freedom Park is one of the largest city parks in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The park forms a cross shape with the axes crossing at the Carter Center. The park stretches west-east from Parkway Drive, just west of Boulevard, to the intersection with the north-south BeltLine Eastside Trail, to Candler Park, and north-south from Ponce de Leon Avenue to the Inman Park/Reynoldstown MARTA station.

Freedom Parkway, rededicated John Lewis Freedom Parkway in 2018 in honor of local U.S. Congressman and civil rights icon John Lewis, is a four-lane limited-access road. It is the westernmost portion of Georgia State Route 10 (SR 10). It travels through the park west-to-east from the Downtown Connector to the Carter Center, where the main road turns north towards Ponce de Leon Avenue, with a branch continuing east towards Moreland Avenue.

Georgia State Route 10
State Route 10 (SR 10) is a 172.3-mile-long (277.3 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels from Downtown Atlanta to the South Carolina state line in Augusta. This highway, along with U.S. Route 78 (US 78), connect three of the biggest metro areas of the state together: Atlanta, Athens, and Augusta. It travels concurrently with US 78 in three sections: from Atlanta to Druid Hills; from near Stone Mountain to near Athens; and from Athens to its eastern terminus, for a total of 149.2 miles (240.1 km), or approximately 86.6 percent of its route.
RIM-24 Tartar
The General Dynamics RIM-24 Tartar was a medium-range naval surface-to-air missile (SAM), among the earliest SAMs to equip United States Navy ships. The Tartar was the third of the so-called "3 Ts", the three primary SAMs the Navy fielded in the 1960s and 1970s, the others being the RIM-2 Terrier and RIM-8 Talos.

RIM-2 Terrier
The Convair RIM-2 Terrier was a two-stage medium-range naval surface-to-air missile (SAM), among the earliest SAMs to equip United States Navy ships. It underwent significant upgrades while in service, starting with beam-riding guidance with a 10-nautical-mile (19 km) range at a speed of Mach 1.8 and ending as a semi-active radar homing (SARH) system with a range of 40 nmi (74 km) at speeds as high as Mach 3. It was replaced in service by the RIM-67 Standard ER (SM-1ER).

Terrier has also been used as the base stage for a family of sounding rockets, beginning with the Terrier Malemute.
Seymour H. Knox II
Seymour Horace Knox II (September 1, 1898 – September 27, 1990) was a Buffalo, New York, philanthropist and polo player. The son of wealthy businessman Seymour H. Knox, he owned a palatial home designed by C. P. H. Gilbert.

Seymour H. Knox I
Seymour Horace Knox I (April 11, 1861 – May 17, 1915), was a businessman from Buffalo, New York, who made his fortune in five-and-dime stores. He merged his more than 100 stores with those of his first cousins, Frank Winfield Woolworth and Charles Sumner Woolworth, to form the F. W. Woolworth Company. He went on to hold prominent positions in the merged company as well as Marine Trust Co. He was the father of Seymour H. Knox II and grandfather of Seymour H. Knox III and Northrup Knox, the co-founders of the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League.
Tonto Apache
The Tonto Apache (Western Apache: Dilzhę́’é, Dilzhe'e, and Dilzhe’eh Apache) is a band of Western Apache people in Arizona.

The term "Tonto" is also used for their dialect, one of the three dialects of the Western Apache language, a member of Southern Athabaskan language family.

Today, Tonto Apache people are enrolled in several federally recognized tribes in Arizona. These include:

Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation

San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation.

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona
The Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona is a federally recognized tribe of Tonto Apache, a band of Western Apache. The tribe governs the Tonto Apache Reservation located in northwestern Gila County, Arizona.

They speak the Tonto Apache dialect of the Western Apache language, a member of Southern Athabaskan language family. Other Tonto Apache are enrolled in the Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, and other Western Apache are enrolled in the San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation and the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation.
Ted Lewin
Theodore Peter Lewin (May 6, 1935 – July 28, 2021) known as Ted Lewin, was an American illustrator and writer of children's books. Lewin illustrated more than 200 books for children and young adults, including the 1994 Caldecott Medal winner, Peppe the Lamplighter by Elisa Bartone. Many of Lewin's books were collaborations with his wife, Betsy Lewin, and drew from their exotic travels to places including the Amazon River, Botswana, Egypt, Lapland, the Sahara Desert, and India.

Betsy Lewin
Betsy Reilly Lewin (born May 12, 1937) is an American illustrator from Clearfield, Pennsylvania. She studied illustration at Pratt Institute. After graduation, she began designing greeting cards. She began writing and illustrating stories for children's magazines and eventually children's books. She is married to children's book illustrator Ted Lewin and with him has co-written and illustrated several books about their travels to remote places, including Uganda in Gorilla Walk and Mongolia in Horse Song, as well as How to Babysit a Leopard: and Other True Stories from Our Travels Across Six Continents (Roaring Brook Press, 2015). She is arguably best known for the Caldecott Honor Book Click Clack Moo: Cows that Type.
Takeda Katsuyori
Takeda Katsuyori (武田 勝頼; 1546 – 11 March 1582) was a Japanese daimyō (military lord) of the Sengoku period, who was famed as the head of the Takeda clan and the successor to the legendary warlord Takeda Shingen. He was son-in-law of Hojo Ujiyasu, daimyō of Hojo clan.

Takeda Shingen
Takeda Shingen (武田 信玄; December 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was a Japanese samurai who was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku period. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyo of the late Sengoku period, despite being based in a poor area with little arable land and no access to the sea.
C-command
In generative grammar and related frameworks, a node in a parse tree c-commands its sister node and all of its sister's descendants. In these frameworks, c-command plays a central role in defining and constraining operations such as syntactic movement, binding, and scope. Tanya Reinhart introduced c-command in 1976 as a key component of her theory of anaphora. The term is short for "constituent command".

Binding (linguistics)
In linguistics, binding is the phenomenon in which anaphoric elements such as pronouns are grammatically associated with their  antecedents. For instance, in the English sentence "Mary saw herself", the anaphor "herself" is bound by its antecedent "Mary". Binding can be licensed or blocked in certain contexts or syntactic configurations, e.g. the pronoun "her" cannot be bound by "Mary" in the English sentence "Mary saw her". While all languages have binding, restrictions on it vary even among closely related languages. Binding has been a major area of research in syntax and semantics since the 1970s and, as the name implies, is a core component of government and binding theory.