hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Narragansett Dawn
The Narragansett Dawn was a monthly newspaper that discussed the history, culture and language of the Narragansett tribe. It was produced in 1935 and 1936, with a total of seventeen issues. Princess Red Wing and Ernest Hazard were the paper's founders and editors. Both were Narragansett tribal members.

The newspaper came about because of the Narragansett people's need to retain their history and cultural identity in the wake of the Indian Reorganization Act. In many of the paper's editorials, Princess Red Wing invokes the Narragansett people's pride, often in reply to claims against their ancestry and purity during their detribalization by the state of Rhode Island in the 1880s.

Narragansett people
The Narragansett people are an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. Today, Narragansett people are enrolled in the federally recognized Narragansett Indian Tribe, headquartered in Rhode Island. Their Narragansett language belongs to the Algonquian language family.

The tribe was nearly landless for most of the 20th century but acquired land in 1991 and petitioned the Department of the Interior to take the land into trust on their behalf. This would have made the newly acquired land officially recognized as part of the Narragansett Indian reservation, taking it out from under Rhode Island's legal authority. In 2009, the United States Supreme Court ruled against the request in their lawsuit Carcieri v. Salazar, declaring that tribes which had achieved federal recognition since the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act did not have standing to have newly acquired lands taken into federal trust and removed from state control.
Abu'l-Hasan Mostawfi Ghaffari
Abu'l-Hasan Mostawfi Ghaffari (Persian: ابوالحسن مستوفی غفاری) was an 18th-century Iranian painter and historian from the Ghaffari family of Kashan. Besides several European-style paintings, he is also known to be the author of the Golshan-e Morad, a book covering the history of the Zand dynasty.

Ghaffari family
The Ghaffari family (Persian: خاندان غفاری) is an Iranian family of artists, jurists and bureaucrats from Kashan.

Notable members include:

Abu'l-Hasan Mostawfi Ghaffari (died c. 1797/98)

Khorshid Khanum Ghaffari (fl. 1834/1835)

Farrokh Khan (1812–1871)

Mirza Hashem Khan Ghaffari (died 1877)

Abu'l-Hasan Sani al-Mulk (1814–1866)

Abu Torab Ghaffari (died 1890)

Yahya Ghaffari (died between 1894–1905)

Kamal-ol-molk (1848–1940)

Mohammad-Ebrahim Khan Ghaffari (1859/60 – November/December 1918)
ICE Advertisements
iCE Advertisements (or more commonly and accurately simply "iCE") is a digital art group founded in Canada by Many Axe (later Frozen Tormentor) in 1991. Although the expanded title is rarely ever used, iCE is an acronym for Insane Creators Enterprise. iCE, along with ACiD Productions, was one of the most prominent and critically successful groups on the underground computer artscene.

ACiD Productions
ACiD Productions (ACiD) is a digital art group. Founded in 1990, the group originally specialized in ANSI artwork for bulletin board systems (BBS). More recently, they have extended their reach into other graphical media and computer software development. During the BBS-era, their biggest competitor was iCE Advertisements.
Liverpool Playhouse
The Liverpool Playhouse is a theatre in Williamson Square in the city of Liverpool, England. It originated in 1866 as a music hall, and in 1911 developed into a repertory theatre.  As such it nurtured the early careers of many actors and actresses, some of whom went on to achieve national and international reputations. Architectural changes have been made to the building over the years, the latest being in 1968 when a modern-style extension was added to the north of the theatre.  In 1999 a trust was formed, joining the management of the Playhouse with that of the Everyman Theatre.

Everyman Theatre, Liverpool
The Everyman Theatre stands at the north end of Hope Street in Liverpool, Merseyside, England.  It was founded in 1964, in Hope Hall (once a chapel, then a cinema), in an area of Liverpool noted for its bohemian environment and political edge, and quickly built a reputation for ground-breaking work. The Everyman was completely rebuilt between 2011 and 2014.
El Lute II: Tomorrow I'll be Free
El Lute II: Tomorrow I'll be Free (Spanish: El Lute II: mañana seré libre) is a 1988 Spanish film written and directed by Vicente Aranda, based on the memoirs of Eleuterio Sánchez, “El Lute”, a delinquent who became notorious in Spain for his jail escapes in the 60's. It stars Imanol Arias, Angel Pardo and Jorge Sanz. The film continues the story of El Lute: camina o revienta.

El Lute: Run for Your Life
El Lute: Run for Your Life (Spanish: El Lute: camina o revienta) is a 1987 Spanish film written and directed by Vicente Aranda, based on the memoirs of  Eleuterio Sánchez, "El Lute", a young convicted murderer who became legendary in Spain for his jail escape in the 1960s. It stars Imanol Arias and Victoria Abril. The film was a hit in Spain and made a big star of his leading actor.  It was nominated to four Goya Awards (Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor and Best Actress).

The film portrays the early criminal years of El Lute, and was adapted from his first volume of memoirs, published in 1977 while he was still in prison. The second film, El Lute II: mañana sere libre, continues his story and was based on his second volume of memoirs, published in 1979. Sánchez was paroled in 1981.
Vilna Governorate-General
Vilna Governorate-General (Russian: Виленское генерал-губернаторство, Lithuanian: Vilniaus generalgubernatorija), known as Lithuania Governorate-General (Russian: Литовское генерал-губернаторство, Lithuanian: Lietuvos generalgubernatorija) before 1830, was a Governorate-General of the Russian Empire from 1794 to 1912. It primarily encompassed the Vilna, Grodno, and Kovno Governorates. Governors General were also commanders of the Vilna Military District. According to the Russian Empire Census, the Governorate-General had 4,754,000 residents in 1897.

Vilna Governorate
The Vilna Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire that existed from 1795 to 1918. Established after the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it encompassed territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and was one of the administrative divisions created by the Russian Empire to replace the institutions of the dissolved Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In 1897, the governorate covered an area of 41,907.9 square kilometres (16,180.7 mi2) and had a population of 1,591,207 inhabitants. It bordered the following governorates: Minsk to the south, Grodno to the southwest, Suwałki to the west, Kovno and Courland to the north, and Vitebsk to the east. Its capital, Vilnius, also served as the seat of the Vilna Governorate-General, which existed until 1912.
Nicolae Costin
Nicolae Costin (7 April 1936  – 16 February 1995) was a Moldovan politician and one of the leaders of the national emancipation movement from Moldavian SSR. He was a professor, executive chairman of the Popular Front of Moldova, deputy in the first elected Parliament (1990-1994) of the Republic of Moldova, co-author of the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova (27 August 1991), president of the Municipal Council and Mayor of the municipality Chişinău (1990-1994).

Mayor of Chișinău
The Mayor of Chișinău, officially the General Mayor of the Municipality of Chișinău (Romanian: Primar general al municipiul Chișinău), is the head of the executive branch of Chișinău's government and a member of the city's Municipal Council.
Hearst, Ontario
Hearst is a town in Cochrane District, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Mattawishkwia River in Northern Ontario, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) west of Kapuskasing, approximately 520 kilometres (320 mi) east of Thunder Bay along Highway 11. At Hearst, Highway 583 extends northward to Lac-Sainte-Thérèse and southward to Jogues, Coppell and Mead.

Hearst is well-known for its prevalent French-Ontarian culture. Over 84% of the town's residents speak French as their mother language, the highest proportion in Ontario, and the dialect of French in Hearst is particularly known for being nearly indistinguishable from the French spoken in Quebec.

Kapuskasing
Kapuskasing (/ˌkæpəsˈkeɪsɪŋ/ KAP-əss-KAY-sing) is a town on the Kapuskasing River in the Cochrane District of Northern Ontario, Canada, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) east of Hearst and 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Timmins. The town was known as MacPherson until 1917.
2022 Barcelona Formula 2 round
The 2022 Barcelona Formula 2 round was a motor racing event held between 20 and 22 May 2022 at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya. It was the fourth round of the 2022 Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2022 Spanish Grand Prix.

2022 Spanish Grand Prix
The 2022 Spanish Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Pirelli Gran Premio de España 2022) was a Formula One motor race held on 22 May 2022 at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain. It was the 62nd edition of the Spanish Grand Prix and the sixth round of the 2022 Formula One World Championship.

Max Verstappen won the race ahead of teammate Sergio Pérez, while George Russell completed the podium. Charles Leclerc, the pole-sitter and championship leader, was forced to retire due to engine issues. Leclerc's teammate Carlos Sainz Jr. recovered from 11th, after suffering a spin, to finish fourth, ahead of Lewis Hamilton, who also made a come back from 19th, after suffering a puncture at the start.
22 Kalliope
22 Kalliope (/kəˈlaɪ.əpi/; kə-LY-ə-pee) is a large M-type asteroid from the asteroid belt discovered by J. R. Hind on 16 November 1852. It is named after Calliope, the Greek Muse of epic poetry. It is orbited by a small moon named Linus.

M-type asteroid
M-type (metallic-type, aka M-class) asteroids are a spectral class of asteroids which appear to contain higher concentrations of metal phases (e.g. iron-nickel) than other asteroid classes, and are widely thought to be the source of iron meteorites.
Eleanor Campbell, Duchess of Argyll
Eleanor Mary Campbell, Duchess of Argyll DStJ (née Cadbury; born 26 January 1973), is a British noblewoman, and Prior of the Order of St John's Priory of Scotland. A member of the Cadbury family, she is the wife of the 13th Duke of Argyll.

Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll
Torquhil Ian Campbell, 13th and 6th Duke of Argyll (born 29 May 1968), styled as Earl of Campbell before 1973 and as Marquess of Lorne between 1973 and 2001, is a Scottish peer.

The family's main seat is Inveraray Castle, although the Duke and Duchess spend time at other residences, including one in London.
Channel Definition Format
Channel Definition Format (CDF) was an XML file format formerly used in conjunction with Microsoft's Active Channel, Active Desktop and Smart Offline Favorites technologies. The format was designed to "offer frequently updated collections of information, or channels, from any web server for automatic delivery to compatible receiver programs." Active Channel allowed users to subscribe to channels and have scheduled updates delivered to their desktop. Smart Offline Favorites, like channels, enabled users to view webpages from the cache.

Active Channel
Active Channel was a technology introduced by Internet Explorer 4.0 in 1997. It allowed synchronizing website content and viewing it offline. It made use of the Channel Definition Format, which was designed to "offer frequently updated collections of information, or channels, from any web server for automatic delivery to compatible receiver programs."
Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8
The  microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGCR8 gene. In other animals, particularly the common model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, the protein is known as Pasha (partner of Drosha). It is a required component of the RNA interference pathway.

Drosha
Drosha is a Class 2 ribonuclease III enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DROSHA (formerly RNASEN) gene. It is the primary nuclease that executes the initiation step of miRNA processing in the nucleus. It works closely with DGCR8 and in correlation with Dicer. It has been found significant in clinical knowledge for cancer prognosis. and HIV-1 replication.
Brother Lustig
"Brother Lustig" (Bruder Lustig) KHM 81 is a lengthy German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm and published in the first edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Grimm's Fairy Tales) in 1812. It contains elements of Aarne–Thompson type 785: Who Ate the Lamb's Heart?; type 753A: The Unsuccessful Resuscitation; type 330B: The Devil in the Sack; and type 330: Entering Heaven by a Trick.

Grimms' Fairy Tales
Grimms' Fairy Tales (German: Grimms Märchen), originally known as the Children's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen, pronounced [ˌkɪndɐ ʔʊnt ˈhaʊsmɛːɐ̯çən], commonly abbreviated as KHM), is a German collection of fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, first published on 20 December 1812. Vol. 1 of the first edition contained 86 stories, which were followed by 70 more tales, numbered consecutively, in the 1st edition, Vol. 2, in 1815. By the seventh edition in 1857, the corpus of tales had expanded to 200 tales and 10 "Children's Legends". It is considered the seminal work of Western children's literature and is listed by UNESCO in its Memory of the World Register.
Tracked Hovercraft
Tracked Hovercraft was an experimental high-speed train developed in the United Kingdom during the 1960s. It combined two British inventions, the hovercraft and the linear induction motor, in an effort to produce a train system that would provide 250 mph (400 km/h) inter-city service with lowered capital costs compared to other high-speed solutions. Substantially similar to the French Aérotrain and other hovertrain systems of the 1960s, Tracked Hovercraft suffered a fate similar to those of the other projects when it was cancelled as a part of wide budget cuts in 1973.

Aérotrain
The Aérotrain (French: [aeʁotʁɛ̃]) was an experimental Tracked Air Cushion Vehicle
(TACV), or hovertrain, developed in France from 1965 to 1977 under the engineering leadership of Jean Bertin (1917–1975) – and intended to bring the French rail network to the cutting edge of land-based public transport.

Though similar to a maglev design, which levitates a train car over a complex electromagnetic track to eliminate all resistance other than aerodynamic drag, the Aérotrain – also a "train without wheels" – rode on an air cushion over a simple reinforced concrete track or guideway and could travel at the speed of a maglev train, without the further technical complexity and expense of its track. In many respects, the entire concept resembled a product of the aircraft rather than rail industry.
Federico Chiaramonte
Federico Chiaramonte (c. 1310s — 1363) was a Sicilian nobleman of the Chiaramonte family and the fifth Count of Modica. He inherited the county in 1357 on the death without issue of his nephew Simone, the fourth count. During his brief tenure he was active in the turbulent politics of the mid-14th century, participating in the conflicts of 1356–61 alongside other members of the Latin faction of the Sicilian baronage. He died around 1363/64 and was succeeded by his son Matteo.

Chiaramonte
The Chiaramonte were among the most powerful noble families in medieval Sicily, with their influence peaking during the baronial regency of the "Four Vicars" (1377–1392). They left a lasting mark on the island’s political and built landscape—most visibly in the Palazzo Chiaramonte-Steri in Palermo and the spread of Chiaramontan Gothic architecture—through landmarks that survive across Sicily today.
Galen Strawson
Galen John Strawson (/ˈstrɔːsən/; born 1952) is a British analytic philosopher and literary critic who works primarily on philosophy of mind, metaphysics (including free will, panpsychism, the mind–body problem, and the self), John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche. He has been a consultant editor at The Times Literary Supplement for many years, and a regular book reviewer for The Observer, The Sunday Times, The Independent, the Financial Times and The Guardian. He is the son of philosopher P. F. Strawson. He holds a chair in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Texas, Austin, and taught for many years before that at the University of Reading, City University of New York, and Oxford University.

P. F. Strawson
Sir Peter Frederick Strawson FBA (/ˈstrɔːsən/; 23 November 1919 – 13 February 2006) was an English philosopher who spent most of his career at the University of Oxford.  He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at Magdalen College, Oxford from 1968 to 1987. He had previously held the positions of college lecturer and tutorial fellow at University College, Oxford, a college he returned to upon his retirement in 1987, and which provided him with rooms until his death.

Paul Snowdon and Anil Gomes, in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, comment that Strawson "exerted a considerable influence on philosophy, both during his lifetime and, indeed, since his death."
Back Benchers
Back Benchers (Class ka Pehla Din) is an Indian celebrity quiz show hosted by film producer and director, Farah Khan. The show debuted on Flipkart Video in October 2019, featuring Anil Kapoor and Shilpa Shetty as the first guests of the show.

Flipkart
Flipkart Inc. is an Indian e-commerce company, headquartered in Bengaluru, and incorporated in Singapore as a private limited company. The company initially focused on online book sales before expanding into other product categories such as consumer electronics, fashion, home essentials, groceries, and lifestyle products. In 2025, the company shifted domicile from Singapore to India.

The service competes primarily with Amazon India and domestic rival Snapdeal. As of FY23, Flipkart held a 48% market share in the Indian e-commerce industry. Flipkart has a dominant position in the apparel segment, bolstered by its acquisition of Myntra, and was described as being "neck and neck" with Amazon in the sale of electronics and mobile phones.
Chess24
chess24.com was an Internet chess server in English and ten other languages, established in 2014 by German grandmaster Jan Gustafsson and Enrique Guzman. Chess24 also provided live coverage of major international chess tournaments, and hosted their own online tournaments, including the Magnus Carlsen Invitational.

In March 2019, chess24 merged with Magnus Carlsen's company Play Magnus AS in a transaction that made the former chess24 owners the largest shareholders in Play Magnus. In 2022, Play Magnus was purchased by Chess.com, which made Chess.com the owner of chess24.

In December 2023, the chess24 team announced that they would be closing their site and apps by the end of January 2024.
The website officially closed down on January 31, 2024, and its address began redirecting to the Chess.com news page and later its events page.

Chess.com
Chess.com is an internet chess server. The largest chess platform in the world, the site operates on a freemium model in which some features are available for free, and others are available via subscription. Users can play live online chess against other users in daily, rapid, blitz, or bullet time controls, with a number of chess variants available. Additionally, the platform offers play against chess engines, computer analysis, chess puzzles, and teaching resources.

Chess.com reached 200 million users in early 2025, and had about 11 million daily active users as of April 2023. Chess.com has hosted online tournaments, including Titled Tuesdays, the PRO Chess League, the Speed Chess Championships, PogChamps, Online Chess Olympiads, and computer vs computer events.
Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.

Rocket (weapon)
In military terminology, a rocket is a self-propelled, unguided or guided, weapon-system powered by a rocket engine. Though used primarily as medium- and long-range artillery systems, historically rockets have also seen considerable use as air-to-surface weapons, some use as air-to-air weapons, and even (in a few cases) as surface-to-air devices. Examples of modern surface-to-surface rocket systems include the Soviet BM-27 Uragan and the American M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System.

In military parlance, a rocket differs from a missile primarily by lacking an active guidance system; early missiles became known as "guided rockets" or "guided missiles". Some rockets were developed as unguided systems and later upgraded to guided versions, like the GMLRS, and these generally retain the term "rocket" instead of becoming "missiles".
Rockets or missiles that travel underwater, like the VA-111 Shkval, are known as "torpedoes", whatever their propulsion system.
Erris
Erris is a barony in northwestern County Mayo in Ireland consisting of over 230,452 acres (932.61 km2), much of which is mountainous blanket bog.  It has extensive sea coasts along its west and north boundaries. The main towns are Belmullet and Bangor Erris. The name Erris derives from the Irish 'Iar Ros' meaning 'western promontory'. The full name is the Iorrais Domnann, after the Fir Bolg tribe, the Fir Domnann. To its north is the wild Atlantic Ocean and the bays of Broadhaven and Sruth Fada Conn and to its west is Blacksod Bay. Its main promontories are the Doohoma Peninsula, Mullet Peninsula, Erris Head, the Dún Chiortáin and Dún Chaocháin peninsulas and Benwee Head.

There are five Catholic parishes in Erris: Kilcommon, Kilmore, Kiltane, Belmullet and Ballycroy.

Broadhaven Bay
Broadhaven Bay (Irish: Cnocán na Líne) is a natural bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the northwestern coast of County Mayo, Ireland. The opening of the bay faces northward, stretching 8.6 km between Erris Head in the west and Kid Island/Oileán Mionnán in the east.

It borders the parishes of Kilcommon, Kiltane and Kilmore Erris in the Barony of Erris. Landscape largely consists of Atlantic blanket bog interspersed with some areas of machair and white sandy beaches.  Population is relatively low, mainly concentrated around inlets along the coastline.
Wilsford Henge
Wilsford Henge is the site of a Neolithic henge, west of the village of Wilsford, Wiltshire in the United Kingdom (grid reference SU09305732). The site was discovered from cropmarks in aerial photographs. The monument lies within the Vale of Pewsey, a short distance south of the large henge known as Marden Henge.

Marden Henge
Marden Henge (also known as Hatfield Earthworks) is the largest Neolithic henge enclosure discovered to date in the United Kingdom. The monument is north-east of the village of Marden, Wiltshire, within the Vale of Pewsey and between the World Heritage Sites of Avebury and Stonehenge.