hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2026 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
The 2026 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup will be the 16th edition of the Men's FIH Hockey World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national field hockey teams organized by the International Hockey Federation. It will be held from 14 to 30 August 2026 in Wavre, Belgium and Amstelveen, Netherlands.

Wavre
Wavre (French pronunciation: [wavʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Åve-el-Roman-Payis; Dutch: Waver [ˈʋaːvər] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium.

Wavre is in the Dyle valley.  Most inhabitants speak French as their mother tongue and are called "Wavriens" and "Wavriennes".

The municipality consist of the following sub-municipalities: Bierges, Limal, and Wavre proper.

Wavre is also called "the City of the Maca", referring to the statue of the small boy trying to climb the wall of the city hall.  Tradition holds that touching the Maca's buttocks brings a year of luck.
193rd Special Operations Squadron
The 193rd Special Operations Squadron (193 SOS) is a unit of the Pennsylvania Air National Guard 193rd Special Operations Wing located at Harrisburg Air National Guard Base, Middletown, Pennsylvania, The 193rd is equipped with the MC-130J Commando II.

Pennsylvania Air National Guard
The Pennsylvania Air National Guard (PA ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Pennsylvania Army National Guard an element of the Pennsylvania National Guard of the larger United States National Guard Bureau.

As commonwealth militia units, the units in the Pennsylvania Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Pennsylvania through the office of the Pennsylvania Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Pennsylvania Air National Guard is headquartered at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, and its commander is Brigadier General Michael J. Regan Jr.
Cuman language
Cuman or Kuman (also called Kipchak, Qypchaq or Polovtsian, self referred to as Tatar (tatar til) in Codex Cumanicus) was a West Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the West Kipchak branch. Cuman is documented in medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus, and in early modern manuscripts, like the notebook of Benedictine monk Johannes ex Grafing.

Codex Cumanicus
The Codex Cumanicus is a linguistic manual of the Middle Ages, designed to help Catholic missionaries communicate with the Cumans, a nomadic Turkic people. It is currently housed in the Library of St. Mark in Venice (BNM ms Lat. Z. 549 (=1597)).

The codex was created in Crimea in 14th century and is considered one of the oldest attestations of several Turkic languages including Kazakh, Kyrgyz,Tatar, Crimean Tatar, which is of great importance for the history of Kipchak and Turkic languages overall — as directly related to the Kipchaks (Polovtsy, Kumans).
Discovery Kids (India)
Discovery Kids is an Indian cable and satellite television channel operated by Warner Bros. Discovery India. The channel launched on 7 August 2012. The channel primarily airs animated shows in Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Tamil.

Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific
Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific is a division of Warner Bros. Discovery that operates several television channels in Asia and Australasia, along with the Discovery+ streaming service.

In April 2022, WarnerMedia Entertainment Networks Asia-Pacific (founded in 1989) merged with Discovery Asia-Pacific (founded in 1994) after their owners, WarnerMedia (then owned by AT&T before being spun off), merged with Discovery, Inc. It has consequently been announced that Discovery+, which is currently available in India and was available in the Philippines, would be merged with HBO Go, to form simply Max on 19 November 2024.
Philharmonie de Paris
The Philharmonie de Paris (French pronunciation: [filaʁmoni də paʁi]; English: Paris Philharmonic Hall) is a complex of concert halls in Paris, France. The buildings also house exhibition spaces and rehearsal rooms. The main buildings are all located in the Parc de la Villette at the northeastern edge of Paris in the 19th arrondissement. At the core of this set of spaces is the symphonic concert hall of 2,400 seats designed by Jean Nouvel and opened in January 2015. Its construction had been postponed for about twenty years to complete the current musical institution la Cité de la Musique designed by Christian de Portzamparc and opened in 1995.

Mainly dedicated to symphonic concerts, the Philharmonie de Paris also presents other forms of music such as jazz and world music.

19th arrondissement of Paris
The 19th arrondissement of Paris (XIXe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dix-neuvième.

The arrondissement, known as Butte-Chaumont, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. It is crossed by two canals, the Canal Saint-Denis and the Canal de l'Ourcq, which meet near the Parc de la Villette.

The 19th arrondissement, mixing the Old French bohemianism and also the Parisian cosmopolitanism, includes two public parks: the Parc des Buttes Chaumont, located on a hill, and the Parc de la Villette, which is home to the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, a museum and exhibition center; the Conservatoire de Paris, one of the most renowned music schools in Europe; the Cabaret Sauvage; and the Zénith de Paris and the Philharmonie de Paris, both part of the Cité de la Musique.
Kozova
Kozova (Ukrainian: Козова; Polish: Kozowa; Russian: Козо́ва; Yiddish: קאזעווע) is a rural settlement in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historical region of Galicia, 16 km (10 mi) east of Berezhany, some 30 km (19 mi) west of Ternopil, and 100 km (62 mi) southeast of Lviv. It hosts the administration of Kozova settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The settlement is situated beside a lake on the Koropets River (“little carp”). There is presumption that the name Kozova comes from the Ukrainian word koza (goat), though other possible sources exist. Population: 8,750 (2022 estimate).

Berezhany
Berezhany (Ukrainian: Бережани [bereˈʒɑnɪ] ⓘ; Polish: Brzeżany; Yiddish: ברעזשאַן, romanized: Brezhan) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It lies about 50 km (31 mi) from the administrative center of the oblast, Ternopil. Berezhany hosts the administration of Berezhany urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 17,139 (2022 estimate).
Michael Sullivan (stonemason)
Michael Sullivan (died March 25, 1928) was a stonemason who in the 1920s built various historical structures of fieldstone in Casa Grande. He also built a monument in the town of Sacaton, Arizona, dedicated to Pvt. Matthew B. Juan, a Native American, who was the first Arizonan to die in World War I.

Casa Grande, Arizona
Casa Grande (O'odham: Wainom Wo:g) is a city in Pinal County, approximately halfway between Phoenix and Tucson, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 53,658 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 68,927 in 2024. It is named after the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument which is actually located in Coolidge. Casa Grande is Spanish for "big house". Among resident English speakers, there is no consensus on how to pronounce the city's name. As of 2025 the population of Casa Grande is 70,156.
Harrison County, Mississippi
Harrison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, Harrison County is the second-most populous county in Mississippi with a population of 208,621; although the most recent population estimate from 2024 suggests Harrison County has overtaken Hinds County to become the state's most populous county, with a population of 213,730.  Its county seats are Biloxi and Gulfport. The county is named after U.S. President William Henry Harrison. Harrison County is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. The county was severely damaged from both Hurricane Camille on August 17, 1969, and Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, causing catastrophic effects.

Hancock County, Mississippi
Hancock County is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of Mississippi and is named for Founding Father John Hancock. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,053. Its county seat is Bay St. Louis. Hancock County is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is situated along the Gulf of Mexico and the state line with Louisiana. The area is home to the John C. Stennis Space Center, NASA's largest rocket engine test facility. The county was severely damaged from Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, which caused a huge storm surge and catastrophic damage.
Ethelbert Dudley Warfield
Ethelbert Dudley Warfield, D.D., LL.D. (March 16, 1861 – July 6, 1936) was an American professor of history and college president who served as president of Miami University, Lafayette College and Wilson College. As Miami University's youngest president, he was noted for bringing football to Miami where its first intercollegiate game was played against the University of Cincinnati in 1888.

Wilson College (Pennsylvania)
Wilson College is a private, Presbyterian-related college in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.  Founded in 1869 by two Presbyterian ministers, it was named for its first major donor, Sarah Wilson.

For 144 years, Wilson operated as a women's college. In 2013 the college's board of trustees voted to make the college coeducational beginning in the 2013–2014 academic year, with male residential students beginning in fall 2014.
Alversund Municipality
Alversund is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 59-square-kilometre (23 sq mi) municipality existed from 1885 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Alver Municipality in the traditional district of Nordhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Alversund, where Alversund Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 59.1-square-kilometre (22.8 sq mi) municipality was the 580th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Alversund Municipality was the 422nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,081. The municipality's population density was 35.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (91/sq mi) and its population had increased by 5.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Hamre Municipality
Hamre (historically, Hammer) is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 80.8-square-kilometre (31.2 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now divided between Alver Municipality and Osterøy Municipality in the traditional district of Nordhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Hamre, where Hamre Church was located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 80.8-square-kilometre (31.2 sq mi) municipality was the 545th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Hamre Municipality was the 354th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,579. The municipality's population density was 31.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (83/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 7.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Dithiol
In organic chemistry, a dithiol is a type of organosulfur compound with two thiol (−SH) functional groups. Their properties are generally similar to those of monothiols in terms of solubility, odor, and volatility.  They can be classified according to the relative location of the two thiol groups on the organic backbone.

Structure of some dithiols

Benzene-1,2-dithiol, the parent aromatic dithiol

Propane-1,3-dithiol

The drug meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid

Dimercaprol ("British anti-Lewisite"), an early antidote for arsenic poisoning

Dihydrolipoic acid, a vitamin

Dithiothreitol, a reagent in protein biochemistry

Dihydrolipoic acid
Dihydrolipoic acid is an organic compound that is the reduced form of lipoic acid. This carboxylic acid features a pair of thiol groups, and therefore is a dithiol.  It is optically active, but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant.  The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.
Battle of Guruslău
The Battle of Guruslău or Battle of Goroszló  (Hungarian: goroszlói csata) was fought on 3 August 1601, between the troops of the Habsburg monarchy led by Giorgio Basta, the Cossacks and Wallachia led by Michael the Brave on one side, and the Transylvanian troops led by Sigismund Báthory on the other side. It was part of a series of military encounters between the Ottoman Empire and opposing European states during 1591–1606 (see also The Long War).

Giorgio Basta
Giorgio Basta (Albanian: Gjergj Basta) also known as Count of Huszt or Gheorghe Basta (1550 – 1607) was an Italian general, diplomat, and writer of Arbëreshë Albanian origin, employed by the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II to command Habsburg forces in the Long War of 1593–1606. He was later sent to administer Transylvania as an Imperial vassal and to restore Catholicism as the dominant religion in the region.

On his orders, his ally Michael the Brave, who ruled Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia, was assassinated on 9 August 1601, a few days after the common victory at the Battle of Guruslău, for trying to turn against Rudolf II. For this, he is often depicted as disloyal and violent by Romanian and Hungarian historians. Basta was also the author of books on the art of military leadership.
Fernley and Lassen Railway
The Fernley and Lassen was a rail line of the Southern Pacific Railroad constructed in 1912–14 between Fernley, Nevada and Westwood, California, near Susanville, a distance of approximately 112 miles (180 km).  The railroad was constructed to connect the Red River Lumber Company's facilities in Westwood with the Southern Pacific's main line running through Fernley.  After the railroad's construction, it was heavily used by other nearby lumber companies; the Fruit Growers Supply Company maintained the longest-lived railroad connection with the Fernley & Lassen, with an active connection present between 1920 and 1953.

Fernley, Nevada
Fernley is a city in Lyon County, Nevada, United States, and part of the Reno–Tahoe–Sparks metropolitan area CSA. The city was incorporated in 2001. The population of the city was 22,895 at the 2020 census, making it the 7th most populous city in Nevada.

Fernley was home to the historic and one of the first Amazon.com centers in the world, which has since relocated within the metro area. Naval Air Station (TOPGUN), the U.S. Navy's Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center & TOPGUN training program since 1996, was moved nearby, to Fallon, from Naval Air Station Miramar. The city is home to the Reno-Fernley Raceway. The world's first Tesla Gigafactory, that produces battery packs, energy storage and electric vehicle components is nearby 15 miles west at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center, and also there as of 2024 an under-construction lithium processing plant.
Fort Prudhomme
Fort Prudhomme, or Prud'homme, was a simple stockade fortification, constructed in late February 1682 on one of the Chickasaw Bluffs of the Mississippi River in West Tennessee by Cavelier de La Salle's French canoe expedition of the Mississippi River Basin. The fortification was intended to provide shelter during the search for a member of the expedition who got lost at a stop while hunting, it was used by the expedition for only ten days. Fort Prudhomme was the first structure built by the French in Tennessee; its exact location is not known.

After de La Salle became ill during his expedition's return up the Mississippi in 1682, he was required to spend forty days at the fort until he had recuperated. Fort Prudhomme was the first structure built by the French in Tennessee.

Chickasaw Bluffs
The Chickasaw Bluff is the high ground rising about 50 to 200 feet (20–60 m) above the Mississippi River flood plain between Fulton in Lauderdale County, Tennessee and Memphis in Shelby County, Tennessee.

This elevation, shaped as four bluffs, is named for the Chickasaw people. Known in the 19th century as one of the Five Civilized Nations in the Southeast, they occupied much of this area in western Tennessee and Mississippi. By their control of the bluffs, they could impede French river traffic in the 18th century when the peoples were at war.
Xinning County
Xinning County (Chinese: 新宁县; pinyin: Xīnníng Xiàn) is a county in the Province of Hunan, China, it is under the administration of Shaoyang City. Located on the south western margin of Hunan, the county is bordered to the northeast by Shaoyang County, to the northwest by Wugang City, to the west by Chengbu Autonomous County, to the south by Ziyuan County of Guangxi, to the east by Dong'an County. Xinning County covers 2,756.13 km2 (1,064.15 sq mi), as of 2015, it had a registered population of 649,700 and a permanent resident population of 574,100. The county has eight towns and eight townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Jinshi (金石镇).

Jinshi, Xinning County
Jinshi (Chinese: 金石镇; pinyin: Jīnshí Zhèn) is a town and the seat of Xinning County in Hunan, China. The town was formed through the amalgamation of Feixianqiao Township (Chinese: 飞仙桥乡), Baisha Town (Chinese: 白沙镇) and the former Jinshi Town on December 2, 2015. It is located in the south western Xinning County, it is bordered by Langshan Town (Chinese: 崀山镇) to the south, Huanglong Town (Chinese: 黄龙镇) and Quanzhou County of Guangxi to the east, Gaoqiao Town (Chinese: 高桥镇) and Wantang Township (Chinese: 万塘乡) to the north, and Shuimiao Town (Chinese: 水庙镇) to the west.

The town has an area of 422.67 km2 (163.19 sq mi) with a population of 160,300 (as of 2015). Through the amalgamation of village-level divisions in 2016, its divisions were reduced to 55 from 85. As of 2018, it has seven residential communities, 48 villages, and 6 other areas (including parks, farms, forest area, and research institute) under its jurisdiction. Its seat is Liujiajing Community (Chinese: 刘家井社区).
Altman Z-score
The Z-score formula for predicting bankruptcy was published in 1968 by Edward I. Altman, who was, at the time, an Assistant Professor of Finance at New York University. The formula may be used to determine the probability that a firm will go into bankruptcy within two years. Z-scores are used to predict corporate defaults and an easy-to-calculate control measure for the financial distress status of companies in academic studies. The Z-score uses multiple corporate income and balance sheet values to measure the financial health of a company.

Edward Altman
Edward I. Altman (born June 5, 1941) is a Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at New York University's Stern School of Business. He is best known for the development of the Altman Z-score for predicting bankruptcy which he published in 1968. Professor Altman is a leading academic on the High-Yield and Distressed Debt markets and is the pioneer in the building of models for credit risk management and bankruptcy prediction.

Altman used to teach "Bankruptcy and Reorganization" and "Credit Risk Management" in the Risk Management Open Enrollment program for 
Stern Executive Education. He also teaches in the school's MBA programs and has been a Stern faculty member since 1967.
Richard Waldron (secretary)
Richard Waldron (February 21, 1694 – August 23, 1753) was an American politician and merchant and a major opponent of the Wentworth oligarchy in the Province of New Hampshire. He supported a continued political subordination of New Hampshire to Massachusetts and opposed moves to separation from this traditional senior partner.  Through his friendship with Massachusetts governor and kinsman Jonathan Belcher and his positions of secretary, councillor, and New Hampshire assembly speaker, for a time he was "the central authority" in colonial New Hampshire politics.

Richard Waldron (colonel)
Richard Waldron (1650 – 3 November 1730) was a military officer, politician, and business figure of the Province of New Hampshire.  He maintained the position of the Waldron family in Dover and colonial New Hampshire through intermarriage with other leading families and inheritance or purchase of many of the positions once held by his father. He was the first of his line to adopt "Waldron" as opposed to "Walderne", the spelling that his father and previous generations had used.
Emmy Klieneberger-Nobel
Emmy Klieneberger-Nobel (February 15, 1892 – September 11, 1985) was a German Jewish microbiologist and a founder of mycoplasma bacterial research. She performed most of her research at the Lister Institute in London, England, after having been expelled from Germany by the Nazis.

Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, informally known as the Lister Institute, was established as a research institute (the British Institute of Preventive Medicine) in 1891, with bacteriologist Marc Armand Ruffer as its first director, using a grant of £250,000 from Edward Cecil Guinness of the Guinness family. It had premises in Chelsea in London, Sudbury in Suffolk, and Elstree in Hertfordshire, England. It was the first medical research charity in the United Kingdom. It was renamed the Jenner Institute (after Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccine) in 1898 and then, in 1903, as the Lister Institute in honour of the great surgeon and medical pioneer, Dr Joseph Lister. In 1905, the institute became a school of the University of London.
Komet Windpump
Komet Windpump (Indonesian: Kincir Angin Komet) is a former windpump in Banjarbaru, Indonesia.  Built in 1972, it is one of the oldest landmarks in the city.  Although dismantled in 2008, the windpump was restored in late 2021 purely as a monument. As it has become a widely recognized symbol for the general public.

Banjarbaru
Banjarbaru is the capital city of South Kalimantan, one of the provinces in Indonesia. It is located 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Banjarmasin, the largest city of the province. The city had a population of 199,627 as of the 2010 Census, and 253,442 at the 2020 Census, and the official population estimate (as at mid 2024) was 285,546 (comprising 143,255 males and 142,291 females). The large town of Martapura, with 158,186 inhabitants in 2024 (in Martapura and Martapura Timur Districts), lies immediately to the north of Banjarbaru in Banjar Regency, and in effect constitutes an extension of the city. The second largest city in the province after Banjarmasin, it is also part of Banjarbakula metropolitan area.
Miraculous Medal
The Miraculous Medal (French: Médaille miraculeuse), also known as the Medal of Our Lady of Graces or the Medal of the Immaculate Conception, is a devotional medal, the design of which was originated by Catherine Labouré following her apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal of Paris, France.

The medal, a sacramental, was made by the goldsmith Adrien Vachette. According to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, sacramentals, by the Church's prayer, prepare the faithful to receive grace and dispose them to cooperate with it. The prayer asking Mother Mary to pray for us which is, "O Mary, conceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee", appears on the front of the medal.

Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal
The Chapel of Graces of the Miraculous Virgin (French: La Chapelle du Grâce de Sainte Vierge Miraculeuse) or informally the Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, is a Roman Catholic Marian shrine located in Paris, France. It is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the Marian title the Virgin of Miracles.

The venerated Marian image enshrined within  merited a decree of Pontifical coronation from Pope Leo XIII in 1897 as well as an Apostolic Visit from Pope John Paul II on 31 May 1980.