hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Structural unemployment
Structural unemployment is a form of involuntary unemployment caused by a mismatch between the skills that workers in the economy can offer, and the skills demanded of workers by employers (also known as the skills gap). Structural unemployment is often brought about by technological changes that make the job skills of many workers obsolete.

Structural unemployment is one of three categories of unemployment distinguished by economists, the others being frictional unemployment and cyclical unemployment.

Because it requires either migration or re-training, structural unemployment can be long-term and slow to fix.

Frictional unemployment
Frictional unemployment is a form of unemployment reflecting the gap between someone voluntarily leaving a job and finding another.  As such, it is sometimes called search unemployment, though it also includes gaps in employment when transferring from one job to another.

Frictional unemployment is one of the three broad categories of unemployment, the others being structural unemployment and cyclical unemployment. Causes of frictional unemployment include better job opportunities, services, salary and wages, dissatisfaction with the previous job, and strikes by trade unions and other forms of non-unionized work actions.
Georgia State Route 46
State Route 46 (SR 46) is a 98.7-mile-long (158.8 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Dodge, Laurens, Wheeler, Treutlen, Emanuel, Candler, and Bulloch counties in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Eastman area with the south-central part of Bulloch County. The highway closely parallels Interstate 16 (I-16) and serves local traffic.

Candler County, Georgia
Candler County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,981. The county seat is Metter. The county was founded in 1914 and named for Allen D. Candler, the 56th governor of Georgia.
Adolph B. Spreckels
Adolph Bernard Spreckels (January 5, 1857 – June 28, 1924) was a California businessman who ran the Spreckels Sugar Company and who donated the California Palace of the Legion of Honor art museum to the city of San Francisco in 1924. His wife, Alma, was called the "great grandmother of San Francisco". His 1912 mansion is in Pacific Heights and is San Francisco Landmark #197.

Spreckels Sugar Company
The Spreckels Sugar Company is an American sugar beet refiner that for many years was the largest beet sugar producer in the western United States. The company was incorporated in 1896 and originally headquartered in San Francisco, with its largest operation being its beet sugar refinery in the company town of Spreckels, near Salinas, California. It has operated seven more factory locations during its years of operations.

As of 2025, the company is still in business as a sugar wholesaler to the food and beverage industry and is a wholly owned division of the Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative (SMBSC). It has one remaining factory, located in the Imperial Valley town of Brawley, California, where the company is also headquartered. In 2025, SMBSC announced that they would be closing the Brawley factory during the following year and shutting down  its Spreckels Sugar division.
Capital Beltway station
Capital Beltway was a railway station in Lanham, Maryland. It was built in 1970 by the Penn Central Transportation Company in partnership with the state of Maryland, the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), and Prince George's County. The station was located on the Northeast Corridor approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Union Station in Washington, D.C. Its purpose was to provide a stop near the Capital Beltway ring-road for the new high-speed Metroliners. Amtrak used the station until 1983 when New Carrollton opened to the south.

New Carrollton station
New Carrollton station is a joint Washington Metro, MARC, and Amtrak station just outside the city limits of New Carrollton, Prince George's County, Maryland. It is the eastern terminus of the Metro Orange Line and one branch of the Silver Line. It will also be the eastern terminus of the under-construction Purple Line when it opens in 2027. The station is adjacent to the Capital Beltway.

Beneath the Metro station platform, a waiting room serves Amtrak's Northeast Regional, Vermonter, and Palmetto trains, as well as MARC's Penn Line trains. The New Carrollton Rail Yard is nearby.

Greyhound, a nationwide intercity bus company, also stops at the station on routes serving Richmond, Washington, Philadelphia, New York City, Pittsburgh, and points beyond.
Fath-Ali Khan of Quba
Fatali Khan or Fath-Ali Khan of Quba (Persian: فتحعلی‌خان قبه‌ای) (1736 – April 2, 1789) was a khan of the Quba Khanate (1758–1789) who also managed to dominate the Derbent, Baku, Talysh and Shirvan Khanates, as well as the Salyan Sultanate during much of his reign.

Shirvan Khanate
Shirvan Khanate (Persian: خانات شیروان, romanized: Khānāt-e Shirvan) or Shamakhy khanate was a Caucasian khanate under Iranian suzerainty, which controlled the Shirvan region around Shamakhy from 1761 to 1820.
Tamluk
Tamluk (Bengali pronunciation: [tɔmluk]), is a  city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world and the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present-day Tamluk is the site of the ancient city variously known as Tamralipta or Tamralipti, where Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller and Chinese Buddhist monk Fa-Hien also visited the town, is now located on the banks of Rupnarayan River, close to the Bay of Bengal.

Tamralipta Kingdom
Tamralipta or Tamralipti (Pali: Tāmaliti) was an ancient port city, located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. It was the capital of ancient Suhma and Vanga kingdom in Bengal. The Tamluk town in present-day Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, is generally identified as the site of Tamralipti.

It was located near the Rupnarayan river. It gets its name from the Sanskrit term "Tāmra", or copper, which was mined nearby at Ghatsila in the Singbhum region of the Chota Nagpur Plateau and traded through this port. During the Gupta dynasty, Tamralipta was the main emporium, serving as a point of departure for trade with Ceylon, Java, and China, as well as the west. It was linked by roads with the major cities of ancient India of that time, i.e., Rajagriha, Shravasti, Pataliputra, Varanasi, Champa, Kaushambi, and Taxila.
Hanajira
Al-Hanajira (also Arab al-Hanajira, al-Hanajra or el-Hanajreh) was one of the five principal Bedouin tribes inhabiting the Negev Desert prior to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Its territory stretched north-south between Deir al-Balah and Gaza and east to the lands of the Tarabin bedouin, straddling the Hejaz Railway line. Under the British Mandate, the territory was divided between its Gaza and Beersheba. The largest clan was Abu Middein. In the 1931 British census of Palestine, Abu Middein numbered 1,419, Nuseirat numbered 1,104, Sumeiri 772, and al-Dawahra 461, bringing the total to 3,735. By the summer of 1946 the population increased to 7,125. In 1981 the population living in the Gaza Strip was roughly 10,000.

Nuseirat refugee camp
Nuseirat Camp (Arabic: مخيّم النصيرات) is a Palestinian refugee camp located in the middle of the Gaza Strip, five kilometers north-east of Deir al-Balah. The refugee camp is in the Deir al-Balah Governorate, Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the refugee camp had a population of 31,747 and the surrounding Nuseirat municipality had a population of 54,851 in 2017. The camp was established after the 1948 Palestinian expulsion during the 1948 Palestine war.
The Arena (1974 film)
The Arena (Italian: La rivolta delle gladiatrici, lit. "The revolt of the gladiatrices"), also known as Naked Warriors, is a 1974 gladiator exploitation film directed by Steve Carver and starring Margaret Markov and Pam Grier.

Pam Grier and Margaret Markov portray female gladiators in ancient Rome, who have been enslaved and must fight for their freedom. This marks the second teaming of Grier and Markov; in 1972 they had starred together in the women in prison film Black Mama, White Mama.

Joe D'Amato, the film's cinematographer, has stated that he took over direction of the fight scenes in the film.

Black Mama White Mama
Black Mama White Mama, also known as Women in Chains (US reissue title), Hot, Hard and Mean (original 1974 UK title) and Chained Women (1977 UK reissue title), is a 1973 women in prison film directed by Eddie Romero and starring Pam Grier and Margaret Markov. The film has elements of blaxploitation.

The movie was reportedly inspired by the 1958 film The Defiant Ones. Set in an unspecified Latin American country referred to only as "the island", the movie was shot in the Philippines for budgetary purposes.
End Is Forever
End Is Forever is the third studio album by American rock band The Ataris, released on Kung-Fu Records in 2001.  The album features a mix of punk and pop punk similar to the band's previous works along with catchy pop rhythms.  It contains lyrics that span nostalgia, growing up, love, relationships, and singer Kris Roe's childhood.  End is Forever is notable for its many pop culture references and numerous lyrics that Roe describes as having "hidden meanings" encoded within.

The Ataris
The Ataris are an American punk rock band from Anderson, Indiana. Formed in 1996, they released five studio albums between 1997 and 2007. Their best-selling album is So Long, Astoria (2003), which was certified gold. Their high-charting single is their cover of Don Henley's "The Boys of Summer" from So Long, Astoria. The only constant member throughout their history has been singer/songwriter/guitarist Kristopher "Kris" Roe.

The staff of Consequence ranked the band at number 37 on their list of "The 100 Best Pop Punk Bands" in 2019. In 2025, Terry Bezer of Screen Rant stated the opinion that the band was underrated, referring to "In This Diary" as "one of the best pop-punk songs ever written."
Major League Wrestling
Major League Wrestling (MLW) is an American professional wrestling promotion based in New Rochelle, New York. The promotion was founded in 2002 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by former WWE writer Court Bauer. The promotion markets its product as "Hybrid Wrestling", with its roster featuring a mix of different wrestling styles.

The promotion originally ran live events until 2004, with these events seen on the television series, MLW Underground TV. MLW returned to promoting events in July 2017, and resumed weekly television programming with the premiere of MLW Fusion in April 2018.

MLW Fusion
MLW Fusion is an American professional wrestling streaming television program produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that premiered on April 20, 2018. Originally airing on beIN Sports USA, Fusion moved to MLW's YouTube channel in 2020; with beIN Sports now airing replays on Saturdays. From November 10, 2022, to February 2, 2023, the series would stream on Pro Wrestling TV.

A thirteen-part mini-series, titled MLW Fusion: Alpha (stylized as MLW Fusion: ALPHA), aired from September 22 to December 16, 2021. A second mini-series, MLW Azteca, aired from Thursday January 6 to February 3, 2022.
Brent Tate
Brent Tate (born 3 March 1982) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a centre or winger in the 2000s and 2010s. An Australia international and Queensland State of Origin representative, he played his club football in the NRL for the Brisbane Broncos (with whom he won the 2006 NRL Premiership), the New Zealand Warriors and the North Queensland Cowboys. Despite a career that was set back by a series of severe injuries, Tate kept coming back and was a member of the 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2013 State of Origin series-winning Queensland sides, as well as the 2008 and 2013 World Cup Australian sides, winning the 2013 edition with them.

2006 State of Origin series
The 2006 State of Origin series was the 25th year that the annual best-of-three series of interstate rugby league football matches between the Queensland and New South Wales representative teams was contested entirely under 'state of origin' selection rules. It was decided in three matches which drew a total attendance of 180,074. Queensland won the series 2-1, their first outright series victory since 2001 and the first in their record-breaking run of eight consecutive series wins. Prior to game one there was growing concern about the long term future of State of Origin, many commentators were beginning to wonder if Queensland would ever win another series after three consecutive New South Wales victories.
Tualatin Valley
The Tualatin Valley is a farming and suburban region southwest of Portland, Oregon. The valley is formed by the meandering Tualatin River, a tributary of the Willamette River at the northwest corner of the Willamette Valley, east of the Northern Oregon Coast Range. Most of the valley is located within Washington County, separated from Portland by the Tualatin Mountains. Communities in the Tualatin Valley include Banks, Forest Grove, Cornelius, Hillsboro, Aloha, Beaverton, Sherwood, Tigard, and Tualatin.

Tualatin Mountains
The Tualatin Mountains (also known as the West Hills or Southwest Hills of Portland) are a range on the western border of Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. A spur of the Northern Oregon Coast Range, they separate the Tualatin Basin of Washington County, Oregon, from the Portland Basin of western Multnomah County and Clark County, Washington.

The highest peak in the range is Dixie Mountain at 1,609 feet (490 m). Other notable peaks include Cornell Mountain at 1,270 feet (390m), Council Crest at 1,073 feet (327 m), and Pittock Hill, location of the Pittock Mansion.

Despite steep slopes, periodic landslides, and multiple earthquake faults, many residences have been built in the Tualatin Mountains, though much of the northern portion is undeveloped land within the 5,000-acre (20 km2) Forest Park. The landscape, inside and outside the park, is predominantly forested.
Diana Douglas
Diana Love Webster (née Dill; formerly Douglas and Darrid; January 22, 1923 – July 3, 2015), known professionally as Diana Douglas, was a Bermudian-American actress who was married to actor Kirk Douglas from 1943 until their divorce in 1951. She was the mother of Michael and Joel Douglas.

Douglas began her career as an actress in 1942, and ultimately appeared in more than 50 films. Two of her best-known roles were Susan Rogers in The Indian Fighter (co-starring Kirk Douglas) and Peg in Planes, Trains and Automobiles. She was also known for her recurring role as Martha Evans in Days of Our Lives (1977–1979, 1982). In 2003, she appeared in It Runs in the Family with her ex-husband Kirk, her son Michael and her grandson Cameron. She retired from acting in 2008.

It Runs in the Family (2003 film)
It Runs in the Family is a 2003 American comedy drama film directed by Fred Schepisi and written by Jesse Wigutow. Following a dysfunctional wealthy New York Jewish family, the film is notable for starring three generations of the Douglas family: Kirk Douglas, his son Michael Douglas, and Michael's son Cameron Douglas, who play three generations of a family. Diana Douglas (née Dill), real life mother to Michael Douglas and ex-wife of Kirk, plays Kirk's character's wife. Joel Douglas, second son of Kirk and Diana, was the associate producer. This was the final film appearance of Diana Douglas before her retirement from acting and subsequent death on July 3, 2015 at the age of 92 years.

It was released in the United States by MGM Distribution, Co. (through their Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures label) and internationally by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution (through their Buena Vista International label) on April 25, 2003.
K-4 (Kansas highway)
K-4 is the longest designated state highway in Kansas, at 369.079 miles (593.975 km). It begins north of Scott City at U.S. Route 83 (US-83) and travels eastward to US-59 near Nortonville in northeast Kansas. A segment of the highway in Saline County overlaps Interstate 135 (I-135) and US-81, and a section in Topeka runs concurrent with I-70. It also intersects several other major highways, including US-283 in Ransom, US-183 in La Crosse, US-281 in Hoisington, US-77 in Herington, I-470 and US-75 in Topeka, and US-24 northeast of Topeka.

K-4 was first designated by KDOT in 1927, and at that time ran from K-1 (now U.S. Route 183) in La Crosse eastward to the Missouri state line by Atchison. By 1932, the highway was extended westward along the former alignment of K-52 to its current western terminus. Then in December 1994, K-4 was truncated to US-59 in Nortonville.

U.S. Route 183 in Kansas
U.S. Route 183 (US-183) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from US-77 in Refugio, Texas north to Interstate 90 (I-90) in Presho, South Dakota. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-183 is a main north–south highway that runs from the Oklahoma border north to the Nebraska border.

Between 1930 and 1931, US-183 was extended south into Kansas to US-83 in Dresden. Then between July 1938 and 1939, US-183 was altered to follow US-36 east to K-1 in Phillipsburg, then south along K-1 to US-160. Then continued west along US-160 to K-34 in Sitka, which it followed south from Sitka to the Oklahoma border. Between 1941 and 1944, US-183 and US-83 were swapped within Nebraska and a small portion into Kansas, which straightened their alignment and eliminated the overlap between the two in Norton. The former alignment of US-83 from northeast of Selden to east of Woodruff became US-383, now K-383.
Raita algorithm
In computer science, the Raita algorithm is a string searching algorithm which improves the performance of Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm. This algorithm preprocesses the string being searched for the pattern, which is similar to Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm. The searching pattern of particular sub-string in a given string is different from Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm. This algorithm was published by Timo Raita in 1991.

Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm
In computer science, the Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm or Horspool's algorithm is an algorithm for finding substrings in strings. It was published by Nigel Horspool in 1980 as Simplified Boyer–Moore (SBM).

It is a simplification of the Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm which is related to the Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm. The algorithm trades space for time in order to obtain an average-case complexity of O(n) on random text, although it has O(nm) in the worst case, where the length of the pattern is m and the length of the search string is n.
Liberal Forum
The Liberal Forum (German: Liberales Forum, LiF) was a centrist, liberal political party in Austria. The party was active from February 1993 to January 2014, when the party merged into NEOS – The New Austria.

A member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, it was founded as a classical liberal split from the FPÖ due to its right-wing populist stances and was placed on the libertarian/post-materialist on a two-axis political spectrum, alongside The Greens – The Green Alternative, in a 2000 comparative analysis among Austrian political parties.

Liberalism in Austria
This article gives an overview of liberalism in Austria. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly demonstrates by having had representation in parliament. For inclusion in this scheme, it is not necessary that parties label themselves as liberals.
John Spedan Lewis
John Spedan Lewis (22 September 1885 – 21 February 1963) was an English businessman and the founder of the John Lewis Partnership.

Elder son of John Lewis, who owned the John Lewis department store, London, Spedan joined the business at 19 and in 1914 assumed control of Peter Jones in Sloane Square, London. On his father's death he formed the John Lewis Partnership and began distributing profits among its employees in 1929. He transferred control of the company to the employees in 1950 and resigned as chairman in 1955.

John Lewis (department store founder)
John Lewis (24 February 1836 – 8 June 1928) was an English businessman and county councillor, known for being the founder of the John Lewis department store on Oxford Street, London and the national John Lewis & Partners chain of department stores.
Alec Neill
Alexander George Neill (born 22 July 1950 in Dunedin, New Zealand) is a former New Zealand politician. He was a member of parliament for the National Party on three non-consecutive occasions between 1990 and 2002 and was later a member of the Canterbury Regional Council from 2003 until 2010.

Environment Canterbury
Environment Canterbury, frequently abbreviated to ECan, is the promotional name for the Canterbury Regional Council. It is the regional council for Canterbury, the largest region in the South Island of New Zealand. It is part of New Zealand's structure of local government.
Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club
Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club is an English professional rugby union club based in West London, playing in Champ Rugby at the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system. The club's first team are the reigning champions of 2024–25 but were considered ineligible for promotion to Premiership Rugby as their home ground's capacity is too small. They were promoted to the league after they won National League 1 in 2014–15.

National League 1
National One, up until 2023 known as National League 1 and previously known before September 2009 as National Division Two), is the third of three national leagues in the domestic rugby union competition of England. It was known as Courage League National Division Three when it was founded in 1987. Richmond are the current champions.

The Rugby Football Union (RFU) approved a new structure for the National Leagues from the 2022–23 season. This division was reduced to fourteen teams, playing each other on a home and away basis to make a total of 26 matches each.
ROF Bridgwater
Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF) Bridgwater was a factory between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, England, that produced high explosives for munitions. It was slightly above sea level, between the 5-and-10-metre (16 and 33 ft) contour lines on Ordnance Survey maps. BAE Systems closed it when decommissioning was completed in July 2008.

Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills
The Royal Gunpowder Mills are a former industrial site in Waltham Abbey, England.
It was one of three Royal Gunpowder Mills in the United Kingdom (the others being at Ballincollig and Faversham). Waltham Abbey is the only site to have survived virtually intact.

The Royal Gunpowder Mills, Waltham Abbey, were in operation for over 300 years. Starting in the mid-1850s the site became involved in the development of revolutionary nitro-based explosives and propellants known as "smokeless powder". The site grew in size, and black powder became less important.

Shortly after the Second World War it became solely a Defence Research Establishment – firstly the Explosives Research and Development Establishment, then the Propellants, Explosives and Rocket Motor Establishment Waltham Abbey; and finally the Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment Waltham Abbey.
Earthquake Bird
Earthquake Bird is a 2019 psychological thriller film written and directed by Wash Westmoreland based on the 2001 novel of the same name by Susanna Jones. It stars Alicia Vikander, Riley Keough, Naoki Kobayashi and Jack Huston.

It had its world premiere at the BFI London Film Festival on October 10, 2019. It was released on November 1, 2019, before digital streaming on November 15, 2019, by Netflix.

The Earthquake Bird
The Earthquake Bird is the 2001 debut novel by British author Susanna Jones. It won the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, a Betty Trask Award, and the Crime Writers' Association John Creasy Dagger. The novel was later adapted by Wash Westmoreland into a film called Earthquake Bird, which was released by Netflix in November 2019.