hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing
Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until 2023. The area was represented by the riding of Algoma from 1867 to 1904 and from 1968 to 1996 and then by Algoma—Manitoulin from 1996 to 2004. In 2023 the riding was dissolved with parts going to Kapuskasing—Timmins—Mushkegowuk, Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma, Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel Belt, and Thunder Bay—Superior North.

Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma
Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma (formerly Sault Ste. Marie) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.

This riding was centred on the city of Sault Ste. Marie since its creation from Algoma West in 1966. Under the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution the riding gained most of rural Algoma from Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing, and was renamed Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma.
Entomopter
An Entomopter is an aircraft that flies using the wing-flapping aerodynamics of an insect. The word is derived from entomo (meaning insect: as in entomology) + pteron (meaning wing). Entomopters are type of ornithopter, which is the broader term for any device intended to fly by flapping wings.

Ornithopter
An ornithopter (from Ancient Greek  ὄρνις (órnis) 'bird' and  πτερόν (pterón) 'wing') is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings. Designers sought to imitate the flapping-wing flight of birds, bats, and insects. Though machines may differ in form, they are usually built on the same scale as flying animals. Larger, crewed ornithopters have also been built and some have been successful. Crewed ornithopters are generally powered either by engines or by the pilot.
Manuel de Jesús Córdova
Manuel de Jesús Córdova Melgar (25 December 1911 – ?) was a Salvadoran military officer who was a member of the Revolutionary Council of Government, a Salvadoran civic-military junta, from 1948 to 1949. He later served as the director of the Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School from 1956 to 1958.

Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School
The Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School (Spanish: Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios), abbreviated as the EMCGGB, was a military academy in El Salvador. It was established in 1868 and is named after Captain General Gerardo Barrios who served as President of El Salvador from 1859 to 1863. It was located in Antiguo Cuscatlán, Santa Tecla, La Libertad. It was demolished in June 2022 to make way for the construction of the National Stadium of El Salvador.
Maurice Tornay
Maurice Tornay, CRSA (31 August 1910 – 11 August 1949) was a Swiss Catholic priest of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine – of the Hospitallers of Saint Nicholas and Grand-St-Bernard of Mont Joux branch – who served as part of the missions in China and Tibet.

He fought against anti-Catholic religious persecution in independent Tibet and was ambushed and murdered by Tibetan Buddhist monks of the Karma Kagyu sect from the Karma Gon Monastery while he travelled to Lhasa disguised as a pilgrim to appeal directly to the Dalai Lama for religious toleration to be granted to the Catholic Church in Tibet.

He was beatified on 16 May 1993 after Pope John Paul II confirmed that the late priest had been killed "in odium fidei" ('out of hatred of the faith').

Catholic Church in Tibet
The Catholic Church is a minority religious organization in Tibet, where Tibetan Buddhism is the faith of the majority of people. Its origin dates from the 17th century, when António de Andrade, a Portuguese Jesuit through Jesuit missions in Tibet, introduced Catholicism into the Kingdom of Guge in western Tibet.

The Catholic Church of Lhasa was the first Catholic church built in Tibet, but was destroyed in 1745. Today, Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church at Yerkalo in Chamdo is the only Catholic church in the Chinese communist government-designated Tibet Autonomous Region, in addition to chapels and churches scattered throughout the incorporated Tibetan territories in Sichuan (Szechwan) and Yunnan.
James Grant (Scottish bishop)
James Grant (July 1706 – 3 December 1778) was a Scottish priest and bishop who served as a missionary for the illegal and underground Catholic Church in Scotland upon the Isle of Barra and later as the vicar apostolic of the Lowland District.

John Geddes (bishop)
John Geddes (9 September 1735 – 11 February 1799) was a Scottish Catholic prelate who served as Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of the Lowland District from 1779 to 1797. He was also rector of the Royal Scots College, Valladolid, from 1771 to 1780. In addition to his published writings about the history of the Catholic Church in Scotland and efforts to achieve Catholic Emancipation, Geddes is particularly important for his partially extant diary of Edinburgh intellectual life during the Scottish Enlightenment and for his friendship with Scottish national poet Robert Burns, from whom he received the now priceless volume known as The Geddes Burns.
36th Rescue Squadron
The 36th Rescue Squadron at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington is part of the 58th Operations Group. It was formerly part of the 336th Training Group at Fairchild.  It operates Bell UH-1N Twin Huey aircraft conducting search and rescue missions in support of the US Air Force Survival School. The squadron was redesignated as the 36th Rescue Squadron on 14 August 2015.

The squadron was first activated in Japan during the Korean War and earned a Distinguished Unit Citation and a Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for its rescue missions during that war.  It continued rescue operations in the Northern Pacific until 1972, except for a brief inactive period from 1960 tp 1961.  The squadron has performed its current mission since activating in 1993 as the 36th Rescue Flight.

336th Training Group
The 336th Training Group is the combat survival training group of the United States Air Force. The group is located at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington, with one subordinate unit at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, and one at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.

The Group operates the United States Air Force Survival School. The school provides instruction in Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) training, primarily to aircrew. Instruction concentrates on the principles, techniques, and skills necessary to survive in any environment and to return safely.

The unit was first organized as the 336th Bombardment Group which was a World War II United States Army Air Forces training organization. It served in the United States from July 1942 to May 1944.
Nihiru
Nihiru, or Niukia, is one of the Tuamotu atolls in French Polynesia. It is a relatively small atoll located 49 km to the east of Makemo Atoll and 30 km northeast of Marutea Atoll.

Nihiru Atoll is roughly triangular in shape. It measures 14 km in length with a maximum width of 10.5 km. Its lagoon has an area of 79 km2.

Nihiru had 11 inhabitants in 2012, most of whom originated from Taenga.

Taenga
Taenga, or Taunga-hara, is one of the Tuamotu atolls in French Polynesia. It is located 32 km to the northeast of Makemo Atoll and 27 km to the northwest of Nihiru Atoll.

Taenga Atoll is roughly triangular in shape. It measures 27 km in length with a maximum width of 11 km.

Taenga's lagoon has an area of 120 square kilometres (46 square miles). It is very difficult to enter on account of the currents and the very narrow pass.

This atoll has 65 inhabitants (2022), most of whom are Mormons who have lived there since 1845.
Luna Eclipsed
"Luna Eclipsed" is the fourth episode of the second season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The episode was written by M.A. Larson. It originally aired on The Hub on October 22, 2011. In this episode, Princess Luna visits Ponyville during the festival of Nightmare Night, but her outdated mannerisms and the ponies' fear cause problems.

Princess Luna
Princess Luna  (formerly known as Nightmare Moon) is a fictional character who appears in the fourth incarnation of Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline and media franchise, beginning with My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–2019). She serves as the co-ruler of Equestria alongside her older sister Princess Celestia. She is voiced by Tabitha St. Germain, who also voices Rarity.

Princess Luna is depicted as a wise but initially troubled anthropomorphic alicorn who is responsible for raising the moon and has the ability to enter and manipulate the dream realm. She is characterized by her dark blue coat, flowing ethereal mane that sparkles with stars, her tall stature, her regalia including a crown and ornate necklace, and her cutie mark depicting a crescent moon.
Nepenthes rafflesiana
Nepenthes rafflesiana (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ræˌfliːziˈɑːnə/; after Stamford Raffles), or Raffles' pitcher-plant, is a species of tropical pitcher plant. It has a very wide distribution covering Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore. Nepenthes rafflesiana is extremely variable, with numerous forms and varieties described. In Borneo alone, there are at least three distinct varieties. The giant form of this species produces enormous pitchers rivalling those of N. rajah in size.

Nepenthes × hookeriana
Nepenthes × hookeriana (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌhʊkəriˈɑːnə/; after Joseph Dalton Hooker), or Hooker's pitcher-plant, is a common natural hybrid involving N. ampullaria and N. rafflesiana. It was originally described as a species.

It is a relatively common natural hybrid found throughout the lowlands of Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and Sumatra. It is also present on smaller surrounding islands such as Natuna. Like its parental species, the hybrid generally grows in recently disturbed clearings.
Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne
Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne (22 May 1724 – 12 June 1772)  was a French privateer, East India captain, and explorer. The expedition he led to find the hypothetical Terra Australis in 1771 made important geographic discoveries in the south Indian Ocean and anthropological discoveries in Tasmania and New Zealand. In New Zealand, they spent longer living on shore than any previous European expedition. Half way through the expedition's stay, Marion was killed during a military assault by Ngare Raumati: one of the oldest Māori tribes from the Whangārei region.

He is commemorated with the toponyms Marion Island, South Africa and Marion Bay, Tasmania, as well in the name of two successive French oceanic research and supply vessel the Marion Dufresne (1972) and the Marion Dufresne II, which service the French Southern Territories of Amsterdam Island, the Crozet Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, and Saint Paul Island.

Prince Edward Islands
The Prince Edward Islands are two small uninhabited subantarctic volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean that are administered by South Africa. They are named Marion Island (named after Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, 1724–1772) and Prince Edward Island (named after Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, 1767–1820).

The islands in the group have been declared Special Nature Reserves under the South African Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, No. 57 of 2003, and activities on the islands are therefore restricted to research and conservation management. Further protection was granted when the area was declared a marine protected area in 2013. The only human inhabitants of the islands are the staff of a meteorological and biological research station run by the South African National Antarctic Programme on Marion Island.
Quinn Finley
Quinn Finley (born August 8, 2004) is an American college ice hockey left wing for the Wisconsin Badgers of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). He was drafted 78th overall by the New York Islanders in the 2022 NHL Entry Draft.

Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey
The Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin–Madison in Madison, Wisconsin. The team plays at the Kohl Center and is currently coached by Mike Hastings. The Badgers ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten Conference.

The Badgers have won three WCHA regular season conference titles and 11 conference tournament titles. They have also made 24 appearances in the NCAA men's ice hockey tournament, advancing to the Frozen Four 12 times. The team's six national titles rank fourth best in college hockey history.

Their most recent national championship came in 2006 when the Badgers defeated the Boston College Eagles 2–1 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.

Life of Constantine
Life of Constantine the Great (Ancient Greek: Βίος Μεγάλου Κωνσταντίνου, romanized: Bios Megalou Kōnstantinou; Latin: Vita Constantini) is a panegyric written in Greek in honor of Constantine the Great by Eusebius of Caesarea in the 4th century AD. It was never completed due to the death of Eusebius in 339. The work provides scholars with one of the most comprehensive sources for the religious policies of Constantine's reign. In addition to detailing the religious policies of the Roman Empire under Constantine, Eusebius uses Life of Constantine to engage several of his own religious concerns, such as apologetics, as well as a semi-bibliographic account of Constantine.
Caroline Gleich
Caroline Louise Gleich (born December 31, 1985) is an American environmentalist, skier, and mountaineer. An advocate for environmental justice and climate reform, she was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 2024 United States Senate election race in Utah but lost to Republican Representative John Curtis in the general election by over 30 percentage points.

2024 United States Senate election in Utah
The 2024 United States Senate election in Utah was held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Utah. Republican congressman John Curtis won his first term in office, succeeding Republican incumbent Mitt Romney, who did not seek a second term. Utah has been represented in the U.S. Senate exclusively by Republicans since 1977.

Despite finishing a distant second behind Riverton mayor Trent Staggs at the Utah Republican convention, Curtis won the Republican primary with 49% of the vote over Staggs and former state House speaker Brad Wilson. Democratic environmentalist Caroline Gleich won her party's nomination after receiving 93% of vote at the Utah Democratic convention.
Shadow
A shadow is a dark area on a surface where light from a light source is blocked by an object. In contrast, shade occupies the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it. The cross-section of a shadow is a two-dimensional silhouette, or a reverse projection of the object blocking the light.

Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object of lesser size. In cases of equal or smaller impinging objects, only an umbra and penumbra are generated. Assuming no diffraction, for a collimated beam (such as a point source) of light, only the umbra is cast.

These phenomena are generally observed within solar systems, as the size of the stars within the system are larger than the orbiting satellites, hence these terms are most often used for the shadows cast by celestial bodies, though they are sometimes used to describe levels of darkness, such as in sunspots.
Dzień Dobry Wakacje
Dzień Dobry Wakacje (Polish pronunciation: [ˈd͡ʑɛɲ ˈdɔ.brɘ vaˈka.t͡sjɛ], Eng. Good Morning Holidays) is a Polish morning show, spin-off of Dzień Dobry TVN. It is broadcast in July and August on weekends from 8:30 to 11:00. The first show aired on 3 July 2010 on TVN. Dzień Dobry Wakacje is presented by Dzień Dobry TVN presenters and various guest presenters.

In 2020 the show's theme music is the same as Dzień Dobry TVN. Earlier it was a song called Sunny Day.

Good Morning TVN
Dzień Dobry TVN (eng. Good Morning TVN) is a Polish morning show broadcast on TVN since 2005 every day between 8:00 and 11:30. It features celebrity guests, advice on health, entertainment, cookery and more.

It is presented by three duets: Dorota Wellman with Marcin Prokop, Paulina Krupińska-Karpiel with Damian Michałowski and Ewa Drzyzga with Krzysztof Skórzyński.
The programme is also broadcast on iTVN and TVN HD.

During the summer holidays it is replaced by Dzień Dobry Wakacje
Isaac Bruce
Isaac Isidore Bruce (born November 10, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the second round of the 1994 NFL draft after playing college football for the West Los Angeles Wildcats, the Santa Monica Corsairs, and most notably with the Memphis Tigers.

An All-Pro and four-time Pro Bowl selection, Bruce amassed 15,208 receiving yards in his career (fifth all-time). He played the first 14 years with the Los Angeles / St. Louis Rams and won a Super Bowl ring with the team in Super Bowl XXXIV over the Tennessee Titans. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers. During his time with the Rams, he was the leading wide receiver of "The Greatest Show on Turf". In 2020, Bruce was elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

West Los Angeles College
West Los Angeles College (West L.A. College or WLAC) is a public community college in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California. It is part of the California Community Colleges System and the Los Angeles Community College District. It is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. The school offers associate degrees including 18 vocational-oriented programs in addition to 25 transfer programs. The college awards more than 600 degrees and certificates annually in 39 fields.

Beginning in the fall of 2016, WLAC became one of only 15 community colleges in the State of California approved to offer a bachelor's degree. The college is now authorized to teach two bachelor's degree programs, dental hygiene and avionics.
Clondalkin Round Tower
Clondalkin Round Tower (Irish: Cloigtheach Chluain Dolcáin) is an Irish round tower located in Clondalkin, South Dublin, Ireland. Located on the site of a monastery founded by Saint Mochua (also known as Saint Cronan), the tower is protected as a national monument. As of December 2024, the tower's visitor centre was reportedly closed 'until further notice'.

Clondalkin
Clondalkin (Irish: Cluain Dolcáin, meaning 'pasture of Dolcán') is a suburban village in County Dublin, Ireland, approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Dublin city centre. It is within the administrative jurisdiction of South Dublin.

Clondalkin is also the name of a civil parish and a townland in the ancient barony of Uppercross, and is also used in relation to some local religious parishes.

The population of all electoral divisions labelled as Clondalkin was 47,938 as of the 2022 census.
Osman Hadi
Sharif Osman Bin Hadi (born Osman Goni; 30 June 1993 – 18 December 2025) was a Bangladeshi political and cultural activist, writer and a teacher. He was the co-founder and spokesperson of Inqilab Moncho. After the July Revolution, he became a figure in youth-led movements, noted for his opposition to what he termed "Indian hegemony in Bangladesh", his advocacy regarding the July martyrs, and his participation in the Awami League ban protests.

On 12 December 2025, Hadi was shot in the Paltan area of Dhaka. He was airlifted to the Singapore General Hospital on 15 December, where he died three days later. His death triggered a series of nationwide violent incidents, targeting media houses, political and cultural sites, and diplomatic missions. He has been widely recognised as a martyr in Bangladesh.

Indian influence in Bangladesh
Since the independence of Bangladesh, India has been accused of exerting dominance or "hegemony" in political, economic, military, and cultural spheres of Bangladesh. The issue is often debated in the context of bilateral relations, with proponents citing India's role in the 1971 Liberation War and subsequent aid, trade dependencies, and security cooperation as evidence of asymmetric power dynamics. Critics, including some Bangladeshi nationalists, argue it manifests in areas like border disputes, water-sharing agreements (e.g., the Ganges Water Treaty), and political interventions, while Indian perspectives emphasize mutual benefits and regional stability under frameworks like SAARC and BIMSTEC. The notion remains a contentious issue in Bangladeshi discourse, influencing domestic politics and foreign policy.
Otto Buchwitz
Otto Buchwitz (27 April 1879 – 9 July 1964) was a German resistance fighter against National Socialism, politician and party functionary of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Socialist Unity Party (SED).

A Social Democratic politician in the Weimar Republic, Buchwitz went into exile in Denmark until being arrested and imprisoned in 1940. After the war, he supported the forced merger of the SPD and KPD and subsequently co-chaired the SED in Saxony and, briefly, the powerful Central Party Control Commission (ZPKK).

His career was cut short in 1950, when former Social Democrats were largely purged from party functions.

Central Party Control Commission of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
The Central Party Control Commission (German: Zentrale Parteikontrollkommission) (ZPKK) was a supreme disciplinary body created by the SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany) on 16 September 1948, in the Soviet Occupation Zone. It operated under the SED Central Committee and had corresponding bodies at all levels of the party in the form of Bezirk (BPKK) and district Party Control Commissions (KPKK). These entities existed until the renaming of the SED in 1989.

This commission played a significant role in enforcing conformity and eliminating perceived opposition within the party ranks during its existence.
Tissaphernes
Tissaphernes (Old Persian: *Ciçafarnāʰ; Ancient Greek: Τισσαφέρνης; Lycian: 𐊋𐊆𐊈𐊈𐊀𐊓𐊕𐊑𐊏𐊀 Kizzaprñna, 𐊈𐊆𐊖𐊀𐊓𐊕𐊑𐊏𐊀 Zisaprñna; 445 – 395 BC) was a Persian commander and statesman, Satrap of Lydia and Ionia. His life is mostly known from the works of Thucydides and Xenophon. According to Ctesias, he was the son of Hidarnes III and therefore, the great grandson of Hydarnes, one of the six conspirators who had supported the rise of Darius the Great.

Lydia (satrapy)
The Satrapy of Lydia, known as Sparda in Old Persian (Old Persian cuneiform 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭, Sparda), was an administrative province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid Empire, located in the ancient kingdom of Lydia, with Sardis as its capital.