hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seend Cleeve Quarry
Seend Cleeve Quarry (grid reference ST933609) is a 7.5 acres (3.0 ha) Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest at Seend Cleeve, Wiltshire, England, notified in 1987. It is important for its strata from the Oxfordian stage of the Jurassic period, containing fossil ammonites and bivalves which aid stratigraphy.

The site was an iron ore quarry between the middle of the 19th century and the 1960s, and in the 19th century Seend Iron Works was nearby. None of these facilities have been preserved; the site is now pasture.

Seend Ironstone Quarry and Road Cutting
Seend Ironstone Quarry and Road Cutting (grid reference ST937610) is a 3 acres (1.2 ha) Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest at Seend in Wiltshire, England, notified in 1965. The site contains facies of Lower Greensand containing specimens of fauna not found elsewhere.

Mining rights were leased just below the Bell Inn before 1856 where 10,000 tons of iron ore were mined. The quarried brown hematite ore was then smelted in blast furnaces from 1860 by William Sarl with three furnaces fifty feet high, and employing 300 men. Iron smelting continued intermittently until the mid 1870s, after which only quarrying was carried on. The ironworks were dismantled by 1890. The ironstone continued to be extracted and shipped for smelting elsewhere until after World War I. From around the 1920s the iron ore was calcined at the site for shipping and its iron oxide used in purification plants for town gas. The works appear to have continued functioning into the 1960s.
Women's T20 World Cup
The ICC Women's T20 World Cup is a biennial world cup for the sport of cricket in the T20I format. It is organised by the International Cricket Council. The first edition was held in England in 2009. For the first 3 editions, there were eight participating nations, but the number was raised to ten from the 2014 edition. The number of teams are set to increase to twelve during the 2026 edition.

At each tournament, a set number of teams qualify automatically, with the remaining teams determined by the Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier. As of 2024, a total of nine editions have been held and twelve teams have participated, Australia, having won the tournament six times (2010, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2020, 2023) are the most successful team,  while England (2009), West Indies (2016) and New Zealand (2024) have one title each.

New Zealand are the current champions having won the 2024 edition for the first time, after defeating South Africa in the final.

Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier
The Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier (until 2018, the Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier) is an international cricket tournament that serves as the final step of the qualification process for the Women's T20 World Cup.

The qualifier was held for the first time in 2013, with the top three teams qualifying for the World Cup. The first five editions have featured eight teams, determined by a combination of international rankings, previous World Cup results, and regional qualifiers, with the top two teams qualifying for the World Cup. For the 2024 tournament the number of teams was increased to ten.

Bangladesh have won the tournament on three occasions, winning consecutively in 2018, 2019 and 2022. The first tournament was shared by Pakistan and Sri Lanka when the rain-affected final ended in a no result, while Ireland won the 2015 tournament. Thailand was the only other team to qualify for a World Cup via the qualifier, having finished runner-up to Bangladesh in 2019.
LAV II
The LAV II is the second generation of the Light Armoured Vehicle (LAV) family. The LAV II is an 8×8 vehicle unlike the 6×6 Armoured Vehicle General Purpose, which is a LAV based on the Piranha I. The United States Marine Corps was the first user of the LAV II, which it calls the LAV-25. Canada procured two main variants: the Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle and the Bison armoured utility vehicle. LAV IIs in Australia are known as the ASLAV.

Bison and Coyote armoured vehicles
The LAV II Bison and Coyote are armoured cars, or armoured personnel carriers built by General Dynamics Land Systems Canada for the Canadian Armed Forces.
Bison vehicles have been used to a lesser extent by the Australian Army and the US National Guard.
Wyevale Garden Centres
Wyevale Garden Centres was a British garden centre chain, founded in 1967 by the Williamson Family.

The chain became the UK's largest garden centre operator in the 1990s, and purchased the Country Gardens chain in September 2000. In February 2007, it purchased the Blooms of Bressingham chain.

In July 2009, the chain rebranded as The Garden Centre Group. In March 2012, Terra Firma Capital Partners purchased the group, who renamed it back to Wyevale in October 2014.

In May 2018, Terra Firma Capital Partners announced they would seek to offload Wyevale's estate of 145 properties.  The biggest purchasers of the Wyevale estate were Dobbies Garden Centres and British Garden Centres, who both each bought 37 centres, as well as Blue Diamond Garden Centres who bought 16 centres. 50 centres were sold to smaller chains and independents, and five were closed. The sale process was completed by September 2019.

Dobbies Garden Centres
Dobbies Garden Centres Limited (styled as dobbies) is a British chain of garden centres based in Lasswade, Scotland. It was formerly the biggest garden centre operator in the United Kingdom, for a time, operating as many as 77 stores, some of which it acquired from the previous biggest garden centre chain, Wyevale.
Filipino alphabet
The modern Filipino alphabet (Filipino: makabagong alpabetong Filipino), otherwise known as the Filipino alphabet (Filipino: alpabetong Filipino), is the alphabet of the Filipino language, the official national language and one of the two official languages of the Philippines. The modern Filipino alphabet is made up of 28 letters, which includes the entire 26-letter set of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, the Spanish Ñ, and the Ng. The Ng digraph came from the Pilipino Abakada alphabet of the Fourth Republic. Today, the modern Filipino alphabet may also be used to write all languages of the Philippines.

In 2013, the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino released the Ortograpiyang Pambansa ("National Orthography"), a new set of guidelines that resolved phonemic representation problems previously encountered when writing some Philippine languages and dialects.

Abakada alphabet
The Abakada alphabet was an "indigenized" Latin alphabet adopted for the Tagalog-based Wikang Pambansa (now Filipino) in 1939.

The alphabet, which contains 20 letters, was introduced in the grammar book developed by Lope K. Santos for the newly designated national language based on Tagalog. It was officially adopted by the then Institute of National Language (Filipino: Surian ng Wikang Pambansa) and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (Filipino: Pambasang Komission Para sa Kultura at mga Pambasa).

The alphabet has since been superseded by the adoption of the Filipino alphabet (with an additional eight letters and repositioning of the letter K) in 1987.
Gary Kemp
Gary James Kemp (born 16 October 1959) is an English songwriter, musician and actor, best known as the lead guitarist, backing vocalist, and principal songwriter for the new wave band Spandau Ballet.

Kemp wrote the lyrics and music for all 23 of Spandau Ballet's hit singles, including "To Cut a Long Story Short", "True", "Gold", "Chant No. 1 (I Don't Need This Pressure On)", "Through the Barricades" and "Only When You Leave". Spandau Ballet became one of the biggest British bands of the 1980s, generating over 25 million record sales worldwide. In 2012, Kemp was an Ivor Novello Award winner for Outstanding Song Collection. His brother Martin Kemp plays bass guitar in the band and is also an actor. Since 2018, Kemp has also toured the US and Europe with the psychedelic rock group Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets.

Martin Kemp
Martin John Kemp (born 10 October 1961) is an English musician and actor, best known as the bassist in the new wave band Spandau Ballet and for his role as Steve Owen in  EastEnders.

He is the younger brother of Gary Kemp, who is also a member of Spandau Ballet and an actor. In 2012, Kemp’s son finished third in the tenth series of Celebrity Big Brother, and in 2017 he appeared as a judge on the BBC series Let It Shine.  He appeared on the 25th series of I’m a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!, finishing in 7th place.
Adaptive scalable texture compression
Adaptive scalable texture compression (ASTC) is a lossy block-based texture compression algorithm developed by Jørn Nystad et al. of ARM Ltd. and AMD.

Full details of ASTC were first presented publicly at the High Performance Graphics 2012 conference, in a paper by Olson et al. entitled "Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression".

ASTC was adopted as an official extension for both OpenGL and OpenGL ES by the Khronos Group on 6 August 2012.

Texture compression
Texture compression is a specialized form of image compression designed for storing texture maps in 3D computer graphics rendering systems. Unlike conventional image compression algorithms, texture compression algorithms are optimized for random access.

Texture compression can be applied to reduce memory usage at runtime. Texture data is often the largest source of memory usage in a mobile application.
Travelocity
Travelocity is an online travel agency owned by the American travel group Expedia Group. One of the pioneers of web-based disintermediation, Travelocity was the first website that allowed consumers the ability to purchase travel tickets without the help of a person. In addition to airfares, the site also permits consumers to book hotel rooms, rental cars, cruises and packaged vacations.

Expedia Group
Expedia Group, Inc. is an American travel technology company that owns and operates travel fare aggregators and travel metasearch engines, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Vrbo, Travelocity, Hotwire.com, Orbitz, Ebookers, CheapTickets, CarRentals.com, Expedia Cruises, Wotif, and Trivago. Over 3.5 million lodging facilities and flights on over 500 airlines are bookable on the company's websites. It has 16,500 employees, and its headquarters are located in Seattle, Washington.

The word "Expedia" is derived from a combination of "exploration" and "speed". The company is listed on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol EXPE.
Langford, British Columbia
Langford is a city on southern Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Langford is one of the 13 component municipalities of Greater Victoria and is within the Capital Regional District. Langford was incorporated in 1992 and has a population of over 40,000 people, the largest municipality in the Western Communities, and third-largest in the Capital Regional District after Saanich and Victoria.

Its motto is "Golden in setting, determined in Spirit," containing a reference to the natural beauty of the City of Langford, specifically Goldstream Provincial Park, and a comment on the community's drive to enhance Langford's special character and future.

Western Communities
The Western Communities, also called the West Shore or Westshore are a group of suburban municipalities west of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. They include Colwood, Langford, Metchosin, and The Highlands, as well as communities in unincorporated districts west of Esquimalt Harbour and Portage Inlet, and south of Malahat in the Capital Regional District. The town of View Royal, which straddles Esquimalt Harbour, may also be included. It is an area of growing residential subdivisions and commercial centres.

West Shore Park & Recreation is governed by the West Shore Parks & Recreation Society's board of directors made up of representatives from the City of Colwood, the City of Langford, the District of Metchosin, the District of Highlands, the Juan de Fuca Electoral Area and the Town of View Royal.
Moshe Nathanson
Moshe Nathanson (Hebrew: משה נתנזון; August 10, 1899 – February 24, 1981) was a Jerusalem-born American composer, cantor, and musicologist. He was known for promoting Hebrew folk music, and for composing widely used liturgical melodies, including a popular setting of the Birkat ha-Mazon. Alongside Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, he is sometimes credited as the composer of the popular song Hava Nagila.

Abraham Zevi Idelsohn
Abraham Zevi Idelsohn (Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם צְבִי אידלסון Avrohom Tzvi Idelsohn in Ashkenazi Hebrew; middle name also rendered Tzvi, Zvi, Zwi, or Zebi; June 11, 1882 – August 14, 1938) was a prominent Jewish ethnomusicologist and composer, who conducted several comprehensive studies of Jewish music around the world.
Joey Lawrence
Joseph Lawrence Mignogna III (born April 20, 1976) is an American actor, musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, podcaster, and game show host. He was a child actor in the early 1980s and portrayed Joey Russo in Blossom (1991–95) and Joe Longo in Melissa & Joey (2010–15). Lawrence also starred in Gimme a Break! (1983–87) and the series Brotherly Love with his real-life brothers Matthew and Andrew. His film appearances include Summer Rental (1985) and Oliver & Company (1988).

Andrew Lawrence (actor)
Andrew Lawrence (born Andrew James Mignogna; January 12, 1988) is an American actor, filmmaker, podcaster and singer. He is known for his roles as Andy Roman in Brotherly Love (starring with his real life brothers Joey and Matthew) and T.J. Detweiler in Recess. Outside of his acting and music career, Lawrence made his directorial debut with the 2020 film The Office Mix-Up.
Battle of Lake Kastoria
The Battle of Lake Kastoria (Greek: Μάχη λίμνης Καστοριάς) consisted of two parallel engagements north and south of Lake Kastoria (individually known in Greek as the battles of Argos Orestiko and of Foteini Pass) between Greek and German forces on 15 April 1941. Following the Greek failure to hold the Pass of Kleisoura, on 14 April, a new attempt was made to stop the German advance east of the road Bilisht (in Albania) – Kastoria – Grevena, which was used as the main route for the withdrawal of the Greek Western Macedonia Army Section.

Battle of Kleisoura Pass
The Battle of Kleisoura Pass (Greek: Αγώνας στενωπού Κλεισούρας) took place from the evening of 13 April 1941, when first contact was made, until the midday of 14 April, when Greek organized resistance collapsed. The battle was fought over the narrow pass that crosses between Mt. Vitsi and Mt. Siniatsiko, between elements of the Greek 20th Infantry Division which were occupying the pass and the German Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, a mechanized infantry unit of brigade level. The pass was strategically important for it stood on the main Allied defensive line (Mt.Vitsi– Mt. Siniatsiko– river Aliakmon – Mt. Olympos), behind which passed the withdrawal route of the Greek army engaged against the Italians in Albania.
Schloss Stainz
46°53′47″N 15°15′49″E﻿ / ﻿46.896325°N 15.263653°E﻿ / 46.896325; 15.263653

Schloss Stainz is a former monastery in Stainz, located in the Austrian state of Styria. Today, the Baroque complex belongs to the Counts of Meran and hosts two museum collections from the Universal Museum Joanneum.

Universalmuseum Joanneum
The Universalmuseum Joanneum (Austrian German: [univɛrˌsaːlmuˈseːʊm joaˈneːʊm]) is a multidisciplinary museum with buildings in several locations in the state of Styria, Austria. It has galleries and collections in many subject areas including archaeology, geology, paleontology, mineralogy, botany, zoology, history, art and folk culture. It is the oldest museum in Austria as well as the largest universal museum in central Europe with over 4.5 million objects in 13 departments and 12 locations in the Styrian cities of Graz, Stainz, Trautenfels, and Wagna (Flavia Solva). To reflect this status and its growth over the last two centuries, as well as to present a more recognizable image internationally, the Landesmuseum Joanneum was officially renamed Universalmuseum Joanneum in 2009.
Charters Towers
Charters Towers is a rural town in the Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It is 136 km (85 mi) by road south-west from Townsville on the Flinders Highway. During the last quarter of the 19th century, the town boomed as the rich gold deposits under the city were developed. After becoming uneconomical in the 20th century, profitable mining operations have commenced once again. In the 2021 census, the town of Charters Towers had a population of 8,040 people.

Charters Towers Region
The Charters Towers Region is a local government area in North Queensland, Australia southwest of, and inland from the city of Townsville, based in Charters Towers. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas which dated back to the 1870s.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$27.5 m.

In the 2021 census, the Charters Towers Region had a population of 11,794 people.
Minimed Paradigm
MiniMed Paradigm is a series of insulin pumps manufactured by Medtronic for patients with diabetes mellitus.  The pump operates with a single AAA battery and uses a piston-plunger pump to infuse a programmed amount of insulin into the patient through a length of tubing.  The Paradigm uses a one-way wireless radio frequency link to receive blood sugar measurements from select glucose meters.  The Paradigm RT (Real Time) series adds the ability to receive data from a mated continuous blood-glucose monitor.  Although the pump can use these measurements to assist in calculating a dose of insulin, no actual change in insulin delivery occurs without manual user-intervention.

In the United States, the device is regulated by a branch of the Food and Drug Administration.

Medtronic's successor to the Paradigm, the 670G, was released in 2015. On the same platform, Medtronic released the 780G in 2020 and in the United States in 2023.

Insulin pump
An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy (CSII = Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion).
The device configuration may vary depending on design.  A traditional pump includes:

the pump (including controls, processing module, and batteries)

a disposable reservoir for insulin (inside the pump)

a disposable infusion set, including a cannula for subcutaneous insertion (under the skin) and a tubing system to connect the insulin reservoir to the cannula.

Other configurations are possible. More recent models may include disposable or semi-disposable designs for the pumping mechanism and may eliminate tubing from the infusion set.

An insulin pump is an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin by insulin syringes or an insulin pen and allows for flexible insulin therapy when used in conjunction with blood glucose monitoring and carbohydrate counting.
Siege of Fort Augustus (1746)
The Siege of Fort Augustus took place from 22 February to 1 March 1746, during the Jacobite rising of 1745. After a short siege, the government garrison surrendered to a Jacobite force, which then moved on to besiege Fort William, using artillery captured at Fort Augustus.

Siege of Fort William
The siege of Fort William took place in the Scottish Highlands during the 1745 Jacobite Rising, from 20 March to 3 April 1746.

On 1 February 1746, the Jacobites abandoned the siege of Stirling Castle and withdrew to Inverness to wait for spring. This period was used to reduce government strongpoints in the Highlands, including Blair Castle and Fort Augustus; after its surrender on 1 March, they moved onto Fort William.

Advance elements of the Jacobite force arrived outside the fort on 8 March; operations began on 20 March but made little progress. When the Duke of Cumberland and his army left Aberdeen in early April, the besiegers were recalled to Inverness and the siege abandoned.
Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity
In algebra, the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity expresses the product of two sums of two squares as a sum of two squares in two different ways. Hence the set of all sums of two squares is closed under multiplication. Specifically, the identity says

For example,

The identity is also known as the Diophantus identity,  as it was first proved by Diophantus of Alexandria.  It is a special case of Euler's four-square identity, and also of Lagrange's identity.

Brahmagupta proved and used a more general Brahmagupta identity, stating

This shows that, for any fixed A, the set of all numbers of the form x2 + Ay2 is closed under multiplication.

These identities hold for all integers, as well as all rational numbers; more generally, they are true in any commutative ring.  All four forms of the identity can be verified by expanding each side of the equation.  Also, (2) can be obtained from (1), or (1) from (2), by changing b to −b, and likewise with (3) and (4).

Brahmagupta's identity
In algebra, Brahmagupta's identity says that, for given , the product of two numbers of the form  is itself a number of that form. In other words, the set of such numbers is closed under multiplication. Specifically:

Both (1) and (2) can be verified by expanding each side of the equation.  Also, (2) can be obtained from (1), or (1) from (2), by changing b to −b.

This identity holds in both the ring of integers and the ring of rational numbers, and more generally in any commutative ring.

Also, it can be viewed as a special case of the following identity:
Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby
Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby (4 May 1559 – 23 January 1637) was an English noblewoman from the Spencer family and noted patron of the arts. Poet Edmund Spenser represented her as "Amaryllis" in his eclogue Colin Clouts Come Home Againe (1595) and dedicated his poem The Teares of the Muses (1591) to her.

Her first husband was Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, a claimant to the English throne. Alice's eldest daughter, Anne Stanley, Countess of Castlehaven, was heiress presumptive to Queen Elizabeth I. She married secondly in 1600 Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley and thus became a member of the Egerton family.

Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby
Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby (1559 – 16 April 1594), was an English nobleman and politician. He was the son of Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, and Lady Margaret Clifford. Ferdinando had a place in the line of succession to Elizabeth I according to the will of Henry VIII, after his mother, whom he predeceased. His sudden death led to suspicions of poisoning amid fears of Catholic plots to overthrow Elizabeth.
Wanchese (Native American leader)
Wanchese (fl. 1585–1587) was the last known ruler of the Roanoke Native American tribe encountered by English colonists of the Roanoke Colony in the late sixteenth century. Along with Chief Manteo, he travelled to London in 1584, where the two men created a sensation in the royal court. Hosted at Durham House by the explorer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh, he and Manteo assisted the scientist Thomas Harriot with the job of deciphering and learning the Carolina Algonquian language. Unlike Manteo, Wanchese evinced little interest in learning English, and did not befriend his hosts, remaining suspicious of English motives in the New World. In April 1586, having returned to Roanoke, he finally ended his good relations with the English, leaving Manteo as the colonists' sole Indian ally.

Roanoke people
The Roanoke (/ˈroʊəˌnoʊk/), also spelled Roanoac, were a Carolina Algonquian-speaking people whose territory comprised present-day Dare County, Roanoke Island, and part of the mainland at the time of English exploration and colonization. They were one of the numerous Carolina Algonquian tribes, which may have numbered 5,000 to 10,000 people in total in eastern North Carolina at the time of English encounter.

The last tribal chief of the Roanoke was believed to be Wanchese, who traveled to England with colonists in 1584. However, he may have just been an influential individual.

The less numerous Croatan people may have been a branch of the Roanoke or a separate tribe allied with them.