hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Gould
John Gould FRS (/ɡuːld/; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist who published monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. Because of his 1840s seven-volume series The Birds of Australia and its updates he has been considered the father of bird study in Australia, and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species.

Henry Constantine Richter
Henry Constantine Richter (7 June 1821 – 16 March 1902) was an English zoological illustrator who produced a very large number of skillful coloured lithographs of birds and mammals, mainly for the scientific books of the renowned  English 19th century ornithologist John Gould.

Many of the original drawings used by Richter as the basis for his coloured lithographs were by Gould's wife, Elizabeth Coxen, produced before her death in 1841.

Richter's reputation was overshadowed by that of his much-celebrated employer.  Since it was not customary to acknowledge illustrators alongside authors in the titles of publications, his name was forgotten.  But in 1978, his great ability and the extent of his contribution to Gould's work came to light, in the work of the researcher Christine E. Jackson.
Wallace-Jagdfeld Octagon House
The Wallace-Jagdfeld Octagon House built in 1860 is a historic octagonal house located at 171 Forest Avenue in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. The two-story home features clapboard siding, a front porch, and a central chimney.

On April 26, 2002, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, becoming the second octagon house in Fond du Lac on the National Register along with the Fond du Lac Octagon House. It is located across the street from two other listings on the National Register, Hotel Calumet and the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Depot.

Octagon House (Fond du Lac, Wisconsin)
The Octagon House is a historic house located at 276 Linden Street in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, USA. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Along with the Wallace-Jagdfeld Octagon House, it is one of two Octagon Houses in Fond du Lac. The house was featured as the second-most haunted house in Wisconsin on the History Channel show "Hidden Passages".
Italian electoral law of 1993
The Italian electoral law of 1993 (better known as Mattarellum) was a reform of the electoral laws of Italy, passed on 4 August 1993. The nickname, conceived by Giovanni Sartori, derived from its author Sergio Mattarella. The law was also nicknamed Minotaur (from the mythical creature of Greek Mythology), for being a combination of two different parts (majority and proportional system).

The law replaced the proportional representation used in Italy since 1946, just after the end of the Second World War. It was replaced in 2005 by another law named Porcellum in reference to a comment by Roberto Calderoli.

Italian electoral law of 2005
The law no. 270 of 21 December 2005 was a proportional electoral law with a majority prize and blocked lists that regulated the election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate in Italy in 2006, 2008 and 2013.

It was nicknamed Porcellum by Giovanni Sartori after its author, Roberto Calderoli, defined it a "porcata" (rascality) in a TV show.
Uptown Pittsburgh
Uptown or The Bluff (also known by its former name Soho and prior to the 20th century as Boyd's Hill) is a neighborhood in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the southeast of the city's Central Business District. It is bordered in the north by the Hill District and located across the Monongahela River from South Side. The predominant area zip code is 15219.

This area is home to Mercy Hospital as well as Duquesne University.  It also includes a residential community that was once flourishing during the first half of the 20th century.  Uptown is also the home of the Pittsburgh Fire Bureau 4 Engine and 4 Truck.

South Side Flats
The South Side Flats is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's South Side area. It is located just south of the Monongahela River.  The neighborhood has one of the City of Pittsburgh's largest concentrations of 19th-century homes, which has prompted outsiders to call the neighborhood the city's Georgetown. It includes many bars and restaurants as well as residences.  The main throughway in the South Side Flats is East Carson Street.  The street is home to a significant portion of Pittsburgh's nightlife.
Spartacus International Gay Guide
The Spartacus International Gay Guide is an international gay travel application and formerly an annually-published guide. It was founded by John D. Stamford in 1970 as a printed guide, before being bought by Bruno Gmünder in 1987 following investigations into Stamford's tax violations and promotion of paedophilia. It was sold to current owners GayGuide UG in 2017, whereupon the guide became digital only, with the printed version ceasing publication.

Bruno's (German company)
Bruno's GmbH  (Bruno Gmünder GmbH) was a Berlin media company founded in 1981 as Bruno Gmünder Verlag. The German company produced media and products targeted toward gay men. Originally a book publishing house, the firm became a global market leader in the development of materials that supported gay self-confidence and lifestyle. The firm received majority ownership by Bruno Gmünder until 2011.

After filing for bankruptcy in 2014, the firm was restructured and purchased again by the lawyer, Frank Zahn with Bruno Gmünder as a minority shareholder.

Bruno Gmünder Verlag was dissolved in 2017, with the retail division becoming Bruno's and the publishing division sold to the publishing company Salzgeber & Co Medien GmbH in September 2018.
Ahan Shetty
Ahan Shetty (born 28 December 1995) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. The son of actor Suniel Shetty, he began his acting career with the action romance film Tadap (2021) which earned him the IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male.
He has since had his highest-grossing release portraying Major Lt Cdr Mahendra Singh Rawat in the war film Border 2 (2026).

Suniel Shetty
Suniel Shetty (born Sunil V. Shetty; 11 August 1961) is an Indian actor, film producer, television host, and entrepreneur, primarily known for his work in Hindi cinema.  Nicknamed as Anna, Shetty has appeared in over 100 films, in a career spanning over three decades. Rising to prominence in the 1990s as a leading action hero with films like Balwaan (1992), Mohra (1994), Dilwale (1994), and Border (1997), Shetty later showcased his versatility in comedies such as Hera Pheri (2000), Phir Hera Pheri (2006) and antagonistic roles, notably winning a Filmfare Award for Best Villain for Dhadkan (2000). Beyond acting, he has produced films under Popcorn Motion Pictures, co-founded the online casting platform F...the Couch (FTC), and hosted reality shows.
Salzburger emigrants
The Salzburger Emigrants were a group of German-speaking Protestant refugees from the Catholic Archbishopric of Salzburg (now in present-day Austria) that immigrated to the Georgia Colony in 1734 to escape religious persecution. This group was expelled from their homeland by Count Leopold Anton von Firmian (1679–1744), Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. On October 31, 1731, he issued an Edict of Expulsion demanding from the Salzburg Protestants to recant their faith. Pastor Samuel Urlsperger, the leader of the Society for Promotion of Christian Knowledge, called upon King George II of Great Britain for help. The King offered them refuge in his Georgia colony, which later became the town of Ebenezer.

Ebenezer, Georgia
Ebenezer, also known as New Ebenezer, is a ghost town in Effingham County, Georgia, United States, near Ebenezer Creek, on the banks of the Savannah River. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as Ebenezer Townsite and Jerusalem Lutheran Church in 1974.
Missouri University of Science and Technology Nuclear Reactor
The Missouri University of Science and Technology Nuclear Reactor (MSTR or Missouri S&TR) is a swimming pool type nuclear reactor operated by the Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T). It first achieved criticality in 1961, making it the first operational nuclear reactor in the state of Missouri. Missouri S&T operates this reactor for training, education, and research purposes.

According to the 2020–2021 Annual Progress Report submitted to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, MSTR was in use for 1,122.4 hours, including 228.4 hours while operating, and produced 13,563.19 kilowatt-hours of thermal energy.

Missouri University of Science and Technology
The Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T or S&T) is a public research university in Rolla, Missouri, United States. It is a member institution of the University of Missouri System. Most of its 6,456 students (2023) study engineering, business, sciences, and mathematics. Known primarily for its engineering school, Missouri S&T offers degree programs in business and management systems, information science and technology, sciences, social sciences, humanities, and arts. It is classified as a "STEM-dominant", R1 university with "very high research spending and doctorate production".
Rohini (Krishna's wife)
Rohini is a queen of the Hindu god Krishna, who is an avatar of the god Vishnu and the king of Dvaraka in the Dvapara Yuga (epoch). She is mentioned as a queen in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, the Vishnu Purana, the Bhagavata Purana, and the Harivamsa, an appendix of the Mahabharata. Krishna is described to have the eight principal queen-consorts, the Ashtabharya and 16,000 or 16,100 ceremonial wives; Rohini is described as one of the Ashtabharya or identified with the queen Jambavati in some lists and head of the other wives in a different list.

Junior wives of Krishna
Besides the Ashtabharya (Eight principal queens of Krishna), Krishna is described to have married several thousand women whom he rescued from the demon Narakasura. The Bhagavata Purana and the Mahabharata state that 16,000 women were rescued, however the Vishnu Purana and the Harivamsa (appendix of the Mahabharata) differ and set the number as 16,100. These 16,000 junior queens are all identified as manifestations of goddess Lakshmi, the eternal consort of Krishna or Vishnu. Generally all of them are unnamed, however many commentators of the Bhagavata Purana regard Rohini to be their leader, though such an explicit mention is not found in the scripture.
Coquí
Coquí (Spanish: [koˈki]) is a common name for several species of small frogs in the genus Eleutherodactylus, native to Puerto Rico. They are onomatopoeically named for the very loud mating call which the males of two species, the common coqui and the upland coqui, make at night. The coquí is one of the most common frogs in Puerto Rico, with more than 20 different species found within its territory, including 13 in El Yunque National Forest. Fossil and genetic evidence supports coquís having inhabited Puerto Rico for more than 30 million years. Other species of this genus can be found in the rest of the Caribbean and elsewhere in the Neotropics, in Central and South America. The coquí is an unofficial national symbol of Puerto Rico; there is a Puerto Rican expression that goes, "Soy de aquí, como el coquí", which translates to "I'm from here, like the coquí."

Common coquí
The common coquí, widely known as the coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui), is a species of frog native to Puerto Rico belonging to the family Eleutherodactylidae. The species is named for the loud call the males make at night, which serves two purposes; the "co" serves to repel other males and establish territory while the "quí" serves to attract females. The auditory systems of males and females respond preferentially to different notes of the male call, displaying sex difference in a sensory system. The common coquí is a very important aspect of Puerto Rican culture, and it has become an unofficial territorial symbol of Puerto Rico.
Seoul Metro
Seoul Transportation Corporation, branded as  Seoul Metro (Korean: 서울교통공사), is a municipal-owned corporation owned by Seoul Metropolitan Government, and one of the two major operators of Seoul Metropolitan Subway with Korail.

Korail
The Korea Railroad Corporation (Korean: 한국철도공사; Hanja: 韓國鐵道公社) is the national railway operator in South Korea. It is branded as KORAIL (코레일) and changed its official Korean name (한국철도; 韓國鐵道) in November 2019. Currently, KORAIL is a government-owned corporation, managed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation.

KORAIL operates intercity/regional, commuter/metro and freight trains throughout South Korea, and has its headquarters in Daejeon.
Prom at the Palace
The Prom at the Palace was a classical music concert held in London in 2002, in commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. It was held at Buckingham Palace Garden on 1 June 2002 and formed part of the Golden Jubilee Weekend. It was the classical equivalent of the Party at the Palace, a rock/pop music event. Its name reflects the popular season of classical concerts held at the Royal Albert Hall, The Proms. The event was broadcast by the BBC and shown in more than 40 countries. It was directed by Nicholas Kenyon.

Party at the Palace
The Party at the Palace was a rock/pop music concert held at Buckingham Palace Garden in London on 3 June 2002. The event was in commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II held over the Golden Jubilee Weekend. It was the pop/rock equivalent of the Prom at the Palace, that showcased classical music. 10 years later the Diamond Jubilee Concert for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee was held in 2012, followed by the Platinum Party at the Palace for the Queen's Platinum Jubilee in 2022.
Henry Thrale
Henry Thrale (1724/1730?–4 April 1781) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1765 to 1780. He was a close friend of Samuel Johnson. Like his father, he was the proprietor of the large London brewery H. Thrale & Co.

Born at the Alehouse in Harrow Corner, Southwark, he was the son of the rich brewer Ralph Thrale (1698–1758) and Mary Thrale. He married Hester Lynch Salusbury on 11 October 1763; they had 12 children, and she outlived him. He was MP for Southwark 23 December 1765 – September 1780, an Alderman, and Sheriff of the City of London: a respected, religious man who was a good hunter and sportsman with a taste for gambling.

Hester Thrale
Hester Lynch Thrale Piozzi (née Salusbury; 27 January 1741 or 16 January 1740 – 2 May 1821) was a Welsh writer and socialite who was an important source on Samuel Johnson and 18th-century British life. She belonged to the prominent Salusbury family of Anglo-Welsh landowners, and married firstly a wealthy brewer, Henry Thrale, with whom she had 12 children, then a music teacher, Gabriel Mario Piozzi. Her Anecdotes of the Late Samuel Johnson (1786) and her diary Thraliana, published posthumously in 1942, are the main works for which she is remembered. She also wrote a popular history book, a travel book, and a dictionary. She has been seen as a protofeminist.
Overhook
In wrestling, an overhook is a clinch hold that is used to control the opponent. It is sometimes incorrectly called a wizard, which is a malapropism of whizzer (when the opponent's armpit and shoulder are lifted with an overhook hold, usually done against leg takedown attacks). An overhook is performed from any direction by putting an arm over the opponent's arm, and encircling the opponent's arm or upper body. Having an overhook with one arm is called a single overhook, while having overhooks with both arms is known as double overhooks. 
Overhooks are typically employed in response to underhooks by an opponent.

Underhook
An underhook is a clinch hold that is used in grappling to control the opponent. It is performed from any direction by putting an arm under the opponent's arm, and holding the opponent's midsection or upper body. Having an underhook with one arm is called a single underhook, while having underhooks with both arms is known as double underhooks. The typical response to an underhook is to try to break it, or to establish an overhook.
Amravati division
Amravati Division, also known as Varhad, is an Indian one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. Amravati and Nagpur divisions constitute the ancient Vidarbha region. Amravati Division is bound by Madhya Pradesh state to the north, Nagpur Division to the east, Telangana state to the southeast, Marathwada region (Aurangabad Division) to the south and southwest, and Nashik Division to the west.

Area: 46,090 km2

Population (2011 census): 11,258,117

Districts: Akola, Amravati, Buldhana, Washim, Yavatmal

Largest City: Amravati

Literacy: 93.03%

Area under irrigation: 2,582.02 km2

Railways: broad gauge 249 km, meter gauge 227 km, narrow gauge 188 km.

Amravati district
Amravati district (Marathi pronunciation: [əmɾaːʋət̪iː]) is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. It is the administrative headquarter of Amravati division, which is one of the two divisions in Vidarbha (other being Nagpur), out of total 6 regions in state of Maharashtra.

The district is situated between 20°32' and 21°46' north latitudes and 76°37' and 78°27' east longitudes. The district occupies an area of 12,235 km2. The district has boundaries with Betul District of Madhya Pradesh state to the north, and with the Maharashtra districts of Nagpur to the northeast, Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh to the northeast Wardha to the east, Yavatmal to the south, Washim to the southwest, and Akola and Buldhana districts to the west.
Bob Orton
Robert Keith Orton Sr. (July 21, 1929  – July 16, 2006) was an American professional wrestler. The patriarch of the Orton wrestling family, his two sons Bob Orton Jr. and Barry Orton, and grandson Randy Orton, have all wrestled professionally. To distinguish between him and his son, he is also known as Bob Orton Sr. Bob Orton Sr. was often referred to by his nickname "The Big O".

Barry Orton
Randal Berry Orton (May 28, 1958 – March 19, 2021) was an American professional wrestler and actor. He was a son of professional wrestler Bob Orton, brother of professional wrestler Bob Orton Jr., and uncle of professional wrestler Randy Orton.
Professor of Modern History (Glasgow)
The Chair of Modern History at the University of Glasgow was founded in 1893 as the Chair of History.  In 1956 the title was changed to Modern History to reflect the establishment of the Edwards Chair of Medieval History. It is the second-oldest chair of history in the United Kingdom outside of Oxbridge.

Edwards Professor of Medieval History
The Edwards Professor of Medieval History is a prestigious professorship at the University of Glasgow, in Scotland. Initially established in 1955 as the Chair of Medieval History, it was later renamed in 1989 to honor John Edwards, a renowned Glasgow scholar and antiquarian who lived from 1846 to 1937.
Toska
Toska is an island in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  The 5-square-kilometre (1.9 sq mi) island lies just west of the island of Radøy in the Hjeltefjorden, at the entrance to the Radfjorden.

A road connection from the village of Manger (on the island of Radøy) to the island of Toska was completed in 1989.  The island is a popular holiday destination. Toska has about 40 inhabitants, mostly living in the village of Toska, also known as Vestevågen.

There are still a few farmers left on the island, but most residents work in other professions, with many commuting to neighboring villages and even to the city of Bergen.

Radøy (island)
Radøy is an island in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 101.3-square-kilometre (39.1 sq mi) island is located east of Fedjefjorden. The highest point of the island is the 217-metre (712 ft) tall Morkefjellet.

The island lies in the Nordhordland region of the county. The Hjeltefjorden and Radfjorden flow along the western coast and the Lurefjorden and Radsundet flow along the eastern coast. The island of Fosnøyna lies to the north of Radøy, the island of Toska lies to the west, the island of Holsnøy lies to the south, and the Lindås peninsula lies to the east.

The island had a population of 6,176 inhabitants in 2017, with the largest urban areas being the village of Manger on the west-central coast and the village of Bøvågen on the northern coast. Radøy is connected to the mainland via the Alversund Bridge on the southern tip of the island.
Nasdaq Dubai
Nasdaq Dubai is a Dubai-based stock exchange that lists regional and international shares in the Middle East. Through the exchange, regional issuers can access regional and international investment. International issuers can access investment from the region, through a primary or dual listing.

The NASDAQ Dubai region includes the United Arab Emirates and the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the wider Middle East and North Africa, Turkey and the Indian sub-continent.

The majority shareholder of NASDAQ Dubai is DFM, which acquired two thirds of the shares in May 2010 from Borse Dubai and NASDAQ OMX Group. Borse Dubai still owns one third of the shares.

NASDAQ Dubai is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre, a financial free zone. The exchange is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority.

Dubai Financial Market
The Dubai Financial Market (DFM; Arabic: سوق دبي المالي) is a stock exchange located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was founded on 26 March 2000.

At the end of March 2025, the market capitalization of the Dubai stock exchange listed companies reached 897 billion AED (244 billion US$).
Glorit
Glorit is a rural community in the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. State Highway 16 runs through the area, connecting to Tauhoa 12 km to the north and Helensville to the south.

The settlement was established in 1868 and celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2018.

Two marae are located south of the main settlement: Araparera Marae or Te Aroha Pā and its Kia Mahara meeting house, and Kakanui Marae and Te Kia Ora meeting house. Both are tribal meeting grounds for Ngāti Rāngo, Ngāti Whātua and Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara.

A falling transmission tower at Glorit caused a power outage on 20 June 2024 that affected almost 100,000 properties in Northland, which is most of the region. The fallen tower was visible from SH16.

Tauhoa
Tauhoa is a rural community in the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island.

State Highway 16 runs through the area, connecting to Wellsford 15 km to the north-east and Glorit 12 km to the south. Te Pahi Stream flows through the area and into the Tauhoa River, which drains into the southern Kaipara Harbour to the west.
Pantouflage
The term pantouflage refers to a practice by which high-level French civil servants, usually former students of the École Polytechnique or the École nationale d'administration, obtain work in private enterprise. In use, the term can be applied to all civil servants, not just those who attain notoriety. In American contexts, this concept is known by economists as a revolving door. The practice is often viewed negatively by the public.

Revolving door (politics)
In politics, a revolving door denotes a situation where legislators, regulators, or personnel in the public sector moves to a similar position in the private sector, where many work in fields related to lobbying. It is analogous to the movement of people in a physical revolving door, hence its name. Critics assert that such a relationship between the government and private sector can lead to conflict of interest and regulatory capture, based on the granting of reciprocated privileges between them.

The term has also been used to refer to the constant switching and ousting of political leaders from office, such as in Australia (which changed Prime Ministers 6 times from 2007 to 2018), interwar Yugoslavia, and Japan.