hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lineage (anthropology)
In anthropology, a lineage is a unilineal descent group that traces its ancestry to a demonstrably shared ancestor, known as the apical ancestor. Lineages are formed through relationships traced either exclusively through the maternal line (matrilineage), paternal line (patrilineage), or some combination of both (ambilineal). The cultural significance of matrilineal or patrilineal descent varies greatly, shaping social structures, inheritance patterns, and even rituals across societies.

Matrilineality
Matrilineality, at times called matriliny, is the tracing of kinship through the female line. It may also correlate with a social system in which people identify with their matriline, their mother's lineage, and which can involve the inheritance of property and titles. A matriline is a line of descent where a person inherits his or her mother's lineage. In a matrilineal descent system, individuals  belong to the same descent group as their mothers. The matriline of historical nobility was also called their enatic or uterine ancestry, in contrast to the patrilineal or "agnatic" ancestry. The matriline is also sometimes referred to as the "distaff" side or "spindle" side.
Trimethylgallium
Trimethylgallium, often abbreviated to TMG or TMGa, is the organogallium compound with the formula Ga(CH3)3. It is a colorless, pyrophoric liquid. Unlike trimethylaluminium, TMG adopts a monomeric structure.  When examined in detail, the monomeric units are clearly linked by multiple weak Ga---C interactions, reminiscent of the situation for trimethylindium.

Trimethylaluminium
Trimethylaluminium or TMA is one of the simplest examples of an organoaluminium compound. Despite its name it has the formula Al2(CH3)6 (abbreviated as Al2Me6, where Me stands for methyl), as it exists as a dimer. This colorless liquid is pyrophoric. It is an industrially important compound, closely related to triethylaluminium.
Farnley Tyas
Farnley Tyas is a village in the parish of Kirkburton, in the Kirklees district, in the county of West Yorkshire, England 3 miles (4.8 km) south east of Huddersfield. It is located on a hilltop between Almondbury, Castle Hill, Thurstonland and Honley. It is mostly rural and farmland with private housing and some local authority social housing. In 1921 the parish had a population of 486.

The village has a public house, the Golden Cock Inn, a First School catering for around 50 children aged from four to ten years old, a bowling club and a small sports field. St Lucius' Church, along with All Hallows' and St Michael and St Helen's Churches in Almondbury form the Parish of Almondbury with Farnley Tyas.

Kirkburton
Kirkburton is a village, civil parish and ward in Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It is 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Huddersfield. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the township comprised the villages of Kirkburton and Highburton and several hamlets, including Thunder Bridge, Thorncliffe, Storthes Hall and Linfit. According to the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 26,439, while the village had a population of 4,299.
Whalebone (horse)
Whalebone (1807 – 6 February 1831) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1810 Epsom Derby and was a successful sire of racehorses and broodmares in the 1820s. Whalebone and his full-brother Whisker were produced by the prolific and important broodmare Penelope, and they contributed to the perpetuation of the genetic line (tail-male) of their sire Waxy and grandsire Eclipse into the 20th century. Whalebone raced until he was six years old and was retired to stud at Petworth in 1815. Whalebone sired the Derby winners Lap-dog, Spaniel and may have been the sire of Moses. Other notable sons are Sir Hercules and Camel, the sire of Touchstone. Whalebone died in 1831 at the age of 24 of hemorrhage after covering a mare.

Whisker (horse)
Whisker (1812 – 11 March 1832) was a Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1815 Epsom Derby and was a full-brother of the 1810 winner Whalebone. Whisker raced until he was a six-year-old, but did not race in 1817. Whisker was retired to stud in 1819, where he became a successful and influential sire. The offspring of Whisker and Whalebone continued the sire-line of Eclipse into the 20th century.
Tiye
Tiye (c. 1398 BC – 1338 BC, also spelled Tye, Taia, Tiy and Tiyi) was the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III, mother of pharaoh Akhenaten and grandmother of pharaoh Tutankhamun; her parents were Yuya and Thuya. In 2010, DNA analysis confirmed her as the mummy known as "The Elder Lady" found in the tomb of Amenhotep II (KV35) in 1898.

Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III  (lit. '"Amun is satisfied"'), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great and Hellenized as Amenophis III, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. According to different authors following the "Low Chronology", he ruled Ancient Egypt from June 1386 to 1349 BC, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC, after his father Thutmose IV died. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife, Mutemwiya.

His reign marked a time of exceptional prosperity and grandeur, during which Egypt reached the height of its artistic and international influence, making him one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs. He is also one of the few pharaohs worshipped as a deity during his lifetime.

When he died in the 38th or 39th year of his reign, he was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to Akhenaten.
Faizullah Khan
Nawab Faizullah Ali Khan (c. 1730 – 17 July 1794) became the first Nawab of Rampur. Following the defeat of the Rohillas in the First Rohilla War, Faizullah, the only surviving heir of Nawab Ali Mohammed Khan and opponent of the forces of Awadh and the British East India Company in the war, was installed as the ruler of the newly created Rampur State. The state was carved out of the dismembered Kingdom of Rohilkhand. It bordered the Maratha Confederacy to the south, making it a strategically significant territory. Under the tutelage of the East India Company, Faizullah ruled peacefully for 20 years. The capital, Rampur, was founded during his reign, and the Raza Library collection was initiated.

Rohilla
Rohillas are a community of Pashtun heritage, historically found in Rohilkhand, a region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It forms the largest Pashtun diaspora community in India, and has given its name to the Rohilkhand region. The Rohilla military chiefs settled in this region of northern India in the 1720s, the first of whom was Ali Mohammed Khan.

The Rohillas are found all over Uttar Pradesh, but are more concentrated in the Rohilkhand regions of Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. After the 1947 Partition of India, many of the Rohillas migrated to Karachi, Pakistan as a part of the Muhajir community.
Trinity Green
Trinity Green is a public park located on the edge of Stockton Town Centre in Stockton-on-Tees, England. The park is dominated by the preserved ruins and Grade II* listed building of Holy Trinity Church which was gutted by fire in Autumn 1991. Trinity Green was given to the town of Stockton by Bishop William van Mildert at the start of the 19th century, and now serves a space open to the public, hosting occasional cultural and community events.

Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in County Durham, England, with a population of 84,815 at the 2021 UK census. It gives its name to and is the largest settlement in the wider Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. It is part of Teesside and the Tees Valley, on the northern bank of the River Tees.

The River Tees was straightened in the early 19th century, so that larger ships could access the town. The ports have since relocated closer to the North Sea, and ships are no longer able to sail from the sea to the town. This is due to the building of the Tees Barrage, which was installed to manage tidal flooding. The Stockton and Darlington Railway served the port during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The railway was also the world's first permanent steam-powered passenger railway.
Vizianagaram
Vizianagaram, also known as Vijayanagaram, is a city and the headquarters of the Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Eastern Ghats, about 24 km (15 mi) west of the Bay of Bengal and 40 km (25 mi) north-northeast of Visakhapatnam. The city has a population of 228,025 and was established as the capital of the Vizianagaram estate by Raja Vijayaram Raj from the Pusapati dynasty. The rulers had a notable role in the history of the region in the 18th century and were patrons of education and arts.

Vizianagaram Estate
Vizianagaram Estate was a zamindari of the Madras Presidency in India. The name is derived from its founder Raja Vijayaram Raj who established a sovereign kingdom by claiming independence from the kingdom of Jeypore in 1711. It formed alliances with the French and British East India Company to annexe the neighbouring principalities of Bobbili, Kurupam, Paralakhemundi and Jeypore. However, they fell out with the British and as a result were attacked and defeated in the Battle of Padmanabham. They were annexed as a tributary estate like other principalities and remained so, until their accession to the Indian Union in 1949.
Independence Day (United States)
Independence Day, known colloquially as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States which commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States of America.

The delegates to the Second Continental Congress declared that the Thirteen Colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain, King George III, and were now united, free, and independent states. The Congress voted to approve independence by passing the Lee Resolution on July 2 and adopted the Declaration of Independence two days later, on July 4.

Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the national day of the United States.

National day
A national day is a day on which celebrations mark the statehood or nationhood of a state or its people. It may be the date of independence, of becoming a republic, of becoming a federation, or a significant date for a patron saint or a ruler (such as a birthday, accession, or removal).

The national day is often an official public holiday. Many countries have more than one national day. Denmark and the United Kingdom are the only countries without a national day. Denmark has what is not a public holiday but an unofficial celebration called Constitution Day. National days emerged with the age of nationalism, with most appearing during the 19th and 20th centuries.

National day may also be known as Independence Day, Liberation Day, or Republic Day, depending on the nation, and its history.
SO(10)
In particle physics, SO(10) refers to a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) based on the spin group Spin(10).  The shortened name SO(10) is conventional among physicists, and derives from the Lie algebra or less precisely the Lie group of SO(10), which is a special orthogonal group that is double covered by Spin(10).

SO(10) subsumes the 1974 Georgi–Glashow and Pati–Salam models, and unifies all fermions in a generation into a single field.  This requires 12 new gauge bosons, in addition to the 12 of SU(5) (Georgi–Glashow model) and 9 of SU(4) × SU(2) × SU(2) (Pati–Salam model).

Pati–Salam model
In physics, the Pati–Salam model is a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed in 1974 by Jogesh Pati and Abdus Salam. Like other GUTs, its goal is to explain the seeming arbitrariness and complexity of the Standard Model in terms of a simpler, more fundamental theory that unifies, what are in the Standard Model, disparate particles and forces. The Pati–Salam unification is based on there being four quark color charges, dubbed red, green, blue and violet (or originally lilac), instead of the conventional three, with the new "violet" quark being identified with the leptons. The model also has left–right symmetry and predicts the existence of a high energy right handed weak interaction with heavy W' and Z' bosons and right-handed neutrinos.

Originally the fourth color was labelled "lilac" to alliterate with "lepton". Pati–Salam is an alternative to the Georgi–Glashow SU(5) unification also proposed in 1974. Both can be embedded within an SO(10) unification model.
Extra EA-200
The Extra 200 (Type EA-200) is a two-seat, tandem arrangement, low-wing aerobatic monoplane with conventional (taildragger) landing gear fully capable of Unlimited category competition, built by Extra Flugzeugbau.

Designed by Walter Extra, it was introduced to the United States market in 1996.  The Extra 200 is slightly smaller than the Extra 300, and is powered by a 200 hp (150 kW) rather than the Extra 300's 300 hp (220 kW) Lycoming engine. It offers the flying characteristics of the EA-300, is capable of all unlimited maneuvers, and makes a great all-round training/sports aerobatic aircraft.

Extra EA-300
The Extra Flugzeugbau EA300 is a two-seat aerobatic monoplane capable of Unlimited category competition. It was designed in 1987 by Walter Extra, a German aerobatic pilot, and built by Extra Flugzeugbau.
Hewlett Bay Park, New York
Hewlett Bay Park is a village located within the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 494 at the time of the 2020 census.

The area, like Back/Old Lawrence is unique because its rural affluence is similar in character to the more well known Gold Coast of the North Shore instead of being more urbanized like the rest of the South Shore of Nassau County.

Hewlett Bay Park is usually included as one of the Five Towns in the southwestern corner of Nassau County. In the context of the Five Towns, "The Hewletts" or "Hewlett" is often used to refer collectively to the hamlet of Hewlett, together with the villages of Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett Harbor and Hewlett Neck. The Five Towns is usually said to comprise the villages of Lawrence and Cedarhurst, the hamlets of Woodmere and Inwood, and "The Hewletts", along with Woodsburgh.

Lawrence, Nassau County, New York
Lawrence is a village within the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is located adjacent to the border with the New York City borough of Queens to the west and is near the Reynolds Channel to the south. The population was 6,809 at the time of the 2020 census.

Lawrence is one of the "Five Towns," which consist of the villages of Lawrence and Cedarhurst, the hamlets (unincorporated areas) of Woodmere and Inwood, and "The Hewletts", which is made up of the hamlet of Hewlett together with the villages of Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett Harbor and Hewlett Neck, along with Woodsburgh.
Amaravathi Dam
The Amaravathi Dam is a dam constructed across the  Amaravathi River. It is located at Amaravathinagar, 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Udumalpet on SH 17 in the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Tirupur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The associated Amaravathi Reservoir  is 9.31 square kilometres (3.59 sq mi) in area and 33.53 metres (110.0 ft) deep. The dam was built primarily for irrigation and flood control and now also has four megawatts of electrical generating capacity installed. It is notable for the significant population of mugger crocodiles living in its reservoir and catchment basin.

Anamalai Tiger Reserve
Anamalai Tiger Reserve, earlier known as Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park and as Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary, is a protected area in the Anaimalai Hills of Pollachi and Valparai taluks of Coimbatore District and Udumalaipettai taluk in Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu, India. The Tamil Nadu Environment and Forests Department by a notification dated 27 June 2007, declared an extent of 958.59 km2 that encompassed the erstwhile IGWLS&NP or Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary, as Anaimalai Tiger Reserve under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. According to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, the Reserve presently includes a core area of 958.59 km2 and buffer/peripheral area of 521.28 km2 forming a total area of 1479.87 km2.
2025–26 Malaysia A2 Amateur League
The 2025–26 Malaysia A2 Amateur League (Malay: Liga Amatur A2 Malaysia), formerly known as the Malaysia M4 League and Al-Ikhsan Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the fourth season of the Malaysia A2 Amateur League, the third tier football league of the Malaysian football league system.

Guar Syed Alwi (now Perlis GSA) were the defending champions, but will not defend the title as they compete in the 2025–26 Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League. This year, the AFL has given 2 quotas of imported players under the age of 21 to each team competing.

2025–26 Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League
The 2025–26 Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League is the fifth season of the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League, currently the second tier football league in Malaysia, since its establishment in 2019. Melaka will not defend the title as they compete in the 2025–26 Malaysia Super League.
Sonic Temple (festival)
Sonic Temple Art & Music Festival, or simply Sonic Temple, is a hard rock and metal festival held in Columbus, Ohio, United States at the Historic Crew Stadium. The inaugural festival was held in May 2019, replacing the previously annual Rock on the Range. Sonic Temple was to return in 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which put the festival on hiatus until its return in 2023 and it has been held annually since.

Rock on the Range
Rock on the Range was an annual rock festival that was held at two locations. The first and main location was in Columbus, Ohio, United States at Mapfre Stadium (originally Columbus Crew Stadium; renamed in 2015) from 2007 to 2018, while the other was in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada at the Canad Inns Stadium from 2009 to 2011. Rock on the Range debuted in Columbus on May 19, 2007, and in Winnipeg on June 27, 2009. The Columbus festival was always held in May, while the Winnipeg festival was pushed back to August in 2010. In May 2019, Rock on the Range was replaced by the Sonic Temple Art & Music Festival.
Dawlish Warren
Dawlish Warren is a seaside resort near to the town of Dawlish, in Teignbridge on the south coast of Devon, England.  At the 2021 census, it had a population of 1,190.  Dawlish Warren consists almost entirely of holiday accommodation and facilities for holidaymakers, especially on caravan sites.

Dawlish
Dawlish /ˈdɔːlɪʃ/ is a seaside resort town and civil parish in the Teignbridge district of Devon, England. It is located on the south coast, 12 miles (19 km) south of the city of Exeter and a similar distance from the town of Torquay. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 15,257, which was 16% more than the 13,161 recorded in 2011.  Dawlish had grown in the 18th century from a small fishing port into a seaside resort, as had its near neighbour, Teignmouth, in the 19th century.
Oberliga Hamburg
The Oberliga Hamburg, sometimes referred to as Hamburg-Liga, is the highest league in the German state of Hamburg, incorporating some of its surrounding districts. It is one of fourteen Oberligen in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system.

Oberliga (football)
The Oberliga (German: [ˈoːbɐˌliːɡa], "Upper League"; plural: Oberligen) is the fifth tier of the German football league system. Before the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008, it was the fourth tier.  At the end of the 2011–12 season, the number of Oberligas was increased from eleven to fourteen.

With the exception of the Nazi-era Gauliga, the term Oberliga (equivalent to Premier League in English) was used prior to the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963 for first-division leagues in West Germany. Between 1978–94 the term Amateuroberliga was used for third-tier leagues, which were then the highest level of amateur play in the country. The current usage of the designation Oberliga was introduced in 1994. In East Germany a separate league structure was in place from 1948–1990 and the top flight division there was known as the DDR-Oberliga.
Tosnensky District
Tosnensky District (Russian: То́сненский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southwestern part of the oblast and borders with Kirovsky District in the north, Kirishsky District in the east, Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southeast, Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the south, Luzhsky District in the southwest, Gatchinsky District in the west, and Pushkinsky and Kolpinsky Districts of the federal city of Saint Petersburg in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,585.4 square kilometers (1,384.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tosno. Population (excluding the administrative center): 83,898 (2010 Census); 77,194 (2002 Census); 78,500 (1989 Soviet census).

Gatchinsky District
Gatchinsky District (Russian: Га́тчинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern central part of the oblast and borders with Krasnoselsky, Moskovsky, and Pushkinsky Districts of the federal city of St. Petersburg in the north, Tosnensky District in the east, Luzhsky District in the south, Volosovsky District in the west, and with Lomonosovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,868.7 square kilometers (1,107.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gatchina. Population (excluding the administrative center): 140,210 (2010 Census); 132,010 (2002 Census); 138,022 (1989 Soviet census).
Suxian, Chenzhou
Suxian District (Chinese: 苏仙区; pinyin: Sūxiān Qū) is one of two urban districts in the prefecture-level city of Chenzhou, Hunan province, China.

The district is located in the northeastern part of the city proper. It is bordered to the north by Yongxing County, to the northeast by Zixing City, to the southeast by Yizhang County, to the southwest by Beihu District, and to the west by Guiyang County. Suxian District covers an area of 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi), and  as of 2015, it had a registered population of 379,400 and a permanent resident population of 426,900. The district has six subdistricts and eight towns under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Suxianling Subdistrict (苏仙岭街道).

Suxianling
Suxianling Subdistrict (Chinese: 苏仙岭街道; pinyin: Sūxiānlǐng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict and the seat of Suxian District in Chenzhou Prefecture-level City, Hunan, China. The subdistrict was formed through the amalgamation of part of Beihu Subdistrict (Chinese: 北湖街道) and  part of Nanta Subdistrict (Chinese: 南塔街道) in April 1983. It has an area of 5.7 km2 (2.2 sq mi) with a population of 72,400 (as of 2012). Its seat is at Suxianling Community (Chinese: 苏仙岭社区).