hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Macroblock
The macroblock is a processing unit in image and video compression formats based on linear block transforms, typically the discrete cosine transform (DCT). A macroblock typically consists of 16×16 samples, and is further subdivided into transform blocks, and may be further subdivided into prediction blocks. Formats which are based on macroblocks include JPEG, where they are called MCU blocks, H.261, MPEG-1 Part 2, H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2, H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. In H.265/HEVC, the macroblock as a basic processing unit has been replaced by the coding tree unit.

Video compression picture types
In the field of video compression, a video frame is compressed using different algorithms with different advantages and disadvantages, centered mainly around amount of data compression.  These different algorithms for video frames are called picture types or frame types.  The three major picture types used in the different video algorithms are I, P and B.  They are different in the following characteristics:

I‑frames are the least compressible but don't require other video frames to decode.

P‑frames can use data from previous frames to decompress and are more compressible than I‑frames.

B‑frames can use both previous and forward frames for data reference to get the highest amount of data compression.
Mohammad Abbasi
Mohammad Abbasi (Persian: محمد عباسی, born 28 February 1958) is an Iranian politician who is the former minister of youth affairs and sports. He was Minister of Cooperatives in the first and second Cabinet of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from 2005 to 2011.

Ministry of Sport and Youth (Iran)
The Ministry of Sport and Youth (Persian: وزارت ورزش و جوانان جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Vezârat-è Varzeš-o javânân-è Jomhuri-è Eslâmi-ye Irân) is the government ministry of youth affairs and sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It was founded in 2010 after the Physical Education Organization was dissolved.
Turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of both water clarity and water quality.

Fluids can contain suspended solid matter consisting of particles of many different sizes. While some suspended material will be large enough and heavy enough to settle rapidly to the bottom of the container if a liquid sample is left to stand (the settable solids), very small particles will settle only very slowly or not at all if the sample is regularly agitated or the particles are colloidal. These small solid particles cause the liquid to appear turbid.

Turbidity (or haze) is also applied to transparent solids such as glass or plastic. In plastic production, haze is defined as the percentage of light that is deflected more than 2.5° from the incoming light direction.

Nephelometer
A nephelometer or aerosol photometer is an instrument for measuring the concentration of suspended particulates in a liquid or gas colloid. A nephelometer measures suspended particulates by employing a light beam (source beam) and a light detector set to one side (often 90°) of the source beam. Particle density is then a function of the light reflected into the detector from the particles. To some extent, how much light reflects for a given density of particles is dependent upon properties of the particles such as their shape, color, and reflectivity. Nephelometers are calibrated to a known particulate, then use environmental factors (k-factors)  to compensate lighter or darker colored dusts accordingly. K-factor is determined by the user by running the nephelometer next to an air sampling pump and comparing results. There are a wide variety of research-grade nephelometers on the market as well as open source varieties.
Red Rock, New South Wales
Red Rock is a small hamlet in the northern beaches of the Coffs Harbour coast beside the banks of the Corindi River on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, and is surrounded by National Parks. It is in the City of Coffs Harbour local government area. At the 2016 census, Red Rock had a population of 303 people.

The Red Rock headland, from which the town takes its name, is 20 metres (66 ft) high, is named for its vivid colour caused by the amount of rock jasper, an opaque silica, in its composition. This formation is believed to be more than 300 million years old.

The Traditional Owners of Red Rock and the surrounding areas are the Gumbaynggirr people who have occupied this land for thousands of years.

Gumbaynggirr
The Gumbaynggirr people, also rendered Kumbainggar, Gumbangeri and other variant spellings, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Mid North Coast of New South Wales. Gumbathagang was a probable clan or sub-group. The traditional lands of the Gumbaynggirr nation stretch from Tabbimoble Yamba-Clarence River to Ngambaa-Stuarts Point, SWR- Macleay to Guyra and to Oban.
Dale K. Myers
Dale K. Myers (born 1955) is an American animator, voice actor, author, director, screenwriter, producer and John F. Kennedy assassination researcher. He was honored in 2004 with an Emmy Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for his computer-animated recreation of the Kennedy assassination featured in ABC News' 40th anniversary television special, Peter Jennings Reporting: The Kennedy Assassination — Beyond Conspiracy (2003). He is also noted for authoring, With Malice: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Murder of Officer J. D. Tippit (1998) and Computer Animation: Expert Advice on Breaking Into the Business. (1999).

J. D. Tippit
J. D. Tippit (September 18, 1924 – November 22, 1963) was an American World War II U.S. Army veteran and Bronze Star recipient, who was a police officer with the Dallas Police Department from 1952 to 1963. On November 22, 1963, less than an hour after the assassination of president John F. Kennedy, Tippit was shot and killed in a residential neighborhood in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was initially arrested for the murder of Tippit and was subsequently charged with killing Kennedy, but he was murdered by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner, two days later, before he could be tried. In 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that Tippit was killed by Oswald acting alone, though Tippit's murder has spawned alternative scenarios from Kennedy assassination conspiracy theorists.
Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal
Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal, a major component of the Port of New York and New Jersey, is the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving the New York metropolitan area and the northeastern quadrant of North America.

Located on Newark Bay, the facility is run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Its two components, Port Newark and the Elizabeth Marine Terminal (sometimes called Port Elizabeth) sit side by side within the cities of Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey, just east of the New Jersey Turnpike and Newark Liberty International Airport.

New York Harbor
New York Harbor is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay. It is at the mouth of the Hudson River near the East River tidal estuary on the East Coast of the United States.

New York Harbor is generally synonymous with  Upper New York Bay, which is enclosed by the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island and the Hudson County, New Jersey, municipalities of Jersey City and Bayonne, although in colloquial usage it can sometimes expand to cover Upper and Lower New York Bay. New York Harbor is one of the largest natural harbors in the world.
Zvhil (Hasidic dynasty)
Zvhil is the name of a Hasidic dynasty, with adherents today in Jerusalem, Boston, and New York.

The dynasty originated with Rabbi Moshe of Zvhil, the son of Rabbi Yechiel Michl, the "Magid of Zlotshev". He was also the grandson of Rabbi Yitzchok of Drubitsh and Rabbi Aharon of Karlin. As in several inter-related Hasidic dynasties, family tradition held that Rabbi Moshe was a descendant of King David.

Rabbi Moshe died in 1831 and was succeeded by his son Rabbi Yechiel Michl Goldman of Zvhil. The last rebbe to reside in Zvhil was Grand Rabbi Yaakov Yisroel Korff.  Rabbi Yaakov Yisroel was also the Tsar-appointed Chief Rabbi of Russia.

The town of Zvhil (Ukrainian: Zvyahel) is located in Volhynia, in present-day Ukraine. Today it is known as Zviahel. The Jewish version of the name, Zvhil, instead of Zvyahel can be attributed to the similarity between Zvhil and Zvul (one of the holy names for the ancient Jewish Temple in Hebrew, pronounced 'Zvil' by Ukrainian Jews).

Yechiel Michel of Zlotshov
Rabbi Yechiel Michel of Zloczow (Hebrew: יחיאל מיכל מזלוטשוב) (1725/1726 – 15 September 1781), known as The Maggid of Zloczow, was one of the disciples of the Baal Shem Tov and the Maggid of Mezeritch.
Hugh Joseph Gaffey
Major General Hugh Joseph Gaffey (November 18, 1895 – June 16, 1946) was a senior United States Army officer. He was a career officer who served in both World War I and World War II. Maj. Gen. Hugh J. Gaffey commanded the XXIII Corps (United States) (17 March 1945 – August 1945) during and through World War II.

XXIII Corps (United States)
The XXIII Corps was a corps-sized formation of the United States Army that was activated on 15 January 1944 at Camp Bowie, Texas during World War II. During the war, XXIII Corps served in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) as part of the Fifteenth Army.

After the end of the war the corps was inactivated on 10 February 1946 in Germany and disbanded on 12 July 1950.
Henry Ainsworth
Henry Ainsworth (1571–1622) was an English Nonconformist clergyman and scholar. He led the Ancient Church, a Brownist or English Separatist congregation in Amsterdam alongside Francis Johnson from 1597, and after their split led his own congregation. His translations of and commentaries on the Hebrew scriptures were influential for centuries.

Brownists
The Brownists were a Christian group in 16th-century England. They were a group of English Dissenters or early Separatists from the Church of England. They were named after Robert Browne, who was born at Tolethorpe Hall in Rutland, England, in the 1550s. The terms Brownists or Separatists were used to describe them by outsiders; they were known as Saints among themselves.

A majority of the Separatists aboard the Mayflower in 1620 were Brownists, and the Pilgrims were known into the 20th century as the Brownist Emigration.

The Brownists were eventually absorbed into the Mennonite Church, while others joined the Baptist Church.
Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth. In the context of the upper jaw, they are also known as fangs. They can appear more flattened, however, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They developed and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Individuals of most species that develop them normally have four, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most species, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. 
The four canines in humans are the two upper maxillary canines and the two lower mandibular canines.
They are specially prominent in dogs (Canidae), hence the name.

Fang
A fang is a long, pointed tooth. In mammals, a fang is a modified maxillary tooth, used for biting and tearing flesh. In snakes, it is a specialized tooth that is associated with a venom gland (see snake venom). Spiders also have external fangs, which are part of the chelicerae.

Fangs are most common in carnivores or omnivores, but some herbivores, such as fruit bats, have them as well. They are generally used to hold or swiftly kill prey, such as in large cats. Omnivorous animals, such as bears, use their fangs when hunting fish or other prey, but they are not needed for consuming fruit. Some apes also have fangs, which they use for threats and fighting. However, the relatively short canines of humans are not considered to be fangs.
High Rhine Railway
The High Rhine Railway (German: Hochrheinbahn) is a Deutsche Bahn railway line from Basel Badischer Bahnhof in the city of Basel to Konstanz on Lake Constance. It was built by the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways as part of the Baden Mainline, which follows the Rhine upstream from Mannheim Hauptbahnhof to Konstanz. The line derives its name from the High Rhine (Hochrhein), which it follows between Basel and Waldshut and on a short section in Schaffhausen.

The line crosses the Germany–Switzerland border three times and passes through Swiss territory two times within the canton of Basel-Stadt and whilst crossing the main part of the canton of Schaffhausen. The other sections of the line run through the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Schaffhausen station is congruemtly owned by Deutsche Bahn (DB) and SBB Infrastructure, while the line is operated throughout by DB, and parts by SBB GmbH and Thurbo.

Germany–Switzerland border
The border between the modern states of Germany and Switzerland extends to 362 kilometres (225 mi), mostly following Lake Constance and the High Rhine (Hochrhein), with territories to the north mostly belonging to Germany and territories to the south mainly to Switzerland. Exceptions are the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen, the Rafzerfeld and hamlet of Nohl of the canton of Zürich, Bettingen and Riehen municipalities and part of the city of Basel in the canton of Basel-City (these regions of Switzerland all lie north of the High Rhine) and the old town of the German city of Konstanz, which is located south of the Seerhein. The canton of Schaffhausen is located almost entirely on the northern side of the High Rhine, with the exception of the southern part of the municipality of Stein am Rhein. The German municipality of Büsingen am Hochrhein is an enclave surrounded by Swiss territory.
Reuven Feinstein
Sholom Reuven Feinstein (Hebrew: שלום ראובן פיינשטיין; born August 1937) is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and rosh yeshiva of the Yeshiva of Staten Island, New York. He is the younger of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's two sons, the leading posek of post-war America.

Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem
Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (MTJ) (Hebrew: מתיבתא תפארת ירושלים, Mesivta Tiferet Yerushaláyim) is a yeshiva on the Lower East Side of New York City. One of the oldest yeshivas in the city, MTJ was once led by Moshe Feinstein. A second campus, known as Yeshiva of Staten Island, is located in Staten Island, New York. The suburban campus contains a high school, college, post-college facilities and a dormitory.
Kincardine, Ontario
Kincardine (/ˌkɪnˈkɑːrdən/ kin-KAR-dən) is a municipality located on the shores of Lake Huron in Bruce County in the province of Ontario, Canada.  The current municipality was created on January 1, 1999, by the amalgamation of the Town of Kincardine, the Township of Kincardine, and the Township of Bruce.

The municipality had a population of 12,268 in the 2021 Canadian census.

Kincardine, Ontario (community)
Kincardine is a community and former town, located in the municipality of Kincardine on the shores of Lake Huron in Bruce County in the province of Ontario, Canada. The namesake town is located at the mouth of the Penetangore River, and was founded in 1848 by the name of Penetangore.  The current municipality was created in 1999 by the amalgamation of the Town of Kincardine, the Township of Kincardine, and the Township of Bruce. The former town is Ward 1 within the current municipal boundaries.

The locals of the area still use the former town's motto: "Where You're A Stranger Only Once".
Galindez Island
Galindez Island (65°15′S 64°15′W﻿ / ﻿65.250°S 64.250°W﻿ / -65.250; -64.250﻿ (Galindez Island)) is an island 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) long, lying immediately east of Winter Island in the Argentine Islands, Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica.
It is home to the Vernadsky Research Base.

Argentine Islands
The Argentine Islands are a group of islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago of Antarctica, situated 9 km (5 nmi) southwest of Petermann Island, and 7 km (4 nmi) northwest of Cape Tuxen on Kyiv Peninsula in Graham Land. They were discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for the Argentine Republic, in appreciation of that government's support of his expedition.
Syracuse Orange
The Syracuse Orange are the athletic teams that represent Syracuse University. The school is a member of NCAA Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference. Until 2013, Syracuse was a member of the Big East Conference.

The school's mascot is Otto the Orange. Until 2004, the teams were known as the Orangemen and Orangewomen. The men's basketball, football, wrestling, men's lacrosse, and women's basketball teams play in the JMA Wireless Dome, referred to as the JMA Dome. Other sports facilities include the nearby John A. Lally Athletics Complex, the Tennity Ice Skating Pavilion, and Drumlins Country Club.

John A. Lally Athletics Complex
The John A. Lally Athletics Complex, formerly known as Manley Field House, is a multi-purpose academic and athletics village at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. Located at the university's South Campus, it is home to 20 Syracuse Orange athletics teams and serves as a hub for over 600 student-athletes. Following announcement of a $150 million expansion plan, it was renamed the John A. Lally Athletics Complex in 2021.
Bindal Municipality
Bindal is a municipality in the Helgeland region in the extreme southwest part of Nordland county, Norway. The administrative centre is the village of Terråk. Other villages include Bindalseidet, Holm, Vassås, Horsfjord and Åbygda.

The 1,266-square-kilometre (489 sq mi) municipality is the 81st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Bindal Municipality is the 306th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,399. The municipality's population density is 1.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.1/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 10% over the previous 10-year period.

Terråk
Terråk is the administrative centre of Bindal Municipality in Nordland country, Norway. The village is located in the eastern part of the municipality, along the shore of the Sørfjorden arm of the Bindalsfjorden. The nearby Vassås Bridge connects Terråk to the village of Vassås just to the north.

Terråk is the commercial center for the municipality. Boat building has been historically important in the area, which is why the village hosts the annual Nordland boat regatta.

The 0.62-square-kilometre (150-acre) village has a population (2024) of 526 and a population density of 850 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,200/sq mi).
Adrian Knup
Adrian Knup (born 2 July 1968) is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a striker in the 1980s and 1990s.

He was capped 49 times and scored 26 goals for the Switzerland national team between 1989 and 1996, including three games at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. From 2009 to 2017 he worked as the head coach of the youth sector at FC Basel. He was also the vice president of the club between 2012 and 2017.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
Cymru North
The Cymru North is a regional football league in Wales, covering the northern half of the country. It initially had clubs with semi-professional status. Together with the Cymru South, it forms the second tier of the Welsh football league system.

The first year of its operation was 2019–20 with the Football Association of Wales owning and administering the tier 2 leagues for the first time. These changes followed from a review of the Welsh Football Pyramid. Prior to 2019, the equivalent league was the Cymru Alliance, covering North and Central Wales.

Cymru Alliance
The Cymru Alliance League (known for sponsorship reasons as Huws Gray Alliance) was a football league in north and central Wales which formed the second level of the Welsh football league system. From the 2019/20 season onwards, it was replaced by the Cymru North.

If the team which finished top of the league held a Domestic Licence, it could apply for promotion to the Welsh Premier League and was replaced by one of the bottom two teams in the Welsh Premier League.

If the league champions did not hold a Domestic Licence, then the team which finished second, if in possession of a Domestic Licence, could be promoted instead. The most successful club in the league was Caernarfon Town with three titles.

The Cymru Alliance also operated the Cymru Alliance League Cup, a knock out competition contested by members of the league

The teams also participated in Welsh Cup, the main Cup competition in Wales.
Edgewood State Hospital
Edgewood State Hospital was a tubercular/psychiatric hospital complex that formerly stood in Deer Park, New York, on Long Island. It was one of four state mental asylums built on Long Island (the others being Kings Park State Hospital, Central Islip State Hospital, and Pilgrim State Hospital), and was the last one of the four to be built.

Pilgrim Psychiatric Center
Pilgrim Psychiatric Center, formerly known as Pilgrim State Hospital, is a state-run psychiatric hospital located in Brentwood, New York. Nine months after its official opening in 1931, the hospital's patient population was 2,018. At its peak in 1954, Pilgrim State Hospital could claim to be the largest mental hospital in the U.S., with 13,875 patients. Its size has never been exceeded by any other facility, though it is now far smaller than it once was.
Jurek Becker
Jurek Becker (German: [ˈjuːʁɛk ˈbɛkɐ] ⓘ; c. 30 September 1937 – 14 March 1997) was a Polish-born German writer, screenwriter and East German dissident. His most famous novel is Jacob the Liar, which has been made into two films. He lived in Łódź during World War II for about two years and survived the Holocaust.

Jacob the Liar
Jacob the Liar is a 1969 novel written by the East German Jewish author Jurek Becker. The German original title is Jakob der Lügner (pronounced [ˈjaːkɔp deːɐ̯ ˈlyːɡnɐ] ⓘ). Becker was awarded the Heinrich-Mann Prize (1971) and the Charles Veillon Prize (1971) after the publication of his bestseller.

The novel was made into two films, Jacob the Liar (1975) by Frank Beyer, which was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 49th Academy Awards, and Jakob the Liar (1999), a Hollywood production starring Robin Williams.

Jacob the Liar was first translated into English by Melvin Kornfeld in 1975, but without Becker's input. A new English translation was made in 1990 by Leila Vennewitz and Becker, published in 1996 it won the Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize.