hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ho-Am Prize in the Arts
The Ho-Am Prize was established in 1990 by Kun-Hee Lee, the Chairman of Samsung, with a vision to create a new corporate culture that continues the noble spirit of public service espoused by the late Chairman Byung-chull Lee, founder of Samsung. Awarded since 1991, it is funded by Samsung and named after their former chairman, Lee Byung-chul (Ho-Am is his pen name which means filling up a space with clear water as lakes do, and being unshakeable as a large rock). The Ho-Am Prize is currently awarded in five fields: Science, Engineering, Medicine, Arts and Community Service.  The Ho-Am Prize in the Arts was established in 1994.

Ho-Am Prize
The Ho-Am Prize (호암상, 湖岩賞, literally lake and rock award) is a South Korean annual award presented to "domestic/abroad ethnic Korean who have made outstanding contributions to the development of science and culture and enhancement of the welfare of mankind". Starting in 1991, it is funded by Samsung and named after their former chairman, Lee Byung-chul (Ho-Am is his pen name which means filling up a space with clear water as lakes do, and being unshakable as a large rock). The award consists of a 6 oz gold medal, a laureate diploma, and 300 million South Korean won (approximately $265,000 US dollars).

The prize is currently awarded in five fields:

Ho-Am Prize in Science

Ho-Am Prize in Engineering

Ho-Am Prize in Medicine

Ho-Am Prize in the Arts

Ho-Am Prize in Community Service

In addition, a Ho-Am Prize in Mass Communication was awarded from 1991 to 1996, but has now been replaced by a Special Prize.
Baṛī ye
Baṛī ye (Urdu: بَڑی يے, Urdu pronunciation: [ˈbəɽiː ˈjeː]; lit. 'greater ye'), also spelled bari ye, baree ye barree ye, or badi ye, is a letter of the Arabic script, originally used in the Urdu alphabet, directly based on the alternative "returned" variant of the final form of the Arabic letter ye/yāʾ (known as yāʾ mardūda) found in the Hijazi, Kufic, Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq scripts. It functions as the word-final yā-'e-majhūl ([eː]) and yā-'e-sākin ([ɛː]). It is distinguished from the "choṭī ye (چھوٹی يے; "lesser ye")", which is the regular Perso-Arabic yāʾ (ی) used elsewhere. In Punjabi, where it is a part of the Shahmukhi alphabet, it is called waḍḍī ye (Punjabi: وَڈّی یے), also meaning "greater ye". In the context of Urdu and Shahmukhi, it is written as ए/े (for yā-'e-majhūl) and ऐ/ै (for yā-'e-sākin) in Devanagari and ਏ/ੇ (for yā-'e-majhūl)  and ਐ/ੈ (for yā-'e-sākin) in Gurmukhi.

Yodh
Yodh (also spelled jodh, yod, or jod) is the tenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician yōd 𐤉, Hebrew yod י‎, Aramaic yod 𐡉, Syriac yōḏ ܝ, and Arabic yāʾ ي‎. It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪚‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩺, and Ge'ez የ. Its sound value is /j/ in all languages for which it is used; in many languages, it also serves as a long vowel, representing /iː/.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Iota (Ι), Latin I and J,  Cyrillic І, Coptic Iauda (Ⲓ) and Gothic eis .

The term yod is often used to refer to the speech sound [j], a palatal approximant, even in discussions of languages not written in Semitic abjads, as in phonological phenomena such as English "yod-dropping".
Royal Football Federation of the Principality of Asturias
The Royal Football Federation of the Principality of Asturias (Spanish: Real Federación de Fútbol del Principado de Asturias; RFFPA) is the federation responsible for managing association football in the Principality of Asturias. Its current president is José Ramón Cuetos Lobo.

RFFPA manages Asturian leagues from Tercera División (Group 2) to the Regional lower divisions, the Regional stage of the Copa Federación and the Autonomous team, which plays in the UEFA Regions' Cup.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Asturias
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Community of Asturias, organized by Real Federación de Fútbol del Principado de Asturias:

Primera Asturfútbol, formerly Regional Preferente de Asturias and Primera RFFPA (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Segunda Asturfútbol, formerly Primera Regional de Asturias and Segunda RFFPA (Level 7)

Tercera Asturfútbol, formerly Segunda Regional de Asturias and Tercera RFFPA (Level 8)
North America Vishwa Kannada Association
North America Vishwa Kannada Association (Kannada: ನಾರ್ತ್ ಅಮೆರಿಕ ವಿಶ್ವ ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಗರ, commonly referred to as NAVIKA) is an association of Kannadigas located in North America. It is a not for profit organization registered in Florida. In March 2009, on the day of Ugadi (Kannada New Year), NAVIKA was formed as some members of the Association of Kannada Kootas of America (AKKA) broke ties with AKKA due to differences of opinion.

Association of Kannada Kootas of America
Association of Kannada Kootas of America (Kannada: ಅಮೇರಿಕದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಕೂಟಗಳ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ, also referred to as AKKA) is a non-profit organization primarily aimed at networking for Kannadigas in the United States and Canada. It is incorporated in Florida. AKKA was founded in February 1998, after the World Kannada Sammelana in Phoenix, Arizona, where officebearers were elected. The organization organizes Kannada sammelanas (conferences) in the continent, the most recent one being held in Richmond, VA.
Danamombe
Danamombe is a Zimbabwean archaeological site, about eighty kilometres from Gweru, in the direction of Bulawayo and about 35 kilometres south of the highway. It is not often visited due to the poor quality roads in the area. The remains on the site resemble those of Khami. Nearby are the smaller ruins at Naletale, that were occupied at the same time.

Khami
Khami (also written as Khame, Kame, or Kami) is a ruined city located 22 kilometres (14 mi) west of Bulawayo, in Zimbabwe. It was once the capital of the Kingdom of Butua of the Torwa dynasty. It is now a national monument and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.
Trifylia
Trifylia (Greek: Τριφυλία) is a municipality in the Messenia regional unit, Peloponnese, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Kyparissia. The municipality has an area of 616.019 km2. It was named after the ancient Triphylia region.

Kyparissia
Kyparissia (Greek: Κυπαρισσία) is a town and a former municipality in northwestern Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Trifylia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 101.018 km2 (39.003 sq mi). The town proper has around 5,000 inhabitants.
Złoty Stok
Złoty Stok [ˈzwɔtɨ ˈstɔk] (Czech: Rychleby, German: Reichenstein, "Richstone") is a town in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Złoty Stok. It is situated on the border with the Czech Republic, adjoining the Czech village of Bílá Voda.

Gmina Złoty Stok
Gmina Złoty Stok is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the town of Złoty Stok, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Ząbkowice Śląskie, and 77 kilometres (48 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 75.63 square kilometres (29.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 4,476.
State Fiscal Service of Ukraine
The State Fiscal Service (Ukrainian: Державна фіскальна служба, romanized: Derzhavna fiskalna sluzhba) or SFS (Ukrainian: ДФС, romanized: DFS) is a former government agency of Ukraine that in 2014 replaced the Ministry of Revenues and Duties. The former ministry was created in 2012 by the Second Azarov Government through merging the State Tax Service and the State Customs Service.

In December 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers under the Petro Poroshenko administration adopted a resolution on the reorganization of the State Fiscal Service by dividing it into the State Tax Service and the State Customs Service. In August 2020, the newly formed State Tax Service of Ukraine started its functioning.

Ministry of Revenues and Duties of Ukraine
The Ministry of Revenues and Duties (Ukrainian: Міністерство доходів і зборів України, romanized: Ministerstvo dokhodiv i zboriv Ukrainy) was a government ministry of Ukraine.

The ministry was created on 24 December 2012 by a Decree of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and it merged the country's State Tax Service and the State Customs Service. Its first and only minister was Oleksandr Klymenko. On 1 March 2014 the ministry was liquidated. Its agencies were transferred to the Ministry of Finance.

On May 27, 2014 it was announced that the ministry will be reorganized into the State Fiscal Service and will be subordinated to the Ministry of Finances.
Ayn al-Tineh, Latakia Governorate
Ayn al-Tineh (Arabic: عين التينة, Ain al-Tineh) is a town in northwestern Syria administratively belonging to the Latakia Governorate, located east of Latakia. Nearby localities include the district center of al-Haffah to the northwest, Slinfah to the northeast, Farikah and Nabl al-Khatib to the east, Shathah to the southeast, Muzayraa to the south and al-Shir to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ayn al-Tineh had a population was 1,333 in 2004. It is the administrative center of the Ayn al-Tineh nahiyah ("subdistrict") which contains 13 localities with a collective population of 6,825. Its inhabitants predominantly Alawites.

It is situated on a limestone spur in the northern an-Nusayriyah Mountains, with an average elevation of 800 meters above sea level. Located between al-Haffah and Muzayraa, Ayn al-Tineh is separated from the two towns by wadis. 'Ayn al-Tineh' is also the name of a spring that flows under the nearby Citadel of Salah Ed-Din.

Muzayraa
Muzayraa (Arabic: مزيرعة, romanized: Muzayri`ah, Mzera'a or Mazirah) is a town in northwestern Syria administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located east of Latakia. Nearby localities include Difa and Hanadi to the west, al-Jandiriyah to the northwest, al-Haffah and Ayn al-Tineh to the north, Slinfah to the northeast, Shathah to the east and Qardaha to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Muzayraa had a population was 834 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center and the fourth largest locality of the Muzayraa nahiyah ("subdistrict") which contained 27 localities with a collective population of 13,908 in 2004. Its inhabitants are predominantly Christians.

On 14 December 2024, former members of the Syrian Arab Army launched an attack in the settlement on Sham Corps members affiliated with the Syrian transitional government. The incident represents the first clash of its kind since the collapse of the Assad regime.
TasRail
TasRail (officially Tasmanian Railway Pty Limited) is a statutory corporation of the Tasmanian Government that has owned and operated Tasmania’s mainline railways since September 2009. It operates freight services only, as passenger trains in Tasmania ceased running in July 1978.

Tasman Limited
The Tasman Limited was a passenger train operated by Tasmanian Government Railways (TGR) on the Main and Western lines between Hobart, Launceston and Wynyard from April 1954 to July 1978.

The service has the distinction of being the last regularly scheduled passenger train in Tasmania.
Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).

Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県, Wakayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [wa.kaꜜ.ja.ma, wa.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.: 1026  Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 (as of 1 February 2025) and a geographic area of 4,724 square kilometres (1,824 sq mi). Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to the northeast.

Wakayama is the capital and largest city of Wakayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Tanabe, Hashimoto, and Kinokawa.: 1025  Wakayama Prefecture is located on the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.
Zinn House
The Zinn House (Danish: Zinnske Gård), located at Kvæsthusgade 3, is a historic townhouse around the corner from the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It takes its name from the Zinn family, a wealthy family of merchants who owned it for more than 150 years. The composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, who was married to Emma Sophie Amalie Zinn, a granddaughter of Johann Ludvig Zinn, lived on the second floor for more than 70 years in the period 1829–1900. The building was adapted in 1907. It was later in the century converted into offices. The building was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1959.

Emma Hartmann
Amalia Emma Sophie Hartmann née Zinn (22 August 1807 – 6 March 1851) was a Danish composer who composed under the pseudonym Frederik H. Palmer. She was married to the composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (1805–1900). They lived on the second floor of the Zinn House at Kvæsthusgade 3 in Copenhagen.
Kinlaza
The Kinlaza were members of the Nlaza kanda or House of Kinlaza, one of the ruling houses of the Kingdom of Kongo during the 17th century. It was one of the main factions during the Kongo Civil War along with the Kimpanzu and Kinkanga a Mvika kandas.  They are remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinkanga, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked).

Kinkanga
The Kinkanga, usually known as the Kinkanga a Mvika or House of Nsundi, was a royal kanda formed by King Pedro II, which ruled the Kingdom of Kongo from 1622 to 1631. While King Pedro II (ruled 1622–24) and his son Garcia I (ruled 1624–1626) were the only other member of the faction or kanda to rule, it retained powerful members in provincial offices in the 1650s until its destruction in the 1670s. Despite this loss in prominence, they were remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinlaza, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked).
Mississippi Highway 245
Mississippi Highway 245 (MS 245) is a state highway located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the designation for two separate sections of the old U.S. Route 45 Alternate (US 45 Alt.) that the state continues to maintain. The Crawford section, designated in 2007, runs south to north from US 45 Alt. back to US 45 Alt. in Lowndes County. The other section's southern terminus is at US 45 Alt. south of Okolona in Chickasaw County and the northern terminus is at MS 145 in Shannon in Lee County. Along the way this section intersects MS 41 and the eastern terminus of MS 32 in Okolona. The section from Chickasaw County to Lee County was designated in 1998, after the completion of a four-lane bypass for US 45 Alt..

Mississippi Highway 32
Mississippi Highway 32 (MS 32) is a state highway in northern Mississippi it runs from east to west for 152.0 miles (244.6 km), serving the counties of Bolivar, Sunflower, Tallahatchie, Yalobusha, Calhoun, and Chickasaw. The publicly accessible portion of MS 32 is divided into two sections, the first of which begins near Perthshire and runs eastward to the rear entrance of the Mississippi State Penitentiary (MSP). The second section begins at the main entrance of MSP and runs eastward to MS 32's terminus in Okolona. A private portion of MS 32 runs from the main entrance of MSP to the rear entrance of MSP.
Theophylline
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine). Trace amounts of theophylline are naturally present in tea, coffee, chocolate, yerba mate, guarana, and kola nut.

Xanthine
Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.

Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.

It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase.

It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase.

It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.
SELEX Sistemi Integrati
SELEX Sistemi Integrati S.p.A. was an aerospace, defence and security-related electronics manufacturing company headquartered in Rome, Italy, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Finmeccanica. It designed and developed systems for homeland security; systems and radar sensors for air defence, battlefield management, naval warfare, coastal and maritime surveillance; air traffic control; and turn-key airport solutions. The company had around 4,500 employees. On 1 January 2013, it merged with its sister companies SELEX Galileo and SELEX Elsag to form Selex ES.

Selex ES
55°58′10″N 3°14′04″W﻿ / ﻿55.96944°N 3.23444°W﻿ / 55.96944; -3.23444

Selex ES was a subsidiary of Finmeccanica, active in the electronics and information technology business, based in Italy and the UK, and formed in January 2013, following Finmeccanica's decision to combine its existing  SELEX Elsag and SELEX Sistemi Integrati businesses into SELEX Galileo, the immediate predecessor of Selex ES. From 1 January 2016, the activities of Selex ES merged into Leonardo-Finmeccanica's Electronics, Defence and Security Systems Sector becoming Leonardo S.p.A.

Selex ES's activities had been organised in three Divisions within the sector: Airborne & Space Systems, Land and Naval Defence Electronics and Security and Information Systems.
Eurasian goshawk
The Eurasian goshawk (/ˈɡɒsˌhɔːk/; Astur gentilis) is a species of medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, a family which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers. It was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter. It is a widespread species that inhabits many of the temperate parts of Eurasia.  Except in a small portion of southern Asia, it is the only species of "goshawk" in its range and it is thus often referred to, both officially and unofficially, as simply goshawk. It is mainly resident, but birds from colder regions migrate south for the winter. As of 2023, goshawks found in North America are no longer considered to be conspecific, but are now designated as the American goshawk (Astur atricapillus).

American goshawk
The American goshawk (Astur atricapillus) is a species of raptor in the family Accipitridae. It was first described by Alexander Wilson in 1812. The American goshawk was previously considered conspecific with the Eurasian goshawk but was assigned to a separate species in 2023 based on differences in morphology, vocalizations, and genetic divergence. It was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter. It is mainly resident, but birds from colder regions migrate south for the winter. In North America, migratory goshawks are often seen migrating south along mountain ridge tops at nearly any time of the fall depending on latitude.
Charles Henri, Prince of Commercy
Charles Henri of Lorraine (French: Charles Henri, Prince de Commercy, Prince de Vaudémont, pronounced [ʃaʁl ɑ̃ʁi pʁɛ̃s də kɔmɛʁsi pʁɛ̃s də vodemɔ̃]; 17 April 1649 – 14 January 1723) was the legitimated son of Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, and Béatrix de Cusance. He was given the Principality of Commercy in 1708 by his cousin Leopold, Duke of Lorraine. He was also the Count of Falkenstein.

Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
Leopold the Good (11 September 1679 – 27 March 1729) was Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1690 to his death. Through his son Francis Stephen, he is the direct male ancestor of all rulers of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, including all Emperors of Austria.
125th Napier's Rifles
The 125th Napier's Rifles, currently known as the 5th Battalion, Rajputana Rifles was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. At various points in history it was also known as the 1st Extra Battalion Bombay Native Infantry, the 25th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry (1826–1889) and the 25th Bombay Rifles. Amalgamated with five other regiments in 1922, it is now the 5th Battalion, Rajputana Rifles. The Battalion celebrated its bicentenary on 17 Feb 2020. The Battalion is now known as 5th Battalion the Rajputana Rifles (Napiers) or 5 RAJ RIF. The Battalion is presently being commanded

Rajputana Rifles
The Rajputana Rifles is the oldest rifle regiment of the Indian Army, having been founded in 1775. It traces its origins to the British Indian Army, when six previously existing regiments were amalgamated to form six battalions of the 6th Rajputana Rifles. The regiment won several gallantry awards during World War I and World War II. In 1945, the numeral designation was dropped from the title. The regiment was transferred to the newly independent Indian Army in 1947.

Since India's independence, the regiment has been involved in a number of conflicts against Pakistan, as well as contributing to the Custodian Force (India) in Korea under the aegis of the United Nations in 1953–54 and to the UN Mission to the Congo in 1962. As a rifle regiment, it uses a bugle horn as its insignia, the same as the British Light Division, but unlike its British counterparts, the Rajputana Rifles march at the same march pace used in the Indian Army as a whole.
New Guinean pound
The pound was the currency of the Australian Territory of New Guinea between 1915 and 1966, and replaced the New Guinean mark when Australia occupied the former German colony at the end of World War I. The New Guinean pound was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, and was equal to the Australian pound.

No banknotes were ever issued; all denominations larger than one shilling were Australian currency.

The Australian pound currency circulated alongside coins issued specifically for New Guinea between 1929 and 1945. New Guinean coins ceased to be produced in 1945.

Between 1942 and 1945, the Oceanian pound circulated, issued by the Japanese occupiers. Australian coins and banknotes resumed circulation after the war and continued until the Papua New Guinean kina, which was introduced on 19 April 1975, replaced the Australian dollar at par. The Australian dollar continued to be legal tender in PNG until 1 January 1976 when it was withdrawn.

Papua New Guinean kina
The Kina (ISO 4217 currency code: PGK, the currency symbol: K) is the currency of Papua New Guinea. It is divided into 100 toea. The name Kina is derived from Kuanua language of the Tolai region, referring to a callable pearl shell used widely for trading in both the Coastal and Highlands areas of the country.