hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amenhotep, son of Hapu
Amenhotep, son of Hapu (transcribed jmn-ḥtp zꜣ ḥꜣp.w; fl. early-mid 14th century BC) was an ancient Egyptian architect, a priest, a herald, a scribe, and a public official, who held a number of offices under Amenhotep III of the 18th Dynasty.

He was posthumously deified as a god of healing.

Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III  (lit. '"Amun is satisfied"'), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great and Hellenized as Amenophis III, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. According to different authors following the "Low Chronology", he ruled Ancient Egypt from June 1386 to 1349 BC, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC, after his father Thutmose IV died. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife, Mutemwiya.

His reign marked a time of exceptional prosperity and grandeur, during which Egypt reached the height of its artistic and international influence, making him one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs. He is also one of the few pharaohs worshipped as a deity during his lifetime.

When he died in the 38th or 39th year of his reign, he was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to Akhenaten.
Bloomsburg Blue Jays
The Bloomsburg Blue Jays were a minor league baseball team based in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1897, the Blue Jays played as members of the Central Pennsylvania League, placing 2nd in their only season of play, as the league permanently folded following the 1897 season.

Lock Haven Maroons
The Lock Haven Maroons were a short–lived minor league baseball team based in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. In 1897, the Maroons began play as members of the Central Pennsylvania League when the Shamokin Reds team moved to Lock Haven during the season. The Maroons finished the season by placing second in the final standings.
Glypheidea
Glypheidea is an infraorder of lobster-like decapod crustaceans, comprising a number of fossil forms and the two extant (living) genera Neoglyphea and Laurentaeglyphea: The infraorder was thought to be extinct until a living species, Neoglyphea inopinata, was discovered in 1975. They are now considered "living fossils", with over 256 fossil species discovered, and just two extant species.

Decapod
The Decapoda or decapods (from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), meaning "ten", and πούς (poús), meaning "foot") is a large order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, and includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 extant species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (about 3,000 species) and Anomura including hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters (about 2500 species) making up the bulk of the remainder. The earliest fossils of the group date to the Devonian.
John Aubrey Davis Sr.
John Aubrey Davis Sr. (May 10, 1912 – December 17, 2002) was an African-American political science professor and activist of the Civil Rights Movement. He served as the head academic researcher on the historic Brown v. Board of Education (1954) case, in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation of public schools, including universities, was unconstitutional. He had taught at Howard University, Lincoln University of Pennsylvania, and became chair of the department of political science at City College of New York.

Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)
Lincoln University (LU) is a public state-related historically black university (HBCU) in Lower Oxford Township, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as the private Ashmun Institute in 1854, it has been a public institution since 1972. Lincoln is also recognized as the first college-degree-granting HBCU in the country. Its main campus is located on 422 acres (170.8 ha) in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. The university has a second location in University City, Philadelphia. Lincoln University provides undergraduate and graduate coursework to approximately 2,000 students. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

While a majority of its students are African Americans, the university has a long history of accepting students of other races and nationalities. Women have received degrees since 1953, and made up 66% of undergraduate enrollment in 2019.
Brett Gelman
Brett Gelman (born October 6, 1976) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Murray Bauman in Netflix's horror-supernatural series Stranger Things and as Martin in the BBC comedy Fleabag.

Gelman began his career as a comedian in the 2000s, gaining notability the following decade for his involvement in numerous Adult Swim shows, notably Eagleheart and comedy specials in 2014 and 2015. During this time, he also was part of the main casts of the NBC sitcom Go On, the Comedy Central series Another Period, and the FX comedy series Married.

Gelman became prominent in the late 2010s for his supporting roles in Fleabag and Stranger Things, in addition to those on Camping and Mr. Mercedes. As a voice actor, he has contributed to television series Jeff & Some Aliens and TripTank on Comedy Central and, more recently, I Heart Arlo and Inside Job on Netflix, among others. He starred in the Apple TV+ drama series Lady in the Lake.

Married (TV series)
Married is an American sitcom created by Andrew Gurland, which aired on FX from July 17, 2014, to October 1, 2015. The series stars Judy Greer, Nat Faxon, Jenny Slate, and Brett Gelman. On September 30, 2014, FX renewed Married for a 13 episode second season which premiered on July 16, 2015. On October 26, 2015, FX cancelled the series after two seasons and 23 episodes.
Earl Howe
Earl Howe is a title that has been created twice in British history, for members of the Howe and Curzon-Howe family respectively. 
The first creation, in the Peerage of Great Britain, was in 1788 for Richard Howe, 4th Viscount Howe, but it became extinct upon his death in 1799. The second creation, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, was in 1821 for Richard Curzon-Howe, 2nd Viscount Curzon, and it remains extant.

Frederick Curzon, 7th Earl Howe
Frederick Richard Penn Curzon, 7th Earl Howe (born 29 January 1951), is a British peer who has been the Shadow Deputy Leader of the House of Lords since 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, he served previously as the Deputy Leader of the House of Lords from 2015 to 2024 and as Minister of State for Defence from 2015 to 2019. Howe is the longest continuously serving Conservative frontbencher, having held a front bench role in some capacity since 1991.

He inherited the Earldom of Howe in 1984 from his second cousin Edward Curzon, 6th Earl Howe who only had daughters.
John Shakespeare
John Shakespeare (c. 1531 – 7 September 1601) was an English businessman who was the father of William Shakespeare. Active in Stratford-upon-Avon, he was a glover and whittawer (leather worker) by trade. Shakespeare was elected to several municipal offices, serving as an alderman and culminating in a term as bailiff, the chief magistrate of the town council, and mayor of Stratford in 1568, before he fell on hard times for reasons unknown. His fortunes later revived and he was granted a coat of arms five years before his death, probably at the instigation and expense of his son, the actor and playwright.

He married Mary Arden, with whom he had eight children, five of whom survived into adulthood.

Shakespeare coat of arms
The Shakespeare coat of arms is an English coat of arms. It was granted to John Shakespeare (c. 1531 – 1601), a glover from Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, in 1596, and was used by his son, the playwright William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616), and other descendants.
Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (3 July 1676 –  7 April 1747) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the Principality of Anhalt-Dessau from 1693 to 1747. He was also a Generalfeldmarschall in the Prussian Army. Nicknamed "the Old Dessauer" (German: der alte Dessauer), he possessed good abilities as a field commander, but was mainly remembered as a talented drillmaster who modernized the Prussian infantry.

Appointed by Frederick I to the rank of field marshal in 1712, Leopold distinguished himself for his success during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was later appointed the commander of the Prussian-Saxon army during the Great Northern War against Sweden. Leopold was a personal friend of Frederick William I. The last great achievement of his military career was commanding the Prussian troops to victory over the Saxons at the Battle of Kesselsdorf in 1745 during the Second Silesian War.

Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau
Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau (b. Dessau, 2 August 1702 - d. Dessau, 2 December 1769), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and later regent of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau. He was also a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall.

Dietrich was the third son of Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, by his morganatic wife Anna Louise Föhse.
Sugar beet
A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (Beta vulgaris). Together with other beet cultivars, such as beetroot and chard, it belongs to the subspecies Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris but is classified as var. saccharifera. Its closest wild relative is the sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima).

Sugar beets are grown in climates that are too cold for sugarcane. In 2024, Russia and  Germany were the two largest sugar beet producers contributing to a world total of 294 million tonnes. Sugarcane accounts for most of the rest of sugar produced globally.

Chard
Chard (/tʃɑːrd/ ⓘ; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Cicla Group and Flavescens Group) is a green leafy vegetable. It is also called silver beet, perpetual spinach, beet spinach, seakale beet, and leaf beet, but because it is the same species as beetroot, these other common names may overlap.

In the cultivars of the Flavescens Group, or Swiss chard, the leaf stalks are large and often prepared separately from the leaf blade; the Cicla Group is the leafier spinach beet. The leaf blade can be green or reddish; the leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red. Chard, like other green leafy vegetables, has highly nutritious leaves. Chard has been used in cooking for centuries.
Alvaro de Loyola Furtado
Captain Alvaro de Loyola Furtado BS WM OM (23 May 1914 – 23 August 1981) was an Indian politician and medical practitioner who was a former member of the Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly and one of the founding members of the United Goans Party. He was also a social worker, historian, journalist, medical practitioner and humanitarian. Described as a leader among men, a man of great integrity and honour.

United Goans Party
The United Goans Party (UGP) is a political party in state of Goa. It was formed in 1963 in the former union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, with Jack de Sequeira as its party leader, when multiple  regional parties merged during the Konkani language agitation.
Battle of Qarabagh
The Battle of Qarabagh was fought on February 4, 1469, between Aq Qoyunlu under Uzun Hasan, and the Timurids of Samarkand under Abu Sa'id Mirza, resulting in the latter's defeat, imprisonment and execution. After the battle, the Timurids forever lost any hopes of gaining Iraq or Iran back into their kingdom.

Uzun Hasan
Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan (اوزون حسن; February or March 1425 – January 6, 1478) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Hasan was from the Bayandur tribe, and ruled between 1452 and 1478, presiding over the confederation's territorial apex, when it included parts or all of present-day Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Transcaucasia and Syria.
Subharmonic function
In mathematics, subharmonic and superharmonic functions are important classes of functions used extensively in partial differential equations, complex analysis and potential theory.

Intuitively, subharmonic functions are related to convex functions of one variable as follows. If the graph of a convex function and a line intersect at two points, then the graph of the convex function is below the line between those points. In the same way, if the values of a subharmonic function are no larger than the values of a harmonic function on the boundary of a ball, then the values of the subharmonic function are no larger than the values of the harmonic function also inside the ball.

Superharmonic functions can be defined by the same description, only replacing "no larger" with "no smaller". Alternatively, a superharmonic function is just the negative of a subharmonic function, and for this reason any property of subharmonic functions can be easily transferred to superharmonic functions.

Harmonic function
In mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of stochastic processes, a harmonic function is a twice continuously differentiable function  where U is an open subset of ⁠⁠ that satisfies Laplace's equation, that is,

everywhere on U. This is usually written as

or
Carl Sandburg State Historic Site
Carl Sandburg State Historic Site was the birthplace and boyhood home of author Carl Sandburg in Galesburg, Illinois, United States.  It is operated by the Illinois Historic Preservation Division. The site contains the cottage Sandburg was born in, a visitor center with a museum about Carl Sandburg, a museum shop, a small theater, and the rock under which he and his wife Lilian are buried.

The facility was closed to visitors in 2008 as a result of state budget cuts, but it reopened in April 2009, following Illinois Governor Pat Quinn's merger of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

Carl Sandburg College is also in Galesburg, Illinois.

Sandburg's home of 22 years in Flat Rock, Henderson County, North Carolina is preserved by the National Park Service as the Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site.

Galesburg, Illinois
Galesburg is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The city is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Peoria. At the 2020 census, its population was 30,052. Galesburg is the home of Knox College, a private four-year liberal arts college, and Carl Sandburg College, a community college named for native-born poet Carl Sandburg.

Galesburg is the county seat of Knox County and the principal city of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Knox and Warren counties. A 496-acre (201 ha) section of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Galesburg Historic District.
Quan Martin
Jartavius Quan Martin (born April 17, 2000) is an American professional football safety for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini and was selected by the Commanders in the second round of the 2023 NFL draft.

Illinois Fighting Illini football
The Illinois Fighting Illini football program represents the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. The Fighting Illini are a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and have played their home games at Gies Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois since 1923. The Fighting Illini are currently led by head coach Bret Bielema.

Illinois claims 15 Big Ten championships, ranking 4th-most among conference members, and 5 national championships, ranking 13th-most among NCAA Division 1 programs.  Illinois has had 27 Consensus All-Americans, and 15 former Illini have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame; in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, 6 former Illini have been inducted. Illinois has three trophy rivalries against Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State.
The Longest Winter
The Longest Winter: The Battle of the Bulge and the Epic Story of World War II's Most Decorated Platoon is a non-fiction book written by Alex Kershaw and published in 2004 by Da Capo Press. It became a New York Times bestseller.

It tells the story of the eighteen men of an intelligence platoon under the command by Lieutenant Lyle Bouck. Placed in  a front-line position, the soldiers fought fiercely outside the village of Lansareth to prevent the German advance on the morning of the Battle of the Bulge.

Lyle Bouck
Lyle Joseph Bouck, Jr. (December 17, 1923 – December 2, 2016) enlisted in the Missouri National Guard at age 14. During World War II, he was a 20-year-old lieutenant in charge of the Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon, 394th Infantry Regiment, 99th Infantry Division. On the first morning of the Germans' advance during the Battle of the Bulge, his 18-man unit along with four forward artillery observers held off an entire German battalion of more than 500 men for nearly an entire day, killing or wounding 92, and significantly delayed the German advance in a vital sector of the northern front. Every single member of the platoon was later decorated, making it one of the most decorated platoons in all of World War II. Bouck was one of the youngest commissioned officers in the U.S. Army.: 6
Cambia (non-profit organisation)
Cambia is an Australian-based global non-profit social enterprise focusing on open science, biology, innovation system reform and intellectual property. Its projects include The Lens, formerly known as Patent Lens, and the Biological Innovation for Open Society Initiative.

Cambia derives its name from the Spanish verb cambiar, to change.

The Lens
The Lens (formerly Patent Lens) is a free, searchable online database of patents and scholarly literature, provided by Cambia, a non-profit organisation based in Australia.

The Lens functions as an aggregation platform, drawing bibliometric data from various sources such as Crossref, PubMed, Microsoft Academic, and OpenAlex, and integrating them using advanced analytics to provide enriched, contextual information.
Centennial Yards
Centennial Yards is a mixed-use development project in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The project, located in the area known as The Gulch, aims to transform former railyards into a vibrant district featuring residential, commercial, and entertainment spaces.

Downtown Atlanta
Downtown Atlanta is the central business district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The largest of the city's three commercial districts (Midtown and Buckhead being the others), it is the location of many corporate and regional headquarters; city, county, state, and federal government facilities; Georgia State University; sporting venues; and most of Atlanta's tourist attractions. It measures approximately four square miles, and had 26,850 residents as of 2017. Similar to other central business districts in the United States, it has recently undergone a transformation that includes the construction of new condos and lofts, renovation of historic buildings, and arrival of new residents and businesses.
Supercomputing in India
Supercomputing in India has a history going back to the 1980s. The Government of India created an indigenous development programme as they had difficulty purchasing foreign supercomputers. As of November 2025, the AIRAWAT supercomputer is the fastest supercomputer in India, having been ranked 188th fastest in the world in the TOP500 supercomputer list. AIRAWAT has been installed at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune.

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
18°33′06″N 73°49′26″E﻿ / ﻿18.551747°N 73.823750°E﻿ / 18.551747; 73.823750

The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is an Indian autonomous scientific society, operating under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
XL Airways UK
XL Airways was a British low-cost charter and scheduled airline, which ceased operations when it went into administration on 12 September 2008. Its headquarters were in Crawley, West Sussex, near London Gatwick Airport. It was part of the XL Leisure Group. From its three bases at London Gatwick, Manchester and Glasgow, the airline provided short-haul and long-haul charter services, predominantly to leisure destinations.

The airline also operated services from Newcastle, Bristol, East Midlands, Birmingham and Ireland West. Two other airlines (both now also defunct as of 2019) within the group used the XL Airways branding: XL Airways France and XL Airways Germany, and were not at the time affected by the insolvency of the XL Leisure Group.

XL Leisure Group
The XL Leisure Group (XLLG) was a major tour operating company in the UK, consisting of charter and scheduled airlines, holiday companies and flight-only tour operators. It also had operations in France, Germany, Ireland, Australia and Cyprus. The group's UK companies were placed into administration on 12 September 2008.
Statue of Sabrina
Sabrina (/səˈbraɪnə/ sə-BRY-nə) is a 300-pound bronze statue of the legendary British princess owned by Amherst College, and whose present location is unknown. Since it was donated to the College in 1857, the statue has been the subject of numerous pranks, vandalism, and theft, and it has changed hands between the college administration and various student groups many times. Traditionally, members of even-year and odd-year classes have battled for possession of the statue.

Hafren
Hafren (Old Welsh: Habren, Latin: Sabrina) is a legendary princess and Goddess in Welsh mythology. The earliest version of her story appears circa. 1136 in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, where "Princess Habren" is drowned by her repudiated stepmother Gwendolen, with the river (Hafren) being subsequently named for her. Later folklore, literature and artworks have reinterpreted this story, most notably by John Milton in his 1634 masque Comus.
Kota Harinarayana
Kota Harinarayana (born 1943 in Brahmapur, Odisha) is an Indian aviation engineer. He was appointed as chairman of the board of governors of IIT (BHU), Varanasi by Hon'ble President of India on 25 August 2020 till 25 August 2023. He was the vice-chancellor of the University of Hyderabad and the president of the Aeronautical Society of India.

He completed his schooling from City High School, Brahmapur. He obtained his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi in 1964, and received master's degree in aerospace engineering from Indian Institute of Science. He obtained his PhD from IIT Bombay. He also holds a bachelor's degree in law.

He was programme director and chief designer of India's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Programme.

IIT (BHU) Varanasi
The Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi (IIT-BHU) is a public technical university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is ranked amongst the most prestigious engineering institutions in the country. Founded in 1919 as the Banaras Engineering College, it became the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University in 1968. It was later designated an Indian Institute of Technology in 2012. IIT (BHU) Varanasi has 16 departments, 4 inter-disciplinary schools and a Humanities & Social Sciences Section. It is located inside the Banaras Hindu University Campus. It has overarching legacy with placements and considered amongst the tier elite engineering institutes in India alongside the other top 7 IITs.
Helen Gillespie
Brigadier Dame Helen Shiels Gillespie, DBE, RRC, QHNS (26 March 1898 – 25 August 1974) was a British military nurse, matron and nursing administrator. She served as Matron-in-Chief of Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps from 1952 to 1956, and was Honorary Nursing Sister to The Queen.

Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps
Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps (QARANC; known as the QAs) was the nursing branch of the British Army Medical Services.

In November 2024, the corps was amalgamated with the Royal Army Medical Corps and Royal Army Dental Corps to form the Royal Army Medical Service.