hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frybread
Frybread (also spelled fry bread) is a dish of the Indigenous people of North America that is a flat dough bread, fried or deep-fried in oil, shortening, or lard.

Made with simple ingredients, generally wheat flour, water, salt, and sometimes baking powder, frybread can be eaten alone or with various toppings, such as honey, jam, powdered sugar, venison, or beef. It is the base for Indian tacos.

Frybread has a complex cultural history that is inextricably intertwined with colonialism and displacement of Native Americans. The ingredients for frybread were provided to Native Americans to prevent them from starving when they were moved from areas where they could grow and forage their traditional foods to areas that would not support their traditional foods. Critics see the dish as both a symbol of colonization and a symbol of resilience.

Taco
A taco (US: /ˈtɑːkoʊ/, UK: /ˈtækoʊ/, Spanish: [ˈtako]) is a traditional Mexican dish consisting of a small hand-sized corn- or wheat-based tortilla topped with a filling. The tortilla is then folded around the filling and eaten by hand. A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, beans, vegetables, and cheese, and garnished with various condiments, such as salsa, guacamole, or sour cream, and vegetables, such as lettuce, coriander, onion, tomatoes, and chiles. Tacos are a common form of antojitos, or Mexican street food, which have spread around the world.

Tacos can be contrasted with similar foods such as burritos, which are often much larger and rolled rather than folded; taquitos, which are rolled and fried; or chalupas/tostadas, in which the tortilla is fried before filling.
Betsie ten Boom
Elisabeth ten Boom (19 August 1885 – 16 December 1944) was a Dutch woman, the daughter of a watchmaker, who suffered persecution under the Nazi regime in World War II, including incarceration in Ravensbrück concentration camp, where she died aged 59. The daughter of Casper ten Boom, she is one of the leading characters in The Hiding Place, a book written by her sister Corrie ten Boom about the family′s experiences during World War II. Nicknamed Betsie, she had suffered from pernicious anemia since birth. The oldest of four Ten Boom children, she neither left the family nor married, but remained at home until World War II. She was honored by the State of Israel in 2008 as a Righteous Among the Nations.

Corrie ten Boom
Cornelia Arnolda Johanna "Corrie" ten Boom (15 April 1892 – 15 April 1983) was a Dutch watchmaker and later a Christian writer and public speaker, who worked with her father, Casper ten Boom, her sister Betsie ten Boom and other family members to help many Jewish people escape from the Nazis during the Holocaust in World War II by hiding them in her home. They were caught, and she was arrested and sent to the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Her most famous book, The Hiding Place, is a biography that recounts the story of her family's efforts and how she found and shared hope in God while she was imprisoned at the concentration camp.
John Samuel (rugby union)
John Samuel (11 May 1867; 23 December 1947) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Swansea and international rugby for Wales. He played just one game for Wales, notable for being selected alongside his brother David Samuel

David Samuel (rugby union)
David Samuel (1869 – 15 September 1943) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Swansea and international rugby for Wales. He is most notable as being a member of the first Welsh Triple Crown winning team, in 1893.
Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877)
Princess Marie Luise Alexandrina of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (3 February 1808 in Weimar – 18 January 1877 in Berlin) was a princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, by birth, and, by marriage, a princess of Prussia. She was the daughter of Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia.

Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Maria Pavlovna (Russian: Мария Павловна; 16 February [O.S. 5 February] 1786 – 23 June [O.S. 11 June] 1859) was a grand duchess of Russia as the daughter of Paul I, Emperor of all the Russias and Empress Maria Feodorovna and later became the Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach by her marriage to Charles Frederick of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1783–1853).
Schweizer S300
The Schweizer S300 series (formerly the Hughes 300, Schweizer 300, and Sikorsky S-300 series) is a family of light utility helicopters originally produced by Hughes Helicopters, as a development of the Hughes 269. Later manufactured by Schweizer Aircraft, and currently produced by Schweizer RSG, the basic design has been in production for over 60 years. The piston-powered S300 series features single three-bladed rotors; these helicopters tend to be used as a cost-effective platform for training and agriculture.

Hughes TH-55 Osage
The Hughes TH-55 Osage is a piston-powered light training helicopter produced for the United States Army. It was also produced as the Model 269 family of light utility helicopters, some of which were marketed as the Model 300. The Model 300C was produced and further developed by Schweizer after 1983.
Library@esplanade
1°17′22.9″N 103°51′21.9″E﻿ / ﻿1.289694°N 103.856083°E﻿ / 1.289694; 103.856083

library@esplanade (Chinese: 滨海艺术中心图书馆) was a public library managed by Singapore's National Library Board. It was located on the third floor of Esplanade Mall at Marina Centre, sited within Singapore's Downtown Core.

library@esplanade was Singapore's first public library for the performing arts (music, dance, theatre and film). It was also one of the few libraries in the world to be located within a performing arts complex, and was the second specialised boutique library in Singapore, after library@orchard.

Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay
Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay is a performing arts centre located in the Downtown Core of Singapore near the mouth of the Singapore River. Named after the nearby Esplanade Park, it consists of two rounded structures: one housing a concert hall with about 1,600 seats; and the other a theatre with a capacity of about 2,000 for the performing arts. It is nicknamed "The Durian".
Bell 400 TwinRanger
The Bell 400 TwinRanger was a prototype four-bladed, twin-engine civil helicopter developed by Bell Helicopter in the 1980s. Both the TwinRanger and another planned version, the Bell 440, were attempts to market a twin-engine development of the 206L LongRanger. The Bell 400A was a planned single-engine version of the 400 TwinRanger, however development was canceled when Bell could not acquire enough orders for production. The TwinRanger name was later used for a twin-engine version of the LongRanger produced from 1994 to 1997.

Bell 206
The Bell 206 is a family of two-bladed, single- and twin-engined helicopters, manufactured by Bell Helicopter at its Mirabel, Quebec, plant. Originally developed as the Bell YOH-4 for the United States Army's Light Observation Helicopter program, it was not selected by the Army. Bell redesigned the airframe and successfully marketed the aircraft commercially as the five-place Bell 206A JetRanger. The new design was eventually selected by the Army as the OH-58 Kiowa.

Bell also developed a seven-place LongRanger, which was later offered with a twin-engined option as the TwinRanger, while Tridair Helicopters offers a similar conversion of the LongRanger called the Gemini ST. The ICAO-assigned model designation "B06" is used on flight plans for the JetRanger and LongRanger, and the designation "B06T" is used for the twin-engined TwinRangers.
Prince Gabriel of Thurn and Taxis
Prince Gabriel Albert Maria Michael Franz Joseph Gallus Lamoral of Thurn and Taxis (German: Gabriel Albert Maria Michael Franz Joseph Gallus Lamoral Prinz von Thurn und Taxis) (16 October 1922 – 17 December 1942) was a  Prince of Thurn and Taxis. Gabriel was second in the line of succession to the Headship of the House of Thurn and Taxis after his father Franz Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis until his death in the Battle of Stalingrad, at which point he was replaced by his uncle Prince Karl August of Thurn and Taxis.

Franz Joseph, 9th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
Franz Joseph Maximilian Maria Antonius Ignatius Lamoral, 9th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Franz Josef Maximilian Maria Antonius Ignatius Lamoral Fürst von Thurn und Taxis (21 December 1893, Regensburg, Kingdom of Bavaria – 13 July 1971, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany) was the ninth Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 22 January 1952 until his death on 13 July 1971.
East-West Peace Church
The East-West Peace Church (German: Ost-West-Friedenskirche), also known as the Church of Father Timofej (German: Kirche von Väterchen Timofej), was a chapel in the Olympiapark in Munich.

Built by the Russian hermit Timofej Vasilyevich Prokhorov and his wife Natasha without a building permit in the 1950s, the church was destroyed in a fire on 11 June 2023.

Olympiapark (Munich)
The Olympiapark (English: Olympic Park) in Munich, Germany, is an Olympic Park which was constructed for the 1972 Summer Olympics. Located in the Oberwiesenfeld neighborhood of Munich, the Park continues to serve as a venue for cultural, social, and religious events, such as events of worship. It includes a contemporary carillon. The Park is administered by Olympiapark München GmbH, a holding company fully owned by the state capital of Munich. The Olympic Park Munich was also considered to be an architectural marvel during the 1972 Olympics in Munich, Germany.
Northern Territory borders
Today the Northern Territory's land borders are defined to the west by the 129° east longitude (129° east) with Western Australia, to the south by the 26th parallel south latitude (26° south) with South Australia and to the east by 138° east longitude (138° east) with Queensland; however, this is not where all borders are actually marked on the ground.

The Northern Territory boundaries are shared with the West Australian border, the South Australian border, and the Queensland border.

Western Australian borders
The land border of Western Australia (WA) bisects mainland Australia nominally along the 129th meridian east longitude (129° east). That land border divides WA from the Northern Territory (NT) and South Australia (SA).  The actual border (as surveyed and marked or otherwise indicated on the ground)  deviates from 129° east and is not a single straight line.

The Western Australian town closest to the border is Kununurra, which lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the border with the NT. The settlement outside WA that is closest to the border is Border Village, SA, which adjoins the border; the centre of Border Village is about 250 metres (820 ft) from the border, on the Eyre Highway.
Fire sprinkler system
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now in use.

Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year.  Fire sprinkler systems are generally designed as a life saving system, but are not necessarily designed to protect the building. Of buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, if a fire did initiate, it was controlled by the fire sprinklers alone in 96% of these cases.

Fire sprinkler
A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings protected by properly designed and maintained fire sprinklers, over 99% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone.
Teampull na Trionaid
Teampull na Trionaid ("trinity church") is a ruined 13th-century Augustinian nunnery, believed to have been a daughter foundation of Iona Nunnery, at Carinish, on North Uist, in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.

Iona Nunnery
The Iona Nunnery was an Augustinian convent of nuns located on the island of Iona in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. It was established sometime after the foundation of the nearby Benedictine monastery in 1203 by Ranald, son of Somerled. Bethóc, daughter of Somerled, and sister of Ranald, was first prioress. The ruins of the nunnery stand in a peaceful precinct adjacent to Iona's main (and only) village, Baile Mor.  They form the most complete remains of a medieval nunnery extant in Scotland. After the Reformation, the priory was dissolved and reduced to a ruin.
Dan Le Batard
Dan Le Batard  is an American newspaper sportswriter, ex-radio host, podcast host and television reporter based in Miami, Florida. He has also worked at ESPN, and for his hometown paper, the Miami Herald, for which he wrote from 1990 to 2016.

Le Batard hosted a daily radio show with Jon Weiner that originated on WAXY in Miami and was carried nationally on ESPN Radio until early 2021. At ESPN, he also co-hosted the televised sports commentary show Highly Questionable with his father and revolving co-hosts. Additionally, he was a frequent contributor to several ESPN programs, serving as a regular replacement host for Pardon the Interruption. Following his departure from ESPN, Le Batard founded the podcast network Meadowlark Media with former ESPN president John Skipper.

Jon Weiner
Jonathan Brian Weiner (born July 29, 1972), known professionally as Stugotz, is an American sports talk radio host based in Miami, Florida. He is best known for his work on The Dan Le Batard Show with Stugotz on ESPN Radio, where he is the co-host to Miami sports journalist Dan Le Batard.
Benelli M3
The Benelli M3 is a dual-mode (hybrid pump-action and semi-automatic) shotgun designed and manufactured by Italian firearms manufacturer Benelli Armi SpA, and the third model of the Benelli Super 90 line of semi-automatic shotguns. The M3 holds a maximum of seven rounds and uses Benelli's proprietary inertia-driven action system first showcased in the M1. The M3 is notable for allowing the user to choose between semi-automatic or pump-action operation.

Benelli M1
The Benelli M1 is a semi-automatic shotgun manufactured by Benelli Armi, and the first model of the Benelli Super 90 line of semi-automatic shotguns. Introduced in 1986, it is available in several versions for civilian, law enforcement and military use.

The M1 was succeeded by the Benelli M2, Benelli M3, and Benelli M4 models.
2025 British cabinet reshuffle
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer carried out the first cabinet reshuffle of his premiership in 2025. A minor reshuffle of posts in 10 Downing Street began on 1 September 2025. On 5 September, following the resignation of the deputy prime minister, Angela Rayner, after she was found to have broken the ministerial code, a full reshuffle of the cabinet was launched.

Angela Rayner tax scandal
A political controversy emerged in the United Kingdom in August 2025 when it was revealed that Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner had underpaid stamp duty by £40,000 on an £800,000 flat in Hove purchased in May 2025. The controversy centred on complex property arrangements involving a trust for her disabled son and conflicting declarations about her primary residence to different authorities.

The scandal unfolded over eight days from 28 August to 5 September 2025. Following media scrutiny, Rayner admitted the error on 3 September 2025 and referred herself to the Prime Minister's independent adviser on ministerial standards. After the ethics adviser found she had not met the "highest possible standards of proper conduct", Rayner resigned from all her posts on 5 September 2025. Her resignation was widely described as a significant blow to the Starmer ministry and triggered the 2025 British cabinet reshuffle.
Conference of Minister-Presidents
The Conference of Minister-Presidents (German: Ministerpräsidentenkonferenz, MPK)  is a committee formed by the sixteen States of Germany (Bundesländer) to coordinate policy in areas that fall within the sole jurisdiction of the Länder, e.g. broadcasting. The conference is not a constitutional body, therefore formal agreements between the federal states are fixed in a Staatsvertrag (treaty/compact). Since the MPK itself is not an official constitutional body, its meetings are purely informal, coordinating in nature. Similar bodies also exist at the level of the specialist ministers (such as the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs)

The first meeting of the conference took place in 8–10 July 1948, preceding the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany.

The measures against the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany were coordinated by the Federal-State Conference until 2021.

Federal-State Conference (Germany)
The Federal-State Conference (officially: "Conference of the Federal Chancellor with the Heads of Government of the States") is an unofficial body of the Federal Government and the federal states that was convened for the first time on 12 March 2020 to coordinate measures under the Infection Protection Act (Infektionsschutzgesetz, IfSG) to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany nationwide.
PROX
PROX is an acronym for PReferential OXidation, that refers to the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a gas mixture by a catalyst. It is intended to remove trace amounts of CO from H2/CO/CO2 mixtures produced by steam reforming and water-gas shift. An ideal PROX catalyst preferentially oxidizes carbon monoxide (CO) using a heterogeneous catalyst placed upon a ceramic support. Catalysts include metals such as platinum, platinum/iron, platinum/ruthenium, gold nanoparticles as well as novel copper oxide/ceramic conglomerate catalysts.

Water–gas shift reaction
The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen:

CO + H2O ⇌ CO2 + H2

The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. It was not until much later that the industrial value of this reaction was realized. Before the early 20th century, hydrogen was obtained by reacting steam under high pressure with iron to produce iron oxide and hydrogen. With the development of industrial processes that required hydrogen, such as the Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis, a less expensive and more efficient method of hydrogen production was needed. As a resolution to this problem, the WGSR was combined with the gasification of coal to produce hydrogen.
2022 Men's Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier
The 1st Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier was the first edition of the Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier for the men's Hockey5s event at the FIH Hockey5s World Cup. It was held alongside the women's tournament in Ismailia, Egypt from 10–15 December 2022.

The winner of the tournament qualified for the 2024 Hockey5s World Cup.

2022 Women's Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier
The 1st Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier was the first edition of the Africa Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier for the women's Hockey5s event at the FIH Hockey5s World Cup. It was held alongside the men's tournament in Ismailia, Egypt from 10–15 December 2022.

The winner of the tournament qualified for the 2024 Hockey5s World Cup.
Charles Eberhard Salomon
Charles Eberhard Salomon (June 24, 1824 – January 9, 1881) was a German American immigrant, surveyor, and civil engineer.  He served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War and received an honorary brevet to brigadier general after the war.  He was a brother of Wisconsin's wartime governor Edward Salomon.

Edward Salomon
Edward Salomon (August 11, 1828 – April 21, 1909) was a Jewish American politician and the eighth governor of Wisconsin, having ascended to office from the lieutenant governorship after the accidental drowning of his predecessor, Louis P. Harvey.  He was the first Jewish governor of Wisconsin.
Meskwaki Settlement School
Meskwaki Settlement School (MSS) is a tribally controlled school with oversight by the Bureau of Indian Education, is located in the Meskwaki Nation, also known as the Meskwaki Settlement. It is in unincorporated Tama County, Iowa, about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Tama, and is a property of the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa.

Meskwaki Settlement, Iowa
Meskwakiinaki, also called the Meskwaki Settlement, is an unincorporated community in Tama County, Iowa, United States, west of Tama. It encompasses the lands of the Meskwaki Nation (federally recognized as the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa), one of three Sac and Fox tribes in the United States. The others are located in Oklahoma and Kansas. The settlement is located in the historic territory of the Meskwaki (Fox), an Algonquian people. Meskwaki people established the settlement in 1857 by privately repurchasing a small part of the land they had lost in the Sac and Fox treaty of 1842.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television, formerly known as MGM/UA Television, is the television studio arm of the American film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, specializing in broadcast syndication and the production and distribution of television shows and miniseries. It was founded on June 30, 1956.

Television programs were distributed by Sony Pictures Television through the Sony Pictures-led consortium acquisition of MGM from February 11, 2005, until May 31, 2006. Since then, MGM has assumed total control over its television output and rejoined the local first-run syndication market for the first time in many years with Paternity Court.

MGM Holdings
MGM Holdings, Inc. (sometimes legally referred to in full as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Holdings, Inc. in official documents) was an American holding company based in Beverly Hills, California. It was launched on February 11, 2005 by a creditor-oriented consortium, and is the former parent company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (from which the "MGM" initials were coined). Technology company Amazon acquired the company on March 17, 2022 and later merged it with its Amazon Studios subsidiary on October 3, 2023, forming Amazon MGM Studios.
Mary and Catherine
The Mary and Catherine was a 19th-century New York pilot boat built in 1848 by the Jacob Aaron Westervelt shipyard. She was hit and sunk by the steamship Haverton in 1885. The collision was the subject of a court case that went to the Supreme Court of the United States as Devere v. The Haverton.  The Mary and Catherine was replaced by the pilot boat William H. Starbuck.

William H. Starbuck (pilot boat)
William H. Starbuck was a 19th-century New York pilot boat built to take the place of the Mary and Catherine, that sank in 1885. She was launched from the J. S. Ellis & Son shipyard, at Tottenville, Staten Island in 1886. The Starbuck was one of the few pilot-boats to take the offensive in the Great Blizzard of 1888, when she ran into the steamship Japanese and survived one of the most severe recorded blizzards in American history. She was one of the last pilot boats that were sold in an age of steam and electricity.