hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vandalism
Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner. The term finds its roots in an Enlightenment view that the Germanic Vandals were a uniquely destructive people, as they sacked Rome in 455 AD.

Property damage
Property damage (sometimes called damage to property) is the damage or destruction of real or tangible personal property, caused by negligence, willful destruction, or an act of nature. Destruction of property (sometimes called property destruction, or criminal damage in England and Wales) is a sub-type of property damage that involves damage to property that results from willful misconduct and is punishable as a crime.

Destruction of property encompasses vandalism (deliberate damage, destruction, or defacement), building implosion (destroying property with explosives), and arson (destroying property with fire), and similar crimes that involve unlawful infliction of damage to or destruction of personal property or real property.
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) is a branch of the United States Department of the Interior. It is the federal agency entrusted with the implementation and enforcement of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), which attached a per-ton fee to all extracted coal in order to fund an interest-accruing trust to be used for reclamation of abandoned mine lands, as well as established a set environmental standards that mines must follow while operating, and achieve when reclaiming mined land, in order to minimize environmental impact. OSMRE has fewer than 500 employees, who work in either the national office in Washington, DC, or of the many regional and field offices (in OSMRE's Three Regions).

OSMRE has three main functions:

Regulating active mines

Reclaiming lands damaged by surface mining and abandoned mines

Providing resources for technical assistance, training, and technology development

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States.

SMCRA created two programs: one for regulating active coal mines and a second for reclaiming abandoned mine lands.  SMCRA also created the Office of Surface Mining, an agency within the Department of the Interior, to promulgate regulations, to fund state regulatory and reclamation efforts, and to ensure consistency among state regulatory programs.
Independence State Hospital
The Independence State Hospital was built in 1873 as the second asylum in the state of Iowa. It is located in Independence, Iowa. The original plan for patients was to relieve crowding from the hospital at Mount Pleasant and to hold alcoholics, geriatrics, drug addicts, mentally ill, and the criminally insane. It was built under the Kirkbride Plan. The hospital's many names have included: The Independence Lunatic Asylum, The Independence State Asylum, The Independence Asylum for the Insane, The Iowa State Hospital for the Insane, and The Independence Mental Health Institute. There is also a labyrinth of tunnels which connect every building. Like most asylums of its time, it has had a gruesome and dark history. Remnants of this are the graveyard, hydrotherapy tubs, and lobotomy equipment.

Mount Pleasant Mental Health Institute
The Mount Pleasant Mental Health Institute was a psychiatric institution located in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, USA. Originally known as the Iowa Lunatic Asylum, it opened in 1861. It is located on the same campus as The Mount Pleasant Correctional Facility. There was also a labyrinth of tunnels which connected every building. It was the first asylum in Iowa and was built under the Kirkbride Plan.
Vecna
Vecna (/ˈvɛk.nɑː/ VEK-nah) is a fictional character appearing in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Vecna has been named one of the greatest villains in the Dungeons & Dragons franchise.

Originally appearing in the Greyhawk campaign setting, Vecna was described as a powerful wizard who became a lich. He was eventually destroyed, and his left hand and left eye were the only parts of his body to survive. Even after the character achieved godhood—being a member of the third edition's default pantheon of D&D gods (the pantheon of Oerth)—he is still described as missing both his left eye and left hand. Vecna's holy symbol is an eye in the palm of a left hand.

Vecna's "right-hand man", who ultimately became his betrayer, is Kas the Bloody-Handed, a vampire whose sword, the Sword of Kas, is also an artifact.

Lich (Dungeons & Dragons)
The lich /lɪtʃ/ is an undead creature found in the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. Liches are spellcasters who seek to defy death by magical means.

The term derives from lich, an archaic term for a corpse. Dungeons & Dragons co-creator Gary Gygax stated that he based the description of a lich included in the game on the short story "The Sword of the Sorcerer" (1969) by Gardner Fox.
East Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania
East Marlborough Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 7,305 at the 2020 census. East Marlborough and West Marlborough townships were carved out of the larger Marlborough Township in 1729. The township is home to many Penn Oak trees, trees that were in existence when William Penn explored the area.

The well-known Longwood Gardens is located in East Marlborough Township.

West Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania
West Marlborough Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 814 at the 2010 census. East Marlborough and West Marlborough townships were carved out of the larger Marlborough Township in 1729.

West Marlborough Township is a second class township, governed by a three-member Board of Supervisors, who meet monthly at the township garage in the village of Doe Run. Other elected officials include an auditor, constable, and political party committee members. A Planning Commission is appointed by the supervisors and serve to advise the supervisors as to real estate subdivision, zoning, the township comprehensive plan, and similar matters.
Jurriaan Andriessen (composer)
Jurriaan Hendrik Andriessen (15 November 1925, Haarlem - 23 August 1996, The Hague) was a Dutch composer. Andriessen studied composition with his father Hendrik at the Utrecht Conservatory before moving to Paris where he studied with Olivier Messiaen.

His brother Louis Andriessen (1939-2021) was also a composer and pianist, as well as his uncle Willem (1887-1964).

Louis Andriessen
Louis Joseph Andriessen (Dutch: [luˈʋi ˈɑndrisə(n)]; 6 June 1939 – 1 July 2021) was a Dutch composer, pianist and academic teacher. Considered the most influential Dutch composer of his generation, he was a central proponent of The Hague school of composition. Although his music was initially dominated by neoclassicism and serialism, his style gradually shifted to a synthesis of American minimalism, big band jazz and the expressionism of Igor Stravinsky.

Born in Utrecht into a musical family, Andriessen studied with his father, the composer Hendrik Andriessen as well as composers Kees van Baaren and Luciano Berio. Andriessen taught at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague from 1974 to 2012, influencing notable composers. His opera La Commedia, based on Dante's Divine Comedy, won the 2011 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition and was selected in 2019 by critics at The Guardian as one of the most outstanding compositions of the 21st century.
7-demicubic honeycomb
The 7-demicubic honeycomb, or demihepteractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 7-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 7-cubic honeycomb.

It is composed of two different types of facets. The 7-cubes become alternated into 7-demicubes h{4,3,3,3,3,3} and the alternated vertices create 7-orthoplex {3,3,3,3,3,4} facets.

7-cubic honeycomb
The 7-cubic honeycomb or hepteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 7-space.

It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space.

There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is regular, with Schläfli symbol {4,35,4}. Another form has two alternating 7-cube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol {4,34,31,1}. The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 128 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol {∞}(7).
U.S. Route 25 in Ohio
US Highway 25 (US 25) was a part of the United States Numbered Highway System in the state of Ohio that ran from its present terminus near Covington, Kentucky, to its Michigan continuation. By the time it was decommissioned in 1973, all but the section north of Cygnet ran concurrently with Interstate 75 (I-75).

Interstate 75 in Ohio
Interstate 75 (I-75) runs from Cincinnati to Toledo by way of Dayton in the US state of Ohio. The highway enters the state running concurrently with I-71 from Kentucky on the Brent Spence Bridge over the Ohio River and into the Bluegrass region. I-75 continues along the Mill Creek Expressway northward to the Butler County line just north of I-275. From there, the freeway runs into the Miami Valley and then passes through the Great Black Swamp before crossing into Michigan.
Feedback loop (email)
A feedback loop (FBL), sometimes called a complaint feedback loop, is an inter-organizational form of feedback by which a mailbox provider (MP) forwards the complaints originating from their users to the sender's organizations. MPs can receive users' complaints by placing report spam buttons on their webmail pages, or in their email client, or via help desks. The message sender's organization, often an email service provider, has to come to an agreement with each MP from which they want to collect users' complaints.

Feedback loops are one of the ways for reporting spam.  Whether and how to provide an FBL is a choice of the MP.  End users should report abuse at their mailbox provider's reporting hub, so as to also help filtering.  As an alternative, competent users may send abuse complaints directly, acting as mailbox providers themselves.

Spam reporting
Spam reporting, more properly called abuse reporting, is the process of identifying electronic messages as abusive and reporting them to an authority (e.g., an email administrator) for resolution. Reported messages can be email messages, blog comments, or any kind of spam.
M&G
M&G plc is a global investment manager headquartered in the City of London. Since its de-merger from Prudential plc, it has been listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

Prudential plc
Prudential plc is a British-domiciled multinational insurance and asset management company headquartered in London and Hong Kong. It was founded in London in May 1848 to provide loans to professional and working people.

Prudential has dual primary listings on the London Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It also has secondary listings on the New York Stock Exchange and Singapore Exchange.
Conglomerate discount
Conglomerate discount is an economic concept describing a situation when the market values a diversified group of businesses and assets at less than the sum of its parts. The explanation of this phenomenon comes from a conglomerate's inability to manage various and different businesses as well as do focused companies. Therefore, the market penalizes a multi-division firm and attaches a lower multiple to its earnings and cash flows, thus creating the discount. However, the opposite concept, called conglomerate premium, also exists.

Sum-of-the-parts analysis
Sum of the parts analysis (SOTP), or break-up analysis, is a method of valuation of a multi-divisional company, holding company, or a conglomerate. 
The essence of the method is to determine what divisions would be worth if the conglomerate is broken up and spun off or acquired by another company;
 
see Conglomerate discount. 
The analysis calculates a range of values for a conglomerate's equity by summing the value of its individual business segments or divisions to get the total conglomerate's enterprise value. The equity value is then calculated by subtracting net debt and other non-operating adjustments.
British Aerospace
British Aerospace plc (BAe) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer that was formed in 1977. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. It purchased Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company, in 1999 to form BAE Systems.

Marconi Electronic Systems
Marconi Electronic Systems Limited (MES), or GEC-Marconi as it was until 1998, was the defence arm of General Electric Company (GEC). It was split off from GEC and bought by British Aerospace (BAe) on 30 November 1999 to form BAE Systems. GEC then renamed itself Marconi plc.

MES exists today as BAE Systems Electronics Limited, a subsidiary of BAE Systems, but the assets were rearranged elsewhere within that company. MES-related businesses include BAE Systems Submarine Solutions, BAE Systems Surface Ships, BAE Systems Insyte and Selex ES (now a part of Leonardo).
De Havilland Australia
de Havilland Aircraft Pty Ltd (DHA) was an Australian subsidiary of the British aircraft manufacturer de Havilland, founded in 1927. It acquired the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation in 1985 and was purchased by Boeing in 2000 and merged with the Boeing owned AeroSpace Technologies of Australia (formerly Government Aircraft Factories) to become Hawker de Havilland Aerospace Pty Ltd. In 2009, the name was changed to Boeing Aerostructures Australia and is a subsidiary of Boeing Australia.

Government Aircraft Factories
Government Aircraft Factories (GAF) was the name of an aircraft manufacturer owned by the Government of Australia.  The primary factory was located at Fishermans Bend, a suburb of Melbourne in Victoria.  It had its origins in the lead-up to World War II, during which it was known as the Department of Aircraft Production (DAP).  In 1987, GAF was reorganised and renamed as Aerospace Technologies of Australia (ASTA), then privatised.  ASTA was purchased by Rockwell International, that was in turn purchased by Boeing a few years later.  ASTA subsequently formed the nucleus of Boeing Aerostructures Australia, a subsidiary of Boeing Australia.
Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns
Saheb Biwi Aur Gangster Returns (transl. The master, the wife and the gangster returns; Hindi pronunciation: [saːɦeːb biːbiː ɔːɾ]) is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Tigmanshu Dhulia.  It is the sequel to the 2011 film, Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster and the second installment of the Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster film series. The film stars Jimmy Sheirgill and Mahi Gill, who reprise their roles from the previous film, while new additions to the cast include Irrfan Khan and Soha Ali Khan. The film was released on 8 March 2013. Jimmy Shergill won Best Actor Award for this film at 11th Norway Bollywood Film Festival in Oslo. A sequel titled Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3 was released on 27 July 2018.

Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster
Saheb Biwi Aur Gangster (transl. The master, the wife and the gangster; Hindi pronunciation: [saːɦeːb biːbiː ɔːɾ]) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film directed by Tigmanshu Dhulia, and written by Sanjay Chauhan. The film stars Jimmy Sheirgill, Mahi Gill, and Randeep Hooda in lead roles. It is the first installment of Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster film series. The film was released on 30 September 2011.
Robotech: Love Live Alive
Robotech: Love Live Alive is a 2013 American direct-to-video animated film produced by Harmony Gold USA. Part of the Robotech franchise, it is based on the 1985 Japanese OVA music video Genesis Climber MOSPEADA: Love Live Alive. The film follows soldier and musician Lancer as he recounts the events of the Third Robotech War ahead of a concert performance.

Genesis Climber MOSPEADA
Genesis Climber MOSPEADA (Japanese: 機甲創世記モスピーダ, Hepburn: Kikō Sōseiki Mosupīda; lit. 'Armored Genesis MOSPEADA') is an anime science fiction series created by Shinji Aramaki and Hideki Kakinuma. The 25-episode television series ran from late 1983 to early 1984 in Japan. MOSPEADA is an acronym of "Military Operation Soldier Protection Emergency Aviation Dive Armor", one of the transformable motorcycle-armors the series features. The other primary mecha featured in the show is the three-form transformable fighter called the Armo-Fighter AFC-01 Legioss. MOSPEADA was adapted as the third generation of the American series Robotech, much like Macross and Southern Cross.
South Wellesley Islands
The South Wellesley Islands is an island group and locality in the Gulf of Carpentaria within the  Shire of Mornington, Queensland, Australia. The group is separate from the Wellesley Islands.

Bentinck Island is the only one known to have been inhabited in the past. In the 2021 census, South Wellesley Islands had "no people or a very low population".

Shire of Mornington (Queensland)
The Shire of Mornington is a local government area in northwestern Queensland, Australia. The shire covers the Wellesley Islands, which includes Mornington Island; the South Wellesley Islands; Bountiful Islands; and  West Wellesley / Forsyth Islands groups in the Gulf of Carpentaria.

The administrative centre of  the shire is the township of Gununa on Mornington Island.

In the 2021 census, the Shire of Mornington had a population of 1,025 people.
Bundesautobahn 2
Bundesautobahn 2 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 2, short form Autobahn 2, abbreviated as BAB 2 or A 2) is an autobahn in Germany that connects the Ruhr area in the west to Berlin in the east. The A 2 starts at the junction with the A3 near the western city of Oberhausen, passes through the north of the Ruhr valley, through the Münsterland and into Ostwestfalen, crossing the former inner German border and continuing through the Magdeburger Börde to merge into the Berliner Ring shortly before reaching Berlin. Major cities such as Magdeburg, Braunschweig, Hannover and Dortmund are situated very close to the A 2. The A 2 is one of the most important autobahns, connecting several large industrial areas with each other.

The A 2 was modified in the late 1990s, and completely rebuilt in the former East Germany. All of the A 2 has 3 travel lanes and a breakdown lane in each direction.

Bundesautobahn 10
Bundesautobahn 10 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 10, short form Autobahn 10, abbreviated as BAB 10 or A 10) is an orbital motorway around the German capital city of Berlin.  Colloquially called Berliner Ring (Berlin Beltway), it is predominantly located in the state of Brandenburg, with a short stretch of 5 km (3 miles) in Berlin itself. It should not be confused with the Berliner Stadtring (Bundesautobahn 100) around Berlin's inner city.

With a total length of 196 km (122 miles), the BAB 10 is the longest orbital in continental Europe (Route 1 in Iceland is 1,322 km (821 mi)). The BAB 10 is 8 km (5 miles) longer than the M25 motorway around London.
Jafarabad State
Jafarabad, or Jafrabad State, was a tributary princely state in India during the British Raj. It was located in the Kathiawar Peninsula on the Gujarat coast. The state had formerly been part of the Baroda Agency and later of the Kathiawar Agency of the Bombay Presidency.

Jafrabad State was a dependency of the Nawab of Janjira State, located 320 km to the south-southeast on the Konkan coast.

Jafrabad town, the capital and only municipality, is located 275 km south of Ahmedabad and 240 southwest of Baroda. The state was formed by the city and 11 villages and initially consisted of two districts located on both sides of the estuary of the Ranai river. Jafrabad state had an area of 68 km2 and a population in 1881 of 4,746 and in 1901 of 6,038 inhabitants. The majority of the population were Muslims (80%) and the rest Hindus. The state and the town took their name from Sultan Muzaffar Jafar from Gujarat who built fortifications.

Janjira State
Janjira State was a princely state in India during the British Raj. It was governed by the Siddi Khan dynasty of Habesha African descent and the state was under the suzerainty of the Bombay Presidency.

Janjira State was located on the Konkan coast in the present-day Raigad district of Maharashtra. The state included the towns of Murud and Shrivardhan, as well as the fortified island of Murud-Janjira, just off the coastal village of Murud, which was the capital and the residence of the rulers. The state had an area of 839 km2, not counting Jafarabad, and a population of 110,389 inhabitants in 1931. Jafarabad State (also spelled Jafrabad) was a dependency of the Nawab of Janjira State, and located 320 km to its north-northwest.
Hosdurg taluk
Hosdurg is one of four taluks that constitute the Kasaragod District, Kerala. Others are Kasaragod, Manjeshwaram and Vellarikundu taluks. In the north, it borders Kasaragod taluk; in south, the Kannur District; in the east, Vellarikundu taluk; and in the west, the Arabian Sea. With an area of 900.3 km2 (90030 hectares), it was the smaller of the two taluks. Then Hosdurg bifurcated into Vellarikund and Hosdurg taluks in 2013 for ease of administration. Kanhangad and Nileshwaram are the municipalities within the taluk. Hosdurg (after which the taluk is named) is a kilometer south of Kanhangad town, the latter being the taluk headquarters. Other major settlements include Trikarpur, Cheruvathur and Udma. Bekal Fort tourism is situated in the taluk.

Kasaragod taluk
Kasaragod or Casrod  a taluk which along with Hosdurg taluk, Manjeshwaram Taluk and Vellarikundu taluk constitute  the Kasaragod district, Kerala, India. Its educational center is Vidyanagar. The major areas include Kasaragod municipality, Chemnad, Bedira, and Chengala. The Central Plantation Crops Research Institute is located in the taluk.
Type 23 frigate
The Type 23 frigate or Duke class is a class of frigates built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. The ships are named after British Dukes, thus leading to the class being commonly known as the Duke class. The first Type 23, HMS Norfolk, was commissioned in 1989, and the sixteenth, HMS St Albans was commissioned in June 2002. They form the core of the Royal Navy's destroyer and frigate fleet and serve alongside the Type 45 destroyers. They were designed for anti-submarine warfare, but have seen a range of duties. Eight Type 23 frigates remain in service with the Royal Navy, with three vessels having been sold to the Chilean Navy and five being retired since 2021.

The Royal Navy's Type 23 frigates will be replaced by the Type 26 Global Combat Ship and the Type 31 frigate. As of 2021 it is anticipated that HMS St Albans will be the last to retire from the Royal Navy, in 2035.

Type 31 frigate
The Type 31 frigate, also known as the Inspiration class, formerly known as the Type 31e frigate or General Purpose Frigate (GPF), is a class of five frigates being built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, with variants also being built for the Indonesian and Polish navies. The Type 31 is intended to enter service in the 2020s alongside the eight submarine-hunting Type 26 frigates and will replace five general-purpose Type 23 frigates. The Type 31 is part of the British government's "National Shipbuilding Strategy".

Under construction by Babcock International, it is based on the Odense Maritime Technology (OMT) Iver Huitfeldt-class frigate hull and is marketed under the name Arrowhead 140. The design has been sold to Indonesia as the four ship Balaputradewa-class frigate (equipped with Turkish MiDLAS VLS) in September 2021, and to Poland for the three ship Wicher-class frigates in March 2022.