hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnetotactic bacteria
Magnetotactic bacteria (or MTB) are a polyphyletic group of bacteria that orient themselves along the magnetic field lines of Earth's magnetic field. Discovered in 1963 by Salvatore Bellini and rediscovered in 1975 by Richard Blakemore, this alignment is believed to aid these organisms in reaching regions of optimal oxygen concentration. To perform this task, these bacteria have organelles called magnetosomes that contain magnetic crystals. The biological phenomenon of microorganisms tending to move in response to the environment's magnetic characteristics is known as magnetotaxis.  However, this term is misleading in that every other application of the term taxis involves a stimulus-response mechanism.  In contrast to the magnetoreception of animals, the bacteria contain fixed magnets that force the bacteria into alignment—even dead cells are dragged into alignment, just like a compass needle.

Magnetotaxis
Magnetotaxis is a process implemented by a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that involves orienting and coordinating movement in response to Earth's magnetic field. This process is mainly carried out by microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria found in aquatic environments such as salt marshes, seawater, and freshwater lakes. By sensing the magnetic field, the bacteria are able to orient themselves towards environments with more favorable oxygen concentrations. This orientation towards more favorable oxygen concentrations allows the bacteria to reach these environments faster as opposed to random movement through Brownian motion.
2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals
The 2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals were the third stage of the 2016–17 edition of the Men's FIH Hockey World League. It took place in June and July 2017. A total of 20 teams competed in 2 events in this round of the tournament playing for 7 berths in the Final, to be played between 2 and 10 December 2017 in Bhubaneswar, India.

This round also served as a qualifier for the 2018 Men's Hockey World Cup as the 10/11 highest placed teams apart from the host nation and the five continental champions qualified.

2018 Men's Hockey World Cup
The 2018 Men's Hockey World Cup was the 14th edition of the Hockey World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national field hockey teams organized by the FIH. It was held from 28 November to 16 December 2018, at the Kalinga Hockey Stadium in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The inauguration ceremony which was held on 27 November 2018, witnessed the biggest ever drone flying show in India.

Belgium won the tournament for the first time after defeating the Netherlands 3–2 in the final on a penalty shoot-out after a 0–0 draw. Defending champions Australia won the third place match by defeating England 8–1 in the third place playoff of the Odisha men's hockey world cup 2018.
301st Bombardment Squadron
The 301st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was activated at Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico in June 1952 as the 301st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron and equipped with Convair RB-36 Peacemakers.  From Ramey, it trained for long range reconnaissance and, later, as the 301st Bombardment Squadron, bombardment missions.  It became non-operational in 1958 as its parent wing prepared to transition to the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress.  As Strategic Air Command dispersed its strategic bomber force, it moved to Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, where it was assigned to the 4135th Strategic Wing and began to equip with B-52s.  At Eglin, it stood alert and participated in the testing of the AGM-28 Hound Dog missile.  It was inactivated on 1 February 1963, transferring its personnel, equipment and mission to another unit.

AGM-28 Hound Dog
The North American Aviation AGM-28 Hound Dog was a supersonic, turbojet-propelled, nuclear armed, air-launched cruise missile developed in 1959 for the United States Air Force. It was primarily designed to be capable of attacking Soviet ground-based air defense sites prior to a potential air attack by B-52 Stratofortress long range bombers during the Cold War. The Hound Dog was first given the designation B-77, then redesignated GAM-77, and finally AGM-28. It was conceived as a temporary standoff missile for the B-52, to be used until the GAM-87 Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile was available. Instead, the Skybolt was cancelled within a few years and the Hound Dog continued to be deployed for a total of 15 years until its replacement by newer missiles, including the AGM-69 SRAM and then the AGM-86 ALCM.
Kearney micropolitan area, Nebraska
The Kearney Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in Nebraska, anchored by the city of Kearney.

As of the 2010 census, the area had a population of 52,591 (though a July 1, 2011 estimate placed the population at 53,278).

Kearney, Nebraska
Kearney (/ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee) is a city and the county seat of Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 33,790 in the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous city in Nebraska. It is home to the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The westward push of the railroad as the Civil War ended gave new birth to the community.
California's 10th congressional district
California's 10th congressional district is a congressional district in the San Francisco Bay Area U.S. state of California. It is currently represented by Democrat Mark DeSaulnier.

Since redistricting in 2022, the 10th district is mostly in Contra Costa County with a small portion in Alameda County. It includes the cities of Concord, Walnut Creek, Danville, San Ramon, Brentwood, and southern Antioch in Contra Costa County, and eastern Dublin in Alameda County. It was essentially the successor of the old 11th district.

The district previously included all of Stanislaus County and part of San Joaquin County. It was centered on Modesto. Cities in the district included Oakdale, Manteca, Modesto, Tracy, and Turlock.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
Histone methylation
Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how many methyl groups are attached. Methylation events that weaken chemical attractions between histone tails and DNA increase transcription because they enable the DNA to uncoil from nucleosomes so that transcription factor proteins and RNA polymerase can access the DNA. This process is critical for the regulation of gene expression that allows different cells to express different genes.

H4K20me
H4K20me is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H4. It is a mark that indicates the methylation at the 20th lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. This mark can be  mono-, di-, or tri-methylated.  It is critical for genome integrity including DNA damage repair, DNA replication and chromatin compaction.

H4K20me2 is the most common methylation state on histone H4 and was one of the earliest modified histone residues to be identified back in pea and calf extracts in 1969. It is one of only two identified methylated lysine residues on the H4 histone, the other being monomethylated H4K12.

Each degree of methylation at H4K20 has a very different cellular process. The loss of H4K20me3 along with a reduction of H4K16ac is a strong indicator of cancer.
March 2020 Daraa clashes
The March 2020 Daraa clashes was an armed conflict between rebel fighters aligned with the Free Syrian Army and Syrian government forces in the Daraa Governorate. Clashes began after the start of a government security operation against FSA insurgent cells in Al-Sanamayn and other areas in the Daraa governorate that have been active since 2018 after the defeat of rebel forces in the province. This crackdown led to actions of retaliation by rebels across the province that led to levels of fighting unseen on such a scale since the government offensive in 2018. The fighters involved in the attack are believed to be former rebel fighters that surrendered to the government in 2018, as well as former rebels that defected to the government, and had been working against the government from within.

Daraa Governorate
Daraa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة درعا Muḥāfaẓat Dar‘ā) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the south-west of the country and covers an area of 2594 km2. It is bordered by Jordan to the south, Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights to the west, Rif Dimashq Governorate to the north and Suwayda Governorate to the east. The capital is the city of Daraa.

The governorate had a population of 843,478 in the 2004 census.
Several clashes have occurred within the governorate throughout the Syrian civil war.
Paul Vance
Joseph Paul Florio (November 4, 1929 – May 30, 2022), known professionally as Paul Vance, was an American songwriter and record producer, primarily from the 1950s until the 1970s.

His most successful song compositions, all written with Lee Pockriss, included "Catch a Falling Star", "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini", and "Tracy".

Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini
"Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini" is a novelty song telling the story of a shy girl wearing a revealing polka dot bikini at the beach. It was written by Paul Vance and Lee Pockriss and first released in June 1960 by Brian Hyland, with an orchestra conducted by John Dixon. The Hyland version reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, selling a million copies in the US, and was a worldwide hit.

The song has been adapted into French as "Itsy bitsy petit bikini" and into German as "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Honolulu-Strand-Bikini", reaching number one on national charts in both languages. Several versions of the song have proved successful in various European countries. In 1990 a version by British pop band Bombalurina, titled "Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini", reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and in Ireland.
Mangshi
Mangshi (Chinese: 芒市; Wade–Giles: Mangshih; Tai Nüa: ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥩᥢᥴ; Jingpho: Mangshi Myu), former name Luxi (潞西), is a county-level city and the seat of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in western Yunnan province, China. Mangshi has an area of 2,900.91 km2 (1,120.05 sq mi), with an urban area of 18.66 km2 (7.20 sq mi). Han Chinese, Dai people (Tai Nuea branch) and Jingpo people (Zaiwa branch) are the major ethnic groups. Luxi County was established in 1949, and became a county-level city in 1996.

Tai Nuea language
Tai Nuea or Tai Nüa (ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ, pronounced [tai˥.lə˧˥] (Mangshi) or ᥖᥭᥰ ᥢᥫᥴ, [tɑi˥˧.nə˥] (Menglian); Chinese: 傣那语; pinyin: Dǎinàyǔ; တဲးနိူဝ်, တႆးၼိူဝ်; Burmese: တိုင်းနေ; Thai: ภาษาไทเหนือ, pronounced [pʰāːsǎː tʰāj nɯ̌a]), also called Dehong Tai (Chinese: 德宏傣语; pinyin: Déhóng Dǎiyǔ; Thai: ภาษาไทใต้คง, pronounced [pʰāːsǎː tʰāj tâːj.kʰōŋ]) and Chinese Shan, is one of the languages spoken by the Dai people in China, especially in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in the southwest of Yunnan Province. It is closely related to the other Tai languages and could be considered a dialect of Shan. It should not be confused with Tai Lü (Xishuangbanna Dai).
Thomas B. Marsh
Thomas Baldwin Marsh (November 1, 1800 – January 1866) was an early leader in the Latter-day Saint movement and an original member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, who served as the quorum's first president in the Church of the Latter Day Saints from 1835 to 1838. He withdrew from the church in 1838, was excommunicated from it in 1839, and remained disaffected for almost 19 years. Marsh was rebaptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in July 1857, but never again served in church leadership positions.

George A. Smith
George Albert Smith (June 26, 1817 – September 1, 1875) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. He served in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and as a member of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Smith was a prominent leader in the settlement of many communities in southern Utah, and played a role in the chain of events preceding the Mountain Meadows Massacre on September 11, 1857. The city of St. George, Utah, may have been named after him.
Mandla Ndlovu
Mandla Padney Ndlovu (born 21 September 1969) is a South African politician who has served as the sixth Premier of Mpumalanga since June 2024. Between October 2022 and June 2024, he served as Mpumalanga's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Public Works, Roads and Transport. He previously served as the MEC for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs May 2022 until October 2022. He has been a member of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature since May 2022. Ndlovu is the provincial chairperson of the African National Congress in Mpumalanga.

Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress
The Provincial Executive Committees (PECs) of the African National Congress (ANC) are the chief executive organs of the party's nine provincial branches. Comprising the so-called “Top Five” provincial officials and up to 30 additional elected members, each is structured similarly to the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) and is elected every four years at party provincial conferences.

The “Top Five” officials at the head of each PEC are the ANC Provincial Chairperson, the political leader of the party in the province; the ANC Provincial Secretary, a full-time party functionary; their respective deputies; and the Provincial Treasurer. With some notable exceptions, especially under President Thabo Mbeki, the Provincial Chairperson often becomes the ANC's candidate for election as Premier in the corresponding provincial government, and other members of the PEC are often appointed to the provincial cabinet as Members of the Executive Council.
Jason Lambert
Jason L. Lambert (born September 23, 1977) is a retired American mixed martial artist. A professional from 2001 until 2013, he competed for the UFC, WEC, Bellator, King of the Cage, and AFC. He is the former WEC light heavyweight champion.

Renato Sobral
Renato Sobral da Cunha (Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁeˈnatu soˈbɾaw]; born 7 September 1975), also known as "Babalu", is a retired Brazilian Luta Livre submission grappler, mixed martial artist, and was the former Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Champion. Sobral previously fought in the Ultimate Fighting Championship, where he posted a 6–4 record and has also competed for Bellator, RINGS, Jungle Fight, Cage Rage, Affliction, and ONE Championship. He is the Head Instructor of Babalu's Iron Gym Cerritos and has a Luta Livre black belt under Marco Ruas and also a Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt under Carlos Gracie Jr.
Transmission Suite (album)
Transmission Suite is a 2019 studio album by the British electronic music group, 808 State. It is their seventh studio album, released 17 years after their last album Outpost Transmission. It is also their final to feature Andy Barker, who died on 6 November 2021, leaving Graham Massey as the sole remaining member of the group. Before the album was released, the group produced two EP albums called Initial Granada Report and Subsequent Granada Report both released about five months before the album was released.

Initial Granada Report
Initial Granada Report is a 4-track EP by the British electronic music group 808 State. This EP is their first new material in 17 years, the last new material being in 2002's Outpost Transmission. This is the first of two EPs, and is followed by Subsequent Granada Report; both were made to tease the album Transmission Suite. Both EPs each contain two tracks from the album and two stand-alone tracks.
Ivan Enchev-Vidyu
Ivan Enchev-Vidyu (Bulgarian: Иван Енчев-Видю; 29 March 1882, Kazanlak - 27 August 1936, Burgas) was a Bulgarian painter, art critic, illustrator, decorator, cartoonist, scenographer, archaeologist and folklorist.

Kazanlak
Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък [kɐzɐnˈɫɤk] is a town in Stara Zagora Province, Bulgaria. It is located in the middle of the Kazanlak Valley, at the foot of the Balkan Mountains, which forms the eastern part of the Rose Valley. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kazanlak Municipality. The ancient Thracian city of Seuthopolis was situated near the town.

The town is among the 15 biggest industrial centres in Bulgaria, with a population of 44,760 people as of Dec 2017.

It is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols.
Dmitry Pozharsky
Dmitry Mikhaylovich Pozharsky (Russian: Дми́трий Миха́йлович Пожа́рский, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ pɐˈʐarskʲɪj]; 17 October 1577 – 30 April 1642) was a Russian prince known for his military leadership during the Polish–Russian War from 1611 to 1612. Pozharsky formed the Second Volunteer Army with Kuzma Minin in Nizhny Novgorod against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's occupation of Russia during the Time of Troubles, resulting in Polish withdrawal after Russian victory at the Battle of Moscow in 1612. Pozharsky received the unprecedented title of Saviour of the Fatherland from Mikhail I of Russia, becoming a folk hero in Russian culture and honored in the Monument to Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow's Red Square.

Monument to Minin and Pozharsky
The Monument to Minin and Pozharsky (Russian: Па́мятник Ми́нину и Пожа́рскому) is a bronze statue designed by Ivan Martos and located on the Red Square in Moscow, Russia, in front of Saint Basil's Cathedral. The statue commemorates two Russian national heroes Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin, who in 1612 organized a popular uprising that ultimately led to the end of the Polish occupation of Moscow during Polish intervention in Russia, thus putting an end to the Time of Troubles.
Baron Cunliffe
Baron Cunliffe, of Headley in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1914 for Walter Cunliffe, Governor of the Bank of England from 1913 to 1918. As of 2010 the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 1963.

Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron Cunliffe
Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron Cunliffe (3 December 1855 – 6 January 1920) was a British banker who established the merchant banking business of Cunliffe Brothers (after 1920, Goschens & Cunliffe) in London, and who was Governor of the Bank of England from 1913 to 1918, during the critical World War I era. He was created 1st Baron Cunliffe in 1914.  He chaired the Cunliffe Committee which reported in 1918 with a plan for the monetary policy of the central bank and government after the war, which helped to shape fiscal policy.
Estevan Bruins
The Estevan Bruins are a junior ice hockey team playing in the Junior "A" Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL). The team is based in Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada, and plays at Affinity Place. They were founded in 1971, when a previous franchise called the Estevan Bruins, which played in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League from 1957 to 1966 and then the Major Junior Western Hockey League (WHL) from 1966 to 1971, relocated to New Westminster, British Columbia; that franchise is today known as the Kamloops Blazers.

Estevan
Estevan is the eleventh-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is approximately 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of the Canada–United States border. The Souris River runs by the city. This city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Estevan No. 5.
Elizabeth Guzmán
Elizabeth Rosalina Guzmán is an American politician and social worker serving as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates for the 22nd district since 2026. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as a member of Virginia's House of Delegates from 2018 to 2024. Guzmán was first elected in 2017 after defeating incumbent Republican Scott Lingamfelter, and was re-elected in 2025 after defeating incumbent Republican Ian Lovejoy.

As a Delegate, Guzmán passed legislation to repeal Virginia's Jim Crow-era prohibition on public sector collective bargaining and provide paid sick leave to home health care workers.

Guzmán was Virginia co-chair of the Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign. In June 2020, Guzmán was elected at the Democratic Party of Virginia State Convention to represent the Commonwealth of Virginia at the DNC.

Ian Lovejoy
Ian Travis Lovejoy (born January 3, 1982) is an American Republican politician from Virginia. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in the 2023 Virginia House of Delegates election from the 22nd district. Lovejoy is a former Manassas City Councillor.

In the 2025 Virginia House of Delegates election, he was unseated by Democrat Elizabeth Guzmán.
KV64
KV64 is the tomb of an unknown Eighteenth Dynasty individual in the Valley of the Kings, near Luxor, Egypt that was re-used in the Twenty-second Dynasty for the burial of the priestess Nehmes Bastet, who held the office of "chantress" at the temple of Karnak. The tomb is located on the pathway to KV34 (tomb of Thutmose III) in the main Valley of the Kings. KV64 was discovered in 2011 and excavated in 2012 by Susanne Bickel and Elina Paulin-Grothe of the University of Basel.

Susanne Bickel
Susanne Bickel (born 1960, in Rome) is a Swiss Egyptologist. She studied Egyptology in Geneva and then worked at the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology in Cairo and the Swiss Institute of Egyptian Antiquity. She has worked as an archaeologist on multiple sites in Middle and Upper Egypt.
Since 2000, she has been a lecturer at the University of Freiburg and since 2006, professor of Egyptology at the University of Basel where she is an expert on Ancient Egyptian deities and demons. Susanne Bickel's research focuses on religion and Egyptian archaeology, particularly the documentation of Egyptian temples. Bickel is director of the University of Basel Kings' Valley Project and was a member of the team that excavated the KV64 tomb, containing the burial of Nehmes Bastet, in 2011.