hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lyapunov dimension
In the mathematics of dynamical systems, the concept of Lyapunov dimension was suggested by Kaplan and Yorke for estimating the Hausdorff dimension of attractors. 
Further the concept has been developed and rigorously justified in a number of papers, and nowadays various different approaches to the definition of Lyapunov dimension are used. Attractors with noninteger Hausdorff dimension are called strange attractors. Since the direct numerical computation of the Hausdorff dimension of attractors is often a problem of high numerical complexity, estimations via the Lyapunov dimension became widely spread.
The Lyapunov dimension was named after the Russian mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov because of the close connection with the Lyapunov exponents.

Kaplan–Yorke conjecture
In applied mathematics, the Kaplan–Yorke conjecture concerns the dimension of an attractor, using Lyapunov exponents. By arranging the Lyapunov exponents in order from largest to smallest , let j be the largest index for which

and

Then the conjecture is that the dimension of the attractor is

This idea is used for the definition of the Lyapunov dimension.
Abdullah Al-Hashimi
Abdullah ibn Nabil Mahmoud Al-Hashimi (Jawi: عبدالله ابن نبيل محمود الهشيمي; born 11 March 1989) is a member of the royal family of Brunei as the husband of Princess Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah, a daughter of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei.

Princess Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah
Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah (Jawi: فضيلة لباب البلقية; born 23 August 1985) is a member of the royal family of Brunei. She is the ninth child of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei by his former second wife, Mariam Abdul Aziz.
Kamilo Gata
Kamilo Gata (12 December 1949 - 16 November 2004) was a Wallisian politician who represented Wallis and Futuna in the French National Assembly from 1989 to 1997. A lawyer, he left the local Rally for the Republic to found his own party, the People's Union for Wallis and Futuna, and won the 1989 legislative election against Benjamin Brial. Throughout his political career, his party the UPWF never obtained a majority in territorial elections. Re-elected in 1993, he served a second term. He was defeated in the 1997 French legislative election as well as in the senatorial election of 1998. He became social and economic adviser of Wallis-and-Futuna in 1999. He was the husband of politician Kalala Gata-Kilifekai.

Benjamin Brial
Benjamin Brial (9 June 1923 – 12 November 2004) was a Wallisian politician who represented Wallis and Futuna in the French National Assembly from 1967 to 1988 as part of the Union of Democrats for the Republic and then the Rally for the Republic. He was a member of the Brial family, involved in trade and politics in Wallis and Futuna.
Navy League Wrennette Corps
The Navy League Wrennette Corps was formed by the Navy League of Canada in 1950 as a cadet organisation for girls to complement the Navy League Cadet Corps of Canada.

It had similar objectives to the boys' organisation, and taught girls seamanship.  As can be seen from the quotation below, boys and girls are now treated equally.  The old Wrennettes organisation is now a part of the Navy League Cadet Corps:

The term "Cadet" is used to refer to both male and female cadets. The term Wrennette is no longer used for female cadets except in a historical sense. The term Cadet is not meant to be gender specific.

Navy League Cadet Corps (Canada)
The Navy League Cadet Corps (French: Corps de cadets de la Ligue navale) was created by the Navy League of Canada for boys in 1948, and the Navy League Wrennette Corps was formed for girls in 1950. The Wrennette program no longer exists, since the Navy League Cadet Corps are now open to boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 12.

The Navy League Cadet programme is separate from the Canadian Cadet Organizations. It is solely sponsored by the Navy League of Canada, and it is not supported by the Department of National Defence like the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets. The Navy League Cadet programme is led by civilian volunteers, who are Navy League Officers supervised by local branches of the Navy League of Canada.

The training programme of the Navy League Cadets introduces youth to the training available in the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets and is modified to serve the needs of the younger age group.
Remembrance Drive
Remembrance Drive is a rural road that links Camden and Alpine on the fringes of south-western Sydney, New South Wales. The road served as the former alignment of Hume Highway and now forms part of Old Hume Highway.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
Rectus abdominis muscle
The rectus abdominis,  (Latin: straight abdominal) also known as the "abdominal muscle" or simply better known as the "abs", and sometimes informally referred to as the "six-pack", is a pair of segmented skeletal muscle on the ventral aspect of a person's abdomen. The paired muscle is separated at the midline by a band of dense connective tissue called the linea alba, and the connective tissue defining each lateral margin of the rectus abdominus is the linea semilunaris. The muscle extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of the 5th–7th ribs superiorly.

The rectus abdominis muscle is contained in the rectus sheath, which consists of the aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles. Each rectus abdominus is traversed by bands of connective tissue called the tendinous intersections, which interrupt it into distinct muscle bellies.

Rectus sheath
The rectus sheath (also called the rectus fascia) is a tough fibrous compartment formed by the aponeuroses of the transverse abdominal muscle, and the internal and external oblique muscles. It contains the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles, as well as vessels and nerves.
B. Lenin
Bhimsingh Lenin (born 15 August 1947) is an Indian film editor, writer and director who works in Tamil, Malayalam and Hindi films. The son of Tamil film maker A. Bhimsingh, Lenin entered the film industry as an assistant editor and went on to work in numerous projects before making his debut as an independent editor with Mahendran's Uthiripookkal (1979). In the mid 1980s, Lenin started jointly working with his long-time assistant V. T. Vijayan and the duo has so far edited over a hundred films.

As of 2017, Lenin has won five National Film Awards, including the awards for Best Direction and Best Editing. He was the chairman of the Film Federation of India of India in 2011.

A. Bhimsingh
A. Bhimsingh or Bhim Singh (15 October 1924–16 January 1978) was an Indian filmmaker who worked predominantly in Tamil cinema. Apart from Tamil, he made films in other languages that include 18 films in Hindi, 8 in Telugu, 5 in Malayalam and 1 film in Kannada. Hailing from Andhra Pradesh, he started his film career as an assistant editor with the film-making duo Krishnan–Panju in the late 1940s. Later, he became an assistant director before evolving as an independent director. His films mainly dealt with family and relationships. He made a series of films all of which started with the Tamil syllable pa, mainly with Sivaji Ganesan.
Egmore metro station
Egmore Metro is an underground metro station on the South-East Corridor of the Green Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. This station will serve the neighbourhoods of Egmore and Vepery. This station covers an area of about 8,000 square meter and is located adjacent to the Egmore railway station. The station has four entry and exit points.

Chennai Egmore railway station
Chennai Egmore (also known as Chennai Elumbur, formerly Madras Egmore) (station code: MS), is a major railway station in Chennai, India. It is classified as a NSG–1 category station and comes under the purview of the Chennai railway division of the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is situated in the neighbourhood of Egmore, with the main entrance situated on Gandhi-Irwin road and the rear entrance on Poonamallee high road. It caters to inter-city express trains, multiple units, and suburban services.

The station served as the terminus of the South Indian Railway Company in Madras since the 1880s. The construction of the terminal building began in September 1905 and it was officially opened on 11 June 1908. The building is built in Indo Saracenic style. In 1951, the station became part of the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Abacaenum
Abacaenum (Ancient Greek: Ἀβάκαινον; Ἀβάκαινα) was an ancient city of Magna Graecia in Sicily, situated about 6.5 km from the north coast, between Tyndaris (modern Tindari) and Mylae (modern Milazzo), and 13 km from the former city.

Remains of the city have been excavated from 2005.

Tindari
Tindari (Italian: [ˈtindari]; Sicilian: Lu Tìnnaru [lʊ ˈtinnaɾʊ]), ancient Tyndaris (Ancient Greek: Τυνδαρίς, Strab.) or Tyndarion (Τυνδάριον, Ptol.), is a small town, frazione (suburb or municipal component) in the comune of Patti and a Latin Catholic titular see.

The monumental ruins of ancient Tyndaris are a main attraction for visitors and excavations are continuing to reveal more parts of the city.

Tindari has a famous sanctuary and is also famous for the poem Vento a Tindari, written by Salvatore Quasimodo.
Callerton Parkway Metro station
Callerton Parkway is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the hamlet of Black Callerton and suburb of Woolsington, in the English city of Newcastle upon Tyne. It is adjacent to a level crossing that carries Callerton Lane across the rail line. The station opened in 1991, following the opening of the extension of the Metro from Bank Foot to Newcastle Airport.

Newcastle Airport Metro station
Airport (also known as Newcastle Airport) is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving Newcastle International Airport in the English city of Newcastle upon Tyne. It opened as a terminus station in 1991, following the opening of the extension from Bank Foot to Airport.
Boston Mountains
The Boston Mountains is a Level III ecoregion designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. states of Arkansas and Oklahoma. Part of the Ozarks, the Boston Mountains are a deeply dissected plateau. The ecoregion is steeper than the adjacent Springfield Plateau to the north, and bordered on the south by the Arkansas Valley. The Oklahoma portion of the range is locally referred to as the Cookson Hills.  There are several theories of how the mountains were named, though apparently none are related to the Massachusetts city.

The Boston Mountains ecoregion has been subdivided into two Level IV ecoregions.

Cookson Hills
The Cookson Hills are in eastern Oklahoma. They are an extension of the Boston Mountains of Arkansas to the east and the southwestern margin of the Ozark Plateau. They lie generally between Stilwell, Sallisaw and Tahlequah. The area became part of the Cherokee Nation in the early 20th century until 1907, when Oklahoma became a state.
Tamera Mowry
Tamera Darvette Mowry-Housley (née Mowry) (/təˈmɛərə ˈmɔːri/) (born July 6, 1978) is an American actress, television personality, and former singer. She first gained fame for her teen role as Tamera Campbell on the ABC/WB sitcom Sister, Sister (opposite her twin sister Tia Mowry). She has also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches and its sequel, Twitches Too, and played Dr. Kayla Thornton on the medical drama Strong Medicine.

She next starred in a reality television series following her and her twin sister's lives, titled Tia & Tamera, which began airing on the Style Network in 2011 and ended in 2013 after three seasons. From 2013 to 2020, Mowry was one of the co-hosts of the syndicated daytime talk show The Real originally alongside Adrienne Bailon, Tamar Braxton, Loni Love and Jeannie Mai.

Adrienne Bailon-Houghton
Adrienne Eliza Bailon-Houghton (née Bailon (/baɪˈloʊn/); born October 24, 1983) is an American television personality, singer, and actress. She is a former member of the girl groups 3LW and The Cheetah Girls. From 2013 to 2022, Bailon was a co-host of the daytime talk show The Real; for which she won a Daytime Emmy Award. From 2022 to 2023, Bailon-Houghton was a co-anchor of the entertainment news show, E! News.

As an actress, Bailon appeared in The Cheetah Girls films, Coach Carter and All You've Got. She has guest starred in numerous television series including That's So Raven as Alana Rivera (a role she reprised for the series' spin-off, Raven's Home), and as herself in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. In 2013, Bailon became the first Latina host of a daytime talk show in the United States when The Real began. In 2019, she competed in The Masked Singer as the Flamingo, finishing in third place.
Orbital hybridisation
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which forms four single bonds, the valence-shell s orbital combines with three valence-shell p orbitals to form four equivalent sp3 mixtures in a tetrahedral arrangement around the carbon to bond to four different atoms. Hybrid orbitals are useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties and are symmetrically disposed in space. Usually hybrid orbitals are formed by mixing atomic orbitals of comparable energies.

Molecular geometry
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.

Molecular geometry influences several properties of a substance including its reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism and biological activity. The angles between bonds that an atom forms depend only weakly on the rest of a molecule, i.e. they can be understood as approximately local and hence transferable properties.
Carmel Valley, California
Carmel Valley is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. The term "Carmel Valley" generally refers to the Carmel River watershed east of California State Route 1, and not specifically to the smaller Carmel Valley Village. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Carmel Valley as a census county division (CCD), with an area covering approximately 189 square miles (490 km2). At the time of the 2020 census the CCD population was 6,189. In November 2009, a majority of residents voted against incorporation.

Carmel Valley Village, California
Carmel Valley Village is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Monterey County, California, United States.  At the time of the 2020 census the CDP population was 4,524, up from 4,407 at the 2010 census. In November 2009, a majority of residents voted against incorporation.
Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.

Tigrinya people
The Tigrinya people (Tigrinya: ትግርኛ, romanized: Təgrəñña, pronounced [tɨɡrɨɲːä] ⓘ), also known as the Biher-Tigrinya (ብሄረ ትግርኛ, bəherä Təgrəñña) or Kebessa, are a Tigrinya-speaking ethnic group indigenous to the highlands of Eritrea, specifically the historical provinces of Hamasien, Akele Guzai and Seraye.
Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
The Peter and Paul Cathedral (Russian: Петропавловский собор, romanized: Petropavlovskiy sobor) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, Russia. It is the first and oldest landmark in St. Petersburg, built between 1712 and 1733 on Hare Island along the Neva River. Both the cathedral and the fortress were originally built under Peter the Great and designed by Domenico Trezzini. The cathedral's bell tower is the world's tallest Orthodox bell tower. Since the belfry is not standalone, but an integral part of the main building, the cathedral is sometimes considered the second tallest Orthodox Church in the world. There is another Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul Church in St. Petersburg, located in Petergof.

Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress (Russian: Петропавловская крепость, romanized: Petropavlovskaya krepost') is the original citadel of Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress. Between the first half of the 1700s and early 1920s it served as a prison for political criminals. It has been a museum since 1924.
SS City of Chester
The SS City of Chester was a steamship built in 1875 that sank after a collision in a dense fog with SS Oceanic at the Golden Gate in San Francisco Bay on August 22, 1888. She was owned by the Oregon Railroad Co. and leased by the Pacific Coast Steamship Company.

City of Chester had been purchased in October 1876 and brought from New York around South America to Portland, Oregon in March 1877 and used in coastal trade. At the time of the collision the ship was in service from San Francisco to Eureka and other locations in the vicinity. City of Chester was outbound with Oceanic inbound from Hong Kong. Though the ships sighted each other findings indicated the smaller vessel was caught in a tidal current, cut almost in two by the liner and sank in about six minutes with loss of sixteen passengers and three crew.

The wreck was relocated in May 2013 by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Coast Survey Navigational Response Team 6 with multi-beam sonar.

SS Oceanic (1870)
SS Oceanic was the White Star Line's first liner and first member of the Oceanic class; she was an important turning point in passenger liner design. Entering service in 1871 for Atlantic crossings, she was later chartered to Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company (O&O) in 1875. The ship provided passenger service for O&O in the Pacific until 1895 when she was sold for scrap.
Ngagyur Nyingma Nunnery Institute
The Ngagyur Nyingma Nunnery Institute (Tibetan: སྔ་འགྱུར་མཐོ་སློབ་མཚོ་རྒྱལ་བཤད་སྒྲུབ་ཐོས་བསམ་དགའ་བའི་ཚལ།) was founded by Penor Rinpoche in 1995. Buddhist nuns there study a nine-year course on sutra and tantra along with poetry, grammar, composition and so on, a syllabus virtually identical to that of Ngagyur Nyingma Institute. In 2002, the institute began sending teachers to teach in other nunneries including to India, Bhutan, and Nepal.

Ngagyur Nyingma Institute
The Ngagyur Nyingma Institute (Tib: སྔ་འགྱུར་མཐོ་སློབ་མདོ་སྔགས་རིག་པའི་འབྱུང་གནས་གླིང་།, Wylie: snga 'gyur mtho slob mdo sngags rig pa'i 'byung gnas gling) of Namdroling Monastery was established by Penor Rinpoche in 1978.
Liu Penzi
Liu Penzi (Chinese: 劉盆子; 10 AD – after 27 AD) was a puppet emperor placed on the Han dynasty throne temporarily by the Red Eyebrows (Chimei) rebels after the collapse of the Xin dynasty, from 25 to 27 AD. Liu Penzi and his two brothers were forced into the Red Eyebrows as child soldiers. When the Red Eyebrows submitted to the new Gengshi Emperor, his older brother Liu Gong fled to support the new emperor. Later, the Red Eyebrows rose again in rebellion and chose Liu Penzi as emperor. When they took Chang'an, Liu Penzi was officially Emperor of China, but he never had actual powers. When Liu Xiu definitively defeated the Red Eyebrows, he spared the 17-year-old puppet emperor.

Gengshi Emperor
The Gengshi Emperor (died c. November 25 AD), born Liu Xuan, was an emperor of the Han dynasty that had been restored following the downfall of Wang Mang's short-lived Xin dynasty. He was also known by his courtesy name Shenggong and as the King or Prince of Huaiyang, a posthumous title bestowed upon him by Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han. The Gengshi Emperor was viewed as a weak and incompetent ruler, who briefly ruled over an empire willing to let him rule over them, but was unable to keep that empire together. He was eventually deposed by the Red Eyebrows and strangled a few months after his defeat.

Traditionally, historians treated his emperor status ambiguously: sometimes he would be referred to as the Gengshi Emperor, and sometimes by his posthumous title, Prince of Huaiyang. The regime of the Gengshi Emperor is known in historiography as the Xuan Han (玄漢), after his personal name Liu Xuan.
Seongjeosimni
Seongjeosimni (Korean: 성저십리; Hanja: 城底十里, or sometimes romanized as Seongjeo Shibri) was the peripheral area of Joseon's capital city, Hanseongbu (한성부), literally meaning areas 10 Ri (Korean mile) around the Fortress Wall of Seoul. Though this area was outside of the Fortress Wall, clearly it was a suburb area within city limits of the Hanseongbu. While it was mainly a residential area, some of its components took important role in Joseon's governmental functions, including diplomacy and defense.

Seoul City Wall
The Seoul City Wall (Korean: 서울 성곽) or Hanyang Doseong (한양도성) is a defensive wall first built by the King Taejo of Joseon dynasty to defend the downtown area of Joseon's capital city Hanseong (한성; 漢城). It was designated as a Historic Site of South Korea in 1963, and is currently a tourist attraction around Downtown Seoul.
LPX (form factor)
LPX (short for low profile extension) was a loosely defined motherboard format (form factor) widely used from the late 1980s to the late 1990s. The format was originally developed by Western Digital who based their design off the IBM PS/2 Model 30. A defining feature of motherboards with the LPX form factor is the integration of controllers and ports, which used to be separate add-ons on the earlier AT and Baby AT motherboards, as well as riser cards and slimline power supplies. The use of a riser card to horizontally position expansion cards allowed computer cases designed around LPX motherboards to be much smaller than earlier AT-based cases.

IBM PS/2 Model 30
The Personal System/2 Model 30 and Personal System/2 Model 30 286 are IBM's entry-level desktop computers in their Personal System/2 (PS/2) family of personal computers. As opposed to higher-end entries in the PS/2 line which use Micro Channel bus architecture, the Model 30 features the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, allowing it to use expansion cards from its direct predecessors, the PC/XT and the PC/AT. The original PS/2 Model 30, released in April 1987, is built upon the Intel 8086 microprocessor clocked at 8 MHz and features the 8-bit ISA bus; the Model 30 286, released in September 1988, features the Intel 80286 clocked at 10 MHz and includes the 16-bit ISA bus.

IBM succeeded the Model 30 and Model 286 with the Personal System/2 Model 35 and Personal System/2 Model 40 subfamilies. Like their predecessors, the PS/2 Model 35 and PS/2 Model 40 use the ISA bus and were intended as entry-level models.