hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
London Buses route 180
London Buses route 180 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Erith Quarry and North Greenwich bus station, it is operated by Stagecoach London subsidiary Selkent.

Selkent
South East London & Kent Bus Company Limited, trading as Stagecoach London, is a bus company operating in central and south London and some parts of north-west Kent. The Selkent brand is a subsidiary of Stagecoach London and operates services under contract to Transport for London. The Selkent brand is not publicly used since 2010 as all buses are branded as Stagecoach, but it exists as a legal entity.

Selkent shares its headquarters with sister company East London at West Ham.
Shinnecock Indian Nation
The Shinnecock Indian Nation is a federally recognized tribe of historically Algonquian-speaking Native Americans based at the eastern end of Long Island, New York. This tribe is headquartered in Suffolk County, on the southeastern shore. Since the mid-19th century, the tribe's landbase is the Shinnecock Reservation within the geographic boundaries of the Town of Southampton. Their name roughly translates into English as "people of the stony shore".

Southampton, New York
Southampton, officially the Town of Southampton, is a town in southeastern Suffolk County, New York, partly on the South Fork of Long Island. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the town had a population of 69,036. Southampton is included in the stretch of shoreline prominently known as the Hamptons.

Stony Brook University has a campus in Southampton.
Kamov Ka-50
The Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark" (Russian: Камов Ка-50 «Чёрная акула», romanized: Chyornaya akula, English: kitefin shark, literally: black shark), NATO reporting name Hokum A, is a Soviet/Russian single-seat attack helicopter with the distinctive coaxial rotor system of the Kamov design bureau. It was designed in the 1980s and adopted for service in the Russian army in 1995. The Ka-50 is manufactured by the Progress company in Arsenyev. It is used as a heavily armed scout helicopter and has a rescue ejection system, rare for helicopters.

During the late 1990s, Kamov and Israel Aerospace Industries developed a tandem-seat cockpit version, the Kamov Ka-50-2 "Erdogan" (Russian: Эрдоган, Turkish: Erdoğan), to compete in Turkey's attack helicopter competition. Kamov also designed another two-seat variant, the Kamov Ka-52 "Alligator" (Russian: Аллигатор, NATO reporting name: Hokum B).  The Ka-52's unit cost is US$16 million as of 2023.

Coaxial-rotor aircraft
A coaxial-rotor aircraft is an aircraft whose rotors are mounted on concentric shafts with the same axis of rotation but turn in opposite directions (contra-rotating). This is done to offset the yawing movement that one rotor imparts on the aircraft. Benefits of this system also include avoiding the dissymmetry of lift problem, reduced noise, and a reduced size of aircraft due to not needing a tail rotor. These advantages come at the cost of increased mechanical complexity for the rotor assembly.

This rotor configuration is a feature of helicopters produced by the Russian Kamov helicopter design bureau.
Alastair Fothergill
Alastair David William Fothergill OBE (born 10 April 1960) is a British producer of nature documentaries for television and cinema. He is the series producer of the series The Blue Planet (2001), Planet Earth (2006) and the co-director of the associated feature films Deep Blue and Earth.

The Blue Planet
The Blue Planet is a British nature documentary series created and co-produced as a co-production between the BBC Natural History Unit and Discovery Channel. It premiered on 12 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. It is narrated by David Attenborough.

Described as "the first ever comprehensive series on the natural history of the world's oceans", each of the eight 50-minute episodes examines a different aspect of marine life. The underwater photography included creatures and behaviour that had previously never been filmed.

The series won a number of Emmy and BAFTA TV awards for its music and cinematography. The executive producer was Alastair Fothergill and the music was composed by George Fenton. Attenborough narrated this series before presenting the next in his 'Life' series of programmes, The Life of Mammals (2002), and the same production team created Planet Earth (2006).

A sequel series, Blue Planet II was aired on BBC One in 2017.
Bonawentura Madaliński
Bonawentura Madaliński (d. 1691) was a Polish nobleman and clergyman who was Bishop of Płock and Kujawy.

According to historian Stanisław Karwowski, Madaliński was born to Piotr of Niedzielska, a nobleman who claimed the Larissa coat of arms. According to historian Antoni Julian Nowowiejski, Madaliński, once ordained, initiated his early career with Krzysztof Opaliński, Karol Ferdynand Vasa, and eventually John Casimir. In 1672, he was coadjutor of Płock, then Bishop of Płock in 1675, and finally Bishop of Kujawy in 1680. As Bishop of Kujawy, he carried out canonical visitations throughout the archdeanery of Pomerania in the years 1686–1687.

Madaliński died in 1691 and was buried at the cathedral in Włocławek. According to Karwowski, the cathedral benefited from Madaliński's charity.

Diocese of Włocławek
The Diocese of Włocławek (Latin: Dioecesis Vladislaviensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Poland. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Gniezno. Until the 20th century, it was known as the Diocese of Kujawy.

The bishops' seat is Włocławek Cathedral, also a minor basilica: Bazylika Katedralna Wniebowzięcia NMP in the city of Włocławek, in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. The diocese has two more Minor Basilicas:

Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń (Polish: Bazylika MB Bolesnej Królowej Polski), in Licheń Stary, Wielkopolskie

Bazylika Wniebowzięcia NMP, in Zduńska Wola, Łódzkie.

The diocese is currently headed by Bishop Krzysztof Jakub Wętkowski, appointed in 2021.
Sutterton
Sutterton is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Boston in Lincolnshire, England, approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Boston. The population of the parish at the 2021 census was 1,769, up from 1,585 in 2011.

Sutterton parish church is dedicated to St Mary the Blessed Virgin. The village has a post office and general store, one public house and restaurant, a fish-and-chip shop, a garden centre, a veterinary practice, a doctors' practice and a village hall used in conjunction with the primary school.
Close to the east is Algarkirk, with which Sutterton shares Sutterton Fourfields Primary School.

Borough of Boston
The Borough of Boston is a local government district with borough status in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Boston. The borough also includes numerous villages in the surrounding rural area including Wyberton, Sutterton, Algakirk and Hubberts Bridge. As well as Kirton, the only other town in the borough.

The borough borders South Holland to the south, North Kesteven to the west, and East Lindsey to the north. To the east, it has a coast onto the Wash.
Yusaf Khan (general)
Muhammad Yusaf Khan NI(M) HI(M) LoM (Urdu: محمد یوسف خان; born February 10, 1948) was a senior general of the Pakistan Army who served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS) from October 8, 2001 until October 7, 2004. Following the end of his 3-year term in October 2004, he was succeeded by General Ahsan Saleem Hyat.

Ahsan Saleem Hayat
General Ahsan Saleem Hayat NI(M) HI(M) LoM LoH (Urdu: احسن سلیم حیات ; born 10 January 1948), is a retired senior officer of the Pakistan Army who served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army from 2004 until his retirement in 2007. Prior to that, he served as the operational field commander of the V Corps in Sindh Province and was a full-tenured professor of war studies at the National Defence University. He was succeeded by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani on 8 October 2007.
Ardennes (department)
Ardennes (French: [aʁdɛn] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the broader Ardennes. Its prefecture is the town Charleville-Mézières. The department has 270,582 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ardennais or Ardennaises.

Charleville-Mézières
Charleville-Mézières (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁləvil mezjɛʁ] ⓘ) is a commune of northern France and the prefecture of the Ardennes department, in the Grand Est region.
Charleville-Mézières is located on the banks of the river Meuse.
Deportivo Alavés
Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [depoɾˈtiβo alaˈβes]; Sporting Alavés), usually known as Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Founded on 23 January 1921 as Sport Friends Club, the club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

It is recognized as the third-most successful team in the Basque Country following Athletic Club of Bilbao and Real Sociedad of San Sebastián. Its biggest success was in 2001 when, in the year of its debut in European competition, it reached the 2001 UEFA Cup Final, where it played against Liverpool. It was defeated 5–4 on a golden goal. In 2017, the club reached the final of the Copa del Rey, losing 3–1 to Barcelona.

The team's home kit is blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks. It holds home matches at the 19,840-seater Mendizorrotza Stadium and uses other facilities located in Ibaia dedicated to training.

2017 Copa del Rey final
The 2017 Copa del Rey final was a football match played on 27 May 2017 to decide the winner of the 2016–17 Copa del Rey, the 115th edition of Spain's primary football cup (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The match was between Barcelona and Alavés at the Vicente Calderón in Madrid.

As winners, Barcelona faced Real Madrid in the 2017 Supercopa de España, and qualified for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League group stage. However, as they had already qualified for the Champions League through their league position, the Europa League spot was thus passed down the league to sixth-placed side Real Sociedad.
Jonathan Grey
Jonathan Grey (born January 13, 1992) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Biñan Tatak Gel of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) and Pilipinas Super League (PSL). He played for the Benilde Blazers of the NCAA when he was in college and previously played in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) for the Meralco Bolts and NorthPort Batang Pier.

NorthPort Batang Pier
The NorthPort Batang Pier were a Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) team that first played in the 2012–13 PBA season. The team took over the franchise of the Powerade Tigers in 2012 after it was sold to Sultan 900 Capital, Inc. Besides NorthPort, team owner Mikee Romero also co-owned the AirAsia Philippine Patriots of the ASEAN Basketball League. The franchise was bought by Pureblends Corporation in 2025, converting the team into the Titan Ultra Giant Risers.
Frederick Webb Hodge
Frederick Webb Hodge (October 28, 1864 – September 28, 1956) was an American editor, anthropologist, archaeologist, and historian. Born in England, he immigrated at the age of seven with his family to Washington, DC. He was educated at American schools, and graduated from Cambridge College (now George Washington University).

He became very interested in Native American history and cultures, and worked for the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1905 to 1918. He collaborated with George Gustav Heye, who had been collecting Native American artifacts, and established the Heye Foundation to support archeological work. Heye founded the Museum of the American Indian in 1916 in New York, where Hodge later served as editor and assistant director. During his time at the Smithsonian, Hodge also conducted archeological expeditions and excavations at Nacoochee Mound in Georgia, and at Hawikuh, near Zuni Pueblo.

George Gustav Heye
George Gustav Heye (1874 – January 20, 1957) was an American collector of Native American artifacts in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in North America. He founded the Museum of the American Indian, and his collection became the core of the National Museum of the American Indian.

It is described as the largest and most comprehensive collection in the world. During his years of collecting and study, Heye funded numerous archeological expeditions and supported scholarly work of the time. He established the Heye Foundation in the early 20th century to support such work, as well as contributing independently.
The Women of Brewster Place (miniseries)
The Women of Brewster Place is an American television miniseries that was broadcast on March 19 and 20, 1989 on ABC. The miniseries is based upon the critically acclaimed 1982 novel of the same name by Gloria Naylor. It was produced by Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions with a teleplay by Karen Hall. The show's theme song was performed by American R&B singer Vesta Williams, who performed both the opening and closing credits.

The miniseries stars an ensemble cast of African-American actors and actresses such as Winfrey, Cicely Tyson, Jackée Harry, Robin Givens, Lynn Whitfield, Paula Kelly, Lonette McKee, Paul Winfield, Mary Alice, Olivia Cole, Moses Gunn, William Allen Young, and Larenz Tate.

In 1990, it was adapted into a weekly series entitled Brewster Place.

Jackée Harry
Jacqueline Yvonne "Jackée" Harry (born August 14, 1956) is an American actress, comedian, and television personality. She starred as Sandra Clark, the nemesis of Mary Jenkins (played by Marla Gibbs), on the NBC sitcom 227 (1985–1990), and as Lisa Landry on the ABC/The WB sitcom Sister, Sister (1994–1999). Harry was the first African American to win a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.

She also starred in the 1992 film Ladybugs opposite Rodney Dangerfield. Since March 2021, she has played Paulina Price on the NBC/Peacock soap opera Days of Our Lives.
Manchester–Sheffield–Wath electric railway
The Manchester–Sheffield–Wath electric railway was an electrification scheme on British railways.  The route featured long ascents on both sides of the Pennines with the long Woodhead Tunnel at its central summit close to the Woodhead pass.  This led to the route being called the Woodhead Line.

Railway electrification in Great Britain
Railway electrification in Great Britain began in the late 19th century. A range of voltages has been used, employing both overhead lines and conductor rails. The two most common systems are 25 kV AC using overhead lines, and the 750 V DC third rail system used in Southeast England and on Merseyrail. As of October 2023, 6,065 kilometres (3,769 mi) (38%) of the British rail network was electrified.

According to Network Rail, as at 2003, 64% of the electrified network used the 25 kV AC overhead system, and 36% used the 660/750 V DC third-rail system.
Ubuntu Software Center
Ubuntu Software Center, or simply Software Center, is a discontinued high-level graphical front end for the APT/dpkg package management system. It is free software written in Python, PyGTK/PyGObject based on GTK.

The program was created for adding and managing repositories, as well as Ubuntu Personal Package Archives (PPA) and on Ubuntu, the Ubuntu Software Center also allowed users to purchase commercial applications.

Development was ended in 2015 and in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. It was replaced with GNOME Software.

PyGTK
PyGTK is a set of Python wrappers for the GTK graphical user interface library. PyGTK is free software and licensed under the LGPL. It is analogous to PyQt/PySide and wxPython, the Python wrappers for Qt and wxWidgets, respectively. Its original author is GNOME developer James Henstridge. There are six people in the core development team, with various other people who have submitted patches and bug reports. PyGTK has been selected as the environment of choice for applications running on One Laptop Per Child systems.

PyGTK was phased out with the transition to GTK version 3 and be replaced with PyGObject, which uses GObject Introspection to generate bindings for Python and other languages on the fly. This is expected to eliminate the delay between GTK updates and corresponding language binding updates, as well as reduce maintenance burden on the developers.
Valle's Steak House
Valle's Steak House was an American chain of restaurants that operated on the East Coast of the United States from 1933 to 2000.  The chain's menu focused on steaks and lobsters. A family-run business, Valle's aggressively expanded during the early 1970s but was unable to weather the financial challenges of the gas crisis and the resulting economic downturn; increasing labor costs, the death of its founder, and the changing dining habits of its customers.  The last Valle's Steak House closed in August 2000.

Hilltop Steak House
The Hilltop Steak House was an American restaurant located on Route 1 in Saugus, Massachusetts. Founded in 1961 by Frank Giuffrida, it was one of the busiest restaurants in the United States during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The Hilltop closed in 2013.
Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta (/ˌɪbən bætˈtuːtɑː/; 24 February 1304 – 1368/1369) was a Maghrebi Muslim traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling, commonly known as The Rihla. Ibn Battuta travelled more than any other explorer in pre-modern history, totalling around 117,000 km (73,000 mi), surpassing Zheng He with about 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and Marco Polo with 24,000 km (15,000 mi).

The Travels of Ibn Battuta
The Travels of Ibn Battuta (Arabic: تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار Tuḥfat an-nuẓẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār  [A gift for the curious, concerning the wonders of cities and marvels of the journeys thereto]), also known simply as The Rihla (الرحلة ar-riḥla), is the travelogue written by Ibn Battuta, documenting his lifetime of travel and exploration, which according to his description covered about 73,000 miles (117,000 km). Rihla is the Arabic word for a voyage or journey, and it is a genre of travel writing in Arabic literature.
Block graph
In graph theory, a branch of combinatorial mathematics, a block graph or clique tree 
is a type of undirected graph in which every biconnected component (block) is a clique.

Block graphs are sometimes erroneously called Husimi trees (after Kôdi Husimi), but that name more properly refers to cactus graphs, graphs in which every nontrivial biconnected component is a cycle.

Block graphs may be characterized as the intersection graphs of the blocks of arbitrary undirected graphs.

Distance-hereditary graph
In graph theory, a branch of discrete mathematics, a distance-hereditary graph (also called a completely separable graph) is a graph in which the distances in any connected induced subgraph are the same as they are in the original graph. Thus, any induced subgraph inherits the distances of the larger graph.

Distance-hereditary graphs were named and first studied by Howorka (1977), although an equivalent class of graphs was already shown to be perfect in 1970 by Olaru and Sachs.

It has been known for some time that the distance-hereditary graphs constitute an intersection class of graphs, but no intersection model was known until one was given by Gioan & Paul (2012).
Chandler Robbins
Chandler Seymour Robbins (July 17, 1918 – March 20, 2017) was an American ornithologist.  His contributions to the field include co-authorship of an influential field guide to birds, as well as organizing the North American Breeding Bird Survey.

Breeding bird survey
A breeding bird survey monitors the status and trends of bird populations.  Data from the survey are an important source for the range maps found in field guides.  The North American Breeding Bird Survey is a joint project of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Canadian Wildlife Service.  The UK Breeding Bird Survey is administered by the British Trust for Ornithology, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

The results of the BBS are valuable in evaluating the increasing and decreasing range of bird population which can be a key point to bird conservation. The BBS was designed to provide a continent-wide perspective of population change.
Anna of Katzenelnbogen (1443–1494)
Anna of Katzenelnbogen (5 September 1443 in Katzenelnbogen – 16 February 1494 in Marburg) was the daughter of Philipp I, Count of Katzenelnbogen (1402–1479), and his first wife Anna of Württemberg (1408–1471). She is notable for being the great-grandmother to Anne of Cleves, the fourth wife of King Henry VIII of England.

Philipp I, Count of Katzenelnbogen
Philipp I of Katzenelnbogen (1402–1479), also known "Philipp the Elder" was Count of Katzenelnbogen from 1444 to 1479 and was the last male descendant of the Counts of Katzenelnbogen (his two sons died before him).  His parents were Johann IV, Count of Katzenelnbogen (younger line) and Anne of Katzenelnbogen (older line), who merged the two lines of the family back together in 1402.
Gudea cylinders
The Gudea cylinders are a pair of terracotta cylinders dating to c. 2125 BC, on which is written in cuneiform a Sumerian myth called the Building of Ningirsu's temple. The cylinders were made by Gudea, the ruler of Lagash, and were found in 1877 during excavations at Telloh (ancient Girsu), Iraq and are now displayed in the Louvre in Paris, France. They are the largest cuneiform cylinders yet discovered and contain the longest known text written in the Sumerian language.

Lagash
Lagash (/ˈleɪ.ɡæʃ/; cuneiform: 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 LAGAŠKI; Sumerian: Lagaš) was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq. Lagash (modern Al-Hiba in Dhi Qar Governorate) was one of the oldest cities of the Ancient Near East, and the Lagash state incorporated the cities of Lagash, Girsu, and Nina. Girsu (modern Telloh), about 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Lagash, was the religious center of the Lagash state, with its main temple, the E-ninnu, dedicated to the god Ningirsu. The ancient site of Nina (Tell Zurghul), around 10 km (6.2 mi) away, marks the southern limit of the state.
Greensville Correctional Center
Greensville Correctional Center is a prison facility located in unincorporated Greensville County, Virginia, near Jarratt. The prison, on a 1,105-acre (447 ha) plot of land, is operated by the Virginia Department of Corrections. Greensville housed the execution chamber that was used to carry out capital punishment by the Commonwealth of Virginia until the death penalty in Virginia was abolished in 2021.

Virginia Department of Corrections
The Virginia Department of Corrections (VADOC) is the government agency responsible for community corrections and operating prisons and correctional facilities in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The agency is fully accredited by the American Correctional Association and is one of the oldest functioning correctional agencies in the United States. Its headquarters is located in the state capital of Richmond.