hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mel Mermelstein
Melvin Mermelstein (born Moric Mermelstein; September 25, 1926 – January 28, 2022) was a Czechoslovak-born American Holocaust survivor and autobiographer. A Jew, he was the sole survivor of his family's extermination at Auschwitz concentration camp.

He is best known for his litigation with the Institute for Historical Review over evidence of gas chambers in German concentration camps during World War II. The legal dispute was resolved in Mermelstein's favor, without the court giving an opinion on the merits of the dispute, since it ruled that the existence of gas chambers at Auschwitz is a legally indisputable fact.

Institute for Historical Review
The Institute for Historical Review (IHR) is a United States–based nonprofit organization that promotes Holocaust denial. It is considered by many scholars to be central to the international Holocaust denial movement. Self-described as a "historical revisionist" organization, the IHR promotes antisemitic viewpoints and has links to several neo-Nazi and neo-fascist organizations.

The group was founded in 1978 in Torrance, California, by David McCalden and Willis Carto, and is headquartered in Fountain Valley, California. It published the Journal of Historical Review until 2002, but now disseminates its materials through its website and via email. The parent corporation of the IHR and the affiliated Noontide Press is the Legion for the Survival of Freedom.
Gangster Disciples
The Gangster Disciple Nation (often abbreviated as the GDs; formerly GDN, or simply Gangster Disciples), also known as Growth & Development, is an African-American street-gang and prison-gang founded by Larry Hoover (born 1950) in 1960. In 1968, he and his ex-rival David Barksdale (1947–1974), founder of the Black Disciples, came together to form the Black Gangster Disciple Nation (BGDN).

Post-1989, following growing tension between its component parts, the BGDN split into two new factions: Larry Hoover's Gangster Disciple Nation (GDN) and the Black Disciple Nation (BDN). As of 2022, following Hoover's departure, the GDN has no full-time gang leader.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este, Countess of Montizón
Maria Beatrix Anna Frances of Austria-Este (13 February 1824 – 18 March 1906) (Italian: Maria Beatrice Anna Francesca d'Austria-Este) was a high aristocrat from the Austria-Este branch of the House of Habsburg. As daughter to the ruling Duke of Modena she was born archduchess of Austria-Este and princess of Modena. Following her 1847 marriage, she became Infanta of Spain and Countess of Montizón. As the Duchy of Modena was absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy, after 1859 she lived in exile in Imperial Austria. According to the Carlist reading; in 1861-1868, she was the queen consort of Spain. According to the legitimist reading; in 1883-1887, she was the queen consort of France. Since 1853, she lived separately from her husband and did not claim any of the royal titles, though after 1868, she supported the claim of her oldest son, Carlos. Since 1872, she lived in monasteries, first in Graz and since 1898 in Görz.

Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Countess of Chambord
Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (German: Maria Theresia Beatrix Gaëtane, Erzherzogin von Österreich-Este, Prinzessin von Modena) (14 July 1817, Modena, Duchy of Modena and Reggio – 25 March 1886, Görz, Austria-Hungary) was a member of the House of Austria-Este and Archduchess of Austria, Princess of Hungary, Bohemia, and Modena by birth. Her husband, Henri, was disputedly King of France and Navarre from 2 to 9 August 1830 and afterwards the Legitimist pretender to the throne of France from 1844 to 1883. Maria Theresa was the eldest child of Francis IV, Duke of Modena and his niece-wife Maria Beatrice of Savoy.
Charlie DeSalvo
Charlie DeSalvo is a fictional character from Highlander: The Series, portrayed by actor Philip Akin. A martial artist and former Navy SEAL, he works with and befriends the series protagonist Duncan MacLeod, an immortal swordsman from the Scottish Highlands. He was introduced in the third episode of the second season, "Turnabout", and was a recurring character throughout season two and three. Like MacLeod's allies Richie Ryan and Joe Dawson, Charlie often aided the Highlander in adventures where they attempted to protect people from criminals and evil forces. In the season four episode "Brothers in Arms", he appeared in his twelfth and final episode.

Highlander: The Series season 2
The second season of the international fantasy series Highlander: The Series, part of the Highlander franchise, consists of 22 episodes produced between 1993 and 1994. The first episode of the season aired on September 27, 1993 in broadcast syndication and the last aired on May 23, 1994. The series continues to follow the adventures of Duncan MacLeod, a 400-year-old Immortal who can only die if he is beheaded. MacLeod is involved in the Game, an ongoing battle during which all Immortals have to behead each other until only one is left.

A number of changes affected the cast as well as the co-production agreement that financed the previous season. Ratings increased, but Highlander received criticism for being too violent. The season was released on DVD in Region 1 on July 29, 2003 by Anchor Bay Entertainment. As of October 2025, It is also available on the streaming services Prime Video and Peacock.
Bissara
Bissara (Arabic: بصارة) is a dish in Egyptian and Moroccan cuisine. The dish contains split fava beans, onions, garlic, fresh aromatic herbs and spices. All ingredients are slowly cooked and then blended to yield a creamy and fragrant dip or side dish.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba, commonly known as the broad bean, fava bean, or faba bean, is a species of vetch, a flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated as a crop for human consumption, and also as a cover crop. Varieties with smaller, harder seeds that are fed to horses or other animals are called field bean, tic bean or tick bean. This legume is commonly consumed in many national and regional cuisines.

Some people have favism, a hemolytic response to the consumption of broad beans, a condition linked to a metabolic disorder known as G6PDD. Otherwise the beans, with the outer seed coat removed, can be eaten raw or cooked. With young seed pods, the outer seed coat can be eaten, and in very young pods, the entire seed pod can be eaten.
Asaba
Asaba (Igbo: Ahaba) is the capital of Delta State, Nigeria. A rapidly growing urban area, it is located on the western bank of the Niger River and serves as the seat of the Oshimili South Local Government Area and Delta State Capital Territory. Asaba had a population of 149,603 as at the 2006 census, and a fast growing metropolitan population today of over half a million people.

In some respects, Asaba and neighboring Onitsha in Anambra State form a continuous metropolitan region. The First and Second Niger bridges traverse the boundary between Delta and Anambra with the Niger's relatively centralized location in this region marking it as the geopolitical border between Eastern and Western Nigeria.

In October 2023, Asaba joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and was named a UNESCO City of Film.

Second Niger bridge
The Second Niger bridge is a Nigerian Federal Government project that is 1.6 km (0.99 mi) long and furnished with other ancillary infrastructure including a 10.3 km (6.4 mi) highway, Owerri interchange and a toll station all at Obosi city near Onitsha, inaugurated in March 2022. It opened for local traffic on December 15, 2022.
Mehryn Kraker
Mehryn Donegan Kraker (born June 5, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Luleå Basket of the Basketligan dam. She played college basketball for Green Bay before being drafted by the Washington Mystics in the third round of the 2017 WNBA draft. She has since played in Spain, Sweden, Australia, Germany, and in the Global Women's Basketball Association.

Green Bay Phoenix women's basketball
The Green Bay Phoenix women's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college women's basketball team competing in the Horizon League for the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay. The head coach is Kayla Karius. The Green Bay Phoenix entered the current season on a string of 46 consecutive winning seasons, with only Tennessee having a longer such streak in women's college basketball.

In 2017–18, Green Bay captured its 20th straight regular season title and 16th league tournament title. The program made its 18th appearance in the NCAA Tournament, finishing the season 29–4, winning 27 games or more for the fourth consecutive year.
Bistrița (Siret)
The Bistrița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbistritsa] ⓘ), also called Bistrița Aurie or Bistrița Moldoveană (Hungarian: Aranyos-Beszterce), is a river in the Romanian regions of Maramureș, Bukovina and Moldavia (most of its length). It is a right tributary of the river Siret. At Chetriș, near Bacău, it flows into the Siret. Its source is in the Rodna Mountains, at the foot of the Gârgalău Peak. It flows through the counties Bistrița-Năsăud, Suceava, Neamț, and Bacău. The towns Vatra Dornei, Bicaz, Piatra Neamț, Roznov, Buhuși, and Bacău lie along the Bistrița. The Bistrița is 283 km (176 mi) long, and its basin area is 7,039 km2 (2,718 sq mi).

The upper reach is also known as Bistrița Aurie (German: Goldene Bistritz).

The following dams have been constructed on the river Bistrița:

Topoliceni

Izvorul Muntelui

Pângărați

Vaduri

Piatra Neamț

Reconstrucția

Racova

Gârleni

Lilieci

Bacău

Vatra Dornei
Vatra Dornei (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌvatra ˈdornej]; German: Dorna Watra; Hungarian: Dornavátra; Yiddish: דאָרנע, romanized: Dorne) is a city in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina. Vatra Dornei is the fifth largest urban settlement in the county, with a population of 12,578 inhabitants, according to the 2021 census.

It was declared a city in 2000, being the newest and smallest in the county. The city administers three villages: Argestru (German: Ardzestru), Roșu, and Todireni. Vatra Dornei is a well known spa and ski resort in the Carpathian Mountains and also is home to the historic Vatra Dornei Casino.
Kramers–Kronig relations
The Kramers–Kronig relations, sometimes abbreviated as KK relations, are bidirectional mathematical relations, connecting the real and imaginary parts of any complex function that is analytic in the upper half-plane. The relations are often used to compute the real part from the imaginary part (or vice versa) of response functions in physical systems, because for stable systems, causality implies the condition of analyticity, and conversely, analyticity implies causality of the corresponding stable physical system.  The relation is named in honor of Ralph Kronig and Hans Kramers. In mathematics, these relations are known by the names Sokhotski–Plemelj theorem and Hilbert transform.

Linear response function
A linear response function describes the input-output relationship of a signal transducer, such as a radio turning electromagnetic waves into music or a neuron turning synaptic input into a response. Because of its many applications in information theory, physics and engineering there exist alternative names for specific linear response functions such as susceptibility, impulse response or impedance; see also transfer function. The concept of a Green's function or fundamental solution of an ordinary differential equation is closely related.
Guardia di Finanza
The Guardia di Finanza (Italian: [ˈɡwardja di fiˈnantsa]; G. di F. or GdF; lit. 'Financial Guard'  or 'Financial Police') is an Italian militarised law enforcement agency under the Ministry of Economy and Finance.

Law enforcement in Italy
Law enforcement in Italy is centralized on a national level, with multiple national forces, assisted by some local law enforcement agencies.  The two main police forces are the Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie, and the Polizia di Stato, the civil national police. The Guardia di Finanza is a militarized police force responsible for dealing with financial crime, smuggling, and illegal drug trade. Border and maritime patrolling are undertaken by the Polizia di Frontiera, a division of the Polizia di Stato, and the Guardia Costiera (coast guard).
The Polizia Penitenziaria (Prison Police) is the national prison police agency, controlling penitentiaries and inmate transfers. The Corpo Forestale dello Stato (State Forestry Corps) formerly existed as a separate national park ranger agency, but was merged into the Carabinieri in 2016.  Alongside national police forces,Polizia Locale are also concerned with policing at a local level.
Yousei Teikoku
Yousei Teikoku (Japanese: 妖精帝國, Hepburn: Yōsei Teikoku; German: Das Feenreich; lit. "Fairy Empire") is a Japanese rock band formed in 1997. Their music mixes elements of gothic metal, heavy metal, electronic, and classical music. Their works include the opening tracks of several anime series, including Future Diary, Magical Pokan, Innocent Venus, Kurokami: The Animation, The Qwaser of Stigmata, Big Order, and the Tokyo ESP soundtrack. After releasing several independent albums, the band released seven major-label albums with their current label Lantis: Gothic Lolita Propaganda, Metanoia, Gothic Lolita Doctrine, Gothic Lolita Agitator, Pax Vesania, Shadow Corps(e) and The Age Of Villains.

Yousei Teikoku is led by vocalist Yui, whose official title is "Dictator for Life". She bestows honorary titles on the band members as part of the Fairy Empire.

Renkin 3-kyū Magical? Pokān
Renkin 3-kyū Magical? Pokān (錬金3級 まじかる?ぽか～ん, Renkin San-kyū Majikaru? Pokān) is a Japanese anime television series that tells the story of the everyday life of four princesses from the Netherworld who are oblivious to the happenings in everyday life in the human world. The name of the anime is often known as Magical Pokaan and shortened to Magipoka.
Francis Steinmetz
Francis Steinmetz (20 September 1914 – 2 January 2006) was an officer in the Royal Netherlands Navy who escaped from Oflag IV-C, Colditz Castle, a German POW camp, during World War II, making a "home run" to safety.

Oflag IV-C
Oflag IV-C, generally known as Colditz Castle, was a prominent German Army prisoner-of-war camp for captured Allied officers during World War II. Located in Colditz, Saxony, the camp operated within the medieval Colditz Castle, which overlooks the town. The word "Oflag" is an abbreviation of the German term Offizierslager, meaning "officers' camp". The camp held officers who were deemed escape risks or who had already attempted escape from other prison camps. Known for its seemingly impenetrable structure, Colditz Castle became a site of numerous escape attempts, some of which were successful, earning a reputation for the ingenuity and daring of its prisoners. The camp's history and the elaborate escape plans conceived there have been widely covered in postwar memoirs, books, and media. Today, Colditz Castle has become a popular tourist destination, with guided tours, exhibitions and a museum dedicated to the prisoners' lives.
Kaito Takahashi
Kaito Takahashi (Japanese: 髙橋 海人, Hepburn: Takahashi Kaito), born April 3, 1999 is a Japanese singer, actor, and manga artist. He is a member of boy band King & Prince and Mr. King.

Born in Kanagawa Prefecture. His agency is King & Prince K.K., and he has a group agent contract with Starto Entertainment.

King & Prince
King & Prince is a two-member Japanese idol group under Starto Entertainment (formerly of Johnny & Associates) that debuted in 2018. Their debut was announced at a press conference on 17 January 2018 along with the establishment of Johnny & Associates' new record label under Universal Music, Johnny's Universe (now Project K&P), with King & Prince becoming the first artists to sign under the label. They have sold 12.3 million physical copies in Japan.

The group used to have six members: Sho Hirano, Ren Nagase, Kaito Takahashi, Yuta Kishi, Yuta Jinguji and Genki Iwahashi. However, Genki Iwahashi withdrew from King & Prince on 31 March 2021 due to anxiety disorder. Three of the remaining five members left the group on 22 May 2023. Sho Hirano and Yuta Jinguji left the agency on the same day, while Yuta Kishi remained until fall of 2023.
Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington
Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington, VA (née Hay; 27 September 1820 – 13 August 1904), was a daughter of the 8th Marquess of Tweeddale. Her husband, Lord Douro, succeeded his father as duke of Wellington in 1852. She served as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria from 1861 to 1868, and again from 1874 to 1880.

Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington
Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, KG, PC (3 February 1807 – 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858, he was made a Knight of the Garter.
Conditional access
Conditional access (CA) is a term commonly used in relation to software and to digital television systems. Conditional access is an evaluation to ensure the person who is seeking access to content is authorized to access the content. Access is managed by requiring certain criteria to be met before granting access to the content.

Nagravision
Nagravision (or Nagra Kudelski or simply Nagra) is a company of the Kudelski Group that develops conditional access systems for digital cable and satellite television. The name is also used for their main products, the Nagravision encryption systems.
David Stephenson (rugby league, born 1958)
David R. Stephenson (3 December 1958 – 14 March 2022) was an English rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. He played club level rugby union for Fylde Rugby Club, and representative level rugby league for Great Britain, and at club level for Salford (two spells), Wigan, Leeds and Leigh, as a goal-kicking wing or centre.

Fylde RFC
Fylde Rugby Union Club /ˈfaɪld/ is a rugby union club based in Lytham St Annes, on the Fylde coast in Lancashire, England. The home venue is the Woodlands Memorial Ground on Blackpool Road in Ansdell and the first team play in English rugby's National League 2 North, the fourth tier of the English rugby union system, following their relegation from National League 1 at the end of the 2017–18 season. There are another two senior teams, the Hawks and the Vandals, who play in the English North West Leagues, in the NW Premiership and NW3 North. There is also a Colts team. In previous seasons the Colts have played in the Lancashire & Cheshire regional leagues.
Caythorpe Court
Caythorpe Court is a Grade II* listed former hunting lodge situated about one mile to the east of Caythorpe, Lincolnshire, England. It was originally built in 1901 for Edgar Lubbock, a brewer and banker, to the designs of Sir Reginald Blomfield. In 1946 it became the Kesteven Agricultural College, which was renamed the Lincolnshire College of Agriculture and Horticulture from September 1980. The college became the De Montfort School of Agriculture, but the site was closed in 2002. After being sold to property developers, who proposed to use it to house asylum seekers, it was acquired by PGL who now operate it as a centre for adventure based holidays for adults and children.

PGL Travel
PGL Travel Ltd is a provider of school activity courses and summer camps for children in the United Kingdom.  Along with NST, European Study Tours and StudyLink it is a part of the HB Education group, owned by Midlothian Capital Partners.
Freshford, Somerset
Freshford is a village and civil parish in the Avon valley 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Bath, in the county of Somerset, England. The parish has a population of 551. It is in the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), within the Green Belt and is in a conservation area.

The village of Freshford includes the smaller hamlets of Friary, Sharpstone, Park Corner, Woodside and Staples Hill, which are separated from the village centre by a few hundred metres of open fields.

The village history goes back to Saxon times and it expanded with the growth of local industry but is now largely residential.

River Avon, Bristol
The River Avon (/ˈeɪvən/ AY-vən) is a river in the southwest of England. To distinguish it from a number of other rivers of the same name, it is often called the Bristol Avon. The name 'Avon' is loaned from an ancestor of the Welsh word afon, meaning 'river'.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire into Somerset. In its lower reaches from Bath (where it meets the Kennet and Avon Canal) to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol, the river is navigable and is known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the United Kingdom, at 83 miles (134 km), although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).
Halawet el jibn
Halawet el-jibn (Arabic: حلاوة الجبن, romanized: Ḥalāwat al-jibn, lit. 'cheese sweet') is a Levantine dessert made of a semolina and cheese dough, filled with qishta. Its origins are somewhere from central Syria. It is found in other regions in the Levant and the Middle East notably Tripoli, Lebanon, and has been brought by Syrian immigrants to other countries such as Turkey and Germany.

Qishta
Qishta (Arabic: قِشْطَة, romanized: qišṭa, pronounced [qiʃ.tˤa]), also known as kishta, kashta, ghishta, ashta or eshta, is a dairy coagulated milk product prepared from heated fresh milk used in different dishes and consumed as a dessert. It is found in Southern Mediterranean cuisines, including Levantine and Egyptian cuisines. It is sometimes scented with orange flower water. Qishta may be served with fruit, used to fill crêpes and pastries, or served with pistachios and sweet syrups. Qishta is "highly perishable" and, if improperly prepared or stored, may be a source of foodborne illness such as Listeria. It is similar to other heat-prepared dairy dishes such as kaymak and khoa.
Bow Church
Bow Church is the parish church of St Mary and Holy Trinity, Stratford, Bow. It is located on a central reservation site in Bow Road (part of the A11), in Bow, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. There has been a church on the same site for approximately 700 years. The church was bombed in the Second World War, and the bell tower was reconstructed just after the war.

Bow, London
Bow (/ˈboʊ/) is a district in East London, England and is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is an inner-city suburb located  4.6 miles (7.4 km) east of Charing Cross.

Historically in Middlesex, it became part of the County of London in 1888. "Bow" is an abbreviation of the medieval name Stratford-at-Bow, in which "Bow" refers to the bow-shaped bridge built here in the early 12th century. Bow contains parts of both Victoria Park and the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Old Ford and Fish Island are localities within Bow, but Bromley-by-Bow immediately to the south is a separate district. These distinctions have their roots in historic parish boundaries.

Bow underwent extensive urban regeneration including the replacement or improvement of council homes, with the impetus given by the staging of the 2012 Olympic Games at nearby Stratford.