hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Binary regression
In statistics, specifically regression analysis, a binary regression estimates a relationship between one or more explanatory variables and a single output binary variable. Generally the probability of the two alternatives is modeled, instead of simply outputting a single value, as in linear regression.

Binary regression is usually analyzed as a special case of binomial regression, with a single outcome (), and one of the two alternatives considered as "success" and coded as 1: the value is the count of successes in 1 trial, either 0 or 1. The most common binary regression models are the logit model (logistic regression) and the probit model (probit regression).

Probit model
In statistics, a probit model is a type of regression where the dependent variable can take only two values, for example married or not married. The word is a portmanteau, coming from probability + unit. The purpose of the model is to estimate the probability that an observation with particular characteristics will fall into a specific one of the categories; moreover, classifying observations based on their predicted probabilities is a type of binary classification model.

A probit model is a popular specification for a binary response model. As such it treats the same set of problems as does logistic regression using similar techniques. When viewed in the generalized linear model framework, the probit model employs a probit link function. It is most often estimated using the maximum likelihood procedure, such an estimation being called a probit regression.
Sluis-Aardenburg
Sluis-Aardenburg was a municipality in the province of Zeeland, in the south-western part of the Netherlands. It was created from a merger of Sluis and Aardenburg in 1995, and it merged with the municipality of Oostburg, on 1 January 2003, to form the new municipality of Sluis. Sluis-Aardenburg covered an area of 83.48 km2, of which 0.89 km2 was water.

The municipality comprised the following towns, villages and townships:

Aardenburg

Draaiburg

Eede

Heille

Retranchement

Sint Anna ter Muiden

Sint Kruis

Sluis

Terhofstede

Zwindorp

Sluis
Sluis (Dutch: [slœys] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Sluus [slys]; French: Écluse) is a city and municipality located in the west of Zeelandic Flanders, in the south-western Dutch province of Zeeland.

The current incarnation of the municipality has existed since 1 January 2003. The former municipalities of Oostburg and Sluis-Aardenburg merged on that date. The latter as formed in 1995 from a merger between the previous municipality of Sluis and the former municipality of Aardenburg.
Lucan United F.C.
Lucan United Football Club are an Irish association football club based in Lucan, Dublin. The club's senior men's team competes in the Leinster Senior League.

Lucan United qualified for the FAI Cup in 2012 and 2025. The club play their home games at Westmanstown Road, also known as 'Copper Face Jacks Park'.

Lucan, Dublin
Lucan (/ˈljuːkən/ LEW-kən; Irish: Leamhcán) is a suburban village to the west of Dublin, Ireland, located 12 km from Dublin city centre, on the River Liffey. It is near the Strawberry Beds and Lucan Weir, and at the confluence of the River Griffeen. It is mostly in the local government area of South Dublin, with the exception of the North Lucan areas of Laraghcon, Coldblow and Saint Catherine's Park, which are in Fingal. Lucan is in a townland and civil parish of the same name, in the barony of Newcastle. Road access to Lucan is from the N4, and the M50 motorway at Junction 7.
Anorthosis Famagusta FC
Anorthosis Famagusta (Greek: Ανόρθωση Αμμοχώστου, romanized: Anorthosi Ammochostou) is a Cypriot football club, part of the Famagusta multi-sport club founded in 1911 in Varosha, Famagusta.

Anorthosis was one of the founding clubs of the Cyprus Football Association in 1934. After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, they were forced to relocate to Larnaca where they now play their home matches at the Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium. The club's original stadium, GSE, has been abandoned since 1974 and is in poor condition.

One of the most successful clubs in Cypriot football, Anorthosis have won 13 National Championships, 11 cups and 6 Super Cups. Anorthosis is one of three Cypriot clubs never to have been relegated to the second division, was the first Cypriot club to participate in the Champions League group stage, and the second Cypriot club to qualify for the Europa Conference League group stage.

GSE Stadium
The Evagoras Gymnastic Association Stadium (GSE Stadium) (Gymnastikos Syllogos Evagoras, Greek: Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος Ευαγόρας) is a football stadium located in Famagusta, Cyprus and was the home ground of Anorthosis and Nea Salamina. The stadium remains abandoned and in bad condition since 1974 when Turkey invaded the island of Cyprus and occupied 37.6% of it including the city of Famagusta.

After the summer of 1974, Anorthosis used many football stadiums all around Cyprus like Dasaki Stadium, Aradippou Municipal Stadium, Paralimni Stadium, Tsirion Stadium, old GSZ Stadium, and new GSZ Stadium. In 1986, Anorthosis built its own stadium named Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium, located in Larnaca.

Similarly, Nea Salamis Famagusta FC had used the GSZ Stadium, Dasaki Stadium, Tsirion Stadium, Deryneia, and Antonis Papadopoulos. In 1991 the club managed to build its own home stadium Ammochostos Stadium, with a 5000 seating capacity, located also in Larnaca.
Salabat Jung
Salabat Jung, born as Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi on 24 November 1718, was the fourth Nizam of Hyderabad State. He was the third son of Asaf Jah I.

During the Second Carnatic War he was a prisoner, first in Nasir Jung's camp and later in Muzaffar Jung's camp. After Muzaffar Jung (his nephew) was killed by the Afghans on 13 February 1751, Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan was proclaimed as the new Nizam near Lakkireddipalli Pass, by the French under Marquis de Bussy with the title Asaf-ad-Daulah, Nawab Said Muhammad Khan Bahadur, Salabat Jung, Zafar Jung, Nawab Subahdar of the Deccan. He was promoted to the title of Amir-ul-Mamalik by the Emperor Alamgir II. He was the ruler of the Hyderabad State in India from 1751 until 1762.

The Khilwath Palace of Hyderabad was built under his direction.

Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II
Mir Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi, Asaf Jah II (7 March 1734 – 6 August 1803) was the 5th Nizam of Hyderabad State between 1762 and 1803. He was born on 7 March 1734 as fourth son to Asaf Jah I and Umda Begum. His official name is Asaf Jah II, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Nizam 'Ali Khan Siddiqi, Fateh Jang, Sipah Salar, Nawab Subedar of the Deccan. Sawānih-i-Deccan, a Persian work compiled by Munim Khan, a military commander during the era of Asaf Jah II gave more insight about administration of Asaf Jahis.
Saptarshi
The Saptarshi (Sanskrit: सप्तर्षि, lit. 'Seven sages' IAST: Saptarṣi) are the seven seers of ancient India who are extolled in the Vedas, and other Hindu literature such as the Skanda Purana. The Vedic Samhitas never enumerate these rishis by name, although later Vedic texts such as the Brahmanas and Upanisads do, so these constellations are easily recognizable.

Bharadvaja
Bharadvaja (Sanskrit: भरद्वाज, IAST: Bharadvāja; also spelled Bharadwaja) was one of the revered Vedic sages
(maharishi) in Ancient India. He was a renowned scholar, economist, grammarian and a physician. He is one of the Saptarshis (seven great sages or Maharṣis).

His contributions to ancient Indian literature, specifically the  Rigveda, provide significant insight into ancient Vedic society. He and his family of students were the authors of Mandala 6 in the Rigveda. In the epic Mahabharata, Bharadvaja was the father of Droṇācārya, the guru and instructor to the Pandava and Kaurava princes in the Mahabharata. Bharadvaja is also mentioned in Charaka Samhita, an authoritative ancient Indian medical text.
Sun path
Sun path, sometimes also called day arc, refers to the daily (sunrise to sunset) and seasonal arc-like path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. The Sun's path affects the length of daytime experienced and amount of daylight received along a certain latitude during a given season.

The relative position of the Sun is a major factor in the heat gain of buildings and in the performance of solar energy systems. Accurate location-specific knowledge of sun path and climatic conditions is essential for economic decisions about solar collector area, orientation, landscaping, summer shading, and the cost-effective use of solar trackers.

Daytime
Daytime is the period of the day during which a location receives natural illumination from direct sunlight. It is sometimes just called "day". Daytime occurs when the Sun is above the local horizon, that is, anywhere on the hemisphere of the globe facing the Sun. The length of daytime varies with latitude and changes over the course of the year, as the Earth moves around the Sun. Other planets and natural satellites that rotate relative to a luminous primary body such as a local star also experience daytime, but this article primarily discusses daytime on Earth.
Fruit ketchup
Fruit ketchup is a condiment prepared using fruit as a primary ingredient. Various fruits are used in its preparation, and it is also used as a spread and marinade, among other uses. Banana ketchup is a type of fruit ketchup that is common in the Philippines.

Banana ketchup
Banana ketchup, also known as banana sauce (in export markets), is a Philippine fruit ketchup condiment made from banana, sugar, vinegar, and spices. Its natural color is brownish-yellow but it is often dyed red to resemble tomato ketchup. Banana ketchup was first produced in the Philippines during World War II due to a shortage of tomatoes but a comparatively high production of bananas.
Emanuel Bay
Emanuel Bay (January 20, 1891 [O.S. January 8] – December 2, 1967) was a Russian‑American pianist. He was a personal friend and accompanist to violinist Jascha Heifetz for more than 20 years, touring widely across the United States and Europe.

Jascha Heifetz
Jascha Heifetz (/ˈhaɪfɪts/; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1901 – December 10, 1987) was a Russian-American violinist, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time. Born in Vilnius, he was soon recognized as a child prodigy and was trained in the Russian violin school in St. Petersburg. Accompanying his parents to escape the violence of the Russian Revolution, he moved to the United States as a teenager, where his Carnegie Hall debut was rapturously received. Fritz Kreisler, another leading violinist of the twentieth century, said after hearing Heifetz's debut, "We might as well take our fiddles and break them across our knees."

By the age of 18, Heifetz was the highest-paid violinist in the world. He had a long and successful concert career, including wartime service with the United Service Organizations (USO). After an injury to his right (bowing) arm in 1972, he switched his focus to teaching.
Oklahoma Secretary of Finance and Revenue
The Oklahoma Secretary of Finance, Administration and Information Technology is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The Secretary is appointed by the governor, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the governor. The secretary serves as the chief adviser to the governor on fiscal policy, taxation, and the operations and personnel needs of the state government.

The most recent secretary was Clark Jolley, who was appointed by Governor Mary Fallin on February 28, 2018, and served in that post until January, 2019.

Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet
The Cabinet of the governor of Oklahoma is a body of the most senior appointed officials of the executive branch of the government of Oklahoma. Originally an informal meeting between the governor of Oklahoma and various government officials, the governor's Cabinet has evolved into an important information link between the governor and the various agencies, boards and commissions that operate within state government.

Cabinet officers are appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the Oklahoma Senate. Once confirmed, all members of the Cabinet receive the title "Secretary" and serve at the pleasure of the governor. The Cabinet is responsible for advising the governor on the operations and policies of the state government.

The current Cabinet is serving under Governor Kevin Stitt.
She's Out of Control
She's Out of Control is a 1989 American independent coming of age comedy film directed by Stan Dragoti, starring Tony Danza, Ami Dolenz and Catherine Hicks. The original music score was composed by Alan Silvestri. The film was marketed with the tagline "She was Daddy's little girl. Now she's at that age when girls go wild, guys go crazy and Dads go nuts". The film was shot with the working title Daddy's Little Girl.

Tony Danza
Tony Danza (born Anthony Salvatore Iadanza; April 21, 1951) is an American actor and retired professional boxer. He is known for co-starring in the television series Taxi (1978–1983) and Who's the Boss? (1984–1992), for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award and four Golden Globe Awards. In 1998, Danza won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Performer in a New Television Series for his work on the 1997 sitcom The Tony Danza Show (not to be confused with his 2004–2006 daytime variety talk show of the same name). He has also appeared in films such as The Hollywood Knights (1980), Going Ape! (1981), She's Out of Control (1989), Angels in the Outfield (1994), Crash (2004), and Don Jon (2013).
Maeda Toshitaka (Nanokaichi)
Maeda Toshitaka (前田 利孝) (1594 – July 25, 1637) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period, who ruled the Nanokaichi Domain. He was the fifth son of Maeda Toshiie.

His court title was Yamato no kami.

Maeda Toshiie
Maeda Toshiie (前田 利家; January 15, 1538 – April 27, 1599) was one of the leading generals of Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century extending to the Azuchi–Momoyama period. His preferred weapon was a yari, and Matazaemon (又左衛門) was his common name; he was therefore known as Yari no Mataza (槍の又左). He was a member of the so-called Echizen Sanninshu (Echizen Triumvir) along with Sassa Narimasa and Fuwa Mitsuharu. The highest rank from the court that he received is the Great Counselor Dainagon (大納言).
Sira Subah
The Subah of Sira (Persian: صوبه سِرا), also known  as Carnatic-Balaghat, was a subah (imperial first-level province) of the Mughal Empire in South India that was established in 1687 by conquering emperor Aurangzeb (like Bijapur in 1686 and Golkonda in 1687) and lasted until 1757. The province, which comprised the Carnatic region south of the Tungabhadra River, had its  capital in the town of Sira. It was composed of seven parganas (districts): Basavapatna, Budihal, Sira, Penukonda, Dod-Ballapur, Hoskote and Kolar; in addition, Harpanahalli, Kondarpi, Anegundi, Bednur, Chitaldroog and Mysore were considered by the Mughals to be tributary states of the province.

Sira, Karnataka
Sira is a city and taluk headquarters of Sira Taluk of Tumkur district in the state of Karnataka, India. It lies on the AH 47, NH 48 (earlier NH 4). The State Capital city, Bengaluru, is 120 km from Sira. It is known for its historical significance as a political and military center and for being the capital of Imperial Sira Subah in the early 1700s.
Andemtenga Department
Andemtenga is a department of Kouritenga Province in eastern Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Andemtenga. It had a total population of 49,207 in 2006. Its name is sometimes shortened to Andem in colloquial usage.

In the 2012 parliamentary and municipal election, Innoncent Kontoumgomdé (also spelt Inoussa Oumdamde) of the Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP) was elected Mayor of Andemtenga Department for a five-year term, beating rival candidate Antoudiouendé Jeans Yves Kaboré of the Union for the Republic (UPR) by claiming 47 of the 55 votes spread amongst the 27 villages of the department. This followed the death of mayor Nonguema Johanie Kaboré in June 2012. The ballot was held on 10 January 2013 in the courtyard of the town hall of Andemtenga, and Kontoumgomdé was invested on 6 February 2013.

From 2015, Ibrahim Koussé was the Prefect of Andemtenga Department.

Andemtenga
12°15′N 0°26′W﻿ / ﻿12.250°N 0.433°W﻿ / 12.250; -0.433

Andemtenga (sometimes spelt Amdemtenga, Andamtenga or Amdentenga) is the capital and largest settlement in Andemtenga Department, Kouritenga province, Burkina Faso. It had a population of about 2,120 in 2006.

On 15 January 2017, the Burkinabé musician Floby was made Noom Naaba or "Chief of the Atmosphere" of Andemtenga, his home town, by the customary canton chief.
Glass Beach (Fort Bragg, California)
Glass Beach is a beach adjacent to MacKerricher State Park near Fort Bragg, California, named from a time when it was abundant with sea glass created from years of dumping garbage into an area of coastline near the northern part of the town.

Fort Bragg, California
Fort Bragg is a city along the North Coast of California in Mendocino County. The city is 24 miles (39 km) west of Willits, at an elevation of 85 feet (26 m). Its population was 6,983 at the 2020 census.

Fort Bragg is a tourist destination because of its views of the Pacific Ocean. Among its points of interest are Glass Beach and the California Western Railroad (popularly known as the "Skunk Train").

A California Historical Landmark, Fort Bragg was founded in 1857 prior to the American Civil War as a military garrison rather than a fortification. It was named after army officer Braxton Bragg, who at the time had served the U.S. in the Mexican–American War (and would later serve in the Confederate Army during the Civil War). The city was incorporated in 1889.
Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
Gian Giacomo Trivulzio (French: Jean-Jacques Trivulce; 1440 or 1441 – 5 December 1518) was an Italian aristocrat, statesman, and condottiero who played a prominent role during the Italian Wars. Originally serving the Duchy of Milan, he later became a leading military commander for Louis XII of France, contributing significantly to the French conquest of Milan in 1499, after which he was appointed Governor of the city and awarded the title of Marshal of France.

Trivulzio is also remembered for his pragmatic view on warfare, famously stating that "to carry on war, three things are necessary: money, money, and yet more money."

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Karlspitzen
The Karlspitzen is a twin-peaked mountain in the middle of the Kaisergebirge range of the Northern Limestone Alps in Austria. The two peaks are the northern Hintere Karlspitze (2,281 m) and the southern Vordere Karlspitze (2,263 m) with its summit cross; they are linked by a sharp, exposed, rocky arête. Seen from the south the Vordere Karlspitze is a huge and very prominent block of rock, whereas the Hintere Karlspitze is hidden behind other (lower) neighbouring mountains.

Double summit
A double summit, double peak, twin summit, or twin peak is a mountain or hill that has two summits, separated by a col or saddle.

One well-known double summit is Austria's highest mountain, the Großglockner, where the main summit of the Großglockner is separated from that of the Kleinglockner by the Glocknerscharte col in the area of a geological fault. Other double summits have resulted from geological folding. For example, on Mont Withrow in British Columbia, resistant sandstones form the limbs of the double summit, whilst the softer rock in the core of the fold was eroded.

Triple peaks occur more rarely; one example is the Rosengartenspitze in the Dolomites. The Illimani in Bolivia is an example of a rare quadruple summit.
Oromo expansion
The Oromo expansions or the Oromo invasions (in older historiography, Galla invasions), were a series of expansions in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Oromo primarily documented by the Gamo monk Bahrey, but also mentioned in other Christian, Muslim and Portuguese records. Prior to their great expansion in the 16th century, the Oromo inhabited only the area of what is now modern-day southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Over the centuries, many factors – mostly the wars between the Adal Sultanate and the Ethiopian Empire – would further encourage the numerous Oromo tribes to expand towards what is now central and eastern Ethiopia.

Bahrey
Abba Bahrey (Ge'ez: ባሕርይ bāḥriy, "pearl") was a late 16th-century Ethiopian monk, historian, and ethnographer, from the southern region of Gamo. He is best known for his 1593 work on the history of the Oromo and their migrations in the 16th century, the "History of the Galla" ("ዜናሁ ፡ ለጋላ" zēnāhū lagāllā), "Galla" being a historical and now pejorative term for the Oromo. This short work is considered the ultimate source for information on the sixteenth century history of the Oromo that Manuel de Almeida borrowed heavily from in writing his history of Ethiopia, and Hiob Ludolf derived much of his information on the Oromo from Baltazar Téllez's abridgment of Almeida's work. Bahrey was also the author of Emperor Sarsa Dengel's chronicle, "The History of King Sarsa Dengel."
Miss California USA
Miss California USA is the beauty pageant that selects the representative for the state of California in the Miss USA pageant, and the name of the title held by that winner. The pageant is directed by Crown Diva Productions.

California's most successful placements were in 1959, 1966, 1975, 1983, 1992, and 2011, when Terry Huntingdon, Maria Remenyi, Summer Bartholomew, Julie Hayek, Shannon Marketic, and Alyssa Campanella, respectively, were crowned Miss USA.

The current Miss California USA is Kylie Chang of Cupertino, who was crowned on August 10, 2025, at the Hyatt Regency Orange County. Chang represented California at Miss USA 2025.

Miss USA 1983
Miss USA 1983 was the 32nd Miss USA pageant, televised live from the Knoxville Civic Center in Knoxville, Tennessee, on May 12, 1983.  At the conclusion of the final competition, Julie Hayek of California was crowned Miss USA 1983 by outgoing titleholder Terri Utley of Arkansas. Hayek was the first runner up at Miss Universe 1983.

The pageant was hosted by Bob Barker, with color commentary from Joan Van Ark.  It was held in Tennessee for the only time, while Miss Teen USA 1984 did the same thing in Memphis on the other side of the state.
Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
Marguerite d'Youville, SGM (French pronunciation: [maʁɡʁit djuvil]; October 15, 1701 – December 23, 1771) was a French Canadian widow who founded the Sisters of Charity of Montreal, commonly known as the "Grey Nuns". She was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1990, becoming the first native-born Canadian to be declared a saint.

Grey Nuns
The Sisters of Charity of Montreal, formerly called The Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général of Montreal and more commonly known as the Grey Nuns of Montreal, is a Canadian religious institute of Roman Catholic religious sisters, founded in 1737 by Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow.