hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Provincial Civil Service (Uttarakhand)
Provincial Civil Service (IAST: Prāntīya Sivila Sevā, often abbreviated to as PCS, is the administrative civil service of the Government of Uttarakhand comprising Group A and Group B posts. It is also the feeder service for Indian Administrative Service in the state.

PCS officers hold various posts at sub-divisional, district, divisional and state level from conducting revenue administration and maintenance of law and order. The Department of General Administration of the Government of Uttarakhand is the cadre-controlling authority of the service. Along with the Provincial Police Service (PPS) and the Provincial Forest Service (PFS), the PCS is one of the three feeder services to its respective All India Services.

Provincial Police Service (Uttarakhand)
Provincial Police Service (IAST: Prāntīya Pulisa Sevā), often abbreviated to as PPS, is the state civil service for policing of Uttarakhand Police comprising Group A and Group B posts. It is also the feeder service for Indian Police Service in the state.

PPS officers hold various posts at the circle, district, range, zonal and state levels to maintain order, enforce the law and to prevent and detect crime. The Department of Home of the Government of Uttarakhand is the cadre controlling authority of the service. Along with the Provincial Civil Service (PCS) and the Provincial Forest Service (PFS), the PPS is one of the three feeder services to its respective All India Services.
Dialogue with Trypho
The Dialogue with Trypho is an extant second-century Christian apologetic text by theologian  Justin Martyr. Along with his First and Second Apologies, it is usually agreed to be dated in between AD 155 and 160. It is seen as documenting the attempts to show that Christianity is the new law for all men, and to prove from Scripture that Jesus is the Messiah.

The Dialogue utilizes the literary device of an intellectual conversation between Justin and Trypho, a Jew. The concluding section propounds that the Christians are the "true" people of God.

First Apology of Justin Martyr
The First Apology was an early work of Christian apologetics addressed by Justin Martyr to the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius. In addition to arguing against the persecution of individuals solely for being Christian, Justin also provides the Emperor with a defense of the philosophy of Christianity and a detailed explanation of contemporary Christian practices and rituals.  This work, along with the Second Apology, has been cited as one of the earliest examples of Christian apology, and many scholars attribute this work to creating a new genre of apology out of what was a typical Roman administrative procedure.
O ewiges Feuer, o Ursprung der Liebe, BWV 34
O ewiges Feuer, o Ursprung der Liebe (O eternal fire, o source of love), BWV 34 (BWV 34.1), is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for Pentecost Sunday, and it was the basis for a later wedding cantata, BWV 34a, beginning with the same line. Bach led the first performance on 1 June 1727.

The librettist of the cantata is unknown. A central contemplative aria for alto, accompanied by two flutes and muted strings, is framed by recitatives, while the two outer movements are performed by the chorus and a festive Baroque instrumental ensemble of three trumpets, timpani, two oboes, strings and continuo.  The last movement quotes the conclusion of Psalm 128, "Friede über Israel" (Peace upon Israel). The themes of eternal fire, love, dwelling together and peace suit both occasions, wedding and Pentecost.

O ewiges Feuer, o Ursprung der Liebe, BWV 34a
O ewiges Feuer, o Ursprung der Liebe (O eternal fire, o source of love), BWV 34.2 (formerly BWV 34a) is an incomplete wedding cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach, of which only the complete libretto and some parts (movements 2, 3 and 6) have survived.
1st channel Ostankino
Ostankino 1st Channel (Russian: 1-й канал Останкино, romanized: 1-y kanal Ostankino) was a national Russian television channel, on which the Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Ostankino" broadcast. The editorial offices and studios of the television and radio company, from which it broadcast on it, were located in the Ostankino Technical Center.

Ostankino (TV and radio company)
Russian State TV and Radio Company «Ostankino» (Russian: Российская государственная телерадиокомпания «Останкино» — formerly All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company) is the state broadcasting organization that managed part of the state television and radio broadcasting in Russia from December 27, 1991, to October 12, 1995.
St. Charles, Illinois
St. Charles or Saint Charles is a city in Kane and DuPage Counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 33,081 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 33,482 in 2024. It lies roughly 35 miles west of Chicago on Illinois Route 64. The official city slogan is "Pride of the Fox", after the Fox River that runs through the center of town. St. Charles is part of a tri-city area along with Geneva and Batavia, all western Chicago suburbs of similar size and socioeconomic condition.

Tri-Cities (Illinois)
The Tri-Cities, or Tri-City area, is a vernacular region that is situated between the large cities of Aurora and Elgin, Illinois, and encompasses the cities of Batavia, Geneva, and St. Charles.

A "vernacular region" is a distinctive area where the inhabitants collectively consider themselves interconnected by a shared history, mutual interests, and a common identity. Such regions are "intellectual inventions" and a form of shorthand to identify things, people, and places. Vernacular regions reflect a "sense of place," but rarely coincide with established jurisdictional borders.

The Tri-City area is primarily located in Kane County, though Batavia and St. Charles include parcels in DuPage County. The three communities are often grouped together due to their shared history, close proximity on the Fox River, relative socioeconomic condition, and similar population sizes. They are among the oldest in Kane County as well as the state.
Minnesota State Highway 45
Minnesota State Highway 45 (MN 45) is a short 2.628-mile-long (4.229 km) highway in northeast Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 210 (Chestnut Avenue) and Carlton County Road 1 in the city of Carlton and continues north to its northern terminus at its interchange with Interstate 35 and Carlton County Highway 45 in the city of Scanlon. The route passes through the city of Carlton.

Minnesota State Highway 210
Minnesota State Highway 210 (MN 210) is a state highway in west-central, central, and northeast Minnesota, which runs from North Dakota Highway 210 (ND 210) at the North Dakota state line (at Breckenridge), and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with MN 23 in Duluth near the Saint Louis River.

The route runs across Minnesota from west-central to northeast; connecting Fergus Falls, Brainerd, and Duluth. At the western terminus of MN 210, upon crossing the Red River, the roadway becomes ND 210 and feeds into ND 13. MN 210 is 228 miles (367 km) in length.
Mississippi State University XAZ-1 Marvelette
The Mississippi XAZ-1 Marvelette (or MA18-B Marvelette)  was an American research aircraft of the 1960s. A converted Anderson Greenwood AG-14 light single-engined pusher aircraft, it provided the test-bed, or test platform, on which to test the boundary layer control system and ducted propeller installation of the planned XV-11 Marvel STOL research aircraft. One aircraft was converted to XAZ-1 configuration; although underpowered, it provided valuable test data over a year-long flight program. Following the conclusion of test flying, the aircraft was used for ground testing before being scrapped.

Mississippi State University XV-11 Marvel
The Mississippi State University XV-11A Marvel was an experimental American STOL research aircraft of the 1960s. The MARVEL (Mississippi Aerophysics Research Vehicle with Extended Latitude) was a single-engined pusher monoplane fitted with a boundary layer control system. The first all-composite aircraft, it carried out its initial program of research on behalf of the US Army in the late 1960s, and was rebuilt in the 1980s as a proof-of-concept for a utility aircraft.
Viliami Tungī Mailefihi
Viliami Tungī Mailefihi CBE (1 November 1888 – 20 July 1941) was a Tongan high chieftain and Prince of Tonga as the husband of Queen Sālote Tupou III. He served as Prime Minister of Tonga from 1923 until his death in 1941.

Sālote Tupou III
Sālote Tupou III (born Sālote Mafileʻo Pilolevu; 13 March 1900 – 16 December 1965) was Queen of Tonga from 1918 to her death in 1965. She reigned for nearly 48 years, the longest of any Tongan monarch. She was well known for her height, standing 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) tall in her prime.
Ledgewood Historic District
The Ledgewood Historic District is a 41-acre (17 ha) historic district located in the Ledgewood section of Roxbury Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 18, 2013, for its significance in architecture and community development. It has 40 contributing buildings, 4 contributing structures, and one contributing site. It includes the King Store and Homestead and the Silas Riggs House, which were both previously listed individually.

King Store and Homestead
The King Store and Homestead are historic buildings located at 209 and 211 Main Street, in the Ledgewood section of Roxbury Township, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The Roxbury Historic Trust acts as curator for these Roxbury Township-owned buildings. They were purchased by the Township with Green Acres funding. The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 29, 1994, for their significance in commerce from 1815 to 1928. Both were later added as contributing properties to the Ledgewood Historic District on April 18, 2013.
Philadelphia Quakers (NHL)
The Philadelphia Quakers were a professional ice hockey team that played only one full season in the National Hockey League (NHL), 1930–31, at the Philadelphia Arena in Philadelphia. They were the successors of the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL)
The Pittsburgh Pirates were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL), based in Pittsburgh from 1925–26 to 1929–30. The nickname comes from the baseball team also based in the city. For the 1930–31 season, the team moved to Philadelphia, and played one season as the Philadelphia Quakers.
Mega (Ukrainian TV channel)
Mega (Ukrainian: Мега), previously known as Megasport, is a television channel in Ukraine, a member of the "Inter" TV-Family. Until 2010, it was known as "Megasport" and positioned itself as a sport channel.

The channel is part of GDF Media Limited, owned by Dmytro Firtash.

Inter (TV channel)
Inter (Ukrainian: Інтер) is a Ukrainian television channel. It covers 99.7 percent of Ukraine's territory. According to the Kyiv Post, it is among the most-watched television channels in Ukraine.

Since February 26, 2022, Inter became part of a state-coordinated United News telethon that broadcasts around the clock to provide information to the public regarding the Russo-Ukrainian War.  Since then, the broadcasting grid, program, and editorial policies have been radically changed. Inter also agreed to decode the satellite signals so that people from all over the world could see what is really happening in Ukraine.

Inter is part of Inter Media Group. At the beginning of 2025, Inter Media Group reported an increase in the performance of its channels. Inter has the largest correspondent network among Ukrainian TV channel; the channel's bureaus operate in the USA (Dmitry Anopchenko), Germany (Tetiana Logunova), Belgium and Israel.
Khoekhoe language
Khoekhoe or Khoikhoi (/ˈkɔɪ.kɔɪ/ KOY-koy; Khoekhoegowab, Khoekhoe pronunciation: [k͡xʰo̜͡ek͡xʰo̜͡egowab]), also known by the ethnic terms Nama (/ˈnɑː.mə/ NAH-mə; Namagowab), Damara (ǂNūkhoegowab), or Nama/Damara and formerly as Hottentot, is the most widespread of the non-Bantu languages of Southern Africa that make heavy use of click consonants and therefore were formerly classified as Khoisan, a grouping now recognized as obsolete. It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa primarily by three ethnic groups: Namakhoen, ǂNūkhoen, and Haiǁomkhoen.

ǂAakhoe dialect
ǂAakhoe (ǂĀkhoe) and Haiǁom are part of the Khoekhoe dialect continuum and are spoken mainly in Namibia. In the sparsely available material on the subject, ǂAkhoe and Haiǁom have been considered a variant of the Khoekhoe language, as separate dialects (Haacke et al. 1997), as virtual synonyms of a single variant (Heikinnen, n.d.), or as "a way in which some Haiǁom speak their language in the northern part of Namibia" (Widlock, n.d.). ǂAkhoe especially is intermediate between the Khoekhoe and Kalahari branches of the Khoe language family.
Mount Erebus
Mount Erebus (/ˈɛrɪbəs/) is the southernmost active volcano on Earth, located on Ross Island in the Ross Dependency in Antarctica. With a summit elevation of 3,792 metres (12,441 ft), it is the second most prominent mountain in Antarctica (after Mount Vinson) and the second-highest volcano in Antarctica (after the dormant Mount Sidley). It is the highest point on Ross Island, which is also home to three inactive volcanoes: Mount Terror, Mount Bird, and Mount Terra Nova. It makes Ross Island the sixth-highest island on Earth.

The mountain was named by Captain James Clark Ross in 1841 for his ship, HMS Erebus.  The volcano has been active for around 1.3 million years and has a long-lived lava lake in its inner summit crater that has been present since at least the early 1970s. On 28 November 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed on Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board.

Mount Terror (Antarctica)
Mount Terror is an extinct volcano about 3,230 metres (10,600 ft) high on Ross Island, Antarctica, about 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) eastward of Mount Erebus.
Mount Terror was named in 1841 by polar explorer James Clark Ross after his second ship, HMS Terror.
Bagalkot district
Bagalkot district (/ˈbɑːɡəlkoʊt/), is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The district headquarters is located in the town of Bagalkot. The district is located in northern Karnataka and borders Belgaum, Gadag, Koppal, Raichur and Bijapur. The new Bagalkot district was carved out of Vijayapura in 1997 via Government of Karnataka directive Notification RD 42 LRD 87 Part III. The bifurcated Bagalkot district consists of ten taluks — Badami, Bagalkot, Bilagi, Guledgudda, Rabkavi Banhatti, Hunagund, Ilkal, Jamakhandi and Mudhol, Teradal.

The Ghataprabha River, Malaprabha River and Krishna River flow through the district. Kudalasangama lies at the point of confluence of the rivers Krishna and Malaprabha and is famous for being the samadhi of Basavanna.

Bijapur district, Karnataka
Bijapur district, officially known as Vijayapura district, is a district in the state of Karnataka in India. The city of Bijapur is the headquarters of the district, and is located 530 km northwest of Bengaluru. Bijapur is well known for the great monuments of historical importance built during the Adil Shahi dynasty.
Jones Branch (One Hundred and Two River tributary)
Jones Branch is a stream in Nodaway County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the One Hundred and Two River and is 4.1 miles (6.6 km) long.

Jones Branch has the name of an early citizen. The stream headwaters just south of Maryville and flows southeasterly into the One Hundred and Two River 1.5 miles north of Arkoe.

One Hundred and Two River
One Hundred and Two River is a stream in the northwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a major tributary of the Platte River and is 78.6 miles (126.5 km) long.

It flows from source tributaries in southwestern Iowa about 80 miles (130 km) to the Platte. Via the Platte, it is part of the watershed of the Missouri River. Much of the river's course has been straightened and channelized.

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it is also known as the Hundred and Two River, and MoDOT uses 102 River.

According to the National Atlas, the river begins northwest of Hopkins, at the confluence of the East Fork One Hundred and Two River and the Middle Fork One Hundred and Two River.   It is joined southwest of Hopkins by the West Fork One Hundred and Two River.  All three of the forks originate in Iowa. At Bolckow, the river has a mean annual discharge of 605 cubic feet (17.1 m3) per second.
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester (born Lady Alice Christabel Montagu-Douglas-Scott; 25 December 1901 – 29 October 2004), was a member of the British royal family. She was the wife of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of King George V and Queen Mary. She was the mother of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

The daughter of the 7th Duke of Buccleuch, Scotland's largest landowner, she became by marriage a princess of the United Kingdom, and a sister-in-law of Edward VIII and George VI. She was thus an aunt-by-marriage of Elizabeth II. Alice was extremely well-travelled, both before and after her marriage. At the time of her death at age 102, she was the longest-lived member of the British royal family.

Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester (Richard Alexander Walter George; born 26 August 1944), is a member of the British royal family. He is the second son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, the youngest of the nine grandchildren of George V, nephew of Edward VIII and George VI, and first cousin of Elizabeth II. He is 32nd in the line of succession to the British throne, and the highest person on the list who is not a descendant of George VI. At the time of his birth, he was fifth in line to the throne.

Richard practised as an architect until the death of his elder brother, William, placed him in direct line to inherit his father's dukedom of Gloucester, to which he succeeded in 1974. He married Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen on 8 July 1972. They have three children.
Transcription coregulator
In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes.  Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription are referred to as coactivators while those that repress are known as corepressors.  The mechanism of action of transcription coregulators is to modify chromatin structure and thereby make the associated DNA more or less accessible to transcription. In humans several dozen to several hundred coregulators are known, depending on the level of confidence with which the characterisation of a protein as a coregulator can be made. One class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones.  A second ATP dependent class modifies the conformation of chromatin.

Corepressor
In genetics and molecular biology, a corepressor is a molecule that represses the expression of genes. In prokaryotes, corepressors are small molecules whereas in eukaryotes, corepressors are proteins. A corepressor does not directly bind to DNA, but instead indirectly regulates gene expression by binding to repressors.

A corepressor downregulates (or represses) the expression of genes by binding to and activating a repressor transcription factor.  The repressor in turn binds to a gene's operator sequence (segment of DNA to which a transcription factor binds to regulate gene expression), thereby blocking transcription of that gene.
Vernazza
Vernazza (Ligurian: Vernassa, locally Vernasa; Latin: Vulnetia) is a town and comune located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northwestern Italy. It is one of the five towns that make up the Cinque Terre region.  Vernazza is the fourth town heading north, has no car traffic, and remains one of the truest "fishing villages" on the Italian Riviera. It is the only natural port of Cinque Terre and is famous for its elegant houses.

Vernazza's name is derived from the Latin adjective verna, meaning "native". The aptly named indigenous wine, vernaccia ("local" or "ours"), helped give birth to the village's name. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Cinque Terre
The Cinque Terre (Italian: [ˈtʃiŋkwe ˈtɛrre]; Ligurian: Çinque Tære; meaning 'Five Lands') is a coastal area within Liguria, in the northwest of Italy. It lies in the west of La Spezia Province, and comprises five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Vernazza is also one of "I Borghi più belli d'Italia" ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The Cinque Terre area is a popular tourist destination. Over the centuries, people have built terraces on the rugged, steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the Ligurian Sea. Paths, trains, and boats connect the villages as cars can only reach them with great difficulty from the outside via narrow and precarious mountain roads.
Nissan VRH engine
The Nissan VRH engine family consists of several racing engines built by Nissan Motor Company beginning in the late 1980s. All VRH engines are in a V8 configuration, with either natural aspiration or forced induction. Some VRH engines are loosely based on Nissan's production V8 engine blocks, including the VH and VK engines, while others were designed from the ground up for racing and share no components with production blocks.

The name "VRH" comes from the engines' V configuration ("V"), their purpose as racing engines ("R"), and the fact that all of them have eight cylinders (with "H" being the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet).

Nissan VH engine
The VH series consists of 4.1 and 4.5 litres (4,130 and 4,494 cc) engines built from 1989 to 2001 by the Nissan Motor Corporation. The design consists of a 90-degree V8 with an aluminium cylinder block that features a closed upper deck and a deep skirt. The cylinder heads are also aluminium with a DOHC 4 valves design and pentroof combustion chambers. The production blocks and production head castings were used successfully in various forms of racing including the IRL.
Mount Arbel
Mount Arbel (Hebrew: הר ארבל, Har Arbel) is a mountain in the  Lower Galilee near Tiberias in Israel, with high cliffs, views of Mount Hermon and the Golan Heights, a cave-fortress, and ruins of an ancient synagogue.  The mountain was formed by geological processes leading to the creation of the Jordan Rift Valley. Mount Arbel sits across from Mount Nitai.

Mount Arbel overlooks four villages: Kfar Zeitim, Arbel, Kfar Hittim, and Mitzpa. The peak, at 181 metres above sea level (380 metres above the surrounding area), dominates the surroundings (much of the area is below sea level), and from the lookout atop the mountain, almost all of the Galilee is visible including Safed, as well as Tiberias and most of the Sea of Galilee, and the slopes of the Golan Heights on the other side of the Sea.

Arbel
Arbel (Hebrew: אַרְבֵּל) is a moshav in northern Israel. Located beside Mount Arbel next to the Sea of Galilee near Tiberias, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lower Galilee Regional Council. In 2023 its population was 745.

Arbel was established in 1949 by demobilized soldiers on the lands of the depopulated Palestinian village of Hittin. It was initially a moshav shitufi, but became a moshav ovdim in 1959.