hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trial of Joan of Arc
The trial of Joan of Arc, a French military leader under Charles VII during the Hundred Years' War, began on 9 January 1431 and ended with her execution on 30 May. The trial is one of the most famous in history, becoming the subject of many books and films.

Joan was captured during the siege of Compiègne in 1430 by Burgundian forces and subsequently sold to their English allies. She was prosecuted by a pro-English ecclesiastical court at Rouen in 1431. The court found her guilty of heresy and she was burned at the stake. The verdict was later nullified at a rehabilitation trial, which was overseen by the inquisitor general Jean Bréhal in 1456. Considered a French national heroine, Joan was declared a saint by the Catholic Church in 1920.

Rehabilitation trial of Joan of Arc
The conviction of Joan of Arc in 1431 was posthumously investigated on appeal in the 1450s by Inquisitor-General Jean Bréhal at the request of Joan's surviving family—her mother Isabelle Romée and two of her brothers, Jean and Pierre. The appeal was authorized by Pope Callixtus III.

The purpose of the retrial was to investigate whether the trial of condemnation and its verdict had been handled justly and according to ecclesiastical law. Investigations started in 1452, and a formal appeal followed in November 1455. On 7 July 1456, the original trial was judged to be invalid due to improper procedures, deceit, and fraud, and the charges against Joan were nullified.
Open Source Information System
The Open Source Information System (OSIS) is the former name of an American unclassified network serving the U.S. intelligence community with open source intelligence.

Since mid-2006, the content of OSIS is now known as Intelink-U while the network portion is known as DNI-U.

Intelink
Intelink is a group of secure intranets used by the United States Intelligence Community. The first Intelink network was established in 1994 to take advantage of Internet technologies (though not connected to the public Internet) and services to promote intelligence dissemination and business workflow.  Since then it has become an essential capability for the US intelligence community and its partners to share information, collaborate across agencies, and conduct business.  Intelink refers to the web environment on protected top secret, secret, and unclassified networks.  One of the key features of Intelink is Intellipedia, an online system for collaborative data sharing based on MediaWiki.  Intelink uses WordPress as the basis of its blogging service.
Dmitry Maevsky
Dmitry Ivanovich Maevsky (Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Мае́вский; 17 May 1917, in Petrograd, Russian Empire – 23 July 1992, in Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Soviet Russian painter, lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his lyrical landscapes.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
Petters Limited
Petters Limited (known as JB Petter & Sons of Yeovil until 1910), were a maker of stationary petrol and diesel engines from 1896 onwards. In 1915 Petter founded Westland Aircraft Works (renamed "Westland Aircraft" in 1935). In 1986 Petters Limited merged with one-time rival R A Lister and Company to form Lister Petter.

R A Lister and Company
R A Lister & Company was founded in Dursley, Gloucestershire, England, in 1867 by Sir Robert Ashton Lister (1845–1929), to produce agricultural machinery. In 1986 it was bought and merged. In 2014, after 147 years, residual assembly production moved to Hardwicke, Stroud.
703 Naval Air Squadron
703 Naval Air Squadron (703 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). Since 2003, the squadron had formed the Royal Naval wing of the Defence Elementary Flying Training School / No. 3 Flying Training School, at RAF Barkston Heath.

It was initially formed as a long-range catapult squadron on 3 March 1942 at RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus). During the Cold War, it was reformed as an experimental trials unit, and then as a helicopter training squadron.

No. 3 Flying Training School RAF
No. 3 Flying Training School is a Royal Air Force military training school, which manages elementary flying training for the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force and also for the training of all non-pilot aircrew for the RAF and is home to the Central Flying School Tutor Squadron.

Although the school is nominally based at RAFC Cranwell, only the multi-engine pilots and students on 57 Squadron fly from this aerodrome, with the Navy elements based at the nearby RAF Barkston Heath and the remaining trainee pilots based at RAF Wittering.
Iron Series
The Iron Series (known as the Shaw and Partners Iron Series under naming rights) is a professional iron man and iron women racing series operated by Surf Life Saving Australia. It is best known for its time as the Kellogg's Nutri-Grain Ironman Series; the cereal company sponsored the event for almost 40 years.

The series has over the years taken place over various locations, including: Smiths Beach in the Margaret River region of South West Western Australia; Newcastle Beach in Newcastle, New South Wales; North Cronulla Beach in Cronulla, New South Wales; Coolum Beach on the Sunshine Coast of Queensland; and Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast of Queensland.

Ironman (surf lifesaving)
The sport of Ironman was developed in 1964 in Australia by Valentine Trainor to combine the four main disciplines of surf lifesaving into a single race; swimming, board paddling, ski paddling and running. The sport should not be confused with Ironman triathlon. It is typically run as a single event as a part of a surf life saving carnival, although it can be run as a sport in its own right. Internationally it is sometimes called Oceanman.
Milton Keynes City F.C.
The name Milton Keynes City Football Club (commonly abbreviated to MK City) currently refers to a grassroots youth and adult football club based in Milton Keynes.  It also refers to two defunct English football clubs, both of which were non-League sides based in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. The first, Bletchley Town FC, changed its name to Milton Keynes City in 1974, and used the name until its dissolution in 1985. The second, originally called Mercedes-Benz, became MK City in 1998, and retained the name until its own demise in 2003, coinciding with the relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes.

Bletchley Town F.C.
Bletchley Town F.C. was a football club based in Fenny Stratford near Bletchley, a constituent town of Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, England. The business was dissolved on 29 January 2013. For the 2012–13 season, the first team was a member of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two.
Province of Ljubljana
The Province of Ljubljana (Italian: Provincia di Lubiana, Slovene: Ljubljanska pokrajina, German: Provinz Laibach) was the central-southern area of Slovenia. In 1941, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy, and after 1943 occupied by Nazi Germany. Created on May 3, 1941, it was abolished on May 9, 1945, when the Slovene Partisans and partisans from other parts of Yugoslavia liberated it from the Nazi Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral. Its administrative centre was Ljubljana.

Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral
The Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral (German: Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland, OZAK; or colloquially: Operationszone Adria; Italian: Zona d'operazioni del Litorale adriatico; Croatian: Operativna zona Jadransko primorje; Slovene: Operacijska cona Jadransko primorje) was a Nazi German district on the northern Adriatic coast created during World War II in 1943. It was formed out of territories that were previously under Fascist Italian control until its takeover by Germany. It included parts of present-day Italian, Slovenian, and Croatian territories. The area was administered as territory attached, but not incorporated, to the Reichsgau of Carinthia. The capital of the zone was the city of Trieste.
Battle of Ibarra (1812)
The First Battle of Ibarra occurred in the vicinity of the city of Ibarra, Ecuador, between 27 November and 1 December 1812. The event, which is part of the Spanish American Wars of Independence, pitted the troops of the State of Quito against those of the Spanish Empire. The battle was a decisive victory for the Spanish and resulted in the disappearance of the short-lived nation that had been born in the territory of the Royal Audiencia of Quito, after the Quito revolt of 10 August 1809, which had declared itself independent from Spain on 11 October 1811.

Quito Revolution (1809–1812)
The Quito Revolution (1809–1812) (Spanish: Proceso revolucionario de Quito (1809-1812)) was a series of events that took place between 1809 and 1812 in the Real Audiencia de Quito, which led to the establishment of a short-lived State of Quito, and which can be considered as the seed of the independence movements that ended up forming the current Republic of Ecuador.
United States Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School
The United States Navy Reserve Midshipmen's School was an expedited auxiliary naval officer training program instituted in June 1940. Its goal was to train a planned 36,000 Naval Reserve officers for commands in the vastly-expanding U.S. Navy fleet being built up in preparation for the United States' entry into World War II.

To achieve this, several new Naval Reserve Midshipmen's Schools were established mainly on college campuses around the country. Between 1940 and 1945 their junior officer candidates, many alumni of the Navy's V-12 training, completed a 30-day indoctrination course before entering the midshipman school's 90-day V-7 Navy College Training Program. After successful completion, graduates were commissioned as ensigns in the U.S. Naval Reserve.  The majority entered into active duty with the U.S. fleet in the Pacific Theater during the war.

V-12 Navy College Training Program
The V-12 Navy College Training Program was designed to supplement the force of commissioned officers in the United States Navy during World War II. Between July 1, 1943, and June 30, 1946, more than 125,000 participants were enrolled in 131 colleges and universities in the United States. Numerous participants attended classes and lectures at their respective colleges and earned completion degrees for their studies. Some even returned from their naval obligations to earn a degree from the colleges where they were previously stationed.

The V-12 program's goal was to produce officers, not unlike the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), which sought to turn out more than 200,000 technically trained personnel in such fields as engineering, foreign languages, and medicine. Running from 1942 to 1944, the ASTP recruits were expected but not required to become officers at the end of their training.
Polly Waffle
Polly Waffle is a 50 gram Australian chocolate bar. It is a waffle wafer tube filled with marshmallow and coated in compound chocolate. The confection had been introduced in 1947 by the Hoadley's Chocolate Company, then taken over by Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery in 1972. When Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired by Nestlé in 1988, the Swiss company continued producing Polly Waffles until it was discontinued in 2009.

In 2019, it was announced that Australian confectioner Robern Menz, since January 2022 rebranded Menz Confectionery, had signed an agreement with rights holder Nestlé to produce the bites version of Polly Waffle. The relaunch of the product occurred in April 2024.

Hoadley's Chocolates
Hoadley's Chocolates was an Australian confectionery company founded in 1913 famous for the Polly Waffle and Violet Crumble chocolate bars. The company was bought by Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery in 1972, which was acquired by Nestlé in 1988.
Olivier IV de Clisson
Olivier IV de Clisson (c. 1300–1343) was a Breton Marche Lord and knight who became embroiled in the intrigue of Vannes during the War of the Breton Succession and was subsequently executed by the King of France for perceived treason. He was the husband of Jeanne de Clisson, who upon his death mounted a campaign of vengeance by which she became known as the "Lioness of Brittany".

Jeanne de Clisson
Jeanne de Clisson (1300–1359), also known as Jeanne de Belleville and the Lioness of Brittany, was a French/Breton noblewoman who became a privateer to avenge her husband after he was executed for treason by King Philip VI of France. She crossed the English Channel, targeted French ships, and regularly slaughtered almost their entire crew. It was her practice to leave at least one sailor alive to carry her message of vengeance.
National Economic Association
The National Economic Association (NEA) is a learned society established in 1969, focused on initiatives in the field of economics.

The purposes of the Association are "to promote the professional lives of minorities within the profession. In addition to continuing its founding mission, the organization is particularly interested in producing and distributing knowledge of economic issues that are of exceptional interest to promoting economic growth among native and immigrant African Americans, Latinos, and other people of color." Membership in the Association is available to professionals and graduate students in Economics and related disciplines. The NEA publishes the Review of Black Political Economy and regularly collaborates with the Allied Social Science Associations, American Economic Association, and American Society of Hispanic Economics.

American Society of Hispanic Economists
The American Society of Hispanic Economists (ASHE) is a professional association of economists in the United States that promotes the representation of Hispanic Americans within the economics profession and supports economic research relevant to Hispanic Americans. ASHE is recognized by the American Economic Association as one of the academic organizations comprising the Allied Social Sciences Associations.
Battle of Meung-sur-Loire
The Battle of Meung-sur-Loire took place on 15 June 1429.  It was one of Joan of Arc's battles following relief of the siege at Orléans. This campaign was the second sustained French offensive in a generation in the Hundred Years' War.

Siege of Orléans (1428–1429)
The siege of Orléans (12 October 1428 – 8 May 1429) marked a turning point of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. The siege took place at the pinnacle of English power during the later stages of the war, but was repulsed by French forces inspired by the arrival of Joan of Arc. The French would then regain the initiative in the conflict and begin to recapture territories previously occupied by the English.

The city held strategic and symbolic significance to both sides of the conflict. The consensus among contemporaries was that the English regent, John of Lancaster, would have succeeded in realising his brother the English king Henry V's dream of conquering all of France if Orléans fell. For half a year the English and their Burgundian allies appeared to be on the verge of capturing the city, but the siege collapsed nine days after Joan of Arc arrived.
Harbin Z-19
The Harbin Z-19 is a Chinese light reconnaissance/attack helicopter developed by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (HAMC) for the People's Liberation Army Air Force and the Ground Force Army Aviation.  It is a specialized combat variant of the Harbin Z-9, which is a license-built version of the Eurocopter Dauphin.

Harbin Z-9
The Harbin Z-9 (NATO reporting name "Haitun", Chinese: 海豚; lit. 'Dolphin') is a Chinese military utility helicopter with armed variants, manufactured by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation. It is a license-built variant of the French Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin.
Lower Highlands Historic District
The Lower Highlands Historic District encompasses one of the oldest residential areas of Fall River, Massachusetts.  The district is roughly bounded by Cherry, Main, Winter, and Bank Streets, and is located just east of the Downtown Fall River Historic District and directly south of the Highlands Historic District.  This area was settled by 1810, has architecture tracing the city's growth as a major industrial center. The historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Highlands Historic District (Fall River, Massachusetts)
The Highlands Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by June, Cherry, and Weetamoe Streets, Lincoln, Highland, President, North Main, and Hood Avenues in Fall River, Massachusetts. The district lies just north of the Lower Highlands Historic District.

The Highlands Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It encompasses over 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) and contains over 300 structures.
Bran
Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers – the combined aleurone and pericarp – surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). Along with the germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a byproduct of milling in the production of refined grains. Bran is highly nutritious, but is difficult to digest due to its high fiber content; its high fat content also reduces its shelf life as the oils/fats are prone to becoming rancid. As such, it is typically removed from whole grain during the refining process – e.g. in processing wheat grain into white flour, or refining brown rice into white rice.

Bran is present in cereal grain, including rice, corn (maize), wheat, oats, barley, rye, and millet. Bran is not the same as chaff, which is a coarser, scaly material surrounding the grain and is indigestible by humans.

Cereal germ
The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant;  
it is the seed embryo. Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling that produces refined grain products. Cereal grains and their components, such as wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, and maize bran, may be used as a source from which vegetable oil is extracted, or used directly as a food ingredient. The germ is retained as an integral part of whole-grain foods. 
Non-whole grain methods of milling are intended to isolate the endosperm, which is ground into flour, with removal of both the husk (bran) and the germ. Removal of bran produces a flour with a white rather than a brown color and eliminates fiber. The germ is rich in polyunsaturated fats (which have a tendency to oxidize and become rancid on storage) and so germ removal improves the storage qualities of flour.
Corydon Historic District
The Corydon Historic District is a national historic district located in Corydon, Indiana, United States. The town of Corydon is also known as Indiana's First State Capital and as Historic Corydon. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, but the listing was amended in 1988 to expand the district's geographical boundaries and include additional sites. The district includes numerous historical structures, most notably the Old Capitol (Indiana's first state capitol building), the Old Treasury Building (Indiana's first state office building), Governor Hendricks' Headquarters, the Constitution Elm Memorial, the Posey House, the Kintner-McGrain House (Cedar Glade), and The Kintner House Inn, as well as other residential and commercial sites.

Kintner House Hotel
The Kintner House Hotel is a historic bed and breakfast, in the Corydon Historic District in Corydon, Indiana.  The present building was built in 1873, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Italianate style brick building. The original Kintner House, two blocks away, was where John Hunt Morgan learned that Robert E. Lee lost at the Battle of Gettysburg. The Kintner House remained a hotel until 1920 and was used as offices until 1986. It was extensively restored and opened as a bed and breakfast in 1987.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Grand Avenue Water Tower
The Grand Avenue Water Tower is a water tower located at the intersection of Grand Boulevard and 20th Street in the College Hill neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. It is the oldest extant water tower in St. Louis, pre-dating both the Bissell Street Water Tower and the Compton Hill Water Tower.

Compton Hill Reservoir Park
Compton Hill Reservoir Park is a 36-acre (15 ha) public park located in the Compton Heights neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Situated on one of the highest elevations in the city, the park surrounds a 28-million-US-gallon (110,000 m3) reservoir that supplies water to many of St. Louis’s residents.
Paladin of Souls
Paladin of Souls is a 2003 fantasy novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold. It won the Hugo, Locus, and Nebula awards. It is a sequel to The Curse of Chalion, and takes place approximately three years later. The series that it is part of, World of the Five Gods, won the Hugo Award for Best Series in 2018.

Both Paladin of Souls and its prequel Curse of Chalion (2001) are set in the landlocked medieval kingdom of Chalion, which itself is a fictional equivalent of Castile and León during the time of the Reconquista, or Spanish Reconquest.

The Curse of Chalion
The Curse of Chalion is a 2001 fantasy novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold. In 2002 it won the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature and was nominated for the Hugo, World Fantasy, and Locus Fantasy Awards in 2002. The series that it began, World of the Five Gods, won the Hugo Award for Best Series in 2018.

Both The Curse of Chalion and its sequel Paladin of Souls (2003) are set in the fictional landlocked medieval kingdom of Chalion. The prequel The Hallowed Hunt (2005) takes place in the Weald to the south of Chalion and two to three hundred years earlier.
AH47
Asian Highway 47 (AH47) is a  route of the Asian Highway Network, running 2,124 kilometres (1,320 mi) from AH43 in Agra, India to AH43 in Mumbai, India.It passes through the Indian cities of Agra, Gwalior (AH43), Indore, Dhule (AH46), and Thane, Mumbai (AH43).

AH46
Asian Highway 46 (AH46)  is a route of the Asian Highway Network within India, from Kolkata in West Bengal to Surat in Gujarat. The route is part of old National Highway 6.

This highway connects Surat-Bardoli-Dhule-Jalgaon-Akola-Amravati-Nagpur-Bhandara-Durg-Bhilai-Raipur-Saraipali-Bargarh-Sambalpur-Debagarh-Kendujhar-Baharagora-Kharagpur-Kolkata.