hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criminal Law Act 1826
The Criminal Law Act 1826 (7 Geo. 4. c. 64) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated a large number of acts relating to criminal procedure.

The act is often considered one of Peel's Acts, which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes. The act formerly dealt with the preliminary examination and committal of accused persons by justices, the taking of depositions, the form of indictments, and the costs of prosecutions.

The act repealed for England and Wales enactments relating to the criminal law from 1275 to 1825. Similar provision was made for Ireland by the Criminal Statutes (Ireland) Repeal Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 53).

Peel's Acts
Peel's Acts (as they are commonly known) were Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. They consolidated provisions from a large number of earlier statutes which were then repealed. Their purpose was to simplify the criminal law. The term refers to the Home Secretary who sponsored them, Sir Robert Peel.

Some writers apply the term Peel's Acts to the series of acts passed between 1826 and 1832. Other writers apply the term Peel's Acts specifically to five of those acts, namely chapters 27 to 31 of the session 7 & 8 Geo. 4 (1827).

According to some writers, the Criminal Law Act 1826 (7 Geo. 4. c. 64) was the first of Peel's Acts.

The acts were the product of a failed attempt to codify the criminal law.
Sivagiri, Kerala
Sivagiri is an area in Varkala Municipality of Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala. It is a pilgrimage centre of Varkala Town where the tomb, or samadhi, of Sree Narayana Guru is situated. It is a place where Guru built the Sarada Temple dedicated to Sarada Devi. The tomb is an attraction for thousands of devotees every year, especially during the Sivagiri Pilgrimage days (Sivagiri Theerthadanam) from 30 December to 1 January.

The Sivagiri Matha, built in 1904, is atop the Sivagiri hill in Varkala Town. This is also the headquarters of the Sree Narayana Dharma Sangham, an organisation of his disciples and saints, established by the Guru to propagate his concept of "One Caste, One Religion, One God". The Guru Deva Jayanti, the birthday of the Guru, and the samadhi day are celebrated in August and September respectively every year. Colourful processions, debates and seminars, public meetings, cultural shows, community feasts, group wedding and rituals mark the celebrations.

Narayana Guru
Sree Narayana Guru (IPA: [nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐ guˈru]) (20 August 1856 – 20 September 1928) was a philosopher, spiritual leader and social reformer in India. He led a reform movement against the injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in order to promote spiritual enlightenment and social equality. A quote of his that defined his movement was "one caste, one religion, and one god for all human beings". He is the author of the Advaita poem Daiva Dasakam, which is one of the most used poem in Kerala for community prayer.

French philosopher and Nobel prize laureate for literature, Romain Rolland described Narayana guru as 'Jnani of Karma', noting that he exemplified how faith could be used to bring about social change.
Water Tower, Chester
The Water Tower (originally known as the New Tower) is a 14th-century tower in Chester, Cheshire, England, which is attached by a spur wall to Bonewaldesthorne's Tower on the city walls.  The tower, together with its spur wall, is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.  The original name of the tower was New Tower but in the 17th century it became known as the Water Tower, although the City Assembly tried to insist on the usage of its correct name.

Bonewaldesthorne's Tower
Bonewaldesthorne's Tower is a medieval structure on the northwest corner of the city walls of Chester, Cheshire, England; it is attached by a spur wall to the Water Tower.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.  Built as part of Chester's defensive system, it was used in the 19th and early 20th centuries as a museum.
Lambert, Count of Hesbaye
Lambert was the father of a Frankish noble named Robert, who was described in 741 AD as a "count or duke" in the neighbouring regions of Hesbaye, in what is now northeastern Belgium, and Maasau, which stretches into what is now the Netherlands. No other record about this Lambert exists.

Lambert's own life details and family remains unknown, although it has been proposed based on the use of the names Robert and Lambert that he was the son or paternal grandson of Robert II (Chrodobert II), Lord Chancellor of Francia, and a close relative of his contemporary and namesake, Saint Lambert of Maastricht.

Lambert had at least one son. Other children have been proposed:

Robert I, Count of Hesbaye, count or duke in Hesbaye and Maasau

Rotrude of Hesbaye, wife of Charles Martel and mother of Carloman (mayor of the palace) and Pepin the Short.

Possibly Landrade de Hesbaye, who was possibly the mother of Chrodegang

Robert I, Count of Hesbaye
Robert I or Rupert (c. 697 – 758) was a count or duke in the Hesbaye region. His father's name is known to be Lambert.

It has been proposed that this is the same Robert who married Williswinda who founded Lorsch Abbey. This Williswinda had three children:

Count Cancor (died 771)

Anselm (killed in battle in Roncesvalles, Spain, 778), Count Palatine

Thuringbert
Animal fancy
Animal fancy is a hobby involving the appreciation, promotion, or breeding of pet or domestic animals.

Fancy may include ownership, showing, animal sports and other competitions, and breeding. Hobbyists may simply collect specimens of the animal in appropriate enclosures (vivaria), such as an aquarium, terrarium, or aviary. Some fanciers keep hobby farms, or menageries (private zoos). There are many animal fancy clubs and associations in the world, which cater to everything from pigeons to Irish Wolfhounds. Fanciers and fancierdom may collectively be referred to as the fancy for that kind of animal, e.g. the cat fancy.

Animal fancy includes the keeping of animals considered exotic pets; a rapidly growing example is herpetoculture, the keeping of reptiles and amphibians.

Exotic pet
An exotic pet is a pet which is relatively rare or unusual to keep, or is generally thought of as a wild species rather than as a domesticated pet. The definition varies by culture, location, and over time—as animals become firmly enough established in the world of animal fancy—they may no longer be considered exotic.
Cavagnago
Cavagnago is a former municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.  On 1 April 2012, it was incorporated into the municipality of Faido along with the former municipalities of Anzonico, Calpiogna, Campello, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco.

Anzonico
Anzonico is a former municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.  On 1 April 2012, it was incorporated into the municipality of Faido along with the former municipalities of Calpiogna, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco.
Totland
Totland is a village, civil parish and electoral ward on the Isle of Wight. Besides the village of Totland, the civil parish comprises the western tip of the Isle of Wight, and includes The Needles, Tennyson Down and the hamlet of Middleton.

The village of Totland lies on the Western peninsula where the Western Yar almost cuts through along with Alum Bay and Freshwater. It lies on the coast at Colwell Bay, which is the closest part of the island to the British mainland.

Freshwater, Isle of Wight
Freshwater is a large village and civil parish at the western end of the Isle of Wight, England. The southern, coastal village is Freshwater Bay, named for the adjacent small cove.
Freshwater sits at the western end of the region known as the Back of the Wight or the West Wight, a popular tourist area.

Freshwater is close to steep chalk cliffs. It was the birthplace of physicist Robert Hooke and was the home of Poet Laureate Alfred Lord Tennyson.
Refrigerator car
A refrigerator car (or "reefer") is a refrigerated boxcar (U.S.), a piece of railroad rolling stock designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures. Refrigerator cars differ from simple insulated boxcars and ventilated boxcars (commonly used for transporting fruit), neither of which are fitted with cooling apparatus. Reefers can be ice-cooled, come equipped with any one of a variety of mechanical refrigeration systems, or use carbon dioxide (as dry ice) or liquid nitrogen as a cooling agent. Milk cars (and other types of "express" reefers) may or may not include a cooling system, but are equipped with high-speed trucks and other modifications that allow them to travel with passenger trains.

Boxcar
A boxcar is the North American (AAR) and South Australian Railways term for a railroad car that is enclosed and generally used to carry freight. The boxcar, while not the simplest freight car design, is considered one of the most versatile since it can carry most loads. Boxcars have side sliding doors of varying size and operation, and some include end doors and adjustable bulkheads to load very large items.

Similar covered freight cars outside North America are covered goods wagons and, depending on the region, are called goods van (UK and Australia), covered wagon (UIC and UK) or simply van (UIC, UK and Australia).
KLIA Transit
The  ERL KLIA Transit is a commuter rail service which serves as an airport rail link to the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia. It runs from KL Sentral, the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur to KLIA's Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. The line is one of the two services on the Express Rail Link (ERL) system, sharing the same tracks as the KLIA Ekspres. KLIA Transit stops at all stations along the line, whereas KLIA Ekspres runs an express, non-stop service between KL Sentral and the airport. The line is operated by Express Rail Link Sdn. Bhd. (ERL).

The line is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System. It is numbered 7 and coloured teal on official transit maps.

KLIA Ekspres
The KLIA Ekspres is an express airport rail link servicing the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia. It runs from KL Sentral, the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur, to KLIA's Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 stations. The line is one of the two services on the Express Rail Link (ERL) system, sharing the same tracks as the KLIA Transit. The KLIA Transit stops at all stations along the line, whereas the KLIA Ekspres runs as a direct non-stop express service between KL Sentral and KLIA Terminal 1 and 2. It is operated by Express Rail Link Sdn. Bhd. (ERL).

The line is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System. It is numbered 6 and coloured purple on official transit maps.
Back Alley Oproar
Back Alley Oproar is a Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on March 27, 1948, and features Sylvester and Elmer Fudd. The title is a play on "uproar" and "opera". This is a rare exception for Sylvester as he wins in this cartoon. It is a remake of Freleng's Notes to You (1941), which itself would be remade in Le Quiet Squad, a short in DePatie-Freleng Enterprises' The Inspector series of shorts, of which Freleng served as a producer on all entries.

Notes to You
Notes to You is a 1941 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on September 20, 1941, and stars Porky Pig.

This cartoon was remade in 1948, as Back Alley Oproar, with Elmer Fudd in Porky's role and Sylvester as the musical cat. It was remade again in 1967 as Le Quiet Squad, a short in The Inspector series (for which Freleng served as a producer for all cartoons in the series).

Along with All This and Rabbit Stew, the film was completed and shipped on September 2, 1941.
Gyani
A gyani or giani (Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨੀ (Gurmukhi)) is an honorific Sikh title used by someone learned in Sikhism and who often leads the congregation in prayers, such as Ardas, or in singing (kirtan). The word gyan means "knowledge" in Punjabi, being a derivative of the Sanskrit word jnana. So a "gyani" is one who has spiritual and religious knowledge and can help the congregation, the Sadh Sangat, in understanding the Sacred Texts and the history of the religion.

Sikh titles
Sikh titles are positions or honorifics appended to the names of members of the Sikh community. Their form may be prefixes or suffixes to names, or the title may be used alone, in place of the name. They may denote social status or relationship, occupational field, or religious standing. When used as a form of address, they are often intended to convey respect.
Holybrook
Holybrook is a civil parish, forming a contiguous part of Reading in West Berkshire and is a mixture of urban, suburban land with watercourses and flood meadows in Berkshire, England. The parish takes its name from the Holy Brook, a watercourse which forms its southern boundary and which is a corollary of the River Kennet. Its main settlements are part of Calcot those commonly known as Beansheaf Farm and Fords Farm, Holybrook and occasionally considered part of Calcot or Southcote which overlaps with this area.

Calcot, Berkshire
Calcot, or Calcot Row, is a village in West Berkshire, England. Calcot is within the built-up area of Reading, located about 3 miles (4.8 km) out of the town centre, and straddles the historic A4 Bath Road. It sits between the hamlet of Horncastle and Junction 12 of the M4 motorway.

Tilehurst is to the north, and the village of Theale is to the west, across the motorway. Its named neighbourhoods include Beansheaf Farm, Fords Farm and Calcot Place south of the centre developed in the early 21st century. It is contiguous with Reading and Theale.
Saint-Denis-d'Oléron
Saint-Denis-d'Oléron (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dəni dɔleʁɔ̃], literally Saint-Denis of Oléron, before 1962: Saint-Denis) is a commune on Oléron Island, located in the French department of Charente-Maritime, administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2015: Poitou-Charentes).

Oléron
The Isle of Oléron or Oléron Island (French: île d'Oléron, [il dɔleʁɔ̃]; Saintongese: ilâte d'Olerun; Latin: Uliaros insula, [uliˈaːros ˈinsula]) is an island off the Atlantic coast of France (due west of Rochefort), on the southern side of the Pertuis d'Antioche strait.

It is the second largest island of metropolitan France, after Corsica, with a length of 30 km (19 mi) and a width of 8 km (5 mi). It has an area of 174 km2 (67 sq. mi.) and more than 21,000 permanent inhabitants.
Cayuga language
Cayuga (Cayuga: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫˀ) is a Northern Iroquoian language of the Iroquois Proper (also known as "Five Nations Iroquois") subfamily, and is spoken on Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, Ontario, by around 240 Cayuga people, and on the Cattaraugus Reservation, New York, by fewer than 10.

Cayuga is critically endangered, with only 115 people of the Indigenous population reporting Cayuga as their mother tongue in the 2021 Canadian census. The Cayuga people are working to revitalize the language. As an example of such, Six Nations Polytechnic has developed apps on iOS and study programs in Cayuga, Oneida, Mohawk and others.

Cayuga people
The Cayuga (Cayuga: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ, "People of the Great Swamp") are one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), a confederacy of Native Americans in New York.  The Cayuga homeland lies in the Finger Lakes region along Cayuga Lake, between their league neighbors, the Onondaga to the east and the Seneca to the west. Today, Cayuga people belong to the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, and the federally recognized Cayuga Nation of New York and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma.
Jacques Le Tort
Jacques Le Tort (c. 1651 – c. 1702) was a French-Canadian fur trapper, trader, explorer and entrepreneur who spent much of his life in the Province of Pennsylvania engaged in the fur trade. He collaborated with other French-Canadians living there at the time, including Peter Bisaillon and Martin Chartier, as well as the future mayor of Philadelphia, James Logan. By the late 1690s he had become wealthy and somewhat notorious; the Provincial authorities had his wife arrested on suspicion of conspiring with the French to take control of Pennsylvania territory, although no charges were ever proven. He disappeared following a trip to England in 1702 and is presumed to have died at sea. His wife Anne Le Tort and his son James Le Tort took over his business after his death.

Peter Bisaillon
Peter Bisaillon (also Bezellon, Bizaillon, and other spellings), (baptized Pierre) (c. 1662 – 18 July 1742) was a New France fur trader and interpreter who spent most of his career in Pennsylvania engaged in trade with Native American communities. Bisaillon and other coureurs des bois dominated the Pennsylvania fur trade during the late 17th and early 18th century, as they were skilled hunters and trappers and had established good relations with local Native American tribes. Bisaillon and his colleagues were regarded with suspicion by Pennsylvania authorities, however, and he was frequently accused and jailed on false or minor charges. He was eventually forced out of the fur trade, but retired a wealthy man.
Tizi Ouzou
Tizi Ouzou or Thizi Wezzu (Arabic: تيزي وزو, Kabyle: Tizi Wezzu) is a city in north central Algeria, and capital of Tizi Ouzou Province and Tizi Ouzou District. It is among the largest cities in Algeria. It is the second most populous city in the Kabylia region after Béjaïa.

Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (/kəˈbɪliə/; Arabic: منطقة القبائل, lit. 'Area of the Tribes') is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean.

Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia.
Geophysical survey (archaeology)
In archaeology, geophysical survey is ground-based physical sensing techniques used for archaeological imaging or mapping. Remote sensing and marine surveys are also used in archaeology, but are generally considered separate disciplines. Other terms, such as "geophysical prospection" and "archaeological geophysics" are generally synonymous.

Remote sensing in archaeology
Remote sensing techniques in archaeology are an increasingly important component of the technical and methodological tool set available in archaeological research. The use of remote sensing techniques allows archaeologists to uncover unique data that is unobtainable using traditional archaeological excavation techniques.
Toni Rose Gayda
Toni Rose Danon Gayda is a Filipino television personality and actress. She is the daughter of the Philippine National Red Cross governor, public servant, and movie star Rosa Rosal (1928–2025), and American pilot Walter Gayda. She is of Filipino, Egyptian, French, and Polish-American descent (surname Gayda is Polish).

Gayda, alongside Richard Reynoso, is currently a host of A Song Of Praise Music Festival on UNTV, the only gospel music television program in the Philippines.

Rosa Rosal
Florence Lansang Danon-Gayda GCrGH (known professionally as Rosa Rosal; Tagalog: [ɾɔˈsɐ ɾɔˈsɐl]; October 16, 1928 – November 15, 2025) was a Filipino actress and humanitarian. She began her career as an actress in the late 1940s and remained active throughout the Golden Age of Philippine cinema, noted for her roles in Anak Dalita (1956), Badjao (1957), and Biyaya ng Lupa (1959). She ventured into television in the late 1960s as a presenter of public service shows and appeared in several drama series until 2005. Rosal was appointed a member of Philippine Red Cross board of governors in 1965 and pioneered mass blood-donation campaigns in the Philippines. Her accolades include a Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Order of the Golden Heart, two FAMAS Awards, and a Gawad Urian. Reader's Digest Asia named her the most trusted Filipino personality in 2010.
3GP and 3G2
3GP (3GPP file format) is a digital multimedia container format defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for 3G UMTS multimedia services, largely based on MPEG-4 Part 12. A 3GP container may consist of H.263 or H.264 video codecs or AMR or AAC-LC audio codecs.

3G2 (3GPP2 file format) is a multimedia container format defined by the 3GPP2 for 3G CDMA2000 multimedia services. It is very similar to the 3GP file format but consumes less space and bandwidth, and has some extensions and limitations in comparison to 3GP.

ISO base media file format
The ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF) is a container file format that defines a general structure for files that contain time-based multimedia data such as video and audio.
It is standardized in ISO/IEC 14496-12, a.k.a. MPEG-4 Part 12, and was formerly also published as ISO/IEC 15444-12, a.k.a. JPEG 2000 Part 12.

It is designed as a flexible, extensible format that facilitates interchange, management, editing and presentation of the media. The presentation may be local, or via a network or other stream delivery mechanism. The file format is designed to be independent of any particular network protocol while enabling support for them in general.

The format has become very widely used for media file storage and as the basis for various other media file formats (e.g. the MP4 and 3GP container formats), and its widespread use was recognized by a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award presented on 4 November 2021 by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.
Daimler India Commercial Vehicles
Daimler India Commercial Vehicles Pvt. Ltd. is a subsidiary of the German Daimler Truck AG. This company designs, manufactures, and sells commercial vehicles that cater to the demands of Indian customers and are designed with nation's terrain in mind. These vehicles are branded as "BharatBenz", "Mercedes-Benz" and "Fuso".

After starting production in June 2012, the first heavy-duty truck was launched in September 2012. The corporate office is located in Sholinganallur, Chennai, and the plant is located at Oragadam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. Currently, the chief executive officer is Satyakam Arya.

BharatBenz
BharatBenz is a brand of Daimler India Commercial Vehicles (DICV), itself a wholly owned subsidiary of the German manufacturer Daimler Truck AG. The brand is known for its trucks and buses. The headquarters of BharatBenz is at Oragadam, Chennai, India.

The “Bharat” part is symbolic for India.
Eik, Agder
Eik or Eig is a village in Kristiansand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located on the south side of the European route E39 highway between the villages of Lunde to the west, Tangvall to the east, and Høllen to the south.  The main residential neighborhood in the village is called Eikeheia.  Vaglen Beach is located just to the south of the village.  The village is considered to the part of the greater Søgne urban area, so its individual population statistics are not tracked by Statistics Norway.

Tangvall
Tangvall is a village in Kristiansand municipality in Agder county, Norway. It was the administrative centre of the old Søgne municipality which existed until 2020. The village is located along the European route E39 highway and the river Søgneelva.  The village sits just north of Åros and Høllen, northeast of the village of Eig, and east of the village of Lunde.

Together, Tangvall, Lunde, Høllen, Eig, Åros, and Langenes all form one large urban area known as Søgne. The 5.87-square-kilometre (1,450-acre) urban area has a population (2015) of 9,147 a population density of 1,558 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,040/sq mi).

The Old Søgne Church is located in the southeastern part of the urban area, just north of Åros and Langenes. The "new" Søgne Church is located in Lunde. The municipal government is based in Tangvall since 1974. Prior to that time, it was located in Lunde. The municipal high school is also located here.