hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yakovlev Yak-141
The Yakovlev Yak-141 (Russian: Яковлев Як-141; NATO reporting name "Freestyle"), also known as the Yak-41, is a Soviet supersonic vertical takeoff/landing (VTOL) fighter aircraft designed by Yakovlev. Intended as a replacement for the Yak-38, it was designed as a supersonic fleet defence fighter capable of STOVL/VTOL operating from Soviet carriers. Four prototypes were built before the project's cancellation.

Yakovlev Yak-38
The Yakovlev Yak-38 (Russian: Яковлев Як-38; NATO reporting name: "Forger") was Soviet Naval Aviation's only operational VTOL strike aircraft in addition to being its first operational carrier-based fixed-wing aircraft. It was developed specifically for, and served almost exclusively on, the Kiev-class aircraft carriers (heavy aviation cruiser in Soviet classification).
World War Hulk
"World War Hulk" is a comic book crossover storyline that ran through a self-titled limited series and various titles published by Marvel Comics in 2007, featuring the Hulk.

The series consists of five main issues titled World War Hulk, with Greg Pak as writer and John Romita Jr. as penciller, and three other limited series: World War Hulk: Front Line, World War Hulk: Gamma Corps, and World War Hulk: X-Men. It also ran through several other Marvel comics series.

The plot is the culmination of a series of events that began with the Hulk being tricked into space by the Illuminati and a Life Model Decoy of Nick Fury. Planet Hulk shows the Hulk's subsequent exile and his imminent return to Earth to seek revenge on the Illuminati.

World War Hulk: X-Men
World War Hulk: X-Men is a three-issue miniseries published by Marvel Comics. It is connected to the World War Hulk story arc and focuses on Professor X's involvement in the Illuminati (a secret group consisting of prominent superheroes) and the Hulk's expulsion into space. In the storyline, Xavier was not present when the decision to send the Hulk away was made by the Illuminati. As a result, the Hulk visits the X-Mansion to seek Xavier's perspective on what he would have chosen if he had been there. This part of the World War Hulk storyline occurs before, during, and after Endangered Species. The storyline explores themes of power, responsibility, and the consequences of past actions.
Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists
The Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (Spanish: Asociación Plurinacional de Reservistas del Tawantinsuyo; ASPRET) is an ethnonationalist paramilitary group, active in the VRAEM conflict zone in Peru. The group is led by Eddy Villarroel Medina, also known as "Comandante Sacha," a former member of the Peruvian Armed Forces. ASPRET's primary objective is to gain political power, and overthrow the Peruvian state. Members of the group call themselves the "guardians of the people" and have participated in riots in Oxapampa and Puerto Bermudez. ASPRET had an alliance with the Militarized Communist Party of Peru from 2018 to 2021. The group has also been accused of being connected to Hezbollah, which it denies. Many members of the movement are armed forces veterans of Peru's internal wars or the border disputes with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s.

United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru
The United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru (Spanish: Frente Unido Democrático Andino Revolucionario del Perú) (FUDARP) was an alliance between the Militarized Communist Party of Peru (MPCP) and the Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (ASPRET) formed in 2017, with the objective of reconciling the two armed groups.
Yosef Yozel Horwitz
Yosef Yozel Horowitz (Hebrew: יוסף יוזל הורוביץ), also Yosef Yoizel Hurwitz, known as the Alter of Novardok (1847–December 9, 1919), was a student of Rabbi Yisroel Salanter, the founder of the Musar movement. The Alter was also a student of Rabbis Yitzchak Blazer and Simcha Zissel Ziv and spent some time in Brest, learning from Rabbi Chaim Soloveichik. He established the Novardok yeshiva in the city of Navahrudak. Additionally, he established a network of yeshivas in Dvinsk, Minsk, Warsaw, Berdichev, Lida and Zetl. Some of his discourses were recorded in the book Madregas Ha-Adam (Hebrew: מדרגת האדם, Stature of Man). The most basic and important theme in his book is Bitachon (trust in God). (The Alter would sign his name: "B. B.," for Ba'al Bitachon, "Master of Trust [in God]".)

Israel Salanter
Yisrael ben Ze'ev Wolf Lipkin, also known as "Israel Salanter" or "Yisroel Salanter" (November 3, 1809 – February 2, 1883), was the father of the Musar movement in Orthodox Judaism and a famed Rosh yeshiva and Talmudist. The epithet Salanter was added to his name since most of his schooling took place in Salant (now the Lithuanian town of Salantai), where he came under the influence of Rabbi Yosef Zundel of Salant.  He was the father of mathematician Yom Tov Lipman Lipkin.
T53 (classification)
T53 is  disability sport classification for disability athletics.  The class includes people with a number of different types of disabilities including spinal cord injuries.  People in this class have full use of their arms but have no or limited trunk function. Similar classifications are T51, T52, and T54.   People in this class have a functional upper limbs, but limited trunk usage and limited lower limb functionality.  During classification, they both undergo a bench test of muscle strength and demonstrate their skills in athletics.  People in this class include  Tanni Grey-Thompson (GBR), Samantha Kinghorn (GBR), Angie Ballard (AUS) and Richard Colman (AUS).

T54 (classification)
T54 is  a disability sport classification for disability athletics in the track and jump events.  The class includes people with spinal cord injuries who compete using a wheelchair in track events.  They have paraplegia, but have normal hand and arm function, normal or limited trunk function, and no leg function.  This class includes CP-ISRA classes CP3 and CP4, and some athletes in ISOD classes A1, A2 and A3.
Jiangnan Circuit
Jiangnan Circuit or Jiangnan Province was one of the major circuits during the Tang dynasty, Five Dynasties period, and early Song dynasty. During the Tang dynasty it was known as Jiangnan Dao (江南道), and during the Song dynasty Jiangnan Lu (江南路), but both dao and lu can be translated as "circuit". In 1020 it was divided into 2 circuits: Jiangnan East Circuit and Jiangnan West Circuit.

During the Tang dynasty, its administrative area included Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, as well as some parts of Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, with its capital in Suzhou.

Its name – "South of the River" – refers to its location south of the Yangtze.

West Jiangnan, the future eponym of modern Jiangxi, was later separated from it.

Jiangnanxi Circuit
Jiangnanxidao (Chinese: 江南西道, Circuit of Western Jiangnan; Gan: Kongnomsitau) was a southern circuit of Tang Empire. It corresponds to part of present-day Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui. Jiangnanxidao is the origin where the name "Jiangxi" derives from, and its administrative territories also roughly represent nowadays Gan-speaking areas in China.

Jiangnanxidao was split from Jiangnandao in 733 with its capital located in Hongzhou (洪州, Gan: Fungjiu), modern-day Nanchang. Jiangnanxidao was divided into nineteen prefectures, namely:

Xuanzhou, 宣州

Shezhou, 歙州

Chizhou, 池州

Hongzhou, 洪州

Jiangzhou, 江州

Ezhou, 鄂州

Yuezhou, 岳州

Raozhou, 饒州

Qianzhou, 虔州

Jizhou, 吉州

Yuanzhou, 袁州

Xinzhou, 信州

Fuzhou, 撫州

Tanzhou, 潭州

Hengzhou, 衡州

Yongzhou, 永州

Daozhou, 道州

Binzhou, 郴州

Shaozhou, 邵州
Carbide lamp
A carbide lamp or acetylene gas lamp is a simple lamp that produces and burns acetylene (C2H2), which is created by the reaction of calcium carbide (CaC2) with water (H2O).

Acetylene gas lamps were used to illuminate buildings, as lighthouse beacons, and as headlights on motor-cars and bicycles. Portable acetylene gas lamps, worn on the hat or carried by hand, were widely used in mining in the early twentieth century. They are still employed by cavers, hunters, and cataphiles.

Acetylene
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is a chemical compound with the formula C2H2 and structure HC≡CH. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities such as divinyl sulfide and phosphine.

As an alkyne, acetylene is unsaturated because its two carbon atoms are bonded together in a triple bond. The carbon–carbon triple bond places all four atoms in the same straight line, with CCH bond angles of 180°. The triple bond in acetylene results in a high energy content that is released when acetylene is burned.
Xihui Park
Xihui Park is a key state park of China located west of Wuxi in eastern China's Jiangsu province. It was established in 1958 and commands historically famous views overlooking the city, the adjacent Grand Canal, and nearby Lake Tai. Its grounds include the Jichang Garden, the Second Spring under Heaven, the Dragon Light Pagoda, and a cable car connecting the park to the summit of Mount Hui.

Local legend purports that Xishan was once visited by the emperor Shi Huangdi.

Huishan National Forest Park
Huishan National Forest Park (Chinese: 惠山国家森林公园; pinyin: Huishan guojia senlin gongyuan) is a Chinese park in western Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. It is adjacent to Xihui Park.

It includes and is named for Mount Hui (惠山, Huìshān, lit. "Kindhearted Hill"). The Huishan National Forest Park lies three kilometers from Wuxi city. It was established in 1993 and covers an area of 93,333 hectares.
Concept F 450 GS
The BMW Concept F 450 GS is a prototype dual-sport motorcycle developed by BMW Motorrad. It was unveiled in November 2024 at the EICMA motorcycle show in Milan, Italy, previewing the production F 450 GS that followed one year later.

BMW F450GS
The BMW F 450 GS is a dual-sport motorcycle produced by BMW Motorrad. Unveiled in November 2025 at the EICMA motorcycle show in Milan, it serves as the entry point to BMW’s F-series parallel-twin adventure range, positioned between the single-cylinder G 310 GS and the mid-size F 800 GS.
TeamIndus
TeamIndus (incorporated as Axiom Research Labs) is a private for-profit aerospace company headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It consists of a team of professionals from various backgrounds in science, technology, finance, and media, that came together in 2010 with the aim of winning the Google Lunar X Prize competition announced in 2007. Although the competition ended in 2018 without a winner, TeamIndus is still working towards developing and launching their lunar rover mission sometime in 2020 after partnering with OrbitBeyond.

TeamIndus' lander was originally code-named HHK1, now called Z-01, and their rover is called ECA, an abbreviation for Ek Choti Si Asha (A Small Hope).

OrbitBeyond
Orbit Beyond, Inc., usually stylized as ORBITBeyond, is an aerospace company that builds technologies for lunar exploration. Its products include configurable delivery lunar landers with a payload capacity of up to 300 kg (660 lb), and rovers.
Samsung Galaxy Note 10
The Samsung Galaxy Note 10 series (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Note10) is a line of Android-based smartphones developed, produced, and marketed by Samsung Electronics as part of the Galaxy Note series. The basic & plus models were unveiled at the Galaxy Unpacked on August 7, 2019, as successors to the Samsung Galaxy Note 9. Details about the phablets were widely leaked in the months leading up to the phablets' announcement.

In January 2020, Samsung released a mid-range variant, the Galaxy Note 10 Lite, which was introduced with lesser specifications and features, alongside the Galaxy S10 Lite.

In August 2020, The Galaxy Note 10 series was succeeded by the Galaxy Note 20 series.

Samsung Galaxy Note 9
The Samsung Galaxy Note 9 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Note9) is an Android phablet smartphone developed, produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics as part of the Samsung Galaxy Note series. It was unveiled on 9 August 2018 at a Galaxy Unpacked event, as the successor to the Galaxy Note 8. It is available in six colors (Ocean Blue, Midnight Black, Lavender Purple, Metallic Copper, Cloud Silver, and Alpine White). It was succeeded by the Galaxy Note 10 on 8 August 2019.

Furthermore, it is the last Galaxy Note series phone to include a 3.5 mm headphone jack (except the Note 10 Lite).
Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (SSRB; Belarusian: Сацыялістычная Савецкая Рэспубліка Беларусь, romanized: Sacyjalistyčnaja Savieckaja Respublika Biełaruś; Russian: Социалистическая Советская Республика Белоруссия / ССРБ, romanized: Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika Belorussiya / SSRB) was a short-lived soviet republic, that existed in the territory of Belarus from the end of December 1918 to the middle of February 1919, centered in Minsk. It was created in Belarusian regions of the Western Oblast, and was later merged into the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia.

Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
The Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia (SSR LiB), alternatively referred to as the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and White Russia or simply Litbel or LitBel, was a Soviet republic that existed within the parts of the territories of modern Belarus and Lithuania for approximately five months during the Lithuanian–Soviet War and the Polish–Soviet War in 1919. The Litbel republic was created in February 1919 formally through the merger of the short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Belorussia.

Often described as a puppet state of Soviet Russia, during its brief existence the SSR LiB government had limited authority over the territories it claimed. By August 1919, the SSR LiB had lost control over all of its claimed territories, as the Polish Army and, to a lesser extent, Lithuanian Army advanced.
Fukushima Museum
Fukushima Museum (福島県立博物館, Fukushima Kenritsu Hakubutsukan) is a prefectural museum in Aizuwakamatsu, Japan, dedicated to the natural history, history, and culture of Fukushima Prefecture. The museum opened in Tsuruga Castle Park in 1986.

Aizuwakamatsu Castle
Tsuruga Castle (鶴ヶ城, Tsuru-ga-jō), also known as Aizuwakamatsu Castle (会津若松城 Aizu-Wakamatsu-jō) is a Japanese castle in northern Japan, at the center of the city of Aizuwakamatsu, in Fukushima Prefecture.
Flavor Flav
William Jonathan Drayton Jr. (born March 16, 1959), known by his stage name Flavor Flav. (/ˈfleɪvər ˌfleɪv/ FLAY-vər FLAYV), is an American rapper and television personality. Known for his catchphrase "Yeah, boyeeeeee!" when performing, he is a founding member alongside Chuck D, of Public Enemy, a rap group that has earned six Grammy Award nominations. He has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

After spending several years out of the limelight, Flav starred in multiple VH1 reality series, including The Surreal Life, Strange Love, and Flavor of Love.

Chuck D
Carlton Douglas Ridenhour (born August 1, 1960), known professionally as Chuck D, is an American rapper, best known as the leader and frontman of the hip-hop group Public Enemy, which he co-founded in 1985 with Flavor Flav. Chuck D is also a member of the rock supergroup Prophets of Rage. He has released several solo albums, most notably Autobiography of Mistachuck (1996).

His work with Public Enemy helped create politically and socially conscious hip-hop music in the mid-1980s. The Source ranked him at No. 12 on its list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Lyricists of All Time. Chuck D has been nominated for six Grammys throughout his career, and has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as a member of Public Enemy. He was also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013 as a member of Public Enemy.
Encompass Insurance Company
Encompass Insurance Company is a subsidiary of Allstate Corporation and is one of the largest personal property and casualty insurance brands sold through a network of more than 6,500 independent agent locations across the United States. The company that would become Encompass was founded in 1897 and officially became the Encompass Insurance Company in the 1990s. The company has its headquarters in Northfield Township, Illinois, near Northbrook, Illinois.

Allstate
The Allstate Corporation is an American insurance company, headquartered in Glenview, Illinois (with a Northbrook, Illinois address) since 2022. Founded in 1931 as part of Sears, Roebuck and Co., it was spun off in 1993, but was still partially owned by Sears until it became an independent company completely in June 1995.  The company also has personal line insurance operations in Canada.

Allstate is a large corporation, and with 2018 revenues of $39.8 billion, it ranked 79th in the 2019 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Its long-running advertising campaign, in use since 1950, asks, "Are you in good hands?", and the recognizable logo portrays a pair of human hands.
Tawûsî Melek
Tawûsî Melek or Melek Taûs (Kurdish: تاوسی مەلەک, romanized: Tawûsî Melek, lit. 'Peacock Angel') is one of the central figures of Yazidism. In Yazidi creation stories, before the creation of this world, God created seven Divine Beings, of whom Tawûsî Melek was appointed as the leader. God assigned all of the world's affairs to these seven Divine Beings, also often referred to as the Seven Angels or heft sirr ("the Seven Mysteries").

In Yazidi beliefs, Tawûsî Melek, the Lord of this World, is responsible for all that happens on this world, both good and bad. According to religious tradition, Nature, with its myriad phenomena of light and darkness, emanates from a single source, that is Tawûsî Melek. Qewl passages emphasize Tawûsî Melek's power on the earth, in the sky, sea, on the mountains, and their residents, that is, his power exists in all parts of nature, whether celestial or terrestrial.

Yazidism
Yazidism, or Yezidism  also known as Sharfadin, is a monotheistic ethnic religion. It developed through a complex historical process involving a pre-Islamic Kurdish religious substratum and the teachings of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir. Scholars generally regard it as an independent religious tradition with deep roots in ancient Iranian beliefs, shaped by later Sufi influences. Its followers, called Yazidis, or Yezidis, are a Kurdish-speaking community.

Yazidism is based on belief in one God who created the world and entrusted its guardianship to seven self-emanated angels. Preeminent among these angels is Tawûsî Melek (lit. 'Peacock Angel'; also spelled Melek Taûs), who is the leader of the angels and has the greatest authority over the world.
Paronychia
Paronychia is an inflammation of the skin around the nail, often due to bacteria or fungi.

Its sudden (acute) occurrence is usually due to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Gradual (chronic) occurrences are typically caused by fungi, commonly Candida albicans.

Risk factors for paronychia include frequent hand washing and trauma to the cuticle, such as from chronic nail biting or hangnails.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial infections and antifungals for fungal infections. If there is pus formation, incision and drainage may be necessary.

Paronychia is commonly mistakenly used interchangeably with herpetic whitlow or felon, which are distinct conditions.

Hangnail
A hangnail is a small piece of skin or nail next to a fingernail or toenail. Hangnails are typically caused by having dry skin, trauma to the fingers, or ingrown nails.

Hangnails can become infected and cause paronychia, a type of skin infection that causes inflammation around the nails. Hangnails may also cause pain if pulled as they may remain attached to living skin.

Daily use of hand lotion (or hand cream) or cuticle oil may help prevent the formation of hangnails.

For home treatment, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends clipping the loose piece of skin with a clean nail clipper or nail scissors, and applying over-the-counter antibiotic ointment if the area appears inflamed. Persistent hangnails should be evaluated by a physician.
Septic equation
In algebra, a septic equation is an equation of the form

where a ≠ 0.

A septic function is a function of the form

where a ≠ 0. In other words, it is a polynomial of degree seven. If a = 0, then f is a sextic function (b ≠ 0), quintic function (b = 0, c ≠ 0), etc.

The equation may be obtained from the function by setting f(x) = 0.

The coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h may be either integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers or, more generally, members of any field or ring.

Because they have an odd degree, septic functions appear similar to quintic and cubic functions when graphed, except they may possess additional local maxima and local minima (up to three maxima and three minima). The derivative of a septic function is a sextic function, except possibly when the characteristic of the ring containing the coefficients is divisible by 7.

Quintic function
In mathematics, a quintic function is a function of the form

where a, b, c, d, e and f are members of a field, typically the rational numbers, the real numbers or the complex numbers, and a is nonzero. In other words, a quintic function is defined by a polynomial of degree five.

Because they have an odd degree, normal quintic functions appear similar to normal cubic functions when graphed, except they may possess one additional local maximum and one additional local minimum. The derivative of a quintic function is a quartic function.

Setting g(x) = 0 and assuming a ≠ 0 produces a quintic equation of the form:

Solving quintic equations in terms of radicals (nth roots) was a major problem in algebra from the 16th century, when cubic and quartic equations were solved, until the first half of the 19th century, when the impossibility of such a general solution was proved with the Abel–Ruffini theorem.
Battle of Cortenuova
The Battle of Cortenuova (sometimes spelled Cortenova) was fought on 27 November 1237 in the course of the Guelphs and Ghibellines Wars: in it, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeated the Second Lombard League.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Ring-tailed vontsira
The ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans), locally still known as the ring-tailed mongoose, is a euplerid in the subfamily Galidiinae, a carnivoran native to Madagascar. It is the only species in the genus Galidia.

Galidiinae
Galidiinae is a subfamily of carnivorans that is restricted to Madagascar and includes six species classified into four genera. Together with the three other species of indigenous Malagasy carnivorans, including the fossa, they are currently classified in the family Eupleridae within the suborder Feliformia. Galidiinae are the smallest of the Malagasy carnivorans, generally weighing about 600 to 900 g. They are agile, short-legged animals with long, bushy ringed tails.

They closely resemble the mongooses (family Herpestidae) of continental Africa and southern Eurasia, with which they were classified until 2006, and accordingly they are said to be "mongoose-like" or even described as "Malagasy mongooses". The Malagasy name vontsira is a common name or alias for many species.