hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nisshinkan
The Nisshinkan (Nisshin-kan) (Japanese: 日新館), located in Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan, was the Aizu clan's official domain school (hankō). 
Established in 1801 and completed in 1803, It was created to educate the sons of high-ranking Samurai. The school's textbook, Nisshinkan dōjikun (Nisshinkan School Injunctions) written by daimyo lord Matsudaira Katanobu in 1803 was read by the students in class and given to the Aizu Samurai's families which allowed girls to be taught from it as well.

Aizuwakamatsu
Aizuwakamatsu (会津若松市, Aizuwakamatsu-shi) is a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 118,159 in 50,365 households, and a population density of 310 persons per km2. The total area of the city was  382.97 square kilometres (147.87 sq mi).
Liber ad amicum
Liber ad amicum is a historical work by Bonizo of Sutri written during the Investiture Controversy. Regarded as one of Bonizo's most well-known and influential works, Liber ad amicum chronicles the life of Pope Gregory VII and papal-imperial relations from the time of Constantine the Great to Gregory. It also details the individual histories of the Patarene movement that Bonizo belonged to and the House of Canossa.

Bonizo of Sutri
Bonizo of Sutri or Bonitho (c.1045–c.1095) was a Bishop of Sutri and then of Piacenza in central Italy, in the last quarter of the 11th century. He was an adherent of Gregory VII and an advocate of the reforming principles of that pope. He wrote three works of polemical history, including Liber ad amicum, which detailed the struggles between civil and religious authorities. He was driven out of both of his dioceses, once by the emperor and once by opponents of Gregorian-style reform.
312th Airlift Squadron
The 312th Airlift Squadron is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron, assigned to the 349th Operations Group stationed at Travis Air Force Base, California. It is an associate unit of the 22d Airlift Squadron, 60th Air Mobility Wing. It operates C-5M Galaxy aircraft supporting United States Air Force operations worldwide. Its mission is to provide services and support which promote quality of life and project global power through airlift and airdrop.

349th Operations Group
The 349th Operations Group (349 OG) is a United States Air Force Reserve unit assigned to the 349th Air Mobility Wing. The unit is stationed at Travis Air Force Base, California.

The 349 OG controls all operational flying squadrons of the 349 AW.

The unit's World War II predecessor unit, the 349th Troop Carrier Group was a C-46 Commando transport unit assigned to Ninth Air Force in Western Europe.
Karelian Proper language
Karelian Proper (Karelian Proper: varšinaiskarjala, varzinkarjala) is a supradialect of the Karelian language, which is a Finnic language. Karelian Proper is one of two or three Karelian dialects, along with Livvi-Karelian and Ludic. Karelian Proper is a direct descendent of the Old Karelian language, compared to Livvi-Karelian and Ludian supradialects which were formed through interactions between the Old Karelian and the Old Veps languages. Karelian Proper is situated in all of White Karelia and Central Karelia (parts of Olonets Karelia).

Northern Karelian dialect
Northern Karelian (also called: White Sea Karelian, Viena Karelian and North Karelian) (North Karelian: Vienankarjala) is one of the two dialects of Karelian Proper. Northern Karelian is spoken mainly in White Karelia, and is also the traditional language of the villages of Hietajärvi, Kuivajärvi and Rimpi in the Kainuu region of Finland. Northern Karelian is the most mutually intelligible Karelian dialect to speakers of the Finnish language.

Northern Karelian differs from South Karelian due to its inclusion of the voiceless consonants p, t, k, s and š. It also differs due to its more common usage of the š [sh/see] letter more than in other Karelian dialects.
Dauphin Kings
The Dauphin Kings are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada. They are members of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL), a part of the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) and Hockey Canada. The Kings were established in 1967 and play at the Credit Union Place.

Manitoba Junior Hockey League
The Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL) is a Junior 'A' ice hockey league operating in the Canadian province of Manitoba and one of nine member leagues of the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL).

The MJHL consists of thirteen teams all based within the province of Manitoba, eight of which qualify for each year's playoffs.  The playoff champion is awarded the Turnbull Cup, the Junior 'A' championship trophy for the province of Manitoba.  The winner of the MJHL playoffs (Turnbull Cup) earns a berth in the national championship, the Centennial Cup.
Rainbow Coalition (Philippines)
The Rainbow Coalition was a multi-party coalition in the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. It was composed of Lakas, the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC, 1992–1997), the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP, then known as Laban, 1992–1997), the Liberal Party, the Nacionalista Party, the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban), and the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL). The coalition was led by then House Speaker Jose de Venecia Jr.

Jose de Venecia Jr.
Jose Claveria de Venecia Jr. (Tagalog pronunciation: [vɛˈnɛʃa]; December 26, 1936 – February 10, 2026), also known as JDV, Joe De V or Manong Joe, was a Filipino politician and journalist who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2008. A member of Lakas–CMD, he ran for president in the 1998 election, but lost to Vice President Joseph Estrada, finishing second among 11 candidates.

Beginning in 1987, de Venecia was elected to six terms as a representative of the 4th district of Pangasinan. He served as Speaker of the House throughout the Ninth, Tenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses of the Philippines. He had served for more than a year as the House Speaker of the Fourteenth Congress when on February 5, 2008, 174 representatives, or a considerable majority of members of the House, voted to remove de Venecia as speaker. He was the first Filipino to hold the speakership five times in separate terms.
Maggie Nichols (gymnast)
Margaret Mary Nichols (born September 12, 1997) is an American former artistic gymnast.  She represented the United States in international competitions, including the 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, where she won a gold medal with the American team and an individual bronze medal on floor exercise. At the USA Gymnastics National Championships, she was the bronze medalist in the all-around and on uneven bars and floor exercise in 2014 and the silver medalist in the all-around in 2015. Before a knee injury in early 2016, she was a contender for the U.S. women's gymnastics team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Nichols competed in collegiate gymnastics for the Oklahoma Sooners where she was an eight-time NCAA Champion.  She was the ninth NCAA gymnast to complete a Gym Slam, the first to do so for Oklahoma, and the first NCAA gymnast to have achieved it twice.

Oklahoma Sooners women's gymnastics
The Oklahoma Sooners women's gymnastics team represents the University of Oklahoma in NCAA competition and competes in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Sooners have won nineteen conference championships, 15 NCAA Regional championships, and have appeared in 21 NCAA National Championships. In 2014, the Sooners won the program's first-ever team national title in the first-ever NCAA gymnastics championships tie, tying with Florida with a score of 198.175. The Sooners have had eighteen individual national champions, 202 NCAA All-Americans, and five Honda Awards (two to Kelly Garrison, Maggie Nichols, Anastasia Webb, and Jordan Bowers).

Some notable former and current OU gymnasts include Kelly Garrison, Chelle Stack, Hollie Vise, Natasha Kelley, McKenzie Wofford, Brenna Dowell, Maggie Nichols, Anastasia Webb, Ragan Smith, Jordan Bowers, and Faith Torrez.
M3 road (Zambia)
The M3 road is a road in northern Zambia that connects Kasama in the Northern Province with the Congo Pedicle border at Chembe in the Luapula Province via Luwingu and Mansa. The road contains two tollgates between Kasama and Mansa.

The south-western section of the M3 road is the first section of a shortcut that exists between the Luapula and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia, as the area in-between the 2 provinces is part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. At the Chembe Bridge, the M3 becomes the Congo Pedicle road to the Copperbelt, which is a road maintained by Zambia on Congolese Territory.

Chembe
Chembe is a border town in Chembe District in the Luapula Province of Zambia. It once had the Chembe Ferry as a means of crossing the Luapula River from DR Congo to Zambia, but now it is the home of the Mwanawasa Bridge (opened in October 2008), named after former president Levy Mwanawasa. The Mwanawasa Bridge connects the M3 road to the Congo Pedicle road, a dirt highway maintained by Zambia through Congolese territory to link Mansa (formerly known as Fort Rosebery) to the Copperbelt.
CNN Indonesia
CNN Indonesia is a 24-hour Indonesian free-to-air television news channel, owned by Trans Media in collaboration with Warner Bros. Discovery under a CNN license. Broadcasting from Trans Media studios in South Jakarta, the local franchise presents national and international content, focusing on general news, business, sports, and technology.

The TV programs are aired 24 hours a day via digital terrestrial TV networks, pay-TV providers Transvision and IndiHome nationwide, and live streaming services for overseas viewers.

Trans TV
PT Televisi Transformasi Indonesia, commonly known as Trans TV, is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster based in South Jakarta. Launched on December 15, 2001, it is owned by Chairul Tanjung. Programming consists of newscasts, movies, drama series, variety shows, quiz shows, and children's television series. Trans TV was Indonesia's main broadcaster of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, showing most group matches and all of the final matches, which led to the channel topping Indonesian television ratings as of June 19, 2018.
Frances Molina
Frances Xinia Dionisio Molina (born September 23, 1994) is a Filipino volleyball player for the Farm Fresh Foxies of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). She played with the Philippine Super Liga All-Stars in the 2016 FIVB Club World Championship. She is part of the Philippines women's national volleyball team.

Philippine Super Liga All-Stars
From 2016 to 2019, the Philippine Super Liga formed a selection team to represent the Philippines in international club competitions such as the Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship and the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship. The team has gone by many names, usually taking on the naming rights sponsor, but is often referred to as the Philippine Super Liga All-Stars.
FN Minimi
The FN Minimi (short for French: mini-mitrailleuse; "mini machine gun") is a Belgian 5.56mm or 7.62mm light machine gun, also classified as a squad automatic weapon developed by Ernest Vervier for FN Herstal. Introduced in the late 1970s, it is in service in more than 75 countries. The weapon is manufactured at the FN facility in Herstal and their U.S. subsidiary FN Manufacturing LLC.

The Minimi fires from an open bolt. It is an air-cooled, gas operated long-stroke piston weapon that is capable of fully automatic fire only. It can be belt fed or fired from a magazine. The Minimi is configured in several variants: the Standard model as a platoon or squad support weapon, the shortened Para version for paratroopers and the Vehicle model as secondary armament for fighting vehicles.

FN MAG
The FN MAG (French: Mitrailleuse d'Appui Général, English: General Purpose Machine Gun, lit. 'Machine gun for general support') is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, designed in the early 1950s at Fabrique Nationale (FN) by Ernest Vervier. It has been used by more than 80 countries and it has been made under licence in several countries, including Argentina, Canada, Egypt, India, and the United Kingdom.

The MAG is available in three primary versions: the standard, infantry Model 60-20 machine gun, the Model 60-40 coaxial machine gun for armoured fighting vehicles, and the Model 60-30 aircraft variant.
Train Fever
Train Fever is a business simulation game by Swiss developer Urban Games, funded via the crowdfunding platform Gambitious on 20 March 2012 for a total budget of €300,000 and therefore published digitally by Gambitious Digital Entertainment and to retail by Astragon.

Train Fever was made available for pre-order on 22 July 2014 and released on 4 September. On 8 November 2016 the successor, Transport Fever, was released: it is based on the same engine and has new transport types and larger map sizes.

The game is heavily inspired from other transport simulation games, such as Transport Tycoon, Railroad Tycoon and OpenTTD; and, to a lesser extent, Cities in Motion.

Good Shepherd Entertainment
Good Shepherd Entertainment (formerly Gambitious Digital Entertainment) is a Dutch video game publisher based in Amsterdam. The company was founded in 2011 and opened its equity crowdfunding platform in September 2012. Gambitious' publishing label was opened in 2014, offering publishing services. In August 2017, Gambitious Digital Entertainment was rebranded Good Shepherd Entertainment whereas they ceased their crowdfunding activities and fully transitioned into being a publisher. Having been a consultant to the company prior,  Brian Grigsby now became the CEO of the company.
Great Northern class S-2
The Great Northern S-2 was a class of 14 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1930 and operated by the Great Northern Railway until the late 1950s.

The locomotives were built to haul passengers on the GN mainline, pulling the Empire Builder and the Oriental Limited and were assigned to the Montana division for service between Williston, North Dakota and Havre, Montana and the Spokane division for service between Spokane, Washington and Wenatchee, Washington, then assigned to the Divide between Havre and Whitefish, Montana, of which mostly runs through the famed Marias Pass, though they were also used on GN tracks outside of their assigned areas.

Today, only one S-2 survives, No. 2584. It was retired in December 1957 and moved to the Havre depot in Havre, Montana in May 1964 where it still resides today.

Great Northern class P-2
The Great Northern P-2 was a class of 28 4-8-2 "Mountain" type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1923 and operated by the Great Northern Railway until the late 1950s.

The locomotives were built as passenger locomotives and the class had the honor of pulling the first Empire Builder train.

Today, two P-2s survive, No. 2507 is on display in Wishram, WA and No. 2523 is on display in Willmar, MN.
New Zealand DJ class locomotive
The New Zealand DJ class locomotive is a type of diesel-electric locomotive in service on the New Zealand rail network. The class were built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and introduced from 1968 to 1969 for the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) with a modernisation loan from the World Bank to replace steam locomotives in the South Island, where all of the class members worked most of their lives. Nine of the locomotives remain in use, mainly with Dunedin Railways.

They are the second class of locomotive in New Zealand to utilise the Bo-Bo-Bo wheel arrangement, the other classes being the EW class and the EF class. In both cases, this wheel arrangement was used to provide a lower axle-load due to track conditions as well, particularly in the case of the DJs, a shorter wheelbase more suited to sharp curvature on secondary or tertiary routes.

Bo-Bo-Bo
A Bo-Bo-Bo or Bo′Bo′Bo′ (UIC classification) is a locomotive with three independent two-axle bogies with all axles powered by separate traction motors. In the AAR system, this is simplified to B-B-B due to the system only taking powered axles into consideration, not traction axles.

The Bo-Bo-Bo configuration is often used to lower axle weight while keeping lateral forces low compared to a locomotive with two three-axle bogies, thus allowing the locomotive to use lightly laid track, in particular narrow-gauge railways.
ScotRail (National Express)
ScotRail was a train operating company in Scotland owned by National Express that operated the ScotRail franchise from March 1997 until October 2004. Prior to March 1997 ScotRail (British Rail) ran the trains and after October 2004 First ScotRail ran them.

Mobico Group
Mobico Group, formerly National Express Group, is a British multinational public transport company with headquarters in Birmingham, England. Domestically it currently operates bus and coach services under brands including National Express. The company also operates transport services including trains abroad: in Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Malta, Germany, Bahrain, Morocco, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and South Korea, and long-distance coach services across Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
EDSA
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, commonly referred to by its acronym EDSA (Tagalog: [ˈʔɛd.sɐ]), is a major circumferential road around Metro Manila, Philippines. It passes through 6 of Metro Manila's 17 local government units or cities, namely, from north to south, Caloocan, Quezon City, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, and Pasay.

Named after academic Epifanio de los Santos, the section of the road from Balintawak Interchange in Quezon City to Magallanes Interchange in Makati connects the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX). The avenue passes through the major financial districts of the metropolis which are Triangle Park, Araneta City, Ortigas Center, Makati CBD, and Bay City. It is the longest and the most congested highway in the metropolis, stretching some 23.8 kilometers (14.8 mi).

Magallanes Interchange
The Magallanes Interchange is a four-level partial turbine interchange in Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. It serves as the junction between the Osmeña Highway, Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) while also intersecting with inner streets and Chino Roces Avenue. It is also an interchange between the two train lines of Metro Manila, the MRT-3, which is over EDSA, and the PNR Metro Commuter Line beside Osmeña Highway and SLEX. It is currently one of the busiest intersections in Metro Manila.
Justin Brannan
Justin Lee Brannan (born October 14, 1978) is an American politician and musician. A Democrat, he was the New York City Councilmember for the 47th district from 2018 to 2025. A former musician, he was a founding member of the New York City hardcore bands Indecision and Most Precious Blood.

Vincent J. Gentile
Vincent Joseph "Vinnie" Gentile (born January 3, 1959) is an American politician who served in the New York City Council from the 43rd district from 2003 to 2017. He is a Democrat. The district includes Bath Beach, Bay Ridge, Bensonhurst, and Dyker Heights in Brooklyn.
Dalry and North Johnstone Line
The Dalry and North Johnstone Line (also known as the Lochwinnoch Loop Line or Kilbarchan Loop Line) was a branch of the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR) in Renfrewshire and Ayrshire, Scotland, connecting the stations in Elderslie and Dalry via a route running parallel to the existing line built by the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway. This provided additional line capacity for Ayrshire Coast and Kilmarnock services. The loop line was used for passenger services until the mid-1960s, when it was closed by the Beeching Axe. The majority of the line's trackbed has since been absorbed into the Sustrans National Cycle Network.

Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway
The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway (GPK&AR) was a railway in Scotland that provided train services between Glasgow, Kilmarnock and Ayr. It opened its first line, between Glasgow and Ayr, in stages from 1839 to 1840. The section between Glasgow and Paisley was made jointly with the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway. Later it built a line from Dalry via Kilmarnock to Cumnock, linking there with the Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway, and together forming a through route from Glasgow to Carlisle. The two companies merged to form the Glasgow and South Western Railway.

The original main line from Glasgow to Ayr, and the line from Kilmarnock to Carlisle, are in use today, although many intermediate stations and branch lines have closed.
Bartlemy
Bartlemy (Irish: Tobar Pártnáin, meaning 'well of Pártnán') is a small village and townland in County Cork, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of Gortroe close to the town of Rathcormac. The local Catholic church is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew and was built c. 1820. A "holy well", dedicated to the same saint, is located to the south-west. The village's former post office (built c. 1860) closed in 1991. As of 2024, the local national (primary) school had over 90 pupils enrolled.

Rathcormac
Rathcormac (Irish: Ráth Chormaic, meaning 'Cormac's ringfort') is a small town in north County Cork, Ireland. Previously situated on the main Cork to Dublin road (the N8), it was bypassed in 2006 by the M8. The former N8 through the town's main street is now the R639 regional road. Rathcormac is located in the Blackwater Valley region and is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.
Edgar Gilbert
Edgar Nelson Gilbert (July 25, 1923 – June 15, 2013) was an American mathematician and coding theorist, a longtime researcher at Bell Laboratories. His accomplishments include the Gilbert–Varshamov bound in coding theory, the Gilbert–Elliott model of bursty errors in signal transmission, the Erdős–Rényi–Gilbert model for random graphs, the Gilbert disk model of random geometric graphs, the Gilbert–Shannon–Reeds model of card shuffling, Gilbert tessellations, and the formulation of the Gilbert–Pollak conjecture on the Steiner ratio.

Erdős–Rényi model
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Erdős–Rényi model refers to one of two closely related models for generating random graphs or the evolution of a random network. These models are named after Hungarian mathematicians Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi, who introduced one of the models in 1959. Edgar Gilbert introduced the other model contemporaneously with and independently of Erdős and Rényi. In the model of Erdős and Rényi, all graphs on a fixed vertex set with a fixed number of edges are equally likely. In the model introduced by Gilbert, also called the Erdős–Rényi–Gilbert model, each edge has a fixed probability of being present or absent, independently of the other edges. These models can be used in the probabilistic method to prove the existence of graphs satisfying various properties, or to provide a rigorous definition of what it means for a property to hold for almost all graphs.
Alexander polynomial
In mathematics, the Alexander polynomial is a knot invariant which assigns a polynomial with integer coefficients to each knot type. James Waddell Alexander II discovered this, the first knot polynomial, in 1923.  In 1969, John Conway showed a version of this polynomial, now called the Alexander–Conway polynomial, could be computed using a skein relation, although its significance was not realized until the discovery of the Jones polynomial in 1984.  Soon after Conway's reworking of the Alexander polynomial, it was realized that a similar skein relation was exhibited in Alexander's paper on his polynomial.

James Waddell Alexander II
James Waddell Alexander II (September 19, 1888 –  September 23, 1971) was a mathematician and topologist of the pre-World War II era and part of an influential Princeton topology elite, which included Oswald Veblen, Solomon Lefschetz, and others. He was one of the first members of the Institute for Advanced Study (1933–1951), and also a professor at Princeton University (1920–1951).