hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cid Ricketts Sumner
Cid Ricketts Sumner (September 27, 1890 – October 15, 1970) was a novelist from the United States whose works inspired several Hollywood films. She also taught English at a Jackson, Mississippi, high school and French at Millsaps College.

Among Sumner's books is Tammy out of Time (1948), which inspired the Tammy film series and television series.

Tammy (TV series)
Tammy is an American sitcom, starring Debbie Watson in the title role. Produced by Universal City Studios, 26 color half-hour episodes were aired on ABC from September 17, 1965, to March 11, 1966.

Tammy was loosely based on the three Tammy films; Tammy and the Bachelor (1957) starring Debbie Reynolds; Tammy Tell Me True (1961); and Tammy and the Doctor (1963) both starring Sandra Dee. The films themselves were adaptations of novels by Cid Ricketts Sumner. The series was also partially influenced by other rural-themed TV sitcoms such as The Beverly Hillbillies.
Valeri Polyakov
Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov (Russian: Валерий Владимирович Поляков, IPA: [vɐˈlʲerʲɪj vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ pəlʲɪˈkof]; born Valeri Ivanovich Korshunov [Валерий Иванович Коршунов]; 27 April 1942 – 7 September 2022) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut. He is the record holder for the longest single stay in space, staying aboard the Mir space station for more than 14 months (437 days, 18 hours) during one trip. His combined space experience was more than 22 months.

Selected as a cosmonaut in 1972, Polyakov made his first flight into space aboard Soyuz TM-6 in 1988. He returned to Earth 240 days later aboard TM-7. Polyakov completed his second flight into space in 1994–1995, spending 437 days in space between launching on Soyuz TM-18 and landing with TM-20, setting the record for the longest time continuously spent in space by an individual.

Soyuz TM-7
Soyuz TM-7 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. It launched on 26 November 1988, at 15:49:34, and was the start of the fourth long duration expedition to Mir, Mir EO-4. The crew would join the third crew member of EO-4, cosmonaut/physician Valeri Polyakov, who was on Mir for the second half of EO-3. Also launched by Soyuz TM-7 was French astronaut Jean-Loup Chrétien, who would take part in the 24-day French mission known as Mir Aragatz. The spacecraft Soyuz TM-7 remained docked to Mir for the duration of EO-4. At the end of EO-4 in April 1989, due to delays in the launch schedule, Mir was left uncrewed, and all three EO-4 crew members were transported back to Earth.
Constitutional basis of taxation in Australia
The constitutional basis of taxation in Australia is predominantly found in sections 51(ii), 90, 53, 55, and 96, of the Constitution of Australia. Their interpretation by the High Court of Australia has been integral to the functioning and evolution of federalism in Australia.

The constitutional scheme as well as judicial interpretations have created a vertical fiscal imbalance, whereby the Commonwealth has the revenue-raising abilities while the States have major spending responsibilities. For example, primarily, Australian states fund schools and hospitals. The result of the limitations on state taxing power is that the Commonwealth collects the money through taxes, and distributes that money to states. The power to distribute funds to states, on conditions, is contained in section 96. As a result, the sphere of Commonwealth power has expanded through dictating policy through conditional grants. This limits the autonomy and power of the states in controlling policy.

Fiscal imbalance in Australia
The fiscal imbalance in Australia is the disparity between the revenue generation ability of the three levels of governments in Australia relative to their spending obligations; but in Australia the term is commonly used to refer more specifically to the vertical fiscal imbalance, the discrepancy between the federal government's extensive capacity to raise revenue and the responsibility of the States to provide most public services, such as physical infrastructure, health care, education etc., despite having only limited capacity to raise their own revenue. In Australia, vertical fiscal imbalance is addressed by the transfer of funds as grants from the federal government to the states and territories.
Barburgh Mill
Barburgh Mill is a hamlet composed of an old lint mill, later extended as a woolen mill and associated buildings, which lies north of Auldgirth on the A76 on the route to Closeburn, in Dumfriesshire, Closeburn Parish, in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Its original nucleus was the old mill with associated buildings, the smithy, toll house and the miller's and workers' dwellings. The site features the A76 that runs nearby, the River Nith and the Lake Burn that once powered the mill via a lade before joining the Nith. The area is famous for its association with the Covenanters. A Roman fortlet stood opposite the mill and a Roman road is thought to have run through Nithsdale at this point.

Dalgarnock
Dalgarnock, Dalgarno, Dalgarnoc  was an ancient parish and a once considerably sized village in the Nithsdale area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, south of Sanquhar and north of Dumfries that enclosed the parish of Closeburn but was annexed to Closeburn in 1606 following the Reformation, separated again in 1648 and finally re-united in 1697, as part of the process that established  the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. It was a burgh of regality bordering the River Nith and Cample Water and held a popular market-tryst or fair from medieval times until 1601  when the Earl of Queensberry had them transferred to Thornhill, commemorated in song by Robert Burns, shortly before its demise and now only a remote churchyard remains at a once busy site.
Islamabad Police
Islamabad Capital Territory Police (Urdu: اسلام آباد دارلحکومت علاقہ پولیس), also known as Islamabad Police, is a police force formed in 1981 to police Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan under administrative control of the Chief Commissioner, Islamabad Capital Territory Administration.

The force is headed by a senior officer (BS-21) of the Police Service of Pakistan, who serves as the Inspector General of the law enforcement agency. It has 12,625 employees, and consists of 32 police stations.

Law enforcement in Pakistan
Law enforcement in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں نفاذِ قانون) is one of the three main components of the criminal justice system of Pakistan, alongside the judiciary and the prisons.
The country has a mix of federal, provincial and territorial police forces with both general and specialised functions, but the senior ranks of all the provincial forces and most of the federal ones are manned by members of the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP). The PSP is one of the most prestigious part of the Central Superior Services, Pakistan's main civil service organisation. Federal law enforcement agencies are generally overseen by the Ministry of Interior of the Government of Pakistan, while provincial police forces are overseen by a department of the government of that province.
Siege of Zhvanets
The siege of Zhvanets (Ukrainian: Облога Жванця, Polish: Oblężenie Żwańca; September – 15 December, 1653) was fought between the Cossack Hetmanate, Crimean Khanate and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytskyi Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Zhvanets on the Dniester River in Ukraine, forces of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Ivan Bohun and İslâm III Giray besieged a Polish–Lithuanian force under the command of John II Casimir.

İslâm III Giray
İslâm III Giray (Crimean Tatar: اسلام كرای ثالث, romanized: İslâm Gäray-i S̱âlis̱; 1604 – 10 July 1654) was khan of the Crimean Khanate for ten years (1644–1654), interrupting the reign of his brother Mehmed IV Giray. He was khan during the Khmelnytsky uprising of the Cossacks against Poland.
Karl Ludwig von Ficquelmont
Karl Ludwig, Count of Ficquelmont (German: [ˈfɪkɛlˌmɔnt]; French: Charles-Louis comte de Ficquelmont; 23 March 1777 – 7 April 1857) was an Austrian aristocrat, statesman and General of the cavalry of the Austrian Imperial army of French noble origin.

De Ficquelmont family
The de Ficquelmont  family is a noble family from Lorraine dating back to the 14th century whose filiation is established with Henry de Ficquelmont, a knight who died before 1386.

This family produced different branches in France, Austria, Belgium, and became extinct in 1948 in the male line with Louis-Charles de Ficquelmont de Vyle and in the female line in 1991 with countess Ghislaine de Ficquelmont de Vyle.
Mike De Decker
Mike De Decker (born 15 December 1995) is a Belgian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number nineteen. Nicknamed "the Real Deal", he won his first major title at the 2024 World Grand Prix, defeating Luke Humphries 6–4 in the final. He won his first PDC Pro Tour title at Players Championship 16 in 2024. He finished as runner-up at the 2025 Belgian Darts Open on the PDC European Tour, as well as at the 2025 Australian Darts Masters on the World Series of Darts. He reached his second major quarter-final at the 2024 Players Championship Finals.

In his youth career, De Decker won four PDC Development Tour titles.

2025 Belgian Darts Open
The 2025 Belgian Darts Open, known as the 2025 Lecot Belgian Darts Open for sponsorship reasons, was a professional darts tournament that took place at the Oktoberhallen in Wieze, Belgium from 7 to 9 March 2025. It was the first of fourteen PDC European Tour events on the 2025 PDC Pro Tour. It featured a field of 48 players and £175,000 in prize money, with £30,000 going to the winner.

Luke Littler was the defending champion after defeating Rob Cross 8–7 in the 2024 final.

Littler retained the title by defeating Belgium's Mike De Decker 8–5 in the final.
Bowed string instrument
Bowed string instruments are a subcategory of string instruments that are played by a bow rubbing the strings. The bow rubbing the string causes vibration which the instrument emits as sound.

Despite the numerous specialist studies devoted to the origin of bowing, the origin of bowing remains unknown.

Bow (music)
In music, a bow (/boʊ/) is a tensioned stick which has hair (usually horse-tail hair) coated in rosin (to facilitate friction) affixed to it. It is moved across some part (generally some type of strings) of a musical instrument to cause vibration, which the instrument emits as sound. The vast majority of bows are used with string instruments, such as the violin, viola, cello, and bass, although some bows are used with musical saws and other bowed idiophones.
Baraboo Range
The Baraboo Range is a mountain range in Columbia County and Sauk County, Wisconsin. Geologically, it is a syncline fold consisting of highly eroded Precambrian metamorphic rock. It is about 25 miles (40 km) long and varies from 5 to 10 miles (16 km) in width. The Wisconsin River, previously traveling in a north to south direction, turns to the east just north of the range before making its turn to the west towards the Upper Mississippi River. The eastern end of the range was glaciated during the Wisconsinian glaciation, while the western half was not, and consequently, marks the eastern boundary of Wisconsin's Driftless Area.

The city of Baraboo is in the center of the valley. The range was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1980.

Wisconsin River
The Wisconsin River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, at approximately 430 miles (692 km) long. As a tributary of the Mississippi River, it is part of the Mississippi River System. The river's name was first recorded in 1673 by Jacques Marquette as "Meskousing" from his Indian guides - most likely Miami for "river running through a red place."

The river has been used for transportation, hunting, and fishing since prehistoric times. In the lumber industry, loggers used the upper reaches of the river and its tributaries to drive logs to their sawmills and the lower reaches to float rafts of sawn boards to markets as near as Portage and as far as St. Louis. Today, it is source of energy and tourism: dams along the river generate hydroelectric power, and people fish, boat, water-ski and sight-see on the river. It is home to many species of fish and other wildlife.
2023 FAA system outage
On January 11, 2023, U.S. flights were grounded or delayed as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) attempted to fix a system outage. FAA paused all flight departures between 7:30 a.m. and 9 a.m. ET. Flights already in the air were allowed to continue to their destinations. Around 8:30 am. ET, flights were beginning to resume departures. The outage was the first time since September 11, 2001, that the FAA issued a nationwide ground stop in the United States.

A preliminary investigation of the incident demonstrated to FAA investigators that a "damaged database file" may have caused the outage of the FAA's Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) system, responsible for notifying pilots of safety hazards. The FAA told CNN that there was "no evidence of a cyberattack" on its NOTAM system.

NOTAM
A NOTAM (ICAO & FAA: Notice to Airmen, CAA: Notice to Aviation) is a notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of potential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the flight. NOTAMs are notices or advisories that contain information concerning the establishment, conditions or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which may be essential to personnel and systems concerned with flight operations.

NOTAMs are created and transmitted by government agencies and airport operators under guidelines specified by Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Services of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (CICA). A NOTAM is filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of any hazards en route or at a specific location, or Flight Information Region. The authority, in turn, provides a means of disseminating relevant NOTAMs to pilots.
Hostler
A hostler (/ˈhɒslər/ or /ˈɒslər/) or ostler /ˈɒslər/ was traditionally a groom or stableman who was employed in a stable to take care of horses, usually at an inn, in the era of transportation by horse or horse-drawn carriage. In the twentieth century the word came to be used in the railroad industry for a type of train driver in rail yards with switcher locomotives or a type of truck driver in similar work with terminal tractors.

Inn
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for horses.

An innkeeper is the person who runs an inn.
Masahiko Matsumoto
Masahiko Matsumoto (松本 正彦, Matsumoto Masahiko, November 24, 1934 – February 14, 2005) was a Japanese manga artist. He is considered a pioneer of alternative manga through his incorporation of cinematic techniques into manga from the mid-1950s onward. His style known as komaga, together with the manga of Yoshihiro Tatsumi and Takao Saito, was the catalyst of the gekiga movement.

Takao Saito
Takao Saito (Japanese: 齊藤 隆夫（さいとう・たかを）, Hepburn: Saitō Takao; November 3, 1936 – September 24, 2021) was a Japanese manga artist, although he rejected the term and considered his work gekiga. He was best known for Golgo 13, which has been serialized in Big Comic since 1968, making it the oldest manga still in publication. Golgo 13 holds the Guinness World Record for "Most volumes published for a single manga series" and, in accordance with Saito's wishes, it continues to be serialized following his death from pancreatic cancer in September 2021. Saito won several awards in his 66-year career, including the Shogakukan Manga Award twice, and received the Medal with Purple Ribbon and Order of the Rising Sun from the Japanese government for his contributions to the arts.
Palacio Municipal de Miraflores
The Municipal Palace of Miraflores (Spanish: Palacio Municipal de Miraflores) is the current headquarters of the municipal corporation of the Lima district of Miraflores in Peru. It is located at number 400 Larco Avenue, in front of Miraflores Central Park. It was declared a national monument in 1999.

Miraflores Central Park
Miraflores Central Park (Spanish: Parque Central de Miraflores), also known as Miraflores Park (Spanish: Parque de Miraflores), is a public park located in Miraflores, Lima, Peru. It is divided into two parks: John F. Kennedy Park (Spanish: Parque John F. Kennedy) and 7 June Park (Spanish: Parque 7 de Junio). The former gives the entire park complex its popular name, Kennedy Park.

Two streets—Lima and Virgen Milagrosa—pass through the park. The park is known for its large presence of street cats, and is commonly used for events such as book fairs and marathons, as well as Fiestas Patrias celebrations such as the Corso Wong, and political and social protests.
Leonard Parkin
Leonard Parkin (2 June 1929 – 20 September 1993) was an English television journalist and newsreader for the BBC and ITN. He began his career as a reporter for local newspapers in Yorkshire before moving to London to work for BBC Radio Newsreel and TV News. Parkin became the BBC's Canadian correspondent in 1960, and three years later was promoted to Washington correspondent. In 1965, he was a reporter on the BBC's current affairs programme Panorama, leaving in 1966 when he was injured in a car accident.

In 1967, he joined ITN and became a newsreader on its half-hour News at Ten bulletin. Parkin took over as the main presenter of ITN's First Report lunchtime current affairs programme and was a regular newsreader on News at One from 1978 to 1987. Between 1978 and 1982, he read the news on the News at 5:45 bulletin. Parkin took early retirement from ITN in July 1987 and went on to create a series of documentaries for Yorkshire Television.

ITV Lunchtime News
The ITV Lunchtime News is the afternoon news programme produced by ITN on the British television network ITV. It airs Monday to Friday from 1:30pm, covering British national and international news stories and is presented by Nina Hossain. The bulletin's time-slot is occasionally brought forward to a 1pm start-time in the event of ITV Racing coverage airing on ITV.
Louie Louie
"Louie Louie" is a rhythm and blues song written, composed, and recorded by American musician Richard Berry in 1956 and released in 1957. It is best known for the 1963 hit version by the Kingsmen and has become a standard in pop and rock. The song is based on the tune "El Loco Cha Cha" popularized by bandleader René Touzet and is an example of Afro-Cuban influence on American popular music.

"Louie Louie" tells, in simple verse–chorus form, the first-person story of a "lovesick sailor's lament to a bartender about wanting to get back home to his girl".

Richard Berry (musician)
Richard Berry Jr. (April 11, 1935 – January 23, 1997) was an American singer, songwriter and musician, who performed with many Los Angeles doo-wop and close harmony groups in the 1950s, including the Flairs and the Robins.

He is best known as the composer and original performer of the rock standard "Louie Louie". The song became a hit for the Kingsmen and others, and it is one of the most recorded songs of all time; however, Berry received little financial benefit for writing it until the 1980s, having signed away his rights to the song in 1959. He also wrote and released "Have Love, Will Travel" which has been recorded by many other artists.
Pavel Banya
Pavel Banya (Bulgarian: Павел баня) is a small town in Stara Zagora Province, south-central Bulgaria, located between the towns of Kalofer and Kazanlak. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Pavel Banya Municipality.  As of December 2009, the town had a population of 2,918. The place is famous for its mineral springs.

Kazanlak
Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък [kɐzɐnˈɫɤk] is a town in Stara Zagora Province, Bulgaria. It is located in the middle of the Kazanlak Valley, at the foot of the Balkan Mountains, which forms the eastern part of the Rose Valley. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kazanlak Municipality. The ancient Thracian city of Seuthopolis was situated near the town.

The town is among the 15 biggest industrial centres in Bulgaria, with a population of 44,760 people as of Dec 2017.

It is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols.
Chakia, Bihar
Chakia is a town and a subdivision in East Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Chakia is a sub division of East Champaran district. It is located approximately 48 Kilometres northwest of Muzaffarpur. 32 kilometers southeast of its District headquarters Motihari.

East Champaran district
East Champaran district or Purvi Champaran district is an administrative district in the Tirhut division of the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarter is located at Motihari. Prior to 1971, there was a single Champaran District. On 1 December 1971, it was divided into East and West Champaran (Purvi and Paschimi Champaran). In early days the land of East Chamapran was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.
Minette Batters, Baroness Batters
Minette Bridget Batters, Baroness Batters, DL (née Hill; born 28 May 1967), is a British farmer who was the president of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales from 2018 to 2024. She has been a member of the House of Lords since 2024.

National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
The National Farmers' Union (NFU) is an employer association representing farming and growing businesses within England and Wales.

The NFU originated as the Lincolnshire Farmers' Union (LFU) which was founded in 1904. Over the next four years, similar farmers' organisations were established in neighbouring counties. In 1908, these organisations formed the current National Farmers' Union. Colin Campbell was its first president.

The organisation has been led by Tom Bradshaw as president since 2024.
Cash flow forecasting
Cash flow forecasting is the process of obtaining an estimate of a company's future cash levels, and its financial position more generally. A cash flow forecast is a key financial management tool, both for large corporates, and for smaller entrepreneurial businesses. The forecast is typically based on anticipated payments and receivables. Several forecasting methodologies are available.

Financial management
Financial management is the business function concerned with profitability, expenses, cash and credit. These are often grouped together under the rubric of maximizing the value of the firm for stockholders. The discipline is then tasked with the "efficient acquisition and deployment" of both short- and long-term financial resources, to ensure the objectives of the enterprise are achieved.

Financial managers (FM) are specialized professionals directly reporting to senior management, often the financial director (FD); the function is seen as 'staff', and not 'line'.
Bertie Cunningham
Bernard P. Cunningham (1939 – 19 January 2023) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. At club level played with Ballivor and at inter-county level with the Meath senior football team. Cunningham usually lined out as a centre-back.

Meath county football team
The Meath county football team represents Meath in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Meath GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Meath's home ground is Páirc Tailteann, Navan. The team's manager is Robbie Brennan.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2010, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1999 and the National League in 1994.