hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Landfill gas migration
Landfill gas migration is a complex process in which gases produced by waste in a landfill move from the site of original deposition to other places via diffusion, usually from areas of high concentration to low. The process is also affected by the permeability of the ground and other factors, such as pressure differences in the soil, cavities, pipes, and tunnels. Changes in atmospheric pressure

and the water table can encourage this migration.

These gases can include methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), and volatile organic compounds (there are approximately 500 others that can be present in trace forms) from the waste on site and its degradation over time.

Steps must be taken to prevent this migration from the landfill site as it might enter buildings in the vicinity. This can be done on the site by means of combinations of geomembranes and clay based products, see gas protection.

Gas protection
Gas protection is the prevention or control of the penetration of hazardous gases into buildings or other types of real property. It usually involves either blocking entry pathways or removing the source of the gas.
The Women in the Castle
The Women in the Castle is a  2017 novel by Jessica Shattuck. The book, which became a New York Times Bestseller, is about three German women during and after World War II. The three are widows of conspirators involved in the assassination attempt on Hitler, and each deals with the fallout of her personal life and the devastation around her differently.

Jessica Shattuck
Jessica Shattuck is an American author. Her debut novel, The Hazards of Good Breeding, was a finalist for the L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award
 and a New York Times notable book, both in 2003. She subsequently published the novel Perfect Life, in 2009. Her third novel, The Women in the Castle (2017), became a New York Times best seller.
Delos Wickens
Delos Donald "Wick" Wickens (October 6, 1909 – April 9, 1988) was an American  experimental research psychologist, behaviorist, and author. He taught at Ohio State University from 1946 until his retirement in 1980.

Wickens discovered the release from proactive inhibition through his research on proactive interference buildup. His analysis of human behavior culminated in his work “Encoding Categories of Words; an Empirical Approach to Meaning,” which was published in Psychological Review and remains one of the most widely cited articles in the history of recent psychology.  Over the years, Wickens published his research findings predominantly in the Journal of Experimental Psychology and the Bulletin of the Psychometric Society.

Interference theory
The interference theory is a theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning. The notion is that memories encoded in long-term memory (LTM) are forgotten and cannot be retrieved into short-term memory (STM) because either memory could interfere with the other. There is an immense number of encoded memories within the storage of LTM. The challenge for memory retrieval is recalling the specific memory and working in the temporary workspace provided in STM. Retaining information regarding the relevant time of encoding memories into LTM influences interference strength.
There are two types of interference effects: proactive and retroactive interference.
Museum of Folk Art and History of Pelion
The Museum of Folk Art and History of Pelion (Greek: Μουσείο Λαϊκής Τέχνης και Ιστορίας του Πηλίου) is a museum in the village of Makrinitsa (Volos), Magnesia, Greece.
It is housed in the Topali Mansion (Greek: Αρχοντικό Τοπάλη), an 1844 building designated a "Work of Art and Historical Preserved Monument".
The museum holds a large collection of folk art and everyday objects of the Pelion area from the 18th and 19th centuries;

Pelion
Pelion or Pelium (Modern Greek: Πήλιο, Pílio; Ancient Greek/Katharevousa: Πήλιον, Pēlion) is a mountain at the southeastern part of Thessaly in northern Greece, forming a hook-like peninsula between the Pagasetic Gulf and the Aegean Sea. Its highest summit, Pourianos Stavros, is 1,624 metres (5,328 ft) amsl. The Greek National Road 38 (GR-38) runs through the southern portion of the peninsula and GR-38A runs through the middle.
Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the two confederal entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, are its federated states with a high level of autonomy. The cantons were established by the Law on Federal Units (Cantons) on 12 June 1996 as a result of the Washington Agreement of 1994 between the representatives of the Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats.

Five of the cantons have a Bosniak majority: Una-Sana Canton, Tuzla Canton, Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde and Sarajevo Canton; three have a Croat majority: Posavina Canton, West Herzegovina Canton and Canton 10, and two cantons are regarded as ethnically mixed: Central Bosnia Canton and Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. The most populous canton is Tuzla Canton, while Canton 10 is the largest by geographical area.

Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde
The Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde (Bosnian and Croatian: Bosansko-podrinjski kanton Goražde; Serbian: Босанско-подрињски кантон Горажде), until 2001 Goražde-Podrinje Canton (Bosnian and Croatian: Goraždansko-podrinjski kanton; Serbian: Горажданско-подрињски кантон) is a federated state and one of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League
The 2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League was the 22nd edition of the European women's club football championship organised by UEFA, and the 14th edition since being rebranded as the UEFA Women's Champions League. It was the second edition to feature a 16-team group stage.

The final was held at the Philips Stadion in Eindhoven, Netherlands. The winners of the 2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League automatically qualified for the 2023–24 UEFA Women's Champions League group stage.

Lyon were the defending champions, having won a record-extending eighth title after winning the 2022 final. They were unable to defend their title after being defeated by Chelsea in the quarter-finals.

Barcelona won their second title by defeating VfL Wolfsburg 3–2 in the final.

2023 UEFA Women's Champions League final
The 2023 UEFA Women's Champions League final was the final match of the 2022–23 UEFA Women's Champions League, the 22nd season of Europe's premier women's club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 14th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Women's Cup to the UEFA Women's Champions League. The match was played at the Philips Stadion in Eindhoven, Netherlands on 3 June 2023, between Spanish club Barcelona and German club VfL Wolfsburg.

Barcelona won the match 3–2 for their second UEFA Women's Champions League title.
Stacey Dash
Stacey Lauretta Dash (born January 20, 1967) is an American actress. Dash played Dionne Marie Davenport in the 1995 feature film Clueless and its television series. She has also appeared in the films Moving, Mo' Money, Renaissance Man, and View from the Top. Other television work by Dash includes appearances in the series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Single Ladies and the reality TV show Celebrity Circus. She has also appeared in music videos for Carl Thomas' "Emotional" and Kanye West's "All Falls Down".

Clueless (TV series)
Clueless is an American television teen sitcom based on the 1995 film of the same name (which was inspired by Jane Austen's 1815 novel Emma). It aired on ABC from September 20, 1996 to February 14, 1997, as a part of the TGIF lineup during its first season. The series then spent its last two seasons on UPN, airing from September 23, 1997 to May 25, 1999. Alicia Silverstone had a development deal with Columbia-TriStar at this time, and was unable to reprise her role from the film.
Elongated square gyrobicupola
In geometry, the elongated square gyrobicupola is a polyhedron constructed by two square cupolas attaching onto the bases of octagonal prism, with one of them rotated. It is a canonical polyhedron. It is not considered to be an Archimedean solid because it lacks a set of global symmetries that map every vertex to every other vertex, unlike the 13 Archimedean solids. However, it was once mistakenly considered a rhombicuboctahedron by many mathematicians. For this reason, it is also known as the pseudo-rhombicuboctahedron, Miller solid, or Miller–Askinuze solid.

Square cupola
In geometry, the square cupola (sometimes called lesser dome) is a cupola with an octagonal base. In the case of all edges being equal in length, it is a Johnson solid, a convex polyhedron with regular faces.
It can be used to construct many other polyhedrons, particularly other Johnson solids.
Kawaguchi, Saitama
Kawaguchi (川口市, Kawaguchi-shi) is a city located in southeastern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2025, the city had an estimated population of 595,011 in 293,582 households and a population density of 9605 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.95 square kilometres (23.92 sq mi). It is the Greater Tokyo Area's 8th most populated city (after passing Hachioji), and second largest in Saitama Prefecture, after eponymous Saitama.

Saitama (city)
Saitama (さいたま市, Saitama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Its area incorporates the former cities of Urawa, Ōmiya, Yono and Iwatsuki. It is a city designated by government ordinance. As of 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 1,324,854, and a population density of 6,093 people per km2 (15,781 people per sq mi). Its total area is 217.43 square kilometres (83.95 sq mi).
NDUFB7
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7, also known as complex I-B18, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB7 gene. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.

Respiratory complex I
Respiratory complex I, EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane of bacteria.

This enzyme is essential for the normal functioning of cells, and mutations in its subunits lead to a wide range of inherited neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Defects in this enzyme are responsible for the development of several pathological processes such as ischemia/reperfusion damage (stroke and cardiac infarction), Parkinson's disease and others.
Hundred of Noarlunga
The Hundred of Noarlunga is a cadastral unit of hundred in South Australia covering the far south-western Adelaide metropolitan area south and west of the Sturt River and north and west of the Onkaparinga River. It is one of the eleven hundreds of the County of Adelaide stretching from Glenelg in the northwest to Port Noarlunga in the southwest; and spanning inland between the Sturt and Onkaparinga to Bridgewater in the Adelaide foothills. It was named in 1846 by Governor Frederick Robe, Noarlunga being likely derived from 'nurlongga', an indigenous word referring to the curvature in the Onkaparinga River at Old Noarlunga, dubbed Horseshoe Bend by European settlers.

Old Noarlunga, South Australia
Old Noarlunga (formerly Noarlunga) is a suburb in the Australian state of South Australia located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide. Originally settled around 1840, the town retains its village atmosphere in spite of encroaching suburbia.
Lisa Arch
Lisa Arch (née Kushell) is an American actress and comedian, known for her recurring role on Curb Your Enthusiasm as Cassie with wife of Larry's cousin, Andy, her roles in the 1997–98 season of the FOX Network comedy show, Mad TV, as cohost of TBS's Dinner and a Movie from 2002 to 2005,  and as the recurring character of Samantha Samuels on Disney Channel's Cory in the House. Arch has also been in movies, such as 2001's Legally Blonde.

Cory in the House
Cory in the House is an American television sitcom which aired on the Disney Channel from January 12, 2007, to September 12, 2008, and was a spin-off from the Disney Channel series That's So Raven. The show focuses on Cory Baxter, who moves from San Francisco, California, to Washington, D.C. with his father, Victor Baxter, who gets a new job as the White House executive chef. The series was the first Disney Channel spin-off series, as well as the final Disney Channel series overall to be both shot and broadcast in standard definition for the entire run of the show. Reruns of the series have aired on Disney Channel and Disney XD, it also aired on the Family Channel in Canada. Raven-Symoné guest-starred in one episode, reprising her role as Raven Baxter.
Nikita Bedrin
Nikita Vyacheslavovich Bedrin (Russian: Никита Вячеславович Бедрин; born 6 January 2006) is a Russian-Italian racing driver who is set to compete in the GB3 Championship for VRD Racing.

Bedrin finished fourth in the 2022 ADAC Formula 4 Championship and is a race winner in Italian F4. He is a member of the DS Penske Driver Development Program in Formula E. He previously competed in the FIA Formula 3 Championship from 2023 to 2025 for Jenzer Motorsport and AIX Racing. Bedrin finished 11th in the Formula Regional European Championship in 2025, earning 2 podiums and 72 points.

2025 Formula Regional European Championship
The 2025 Formula Regional European Championship by Alpine was a multi-event, Formula Regional open-wheel single seater motor racing championship held across Europe. The championship featured a mix of professional and amateur drivers, competing in Formula Regional cars that conform to the FIA Formula Regional regulations for the championship. This was the seventh season of the championship and the fifth after a merger with Formula Renault Eurocup which resulted in the change of the engine supplier to Alpine.

Prema Racing's Freddie Slater won the Drivers' Championship title at the penultimate race of the season, while Van Amersfoort Racing's Dion Gowda clinched the Rookie Championship title at the same race. R-ace GP won the Team's Championship title for the second time.
R238 road (Ireland)
The R238 road is a regional road in Ireland. It is a ring road around the Inishowen Peninsula in County Donegal. The R238 is also part of the main road from Derry to Buncrana. Sections of the road form part of the Wild Atlantic Way. In July 2010, the road was the site of Ireland's worst road crash resulting in eight deaths.

The R238 travels north from the N13 at Bridge End. The road travels along Lough Swilly to reach Buncrana. From there the road proceeds inland to Carndonagh. After Carndonagh, the road goes to meet the Lough Foyle coast at Moville. From Moville the road proceeds southwest to end at the County Londonderry border just past Muff. The R238 is 88.1 km (54.7 mi) long.

2010 R238 traffic collision
On 11 July 2010, eight people were killed when a black Volkswagen Passat collided with a red Toyota Corolla on the Buncrana to Clonmany section of the R238 road in County Donegal, Ireland. It was the deadliest road accident in the country since records began in 1961. The road at Glasmullen was not previously thought of as an accident blackspot. Seven of those who died watched the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final shortly before their deaths, while the eighth was returning home after playing bingo. The crash and the funerals, which took place over a three-day period, attracted both national and international attention. By comparison, the number of other people to die on the nation's roads that weekend was two.
Michael Nobel
Michael Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL, Swedish: [nʊˈbɛlː]; 3 February 1940 – 27 November 2024) was a Swedish entrepreneur of Russian origin. He was a member of the Nobel family, a descendant of Ludvig Nobel, a chairman of the Nobel Family Society (1995–2006), a co-founder and chairman of the Nobel Sustainability Trust. Nobel served on several international boards that focus on scientific, medical and charitable initiatives. He promoted energy efficiency and alternative energy technology.

Nobel Charitable Trust
The Nobel Sustainability Trust (NST), formerly known as the Nobel Charitable Trust, is a charity set up by members of the Swedish Nobel family, i.e. descendants of the Ludvig Nobel. Its founders are Michael Nobel, Gustaf Nobel, and Philip Nobel. Its board consists of Peter Nobel, Michael Nobel, Erik Nobel, Stephanie Nobel, and Johan Nobel. The trust started to bestow awards in 2024. The selection of the awards is coordinated by the Institute for Advanced Study of the Technical University of Munich (TUM-IAS).

The former Chairman of the Nobel Sustainability Trust is Gustaf Nobel.
Paolo Pezzi
Paolo Pezzi, FSCB (Russian: Павел Пецци; born 8 August 1960), also known as Pavel Pezzi, is an Italian Catholic prelate who has served as the Latin Archbishop of Moscow since 2007. He is a member of the Priestly Fraternity of the Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo.

Priestly Fraternity of the Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo
The Priestly Fraternity of the Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo (FSCB), or also known as the Fraternity of St. Charles, is a Catholic society of apostolic life founded in Rome on 14 September 1985 by Fr Massimo Camisasca. The fraternity obtained pontifical recognition in 1999.
Cupra (marque)
Cupra (/ˈkuːprə/; stylised in all caps) is a car brand owned by The Volkswagen Group, a German manufacturer, and produced by SEAT, a Spanish car manufacturer and wholly-owned subsidiary of Volkswagen Group, headquartered in Martorell near Barcelona.

Originating from SEAT's motorsport division Cupra Racing, the Cupra brand was introduced as a standalone brand in January 2018, after being used as a performance sub-brand of SEAT since 1996. While initial Cupra models are based on SEAT vehicles, in September 2020 Cupra introduced the first Cupra-only vehicle, the Cupra Formentor. In 2021, the brand introduced its first electric car called the Cupra Born.

Cupra Formentor
The Cupra Formentor is a compact crossover SUV (C-segment) manufactured by the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT under their Cupra performance-oriented sub-brand. Marketed as a coupé SUV, it is the first car designed specifically for the sub-brand. The production version was revealed in March 2020, after its unveiling was postponed when the COVID-19 pandemic led to the cancellation of the 2020 Geneva Motor Show. It was previewed as a near-production concept vehicle at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show. It is named after the Formentor peninsula on the Spanish island of Mallorca. Production of the Formentor started in late September 2020.
Vejlby Stadium
Vejlby Stadium also known as Pistolero Park (Danish: Vejlby Stadion) is an association football facility in Risskov, Denmark. It is the home stadium of 3rd Division club VSK Aarhus which is a merger between the former tenants of the stadium, IK Skovbakken and Vejlby IK. Constructed in 1969, it is part of the sports complex, known as Vejlby-Risskov Sports Centre (Danish: Vejlby-Risskov Idrætscenter), owned by Aarhus Municipality.

Record attendance at Vejlby Stadium occurred on 7 September 1978, when IK Skovbakken faced local rivals AGF in the Danish Superliga, then called 1st Division. 11,763 spectators saw the home team lose 2–4.

Aarhus Gymnastikforening
Aarhus Gymnastikforening (Danish: [ˈɒːˌhuˀs kymnaˈstikfʌˌe̝ˀne̝ŋ]; commonly known as AGF Danish: [æke̝ˀˈef]) is a professional sports club based in Aarhus, Jutland, Denmark. Founded in 1880, it is one of the oldest clubs in the country where gymnastics and fencing were featured as its main sports. However, AGF is mostly known for its football department, which was established in 1902. The club's first team plays in the Danish Superliga, the top flight of the Danish football league system.

AGF has won five Danish Football Championships and nine Danish Cups. In 1961, AGF reached the quarter-finals of the European Cup where they were knocked out by later winners, Benfica. In 1989, AGF again reached a European quarter-final, this time in the European Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost 1–0 on aggregate to later winners FC Barcelona.
They won the Atlantic Cup twice, in 2018 and 2020.
BioMotiv
BioMotiv is an accelerator company associated with The Harrington Project, an initiative centered at University Hospitals of Cleveland. Therapeutic opportunities were identified through relationships with The Harrington Discovery Institute, university and research institutions, disease foundations, and industry sources. Once opportunities are identified, BioMotiv oversees the development, funding, active management, and partnering of the therapeutic products.

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UH Cleveland Medical Center), formerly known as University Hospitals Case Medical Center (UH Case Medical Center), is a large not-for-profit academic medical complex in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.

UH Cleveland Medical Center is the main campus of University Hospitals. With 150 locations throughout the Cleveland metropolitan area, the University Hospitals health system encompasses hospitals, outpatient centers, and primary care clinics.

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center is the main teaching hospital of Case Western Reserve University. It also has an affiliation with the Northeast Ohio Medical University.
False title
A false, coined, fake, bogus or pseudo-title, also called a Time-style adjective and an anarthrous nominal premodifier, is a kind of preposed appositive phrase before a noun predominantly found in journalistic writing. It formally resembles a title, in that it does not start with an article, but is a common noun phrase, not a title. An example is the phrase convicted bomber in "convicted bomber Timothy McVeigh", rather than "the convicted bomber Timothy McVeigh".

Some usage writers condemn false titles, and others defend it. Its use was originally American, but it has become widely accepted in some other countries. In British usage it was generally confined to tabloid newspapers but has been making some headway on British websites in recent years.

Journalese
Journalese is the artificial or hyperbolic, and sometimes over-abbreviated, language regarded as characteristic of the news style used in popular media. Joe Grimm, formerly of the Detroit Free Press, likened journalese to a "stage voice": "We write journalese out of habit, sometimes from misguided training, and to sound urgent, authoritative and, well, journalistic. But it doesn't do any of that."
Bernadetto de' Medici
Bernardetto de' Medici (died Naples, after 1576), 1st Lord of Ottajano, was an Italian patrician who moved from Florence to Naples and established the Ottaiano branch of Medici - one of two Medici branches still extant.

Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence
Alessandro de' Medici (22 July 1510 – 6 January 1537), nicknamed "il Moro" due to his dark complexion, Duke of Penne and the first Duke of the Florentine Republic (from 1532), was ruler of Florence from 1530 to his death in 1537. The first Medici to rule Florence as a hereditary monarch, Alessandro was also the last Medici from the senior line of the family to lead the city. His assassination at the hands of distant cousin Lorenzaccio caused the title of Duke to pass to Cosimo I de Medici, from the family's junior branch.