hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Supai, Arizona
Supai (Havasupai: Havasuuw) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Coconino County, Arizona, United States, within the Grand Canyon on the valley floor.

As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 208. The capital of the Havasupai Indian Reservation, Supai is the only place in the United States where mail is still carried in and out by mules.

Supai has been referred to as "the most remote community" in the contiguous United States by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It is accessible only by helicopter, on foot or by mule. Supai is 8 miles (13 km) from the nearest road and has no automobiles in the community.

Havasupai–Hualapai language
Havasupai–Hualapai (Havasupai–Walapai) is a Native American language spoken by the Hualapai and Havasupai peoples of northwestern Arizona. Havasupai–Hualapai belongs to the Pai branch of the Yuman–Cochimí language family, together with its close relative Yavapai and with Paipai, a language spoken in northern Baja California. There are two main dialects of this language: the Havasupai dialect is spoken in the bottom of the Grand Canyon, while the Hualapai dialect is spoken along the southern rim. As of 2010, there were approximately 1500 speakers of Havasupai-Hualapai. UNESCO classifies the Havasupai dialect as endangered and the Hualapai dialect as vulnerable. There are efforts at preserving both dialects through bilingual education programs.
Burgundian (party)
The Burgundian party was a political allegiance against France that formed during the latter half of the Hundred Years' War. The term "Burgundians" refers to the supporters of the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, that formed after the assassination of Louis I, Duke of Orléans. Their opposition to the Armagnac party, the supporters of Charles, Duke of Orléans, led to a civil war in the early 15th century, itself part of the larger Hundred Years' War.

Charles I, Duke of Orléans
Charles I (24 November 1394 – 5 January 1465) was Duke of Orléans from 1407, following the murder of his father, Louis I, Duke of Orléans. He was also Duke of Valois, Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise and of Blois, Lord of Coucy, and the inheritor of Asti in Italy via his mother Valentina Visconti.

He is now remembered as an accomplished medieval poet, owing to the more than five hundred extant poems he produced, written in both French and English, during his 25 years spent as a prisoner of war and after his return to France.
North Ferry
The North Ferry is a ferry service that links Shelter Island, New York, with Greenport, New York. With the South Ferry service, it forms part of New York State Route 114 and provides a link between the North and South Forks of Long Island.

Greenport, Suffolk County, New York
Greenport is a village in New York's Suffolk County, on the North Fork of Long Island. It is located within the Town of Southold and is the only incorporated community in the town. The population was 2,197 at the 2010 census.

Greenport was a major port for its area, having developed a strong fishing and whaling industry in the past, although currently there are only a handful of commercial fishing vessels operating out of the village. More recently the tourism industry has grown substantially.
Aguadilla metropolitan area
The Aguadilla metropolitan area (Spanish: área metropolitana de Aguadilla), is the third largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Puerto Rico, comprising the municipalities of Aguadilla, Isabela, San Sebastián, Aguada, Moca, Añasco, and Rincón between the coastal plains, the Northern Karst Belt, and the Cordillera Central mountain subrange in the northwestern region of the main island. One of 6 metropolitan statistical areas in Puerto Rico, it lies within the Mayagüez–Aguadilla combined statistical area (CSA), which is one of 3 primary statistical areas in the main island as defined by the United States Census Bureau. As of 2023, census estimates place the population of the Aguadilla metropolitan area at 250,435.

San Sebastián, Puerto Rico
San Sebastián (Spanish pronunciation: [san seβasˈtjan] ⓘ, locally [ˌsaŋ seβaʔˈtjaŋ]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the northwestern region of the island, south of Isabela, Quebradillas and Camuy; north of Las Marías; east of Moca and Añasco; and west of Lares. San Sebastián is spread over twenty-four barrios and San Sebastián Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is a principal city of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Coyote Creek Trail
The Coyote Creek Trail is a pedestrian and cycling trail along Coyote Creek in San Jose, California, which continues into Coyote Valley and northern Morgan Hill. The Coyote Creek Trail was designated part of the National Recreation Trail system in 2009. It is also part of the Bay Area Ridge Trail system.

Coyote, California
Coyote is an unincorporated community in Santa Clara Valley astride Coyote Creek and between San Jose and Morgan Hill's Madrone district in Santa Clara County. Part of Coyote is inside the city limits of San Jose. Its ZIP Code is 95013, and there is a small U.S. Post Office. It is inside telephone area codes 408 and 669.
Harstad Municipality
Harstad (Norwegian: [ˈhɑ̂ʂːʈɑ] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Hárstták) is the second-most populated municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is mostly located on the large island of Hinnøya. The municipal center is the town of Harstad, which is the most populous town in Central Hålogaland and the third-largest in all of Northern Norway. The town was incorporated in 1904. Villages in the municipality include Elgsnes, Fauskevåg, Gausvika, Grøtavær, Kasfjord, Lundenes, Nergården and Sørvika.

The 445-square-kilometre (172 sq mi) municipality is the 225th largest by area out of Norway's 357 municipalities and the 49th most populous, with a population of 25,056. The municipality's population density is 56.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (146/sq mi) and the population has increased by 2.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Grøtavær
Grøtavær is a coastal fishing village in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located on the western part of the island of Grytøya, along the Andfjorden, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northwest of the village of Lundenes. Grøtavær Church is located in the village and the Grøtavær islands are located just off shore.
Terrance Dotsy
Terrance Dotsy (born November 24, 1981) is an American former professional football lineman who played four seasons with the Dallas Desperados of the Arena Football League (AFL). He first enrolled at Ventura College before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley. Dotsy was also a member of the Quad City Steamwheelers of the af2.

Ventura College
Ventura College is a public community college in Ventura, California. Established in 1925, the college has a 112-acre (45 ha) campus with an enrollment of 13,763 students. It is part of the Ventura County Community College District.
Richard Sapper
Richard Sapper (30 May 1932 – 31 December 2015) was a German industrial designer who was based in Milan for much of his career. He is considered to be one of the most influential figures of post-war design. His products typically feature a combination of technical innovation, simplicity of form, and an element of wit and surprise.

Sapper received numerous awards and distinctions, including 11 Compasso d'Oro awards, the Raymond Loewy Foundation's Lucky Strike Designer Award, and the German Order of Merit. Examples of his work are held by museums such as the Victoria and Albert and Design Museum in London, the Pompidou Center in Paris, the ADI Design Museum in Milan, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York – which counts over 17 of his designs in its collection.

Compasso d'Oro
The Compasso d'Oro (Italian pronunciation: [komˈpasso ˈdɔːro]; 'Golden Compass') is an industrial design award which originated in Italy in 1954. Initially sponsored by Milanese department store La Rinascente, the award has been organised and managed by the Associazione per il Disegno Industriale (ADI) since 1964. The Compasso d'Oro is the first and among the most recognized and respected design awards. It aims to acknowledge and promote quality in industrial design in Italy and internationally, and has been called both the "Nobel" and the "Oscar" of design.
Ni Min-jan
Ni Min-jan (Chinese: 倪敏然; pinyin: Ní Mǐnrán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gê Bín-jiân; 30 April 1946 – April 2005) was a famous well-rounded Taiwanese celebrity and entertainer, TV and movie star, comedian and recording artist, cross-talk (Xiangsheng) and play writer.

In 1979, he teamed up with Zhang Kui, Zhang Fei, Ling Feng, and Xia Yunfei to form the "Wenna Five Rats" (named after the Wenna Five Tigers). The group was a sensation in the Taiwan show scene in the 1980s. Ni Min-jan was brilliant at imitating funny, well-known classic characters such as "Mr. Seven" and "Vice President Ni".

The cause of his death was suicide by hanging in April 2005 at age 58 or 59. Ni had been suffering from depression, and was having financial and family problems, including having an affair with Xia Yi.

Ni was friends with singer and television personality Chang Fei and singer Frankie Kao.

Chang Fei
Chang Fei  (Chinese: 張菲; pinyin: Zhāng Fēi; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiuⁿ Húi listenⓘ; born Chang Yan-ming (simplified Chinese: 张彦明; traditional Chinese: 張彥明; pinyin: Zhāng Yànmíng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiuⁿ Gān-bêng; born 4 December 1952) is a Taiwanese singer and television personality.

He retired from show business following the cancellation of Variety Big Brother (綜藝大哥大) in 2018.
Chichester
Chichester (/ˈtʃɪtʃɪstər/ ⓘ CHITCH-ist-ər) is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is the only city in West Sussex and is its county town. It was a Roman and Anglo-Saxon settlement and a major market town from those times through Norman and medieval times to the present day. It is the seat of the Church of England Diocese of Chichester and is home to a 12th-century cathedral.

The city has two main watercourses: the Chichester Canal and the River Lavant. The Lavant, a winterbourne, runs to the south of the city walls; it is hidden mostly in culverts when close to the city centre.

Chichester District
Chichester is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the city of Chichester, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district includes the towns of Midhurst, Petworth and Selsey and surrounding rural areas, including many villages. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park, and Chichester Harbour is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 124,531.

The district is on the coast, facing the English Channel. The neighbouring districts are Arun, Horsham, Waverley, East Hampshire and Havant.
Duality (optimization)
In mathematical optimization theory, duality or the duality principle is the principle that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. If the primal is a minimization problem then the dual is a maximization problem (and vice versa). Any feasible solution to the primal (minimization) problem is at least as large as any feasible solution to the dual (maximization) problem. Therefore, the solution to the primal is an upper bound to the solution of the dual, and the solution of the dual is a lower bound to the solution of the primal. This fact is called weak duality.

In general, the optimal values of the primal and dual problems need not be equal. Their difference is called the duality gap. For convex optimization problems, the duality gap is zero under a constraint qualification condition. This fact is called strong duality.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Hussaini Dalan
The Hussaini Dalan (Bengali: হোসেনি দালান, Arabic: حسیني دلان) is a Twelver Shi'ite Imambara that was originally built during the later half of the Mughal rule in the 17th century in Dhaka. It was built as the Imambara of the Shia Muslim community. Hussaini Dalan serves as the main Hussainiya of Dhaka, or venue for majlis or gatherings held during the month of Muharram; the ten-day religious gathering commemorates the martyrdom of Hussain, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Husayniyya
A husayniyya (Arabic: حسينية) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram. The husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.
Night Vale Presents
Night Vale Presents is a production company and independent podcast network founded in 2015 by Joseph Fink and Jeffrey Cranor. The name is derived from its flagship podcast, Welcome to Night Vale, and the network is also known for publishing Alice Isn't Dead and Sleep with Me. It is the successor to Commonplace Books, a collaborative fiction group from the early 2010s, which published several books as well as early Night Vale episodes. Night Vale Presents is partnered with Public Radio Exchange.

Sleep with Me (podcast)
Sleep with Me is a twice-weekly podcast that began on October 18, 2013. It is hosted by "Dearest Scooter" as performed by Drew Ackerman. Sleep with Me joined the Feral Audio podcast network in February 2017 and moved to Night Vale Presents on March 28, 2018. The podcast's tagline is "The podcast that puts you to sleep".
Jim Forbes (Australian politician)
Alexander James de Burgh Forbes CMG MC (16 December 1923 – 10 August 2019), often known as A. J. Forbes, was an Australian politician. He served in the House of Representatives from 1956 to 1975 as a member of the Liberal Party, representing the Division of Barker in South Australia. He held ministerial office in the Coalition governments of the 1960s and 1970s, serving as Minister for the Navy (1963–1964), Army (1963–1966), Health (1966–1971), and Immigration (1971–1972). At his death, Forbes was the last surviving Liberal minister who served in the ministries of Sir Robert Menzies, Harold Holt and John McEwen, as well as the First Gorton Ministry.

Division of Barker
The Division of Barker is an Australian electoral division in the south-east of South Australia. The division was established on 2 October 1903, when South Australia's original single multi-member division was split into seven single-member divisions.  It is named for Captain Collet Barker, a British military officer and early explorer, prior to the British Settlement of South Australia, of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and the region at the mouth of the Murray River near the Coorong where he died in 1831 whilst on active duty after successfully solo swimming the channel of water and went compass in hand over a sandhill.
Fernando Recio
Fernando Recio Comí (Chinese: 列斯奧; born 17 December 1982) is a former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He is currently the assistant coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Kitchee.

Born in Spain, he spent most of his professional career with Kitchee in Hong Kong after signing in 2010, eventually going on to represent the Hong Kong national team.

Hong Kong national football team
The Hong Kong representation football team (Chinese: 香港足球代表隊; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jūkkàuh doihbíu deuih; recognised as Hong Kong, China by FIFA) represents Hong Kong in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Hong Kong, China, the governing body for football in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong hosted the first AFC Asian Cup in 1956 and won third place, also reaching the semifinals in 1964. Hong Kong did not qualify for another AFC tournament until 2023. They had never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have qualified for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship five times, in 2003, 2010, 2019, 2022 and 2025.
Durfort family
The Durfort family is an extant old French noble family, distinguished in French and English history. It originated as feudal lords of Durfort, Tarn, a village of south-western France. Today they still hold the title of Duke of Lorges. The current duke is Guy de Durfort-Civrac (born 1960).

Lords, counts and dukes of Lorges
The land of Lorges, located in Lorges (Loir-et-Cher) in the Canton of La Beauce, was, under the Ancien régime, a seigneury then a county and a duchy, having belonged to the Montgomery family then to the House of Durfort.
Baška tablet
Baška tablet (Croatian: Bašćanska ploča, pronounced [bâʃt͡ɕanskaː plɔ̂t͡ʃa]) is one of the first monuments containing an inscription in the Croatian recension of the Church Slavonic language, dating from c. 1100 AD. On it the Croatian ethnonym and King Demetrius Zvonimir are mentioned for the first time in its native form. The inscription is written in the Glagolitic script. It was discovered in 1851 at Church of St. Lucy in Jurandvor near the village of Baška on the Croatian island of Krk.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
Navarino Island
Navarino Island (Spanish: Isla Navarino) is a large Chilean island, with an area of 2,514 km2 (971 sq mi) and a coastline of 510 km (320 mi). It is located between Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, to the north, and Cape Horn, to the south. The island forms part of the Commune of Cabo de Hornos, the southernmost commune in Chile and in the world, belonging to Antártica Chilena Province in the XII Region of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica. Its population is concentrated primarily in the communal capital, Puerto Williams, and in small settlements like Puerto Navarino, Río Guanaco and Puerto Toro. The highest point of the island is Pico Navarino at 1,195 m (3,921 ft). The island is a popular destination for fly-fishers.

Puerto Navarino
Puerto Navarino is a Chilean port on the Beagle Channel in western Navarino Island opposite Ushuaia in Argentina. Puerto Navarino is part of Cabo de Hornos commune. It is 54km west of Puerto Williams along a gravel road. It is one of the most southerly populated places in Chile.
Ons' Lieve Heer op Solder
Ons' Lieve Heer op Solder (OLHOS; English: Our Lord in the Attic) is a 17th-century canal house, house church, and museum in the city center of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The Catholic church was built on the top three floors of the canal house during the 1660s. It is an important example of a "schuilkerk", or "clandestine church" in which Catholics and other religious dissenters from the seventeenth-century Dutch Reformed Church, unable to worship in public, held services. The church has been open as a museum since 28 April 1888, and has 85,000 visitors annually.

Clandestine church
A clandestine church (Dutch: schuilkerk), defined by historian Benjamin J. Kaplan as a "semi-clandestine church", is a house of worship used by religious minorities whose communal worship is tolerated by those of the majority faith on condition that it is discreet and not conducted in public spaces. Schuilkerken are commonly built inside houses or other buildings, and do not show a public façade to the street.  They were an important advance in religious tolerance in the wake of the Reformation, an era when worship services conducted by minority faiths were often banned and sometimes penalized by exile or execution.
Georgia State Route 37
State Route 37 (SR 37) is a 153.6-mile-long (247.2 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Clay, Calhoun, Baker, Mitchell, Colquitt, Cook, Berrien, Lanier, and Clinch counties in the southwestern and south-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Alabama state line west of Fort Gaines to the Homerville area, via Newton, Camilla, Moultrie, Adel, and Lakeland. The highway actually serves as the eastern terminus of a long multi-state route that starts in Mississippi and goes through Alabama.

Berrien County, Georgia
Berrien County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,160. The county seat is Nashville. The county was created February 25, 1856, out of portions of Coffee, Irwin and Lowndes counties by an act of the Georgia General Assembly. It is named after Georgia senator John M. Berrien.
George Steward
Lieutenant Colonel Sir George Charles Thomas Steward, KBE, CMG (18 March 1865 – 11 May 1920) was a senior Australian public servant and officer in the Australian Army. He held several notable positions during his career, including Official Secretary to five Governors-General, being the first to hold that title, and Chief Commissioner of the Victoria Police from 1919 until his death in 1920. During his time as Official Secretary, Steward founded the Australian branch of the Imperial Counter Espionage Bureau, later known as the Special Intelligence Bureau (SIB). This was Australia's first secret intelligence service.

Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia
The official secretary to the governor-general of Australia and staff provide support to the governor-general of Australia to enable the governor-general to carry out their constitutional, statutory, ceremonial and public duties. Until 1903, a private secretary provided the support to the governor-general, when the official secretary position was established. The position was abolished in 1928 after the Parliament moved from Melbourne to Canberra, but was recreated in 1931. The position was established by statute in its current form in 1984. Since 1 July 2024, the official secretary has been Gerard Martin.
Mitsubishi Ki-18
The Mitsubishi Ki-18 (三菱 キ18, Ki-jyuhachi) was an unsuccessful and unsolicited attempt by Mitsubishi to meet a 1934 requirement issued by the Japanese Army for a modern single-seat monoplane fighter suitable to the needs of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force. During this competition, Nakajima entered the Nakajima Ki-11 (which was somewhat similar to the Boeing P-26 Peashooter), and Kawasaki entered the more maneuverable Kawasaki Ki-10 biplane. The competition was won by Kawasaki, but the new fighter was not accepted by the IJAAF with much enthusiasm.

Mitsubishi A5M
The Mitsubishi A5M, formal Japanese Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Carrier-based Fighter (九六式艦上戦闘機), experimental Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Experimental 9-Shi Carrier Fighter, company designation Mitsubishi Ka-14, was a WWII-era Japanese carrier-based fighter aircraft. The Type number is from the last two digits of the Japanese imperial year 2596 (1936) when it entered service with the Imperial Navy.

It was the world's first low-wing monoplane shipboard fighter to enter service and the predecessor of the famous Mitsubishi A6M "Zero". The Allied reporting name was Claude.