hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sweden and the Winter War
The Winter War was fought in the four months following the Soviet Union's invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939. This took place three months after the German invasion of Poland that triggered the start of World War II in Europe. Sweden did not become actively involved in the conflict, but did indirectly support Finland. The Swedish Volunteer Corps provided 9,640 officers and men. The Swedish Voluntary Air Force also provided 25 aircraft that destroyed twelve Soviet aircraft while only losing six planes with only two to actual enemy action and four to accidents.  Sweden also provided a portion of the weapons and equipment used by the Finns throughout the war.

Swedish Volunteer Corps
The Swedish Volunteer Corps (Swedish: Svenska frivilligkåren) during the Winter War numbered 9,640 officers and men. Sweden was officially non-belligerent during the war, so the Corps was used by Finland. The Swedish volunteers were in the front lines in the northern Salla area starting from February 28, 1940. Their losses included 33 dead, 10 missing, 50 wounded, and 130 disabled by frostbite. There were also 25 aircraft that served in the Swedish Voluntary Air Force, F19. Swedish volunteers also defended Turku in an anti-aircraft battery.

By the end of the war, the Volunteer Corps was composed of 8,260 Swedes, plus 725 Norwegians, and 600 Danes. They demonstrated a strong Nordic unity that was symbolized in their "four brother hands" insignia which represented Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.

The Volunteer Corps preceded the Swedish Volunteer Battalion and the Swedish Volunteer Company in World War II.
Dracula Has Risen from the Grave
Dracula Has Risen from the Grave is a 1968 British supernatural horror film directed by Freddie Francis and produced by Hammer Film Productions. It is the fourth entry in Hammer's Dracula series, and the third to feature Christopher Lee as Count Dracula. The film stars Rupert Davies as Monsignor Ernest Mueller, a clergyman who exorcises Dracula's castle, and in doing so, unwittingly resurrects the Count from the dead.

Dracula Has Risen from the Grave also stars Veronica Carlson, Barry Andrews, Barbara Ewing, Ewan Hooper and Michael Ripper. It was followed by Taste the Blood of Dracula in 1970.

Dracula (Hammer film series)
Dracula is a British horror film series produced by Hammer Film Productions. The films are centered on Count Dracula, bringing with him a plague of vampirism, and the ensuing efforts of the heroic Van Helsing family to stop him. The original series of films consists of nine installments, which star iconic horror actors Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing as Count Dracula and Doctor Van Helsing, respectively. The series is part of the larger Hammer horror oeuvre.
Soga Sukenobu
Soga Sukenobu (曾我 祐信) was a Japanese samurai lord and gokenin of the late Heian and early Kamakura period. He was the lord of Soga Manor in Sagami Province. He was the adoptive father of Soga Tokimune and Sukenari, known for the Revenge of the Soga Brothers incident. He was also known as Soga Tarō.

Soga Tokimune
Soga Tokimune (Japanese: 曾我時致, 1174 - June 29, 1193) was a Japanese samurai in the late Heian and early Kamakura periods. He and his brother Soga Sukenari are known for being the perpetrators of the Revenge of the Soga Brothers incident. He is a central character in noh and kabuki Sogamono plays, which are based on the revenge. He is also known as Soga Gorō.
Eastern section of the Western Beskids
Eastern section of the Western Beskids (Czech: Východní část Západních Beskyd) are a set of mountain ranges spanning the southern Polish and northern Slovak border. They constitute an eastern section of the Western Beskids, within the Outer Western Carpathians.

In geographic classification, the term Beskid Mountains has several definitions, related to distinctive historical and linguistic traditions. Depending on a particular classification, designation Eastern in relation to the Beskids is also used with different meanings. In Slovak terminology, the term Eastern Beskids (Slovak: Východné Beskydy) is used to designate the eastern section of the Western Beskids. In Polish terminology, the same region is also classified as the eastern section of the Western Beskids, but not under the term Eastern Beskids (Polish: Beskidy Wschodnie), since that term is used to designate Eastern Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
Police Battalion 322
The Police Battalion 322 (Polizeibattalion 322) was a formation of the German Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the SS and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the Army Group Centre Rear Area, of the Soviet Union, as part of Police Regiment Centre.

Alongside detachments from the Einsatzgruppen and the SS Cavalry Brigade, it perpetrated mass murder during the Holocaust and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations. In mid-1942, the battalion was reassigned to the 5th Police Regiment and operated in German-occupied territories of Slovenia.

Police Regiment Centre
The Police Regiment Centre (Polizei-Regiment Mitte) was a formation of the Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the Schutzstaffel (SS) and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the Army Group Centre Rear Area, of the Soviet Union. In mid-1942, its three constituent battalions were reassigned and the unit was re-designated as the 13th Police Regiment.

Alongside detachments from the Einsatzgruppen and the SS Cavalry Brigade, it perpetrated mass murders and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations in the course of Nazi security warfare. The scope of the regiment's operations had been known to British intelligence since July 1941, but, for reasons of national security, information pertaining to their activities was not released until 1993.
Marcel Lanfranchi
Marcel Lanfranchi (11 January 1921 – 10 September 2013) was a French footballer who played as a forward. He was part of France Football squad for the 1948 Summer Olympics alongside his brother Jean Lanfranchi.

Jean Lanfranchi
Jean Lanfranchi (20 March 1923 – 5 December 2017) was a French footballer who played as a forward. He was part of France Football squad for the 1948 Summer Olympics alongside his brother Marcel Lanfranchi.
New Hampshire Route 4
New Hampshire Route 4 (NH 4) is a 3.78-mile (6.08 km) state highway located in eastern Strafford County, New Hampshire. Its western terminus is at an intersection with New Hampshire Route 9 and New Hampshire Route 108 in Dover.  Its northern terminus is at the Maine state border in Rollinsford, where it continues as Maine State Route 4.

For most of its length NH 4 is signed as an east–west highway.  Signage in downtown Dover while overlapped with NH 9 and NH 108 is inconsistent as it is sometimes signed north–south.  In general, NH 4 follows a southwest-to-northeast alignment.

NH 4 is not related to U.S. Route 4, which also enters the Dover city limits.  They are the only non-linked highways to share a number in New Hampshire and remain under NHDOT maintenance. (Maine State Route 113 does cross into New Hampshire near NH 113, but remains completely under MaineDOT maintenance.)

New Hampshire Route 9
New Hampshire Route 9 (abbreviated NH 9 and also known as the Franklin Pierce Highway) is a 109.910-mile-long (176.883 km) state highway located in southern New Hampshire. It runs across the state from west to east and is a multi-state route with Vermont and Maine, part of 1920s-era New England Interstate Route 9.

The western terminus of NH 9 is at the Vermont state line in Chesterfield, where it connects to Vermont Route 9. Its eastern terminus is at the Maine state line in Somersworth, where it connects to Maine State Route 9.

Two large sections of NH 9, totaling 44.438 miles (71.516 km), are cosigned with U.S. Route 202.  By combined mileage of the two sections, US 202 and NH 9 share the longest concurrency in New Hampshire.
Erosion (morphology)
Erosion (usually represented by ⊖) is one of two fundamental operations (the other being dilation) in morphological image processing from which all other morphological operations are based. It was originally defined for binary images, later being extended to grayscale images, and subsequently to complete lattices. The erosion operation usually uses a structuring element for probing and reducing the shapes contained in the input image.

Mathematical morphology
Mathematical morphology (MM) is a theory and technique for the analysis and processing of geometrical structures, based on set theory, lattice theory, topology, and random functions. MM is most commonly applied to digital images, but it can be employed as well on graphs, surface meshes, solids, and many other spatial structures.

Topological and geometrical continuous-space concepts such as size, shape, convexity, connectivity, and geodesic distance, were introduced by MM on both continuous and discrete spaces. MM is also the foundation of morphological image processing, which consists of a set of operators that transform images according to the above characterizations.

The basic morphological operators are erosion, dilation, opening and closing.

MM was originally developed for binary images, and was later extended to grayscale functions and images. The subsequent generalization to complete lattices is widely accepted today as MM's theoretical foundation.
Hong Kah Group Representation Constituency
1°20′33″N 103°41′30″E﻿ / ﻿1.3425866°N 103.6916102°E﻿ / 1.3425866; 103.6916102

Hong Kah Group Representation Constituency was a defunct 
five-member Group Representation Constituency located in the western area of Singapore. The constituency covered the areas of Bukit Batok, Choa Chu Kang, Upper Bukit Timah, Jurong West and Lim Chu Kang. Hong Kah GRC was formed in 1988 and eventually dissolved and reformed into Chua Chu Kang GRC in 2011. It had always been held by the People's Action Party.

It was divided into five sub-areas namely, Bukit Gombak, Hong Kah, Keat Hong, Nanyang and Yew Tee. In 2001, Bukit Gombak SMC was absorbed into the GRC with the town council being Hong Kah Town Council.

It was one of the largest constituencies in terms of land area, spanning most of the north-western region of Singapore and the coastline of the Straits of Johor.

Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency
1°21′25″N 103°45′10″E﻿ / ﻿1.3570551°N 103.7529097°E﻿ / 1.3570551; 103.7529097

The Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency is a four-member group representation constituency (GRC) located in western Singapore. It has four divisions: Brickland–Tengah, Chua Chu Kang, Keat Hong and Tengah, managed by Chua Chu Kang Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency are Choo Pei Ling, Jeffrey Siow , Tan See Leng and Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim from the governing People's Action Party (PAP).
2026 Osaka gubernatorial election
The 2026 Osaka gubernatorial election was held on 8 February 2026 to elect the governor of Osaka Prefecture. It was held alongside the Osaka mayoral election and Japanese general election. It was triggered by the resignation of Governor Hirofumi Yoshimura, who sought re-election as a mandate for a third referendum on the Osaka Metropolis Plan.

2026 Osaka mayoral election
The 2026 Osaka mayoral election was held on 8 February 2026 to elect the mayor of Osaka, alongside the Osaka gubernatorial election and Japanese general election. It was triggered by the resignation of Mayor Hideyuki Yokoyama, who sought re-election as a mandate for a third referendum on the Osaka Metropolis Plan.
Kong Xun
Kong Xun (Chinese: 孔循) (884-April 4, 931), known early in his life as Zhao Yinheng (趙殷衡), also having used surnames of Li (李) and Zhu (朱) early in life, was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period states Later Liang and Later Tang.  He became prominent during the reign of Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang due to his alliance with Emperor Mingzong's trusted advisor An Chonghui, but later had a fallout with An, was ejected from the central government, and would not return to it toward the end of his life.

Li Siyuan
Li Siyuan (李嗣源, later changed to Li Dan (李亶)) (10 October 867 – 15 December 933), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang (後唐明宗), was the second emperor of the Later Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 926 until his death. He was an ethnic Shatuo originally named, in the Shatuo language, Miaojilie (邈佶烈).

Adopted by the ethnic Shatuo ruler Li Keyong of the Former Jin dynasty, Li Siyuan became a trusted general under both Li Keyong and Li Keyong's successor Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong), the Later Tang founder. In 926 he seized power by a coup d'état when a mutiny called the Xingjiao Gate Incident killed Li Cunxu, and ruled with both discipline and compassion for the next seven years. Despite an abundance of natural disasters, his reign was markedly more peaceful than the half-century preceding it.
Oriental Basin pocket gopher
The Oriental Basin pocket gopher (Cratogeomys fulvescens) is a species of pocket gopher which is endemic to Mexico. It was first described in 1895 by Clinton Hart Merriam. It was considered to be a subspecies of Merriam's pocket gopher (Cratogeomys merriami) in the late 20th and early 21st century but has been reinstated as its own species. The IUCN Red List has evaluated it to be of least concern.

Merriam's pocket gopher
Merriam's pocket gopher (Cratogeomys merriami) is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is endemic to Mexico, where it is found in the area of the Valley of Mexico and the Valley of Toluca at elevations from 1800 to 4000 m. Its favored habitats are the Zacatonal grassland and temperate pine-oak woodlands, as well as farmland and rangeland. Its karyotype has 2n = 36 and FN = 68.

Until 2005, what are now considered the separate species C. fulvescens and C. perotensis were included within this taxon. They were split off due to clear molecular, chromosomal and morphological differences. All three species are part of the C. castanops species group.

The species is named after American mammalogist Clinton Hart Merriam.

Although its distribution is patchy, it is not thought to be threatened.
Diocese of Trenton
The Diocese of Trenton is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in central New Jersey in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Newark.

The mother church of the Diocese of Trenton is the Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption in Trenton with the Co-Cathedral of St. Robert Bellarmine in Freehold. Since 2010, the bishop of Trenton has been David M. O'Connell.

Archdiocese of Newark
The Archdiocese of Newark (Latin: Archidiœcesis Novarcensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in northeastern New Jersey in the United States.

The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Newark. Cardinal Joseph Tobin has been the archbishop of Newark since 2017.
Fleet Requirements Unit
The Airwork Fleet Requirements Unit (FRU) was a civilian-operated unit of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm managed by Airwork Limited. It was established on the 1 September 1952, at Hurn Airport, operating for 20 years before merging with another unit to become the Fleet Requirements and Air Direction Training Unit (FRADTU), on the 1 December 1972.

Fleet Requirements and Air Direction Unit
The Fleet Requirements and Air Direction Unit (FRADU) was a unit of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm operated by the contractor Serco Defence and Aerospace. It was established in 1972. It was most recently equipped with 13 BAE Systems Hawk T1 advanced jet trainer aircraft on lease to the Royal Navy from the Royal Air Force, based at RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall.  Two of these aircraft were permanently detached to Naval Flying Standards Flight (fixed wing) at RNAS Yeovilton where they are flown by RN pilots, but maintained by Serco engineers.

FRADU provided training for the Royal Navy by conducting simulated attacks on Royal Navy ships during Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), Airborne Early Warning (AEW) exercises, training air controllers and Helicopter Fighter Affiliation training.

In June 2013, FRADU was redesignated 736 Naval Air Squadron.
Janbazar Raj
The Janbazar Raj or the Marh family, (Bengali: মাড় পরিবার) has been one of the leading families of Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and is regarded as one of the key influencers during the Bengali Renaissance.  Their meteoric rise from humble beginnings to Royal glory stands as a testament to merchantile brilliance and a fight against orthodoxy. The most prominent figures of this family include Babu Preetoram Marh, one of the leading merchants of 18th-century Calcutta, his son Rajchandra Das, one of the most influential Zamindars of Bengal, their son-in-law Mathurmohan Biswas and finally Rani Rashmoni, herself.

The family contributed largely to the development in education, infrastructure and culture of Calcutta and Bengal. They were especially famous for their generosity and public spirit. They also offered considerable charity to the Imperial Library (now the National Library of India), and the Hindu College (now Presidency University).

Preetoram Marh
Babu Preetoram Marh (also spelt Pritaram Marh or written as Pritaram Das or Pirit Ram Marh) (b. 1753 – d. 1817) was a Bengali businessman, merchant, Zamindar. He was a leading name in the Indo-British trade and one of the largest landlords of the Bengal Presidency. He is also credited with the foundation of Janbazar Raj, one of the foremost Zamindar families of Bengal.
Pennsylvania Route 150
Pennsylvania Route 150 (PA 150) is a 41.1-mile-long (66.1 km) highway in Central Pennsylvania. Its southern terminus is at PA 26 in Dale Summit, Pennsylvania near State College, at the location of the Nittany Mall. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 220 (US 220) in Avis.

Since the construction of Interstate 99 (I-99) in the area north of State College, the major use of the southernmost portion of PA 150 is to connect traffic from the expressway to downtown State College and Pennsylvania State University (via a section of PA 26).

The names of this road include Benner Pike, Main Street, Willowbank Street, Water Street, Bald Eagle Valley Road, High Street, Bellefonte Avenue, Church Street, and Woodward Avenue. The route is also concurrent with PA 144 between Bellefonte and Milesburg, in addition to PA 550 briefly in Bellefonte.

The route was signed in 1928 and in 1930, the route was paved from Hublersburg to Howard.

Pennsylvania Route 144
Pennsylvania Route 144 (PA 144) is a state highway located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, covering a distance of about 109 miles (175 km). The southern terminus is located near an interchange with U.S. Route 322 (US 322) at State Route 2015 (SR 2015, Old Route 322) in Potter Township while the northern terminus is located at US 6 in Galeton. Between Snow Shoe and Renovo, PA 144 is known as the High Plateau Scenic Byway, a Pennsylvania Scenic Byway.
James Hope (Ireland)
James "Jemmy" Hope (25 August 1764 – 10 February 1847) was a radical democrat in Ireland who organised among labourers, tradesmen and tenant farmers for the Society of the United Irishmen. In the Rebellion of 1798 he fought alongside Henry Joy McCracken at the Battle of Antrim. In 1803 he attempted to renew the insurrection against the British Crown in an uprising coordinated by Robert Emmett and the new republican directorate in Dublin. Among United Irishmen, Hope was distinguished by his conviction that "the fundamental question at issue between the rulers and the people" was "the condition of the labouring class".

Robert Emmet
Robert Emmet (4 March 1778 – 20 September 1803) was an Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader. Following the suppression of the United Irish uprising in 1798, he sought to organise a renewed attempt in Ireland to overthrow the British Crown and Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland, and to break the recently enforced union with Great Britain. Emmet entertained, but ultimately abandoned, hopes of immediate French assistance and of coordination with radical militants in Great Britain. In Ireland, many of the surviving veterans of '98 hesitated to lend their support, and his rising in Dublin in 1803 proved abortive.

Emmet’s Proclamation of the Provisional Government to the People of Ireland, his Speech from the Dock, and his "sacrificial" end on the gallows inspired later generations of Irish republicans. His memory was invoked by Patrick Pearse who in 1916 was again to proclaim a provisional government in Dublin.
CSR Corporation Limited
CSR Corporation Limited (CSR), formerly known as China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corp was a Chinese manufacturer of locomotive and rolling stock.

In 2015, the company merged with China CNR to form CRRC.

China CNR
China CNR Corporation Limited (CNR) was a primary manufacturer of locomotives and rolling stock for the Chinese market. The company has also exported to over 80 countries and regions, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, France, Hong Kong, New Zealand. Saudi Arabia, Taiwan and Turkey.

In 2015, the company merged with CSR to form CRRC.
Diocese of Saint Petersburg
The Diocese of Saint Petersburg (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Petri in Florida) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the Tampa Bay region of Gulf Coast Florida.

The Diocese of Saint Petersburg is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Miami. Its mother church is St. Jude the Apostle Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Florida. As of 2016, the current bishop is Gregory Parkes.

Archdiocese of Miami
The Archdiocese of Miami (Latin: Archidioecesis Miamiensis, Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Miami, Haitian Creole: Achidyosèz Miami) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in South Florida in the United States. Formed in 1958, it is the metropolitan see for the Ecclesiastical Province of Miami, which covers all of Florida. The Archdiocese of Miami contains the Florida counties Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe. The Cathedral of Saint Mary is the mother church of the archdiocese. The archbishop is Thomas Wenski.
Centrepoint (Dubai Metro)
Centrepoint (Arabic: سنتربوينت; formerly Rashidiya) is a rapid transit station serving the Red Line of the Dubai Metro in Dubai, UAE.

The eastern terminus of the line, it is one of four metro stations with a park and ride lot, the others being E&, National Paints and Jumeirah Golf Estates.

National Paints (Dubai Metro)
National Paints (Arabic: دهانات ناشونال; formerly Nakheel Harbour & Tower and Jabal Ali) is a rapid transit station on the Red Line of the Dubai Metro in Dubai, UAE.

The station is one of three stations on the system with a dedicated park and ride lot, the others being Centrepoint and etisalat by e&.

Until May 2020, the station was named Nakheel Harbour & Tower. The station was closed and became a ghost station as it was being reconstructed to allow the platform and track layout to accommodate the Route 2020 extension. The station reopened on January 1, 2021.