hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Detectable tape
Detectable tape or Underground warning tape is a conductive tape typically applied over buried utilities made of non-conductive materials such as plastic, fiberglass, or cement.  It is used because most utility location methods work best on conductive objects, and hence may easily miss structures made of non-conductive materials.

The tape also serves as a physical warning.  If uncovered during digging, it alerts the user to an underground object that might be damaged by further excavation.  To aid in this, it is typically colored to reflect the nature of the buried object that it is protecting.

It is common for construction specifications to mandate the use of such tape.

The conductive material in detectable tapes is typically aluminium, but there have been studies investigating replacing this with a material which is both magnetic and conductive, to make it detectable to a wider variety of utility location techniques.

Utility location
Utility locating is the process of identifying and labeling public utility mains that are underground. These mains may include lines for telecommunication, electricity distribution, natural gas, cable television, fiber optics, traffic lights, street lights, storm drains, water mains, and wastewater pipes. In some locations, major oil and gas pipelines, national defense communication lines, mass transit, rail, and road tunnels also compete for space underground.
Orton Chirwa
Orton Chirwa (30 January 1919 – 20 October 1992) was a lawyer and political leader in colonial Nyasaland and after independence became Malawi's Minister of Justice and Attorney General. After a dispute with Malawi's autocratic President Hastings Kamuzu Banda, he and his wife Vera were exiled.  After being kidnapped abroad they were tried in Malawi on charges of treason and sentenced to death. Amnesty International named the couple prisoners of conscience. After spending nearly eleven years on death row in Malawi, Orton Chirwa died in prison on 20 October 1992.

Vera Chirwa
Vera Mlangazua Chirwa (born 26 May 1932) is a Malawi-born lawyer and human and civil rights activist. She was Malawi's first woman lawyer and a founding member of the Malawi Congress Party and the Nyasaland African Women's League. She fought for multiparty democratic rule in Malawi and was charged with treason, tried and sentenced to death by President Kamuzu Banda. She spent 12 years on death row. She was married to lawyer Orton Chirwa, Malawian Minister of Justice and Attorney General, who later died in prison.
Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn).

The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of Lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.

Vigil (liturgy)
In Christian liturgy, a vigil is, in origin, a religious service held during the night leading to a Sunday or other feastday. The Latin term vigilia, from which the word is derived meant a watch night, not necessarily in a military context, and generally reckoned as a fourth part of the night from sunset to sunrise. The four watches or vigils were of varying length in line with the seasonal variation of the length of the night.
Cray
Cray Inc., a subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, is an American supercomputer manufacturer headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It also manufactures systems for data storage and analytics. As of June 2025, Cray supercomputer systems held the top three spots in the TOP500, which ranks the most powerful supercomputers in the world.

In 1972, the company was founded by computer designer Seymour Cray as Cray Research, Inc., and it continues to manufacture parts in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, where Cray was born and raised. After being acquired by Silicon Graphics in 1996, the modern company was formed after being purchased in 2000 by Tera Computer Company, which adopted the name Cray Inc. In 2019, the company was acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise for $1.3 billion.

Seymour Cray
Seymour Roger Cray (September 28, 1925 – October 5, 1996) was an American electrical engineer, computer scientist, mathematician, and supercomputer architect who designed a series of computers that were the fastest in the world for decades, and founded Cray Research, which built many of these machines. Called "the father of supercomputing", Cray has been credited with creating the supercomputer industry. Joel S. Birnbaum, then chief technology officer of Hewlett-Packard, said of him: "It seems impossible to exaggerate the effect he had on the industry; many of the things that high performance computers now do routinely were at the farthest edge of credibility when Seymour envisioned them." Larry Smarr, then director of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois said that Cray is "the Thomas Edison of the supercomputing industry."
MSG Metro Channels
MSG Metro Channels was a series of local-minded New York City cable networks which launched on August 5, 1998, and closed in late 2005. Owned by Rainbow Media, the Metro networks were founded as a spinoff of the MSG sports network. The network was originally split into three separate channels, MSG MetroGuide, MSG MetroTraffic & Weather, and MSG MetroLearning Center. The tri-channel network was termed as "What to do, what to know, and how to get there" among similar billings and was an attempt by Rainbow Media to compete with newspapers and the internet for detailed coverage. Rainbow sought carriage in the mid- to high-teen numbers for the channels, so as to highlight that they "[fit] together like sections of a Sunday newspaper".

MSG Network
The MSG Network (MSG) is an American regional cable and satellite television network, and radio service owned by Sphere Entertainment -- a spin-off of the main Madison Square Garden Company operation (itself a spin-off of local cable provider Cablevision).

Primarily serving the Mid-Atlantic United States, its programming focuses on events featuring and other programs about New York City sports teams, including live game broadcasts of the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, the New York Rangers, New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League and Gotham FC of the National Women's Soccer League. The channel is named after the Madison Square Garden sports and entertainment venue in Midtown Manhattan, home of the Knicks and Rangers.
Punar Vivaah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara
Punar Vivah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara (transl.  Remarriage Will Give You Life – Again) is an Indian soap opera that aired on Zee TV from 20 February 2012—replacing Bhagonwali-Baante Apni Taqdeer—till 17 May 2013. The show was set in the city of Bhopal and revolved around lead characters Yash and Aarti. The first season concluded on 17 May 2013 and a second season titled Punar Vivah – Ek Nayi Umeed with new lead characters and a new storyline, replaced it from 20 May 2013.

Punar Vivah – Ek Nayi Umeed
Punar Vivah - Ek Nayi Umeed (International Title: Married Again-a new hope) is an Indian Hindi-language soap opera that aired on Zee TV. It replaced Punar Vivaah and premiered on 20 May 2013 airing on weekdays. It went off air on 29 November 2013.
Paul Slater
Paul John Slater (born 22 March 1958) is a retired Anglican bishop. From 2015 until January 2022, he served as the Bishop of Kirkstall, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Leeds. He was previously the Archdeacon of Craven from 2005 to April 2014, Archdeacon of Richmond and Craven from April 2014 to July 2015, and the Bishop of Richmond from 2015 until his title (but not his role) changed to Bishop of Kirkstall in 2018.

Bishop of Kirkstall
The Bishop of Kirkstall is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Anglican Diocese of Leeds, in the Province of York, England. It is the suffragan see serving the episcopal area of Leeds, and takes its name from the Leeds suburb of Kirkstall, site of medieval Kirkstall Abbey.
Neutrinoless double beta decay
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is a commonly proposed and experimentally pursued theoretical radioactive decay process that would prove a Majorana nature of the neutrino particle. To this day, it has not been found.

The discovery of neutrinoless double beta decay could shed light on the absolute neutrino masses and on their mass hierarchy (Neutrino mass). It would mean the first ever signal of the violation of total lepton number conservation. A Majorana nature of neutrinos would confirm that the neutrino is its own antiparticle.

To search for neutrinoless double beta decay, there are currently a number of experiments underway, with several future experiments for increased sensitivity proposed as well.

Double beta decay
In nuclear physics, double beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which two neutrons are simultaneously transformed into two protons, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus. As in single beta decay, this process allows the atom to move closer to the optimal ratio of protons and neutrons. As a result of this transformation, the nucleus emits two detectable beta particles, which are electrons or positrons.

The literature distinguishes between two types of double beta decay: ordinary double beta decay and neutrinoless double beta decay. In ordinary double beta decay, which has been observed in several isotopes, two electrons and two electron antineutrinos are emitted from the decaying nucleus. In neutrinoless double beta decay, a hypothesized process that has never been observed, only electrons would be emitted.
Kerry Group
Kerry Group plc is a public food company headquartered in Ireland. It is quoted on the Dublin ISEQ and London stock exchanges.

Given the company's origins in the co-operative movement, farmer-suppliers of the company retain a significant interest in the company.

Kerry Co-operative Creameries
Kerry Co-Operative Creameries is an Irish agricultural co-operative society whose primary activity as of 2022 is the holding of investments on behalf of its farmer-members, with its largest investment being a 11.3% holding in Kerry Group, a publicly traded company which was originally founded by the co-operative but now has a diverse shareholder base.
Tennessee State Route 156
State Route 156 (SR 156) is a spur route of Tennessee State Route 56 (SR 56) and a state highway in Franklin and Marion counties in the southern central and southeastern portions of Tennessee, United States. It traverses the southern Cumberland Plateau before descending into the Sequatchie Valley, where follows the shores of Nickajack Lake for its final few miles.

Tennessee State Route 56
State Route 56 (SR 56) is a 160.6-mile-long (258.5 km) state highway that runs south to north in Middle Tennessee, from the Alabama state line near Sherwood to the Kentucky state line near Red Boiling Springs.

SR 56 is secondary south of Sewanee. It is primary (but unsigned) along US 41A and US 41 between Sewanee and Tracy City. From Tracy City to the Kentucky line, SR 56 is a signed primary route (including at both ends of its concurrency with Interstate 40), except west from North Springs to Willette, where SR 151 carries primary traffic more directly to Red Boiling Springs.
Ministry of Public Education (Italy)
The Ministry of Education and Merit (Italian: Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito, or MIM) is the government body of Italy devoted to the administration of the national education system.

It was active in three separate periods (1861–1929; 1944–2001; 2006–2008), before being merged with the Ministry of Universities and Research to create the Ministry of Education, University and Research.

The two ministries were re-instated in January 2020.

Ministry of Education, University and Research
The Ministry of Education and Merit (in Italian: Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito or MIM) is the ministry of the Italian government for the national education system, the Italian universities and research agencies. The current Italian Minister of Public Education is Giuseppe Valditara and the Italian Minister of University and Research is Anna Maria Bernini.
Sidney Montagu, 11th Duke of Manchester
Sidney Arthur Robin George Drogo "Kim" Montagu, 11th Duke of Manchester (5 February 1929 – 3 June 1985) was a British hereditary peer, the son of the 10th Duke of Manchester and the elder brother of the 12th Duke.

Alexander Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester
Commander Alexander George Francis Drogo Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester, OBE, RN (2 October 1902 – 23 November 1977) was a Royal Navy officer and British hereditary peer. From birth until February 1947, he was known by the courtesy title of Viscount Mandeville.
Jurong West
Jurong West is a planning area and residential town located in the West Region of Singapore. It shares boundaries with Tengah in the north, Jurong East in the east, Boon Lay and Pioneer in the south, and Western Water Catchment in the west.

Originally a forested area, Jurong West underwent rapid development by the Housing and Development Board (HDB), in an effort to transform it into a fully mature housing estate.

Jurong East
Jurong East is the regional centre of the West Region of Singapore. It borders Jurong West and Boon Lay to the west, Clementi to the east, Tengah and Bukit Batok to the north and Selat Jurong to the south.

First developed in the 1970s, it is located approximately 20 km (12 miles) west of the city-centre. Jurong East is the 7th most populated planning area in the West Region. Jurong East, along with the entire Jurong area in general, is envisioned to be the country's second central business district (CBD) as part of the Jurong Lake District project.
2020 Gold Coast City Council election
The 2020 Gold Coast City Council election was held on 28 March 2020 to elect a mayor and 14 councillors to the City of Gold Coast. The election was held as part of the statewide local elections in Queensland, Australia.

Incumbent mayor Tom Tate was re-elected with more than 66% of the vote after preference distribution. The Queensland Greens, Civil Liberties & Motorists Party and Animal Justice Party formally endorsed candidates, while Labor and the LNP did not (although several members contested as independents).

2020 Queensland local elections
The 2020 Queensland local elections were held on 28 March 2020 to elect the mayors and councils of the 77 local government areas in Queensland, Australia.

The elections were held in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and on the same day as the state by-elections in Bundamba and Currumbin.
Radicchio
Radicchio is a perennial cultivated form of leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae), commonly used in Italian cuisine. It is grown as a leaf vegetable and usually has colourful, white-veined red leaves that form a head. Radicchio has a bitter and spicy taste that mellows if it is grilled or roasted.

Chicory
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Native to the Old World, it has been introduced to the Americas and Australia.

Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber. Chicory is also grown as a forage crop for livestock.
Type UC I submarine
The Type UC I coastal submarines were a class of small minelaying U-boats built in Germany during the early part of World War I. They were the first operational minelaying submarines in the world, although the Russian submarine  Krab was laid down earlier. A total of fifteen boats were built. The class is sometimes also referred to as the UC-1 class after SM UC-1, the class leader. Eleven of these U-boats joined the Flanders U-boat flotilla whilst the other four went to the Pola Flotilla.

SM UC-1
SM UC-1 was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat had been ordered by November 1914 and was launched on 26 April 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 5 July 1915 as SM UC-1. Mines laid by UC-1 in her 80 patrols were credited with sinking 41 ships. UC-1 disappeared after 18 July 1917.
ISO/IEC 15504
ISO/IEC 15504 Information technology – Process assessment, also termed Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination (SPICE), is a set of technical standards documents for the computer software development process and related business management functions. It is one of the joint International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, which was developed by the ISO and IEC joint subcommittee, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7.

ISO/IEC 15504 was initially derived from process lifecycle standard ISO/IEC 12207 and from maturity models like Bootstrap, Trillium and the Capability Maturity Model (CMM).

ISO/IEC 15504 has been superseded by ISO/IEC 33001:2015 Information technology – Process assessment – Concepts and terminology as of March, 2015.

ISO/IEC 12207
ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 Systems and software engineering – Software life cycle processes is an international standard for software lifecycle processes. First introduced in 1995, it aims to be a primary standard that defines all the processes required for developing and maintaining software systems, including the outcomes and/or activities of each process.
Henry Pether
Henry Pether (1800–1880) was an English landscape painter famous for his depiction of moonlit scenes of 19th century Britain, Paris, and Venice. His father Abraham and older brother Sebastian Pether also painted moonlit scenes. Together they were known as the "Moonlight Pethers". He was also an inventor of lamps, architectural materials, and tiles.

Abraham Pether
Abraham Pether (8 October 1752 – 13 April 1812) was an English landscape painter, recognised for his skill in depicting moonlit scenes. He was also a talented musician, inventor, mathematician and philosopher.
Avrohom Bornsztain
Avrohom Bornsztain (14 October 1838 – 20 February 1910), also spelled Avraham Borenstein or Bernstein, was a leading posek in late-nineteenth-century Europe and founder and first Rebbe of the Sochatchover Hasidic dynasty. He is known as the Avnei Nezer ("Stones of the Crown") after the title of his posthumously published set of Torah responsa, which is widely acknowledged as a halakhic classic. His only son, Shmuel, author of Shem Mishmuel, succeeded him as Rebbe.

Shmuel Bornsztain (second Sochatchover rebbe)
Shmuel Bornsztain (16 October 1855 – 10 January 1926), Hebrew calendar (4 Cheshvan 5616 – 24 Teves 5686), also spelled Borenstein or Bernstein, was the second Rebbe of the Sochatchov Hasidic dynasty. He was known as the Shem Mishmuel by the title of his nine-volume work of Torah and Hasidic thought. He was a leading Hasidic thinker in early 20th-century Europe and a Rebbe to thousands of Hasidim in the Polish cities of Sochaczew (Sochatchov) and Łódź.
Södermanland Regiment (infantry)
Södermanland Regiment (Swedish: Södermanlands regemente), designation I 10, was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that operated 1634–1942 and 1957–1963. The unit was based in the Strängnäs Garrison in Strängnäs, Södermanland, Sweden. In 1963 the regiment was transferred to the Swedish Armoured Troops under the name of Södermanland Regiment (P 10).

Södermanland Regiment (armoured)
The Södermanland Regiment (Swedish: Södermanlands regemente), designated P 10 or P 3 and P 10/Fo 43, was an armored regiment of the Swedish Army with its roots in the 17th century, and was located in Strängnäs. The regiment was deactivated in 2004 and its assets were funneled into other parts of the military. Its life company was transferred to the Södermanland Group of the Home Guard, making the Södermanland Group the only Home Guard unit with such a company.
Luch 5V
Luch 5V (Russian: Луч-5В meaning ray and sometimes transliterated as Loutch-5V) is a Russian Luch relay satellite which transmits data from the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station, and from other satellites in low Earth orbit. It currently is stationed in the 95° East geosynchronous orbit slot of the Luch network.

Luch (satellite)
The Luch (Russian: Луч; lit. Ray) Satellite Data Relay Network (SDRN), also referred to as Altair and Gelios, is a series of geosynchronous Russian relay satellites, used to transmit live TV images, communications and other telemetry from the Soviet/Russian space station Mir, the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) of the International Space Station and other orbital spacecraft to the Earth, in a manner similar to that of the US Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System.
Opuntia ficus-indica
Opuntia ficus-indica, the Indian fig opuntia, fig opuntia, or prickly pear, is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. O. ficus-indica is the most widespread and most commercially important cactus. It is grown primarily as a fruit crop, and also for the vegetable nopales and other uses. Cacti are good crops for dry areas because they efficiently convert water into biomass. O. ficus-indica is the most widespread of the long-domesticated cactuses. Opuntia species hybridize easily, but the wild origin of O. ficus-indica is likely to have been in central Mexico, where its closest genetic relatives are found.

Nopal
Nopal is a common name in Spanish for Opuntia cacti (commonly referred to in English as prickly pear or tender cactus), as well as for its pads. The name nopal derives from the Nahuatl word nohpalli for the pads of the plant.

Nopal fruits can be eaten raw or cooked, having numerous uses particularly in Mexican cuisine.
Augustus Pugin
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (/ˈpjuːdʒɪn/ PEW-jin; 1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic with French and Swiss origins. He is principally remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style of architecture. Among his best-known work is the interior and clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, the meeting place of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Pugin designed many churches in England, and some in Ireland and Australia. He was the son of Auguste Pugin, and the father of Edward Welby Pugin, Cuthbert Welby Pugin, and Peter Paul Pugin, who continued his architectural and interior design firm as Pugin & Pugin.

E. W. Pugin
Edward Welby Pugin (11 March 1834 – 5 June 1875) was an English architect, the eldest son of architect Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin and Louisa Barton. His father was an architect in the Gothic Revival style, and after his early death in 1852 Edward continued his practice. At the time of his own early death in 1875, Pugin had designed and completed more than one hundred Catholic churches. His brothers Cuthbert and Peter continued the practice as Pugin & Pugin.