hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
M50 Joint Service General Purpose Mask
The M50 series protective mask, officially known as the Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM or JSGPM/M50), is a lightweight, protective mask system consisting of the mask, a mask carrier, and additional accessories. It was adopted by the U.S. military in 2006 and is manufactured by Avon Rubber, the rubber-producing department of Avon Protection. There are two variants, the M50, for ground and shipboard use, and the M51, for ground vehicle use.

The mask was designed to incorporate state-of-the-art technology to protect soldiers from current and anticipated threats from all types of weapons of mass destruction. It is an above-the-neck, chemical-biological (CB) respirator that protects against battlefield concentrations of CB agents, toxins, toxic industrial materials, and radioactive particulate matter.

The M50/51 masks replace the M40 field protective mask and M42, the MCU-2/P series masks, and the M45 of the Land Warrior Program.

M40 field protective mask
The M40 field protective mask was one of various protective masks used by the United States Armed Forces and its allies to protect from field concentrations of chemical and biological agents, along with radiological fallout particles. It is not effective in an oxygen deficient environment or against ammonia.
Gustav Siegfried Eins
Gustav Siegfried Eins (GS1) was a British black propaganda radio station during World War II operated by the Political Warfare Executive (PWE).  It was the brainchild of Sefton Delmer, a former BBC German service announcer recruited by PWE in 1940, and claimed to be an illegal radio station operating within Nazi Germany.  The callsign was based on the German Army phonetic alphabet for the letters GS, but had no meaning.

The programmes were recorded on glass disc at the Wavendon Tower studio then taken to the short wave radio stations at Signal Hill, Gawcott and Potsgrove.

Political Warfare Executive
During World War II, the Political Warfare Executive (PWE) was a British clandestine body created to produce and disseminate both white and black propaganda, with the aim of damaging enemy morale and sustaining the morale of countries occupied or allied with Nazi Germany.
Pennsylvania Route 227
Pennsylvania Route 227 (PA 227) is a 21.3-mile-long (34.3 km) state highway located in Venango and Forest counties in Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 8 in Rouseville.  The eastern terminus is at PA 127 in Harmony Township.

Pennsylvania Route 127
Pennsylvania Route 127 (PA 127) is a 10-mile-long (16 km) state highway located in Forest and Warren counties in Pennsylvania. The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 62 (US 62) in West Hickory. The northern terminus is at US 62 outside of Tidioute.
Security.txt
security.txt is an accepted standard for website security information that allows security researchers to report security vulnerabilities easily. The standard prescribes a text file named security.txt in the well known location, similar in syntax to robots.txt but intended to be machine and human readable, for those wishing to contact a website's owner about security issues. security.txt files have been adopted by Google, GitHub, LinkedIn, and Facebook.

Robots.txt
robots.txt is the filename used for implementing the Robots Exclusion Protocol, a standard used by websites to indicate to visiting web crawlers and other web robots which portions of the website they are allowed to visit.

The standard, developed in 1994, relies on voluntary compliance. Malicious bots can use the file as a directory of which pages to visit, though standards bodies discourage countering this with security through obscurity. Some archival sites ignore robots.txt. The standard was used in the 1990s to mitigate server overload. In the 2020s, websites began denying bots that collect information for generative artificial intelligence.

The "robots.txt" file can be used in conjunction with sitemaps, another robot inclusion standard for websites.
Florida State Road 23
State Road 23 (SR 23), also known as the First Coast Expressway, and in part the Cecil Commerce Center Parkway, is a controlled-access toll road serving as an outer bypass around the southwest quadrant of Jacksonville, Florida. As of 2025, the first and second phases have been built, linking Interstate 10 (I-10) near Whitehouse with US 17 in the Green Cove Springs area.

The ultimate plan is for a 46.5-mile (74.8 km) four-lane controlled-access, electronically-tolled highway between I-10 and I-95. The total investment for the entire highway is estimated at $2 billion. Construction of the final section began in 2024 and is expected to be completed by 2032. It extends from near Green Cove Springs, crosses the St. Johns River, then continues east through fast-growing northern St. Johns County to a point approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of the World Golf Village interchange along I-95.

Interstate 10 in Florida
Interstate 10 (I-10) runs for 362 miles (583 km) in Florida as the easternmost section of an east–west Interstate Highway in the southern United States. It is also the eastern end of one of three coast-to-coast Interstates, along with I-80 and I-90. The highway runs east from the Alabama border, traveling through the Panhandle of Florida, serving the major cities of Pensacola, Tallahassee, Lake City, ending at Jacksonville, and carries the hidden Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) designation of State Road 8 (SR 8).
Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy
Isabella of Portugal (Portuguese: Isabel de Portugal; 21 February 1397 – 17 December 1471) was Duchess of Burgundy from 1430 to 1467 as the third wife of Duke Philip the Good. Their son was Charles the Bold, the last Valois Duke of Burgundy.

Born a Portuguese infanta of the House of Aviz, Isabella was the only surviving daughter of King John I of Portugal and his wife Philippa of Lancaster. She served as the regent of the Burgundian Low Countries during the absence of her spouse in 1432 and in 1441–1443.  Isabella served as her husband's representative in negotiations with England regarding trade relations in 1439 and those with the rebellious cities of Holland in 1444.

Philippa of Lancaster
Philippa of Lancaster (Portuguese: Filipa [fiˈlipɐ]; 31 March 1360 – 19 July 1415) was Queen of Portugal from 1387 until 1415 as the wife of King John I. Born into the royal family of England, her marriage secured the Treaty of Windsor and produced several children who became known as the "Illustrious Generation" in Portugal. She was the only Queen of Portugal of English origin.
Nena von Schlebrügge
Birgitte Caroline "Nena" von Schlebrügge (born January 8, 1941) is a Mexican-born Swedish-German fashion model who achieved prominence in the late 1950s and 1960s and later became a psychotherapist. She began her high-fashion modeling career in London in 1957 and was later signed by the Ford Modeling Agency in New York City in 1958, where she appeared in editorial and runway work for major fashion publications including Vogue and Harper's Bazaar.

She was briefly married to Timothy Leary from 1964 to 1965. After her marriage to Buddhist scholar Robert Thurman in 1967, she became known professionally and socially as Nena Thurman. The actress Uma Thurman is their daughter.

After her modeling career, von Schlebrügge trained in psychotherapy. She later served as Managing Director of Tibet House US. As of 2018, she is the Executive Chairwoman of the Menla Retreat and Health Spa in upstate New York.

Robert Thurman
Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman (born August 3, 1941) is an American Buddhist author and academic who has written, edited, and translated several books on Tibetan Buddhism. He was the Je Tsongkhapa Professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies at Columbia University, before retiring in June 2019. He was the first endowed chair in Buddhist Studies in the West. He also is the co-founder and president of the Tibet House US New York. He translated the Vimalakirti Sutra from the Tibetan Kanjur into English. He is the father of actress Uma Thurman and grandfather of Maya Hawke.
Marjorie Bradford Melville
Margarita Melville (previously Marjorie Bradford Melville) (born August 19, 1929) is a Mexican-born American anti-war activist, and retired university professor and associate dean. Melville's advocacy for Guatemala led her and her husband to join the group known as the Catonsville Nine.

Catonsville Nine
The Catonsville Nine were nine Catholic activists who burned draft files to protest the Vietnam War. On May 17, 1968, they took 378 draft files from the draft board office in Catonsville, Maryland, and burned them in the parking lot.
PrusaSlicer
PrusaSlicer (formerly known as Slic3r Prusa Edition or Slic3r PE) is free and open-source slicer software developed by Prusa Research. It is used to prepare models for 3D printing on both FFF and MSLA (SLA) 3D printers, and can be also used to manage Prusa printers remotely via integrated Prusa Connect and browse the Printables model database.

PrusaSlicer is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 (AGPLv3) and is based on the older open-source project, Slic3r.

Slic3r
Free and open-source software portal

Slic3r is free software 3D slicing engine for 3D printers. It generates G-code from 3D CAD files (STL or OBJ).  Once finished, an appropriate G-code file for the production of the 3D modeled part, or object is sent to the 3D printer for the manufacturing of a physical object. As of 2013, about half of the 3D printers tested by Make Magazine supported Slic3r.

Prusa Research maintains an advanced fork called PrusaSlicer.

SuperSlicer is a further fork of PrusaSlicer.
Snicker's Gap Turnpike
The ‘’‘Snickersville Turnpike’’’ (formerly known as the ‘’‘Snicker’s Gap Turnpike’’’) is a historic road in the northern part of the U.S. state of Virginia. While part of the original route is now maintained as State Route 7, a primary state highway, the section between Aldie and Bluemont (formerly Snickerville) in Loudoun County, via Mountville, Philomont, and Airmont, remains a rural Virginia Byway designated as ‘’‘State Route 734’’’. This stretch includes the approximately 180-year-old ‘’‘Hibbs Bridge’’’ over Beaverdam Creek (a tributary of Goose Creek). The turnpike is notable for having replaced, in part, the first toll road in the United States, which originally consisted of two roads from Alexandria northwest into the Shenandoah Valley.

Virginia State Route 7
Virginia State Route 7 (VA 7) is a major primary state highway and busy commuter route in Northern Virginia, United States.  It travels southeast from Downtown Winchester to Washington Street (SR 400) in Downtown Alexandria. Its route largely parallels those of the Washington & Old Dominion Trail and the Potomac River. Between its western terminus and I-395, SR 7 is part of the National Highway System. In 1968, the Virginia State Highway Commission designated the road as the "Harry Flood Byrd Highway" between Alexandria and Winchester to commemorate Harry F. Byrd Sr. (1887–1966).
Magic acid
Magic acid (FSO3H·SbF5) is a superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5). This conjugate Brønsted–Lewis superacid system was developed in the 1960s by Ronald Gillespie and his team at McMaster University, and has been used by George Olah to stabilise carbocations and hypercoordinated carbonium ions in liquid media. Magic acid and other superacids are also used to catalyze isomerization of saturated hydrocarbons, and have been shown to protonate even weak bases, including methane, xenon, halogens, and molecular hydrogen.

Fluorosulfuric acid
Fluorosulfuric acid (IUPAC name: sulfurofluoridic acid) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula HSO3F. It is one of the strongest acids commercially available. It is a tetrahedral molecule and is closely related to sulfuric acid, H2SO4, substituting a fluorine atom for one of the hydroxyl groups. It is a colourless liquid, although commercial samples are often yellow due to impurities.
Strzelin
Strzelin (Polish pronunciation: [ˈstʂɛlʲin]; German: Strehlen, Czech: Střelín) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is located on the Oława river, a tributary of the Oder, about 39 kilometres (24 miles) south of the region's capital Wrocław. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.

The town is the seat of Strzelin County and also of the smaller municipality (gmina) of Strzelin. It is known for its extensive granite quarries, and contains Europe's deepest granite quarry. It is 123 meters deep and covers 19.5 ha

Gmina Strzelin
Gmina Strzelin is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Strzelin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Strzelin, which lies approximately 39 kilometres (24 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.

The gmina covers an area of 171.69 square kilometres (66.3 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 22,167.
Sarkar Raj
Sarkar Raj (transl. Government rule) is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language political action thriller film directed by Ram Gopal Varma. The film is a sequel to the 2005 film Sarkar and the second installment of the Sarkar film series. The film premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, the New York Asian Film Festival, and the 9th IIFA World Premiere-Bangkok.

The film was archived at the Academy of Motion Pictures library. The primary cast features Amitabh Bachchan, Abhishek Bachchan (who reprise their roles from the original) and new entrant Aishwarya Rai Bachchan. Supriya Pathak, Tanishaa, and Ravi Kale also reappeared in their respective roles from Sarkar. The film was released on 6 June 2008 and was critically and commercially successful. The continuation and third installment Sarkar 3, was released on 12 May 2017 to positive reviews.

A promotional mobile video game based on the film was released by Mauj Mobile in 2008.

Sarkar (2005 film)
Sarkar (transl. Leader) is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language political action thriller film directed by Ram Gopal Varma. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Abhishek Bachchan, Kay Kay Menon, Katrina Kaif, Tanishaa, Supriya Pathak, Kota Srinivasa Rao, and Anupam Kher. It is the first installment of the Sarkar film series.

Sarkar is an unofficial remake of The Godfather and spawned two sequels: Sarkar Raj, which was released on 6 June 2008, and Sarkar 3, which was released on 12 May 2017. Sarkar was premiered at the New York Asian Film Festival. The film is preserved at the American Academy of Motion Pictures library.
Wishart distribution
In statistics, the Wishart distribution is a generalization of the gamma distribution to multiple dimensions. It is named in honor of John Wishart, who first formulated the distribution in 1928. Other names include Wishart ensemble (in random matrix theory, probability distributions over matrices are usually called "ensembles"), or Wishart–Laguerre ensemble (since its eigenvalue distribution involve Laguerre polynomials), or LOE, LUE, LSE (in analogy with GOE, GUE, GSE).

It is a family of probability distributions defined over symmetric, positive-definite random matrices (i.e. matrix-valued random variables). These distributions are of great importance in the estimation of covariance matrices in multivariate statistics. In Bayesian statistics, the Wishart distribution is the conjugate prior of the inverse covariance-matrix  of a multivariate-normal random vector.

Random matrix
In probability theory and mathematical physics, a random matrix is a matrix-valued random variable—that is, a matrix in which some or all of its entries are sampled randomly from a probability distribution. Random matrix theory (RMT) is the study of properties of random matrices, often as they become large. RMT provides techniques like mean-field theory, diagrammatic methods, the cavity method, or the replica method to compute quantities like traces, spectral densities, or scalar products between eigenvectors. Many physical phenomena, such as the spectrum of nuclei of heavy atoms, the thermal conductivity of a lattice, or the emergence of quantum chaos, can be modeled mathematically as problems concerning large, random matrices.
Delta Sigma Rho
Delta Sigma Rho (ΔΣΡ) was a collegiate honor society devoted to the promotion of public speaking (forensics). It merged with Tau Kappa Alpha, a similar organization, to form Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha in 1963.

Tau Kappa Alpha
Tau Kappa Alpha (ΤΚΑ) was a collegiate honor society devoted to the promotion of public speaking (forensics). Established in 1908, it merged with Delta Sigma Rho, a similar society, to form Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha in 1963
WXXO (FM)
WXXO (91.5 FM) is a public, listener-supported radio station in Rochester, New York, airing a classical music radio format. Its programs can also be heard in Houghton on WXXY (90.3 FM) and on the seventh digital subchannel of WXXI-TV (channel 21). It's owned by the WXXI Public Broadcasting Council, which also owns WXXI-TV and a two-station news and information service, WXXI (1370 AM) and WXXI-FM (105.9). WXXO holds periodic fundraisers on the air to support the station.

WXXO has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 45,000 watts. The transmitter is located on Pinnacle Hill in Brighton. It is co-located with the towers for several Rochester FM and TV stations.

WXXI-FM
WXXI-FM (105.9 FM) is a non-commercial radio station in Rochester, New York, United States. It broadcasts news, talk and informational programming as a member station of National Public Radio (NPR). WXXI-FM is owned by the WXXI Public Broadcasting Council, Rochester's primary public broadcaster. The station was founded as WJZR in January 1993 by North Coast Radio, Inc., and broadcast a smooth jazz format for 29 years before it was taken silent in July 2022 upon the owner's retirement. Since May 2023, WXXI-FM has carried WXXI's news/talk service, which originates from WXXI (1370 AM).

The transmitter is on Pinnacle Hill Road off Highland Avenue in Brighton. The studios and offices are at the WXXI Public Broadcasting Center on State Street in Rochester.
Powerbomb
A powerbomb is a professional wrestling throw in which an opponent is lifted (usually so that they are sitting on the wrestler's shoulders) and then slammed back-first down to the mat. The standard powerbomb sees an opponent first placed in a standing headscissors position (bent forward with their head placed between the attacking wrestler's thighs). The opponent is then lifted on the wrestler's shoulders and slammed down back-first to the mat. A prawn hold is commonly used for a pinning powerbomb.

Powerbombs are sometimes used in mixed martial arts competitions, when a fighter attempts to slam another fighter who has him trapped in a triangle choke. In professional wrestling, it is also sometimes used by a bigger wrestler as a counter to an attempted hurricanrana by a smaller wrestler. While it was associated with super-heavyweight wrestlers, the move was invented by Lou Thesz.

Professional wrestling holds
Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by performers to immobilize their opponents or lead to a submission. This article covers the various pins, stretches and transition holds used in the ring. Some wrestlers use these holds as their finishing maneuvers, often nicknaming them to reflect their character or persona. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Languages of Calabria
The primary languages of Calabria are the Italian language as well as regional varieties of Extreme Southern Italian and Neapolitan languages, all collectively known as Calabrian (Italian: calabrese). In addition, there are speakers of the Arbëresh variety of Albanian, as well as Calabrian Greek speakers and pockets of Occitan.

Extreme Southern Italian
The Extreme Southern Italian dialects are a set of languages spoken mainly in Sicily, southern Salento, southern Cilento, and most of Calabria with common phonetic and syntactic characteristics such as to constitute a single group. The name "Italian" refers to the fact that these languages are spoken in Italy, not that they are dialects of the Italian language (see Languages of Italy § Language or dialect).

Today, Extreme Southern Italian dialects are still spoken daily, although their use is limited to informal contexts and is mostly oral. There are examples of full literary uses with contests (mostly poetry) and theatrical performances.
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (8 February 1828 – 8 August 1897) was a Spanish politician and historian known principally for serving six terms as prime minister and his overarching role as "architect" of the regime that ensued with the 1874 restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. He was assassinated by Italian anarchist Michele Angiolillo.

As leader of the Liberal-Conservative Party—also known more simply as the Conservative Party—the name of Cánovas became symbolic of the alternate succession in the Restoration regime along with Práxedes Mateo Sagasta's.

Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
Práxedes Mariano Mateo Sagasta y Escolar (21 July 1825 – 5 January 1903) was a Spanish civil engineer and politician who served as Prime Minister on eight occasions between 1870 and 1902—always in charge of the Liberal Party—as part of the turno pacifico, alternating with the Conservative leader Antonio Cánovas. He was known as an excellent orator.
Abiathar
Abiathar (Hebrew: אֶבְיָתָר ʾEḇyāṯār, "father (of) abundance"/"abundant father"), in the Hebrew Bible, is a son of Ahimelech or Ahijah, High Priest at Nob, the fourth in descent from Eli and the last of Eli's House to be a High Priest.

Ahimelech
Ahimelech (Hebrew: אֲחִימֶלֶך ʾĂḥīmeleḵ, "my brother is king"/"brother of a king") was an Israelite priest and served as the grand priest of the town of Nob. In the Book of Samuel, he was described as the son of Ahitub and father of Abiathar (1 Samuel 22:20–23), but described as the son of Abiathar in 2 Samuel 8:17 and in four places in 1 Chronicles. He descended from Aaron's son Ithamar and the High Priest of Israel Eli. In 1 Chronicles 18:16 his name is Abimelech according to the Masoretic Text, and is probably the same as Ahiah (1 Samuel 14:3, 18).
Canidia gens
The gens Canidia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome, first mentioned during the late Republic.  It is best known from a single individual, Publius Canidius Crassus, consul suffectus in 40 BC, and the chief general of Marcus Antonius during the Perusine War.  Other Canidii are known from inscriptions.  The name Canidia was also used by Horace as a sobriquet for the perfumer, Gratidia.

Publius Canidius Crassus
Publius Canidius Crassus (died 30 BC) was a Roman general and Mark Antony's lieutenant. He served under Lepidus in southern Gallia in 43 BC, and was henceforth allied with Antony. He became suffect consul in 40 BC and then served as a commander in Armenia whence he invaded, in 36 BC, Iberia (Georgia), and forced its king Pharnabazus into alliance against Zober, king of Albania. Having subjugated the Iberians and Albanians, Crassus then joined Antony's campaign against Parthia.

In the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, he commanded Antony's land forces against Octavian, having advised Antony before the battle that it would be more advantageous for their forces, together with those of Cleopatra, to fight on land, where they would have had the advantage over those of Octavian.

After Antony's defeat and flight to Egypt, Crassus was accused of deserting his army. He went to Egypt, where he was executed on Octavian's order.