hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sophie Barker (mayor)
Sophie Elizabeth Barker (born 1966 or 1967) is a New Zealand politician. She has served as mayor of Dunedin since 17 October 2025, having been a Dunedin city councillor since 2019 and deputy mayor between 2022 and 2023. Barker is the city's second female mayor since Sukhi Turner, who served as mayor between 1995 and 2004. Barker is a centre-left independent politician.

Dunedin City Council
The Dunedin City Council (Māori: Kaunihera ā-Rohe o Ōtepoti) is the local government authority for Dunedin in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority elected to represent the 132,800 people of Dunedin. Since October 2025, the Mayor of Dunedin is Sophie Barker, who succeeded Jules Radich. The council consists of a mayor who is elected at large, and 14 councillors elected at large, one of whom gets chosen as deputy-mayor. The councillors are elected under the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system in triennial elections, with the most recent election held on 11 October 2025.
Land Acts (Ireland)
The Land Acts (officially Land Law (Ireland) Acts) were a series of measures to deal with the question of tenancy contracts and peasant proprietorship of land in Ireland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Five such acts were introduced by the government of the United Kingdom between 1870 and 1909. Further acts were introduced by the governments of the Irish Free State after 1922 and more acts were passed for Northern Ireland.

The success of the Land Acts in reducing the concentration of land ownership is indicated by the fact that in 1870, only 3% of Irish farmers owned their own land while 97% were tenants. By 1929, this ratio had been reversed with 97.4% of farmers holding their farms in freehold. However, as Michael Davitt and other Georgists had foreseen, peasant proprietorship did not end hardship in the Irish countryside. Emigration and economic disadvantage continued while the greatest beneficiaries of land reform were the middle class of medium farmers.

Plan of Campaign
The Plan of Campaign was a stratagem adopted in Ireland between 1886 and 1891, co-ordinated by Irish politicians for the benefit of tenant farmers, against mainly absentee and rack-rent landlords. It was launched to counter agricultural distress caused by the continual depression in prices of dairy products and cattle from the mid-1870s, which left many tenants in arrears with rent. Bad weather in 1885 and 1886 also caused crop failure, making it harder to pay rents. The Land War of the early 1880s was about to be renewed after evictions increased and outrages became widespread.
Flash Gordon
Flash Gordon is the protagonist of a space adventure comic strip created and originally drawn by Alex Raymond. First published January 7, 1934, the strip was inspired by, and created to compete with, the already established Buck Rogers adventure strip.

Hans Zarkov
Dr. Hans Zarkov is a fictional character appearing in the Flash Gordon comic strip and the following serials, films, television shows and comic books. He was created by Alex Raymond.

Zarkov is a brilliant scientist who creates a rocket and forces Flash and Dale Arden to come with him to the planet Mongo, and fight against Ming the Merciless. In the original comic strip, he was first thought to have died when his ship crashed into the planet Mongo. It is later revealed that Ming's minions pulled him out of the wreckage. Zarkov's character in the 1980s DC comic was handled the same way.
Little Houghton House
Little Houghton House is a Grade II*-listed, nineteenth century Manor House with parts going back to 1685. The house has been owned by notable people, including Cecil Davidge and Christopher Davidge, both of whom served as High Sheriff of Northamptonshire and Deputy Lieutenants of Northamptonshire.

Christopher Davidge
Christopher Guy Vere Davidge, of Little Houghton House, OBE DL (5 November 1929 – 22 December 2014) was a British rower who competed in the Summer Olympics three times in 1952, 1956 and 1960 and won the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta three times.
Gundulf of Rochester
Gundulf (or Gundulph) (c. 1024 – 1108) was a Norman monk who went to England following the Norman Conquest of 1066. He was appointed Bishop of Rochester and Prior of the Cathedral Priory there. He built several castles, including Rochester, Colchester and the White Tower of the Tower of London, and the Priory and Cathedral Church of Rochester.

Rochester Cathedral
Rochester Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary, is in Rochester, Kent, England. The cathedral is the mother church of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester and seat (cathedra) of the Bishop of Rochester, the second oldest bishopric in England after that of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The present cathedral, rebuilt on the site of its predecessor in the Norman style, is a Grade I listed building.
Härjedalen
Härjedalen (Swedish: [ˈhæ̂rjɛˌdɑːlɛn] ⓘ) is a historical province (landskap) in the centre of Sweden. It borders the Norwegian county of Trøndelag, as well as the provinces of Dalarna, Hälsingland, Medelpad and Jämtland. The province originally belonged to Norway, but was ceded to Sweden in the Second Treaty of Brömsebro in 1645. The province forms the bulk of Härjedalen Municipality of which the village of Sveg is the seat.

Härjedalen Municipality
Härjedalen Municipality (Swedish: Härjedalens kommun, Southern Sami: Herjedaelien tjïelte) is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Sveg.

The municipality roughly, but not exactly, corresponds with the traditional province Härjedalen.

The municipality was created in 1974 and is one of two in Sweden with the name of a province (Gotland Municipality is the other). It consists of nine original local government entities (as of 1863).
The Empty Hearse
"The Empty Hearse" is the first episode of the third series of the BBC television series Sherlock. It was written by Mark Gatiss and stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes, Martin Freeman as Dr John Watson, and Mark Gatiss as Mycroft Holmes. It also marks the first appearance of Amanda Abbington as Mary Morstan and Lars Mikkelsen as Charles Augustus Magnussen.

Inspired by "The Adventure of the Empty House" and "The Lost Special" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the episode follows Sherlock Holmes' return to London and reunion with John Watson, along with an underground terrorist network. The episode was first broadcast on BBC One and Channel One on 1 January 2014. It garnered a viewership of 12.7 million people and received positive reviews.

The Adventure of the Empty House
"The Adventure of the Empty House", one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle collected as The Return of Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in Collier's in the United States on 26 September 1903, and in The Strand Magazine in the United Kingdom in October 1903.

Public pressure compelled Conan Doyle to bring the sleuth back to life, and explain his survival after his deadly struggle with Professor Moriarty in "The Final Problem". This is the first Holmes story set after his supposed death at the Reichenbach Falls, as recounted in "The Final Problem".
Chattanooga metropolitan area
The Chattanooga, TN-GA metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of six counties – three in southeast Tennessee (Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie) and three in northwest Georgia (Catoosa, Dade, and Walker) – anchored by the city of Chattanooga. As of the 2020 census, the Chattanooga metropolitan area had a population of 562,647. This metropolitan area traverses two time zones.

Catoosa County, Georgia
Catoosa County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2020 census, the population was 67,872. The county seat is Ringgold. The county was created on December 5, 1853. The meaning of the Cherokee language name "Catoosa" is obscure.  "Catoosa" may come from the Cherokee words gatusi ("hill", "small mountain" or "high place") or gatu'gitse ("new settlement place").

Catoosa County is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Reformed Ogboni Fraternity
The Reformed Ogboni Fraternity, also known as the R.O.F, is an international fraternal organization. It is commonly described by initiates as a syncretic blend of the Ogboni system of Yorubaland and various external elements.

Ògbóni
Ògbóni  (also known as Òsùgbó in Ijèbú) is a fraternal institution indigenous to the Yoruba-speaking polities of  Nigeria, Republic of Bénin and Togo. The society performs a range of political and religious functions, including exercising a profound influence on monarchs and serving as high courts of jurisprudence in capital offenses.

Its members are generally considered to constitute the nobility of the various Yoruba kingdoms of West Africa.
Postage stamps and postal history of Qatar
Qatar was a British protectorate from 1916 till it gained independence on 3 September 1971.

At first, in compliance with treaty obligations, British stamps were in use. These were issued in Indian rupee denominations with QATAR over-printed in English. Until 1950, the country's postal service was administered by an Indian post office in Bahrain. A British office was opened in Doha and sold stamps of British Postal Agencies in Eastern Arabia until 1957 when overprinted British stamps were introduced. Qatar Post took responsibility for postal administration in May 1963 and joined the Universal Postal Union in January 1969. The first Qatari stamps were issued in 1961 and there was an independence issue in January 1972. Since then, Qatar Post has continued to manage the country's postal administration and to issue its stamps, which are mostly relevant to Qatar itself.

British postal agencies in Eastern Arabia
British postal agencies in Eastern Arabia issued early postage stamps used in each of Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Dubai, Kuwait, Muscat and Qatar. Muscat and Dubai relied on Indian postal administration until 1 April 1948 when, following the Partition of India, British agencies were established there. Two agencies were opened in Qatar: at Doha (August 1950) and Umm Said (February 1956). In Abu Dhabi, an agency was opened on Das Island in December 1960 and in Abu Dhabi City on 30 March 1963. The agencies also supplied stamps to Bahrain until 1960; and to Kuwait during shortages in 1951–1953.

The agency in Dubai issued the Trucial States stamps on 7 January 1961. As each state took over its own postal administration, the offices closed. Closure dates were: Qatar on 23 May 1963; Dubai on 14 June 1963; Abu Dhabi on 29 March 1964; finally Muscat on 29 April 1966.
Palmerston, Australian Capital Territory
Palmerston (/ˈpɑːmərstən/) is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Gungahlin. The suburb is named after George Thomas Palmer (1784–1854) who established a settlement in the Canberra region in 1826 called Palmerville, which was later renamed Ginninderra. It was gazetted on 20 March 1991. Streets are named after mountains and mountain ranges of Australia, with the main street called Kosciuszko Avenue. It is next to the suburbs of Nicholls, Gungahlin, Crace and Franklin. It was the second suburb to be developed in the Gungahlin district, after the industrial suburb of Mitchell. It is bounded by Gungahlin drive and Gundaroo drive.

Nicholls, Australian Capital Territory
Nicholls is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Gungahlin. It was named after Sir Douglas Nicholls (1906–1988) who was born at Cummeragunja Aboriginal mission, New South Wales. Nicholls was a footballer, pastor, activist, and Governor of South Australia, 1976–1977. In line with the philosophy of naming Canberra's streets, those of Nicholls are named after sportspeople. The suburb incorporates a large shallow body of water, designated Gungahlin Pond, with The Lakes golf course and the greatest number of residential streets on one side and a small cluster of residential streets, the "pondside promenade", named after birds, on the other. There is no direct connecting road between the two.

Nicholls adjoins the suburbs of Kinlyside, Casey, Ngunnawal, Crace and Palmerston. The suburb is located approximately 2 km from the Gungahlin Town Centre and about 13 km from the centre of Canberra.
Pulo di Altamura
Pulo di Altamura is a doline located on the Murge plateau (Apulia, Italy). It is the largest doline in that region and it is located about 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) north-west of the city of Altamura. It shares the local toponym pulo with other large dolines of the region, i.e. Pulicchio di Gravina, Pulo di Molfetta and Pulicchio di Toritto.

Altopiano delle Murge
The Altopiano delle Murge (Italian for 'plateau of the Murge') is a karst topographic plateau of rectangular shape in southern Italy. Most of it lies within the region of Puglia and corresponds with the sub-region known as Murgia or Le Murge, within the administrative area of the Metropolitan City of Bari, the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, the provinces of Brindisi and Taranto to the south, and the Matera in the region of Basilicata to the west. The name is believed to originate from the Latin: murex, meaning 'sharp stone'.
Omar Geles
Omar Antonio Geles Suárez (1967–2024) was a Colombian accordionist, singer, and songwriter. He was crowned Vallenato King after winning the accordionist competition of the Vallenato Legend Festival in 1989, and wrote hundreds of songs, which have been recorded by artists including Diomedes Díaz and Patricia Teherán.

Patricia Teherán Romero
Patricia Teherán Romero (10 June 1969 Cartagena de Indias – 19 January 1995 Loma de Arena, Santa Catalina) was a Colombian singer and songwriter, considered one of the most important female vocalists in the history of vallenato.
Lee Moriarty
Julian Lee Moriarty (born June 6, 1994) is an American professional wrestler and artist. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under the ring name Lee Moriarty (tweaked from his real name) and is a member of Shane Taylor Promotions. He also performs for its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is the reigning ROH Pure Champion in his first reign.

ROH Pure Championship
The ROH Pure Championship is a men's professional wrestling championship created and promoted by the American promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). Established on February 14, 2004, it is a specialty title that is contested under "Pure Wrestling Rules", and the inaugural champion was A.J. Styles. In addition to being in ROH, the championship is also occasionally defended on All Elite Wrestling's (AEW) programs, as AEW and ROH are both owned by Tony Khan. The reigning champion is Lee Moriarty, who is in his first reign, which is the longest reign in the championship's history. He won the title by defeating Wheeler Yuta at Death Before Dishonor on July 26, 2024.
Marienberg Rural LLG
Marienberg Rural LLG (also Marienberg Hills Rural LLG) is a local-level government (LLG) of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. The Marienberg languages are spoken in this LLG, as well as various Lower Sepik-Ramu languages and the isolate Tayap.

Tayap language
Tayap (also spelled Taiap; called Gapun in earlier literature, after the name of the village in which it is spoken) is an endangered Papuan language spoken by fewer than 50 people in Gapun village of Marienberg Rural LLG in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea (4°01′43″S 144°30′11″E﻿ / ﻿4.028746°S 144.50304°E﻿ / -4.028746; 144.50304﻿ (Gapun), located just to the south of the Sepik River mouth near the coast). It is being replaced by the national language and lingua franca Tok Pisin.
Acis (plant)
Acis  is a genus of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants in the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae). The genus consists of nine species distributed in Europe and Northern Africa. Acis was previously included in Leucojum; both genera are known as snowflakes.

Leucojum
Leucojum is a small genus of bulbous plants native to Eurasia belonging to the amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. As currently circumscribed, the genus includes only two known species, most former species having been moved into the genus Acis. Both genera are known as snowflakes.

Leucojum is a compound of Greek λευκος, leukos "white" and ἰόν, ion "violet". The spelling Leucoium is also used. In addition to the common name snowflakes, the two Leucojum species are also known as St. Agnes' flower, for patron saint of virgins and gardeners, and snowbells.
Rank correlation
In statistics, a rank correlation is any of several statistics that measure an ordinal association — the relationship between rankings of different ordinal variables or different rankings of the same variable, where a "ranking" is the assignment of the ordering labels "first", "second", "third", etc. to different observations of a particular variable.  A rank correlation coefficient measures the degree of similarity between two rankings, and can be used to assess the significance of the relation between them.  For example, two common nonparametric methods of significance that use rank correlation are the Mann–Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Mann–Whitney U test
The Mann–Whitney  test (also called the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW/MWU), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test) is a nonparametric statistical test of the null hypothesis that randomly selected values X and Y from two populations have the same distribution.

Nonparametric tests used on two dependent samples are the sign test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Muhammad Noor Meskanzai
Muhammad Noor Meskanzai (Urdu: محمد نور مسکانزئی; 1September 1956 – 14 October 2022) was a Pakistani judge who served as the 17th Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court. Prior to his appointment as chief justice of the Islamic Court on 15 May 2021, he served as the 18th chief justice of Balochistan High Court from 26 December 2014 to 31 August 2018. He was assassinated by an outlawed insurgent group in his hometown. His killer was arrested 2 weeks after his assassination and is now under investigation of ISI, so the facilitators of murder and other suspects could also be arrested in the case.

The president of Pakistan appointed him as the chief justice of Shariat Court for the term of one year three days before his retirement from the legal services. He was critically injured on 14 October 2022 when he was shot outside a mosque in Kharan, Pakistan. Later he died at a nearby hospital.

Kharan, Pakistan
Kharan (Balochi: ھاران; Urdu: خاران) is a town in Kharan District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located at 28°35'0N 65°25'0E with an altitude of 692 metres (2273 feet). The town is also the division headquarters of Rakhshan Division. It is populated by many Baloch clans. Former Federal Shariat Court and Balochistan High Court chief justice Muhammad Noor Meskanzai belongs to this town.
Ted Berry (basketball)
Ted Berry (born June 4, 1972, Richmond, Virginia) is a professional basketball player. The guard attended Christopher Newport University in Virginia.

In 1997, Berry moved to the UK to play for Derby Storm in the British Basketball League (BBL). He was acquired by new franchise the Edinburgh Rocks in 1998 where his virtuoso style made him a firm favourite with the fans. His six seasons in the UK gave him EU residency and even made him eligible to represent Scotland at international level. However, Berry moved on to French team Rueil in 2003, where he led the side to the promotion play-off final. He currently plays for Spanish club Provincia de Palencia after stint in France's Pro A and B.

In 2007, he founded the Tri-City Summer League in his hometown of Richmond, bringing the best local players together for a series of free off-season games. It replaced the previous league in which Berry was a regular participant.

Caledonia Gladiators
The Caledonia Gladiators are a Scottish professional basketball club based in East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire and are the only Scotland-based team in Super League Basketball, the top tier of domestic basketball in the United Kingdom.

Founded in 1998, the club has previously been based in Edinburgh and Glasgow, before being rebranded as Caledonia Gladiators in 2022, due to a change in ownership and location. Since 2023, the Gladiators have played all home games at the 1,800-seat Playsport Arena.
KTAL-TV
KTAL-TV (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Texarkana, Texas, United States, serving the Shreveport, Louisiana, area and the Ark-La-Tex region as an affiliate of NBC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside independent station/MyNetworkTV affiliate KSHV-TV (channel 45); Nexstar also provides certain services to Fox affiliate KMSS-TV (channel 33) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with Mission Broadcasting. The three stations share studios on North Market Street and Deer Park Road in northeast Shreveport; KTAL-TV maintains a secondary studio on Summerhill Road in Texarkana, Texas, and transmitter facilities northwest of Vivian, Louisiana.

Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, in the Ark-La-Tex region. Located approximately 180 miles (290 km) from Dallas, Texarkana is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. The Texas city's population was 36,193 at the 2020 census.

The city and its Arkansas counterpart form the core of the Texarkana metropolitan statistical area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. The two cities had a combined population of 65,580 in the 2020 decennial census, and the metropolitan area had a population of 149,482.
Cadillac Catera
The Cadillac Catera is a compact executive car marketed from 1997 to 2001 model years by Cadillac over a single generation in the United States, Canada and GCC.

As a rebadged variant of the Opel Omega B using GM's V-body platform, the Catera was manufactured by Opel in Rüsselsheim, Germany — with production reaching approximately 95,000.

Opel Omega
The Opel Omega is an executive car engineered and manufactured by German automaker Opel between 1986 and 2003. The first generation, the Omega A (1986–1994), superseded the Opel Rekord. It was voted European Car of the Year for 1987, and was available as a saloon or estate. The second generation, the Omega B, was manufactured from 1994 to 2003.

Rebadged variants of the Omega were marketed worldwide, including in North America as the Cadillac Catera, in Great Britain as the Vauxhall Omega, and South America as the Chevrolet Omega. As with the Rekord which preceded it, re-engineered versions of the Omega were manufactured in Australia from 1988 as the Holden Commodore (and its derivatives) since 1999. Commodore-based cars were in turn exported to South America as the Chevrolet Omega and to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Lumina.

Production of the Omega was discontinued in 2003. It was succeeded by the Opel Signum.