hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dennis Ritchie
Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September 9, 1941 – c. October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist. He created, together with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system, C programming language, and B programming language.

Ken Thompson
Kenneth Lane Thompson (born February 4, 1943) is an American pioneer of computer science. Thompson worked at Bell Labs for most of his career where he designed and implemented the original Unix operating system. He also invented the B programming language, the direct predecessor to the C language, and was one of the creators and early developers of the Plan 9 operating system. Other notable contributions included his work on regular expressions and early computer text editors QED and ed, the definition of the UTF-8 encoding, and his work on computer chess that included the creation of endgame tablebases and the chess machine Belle.

Since 2006, Thompson has worked at Google, where he co-developed the Go language. In 1983, he won the Turing Award with his long-term colleague Dennis Ritchie. He is considered one of the greatest computer programmers of all time.
Royal Brunei Air Force
The Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAirF), natively known as the Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei (TUDB), is the air force of the sultanate of Brunei.  It is headquartered and mainly based at the Royal Brunei Air Force Base, Rimba, opposite the Brunei International Airport (BIA).  Its role is to defend the national airspace and to provide air policing and surveillance of its land and maritime borders. As of 2024, it operates twenty-two manned aircraft and five unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

The RBAirF was formed as an independent air force on 1 October 1991.  It was originally created in 1965 as the Air Wing of the Royal Brunei Malay Regiment (Askar Melayu Diraja Brunei; AMDB), the forerunner of today's Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF).  The Air Wing had operated helicopters (the Bell 205) since 1966. The annual anniversary ceremony of RBAirF's inception was place on 24 June every year.

Royal Brunei Air Force Base, Rimba
Officially known as Royal Brunei Air Force Base, Rimba (Malay: Pangkalan Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei, Rimba), commonly known as Rimba Air Force Base (Pangkalan Tentera Udara Rimba), occasionally known as Rimba Airbase, and informally abbreviated Rimba AFB; it is the military headquarters and main operating airbase of the Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAirF, originally Angkatan Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei - ATUDB; from 2005 to Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei - TUDB).  It is located near the Bruneian village of Kampong Rimba, opposite, and sharing its main runway of 3,685 metres (12,090 feet) with the Brunei International Airport (BIA), at Bandar Seri Begawan, in the Brunei-Muara District of the sultanate of Brunei Darussalam.
Mutual Fund Dealers Association
The Mutual Fund Dealers Association of Canada (MFDA) was a Canadian self-regulatory organization (SRO) that provided oversight to dealers that distribute mutual funds and exempt fixed income products. It was licensed under all Canadian provincial securities regulators (except Quebec, where it cooperates with the Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) instead).  Its members consisted of the distribution side of the industry that typically provide mutual funds and exempt fixed income products to Canadians through financial planners.

It worked in parallel to another Canadian SRO, the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (IIROC), which was responsible for the distribution of equities, exchange traded funds (ETFs), and other exchange traded products such as closed-end funds.

On January 1, 2023, the MFDA was merged into the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (CIRO).

Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization
The Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (CIRO; Organisme canadien de réglementation des investissements or OCRI in French) is a non-profit, national self-regulatory organization (SRO). Established through the merger of the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (IIROC) and Mutual Fund Dealers Association (MFDA) on January 1, 2023,  CIRO oversees all investment dealers, mutual funds and trading activity on debt and equity markets in Canada.

The organization sets regulatory and investment industry standards and has quasi-judicial powers in that it holds enforcement hearings and has the power to suspend, fine and expel members and their representatives.
Wedding (Berlin)
Wedding (German: der Wedding, pronounced [ˈvɛdɪŋ] ⓘ) is a locality in the borough of Mitte, Berlin, Germany. It was a separate borough in the north-western inner city until it was fused with Tiergarten and Mitte in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. At the same time the eastern half of the former borough of Wedding—on the other side of Reinickendorfer Straße—was separated as the new locality of Gesundbrunnen.

Gesundbrunnen (Berlin)
Gesundbrunnen (German: [ɡəˈzʊntˌbʁʊnən] ⓘ, literally "health springs"; colloquially Plumpe, "pump") is a locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin in the borough (Bezirk) of Mitte. It was created as a separate entity during the 2001 administrative reform, formerly the eastern half of the former Wedding district (merged into Mitte) and locality. Gesundbrunnen has the highest percentage of non-German residents of any Berlin locality, at 35.1% as of the end of 2008.
North Carolina Highway 68
North Carolina Highway 68 (NC 68) is a north–south state highway in North Carolina. It serves as a connector between Interstate 40 (I-40)/ U.S. Route 421 (US 421) and Piedmont Triad International Airport (via I-73). On its routing from Thomasville to Stokesdale, NC 68 passes through urban High Point, the western outskirts of Greensboro, and the town of Oak Ridge.

Interstate 73 in North Carolina
Interstate 73 (I-73) is a partially completed Interstate Highway in the US state of North Carolina, traversing the state from northwest of Rockingham to near Summerfield through Asheboro and Greensboro. When completed, it will continue south toward Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and north to Price, North Carolina at the Virginia-North Carolina border.
CZ 52
The CZ 52 (also known by the Czechoslovak military designations  vz. 52, for (vz. - vzor = model) "model of 1952", and CZ 482) is a semi-automatic pistol designed by two brothers, Jan and Jaroslav Kratochvíl, in the early 1950s for the Czechoslovak military. Around 200,000 vz. 52s were made by Česká Zbrojovka in Strakonice from 1952 to 1954. Before standardizing on the 7.62×25mm vz. 52, the Czechoslovak military used several domestic and foreign pistol models in three different calibers. After 30 years of military service, the vz. 52 was eventually replaced by the 9×18mm Makarov caliber vz. 82.

The CZ 52 is technically known as the vz. 52; the Czech military designation. It's often referred to as the CZ 52 to differentiate it from the vz. 52 rifle, which entered the export market before the pistol.

CZ 82
The Pistole vz. 82 is a compact semi-automatic pistol made for the Czechoslovak military.  "vz." is an abbreviation for vzor, which translates to 'model'. A civilian export version is called the CZ 83.
Golondrina point
Golondrina points (formerly Plainview Golondrina) are lanceolate spear or dart projectile points, of medium size, dated to the transitional Paleo-Indian Period, between 9000–7000 BP. Golondrina points were attached on split-stem hafts and may have served to bring down medium-sized animals such as deer, as well as functioning as butchering knives. Distribution is widespread throughout most of Texas, and points have also been discovered in Arkansas and Mexico. The concentration of Golondrina specimens is highest across the South Texas Plains, where the point is the most prevalent of Paleo-Indian types and defines a distinctive cultural pattern for the region. The Golondrina point is so named for its flared basal corners ("ears"), which resemble a swallow's (golondrina in Spanish) split tail. Classification of Golondrina can be difficult because of its similarity to other types, particularly the Plainview point, to which it was originally thought to be related.

Plainview point
In the classification of Archaeological cultures of North America, the term Plainview points refer to Paleoindian projectile points dated between 10,000 and 9,000 Before Present. The point was named in 1947 after the discovery of a large cache of unfluted, lanceolate spear tips with concave bases that were found in a Bison antiquus kill site along the Running Water Draw river, near the town of Plainview in Texas, United States. The point is found primarily throughout the South Plains, however, this range may sometimes be misidentified, as "Plainview" was previously used as a general term to describe unfluted lanceolate points throughout the entirety of the Plains, as well as the eastern Upper Mississippi Valley.
Electrical resistivity tomography
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) or electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) is a geophysical technique for imaging sub-surface structures from electrical resistivity measurements made at the surface, or by electrodes in one or more boreholes. If the electrodes are suspended in the boreholes, deeper sections can be investigated. It is closely related to the medical imaging technique electrical impedance tomography (EIT), and mathematically is the same inverse problem. In contrast to medical EIT, however, ERT is essentially a direct current method. A related geophysical method, induced polarization (or spectral induced polarization), measures the transient response and aims to determine the subsurface chargeability properties.

Electrical resistivity measurements can be used for identification and quantification of depth of groundwater, detection of clays, and measurement of groundwater conductivity.

Geophysical imaging
Geophysical imaging (also known as geophysical tomography) is a minimally destructive geophysical technique that investigates the subsurface of a terrestrial planet.  Geophysical imaging is a noninvasive imaging technique with a high parametrical and spatio-temporal resolution.  It can be used to model a surface or object understudy in 2D or 3D as well as monitor changes.

There are many applications of geophysical imaging some of which include imaging the lithosphere and imaging glaciers.  Many different techniques exist to perform geophysical imaging including seismic methods, electrical resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar, etc.

Types of geophysical imaging:

Electrical resistivity tomography

Ground-penetrating radar

Induced polarization

Seismic tomography and Reflection seismology

Magnetotellurics
Big Tree (Kiowa leader)
Á:dàuiétd̶è or Big Tree (ca. 1850–1929), was a noted Kiowa warrior and chief. He was a loyal follower of the fighting chiefs party (led by Satank, Satanta, and Guipago), and conducted frequent raids upon other tribes and white settlers, often being associated with Tsen-tainte ("White Horse").

Born in Kiowa territory (possibly present-day Oklahoma), Big Tree, along with the Kiowa, was forced onto a reservation at Fort Sill in the Indian Territory by the Medicine Lodge Treaty Council in 1867. He began leading raids against white settlers near the reservation and across the Red River in northern Texas. In 1870, Big Tree purportedly led a raid on Fort Sill in Indian Territory, but gained his notoriety from the Warren Wagon Train raid the following year. Big Tree was arrested days later, along with Satanta and Satank, and tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. They were the first American Indian chiefs to be tried in civil court.

Guipago
Guipago or Lone Wolf the Elder (Kiowa: Ǥûib̶à:gàui, lit. ''Lone Wolf" or "Alone among the Wolves'' ; c. 1820 – July 1879) was the last Principal Chief of the Kiowa tribe. He was a member of the Koitsenko, the Kiowa warrior elite, and was a signer of the Little Arkansas Treaty in 1865.
Buster Smith
Henry Franklin "Buster" Smith (August 24, 1904 – August 10, 1991), also known as Professor Smith, was an American jazz alto saxophonist and mentor to Charlie Parker. Smith was instrumental in instituting the Texas Sax Sound with Count Basie and Lester Young in the 1930s.

Smith played saxophone for a number of prominent band leaders including Duke Ellington and Earl Hines as well as vocalist Ella Fitzgerald. He recorded his only album as leader in 1959 and despite intending to record a follow-up, he was injured in an accident and nothing else was released.

Charlie Parker
Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso and introduced revolutionary rhythmic and harmonic ideas into jazz, including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions. Parker primarily played the alto saxophone.

Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual rather than just an entertainer.
History of the Puritans from 1649
From 1649 to 1660, Puritans in the Commonwealth of England were allied to the state power held by the military regime, headed by Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell until he died in 1658. They broke into numerous sects, of which the Presbyterian group comprised most of the clergy, but was deficient in political power since Cromwell's sympathies were with the Independents. During this period, the term "Puritan" becomes largely moot, therefore, in British terms, though the situation in New England was very different. After the English Restoration, the Savoy Conference and Uniformity Act 1662 and Great Ejection drove most of the Puritan ministers from the Church of England, and the outlines of the Puritan movement changed over a few decades into the collections of Presbyterian and Congregational churches, operating as they could as Dissenters under changing regimes.

Great Ejection
The Great Ejection followed the Act of Uniformity 1662 in England. Several thousand Puritan ministers were forced out of their positions in the Church of England following the Restoration of Charles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily an intended one) of the Savoy Conference of 1661.
Staffordshire/Warwickshire 1
Staffordshire/Warwickshire 1 was a tier 9 English Rugby Union league, with teams from Staffordshire and Warwickshire taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Midlands West 2 and relegated teams dropped to either Staffordshire 1 or Warwickshire 1.  The division was cancelled at the end of the 1999–00 campaign due to nationwide league restructuring by the RFU, with the majority of teams transferred into the newly introduced Midlands 4 West (North) or Midlands 4 West (South).

Warwickshire 1
Warwickshire 1 was a tier 9 English Rugby Union league with teams from Warwickshire taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Midlands 4 West (South) and relegated sides dropped to Warwickshire 2.  Warwickshire 1 was cancelled at the end of the 2005–06 season with the majority of teams transferred into the newly introduced Midlands 5 West (South).
Anti-submarine net
An anti-submarine net or anti-submarine boom is a boom placed across the mouth of a harbour or a strait for protection against submarines. Net laying ships would be used to place and remove the nets. The US Navy used anti-submarine nets in the Pacific War to protect major US Naval Advance Bases.  Some net cutter submarines were used in the war.

Net laying ship
A net laying ship, also known as a net layer, net tender, gate ship or boom defence vessel was a type of naval auxiliary ship.

A net layer's primary function was to lay and maintain steel anti-submarine nets or anti torpedo nets. Nets could be laid around an individual ship at anchor, or harbor entrances or dry docks, or other anchorages. Net laying was potentially dangerous work, and net laying seamen were experts at dealing with blocks, tackles, knots and splicing. As World War II progressed, net layers were pressed into a variety of additional roles including salvage, troop and cargo transport, buoy maintenance, and service as tugboats. Many of the ships were decommissioned after the war, but some continued in service for several more decades.

Net layers were eventually made redundant by advances in underwater detection technology.
Spittelmarkt (Berlin U-Bahn)
Spittelmarkt is a Berlin U-Bahn station on line U2, located in Mitte at the eastern end of Leipziger Straße. Opened on 1 October 1908 as the end of a new section extending from Potsdamer Platz, the underground station has a single island platform.

Berlin Potsdamer Platz station
Berlin Potsdamer Platz is a railway station in Berlin. It is completely underground and situated under Potsdamer Platz in central Berlin. Regional and S-Bahn services call at the station, and it is also served by U-Bahn line U2.
Takeda Katsuyori
Takeda Katsuyori (武田 勝頼; 1546 – 11 March 1582) was a Japanese daimyō (military lord) of the Sengoku period, who was famed as the head of the Takeda clan and the successor to the legendary warlord Takeda Shingen. He was son-in-law of Hojo Ujiyasu, daimyō of Hojo clan.

Hōjō Ujiyasu
Hōjō Ujiyasu (北条 氏康; 1515 – October 21, 1571) was a daimyō (warlord) and third head of the Odawara Hōjō clan. Known as the "Lion of Sagami", he was revered as a fearsome samurai and a cunning man. He is famous for his strategies of breaking the siege from Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin. A son of Hōjō Ujitsuna (北条 氏綱), his only known wife was Imagawa Yoshimoto's sister, Zuikei-in. Among his sons are Hōjō Ujimasa and Uesugi Kagetora.
Will Butler
William Pierce Butler (born October 6, 1982) is an American multi-instrumentalist and composer. He is best known as a former member of the indie rock band Arcade Fire, with whom he recorded six studio albums. Butler was a member of the band for eighteen years, between 2003 and 2021, and played synthesizer, bass, guitar and percussion. He is known for his spontaneity, energy and antics during live performances and is the younger brother of Arcade Fire frontman Win Butler. In 2010, he won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year as part of Arcade Fire.

In 2014, Butler was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score for his work on the original score of the 2013 film Her. In 2024, Butler was nominated for two Tony Awards for his orchestrations & score of the play Stereophonic, which itself was nominated for and won Best Play. Butler has released three solo studio albums – Policy (2015), Generations (2020), and Will Butler + Sister Squares (2023) – on Merge Records.

Win Butler
Edwin Farnham Butler III (born April 14, 1980) is an American-Canadian singer, songwriter, musician, and multi-instrumentalist. He co-founded the Montreal-based indie rock band Arcade Fire with Josh Deu and Régine Chassagne.
Job: A Masque for Dancing
Job: A Masque for Dancing is a one-act ballet produced in 1931. The scenario is by Geoffrey Keynes, the choreography by Ninette de Valois, and the music by Ralph Vaughan Williams. The ballet is based on the Book of Job from the Hebrew Bible and was inspired by the illustrated edition by William Blake. The music was first given in concert in 1930 and the ballet had its stage premiere on 5 July 1931. It was the first ballet to be produced by an entirely British creative team. It was taken into the repertoire of the Vic-Wells Ballet and its successors, and has been intermittently revived.

William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job
William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job primarily refers to a series of twenty-two engraved prints (published 1826) by Blake illustrating the biblical Book of Job. It also refers to two earlier sets of watercolours by Blake on the same subject (1806 and 1821). The engraved Illustrations are considered to be Blake's greatest masterpieces in the medium of engraving, and were also a rare commercial and critical success for Blake.
State Highway 24 (New Zealand)
State Highway 24 (SH 24) is a New Zealand state highway in the Waikato region. The highway was gazetted in 1997 and forms a short cut between the Matamata-Piako District and SH 29 towards the Port of Tauranga.

State Highway 29 (New Zealand)
State Highway 29 (SH 29) is a New Zealand state highway that travels over the Kaimai Ranges linking the Bay of Plenty and Waikato regions. For most of its length, SH 29 is a two-lane single carriageway with occasional passing lanes and slow vehicle bays. 5 km of it near its eastern terminus is part of the Takitimu Drive Toll Road.
Saamy Square
Saamy Square is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Hari and produced by Sun pictures. The film, which is the sequel to Saamy, stars Vikram in a dual role, while Keerthy Suresh, Aishwarya Rajesh, Bobby Simha, Prabhu and Soori appear in supporting roles. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad.

Saamy Square was released on 21 September 2018 to mixed reviews from critics and become a box office failure.

Saamy
Saamy (transl. God) is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Hari and produced by Pushpa Kandasamy under the banner of Kavithalayaa Productions and presented by K. Balachander. The film stars Vikram in the main lead role as DCP C. Aaru Saamy IPS. Trisha, Kota Srinivasa Rao (in his Tamil debut), Vijayakumar, Ramesh Khanna and Vivek play supporting roles. The music was composed by Harris Jayaraj, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Priyan and V. T. Vijayan, respectively.

Saamy was released on 1 May 2003 and became a commercial blockbuster at the box office. The film was remade in Telugu as Lakshmi Narasimha (2004), in Bengali as Barood (2004), in Kannada as Ayya (2005), and in Hindi as Policegiri (2013). Along with Kaakha Kaakha, the film started a trend of cop films in Tamil cinema. A sequel titled Saamy Square was released in 2018.
Lord George Russell
Major-General Lord George William Russell GCB (8 May 1790 – 16 July 1846) was a British soldier, politician and diplomat.  He was the second son of the 6th Duke of Bedford and brother to John Russell, the Whig and Liberal Prime Minister. Among his children were Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford, Arthur Russell, MP and diplomat Odo Russell.

John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford
John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford (6 July 1766 – 20 October 1839), known as Lord John Russell until 1802, was a British Whig politician who notably served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Ministry of All the Talents. He was the father of Prime Minister John Russell, 1st Earl Russell.
Alexander Creek, Alaska
Alexander (Dena'ina: Tuqen Kaq’) is an unincorporated community in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States.  An Alaska Native community with an Alaska Native Village Corporation, it lies on the Susitna River delta, near the mouth of Alexander Creek, and 27 miles (43 km) northwest of Anchorage, Alaska Cook Inlet Low. It is located within the boundaries of Susitna CDP.

Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska
Matanuska-Susitna Borough (often referred to as the Mat-Su Borough) is a borough located in the U.S. state of Alaska. Its borough seat is Palmer, and the largest incorporated community is  Wasilla. As of the 2020 census, the borough's population was 107,081.

The borough is part of the Anchorage Metropolitan Statistical Area, along with the municipality of Anchorage on its south.

The Mat-Su Borough is designated as so because it contains the entire Matanuska and Susitna Rivers. They empty into Cook Inlet, which is the southern border of the Mat-Su Borough. It is one of the few agricultural areas in Alaska.