hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra
Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra is a four-issue comic book mini-series published by Marvel Comics written by Greg Rucka with art by Salvador Larroca. Marvel characters Daredevil and Elektra are introduced to the Ultimate universe in the series in October 2002. A sequel to the series called Ultimate Elektra was released in August 2004.

Greg Rucka
Gregory Rucka (born November 29, 1969) is an American writer known for the series of novels starring his character Atticus Kodiak, the creator-owned comic book series Whiteout, Queen & Country, Stumptown and Lazarus, as well as lengthy runs on such titles as Detective Comics, Wonder Woman and Gotham Central for DC Comics, and Elektra, Wolverine and The Punisher for Marvel. He has written a substantial amount of supplemental material for a number of DC Comics' line-wide and inter-title crossovers, including "No Man's Land", "Infinite Crisis" and "New Krypton".

Rucka made his debut as a screenwriter with the screenplay for the 2020 film The Old Guard, based on his comic book series of the same name.
Orellanine
Orellanine or orellanin is a mycotoxin found in a group of mushrooms known as the Orellani within the family Cortinariaceae. Structurally, it is a bipyridine N-oxide compound somewhat related to the herbicide diquat.

Orellani
The Orellani are a group of seven related species in the genus Cortinarius that have been classified as a section of the subgenus Leprocybe or a subgenus in their own right. They are among world's most poisonous mushrooms as they contain the highly toxic compound orellanine. The best-known species are the deadly webcap (Cortinarius rubellus, formerly also known as C. speciosissimus or C. orellanoides) and the fool's webcap, C. orellanus.

The mushrooms' characteristics are quite common, making them difficult to identify, which often leads to fatal poisonings. Young examples of the species often have a veil between the cap of the mushroom and the stem. This veil looks like a cobweb, hence the name. The veil however partially or completely disappears in older specimens. Some other characteristics for each of the mushrooms are given below.
Captive (2015 film)
Captive is a 2015 American crime-drama thriller film directed by Jerry Jameson and written by Brian Bird and Reinhard Denke, based on the non-fiction book Unlikely Angel by Ashley Smith.

A true story about Brian Nichols, who escapes from the Fulton County courthouse in Atlanta on March 11, 2005 and holds Ashley Smith as a hostage, the film stars David Oyelowo as Nichols and Kate Mara as Smith. Filming began in October 2013 in North Carolina. The film was released worldwide on September 18, 2015 by Paramount Pictures.

The Purpose Driven Life
The Purpose Driven Life is a Bible study book written by Christian pastor Rick Warren and published by Zondervan in 2002. The book offers readers a 40-day personal spiritual journey and presents what Warren says are God's five purposes for human life on Earth.
Participative decision-making in organizations
Participative decision-making (PDM) is the extent to which employers allow or encourage employees to share or participate in organizational decision-making. According to Cotton et al., the format of PDM could be formal or informal. In addition, the degree of participation could range from zero to 100% in different participative management (PM) stages.

PDM is one of many ways in which an organization can make decisions. The leader must think of the best possible way that will allow the organization to achieve the best results. According to Abraham Maslow, workers need to feel a sense of belonging to an organization (see Maslow's hierarchy of needs).

Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. The decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.

Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.
Alfie Byrne
Alfred Byrne (17 March 1882 – 13 March 1956) was an Irish politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP), as a Teachta Dála (TD) and as Lord Mayor of Dublin. He was known as the "Shaking Hand of Dublin".

Lord Mayor of Dublin
The Lord Mayor of Dublin (Irish: Ardmhéara Bhaile Átha Cliath) is the honorary title of the chairperson (Irish: Cathaoirleach [ˈkahiːɾˠl̠ʲəx]) of Dublin City Council which is the local government body for the city of Dublin, the capital of Ireland. The incumbent, since June 2025, is Fine Gael councillor Ray McAdam. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the council.
Saverne
Saverne (French: Saverne, pronounced [savɛʁn] ⓘ; Alsatian: Zàwere [ˈd̥sɐːvəʁə]; German: Zabern [ˈtsaːbɐn] ⓘ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It is situated on the Rhine-Marne canal at the foot of a pass over the Vosges Mountains, and 45 km (27 mi) northwest of Strasbourg.

As of 2023, the population of the commune was 11,460. Saverne is the centre of an urban area with about 19,000 inhabitants.

Marne–Rhine Canal
The Canal de la Marne au Rhin (French pronunciation: [kanal də la maʁn o ʁɛ̃], Marne–Rhine Canal) is a canal in north-eastern France. It connects the river Marne and the Canal entre Champagne et Bourgogne in Vitry-le-François with the port of Strasbourg on the Rhine. The original objective of the canal was to connect Paris and the north of France with Alsace and Lorraine, the Rhine, and Germany. The 313 km (194 mi) long canal was the longest in France when it opened in 1853.
Tiarella wherryi
Tiarella wherryi is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. The specific epithet wherryi recognizes Edgar Wherry, the botanist who collected some of the first specimens in the early 1930s. Commonly called Wherry's foamflower, it is the southernmost of all species of Tiarella in the southeastern United States, where its range approaches the Gulf Coast in southern Alabama.

Tiarella stolonifera
Tiarella stolonifera is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. The specific name stolonifera means "spreading by stolons", an important characteristic of this species (not to be confused with Tiarella austrina, which also spreads by stolons). Known as the creeping foamflower, it has the widest range of any species of Tiarella in eastern North America.
Shangali
Shangali or Mangi Shangali Ndesserua Kombe (c. 1870s–1950s), also called Mangi Shangali of Machame (Mangi Shangali in Kichagga; Mfalme Shangali in Swahili), was a well-known monarch of the Chaga in the second half of the 19th century. He was the son of Mangi Ndesserua of Machame and a king of the Chagga. Mangi means king in Kichagga.

Ngalami
Ngalami or Ngalami Mmari (c. 1865–2 March 1900), also known as Mangi Ngalami of Siha, (Mangi Ngalami in Kichagga), (Mfalme Ngalami, in Swahili) of the House of Mmari was one of many kings of the Chagga. He was the king of one of the Chagga states, namely; the Siha Kingdom in what is now modern Siha District of Tanzania's Kilimanjaro Region from the 1880s to 1900. Mangi means king in Kichagga. Ngalami ruled from the Siha seat of Komboko (Kibong'oto) in the 1880s to 1900 when he was executed in Moshi by the Germans alongside 19 other Chagga, Meru and Arusha leaders. The execution of 19 noblemen and leaders on Friday 2nd of March 1900, included noblemen Thomas Kitimbo Kirenga, Sindato Kiutesha Kiwelu, King Meli of Moshi, King Lolbulu of Meru, King Rawaito of Arusha, King Marai of Arusha, and King Molelia of Kibosho.
Pollice verso
Pollice verso or verso pollice (Classical Latin: [ˈpɔlʲːɪke ˈu̯ɛrs̠oː]) is a Latin phrase, meaning "with a turned thumb", that is used in the context of gladiatorial combat. It refers to a hand gesture or thumb signal used by Ancient Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator following duels in colosseums.

The precise gesture described by the phrase pollice verso, and its meaning, are the subject of scholarly debate.

According to Anthony Corbeill, a classical studies professor who has extensively researched the practice, thumbs up signalled killing a gladiator, while "a closed fist with a wraparound thumb" meant sparing him.

Zoologist Desmond Morris describes human gestures of this type to be culturally determined and transmitted.

Anthony Corbeill
Anthony Philip Corbeill (born 30 December 1960) is an American professor of classics. He is currently the Basil L. Gildersleeve Professor of Classics at the University of Virginia. He was formerly a professor at the University of Kansas.
Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force
Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force are military decorations which are issued by the Department of the Air Force to airmen of the United States Air Force and guardians of the United States Space Force and members of other military branches serving under Air Force and Space Force commands.

The Department of the Air Force first began issuing awards and decorations in 1947. At that time, airmen were eligible to receive most U.S. Army decorations. In 1962, following the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Department of the Air Force began a concentrated effort to create its own distinctive awards, separate from the Army.

Airmen and guardians are also eligible to receive approved foreign awards and approved international decorations.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
Herleva
Herleva (c. 1005 – c. 1050) was an 11th-century Norman woman known for having been the mother of William the Conqueror, born to an extramarital relationship with Robert I, Duke of Normandy, and also of William's prominent half-brothers Odo of Bayeux and Robert, Count of Mortain, born to Herleva's marriage to Herluin de Conteville.

Odo of Bayeux
Odo of Bayeux (died 1097) was a Norman nobleman who was a bishop of Bayeux in Normandy and was made Earl of Kent in England following the Norman Conquest. He was the maternal half-brother of duke, and later king, William the Conqueror, and was, for a time, William's primary administrator in the Kingdom of England, although he was eventually tried for defrauding William's government.  It is likely Odo commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry, a large tableau of the Norman Conquest, perhaps to present to his brother William.  He later fell out with his brother over Odo's support for military adventures in Italy.  William, on his deathbed, freed Odo. Odo died in Palermo, Sicily, on the way to crusade.
La Unión, Lempira
La Unión is a municipality in the Honduran department of Lempira.

It is one of the smallest municipalities of the Lempira department; travel to La Unión is a challenge. One way is to go 75 km from Gracias city on the common road for La Iguala and San Rafael, about 3 km before San Rafael is a left turn. An additional 13 km must be travelled. Another way is via Santa Bárbara-El Nispero-San Jerónimo-San Rafael-La Unión; the first 3 locations are in Santa Bárbara department.

La Iguala
La Iguala (Spanish pronunciation: [lajˈɣwala]) is a municipality in the Honduran department of Lempira.

La Iguala is one of the oldest municipalities of the Lempira department. The municipality capital is also known as "La Iguala Centro". The access to this town is quite a challenge. Both ways will be briefly described here. The first one is to take the road to the other municipalities of San Rafael and La Unión, going up and down mountains for 30 km and through several communities. At "El Matazano" community is the detour for "La Iguala Centro" after 15 km. This second part of the journey from "El Matazano" is rough due to the conditions of the road. The alternate way takes 30 minutes but it is only recommended for four-wheel-drive vehicles, on the road the Belén at 12 km is located the deviations at "Los Siles" community.
Chaah
Chaah is a town and mukim in Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia. It is the southernmost mukim in the district, but it is administered as a suburb of Labis.

Chaah consists of Kampung and Taman Chaah Town, C-Block, Kampung Baru (residents are mostly Chinese), Kampung Java (Malay Kampung), Taman Damai Jaya I & II, Taman Sri Chaah, Taman Orkid, and is surrounded by oil palm plantations. Taman Chaah Baru (new Chaah garden) is 1 to 2 kilometres (0.6 to 1.2 mi) from Chaah Town.

About 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Chaah, there is a village named Desa Temu Jodoh. Established in the early 1970s, Desa Temu Jodoh got its name from the grand wedding ceremony among many couples of early settlers. The number of couples married during the wedding ceremony was said to be the largest at that time in Malaysia.

Labis
Labis is a town and a mukim (township) in Segamat District in northern Johor, Malaysia. A main trunk road that runs north-south Peninsular Malaysia passes through it, as well as the KTM railway line that connects it with the state's capital in the south, Johor Bahru.
Revolution on Ice
Revolution on Ice is the third and final studio album by Gumball. The album, released in 1994, was the only one  featuring new member Malcolm Riviera, of Velvet Monkeys, on keyboards and guitar.

It includes a cover of Blue Öyster Cult's "She's as Beautiful as a Foot" that features original BÖC Drummer Albert Bouchard.

Don Fleming (musician)
Donald Gene Fleming (born September 25, 1957) is an American musician and producer. Besides fronting a number of his own bands (Velvet Monkeys, B.A.L.L., and Gumball), Fleming has produced Sonic Youth, Screaming Trees, Teenage Fanclub and Hole.
Te Teko
Te Teko is a small inland town along the banks of the Rangitaiki River in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand's North Island.

The township includes a racecourse, golf course, police station, and a primary school.  The primary school was established in 1881.

Te Teko is in the rohe (tribal area) of the Ngāti Awa iwi.

Ngāti Awa
Ngāti Awa is a Māori iwi (tribe) centred in the eastern Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand. It is made of 22 hapū (subtribes), with 15,258 people claiming affiliation to the iwi in 2006. The Ngāti Awa people are primarily located in towns on the Rangitaiki Plain, including Whakatāne, Kawerau, Edgecumbe, Te Teko and Matatā. Two urban hapū also exist in Auckland (Ngāti Awa-ki-Tamaki) and Wellington (Ngāti Awa-ki-Poneke).
Myint Swe (writer)
Myint Swe (Burmese: မြင့်ဆွေ, pronounced [mjɪ̰ɴ sʰwè]; 25 July 1912 – 21 September 1978) was a Burmese physician and writer. He is known for his first book and memoir, The Japanese Era Rangoon General Hospital, which chronicles the events at the only hospital in Yangon (Rangoon) open to non-Japanese during the Japanese occupation of Burma. It was a bestseller, and won the Burma National Literature Award, 2nd Prize for 1967. He published three more books though none achieved the first book's success.

Prior to his literary career, the Mandalay-born Myint Swe had led a private practice in Yangon since 1952. He served as a principal physician with the title of Mahabhisaka at the Sixth Buddhist Council (1954–56), and regularly volunteered at the main hospital for monks until 1976. For his services to the country, Myint Swe was awarded the title of Wunna Kyawhtin, and the Order of Independence (Third Class) by the Burmese government.

The Japanese Era Rangoon General Hospital
The Japanese Era Rangoon General Hospital: Memoir of A Wartime Physician (Burmese: မှတ်မိသေးတယ် ဂျပန်ခေတ်ဆေးရုံကြီးဝယ်) is a memoir written by Myint Swe, first published in 1967. It chronicles the events at the only hospital in Yangon (Rangoon) open to non-Japanese during the Japanese occupation of Burma. The book includes the author's eyewitness accounts of hardship and struggles at the makeshift hospital as well as several key people of the era that were treated there, including: Aung San, Ne Win, Bo Letya, Bo Setkya, Thakin Than Tun, Thakin Mya, Ba Cho, Kyaw Nyein, Thakin Po Hla Gyi, Lanmadaw Po Tok, S. C. Bose, and J. R. Bhonsle.

The first edition won the Burma National Literature Award, 2nd Prize for 1967. The second edition of the book was published in 1968, and includes a few more sections. The second edition has been reprinted two times (2010 and 2015), and translated into English (2014).
Jackass: The Movie
Jackass: The Movie is a 2002 American reality slapstick comedy film directed by Jeff Tremaine. It is a continuation of the MTV television series Jackass, which had completed its run. It was produced by Lynch Siderow Productions and Dickhouse Productions. The film features most of the original Jackass cast, including leader Johnny Knoxville, Bam Margera, Chris Pontius, Steve-O, Dave England, Ryan Dunn, Wee Man, Preston Lacy and Danger Ehren. MTV Films and Paramount Pictures released the film to theaters on October 25, 2002. It grossed over $79 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics. It was followed by a sequel, Jackass Number Two (2006).

Ryan Dunn
Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 – June 20, 2011) was an American stunt performer, television personality, and actor. He was one of the stars of the MTV reality stunt show Jackass and its film franchise.

Born in Medina, Ohio, Dunn rose to fame in the late 1990s as a member of the CKY crew with his long-time friend Bam Margera, with whom he performed extreme stunts and pranks and recorded them on video, which led to the rise of Jackass in the early 2000s. He also hosted the TV series Homewrecker and Proving Ground, and appeared in the feature films Blonde Ambition and Street Dreams, as well as in Margera's films Haggard and Minghags. Dunn died in a car crash in 2011, while driving drunk, at the age of 34.
Anal Haq
Anal Haq (Arabic: أنا الحَق) is a short story based on the life of the Sufi Mansur Al-Hallaj, who was indicted and killed on charges of heresy. It is part of the short story anthology Anargha Nimisham, written by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer in typical Khalil Gibran style,

Anargha Nimisham
Anargha Nimisham (Invaluable Moment) is a collection of short stories in Malyalam by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer published in 1946. Unlike other works by Basheer which are filled with humour and satire, stories of Anargha Nimisham mostly deal with philosophical and spiritual aspects.
Maeda Matsu
Maeda Matsu (前田まつ), also known as Omatsu no Kata (お松の方) (1547–1617), was a Japanese noblewoman and aristocrat of the 16th century. She was the wife of Maeda Toshiie, who founded the Kaga Domain. Matsu had a reputation for intelligence; she was skilled at both literary and martial arts, she fought alongside her clan. Known for her fierce determination, Matsu was vitally important to the success of the Maeda clan, being at the forefront of many political and diplomatic issues. She was eternalized for saving the Maeda clan from Tokugawa Ieyasu in Battle of Sekigahara and Siege of Osaka.

Maeda Toshiie
Maeda Toshiie (前田 利家; January 15, 1538 – April 27, 1599) was one of the leading generals of Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century extending to the Azuchi–Momoyama period. His preferred weapon was a yari, and Matazaemon (又左衛門) was his common name; he was therefore known as Yari no Mataza (槍の又左). He was a member of the so-called Echizen Sanninshu (Echizen Triumvir) along with Sassa Narimasa and Fuwa Mitsuharu. The highest rank from the court that he received is the Great Counselor Dainagon (大納言).
Miles Nazaire
Miles James Nazaire (born 12 December 1995) is an English television personality, known for being a cast member on the E4 reality series Made in Chelsea (2018–present). He has also made appearances on other television shows including Celebrity Ex on the Beach (2020) and Celebs Go Dating (2022). In 2023, Nazaire fronted a documentary on Channel 4, titled Obsessed With My Muscles. He appeared as a contestant on the sixteenth series of Dancing on Ice in 2024.

Celebrity Ex on the Beach (British TV series) series 1
The first Celebrity series of Ex on the Beach and eleventh overall series began airing on 21 January 2020 with a 90-minute special, and concluded on 28 April following fifteen episodes making this the longest series to date. This series is billed as "Celebrity Ex on the Beach" based on the Brazilian version, it features a set of famous cast members. The series was filmed in Marbella.

The series follows the cancellation of the tenth regular series, which was set to air in early 2019, which was cancelled due to the death of cast member Mike Thalassitis. None of the other cast members for the tenth series were announced.
Alliance for the Future (Peru)
Alliance for the Future (Spanish: Alianza por el Futuro, AF) was a Peruvian electoral alliance formed by pro-Fujimori parties Cambio 90,  New Majority Siempre Unidos and Sí Cumple for the 2006 general election. Its presidential candidate was former President of the Congress and Congresswoman Martha Chávez Cossio.

Martha Chávez
Martha Gladys Chávez Cossío de Ocampo (born 12 January 1953) is a Peruvian Fujimorist politician and lawyer. A prominent figure of Fujimorism, she has served in Congress for six non-consecutive terms from 1995 to 2006 and from 2011 to 2016, and since 2020 to finish the 2016–2021 term that was interrupted by the dissolution of Congress. In the 2006 elections, she ran for the presidency, running on the Fujimorist Alliance for the Future ticket, but she lost, placing fourth in the election.
Jack Edmonds
Jack R. Edmonds (born April 5, 1934) is an American-born and educated computer scientist and mathematician who lived and worked in Canada for much of his life. He has made fundamental contributions to the fields of combinatorial optimization, polyhedral combinatorics, discrete mathematics and the theory of computing. He was the recipient of the 1985 John von Neumann Theory Prize.

John von Neumann Theory Prize
The John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
is awarded annually to an individual (or sometimes a group) who has made fundamental and sustained contributions to theory in operations research and the management sciences.

The Prize named after mathematician John von Neumann is awarded for a body of work, rather than a single piece. The Prize was intended to reflect contributions that have stood the test of time. The criteria include significance, innovation, depth, and scientific excellence.

The award is $5,000, a medallion and a citation.

The Prize has been awarded since 1975. The first recipient was George B. Dantzig for his work on linear programming.
Max–min inequality
In mathematics, the max–min inequality is as follows:

For any function

When equality holds one says that f, W, and Z satisfies a strong max–min property (or a saddle-point property). The example function  illustrates that the equality does not hold for every function.

A theorem giving conditions on f, W, and Z which guarantee the saddle point property is called a minimax theorem.

Minimax theorem
In the mathematical area of game theory and of convex optimization, a minimax theorem is a theorem that claims that

under certain conditions on the sets  and  and on the function . It is always true that the left-hand side is at most the right-hand side (max–min inequality) but equality only holds under certain conditions identified by minimax theorems. The first theorem in this sense is von Neumann's minimax theorem about two-player zero-sum games published in 1928, which is considered the starting point of game theory. Von Neumann is quoted as saying "As far as I can see, there could be no theory of games ... without that theorem ... I thought there was nothing worth publishing until the Minimax Theorem was proved". Since then, several generalizations and alternative versions of von Neumann's original theorem have appeared in the literature.