hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Stability Mechanism
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is an intergovernmental organization located in Luxembourg City, which operates under public international law for all eurozone member states having ratified a special ESM intergovernmental treaty. It was established on 27 September 2012 as a permanent firewall for the eurozone, to safeguard and provide instant access to financial assistance programmes for member states of the eurozone in financial difficulty, with a maximum lending capacity of €500 billion. It has replaced two earlier temporary EU funding programmes: the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM).

European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism
The European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM) is an emergency funding programme reliant upon funds raised on the financial markets and guaranteed by the European Commission using the budget of the European Union as collateral. It runs under the supervision of the Commission and aims at preserving financial stability in Europe by providing financial assistance to member states of the European Union in economic difficulty.

The Commission fund, backed by all 27 European Union member states, has the authority to raise up to €60 billion. The EFSM is rated AAA by Fitch, Moody's and Standard & Poor's. 
The EFSM has been operational since 10 May 2010.
Arkansas Highway 326
Highway 326 (AR 326, Ark. 326, and Hwy. 326) is a designation for two state highways in Pope County. One route of 9.96 miles (16.03 km) in Russellville begins at Highway 7 and Highway 7T and runs northeast to Highway 7. A second route of 6.52 miles (10.49 km) begins at Highway 124 and runs east to Highway 105. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Arkansas Highway 124
Arkansas Highway 124 is a designation for two state highways in Central Arkansas. The western segment of 72.17 miles (116.15 km) runs from Russellville to Rose Bud. An eastern segment of 9.17 miles (14.76 km) runs east in White County from Pangburn to Highway 157.
Shelby GLH-S
The Shelby GLH-S is a limited production series of sport compact automobiles from the mid-1980s based on the Dodge Omni and modified by Shelby American. Later the name would also be applied to a Shelby modified version of the Dodge Shelby Charger. The GLH-S models all used intercooled turbocharged 4-cylinder engines.

Dodge Charger (1981)
See also Dodge Charger for other models using this name.

The Dodge Charger (L-body) is a subcompact two-door hatchback/fastback built by Dodge from 1981 until 1987. It is based on Chrysler's front-wheel drive L platform. A companion model, the Plymouth Turismo, was also marketed.
Symphony No. 4 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 4 in B♭ major, Op. 60, is the fourth-published symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was composed in 1806 and premiered in March 1807 at a private concert in Vienna at the town house of Prince Lobkowitz. The first public performance was at the Burgtheater in Vienna in April 1808.

The symphony is in four movements. It is predominantly genial in tone, and has tended to be overshadowed by the weightier Beethoven symphonies that preceded and followed it – the Third Symphony (Eroica) and the Fifth. Although later composers including Berlioz, Mendelssohn and Schumann greatly admired the work, it has not become as widely known among the music-loving public as the Eroica, the Fifth and other Beethoven symphonies.

Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 (occasionally known as the Fate Symphony, German: Schicksalssinfonie), is a symphony composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1804 and 1808. It is one of the best-known of all symphonies and one of the most frequently played. First performed in Vienna in 1808, the work achieved its strong critical reputation not long afterward; E. T. A. Hoffmann described it as "one of the most important works of the time".

The Fifth Symphony has four movements. It begins with a distinctive four-note "short-short-short-long" motif, often characterized as "fate knocking at the door", the Schicksals-Motiv (fate motif):
Nuri (rocket)
Nuri (Korean: 누리; lit. world), also known as KSLV-II (Korean Space Launch Vehicle-II), is an expendable, three-stage-to-orbit, small-lift launch vehicle, the second one developed by South Korea and the successor to Naro-1 (KSLV-1). It is developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). All three stages use Korean developed launch vehicle engines, making Nuri the first orbital launch vehicle entirely developed and manufactured in South Korea.

Naro-1
Naro-1 (Korean: 나로호), previously designated the Korea Space Launch Vehicle or KSLV (also KSLV-1), was South Korea's first carrier rocket, and the first South Korean launch vehicle to achieve Earth orbit. On 30 January 2013, the third Naro-1 vehicle built successfully placed STSAT-2C into low Earth orbit.

The first stage was a modified Russian Angara  (Russian: Ангара) URM. The solid-fuel second stage was built by KARI, the national space agency of South Korea, and Korean Air.

Neither the maiden flight on 25 August 2009, nor the second flight on June 10, 2010, reached orbit. The third flight on 30 January 2013, successfully reached orbit.  The launches took place from the Naro Space Center. The official name of the first KSLV rocket, KSLV-I, is Naro, which is the name of the region in which Naro Space Center is located. Since Naro's retirement, the South Korean government has announced the rocket Nuri as its replacement and successor.
Aero Engine Controls
Aero Engine Controls is the former name of Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services. The company produces engine control software, electronic engine controls (EEC), fuel metering units (FMU), fuel pumps and engine actuators for a large number of common commercial and military aircraft. Together these parts comprise the control system for a jet engine, responsible for delivering the correct amount of fuel and maintaining engine safety.

Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services
Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services Limited provides safety critical controls and asset intelligence products for industrial power, marine, civil and military aerospace. It produces engine control software, electronic engine controls (EEC), fuel metering units (FMU), fuel pumps and engine actuators for a large number of common commercial and military aircraft. Together these parts comprise the control system for a jet engine, responsible for delivering the correct amount of fuel and maintaining engine safety.
Kentucky Route 686
Kentucky Route 686 (KY 686) is a 6.333-mile (10.192 km) state highway around the city of Mount Sterling, Kentucky. The route begins at Kentucky Route 11 and U.S. Route 460 north of the city and goes counter-clockwise, ending at U.S. Route 60 east of downtown. The western portion of the bypass from KY 11 south of the city to US 460 north of the city was completed in late 1985 as a four-lane highway. East of the southern junction with US 460 to the eastern terminus at US 60, KY 686 is a 2.827-mile (4.550 km) two-lane highway on a four-lane right-of-way and was completed in the early 2000s.

Kentucky Route 11
Kentucky Route 11 (KY 11) is an American highway maintained by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet that runs from Maysville to Barbourville. The route from Maysville to Mount Sterling is being upgraded on a new alignment as part of a "macro-corridor" within the state of Kentucky.
Juniper berry
A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers. It is not a true berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged scales called a galbulus, which gives it a berry-like appearance. The cones from a handful of species, especially Juniperus communis, are used as a spice, particularly in European cuisine, and also give gin its distinctive flavour. Juniper berries are among the few spices derived from conifers, along with spruce buds.

Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae. An evergreen conifer, it has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a Holarctic distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere.
Elk Creek (Rogue River tributary)
Elk Creek is an 18-mile (29 km) tributary of the Rogue River in the U.S. state of Oregon. Beginning at 4,931 feet (1,503 m) above sea level in the western foothills of the Cascade Range, it flows generally southwest through the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Elk Creek Project lands to Rogue Elk Park in Jackson County. Here the creek enters the Rogue River 5.25 miles (8.45 km) downstream from Lost Creek Lake and 3.2 miles (5.1 km) river miles upstream of the small town of Trail. Elk Creek Dam, an incomplete flood-control structure that blocked fish migration for more than 20 years, was partly demolished in 2008 to restore endangered anadromous fish passage.

Lost Creek Lake
Lost Creek Lake is a reservoir located on the Rogue River in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. The lake is impounded by William L. Jess Dam which was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1977 for flood control and fisheries enhancement. The lake and dam were the first completed elements of the multi-purpose Rogue River Basin Project, consisting of Lost Creek Lake, Applegate Lake and the Elk Creek project. The lake is located approximately 27 miles (43 km) (straight line) northeast of Medford.
Diocese of Fushun
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Fushun (Latin: Fuscioenen(sis), Chinese: 撫順) is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan of Shenyang 瀋陽 in PR China.

Its cathedral episcopal see is a Cathedral of St. Joseph, located in the city of Fushun.

Archdiocese of Shenyang
The Archdiocese of Shenyang (Latin: Fomtienen(sis), Chinese: 瀋陽, 奉天) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese in northeastern PR China.

Its cathedral episcopal see is a Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in the city of Shenyang, capital of Liaoning Province.
WJCT
WJCT, Inc. is a non-profit public media organization in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It operates PBS member television station WJCT "Jax PBS" (channel 7) and NPR member radio station WJCT-FM 89.9, as well as their associated digital platforms. The company's studios and offices are located on Festival Park Avenue in the Stadium District in downtown Jacksonville.

WJCT (TV)
WJCT (channel 7), branded Jax PBS, is a PBS member television station in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It is owned by WJCT, Inc., alongside NPR member WJCT-FM 89.9. The two outlets share studios on Festival Park Avenue in Downtown Jacksonville's Stadium District; the TV station's transmitter is located on Hogan Road in the city's Killarney Shores section.
Tecumseh, Michigan
Tecumseh (/təˈkʌmˌsi/ tə-CUM-see) is a city in Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan, near the River Raisin. Tecumseh is about 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Detroit, 25 miles (40 km) south of Ann Arbor, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Toledo, Ohio. The main street of downtown is Chicago Boulevard, also designated as M-50. It crosses the River Raisin a few miles east of M-52.

As of the 2020 census, Tecumseh had a population of 8,680.

The city is surrounded on three sides by Tecumseh Township, but the two are politically independent. Raisin Township borders the southern edge of the city. In 2009 the city was rated by CNNMoney as #93 among the 100 best small towns to live in.

Tecumseh Township, Michigan
Tecumseh Township is a civil township of Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,042 at the 2020 census. The city of Tecumseh is surrounded by three sides by the Township.  The township was first organized in 1827.
Venice, Louisiana
Venice is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. Located at the southern tip of the Mississippi River Delta, it lies about 77 miles (124 km) south of New Orleans on the west bank of the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 162.

Venice is the last community along the Mississippi River accessible by automobile via Louisiana Highway 23, and it serves as the southern terminus of the Great River Road. This location has earned it the nickname "The end of the world.”

In 2001, the combined population of Venice and the neighboring communities of Orchard and Boothville was about 2,740 people, with approximately 975 families; about 460 of those residents lived in Venice.

Venice is known for commercial fishing, sport fishing, and offshore oil and gas services, and serves as a departure point for anglers heading to Port Eads near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Boothville, Louisiana
Boothville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. Its population was 854 as of the 2010 census, and 718 at the 2020 U.S. census.

Jeré Longman of The New York Times stated that before Hurricane Katrina in 2005 the community served as "a hub of the fishing and oil and gas industries; as of September 2023 the Times listed it as "(inundated").
Royal Welsh
The Royal Welsh (R WELSH) (Welsh: Y Cymry Brenhinol) is an armoured infantry regiment of the British Army. It was established in 2006 from the Royal Welch Fusiliers (23rd Foot) and the Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot).

Royal Regiment of Wales
The Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot) was an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Prince of Wales' Division. It was formed in 1969 by the amalgamation of the South Wales Borderers and the Welch Regiment. The 1st Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot) had a short existence in military terms, just over 36 years. Within two months of amalgamation, the battalion was one of the first units to be deployed to Northern Ireland.

In 2006, the regiment amalgamated with the Royal Welch Fusiliers to form the Royal Welsh.
Elaheh Mansourian
Elaheh Mansourian (Persian: الهه منصوریان, born 21 September 1991, Semirom, Isfahan) is an Iranian wushu athlete who competes in the sanda 52 and 65 kg divisions. She held the world title in 2013, 2017 and 2019 and won three medals at the Asian Games in 2014–2018.

Her sisters Shahrbanoo and Soheila Mansourian are also world champions in wushu.

Shahrbanoo Mansourian
Shahrbanoo Mansourian (Persian: شهربانو منصوریان, born 28 January 1986, Semirom, Isfahan) is an Iranian wushu athlete who competes in the sanda division. She is a five-time world champion (2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019).

Her sisters Elaheh Mansourian and Soheila Mansourian are also wushu world champions.
Alliant Techsystems
Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) was an American aerospace and arms manufacturer headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia. The company operated across 22 states, Puerto Rico, and internationally. ATK revenue in fiscal year 2014 was about US$4.8 billion.

On April 29, 2014, ATK announced that it would spin off its Sporting Group and merge its Aerospace and Defense Groups with Orbital Sciences Corporation.

The spinoff of the Sporting Group to create Vista Outdoor and the merger leading to the creation of Orbital ATK were completed on February 9, 2015. The companies began operations as separate entities on February 20, 2015. Orbital ATK was bought by Northrop Grumman in 2018.

Vista Outdoor
Vista Outdoor Inc. was an American designer, manufacturer, and marketer that operated in two segments: shooting sports and outdoor products. It was a "house of brands" with more than 40 labels and subsidiaries.

Vista Outdoor was the parent company to many ammunition makers, including Federal, CCI, and Remington.

In November 2024, Vista Outdoor separated its outdoor products business into an independent, publicly traded company, Revelyst, and the shooting products business, named The Kinetic Group, became a wholly owned subsidiary of Czechoslovak Group. Revelyst was subsequently acquired by Strategic Value Partners in January 2025.
Collaborative consumption
Collaborative consumption is the set of those resource circulation systems in which consumers both "obtain" and "provide", temporarily or permanently, valuable resources or services through direct interaction with other consumers or through a mediator. It is sometimes paired with the concept of the "sharing economy". Collaborative consumption is not new; it has always existed (e.g. in the form of flea markets, swap meets, garage sales, car boot sales, and second-hand shops).

In 2011, collaborative consumption was named one of Time magazine's 10 ideas that will change the world.

Sharing economy
The sharing economy is a socio-economic system whereby consumers share in the creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods, and services. These systems take a variety of forms, often leveraging information technology and the Internet, particularly digital platforms, to facilitate the distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services.

It can be facilitated by nonprofit organizations, usually based on the concept of book-lending libraries, in which goods and services are provided for free (or sometimes for a modest subscription) or by commercial entities, in which a company provides a service to customers for profit.

It relies on the will of the users to share and the overcoming of stranger danger.

It provides benefits, for example can lower the GHG emissions of products by 77%-85%.
Ludmila of Bohemia
Ludmila of Bohemia (c. 860 – 15 September 921) is a Czech saint and martyr venerated by Catholic and Orthodox Christians. She was born in Mělník as the daughter of the Sorbian prince Slavibor. Saint Ludmila was the grandmother of Saint Wenceslaus, who is widely referred to as Good King Wenceslaus. Saint Ludmila was canonized shortly after her death. As part of the process of canonization, in 925, Wenceslaus moved her remains to St. George's Basilica, Prague.

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav [ˈvaːtslaf] ⓘ; c. 907 – 28 September 935), Wenceslas I or Václav the Good was the Prince (kníže) of Bohemia from 921 until his death, probably in 935.  According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother, Boleslaus the Cruel.

His martyrdom and the popularity of several biographies gave rise to a reputation for heroic virtue that resulted in his sainthood. He was posthumously declared to be a king and patron saint of the Czech state. He is the subject of the well-known "Good King Wenceslas", a carol for Saint Stephen's Day.
Abdul Majid Giaka
Abdul Majid Giaka (/ˈɑːbdʊl məˈdʒiːd ˈdʒaɪɑːkə/ ⓘ AHB-duul mə-JEED JY-ah-kə; born 1960) is an alleged double agent who defected from Jamahiriya el-Mukhabarat (Libyan intelligence service) and became a CIA asset in August 1988.

Giaka's testimony at the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial in September 2000, which led to the conviction of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi of sabotaging Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988, was called into question by the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission in June 2007.

Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial
The Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial began on 3 May 2000, more than 11 years after the destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988. The 36-week bench trial took place at a specially convened Scottish Court in the Netherlands set up under Scots law and held at a disused United States Air Force base called Camp Zeist near Utrecht.
Heart West
Heart West is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global as part of the Heart network. It broadcasts in South West England.

The station launched on 3 June 2019, following a merger of four Heart stations in Bristol and Somerset, Devon and Cornwall, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire.

Heart West Country
Heart West Country was a regional radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Heart network, broadcasting to Bristol and Somerset.

It launched on 16 July 2010 as a result of a merger between Heart Bristol (formerly GWR FM), Heart Bath (formerly GWR FM Bath) and Heart Somerset (formerly Orchard FM).
Canapé (furniture)
A canapé is a piece of furniture similar to a couch.  The word is typically meant to describe an elegant couch made out of elaborately carved wood with wooden legs, an upholstered back, armrests, and a single long seat (instead of separate cushions) that typically seats three, that emerged from France in the 18th century.

A style created during the Louis XV and Louis XVI periods, similar yet different from designs used by Thomas Chippendale, it later became popular in the United States during the 19th century.

Its shape is distinct from other sofas of the period, including the divan and chaise longue, but does include several forms.

Frequently, matching chairs were made to accompany it. Precious hardwoods such as walnut, cherry, and mahogany were often used in its construction.

Currently, the term is used in world furniture design and retail as a variation on sofa, except where antiques or reproductions of 18th-century designs are concerned.

Couch
A couch, also known as a sofa, settee, chesterfield, or davenport, is a cushioned piece of furniture that can seat multiple people. It is commonly found in the form of a bench with upholstered armrests and is often fitted with springs and tailored cushion and pillows. Although a couch is used primarily for seating, it may be used for sleeping. In homes, couches are normally put in the family room, living room, den, or lounge. They are sometimes also found in non-residential settings such as hotels, lobbies of commercial offices, waiting rooms, and bars. Couches can also vary in size, color, and design.
Upper Saranac Lake
Upper Saranac Lake is one of three connected lakes, part of the Saranac River, in the towns of Santa Clara and Harrietstown, near the village of Saranac Lake in the Adirondacks in northern New York. Upper Saranac Lake is the sixth largest lake in the Adirondacks.  With Middle Saranac Lake and Lower Saranac Lake, a 17-mile (27 km) paddle with only one carry is possible. There are 20 primitive campsites accessible by boat available on a first-come basis. Upper Saranac Lake is also known as Sin-ha-lo-nen-ne-pus.

The 37 miles of shoreline is 54 percent privately owned, and much of it is lined with "camps", ranging from true Great Camps to small weekend cottages. The lake, along with both Middle and Lower Saranac Lakes, is also part of the 740-mile Northern Forest Canoe Trail, which begins in Old Forge, NY and ends in Fort Kent, ME.

Lower Saranac Lake
Lower Saranac Lake is one of three connected lakes, part of the Saranac River, near the village of Saranac Lake in the Adirondacks in northern New York. With Middle Saranac Lake and Upper Saranac Lake, a 17-mile (27 km) paddle with only one portage is possible.  The Saranac Lake Islands Public Campground provides 87 campsites on inlands in Lower and Middle Saranac Lake. In addition to the Saranac River, it is fed by nearby Lake Colby, Fish Creek, and Lilly Pad Pond. Lower Saranac Lake is located in the town of Harrietstown, New York. The lake, along with both Upper and Middle Saranac Lakes, is also part of the 740-mile Northern Forest Canoe Trail, which begins in Old Forge, NY and ends in Fort Kent, ME.
Bonanza Hills, Texas
Bonanza Hills is a census-designated place in Webb County, Texas, United States. The population was 37 at the 2010 census. This was a new CDP, formed from parts of the Botines CDP and additional area prior to the 2010 census.

Botines, Texas
Botines is a census-designated place (CDP) in Webb County, Texas, United States. The population was 149 at the 2020 census. Botines is located 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Laredo. The town's name originates from the Spanish term botín, which means buskin, boot, or legging.

It is one of several colonias in the county.