hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.

Chiefdom
A chiefdom is a political organization of people represented or governed by a chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless, state analogue or early state system or institution.

Usually a chief's position is based on kinship, which is often monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites can form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group.

Chiefdoms and chiefs are sometimes identified as the same as kingdoms and kings, and therefore understood as monarchies, particularly when they are understood as not necessarily states, but having monarchic representation or government.
Adult Swim Yule Log
Adult Swim Yule Log (also titled The Fireplace) is a surreal black comedy horror film that originally aired as a special on Adult Swim on December 11, 2022. It was created, written, and directed by Casper Kelly, and produced by Williams Street. Created in secret by Kelly, the film initially presents itself as a holiday footage video of a fireplace located inside a vacation cabin, before eventually giving way to a surprise meta-horror plot occurring within the cabin, and involving the fireplace itself. Adult Swim's first horror film, it was met with generally favorable reviews.

A sequel Adult Swim Yule Log 2: Branchin' Out aired on December 6, 2024.

Adult Swim Yule Log 2: Branchin' Out
Adult Swim Yule Log 2: Branchin' Out is a surreal romantic comedy horror film that originally aired as a special on Adult Swim on December 6, 2024. It was created, written, and directed by Casper Kelly, and produced by Williams Street. Created as a sequel to his previous film, Adult Swim Yule Log (also titled The Fireplace), the follows the events of the earlier film, where the surviving protagonist, Zoe, must navigate the traumatic horror movie experiences she suffered while trying to move on with her life, before finding herself inadvertently trapped within a traditional Christmas romantic comedy. The film serves as a meta commentary on both the horror movie and traditional Hallmark Christmas romantic comedy genres.

The film aired on December 6, 2024, at midnight on Adult Swim and was also made available for streaming on Max on December 7, 2024.
January 2017 Melbourne car attack
On 20 January 2017, around 1:30 pm AEDT on a busy Friday, a car was deliberately driven into pedestrians along Bourke Street in the Melbourne central business district, Victoria, Australia. Six people were killed and twenty-six were seriously injured. The driver of the vehicle, James "Dimitrious" Gargasoulas, who was in a drug-induced psychosis, was subsequently found guilty of six counts of murder and was sentenced to life in prison with a non-parole period of 46 years.

Bourke Street
Bourke Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tram thoroughfare.

During the Marvellous Melbourne era, Bourke Street was the location of many of the city's theatres and cinemas. Today it continues as a major retail shopping precinct with the Bourke Street Mall running between Elizabeth and Swanston Streets, numerous offices to the west end and restaurants to the east. Its liveliness and activity has often been contrasted with the sobering formality of nearby Collins Street. For this reason, "Busier than Bourke Street" is a popular colloquialism denoting a crowded or busy environment.

Bourke Street is named for Irish-born British Army officer Sir Richard Bourke, who served as the Governor of New South Wales from 1831 and 1837 during the drafting of the Hoddle Grid.
Military College of Signals
The Military College of Signals (reporting name: MCS) is a direct reporting detachment and the military college located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

The military college provides training and engineering education on signals intelligence and processing, cryptography, cyber security, computers, electronics, and telecommunication engineering for its cadets to be commissioned in the Corps of Signals of the Pakistan Army.

However, the admission to the college is not restricted as civilians can also apply and granted admissions to the college as the Military College of Signals is also a constituent college of the National University of Sciences & Technology.

Pakistan Army Corps of Signals
The Pakistan Army Corps of Signals is a military administrative and a combined arms branch of the Pakistan Army. Headquartered in the Army GHQ, the Corps of Signals oversees the communications, information system, and computer security for the command and control of the joint and combined arms uniformed forces of the Pakistani military.: 394

Since 2023 the Corps has been overseen by its Signal Officer-in-Chief, Major-General Muhammad Ali Khan.
Kim Sanghwan
Kim Sanghwan (Korean: 김상환; Hanja: 金尙煥, born 27 January 1966) is a South Korean jurist who has served since 2025 as the 9th president of the Constitutional Court of Korea. He has been described as progressive bloc of the Constitutional Court.

President of the Constitutional Court of Korea
The president of the Constitutional Court of Korea (Korean: 헌법재판소장; Hanja: 憲法裁判所長; RR: Heonbeopjaepansojang) is the chief justice of the Constitutional Court of Korea. As presiding judge of a full bench composed of nine justices, the president represents the Constitutional Court of Korea.

The president of the Constitutional Court of Korea is regarded as one of two equivalent heads of judicial branch in Government of South Korea. The second is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Korea. The equivalent status of the president of the Constitutional Court to the chief justice is guaranteed by article 15 of Constitutional Court Act. Kim Sang-hwan is the current president of the Constitutional Court of Korea.
African Football League
The African Football League (AFL) was a continental men's club football competition organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). It was announced on 28 November 2019 by Gianni Infantino, president of FIFA and it was initially launched as the Africa Super League on 10 August 2022 in Tanzania and was to include twenty-four elite African clubs with a promotion and relegation system. The inaugural edition in 2023 was scaled down to eight teams by exception and won by Mamelodi Sundowns. The competition has not been played since.

2023 African Football League
The 2023 African Football League was the first and only edition of Africa's international club football tournament, the African Football League, organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

This season was meant to be a precursor tournament to the full fledged version, which will start in the 2024–25 season, after being delayed a year.
Margin at risk
The Margin-at-Risk (MaR) is a quantity used to manage short-term liquidity risks due to variation of margin requirements, i.e. it is a financial risk occurring when trading commodities. It is similar to the Value-at-Risk (VaR), but instead of simulating EBIT it returns a quantile of the (expected) cash flow distribution.

To do so,  MaR requires (1) a currency, (2) a confidence level (e.g. 90%) and (3) a holding period (e.g. 3 days).
The idea is that a given portfolio loss will be compensated by a margin call by the same amount.
The MaR quantifies the "worst case" margin-call and is only driven by market prices.

Margin (finance)
In finance, margin is the collateral that a holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty (most often a broker or an exchange) to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty. This risk can arise if the holder has done any of the following:

Borrowed cash from the counterparty to buy financial instruments,

Borrowed financial instruments to sell them short,

Entered into a derivative contract.

The collateral for a margin account can be the cash deposited in the account or securities provided, and represents the funds available to the account holder for further share trading. On United States futures exchanges, margins were formerly called performance bonds. Most of the exchanges today use SPAN ("Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk") methodology, which was developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1988, for calculating margins for options and futures.
Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation
The Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation (CJCUC) is an educational institution at which Christians who tour Israel can study the Hebrew Bible with Orthodox rabbis and learn about the Hebraic roots of Christianity. The center was established in Efrat in 2008 by Rabbi Dr. Shlomo Riskin, who has been described as "the most prominent rabbinic spokesperson to Christian Zionists". CJCUC partners with major Christian interfaith organizations such as Christians United for Israel and the International Christian Embassy Jerusalem. Since Riskin's retirement as president of Ohr Torah Stone in 2018, the overseeing of all CJCUC activities has been turned over to David Nekrutman who has served as the center's chief director since its inception.

Shlomo Riskin
Shlomo Riskin (Hebrew: שלמה ריסקין; born May 28, 1940) is an Orthodox rabbi, and the founding rabbi of Lincoln Square Synagogue on the Upper West Side of New York City, which he led for 20 years; founding chief rabbi of the Israeli settlement of Efrat in the Israeli-occupied West Bank; former dean of Manhattan Day School in New York City; and founder and Chancellor of the Ohr Torah Stone Institutions, a network of high schools, colleges, and graduate Programs in the United States and Israel.
Cypriot Second Division
The Cypriot Second Division (Greek: Πρωτάθλημα Β΄ Κατηγορίας) is the second highest football division of the Cypriot football league system.

Administered by the Cyprus Football Association, it is contested by 16 teams, with the top three teams being promoted to the Cypriot First Division and the last three teams being relegated to the Cypriot Third Division.

Cypriot Third Division
The Cypriot Third Division (Greek: Πρωτάθλημα Γ΄ Κατηγορίας) is the third highest football division of the Cypriot football league system.

Administered by the Cyprus Football Association, it is contested by 16 teams, with the top three teams being promoted to the Cypriot Second Division and the last three teams being relegated to the STOK Elite Division.
Newnham, Hertfordshire
Newnham is a small village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) north of the town of Baldock. It shares a grouped parish council with the neighbouring parish of Caldecote. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 88.

Caldecote, Hertfordshire
Caldecote is a small village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 3 miles (5 km) north of Baldock, its post town, and around a mile and a half east of Stotfold in the neighbouring county of Bedfordshire. The Great North Road (A1) passes just to the west of the village. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 13.
Merle Reskin Theatre
The Merle Reskin Theatre is a performing arts venue located in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. Originally named the Blackstone Theatre it was built in 1910. Renamed the Merle Reskin Theatre in 1992, it is now part of DePaul University, and is also used for events and performances of other groups. It serves as the home of the Chicago Playworks for Families and Young Audiences series produced by The Theatre School of DePaul.

The theater was designed by Marshall and Fox, and developed by Tracy C. Drake and John Drake of Drake Hotel fame on the former site of Timothy Blackstone's mansion, adjacent to the Blackstone Hotel.  The theater has a history of live performances that have often been touring productions of hit and prize-winning shows.

The Blackstone Hotel
The Blackstone Hotel is a historic 290-foot (88 m) 21-story hotel on the corner of Michigan Avenue and Balbo Drive in the Michigan Boulevard Historic District in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. Built between 1908 and 1910, it is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Blackstone is famous for hosting celebrity guests, including numerous U.S. presidents, for which it was known as the "Hotel of Presidents" for much of the 20th century, and for contributing the term "smoke-filled room" to political parlance.
Telephone numbers in the Faroe Islands
Telephone numbers in the Faroe Islands have used a closed numbering plan, with 6-digit subscriber numbers, since 1998. Numbers are usually printed in three groups of two digits; for example, Tórshavn municipality's city hall has the telephone number 30 20 10.

Unusually for countries in Europe, the International Telecommunication Union assigned to the Faroe Islands a country calling code beginning with the digit "2", usually allocated to countries in Africa. At the time, all country codes beginning with "3" and "4", reserved for countries in Europe, were already in use. Originally, telephone numbers in the Faroe Islands could be reached using the country code for Denmark, +45, followed by the area code 42.

Calls to Denmark require the use of the international access code 00 and country code 45; previously, only the digit 0 was required before the subscriber's eight-digit number, with calls to the rest of the world using the international access code 009 and the country code.

Telephone numbers in Denmark
Denmark generally uses an eight-digit closed telephone numbering plan. Subscriber numbers are portable with respect to provider and geography, i.e. fixed line numbers can be ported to any physical address in Denmark.

The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous regions, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, although each has been assigned its own country calling code and has a separate numbering plan. Previously, the Faroe Islands also used the country code +45.
Kurt Jonas
Kurt Jonas (1914–1942) was a German-South African architect. As a disciple of Modernist architecture, he was part of what Le Corbusier termed Le Groupe Transvaal, together with Harold Le Roith, Rex Distin Martienssen, John Fassler, Bernard Cooke, Duncan Howie, Monte Bryer and Roy Kantorowich. According to the architect and architectural historian, Clive Chipkin, Jonas was "aware of the need that the new architecture and fundamental social change in South Africa should be complimentary."

Harold Le Roith
Harold "Harry" Hirsch Le Roith (24 March 1905 – 4 July 1995) was a 
South African architect. He was a key figure in modern architecture in South Africa in the twentieth century. He is mostly known for designing residential buildings and synagogues in Johannesburg. His notable designs include Radoma Court and Temple Emanuel.
Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.

Piston
A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Christchurch
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Christchurch (Dioecesis Christopolitana) is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Wellington. Its cathedral and see city are located in Christchurch, the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand. It was formed on 5 May 1887 from a portion of the territory of the Diocese of Wellington, which was elevated to archdiocese later that same month.

Archdiocese of Wellington
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wellington is the metropolitan archdiocese of New Zealand. Catholics number about 83,214 (2006 census). Parishes number 22 and the archdiocese extends over central New Zealand between Levin and Masterton in the north to Kaikoura to Westport in the south.

The suffragan sees are:

Auckland

Christchurch

Dunedin

Hamilton, New Zealand

Palmerston North
Salvadora Debayle
Ana Salvadora Debayle Sacasa de Somoza García (27 May 1895 – 1 February 1987) was the First Lady of Nicaragua during the presidency of her husband, the dictator Anastasio Somoza Garcia.

She was the mother of Lillian Somoza Debayle, Luis Somoza Debayle and Anastasio Somoza Debayle. She was popularly known as Doña Salvadorita and among her relatives Mama Yoya.

Anastasio Somoza Debayle
Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (Spanish: [anasˈtasjo soˈmosa ðeˈβajle]; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was a Nicaraguan politician, military officer, hydraulic engineer, and dictator who served as the 53rd President of Nicaragua from 1967 to 1972 and again from 1974 until his fall in 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was de facto ruler of the country between 1967 and 1979, even during the period when he was not the de jure ruler.

Somoza Debayle succeeded his older brother, Luis Somoza Debayle, in office. He was the last member of the Somoza family to be president, ending a dynasty that had been in power since 1937.  After insurgents led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Spanish: Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional; FSLN) were closing in on Managua in July 1979, Somoza fled Nicaragua. Power was ceded to the Junta of National Reconstruction.  He was assassinated in 1980 while in exile in Paraguay.
German submarine U-2338
German submarine U-2338 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 20 September 1943, and was laid down on 10 August 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 492. She was launched on 18 September 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Dietrich Kaiser on 9 October 1944.

Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote ("electric boats") to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
SHAPE Community Center
SHAPE Community Center is a community center located in the Third Ward area of Houston, Texas. Founded on June 1, 1969 by Lynn Eusan and Deloyd Parker, SHAPE is an acronym for Self Help for African People through Education. The center provides an array of multi-service programs, such as child care, after school programs, support groups, workshops, elder care, legal assistance, business incubation, and community enrichment events. In 2023, SHAPE Community Center was designated one of eleven "Houston Cultural Treasures" by the BIPOC Arts Network and Fund for its work exposing Houston residents to the arts.

Since 1979, SHAPE has organized its Pan-African Cultural Festival on May 25 in celebration of Africa Day. The festival's purpose is to raise awareness of African history and culture among Black people in Houston. It has grown from 100 attendees in its first year to more than 1,000 coming to experience performances, food, and vendors.

Third Ward, Houston
Third Ward is an area of Houston, Texas, United States which evolved from one of the six historic wards of the same name. It is located in the southeast Houston management district.

Third Ward, located inside the 610 Loop is immediately southeast of Downtown Houston and to the east of the Texas Medical Center. The ward became the center of Houston's African-American community. Third Ward is nicknamed "The Tre".

Robert D. Bullard, a sociologist teaching at Texas Southern University, stated that Third Ward is "the city's most diverse black neighborhood and a microcosm of the larger black Houston community."
Fraser Canyon
The Fraser Canyon is a major landform of the Fraser River where it descends rapidly through narrow rock gorges in the Coast Mountains en route from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia to the Fraser Valley.  Colloquially, the term "Fraser Canyon" is often used to include the Thompson Canyon from Lytton to Ashcroft, since they form the same highway route which most people are familiar with, although it is actually reckoned to begin above Williams Lake at Soda Creek Canyon near the town of the same name.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.