hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit
The WRBU closed in March of 2025 due to cuts in the Army budget.

The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit ("WRBU") was a US Army organization that conducts laboratory and field research on the systematics of medically important arthropods in support of epidemiological investigations and disease prevention and control strategies of importance to the military. Research is carried out worldwide, within geographic or faunistic restrictions of the material available and military requirements. Research efforts focus on the development of accurate and reliable means of identifying vectors of arbopathogens of humans.

The WRBU also performs arthropod collections management for the Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History mosquito collection and maintains a molecular entomology laboratory within the Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center for joint use of WRBU and National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) personnel.

Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History
The Department of Entomology is a research department and collection unit of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), located in Washington, D.C. The department houses the U.S. National Insect Collection, one of the largest entomological collections in the world, with over 35 million specimens housed in 132,354 drawers, 33,000 jars or vials, and 23,000 slides in more than 5,200 cabinets. The department also includes research scientists and technical staff from the Smithsonian Institution, the United States Department of Agriculture Systematic Entomology Lab (SEL) and USDA APHIS National Identification Services, and United States Department of Defense Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU; decommissioned in 2025).
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might is a 1990 Japanese anime science fantasy martial arts film and the third Dragon Ball Z feature film. It was originally released in Japan on July 7 between episodes 54 and 55 of DBZ, at the "Toei Anime Fair" film festival, where it was shown as part of an Akira Toriyama-themed triple feature titled Toriyama Akira: The World (the other two films were anime versions of his one-shot stories Kennosuke-sama and Pink). It was preceded by Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest and followed by Dragon Ball Z: Lord Slug.

Dragon Ball Z: Lord Slug
Dragon Ball Z: Lord Slug is a 1991 Japanese animated science fiction martial arts film and the fourth Dragon Ball Z feature film. It was originally released in Japan on March 9 between episodes 81 and 82 at the Toei Anime Fair as part of a double feature with the first Magical Taruruto-kun film. It was preceded by Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might and followed by Dragon Ball Z: Cooler's Revenge.
Hercules Inc.
Hercules, Inc. was a chemical and munitions manufacturing company based in Wilmington, Delaware, United States, incorporated in 1912 as the Hercules Powder Company following the breakup of the DuPont explosives monopoly by the U.S. Circuit Court in 1911.  Hercules Powder Company became Hercules, Inc. in 1966,  operating under this name until 2008, when it was merged into Ashland Inc.

An earlier Hercules Powder Company was formed in 1882 by DuPont and Laflin & Rand Powder Company.  This company was dissolved on June 30, 1904.

Hercules was one of the major producers of smokeless powder for warfare in the United States during the 20th century. At the time of its spin-off, the DuPont Corp. retained the processes and patents for the production of "single-base" nitrocellulose gunpowders, whereas Hercules was given the patents and processes for the production of "double-base" gunpowders that combined nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine.

Ashland Global
Ashland, Inc., is an American chemical company headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware. The company began as an oil refinery in the city of Ashland, Kentucky, in 1924, before moving to Wilmington in 1994. The company has five wholly owned divisions, which include Chemical Intermediates and Solvents, composites, industrial specialties, personal and home care, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and agriculture. Until 2017, the company was the primary manufacturer of Valvoline.
Çineköy inscription
The Çineköy inscription is an ancient bilingual inscription, written in Hieroglyphic Luwian and Phoenician languages. The inscription is dated to the second half of the 8th century BC. It was uncovered in 1997 near the village of Çine, that is located some 30 km south of Adana, capital city of the Adana Province (ancient Cilicia) in southern Turkey.

The find was first reported and described in 1999, and the first edition of the inscription was published in 2000. Important additions to interpretation of the inscription were made in 2007, 2012, 2015, and 2017.

Another important inscription of the same type is known as the Karatepe inscription, which was known earlier. Both of these inscriptions trace the kings of ancient Adana from the "house of Mopsos" (given in Hieroglyphic Luwian as Muksa and in Phoenician as Mopsos in the form mps). He was a legendary king of antiquity.

Karatepe bilingual
The Karatepe bilingual (8th century BC), also known as the Azatiwada inscription, is a bilingual inscription on stone slabs consisting of Phoenician and Luwian text each, which enabled the decipherment of the Anatolian hieroglyphs. The artifacts were discovered at Karatepe, southern Turkey by the archaeologists Helmuth Theodor Bossert (1889–1961) and Halet Çambel (1916–2014) in 1946.

This inscription has served archaeologists as a Rosetta Stone for deciphering the Luwian glyphs. The inscription is known as KAI 26.
Tipton County, Indiana
Tipton County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana, located north of the state capital of Indianapolis. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 15,359. Its county seat is Tipton. The county has four incorporated towns with a total population of about 7,000, as well as many small unincorporated communities. It is divided into six townships which provide local services. Three Indiana state roads and one U.S. Route cross the county, as do two railroad lines. Before the arrival of non-indigenous settlers in the early 19th century, the area was inhabited by several Native American tribes. The county was officially established in 1844, one of the last Indiana counties to be settled. Tipton and Howard Counties were established by the same legislative action on January 15.

Howard County, Indiana
Howard County is one of 92 counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,658. The county seat is Kokomo. Originally named Richardville County, it was renamed in 1846 to commemorate General Tilghman Ashurst Howard.

Howard County comprises the Kokomo, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
John Bridge Pratt
John Bridge Pratt (June 16, 1833 — November 27, 1870) was the husband of Anna Bronson Alcott Pratt, the elder sister of American novelist Louisa May Alcott. He inspired the fictional character John Brooke in his sister-in-law Louisa May Alcott's best known novels.

Anna Alcott Pratt
Anna Bronson Alcott Pratt (March 16, 1831 – July 17, 1893) was the elder sister of American novelist Louisa May Alcott. She was the basis for the character Margaret "Meg" of Little Women (1868), her sister's classic, semi-autobiographical novel.
Treaty of London (1913)
The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912–1913. It dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War. The London Conference had ended on 23 January 1913, when the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état took place and Ottoman Grand Vizier Kâmil Pasha was forced to resign. Coup leader Enver Pasha withdrew the Ottoman Empire from the Conference, and the Treaty of London was signed without the presence of the Ottoman delegation. Further border changes were ratified in the Treaty of Bucharest in August 1913.

London Conference of 1912–1913
The London Conference of 1912–1913, also known as the London Peace Conference or the Conference of the Ambassadors, was an international summit of the six Great Powers of that time (Austria-Hungary, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, and Russia) convened in December 1912 due to the successes of the Balkan League armies against the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War. In particular, the conference intended to arbitrate between the warring powers as to territorial acquisitions, and also to determine the future of Albania, whose independence was proclaimed during the conflict.
Steel Bank Common Lisp
Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL) is a free and open-source Common Lisp implementation that features a high-performance native compiler, Unicode support and threading. It is open source software, with a permissive license. In addition to the compiler and runtime system for ANSI Common Lisp, it provides an interactive environment including a debugger, a statistical profiler, a code coverage tool, and many other extensions.

The name "Steel Bank Common Lisp" is a reference to Carnegie Mellon University Common Lisp from which SBCL forked: Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry and Andrew Mellon was a successful banker.

CMU Common Lisp
CMUCL is a free Common Lisp implementation, originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University.

CMUCL runs on most Unix-like platforms, including Linux and BSD; there is an experimental Windows port as well. Steel Bank Common Lisp is derived from CMUCL. The Scieneer Common Lisp was a commercial derivative from CMUCL.
Wheeler Dryden
George Dryden Wheeler Jr. (31 August 1892 – 30 September 1957), also known as Leo George Wheeler but known professionally as Wheeler Dryden, was an English-born American actor and film director. He was the son of Hannah Chaplin and music hall entertainer Leo Dryden, and younger half-brother of actors Sir Charlie and Sydney Chaplin.

He moved to the United States in 1918, joining his mother and two half-brothers. He worked as an actor and director, sometimes assisting Charlie Chaplin. He was married for a short time to ballerina Anna Chapple and they had one child together, Spencer Dryden, who became a rock musician with several prominent American bands and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Hannah Chaplin
Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Chaplin (née Hill; 6 August 1865 – 28 August 1928), also known by the stage name Lily Harley, was an English actress, singer and dancer who performed in British music halls from the age of 16.

Chaplin was the mother of actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin and his two half-brothers, the actor Sydney Chaplin and the film director Wheeler Dryden, and grandmother of Jefferson Airplane drummer and songwriter Spencer Dryden. As a result of mental illness, now thought to have been caused by syphilis, she was unable to continue performing from the mid-1890s. In 1921, she was relocated by her son Charlie to California, where she was cared for in a house in the San Fernando Valley until her death in August 1928.
Lev Russov
Lev Alexandrovich Russov (Russian: Ле́в Алекса́ндрович Ру́сов; 31 January 1926 – 20 February 1987) was a Soviet Russian painter, graphic artist, and sculptor, living and working in Leningrad, a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists and representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most known for his portrait painting.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
Ali Gomaa
Ali Gomaa (Arabic: علي جمعة, Egyptian Arabic: [ˈʕæli ˈɡomʕæ]; born 3 March 1952) is an Egyptian Islamic scholar, jurist, and public figure who has taken a number of controversial political stances. He specializes in Islamic Legal Theory. He follows the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence and the Ash'ari school of tenets of faith. Gomaa is a Sufi.

He served as the eighteenth Grand Mufti of Egypt (2003–2013) through Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah succeeding Ahmed el-Tayeb. He has, in the past, been considered a respected Islamic jurist, according to a 2008 U.S. News & World Report report and The National, and "a highly promoted champion of moderate Islam," according to The New Yorker. However, in recent years Western academic observers have described him as a supporter of authoritarian forms of government.

He was succeeded as Grand Mufti by Shawki Ibrahim Abdel-Karim Allam in February 2013.

Ahmed el-Tayeb
Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed El-Tayeb (Arabic: أحمد محمد أحمد الطيب; born 6 January 1946) is an Egyptian Islamic scholar and the current Grand Imam of al-Azhar, al-Azhar al-Sharif and former president of al-Azhar University. He was appointed by the Egyptian President, Hosni Mubarak, following the death of Mohamed Sayed Tantawy in 2010. He is from Kurna, Luxor Governorate in Upper Egypt, and he belongs to a Sunni Muslim family.
Mõigu Cemetery
Mõigu cemetery (German: Friedhof von Moik or Kirchhof von Moik, Estonian: Mõigu kalmistu) was a large Baltic German cemetery, located in the Tallinn suburb of Mõigu in Estonia. It served as the primary burial ground for the usually wealthy and noble citizens of the Toompea parish of Tallinn. Containing numerous graves, it stood for over 170 years from 1774  to shortly after World War II when it was completely flattened and destroyed by the Soviet occupation authorities governing the country at that time.

Its origins and destruction are very similar to that of the Kopli cemetery (also in Tallinn).

Kopli cemetery
The Kopli cemetery (German: Friedhof von Ziegelskoppel or Kirchhof von Ziegelskoppel; Estonian: Kopli kalmistu) was Estonia's largest Lutheran Baltic German cemetery, located in the suburb of Kopli in Tallinn. It contained thousands of graves of prominent citizens of Tallinn and stood from 1774 to shortly after World War II, when it was completely flattened and destroyed by the Soviet occupation authorities governing the country at the time. The former cemetery is now a public park.
Mikhail Kvetsinsky
Kvetsinsky leads here. For the Polish variant, see Kwieciński

Mikhail Fyodorovich Kvetsinsky (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Квецинский; January 3, 1866 – March 31, 1923), also known as Michael (von) Kwetzinsky, was a Russian officer and a military administrator. He held notable command posts in the Russian Far East, during the Russo-Japanese War, during the First World War and during the Russian Civil War, when he was one of the leaders of the White Army of the North during the North Russia Intervention. Kvetsinsky became a Major-General in 1910 and a Lieutenant-General in 1915.

He fled to Norway together with his superior Yevgeny Miller in 1920 and lived as a cab driver and labourer at a brewery at Lillehammer until his death three years later. His son Wassily von Kwetzinsky became a music critic and cultural figure in Norway. The Norwegian pianist Joachim Kwetzinsky is a stepson of his grandson.

Yevgeny Miller
Yevgeny-Ludvig Karlovich Miller (Russian: Евге́ний-Лю́двиг Ка́рлович Ми́ллер; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1867 – 11 May 1939) was a Russian general of Baltic German descent and one of the leaders of the anti-communist White Army during the Russian Civil War. After the civil war, he lived in exile in France. Kidnapped by Soviet intelligence operatives in Paris in 1937, he was smuggled to the Soviet Union and executed in Moscow in 1939.
Talibe
A talibé (also spelled talibe, plural talibés; Arabic: طالب, romanized: ṭālib, lit. 'seeker', 'student'; pl. طلاب ṭullāb) is a boy, usually from Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Mali or Mauritania, who studies the Quran at a daara (West African equivalent of madrasa). This education is guided by a teacher known as a marabout.  In most cases talibés leave their parents to stay in the daara.

Within Senegal, the term talibé can be used in a wider context, “for instance to denote a militant adherent of a political party.”

Daara
Daara is the title used in Senegal to designate the traditional Quranic schools that have ensured for centuries that Islamic education was well spread out in all segments of population in the West African countries.

Daara often implement physical punishment, which to many West African Muslims is considered to be an important part of the education process. The denomination conveys a very controversial portrait depending on the understanding one has of their usefulness in social progress. There have been frequent reports of abuse and "contemporary slavery" by organizations such as XALAAT and the United Nations. These reports include accusations of financial exploitation and ill-treatment of child beggars called talibe. Many talibe in Senegal deliberately self-harm so they will need medical attention and be removed from the daaras.
German submarine U-105 (1940)
German submarine U-105 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. She was ordered on 24 May 1938 as part of Germany's naval rearmament program. Her keel was laid down in Bremen on 16 November 1938. After roughly seven months of construction, she was launched on 15 June 1940 and formally commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 10 September 1940.

During her three-year career, U-105 sank 23 vessels for a total loss of 123,924 gross register tons (GRT) and 1,546 tons before being sunk by the Free French Forces off the coast of Dakar (Senegal) on 2 June 1943.

Type IXB submarine
The Type IXB submarine was a sub-class of the Type IX submarine built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine between 1938 and 1940. The U-boats themselves were designed to be fairly large ocean-going submarines. The inspiration for the Type IXB submarine came from the earlier original Type IX submarine, the Type IXA submarine. The design was developed to give an increased range, a change which resulted in a slightly heavier overall tonnage. This design was improved even further in the later Type IXC submarines.

The class comprised 14 submarines, U-64, U-65, U-103, U-104, U-105, U-106, U-107, U-108, U-109, U-110, U-111, U-122, U-123, and U-124. Twelve were sunk during the war and two scuttled by their crews at the end of the war. The Type IXB was the most successful class of submarine in the war in terms of average tonnage sunk, with each U-boat sinking an average of over 100,000 gross register tons (GRT) during its career.
1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election
After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962, general elections were held in 1955 and 1959. So. the first general elections to the Pondicherry Representative Assembly (French: Assemblée représentative de Pondichéry) along with 16 municipal councils were held in 1955 from 18 to 23 July for 39 constituencies to constitute First Pondicherry Representative Assembly (French: Première Assemblée représentative de Pondichéry). The election were held on the basis of adult franchise under the State of Pondicherry (Representation of the People: French: Représentation du peuple) Order, 1955 which prescribed the rules and regulations for the conduct of elections, more or less on the pattern adopted in the Indian Union. The elections were conducted under supervision of the Election commissioner Mr. Sukumar Sen and heavy polling was reported during the elections.

1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election
After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962, second general elections were held in August 1959 to constitute Second Pondicherry Representative Assembly.
Barlas
The Barlas (Mongolian: Barulās; Chagatai Turkic/Persian: برلاس Barlās; also Berlās) were a Mongol tribal confederation clan, which later became Turkified in Central Asia, forming a nomadic confederation. They were a sub-clan of the Borjigin, emerged within the Khamag Mongol confederation in present-day Mongolia in the early to mid-12th century, and traced their military roots to one of the elite regiments of the Mongol Empire’s Kheshig guard. The Barlas spawned as one imperial dynasties with two major empires in Asia: the Timurid Empire in Central Asia and Persia; and its later branch, the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.

Borjigin
The Borjigin or Borjigids are a Mongol tribal clan founded in the early 10th century or, around 900 AD. by Bodonchar Munkhag. The senior line of Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigids are found in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Buryatia, and Xinjiang, and genetic research shows that descent from Genghis Khan and Timur is common throughout Central and East Asia.
Charles Jules, Prince of Rochefort
Charles Jules de Rohan (Charles Jules Armand; 29 August 1729 – 18 May 1811) was a French nobleman and Prince of Rochefort. He was the father of Charlotte Louise de Rohan, secret wife of the executed Duc d'Enghien.

Charlotte Louise de Rohan
Princess Charlotte Louise Dorothée de Rohan (25 October 1767 – 1 May 1841) is reputed to have been the secret wife of Louis de Bourbon-Condé, Duc d'Enghien, an important prince du sang and émigré during the French Revolution.
Alternative education
Alternative education encompasses educational philosophy differing from mainstream pedagogy and evidence-based education. Such alternative learning environments may be found at state, charter, and independent schools and in home-based learning environments. Many educational alternatives emphasize small class sizes, close relationships between students and teachers, and a sense of community.

The legal framework for such education varies by locality and determines any obligation to conform with mainstream standard tests and grades.

Alternative pedagogical approaches may include different structures, such as the open classroom, different teacher-student relationships, as in Quaker and free schools, and differing curricula and teaching methods, as in Waldorf and Montessori schools. Synonyms for "alternative" in this context include "non-traditional" and "non-conventional". Alternative educators use terms such as "holistic".

Democratic education
Democratic education is a type of formal education that is organized democratically, so that students can manage their own learning and participate in the governance of their educational environment. Democratic education is often specifically emancipatory, with the students' voices being equal to the teachers'.

Democratic education must be distinguished from civic education. Although there are overlaps, civic education is concerned with the study of the theoretical, political, and practical aspects of (democratic) citizenship, as well as its rights and duties, while democratic education presupposes that the educational setting is organized democratically.
Tastee-Freez
Tastee-Freez is an American franchised fast-food restaurant specializing in soft serve ice cream. The first Tastee-Freez was established in Keithsburg, Illinois and is now part of the Wienerschnitzel and Hamburger Stand franchise brand headquartered in Tustin, California with roughly 350 locations nationally.

Hamburger Stand
Hamburger Stand is a regional fast food chain in the western United States.  Besides its low-cost burgers, the restaurant's menu features items from its sister companies Wienerschnitzel and Tastee-Freez at some of its locations. It has locations in Arizona, California, Colorado, and Wyoming.