hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calvary Episcopal Church (Pittsburgh)
Calvary Episcopal Church is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The parish was founded in 1855.

The church reported 1,562 members in 2015 and 1,674 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported nationally in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income reported for the congregation in 2024 was $1,166,499. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) in 2024 was 253 persons.

Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh
The Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh is a diocese in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Geographically, it encompasses 11 counties in Western Pennsylvania. It was formed in 1865 by dividing the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania. The diocesan cathedral is Trinity Cathedral in downtown Pittsburgh. The Rt. Rev. Ketlen A. Solak was consecrated and seated as its current bishop in autumn 2021.

The diocese reported 9,089 members in 2021 and 8,527 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 33 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $5,606,328. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 1,751 persons.
Paul Vinogradoff
Sir Paul Gavrilovitch Vinogradoff FBA (Russian: Павел Гаврилович Виноградов, romanized: Pavel Gavrilovich Vinogradov; 30 November [O.S. 18 November] 1854 – 19 December 1925) was a Russian and British historian and medievalist. He was a leading thinker in the development of historical jurisprudence and legal history as disciplines.

Frederic William Maitland
Frederic William Maitland FBA (28 May 1850 – c. 19 December 1906) was an English historian of medieval England and jurist who is regarded as the modern father of English legal history. From 1884 until he died in 1906, he was Reader in English Law at Cambridge. He was Downing Professor of the Laws of England. He came from a distinguished intellectual family. Maitland was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. Leaving for the bar after an initial failure to obtain a fellowship at Cambridge, he returned to academia in 1884 and quickly became one of the most distinguished historians of his generation.
Nicholas of Japan
Nicholas (Kasatkin), Equal-to-the-Apostles, Archbishop of Japan, born Ivan Dmitrovich Kasatkin (Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Касаткин; 13 August [O.S. 1 August] 1836 – 16 February 1912) was a Russian Orthodox priest, monk, and bishop. He introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church to Japan. The Orthodox cathedral of Tokyo (metropolitan diocese of Japan), Tokyo Resurrection Cathedral, was informally named after him as Nikorai-do, first by the local community, and today nationwide, in remembrance of his work.

Holy Resurrection Cathedral
The Holy Resurrection Cathedral (復活大聖堂, fukkatsu daiseidō; Russian: Токийский собор Воскресения), also known as Nikorai-do (ニコライ堂, nikorai-dō), is the main cathedral of the Japanese Orthodox Church, located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
Minnatullah Rahmani
Minnatullah Rahmani (7 April 1913 – 20 March 1991) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as the first General Secretary of All India Muslim Personal Law Board. He was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama and Darul Uloom Deoband, and a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly. He also served as the General Secretary of the Jamiat Ulama Bihar. His father Muhammad Ali Mungeri was the founder of Nadwatul Ulama and his son Wali Rahmani established the Rahmani30 institute.

Wali Rahmani
Wali Rahmani (5 June 1943 – 3 April 2021) was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and academic who founded Rahmani30. He was a member of the Bihar Legislative Council from 1974 to 1996. He served as the general secretary of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and Sajjada Nashin of the Khanqah Rahmani in Munger.
Battle of Toulouse (721)
The Battle of Toulouse (721) was a victory of an Aquitanian Christian army led by Odo the Great, Duke of Aquitaine over an Umayyad Muslim army besieging the city of Toulouse, led by al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani, the Umayyad wāli (governor-general) of al-Andalus. The decisive Aquitanian victory checked the spread of Umayyad control westward from Narbonne into Aquitaine.

Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani
Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani (Arabic: السمح بن مالك الخولاني) was the Arab governor general of Al-Andalus from between 719 and 721. In 720, under his governorate he minted the first purely Arab coins in Al-Andalus as part of his fiscal reforms.
Quality Street (confectionery)
Quality Street is a line of tinned and boxed toffees, chocolates and sweets, first manufactured in 1936 by Mackintosh's in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. It was named after J. M. Barrie's play Quality Street. Since 1988, the confectionery has been produced by Nestlé. Quality Street has long been a competitor to Cadbury Roses, which were launched by Cadbury in 1938.

Quality Street (play)
Quality Street is a comedy in four acts by J. M. Barrie, written before his more famous work Peter Pan.  The story is about two sisters who start a school "for genteel children".

The original Broadway production opened in 1901 and ran for 64 performances. The show was then produced in London, where it was a hit, running for 459 performances. It was frequently revived until World War II.
Mil horas
"Mil horas" (English: One thousand hours) is a song by Argentine band Los Abuelos de la Nada, included in the second album Vasos y besos, published in 1983. Composed by keyboardist and singer Andrés Calamaro, the song became one of the band's biggest successes. It holds 5th place on the top 100 best songs of the 80s in Spanish list according to VH1 Latin America, and the 14th place on the top 100 hits of Argentine rock by Rolling Stone.

In 2024, the song was re-imagined by band member Cachorro López for his album Éxtasis Total – Las Canciones de los Abuelos de la Nada. It featured vocals by Argentine singer Lali, and it peaked at number 70 on the Billboard Argentina Hot 100.

Andrés Calamaro
Andrés Calamaro (August 22, 1961) is an Argentine musician, composer and Latin Grammy winner. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential rock artists in Spanish. He is also one of the most complete artists for his wide range of musical styles, including funk, reggae, ballads, boleros, tangos and jazz. His former band Los Rodríguez was a major success in Spain and throughout Latin America mainly during the 1990s. He is multi-instrumentalist and became one of the main icons of Argentine rock, selling over 1.3 million records to date.
Philip Courtenay (died 1406)
Sir Philip Courtenay (c. 1355 – 29 July 1406), of Powderham, Devon was the fifth son of Hugh Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (1303–1377). He was the founder of the cadet dynasty known as "Courtenay of Powderham", seated at the manor of Powderham, until then a former Bohun manor of little importance, whilst the line descended from his elder brother, the Earls of Devon of the mediaeval era, continued to be seated at Tiverton Castle and Okehampton.

Hugh de Courtenay, 2nd/10th Earl of Devon
Sir Hugh de Courtenay, 2nd/10th Earl of Devon (12 July 1303 – 2 May 1377), 2nd Baron Courtenay, feudal baron of Okehampton and feudal baron of Plympton, played an important role in the Hundred Years War in the service of King Edward III. His chief seats were Tiverton Castle and Okehampton Castle in Devon. The ordinal number given to the early Courtenay Earls of Devon depends on whether the earldom is deemed a new creation by the letters patent granted 22 February 1334/5 or whether it is deemed a restitution of the old dignity of the de Redvers family. Authorities differ in their opinions, and thus alternative ordinal numbers exist, given here.
Ramnagar, Mahottari
Ramnagar is a town and marketplace in Gaushala Municipality in Mahottari District in the Madhesh Province in south-eastern Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 by merging existing Nigauli, Ramnagar, and Gaushala VDCs. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,163 people residing in 952 individual households.

Gaushala, Mahottari
Gaushala  (Nepali: गौशाला ) is a municipality in Mahottari District in Province No. 2 of Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 by merging existing Nigauli, Ramnagar, Gaushala VDCs. It occupies an area of 144.73 km2 with a total population of 66,673.
Peder Brønnum Scavenius
Peder Brønnum Scavenius (6 January 1795 - 4 December 1868) was a Danish landowner and politician. He was the owner of Gjorslev on the Stevns Peninsula, Klintholm on Møn and Petersgaard at Vordingborg. He was an also involved in politics and by royal appointment a member of the Danish Constituent Assembly.

Klintholm Manor
Klintholm is an estate near Mons Klint on the Danish island of Møn. Originally owned by the Crown, since 1798 the estate has belonged to the Scavenius family. In 1838, a three-winged stone complex was built by G.F. Hetsch in the Neoclassical style and in 1875, a new manor house designed by August Klein in the Renaissance Revival style was completed but it was demolished in 2000.
Bibi Sahib Kaur
Rajkumari Bibi Sahib Kaur (1771–1801) was a Sikh princess of Patiala and the elder sister of Sahib Singh, the Raja-e-Rajgan of Patiala. Sahib Kaur served as Patiala's Prime Minister and the General of the Patiala Army. She is remembered for her leadership in protecting the Patiala kingdom from Marathas in the late-18th century, alongside Rani Rajinder Kaur.

Patiala State
Patiala State was a Punjabi kingdom, and later, a princely state within the British Raj, and one of the Phulkian States, that acceded to the Union of India upon Indian independence and partition in 1947. The state was founded by Ala Singh in 1762. Patiala State was the largest and most important princely state in the Punjab Province. The state's ruler, the Maharaja of Patiala, was entitled to a 17-gun salute and held precedence over all other princes in the Punjab Province during the British Raj. The state was ruled by Jat Sikhs of the Sidhu clan.

The kingdom's imperial troops also fought in World War I and World War II on behalf of the British Indian Empire.
Algebraic stack
In mathematics, an algebraic stack is a vast generalization of algebraic spaces, or schemes, which are foundational for studying moduli theory. Many moduli spaces are constructed using techniques specific to algebraic stacks, such as Artin's representability theorem, which is used to construct the moduli space of pointed algebraic curves  and the moduli stack of elliptic curves. Originally, they were introduced by Alexander Grothendieck to keep track of automorphisms on moduli spaces, a technique which allows for treating these moduli spaces as if their underlying schemes or algebraic spaces are smooth. After Grothendieck developed the general theory of descent, and Giraud the general theory of stacks, the notion of algebraic stacks was defined by Michael Artin.

Artin's criterion
In mathematics, Artin's criteria are a collection of related necessary and sufficient conditions on deformation functors which prove the representability of these functors as either algebraic spaces or as algebraic stacks. In particular, these conditions are used in the construction of the moduli stack of elliptic curves and the construction of the moduli stack of pointed curves.
John Paston (died 1466)
John Paston I (10 October 1421 – 21/22 May 1466) was an English country gentleman and landowner. He was the eldest son of the judge William Paston, Justice of the Common Pleas. After he succeeded his father in 1444, his life was marked by conflict occasioned by a power struggle in East Anglia between the dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk, and by his involvement in the affairs of his wife's kinsman, Sir John Fastolf. Between 1460–1466 he was Justice of the Peace for Norfolk, and was elected as a member of parliament in 1460 and again in 1461. A number of his letters survive among the Paston Letters, a rich source of historical information for the lives of the English gentry of the period.

Paston Letters
The Paston Letters are a collection of correspondence between members of the Paston family of Norfolk gentry and others connected with them in England between the years 1422 and 1509. The collection also includes state papers and other important documents.

The letters are a noted primary source for information about life in England during the Wars of the Roses and the early Tudor period. They are also of interest to linguists and historians of the English language, being written during the Great Vowel Shift, and documenting the transition from Late Middle English to Early Modern English.
Maienfeld
Maienfeld (Romansh: Maiavilla) is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of the Grisons. It is a tourist destination in the Alps, both because of the local wine and because it was the setting of the story Heidi.

Heidi
Heidi (/ˈhaɪdi/ HY-dee, German: [ˈhaɪdi]) is a work of children's fiction published between 1880 and 1881 by Swiss author Johanna Spyri, originally published in two parts as Heidi: Her Years of Wandering and Learning (German: Heidis Lehr- und Wanderjahre) and Heidi: How She Used What She Learned (German: Heidi kann brauchen, was es gelernt hat) by Friedrich Andreas Perthes of Gotha. It is a novel about the events in the life of a five-year-old girl in her paternal grandfather's care in the Swiss Alps. It was written as a book "for children and those who love children" (as quoted from its subtitle).

Heidi is one of the best-selling books ever written and is among the best-known works of Swiss literature.
Prunella Stack
Ann Prunella Stack OBE (28 July 1914 – 30 December 2010) was a British fitness pioneer and women's rights activist.

She was head of the Women's League of Health and Beauty which her mother Mary had founded in 1931. In 1953 she led a multiracial team to the coronation in London.

Mary Bagot Stack
Mary Bagot Stack (12 June 1883 – 26 January 1935), known as Mollie Bagot Stack, founded the Women's League of Health & Beauty in 1930, the first and most significant mass keep-fit system of the 1930s in the UK. This has continued as an exercise system into the 21st century.
Meat Puppets (album)
Meat Puppets is the debut studio album by American rock band Meat Puppets, released in 1982 by SST Records. In 1999, Rykodisc re-issued the album, which included their debut EP In a Car (1981), 13 bonus tracks, and various other media.

In the 2012 book, Too High to Die: Meet the Meat Puppets by Greg Prato, an entire chapter is dedicated to Soundgarden guitarist Kim Thayil explaining why Meat Puppets is one of his favorite all-time albums.

In a Car
In a Car is the debut EP by the American rock band Meat Puppets, released in 1981 by World Imitation Records. In 1985, In a Car was re-released by SST Records. In 1999, Rykodisc released the EP with the re-issue of their debut album, Meat Puppets (1982).
Elisha Gray
Elisha Gray (August 2, 1835 – January 21, 1901) was an American electrical engineer who co-founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Gray is best known for his development of a telephone prototype in 1876 in Highland Park, Illinois. Some recent authors have argued that Gray should be considered the true inventor of the telephone because Alexander Graham Bell allegedly stole the idea of the liquid transmitter from him. Gray had been using liquid transmitters in his telephone experiments for more than two years previously; however, Bell's patent was upheld in court.

Gray is also considered to be the father of the modern music synthesizer, and was granted over 70 patents for his inventions.

Western Electric
Western Electric Co., Inc. was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that operated from 1869 to 1996. A subsidiary of the AT&T Corporation for most of its lifespan, Western Electric was the primary manufacturer, supplier, and purchasing agent for all telephone equipment for the Bell System from 1881 until 1984, when the Bell System was dismantled.

For much of the 20th century, Western Electric's equipment, especially their telephones, was ubiquitous throughout most of the United States and Canada. This was a result of the Bell System's near-total monopoly on phone service, combined with the legal ban on connecting third-party premises equipment to the telephone network.

The company was responsible for many technological innovations, as well as developments in industrial management.
Mac Baracael
Marnel "Mac" Baracael (born April 14, 1985) is a Filipino professional basketball player who last played for the Pangasinan Heatwaves of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). Baracael was drafted sixth overall by the Alaska Aces in the 2011 PBA draft. Baracael played college basketball for Far Eastern University of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).

Alaska Aces (PBA)
The Alaska Aces were a professional basketball team in the Philippine Basketball Association since 1986 under the ownership of Alaska Milk Corporation (AMC) and the owner of 14 PBA championships, tied with the Magnolia Hotshots for the third-most titles overall. They were one of the most popular teams in the league and the Philippines.

The Aces won nine PBA championships in the 1990s, including a rare grand slam (winning three championships in one season) during the 1996 season, joining the Crispa Redmanizers (1976, 1983), San Miguel Beermen (1989), and the San Mig Super Coffee Mixers (2013–14) as one of only four franchises to achieve the feat.

The Aces last tournament was the 2021 PBA Governors' Cup where they were eliminated by the NLEX Road Warriors in the quarterfinal round in March 2022. The franchise was bought by Converge ICT on March 23, 2022, to become the Converge FiberXers.

The team, like the company which owns it, has no connection to the US state of Alaska.
Road of Malezas
The Road of Malezas (Spanish: Carretera de Malezas), also spelled Road of Maleza (Spanish: Carretera de Maleza), is a north–south Cuban state highway connecting the municipalities of Santa Clara to Encrucijada in Villa Clara Province.

Santa Clara, Cuba
Santa Clara is the capital city of the Cuban province of Villa Clara. It is centrally located in the province and Cuba. Santa Clara is the fifth-most populous Cuban city, with a population of nearly 245,959.
Pankaj Patel
Pankaj Ramanbhai Patel (born 16 March 1953) is an Indian billionaire businessman, and the chairman of Zydus Lifesciences, the fifth largest pharmaceutical company in India.

In October 2024, Patel was ranked 24th on the Forbes list of India's 100 richest tycoons, with a net worth of $10.2 billion.

In January 2025, he was conferred the Padma Bhushan, the country's third highest civilian award  for his contribution in the field of Trade and Industry.

Zydus Lifesciences
Zydus Lifesciences Limited, formerly known as Cadila Healthcare Limited, is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Ahmedabad. Primarily engaged in the manufacturing of generic drugs, the company ranked 100th in the Fortune India 500 list in 2020.
Louis Round Wilson
Louis Round Wilson (December 27, 1876 – December 10, 1979) was an important figure to the field of library science, and is listed in "100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century," an article in the December 1999 issue of American Libraries. The article lists what he did for the field of library science including dean at the University of Chicago Graduate Library School, directing the library at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, and as one of the "internationally oriented library leaders in the U.S. who contributed much of the early history of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions." The Louis Round Wilson Library is named after him.

University of Chicago Graduate Library School
The University of Chicago Graduate Library School (GLS) was the graduate-level librarianship school from 1928 to 1989 at the University of Chicago. It was established in 1928 to develop a program for the graduate education of librarians with a focus on research. Housed for a time in the Joseph Regenstein Library, the GLS closed in 1989 when the University of Chicago decided to promote information studies instead of professional education. GLS faculty were among the most prominent researchers in librarianship in the twentieth century.
Nicholas Purcell of Loughmoe
Nicholas Purcell, 13th Baron of Loughmoe (1651 – 4 March 1722) was the son of James Purcell of Loughmoe and the maternal nephew of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde.

A member of the King's Privy Council, Purcell was the right-hand man to Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan. In 1687 Nicholas Purcell raised a troop of horse to support King James II — they were called the "Yellow Horse," probably from the colour of the Regiment's cornets, as was customary for the period. Nicholas fought at the Battle of the Boyne and at the Battle of Aughrim, and was a signatory to the Treaty of Limerick. He did not flee to Europe after Limerick but remained in Ireland to fight for the rights of Roman Catholics.

The Marquis de Ruvigny notes that Nicholas Purcell of Loughmoe was made Baron Loughmore by King James II in 1690. While there is little other evidence to confirm the creation of this peerage, it would enter the ranks of those titles created by the King while in exile.

Baron of Loughmoe
The title Baron of Loughmoe is an Irish feudal barony located in northern County Tipperary, Ireland. It was first held by Richard Purcell; the lands and castle were actually secured by Hugh Purcell of Loughmoe, first lord of Loughmoe. The title was possibly raised to a Jacobite peerage in 1690 while James II was in exile, Marquis de Ruvigny said this in his 'The Jacobite Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Grants of Honour'. The feudal title was granted to Richard Purcell in 1328 by James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond as palatine Lord of Tipperary. Irish and Scottish feudal titles, particularly those granted by palatine lords, are difficult to classify in law, they are acknowledged as genuine hereditaments by the arms granting bodies of Ireland, Scotland, and England, and were never formally recognized by the Crown.

The seat of the Baron of Loughmoe is Loughmoe Castle at Loughmore village, Templemore, County Tipperary.
Ontario Temperance Act
The Ontario Temperance Act was a law passed in 1916 that led to the prohibition of alcohol in Ontario, Canada. When the Act was first enacted, the sale of alcohol was prohibited, but liquor could still be manufactured in the province or imported. Strong support for prohibition came from religious elements of society such as the Ontario Woman's Christian Temperance Union, which sought to eliminate what it considered the societal ills and vices associated with liquor consumption, including violent behaviour and familial abuse. Historically, prohibition advocates in Ontario drew inspiration from the temperance movements in Britain and the United States. The Act was repealed in 1927.

Canada Temperance Act
The Canada Temperance Act (French: Loi de tempérance du Canada), also known as the Scott Act, was an Act of the Parliament of Canada passed in 1878, which provided for a national framework for municipalities to opt in by plebiscite to a scheme of prohibition. It was repealed in 1984.
Deepakbhai Desai
Deepakbhai Desai, referred as Pujya Deepakbhai Desai by his followers, is Indian spiritual leader from Gujarat, India. He heads Dada Bhagwan Foundation. He teaches the Akram Vignan philosophy developed by Dada Bhagwan.

Dada Bhagwan
Dada Bhagwan (7 November 1908 – 2 January 1988), also known as Dadashri, born Ambalal Muljibhai Patel, was an Indian spiritual leader from Gujarat who founded the Akram Vignan Movement. He was spiritually inclined from an early age. He worked as a contractor for a company maintaining dry docks in Bombay before attaining "self-realization" in 1958. He left business and focused on his spiritual goals. The movement around his teaching grew into the Akram Vignan movement gaining followers in western India and abroad. Ahimsa (non-violence) and vegetarianism are an important part of Dada's teachings.