hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase (HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; systematic name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase), also known as AChE, AChase or acetylhydrolase, is the primary cholinesterase in the body. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine and some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters:

acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate

It is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type, where its activity serves to terminate cholinergic synaptic transmission. It belongs to the carboxylesterase family of enzymes. It is the primary target of inhibition by organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents and pesticides.

Cholinesterase
The enzyme cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, choline esterase; systematic name acylcholine acylhydrolase) catalyses the hydrolysis of choline-based esters, several of which serve as neurotransmitters.:

an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylate

These reactions are necessary to allow a cholinergic neuron to return to its resting state after activation. For example, in muscle contraction, acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction triggers a contraction; but for the muscle to relax afterward, rather than remaining locked in a tense state, the acetylcholine must be broken down by a choline esterase.

Two types of cholinesterase have been characterized: acetyl­cholin­esterase (also called choline esterase I or erythrocyte cholinesterase), found mainly in chemical synapses and red blood cell membranes, and butyryl­cholin­esterase (also called choline esterase II or plasma cholinesterase), found mainly in the blood plasma.
Mick Whitnall
Mick Whitnall (born 7 November 1968, Doncaster, Yorkshire) is the English lead guitarist for Pete Doherty's rock band Babyshambles, replacing former guitarist Patrick Walden. He lived in South Africa for a time when he was a young boy while his father was working there.

Before this, Whitnall played with Kill City fronted by Peter Doherty's ex-girlfriend Lisa Moorish, and also in bands including Finley Quaye's band and ska band 100 Men. Whitnall's first band was the Doncaster-based Skin-Deep, who recorded one album More Than Skin-Deep, which was released in July 1988.

Pete Doherty
Peter Doherty (born 12 March 1979) is an English musician. He is best known for being co-frontman of the Libertines, which he formed with Carl Barât in 1997. His other musical projects are indie bands Babyshambles and Peter Doherty and the Puta Madres.
FC Barcelona (baseball)
Fútbol Club Barcelona was a Catalan Spanish baseball team located in Barcelona. It was a sports section of the association football club FC Barcelona.

It was founded in 1931. Two years later, the club won its first title by winning the Catalan Cup, but was later dissolved for unknown reasons. It was later refounded in 1941, but the club struggled and won no title in the first five years. Eventually, the club had massive success and became an elite club by winning 18 Spanish league, three Spanish cups and more. Immediately after this victory, however, the sports section was dissolved in 2011 due to financial reasons. Most of the players that made up the team at the time of its dissolution joined Club Béisbol Barcelona.

CB Barcelona
Club Béisbol Barcelona, commonly known as CB Barcelona, is a División de Honor de Béisbol baseball club located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club was formed in February 2012 after breaking from the FC Barcelona sports club.

The club currently play at the Camp Municipal de Beisbol Carlos Pérez de Rozas, located in the Anella Olímpica in Montjuïc, that hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Matelo Ferret
Jean Pierre "Matelo" Ferret (1918 – 24 January 1989) (also spelled Matelot, Matlo and Matlow, surname also later spelled Ferré on occasion) was a French musette and gypsy jazz guitarist and composer. He was an associate of Django Reinhardt and the youngest brother of guitarists Baro and Sarane Ferret. He recorded with his own sextet in Paris in the 1940s and continued performing there, with occasional recording sessions, until his death in 1989. He was noted for a musical style that incorporated  Russian and Hungarian influences and lived long enough to see a resurgence of interest in gypsy jazz in which he was recognised as one of the great surviving players of the genre. Two of his sons, Boulou and Elios Ferré, continue to play a more modern and individualistic form of gypsy jazz-based guitar music in Paris.

Sarane Ferret
Étienne "Sarane" Ferret (1912–1970) (surname also later spelled Ferré on occasion) was a French musette and gypsy jazz guitarist and composer, a contemporary and musical associate of Django Reinhardt, and the brother of noted Romani guitar players Baro and Matelo Ferret. He recorded with his own quintet in Paris in the 1940s and continued performing there, with occasional recording sessions, until his death in 1970.
Blizzard Sport
Blizzard is an Austrian sports equipment company, based in Mittersill, Salzburg, Austria. Blizzard is currently a division of the Italian Tecnica Group S.p.A. and is specialized in the manufacturing of alpine skiing equipment, including skis and accessories such as backpacks and ski bags.

Tecnica Group
45°47′23″N 12°10′48″E﻿ / ﻿45.7895953°N 12.179946°E﻿ / 45.7895953; 12.179946

Tecnica Group is a sport equipment manufacturer in the market of footwear and winter sports equipment founded in Giavera del Montello, Treviso, Italy. Tecnica Group brands include Blizzard, Lowa, Moon Boot, Nordica, Rollerblade, and Tecnica.
Mythopoeic Society
The Mythopoeic Society (MythSoc) is a non-profit organization devoted to the study of mythopoeic literature, particularly the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams, and C. S. Lewis. These men were all members of The Inklings, an informal group of writers who met weekly in Lewis' rooms at Magdalen College, Oxford, from the early 1930s until late 1949.

Inklings
The Inklings were an informal literary discussion group associated with J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis at the University of Oxford for nearly two decades between the early 1930s and late 1949. The Inklings were literary enthusiasts who praised the value of narrative in fiction and encouraged the writing of fantasy. The best-known, apart from Tolkien and Lewis, were Charles Williams, and (although a Londoner) Owen Barfield.
Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)
Socialist Appeal was the British section of the International Marxist Tendency (IMT), founded in 1992 alongside the IMT by supporters of Ted Grant and Alan Woods after they were expelled from the Militant tendency of the Labour Party. In 2024 the Great Britain-based elements of the IMT were relaunched as the Revolutionary Communist Party.

The organisation described itself as a "Marxist organisation which stands for the socialist transformation of society." Its stated aim was to build a revolutionary leadership capable of leading the working class in a struggle against capitalism. It described its politics as descending from Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky.

Socialist Appeal published a fortnightly newspaper under the same name until January 2024, and operated the Wellred Books publisher and bookstore.

Revolutionary Communist International
The Revolutionary Communist International (RCI) is a Trotskyist political international. Founded as the Committee for a Marxist International (CMI) by British-based South African political theorist Ted Grant and his supporters after a break with the Committee for a Workers' International in 1992, it was subsequently renamed the International Marxist Tendency (IMT) in 2004 before adopting its current name in June 2024. The organization's website, Marxist.com, is edited by Alan Woods. The site is multilingual, and publishes international current affairs articles written from a Marxist perspective, as well as historical and theoretical articles.

The international maintains a list of national sections on its website.
German submarine U-1 (1935)
German submarine U-1 was the first U-boat (or submarine) built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine following Adolf Hitler's abrogation of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in 1935, which banned Germany possessing a submarine force.

A Type IIA U-boat, she was built at the Deutsche Werke shipyards in Kiel, yard number 236, her keel being laid on 11 February 1935 amid celebration. She was commissioned on 29 June 1935 after a very rapid construction, and was manned by crews trained in the Netherlands.

Type II submarine
The Type II U-boat was designed by Nazi Germany as a coastal U-boat, modeled after the CV-707 submarine, which was designed by the Dutch front company NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw Den Haag (I.v.S) (set up by Germany after World War I in order to maintain and develop German submarine technology and to circumvent the limitations set by the Treaty of Versailles) and built in 1933 by the Finnish Crichton-Vulcan shipyard in Turku, Finland. It was too small to undertake sustained operations far away from the home support facilities. Its primary role was found to be in the training schools, preparing new German naval officers for command. It appeared in four sub-types.
Maumee River
The Maumee River (pronounced /mɔːˈmiː/) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiwi) is a river running in the Midwestern United States from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie. It is formed at the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers, where Fort Wayne, Indiana, has developed, and meanders northeastwardly for 137 miles (220 km) through an agricultural region of glacial moraines before flowing into the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee. The Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18, 1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio's breadbasket; it is two-thirds farmland, mostly corn and soybeans. It is the largest watershed of any of the rivers feeding the Great Lakes, and supplies five percent of Lake Erie's water.

St. Joseph River (Maumee River tributary)
The St. Joseph River (Miami-Illinois: Kociihsasiipi) is an 86.1-mile-long (138.6 km) tributary of the Maumee River in northwestern Ohio and northeastern Indiana in the United States, with headwater tributaries rising in southern Michigan. It drains a primarily rural farming region in the watershed of Lake Erie.

The St. Joseph River of Lake Michigan is an entirely separate river that rises in western Michigan, dips into Indiana, and flows west into Lake Michigan.
Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours
The Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours (RI), initially called the New Society of Painters in Water Colours, is one of the societies in the Federation of British Artists, based in the Mall Galleries in London.

Federation of British Artists
The Federation of British Artists (FBA) consists of nine art societies, and is based at Mall Galleries in London where the societies' Annual Exhibitions are held. The societies represent living artists working in the United Kingdom who create contemporary figurative art. Mall Galleries aim to 'promote, inspire and educate audiences about the visual arts.'
Lummi dialect
Lummi (Lummi: Xwlemi Chosen, IPA: [xʷləmi tʃɔsən]) is a dialect of the North Straits Salish language traditionally spoken by the Lummi people of northwest Washington state, in the United States. Although traditionally referred to as a language, it is mutually intelligible with the other dialects of North Straits.

Although the traditional variety of the Lummi dialect is extinct, New Lummi is spoken on the Lummi reservation and is taught at Ferndale High School, Lummi Nation School, Vista Middle School, Horizon Middle School, Skyline and Eagleridge Elementary Schools, and Northwest Indian College.

North Straits Salish language
Northern Straits Salish (also referred to as North Straits Salish) is a language composed of several mutually-intelligible dialects within the Coast Salish language family spoken in western Washington and British Columbia. The various dialects of Northern Straits Salish are often referred to as separate languages, both in historic and modern times, and although their similarities are recognized by its speakers, there is no word for the language as a whole.

Northern Straits Salish is notable for the frequent appearance of the dorsal nasal consonant /ŋ~ɴ/, a rare segment in other Pacific Northwestern languages.
Charles Ng
Charles Chi-tat Ng (born Ng Chi-tat) (Chinese: 吳志達; born 24 December 1960) is a Hong Kong-born convicted serial killer who committed numerous crimes in the United States. He is believed to have raped, tortured, and murdered between eleven and twenty-five victims with his accomplice Leonard Lake at Lake's cabin in Calaveras County, California, 60 miles (96 km) from Sacramento, between 1983 and 1985. After his arrest and imprisonment in Canada on robbery and weapons charges, followed by a lengthy dispute between Canada and the U.S., Ng was extradited to California, tried, and convicted of eleven murders. He is currently on death row at California Medical Facility.

Leonard Lake
Leonard Thomas Lake (October 29, 1945 – June 6, 1985), also known as Leonard Hill and a variety of other aliases, was an American survivalist and serial killer who raped, tortured and murdered an estimated eleven to twenty-five victims with his accomplice Charles Ng at a remote cabin near Wilseyville, California, 150 miles east of San Francisco, between 1983 and 1985. Lake was never convicted of murder, as he swallowed cyanide pills that he had sewn into his clothing and died four days after his arrest.

Lake and Ng are sometimes referred to as the Sex Slave Killers because of the prolonged torture they imposed on their female victims which they often videotaped. Those tapes, along with human remains and journals, were used to convict Ng on eleven counts of capital murder in 1999.
Sennen Cove
Sennen Cove (Cornish: Porthsenan) (grid reference SW352261) is a small coastal village in the parish of Sennen in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. According to the Penwith District Council, the population of this settlement was estimated at 180 persons in 2000. The South West Coast Path passes through Sennen Cove.

Sennen
Sennen (Cornish: Sen Senan) is a coastal civil parish and a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Sennen village is situated approximately eight miles (13 km) west-southwest of Penzance.

Sennen parish is bounded by the sea to the west and bordered by the parishes of St Just to the north, St Buryan to the east, St Levan to the south. The main settlements are Churchtown, Trevescan, Carn Towan, Sennen Cove and Land's End. The population was 889 at the 2021 census.

For the purposes of local government Sennen elects a parish council every four years. The main local authority is Cornwall Council.
Use (liturgy)
A use, also commonly usage (Latin: usum) and recension, within Christian liturgy is a set of particular texts or customs distinct from other practitioners of a broader liturgical ritual family, typically on the basis of locality or religious order.: xv  Especially prevalent within the Latin liturgical rites of the Middle Ages, few significant uses persisted following a general suppression of these variations by Pope Pius V in the 16th century. The word "use" is most commonly applied to distinct practices branching from the Roman Rite, though it and "recension" can be applied in variations of other ritual families, such as the Ruthenian recension of the Byzantine Rite, the Maronite Use of the West Syriac Rite and the Syro-Malabar Use of the East Syriac Rite.: xv  In the historic context of the Scottish Episcopal Church, "usage" refers to certain aspects of the Eucharistic liturgy valued by some nonjurors.

Ritual family
Rites (Latin: ritus), liturgical rites, and ritual families within Christian liturgy refer to the families of liturgies, rituals, prayers, and other practices historically connected to a place, denomination, or group. Rites often interact with one another, such as in liturgical Latinization, and contain subsets known as uses. There are two broad categories which ritual families fall into: Latin or Western rites associated with Western Christianity and Eastern rites associated with Eastern Christianity. The most common rite is the Roman Rite, itself a Latin liturgical rite and further subdivided into several uses.
Iodine clock reaction
The iodine clock reaction, sometimes called the Landolt reaction, is a classical chemical clock experiment that is performed as a mechanism to demonstrate chemical kinetics in action. It was first observed by Hans Heinrich Landolt in 1886. The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations, which each involve iodine species (iodide ion, free iodine, or iodate ion) and redox reagents in the presence of starch. Two colourless solutions are mixed and at first there is no visible reaction. After a short time delay, the liquid suddenly turns to a shade of dark blue due to the formation of a triiodide–starch complex. In some variations, the solution will repeatedly cycle from colorless to blue and back to colorless, until the reagents are depleted.

Chemical clock
A chemical clock (or clock reaction) is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the onset of an observable property (discoloration or coloration) occurs after a predictable induction time due to the presence of clock species at a detectable amount. 
In cases where one of the reagents has a visible color, crossing a concentration threshold can lead to an abrupt color change after a reproducible time lapse.
Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
Susanne Hoeber Rudolph (April 3, 1930 – December 23, 2015) was an American author, political thinker and educationist. She was a William Benton Distinguished Service Professor Emerita at the University of Chicago and was actively interested in Politics, Political Economy and Political Sociology of South Asia, State Formation, Max Weber and the Politics of Category and Culture. The Government of India, in 2014, honored her, along with her husband, Lloyd I. Rudolph, for their services to literature and education, by bestowing on them the third highest civilian award, the Padma Bhushan.

Lloyd Rudolph
Lloyd Irving Rudolph (November 1, 1927 – January 16, 2016) was an American political economist, political scientist, author, political thinker, educationist and the Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Chicago, known for his scholarship and writings on the India social and political milieu. The Government of India, in 2014, honored Lloyd Rudolph and his wife, Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, for their services to literature and education, by bestowing on them the third highest civilian award, the Padma Bhushan.
Captain Miša Mansion
The Mansion of Miša Anastasijević (Serbian: Капетан Мишино здање, romanized: Kapetan Mišino zdanje) is one of the most notable buildings in Belgrade, Serbia. It is the University of Belgrade's administration and governance building.

University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade (Serbian: Универзитет у Београду / Univerzitet u Beogradu) is a public research university in Belgrade, Serbia. It is the oldest and largest modern university in Serbia.

Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments by 1838 to form a single university. The university has around 59,600 enrolled students and over 4,600 academic staff members. Since its founding, the university has educated more than 378,000 bachelors, approximately 25,100 master's, 29,000 specialists, and 14,670 doctors. The university comprises 31 faculties, 12 research institutes, the university library, and 9 university centres. The faculties are organized into four groups: social sciences and humanities; medical sciences; natural sciences and mathematics; and technological sciences.
Maine State Route 219
State Route 219 (abbreviated SR 219) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in the western central part of the state. It runs for 35.1 miles (56.5 km) from the town center of Greenwood to an intersection with State Route 133 in Wayne.

SR 219 runs through parts of Oxford, Androscoggin and Kennebec counties.

Maine State Route 133
State Route 133 (SR 133) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, running from U.S. Route 202 (US 202), SR 11, and SR 100 in Winthrop to US 2 and SR 4 in Farmington. The first two miles of the route runs concurrently with SR 41. The total length of SR 133 is 28.76 miles (46.28 km).
Traevon Jackson
Traevon Jackson (born December 11, 1992) is an American former professional basketball player who last played for the Norrköping Dolphins of the Swedish Basketball League. He played college basketball for the Wisconsin Badgers. Jackson's father, Jim, played in the National Basketball Association for 14 seasons.

Jim Jackson (basketball)
James Arthur Jackson (born October 14, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player. Over his 14 National Basketball Association (NBA) seasons, Jackson was on the active roster of 12 different teams, which was an NBA record shared with Joe Smith, Tony Massenburg, Chucky Brown, and Ish Smith; until Ish played with the Denver Nuggets, his 13th team, in the 2022–23 season. He is currently a basketball analyst for Fox Sports, Turner Sports and the Los Angeles Clippers on Bally Sports West, having previously worked for the Big Ten Network. Jim Jackson also works as an analyst for the NBA Playoffs on NBATV.
Yamaha XV535
The Yamaha Virago 535 is a motorcycle manufactured by Yamaha Motor Corporation. It is one of several in the Virago line and is positioned as mid-size cruiser with an engine displacement of 535 cc (32.6 cu in).

It is unique in being one of the few smaller cruiser-style motorcycles available with a shaft drive instead of a chain or belt final drive system, as well as a V-twin engine of that size. Its heavily chromed body styling is also distinctive.

This model was discontinued in 2004 in the US and 2003 and replaced by the V-Star 650 (known as the DragStar in Europe). I

Yamaha DragStar 650
The Yamaha DragStar 650 (also known as the V Star 650 and the XVS650/XVS650A) is a cruiser-style motorcycle produced by Yamaha Motor Company between 1997 and 2017.

The XVS650 came in two models: the Custom with a lower seat height and slightly less weight, and the Classic with a higher seat.
Best College Football Player ESPY Award
The Best College Football Player ESPY Award was presented annually between 1993 and 2001 to the collegiate American football player adjudged to be the best in the United States in a given calendar year.  The award was subsumed in 2002 by the Best Male College Athlete ESPY Award.

The award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively experts; and ESPN personalities from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.  Inasmuch as the ESPY Awards ceremonies were conducted in February during the pendency of the award's existence, an award presented in a given year is for performance and achievements in the one year theretofore.

ESPY Awards
The ESPY Awards (short for Excellence in Sports Performance Yearly Awards, and often referred to as the ESPYs) is an annual American awards show produced by ESPN since 1993, recognizing individual and team athletic achievement and other sports-related performance during the calendar year preceding a given annual ceremony. From 2015 to 2019, and since 2021, the ceremony has aired live on sister broadcast television network ABC, while ESPN continues to air them in the form of replays. Because of the ceremony's rescheduling prior to the 2002 iteration thereof, awards presented in 2002 were for achievement and performances during the seventeen-plus previous months. As the similarly styled Grammy (for music), Emmy (for television), Academy Award (for film), and Tony (for theater), the ESPYs are hosted by a contemporary celebrity; the style, though, is lighter, more relaxed and self-referential than many other awards shows, with comedic sketches usually included.