hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tom Goodwin (New Jersey politician)
Thomas Goodwin (born c. 1951) is an American politician and businessman who served as a member of the New Jersey Senate from the 14th legislative district. Selected on March 11, Goodwin succeeded Bill Baroni, who had resigned to take a role in Governor Chris Christie's administration. He was sworn in on March 15, 2010, and sought re-election in a special June primary and November general election. He was defeated in November 2010 by Assemblywoman Linda R. Greenstein.

Linda R. Greenstein
Linda R. Greenstein (born June 7, 1950) is an American attorney and politician who has served since 2010 as a member of the New Jersey Senate representing the 14th legislative district. She previously served in the General Assembly from 2000 to 2010.
Aggabai Sasubai
Aggabai Sasubai is an Indian Marathi language TV series which aired on Zee Marathi. It is directed by Ajay Mayekar and produced by Sunil Bhosale under the banner of Someel Creations. It stars Nivedita Saraf, Tejashri Pradhan and Girish Oak in lead roles. It premiered from 22 July 2019 by replacing Tula Pahate Re.

The series is about Asavari Kulkarni (played by Nivedita Saraf), a middle-aged widow and single mother whose daughter in law Shubhra (played by Tejashri Pradhan) tries to get her remarried to Abhijeet Raje (played by Girish Oak), a popular chef. Aggabai Sasubai had a sequel titled Aggabai Sunbai which was aired from 15 March to 21 August 2021 and starred actors Adwait Dadarkar and Uma Pendharkar for the roles of Soham and Shubhra respectively. Mohan Joshi replaced actor Ravi Patwardhan from January to March 2021 after Patwardhan's death.

Aggabai Sunbai
Aggabai Sunbai is a Marathi-language television program that aired on Zee Marathi from 15 March 2021. Nivedita Joshi-Saraf, Girish Oak, Uma Pendharkar, Adwait Dadarkar and Mohan Joshi are in lead roles. It is a sequel series to Aggabai Sasubai.
Laura Rockefeller Chasin
Laura Spelman Rockefeller (October 11, 1936 – November 17, 2015) was an American philanthropist. She was the eldest child of Laurance Spelman Rockefeller (1910–2004) and Mary French (1910–1997), and a fourth generation member of the Rockefeller family. She has two younger sisters, Marion, Lucy Aldrich Rockefeller, and a younger brother, Laurance Spelman Rockefeller Jr. Her patrilineal great-grandfather was Standard Oil's co-founder John D. Rockefeller and her matrilineal great-grandfather was Frederick H. Billings, a president of Northern Pacific Railway. Both of her grandmothers, Mary Billings French and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, were important to the early development of YWCA USA.  Chasin is known as the founder, former executive director, and former board member of the Public Conversations Project in Watertown, Massachusetts. She died in 2015 age 79

Lucy Rockefeller Waletzky
Lucy Aldrich Rockefeller Waletzky (born 1941) is an American philanthropist and environmentalist. She is the third daughter of Laurance Spelman Rockefeller (1910–2004) and Mary French (1910–1997), and a fourth-generation member of the Rockefeller family. Waletzky served on the board of the Friends of the Rockefeller State Park Preserve from 1997 to 2006. She received the Governor's Parks and Preservation Award in 2004.
Makruh
In Islamic terminology, something which is makruh or makrooh (Arabic: مكروه, transliterated: makrooh or makrūh) is "discouraged". This is one of the five categories (al-ahkam al-khamsa) in Islamic law – wajib/fard (obligatory), Mustahabb/mandub (recommended), mubah (neutral), makruh (disapproved), haram (forbidden).

Though a makruh act is not haram (forbidden) or subject to punishment, a person who abstains from this act will be rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to avoid such actions when or as possible. It is one of the degrees of approval (ahkam) in Islamic law. In the terminology of Islamic jurisprudence, "Makruh" refers to an action that is not forbidden to do, but had better to be abandoned.

Acts considered makruh can vary between different madhhabs due to differing scholarly interpretations of the Quran and Hadith, with Hanafi scholars in particular differing from the other madhhabs in regard to classification of makruh.

Fard
Farḍ (Arabic: فرض) or farīḍah (فريضة) or fardh in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God. The word is also used in Turkish, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, Bangla (spelled farz or faraz), and Malay (spelled fardu or fardhu) in the same meaning. Muslims who obey such commands or duties are said to receive hasanat (حسنة), ajr (أجر) or thawab (ثواب) for each good deed.

Fard or its synonym wājib (واجب) is one of the five types of ahkam (أحكام) into which fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim.  The Hanafi fiqh, however, does not consider both terms to be synonymous, and makes a distinction between wajib and fard, the latter being obligatory and the former slightly lesser degree than being obligatory.
Abdul Kahar Othman
Abdul Kahar bin Othman (1954 – 30 March 2022) was a Singaporean drug trafficker who was found guilty in 2013 of two charges of trafficking a total of 66.77 grams of heroin in Singapore, and later sentenced to death by the High Court in February 2015. After the end of his trial, Abdul Kahar tried to appeal the verdict but the courts dismissed his legal challenges and upheld his death sentence.

It was not until seven years later when Abdul Kahar's execution date was finally scheduled on 30 March 2022. Despite the appeals by human rights activists to the Government of Singapore to commute his sentence, Abdul Kahar was hanged as scheduled at Changi Prison, and he was 68 years old at the time of his execution. Abdul Kahar was the first person to be hanged in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic in the country itself.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
Weissenhaus Freestyle Chess Grand Slam
The Weissenhaus Freestyle Chess Grand Slam was a 10-player Chess960 tournament that took place in Wangels, Germany from 7 February to 14 February 2025. It was the first leg of the Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Tour, a series of Chess960 tournaments being held throughout 2025.

Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Tour
The Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Tour was a series of Chess960 tournaments in 2025 organized by Freestyle Chess Operations. It consisted of five "Grand Slam" tournaments following a format similar to the Freestyle Chess G.O.A.T. Challenge, held in 2024. Players scored points based on placement in each event, with the player with the highest score at the end of the year becoming the Freestyle Chess Champion.

The final event of the tour was held in Cape Town, South Africa, in December 2025. Levon Aronian went undefeated, beating Magnus Carlsen to win the event. Due to his performance in previous rounds, Carlsen, who won two of the five events, was the overall winner of the tour. The top six players — Carlsen, Aronian, Fabiano Caruana, Vincent Keymer, Javokhir Sindarov, and Arjun Erigaisi — qualified to the Freestyle Chess World Championship, set for February 13 to 15, 2026.
Hyposmia
Hyposmia, or microsmia, is a reduced ability to smell and to detect odors. A related condition is anosmia, in which no odors can be detected. Some of the causes of olfaction problems are allergies, nasal polyps, viral infections and head trauma. In 2012 an estimated 9.8 million people aged 40 and older in the United States had hyposmia and an additional 3.4 million had anosmia/severe hyposmia.

Hyposmia might be a very early sign of Parkinson's disease. Hyposmia is also an early and almost universal finding in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Lifelong hyposmia could be caused by or comorbid with Kallmann syndrome or autism. Along with other chemosensory disturbances, hyposmia can be a key indicator of COVID-19.

Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste.

In humans, it occurs when an odor binds to a receptor within the nasal cavity, transmitting a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input will start to interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.

There are many different things which can interfere with a normal sense of smell, including damage to the nose or smell receptors, anosmia, upper respiratory infections, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
5th South Carolina Regiment
The 5th South Carolina Regiment (1st Rifle Regiment) was raised on February 22, 1776, at Charleston, South Carolina, for service with the South Carolina Troops and later assigned to the Continental Army. The regiment saw action at the Siege of Savannah. The regiment was merged into the 1st South Carolina Regiment on February 11, 1780.

1st South Carolina Regiment
The 1st South Carolina Regiment was authorized on June 6, 1775, at Charleston, South Carolina, for infantry service with the South Carolina State Troops. On November 4, 1775, the unit was adopted into the Continental Army and on February 27, 1776 was assigned to the Southern Department. The regiment saw action at the Siege of Savannah and the Siege of Charleston. The British Army captured the regiment at Charleston on May 12, 1780, together with the rest of the Southern Department.
Istituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino
Istituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino S.p.A., commonly known as just San Paolo, was an Italian bank. It was headquartered in Turin, Piedmont. The bank is the predecessor of Sanpaolo IMI, as well as the current largest bank in Italy in terms of total assets, Intesa Sanpaolo. The former owner of San Paolo bank, Compagnia di San Paolo, still significantly owned Intesa Sanpaolo. In 1998 the bank merged with Istituto Mobiliare Italiano to form Sanpaolo IMI.

Sanpaolo IMI
Sanpaolo IMI S.p.A. was an Italian banking and insurance conglomerate, based in Turin. It employed about 44,000 people and had about 7 million customers.

On 24 August 2006, a merger with Banca Intesa was announced, which on 1 December 2006 was approved by the joint meetings of the shareholders of Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI. On 2 January 2007, the merger went into effect, thereby creating Intesa Sanpaolo, now the largest Italian bank and one of the largest in the Eurozone.

The new banking company is based in Turin and is administered under the "two-tier model", with the presence of a Supervisory Board and a Board of Management. This was the first application of this model in a major Italian company.
Finnish national road 3
Finnish national road 3 (Finnish: Valtatie 3 or Kolmostie; Swedish: Riksväg 3) is a highway in Finland between Helsinki and Vaasa via Hämeenlinna and Tampere. The road is 424 kilometres (263 mi) long and it is part of the European route E12. 180 kilometres (110 mi) of the highway is motorway, connecting Helsinki to Tampere. North of Tampere, the road is mostly two-lane road, with a share of 2+1 road. The busiest point on Highway 3 is in Helsinki, north of the Ring I junction, where the average traffic volume is about 90,000 vehicles per day.

Back in the late 1950s before the current freeway, the Finnish regional road 132 (Mt 132) was the former main road to Hämeenlinna and Tampere via Loppi and Janakkala.

Highways in Finland
Highways in Finland, or Main roads, comprise the highest categories of roads in Finland:

Main roads Class I – Finnish: valtatiet; Swedish: riksvägar  – numbered 1–39, between major cities

Main roads Class II – Finnish: kantatiet; Swedish: stamvägar – numbered 40–99, between regional centers
Phallic stage
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the phallic stage is the third stage of psychosexual development, spanning the ages of three to six years, wherein the infant's libido (desire) centers upon their genitalia as the erogenous zone. When children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents, they gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring each other and their genitals, the center of the phallic stage, in the course of which they learn the physical differences between the male and female sexes and their associated social roles, experiences which alter the psychologic dynamics of the parent and child relationship.  The phallic stage is the third of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital.

Genital stage
The genital stage in psychoanalysis is the term used by Sigmund Freud to describe the final stage of human psychosexual development. The individual develops a strong sexual interest in people outside of the family.  The genital stage is the fifth of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital.
Dęblin
Dęblin [ˈdɛmblʲin] ⓘ is a town at the confluence of Vistula and Wieprz rivers, in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. Dęblin is the part of the agglomeration with adjacent towns of Ryki and Puławy, which together have over 100,000 inhabitants. The population of the town itself is 15,505 (December 2021). Dęblin is part of the historic region of Lesser Poland. Since 1927 it has been the home of the chief Polish Air Force Academy (Polish: Lotnicza Akademia Wojskowa), and as such Dęblin is one of the most important places associated with aviation in Poland. The town is also a key railroad junction, located along the major Warsaw – Kyiv line, with two additional connections stemming from Dęblin – one westwards to Radom, and another one northeast to Łuków.

Ryki
Ryki [ˈrɨkʲi] is a town in the Lublin Voivodeship in eastern Poland, capital of Ryki County. It has 9,767 inhabitants (as of 2007). It is situated between Warsaw and Lublin. Ryki belongs to Lesser Poland, and historically is part of Ziemia Stężycka (Land of Stężyca, an ancient county, the only part of historic Sandomierz Voivodeship which was located on the right bank of the Vistula river). The distance to the Polish capital is 100 km (62 mi), the distance to Lublin – 64 km (40 mi).
Andrew Lesnie
Andrew Lesnie ACS ASC (1 January 1956 – 27 April 2015) was an Australian cinematographer.

He was best known for his collaboration with director Peter Jackson on The Hobbit trilogy (2012–2014) and The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001–2003), with the latter earning him the Academy Award for Best Cinematography in 2002 for his work on The Fellowship of the Ring.

Australian Cinematographers Society
The Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS) is a not-for-profit organisation founded in 1958 for the purpose of providing a forum for Australian cinematographers to further develop their skills through mutual co-operation.
Gregor and the Marks of Secret
Gregor and the Marks of Secret is an epic fantasy children's novel by Suzanne Collins. It is the fourth book in the The Underland Chronicles and was first published by Scholastic in 2006. It picks up soon after the end of Gregor and the Curse of the Warmbloods. The protagonist, Gregor, joins Luxa on a quest to discover what is happening to the mysteriously disappearing population of mice.

Gregor and the Curse of the Warmbloods
Gregor and the Curse of the Warmbloods is an epic fantasy children's novel by Suzanne Collins. It is the third book in The Underland Chronicles, and was first published by Scholastic in 2005. The novel takes place a few months after the events of the preceding book, in the same subterranean world known as the Underland. In this installment, the young protagonist Gregor is once again recruited by the Underland's inhabitants, this time to help cure a rapidly-spreading plague.

Gregor and the Curse of the Warmbloods has been published as stand-alone hardcovers and paperbacks, as well as part of a boxed set. It was released as an audiobook on December 13, 2005, read by Paul Boehmer. In August 2010, it was released in ebook form. It has been lauded for "[addressing] a number of political issues ... in a manner accessible to upper elementary and middle school readers".
Tale of Ragnar Lodbrok
The Tale of Ragnarr Loðbrók (Old Norse: Ragnars saga loðbrókar) is an Icelandic legendary saga of the 13th century about the Viking ruler Ragnarr loðbrók. It is first found in the same manuscript as Vǫlsunga saga, which it immediately follows. The tale covers the origin of Áslaug, Ragnarr's quest for the hand of Þóra borgarhjǫrtr, his later marriage to Áslaug, the deeds of their sons (and Áslaug) in battle, and Ragnarr's death at the hands of king Ælla of Northumbria.

Völsunga saga
The Völsunga saga (Old Norse: Vǫlsunga saga, often referred to in English as the Volsunga Saga or Saga of the Völsungs) is a legendary saga, a late 13th-century prose rendition in Old Norse of the origin and decline of the Völsung clan (including the story of Sigurd and Brunhild and the destruction of the Burgundians). It is one of the most famous legendary sagas and an example of a "heroic saga" that deals with Germanic heroic legend.

The saga covers topics including the quarrel between Sigi and Skaði, a huge family tree of great kings and powerful conquerors, the quest led by Sigmund and Sinfjǫtli to save princess Signý from the evil king Siggeir, and, most famously, Sigurd killing the serpent/dragon Fáfnir and obtaining the cursed ring Andvaranaut that Fáfnir guarded.
The Mountain Goats
The Mountain Goats are an American indie folk band formed in Claremont, California, by singer-songwriter John Darnielle. The band is currently based in Durham, North Carolina. For many years, the sole member of the Mountain Goats was Darnielle, despite the plural moniker. Although he remains the core member of the band, he has worked with a variety of collaborators over time, including bassist and vocalist Peter Hughes, drummer Jon Wurster, multi-instrumentalist Matt Douglas, singer-songwriter Franklin Bruno, bassist and vocalist Rachel Ware, singer-songwriter/producer John Vanderslice, guitarist Kaki King, and multi-instrumentalist Annie Clark.

Throughout the 1990s, the Mountain Goats were known for producing low-fidelity home recordings (most notably, on a cassette deck boombox) and releasing recordings in cassette or vinyl 7-inch formats.  Since 2002, the Mountain Goats have adopted a more polished approach, often recording studio albums with a full band.

Franklin Bruno
Franklin Bruno (born December 29, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter, academic and writer originally from Upland, California. He has been a member of Nothing Painted Blue since its inception in 1986.

Bruno has written music criticism for online and print publications such as The Village Voice. In 2004, he received a doctorate in philosophy from UCLA. As of 2020, he is a lecturer at SUNY Purchase. Previously he has been a faculty member at Pomona College, Northwestern University, and Bard College.

In addition to his own recordings, Bruno worked on The Mountain Goats albums Tallahassee and The Sunset Tree.  He also records with The Mountain Goats frontman John Darnielle as The Extra Lens. Jenny Toomey and Calexico released Tempting, a collection of Bruno's songs, on Misra Records in December 2002.

Civics, the first album by Bruno's new band, The Human Hearts, was released by Tight Ship Records in 2007.
Grey Gardens (estate)
Grey Gardens is a 14-room house at 3 West End Road and Lily Pond Lane in the Georgica Pond neighborhood of East Hampton, New York. It was the residence of the Beale family from 1924 to 1979, including mother and daughter Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale and Edith "Little Edie" Bouvier Beale from 1952 to 1977. The 1975 documentary Grey Gardens depicted the two living in squalor in the mansion; the highly regarded film spawned a 2006 Broadway musical, a 2009 television movie, and other adaptations.

The house dates from 1897, and was designed by Joseph Greenleaf Thorp. Other owners included Ben Bradlee and Sally Quinn, who lived in the house from 1979 to 2014, and extensively restored it before moving in. As of 2017 it was owned by fashion designer and entrepreneur Liz Lange.

Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale
Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale (October 5, 1895 – February 5, 1977) was an American socialite and singer known for her reclusive and eccentric lifestyle. Known as Big Edie, she was a sister of John Vernou Bouvier III and an aunt of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and socialite Princess Lee Radziwill. Her life and relationship with her daughter Edith Bouvier Beale was highlighted in the 1975 documentary Grey Gardens.
The Jew Among Thorns
"The Jew Among Thorns" (German: Der Jude im Dorn), also known as The Jew in the Brambles, is an antisemitic fairytale collected by the Brothers Grimm (no. 110). It is a tale of Aarne–Thompson type 592 ('Dancing in Thorns'). A similar antisemitic tale in the collection is The Good Bargain.

The Good Bargain
"The Good Bargain" (German: Der Gute Handel) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, KHM 7. This antisemitic fairytale was added to the Grimms' collection Kinder- und Hausmärchen with the second edition of 1819. It is a tale of Aarne–Thompson type 1642.  A similar anti-Semitic tale collected by the Grimms' is The Jew Among Thorns (Der Jude im Dorn).
Police United F.C.
Police United Football club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลเพื่อนตำรวจ) is a Thai defunct football club that was managed by the Royal Thai Police from 1960 to 2008. In 2017, the club merged with BEC Tero Sasana and changed the name to Police Tero at the beginning of season 2018.

Police Tero F.C.
Police Tero Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลโปลิศ เทโร), formerly known as BEC-Tero Sasana, is a Thai professional football club based in Lak Si, Bangkok. The club finished runners-up in the inaugural AFC Champions League competition in 2003. BEC-Tero Sasana Football Club merged with Police United Football Club in the 2017 season and changed its official name to Police Tero Football Club in the 2018 season.

The club has won 2 Thai League 1 titles, 1 Kor Royal Cup and 1 Thai League Cup. They were also the finalist in the 2002–03 AFC Champions League campaign.
Rothesay, New Brunswick
Rothesay (/ˈrɒ(θ)seɪ/) is a suburban town located in Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located within Saint John's metropolitan area, it borders the town of Quispamsis to form the Kennebecasis Valley and is located along the lower Kennebecasis River. As of 2021, the population of Rothesay was 11,977.

Quispamsis
Quispamsis (/kwɪs.pæm.sɪs/, sometimes shortened to Quispam /kwɪsˈpæm/) is a suburban town located in Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located within Saint John's metropolitan area, it borders the town of Rothesay to form the Kennebecasis Valley and is located along the lower Kennebecasis River. As of 2021, the population of Quispamsis was 18,768.