hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lateran Council of 649
The Lateran Council of 649 was a synod held in the Basilica of St. John Lateran to condemn Monothelitism, a Christology espoused by many Eastern Christians, and (to some degree) Pope Honorius. The Council did not achieve ecumenical status in either East or West, but represented the first attempt of a pope to convene an ecumenical council independent of the Roman emperor.

According to Andrew Ekonomou, the irony of the council was that the denunciation of the theology of Constantinople came from the "collaboration of a Greco-Palestinian pope and a Constantinopolitan monk employing a style of theological discourse whose tradition was purely Eastern." Although Pope Martin I and Maximus the Confessor were abducted by Constans II and tried in Constantinople for their role in the council (Martin I being replaced as pope before dying in exile), their position was ultimately endorsed by the Third Council of Constantinople in 680.

Constans II
Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας, romanized: Kōnstās; 7 November 630 – 15 July 668), also called "the Bearded" (Greek: ὁ Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: ho Pōgōnãtos), was the Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668. Constans was the last attested emperor to serve as consul, in 642, although the office continued to exist until the reign of Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912). His religious policy saw him steering a middle line in disputes between the Orthodox and Monothelites by refusing to persecute either and prohibited discussion of the natures of Jesus Christ under the Typos of Constans in 648. His reign coincided with Arab invasions under Umar, Uthman, and Mu'awiya I in the late 640s to 660s. Constans was the first emperor to visit Rome since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and the last one to visit Rome while the Empire still held it.
Thin-film transistor
A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special type of field-effect transistor (FET) where the transistor is made by thin film deposition. TFTs are grown on a supporting (but non-conducting) substrate, such as glass. This differs from the conventional bulk metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), where the semiconductor material typically is the substrate, such as a silicon wafer. The traditional application of TFTs is in TFT liquid-crystal displays.

Field-effect transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field-effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET.
McWay Creek
McWay Creek is a 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km) coastal stream in Monterey County in the U.S. state of California. It flows steeply west and south from McWay Canyon, high in California's Central Coast Range, and spills into the Pacific Ocean at Waterfall Cove after flowing over scenic McWay Falls. Most of the creek and its watershed are contained within Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park, 12 miles (19 km) south of Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park. The creek is named after Christopher McWay  from New York, a pioneer who homesteaded the property.

A Pelton wheel was installed in McWay Creek and generated power for Saddle Rock Ranch, the only electricity in the area for many years. The creek and its canyon are rich in vegetation types, due to the humid coastal climate with frequent fog and rainfall.

Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park
Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park is a state park in California, 12 miles south of Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park on California's Pacific coast.  A main feature of the park is McWay Falls, which drops over a cliff of 80 feet (24 m)  into the Pacific Ocean.   The park is also home to 300-foot (90 m) redwoods which are over 2,500 years old.  The park is named after Julia Pfeiffer Burns, a respected resident and rancher in the Big Sur region in the early 20th century, who lived in the area for much of her life until her death in 1928.  The 6-square-mile (16-square-kilometer) park was established in 1962.
Pünderich
Pünderich is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Zell, whose seat is in the municipality of Zell an der Mosel.

Zell (Mosel)
Zell (Mosel) (German pronunciation: [tsɛl] ⓘ) is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Zell has roughly 4,300 inhabitants and is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
Akagi, Gunma
Akagi (赤城村, Akagi-mura) was a village located in Seta District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 12,184 and a density of 155.63 persons per km2. The total area was 78.29 km2.

On February 20, 2006, Akagi, along with the town of Ikaho, the villages of Komochi and Onogami (all from Kitagunma District), and the village of Kitatachibana (also from Seta District), was merged into the expanded city of Shibukawa.

Kitatachibana, Gunma
Kitatachibana (北橘村, Kitatachibana-mura) was a village located in Seta District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 10,205 and a density of 540.23 persons per km2. The total area was 18.89 km2.

On February 20, 2006, Kitatachibana, along with the town of Ikaho, the villages of Komochi and Onogami (all from Kitagunma District), and the village of Akagi (also from Seta District), was merged into the expanded city of Shibukawa.

Although it was officially referred to as "Kitatachibana Village", the local residents commonly used the alternate pronunciation "Hokkitsu". With the 2006 merger, the "Kitatachibana" pronunciation was discarded, and the "Hokkitsu" pronunciation instated as the official one of this district of the new Shibukawa City.
Rail transport in Somalia
Railway transport in Somalia consisted of the erstwhile Mogadishu–Villabruzzi Railway and secondary tracks. The system was built during the 1910s by the authorities in Italian Somaliland. Its track gauge was 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in), a gauge favoured by the Italians in their colonies in the Horn of Africa and North Africa. The railway was dismantled in the 1940s by the British during their military occupation of Italian Somaliland, and was subsequently never rehabilitated.

Mogadishu–Villabruzzi Railway
The Mogadiscio–Villabruzzi Railway (Italian: Ferrovia Mogadiscio-Villabruzzi) is an historical railway system that ran through southern Somalia. It was constructed between 1914 and 1927 by the colonial authorities in Italian Somaliland. The railway connected the capital city Mogadishu with Afgooye, and subsequently with Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi – usually called "Villabruzzi" (present-day Jowhar). The line was later dismantled by British troops during World War II. Plans for re-establishing the railway were made in the 1980s by the Siad Barre administration, but were aborted after the regime's collapse.
National Information Infrastructure
The National Information Infrastructure (NII) was the product of the High Performance Computing Act of 1991. It was a telecommunications policy buzzword, which was popularized during the Clinton Administration under the leadership of Vice-President Al Gore.

High Performance Computing Act of 1991
The High Performance Computing Act of 1991 (HPCA) is an Act of Congress promulgated in the 102nd United States Congress as (Pub.L. 102–194) on December 9, 1991. Often referred to as the Gore Bill, it was created and introduced by then Senator Al Gore, and led to the development of the National Information Infrastructure, the funding of the National Research and Education Network (NREN), and the High-Performance Computing and Communications Program (HPCC).

The funding allocation was approximately $600 million.
Neath
Neath (/niːθ/; Welsh: Castell-nedd) is a market town and community situated in the Neath Port Talbot County Borough, Wales. The town had a population of 50,658 in 2011. The community of the parish of Neath had a population of 19,258 in 2011. Historically in Glamorgan, the town is located on the River Neath, seven miles (eleven kilometres) east-northeast of Swansea.

River Neath
River Neath (Welsh: Afon Nedd) is a river in south Wales running south west from the point at which its headwaters arising in the Brecon Beacons National Park converge to its mouth at Baglan Bay below Briton Ferry on the east side of Swansea Bay.
Concentrate and Ask Again
"Concentrate and Ask Again" is the 12th episode of the third season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe, and the 55th episode overall. In the episode, the Fringe division enlists the help of a troubled telepathic man (Omid Abtahi) in their investigation of a mysterious blue killing powder. Abtahi, Kevin Corrigan, Jody Thompson, and Paul Jarrett guest-starred.

Graham Roland and Matthew Pitts co-wrote the episode, while Dennis Smith directed. The episode first aired in the United States on February 4, 2011, to an estimated 4.3 million viewers on its initial broadcast, a 16-percent drop in viewership from the previous two Friday episodes, "Reciprocity" and "The Firefly". "Concentrate and Ask Again" received mixed to positive reviews from television critics, with writers praising the advancement of the series' mythology but criticizing the main mystery plot.

Reciprocity (Fringe)
"Reciprocity" is the eleventh episode of the third season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe, and the 54th episode overall. In the episode, the Fringe division follows a chain of shapeshifter murders as the assembly of the doomsday device nears completion. Ryan McDonald and Charles Parnell guest starred.

Co-executive producer Josh Singer wrote "Reciprocity", his seventh such credit for the series. For his third Fringe directional credit, Jeannot Szwarc served as the director. The episode first aired in the United States on January 28, 2011 to an estimated 4.57 million viewers, making it the highest rated program of the night. Television critics generally viewed the episode positively, with a number praising the revelation of the shapeshifter killer's identity.
Pointillism
Pointillism (/ˈpwæ̃tɪlɪzəm/, also US: /ˈpwɑːn-ˌ ˈpɔɪn-/) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.

Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism.  The term "Pointillism" was coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists, but is now used without its earlier pejorative connotation. The movement Seurat began with this technique is known as Neo-impressionism. The Divisionists used a similar technique of patterns to form images, though with larger cube-like brushstrokes.

Georges Seurat
Georges Pierre Seurat (UK: /ˈsɜːrɑː, -ə/ SUR-ah, -⁠ə, US: /sʊˈrɑː/ suu-RAH; French: [ʒɔʁʒ pjɛʁ sœʁa]; 2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) was a French post-Impressionist artist. He devised the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism and used conté crayon for drawings on paper with a rough surface.

Seurat's artistic personality combined qualities that are usually thought of as opposed and incompatible: on the one hand, his extreme and delicate sensibility, on the other, a passion for logical abstraction and an almost mathematical precision of mind. His large-scale work A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–1886) altered the direction of modern art by initiating Neo-Impressionism, and is one of the icons of late 19th-century painting.
Ariel Behar
Ariel Behar (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾjel βeˈaɾ]; born November 12, 1989) is a Uruguayan professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 34 achieved on 6 May 2024. He has won three ATP Tour doubles titles, all of them with Ecuadorian Gonzalo Escobar.

Behar represents Uruguay at the Davis Cup since 2009.

Gonzalo Escobar
Gonzalo Escobar (Latin American Spanish: [ɡonˈsalo eskoˈβaɾ]; born 20 January 1989, in Manta) is an Ecuadorian tennis player. His career-high doubles ranking is World No. 38, achieved on 15 November 2021. He has won three ATP doubles titles with Uruguayan Ariel Behar and three with Kazakhstani Aleksandr Nedovyesov. Escobar also has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 281 achieved on 15 June 2015.

Playing for Ecuador in Davis Cup, Escobar has a W/L record of 8–9.
National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy
The National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Banca Nazionale nel Regno d'Italia), known from 1850 to around 1870 as the National Bank of the Sardinian States (Italian: Banca Nazionale negli Stati Sardi), was a bank of issue of the Kingdom of Sardinia then the Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1861. Despite its name, it had no monopoly on money issuance, in a financial system that proved prone to instability. It was successively headquartered in Genoa (1850-1853), Turin (1850-1865), Florence (1865-1873), and Rome (1873-1893). Following the controversial failure of Banca Romana, the National Bank was eventually merged with several peers in 1893 to form the Bank of Italy.

Banca Romana
The Banca Romana (lit. 'Roman Bank') was an Italian bank of issue founded in Rome in 1834. In 1850 it was reorganized as the Bank of the Papal States (Italian: Banca dello Stato Pontificio), which in 1870 itself changed its name to Banca Romana. In the late 1880s, its difficulties developed into the major Banca Romana scandal which shook Italy's political life and triggered the creation in 1893 of the Bank of Italy. The Bank of Italy managed the Banca Romana's subsequent liquidation.
Don Curtis
Donald B. Curtis (born Donald Beitelman) (May 22, 1927 – March 6, 2008) was an American professional wrestler, best known for being a member of a tag team with Mark Lewin in the 1950s and 1960s. During his partnership with Lewin, they won the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Curtis was a wrestling promoter in Jacksonville, Florida, until 1981.

Mark Lewin
Mark Lewin (born March 16, 1937) is an American retired professional wrestler. He worked for various promotions throughout his 35-year career, including Big Time Wrestling (Detroit), Championship Wrestling from Florida, Houston Wrestling, and the World Wide Wrestling Federation.
Mississippi Valley State University
Mississippi Valley State University (MVSU, The Valley or Valley) is a public historically black university in Mississippi Valley State, Mississippi, adjacent to Itta Bena, Mississippi. MVSU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Mississippi Valley State (CDP), Mississippi
Mississippi Valley State University is a census-designated place in Leflore County, Mississippi, United States. The population at the 2020 census was 805. It is the location of Mississippi Valley State University and is adjacent to Itta Bena.
La Habana Province
La Habana Province [la aˈβana] ⓘ, formerly known as Ciudad de La Habana Province, is a province of Cuba that includes the territory of the city of Havana, the Republic's capital. The province's territory is the seat of the superior organs of the state and its provincial administration.

Between 1878 and 2010, the name referred to a different province that covered a much larger area, and after 1976 restructuring, the then-La Habana Province did not include the city of Havana. The larger province was subdivided in 2010 into the present-day provinces of Artemisa (which also took over three municipalities from Pinar del Río) and Mayabeque.

La Habana Province (1976–2010)
Havana Province (Spanish: Provincia La Habana) was one of the provinces of Cuba from 1976, when the nation's provincial structure was revised, through the end of 2010. On January 1, 2011, the province was divided into two new provinces, Artemisa and Mayabeque. La Habana Province had 711,066 people in the 2002 census. The largest city was Artemisa (81,209), as the much larger city of Havana was structured in a different province, Ciudad de La Habana Province.
Hoshina Masamitsu
Hoshina Masamitsu (保科 正光, 1561 – October 31, 1631) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. Masamitsu was the son of Hoshina Masanao, and after having lent his support to Tokugawa Ieyasu at the 1600 Battle of Sekigahara, he was given the Takatō fief in 1600.

With his father's death the following year in Takatō, Masamitsu became the new head of the Hoshina clan and served throughout the Osaka Campaigns of 1614 and 1615. Masamitsu was later privileged with the adoption of Tokugawa Hidetada's fourth son Komatsu, the future Hoshina Masayuki. His childhood name was Jinshiro (甚四郎).

Hoshina Masanao
Hoshina Masanao (保科 正直) (1542 – October 21, 1601) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period, who served the Takeda clan. He was the successor of his father Hoshina Masatoshi in the ranks of the senior Takeda retainers, and was given command of 250 cavalry.

Masanao was driven out of Takatō Castle following a Siege of Takatō (1582), but was soon allowed to return through the assistance of the Hojo clan. Following a brief conflict with Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces, Masanao became a Tokugawa retainer, and was allowed to retain Takatō. He took part in the Siege of Odawara (1590) under Ieyasu's command, and moved to the Kantō region together with Ieyasu. In the Kantō, Masanao was granted the Tako Domain.
Michael Swift (rugby union)
Michael Swift (born 18 October 1977) is an English former rugby union player. Swift played rugby professionally for 17 years and spent most of his career with Irish provincial team Connacht. He retired from playing in 2015. Though he originally played both as a flanker and a lock, Swift played almost exclusively in the second row later in his career.

At the time of his retirement Swift was the most-capped Connacht player of all time and held the record for appearances in the Celtic League/Pro12. These records were later broken by his long-time Connacht teammate John Muldoon.

John Muldoon (rugby union, born 1982)
John Muldoon (born 30 November 1982) is an Irish rugby union coach and former player. He is currently the Lineout & Maul coach for Connacht.

During his playing career, Muldoon played in the back row, primarily as a number 8 but also at blindside flanker. He spent his entire professional career with Irish provincial team Connacht and represented Ireland at test level. Muldoon holds the record for appearances for Connacht, is also the most-capped player in the Pro14.

Before becoming a professional rugby player, Muldoon played hurling with Portumna. He won an inter-county All-Ireland minor medal in 2000 playing for Galway against Cork.
Elbrus-2S+
Elbrus-2S+ (Russian: Эльбрус-2С+) is a multi-core microprocessor based on the Elbrus 2000 architecture developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST). There are multiple reports regarding the evolution of this technology for the purpose of import substitution in Russia, which was raised by several ministries in July 2014, due to economic sanctions in response to 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine. In December 2014, it was announced that Mikron Group started pilot production of a dual-core variant of this microprocessor called Elbrus-2SM (Russian: Эльбрус-2СМ) using a 90 nanometer CMOS manufacturing process in Zelenograd, Russia.

Elbrus 2000
The Elbrus 2000 (or e2k; Russian: Эльбрус 2000) is a Russian 512-bit wide VLIW microprocessor developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) and fabricated by TSMC.

It supports two instruction set architectures (ISA): Elbrus VLIW and Intel x86 (a complete, system-level implementation with a software dynamic binary translation virtual machine, similar to Transmeta Crusoe).

Due to its unique architecture, the Elbrus 2000 can execute 20 instructions per clock, so even with its modest clock speed it can compete with much faster clocked superscalar microprocessors when running in native VLIW mode. For security reasons, the Elbrus 2000 architecture implements dynamic data type-checking during execution. In order to prevent unauthorized access, each pointer has additional type information that is verified when the associated data is accessed.
Sultangazi
Sultangazi is municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 37 km2, and its population is 542,531 (2022). To the west are the neighbourhoods of Esenler and Başakşehir, Gaziosmanpaşa is to the south and Eyüpsultan is to the north and east. One border of the district is formed by the TEM highway.

In 2008 the district Sultangazi was created from parts of the districts Gaziosmanpaşa, Eyüpsultan and Esenler. The name of "Sultangazi" comes from "Sultan" word part of Sultançiftliği (meaning farm of the Sultan) and the neighbourhood of Gazi, with "gazi" the Turkish for a venerated veteran of war.

This district's population comprises many ethnic minorities, including immigrants from Bulgaria and the former Yugoslavia, the Black Sea region of Turkey, Kurds and Alevis, as well as Turks. Kurdish minority and Alevi people are mostly found in the Gazi neighbourhood, which has become infamous in Turkey after the 1995 riots.

Gazi Quarter riots
The 1995 Gazi Quarter riots (Turkish: Gazi Mahallesi olayları) or 1995 Gazi Massacre (Turkish: Gazi Katliamı) were events that occurred in March 1995 at the Gazi Quarter, a working-class neighborhood in the then Gaziosmanpaşa district, today Sultangazi district, of Istanbul, Turkey, where mostly Alevis live. The riots began after drive-by shootings on several cafés at the same time, and spread over other places in Istanbul and also in Ankara in the next days. During the four-day unrest, 23 people were killed and more than 1,400 rioters and police were injured.
Elizavetpol Governorate
The Elizavetpol Governorate, also known after 1918 as the Ganja Governorate, was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Yelisavetpol (present-day Ganja). The area of the governorate stretched 38,922.43 square versts (44,296.15 square kilometres; 17,102.84 square miles) and was composed of 1,275,131 inhabitants in 1916. The Elizavetpol Governorate bordered the Erivan Governorate to the west, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the north, the Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, the Baku Governorate to the east, and Iran to the south.

Baku Governorate
The Baku Governorate, known before 1859 as the Shemakha Governorate, was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its center in the booming metropolis and Caspian Sea port of Baku. Area (1897): 34,400 sq. versts, population (1897): 789,659. The Baku Governorate bordered Persia to the south, the Elizavetpol Governorate (the Tiflis and Erivan governorates before 1868) to the west, the Dagestan Oblast to the north, and the Baku gradonachalstvo to the east on the Absheron Peninsula.
Beerfelden
Beerfelden (German pronunciation: [beːɐ̯ˈfɛldn̩] ⓘ) was a town in the Odenwald in the Odenwaldkreis (district) in Hesse, Germany, 28 km northeast of Heidelberg. On 1 January 2018 Beerfelden, Hesseneck, Rothenberg and Sensbachtal merged to create the town Oberzent.

Hesseneck
Hesseneck (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛsn̩ˌʔɛk]) is a village and a former municipality in the Odenwaldkreis (district) in Hesse, Germany. With only just over 600 inhabitants, Hesseneck was Hesse’s smallest self-governing community. Since January 2018, it is part of the new town Oberzent.