hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pedro Cachin
Pedro Cachin (pronounced [ˈpeðɾo kaˈtʃin]; born 12 April 1995), also known as Pedro Cachín, is an Argentine former professional tennis player. Cachin had a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 48, achieved on 7 August 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 219, achieved on 9 May 2022. He won one ATP Tour singles title, at the 2023 Swiss Open Gstaad.

As a junior, he reached a career-high ranking of No. 8 on 9 December 2013.

2023 Swiss Open Gstaad – Singles
Pedro Cachin defeated Albert Ramos Viñolas in the final, 3–6, 6–0, 7–5, to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Swiss Open Gstaad. It was his first ATP Tour title.

Casper Ruud was the two-time reigning champion, but chose to compete in Båstad instead.
Anāgāmi
In Buddhism, an anāgāmin (Sanskrit; Pāli: anāgāmī, lit. 'non-returning') is a partially enlightened person who has cut off the first five fetters that bind the ordinary mind. Anāgāmins are the third of the four aspirants.

The anāgāmin is not reborn into the human world after death, but into the heaven of the Pure Abodes, where only anāgāmins reside. There they attain full enlightenment (arahantship).

Fetter (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, a mental fetter, chain or bond  (Pāli: samyojana, Sanskrit: संयोजना, romanized: saṃyojana) shackles a sentient being to saṃsāra, the cycle of lives with dukkha.  By cutting through all fetters, one attains nibbāna (Pali; Skt.: निर्वाण, nirvāṇa).
Tafamidis
Tafamidis, sold under the brand names Vyndaqel and Vyndamax, is a medication used to delay disease progression in adults with certain forms of transthyretin amyloidosis. It can be used to treat both hereditary forms, familial amyloid cardiomyopathy and familial amyloid polyneuropathy, as well as wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis, which formerly was called senile systemic amyloidosis. It works by stabilizing the quaternary structure of the protein transthyretin. In people with transthyretin amyloidosis, transthyretin falls apart and forms clumps called (amyloid) that harm tissues including nerves and the heart.

The US Food and Drug Administration considers tafamidis to be a first-in-class medication.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, also called hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR), or Corino de Andrade's disease, is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. It is a form of amyloidosis, and was first identified and described by Portuguese neurologist Mário Corino da Costa Andrade, in 1952. FAP is distinct from senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), which is not inherited, and which was determined to be the primary cause of death for 70% of supercentenarians who have been autopsied. FAP can be ameliorated by liver transplantation.
Love in the Big City (TV series)
Love in the Big City (Korean: 대도시의 사랑법) is a 2024 South Korean melodrama coming-of-age slice of life television series based on the novel of the same name by Sang Young Park, it depicts the journey of a gay man as he navigates life and love in Seoul. The screenplay is written by Park, and co-directed by Hur Jin-ho, Hong Ji-young, Son Tae-gyum and Kim Se-in. The series stars an ensemble cast including Nam Yoon-su, Lee Soo-kyung, Oh Hyun-kyung, Kwon Hyuk, Na Hyun-woo, Jin Ho-eun, and Kim Won-joong. It was released on TVING on October 21, 2024. It is also available for streaming on Viki in selected regions.

Love in the Big City (novel)
Love in the Big City (Korean: 대도시의 사랑법; RR: Daedosi-ui sarangbeop; lit. 'How to Love in the Big City') is a novel by Sang Young Park. This is his second novel, a collection of four interconnected short stories, including the Young Writers' Prize winner "A Bite of Rockfish, Taste the Universe".

A lighthearted, deeply personal look at love and separation among the free-spirited younger generation, it was published on July 1, 2019 in South Korea by Changbi Publishers.

The original novel has been translated and published in 15 countries. Its English translation was published in 2021 by Grove Atlantic in the US and Tilted Axis Press in the UK, with Anton Hur as the translator.

It was longlisted for the International Booker Prize 2022, the International Dublin Literary Award 2023, and the Prix Medicis award for foreign literature 2024.
Red Cloud (baseball)
The Red Cloud minor league baseball teams were based in Red Cloud, Nebraska in 1903 and 1910. Red Cloud played as members of the Central Nebraska League (1903) and Nebraska State League (1910). The Red Cloud moniker was cited locally as the "Indians".

Holdrege White Sox
The Holdrege White Sox were a minor league baseball team based in Holdrege, Nebraska. The White Sox played as members of the short–season Class D level Nebraska State League from 1956 to 1959 as an affiliate of the Chicago White Sox. Holdrege first fielded a team in the 1903 Central Nebraska League, winning the league title. The White Sox hosted home minor league games at Holdrege Fairgrounds Park.
Cheniella
Cheniella is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Cercidoideae and tribe Bauhinieae.  It includes ten species which range from the eastern Himalayas through Indochina and China to Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java.

Cercidoideae
Cercidoideae is a subfamily in the pea family, Fabaceae. Well-known members include Cercis (redbuds), including species widely cultivated as ornamental trees in the United States and Europe, Bauhinia, widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in tropical Asia, and Tylosema , a semi-woody genus of Africa. The subfamily occupies a basal position within the Fabaceae and is supported as monophyletic in many molecular phylogenies. At the 6th International Legume Conference, the Legume Phylogeny Working Group proposed elevating the tribe Cercidae to the level of subfamily within the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The consensus agreed to the change, which was fully implemented in 2017. It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Cercis canadensis L. and Bauhinia divaricata L. but not Poeppigia procera C.Presl, Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema.

Many genera show unique palynology.
Dripsey GAA
Dripsey GAA Hurling and Football Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in Dripsey, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Mid Cork Board and fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.

Dripsey
Dripsey (Irish: An Druipseach, meaning 'the muddy river') is a village in County Cork, Ireland, on the R618 regional road around 20 km (12 mi) west of Cork City. It is situated on a tributary of the River Lee, the Dripsey River. It is in the Catholic parish of Inniscarra. The Dripsey area hosts a water treatment plant, the Cork offices of the Environmental Protection Agency, and an award-winning garden center. The village has one pub, a primary school and a pre-school.
Liborio Zerda
Liborio Zerda (Bogotá, Republic of New Granada, 10 July 1834 (other sources state 1830 or 1833) - Bogotá, Colombia, 9 November 1919) was a Colombian physician and Muisca scholar. Zerda has been important in the natural sciences of the late 19th and early 20th century in Colombia, publishing many articles about various topics, from medicine to chemical analysis, radioactivity and the popular drink chicha.

Zerda was contemporaneous with other Muisca scholars, and influenced by them; Joaquín Acosta and Ezequiel Uricoechea. He analysed the work done by José Domingo Duquesne on the Muisca numerals and published in 1883 his major work El Dorado about the mythical El Dorado, that he situated not in Lake Guatavita as is currently accepted to have been the site of the inauguration of the new zipa, but in the Siecha Lakes in the Chingaza Natural National Park.

Liborio Zerda taught at the Colegio del Rosario in Bogotá for 60 years and died on 9 November 1919 in the Colombian capital.

José Domingo Duquesne
José Domingo Duquesne (23 February 1748, Bogotá – 30 August 1822, Bogotá) was a Colombian clergyman, theologist, scientist and writer. Polyglot Duquesne spoke Spanish, French, Latin, Greek, Italian and Chibcha.
Can Öncü
Can Alexander Öncü (born 26 July 2003) is a Turkish motorcycle racer. After spending the 2019 season in Moto3, for 2020 and 2021, he raced in the World Supersport with Turkish Racing Team, a new venture headed by Turkish former racer Kenan Sofuoğlu and supported by Pucetti Kawasaki and Orelac Racing, Öncü continued, making 2024 his fifth year with the same team.

After a change in regulations during 2018, he became the youngest Grand Prix motorcycle racing winner when he won the 2018 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix aged 15 years, 115 days, and the first Turkish winner of a GP motorcycle road race.

In late 2018, he was included into the provisional entry list for the 2019 Moto3 season with the Red Bull KTM Ajo team, despite being younger than the usual minimum age requirement of 16.

His twin brother, Deniz Öncü, is also a motorcycle racer. Both brothers are mentored by Turkish multi-world champion motorcycle racer, Kenan Sofuoğlu.

2018 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2018 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix was the nineteenth and final round of the 2018 MotoGP season. It was held at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia on 18 November 2018.

In the Moto3 race, Red Bull KTM Ajo wildcard Can Öncü made history by winning on his debut, becoming the youngest ever Grand Prix winner at the age of 15 years, 115 days.

In the MotoGP class, no Yamaha or Honda rider finished on the podium for the first time since the 2007 San Marino Grand Prix.

In the Moto2 class, this was the final race for the Honda CBR600RR inline-4 engine package and also the final race for the Tech 3 Mistral 610 and Suter MMX2 chassis packages that débuted at the 2010 Qatar Grand Prix, since a new 765cc (46.7 cu in) inline-3 engine supplied by Triumph Motorcycles was introduced and Tech 3 and Forward Racing switched manufacturers to KTM and MV Agusta respectively in 2019.
Shibpur
Shibpur is a neighbourhood in Howrah of Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).

It is well known for being the location of the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, the IIEST Shibpur and the Hajar Hath Kali Temple. The famous Bengali linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji was born in Shibpur. During British Raj, its name was written as Seebpore.

Recently, parts of administrative headquarters of the West Bengal government have been temporarily shifted to Mandirtala (Nabanna) in Shibpur. Shibpur is under the jurisdiction of Howrah Police Station, Shibpur Police Station, Chatterjeehat Police Station, B. Garden Police Station and Santragachi Police Station of Howrah City Police.

Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden
The Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, previously known as the Indian Botanic Garden, Calcutta Botanic Garden, and Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, is a botanical garden situated in Shibpur, Howrah near Kolkata. The garden houses a wide variety of rare plants boasting of a total collection of over 12,000 specimens spread over 109 hectares. It is managed by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
BT Tower
The BT Communication Tower, more commonly known as the BT Tower, is a Grade II listed communications tower in Fitzrovia, London, England, owned by MCR Hotels. It has also been known as the GPO Tower, the Post Office Tower, and the Telecom Tower. The main structure is 177 metres (581 ft) high, with aerial rigging bringing the total height to 189 metres (620 ft).

Upon completion in 1964, it was the tallest structure in London and remained so until 1980. Butlins managed a revolving restaurant in the tower from 1966 until 1980. A 360° LED screen displays news across central London.

The BT Tower was sold to MCR Hotels in 2024.

Butlin's
Butlin's is a chain of large seaside resorts in the United Kingdom, incorporated as Butlins Skyline Limited. Butlin's was founded by Billy Butlin to provide affordable holidays for ordinary British families.

Between 1936 and 1966, ten camps were built, including one in Ireland and one in the Bahamas. In the 1970s and 1980s, Butlin's also operated numerous large hotels, including one in Spain, a number of smaller holiday parks in England and France, and a revolving restaurant in the Post Office Tower in London.

Tough competition from overseas package holiday operators, rising operational costs, and rapidly changing demand, forced many of the Butlin's operations to close in the 1980s and 1990s. Three of the original camps remain open under the Butlins brand in Bognor Regis, Minehead, and Skegness. They are now owned and run by Butlins Skyline Ltd, which is now wholly owned by the Harris Family Trust.
Wakana (singer, born 1984)
Wakana Ootaki (大滝若奈, Ōtaki Wakana; born December 10, 1984) is a Japanese pop singer. She was one of the vocalists of the FictionJunction project started by Yuki Kajiura, and is a core member of the vocal group Kalafina. She is currently signed with Victor Entertainment with a solo career, having released two albums and an EP that have charted on Oricon.

Yuki Kajiura
Yuki Kajiura (梶浦 由記, Kajiura Yuki; born August 6, 1965) is a Japanese composer, arranger and music producer. She has provided the music for several popular anime series, such as Sword Art Online, Puella Magi Madoka Magica, Fate/Zero, The Garden of Sinners, Pandora Hearts, and Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba.

As a composer, Kajiura is known for her unique and distinctive musical motifs and leitmotifs, as well as for her distinctive fusion of contemporary classical music and electronic music.
Beijing–Kowloon railway
The Beijing–Kowloon railway, also known as the Jingjiu railway (simplified Chinese: 京九铁路 or 京九线; traditional Chinese: 京九鐵路 or 京九線) is a dual track railway connecting Beijing West railway station in Beijing to Shenzhen railway station in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province.

It was previously connected with Hong Kong's East Rail line across the border. All services south of Shenzhen were discontinued in July 2020, citing high-speed rail as a result.

Beijing West railway station
Beijingxi (Beijing West) railway station (Chinese: 北京西站; pinyin: Běijīngxī Zhàn), colloquially referred to as West Station (Chinese: 西客站), is located in western Beijing's Fengtai District. Opened in early 1996 after three years of construction, it was the largest railway station in Asia with an area of 510,000 m2 (5,500,000 sq ft), before being surpassed by Shanghai Hongqiao railway station in platform capacity. The station serves in average 150,000–180,000 passengers per day with a maximum of 400,000 people per day. It was expanded during the 2000s decade, during which several platforms were added. It also has a fairly large number of car-parking spaces.
Wube Haile Maryam
Wube Haile Maryam of Semien, (1799 – 1867), also called by his title Dejazmach Wube, Webé; his name is also given in European sources as ‘‘Ubie’’, was one of the major figures of 19th century Ethiopia, during the closing decades of the Zemene Mesafint (lit: Era of the princes) a period of regional lords vying for power, prestige and territory amid a weakened authority of the emperors.

The regional ruler and Dejazmach of his hereditary province of Semien, and later as the conqueror and non-Tigrayan ruler of the  Tigray Province and other coastal territories in what is now part of central Eritrea. Wube is remembered in Eritrea and Tigray for barbarous military raids. A major claimant to the Ethiopian throne during his era, Wube was defeated and imprisoned in 1855 by another contender Kassa Hailu, the future emperor Tewodros II. Some sources date Wube's defeat as the end of Ethiopia's Zemene Mesafint. He died in chains in 1867.

Semien Province
Semien Province (Amharic: ሰሜን, “North”) was a historical province  of northwest Ethiopia. It was located south and west of the Tekezé River, and north of Lake Tsana. It was south of Tigray Province, west of Tembien Province, and east of the Sudan. To some extent it covered the northern parts of the former Begemder and Wolkait now known as the Semien Gondar Zone. While its borders varied considerably over time. Alexander Murray include Wag as part of Semien.

Its 18th and 19th century capital was Inchetkaub, other towns were Addi Arkay, Debarq, Dabat, Derasghie, Mesfinto, Segonet and Sekota del Semien.

The highest point was Ras Dashen in the Semien Mountains.
The Herd (British band)
The Herd were an English rock band, founded in 1965. In 1966, 16-year-old Peter Frampton joined as lead singer and guitarist. The band had three UK top twenty hits in the late 1960s, including "From the Underworld" and "I Don't Want Our Loving to Die", before Frampton left in 1968 to form Humble Pie with Steve Marriott. The band broke up shortly after, reforming briefly and unsuccessfully in 1971.

Humble Pie
Humble Pie are an English rock band formed by former Small Faces vocalist and guitarist Steve Marriott and former Herd vocalist and guitarist Peter Frampton in Moreton, Essex, in 1969. The original line-up was completed by former Spooky Tooth bassist Greg Ridley and former Apostolic Intervention drummer Jerry Shirley. They are known as one of the first supergroups of the late 1960s and enjoyed success in the early 1970s with songs such as "Black Coffee", "30 Days in the Hole", "I Don't Need No Doctor", "Hot 'n' Nasty" and "Natural Born Bugie". Frampton left the band in 1971 and was replaced by Clem Clempson.
Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
Following the 1917 February Revolution in Russia, all legal restrictions on Russian Jews were lifted. However, the previous legacy of antisemitism was continued and furthered by the Soviet state, especially under Joseph Stalin. After 1948, antisemitism reached new heights in the Soviet Union, especially during the anti-cosmopolitan campaign, in which numerous Yiddish-writing poets, writers, painters and sculptors were arrested or killed. This campaign culminated in the so-called doctors' plot, in which a group of doctors (almost all of whom were Jewish) were subjected to a show trial for supposedly having plotted to assassinate Stalin. Although repression eased after Stalin's death, persecution of Jews would continue until the late 1980s (see: refuseniks).

History of the Jews in Russia
The history of the Jews in Russia goes back to the beginnings of the Russian state. At one time, the Russian Empire hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories, the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, and they also faced periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecution, including violent pogroms.

Many analysts have documented a "renaissance" in the Jewish community inside Russia since the beginning of the 21st century; however, the Russian Jewish population has experienced precipitous decline since the dissolution of the USSR which continues to this day, although it is still among the largest in Europe.
Paradidymis
The term paradidymis (pl.: paradidymides; organ of Giraldés) is applied to a small collection of convoluted tubules, situated in front of the lower part of the spermatic cord, above the head of the epididymis.

These tubes are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium, and probably represent the remains of a part of the Wolffian body, like the epididymis, but are functionless and vestigial. The Wolffian body operates as a kidney (mesonephros) in fishes and amphibians, but the corresponding tissue is co-opted to form parts of the male reproductive system in other classes of vertebrate. The paradidymis represents a remnant of an unused, atrophied part of the Wolffian body.

The paradidymis is homologous to the female paroophoron, as they both arise from mesonephric tubules.: 177

Mesonephros
The mesonephros (Greek: middle kidney) is one of three excretory organs that develop in vertebrates. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals. The mesonephros is also known as the Wolffian body after Caspar Friedrich Wolff who described it in 1759. (The Wolffian body is composed of: mesonephros + paramesonephrotic blastema)
Physics education
Physics education or physics teaching refers to the education methods currently used to teach physics. The occupation is called physics educator or physics teacher. Physics education research refers to an area of pedagogical research that seeks to improve those methods. Historically, physics has been taught at the high school and college level primarily by the lecture method together with laboratory exercises aimed at verifying concepts taught in the lectures. These concepts are better understood when lectures are accompanied with demonstration, hand-on experiments, and questions that require students to ponder what will happen in an experiment and why. Students who participate in active learning for example with hands-on experiments learn through self-discovery. By trial and error they learn to change their preconceptions about phenomena in physics and discover the underlying concepts. Physics education is part of the broader area of science education.

Physics education research
Physics education research (PER) is a form of discipline-based education research specifically related to the study of the teaching and learning of physics, often with the aim of improving the effectiveness of student learning. PER draws from other disciplines, such as sociology, cognitive science, education and linguistics, and complements them by reflecting the disciplinary knowledge and practices of physics. Approximately eighty-five institutions in the United States conduct research in science and physics education.
.22 BB
.22 BB Cap (Bulleted Breech Cap), also known as the 6 mm Flobert, is a variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition. Invented by Louis-Nicolas Flobert in 1845, it was the first rimfire metallic cartridge. The .22 BB Cap and .22 CB Cap are interchangeable and are relatively quiet, low velocity cartridges, designed for indoor target shooting.

Louis-Nicolas Flobert
Louis-Nicolas Flobert (1819–1894) was a French inventor. He invented the first metallic rimfire cartridge in 1845. It was a major innovation in firearms ammunition technology, as it was previously delivered as separate bullets and gunpowder, pertaining to muzzle-loading firearms. The rimfire cartridge combined both elements in a single metallic (usually brass) cartridge containing a percussion cap, gunpowder, and a bullet, into a single weatherproofed package or container. Before that, a "cartridge" was simply a pre-measured quantity of gunpowder together with a ball (bullet), in a small cloth bag (or rolled paper cylinder), which also acted as wadding for the powder charge and ball.
Brown Sugar (D'Angelo song)
"Brown Sugar" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, taken from his debut album of the same name (1995). The song was released as the album's lead single in June 1995, through the Cooltempo label. It was written and produced by D'Angelo and frequent collaborator Ali Shaheed Muhammad. The song received critical acclaim by music critics, and peaked at number 27 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. The accompanying music video was directed by American film director and producer Brett Ratner, and features D'Angelo performing the song in a nightclub.

Ali Shaheed Muhammad
Ali Shaheed Muhammad (born August 11, 1970) is an American hip hop DJ, record producer, rapper and bass guitarist, best known as a member of A Tribe Called Quest. With Q-Tip and Phife Dawg (and sometimes Jarobi White), the group released five studio albums from 1990 to 1998 before disbanding; their final album was released in 2016. He was also a member of the R&B group Lucy Pearl, and is known in recent years for his jazz collaborations with producer Adrian Younge.