hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massaman curry
Massaman curry (Thai: แกงมัสมั่น, RTGS: kaeng matsaman, pronounced [kɛ̄ːŋ mát.sā.màn] ⓘ) is a rich, flavourful, and mildly spicy Thai curry. It is a fusion dish, combining foreign ingredients from three regions — Persia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Malay Archipelago (e.g., cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, star anise, cumin, bay leaves, nutmeg, and mace) — with ingredients more commonly used in native Thai cuisine (e.g., chili peppers, coriander, lemongrass, galangal, white pepper, shrimp paste, shallots, and garlic) to make massaman curry paste. The substance of the dish is usually based on chicken, potatoes, onions, and peanuts. The richness comes from the coconut milk and cream used as a base, as for many Thai curries.

Thai curry
Thai curry (Thai: แกง, romanized: kaeng, pronounced [kɛ̄ːŋ]) is a dish in Thai cuisine made from curry paste, coconut milk or water, meat, seafood, vegetables or fruit, and herbs. Curries in Thailand mainly differ from the Indian subcontinent in their use of ingredients such as fresh rhizomes, herbs, and aromatic leaves rather than a  mix of dried spices.
Pi Day
Pi Day is an annual celebration of the mathematical constant π (pi). Pi Day is observed on March 14 (the 3rd month) since 3, 1, and 4 are the first three significant figures of π, and was first celebrated in the United States. It was founded in 1988 by Larry Shaw, an employee of a science museum in San Francisco, the Exploratorium. Celebrations often involve eating pie or holding pi recitation competitions. In 2009, the United States House of Representatives supported the designation of Pi Day. UNESCO's 40th General Conference designated Pi Day as the International Day of Mathematics in November 2019.

Other dates when people celebrate pi include Pi Approximation Day on July 22 (22/7 in the day/month format), a closer approximation of π; and June 28 (6.28), an approximation of 2π or 𝜏 (tau).

Exploratorium
The Exploratorium is a museum of science, technology, and arts in San Francisco, California. Founded by physicist and educator Frank Oppenheimer in 1969, the museum was originally located in the Palace of Fine Arts and was relocated in 2013 to Piers 15 and 17 on San Francisco's waterfront.

The museum has over 1,000 participatory exhibits and is divided into several galleries, mainly separated by content. Since its inception, the Exploratorium has expanded into other domains and has inspired an international network of participatory museums.
Zhao Bing
Zhao Bing (12 February 1272 – 19 March 1279), also known as Emperor Bing of Song or Bing, Emperor of Song (宋帝昺), was the 18th and last emperor of the Song dynasty of China, who ruled as a minor between 6 and 7 years of age.

He was also the ninth and last emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned for around 313 days in 1278 and 1279.  His reign, and the Song dynasty, ended with the Song's total defeat by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty at the naval Battle of Yamen.

Zhao Bing and his entourage had been observing the naval combat from some coastal cliffs nearby.  As the victorious enemy approached, the young emperor's advisor, Lu Xiufu, held the boy in his arms as the two of them leapt from the clifftops, killing them both.

Emperor Gong of Song
Emperor Gong of Song (2 November 1271 – 1323), personal name Zhao Xian, was the 16th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the seventh emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. The sixth son of his predecessor, Emperor Duzong, Zhao Xian came to the throne around the age of four, and reigned for less than two years before he was forced to abdicate in 1276. He was succeeded by his fifth brother, Zhao Shi (Emperor Duanzong).
Caterina Visconti
Caterina Visconti (1361 – 17 October 1404) was Duchess of Milan as the second spouse of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, the first Duke of Milan, and was the mother of two succeeding Dukes of Milan, Gian Maria and Filippo Maria Visconti.  Caterina served as Regent of Milan from 1402 to 1404, during her elder son's minority, but due to Gian Maria's suspicion of her alleged treason (planted in his mind by her enemy, the condottiero Facino Cane), he had his mother arrested and imprisoned in the castle of Monza, where she was presumably poisoned in 1404.

Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans
Valentina Visconti (1371 – 4 December 1408) was a countess of Vertus, and duchess consort of Orléans as the wife of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, the younger brother of King Charles VI of France. As duchess of Orléans, she was at court and acquired the enmity of the Queen of France, Isabeau of Bavaria, and was subsequently banned from the court and had to leave Paris. Due to political animosity, Valentina's husband was murdered in 1407. She died on 4 December 1408.
Agbang Conventual Priory
Incarnation Conventual Priory, Agbang, Kara, Togo, is a Benedictine monastery of the Congregation of the Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien. Established in 1985 by Frère Boniface Tiguila, the monastery is currently home to 28 monks. Conventual Prior Fr Bernard Anaté is the community's superior.

Benedictine Congregation of Saint Ottilien
The Ottilien Congregation, officially known as the Benedictine Congregation of Sankt Ottilien and as the Missionary Benedictines, is a congregation of religious houses within the Benedictine Confederation, the aim of which is to combine the Benedictine way of life with activity in the mission field.
Vincent Zhou
Vincent Zhou (born October 25, 2000) is an American figure skater. He is a 2022 Olympic gold medalist in the team event, a two-time World bronze medalist (2019 and 2022), the 2019 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2021 Skate America champion, and a three-time U.S. national silver medalist (2017, 2019, 2021). He is also the 2017 World Junior champion and the 2013 U.S. junior national champion.

In February 2018, Zhou became the first skater to successfully perform a quadruple Lutz at the Winter Olympics. He finished in sixth place at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

2022 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2022 World Figure Skating Championships were held from March 21 to 27, 2022, at the Sud de France Arena in Montpellier, France. Sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), the World Championships are considered the most prestigious event in figure skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2023 World Championships. Shoma Uno and Kaori Sakamoto, both of Japan, won the men's and women's events, respectively. Alexa Knierim and Brandon Frazier of the United States won the pairs event, and Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron of France won the ice dance event.
Borough of Dartford
The Borough of Dartford is a local government district with borough status in the north-west of the county of Kent, England. It is named after its main town of Dartford, where the council is based. Other notable settlements include Greenhithe, Stone and Swanscombe, along with an emerging new town at Ebbsfleet, and a number of smaller villages. It also includes Bluewater, one of the UK's largest shopping centres. The borough lies just outside the administrative boundary of Greater London, but a sizeable part of it lies within the M25 motorway which encircles London. Many of the borough's urban areas form part of the Greater London Built-up Area. The borough had a population of 116,800 at the 2021 census.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Gravesham, Sevenoaks, the London Borough of Bexley and, to the north across the River Thames, Thurrock, to which it is linked by the Dartford Crossing.

Greenhithe, Kent
Greenhithe is a village in the Borough of Dartford in Kent, England, and the civil parish of Swanscombe and Greenhithe. It is located 4 miles (6.5 kilometres) east of Dartford and 5 miles (8 kilometres) west of Gravesend.
Scale (social sciences)
In the social sciences, scaling is the process of measuring or ordering entities with respect to quantitative attributes or traits. For example, a scaling technique might involve estimating individuals' levels of extraversion, or the perceived quality of products. Certain methods of scaling permit estimation of magnitudes on a continuum, while other methods provide only for relative ordering of the entities.

The level of measurement is the type of data that is measured.

The word scale, including in academic literature, is sometimes used to refer to another composite measure, that of an index. Those concepts are however different.

Composite measure
Composite measure in statistics and research design refer to composite measures of variables, i.e. measurements based on multiple data items.

An example of a composite measure is an IQ test, which gives a single score based on a series of responses to various questions.

Three common composite measures include:

indexes - measures that summarize and rank specific observations, usually on the ordinal scale;

scales - advanced indexes whose observations are further transformed (scaled) due to their logical or empirical relationships;

typologies - measures that classify observations in terms of their attributes on multiple variables, usually on a nominal scale.
Thomas Hutton
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Jacomb Hutton, KCIE, CB, MC & Bar (27 March 1890 – 17 January 1981) was a British Army officer who held a variety of vital staff appointments between the First and Second World Wars, ultimately commanding the Burma Army during the early stages of the Japanese conquest of Burma in early 1942.

Hutton was married to Scottish psychiatrist Isabel Emslie Hutton.

Isabel Emslie Hutton
Dr Isabel Galloway Emslie MD, Lady Hutton
CBE (11 September 1887 – 11 January 1960) was a Scottish physician who specialised in mental health and social work.

She served leading units in Dr Elsie Inglis's Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service in the front line in World War I and won awards from the British, Serbian, Russian and French. Emslie married British military officer Lt General Sir Thomas Jacomb Hutton.
Asian Weightlifting Federation
The Asian Weightlifting Federation (AWF) is the official governing body for the sport of weightlifting in Asia. The federation was established in 1958, Japan. It is responsible for organizing competitions such as the Asian Weightlifting Championships and setting down rules and guidelines. Given the size of Asia, the federation has specific organisations operating in its countries such as the Japan Weightlifting Association, etc.

Asian Weightlifting Championships
The Asian Weightlifting Championships is a weightlifting championship organised by the Asian Weightlifting Federation for competitors from the Asian countries. It has been held since 1969 for men and 1988 for women. In 2008 the championships provided the official qualification for Asian competitors in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Paul Lontsié-Keuné
Paul Lontsié-Keuné, (born 25 August 1963), is a Cameroonian Roman Catholic prelate who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bafoussam, Cameroon since 2021. Before that, from 2017 until 2021 he was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yokadouma, Cameroon. He contemporaneously served as Apostolic Administrator of Yokadouma, Cameroon from 27 November 2021 until 1 March 2025. He was appointed bishop by Pope Francis on 25 April 2017. He was consecrated and installed bishop at Yokadouma on 5 July 2017.

Diocese of Yokadouma
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Yokadouma (Latin: Yokaduman(a)) is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan of Bertoua in Eastern Cameroon, yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Cathédrale Marie Reine de la Paix, dedicated to Our Lady Queen of Peace, in the city of Yokadouma.
Cisco Aguilar
Francisco V. Aguilar (born 1976/1977) is an American lawyer and politician currently serving as the secretary of state of Nevada since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected in 2022, defeating Republican Jim Marchant.

Born and raised in Arizona, Aguilar received both his undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of Arizona. After moving to Nevada in 2004, Aguilar worked for Nevada Senator Harry Reid, and went on to serve in both private and public roles in law, business, and education until he was elected to state-wide office in 2022.

2022 Nevada Secretary of State election
The 2022 Nevada Secretary of State election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the next secretary of state of Nevada.

Incumbent Republican Barbara Cegavske was term-limited and could not seek a third term.
Tri-State Collegiate Hockey League
The Tri-State Collegiate Hockey League (TSCHL) is an ACHA Division II level ice hockey league. ACHA Division II level consists of players with previous Jr. A, AAA or Midget Major experience, along with high caliber high school experience. The level can range from varsity high school up to NCAA Division III skills, depending on the programs.

American Collegiate Hockey Association
The American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) is a college ice hockey association. The ACHA's purpose is to be an organization of collegiate affiliated programs, which provides structure, regulates operations, and promotes quality in collegiate ice hockey. The ACHA currently has three men's and two women's divisions and includes approximately 450 teams from across the United States and Canada. Most ACHA teams offer few athletic scholarships and typically receive far less university funding. The ACHA offers an opportunity for college hockey programs that struggle with large budgets and Title IX issues, as an alternative to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) financial structure.
25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes
Air strikes on Kharkiv were carried out by the Russian Armed Forces in four locations on 25 May 2024. At least one UMPB D-30SN bomb was dropped at an Epicentr K hypermarket, destroying it. Russian forces dropped another bomb on the central park of culture and recreation, but it did not detonate. In the evening, Russian forces hit a street in a dense residential area of the city. At least two of the victims killed in the airstrike were Epicentr store employees.

According to the Kharkiv Oblast Governor, 19 people were killed as a result of the attacks and at least 65 were injured.

Epicentr K
50°29′12″N 30°36′34″E﻿ / ﻿50.48667°N 30.60944°E﻿ / 50.48667; 30.60944

Epicentr K (Ukrainian: Епіцентр К) is a home improvement hypermarket chain in Ukraine. The company is one of the first in the country to introduce hardware stores and remains the leader in this category.

Epicentr was the first in Ukraine to come up with wholesale stores in Ukraine, with their hypermarkets being heavily inspired by French retailer Castorama. As of 2023 the company had opened 75 stores nationwide. The company carries a collection of awards such as "The Brand of the Year" (2008).
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta season 9
The ninth season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta first aired on VH1 from March 16, 2020 until May 11, 2020. The season was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. It is executive produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment and Dan Cesareo, Lucilla D'Agostino, Donna Edge Rachell, Jamail Shelton, Paris Bauldwin and Emily Terkell for Big Fish Entertainment. Nina L. Diaz, Sitarah Pendelton, Lashan Browning and Phakiso Collins are executive producers for VH1.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the Atlanta area, involved in hip hop music.

Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta is an American reality television series that premiered June 18, 2012, on VH1. The series chronicles the lives of several people in Atlanta involved with hip hop music, and features appearances from notable figures associated with Southern hip hop.

Atlanta is the second installment of the Love & Hip Hop franchise, and its longest-running spin-off. It would surpass the episode count of the original Love & Hip Hop: New York by the time of its ninth season in March 2020. In April 2023, it was announced that the series would move to MTV beginning with its eleventh season on June 13, 2023.
Paraconsistent logic
Paraconsistent logic is a type of non-classical logic that allows for the coexistence of contradictory statements without leading to a logical explosion where anything can be proven true. Specifically, paraconsistent logic is the subfield of logic that is concerned with studying and developing "inconsistency-tolerant" systems of logic, purposefully excluding the principle of explosion.

Inconsistency-tolerant logics have been discussed since at least 1910 (and arguably much earlier, for example in the writings of Aristotle); however, the term paraconsistent ("beside the consistent") was first coined in 1976, by the Peruvian philosopher Francisco Miró Quesada Cantuarias, under request of Newton da Costa, who is often credited as the creator of the field. The study of paraconsistent logic has been dubbed paraconsistency, which encompasses the school of dialetheism.

Newton da Costa
Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa (16 September 1929 – 16 April 2024) was a Brazilian mathematician, logician, and philosopher, best known for establishing and pioneering the field of paraconsistent logic.  Born in Curitiba, he studied engineering and mathematics at the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba and the title of his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation was Topological spaces and continuous functions.
Jeanette Schoon
Jeanette Eva Schoon (née Curtis; 1949 – 28 June 1984) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. She and her daughter, Katryn Schoon, were killed by letter bomb in June 1984 in an operation carried out by the Security Branch of the South African Police.

Formerly a student and labour activist and later a member of the African National Congress, Schoon was banned between 1976 and 1981. She went into exile in Botswana and Angola in 1977 with her husband, former political prisoner Marius Schoon. She was assassinated at her home in Lubango, Angola and police agent Craig Williamson was granted amnesty for orchestrating the attack.

Craig Williamson
Craig Michael Williamson (born 1949), is an English-speaking white former officer in the South African Police, who was exposed as a spy and assassin for the Security Branch in 1980. Williamson was involved in a series of events involving state-sponsored terrorism. This included overseas bombings, burglaries, kidnappings, assassinations and propaganda during the apartheid era.
Sketchpad
Sketchpad (a.k.a. Robot Draftsman) is a computer program written by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in the course of his PhD thesis, for which he received the Turing Award in 1988, and the Kyoto Prize in 2012. It pioneered human–computer interaction (HCI), and is considered the ancestor of modern computer-aided design (CAD) programs and as a major breakthrough in the development of computer graphics in general. For example, Sketchpad inspired the graphical user interface (GUI) and object-oriented programming. Using the program, Sutherland showed that computer graphics could be used for both artistic and technical purposes and for demonstrating a novel method of human–computer interaction.

Ivan Sutherland
Ivan Edward Sutherland (born May 16, 1938) is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer, widely regarded as a pioneer of computer graphics. His early work in computer graphics as well as his teaching with David C. Evans in that subject at the University of Utah in the 1970s was pioneering in the field. Sutherland, Evans, and their students from that era developed several foundations of modern computer graphics. He received the 1988 ACM Turing Award for the invention of the Sketchpad, an early predecessor to the sort of graphical user interface that has become ubiquitous in personal computers, and his contributions to computer graphics. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, as well as the National Academy of Sciences among many other major awards. In 2012, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology for "pioneering achievements in the development of computer graphics and interactive interfaces".
Trey McBride
Trey McBride (born November 22, 1999) is an American professional football tight end for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado State Rams, where he was named a unanimous All-American and the John Mackey Award winner in 2021. McBride was selected by the Cardinals in the second round of the 2022 NFL draft.

Colorado State Rams football
The Colorado State Rams football program represents Colorado State University and is a member of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision and the Mountain West Conference. The Rams have long-standing rivalries with Colorado, Wyoming, and Air Force. The team is currently led by interim head coach and defensive coordinator Tyson Summers, who was named interim head coach after Jay Norvell was fired on October 19, 2025. UConn Huskies football head coach Jim Mora will serve has head coach at the start of the 2026 season.

The Rams have played their home games at Canvas Stadium since 2017. Previously, the team played 49 seasons (1968–2016) at Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium. The first game at Canvas Stadium (known as Colorado State Stadium for the 2017 season only) was played on August 26, 2017, when the Rams defeated the Oregon State Beavers 58–27.
Mbala, Zambia
Mbala is Zambia's most northerly large town and seat of Mbala District in Northern Province, occupying a strategic location close to the border with Tanzania and controlling the southern approaches to Lake Tanganyika, 40 km by road to the north-west, where the port of Mpulungu is located. It had a population of about 20,000 in 2006. Under the name Abercorn, Mbala was a key outpost in British colonial control of this part of south-central Africa.

Mpulungu
Mpulungu is a town in the Northern Province of Zambia, at the southern tip of Lake Tanganyika.

From Mpulungu, boats reach DR Congo, Tanzania and Burundi. The MV Liemba ferry sails from Mpulungu to Kasanga and Kigoma in western Tanzania, with connections from there to Bujumbura.

Mpulungu is also a fishing port and lies at the end of the old Great North Road.
Charlotte Harland Scott
Charlotte Harland Scott (born 13 November 1963) is a British-born Zambian economic and social development specialist who served as the First Lady of Zambia from October 2014 to January 2015 during the tenure of her husband, interim President Guy Scott. She had previously served as the Chief of Social Policy and Economic Analysis, Planning Monitoring and Evaluation for UNICEF Zambia from 2007 until 2012. In 2016, Scott contested the Lusaka Central seat in the National Assembly during the general election.

First Lady of Zambia
First Lady of Zambia is the title attributed to the wife of the president of Zambia. Zambia's current first lady is Mutinta Hichilema, who has held the office since 24 August 2021.

The first lady of Zambia plays the ceremonial role of the spouse of the head of state, but has often expanded their influence beyond that. For example, the wife of the country's founding president, Betty Kaunda, was viewed as the mother of the nation and known as "Mama Kaunda." Maureen Mwanawasa used her platform as First Lady to be a strong advocate for safer sex for women, often handing out condoms at public events.