hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Edwardes
George Joseph Edwardes (né Edwards; 8 October 1855 – 4 October 1915) was an English theatre manager and producer of Irish ancestry who brought a new era in musical theatre to the British stage and beyond.

Edwardes started out in theatre management, soon working at a number of West End theatres. By the age of 20, he was managing theatres for Richard D'Oyly Carte. In 1885, Edwardes became a manager at the Gaiety Theatre with John Hollingshead, who soon retired.

For the next three decades, Edwardes ruled a theatrical empire including the Gaiety, Daly's Theatre, the Adelphi Theatre and others, and sent touring companies around Britain and abroad. In the early 1890s, Edwardes recognised the changing tastes of musical theatre audiences and led the movement away from burlesque and comic opera to Edwardian musical comedy.

John Hollingshead
John Hollingshead (9 September 1827 – 9 October 1904) was an English theatrical impresario, journalist and writer during the latter half of the 19th century. After a journalism career, Hollingshead managed the Alhambra Theatre and was later the first manager of the Gaiety Theatre, London. Hollingshead also wrote several books during his life.

An innovative producer, Hollingshead brought Gilbert and Sullivan together in 1871 to produce their first joint work, a musical extravaganza called Thespis.  Among other theatrical works that he produced, he mounted a long series of popular Victorian burlesques at the Gaiety, engaging Meyer Lutz to compose original scores for them. He also produced operettas, plays and other works. These productions made stars of Nellie Farren and several others. At the Gaiety, in 1878, Hollingshead was the first theatre manager to light his auditorium with electric lights.
Agouza
Agouza (Arabic: العجوزة, romanized: al-ʿajuza) is one of nine municipal districts that form Giza city, which is part of the Greater Cairo metropolis, on the western bank of the river Nile. It is situated between 6th October Bridge and 15 May Bridge and south of Imbaba. Most of it is colloquially known as Mohandessin, a 1950s planned community originally called Madinat al-Awqaf, sub-divided in to a number of profession-based housing cooperatives, one of which was for engineers (mohandissin).

The Egyptian National Circus and the adjoining Balloon Theater are on the Agouza Corniche. The British Council main centre in Egypt is also on the Corniche.

Mohandiseen
Mohandiseen (Egyptian Arabic: المهندسين, romanized: Al-Mohandisīn, lit. 'The Engineers', pronounced [almohændɪˈsiːn]) is a major 1940s sub-division project originally named Madinat al-Awqaf, and made up most of the Wasat (middle) district in the city of Giza, before being divided in 1997 into the districts of Agouza (covers most of the district) and Dokki (Covers half of the district). Al-Mohandessin in Arabic literally means the engineers, after one of the sub-districts that was sold to the Engineers' Syndicate cooperative, and becoming the colloquial name for most of the Agouza side.
Kabutochō
Kabutochō (Japanese: 兜町), or more formally Nihonbashi Kabutochō (Japanese: 日本橋兜町), is a neighborhood of Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, where the Tokyo Stock Exchange and many securities companies are located, so that it is considered Japan's equivalent of Wall Street in New York City.

Tokyo Stock Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所, Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo), abbreviated as Tosho (東証) or TSE/TYO, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan.

The exchange is owned by Japan Exchange Group (JPX), a holding company that it also lists (TYO: 8697), and operated by Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of JPX. JPX was formed from the merger of Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc. with Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (now Osaka Exchange, Inc.); the merger process began in July 2012, when said merger was approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission. JPX itself was launched on January 1, 2013.
Linxiang, Hunan
Linxiang (simplified Chinese: 临湘; traditional Chinese: 臨湘; pinyin: Línxiāng) is a county-level city in Hunan province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yueyang. Linxiang is located at the northeastern edge of Hunan province, on the southeastern (right) bank of the Yangtze River, which lies to the east of the city proper. Linxiang is bordered to the northwest and the north across the Yangtze by Jianli County and Honghu City of Hubei, to the east by Chibi City, Chongyang and Tongcheng Counties of Hubei, to the south and southwest by Yueyang County, and to the west by Yunxi District. It covers an area of 1,718 km2 (663 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 537,500. The city has 3 subdistricts and 10 towns under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Chang'an (长安街道).

Chang'an, Linxiang
Chang'an Subdistrict (Chinese: 长安街道; pinyin: Cháng'ān Jiēdào) is a subdistrict and the seat of Linxiang City in Hunan, China. The subdistrict was reformed through the amalgamation of Baiyun Town (Chinese: 白云镇), Chengnan Township (Chinese: 城南乡) and the former Chang'an Subdistrict on November 24, 2015. It is located in the west central Linxiang City, it is bordered by Wulipai Subdistrict (Chinese: 五里牌街道) to the east, Zhongfang Town (Chinese: 忠防镇) and Taolin Town (Chinese: 桃林镇) to the south, and Yunxi District to the west and north. The subdistrict has an area of 104.3 km2 (40.3 sq mi) with a population of 81,200 (as of 2015). Through the amalgamation of village-level divisions in 2016, the town has 6 villages and 6 communities under its jurisdiction. Its seat is Matangpu Community (Chinese: 麻塘铺社区).
Peeterman Artois
Peeterman Artois was a wheat-based 4% ABV global lager first brewed in Belgium. It is brewed by InBev. It was named after St. Peeter, the patron saint of Leuven in Belgium where the Artois brewery is based. It was launched alongside Beck's Vier as a mid-strength beer to capitalise on the trend towards weaker strength lagers, as opposed to Stella Artois at 5.2% and standard Beck's at 5%. In December 2008, InBev announced it would withdraw Peeterman Artois (and Eiken Artois) in favour of a 4% version of Stella Artois.

Stella Artois
Stella Artois (/ɑːrˈtwɑː/ ar-TWAH, French: [aʁtwɑ]) is a pilsner beer, first brewed in 1926 by Brouwerij Artois in Leuven, Belgium. In its original form, the beer is 5.2 per cent ABV, the country's standard for pilsners. The beer is sold in many EU countries, but also in the US, UK, Canada and Australia, where it has a reduced ABV. Stella Artois is owned by Interbrew International B.V. which is a subsidiary of the world's largest brewer, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV.
Free State Crinums
Free State Crinums are a South African netball team based in Bloemfontein. Since 2014, they have represented the Free State in the Telkom Netball League. They were the inaugural league champions. Between 2014 and 2016, Crinums won three successive titles. In 2024, they won a fourth title.

Premier Netball League (South Africa)
The Premier Netball League is the top level netball league featuring teams from South Africa. It was formed in 2014 and is organised by Netball South Africa. Between 2014 and 2018, due to sponsorship and naming rights arrangements, the league was known as the Brutal Fruit Netball Cup. Since 2019, the league has been sponsored by Telkom and, as a result, it is widely known as the Telkom Netball League. In 2014, Free State Crinums were the inaugural winners. Gauteng Jaguars are the league's most successful team, having won six titles. The league features two divisions and uses a promotion and relegation format. The winners of the Division Two Shield can gain promotion to Division One by winning a play off.
Promyelocyte
A promyelocyte (or progranulocyte) is a granulocyte precursor, developing from the myeloblast and developing into the myelocyte.  Promyelocytes measure 12–20 microns in diameter. The nucleus of a promyelocyte is approximately the same size as a myeloblast but their cytoplasm is much more abundant. They also have less prominent nucleoli than myeloblasts and their chromatin is more coarse and clumped. The cytoplasm is basophilic and contains primary red/purple granules.

Granulocyte
Granulocytes are cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm. Such granules distinguish them from the various agranulocytes. All myeloblastic granulocytes are polymorphonuclear, that is, they have varying shapes (morphology) of the nucleus (segmented, irregular; often lobed into three segments); and are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, PML, or PMNL). In common terms, polymorphonuclear granulocyte refers specifically to "neutrophil granulocytes", the most abundant of the granulocytes; the other types (eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells) have varying morphology. Granulocytes are produced via granulopoiesis in the bone marrow.
Cliffwood Hall
Cliffwood Hall, formerly Clifton Town Hall, is a historic municipal and social meeting hall at 15 Rebel Hill Road in Clifton, Maine.  Built in 1892, it was for nearly 90 years the town's town hall, and one of its principal social meeting venues.  It is now home to the Clifton Historical Society's museum collection and is known as the Clifton Town Hall Museum. The Society also operates the Harold Allan Schoolhouse.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Harold Allan Schoolhouse
The Harold Allan School is a historic school building at 15 Rebel Hill Road in Clifton, Maine.  Built in 1863, it is the town's best-preserved surviving district-level one-room schoolhouse.  It is now part of the local historical society's museum complex, which includes Cliffwood Hall, the town's former town hall.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
Nomex
Nomex is a trademarked term for an inherently flame-resistant fabric with meta-aramid chemistry widely used for industrial applications and fire protection equipment. It was developed in the early 1960s by DuPont and first marketed in 1967.

Kevlar is often added to Nomex to increase its resistance to breakage or tear.

Aramid
Aramid,  or aromatic polyamide fibers are a class of strong, heat-resistant, synthetic fibers, commonly used in aerospace and military applications - e.g., ballistic-rated body armor fabric and ballistic composites, marine cordage and hull reinforcement - as a substitute for asbestos, and in lightweight consumer items, such as phone cases and tennis rackets.

Individual amide molecules forming the aramid chain polymerise in the direction of the fiber axis, lending greater structural integrity to the resulting fiber. This is due to the higher proportion of chemical bonds which contribute to the physical strength and thermal resistance (melting point >500 °C (932 °F)) versus other synthetic fibres, such as nylon.

Notable brands of aramid fiber include Kevlar, Nomex, and Twaron.
Drymos, Larissa
Drymos (Greek: Δρυμός, Greek pronunciation: [ðɾi'mos]), known before 1958 as Drianovo (Greek: Δριάνοβο), is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Elassona, of which it was a municipal district. The community of Drymos covers an area of 20.259 km2.

Elassona
Elassona (Greek: Ελασσόνα, romanized: Ellassóna; Katharevousa: Ἐλασσών, romanized: Elasson) is a town and a municipality in the Larissa regional unit of Greece. In antiquity, it was known as Oloosson (Ὀλοοσσών) and was a town of the Perrhaebi tribe. It is situated at the foot of Mount Olympus. Elassona is bypassed by the GR-3 road (Larissa–Kozani–Florina).
Siege of Utrecht (1483)
52°05′20″N 5°06′56″E﻿ / ﻿52.088889°N 5.115556°E﻿ / 52.088889; 5.115556

The siege of Utrecht took place between June 23 and August 31, 1483 as part of the Hook and Cod wars and the Second Utrecht Civil War.

Utrecht war of 1481–83
The Utrecht war of 1481–83 (Dutch: Stichtse Oorlog or Driejarige Oorlog, German: Utrechter Stiftsfehde) was a diocesan feud in the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht between 1481 and 1483, influenced by the ongoing Hook and Cod wars in the neighbouring County of Holland. It was also a battle for control over Utrecht between the Dukes of Burgundy in the person of ruling Bishop David of Burgundy, and the Duchy of Cleves, which sought to replace him with Engelbert of Cleves.
Georgia State Route 365
State Route 365 (SR 365, also known as the Sidney Lanier Parkway) is a 69.5-mile-long (111.8 km) state highway that travels within portions of Gwinnett, Hall, Habersham, and Stephens counties in the US state of Georgia. It begins at exit 113 on Interstate 85 (I-85), at the southeastern edge of Suwanee. This is also the southern terminus of I-985. It continues from that point running concurrently with I-985 for the entire length of that freeway. Eventually, U.S. Route 23 (US 23) also joins the concurrency. The highway heads northeast through Gainesville and Toccoa, before it terminates at the South Carolina state line, southwest of Westminster, South Carolina.

Interstate 985
Interstate 985 (I-985) is a 24.04-mile-long (38.69 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway in Northeast Georgia. It links the Atlanta metropolitan area to the city of Gainesville via Suwanee. I-985 is also known as the Sidney Lanier Parkway, after the musician and poet, and is also designated as unsigned State Route 419 (SR 419). The roadway was designated as I-985 in 1985. I-985 and SR 365 are concurrent for I-985's entire length, but only the I-985 signs are displayed. I-985 is also concurrent with US Route 23 (US 23) from exit 4 northward. I-985 is the highest-numbered spur route of a north–south Interstate and is second only to I-990, which serves the town of Amherst, New York.
Mysia
Mysia (UK /ˈmɪsiə/, US /ˈmɪʒə/ or /ˈmiːʒə/; Greek: Μυσία; Latin: Mysia; Turkish: Misya) was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor (Anatolia, Asian part of modern Turkey). It was located on the south coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was bounded by Bithynia on the east, Phrygia on the southeast, Lydia on the south, Aeolis on the southwest, Troad on the west, and the Propontis on the north. In ancient times it was inhabited by the Mysians, Phrygians, Aeolian Greeks and other groups.

Troad
The Troad (/ˈtroʊˌæd/ or /ˈtroʊəd/; Greek: Τρωάδα, Troáda) or Troas (/ˈtroʊəs/; Ancient Greek: Τρῳάς, Trōiás or Τρωϊάς, Trōïás) is a historical region in northwestern Anatolia. It corresponds with the Biga Peninsula (Turkish: Biga Yarımadası) in the Çanakkale Province of modern Turkey. Bounded by the Dardanelles to the northwest, by the Aegean Sea to the west and separated from the rest of Anatolia by the massif that forms Mount Ida, the Troad is drained by two main rivers, the Scamander (Karamenderes) and the Simoeis, which join at the area containing the ruins of Troy.
William Duncan Silkworth
William Duncan Silkworth (July 22, 1873 – March 22, 1951) was an American physician and specialist in the treatment of alcoholism. He was director of the Charles B. Towns Hospital for Drug and Alcohol Addictions in New York City in the 1930s, during which time William Griffith Wilson, a future co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.), was admitted on four occasions for alcoholism. Dr. Silkworth had a profound influence on Wilson and encouraged him to realize that alcoholism was more than just an issue of moral weakness. He introduced Wilson to the idea that alcoholism had a pathological, disease-like basis.

Bill W.
William Griffith Wilson (November 26, 1895 – January 24, 1971), also known as Bill Wilson or Bill W., was an American businessman who co-conceived and co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), with fellow co-founder Bob Smith.

AA is an international mutual aid fellowship with about two million members worldwide belonging to AA groups, associations, organizations, cooperatives, and fellowships of alcoholics helping other alcoholics achieve and maintain sobriety. Following AA's Twelfth Tradition of anonymity, within the organization Wilson is commonly known as "Bill W." or "Bill". After his death, with his prior written permission, his full name was included in obituaries.

Wilson's sobriety from alcohol, which he maintained until his death, began December 11, 1934. In 1955, he turned over control of AA to a board of trustees. He died in 1971, and in 1999 Time listed him as "Bill W.: The Healer" in the Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century.
GSL-class ferry
GSL class of personnel ferries are series of six service craft built by state owned Goa Shipyard Limited, Vasco for Indian Navy. They are general purpose utility auxiliary watercraft used for transportation of personnel in harbour. The vessels stationed at Mumbai harbour are planned to be succeeded by Manoram class ferry.

Manoram-class ferry
The Manoram-class ferry are series of watercraft built by Inland Marine Works Pvt Ltd Port Blair, at its Chanch Shipyard, Gujarat for Indian Navy. They are fully air-conditioned craft and are fitted with modern navigational aids and can ferry 250 passengers.
Eric Douglas
Eric Anthony Douglas (June 21, 1958 – July 6, 2004) was an American actor and stand-up comedian. He was the youngest son of actor Kirk Douglas and his second wife Anne Buydens. His half-brother is actor and producer Michael Douglas. Douglas pursued a career in show business but did not attain the same level of success as his father and siblings. His career was overshadowed by his numerous run-ins with the law and problems with alcohol and drugs.

Anne Buydens
Anne Buydens (/ˈbaɪdənz/ BY-dənz; born Hannelore Marx; April 23, 1919 – April 29, 2021) was a German-born American philanthropist and film producer. She was the wife of actor Kirk Douglas from 1954 until his death in 2020. She received a Jefferson Award for Public Service in 2003.
Liam Spencer (The Bold and the Beautiful)
Liam Spencer is a fictional character The Bold and the Beautiful, an American soap opera on the CBS network, played by Scott Clifton. He made his first appearance during the episode broadcast on July 19, 2010. Introduced as the long-lost son of media mogul Bill Spencer Jr., he is recognized for his long and complicated love triangle with Hope Logan and Steffy Forrester.

Clifton's performance in the role has been met with favorable reception from audiences and critics, having garnered him the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series in 2011. He received two Daytime Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2014 and 2015, winning the category in 2013. In 2017, he won in the Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series category.

Bill Spencer Jr.
Bill Spencer Jr. is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. He is portrayed by Don Diamont. Bill Spencer Jr. is the previously unknown illegitimate son of media mogul, Bill Spencer (Jim Storm), a character that appeared from the series premiere until 1994 and then only sporadically afterwards. He is also the half-brother of Karen Spencer and the late Caroline Forrester (both played by Joanna Johnson). He was born in early March 1963.
Kowloon City
Kowloon City is an area in New Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is part of Kowloon City District.

Compared with the council area of Kowloon City District, the Kowloon City area is vaguely bounded in the south by Prince Edward Road West and Prince Edward Road East, north with Lok Fu, east with Kai Tak Nullah and west with Kowloon Tsai.

Prince Edward Road
Prince Edward Road East (Chinese: 太子道東) and Prince Edward Road West (Chinese: 太子道西) are roads in Kowloon, Hong Kong, going in an east-west direction and linking Tai Kok Tsui, Mong Kok, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon City and San Po Kong (outside the retired Kai Tak Airport).

The roads were named after Prince Edward in 1922, later Edward VIII, after his visit to Hong Kong.

Prince Edward station and the Prince Edward area in Hong Kong are both named after Prince Edward Road, rather than Prince Edward himself.
Abulia
In neurology, abulia, or aboulia (from Ancient Greek: βουλή, meaning "will"), refers to a lack of volition, will, or initiative and can be seen as a disorder of diminished motivation. Abulia falls in the middle of the spectrum of diminished motivation, with apathy being less extreme and akinetic mutism being more extreme than abulia. The condition was originally considered to be a disorder of the will, and aboulic individuals are unable to act or make decisions independently; and their condition may range in severity from subtle to overwhelming. In the case of akinetic mutism, many patients describe that as soon as they "will" or attempt a movement, a "counter-will" or "resistance" rises up to meet them.

Akinetic mutism
Akinetic mutism is a medical condition where patients tend neither to move (akinesia) nor speak (mutism). It is the most extreme disorder of diminished motivation. Akinetic mutism was first described in 1941 as a mental state where patients lack the ability to move or speak. However, their eyes may follow their observer or be diverted by sound. Patients lack most motor functions such as speech, facial expressions, and gestures, but demonstrate apparent alertness. They exhibit reduced activity and slowness, and can speak in whispered monosyllables.  Patients often show visual fixation on their examiner, move their eyes in response to an auditory stimulus, or move after often repeated commands. Patients with akinetic mutism are not paralyzed, but lack the volition to move. Many patients describe that as soon as they "will" or attempt a movement, a "counter-will" or "resistance" rises up to meet them.
Erich Auerbach
Erich Auerbach (German: [ˈaʊɐbax]; 9 November 1892 – 13 October 1957) was a German philologist and comparative scholar and critic of literature. His best-known work is Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, a history of representation in Western literature from ancient to modern times frequently cited as a classic in the study of realism in literature. Along with Leo Spitzer, Auerbach is widely recognized as one of the foundational figures of comparative literature.

Leo Spitzer
Leo Spitzer (German: [ˈʃpɪtsɐ]; 7 February 1887 – 16 September 1960) was an Austrian Romanist and Hispanist, philologist, and an influential and prolific literary critic. He was known for his emphasis on stylistics. Along with Erich Auerbach, Spitzer is widely recognized as one of the foundational figures of comparative literature.
Walworth Gate
Walworth Gate is a hamlet and crossroads village in the borough of Darlington, in the civil parish of Walworth and the ceremonial county of
County Durham, England. It is situated 2 miles (3.2 km) north−west of the edge of Darlington and 0.6 miles (0.97 km) north of Walworth. The settlement is locally notable for New Moor Farm, which is known to Darlington people as a producer of ice cream. The Saxon origin of the name, "Walworth Gate", refers to Welsh−speaking Britons who once lived there.

Walworth, County Durham
Walworth is a central small village with outlying farmsteads, which together constitute a scattered village in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is a civil parish which does not have a church. It is situated 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the north-west of Darlington. The nucleus of the central village is the 16th-century Walworth Castle, which is now a hotel. On the north side of the village, around North Farm, are earthworks signifying a lost settlement, grouped around a barn which was once a chapel.