hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ranger (magazine)
Ranger was a weekly British comics periodical published by Fleetway Publications from 18 September 1965 to 18 June 1966. Intended as an educational publication, the cover described it as "The National Boys' Magazine" and the content mixed comic strips with a much larger quotient of factual articles than most other Fleetway children's titles of the time. Ranger lasted 40 issues before being merged with Fleetway's fellow educational title Look and Learn in 1966.

Despite its mainly factual remit, Ranger is best remembered for debuting Mike Butterworth and Don Lawrence's fantasy epic comic strip "The Rise and Fall of the Trigan Empire".

Look and Learn
Look and Learn was a British weekly educational magazine for children published by Fleetway Publications Ltd from 1962 until 1982. It contained educational text articles that covered a wide variety of topics from volcanoes to the Loch Ness Monster; a long running science fiction comic strip, The Trigan Empire; adaptations of famous works of literature into comic-strip form, such as Lorna Doone; and serialized works of fiction such as The First Men in the Moon.

The illustrators who worked on the magazine included Fortunino Matania, John Millar Watt, Peter Jackson, John Worsley, Ron Embleton, Gerry Embleton, C. L. Doughty, Wilf Hardy, Dan Escott, Angus McBride, Oliver Frey, James E. McConnell, Kenneth Lilly, R. B. Davis and Clive Uptton.

It featured the Pen-Friends pages, a section where readers could make new friends overseas.
Ministry of War (Italy)
The Ministry of War (Italian: Ministero della guerra) was a ministry of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946 and of the Italian Republic from 1946 to 1947. Under the Kingdom of Italy, it oversaw the Royal Army (Italian: Regio Esercito), while under the Italian Republic it oversaw the Italian Army (Italian: Esercito Italiano). It was abolished in 1947, when it merged with the Ministry of Aeronautics and the Ministry of the Navy to form the Ministry of Defence.

Ministry of the Air Force (Italy)
The Ministry of the Air Force (Italian: Ministero dell'aeronautica) was a department of the Kingdom of Italy, and subsequently of the Italian Republic, with jurisdiction over both military and civil aviation. Established in 1925, it was abolished in 1947 when it merged with the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy to form the Ministry of Defence.

Although generally translated as "Ministry of the Air Force" in English, the literal English translation of the ministry's name is "Ministry of Aeronautics," which more accurately captures its role in overseeing both the air force and civil aviation. Its role thus was analogous to the contemporary British Air Ministry and Ministry of Aviation (Reichslutfahrtministerium) of Nazi Germany, both of which oversaw both military and civil aviation.
Tight binding
In solid-state physics, the tight-binding model (or TB model) is an approach to the calculation of electronic band structure using an approximate set of wave functions based upon superposition of wave functions for isolated atoms located at each atomic site. The method is closely related to the LCAO method (linear combination of atomic orbitals method) used in chemistry. Tight-binding models are applied to a wide variety of solids. The model gives good qualitative results in many cases and can be combined with other models that give better results where the tight-binding model fails. Though the tight-binding model is a one-electron model, the model also provides a basis for more advanced calculations like the calculation of surface states and application to various kinds of many-body problem and quasiparticle calculations.

Electronic band structure
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).

Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical wave functions for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).
Jayashankar Bhupalpally district
Jayashankar Bhupalpally district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The district headquarters are located at Bhupalpally. The district share boundaries with Karimnagar, Mancherial, Peddapalli, Hanamkonda, Warangal, and Mulugu districts and with the state boundary of Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh. The world's largest multi-stage lift irrigation project Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project is in Jayashankar Bhupalpally District and Jayashankar Bhupalpally District falls Under naxal affected district as per Red corridor.

Mancherial district
Mancherial district is a district located in the northern region of the Indian state of Telangana. The district comprises 18 mandals and three revenue divisions – Mancherial, Chennur and Bellampalli. Mancherial is the district headquarters. It is surrounded by Komaram Bheem, Nirmal, Jagtial, Peddapalli and Bhupalpally districts of Telangana and with Maharashtra state.
Mutianyu
40°26′16.86″N 116°33′42.84″E﻿ / ﻿40.4380167°N 116.5619000°E﻿ / 40.4380167; 116.5619000

Mutianyu (Chinese: 慕田峪; pinyin: Mùtiányù) is a section of the Great Wall of China located in Huairou District within the city limits of Beijing 70 kilometers (43 mi) northeast of the center of the city.  The Mutianyu section of the Great Wall is connected with Jiankou in the west and Lianhuachi in the east. As one of the best-preserved parts of the Great Wall, the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall used to serve as the northern barrier defending the capital and the imperial tombs.

Jiankou
40°27′19.80″N 116°31′31.77″E﻿ / ﻿40.4555000°N 116.5254917°E﻿ / 40.4555000; 116.5254917

Jiankou (Chinese: 箭扣; pinyin: Jiànkòu) is a section of the Great Wall of China. In English, 'Jiankou,' is translated to 'Arrow Nock' as the shape of the mountain resembles an arrow with the collapsed ridge opening up, reminiscent of an arrow nock. The wall is 20 km long and located 73 kilometres (45 mi) north of Beijing in the Huairou District. The Jiankou section of the Great Wall of China is located between the Mutianyu and the Moshikou sections of the Great Wall of China. It is built on a steep mountain ridge and a popular hike amongst visitors.

As well as natural causes, human activities are increasingly raising concern for the preservation of this section of the wall, as "the lack of work on the wall made it picturesque, but dangerous".

This tourist attraction was temporarily suspended during 2020 due to covid-19.
Battle of the Mareth Line
The Battle of the Mareth Line or the Battle of Mareth was an attack in the Second World War by the British Eighth Army (General Bernard Montgomery) in Tunisia, against the Mareth Line held by the Italo–German 1st Army (General Giovanni Messe). It was the first big operation by the Eighth Army since the Second Battle of El Alamein 4+1⁄2 months earlier. On 19 March 1943, Operation Pugilist, the first British attack, established a bridgehead but a break-out attempt was defeated by Axis counter-attacks. Pugilist established an alternative route of attack and Operation Supercharge II, an outflanking manoeuvre via the Tebaga Gap was planned. Montgomery reinforced the flanking attack, which from 26 to 31 March, forced the 1st Army to retreat to Wadi Akarit, another 40 mi (64 km) back in Tunisia.

Battle of Wadi Akarit
The Battle of Wadi Akarit (Operation Scipio) was an Allied attack from 6 to 7 April 1943, to dislodge Axis forces from positions along the Wadi Akarit in Tunisia during the Tunisia Campaign of the Second World War. The Gabès Gap, north of the towns of Gabès and El Hamma, is a passage between the sea and impassable salt marshes. The 51st (Highland) Infantry Division breached the defences and held a bridgehead, allowing the passage of their main force to roll up the Axis defences. After several determined counter-attacks, the Axis forces withdrew and the Eighth Army, under General Bernard Montgomery, pursued toward Tunis, until reaching Axis defensive positions at Enfidaville.
Programming in the large and programming in the small
In software engineering, "programming in the large" and "programming in the small" refer to two different aspects of writing software. "Programming in the large" means designing a larger system as a composition of smaller parts, and "programming in the small" means creating those smaller parts by writing lines of code in a programming language.
The terms were coined by Frank DeRemer and Hans Kron in their 1975 paper "Programming-in-the-large versus programming-in-the-small", in which they argue that the two are essentially different activities, and that typical programming languages, and the practice of structured programming, provide good support for the latter, but not for the former.

This may be compared to the later Ousterhout's dichotomy, which distinguishes between system programming languages (for components) and scripting languages (for glue code, connecting components).

Scripting language
In computing, a script is a relatively short and simple set of instructions that typically automate an otherwise manual process. The act of writing a script is called scripting. A scripting language or script language is a programming language that is used for scripting.

Originally, scripting was limited to automating shells in operating systems, and languages were relatively simple. Today, scripting is more pervasive and some scripting languages include modern features that allow them to be used to develop application software also.
KRIS-TV
KRIS-TV (channel 6) is a television station in Corpus Christi, Texas, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside low-power dual Telemundo affiliate/independent station K22JA-D; Scripps also provides certain services to CBS affiliate KZTV (channel 10) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with SagamoreHill Broadcasting. The three stations share studios on Artesian Street in downtown Corpus Christi; KRIS-TV's transmitter is located in Robstown, Texas.

K22JA-D
K22JA-D (channel 47) is a low-power television station in Corpus Christi, Texas, United States. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside NBC affiliate KRIS-TV (channel 6); Scripps also provides certain services to CBS affiliate KZTV (channel 10) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with SagamoreHill Broadcasting. The three stations share studios on Artesian Street in downtown Corpus Christi, where K22JA-D's transmitter is also located.

K22JA-D offers two subchannels, one affiliated with Telemundo (also known as "KAJA") and the other programmed as an independent station and branded as "KDF". The two services were once stations with separate licenses, combined in 2014. However, they have been commonly owned since the 1990s.
Tonelagee
Tonelagee (Irish: Tóin le Gaoith, meaning 'backside to the wind'), is at 817 metres (2,680 ft), is the 25th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 33rd–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale.  Tonelagee is situated in the central sector of the Wicklow Mountains range, and sits on the main "central spine" of the range that runs from Kippure in the north, to Lugnaquillia in the south; and in particular, the continuous "central boggy ridge" that runs from the Sally Gap in the north, via Mullaghcleevaun, to Tonelagee. Tonelagee is the third highest peak in Wicklow after Lugnaquilla and Mullaghcleevaun.

To the north is the subsidiary summit of Stoney Top 714 metres (2,343 ft), and to the east is another subsidiary summit of Tonelagee NE Top 668 metres (2,192 ft); between these three summits is the deep "heart-shaped" corrie lake of Lough Ouler.

Kippure
Kippure (/kɪˈpjʊər/; Irish: Cipiúr) at 757 metres (2,484 ft), is the 56th-highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 72nd-highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale.  Kippure is situated in the far northern sector of the Wicklow Mountains, where it lies on the border of counties Dublin and Wicklow in Ireland.  Kippure is the County Top for Dublin, and its height and positioning over Dublin city have made its summit an important site for transmission masts, which are highly visible from a distance.  Kippure's slopes feed into the Liffey Head Bog which forms the source of the River Liffey.  The summit can be easily accessed from the east via a path that lies off the R115 (also called the "Military Road") road along the route to the Sally Gap.
Mary Bryant
Mary Bryant (c. 1765 – after 1794) was a Cornish convict sent to Australia in 1787 with the First Fleet. In 1791, she became one of the first successful escapees from the fledgling Australian penal colony alongside her husband William Bryant, their two children, and seven other transportees. Her group sailed for sixty-nine days by boat to Kupang on Timor, where they were detained by Dutch authorities and handed over to the British for trial in London. She was represented by the biographer and lawyer James Boswell, who was able to avoid the typical death penalty for such cases, and was sentenced to serve the remainder of her sentence in Newgate prison. She was pardoned and released in 1793 and returned to Cornwall.

William Bryant (convict)
William Bryant (c. 1757 – 1791) was a Cornish fisherman and convict who was transported to Australia on the First Fleet. He is remembered for his daring escape from the penal colony with his wife, two small children and seven convicts in the governor's cutter, sailing to Timor in a voyage that would come to rank alongside that of fellow Cornishman William Bligh as one of the most incredible ever made in an open boat.
Special Purpose Individual Weapon
The Special Purpose Individual Weapon (SPIW) was a long-running United States Army program to develop, in part, a flechette-firing "rifle", though other concepts were also involved. The concepts continued to be tested under the Future Rifle Program and again in the 1980s under the Advanced Combat Rifle program, but neither program resulted in a system useful enough to warrant replacing the M16.

Advanced Combat Rifle
The Advanced Combat Rifle (ACR) was a United States Army program, started in 1986, to find a replacement for the M16 assault rifle.  Under the stress of battle the average soldier with an M16 may shoot a target at 45 meters, but hit probability is reduced to one out of ten shots on target by 220 meters. Because of this, the ACR program was initiated in the late 1980s to create a weapon that could double the hit probability. None of the weapons tested met the criteria, and the program ended in 1990 after an expenditure of approximately US$300 million. The ACR program was preceded by older programs such as the Special Purpose Individual Weapon.
Gloobinho
Gloobinho is a Brazilian pay television preschool channel owned by Globo, a Grupo Globo company that in 2020 unified TV Globo, Globo.com, DGCorp (Corporate Management Board) and Globosat (now called Canals Globo). It is Gloob's preschool version, at children from 2 to 5 years old.

The channel's programming is also available on demand through the channel's own platform, "Gloobinho Play".

On 3 August 2017, the newspaper 'Agora São Paulo' announced that the former Globosat, (now Canais Globo), would be creating a new channel called Gloobinho, which would debut in October. Initially, the premiere date was scheduled for 3 October, but due to technical issues, the channel debuted lately on 17 October that year.

In its programming, most productions are foreign. The following productions would air until November 2018, Monday through Sunday, at least once a day.

Globosat
Globosat, was a Brazilian pay television content service, part of Grupo Globo. Established in 1991, after the creation of subscription television services in Brazil, with 29 channels and over 1,000 employees, it is the largest pay television content provider in Brazil, as well as of Latin America, comprising a domestic audience of 45 million viewers distributed among more than 15 million households.
Nitesh Narayan Rane
Nitesh Narayan Rane (born 23 June 1982) is cabinet minister in Government of Maharashtra and a member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Kankavli Vidhan Sabha constituency. He is the head of the non-governmental organisation "Swabhiman Sanghatana" and son of former Maharashtra chief minister Narayan Rane.

Narayan Rane
Narayan Tatu Rane (born 10 April 1952) is an Indian politician and Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg. He was a Chief Minister of Maharashtra. He formerly served as Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the Second Modi ministry. He has previously held Cabinet Ministry positions for Industry, Port, Employment and Self-employment; Revenue; and Industry in the Government of Maharashtra.

He was a member of Shiv Sena and opposition leader of Vidhan Sabha until July 2005, when he joined Indian National Congress party. He quit Congress in September 2017 and launched the Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha. In 2018, he declared support for Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) and was elected to the Rajya Sabha on a BJP nomination. On 15 October 2019, he merged his party, Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha, into the BJP.
Tamah Alley
Tamah Alley (born 1985) is a New Zealand local body politician who became the first female Mayor of Central Otago in late October 2024, succeeding the outgoing Tim Cadogan. She was previously a Police officer and Central Otago District councillor.

Tim Cadogan (politician)
Tim Cadogan (born 1965) is a New Zealand politician who served as the Mayor of Central Otago between 2016 and 2024. Cadogan worked as a radio broadcaster and lawyer before becoming Mayor. In late October 2024, Cadogan resigned as Mayor and moved to Wellington to work as the Local Government Engagement Specialist at the Taumata Arowai water services authority. He is the younger brother of Bryan Cadogan, the Mayor of Clutha.
The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue)
The Mocking of Christ (or Christ Mocked) is a small 13th-century panel painting by the Italian artist Cimabue, in tempera on a poplar panel. It depicts the mocking of Jesus and is one of three panels known from Cimabue's Diptych of Devotion. It was discovered in the kitchen of an elderly woman in northern France. In October 2019 it sold at auction for €24 million, a record for an artwork predating the 16th century. It is believed to be the first work by Cimabue to have been auctioned. Following an export ban, it was acquired by the Louvre in 2023.

Diptych of Devotion
The Diptych of Devotion was a small altarpiece in tempera and gold on poplar panel, painted in the 1280s by Cimabue. It is thought to have originally consisted of two panels, each with four scenes from the life and passion of Christ. These are thought to have been split up for the art market in the 19th century.

Only three scenes from the left panel are known to have survived: the Virgin and Child with Two Angels (National Gallery, London), the Mocking of Christ (Louvre, Paris) and the Flagellation of Christ (Frick Collection, New York).
Miguel Alemán Dam
The Miguel Alemán Dam is on the Tonto River in the Papaloapan Region of Oaxaca state in southern Mexico, just upstream from the town of Temascal, Oaxaca, forming the Miguel Alemán Lake with an area of 47,800 hectares.
The dam operates in conjunction with the Cerro de Oro Dam, located on the Santo Domingo River to control floods in the Papaloapan basin in Veracruz state.
Together with the 22,000 hectare reservoir of the Cerro de Oro, which is joined by a channel to the Miguel Alemán Lake, the combined capacity is 13,380 million cubic metres.
The lake formed by the dam is scenic, providing income from fishing and tourism. The northwestern shore and islands have been declared a nature reserve.
The dam includes the Temascal hydroelectric plant.

Cerro de Oro Dam
The Cerro de Oro Dam (English: Gold Hill Dam), also called the Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado Dam, is on the Santo Domingo River in the San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec municipality of the Papaloapan Region of Oaxaca state in southern Mexico.
The dam operates in conjunction with the Miguel Alemán Dam, located on the Tonto River to control floods in the Papaloapan basin in Veracruz state.
Construction began in 1973 and the dam was completed in May 1989.
About 26,000 people were displaced by the project.
Water quality in the reservoir is poor and deteriorating, affecting fish catches.
Bouguer anomaly
In geodesy and geophysics, the Bouguer anomaly (named after Pierre Bouguer) is a gravity anomaly, corrected for the height at which it is measured and the attraction of terrain. The height correction alone gives a free-air gravity anomaly.

Free-air gravity anomaly
In geophysics, the free-air gravity anomaly, often simply called the free-air anomaly, is the measured gravity anomaly after a free-air correction is applied to account for the elevation at which a measurement is made. It does so by adjusting these measurements of gravity to what would have been measured at a reference level, which is commonly taken as mean sea level or the geoid.
Renzo Piano
Renzo Piano OMRI (Italian: [ˈrɛntso ˈpjaːno]; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect. His notable works include the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (with Richard Rogers, 1977), The Shard in London (2012), Kansai International Airport in Osaka (1994), the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (2015), Istanbul Museum of Modern Art in Istanbul (2022), Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center in Athens (2016) and The New York Times Building in New York City (2007). He was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1998.

Piano has served as a senator for life in the Italian Senate since 2013.

Richard Rogers
Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside (23 July 1933 – 18 December 2021) was a British-Italian architect noted for his modernist and constructivist designs in high-tech architecture. He was the founder at Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, previously known as the Richard Rogers Partnership, until June 2020. After Rogers' retirement and death, the firm rebranded to simply RSHP on 30 June 2022.

Rogers was perhaps best known for his work on the Pompidou Centre in Paris, the Lloyd's building and Millennium Dome, both in London, the Senedd building, in Cardiff, and the European Court of Human Rights building, in Strasbourg. He was awarded the RIBA Gold Medal, the Thomas Jefferson Medal, the RIBA Stirling Prize, the Minerva Medal, and the 2007 Pritzker Prize.