hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glauchau–Gößnitz railway
The Glauchau–Gößnitz railway is a single-track electrified main line railway in the German states of Saxony and Thuringia. It was originally built and operated with the support of the Saxon government and eventually became part of the Royal Saxon State Railways. It opened in 1858 and it is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

The route is an important part of the long-distance connection between the industrial district of west Saxony and western Germany (the Mid-Germany Connection). It runs from a branch on the Dresden–Werdau in Glauchau-Schönbörnchen via Meerane to a branch on the Leipzig–Hof line near Gößnitz.

Dresden–Werdau railway
The Dresden–Werdau railway is an electrified, double-track main line in the German state of Saxony. It runs from Dresden via Freiberg, Chemnitz and Zwickau to Werdau wye, where it joins the Leipzig-Hof railway.

The line was opened in several sections and its first section from Werdau to Zwickau was opened 1845, making it one of the oldest railways in Germany. The Dresden–Tharandt section was completed in 1855, the Chemnitz–Zwickau section followed in 1858, the line was extended from Tharandt to Freiberg in 1862 and the section from Chemnitz to Flöha was opened as part of the line to Annaberg in 1866. The entire line was not open until 1869, when the missing section from Freiberg-Flöha was opened. From then on the railway line developed into an important connection. It continues to be an important part of the so-called Saxon-Franconian trunk line (German: Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale) from Dresden to Nuremberg.
Antennarius scaber
Antennarius scaber, the splitlure frogfish or striated frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean and was previously considered to be a synonym of Antennarius striatus.

Striated frogfish
The striated frogfish or hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus)  is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific and eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Bornean swamp babbler
The Bornean swamp babbler (Pellorneum macropterum) is a species of bird in the ground babbler family Pellorneidae that is found in northern and central Borneo and Banggi Island. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the white-chested babbler, now renamed the Malayan swamp babbler (Pellorneum rostratum).

Malayan swamp babbler
The Malayan swamp babbler (Pellorneum rostratum), previously named the white-chested babbler, is a species of bird in the ground babbler family, Pellorneidae, that is found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, the Riau Islands, the Lingga Islands and the island of Belitung. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the Bornean swamp babbler (Pellorneum macropterum).

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Isaac Hellmuth
Isaac Hellmuth (December 14, 1819 – 28 May 1901), second Anglican Bishop of the Diocese of Huron, was the founder of Huron University College and the University of Western Ontario, one of Canada's leading universities.  He was also founder of Hellmuth Ladies' College and Hellmuth Boys' College, both now defunct, formerly of London, Ontario.

Huron University College
Huron University College is a university college affiliated with the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, Canada. It was Incorporated on the 5 May 1863. Huron is the founding institution of the University of Western Ontario.

It was established by two Anglican clergyman in the year 1863 and the oldest affiliated institution of the University of Western Ontario. Huron is also home to an Anglican seminary and  predates the establishment of the University of Western Ontario by 15 years and acted as a founding element of the larger university. In the latter half of the 20th century, Huron evolved from its theological roots into a modern liberal arts college.
The Ring (Chuck)
The Ring is a major spy organization in the television series Chuck. The main antagonist of the second season (after being introduced in the first), Fulcrum, is revealed in the Season Two finale to be part of the Ring, making him the main antagonist of Season Three. The Ring's goals are not known, but they're clearly in conflict with the legitimate American intelligence community due their attempts to manipulate politics in several countries to accomplish its ends.

Fulcrum (Chuck)
Fulcrum is the codename of a hostile fictional espionage organization in the television series Chuck. Fulcrum serves as the primary antagonist throughout the show's first two seasons, although their specific goals, beyond acquiring the Intersect, remain undisclosed.
Lytton Report
The Report of the Commission of Enquiry, commonly referred to as the Lytton Report (リットン報告書, Ritton Hōkokusho) refers to the findings of the Lytton Commission, entrusted in 1931 by the League of Nations in an attempt to evaluate the Mukden Incident, which was used to justify the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria.

The five-member commission, headed by British politician the Earl of Lytton, announced its conclusions in October 1932. It stated that the Empire of Japan must withdraw from Manchuria, recognized Chinese sovereignty of Manchuria, and refused to recognize the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. The League of Nations General Assembly adopted the report, and Japan quit the League. The recommendations went into effect after Japan surrendered in World War II in 1945.

Mukden incident
The Mukden incident was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

On September 18, 1931, Lieutenant Suemori Kawamoto of the Independent Garrison Unit of the 29th Japanese Infantry Regiment detonated a small quantity of dynamite close to a railway line owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden (now Shenyang). The explosion was so weak that it failed to destroy the track, and a train passed over it minutes later. The Imperial Japanese Army accused Chinese dissidents of the act and responded with a full invasion that led to the occupation of Manchuria, in which Japan established its puppet state of Manchukuo five months later.
Xiangshan County, Guangdong
Xiangshan County, also spelled Hsiangshan, Siangshan, Heungsan, and Heungshan, was a former county in Southern China. From 1912, it was a county in Guangdong Province, in the Republic of China. It was renamed Zhongshan (then usually romanized "Chungshan") in April 1925, in honor of the founder of the Republic of China, Sun Yat Sen, a Xiangshan native.

The county covered the modern-day Zhuhai City, Zhongshan City and a part of Nansha District of Guangzhou City in the Guangdong Province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, formerly known as Portuguese Macau until 1999.

Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ ʂán]), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: 石岐).

Zhongshan is one of the few Chinese cities to be named after a person. It was originally named Xiangshan (香山, "Fragrant Mountain"; Cantonese: Heung-saan), but was renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen, who is known in China as "Sun Zhongshan". Sun was the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic. He was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County.
HTTPS Everywhere
HTTPS Everywhere is a discontinued free and open-source browser extension for Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Brave, Vivaldi and Firefox for Android, which was developed collaboratively by The Tor Project and the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). It automatically makes websites use a more secure HTTPS connection instead of HTTP, if they support it. The option "Encrypt All Sites Eligible" makes it possible to block and unblock all non-HTTPS browser connections with one click. Due to the widespread adoption of HTTPS on the World Wide Web, and the integration of HTTPS-only mode on major browsers, the extension was retired in January 2023.

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
Les Bons
Les Bons (Catalan pronunciation: [lez ˈβɔns]) is a village in the parish of Encamp, Andorra. The Romanesque church Església de Sant Romà de les Bons is located within the village. The village is undergoing a renovation project that is expected to end in 2026.

Encamp
Encamp (Catalan pronunciation: [aŋˈkam]) is one of the parishes of Andorra, located on the Valira d'Orient river. It is also the name of the main town in the parish. Other settlements include Vila, El Pas de la Casa, El Tremat, La Mosquera and Les Bons. As of 2004, it has about 11,800 inhabitants. The centre of the municipality lies 1,226 metres (4,020 ft) above sea level. The highest mountain in the parish is Pic dels Pessons (2,865 m or 9,400 ft). It borders France and Spain.
Law firm network
A law firm network (law firm association or legal network) is a membership organization consisting of independent law firms. These networks are one type of professional services networks similar to networks found in the accounting profession. The common purpose is to expand the resources available to each member for providing services to their clients. Prominent primary law firm networks include CICERO League of International Lawyers, First Law International, Alliott Group (multidisciplinary), Lex Mundi, World Services Group (multidisciplinary), TerraLex, Meritas, Multilaw, The Network of Trial Law Firms, Inc., the State Capital Group, and Pacific Rim Advisory Council. Some of the largest legal networks span the globe, boasting over 10,000 attorneys spread across hundreds of offices worldwide.

Firms within a network can have formal or informal connections with each other, depending on the network's purpose.

Accounting network
An accounting network or accounting association is a professional services network whose principal purpose is to provide members resources to assist the clients around the world and hence reduce the uncertainty by bringing together a greater number of resources to work on a problem. The networks and associations operate independently of the independent members. The largest accounting networks are known as the Big Four.
Berounka
The Berounka (Czech pronunciation: [bɛrɔʊ̯ŋka] ⓘ) is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Vltava River. It flows through the Plzeň and Central Bohemian regions to Prague. It is formed by the confluence of the Mže and Radbuza rivers in Plzeň. Together with the Mže, which is its main source, the Berounka is 244.6 km (152.0 mi) long, which makes it the fifth longest river in the Czech Republic. Without the Mže, it is 139.4 km (86.6 mi) long.

Radbuza
The Radbuza (Czech pronunciation: [ˈradbuza]; German: Radbusa) is a river in the Czech Republic, the secondary source river of the Berounka River. It flows through the Plzeň Region. It is 109.7 km (68.2 mi) long, making it the 17th longest river in the Czech Republic.
Cathays Park
Cathays Park (Welsh: Parc Cathays) or Cardiff Civic Centre is a civic centre area in the city centre of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, consisting of a number of early 20th century buildings and a central park area, Alexandra Gardens. It includes Edwardian buildings such as the Temple of Peace, City Hall, the National Museum and Gallery of Wales and several buildings belonging to the Cardiff University campus. It also includes Cardiff Crown Court, the administrative headquarters of the Welsh Government, and the more modern Cardiff Central police station. The Pevsner architectural guide to the historic county of Glamorgan judges Cathays Park to be "the finest civic centre in the British Isles". The area falls within the Cathays electoral ward and forms part of the Cathays Park Conservation Area, which was designated in 1975.

Temple of Peace, Cardiff
The Welsh National Temple of Peace and Health, known as the Temple of Peace and Health (Welsh: Y Deml Heddwch ac Iechyd) or commonly the Temple of Peace (Y Deml Heddwch), is a non-religious civic building in Cathays Park, Cardiff, the capital city of Wales. It was designed by the architect Sir Percy Thomas. Since its foundation, the building has served a dual function as headquarters for health and international affairs organisations.
Outdoor education
Outdoor education is organized learning that takes place in the outdoors, such as during school camping trips. Outdoor education programs sometimes involve residential or journey wilderness-based experiences which engage participants in a variety of adventurous challenges and outdoor activities such as hiking, climbing, canoeing, ropes courses and group games.  Outdoor education draws upon the philosophy, theory, and practices of experiential education and environmental education.

Ropes course
A ropes course is a challenging outdoor personal development and team building activity which usually consists of high elements, low elements, or some combination of the two. Low elements take place on the ground or above the ground.  High elements are usually constructed in trees or made of utility poles and require a belay for safety.
Four-document hypothesis
The four-document hypothesis or four-source hypothesis is an explanation for the relationship between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. It posits that there were at least four sources to the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke: the Gospel of Mark and three lost sources (Q, M, and L). It was proposed by B. H. Streeter in 1925, who refined the two-source hypothesis into a four-source hypothesis.

M source
M source, which is sometimes referred to as M document, or simply M, comes from  the M in "Matthean material". It is a hypothetical textual source for the Gospel of Matthew. M Source is defined as that "special material" of the Gospel of Matthew that is neither Q source nor Mark.
Italian Catholic Electoral Union
The Italian Catholic Electoral Union (Unione Elettorale Cattolica Italiana, UECI) was a political organization designed to coordinate the participation of Catholic voices in Italian electoral contests. Its founder and leader was the Count Vincenzo Ottorino Gentiloni.

Ottorino Gentiloni
Count Vincenzo Ottorino Gentiloni (13 October 1865 – 2 August 1916) was an Italian politician, one of the early leaders of the Italian Catholic Azione Cattolica movement. He was born near Ancona, was active in Catholic politics from the 1890s, and served as president of the Catholic Electoral Union from 1909 to 1916.

When the Pope lifted the ban on Catholic participation in politics in 1913, and the electorate was expanded, he collaborated with Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti in the Gentiloni pact. It directed Catholic voters to Giolitti supporters who agreed to favor the Church's position on such key issues as funding private Catholic schools, and blocking a law allowing divorce. Radicals and Socialist condemned the alliance, and brought down Giolitti's coalition in 1914.

Gentiloni died in 1916, due to epidemic typhus, contracted during the World War I.
Goheimochi
Goheimochi (Japanese: 五平餅) is a type of mochi made in the Chubu region of central Japan, specifically in Nagano, Gifu, and Aichi prefectures. Unlike regular mochi it is coated with a type of sweet and sour sauce, usually composed of sugar, soy sauce, and mirin. The mochi is then skewered and grilled. Goheimochi is typically made in one of two shapes: Waraji is shaped like a traditional sandal and rounded mochi is served on a skewer. The mochi is usually only half-cooked so that some grains of rice remain, the rice is usually short-grain rice giving goheimochi a firmer texture compared to standard mochi.

Mochi
Mochi (/ˈmoʊtʃiː/ MOH-chee; Japanese もち, 餅 [motɕi] ⓘ) is a Japanese rice cake made of mochigome (もち米), a short-grain japonica glutinous rice, and sometimes other ingredients such as water, sugar, and cornstarch. The steamed rice is pounded into paste and molded into the desired shape. In Japan, it is traditionally made in a ceremony called mochitsuki (餅搗き). While eaten year-round, mochi is a traditional food for the Japanese New Year, and is commonly sold and eaten during that time.

Mochi is made up of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, and water. Mochi has a varied structure of amylopectin gel, starch grains, and air bubbles. In terms of starch content, the rice used for mochi is very low in amylose and has a high amylopectin level, producing a gel-like consistency. The protein content of the japonica rice used to make mochi is higher than that of standard short-grain rice.

Mochi is similar to dango, which is made with rice flour instead of pounded rice grains.
Emerson High School (Union City, New Jersey)
Emerson High School was a public high school located in Union City, in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as part of the Union City Board of Education. The school was originally one of two high schools in Union City, along with Union Hill High School, that served the city's students. With the merger of both schools into the new Union City High School in 2008 and the opening of that school's new campus in 2009, both of the former high schools were converted to serve sixth, seventh, and eighth graders. The former Emerson High School is now Emerson Middle School.

Union Hill High School
Union Hill High School was a public high school serving students in grades 9–12 from Union City in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as one of two high schools of the Union City Board of Education, an Abbott District. The school was built in—and named for—what was formerly Union Hill, a municipality which merged with West Hoboken in 1925 to form Union City. Until 2008, Union Hill was one of the city's two high schools, with the former Emerson High School the other. The Union Hill and Emerson campuses continued to serve high school students for an additional year as separate campuses of the new Union City High School, after which that school's main campus was completed and both schools were converted to their current designation. The building that housed Union Hill High School is now Union Hill Middle School and houses students in grades seven and eight.
Socket AM4
Socket AM4 is a PGA microprocessor socket used by AMD's central processing units (CPUs) built on the Zen (including Zen+, Zen 2 and Zen 3) and Excavator microarchitectures.

AM4 was launched in September 2016 and was designed to replace the sockets AM3+, FM2+ and FS1b as a single platform. It has 1331 pin slots and is the first from AMD to support DDR4 memory as well as achieve unified compatibility between high-end CPUs (previously using Socket AM3+) and AMD's lower-end APUs (on various other sockets). In 2017, AMD made a commitment to using the AM4 platform with socket 1331 until 2020. AM5 succeeded the AM4 platform in late 2022 with the introduction of the Ryzen 7000 series, however, AMD has continued to release new CPUs for AM4 even after the release of AM5.

Socket AM5
Socket AM5 (LGA 1718) is a zero insertion force flip-chip land grid array (LGA) CPU socket designed by AMD that is used for AMD Ryzen microprocessors starting with the Zen 4 microarchitecture. AM5 was launched in September 2022 and is the successor to AM4.

The Ryzen 7000 series processors were the first AM5 processors. The 7000 series added support for PCI Express 5.0 and DDR5.
Dmitrii Chigirev
Dmitrii Evgenievich Chigirev (born 1 April 2001) is a Russian pair skater. Competing for Uzbekistan with his former skating partner, Ekaterina Geynish, he is the 2025 Asian Winter Games champion, the 2024 Skate Canada International silver medalist, and the 2024 John Nicks International Pairs Competition bronze medalist.

They are the first Uzbek pair team to win an ISU Grand Prix medal.

Ekaterina Geynish
Ekaterina Pavlovna Geynish (born 18 March 2006) is a Russian pair skater. Competing for Uzbekistan with former partner, Dmitrii Chigirev, she is the 2025 Asian Winter Games champion, the 2024 Skate Canada International silver medalist, and the 2024 John Nicks International Pairs Competition bronze medalist.

They are the first Uzbek pair team to win an ISU Grand Prix medal.
Abraham D. Shadd
Abraham Doras Shadd (March 2, 1801 – February 11, 1882) was an African-American abolitionist and civil rights activist who emigrated to Ontario, Canada, and became one of Canada's first black elected officials. He was the father of prominent activist and publisher Mary Ann Shadd and her siblings Eunice P. Shadd and Isaac Shadd.

Eunice P. Shadd
Eunice P. Shadd, also known as Eunice Lindsay (1846 – January 4, 1888), was an American-Canadian physician born in Pennsylvania and raised in Chatham, Ontario. She was the first black woman to graduate from Howard University College of Medicine.
102nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 102nd Infantry Regiment currently consists of one battalion in the Connecticut National Guard. In the modern U.S. Army regimental system, regimental designation is used only in historical tradition, and there is no regimental headquarters or staff. It is one of several National Guard units with colonial roots. The 1st Battalion, 102nd Regiment is headquartered in New Haven, Connecticut. Its mascot is Sergeant Stubby.

Connecticut Military Department
The Connecticut Military Department is a state agency of the government of Connecticut. Its primary components are the 
Connecticut Army National Guard, the Connecticut Air National Guard, and four companies of the state militia. The Military Department of the State of Connecticut traces its origins to May 11, 1637, when the "General Courts" (colonial assembly - legislature) established a military arm of the provincial government. In 1939, the State's Military Department was established to consolidate the offices of Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Armory Board, and Armory Board Inspector.