hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ravindra Wijegunaratne
Admiral Ravindra Chandrasiri Wijegunaratne, WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI(M), ndc, psn,  is a retired Sri Lankan admiral, and former Chief of Defence Staff of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. He  has also served as the Commander of the Sri Lankan Navy, Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Navy, the Director General of the Sri Lanka Coast Guard and held, at various times, four of the seven Naval Commands of the SLN. Wijegunaratne has also served as Director Naval Operations, and is a recipient of the Weerodara Vibhushanaya.

Rana Sura Padakkama
Rana Sura Padakkama (RSP, Combat Excellence Medal) (Sinhala: රණ ශූර පදක්කම rana śūra padakkama) is awarded to servicepersons of all ranks of the regular and volunteer forces of the Military of Sri Lanka for individual acts of bravery and otherwise distinguished conduct in the face of the enemy during active deployment. Bars could be awarded for further acts of gallantry meriting the award for a second and third time, denoted by a star in the ribbon bar for each additional award.
Mississippian stone statuary
The Mississippian stone statuary are artifacts of polished stone in the shape of human figurines made by members of the Mississippian culture (800 to 1600 CE) and found in archaeological sites in the American Midwest and Southeast. Two distinct styles exist; the first is a style of carved flint clay found over a wide geographical area but believed to be from the American Bottom area and manufactured at the Cahokia site specifically; the second is a variety of carved and polished locally available stone primarily found in the Tennessee-Cumberland region and northern Georgia (although there are lone outliers of this style in other regions). Early European explorers reported seeing stone and wooden statues in native temples, but the first documented modern discovery was made in 1790 in Kentucky, and given as a gift to Thomas Jefferson.

Mississippian culture pottery
Mississippian culture pottery is the ceramic tradition of the Mississippian culture (800 to 1600 CE) found as artifacts in archaeological sites in the American Midwest and Southeast. It is often characterized by the adoption and use of riverine (or more rarely marine) shell-tempering agents in the clay paste. Shell tempering is one of the hallmarks of Mississippian cultural practices. Analysis of local differences in materials, techniques, forms, and designs is a primary means for archaeologists to learn about the lifeways, religious practices, trade, and interaction among Mississippian peoples. The value of this pottery on the illegal antiquities market has led to extensive looting of sites.
Lorenzo Trotti
Lorenzo Trotti (1633 – 30 September 1700) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Pavia (1672–1700), Apostolic Nuncio to Venice (1668–1671), Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1666–1668), and Titular Archbishop of Carthage (1666–1672).

Apostolic Nunciature to Venice
The Apostolic Nunciature to Venice was an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church to the Republic of Venice, Italy. It was a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The office ceased to exist when the Republic lost its independence after it was conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte on 12 May 1797 during the First Coalition.
The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea
The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea (Japanese: 午後の曳航, romanized: Gogo no eiko, lit. 'Afternoon tow') is a novel written by Yukio Mishima, published in Japanese in 1963 and translated into English by John Nathan in 1965.

John Nathan
John Weil Nathan (born March 1940) is an American translator, writer, scholar, filmmaker, and Japanologist. His translations from Japanese into English include the works of Yukio Mishima, Kenzaburō Ōe, Kōbō Abe, and Natsume Sōseki. Nathan is also an Emmy Award-winning producer, writer and director of several films about Japanese culture and society and American business. He is Professor Emeritus of Japanese Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Rudy Fernández (basketball)
Rodolfo "Rudy" Fernández Farrés (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈruði feɾˈnandeθ]; born 4 April 1985) is a Spanish former professional basketball player who spent the majority of his career for Real Madrid of the Spanish Liga ACB and the EuroLeague. He is a 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) tall swingman. He is a three-time All-EuroLeague Team selection and won the EuroLeague title in 2015, 2018 and 2023. During his stint in the National Basketball Association (NBA), he was an NBA All-Rookie Second Team member.

Fernández represented the senior Spanish national team internationally, and became the most capped player ever for Spain, with 266 matches. He has won two FIBA World Cup titles, in 2006 and 2019, two Olympic silver medals in 2008 and 2012, as well as a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He also won four EuroBasket titles in 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2022, a silver medal in 2007, and a bronze medal in 2013. Fernández earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 2009.

Spain men's national basketball team
The Spain men's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección Española de Baloncesto) represents Spain in international basketball competitions. They are managed by the Spanish Basketball Federation, the governing body for basketball in Spain.

Spain has appeared 33 times at the EuroBasket, winning four gold medals, six silver medals, and four bronze medals. They have also competed at the Summer Olympics 14 times, with three silver medals and one bronze medal as their accomplishments. They have qualified for the FIBA World Cup 13 times, winning it twice, in 2006 and 2019.

Spain is currently ranked seventh in the FIBA World Ranking.
Membrane protein
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending on their location.  Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of a membrane (integral monotopic). Peripheral membrane proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane.

Membrane proteins are common, and medically important—about a third of all human proteins are membrane proteins, and these are targets for more than half of all drugs.  Nonetheless, compared to other classes of proteins, determining membrane protein structures remains a challenge in large part due to the difficulty in establishing experimental conditions that can preserve the correct (native) conformation of the protein in isolation from its native environment.

Integral membrane protein
An integral, or intrinsic, membrane protein (IMP)  is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified as IMPs, but not all IMPs are transmembrane proteins. IMPs comprise a significant fraction of the proteins encoded in an organism's genome. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by annular lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein. Such proteins can only be separated from the membranes by using detergents, nonpolar solvents, or sometimes denaturing agents.

Proteins that adhere only temporarily to cellular membranes are known as peripheral membrane proteins. These proteins can either associate with integral membrane proteins, or independently insert in the lipid bilayer in several ways.
FK Tauras Tauragė
Tauro futbolo klubas, commonly known as FK Tauras or simply Tauras, is a Lithuanian professional football club based in Tauragė. The club competes in the II Lyga, the third tier of Lithuanian football.

Tauragė
Tauragė (pronunciationⓘ; see other names) is an industrial city in Lithuania, and the capital of Tauragė County. In 2020, its population was 20,956. Tauragė is situated on the Jūra River, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast, and not far from the Baltic Sea coast.

Although first mentioned in 1507, Tauragė did not receive its city charter until 1924, and its coat of arms (a silver hunting horn in a red field) until 1997.

The previously small town was significantly developed in the 19th century and early 20th century, however its architecture suffered devastating damages during World War I and World War II. Notable surviving buildings in the city include the castle (19th century Russian Empire customs), 19th century Post office, buildings from the 20th century inter-war period, several churches: the Lutheran (built in 1843), the Catholic (1904) and Orthodox (1933). Lithuanian, Swedish and Danish factories operate in the city.
Richard St. Barbe Baker
Richard St. Barbe Baker (9 October 1889 – 9 June 1982) was an English biologist and botanist, environmental activist and author, who contributed greatly to worldwide reforestation efforts. As a leader, he founded an organisation, Men of the Trees, still active today as the International Tree Foundation, whose many chapters carry out reforestation internationally.

International Tree Foundation
International Tree Foundation (ITF) is an international, non-profit, non-political, conservation organisation. It is involved in planting, maintenance and protection of trees. It was founded in Kenya on 22 July 1922 by Richard St. Barbe Baker as Men of the Trees.

ITF operates in several countries in Africa and in the United Kingdom. There have been chapters in over 100 countries. By some estimates, organizations he founded or assisted have been responsible for planting at least 26 billion trees, internationally.
City of Glasgow College
The City of Glasgow College is a further and higher education college in the city of Glasgow. It was founded in 2010 when the Central College, Glasgow Metropolitan College, and the Glasgow College of Nautical Studies merged. It is the largest college and technical institution in Scotland.

Located in Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, the college has two campuses; Riverside Campus situated on the River Clyde and City Campus located in the city centre. The City Campus was opened in 2016 and Riverside Campus was opened in 1969 as the Glasgow College of Nautical Studies and underwent an extensive refurbishment, opening in 2015. Both developments were contracted by Sir Robert McAlpine with architects Michael Laird and Reiach & Hall. Both campuses were shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize.

Glasgow Metropolitan College
Merged into the City of Glasgow College in 2010

Glasgow Metropolitan College was a further education college located in Glasgow, Scotland. The College was created on 7 February 2005 by the merger of the Glasgow College of Building & Printing and Glasgow College of Food Technology and itself merged with Central College and Glasgow College of Nautical Studies in 2010.

The College of Building and Printing itself was formed from the amalgamation of the College of Building and the College of Printing in 1972. The College of Building has had a presence on the College's current site since 1927.

The preceding colleges had a reputation for the provision of courses within the food, hospitality, tourism, construction and the creative industries. The merger and creation of Glasgow Metropolitan College created Glasgow’s biggest college with over 20,000 student enrolments and 500 members of staff.
Solar eclipse of August 31, 1913
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, August 31, 1913, with a magnitude of 0.1513. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Canada and Greenland.

Solar eclipse of September 30, 1913
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 30, 1913, with a magnitude of 0.8252. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Southern Africa and Antarctica.
Rivière des Chutes
The Rivière des Chutes (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ de ʃyt], "River of the Falls") drains mainly the municipality of Saint-Narcisse, and also Saint-Stanislas, at the end of its course. These municipalities are located in the Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, Canada.

The Rivière des Chutes flows over 20.4 kilometres (12.7 mi) (including 1.7 km in Saint-Stanislas at the end of it path) and drains a watershed of an area of 76.1 square kilometres (29.4 sq mi) (including watershed Sanschagrin stream, in Saint-Stanislas).

Saint-Narcisse
Saint-Narcisse (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ naʁsis]) is a parish municipality located in the regional county municipality (MRC) Chenaux, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Located on the North Shore of the Saint Lawrence River, about 30 km (19 mi) from downtown Trois-Rivières, the parish of Saint-Narcisse is the heart of the Mauricie region.

The town was named in honour of Saint Narcissus. A statue of Saint-Narcisse sits atop the main altar of the church of Saint-Narcisse. Narcisse was born in Palestine in the late first century of the Christian era. Third Bishop of Jerusalem, he was appointed bishop at the age of 80 years. With Theophilus of Caesarea, he presided in the year 195 a council under the auspices of Pope Victor.
Roxy Paine
Roxy Paine (born 1966, New York City) is an American painter and sculptor widely known for his installations that often convey elements of conflict between the natural world and the artificial plains man creates. He was educated at both the College of Santa Fe (now Santa Fe University of Art and Design) in New Mexico and the Pratt Institute in New York.

Since 1990, Paine's works have been exhibited in major collections and galleries across the United States, Germany, Sweden, England, the Netherlands, and Israel. His most reviewed exhibitions include Replicants, Machines, Dendroids, and Dioramas. Roxy Paine currently lives and works in Brooklyn and Treadwell, New York.

Santa Fe University of Art and Design
Santa Fe University of Art and Design (SFUAD) was a private for-profit art school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The university was built from the non-profit College of Santa Fe (CSF), a Catholic facility founded as St. Michael's College in 1859, and renamed the College of Santa Fe in 1966. After financial difficulties in 2009, the college closed and the campus was purchased by the City of Santa Fe, the State of New Mexico, and Laureate Education, and reopened with a narrowed focus on film, theater, graphic design, and fine arts. As Santa Fe University of Art and Design it became a secular college of 950 students. The university closed in May 2018 due to significant ongoing financial challenges.
Fort St. John, British Columbia
Fort St. John is a city located in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. The most populous municipality in the Peace River Regional District, the city encompasses a total area of about 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi) with 21,465 residents recorded in the 2021 Census. Located at Mile 47 of the Alaska Highway, it is one of the largest cities between Dawson Creek, British Columbia and Delta Junction, Alaska. Established in 1794 as a trading post, Fort St. John is the oldest European-established settlement in present-day British Columbia. The city is served by the Fort St. John Airport. The municipal slogan is Fort St. John: The Energetic City.

Fort St. John Airport
Fort St. John Airport (IATA: YXJ, ICAO: CYXJ), North Peace Regional Airport, or North Peace Airport, is located at Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada. The airport is operated by North Peace Airport Services Ltd (a subsidiary of Vantage Airport Group). A new record of 257,295 passengers came through the airport in 2015, up from the 252,729 passengers seen in 2014.

In 2013, WestJet Encore announced regular scheduled service to Calgary and Vancouver, representing a major expansion of airline service to the Fort St. John market. Scheduled service to Vancouver is also provided by Air Canada Express.
Robert Manning Gray
Robert Manning Gray (May 24, 1919 – October 18, 1942) was an United States Army Air Forces pilot who was the pilot of B-25B (#40-2270), "Whiskey Pete", during the Doolittle Raid in World War II and is the namesake of Robert Gray Army Airfield near Killeen, Texas.

Robert Gray Army Airfield
Robert Gray Army Airfield (IATA: GRK, ICAO: KGRK, FAA LID: GRK) is a military joint-use airport that operates alongside Killeen Regional Airport. The airport is based inside the south end of the Fort Hood Military Reservation (West Fort Hood), six nautical miles (7 mi, 11 km) southwest of the central business district of Killeen, Texas, in unincorporated Bell County.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 232,299 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 231,500 enplanements in 2009, and 243,861 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year).
Monte Carlo methods in finance
Monte Carlo methods are used in corporate finance and mathematical finance to value and analyze (complex) instruments, portfolios and investments by simulating the various sources of uncertainty affecting their value, and then determining the distribution of their value over the range of resultant outcomes. This is usually done by help of stochastic asset models. The advantage of Monte Carlo methods over other techniques increases as the dimensions (sources of uncertainty) of the problem increase.

Monte Carlo methods were first introduced to finance in 1964 by David B. Hertz through his Harvard Business Review article, discussing their application in Corporate Finance. In 1977, Phelim Boyle pioneered the use of simulation in derivative valuation in his seminal Journal of Financial Economics paper.

This article discusses typical financial problems in which Monte Carlo methods are used. It also touches on the use of so-called "quasi-random" methods such as the use of Sobol sequences.

Sobol sequence
Sobol' sequences (also called LPτ sequences or (t, s) sequences in base 2) are a type of quasi-random low-discrepancy sequence. They were first introduced by the Russian mathematician Ilya M. Sobol’ (Илья Меерович Соболь) in 1967.

These sequences use a base of two to form successively finer uniform partitions of the unit interval and then reorder the coordinates in each dimension.
South Dakota Highway 471
South Dakota Highway 471 (SD 471) is a 21.981-mile (35.375 km) state highway in western Fall River, South Dakota, United States, that  connects Highway 71 (SD 71), southeast of Rumford, with U.S. Route 18 (US 18), in Edgemont.

Fall River County, South Dakota
Fall River County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,973. Its county seat is Hot Springs. The county was founded in 1883. It is named for the Fall River which runs through it.
Kamal Nath ministry
The Kamal Nath ministry was the Council of Ministers in 15th Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly headed by Chief Minister Kamal Nath.

All the ministers were of Cabinet rank. Due to the political crisis in the month of March 2020, the ministry lasted for only 15 months i.e. from 17 December 2018 to 20 March 2020.

2020 Madhya Pradesh political crisis
In March 2020, a political crisis developed in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, due to the resignation of 22 sitting MLAs of the Indian National Congress party from the state's Legislative Assembly. It eventually led to the fall of the Kamal Nath government and the subsequent formation of the fourth Shivraj Singh Chouhan government in Madhya Pradesh.
Claude Allègre
Claude Allègre (French: [klod alɛɡʁ]; 31 March 1937 – 4 January 2025) was a French politician and scientist. His work in the field of isotope geochemistry was recognised with the award of many senior medals, including the Crafoord Prize for geosciences in 1986 and the William Bowie Medal of the American Geophysical Union in 1995. His political service included a three-year term as Minister of Education in France, from 1997 to 2000.

Gerald J. Wasserburg
Gerald J. Wasserburg (March 25, 1927 – June 13, 2016) was an American geologist. At the time of his death, he was the John D. MacArthur Professor of Geology and Geophysics, emeritus, at the California Institute of Technology. He was known for his work in the fields of  isotope geochemistry, cosmochemistry, meteoritics, and astrophysics.
Yaw Shin Leong
Yaw Shin Leong (Chinese: 饶欣龙; pinyin: Ráo Xīnlóng; 2 June 1976 – 10 November 2023) was a Singaporean businessman and politician. A former member of the Workers' Party (WP), he was the Member of Parliament for Hougang Single Member Constituency (SMC) between 2011 and 2012.

Hougang Single Member Constituency
The Hougang Single Member Constituency is a single-member constituency (SMC) situated in north-eastern Singapore. It is managed by Aljunied–Hougang Town Council (AHTC). The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency is Dennis Tan from the Workers' Party (WP).
Hooked (Why Don't We song)
"Hooked" is a song performed by American boy band Why Don't We. The song was released as a digital download on June 7, 2018 by Signature and Atlantic Records, as the lead single from their debut studio album 8 Letters. The song peaked at number twenty-two on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.

Why Don't We
Why Don't We, shortened to wdw, was an American boy band consisting of Jack Avery, Corbyn Besson, Zach Herron, Jonah Marais and Daniel Seavey. They formed in 2016 and released two studio albums and six extended plays. Because of a lawsuit, the group took a hiatus and cancelled their tour in 2022, and eventually lost the rights to the group name in February 2025, marking the official end of the group.
Gilman Louie
Gilman Louie (born 1960) is an American technology venture capitalist who started as a video game designer and then co-founded and ran the CIA venture capital fund In-Q-Tel. With his company Nexa Corporation he designed and developed multiple computer games such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon flight simulator series. His company later merged with Spectrum Holobyte where he was CEO until its acquisition by Hasbro, after which he became Chief Creative Officer and General Manager of its Games.com group. He has been on a number of boards of directors, including Wizards of the Coast, Niantic, Total Entertainment Network, FASA Interactive, Wickr, Aerospike, the Chinese American International School, Markle Foundation, Digital Promise, and Maxar Technologies. He is chairman of the Federation of American Scientists and Vricon. He is a member of the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board and the U.S. Department of State’s Foreign Affairs Policy Board.

Falcon (series)
The Falcon line of computer games is a series of simulations of the F-16 Fighting Falcon combat aircraft. The games, mostly published by Spectrum HoloByte, were noted for their high level of realism unseen in contemporary simulation games.

On May 4, 2023, MicroProse announced it had re-acquired the copyright to the Falcon series.