hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wheeler Dryden
George Dryden Wheeler Jr. (31 August 1892 – 30 September 1957), also known as Leo George Wheeler but known professionally as Wheeler Dryden, was an English-born American actor and film director. He was the son of Hannah Chaplin and music hall entertainer Leo Dryden, and younger half-brother of actors Sir Charlie and Sydney Chaplin.

He moved to the United States in 1918, joining his mother and two half-brothers. He worked as an actor and director, sometimes assisting Charlie Chaplin. He was married for a short time to ballerina Anna Chapple and they had one child together, Spencer Dryden, who became a rock musician with several prominent American bands and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Sydney Chaplin
Sydney John Chaplin (né Hill; 16 March 1885 – 16 April 1965) was an English actor. Chaplin was the elder half-brother of actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin and in later life, served as his business manager.

Through their mother Hannah, they were older half-brothers to the younger Wheeler Dryden, who grew up separately with his father in England and was not told about his half-brothers until 1915. Dryden later immigrated to the United States, joining the Chaplins in Hollywood. Sydney Chaplin was also a half-uncle of actor Sydney Chaplin (1926–2009), who was named after him.
Ouvrage Chesnois
Ouvrage Chesnois (French pronunciation: [uvʁaʒ ʃɛnwa]), also known as Ouvrage Chênois, is a gros ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of Montmédy, facing Belgium. The ouvrage lies between the towns of Montlibert and Thonne-le-Thil. It possesses six combat blocks. It is located between gros ouvrage Thonnelle and petit ouvrage La Ferté. The position was sabotaged and abandoned by French forces that were ordered to retreat from the exposed position in June 1940 during the Battle of France. The ouvrage is now abandoned and sealed.

Ouvrage La Ferté
Ouvrage La Ferté, also known as Ouvrage Villy-La Ferté, is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of Montmédy, facing Belgium. The ouvrage lies between the towns of Villy and La Ferté-sur-Chiers. It possesses two combat blocks linked by an underground gallery. The westernmost position in its sector, it was a comparatively weakly armed fortification in an exposed position that left it vulnerable to isolation and attack. After a sustained attack during the Battle of France, the position was overwhelmed by German forces and was destroyed with its entire garrison killed.  The fighting at La Ferté was the heaviest of any position in the Maginot Line. It is preserved as a war memorial.
Moscow Conference (1943)
The Third Moscow Conference between the major Allies of World War II took place during October 18 to November 11, 1943, at the Moscow Kremlin and Spiridonovka Palace. It was composed of major diplomats, ministers and generals, who discussed cooperation in the war effort, and issued the Moscow Declaration.

Moscow Declarations
The Moscow Declarations were four declarations signed during the Moscow Conference on October 30, 1943. The declarations are distinct from the communique that was issued following the Moscow Conference of 1945. They were signed by the foreign secretaries of the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the Republic of China. Four declarations were signed at the conference: The Declaration of the Four Nations on General Security, the Declaration on Italy, the Declaration on Austria, and the Declarations on Atrocities.
Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State
Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State (in Spanish: Equipo Demócrata Cristiano del Estado Español, EDCEE) was a political alliance of the Democratic Union of Catalonia, the Federation of Christian Democracy (composed of Democratic Left of Ruiz Giménez and the Democratic People's Federation of Gil Robles, formed in January 1976) and other regional parties. EDCEE contested the 1977 general elections in Spain in alliance with Catalan centrist forces. The alliance got 215,841 votes (1.18% of the nationwide vote).

Democratic People's Federation
Democratic People's Federation (Spanish: Federación Popular Democrática, FPD) was a Christian Democratic political organization created in 1975 by José María Gil-Robles, heir of the Christian Social Democracy of José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones.

The federation was composed of the Democratic People's Federation, Basque Christian Democracy, Democratic Party of Andalusia, Castilla Democratic People's Party and the Western People's Association. It held its first and only Congress on 29 and 30 January 1977.

It formed, along with Democratic Left of Joaquín Ruiz-Giménez, the Federation of Christian Democracy on March 27, 1977, which was part of the Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State. In the 1977 general elections, where it only obtained 1.18% of the votes, so soon after both were dissolved.
Tacit collusion
Tacit collusion is a collusion between competitors who do not explicitly exchange information but achieve an agreement about coordination of conduct. There are two types of tacit collusion: concerted action and conscious parallelism. In a concerted action also known as concerted activity, competitors exchange some information without reaching any explicit agreement, while conscious parallelism implies no communication. In both types of tacit collusion, competitors agree to play a certain strategy without explicitly saying so. It is also called oligopolistic price coordination or tacit parallelism.

A dataset of gasoline prices of BP, Caltex, Woolworths, Coles, and Gull from Perth gathered in the years 2001 to 2015 was used to show by statistical analysis the tacit collusion between these retailers. BP emerged as a price leader and influenced the behavior of the competitors. As result, the timing of price jumps became coordinated and the margins started to grow in 2010.

Collusion
Collusion is a deceitful agreement or secret cooperation between two or more parties to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading or defrauding others of their legal right. Collusion is not always considered illegal. It can be used to attain objectives forbidden by law; for example, by defrauding or gaining an unfair market advantage. It is an agreement among firms or individuals to divide a market, set prices, limit production or limit opportunities.
It can involve "price or wage fixing, kickbacks, or misrepresenting the independence of the relationship between the colluding parties". In legal terms, all acts effected by collusion are considered void.
Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI
The resignation of Pope Benedict XVI took effect on 28 February 2013 at 20:00 Roman-Vatican Time, following Benedict XVI's announcement of the same on 11 February. It made him the first pope to relinquish the office since Gregory XII was forced to resign in 1415 to end the Western Schism, and the first pope to voluntarily resign since Celestine V in 1294.

All other popes in the modern era have held the position from election until death. Benedict resigned at the age of 85, citing declining health due to old age. The conclave to select his successor began on 12 March 2013 and on 13 March 2013 elected cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina, who took the name of Francis.

Benedict chose to be known as "Pope emeritus" upon his resignation, and he retained this title until his death in December 2022.

Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI
On 31 December 2022, at 09:34 CET (UTC+1), former Pope Benedict XVI died at the age of 95 at Mater Ecclesiae Monastery in Vatican City. He had been pope emeritus since his resignation as the leader of the Catholic Church in 2013 due to his declining health. His death and subsequent funeral from 2022 to 2023 ended a nine-year period during which an incumbent pope and a retired pope lived within Vatican City, and ten-year Catholic Church involvement with both the then-current pope and pope-emeritus.

Benedict XVI's body lay in state in St. Peter's Basilica from 2 to 4 January 2023, during which around 195,000 mourners paid their respects. His funeral took place in St. Peter's Square on 5 January and was attended by around 50,000 people, presided over by Pope Francis, whose role as an incumbent pope overseeing the funeral of his predecessor was unprecedented given the order of papal succession.
Citroën LNA
The Citroën LN (Hélène) and Citroën LNA (Hélèna) are front-engine, front-drive, three-door, four passenger hatchback city cars manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1976 to 1986 over a single generation — as a badge engineered variant of the Peugeot 104, introduced shortly after the takeover of Citroën by Peugeot.

The added "A" used in the name of the bigger engined LNA stood for Athlétique (Athletic).
Its noise figure is 69 decibels.

Peugeot 104
The Peugeot 104 is a supermini car produced by the French company Peugeot between 1972 and 1988. It was designed by Paolo Martin was initially only sold as a four-door saloon car, with a three-door hatchback variant introduced in 1974 and a five-door hatchback version replacing the saloon in 1976. The 104 was the first model produced at the company's Mulhouse plant. It was also the first new Peugeot introduced since 1955 not to be offered in a diesel version.
Apache SpamAssassin
Apache SpamAssassin is a computer program used for e-mail spam filtering. It uses a variety of spam-detection techniques, including DNS and fuzzy checksum techniques, Bayesian filtering, external programs, blacklists and online databases. It is released under the Apache License 2.0 and is a part of the Apache Foundation since 2004.

The program can be integrated with the mail server to automatically filter all mail for a site. It can also be run by individual users on their own mailbox and integrates with several mail programs. Apache SpamAssassin is highly configurable; if used as a system-wide filter it can still be configured to support per-user preferences.

Anti-spam techniques
Various anti-spam techniques are used to prevent email spam (unsolicited bulk email).

No technique is a complete solution to the spam problem, and each has trade-offs between incorrectly rejecting legitimate email (false positives) as opposed to not rejecting all spam email (false negatives) – and the associated costs in time, effort, and cost of wrongfully obstructing good mail. This leads to combinations of the many techniques in order to achieve the best protection against spam and the potential harms that may come with it, while keeping the emails that should be seen intact.

Anti-spam techniques can be broken into four broad categories: those that require actions by individuals (end-user techniques), those that can be automated by email administrators, those that can be automated by email senders and those employed by researchers and law enforcement officials. They are often used in conjunction with one another.
Bath bus station
Bath bus station serves as part of an integrated transport interchange for the city of Bath, Somerset, England.

The Manvers Street bus station opened in 1958 and operated until 2009, when it was replaced by a new bus station, in Dorchester Street, as part of the Southgate regeneration programme.

The bus station is managed by First West of England. There are 16 bays. Bay 1 is for FlixBus and Bay 2 is for National Express coach services; bays 3 to 16 are for local bus services.

SouthGate
SouthGate is a shopping centre in Bath, Somerset, England, It is home to over fifty shops, ten restaurants, 99 homes and an 860-space underground car park. It replaced a shopping centre which was demolished in 2007.

The new centre developed by Multi Corporation UK is more than double the size of the previous space and provides 37,000 square metres of retail space, 3,500 m2 of leisure space, 2,300 m2 of restaurant space plus 99 residential units. It was designed by Chapman Taylor to mimic Georgian architecture with a Bath stone facade. The first owners were the Aviva Investors. In 2013 British Land purchased a 50% stake for £101 million, leaving Aviva Investors as owners of the other 50%.

The development won the Georgian Group Architectural Giles Worsley Award for a New Building in Georgian Context in 2010.
Bristol Byzantine
Bristol Byzantine is a variety of Byzantine Revival architecture that was popular in the city of Bristol from about 1850 to 1880.

Many buildings in the style have been destroyed or demolished, but notable surviving examples include the Bristol Beacon, the Granary on Welsh Back, the Carriage Works on Stokes Croft and several of the buildings around Victoria Street. Several of the warehouses around the harbour have survived including the Arnolfini, which now houses an art gallery. Clarks Wood Company warehouse and the St Vincent's Works in Silverthorne Lane and the Wool Hall in St Thomas Street are other survivors from the 19th century.

Granary, Bristol
The Granary, also known as Wait and James' Granary, is a building on Welsh Back in Bristol, England. Designed by Archibald Ponton and William Venn Gough and completed in 1869, it is considered the best-preserved and most exuberant example of the Bristol Byzantine architectural style. It is designated by Historic England as a Grade II* listed building and has been identified as a key landmark within the City and Queen Square Conservation Area.
Sam Katz (American politician)
Samuel Polen Katz (born December 28, 1949) is an American politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the Republican nominee for Mayor of Philadelphia in 1999 and 2003, nearly winning the election in the overwhelmingly Democratic city. His loss to the controversial John F. Street was covered in the documentary The Shame of a City.

John F. Street
John Franklin Street (born October 15, 1943) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 97th Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. He was first elected to a term beginning on January 3, 2000, and was re-elected to a second term beginning in 2004. He is a Democrat and became mayor after having served 19 years in the Philadelphia City Council, including seven years as its president, before resigning as required under the Philadelphia City Charter in order to run for mayor. He followed Ed Rendell as mayor, assuming the post on January 3, 2000. Street was Philadelphia's second black mayor.

Street floated the possibility of being a candidate for statewide office in Pennsylvania. In light of corruption scandals, those prospects never materialized. Time Magazine listed him as one of the three worst big-city mayors in the United States in 2005.
Frederik Ludvig Bang
Frederik Ludvig Bang (5 January 1747 – 26 December 1820) was a Danish medical doctor. He succeeded Johan Christian Fabricius as chief physician at Frederick's Royal Hospital in 1775. He was the father of medical doctor Ole Bang, stepfather of bishop Jacob Peter Mynster and uncle of  N.F.S. Grundtvig and Henrik Steffens.

Jacob Peter Mynster
Jacob Peter Mynster (8 November 1775 – 30 January 1854) was a Danish theologian and clergy member of the Church of Denmark. He served as Bishop of the Diocese of Zealand from 1834 until his death.

Mynster was notably used as an exemplar of conservative religion by Søren Kierkegaard in his book Attack Upon Christendom.
D123 road
D123 is a state road on island of Mljet in Croatia connecting the main state road on the island (D120) to Sobra ferry port, from where Jadrolinija ferries fly to the mainland, docking in Prapratno and the D416 state road. The road is 1.1 km (0.68 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

D416 road
D416 branches off to the south from the D414 near Ston towards Prapratno ferry port - providing ferry access to Sobra on island of Mljet and the D123 state road. The road is 0.9 km (0.56 mi) long.

Like all other state roads in Croatia, the D416 is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.
Chaos on Deponia
Chaos on Deponia (German: Chaos auf Deponia) is a graphic adventure video game developed and published by Daedalic Entertainment. A sequel to Deponia, it continues the story of the main character Rufus as he attempts to escape from his home planet Deponia.

Deponia (video game)
Deponia is a graphic adventure video game developed and published by Daedalic Entertainment. The game's story sees players taking on the role of Rufus, an inhabitant of the junk planet Deponia, as he attempts to seek a new life on the floating city known as Elysium. However, he soon becomes embroiled with the task of helping an Elysian return to their home and uncovers a plot that threatens his home planet.
Vitebsk–Orsha offensive
The Vitebsk–Orsha offensive (Russian: Витебско-Оршанская наступательная операция) was part of the Belorussian strategic offensive of the Red Army in summer 1944, commonly known as Operation Bagration. During the offensive, Soviet troops captured Vitebsk and Orsha. A Soviet breakthrough during the offensive helped achieve the encirclement of German troops in the subsequent Minsk offensive.

Minsk offensive
The Minsk offensive (Russian: Минская наступательная операция) was part of the second phase of the Belorussian strategic offensive of the Red Army in summer 1944, commonly known as Operation Bagration.

The Red Army encircled the German Fourth Army in the city of Minsk. German dictator Adolf Hitler ordered the Fourth Army to hold fast, declaring the city to be a fortified place (fester Platz) to be defended even if encircled.

The Soviet 5th Guards Tank Army attacked from the north-east, while the 2nd Guards Tank Corps moved in from the east, and the 65th Army advanced from the south. About 100,000 Axis soldiers from the Fourth and Ninth Armies were encircled, of whom some 40,000 were killed and most of the rest captured. The result was a complete victory for the Red Army, the liberation of Minsk, and the rapid destruction of much of the German Army Group Centre.
Nikon 1 J1
The Nikon 1 J1 was a Nikon 1 series high-speed mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera with 1" sensor size launched by Nikon on September 21, 2011. It focused on high-performance, portability and versatility. Nikon listed the estimated selling price of the Nikon 1 J1 One-Lens Kit in the United States at $649.95. Released on October 20, 2011, this kit came with the 1 NIKKOR VR 10-30mm f/3.5-5.6 lens.

This camera integrates many new technologies and is designed for ease of use, sporting only four shooting modes: Still Images, Moving Images, Motion Snapshot and Smart Photo Selector and only two buttons for Power, Shutter and Record.: 22  Nikon 1 J1 has an all-new Nikon 1 lens mount, which has made lens changes simpler and quicker.

The successor is the Nikon 1 J2.

Nikon 1 series
The Nikon 1 series is a line of mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras from Nikon, originally announced on 21 September 2011. The cameras utilized Nikon 1-mount lenses, and featured 1" CX format sensors. The FT-1 adapter was available, which allowed Nikon 1 users to mount nearly all Nikon F-mount lenses, with significant limitations on non-autofocus lenses and autofocus lenses without an internal focusing motor.

Nikon discontinued the Nikon 1 series in July 2018 and launched the mirrorless -series cameras later that year, using full-frame sensors and a new Nikon Z-mount line of lenses. The Nikon Z7 and Nikon Z6 were the first two models. As of 2024, the Nikon Z-series also has largely replaced Nikon's D-series DSLRs with APS-C and full-frame sensors.
Ken Read
Kenneth John Read CM (born November 6, 1955) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Canada. He was a specialist in the downhill and a two-time Olympian. He won five World Cup races during his ten-year international career, all in downhill.

Read grew up in Vancouver, Kingston, and Calgary, and currently resides in Canmore. He is the father of World Cup alpine racers Erik and Jeffrey Read and well known freeski athlete Kevyn Read.

Erik Read
Erik Read (born May 31, 1991) is a Canadian World Cup alpine ski racer specializing the technical events of slalom and giant slalom. Born and raised in Calgary, Alberta, he represented Canada at two Winter Olympics and five World Championships.
Vijay Bahuguna
Vijay Bahuguna (born 28 February 1947) is an Indian politician who served as the 6th Chief Minister of Uttarakhand. He is the eldest son of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, an independence activist and politician, and also a former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Vijay Bahuguna was a member of the 14th and 15th Lok Sabhas of India. He represented the Tehri Garhwal constituency of Uttarakhand and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Bahuguna was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand on 13 March 2012. Bahuguna resigned from his CM post on 31 January 2014.

His youngest son Saurabh Bahuguna has taken forward his legacy and has won from Sitarganj ( Udham Singh Nagar), Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. Saurabh Bahuguna from BJP won with 50597 votes.

Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna (25 April 1919 – 17 March 1989) was an Indian National Congress leader and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh; he later joined Bharatiya Lok Dal and worked with Charan Singh.
Bailey-Bunn House
The  Bailey-Bunn House is a historic Georgian Revival house in the Blount Street Historic District of downtown Raleigh, North Carolina. It serves as the state headquarters for the North Carolina Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The house is located between the Lieutenant Governor's Mansion and the Governor's Mansion.

Hawkins-Hartness House
Hawkins-Hartness House, also known as the Lieutenant Governor's Mansion, is a historic Eastlake style house in Raleigh, North Carolina. Built circa 1880, the former private residence has served as the office of the Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina since 1988. It is located within the Blount Street Historic District.
Bletchley Flyover
The Bletchley Flyover is a railway viaduct that crosses the West Coast Main Line (WCML) just south of Bletchley railway station in Milton Keynes, England. It was originally a reinforced concrete railway viaduct that carried the former Varsity line between Oxford and Cambridge from 1959 until its closure in 1968. The flyover was retained, but largely unused until 2021, when the East West Rail Alliance partially demolished then rebuilt the structure. It reopened for engineering use in early 2022.

Bletchley railway station
Bletchley railway station serves the southern parts of Milton Keynes, England (especially Bletchley itself), and the north-eastern parts of Aylesbury Vale. It is 47 miles (76 km) northwest of Euston, about 32 miles (51 km) east of  Oxford and 17 miles (27 km) west of  Bedford, and is one of the seven railway stations serving the Milton Keynes urban area.

It includes junctions of the West Coast Main Line with the Bletchley–Bedford Marston Vale line and the upcoming East West Rail link from Oxford. It is the nearest main line station for Bletchley Park (the World War II codebreaking centre and modern heritage attraction) and Stadium MK (the home of Milton Keynes Dons F.C).
Irma (supermarket)
Irma was a high-end chain of supermarkets in Copenhagen and other parts of eastern Denmark. Its first store was established in 1886 by Karen Marie Schepler. On 31 January 2023 Irma's owners, Coop Danmark, announced that all Irma supermarkets would be rebranded or closed within the course of the year.

Coop amba
Coop amba, formerly FDB, is a cooperative based in Denmark. The coop has 2 million members and three subsidiaries. The Coop Danmark subsidiary operates the retail store chains of Kvickly, Brugsen, SuperBrugsen, Dagli'Brugsen and 365discount as well as the furniture company FDB Møbler. They previously ran the now discontinued chains Irma, Fakta & LokalBrugsen. The last two subsidiaries comprise Coop Bank and Coop Invest.