hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Beth Zechariah
The Battle of Beth Zechariah took place around May 162 BC during the Maccabean revolt fought between Jewish rebels under the leadership of Judas Maccabeus (Judah Maccabee) against an army of the Seleucid Empire, the Greek successor state (diadochi) to the Macedonian conquests that controlled Syria and Babylonia.  The battle was fought at Beth Zechariah (modern Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah) and was a Seleucid victory, with the rebels driven from the field in retreat.  Judas's brother Eleazar Avaran died in combat with a war elephant.  The defeat allowed the Seleucids to continue their campaign and besiege the Jewish holy city of Jerusalem.

Judas Maccabeus
Judas Maccabaeus or Maccabeus (/ˌmækəˈbiːəs/ MAK-ə-BEE-əs), also known as Judah Maccabee (Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, romanized: Yehudah HaMakabi), was a Jewish priest (kohen) and a son of the priest Mattathias. He was an early leader in the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire, taking over from his father around 166 BCE, and leading the revolt until his death in 160 BCE.

The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah ("Dedication") commemorates the restoration of Jewish worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 164 BC after Judah Maccabee removed all of the statues depicting Greek gods and goddesses and purified it.
Galaxy AI
Galaxy AI is a collection of artificial intelligence (AI) features developed by Samsung Electronics for use in Galaxy-branded mobile devices. First released with the Samsung Galaxy S24 series in January 2024, the system integrates both on-device and cloud-based processing to support features such as language translation, image editing, and content search. These tools operate within various Samsung applications and are intended to assist with everyday tasks.

According to Samsung: "In essence, Bixby is like a personal assistant ready to respond to your verbal commands, while Galaxy AI is like a smart companion that's always working to make your device smarter and your life easier."

Bixby (software)
Bixby (/ˈbɪksbi/ ⓘ) is a virtual assistant developed by Samsung Electronics that runs on various Samsung-branded appliances, primarily mobile devices but also some refrigerators televisions and PCs. It uses voice commands and a natural-language user interface to answer questions and perform tasks, while adapting to the users' preferences and behavior.

Samsung first launched Bixby in 2017. Along with Bixby voice assistant, its other main component currently is Bixby Vision, a contextual and visual search augmented reality camera app. Formerly, the Bixby suite consisted of a number of other tools, but these have since been renamed, such as Bixby Routines (now Modes and Routines).
Zeta Aquarii
Zeta Aquarii is a triple star system, the central star of the "water jar" asterism in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. Its identifier is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ζ Aquarii, and abbreviated Zet Aqr or ζ Aqr, respectively. The combined apparent visual magnitude of this system is 3.65, which is readily visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements yield a distance estimate of around 95 light-years (29 parsecs) from Earth.

Pi Aquarii
Pi Aquarii is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from π Aquarii, and abbreviated Pi Aqr or π Aqr. This system has a combined apparent visual magnitude of +4.57, which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 1,100 light-years (340 parsecs) from the Sun. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4 km/s.
Public Health Unit
In Ontario, a Public Health Unit (PHU; French: Bureaux de santé) is a government organization under the supervision of a local board of health. A PHU is under the direction of a Medical Officer of Health (MOH), who is appointed by the supervising board of health. The principle legislation governing PHUs is the Health Protection and Promotion Act.

A Public Health Unit administers health programming such as communicable disease control, food premise inspection, and health education. Funding is provided by both the province and the municipality.

Toronto Public Health
Toronto Public Health (TPH) is the public health unit in Toronto, Ontario. It is responsible for delivering public health programs and services, enforcing public health regulations and advising Toronto City Council on health issues. The current unit was formed in 1998, when the former Metropolitan Toronto and its constituent municipalities of Toronto, York, North York, Scarborough, Etobicoke, and East York amalgamated into the current city of Toronto.
ISU Challenger Series
The ISU Challenger Series is a series of ten international figure skating competitions sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and organized by ISU member nations. The series was introduced in 2014; its stated goal is to provide consistent organization and structure within a series of international competitions, as well as opportunities for senior-level skaters to compete at the international level while also earning World Standing points. The Nebelhorn Trophy, the Nepela Memorial, and the Golden Spin of Zagreb have been regular competitions in the series since the beginning, as was the Finlandia Trophy until 2024. Skaters and teams are eligible to compete in up to three Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores.

International figure skating
Figure skating is a sport with participants across the world. Originally based in North America and Europe, the sport has experienced a major expansion in the countries of East Asia. The international governing body of the sport is the International Skating Union (ISU). Only those nations which are members of the International Skating Union are allowed to compete in the figure skating events in the Olympic Games.
ELSV formula
In mathematics, the ELSV formula, named after its four authors Torsten Ekedahl, Sergei Lando, Michael Shapiro, Alek Vainshtein, is an equality between a Hurwitz number (counting ramified coverings of the sphere) and an integral over the moduli space of stable curves.

Several fundamental results in the intersection theory of moduli spaces of curves can be deduced from the ELSV formula, including the Witten conjecture, the Virasoro constraints, and the -conjecture.

It is generalized by the Gopakumar–Mariño–Vafa formula.

Hodge bundle
In mathematics, the Hodge bundle, named after W. V. D. Hodge, appears in the study of families of curves, where it provides an invariant in the moduli theory of algebraic curves. Furthermore, it has applications to the theory of modular forms on reductive algebraic groups and string theory.
Carlos Taberner
Carlos Taberner Segarra (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾlos taβeɾˈneɾ]; born 8 August 1997) is a Spanish professional tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 83, achieved on 4 August 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 337, achieved on 18 September 2017.

He has reached 23 career ITF singles finals, with a record of 12 wins and 11 losses, including nine Challengers titles, all on clay courts (Iași, Antalya, Aix-en-Provence, Lošinj, Roseto, Augsburg, Todi,  Murcia, Sassuolo). Additionally, he has reached seven career ITF doubles finals with a record of 4 wins and 3 losses including a Challenger doubles title in San Benedetto.

2024 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Todi
The 2024 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Todi was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Todi, Italy between 12 and 17 August 2024.
Tretower Court
Tretower Court (Welsh: Llys Tre-tŵr) is a medieval fortified manor house in Wales, situated in the village of Tretower, near Crickhowell in modern-day Powys, previously within the historical county of Breconshire or Brecknockshire.

Brecknockshire
Brecknockshire (Welsh: Brycheiniog or Sir Frycheiniog), also known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was created in 1536 under the Laws in Wales Act 1535, and from 1889 it was an administrative county with a county council; the administrative county was abolished in 1974. The county was named after the medieval Welsh territory of Brycheiniog, which was anglicised to Brecknock and also gave its name to the county town of Brecon. The former county's area is mountainous and primarily rural.
Pivabiska River
The Pivabiska River is a river in Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin and is a left tributary of Missinaibi River.

The river begins at Lac Pivabiska in geographic Casgrain Township and heads north. It turns northeast, then east, enters geographic Garden Township and immediately thereafter reaches its mouth at the Missinaibi River. The Missinaibi River flows via the Moose River to James Bay.

Missinaibi River
The Missinaibi River is a river in northern Ontario, Canada, which flows northeast from Missinaibi Lake, north of Chapleau, and empties into the Moose River, which drains into James Bay. This river (including Missinaibi Lake and Moose River to James Bay) is 755 kilometres (469 mi) in length. It is one of the longest free-flowing and undeveloped rivers in Ontario.

The river's name (masinâpôy sîpiy, ᒪᓯᓈᐴᔾ ᓰᐱᔾ) means "pictured waters" in the Cree language which is thought to refer to the pictographs found on rock faces along the river.

At Thunderhouse Falls, which is actually a chain of relatively small waterfalls connected by violent rapids, the river drops 40 metres, part of its descent from the Canadian Shield to the Hudson Bay Lowlands.
Harry Norris
Harry Albert Norris (12 June 1888 – 15 December 1966) was an Australian architect based in Melbourne, Victoria. He was especially known for his 1930s Art Deco and Streamline Moderne commercial work in the Melbourne central business district, and was one of the most prolific and successful interwar architects in the city.

Streamline Moderne
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity.

In France, it was called the style paquebot, or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS Normandie, launched in 1932.
Skansen Lejonet
Skansen Lejonet ("the Lion Sconce"), formally Westgötha Leijon ("the Westrogothic Lion"), is a redoubt on the hill Gullberg in Gothenburg, Sweden, built in 1687–92 on the site of an earlier medieval castle. It was decommissioned in 1822 and has since served a range of other purposes.

The fortress and its twin, Skansen Kronan, were built to protect the city of Gothenburg against possible Danish attack, and thus had a similar purpose to the sea fort of New Älvsborg, which was built around the same time.

Fortifications of Gothenburg
Fortifications of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs befästningar) were initially embankments along the newly dug city moat (Vallgraven) in 
Gothenburg, Sweden. They were built to defend Gothenburg which was Sweden's  only direct access to the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean.
Stara Zagora massacre
The Stara Zagora massacre (Bulgarian: Старозагорско клане) was the mass murder of approx. 14,000 civilian Bulgarians, accompanied by the burning and complete destruction of the City of Stara Zagora on 31 July–2 August [O.S. 19–21 July] 1877, committed by regular Ottoman troops commanded by Süleyman Hüsnü Pasha, during the Battle of Eski Zagra of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

The Terror (Karlovo massacre)
The Terror (Bulgarian: Страшното) is the name given to the five-month reign of terror that the Bulgarian population of the town of Karlovo suffered at the hands of the Ottoman authorities from 22 July 1877 to 28 December 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).

The name refers both to the massacre of 288 Bulgarian civilians by regular Ottoman army and Circassian paramilitaries (bashi-bazouk) on 30 July–3 August [O.S. 18–22 July] 1877 and to the capture and imprisonment of more than 500 town notables in the subsequent months, many of whom were hanged or exiled to Asia Minor.
William Grandstaff
William Grandstaff (~1830s or 1840s - 1901) was an American cowboy and frontiersman who lived in Ohio before settling in Utah Territory and Colorado. Born into slavery, verified information about Grandstaff's life is sporadic, but he's believed to have served in the Black Brigade of Cincinnati during the Civil War; to have been one of the two first successful non-indigenous settlers of Moab, Utah; and to have been well-respected in his community when he died near Glenwood Springs in 1901. He is the namesake of Moab's Grandstaff Canyon, and in recent years has received renewed attention from historians and artists.

Moab, Utah
Moab (/ˈmoʊ.æb/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Grand County in eastern Utah in the western United States, known for its dramatic scenery. The population was 5,366 at the 2020 census. Moab attracts many tourists annually, mostly visitors to the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the extensive network of trails including the Slickrock Trail, and for off-roaders who come for the annual Moab Jeep Safari.

Moab is home to one of the nine regional campuses of Utah State University.
Ann Mikolowski
Ann Margaret (Stroman) Mikolowski (May 16, 1940 – August 6, 1999) was a twentieth-century American contemporary artist. She was a painter of portrait miniatures and waterscapes, as well as a printmaker and illustrator of printed matter (small press, commercial). Mikolowski was part of Detroit's Cass Corridor artist movement and co-founder of The Alternative Press.

Cass Corridor
The Cass Corridor is a neighborhood on the west end of Midtown Detroit. It includes the Cass Park Historic District, the Cass-Davenport Historic District and Old Chinatown. This neighborhood began in the 1800s as a wealthy residential neighborhood, declined during the 20th century, and in recent years has been undergoing gentrification.

The corridor's main street, Cass Avenue, runs parallel with M-1 (Woodward Avenue), a main Detroit artery running north toward New Center. Though Cass runs from Congress Street, ending a few miles farther north at West Grand Boulevard, the Cass Corridor generally is defined as between Interstate 75 (I-75) at its southern end and Interstate 94 (I-94) to the north, and stretches from Woodward to the east and to the west: John C. Lodge (M-10 service drive) north of Temple, and Grand River Avenue south of Temple.
Devardhigani Kshamashraman
Devardhi or Vachanacharya Devardhigani Kshamashramana or Devavachaka was a Jain ascetic of the Śvetāmbara sect and an author of several Prakrit texts.

He was a prominent figure in Jainism in the 5th century AD. Mainly known for his contributions to the compilation and preservation of the canonical Jain scriptures, he is one of the most revered ascetics of the Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism. It was under his guidance that the second council of Vallabhi was held to preserve the remaining canonical texts of Jainism. Apart from the compilation of the canonical texts, he has been revered for his spiritual teachings as well.

Jain literature
Jain literature (Sanskrit: जैन साहित्य) refers to the literature of the Jain religion. It is a vast and ancient literary tradition, which was initially transmitted orally. The oldest surviving material is contained in the canonical Jain Agamas, which are written in Ardhamagadhi, a Prakrit (Middle-Indo Aryan) language. Various commentaries were written on these canonical texts by later Jain monks. Later works were also written in other languages, like Sanskrit and Maharashtri Prakrit.

Jain literature is primarily divided between the canons of the Digambara and Śvētāmbara orders. These two main sects of Jainism do not always agree on which texts should be considered authoritative.

More recent Jain literature has also been written in other languages, like Marathi, Tamil, Rajasthani, Dhundari, Marwari, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam and more recently in English.
Mihama Nuclear Power Plant
The Mihama Nuclear Power Plant (美浜発電所, Mihama hatsudensho; Mihama NPP) is operated by The Kansai Electric Power Company, Inc. and is in the town of Mihama, Fukui Prefecture, about 320 km west of Tokyo. It is on a site that is 520,000 m2 of which 60% is green space. Mihama - 1 was commissioned in 1970.

Kansai Electric Power Company
The Kansai Electric Power Company, Incorporated (Japanese: 関西電力株式会社, Hepburn: Kansai Denryoku kabushiki gaisha; KEPCO), also known as Kanden (関電), is an electric utility with its operational area of Kansai region, Japan (including the Keihanshin megalopolis).

The Kansai region is Japan's second-largest industrial area, and in normal times, its most nuclear-reliant. Before the Fukushima nuclear disaster, a band of 11 nuclear reactors – north of the major cities Osaka and Kyoto – supplied almost 50 percent of the region's power. As of January 2012, only one of those reactors was still running. In March 2012, the last reactor was taken off the power grid.
Baryton trios (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn wrote 123 trios for the unusual combination of baryton, viola and cello. Three further trios for baryton, cello and violin (Hob. XI:89-91) are considered part of the series. As Sisman notes, they are the “most intensively cultivated genre” of Haydn’s early career.

Baryton
The baryton is a bowed string instrument similar to the viol, but distinguished by an extra set of sympathetic but also pluckable strings.  It was in regular use in Europe until the end of the 18th century.
Princess Josephine of Baden
Princess Josephine Friederike Luise of Baden (21 October 1813 – 19 June 1900) was Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 27 August 1848 to 7 December 1849 during the brief reign of her husband, Prince Karl Anton. Josephine was the second daughter of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden, and Stéphanie de Beauharnais. She was the mother of the first king of Romania, Carol I. Through her younger daughter Marie, she is the ancestress of the Belgian royal family, the grand ducal family of Luxembourg as well as the last Queen of Italy and her descendants. Through her son, Leopold, she is also ancestress of the Romanian royal family and the Serbian and Yugoslav Royal House.

Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern
Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern (German: Leopold Stephan Karl Anton Gustav Eduard Tassilo Fürst von Hohenzollern; 22 September 1835 – 8 June 1905) was the head of the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern, and played a fleeting role in European power politics in connection with the Franco-Prussian War.

He was born into the dynasty's Sigmaringen branch, which inherited all the dynasty's Swabian lands when the Hohenzollern-Hechingen branch became extinct.

Leopold's parents were Josephine of Baden and Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern. Leopold was the older brother of King Carol I of Romania and father of the future King Ferdinand of Romania. Carol ascended to the Romanian throne in 1866, and Leopold renounced his rights to the Romanian succession in favor of his sons in 1880.
Minnesota State Highway 34
Minnesota State Highway 34 (MN 34) is a 103.163-mile-long (166.025 km) highway in west-central and north-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 9 (near Interstate 94/US Highway 52) in Barnesville and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with State Highways 200 and 371 in Walker.

The route is concurrent with U.S. Highway 59 for 16.6 miles (26.7 km) in Otter Tail and Becker counties near Detroit Lakes.

Becker County, Minnesota
Becker County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,183, and was estimated to be 35,444 in 2024, Its county seat is Detroit Lakes.

Part of the White Earth Indian Reservation extends into the county.
Eleanor Duckett
Eleanor Shipley Duckett (7 November 1880, Bridgwater, Somerset, England – 23 November 1976) was an English-born philologist and medieval historian who spent most of her career in the United States. For thirty years, she taught at Smith College (Northampton, Massachusetts). Duckett published a number of books with University of Michigan Press, mainly on European history, religious history, and saints, and was a reviewer for The New York Times Book Review. Initially, Duckett was known for writing accessible historical books on the Middle Ages; later, she acquired a reputation as an authority on early medieval saints. A devout Episcopalian, Duckett was the lifelong companion of novelist Mary Ellen Chase.

Mary Ellen Chase
Mary Ellen Chase (24 February 1887 – 28 July 1973) was an American educator, teacher, scholar, and author. She is regarded as one of the most important regional New England literary figures of the early twentieth century.
2024 Washington House of Representatives election
The 2024 Washington House of Representatives election was held on November 5, 2024, alongside the 2024 United States elections, to elect representatives from all 98 legislative districts to the Washington House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on August 6, 2024. Washington uses a jungle primary system and the candidates with the two highest vote counts proceed to the general election.

2024 Washington State Senate election
The 2024 Washington State Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024, with a nonpartisan blanket primary election held on August 6, 2024. Voters in 25 of the 49 state legislative districts elected Senators to the Washington State Senate. The elections will coincide with other elections for federal, state, and local offices.
New Brunswick Route 2
Route 2 is a major provincial highway in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, carrying the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway in the province. The highway connects with Autoroute 85 at the border with Quebec, Highway 104 at the border with Nova Scotia, as well as with traffic from Interstate 95 in the U.S. state of Maine via the short Route 95 connector. A core route in the National Highway System, Route 2 is a four-lane freeway in its entirety, and directly serves the cities of Edmundston, Fredericton, and Moncton.

A 20-year project to replace the original 1960s-era two-lane Trans-Canada Highway with a four-lane freeway was completed on November 1, 2007.  The final upgrade to Route 2 and Route 95 extended the continuous freeway network of North America east to New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Once Autoroute 85 in Quebec is completed, Route 2 will also connect with the freeway networks of Central Canada without passing through the United States.

New Brunswick Route 165
Route 165 is a 22 km (14 mi)-long north–south secondary highway in the western New Brunswick, Canada.

The route's northern terminus is in downtown Woodstock, New Brunswick at Route 103, where the road is known as Main Street. From there, it runs south along the western bank of the Saint John River to the small village of Lakeland Ridges. From there, the highway stops following the Saint John River and takes a slight southern turn which brings it to its terminus at an intersection with Route 2 (exit 212) and Route 122.