hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pokrovsk offensive
The Pokrovsk offensive was a military operation in the Russo-Ukrainian war by the Russian Armed Forces with the primary goal of capturing the strategic city of Pokrovsk  in western Donetsk Oblast. Fighting increased with the Russian advance into and subsequent capture of Prohres on 18 and 19 July 2024, a turning point for the Russian offensive northwest of Avdiivka following the latter's capture in February 2024, and had taken place in numerous settlements east and south of Pokrovsk in Pokrovsk Raion.

After a protracted military campaign, Russian forces were reported to have captured Pokrovsk in early 2026 after entering the city in November 2025.

Battle of Vuhledar
During the Russo-Ukrainian war, the first main Russian effort to capture Vuhledar, a city in Donetsk Oblast, took place in the early months of 2023, following an advance through the surrounding area the preceding year. Ukrainian commanders described these clashes as "the largest tank battle" of the war to date. This assault in and around the city failed, with large-scale Russian losses and the dismissal of commander Rustam Muradov, who led the attack. Similarly unsuccessful small-scale attempts at advancing near the city were launched throughout 2023 and the first half of 2024.

In late August 2024, a renewed large-scale effort to capture Vuhledar was launched. Aided by the support of simultaneous advances on the city's southern, western, and eastern flanks, Russian forces near-encircled Vuhledar by late September, while storming the city itself. On 1 October, Vuhledar was captured.
Arati Ankalikar Tikekar
Arati Ankalikar Tikekar (born 27 January 1963) is an Indian classical vocalist and playback singer, in Marathi, Konkani and Hindi film industry. She known for singing in Agra, Gwalior and Jaipur-Atrauli gharana style of Hindustani classical music. She has received National Film Awards twice for Best Female Playback Singer and has been awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2020.

She is known for her albums Tejomay Nadbrahm, Raag-Rang, and playback singing for the films like Antarnaad, De Dhakka, Savlee, Shyam Benegal's film, Sardari Begum (1996), Ek Hazarachi Note.

Her early musical education came from Vasantrao Kulkarni, of the Agra-Gwalior gharana. This was followed by training under noted vocalist, Kishori Amonkar of the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana. Thereafter that, she received further training from Pt. Dinkar Kaikini.

Jaipur-Atrauli gharana
The Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana (also known as Jaipur Gharana, Atrauli-Jaipur Gharana, and Alladiyakhani Gayaki) is a Hindustani music apprenticeship fraternity (gharana), founded by Alladiya Khan in the late-19th century. Evolved from the dhrupad tradition of the Atrauli and Dagarbani lineages, but known for khayal, this gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Laxmibai Jadhav, Mogubai Kurdikar, Mallikarjun Mansur, Shruti Sadolikar, Dhondutai Kulkarni, and Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande. Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctive vocal aesthetics, raga repertoire, and technical aptitude.
Tenampúa
Tenampúa is an archaeological site belonging to the Lenca culture dating from the Mesoamerican classical period, located in central Honduras in the Comayagua valley. It is known for having the interesting characteristic of having several mounds of between 6 and 15 meters and a fortress inside, in addition to being a place located in a mountainous area with difficult access. The area is also characterized by being full of pine trees and a cool climate hovering between 15 and 21 degrees Celsius in temperature and strong gusts of wind.

Lenca
The Lenca are an Indigenous people from present day southwest Honduras and eastern El Salvador in Central America. They historically spoke various dialects of the Lencan languages such as Chilanga, Putun (Potón), and Kotik, but today are mostly native speakers of Spanish. In Honduras, the Lenca are the largest tribal group, with an estimated population of more than 450,000.
Kappa organism
In biology, Kappa organism or Kappa particle refers to inheritable cytoplasmic symbionts, occurring in some strains of the ciliate Paramecium. Paramecium strains possessing the particles are known as "killer paramecia". They liberate a substance also known as paramecin into the culture medium that is lethal to Paramecium that do not contain kappa particles. Kappa particles are found in genotypes of Paramecium aurelia syngen 2 that carry the dominant gene K.

Kappa particles are Feulgen-positive and stain with Giemsa after acid hydrolysis. The length of the particles is 0.2–0.5μ.

While there was initial confusion over the status of kappa particles as viruses, bacteria, organelles, or mere nucleoprotein, the particles are intracellular bacterial symbionts called Caedibacter taeniospiralis. Caedibacter taeniospiralis contains cytoplasmic protein inclusions called R bodies which act as a toxin delivery system.

R bodies
R bodies (from refractile bodies, also R-bodies) are polymeric protein inclusions formed inside the cytoplasm of bacteria. Initially discovered in kappa particles, bacterial endosymbionts of the ciliate Paramecium, R bodies (and genes encoding them) have since been discovered in a variety of taxa.
Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.

Solid geometry
Solid geometry or stereometry is the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean space (3D space).
A solid figure is the region of 3D space bounded by a two-dimensional closed surface; for example, a solid ball consists of a sphere and its interior.

Solid geometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solids, including pyramids, prisms, cubes (and other polyhedrons), cylinders, cones (including truncated) and other solids of revolution.
Shigesaburō Miyazaki
Shigesaburō Miyazaki was a Japanese major general of the Imperial Japanese Army who was notable for commanding the Japanese 31st Division in the Burma Campaign of 1944. His eldest son was Shigeki Miyazaki who was the former president of Meiji University.

31st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 31st Division (第31師団, Dai-sanjūichi Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Furious Division (烈兵団, Retsu Heidan). The 31st Division was raised during World War II in Bangkok, Thailand, on March 22, 1943, out of Kawaguchi Detachment and parts of the 13th, 40th and 116th divisions. The 31st division was initially assigned to 15th army (the part of the Japanese Burma Area Army).
Katie Hobbs
Kathleen Marie Hobbs (born December 28, 1969) is an American politician serving since 2023 as the 24th governor of Arizona. A member of the Democratic Party, she served from 2019 to 2023 as Arizona's Secretary of State and from 2011 to 2019 as a member of the Arizona Legislature.

Born and raised in Arizona, Hobbs holds degrees in social work from Northern Arizona University and Arizona State University. Hobbs was elected to the Arizona House of Representatives in 2010 and to the Arizona Senate in 2012. She served as Senate minority leader from 2015 to 2019 and was elected secretary of state of Arizona in 2018.

Hobbs won the 2022 Arizona gubernatorial election, narrowly defeating Republican nominee Kari Lake.

2018 Arizona Secretary of State election
The 2018 Arizona Secretary of State election took place in the U.S. state of Arizona on November 6, 2018, to elect the Secretary of State of Arizona, concurrently with the election of Arizona's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

Incumbent Michele Reagan was first elected in 2014 and ran for re-election. She was defeated in the Republican primary by Steve Gaynor. State senator Katie Hobbs defeated Gaynor in the general election by a small margin, becoming the first Democratic Secretary of State since Richard Mahoney was elected in 1990.

The race was rated "Likely Republican" by Governing.com, but this did not come to fruition as Katie Hobbs pulled off an upset win which, alongside Democrats' victory in the concurrent Senate election, established Arizona's role as a key battleground state.
André Campra
André Campra (French: [kɑ̃pʁa]; baptized 4 December 1660 – 29 June 1744) was a French composer and conductor of the Baroque era. The leading French opera composer in the period between Jean-Baptiste Lully and Jean-Philippe Rameau, Campra wrote several tragédies en musique and opéra-ballets that were extremely well received. He also wrote three books of cantatas as well as religious music, including a requiem.

Opéra-ballet
Opéra-ballet (French: [ɔ.pe.ʁa.ba.lɛ]; plural: opéras-ballets) is a genre of French Baroque lyric theatre that was most popular during the 18th century, combining elements of opera and ballet, "that grew out of the ballets à entrées of the early seventeenth century". It differed from the more elevated tragédie en musique as practised by Jean-Baptiste Lully in several ways. It contained more dance music than the tragédie, and the plots were not necessarily derived from classical mythology and allowed for the comic elements, which Lully had excluded from the tragédie en musique after Thésée (1675). The opéra-ballet consisted of a prologue followed by a number of self-contained acts (also known as entrées), often loosely grouped around a single theme. The individual acts could also be performed independently, in which case they were known as actes de ballet.
NOS (political party)
The NOS (US) is an Argentine right-wing political coalition registered on 12 June 2019, to compete in the 2019 presidential election. In the 2021 primary elections, it presented candidates in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Corrientes, Santa Cruz, Chaco, Entre Ríos, Mendoza, San Luis and in CABA.

However, the political proposal of NOS has been developing since the end of 2018 and became official when in 2019, the then vice president of the Banco de la Nación Argentina, Major (R) Juan José Gómez Centurión decided to resign from that position and completely separate himself from the government of Mauricio Macri.

It is a right-wing space that was born from the social mobilization in 2018 against abortion and in defense of the traditional family. criticized the economic performance, taxes and indebtedness, gender identity, the crime rate, corruption and unemployment during the Macrism and Kirchnerism governments alike.

Juan José Gómez Centurión
Juan José Gómez Centurión (born 26 May 1958) is an Argentine soldier and politician.

He is a retired officer of the Argentine Army, a veteran of the Falklands War, where he received the Cross to the Heroic Valour in Combat, the highest military distinction.
Middle cranial fossa
The middle cranial fossa is formed by the sphenoid bones, and the temporal bones. It lodges the temporal lobes, and the pituitary gland. It is deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest.

It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellae; laterally by the temporal squamae, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures.

Sphenoid bone
The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly, bat or wasp with its wings extended. The name presumably originates from this shape, since sphekodes (σφηκώδης) means 'wasp-like' in Ancient Greek.
Josh Keaton
Joshua Luis Wiener (born February 8, 1979), known professionally as Josh Keaton, is an American actor. He is known for his many voice roles, including Takashi "Shiro" Shirogane in Voltron: Legendary Defender, Spider-Man in various media in addition to Electro in the video game Marvel's Spider-Man, Jack Darby in Transformers: Prime and the adolescent Hercules in Hercules. He was also the voice of Ryu Hayabusa in the console versions of Ninja Gaiden, and the voice of Revolver Ocelot in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater. He is also the voice of King Anduin Wrynn in the MMORPG World of Warcraft and Tyler in Pokémon Concierge.

Revolver Ocelot
Revolver "Shalashaska" Ocelot (known in his youth as Major "ADAM" Ocelot) is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Konami's Metal Gear series, created by Hideo Kojima. Throughout the series, he takes on a variety of roles: the archenemy of Solid Snake, a friendly rival to Naked Snake, the right-hand man to Liquid Snake and Solidus Snake, and a close ally to Venom Snake.

Ocelot has been well-received by video game publications for his role as a central villain in the franchise, and has often been considered one of its most important characters for his connections with various characters.
Girl on the Run (1958 film)
Girl on the Run is a 1958 private detective film directed by Richard L. Bare and starring Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Erin O'Brien, Shepperd Strudwick, Edd Byrnes and Barton MacLane.

The film is based on characters and situations created by writer Roy Huggins in a series of 1940s novels and novellas. It aired on ABC as the pilot episode for 77 Sunset Strip after a brief theatrical release in the Caribbean.

Edd Byrnes
Edward Byrne Breitenberger (July 30, 1932 – January 8, 2020), known professionally as Edd Byrnes, was an American actor and singer best known for his starring role as Kookie in the television series 77 Sunset Strip (1958–1964). He also charted a  Billboard 100 recording, "Kookie, Kookie (Lend Me Your Comb)", with Connie Stevens (1958). He was featured in the 1978 film Grease as TV dance show host Vince Fontaine.
S.V. Jai Hanuman
Sporting Vereniging Jai Hanuman is a Surinamese football club based in Livorno. The club presently competes in the Eerste Klasse, the 2nd tier of Surinamese football. The club is a part of the Livorno Sportorganisatie (LSO), and the owner is V. Hardwarsing.

Named after the Hindu God Hanuman, Jai Hanuman earned promotion into the Hoofdklasse after winning the Surinamese Eerste Klasse in 2006. They finished in 5th place in the 2006–07 Hoofdklasse season, with Brazilian striker Alex Pereira Soares finishing as the league's top goal scorer with 28 goals scored.

SVB Tweede Divisie
The SVB Tweede Divisie is third-highest division overall in the Surinamese football league system after the SVB Eerste Divisie, where the top club is promoted to each season. The weakest club is relegated to the Derde Divisie. The league was previously known as the SVB Eerste Klasse but became the Eerste Divisie for the 2016–17 season after Suriname's top division changed its name from Hoofdklasse to Topklasse, only to be rebranded as the Tweede Divisie for the 2017–18 season.

The competition was founded in 1923.
Rudra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Rudra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was an erstwhile field-marshal and the Western Commander-in-Chief of Nepal. He was the third son of Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana and in line to be the Prime Minister of Nepal. He was exiled to the Palpa District, where he was made the district's Tainathwalla (chief administrative official). He held this position from 1934 till 1951 and was the last Tainathwalla ever appointed in the Palpa District. He rebuilt the Char Burja Durbar which Bir Shumsher JBR had given him after it was destroyed by fire in 1962 BS.

Bahadur Bhawan
Bahadur Bhawan (initially known as Char Burja Durbar) is a Rana palace in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The palace was built by Bir Shumsher JBR and rebuilt by Rudra Shumsher JBR after its destruction by fire in BS 1962.
3MV
The 3MV planetary probe (short for 3rd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus. It was an incremental improvement of earlier 2MV probes and was used for Zond 1, Zond 2 and Zond 3 missions to Mars as well as several Venera probes. It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible. All probes shared the same typical characteristics and differed usually in equipment necessary for specific missions. Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions.

Zond 2
Zond 2 was a Soviet space probe, a member of the Zond program, and was the sixth Soviet spacecraft to attempt a flyby of Mars. (See Exploration of Mars) It was launched on November 30, 1964 at 13:12 UTC onboard Molniya 8K78 launch vehicle from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, USSR. The spacecraft was intended to survey Mars but lost communication before arrival.
Rose Hill School, Alderley
Rose Hill School was a co-educational, boarding and day, Pre-preparatory and Preparatory School for children aged 2–14 years old. It was situated in Cotswold countryside in the village of Alderley, near to Wotton-under-Edge in Gloucestershire, England. The school closed on 2 September 2009 to merge with Querns Westonbirt School, together forming Rose Hill Westonbirt School which is co-located with Westonbirt School in nearby Tetbury.

Westonbirt School
Westonbirt School is a co-educational private day and boarding school for pupils aged 11 to 18 near Tetbury in Gloucestershire in South West England. It was set up in 1928 as a girls' school. The historical Westonbirt House is part of the school. Westonbirt Prep School is also on the site.
Robert Shaw (Illinois politician)
Robert Shaw (July 31, 1937 – July 22, 2021) was an American politician. He served as a City of Chicago Alderman in the 9th ward for four terms, first in 1979 through 1983 and again from 1987 until 1998. Shaw also served as commissioner on the Cook County Board of Review from 1998 until 2004.

For more than a quarter century, Shaw and his identical twin brother William were dominant political "kingmakers" of Chicago's far South Side and southern suburbs. However, their influence dissipated greatly in the late 1990s and the early 2000s, with Jesse Jackson Jr. largely beating them out to become the new kingmaker in what had been their territory. Both Shaw and his twin brother  were controversial figures. After losing reelection to the Cook County Board of Review in 2004, Shaw became a perennial candidate.

Cook County Board of Review
The Cook County Board of Review is an independent office created by statute by the Illinois General Assembly and is governed by three commissioners who are elected by district for two- or four-year terms. Cook County, which includes Chicago, is the United States' second-most populous county (after Los Angeles County, California) with a population of 5.2 million residents. The Cook County Board of Review holds quasi-judicial powers to adjudicate taxpayer complaints or recommend exempt status of real property.
Manmath Nath Gupta
Manmath Nath Gupta (7 February 1908 – 26 October 2000) was an Indian Marxist revolutionary writer and author of autobiographical, historical and fictional books in Hindi, English and Bengali. He joined the Indian independence movement at the age of 13 and was an active member of the Hindustan Republican Association. He participated in the famous Kakori train robbery in 1925 and was imprisoned for 14 years. On release from jail in 1937, he started writing against the British government. He was sentenced again in 1939 and was released in 1946 just a year before India's independence in 1947. He has written several books on the history of the Indian struggle for independence from a revolutionary's point of view, including They Lived Dangerously – Reminiscences of a Revolutionary. He was also the editor of the Hindi literary magazine Aajkal.

Ram Prasad Bismil
Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciationⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, participating in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. He composed in Urdu and Hindi under pen names Ram, Agyat अज्ञात (anonymous) and Bismil (wounded), becoming widely known under the latter. "Bismil" was not his real surname; it was his pen name. Pandit was an honorific title conferred to him due to his specialised knowledge on several subjects. He was also a translator.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Association.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his revolutionary activities.
Baščaršija
Baščaršija (Cyrillic: Башчаршија; pronounced [baʃ.tʃǎr.ʃi.ja]) is Sarajevo's old bazaar and the historical and cultural center of the city. It is also a local community within the Stari Grad municipality. Baščaršija was built in the 15th century when Isa-beg Ishaković founded the city.

Baščaršija is located on the north bank of the river Miljacka, in the municipality of Stari Grad. On Baščaršija there are several important historic buildings, such as the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque and sahat-kula. Today Baščaršija is the major tourist attraction of Sarajevo.

Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque
The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque (Bosnian: Gazi Husrev-begova džamija; Turkish: Gazi Hüsrev Bey Camii) is a Sunni mosque in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Built in the 16th century, it is the largest historical mosque in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most representative Ottoman structures in the Balkans.

Having been Sarajevo's central mosque since the days of its construction, it also serves as the main congregational mosque of the Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Baščaršija neighborhood in the Stari Grad municipality and, being one of the main architectural monuments in the town, is regularly visited by tourists.

The mosque was named in honour of Gazi Husrev-beg, who founded the mosque and is interned in the adjacent mausoleum.
Oebalus pugnax
Oebalus pugnax, the rice stink bug, is a flying insect in the shield bug family Pentatomidae native to North America that has become a major agricultural pest in the Southern United States. It has been a known pest since at least the time of Johan Christian Fabricius, who described the species in 1775.

Pentatomidae
Pentatomidae is a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, generally called shield bugs or stink bugs. Pentatomidae is the largest family in the superfamily Pentatomoidea, and contains around 900 genera and over 4700 species. As hemipterans, the pentatomids have piercing sucking mouthparts, and most are phytophagous, including several species which are severe pests on agricultural crops. However, some species, particularly in the subfamily Asopinae, are predatory and may be considered beneficial.