hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oxleas Wood
Oxleas Wood is one of the few remaining areas of ancient deciduous forest in Eltham in the Royal Borough of Greenwich (with a small amount passing over the boundary into the London Borough of Bexley), in southeast London. Some parts date back over 8,000 years to the end of the last ice age, the Younger Dryas. It is part of a larger continuous area of woodland and parkland on the south side of Shooter's Hill: other parts are Jack Wood, Castle Wood (home to Severndroog Castle), Oxleas Meadows, Falconwood Field, Eltham Common and Eltham Park North (the latter being divided by the A2 main road from its southern section). Eltham Park North includes the ancient Shepherdleas Wood.

Shooter's Hill
Shooter's Hill is a district of South East London, England, straddling the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Bexley. It lies north of Eltham and south of Woolwich. With a height of 132 metres (433 ft), it is the highest point in the Borough of Greenwich and one of the highest points in London. Shooter's Hill also gives its name to the road which passes through east to west, part of the A207 road, the A2 road and Watling Street.
Washington University School of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine (WashU Medicine) is the medical school of Washington University in St. Louis, located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1891, the School of Medicine shares a campus with Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children's Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center.

The clinical service is provided by Washington University Physicians, a comprehensive medical and surgical practice providing treatment in more than 75 medical specialties. Washington University Physicians are the medical staff of the school's two teaching hospitals – Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital. They also provide inpatient and outpatient care at the St. Louis Veteran's Administration Hospital, hospitals of the BJC HealthCare system, and 35 other office locations throughout the greater St. Louis region.

BJC HealthCare
BJC HealthCare is a non-profit health care organization based in St. Louis, Missouri. BJC includes two nationally recognized academic hospitals – Barnes–Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital, which are both affiliated with the Washington University School of Medicine.

On January 1, 2024, it completed the merger of its operations with those of Saint Luke's Health System, forming BJC Health System.
Willard R. Espy
Willard Richardson Espy (December 11, 1910 – February 20, 1999) was an American editor, philologist, writer, poet, and local historian. Raised in the seaside village of Oysterville, Washington, Espy later studied at the University of Redlands in California before becoming an editor in New York City, as well as a contributor to Reader's Digest, The New Yorker, Punch, and other publications.

In the 1960s, he began publishing books on philology as well collections of poetry collections, and became the best-known collector of and commentator on word play of his time. In 1977, he published the national bestseller Oysterville: Roads to Grandpa's Village, a semi-autobiographical novel about his familial heritage in the Oysterville community. Espy died at New York Hospital in Manhattan in 1999, and was interred at Oysterville Cemetery.

Oysterville, Washington
Oysterville is an unincorporated community located along Willapa Bay on the Long Beach Peninsula in Pacific County, Washington, United States. It is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) from the city of Ocean Park, and 15 miles (24 km) from Long Beach. Founded in 1841 as an oyster fishing village, the community is registered on the National Register of Historic Places as the Oysterville Historic District. It currently has a population of about 20 residents.
Stable normal bundle
In surgery theory, a branch of mathematics, the stable normal bundle of a differentiable manifold is an invariant which encodes the stable normal (dually, tangential) data. There are analogs for generalizations of manifold, notably PL-manifolds and topological manifolds. There is also an analogue in homotopy theory for Poincaré spaces, the Spivak spherical fibration, named after Michael Spivak.

Poincaré space
In algebraic topology, a Poincaré space is an n-dimensional topological space with a distinguished element μ of its nth homology group such that taking the cap product with an element of the kth cohomology group yields an isomorphism to the (n − k)th homology group.  The space is essentially one for which Poincaré duality is valid; more precisely, one whose singular chain complex forms a Poincaré complex with respect to the distinguished element μ.

For example, any closed, orientable, connected manifold M is a Poincaré space, where the distinguished element is the fundamental class

Poincaré spaces are used in surgery theory to analyze and classify manifolds. Not every Poincaré space is a manifold, but the difference can be studied, first by having a normal map from a manifold, and then via obstruction theory.
John Burr Williams
John Burr Williams (November 27, 1900 – September 15, 1989) was an American economist, recognized as an important figure in the field of fundamental analysis, and for his analysis of stock prices as reflecting their "intrinsic value".

He is best known for his 1938 text The Theory of Investment Value, based on his PhD thesis, in which he articulated the theory of discounted cash flow (DCF) based valuation, and in particular, dividend based valuation.

Discounted cash flow
The discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, in financial analysis, is a method used to value a security, project, company, or asset, that incorporates the time value of money. 
Discounted cash flow analysis is widely used in investment finance, real estate development, corporate financial management, and patent valuation. Terminal value often represents a large share of total value and is highly sensitive to growth and discount rate assumptions. Enterprise DCF commonly uses free cash flow to the firm and a continuing value beyond the explicit forecast horizon.Used in industry as early as the 1800s, it was widely discussed in financial economics in the 1960s, and U.S. courts began employing the concept in the 1980s and 1990s.
Canis mosbachensis
Canis mosbachensis is an extinct wolf that inhabited Europe from the late Early Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene, around 1.4 million to 400,000 years ago. Canis mosbachensis is widely considered to have descended from the earlier Canis etruscus, and to be the ancestor of the living grey wolf (Canis lupus) with some considering it as a subspecies of the wolf as Canis lupus mosbachensis. The morphological distinction between C. mosbachensis and C. lupus has historically been vague, and attribution of fossils to C. mosbachensis or to C. lupus around the transition time between the two species is ambiguous.

Xenocyon
Xenocyon ("strange dog") is an extinct group of canids, either considered a distinct genus or a subgenus of Canis. The group includes Canis (Xenocyon) africanus, Canis (Xenocyon) antonii and Canis (Xenocyon) falconeri that gave rise to Canis (Xenocyon) lycanoides. The hypercarnivorous Xenocyon is thought to be closely related and possibly ancestral to modern dhole and the African wild dog,: p149  as well as the insular Sardinian dhole.
City of the Iron Fish
City of the Iron Fish is a fantasy novel by English science fiction and fantasy author Simon Ings. It was first published in July 1994 in the United Kingdom as a paperback original by HarperCollins. The book is about an isolated city bounded by nothing that transforms itself every 20 years through magic evoking rituals.

The novel has been compared to Mervyn Peake's Gormenghast (1950), and M. John Harrison's fictional city Viriconium. Ings said that he wrote City of the Iron Fish in six weeks while in a brothel in Oporto, Portugal, "on the run from my reputation as a cyberpunk writer".

Simon Ings
Simon Ings is an English novelist and science writer living in London. He was born in July 1965 in Horndean and educated at Churcher's College, Petersfield and at King's College London and Birkbeck College, London.

Ings has written a number of novels, short prose and articles for national newspapers.  He was culture editor at New Scientist for a while and as of 2021 continues to write for the magazine on cultural subjects. His non-fiction book The Eye: A Natural History delved into the science of vision exploring the chemistry, physics and biology of the eye.

Ings has collaborated with M. John Harrison on short fiction including "The Dead" (1992) and "The Rio Brain". The latter was published as a separate booklet by Night Shade Books and was available only with the limited edition of Harrison's collection Things That Never Happen. He has also collaborated on short fiction with Charles Stross.
Lages
Lages is a Brazilian municipality located in the central part of the state of Santa Catarina, in the region known in Portuguese as "Planalto Serrano".

It is located in the mountain region of and is also the largest municipality of Santa Catarina. It is the main city of this region, and borders the towns of Otacílio Costa, São Joaquim, and Correia Pinto. The main course of urban water is Carahá River.

Lages hosts an annual festival called Festa do Pinhão, that is famous throughout the country.

Economically, the city is known for its strong cattle breeding and wood processing factories.

São Joaquim
São Joaquim is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina, situated in southern Brazil. Its population in 2020 was 27,139 inhabitants. Located in the Planalto Serrano, it lies 136 km (85 miles) from Tubarão, 81 km (50 miles) from Lages and 227 km (141 miles) from Florianópolis. The town is home to a variety of ethnic groups, including Italian, German, Portuguese, Japanese and Afro-Brazilians. There are also many people from other states in Brazil, especially from Rio Grande do Sul.
Finance (game)
Finance, or The Fascinating Game of Finance or Finance and Fortune, is a board game originally released in 1932. The game is based on The Landlord's Game in the movement of pieces around the board, the use of cards, properties that can be purchased, and houses that can be erected on them. The game also has railroads; however, these may not be purchased. The game is a predecessor to Monopoly.

The Landlord's Game
The Landlord's Game is a board game patented in 1904 by Elizabeth Magie as U.S. patent 748,626. A realty and taxation game intended to educate users about Georgism, it is the inspiration for the 1935 board game Monopoly.
Dricus du Plessis
Dricus du Plessis (born 14 January 1994), also known by his initials DDP, is a South African professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is the former UFC Middleweight Champion. He is the first South African to win a UFC championship. As of 19 August 2025, he is #1 in the UFC middleweight rankings and as of 10 February 2026, he is #12 in the UFC men's pound-for-pound rankings. Outside of the UFC, du Plessis is also the former Welterweight and Middleweight Extreme Fighting Championship (EFC) Champion, and the former Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (KSW) Welterweight Champion.

Extreme Fighting Championship
Extreme Fighting Championship (EFC) is a South African mixed martial arts promotion company established since 2009. It is the largest MMA promotion company on the continent of Africa and features on its roster professional fighters from across the world including the United States, Europe, South America, the UK, Australia, and Africa. The organization produces 10 live events annually. They currently have over 120 athletes exclusively contracted to the organisation. EFC events are currently broadcast in over 120 countries around the world on numerous television networks in multiple languages. To date, EFC has held 132 events (130 numbered events and 2 fight night events) and presided over approximately 1,000 matches.
Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha ([muʋɐːt̺ːupuɻɐ]) is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. It is located 35 km (21.7 mi) east of the district headquarters in Thrikkakara and about 204 km (126.8 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Muvattupuzha has a population of 30,397 people, out of which 15,010 are males and 15,387 are females and a population density of 2,306/km2 (5,970/sq mi).

Muvattupuzha is bordered by the Kottayam district on the southern side and the Idukki district on the eastern side. Muvattupuzha lies on the intersection between MC Road and National Highway 49, about 28 km (17 mi) from the district capital Ernakulam. Muvattupuzha is located 20 km (12 mi) from Thodupuzha, 17 km (11 mi) from Koothattukulam, and 5 km (3.1 mi) away from Arakuzha.

State Highway 1 (Kerala)
Kerala's State Highway 1 or KL SH 1, better known as Main Central Road  or MC Road, is the arterial state highway starting from Kesavadasapuram in Thiruvananthapuram and ends at Angamaly, a suburb of Greater Cochin in Ernakulam district, in the state of Kerala, India. The highway was built by Raja Kesavadas, Dewan of Travancore, in the 1790s. Plan for a new highway called Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly Greenfield Highway, which runs parallel to the KL SH 1 is proposed and is under early stage of development.
UCD Women's Soccer Club
UCD Women's Soccer Club is an Irish association football club based in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. It is the women's association football team of University College Dublin. Founded in 1966, UCD are one of the oldest women's football clubs in the Republic of Ireland. Like the UCD men's team, the women's football team has competed in national competitions, such as the FAI Women's Cup and the Women's National League, as well as intervarsity competitions. UCD has also represented the Republic of Ireland in the UEFA Women's Cup. Between 2014 and 2018, following a merger, with DLR Waves, the club played in the Women's National League and FAI Women's Cup as UCD Waves. However, in 2018 UCD withdrew from the WNL. DLR Waves was subsequently revived as a separate club, taking UCD Waves' place in the WNL.

League of Ireland Women's Premier Division
The League of Ireland Women's Premier Division (sponsor name SSE Airtricity League Women's Premier Division) is a professional women's association football league in Ireland, organised by the League of Ireland, which began play in the 2023 season. The league consists of eleven teams, eight of which are owned by clubs with men's teams in the League of Ireland's Premier Division or First Division. The winners of the league qualify for the first round of the UEFA Women's Champions League in the following season.

The Women's Premier Division is the fourth incarnation of a national women's league at the highest level of the Republic of Ireland football league system, and the first fully-professional incarnation. It is the successor to the FAI and FAIW-run Ladies League of Ireland, which ran in two incarnations from 1973 to 1979, and from 1987 to 1989; and Women's National League (Irish: Sraith Náisiúnta na mBan), which ran from 2011 to 2022.
James Hastings
James Hastings (26 March 1852 – 15 October 1922) was a Scottish United Free Church minister and biblical scholar. He is best known for producing major reference works, including a 5-volume Dictionary of the Bible and a 13-volume Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, and establishing The Expository Times.

Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics
The Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics is a 12-volume work (plus an index volume) edited by James Hastings, written between 1908 and 1921 and composed of entries by many contributors.  It covers not only religious matters but thousands of ancillary topics as well, including folklore, myth, ritual, anthropology, psychology, etc. It was originally published by T&T Clark in Edinburgh, and Charles Scribner's Sons in the United States.
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala oMbaxa iNelson Mandela Bay; Afrikaans: Nelson Mandelabaai Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit) is one of eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape province and comprises the city of Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), the nearby towns of Uitenhage and Despatch, and the surrounding rural area.

The name "Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality" was chosen to honour former President Nelson Mandela.

Uitenhage
Uitenhage (/ˈjuːtənheɪɡ/ YOO-tən-hayg; Afrikaans: [œitənˈɦɑːχə]), officially renamed Kariega, is a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. It is well known for the Volkswagen factory located there, which is the biggest car factory on the African continent. Along with the city of Port Elizabeth and the small town of Despatch, it forms part of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality.
Bartlesville Bearcats
The Bartlesville Bearcats were a minor league baseball team based in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Bartlesville teams played as members of the Class D and Class C level Southwestern League from 1921 to 1923. After leaving the southwestern League, Bartlesville hosted two separate partial season teams in the 1924 Western Association. Bartlesville teams were known by a different nickname in each season.

The Bartlesville teams hosted home minor league games at Johnstone Park.

Bartlesville Reds
The Bartlesville Reds were a minor league baseball team based in Bartlesville, Oklahoma.

From 1931 to 1938, Bartlesville teams played as a member of the Class C level Western Association, with one partial season by the Bartlesville "Tigers" in the 1933 Western League, playing as a Detroit Tigers minor league affiliate.

The Bartlesville "Reds" were a minor league affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds in 1934 and 1935 and the Bartlesville "Blues" were a New York Yankees affiliate in 1937.

Playing under six nicknames in eight seasons, Bartlesville hosted minor league home games at Bartlesville Municipal Athletic Field, known today as Bill Doenges Memorial Stadium.
Jamia Tur Rasheed
Jamia Tur Rasheed, Karachi (Urdu:  جامعۃ الرشید کراچی) is an Islamic seminary in Karachi, Pakistan. The seminary was established by Rasheed Ahmad Ludhianvi. It is a degree awarding institute accredited by Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training and the Higher Education Commission.

The seminary has 36 departments including "Kulyatush Shariyah". It also runs girls  schools including "Jamia Umm Habībah lil-Banāt", "Jamia Hafsa lil-Banāt" and "Al-Bairuni Girls Secondary School".

The seminary co-formed "Majma-ul-Uloom Al-Islamia" (Board of Islamic Sciences) along with Jamia Binoria in May 2021, to blend secular and religious education in the "madrasas".

In December 2022 the seminary established Al-Ghazali University.

Mufti Abdul Rahim is the current head of the seminary.

Rashid Ahmed Ludhianvi
Rashid Ahmad Ludhianvi (Urdu: مفتی رشید احمد لدھیانوی; also known as Mufti Rashid Ahmad; 26 September 1922 – 19 February 2002), was a Pakistani Islamic scholar and faqīh, who founded the Al Rashid Trust and the Jamia Tur Rasheed in Karachi. He served as the head of Darul Ifta Wal Irshad, a jurisprudential institute of the Darul Uloom Karachi and authored books such as Anwaar-ur-Rasheed, Jawahir-ur-Rasheed and Allah Ke Baghi Musalman. His religo-legal edicts were compiled and published as Ahsan ul-Fatawa in ten volumes.
Spirou à New York
Spirou à New York, written by Tome and drawn by Janry, is the thirty-ninth album of the Spirou et Fantasio series, and the seventh of the authors. The story was serialised in Spirou magazine before being released as a hardcover album in 1987.

Spirou & Fantasio
Spirou & Fantasio (French: Spirou et Fantasio), commonly shortened to Spirou, is one of the most popular classic Franco-Belgian comics. The series, which has been running since 1938, shares many characteristics with other European humorous adventure comics like The Adventures of Tintin, Lucky Luke, and Asterix. It has been written and drawn by a succession of artists.

Spirou and Fantasio are the series' main characters, two adventurous journalists who run into fantastic adventures, aided by Spirou's pet squirrel Spip and their inventor friend, the Count of Champignac.
Kyozan Joshu Sasaki
Kyozan Joshu Sasaki (佐々木承周, Sasaki Jōshū), Roshi (April 1, 1907 – July 27, 2014) was a Japanese Rinzai Zen teacher who lived in Los Angeles, United States since 1962. He sought to tailor his teachings to westerners, opening dozens of centres, and founding serving as head abbot of the Mount Baldy Zen Center, near Mount Baldy in California, and of the Rinzai-Ji order of affiliated Zen centers. Sasaki Roshi was one of the most influential but also controversial Zen masters in America, "coercing hundreds of [students] into having sexual contact with him" since at least the early 1970s, including using threats of expulsion.

Rinzai school
The Rinzai school (Japanese: 臨済宗, romanized: Rinzai-shū, simplified Chinese: 临济宗; traditional Chinese: 臨濟宗; pinyin: Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of Chan Buddhism was first transmitted to Japan by Myōan Eisai (1141–1215). Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the Ōtōkan lineage transmitted through Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769), who is a major figure in the revival of the Rinzai tradition.
Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal
The Telecommunications Dispute Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) was established to adjudicate disputes and dispose of appeals with a view to protect the interests of service providers and consumers of the Indian telecommunications sector and to promote and ensure its orderly growth.

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is a regulatory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997. It is the regulator of the telecommunications sector in India. It consists of a chairperson and not more than two full-time members and not more than two part-time members. The TRAI Act was amended by an ordinance, effective from 24 January 2000, establishing a Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal to take over the adjudicatory and disputes functions from TRAI.
Ester value
The ester value (EV) is an analytical parameter used in chemistry to determine the amount of ester present in fats and oils. It represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to saponify the ester content in 1 gram of a substance, and is equivalent to the difference of the saponification value and the acid value.

Saponification value
Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN)  represents the number of milligrams of  potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to saponify one gram of fat under the conditions specified. It is a measure of the average molecular weight (or chain length) of all the fatty acids present in the sample in form of triglycerides. The higher the saponification value, the lower the fatty acids average length, the lighter the mean molecular weight of triglycerides and vice versa. Practically, fats or oils with high saponification value (such as coconut and palm oil) are more suitable for soap making.