hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galois extension
In mathematics, a Galois extension is an algebraic field extension E/F that is normal and separable; or equivalently, E/F is algebraic, and the field fixed by the automorphism group Aut(E/F) is precisely the base field F. The significance of being a Galois extension is that the extension has a Galois group and obeys the fundamental theorem of Galois theory.

A result of Emil Artin allows one to construct Galois extensions as follows: If E is a given field, and G is a finite group of automorphisms of E with fixed field F, then E/F is a Galois extension.

The property of an extension being Galois behaves well with respect to  field composition and intersection.

Normal extension
In abstract algebra, a normal extension is an algebraic field extension L/K for which every irreducible polynomial over K that has a root in L splits into linear factors over L. This is one of the conditions for an algebraic extension to be a Galois extension. Bourbaki calls such an extension a quasi-Galois extension. For finite extensions, a normal extension is identical to a splitting field.
56th Punjabi Rifles (Frontier Force)
The 56th Punjabi Rifles (Frontier Force) was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised in 1849 as the 2nd Regiment of Punjab Infantry. It was designated as the 56th Punjabi Rifles (Frontier Force) in 1906 and became 2nd Battalion 13th Frontier Force Rifles in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 8th Battalion The Frontier Force Regiment.

13th Frontier Force Rifles
The 13th Frontier Force Rifles was part of the British Indian Army, and after 1947, Pakistan Army. It was formed in 1922 by amalgamation of five existing regiments and consisted of five regular battalions. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army.
Hirosaki Domain
Hirosaki Domain (弘前藩, Hirosaki-han), also known as Tsugaru Domain (津軽藩, Tsugaru-han), was a tozama feudal domain of Edo period Japan   It is located in Mutsu Province, in northern Honshū. The domain was centered at Hirosaki Castle, located in the center of what is now the city of Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture. It was ruled by the Tsugaru clan. A branch of the family ruled the adjoining Kuroishi Domain.

Kuroishi Domain
Kuroishi Domain (黒石藩, Kuroishi-han) was a tozama feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.   It is located in northwestern Mutsu Province, Honshū. Its territory included 2000 koku in the area around present-day city of Kuroishi, 1000 koku in present-day Hiranani, and 2000 koku in what is now part of Ōta, Gunma. The domain was centered at Kuroishi Jin'ya, located in the center of what is now the city of Kuroishi in Aomori Prefecture.
St Augustine's Tower, Hackney
St Augustine's Tower stands in St John's Church Gardens, in central Hackney, in the London Borough of Hackney, just off the southern end of the Narrow Way (formerly Church Street). It is all that remains of the early 16th-century parish church of Hackney of St Augustine, which replaced the 13th-century medieval church founded by the Knights of St John. The Tower comprises four stages beneath a restored parapet with diagonal buttressing. A fine working 16th-century turret clock has remained on the third floor of the Tower since at least 1608. The Tower and contents are Grade I listed.

The Tower is seen as a symbol for Hackney, and is represented in the coat of arms of the London Borough of Hackney. During the First World War, it appeared on the cap-badge of the 10th (Hackney) Battalions of the London Regiment, together with the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney motto Justitia Turris Nostra, Latin for Justice is our tower.

Hackney, London
Hackney is a district in East London, England, forming around two-thirds of the area of the modern London Borough of Hackney, to which it gives its name. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Charing Cross and includes part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Historically it was within the county of Middlesex.

In the past it was also referred to as Hackney Proper to distinguish it from the village which subsequently developed in the vicinity of Mare Street, the term Hackney Proper being applied to the wider district.

Hackney is a large district, whose long established boundaries encompass the sub-districts of Homerton, Dalston (including Kingsland and Shacklewell), De Beauvoir Town, Upper and Lower Clapton, Stamford Hill, Hackney Central, Cambridge Heath, Hackney Wick, South Hackney and West Hackney.
Molly Huddle
Molly Huddle (born August 31, 1984) is an American long-distance runner who competes in track and cross country running events. She held the American record in the 5000 meters set in 2014 in Monaco (14:42.64), which has since been lowered by Shannon Rowbury, Shelby Houlihan and Alicia Monson. Huddle held also the American record in the 10,000 meters set at the 2016 Rio Olympics with a time of 30:13.17, which has since been lowered by Alicia Monson.

In 2019 at the London Marathon, she lowered her personal best to 2:26:33, finishing 12th.

Shannon Rowbury
Shannon Solares-Rowbury (born Shannon Rowbury, September 19, 1984) is an American middle-distance runner from San Francisco, California. After competing collegiately for Duke University, she turned professional in 2007. Rowbury has represented the United States at the 2008, 2012, and 2016 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal in 2012, becoming the first American woman to win an Olympic medal in the event. She also represented the United States at the World Championships in 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017, winning the bronze medal in the 1500 meters in 2009. In 2015, Rowbury helped set the world record with the U.S. team for the distance medley relay event, and set a then-American record for 1500 meters on July 17, 2015, breaking Mary Slaney's 32 year-old mark with a time of 3:56.29.
Madeley, Western Australia
Madeley is a suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Perth's central business district. Its local government area is the City of Wanneroo. Previously part of Landsdale, much of the suburb was rural in character until the 1990s, with market gardening a common activity. From 2001 onwards, extensive property development resulted in massive population growth, with the Property Investor Magazine of December 2007 estimating a growth rate of 33.3% per year.

Landsdale, Western Australia
Landsdale is a northern suburb of Perth, Western Australia located within the local government area of the City of Wanneroo.  It is mixed use, with residential, commercial and light manufacturing areas.
Kata
Kata is a Japanese word  (型 or 形) meaning 'form'. It refers to a detailed choreographed pattern of martial arts movements. It can also be reviewed within groups and in unison when training. It is practiced in Japanese martial arts as a way to memorize and perfect the movements being executed.   Korean martial arts with Japanese influence (hapkido, Tang Soo Do) use the derived term hyeong (hanja: 形) and also the term pumsae (hanja: 品勢 hangeul: 품새).

Kata are also used in many traditional Japanese arts such as theatre forms like kabuki and schools of tea ceremony (chadō), but are most commonly known  in the martial arts. Kata are used by most Japanese and Okinawan martial arts, such as iaido, judo, kendo, kenpo, and karate.

Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts refers to the variety of martial arts native to the country of Japan. At least three Japanese terms (budō, bujutsu, and bugei) are used interchangeably with the English phrase Japanese martial arts.

The usage of the term budō (武道) to mean martial arts is a modern one: historically the term meant a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual and moral dimensions with a focus on self-improvement, fulfillment or personal growth. The terms bujutsu (武術) and bugei (武芸) have different meanings from budō, at least historically speaking. Bujutsu refers specifically to the practical application of martial tactics and techniques in actual combat. Bugei refers to the adaptation or refinement of those tactics and techniques to facilitate systematic instruction and dissemination within a formal learning environment.
United States Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy
Energy portal

The Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy is a diplomatic position within the United States Department of State. The role of the envoy is to "engage directly with senior European, Central Asian, Russian and other political and business leaders to support the continued development and diversification of the energy sector." The position was filled by Richard Morningstar.

Richard Morningstar
Richard L. Morningstar (born 1945) is an American diplomat.  He was former United States Ambassador to Azerbaijan from 2012 to 2014. He was formerly Special Envoy of the United States Secretary of State for Eurasian Energy. Currently, Ambassador Morningstar is the founding director and chairman of the Global Energy Center at the Atlantic Council. He also serves as a senior advisor at Albright Stonebridge Group, a global business strategy firm.
Optare Tempo
The Optare Tempo is an integral low-floor, heavy duty, full-size rigid single-deck bus manufactured by Optare and was launched in late 2004. It is marketed and sold as the replacement for the Optare Excel. It is designed as a lightweight bus, to use less fuel than traditional heavy duty integral rigids. As of July 2017, 233 had been built, including 27 Tempo SRs. The Tempo SR has since been replaced in the UK market by longer variants of the Optare MetroCity, although production of the Tempo SR continues for the Australian market.

Switch Metrocity
The Switch Metrocity (formerly known as the Optare MetroCity) is an integral midibus manufactured by Switch Mobility since 2013. Originally aimed at the London market, the Metrocity is based on the Optare Versa which was introduced in 2009. In the UK market, longer variants of the Metrocity have replaced the Optare Tempo SR. As at August 2018, over 250 had been built.
Helme (river)
The Helme (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛlmə] ⓘ) is a river in central Germany that is about 65 kilometres (40 mi) long and which forms a left-hand, western tributary of the Unstrut in the states of Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt.

Unstrut
The Unstrut (German pronunciation: [ˈʊnʃtʁuːt] ⓘ or [ˈʊnstʁuːt] ⓘ) is a river in Germany and a left tributary of the Saale.

The Unstrut originates in northern Thuringia near Dingelstädt (west of Kefferhausen in the Eichsfeld area) and its catchment area is the whole of the Thuringian Basin. It breaks out of the basin through the Thuringian Gate west of Heldrungen and, in its lower reaches, flows through Saxony-Anhalt before emptying into the Saale near Naumburg. The total length of the Unstrut is 192 kilometres (119 mi). Towns along the Unstrut include Mühlhausen, Sömmerda, Bad Frankenhausen, Artern, Roßleben, and Freyburg.
The main tributaries of the Unstrut are the Gera, Wipper, Helme, and Lossa.

The countryside around the Saale and Unstrut rivers forms the wine-growing region of Saale-Unstrut.  The well-known brand of sparkling wine, Rotkäppchen ("Little Red Riding Hood") is produced in the cellars of Freyburg.
Gulf of Salwah
The Gulf of Salwah (Dawhat Salwah) is the southern portion of the Gulf of Bahrain. The Gulf of Salwah is a narrow bay separating the peninsula of Qatar from Saudi Arabia. It is bordered to the west by a well-vegetated shoreland containing palm trees and reed beds. To the east are low cliffs and hills, with sand dunes and salt flats at the southern end.

Gulf of Bahrain
The Gulf of Bahrain (Arabic: خليج البحرين, romanized: Khalīj al-Baḥrayn) is an inlet of the Persian Gulf on the east coast of Saudi Arabia, separated from the main body of water by the peninsula of Qatar. It surrounds the islands of Bahrain. The King Fahd Causeway crosses the western section of the Gulf of Bahrain, connecting Saudi Arabia to Bahrain.
Bobby Hashemi
Bobby Hashemi is a British businessman, and is an investor at Union Ventures, a private investment vehicle founded in 2012 by him. In 1995, he co-founded the Coffee Republic (a coffee shop chain) with his sister Sahar Hashemi.

Sahar Hashemi
Sahar Hashemi OBE (born 1967) is a British businesswoman, best known as the co-founder of the coffee chain Coffee Republic and confectionery brand Skinny Candy. She recently co-chaired the UK government Scale Up Taskforce shaping government policy towards growing SMEs. She currently sits on the board of the Scale Up Institute, and the advisory board of the ECB HUNDRED Cricket Competition and Change Please Coffee, a social enterprise that trains and hires homeless people to run coffee bars.

In 2022 she launched Buy Women Built a campaign to bring consumer recognition to women built brands in the UK.  She was a judge at the 2020 Entrepreneur of the Year Awards.
Shire of Aramac
The Shire of Aramac was a local government area located in central Queensland about 1,100 kilometres (684 mi) north west of the state capital, Brisbane, between the towns of Barcaldine and Winton. It covered an area of 23,364.1 square kilometres (9,020.9 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the Shires of Barcaldine and Jericho to form the Barcaldine Region.

Shire of Jericho
The Shire of Jericho was a local government area in central Queensland between the towns of Barcaldine and Emerald. Administered from the town of Alpha, the Shire covered an area of 21,864.9 square kilometres (8,442.1 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1916 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the Shires of Aramac and Barcaldine to form the Barcaldine Region.

The major industry in the region is beef production.
WSGW (AM)
WSGW (790 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Saginaw, Michigan, owned by Connoisseur Media.  It simulcasts a news/talk radio format with sister station 100.5 WSGW-FM.  The two stations identify themselves as "100.5 and 790 Newsradio WSGW".  The studios are on Tittabawassee Road.

By day, WSGW is powered at 5,000 watts. Aat night, to protect other stations on 790 AM from interference, it reduces power to 1,000 watts.  The station uses a directional antenna with a six-tower array.  The transmitter is on Uncle Henry Road in Blumfield Township.

WSGW-FM
WSGW-FM (100.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Carrollton, Michigan, and serving the Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area.  It is owned by Connoisseur Media and simulcasts a news/talk radio format with sister station WSGW (790 AM).  The two stations identify themselves as "100.5 and 790 Newsradio WSGW".  The studios are on Tittabawassee Road in Saginaw.

WSGW-FM is a Class A FM station with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 3,000 watts.  The transmitter tower is on Hotchkiss Drive in Frankenlust Township.
Live at Monterey
Live at Monterey is an album that contains the performance by the Jimi Hendrix Experience recorded at the Monterey Pop Festival on June 18, 1967. Released on October 16, 2007, it is the third Hendrix album of recordings from Monterey, following Historic Performances Recorded at the Monterey International Pop Festival (1970) and Jimi Plays Monterey (1986).

Historic Performances Recorded at the Monterey International Pop Festival
Historic Performances Recorded at the Monterey International Pop Festival is a live album recorded at the Monterey Pop Festival in June 1967. A split artist release, it includes some of the performances by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on side one and Otis Redding on side two. It has been supplanted by later more comprehensive releases, Live at Monterey (Hendrix, 2007) and Captured Live at the Monterey International Pop Festival (Do It Just One More Time!) (Redding, 2019).
Gary Thorne
Gary Francis Thorne (born June 9, 1948) is an American sportscaster. He was the lead play-by-play announcer for Baltimore Orioles games on MASN from 2007 to 2020. He has also worked for ESPN and ABC, including National Hockey League, Major League Baseball, college football, and the Frozen Four hockey tournament. He also worked for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where he was the narrator for the WrestleMania Rewind program on its WWE Network streaming video service.

MASN
Mid-Atlantic Sports Network (MASN) is an American regional sports network owned by the Baltimore Orioles. Headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland, the channel broadcasts regional coverage of sports events in the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore metropolitan areas.

MASN is available on approximately 23 cable and fiber optic television providers in Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, eastern and central North Carolina, West Virginia, south central Pennsylvania and Delaware (on providers such as Comcast, Cox Communications, RCN, Mediacom, and Verizon Fios, covering an area stretching from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to Charlotte, North Carolina); it is also available nationwide on satellite via DirecTV.
United Bank of India
United Bank of India (UBI) was an Indian nationalized bank which provided financial and banking services. Established in 1950 and headquartered in Kolkata, the bank was nationalised by the government of India in 1969 becoming one of public sector banks in the country. The bank has been amalgamated with Punjab National Bank, along with Oriental Bank of Commerce, with effective from 1 April 2020.

Oriental Bank of Commerce
Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) was an Indian public sector bank headquartered at Gurgaon, Haryana. It had 2390 branches and 2625 ATMs across India. In April 2020, the bank along with United Bank of India was merged with Punjab National Bank, making the latter the second-largest public sector bank in India.
Raccard
Raccards are traditional granaries that can be found in parts of the Minho, north of Portugal (called Espigueiro), in Galicia and Asturias, north-west of Spain, Swiss Alps (usually in Valais) and in the Italian Alps (in the Lys Valley, Valsesia and in Ayas). In Italy they are called rascard or torbe and in Savoy regard.  They are found in the Valle d'Aosta and Piemonte regions of Italy.

These pre-industrial structures resemble log cabins, built above ground and supported by wooden stilts. A circular stone slab, forming an overhang, is intercalated between the stilts and the granary to prevent rodents from gaining access to the grain or fodder reserves. Raccards allow for preserving and processing grain products.

Raccards in Saas-Fee

Raccard in Grimentz - a view of the stone slabs which prevent rodent incursions.

Rascard in Ayas

Hórreo
An hórreo (Galician: [ˈo.re.ʊ]) is a typical granary from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Asturias, Galicia, where it might be called a Galician granary, and Northern Portugal), built in wood or stone, raised from the ground (to keep rodents and water out) by pillars (pegollos in Asturian and Cantabrian, esteos in Galician, espigueiros in Portuguese, abearriak in Basque) ending in flat staddle stones (vira-ratos in Galician, mueles or tornarratos in Asturian, or zubiluzea in Basque) to prevent access by rodents. Ventilation is allowed by the slits in its walls.
RAF Hinaidi
Royal Air Force Hinaidi or more commonly known as RAF Hinaidi (or Hinaidi Cantonment), is a former Royal Air Force station near Baghdad in the Kingdom of Iraq. It was operational from 1922 until 1937, when operations were transferred to RAF Habbaniya.

RAF Habbaniya
Royal Air Force Habbaniya, more commonly known as RAF Habbaniya (Arabic: قاعدة الحبانية الجوية) (originally RAF Dhibban) was a Royal Air Force station at Habbaniyah, about 55 miles (89 km) west of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates near Lake Habbaniyah. It was developed from 1934, and was operational from October 1936 until 31 May 1959 when the RAF finally withdrew after the July 1958 Revolution made the British military presence no longer welcome. It was the scene of fierce fighting in May 1941 when it was besieged by the Iraqi Military following the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état.

It is currently a major Iraqi military airbase.
Virgin 17
Virgin 17 was a French music video and TV show television network owned by the MCM Group, a subsidiary of Lagardère Active. It was available through digital terrestrial television (DTT).

The channel was created for the launch of DTT and modeled after MCM, another channel owned by Lagardère Active. It initially had the working title "iMCM", but in 2004 it was named after the radio station Europe 2, and was then renamed Virgin 17 on 1 January 2008 (along with the radio station which became Virgin Radio France).
From 1 September 2010, Virgin 17 was replaced by Direct Star. This change was intended by the Bolloré Group "for the sake of the uniform group" .

The TV channel had been broadcast free-to-air via satellite Hot Bird 8 (13°E) up to 2007-11-21. Now it's Viaccess encrypted and available to TPS subscribers as well as on Internet television.

Virgin 17 was replaced on 1 September 2010 by Direct Star.

MCM (TV channel)
MCM (originally an acronym for Monte-Carlo Musique, later Ma Chaîne Musicale) is a French music video and entertainment TV channel owned by Groupe M6. It was started in 1989 by Europe 1 Communication following the MTV model, as a programming block of the Monegasque TV station TMC.

From 2001–2003, MCM also broadcast in Thailand, operated by local licensee Broadcast Network Thailand (aka: UBC), playing a mix of alternative and electronica music, and hosted by a variety of bilingual VJs speaking Thai and English, including Sara Malakul, Kipsan Beck and Fah Chanika Sucharitkul.
L&YR Class 7
The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) Class 7 was a class of Atlantic passenger steam locomotives to the design of John Aspinall. Forty were built between 1899 and 1902. They were known as "High-Flyers" as a result of having a high-pitched boiler that was supposed to increase stability at speed. All passed into London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) ownership on the grouping of 1923, becoming the LMS's only Atlantic tender engine class. The LMS gave them the power classification 2P. Withdrawals started in 1926, and all were scrapped by 1934.

These were free-running engines capable of high speeds. It was claimed that No. 1392 attained a speed of over 100 mph (160 km/h) on 15 July 1899 during a trial run with five bogie coaches on the Liverpool Exchange to Southport line. Less credence is given to an alleged 117 mph (188 km/h) by No. 1417 near Kirkby on the route from Liverpool Exchange to Manchester Victoria.

4-4-2 (locomotive)
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-4-2 represents a configuration of a four-wheeled leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels supporting part of the weight of the boiler and firebox. This allows a larger firebox and boiler than the 4-4-0 configuration.

This wheel arrangement is commonly known as the Atlantic type, although it is also sometimes called a Milwaukee or 4-4-2 Milwaukee, after the Milwaukee Road, which employed it in high speed passenger service.
General of Ili
The General of Ili (Chinese: 伊犁將軍; pinyin: Yīlí Jiāngjūn Officially 總統伊犁等處將軍), also known as the Viceroy of Ili, and in western sources as the Kulja Military Governor, was a position created during the reign of the Qing Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735-1799) to "pacify" Dzungaria (now part of Xinjiang) and suppress uprisings by the Khoja "Rebels". The General of Ili governed the entirety of Xinjiang during Qing rule until it was turned into a province.

Xinjiang under Qing rule
The Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China ruled over Xinjiang from the late 1750s to 1912. In the history of Xinjiang, the Qing rule was established in the final phase of the Dzungar–Qing Wars when the Dzungar Khanate was conquered by the Qing dynasty, and lasted until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912. The post of General of Ili was established to govern the whole of Xinjiang and reported to the Lifan Yuan, a Qing government agency that oversaw the empire's frontier regions. Xinjiang was turned into a province in 1884.