hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lega Emilia
Lega Emilia (English: League Emilia), whose complete name is Lega Emilia per Salvini Premier (English: League Emilia for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Emilia, part of Emilia-Romagna region. Established in 1989, it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega Nord (LN) in 1991 and has been the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Emilia since 2020.

The party's leader is Matteo Rancan, who also leads of the joint group with Lega Romagna in the Legislative Assembly of Emilia-Romagna.

Lega Romagna
Lega Romagna (English: League Romagna), whose complete name is Lega Romagna per Salvini Premier (English: League Romagna for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Romagna, part of Emilia-Romagna region. The party was a "national" section of Lega Nord (LN) from 1991 to 2020, and has been the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Romagna since 2020.

The party's current leader is Jacopo Morrone in February 2020. Gianluca Pini, long-time party leader (1991–2015) and member of the Chamber of Deputies (2006–2018), is a nostalgic of the LN and a strong critic of the LSP.

The party has been a long proponent of the separation of Romagna from Emilia and, thus, the establishment of the Region of Romagna. For now it has campaigned with some success for the "return" of Romagnol municipalities of northern Marche to Romagna.
Diet of Speyer (1529)
The Diet of Speyer or the Diet of Spires (sometimes referred to as Speyer II) was a Diet of the Holy Roman Empire held in 1529 in the Imperial City of Speyer (located in present-day Germany).  The Diet condemned the results of the Diet of Speyer of 1526 and prohibited future reformation.  It resulted in the Protestation at Speyer.

Diet of Speyer (1526)
The Diet of Speyer or the Diet of Spires (sometimes referred to as Speyer I) was an Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in 1526 in the Imperial City of Speyer in present-day Germany. The Diet's edict, in summary, denoted the consensus that an agreement regarding the Diet of Worms could not be obtained, and that each city and territory was independent from the authority of the empire, resulted in a temporary suspension of the Edict of Worms and aided the expansion of Protestantism. Those results were repudiated in the Diet of Speyer (1529).
Phu Quoc International Airport
Phu Quoc International Airport (IATA: PQC, ICAO: VVPQ) is an international airport that serves Phú Quốc Island, in southern Vietnam. It covers nearly 900 hectares of land in the former commune of Dương Tơ, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of the administrative centre of Phu Quoc special zone. It is built at a cost of around VND 16.2 trillion (US$810 million) and is planned to be built in phases. The airport is 10 km from the previous Phu Quoc Airport, which it replaced in December 2012.
The airport was initially able to handle about 2.5 million passengers per annum, and the maximum capacity will be 7 million passengers per annum. The airport has a single runway, capable of handling aircraft like the Airbus A350 and Boeing 747.
The construction was completed in November 2012 and was put into operation on 2 December 2012.
The Government of Vietnam expects the airport to facilitate the arrival of international tourists who are attracted to the island's beaches.

Duong Dong Airport
Phu Quoc Airport (IATA: PQC, ICAO: VVPQ) (Vietnamese: Sân bay Phú Quốc), also known as Duong Dong Airport (Vietnamese: Sân bay Dương Đông), was an airport located in Dương Đông town, Phú Quốc, Kiên Giang Province, Vietnam. It was located 300 km from Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), 130 km from Rạch Giá, 190 km from Cần Thơ, 200 km from Cà Mau and 540 km from Lien Khuong.

Due to the economic development of the island and continuous increase in passengers, a new airport project was constructed and built in an area of 8 square kilometers on Phú Quốc island at a cost of US$970 million. Upon completion, the airport had a paved runway of 3000 m x 50 m, capable of handling large aircraft like the Boeing 747. The new airport has a capacity of 7 million passengers per year.

On 2 December 2012, Phu Quoc Airport was closed and replaced by the new Phu Quoc International Airport.
7.62×25mm Tokarev
The 7.62×25mm Tokarev cartridge (designated as the 7.62 × 25 Tokarev by the C.I.P.) is a Soviet rimless bottleneck pistol cartridge widely used in former Soviet states and in China, among other countries. The cartridge was largely superseded in the Soviet Union by the 9×18mm Makarov cartridge.

9×18mm Makarov
The 9×18mm Makarov (designated 9mm Makarov by the C.I.P. and often called 9×18mm PM) is a Soviet pistol and submachine gun cartridge. During the latter half of the 20th century, it was a standard military pistol cartridge of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, analogous to the 9×19mm Parabellum in NATO and Western Bloc military use.
Pilikuththuwa Raja Maha Vihara
Pilikuththuwa Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhalaː පිළිකුත්තුව රජ මහා විහාරය ) is an ancient Cave temple situated in Pilikuththuwa, Sri Lanka. It is located on the Gampaha - Wathurugama road approximately 3.8 km (2.4 mi) away from the Miriswatta junction and  1.6 km (0.99 mi) from the ancient Buddhist temple, Maligatenna Raja Maha Vihara. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka.

Maligatenna Raja Maha Vihara
Maligatenna Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhala: මාලිගාතැන්න රජ මහා විහාරය/මාලිගාතැන්න ආරණ්‍ය සේනාසනය) is an ancient Cave temple located in Malwatuhiripitiya village, Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. The temple is located on the Gampaha-Wathurugama Road and approximately 1.6 km (0.99 mi) away from the ancient temple Pilikuththuwa Raja Maha Vihara.

Currently this temple has been recognized as an archaeological protected site in Gampaha District by Archaeological department.
Maoism–Third Worldism
Maoism–Third Worldism (MTW) is a broad tendency which is mainly concerned with the infusion and synthesis of Marxism—particularly of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist persuasion—with concepts of non-Marxist Third Worldism, namely dependency theory and world-systems theory. Contrary to its name, Maoism–Third Worldism is a movement which was historically developed and primarily believed within the United States.

There is no general consensus on part of Maoist–Third Worldists as a whole. However, the majority of proponents typically argue for the centrality of anti-imperialism to the victory of global communist revolution as well as against the idea that the working class in the First World is majority-exploited (sometimes arguing that it experiences no exploitation at all) and therefore it is not a part of the international  proletariat, but rather labor aristocracy.

Third-worldism
Third-worldism is a political concept and ideology that emerged in the late 1940s or early 1950s during the Cold War and tried to generate unity among the countries that did not want to take sides between the United States and the Soviet Union. The concept is closely related but not identical to the political theory of Maoism–Third Worldism.
Nakh peoples
The Nakh peoples are a group of North Caucasian peoples identified by their use of the Nakh languages and other cultural similarities. These are chiefly the ethnic Chechen, Ingush and Bats peoples of the North Caucasus, including closely related minor or historical groups.

Ingush people
Ingush (Ingush: Гӏалгӏай, romanized: Ghalghai, pronounced [ˈʁəlʁɑj]), historically known as Durdzuks, Gligvi and Kists, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Republic of Ingushetia in central Caucasus, but also inhabitanting Prigorodny District and town of Vladikavkaz of modern-day North-Ossetia. The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language.
Lalaloopsy
Lalaloopsy is a line of plastic rag dolls from MGA Entertainment. Originally released in 2010 as Bitty Buttons, the brand name was changed to Lalaloopsy shortly after launch. They began to grow in popularity during the holiday season in 2010. A variety of Lalaloopsy dolls have been released, as well as several Lalaloopsy themed video games. In November 2012 and February 2013, Lalaloopsy TV specials and TV series began airing on the Nick Jr. Channel and Netflix.

Lalaloopsy (TV series)
Lalaloopsy is an American animated children's television series based on the doll lineup of the same name by MGA Entertainment. The show first aired on March 29, 2013. After the first few episodes were aired on Nickelodeon, it was moved to the Nick Jr. Channel. The series' last episode aired on September 14, 2015.

In December 2015, Viacom filed a lawsuit against MGA, stating that the toy company did not provide proper financing for the advertisement and production of the series. In September 2016, a judge awarded Viacom damages of over $14.9 million relating to the series. Soon afterward, the series was removed from Nick Jr.'s website.
Nuclear bag fiber
A nuclear bag fiber is one of two types of intrafusal muscle fibers in muscle spindles (the other being the nuclear chain fibers), so named because its muscle cell nuclei are congregated into a bulged section ("bag") at the middle portion of the fiber. It is innervated solely by type Ia sensory fibers (whereas nuclear chains fibers are innervated by both type Ia and type II sensory fibers) and responds to dynamic changes in muscle stretch.

The diameter of nuclear bag fibers is about twice that of nuclear chain fibers. Each muscle spindle contains 1–3 nuclear bag fibers.

The tautness of nuclear chain fibers is adjusted mainly by dynamic γ motor neurons to optimise the dynamic response of the muscle spindle.

Nuclear chain fiber
A nuclear chain fiber is one of two types of intrafusal muscle fibers in muscle spindles (the other being the nuclear bag fibers), so named because its muscle cell nuclei are arranged in a "chain" along the whole length of the sensory middle portion of the fiber. It is innervated by both type Ia and type II sensory fibers (whereas nuclear bag fibers are innervated solely by type Ia sensory fibers) and responds tonically according to the degree of static muscle stretch.

Nuclear chain fibers are about half the diameter of nuclear bag fibers. Each muscle spindle contains 3–9 nuclear bag fibers.

The tautness of nuclear chain fibers is adjusted mainly by static γ motor neurons to optimise the static response of the muscle spindle.
C4.5 algorithm
C4.5 is an algorithm used to generate a decision tree developed by Ross Quinlan. C4.5 is an extension of Quinlan's earlier ID3 algorithm. The decision trees generated by C4.5 can be used for classification, and for this reason, C4.5 is often referred to as a statistical classifier. In 2011, authors of the Weka machine learning software described the C4.5 algorithm as "a landmark decision tree program that is probably the machine learning workhorse most widely used in practice to date".

It became quite popular after ranking #1 in the Top 10 Algorithms in Data Mining pre-eminent paper published by Springer LNCS in 2008.

ID3 algorithm
In decision tree learning, ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) is an algorithm invented by Ross Quinlan used to generate a decision tree from a dataset. ID3 is the precursor to the C4.5 algorithm, and is typically used in the machine learning and natural language processing domains.
Heart Colchester
Heart Colchester (formerly SGR Colchester) was an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting to Colchester and the surrounding areas. The station was launched in 1993 as SGR Colchester by the East Anglian Radio group, which also operated the Ipswich-based SGR-FM, Radio Broadland in Norwich, and Amber Radio across Suffolk and Norfolk.

Heart Ipswich
Heart Ipswich (formerly SGR FM) was an Independent Local Radio station that evolved from Suffolk Group Radio, which was the parent company for two Independent radio stations serving the county of Suffolk in England.
José da Terra Brum, 1st Baron of Alagoa
José Francisco da Terra Brum, 1st Baron of Alagoa (Horta, 10 March 1776 – Horta, 22 January 1842), was a landed proprietor, a major landowner on the islands of Faial and Pico, a winegrower, and a wine merchant and exporter, who distinguished himself through his support for the liberal cause during the initial phase of the Portuguese Civil War.

Terra Brum was the first title holder of Baron of Alagoa, a noble title created by Queen Maria II by decree, dated 22 December 1841.

Terra Brum was descendant of Josse van Aertrycke, a Flemish nobleman who was one of the first colonizers of Faial in the 15th century.

Baron of Alagoa
Baron of Alagoa was a noble title created by Queen Maria II by decree, dated 22 December 1841, in favour of José Francisco da Terra Brum, a wealthy merchant from the city of Horta, Azores. He resided on the banks of the Ribeira da Conceição and was the proprietor of the lands known as Alagoa, where the eponymous sports ground is located.
Wadi Tumilat
Wadi Tumilat (Old Egyptian Tjeku/Tscheku/Tju/Tschu) is the 50-kilometre-long (31 mi) dry river valley (wadi) to the east of the Nile Delta. In prehistory, it was a distributary of the Nile. It starts near the modern town of Zagazig and the ancient town of Bubastis and goes east to the area of modern Ismaïlia.

In ancient times, this was a major communication artery for caravan trade between Egypt and points to the east. The Canal of the Pharaohs was built there. A little water still flows along the wadi. The current Sweet Water Canal also flows along the wadi.

The Arabic name "Wadi Tumilat" is believed to reflect the existence in the area, in ancient times, of an important temple of the god Atum (Old Egyptian pr-itm, 'House of Atum', changed over time into 'Tumilat', as well as into 'Pithom').

The old name of the valley is Wadi as-Sadir (Arabic: وادي السدير), which is also "the land of Goshen" in the Arabic translation of the Pentateuch.

Canal of the Pharaohs
The Canal of the Pharaohs, also called the Ancient Suez Canal or Necho's Canal or Darius Canal, is the forerunner of the Suez Canal, constructed in ancient times and kept in use, with intermissions, until being closed in 767 AD for strategic reasons during a rebellion. It followed a different course from its modern counterpart, by linking the Nile to the Red Sea via the Wadi Tumilat. Work began under the pharaohs. According to Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions and Herodotus, the first opening of the canal was under Persian king Darius the Great, but later ancient authors like Aristotle, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder claim that he failed to complete the work. Another possibility is that it was finished in the Ptolemaic period under Ptolemy II, when engineers solved the problem of overcoming the difference in height through canal locks.
2024 visit by Vladimir Putin to North Korea
On June 19, 2024, Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia, visited North Korea. This was Putin's first official visit to North Korea since 2000, and came after North Korea–Russia relations improved significantly following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The visit included summit meeting between North Korea and Russia where North Korean leader Kim Jong Un met with  Putin in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. This was the third meeting between the two leaders after the ones in 2019 and 2023. During the visit, the two leaders signed the North Korean–Russian Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

2023 visit by Kim Jong Un to Russia
On September 13–17, 2023, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea Kim Jong Un visited Russia. This was Kim's first official visit overseas since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea in 2020, and came after North Korea–Russia relations improved significantly following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The visit included a summit meeting between North Korea and Russia where Kim Jong Un met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on 13 September 2023. The meeting was held at the Vostochny Cosmodrome in the Russian Far East.
West Seneca, New York
West Seneca is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 45,500 at the 2020 census. West Seneca is a centrally located interior town of the county, and a suburb of Buffalo. West Seneca, Orchard Park and Hamburg form the inner "Southtowns", a cluster of middle-class suburban towns.

Hamburg, New York
Hamburg is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 60,085. It is named after the city of Hamburg,  Germany. The town is on the western border of the county and is south of Buffalo. Hamburg is one of the Southtowns in Erie County. The villages of Hamburg and Blasdell are in the town, as is the census-designated place of Wanakah. The town of Hamburg was founded in 1812 in Armor.
Darragh Ó Sé
Darragh Ó Sé (born 5 March 1975 in Ard an Bhóthair, Ventry, County Kerry) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. He plays with his local club, An Ghaeltacht, and was a member at senior level of the Kerry county team from 1997 until he announced his retirement in early 2010. Ó Sé has made 81 championship appearances, scoring one goal and 31 points. He also appeared for Kerry in 95 National Football League games scoring one goal and 26 points. He is regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time.   His younger brothers Tomás and Marc are also Gaelic footballers who have represented Kerry at the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship

Marc Ó Sé
Marc Ó Sé (born 25 April 1980) is an Irish sportsman. A teacher by profession, he works in the CBS in Tralee County Kerry, he played Gaelic football for the Kerry county team from 2002 until 2016 and played with his local club team An Ghaeltacht until 2018. He has played right across the back line for Kerry. His older brothers, Darragh and Tomás, also represented Kerry.
Ken Adam
Sir Kenneth Adam OBE RDI (born Klaus Hugo George Fritz Adam; 5 February 1921 – 10 March 2016) was a German-British movie production designer, best known for his set designs for the James Bond films of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as for Dr. Strangelove and Salon Kitty.

Adam won two Academy Awards for Best Art Direction. Born in Berlin, he relocated to England with his Jewish family at the age of 13 soon after the Nazis came to power. Together with his younger brother, Denis Adam, he was one of only three German-born pilots to serve in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

Denis Adam
Denis Frederick Adam CNZM OBE (born Dieter Frederick Adam; 1 February 1924 – 17 October 2018) was a New Zealand businessman and patron of the arts.

Born in Berlin, he relocated to England with his Jewish family at a young age soon after the Nazis came to power, and together with his brother Ken Adam was one of very few German-born pilots to serve in the British Royal Air Force during the Second World War. After the end of the war, he migrated to New Zealand, where he established himself as a successful insurance broker and arts patron.
Rostral ventrolateral medulla
The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), also known as the pressor area of the medulla, is a part of the ventrolateral medulla in the brainstem responsible for basal and reflex control of sympathetic activity associated with cardiovascular function. Abnormally elevated sympathetic activity in the RVLM is associated with various cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure and hypertension.  The RVLM is notably involved in the baroreflex.

It receives inhibitory GABAergic input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The RVLM is a primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system; it sends catecholaminergic projections to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord via reticulospinal tract.

Physostigmine, a choline-esterase inhibitor, elevates endogenous levels of acetylcholine and causes a rise in blood pressure by stimulation of the RVLM. Orexinergic neurons from the lateral hypothalamus output in the RVLM.

Ventrolateral medulla
The ventrolateral medulla, part of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem, plays a major role in regulating arterial blood pressure and breathing. It regulates blood pressure by regulating the activity of the sympathetic nerves that target the heart and peripheral blood vessels.

The ventrolateral medulla consists of a rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and a caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Neurons in the RVLM project directly to preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord and maintain tonic activity in the sympathetic vasomotor nerves. This activity is inhibited by GABA output from the CVLM.
New Design series
The New Design Series (NDS), also known as the BSP Series, was the name used to refer to the banknotes of the Philippine peso. They were conceptualized from 1983 to 1985, issued from 1985 to 2013, and circulated from 1985 to 2019. The coins of the series were minted and issued from 1995 to 2017, and remain legal tender as of 2025. It was succeeded by the New Generation Currency (NGC) Series. The series used the Friz Quadrata, Arial, Optima, and Helvetica typefaces.

New Generation Currency Series
The New Generation Currency (NGC) Series is the name used to refer to the Philippine peso currency series conceptualized from 2007 to 2010, and banknotes issued since 2010 and coins issued since 2017. The series uses the Myriad and Twentieth Century typefaces.
Sabao
Sabao (Chinese: 薩保; pinyin: sàbǎo; lit. 'Protector', 'Guardian'), or sārtpāw in Sogdian, was an official Chinese title in the 5th-7th centuries CE, used for government-appointed leaders of the Sogdian immigrant-merchant community. The word sabao is derived from the Sogdian word sārtpāw, "caravan leader". Sabaos also often had titles of "Prefects", with regional responsibilities, in the Chinese administration : An Jia was Sabao and Grand Governor (大都督, Dàdūdū) of Tong Prefecture.

They were in charge of commercial affairs for foreign merchants from Middle Asia doing businesses in China, as well as Zoroastrian affairs. Various Sabaos are known from their epitaphs, such as An Jia, Wirkak or Yu Hong.

The tombs of the Sabaos in China are among the most lavish of the period in this country, and are only slightly inferior to Imperial tombs, suggesting that they were among the wealthiest members of the population.

Tomb of Wirkak
The Tomb of Wirkak (Sogdian: wyrkʾk), in Chinese commonly referred to as Tomb of Master Shi (Chinese: 史君墓; pinyin: Shǐ Jūn Mù; Wade–Giles: Shih3-Chün1 Mu4), is the grave of the Sogdian sārtpāw Wirkak and his wife Wiyusi, dating from 580 AD (Northern Zhou dynasty). The tomb was discovered in 2003 in the east of Jingshang village in Daminggong township, Weiyang District, Xi'an, and excavated between June and October in the same year. It is especially significant for the rich content of the reliefs on the stone structure contained in the tomb and a bilingual epitaph. Sogdian tombs in China are among the most lavish of the period in this country, and are only slightly inferior to Imperial tombs, suggesting that the Sogdian Sabao were among the wealthiest members of the population.
Santa Rosa County, Florida
Santa Rosa County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, its population was 188,000. The county seat is Milton, which lies in the geographic center of the county. Other major communities within Santa Rosa County are Navarre, Pace, and Gulf Breeze. Navarre is the most populated community with a population of approximately 45,000 residents. Santa Rosa County is included in the Pensacola metropolitan area, which also includes Escambia County.

Escambia County, Florida
Escambia County is the westernmost and oldest county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 321,905. The county seat and largest city is Pensacola. Escambia County is included within the Pensacola Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county population has steadily increased as the City of Pensacola and its surrounding bedroom communities continue to grow with residential and commercial development. The county is part of the Northwest Florida region of the state.