hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mirndi languages
The Mirndi or Mindi languages are an Australian language family spoken in the Northern Territory of Australia. The family consists of two sub-groups and an isolate branch: the Yirram languages, and the Ngurlun languages and Jingulu language some 200 km farther to the southeast, separated by the Ngumpin languages. The primary difference between the two sub-groups is that while the Yirram languages are all prefixing like other non-Pama–Nyungan languages, the Ngurlun languages are all suffixing like most Pama–Nyungan languages.

The name of the family is derived from the dual inclusive pronoun ('we', in the sense of 'you and I') which is shared by all the languages in the family in the form of either mind- or mirnd-.

Yirram languages
The Yirram or Jaminjungan languages, also known as Western Mirndi, are a branch of the Mirndi languages spoken around the Victoria River in the Northern Territory of Australia. The name of these languages is derived from the dual clitic which is "yirram" in each of the languages.

It consists of two languages, the Nungali language and the Jaminjung language. A third language has been proposed, Ngaliwurru, but it is often thought to be merely a dialect of the Jaminjung language.
New York State Writers Institute
The New York State Writers Institute is a literary organization based at the University at Albany in Albany, New York. It sponsors the Albany Book Festival, the Albany Film Festival, Visiting Writers Series, Classic Film Series, the Trolley online literary magazine, and the New York State Summer Writers Institute, and New York State Summer Young Writers Institute in collaboration with Skidmore College.

The NYS Writers Institute was selected by the New York State Legislature in 1985 to award the New York State Author [Edith Wharton Citation of Merit for Fiction Writers] and New York State Poet [Walt Whitman Citation of Merit for Poets] every two years.

University at Albany, SUNY
The State University of New York at Albany (also known as University at Albany, UAlbany, or SUNY Albany) is a public research university in Albany, New York, United States. Founded in 1844, it is one of four "university centers" of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. In 2024, the university enrolled 17,567 students in nine schools and colleges, which offer over 50 undergraduate majors and over 150 graduate degree programs. Portions of the campus extend into Guilderland, and the health sciences campus is located in neighboring Rensselaer, New York. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". The research enterprise totaled expenditures of $115 million in fiscal year 2021 and was focused in four areas: social science, public law and policy, life sciences and atmospheric sciences. UAlbany is home to the New York State Writers Institute.
Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank
The Dai-ichi Kangyo Bank, Limited, abbreviated as DKB (第一勧銀, Dai'ichi Kangin), was one of the largest banks in the world during the latter third of the 20th century. It was created in 1971 by merger of Dai-Ichi Bank, Japan's oldest bank, and Nippon Kangyo Bank, a state financial institution that granted long-term loans to industry and agriculture.

In 2000, it merged with Fuji Bank and the Industrial Bank of Japan to form Mizuho Financial Group. In 2002, DKB's corporate & investment banking division was transferred to Mizuho Corporate Bank, while its retail banking division was transferred to Mizuho Bank.

Mizuho Corporate Bank
Mizuho Corporate Bank, Ltd. (株式会社みずほコーポレート銀行, Kabushiki-gaisha Mizuho Kōporēto Ginkō), or MHCB, was the corporate and investment banking subsidiary of Mizuho Financial Group, the second-biggest Japanese financial services conglomerate, prior to the reintegration of investment banking services under the Mizuho Bank name in July 2013.
Signal crayfish
The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is a species of crayfish indigenous to North America. Introduced to Europe in the 1960s to supplement the North European Astacus astacus fisheries, which were being damaged by crayfish plague, it was subsequently discovered that the signal was itself a carrier of that disease. Consequently, the signal crayfish is now considered an invasive species across Europe, Japan, and California, having displaced the native species in these regions.

Astacus astacus
Astacus astacus, the European crayfish, noble crayfish, or broad-fingered crayfish, is the most common species of crayfish in Europe, and a traditional food source. Like other true crayfish, A. astacus is restricted to fresh water, living only in unpolluted streams, rivers, and lakes. It is found from France throughout Central Europe, to the Balkan Peninsula, and north as far as Scandinavia and Finland, and Eastern Europe. Males may grow up to 16 cm (6 in) long, and females up to 12 centimetres (5 inches).
Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase (1939 film)
Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase is a 1939 American mystery film directed by William Clemens and written by Kenneth Garnet. It is the fourth and final film in the original Nancy Drew film series and a sequel to Nancy Drew... Trouble Shooter (1939). The film stars Bonita Granville as teenage amateur detective Nancy Drew, Frankie Thomas as her boyfriend, and John Litel as her father. It was loosely based on the novel of the same name by Mildred Wirt Benson. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on September 9, 1939.

Nancy Drew... Trouble Shooter
Nancy Drew... Trouble Shooter is a 1939 American comedy film directed by William Clemens and written by Kenneth Gamet. The film stars Bonita Granville, Frankie Thomas, John Litel, Aldrich Bowker, Charlotte Wynters and Edgar Edwards. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 17, 1939, and was the third film in the original Nancy Drew film series. It is a sequel to Nancy Drew... Detective (1938) and Nancy Drew... Reporter (1939) and was followed by Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase (1939).
Disney Platform Distribution
Disney Platform Distribution, Inc. (doing business as Disney Entertainment Distribution) is a business unit within Disney Entertainment that manages all third-party media sales efforts for distribution, affiliate marketing and affiliate-related business operations for all of the company's direct-to-consumer services and linear media networks; content sales agreements for Disney Entertainment and ESPN.

The company was originally established in 1987 under the Capital Cities/ABC Video Enterprises, Inc. name and later renamed ABC Cable and International Broadcast Group, Inc., Disney–ABC International Television, Inc. and Disney Media Distribution. On October 12, 2020, the company took its current name.

Disney Entertainment
Disney Entertainment is one of the three major divisions of the Walt Disney Company created on February 8, 2023. It consists of the company's entertainment media and content businesses, including its motion picture film studios, television divisions and streaming services. Disney operates the largest television and films studio in Hollywood.
Ha! (TV channel)
Ha!: TV Comedy Network (commonly known as Ha!) was an American pay television channel owned by Viacom; it was one of the first American all-comedy channels available in basic-tier television offers. Launched on April 1, 1990, at 7 p.m. ET, it competed with another startup comedy-oriented cable channel, HBO-owned The Comedy Channel. In 1991, the two channels merged to form Comedy Central.

The Comedy Channel (American TV channel)
The Comedy Channel was an American comedy-oriented cable television network owned by Home Box Office, Inc., a division of Time Warner (now Warner Bros. Discovery). It launched on November 15, 1989 at 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time. In 1991, HBO agreed to merge the channel with Viacom's competing channel, Ha!. The new network, CTV: The Comedy Network, premiered on April 1, 1991, but rebranded to Comedy Central on June 1, 1991.

Most of the Comedy Channel's original programs were produced in the HBO Downtown Studios at 120 East 23rd Street in Manhattan.
John Lee (producer)
John Michael Lee is an American television producer, writer, director, voice actor, and musician best known for his work on the MTV2 comedy series Wonder Showzen as a member of the rock band/art collective PFFR.

PFFR
PFFR is an American production company and art collective based in Brooklyn, New York City and consisting of Vernon Chatman, John Lee, Alyson Levy and formerly Jim Tozzi until 2009. The group has been active since 1998.
Yangnam-myeon
Yangnam-myeon is a myeon or a township in the administrative subdivisions of the Gyeongju City, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It is bordered by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) on the east, the Ulju County of Ulsan Metropolitan City on the south, Oedong-eup on the west and Yangbuk-myeon on the north. Its 85.06 square kilometers are home to about 7,131 people. The Wolseong Nuclear Power Plant is situated in the myeon.

Subdivisions of Gyeongju
The primary subdivisions of Gyeongju in South Korea consist of 4 eup, 8 myeon, and 11 dong.  These units are the same into which all of the cities and counties of South Korea are divided. The dong units occupy the area of the city center, which was formerly occupied by Gyeongju-eup.  Eup refers to a substantial village, whereas the myeon are more rural. The current divisions are as follows, using the numbers given on the map:
Melbourne Stars
The Melbourne Stars are an Australian men's professional Twenty20 (T20) franchise cricket team that competes in Australia's domestic Twenty20 competition, the Big Bash League (BBL). Based in Melbourne, Victoria, the Stars wear a green uniform and play their home matches at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). They are the only team who have never won a Big Bash League title despite three finals appearances.

Big Bash League
The  Big Bash League (BBL), also known as the KFC Big Bash League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 (T20) cricket league in Australia. Established in 2011 by Cricket Australia, it features eight city-based franchises and is held annually between December and February. In 2016–17, it was one of the two T20 cricket leagues—alongside the Indian Premier League—to feature amongst the top ten domestic sport leagues in average attendance.

The Perth Scorchers are the most successful team in the tournament's history and the most dominant franchise in Australian sport, having won the title six times including consecutively for two years twice. As of 2026, there have been 15 seasons of the tournament. The current champions are the Perth Scorchers, who won the 2025–26 season after defeating the Sydney Sixers by 6 wickets in the final.
Migration Watch UK
Migration Watch UK (sometimes styled MigrationWatch UK or Migrationwatch UK) is a British think-tank and campaign group which argues for lower immigration into the United Kingdom. Founded in 2001, the group believes that international migration places undue demand on limited resources and that the current level of immigration is not sustainable.

The group has been praised for what is seen as improving the quality of debate around immigration while others have suggested that the group is anti-immigration and have criticised what they say are faults in the group's studies.

Lord Green of Deddington, former ambassador to Saudi Arabia, is the founder and president of the group. Alp Mehmet, former ambassador to Iceland, is its current chairman. David Coleman, Professor of Demography at Oxford University, is an honorary consultant.

Andrew Green, Baron Green of Deddington
Andrew Fleming Green, Baron Green of Deddington, KCMG (born 6 August 1941) is a former British diplomat. He is the founding president of MigrationWatch UK, an organisation arguing for lower immigration to the United Kingdom. He has also held a number of positions with voluntary organisations.
Gunpowder magazine
A gunpowder magazine is a building designed to store the explosive gunpowder in wooden barrels for safety. Gunpowder, until largely superseded, was a universal explosive used in the military and for civil engineering: both applications required storage magazines. Most magazines were purely functional and tended to be in remote and secure locations. They are the successor to the earlier powder towers and powder houses.

Magazine (artillery)
A magazine is an item or place within which ammunition or other explosive material is stored. The word is taken originally from the Arabic word makhāzin (مخازن), meaning "storehouses", via Italian and Middle French.

The term is also used for an ammunition dump, a place where large quantities of ammunition are stored for later distribution. This usage is less common.
HomeSense
HomeSense (stylized as Homesense in Europe and the United States) is a Canadian chain of discount home furnishing stores owned by TJX. It originated in Canada in 2001, and was expanded to Europe in 2008 and the United States in 2017. Outside of the United States, the chain is comparable to the TJX-owned HomeGoods. Within the US, where HomeGoods already operates, it features more big ticket items than its sister store.

TJX
The TJX Companies, Inc. (abbreviated TJX) is an American multinational off-price department store corporation, headquartered in Framingham, Massachusetts. It was formed as a subsidiary of Zayre Corp. in 1987, and became the legal successor to Zayre Corp. following a company reorganization in 1989.

As of 2019, TJX operates TJ Maxx (in the United States) and TK Maxx (in Australia and Europe), its flagship store chains, along with Marshalls, HomeGoods, HomeSense, and Sierra in the United States, and HomeSense, Marshalls, and Winners in Canada. There are over 4,557 discount stores in the TJX portfolio located in nine countries. TJX ranked No. 80 in the 2024 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. TJX is a  publicly listed stock on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol TJX and has a capital value of $170 Billion (November 2025).
Gwaha-ju
Gwaha-ju (Korean: 과하주; Hanja: 過夏酒; lit. summer-passing wine) is a traditional Korean fortified rice wine. The refined rice wine cheongju (also called yakju) is fortified by adding the distilled spirit soju to produce gwaha-ju. Popular varieties include gangha-ju (강하주) of Boseong and Yeonggwang in South Jeolla Province, sinseon-ju (신선주) of Namwon in North Jeolla Province, and yak-soju (약소주) of Suwon in Gyeonggi Province.

Fortified wine
Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, has been added. In the course of some centuries, winemakers have developed many different styles of fortified wine, including  port, sherry,  madeira,  Marsala, Commandaria wine, and the aromatised wine vermouth.
Tang Wei-tsu
Tang Wei-tsu (Chinese: 唐慰祖, also known as Thomas Wei-tsu Tang; born 25 July 1964) is a Taiwanese and American alpine skier and businessman. He competed for Chinese Taipei at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics. He is also the father of Olympian Winston Tang.

Winston Tang
Winston Tang (Chinese: 唐寧希; born 7 July 2006) is an American, Taiwanese, and Bissau-Guinean alpine skier. He was the first person to represent Guinea-Bissau at the Winter Olympics, in the men's slalom at the 2026 Winter Olympics.
Joe Kirk
Ignazio "Nat" Curcuruto (October 1, 1903 – April 16, 1975), better known by his stage name Joe Kirk, was an American radio, film, and television actor who was best known for playing the role of Mr. Bacciagalupe on The Abbott and Costello Show.
He was married to Lou Costello's sister Marie in real life.

Lou Costello
Louis Francis Cristillo (March 6, 1906 – March 3, 1959), better known as Lou Costello, was an American comedian, actor and producer. He was best known for his double act with Bud Abbott and their routine "Who's on First?".

Abbott and Costello, who teamed in burlesque in 1936, were among the most popular and highest-paid entertainers in the world during World War II. During a national tour in 1942, they sold $85 million in war bonds in 35 days. By 1955, their popularity waned from overexposure, and their film and television contracts lapsed. Their partnership ended in 1957, after which Costello made numerous solo appearances on TV and starred in one film.
Barnes–Hut simulation
The Barnes–Hut simulation (named after Joshua Barnes and Piet Hut) is an approximation algorithm for performing an N-body simulation. It is notable for having order O(n log n) compared to a direct-sum algorithm which would be O(n2).

The simulation volume is usually divided up into cubic cells via an octree (in a three-dimensional space), so that only particles from nearby cells need to be treated individually, and particles in distant cells can be treated as a single large particle centered at the cell's center of mass (or as a low-order multipole expansion). This can dramatically reduce the number of particle pair interactions that must be computed.

Some of the most demanding high-performance computing projects perform computational astrophysics using the Barnes–Hut treecode algorithm, such as DEGIMA.

N-body simulation
In physics and astronomy, an N-body simulation is a simulation of a dynamical system of particles, usually under the influence of physical forces, such as gravity (see n-body problem for other applications). N-body simulations are widely used tools in astrophysics, from investigating the dynamics of few-body systems like the Earth-Moon-Sun system to understanding the evolution of the large-scale structure of the universe. In physical cosmology, N-body simulations are used to study processes of non-linear structure formation such as galaxy filaments and galaxy halos from the influence of dark matter. Direct N-body simulations are used to study the dynamical evolution of star clusters.
First Fraser ministry
The first Fraser ministry (Liberal–National Country coalition) was the 50th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser. The first Fraser ministry succeeded the Third Whitlam ministry, which dissolved on 11 November following the dismissal of the Whitlam government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr. As such, it was a caretaker ministry until a federal election could take place. To date, it is the last ministry not to be split between a Cabinet and outer ministry. In the event, the Coalition was ultimately elected on 13 December 1975, and this ministry was replaced by the second Fraser ministry on 22 December 1975.

As of 1 May 2025, Ian Sinclair is the last surviving member of the First Fraser ministry; Sinclair is also the last surviving minister of the Menzies, Holt, McEwen, Gorton, and McMahon governments. Tony Street was the last surviving Liberal member.

Second Fraser ministry
The second Fraser ministry (Liberal–National Country coalition) was the 51st ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 22nd Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser. The second Fraser ministry succeeded the first Fraser ministry, which dissolved on 22 December 1975 following the federal election that took place on 13 December. The ministry was replaced by the third Fraser ministry on 20 December 1977 following the 1977 federal election.

As of 1 May 2025, Ian Sinclair is the last surviving member of the Cabinet of the second Fraser ministry. Tony Street was the last surviving Liberal cabinet member.
Farsala
Farsala (Greek: Φάρσαλα), known in Antiquity as Pharsalos (Ancient Greek: Φάρσαλος, Latin: Pharsālus), is a town in southern Thessaly, in Greece. Farsala is located in the southern part of Larissa regional unit, and is one of its largest settlements. Farsala is an economic and agricultural centre of the region. Cotton and livestock are the main agricultural products, and many inhabitants are employed in the production of textile. The area is mostly famous for being the birthplace of the mythical ancient Greek hero Achilles, and the site of a major battle between Roman generals Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in 48 BC.

Battle of Pharsalus
The Battle of Pharsalus was the decisive battle of Caesar's Civil War fought on 9 August 48 BC near Pharsalus in Central Greece. Julius Caesar and his allies formed up opposite the army of the Roman Republic under the command of Pompey. Pompey had the backing of a majority of Roman senators and his army significantly outnumbered the veteran Caesarian legions.

Pressured by his officers, Pompey reluctantly engaged in battle and suffered an overwhelming defeat, ultimately fleeing the camp and his men, disguised as an ordinary citizen. Eventually making his way to Egypt, he was assassinated upon his arrival at the order of Ptolemy XIII.
Corn syrup
Corn syrup is a food syrup that is made from the starch of corn/maize and contains varying amounts of sugars: glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade. Corn syrup is used in foods to soften texture, add volume, prevent crystallization of sugar, and enhance flavor. Most table syrups typically consist primarily of corn syrup. It can be processed into high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) by using the enzyme D-xylose isomerase to convert a large proportion of its glucose into sweeter fructose.

The more general term glucose syrup is often used synonymously with corn syrup, since glucose syrup in the United States is most commonly made from corn starch. Technically, glucose syrup is any liquid starch hydrolysate of mono-, di-, and higher-saccharides and can be made from any source of starch: wheat, tapioca and potatoes are the most common other sources.

Glucose syrup
Glucose syrup, also known as confectioner's glucose, is a syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch. Glucose is a sugar. Maize (corn) is commonly used as the source of the starch in the US, in which case the syrup is called "corn syrup", but glucose syrup is also made from potatoes and wheat, and less often from barley, rice and cassava.p. 21

Glucose syrup containing over 90% glucose is used in industrial fermentation, but syrups used in confectionery contain varying amounts of glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade, and can typically contain 10% to 43% glucose. Glucose syrup is used in foods to sweeten, soften texture and add volume. By converting some glucose in corn syrup into fructose (using an enzymatic process), a sweeter product, high fructose corn syrup can be produced.

Glucose syrup was first made in 1811 in Russia by Gottlieb Kirchhoff using heat and sulfuric acid.
Peterhouse Group of Schools
The Peterhouse Group of Schools (or simply, the Peterhouse Group) is a group of Anglican boarding schools with 1,045 pupils on estates of 1,200 hectares (3,000 acres) just outside the city of Marondera, Zimbabwe, and comprises Peterhouse Boys' School, Peterhouse Girls' School, Springvale House the Preparatory School, Peterhaven at Nyanga and the Gosho Park and Calderwood Park conservation education projects and wildlife sanctuaries.

Springvale House
Springvale House Preparatory School (commonly known as Springvale or Springvale House) is an independent, preparatory, boarding and day school in Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe that was established in 1952. The school shares facilities with Peterhouse Girls on the Springvale Estate of approximately 1,200 acres (490 ha) with Gosho Park, a conservation area on the estate, being adjacent to the two schools. The majority of the pupil population are boarders while the remainder are day scholars.

Springvale House is a member of the Association of Trust Schools (ATS) and the Headmaster is a member of the Conference of Heads of Independent Schools in Zimbabwe (CHISZ).