hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops  including  birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is often accompanied by a change of nutrition source or behavior. Animals can be divided into species that undergo complete metamorphosis ("holometaboly"), incomplete metamorphosis ("hemimetaboly"), or no metamorphosis ("ametaboly").

Generally organisms with a larval stage undergo metamorphosis, and during metamorphosis the organism loses larval characteristics.

Hemimetabolism
Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called partial metamorphosis and paurometabolism, is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago. These groups go through gradual changes; there is no pupal stage. The nymph often has a thin exoskeleton and resembles the adult stage but lacks wings and functional reproductive organs. The hemimetabolous insects differ from ametabolous taxa in that the one and only adult instar undergoes no further moulting.
Saint Ballado
Saint Ballado (1989-2002) was a Canadian-bred Thoroughbred race horse, best known as the sire of Horse of the Year Saint Liam and champion Ashado. Saint Ballado was the leading sire in North America of 2005.

Ashado
Ashado (foaled February 4, 2001 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racemare whose seven Grade I wins included the 2004 Breeders' Cup Distaff. She won Eclipse Awards as the Champion Three-Year-Old Filly of 2004 and Champion Older Female of 2005, and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2014. At the end of the 2005 racing season, her owners sold her at the Keeneland Sales November auction for $9 million, a world-record price for a broodmare/broodmare prospect.
Effect of low-cost airlines on communities
The effect of low-cost airlines on communities, often referred to as "the Southwest effect", is the increase in airline travel originating from a community after service to and from that community is inaugurated by Southwest Airlines, or any similar airline that improves service or lowers cost.

Southwest Airlines
Southwest Airlines is a major airline in the United States. It is headquartered in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas. It is the fourth-largest airline in North America when measured by passengers carried, as of 2024. With its all-Boeing 737 fleet, Southwest serves over 100 destinations in 42 states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, and ten other countries and territories near the southern United States in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea regions: Aruba, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Jamaica, and Turks and Caicos.

The airline was established on March 9, 1967, by Herb Kelleher and Rollin King as Air Southwest Co. and adopted its current name, Southwest Airlines Co., in 1971, when it began operating as an intrastate airline wholly within the state of Texas, first flying between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. It began regional interstate service in 1979, expanding nationwide in the following decades.
Yi Poik
Yi Poik (Korean: 이보익; May 31, 1876 – October 18, 1959) was the grandmother of Kim Il Sung and great-grandmother of Kim Jong Il. She was a farmer from Pyongyang, South Pyongan Province, North Korea, and the wife of Kim Pohyŏn, who was also a farmer.

Kim Pohyŏn
Kim Pohyŏn (Korean: 김보현; Hanja: 金輔鉉; 3 October 1871 – 2 September 1955) was a farmer from South Pyongan Province. He was the paternal grandfather of the founder of North Korea, Kim Il Sung, the great-grandfather of Kim Jong Il, and great-great-grandfather of the current leader of North Korea, Kim Jong Un.

He is buried in the Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery in North Korea.
Port Hedland Harbour Tunnel
The Port Hedland Harbour Tunnel is a 1,030-metre-long (3,380 ft) bored tunnel in Port Hedland, Western Australia. Owned by BHP, the tunnel carries iron ore fines on a conveyor belt from the company's Nelson Point stockyards to a hot briquetted iron plant on Finucane Island, passing under the Port of Port Hedland. The tunnel was constructed by a tunnel boring machine by Transfield and Kumagai Gumi for A$23.19 million.

Finucane Island
Finucane Island is located adjacent to Port Hedland in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.
It is within the area that is governed by the Port Hedland Port Authority, and the location of the loading of the first shipments of iron ore from the region, and the port.

The work on the port commenced in February 1965.

Iron ore was first delivered to Finucane Island from Goldsworthy on 1 December 1965.

24,900 tonnes of ore was delivered to the Harvey S. Mudd on 26 June 1966.

In 1999, the Port Hedland Harbour Tunnel opened, connecting Finucane Island to Nelson Point by a conveyor belt.
1956 New York Yankees season
The 1956 New York Yankees season was the 54th season for the team. The team finished with a record of 97–57, winning their 22nd pennant, finishing nine games ahead of the Cleveland Indians. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers in seven games. The Series featured the first no-hitter in Series play and only World Series perfect game, delivered by the Yankees' Don Larsen in Game 5.

1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season
The 1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season was the 67th season for the Brooklyn Dodgers franchise in the MLB. The Dodgers edged out the Milwaukee Braves to win the National League title. The Dodgers again faced the New York Yankees in the World Series. This time they lost the series in seven games, one of which was a perfect game by the Yankees' Don Larsen.
René of Anjou
René I of Anjou (Italian: Renato; Occitan: Rainièr; 16 January 1409 – 10 July 1480) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1434 to 1480, who also reigned as King of Naples from 1435 to 1442 (then deposed). Having spent his last years in Aix-en-Provence, he is known in France as the Good King René (Occitan: Rei Rainièr lo Bòn; French: Le bon roi René).

René was a member of the House of Valois-Anjou, a cadet branch of the French royal house, and the great-grandson of John II of France.  He was a prince of the blood, and for most of his adult life also the brother-in-law of the reigning king Charles VII of France. Other than the aforementioned titles, he was also Duke of Bar from the 1420s onwards and Duke of Lorraine from 1431 to 1453.

Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine
Yolande (2 November 1428 in Nancy – 23 March 1483 in Nancy) was Duchess of Lorraine (1473) and Bar (1480). She was the daughter of Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine, and René of Anjou (King of Naples, Duke of Anjou, Bar and Lorraine, Count of Provence). Though she was nominally in control of major territories, she ceded her power and titles to her husband and her son. In addition, her younger sister was Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England.

In the 19th century, a romanticised version of her early life was popularised by the play King René's Daughter by Henrik Hertz, in which she is portrayed as a beautiful blind princess living in an isolated garden paradise. It was later adapted to Tchaikovsky's opera Iolanta. There is no evidence that she was ever blind.
Travertine
Travertine (/ˈtrævərtiːn/ ⓘ TRAV-ər-teen) is a form of fresh water limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave. In the latter, it can form stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems.

Travertine is frequently used in Italy and elsewhere as a building material. Similar, but softer and extremely porous deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
K. Radhakrishnan (politician)
K. Radhakrishnan (born 24 May 1964) is an Indian politician who is the CPI(M) Parliamentary Party Leader  in 18th Lok Sabha and Member of the Lok Sabha for Alathur since 2024. A veteran leader of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), Radhakrishnan has previously served as a State Minister of Kerala from 2021 to 2024, and from 1996 to 2001.

He also served as Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2011. Radhakrishnan served in the Kerala Legislative Assembly for five terms, representing Chelakkara from 1996 to 2016 and again from 2021 to 2024.

He is CPI(M) Central Committee member and the All India President of Dalit Shoshan Mukti Manch (DSMM).

Chelakkara Assembly constituency
Chelakkara is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Alathur Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 assembly election, the MLA is K. Radhakrishnan of Communist Party of India (Marxist); however, Radhakrishnan resigned after winning Alathur Lok Sabha constituency in the 2024 general election.
Asia Pacific Airlines (PNG)
Asia Pacific Airlines is an airline based in Tabubil, Papua New Guinea. It is a subsidiary of National Jet Express. It operates domestic services, as well as flights to Cairns, Australia. Its main base is Tabubil Airport.

Tabubil
Tabubil is a town located in the Star Mountains area of the North Fly District of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The town, including the adjoining relocated village of Wangabin and the industrial area of Laydown (where industrial equipment was originally laid down before being installed at the mine ~1970–1980), is the largest settlement in the province, although the provincial capital, Daru is a similar size. It had a recorded population of 10,270 at the 2011 census.

Tabubil is set in dense jungle fed by one of the highest rainfalls in the world. The town is the largest settlement in the country that has never been a provincial capital, or incorporated within one. The town was established primarily to serve the Ok Tedi Mine, which is currently mining copper and gold.
Sarang display team
Sarang is an aerobatic air display team of the Indian Air Force. Formally established as the No. 151 Helicopter Unit in 2005, the unit flies five modified HAL Dhruv helicopters and is based out of Sulur Air Force Station near Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu.

HAL Dhruv
The HAL Dhruv (lit. 'Unshakeable') is a utility helicopter designed and developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in November 1984. The helicopter first flew in 1992; though its development was prolonged due to multiple factors including the Indian Army's requirement for design changes, budget restrictions, and sanctions placed on India following the 1998 Pokhran-II nuclear tests.

The HAL Dhruv entered operational service in 2002. It is designed to meet the requirement of both military and civil operators, with military variants of the helicopter being developed for the Indian Armed Forces, while a variant for civilian/commercial use has also been developed. Military versions in production include transport, utility, reconnaissance and medical evacuation variants.

As of January 2024, more than 400 Dhruvs had been produced for domestic and export markets logging more than 340,000 flying hours.
Santa Fe Public Schools
Santa Fe Public Schools (SFPS) is a school district based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Santa Fe Public Schools serves the city of Santa Fe, the communities of Tesuque and Eldorado, and the historic neighborhood of Agua Fria, and other communities with a total area of 1,016 square miles (2,630 km2). The school district has a total of 31 schools: three high schools, three combined high/middle schools, three middle schools, and 21 elementary schools (of which five are community schools).

Eldorado at Santa Fe, New Mexico
Eldorado at Santa Fe, locally known as Eldorado, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 6,130 at the 2010 census.
Pickerel, Wisconsin
Pickerel is an unincorporated community in the northeastern corner of Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. The community is located on Wisconsin Highway 55, in the town of Langlade. Pickerel is 19 miles (31 km) northeast of Antigo, the county seat of Langlade County. Pickerel has a post office with ZIP code 54465. The Pickerel Volunteer Fire Department is located northwest of town on County Road T, and serves the town of Ainsworth, and part of the town of Nashville in Forest County.

The Pickerel Rescue Squad station is located south of town on State Highway 55, and provides ambulance services (EMS) to the towns of Ainsworth, Langlade, and part of the Town of Nashville.  Pickerel Rescue is an Advanced life support unit.

Langlade, Wisconsin
Langlade is a town in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 473 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Choate, Freeman, Lily, and Pickerel are located within the town.

The township is served by the Town of Langlade Fire Department, and Pickerel Rescue Squad for ambulance services.
José Luis Mendilibar
José Luis Mendilibar Etxebarria (born 14 March 1961) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder, currently manager of Super League Greece club Olympiacos.

He played no higher than Segunda División, making 290 appearances and scoring 34 goals mainly for Sestao. He also represented Logroñés in that league.

Mendilibar managed for over 15 years in La Liga for Athletic Bilbao, Valladolid, Osasuna, Levante, Eibar, Alavés and Sevilla, winning the second division with Valladolid in 2006–07, the Europa League in 2023 with Sevilla and the Conference League in 2024 with Olympiacos.

2024 UEFA Europa Conference League final
The 2024 UEFA Europa Conference League final was the final match of the 2023–24 UEFA Europa Conference League, the third season of Europe's tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA. It was held at the Agia Sophia Stadium in Athens, Greece, on 29 May 2024, between Greek club Olympiacos and Italian club Fiorentina.

Olympiacos won the match 1–0 after extra time courtesy of a header by Ayoub El Kaabi for their first European title, also becoming the first Greek club to win a European trophy. As winners, they qualified for the league phase of the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League. Meanwhile, Fiorentina lost their second consecutive final, becoming the first team to lose European finals in consecutive seasons since Benfica in the 2013 and 2014 Europa League finals.
Cottingley, Bradford
Cottingley is a suburban village within the City of Bradford district in West Yorkshire, England between Shipley and Bingley. It is known for the Cottingley Fairies, which appeared in a series of photographs taken there during the early 20th century.

Bingley
Bingley is a market town and civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The town had a population of 18,040 at the 2021 Census.
Đờn ca tài tử
Đờn ca tài tử (Chữ Hán: 彈歌才子) or nhạc tài tử (樂才子) is a genre of chamber music in the traditional music of southern Vietnam. Its instrumentation resembles that of the ca Huế style; additionally, modified versions of the European instruments guitar, violin, and steel guitar are used. Vọng cổ ("Longing for the Past") is one of the more popular tài tử melodies, and was composed in 1919 by songwriter ông Sáu Lầu, of Bạc Liêu Province in southern Vietnam.

Vọng cổ
Vọng cổ (Vietnamese: [vâwŋmˀ ko᷉], chữ Hán: 望古, "nostalgia") is a Vietnamese song and musical structure used primarily in the cải lương theater music and nhạc tài tử chamber music of southern Vietnam. It was composed sometime between 1917 and 1919 by Cao Văn Lầu (performing name Sáu Lầu "sixth Lầu"), of Bạc Liêu Province in southern Vietnam. The song achieved great popularity and eventually its structure became the basis for numerous other songs. The tune is essentially melancholy in character and is sung using Vietnamese modal inflections.
Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria
Rudolf I of Bavaria, called "the Stammerer" (German: Rudolf der Stammler; 4 October 1274 – 12 August 1319), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1294 until 1317.

Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine
Adolf of the Rhine (German: Adolf der Redliche von der Pfalz) (27 September 1300, Wolfratshausen – 29 January 1327, Neustadt) from the house of Wittelsbach was formally Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1319 to 1327.

He was the second son of Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria and his wife Mechtild of Nassau. He didn't really rule because his uncle Louis IV occupied the Palatinate until an agreement with Adolf's brothers and his son Rupert II, Elector Palatine of the Rhine was concluded in Pavia in 1329.
Bandolier
A bandolier / bandoleer or a bando is a pocketed belt for holding either individual cartridges, belts of ammunition or grenades. It is usually slung sash-style over the shoulder and chest, with the ammunition pockets across the midriff and chest. Though functionally similar, they are distinct from chest rigs, which are designed to hold magazines instead.

Belt (firearms)
An ammunition belt is a firearm device used to package and feed cartridges, typically for rapid-firing automatic weapons such as machine guns. Belt-fed systems minimize the proportional weight of the ammunition apparatus to the entire weapon system, allowing high rates of continuous fire without needing frequent magazine changes. The capacity of belts and associated belt containers is typically a function of weight and bulk, and their size is limited by caliber and the combined portability of the weapon and ammunition. Typical capacities for man-portable weapon systems range from 50 to 300 rounds of ammunition.
Henry Newman (political adviser)
Henry Newman is a British political adviser. He has served as Chief of Staff to the Leader of the Opposition, Kemi Badenoch, since July 2025. Previously he has served as a senior adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Michael Gove and Francis Maude. He also served as a councillor on Camden London Borough Council.

Camden London Borough Council
Camden London Borough Council, also known as Camden Council, legally The Mayor and Burgesses of the London Borough of Camden, is the local authority for the London Borough of Camden in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. The council meets at Camden Town Hall and their other premises.
Cayman Brac
Cayman Brac is an island that is part of the Cayman Islands. It lies in the Caribbean Sea about 145 km (90 mi) north-east of Grand Cayman and 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Little Cayman. It is about 19 km (12 mi) long, with an average width of 2 km (1.2 mi). Its terrain is the most prominent of the three Cayman Islands due to "The Bluff", a limestone outcrop that rises steadily along the length of the island up to 43 m (141 ft) above sea level at the eastern end.  The island is named after this prominent feature, as "brac" is a Gaelic name for a bluff.

Grand Cayman
Grand Cayman is the largest of the three Cayman Islands and the location of the territory's capital, George Town. In relation to the other two Cayman Islands, it is approximately 75 miles (121 km) southwest of Little Cayman and 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Cayman Brac.
Conflicts of interest in academic publishing
Conflicts of interest (COIs) often arise in academic publishing. Such conflicts may cause wrongdoing and make it more likely. Ethical standards in academic publishing exist to avoid and deal with conflicts of interest, and the field continues to develop new standards. Standards vary between journals and are unevenly applied. According to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, "[a]uthors have a responsibility to evaluate the integrity, history, practices and reputation of the journals to which they submit manuscripts".

Conflicts of interest increase the likelihood of biases arising; they can harm the quality of research and the public good (even if disclosed). Conflicts of interest can involve research sponsors, authors, journals, journal staff, publishers, and peer reviewers.

ICMJE recommendations
The ICMJE recommendations (full title, "Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals") are a set of guidelines produced by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors for standardising the ethics, preparation and formatting of manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals for publication. Compliance with the ICMJE recommendations is required by most leading biomedical journals. Levels of real compliance are subject to debate. As of 9 January 2020, 5570 journals worldwide claim to follow the ICMJE recommendations.

The recommendations were first issued in 1979 under the title "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (abbreviated URMs and often shortened to "Uniform Requirements"). After a series of revisions, they were given their current name in 2013.
Chattanooga metropolitan area
The Chattanooga, TN-GA metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of six counties – three in southeast Tennessee (Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie) and three in northwest Georgia (Catoosa, Dade, and Walker) – anchored by the city of Chattanooga. As of the 2020 census, the Chattanooga metropolitan area had a population of 562,647. This metropolitan area traverses two time zones.

Dade County, Georgia
Dade County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. It occupies the northwest corner of Georgia, and the county's own northwest corner is the westernmost point in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population is 16,251. The county seat and only incorporated municipality is Trenton. Dade County is part of the Chattanooga metropolitan area. In 1860, residents of Dade County voted to secede from the state of Georgia and from the United States, but no government outside the county ever recognized this gesture as legal. In 1945, the county symbolically "rejoined" Georgia and the United States.