hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French West Africa
French West Africa (French: Afrique-Occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger. The federation existed from 1895 until 1958. Its capital was Saint-Louis in Senegal until 1902, and then Dakar until the federation's collapse in 1960.

With an area of 4,689,000 km2, French West Africa was eight times the size of Metropolitan France. French Equatorial Africa had an additional area of 2,500,000 km2.

Colony of Niger
The Colony of Niger (French: Colonie du Niger) was a French colonial possession covering much of the territory of the modern West African state of Niger, as well as portions of Mali, Burkina Faso and Chad. It existed in various forms from 1900 to 1960 but was titled the Colonie du Niger only from 1922 to 1960.
CCIR System I
CCIR System I is an analogue broadcast television system. It was first used in Ireland starting in December 1961 as the 625-line broadcasting standard to be used on VHF Band I and Band III, sharing Band III with 405-line System A signals radiated in the north and east of the country. Ireland slowly extended its use of System I onto the UHF bands.

The UK started its own 625-line television service in 1964 also using System I, but on UHF only – the UK has never used VHF for 625-line television except for some cable relay distribution systems.

Since then, System I has been adopted for use by Hong Kong, Macau, the Falkland Islands, South Africa, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Tanzania, Saint Helena, and Pitcairn Islands.

As of late 2012, analogue television is no longer transmitted in either the UK or Ireland. South Africa is still broadcasting in System I, but have plans to end the service at any time.

Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.
Hermann Staudinger
Hermann Staudinger (German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈʃtaʊ̯dɪŋɐ] ⓘ; 23 March 1881 – 8 September 1965) was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers. For this work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

He is also known for his discovery of ketenes and of the Staudinger reaction. Staudinger, together with Leopold Ružička, also elucidated the molecular structures of pyrethrin I and II in the 1920s, enabling the development of pyrethroid insecticides in the 1960s and 1970s.

Leopold Ružička
Leopold Ružička ForMemRS (pronounced [rǔʒitʃka]; born Lavoslav Stjepan Ružička; 13 September 1887 – 26 September 1976) was a Croatian-Swiss scientist and joint winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" "including the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones." He worked most of his life in Switzerland, and received eight doctorates honoris causa in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.
March of the Falsettos
March of the Falsettos is a 1981 musical with book, lyrics, and music by William Finn. It is the second in a trilogy of musicals, preceded by In Trousers and followed by Falsettoland. March of the Falsettos and Falsettoland later formed the first and second act respectively of the 1992 musical Falsettos.

In Trousers
In Trousers is a one-act musical that premiered off-Broadway in 1979 with book, music and lyrics by William Finn. It is the first in a trilogy of musicals, followed by March of the Falsettos and then Falsettoland.
Wei Zifu
Wei Zifu (simplified Chinese: 卫子夫; traditional Chinese: 衛子夫; pinyin: Weì Zǐfū; Wade–Giles: Wei Tzu-fu; died 9 September 91 BC), posthumously known as Empress Xiaowusi (孝武思皇后; lit. ''the filial, martial and thoughtful empress'') or Thoughtful Empress Wei (衛思后; Weì Sī Hòu), was an empress consort of the Chinese Han dynasty. She was the second wife of the famous Emperor Wu and his spouse for 49 years. She stayed as his empress for 38 years, the second longest in Chinese history (behind only the 47-year reign of Empress Wang, the wife of Ming dynasty's Wanli Emperor, who lived over 1,600 years later). She was the mother of Emperor Wu's heir apparent Liu Ju and a great-grandmother of Liu Bingyi, as well as elder half-sister of the famed general Wei Qing, aunt of Huo Qubing, and step-aunt of statesman Huo Guang.

Liu Ju
Liu Ju (Chinese: 劉據; early 128 – 30 September 91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子; lit. ''the unrepentant crown prince'', with "Li" being an unflattering adjective) was a Western Han dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and heir apparent of Emperor Wu of Han until his death at age 38 (by East Asian reckoning) during the political turmoil that occurred during 91 BC.

Liu Ju led an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion. Emperor Wu sent soldiers to hunt Liu Ju down, so Liu Ju committed suicide by hanging himself. Liu Ju's two sons and the family hosting them all died when government soldiers broke into the house and killed everyone.
LG G Watch
The LG G Watch (model W100, codenamed Dory) is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by LG and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the Samsung Gear Live as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support Bluetooth LE.

G Watch was, as of June 2014, only available in the United States and Canada at US$229 or in the United Kingdom for £159 on the Google Play Store. As of July 2014, the G Watch was also made available in Australia, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and Spain.

The G Watch R is a variant featuring a round face and an OLED screen.

Samsung Gear Live
The Samsung Gear Live is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced and released by Samsung and Google on June 25, 2014. It was released along with the LG G Watch as launch devices for Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. Gear Live is the 5th device launched in the Samsung Gear family of wearables. It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support Bluetooth Smart.

Gear Live was initially available in the United States and Canada at US$199 on the Google Play Store, and from Google's Play Store in the UK for £169. As of July 2014, the Gear Live was also available in Australia, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and Spain.
US Foods
US Foods Holding Corp. (formerly known as U.S. Food service) is an American food service distributor. It is the second-largest food service distributor in the U.S., after Sysco. The company supplies 250,000 locations including independent restaurants, chain restaurants, healthcare, hospitality, and educational institutions.

In 2024, 34% of revenues came from meats and seafoods, 17% of revenues came from dry grocery products, 17% of revenue came from refrigerated and frozen grocery products, 11% of revenues came from dairy, 9% of revenues came from supplies, 6% of revenues came from produce, and 6% of revenues came from beverages.

The company is ranked 122nd on the Fortune 500 and 1127th on the Forbes Global 2000.

Sysco
Sysco is an American multinational corporation that sells, markets, and distributes food products to restaurants, healthcare and educational facilities, sports stadiums, and other venues that serve food. It also sells foodservice supplies and equipment. The company is headquartered in the Energy Corridor district of Houston, Texas.

Sysco was founded in 1969 by Herbert Irving, John F. Baugh, and Harry Rosenthal. The company became public on March 3, 1970.

Sysco is the world's largest broadline food distributor. As of June 2024, the company has approximately 76,000 employees and serves 730,000 customer locations. It operates 340 distribution centers in 10 countries. In 2019 Sysco entered the UK market by purchasing Brakes and forming Sysco GB. Fortune magazine has consistently included Sysco in its annual Fortune 500 rankings of the largest companies in the United States based on total revenue. In 2024, Sysco placed 54th in these rankings.
George Adams (musician)
George Rufus Adams (April 29, 1940 – November 14, 1992) was an American jazz musician who played tenor saxophone, flute and bass clarinet. He is best known for his work with Charles Mingus, Gil Evans, Roy Haynes and in the quartet he co-led with pianist Don Pullen, featuring bassist Cameron Brown and drummer Dannie Richmond. He was also known for his idiosyncratic singing.

Dannie Richmond
Charles Daniel Richmond (December 15, 1931 – March 16, 1988) was an American jazz drummer who is best known for his work with Charles Mingus. He also worked with Joe Cocker, Elton John and Mark-Almond.
Benson Island, British Columbia
Benson Island, known to the Tseshaht First Nation people as C'isaa (Ćišaa?atḥ) or Ts'ishaa (Ts'isha?atH), is part of the Broken Group in Barkley Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It is notable because the Tseshaht First Nation recognize it as the creation site where the first man and first woman of the Tseshaht people came into this world.

Tseshaht First Nation
Tseshaht First Nation is an amalgamation of many tribes up and down Alberni Inlet and in the Alberni Valley of central Vancouver Island in the Canadian province of British Columbia.  They are a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council which includes all other Nuu-chah-nulth-aht peoples except the Pacheedaht First Nation.
Micheline Lannoy
Micheline Lannoy (31 January 1925 – 18 March 2023) was a Belgian pair skater. With partner Pierre Baugniet, she was the 1948 Olympic champion, the 1947 and 1948 World Champion, and the 1947 European champion. Their win at the 1948 Olympics was the first, and up until the 2022 Winter Olympics only, Winter Olympic gold medal for Belgium. She was born in Brussels on 31 January 1925, and died on 18 March 2023, at the age of 98.

Pierre Baugniet
Pierre Baugniet (23 July 1925 – 20 December 1981) was a Belgian pair skater. With partner Micheline Lannoy, he was the 1948 Olympic champion, the 1947 & 1948 World Champion, and the 1947 European champion.

Their win at the 1948 Olympics was the first and until 2022 only Winter Olympic gold medal for Belgium.
The Children of Rosenthal
The Children of Rosenthal (Russian: Дети Розенталя, romanized: D'eti Rozental'a) is a 2005 postmodern opera in two acts by Leonid Desyatnikov to a Russian libretto by Vladimir Sorokin.

Set in USSR during the post-World War II era, the opera tells the story of clones of great composers: Wagner, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Verdi, and Mozart. They were cloned by Alex Rosenthal, a scientist who escaped from Nazi Germany to the USSR. The premiere took place at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow on 23 March 2005.

Vladimir Sorokin
Vladimir Georgiyevich Sorokin (Russian: Влади́мир Гео́ргиевич Соро́кин; born 7 August 1955) is a postmodern Russian writer of novels, short stories, and plays.

He has been described as one of the leading and most popular writers in contemporary Russian literature. Sorokin became known for his provocative and satirical works combining elements of dystopia, alternative history and science fiction, and the grotesque. One of Sorokin's recognisable literary techniques is stylistic mimicry, he imitates various literary styles, from socialist realism to classical Russian prose.

In Russia, Vladimir Sorokin's works have many times become the subject of public discussion, including lawsuits. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, he has been living in exile in Berlin.
Agnita railway line
The Agnita railway line was a 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) Bosnian gauge rail line in Sibiu County, Romania. Originally it ran from Sibiu railway station to Sighișoara in Mureș County. There also was a branch line to Vurpăr. However the final section from Sibiu to Agnita was closed in 2001. Căile Ferate Române (CFR) classed the line, along with the Vurpăr branch, as line 204 in the last years of operation. The Sibiu Steam Locomotives Museum holds the last remaining original locomotive from 1896.

Vurpăr branch line
The Vurpăr branch line was a narrow-gauge rail line Sibiu County, Romania. Originally it stretched from Cornăţel on the Agnita railway line to the terminus in Vurpăr. CFR classed the line, along with the Agnita railway line, as line 204 in the last years of operation. The Sibiu Steam Locomotives Museum holds locomotives used on the lines.
Fatick
Fatick (French pronunciation: [fatik]; Wolof: Fatik; Serer: Fatik) is a town and urban commune in Senegal, located between M'bour and Kaolack and inhabited by the Serer people. Its 2023 population was at 39,361.
It is the capital of the Fatick Region and the Fatick Department.

Fatick department
Fatick department is one of the 46 departments of Senegal, one of the three departments making up the Fatick region, and lies on the road between Mbour and Kaolack. The Fatick region is home to many Sereer people (or Serer); the Sereers are one of the major ethnic groups in Senegal and there are four Sereer dialects. At least 99% of the regional area consists Seereer, notably of  Seereer Niominka people, and less than 1% of migrant Fulbe (1998 figures).

Fatick town is the major urban center for the region. The department has an area of 2646 km² and is divided into arrondissements, communes, and rural communities.
Lugano Arte e Cultura
Lugano Arte e Cultura (LAC) is a polyfunctional cultural centre dedicated to music, visual and performance arts in Lugano, Switzerland. It houses the Museo d'arte della Svizzera italiana (MASI Lugano) and hosts events such as "LuganoInScena" and "LuganoMusica". The Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana has its base at the LAC.

MASI Lugano
The Swiss–Italian Art Museum (Italian: Museo d'arte della Svizzera italiana), commonly known as MASI Lugano, MASILugano or MASI, is an art museum predominantly featuring 20th-century and contemporary art in Lugano, Switzerland. Since December 2019, the museum has two locations, one in the Lugano Arte e Cultura (LAC) art center, and one in the Palazzo Reali.
System Architecture Evolution
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of mobile communications protocol group 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard.

SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs); and support for, and mobility between, multiple heterogeneous access networks, including E-UTRA (LTE and LTE Advanced air interface), and 3GPP legacy systems (for example GERAN or UTRAN, air interfaces of GPRS and UMTS respectively), but also non-3GPP systems (for example Wi-Fi, WiMAX or CDMA2000).

GPRS core network
The GPRS core network is the central part of the general packet radio service (GPRS) which allows 2G, 3G and WCDMA mobile networks to transmit Internet Protocol (IP) or X.25 packets to external networks such as the Internet.  The GPRS system is an integrated part of the GSM network switching subsystem.

The network provides mobility management, session management and transport for IP packet services in GSM and WCDMA networks.  The core network also provides support for other functions such as billing and lawful interception.  It was also proposed, at one stage, to support packet radio services in the US D-AMPS TDMA system, however, in practice, all of these networks have been converted to GSM so this option has become irrelevant.

PRS module is an open standards driven system. The standardization body is the 3GPP.
Kaplan, Louisiana
Kaplan is a city in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 4,600 at the 2010 census, and 4,345 at the 2020 population estimates program. It is part of the Abbeville micropolitan statistical area in Acadiana.

Abbeville, Louisiana
Abbeville is a city in and the parish seat of Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States.  The population was 12,257 at the 2010 census. At the 2020 population estimates program, the population of the city was 11,927.  It is located 21 miles (34 km) southwest of Lafayette.
Dessie Grew
Desmond "Dessie" Grew (14 September 1953 – 9 October 1990) was a volunteer in the East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). Grew was killed by undercover Special Air Service soldiers in County Armagh in 1990 along with fellow IRA volunteer, Martin McCaughey who was also a Sinn Féin councillor.

Martin McCaughey
Gerard Patrick Martin McCaughey (24 February 1967 – 9 October 1990) was a Sinn Féin councillor and volunteer in the East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) from Aughnagar, Galbally, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. McCaughey was killed by undercover British Army soldiers in County Armagh in October 1990 along with fellow IRA volunteer, Dessie Grew.
Isaac ben Moses of Vienna
Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, also called Isaac Or Zarua or the Riaz, is considered to be one of the prominent rabbis of the Middle Ages. He was probably born in Bohemia, Prague and lived between 1200 and 1270.  He attained his fame in Vienna and his major work, the halachic guide known as the Or Zarua a compilation of halachic decisions and legal rulings, was very popular among Ashkenazic Jewry.  He was a member of the Ashkenazi Hasidim and studied under many scholars, including Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi, Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg,  Samson of Coucy and Eleazar of Worms. He was among the teachers of Meir of Rothenburg.

Eleazar of Worms
Eleazar of Worms (אלעזר מוורמייזא - also מגרמייזא of Garmiza or Garmisa) (c. 1176–1238), or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, also sometimes known today as Eleazar Rokeach ("Eleazar the Perfumer"  אלעזר רקח) from the title of his Book of the Perfumer (Sefer ha rokeah ספר הרקח)—where the numerical value of "Perfumer" (in Hebrew) is equal to Eleazar, was a prominent Kabbalist and halakhic authority, among the greatest of the Hasidei Ashkenaz and a disciple of Rabbi Judah the Pious.

He was the author of the Sefer ha-Rokeach (Rokeach in gematria = Eleazar), one of the Tosafists, and wrote many Kabbalistic works, most of which survive only in manuscript form. He served as a rabbi and judge in Worms, and instituted customs still observed in Ashkenazic communities today.

He was called "the Rokeach" after his book, though he was often mistakenly referred to as "Rabbi Eliezer of Germiza". Due to this confusion, he was sometimes wrongly identified as Eliezer the Great.
Hog Island (New York)
Hog Island was the name of two islands near Long Island, New York until the 1890s. One is the present day Barnum Island, which includes the villages of Island Park and Harbor Isle in Nassau County. The other was a  mile-long (1600 m) barrier island that existed to the south of Rockaway Beach in Queens before being mostly destroyed by the 1893 New York hurricane and completely lost to erosion and storm damage by 1902.

1893 New York hurricane
The 1893 New York hurricane, also known as the Midnight Storm,  was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that struck the New York City area in August 1893. First identified as a tropical storm on August 15, over the central Atlantic Ocean, the hurricane moved northwestward for most of its course, ultimately peaking with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure reading of 952 mbar (hPa; 28.11 inHg). It turned due northward as it approached the U.S. East Coast and struck western Long Island on August 24. It moved inland and quickly deteriorated, degenerating the next day.

The storm inflicted severe damage with storm tides as high as 30 ft (9 m). Trees were brought down, houses were demolished, and Hog Island was largely washed away by the cyclone. Several areas suffered extensive effects from the hurricane, and at least 34 sailors lost their lives. The storm is regarded as one of the most severe hurricanes to strike the city.
Suttor Developmental Road
The Suttor Developmental Road is a state-controlled regional road (number 82A) part of which is rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS).
It is a highway in the east of the Australian state of Queensland. It runs in SE–NW direction and has a length of 162 km. It connects the Peak Downs Highway with the Bowen Developmental Road. It is signed as State Route 11.

Bowen Developmental Road
Bowen Developmental Road is a state-controlled district road (numbers 88A and 88B) rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It is a rural strategic main road in Queensland, Australia. It is part of State Route 77, and functions as a highway. It has a length of 259 kilometres (161 mi) and extends in northeast-southwest direction from Bowen on the east coast of Australia to the Gregory Developmental Road in Belyando near Nairana National Park.

In its course, the road crosses the Clark Range and Leichhardt Range. Until the station Whynot it is paved. The last 70 kilometres (43 mi) were dirt road but some further sealing was done in 2021.

The highest point in the course of the highway is at 394 metres (1,293 ft), the lowest at 8 metres (26 ft).
Roesch House
The Roesch House is a historic U.S. home located at 1320 Highland Avenue, Melbourne, Florida. The house is owned by The Rossetter House Foundation, Inc., managed by the Florida Historical Society, and part of the Historic Rossetter House Museum.

The house was owned by William Roesch, the first mayor of Eau Gallie, Florida.

Historic Rossetter House Museum
The Historic Rossetter House Museum is located at 1320 Highland Avenue, Melbourne, Florida in the historic section of Eau Gallie. The museum consists of the James Wadsworth Rossetter House and Gardens (1908), the William P. Roesch House (1901), and the Houston Family Memorial Cemetery (1865). The museum is owned by The Rossetter House Foundation, Inc. and managed by the Florida Historical Society. The museum includes antiques and exhibits that explore local history.
Semiramide Appiano
Semiramide Appiano of Aragon (1464 – 9 March 1523) was an Italian noblewoman, daughter of the Lord of Piombino Jacopo III Appiano and wife of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici. She was the niece of the famous Simonetta Vespucci, Botticelli's muse.

Simonetta Vespucci
Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; c. 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed la bella Simonetta ("the fair Simonetta"), was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. She was known as the greatest beauty of her age in Italy, and was allegedly the model for many paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, and other Florentine painters. Some art historians have taken issue with these attributions, which the Victorian critic John Ruskin has been blamed for promulgating.