hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Karnal
The Battle of Karnal (Persian: نبرد کرنال) (24 February 1739) was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India. Nader's forces defeated the army of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah within three hours, paving the way for the Iranian sack of Delhi. The engagement is considered the crowning jewel in Nader's military career as well as a tactical masterpiece. The battle took place near Karnal in Haryana, 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Delhi, India. As a result of the overwhelming defeat of the Mughal Empire at Karnal, the already-declining Mughal dynasty was critically weakened to such an extent as to hasten its demise. According to Axworthy, it is also possible that without the ruinous effects of Nader's invasion of India, European colonial takeover of the Indian subcontinent would have come in a different form or perhaps not at all.

Nader Shah's invasion of India
In May 1738, Nader Shah, the ruler of Iran (1736–1747) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty, invaded Northern India, eventually sacking Delhi in March 1739. His army easily defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal and then occupied the Mughal capital.

Nader Shah's victory against the weak and crumbling Mughal Empire in the far east meant that he could afford to turn back and resume war against Persia's archrival, the neighbouring Ottoman Empire, as well as launch further campaigns in the North Caucasus and Central Asia.

The loss of the Mughal treasury, which was carried back to Persia, dealt the final blow to the effective power of the Mughal Empire in India.
Trade Union Unity League
The Trade Union Unity League (TUUL) was an industrial union umbrella organization under the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) between 1929 and 1935. The group was an American affiliate of the Red International of Labor Unions. The formation of the TUUL was the result of the Communist International's Third Period policy, which ordered affiliated Communist Parties to pursue a strategy of dual unionism and thus abandon attempts at "bore from within" existing trade unions. TUUL unions aimed to organize semi-skilled and unskilled workers, many whom had been expelled from the American Federation of Labor (AFL). According to the TUUL, the AFL was "an instrument of the capitalists for the exploitation of the workers."  Thus, the TUUL was formed as an organization in opposition to the AFL."

Profintern
The Red International of Labour Unions (Russian: Красный интернационал профсоюзов, romanized: Krasnyi internatsional profsoyuzov, RILU), commonly known as the Profintern (Russian: Профинтерн), was an international body established by the Communist International (Comintern) with the aim of coordinating communist activities within trade unions.

Formally established in 1921, the Profintern aimed to act as a counterweight to the influence of the so-called "Amsterdam International", the social-democratic International Federation of Trade Unions (founded in 1919), an organization which the Comintern branded as "class-collaborationist" and as an impediment to revolution. After entering a period of decline in the middle 1930s, the Profintern was finally dissolved in 1937 with the advent of Comintern's "Popular Front" policy.
Efnysien
Efnisien fab Euroswydd (also spelled Efnissien or Efnysien) is a sadistic anti-hero in Welsh mythology, appearing prominently in the tale of Branwen ferch Llŷr, the second branch of the Mabinogi. Described by Will Parker as "a study in the psychopathic personality" and an "embodiment of the forces of anti-social disruption," he is the catalyst of the tale's ultimate tragedy, and is largely responsible for the destruction of both Ireland and the Island of the Mighty. He is the son of Euroswydd and Penarddun, twin brother to Nisien, and half-brother to Brân the Blessed, Manawydan, and Branwen. The Welsh Triads call Llŷr one of the Three Exalted Prisoners of Britain for his captivity at Euroswydd's hands; this is likely to a lost tradition of the birth of Penarddun's younger sons.

Four Branches of the Mabinogi
The Four Branches of the Mabinogi or Pedair Cainc Y Mabinogi are the earliest prose stories in the literature of Britain. Originally written in Wales in Middle Welsh, but widely available in translations, the Mabinogi is generally agreed to be a single work in four parts, or "branches." The interrelated tales can be read as mythology, political themes, romances, or magical fantasies. The tales are popular today in book format, as storytelling or theatre performances; they appear in recordings and on film, and continue to inspire reinterpretations in artwork and modern fiction, such as the New Stories of the Mabinogion series and The Assembly of the Severed Head by Hugh Lupton.
Kidd-Davis House
The Kidd-Davis House, now hosting the Lincoln Parish Museum & Historical Society, is a historic house located at 609 North Vienna Street in Ruston, Louisiana, United States.

Built in 1886 by Charles H. Harris, the structure is a 1+1⁄2-story Italianate frame house remodeled in Colonial Revival style in c.1920. The property was originally purchased by Leroy Madison Kidd in 1885 from Robert E. Russ, and then sold to Charles H. Harris in 1886. Shortly after its construction, the house was sold to Captain Milton B. Kidd. In 1921 the property was purchased by Robert Wesley Davis.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 1984.

The Kidd-Davis house is now hosting the Lincoln Parish Museum & Historical Society, which also runs the Autrey House Museum, located in another enlisted historical property.

Autrey House
The Autrey House, now hosting the Autrey House Museum, is a historic house located at the junction of LA 151 and LA 152, about 1.1 miles (1.8 km) west of Dubach, Louisiana.

Built in 1849 by Absalom Autrey, the house is a rare example of dog trot house, as less than ten of these houses still remain in Louisiana.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 20, 1980.

The historical building is now hosting the Autrey House Museum, a satellite property of Lincoln Parish Museum & Historical Society, which is located in the enlisted Kidd-Davis House.
Battle of Trenčín
The Battle of Trenčín or Battle of Trencsén (German: Schlacht bei Trentschin, Hungarian: Trencséni csata, Slovak: Bitka pri Trenčíne) was fought between the Hungarian Kuruc forces of Francis II Rákóczi and the Imperial Army of the Habsburgs. It was part of Rákóczi's eight-year-long War of Independence.

The battle caused great losses for the Kuruc army, forcing them to give up their plans of obtaining allies in the War of the Spanish Succession against the Habsburgs. The battle also meant that the Habsburgs maintained their positions as the Kings of Hungary.

Rákóczi's War of Independence
Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711) was one of the most significant attempts to topple the rule of the Habsburgs over Hungary. The war was conducted by a group of noblemen and wealthy and high-ranking progressives and was led by Francis II Rákóczi; resigned soldiers and peasants also fought alongside the noblemen. The insurrection was unsuccessful, ending with the Treaty of Szatmár, but the Hungarian nobility managed to satisfy some of the Hungarian interests.
Chiral thin-layer chromatography
Chiral thin-layer chromatography is a variant of liquid chromatography that is employed for the separation of enantiomers. It is necessary to use either

a chiral stationary phase or

a chiral additive in the mobile phase.

The chiral stationary phase can be prepared by mixing chirally pure reagents such as L-amino acid, or brucine, or a chiral ligand exchange reagent with silica gel slurry, or by impregnation of the TLC plate in the solution of a chiral reagent.

The principle can also be applied to chemically modify the stationary phase before making the plate via bonding of the chiral moieties of interest to the reactive groups of the layer material.

Chiral column chromatography
Chiral column chromatography is a variant of column chromatography that is employed for the separation of chiral compounds, i.e. enantiomers, in mixtures such as racemates or related compounds. The chiral stationary phase (CSP) is made of a support, usually silica based, on which a chiral reagent or a macromolecule with numerous chiral centers is bonded or immobilized.

The chiral stationary phase can be prepared by attaching a chiral compound to the surface of an achiral support such as silica gel. For example, one class of the most commonly used chiral stationary phases both in liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography is based on oligosaccharides such as amylose, cellulose, or cyclodextrin (in particular with β-cyclodextrin, a seven sugar ring molecule) immobilized on silica gel.

The principle can be also applied to the fabrication of Monolithic HPLC columns or Gas Chromatography columns. or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography columns.
Proty
Proty is the name of two characters appearing in media published by DC Comics, primarily in association with the Legion of Super-Heroes. The original Proty first appears in Adventure Comics #308 (May 1963), where Chameleon Boy adopts him as a pet.

After Proty sacrifices itself to resurrect Lightning Lad, an identically-named Protean, dubbed "Proty II", is introduced as his successor. Following the reboot of the Legion's continuity in the 1994 event Zero Hour: Crisis in Time!, Proty has rarely been seen or referenced. The 1998 event DC One Million introduces Proty One Million, an 853rd-century member of the Justice Legion of Super-Zoomorphs inspired by Proty.

Garth Ranzz
Garth Ranzz, also known as Live Wire and Lightning Lad, is a superhero appearing in media published by DC Comics, usually those featuring the Legion of Super-Heroes, a 30th and 31st century group of which he is a founding member. He has the superhuman ability to generate electricity, usually in the form of lightning bolts.

Garth Ranzz as Lightning Lad has appeared in various media outside comics, primarily those featuring the Legion of Super-Heroes. He is voiced by Andy Milder in Legion of Super Heroes (2006) and portrayed by Calum Worthy in Smallville.
Z Society
The Z Society is a secret society that was founded at the University of Virginia in 1892.

The organization's membership chooses to remain anonymous because of the belief that service when provided anonymously, provides a unique philanthropic opportunity. After graduation, members may opt to wear Z Society rings. Selection for membership is considered an honor at the university.

The Z Society contributes significantly to the university through monetary donations, recognition events, such as a First-Year
Recognition Dinner, service opportunities, encouragement letters, and major awards such as the Edgar Shannon Award, presented to one student from each school during graduation, as well as the Distinguished Faculty Award, presented to one faculty member from the university every year.

Like the Seven Society and IMP Society, the Z Society is known to paint its symbol around university grounds.

University of Virginia secret societies
Secret societies have been a part of University of Virginia student life since the first class of students in 1825. While the number of societies peaked during the 75 years between 1875 and 1950, there are several newer societies and seven societies that have been active for more than 100 years, including Seven Society, Z Society, IMP Society, and Eli Banana. The earliest societies, Eli Banana and T.I.L.K.A. Society, function as social clubs. In contrast, the Z Society, IMP Society, and Seven Society have a record of philanthropy and contribution to the university. Some of the more recent societies focus on the recognition or disapprobation of positive and negative contributions to the university.
Haro Strait
The Haro Strait is one of the main channels connecting the Strait of Georgia to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, separating Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands in British Columbia, Canada from the San Juan Islands of Washington state in the United States.

The strait is a critical part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States. It stretches from the western terminus of the 49th parallel segment of that boundary, and was chosen by the arbitrator in the San Juan Islands dispute (Pig War) over the Rosario Strait.

Pig War (1859)
The Pig War was a confrontation in 1859 between the United States and the United Kingdom over the British–U.S. border in the San Juan Islands, between Vancouver Island (present-day Canada) and the Washington Territory (present-day State of Washington). The Pig War, so called because it was triggered by the shooting of a pig, is also called the Pig Episode, the Pig and Potato War, the San Juan Boundary Dispute, and the Northwestern Boundary Dispute. Despite being referred to as a "war", there were no human casualties on either side.
Touch probe
Touch probes are tools used for precision measurements in CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining processes. They work in a way similar to Coordinate-measuring devices. Probes are used to adjust different offsets when setting up a machining job. They can help make adjustments to tool lengths, diameter and length offsets as well as  measuring various other workpiece dimensions. Probing systems can significantly reduce the time required for tool changes and adjustments in work-holding setups, and can streamline manufacturing processes.

Coordinate-measuring machine
A coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) is a device that measures the geometry of physical objects by sensing discrete points on the surface of the object with a probe. Various types of probes are used in CMMs, the most common being mechanical and laser sensors, though optical and white light sensors do exist. Depending on the machine, the probe position may be manually controlled by an operator, or it may be computer controlled. CMMs specify a probe's position in terms of its displacement from a reference position in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (i.e., with XYZ axes). In addition to moving the probe along the X, Y, and Z axes, many machines also allow the probe angle to be controlled to allow measurement of surfaces that would otherwise be unreachable.
Peugeot 203
The Peugeot 203 is a small family car which was produced by the French car manufacturer Peugeot between 1948 and 1960.

The car was exhibited at the Paris Motor Show in 1947, but by then had already been under development for more than five years. Volume manufacturing was initially hampered by strikes and shortages of materials, but production got under way late in 1948, with buyers taking delivery of 203s from early 1949.

The 203 was Peugeot's first new model launched after World War II. During its twelve-year production run nearly 700,000 203s were assembled in Sochaux, France.  Between the demise of the 202 in 1949 and the launch of the 403 in 1955, the 203 was the only model produced by Peugeot.

Peugeot 403
The Peugeot 403 is a mid-size car manufactured and marketed by Peugeot between May 1955 and October 1966. A total of 1,214,121 of all types, including commercial models, were produced, making it the first Peugeot to exceed one million in sales.
St Helens Island
The St Helens Island, part of the Waterhouse Island Group, is a 51-hectare (130-acre) granite island situated in the Tasman Sea, lying close to the north-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia.

Other islands in the Waterhouse Group include Ninth, Tenth, Waterhouse, Little Waterhouse, Maclean, Baynes, Foster, Swan, Little Swan, Cygnet and Paddys islands and Bird Rock and George Rocks islets.

Waterhouse Island (Tasmania)
Waterhouse Island, part of the Waterhouse Island Group, is a 287-hectare (710-acre) granite island situated in Banks Strait, part of Bass Strait, lying close to the north-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia.

The Waterhouse Island Group includes the Waterhouse, Little Waterhouse, Swan, Little Swan, Cygnet, Foster, St Helens, Ninth, Tenth, Paddys, Maclean, and Baynes islands and the Bird Rock, and George Rocks islets with their associated reefs.
Jared Rosholt
Jared Rosholt is an American former mixed martial artist who competed in the Heavyweight division. A professional competitor from 2011 to 2019, Rosholt competed for the UFC, Titan FC, Professional Fighters League, and Legacy FC. He is the younger brother of former mixed martial artist and three-time NCAA Division I wrestling national champion Jake Rosholt.

Jake Rosholt
Jake Rosholt (born September 2, 1982) is an American retired mixed martial artist and former collegiate amateur wrestler. A professional competitor from 2007 to 2012, he competed for the UFC, WEC, Bellator, and Shark Fights. He is the older brother of former heavyweight MMA fighter and NCAA Division I wrestling championship finalist Jared Rosholt.
Joe Baksi
Joseph William Baksi (January 14, 1922 – August 6, 1977) was an American professional boxer who held the IAC world (duration) heavyweight title in 1944, and top 10 ranking throughout the 1940s and early 1950s. Baksi possessed one of the best iron chins in his weight class. He was only knocked down once, against Bruce Woodcock in 1947. During his prime, the former coal miner defeated fighters such as Tami Mauriello, Lee Savold, Lou Nova, Freddie Mills, and Bruce Woodcock.

Lee Savold
Lee Hulver Savold (March 22, 1915 – May 14, 1972) was an American professional boxer who held the British and European (BBBofC/EBU) versions of the World Heavyweight Championship between 1950 and 1951, and was a leading contender in the 1940s and early 1950s. During his career he fought storied Heavyweight Champions Joe Louis and Rocky Marciano. Savold was inducted into the Minnesota Boxing Hall of Fame in 2012.

Lee Savold's best selling trading card is the 1951 Topps Ringside (No. 52).

According to Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) records, the highest grade of this card is MINT (PSA 9) and "the second series of cards (No. 49 - No. 96) are somewhat more difficult to obtain than the first series."
Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2
Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 is a 2011 American comedy film. It is the sequel to 2008's Beverly Hills Chihuahua and the second film in the Beverly Hills Chihuahua series. Directed by Alex Zamm, and starring George Lopez, Odette Annable and Zachary Gordon, the film focuses on Papi and Chloe, now married with five puppies. The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on February 1, 2011, in a two-disc Blu-ray and DVD combo pack. With the exception of Lopez and Devine, none of the actors from the first film reprised their roles.

Another sequel, Beverly Hills Chihuahua 3: Viva la Fiesta!, was released on September 18, 2012.

Beverly Hills Chihuahua
Beverly Hills Chihuahua is a 2008 American comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures, the first in the Beverly Hills Chihuahua series. It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Piper Perabo, Jamie Lee Curtis and Manolo Cardona as the human leads, and Drew Barrymore, George Lopez and Andy García in voice roles. The plot centers on a female Chihuahua named Chloe, who is dognapped in Mexico and must escape from a Doberman predator, El Diablo, with help from a lonely German Shepherd, Delgado, and a hyperactive male Chihuahua, Papi, who has a desperate crush on her.

Beverly Hills Chihuahua was released in the United States on October 3, 2008. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $149 million on a $20 million budget. It was followed by two sequels, Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 in 2011, and Beverly Hills Chihuahua 3: Viva la Fiesta! in 2012.
Partido Republicano Puro
Partido Republicano Puro (Pure Republican Party), also known as Partido Constitucional Histórico, was a political party that existed in Puerto Rico from 1924 to 1932. The party's main goal was the annexation of Puerto Rico into the American Union as a state. It resulted from a split of Partido Republicano de Puerto Rico on May 4, 1924.  Its president was Rafael Martínez Nadal. The party dissolved in 1932 when it joined members of the conservative end of the Alianza Puertorriqueña to form Partido Unión Republicana (Republican Union Party).

Republican Union (Puerto Rico)
The Republican Union (Spanish: Unión Republicana) was a pro-statehood political party in Puerto Rico, that also contemplated total autonomy in the case that U.S. statehood was denied. Its president was Rafael Martínez Nadal. It existed from 1932 to 1940. Together with the Socialist Party, it was part of an electoral alliance known as Coalition.
Peter J. Ratcliffe
Sir Peter John Ratcliffe, FRS, FMedSci (born 14 May 1954) is a British physician-scientist who is trained as a nephrologist. He was a practising clinician at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine and head of the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford from 2004 to 2016. He has been a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford since 2004. In 2016 he became Clinical Research Director at the Francis Crick Institute, retaining a position at Oxford as a member of the Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research and director of the Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford.

Ratcliffe is best known for his work on cellular reactions to hypoxia, for which he shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William Kaelin Jr. and Gregg L. Semenza.

Gregg L. Semenza
Gregg Leonard Semenza (born July 12, 1956) is an American pediatrician and Professor of Genetic Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He serves as the director of the vascular program at the Institute for Cell Engineering. He is a 2016 recipient of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. He is known for his discovery of HIF-1, which allows cancer cells to adapt to oxygen-poor environments. He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine  for "discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" with William Kaelin Jr. and Peter J. Ratcliffe. Semenza has had thirteen research papers retracted due to issues such as duplicated images and potential data manipulation.
Erysimum mediohispanicum
Erysimum mediohispanicum is a perennial short-lived monocarpic herb found in many montane regions of eastern Spain where it is distributed between 800–2,000 m above sea level and inhabits forests, scrublands, and shrublands. It occupies two main regions in the Iberian Peninsula, one in the north (Soria to Lleida) and the other in the south-east (Granada, Albacete, Jaén, and Almería provinces). Erysimum mediohispanicum may be treated as one of a group or complex of six closely related species, or as Erysimum nevadense subsp. mediohispanicum.

Erysimum nevadense
Erysimum nevadense is a perennial short-lived herb endemic to the Sierra Nevada of Spain, although there are some citations in the nearby Sierra de Gádor (Almería). This wallflower occurs between 1,700 and 2,700 m above sea level in subalpine scrublands and alpine meadows. It may be treated as a narrowly circumscribed single species, one of a group or complex of six separate species, or as a more broadly circumscribed species with six subspecies.