hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hisham's Palace
Hisham's Palace (Arabic: قصر هشام Qaṣr Hishām), also known as Khirbat al-Mafjar (Arabic: خربة المفجر), is an important early Islamic archaeological site in the city of Jericho, in the West Bank in Palestine. Built by the Umayyad dynasty in the first half of the 8th century, it is one of the so-called Umayyad desert castles. It is located 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Jericho's city center, in an area governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The palace was used until the 11th century, and it may have been destroyed by an earthquake in 1033.

Spreading over 60 hectares (150 acres), the site consists of three main parts: a palace, an ornate bath complex, and an agricultural estate. The entire complex – palace, baths, and farm – was connected to nearby springs by an elaborate water system. The site is on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites and has been open to the public since 2021.

Desert castles
The desert castles or qasrs are often called Umayyad desert castles, since the vast majority of these fortified palaces or castles were built by the Umayyad dynasty in their province of Bilad ash-Sham, with a few Abbasid exceptions. The desert castles of Jordan represent a prominent part of this group of buildings, with most Umayyad "desert castles" being scattered over the semi-arid regions of north-eastern Jordan, with several more in Syria, Israel and the West Bank (Palestine), just one in Lebanon, and just one Abbasid exception in Iraq.
Richard Ashcroft
Richard Paul Ashcroft (born 11 September 1971) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. He formed the alternative rock band the Verve in 1990 and served as the sole songwriter, lead singer and rhythm guitarist throughout the band's lifetime. In 2000, Ashcroft embarked on a solo career, releasing six UK top-three solo albums, including Alone with Everybody, Keys to the World and These People.

Ashcroft's songwriting has been commended by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors twice with an Ivor Novello Award. The Verve's Urban Hymns is one of the UK's best-selling albums of all time. Ashcroft's work has influenced artists such as Oasis, Coldplay, and the Britpop and indie rock genres. Noel Gallagher of Oasis described Ashcroft as a "genius", and Chris Martin of Coldplay called him "the best singer in the world".

On 10 October 2025, Ashcroft released his seventh studio album, Lovin' You.

Chris Martin
Christopher Anthony John Martin (born 2 March 1977) is an English singer, songwriter, musician and producer. He is best known as the vocalist, pianist and co-founder of the rock band Coldplay.

Born in Exeter, Martin went to University College London, where he formed Coldplay with Jonny Buckland, Guy Berryman and Will Champion. The band signed with Parlophone in 1999, finding global fame with Parachutes (2000) and subsequent albums. He has won seven Grammy Awards and nine Brit Awards as part of Coldplay. Having sold more than 160 million records worldwide, they are the most successful group of the 21st century. The Independent and the Evening Standard have named Martin one of the most influential figures in the United Kingdom, while American Songwriter ranked him among the best male singers of the 21st century.
PolyU School of Design
The PolyU School of Design (also known as PolyU Design) is one of the ten schools and faculties of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The school was established in 1964 as a department in the Hong Kong Technical College. As of 2020, PolyU Design ranks 2nd in Asia and 15th in the world for art and design in QS World Rankings.

Hong Kong Polytechnic University
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU or HKPU) is a public university in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The university is one of the eight government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. Founded in 1937 as the first Government Trade School, it is the first institution to provide technical education in Hong Kong. In 1994, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong passed a bill which granted the former Hong Kong Polytechnic official university status.

PolyU consists of 7 Faculties, 4 Schools and 1 College, offering programmes covering business, computer and mathematical sciences, construction & environment, engineering, health & social science, humanities, design, fashion & textiles, hotel and tourism management.
Kostas Botsaris
Kostas (Kitsos) Botsaris (Greek: Κώστας (Κίτσος) Μπότσαρης; c. 1792 – 1853), also known as Constantine Botzaris, was a Greek general and senator. He was also a captain and a hero of the War of Greek Independence. He fought at the Battle of Karpenisi and completed the victory of his brother, the renowned Markos Botsaris.

Markos Botsaris
Markos Botsaris (Greek: Μάρκος Μπότσαρης; 1790 – 21 August 1823) was a Souliot chieftain, general of the Greek revolutionary army and hero of the Greek War of Independence. He played a key role in relieving the First Siege of Missolonghi in 1822–1823 and was awarded the title of General of Western Greece by the revolutionary Greek government. He was killed during the Battle of Karpenisi and was buried in Missolonghi with full honors. Botsaris is among the most revered national heroes in Greece.
Utah State Legislature
The Utah State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. It is a bicameral body, comprising the Utah House of Representatives, with 75 state representatives, and the Utah Senate, with 29 state senators. There are no term limits for either chamber.

The Legislature convenes at the Utah State Capitol in the state capital of Salt Lake City. In 2020, voters approved an amendment to the state constitution that changed the legislative start date from a constitutionally mandated fourth Monday of January to a date set by state law (thereby making it easier to change the start date if necessary). Current state law requires the start date of the Utah State Legislature to be the first Tuesday after the third Monday in January  for an annual 45-day session.

Utah State Senate
The Utah State Senate is the upper house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The Utah Senate is composed of 29 elected members, each representing one senate district. Each senate district is composed of approximately 95,000 people. Members of the Senate are elected to four-year terms without term limits. The Senate convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.

The last elections were held in 2024.
Socialist Party of British Columbia
The Socialist Party of British Columbia (SPBC) was a provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada, from 1901 to 1905. In 1903, the SPBC won seats in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

The editor of the SPBC newspaper, the Western Clarion, was E. T. Kingsley, a prominent Canadian socialist.

It merged with other groups in 1905 to form a national political party, the Socialist Party of Canada (SPC). In 1911, the Socialist Party of Canada (BC section) members joined the new Social Democratic Party of Canada, the earliest example of political party reform in British Columbia and Canada.

The Socialist Party of Canada in British Columbia joined the BC Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in 1933.

Western Clarion
The Western Clarion was a newspaper launched in January 1903 that became the official organ of the Socialist Party of Canada (SPC).
At one time it was the leading left-wing newspaper in Canada. It lost influence after 1910–11 when various groups broke away from the SPC.
During World War I (1914–14) the Western Clarion was internationalist and denounced a war in which workers fought while others profited.
Following the Russian Revolution it adopted a pro-Bolshevik stance,
The paper was banned in 1918, but allowed to resume publication in 1920.
Its circulation dwindled as SPC membership dwindled, and the last issue appeared in 1925.
Galina Arsenkina
Galina Petrovna Arsenkina (Russian: Гали́на Петро́вна Арсе́нькина; born 6 June 1991 in Zelenograd) is a retired Russian curler from Moscow. She competed at the 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics as the second on the Olympic Athletes from Russia and Russian Olympic Committee women's curling teams, skipped by Victoria Moiseeva and Alina Kovaleva respectively. She won two medals at the World Women's Curling Championship: a silver in 2021 and a bronze in 2018. She was also the second on Team Moiseeva when they won the 2016 European Curling Championships.

Alina Kovaleva
Alina Romanovna Kovaleva (Russian: Алина Романовна Ковалёва; born 18 February 1993) is a Russian curler from Saint Petersburg. Her major achievement to date was winning the 2015 European Curling Championships as alternate. Kovaleva is Merited Master of Sports of Russia (2016).
Bagong Mountain Scenic Spot
Bagong Mountain Scenic Spot (Chinese: 八公山风景区) is a national AAAA level scenic spot. It locates at Bagongshan District, Huainan, Anhui province. Mountain Bagong, known as a famous historic mountain, has many stories and legends like "ride/hang on someone's coattails"(Chinese: 一人得道鸡犬升天). Bagongshan Toufu created by Liu An is well known across the world and it plays an irreplaceable role in Chinese cuisine. Besides, Bagongshan is the originating place of creatures. Fossils of Huainan, commonly known as "Huainan worm" was formed 800 million years ago. It is by far the Earth's earliest ancient fossils ever found by the international geological community entitled it as the "Blue Planet" on the source of life.

Bagongshan, Huainan
Bagongshan (Chinese: 八公山区; pinyin: Bāgōngshān Qū) is a district of the city of Huainan, Anhui Province, China.

The district is famous for its beef soup, often eaten for breakfast, its tofu, and for being the located of Bagong Mountain Scenic Spot.
IT risk
Information technology risk, IT risk, IT-related risk, or cyber risk is any risk relating to information technology. While information has long been appreciated as a valuable and important asset, the rise of the knowledge economy and the Digital Revolution has led to organizations becoming increasingly dependent on information, information processing and especially IT.  Various events or incidents that compromise IT in some way can therefore cause adverse impacts on the organization's business processes or mission, ranging from inconsequential to catastrophic in scale.

Assessing the probability or likelihood of various types of event/incident with their predicted impacts or consequences, should they occur, is a common way to assess and measure IT risks.  Alternative methods of measuring IT risk typically involve assessing other contributory factors such as the threats, vulnerabilities, exposures, and asset values.

Threat (computer security)
In computer security, a threat is a potential negative action or event enabled by a vulnerability that results in an unwanted impact to a computer system or application.

A threat can be either a negative "intentional" event (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or an "accidental" negative event (e.g. the possibility of a computer malfunctioning, or the possibility of a natural disaster event such as an earthquake, a fire, or a tornado) or otherwise a circumstance, capability, action, or event (incident is often used as a blanket term). A threat actor who is an individual or group that can perform the threat action, such as exploiting a vulnerability to actualise a negative impact. An exploit is a vulnerability that a threat actor used to cause an incident.
Spring Lane tram stop
Spring Lane is a tram stop on the South Yorkshire Supertram network, opened on 22 August 1994. It is located on Park Grange Road, and was the terminus of the line before it was extended further to Gleadless Townend and Halfway later on.

Gleadless Townend tram stop
Gleadless Townend is a tram stop on the South Yorkshire Supertram network, opened on 5 December 1994. It is located on Ridgeway Road, in Gleadless, north of the White Lane road junction. This stop used to be the terminus of the line before it was extended further to Halfway and Herdings Park in 1995.
Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 14
Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) is a launch site at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Part of the Missile Row lineup of launch sites in the region, LC-14 was used for various crewed and uncrewed Atlas launches, including the February 1962 Friendship 7 flight aboard which John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth.

LC-14 is currently leased to Stoke Space for their Nova launch vehicle.

Mercury-Atlas 6
Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) was the first crewed American orbital spaceflight, which took place on February 20, 1962. Piloted by astronaut John Glenn and operated by NASA as part of Project Mercury, it was the fifth human spaceflight, preceded by Soviet orbital flights Vostok 1 and 2 and American sub-orbital flights Mercury-Redstone 3 and 4.

The Mercury spacecraft, named Friendship 7, was carried to orbit by an Atlas LV-3B launch vehicle lifting off from Launch Complex 14 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. After three orbits, the spacecraft re-entered the Earth's atmosphere, splashed down in the North Atlantic Ocean, and was safely taken aboard USS Noa. The total mission flight time was 4 hours 55 minutes and 23 seconds.
Wuustwezel
Wuustwezel (Dutch pronunciation: [ʋystˈʋeːzəl]) is a municipality located in the north of the Belgian province of Antwerp.

The municipality as it is now originated in 1977, when Wuustwezel merged with the municipality of Loenhout. It now consists of three major villages, Wuustwezel proper, Gooreind and Loenhout, and two minor hamlets, Braken and Sterbos.

In 2021, Wuustwezel had a total population of 21,346. The total area is 89.43 km2.

The Azencross Loenhout is a December cyclo-cross competition, which is part of the BPost Bank Trophy. The largest bloemencorso (flower parade) of Belgium is held in Loenhout. All the villages and hamlets in the area compete who has the most beautiful floats made out of flowers.

Its neighbouring municipalities are Zundert in the Netherlands, Kalmthout, Kapellen, Brasschaat, Brecht and Hoogstraten.

Wuustwezel has the postal code 2990.

Loenhout
Loenhout is a village and deelgemeente (sub-municipality) of the municipality of Wuustwezel in the province of Antwerp, Belgium. The village is located near the Dutch border, and about 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of the city of Antwerp.
Higher Education Funding Council for Wales
The Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW) was the Welsh Government Sponsored Body responsible for funding the higher education sector. It was replaced by Medr, the Commission for Tertiary Education and Research from August 2024.

Medr
Medr (Welsh for 'skill' / 'ability'), also known as the Commission for Tertiary Education and Research (CTER; Welsh: Y Comisiwn Addysg Drydyddol ac Ymchwil), is a tertiary educational and Welsh Government sponsored body, overseeing post-16 education and research in Wales. It was established in August 2024, replacing the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales.
New York State Route 94
New York State Route 94 (NY 94) is a state highway entirely within Orange County in southern New York. The western terminus is at the New York–New Jersey state line, where it continues as New Jersey's Route 94 for another 46 miles (74 km) to Columbia, New Jersey. Its eastern terminus is located at U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) in New Windsor. From Warwick to Florida, NY 94 is concurrent with NY 17A. The entirety of NY 94 is known as the 94th Infantry Division Memorial Highway.

NY 94 was originally designated as NY 45 in 1930. It was renumbered to NY 94 on January 1, 1949. The portion of the route between Warwick and Florida was part of NY 55 during the late 1920s.

U.S. Route 9W
U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the states of New Jersey and New York. It begins in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as Fletcher Avenue crosses the US 1/9, US 46, and Interstate 95 (I-95) approaches to the George Washington Bridge, and heads north up the west side of the Hudson River to US 9 in Albany, New York. As its "W" suffix indicates, US 9W is a westerly alternate route of US 9 between the two locations. US 9W directly serves three cities—Newburgh, Kingston, and Albany—and enters the vicinity of several others. As the route heads north, it connects to several highways of regional importance, including I-84, US 209, New York State Route 23 (NY 23), and US 20. Much of US 9W parallels the New York State Thruway and NY 32; additionally, the latter overlaps with US 9W in four locations.
Illarion Pryanishnikov
Illarion Mikhailovich Pryanishnikov (Russian: Илларион Михайлович Прянишников; 20 March [O.S. 1 April] 1840 – 24 March [O.S. 12 March] 1894) was a Russian painter, one of the founders of the Peredvizhniki artistic cooperative, which broke away from the rigors of their time and became one of the most important Russian art schools of the late 19th century.

Peredvizhniki
Peredvizhniki (Russian: передви́жники, IPA: [pɪrɪˈdviʐnɪkɪ]), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restrictions; it evolved into the Society for Travelling Art Exhibitions, in short Peredvizhniks, in 1870.
LiveScript (programming language)
LiveScript is a functional programming language that transpiles to JavaScript. It was created by Jeremy Ashkenas, the creator of CoffeeScript, along with Satoshi Muramaki, George Zahariev, and many others. (The name may be a homage to the beta name of JavaScript; for a few months in 1995, it was called LiveScript before the official release.)

CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript is a programming language that compiles to JavaScript. It adds syntactic sugar inspired by Ruby, Python, and Haskell in an effort to enhance JavaScript's brevity and readability. Some added features include list comprehension and destructuring assignment.

CoffeeScript support is included in Ruby on Rails version 3.1 and Play Framework. In 2011, Brendan Eich referenced CoffeeScript as an influence on his thoughts about the future of JavaScript.
Polish Socialist Youth Union
The Polish Socialist Youth Union (Polish: Związek Socjalistycznej Młodzieży Polskiej, ZSMP) is an old youth group based in Warsaw. Founded in 1976 under the communist rule from the merger of Union of Socialist Youth together with two other organizations, the ZSMP is a former member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth. It formed the youth faction of the Polish United Workers' Party.

Union of Socialist Youth (Poland)
Union of Socialist Youth (Polish: Związek Młodzieży Socjalistycznej) (ZMS) was a Communist youth movement, the main youth organization in the Polish People's Republic from 1957 to 1976 when it was merged with two other organizations to create the Polish Socialist Youth Union.
Stanley Meador
Stanley Meador is an American government official who is currently serving as the 10th Virginia Secretary of Public Safety and Homeland Security under Governor Abigail Spanberger. A former FBI agent, he served as Special Agent-in-Charge of the Richmond Field Office from 2021 to 2025.

Virginia Secretary of Public Safety
The secretary of public safety and homeland security is a Virginia government executive that serves as a member of the Virginia Governor's Cabinet. The current nominee for the position is Stanley Meador, appointed by Governor Abigail Spanberger.
Mutants Down Under
Mutants Down Under is the third supplement to the After the Bomb setting of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness role-playing game. It was published by Palladium Books in June 1988 and uses the Palladium Megaversal system.

After the Bomb (game)
After the Bomb is a role-playing game originally published by Palladium Books in January 1986. It uses Palladium's Megaversal system and features mutant animals – anthropomorphic and otherwise – in a post-apocalyptic setting.
Nikki (DC Thomson)
Nikki for Girls was a DC Thomson British girls' comic which lasted for 237 issues, between 23 February 1985 and 2 September 1989. Its target age group was the last years of primary school and first years of senior school. It was the last new title launched by DC Thomson. It is notable for the strip The Comp, which began in its first issue and continued in Bunty after Nikki folded.

Bunty
Bunty was a British comic for girls published by D. C. Thomson & Co. from 1958 to 2001. It consisted of a collection of many small strips, the stories typically being three to five pages long. In contrast to earlier and contemporary comics, it was aimed primarily at working-class readers under the age of 14, and contained mostly fictional stories. Well-known regular strips from Bunty include The Four Marys, Bunty — A Girl Like You, Moira Kent, Lorna Drake, Luv, Lisa, The Comp, and Penny's Place.
Asmara Brewery
Asmara Brewery (formerly Melotti Brewery) is a brewery in Eritrea. The brewery was founded in 1938. The brewery was nationalized by the Derg during the Eritrean War of Independence. The brewery operates a football team, which plays in the Eritrean Premier League. The factory has over 600 employees.

Asmara Brewery FC
Asmara Brewery FC or Asmara Birra is an Eritrean football club based in Asmara and founded in 1944 (with the original 1936 name GS Melotti). It is linked and economically maintained by the Asmara Brewery.
Graphic matroid
In the mathematical theory of matroids, a graphic matroid (also called a cycle matroid or polygon matroid) is a matroid whose independent sets are the forests in a given finite undirected graph. The dual matroids of graphic matroids are called co-graphic matroids or bond matroids. A matroid that is both graphic and co-graphic is sometimes called a planar matroid (but this should not be confused with matroids of rank 3, which generalize planar point configurations); these are exactly the graphic matroids formed from planar graphs.

Matroid
In combinatorics, a matroid /ˈmeɪtrɔɪd/ is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats. In the language of partially ordered sets, a finite simple matroid is equivalent to a geometric lattice.

Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction of various notions of central importance in these fields. Matroids have found applications in geometry, topology, combinatorial optimization, network theory, and coding theory.
Margaret Isabelle McHenry
Margaret Isabelle McHenry (née Doheny) (26 May 1860 – 26 May 1932), was an American-Canadian heiress, benefactor of the Catholic Church and president of the Catholic Women's League of Canada. The only daughter of socialite Alice Ryan and Michael Doheny, Margaret was a member of the influential Irish-Canadian Ryan family on her mother's side; including her godfather, industrialist Hugh Ryan, and uncle, railway magnate John Ryan.

Alice Ryan
Alice Doheny (née Ryan; 16 July 1830 – 27 October 1906) was an Irish-Canadian heiress, suffragette, sister of railway magnates Hugh Ryan and John Ryan, and mother of heiress Margaret Isabelle McHenry. The daughter John Patrick Ryan and Margaret Conway, Ryan moved with her family to Montreal, Canada, after her father sold Gortkelly Castle to another branch of the Ryan clan in Tipperary.