hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pomerania-Neustettin
The Duchy of Pomerania-Neustettin, also known as the Duchy of Neustettin, and the Duchy of Szczecinek, was a feudal duchy of the Holy Roman Empire located in Middle Pomerania. It existed between 1372 and 1478. Its capital was Szczecinek. It was formed from the part of the territories Pomerania-Wolgast on 8 June 1368 and existed until 1390 when it was incorporated back into Pomerania-Wolgast. Its only ruler was Duke Wartislaw V of the House of Griffins.

Pomerania-Wolgast
The Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast, also known as the Duchy of Wolgast, and the Duchy of Wołogoszcz, was a feudal duchy in Western Pomerania within the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Wolgast. It was ruled by the Griffin dynasty. It existed in the Late Middle Ages era from 1295 to 1478.

The state was formed in 1160, in the partition of the Duchy of Pomerania, with duke Bogislaw IV, as its first ruler. In 1478, the state was incorporated into the re-unified Duchy of Pomerania, under the rule of duke Bogislaw X. During its existence, part of its territory was partitioned into Pomerania-Stolp (1368), Pomerania-Neustettin (1368), Pomerania-Barth (1376), and Pomerania-Stargard (1377).
Snaffle bit
A snaffle bit is the most common type of bit used while riding horses. It consists of a mouthpiece and two rings. The mouthpieces may be jointed. A snaffle gives direct pressure on the horse's mouth and has no leveraging shank. A bridle utilizing only a snaffle bit is often called a "snaffle bridle", particularly in English riding. A double bridle carries two bits, a curb bit and a thin snaffle called a "bradoon".

Bit mouthpiece
The mouthpiece is the part of a horse's bit that goes into the mouth of a horse, resting on the bars of the mouth in the sensitive interdental space where there are no teeth.  The mouthpiece is possibly the most important determinant in the severity and action of the bit. Some mouthpieces are not allowed in dressage competition.

The other parts of the bit are the bit rings on a snaffle bit, and the shanks on a curb bit.  These pieces do not go inside the mouth, but rather are the parts of a bit that are outside the mouth, where the bridle and reins attach.
Segovellauni
The Segovellauni (Gaulish: *Segouellaunoi, 'chiefs-of-victory') were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Drôme department, near the present-day city of Valence, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

Little is known about the early history of the Segovellauni. After 121 BC, their territory was annexed to the province of Gallia Transalpina by the Roman Republic. In 62 BC, their oppidum Ventia was destroyed by the Roman legate Manlius Lentinus during the revolt of the Allobroges. By the 1st century AD, the Segovellauni were part of the Cavarian confederation.

Allobroges
The Allobroges (Gaulish: *Allobrogis, 'foreigner, exiled'; Ancient Greek: Ἀλλοβρίγων, Ἀλλόβριγες) were a Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône river and the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Allobroges came relatively late to Gaul compared to most other tribes of Gallia Narbonensis; they first appear in historical records in connection with Hannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC. Their territory was subsequently annexed to Rome in 121 BC by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus. An attempted revolt was crushed by Gaius Pomptinus in 61 BC. However, they had rejected the second Catilinarian conspiracy in 63 BC. During the Gallic Wars, the Allobroges did not side with Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia in 52 BC.
.308 Winchester
The .308 Winchester is a smokeless powder rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge widely used for hunting, target shooting, police, military, and personal protection applications globally. It is similar, but not identical, to the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.

7.62×51mm NATO
The 7.62×51mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 7.62 NATO) is a rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire rifle cartridge. It is a standard for small arms among NATO countries.

First developed in the 1940s, the cartridge had first been introduced in U.S. service in 1954 for the M14 rifle and M60 machine gun.

The later adoption of the 5.56×45mm NATO intermediate cartridge and assault rifles as standard infantry weapon systems by NATO militaries started a trend to phase out the 7.62×51mm NATO in that role.
Many other firearms that use the 7.62×51mm NATO fully powered cartridge remain in service today, especially various designated marksman rifles/sniper rifles and medium machine guns/general-purpose machine guns (e.g. M24 Sniper Rifle and M240 Medium Machine Gun). The cartridge is also used on mounted and crew-served weapons that are mounted to vehicles, aircraft, and ships.
Antonino Calderone
Antonino Calderone  (24 October 1935 – 10 January 2013) was a Sicilian Mafioso who turned state witness (pentito) in 1987 after his arrest in 1986.

Antonino was born in Catania, the brother of Giuseppe Calderone, the boss of the local Mafia. Antonino's memoirs, Men of Dishonor: Inside the Sicilian Mafia, were published in 1992 with Antimafia sociologist Pino Arlacchi and are considered a handbook for understanding Cosa Nostra and the life of a mafioso. It was translated into many languages.

Giuseppe Calderone
Giuseppe “Pippo” Calderone (Catania, 1 November 1925 – Catania, 8 September 1978) was an influential Sicilian mafioso from Catania, eventually becoming the capo of the Catania Mafia family.

He became the ‘secretary’ of the Interprovincial Commission, formed around 1975 at his instigation. Its purpose was to coordinate the provincial Mafia commissions and avoid conflicts over public contracts that crossed provincial borders. Calderone was killed in 1978, on the orders of Totò Riina.
Manga Time Kirara Forward
Manga Time Kirara Forward (まんがタイムきららフォワード, Manga Taimu Kirara Fowādo) is a Japanese seinen manga magazine published by Houbunsha. The magazine is sold on the 24th of each month. Forward was the fourth magazine in the Manga Time Kirara line to be published, the first three being Manga Time Kirara, Manga Time Kirara Carat, and Manga Time Kirara Max. It differs from its sister magazines in that it is the only one to not feature 4-Koma manga. The first issue was released on March 23rd 2006 as a special edition of Manga Time Kirara. The first independent issue was released on August 24, 2007.

Manga Time Kirara Carat
Manga Time Kirara Carat (まんがタイムきららキャラット, Manga Taimu Kirara Kyaratto) is a Japanese seinen manga magazine published by Houbunsha and mainly consisting of four-panel comic strips. It is released on the 28th of each month. The first issue was released on January 18th 2003 as a special edition of Manga Time Kirara. The first independent issue was released on September 28th 2005.
Pontefract cake
Pontefract cakes (also known as Pomfret cakes and Pomfrey cakes) are a type of small, roughly circular black sweet. They measure approximately 0.75 in (19 mm) wide and 0.16 in (4 mm) thick, are made of liquorice and were originally manufactured in the West Yorkshire town of Pontefract, England.

Pontefract
Pontefract is a historic market town in the City of Wakefield, a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England. It lies to the east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it had a population of 30,881 at the 2011 Census.

Pontefract's motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for "After the death of the father, support the son", a reference to the town's Royalist sympathies in the English Civil War. Small villages and settlements in the immediate area include Stapleton.
Major League Eating
Major League Eating (MLE) is an organization that oversees professional competitive eating events and television specials. The league airs its annual Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating Contest on ESPN.

Brothers Richard and George Shea took over Nathan's publicity in the mid-1990s and were able to increase the exposure and attendance of Nathan's hot dog eating contest. Seeing a business opportunity, the brothers founded International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE) in 1997 as a sanctioning body to oversee, regulate, and organize events and TV deals. IFOCE's professional league became known as Major League Eating.

Major League Eating coordinates events in the United States and Canada.

Competitive eating
Competitive eating, or speed eating, is a sport in which participants compete against each other to eat large quantities of food, usually in a short time period. Contests are typically eight to ten minutes long, although some competitions can last up to thirty minutes, with the person consuming the most food being declared the winner. Competitive eating is most popular in the United States, Canada, and Japan, where organized professional eating contests often offer prizes, including cash.
Jordan Wood
Jordan Wood (born 1 August 1994) is an Australian canoeist. He competed in the men's K-2 200 metres and men's K-4 1000 metres events at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Wood teamed up with Lachlan Tame, Murray Stewart and Riley Fitzsimmons in the men's K-4 500m at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. The team came second in their heat with a time of 1.22:662. In their semi-final they paddled quite a bit slower but still managed to come second and qualify for the final. They couldn't keep up their good form and came sixth in the final, nearly 3 seconds behind the eventual winner, Germany.

Riley Fitzsimmons
Riley Fitzsimmons (born 27 July 1996) is an Australian sprint canoeist.

He competed in the men's K-4 1000 metres at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, and in both the men's K-2 1000 metres and men's K-4 500 metres at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He teamed up with Murray Stewart, Lachlan Tame and Jordan Wood in the Men's K-4 500m sprint. The team did well in the heats clocking 1:22.662, came second in the semi-final but couldn't repeat their best time in the final coming sixth behind the eventual winner, Germany.

Fitzsimmons began kayaking as a mean of improving his surf ski performance. He has cited Australian Olympic bronze medalist Lachlan Tame as his greatest influence.
FIBA Stanković Continental Champions' Cup
The FIBA Stanković Continental Champions’ Cup, also known as FIBA Borislav Stanković World Cup and FIBA Mini Basketball World Cup, is an international tournament of basketball for men's national teams. It is held annually by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). The tournament is organized in order to help promote the growth of the sport of basketball in the country of China. The first two editions of the tournament, the 2005 Stanković Cup and the 2006 Stanković Cup, were true World Cup competitions, as they included the champions of the various FIBA regional zones.

2005 FIBA Stanković Continental Champions' Cup
The 2005 FIBA Stanković Continental Champions' Cup, or 2005 FIBA Stanković World Cup, was the first edition of the FIBA Stanković Continental Champions' Cup tournament. It was held in Beijing, from July 26 to July 31.
John Euliano Park
John Euliano Park, formerly Jay Bergman Field, is a baseball stadium located on the main campus of the University of Central Florida near Orlando in Orange County, Florida, USA. The stadium serves as the home of the UCF Knights baseball team.

UCF Knights baseball
The UCF Knights baseball team represents The University of Central Florida in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. The Knights compete in the Big 12 Conference. The Knights play their home games on UCF's main campus in Orlando, Florida at John Euliano Park.
Leishenshan Hospital
Leishenshan Hospital (Chinese: 雷神山医院; lit. 'Mount Thunder God Hospital') was an emergency specialty field hospital built in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The facility is located at No.3 Parking Lot of the Athletes Village in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei. Stage one of construction was completed on 6 February 2020, and the hospital opened on 8 February 2020. Along with the Huoshenshan Hospital, a further sixteen other temporary treatment facilities were set up for isolation and treatment of COVID-19 cases. Leishenshan and Huoshenshan hospitals were closed on 15 April 2020.

Huoshenshan Hospital
Huoshenshan Hospital (Chinese: 火神山医院; pinyin: Huǒshénshān Yīyuàn; lit. 'Mount Fire God Hospital') was an emergency specialty field hospital, built between 23 January and 2 February 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The facility is located near Zhiyin Lake (知音湖) in the Caidian District, Wuhan, Hubei, China, next to the Wuhan Workers' Sanatorium (武汉职工疗养院), and is designed to treat people with COVID-19. The hospital has run under the jurisdiction and management of the People's Liberation Army since its completion. A second field hospital, Leishenshan Hospital, using the same design, opened on 8 February, A further sixteen other temporary treatment facilities were set up in converted buildings in Wuhan for isolation and treatment of COVID-19 cases. Huoshenshan and Leishenshan hospitals were closed on 15 April after community transmission stopped in China, almost a month after the other temporary facilities had been closed.
Trey Grayson
Charles Merwin "Trey" Grayson III (born April 18, 1972) is an American politician and attorney who is a member at Frost Brown Todd and a principal at CivicPoint. A former Secretary of State of Kentucky, Grayson was a candidate in the 2010 Republican primary to replace retiring U.S. Senator Jim Bunning, losing to Rand Paul, the Tea Party favorite. He later was the director of the Harvard Institute of Politics. Grayson also was CEO of the Northern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce.

Rand Paul
Randal Howard Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American politician serving as the junior United States senator from Kentucky since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he is the chair of the Senate Homeland Security Committee.

Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Paul has described himself as a constitutional conservative and a supporter of the Tea Party movement.  His libertarian views have been compared to those of his father, three-time presidential candidate and 12-term U.S. representative from Texas, Ron Paul. Paul attended Baylor University and is a graduate of the Duke University School of Medicine. He was a practicing ophthalmologist in Bowling Green, Kentucky, from 1993 until his election to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He was re-elected in 2016 and won a third term in 2022. Paul was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
Rick Holmstrom
Rick Holmstrom (born May 30, 1965) is an American electric blues and rhythm and blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.  Holmstrom has previously worked with William Clarke, Johnny Dyer, and Rod Piazza. He is currently the bandleader for Mavis Staples. In addition, Holmstrom has played and recorded with Jimmy Rogers, Billy Boy Arnold, Booker T. Jones, Jody Williams, and R. L. Burnside.

One critic observed of Holmstrom, "he delivers music with technical savvy and traditional stylings, without sacrificing originality and pure adventure".

Johnny Dyer
Johnny Dyer (December 7, 1938 – November 11, 2014) was an American electric blues harmonicist and singer. He made numerous recordings, both as a solo performer and with other musicians. He was nominated for a Blues Music Award,
Sketchbook
A sketchbook is a book or pad with blank pages for sketching and is frequently used by artists for drawing or painting as a part of their creative process. Some also use  sketchbooks as a sort of blueprint for future art pieces.

In Japan, fans often bring sketchbooks to dōjinshi (independent manga or fanzine) conventions to get drawings from their favorite artists.

The exhibition of sketchbooks at the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University in 2006 suggested that there were two broad categories for classifying sketches:

Observation: this focuses on the documentation of the external world and includes many such travel and nature studies and sketches recording an artist's travels.

Invention: this follows the artists' digressions and internal journeys as they develop compositional ideas.

Sketch (drawing)
A sketch (ultimately from Greek σχέδιος – schedios, "done extempore") is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work.  A sketch may serve a number of purposes: it might record something that the artist sees, it might record or develop an idea for later use or it might be used as a quick way of graphically demonstrating an image, idea or principle. Sketching is the most inexpensive art medium.

Sketches can be made in any drawing medium. The term is most often applied to graphic work executed in a dry medium such as silverpoint, graphite, pencil, charcoal or pastel. It may also apply to drawings executed in pen and ink, digital input such as a digital pen, ballpoint pen, marker pen, water colour and oil paint. The latter two are generally referred to as "water colour sketches" and "oil sketches".  A sculptor might model three-dimensional sketches in clay, plasticine or wax.
Nagod
Nagod or Nagaud is a town and a nagar panchayat in Satna district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is located 17 miles (27 km) from the town of Satna. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagod Tehsil.

Satna
Satna is a city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of Satna district. It is the state's 7th largest city and 8th most populous city. The city is 500 km east of the state capital Bhopal. The city is distributed over a land area of 111.9 square kilometers.

Satna has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.
Division of Lingiari
The Division of Lingiari (/lɪŋɡiˈɑːri/) is an Australian electoral division in the Northern Territory that covers the entirety of the territory outside of the Division of Solomon, which covers Darwin and surrounding areas. The division also includes the territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

Lingiari includes all of the Northern Territory's remote Indigenous communities, most of whom vote when visited by mobile polling teams during the election campaign.

The current MP is Marion Scrymgour, a member of the Australian Labor Party. Scrymgour herself is Indigenous and inherited Tiwi identity from her mother.

Division of Solomon
The Division of Solomon is an Australian Electoral Division in the Northern Territory. It is largely coextensive with the Darwin/Palmerston metropolitan area. The only other division in the territory, the Division of Lingiari, covers the remainder of the territory.
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Kalamazoo (/ˌkæləməˈzuː/) is a city in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. At the 2020 census, Kalamazoo had a population of 73,598. It is the principal city of the Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area in southwestern Michigan, which had a population of 261,670 in 2020.

One of Kalamazoo's most notable features is the Kalamazoo Mall, an outdoor pedestrian shopping mall. The city created the mall in 1959 by closing part of Burdick Street to automobile traffic, although two of the mall's four blocks have been reopened to auto traffic since 1999. Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University, a large public university, Kalamazoo College, a private liberal arts college, and Kalamazoo Valley Community College, a two-year community college.

Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Kalamazoo County (/ˌkæləməˈzuː/ KAL-ə-mə-ZOO) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the population was 261,670. The county seat is Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo County is included in the Kalamazoo–Portage, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
West Bridgford
West Bridgford (/ˈbrɪdʒfərd/) is a town and the administrative centre of the borough of Rushcliffe, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies south of Nottingham city centre, east of Wilford, north of Ruddington and west of Radcliffe-on-Trent; it is also south-west of Colwick and south-east of Beeston, which are on the opposite bank of the River Trent. The town is part of the Nottingham Urban Area and had a population of 36,487 in the 2021 Census.

Borough of Rushcliffe
Rushcliffe is a local government district with borough status in south Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in West Bridgford. The borough also includes the towns of Bingham and Cotgrave as well as numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some of the built-up areas in the north-west of the borough, including West Bridgford, form part of the Nottingham Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Broxtowe, Nottingham, Gedling, Newark and Sherwood, Melton, Charnwood, North West Leicestershire and Erewash.
Pg (Unix)
pg is a terminal pager program on Unix and Unix-like systems for viewing text files.  It can also be used to page through the output of a command via a pipe.  pg uses an interface similar to vi, but commands are different.

As of 2018, pg has been removed from the POSIX specification, but is still included in util-linux. Users are expected to use other paging programs, such as more, less or most.

Most (Unix)
most is a program on Unix, OpenVMS, MS-DOS, Windows and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time. Programs of this sort are called pagers. It is similar to more, but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file, and can scroll left and right. most also supports multiple windows.

Mats Akerberg, Henk D. Davids, Rex O. Livingston, and Mark Pizzolato contributed to early VMS versions of most. Mark Pizzolato worked on it to get it ready for DECUS. Robert Mills re-wrote the search routines to use regular expressions.
Batu Pahat District
The Batu Pahat District is a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia. It lies southeast of Muar, southwest of Kluang, northwest of Pontian, south of Segamat and Tangkak District. The capital of the district is Bandar Penggaram.

Batu Pahat (town)
Batu Pahat, also sometimes known as Bandar Penggaram or by its initials as BP, is a town and capital of Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. It lies south-east of Muar (a royal town), south-west of Kluang, north-west of Pontian and south of Segamat. The town is in Simpang Kanan parish.

As of 2009, Batu Pahat town is the 20th largest urban area in Malaysia in population. In 2006, Batu Pahat surpassed Muar to become the second largest urban area in Johor and by 2012 Batu Pahat was the 16th largest urban area in Malaysia in population. Chinese make up the majority of the population at 62% followed by Malays at 36% and Indians at 2%.
Richard E. Killblane
Richard Eldon Killblane (born April 15, 1955) is an American military historian, author and martial arts instructor. A West Point grad in 1979 and a graduate of the U.S. Army Ranger School. He served as an enlisted man and officer in the U. S. Army in the infantry and Special Forces.  Killblane is a veteran of Central American counter-insurgency and Operation Just Cause.  He served as the Command Historian of the U.S. Army Transportation School at Fort Lee, Virginia for 19 years and traveled extensively in Iraq and Afghanistan to research convoy operations.  He has published numerous articles and books on military history and is considered an authority on military convoy security. In 2003, Killblane co-authored, with Jake McNiece, The Filthy Thirteen: The True Story of the Dirty Dozen, detailing the life and World War II 101st Airborne Division exploits of McNiece.

Jake McNiece
James Elbert "Jake" McNiece (May 24, 1919 – January 21, 2013) was a US Army paratrooper in World War II. Private McNiece was a member and eventual leader of the Filthy Thirteen, an elite demolition unit whose exploits inspired the 1965  E. M. Nathanson novel and the 1967 film The Dirty Dozen.