hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Contrapuntal motion
In music theory, contrapuntal motion is the general movement of two or more melodic lines with respect to each other. In traditional four-part harmony, it is important that lines maintain their independence, an effect which can be achieved by the judicious use of the four types of contrapuntal motion: parallel motion, similar motion, contrary motion, and oblique motion.

Melodic motion
Melodic motion is the quality of movement of a melody, including nearness or farness of successive pitches or notes in a melody. This may be described as conjunct or disjunct, stepwise, skipwise or no movement, respectively. See also contrapuntal motion. In a conjunct melodic motion, the melodic phrase moves in a stepwise fashion; that is the subsequent notes move up or down a semitone or tone, but no greater. In a disjunct melodic motion, the melodic phrase leaps upwards or downwards; this movement is greater than a whole tone. 
In popular Western music, a melodic leap of disjunct motion is often present in the chorus of a song, to distinguish it from the verses and captivate the audience.
Grayanotoxin
Grayanotoxins are a group of closely related neurotoxins named after Leucothoe grayana, a plant native to Japan and named for 19th-century American botanist Asa Gray. Grayanotoxin I (grayanotoxane-3,5,6,10,14,16-hexol 14-acetate) is also known as andromedotoxin, acetylandromedol, rhodotoxin and asebotoxin. Grayanotoxins are produced by Rhododendron species and other plants in the family Ericaceae. Honey made from the nectar and so containing pollen of these plants also contains grayanotoxins and is commonly referred to as mad honey.

Consumption of the plant or any of its secondary products, including mad honey, can cause a rare poisonous reaction called grayanotoxin poisoning, mad honey disease, honey intoxication, or rhododendron poisoning. It is most frequently produced and consumed in regions of Turkey and Nepal as a recreational drug and traditional medicine.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
2010–11 Memphis Grizzlies season
The 2010–11 Memphis Grizzlies season was the 16th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the tenth for the franchise in Memphis. The 2010–11 Memphis Grizzlies season marked their first playoff appearance since 2006. This season also marked their first playoff win in a series in franchise history by defeating the first seeded San Antonio Spurs in six games in an upset, becoming the fourth eighth seed in league history to win a playoffs series against a number one seed, following the Denver Nuggets in 1994, the New York Knicks in 1999, and the Golden State Warriors in 2007.

However, the Grizzlies' season ended with a seven-game loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder in the Semifinals.

2010–11 Oklahoma City Thunder season
The 2010–11 Oklahoma City Thunder season was the 3rd season of the franchise's existence in Oklahoma City as a member of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The franchise built on its prior success from the previous year, winning 55 regular-season games and reaching the Western Conference finals – in the process becoming the second-youngest team ever to do so.

In the playoffs, the Thunder defeated the Denver Nuggets in five games in the First Round, and the Memphis Grizzlies in seven games in the conference semi-finals, before losing to the eventual NBA champion Dallas Mavericks in five games in the conference finals.
Blahut–Arimoto algorithm
The term Blahut–Arimoto algorithm is often used to refer to a class of algorithms for computing numerically either the information theoretic capacity of a channel, the rate-distortion function of a source or a source encoding (i.e. compression to remove the redundancy). They are iterative algorithms that eventually converge to one of the maxima of the optimization problem that is associated with these information theoretic concepts.

Rate–distortion theory
Rate–distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate R, that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source (input signal) can be approximately reconstructed at the receiver (output signal) without exceeding an expected distortion D.
Elkins, West Virginia
Elkins is a city in Randolph County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 6,950 at the 2020 census. It lies along the Tygart Valley River and was incorporated in 1890, taking its name from Stephen B. Elkins, the city's co-founder and later U.S. Senator from West Virginia. Elkins is home to Davis and Elkins College and the Mountain State Forest Festival, held in early October every year.

Stephen B. Elkins
Stephen Benton Elkins (September 26, 1841 – January 4, 1911) was an American industrialist and politician. He served as the secretary of war between 1891 and 1893. He served in the United States Congress as a delegate from the Territory of New Mexico and a senator from West Virginia.
Dora and the Lost City of Gold
Dora and the Lost City of Gold is a 2019 American adventure comedy film directed by James Bobin and written by Nicholas Stoller and Matthew Robinson. Loosely based on the animated television series, it is the first feature film in the Dora the Explorer franchise. It stars Isabela Moner, Eugenio Derbez, Michael Peña and Eva Longoria, with Danny Trejo as the voice of Boots. The "Lost City of Gold" is based on the legendary Inca city, Paititi.

A live-action Dora film was announced in 2017, and Moner was cast in the title role in May 2018. Filming took place from August to December 2018 in Australia and Peru. John Debney and Germaine Franco composed the film's score.

The film was theatrically released in the United States on August 9, 2019, by Paramount Pictures. It received generally positive reviews from critics, and was a moderate box office success, grossing $121 million against a budget of $49 million. A reboot, Dora and the Search for Sol Dorado, was released in 2025.

Isabela Merced
Isabela Yolanda Moner (born July 10, 2001), known professionally as Isabela Merced since 2019, is an American actress. She played the lead role in the Nickelodeon television series 100 Things to Do Before High School (2014–2016), and went on to feature in the films Transformers: The Last Knight (2017), Instant Family (2018), and Sicario: Day of the Soldado (2018). She starred as the titular character in the adventure film Dora and the Lost City of Gold (2019) and played main roles in the films Madame Web, Turtles All the Way Down, and Alien: Romulus (all in 2024). In 2025, she had a starring role in the second season of the HBO series The Last of Us and played Hawkgirl in the DCU film Superman and series Peacemaker.
Muintir Eolais
The Muintir Eolais of Conmaicne Réin were nobles of Gaelic Ireland. For seven hundred years from the 8th century, they lived in and ruled an area roughly conterminous with present-day south County Leitrim. Their territory comprised the lands named Maigh Nissi and Maigh Rein, today the baronies of Leitrim and Mohill respectively.

The Mag Raghnaill, O'Mulvey, and Mac Shanley rule became increasingly fragmented throughout the 16th century. The tuath of the Muintir Eolais collapsed with Irish defeat in the Nine Years' War, and became largely forgotten with the English occupation of Ireland.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
Dylan Moscovitch
Dylan David Moscovitch (born 23 September 1984) is a retired Canadian pair skater.  He competed with Liubov Ilyushechkina from 2014 to 2018.  They were the 2017 Four Continents bronze medalists, two-time bronze medalists on the Grand Prix series, and three-time Canadian national medalists (silver in 2015 and 2017, bronze in 2016).

With former partner Kirsten Moore-Towers, he was the 2013 Four Continents silver medalist, 2014 Olympic team event silver medalist, and 2011 Canadian national champion.

2013 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2013 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2012–13 season. It was held at the Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium in Osaka, Japan on February 6–11. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Fatahillah Square
Fatahillah Square (Indonesian: Taman Fatahillah) is the historical center of the old Batavia. The square is located at the center of Jakarta Old Town. Today the square is a tourist area home to the Jakarta History Museum, Wayang Museum and Fine Art and Ceramics Museum in Kota, Jakarta.

Museum of Fine Arts and Ceramics
The Museum of Fine Arts and Ceramics (Indonesian: Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik) is a museum in Jakarta, Indonesia. The museum is dedicated especially to the display of traditional fine art and ceramics of Indonesia. The museum is located in the east side of Fatahillah Square, near Jakarta History Museum and Wayang Museum.
Wiseburn Unified School District
The Wiseburn Unified School District is a school district in Los Angeles County, California operating elementary and middle schools, and hosting charter high schools. Its headquarters are on the grounds of the Da Vinci charter schools facility in El Segundo. Previously they were in Hawthorne.

El Segundo, California
El Segundo (/ˌɛl səˈɡʌndoʊ/ EL sə-GUN-doh, Spanish: [el seˈɣundo]; Spanish for 'The Second') is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located on Santa Monica Bay, it was incorporated on January 18, 1917, and is part of the South Bay Cities Council of Governments. The population was 17,272 as of the 2020 census, a 3.7% increase from 16,654 in the 2010 census. A significant center of the oil and aerospace industries in Southern California, roughly three quarters of the city's land is dedicated exclusively to industrial and commercial uses, including a Chevron oil refinery which takes up more than a quarter of the city.
Persis Solo
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Surakarta (lit. 'Indonesian Football Association of Surakarta'), commonly known as Persis Solo, is an Indonesian football club based in the Central Java city of Surakarta. Founded on 8 November 1923 as Vorstenlandschen Voetbal Bond (English: Royal Football Union; abbreviated as VVB), it was officially renamed to its current brand in 1935.

Persis returned to top-flight football after a decade in 2022 following its success in winning the 2021 Liga 2 title. The club plays its Super League home games at Manahan Stadium, which has a capacity of 20,000 spectators. The 2021 revival of the club was driven by its new, politically connected owners – Kaesang Pangarep, the youngest son of President Joko Widodo who acts as the club's chairman, and State-Owned Enterprises Minister Erick Thohir.

Surakarta
Surakarta (Javanese: ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, Pegon: سوراكارتا), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese: ꦱꦭ; Sålå), is a major city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 46.72 km2 (18.04 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Solo River (Bengawan Solo). Its metropolitan area, consisting of Surakarta City and the surrounding six regencies ("Greater Solo Area", formerly Special Region of Surakarta), was home to 6,837,753 inhabitants according to the official estimates for mid 2023, 526,870 of whom reside in the city proper.

Surakarta is the birthplace of the President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024, Joko Widodo, as well as his son and current Vice President of Indonesia, Gibran Rakabuming Raka. The former served as Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012, as did the latter from 2021 to 2024.
Senftenberg station
Senftenberg station is a railway station in Senftenberg in the German state of Brandenburg. It is a through station at the railway junction of the Lübbenau-Kamenz and the Großenhain–Cottbus railways, as well as the closed Schipkau–Senftenberg railway. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

Lübbenau–Kamenz railway
The Lübbenau-Kamenz railway is a single-track main line in the German states of Brandenburg and Saxony, which was originally built and operated by the Berlin-Görlitz Railway Company (German: Berlin-Görlitzer Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). It branches from the Berlin–Görlitz railway in Lübbenau and runs via Calau and Senftenberg to Kamenz in Saxony. It connects there with the Kamenz–Pirna railway.
Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel
Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel (7 February 1688 – 9 April 1765) was a Dutch regent, Princess of Orange by marriage to John William Friso, Prince of Orange, and regent of the Netherlands during the minority of her son and her grandson. She was a daughter of Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and Maria Amalia of Courland.

From the end of World War II in 1945 until 2022, Marie Louise and her husband were the most recent common ancestors of all reigning hereditary monarchs in Europe.

Marie Louise is notable for having served as regent for two periods in Dutch history: during the reigns of her young son, William IV, Prince of Orange from 1711 and 1730, and of her young grandson, William V, Prince of Orange, from 1759 to 1765. She was often fondly referred to as Marijke Meu (Aunt Mary) by her Dutch subjects.

Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
Anne, Princess Royal (2 November [O.S. 22 October] 1709 – 12 January 1759) was the second child and eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and his consort Caroline of Ansbach. She was the wife of William IV, Prince of Orange, the first hereditary stadtholder of all seven provinces of the Dutch Republic. She was Regent of the Netherlands from 1751 until her death in 1759, exercising extensive powers on behalf of her son William V. She was known as an Anglophile, due to her English upbringing and family connections, but was unable to convince the Dutch Republic to enter the Seven Years' War on the side of the British. Princess Anne was the second daughter of a British sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal. In the Netherlands she was styled Anna van Hannover.
Liugou Township
Liugou Township (simplified Chinese: 柳沟乡; traditional Chinese: 柳溝鄉; pinyin: Liǔgōu Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County, Gansu, China. As of 2022, it has 9 villages under its administration.

The name "Liugou" means ditch with willow trees in Chinese. There are many willow trees growing in the ditch where the village is located, hence the name Liugou.

Liugou was the epicenter of the 2023 Jishishan earthquake, which killed at least 148 people.

2023 Jishishan earthquake
On 18 December 2023 at around 23:59:30 CST, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9–6.2 struck Jishishan County, in Gansu Province, China. The shallow thrust faulting earthquake struck a densely populated area on the border between the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. It caused 151 deaths and 982 injuries to others. This made it China's deadliest earthquake since the 2014 Ludian earthquake.
Trimbakeshwar Temple
Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple (श्री त्र्यंबकेश्वर ज्योतिर्लिंग मंदिर) is an ancient Hindu temple in the town of Trimbak, in the Trimbakeshwar tehsil, in the Nashik District of Maharashtra, India, 28 km from the city of Nashik and 40 km from Nashik road. It is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva and is one of the twelve jyotirlingas where the Hindu genealogy registers at Trimbakeshwar, Maharashtra are kept. The origin of the sacred Godavari River is near Trimbak. Several Hindu rituals are carried out in Trimbakeshwar, for that pilgrims travel from all over India.

The Kusavarta kunda (sacred pond) in the temple premises, built by Shrimant Sardar Raosaheb Parnerkar, who was the Fadnavis of Indore State, is the source of the Godavari River, the second longest river in India. A bust of Sardar Fadnavis and his wife can be seen on the edge of the kunda. The current temple was built by Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao after it was destroyed by Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.

Bhimashankar Temple
Bhimashankar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva situated in its eponymous village, Bhimashankar, in Pune district of Maharashtra. It is a key pilgrimage centre and contains one of the 12 Jyotirlingas. The temple's Shiva lingam is one of the three Jyotirlingas of Maharashtra. The mandir is situated on a mountain, 110 kilometers away from Pune. The temple's vicinity has rare plant and animal species. The mandir is located in Khed taluka, in the Bhimashankar forest range.

Dating back to the 13th century this temple is carved in black stone, the sabhamandap (central hall) and the shikhara (dome) were improved upon in the 18th century by Nana Phadnavis.

The Bhima River originates from the Bhimashankar village, and the hills of the Manmad village are present near it, there are old rock carvings of the God Bhimashankar, Bhootings and Amba-Ambika on these hills.
John Boyd (actor)
John Boyd is an American actor who is best known for starring as Arlo Glass in the eighth and final season of the Fox espionage thriller 24 in 2010. He also co-starred in the Academy Award-winning political thriller Argo (2012) and starred from 2014 to 2017 as FBI Special Agent James Aubrey on the Fox crime procedural comedy-drama Bones from the 10th season until the 12th and final season. In 2019, he started as Special Agent Stuart Scola in CBS crime drama series FBI.

Bones season 10
The tenth season of the American television series Bones premiered on September 25, 2014, and concluded on June 11, 2015, on Fox. The show moved time slots from its previous season, airing on Thursdays at 8:00 pm ET.
Dan Joyce
Daniel Buck Joyce (born 2 June 1976) is a British professional stuntman, skateboarder, filmmaker, and one quarter of the Dirty Sanchez crew. He has also been made a Reverend for a Dirty Sanchez prank on Mathew Pritchard and Michael "Pancho" Locke.

Dirty Sanchez (TV series)
Dirty Sanchez is a British stunt and prank television series featuring a group of three Welshmen and one Englishman harming themselves, and each other, through dangerous stunts, which ran from 2003 until 2007. It was known as Sanchez Boys and Team Sanchez in the United States. The performers are the Welshmen Mathew Pritchard, Lee Dainton, Michael "Pancho" Locke and the Englishman Dan Joyce and was originally based in Newport, Wales, but later series of the show took place elsewhere in the United Kingdom and the world. Pritchard and Locke also starred as the "Pain Men" in Channel 4's Balls of Steel. The series is similar to the American series Jackass and the Finnish series The Dudesons. The show aired on MTV UK in the United Kingdom and on MTV2 in the United States.
Jayne Ludlow
Jayne Louise Ludlow MBE (born 7 January 1979) is a Welsh football coach and former player. A midfielder, Ludlow played at Arsenal for 13 years, whom she also captained and was the club's all-time top goalscorer when she retired. She represented the Wales national team from 1996 to 2012, and had been captain until her international retirement.

Ludlow later moved into management and led the Wales national team and its youth teams.

Wales women's national football team
The Wales national women's football team (Welsh: Tîm pêl-droed merched cenedlaethol Cymru) represents Wales in international football. It is controlled by the Football Association of Wales (FAW), the governing body for football in Wales and the third-oldest national football association in the world, founded in 1876 (1876).

Wales qualified for their first major championship, UEFA Women's Euro 2025, in December 2024. They have never qualified for the FIFA Women's World Cup. The closest they have come was falling to Switzerland in the UEFA play-offs final for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup. However, they are set to potentially take part in a World Cup for the first time in 2035 when they automatically qualified as co-host with other three countries in the United Kingdom.

As a country of the United Kingdom, Wales is not a member of the International Olympic Committee and therefore the national team does not compete in the Olympic Games.
Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Generally the component parts have boiling points that differ by less than 25 °C (45 °F) from each other under a pressure of one atmosphere. If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 °C, a simple distillation is typically used.

A crude oil distillation unit uses fractional distillation in the process of refining crude oil.

Reflux
Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. It is used in industrial and laboratory distillations. It is also used in chemistry to supply energy to reactions over a long period of time.
WestRock
WestRock was an American corrugated packaging company and in 2024 merged with Smurfit Kappa to become Smurfit Westrock. It was formed in July 2015 after the merger of MeadWestvaco and RockTenn. WestRock was the 2nd largest American packaging company. It was one of the world's largest paper and packaging companies with US$21.3 billion in annual revenue and more than 50,000 team members in more than 300 locations in 30 countries around the world. The company was headquartered in Sandy Springs, Georgia, consolidating offices from Norcross, Georgia and Richmond, Virginia.

Smurfit Westrock
Smurfit Westrock plc is an Irish company based in Dublin, Ireland that manufactures corrugated and paper-based packaging. Its stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange.