hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brother Rachid
Rachid Hammami,  best known as Brother Rachid, also Brother Rasheed, (born 1971, Morocco) is a Moroccan former Muslim and convert to Christianity whose father is an Imam. He is a Christian apologist and critic of Islam, and hosts a weekly live call-in show on Al Hayat TV where he compares Islam and Christianity.

Al Hayat TV
Alhayat TV, also known as Life TV (Arabic: قناة الحياة), is an evangelical Christian Arabic-language  television channel that airs in countries in North Africa, West Asia, the Middle East, America, Canada, Australia and some of Europe.
Aumühle
Aumühle (German: [aʊˈmyːlə] ⓘ) is a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany, about 21 km (14 mi) east of Hamburg. Its Friedrichsruh district is home to the family estate and mausoleum of Otto von Bismarck.

Bismarck Mausoleum
The Bismarck Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Prince Otto von Bismarck and his wife Johanna von Puttkamer. It is on the Schneckenberg hill just outside Friedrichsruh, Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany. Bismarck was the first Chancellor of Germany (1871–1890). The chapel is now a protected monument.
Caroline Schermerhorn Astor
Caroline Webster "Lina" Schermerhorn Astor (September 22, 1830 – October 30, 1908) was an American socialite who led the Four Hundred, high society of New York City in the Gilded Age. Referred to later in life as "the Mrs. Astor" or simply "Mrs. Astor", she was the wife of yachtsman William Backhouse Astor Jr. They had five children, including Colonel John Jacob Astor IV, who perished on the RMS Titanic. Through her marriage, she was a member of the Astor family and matriarch of the American Astors.

Astor family
The Astor family achieved prominence in business, society, and politics in the United States and the United Kingdom during the 19th and 20th centuries. With German roots, some of their ancestry goes back to the Italian and Swiss Alps,
the Astors settled in Germany, first appearing in North America in the 18th century with John Jacob Astor, one of the wealthiest people in history.
Joseph Deighton Gibson Jr.
Joseph Deighton Gibson Jr. (May 13, 1920 – January 30, 2000) was an American radio disc jockey and actor. He is regarded as the father of the Black appeal radio format.

To his peers in radio his nickname was "Jockey Jack," and he achieved renown for his annual Black radio convention, where he was known as Jack the Rapper, for an all-inclusive Black/urban music showcase and convention. He is listed in the Nevada Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame. In 1989, he was inducted into the Black Radio Hall of Fame.

Al Benson
Arthur Bernard Leaner (June 30, 1908 – September 6, 1978), who was known professionally as Al Benson, was an American radio DJ, music promoter and record label owner in Chicago between the 1940s and 1960s. He was particularly significant for his promotion of rhythm and blues music and black involvement in the recording industry in Chicago.

Leaner was also an ordained minister and activist, and became an important figure in the civil rights movement in Chicago. In 2017 he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.
Sabina Hidalgo
María Sabina Hidalgo Pano (born September 20, 1999), better known as Sabina Hidalgo, is a Mexican singer and dancer. She is a ex-member of the global pop group Now United, representing Mexico.

She became known after being signed by Simon Fuller, manager of the girl band Spice Girls, to join Now United, representing her home country.

Now United
Now United (sometimes abbreviated as NU) is a global pop group formed in West Hollywood, Los Angeles County, USA, in 2017 by Idols creator Simon Fuller. Originally debuting with 14 members from 14 different countries, the group has since represented a total of 20 countries and special administrative region and featured 23 official members.

Now United operates on a rotational system, where members may be active, inactive, or return temporarily for specific projects or tours. Some members have left to pursue solo careers, but they are still considered part of the Now United family. The group's motto is: "Once a Now United member, always a Now United member." Their dynamic structure allows for new members to be added and for representation to be passed to a new generation.
Ballinderry Shamrocks GAC
Ballinderry Shamrocks GAC (Irish:  Baile an Doire na Seamróga CLG) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Ballinderry, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The club is a member of the Derry GAA and caters for gaelic football and camogie.

The club's biggest success was winning the 2002 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. They have won the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship three times and won the Derry Senior Football Championship on 11 occasions.

Derry Senior Football Championship
The Derry Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by the top sixteen Derry GAA clubs. The winners receive the John McLaughlin Cup and qualify to represent Derry in the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.

Newbridge retained their title,  having defeated Magherafelt in the 2025 final.
Tatiana S. Riegel
Tatiana S. Riegel A.C.E.,  is an American film editor known for independent films such as Lars and the Real Girl, The Way Way Back and I, Tonya. She received an ACE Eddie award for "Best Edited Miniseries or Motion Picture for Non-Commercial Television".

American Cinema Editors
Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editors (ACE) is an honorary society of film editors who are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements, their education of others, and their dedication to editing. Members use the post-nominal letters "ACE". The organization's "Eddie Awards" are routinely covered in trade magazines such as The Hollywood Reporter and Variety. The society is not an industry union, such as the I.A.T.S.E. (specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG), to which an editor might also belong. The current president of ACE is Kevin Tent, who was elected in 2020.
Hong Beom-do
General Hong Beom-do (Korean: 홍범도; Hanja: 洪範圖; August 27, 1868 – October 25, 1943) was a Korean independence activist and national hero. Hong served as commander of a guerrilla unit of the Justice Army "Yibyon" within the Righteous armies and the Korean Independence Army, which essentially gave rise to Korea's armed struggle against Japanese colonialists.

In 1962, he was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation by South Korea.

Righteous armies
In Korean history, righteous armies (Korean: 의병), sometimes translated as irregular armies or militias, mainly refers to civilian armed organizations that were spontaneously formed to fight against foreign invasions, such as the Imjin War and the Qing invasion of Joseon. The Righteous armies under the Korean Empire also followed this trend; they did not have proper weapons, but fought against Japanese imperialism.
Primary Health Centre (India)
Primary Health Centre (PHCs), sometimes referred to as public health centres, are state-owned rural and urban health care facilities in India. They are essentially single-physician clinics usually with facilities for minor surgeries. They are part of the government-funded public health system in India and are the most basic units of this system. As on 31 March 2019 there are 30,045 PHCs in India in which 24,855 are located in rural areas and 5,190 are in urban areas. The idea of creating PHCs in India was set forward by Bhore committee in 1946.

Healthcare in India
India has a multi-payer universal health care model that is paid for by a combination of public and government regulated (through the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority) private health insurances along with the element of almost entirely tax-funded public hospitals. The public hospital system is essentially free for all Indian residents except for small, often symbolic co-payments for some services.

The 2022-23 Economic Survey highlighted that the Central and State Governments' budgeted expenditure on the health sector reached 2.1% of GDP in FY23 and 2.2% in FY22, against 1.6% in FY21. India ranks 78th and has one of the lowest healthcare spending as a percent of GDP. It ranks 77th on the list of countries by total health expenditure per capita.
Secunderabad–Darbhanga Express
The 17007 / 17008 Secunderabad–Darbhanga Express is a Superfast Express trains in India train belonging to South Central Railway zone that runs between Secunderabad Junction and Darbhanga in India. It is currently being operated with 17007/17008 train numbers on bi-weekly basis. The train was cancelled due to closure of Dhanbad–Chandrapura line.
As the train service between Dhanbad and Chandrapura line is resumed, this train is restored and will follow its older route from 2 July 2019 as 17007 Secunderabad Darbhanga Express and from 5 July 2019 as 17008 Darbhanga Secunderabad Express with slightly modified timetable.

Dhanbad–Chandrapura line
Dhanbad–Chandrapura line is a railway passing through Railways in Jharia Coalfield lying between  the Dhanbad line on the north and the Chandrapura in the south. It remained temporarily closed due to fire and subsidence in Jharia Coal Fields. It was initially started as Dhanbad–Katras rail line and was extended up to Chandrapura in 1930. The first train in this route ran from Dhanbad to Katrasgarh. The rail line was laid late nineteenth century by extending the Grand Chord to Katrasgarh via Dhanbad in 1894. This line was opened in 1930.

The Netaji SC Bose Gomoh-Chandrapura-Dhanbad sector was electrified in 1986–87. The line was closed due to a mine fire reaching the tracks, thus making it unsafe for use. The railway also suspended good traffic on the line which has nine loading side of Bharat Coking Coal Limited. However, the line was reopened on 24 February 2019 due to agitations & protests by the people of the region.
Service NSW
Service NSW is a New South Wales Government executive agency within the Department of Customer Service that provides a one-stop access to government services via online, phone or in-person at its service centres. The agency is the contact point for a number of New South Wales government agencies including Transport for NSW, Fair Trading NSW and Births, Deaths and Marriages, and provides services such as the application for licences and permits, registration of births and payment of fines.

As of January 2026, there are 158 Service NSW centres across the state.

Department of Customer Service
The Department of Customer Service is a department of the New South Wales Government that functions as a service provider to support sustainable government finances, major public works and maintenance programs, government procurement, information and communications technology, corporate and shared services, consumer protection, and land and property administration of the government in New South Wales, Australia.

The department was established with effect from 1 July 2019 and assumed most functions from the preceding Department of Finance, Service and Innovation, as well as a number of functions from other departments and several agencies.
Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group -NH2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated form (NH2+) under biological conditions, while the carboxyl group is in the deprotonated −COO− form. The "side chain" from the α carbon connects to the nitrogen forming a pyrrolidine loop, classifying it as a aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate. It is encoded by all the codons starting with CC (CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG).

Proline is the only proteinogenic amino acid which is a secondary amine, as the nitrogen atom is attached both to the α-carbon and to a chain of three carbons that together form a five-membered ring.

Pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4NH.  It is a cyclic secondary amine, also classified as a saturated heterocycle.  It is a colourless liquid that is miscible with water and most organic solvents. It has a characteristic odor that has been described as "ammoniacal, fishy, shellfish-like". In addition to pyrrolidine itself, many substituted pyrrolidines are known.
Sidney R. J. Smith
Sidney R. J. Smith  (1858–1913) was a Late Victorian English architect, best known for the work he undertook in the 1880s and 1890s for the philanthropist Henry Tate including the original Tate Gallery at Millbank.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Son jalisciense
Son jalisciense is a variety of Mexican son music from which much of modern mariachi music is derived. This son relied on the same basic instruments, rhythms and melodies as the sones of Veracruz and the Huasteca regions, using the same string instruments. By the 19th century, Son jalisciense developed to be played with one vihuela, two violins and a guitarrón (which largely replaced the harp). Modern mariachi started to develop when trumpets were added to the ensemble in the 1910’s and 1920’s, becoming a fixture of the previously all-string genre by the 1930s.

Son jalisciense has both instrumental and vocal songs in this form, mostly in major keys. It is performed by mariachi ensembles. It has an alternating rhythmic pattern in the armonía (vihuela, guitars) and guitarrón. This basic pattern consists of one measure of 68 with the next measure of  34, known as sesquialtera. The best known song of this type of son is called "La Negra".

Son mexicano
Son mexicano (Spanish: [ˈsom mexiˈkano]) is a style of Mexican folk music and dance that encompasses various regional genres, all of which are called son. The term son mexicano literally translates to “the Mexican sound” in English. Mexican sones are often rooted in a mix of Spanish, African, and Indigenous musical elements.

Major son traditions are located in the La Huasteca region, the Gulf coast, the Pacific coast of Guerrero and Oaxaca, Michoacán and Jalisco (where it later developed into mariachi). The music is historically played on string instruments such as guitars and violins, with elements which have not changed since the Spanish baroque music that was introduced into Mexico during the colonial period. The dance associated with this music is social and often includes a stomping rhythm on a raised platform to provide percussion.
James Strong (college president)
James Woodward Strong (September 29, 1833 - February 24, 1913), an American theologian and scholar, was the first president of Carleton College, Minnesota.  Despite lifelong illness and injury, Strong was a highly active man throughout his life, juggling multiple professional and personal occupations.

Carleton College
Carleton College (/ˈkɑːrltɪn/ KARL-tin) is a private liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1866, the 200-acre (81 ha) main campus is between Northfield and the approximately 800-acre (320 ha) Cowling Arboretum, which became part of the campus in the 1920s.

The college offers courses from 33 major programs and 39 minor programs, and has the option for students to design their own majors. Carleton's varsity sports compete at the NCAA Division III level in the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.
Parrot Records (blues label)
Parrot Records was an American Chicago-based record label, founded in 1952 by the disc jockey, Al Benson.  It specialized in blues, jazz, doo-wop, and gospel.  The company began operating in mid-1953, and lasted until mid-1956.  Several Parrot recordings were later released by Chess Records.  Parrot's sister label Blue Lake operated from 1954 to 1956.  There were plans for another subsidiary, to be called Eagle, but these were scrapped.

Blue Lake Records
Blue Lake was a Chicago-based record label founded in 1954 by disc jockey Al Benson.  It specialized in blues, doo-wop, jazz, and gospel.  A subsidiary of Benson's Parrot operation, it lasted until mid-1956.  Many of the Blue Lake recordings were acquired by Chess Records.
AKS primality test
The AKS primality test (also known as the Agrawal–Kayal–Saxena primality test and the cyclotomic AKS test) is a deterministic primality-proving algorithm created and published by Manindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal, and Nitin Saxena, computer scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, on August 6, 2002, in an article titled "PRIMES is in P". The algorithm was the first one which is able to determine in polynomial time, whether a given number is prime or composite without relying on mathematical conjectures such as the generalized Riemann hypothesis. The proof is also notable for not relying on the field of analysis. In 2006 the authors received both the Gödel Prize and Fulkerson Prize for their work.

Miller–Rabin primality test
The Miller–Rabin primality test or Rabin–Miller primality test is a probabilistic primality test: an algorithm which determines whether a given number is likely to be prime, similar to the Fermat primality test and the Solovay–Strassen primality test.

It is of historical significance in the search for a polynomial-time deterministic primality test. Its probabilistic variant remains widely used in practice, as one of the simplest and fastest tests known.

Gary L. Miller discovered the test in 1976. Miller's version of the test is deterministic, but its correctness relies on the unproven extended Riemann hypothesis. Michael O. Rabin modified it to obtain an unconditional probabilistic algorithm in 1980.
Guido Antonio Arcimboldi
Guido Antonio Arcimboldi (1428–1497), also known as Guidantonio Arcimboldi, was an Italian prelate, who served as Archbishop of Milan (1489–1497). He succeeded his brother, Giovanni Arcimboldi, who was Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (1484–1488). And his great-nephew Giovanni Angelo Arcimboldi would also become Archbishop of Milan (1550–1555).

Archdiocese of Milan
The Archdiocese of Milan (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Milano; Latin: Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese. It has long maintained its own Latin liturgical rite usage, the Ambrosian rite, which is still used in the greater part of the diocesan territory. Among its past archbishops, the better known are Ambrose, Charles Borromeo, Pope Pius XI and Pope Paul VI.

The Archdiocese of Milan is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milan, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia, and Vigevano.

Milan's archdiocese is the largest in Europe, and the one having the most priests in the world, with, as of 2021, 2,450 priests living in the diocese, among whom 1,712 are secular priests.
Bifid cipher
In classical cryptography, the bifid cipher is a cipher which combines the Polybius square with transposition, and uses fractionation to achieve diffusion. It was invented around 1901 by Felix Delastelle.

Polybius square
The Polybius square, also known as the Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the ancient Greeks Cleoxenus and Democleitus, and made famous by the historian and scholar Polybius. The device is used for fractionating plaintext characters so that they can be represented by a smaller set of symbols, which is useful for telegraphy, steganography, and cryptography. The device was originally used for fire signalling, allowing for the coded transmission of any message, not just a finite number of predetermined options as was the convention before.
Constantin Sănătescu
Constantin Sănătescu (14 January 1885 – 8 November 1947) was a Romanian general and statesman who served as the 44th Prime Minister of Romania after the 23 August 1944 coup after which Romania left the Axis powers and joined the Allies.

1944 Romanian coup d'état
The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August (Romanian: Actul de la 23 august), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet Red Army on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the Allied advances against the Axis powers in the European theatre of World War II. The coup was supported by the Romanian Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, the National Liberal Party, and the National Peasants' Party who had coalesced into the National Democratic Bloc in June 1944.
Kate Lechmere
Kate Elizabeth Lechmere (13 October 1887 – February 1976) was a British painter who with Wyndham Lewis was the co-founder of the Rebel Art Centre in 1914. As far as is known, none of Lechmere's paintings have survived. She served as a nurse in England during the First World War and had a three-year relationship with the poet and critic T.E. Hulme before he was killed. After the war she became a successful milliner.

T. E. Hulme
Thomas Ernest Hulme (/hjuːm/; 16 September 1883 – 28 September 1917) was an English critic and poet who, through his writings on art, literature and politics, had a notable influence upon modernism. He was an aesthetic philosopher and the father of imagism.
Robert Dewar
Robert Berriedale Keith Dewar (21 June 1945 – 30 June 2015) was an American computer scientist and educator. He helped to develop programming languages and compilers and was an outspoken advocate of freely licensed open-source software. He was a cofounder, CEO, and president of the AdaCore software company. He was also an enthusiastic amateur performer and musician, especially with the Village Light Opera Group in New York City.

GNAT
GNAT is a free-software compiler for the Ada programming language which forms part of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). It supports all versions of the language, i.e. Ada 2012, Ada 2005, Ada 95 and Ada 83. Originally its name was an acronym that stood for GNU NYU Ada Translator, but that name no longer applies. The front-end and run-time are written in Ada.