hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nordic bread culture
Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric times through to the present. It is often characterized by the usage of rye flour, barley flour, a mixture of nuts, seeds, and herbs, and varying densities depending on the region. Often, bread is served as an accompaniment to various recipes and meals. Nordic breads are often seasoned with an assortment of different spices and additives, such as caraway seeds, orange zest, anise, and honey.

Finnish bread
Bread is a staple food of Finland. It is served with almost every meal and many different types are produced domestically.

In the Swedish-speaking region of Åland, there are other varieties of bread, the majority of which owe much to Swedish cuisine.
Polysarcus
Polysarcus is a genus of bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae and tribe Barbitistini.  Species can be found in western Europe (but not the British Isles or Scandinavia), Middle East through to Afghanistan.

Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.  They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.

The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.
Osborne Computer Corporation
The Osborne Computer Corporation (OCC) was an American computer company and pioneering maker of portable computers. It was located in Hayward, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area.
In 1981, Adam Osborne and Lee Felsenstein developed the world's first mass-produced portable computer, the Osborne 1.

Kaypro
Kaypro Corporation was an American home and personal computer manufacturer based in Solana Beach, California, in the 1980s.  The company was founded by Non-Linear Systems (NLS) to compete with the popular Osborne 1 portable microcomputer. Kaypro produced a line of rugged, luggable CP/M-based computers sold with an extensive software bundle which supplanted its competitors and quickly became one of the top-selling personal computer lines of the early 1980s.

Kaypro was exceptionally loyal to its original customer base but slow to adapt to the changing computer market and the advent of IBM PC compatible technology. It faded from the mainstream before the end of the decade and was eventually forced into bankruptcy in 1992.
1932 Kimberley rescue
In 1932, pilot Hans Bertram and mechanic Adolph Klausmann were rescued while attempting to circumnavigate the world in a Junkers W 33 seaplane. After departing Koepang, Dutch Timor, they endured a storm in the Timor Sea on 15 May and were forced to land in a remote coastal area of the Kimberley region in northern Western Australia. The stranded men spent almost six weeks severely deprived of food and water and were close to death when they were rescued by a group of local Aboriginal fishermen on 22 June.

Junkers W 33
The Junkers W 33 was a German 1920s single-engine low-wing monoplane transport aircraft that followed Junkers standard practice making extensive use of corrugated aluminium alloy over an aluminium alloy tube frame, that was developed from the similar but slightly smaller Junkers F 13, and evolved into the similar W 34. One example, named Bremen, was the first aircraft to complete the much more difficult east–west non-stop heavier-than-air crossing of the Atlantic.
Asplenia
Asplenia is the absence of normal spleen function and is associated with some serious infection risks. Hyposplenism is the condition of reduced ('hypo-'), but not absent, splenic functioning.

Functional asplenia occurs when splenic tissue is present but does not work well (e.g. sickle-cell disease, polysplenia) – such patients are managed as if asplenic – while in anatomic asplenia, the spleen itself is absent.

Polysplenia
Polysplenia is a congenital disease manifested by multiple small accessory spleens, rather than a single, full-sized, normal spleen. Polysplenia sometimes occurs alone, but it is often accompanied by other developmental abnormalities. Conditions associated with polysplenia include gastrointestinal abnormalities, such as intestinal malrotation or biliary atresia, as well as cardiac abnormalities, such as dextrocardia. This condition occurs in 1 per 250,000 live births, with 75% of patients with polysplenia dying before the age of 5 and approximately 10% of patients making it to mid adolescence. Polysplenia occurs very rarely in adults and the elderly, because of the common association of the disorder to congenital heart defects which usually prevents those affected from reaching adulthood. Polysplenia affects more females than males.
Shannon Birchard
Shannon Birchard (born May 11, 1994) is a Canadian curler from Winnipeg, Manitoba. She currently plays second on Team Kerri Einarson from Gimli, Manitoba. The Einarson team are five-time Scotties Tournament of Hearts champions, winning the title in 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2026. Birchard also won the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts with Jennifer Jones when she filled for Kaitlyn Lawes who was competing at the PyeongChang Olympics. She won a world championship as the alternate member of the Jones team that same year when they won the event in North Bay in 2018. She has also won four Grand Slam of Curling events with the Einarson rink.

2022 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2022 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national women's curling championship, was held from January 28 to February 6 at the Fort William Gardens in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The winning team represented Canada at the 2022 World Women's Curling Championship at the CN Centre in Prince George, British Columbia.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Ontario public health orders, the tournament was held behind closed doors with no public spectators for the second season in a row. As Ontario began to permit a maximum capacity of 500 spectators at indoor sporting events beginning January 31, Curling Canada explored admitting limited public spectators for the playoff draws, but ultimately decided against doing so. Organizers later invited tournament volunteers and junior curlers from the Thunder Bay area to attend the playoff draws.
Rakshit Shetty
Rakshit Shetty (born 6 June 1983) is an Indian actor and filmmaker working predominantly in Kannada cinema. He is the recipient of a National Film Award, two Filmfare Awards South, two Karnataka State Film Awards and five SIIMA Awards. His debut film is Namm Areal Ond Dina (2010) but his breakthrough role was in Simple Agi Ondh Love Story. Shetty is regarded as "Simple Star" for his filmmaking style. He owns the production and distribution company named Paramvah Studios.

He established himself as a leading hero in Godhi Banna Sadharana Mykattu (2015), Kirik Party (2016), Avane Srimannarayana (2019), 777 Charlie (2022), and Sapta Saagaradaache Ello (2023), with 777 Charlie becoming the highest-grossing film of his career.

Sapta Saagaradaache Ello: Side A
Sapta Saagaradaache Ello: Side A (transl. "Somewhere Beyond the Seven Seas (Side A)") is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language romantic action drama film directed by Hemanth M. Rao and produced by Rakshit Shetty. It stars Rakshit Shetty and Rukmini Vasanth in lead roles. The music was composed by Charan Raj, the cinematography was handled by Advaitha Gurumurthy and edited by Sunil S. Bharadwaj and Hemanth M. Rao.

Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A was released on 1 September 2023 to positive reviews from critics. A sequel titled Sapta Saagaradaache Ello: Side B was released on 17 November 2023.
DIPAMP
DIPAMP is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a ligand in homogeneous catalysis.  It is a white solid that dissolves in organic solvents.  Work on this compound by W. S. Knowles was recognized with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. DIPAMP was the basis for one of the first industrial scale asymmetric hydrogenation, the synthesis of the drug L-DOPA.

Synthesis of L-DOPA via hydrogenation with the C2-symmetric diphosphine DIPAMP.

DIPAMP is a C2-symmetric diphosphine. Each phosphorus centre, which is pyramidal, bears three different substituents - anisyl, phenyl, and the ethylene group. The ligand therefore exists as the enantiomeric (R,R) and (S,S) pair, as well as the achiral meso isomer.

DIPAMP was originally prepared by an oxidative coupling, starting from anisyl(phenyl)(methyl)phosphine.

C2-Symmetric ligands
In homogeneous catalysis, C2-symmetric ligands refer to ligands that lack mirror symmetry but have C2 symmetry (two-fold rotational symmetry). Such ligands are usually bidentate and are valuable in catalysis. The C2 symmetry of ligands limits the number of possible reaction pathways and thereby increases enantioselectivity, relative to asymmetrical analogues. C2-symmetric ligands are a subset of chiral ligands. Chiral ligands, including C2-symmetric ligands, combine with metals or other groups to form chiral catalysts. These catalysts engage in enantioselective chemical synthesis, in which chirality in the catalyst yields chirality in the reaction product.
Earl of Marlborough
Earl of Marlborough is a title that has been created twice, both times in the Peerage of England. The first time was in 1626 in favour of James Ley, 1st Baron Ley, and the second was in 1689 for John Churchill, 1st Baron Churchill, the future Duke of Marlborough.

James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough
James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough (c. 1552–1629) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1622. He was Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland and then in England, and was Lord High Treasurer from 1624 to 1628. On 31 December 1624, James I created him  Baron Ley, of Ley in the County of Devon, and on 5 February 1626, Charles I created him Earl of Marlborough. Both titles became extinct upon the death of the 4th Earl of Marlborough in 1679.
Francisca Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo
Doña Francisca Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo (1815-1891) was a Californio pioneer. A member of the Carrillo family of California, Carrillo was the wife of Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. Carrillo was an early settler of Sonoma, California, the town founded by her husband. She survived the Bear Flag Rebellion and went on to oversee the Vallejo estate, Lachryma Montis, until her death in 1891. The city of Benicia, California is named after her.

Benicia, California
Benicia is a city in Solano County, California, on the north bank of the Carquinez Strait in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It served as the capital of California for nearly thirteen months from 1853 to 1854. The population was 27,131 at the 2020 United States census. Benicia is just east of Vallejo and across the strait from Martinez.
KOPASKA
The Kopaska (Indonesian: Komando Pasukan Katak, lit. 'Frogman Forces Command') is the premier frogman and underwater demolition unit of the Indonesian Navy. The unit's motto is Tan Hana Wighna Tan Sirna (Sanskrit for "There is no obstacle that cannot be defeated").  The unit's main duties are underwater demolition (raiding enemy ships and bases), destroying main underwater installations, reconnaissance, prisoner snatches, preparing beaches for larger naval amphibious operations, and counter-terrorism. During peacetime, the unit also deploys a team to serve as security personnel for VIPs and VVIPs.

The personnel of Kopaska are recruited from Indonesian Navy seamen. Like other Indonesian special forces, Kopaska is trained to be able to conduct operations in the sea, including underwater, on land and airborne.

Indonesian Navy
The Indonesian Navy (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, lit. 'Indonesian National Military-Sea Force', TNI-AL) is the naval branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It was founded on 10 September 1945 and has a role to patrol Indonesia's lengthy coastline, to enforce and patrol the territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Indonesia, to protect Indonesia's maritime strategic interests, to protect the islands surrounding Indonesia, and to defend against seaborne threats.

The Navy is headed by the Chief of Staff of the Navy (Kepala Staf Angkatan Laut – KSAL or KASAL). The Indonesian Navy consists of three major fleets known as "Armada", which are Komando Armada I (1st Fleet Command) located in Tanjung Uban, Komando Armada II (2nd Fleet Command) located in Surabaya, Komando Armada III (3rd Fleet Command) located in Sorong, and one Komando Lintas Laut Militer (Military Sealift Command). The Navy also heads the Marine Corps.
Max Boisot
Max Henri Boisot (11 November 1943 – 7 September 2011) was a British architect and management consultant who was professor of Strategic Management at the ESADE business school in Barcelona. known for his ideas about the information economy, the Information Space, social capital and social learning theory.

I-Space (conceptual framework)
The Information Space or I-Space is a conceptual framework relating the degree of structure of knowledge (i.e. its level of codification and abstraction) to its diffusibility (i.e. how, why, and at what rate it spreads) as that knowledge develops.
Lady Evelyn Beauchamp
Lady Evelyn Leonora Almina Beauchamp (/ˈbiːtʃəm/ BEE-chəm; née Herbert; 15 August 1901 – 31 January 1980), always known to her family as Eve, was the daughter of George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon. In November 1922, she, her father, and the archaeologist Howard Carter were the first people in modern times to enter the tomb of the Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun. She later married Sir Brograve Beauchamp and had a daughter. Lady Evelyn died in 1980, at the age of 78.

Brograve Beauchamp
Sir Brograve Campbell Beauchamp, 2nd Baronet (5 May 1897 – 25 August 1976) was a British businessman and National Liberal and Conservative Party politician.

Beauchamp was the son of the Liberal politician and Lloyd's chairman Sir Edward Beauchamp, 1st Baronet, and his second wife Betty Campbell Beauchamp (née Woods), an American from Columbus, Ohio. Educated at Eton College, he served in the Life Guards during the First World War, but did not serve overseas. His elder brother, Edward Archibald Beauchamp, was killed in the war and Brograve therefore succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1925. Sir Brograve died on 25 August 1976 at the age of 79, and the title became extinct.
Alive in Poland
Alive in Poland is the fifth release and second live album by English heavy metal band Blaze Bayley, released in 2007. It features mostly the band's original material, though they also play some Iron Maiden and Wolfsbane covers, as lead singer Blaze Bayley used to be in both bands.

Blaze Bayley
Blaze Bayley (born Bayley Alexander Cooke, 29 May 1963) is an English heavy metal singer. He was the lead singer of Wolfsbane from 1984 to 1994 (and currently since 2010, following reunions in 2007 and 2009). He was also the lead singer of Iron Maiden from 1994 to 1999. Since then, he has pursued a solo career and has released eleven studio albums. Blaze was voted number 67 in Sweden Rock magazine's top 100 singers of all time.
Colm Mulcahy
Colm Mulcahy (born September 1958) is an Irish mathematician, academic, columnist, book author, public outreach speaker, amateur magician and Professor Emeritus at Spelman College. In addition to algebra, number theory, and geometry, his interests include mathemagical card magic and the culture of mathematics–particularly the contributions of Irish mathematicians and also the works of iconic mathematics writer Martin Gardner.

In 2024 he received the Maths Week Ireland Award.

Maths Week Ireland
Maths Week Ireland (MWI) is an annual all-island (Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) mathematics outreach initiative  which takes place throughout Ireland each October.  It was founded in 2006 by Waterford Institute of Technology (now SETU) staff members Eoin Gill and Sheila Donegan (based on an idea by Gill), and is a project of that institution's STEM outreach Centre for the Advancement of Learning of Maths, Science and Technology (CALMAST).  Gill (an engineer) and Donegan (a chemist) continue to direct and run MWI.

In 2019 MWI engaged over 400,000 people on an island with a population of under 7 million and is arguably the world's largest mathematics festival.
Galinha à portuguesa
Portuguese chicken (traditional Chinese: 葡國雞; simplified Chinese: 葡国鸡), also known as Portuguese-style chicken or galinha à portuguesa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡɐˈlĩɲaapuɾtuˈɣezɐ]) is a dish found in Macanese cuisine.

Despite its name, Portuguese chicken did not originate from Portugal, but from its former colony Macau. The dish is not found in Portuguese cuisine.

The dish consists of chicken pieces served with Portuguese sauce, which is likened to a mild yellow curry thickened with coconut milk.

Macanese cuisine
Macanese cuisine (Chinese: 澳門土生葡菜, Portuguese: culinária macaense) is mainly influenced by Chinese cuisine, especially Cantonese cuisine, and European cuisine, predominantly Portuguese cuisine, and influences from Southeast Asia and the Lusophone world, due to Macau's past as a Portuguese colony and long history of being an international tourist gambling centre.

It is an early example of a fusion cuisine and dates to the 16th century.
Max Strus
Max Strus (/struːs/ STROOSS; born March 28, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) He played college basketball for the Lewis Flyers and the DePaul Blue Demons. Prior to the Cavaliers, Strus played two games for the Chicago Bulls in his rookie season before signing with the Miami Heat, with whom he reached the NBA Finals in 2023.

Lewis Flyers
The Lewis Flyers are the athletic teams that represent Lewis University, located in Romeoville, Illinois, United States, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) for most of its sports since the 1980–81 academic year; while its men's volleyball team competes in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA). Since it is not a sponsored sport at the Division II level, the men's volleyball team is the only program that plays in Division I.

Prior to joining the NCAA, Lewis was a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) member, primarily competing in the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference (CCAC) from 1954–55 to 1979–80.
Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions
Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions is a result in additive combinatorics concerning the existence of arithmetic progressions in subsets of the natural numbers. It was first proven by Klaus Roth in 1953. Roth's theorem is a special case of Szemerédi's theorem for the case .

Szemerédi's theorem
In arithmetic combinatorics, Szemerédi's theorem is a result concerning arithmetic progressions in subsets of the integers. In 1936, Erdős and Turán conjectured that every set of integers A with positive natural density contains a k-term arithmetic progression for every k. Endre Szemerédi proved the conjecture in 1975.
Billy Diamond
Billy Diamond (May 19, 1949 – September 30, 2010) was the Chief of the Waskaganish, Quebec Cree from 1970 to 1976, the Grand Chief of the Grand Council of the Crees from 1974 to 1984, and a successful businessman who founded Air Creebec.

Diamond was elected Chief of the Cree Nation of Waskaganish at the age of 21. On November 11, 1975, he signed The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement with the Canadian government. Using funds from the settlement, he created Air Creebec, Cree Construction Company Limited, and Cree Yamaha Motors. For his outstanding achievements, Billy Diamond was appointed as a Chevalier into the Ordre National du Quebec in 1987. On March 19, 1990, Diamond was a guest on 100 Huntley Street.

Diamond died at the age of 61 from a heart attack. In accordance with his instructions, his tombstone reads: "Gone to a meeting - will return."

Waskaganish
Waskaganish (Cree: ᐙᔅᑳᐦᐄᑲᓂᔥ/wâskâhîkaniš, Little House; French pronunciation: [waskaɡaniʃ]) is a Cree community of over 2,500 people at the mouth of the Rupert River on the south-east shore of James Bay in Nord-du-Québec, Canada. Waskaganish is part of the territory referred to as "Eeyou Istchee" ("The Land of the People" in Cree) encompassing the traditional territories of Cree people in the James Bay regions of what is now Northern Quebec and Ontario.

The community of Waskaganish celebrated its 350th year anniversary in 2018. The village is located at the site of the former Fort Rupert, the first Hudson's Bay Company trading post on Hudson Bay.
Ida B. Wells Homes
The Ida B. Wells Homes, which also included the Clarence Darrow Homes and Madden Park Homes, was a Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, bordered by 35th Street to the north, Pershing Road (39th Street) to the south, Cottage Grove Avenue to the east, and Martin Luther King Drive to the west. The Ida B. Wells Homes consisted of rowhouses, mid-rises, and high-rise apartment buildings, constructed between 1939 and 1941 to house African American tenants. They were closed and demolished between 2002 and 2011.

Ida B. Wells (1862-1931), the civil rights advocate and investigative journalist, lived nearby, and The Light of Truth Ida B. Wells National Monument was dedicated in the neighborhood in 2022.

The Light of Truth Ida B. Wells National Monument
The Light of Truth Ida B. Wells National Monument is a bronze and marble public sculpture by artist Richard Hunt. Located in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, the sculpture takes its name from a quote by civil rights activist and investigative journalist Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931): "The way to right wrongs is to turn the light of truth upon them". It was unveiled in 2021 by the Ida B. Wells Commemorative Art Committee.
Blagoveshchensk
Blagoveshchensk (Russian: Благовещенск, IPA: [bləɡɐˈvʲeɕːɪnsk], lit. 'City of the Annunciation') is a city and the administrative center of Amur Oblast, Russia. It is located at the confluence of the Amur and the Zeya Rivers, opposite the Chinese city of Heihe.

The Amur has formed Russia's border with China since the 1858 Aigun Treaty and the 1860 Treaty of Peking. The area north of the Amur belonged to the Manchu Qing dynasty by the Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 until it was ceded to Russia by the Aigun Treaty in 1858.

Heihe
Heihe (Chinese: 黑河; pinyin: Hēihé; lit. 'Black River'; Russian: Хэйхэ) is a prefecture-level city of northern Heilongjiang province, China, located on the Russian border, on the south bank of the Amur (Heilong) River, across the river from Blagoveshchensk. At the 2020 census, 1,286,401 people lived in the prefecture-level city of whom 223,832 lived in the built-up area (or metro) made of Aihui District. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 1.23 million, including 823,000 in urban areas and 407,000 in rural areas.

Heihe marks the northeast terminus of the diagonal Heihe–Tengchong Line, which is sometimes used to divide China into east and west.
Ultra-Obscene
Ultra-Obscene is the debut studio album by Breakbeat Era, a collaborative project consisting of Roni Size, DJ Die, and Leonie Laws. It was released on XL Recordings in 1999. It peaked at number 31 on the UK Albums Chart.

Breakbeat Era
Breakbeat Era was a British music group from Bristol. It consisted of producers Roni Size and DJ Die and singer Leonie Laws. The group released a studio album, Ultra-Obscene, in 1999. It peaked at number 31 on the UK Albums Chart.