hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel of Nehardea
Samuel of Nehardea or Samuel bar Abba, often simply called Samuel (Hebrew: שמואל) and occasionally Mar Samuel, was a Jewish Amora of the first generation; son of Abba bar Abba and head of the Yeshiva at Nehardea, Babylonia. He was a teacher of halakha, judge, physician, and astronomer. He was born about 165 CE at Nehardea, and died there in 254 CE. In the Talmud, Samuel is frequently associated with Abba Arikha ("Rav"), with whom he debated on many issues.

Abba Arikha
Rav Abba bar Aybo (Aramaic: רַב אַבָּא בַּר אִיבּוֹ; 175–247 CE), commonly known as Abba Arikha (אַבָּא אריכא) or simply as Rav (רַב), was a Jewish amora of the 3rd century. He was born and lived in Kafri, Asoristan, in the Sasanian Empire.

In Sura, Arikha established the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as a foundational text, led to the compilation of the Talmud. With him began the long period of ascendancy of the prestigious Talmudic academies in Babylonia around the year 220. In the Talmud, he is frequently associated with Samuel of Nehardea, a fellow amora with whom he debated many issues.
Farnham Common
Farnham Common is a village in
southern Buckinghamshire, England, 3 miles north of Slough and 3 miles south of Beaconsfield, on the A355 road. It adjoins the ancient woodland of Burnham Beeches, has an area of 2.5 miles and a population of around 6,000. It is in the civil parish of Farnham Royal.

Farnham Royal
Farnham Royal is a village and civil parish within Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the south of the county, immediately north of Slough (with which it is contiguous), and around 22 miles west of Charing Cross, Central London. Within the parish boundary is the village of Farnham Common and the hamlet of Farnham Park.
Lysfanga: The Time Shift Warrior
Lysfanga: The Time Shift Warrior is a 2024 action game developed by Sand Door Studio and published by Quantic Dream.  Players control a warrior who can fight alongside version of herself from past runs.

Quantic Dream
Quantic Dream SA is a French video game developer and publisher based in Paris. Founded in 1997, the company has developed five video games: The Nomad Soul (1999), Fahrenheit (2005), Heavy Rain (2010), Beyond: Two Souls (2013), and Detroit: Become Human (2018). The company is known for promoting interactive storytelling, with founder David Cage as the primary creative force. The studio was acquired by NetEase in August 2022 to act as its first European studio.
Cellular confinement
Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention. Typical cellular confinement systems are geosynthetics made with ultrasonically welded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) strips or novel polymeric alloy (NPA)—and expanded on-site to form a honeycomb-like structure—and filled with sand, soil, rock, gravel or concrete.

Mechanically stabilized earth
Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, bridge abutments, seawalls, and dikes. Although the basic principles of MSE have been used throughout history, MSE was developed in its current form in the 1960s. The reinforcing elements used can vary but include steel and geosynthetics.

MSE is the term usually used in the US to distinguish it from the trade name "Reinforced Earth". Elsewhere "reinforced soil" is the generally accepted term.
A Knack to Know a Knave
A Knack to Know a Knave is a 1592 play closely associated with the principal performers Edward Alleyn and William Kempe. The play is a comic morality tale designed to highlight the talents of the celebrated clown Kempe, and is known from one text. The author is unknown, though the involvement of Robert Greene has been suggested, as well as George Peele and Thomas Nashe. Recent scholarship has argued for a Shakespearean connection. On the basis of traditional literary-critical analysis and digital textual methods, Darren Freebury-Jones has proposed that the case for Robert Wilson's authorship of A Knack to Know a Knave is compelling. The play gives an insight into the nature of Elizabethan theatre during Shakespeare's time and the relationship between playscript and extemporised comedy.

Robert Greene (dramatist)
Robert Greene (1558–1592) was a popular Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer. He is said to have been born in Norwich. He attended Cambridge where he received a BA in 1580, and an M.A. in 1583 before moving to London, where he arguably became the first professional author in England. He was prolific and published in many genres including romances, plays and autobiography.

Greene's most famous play is Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. He is also known for a posthumous pamphlet attributed to him, Greene's Groats-Worth of Witte, bought with a million of Repentance, widely believed to contain an attack on William Shakespeare.
Ally Anderson
Alexandra Janaya Anderson (born 25 March 1994) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Brisbane Lions in the AFL Women's (AFLW). Anderson won the 2022 AFL Women's season 7 best and fairest award, and is a dual AFL Women's premiership player, three-time AFL Women's All-Australian and four-time Brisbane best and fairest winner. Anderson is the Brisbane and AFL Women's games record holder with 108 games.

2022 AFL Women's season 7 best and fairest
The 2022 AFL Women's season 7 best and fairest award was presented to the player adjudged the best and fairest player during 2022 AFL Women's season 7. Brisbane's Ally Anderson won the award with 21 votes, becoming the second consecutive Brisbane player to win the award after teammate Emily Bates won the season 6 award. Having missed selection in the 2022 AFL Women's season 7 All-Australian team, Anderson became the first AFLW player to win the league best and fairest award but miss All-Australian selection in the same season.
Idra Group
Idra Group (Idra Srl., originally Idra Presse S.p.A.) is an Italian manufacturer of die casting machinery, founded in 1946 in Brescia, Italy. The company is recognized for advancing the high‑pressure die casting industry and for developing the Giga Press, one of the largest aluminium die casting machines in the world. This technology has been adopted by leading automotive OEMs worldwide for producing large structural components across electric, hybrid, and conventional vehicle platforms. The Gigapress allows for simplified assembly, reduced energy consumption, and fewer individual parts, representing a major innovation in automotive manufacturing.

Giga Press
The Giga Press program is a series of  aluminium die casting machines manufactured for Tesla, initially by Idra Group in Italy. Idra presses were the largest high-pressure die casting machines in production as of 2020, with a clamping force of 55,000 to 61,000 kilonewtons (5,600 to 6,200 tf). Each machine weighs 410–430 tonnes (900,000–950,000 lb).

Base specification Giga Press machines were included in Idra's catalogue in 2018. Tesla began using a custom OL 6100 CS Giga Press in late-2020 for integrated die-casting production of chassis parts for the Tesla Model Y.

Shots of molten  aluminium weighing 80 kilograms (180 lb) are injected into the cold-chamber casting mold with a velocity of 10 metres per second (22 mph; 36 km/h). The cycle time is ~80–90 seconds, allowing an initial output rate of 40‒45 completed castings per hour, or ~1,000 castings per day.
Mark Bagley
Mark Bagley (/ˈbæɡli/; born August 7, 1957) is an American comics artist. He has worked for Marvel Comics on such titles as The Amazing Spider-Man, Thunderbolts, The New Warriors, Venom and Ultimate Spider-Man and for DC Comics on Justice League of America, Batman, and Trinity. Bagley co-created Marvel Comics characters Carnage and the Thunderbolts.

Venom (comic book)
Venom is the title of several American comic book series published by Marvel Comics focusing on the various heroic and villainous incarnations of the character Venom, which have usually consisted of a human host and amorphous alien being called a symbiote. The first incarnation of the character was the one created by the third and current human host to the symbiote (the first two being Spider-Man and Tel-Kar), Eddie Brock, and—since 2011—its fifth host, Flash Thompson. Beginning with Venom: Lethal Protector, eighteen limited series following Brock's adventures were published monthly between February 1993 and January 1998. A monthly Venom series began publication in 2003, following a new character, Patricia Robertson, and a clone of the original symbiote. The series concluded in 2004 after 18 issues. In 2011 another monthly series, following the adventures of Flash Thompson, was launched. The series resumed with vol. 3, vol. 4, and vol. 5 from 2016 to present.
Dillon Brooks
Dillon Brooks (/ˈdɪlən/ DIL-ən; born January 22, 1996) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oregon Ducks, where he was named a consensus second-team All-American and earned conference player of the year honors in the Pac-12 in 2017. Brooks was selected in the second round of the 2017 NBA draft. He began his career with the Memphis Grizzlies, earning NBA All-Defensive Second Team honors in 2023. He was traded to the Houston Rockets in July 2023 and was later dealt to the Suns after two seasons with Houston.

In 2023, Brooks was named the FIBA World Cup Best Defensive Player after helping the Canada national team to bronze.

Brooks has developed a controversial reputation for his trash talk and physical play, though others consider him a culture setter.

Canada men's national basketball team
The Canada men's national basketball team (French: Équipe du Canada de basketball masculin) represents Canada in international basketball competitions since 1923. They are overseen by Canada Basketball, the governing body for basketball in Canada.

In 10 Olympic appearances, Canada has won one medal in basketball – a silver at the 1936 Games in Berlin. The team finished fourth in 1976 and 1984. Canada has won six medals at the FIBA AmeriCup – two silver medals in 1980 and 1999, as well as four bronze medals in 1984, 1988, 2001, and 2015. In recent decades, the team also won its first medals at the Pan American Games, a silver medal in 2015, and the FIBA World Cup, a bronze medal in 2023.

The Canadian senior national team won its only gold medal at a university-level tournament, the 1983 Summer Universiade, which the country hosted in Edmonton, Alberta.
Kaltenburg Castle
Kaltenburg Castle is a ruined castle, located in the Lonetal (Lone River Valley) between the cities of Giengen and Niederstotzingen in the district of Heidenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.  The castle was built during the High Middle Ages and though ruined, most of the walls are intact.

Niederstotzingen
Niederstotzingen (German: [niːdɐˈʃtɔtsɪŋən] ⓘ) is a small city in the district of Heidenheim in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is situated 17 km southeast of Heidenheim, and 24 km northeast of Ulm.  The city consists of four sections or villages; Niederstotzingen, Oberstotzingen, Stetten ob Lontal and the combined section Lontal und Reuendorf. There are 4,850 inhabitants.
Valeriya Khodos
Valeriya Ihorivna Khodos (Ukrainian: Валерія Ігорівна Ходос, IPA: [wɐˈlɛr⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ ˈiɦor⁽ʲ⁾iu̯nɐ ˈxɔdos]; born November 19, 1986) is a Ukrainian actress, director, and writer known for her work in film, television, and theater. She was born in Kyiv, then part of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union.

Khodos graduated from the Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary Theatre, Cinema and Television University and began her screen career in 2006 with a minor role in the film The Secret of St. Patrick. She has since become a notable figure in contemporary Ukrainian cinema. In 2016, she gained wider recognition for her lead role as Kateryna Shvets in the historical miniseries Kateryna, and for her appearance in the internationally distributed feature film Bitter Harvest (2017), set during the Holodomor of the 1930s.

Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary Theatre, Cinema and Television University
The Kyiv National Ivan Karpovych Karpenko-Karyi Theatre, Cinema and Television University (Ukrainian: Київський національний університет театру, кіно і телебачення імені Івана Карповича Карпенка-Карого) is the national university specializing exclusively in performing arts and located in Kyiv, Ukraine. The university is a multidisciplinary institution that includes a department of theatrical arts and the Institute of Screen Arts.

The university has four campuses around the city of Kyiv and a separate student dormitory. The acting rector of the university is Inna Kocharian.
Clerkenwell Priory
Clerkenwell Priory was a priory of the Monastic Order of the Knights Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem, in present Clerkenwell, London.  The Order observed the Rule of Saint Augustine. The Priory was the residence of the Hospitallers' Grand Prior in England, and was thus their English headquarters. Its great landholding – until Protestant monarch Edward VI of England – was in the ancient parish of Marylebone, in the now Inner London area known as St John's Wood. The Priory had farmed out the land on agricultural tenancies as a source of produce and income.

St John's Gate, Clerkenwell
St John's Gate, in Clerkenwell, Middlesex, now within central London, is one of the few tangible remains from Clerkenwell's monastic past. It was built in 1504 by Prior Thomas Docwra as the south entrance to the inner precinct of Clerkenwell Priory, the English headquarters of the Knights of the Order of St John (known as the Knights Hospitaller).

The substructure is of brick, while the north and south façades are of stone. After centuries of decay and much rebuilding, very little of the stone facing is original. Heavily restored in the 19th century, the Gate today is in large part a Victorian recreation, the handiwork of a succession of architects—William Pettit Griffith, R. Norman Shaw, and J. Oldrid Scott.
R314 road (Ireland)
The R314 road is a regional road in County Mayo in Ireland. It connects the R313 road at Atticonaun to the N59 road in Ballina, 69.9 kilometres (43.4 mi) away (map).

The government legislation that defines the R314, the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 (Statutory Instrument 54 of 2012), provides the following official description:

Béal an Mhuirthead — Ballycastle — Ballina, County Mayo

Between its junction with the R313 at Áit Tí Conain in the county of Mayo and its junction with N59 at Circular Road in the town of Ballina via Moing Eiriún, Gleann na Muaidhe, Béal Deirg, Ballycastle, Palmerstown Bridge, Killybrone; George Street, Market Street and Church Street at Killala; Meelick, Tawnaghmore Upper and Culleens in the county of Mayo: and Killala Road in the town of Ballina.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg
The Consecration of the Soldiers' National Cemetery was the ceremony at which U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863. In addition to the 15,000 spectators, attendees included six state governors: Andrew Gregg Curtin of Pennsylvania, Augustus Bradford of Maryland, Oliver P. Morton of Indiana, Horatio Seymour of New York, Joel Parker of New Jersey, and David Tod of Ohio. Reporters present included Joseph Gilbert (Associated Press), Charles Hale (Boston Advertiser),: 14  John Russell Young (Philadelphia Press); and Cincinnati Commercial,: 13  New York Tribune, & The New York Times reporters.: 15

Evergreen Cemetery (Adams County, Pennsylvania)
Evergreen Cemetery – formerly called Citizen's Cemetery and Ever Green Cemetery – is a historic 29.12 acre rural cemetery located just outside Gettysburg Borough, in Cumberland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District, and is surrounded by Gettysburg National Military Park and Soldiers' National Cemetery.

The cemetery played a strategic role in the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg. Four months after the battle, at the dedication of the immediately-adjacent National Cemetery, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his "Gettysburg Address" from a platform in Evergreen Cemetery.
ISO 22380
ISO 22380:2018  Security and resilience – Authenticity, integrity and trust for products and documents – General principles for product fraud risk and countermeasures, is an international standard developed by ISO/TC 292 Security and resilience and published by the International Organization for Standardization in 2018. 
ISO 22380 is a guidance document that provides principles on how to identify the risks related to various types of product fraud and product fraudsters. The included guidance can be used by any type of organization in order to establish strategic, countermeasures to prevent or reduce any harm from fraudulent attacks.

ISO/TC 292
ISO/TC 292 Security and resilience is a technical committee of the International Organization for Standardization formed in 2015 to develop standards in the area of security and resilience.

When ISO/TC 292 was created the following three committees were merged.

ISO/TC 223 Societal security (2001–2014)

ISO/TC 247 Fraud countermeasures and controls (2009–2014)

ISO/PC 284 Management system for quality of PSC operations (2013–2014)
Novosibirsk Rail Bridge
The Novosibirsk Rail Bridge is a single-track bridge across the Ob River, a component of the original Trans-Siberian Railway mainline, was designed by Nikolai Belelubsky and built between 1893 and 1897. Its location, selected by Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky near Krivoschekovo village (Russian: Кривощёково), is believed to have influenced Novosibirsk's founding.

Nikolai Belelubsky
Nikolai Apollonovich Belelubsky (Russian: Николай Аполлонович Белелюбский; Ukrainian: Микола Аполлонович Бєлелюбський, romanized: Mykola Apollonovych Bieleliubskyi; 1 [O.S. 13] March 1845, Kharkiv – August 4, 1922, Petrograd) was a distinguished Russian academic specialising in railway and civil engineering. Throughout his life, he became a member of many learned societies and the author of many papers and lectures.
Master of the Mint
Master of the Mint is a title within the Royal Mint given to the most senior person responsible for its operation. It was an office in the governments of Scotland and England, and later Great Britain and then the United Kingdom, between the 16th and 19th centuries. Until 1699, the appointment was usually for life. Its holder occasionally sat in the cabinet.

During the interregnum (1643–1660), the last Master of the Mint to Charles I, Sir Robert Harley, transferred his allegiance to Parliament and remained in office. After his death in 1656, Aaron Guerdon was appointed.

In 1870 the role was amalgamated into the office of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, making the Chancellor, by virtue of her position, the Master of the Mint. The duty of running the mint was given to the Deputy Master of the Mint; who is now the mint's Chief Executive.

Robert Harley (1579–1656)
Sir Robert Harley KB (baptised 1 March 1579 – 6 November 1656) was an English statesman who served as Master of the Mint for Charles I. A devout Puritan, he supported Parliament in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
Tamiang Layang
Tamiang Layang (abbreviated: TML), a sub-district in the district of Dusun Timur, is the regency seat of East Barito Regency and also one of the towns in Central Kalimantan. This town is at a distance of 287 km east of Palangka Raya city, the capital of Central Kalimantan Province. The population of this town is roughly 10,780 people as of 2021.

East Barito Regency
East Barito Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Barito Timur) is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. It was formed on 10 April 2002 from districts which were formerly part of South Barito Regency. The town of Tamiang Layang is the capital of East Barito Regency, which covers an area of 3,834 km2. The population of the Regency was 97,372 at the 2010 Census and 113,229 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 117,312 (comprising 60,032 males and 57,280 females).
Action 52
Action 52 is an unlicensed multicart video game compilation developed by Active Enterprises for the Nintendo Entertainment System and by FarSight Technologies for the Sega Genesis. The NES version was released in 1992, followed by the Genesis version in 1993. The multicart consists of 52 games in a variety of genres, mostly scrolling shooters and platformers. The "featured" game is The Cheetahmen, which was part of Active's failed attempt to create a franchise similar to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

The NES version of Action 52 sold poorly and became infamous among gamers for the poor quality and functionality of its games; it is often considered to be one of the worst video games of all time. The Genesis version is widely considered superior, though still of subpar quality. Many video game collectors value Action 52 for its notoriety and rarity. It initially retailed for the comparatively high price of US$199 (equivalent to $459 in 2024).

Jay Obernolte
Jay Phillip Obernolte (/ˈoʊbərˌnoʊlti/ OH-bər-NOHL-tee; born August 18, 1970) is an American politician and businessman serving as the U.S. representative for California's 23rd district since 2021, when it was numbered as the 8th district. A Republican, he was previously a member of the California State Assembly representing the 33rd district. Before serving in the Assembly, Obernolte served on the city council and was the mayor of Big Bear Lake, California. He is the owner, president, and technical director of FarSight Studios, an American video game developer.

Obernolte is the only Republican to represent a district with area in Los Angeles County.
Jim DuPlessis
James Carme DuPlessis (born November 19, 1969) is an American politician and engineer who served as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives for House District 25 from 2015 to 2023. As an engineer, he works for ChemTreat Inc. DuPlessis unseated longtime representative, Jimmie Lee, in the 2014 election and was re-elected in 2016. He did not seek reelection in 2022.

Jimmie Lee
Jimmie C. Lee (born March 27, 1937) is an American politician and former Democratic member of the Kentucky House of Representatives representing District 25 from January 1993 to January 2015. He was defeated for reelection in 2014 by Republican Jim DuPlessis.