hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mariette Hartley
Mary Loretta Hartley (born June 21, 1940) is an American film and television actress. She is possibly best known for her roles in film as Elsa Knudsen in Sam Peckinpah's Ride the High Country (1962), Susan Clabon in Alfred Hitchcock's Marnie (1964), and Betty Lloyd in John Sturges' Marooned (1969). She has appeared extensively on television, with notable roles as Claire Morton in the ABC  soap opera Peyton Place (1965), various roles in the CBS television Western drama series Gunsmoke, and a series of commercials with James Garner in the 1970s and 1980s.

Peyton Place (TV series)
Peyton Place is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on ABC in half-hour episodes from September 15, 1964, to June 2, 1969.

Loosely based upon the 1956 novel of the same name by Grace Metalious, the series was preceded by a 1957 film adaptation. A total of 514 episodes were broadcast, in black-and-white from 1964 to 1966 and in color from 1966 to 1969. The first color episode is episode #268. At the show's peak, ABC ran three new episodes a week. The program was produced by 20th Century Fox Television. A number of guest stars appeared in the series for extended periods, among them Dan Duryea, Susan Oliver, Leslie Nielsen, Gena Rowlands, and Lee Grant (who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama for her role of tough-as-nails Stella Chernak). The series served as the springboard for such performers as Mia Farrow, Ryan O'Neal, Barbara Parkins, Christopher Connelly, David Canary, Mariette Hartley, and Lana Wood.
Teodoro Moscoso Bridge
The Teodoro Moscoso Bridge (Spanish: Puente Teodoro Moscoso) is a 2.25 kilometers (1.40 mi) long, four-lane toll bridge in northeastern coastal Puerto Rico, crossing over the San José Lagoon and connecting the municipalities of San Juan and Carolina in the main metropolitan area of the archipelago and island since its opening in 1994. Serving as a west-east extension of the Jesus T. Piñero Expressway (PR-17), it links this thoroughfare in the Hato Rey and Río Piedras business and commercial centers in San Juan with the Román Baldorioty de Castro Expressway (PR-26) in the Isla Verde resort area in Carolina, becoming a direct passageway from and to Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport. The bridge, the longest in Puerto Rico, recognizably has flagpoles on both sides with alternating American and Puerto Rican flags.

Carolina, Puerto Rico
Carolina (/ˌkæroʊˈliːnə/; Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾoˈlina]) is a city and municipality on the northeastern coastal plain of Puerto Rico, immediately east of San Juan and Trujillo Alto, north of Gurabo and Juncos, and west of Canóvanas and Loíza. Part of the San Juan metropolitan area, Carolina is spread over 12 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Carolina Pueblo. In the coastal region of the municipality lies the resort and residential district of Isla Verde, where the main international airport of Puerto Rico, the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, is located. Carolina is the third most populated municipality in the archipelago and island.
Penny Schwinn
Penny Schwinn (born 1982) is an American educator who served as Education Commissioner of Tennessee from 2019 to 2023.

Schwinn was appointed by Governor Bill Lee on January 17, 2019, and was sworn in on February 1, 2019. In May 2023, Schwinn resigned to work for the University of Florida. In January 2025, she was nominated by President-elect Donald Trump to serve as the United States Deputy Secretary of Education. On July 31, 2025, Secretary Linda McMahon announced that Schwinn's candidacy for Deputy Secretary had been withdrawn.

Tennessee Department of Education
The Tennessee Department of Education (TDOE) is the state education agency of Tennessee. It is headquartered on the 9th floor of the Andrew Johnson Tower in Nashville. Lizzette Gonzales Reynolds is the current Commissioner of Education. She has held that position since June 29, 2023. Her predecessor was Dr. Penny Schwinn, who was sworn in on February 1, 2019. Prior to Dr. Schwinn, Candice McQueen held the position.
Leader of Alderney
The Leader of Alderney is the civil leader of Alderney. Alderney is a dependency of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. Its leader has traditionally been appointed by the British Crown and has been known by various titles including Lord of Alderney, Governor of Alderney, and the current President of the States of Alderney. The President of the States of Alderney is directly elected every four years and there is no constitutional limit to the number of terms served. The current president, William Tate has held the post since 2019.

Governor of Alderney
The Governor of Alderney was the title of the Leader of the Channel Island of Alderney between 1660 and 1825. The position eventually became a hereditary governorship after the fief was purchased from the Crown.
Multivariate stable distribution
The multivariate stable distribution is a multivariate probability distribution that is a multivariate generalisation of the univariate stable distribution.  The multivariate stable distribution defines linear relations between stable distribution marginals.  In the same way as for the univariate case, the distribution is defined in terms of its characteristic function.

The multivariate stable distribution can also be thought as an extension of the multivariate normal distribution. It has parameter, α, which is defined over the range 0 < α ≤ 2, and where the case α = 2 is equivalent to the multivariate normal distribution. It has an additional skew parameter that allows for non-symmetric distributions, where the multivariate normal distribution is symmetric.

Multivariate normal distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the multivariate normal distribution, multivariate Gaussian distribution, or joint normal distribution is a generalization of the one-dimensional (univariate) normal distribution to higher dimensions.  One definition is that a random vector is said to be k-variate normally distributed if every linear combination of its k components has a univariate normal distribution. Its importance derives mainly from the multivariate central limit theorem. The multivariate normal distribution is often used to describe, at least approximately, any set of (possibly) correlated real-valued random variables, each of which clusters around a mean value.
Chain-ladder method
The chain-ladder or development  method is a prominent actuarial loss reserving technique. 
The chain-ladder method is used in both the property and casualty and health insurance fields. Its intent is to estimate incurred but not reported claims and project ultimate loss amounts.
The primary underlying assumption of the chain-ladder method is that historical loss development patterns are indicative of future loss development patterns.

Incurred but not reported
In insurance, incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims is the amount owed by an insurer to all valid claimants who have had a covered loss but have not yet reported it. Since the insurer knows neither how many of these losses have occurred, nor the severity of each loss, IBNR is necessarily an estimate. The sum of IBNR losses plus reported losses yields an estimate of the total eventual liabilities the insurer will cover, known as ultimate losses.
1944 Zegveld Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress crash
The 1944 Zegveld Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress crash was a crash of the American Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber San Antonio Rose near the village of Zegveld, Netherlands, on 21 February 1944, during World War II. The aircraft was returning from a bombing mission over Braunschweig, Germany, when it was attacked by German fighters and crashed in a field. Eight crew members died, and two survived as prisoners of war.

In Zegveld a memorial is placed near the crash location. In 2020 an exhibition about the crash has been held. Historian Jeroen van der Kamp spent seven years researching the incident and wrote a book about it and gave lectures about it.

Zegveld
Zegveld is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Woerden and lies about 5 km northwest of Woerden.

In 2001 the town of Zegveld had 1,576 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.21 km2, and contained 563 residences. The statistical district "Zegveld" has a population of around 2360. This covers the entire former municipality, including the hamlets of Lagebroek and Stichtse Meije.
Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as Slobozhanshchyna or Slobozhanshchina, is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia. It developed from Belgorod Razriad and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. In 1765, it was converted into the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate.

Kharkov Governorate
Kharkov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1765 to 1780 and from 1796 to 1835 the governorate was called Sloboda Ukraine Governorate. In 1780–1796 there existed the Kharkov Vicegerency (Ukrainian: намісництво, romanized: namisnytstvo; Russian: намесничество, romanized: namestnichestvo).

From 1765 to 1780, the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate existed. In 1780, the Kharkov Viceroyalty was established and lasted until 1796. In 1835, the Viceroyalty was again reorganized into the Sloboda-Ukrainian Governorate, and from 1835 onwards, the Kharkov Governorate was formed, which existed until 1925. With each reorganization, the boundaries and administrative structure change significantly. The main state tax implementation, processing, and publishing of statistical information for the Kharkov governorate was the Kharkov Governorate Statistical Committee.
Mary Thompson Hill Willard
Mary Thompson Hill Willard (January 3, 1805 – August 7, 1892) was an American teacher and social reformer. Her daughter, Frances Willard, was the founder and president of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union (W.C.T.U.) as well as president of the National W.C.T.U.

Frances Willard
Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard (September 28, 1839 – February 17, 1898) was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Willard became the national president of Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1879 and remained president until her death in 1898. Her influence continued in the next decades, as the Eighteenth (on Prohibition) and Nineteenth (on women's suffrage) Amendments to the United States Constitution were adopted. Willard developed the slogan "Do Everything" for the WCTU and encouraged members to engage in a broad array of social reforms by lobbying, petitioning, preaching, publishing, and education.

Willard's accomplishments include raising the age of consent in many states and passing labor reforms, most notably including the eight-hour work day. She also advocated for prison reform, scientific temperance instruction, Christian socialism, and the global expansion of women's rights.
Sango, Zimbabwe
Sango, also known as Nyala and Nyangambe, is a village and ward (commune) in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe on the Mozambique border.  The village supports the border post lying at the southern end of the Gonarezhou National Park.

The town on the Mozambique side of the border is Chicualacuala.

The old official name of the town was Vila Salazar.

Chicualacuala
Chicualacuala is a town located in the province of Gaza in Mozambique.  The town is better known by this unofficial name (and the name of the district to which the town belongs) than by its official toponym Vila Eduardo Mondlane.
HMS Shannon (1806)
HMS Shannon was a 38-gun Leda-class fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1806 and served in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. She won a noteworthy naval victory on 1 June 1813, during the latter conflict, when she captured the United States Navy frigate USS Chesapeake in a bloody battle.

Leda-class frigate
The Leda-class frigates were a ship class of forty-seven 38-gun fifth-rate frigates constructed from 1805 to 1832 for the Royal Navy. Based on a French design, the class came in five major groups, all with minor differences in their design. During their careers, they fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. Forty-five of the 47 were eventually scrapped; two still exist: HMS Trincomalee and HMS Unicorn.
Phoebe Ryan
Phoebe Holiday Ryan (born September 21, 1990) is an American singer and songwriter. In 2015, she released a mashup of R. Kelly's "Ignition" and Miguel's "Do You", followed by her first single "Mine" from her debut EP of the same name. She signed with Columbia Records in 2015.

As a songwriter, she has written for artists such as Britney Spears, Oh Honey, Zara Larsson, Melanie Martinez, and Bea Miller, and featured on songs by the Knocks, Tritonal, Skizzy Mars, and the Chainsmokers, among others.

Mine (Phoebe Ryan EP)
Mine is the debut extended play (EP) by American singer Phoebe Ryan, released on June 9, 2015 by Columbia Records. The album contains two previously released songs, "Mine" and "Dead". Also included was the first song she released as an artist, "Ignition/Do You", a mashup of R. Kelly's "Ignition" and Miguel's "Do You...".
Conor Oberst
Conor Mullen Oberst (born February 15, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter best known for his work in Bright Eyes. He has also played in several other bands, including Desaparecidos, the Faint (previously named Norman Bailer), Commander Venus, Park Ave., Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band, Monsters of Folk, and Better Oblivion Community Center. Oberst was named the Best Songwriter of 2008 by Rolling Stone magazine.

Better Oblivion Community Center
Better Oblivion Community Center was an American indie rock superduo consisting of musicians Conor Oberst and Phoebe Bridgers. They released their self-titled debut album on January 24, 2019, through Dead Oceans.
Demons of the Punjab
"Demons of the Punjab" is the sixth episode of the eleventh series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. It was written by Vinay Patel, directed by Jamie Childs, and first broadcast on BBC One on 11 November 2018.

In the episode, Yasmin Khan asks the Thirteenth Doctor to take her to see her grandmother during her youth. Along with the other companions Graham O'Brien and Ryan Sinclair, they get caught up in the events preceding the partition of India; meanwhile, the Doctor also investigates if aliens are involved in the death of a man killed during their visit. The episode was watched by 7.48 million viewers in the UK during the week following its release, and was met with positive reviews from critics.

Yasmin Khan (Doctor Who)
Yasmin "Yaz" Khan is a fictional character created by Chris Chibnall and portrayed by Mandip Gill in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. In the show's eleventh series, starting with the first episode, Yasmin serves as a companion of the Thirteenth Doctor, an incarnation of the alien time traveller known as the Doctor (portrayed by Jodie Whittaker); she would part ways with the Doctor in "The Power of the Doctor", the Thirteenth Doctor's final episode, and was the last person with her before she regenerated on her own. She is one of just two full-time companions to be present throughout the entirety of an incarnation's tenure, the other being Rose Tyler who starred alongside Christopher Eccleston's Ninth Doctor.
Brummen
Brummen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbrʏmə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a village in eastern Netherlands.

Brummen has a  small railway station - Brummen railway station on the line between Zutphen and Arnhem. The village is situated about 7 km (4.3 mi) southwest of Zutphen, no further than 1.5 km from the IJssel river. About two kilometers west of the village, on the edge of the Veluwe forest area, lies the Engelenburg resort, a castle-like house. It is in use as a hotel for golf players and has a 9-hole golf-link.

Brummen railway station
Brummen is a railway station located in Brummen, Netherlands. The station was opened on 2 February 1865 and is located on the Arnhem–Zutphen railway. The station is currently operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The station closed on 15 May 1938 and 27 September 1944. The station re-opened on 19 October 1940 and 18 May 1952.
Pre-vocational Certificate
The Pre-vocational Certificate is a vocational qualification in Mauritius designed for early school leavers who have failed to successfully complete the exams required for the Certificate of Primary Education, a pre-requisite for entry into secondary school, or who are at or above age 13. The qualification is offered by the Mauritius Institute of Training and Development. The pre-vocational programme includes Form I Vocational, Form II Vocational, Form III Vocational, and Form IV Vocational stages of education.

Vocational education in Mauritius
Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Mauritius provides technical and practical training for employment to students. Pre-vocational education in Mauritius provides preparation for technical and vocational education and training. Vocational education streams provide options for study and career development for school leavers as well as professionals.
Eczacıbaşı Volleyball
Eczacıbaşı Dynavit is the professional women's volleyball department of Eczacıbaşı S.K., a Turkish sports club based in Istanbul, Turkey. The team plays its home matches at the Eczacıbaşı Spor Salonu hall in Istanbul. Eczacıbaşı has won a record 16 Turkish League titles and a record nine Turkish Cups, amongst others. In the 2014–15 season they won the CEV Champions League and that gave them the ticket to capture the 2015 FIVB World Club Championship in Zürich, a year later the club became the first club in the world to win the FIVB World Club Championship back-to-back by defending their crown in the Philippines during the 2016 FIVB World Club Championship in Manila. Eczacıbaşı VitrA is the most successful Turkish volleyball club with 28 national championship titles overall since the introduction of a national league in 1956.

Sultans League
Sultanlar Ligi (Sultans League), known for sponsorship reasons as Vodafone Sultanlar Ligi, is the highest professional women's volleyball league in Turkey. It is run by the Turkish Volleyball Federation and began with the 1984–85 season. 14 clubs are currently participating in the league. It is often regarded as the best professional women's volleyball league in the world. Its clubs have obtained significant successes in European and other international competitions. Eczacıbaşı are the most successful club, having won 16 championships so far.

It succeeded the former Turkish Women's Volleyball Championship (1956–1984).
Empress Elisabeth Bridge
The Empress Elisabeth Bridge (German: Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Brücke) was a chain bridge that spanned the Elbe between Tetschen (now Děčín) on the east bank with Bodenbach in northern Bohemia. It was opened in 1855, named after Empress Elisabeth of Austria, and connected Tetschen to the major railroad from Dresden to Prague. The bridge was demolished in the early 1930s, but its piers were used for the modern bridge replacing it.

Chain bridge
A chain bridge is a historic form of suspension bridge for which chains or eyebars were used instead of wire ropes to carry the bridge deck. A famous example is the Széchenyi Chain Bridge in Budapest.

Construction types are, as for other suspension bridges, a stressed ribbon bridge, a true suspension bridge, and special forms, such as the Tower Bridge and the Albert Bridge, London.

Chain bridges were the first bridges able to cross wider spans than the previous wooden and stone bridges, combined with shorter building times and at lower costs.
Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe
Christianity is the predominant religion in São Tomé and Príncipe, with Catholicism being the largest denomination. There is also a substantial minority of the adherents of Baha'i faith.

São Tomé and Príncipe is a secular state, and the nation's constitution provides for freedom of religion and worship.

Catholic Church in São Tomé and Príncipe
The Catholic Church has been active in the São Tomé and Príncipe since the arrival of priests in 1493. The Roman Catholic Diocese of São Tomé and Príncipe was established as the Diocese of Tomé by Pope Paul III in 1534, and is currently led by Bishop João de Ceita Nazaré since 2024. Catholicism is the largest religion in São Tomé and Príncipe.
Addison Grace
Addison Grace (born March 21, 2001) is an American singer-songwriter and online personality. Having developed a following on social media sites like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, he has released two EPs, Immaturing and Things That Are Bad for Me (both 2022), and toured with artists including Cavetown, Tessa Violet, Penelope Scott, and Chloe Moriondo.

Tessa Violet
Tessa Violet Williams (born March 20, 1990) is an American singer-songwriter, social media personality, actress, music video director, and former child model.

Originally a vlogger under the username Meekakitty, Violet has since focused primarily on her music career. She has released three studio albums, Maybe Trapped Mostly Troubled (2014), Bad Ideas (2019), and My God! in 2023.
Melvill Jones
Sir Bennett Melvill Jones,  CBE AFC FRS (28 January 1887 – 31 October 1975) was Francis Mond Professor of Aeronautical Engineering at the University of Cambridge from 1919 to 1952. He demonstrated the importance of streamlining in aircraft design. It had been known since the time of Aristotle, that a moving body passing through air or another fluid encounters resistance (aerodynamic drag), but Jones developed the ideas of Louis Charles Breguet into a refined theory to demonstrate emphatically the importance of drag to the performance of aircraft.

Drag (physics)
In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, and also known as viscous force, is a force acting opposite to the direction of motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers, or between a fluid and a solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.

Unlike other resistive forces, drag force depends on velocity. Drag force is proportional to the relative velocity for low-speed flow and is proportional to the velocity squared for high-speed flow. This distinction between low and high-speed flow is measured by the Reynolds number.
Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman
Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman (Hebrew: יוסף שלמה כהנמן; Yiddish: יוסף שלמה כהנעמאן; Lithuanian: Josifas Šleimė Kahanemanas, known also as the Ponevezher Rav), was an Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva (dean) of the Ponevezh Yeshiva. He was also a member of the Council of Torah Sages of Agudath Israel.

Ponevezh Yeshiva
Ponevez Yeshiva (Lithuanian: Panevėžio ješiva), often pronounced as Ponevitch Yeshiva (Hebrew: ישיבת פוניבז׳), is a yeshiva founded in 1919 in Panevėžys (Ponevezh), Lithuania, and located in Bnei Brak, Israel since 1944. The yeshiva has over three thousand students, including those of affiliated institutions.

It is considered one of the leading Litvish (non-hassidic ultra-orthodox) yeshivas in Israel.
Nick Hancock
Nicholas John Hancock (born 25 October 1962) is an English actor and television presenter. He hosted the sports quiz They Think It's All Over for 10 years. He also formerly presented Room 101 (1994–1999) on television, as well as its earlier radio version (1992–1994).

Room 101 (radio series)
Room 101 is a radio comedy series on BBC Radio 4 hosted by Paul Merton. Celebrities are invited to discuss their "least favourite people, places and pop songs" in order to have them consigned to Room 101.