hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DELPH-IN
Deep Linguistic Processing with HPSG - INitiative (DELPH-IN) is a collaboration where computational linguists worldwide develop natural language processing tools for deep linguistic processing of human language. The goal of DELPH-IN is to combine linguistic and statistical processing methods in order to computationally understand the meaning of texts and utterances.

The tools developed by DELPH-IN adopt two linguistic formalisms for deep linguistic analysis, viz. head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) and minimal recursion semantics (MRS). All tools under the DELPH-IN collaboration are developed for general use of open-source licensing.

Since 2005, DELPH-IN has held an annual summit. This is a loosely structured unconference where people update each other about the work they are doing, seek feedback on current work, and occasionally hammer out agreement on standards and best practice.

Deep linguistic processing
Deep linguistic processing is a natural language processing framework which draws on theoretical and descriptive linguistics. It models language predominantly by way of theoretical syntactic/semantic theory (e.g. CCG, HPSG, LFG, TAG, the Prague School). Deep linguistic processing approaches differ from "shallower" methods in that they yield more expressive and structural representations which directly capture long-distance dependencies and underlying predicate-argument structures. 
The knowledge-intensive approach of deep linguistic processing requires considerable computational power, and has in the past sometimes been judged as being intractable. However, research in the early 2000s had made considerable advancement in efficiency of deep processing. Today, efficiency is no longer a major problem for applications using deep linguistic processing.
Dorris Motors Corporation
The Dorris Motor Car Company was founded by George Preston Dorris in 1906. Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Dorris had built an experimental gasoline car circa 1896–1897 in his family's bicycle shop. He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where he and John L. French founded the St. Louis Motor Company. Dorris served as chief engineer.

When French moved to Peoria, Illinois, in 1905, Dorris quit the firm and founded the Dorris Motor Car Company soon after. French and his new St. Louis Motor Carriage Company quickly foundered.

St. Louis Motor Company
St. Louis Motor Carriage Company was the first manufacturer of automobiles in St. Louis, Missouri, which would become an early 20th-century hub of auto production. Founded in 1898, it produced automobiles from 1899 to 1907.

Its founders were John L. French, who handled marketing, and George Preston Dorris, who led engineering and production and would later be credited with developing and patenting the float-carburetor. Its factory stood at 1211–13 North Vandeventer Avenue.
Pleasant View station
Pleasant View is a closed commuter rail station in Pleasant View, Utah, formerly served by the Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) FrontRunner train.

Located approximately 6 miles north of Ogden Central station, Pleasant View was the northernmost station along the FrontRunner line prior to its closure on August 10, 2018, when service north of Ogden was suspended. It was also the least-used station on FrontRunner, with few daily riders. The cost of implementing federally-mandated positive train control for the section of track north of Ogden, which is owned by the Union Pacific Railroad (UP), prompted the closure.

FrontRunner
FrontRunner (reporting mark UFRC) is a commuter railway operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) that runs along the Wasatch Front in north-central Utah with service from Ogden Central station in central Weber County through Davis County, Salt Lake City, and Salt Lake County to Provo Central station in central Utah County. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 4,128,700, or about 14,900 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Ira Forman
Ira N. Forman (born February 28, 1952) is a former executive director of the National Jewish Democratic Council from January 1996 through June 2010. From May 2013 until January 2017 he served as the United States Special Envoy for Monitoring  and  Combating anti-Semitism.

Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism
The Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism (formerly the Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism) is an office of the under secretary of state for civilian security, democracy, and human rights at the United States Department of State. The office "advances U.S. foreign policy on antisemitism" by developing and implementing policies and projects to support efforts to combat antisemitism.

The office was established by the Global Antisemitism Review Act of 2004 and is headed by the special envoy for monitoring and combating antisemitism (SEAS), who reports to the US secretary of state. Congressional staffer Gregg Rickman was sworn in as the first special envoy in 2006. In 2021, the special envoy was elevated to an ambassador-at-large nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The position was previously appointed by the secretary of state.
1999 Pakistan cyclone
The 1999 Pakistan cyclone (JTWC designation: 02A; IMD designation: ARB 01) was a deadly tropical cyclone that brought further devastation to a region struck by a powerful storm nearly a year earlier. It caused flooding and landslides and destroyed many villages. The disaster killed over 6,000 people and affected more than 2 million.

1998 Gujarat cyclone
The 1998 Gujarat cyclone (Joint Typhoon Warning Center designation: 03A; India Meteorological Department designation: ARB 02) was a catastrophic tropical cyclone that killed at least 1,000 people in India, mainly in the state of Gujarat in 1998.
Joseon Army
The Joseon Army (Korean: 조선군대; Hanja: 朝鮮軍隊) was the army of the Korean dynasty of Joseon (1392–1897). The army defended the northern borders but seldom defended the southern regions. The army was best known for fending off the Jurchen raids and conquering the Korean Peninsula. However, Joseon's neo-Confucianism disavowed military development, causing them to be vulnerable to Japanese and Manchu invasions. Despite this, Joseon kept strengthening the army until the 19th century, when western powers and the Japanese forced them to open doors and modernize the army.

Joseon Army (1881–1897)
The Joseon Army of the late 19th century (Korean: 조선군대; Hanja: 朝鮮軍隊) was the modernized army of the Korean dynasty of Joseon. After the Treaty of Ganghwa, King Gojong and Queen Myeongseong spearheaded the modernization of the armed forces. The army was known for the Donghak Peasant Revolution, its defense of Gyeongbokgung Palace, and defending Queen Min from the Japanese. Despite this, the new modernized army was too weak to defend itself from foreign threats and could not prevent the assassination of Queen Min. Gojong declared Joseon the Empire of Korea and contributed the modernization of the armed forces.
Congregation M'kor Shalom
Congregation M'kor Shalom (transliterated from Hebrew to mean "Source of Peace") was a Reform Jewish synagogue located at 850 Evesham Road, Cherry Hill, Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States.

Founded in 1974, M'kor Shalom merged in 2022 with Temple Emanuel, also a Reform synagogue located in Cherry Hill, to form Congregation Kol Ami. As of 2023, the former Evesham Road building was disused.

Congregation Kol Ami (Cherry Hill, New Jersey)
Congregation Kol Ami (formerly Temple Emanuel) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 1101 Springdale Road, in Cherry Hill, Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. The congregation was founded in 1950 on the western side of Cherry Hill, and moved in 1992 to Cherry Hill's east side. Its first rabbi was Herbert M. Yarrish, who served from 1956 to 1975. As of 2022, the senior rabbi is Jennifer L. Frenkel and the cantors are Rhoda J. Harrison and Neil Schnitzer.
Télé Sahel
Télé Sahel is the national broadcaster of the West African state of Niger. Founded in 1964 as an educational channel under the name Télé-Niger, it became a national general channel, broadcasting in color, on April 6, 1979. Owned and operated by the government Office of Radio and Television of Niger, which also operates Radio Voix du Sahel and the Tal TV satellite station, Télé Sahel provides news and other programs in French and several local languages. Its stations transmit to all urban centres. Its current Director General is Moussa Saley since 2005.

The state ORTN network depends financially on the government, partly through an addition to electricity bills and partly through direct subsidy. The High Council for Communication also maintains a fund which supports private broadcasters, although its payments are criticised as political and irregular.

Télé Sahel was also used to broadcast the announcement of the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.

Office of Radio and Television of Niger
The Radio Television of Niger (RTN), formerly known as Office of Radio and Television of Niger (French: Office de radiodiffusion et Télévision du Niger), or ORTN for short, is the state broadcaster of the West African nation of Niger. RTN operates the Télé Sahel terrestrial television station, Radio Voix du Sahel radio network, and the Tal TV satellite station (2001). RTN is overseen and funded by the Ministry of Culture, Arts & Communication.
Street Sharks
Street Sharks is an American animated television series about the adventures of crime-fighting half-man/half-sharks. The series was produced by DIC Productions, L.P. and Bohbot Entertainment and was initially syndicated as part of the latter's Amazin' Adventures programming block. The show promoted a line of action figures by Mattel. The creators were David Siegel and Joe Galliani of Mr. Joe's Really Big Productions.

In 1996, the show was retitled Dino Vengers Featuring Street Sharks with the addition of an extraterrestrial team of Dinosaurs named the Dino Vengers who were paired with the Street Sharks. The show also moved to ABC. The Dino Vengers would later receive their own short-lived spinoff, where they were renamed the Extreme Dinosaurs.

The series features theme music by Michael Benghiat and Lois Blaisch. Additional songs were written by Megan Cavallari and David Goldsmith.

Extreme Dinosaurs
Extreme Dinosaurs is an American animated series produced by DIC Productions, L.P. and Bohbot Entertainment in 1997 based on a 1996 toy line from Mattel. This show is a spin-off of Street Sharks (where they first appeared as the Dino Vengers).

The show is in the same vein as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Jurassic Park. Extreme Dinosaurs was broadcast in syndication as part of Bohbot Entertainment's Bohbot Kids Network block where it aired for one season in 1997. The show was cancelled after 52 episodes.
Memorial Park (San Mateo County, California)
Memorial Park, located in Loma Mar, San Mateo County, California, United States, is operated by the San Mateo County Department of Parks. The park encompasses 673 acres (2.72 km2), and includes old-growth redwood trees, eight miles (13 km) of hiking trails, camping areas, picnic facilities, a visitor center, a camp store, a creek swimming area, and campfire programs. Pescadero Creek, which provides winter habitat for steelhead trout, runs through the park. Bloomquist, Hoffman, McCormick, and Peterson Creeks join Pescadero Creek within the park boundaries.

Memorial Park trails link to Pescadero Creek Park from the Hoffman Flat Trailhead along the Old Haul Road trail, which also links into Sam McDonald County Park, Portola Redwoods State Park, and Big Basin Redwoods State Park (via easement across private lands).

Pescadero Creek County Park
Pescadero Creek Park, located near Loma Mar, San Mateo County, California, United States, is operated by the San Mateo County Department of Parks. The park complex of 8,020 acres (32.5 km2) also includes the neighboring Memorial, Sam McDonald and Heritage Grove parks. The park borders Portola Redwoods State Park with seamless trails, and connects to Big Basin Redwoods State Park via a trail easement across private lands.
Popish Plot
The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy invented by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti-Catholic hysteria. Oates alleged that there was an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate Charles II, accusations that led to the show trials and executions of at least 22 men and precipitated the Exclusion Bill Crisis. During this tumultuous period, Oates weaved an intricate web of accusations, fueling public fears and paranoia. However, as time went on, the lack of substantial evidence and inconsistencies in Oates's testimony began to unravel the plot. Eventually, Oates himself was arrested and convicted for perjury, exposing the fabricated nature of the conspiracy.

Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.
T-70
The T-70 is a light tank used by the Red Army during World War II, replacing both the T-60 scout tank for reconnaissance and the T-50 light infantry tank for infantry support.  The T-80 light tank was a more advanced version of the T-70 with a two-man turret—it was produced only in very small numbers when light tank production was abandoned.  The T-90 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun was a prototype vehicle with twin machine guns, based on the T-70 chassis.

The T-70 was armed with a 45-mm L/46 gun Model 38 with forty-five rounds carried, and a coaxial 7.62-mm DT machine gun. The tank was operated by a driver and a commander who loaded and fired the gun.  Armour thickness on the turret front was 50 mm, turret sides and rear: 35 mm, upper glacis : 35 mm,hull sides : 15 mm, roof and bottom: 10 mm.

T-60 tank
The T-60 scout tank was a light tank produced by the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1942. During this period, 6,292 units were built. The tank was designed to replace the obsolete T-38 amphibious scout tank and saw action during World War II.

The Kingdom of Romania used the T-60 chassis to build some locally-designed tank destroyers.
Punch (combat)
A punch is a striking blow with the fist. It is used in most martial arts and combat sports, most notably western boxing, where it is the only type of offensive technique allowed. In sports, hand wraps or other padding such as gloves may be used to protect athletes and practitioners from injuring themselves.

The use of punches varies between different martial arts and combat sports. Styles such as western boxing, Suntukan or Russian fist fighting use punches alone, while others such as kickboxing, Muay Thai, Lethwei or karate may use both punches and kicks. Others such as wrestling (excluding professional wrestling) and judo (punches and other striking techniques, atemi, are present in judo kata, but are forbidden in competitions) do not use punches at all. There are many types of punches and as a result, different styles encompass varying types of punching techniques.

Strike (attack)
A strike is a directed, forceful physical attack with either a part of the human body or with a handheld object (such as a melee weapon), intended to cause blunt or penetrating trauma upon an opponent.

There are many different varieties of strikes. A strike with the hand closed into a fist is known as a punch, a strike with a fingertip is known as a jab, a strike with the leg or foot is known as a kick, and a strike with the head is known as a headbutt. There are also other variations employed in martial arts and combat sports.

"Buffet" or "beat" refer to repeatedly and violently striking an opponent; this is also commonly referred to as a combination, or combo, especially in boxing or fighting video games.
Charles Clinton
Col. Charles Clinton (1690 – 19 November 1773) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and politician in colonial America. A colonel of the French and Indian War, he was the father of General James Clinton and George Clinton, and the grandfather of DeWitt Clinton.

James Clinton
Major General James Clinton (August 9, 1736 – September 22, 1812) was a Continental Army officer and politician who fought in the American Revolutionary War.

During the war he, along  with John Sullivan, led the 1779 Sullivan Expedition against the British-allied Iroquois. The Americans destroyed 40 villages as well as their winter stores of wheat and other produce. This forced 5,000 Iroquois to flee to British controlled Fort Niagara and caused the deaths of several hundred Iroquois during the harsh winter of 1779–1780. He subsequently obtained the rank of brevet major general.

After leaving the army, Clinton was a founding member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati and served as an assemblyman in the New York State legislature and later as a New York State Senator from 1788 to 1792.
Piriformis muscle
The piriformis muscle (from Latin  piriformis 'pear-shaped') is a flat, pyramidally-shaped muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limbs. It is one of the six muscles in the lateral rotator group.

The piriformis muscle has its origin upon the front surface of the sacrum, and inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur. Depending upon the given position of the leg, it acts either as external (lateral) rotator of the thigh or as abductor of the thigh. It is innervated by the piriformis nerve. It is the key muscle of the gluteal region.

Lateral rotator group
The lateral rotator group is a group of six small muscles of the hip which all externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint. It consists of the following muscles: piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris and the obturator externus.

All muscles in the lateral rotator group originate from the hip bone and insert on to the upper extremity of the femur. The muscles are innervated by the sacral plexus (L4-S2), except the obturator externus muscle, which is innervated by the lumbar plexus.
Billy Leslie
Billy Leslie (born October 14, 1987) is an American former professional racing driver. He is the son of former NASCAR Busch Series driver Tracy Leslie. He has previously competed in the ARCA Racing Series with one win in 2007 at Winchester Speedway and six top-10's.

Tracy Leslie
Tracy Leslie (born October 24, 1957) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last raced in the ARCA Racing Series against his son, Billy. He also raced in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series and NASCAR Busch Series.
Lansing United
Lansing United was an American amateur soccer club based in East Lansing, Michigan that competed in the Premier Development League and the National Premier Soccer League. The club's men's team folded after the 2018 season, with Lansing Ignite FC beginning play in USL League One. The club continued to field a women's team in United Women's Soccer.

Among their most notable alumni is USMNT and New England Revolution defender DeJuan Jones, who competed for United while playing for Michigan State in 2018.

Lansing United Women
Lansing United is an American amateur soccer club based in East Lansing, Michigan. The club began its inaugural season in United Women's Soccer in Spring 2018. United also fielded a men's team in the National Premier Soccer League and the Premier Development League from 2014 to 2018.
Elizabeth Carrington Morris
Elizabeth Carrington Morris (July 7, 1795 – February 12, 1865) was an American botanist known for her studies of the flora of Philadelphia, particularly ferns and carnivorous pitcher plants. Along with her sister, Margaretta Morris, she has been credited by historian Catherine McNeur with helping to transform American science in the 19th century by sharing her rare plant species with collections worldwide, and supporting the next generation of botanists.

Margaretta Morris
Margaretta Hare Morris (December 3, 1797 – May 29, 1867) was an American entomologist. Morris is known for her work with agricultural pests, specifically the Hessian fly, cicadas, and the Colorado potato beetle. Her observations on water beetles were also included in Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, despite not being credited due to Darwin’s misogynistic beliefs. She and the astronomer Maria Mitchell were the first women elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1850. She was also the second woman elected to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1859, after Lucy Say.
Mount Marshall (New York)
Mount Marshall is a mountain in the MacIntyre Range of the Adirondacks in the U.S. state of New York. With an elevation of 4,360 feet (1,330 m), it is the 25th highest mountain in the Adirondacks and one of the 46 High Peaks in Adirondack Park. It is located in the town of Newcomb in Essex County, flanked to the northeast by Cold Brook Pass and Iroquois Peak. Originally named for Governor DeWitt Clinton, and then for mountain guide Herbert Clark, it was renamed for wilderness activist Bob Marshall after his death. The summit can be accessed by hikers on an unmarked trail.

Adirondack High Peaks
The Adirondack High Peaks are a set of 46 mountain peaks in the Adirondack Mountains of New York state. They have been popular hiking destinations since the late 1920s, when the list of peaks was published in Russell Carson's book Peaks and Peoples of the Adirondacks. Those who have climbed all 46 High Peaks are eligible to join the Adirondack Forty-Sixers club.
E. Paul Waggoner
Edward Paul Waggoner (April 9, 1889 – March 3, 1967), born in Decatur, Texas, was an American rancher, and one of the three original heirs to the W.T. Waggoner Estate in North Texas.  After forming the estate, Tom Waggoner appointed his three children, E. Paul, Guy and Electra, to the board of directors. He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame posthumously, in 1991.

William Thomas Waggoner
William Thomas Waggoner (August 31, 1852 – December 11, 1934) was an American rancher, oilman, banker, horse breeder, and philanthropist from Texas. He was the owner of the Waggoner Ranch, where he found oil in 1903. He was the founding president of the Waggoner National Bank of Vernon. He established the Arlington Downs and paid for the construction of three buildings on the campus of Texas Woman's University.
Bachatón
Bachatón (also known as bachateo) is a fusion genre of reggaeton from Puerto Rico as well as bachata from the Dominican Republic. Bachaton combines bachata melodies and reggaeton style beats, lyrics, rapping, and disc jockeying. The word "bachatón" is a portmanteau of "bachata" and "reggaeton". "Bachatón" was coined and widely accepted in 2005. It is a subgenre of reggaeton and bachata.

Reggaeton
Reggaeton (UK: /ˈrɛɡeɪtoʊn, ˌrɛɡeɪˈtɒn/, US: /ˌrɛɡeɪˈtoʊn, ˌreɪɡ-/) is a style of popular and electronic music that originated in Panama during the late 1980s. It has been popularized and dominated by artists from Puerto Rico since the early 1990s.

It has evolved from dancehall, with elements of hip hop, Latin American, and Caribbean music. Vocals include toasting/rapping and singing, typically in Spanish. Reggaeton is regarded as one of the most popular music genres in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean. By the 2010s, the genre had seen increased popularity across Latin America, as well as acceptance within mainstream Western music.