hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Separate Operational Purpose Division
The Separate Operational Purpose Division (ODON; Russian: Отдельная дивизия оперативного назначения, romanized: Otdel'naya diviziya operativnogo naznacheniya) or OMSDON (a.k.a. Dzerzhinsky Division), is a rapid deployment internal security division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and then the Internal Troops of Russia Russian Federation, currently part of the National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation.

Internal troops of the Soviet Union
Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russian: Внутренние войска Министерства внутренних дел СССР, VV MVD) were military formations (analogous to the gendarmerie), which were intended to ensure law and public order and internal security of the Soviet Union, protect state facilities and ensure public safety. Formed in the aftermath of the October Revolution of 1917, the original internal troops, known as the Internal Security Forces of the Republic (VOHR) were created as combat detachments of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (Cheka). Numbering approximately 260,000 men in the 1980s, they were one of the largest formations of special troops in the Soviet Union. From September 1, 1939 to March 21, 1989, the internal troops were an integral part of the Soviet Armed Forces but were subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Cape Paterson
Cape Paterson (/ˈpætərsən/) is town located near the town of Wonthaggi, 132 kilometres (82 mi) south-east of Melbourne via the South Gippsland and Bass Highways, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.  Known originally for the discovery of coal by William Hovell in 1826, it is now extremely popular for its beaches and rockpool and at the 2011 census, it had a population of 718.

Cape Paterson has six beaches.

Cape Paterson was named by Lieut. James Grant in 1801 to honour explorer Lieut. Col. William Paterson, second in command of the Botany Bay (Sydney) battalion.

Wonthaggi
Wonthaggi /wɒnˈθæɡi/ is a town located 132 kilometres (82 mi) south east of Melbourne via the South Gippsland and Bass highways, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Known originally for its coal mining, it is now the largest town in South Gippsland, a regional area with extensive tourism, beef and dairy industries.

The name "Wonthaggi" is an Australian Aboriginal name meaning "home" from the Boonwurrung (south-central Kulin). It was used in the area some time before 1 August 1910 when the town was founded.
Ermesinde of Carcassonne
Ermesinde of Carcassonne (c. 975/8 – 1 March 1058) was Countess consort of Barcelona, Girona and Osona by marriage to Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona. She served as regent in these counties during the minority of her son Berenguer Ramon  from 1018 until 1023, and during the minority of her grandson Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona between 1035 and 1044.

Berenguer Ramon I
Berenguer Ramon I (c. 1005 – 26 May 1035), called the Crooked or the Hunchback (in Latin curvus; in Catalan el Corbat; in Spanish el Corvado or el Curvo), was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1018 to his death.
Quadrennial Dutch hacker convention
The quadrennial Dutch hacker convention is a hacker convention. It reoccurs every four years at different locations around the Netherlands. It was first held in 1989. In the past, it was organized by Hack-Tic magazine, and currently it is organized by the IFCAT Foundation.

On years where it is not held, two other similar events are held instead: Chaos Communication Camp in Germany (every 4 years), and Electromagnetic Field in the UK (every 2 years).

Computer security conference
A computer security conference is a convention for individuals involved in computer security. They generally serve as meeting places for system and network administrators, hackers, and computer security experts. Common activities at hacker conventions may include:

Presentations from keynote speakers or panels. Common topics include social engineering, lockpicking, penetration testing, and hacking tools.

Hands-on activities and competitions such as capture the flag (CTF).

"Boot camps" offering training and certification in Information Technology.
Sons of Silence
The Sons of Silence Motorcycle Club (SOSMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club. Founded in Niwot, Colorado in the United States in 1966, the club has a membership of over 250, with 35 chapters based in 12 U.S. states and in Germany. The Sons of Silence are the sixth-largest motorcycle club in the world, behind the Hells Angels, the Bandidos, the Outlaws, the Pagans and the Mongols.

The United States Department of Justice has designated the Sons of Silence a criminal organization.

Outlaw motorcycle club
An outlaw motorcycle club, known colloquially as a biker club or bikie club (in Australia), is a motorcycle subculture generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that purport to celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group. The subculture emerged in the United States in the late 1940s and has since spread globally.

In the United States, such motorcycle clubs (MCs) are considered "outlaw" not necessarily because they engage in criminal activity but because they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and do not adhere to the AMA's rules. Instead, the clubs have bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture.

The U.S. Department of Justice defines "outlaw motorcycle gangs" (OMG) as "organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises".
N-Methyltyramine
N-Methyltyramine (NMT), also known as 4-hydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine, is a human trace amine and natural phenethylamine alkaloid found in a variety of plants. As the name implies, it is the N-methyl analog of tyramine, which is a well-known biogenic trace amine with which NMT shares many pharmacological properties. Biosynthetically, NMT is produced by the N-methylation of tyramine via the action of the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in humans and tyramine N-methyltransferase in plants.

Tyramine
Tyramine (/ˈtaɪrəmiːn/ TY-rə-meen) (also spelled tyramin), also known under several other names, is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine acts as a catecholamine releasing agent. Notably, it is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in only non-psychoactive peripheral sympathomimetic effects following ingestion. A hypertensive crisis can result, however, from ingestion of tyramine-rich foods in conjunction with the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
2014 AFL finals series
The 2014 Australian Football League finals series is the 118th annual edition of the VFL/AFL final series, the Australian rules football tournament staged to determine the winner of the 2014 AFL Premiership Season. The series ran over four weekends in September 2014, and culminated with the 2014 AFL Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 27 September 2014.

The top eight teams from the season qualified for the finals series. AFL final series have been played under the current format since 2000. Hawthorn won the premiership after defeating Sydney in the Grand Final. Port Adelaide and North Melbourne both reached the preliminary finals after finishing outside the top four, and top-four finishers Fremantle and Geelong were eliminated at the semi-finals stage. Richmond and Essendon lost their respective elimination finals.

2014 AFL Grand Final
The 2014 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Sydney Swans and the Hawthorn Football Club at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 27 September 2014. It was the 119th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2014 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,460 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 63 points, marking the club's second consecutive premiership and twelfth VFL/AFL premiership victory overall. Hawthorn's Luke Hodge was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
The Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident (simplified Chinese: 闽平渔5540号事件; traditional Chinese: 閩平漁5540號事件) was an incident that occurred on July 21–22, 1990, when the Taiwan Garrison Command (TGC) forced 76 mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a boat while repatriating them from Taiwan to Fujian, causing 25 of them to die by suffocation. Twenty-three days after the incident, another mainland Chinese fishing boat, Min Ping Yu No. 5202, was hit by a Taiwanese naval destroyer escort in its repatriation operation, killing 21 of the 50 illegal immigrants on board.

Min Ping Yu No. 5202
Min Ping Yu No. 5202 was a 50-foot (15 m) mainland Chinese fishing boat from Baiqing Township, Pingtan County, Fujian Province that sank on August 13, 1990, drowning 21 people, after being hit by Taiwan's naval vessel ROCS Wen Shan PF-834 while carrying out a repatriation operation of mainland Chinese illegal immigrants. Of the 50 mainland Chinese on board, 29 were rescued by Taiwan's Navy. It was the second tragedy in repatriation of mainland Chinese illegal immigrants in less than a month after Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident, in which 25 Fujian residents being repatriated from Taiwan died from asphyxia.
No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron
No. 300 (Polish) Bomber Squadron "Land of Masovia" (Polish: 300 Dywizjon Bombowy "Ziemi Mazowieckiej"; also "No 300 (Masovian) Squadron") was a Polish bomber squadron formed in Great Britain as part of an agreement between the Polish government-in-exile and the United Kingdom in 1940. It was one of 15 squadrons of the Polish Air Force in exile that served alongside the Royal Air Force in World War II. It was disbanded in 1947. 300 Squadron is now represented by 300 (Isle of Axholme) Squadron of the Royal Air Force Air Training Corps, which made the alliance with the Polish Air Force is 1994.

Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain
The Polish Air Forces (Polish: Polskie Siły Powietrzne) was the name of the Polish Air Forces formed in France and the United Kingdom during World War II. The core of the Polish air units fighting alongside the Allies were experienced veterans of the 1939 invasion of Poland. They contributed to the Allied victory in the Battle of Britain and Allied air operations during the war.

A total of 145 Polish fighter pilots served in the RAF during the Battle of Britain, making up the largest non-British contribution. By the end of the war, around 19,400 Poles were serving in the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain and in the RAF.
Hillhead RFC
Hillhead Rugby Football Club is a former rugby union football club based in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded in 1904 as a club for former pupils of Hillhead High School, it lasted until 1988 when it merged with Jordanhill RFC to form Hillhead Jordanhill RFC.

Jordanhill RFC
Jordanhill Rugby Football Club was a rugby union football club based in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded as a club for the students and former students of Jordanhill College, it lasted until 1988 when it merged with Hillhead RFC to form Hillhead Jordanhill RFC.
Roman bridge of Córdoba
The Roman bridge of Córdoba is in the Historic centre of Córdoba, Andalusia, southern Spain

It was  originally built in the early 1st century across the Guadalquivir river and has been reconstructed at various times.

It is known locally as the "Old Bridge" because for two thousand years it was the city's only bridge across the river, until the construction of the San Rafael Bridge in the mid-twentieth century.

Most of the present structure dates from reconstruction by the Arabs in the 8th century.  It is part of the historic centre of Cordoba.

It is included in the preserved area known as Sotos de la Albolafia. Since 1931, the bridge, together with the Puerta del Puente and the Calahorra tower, has been declared a Bien de Interés Cultural in the monument category.

It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1984.

Puerta del Puente
The Puerta del Puente (Spanish: "Gate of the Bridge") is a Renaissance gate in Córdoba, Andalusia. Built in the 16th century to commemorate a visit to the city by King Philip II, the gateway is located on the site of the previous Roman gates, linking the city with the Roman bridge and the Via Augusta.

Since 1931, the gate, together with the Roman bridge and the Calahorra tower, has been declared a Bien de Interés Cultural in the monument category. It also part of the historic centre of Cordoba, declared a World Heritage Site in 1984.
RAF Upwood
Royal Air Force Upwood or more simply RAF Upwood is a former Royal Air Force station adjacent to the village of Upwood, Cambridgeshire, England, in the United Kingdom.

It was a non-flying station which was under the control of the United States Air Force from 1981, and one of three RAF stations in Cambridgeshire used by the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE).  Upwood, along with RAF Molesworth and RAF Alconbury are considered the "Tri-Base Area" due to their close geographic proximity, and interdependency.

RAF Alconbury
Royal Air Force Alconbury, or more simply RAF Alconbury, is an active Royal Air Force station near Huntingdon, England, that for many years was used by the USAF. The airfield is in the civil parish of The Stukeleys, close to the villages of Great Stukeley, Little Stukeley, and Alconbury. Flying operations are no longer based at the site, with most of the land, including the runway, having been sold in 2009 to become the new settlement of Alconbury Weald.
Abner Shimony
Abner Eliezer Shimony (/ʃɪˈmoʊni/; March 10, 1928 – August 8, 2015) was an American physicist and philosopher. He specialized in quantum theory and philosophy of science. As a physicist, he concentrated on the interaction between relativity theory and quantum mechanics. He authored many works and research on complementarity in quantum entanglement as well as multiparticle quantum interferometry, both relating to quantum coherence.  He authored research articles and books on the foundations of quantum mechanics. He received the 1996 Lakatos Prize for his work in philosophy of science. Shimony is also the author of Tibaldo and the Hole in the Calendar, a 1998 children's book about the calendar reform that has been translated into many languages.

Lakatos Award
The Lakatos Award is given annually for an outstanding contribution to the philosophy of science, widely interpreted. The contribution must be in the form of a monograph, co-authored or single-authored, and published in English during the previous six years. The award is in memory of the influential Hungarian philosopher of science and mathematics Imre Lakatos, whose tenure as Professor of Logic at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) was cut short by his early and unexpected death. While administered by an international management committee organised from the LSE, it is independent of the LSE Department of Philosophy, Logic, and Scientific Method, with many of the committee's members being academics from other institutions. The value of the award, which has been endowed by the Latsis Foundation, is £10,000, and to take it up a successful candidate must visit the LSE and deliver a public lecture.
Gundi
Gundis or comb rats are a group of small, stocky, African rodents in the family Ctenodactylidae. They live in rocky deserts across Northern Africa. The family comprises four living genera and five species (Speke's gundi, Felou gundi, Val's or desert gundi, common or North African gundi and Mzab gundi), as well as numerous extinct genera and species. They are in the superfamily Ctenodactyloidea. Local people in northern Africa have always known about gundis, however they first came to the notice of western naturalists in Tripoli in 1774, and were given the name gundi mice. While they are not regarded as pests, some people hunt gundis for food.

All living gundi species are members of the Ctenodactylinae sub-family. The Ctenodactylidae family also includes three extinct sub-families, Tataromyinae, Karakoromyinae and Dystylomyinae. The genus name comes from Ancient Greek κτείς (kteís), meaning "comb", and δάκτυλος (dáktulos), meaning "finger".

Speke's pectinator
Speke's pectinator (Pectinator spekei) or Speke's gundi, is a species of rodent in the family Ctenodactylidae. It is monotypic within the genus Pectinator. It is found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and rocky areas.
A Far Better Thing
A Far Better Thing is a 2025 historical fantasy novel by New Zealand author H. G. Parry. It was first published in June 2025 in the United States by Tor Books. The book is a retelling of Charles Dickens's 1859 historical novel A Tale of Two Cities with fairy changelings.

A Tale of Two Cities
A Tale of Two Cities is a historical novel published in 1859 by English author Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution. The novel tells the story of the French Doctor Manette, his 18-year-long imprisonment in the Bastille in Paris, and his release to live in London with his daughter Lucie whom he had never met. The story is set against the conditions that led up to the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens's best-known work of historical fiction, is said to be one of the best selling novels of all time. In 2003, the novel was ranked 63rd on the BBC's The Big Read poll.  The novel has been adapted for film, television, radio, and the stage, and has continued to influence popular culture.
Itsukaichi Line
The Itsukaichi Line (五日市線, Itsukaichi-sen) is a railway line operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tokyo, Japan. It links Musashi-Itsukaichi Station in the city of Akiruno with Haijima Station in the city of Akishima. From there, some trains travel through to Tachikawa Station via the Ōme Line, and select weekend/holiday services (branded as Holiday Rapid Akigawa) continue from Tachikawa along the Chūō Line to Tokyo Station. This line can only accommodate trains of 4- or 6-car lengths.

Haijima Station
Haijima Station (拝島駅, Haijima-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station located in the city of Akishima, Tokyo, Japan, jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the private railway operator Seibu Railway. The station is also a freight depot for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).
Traffic (2011 film)
Traffic is a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language road thriller film directed by Rajesh Pillai and written by Bobby–Sanjay. It features an ensemble cast of Sreenivasan, Kunchacko Boban, Rahman, Anoop Menon, Vineeth Sreenivasan, Asif Ali, Sandhya, Roma, Remya Nambessan, Lena, and Saikumar. The film tells its story in a hyperlink narrative format.

Traffic was released on 7 January 2011 to positive reviews from critics, and was a commercial success. It has since gained cult status and is widely recognised as being among the first Malayalam New Wave films. A multi-narrative thriller that intertwines multiple stories around one particular incident, Traffic is inspired from a real event that happened in Chennai. It was remade into Tamil as Chennaiyil Oru Naal, in Kannada as Crazy Star and in Hindi, under the same name. The film marked the final appearance of the veteran actor Jose Prakash before his death in 2012.

Chennaiyil Oru Naal
Chennaiyil Oru Naal (transl. A day in Chennai) is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language thriller film written by brothers Bobby and Sanjay and directed by Shaheed Kader. The film has an ensemble cast including R. Sarathkumar, Cheran, Prasanna, Prakash Raj, Radhika Sarathkumar, Parvathy Thiruvothu, Iniya, Sachin Mani, Aishwarya Devan and Gabriella Charlton.

The film is a remake of the 2011 Malayalam thriller film Traffic. The film has its narrative in a hyperlink format. A multi-narrative thriller that intertwines multiple stories around one particular incident, the film is inspired from an actual event in Chennai. It was previously titled Naangu Vazhi Saalai.

The film opened on 29 March 2013 to positive reviews and was a blockbuster at the box office. A spiritual successor titled Chennaiyil Oru Naal 2 was released on 2017.
Basket Case 2
Basket Case 2 is a 1990 American comedy horror film written and directed by Frank Henenlotter, and the sequel to his 1982 film Basket Case. It stars Kevin Van Hentenryck reprising his role as Duane Bradley, who moves with his deformed, formerly conjoined twin brother Belial into a home for "unique individuals" run by their deceased aunt’s friend, eccentric philanthropist Granny Ruth (played by Annie Ross).

The film spawned another sequel, Basket Case 3: The Progeny, in 1991.

Basket Case 3: The Progeny
Basket Case 3: The Progeny is a 1991 American horror comedy film written and directed by Frank Henenlotter. It is the third and final installment of the Basket Case series. It was released on DVD by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in 2004. Synapse Films released a new DVD on October 9, 2012. Troma Entertainment released the film on its streaming service Troma Now! on October 1, 2021.
Precision rectifier
The precision rectifier, sometimes called a super diode, is an operational amplifier (opamp) circuit configuration that behaves like an ideal diode and rectifier.

The op-amp-based precision rectifier should not be confused with the power MOSFET-based active rectification ideal diode.

Active rectification
Active rectification, or synchronous rectification, is a technique for improving the efficiency of rectification by replacing diodes with actively controlled switches, usually power MOSFETs or power bipolar junction transistors (BJT). Whereas normal semiconductor diodes have a roughly fixed voltage drop of around 0.5 to 1 volts, active rectifiers behave as resistances, and can have arbitrarily low voltage drop.

Historically, vibrator-driven switches or motor-driven  commutators have also been used for mechanical rectifiers and  synchronous rectification.

Active rectification has many applications. It is frequently used for arrays of photovoltaic panels to avoid reverse current flow that can cause overheating with partial shading while giving minimum power loss. It is also used in switched-mode power supplies (SMPS).
Geoffrey Dearmer Award
The Geoffrey Dearmer Award is an annual poetry prize founded in 1997 and run by the Poetry Society in memory of the poet Geoffrey Dearmer (1893–1996), who at 103 was the Society's oldest member. By establishing an endowment fund, the Dearmer family has enabled the Poetry Society to award an annual prize to the best poem in The Poetry Review by a poet who had not, before the issue in which their work appeared, published a collection. The winner of the prize is announced in the summer issue of The Poetry Review.

The Poetry Society
The Poetry Society is a membership organisation, open to all, whose stated aim is "to promote the study, use and enjoyment of poetry". The society was founded in London in February 1909 as the Poetry Recital Society, becoming the Poetry Society in 1912. Its first president was Lady Margaret Sackville.

From its current premises in Covent Garden, London, The Poetry Society publishes The Poetry Review, a poetry magazine. Established in 1912, its current editor is the poet Wayne Holloway-Smith, who succeeded Emily Berry in 2023. Berry herself succeeded Maurice Riordan in 2017. Fiona Sampson was the magazine's editor from 2005 to 2012.

In 2011, "with the help of some initial funding from Arts Council England's Poetry & Young People Project", the poet Holly Hopkins helped set up the Young Poets Network arm of the society, which now focusses on supporting poets "up to the age of 25." The poet Jayant Kashyap called it "the best place for young poets based anywhere in the
world."