hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin Murdoch
Colin Albert Murdoch ONZM (6 February 1929 – 4 May 2008) was a New Zealand pharmacist and veterinarian who made a number of significant inventions, in particular the tranquilliser gun, the disposable hypodermic syringe and the child-proof medicine container. He had a total of 46 patents registered in his name.

Syringe
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside of the tube, allowing the syringe to take in and expel liquid or gas through a discharge orifice at the front (open) end of the tube.  The open end of the syringe may be fitted with a hypodermic needle, a nozzle or tubing to direct the flow into and out of the barrel.  Syringes are frequently used in clinical medicine to administer injections, infuse intravenous therapy into the bloodstream, apply compounds such as glue or lubricant, and draw/measure liquids. There are also prefilled syringes (disposable syringes marketed with liquid inside).

The word "syringe" is derived from the Greek σῦριγξ (syrinx, meaning "Pan flute", "tube").
WSN Environmental Solutions
WSN Environmental Solutions was a major waste disposal company in New South Wales, Australia owned by the New South Wales Government. SITA Australia acquired WSN in February 2011 for $235AU million. The acquisition of WSN now makes SITA Australia's largest most advanced waste management network". WSN has a history of leading in the deployment of advanced waste treatment technologies, specifically mechanical biological treatment systems. WSN constructed the first UR-3R facility and has recently won a contract to develop Australia's first integrated waste management park at the Jacks Gully landfill, near [[Sydney]].

WSN owns and operates 10 waste recycling, processing and disposal facilities.

Spring Farm Advanced Resource Recovery Facility
Spring Farm Advanced Resource Recovery Facility (or Spring Farm ARR Facility, formerly Macarthur Resource Recovery Park, and originally Jacks Gully Waste and Recycling Centre) is a Resource Recovery Facility, Materials Recycling Facility, and landfill located in Spring Farm, New South Wales, Australia.

Spring Farm ARR Facility currently takes 115,000 to 130,000 tonnes of waste from more than 104,000 households per annum from Camden, Campbelltown, Wollondilly and Wingecarribee councils plus a portion from Liverpool. Plus an additional 10,000 tonnes per annum of commercial and industrial waste.
Lyme, New Hampshire
Lyme is a town along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,745 as of the 2020 census. Lyme is home to the Chaffee Natural Conservation Area. The Dartmouth Skiway is in the eastern part of town, near the village of Lyme Center. The Appalachian Trail passes through the town's heavily wooded eastern end.

Dartmouth Skiway
The Dartmouth Skiway is a ski area in the northeastern United States, in Lyme, New Hampshire. Located about twenty minutes northeast of Dartmouth College, it has thirty trails from easiest (green circle) to most difficult (black diamond) on over one hundred acres (40 ha) of skiable area.
Pennsylvania Route 488
Pennsylvania Route 488 (PA 488) is a 17-mile-long (27 km) state highway located in Lawrence and Butler counties in Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 65/PA 288 in Ellwood City.  The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 422 (US 422) in Moraine State Park.

Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
Lawrence County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 86,070. The county seat and largest city is New Castle.

The county was created on March 20, 1849, from parts of Beaver and Mercer counties. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
Engi, Switzerland
Engi is a village, and former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland. The village lies in the valley of the Sernf river, and consists of the three adjacent village parts of Engi-Vorderdorf, Engi-Dörfli and Engi-Hinterdorf.

Glarus Süd
Glarus Süd is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Glarus. It comprises the upper Linth valley, and the entire Sernf valley, and includes the villages of Betschwanden, Braunwald, Diesbach, Elm, Engi, Haslen, Hätzingen, Leuggelbach, Linthal, Luchsingen, Matt, Mitlödi, Nidfurn, Rüti, Schwanden, Schwändi and Sool.

Glarus Süd is one of three municipalities of the canton of Glarus, the others being Glarus and Glarus Nord.
Hanna Sköld
Hanna Sköld (born 4 July 1997) is a Swedish ice hockey forward, currently playing for Leksands IF Dam in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). She served as Leksands captain during 2019 to 2022, and has appeared intermittently with the Swedish national team.

Leksands IF (women)
Leksands Idrottsförening, abbreviated Leksands IF or LIF,  is a semi-professional ice hockey team in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). They play in Leksand, a town in the western-central Swedish province of Dalarna, at Tegera Arena. Until 2021, the organisation ran a second women's side, called Leksands IF Dam 2, which competed in the Damettan Västra.
Claude Nelson Warren
Claude Nelson Warren (March 18, 1932 – November 4, 2021) was a California Desert anthropologist and specialist in early humans in the Far West and was instrumental in defining the San Dieguito and La Jolla cultural complexes. His Ph.D. dissertation proved that Native Americans lived in the San Diego coastal area 10,000 years ago, much earlier than previously thought. He also had an interest in the history of anthropology.

He was a distinguished professor emeritus in Anthropology from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

He was married to Elizabeth von Till Warren until her death. They had four children: Claude Jr., Susan, Louis, and Jonathan.

His papers are available at Special Collections, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Elizabeth von Till Warren
Elizabeth von Till Warren (April 16, 1934 – April 21, 2021) was an American historian and preservationist. She had expertise in the history of water development in the Mojave Desert and the Las Vegas Valley in particular. She also had expertise in the historical route of the Old Spanish Trail in Southern Nevada.

She was married to Claude Warren. They had four children: Claude Jr., Susan, Louis, and Jonathan.

Her papers are available at Special Collections, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Small knot
The small knot, also known as oriental knot, Kent knot, or simple knot, is the simplest method of tying a necktie. Unlike the Four-in-hand knot and Windsor knot, the small knot is not self-releasing. The small knot is tied inside out, though this can be mitigated by giving the tie a half-twist during the tying process.

Using the notation from The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie, the knot is tied

Lo Ri Co T.

Four-in-hand knot
The four-in-hand knot is a method of tying a necktie. Also sometimes known (in UK) as a Bucket Knot, due to the shape of the finished knot. Some reports state that carriage drivers tied their reins with a four-in-hand knot, while others claim that the carriage drivers wore their scarves in the manner of a four-in-hand, but the most likely etymology is that members of the Four-in-Hand Club in London began to wear the neckwear, making it fashionable. The knot produced by this method is on the narrow side, notably asymmetric. For United States Army uniforms, and United States Navy uniforms that include a necktie, the four-in-hand knot is one of three prescribed options for tying the necktie, the other two being the half-Windsor and Windsor.
Blaustein
Blaustein (German pronunciation: [ˈblaʊʃtaɪn]) is a town in the district of Alb-Donau Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is situated on the Blau River, 6 km west of Ulm and has about 15,000 inhabitants.

Before 1968, Blaustein was known as Herrlingen. It was created in 1968 after the union of Ehrenstein and Klingenstein. During the 1970s, the municipalities of Arnegg, Bermaringen, Dietingen, Herrlingen, Lautern, Markbronn, Weidach and Wippingen became part of the new municipality of Blaustein. Herrlingen was the home of German Jewish educator  Anna Essinger's boarding school, Landschulheim Herrlingen, founded in 1926. In 1933, with the rise of Nazism, Essinger moved the school and, with their parents' permission, the school's 66 Jewish pupils to safety in England.

Blau (Danube)
The Blau (German pronunciation: [blaʊ] ⓘ) is a 22-kilometre-long (14 mi) river in Baden-Württemberg, southern Germany, and a left tributary of the Danube. The source of the Blau is the karst spring of Blautopf, in the town Blaubeuren, in the Swabian Jura. It flows east through Blaustein to the city of Ulm, where it empties into the Danube.
2018 Bathurst 12 Hour
The 2018 Liqui-Moly Bathurst 12 Hour was a motor race for GT3, GT4 and invited cars, staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, near Bathurst, in New South Wales, Australia on 4 February 2018. The 16th running of the Bathurst 12 Hour constituted the opening round of the 2018 Intercontinental GT Challenge Series. As per the previous year, the winners of the race were awarded the Australian Tourist Trophy.

The event was declared 10 minutes before the finish of the event after a 3 car incident, involving the #95 Eastgate Engineering MARC Focus, the #69 Supabarn Audi R8 LMS and the #19 Daimler Trucks Brisbane Mercedes-AMG GT3, marking the first time in the Bathurst 12 Hour history that the race was declared before the time cut-off.

51 cars were entered and 50 cars started, with one entry withdrawn following a crash in practice.

The race was won by Robin Frijns, Stuart Leonard and Dries Vanthoor driving an Audi R8 LMS.

Dries Vanthoor
Dries Vanthoor (born 20 April 1998 in Heusden-Zolder) is a racing driver from Belgium who currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship and in the IMSA Sportscar Championship with BMW M Team WRT. In his previous role as an Audi factory driver, Vanthoor amassed multiple accolades, winning the 2018 Bathurst 12 Hours and 2019 24 Hours of Nürburgring, as well as taking three consecutive titles in the GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup from 2020 to 2022 alongside Charles Weerts.

He is the younger brother of Laurens Vanthoor, a Porsche factory driver.
Naft Al-Wasat SC
Naft Al-Wasat Sports Club (Arabic: نادي نفط الوسط الرياضي, lit. 'Midland Oil') is an Iraqi sports club based in Najaf. Its professional football team plays in the Iraqi Premier Division League, the second tier of Iraqi football. The club's home stadium is An-Najaf Stadium.

Founded in 2008, Naft Al-Wasat spent three seasons in the Iraqi Second Division League and another three in the Iraqi First Division League until they were promoted from the 2013–14 Iraqi First Division League to the Iraqi Premier League. In their first season in the Iraqi Premier League, Naft Al-Wasat became the champions by achieving the 2014–15 Iraqi Premier League.

Their futsal club has participated in the AFC Futsal Club Championship.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
FC Versailles 78
Football Club de Versailles 78 (French: [futbol klœb də vɛʁsaj swasɑ̃t.diz‿ɥit]), also known as FC Versailles, Versailles or simply FCV, is a French semi-professional association football club based in the commune of Versailles, Île-de-France. The club was formed in 1989 as the result of a merger between Racing Club Versailles and Companion Sports Versailles. Their home stadium is the Stade Montbauron, which has a capacity of 7,545 people.

The club won promotion from the 2021–22 Championnat National 2 and now plays in the Championnat National, the third tier of the French football league system. The club is an official academy of the French Football Federation. Since 2024, the club has been partially owned by French Formula One driver Pierre Gasly.

2021–22 Championnat National 2
The 2021–22 Championnat National 2 was the 24th season of the fourth tier in the French football league system in its current format. This season the competition was contested by 64 clubs split geographically across four groups of 16 teams. The teams include amateur clubs (although a few are semi-professional) and the reserve teams of professional clubs.
Blumenau
Blumenau (Brazilian Portuguese: [blumeˈnaw]) is a city in Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina state, in the South Region of Brazil, 130 km (81 mi) from the state capital Florianópolis.

The city was founded by the German chemist and pharmacist Hermann Blumenau (1819–1899), who arrived on a boat via the Itajaí-Açu River accompanied by seventeen other Germans, and still celebrates its German heritage, including the second largest Oktoberfest in the Americas.

Vale do Itajaí
Vale do Itajaí also known as Vale Europeu (or "European Valley") is a mesoregion located in the Northeastern part of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. It has about 1.3 million inhabitants and comprises four smaller regions: Blumenau, Itajaí, Ituporanga and Rio do Sul. Most of the population is of German and Italian ancestry.
Andrija Radović
Andrija Radović (Serbian Cyrillic: Андрија Радовић; 1872–1947) was a Montenegrin politician and statesmen, former Prime Minister and leader of the People's and then Democratic Party, fighter for parliamentary democracy and chief proponent of Montenegro's unification with Serbia.

People's Party (Montenegro, 1906)
The People's Party (Serbian: Народна странка, romanized: Narodna stranka, abbr. НС/ NS), also known as the Klubaši or the Narodnjaci, was a political party in the Principality of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Montenegro. The party represented the opposition to King Nikola I. The People's Party main political goal was the dethroning of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty and the unification of Montenegro and Serbia. The founder of the party was Šako Petrović-Njegoš, Nikola I's cousin, other notable founding members of the party included Andrija Radović, Marko Radulović and Mihailo Ivanović. As a response to the formation of the People's Party in 1907, Petrović-Njegoš dynasty loyalists organised themselves into the True People's Party, also known as the Rightists.
David Julius
David Jay Julius (born November 4, 1955) is an American physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate known for his work on molecular mechanisms of pain sensation and heat, including the characterization of the TRPV1 and TRPM8 receptors that detect capsaicin, menthol, and temperature. He is a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.

Julius won the 2010 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine and the 2020 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences. In 2020 he was awarded The Kavli Prize, and in 2021 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Ardem Patapoutian.

TRPV1
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRPV1 gene. It was the first isolated member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor proteins that in turn are a sub-family of the transient receptor potential protein group.  This protein is a member of the TRPV group of transient receptor potential family of ion channels. Fatty acid metabolites with affinity for this receptor are produced by cyanobacteria, which diverged from eukaryotes at least 2 billion years ago.
The function of TRPV1 is detection and regulation of body temperature. In addition, TRPV1 provides a sensation of scalding heat and pain (nociception). In primary afferent sensory neurons, it cooperates with TRPA1 (a chemical irritant receptor) to mediate the detection of noxious environmental stimuli.
Mahadev Govind Ranade
Rao Bahadur Mahadev Govind Ranade CIE (18 January 1842–16 January 1901), popularly referred to as Nyayamurti Ranade (lit. Justice Ranade), was an Indian scholar, social reformer, judge and author. He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress party and held several designations such as Member of the Bombay Legislative Council and Member of the Finance Committee at the Centre. He was also a judge of the Bombay High Court, Maharashtra.

As a well-known public figure, his personality as a calm and patient optimist influenced his attitude towards dealings with Britain as well as reform in India. During his life, he helped establish the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Maharashtra Granthottejak Sabha and Prarthana Samaj. He also edited a Bombay Anglo-Marathi daily paper—The Induprakash, founded on his ideology of social and religious reform.

He was accorded the title of Rao Bahadur.

Prarthana Samaj
Prarthana Samaj or "Prayer Society" in Sanskrit, was a movement for religious and social reform in Bombay, India, based on earlier reform movements. Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang along with social reformers such as Waman Abaji Modak in 31 March 1867 when Keshub Chandra Sen visited Maharashtra, with an aim to make people believe in one God and worship only one God. It became popular after Mahadev Govind Ranade joined. The main reformers were the intellectuals who advocated reforms of the social system of the Hindus. It was spread to southern India by noted Telugu reformer and writer, Kandukuri Veeresalingam.
Sendhil Ramamurthy
Sendhil Amithab Ramamurthy (born May 17, 1974) is an Indian-American actor. He is best known for his roles as geneticist Mohinder Suresh in the NBC sci-fi drama Heroes (2006–2010), Jai Wilcox in Covert Affairs (2010–2012), Gabriel "Gabe" Lowan in Beauty and the Beast (2013–2014), and Mohan in Never Have I Ever (2020).

Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)
Beauty & the Beast is a science fiction police procedural television series filmed in Toronto, Canada, very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS series of the same name. Developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin, the show premiered on The CW on October 11, 2012, and ended its four season-run on September 15, 2016. Kristin Kreuk and Jay Ryan star in the title roles alongside Austin Basis, Nina Lisandrello, Nicole Gale Anderson, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Max Brown, Brian J. White, Amber Skye Noyes, and Michael Roark.
Jerome Bixby
Drexel Jerome Lewis Bixby (January 11, 1923 – April 28, 1998) was an American short story writer and scriptwriter. He wrote the 1953 story "It's a Good Life", which was included in The Science Fiction Hall of Fame.

"It's a Good Life" was the basis of a 1961 episode of The Twilight Zone and inspired one of the segments in Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983). He wrote four episodes for the Star Trek series: "Mirror, Mirror", "Day of the Dove", "Requiem for Methuselah", and "By Any Other Name". With Otto Klement, he co-wrote the story upon which the science fiction movie Fantastic Voyage (1966) was based. Bixby's final produced work was the screenplay for the 2007 science fiction film The Man from Earth.

He also wrote many westerns and used the pseudonyms Jay Lewis Bixby, D. B. Lewis, Harry Neal, Albert Russell, J. Russell, M. St. Vivant, Thornecliff Herrick, and Alger Rome (for one collaboration with Algis Budrys).

It's a Good Life
"It's a Good Life" is a short story by American writer Jerome Bixby, written in 1953.  In 1970, the Science Fiction Writers of America selected it for The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume One, as one of the 20 best short stories in science fiction published prior to the Nebula Award. The story was first published in Star Science Fiction Stories No.2. The story was adapted in 1961 into an episode of The Twilight Zone.
Politischer Arbeiter-Zirkel
Politischer Arbeiter-Zirkel  (Political Workers' Circle) was a political activist group founded by Karl Harrer, a known nationalist, in hopes of gathering intellectuals to discuss the political future of Germany in March 1918. The organization eventually merged with the Workers' Committee for a Good Peace formed by Anton Drexler to become the German Workers' Party in January 1919. Ultimately these principles would develop into the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), also known as the Nazi Party.

German Workers' Party
The German Workers' Party (German: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP) was an obscure far-right political party established in the Weimar Republic after World War I. It lasted from 5 January 1919 until 24 February 1920. The DAP was the precursor of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party.
Kocher–Debre–Semelaigne syndrome
Kocher–Debré–Semelaigne syndrome (KDSS) is hypothyroidism in infancy or childhood characterised by lower extremity or generalized muscular hypertrophy (Herculean appearance), myxoedema, short stature, and cognitive impairment.

The syndrome is named after Emil Theodor Kocher, Robert Debré and Georges Semelaigne. Also known as Debré–Semelaigne syndrome or cretinism-muscular hypertrophy, hypothyroid myopathy, hypothyroidism-large muscle syndrome, hypothyreotic muscular hypertrophy in children, infantile myxoedema-muscular hypertrophy, myopathy-myxoedema syndrome, myxoedema-muscular hypertrophy syndrome, myxoedema-myotonic dystrophy syndrome.

The adult-onset form of this syndrome is Hoffmann syndrome. Some sources claim that two of the differentiating symptoms between KDSS and Hoffmann syndrome is that Hoffmann syndrome lacks painful spasms and pseudomyotonia; however, this claim is in conflict with other sources that list these symptoms as also being present in Hoffmann syndrome.

Hoffmann syndrome
Hoffmann syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy and is not to be confused with Werdnig–Hoffmann disease (a type of spinal muscular atrophy).

It was first documented in 1897 by Johann Hoffmann. It has adult-onset symptoms. It is comparable to the childhood-onset Kocher–Debré–Semelaigne syndrome. It is caused by low thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) with elevated TSH.
Eagle River, Wisconsin
Eagle River is a city and the county seat of Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,628 at the 2020 census. Because of the many lakes in the area, the city is a popular vacation and retirement destination. The area contains many condominiums, seasonal vacation homes, and hunting cabins.

Vilas County, Wisconsin
Vilas County (/vaɪləs/ VYE-ləss) is a county in the state of Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,047. Its county seat is Eagle River. The county partly overlaps the reservation of the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.