hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.

2022 South African census
The South African National Census of 2022 is the 4th comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). The census results were released on 10 October 2023 and recorded a total of 62 million people in the country. Collection issues and delays, partially due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in uncertainty about the accuracy of the findings and increased costs of its implementation. The Census cost R4 billion to implement, roughly double the amount as the 2011 census.
John Mangum (defensive tackle)
John Wayne "Big John" Mangum Sr. (September 30, 1942 – April 29, 1994) was an American professional football defensive tackle in the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Ole Miss Rebels and the Southern Miss Golden Eagles and was selected by the Boston Patriots in the fifth round of the 1966 AFL draft.

Southern Miss Golden Eagles football
The Southern Miss Golden Eagles football program represents the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. They play college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The Eagles are currently members of the Sun Belt Conference and play their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Granity
Granity is a small town on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, 28 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Westport on State Highway 67. Karamea is 68 kilometres (42 mi) further north.

The town is on a narrow strip of land between the Tasman Sea to the west and steep, mountains to the immediate east. Long known as a coal-mining town, the population declined as the industry waned. The population was 190 in June 2025. Several neighbouring towns, such as Denniston, have become virtually ghost towns. In 1911 Granity's population was 589, 641 in 1921 and 547 in 1956. Granity had a railway station on the Westport-Ngākawau Line from 28 Feb 1892 until 16 May 1982, though closed to passengers from 14 October 1946. In 1902 it had a staff of 5.

The name "Granity" was given to the town by gold prospectors, in reference to the large quantity of granite in the area.

Hector and Ngakawau
Hector and Ngakawau are two lightly populated settlements located at the mouth of the Ngākawau River in the West Coast region of New Zealand. Both settlements are situated on State Highway 67 between Westport and Karamea. Despite a low population, many of the workers at New Zealand's largest open-cut coal mine at Stockton choose to live at these places and shuttles frequently operate between the two places.
Solovetsky Monastery
The Solovetsky Monastery (Russian: Солове́цкий монасты́рь, IPA: [səlɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪj mənɐˈstɨrʲ]) is a fortified monastery located on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea in northern Russia. It was one of the largest Christian citadels in northern Russia before it was converted into a Soviet prison and labor camp in 1926 to 1939, and served as a prototype for the camps of the Gulag system. The monastery has experienced several major changes and military sieges. Its most important structures date from the 16th century, when Filip Kolychev was its hegumen (comparable to an abbot).

Kem, Russia
Kem (Russian: Кемь; Finnish and Karelian: Kemi, sometimes Vienan Kemi) is a historic town and the administrative center of Kemsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the shores of the White Sea where the Kem River enters it, on the railroad leading from Petrozavodsk to Murmansk. It had a population of 13,051 as of 2010, which was down from previous years.
Karl Zimmer
Karl Günter Zimmer (12 July 1911 – 29 February 1988) was a German nuclear chemist who is best known for his work in understanding the ionizing radiation on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and did fundamental work on radiation biology.: 209

In 1935, he published the major work, Über die Natur der Genmutation und der Genstruktur, with Timofeev-Resovskij, and Max Delbrück; it was considered to be a major advance in understanding the nature of gene mutation and gene structure.

From 1945–1955, Zimmer was one of many German nuclear scientists in the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons but left Russia to eventually settle in Germany.

Alexander Catsch
Alexander Siegfried Catsch (also Katsch; 13 March [O.S. 28 February] 1913–16 February 1976) was a German biologist and a physician of Russian-descent who was one of the senior German scientists in Soviet program of nuclear weapons, and later his research was used in the Soviet program of biological weapons.

Until the end of the World War II, Catsch was a professional colleague of Soviet biologist, Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research in Berlin, studying on the genome and genetic structures. He was taken into the Soviet custody and held in Russia where he first worked at the Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal’, but later posted at the Laboratory B in Singul' to work on radiation biology under Timofeev-Ressovsky in 1947.

In 1955, Catsch was returned to Germany and settled in Karlsruhe where he pioneered studies in methods on extracting radionucleotides from various organs at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
Moreh, India
Moreh (Meitei pronunciation: /mō-rey/) is a border town located on the India–Myanmar border in Tengnoupal district of the Indian state of Manipur.
As a rapidly developing international trade point with the integrated customs and international immigration checkpoint, Moreh plays an important role in India's Look East Policy, trade and commerce under ASEAN–India Free Trade Area, India-Myanmar relationship, India–Myanmar–Thailand road connectivity, and Trans-Asian Railway connectivity.

Tamu in Myanmar, just across the Menal river from Moreh, is connected to Moreh via two roads: The Indo-Myanmar Friendship Bridge and a newer Moreh ICP Bridge which connects the Moreh Integrated Check Post (Moreh ICP). Tamu in Myanmar connects Moreh in India to Kalewa-Yagyi-Mandalay in Myanmar and Mae Sot in Thailand through the India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway.

Tamu, Myanmar
Tamu is a town in the Kabaw Valley in the Sagaing Region in north-west Myanmar near the border with the eastern Indian state of Manipur. It is a principal town of the Kabaw Valley and the seat of administration for the Tamu Township. Opposite the Indian town of Moreh, it is home to an official border trade posts with India, which opened on 12 April 2005. In 2022, total trade volume at the border post stood at US$15.134 million.
King Gordy
Waverly Walter Alford III (born August 18, 1977), known professionally by his stage name King Gordy, is an American rapper and singer from Detroit, Michigan. He is one-fourth of underground hip hop group the Fat Killahz (with Fatt Father, Marv Won and Bang Belushi), one-third of the horrorcore supergroup How to Gag a Maggot (with Jimmy Donn and GrewSum), and one-half of the hardcore rap duos Last American Rock Stars (with Bizarre of D12) and Even Heathens (with ILLtemper.) He is currently signed to his self-owned record label King of Van Dyke Entertainment, which he unofficially launched during late 2018.

L.A.R.S.
L.A.R.S. (sometimes stylized as Lars, an acronym of Last American Rock Stars) is an American horrorcore duo, formed in Detroit, Michigan, consisting of rappers Bizarre (of D12) and King Gordy (of the Fat Killahz). They signed to Twiztid's independent record label Majik Ninja Entertainment on August 16, 2017.
Wang Sizheng
Wang Sizheng (fl. 520–550), courtesy name Sizheng, was a military general of the Northern Wei and Western Wei during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. He was one of Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei's close associates who persuaded him to join Yuwen Tai in moving the capital west to the Guanzhong region. As a general of Western Wei, he built the city of Yubi (玉壁, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), which became an important garrison of defense against the Eastern Wei. In 547, when the Eastern Wei general, Hou Jing, rebelled in the Henan, he invaded Yingchuan at his own accord and held out in the city of Changshe (長社; in present-day Changge, Henan) for over a year without reinforcements before surrendering.

Hou Jing
Hou Jing (Chinese: 侯景; pinyin: Hóu Jǐng; died c.26 May 552), courtesy name Wanjing (萬景), was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician. He was a general of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, and Liang, and briefly, after controlling the Liang imperial regime for several years, usurped the Liang throne, establishing a state of Han. He was soon defeated by the Liang prince Xiao Yi, the prince of Xiangdong, and was killed by his own associates while in flight. The entire period from 548–552 is known as the Hou Jing or Houjing Disturbance (侯景之亂). Hou Jing is one of the most reviled figures in imperial Chinese history, known for his extreme cruelty to enemies and civilians. He is also known to have called himself "Grand General of the Universe, Chief Controller of all Military Affairs in the Six Directions" (宇宙大將軍、都督六合諸軍事).
Deutschnofen
Deutschnofen (German pronunciation: [ˌdɔʏtʃn̩ˈoːfn̩]; Italian: Nova Ponente [ˈnɔːva poˈnɛnte]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of the city of Bolzano.

Deutschnofen borders the following municipalities: Aldein, Bolzano, Bronzolo, Karneid, Laives, Welschnofen, and municipalities of Predazzo, Tesero and Varena in Trentino.

The municipality of Deutschnofen contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Petersberg (Italian: Monte San Pietro), Eggen (Italian: San Nicolò d'Ega), Rauth (Novale) and Obereggen, a small tourist village located on the foot of the Latemar, with some 900 inhabitants.

The A22 motorway is located 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the village. Deutschnofen shares 7 km of the frontier with Trentino. The Brantental valley connects it with Laives.

Laives
Laives (Italian: [ˈlaives]), also known as Leifers (German: [ˈlaɪfɐs]), is a town and a comune (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. It is located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of the city of Bolzano. Laives is one of only six mainly Italian-speaking municipalities in South Tyrol, and is the fourth-largest municipality in the province.

The town's main language fluctuated severely in the 19th and 20th centuries as part of Austria-Hungary and then the Kingdom of Italy. Laives' population is noted as being especially proficient in both Italian and German linguistic codes.
Eugene Sledge
Eugene Bondurant Sledge (November 4, 1923 – March 3, 2001) was a United States Marine, university professor, and author.  His 1981 memoir With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa chronicled his combat experiences during World War II and was used as source material for the Ken Burns PBS documentary The War (2007), as well as the HBO miniseries The Pacific (2010), in which he is portrayed by Joseph Mazzello.

With the Old Breed
With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa is a World War II memoir by United States Marine, Eugene Sledge, first published in 1981. The memoir is based on notes Sledge kept tucked away in a pocket-sized Bible he carried with him during battles he fought at Peleliu and Okinawa. The book formed part of the basis of the material covered by Ken Burns' PBS documentary The War (2007), as well as the HBO miniseries The Pacific (2010), in which Sledge was portrayed by Joseph Mazzello. Author and oral historian Studs Terkel, interviewed the author for his definitive oral history, The Good War (1984).
Q code
The Q-code is a standardised collection of three-letter codes that each start with the letter "Q". It is an operating signal initially developed for commercial radiotelegraph communication (used e. g. by the Maritime Mobile Service or Amateur Radio Service), later also for TeleTYpe (TTY. e. g. for AFTN, the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network) and RadioTeleTYpe (RTTY e.g. used by the Maritime Mobile Service or Amateur Radio Service) and in voice communications (e.g. Aeronautical mobile service). Most Q-codes defined in 1947 are still in use today, date back to the International Telecommunication Convention in Atlantic City, 1947 and are standardized in the ITU International Radio Regulations from 1947 (ITU-RR).

ACP 131
ACP-131 is the controlling publication for the listing of Q codes and Z codes. It is published and revised from time to time by the Combined Communications Electronics Board (CCEB) countries: Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom, and United States. When the meanings of the codes contained in ACP-131 are translated into various languages, the codes provide a means of communicating between ships of various nations, such as during a NATO exercise, where there is no common language.
Sigyn
Sigyn (Old Norse "(woman) friend of victory") is a deity from Norse mythology. She is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In the Poetic Edda, little information is provided about Sigyn other than her role in assisting her husband Loki during his captivity. In the Prose Edda, her role in helping Loki through his time spent in bondage is reiterated, she appears in various kennings, and her status as a goddess is mentioned twice. Sigyn may appear on the Gosforth Cross and has been the subject of an amount of theory and cultural references.

Gosforth Cross
The Gosforth Cross is a large stone monument in St Mary's churchyard at Gosforth in the English county of Cumbria, dating to the first half of the 10th century AD. Formerly part of the kingdom of Northumbria, the area was settled by Scandinavians some time in either the 9th or 10th century. It has gained reputation for its combination of Christian symbols with Nordic symbols, being a tangible piece of evidence of the impact of the Christianization of Scandinavia.

The deities depicted on the monument have been identified with Sigyn attempting to protect her bound husband Loki, a horn-wielding Heimdallr, Víðarr in the process of defeating Fenrir, and Thor in a failed attempt to capture Jörmungandr. The images likely adapt scenes from the Poetic Edda. Also depicted on the monument is the crucifixion of Jesus. The tree-like design of the base of the cross may represent Yggdrasil or a mythical tree of life.
Scott Quinnell
Scott Quinnell (born 20 August 1972) is a Welsh former rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He was a number eight for Wales, Llanelli RFC, Llanelli Scarlets, Richmond and the British & Irish Lions in rugby union. He won 52 caps for Wales (seven as captain) and three for the Lions, and scored 11 international tries for Wales and one for the Lions.

In 1994 he changed codes to rugby league, transferring from Llanelli RFC to Wigan. He played for two seasons before returning to rugby union, winning a league championship with Wigan and two international caps for Wales.

Llanelli RFC
Llanelli Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Llanelli) was a Welsh rugby union club founded on 30 March 1872.

The club's historic home ground was Stradey Park in Llanelli, but they moved in 2008 to the new Parc y Scarlets in adjacent Pemberton. The club song is "Sosban Fach", a Welsh song meaning "Little Saucepan", which is sometimes sung by the club's fans during matches as the club anthem. The team colours are scarlet and white.

Following the 2003 regionalisation of Welsh rugby, Llanelli became a feeder club to the Scarlets regional team. Following the 2022-23 season, the club was disbanded.
Dhokla
Dhokla or dokla is a savoury sponge dish that is native to the Indian state of Gujarat and parts of adjacent states, and is popular throughout the country. It is made with a fermented batter that is steamed to a cake-like consistency. The batter consists of a mixture of rice with the pulse Bengal gram, but has several variants with the gram replaced by chickpeas, pigeon peas, or urad beans.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
Yegyi Township
Yegyi Township (Burmese: ရေကြည်မြို့နယ်, officially romanized as Yekyi Township) is a township of Kyonpyaw District in north-central Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The Township has three towns- the principal town of Yekyi and the towns of Ahthoke, Ngathaingchaung. The western portion of the township are informally includes Ngathaingchaung Subtownship, an unofficial division used by the Township for statistical and administrative ease. The township as a whole borders Lemyethna Township of Hinthada District to the north, Gwa Township of Rakhine State to the northwest and Thabaung Township of Pathein District to the southwest. To its east and southeast, it borders the other two townships of Kyonpyaw District, Kyonpyaw Township and Kyaunggon Township.

The township has 1 subtownship, 3 towns with 16 total urban wards and 87 village tracts representing 523 villages. Its largest town is Ngathaingchaung.

Thabaung Township
Thabaung Township is a township of Pathein District in the Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar. The principal town is Thabaung.

Thabaung Township is located in west-central Ayeyarwady Region in the northern part of Pathein District. To the south, the township borders Pathein Township and Kangyidaunt Township with the district. To the townships's east it borders Yegyi Township and Kyaunggon Township in Kyonpyaw Township. In its northwest, it borders Gwa Township in Rakhine State. The Bay of Bengal forms the Township's western shore.

The Township includes Shwethaungyan Subtownship, a unofficial division spanning the border with Pathein Township along the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The population in the area of Thabaung Township outside of the subtownship was 154,400 in 2014. The subtownship is used by the Townships for statistical and administrative ease. The township as a whole is divided into 3 urban wards, 67 village tracts and 394 villages.
Disney's Animated Storybook
Disney's Animated Storybook (stylized as Disney's Animated StoryBook, and also known as Disney's Story Studio) is a point-and-click adventure interactive storybook video game series based on Walt Disney Feature Animation and Pixar films that were released during the mid-to-late 1990s. They were published by Disney Interactive for personal computers (Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh) for children ages four to eight years old. Starting from 1994, most of the entries in the series were developed by Media Station. They have the same plots as their respective films, though abridged due to the limited medium.

Disney's Activity Center
Disney's Activity Center is a series of PC and PlayStation games released by Disney Interactive with each title consisting of various activities and minigames to be completed, using aspects of their licensed property.
Pugazh (film)
Pugazh (transl. Fame) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by Manimaran and co-produced by Varun Manian. The film stars Jai and Surbhi, while Karunas, RJ Balaji, G. Marimuthu, and Piraisoodan play supporting roles. The music was composed by Vivek-Mervin. with cinematography by Velraj and editing by G. B. Venkatesh. The film released on 18 March 2016 to mixed reviews from critics.

Surbhi
Surbhi Puranik (born 5 June,1993), professionally known as Surbhi, is an Indian actress who primarily works in Telugu and Tamil films. She made her film debut with the Tamil film Ivan Veramathiri (2013), for which she received SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut - Tamil and Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress nominations.

Surbhi made her Telugu film debut with Beeruva (2015). She has been part of successful films including Express Raja and Gentleman both (2016). She made her Kannada film debut with Sakath (2021).
Catherine Goddard Clarke
Catherine Goddard Clarke MICM, also known as Sister Catherine, (August 21, 1900 – May 8, 1968) was an American Traditionalist Catholic writer, educator, and lay religious sister. She was the founder of the Saint Benedict Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts and, alongside Father Leonard Feeney, a founder of the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.

Leonard Feeney
Leonard Edward Feeney (February 18, 1897 – January 30, 1978) was an American Jesuit Catholic priest, poet, lyricist, and essayist.

He articulated a strict interpretation of the Catholic doctrine extra Ecclesiam nulla salus ("outside the Church there is no salvation"). He took the position that baptism of blood and baptism of desire are unavailing and that therefore non-Catholics will not be saved. This position is called Feeneyism, coming from his last name.

Fighting against what he perceived to be the liberalization of Catholic doctrine, he was excommunicated by the Holy See in 1953. Feeney reconciled with the church in 1972, though never recanted his controversial views on salvation.

He was described as Boston's homegrown version of Father Charles Coughlin for his antisemitism.
Stein am Rhein
Stein am Rhein (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪn am ˈraɪn], lit. 'Stein on the Rhine'; abbreviated as Stein a. R.) is a historic town and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is located at the outfall of Lower Lake Constance on the High Rhine river, about halfway between the town of Schaffhausen and the city of Konstanz.

The town's medieval centre retains the ancient street plan. The site of the city wall, and the city gates are preserved, though the former city wall now consists of houses. The medieval part of the town has been pedestrianised and many of the medieval buildings are painted with frescoes.

Untersee (Lake Constance)
The Untersee (German pronunciation: [ˈʊntɐzeː], lit. 'Lower Lake'), also known as Lower Lake Constance, is the smaller of the two lakes that together form Lake Constance. The boundary between Switzerland and Germany runs through it. The lake surrounds several islands, the largest being Reichenau Island.
Methyldibromo glutaronitrile
Methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) is a widely used preservative.

It is made by reacting bromine with 2-methyleneglutaronitrile below 30 °C. An allergy to the chemical can be discovered by performing a patch test.

Patch test
A patch test is a diagnostic method used to determine which specific substances cause allergic inflammation of a patient's skin.

Patch testing helps identify which substances may be causing a delayed-type allergic reaction in a patient and may identify allergens not identified by blood testing or skin prick testing. It is intended to produce a local allergic reaction on a small area of the patient's back, where the diluted chemicals were planted.

The chemicals included in the patch test kit are the offenders in approximately 85–90 percent of contact allergic eczema and include chemicals present in metals (e.g., nickel), rubber, leather, formaldehyde, lanolin, fragrance, toiletries, hair dyes, medicine, pharmaceutical items, food, drink, preservative, and other additives.