hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Goddard & Gibbs
Goddard & Gibbs was a  London-based glassmaker and stained glass window manufacturer. The company was established by Walter Gibbs in 1868, although one firm which it subsequently acquired had been established earlier, in 1855. Goddard & Gibbs was formed by a merger in 1938; the company continued to trade until it was acquired by Hardman & Co. in 2006. Hardman itself ceased to trade in 2008.

Hardman & Co.
Hardman & Co., otherwise John Hardman Trading Co., Ltd., founded 1838, began manufacturing stained glass in 1844 and became one of the world's leading manufacturers of stained glass and ecclesiastical fittings. After the doors closed at Lightwoods Park Justin Hardman, a descendant of John Hardman kept the heart of the studio alive and with the help of chief designer, Artist Edgar JB Phillips (son of Edgar S Phillips, Hardman’s Chairman) they continued to design and manufacture exquisite traditional Hardman stained glass around the world, until the business closed in 2008.
Monophthong
A monophthong (/ˈmɒnəfθɒŋ/, MON-əf-thong) is a vowel sound characterized by a relatively stable articulatory configuration throughout its duration. During the production of a monophthong, the tongue does not undergo significant vertical (height) or horizontal (front–back) movement toward a different position of articulation. For this reason, monophthongs are commonly referred to as pure vowels.

Monophthongs are contrasted with diphthongs, in which vowel quality changes (or glides) within a single syllable, and with hiatus, in which two adjacent vowel sounds belong to separate syllables.

The term derives from Ancient Greek μονόφθογγος (monóphthongos, “single sound”), formed from μόνος (mónos, “single”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).

Vowel hiatus
In phonology, hiatus (/haɪˈeɪtəs/ hy-AY-təs) or diaeresis (/daɪˈɛrəsɪs, -ˈɪər-/ dy-ERR-ə-siss, -⁠EER-; also spelled dieresis or diæresis) describes the occurrence of two separate vowel sounds in adjacent syllables with no intervening consonant. When two vowel sounds instead occur together as part of a single syllable, the result is called a diphthong.
Burmish languages
The Burmish languages are a subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan languages consisting of Burmese (including Standard Burmese, Arakanese, and other Burmese dialects such as the Tavoyan dialects) as well as non-literary languages spoken across Myanmar and South China such as Achang, Lhao Vo, Lashi, and Zaiwa.

The various Burmish languages have a total of 35 million native speakers.

Lashi language
Lashi (Burmese: လရှီ, endonym Lacid) is a Burmish language. Although the endonym Lashi is often used by Western researchers, the people refer to themselves and their language as Lacid. It is according to Nishi in the Maruic branch, which preserves the preglottalized initials of Proto-Burmish in the most phonotactic environments.
Micromanía
Micromanía was a Spanish computer game magazine. It was founded by the publisher HobbyPress, currently a subsidiary of Axel Springer SE. It was created in May 1985 and is one of the first magazines in Europe exclusively devoted to video games. It was first published soon after MicroHobby, which had been created just a few months earlier by the same publisher. The magazine in its two first periods was a major outlet supporting of the golden era of Spanish software. Micromanía celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2010. In July 2012, Axel Springer sold Micromanía to other owner, focussing its video game coverage in its other magazine, Hobby Consolas. The Micromanía team continued the printed magazine independently, published by BlueOcean Publishing, until its final issue in February 2024.

HobbyConsolas
HobbyConsolas is a Spanish video game magazine founded in 1991 by Hobby Press and published by Axel Springer SE. The first issue appeared in October 1991. The monthly magazine offers information about games for all consoles, and since 2012 has also covered video games for PC and mobile devices. In March 2014 it had a circulation of 32,129 copies, and had approximately 330,000 readers. Their official website is the fifth most visited Spanish video game website.

Listeners of the Spanish radio program Game 40 named HobbyConsolas the best game magazine of 1997.
Order of Australia
The Order of Australia is an Australian honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on the advice of then prime minister Gough Whitlam. Before the establishment of the order, Australians could receive British honours, which continued to be issued in parallel until 1992.

Appointments to the order are made by the governor-general, "with the approval of The Sovereign", according to recommendations made by the Council for the Order of Australia. Members of the government are not involved in the recommendation of appointments, other than for military and honorary awards.

The King of Australia is the sovereign head of the order, and the governor-general is the principal companion and chancellor of the order. The governor-general's official secretary, Gerard Martin (appointed 1 July 2024), is secretary of the order.

Council for the Order of Australia
The Council for the Order of Australia is the body responsible for recommending new appointments within the Order of Australia. It was established by letters patent issued by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam on 14 February 1975. The prime minister of the day appoints the Council chair, and seven "community representatives", while each state and territory appoints a representative. In addition, there are three other ex officio members.
St Clare's School, Newton
St Clare's School was a coeducational private day school, located in the village of Newton (near Porthcawl), in Bridgend County Borough, South Wales. St. Clare's was a non-selective independent school attended by pupils aged 2 1/2 years through to 18. The school provided preparatory, secondary and tertiary education leading to GCSE and A-level qualifications. The Roman Catholic Church owned and ran the school from 1938 to 2006 when it was sold to the Cognita Group. In May 2025 Cognita announced that the school would close permanently in December 2025.

Cognita
Cognita is a global private schools group which owns and operates schools throughout various countries. The group has over 100 schools and employs 21,000 staff and teaches 95,000 students across 20 countries. Cognita schools teach 14 different curricula, namely National, International Baccalaureate, American (including American Education Reaches Out – Common Core Plus and Advanced Placement), Australian, Spanish, Chilean, Colombian, Greek, Mexican, Indian, Swiss, Italian,  Brazilian, and Omani.

Cognita was founded by the late Chris Woodhead, previously Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools in England.
Zaydism
Zaydism (Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya), also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, the other two being Twelverism and Ismailism.

Zaydism is typically considered the Shia branch that is closest to Sunni Islam, although the "classical" form of Zaydism (usually referred to as Hadawi) historically changed its stance on Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where Zaydis' simply accepting Ali as a rightful successor to Muhammad was enough to consider them Shia.

Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Shafi'i Sunnism, the jurisprudential school of about half of the Yemenis. Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northwestern Yemen and Najran in Saudi Arabia.

Revolts of Zayd ibn Ali
The Revolts of Zayd ibn Ali (Arabic: الثورات زيد بن علي, romanized: al-Thawrāt Zayd ibn ʿAlī), also known as the Zaydi Revolts, were a series of revolts initially led by Zayd ibn Ali and later his son and successor Yahya ibn Zayd against the Umayyad Caliphate, which had taken over from the Rashidun Caliphate since the death of his great-grandfather, Ali.
Ukrainian Dorian scale
In music, the Ukrainian Dorian scale (Dorian ♯4 scale) or the Lydian ♭3 ♭7 scale is a modified minor scale with raised 4th and 6th degrees (when compared to the natural minor), often with a variable 4th degree. It has traditionally been common in the music of Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean including Jewish, Greek, Ukrainian, and Romanian music. Because of its widespread use, this scale has been known by a variety of names including Altered Dorian, Hutsul mode and Mi Shebeirach. It is also closely related to the Nikriz pentachord found in Turkish or Arabic maqam systems. It is equivalent to the scale of the Indian raga Hemavati.

It is one of the two harmonic Dorian scales, the being is the Dorian ♭5 scale.
Compared with the Dorian mode it has a raised 4th degree, notated relative to the major scale as:

1, 2, ♭3, ♯4, 5, 6, ♭7, 8

Dorian mode
The Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to three very different but interrelated subjects: one of the Ancient Greek harmoniai (characteristic melodic behaviour, or the scale structure associated with it); one of the medieval musical modes; or—most commonly—one of the modern modal diatonic scales, corresponding to the piano keyboard's white notes from D to D, or any transposition of itself.

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.
Actaeon
In Greek mythology, Actaeon (/ækˈtiːən/; Ancient Greek: Ἀκταίων Aktaiōn) was the son of the priestly herdsman Aristaeus in Boeotia, and a famous Theban hero. Through his mother Autonoë he was a member of the ruling House of Cadmus. Like Achilles in a later generation, he was trained by the centaur Chiron.

He succumbed to the fatal wrath of Artemis (later his myth became attached to tales of Artemis' Roman counterpart Diana), but the surviving details of his transgression vary: "the only certainty is in what Aktaion suffered, his pathos, and what Artemis did: the hunter became the hunted; he was transformed into a stag, and his raging hounds, struck with a 'wolf's frenzy' (Lyssa), tore him apart as they would a stag."

Most depictions, both in ancient art and in Renaissance and post-Renaissance art, show either the moment of transgression and transformation, or his killing by his own hounds.

Chiron
In Greek mythology, Chiron (/ˈkaɪrən/ KY-rən; also Cheiron or Kheiron; Ancient Greek: Χείρων, romanized: Kheírōn, lit. 'hand') was held to be the superlative centaur amongst his brethren since he was called the "wisest and justest of all the centaurs".
Sankt Goarshausen
Sankt Goarshausen (German pronunciation: [zaŋkt ɡoaːɐ̯sˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ; abbreviated St. Goarshausen)  is a town located in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis in Nassau on the eastern shore of the Rhine, in the section known as the Rhine Gorge, directly across the river from Sankt Goar, in the German state Rhineland-Palatinate. It is located within the Nassau Nature Park and the Rhine Gorge UNESCO world heritage site, and was historically part of the Duchy of Nassau. It lies approximately 30 km south of Koblenz, and it is above all famous for the Lorelei rock nearby. Sankt Goarshausen is the seat of the Loreley collective municipality. The town's economy is based on wine making and tourism.

The Sankt Goarshausen railway station connects the town with Wiesbaden, Frankfurt and Koblenz. Sankt Goarshausen was formerly the terminus of the Nassau Light Railway line between Sankt Goarshausen and Nastätten.

Lorelei
The Lorelei (/ˈlɒrəlaɪ/ ⓘ LORR-ə-ly; German: Loreley or Lorelei, pronounced [loːʁəˈlaɪ̯] ⓘ or [ˈloːʁəlaɪ̯]; also found as Loreleï, Lore Lay, Lore-Ley, Lurley, Lurelei and Lurlei throughout history) is a 132-metre-high (433 ft), steep slate rock on the right bank of the River Rhine in the Rhine Gorge (or Middle Rhine) at Sankt Goarshausen in Germany, part of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. The 1930s Loreley Amphitheatre is on top of the rock.

It has been an infamous fluvial disaster site since its first records during the 10th century, with a varied mythos, ranging from dwarfs to a siren trying to explain the high number of ship wrecks and the loud echo inside the passage.
Joyce Bell
Joyce Elaine Rockenbach Bell (born c. 1927) is an American nursing teacher and entomologist. She worked on insect taxonomy at the University of Vermont, together with her husband Ross Bell (1929–2019). The pair described more than 75% of the rhysodine species known to science.

Ross Bell
Ross Taylor Bell (April 23, 1929 – November 9, 2019) was an American entomologist with particular interest in the invertebrate natural history of Vermont, United States, and carabid beetles. Together with his wife, Joyce Rockenbach Bell, his work at the University of Vermont was largely taxonomic, where they described more than 75% of the rhysodine species known to science. Ross also wrote a number of seminal papers in his chosen field.
Kershaw County, South Carolina
Kershaw County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 65,403. The county seat and largest community is Camden. The county was created in 1791 from parts of Claremont, Lancaster, Fairfield, and Richland counties. It is named for Col. Joseph Kershaw (1727–1791), an early settler and American Revolutionary War patriot. Kershaw County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Richland County, South Carolina
Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 416,147, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The county seat and largest community is Columbia, the state capital. The county was established on March 12, 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia. The county is also the location of the geographic center of South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.
It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Downtown Morgantown Historic District
The Downtown Morgantown Historic District is a federally designated historic district  in Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. The district, encompassing approximately 75 acres, has 122 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites including commercial and public buildings, residences, and churches. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 2, 1996. Ten of the contributing buildings are listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. Significant structures located within the historic district are the Monongalia County Courthouse, the Metropolitan Theater, and the Old Morgantown Post Office (currently the Monongalia Arts Center).

Monongalia County Courthouse
Monongalia County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located in Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. A courthouse was erected in 1784. The current structure built in 1891. This Romanesque style building consists of a two-story building with a basement, five-story clock tower  and a three-story South tower. The building measures at 99’ by 83’ by 99’ by 76’ with the first story at fifteen feet high and the second story at twenty-two feet high. The distinctive central clock tower has a pyramidal roof, four doomed buttresses, stone molds over the four clocks and tower windows, arcade belfry, and quatrefoil design with the building date. The original northern facade was covered by an addition built in 1925 with another addition built in 1975. Connected to the courthouse is a two-story Italianate style jailhouse built in 1881.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is located in the Downtown Morgantown Historic District, listed in 1996.
BTV World
BTV World (Bengali: বিটিভি ওয়ার্ল্ড) was a Bangladeshi Bengali-language satellite and cable television channel owned by the state-owned Bangladesh Television. It began operations on 11 April 2004 via the AsiaSat 3 satellite. It simulcast the broadcasts of BTV Dhaka for most of its schedule, which then simulcasted BTV World's broadcasts during the off-air hours of its terrestrial feed.

BTV World was broadcast worldwide from the BTV Bhaban in Rampura, Dhaka. It was also announced to be converted into an entertainment channel, with a different schedule compared to BTV Dhaka. The channel was shut down on 31 December 2024 and replaced with BTV News. BTV World was a free-to-air television channel.

BTV News
BTV News (Bengali: বিটিভি নিউজ) is a Bangladeshi state-owned Bengali-language news-oriented television channel part of the Bangladesh Television network. The channel commenced transmissions on 31 December 2024 after replacing BTV World. It broadcasts from the BTV Bhaban in Rampura, Dhaka. BTV News broadcasts news programming for 24 hours a day.
Koga Castle
Koga Castle (古河城, Koga-jō) was a Japanese castle located in Koga, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. During the Muromachi period, Koga was the seat of the Kantō kubō, under the Ashikaga clan. At the end of the Edo period, Koga Castle was  the administrative center of Koga Domain, which was held by a large number of fudai daimyō clans, spending the longest time under the control of the Doi clan (1633-1681, 1762–1871).

Koga Domain
Koga Domain (古河藩, Koga-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It is located in Shimōsa Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Koga Castle, located in what is the city of Koga in Ibaraki Prefecture.
Washington Luís
Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈwɔʃĩtõ luˈis peˈɾejɾɐ dʒi ˈsowzɐ]; 26 October 1869 – 4 August 1957) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 13th president of Brazil. Elected governor of São Paulo state in 1920 and president of Brazil in 1926, Washington Luís belonged to the Republican Party of São Paulo (PRP) and served as the last president of the First Brazilian Republic.

Facing the crisis generated by the Great Depression in the United States, the president lost almost all his support. He selected his friend Júlio Prestes as his successor in 1930, but just three weeks before the end of his term, Luís was overthrown in a coup d'état during the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 and was succeeded as president by the short-lived Brazilian Military Junta in the last few months of 1930.

Júlio Prestes
Júlio Prestes de Albuquerque (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒulju ˈpɾɛstʃiz dʒi awbuˈkɛʁki]; 15 March 1882 – 9 February 1946) was a Brazilian poet, lawyer and politician. He was the last elected President of Brazil of the period known as the Old Republic, but never took office because the government was overthrown in the Revolution of 1930. Prestes was the only politician to be elected President of Brazil and then impeded from taking office.
Box Hits
Box Hits (formerly Smash Hits) was a British commercial television channel owned by Channel Four Television Corporation. The channel broadcast  general pop music in shows such as Chartbusters, which was recent music and Pop Domination, which showcased new and old music. It also shows other programmes such as themed countdowns and charts such as Top 50 Boy Bands. The channel also had hours dedicated to a particular artist or band such as Pussycat Dolls: Ultimate 10. It was originally based on the former Smash Hits magazine, which was owned by EMAP. The channel shut down on 29 June 2022 at 6am and was replaced with a new version of 4Music.

The channel was available on a number of platforms including Sky and Virgin Media. It was part of a network of channels owned by The Box Plus Network, which includes 4Music, The Box, Kerrang!, Kiss and Magic. All of these channels were in Channel 4's main business operations, until they all closed at 23:59 on 30 June 2024, due to budget cuts.

4Music
4Music was a British music television channel owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation. Launched on 15 August 2008, the original incarnation, replacing The Hits television channel, showed a mix of music and entertainment programming.

On 29 June 2022, 4Music transitioned to a full-time channel on the space formerly containing Box Hits, with E4 Extra, a new sister channel and extension of E4, taking over its original space. On 30 June 2024, the channel, along with its sister Channel 4 (formerly The Box Plus Network) music TV channels, closed for the final time.
Teddesley Hall
52°44′23″N 2°04′44″W﻿ / ﻿52.7397°N 2.0788°W﻿ / 52.7397; -2.0788
Teddesley Hall was a large Georgian English country house located close to Penkridge in Staffordshire, now demolished. It was the main seat firstly of the Littleton Baronets and then of the Barons Hatherton. The site today retains considerable traces of the hall, gardens and other buildings, while the former home farm remains a working farm.

Penkridge
Penkridge (/ˈpɛŋkrɪdʒ/ PENG-krij) is a village and civil parish in South Staffordshire District in Staffordshire, England. It is to the south of Stafford, north of Wolverhampton, west of Cannock, east of Telford and south-east of Newport.

The wealthiest establishment in Penkridge in the Middle Ages, its collegiate church building survived the abolition of the chantries and is the tallest structure in the village centre. The parish is crossed towards its eastern border by the M6 motorway and a separate junction north of the M6 Toll between the West Midlands and Stoke-on-Trent.  Penkridge has a railway station on the West Coast Main Line railway next to the Grade I listed medieval church. Penkridge Viaduct and the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal are to either side of Market Street and the Old Market Square and are among its landmarks.
Esti Ginzburg
Esther Daphna "Esti" Ginzburg-Keizman (Hebrew: אסתי גינזבורג; born (1990-03-06)6 March 1990) is an Israeli model. She has modeled in international campaigns for fashion brands such as Tommy Hilfiger, Burberry, FCUK, Pull and Bear. She was also featured in the 2009, 2010, and 2011 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. According to Forbes Israel, she was ranked third among the top ten highest paid models in Israel in 2013, below the two top Israeli models Bar Refaeli and Gal Gadot.

Bar Refaeli
Bar Refaeli (Hebrew: בר רפאלי; born (1985-06-04)4 June 1985) is an Israeli model. She is among the most internationally successful models to come from Israel, appearing on the cover of the 2009 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and being voted No. 1 on Maxim magazine's Hot 100 list of 2012. As a television host, Refaeli has hosted The X Factor Israel since 2013 and co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv.

As a result of her modeling and investment careers, her net worth was estimated at US$20 million in 2015. She was the highest-paid model in Israel according to Forbes Israel in 2013.
Cheyenne Autumn Trail
Cheyenne Autumn Trail is a 19-minute live action American film produced in color for distribution in late 1964, with narration by James Stewart. Structured as a complementary social and historical companion piece to John Ford's final western, Cheyenne Autumn, it intersperses clips from the big-screen epic with background information about the Northern Cheyenne Exodus of 1878–79 and contrasts it with life on the Cheyenne reservation in 1964, as a tribal chief, a tribal beauty queen and a tribal adolescent take a drive along the route of the 19th-century trek.

Cheyenne Autumn
Cheyenne Autumn is a 1964 American epic Western film starring Richard Widmark, Carroll Baker, James Stewart, and Edward G. Robinson. It tells the story of a factual event, the Northern Cheyenne Exodus of 1878–79, told with artistic license. The film was the last Western directed by John Ford, who proclaimed it an elegy for the Native Americans who had been abused by the U.S. government and misrepresented in numerous of his own films. With a budget of more than $4 million, the film was relatively unsuccessful at the box office and failed to earn a profit for Warner Bros. Pictures.