hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luther H. Hodges Jr.
Luther Hartwell Hodges Jr. (born November 19, 1936) is a retired American politician and banker. He served as the United States secretary of commerce from 1979 to 1980 and as the United States deputy secretary of commerce from 1980 to 1981 within the Carter administration. He is the son of Luther H. Hodges, who was secretary of commerce under John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson between 1961 and 1965, and the 64th governor of North Carolina.

United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce
The United States deputy secretary of commerce is a high-ranking position within the U.S. Department of Commerce. It was created on December 13, 1979, when President Jimmy Carter sent a letter to the U.S. Senate and nominated Luther H. Hodges Jr., who then currently held the title of under secretary of commerce. The deputy secretary serves as the department’s chief operating officer, with responsibility for the day-to-day management of its approximately $11.4 billion budget, 13 operating units, and 46,000 employees. In that capacity, the deputy secretary is also a member of the President’s Management Council. The most recent deputy secretary was Don Graves, who was sworn in on May 14, 2021 and resigned January 20, 2025.
EURO Gold Medal
The EURO Gold medal of the Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO) is the highest distinction within Operations Research (OR) in Europe.
The prize was first awarded to Hans-Jürgen Zimmermann in 1985.

The medal is awarded at EURO-k Conferences, which usually take place twice every three years.
It is granted to an individual or a group for an outstanding contribution to the field of Operations Research.
The Prize is intended to reflect contributions that have stood the test of time, and hence it is awarded for a body of work, rather than a single piece.
The award is a medal in gold, a diploma, and a fee waiver for all future EURO-k conferences.

Association of European Operational Research Societies
The Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO) is a regional grouping within the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) whose aim is to promote Operational Research throughout Europe. It was established in 1975. The First European Conference on Operational Research (EURO I), was opened on the morning of 27 January 1975 at the Sheraton Hotel in Brussels.
Tamuning, Guam
Tamuning, also known as Tamuning-Tumon-Harmon (Chamorro: Tamuneng), is a village located on the western shore of the United States territory of Guam. The village of Tamuning is the economic center of Guam, containing tourist center Tumon, Harmon Industrial Park, and other commercial districts. Its central location along Marine Corps Drive, the island's main thoroughfare, has aided in its development.

Tamuning is the site of the access roads and the old passenger terminal of Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, the passenger airport for Guam. Fort Juan Muña, in Harmon, is a facility for the Guam Army National Guard.

The present and former locations of Guam Memorial Hospital, Guam's only civilian and government operated hospital, are in Tamuning. With Guam's only private birthing center also in the village, most modern civilian births on Guam take place in Tamuning.

Guam Memorial Hospital
Guam Memorial Hospital is a rural general hospital located in Tamuning, Guam and is the only public hospital serving the island of Guam. The hospital has 161 licensed acute care beds, plus 40 beds at its off-site, long-term care Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF).
Maryland Loyalists Battalion
The Maryland Loyalists Battalion, also known as the First Battalion of Maryland Loyalists, was a Loyalist infantry unit which served on the side of the Kingdom of Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. Raised in 1777 by Loyalist officer James Chalmers, the unit, consisting of one battalion, was organizationally part of the British Provincial Corps and saw action at the 1778 Battle of Monmouth and the 1781 Siege of Pensacola. It was disbanded in 1783 in the wake of the Patriot victory in the war.

James Chalmers (loyalist)
James Chalmers (died October 4, 1806) was a Loyalist officer and pamphleteer in the American Revolution.

Born in Elgin, Moray, Scotland, Chalmers was an ambitious military strategist after the War of Independence, who immigrated to America in 1760 "with several black slaves and 10,000 British pounds in his pocket," settling in Kent County and becoming "one of the Eastern Shore's most prominent landowners."
Carlos Azpiroz Costa
Carlos Alfonso Azpiroz Costa, O.P. (born 30 October 1956) is an Argentinian Catholic friar of the Order of Preachers who has served as the Archbishop of Bahia Blanca since 2015. He was previously his religious order's superior general from 2001 to 2010.

Archdiocese of Bahía Blanca
The Archdiocese of Bahía Blanca (Archidioecesis Sinus Albi) is a Latin Church metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church with an ecclesiastical province in the eastern region of the national capital's province of Buenos Aires, central Argentina.

Its cathedral archiepiscopal see and mother church, located in the city of Bahía Blanca, is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Mercy. Since 12 July 2017  Carlos Azpiroz Costa has been its Archbishop.
Passerea
Passerea  is a taxon of neoavian birds that was proposed by Jarvis et al. (2014). Their genomic analysis recovered two major clades within Neoaves, Passerea and Columbea, and concluded that both clades appear to have many ecologically driven convergent traits.

According to Jarvis (2014), these convergences include the foot-propelled diving trait of grebes in Columbea with loons and cormorants in Passerea; the wading-feeding trait of flamingos in Columbea with ibises and egrets in Passerea; and pigeons and sandgrouse in Columbea with shorebirds (killdeer) in Passerea. For Jarvis (2014), these long-known trait and morphological alliances suggest that some of the traditional nongenomic trait classifications are based on polyphyletic assemblages.

Passerea was not recovered in other studies.

Neoaves
Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds (Neornithes or Aves) with the exception of Palaeognathae (ratites and kin) and Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and kin). This group is defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the most inclusive crown clade containing Passer domesticus, but not Gallus gallus". Almost 95% of the roughly 10,000 known species of extant birds belong to the Neoaves.

The early diversification of the various neoavian groups occurred very rapidly around the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, and attempts to resolve their relationships with each other have resulted initially in much controversy.
Antônio Pires Ferreira
Antônio Pires Ferreira (1799–1877) was an important farmer from the states of Piauí and Maranhão. He built Engenho Paraíso, the most important engenho from Maranhão and household for the maranho-piauiense branch of the Pires Ferreira family.

Pires Ferreira family
The Pires Ferreira family is a family from Brazil created in 1725 with the arrival of Domingos Pires Ferreira in Recife. The family quickly rose in importance, specially on Maranhão and Piauí regions.

The Pires Ferreira family has four main branches: the pernambucanos (from Pernambuco), maranho-piauienses (from Maranhão and Piauí), paulistas (from São Paulo) and baianos (from Bahia). Up until 2025, more than 39,000 members of Pires Ferreira family were catalogued.
Ruby Dhalla
Ruby Dhalla (born February 18, 1974) is a Canadian businesswoman and politician. She served as the Member of Parliament for Brampton—Springdale in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2011 as a member of the Liberal Party. Dhalla and British Columbia Conservative MP Nina Grewal were the first Sikh women to serve in the House of Commons of Canada.

She was defeated by Conservative Parm Gill in the 2011 federal election. On January 22, 2025, Dhalla announced her candidacy in the 2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election. Dhalla was disqualified on February 21, 2025, after being accused of violating the Canada Elections Act, as well as "other election finance matters, non-disclosure of material facts and inaccurate financial reporting” including failing to disclose the involvement of a non-Canadian citizen in her campaign which could amount to foreign interference during an election.

2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
From February 26 to March 9, 2025, members of the Liberal Party of Canada voted on a successor for Justin Trudeau after he announced his intent to resign as the party leader and prime minister of Canada.

Mark Carney, the former governor of the Bank of Canada, won the ranked-choice voting (RCV) election with over 85% of the first-preference vote and points, as well as a majority in all 343 ridings. This margin of victory surpassed Justin Trudeau's 2013 leadership victory margin in vote share, points, and ridings.

Carney was sworn in as prime minister on March 14, the first prime minister in Canadian history to not have previously held elected office. Carney subsequently called and won a snap federal election, with Carney winning the Ottawa riding of Nepean.
John Tinniswood
John Alfred Tinniswood (26 August 1912 – 25 November 2024) was a British supercentenarian who was the world's oldest verified living man from the death of 112-year-old Shi Ping of China on 29 June 2024 until his own death on 25 November 2024, at the age of 112 years and 91 days.

Shi Ping
Shi Ping (Chinese: 施平; born Shi Eryi (Chinese: 施尔宜); 1 November 1911 – 29 June 2024) was a Chinese academic, political administrator, and supercentenarian. He is posthumously recognised as having been the world's oldest verified living man from the death of Venezuela's Juan Vicente Pérez on 2 April 2024, until his own death.
Miyun Town
Miyun Town (simplified Chinese: 密云镇; traditional Chinese: 密雲鎮; pinyin: Mìyún Zhèn) is a town in Miyun District, Beijing, China. Situated near the Bai River, It borders Xiwengzhuang Town to its north, Tanying Ethnic Township and Gulou Subdistrict to its east, Guoyuan Subdistrict and Shilipu Town to its south, and Xitiangezhuang Town to its west. In 2020, the census counted 20,392 residents for this town.

The name Miyun (Chinese: 密云; lit. 'Dense Cloud') is referring to the collection of tall mountains located at the south of the town, where clouds can be seen gathering around the mountain tops.

Gulou Subdistrict, Beijing
Gulou Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 鼓楼街道; traditional Chinese: 鼓樓街道; pinyin: Gǔlóu Jiēdào) is a subdistrict and the seat of Miyun District of Beijing, China. It borders Miyun Town and Tanying Ethnic Township to its north, Mujiayu Town to its east, Henanzhai Town to its south, and Guoyuan Subdistrict to its west. As of 2020, it had a population of 154,739.

The subdistrict was created in 2005 from part of Miyun Town. Its name Gulou (Chinese: 鼓楼; lit. 'Drum Tower') originates from the Miyun Drum Tower that used to exist within the region.
Saulos Chilima
Saulos Klaus Chilima (12 February 1973 – 10 June 2024) was a Malawian economist and politician who served as Vice President of Malawi from 2014 to 2019 and again from 2020 until his death in 2024. Chilima assumed office on 28 June 2020, winning the majority alongside presidential candidate Lazarus Chakwera. Chilima also served as the Minister of Economic Planning and Development, as well as Head of Public Sector Reforms, a position he also previously held under the administration of former president Peter Mutharika. Before joining politics, Chilima held key leadership positions in various multi-national companies including Unilever, Coca-Cola, and Airtel Malawi, where he rose to become Chief Executive Officer.

On 10 June 2024, a plane carrying Chilima and eight other passengers crashed in Chikangawa Forest Reserve in Mzimba District, killing all onboard. At least 41,000 people attended his state funeral.

2020 Malawian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Malawi on 23 June 2020, having originally been scheduled for 19 May and later 2 July. They followed the annulment of the results of the 2019 presidential elections, in which Peter Mutharika of the Democratic Progressive Party had received the most votes.

The result of the re-run elections was a victory for Lazarus Chakwera of the Malawi Congress Party, who defeated Mutharika by  margin of 59% to 40%.

The elections were hailed by observers as being both free and fair.
Temple Cloud
Temple Cloud (grid reference ST621580) is a village in the Chew Valley in Somerset on the A37 road.  It is in the civil parish of Temple Cloud with Cameley and in the council area of Bath and North East Somerset. It is 10 miles (16 km) from Bristol and 5 miles (8 km) from the town of Midsomer Norton. The villages of Cameley and Clutton are nearby.

The Temple in the place name possibly relates to the Knights Templar who held the manors of Cameley and Cloud around 1200. Cloud is thought to come from the personal name Cloda. It has been suggested that Cloud derives from the Old English ‘clud’ meaning rocky outcrop (the neighbouring village Clutton has the same derivation).

There were several coal mines in and around the village as a part of the Somerset coalfield, but these have all since closed.

Clutton, Somerset
Clutton is a village and civil parish on the eastern edge of the Chew Valley, close to the Cam Brook river, in the Bath and North East Somerset Council area, within the ceremonial county of Somerset, England.  The village lies east of the A37 road between Bristol and Shepton Mallet, and west of the A39 between Bath and Wells. It is 9 miles (14 km) from Bristol and Bath, and 11 miles (18 km) from Wells. Close by are the villages of Temple Cloud and High Littleton. The town of Midsomer Norton is 5 miles (8 km) away. The parish, which includes the hamlets of Clutton Hill and Northend, had a population of 1,602 in 2011.
Roberto Dinamite
Carlos Roberto de Oliveira (13 April 1954 – 8 January 2023), known as Roberto Dinamite, was a Brazilian footballer and politician, who was born in Duque de Caxias, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. With a career as forward spanning over twenty years, Roberto is the Vasco da Gama player with the most appearances and all-time top goalscorer, as well as the overall leading scorer in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and the Campeonato Carioca. At the national level, Roberto Dinamite played in the 1978 and 1982 FIFA World Cups and the 1972 Olympic Games. He also was president of Vasco da Gama from 2008 to 2014, and Rio de Janeiro state deputy for five consecutive terms.

In 2022, Vasco da Gama honored him with a statue at São Januário. In December 2024, the Brazilian Football Confederation designated the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A top-scorer award as the "Roberto Dinamite Trophy", establishing the title for all subsequent editions of the competition.

Campeonato Carioca
The Campeonato Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (English: Rio de Janeiro State Championship), most known as Campeonato Carioca and commonly as the Cariocão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is run by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation (FERJ).

The first season of the Campeonato Carioca was played in 1906. Rivalries amongst four of the most prestigious Brazilian teams (Botafogo, Flamengo, Fluminense and Vasco da Gama) have marked the history of the competition. Flamengo leads the title count with 39, followed by Fluminense (33), Vasco da Gama (24), Botafogo (21), America (7), Bangu (2), São Cristóvão and Paissandu (1 each).
Sharafat Ali Khan
Ustad Sharafat Ali Khan (1955 – 30 November 2009) was a Pakistani classical singer. He used to sing in various Hindustani classical genres such as thumri, kafi, khayal and ghazal throughout his career.

The recipient of Pride of Performance Award by the Government of Pakistan, Saraswati Samman Award conferred by the government of India, he was also awarded Tamgha-e-Hunar award by Afghanistan.

Salamat Ali Khan
Ustad Salamat Ali Khan (12 December 1932 – 11 July 2001) was a Pakistani vocalist and touring artist known for his contribution to the Hindustani classical music.

Widely regarded as one of the greatest classical singers of the Indian subcontinent, he was active in the music industry, particularly in classical music after the partition of the Indian subcontinent; however, he earned his recognition before he migrated to Pakistan. In 1969, he appeared in Edinburgh Festival, earning him international recognition. He visited several countries, including India after partition, where he participated in music concerts and the All India Music Conference in Calcutta. During unstable India–Pakistan relations, he visited India along with his brother Nazakat Ali Khan around 1953, where his music concert was also attended by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India.
Suzuki Alto
The Suzuki Alto (Japanese: スズキ・アルト, Hepburn: Suzuki Aruto) is a kei car produced by Suzuki since 1979. The model, currently in its ninth generation, was first introduced in 1979 and has been built in many countries worldwide. The Alto originated as a commercial vehicle derivative of the Fronte, but over time the Alto nameplate gained in popularity and by 1988 it replaced the Fronte name completely. The Alto badge has often been used on different cars in Japan and in export markets, where it is considered a city car.

Suzuki Wagon R
The Suzuki Wagon R (Japanese: スズキ・ワゴンR, Suzuki Wagon'āru) is a kei car manufactured and marketed by Suzuki since 1993. The R in the name stands for Revolution and Relaxation. The Wagon R uses a "tall wagon" configuration  to maximize cabin space within kei car dimensional restrictions. The Wagon R is also sold by Mazda as the AZ-Wagon from 1994 to 2012 and as the Flair from 2012.

The Wagon R has been the best-selling kei car in Japan since 2003. In 2008, Suzuki produced its three-millionth Wagon R. Sales reached 5 million at the end of February 2010.
Cronulla
Cronulla is a suburb of Sydney, Australia. Boasting numerous surf beaches and swimming spots, the suburb attracts both tourists and Greater Sydney residents. Cronulla is 26 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire.

Cronulla is on a peninsula framed by Botany Bay to the north, Bate Bay to the east, Port Hacking to the south, and Gunnamatta Bay to the west. The neighbouring suburb of Woolooware lies to the west of Cronulla, and Burraneer lies to the southwest. The Kurnell peninsula, the site of the first landfall on the eastern coastline made by Captain James Cook in 1770, is reached by driving northeast out of Cronulla on Captain Cook Drive.

Cronulla sand dunes
The Cronulla sand dunes, also known officially as the Cronulla Sand Dune and Wanda Beach Coastal Landscape, are an open space, heritage-listed nature conservation, and visitor attraction located south of Sydney on the Kurnell Peninsula at Lindum Road, Kurnell, New South Wales. Formerly, it was a site for sand mining, film making, and had use as pastoral property. It is also known as part of Kurnell Peninsula Headland and Cronulla Sand Hill. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 26 September 2003.
Nocardia
Nocardia is a genus of weakly staining Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It forms partially acid-fast beaded branching filaments (appearing similar to fungi, but being truly bacteria). It contains a total of 85 species. Some species are nonpathogenic, while others are responsible for nocardiosis. Nocardia species are found worldwide in soil rich in organic matter. In addition, they are oral microflora found in healthy human gingiva, as well as periodontal pockets. Most Nocardia infections are acquired by inhalation of the bacteria or through traumatic introduction through openings in epithelial barriers.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
Dylon Hoffpauir
Dylon Joel Hoffpauir (born January 21, 1992) is an American dancer, choreographer, coach, and internet personality. He was one of the first male NFL cheerleaders as a member of the Saints Cheer Krewe for the New Orleans Saints from 2019 to 2025. He served as a captain of the team starting in 2022. Hoffpauir served as the head cheerleading and dance coach at Loyola University New Orleans.

Jesse Hernandez (cheerleader)
Jesse Hernandez is an American dancer, coach, and former professional cheerleader. He is considered one of the first male National Football League (NFL) cheerleaders, along with Napoleon Jinnies and Quinton Peron. He cheered for the New Orleans Saints as a member of the Saints Cheer Krewe from 2018 until 2021. He serves as the head coach of the Penn State University Lionettes Dance Team.
Wheego Whip
The Wheego Whip was an electric city car produced by American automobile manufacturer Wheego Technologies. It was a low-speed vehicle with a top speed of 25 mph (40 km/h) or as a medium-speed vehicle with a maximum speed of 35 mph (56 km/h), depending on local state regulations. The Whip was based on the bodyshell of the Shuanghuan Noble produced in China, where it was sold as the Shuanghuan E-Noble. The Whip and a highway-capable version, the Wheego LiFe, were produced from 2011 to 2013, with a total of approximately 300 units being completed when production ceased.

Wheego Technologies
Autonomous Fusion (formerly Wheego Technologies) is an American autonomous vehicle company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The company develops vehicle technologies including software, systems, tools for autonomous vehicles and self-driving cars, artificial intelligence/machine learning, and IoT connected devices for the home, business and roadway. The company is led by CEO Mike McQuary.

Autonomous Fusion began as electric car company Wheego Electric Cars in June 2009 as a spin-out from Rough and Tuff Electric Vehicles (RTEV), a manufacturer of battery-powered recreational electric vehicles, producing two models: the Wheego Whip and Wheego LiFe. In 2015, Wheego turned to mainly developing tools and systems for autonomous vehicles. In 2016, the company name was changed to Wheego Technologies. In 2018, the name was changed to Autonomous Fusion.  The company has offices in Atlanta, Georgia, and Sonoma, California.