hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans
Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans (Ferdinand Philippe Louis Charles Henri Joseph; 3 September 1810 – 13 July 1842) was the eldest son of King Louis Philippe I of France and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily. He was born in exile in his mother's native Sicily while his parents were the Duke and Duchess of Orléans. Ferdinand Philippe was heir to the House of Orléans from birth. Following his father's succession as King of the French in 1830, he became the Prince Royal of France and Duke of Orléans. He died in 1842, never to succeed his father or see the collapse of the July Monarchy and subsequent exile of his family to the United Kingdom.

Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours
Prince Louis of Orléans, Duke of Nemours (Louis Charles Philippe Raphaël d'Orléans; 25 October 1814 – 26 June 1896) was the second son of King Louis-Philippe I of France and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily.
Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. In 1894, the grant of the decoration was extended to commissioned officers of Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire. A separate new decoration was instituted, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, post-nominal letters VD.

Awarding of this decoration was discontinued in 1899, when it was superseded by the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration and later, in respect of India, by the Indian Volunteer Forces Officers' Decoration.
The Bush Brother
The Bush Brother was a quarterly English-language journal produced by the religious order of the Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd based in Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. The focus of the publication was mainly religion and missionary work with issues often containing photographs of rural and remote areas of Australian and its people.

Bush Brotherhood
The Bush Brotherhood was a group of Anglican religious orders providing itinerant priests to minister to sparsely settled rural districts in Australia. They were described as a "band of men" who could "preach like Apostles" and "ride like cowboys".

The Bush Brotherhood had largely declined by the 1960s due to lack of recruitment. One group, The Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd, continues to operate in rural New South Wales.
Kevin Valentine
Kevin Valentine is an American rock drummer who is best known for being a member of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers. Valentine played drums on all of the band's early albums during the 1980s.
Valentine has recorded as a member of Breathless, The Innocent, Godz, Rosie, Shadow King, The Lou Gramm Band and Neverland.
He also performed (on a session basis) on the Kiss albums Hot In The Shade, Revenge and  Psycho Circus, playing on all tracks but one on Psycho Circus. The one track he did not play was "Into the Void", performed by Peter Criss. On Revenge, he played on one song, "Take It Off" and played on "You Love Me to Hate You" and "King Of Hearts" on Hot in the Shade. He was also a touring member of Cinderella. Valentine is also a sound mixer for many prominent TV shows, such as The Good Wife, Legion, Better Call Saul,  El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie, Ozark, and The Nevers.

Psycho Circus
Psycho Circus is the eighteenth studio album by American rock band Kiss and the first and only album to involve all four original members since 1979's Dynasty. While touted as a band effort, the album was recorded using largely session players and Kiss associates. Peter Criss only played drums on the Ace Frehley-penned track, "Into the Void", and guitarist Frehley only played on two regular album tracks, the one he wrote plus "You Wanted the Best". He also played on a bonus track called "In Your Face", penned by Simmons. All four band members, however, sang lead vocals on the album.
Cave of Aurignac
The Cave of Aurignac is an archaeological site in the commune of Aurignac, Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. Sediment excavation and artefact documentation since 1860 confirm the idea of the arrival and permanent presence of European early modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic. The eponymous location represents the type site of the Aurignacian, the earliest known culture attributed to modern humans in western Eurasia. Assemblages of Aurignacian tool making tradition can be found in the cultural sediments of numerous sites from around 45,000 years BP to around 26,000 years BP. In recognition of its significance for various scientific fields and the 19th-century pioneering work of Édouard Lartet the Cave of Aurignac was officially declared a national Historic Monument of France by order of May 26, 1921.

Aurignac
Aurignac (French pronunciation: [oʁiɲak]; Occitan: Aurinhac) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France, close to the Pyrénées. It was the seat of the former canton of Aurignac (population 4,160), which was composed of 19 communes. It is part of the ancient region known as the Comminges.
Tabasaran people
Tabasarans are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native predominantly to southern part of the North Caucasian republic of Dagestan. Their population in Russia is about 150,000. They speak the Tabasaran language. They are mainly Sunni Muslims.

Tabasaran language
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in the southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of the official languages of Dagestan.

Tabasaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the subject in number, person and (in North Tabasaran) class. North Tabasaran has two noun classes (that is, grammatical gender), whereas Southern Tabasaran lacks noun classes / gender.
Former Ladies of the Supremes
Former Ladies of the Supremes, or FLOS, is a female vocal group that was originally formed in 1986 by former Supremes members Jean Terrell, Cindy Birdsong and Scherrie Payne. It has also included former members Lynda Laurence and Susaye Greene. Though they were not Supremes members, singers Sundray Tucker, Freddi Poole and Joyce Vincent have also sung with the group following the departure of Terrell.

Lynda Laurence
Lynda Laurence (also spelled Lawrence, born Lynda Tucker; February 20, 1949) is an American singer. The youngest daughter of Louise and Ira Tucker, a gospel songwriter, producer, and singer, Laurence's siblings are Sundray Tucker and Ira Tucker Jr.

Laurence is best known for being a part of two Motown acts: Stevie Wonder's backup group The Third Generation, and a member of the Supremes from April 1972 through October 1973, performing alongside lead singer Jean Terrell and founding member Mary Wilson, replacing Cindy Birdsong after her departure from the group.
Ollie Halsall
Peter John "Ollie" Halsall (14 March 1949 – 29 May 1992) was an English guitarist, songwriter, and singer, best known for his role in the Rutles, the bands Patto, Timebox, and Boxer, and for his contribution to the music of Kevin Ayers. He is also notable as one of the few players of the vibraphone in rock music. He was known by his childhood nickname "Olly" or "Ollie" which was simply a corruption of his surname. The Ollie Halsall Archive was established in 1998, with the aim of documenting and promoting his work.

Kevin Ayers
Kevin Ayers (16 August 1944 – 18 February 2013) was an English singer-songwriter who was active in the English psychedelic music movement. Ayers was a founding member of the psychedelic band Soft Machine in the mid-1960s, and was closely associated with the Canterbury scene. He recorded a series of albums as a solo artist and over the years worked with Brian Eno, Syd Barrett, Bridget St John, John Cale, Elton John, Robert Wyatt, Andy Summers, Mike Oldfield, Nico and Ollie Halsall, among others. After living for many years in Deià, Mallorca, he returned to the United Kingdom in the mid-1990s before moving to the south of France. His last album, The Unfairground, was released in 2007. The British rock journalist Nick Kent wrote: "Kevin Ayers and Syd Barrett were the two most important people in British pop music. Everything that came after came from them."
I Married a Witch
I Married A Witch is a 1942 American romantic screwball comedy fantasy film directed by René Clair and written by Robert Pirosh and Marc Connelly. The film stars Veronica Lake as the titular witch whose plan for revenge goes comically awry, with Fredric March as her foil. The film also features Robert Benchley, Susan Hayward and Cecil Kellaway.  The screenplay by Robert Pirosh and Marc Connelly and uncredited other writers, including Dalton Trumbo, is based on the 1941 novel The Passionate Witch by Thorne Smith, who died before he could finish it; it was completed by Norman H. Matson.

Thorne Smith
James Thorne Smith, Jr. (March 27, 1892 – June 20, 1934) was an American writer of humorous supernatural fantasy fiction under the byline Thorne Smith. He is best known today for the two Topper novels, comic fantasy fiction involving sex, frequent drinking and ghosts. With racy illustrations, these sold millions of copies in the 1930s and were equally popular in paperbacks of the 1950s.
Manjunath (film)
Manjunath is an Indian drama film written and directed by Sandeep A. Varma based on the true story of Manjunath Shanmugam, the Indian Institute of Management Lucknow graduate who was killed in Lakhimpur, U.P., in November 2005, for his stand against corruption and fuel adulteration.

Shanmugam Manjunath
Shanmugam Manjunath (23 February 1978 – 19 November 2005) was a sales officer (grade A officer) for the Indian Oil Corporation who was murdered for sealing a corrupt petrol station in Lakhimpur Kheri, Uttar Pradesh. This incident inspired several students at IIM, IIT and other institutes culminating with the IIM students setting up "The Manjunath Shanmugam Trust".
The Bald Soprano
La Cantatrice chauve  – translated from French as The Bald Soprano or The Bald Prima Donna – is the first play written by Romanian-French playwright Eugène Ionesco.

Nicolas Bataille directed the premiere on 11 May 1950 at the Théâtre des Noctambules, Paris. Since 1957, it has been in permanent showing at the Théâtre de la Huchette, which received a Molière d'honneur for its performances. It holds the world record for the play that has been staged continuously in the same theatre for the longest time. Although it went unnoticed at first, the play was eventually championed by a few established writers and critics and, in the end, won critical acclaim. By the 1960s, The Bald Soprano had already been recognized as a modern classic and an important seminal work in the Theatre of the Absurd. With a record number of interpretations, it has become one of the most performed plays in France.

Theatre of the absurd
The theatre of the absurd (French: théâtre de l'absurde [teɑtʁ(ə) də lapsyʁd]) is a post–World War II designation for particular plays of absurdist fiction written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s. It is also a term for the style of theatre the plays represent. The plays focus largely on ideas of existentialism and express what happens when human existence lacks meaning or purpose and communication breaks down. The structure of the plays is typically a round shape, with the finishing point the same as the starting point. Logical construction and argument give way to irrational and illogical speech and to the ultimate conclusion—silence.
Nils Trygg
Nils Trygg (1914–1951) was one of the recognized masters of twentieth century woodcarving, most famous for the Scandinavian flat-plane style of woodcarving.  Nils Trygg was born in Småland, Sweden. He was one of three sons of Carl Johan Trygg and Maria Axelina Andersson. Nils worked with his father carving wooden figures of various common people in the Scandinavian flat-plane style of woodcarving.  Between Nils Trygg, his father and two brothers (Lars, and Carl Olaf), they carved over 10,000 figures. Many of his carvings were sold to tourists for approximately US$10. Adjusted for inflation what cost $10 in 1929 would cost $108 in 2005.

Carl Johan Trygg
Carl Johan Trygg (1887–1954), formally Carl Johan Thrygg, also knowns as C. J. Trygg, also kwas a woodcarver and one of the recognized masters of twentieth century woodcarving, most famous for Scandinavian flat-plane style of woodcarving. Between C. J. Trygg and his sons they carved over 10,000 figures.  Many of his carvings were sold to tourists for approximately US$10.00.  Adjusted for inflation what cost $10.00 in 1929 would cost $108.05 in 2005.
Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
The Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokratų partija, LSDP) is a centre-left and social democratic political party in Lithuania. Founded as an underground Marxist organisation in 1896, it is the oldest extant party in Lithuania. During the Soviet occupation, the party ceased to exist. The party reemerged after the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of communist rule in 1989.

The party led a government in the unicameral Seimas, Lithuania's parliament from 2001 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2016. It has been the ruling party of Lithuania since 2024. The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), Progressive Alliance, and Socialist International.

Lithuanian Regions Party
The Lithuanian Regions Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos regionų partija, LRP), also translated as the Lithuanian Party of Regions, is a political party in Lithuania. It was founded in 2018 as the Social Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokratų darbo partija, LSDDP) following a split of members from Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (LSDP; also joined by former members of the Labour Party) after the LSDP's decision to exit a coalition government with the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union in 2017.
Prüfer sequence
In combinatorial mathematics, the Prüfer sequence (also Prüfer code or Prüfer numbers) of a labeled tree is a unique sequence associated with the tree.  The sequence for a tree on n vertices has length n − 2, and can be generated by a simple iterative algorithm.  Prüfer sequences were first used by Heinz Prüfer to prove Cayley's formula in 1918.

Cayley's formula
In mathematics, Cayley's formula is a result in graph theory named after Arthur Cayley.  It states that for every positive integer , the number of trees on  labeled vertices is .

The formula equivalently counts the spanning trees of a complete graph with labeled vertices (sequence A000272 in the OEIS).
Julio Frenk
Julio José Frenk Mora (born December 20, 1953) is a Mexican and American public health scholar and sociologist, currently serving as the 7th chancellor of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) since January 1, 2025.

Frenk graduated from the University of Michigan in 1983 with a Master of Public Health, a Master of Arts in sociology, and a joint PhD in medical care organization and sociology. After that, he became a public servant at the Ministry of Health of Mexico and served as the 17th Secretary of Health of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. He served as the 8th dean of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health from 2009 to 2015 and as the 6th president of the University of Miami in Florida from 2015 to 2024.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school at Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. It was named after Hong Kong entrepreneur Chan Tseng-hsi in 2014 following a US$350 million donation, the largest in Harvard's history at the time.

The school grew out of the Harvard–MIT School for Health Officers, the country's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.
Enta da Stage
Enta da Stage is the debut album by American East Coast hip-hop group Black Moon, released on October 19, 1993, through Nervous Records. The album was produced by Black Moon member DJ Evil Dee, along with Mr. Walt of Da Beatminerz. Enta da Stage features the debut of underground hip-hop duo Smif-N-Wessun, as well as appearances from Havoc of Mobb Deep and Dru Ha, the co-founder of Duck Down Records.

Despite being critically acclaimed and having two singles that charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ("Who Got da Props" and "I Got Cha Opin"), the album sold poorly. Enta da Stage served as a precursor to the resurgence of the New York hip-hop scene in the mid-1990s. The album was executive produced by Dru Ha and Mike Weiss.

East Coast hip-hop
East Coast hip-hop is a regional subgenre of hip-hop music that originated in New York City during the 1970s. Hip-hop is recognized to have originated and evolved first in the Bronx borough of New York City.

In contrast to other styles, East Coast hip-hop music prioritizes complex lyrics for attentive listening rather than beats for dancing. The term "East Coast hip-hop" more specifically denotes hip-hop originating from the Northeastern United States. Southeastern states such as Georgia or Florida instead produce Southern hip-hop rather than East Coast hip-hop, although the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Maryland produce East Coast hip-hop.
Bolton Rifles
The Bolton Rifles, later the 5th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, was a volunteer unit of the British Army from 1859 until 1967. It served on the Western Front during the First World War, and in the Far East during the Second World War, when one battalion was captured at the Fall of Singapore.

Preston Rifles
The Preston Rifles, later the 4th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, was a volunteer unit of the British Army from 1859 until the 1950s. It served as infantry on the Western Front and in Ireland during the First World War, and as an air defence unit during The Blitz and the campaign in North West Europe during the Second World War.
Jeff Rosenstock
Jeffrey Ernest Rosenstock (born September 7, 1982) is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter from Long Island, New York. He is known for his former bands Bomb the Music Industry! and The Arrogant Sons of Bitches, as well as for his work as a solo artist and as a composer for Craig of the Creek. He is the founder of Quote Unquote Records, the first donation-based record label.

The Arrogant Sons of Bitches
The Arrogant Sons of Bitches (commonly abbreviated as ASOB) was a 6-piece ska punk band from Long Island and Baldwin, New York. The band was known for its strong DIY punk roots, self-releasing two albums and two EPs. Their final album, Three Cheers For Disappointment, was released on Kill Normal Records.

Frontman Jeff Rosenstock went on to found Quote Unquote Records, a donation-based record label, as well as the band Bomb the Music Industry!  Other members went on to join Jay Tea, Hello Nurse, Let Me Crazy, and The Rocky Sullivans.
Koniag, Incorporated
Koniag is one of 13 Alaska Native regional Corporations. These were created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) in settlement of aboriginal land claims. Koniag was incorporated in Alaska on June 23, 1972.  Headquartered in Kodiak, Alaska, with additional offices in Anchorage, Koniag is a for-profit corporation with about 4,300 Alaska Native shareholders primarily of Alutiiq descent.

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 18, 1971, constituting what is still the largest land claims settlement in United States history. ANCSA was intended to resolve long-standing issues surrounding aboriginal land claims in Alaska, as well as to stimulate economic development throughout Alaska.

The settlement established Alaska Native claims to the land by transferring titles to twelve Alaska Native regional corporations and over 200 local village corporations. A thirteenth regional corporation was later created for Alaska Natives who no longer resided in Alaska. The act is codified in chapter 33 of title 43 of the US Code.
2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B (officially the Brasileirão Série B Betnacional 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was a football competition held in Brazil, equivalent to the second division. The competition began on 19 April and ended on 24 November.

Twenty teams competed in the tournament, twelve returning from the 2023 season, four promoted from the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C (Amazonas, Brusque, Operário Ferroviário and Paysandu), and four relegated from the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (América Mineiro, Coritiba, Goiás and Santos). This was the first Série B played by Santos in their history.

The top four teams were promoted to the 2025 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Santos became the first club to be promoted on 11 November 2024 after a 0–2 win against Coritiba. Ceará, Mirassol and Sport were promoted on 24 November 2024.

Brusque, Guarani, Ituano and Ponte Preta were relegated to the 2025 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.

2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C
The 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C was a football competition held in Brazil, equivalent to the third division. It began on 2 May and ended on 22 October 2023.

Twenty teams competed in the tournament, twelve returning from the 2022 season, four promoted from the 2022 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D (Amazonas, América de Natal, Pouso Alegre and São Bernardo) and four relegated from the 2022 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B (Brusque, CSA, Náutico and Operário Ferroviário).

Amazonas, Brusque, Operário Ferroviário and Paysandu were promoted to the 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, while Altos, América de Natal, Manaus, and Pouso Alegre were relegated to the 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D.

In the finals, Amazonas won their first title after defeating Brusque 2–1 on aggregate.
The Jericho Mile
The Jericho Mile is a 1979 American made for TV crime sports film directed by Michael Mann. The film won five awards, including three Emmy Awards. The story is set at Folsom State Prison, and the film was shot on location there amongst the prison population.

Folsom State Prison
Folsom California State Prison is a California State Prison in Folsom, California, United States, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the state capital of Sacramento. It is one of 34 adult institutions operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.

Opened in 1880, Folsom is the state's second-oldest prison, after San Quentin, and the first in the United States to have electricity. Folsom was also one of the first maximum security prisons. It has been the execution site of 93 condemned prisoners.

Musician Johnny Cash put on two live performances at the prison on January 13, 1968. These were recorded and released as a live album titled At Folsom Prison. He had written and recorded the song "Folsom Prison Blues" more than a decade earlier.