hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Congressional Quarterly
Congressional Quarterly, or CQ, is an American publication that is part of the privately owned publishing company CQ Roll Call, which covers the United States Congress. CQ was formerly acquired by the U.K.-based  Economist Group and combined with Roll Call to form CQ Roll Call in 2009.

Roll Call
Roll Call is a newspaper and website published in Washington, D.C., United States, when the United States Congress is in session, reporting news of legislative and political maneuverings on Capitol Hill, as well as political coverage of congressional elections across the country.

Roll Call is the flagship publication of CQ Roll Call, which also operates: CQ (formerly Congressional Quarterly), publisher of a subscriber-based service for daily and weekly news about Congress and politics, as well as a weekly magazine. Roll Call's regular columnists are Walter Shapiro, Mary C. Curtis, Patricia Murphy, and Stuart Rothenberg.
Pennyweight
A pennyweight (dwt) is a unit of mass equal to 24 grains, 1⁄20 of a troy ounce, 1⁄240 of a troy pound, 
48⁄875 avoirdupois ounce and exactly 1.55517384 grams. It is abbreviated dwt, d standing for denarius –  (an ancient Roman coin), and later used as the symbol of an old British penny (see £sd).

Troy weight
Troy weight is a system of units of mass whose origin is uncertain. By far the most common troy unit is the troy ounce (oz t), the standard mass unit for precious metals in industry and in trade; it equals 31.1034768 grams. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the avoirdupois and apothecaries' systems, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound.
Locally finite collection
A collection of subsets of a topological space  is said to be locally finite if each point in the space has a neighbourhood that intersects only finitely many of the sets in the collection.

In the mathematical field of topology, local finiteness is a property of collections of subsets of a topological space.  It is fundamental in the study of paracompactness and topological dimension.

Note that the term locally finite has different meanings in other mathematical fields.

Family of sets
In set theory and related branches of mathematics, family or collection is used to mean set, indexed set, multiset, tuple, or class. It is usually used in phrases like "family of sets" because if one instead uses "set of sets" then the subsequent use of "set" can be confusing as to whether it is the containing set or one of the member sets. A common use is "family of subsets of some set S". A family of sets is also called a set family or a set system. A finite family of subsets of a finite set  is also called a hypergraph. The subject of extremal set theory concerns the largest and smallest examples of families of sets satisfying certain restrictions.
Nika Gvaramia
Nika Gvaramia (Georgian: ნიკა გვარამია; born June 29, 1976) is a Georgian lawyer, media entrepreneur, public figure, who had held posts of Minister of Justice and Minister of Education and Science. He was the Director General of Rustavi 2 and Mtavari Arkhi and he was founder of Mtavari Arkhi, an opposition television network. On March 11, he co-founded the political party Ahali (which translates to "new" in Georgian) and alliance Coalition for Change alongside other opposition figure Nika Melia. In the 2024 Georgian parliamentary election, the alliance finished on 2nd place, becoming the leading opposition grouping.

In June 2025, Gvaramia was jailed for refusing to follow a summons to an investigative commission.

Nika Melia
Nikanor "Nika" Melia (Georgian: ნიკანორ „ნიკა“ მელია; born 21 December 1979) is a Georgian politician, former chairman of the United National Movement party and former member of Parliament of Georgia. He was a member of the parliament of Georgia from United National Movement from 2016 to 2019 and from 2020 to 2021. He holds a master's degree in International Relations from Oxford Brookes University.
Walt Disney World Monorail System
The Walt Disney World Monorail System is a monorail serving Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando. Operated by Disney Transport as part of the resort's public transportation system, it runs 12 Mark VI monorail trains across three lines of service.

First introduced in 1971, the system was Disney's second, following the Disneyland Monorail in California. It initially featured Mark IV trains running two services around the Magic Kingdom area: Resort and Express. In 1982, the system expanded to three services with an extension to Epcot, and by 1989, the fleet was upgraded to Mark VI trains.

As of 2016, the Walt Disney World Monorail was the third busiest monorail system globally, carrying over 150,000 passengers daily. It is surpassed by the Chongqing Rail Transit monorail system in China, where Line 2 and Line 3 combined accommodate more than 900,000 daily passengers, and the Tokyo Monorail line in Japan, which serves over 300,000 daily riders.

Disneyland Monorail
The Disneyland Monorail (originally named the Disneyland Alweg Monorail System) is an attraction and transportation line at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, United States. It was the first daily operating monorail in the country.
Whore of Babylon
Babylon the Great, commonly known as the Whore of Babylon, refers to both a symbolic female figure and a place of malevolence as mentioned in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament. Her full title is stated in Revelation 17:5 as "Mystery, Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth" (Greek: μυστήριον, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ μήτηρ τῶν πορνῶν καὶ τῶν βδελυγμάτων τῆς γῆς, romanized: mystḗrion, Babylṑn hē megálē, hē mḗtēr tôn pornôn kaì tôn bdelygmátōn tês gês).

She is further identified as a representation of "that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth" in Revelation 17:18.

Revelation 17
Revelation 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse to John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, but the identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. This chapter describes the judgment of the Whore of Babylon ("Babylon the Harlot").
Aixirivall
Aixirivall (Catalan pronunciation: [ajʃiɾiˈβaʎ]) is a village in the parish of Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra. First mentioned in 1176, the village is host to the Romanesque church Església de Sant Pere d'Aixirivall and an ethnology collection with over 1,000 objects. Beautification campaigns in the 2020s resulted in the roads being paved and roads leading to the village being stabilized.

Sant Julià de Lòria
Sant Julià de Lòria (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɲ dʒuliˈa ðe ˈlɔɾia]) is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. Located in the south of the country, it is spread around the town of the same name along the banks of the Gran Valira River. Spread around an area of 60 km2 (23 sq mi), the region incorporates 11 villages. It is bordered by the capital Andorra la Vella in the north, Escaldes-Engordany in the northeast and the Spanish region of Catalonia along the other sides. With an estimated population of 9,915 individuals in 2023, it is one of the least populated amongst the parishes of Andorra.
Arkansas Highway 37
Arkansas Highway 37 (AR 37) is a designation for three state highways in Arkansas. One segment of 20.9 miles (33.6 km) runs from Highway 17 north of McCrory north to Highway 14 in Amagon. A second segment of 31.9 miles (51.3 km) runs from Highway 14 east of Amagon north to Highway 122 at Cord. A third segment of 0.61 miles (0.98 km) runs from U.S. Route 62 (US 62) in Gateway north to the Missouri state line.

Arkansas Highway 14
Arkansas Highway 14 (AR 14) is a designation for two state highways in the U.S. state of Arkansas. One segment of 208.12 miles (334.94 km) begins east of Table Rock Lake and runs east to Interstate 555 (I-555) at Payneway. A second segment of 19.23 miles (30.95 km) runs from Highway 140 in Lepanto east to Mississippi CR S449 at Golden Lake. Segments of the highway are part of two Arkansas Scenic Byways: Sylamore Scenic Byway in the Ozark National Forest and the Crowley's Ridge Parkway atop Crowley's Ridge.

The highway's general alignment between the western terminus and Marked Tree closely follows the original routing as established in the initial 1926 Arkansas state highway numbering plan. The route from Lepanto east across I-55 to Golden Lake is a later extension.
San Francisquito Creek (Santa Clara River tributary)
San Francisquito Creek, in Los Angeles County, is a tributary stream of the Santa Clara River.  It drains the south facing slopes of the Sierra Pelona Mountains of the San Gabriel Mountains within the Transverse Range of California, United States.

The closest populated place to the creek is Green Valley that lies along the upper course of the creek, in the upper part of San Francisquito Canyon, southeast of the source of the Creek at San Francisquito Pass. At its mouth and confluence with the Santa Clara River is Santa Clarita.

Santa Clara River (California)
The Santa Clara River (Spanish: Río Santa Clara) is an 83 mi (134 km) long river in Ventura and  Los Angeles counties in Southern California. It drains parts of four ranges in the Transverse Ranges System north and northwest of Los Angeles, then flows west onto the Oxnard Plain and into the Santa Barbara Channel of the Pacific Ocean.

The watershed has provided habitat for a wide array of native plants and animals and has historically supplied humans with water, fish, and fertile farmland. The northern portion of the watershed was home to the Tataviam people while the southern portion was occupied by the Chumash people. Much of the Santa Clara River Valley is used for agriculture which has limited the use of structural levees to separate the natural floodplain from the river. Although it is one of the least altered rivers in Southern California, some levees exist where the river flows through areas of significant urban development.
Y-Δ transform
In circuit design, the Y-Δ transform, also written wye-delta and also known by many other names, is a mathematical technique to simplify the analysis of an electrical network. The name derives from the shapes of the circuit diagrams, which look respectively like the letter Y and the Greek capital letter Δ. This circuit transformation theory was published by Arthur Edwin Kennelly in 1899. It is widely used in analysis of three-phase electric power circuits.

The Y-Δ transform can be considered a special case of the star-mesh transform for three resistors.  In mathematics, the Y-Δ transform plays an important role in theory of circular planar graphs.

Star-mesh transform
The star-mesh transform, or star-polygon transform, is a mathematical circuit analysis technique to transform a resistive network into an equivalent network with one less node. The equivalence follows from the Schur complement identity applied to the Kirchhoff matrix of the network.

The equivalent impedance betweens nodes A and B is given by:

where  is the impedance between node A and the central node being removed.

The transform replaces N resistors with  resistors. For , the result is an increase in the number of resistors, so the transform has no general inverse without additional constraints.

It is possible, though not necessarily efficient, to transform an arbitrarily complex two-terminal resistive network into a single equivalent resistor by repeatedly applying the star-mesh transform to eliminate each non-terminal node.
Duke of Richmond and Lennox
The Dukedoms of Richmond (in the peerage of England) and of Lennox (in the peerage of Scotland) have usually been held by the same person since 1623.  In 1675, King Charles II created his illegitimate son Charles Lennox Duke of Richmond (created on 9 August 1675) and Duke of Lennox (created on 9 September 1675), and the two Dukedoms have since been held concurrently by Lennox's descendants. Since 1734 he has also held the Dukedom of Aubigny (in the peerage of France).  Since 1876 he has also held the Dukedom of Gordon (in the peerage of the United Kingdom).

Duke of Lennox
The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the peerage of Scotland, for Clan Stewart of Darnley. The dukedom, named for the district of Lennox in Dumbarton, was first created in 1581, and had formerly been the Earldom of Lennox. The second duke was made Duke of Richmond; at his death, the dukedom of Richmond became extinct. The fourth duke was also created Duke of Richmond; at the death of the sixth duke, both dukedoms became extinct. The Dukedom of Richmond and one month later that of Lennox were created in 1675 for Charles Lennox, an illegitimate son of Charles II. The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon in 1876. Thus, the duke holds four dukedoms (if including Aubigny), more than any other person in the realm; or (not counting the putative French title) three, equal since 2022 to Prince William, Duke of Cornwall, of Rothesay and of Cambridge.
Harun ur Rashid
Harun ur Rashid (Bengali: হারুন অর রশিদ; commonly known as DB Harun) is a former police officer who served as the chief of the DMP detective branch of Bangladesh police. On 13 August 2024, he was named as one of the 7 accused in the illegal shooting and killing of various students across Dhaka during the Bangladesh Quota Reform Movement along with former prime minister Sheikh Hasina, former minister Obaidul Quader, former minister Asaduzaman Khan Kamal and police officer Biplob Kumar Sarker.

Biplob Kumar Sarker
Biplob Kumar Sarker  (Bengali: বিপ্লব কুমার সরকার; born 16 June 1972) is a former Bangladeshi controversial police officer who served as the joint commissioner of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police. Earlier he served as Additional Deputy Inspector General of Bangladesh Police Dhaka Range.
Dolores Vargas París
Dolores Vargas París (née María Magdalena Dolores Vargas de París y Ricaurte; 1800 – 28 October 1878) was a Gran Colombia pro-independence activist and wife of General Rafael Urdaneta, first lady of the republic between 1830 and 1831.

Rafael Urdaneta
Rafael José Urdaneta y Farías (October 24, 1788 – August 23, 1845) was a Venezuelan general and hero of the Spanish American wars of independence. After overthrowing President Joaquín Mosquera in a 1830 military coup, he served as President of Gran Colombia from 1830 until 1831 when he was overthrown by José María Obando and José Hilario López. He was an ardent supporter of Simón Bolívar and one of his most trusted and loyal allies.
Australia (yacht)
Australia (KA–5) is an Australian 12 Metre racing yacht that twice challenged unsuccessfully for the America's Cup in 1977 and 1980. Designed by Ben Lexcen in association with Dutch designer Johan Valentijn for Alan Bond, Australia failed to win a single race against the 1977 defender, Courageous (US-26), but won one race against the 1980 defender, Freedom (US-30). Australia resides in Sydney, Australia.

1980 America's Cup
The 1980 America's Cup was held in September 1980 at Newport, Rhode Island. The US defender, Freedom, skippered by Dennis Conner, defeated the Australian challenger, Australia, skippered by James Hardy, four races to one. This was the last successful defense of the cup by the New York Yacht Club and the last defender designed by the naval architectural firm Sparkman & Stephens. It was the sixth unsuccessful challenge by Australia and the third by Alan Bond.

Freedom had beaten Courageous and Clipper to become the defender. Australia had beaten France III, Lionheart and Sverige to become the challenger.
No Hands on the Clock
No Hands on the Clock is a 1941 American comedy mystery film directed by Frank McDonald starring Chester Morris as detective Humphrey Campbell. The cast also included Jean Parker and Rose Hobart. It was produced by  Pine-Thomas Productions and released by Paramount Pictures.

Pine-Thomas Productions
Pine-Thomas Productions was a prolific B-picture unit of Paramount Pictures from 1940 to 1957, producing 81 films.  Co-producers William H. Pine (February 15, 1896 – April 29, 1955) and William C. Thomas (August 11, 1903 – April 2, 1984) were known as the "Dollar Bills" because none of their economically made films ever lost money. "We don't want to make million dollar pictures," they said. "We just want to make a million dollars."
Paul F. Markham
Paul Francis Markham (May 22, 1930 – July 13, 2019) was an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts from 1966 to 1969. He was one of two associates of Senator Edward M. Kennedy, in whom Kennedy confided most closely during the Chappaquiddick incident. Markham, along with Kennedy's cousin Joseph Gargan, participated in a futile attempt to rescue Mary Jo Kopechne from Kennedy's submerged car, and also wrote down Kennedy's dictated statement to the police about the accident.

Joseph Gargan
Joseph F. Gargan Jr. (February 16, 1930 – December 12, 2017), was an American lawyer and a nephew of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He was one of only two men, along with Paul Markham, in whom Ted Kennedy chose to confide immediately after the Chappaquiddick automobile accident which killed Mary Jo Kopechne. Orphaned at the age of sixteen, Gargan spent two consecutive summers with the Kennedys, and, being closer in age to Ted than the other Kennedy brothers were, developed a close relationship with his cousin Ted. Gargan was the campaign chairman for Robert F. Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign.

Gargan fell out of favor with the Kennedy family in 1988, with the publication of journalist Leo Damore's book, Senatorial Privilege: The Chappaquiddick Cover-Up, because Gargan revealed in interviews with Damore details not released in public testimony, such as how Ted Kennedy contemplated covering up his role in the incident by claiming Kopechne was driving his car.
Alexander Walker (1837–1889)
Sir Alexander Walker (10 February 1837 – 16 July 1889) was a Scottish industrialist who was the son of John ‘Johnnie’ Walker of the whisky brand. He inherited the company in 1857 and expanded its business, exporting whisky throughout the British Empire.

John Walker (grocer)
John Walker (born 1805, Kilmarnock – 1857) was a Scottish grocer, who originated what would become one of the world's most famous whisky brand names, Johnnie Walker, despite the fact he was himself a teetotaler.
John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater
John William Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater, FRS (14 April 1753 – 21 October 1823), known as John Egerton until 1803, was a British cavalry officer, and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1777 to 1803 when he succeeded to the peerage as Earl of Bridgewater. He was from the Egerton family.

Earl of Bridgewater
Earl of Bridgewater was a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England, once for the Daubeny family (1538) and once for the Egerton family (1617). From 1720 to 1803, the Earls of Bridgewater also held the title of Duke of Bridgewater. The 3rd Duke of Bridgewater is famously known as the "Canal Duke", for his creation of a series of canals in North West England.
Arboroasa
Arboroasa (roughly, "the woodland") was a society (Studentenverbindung) for Romanian students in the Austro-Hungarian city of Czernowitz (Cernăuți; now Chernivtsi, Ukraine), located in the Bukovina region of Cisleithania. Operating between 1875 and 1877 and attracting several dozen participants, its activities were both cultural and patriotic in nature; a central figure within the group was composer Ciprian Porumbescu. Arboroasa was shut down by the authorities and the leadership arrested after members sent two politically sensitive telegrams to the Romanian Old Kingdom. However, a year later, the organization was largely reconstituted as Societatea Academică Junimea.

Societatea Academică Junimea
Societatea Academică Junimea (Romanian for "Junimea Academic Society") was a society (Studentenverbindung) for Romanian students in the Austro-Hungarian city of Czernowitz, located in the Bukovina region of Cisleithania. The city was called Cernăuți after the region united with Romania in 1918, and today is Chernivtsi, Ukraine. The society operated between 1878 and 1938, spanning both the Austro-Hungarian and the Romanian periods.
John L. Miller Great Neck North High School
John L. Miller Great Neck North High School or simply "Great Neck North," is a public high school, including grades 9 through 12, in the village of Great Neck, New York, operated by the Great Neck School District.

As of the 2018–19 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,172 students and 105.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1. There were 198 students (16.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 20 (1.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

The school building was designed by the noted architectural firm of Guilbert and Betelle.

According to Newsweek magazine's 2015 list of "America's Best High Schools," Great Neck North High School was ranked 105th.
The school is on Polo Road, about a mile and a half from the LIRR Railroad station.

Great Neck Public Schools
Great Neck Public Schools is a public school district serving students residing in specific areas of Great Neck, North New Hyde Park, North Hills, and Manhasset Hills, New York. It is Union Free School District Number 7 in the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, United States.

About 6,846 students according to Niche rankings, grades K-12, attend the Great Neck Public Schools. On May 21, 2019, the voters of this district passed a budget of $234,418,944.

As of the 2015-16 school year, the district's ten schools had a total enrollment of 6,399 students and 585.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student-teacher ratio of 10.7.
Discount Superstores Group
DSG Holdings Australia Pty Ltd, trading as Discount Superstores Group was a discount variety retailer in Australia, formed in 2013 following the liquidation of former company Retail Adventures. It owned the Sam's Warehouse and Crazy Clark's brands, operating 143 stores. It is owned by Australian-New Zealand businesswoman Jan Cameron. It was announced on 1 July 2014 that the chain has entered receivership for the fourth time in 8 years.

Crazy Clark's
Crazy Clark's Discount Variety Store was an Australian company that operated over 150 discount variety stores in its chain, across Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory and Western Australia. The company also owned and operated a chain store called Go-Lo.
Gift of Screws
Gift of Screws is the fifth solo album by American musician and Fleetwood Mac vocalist/guitarist Lindsey Buckingham. It was released on September 15, 2008, less than two years after Buckingham's Under the Skin album. Gift of Screws peaked at number 48 on the Billboard 200 album chart in September 2008. It was Buckingham's last solo album to be released by Warner Records.

Under the Skin (Lindsey Buckingham album)
Under the Skin is the fourth solo album by American musician and Fleetwood Mac vocalist/guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, released on October 3, 2006. The album, long delayed by Fleetwood Mac's reunion tour in the 1990s and 2003 album Say You Will, was his first solo release in 14 years. Under the Skin peaked at number 80 on the Billboard 200 album chart in October 2006. In the United States, the album sold 13,000 copies during its first week of release, with 32 percent of those sales coming from purchases on the Internet. "Show You How" was also released as a single but failed to chart.