hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamzah Haz
Hamzah Haz (15 February 1940 – 24 July 2024) was an Indonesian politician who served as the ninth vice president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 under President Megawati Sukarnoputri. Prior to serving as vice president, Hamzah served as a cabinet minister and a member of the People's Representative Council (DPR). He also chaired the United Development Party (PPP) from 1998 to 2007, and was the party's presidential candidate in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election.

Megawati Sukarnoputri
Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (Indonesian: [meɡawati sukarnɔputri] ⓘ; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 and the eighth vice president under President Abdurrahman Wahid from 1999 to 2001. She is Indonesia's first and only female president to date.

Megawati Sukarnoputri became president in 2001 when Abdurrahman Wahid was impeached and removed from office. She ran for re-election in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. She ran again against Yudhoyono in the 2009 presidential election, and was defeated a second time. She is the first and current leader of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), one of Indonesia's largest political parties. She is the eldest daughter of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.
Tajada
Tajada "slices" is a dish of fried plantains that are sliced long. It is a typical food of Caribbean countries as well as Nicaragua, Colombia, Honduras, Panama, and Venezuela. It is sometimes served with grated cheese.

Tostones
Tostones (Spanish pronunciation: [tosˈtones], from the Spanish verb tostar, "to toast") are twice-fried plantain slices commonly found in Latin American cuisine and Caribbean cuisine.

Most commonly known as tostones in Puerto Rico, Mexico, Nicaragua, Cuba, Honduras, Venezuela, and the Dominican Republic, they are also known as tachinos or chatinos in Cuba, bannann peze in Haiti, patacones in Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Costa Rica and  Peru  and sometimes patacón pisao in Colombia.
Steinsfurt–Eppingen railway
The Steinsfurt–Eppingen railway, which opened in 1900, is a 12.9 km long, single-track and electrified branch line along the Elsenz river in the Kraichgau region of the German state of Baden-Württemberg, between the Sinsheim district of Steinsfurt and Eppingen, connecting the Elsenz Valley Railway and the Kraichgau Railway. Since 2006, the Baden-Württemberg Regional Transport Company (German: Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg) has marketed the line as the Kraichgau–Stromberg Railway (Kraichgau-Stromberg-Bahn, after two nearby regions). The line is part of line S5 of the Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn, opened between Heidelberg and Eppingen on 12 December 2009.

Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn
The Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn (S-Bahn RheinNeckar) forms the backbone of the urban rail transport network of the Rhine Neckar Area, including the cities of Mannheim, Heidelberg and Ludwigshafen.

The S-Bahn operates over 603 km (375 mi) of route in the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Württemberg, and in small sections in Saarland and Hesse. S-Bahn trains operate about 7.5 million kilometres per year, with 113 stations served by class 425 electric multiple units.
Wojtek (bear)
Wojtek (1942 – 2 December 1963; Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔjtɛk]; in English sometimes phonetically spelled Voytek) was a Syrian brown bear  who was given to Polish soldiers as a gift by an Iranian shepherd near Hamedan, Iran, during World War II and was adopted by soldiers of the 2nd Polish Corps, whom Wojtek accompanied to Italy, serving with the 22nd Artillery Supply Company.

In 1944, during the Battle of Monte Cassino, Wojtek imitated his human comrades, carrying  ammunition crates. He was promoted from private to corporal and became a celebrity with visiting Allied generals and statesmen. After the war he was mustered out of the Polish Army and lived out the rest of his life in Scotland at the Edinburgh Zoo.

"Wojtek" is a diminutive of the given name "Wojciech", an old Slavic name still common in Poland.

2nd Polish Corps (Polish Armed Forces in the West)
The 2nd Polish Corps (Polish: 2 Korpus Polski), 1943–1947, was a major tactical and operational unit of the Polish Armed Forces in the West during World War II. It was commanded by Lieutenant General Władysław Anders and fought with distinction in the Italian Campaign, in particular at the Battle of Monte Cassino. By the end of 1945, the corps had grown to well over 100,000 soldiers.
Rideau-Vanier Ward
Rideau-Vanier Ward is a ward in the city of Ottawa, designated as Ward 12 and represented on Ottawa City Council. It was originally created in 1994 as a Ward for the Regional Council of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton.

The ward covers the neighbourhoods of Lower Town, Sandy Hill and Vanier, and contains the University of Ottawa and the ByWard Market.

Prior to Ottawa's amalgamation in 2001, the ward covered the entire former city of Vanier as well as Ottawa's Bruyère-Strathcona Ward on regional council. Bruyère-Strathcona was created in 1994 from parts of By-Rideau Ward and St. George's Ward and was initially named Ward 5 until 1995 when it was given the Bruyère-Strathcona name.

By-St. George's Ward covered this area (not including Vanier, which was a separate city) from 1972 to 1980. By-St. George's was created from the merging of By Ward and St. George's Ward, and was abolished when it was split into St. George's Ward and By-Rideau Ward in 1980.

Lower Town
Lower Town (also spelled "Lowertown" (French: la Basse-Ville) is a neighbourhood in Rideau-Vanier Ward in central Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, to the east of downtown. It is the oldest neighbourhood of the city, with construction beginning in 1826. It includes the commercial Byward Market area in the south-western part, and is predominantly residential in the north and east.

It was historically French Canadian and Irish, and is to this day home to many Franco-Ontarian families, businesses and institutions.
Gur-e-Dokhtar
Gur-e Dokhtar (Persian: گور دختر) is an ancient tomb located in the province of Bushehr in Iran. This grave has great similarities to Cyrus II's tomb in Pasargad, but is smaller. The tomb dates to the 6th century BC. It is possibly the tomb of Cyrus the Great's grandfather, Cyrus I.

Tomb of Cyrus the Great
The tomb of Cyrus the Great is located in Pasargadae, which was the first capital city of his Achaemenid Empire and is now an archaeological site in the Fars Province of Iran.

The mausoleum is a significant historical example of earthquake engineering as it is said to be the oldest base-isolated structure in the world, allowing it great resilience against seismic hazards. It is one of the key Iranian UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as part of the archaeological site of Pasargadae.
Luxembourg annexation plans after the Second World War
Following World War II, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg formulated plans to annex parts of Germany. This was considered as a form of reparations in addition to monetary compensation and employment of workers.

Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II in 1945, Belgium planned to annex parts of the territory along the Belgian–German border. In addition to monetary compensations and the lending of labour forces, this was considered a way of reparations. In mid-April 1949, Belgium surprisingly waived any interest in most of the previously claimed areas.
Coast Guard Public Service Awards
The United States Coast Guard maintains several civilian Public Service Awards to recognize private citizens, groups, or organizations for helping the Coast Guard carry out its missions.  These awards are U.S. Government Awards issued by the Coast Guard, and like the Gold and Silver Lifesaving Medals, are not classified as military decorations, therefore, they may be awarded to any person.

Awards and decorations of the United States government
Awards and decorations of the United States government are civilian awards of the U.S. federal government which are typically issued for sustained meritorious service, in a civilian capacity, while serving in the U.S. federal government.  Certain U.S. government awards may also be issued to military personnel of the United States Armed Forces and be worn in conjunction with awards and decorations of the United States military. In order of precedence, those U.S. non-military awards and decorations authorized for wear are worn after U.S. military personal decorations and unit awards and before U.S. military campaign and service awards.

The following is a selection of civilian awards which are presently issued by the U.S. government.
Antonio Vélaz de Medrano, I Marquess of Tabuérniga
Antonio Vélaz de Medrano y Altamirano, I Marquess of Tabuérniga de Vélazar (1637 in Labastida – 3 August 1683 in Spa, Belgium) was a distinguished nobleman and aristocrat from the House of Medrano. A knight of the Order of Santiago, he rose to prominence as a military leader during the reigns of Philip IV and Charles II of Spain. The Marquess of Tabuérniga de Vélazar served as governor of the strategic city of Nieuwpoort in Flanders and held the rank of Sergeant General of Battle. By Royal Decree, King Charles II granted Antonio Vélaz de Medrano the title of Marquess of Tabuérniga (also known as Marqués de Tabuérniga de Vélazar) in 1682. Antonio Vélaz de Medrano is also known for having led an interesting diplomatic initiative by negotiating with the United Provinces of the Netherlands for the cession of the island of Tobago to himself, as prince.

Nieuwpoort, Belgium
Nieuwpoort (/ˈnjuːpɔːrt/ NEW-port, Dutch: [ˈniupoːrt] ⓘ; West Flemish: Nieuwpôort; French: Nieuport [njøpɔʁ]) is a city and municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, in the province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the town of Nieuwpoort proper, as well as Ramskapelle and Sint-Joris. On 1 January 2008, Nieuwpoort had a total population of 11,062. Its land area is 31.00 km² which gives a population density of 350 inhabitants per km².

In Nieuwpoort, the Yser flows into the North Sea. It was also the home of a statue created by Jan Fabre called Searching for Utopia. The Stadshalle Grain Hall (market hall) with its belfry was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, owing to its historical civic (not religious) importance and its architecture.
Deterministic context-free language
In formal language theory, deterministic context-free languages (DCFL) are  a proper subset of  context-free languages. They are context-free languages that can be accepted by a deterministic pushdown automaton. DCFLs are always unambiguous, meaning that they admit an unambiguous grammar. There are non-deterministic unambiguous CFLs, so DCFLs form a proper subset of unambiguous CFLs.

DCFLs are of great practical interest, as they can be parsed in linear time, and various restricted forms of DCFGs admit simple practical parsers. They are thus widely used throughout computer science.

Deterministic pushdown automaton
In automata theory, a deterministic pushdown automaton (DPDA or DPA) is a variation of the pushdown automaton. The class of deterministic pushdown automata accepts the deterministic context-free languages, a proper subset of context-free languages.

Machine transitions are based on the current state and input symbol, and also the current topmost symbol of the stack.  Symbols lower in the stack are not visible and have no immediate effect. Machine actions include pushing, popping, or replacing the stack top.  A deterministic pushdown automaton has at most one legal transition for the same combination of input symbol, state, and top stack symbol. This is where it differs from the nondeterministic pushdown automaton.
Utsteinen Nunatak
Utsteinen Nunatak is a nunatak standing 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of Viking Heights and the main group of the Sør Rondane Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Utsteinen ("the outer stone") because of its position.

The Belgian research station Princess Elisabeth was established at Utsteinen Nunatak during the International Polar Year 2007–2008.

Sør Rondane Mountains
The Sør Rondane Mountains are a group of mountains about 100 miles (160 km) long with main peaks rising to 3400 m, between the Queen Fabiola Mountains and Wohlthat Mountains in Queen Maud Land. They were discovered and photographed from the air by members of the Lars Christensen Expedition (LCE) on February 6, 1937, and named after Rondane, a mountain massif in southern Norway. The mountains and their constituent features were mapped in greater detail and named in 1957 by Norwegian cartographers working with air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47.
Albert Steptoe
Albert Edward Ladysmith Steptoe is a fictional character from the British sitcom Steptoe and Son, portrayed by Wilfrid Brambell. He was the basis for the character of Fred Sanford from Sanford and Son, the American adaption of Steptoe and Son.

Fred G. Sanford
Fred G. Sanford is a fictional character portrayed by actor/comedian Redd Foxx on the 1972–1977 NBC sitcom Sanford and Son and the 1980–1981 NBC sitcom Sanford.

Foxx, whose real name was John Elroy Sanford, modeled the character after his real-life older brother, Fred Glenn Sanford, Jr., who had died in 1965, seven years before the show premiered. The role is adapted from Albert Steptoe (Wilfrid Brambell) of the series's forebear, Steptoe and Son. The character Fred is an elderly, widowed, sarcastic, and cantankerous junk and antique dealer. He is the proprietor of "Sanford and Son", a junk and antique dealership which he runs out of his home, along with his son, Lamont. Foxx appeared in all episodes of the series except nine in 1974 (due to a contract dispute Foxx had with NBC).

In 1999, TV Guide ranked him #36 on its list of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time.
Haranpur
Haranpur is a town and union council of Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil in Jhelum District, Punjab province, Pakistan. It is located at 32°36'11N 73°8'53E. During British rule a bridge across the Jhelum River was built for the Sindsagar line of the North-Western Railway. On the opposite side of the river, at a distance of about 5 miles, lies the old town of Mieni, once a place of distinct importance.

Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag in India-administered Jammu and Kashmir, flows into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, and then flows through the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
Denzil Meyrick
Denzil Meyrick (28 November 1965 – 14 February 2025) was a Scottish bestselling novelist. Prior to that, he served as a police officer with Strathclyde Police then a manager with Springbank Distillery in Campbeltown, Argyll. From 2012 onwards, Denzil Meyrick worked as a writer of Scottish crime fiction novels. He was also an executive director of media production company Houses of Steel.

Campbeltown
Campbeltown (/ˈkæmbəltən/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Chille Chiarain or Ceann Locha) is a town and former royal burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies by Campbeltown Loch on the Kintyre Peninsula. Campbeltown became an important centre for Scotch whisky, and a busy fishing port.

The 2018 population estimate was 4,600, indicating a reduction since the 2011 census.
Charles Salatka
Charles Alexander Kazimieras Salatka (February 26, 1918 – March 17, 2003) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City in Oklahoma from 1977 to 1992.  Salatka was the first bishop of Lithuanian descent in the United States.

Salaka previously served as the ninth bishop of the Diocese of Marquette in Michigan from 1968 to 1977 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Grand Rapids in Michigan from 1962 to 1968.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette (Latin: Diœcesis Marquettensis) is an ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church, encompassing the Upper Peninsula region of Michigan in the United States. The diocese is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Detroit. Its cathedral is St. Peter Cathedral in Marquette, which replaced Holy Name of Mary Pro-Cathedral at Sault Ste. Marie.
Binnya E Law
Binnya E Law (Burmese: ဗညားအဲလော, pronounced [bəɲá ʔɛ́ lɔ́]; 1308–1348/49) was king of Martaban from 1330 to 1348. Placed on the throne by his half-sister Queen Sanda Min Hla, this son of King Hkun Law defeated Sukhothai's invasion in 1330–1331, ending Martaban's tributary status to the Siamese kingdom.

The rest of his reign was largely uneventful except for the fierce rivalry between E Law's son Binnya E Laung and Sanda Min Hla's son Binnya U. The king died soon after his son's death, and was succeeded by Binnya U.

Binnya E Laung
Binnya E Laung (Burmese: ဗညားအဲလောင်, pronounced [bəɲá ʔɛ́ làʊ̯ɴ]) was heir-presumptive of Martaban from 1330 to the 1340s. The only known son of King Binnya E Law had a rival in his half-cousin Binnya U to be heir-apparent. He died of smallpox, and did not succeed his father as king.
Dewsbury
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It lies to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. It forms part of the Heavy Woollen District, of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census.

Kirklees
Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. The borough comprises the ten towns of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. It is governed by Kirklees Council. Kirklees had a population of 422,500 in 2011; it is the third-largest metropolitan district in Yorkshire by area, behind Doncaster and Leeds.
Ed LaDou
Edward M. LaDou, III (October 9, 1955 – December 27, 2007) was an American pizza chef, who is credited with popularizing gourmet California-style pizzas. Ed LaDou was the first pizza chef at Wolfgang Puck's Spago restaurant in Los Angeles. He also developed the first menu for the American chain restaurant California Pizza Kitchen.

The invention of the California-style pizza begins with a Berkeley, California, pizza restaurant, Chez Panisse, and its owner, Alice Waters. Waters was the first to create pizzas with exotic and unusual toppings which were cooked in a wood-burning pizza oven. However, LaDou was a major figure in the development and popularity of these types of pizzas. LaDou was known for introducing very unusual ingredients into his pizza recipes at a time when such toppings were highly unorthodox. Examples include duck breast and hoisin sauce pizza and barbecue chicken pizza.

California Pizza Kitchen
California Pizza Kitchen, Inc. (CPK) is an American casual dining restaurant chain that specializes in California-style pizza.  The restaurant was started in 1985 by attorneys Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax in Beverly Hills, California, United States. California Pizza Kitchen introduced and popularized BBQ Chicken Pizza.
Albert Dubois-Pillet
Albert Dubois-Pillet (French pronunciation: [albɛʁ dybwa pijɛ]; 28 October 1846 – 18 August 1890) was a French Neo-impressionist painter and a career army officer. He was instrumental in the founding of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, and was one of the first artists to embrace Pointillism.

Pointillism
Pointillism (/ˈpwæ̃tɪlɪzəm/, also US: /ˈpwɑːn-ˌ ˈpɔɪn-/) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.

Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism.  The term "Pointillism" was coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists, but is now used without its earlier pejorative connotation. The movement Seurat began with this technique is known as Neo-impressionism. The Divisionists used a similar technique of patterns to form images, though with larger cube-like brushstrokes.
Antonov An-32
The Antonov An-32 (NATO reporting name: Cline) is a turboprop twin-engined military transport aircraft. Its first flight was in July 1976 and was displayed at the 1977 Paris Air Show. A variant of the An-24, it was given upgraded equipment and more powerful Ivchenko AI-20 engines, and is oriented towards flying in adverse weather conditions. The aircraft was produced from 1980 to 2012, and remains in service. It is the fourth member of the Antonov An-24 family, succeeding the An-24, An-30 and An-26, and coming before the cancelled An-132.

Ivchenko AI-20
The Ivchenko AI-20 (Russian: Ивченко АИ-20) is a Soviet turboprop engine developed by the Ivchenko design bureau in the 1950s. It has been built in large numbers, serving as the powerplant for both the Antonov An-12 transport and the Ilyushin Il-18 airliner.
Alden B. Dow
Alden B. Dow (April 10, 1904 – August 20, 1983), an architect based in Midland, Michigan, was renowned for his contributions to the Michigan Modern style. Beginning in the 1930s, he designed more than 70 residences and dozens of churches, schools, civic and art centers, and commercial buildings during his 30+ year career. The Midland Center for the Arts, the 1950s Grace A. Dow Memorial Library (named in honor of his mother), his many contributions to Dow Gardens and his former residence, the Alden Dow House and Studio, are among the numerous examples of his work located in his hometown of Midland, Michigan. He is the son of industrialist Herbert Dow, the founder of the Dow Chemical Company, and his wife, philanthropist Grace A. Dow who in 1936 founded the Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation in memory of her husband. Dow is known for his prolific and striking Modernist architectural designs. He served on the board of Dow Chemical Company for most of his adult life.

Midland Center for the Arts
The Midland Center for the Arts (MCFTA) is a performing arts center and museum complex located at 1801 Saint Andrews Street in Midland, Michigan. Situated in Discovery Square along Eastman Avenue, it was originally the home for the Midland Arts Council, Midland Little Theatre Guild, Midland Music Society, Midland Symphony Orchestra, Midland County Historical Society and Midland Community Concert Society. The facility includes two performance venues, two museums, art studios, lecture halls and a historical campus.
Shoghakat Church
The Church of Shoghakat (Armenian: Շողակաթ եկեղեցի; meaning "drop of light" because of the ray of light that came down from heaven upon Hripsime's martyrs) was erected in 1694 by Prince Aghamal Sorotetsi during the reign of Catholicos Nahabed I in the city of Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), in Armenia's Armavir Province.

Saint Gayane Church
The Saint Gayane Church (Armenian: Սուրբ Գայանե եկեղեցի; pronounced Surb Gayane yekeghetsi) is a 7th-century Armenian church in Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), the religious center of Armenia.  It is located within walking distance from the Etchmiadzin Cathedral of 301. St. Gayane was built by Catholicos Ezra I in the year 630. Its design has remained unchanged despite partial renovations of the dome and some ceilings in 1652.

Gayane was the name of an abbess who was martyred with other nuns by Tiridates III of Armenia in the year 301, and subsequently made a saint of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

In 2000, Saint Gayane Church was listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites along with historical churches of Vagharshapat.