hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemirgoys
The Chemirgoy or Temirgoy are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. They lived between the lower flows of the Belaya and Laba Rivers and their lands extended north to the Kuban. After the end of the Caucasian War, most Temirgoys resettled in other Circassian villages (e.g. Bzhedugii, Kabarda, Urupskiy), as well as in Turkey and in other parts of the Middle East. In Turkey, the majority of the population of the village Hadzhimukohabl (now Dondukovskaya) are Temirgoy.

The Temirgoy live mainly in Adygea. The Temirgoy dialect of Adyghe (КIэмыргъуэйбзэ), as well as the Bzhedug dialect, are the main languages of the Circassians in the Republic of Adygea.

Bzhedugs
The Bzhedugh (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъу, pronounced [bʐɐdɘʁʷ]; Russian: Бжедуги; Turkish: Bjeduğlar) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes.

Many of them immigrated to Turkey in the 1860s, but there is still a community of Bzhedug on the left bank of the Kuban River (in the vicinity of Krasnodar). The Bzhedug people live in Adygea and Krasnodar Krai, and are well represented in the Adyghe (Circassian) diaspora in all countries of residence. Even in ancient times the Bzhedug people were divided into four tribes.
Maxwell Becton
Maxwell Wilber Becton (August 22, 1868  –  January 2, 1951) was an American industrialist and businessman. He co-founded Becton, Dickinson and Company in 1897 with Fairleigh S. Dickinson. He also co-founded Fairleigh Dickinson College.

Fairleigh S. Dickinson
Colonel Fairleigh Stanton Dickinson Sr. (August 22, 1866 – June 23, 1948) was an American businessman who was the co-founder of the Fortune 500 medical technology company Becton Dickinson and the named benefactor of Fairleigh Dickinson University.
Henry IV, Part 2
Henry IV, Part 2 is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599. It is the third part of a tetralogy, preceded by Richard II and Henry IV, Part 1 and succeeded by Henry V.

The play is often seen as an extension of aspects of Henry IV, Part 1, rather than a straightforward continuation of the historical narrative, placing more emphasis on the highly popular character of Falstaff and introducing other comic figures as part of his entourage, including Ancient Pistol, Doll Tearsheet, and Justice Robert Shallow. Several scenes specifically parallel episodes in Part 1.

Henry V (play)
The Life of Henry the Fifth, often shortened to Henry V, is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written circa 1599. It tells the story of King Henry V of England, focusing on events immediately before and after the Battle of Agincourt (1415) during the Hundred Years' War. In the First Quarto text, it was titled The Cronicle History of Henry the fift,: p.6  and The Life of Henry the Fifth in the First Folio text.

The play is the final part of a tetralogy, preceded by Richard II, Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2. The original audiences would thus have already been familiar with the title character, whom the Henry IV plays depicted as a wild, undisciplined young man. In Henry V, the young prince has matured. He embarks on an expedition to France and, despite his army being greatly outnumbered, defeats the French at Agincourt.
Taedonggang
Taedonggang (Korean: 대동강맥주) is a brand of North Korean beer brewed by the state-owned Taedonggang Brewing Company based in Pyongyang. There are four brands of beer marketed as Taedonggang, though the brand known simply as "Taedonggang Beer" is that described below.

Beer in North Korea
North Korea has at least ten major breweries and many microbreweries that supply a wide range of beer products. The top brand is the light lager Taedonggang by the state-owned Taedonggang Brewing Company.

The country's problems with goods distribution and power output have forced North Korean brewers to innovate. To minimize distribution, many restaurants and hotels maintain their own microbreweries. Because unreliable power supply makes it difficult to refrigerate beer, North Koreans have developed their own steam beer, an originally American beer style brewed in higher than normal temperatures, that is widely available.

Although the Korean liquor soju is preferred, beer comes second when it comes to consumption. Since the 1980s, beer has been within reach of ordinary North Koreans, though it is still rationed. Tourists, on the other hand, enjoy inexpensive beer without such limitations.
Parseval's theorem
In mathematics, Parseval's theorem usually refers to the result that the Fourier transform is unitary; loosely, that the sum (or integral) of the square of a function is equal to the sum (or integral) of the square of its transform.  It originates from a 1799 theorem about series by Marc-Antoine Parseval, which was later applied to the Fourier series.  It is also known as Rayleigh's energy theorem, or Rayleigh's identity, after John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh.

Although the term "Parseval's theorem" is often used to describe the unitarity of any Fourier transform, especially in physics, the most general form of this property is more properly called the Plancherel theorem.

Plancherel theorem
In mathematics, the Plancherel theorem (sometimes called the Parseval–Plancherel identity) is a result in harmonic analysis, proven by Michel Plancherel in 1910. It is a generalization of Parseval's theorem; often used in the fields of science and engineering, proving the unitarity of the Fourier transform.

The theorem states that the integral of a function's squared modulus is equal to the integral of the squared modulus of its frequency spectrum. That is, if  is a function on the real line, and  is its frequency spectrum, then
Pambdelurion
Pambdelurion is an extinct genus of panarthropod from the Cambrian aged Sirius Passet site in northern Greenland. Like the morphologically similar Kerygmachela from the same locality, Pambdelurion is thought to be closely related to arthropods, combining characteristics of "lobopodians" with those of primitive arthropods.

Kerygmachela
Kerygmachela kierkegaardi is a kerygmachelid gilled lobopodian from the Cambrian Stage 3 aged Sirius Passet Lagerstätte in northern Greenland. Its anatomy strongly suggests that it, along with its relative Pambdelurion whittingtoni, was a close relative of radiodont (Anomalocaris and relatives) and euarthropods. The generic name "Kerygmachela" derives from the Greek words Kerygma (proclamation) and Chela (claw), in reference to the flamboyant frontal appendages. The specific name, "kierkegaardi" honors Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard.
Gabriel–Popescu theorem
In mathematics, the Gabriel–Popescu theorem is an embedding theorem for certain abelian categories, introduced by Pierre Gabriel and Nicolae Popescu (1964). It characterizes certain abelian categories (the Grothendieck categories) as quotients of module categories.

There are several generalizations and variations of the Gabriel–Popescu theorem, given by Kuhn (1994) (for an AB5 category with a set of generators), Lowen (2004), Porta (2010) (for triangulated categories).

Quotient of an abelian category
In mathematics, the quotient (also called Serre quotient or Gabriel quotient) of an abelian category  by a Serre subcategory  is the abelian category  which, intuitively, is obtained from  by ignoring (i.e. treating as zero) all objects from .  There is a canonical exact functor  whose kernel is , and  is in a certain sense the most general abelian category with this property.

Forming Serre quotients of abelian categories is thus formally akin to forming quotients of groups. Serre quotients are somewhat similar to quotient categories, the difference being that with Serre quotients all involved categories are abelian and all functors are exact. Serre quotients also often have the character of localizations of categories, especially if the Serre subcategory is localizing.
Tuckingmill, Camborne, Cornwall
Tuckingmill (Cornish: Talgarrek, meaning hill-brow of a rock) is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, which is in the civil parish of Camborne. Tucking Mill (Cornish: Melindroghya, from the verb troghya) was the Cornish term for a fulling mill which was where homespun cloth was dipped, cleansed and dressed. There is a mention of a fulling mill in this region as early as 1250. The ecclesiastical parish of Tuckingmill was constituted in 1845, being carved out of a western section of the parish of Illogan and an eastern section of Camborne parish. It covers 1,300 acres (5.3 km2).

Camborne
Camborne (Cornish: Kammbronn, meaning "crooked hill") is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 23,831 and the population of the built up area was 20,450. The town lies about 2 miles (3 km) inland, but the northern boundary of the parish is the coast, including Hell's Mouth and Deadman's Cove. The coast is followed by the South West Coast Path. As well as Camborne itself, the parish also includes a number of hamlets.

Camborne was formerly one of the most significant tin mining areas in the world. It is home to the Camborne School of Mines.
Speaker of the Rivers State House of Assembly
The Speaker of the Rivers State House of Assembly is the political head of the legislative body in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Elected by the Members of the House, the speaker's primary responsibility is to preside over the sitting and deliberations of the Assembly. The Speaker also represents the voters of his or her constituency. Since 1979, there have been eight legislative assemblies with nine people holding the office of Speaker.

Rivers State House of Assembly
Rivers State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Rivers State inaugurated in 1979. It is a unicameral body with 32 members elected into 32 state constituencies. The Assembly's primary function is to enact laws for the peace, order, and good governance of Rivers State, as outlined in the Constitution of Nigeria. The current Speaker of the State Assembly is Martins Amaewhule.
Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum-Nano Centre
Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum-Nano Centre (also known as Quantum Nano Centre, or simply QNC) is a research and development laboratory for quantum information science and nanotechnology at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The facilities are shared by the Waterloo Institute for Quantum Computing, the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology and the Nanotechnology Engineering program at the University of Waterloo.

Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
The Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) is located at the University of Waterloo and is co-located with the Institute for Quantum Computing in the Mike and Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum-Nano Centre (QNC). WIN is currently headed by Dr. Sushanta Mitra.

The Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology comprises 96 faculty from nine different departments in the faculties of Science, Engineering, Mathematics, and Environment.
Proto-Finnic language
Proto-Finnic or Proto-Baltic-Finnic is the common ancestor of the Finnic languages, which include the national languages Finnish and Estonian. Proto-Finnic is not attested in any texts, but has been reconstructed by linguists. Proto-Finnic is itself descended ultimately from Proto-Uralic.

Proto-Uralic language
Proto-Uralic is the unattested reconstructed language ancestral to the modern Uralic language family. The reconstructed language is thought to have been originally spoken in a small area, and then expanded across northern Eurasia, gradually diverging into a dialect continuum and then a language family in the process. The location of the area or Urheimat is not known, and various strongly differing proposals have been put forward, such as the Central Russian Upland, but the vicinity of the Ural Mountains is generally viewed as the most likely.
Belfast Child
"Belfast Child" is a song by the Scottish band Simple Minds, first released as the lead track on the Ballad of the Streets EP on 6 February 1989. The EP also included "Mandela Day". The record reached number one on the UK Singles Chart as well as in Ireland and the Netherlands, and it became a top-ten hit in Belgium, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Switzerland and West Germany.

Mandela Day (song)
"Mandela Day" is a song by Scottish rock band Simple Minds. It was included in the single  "Ballad of the Streets" EP which reached No.1 on the British charts in February 1989  and features on their eighth studio album Street Fighting Years (1989). The single highlights the songs "Mandela Day", "Belfast Child", originally its A-side on the full-length version, and "Biko".

"Mandela Day" was written for the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute (also known as Mandela Day), a concert held at Wembley Stadium, London, on 11 June 1988, as an expression of solidarity with the then-imprisoned Nelson Mandela, and was played live on that day (alongside cover versions of "Sun City" with Little Steven and a cover version of Peter Gabriel's "Biko" on which Gabriel himself took on lead vocals). All artists had been commissioned to write a song for the event, but only Simple Minds actually did so.

The official music video for the song was directed by Andy Morahan.
Great Ireland
Great Ireland (Old Norse: Írland hit mikla or Írland it mikla), also known as White Men's Land (Hvítramannaland) or Land of the White People, and in Latin similarly as Hibernia Major and Albania, was a land said by various Norsemen to be located near Vinland. In one report, in the Saga of Eric the Red, some skrælingar captured in Markland described the people in what was supposedly White Men's Land, to have been "dressed in white garments, uttered loud cries, bore long poles, and wore fringes." Another report identifies it with the Albani people, with "hair and skin as white as snow."

Scholars and writers disagree on the nature of the land, from either being treated as a myth based on faded knowledge of lands in the western ocean, to theories on actually locating it somewhere in North America.

Saga of Erik the Red
The Saga of Erik the Red, in Old Norse: Eiríks saga rauða (listenⓘ), is an Icelandic saga on the Norse exploration of North America. The original saga is thought to have been written in the 13th century. It is preserved in somewhat different versions in two manuscripts: Hauksbók (14th century) and Skálholtsbók (15th century).

Despite its title, the saga mainly chronicles the life and expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife Gudrid, also recounted in the Saga of the Greenlanders. For this reason it was formerly also called Þorfinns saga karlsefnis; Árni Magnússon wrote that title in the blank space at the top of the saga in Hauksbók. It also details the events that led to the banishment of Erik the Red  to Greenland and the preaching of Christianity by his son Leif Erikson as well as his discovery of Vinland after his longship was blown off course.
Common bunt
Common bunt, also known as hill bunt, Indian bunt, European bunt, stinking smut or covered smut, is a disease of both spring and winter wheats.  It is caused by two very closely related fungi, Tilletia tritici (syn. Tilletia caries) and T. laevis (syn. T. foetida).

Tilletia caries
Tilletia caries (synonymous with Tilletia tritici) is a basidiomycete that causes common bunt of wheat. The common names of this disease are stinking bunt of wheat and stinking smut of wheat. This pathogen infects wheat, rye, and various other grasses. T. caries is economically and agriculturally important because it reduces both the wheat yield and grain quality.
Meal, Ready-to-Eat
The Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) is a self-contained individual United States military ration used by the United States Armed Forces and Department of Defense. It is intended for use by American service members in combat or field conditions where other food is not available. MREs have also been distributed to civilians as humanitarian daily rations during natural disasters and wars.

The MRE replaced the canned Meal, Combat, Individual (MCI) in 1981. Its garrison ration and group ration equivalent is the Unitized Group Ration (UGR), its in-combat and mobile equivalent is the Close Combat Assault Ration (CCAR), and its long-range and cold weather equivalents are the Long Range Patrol (LRP) and Meal, Cold Weather (MCW) respectively.

LRP ration
The Food Packet, Long Range Patrol (LRP; pronounced "lurp") was a freeze-dried dehydrated United States military ration used by the Department of Defense. Developed in 1964 and intended for wide adoption during the Vietnam War, its use was eventually limited to American special operations forces during long-range reconnaissance patrols, where bulky canned Meal, Combat, Individual (MCI) rations proved too heavy for extended missions on foot. The LRP had a cold-weather warfare equivalent, the Ration, Cold Weather (RCW).

The LRP and RCW were mostly superseded by the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) in the 1980s. They are no longer produced or used by the U.S. military, having been replaced in 2001 by the Meal, Cold Weather/Food Packet, Long Range Patrol (MCW/LRP), which combines the functions and roles of both rations under a unified system.
WBAY-TV
WBAY-TV (channel 2) is a television station in Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States, affiliated with ABC and owned by Gray Media. The station's studios are located on South Jefferson Street in downtown Green Bay (across from the historic Brown County Courthouse), with a Fox Cities news bureau on College Avenue on the west side of Appleton, just south of Fox River Mall; its transmitter is located in Ledgeview, Wisconsin.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Takeda clan
The Takeda clan (武田氏, Takeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of Takeda Shingen, one of the most famous rulers of the period.

Takeda Shingen
Takeda Shingen (武田 信玄; December 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was a Japanese samurai who was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku period. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyo of the late Sengoku period, despite being based in a poor area with little arable land and no access to the sea.
Raipur, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency
Raipur was one of the original constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, created for the first elections of 1951. Centred on the historic city of Raipur, it remained a general (unreserved) single-member seat until the nationwide delimitation undertaken on the basis of the 1971 Census. Under the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1976, Raipur Assembly constituency was dissolved with effect from the 1977 election cycle; its urban core was re-designated as Raipur Town while suburban and rural areas were redistributed among newly carved seats.

Raipur Town Assembly constituency
Raipur Town (sometimes called Raipur Nagar) was one of the 320 constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh and later 90 constitutencies of the Chhattisgarh state in India. The seat was formed in 1976 after the dissolution of Raipur Vidhan Sabha Constituency. It was a part of Raipur district. After 2008 Delimitation of State Assembly constituencies, Raipur Town was bifurcated into three constituencies, Raipur City North, Raipur City South and Raipur City West.
Diane Frolov
Diane Frolov is an American television writer and producer. She has written for several television shows, including The Sopranos and Northern Exposure. She frequently co-writes episodes with her husband, Andrew Schneider.

Andrew Schneider
Andrew Schneider is an American screenwriter and television producer, whose credits include writing for The Sopranos, Northern Exposure, The Incredible Hulk and Alien Nation. He frequently co-writes episodes with his wife, Diane Frolov. In 1992, Schneider won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for his work on the Northern Exposure episode "Seoul Mates". The award was shared with Frolov as they co-wrote the episode. Schneider was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for best dramatic series at the February 2008 ceremony for his work on the sixth season of The Sopranos. Schneider was raised in a secular Jewish family.
Radstadt Tauern
The Radstadt Tauern (German: Radstädter Tauern) are a subrange of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria. Together with the Schladming Tauern, the Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern and the Seckau Tauern the Radstadt Tauern form the major range of mountains known as the Low Tauern. The mountains are found in the southeast of the Austrian state of Salzburg, between the upper reaches of the Enns and Mur rivers.

Schladming Tauern
The Schladming Tauern (German: Schladminger Tauern) are a subrange of the Austrian Central Alps within the Eastern Alps. Together with the Radstadt Tauern, the Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern and the Seckau Tauern the Schladming Tauern form the major range known as the Low Tauern. The mountains are located in Austria in the federal states of Salzburg and Styria. 
Its highest peak, at 2,862 m is the Hochgolling.
River Syfynwy
River Syfynwy (Welsh: Afon Syfynwy, Syfnwy or Syfni) is a river entirely within Pembrokeshire, Wales, rising in the Preseli Mountains, feeding the Rosebush and Llys y Fran reservoirs and joining the Eastern Cleddau to the south. It is a river considered to be important as an ecological indicator and part is in a site of special scientific interest.

River Cleddau
The River Cleddau (Welsh: Afon Cleddau) consists of the Eastern and Western Cleddau rivers in Pembrokeshire, west Wales.  They unite to form the Daugleddau estuary and the harbour of Milford Haven Waterway.

The name of the combined estuary – the Daugleddau – means “the two Cleddaus”. The name Cleddau, whilst seeming to be a plural ('-au' generally denotes plurality in Welsh) comes from the Welsh word cleddyf meaning 'sword' and refers perhaps to the manner in which both rivers are incised into the landscape of Pembrokeshire. A number of former Anglican parishes in the area have been combined to form the modern Church in Wales parish of Daugleddau in the Diocese of St Davids.
Adjusted RevPAR
Adjusted RevPAR (or ARPAR, adjusted revenue per available room), is a performance metric used in the hospitality industry. It is calculated by dividing the variable net revenues of a property by the total available rooms (see more formulas below).

The difference between ARPAR and other metrics (RevPAR, TRevPAR, GOPPAR) is that it accounts for variable costs and additional revenues.

TRevPAR
TRevPAR, or total revenue per available room, is a performance metric in the hotel industry. TRevPAR is calculated by dividing the total net revenues of a property by the total available rooms.

TRevPAR is the preferred metric for accountants and hotel owners because it effectively determines the overall financial performance of a property, while RevPAR only takes into account revenue from rooms. TRevPAR is useful for hotels where rooms are not necessarily the largest component of the business. Outlets such as banquet halls also provide a source of revenue for these hotels.