hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schlichting jet
Schlichting jet is a steady, laminar, round jet, emerging into a stationary fluid of the same kind with very high Reynolds number. The problem was formulated and solved by Hermann Schlichting in 1933, who also formulated the corresponding planar Bickley jet problem in the same paper. The Landau-Squire jet from a point source is an exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations, which is valid for all Reynolds number, reduces to Schlichting jet solution at high Reynolds number, for distances far away from the jet origin.

Bickley jet
In fluid dynamics, Bickley jet is a steady two-dimensional laminar plane jet with large jet Reynolds number emerging into the fluid at rest, named after W. G. Bickley, who gave the analytical solution in 1937, to the problem derived by Schlichting in 1933 and the corresponding problem in axisymmetric coordinates is called as Schlichting jet. The solution is valid only for distances far away from the jet origin.
V-boat
The V-boats were a group of nine United States Navy submarines built between World War I and World War II from 1921 to 1934 under authorization as the "fleet boat" program.

The term "V-boats" as used includes five separate classes of submarines: large, fast fleet submarines (V-1 through V-3), large long-range submarines (the minelayer V-4 and two submarine cruisers V-5 and V-6) and three medium-sized submarines (V-7 through V-9).

The successful fleet submarines of World War II (Tambor class through Tench class) were descended from the last three, especially V-7, though somewhat larger and powered by pure diesel-electric propulsion systems.

Originally called USS V-1 through V-9 (SS-163 through SS-171), in 1931 the nine submarines were renamed Barracuda, Bass, Bonita, Argonaut, Narwhal, Nautilus, Dolphin, Cachalot, and Cuttlefish, respectively. All served in World War II, six of them on war patrols in the central Pacific. Argonaut was lost to enemy action.

USS Dolphin (SS-169)
USS Dolphin (SF-10/SC-3/SS-169), a submarine and one of the "V-boats", was the sixth ship of the United States Navy to be named for that aquatic mammal. She also bore the name V-7 and the classifications SF-10 and SC-3 prior to her commissioning. She was launched on 6 March 1932 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard, sponsored by Mrs. E.D. Toland, and commissioned on 1 June 1932.
Lyn Paul
Lyn Paul (born Lynda Susan Belcher; 16 February 1949) is an English pop singer and actress.  She came to fame as a member of the international chart-topping pop group the New Seekers in the early 1970s. She has more recently found success and critical acclaim starring in the long-running West End musical, Blood Brothers.

The New Seekers
The New Seekers were a British pop group, formed in London, in 1969, by Keith Potger, after the break-up of his group, the Seekers. The idea was that the New Seekers would appeal to the same market as the original Seekers, but their music would have pop as well as folk influences. They achieved worldwide success in the early 1970s with hits including "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing", "You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me" and "Beg, Steal or Borrow".
Codex Marianus
The Codex Marianus is an Old Church Slavonic fourfold Gospel Book written in Glagolitic script, dated to the beginning of the 11th century, which is (along with the Codex Zographensis), one of the oldest manuscript witnesses to the Old Church Slavonic language, one of the two fourfold gospels being part of the Old Church Slavonic canon.

Codex Zographensis
The Codex Zographensis (or Tetraevangelium Zographense; scholarly abbreviation Zo) is an illuminated Old Church Slavonic canon manuscript. It is composed of 304 parchment folios; the first 288 are written in Glagolitic containing Gospels and organised as Tetraevangelium (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), and the rest written in Cyrillic containing a 13th-century synaxarium. It is dated back to the end of the 10th or beginning of the 11th century.
Constitution Act 1986
The Constitution Act 1986 is an act of the New Zealand Parliament that forms a major part of the constitution of New Zealand. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles of governance, and establishes the powers of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of state. It outlines the roles and duties of the monarch, the governor-general, ministers and judges. The Act repealed and replaced the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 and the Statute of Westminster, and removed the ability of the British Parliament to pass laws for New Zealand with the consent of the New Zealand Parliament.

New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 (15 & 16 Vict. c. 72) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted self-government to the Colony of New Zealand.  It was the second such act, the New Zealand Constitution Act 1846 not having been fully implemented. The purpose of the act was to have constitutional independence from Britain. The definition of franchise or the ability to vote excluded all women, most Māori, all non-British people and those with convictions for serious offences.

The act took effect upon proclamation by Governor George Grey on 17 January 1853. It remained in force as part of New Zealand's constitution until it was rendered ineffective by the Constitution Act 1986.

The long title of the act was "An Act to Grant a Representative Constitution to the Colony of New Zealand". The act received royal assent on 30 June 1852.
Rensselaer County, New York
Rensselaer County /rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,130, it's highest decennial count ever. Its county seat is Troy. The county is named in honor of the family of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the original Dutch owner of the land in the area. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Rensselaer County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Capital District (New York)
The Capital District, also known as the Capital Region, is the metropolitan area surrounding Albany, the capital of the U.S. state of New York. With an estimated 1.3 million residents, the Capital District is one of the largest metropolitan areas and the fastest-growing region in Upstate New York.

The Capital District was first settled by the Dutch in the early 17th century and came under English control in 1664. Albany was the first city to be established in New York State, and has been the permanent capital of the state of New York since 1797. The Capital District is notable for many historical events that predate the independence of the United States, including the Albany Plan of Union and the Battles of Saratoga. Since 2020, the economy of Albany and the surrounding Capital District has been directed toward artificial intelligence, computer hardware, nanotechnology, and digital electronics.
He Never Died
He Never Died is a 2015 Canadian/American horror comedy film that was written and directed by Jason Krawczyk. It had its world premiere on March 17, 2015 at South by Southwest and stars Henry Rollins as Jack, an immortal, cannibalistic loner who has withdrawn from society to protect both himself and others. Plans were announced to create a direct sequel and miniseries expansion following the character Jack. The script for this was later rewritten to create the 2019 film She Never Died.

Filming for He Never Died began in November 2013 in Toronto and concluded in December of the same year. The film was released on various video on demand platforms as well as on DVD and became available worldwide on Netflix on March 18, 2016.

She Never Died
She Never Died is a 2019 Canadian horror comedy film directed by Audrey Cummings and written by Jason Krawczyk. The movie is seen by critics as a follow-up sister-sequel to Krawczyk's 2015 movie He Never Died, which starred Henry Rollins, although the creator and director of the first film Krawcyzk has stated it is a remake. It is set within the same universe. Krawczyk had initially intended the 2015 film to be expanded into a miniseries and follow-up film, but repurposed the script into She Never Died after the endeavor was cancelled.

This iteration stars Oluniké Adeliyi in a role similar to Rollins' character Jack, playing a mysterious recluse with a hunger for human flesh and a talent for violence. Noah Dalton Danby and Michelle Nolden play the film's main antagonists, while Peter MacNeill and Kiana Madeira star as a grizzled detective and innocent bystander.

The film premiered at the Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival on 19 September 2019.
Subscription television in Australia
Subscription television in Australia is provided using technologies such as cable television, satellite television and internet television by a number of companies unified in their provision of a subscription television service. Notable actors in the sector include Foxtel, Netflix, Stan, Amazon Prime Video and Disney+. Regulation of the sector is assured by the Australian Communications and Media Authority.

In 2012, prior to market entry of some major digital streaming services to Australia, only about 28% of Australian homes had a pay TV subscription, which was one of the lowest subscriber rates in the developed world. By 2019, the situation had evolved so that almost 14 million Australians had access to a paid television or video on demand service.

Foxtel
NXE Australia Pty Ltd, trading as the Foxtel Group, is an Australian pay television company that operates direct broadcast satellite television, and IPTV streaming services. It was formed in April 2018, superseding an earlier company from 1995. The service was established as a 50/50 joint venture between News Corp Australia (which held a controlling 65% stake) and Telstra (which held the remaining 35%).

Since 2025, the company is owned by DAZN. It shares many features with the Sky service in the UK and Ireland – including the iQ box, the electronic programme guide, a similar remote control, and Red Button Active.
Diagonal cumulation
Diagonal cumulation is a rules of origin (RoO) provision in international trade whereby products from one country of origin can have value added to it in another as if it were native to that country. It includes the provisions from bilateral cumulation and exists between countries with identical cumulation provisions, even if they are in separate free trade agreements (FTAs).

The pan-Euro-Mediterranean cumulation system was introduced in the European Union in 1997 and allows for countries to cumulate stages of production without sacrificing their preferential access to EU markets. As with all preferential regimes, firms are thus able to utilise intermediate goods from countries with the same rules of origin and cumulation. This is understood to have fundamentally reorganised procurement strategies in peripheral countries.

Rules of origin
Rules of origin are the rules to attribute a country of origin to a product in order to determine its "economic nationality". The need to establish rules of origin stems from the fact that  the implementation of trade policy measures, such as tariffs, quotas, trade remedies, in various cases, depends on the country of origin of the product at hand. More stringent rules of origin requirements are associated with less trade.

Rules of origin have become a challenging topic in international trade, not only because they constitute a highly technical area of rule-making, but also because their designation and application have not been harmonized across the world. The lack of harmony is even more remarkable in the era of regionalism, when more and more free trade agreements (FTAs) are concluded, creating the spaghetti bowl effect.
Baby Tate (rapper)
Tate Sequoya Farris (born May 13, 1996), known professionally as Baby Tate (formerly known as  Yung Baby Tate), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. The daughter of singer Dionne Farris, she released her debut project, ROYGBIV, in 2015. She has since garnered significant attention for the successful viral single "I Am" featuring Flo Milli and the EP After the Rain, among others. Her song "Beckham" was featured in the pilot episode of Euphoria in 2019. In 2021, she signed a record deal with Warner Records and released her major label debut single, "Pedi", on October 29, 2021. She dropped her EP Baby Tate Presents: Sexploration the Musical on October 27, 2023.

Dionne Farris
Dionne Farris  (born December 4, 1969) is an American singer and songwriter. Born and raised in New Jersey, she began singing in elementary school and competed in pageants as a teenager. In the early 1990s, she was featured on the hip-hop group Arrested Development's hit single  "Tennessee" (1992).

Farris found success with the release of her debut album, Wild Seed – Wild Flower (1994) on Columbia Records. The album featured the US top ten single, "I Know" (1995). The music video earned Farris the Billboard Music Video Awards Best Pop/Rock New Artist Clip of the Year. She was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 1996 .
Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Turkish: Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system. It replaced the former Turkish Basketball Championship (1946–1967) to become the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) until 2015 when it adopted its current name while the TBL name became exclusive to the second-tier and third-tier divisions.

The BSL is administered by the Turkish Basketball Federation (TBF) and is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the second-tier TBL and replaced by the top two teams of that division.

Since the league's restructuring in 1966, 11 clubs have been crowned champions, with Anadolu Efes winning the title a record 16 times and Fenerbahçe 12 times. In recent years, Fenerbahçe won 11 titles out of 17 from the 2006–07 season onward.

Turkish basketball league system
The Turkish basketball league system or Turkish basketball league pyramid, is a series of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in Turkey. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and demotion system between competitions at different levels. There are currently five different competitions on the pyramid: the 1st-tier Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL), the 2nd-tier Turkish Basketball First League (TBL), the 3rd-tier Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L), the 4th-tier Turkish Men's Regional Basketball League (EBBL), and the 5th-tier Men's University League (Ünilig).
Zucht v. King
Zucht v. King, 260 U.S. 174 (1922), is a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court unanimously held that public schools could constitutionally exclude unvaccinated students from attending, even if there was not an ongoing outbreak. In the case, the school district of San Antonio, Texas enacted an ordinance that prohibited any child from attending a school within the district unless they had been vaccinated against smallpox. One parent of a student who had been excluded, Rosalyn Zucht, sued on the basis that there was not a public health emergency. Justice Louis Brandeis wrote for the unanimous court that requiring students to be vaccinated was a justified use of "police power" to maintain public health and safety.

Brandeis invoked a previous decision, Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905), in which the Court upheld the authority of the states to enforce compulsory vaccination laws.

Jacobson v. Massachusetts
Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the authority of states to enforce compulsory vaccination laws. The Court's decision articulated the view that individual liberty is not absolute and is subject to the police power of the state. Jacobson has been invoked in numerous other Supreme Court cases as an example of a baseline exercise of the police power.
Blue Flag (manga)
Blue Flag (Japanese: 青のフラッグ, Hepburn: Ao no Furaggu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kaito, the creator of Cross Manage. It was serialized digitally on Shōnen Jump+ from February 2017 to April 2020, and publisher Shueisha later collected the chapters in eight tankōbon volumes. A slice-of-life manga set in a high school, Blue Flag tells the story of a group of friends who must navigate personal difficulties, societal expectations, and their feelings for and about each other.

Blue Flag has been well received by readers and critics, who have praised its art style, characters, and handling of LGBTQ themes. In North America, an English translation was licensed and published by Viz Media. It has also been translated into Chinese, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish.

Cross Manage
Cross Manage (Japanese: クロス・マネジ, Hepburn: Kurosu Maneji) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kaito. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from September 2012 to July 2013; its chapters were collected in five tankōbon volumes. The series was also published in North America in English through Viz Media's digital manga anthology, Weekly Shonen Jump.
Feint Ranging Rook
In shogi, Feint Ranging Rook (陽動振り飛車 yōdōfuribisha) is a Ranging Rook opening in which the player first gives the impression that they are playing a Static Rook position, which subsequently switches to a Ranging Rook position.

This strategy is intended to surprise the opponent and hopefully catch the opponent in a suboptimal position.

The impression of a Static Rook position is created by pushing the player's rook pawn forward (on the second file is played by Black or the eighth file if played by White).

Shogi opening
A shogi opening (戦法 senpō) is the sequence of initial moves of a shogi game before the middle game. The more general Japanese term for the beginning of the game is joban (序盤).

A jōseki (定跡) is the especially recommended sequence of moves for a given opening that was considered balanced play at one point in time for both sides by professional players. (However, some jōsekis have become outdated when they are reevaluated to no longer give balanced play.) Jōsekis also typically include commentary about the possible reasons to deviate from the jōseki especially regarding blunders.

Note that not all openings have jōsekis. For example, trap openings like Demon Slayer, while they may have standard moves, are considered to favor one player and are not balanced play. Thus, the Demon Slayer opening is not a jōseki.
Wanna One
Wanna One (Korean: 워너원) was a South Korean boy band formed by CJ E&M through the second season of Produce 101. The group was composed of eleven members: Kang Daniel, Park Ji-hoon, Lee Dae-hwi, Kim Jae-hwan, Ong Seong-wu, Park Woo-jin, Lai Kuan-lin, Yoon Ji-sung, Hwang Min-hyun, Bae Jin-young, and Ha Sung-woon. The group debuted on August 7, 2017, under Swing Entertainment and CJ E&M. Their contract ended on December 31, 2018, but their final activity as a group was their single album B-side released on January 27, 2022.

Park Ji-hoon
Park Ji-hoon (Korean: 박지훈; born May 29, 1999) is a South Korean singer and actor. He started his career in the entertainment industry as a commercial model and child actor in 2006. In 2017, he rose to fame by placing second in the second season of the reality competition series Produce 101 and becoming a member of the show's resulting boy group Wanna One (2017–2019, 2021–2022). As a solo recording artist, Park has released the EP O'Clock with the lead single "L.O.V.E" in 2019, followed by his debut studio album Message in 2020. As an actor, he is known for his leading roles in the first and second seasons of television series Weak Hero (2022– 2025) and the historical film The King's Warden (2026).
Machina: Aranea Alba Editio
Machina: Aranea Alba Editio is a box set by American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins. It was released as an octuple vinyl box set in October 2025, after some delays in production, via the website of Billy Corgan's Madame Zuzu's tea shop. The box set consists of material from the band's 2000 albums Machina/The Machines of God and Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music. The band broke up shortly after the release of the latter record, with Corgan saying he considered the entire Machina project "unfinished".

The set includes a 48 track version of the Machina album, as well as 32 bonus tracks. It includes some rerecorded songs, and all the material has been remixed and remastered. It was promoted by a concert tour of North America, with Corgan forming a new band titled Billy Corgan and the Machines of God. The band included Corgan alongside bassist Kid Tigrrr and drummer Jake Hayden, as well as the Smashing Pumpkins's touring guitarist Kiki Wong.

Machina/The Machines of God
Machina/The Machines of God is the fifth studio album by the American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins, released on February 29, 2000, by Virgin Records. A concept album, it marked the return of drummer Jimmy Chamberlin and was intended to be the band's final official LP release prior to their initial breakup in 2000. A sequel album—Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music—was later released independently via the Internet, and in highly limited quantities for the physical version.

Following the electronic and industrial rock elements established by its predecessor, Adore, Machina again proved controversial to the band's fan base and failed to reconnect them with chart-topping success. However, after the relatively brief Adore tour, the new lineup with Chamberlin and the former Hole bass guitarist Melissa Auf der Maur mounted longer international tours that returned the live incarnation of the band to a guitar-driven hard rock style.
Edict of July
The Edict of July, also known as the first Edict of Saint-Germain was a decree of limited tolerance promulgated by the regent of France, Catherine de' Medici, in July 1561. Whilst it emphasised a continued commitment to banning Huguenot worship in France, it granted pardon for all religious offenses since the reign of Henry II, who had died two years earlier, which was a victory for the Protestant community. A further Protestant victory was in the reaffirmation of the removal of the death penalty for heresy cases. The edict would be overtaken by events, and ultimately left unenforced as France moved first to the landmark Edict of Saint-Germain and then into the Wars of Religion.

Edict of Saint-Germain
The Edict of Saint-Germain (French: édit de tolérance de Saint-Germain), also known as the Edict of January (Édit de janvier), was a landmark decree of tolerance promulgated by the regent of France, Catherine de' Medici, in January 1562. The edict provided limited tolerance to the Protestant Huguenots in the Catholic realm, though with counterweighing restrictions on their behaviour. The act represented the culmination of several years of slowly liberalising edicts which had begun with the 1560 Edict of Amboise. After two months the Paris Parlement would be compelled to register it by the rapidly deteriorating situation in the capital. The practical impact of the edict would be highly limited by the subsequent outbreak of the first French Wars of Religion but it would form the foundation for subsequent toleration edicts as the Edict of Nantes of 1598.