hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Audubon Park (New Orleans)
Audubon Park (historically French: Plantation de Boré) is a municipal park located in the Uptown neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the United States. It is approximately 350 acres. The park is approximately six miles to the west of the city center of New Orleans and sits on land that was purchased by the city in 1871. It is bordered on one side by the Mississippi River and on the other by St. Charles Avenue, directly across from Loyola University and Tulane University. The park is named in honor of artist and naturalist John James Audubon, who began living in New Orleans in 1821.

Uptown New Orleans
Uptown is a section of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, on the east bank of the Mississippi River, encompassing a number of neighborhoods (including the similarly named and smaller Uptown area) between the French Quarter and the Jefferson Parish line. It remains an area of mixed residential and small commercial properties, with a wealth of 19th-century architecture. It includes part or all of Uptown New Orleans Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
John F. Allen (physicist)
John Frank Allen, FRS FRSE (May 5, 1908 – April 22, 2001) was a Canadian physicist. At the same time as Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa in Moscow, Don Misener and Allen independently discovered the superfluid phase of matter in 1937 using liquid helium in the Royal Society Mond Laboratory in Cambridge, England.

Don Misener
Don Misener (A.D. Misener) (1911–1996) was a physicist.  Along with Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and John F. Allen, Misener discovered the superfluid phase of matter in 1937.

Misener was a graduate student at the University of Toronto in 1935. He joined Allen at Cambridge University in about 1937. Misener later returned to Canada to work at the University of Western Ontario.
Oregrounds iron
Oregrounds iron was a grade of iron that was regarded as the best grade available in 18th century England.  The term was derived from the small Swedish city of Öregrund, the port from which the bar iron was shipped.  It was produced using the Walloon process.

Oregrounds iron is the equivalent of the Swedish vallonjärn, which literally translates as Walloon iron.  The Swedish name derives from the iron being produced by the Walloon version of the finery forge process, the Walloon process as opposed to the German method, which was more common in Sweden.  Actually, the term is more specialised, as all the Swedish Walloon forges made iron from ore ultimately derived from the Dannemora mine.  It was made in about 20 forges mainly in Uppland.

Many of the ironworks were founded by Louis de Geer and other Dutch entrepreneurs who set up ironworks in Sweden in the 1610s and 1620s, with blast furnaces and finery forges.  Most of the early forgemen were also from Wallonia.

Finery forge
A finery forge is a forge used to produce wrought iron from pig iron by decarburization in a process called "fining" which involved liquifying cast iron in a fining hearth and removing carbon from the molten cast iron through oxidation. Finery forges were used as early as the 3rd century BC in China. The finery forge process was replaced by the puddling process and the roller mill, both developed by Henry Cort in 1783–4, but not becoming widespread until after 1800.
Böttcher's equation
Böttcher's equation, named after Lucjan Böttcher, is the functional equation

where

h is a given analytic function with a superattracting fixed point of order n at a, (that is,  in a neighbourhood of a), with n ≥ 2

F is a sought function.

The logarithm of this functional equation amounts to Schröder's equation.

Schröder's equation
Schröder's equation, named after Ernst Schröder, is a functional equation with one independent variable:  given the function h, find the function Ψ such that

Schröder's equation is an eigenvalue equation for the composition operator Ch that sends a function f to f(h(.)).

If a is a fixed point of h, meaning h(a) = a, then either Ψ(a) = 0 (or ∞) or s = 1. Application of the chain rule shows that the eigenvalue s is given by s = h′(a), provided that Ψ(a) is finite and Ψ′(a) does not vanish or diverge.
Staff Selection Commission
The Staff Selection Commission (SSC) is an organisation under the Government of India to recruit staff for various posts in the various ministries and departments of the government of India and in subordinate offices and agencies.

This commission is an attached office of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) which consists of chairman, two members and a secretary-cum-controller of examinations. His post is equivalent to the level of additional secretary to the government of India.

The SSC decided to conduct the Multi-Tasking (Non-Technical) Staff examination in 13 Indian languages, which are Urdu, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Konkani, Meitei (Manipuri), Marathi, Odia and Punjabi, in addition to Hindi and English, out of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic, for the first time in January 2023.

Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions is a ministry of the Government of India in personnel matters specially issues concerning recruitment, training, career development, staff welfare as well as the post-retirement dispensation.

The ministry is also concerned with the process of responsive people-oriented modern administration. Allocation of Business Rules defines the work allotted for the ministry.

Usually, though not always, the ministry is headed by the prime minister, with a minister of state reporting to him.
Trojan.Win32.DNSChanger
Trojan.Win32.DNSChanger is a backdoor trojan that redirects users to various malicious websites through the means of altering the DNS settings of a victim's computer. The malware strain was first discovered by Microsoft Malware Protection Center on December 7, 2006 and later detected by McAfee Labs on April 19, 2009.

Name server
A name server is a computer application that implements a network service for providing responses to queries against a directory service. It translates an often humanly meaningful, text-based identifier to a system-internal, often numeric identification or addressing component. This service is performed by the server in response to a service protocol request.

An example of a name server is the server component of the Domain Name System (DNS), the core namespaces of the Internet. The most important function of DNS servers is the translation (resolution) of human-memorable domain names and hostnames into the corresponding numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, which can be routed in the Internet.
2020–21 Real Sociedad season
The 2020–21 season was the 111th season in the existence of Real Sociedad and the club's 11th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. In addition to the domestic league, Real Sociedad participated in this season's editions of the Copa del Rey, the Supercopa de España, and also participated in the UEFA Europa League. The season covered the period from 20 July 2020 to 30 June 2021, with the late start to the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

This season was the first since 2007–08 without fellow centre-back David Zurutuza who announced his retirement from football after the previous campaign had concluded.

2019–20 Real Sociedad season
The 2019–20 season was Real Sociedad's 73rd season (and the 10th consecutive) in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. In addition to the domestic league, Real Sociedad participates in this season's edition of the Copa del Rey. The season was slated to cover a period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020. It was extended extraordinarily beyond 30 June due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
Shirvan, Lorestan
Shirvan (Persian: شيروان) is a village in Shirvan-e Gharbi Rural District of Shirvan District, Borujerd County, Lorestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. It was the capital of Shirvan Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Khayan.

Shirvan-e Sharqi Rural District
Shirvan-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان شیروان شرقی) is in Shirvan District of Borujerd County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khayan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sharkat Zarayi Shirvan Chafa.
John Hamilton Reynolds
John Hamilton Reynolds (9 September 1794 – 15 November 1852) was an English poet, satirist, critic, and playwright. He was a close friend and correspondent of poet John Keats, whose letters to Reynolds constitute a significant body of Keats' poetic thought. Reynolds was also the brother-in-law of the writer and humorist Thomas Hood, who was married to his sister Jane.

Thomas Hood
Thomas Hood (23 May 1799 – 3 May 1845) was an English poet, author and humorist, best known for poems such as "The Bridge of Sighs" and "The Song of the Shirt". Hood wrote regularly for The London Magazine,  Athenaeum, and Punch. He later published a magazine largely consisting of his own works. Hood, never robust, had lapsed into invalidism by the age of 41 and died at the age of 45. William Michael Rossetti in 1903 called him "the finest English poet" between the generations of Shelley and Tennyson. Hood was the father of the playwright and humorist Tom Hood (1835–1874) and the children's writer Frances Freeling Broderip (1830–1878).
Ville-de-Mont-Royal station
Ville-de-Mont-Royal (French pronunciation: [vil d(ə) mɔ̃ ʁwajal]) is a Réseau express métropolitain (REM) station that opened on 17 November 2025. It is located in Mount Royal, Quebec, about 700 metres (2,300 ft) northwest of Canora station.

The REM station replaced a train station named Mont-Royal, a commuter rail station operated by Exo. It was served by the Deux-Montagnes and Mascouche lines until its closure in 2020.

Mount Royal, Quebec
Mount Royal (French: Mont-Royal [mɔ̃ ʁwajal] ⓘ, officially Town of Mount Royal, French: Ville de Mont-Royal or Ville Mont-Royal, abbreviated TMR, French: VMR) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal, northwest of Downtown Montreal, on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is completely surrounded by the city of Montreal. The population was 20,953 as of the 2021 Canadian census. In 2008, most of the Town of Mount Royal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada, as a "[remarkable] synthesis of urban renewal movements of the early 20th century, reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful, Garden City and Garden Suburb movements". The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012.
Angelic acid
Angelic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid, mostly found in the plants of the family Apiaceae. It is a volatile solid with a biting taste and pungent sour odor. It is the cis isomer of 2-methyl-2-butenoic acid, which easily converts to the trans isomer, tiglic acid, upon heating or reaction with inorganic acids. The reverse transformation occurs much less readily. The salts and esters of angelic acid are called angelates. Angelic acid esters are the active components of herbal medicine used against a wide range of various health disturbances including pains, fever, gout, heartburn, etc.

Tiglic acid
Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid. It is found in croton oil and in several other natural products. It has also been also isolated from the defensive secretion of certain beetles.
Reapers' War
The Reapers' War (Catalan: Guerra dels Segadors, Eastern Catalan: [ˈɡɛrə ðəls səɣəˈðos]; Spanish: Guerra de los Segadores, French: Guerre des faucheurs), also known as the Catalan Revolt or Catalan Revolution, was a conflict that affected the Principality of Catalonia between 1640 and 1659, in the context of the Franco-Spanish War of 1635–1659. Incited by a unrest among the Catalan peasantry and institutions, as well as French diplomatic movements, the war resulted in the establishment of the short-lived Catalan Republic and the subsequent clash of Spanish and French armies on Catalan soil for over a decade.

It had an enduring effect in the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), which ceded the County of Roussillon and the northern half of the County of Cerdanya to France (see French Cerdagne), splitting these northern Catalan territories off from the Principality of Catalonia, and thereby receding the borders of Spain to the Pyrenees.

Treaty of the Pyrenees
The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed on 7 November 1659 and ended the Franco-Spanish War that had begun in 1635.

Negotiations were conducted and the treaty was signed on Pheasant Island, situated in the middle of the Bidasoa River on the border between the two countries, which has remained a French-Spanish condominium ever since. It was signed by Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain, as well as their chief ministers, Cardinal Mazarin and Don Luis Méndez de Haro.
Julián Arcas
Julián Arcas (25 October 1832 – 16 February 1882) was a Spanish classical guitarist and composer, who influenced Francisco Tárrega and Antonio de Torres. He was "one of the most important figures in Spanish music in the 19th century".

Francisco Tárrega
Francisco de Asís Tárrega y Eixea (21 November 1852 – 15 December 1909) was a Spanish composer and classical guitarist of the late Romantic period. He is known for such pieces as Capricho Árabe and Recuerdos de la Alhambra.
Blutec
Blutec Srl is a brand owned by Metec SpA, created in 2014 by acquiring the Italian automotive company Stola, which was founded in Turin in 1919. It is known for having taken over the former FIAT factory in Termini Imerese.

Stola (automotive company)
Stola is an Italian automotive company founded in 1919. From its start it realized concept cars, prototypes and style models, master models and engineering consultancy for some of the biggest manufacturers in the automotive industry.

In 2004 it was acquired by RGZ group, along with subsidiaries: Estival, Tecnocars and Stola do Brasil. By 2014 was sold to Blutec, part of the METEC group. As for 2006 it had more than 3.500 employees. Currently its activities are focused around production of limited edition exclusive cars.
Selina Özuzun Doğan
Selina Özuzun Doğan (born Selina Özuzun in 1977), aka Selina Doğan, is a Turkish politician of Armenian ethnicity who served as a member of the Turkish Parliament, between 2015 and 2018. She became one of the first Armenian members of Turkey’s parliament in decades, alongside Markar Esayan (AKP) and Garo Paylan (HDP).

Garo Paylan
Garo Paylan (Armenian: Կարօ Փայլան, born 1972) is a politician from Turkey and one of the country's leading democracy activists. Paylan was among the few Armenians elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and served for two consecutive terms in 2015–2018 and 2018–2023, representing Istanbul and Diyarbakir. He is a founding member of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and since 2016 was the first Armenian in the history of the Republic of Turkey to publicly discuss the Armenian Genocide of 1915 from the podium of the Turkish parliament. Paylan is recognized for his activism on human rights and minority rights in Turkey and has been the recipient of several awards, including the Grand Vermeil Medal and has been twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
Julia Neilson
Julia Emilie Neilson (12 June 1868 – 27 May 1957) was an English actress best known for her numerous performances as Lady Blakeney in The Scarlet Pimpernel, for her roles in many tragedies and historical romances, and for her portrayal of Rosalind in a long-running production of As You Like It.

After establishing her reputation in a series of plays by W. S. Gilbert in 1888, Neilson joined the company of Herbert Beerbohm Tree, where she remained for five years, meeting her future husband, Fred Terry (brother to actresses Kate, Ellen, Marion and Florence Terry and great uncle of John Gielgud). With Terry, she played in London and on tour for nearly three decades. She was the mother of the actress Phyllis Neilson-Terry and actor Dennis Neilson-Terry.

Dennis Neilson-Terry
Dennis Neilson-Terry (21 October 1895 – 14 July 1932) was a British actor, theatre manager and producer, who starred in a number of films between 1917 and 1932.

He was the son of  the actor Fred Terry and his wife, the actress Julia Neilson. In his early years he had been seen as a rising Shakespearean. After the First World War he specialised, as his parents had done before him, in less demanding roles in ephemeral but popular and profitable plays. While touring in southern Africa with such a repertory he contracted pneumonia and died at the age of 36.
Marjorie Dannenfelser
Marjorie Jones Dannenfelser is an American activist who is the president of the Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America, an American political organization that seeks to advance anti-abortion women in politics. She was brought into the organization as its executive director in 1993, shortly after its founding by Rachel MacNair.

Rachel MacNair
Rachel M. MacNair (born November 4, 1958) is an American sociologist and psychologist who adheres to the consistent life ethic. She is an activist against abortion and war, and has written against the culture of violence and the eating of meat. An expert on veteran psychology, she coined the term "Perpetration-Induced Traumatic Stress" (PITS), a form of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may result from the action of killing. She edited Working for Peace: A Handbook of Practical Psychology. She is also a Quaker, which influences her anti-violence work.

MacNair served for ten years as the president of Feminists for Life, an anti-abortion organization, and she founded the Susan B. Anthony List to help elect anti-abortion politicians. She is a director of the Institute for Integrated Social Analysis, the research arm of the Consistent Life Network.
Nat Langham
Nat Langham (20 May 1820 – 1 September 1871) was an English middleweight bare-knuckle prize fighter. He had the distinction of being the only person ever to beat Thomas Sayers while defending the English middleweight championship.   Langham first took the championship by defeating George Gutteridge on 23 November 1846.  Langham was considered a scientific boxer, and known for using sharp, well-timed blows, particularly with his left, though he was right handed.  He was a 1992 inductee into the International Boxing Hall of Fame and a mentor to the British boxers Tom King and Jem Mace.

Jem Mace
James "Jem" Mace (8 April 1831 – 30 November 1910) was an English boxing champion, primarily during the bare-knuckle era.  He was born at Beeston, Norfolk.  Although nicknamed "The Gypsy", he denied Romani ethnicity in his autobiography.  Fighting in England, at the height of his career between 1860 and 1866, he won the English Welterweight, Heavyweight, and Middleweight Championships and was considered one of the most scientific boxers of the era.  Most impressively, he held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1870 to 1871 while fighting in the United States.
2 Kings 18
2 Kings 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the second part of the  Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the Second Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter records the events during the reign of Hezekiah, the king of Judah, a part of the section comprising 2 Kings 18:1 to 20:21, with a parallel version in Isaiah 36–39.

2 Kings 20
2 Kings 20 is the twentieth chapter of the second part of the  Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the Second Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter records the events during the reign of Hezekiah and Manasseh, the kings of Judah.
Pope John XIX
Pope John XIX (Latin: Ioannes XIX; died October 1032), born Roman of Tusculum, was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1024 to his death. He belonged to the family of the powerful Counts of Tusculum, succeeding his brother, Benedict VIII. Papal relations with the Patriarchate of Constantinople soured during John XIX's pontificate. He was a supporter of Emperor Conrad II and patron of the musician Guido of Arezzo.

Pope Benedict VIII
Pope Benedict VIII (Latin: Benedictus VIII; c. 980 – 9 April 1024) was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 18 May 1012 until 1024. He was born Theophylact of Tusculum to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. Unusually for a medieval pope, he had strong authority both in Rome and abroad.

Theophylact was born to Count Gregory I of Tusculum. The family had already produced three popes: John XI (r. 931–935), John XII (r. 955–964), and Benedict VII (r. 973–974). Theophylact became pope on 18 May 1012 and took the name Benedict VIII.
Farmakonisi
Farmakonisi (Greek: Φαρμακονήσι) is a small Greek island and community of the Dodecanese, in the Aegean Sea, Greece. It lies in the middle between the chain of the Dodecanese islands in the west, and the coast of Asia Minor (Turkey) in the east. To the north of it are the island of Agathonisi, to the west the islands of Leipsoi, Patmos and Leros, and to the south the islands of Kalymnos and Pserimos. It forms part of the municipality of Leros, and had at the 2021 census a population of 21 inhabitants. Prominent historical monuments on the island include the church of Agios Georgios (Greek: Άγιος Γεώργιος) and the nearby ruins of an ancient Roman temple.

The area of Farmakonisi is 1.48 sq mi (3.8 km2).

Leros
Leros (Greek: Λέρος), also called Lero (from the Italian language), is a Greek island and municipality in the Dodecanese in the southern Aegean Sea. It lies 317 kilometres (197 miles; 171 nautical miles) from Athens's port of Piraeus, from which it can be reached by a nine-hour ferry ride or by a 45-minute flight from Athens. It is about 32 kilometres (20 miles) from Turkey. Leros is part of the Kalymnos regional unit. It has a population of 7,992 (2021).
Fitzsimmons Creek
Fitzsimmons Creek is a large creek in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, having its origins at the Fitzsimmons Glacier in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains.  For half its length of approximately 10 kilometres, the creek courses a U-shaped glacial valley which separates two ski mountains of the Whistler Blackcomb resort, Blackcomb to the north and Whistler to the south.

Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a resort municipality in Squamish-Lillooet Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains, approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) north of Vancouver and 36 km (22 mi) south of Pemberton. It has a permanent population of approximately 13,982 (2021), and 3,241 seasonal residents (estimated).

Over two million people visit Whistler annually, primarily for alpine skiing and snowboarding and, in the summer, mountain biking at Whistler Blackcomb. Its pedestrian village has won numerous design awards, and Whistler has been voted among the top destinations in North America by major ski magazines since the mid-1990s. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Whistler hosted most of the alpine, Nordic, luge, skeleton, and bobsled events.