hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vincent Smith (politician)
Vincent George Smith (born 18 July 1960) is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2019. In 2020, he was indicted on fraud and corruption charges emanating from his tenure as chairperson of the Portfolio Committee on Correctional Services from 2009 to 2014. He is accused of having accepted bribes from Bosasa, a major contractor of the Department of Correctional Services.

Smith rose to political prominence as deputy chairperson of the ANC's large regional branch in Johannesburg, an office he held from 1995 to 2004. One of the ANC's most active legislators, he was a key figure in the Standing Committee of Public Accounts during its investigation into the 1999 Arms Deal, including as ANC whip from 2002 to 2004. He also played a central role in the ANC's move to amend the Constitution to permit land expropriation without compensation.

Bosasa
Bosasa was a South African company specialising in providing services to government, most notably correctional services. It consisted of Bosasa Group, Bosasa Youth Development Centres, and African Global Operations (formerly Bosasa Operations). The company was liquidated in 2019 after whistleblower Angelo Agrizzi revealed the malfeasance in prolonged scandal about its allegedly corrupt relationship with members of the governing African National Congress (ANC), and Democratic Alliance (DA) aired during the Zondo Commission of Inquiry.
Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was first identified in 1973 as the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) before discovery that p75NTR bound other neurotrophins equally well as nerve growth factor. p75NTR is a neurotrophic factor receptor. Neurotrophic factor receptors bind Neurotrophins including Nerve growth factor, Neurotrophin-3, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Neurotrophin-4. All neurotrophins bind to p75NTR. This also includes the immature pro-neurotrophin forms. Neurotrophic factor receptors, including p75NTR, are responsible for ensuring a proper density to target ratio of developing neurons, refining broader maps in development into precise connections. p75NTR is involved in pathways that promote neuronal survival and neuronal death.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (Bdnf), or abrineurin, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene. BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, which are related to the canonical nerve growth factor (NGF), a family which also includes NT-3 and NT-4/NT-5. Neurotrophic factors are found in the brain and the periphery. BDNF was first isolated from a pig brain in 1982 by Yves-Alain Barde and Hans Thoenen.

BDNF activates the TrkB tyrosine kinase receptor.
Vajrakaya
Vajrakaya is a 2015 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by A. Harsha. It stars Shiva Rajkumar, Nabha Natesh and Karunya Ram in the lead roles, Avinash, Ravi Kale and Suman form the supporting cast.

A. Harsha
A. Harsha (born 24 August 1980) is a choreographer turned film director, who works primarily in Kannada cinema in both capacities. His directorial works include Bhajarangi (2013), Vajrakaya (2015), Anjani Putra (2017), Bhajarangi 2 (2021), and Vedha (2022). He made his Telugu cinema debut with Bhimaa (2024) and his Hindi cinema debut with Baaghi 4 (2025).
Bud, Norway
Bud is a fishing village in Hustadvika Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county in western Norway. The village is located on the Romsdal peninsula along the Atlanterhavsveien road, west of the village of Hustad, north of the village of Tornes, and east of the Bjørnsund islands. Bud Church is located in the village.

The 0.75-square-kilometre (190-acre) village has a population (2024) of 802 and a population density of 1,069 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,770/sq mi).

The village was the administrative centre of the old Bud Municipality, which existed from 1838 until 1964 when it was merged into Fræna Municipality. The old municipality encompassed the northwestern part of the present-day Hustadvika Municipality.

Hustadvika Municipality
Hustadvika is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the traditional districts of Nordmøre and Romsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Elnesvågen. Other villages in the municipality include Hustad, Bud, Tornes, Sylte, Malme, Aureosen, Eide, Lyngstad, Vevang, and Visnes.

The 522-square-kilometre (202 sq mi) municipality is the 202nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hustadvika Municipality is the 92nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,437. The municipality's population density is 25.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (67/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.
R. Radhakrishnan (politician, born 1971)
R. Radhakrishnan (born 9 June 1971) is an Indian member of parliament (MP) and former speaker of the Union Territory of Puducherry assembly from 2006 to 2011. He is a member of the All India N R Congress (AINRC) and represents Puducherry constituency in the Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2019.

All India N. R. Congress
The All India N. R. Congress (abbr. AINRC) is a regional political party formed by the  Chief Minister of Puducherry, N. Rangaswamy in the Indian union territory of Puducherry. He announced the party formation on 7 February 2011 in the party's head office in Pondicherry as a breakaway from the Indian National Congress. It contested the 2011 elections by allying with AIADMK and won the majority. Since 2014, it is part of the National Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The NDA alliance won the majority in the 2021 elections and is currently the ruling party of the union territory.

The party's official website states expansion of "N. R." in the party's name as 'நமது ராஜ்ஜியம்' (Namatu rājjiyam, lit. 'our rule'). These letters are also the initials of the party founder N. Rangasamy. The party's official motto is Simplicity, Fairness and Transparency.
Battles (band)
Battles is an American experimental rock duo formed in 2002 in New York City by Ian Williams (formerly of Don Caballero and Storm & Stress). The current line-up is composed of guitarist/keyboardist Williams and drummer John Stanier (formerly of Helmet, Tomahawk and The Mark of Cain). Former members include composer/vocalist Tyondai Braxton and guitarist/bassist Dave Konopka. The band has released four studio albums to date, with the most recent Juice B Crypts being released in 2019.

The band is highly regarded by critics, particularly for their work from the mid-2000s to the 2010s, as well as integrating Avant-garde and experimental electronic influences. In 2007, Pitchfork wrote that "Battles have done more to extend the idea of a flesh-and-blood band enhanced by computer technology than anyone since the late, lamented Disco Inferno."

Tyondai Braxton
Tyondai Adaien Braxton (born October 26, 1978) is an American composer and musician. He has composed and performed music under his own name and collaboratively since the mid-1990s, including in the experimental rock group Battles from its formation in 2002 until his departure from the group in 2010.
Old Mission, Michigan
Old Mission is an unincorporated community in Grand Traverse County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Peninsula Township, and is located about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the tip of the Old Mission Peninsula, along the shore of the East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay. As an unincorporated community, Old Mission has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own.

Old Mission is one of the oldest communities in Northern Michigan, and is the oldest permanent settlement in the Grand Traverse Bay region, founded in 1839 by Presbyterian missionary Peter Dougherty. The Old Mission Peninsula today is known largely for its cherry crop, which is also attributed to Dougherty.

Peninsula Township, Michigan
Peninsula Township is a civil township of Grand Traverse County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The township had a population of 6,068 at the 2020 census, an increase from 5,433 at the 2010 census.

Peninsula Township is coterminous with (has the same dimensions as) the Old Mission Peninsula, which projects about 17 miles (27 km) north from its base in Traverse City into Grand Traverse Bay, an arm of Lake Michigan. The peninsula divides the Grand Traverse Bay into an East Arm and West Arm. The peninsula is well known for its cherry harvest and viticulture, and is included in the Old Mission Peninsula AVA, a federally recognized viticultural region. At the northern tip of the peninsula is Mission Point Light, which lies just south of the 45th parallel north.

Also part of Peninsula Township is Power Island, a small island in the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay.
Lambshouse and Gull Point Quarry
Lambshouse and Gull Point Quarries are two disused slate quarries between Tintagel and Trebarwith at Lambshouse Cove on the north coast of Cornwall, South West England. The quarries were latterly worked jointly as one site and were abandoned by the turn of the 20th century. It is likely that Lambshouse Quarry originated at the cliffs at the north of the cove while Gull Point was to the south.

Tintagel Slate Quarries
Tintagel Slate Quarries fall into two categories: the series of quarries lying between Tintagel Castle and Trebarwith Strand on the north coast of Cornwall, South West England and the open cast quarries further inland. There are around eight cliff-edge quarries as well as two wharfs, all of which are now disused as well as four inland sites, two of which are still in operation. The first quarry to be worked appears to have been Lanterdan at some point in the fifteenth century, while the last of the coastal quarries, Long Grass ceased operations in 1937. The remains of the coastal quarries occupy coastal land owned by the National Trust and most are easily accessible from the South West Coast Path. The Prince of Wales Quarry has been turned into a country park by North Cornwall District Council.
Todrick Hall
Todrick Hall (born April 4, 1985) is an American singer, rapper, choreographer, and YouTuber. He gained national attention on the ninth season of the televised singing competition American Idol. Following this, he amassed a following on YouTube with original songs, parodies, and skits. A documentary series about his video-making process titled Todrick aired on MTV in 2015.

Starting with season eight, Hall became a resident choreographer and occasional judge on RuPaul's Drag Race. From 2016 to 2017, Hall starred as Lola in Kinky Boots on Broadway. Later in 2017, he began appearances as Billy Flynn in Chicago on Broadway and in the West End. He also appeared as Ogie in Waitress on Broadway in 2019.

Hall has released four studio albums, including the visual albums Straight Outta Oz (2016) and Forbidden (2018). In 2020, he released an EP, Quarantine Queen, and was the international host of Global Pride 2020.

Straight Outta Oz
Straight Outta Oz is the second solo studio album and original musical, written and produced by American singer-songwriter and YouTube celebrity Todrick Hall with music produced by Jeeve Ducornet and wiidope, released on 23 June 2016. Featured artists include Nicole Scherzinger, Jordin Sparks, Perez Hilton, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Amber Riley, Raven-Symoné and Tamar Braxton. It is based on the Wizard of Oz whilst being a semi-autobiographical account of his rise to fame in Los Angeles (Oz).
Sofokleous Street
Sofokleous Street (Greek: Οδός Σοφοκλέους, Odos Sofokleous) is a street in the downtown part of Athens, the Greek capital. It is named after the ancient Greek tragedian Sophocles. The street runs from Pireos Street and ends short from Stadiou Street at Pesmazoglou Street and Aristeidou Street. Until 2007 the Athens Stock Exchange was located in this street, near Aiolou Street on the north side. Further north lies Kotzia Square. The street is approximately 600 m long.

The nearest metro stations are Panepistimio and Omonia.

Peiraios Street
Peiraios Street (Greek: Οδός Πειραιώς, Odos Peiraios) is a main road in Athens, Greece, linking the center of the city with the port of Piraeus. The island areas of the road are lined with trees, and historically the avenue runs over parts of the north wall and ancient road of Phaleron. It is 10 km  long passes and though Central Athens, the suburban town of Moschato, and northern Tavros.

Peiraios Street is numbered EO56 in the Greek system of National Roads.  Major intersections and an interchange include:

Karaoli Dimitriou Street

Kifissou Avenue

the Konstantinopouleos Avenue junction

Apostolou Pavlou Street with Vasileiou tou Megalou

Ermou

Thermopylon Street

Sofokleous Street

Deligiorgi Street

Sokratous Street
St Catherine's Church, Fivehead
The Church of St Catherine in Swell Lane, Fivehead, Somerset, England dates from the 12th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

It has a three-bay nave and two bay chancel. The vane is supported by buttresses. The door in the south porch has a Norman, Romanesque chevron arch.

The six bells were restored in 2007. The interior includes a Norman font and has a Jacobean pulpit from 1634.

The church is adjacent to Swell Court Farmhouse which is also Grade I listed. In the churchyard are two chest tombs, one dated 1619, which are also listed buildings.

The parish is within the benefice of Curry Rivel with Fivehead and Swell which is part of the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

Fivehead
Fivehead is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the Fivehead River, 8 miles (12.9 km) east of Taunton. In 2011 the parish, which includes the hamlet of Swell, had a population of 609.
Bar Yochai (song)
"Bar Yochai" (Hebrew: בַּר יוֹחַאי) is a kabbalistic piyyut (poem or hymn) extolling the spiritual attainments of Simeon bar Yochai, the purported author of the preeminent kabbalistic work, the Zohar. Composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Shimon Lavi, a Sephardi Hakham and kabbalist in Tripoli, Libya, it is the most prominent and popular kabbalistic hymn, being sung by Jewish communities around the world. The hymn is sung by Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews alike on Lag BaOmer, the Yom Hillula (festival day) of bar Yochai, and is also sung during synagogue services and at the Shabbat evening meal by certain groups. Incorporating expressions from the Tanakh, rabbinical commentaries, and the Zohar, the hymn displays its author's own mastery of Torah and kabbalah. According to Isaac Ratzabi, the song's use of "bar Yochai" (rather than "ben Yochai," the patronymic used by Talmudic texts) is the probable reason for "bar Yochai"'s modern ubiquity.

Lag BaOmer
Lag BaOmer (Hebrew: לַ״ג בָּעוֹמֶר‎, LaG Bāʿōmer), also Lag B'Omer or Lag LaOmer, is a Jewish religious holiday celebrated on the 33rd day of the Counting of the Omer, which occurs on the 18th day of the Hebrew month of Iyar.

According to some of the Rishonim, it is the day on which the plague that killed Rabbi Akiva's 24,000 disciples came to an end, and for this reason the mourning period of the Counting of the Omer concludes on Lag BaOmer in many communities.

According to modern kabbalah, this day is the Hillula of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai or the anniversary of his death. According to a late medieval tradition, Simeon ben Yochai is buried in Meron, and this association has spawned several well-known customs and practices on Lag BaOmer, including the lighting of bonfires and pilgrimages to Meron.

Additionally, in modern-day Israel, the holiday also serves to commemorate the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Romans.
Karnasuvarna
Karnasuvarna or Karnasubarna (Bengali : কর্ণসুবর্ণ or কানসোনা, lit. "Golden-Ear"/ "Gold-Ear") was an ancient city, located in the present day Berhampore CD block in the Berhampore subdivision of Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. It was the capital of Gauda Kingdom.

Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.
Capital punishment in New Zealand
Capital punishment – the process of sentencing convicted offenders to death for the most serious crimes (capital crimes) and carrying out that sentence, as ordered by a legal system – first appeared in New Zealand in a codified form when New Zealand became a British colony in 1840. It was first carried out with a public hanging in Victoria Street, Auckland in 1842, while the last execution occurred in 1957 at Mount Eden Prison, also in Auckland.  In total, 85 people have been lawfully executed in New Zealand.

Capital punishment was first abolished for murder in 1941 by the First Labour Government, with all death sentences commuted to life imprisonment. However, the succeeding First National Government reinstated it in 1949, following which eight more executions took place in the period up to 1957. Subsequently, public opinion turned against the use of capital punishment, and it was once again abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished for all crimes, including treason, in 1989.

Life imprisonment in New Zealand
Life imprisonment has been the most severe criminal sentence in New Zealand since the death penalty was abolished in 1989, having not been used since 1957.

Offenders sentenced to life imprisonment must serve a minimum of 10 years imprisonment before they are eligible for parole, although the sentencing judge may set a longer minimum period or decline to set a minimum period at all (meaning the offender will spend the rest of their life in prison). Released offenders remain on parole and are subject to electronic tagging for the rest of their life.

Life imprisonment in New Zealand for crimes other than murder is relatively rare. Of 941 life sentences imposed since 1980, only seven have been for crimes other than murder – one for manslaughter in 1996, one for an act of terrorism in 2020, and five for drug offences in 1985, 1996, 2008 (two) and 2009.
John M. Corse
John Murray Corse (April 27, 1835 – April 27, 1893) was an American politician and soldier who served as a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He was a staff officer during the liberation of the Upper Mississippi, and then served in the front line at Corinth and Vicksburg, being promoted to brigadier general. He is chiefly remembered for his stubborn defense of the Allatoona Pass in October 1864 against superior numbers, despite being seriously wounded, while Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman signalled a message which was turned into a popular ballad Hold the fort, for I am coming.

Battle of Allatoona
The Battle of Allatoona, also known as the Battle of Allatoona Pass, was fought October 5, 1864, in Bartow County, Georgia, and was the first major engagement of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. A Confederate division under Maj. Gen. Samuel G. French attacked a Union garrison under Brig. Gen. John M. Corse, but was unable to dislodge it from its fortified position protecting the railroad through Allatoona Pass.
Hartford Wolf Pack
The Hartford Wolf Pack are a professional ice hockey team based in Hartford, Connecticut. A member of the American Hockey League (AHL), they play their home games at the PeoplesBank Arena. The team was established in 1926 as the Providence Reds. After a series of relocations, the team moved to Hartford in 1997 as the Hartford Wolf Pack. It is one of the oldest professional hockey franchises in existence, and the oldest continuously operating minor league hockey franchise in North America.

The franchise was renamed the Connecticut Whale in October 2010, in honor of the former Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League (NHL), but reverted to their current name after the 2012–13 AHL season. The Wolf Pack is the top affiliate of the NHL's  New York Rangers and is one of the three professional hockey teams in Connecticut.

Hartford Whalers
The Hartford Whalers were a professional ice hockey team based for most of its 25-year existence in Hartford, Connecticut. The club played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 until 1979, and in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1997.

Originally based in Boston, they were charter members of the WHA, known as the New England Whalers for all seven seasons. After their second season, the team moved one hundred miles (160 km) southwest to Hartford in April 1974; five years later, the Whalers joined the NHL in the 1979 NHL–WHA merger and were renamed the "Hartford Whalers" because the Boston Bruins did not want to share a geographical market with the team.

After 25 years in New England, the franchise relocated to North Carolina in 1997 and became the Carolina Hurricanes.
Paul Farthing
William Dudley Paul Farthing (April 12, 1887 – December 2, 1976) was an American jurist who served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1933 until 1942 and on the Illinois Court of Claims from 1950 until 1954. Before this, he served as a St. Clair County Circuit Court from  1930 until 1933. Farthing was blind for most of his life, having loss his eyesight in a hunting accident at the age of twelve.

In 1949, President Harry Truman short-listed him as a possible nominee for the United States Supreme Court.

Supreme Court of Illinois
The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the judiciary of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Absent mid-term vacancy, each justice is elected for a term of ten years, which may be renewed and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.
Nyanga, Western Cape
Nyanga is a township in the Western Cape, South Africa. Its name in Xhosa means "moon" and it is one of the oldest black townships in Cape Town. In 1948, Athlone was declared a coloured-area, resulting in the forced removal of black residents, who were forced to settle in Nyanga near Langa.

Nyanga is situated 20 km (12 mi) from Cape Town along the N2 highway, close to the Cape Town International Airport and next to the townships of Gugulethu and Crossroads.

Athlone, Cape Town
Athlone is a suburb of Cape Town located to the east of the city centre on the Cape Flats, south of the N2 highway. Two of the suburb's main landmarks are Athlone Stadium and the decommissioned coal-burning Athlone Power Station. Athlone is mainly residential and is served by a railway station of the same name. It however includes industrial (Athlone Industria 1 & 2) and commercial zones (Athlone CBD and Gatesville). There are many "sub-areas" within Athlone, including Gatesville, Rylands, Belgravia Estate, Bridgetown and Hazendal. Colloquially other areas around Athlone are also often included in the greater Athlone area even though the City of Cape Town might classify them as separate neighborhoods such as Rondebosch East, Crawford, and Manenberg.