hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Reynolds number
In magnetohydrodynamics, the magnetic Reynolds number (Rm) is a dimensionless quantity that estimates the relative effects of advection or induction of a magnetic field by the motion of a conducting medium to the magnetic diffusion. It is the magnetic analogue of the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics and is typically defined by:

where

is a typical velocity of the flow,

is a typical length scale of the flow,

is the magnetic diffusivity.

The mechanism by which the motion of a conducting fluid generates a magnetic field is the subject of dynamo theory.  When the magnetic Reynolds number is very large, however, diffusion and the dynamo are less of a concern, and in this case
focus instead often rests on the influence of the magnetic field on the flow.

Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD; also called magneto-fluid dynamics or hydro­magnetics) is a model of electrically conducting fluids that treats all types of charged particles together as one continuous fluid. It is primarily concerned with the low-frequency, large-scale, magnetic behavior in plasmas and liquid metals and has applications in multiple fields including space physics, geophysics, astrophysics, and engineering.
Peter Rodsteen
Peter Rodsteen (22 June 1662 – 22 October 1714) was a Danish nobleman, government official and landowner. He served as diocesan governor of Aalborg and president of the Danish Admiralty. In 1703, he was created Baron of Constantinsborg.

Constantinsborg
Constantinsborg is a manor in Aarhus Municipality, Denmark which has existed since at least 1400. It is situated on the southern shore of Årslev Engsø, a newly created nature reserve and shallow lake extension of Brabrand Lake, in Viby J 10 km. south-west of Aarhus. The manor and estate are privately owned today and ran as a farm. Constantinsborg was originally known as Stadsgaard but was later renamed after Constantin Marselis who owned the estate in the 1600s. In the 1800s the Pontoppidan family owned the estate and came to have a large impact on Danish agriculture and the transformation of the Jutland moors into agricultural land. The current main manor building was constructed in the early 1800s while adjoining farm buildings date back to 1870 and the 20th century.
Andrew Jones (historian)
Andrew Jones (born 1944) is a British historian of nineteenth century British politics.

Jones was a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge from 1969 until 1971. In 1971 he was appointed lecturer in history at the University of Reading. In 1972, he published a study of the high-political circumstances surrounding the Representation of the People Act 1884, The Politics of Reform 1884. In this, Jones received editorial assistance and personal encouragement from Maurice Cowling, acknowledging that without his earlier study of the Representation of the People Act 1867, "the structure of the present work would have been much different". The Politics of Reform was praised by Michael Bentley as "masterly" and "an eloquent, precisely-mouthed challenge to those who would try to make of history something it is not", and used by A.B. Cooke and John Vincent while preparing The Governing Passion, their own high-political account of the Government of Ireland Bill 1886.

Maurice Cowling
Maurice John Cowling (6 September 1926 – 24 August 2005) was a British historian. A fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, for most of his career, Cowling was a leading conservative exponent of the 'high politics' approach to political history.
Purr Machine
Purr Machine are an American electro-industrial group based in Los Angeles, California, and comprising guitarist Kirk Hellie, bassist Kevin Kipnis and vocalist Betsy Martin. They band were known for their atmospheric blend of electronica, gothic music and industrial rock. With Kevin Kipnis serving as their main songwriter and programmer, Purr Machine released Speak Clearly and Ging Ging respectively in 1999 and 2000 for Re-Constriction Records. Purr Machine's second studio album Starry was released in 2007 by No Bliss Lost Records.

Re-Constriction Records
Re-Constriction Records was a division of Cargo Music based in California. The label was founded in 1992 and headed by Chase, who previously was the music director at KCR, a student radio station on the campus of San Diego State University. They specialized in releasing bands belonging to the industrial, aggrotech, and EBM genres.

After the label folded, Chase worked for Access Communications for 14 years in video game-related public relations, including helping to launch Twitch in 2011. In May 2013, he took a staff job at Twitch overseeing all of their PR efforts. In 2019, he left Twitch  and soon joined StreamElements.
Republican Left (Italy)
The Republican Left (Italian: Sinistra Repubblicana, SR) was a social-liberal political party in Italy.

In January 1994 Giorgio La Malfa returned to the leadership of the Italian Republican Party (PRI), replacing Giorgio Bogi, and the party's national council decided to leave Democratic Alliance (AD) – of which the PRI had been a founding member – and to enter the Pact for Italy coalition. Therefore Bogi, Giuseppe Ayala, Libero Gualtieri and others left the PRI and launched the "Republican Left", which continued to be part of AD and joined the larger Alliance of Progressives.

In February 1998 the SR was merged, along with the Labour Federation, the Social Christians, the Unitarian Communists, the Reformists for Europe and the Democratic Federation, into the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), thus founding the Democrats of the Left (DS). After that, the SR became an internal faction within the DS.

Democrats of the Left
The Democrats of the Left (Italian: Democratici di Sinistra, DS) was a social-democratic political party in Italy. Positioned on the centre-left, the DS, successor of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and the Italian Communist Party, was formed in 1998 upon the merger of the PDS with several minor parties. A member of The Olive Tree coalition, the DS was successively led by Massimo D'Alema, Walter Veltroni, and Piero Fassino, and merged with Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy and a number of minor centre-left parties to form the Democratic Party in October 2007.
USS Sea Leopard
USS Sea Leopard (SS-483), a Tench-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the leopard seal.  Her keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard on 7 November 1944. She was launched on 2 March 1945 sponsored by Hon. Margaret Chase Smith, United States Congresswoman from Maine, and commissioned on 11 June 1945.

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS), often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard, is a United States Navy shipyard on Seavey's Island in Kittery, Maine, bordering Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The naval yard lies along the southern boundary of Maine on the Piscataqua River.

Founded on June 12, 1800, PNS is the U.S. Navy's oldest continuously operating shipyard. Today, most of its work concerns the overhaul, repair, and modernization of submarines.

As of November 2021, the shipyard employed more than 6,500 federal employees. Some of the work is performed by private corporations: Delphinius Engineering of Eddystone, Pennsylvania; Oceaneering International of Chesapeake, Virginia; Orbis Sibro of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina; and Q.E.D. Systems Inc. of Virginia Beach, Virginia.
William Walcot
William Walcot RE (10 March 1874 – 21 May 1943) was a Russian-Scottish architect, graphic artist and etcher, notable as a practitioner of refined Art Nouveau (Style Moderne) in Moscow, Russia (as Вильям Францевич Валькот). His trademark Lady's Head keystone ornament became the easily recognisable symbol of Russian Style Moderne. In 1920s–1930s, he concentrated on graphic art and was praised as "the best architectural draftsman" in London.

Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers
The Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers (RE), known until 1991 as the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers, is a leading art institution based in London, England.  The Royal Society of Painter-Etchers, as it was originally styled, was a society of etchers established in London in 1880 and given a Royal Charter in 1888. Engraving was included within the scope of the Society from 1897, wood-engraving from 1920, coloured original prints from 1957, lithography from 1987 and all forms of creative forward-thinking original printmaking from 1990. The Society is in the process of refining its name to the Royal Society of Printmakers to both mirror and reflect the universality of original forms of creative expression within all forms, approaches and techniques across both traditional and contemporary printmaking.
Keith E. Sonderling
Keith E. Sonderling (born November 25, 1982) is an American lawyer and government official. He has served as the 38th United States Deputy Secretary of Labor, the acting director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services, and the Acting Under Secretary of United States Department of Commerce Minority Business Development Authority since 2025, during President Donald Trump's second term. From 2020 to 2024, he served as commissioner of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.  From 2017 to 2020, he served as the deputy and acting administrator of the Wage and Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor. Before government service, he was a shareholder at Gunster, Yoakley & Stewart in West Palm Beach, Florida.

United States Deputy Secretary of Labor
The United States deputy secretary of labor is the second-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Labor. In the United States federal government, the deputy secretary oversees the day-to-day operation of the Department of Labor, and may act as secretary of labor during the absence of the secretary. The deputy secretary is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate and the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee.
Keith Sonderling was confirmed on March 13, 2025 to the position.
Six Bells
Six Bells (Welsh: Chwe Chloch) is an electoral ward and neighbourhood in Abertillery, Blaenau Gwent, Wales. It was originally a village that grew up around the local coal mines. The ward elects two county councillors to Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council.

Abertillery
Abertillery (/ˌæbərtɪˈlɛəri/; Welsh: Abertyleri) is a town and community in Blaenau Gwent County Borough, Wales. It is located in the Ebbw Fach valley, and the historic county of Monmouthshire.

The surrounding landscape borders the Brecon Beacons National Park and the Blaenavon World heritage Site. Formerly a major coal mining centre the Abertillery area was transformed in the 1990s using EU and other funding to return to a greener environment.

Situated on the A467 the town is 15 miles (24 km) north of the M4 and 5 miles (8 km) south of the A465 "Heads of the Valleys" trunk road. It is about 25 miles (40 km) by road from Cardiff and 47 miles (76 km) from Bristol.

According to the 2011 Census, 4.8% of the ward's 4,416 (212 residents) resident-population can speak, read, and write Welsh. This is below the county's figure of 5.5% of 67,348 (3,705 residents) who can speak, read, and write Welsh.
Sieben Berge
The Sieben Berge ("Seven Hills") are a ridge of hills up to 395 m above sea level (NN) in the Lower Saxon Hills in the district of Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, Germany. Together with the Vorberge and the Sackwald the Sieben Berge belong to the geological formation of the Sackmulde.

They are famous as a result of the fairy tale, Snow White.

Vorberge
The Vorberge ("fore-hills" or "foothills") are a ridge, up to 353 m above sea level (NN) high, in the Lower Saxon Hills and within the district of  Hildesheim in the German state of Lower Saxony. Together with the Sieben Berge and the Sackwald, the Vorberge belong to the geological formation of the Sackmulde.
Jēkabpils
Jēkabpils (Latvian: [ˈjeːkapːils] ⓘ) is a state city in Jēkabpils Municipality in southeastern Latvia, located roughly halfway between the capital Riga and Daugavpils, and spanning the Daugava River. It is a state city (although without a separate municipal government), and is the seat of Jēkabpils Municipality. The name of the city literally translates into "Castle of Jacob".

Historic Jēkabpils lies on the left bank, in Selonia, while the historic Krustpils (German: Kreutzburg) lies on the right bank, in Latgale. The two cities were united during the Soviet rule in 1962 under the Jēkabpils name, but retain their distinct regional character.

Jēkabpils was also formerly home to the Soviet Jēkabpils Air Base.

Jēkabpils Municipality
Jēkabpils Municipality (Latvian: Jēkabpils novads) is a municipality in Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Ābeļi Parish, Dignāja Parish, Dunava Parish, Kalna Parish, Leimaņi Parish, Rubene Parish and Zasa Parish. During the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous Jēkabpils Municipality was merged with Aknīste Municipality, Krustpils Municipality, Sala Municipality and Viesīte Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the pre-2009 Jēkabpils district.

The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Jēkabpils. From 2009 to 2021, the city was also a separate first-level municipality (republican city) at the same time.

In 2020, the population of the municipality was 4,156. In 2024, the total population was 39,276. It borders Lithuania.
Marvel Next
Marvel Next was a short lived imprint that was launched by the American comics publisher Marvel Comics in early 2005. Marvel's press release stated that Marvel Next was "not a new line or imprint" but rather "a collection of titles" intended to "spotlight young characters." Like the Tsunami imprint before it, it aimed to attract young readers. Marvel Next titles carried a "Marvel Next" tag on the cover, but not always in the typical imprint location near the regular Marvel logo. The title may have been an attempt to appeal to or identify with Generation Next.

The titles were set in the Marvel Universe and most of them (Araña: The Heart of the Spider, Young Avengers, Runaways and Amazing Fantasy) had connections to pre-existing titles, taking advantage of settings, characters and events from previous stories.

Anya Corazon
Aña "Anya" Sofia Corazón (surname alternatively shown without diacritic, Corazon, over the years) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Marvel editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, writer Fiona Avery, and artist Mark Brooks, the character made her first appearance in Amazing Fantasy #1 (August 2004). She is the Latina daughter of a Puerto Rican father and a Mexican mother. Corazón was the first Marvel character to adopt the identity Araña (Spider), before becoming Spider-Girl (Young Allies #5, October 2010). She is the third Spider-Girl published by Marvel, and the first to appear in the mainstream Marvel universe.

Anya Corazón / Spider-Girl made her cinematic debut in the animated Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023), and is played by Isabela Merced in Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) film Madame Web (2024).
Fiat Fiorino
The Fiat Fiorino is a small commercial vehicle produced by the Italian car manufacturer Fiat since 1977. Its first two generations have been the panel van derivatives of other small models, such as the Fiat 127 and Fiat Uno, while the current third generation was developed jointly with PSA Peugeot Citroën (both of which merged into Stellantis), and is based on the Fiat Small platform.

The current generation, the Sevel LAV, is also built with a passenger body style, as the Fiat Qubo, and is marketed along with its rebadged versions, the Citroën Nemo and the Peugeot Bipper. It is positioned below the Fiat Doblò, the Citroën Berlingo, and the Peugeot Partner, in each manufacturer's model line up.

The name comes from the fiorino d'oro, an old Italian coin normally translated into English as the Florin.

Fiat 147
The Fiat 147 was a three-door hatchback subcompact car produced by Fiat in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais from autumn 1976 until 1987, when it was replaced by the Fiat Uno. It was the Brazilian variant of the Fiat 127. Some were also built by Sevel in Argentina (where later models were named Fiat Spazio, Brío and Vivace) until 1996, and assembly also took place in Colombia, Uruguay and Venezuela. It is notable for being the first modern car to use ethanol as fuel instead of petrol.
Nestašni dečaci
Nestašni dečaci (Wild boys) is a compilation album by Serbian new wave band Bulevar, released by PGP RTS in 2008 as a part of the PGP RTS Retrologija series. The album consists of the remastered versions of the band second single, "Nestašni dečaci" ("Wild boys"), and both studio albums, Loš i mlad (Bad and young) and Mala noćna panika (A little night panic).

Loš i mlad
Loš i mlad (Bad and young) is the first studio album by the Serbian new wave band Bulevar, released by PGP RTB in 1981. The album was remastered and released on CD in 2006 on the compilation album Nestašni dečaci by PGP RTS, the successor of PGP RTB.
Mill (currency)
The mill (American English) or mil (Commonwealth English, except Canada) is a unit of currency, used in several countries as one-thousandth of the base unit. It is symbolized as ₥ (U+20A5 ₥ MILL SIGN).

In the United States, it is a notional unit equivalent to a thousandth of a United States dollar (a hundredth of a dime or a tenth of a cent). In the United Kingdom, it was proposed during the decades of discussion on decimalisation as a 1⁄1000 division of the pound sterling. While this system was never adopted in the United Kingdom, the currencies of some British or formerly British territories did adopt it, such as the Palestine pound and the Maltese lira.

The term comes from the Latin "millesimum", meaning "thousandth part".

Dime (United States coin)
The dime, in United States usage, is a ten-cent coin, one tenth of a United States dollar, labeled formally as "one dime". The denomination was first authorized by the Coinage Act of 1792.

The dime is the smallest in diameter and is the thinnest of all U.S. coins currently minted for circulation, being 0.705 inches (17.91 millimeters) in diameter and 0.053 in (1.35 mm) in thickness. The obverse of the current dime depicts the profile of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the reverse has an olive branch, a torch, and an oak branch, from left to right respectively.

The word dime comes from the Old French disme (Modern French dîme), meaning "tithe" or "tenth part", from the Latin decima [pars]. The dime is currently the only United States coin in general circulation that is not denominated in terms of dollars or cents. As of 2024, the dime cost 5.76 cents to produce.
NRW-Liga
The Nordrhein-Westfalen-Liga (North Rhine-Westphalia League; NRW-Liga) was the highest football league in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) from 2008 to 2012. It was one of the eleven Oberliga groups in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system.

With the reorganisation of the German league system in 2012, the NRW-Liga was disbanded once more as the Regionalliga West above it would then only contain clubs from North Rhine-Westphalia. The league was replaced by the three regional leagues, the Mittelrheinliga, Niederrheinliga and Oberliga Westfalen at this level.

Oberliga Westfalen
The Oberliga Westfalen is the highest level football league in the region of Westphalia, which is part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The league existed from 1978 to 2008, but was then replaced by the NRW-Liga, a new statewide league. With the reform of the league system in 2012, which reduced the Regionalliga West  to clubs from North Rhine-Westphalia only and disbanded the NRW-Liga below it, the Oberliga Westfalen was reintroduced as the highest tier in the region and the fifth level overall in Germany. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system.
Point Parker
Point Parker is an isolated place in Queensland on the shores of the Gulf of Carpentaria opposite Allen Island and south of Mornington Island.  The point is distinctive as the coast turns at roughly a right angle at this location.

Allen Island, Queensland
Allen Island, also known as Allens Island or Allen's Island, is one of the South Wellesley Islands, in Queensland's Gulf of Carpentaria.  It was named by Matthew Flinders after John Allen, a Derbyshire miner who was a member of the party of naturalists that accompanied the 1801–1803 voyage of HMS Investigator under Flinders. Flinders landed a party of botanists on the island on 20 November 1802 to search for plants.

It is notable for being directly east of Point Parker, the proposed northern terminus of a still-born land grant railway from Charleville. Point Parker, though a prominent feature, is not always labelled on maps.
WOLF (AM)
WOLF (1490 kHz) is a commercial sports radio formatted broadcast AM radio station licensed to Syracuse, New York, serving the Syracuse metropolitan area. The station is owned by Craig Fox, who also owns several other radio and low-power TV stations in the state of New York. The WOLF broadcast license is held by WOLF Radio, Inc. The station is also simulcast on FM translator W223CP at 92.5 FM, on the FM6 service of WVOA-LD at 87.75 FM, and in Fulton, New York, on WOSW 1300 AM and its FM translator, W253BZ at 98.5 FM.

WOSW
WOSW (1300 AM) is a radio station licensed to Fulton, New York, United States. The station serves the northern suburbs of the Syracuse area. WOSW is owned by Craig Fox's Wolf Radio, through licensee Foxfur Communications, LLC.
Sylacauga marble
Sylacauga marble, also commonly known as Alabama marble, is a marble that is found in a belt running through Talladega County, Alabama. It is prized for its pure white color and its crystalline structure. The stone is named after the town of Sylacauga, Alabama, which is sometimes called "the Marble City". Sylacauga marble has been called the "world's whitest". Discovered in 1814, it has been mined for over 160 years, and is used for building, sculpture, and industry. The Alabama Legislature passed Act 755 on September 12, 1969, which made this marble the state's official rock.

Sylacauga, Alabama
Sylacauga is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 12,578.

Sylacauga is known for its fine white marble bedrock. This was discovered shortly after settlers moved into the area and has been quarried ever since. The marble industry was the first recorded industry in the Sylacauga area.

Sylacauga is the site of the first documented case of an object from outer space hitting a person. On November 30, 1954, a 4 kg (9 lb) piece of what became known as the Hodges Fragment from the Sylacauga Meteorite crashed through the roof of an Oak Grove house, bounced off a radio, and badly bruised Ann Hodges, who was taking an afternoon nap.
Frederick James Furnivall
Frederick James Furnivall FBA (4 February 1825 – 2 July 1910) was an English philologist, best known as one of the co-creators of the New English Dictionary. He founded a number of learned societies on early English literature and made pioneering and massive editorial contributions to the subject, of which the most notable was his parallel text edition of The Canterbury Tales. He was one of the founders of and teachers at the London Working Men's College and a lifelong campaigner against injustice.

Working Men's College
The Working Men's College (also known as the St Pancras Working Men's College, WMC, The Camden College or WM College), is among the earliest adult education institutions established in the United Kingdom, and Europe's oldest extant centre for adult education. Founded by Christian socialists, at its inception it was at the forefront of liberal education philosophy. Today the college has two centres in the London Borough of Camden.