hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilder Graben (Nesse)
The Wilde Graben, also called Flutgraben or Wilde Leina, is a left tributary of the Nesse in district of Gotha in Thuringia, the upper reaches of which runs through the town of Gotha. It is fed to no small extent by the Leina channel, which was already built in the Middle Ages and supplies it with water from the Thuringian Forest, which is branched off by bifurcation from the Hörsel upper reaches Leina as well as from the upper reaches of the Apfelstädt from the system Gera/Unstrut/Saale/Elbe. Its natural upper course is called Ratsrinne.

At 104.6 km², the catchment area of the Wilden Graben is hardly smaller than that of the Nesse above its mouth (131.4 km²), to which must be added the proportionate catchment area of Leina (estimated by TLUG Jena at 20.8 km²) and Apfelstädt. The length of the Nesse River over the upper Leina, Leinakanal and Wilden Graben is 63.5 km compared to 54.5 km and that of the Hörsel even 73.3 km compared to 55.2 km.

Nesse (Hörsel)
The Nesse (German pronunciation: [ˈnɛsə]) is a 54.5-kilometre-long (33.9 mi) tributary of the Hörsel in the southern Thuringia. Strictly speaking, it represents a second, right main branch of the Hörsel, which brings about as much water to join the Hörsel as the Hörsel itself and drains an even larger catchment area.

The Nesse is a typical lowland river with an average bed gradient of only about 1.5 ‰. According to the Thuringia Water Act it has the status of a first order watercourse and is therefore under the maintenance obligation of the Free State of Thuringia.
Threefold model
The threefold model or GDS theory of roleplaying games is an attempt to distinguish three different goals in roleplaying. In its original formation, these are: Drama, simulation, and game. It was the inspiration for subsequent theories, such as the GNS theory, which retained a three-way division but altered other aspects of the model.

GNS theory
GNS theory is an informal field of study developed by Ron Edwards which attempts to create a unified theory of how role-playing games work. Focused on player behavior, in GNS theory participants in role-playing games organize their interactions around three categories of engagement: Gamism, Narrativism and Simulation.

The theory focuses on player interaction rather than statistics, encompassing game design beyond role-playing games. Analysis centers on how player behavior fits the above parameters of engagement and how these preferences shape the content and direction of a game. GNS theory is used by game designers to dissect the elements which attract players to certain types of games.
Maar
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption (an explosion which occurs when groundwater comes into contact with hot lava or magma). A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake, which may also be called a maar.

Maars generally range in size from 20 to 3,000 m (66 to 9,800 ft) across and from 5 to 200 m (20 to 700 ft) deep. Most maars fill with water to form natural lakes. Most maars have low rims composed of a mixture of loose fragments of volcanic rocks and rocks torn from the walls of the diatreme.

Volcanic crater
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions and sometimes of great depth. During certain types of explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera.
Credit score
A credit score is a numerical expression based on a level analysis of a person's credit files, to represent the creditworthiness of an individual. A credit score is primarily based on a credit report, information typically sourced from credit bureaus.

Lenders, such as banks and credit card companies, use credit scores to evaluate the potential risk posed by lending money to consumers and to mitigate losses due to bad debt. Lenders use credit scores to determine who qualifies for a loan, at what interest rate, and what credit limits.  Lenders also use credit scores to determine which customers are likely to bring in the most revenue.

Credit scoring is not limited to banks. Other organizations, such as mobile phone companies, insurance companies, landlords, and government departments employ the same techniques. Digital finance companies such as online lenders also use alternative data sources to calculate the creditworthiness of borrowers.

Credit bureau
A credit bureau is a data collection agency that gathers account information from various creditors and provides that information to a consumer reporting agency in the United States, a credit reference agency in the United Kingdom, a credit reporting body in Australia, a credit information company (CIC) in India, a Special Accessing Entity in the Philippines, and also to private lenders. It is not the same as a credit rating agency.
De Grey Mausoleum
The de Grey Mausoleum in Flitton, Bedfordshire, England, is one of the largest sepulchral chapels in the country. The mausoleum contains over twenty monuments to the de Grey family who lived in nearby Wrest Park.
The cruciform mausoleum has its nave set against the north side of the chancel of the adjacent church of St John the Baptist and its south transept overlaps the east end. The oldest part of Mausoleum was built circa 1614, the eastern parts were added in 1705. The architect Edward Shepherd worked on the building during 1739–40.

It is a Grade I listed building, a scheduled monument, and is in the guardianship of English Heritage who open it to the public.

Wrest Park
Wrest Park is a country estate located in Silsoe, Bedfordshire, England. It comprises Wrest Park, a Grade I listed country house, and Wrest Park Gardens, also Grade I listed, formal gardens surrounding the mansion.
Manhattan Beach Open
The Manhattan Beach Open is a beach volleyball tournament held annually during the summer in Manhattan Beach, California.  Held on the south side of the Manhattan Beach Pier, the Open is the only professional volleyball tournament in which amateurs are able to "place into" the event through pre-qualifying rounds.

The tournament began in 1960 starting as an amateur event and, since 1984 has been part of the AVP's season (with the exceptions of 1997 and 1998, 2010, 2011 and 2012 it was presented by Pro Beach, and 2020 when it was not run due to Covid-19). Today the event is the largest on the AVP tour drawing an estimated 60,000+ people over three days. It is the longest-running and most prestigious beach volleyball tournament in the United States.

Winners of the tournament are memorialized with bronze volleyball-shaped plaques in the "Volleyball Walk of Fame" mounted on the Manhattan Beach Pier.

Association of Volleyball Professionals
The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) is the biggest and longest-running professional beach volleyball tour in the United States. Founded in 1983, the AVP is headquartered in Newport Beach, California. The AVP operates as a 3-tiered development system with AVPFirst, a youth program; AVPNext, a developmental circuit; and the AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour itself.
Lac-Mégantic, Quebec
Lac-Mégantic (French pronunciation: [lak meɡɑ̃tik]) is a town in the Estrie region of Quebec, Canada. It is located on Lac Mégantic, a freshwater lake after which the town was named. Situated in the former Frontenac County in the historic Eastern Townships, Lac-Mégantic is the seat of Le Granit Regional County Municipality and of the judicial district of Mégantic.

Lac-Mégantic is a tourist destination and a producer of forestry products, furniture, Masonite doors, particleboard, and architectural granite.

On July 6, 2013, the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster led to a massive fire and a deadly explosion of petroleum tank cars that destroyed many downtown buildings and killed 47 people.

Le Granit Regional County Municipality
Le Granit (French pronunciation: [lə ɡʁanit], lit. 'The Granite') is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec, Canada. Located directly south of Quebec City, it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches, as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine. It is named for its abundance of granite. Created in 1982, Le Granit's seat is Lac-Mégantic.
Victor Zilberman
Victor Zilberman (born 20 September 1947) is a retired boxer from Romania. He competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1968 (Mexico City). He also won 8 national senior titles and two silver medals at the European Amateur Boxing Championships.

Born in Bucharest, Zilberman had his best result at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. There he won a bronze medal in the welterweight division (– 67 kg) after being defeated in the semifinals by eventual winner Jochen Bachfeld of East Germany. After the competition, he defected to Canada.

Zilberman is Jewish.

Jochen Bachfeld
Jochen Bachfeld (born 17 December 1952) is a retired boxer from East Germany, who represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he won the gold medal in the welterweight division (– 67 kg) after defeating Pedro Gamarro of Venezuela in the final.
British Wheel of Yoga
The British Wheel of Yoga was set up in 1965 by Wilfred Clark as a co-ordinating body for yoga groups throughout Britain that welcomed all schools of thought.

It provides level 4 yoga teacher training leading to the Certificate in Yoga Teaching and the Diploma in Teaching Yoga. It is recognised by Sport England as the governing body of yoga in Britain. Its sister organisation, The British Wheel of Yoga Qualifications, provides accreditation to other British yoga teaching organisations.

Yoga teacher training
Yoga teacher training is the training of teachers of yoga as exercise, consisting mainly of the practice of yoga asanas, leading to certification. Such training is accredited by the Yoga Alliance in America, by the British Wheel of Yoga in the United Kingdom, and by the European Union of Yoga across Europe. The Yoga Alliance sets standards for 200-hour and 500-hour Recognized Yoga Teacher levels, which are accepted in America and other countries.
Church Educational System Honor Code
The Church Educational System (CES) Honor Code is a set of standards by which students and faculty attending a school owned and operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) are required to live. The most widely known university that is part of CES that has adopted the honor code is Brigham Young University (BYU), located in Provo, Utah. The standards are largely derived from codes of conduct of the LDS Church and were not put into written form until the 1940s. Since then, they have undergone several changes. The CES Honor Code also applies for students attending other CES schools: Brigham Young University–Idaho, Brigham Young University–Hawaii, and Ensign College.

Church Educational System
The Church Educational System (CES) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) consists of several institutions that provide religious and secular education for both Latter-day Saint and non–Latter-day Saint elementary, secondary, and post-secondary students and adult learners. Over 1 million individuals were enrolled in CES programs in over 180 countries with over 150,000 higher education students worldwide in 2023. CES has grown significantly since 2011, when it had approximately 700,000 students, largely through increased international participation and expansion of BYU–Pathway Worldwide (BYU–PW) and Seminaries and Institutes of Religion programs. CES courses of study are separate and distinct from religious instruction provided through wards (local congregations). Clark G. Gilbert, a general authority, has been the CES commissioner since August 1, 2021.
O.k. (film)
o.k., sometimes spelled O.K., is a 1970 West German anti-war film written and directed by Michael Verhoeven. It was chosen as West Germany's official submission to the 43rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not receive a nomination. The film was also entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival. However, the competition was cancelled and no prizes were awarded, over controversy surrounding the film.

20th Berlin International Film Festival
The 20th annual Berlin International Film Festival, usually called the Berlinale, was opened on 26 June 1970 with French-Belgian film Klann – grand guignol by Patrick Ledoux and scheduled to end on 7 July. However, on 5 July the competition was cancelled and no major prizes were awarded owing to a controversy surrounding the participation of Michael Verhoeven's West-German anti-war film o.k.

The film was controversial for reenacting the 1966 Incident on Hill 192 of the Vietnam War in the Bavarian forest. It depicted four American soldiers kidnapping, raping, stabbing and shooting a Vietnamese girl named Mao until she finally dies. A fifth soldier on the patrol refuses to take part in the attack on the girl and his report to his commander is buried in the files. The film was claimed to be anti-American by the American film director George Stevens.
Transmac
The Transportes Urbanos de Macau S.A.R.L. (Transmac; Chinese: 澳門新福利公共汽車有限公司) is one of the two public bus operators in Macau, China, along with TCM). It began service in 1988, taking over the service provided by its predecessor "Fok Lei Autocarro S.A.".

In Mainland China, Transmac operates bus services in Xinhui and Wuhu under the name Xinfuli. Before 2008, Xinfuli also operated in Guangzhou and Foshan, but these two cities' Xinfuli had been purchased by others.

Currently, Transmac owns three depots in Macau proper and Taipa, namely Ilha Verde Depot, Pac On Depot and Macau Tower Depot.

TCM (Macau)
The Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos de Macau (TCM) is one of the bus operators in Macau, Transmac being the other.

The company began as a ferry operator in the 1950s, and did not enter bus operations until 1974, when a bridge connecting the mainland with Macau and Taipa (Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho) was finished.

In late 2009, TCM was disqualified from a tender to operate public bus services from late 2010, as it was "four minutes late" in submitting its tender proposal on the tendering deadline. After several months of negotiation, TCM was awarded one of five batches of routes for operation since August 2011.

On 1 August 2018, the third bus operator New Era merged into TCM, becoming the largest bus operator in Macau.
Siege of Montevideo (1823)
The siege of Montevideo occurred during the Brazilian War of Independence, during which the Brazilian Army under Carlos Frederico Lecor attempted to capture the city of Montevideo in Cisplatina (now Uruguay) from the Portuguese Army of Álvaro da Costa de Sousa de Macedo. The siege lasted from 20 January 1823 until 8 March 1824 when the Portuguese surrendered to the Brazilian forces. The naval defeat in the Battle of Montevideo (1823) also contributed to hasten the surrender of the Portuguese troops. The event marked the end of the resistance against independence of Brazil in its territory.

Battle of Montevideo (1823)
The naval Battle of Montevideo (Portuguese: Batalha Naval de Montevidéu) of 21 October 1823 formed a part of the Siege of Montevideo, as Brazilian forces sought to capture the last Portuguese redoubt in the Cisplatina during the Brazilian War of Independence.

The battle was one of the few conventional naval battles between the two powers during the war. The Portuguese forces, a captured schooner and three armed transports, had endured the Brazilian blockade of the port but only sought to break it on 21 October.

Despite heavy fighting neither side lost a ship, and the Portuguese withdrew to the port, with the conflict ending a month later with the surrender of Montevideo.
Special municipality (Taiwan)
A special municipality, historically known as a Yuan-controlled municipality, is a first-level administrative division unit in Taiwan. It is the highest level of the country's administrative structure and is equivalent to a province. After the suspension of the provincial governments of 2018, the special municipalities along with provincial cities and counties have all governed directly under the central government.

Currently total six cities are designated as special municipalities: Taipei, Taoyuan, New Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung, all located in the most densely populated regions in the western half of the island. These special municipalities encompass five most populous metropolitan areas in Taiwan, accounting for more than two-thirds of the national population.

Counties of Taiwan
A county, constitutionally known as a hsien, is a de jure second-level administrative division unit in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Under the administrative structure of Taiwan, it is at the same level as a provincial city.

The counties were formerly under the jurisdiction of provinces, but the provinces were streamlined and effectively downsized to non-self-governing bodies in 1998. In 2018 all provincial governmental organs were formally abolished. Counties along with former "provincial cities" which alternately designated as simply "Cities", are presently regarded as principal subdivisions directed by the central government of Taiwan.
Adelaide Botanic Garden
The Adelaide Botanic Garden is a 51-hectare (130-acre) public garden at the north-east corner of the Adelaide city centre, in the Adelaide Park Lands. It lies on North Terrace (between Lot Fourteen, the site of the old Royal Adelaide Hospital, and the National Wine Centre) and behind it the Botanic Park (adjacent to the Adelaide Zoo). Work was begun on the site in 1855, with its official opening to the public on 4 October 1857.

The Adelaide Botanic Garden and adjacent State Herbarium of South Australia, together with the Wittunga Botanic Garden and Mount Lofty Botanic Garden, comprise the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of South Australia, administered by the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, a state government statutory authority.

Botanic Park, Adelaide
Botanic Park, part of Park 11 (also referred to as Mistletoe Park or Tainmuntilla), is a 34 hectare (84 acre) park in the Northeast Parklands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The park is bordered by Hackney Road and Frome Road. The University of South Australia, University of Adelaide, and the old Royal Adelaide Hospital are next to this park. The park also abuts the Adelaide Zoo and River Torrens.
Wijk aan Zee
Wijk aan Zee (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɛik aːn ˈzeː]; lit. 'Neighborhood at Sea') is a village on the coast of the North Sea in the municipality of Beverwijk, the province of North Holland of the Netherlands. The prestigious Tata Steel Chess Tournament (formerly called the Corus chess tournament or the Hoogovens tournament) takes place there every year.

Due to its seaside location, Wijk aan Zee has become a popular destination among tourists. This is reflected in the village economy, which consists of many bars and hotels.

Beverwijk
Beverwijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbeːvərˈʋɛik] ⓘ) is an industrial port city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The town is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Amsterdam in the Randstad metropolitan area, north of the North Sea Canal very close to the North Sea coast. A railway tunnel and two motorway tunnels cross the canal between Beverwijk and the nearby city of Haarlem on the south side of the canal.

Around 1640, a town called Beverwyck was founded in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. That town would become the city of Albany, the state capital of New York.
Corbin Creek Falls
Corbin Creek Falls is a waterfall in North Carolina on Corbin Creek near Upper Whitewater Falls.  As with most of North Carolina's waterfalls, it is in the mountainous area of the state.  There is a cluster of falls in the area where the borders of Georgia and the Carolinas come together. Corbin Creek Falls is part of that group, very close to the South Carolina border.

Upper Whitewater Falls
Upper Whitewater Falls is a waterfall in North Carolina on the Whitewater River.  As with most of North Carolina's waterfalls, it is in the mountainous area of the state. There is a cluster of falls in the area where the borders of Georgia and the Carolinas come together. Whitewater Falls is part of that group, very close to the South Carolina border.

According to the U.S. Forest Service, "With a 411-foot plunge, Upper Whitewater Falls in North Carolina is the highest waterfall east of the Rockies." However, this claim is likely exaggerated, and the actual height is likely closer to 350–400 feet. Furthermore, several other waterfalls have contended to be the highest waterfall east of the Rockies, including Crabtree Falls in Virginia, Amicalola Falls in Georgia, and Glassmine Falls in North Carolina, which depends on the way waterfalls are defined and categorized.
National Public School educational institutions
The National Public School (NPS) is one of India’s educational networks, founded by Dr. K. P. Gopalkrishna in 1959 in Bangalore. The New Indian Express included NPS in the top 20 best schools in Bangalore. NPS schools follow the CBSE curriculum, focusing on creating a supportive, innovative, and technologically advanced learning environment.

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
Willie Davies (rugby)
Willie Davies (23 August 1916 – 26 September 2002) was a Welsh international dual-code rugby fly half who played rugby union for Swansea and rugby league for Bradford Northern. He won six caps for the Wales rugby union team and nine caps for the Wales rugby league team. In 2003 he was inducted into the Welsh Sports Hall of Fame. He was the cousin of Wales international Haydn Tanner.

Haydn Tanner
Haydn Tanner (9 January 1917 – 5 June 2009) was a Welsh international rugby union player who represented both Wales and the British and Irish Lions. At club level, he played for several top-flight teams, including Bristol, Cardiff, Swansea, London Welsh and the Barbarians.