hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claybank Brick Plant
The Claybank Brick Plant National Historic Site, located near Claybank, Saskatchewan at the foot of the Dirt Hills in the RM of Elmsthorpe No. 100, was an operational brick manufacturing plant from 1914 to 1989. Bricks manufactured at the site have been used to construct prominent Canadian buildings such as the Bessborough Hotel in Saskatoon and the Chateau Frontenac in Quebec City. The site was designated as a National Historic Site in 1996 and remains one of Canada's greatest examples of early twentieth century industrialism.

Rural Municipality of Elmsthorpe No. 100
The Rural Municipality of Elmsthorpe No. 100 (2016 population: 226) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 2 and SARM Division No. 2. It is located in the southeast portion of the province.
1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia
The Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Ústava Československé socialistické / Československej socialistickej republiky in Czech / Slovak), promulgated on 11 July 1960 as the constitutional law 100/1960 Sb., was a communist state constitution and Czechoslovakia's third constitution overall. It was the second constitution adopted under Communist rule. It replaced the 1948 Ninth-of-May Constitution and was widely changed by the Constitutional Law of Federation in 1968. It was extensively revised after the Velvet Revolution to prune out its state socialist character. The revision was intended to allow the document to be used until it could be replaced with a completely new constitution.  However, this never took place, and it remained in force until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992.

Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation
The Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation (Czech: Ústavní zákon o československé federaci, Slovak: Ústavný zákon o česko-slovenskej federácii) was a constitutional law in Czechoslovakia adopted on 27 October 1968 and in force from 1 January 1969 to 1 January 1993 that affected the communist state constitution of the state. It converted the previously unitary Czechoslovak state into a federation.
Kenneth Mapp
Kenneth Ezra "Ken" Mapp (born November 2, 1955) is an American politician who served as the eighth governor of the United States Virgin Islands, from 2015 to 2019. Though a registered Republican, Mapp was elected Governor in 2014 as an independent. From 1995 to 1999, Mapp served as the seventh lieutenant governor of the United States Virgin Islands, and had previously served for three terms in the Legislature of the Virgin Islands.

Mapp was an independent candidate for Governor in 2006 and 2010, but was defeated both times by Democrat John de Jongh. He was elected Governor in 2014, defeating Donna Christian-Christensen, the longtime Delegate to Congress, in a run-off election. Mapp ran for a second term in 2018, but was defeated in the runoff election by Democrat Albert Bryan.

Albert Bryan Jr.
Albert Bryan Jr. (born February 21, 1968) is an American politician and former businessman, serving since 2019 as the ninth governor of the United States Virgin Islands. Bryan has faced criticism over his administration's handling of litigation involving Jeffrey Epstein, including the termination of three successive attorneys general during the height of related federal proceedings.
Toy's Factory
Toy's Factory Inc. (株式会社トイズファクトリー, Kabushiki-gaisha Toizu Fakutorī) is a Japanese record label founded in the late 1980s as a subsidiary of the entertainment company VAP, based in Japan. On May 30, 1990, it was established as an independent company. It is an associate member of the Recording Industry Association of Japan. By the first half of 2012, Toy's Factory was the fourth-biggest Japanese record label.

VAP, Inc.
VAP, Inc. (株式会社バップ, Kabushiki gaisha Bappu) (initials of Video & Audio Project) is a Japanese entertainment company, headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It is a subsidiary of Nippon Television Holdings, Inc.
Tipaza
Tipaza (Arabic: تيپازة, romanized: Tīpāza) is the capital of the Tipaza Province, Algeria. When it was part of the Roman Empire, it was called Tipasa. The modern town was founded in 1857, and is chiefly remarkable for its ancient ruins and sandy littoral.

Tipasa
Tipasa, sometimes distinguished as Tipasa in Mauretania, was a colonia in the Roman province Mauretania Caesariensis, nowadays called Tipaza, and located in coastal central Algeria. Since 1982, it has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It was declared a World Heritage Site in danger in 2002, but was removed from the danger list in 2006 following conservation efforts.
Asghar Hussain Deobandi
Asghar Hussain Deobandi (also known as Mian Sayyid Asghar Hussain) (16 October 1877 — 8 January 1945) was a Sunni Muslim scholar from the Indian subcontinent who co-founded Madrasatul Islah.

Born on 16 October 1877 in a Deoband-based family, claiming descent to Abdul Qadir Jeelani, Asghar Hussain Deobandi was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband, where he studied with Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Azizur Rahman Usmani and Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad. Hussain was a disciple of Imdadullah Muhajir Makki in the Chishti Sufi order. He taught religious sciences at Atala Masjid, Jaunpur and at his alma mater, Darul Uloom Deoband. He co-edited Al-Qasim, a monthly journal published by Darul Uloom Deoband. Hussain died on 8 January 1945 in Surat, and was buried in Rander. His students include Manazir Ahsan Gilani and Muhammad Shafi.

Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad
Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad (also known as Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi) (1862–1928) was an Indian Muslim scholar, who served as the vice chancellor of the Darul Uloom Deoband for thirty five years. He was the Grand Mufti of the Hyderabad State from 1922 to 1925.
Semisimple module
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, a semisimple module or completely reducible module is a type of module that can be understood easily from its parts.  A ring that is a semisimple module over itself is known as an Artinian semisimple ring.  Some important rings, such as group rings of finite groups over fields of characteristic zero, are semisimple rings.  An Artinian ring is initially understood via its largest semisimple quotient.  The structure of Artinian semisimple rings is well understood by the Artin–Wedderburn theorem, which exhibits these rings as finite direct products of matrix rings.

For a group-theory analog of the same notion, see Semisimple representation.

Group ring
In algebra, a group ring is a free module and at the same time a ring, constructed in a natural way from any given ring and any given group. As a free module, its ring of scalars is the given ring, and its basis is the set of elements of the given group. As a ring, its addition law is that of the free module and its multiplication extends "by linearity" the given group law on the basis. Less formally, a group ring is a generalization of a given group, by attaching to each element of the group a "weighting factor" from a given ring.

If the ring is commutative then the group ring is also referred to as a group algebra, for it is indeed an algebra over the given ring. A group algebra over a field has a further structure of a Hopf algebra; in this case, it is thus called a group Hopf algebra.

The apparatus of group rings is especially useful in the theory of group representations.
Kreisliga Südmain
The Kreisliga Südmain (English: District league South Main) was the highest association football league in parts of the German state of Hesse from 1919 to 1923. The league was disbanded with the introduction of the Bezirksliga Main in 1923.

The league is named after the river Main, which flows through Frankfurt am Main and reaches the Rhine near Mainz. The league was formed from clubs from the southern side  of the river, around the Offenbach am Main area. With two clubs from Aschaffenburg, it also included teams from the Bavaria.

Bezirksliga Main
The Bezirksliga Main-Hessen was the highest association football league in the German state of Hesse and the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau from 1923 to 1927, when the league was replaced by the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen.
Cumberland Head, New York
Cumberland Head is a census-designated place and region of the town of Plattsburgh in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 1,627 at the 2010 census.

Cumberland Head is a peninsula projecting into Lake Champlain, and includes the communities of Rocky Point and Champlain Park.

A landing for the Lake Champlain Transportation Company's ferry to Gordon Landing on Grand Isle, Vermont, is near the southern end of Cumberland Head. Cumberland Bay State Park is located at the northern end of the peninsula.

There is a historic lighthouse on the end of Cumberland Head.

Plattsburgh (town), New York
Plattsburgh is a town in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 11,886 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Zephaniah Platt, an early land owner, and it surrounds the separate and more populous city of the same name. The town is in the eastern part of the county, in the North Country region of the state of New York. The region's airport, Plattsburgh International Airport, is located in the southern part of the town.
Phoebe (Titaness)
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Phoebe (/ˈfiːbi/ FEE-bee; Ancient Greek: Φοίβη, romanized: Phoíbê, lit. 'bright', Ancient Greek pronunciation: [ˈphoi̯.bεː]) was one of the Titans, the children of Uranus (Sky) and Gaia (Earth). She is a goddess of intellect and prophecy. With her brother and husband Coeus she had two daughters, Leto and Asteria. She is thus the grandmother of Apollo, Artemis and Hecate.

According to the myth, she was the original owner of the site of the Oracle of Delphi before gifting it to her grandson Apollo. Her name, meaning "bright", was also given to a number of lunar goddesses like Artemis and later the Roman goddesses Luna and Diana, but Phoebe herself was not actively seen as a moon goddess in her own right in ancient religion or mythology.

Asteria
In Greek mythology, Asteria or Asterie (/əˈstɪəriə/ as-TEAR-ee-ə; Ancient Greek: Ἀστερία or Ἀστερίη, romanized: Astería, Asteríē, lit. 'of the stars, starry one') is a daughter of the Titans Phoebe and Coeus (Polus) and the sister of Leto. According to Hesiod, by the Titan Perses she had a single child, a daughter named Hecate, the goddess of witchcraft. Other authors made Asteria the mother of the fourth Heracles and Hecate by Zeus.

Asteria is notable for her pursuit by the amorous god Zeus, who desired her. In order to escape him and his advances, she transformed herself into a bird and then a wandering island. When her sister Leto, impregnated by Zeus, went into labour, Asteria was the only place on earth willing to receive her, defying Hera's orders that forbade Leto any shelter. After Apollo and Artemis were born on her, the island received the name of Delos, and Apollo fixed it in place, making it his sacred land.
Visa requirements for North Korean citizens
Visa requirements for North Korean citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of North Korea by the authorities of other states.

As of 2025, North Korean citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 40 countries and territories, ranking the North Korea passport 95th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

North Korean passport
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea passport (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 려권), commonly referred to as the North Korean passport or the  DPRK passport ,  is the passport which may be issued to North Korean citizens for international travel. Since the majority of citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea do not get opportunities to leave the country, even if they tried legally in most cases the passport application is rejected, the government passports are rarely issued.
2005 ICC Africa/East Asia-Pacific Under-19 Championship
The 2005 ICC Africa/East Asia-Pacific Under-19 Championship was a cricket tournament held in South Africa from 21–26 August 2005, during the 2005 international season. All matches were held at the Willowmoore Park complex in Benoni, Gauteng.

Namibia won the tournament by defeating Uganda in the final, with both teams qualifying for the 2006 Under-19 World Cup in Sri Lanka. Tanzanian batsman Benson Mwita led the competition in runs scored, while Kenya's Rohit Vekaria took the most wickets. Ugandan all-rounder Ronald Ssemanda was Player of the Final.

The tournament was jointly organised by the African Cricket Association (ACA) and ICC East Asia-Pacific (EAP), with eight teams (six African and two EAP) participating, divided into two pools for the group stages. Another joint tournament had been held in 2003, for the 2004 World Cup, but separate qualifying tournaments have been held since – the ICC Africa Under-19 Championships and the EAP Under-19 Cricket Trophy.

2003 ICC Africa/East Asia-Pacific Under-19 Championship
The 2003 ICC Africa/East Asia-Pacific Under-19 Championship was a cricket tournament held in Namibia from 4–9 October 2003, during the 2003–04 international season.

All matches were held in the capital Windhoek.

Papua New Guinea won the tournament by defeating Uganda in the final, with both teams qualifying for the 2004 Under-19 World Cup in Bangladesh. Kenyan batsman Malhar Patel led the competition in runs scored, while Papua New Guinea's William Harry and Uganda's Patrick Ochan took the most wickets.

The tournament was jointly organised by the African Cricket Association (ACA) and ICC East Asia-Pacific (EAP), the first time such an arrangement had occurred. Eight teams (six African and two EAP) participated, divided into two pools for the group stages. Another joint tournament was held in 2005, for the 2006 World Cup, but separate qualifying tournaments have been held since then – the ICC Africa Under-19 Championships and the EAP Under-19 Cricket Trophy.
Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation
The Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC) (March 1946 – 1950) was a computer company founded by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. It was incorporated on December 22, 1947. After building the ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania, Eckert and Mauchly formed EMCC to build new computer designs for commercial and military applications. The company was initially called the Electronic Control Company, changing its name to Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation when it was incorporated.  In 1950, the company was sold to Remington Rand, which later merged with Sperry Corporation to become Sperry Rand, and survives today as Unisys.

Sperry Corporation
Sperry Corporation was a major American equipment and electronics company whose existence spanned more than seven decades of the 20th century. Sperry ceased to exist in 1986 following a prolonged hostile takeover bid engineered by Burroughs Corporation, which merged the combined operation under the new name Unisys. Some of Sperry's former divisions became part of Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon Technologies, and Northrop Grumman.

The company is best known as the developer of the artificial horizon and a wide variety of other gyroscope-based aviation instruments like autopilots, bombsights, analog ballistics computers and gyro gunsights. In the post-WWII era the company branched out into electronics, both aviation-related, and later, computers.

The company was founded by Elmer Ambrose Sperry.
Abd Allah al-Mahd
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib al-Hāshimī al-Qurayshī (Arabic: أبو محمد عبد الله بن الحسن بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب الهاشمي القریشي; c. 689 – 762, better known as ʿAbd Allāh al-Maḥḍ (Arabic: عبد الله المحض) and ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl (Arabic: عبد الله الكامل), was an Islamic scholar, theologian and hadith narrator, grandson of both Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali (the grandsons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad). His sons include Muhammad and Ibrahim, who rebelled against Abbasid rule, and Idris, who rebelled in the Maghreb and established the Idrisid dynasty.

Considered a martyr among the Shi'as, Abd Allah was imprisoned on the orders of Al-Mansur after he refused to reveal the hiding place of his sons, and was assassinated three years later while in prison. His tomb in the city of al-Shinafiyah, Iraq, is today the famous shrine of Abd Allah Abu Najm.

Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan al-Muthannā ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib or Muḥammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله  بن الحسن بن الحسن بن علي الملقَّب النفس الزكية, lit. 'The Pure Soul'), was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through his daughter Fatimah. Known for his commanding oratory skills, amiable demeanor, and impressive build, he led the Alid Revolt in Medina, a failed rebellion, against the second Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur. He and a few hundred soldiers faced against a large Abbasid force under Isa ibn Musa, and he was killed on December 6, 762 CE (145 AH).
Tulasnellaceae
The Tulasnellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family comprises mainly effused (patch-forming) fungi formerly referred to the "jelly fungi" or heterobasidiomycetes. Species are wood- or litter-rotting saprotrophs, but many are also endomycorrhizal associates of  orchids and some have also been thought to form ectomycorrhizal associations with trees and other plants.

Cantharellales
The Cantharellales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes not only the chanterelles (Cantharellaceae), but also some of the tooth fungi (Hydnaceae), clavarioid fungi (Aphelariaceae and Clavulinaceae), and corticioid fungi (Botryobasidiaceae). Species within the order are variously ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic, associated with orchids, or facultative plant pathogens. Those of economic importance include edible and commercially collected Cantharellus, Craterellus, and Hydnum species as well as crop pathogens in the genera Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus/Rhizoctonia.
Swadlincote
Swadlincote (pronunciationⓘ) is a historic mining town in the district of South Derbyshire, in the county of Derbyshire, England. It lies within The National Forest area. It borders the counties of Leicestershire and Staffordshire, 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Burton upon Trent and north-west of Ashby-de-la-Zouch and 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Derby. It covers the suburban areas of Church Gresley, Goseley, Midway, Newhall, Oversetts and Woodville and had a population of 34,576 at the 2021 census.

Woodville, Derbyshire
Woodville is a large suburban village and civil parish that crosses two districts - South Derbyshire district of Derbyshire and North West Leicestershire district of Leicestershire, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Swadlincote. At the 2011 Census, the parish had a population of 5,161, an increase from 3,420 at the 2001 Census. The centre of the village, known as the Tollgate, is a busy traffic island on the A511. Woodville forms part of the border with Leicestershire.
University of Illinois System
The University of Illinois System is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Illinois, consisting of three campuses located in Chicago, Springfield, and Urbana-Champaign. Across all campuses, the University of Illinois System enrolls more than 101,000 students. It had an operating budget of $7.18 billion in 2021. Its oldest university, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, was established as the state's land grant university in 1867.

University of Illinois Springfield
The University of Illinois Springfield (UIS) is a public university in Springfield, Illinois, United States. The university was established by the Illinois General Assembly in 1969 as Sangamon State University. It became the third member of the University of Illinois system on July 1, 1995. The university served 4,364 students as of fall 2025 with 49 bachelor's degree programs, 51 master's degree programs, 1 doctoral degree program, 47 graduate certificates, and coursework that leads to six ISBE endorsements.
New Hampshire Route 103
New Hampshire Route 103 (abbreviated NH 103) is a 48.300-mile-long (77.731 km) east–west highway in west-central New Hampshire, United States. The highway runs from Claremont, at the Vermont border on the Connecticut River, to Hopkinton, west of Concord.

The western terminus of NH 103 is in Claremont at the New Hampshire–Vermont state line on the Connecticut River, running concurrently with New Hampshire Route 12.  After intersecting with New Hampshire Route 12A, the road continues eastward for 3.793 miles (6.104 km) into the center of Claremont, where NH 103 splits off from NH 12 and merges with New Hampshire Route 11. The highway then runs eastward merged with NH 11 for a distance of 12.991 miles (20.907 km). The road splits off from NH 11 east of Newport. Northwest of Hopkinton, the road runs merged with New Hampshire Route 127 for a distance of 2.127 miles (3.423 km). The eastern terminus of NH 103 is in Hopkinton at U.S. Route 202 and New Hampshire Route 9.

New Hampshire Route 11
New Hampshire Route 11 is a 108.223-mile-long (174.168 km) east–west state highway in New Hampshire, running completely across the central part of the state. Its western terminus is at the Vermont state line in Charlestown, where it continues west as Vermont Route 11. The eastern terminus is at the Maine state line in Rochester, where it crosses the border with U.S. Route 202 and continues as Maine State Route 11.

Its number is derived from its original 1925 designation as New England Interstate Route 11.

The highway follows a generally southwest to northeast alignment from the Vermont state line until reaching Lake Winnipesaukee, then turns southeast for the remainder of its routing to the Maine state line.

There are 3 auxiliary routes, labeled 11A through 11C, all located along the shores of Lake Winnipesaukee, and an additional former auxiliary route, 11D, which is still known by that name.
Karnataka Lokayukta
Karnataka Lokayukta is the ombudsman institution of the Indian state of Karnataka. It was established in 1984 to investigate and report on corruption in the Government of Karnataka and to redress public grievances related to state government employees. This Lokayukta was once considered the most powerful such institution in the state. However, it was stripped of its investigative powers before transferring them to the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) of Karnataka Police directly under the Chief Minister of Karnataka in 2016. The High Court of Karnataka dissolved ACB and restored all the ongoing cases to the Karnataka Lokayukta in 2022.

Lokayukta
The Lokayukta (also Lok Ayukta; lokāyukta, "civil commissioner") is an Indian Parliamentary Ombudsman who may be appointed for each of the State Governments of India. The role was introduced by the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 to quickly address the working of the government or its administration (public servants). Once appointed, a Lokayukta cannot be dismissed or transferred by the government, and can only be removed if the state assembly adopts an impeachment motion.

The Lokayukta mainly publicizes corruption among politicians and government officials. Many acts of the Lokayukta have resulted in criminal or other consequences for those charged.