hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sea defense zone
During World War II, a sea defense zone (Seeverteidigung) was a tactical area in the organization of the Kriegsmarine intended to provide operational command of all German naval forces, within a given geographical area, in the event of actual enemy attack on the coastline of occupied Europe.

Organization of the Kriegsmarine
The organization of the Kriegsmarine refers to the operational and administrative structure of the German Navy from 1935 to 1945.  Many of the organizational tenets of the Kriegsmarine were inherited from its predecessor the Reichsmarine.  As World War II unfolded, the Kriegsmarine expanded to cover additional regions and responsibilities, most significant of which was the occupation of France and the Battle of the Atlantic.
West Chester University
West Chester University of Pennsylvania (WCUPA), commonly known as West Chester University (WCU), is a public research university in West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". With 17,275 undergraduate and graduate students as of 2022, WCU is the largest of the 10 state-owned universities belonging to the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) and the sixth largest university in Pennsylvania. It also maintains a Center City Philadelphia satellite campus on Market Street.

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
Gellia gens
The gens Gellia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, where they settled after the Second Punic War or earlier. The first of the Gellii to obtain the consulship was Lucius Gellius Poplicola, in 72 BC, but the most famous member of this gens is probably the grammarian Aulus Gellius, who flourished during the second century AD.

Lucius Gellius
Lucius Gellius (c. 136 BC – c. 54 BC) was a Roman politician and general who was one of two consuls of the Republic in 72 BC, along with Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus. A supporter of Pompey, he is noted for being one of the consular generals who led Roman legions against the slave armies of Spartacus in the Third Servile War.
Maungapōhatu
Maungapōhatu is a settlement in the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. Located in a remote area of the Urewera bush country about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Lake Waikaremoana, it was founded by Rua Kēnana Hepetipa in 1907 and was substantially rebuilt twice during the next two decades. At its peak more than 500 people lived there, but it is very sparsely populated now. It lies at the foot of the 1366-metre mountain of the same name, which is sacred to the Tūhoe iwi.

Te Urewera
Te Urewera is an area of mostly forested, sparsely populated rugged hill country in the North Island of New Zealand, located inland between the Bay of Plenty and Hawke Bay. Te Urewera is the rohe (historical home) of Tūhoe, a Māori iwi (tribe) known for its stance on Māori sovereignty.

In 1954, a large area of Te Urewera was designated Te Urewera National Park by the New Zealand Government. In 2014 after a Waitangi Tribunal settlement with Tūhoe, the national park was disestablished and the former area was given environmental personhood. This area is now managed by Te Urewera Board, a body composed of both members who represent Tūhoe and the New Zealand Government.

Outside of the protected area, Te Urewera includes land administered as Whirinaki Te Pua-a-Tāne Conservation Park, Onekawa Te Mawhai Regional Park, customary private land owned by Tūhoe, the settlements of Ruatoki North, Waimana, Tāneatua, and privately owned land.
New Malden
New Malden is a suburban area in southwest London, England. It is within the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and the London Borough of Merton, and is 9.4 miles (15.1 km) from Charing Cross. Neighbouring localities include Kingston, Kingston Vale, Roehampton, Norbiton, Raynes Park, Coombe, Tolworth, Motspur Park, Old Malden, and Worcester Park. Before the creation of Greater London in 1965, New Malden was in the administrative county of Surrey.

Tolworth
Tolworth is a suburban area in the Surbiton district, Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, Greater London. It is 11 miles (17.7 km) southwest of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include Berrylands, Chessington, Epsom, Ewell, Kingston, Long Ditton, New Malden, Surbiton and Worcester Park. Surbiton is the nearest, about a mile to the northwest. Tolworth is divided in two by the A3 Kingston Bypass and is situated slightly north of the Greater London-Surrey border.
Tau Omega
Tau Omega (ΤΩ) was an American professional fraternity for aeronautical engineering. It was established at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma in 1927. Tau Omega was the first professional fraternity for aviation. In 1953, it merged with Gamma Alpha Rho to form Sigma Gamma Tau, a national aeronautical engineering society.

Gamma Alpha Rho
Gamma Alpha Rho (ΓΑΡ) was an American aeronautical engineering student honor society. It was created at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York in 1945. It merged with Tau Omega, an aeronautical professional fraternity, to create the aeronautical honor society Sigma Gamma Tau in 1953.
Arthur W. V. Reeve
Arthur Wellesley Vivian Reeve MBE (2 December 1912 – 21 May 2002) was a New Zealand author and The Scout Association of New Zealand’s international commissioner who was awarded the Bronze Wolf Award for exceptional services to Scouting.

Scouts Aotearoa
Scouts Aotearoa, known internationally as Scouts Aotearoa New Zealand is a trading name of The Scout Association of New Zealand, the national Scouting association in New Zealand and an affiliate of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) since 1953. Scouts Aotearoa had 12,156 youth members and with 5,888 volunteers as of the end of 2020.

The association actively participates in many Asia-Pacific Region and World Scout camps and Jamborees.
Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas
Syed Muhammad al Naquib bin Ali al-Attas (Arabic: سيد محمد نقيب العطاس Sayyid Muḥammad Naqīb al-ʿAṭṭās; born 5 September 1931) is a Malaysian Muslim philosopher. He is one of the few contemporary scholars who is thoroughly rooted in the traditional Islamic sciences and studied theology, philosophy, metaphysics, history, and literature. He pioneered the concept of Islamisation of knowledge. Al-Attas' philosophy and methodology of education have one goal: Islamisation of the mind, body and soul and its effects on the personal and collective life of Muslims as well as others, including the spiritual and physical non-human environment. He is the second Malaysian to be awarded the title of Royal Professor (Profesor Diraja) after the late Ungku Abdul Aziz.

He is the author of 27 works on various aspects of Islamic thought and civilisation, particularly on Sufism, cosmology, metaphysics, philosophy and Malay language and literature.

Ungku Abdul Aziz
Ungku Abdul Aziz bin Ungku Abdul Hamid (28 January 1922 – 15 December 2020) was a Malaysian economist and university professor. He was the 3rd Vice-Chancellor of the University of Malaya from 1968 to 1988 and the 1st General Director of the Council on Language and Literature of Malaysia from 1956 until 1957. He was the first to be awarded the title of Royal Professor (Profesor Diraja) in 1978.
Ernestine Charlotte of Nassau-Schaumburg
Princess Ernestine Charlotte of Nassau-Schaumburg (20 May 1662Jul. – 21 February 1732), German: Ernestine Charlotte Prinzessin von Nassau-Schaumburg, official titles: Prinzessin von Nassau, Gräfin zu Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Diez und Holzappel, Frau zu Beilstein, Laurenburg und Schaumburg, was a princess from the House of Nassau-Schaumburg, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau and through marriage Fürstin of Nassau-Siegen. She was regent of the Principality of Nassau-Siegen (part of the County of Nassau) for her son Frederick William Adolf in the period 1691–1701.

Frederick William Adolf, Prince of Nassau-Siegen
Prince Frederick William Adolf of Nassau-Siegen (20 February 1680 – 13 February 1722), German: Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Fürst von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Fürst zu Nassau, Graf zu Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Diez, Limburg und Bronkhorst, Herr zu Beilstein, Stirum, Wisch, Borculo, Lichtenvoorde und Wildenborch, Erbbannerherr des Herzogtums Geldern und der Grafschaft Zutphen, was since 1691 Fürst of Nassau-Siegen, a part of the County of Nassau. He descended from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau.

Not much is known about his life, but a short biography written by his councillor Miltenberger is kept in the Royal House Archive of the Netherlands in The Hague.
Croxley tube station
Croxley is a London Underground station. It is located on Watford Road (A412) in Croxley Green, Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire. The station is on the Watford branch of the Metropolitan line, between Watford and Moor Park stations. It is the only intermediate station on the branch, and is in London fare zone 7.

Moor Park tube station
Moor Park is a London Underground station. It is located in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire, serving those living on the Moor Park estate, and also on the neighbouring Eastbury and South Oxhey estates. The station is outside the Greater London boundary but is in both London fare zone 6 and 7. It is on the Metropolitan line, between Rickmansworth (on the main branch towards Amersham or Chesham) or Croxley (on the Watford branch) and Northwood stations.
7.62 cm Pak 36(r)
The 7.62 cm FK 36(r) / Pak 36(r) (7.62 cm Feldkanone [Field gun] 36(russisch) / Panzerabwehrkanone [Anti-tank gun] 36(russisch)) was a German anti-tank / field gun used by the Wehrmacht in World War II, which were conversions of the Soviet 76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22).

Later in the war, the Soviet 76 mm divisional gun M1939 (USV) were also converted as the 7.62 cm FK 39(r) / Pak 39(r) (7.62 cm Panzerabwehrkanone [Anti-tank gun] 39(russisch) / Feldkanone [Field gun] 39(russisch)).

76 mm divisional gun M1939 (USV)
The 76-mm divisional gun M1939 (F-22 USV or USV) (Russian: 76-мм дивизионная пушка обр. 1939 г. (Ф-22 УСВ or УСВ)) was a 76.2 mm cannon produced in the Soviet Union. It was adopted for Red Army service in 1939 and used extensively in World War II. The gun was designated as "divisional" – issued to batteries under the direct control of division headquarters. The F-22 USV was an intermediate model, coming between the F-22, which had limited anti-aircraft capability, and the simpler and cheaper ZiS-3, which eventually replaced it in production and service.
Sandra Diaz-Twine
Sandra Diaz-Twine (born July 30, 1974) is an American television personality who became known for her appearances on the reality game show Survivor. She won the first two seasons she appeared on, Survivor: Pearl Islands and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, making her the show's first two-time winner. She returned for Survivor's 34th season, Survivor: Game Changers, where she was the 6th person voted out. Along with fellow Survivor contestant Rob Mariano, she was a non-competing mentor on the show's 39th season Survivor: Island of the Idols, and subsequently competed on the show's 40th season, Survivor: Winners at War, where she was the 7th person voted out and only player to leave the game at the Edge of Extinction. She also competed for a fifth time on Survivor on the Blood V Water edition of the Australian Survivor with her daughter Nina, which aired in 2022.

Diaz-Twine is regarded among fans as one of the greatest players on the show.

Rob Mariano
Robert Carlo Mariano (born December 25, 1975), known by the nickname Boston Rob, is an American television personality, known for appearing in the CBS reality show Survivor. He placed tenth in the show's fourth season Survivor: Marquesas, finished as the runner-up to his eventual wife Amber Brkich in the show's eighth season Survivor: All-Stars, came in 13th place in the show's 20th season Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, and won the show's 22nd season Survivor: Redemption Island. Mariano returned for the show's 39th season Survivor: Island of the Idols as a mentor for the new players alongside Sandra Diaz-Twine. He competed for a fifth time, coming in 17th place in the show's 40th season Survivor: Winners at War. Mariano is the first person to compete on Survivor five times.

Mariano also competed on other reality shows, including on The Amazing Race twice alongside his wife (The Amazing Race 7 and The Amazing Race 11: All-Stars), as well as Deal or No Deal Island and The Traitors 3.
2013–14 South African Premiership
The 2013–14 South African Premiership season (known as the ABSA Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and also commonly referred to as the PSL after the governing body) was the eighteenth season of the Premiership since its establishment in 1996. The draw for the fixtures was held on 20 June 2013. The season was scheduled to begin on 2 August 2013 and end on 10 May 2014.

Kaizer Chiefs were the defending champions, having won the previous 2012–13 Premier Soccer League (PSL) season. The season featured 14 teams from the 2012-13 season and two new teams promoted from the 2012–13 National First Division: Polokwane City and Mpumalanga Black Aces who replace relegated Black Leopards and Chippa United.

2012–13 South African Premiership
The 2012–13 South African Premiership season (known as the ABSA Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the seventeenth season of the Premiership since its establishment in 1996. The season began in the second week of August 2012.

Orlando Pirates were the defending champions, having won the previous 2011–12 season, but lost their title to Kaizer Chiefs. The season featured 14 teams from the 2011-12 season and two new teams promoted from the 2011–12 National First Division: Tuks FC and Chippa United who replacer relegated Santos and Jomo Cosmos.
Interstate 15 in Montana
In the U.S. state of Montana, Interstate 15 (I-15) continues onward from Idaho for nearly 400 miles (640 km) through the cities of Butte, Helena, and Great Falls, intersecting with I-90, I-115, and I-315. I-15 reaches its northern terminus at the international border with Alberta, Canada. I-15 is additionally named as the First Special Service Force Memorial Highway from Helena to the Alberta border, where Alberta Highway 4 continues into Canada retaining that designation.

I-15 joins with I-90 and makes a junction with a short, one-mile (1.6 km) spur route I-115 in Butte.

Interstate 90 in Montana
Interstate 90 (I-90) is an east–west transcontinental Interstate Highway across the northern United States, linking Seattle to Boston. The portion in the state of Montana is 552.54 miles (889.23 km) in length, passing through 14 counties in central and southern Montana. It is the longest segment of I-90 within a single state.
James P. Johnson
James Price Johnson (February 1, 1894 – November 17, 1955) was an American pianist and composer. A pioneer of stride piano, he was one of the most important pianists in the early era of recording, and like Jelly Roll Morton, one of the key figures in the evolution of ragtime into what was eventually called jazz. Johnson was a major influence on Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Art Tatum, Thelonious Monk, and Fats Waller, who was his student.

Johnson composed many hit songs, including the unofficial anthem of the Roaring Twenties, "The Charleston", and he remained the acknowledged king of New York jazz pianists through most of the 1930s. Johnson's artistry, influence on early popular music, and contributions to musical theatre are often overlooked, and as such, he has been referred to by musicologist David Schiff as "The Invisible Pianist."

Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
Lambert Simnel
Lambert Simnel (c. 1477 – after 1534) was a pretender to the throne of England. In 1487, his claim to be Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, threatened the newly established reign of Henry VII (1485–1509). Simnel became the figurehead of a Yorkist rebellion organised by John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. The rebellion was crushed in 1487. Simnel was pardoned because of his tender years, and was thereafter employed by the royal household as a scullion.

Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick
Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick (25 February 1475 – 28 November 1499) was the son of Isabel Neville and George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and a potential claimant to the English throne during the reigns of both his uncle, Richard III (1483–1485), and Richard's successor, Henry VII (1485–1509). He was also a younger brother of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury. Edward was tried and executed for treason in 1499.
Gatlinburg Bypass
The Gatlinburg Bypass (also known as Parkway Bypass or U.S. Route 441 Bypass) is a 3.6-mile-long (5.8 km) bypass road around the resort city of Gatlinburg in Sevier County, Tennessee, at the edge of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. It runs between the Great Smoky Mountains Parkway (U.S. Route 321/U.S. Route 441, US 321/US 441) north of the city to Newfound Gap Road (US 441), the main route through the national park. It is owned and maintained by the National Park Service (NPS) and serves as a bypass around the business district of Gatlinburg for easier access to the national park. It is also considered part of the longer Foothills Parkway, a National Parkway that traverses the foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains. The road provides overlooks with views of the city of Gatlinburg and the mountains beyond. The Gatlinburg Bypass opened to traffic in 1968.

Newfound Gap
Newfound Gap (el. 5,048 feet (1,539 m)) is a mountain pass located near the center of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park of the southern Appalachian Mountains in the United States. Situated along the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, the state line crosses the gap, as does Newfound Gap Road (which overlaps U.S. Route 441 through the park and ends at the park's boundaries near Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and Cherokee, North Carolina). The Appalachian Trail also traverses the gap, as do a few other hiking trails.

Newfound Gap is home to the Rockefeller Memorial, a popular destination within the national park and the site from where President Franklin D. Roosevelt formally dedicated the park on September 2, 1940. According to the National Weather Service, Newfound Gap has around 19 snowy days per year. From 1991 to 2005, annual snowfall ranged from 43.5 inches (110 cm) to 106 inches (270 cm).
Ramram Das
Ramram Das was one of the earliest patriarchs of the extended Munshi family of Kadirpara and Chougachi, who co-founded the Kadirpara Estate along with his younger brother Munshi Balaram Das. He was the son of Majumdar Rajivlochan Das, younger brother of Hariram Das and elder brother of Munshi Balaram Das. He belonged to the Das family belonging to the Barendra Kayastha lineage, which originated from Mahatma Narahari Das (also known as Naradev Das). Ramram's bravery has been documented in the books Jessore-Khulnar Itihas (English: History of Jessore and Khulna) by Satish Chandra Mitra and Raja Sitaram Ray by Jadunath Bhattacharya. He, along with his younger brother Balaram, once fought off fearsome robbers with immense courage, which impressed Raja Sitaram Ray, helping them be granted with a whole village called Bilpakuria in exchange of no tax. This incident laid the foundation of the zamindari in Kadirpara, later known as the Kadirpara Estate.

Munshi Balaram Das
Munshi Balaram Das (Bengali: মুন্সি বলরাম দাস, c. 17th century) was a Bengali aristocrat and zamindar who founded the Kadirpara Estate. He served as the Munshi of Raja Sitaram Ray,  the 17th century independent Hindu zamindar who revolted against Mughal Empire.
Irish Museum of Time
The Irish Museum of Time is a horological museum in Waterford, the Republic of Ireland. It is situated in the Waterford Viking Triangle, an area with various historical sites and museums. It opened on 14 June 2021 and owns about 600 timepieces. It is a part of the Waterford Treasures, along with five other museums.

Waterford Treasures
Waterford Treasures is a group of museums in and related to the city of Waterford in Ireland. It consists of four entities branded as museums (the Medieval Museum, Irish Silver Museum, Irish Museum of Time, Irish Wake Museum) and a historic building, the former Bishop's Palace, all located in adjacent, and another historic building, Reginald's Tower, which contains the Waterford Viking Museum. All these are located in the Viking Triangle. The collections includes the 14th Century Waterford Charter Roll. Associated with Waterford Treasures are a cafe, and the Epic Walking Tour and the King of the Vikings Virtual Reality Adventure.
A49 road
The A49 is an A road in western England, which traverses the Welsh Marches region.  It runs north from Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire via Hereford, Leominster, Ludlow, Shrewsbury and Whitchurch, then continues through central Cheshire to Warrington and Wigan before terminating at its junction with the A6 road just south of Bamber Bridge, near the junction of the M6, M65 and M61 motorways.

As is hinted at by the way the place name of Stretton recurs along its route, its central part follows Iter XII of the Roman Antonine Itinerary.

The stretch between Ross-on-Wye and the A5 at Shrewsbury is a trunk road, maintained by National Highways.

A5 road (Great Britain)
The A5 is a major road in England and Wales. It runs for about 243 miles (391 km) from London to the Irish Sea at the ferry port of Holyhead. In many parts the route follows that of the Roman Iter II route which later took the Anglo-Saxon name Watling Street. It forms most of the London–Holyhead trunk road.