hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assassination of Ivan Stambolić
Ivan Stambolić (5 November 1936 - 25 August 2000) was a Serbian politician. In his career he rose to become the president of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia during the 1980s. In August 2000 he was assassinated just before a national, pivotal election, the event itself and reasoning for which is extremely important in understanding some of the events that occurred after the Yugoslav Wars.

Ivan Stambolić
Ivan Stambolić (Serbian: Иван Стамболић; 5 November 1936 – 25 August 2000) was a Serbian politician who served as the president of the League of Communists of Serbia (SKS) from 1984 to 1986. A prominent member of SKS, he also served as prime minister of Serbia from 1978 to 1982 and as president of Serbia from 1986 to 1987.

Stambolić was the mentor of Slobodan Milošević whom he also nominated as his successor to the position of the president of SKS. Milošević would, however, adopt populist positions and dismiss Stambolić and his allies in 1987. Stambolić retired from politics but remained in contact with opposition politicians during Milošević's rule in the 1990s. Stambolić was persuaded by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia to run against Milošević in the September 2000 general election, however, Stambolić disappeared in August 2000. It was later revealed that he was assassinated on the orders of Milošević. His uncle was politician Petar Stambolić.
Roanoke Valley
The Roanoke Valley (/ˈroʊ.əˌnoʊk/ ROH-ə-nohk) in southwest Virginia is an area adjacent to and including the Roanoke River between the Blue Ridge Mountains to the east and the Appalachian Plateau to the west. The valley includes much of Roanoke County, as well as the two independent cities of Roanoke and Salem.

Salem, Virginia
Salem is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,346. It is the county seat of Roanoke County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Salem with Roanoke County, which surrounds both Salem and the neighboring City of Roanoke, for statistical purposes. Salem has its own courthouse and sheriff's office, but shares a jail with Roanoke County, which is located in the Roanoke County Courthouse complex in Salem. The Roanoke County Sheriff's Office and Roanoke County Department of Social Services are also located within Salem, though the county administrative offices are located in unincorporated Cave Spring.

Roanoke College is located in the city. Salem is also the home to a Minor League Baseball team, the Salem RidgeYaks.
Walter Aipolani
Walter Aipolani (1955 – August 17, 2023), known as Bruddah Waltah, was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist of Hawaiian music. He was born in Keaukaha near Hilo, and moved to Oahu as a child with his family. In the 1980s, he began playing gigs in Waikiki. He was called the Father of Hawaiian Reggae as he and bands he played with, such as Island Afternoon, popularized Hawaiian-style reggae music in the 1980s and 1990s.

Music of Hawaii
The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. Styles like slack-key guitar are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks. Hawaii also made a contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. In addition, the music which began to be played by Puerto Ricans in Hawaii in the early 1900s is called cachi cachi music, on the islands of Hawaii.

The traditional music of Hawaii's Native Hawaiian community is largely religious in nature, and includes chanting and dance music. Hawaiian music has had a notable impact on the music of other Polynesian islands; Peter Manuel called the influence of Hawaiian music a "unifying factor in the development of modern Pacific musics".
Hidetaka Yoshioka
Hidetaka Yoshioka (吉岡 秀隆; born on August 12, 1970) is a Japanese actor known for his performance in several movies as a child and the  TV drama Dr. Coto's Clinic. He played the part of Tora-san's nephew in the Otoko wa Tsurai yo film series, and he appeared in Akira Kurosawa's Rhapsody in August and Madadayo. He won two Japan Academy Awards Best Actor for Always: Sunset on Third Street and its sequel Always: Sunset on Third Street 2.

Dr. Koto's Clinic
Dr. Koto's Clinic (Japanese: Dr.コトー診療所, Hepburn: Dokutā Kotō Shinryōjo) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Takatoshi Yamada. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Young Sunday from 2000 until the magazine's demise in 2008, at which point it moved to Big Comic Original. Shogakukan has compiled its chapters into 25 tankōbon volumes as of June 2010.

The series was adapted as a Japanese television drama series which aired between 2003 and 2006 on Fuji TV. A live-action film adaptation premiered in 2022.

By June 2022, Dr. Koto's Clinic had over 12 million copies in circulation. In 2004, the manga won the 49th Shogakukan Manga Award for the general category.
Bathurst railway station, New South Wales
Bathurst railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on Havannah Street, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the Main Western line and is the only railway station serving the city. The station was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Main Western railway line
The Main Western railway line (or Great Western Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Blue Mountains, and Central West regions. It is 825 kilometres (513 mi) long, of which 484 kilometres (301 mi) is currently operational.
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) is a cutaneous nerve of the thigh. It originates from the dorsal divisions of the second and third lumbar nerves from the lumbar plexus. It passes under the inguinal ligament to reach the thigh. It supplies sensation to the skin on the lateral part of the thigh by an anterior branch and a posterior branch.

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh can be investigated using ultrasound. Local anaesthetic can be injected around the nerve for skin grafts and surgery around the outer thigh. Nerve compression (usually around the inguinal ligament) can cause meralgia paraesthetica.

Lumbar plexus
The lumbar plexus is a web of nerves (a nerve plexus) in the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the larger lumbosacral plexus.  It is formed by the divisions of the first four lumbar nerves (L1–L4) and from contributions of the subcostal nerve (T12), which is the last thoracic nerve. Additionally, the ventral rami of the fourth lumbar nerve pass communicating branches, the lumbosacral trunk, to the sacral plexus.  The nerves of the lumbar plexus pass in front of the hip joint and mainly support the anterior part of the thigh.

The plexus is formed lateral to the intervertebral foramina and passes through psoas major.  Its smaller motor branches are distributed directly to psoas major, while the larger branches leave the muscle at various sites to run obliquely down through the pelvis to leave under the inguinal ligament with the exception of the obturator nerve which exits the pelvis through the obturator foramen.
Arkansas Highway 311
Highway 311 (AR 311, Ark. 311, and Hwy. 311) is a north–south state highway in Carroll County, Arkansas. The route of 22.74 miles (36.60 km) runs from Industrial Park Drive in Green Forest north across US 62 through rural Carroll County to Highway 21 in Blue Eye.

Carroll County, Arkansas
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,260. The county has two county seats, Berryville and Eureka Springs.  Carroll County is Arkansas's 26th county, formed on November 1, 1833, and named after Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Field of the Forty Footsteps
51°31′10″N 0°7′37″W﻿ / ﻿51.51944°N 0.12694°W﻿ / 51.51944; -0.12694

The Field of the Forty Footsteps was part of meadow lands at the back of the British Museum, once known as the Long Fields, then Southampton Fields. As the land lay behind Montague House, the town house of Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, completed in 1679, it became known as Montague Fields, which contained the Field of the Forty Footsteps.

Montagu House, Bloomsbury
Montagu House (sometimes spelled "Montague") was a late 17th-century mansion in Great Russell Street in the Bloomsbury district of London, which became the first home of the British Museum. The first house on the site was destroyed by fire in 1686. The rebuilt house was sold to the British Museum in 1759, and demolished in the 1840s to make way for the present larger building.
Holy Sepulchre Priory, Thetford
The Holy Sepulchre Priory was a medieval monastic house in Thetford, Norfolk.  The ruins of the nave of the priory's 14th-century church are the only surviving remains in England of a priory of Canons of the Holy Sepulchre, who followed the Rule of Saint Augustine and aided pilgrims to Christ's tomb. It was later used as a barn, and is a Grade I listed building.

Blackfriars, Thetford
Blackfriars, Thetford was a priory in Norfolk, England, which belonged to the Dominican Order. It was one of several religious houses in Thetford closed at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The site is now occupied by Thetford Grammar School.
Personal equation
The term personal equation, in 19th- and early 20th-century science, referred to the idea that  different observers have different reaction times, which can introduce bias when it comes to measurements and observations.  Simon Schaffer wrote it "was the name given by astronomers after Bessel to the differences in measured transit times recorded by observers in the same situation".

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (German: [ˈbɛsl̩]; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by the method of parallax. Certain important mathematical functions were first studied systematically by Bessel and were named Bessel functions in his honour.
Major League Baseball on DuMont
Major League Baseball on DuMont refers to the now defunct DuMont Television Network's coverage of Major League Baseball. More specifically, DuMont broadcast the World Series (during its very early years as a televised event) from 1947-1949.

1949 World Series
The 1949 World Series featured the New York Yankees and Brooklyn Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in five games for their second defeat of the Dodgers in three years, and the 12th championship in team history.  This victory started a record run of five straight World Series championships by the Yankees, and was also the first of 14 AL pennants in 16 years (1949–1964 except for 1954 and 1959) for the Yankees.

Both teams finished the regular season with exactly the same records and winning their respective leagues by one game.

With improvements in the then-infant television medium, the broadcast of the World Series could now be seen east of the Mississippi River. For the second consecutive season, the games were open to any channel with an affiliation with one of the national broadcast networks: NBC, CBS, ABC, or DuMont.
Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe
The Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe was an international aeronautical speed competition instituted on 25 August 1909 by the French oil magnate Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe. The race was reinstated three times through the years at the initiative of the Aéro-Club de France, and later by  Deutsch de la Meurthe's daughter Suzanne.

Suzanne Deutsch de la Meurthe
Suzanne Henriette Charlotte Deutsch de la Meurthe (20 September 1892 – 29 November 1937) was a French Jewish philanthropist who inherited a fortune from her father, a highly successful industrialist. She is remembered for restoring the village of Moÿ-de-l'Aisne which was devastated during the First World War and for launching a more effective version of the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe, triggering the development of civil aviation in France in the 1930s.
Hakim ibn Hizam
Ḥakīm ibn Ḥizām (Arabic: حكيم بن حزام) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a nephew of Khadija. Born 13 years before the event of elephants (Aam-ul-Feel) in Mecca, Arabia, he was the son of Khadija's brother, Hizam ibn Khuwaylid, and Fakhita bint Zuhayr. Known for his acumen in commerce and his charitable acts, Hakim ibn Hizam was a respected merchant and a key figure in the Quraysh tribe. He embraced Islam during the conquest of Mecca and was known for his generosity, having manumitted a hundred slaves and distributed alms extensively. His close familial ties with Khadija and his contributions to the early Muslim community in Islamic history.

Conquest of Mecca
The conquest of Mecca (Arabic: فتح مكة Fatḥ Makka) was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War. They led the early Muslims in an advance on the Quraysh-controlled city of Mecca in December 629 or January 630 (10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH). The fall of the city to Muhammad formally marked the end of the conflict between his followers and the Quraysh tribal confederation.
Dickens (crater)
Dickens is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 78 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Dickens is named for the English novelist Charles Dickens, who lived from 1812 to 1870.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

The crater Keats is north of Dickens, Han Kan is to the northeast, and Martí is to the southwest.

Mariner 10 image with Dickens right of center

Exaggerated color image by MESSENGER with Dickens right of center

Han Kan (bottom center), Van Gogh (upper left), and Dickens (right) craters

Han Kan (crater)
Han Kan is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 50 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Han Kan is named for the Chinese painter Han Gan, who lived from 720 to 780.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

On the eastern floor of Han Kan is a dark spot of low reflectance material (LRM), closely associated with hollows.

Han Kan has an extensive ray system extending for hundreds of kilometers.

Mariner 10 image with Han Kan at center

Exaggerated color image by MESSENGER with Han Kan at center

Han Kan (bottom center), Van Gogh (upper left), and Dickens (right) craters
Panzer VII Löwe
The Panzerkampfwagen VII Löwe (Lion), initially known as project VK 70.01, was a series of designs for a super-heavy tank developed by Krupp from 1941 to 1942. The project would be cancelled in favour of even heavier tanks such as the Maus.

The project was only officially known as VK 70.01 or Panzerkampfwagen Löwe, with the names Panzerkampfwagen VII and VK 72.01 appearing inconsistently in various documents but never officially recognised.

Super-heavy tank
A super-heavy tank is any tank that is notably beyond the standard of the class heavy tank in either size or weight relative to contemporary vehicles.

Programs have been initiated on several occasions with the aim of creating an extremely resilient vehicle for penetrating enemy formations without fear of being destroyed in combat; however, only a few examples were built, and there is little evidence of any super-heavy tank having seen combat. Examples were designed in the First and Second World Wars, along with a few during the Cold War.
Kiryat Menachem Begin
Kiryat Menachem Begin, named after former Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and also known as Kiryat HaMemshala, is a complex of government buildings in East Jerusalem located between Sheikh Jarrah in the north, adjacent to Mount Scopus in the east and Ammunition Hill in the west.

Kiryat HaMemshala
Kiryat HaMemshala (Hebrew: קרית הממשלה, lit. 'Government complex'), also known as Kiryat Ben-Gurion (Hebrew: קריית בן-גוריון, lit. 'Ben-Gurion complex'), is the government precinct of the State of Israel. It is located in the Givat Ram neighborhood of Jerusalem.
December 2025 Bangladesh violence
Between 18 and 20 December 2025, a series of riots, arson attacks, and political unrest occurred across Bangladesh following the assassination of Osman Hadi, the spokesperson of the Inqilab Moncho. Hadi died on 18 December after being shot six days earlier. Since the announcement of his death, violent mobs have targeted various civic and cultural institutions, including the offices of the national dailies Prothom Alo and The Daily Star, and cultural centres including Chhayanaut and Bangladesh Udichi Shilpigoshthi. Diplomatic missions of India and Awami League-related sites have also been targeted.

Lynching of Dipu Chandra Das
On 18 December 2025, Dipu Chandra Das, a Hindu garment worker in Bhaluka, Bangladesh, was beaten, hanged from a tree, and set on fire after being accused of making derogatory remarks about Islam at a factory event. Investigators later reported that no evidence was found to support the allegation.
Cayuse people
The Cayuse are a Native American tribe in what is now the state of Oregon in the United States. The Cayuse tribe shares a reservation and government in northeastern Oregon with the Umatilla and the Walla Walla tribes as part of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. The reservation is located near Pendleton, Oregon, at the base of the Blue Mountains.

The Cayuse called themselves the Liksiyu in the Cayuse language. Originally located in present-day northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington, they lived adjacent to territory occupied by the Nez Perce and had close associations with them. Like other Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau, the Cayuse placed a high premium on warfare and were skilled horsemen. They developed the Cayuse pony. The Cayuse ceded most of their traditional territory to the United States in 1855 by treaty and moved to the Umatilla Reservation, where they have formed a confederated tribe.

Umatilla Indian Reservation
The Umatilla Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It was created by The Treaty of 9 June 1855 between the United States and members of the Walla, Cayuse, and Umatilla tribes. It lies in northeastern Oregon, east of Pendleton. The reservation is mostly in Umatilla County, with a very small part extending south into Union County. It is managed by the three Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.

Located on the north side of the Blue Mountains, the reservation was established for two Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribes: the Umatilla and Walla Walla, and for the Cayuse, whose language, now extinct, was an isolate. All the tribes historically inhabited the Columbia Plateau region. The tribes share land and a governmental structure as part of their confederation.
Dru Smith
Dru Smith (born December 30, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Evansville Purple Aces and the Missouri Tigers.

Missouri Tigers men's basketball
The Missouri Tigers men's basketball team represents the University of Missouri in the SEC. Prior to the 2012–2013 season, the basketball team represented the school in the Big 12 Conference. They are located in Columbia, Missouri, playing home games at Mizzou Arena (15,061). The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2025. The Tigers' season in 2022–23 was their first under head coach Dennis Gates, who was hired away from Cleveland State to replace the fired Cuonzo Martin. The Missouri men's basketball program was a charter member of the Big 12 Conference, formed from the Big Eight Conference in 1996. Entering the 2023–24 season the Tigers had an all-time record of 1,691–1,245 and a winning percentage of .576.
Cell envelope
The cell envelope comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium. In Gram-negative bacteria an outer membrane is also included. This envelope is not present in the Mollicutes where the cell wall is absent.

Bacterial cell envelopes fall into two major categories: a Gram-positive type which stains purple during Gram staining and a Gram-negative type which stains pink during Gram staining. Either type may have an enclosing capsule of polysaccharides for extra protection. As a group these are known as polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria.

Bacterial capsule
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.

The capsule—which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria—is different from the second lipid membrane – bacterial outer membrane, which contains lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins and is found only in gram-negative bacteria. When the amorphous viscid secretion (that makes up the capsule) diffuses into the surrounding medium and remains as a loose undemarcated secretion, it is known as a slime layer. Capsule and slime layer are sometimes summarized under the term glycocalyx.
Happiness! (video game)
Happiness! (はぴねす!, Hapinesu!) is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Windmill released on October 21, 2005, for Windows PCs. The game was later ported to the PlayStation 2. An adult fan disc titled Happiness! Re:Lucks was developed by Windmill's sister brand Windmill Oasis and released on July 28, 2006, for Windows. A manga illustrated by Rino Fujii was serialized in Media Factory's Monthly Comic Alive between 2006 and 2007. A series of novels were published by Harvest between 2006 and 2008. A 12-episode anime produced by Artland aired in Japan between October and December 2006, and an original video animation episode followed in January 2007.

Artland (company)
Artland Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社アートランド, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ātorando) is a Japanese animation studio. It has produced numerous noted anime series, including the award-winning Mushishi and epic Legend of the Galactic Heroes. It is also well known for producing the anime adaptation of Katekyō Hitman Reborn!.
Stenico
Stenico (Sténech in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,119 and an area of 49.8 square kilometres (19.2 mi2).

Stenico borders the following municipalities: Pinzolo, Ragoli, Giustino, San Lorenzo in Banale, Bocenago, Dorsino, Montagne and Comano Terme.

Comano Terme
Comano Terme (Comàn in local dialect) is an Italian comune (municipality) of the province of Trentino in northern Italy. It was created on 1 January 2010 by the union of the former comuni of Bleggio Inferiore and Lomaso.
River Glen, Northumberland
The River Glen is a seven mile long tributary of the River Till flowing through northern Northumberland, England, United Kingdom. The College Burn and Bowmont Water, both flowing out of the Cheviot Hills, meet near Kirknewton to form the River Glen. The Glen flows past the small settlements of Yeavering, Lanton, Coupland, Akeld, and Ewart, and through the valley of Glendale, before joining the Till.

Glendale, Northumberland
Glendale is the name of a valley in North Northumberland that runs from the Cheviot Hills at Kirknewton onto the Milfield Plain, formed by the River Glen. However, the name is generally taken to indicate the area around the town of Wooler.