hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ginzburg–Landau theory
In physics, Ginzburg–Landau theory, often called Landau–Ginzburg theory, named after Vitaly Ginzburg and Lev Landau, is a mathematical physical theory used to describe superconductivity.  In its initial form, it was postulated as a phenomenological model which could describe type-I superconductors without examining  their microscopic properties. One GL-type superconductor is the famous YBCO, and generally all cuprates.

Later, a  version of Ginzburg–Landau theory was derived from the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer microscopic theory by Lev Gor'kov, thus showing that it also appears in some limit of microscopic theory and giving microscopic interpretation of all its parameters. The theory can also be given a general geometric setting, placing it in the context of Riemannian geometry, where in many cases exact solutions can be given. This general setting then extends to quantum field theory and string theory, again owing to its solvability, and its close relation to other, similar systems.

Vitaly Ginzburg
Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ForMemRS (Russian: Вита́лий Ла́заревич Ги́нзбург; 4 October [O.S. 21 September] 1916 – 8 November 2009) was a Russian physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with Alexei Abrikosov and Anthony Leggett for their "pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids."

He spent his career in the former Soviet Union and was one of the leading figure in former  Soviet program of nuclear weapons, working towards designs of the thermonuclear devices. He became a member of the  Russian Academy of Sciences and succeeded Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FIAN). In his later life, Ginzburg become an outspoken atheist and was critical of clergy's influence in Russian society.
Jean-Philippe Gatien
Jean-Philippe Gatien (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ filip ɡasjɛ̃], born 16 October 1968, in Alès, France, is a retired French table tennis player.

He competed in four Olympics Games from 1988 to 2000, winning silver in the singles at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and bronze in doubles (with Patrick Chila) at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. He won the World Table Tennis Championships in 1993, the Table Tennis World Cup in 1994, and was 13-time "champion de France". A left-handed player, his offensive style featured a superb forehand smash.

He has also won three English Open titles.

Following numerous injuries, Gatien retired on 15 May 2004. Having made his debut with French club AS Salindres, he made his final public appearance there in an exhibition match with Patrick Chila, June 2006. His long list of victories make him the greatest French table tennis player of all time.

Patrick Chila
Patrick Antoine Edouard Chila (born 27 November 1969 in Ris-Orangis, Essonne) is a French table tennis player who has competed at five Olympics from 1992 to 2008.

He won a bronze medal with Jean-Philippe Gatien in doubles at the 2000 Olympics. He is also four-time champion of France (1998, 2003, 2007, 2008).

He announced his international retirement after his participation in the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008.
Zoe's Tale
Zoe's Tale is a science fiction novel by American writer John Scalzi. It is the fourth full-length book in the Old Man's War universe. Zoe's Tale is a parallel retelling of Scalzi's third Old Man's War novel, The Last Colony, written as a first-person narrative from the viewpoint of Zoë Boutin Perry. It follows up on several plot points that were underrepresented in the original novel.

Old Man's War
Old Man's War is a military science fiction novel by American writer John Scalzi,  published in 2005. His debut novel was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2006.

Old Man's War is the first novel in Scalzi's Old Man's War series. A sequel, The Ghost Brigades, was published in 2006, followed by two other books, The Last Colony (2007) and Zoe's Tale (2008). Another book in the series, The Human Division, was published as a serial and then collected in a novel (2013). The next book in the series, The End of All Things, was published in June 2015 as four novellas. The seventh novel The Shattering Peace was released in September 2025.

It was optioned by Paramount Pictures in 2011.
Sheriff of Berkshire and Oxfordshire
This is a list of Sheriffs of Berkshire and Oxfordshire. One sheriff was appointed for both counties from 1248 until the end of 1566 (except for 1258–1259), after which separate sheriffs were appointed. See High Sheriff of Berkshire and High Sheriff of Oxfordshire for dates before 1248 or after 1566.

High Sheriff of Berkshire
The High Sheriff of Berkshire, in common with other counties, was originally the King's representative on taxation upholding the law in Saxon times. The word Sheriff evolved from 'shire-reeve'.

The title of High Sheriff is therefore much older than the other crown appointment, the Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire, which came about after 1545. Between 1248 and 1566, Berkshire and Oxfordshire formed a joint shrievalty (apart from a brief period in 1258/1259). See High Sheriff of Oxfordshire.

Unlike the Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire, which is generally held from appointment until the holder's death or incapacity, the title of High Sheriff is appointed / reappointed annually. The High Sheriff is assisted by an Under-Sheriff of Berkshire.
In the Good Old Summertime
In the Good Old Summertime is a 1949 American Technicolor musical romantic comedy film directed by Robert Z. Leonard.  It stars Judy Garland, Van Johnson, S. Z. Sakall, Spring Byington, Clinton Sundberg, and Buster Keaton in his first featured film role at MGM since 1933.

The film is a musical adaptation of the 1940 film The Shop Around the Corner, which was directed by Ernst Lubitsch, starring James Stewart, Margaret Sullavan, and Frank Morgan, and written by Miklós László, based on his 1937 play Parfumerie. For In the Good Old Summertime, the locale has been changed from 1930s Budapest to turn-of-the-century Chicago, but the plot remains the same. The plot was also revived in the 1998 film You've Got Mail, starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan.

The Shop Around the Corner
The Shop Around the Corner is a 1940 American romantic comedy-drama film produced and directed by Ernst Lubitsch starring Margaret Sullavan, James Stewart, Frank Morgan, and Joseph Schildkraut. The screenplay by Samson Raphaelson is based on the 1937 Hungarian play Parfumerie by Miklós László. The film is about two employees at a leather goods shop in pre-war Budapest who can barely stand each other, not realizing they are falling in love as anonymous correspondents through their letters. It follows social themes associated with the lives of the middle class. Though the film did not do well at the box office, it was met with generally positive reviews from film critics. It has since been adapted into three productions. In 1999 The Shop Around the Corner was selected with 24 other films to be included in the National Film Registry as "culturally, historically or aesthically" significant and is also included in the all-time top 100 movies selected by Time magazine.
Amiina
Amiina (formerly Amína, stylized in lowercase) is an Icelandic band composed of members 
Maria Huld Markan Sigfúsdóttir, and Sólrún Sumarliðadóttir, Magnús Trygvason Eliassen and Guðmundur Vignir Karlsson. In the past they have frequently performed live and in the studio with Sigur Rós.

Their music is made with a great number of instruments. It contains elements of minimalistic style, contemporary classical, ambient, and electronic loops. In their performances each member will play many instruments, sometimes moving across the stage, going from one instrument to another mid-song.

Sigur Rós
Sigur Rós (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsɪːɣʏrous] ⓘ) is an Icelandic post-rock band that formed in 1994 in Reykjavík. It comprises lead vocalist and guitarist Jón Þór "Jónsi" Birgisson, bassist Georg Hólm, and keyboardist Kjartan Sveinsson. Known for their ethereal sound, frontman Jónsi's falsetto vocals, and their use of bowed guitar, Sigur Rós incorporate classical and minimal aesthetic elements. Jónsi's vocals are sung in Icelandic and non-linguistic vocalisations the band terms Vonlenska. They have released eight studio albums, and attracted critical and commercial attention with their second album Ágætis byrjun.
Muslim Democratic Union
The Muslim Democratic Union (German: Muslimische Demokratische Union) or MDU, was a minor Islamist political party in Germany. The party was founded during 2010 in Osnabrück and aimed to partake in the municipal elections the following year. It was primarily active in Lower Saxony, in particular Osnabrück, but also had members in North Rhine-Westphalia. The party was categorized as extremist and Salafist by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution in Lower Saxony.

The MDU merged into the Alliance for Innovation and Justice in March 2014.

Alliance for Innovation and Justice
The Alliance for Innovation and Justice (German: Bündnis für Innovation und Gerechtigkeit; BIG) is a minor party in Germany aimed primarily at immigrants of Islamic origin. It was founded in the city of Cologne in 2010.
Shirehampton
Shirehampton is a district of Bristol in England, near Avonmouth, at the northwestern edge of the city.

It originated as a separate village, retains a High Street with a parish church and shops, and is still thought of as a village by many of its 6,867 inhabitants. Although on the far northwest corner, and largely separated from the rest of Bristol by a broad swathe of parkland extending from the Blaise Castle estate, with the River Avon forming a barrier for access to Somerset, the community is still a convenient location from which to reach all parts of the city.

Travel is also easy from Shirehampton into Gloucestershire, South Wales and Somerset since it lies within reach of the main motorways in the area, including the M5, the M4 Second Severn Crossing, and the M49, and it is served by the A4 Portway and by Shirehampton railway station, which allow access to near the city centre. It is informally known to local people as "Shire".

Avonmouth
Avonmouth (/ˈeɪ.vənmaʊθ/ AY-vən-mowth) is a port and outer suburb of Bristol, England, on the north bank of the mouth of the River Avon and the eastern shore of the Severn Estuary. Part of the Port of Bristol, Avonmouth Docks is important to the region's maritime economy, hosting large vessels for the unloading and exporting of heavier goods. Much of the land use is industrial, including warehousing, light industry, electrical power and sanitation. The M5 motorway bisects the neighbourhood, with junctions onto the A4 road and M49 motorway, and it has stations on the Severn Beach Line railway.

Avonmouth is part of the Bristol City Council electoral ward of Avonmouth and Lawrence Weston, which also includes Shirehampton and the western end of Lawrence Weston.
Victoria Bridge, Mar Lodge Estate
Victoria Bridge is the early 20th century lattice girder bridge over the River Dee at Mar Lodge on Mar Lodge Estate, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. This bridge, built in 1905 and replaced an earlier wooden bridge, built in 1848 by the Duke of Leeds during his tenancy of the estate. The archway at the south end of the bridge bears '1848 Queen Victoria 1848' on the south side and '1905 Edward VII 1905' commemorating the construction of both bridges and the reigning monarch at the time.

Mar Lodge
Mar Lodge is a sporting lodge 5 miles (8 kilometres) to the west of Braemar and the principal building on the Mar Lodge Estate in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It was built in 1895, replacing an earlier building, by Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife.
Rachel Zegler
Rachel Anne Zegler (/ˈzɛɡlər/ ⓘ ZEG-lər; born May 3, 2001) is an American actress and singer. She gained wide recognition for her performance as María in Steven Spielberg's film adaptation West Side Story (2021), winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.

She has since portrayed Anthea in the superhero action film Shazam! Fury of the Gods (2023), Lucy Gray Baird in the teen dystopian drama The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes (2023), and the titular character in the musical fantasy Snow White (2025), which generated significant controversy and was considered to be a box-office bomb. On stage, she made her Broadway debut playing Juliet in Romeo and Juliet (2024), and her West End debut as the titular character in the musical Evita (2025).

Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
The Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951. Previously, there was a single award for "Best Actress in a Motion Picture", but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actress – Drama.

The formal title has varied since its inception. In 2005, it was officially called "Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical". The current wording is "Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy".
No. 297 Squadron RAF
No 297 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force.  It was notable for being the first airborne forces squadron formed. With sister No. 296 Squadron it formed No. 38 Wing in January 1942, joined in August by No. 295 Squadron; the wing expanded in 1943 to become No. 38 Group. The squadron saw action in Sicily and took part in the D-Day invasion and Operation Market Garden. It was disbanded in 1950.

No. 295 Squadron RAF
No 295 Squadron RAF was an airborne forces and transport squadron of the Royal Air Force during World War II.  It was the first unit to be equipped with the Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle transport and glider tug aircraft.
Tour Championship (snooker)
The Tour Championship is a professional snooker tournament first held in 2019. The event features the 12 (previously eight) highest ranked players on the one-year ranking list, which reflects prize money won at ranking events since the beginning of the season.

The Tour Championship is the third and final tournament in the Players Series, following the World Grand Prix and the Players Championship. The event features a prize fund of £380,000, with the winner receiving £150,000. The tournament is broadcast by ITV Sport in the United Kingdom and Eurosport across the rest of Europe. The reigning champion is John Higgins, who won the 2025 Tour Championship with a 10–8 win over Mark Selby in the final.

Players Series
The Players Series is a ranking bonus competition for players who have earned the most money in professional snooker tournaments within the season, first established in 2019. Unlike traditional ranking events, qualification is based on results from the single-season list, rather than by world rankings.

The series includes the pre-existing World Grand Prix and Players Championship with the addition of the Tour Championship.The number of competitors for each event decreases, with 32 players participating in the Grand Prix, 16 in the Players and 12 in the Tour Championship.
Aditi Mangaldas
Aditi Mangaldas (born 1960) is a Kathak dancer and choreographer, who is known for her classical Kathak as well as 'contemporary dance based on kathak"  repertoire. Mangaldas is hailed as one of the leading dancers in the field of Kathak in India as well as across the world.

Mangaldas has trained under Kumudini Lakhia and Pundit Birju Maharaj. Besides dancing classical Kathak, she uses the strong foundation of classical dance to evolve a contemporary vocabulary in Kathak, for which she has received international acclaim. Mangaldas has won numerous awards for her notable contributions in Kathak including the National Sangeet NatakAkademi Award in 2013; which due to compelling reasons she declined.  She heads the Aditi Mangaldas Dance Company – The Drishtikon Dance Foundation, Delhi, where she is the artistic director and runs the repertory consisting of Kathak dancers and musicians.

Birju Maharaj
Birju Maharaj (born Brijmohan Nath Mishra; 4 February 1938 – 17 January 2022) was an Indian dancer, composer, singer, and exponent of the Lucknow "Kalka-Bindadin" Gharana of Kathak dance in India. He was a descendant of the Maharaj family of Kathak dancers, which includes his two uncles, Shambhu Maharaj and Lachhu Maharaj, and his father and guru, Acchan Maharaj. He also practised Hindustani classical music and was a vocalist. After working along with his uncle, Shambhu Maharaj at Bhartiya Kala Kendra, later the Kathak Kendra, New Delhi, he remained head of the latter, for several years, until his retirement in 1998 when he opened his own dance school, Kalashram, also in Delhi.

Birju Maharaj was a recipient of the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honour, in 1986.
China Time-honored Brand
China Time-honored Brand (Chinese: Zhonghua lao zihao 中华老字号 or simply lao zihao 老字号) is a title granted by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China to Chinese enterprises that existed before 1956, sell products, techniques or services passed down through generations, have distinct Chinese cultural characteristics and are widely recognized by society.

This title was first granted soon after the foundation of the PRC in 1949. The current eligibility criteria were set in 2006, when the Ministry of Commerce revised them for the last time.

There are currently around 1,000 brands granted this title, among which are Tongrentang (traditional Chinese medicine), Quanjude (Peking Duck), Laobian Dumpling (dumplings), and Go Believe (baozi or steamed dumpling). Many of the shops have a history of over 400 years, and in modern times have begun to expand via mass commercialization of their products.

Tong Ren Tang
Tong Ren Tang (TRT; Chinese: 同仁堂) is a Chinese pharmaceutical company founded in 1669. It is now the largest producer of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The company headquarters are in Beijing, where they engage in both manufacturing and retail sales. It operates drug stores, predominantly in Chinese-speaking regions. Tong Ren Tang is considered one of the "Big 4" traditional Chinese medicine brands still in existence. The four companies include (listed in order of age not size): Guangyuyuan (1541 AD), Guangzhou Chen Liji (1600 AD), Beijing Tong Ren Tang (1669), and Hangzhou Hu Qing Yu Tang (1874).  Tong Ren Tang, and GuangYuYuan have been officially recognized as "China Time-Honored Brands" by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China.
Internal thoracic artery
The internal thoracic artery (ITA), also known as the internal mammary artery, is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.

Intercostal arteries
The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries passing within an intercostal space (the space between two adjacent ribs). There are 9 anterior and 11 posterior intercostal arteries on each side of the body. The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery and its terminal branch – the musculophrenic artery. The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the supreme intercostal artery and thoracic aorta.

Each anterior intercostal artery anastomoses with the corresponding posterior intercostal artery arising from the thoracic aorta.
Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation
The Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC) (March 1946 – 1950) was a computer company founded by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. It was incorporated on December 22, 1947. After building the ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania, Eckert and Mauchly formed EMCC to build new computer designs for commercial and military applications. The company was initially called the Electronic Control Company, changing its name to Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation when it was incorporated.  In 1950, the company was sold to Remington Rand, which later merged with Sperry Corporation to become Sperry Rand, and survives today as Unisys.

Remington Rand
Remington Rand, Inc. was an early American business machine manufacturer, originally a typewriter manufacturer and in a later incarnation the manufacturer of the UNIVAC line of mainframe computers. Formed in 1927 following a merger, Remington Rand was a diversified conglomerate making other office equipment, electric shavers, etc. The Remington Rand Building at 315 Park Avenue South in New York City is a 20-floor skyscraper completed in 1911. After 1955, Remington Rand had a long series of mergers and acquisitions that eventually resulted in the formation of Unisys.

During World War II, Remington Rand produced M1911 pistols used by the United States Armed Forces.
Elgiganten
Elgiganten is a consumer electronics retailer operating in Denmark (including Greenland) and Sweden, where its parent Elkjøp operates in Norway and have subsidiaries like Gigantti (Finland), Elko (Iceland) and Elding (Faroe Islands). There are Elgiganten A/S (Denmark) and Elgiganten AB (Sweden) both directly operated under Elkjøp Nordic AS.

Currently, Peder Stedal is Managing Director of Elgiganten A/S and Niclas Eriksson is Managing Director of Elgiganten AB. In 2009, English actor John Cleese participated in adverts running on Danish, Swedish, Norwegian  and Finnish television to promote the company. On May 16, 2014, it became clear that Dixons Retail, owner of Elgiganten and The Carphone Warehouse, owner of Phone House in Sweden, are merging. The new company is called Dixons Carphone has changed its name to Dixons Carphone since September 2021.

Elkjøp
Elkjøp, better known as Elgiganten outside Norway, is the largest consumer electronics retailer in the Nordic countries with four hundred stores in six countries and 24,000 employees. Elkjøp was founded by Trygve Fjetland on 16 March 1962. It was purchased in November 1999 by Currys plc. Elkjøp owned stores for a time in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The coined name Elkjøp translates from Norwegian as El purchase, where El is understood as shorthand for elektrisk (“electric”) or elektronisk (“electronic”). The company operated as an independent company with its own management and leadership. It merged with Elkjøp on 15 January 2018.
Hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk
The hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk are branches of the anterior vagal trunk that provide parasympathetic innervation the liver,: 499  and gallbladder.: 266  Each anterior vagal trunk (it may be doubled or tripled) issues 1-2 hepatic branches which pass through the superior part of the omentum minus to reach and join the hepatic (nervous) plexus: 250–252  before proceeding to the porta hepatis.: 262  The anterior vagal trunk is the main source of parasymathetic afferents for the hepatic plexus.

Hepatic plexus
The hepatic plexus is a sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve plexus that provides innervation to the parenchyma of the liver as well as contributing innervation to some other abdominal structures.

Its sympathetic component is derived from the coeliac and superior mesenteric plexuses; its parasympathetic component is derived from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks.
Kamin Science Center
The Kamin Science Center,  formerly known as the Carnegie Science Center, is one of the four Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is located in the Chateau neighborhood, across the street from Acrisure Stadium.

Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh
Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh is a nonprofit organization that operates four museums in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The organization is headquartered in the Carnegie Institute and Library complex in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The Carnegie Institute complex, which includes the original museum, recital hall, and library, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 30, 1979.