hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
S-expression
In computer programming, an S-expression (or symbolic expression, abbreviated as sexpr or sexp) is an expression in a like-named notation for nested list (tree-structured) data. S-expressions were invented for, and popularized by, the programming language Lisp, which uses them for source code as well as data.

Canonical S-expressions
A Canonical S-expression (or csexp) is a binary encoding form of a subset of general S-expression (or sexp).  It was designed for use in SPKI to retain the power of S-expressions and ensure canonical form for applications such as digital signatures while achieving the compactness of a binary form and maximizing the speed of parsing.

The particular subset of general S-expressions applicable here is composed of atoms, which are byte strings, and parentheses used to delimit lists or sub-lists. These S-expressions are fully recursive.

While S-expressions are typically encoded as text, with spaces delimiting atoms and quotation marks used to surround atoms that contain spaces, when using the canonical encoding each atom is encoded as a length-prefixed byte string. No whitespace separating adjacent elements in a list is permitted. The length of an atom is expressed as an ASCII decimal number followed by a ":".
Padilla v. Kentucky
Padilla v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010), is a case in which the United States Supreme Court decided that criminal defense attorneys must advise noncitizen clients about the deportation risks of a guilty plea. The case extended the Supreme Court's prior decisions on criminal defendants' Sixth Amendment right to counsel to immigration consequences.

The duties of Counsel recognized in Padilla are broad. After Padilla, if the law is unambiguous, attorneys must advise their criminal clients that deportation will result from a conviction. Also, if the immigration consequences of a conviction are unclear or uncertain, attorneys must advise that deportation "may" result. Finally, attorneys must give their clients some advice about deportation: counsel cannot remain silent about immigration.

After Padilla, there has been significant litigation in the lower courts about whether attorneys are required to advise their criminal clients about other consequences of convictions.

Collateral consequences of criminal conviction
Collateral consequences of criminal conviction are the additional civil state penalties, mandated by statute, that attach to a criminal conviction. They are not part of the direct consequences of criminal conviction, such as prison, fines, or probation. They are the further civil actions by the state that are triggered as a consequence of the conviction.

In some jurisdictions, a judge, finding a defendant guilty of a crime, can order that no conviction be recorded, thereby relieving the person of the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction.
Tomoru Honda
Tomoru Honda (Japanese: 本多 灯, Hepburn: Honda Tomoru; born 31 December 2001) is a Japanese competitive swimmer. He is the world record holder in the short course 200 metre butterfly. He won a silver medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's 200 metre butterfly event.

Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held in 2021 at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre. It was the event's seventeenth consecutive appearance, having been held at every edition since 1956.
Newport Cathedral
Newport Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gaderiol Casnewydd/Cadeirlan Casnewydd), also known as St Gwynllyw's or St Woolos' Cathedral, is the cathedral of the Diocese of Monmouth within the Church in Wales, and the seat of the Bishop of Monmouth. Its official title is Newport Cathedral Church of St Woolos, King and Confessor. The English name, Woolos, is an anglicisation of the Welsh name Gwynllyw.: 280

It became a cathedral in 1949 and while it is the size of a large parish church rather than a typical cathedral, its history and development from the sixth to the twentieth century make it arguably one of the most interesting religious buildings in Wales.: 159

Gwynllyw
Gwynllyw Filwr or Gwynllyw Farfog (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡwɪnɬɪu]), known in English in a corrupted form as Woolos the Warrior or Woolos the Bearded (Latin: Gundleus, Gundleius or Gwenleue; c. 450 – 500 CE) was a Welsh king and religious figure.

He was King of Gwynllŵg in South Wales and is the legendary founder and patron saint of the City of Newport, living in the 5th century. According to medieval tradition, he was a feared warlord and livestock raider who was acquainted with the mythical King Arthur, but later encountered religion and became a hermit, founding St Woolos Cathedral in Newport. He was the father of one of the most revered of Welsh saints, Saint Cadoc the Wise.
Macrolepiota procera
Macrolepiota procera, the parasol mushroom, is a basidiomycete fungus with a large, prominent fruiting body resembling a parasol. It resembles some toxic species.

It is a fairly common species on well-drained soils. It is found solitary or in groups and fairy rings in pastures and occasionally in woodland. It is widespread in temperate regions of Eurasia and possibly North America. It is a well-regarded edible mushroom.

Fairy ring
A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by sporocarps (fungal spore pods) in rings or arcs, as well as by a necrotic zone (dead grass), or a ring of dark green grass. Fungus mycelium is present in the ring or arc underneath. The rings may grow to over 10 metres (33 ft) in diameter, and they become stable over time as the fungus grows and seeks food underground.

Fairy rings are the subject of much folklore and myth worldwide, particularly in Western Europe. They are alternately seen as hazardous or dangerous places linked with witches or the Devil, or as a sign of good fortune.
Multiverse (DC Comics)
In most of the DC Comics media, the Multiverse is a "cosmic construct" that is composed of the many universes the stories of DC media take place in. The worlds within the multiverse share a space and fate in common, and its structure has changed several times in the history of DC Comics.

Elseworlds
Elseworlds is the publication imprint for American comic books produced by DC Comics for stories that take place outside the DC Universe canon. Elseworlds publications are set in alternate realities that deviate from the established continuity of DC's regular comics. The "Elseworlds" name was trademarked in 1989, the same year as the first Elseworlds publication.
Patuxent Range
The Patuxent Range (84°43′S 64°30′W﻿ / ﻿84.717°S 64.500°W﻿ / -84.717; -64.500﻿ (Patuxent Range)) is a major range of the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.
It comprises the Thomas Hills, Anderson Hills, Mackin Table and various nunataks and ridges bounded by the Foundation Ice Stream, Academy Glacier and the Patuxent Ice Stream.

Anderson Hills
The Anderson Hills (84°30′S 64°0′W﻿ / ﻿84.500°S 64.000°W﻿ / -84.500; -64.000﻿ (Anderson Hills)) are an irregular group of hills, ridges and peaks between Mackin Table and the Thomas Hills in the Patuxent Range, Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.
Villino Panichi
Villino Panichi is a Liberty-style villa in Grosseto, Italy. It is located on the corner between Piazza Fratelli Rosselli and Via Oriana Fallaci, just outside the historic center in the suburb of Porta Nuova.

Piazza della Vasca
Piazza Fratelli Rosselli, better known as Piazza della Vasca (lit. 'Basin's Square'), is a public square in Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy.

Located outside the Medicean walls in the immediate area beyond Porta Nuova, the square is officially dedicated to the brothers Carlo and Nello Rosselli but is commonly referred to as "della Vasca" ("of the Basin") due to the semicircular fountain at its center, which effectively serves as a traffic roundabout. The circular square is surrounded by monumental architectural complexes, such as the Palazzo del Governo, the Palazzo delle Poste, and the Cosimini multipurpose building.

Five roads converge and depart from the square, connecting the city center with various parts of Grosseto.
Jacob's Ladder (Not in My Name)
"Jacob's Ladder (Not in My Name)" is a song by English rock band Chumbawamba. An earlier version of the song, criticizing Winston Churchill, was included on their 2002 studio album Readymades, but in response to the incipient Iraq War, the group rewrote the song as a broader criticism of war. It has been described as an anti-war song, and incorporates folk influences as well as sampling.

The song was released as a CD single and as a free download on the group's website in December 2002; it was later included on a re-release of Readymades. Following its release, it was featured in multiple collections of anti-war songs, and the group performed it at a January 2003 protest in Washington, DC.

Readymades (album)
Readymades is the tenth studio album by Chumbawamba. It also features vocal samples from contemporary and traditional folk artists, some of whom Chumbawamba would go on to work with in the future. The album's title refers to the use of everyday objects as art by Marcel Duchamp.

The album's artwork pays a homage to the I Have Nothing to Say And I'm Saying It poster designed by Alan Fletcher, which was in turn a self-portrait of German Dadaist John Heartfield (born Helmut Herzfelde).
Spencer Fullerton Baird
Spencer Fullerton Baird (/ˈbɛərd/; February 3, 1823 – August 19, 1887) was an American naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and museum curator. Baird was the first curator to be named at the Smithsonian Institution. He eventually served as assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian from 1850 to 1878, and as Secretary from 1878 until 1887. He was dedicated to expanding the natural history collections of the Smithsonian which he increased from 6,000 specimens in 1850 to over 2 million by the time of his death. He also served as the U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1871 to 1887 and published over 1,000 works during his lifetime.

United States Fish Commission
The United States Fish Commission, formally known as the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, was an agency of the United States government created in 1871 to investigate, promote, and preserve the fisheries of the United States. In 1903, it was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries, sometimes referred to as the United States Fisheries Service, which operated until 1940. In 1940, the Bureau of Fisheries was abolished when its personnel and facilities became part of the newly created Fish and Wildlife Service, under the United States Department of the Interior.
The Quiet Earth (film)
The Quiet Earth is a 1985 New Zealand post-apocalyptic science fiction film directed by Geoff Murphy and starring Bruno Lawrence, Alison Routledge and Peter Smith as three survivors of a cataclysmic disaster. It is loosely based on the 1981 science fiction novel of the same name by Craig Harrison. Other sources of inspiration have been suggested: the 1954 novel I Am Legend, Dawn of the Dead, and especially the 1959 film The World, the Flesh and the Devil, of which it has been called an unofficial remake.

Pete Smith (actor)
Peter Bruce Smith (7 August 1958 – 29 January 2022) was a New Zealand actor. He appeared in iconic New Zealand films such as The Quiet Earth (1985), The Piano (1993) and Once Were Warriors (1994), as well as working on well known television shows, including appearances on The Billy T James Show (1990) and Shortland Street in 1999.
Chokgyur Lingpa Foundation
The Chokgyur Lingpa Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization associated with a Tibetan Buddhist monastery, Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling, near Boudhanath, on the outskirts of Kathmandu, Nepal. Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, along his son, Kyabgön Phakchok Rinpoche, serve as Spiritual Heads and Directors of the Chokgyur Lingpa Foundation. Their family contains many of the most popular modern Tibetan lamas, including Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsoknyi Rinpoche, and Mingyur Rinpoche.

The Chokgyur Lingpa Foundation was first founded in the US in 2006 by Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche together with Kyabgön Phakchok Rinpoche. Since then they have expanded their presence, and are now officially organized as a nonprofit organization in Nepal, the US and Hong Kong.

Kyabgön Phakchok Rinpoche
Phakchok Rinpoche (born 1981) is a teacher of the Nyingma lineage and chief lineage holder of the Taklung Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. He is Vajra Master of Ka-Nying Shedrup Ling monastery, abbot of several monasteries in Nepal, and assists monasteries and practice centers in Tibet. In addition, he serves as Director of the Chokgyur Lingpa Foundation, a nonprofit organization engaged in a wide range of humanitarian projects.
Daewon Media
Daewon Media (Korean: 대원미디어; RR: Daewon Midieo), formerly Daiwon C&A Holdings, is a South Korean company specializing in character and animation-related business. Founded in 1973, Daewon's subsidiaries include Daewon C.I., Haksan Publishing, and Daewon Broadcasting; it is involved in comic publishing, animation production, video gaming, character licensing, TV animation broadcasting, and animation importing/exporting. Its current chair and co-CEO is Jung Wook and its president and co-CEO is Ahn Hyeon-dong.

Daewon Broadcasting
Daiwon Digital Broadcasting, Ltd. is a Korean company jointly launched by Daewon Media, Toei Animation, Shogakukan, Bandai, TMS Entertainment, Sunrise, Gina World and Bandai Korea.

Established in 2001, the company had a capital of US$ 4.2 million, with 8.25% provided by Toei and around 11% by Bandai and its subsidiaries. Since the beginning, its channels were carried by SkyLife.

The company owns animation channels Anione and Anibox, as well as Channel J, a channel specialized in Japanese content.
Malaysian Army
The Malaysian Army (Malay: Tentera Darat Malaysia; Jawi: تنترا دارت مليسيا‎) is the land component of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Steeped in British Army traditions, the Malaysian Army does not carry the title ‘royal’ (diraja) as do the Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. Instead, the title is bestowed on selected army corps and regiments who have been accorded the honour by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong ('The King of Malaysia'), who is the Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces.

Royal Malaysian Navy
The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN, Malay: Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia; TLDM; Jawi: تنترا لاءوت دراج مليسيا‎) is the naval arm of the Malaysian Armed Forces. RMN is the main agency responsible for the country's maritime surveillance and defence operations. RMN's area of operation consists of 603,210 square kilometers covering the country's coastal areas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). RMN also bears the responsibility of controlling the country's main Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC) such as the Straits of Malacca and the Straits of Singapore and also monitors national interests in areas with overlapping claims such as in Spratly.
Aldwych
Aldwych (pronounced /ˈɔːldwɪtʃ/ AWLD-witch) is a street and the name of the area immediately surrounding it, in the City of Westminster, part of Greater London, and is part of the West End Theatreland. The 450 metres (1,480 ft) street starts 600 metres (2,000 ft) east-northeast of Charing Cross, the conventional map centre-point of the capital city.

In the 7th century, the area was an Anglo-Saxon settlement. The name means "old port", and was the port of the City of London.

A4 road (England)
The A4 is a major road in England from Central London to Avonmouth via Heathrow Airport, Reading, Bath and Bristol. It is historically known as the Bath Road with newer sections including the Great West Road and Portway. The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after the A40, the second main western artery from London.

Although most traffic is carried by the M4 motorway today, the A4 still acts as the main route from Bristol to London for non-motorway traffic.
Ruth Rivera Marín
Ruth María Rivera Marín (18 June 1927 – 15 December 1969) was a Mexican architect. Her professional experience centered on teaching, institutional management, theory and practice related to architecture. She was the first woman student of the College of Engineering and Architecture at the National Polytechnic Institute.

Instituto Politécnico Nacional
The National Polytechnic Institute (Spanish: Instituto Politécnico Nacional), abbreviated IPN, is one of the largest public universities in Mexico with 171,581 students at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It was ranked third in Mexico, behind Tecnológico de Monterrey and UNAM and 246th in the Engineering and Technology category in 2025 by QS World University Rankings. It was founded on 1 January 1936 during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas.

The institute consists of 98 academic units offering 290 courses of study. It includes 57 technical careers, 79 undergraduate and 154 postgraduate programs. Its main campus, called 'Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos' or 'Zacatenco', located in northern Mexico City, covers approximately 530 acres (2.1 km2) .

The IPN is based primarily in Mexico City, but with several research institutes and facilities distributed over 22 states.
Kenora Thistles (senior)
The Kenora Thistles were a Canadian senior ice hockey club from Kenora, Ontario. The club most recently played in the 2015–16 season in the Hockey Northwestern Ontario and were hosts of the 2011 Allan Cup.

Thunder Bay K&A Twins
The Thunder Bay Twins were a Canadian Senior ice hockey team from Thunder Bay, Ontario.  They played an independent schedule under the supervision of Hockey Northwestern Ontario.  They competed for the Allan Cup, the Grand Championship of Canadian senior hockey.
Nathan Phillips (politician)
Nathan Phillips QC (7 November 1892 – 7 January 1976) was a Canadian politician who served as the 53rd mayor of Toronto from 1955 to 1962. A lawyer by training, Phillips was first elected to Toronto City Council in 1926. He is the city's first Jewish mayor, ending an unbroken string of Protestant mayors.

Toronto City Council
Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The current term began on November 15, 2022.
Bin Akao
Bin Akao (赤尾敏, Akao Bin; 15 January 1899 – 6 February 1990) was a Japanese far-right (uyoku) politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives of Japan during World War II.

Akao was cofounder and first president of the Kenkokukai and became one of the leading ultranationalists in Japan during the 1920s. Akao was elected to the House of Representatives as an independent in 1942 and espoused a unique type of Japanese nationalism characterized by support for the United States and opposition to the Pacific War. Akao founded and became the first president of the far-right Greater Japan Patriotic Party in 1951 and continued to adamantly champion pro-United States and anti-communist stances in post-war Japan.

Greater Japan Patriotic Party
The Greater Japan Patriotic Party (大日本愛国党, Dai Nippon Aikokutō), frequently abbreviated to Aikokutō (愛国党, Aikokutō), is a Japanese political party and far-right political group. It was created in 1951 by right-wing ultranationalist Bin Akao, who became the first head of the party.

Otoya Yamaguchi, who assassinated Inejirō Asanuma of the Japan Socialist Party in 1960, was a member of the Aikokutō, as was Kazutaka Komori, who perpetrated the Shimanaka incident in 1961.

Party leader Akao was arrested for conspiracy to murder in the wake of the Shimanaka incident, but was not indicted due to lack of evidence; instead, he was sentenced to eight months in prison for the lesser charges of disturbing the peace and intimidation.
Maisie Renault
Maisie Renault (13 December 1907 – 7 April 2003) was a French Resistance fighter and a member of the Confrérie Notre-Dame network. She was arrested in 1942 and deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in 1944.

Confrérie Notre-Dame
The Confrérie Notre-Dame (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃fʁeʁi nɔtʁə dam]; CND), later called the CND-Castille, was a French resistance group founded by Colonel Rémy. It was joined by other anti-Nazi Catholics from France.
The Circus of Horrors
The Circus of Horrors was a British-based contemporary circus created by John 'Doktor' Haze and Gerry Cottle. They were first seen performing at the Glastonbury Festival in 1995. Blending horror, black comedy and rock music with circus acts, it used goth and steampunk imagery, and referenced Victorian freak shows and burlesque. They were semi-finalists on Britain's Got Talent in 2011.

Following the death of ringmaster and founder Doktor Haze, The Circus of Horrors announced it had closed in September 2024, after a tribute show toured in Haze's honour.

Doktor Haze
John Hayes Mabley (22 December 1956 – 15 April 2023), better known by his stage name Doktor Haze, was a British circus owner and performer, singer-songwriter, director, and author. He was the owner, ringmaster and director of The Circus of Horrors, in which he co-founded with Gerry Cottle in 1995, which has become Britain's longest-running alternative circus.
Matsudaira Sadaaki
Matsudaira Sadaaki (松平 定敬; January 18, 1847 – July 12, 1908) was a Japanese daimyō of the Bakumatsu period, who was the last ruler of the Kuwana Domain. Sadaaki was the adopted heir of Matsudaira Sadamichi, the descendant of Sadatsuna, the third son of Hisamatsu Sadakatsu (1569–1623), who was Tokugawa Ieyasu's brother. His family was known as the Hisamatsu Matsudaira clan. It was to this family that Matsudaira Sadanobu also belonged.

Kuwana Domain
Kuwana Domain (桑名藩, Kuwana-han) was a Japanese feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Ise Province. It was centered on Kuwana Castle in what is now the city of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture. It was controlled by a fudai daimyō clans throughout its history.
Arvin Slagter
Arvin Slagter (born 19 September 1985) is a Dutch basketball player who plays for the Netherlands men's national 3x3 team. Slagter became an Olympic champion in Paris 2024 with the Netherlands.

Slagter also played for several other Dutch 5vs5 teams in his career, including Rotterdam, Bergen op Zoom, Leiden and Groningen. Slagter usually plays the point guard or shooting guard position and is also a member of the 5vs5 Dutch national basketball team since 2006. He is currently a member of the 3X3 Dutch National Team. Slagter is the all-time leader in assists (1,614) in the Dutch Basketball League.

Rotterdam City Basketball
Rotterdam City Basketball, is a Dutch professional basketball club based in Rotterdam. The team plays in the BNXT League and plays its home games at the Topsportcentrum next to De Kuip in Rotterdam. Established in 1954, it became the basketball section of the football club Feyenoord in 2018. However, this cooperation was dissolved in 2025.

Rotterdam won their only trophy in 1985, when they won the domestic NBB Cup. The team has reached the semi-finals of the Dutch League playoffs three times in history.
Robert Johnson (economist)
Robert A. Johnson is the executive director of the Institute for New Economic Thinking and regularly contributes to NewDeal 2.0 with his "FinanceSeer Column." He also formerly traded currency on Wall Street under George Soros.

Institute for New Economic Thinking
The Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) is a New York City–based nonprofit think tank.  It was founded in October 2009 as a result of the Great Recession (2007-2009), and runs a variety of affiliated programs at major universities such as the Cambridge-INET Institute at the University of Cambridge, and INET Oxford at the University of Oxford. It also has offices in London, England.