hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French livre
The livre (abbreviation: £ or ₶., French for libra (pound)) was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor states of Francia and West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of coins and of units of account.

Livre tournois
The livre tournois (French pronunciation: [livʁ tuʁnwa]; lit. 'Tours pound'; abbreviation: ₶ or £) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in early modern France.

The 1262 monetary reform established the livre tournois as 20 sous tournois, or 80.88 grams of fine silver. The franc à cheval was a gold coin of one livre tournois minted in large numbers from 1360.
In 1549, the livre tournois was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the livre parisis. 
In 1720, the livre tournois was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under Louis XV, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver.
It was the basis of the revolutionary French franc of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly.
Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)
In the mathematical theory of automorphic forms, the  fundamental lemma relates orbital integrals on a reductive group over a local field to stable orbital integrals on its endoscopic groups. It was conjectured by Robert Langlands (1983) in the course of developing the Langlands program.  The fundamental lemma was proved by Gérard Laumon and Ngô Bảo Châu in the case of unitary groups and then by Ngô (2010) for general reductive groups, building on a series of important reductions made by Jean-Loup Waldspurger to the case of Lie algebras. Time magazine placed Ngô's proof on the list of the "Top 10 scientific discoveries of 2009". In 2010, Ngô was awarded the Fields Medal for this proof.

Langlands program
In mathematics,  the Langlands program is a set of conjectures about connections between number theory, the theory of automorphic forms, and geometry. It was proposed by the Canadian mathematician Robert Langlands (1967, 1970). It seeks to relate the structure of Galois groups in algebraic number theory to automorphic forms and, more generally, the representation theory of algebraic groups over local fields and adeles.
John Machell
John Machell (1637–1704) was for twenty years Member of Parliament for Horsham, Sussex, during the reigns of Charles II, James II and William III and Mary II. By the marriage of his daughter Isabella Machell (1670–1764) to Arthur Ingram, 3rd Viscount of Irvine, he became the grandfather of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth Viscounts of Irvine, and great-grandfather of the ninth, seated at Temple Newsam near Leeds, whose family inherited and augmented his valuable property of Hills house at Horsham, and continued the parliamentary tradition there.

Arthur Ingram, 3rd Viscount of Irvine
Arthur Ingram, 3rd Viscount of Irvine (25 January 1666 – 21 June 1702) was an English Member of Parliament and peer. He was the Vice-Admiral of Yorkshire and Member of Parliament for Yorkshire and Scarborough. He was the father or grandfather of all the later Viscounts Irvine.
Irwin Untermyer
Irwin Untermyer (February 2, 1886 – October 18, 1973) was an American attorney, jurist, and civic leader most notable for his work in New York City. He was the son of Samuel Untermyer, another notable New York attorney who is best remembered for his opposition to Adolf Hitler and for creating Untermyer Park and Gardens, "America's Greatest Forgotten Garden" in Yonkers, New York. Irwin was also the father of Samuel Untermyer II, a notable nuclear scientist.

Samuel Untermyer
Samuel Untermyer (March 6, 1858 – March 16, 1940) was a prominent American lawyer and civic leader. He is also remembered for bequeathing his Yonkers, New York estate, now known as Untermyer Park, to the people of New York State.
Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)
The Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) (CVR(T)) is a family of armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) developed in the 1960s and is in service with the British Army and others throughout the world. They are small, highly mobile, air-transportable armoured vehicles, originally designed to replace the Alvis Saladin armoured car.

Designed by Alvis in the 1960s, the CVR(T) family includes Scorpion and Scimitar light reconnaissance tanks, Spartan armoured personnel carriers (APC)s, Sultan command and control vehicle, Samaritan armoured ambulance, Striker anti–tank guided missile vehicle and Samson armoured recovery vehicle. All members of the CVR(T) family were designed to share common automotive components and suspension; aluminium armour was selected to keep the weight down. By 1996, more than 3,500 had been built for British Army use and export.

Scorpion, Scimitar, and Striker have now been withdrawn from British Army service.

FV106 Samson
FV106 Samson was a British Army armoured recovery vehicle, one of the CVR(T) family. The main role of this vehicle was to recover the CVR(T) family of vehicles, but could also recover other light tracked vehicles such as the FV430 series.
Wrangler (brand)
Wrangler is an American manufacturer of jeans and other clothing items, particularly workwear. The brand is owned by Kontoor Brands Inc., which also owns Lee. Its headquarters is in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina, with production plants located throughout the world.

Lee (brand)
Lee is an American brand of jeans made from denim, first produced in 1889 in Salina, Kansas. The company is owned by Kontoor Brands, a spin-off of VF Corporation's Jeanswear Division. Since 2019 its headquarters has been in Greensboro, North Carolina, relocated from Merriam, Kansas.  The company states that it is an international retailer and manufacturer of casual wear and work wear and that it has more than 400 employees in the United States. In Australasia, the brand has been owned by Pacific Brands since 2007, after it was acquired from Yakka.
Vasily Golubev (painter)
Vasily Vasilievich Golubev (Russian: Василий Васильевич Голубев; 15 June 1925 – 31 August 1985) was a Soviet, Russian painter. He lived and worked in Leningrad, was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, as is regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
A.T. Still University
A.T. Still University (ATSU) is a private medical school based in Kirksville, Missouri, with a second campus in Arizona and third campus in Santa Maria, California. It was founded in 1892 by Andrew Taylor Still and was the world's first osteopathic medical school. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. ATSU includes three campuses on 200 acres with seven schools and colleges.

A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona
A.T. Still University - School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) is a private medical school in Mesa, Arizona. It was established in 2007 as the Arizona campus of A.T. Still University. A.T. Still University (ATSU) is the original founding institution of osteopathic healthcare, established in 1892 by Andrew Taylor Still in Kirksville, Missouri.

SOMA is accredited by the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) of the American Osteopathic Association (AOA).
GLib
GLib  is a bundle of three (formerly five) low-level system libraries written in C and developed mainly by GNOME. GLib's code was separated from GTK, so it can be used by software other than GNOME and has been developed in parallel ever since.

The name "GLib" originates from the project's start as a GTK C utility library.

GTK
GTK (formerly GIMP ToolKit and GTK+) is a free open-source widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) targeted at Linux and specifically GNOME (though with some use in other desktop environments). It is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, allowing both free and proprietary software to use it.

The GTK team releases new versions on a regular basis. GTK 4 and GTK 3 are actively maintained, while GTK 2 is no longer supported. GTK 1 is independently maintained by the CinePaint project.
Moshe Feinstein
Moshe Feinstein (Yiddish: משה פֿײַנשטײן; Lithuanian pronunciation: Moishe Fainshtein; English: Moses Feinstein; March 3, 1895 – March 23, 1986) was a Russian-born American Orthodox Jewish rabbi, scholar, and posek (authority on halakha—Jewish law). He has been called the most famous Orthodox Jewish legal authority of the 20th century and his rulings are often referenced in contemporary rabbinic literature. Feinstein served as president of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis, chairman of the Council of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of the Agudath Israel of America, and head of Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem in New York.

Feinstein is commonly called "Reb Moshe" (or "Rav Moshe").

Posek
In Jewish law, a posek (Hebrew: פוסק [poˈsek], pl. poskim, פוסקים‎ [posˈkim]) is a legal scholar who determines the application of halakha, the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah, in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities are inconclusive, or in those situations where no clear halakhic precedent exists.

The decision of a posek is known as a psak halakha ("ruling of law"; pl. piskei halakha) or simply a "psak". Piskei halakha are generally recorded in the responsa literature.
Shire of Murilla
The Shire of Murilla was a local government area located in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia. The shire, administered from the town of Miles, covered an area of 6,075.8 square kilometres (2,345.9 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the Town of Dalby and the Shires of Chinchilla, Tara and Wambo and the southern part of Taroom to form the Western Downs Region.

Shire of Taroom
The Shire of Taroom was a local government area in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia, along the Leichhardt Highway to the north of Miles. The shire covered an area of 18,644.5 square kilometres (7,198.7 sq mi), and existed as a local government area from 1879 until 2008, when it was dissolved and split between the new Western Downs Region and the Shire of Banana.

The shire contained several national parks with eroded sandstone areas, as well as Isla Gorge.
GPT-4o
GPT-4o ("o" for "omni") is a multilingual, multimodal generative pre-trained transformer developed by OpenAI and released in May 2024. It can process and generate text, images and audio.

Upon release, GPT-4o was free in ChatGPT, though paid subscribers had higher usage limits. GPT-4o was removed from ChatGPT in August 2025 when GPT-5 was released, but OpenAI reintroduced it for paid subscribers after users complained about the sudden removal.

GPT-4o's audio-generation capabilities are used in ChatGPT's Advanced Voice Mode. On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released GPT-4o mini, a smaller version of GPT-4o which replaced GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. The image generation model GPT Image 1, which is based on GPT-4o, replaced DALL-E 3 in ChatGPT in March 2025.

OpenAI retired GPT-4o from ChatGPT on February 13, 2026. However, as of February 2026 the voice mode is still powered by GPT-4o or GPT-4o mini, depending on the usage and plan.

GPT Image
GPT Image is a series of image generation and editing models developed by OpenAI. A text-to-image variant of the GPT family, it uses deep learning methodologies to generate digital images from natural language descriptions or images precisely. As the successor to DALL-E, GPT Image is native to ChatGPT and available through the API. Upon release in March 2025, GPT Image went viral on social media, particularly for its capability of generating images in the style of Studio Ghibli. GPT Image is also available with Microsoft Copilot and Apple Intelligence as well.
Zeus (fish)
Zeus is a genus of fish in the family Zeidae.

The name Zeus comes from the Latin zaeus, from the Greek ζαίος (zaiós) "John dory", which according to Sven O. Kullander would have no relation with the name of the king of gods in Greek mythology. However, other authors dispute this, giving the fish the earlier name of Piscis jovii ("fish of Jove"), who was equated with Zeus.

John Dory
John Dory, St Pierre, or Peter's fish, refers to fish of the genus Zeus, especially Zeus faber, of widespread distribution. It is an edible demersal coastal marine fish with a laterally compressed olive-yellow body which has a large dark spot, and long spines on the dorsal fin. Its large eyes at the front of the head provide it with binocular vision and depth perception, which are important for predators. The John Dory's eye spot on the side of its body also confuses prey, which are scooped up in its large mouth.

In New Zealand, Māori know it as kuparu, and on the East Coast of the North Island, they gave some to Captain James Cook on his first voyage to New Zealand in 1769. Several casks of them were pickled.
Arundel
Arundel (/ˈærəndəl/ ARR-ən-dəl or locally /ˈɑːndəl/ AHN-dəl) is a market town and civil parish in the Arun District of the South Downs, West Sussex, England.

The much-conserved town has a medieval castle and Roman Catholic cathedral. Arundel has a museum and comes second behind much larger Chichester in its number of listed buildings in West Sussex.  The River Arun runs through the eastern side of the town.

The Arundel electoral borough was one of many reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835.

From 1836 to 1889 the town had its own Borough police force with a strength of three. In 1974 it became part of the Arun district, and is now a civil parish with a town council.

Arundel Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Our Lady and St Philip Howard is located in Arundel, West Sussex, England. Dedicated in 1873 as the Catholic parish church of Arundel, it became a Roman Catholic cathedral at the foundation of the Diocese of Arundel and Brighton in 1965. It now serves as the seat of the Bishop of Arundel and Brighton. It is classified by Historic England as a Grade I listed building (buildings of exceptional interest).
East Side Mario's
East Side Mario's is a Canadian chain of casual dining restaurants, managed by its parent holding company Recipe Unlimited. The restaurant specializes in Italian-American cuisine. Individual locations aim to recreate the historic ambience found at the corner of Canal Street and Mulberry Street in Lower Manhattan. The brand is marketed as "A taste of little Italy". It is best recognized by its original logo featuring the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) holding a large tomato in place of a torch, as well as the jingle containing the catch phrase "Hey, budda boom, budda bing!".

It has 62 locations in Canada.

Recipe Unlimited
Recipe Unlimited Corporation is a Canadian company that operates several restaurant chains such as Swiss Chalet, Harvey's and The Keg, and food distribution for large operations.

The company was originated in 1883 as Canada Railway News Company that sold newspapers, magazines and confectioneries before moving to the restaurant business. The present company dates to 1961, as Canada Railway News Co. merged with Aero Caterers Limited, founded in 1941 as an airline catering service, to form Cara Operations Limited and the company went public in 1968. The company adopted its present name in May 2018 and its headquarters are in Vaughan, Ontario, a suburb north of Toronto within the Greater Toronto Area.
Earl of Dunfermline
Earl of Dunfermline was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1605 for Alexander Seton, 1st Lord Fyvie, fourth son of George Seton, 7th Lord Seton (see Earl of Winton for earlier history of the family). Seton had already been created Lord Fyvie in the Peerage of Scotland, in 1598, with remainder to his elder brother, John Seton. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He was Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland between 1661 and 1672. His younger son, the fourth Earl (who succeeded his childless elder brother), was a supporter of the deposed James II and had his titles forfeited by parliament in 1690. He died in France in 1694 and the male line of the first Earl died out with him.

Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline
Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline (1555 – 16 June 1622) was a Scottish lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Lord President of the Court of Session from 1598 to 1604, Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1604 to 1622 and as a Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland.
Tiflis Governorate
Tiflis Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative centre in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi). In 1897, it constituted 44,607 square kilometres (17,223 sq mi) in area and had a population of 1,051,032 inhabitants. Tiflis Governorate bordered Elizavetpol Governorate to the southeast, Erivan Governorate to the south, Kars Oblast to the southwest, Batum Oblast to the west, Kutaisi Governorate to the northwest, Terek Oblast to the north, Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, and after 1905, the Zakatal Okrug to the east. The governorate covered areas of central and southeastern Georgia, the partially recognised state of South Ossetia, most of the Lori Province of Armenia, small parts of northwestern Azerbaijan, and a minuscule southern part of Ingushetia of Russia.

Zakatal okrug
The Zakatal okrug was a special administrative district (okrug) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, part of the Tiflis Governorate from 1893 to 1905. The administrative centre of the district was Zakataly (present-day Zaqatala), and it corresponded to most of the contemporary districts of Balakan, Zaqatala and Qax of Azerbaijan. The Zakatal okrug was established from the territories of the erstwhile Free Jamaats of Jar-Balakan, bordering the Tiflis Governorate to the west, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south and the Dagestan Oblast to the north. The district was the smallest independent (not part of any province or region) administrative unit of the Russian Empire, similarly to the Sukhumi okrug.
Tokyo Jihen
Tokyo Jihen (東京事変, Tōkyō Jihen), also known as Tokyo Incidents, is a Japanese rock band formed by Ringo Sheena, after leaving her solo career. The band's debut single "Gunjō Biyori" was released in September 2004, and they ended activities in February 2012. The band sold 2.3 million albums, singles, and DVDs. The band reunited and released a new single on January 1, 2020.

Ringo Sheena
Yumiko Shiina (椎名 裕美子, Shiina Yumiko; born November 25, 1978), known by her stage name Ringo Sheena (椎名 林檎, Shiina Ringo), is a Japanese singer, songwriter and musician. She is also the founder and lead vocalist of the band Tokyo Jihen.

She describes herself as "Shinjuku-kei Jisaku-Jien-ya (新宿系自作自演屋, a Shinjuku-style writer-performer)". She was ranked number 36 in a list of Japan's top 100 musicians compiled by HMV in 2003.
Ichijō Kaneteru
Ichijō Kaneteru (一条 兼輝; May 20, 1652 – October 27, 1705), son of Norisuke, was a kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (1603–1868) of Japan. He was also known as Ichijō Fuyutsune (一条 冬経). He held regents positions kampaku from 1682 to 1687 and from 1689 to 1690, and sesshō from 1687 to 1689. He married Norihime, daughter of Tokugawa Mitsusada, second head of Wakayama Domain, and the couple adopted Kaneka as their son.

Ichijō Kaneka
Ichijō Kaneka (一条 兼香; January 12, 1692 – September 21, 1751), son of regent Takatsukasa Fusasuke and adopted son of regent Kaneteru, was a kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (1603–1868) of Japan. He held a regents position kampaku from 1737 to 1746. He married a daughter of Asano Tsunanaga, fourth head of Hiroshima Domain, and an adopted daughter of Ikeda Tsunamasa, second head of Okayama Domain.
Kalgoorlie
Kalgoorlie (/ˈkælˌɡʊːɹli/ kal-GOOR-LEE), also known as Kalgoorlie–Boulder, is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, located 595 km (370 mi) east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. It is referred to as Kalgoorlie–Boulder as the surrounding urban area includes the historic townsite of Boulder and the local government area is the City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder.

Kalgoorlie–Boulder lies on the traditional lands of the Wongatha People. The city was established in 1893 during the Western Australian gold rushes. It soon replaced Coolgardie as the largest settlement on the Eastern Goldfields. Kalgoorlie is the ultimate destination of the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme and the Golden Pipeline Heritage Trail. The nearby Super Pit gold mine was Australia's largest open-cut gold mine for many years.

During August 2021, Kalgoorlie–Boulder had an estimated urban population of 29,072, a slight decline from the recent peak of 32,966 in 2013.

Goldfields Water Supply Scheme
The Goldfields Water Supply Scheme is a pipeline and dam project that delivers potable water from Mundaring Weir in Perth to communities in Western Australia's Eastern Goldfields, particularly Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie. The project was commissioned in 1896 and completed in 1903.

The pipeline continues to operate today, supplying water to over 100,000 people in over 33,000 households as well as mines, farms and other enterprises.
Air Force Day
Air Force Day or Day of the Air Force is observed by several nations with an armed forces as a military holiday to recognize their country's air force. These holidays often hold the same status as any military's Armed Forces Day.

Armed Forces Day
An Armed Forces Day, alongside its branch-specific variants often referred to as Army or Soldier's Day, Navy or Sailor's Day, and Air Force or Aviator's Day, is a holiday dedicated to honoring the armed forces, or one of their branches, of a sovereign state, including their personnel, history, achievements, and sacrifices. It's often patriotic or nationalistic in nature, carrying information value outside of the conventional boundaries of a military's subculture and into the wider civilian society. Many nations around the world observe this day. It is usually distinct from a Veterans or Memorial Day, as the former is dedicated to those who previously served and the latter is dedicated to those who perished in the fulfillment of their duties.
Honda CBX750
The CBX750, or RC17 is a Honda motorcycle sold primarily in Europe, South Africa and Australia. Manufactured from 1984 to 1988, the CBX750 was developed from the CB750 while sharing technological data and certain componentry from the VF/VFR Series, which its development ran in parallel; hence the X in CBX being an acronym for City Bike eXperimental.  A Japanese market version was offered known as the CBX750 Horizon and a North American version, the CB750SC Nighthawk S was sold alongside a tariff beating version, the Nighthawk 700S.

The pre-1988 CBX750 had a 16-inch-diameter (410 mm) front wheel, which restricts replacement tire choice.

The RC38/39 Nighthawk 750 and RC42 CB750, products of the early 90's retro standard trend, use a substantial amount of CBX750 components within their construction, most notably a retuned version of the 747cc I4 engine and a slightly modified version of the RC17 frame.

Honda CB700SC
The CB700SC Nighthawk 700S is a carbureted, air-cooled, in-line four-cylinder motorcycle marketed by Honda solely in the United States for model years 1984–1986, with a standard or neutral, upright riding position.

As a downsized variant of the CB750SC Nighthawk S, itself an export version of the CBX750, the CB700SC was meant to circumvent the tariff laws of 1983-1987. Notable features included a 6-speed transmission, hydraulic valve lifters, shaft drive, front bikini fairing, gear indicator and 16" alloy wheels — at an introductory list price of $3,398.