hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stevens rearrangement
The Stevens rearrangement in organic chemistry is an organic reaction converting quaternary ammonium salts and sulfonium salts to the corresponding amines or sulfides in presence of a strong base in a 1,2-rearrangement.

The reactants can be obtained by alkylation of the corresponding amines and sulfides. The substituent R next the amine methylene bridge is an electron-withdrawing group.

The original 1928 publication by Thomas S. Stevens concerned the reaction of 1-phenyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanone with benzyl bromide to the ammonium salt followed by the rearrangement reaction with sodium hydroxide in water to the rearranged amine.

A 1932 publication described the corresponding sulfur reaction.

Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement
The Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement (named after M. Sommelet and Charles R. Hauser) is a rearrangement reaction of certain benzyl quaternary ammonium salts. The reagent is sodium amide or another alkali metal amide and the reaction product a N,N-dialkylbenzylamine with a new alkyl group in the aromatic ortho position. For example, benzyltrimethylammonium iodide, [(C6H5CH2)N(CH3)3]I, rearranges in the presence of sodium amide to yield the o-methyl derivative of N,N-dimethylbenzylamine. Although the appearance is of one of the methyl groups migrating off the trimethylammonium group, the process is actually the a pericyclic reaction in which the nitrogen and its three methyl substituents migrate.
Chehalis Gophers
The Chehalis Gophers was the first nickname of the minor league baseball teams based in Chehalis, Washington. From 1910 to 1912, the Chehalis Gophers (1910), Chehalis "Proteges" (1911) and Chehalis "Farmers" teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Washington State League, winning the 1912 league championship in the final season of the league.

The Chehalis teams were known by a different nickname each season and hosted home minor league games at Millett Field.

Raymond Cougars
The Raymond Cougars were a minor league baseball team based in Raymond, Washington. In 1910 and 1911, the Raymond Cougars and Raymond "Venetians" teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Washington State League, with the Cougars winning the 1910 league championship. Raymond hosted minor league home games at the Lions Club Park.
Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) are two extensively modified Boeing 747 airliners that NASA used to transport Space Shuttle orbiters. One (N905NA) is a 747-100 model, while the other (N911NA) is a short-range 747-100SR. Both are now retired.

The SCAs were used to ferry Space Shuttles from landing sites back to the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. The orbiters were placed on top of the SCAs by Mate-Demate Devices, large gantry-like structures that hoisted the orbiters off the ground for post-flight servicing then mated them with the SCAs for ferry flights.

In approach and landing test flights conducted in 1977, the test shuttle Enterprise was released from an SCA during flight and glided to a landing under its own control.

Approach and Landing Tests
The Approach and Landing Tests were a series of sixteen taxi and flight trials of the prototype Space Shuttle Enterprise that took place between February and October 1977 to test the vehicle's flight characteristics. Of the sixteen taxi-tests and flights, eleven saw Enterprise remain mated to the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), while the final five had the shuttle separate from the SCA, with the on-board crew flying and landing the spacecraft.
Vodafone Egypt
Vodafone (Egyptian Arabic: ڤودافون) is the largest mobile network operator in Egypt in terms of active subscribers. It was launched in 1998 under its former name, Click GSM (Egyptian: كليك چى اس ام). It covers various voice and data exchange services, as well as 5G, 4G, 3G, ADSL, and broadband Internet services.

Vodafone Egypt was initially headquartered in Maadi, Cairo since 1998 and until 2003; when Vodafone moved its headquarters to the Sixth of October City. Some of the key members of the core network launch team were Neil Marley, Ian Crawford, and Peter Karney. Currently, all of Vodafone's core operations are run from Vodafone's campus at the Smart Village Technology Park.

Orange Egypt
Orange (Egyptian Arabic: اورنچ), formerly known as Mobinil (Egyptian Arabic: موبينيل), is the oldest mobile network operator in Egypt, founded on March 4, 1998. Orange provides voice and data exchange services, as well as 5G, 4G, 3G, ADSL and broadband internet.
Nichibutsu
Nihon Bussan Co. Ltd., doing business as Nichibutsu, was a Japanese video game developer and publisher headquartered in Kita, Osaka. In the past they had also manufactured and sold yachts.

The company used a horned owl for its official logo. Outside of the Nichibutsu brand, the company also produces adult video games (mainly strip mahjong arcade games) under the Sphinx (スフィンクス) brand.

In March 2014, Nichibutsu sold its video game library to Hamster Corporation due to the decision of original founder Sueharu Torii to retire. The company was disbanded on December 15, 2015.

Hamster Corporation
Hamster Corporation (株式会社ハムスター, Kabushiki-gaisha Hamusutā) is a Japanese video game publisher, with office located in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. It was formed in November 1999 as a spin off of Toshiba-EMI Limited's gaming division.

On the Japanese PlayStation Store, more than 380 titles are distributed under the Arcade Archives brand, and 108 under the ACA Neo Geo brand.
Thromboxane A2
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets during hemostasis and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. This is achieved by activating the thromboxane receptor, which results in platelet-shape change, inside-out activation of integrins, and degranulation. Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets, further strengthening the clot. TXA2 is also a known vasoconstrictor and is especially important during tissue injury and inflammation. It is also regarded as responsible for Prinzmetal's angina.

Receptors that mediate TXA2 actions are thromboxane A2 receptors. The human TXA2 receptor (TP) is a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane segments. In humans, two TP receptor splice variants – TPα and TPβ – have so far been cloned.

Thromboxane receptor
The thromboxane receptor (TP) also known as the prostanoid TP receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBXA2R gene, The thromboxane receptor is one among the five classes of prostanoid receptors and was the first eicosanoid receptor cloned. The TP receptor derives its name from its preferred endogenous ligand thromboxane A2.
Manfredi III Chiaramonte
Manfredi III Chiaramonte (c. 1330 - 1391) was a Sicilian nobleman of the House of Chiaramonte, Count of Modica, and one of the "Four Vicars" who governed the Kingdom of Sicily during the minority of Queen Maria. A leading figure in late 14th-century Sicilian politics, he operated chiefly from Palermo and across the island’s south-eastern Val di Noto, notably around Lentini and Syracuse.

Artale I d'Alagona
Artale I d'Alagona (1320 – 5 February 1389) was a Sicilian nobleman of the House of Alagona, Count of Mistretta and later of Paternò and  Agosta (now Augusta). A central figure in 14th-century Sicilian politics, he served as one of the “Four Vicars” who governed the kingdom during the minority of Queen Maria. Closely tied to the Aragonese dynasty yet pursuing his own “Italian” policy, he was the dominant power in eastern Sicily, ruling from his base at Catania.
Israeli Bedouin
Israeli Bedouin are Muslim Arab citizens of Israel who are members of Bedouin tribes. The main groups are the Galilee Bedouin in the north and the Negev Bedouin in the south. As they live within the historical region of Palestine, they may be considered a subset of the Palestinian Bedouin.

Palestinian Bedouin
Palestinian Bedouin (the plural form of Bedouin can be Bedouin or Bedouins) are a nomadic people who have come to form an organic part of the Palestinian people, characterized by a semi-pastoral and agricultural lifestyle. Originating from the Bi’r as-Saba’/Beersheba region in Southern Historical Palestine, Palestinian Bedouin are now predominantly concentrated in the South (al-Naqab/Negev and Gaza Bedouin), the North (al-Jalil/Galilee Bedouin) and in the West Bank. Bedouins have lived in the Negev region, stretching from Gaza to the Dead Sea, since at least the fifth century. Remnants of Bedouin communities in the Gaza Strip include 5,000 individuals in Om al-Nasr and as of late 2022, the number of nomadic Bedouin in the Gaza Strip was shrinking and many were or are settled.
CSU Dunărea de Jos Galați
Club Sportiv Universitatea "Dunărea de Jos" Galați commonly known as CS Universitatea "Dunărea de Jos" Galați, or simply as CSU Galați, was a Romanian football team based in Galați, Galați County. The team was founded in 1953, re-founded in 1967 and 2017, and was finally dissolved in 2020. In 1976, CSU played in the Cupa României final but lost 0–1 against Steaua București.

1976 Cupa României final
The 1976 Cupa României final was the 38th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Steaua București and CSU Galaţi, and was won by Steaua București after a game with only one goal. It was the 12th cup for Steaua București.

CSU Galaţi became the 11th team representing Divizia B that reached the Romanian Cup final.
Frassilongo
Frassilongo (Mocheno: Garait) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 354 and an area of 16.7 square kilometres (6.4 mi2).

Frassilongo borders the following municipalities: Sant'Orsola Terme, Fierozzo, Roncegno, Vignola-Falesina, Pergine Valsugana, Novaledo and Levico Terme.

In the census of 2001, 340 inhabitants out of 357 (95.2%) declared themselves members of the Mócheno linguistic group.

Mòcheno language
Mòcheno (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmɔːkeno]; German: Fersentalerisch; Bavarian: Bersntolerisch) is an Upper German variety spoken in three towns of the Bersntol (German: Fersental; Italian: Valle del Fersina), in Trentino, northeastern Italy.

Mòcheno is closely related to Bavarian and is variously classified either as a Southern Bavarian variety or a separate language of its own. It has also been posited that it may be descended from Lombardic (with influence from nearby dialects). Mòcheno speakers reportedly partially understand Bavarian, Cimbrian, or Standard German. However, many essential differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation render it difficult for speakers of Standard German to understand.
Witness impeachment
Witness impeachment, in the law of evidence of the United States, is the process of calling into question the credibility of an individual testifying in a trial. The Federal Rules of Evidence contain the rules governing impeachment in US federal courts.

Federal Rules of Evidence
First adopted in 1975, the Federal Rules of Evidence codify the evidence law that applies in United States federal courts. In addition, many states in the United States have either adopted the Federal Rules of Evidence, with or without local variations, or have revised their own evidence rules or codes to at least partially follow the federal rules.
Amar Opening
The Amar Opening (also known as the Paris Opening, or the Drunken Knight Opening) is a chess opening defined by the move:

1. Nh3

Analogous to calling the Durkin Opening the "Sodium Attack," this opening could be called the Ammonia Opening, since the algebraic notation 1.Nh3 resembles the chemical formula NH3 for ammonia.  The Parisian amateur Charles Amar played it in the 1930s. It was probably named by Savielly Tartakower who used both names for this opening, although the chess author Tim Harding has jokingly suggested that "Amar" is an acronym for "Absolutely mad and ridiculous".

Since 1.Nh3 is considered an irregular opening, it is classified under the A00 code in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings.

Durkin Opening
The Durkin Opening, also known as the Durkin Attack or the Sodium Attack is a rarely-played chess opening that consists of the following move:

1. Na3

The Durkin Opening is named for Robert T. Durkin (1923–2014) of New Jersey. The name "Sodium Attack" comes from the algebraic notation 1.Na3, as Na is the chemical symbol for the element sodium. Similarly, the Amar Opening (1.Nh3) is sometimes referred to as the "Ammonia Opening". White may follow up by playing c4, e.g. 1...d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nxc4.
Octave species
In the musical system of ancient Greece, an octave species (Greek: εἶδος τοῦ διὰ πασῶν, or σχῆμα τοῦ διὰ πασῶν) is a specific sequence of intervals within an octave.  In Elementa harmonica, Aristoxenus classifies the species as three different genera, distinguished from each other by the largest intervals in each sequence: the diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic genera, whose largest intervals are, respectively, a whole tone, a minor third, and a ditone; quarter tones and semitones complete the tetrachords.

The concept of octave species is very close to tonoi and akin to musical scale and mode, and was invoked in Medieval and Renaissance theory of Gregorian mode and Byzantine Octoechos.

Musical system of ancient Greece
The musical system of ancient Greece evolved over a period of more than 500 years from simple scales of tetrachords, or divisions of the perfect fourth, into several complex systems encompassing tetrachords and octaves, as well as octave scales divided into seven to thirteen intervals.

Any discussion of the music of ancient Greece, theoretical, philosophical or aesthetic, is fraught with two problems: there are few examples of written music, and there are many, sometimes fragmentary, theoretical and philosophical accounts. The empirical research of scholars like Richard Crocker, C. André Barbera, and John Chalmers has made it possible to look at the ancient Greek systems as a whole without regard to the tastes of any one ancient theorist. The primary genera they examine are those of Pythagoras and the Pythagorean school, Archytas, Aristoxenos, and Ptolemy (including his versions of the genera of Didymos and Eratosthenes).
Thomas Jefferson Randolph
Thomas Jefferson Randolph (September 12, 1792 – October 7, 1875) was a Virginia planter, soldier and politician who served multiple terms in the Virginia House of Delegates, as rector of the University of Virginia, and as a colonel in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The favorite grandson of President Thomas Jefferson, he helped manage Monticello near the end of his grandfather's life and was executor of his estate, and later also served in the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 and at the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861.

Sarah N. Randolph
Sarah Nicholas Randolph (October 12, 1839 – April 25, 1892) was an American educator, school principal, historian, and an author. She wrote The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson and The Life of General Thomas J. Jackson.
Thompson transitivity theorem
In mathematical finite group theory, the Thompson transitivity theorem gives conditions under which the centralizer of an abelian subgroup A acts transitively on certain subgroups normalized by A. It originated in the proof of the odd order theorem by Feit and  Thompson (1963), where it was used to prove the Thompson uniqueness theorem.

John G. Thompson
John Griggs Thompson (born October 13, 1932) is an American mathematician at the University of Florida noted for his work in the field of finite groups. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1970, the Wolf Prize in 1992, and the Abel Prize in 2008.
SC Beira-Mar (Tarrafal)
Sport Clube Beira-Mar do Tarrafal is an association football club that plays in the Santiago Island North League in Cape Verde. It is based in the village of Chão Bom nearly 2 km south of Tarrafal in the northernmost part of the island of Santiago and plays in the Estádio de Mangue. Since the implementation of the two tier regional system in 2015, Beira-Mar is one of ten unrelegated clubs of the north of the island Santiago.

Along with Varandinha and Santa Cruz's Scorpion Vermelho, it is considered being the most popular club of the north of the island.

Santiago North Premier Division
The Santiago Island League (North) is a regional championship played in Santiago Island, Cape Verde. The competition is organized by the Santiago North Regional Football Association (Associação Regional de Futebol de Santiago Sul, ARFSS). The winner of the championship plays in Cape Verdean football Championships of each season.
Bastille Day military parade
The Bastille Day military parade, also known as the 14 July military parade, translation of the French name of Défilé militaire du 14 juillet, is a French military parade that has been held on the morning of Bastille Day, 14 July, each year in Paris since 1880, almost without exception. The parade passes down the Avenue des Champs-Élysées from Place Charles de Gaulle, centred around the Arc de Triomphe, to the Place de la Concorde, where the President stands, along with members of the Government, figures from the legislative branch, the Mayor of Paris, as well as foreign ambassadors to France.

It is a popular event in France, broadcast live on television; it is also one of the oldest regular military parades in the world. In some years, invited detachments of foreign troops take part in the parade and foreign statesmen attend as guests. Smaller military parades are held in French garrison cities, most notably Marseille, Toulon, Brest, Rochefort, Belfort, and Nice.

Military parade
A military parade is a formation of military personnels whose movement is restricted by close-order manoeuvering known as drill or marching. Large military parades are today held on major holidays and military events around the world. Massed parades may also hold a role for propaganda purposes, being used to exhibit the apparent military strength of a country.
Shkinta
In Mandaeism, a shkinta (Classical Mandaic: ࡔࡊࡉࡍࡕࡀ, romanized: škinta, lit. 'shekinah') or shkina (škina) is a celestial dwelling inhabited by uthras in the World of Light that is analogous to the shekhinah in Jewish mysticism. In Tibil (the physical earth), it refers to a reed or mud hut that is used during Mandaean priest initiation ceremonies, since Mandaean priests represent uthras on earth.

World of Light
In Mandaeism, the World of Light or Lightworld (Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡖࡍࡄࡅࡓࡀ, romanized: alma ḏ-nhūra), also the Worlds of Light (Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡋࡌࡉࡀ ࡖࡍࡄࡅࡓࡀ, romanized: almia ḏ-nhūra, Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈalmi dənˈhura]), is the primeval, transcendental world from which Tibil and the World of Darkness emerged.
Southern Pacific 2467
Southern Pacific 2467 is a preserved P-8 class 4-6-2 "Pacific" type steam locomotive, built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in January 1921, it was used by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) to pull passenger trains until it was retired from service in 1956. On July 25, 1960, it was donated to the city of Oakland, California, who had it placed on display at the Harrison Railroad Park. In July 1990 a restoration began by the Friends of the 2467, which later merged into the Pacific Locomotive Association. In June 1999 it was returned to operation and made an appearance at Railfair 1999. Although serviceable, SP 2467 is currently on static display while on loan from its operator, Pacific Locomotive Association, Inc., to the California State Railroad Museum (CSRM) in Sacramento, California.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Ina Seidel
Ina Seidel (15 September 1885 – 3 October 1974) was a German lyric poet and novelist. In 1930, she published the novel generally regarded as her most famous work, Das Wunschkind ("The Wished-For Child"); two years later she became the first woman admitted to the Prussian Academy of Arts.  Her reputation has been shadowed by her enthusiastic support of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.  In 1933 she was one of 88 artists to swear the Vow of Total Loyalty ("Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft") to Hitler.  Seidel provided a celebratory poem on the occasion of the Führer's birthday in 1939 and was personally named in Joseph Goebbels' 1944 God-Graced List ("Gottbegnadeten List") of artists considered crucial to German culture. She has maintained some relevance in German popular culture despite a dramatic post-1945 decline in popularity.

Gottbegnadeten list
The Gottbegnadeten-Liste ("God-gifted list" or "Important Artist Exempt List") was a 36-page list of artists considered crucial to National Socialist culture.  The list was assembled in September 1944 by Joseph Goebbels, the head of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, and Germany's supreme leader Adolf Hitler.
The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter
The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter (俺だけ入れる隠しダンジョン 〜こっそり鍛えて世界最強〜, Ore Dake Haireru Kakushi Danjon ~Kossori Kitaete Sekai Saikyō~) is a Japanese fantasy light novel series written by Meguru Seto and illustrated by Note Takehana. It was serialized online from January 2017 to February 2021 on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō. It was later acquired by Kodansha, who have published six volumes since August 2017 under their Kodansha Ranobe Books imprint. A manga adaptation with art by Tomoyuki Hino was serialized via Kodansha's Niconico-based Suiyōbi no Sirius manga service from May 2018 to June 2023. It has been collected in twelve tankōbon volumes. Both the light novel and manga are licensed in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment. An anime television series adaptation by Okuruto Noboru aired from January to March 2021 on the Animeism programming block.

Shōsetsuka ni Narō
Shōsetsuka ni Narō (小説家になろう; lit. "Let's Become a Novelist") is a Japanese novel self-publishing website created by Yusuke Umezaki (梅崎 祐輔, Umezaki Yūsuke). It was launched on April 2, 2004. Users can upload their novels free of charge and the novels are also free to read. As of December 2022, the site hosts close to 1,000,000 novels, has over 2,300,000 registered users and it receives over 1 billion page views per month.

Over one hundred novel series uploaded to the site have been acquired by various publishers, such as Log Horizon, serialized from 2010 before being acquired by Enterbrain in 2011, and The Irregular at Magic High School, which was serialized between 2008 and 2011 before being acquired by ASCII Media Works.

Futabasha's light novel imprint Monster Bunko was established on July 30, 2014, which exclusively publishes series that originated on Shōsetsuka ni Narō.