hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antonio Ravalli
Antonio Ravalli (b. in Ferrara, Italy, 16 May 1812 - died at St. Mary's, Montana, USA, 2 October 1884), also known as Anthony Ravalli, was an Italian Jesuit missionary, artist, and doctor active in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. He is known primarily for his contributions to the architecture and art of Jesuit missions in the region. He also inoculated the tribes he served against smallpox, and his efforts shielded the Bitterroot Salish against epidemics that devastated other tribes. In 1893 Ravalli County, Montana was named after him.

Ravalli County, Montana
Ravalli County is a county in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,174. Its county seat is Hamilton.

Ravalli County is part of a north–south mountain valley bordered by the Sapphire Mountains on the East and the Bitterroot Mountains on the West. It is often referred to as the Bitterroot Valley, which is named for the Bitterroot Flower. The county is on the Pacific Ocean side of the Continental Divide, which follows the Idaho-Montana border from Wyoming until Ravalli County. Here, it turns east into Montana, between Chief Joseph Pass and Lost Trail Pass, and follows the Ravalli County-Beaverhead County border.
Raita
Raita is a side dish and condiment in Indian cuisine made of dahi (yogurt or "curd") together with raw or cooked vegetables, fruit, or pulses. The yogurt may be seasoned with herbs and spices such as coriander, roasted cumin seeds, mint, and cayenne pepper.

Raita is served alongside many Indian dishes such as pulao rice, and as a mild cooling accompaniment to spicy curries.

Pilaf
Pilaf (US: /ˈpiːlɑːf/), pilav or pilau (UK: /ˈpiːlaʊ, piːˈlaʊ/) is a rice dish, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth, adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables, meat, or chicken, and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere.

At the time of the Abbasid Caliphate, such methods of cooking rice at first spread through a vast territory  from South Asia to Spain, and eventually to a wider world. The Spanish paella, and the South Asian pilau or pulao, and biryani, evolved from such dishes.

Pilaf and similar dishes are common to Middle Eastern, West Asian, Balkan, Caribbean, South Caucasian, Central Asian, East African, Eastern European, Latin American, Maritime Southeast Asia, and South Asian cuisines; in these areas, they are regarded as staple dishes.
Instituto Carlos III-Juan March
The Instituto Carlos III-Juan March (IC3JM), formerly the Advanced Center for Social Science Studies (CEACS), is a research and postgraduate institute for the social sciences. It is based at the Getafe campus of Carlos III University in the south of the Madrid metropolitan area. It receives funding from both the university and the Fundación Juan March.

Fundación Juan March
The Fundación Juan March is a foundation established in 1955 by Juan March. The foundation produces exhibitions as well as concert and lecture series. Its headquarters in Madrid houses a library devoted to contemporary Spanish music and theater. It owns and operates the Museo de Arte Abstracto Español, in Cuenca, and the Museu Fundación Juan March, in Palma. Its Center for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences (Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales), which has granted nearly one hundred doctoral degrees to Spanish students, is currently incorporated within the Instituto mixto Carlos III/Juan March de Ciencias Sociales at the Charles III University of Madrid.
St Paul's Building, Glasgow
The St Paul's Building (formerly St Paul's (Outer High) Parish Church), is a deconsecrated church building located at 104 John Street in the Townhead area of Glasgow, Scotland.  Originally constructed in 1904, it has been part of the University of Strathclyde (and its predecessor institution the Royal College of Science and Technology) since 1953, when it was converted for use as the Chaplaincy.  The building lies on the western edge of the university's John Anderson Campus, close to George Square.

Since 1998, it has been protected as a Category B listed building

John Anderson Campus
The John Anderson Campus, the main campus of The University of Strathclyde, is in Glasgow, Scotland. The campus is self-contained in its own area which straddles the Townhead and Merchant City districts on the north eastern side of the city centre, while being only minutes from the M8 Motorway, George Square and is located midway between Queen Street Railway Station and High Street station on the North Clyde Line.
Castilian–Leonese War (1196–1197)
The Castilian–Leonese War of 1196–1197 was a conflict between the kingdoms of Leon, Navarre and the Almohad Caliphate against the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.

In the middle of the conflict, Alfonso IX of León was accused by pope Celestine III of allying himself with a Muslim to fight against a Christian kingdom and was excommunicated, causing Portugal to join the war against León. In the end, the Almohads signed a truce with Alfonso VIII of Castile and Alfonso IX, seeing that he was abandoned by his ally and his kingdom now was being invaded, had to ask for peace. Alfonso IX married Alfonso VIII's daughter, Berengaria of Castile, which eventually led to a peace between both kingdoms.

Alfonso VIII of Castile
Alfonso VIII (11 November 1155 – 5 October 1214), called the Noble (El Noble) or the one of Las Navas (el de las Navas), was King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army at Alarcos against the Almohads in 1195, he led the coalition of Christian princes and foreign crusaders who broke the power of the Almohads in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, an event which marked the arrival of a tide of Christian supremacy on the Iberian Peninsula.

His reign saw the domination of Castile over León and, by his alliance with Aragon, he drew those two spheres of Christian Iberia into close connection.
A Man Called E
A Man Called E is Mark Oliver Everett's 1992 major-label debut album, and the first on which he used the pseudonym "E". (As Mark Everett, he had previously self-released the limited edition LP Bad Dude in Love in 1985.)

"Hello Cruel World" was released as a one-track single in 1992. "Nowheresville"/"Strawberry Blonde" was released in March of that year.

Mark Oliver Everett
Mark Oliver Everett, also known by his stage name E (born April 10, 1963) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and the frontman of the rock band Eels. He is known for writing songs tackling subjects such as death, loneliness, divorce, childhood innocence, depression, and unrequited love, often from personal experience.
Richie Porte
Richard Julian Porte (born 30 January 1985) is an Australian former professional road bicycle racer who competed as a professional from 2008 to 2022. His successes include wins at 8 World Tour stage races: Paris–Nice in 2013 and 2015, the Volta a Catalunya in 2015, the Tour de Romandie in 2017, the Tour Down Under in 2017 and 2020, the Tour de Suisse in 2018 and the Critérium du Dauphiné in 2021. In Grand Tours, he won the young rider classification at the 2010 Giro d'Italia, his first year at UCI ProTour level, and finished on the podium of the 2020 Tour de France, but was also frequently hit by illnesses and injuries.

2018 Tour de Suisse
The 2018 Tour de Suisse was a road cycling stage race that took place between 9 and 17 June 2018 in Switzerland. It was the 82nd edition of the Tour de Suisse and the twenty-fourth event of the 2018 UCI World Tour. The race was won by Richie Porte of BMC Racing Team.
Halin's grid theorem
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, Halin's grid theorem states that the infinite graphs with thick ends are exactly the graphs containing subdivisions of the hexagonal tiling of the plane. It was published by Rudolf Halin (1965), and is a precursor to the work of Robertson and Seymour linking treewidth to large grid minors, which became an important component of the algorithmic theory of bidimensionality.

Bidimensionality
Bidimensionality  theory characterizes a broad range of graph problems (bidimensional) that admit efficient approximate,  fixed-parameter or kernel solutions in a broad range of graphs. These graph classes include planar graphs, map graphs, bounded-genus graphs and graphs excluding any fixed minor. In particular, bidimensionality theory builds on the graph minor theory  of Robertson and Seymour by extending the mathematical results and building new algorithmic tools. The theory was introduced   in the work of Demaine, Fomin,  Hajiaghayi, and Thilikos, for which the authors received the Nerode Prize in 2015.
The Other Side of Midnight
The Other Side of Midnight is a novel by American writer Sidney Sheldon published in 1973. The book reached No. 1 on the New York Times Best Seller list.

It was made into a 1977 film, and followed by a sequel written by Sheldon titled Memories of Midnight.

The Other Side of Midnight (film)
The Other Side of Midnight is a 1977 American drama film directed by Charles Jarrott and starring Marie-France Pisier, John Beck, and Susan Sarandon. Herman Raucher and Daniel Taradash wrote the screenplay based on Sidney Sheldon's 1973 novel of the same name.

Today, the film is best known as being part of a package deal 20th Century Fox's American distributors arranged to ensure a film the company had little confidence in, Star Wars, would be exhibited in its initial 1977 release. As it turned out, Star Wars was a smash success that would completely overshadow The Other Side of Midnight.
National Museum of Beirut
The National Museum of Beirut (Arabic: متحف بيروت الوطنيّ, Matḥaf Bayrūt al-waṭanī) is the principal museum of archaeology in Lebanon. The collection begun after World War I, and the museum was officially opened in 1942. The museum has collections totaling about 100,000 objects, most of which are antiquities and medieval finds from excavations undertaken by the Directorate General of Antiquities.

During the 1975 Lebanese Civil War, the museum stood on the front line that separated the  warring factions. The museum's Egyptian Revival building and its collection suffered extensive damage in the war, but most of the artifacts were saved by  last-minute preemptive measures. Today, after a major renovation, the National Museum of Beirut has regained its former position, with about 1,300 artifacts exhibited ranging in date from prehistoric times to the medieval Mamluk period.

History of Lebanon
The history of Lebanon covers the history of the modern Republic of Lebanon and the earlier emergence of Greater Lebanon under the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, as well as the previous history of the region, covered by the modern state.

The modern State of Lebanon has existed within its current borders since 1920, when Greater Lebanon was created under French and British mandate, resulting from the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. Before this date, the designation "Lebanon" concerned a territory with vaguely defined borders, encompassing the mountain range of Mount Lebanon and its outskirts (mainly the Mediterranean coast and the plains of Bekaa and Akkar). The idea of an independent Lebanon, however, emerged during the end of the Mount Lebanon Emirate where Maronite clerics vowed for an independent nation.
New Poets of England and America
New Poets of England and America is a poetry anthology edited by Donald Hall, Robert Pack and Louis Simpson, and published in 1957. The Introduction was written by Robert Frost. The collection met with success and went through ten printings over the next decade. In 1962, Hall and Pack came out with a revised edition titled New Poets of England and America: Second Selection.

The New American Poetry 1945–1960
The New American Poetry 1945–1960 is a poetry anthology edited by Donald Allen and published in 1960. It aimed to highlight a "third generation" of American poets, and included numerous works culled from the little magazines of the 1950s.

As "one of the first countercultural collections of American verse", the book enjoyed robust sales for a poetry anthology. When it was reissued in 1999, the publisher stated that more than 100,000 copies had been sold.
Tim Costley
Timothy John Costley (born 1979/1980) is a New Zealand politician. He was elected as the Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives for Ōtaki, representing the National Party, in the 2023 general election. He was previously a pilot with the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF).

Ōtaki (electorate)
Ōtaki (previously Otaki) is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, spanning part of the west coast of the lower North Island.  The current MP for Ōtaki is Tim Costley of the New Zealand National Party. He has held this position since the 2023 election.
NGO Coordination and Resource Centre
The Non-governmental organization Coordination and Resource Centre (NCRC) is a joint initiative of the South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies SIFFS and Social Need Education and Human Awareness (SNEHA), supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Nagapattinam District Administration is a coordinating and facilitating agency to link the Tsunami affected communities with aid organisations and the government, and ensure appropriate, adequate and timely information flows between all stakeholders involved in relief and rehabilitation efforts in Nagapattinam. NCRC has been shut down on 31 Dec 2007 and its CEO & staff, programmes and governance mechanisms have been transferred to the long-term entity BEDROC.

BEDROC
Building and Enabling Disaster Resilience of Coastal Communities (BEDROC) is a Civil Society Organization (CSO) set up in order to continue the project-based post-tsunami development interventions initiated by the NGO Co-ordination and Resource Centre (NCRC), Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Alloxylon
Alloxylon is a genus of four species in the family Proteaceae of mainly small to medium-sized trees. They are native to the eastern coast of Australia, with one species, A. brachycarpum, found in New Guinea and the Aru Islands. The genus is a relatively new creation, being split off from Oreocallis in 1991. The name is derived from Ancient Greek allo- "other" or "strange" and xylon or "wood" due to their unusual cell architecture compared with the related genera Telopea and Oreocallis. In Australia, they are known as tree waratahs due to similarities in the inflorescences between them and the closely related Telopea.

Oreocallis
Oreocallis is a South American plant genus in the family Proteaceae. There is only one species, Oreocallis grandiflora, which is native to mountainous regions in Peru and Ecuador.

Previously, the genus was considered to have several species on both sides of the Pacific Ocean, however the four Australasian species were reclassified in the genus Alloxylon.

The genus was originally defined by Robert Brown in 1810 to contain the Australian species now classified elsewhere, while the two recognised South American species were placed in Embothrium at the time. A reclassification by Dutch botanist Hermann Otto Sleumer in 1954 saw these species transferred into Oreocallis.  A second species O. mucronata, has been reclassified as conspecific with O. grandiflora.  Some recent sources recognize both species.
Income Support
Income Support was an income-related benefit in the United Kingdom for some people who are on a low income, but had a reason for not actively seeking work. Claimants of Income Support could be entitled to certain other benefits, for example, Housing Benefit, Council Tax Reduction, Child Benefit, Carer's Allowance, Child Tax Credit and help with health costs. A person with capital over £16,000 could not get Income Support, and savings over £6,000 affected how much Income Support can be received. Claimants had to be between 16 and Pension Credit age, work fewer than 16 hours a week, and have a reason why they were not actively seeking work (caring for a child under 5 years old or someone who receives a specified disability benefit).

Pension Credit
Pension Credit is the principal element of the UK welfare system for people of pension age. It is intended to supplement the UK State Pension, or to replace it (for example, if the claimant did not meet the conditions to claim a State Pension). It was introduced in the UK in 2003 by Gordon Brown, then Chancellor of the Exchequer. It has been subject to a number of changes over its existence, but has the core aim of lifting retired people of limited means out of poverty.

Eligibility may be estimated on a government website.
Alasdair McDonnell
Alasdair McDonnell (born 1 September 1949) is a retired Irish nationalist politician in Northern Ireland who was leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) from 2011 to 2015, having served as deputy leader between 2004 and 2010. He was the Member of Parliament for Belfast South from 2005 to 2017, and also a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Belfast South from 1998 to 2015. He graduated from medical school at University College Dublin in 1974.

Belfast South (UK Parliament constituency)
Belfast South was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons from 1885 to 1918 and from 1922 to 2024. From the 2024 general election, it was succeeded by the constituency of Belfast South and Mid Down.
José María Martínez Salinas
José María Martínez Salinas was an independent Honduran politician who served as the head of state of Honduras from 1 January 1837 to 28 May 1837 as well as from 3 September 1838 to 12 November 1838. He came to power in his second term after Justo José Herrera left office for unknown reasons. Martínez is largely known to be puppet of Francisco Ferrera around this time as well as one of the key players in causing the dissolution and removal of Honduras from the Federal Republic of Central America.

Justo Herrera
Justo José Herrera (born 1789 in Tegucigalpa, death date unknown) was a Honduran politician who served as president from May 28, 1837, to September 3, 1838. He played a part in separating Honduras from the Federal Republic of Central America by approving a Declaration of independence passed by the Assembly of Honduras.
Matt Borne
Matthew Wade Osborne (July 27, 1957 – June 28, 2013), known professionally as Matt Borne, was an American professional wrestler. Osborne was a second generation wrestler, the son of Tony Borne, and is best known as being the first wrestler to portray the character of Doink the Clown.

Ricky Steamboat
Richard Henry Blood Sr. (born February 28, 1953), better known by his ring name Ricky "the Dragon" Steamboat, is an American retired professional wrestler currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is best known for his work with the American Wrestling Association (AWA), Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). Steamboat is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential professional wrestlers of all time.

In JCP and WCW, he was a one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, a four-time United States Heavyweight Champion, a four-time World Television Champion, a 12-time World Tag Team Champion (eight under the WCW banner, one (though unofficial) under the NWA banner, and three under the Mid-Atlantic banner), and a two-time Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Champion. In the WWF/E, Steamboat was a one-time Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009.
Charles Weerts
Charles Weerts (born 1 March 2001) is a Belgian racing driver who currently competes in the GT World Challenge Europe. On December 8, 2022, Weerts was announced as a factory driver for BMW M Motorsport where he would continue to drive for Team WRT.

BMW M Motorsport
BMW M Motorsport (formerly BMW Motorsport) is the division of BMW responsible for motorsport-related activities, including works-run competition programmes in touring car racing, sports car racing, motorcycle racing.

The current organisation is a result of a restructure in April 2021, bringing together the BMW M high-performance division with the competitive motorsport division.

Key personnel include Franciscus van Meel, CEO of BMW M GmbH, and Andreas Roos, Head of BMW M Motorsport.
Oljas Bektenov
Oljas Abaiūly Bektenov (Kazakh: Олжас Абайұлы Бектенов, [woɫʒɑ́s ɑbɑ́jʊɫə́ bʲektʰʲénəf] ⓘ; born 13 December 1980) is a Kazakh politician who has served as the prime minister of Kazakhstan since 2024.

Before his premiership, Bektenov held various positions, including Deputy Chairman of the Agency for Civil Service Affairs and Anti-Corruption from 2018, and later as Chairman of the Anti-Corruption Agency from 2022 to 2023. He was appointed as the Head of the Administration of the President.

Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
The prime minister of Kazakhstan is the head of government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the holder of its fourth highest office, after the president of Kazakhstan, the chairman of the Senate, and the chairman of the Majilis. The prime minister heads the cabinet and advises the president in the every day execution of the functions of the Parliament of Kazakhstan. The incumbent prime minister is Oljas Bektenov, who replaced acting Prime Minister Roman Sklyar on 6 February 2024 after the previous government's resignation.
Ocular dominance column
Ocular dominance columns are stripes of neurons in the visual cortex of certain mammals (including humans) that respond preferentially to input from one eye or the other. The columns span multiple cortical layers, and are laid out in a striped pattern across the surface of the striate cortex (V1). The stripes lie perpendicular to the orientation columns.

Ocular dominance columns were important in early studies of cortical plasticity, as it was found that monocular deprivation causes the columns to degrade, with the non-deprived eye assuming control of more of the cortical cells.

It is believed that ocular dominance columns must be important in binocular vision. Surprisingly, however, many squirrel monkeys either lack or partially lack ocular dominance columns, which would not be expected if they are useful. This has led some to question whether they serve a purpose, or are just a byproduct of development.

Orientation column
Orientation columns are organized regions of neurons that are excited by visual line stimuli of varying angles. These columns are located in the primary visual cortex (V1) and span multiple cortical layers. The geometry of the orientation columns are arranged in slabs that are perpendicular to the surface of the primary visual cortex.
STARS-II
Space Tethered Autonomous Robotic Satellite II or STARS-II, was a nanosatellite built by Japan's Kagawa University to test an electrodynamic tether in low Earth orbit, a follow-on to the STARS mission.

STARS-II was launched by an H-IIA rocket, flying in the 202 configuration, as a secondary payload aboard the launch of the GPM Core Observatory on 27 February 2014. After two months in orbit, STARS-II reentered the atmosphere on 26 April 2014.

Kagawa University
Kagawa University (香川大学, Kagawa Daigaku) is a national university in Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. Kagawa university has its roots in a vocational school founded in 1874. The university was established in 1949 as a national university after the consolidation and reorganization of the Kagawa Normal School, the Kagawa Normal School for Youth and the Takamatsu College of Economics (formerly the Takamatsu Higher School of Commerce). The Faculty of Economics is the oldest public specialized school in the Shikoku region. The business school is located in Takamatsu, where the main national government offices governing the four Shikoku prefectures and the branches of listed companies are concentrated. The Faculty of Agriculture conducts research into rare sugar. In cooperation with the Kagawa Prefecture, the university supports the Setouchi Triennale in both academic and cultural aspects.