hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spermatocyte
Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and secondary spermatocytes. Primary and secondary spermatocytes are formed through the process of spermatocytogenesis.

Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. After meiosis I, two secondary spermatocytes are formed. Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain half the number of chromosomes.

In all animals, males produce spermatocytes, even hermaphrodites such as C. elegans, which exist as a male or hermaphrodite. In hermaphrodite C. elegans, sperm production occurs first and is then stored in the spermatheca. Once the eggs are formed, they are able to self-fertilize and produce up to 350 progeny.

Spermatogonium
A spermatogonium (plural: spermatogonia) is an undifferentiated male germ cell. Spermatogonia undergo spermatogenesis to form mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles.

There are three subtypes of spermatogonia in humans:

Type A (dark) cells, with dark nuclei. These cells are reserve spermatogonial stem cells which do not usually undergo active mitosis.
Type A (pale) cells, with pale nuclei. These are the spermatogonial stem cells that undergo active mitosis. These cells divide to produce Type B cells.
Type B cells, which undergo growth and become primary spermatocytes.
Gwendolyn Brooks
Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks (June 7, 1917 – December 3, 2000) was an American poet, author, and teacher. Her work often dealt with the personal celebrations and struggles of ordinary people in her community. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry on May 1, 1950, for Annie Allen, making her the first African American to receive a Pulitzer Prize.

Throughout her prolific writing career, Brooks received many more honors. A lifelong resident of Chicago, she was appointed Poet Laureate of Illinois in 1968, a position she held until her death 32 years later. She was also named the U.S. Poet Laureate for the 1985–86 term. In 1976, she became the first African-American woman inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Haki R. Madhubuti
Haki R. Madhubuti (born Don Luther Lee on February 23, 1942) is an African-American author, educator, and poet, as well as a publisher and operator of black-themed bookstore. He is particularly recognized in connection with the founding in 1967 of Third World Press, considered the oldest independent black publishing house in the United States.

Madhubuti is a much sought-after poet and lecturer, and has convened workshops and served as guest/keynote speaker at thousands of colleges, universities, libraries and community centers in the U.S. and abroad.

The name Haki means "just" or "justice," and Madhubuti means "precise, accurate and dependable," both names deriving from the Swahili language. He changed his name in 1974.
Bourgeois Tarot
The Bourgeois Tarot deck is a mid-19th century pattern of tarot cards of German origin that is used for playing card games in western Europe and Canada. It is not designed for divinatory purposes. This deck is most commonly found in France, Belgian Wallonia, Swiss Romandy and the Canadian province of Québec for playing French Tarot; in southwest Germany for playing Cego and Dreierles; and in Denmark for Danish Tarok.

The pattern is produced in two different designs: the Black Forest pack used only in southwest Germany and the Tarot Nouveau used everywhere else, but especially in France. The International Playing-Card Society (IPCS) classifies both types as Bourgeois Tarot. The pattern is also called the Domestic Scenes pattern, but the name Bourgeois Tarot is preferred by the IPCS. Simon Wintle also refers to the original design by C.L. Wüst as the Encyclopedic Tarot.

Grosstarock
Grosstarock (German: Großtarock) is an old three-handed card game of the Tarock family played with a full 78-card Tarot pack. It was probably introduced into the southern German states around 1720 but spread rapidly into Austria and northwards as far as the Netherlands and Scandinavia. It only survives today in Denmark where it is called Tarok.

Classical Grosstarock is not related to the modern 54-card game known as Viennese Grosstarock which developed out of Zwanzigerrufen.
Blossom (Doh Kyung-soo EP)
Blossom (Korean: 성장; RR: Seongjang; lit. Growth) is the third EP by South Korean singer and actor Doh Kyung-soo. The EP was released on May 7, 2024, under Doh's newly established agency Company SooSoo and it was distributed by Dreamus. This release marks the singer's first comeback after departing SM Entertainment after 11 years with the agency.

Consisting of six tracks, the EP features two singles; pre-release "Popcorn" on April 30 and followed by its lead single "Mars" on May 7. According to South Korean music data provider Circle Chart, the EP sold over 120,000 copies within its first week of its release.

Doh Kyung-soo
Doh Kyung-soo (Korean: 도경수; born January 12, 1993), known professionally as D.O. (디오), is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of the South Korean boy band Exo. He debuted as a soloist on July 26, 2021, with his first extended play (EP) Empathy. He has since released two more EPs, Expectation (2023) and Blossom (2024), as well as a studio album, Bliss (2025).

As an actor, Doh has starred in various television dramas and movies such as It's Okay, That's Love (2014), My Annoying Brother (2016), Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds (2017), 100 Days My Prince (2018), Swing Kids (2018), Bad Prosecutor (2022), and The Manipulated (2025). In recognition of his acting, he was selected by the Korean Film Council as one of the 200 Korean actors that best represent the present and future of Korea's movie scene.
Marko Petkovšek
Marko Petkovšek (1955 – 24 March 2023) was a Slovenian mathematician working mainly in symbolic computation.
He was a professor of discrete and computational mathematics at the University of Ljubljana. He is best known for Petkovšek's algorithm, and for the book that he coauthored with Herbert Wilf and Doron Zeilberger, A = B.

Herbert Wilf
Herbert Saul Wilf (June 13, 1931 – January 7, 2012) was an American mathematician, specializing in combinatorics and graph theory.  He was the Thomas A. Scott Professor of Mathematics in Combinatorial Analysis and Computing at the University of Pennsylvania.  He wrote numerous books and research papers. Together with Neil Calkin he founded  The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics in 1994 and was its editor-in-chief until 2001.
Morbi district
Morbi district is in the state of Gujarat, India. It was formed on 15 August 2013, along with several other districts, on the 67th Independence Day of India. Morbi city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has five talukas - Morbi, Maliya, Tankara, Wankaner (previously in Rajkot district) and Halvad (previously in Surendranagar district). Morbi city is the administrative headquarters of Morbi district. The town of Morbi is situated on the Machchhu River, 35 km from the sea and 60 km from Rajkot. As per 2011 census data, the city had a  population  of 2,10,451 and average literacy rate of 83.64%.

This district is surrounded by Kutch district to the north, Surendranagar district to the east, Rajkot district to the south and Jamnagar district to the west.

Morbi
Morbi or Morvi is a city founded as a princely state around 1698 by Jadeja Thakor Saheb Shree Kayoji Ravaji. It is in the Morbi district in the state of Gujarat, India. It is situated on the Kathiawar peninsula. The city is on the Machhu River, 35 km (22 mi) from the sea and 60 km (37 mi) from Rajkot. It is the former capital of Morvi State, which ceased to exist in 1948.

In 2011, the city's population was 194,947.

Morbi is known as the "ceramics capital of India".
Roger Aguilar Labrada
Roger Sebastián Aguilar Labrada (born 1947 in Pilón, Granma, Cuba) is a Cuban artist specializing in graphic design, painting, drawing and engraving.

Aguilar studied in 1965 at the Escuela Nacional para Instructores de Artes Plásticas in Havana and the following year he became part of the seminary the Taller Experimental de Gráfica (TEG) in Havana, Cuba. Between 1977 and 1981, Aguilar was director of this institution and the Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba (UNEAC).

National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba
The National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (Unión Nacional de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba, UNEAC) is a social, cultural and professional  organization of writers, musicians, actors, painters, sculptors, and artist of different genres.  It was founded on August 22, 1961, by the Cuban poet, Nicolas Guillen. Initially their objective was uniting the intellectuals within the young Cuban Revolution to maintain a genuine Cuban culture. The group issued La Gaceta de Cuba beginning in 1962. Cuban violinist and professor Evelio Tieles was President of the Music Section from 1977 to 1984.

Manuel Vázquez Portal was expelled from UNEAC because of his dissident views.
Qatar Football Association
The Qatar Football Association (Arabic: الاتحاد القطري لكرة القدم, romanized: al-Ittiḥād al-Qaṭariyy li-Kurat al-Qadam) is the governing body of football in Qatar. The QFA was founded in 1960 and is based in Doha, Qatar. It became a member of FIFA in 1972 and of AFC in 1974. The Qatar Football Association organizes the main leagues of the Qatar football league system: Qatar Stars League, Qatari Second Division, including domestic cups: Qatar Cup, Emir of Qatar Cup, Sheikh Jassim Cup, Qatari Stars Cup and Qatar FA Cup. The association is also responsible for the men's, U-17, U-20, U-23, women's national teams and the local women's, youth and futsal football leagues.

Qatar national under-20 football team
The Qatar national under-20 football team is the national youth team of Qatar and is controlled by the Qatar Football Association. Qatar's U-20 national team played an important role in the development of football in Qatar and gave it one of its first shining moments on the global stage when the youth squad finished second in the 1981 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia.
Chalkhill blue
The chalkhill blue (Lysandra coridon) is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is a small butterfly that can be found throughout the Palearctic realm, where it occurs primarily in grasslands rich in chalk. Males have a pale blue colour, while females are brown. Both have chequered fringes around their wings.

Lysandra hispana
Lysandra hispana, the Provence chalk-hill blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Spain, southern France and northern Italy.

The wingspan is 16–18 mm. It is very similar to Lysandra coridon  but is  paler (greyer and duller, greyish pearly-blue, nacreous blue) with the distal margin more strongly spotted. However both are very variable. The butterfly is on wing from April to September in two generations. The habitat is dry grassland on chalk or limestone.

The larvae feed on horseshoe vetch.
Constitution of Brazil
The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil or 1988 Federal Constitution (Portuguese: Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil ou Constituição Federal de 1988) is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil and the federal government of Brazil. It replaced the autocratic 1967 constitution capping 21 years of military dictatorship and establishing Brazil's current republic, often referred to as the New Republic. Made in the light of the Brazilian transition to democracy, it resignified the role of the state in the citizens' lives, providing a vast system of human and individual rights protection, social welfare, and democratic tools.

Federal government of Brazil
The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília.
Envsys
The envsys framework is a kernel-level hardware monitoring sensors framework in NetBSD.  As of 4 March 2019, the framework is used by close to 85 device drivers to export various environmental monitoring sensors, as evidenced by references of the sysmon_envsys_register symbol within the sys path of NetBSD; with temperature sensors, ENVSYS_STEMP, being the most likely type to be exported by any given driver.: 32   Sensors are registered with the kernel through sysmon_envsys(9) API.  Consumption and monitoring of sensors from the userland is performed with the help of envstat utility through proplib(3) through ioctl(2) against the /dev/sysmon pseudo-device file, the powerd power management daemon that responds to kernel events by running scripts from /etc/powerd/scripts/, as well as third-party tools like symon and GKrellM from pkgsrc.

Bioctl
The bio(4) pseudo-device driver and the bioctl(8) utility to implement a generic RAID volume management interface in OpenBSD and NetBSD.  The idea behind this software is similar to ifconfig, where a single utility from the operating system can be used to control any RAID controller using a generic interface, instead of having to rely on many proprietary and custom RAID management utilities specific for each given hardware RAID manufacturer.  Features include monitoring of the health status of the arrays, controlling identification through blinking the LEDs and managing of sound alarms, and specifying hot spare disks.  Additionally, the softraid configuration in OpenBSD is delegated to bioctl as well; whereas the initial creation of volumes and configuration of hardware RAID is left to card BIOS as non-essential after the operating system has already been booted.  Interfacing between the kernel and userland is performed through the ioctl system call through the /dev/bio pseudo-device.
Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area
The Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area, officially the Parkersburg–Vienna, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in West Virginia, anchored by the cities of Parkersburg and Vienna. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 89,490. Prior to the 2020 census, the metro area included the city of Marietta, Ohio and Washington County, which has since been redefined as its own micropolitan area. They now form the Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna, WV–OH Combined Statistical Area.

Washington County, Ohio
Washington County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 59,711. Its county seat is Marietta. The county, the oldest in the state, is named for George Washington. Washington County comprises the Marietta, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH Combined Statistical Area.
Morrison incident
The Morrison incident (モリソン号事件, Morison-gō Jiken) of 1837 occurred when the American merchant ship Morrison, headed by Charles W. King, was driven away from "sakoku" (isolationist) Japan by cannon fire. This was carried out in accordance with the Japanese Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels of 1825. It has been alleged that King used the pretext of repatriating seven Japanese castaways, among them Yamamoto Otokichi, to try to open trade with Japan.

Otokichi
Otokichi (音吉 or 乙吉), also known as Yamamoto Otokichi (山本音吉) and later known as John Matthew Ottoson (1818 – January 1867), was a Japanese castaway originally from the area of Onoura near modern-day Mihama, on the west coast of the Chita Peninsula in Aichi Prefecture.
Jesuit Volunteer Corps Northwest
Jesuit Volunteer Corps (JVC) Northwest connects people with one or more years of volunteer service that focus on JVC Northwest's values of community, spirituality/reflection, simple living, and social & ecological justice. JVC Northwest provides opportunities for individuals to reach out to persons living on the margins of society and vulnerable places throughout the Pacific Northwest. Jesuit Volunteers live together and serve with partner agencies in both rural and urban locales throughout Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington.

Jesuit Volunteer Corps
The Jesuit Volunteer Corps (JVC) is an organization of lay volunteers who volunteer one year or more to community service with poor communities. JVC works in inner city neighborhoods and rural communities in about 36 different cities throughout the U.S. JVC works with the homeless, abused women and children, immigrants and refugees, the mentally ill, people with HIV/AIDS and other illnesses, the elderly, children, and on behalf of other marginalized groups. Jesuit Volunteers (JVs) in the international program that places volunteers in other countries.

The organization's official motto is "Dare to change".
Arslan Giray
Arslan Giray (1692–1768) was Khan of the Crimean Khanate from 1748 to 1756 and again in 1767. He was the second son of Devlet II Giray. Arslan's own son, Devlet IV Giray, acceded to the khanship in 1769, and his grandson was the historian Halim Giray. Two of Arslan's brothers were also khans: Fetih II Giray (1736) and Qırım Giray (1758). He was said to be noble, brave, and respected by his subjects. His name means "lion".

In 1735–1736 Arslan was nureddin under his uncle Qaplan I Giray at the time of the first Russian invasion. In 1736–1737 he was kalga under his brother Fetih II Giray at the time of the second Russian invasion. The next khans were Meñli II Giray (1737), Selâmet II Giray (1740), and Selim II Giray (1743).

Fetih II Giray
Fetih II Geray (reigned 1736-1737, lived 1696-1746) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate. During his brief reign Russia invaded Crimea for the second time. He was the eldest son of Devlet II Giray, one of the six brothers who held the khanship for most of the period 1699-1743. His son was future khan Selim III Giray. His brothers were future khans Arslan Giray and Qırım Giray.

During the third reign of his uncle and predecessor Qaplan I Giray he was nureddin until 1735 when he became kalga on the death of Adil Giray. In 1733 or 1734 he led a raid across to the Caspian Sea.  In the summer of 1736 Russia invaded Crimea for the first time and burned the capital, for which Qaplan was removed.
US Army Logistical Commands
United States Army Logistical Commands were created during the US Army's Pentomic Era, specifically from the post World War II Era through the post Korean War era to support the Regimental Combat Teams that would make up the basis of the new Pentomic Army.  The command's main emphasis was the operation of depots and ports.  They supported the various units in their assigned region with supply and transportation of supplies from port embarkation areas to the front line troop units.  There were 28 Logistical Commands, 8 serving active duty mainly in the Pacific and Europe and 20 serving Reserve and National Guard units.

Pentomic
Pentomic (cf. Greek pent(e)- + -tome "of five parts") was a structure for infantry and airborne divisions adopted by the US Army between 1957 and 1963 in response to the potential use of tactical nuclear weapons on future battlefields. It was intended that the five subordinate units, which were often referred to as battle groups (to distinguish them from traditional units), would be able to deploy and engage in operations more rapidly than conventional brigades while also having greater offensive capabilities than conventional battalions.

One US Army publication defines the pentomic division as "a public relations term designed to combine the concept of five subordinate units ('penta') with the idea of a division that could function on [either] an atomic or nonatomic battlefield".

Several other countries also temporarily adopted similar structures in their armed forces, at around the same time as the US example, including France (from 1955), Australia, Turkey, and Spain.
Sir Gaerfyrddin (constituency)
Sir Gaerfyrddin (Welsh for 'Carmarthenshire'; listenⓘ) is a proposed six-member constituency of the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru) to be used for the 2026 Senedd election.

It was proposed following the 2026 review of Senedd constituencies, and will be a pairing of the two UK Parliament constituencies of Caerfyrddin and Llanelli. It is to have a Welsh-only name.

2026 Senedd election
The 2026 Senedd election is due to be held on 7 May 2026 to elect 96 members to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru). It will be the seventh devolved general election since the Senedd (formerly the National Assembly for Wales) was established in 1999. It will also be the first election following reforms to the voting system, which increase the size of the Senedd from 60 members to 96, adopt a party-list voting system, reduce the number of constituencies to sixteen, and shorten its term from five years to four. The election will be held on the same day as local elections in England and elections to the Scottish Parliament.
Short Cromarty
The Short N.3 Cromarty was a prototype British twin-engined biplane flying boat, designed towards the end of the First World War. Only a single example was built, which first flew in 1921 and was wrecked in 1922.

English Electric Kingston
The English Electric P.5 Kingston was a British twin-engined biplane flying boat built by English Electric. When the English Electric Company  was formed in 1918 from several companies, the Phoenix Dynamo Manufacturing Company brought with it the two prototype Phoenix P.5 Cork reconnaissance flying boats. Redesigned, the Cork reappeared as the English Electric P.5 Kingston with a production order for five aircraft.
Nikon D2X
The Nikon D2X is a 12.4-megapixel professional digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) that Nikon Corporation announced on September 16, 2004. The D2X was the high-resolution flagship in Nikon's DSLR line until June 2006 when it was supplanted by the D2Xs and, in time, the Nikon D3 range, Nikon D4 range, the Nikon D5 and the Nikon D6— the latter four using a FX full-format sensor.

Nikon D2H
The Nikon D2H is a professional-grade digital single-lens reflex camera introduced by Nikon Corporation on July 22, 2003. It uses Nikon's own JFET-LBCAST sensor with a 4.1-megapixel resolution, and is optimised for sports and action shooting that require a high frame rate. In 2005, the D2H was replaced by the D2Hs, which added new features derived from the 12-megapixel D2X digital SLR. The D2Hs was discontinued after the introduction of the D300 and D3 models.

Like most early Nikon Digital SLR cameras, it uses a "DX Format" sensor, which applies a crop factor compared to 35 mm film of approximately 1.5×.
Tonj Airport
Tonj Airport (ICAO: HSTO) is an airport serving Tonj in South Sudan. It is located in Tonj South County in Warrap State, in the town of Tonj, in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan. The airport is just outside town to the west of the central business district.

This location lies approximately 420 kilometres (260 mi), by air, northwest of Juba International Airport, the largest airport in South Sudan. The geographic coordinates of this airport are: 7° 15' 59.89"N, 28° 39' 44.35"E (Latitude: 7.266639; Longitude: 28.662322). Tonj Airport is situated 431 metres (1,414 ft) above sea level. The airport has a single unpaved runway, the dimensions of which are not publicly known at this time.

Tonj
Tonj is a town located in Warrap State, in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan. It is known by various names, including Kalkuel, Genanyuon, Jurkatac, Madiera, Genngeu, and Tonjdit. The town is bordered by Rumbek, Cueibet, Yambio, Bentiu, and Gogrial. As of 2010, its population is 17,340.