hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Kolokoltsev
Vladimir Alexandrovich Kolokoltsev (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Колоко́льцев; born 11 May 1961) is a Russian politician and police officer who was the Moscow Police Commissioner from 2009 to 2012. He has been Russian Minister of Internal Affairs since 21 May 2012.

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министерство внутренних дел, МВД, romanized: Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del, MVD) is the interior ministry of Russia.

The MVD is responsible for law enforcement in Russia through its agencies the Police of Russia, Migration Affairs, Drugs Control, Traffic Safety, the Centre for Combating Extremism, and the Investigative Department. The MVD is headquartered in Zhitnaya Street 16 in Yakimanka, Moscow. Vladimir Kolokoltsev has been the Minister of Internal Affairs since 2012.
Paul Simpson (musician)
Paul Simpson is an English musician, vocalist, lyricist and writer from Liverpool, England, best known for his work with the Wild Swans and Care. Musically, his contributions have crossed the genres of synth-pop, post-punk, neo-psychedelia, new wave and ambient.

The Wild Swans (band)
The Wild Swans are a post-punk band from Liverpool, England, formed in 1980 shortly after Paul Simpson left the Teardrop Explodes. The band's personnel has been subject to regular turnover, with vocalist Simpson being the only constant member.

The original incarnation of the Wild Swans lasted until 1982, issuing one single. A reconstituted incarnation of the band issued two albums from 1988 to 1990 before dissolving again. In 2009, Simpson put a new lineup together and the group played numerous live dates, issuing a new studio album in 2011.

The Wild Swans also spun off two charting splinter projects: Care and the Lotus Eaters. Members of the Wild Swans have also been members of Echo & the Bunnymen, the Icicle Works, the Woodentops, the Brian Jonestown Massacre and the Lightning Seeds.
At the Heart of Winter
At the Heart of Winter is the fifth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on February 22, 1999 through Osmose Productions. It is the first Immortal album not to feature Demonaz on guitar, as he suffered from acute tendinitis in his hands, as well as the last album until Sons of Northern Darkness to feature Abbath on bass. The album marks a shift in Immortal's musical sound, towards a black metal and thrash metal fusion.

Abbath
Olve Eikemo (born 27 June 1973), better known by his stage name Abbath Doom Occulta or simply Abbath, is a Norwegian musician best known as a founding member of the black metal band Immortal. Before founding Immortal, Abbath performed with Old Funeral alongside future Immortal member Demonaz. Following his departure from Immortal in 2015, he announced that he would be forming a new band under the Abbath name. Although primarily a guitarist, Abbath is also a proficient bassist and drummer, having started his career as a bassist and recorded all drums for Immortal albums Pure Holocaust and Battles in the North.
China Railway Engineering Corporation
The China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) is a state-owned holding company of China, which is under the supervision of the State Council. The company is the major shareholder of China Railway Group Limited (CRGL), its subsidiary. CREC is one of the world's largest transportation infrastructure contractors.

China Railway Group Limited
China Railway Group Limited, known as CREC (the acronym of its predecessor and parent company China Railway Engineering Corporation), is a Chinese construction company which is traded on the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock exchanges. The major shareholder of the company is the state-owned China Railway Engineering Corporation (CRECG).

By revenue, CREC is the largest construction company in the world in the 2015 Engineering News-Record "Top 225 Global Contractors". In 2016, CRECG ranks in the 57th place among Fortune Global 500 Enterprises and the 7th place among Top 500 Chinese Enterprises.
Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax (/ˈpɜːrtɪnæks/ PER-tin-ax; 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was Roman emperor for the first three months of 193, succeeding Commodus and becoming the first ruler of the turbulent Year of the Five Emperors.

The son of a freedman, Pertinax rose from modest origins through a military career. He distinguished himself in the Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 and went on to hold a succession of governorships and senior commands. He also sat in the Roman Senate, where he was a contemporary of the historian Cassius Dio.

After the assassination of Commodus, Pertinax was chosen emperor. He aimed at restoring army discipline and imperial financial stability, but his reforms angered the Praetorian Guard, who killed him after just 87 days. He was later deified by Septimius Severus, who promoted his memory as part of his own rise to power. Ancient and modern assessments generally view Pertinax as a capable and conscientious ruler undone by circumstances.

Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was the imperial guard of the Imperial Roman army that served various roles for the Roman emperor including being a bodyguard unit, counterintelligence, crowd control and gathering military intelligence.

During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guards were escorts for high-ranking political officials and were bodyguards for the senior officers of the Roman legions. In 27 BC, after Rome's transition from republic to empire, the first emperor of Rome, Augustus, designated the Praetorians as his personal security escort. For three centuries, the guards of the Roman emperor were also known for their palace intrigues, by whose influence upon imperial politics the Praetorians could overthrow an emperor and then proclaim his successor as the new caesar of Rome. In AD 312, Constantine the Great disbanded the cohortes praetoriae and destroyed their barracks at the Castra Praetoria.
U.S. Route 1 in South Carolina
U.S. Highway 1 (US 1) is a 170.540-mile (274.458 km) north–south U.S. Highway that crosses South Carolina from southwest to northeast and connects the cities of North Augusta, Aiken, Lexington, Columbia, Camden, and Cheraw.

The route parallels Interstate 20 (I-20) closely from the Georgia border to Camden, where I-20 turns to a more directly easterly direction. From Camden to the North Carolina border, US 1 is the highest capacity route through much of the Sandhills region.

Aiken, South Carolina
Aiken is the most populous city in, and the county seat of, Aiken County, South Carolina, United States. According to 2020 census, the population was 32,025, making it the 15th-most populous city in South Carolina, and one of the two largest cities of the Central Savannah River Area.

Founded in 1835, Aiken was named after William Aiken, the president of the South Carolina Railroad. It became part of Aiken County when the county was formed in 1871. In the late 19th century, Aiken gained fame as a wintering spot for wealthy people from the Northeast. Thomas Hitchcock, Sr. and William C. Whitney established the Aiken Winter Colony. Over the years Aiken became a winter home for many notable people, including George H. Bostwick, James B. Eustis, Madeleine Astor, William Kissam Vanderbilt, Eugene Grace, president of Bethlehem Steel, Allan Pinkerton, and W. Averell Harriman.

Aiken is home to the University of South Carolina Aiken.
Freya Adams
Freya Adams is an actress, writer, and producer, best known for her role in the film Advantageous. She is also a Co-Founder of OREAD Entertainment. At Oread Entertainment, Freya works on developing new Film, TV, and Video Game projects.

Advantageous
Advantageous is a 2015 American science fiction drama film starring Jacqueline Kim, James Urbaniak, Freya Adams, Ken Jeong, Jennifer Ehle, and Samantha Kim. The film was released exclusively on Netflix on June 23, 2015.
Butte County, California
Butte County (/ˈbjuːt/ ⓘ) is a county located in the northern central part of the U.S. state of California. In the 2020 census, its population was 211,632. The county seat is Oroville.

Butte County comprises the Chico, California, metropolitan statistical area. It is in the California Central Valley, north of the state capital of Sacramento.

Butte County is drained by the Feather River and the Sacramento River. Butte Creek and Big Chico Creek are additional perennial streams, both tributary to the Sacramento. The county is home to California State University, Chico and Butte College.

Chico, California
Chico (/ˈtʃiːkoʊ/ CHEE-koh; Spanish for "boy") is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 101,475 in the 2020 census, an increase from 86,187 in the 2010 census. Chico is the cultural and economic center of the northern Sacramento Valley, as well as the most populous city in California north of the capital city of Sacramento. The city is known as a college town, as the home of California State University, Chico, and for Bidwell Park, one of the largest urban parks in the world.
Konstanz station
Konstanz station (German: Bahnhof Konstanz) is the largest passenger station in the German city of Konstanz (Constance). It is served by regional and long-distance services operated by Deutsche Bahn and Swiss Federal Railways. It is the end of the High Rhine Railway and the beginning of the Lake Line.

Singen (Hohentwiel) station
Singen (Hohentwiel) station is an important regional railway junction station and interchange station in the town of Singen in the south of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Three railways now meet there, but in the past five lines connected to it. The station is served by InterCity trains on the Stuttgart–Zurich route and several regional trains.

It is one of three railway stations in Singen, the other two being Singen-Landesgartenschau and Singen-Industriegebiet.
Single-wire transmission line
A single-wire transmission line (or single wire method) is a method of transmitting electrical power or signals using only a single electrical conductor. This is in contrast to the usual use of a pair of wires providing a complete circuit, or an electrical cable likewise containing (at least) two conductors for that purpose.

The single-wire transmission line is not the same as the single-wire earth return system, which is not covered in this article. The latter system relies on a return current through the ground, using the earth as a second conductor between ground terminal electrodes. In a single-wire transmission line there is no second conductor of any form.

Single-wire earth return
Single-wire earth return (SWER) or single-wire ground return is a single-wire transmission line which supplies single-phase electric power from an electrical grid to remote areas at lowest cost. The earth (or sometimes a body of water) is used as the return path for the current, to avoid the need for a second wire (or neutral wire) to act as a return path.

Single-wire earth return is principally used for rural electrification, but also finds use for larger isolated loads such as water pumps. It is also used for high-voltage direct current over submarine power cables. Electric single-phase railway traction, such as light rail, uses a very similar system. It uses resistors to earth to reduce hazards from rail voltages, but the primary return currents are through the rails.
Metro Airlines
Metro Airlines, originally Houston Metro Airlines, was a commuter airline that was originally headquartered in Houston, Texas, United States. Metro subsequently moved its headquarters to north Texas. The airline had an operational base located on the grounds of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and also had offices on the airport property and in Grapevine, Texas. Metro evolved into an airline holding company with the acquisition or creation of a number of different airlines, including as the banner carrier (commercial aviation) operating feeder services for Eastern Airlines as Eastern Metro Express which was based in Atlanta, GA and Metroflight which operated American Eagle service from the Dallas/Ft. Worth Airport. In 1993 it ceased operations due to bankruptcy.

Metro Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter at DFW

Metro Airlines Shorts 330 at DFW

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
FC Juventude (Sal)
Futebol Clube Juventude (Capeverdean Crioulo, also in the Sal Crioulo language, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: Juventudi) is a football (soccer) club that had played in the Premier division and plays in the Sal Island League in Cape Verde. It is based in the subdivision of Morro de Cural in the city of Espargos in the island of Sal. Juventude is the fifth successful football (soccer) club on the island, having won 7 official regional titles. As of the 2016–17 season, its chairman is David Brito and its coach is Djulhiano (not as Djuliano) Santos.

GD Palmeira
Grupo Desportivo Palmeira (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: Palméra, also in the Sal Crioulo) is a football club that had played in the Premier division and plays in the Sal Island League in Cape Verde.  It is based in the town of Santa Maria and plays in its municipal stadium north of the town center. Palmeira is the fourth successful football (soccer) club on the island, having won 8 official regional titles.
Cartoon Network Speedway
Cartoon Network Speedway is a kart racing video game released for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. Published by Majesco Entertainment and developed by DC Studios, the game features characters from Cartoon Network's original animated television series; Ed, Edd n Eddy, Johnny Bravo, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Cow and Chicken, and Sheep in the Big City.

Courage the Cowardly Dog
Courage the Cowardly Dog is an American animated comedy horror television series created by John R. Dilworth for Cartoon Network. It follows the anthropomorphic title character, Courage, who lives with an elderly couple, Muriel and Eustace Bagge, in the middle of Nowhere, a fictional town in Kansas. In each episode, Courage and his owners are thrown into paranormal or supernatural adventures. The series is known for its dark, surreal humor and atmosphere.

Dilworth pitched the series to Hanna-Barbera's animated shorts showcase What a Cartoon! and a pilot titled "The Chicken from Outer Space" aired on Cartoon Network on February 18, 1996. The segment was nominated for an Academy Award but lost to Wallace & Gromit: A Close Shave. The short was greenlit to become a series, which premiered on November 12, 1999, and ended on November 22, 2002, with four seasons consisting of 13 episodes each. It was nominated for three Golden Reel Awards and won one Annie Award.
V. Mohan
V. Mohan is an Indian physician specializing in diabetology. He is the Chairman of Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, which is an IDF Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Care. He is also the Chairman of the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation in Chennai which is an ICMR - Collaborating Centre of Excellence (ICMR-CCoE).

Dr. V. Mohan has been in clinical practice for over 45 years and has treated tens of thousands of patients with diabetes. He also has contributed extensively to scientific research on diabetes and has been extremely prolific as a researcher. He has  published over 1180 original articles and has a h-index of 170. He also serves on various national and international bodies and societies. He is ranked amongst the top 2% of scientists in the world and the top medical scientist in India as per Stanford University Global.

Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre
Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre is a diabetes speciality hospital chain that is headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was founded in 1991 by V. Mohan along with his wife Rema.
Dr. Mohan's Group has 50 centres and more than 4000 staff members. Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre is also the collaboration centre for World Health Organization on Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control. In 2017, the centre raised  $10.3 million in Series funding. This is the first round of funding for the centre since its founding in 1991. The money will be allocated to  Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre across India.
Rydzyna Castle
The Rydzyna Castle [rɨˈd͡zɨna] is a Baroque castle in Rydzyna, Poland. It was built in the beginning of the 15th century by Jan of Czernina. At the end of the 17th century, Italian architects Joseph Simon Bellotti and Pompeo Ferrari erected the present Baroque castle on its ancient foundations. The first owners of the castle were the Leszczyński family. Together with a park and surrounding areas, it was one of the most splendid palaces in Greater Poland.

Rydzyna
Rydzyna (pronounced RI-DZI-NA [rɨˈd͡zɨna]) is a historic town in western Poland, located in the southern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, 10 km south of Leszno, in the Leszno County.

The town's population is 2,446 (2006).

It was the seat of King Stanisław Leszczyński during his first short reign from 1704 to 1709. Rydzyna is commonly referred to as "the pearl of the Polish Baroque" due to its preserved Old Town core and a high abundance of historical monuments.
Chur West railway station
Chur West railway station is a railway station in Chur, Switzerland. It is located on the Landquart–Thusis line of the Rhaetian Railway. It is served twice hourly by Chur S-Bahn trains in each direction.

Chur S-Bahn
The expression Chur S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Chur) is used to describe two S-Bahn-style regional rail services focused upon Chur, the capital of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.  Both of these S-Bahn services run on metre gauge lines, and are operated by the Rhaetian Railway, which also runs the line from Chur to Arosa in similar fashion.
Recklessness (law)
In criminal law and in the law of tort, recklessness may be defined as the state of mind where a person deliberately and unjustifiably pursues a course of action while consciously disregarding any risks flowing from such action. Recklessness is less culpable than malice, but is more blameworthy than carelessness.

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
Agra Metro
The Agra Metro is a rapid transit system in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The metro is owned and operated by the Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC). It is set to consist of two metro lines, with a total length of 29.65 kilometres (18.42 mi) and 27 stations. The Agra Metro is one of five rapid transit system in Uttar Pradesh, the others being the Lucknow Metro, Meerut Metro, Kanpur Metro, and Noida Metro.

Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation
The Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC) is a 50:50 joint venture company between Government of India and Government of Uttar Pradesh that operates the Lucknow Metro, Kanpur Metro and Agra Metro. The Varanasi Metro, Prayagraj Metro, Gorakhpur Metro, and Bareilly Metro are proposed by UPMRC. The company's headquarters is at Vipin Khand, Gomti Nagar in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The Noida Metro, although located in Uttar Pradesh, is not operated by UPMRC and is instead operated by the Noida Metro Rail Corporation (NMRC), a separate company.

Similarly, Meerut Metro and Delhi Meerut RRTS also located in Uttar Pradesh are not operated by UPMRC and are instead operated by National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC).
Massive Development
Massive Development GmbH was a German video game developer based in Mannheim, Germany. Founded as Massive Development GbR, the company was active between 1994 and 2005 and is primarily known for their post-apocalyptic science fiction video games Archimedean Dynasty and AquaNox, which have attained somewhat of a cult status.

AquaNox
AquaNox is a series of submarine-based first-person shooter/simulation video games set in the distant future. The collection includes AquaNox, AquaNox 2: Revelation and AquaNox: The Angel's Tears. The predecessor and the starter of the series is the MS-DOS title Archimedean Dynasty.
2015 Moncks Corner mid-air collision
On July 7, 2015, an F-16 fighter jet operated by the United States Air Force collided in-flight with a private Cessna 150 single-engine light aircraft over Moncks Corner, South Carolina, United States. Both occupants of the Cessna were killed; the pilot of the F-16 ejected safely.

The subsequent investigation found that the local air traffic control unit had failed to ensure adequate separation between the two aircraft.

Cessna 150
The Cessna 150 is a two-seat tricycle gear general aviation airplane that was designed for flight training, touring and personal use. In 1977, it was succeeded in production by the Cessna 152, a minor modification to the original design.

The Cessna 150 is the fifth most produced aircraft ever, with 23,839 produced. The Cessna 150 was offered for sale in named configurations that included the Standard basic model, the Trainer with dual controls, and the deluxe Commuter, along with special options for these known as Patroller options. Later, these configurations were joined by the top-end Commuter II and the aerobatic Aerobat models.

In 2007, Cessna announced a successor to the Model 150 and 152, the Model 162 Skycatcher.
William Lane Watkins
William Lane Watkins (1852-1929) was an African American physician and schoolteacher. He practiced medicine and was the teacher and principal of Mt. Nebo School for Colored Children in Prince George's County, Maryland, and was the first black man to graduate from the Boston University School of Medicine.

Boston University School of Medicine
The Boston University School of Medicine (formally the Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine) is the medical school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1848. Originally known as the New England Female Medical College, it was renamed Boston University School of Medicine in 1873. It became the Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, in 2022. In 1864, it became the first medical school in the United States to award an MD degree to an African-American woman.

The school is the only medical school located in the South End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Medical Center, its primary teaching hospital, operates the largest 24-hour Level I trauma center in New England, and the largest network of regional community health centers. The school is the home of the Framingham Heart Study, from which all knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors were originally discovered.