hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constantine IV
Constantine IV (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, romanized: Kōnstantīnos, lit. 'Constantinus'); c. 650 – 10 July 685), called the Younger (Greek: ὁ νέος, romanized: ho Néos) and often incorrectly the Bearded (Greek: Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: Pōgōnãtos) out of confusion with his father, was Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685. His reign saw the first serious check to nearly 50 years of uninterrupted Arab expansion, most notably his successful defence of Constantinople, and the temporary stabilization of the Byzantine Empire after decades of war, defeats, and civil strife. His calling of the Sixth Ecumenical Council saw the end of the monothelitism controversy in the Byzantine Empire; for this, he is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, with his feast day on September 3.

Constans II
Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας, romanized: Kōnstās; 7 November 630 – 15 July 668), also called "the Bearded" (Greek: ὁ Πωγωνᾶτος, romanized: ho Pōgōnãtos), was the Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668. Constans was the last attested emperor to serve as consul, in 642, although the office continued to exist until the reign of Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912). His religious policy saw him steering a middle line in disputes between the Orthodox and Monothelites by refusing to persecute either and prohibited discussion of the natures of Jesus Christ under the Typos of Constans in 648. His reign coincided with Arab invasions under Umar, Uthman, and Mu'awiya I in the late 640s to 660s. Constans was the first emperor to visit Rome since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and the last one to visit Rome while the Empire still held it.
MASI index
The MASI (Moroccan all shares index) is a stock index that tracks the performance of all companies listed in the Casablanca Stock Exchange located at Casablanca, Morocco. It is one of the two main indexes at the stock exchange, the other being the MADEX (Moroccan most active shares index).

MADEX index
The MADEX index (Moroccan Most Active Shares Index) is a stock index that comprises most active shares listed continuously in the Casablanca Stock Exchange (Casablanca, Morocco) with variations closely linked to all the market serves as a reference for the listing of all funds invested in shares.  It is one of two major indices of the Casablanca bourse, the other one being the MASI (Moroccan All Shares Index).
Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i
Abd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karīm b. al-Faḍl b. al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan Imām al-Din Abū al-Qāsim al-Rāfi'i al-Qazwini, who was better known as Abū al-Qāsim al-Rāfi'i (Arabic: أبو القاسم الرافعي) was a Sunni Muslim scholar based in Qazvin. He was a well-known jurisconsult, legal theoretician, hadith scholar, Qur'anic exegete, historian, ascetic, and muhaqqiq (researcher). Shah Waliullah Dehlawi categorized al-Rafi'i as one of the scholars who attained mujtahid mutlaq (absolute/autonomous ijtihad). Al-Rāfi'i, along with al-Nawawi, are leading jurists of the earlier classical age, known by the Shafi'i school as the Two Shaykhs (al-Shaykhayn). As per Taj al-Din al-Subki, the purpose of this title is to indicate their superior standing within the school, as al-Rāfi'i and al-Nawawi were the primary sources for the later school's legal doctrines. Furthermore, al-Rafi'i was chosen by a host of scholars to be the mujaddid of the sixth/twelfth century.

Al-Nawawi
Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (Arabic: يحيى بن شرف النووي, romanized: Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī) (October 1233 – 21 December 1277) was a Sunni Shafi'ite jurist and hadith scholar. Al-Nawawi died at the relatively early age of 45. Despite this, he authored numerous and lengthy works ranging from hadith, to theology, biography, and jurisprudence that are still read to this day. Al-Nawawi, along with Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i, are leading jurists of the earlier classical age, known by the Shafi'i school as the Two Shaykhs (al-Shaykhayn).
Magnetic ring spinning
Magnetic ring spinning, magnetic spinning, or innovative spinning is a ring spinning technology for making yarn based on magnetic levitation. This technique functions without a traveler sliding over the ring, enabling much higher spinning rates.

Ring spinning
Ring spinning is a spindle-based method of spinning fibres, such as cotton, flax or wool, to make a yarn. The ring frame developed from the throstle frame, which in its turn was a descendant of Arkwright's water frame. Ring spinning is a continuous process, unlike mule spinning which uses an intermittent action. In ring spinning, the roving is first attenuated by using drawing rollers, then spun and wound around a rotating spindle which in its turn is contained within an independently rotating ring flyer. Traditionally ring frames could only be used for the coarser counts, but they could be attended by semi-skilled labour.
2017 FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup
The 2017 FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup was an international men's basketball tournament contested by national teams of the newly formed Melanesian sub-zone of FIBA Oceania. The inaugural edition of the men's competition was played together alongside the women's tournament at the Taurama Aquatic and Indoor Centre in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, from 27 to 30 September 2017. It was officially launched on 19 May 2017.

The tournament also served as qualifiers for the men's basketball event of the 2019 Pacific Games in Samoa with three berths for Melanesia allocated for the top three teams of this tournament.

The hosts Papua New Guinea dominated the entire tournament winning all of their games, including the championship game against New Caledonia to win the maiden championship. Both finalists and the third-placer Fiji qualified for and represented the Melanesia Region at the basketball tournament of the 2019 Pacific Games.

2017 FIBA Women's Melanesian Basketball Cup
The 2017 FIBA Women's Melanesian Basketball Cup was an international women's basketball tournament contested by nations of the newly formed Melanesian sub-zone of FIBA Oceania. The inaugural edition of the women's tournament was played together alongside the men's tournament at the Taurama Aquatic and Indoor Centre in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, from 27 to 30 September 2017. It was officially launched on 19 May 2017.

The tournament also served as qualifiers for the women's basketball event of the 2019 Pacific Games in  Samoa with three berths for Melanesia allocated for the top three teams of this tournament.

The hosts Papua New Guinea dominated the women's tournament winning all of their games including the final.
Aush
Aush  (/ˈɔːʃ, ˈɑːʃ/ AWSH, AHSH; Persian: آش [ˈɒːʃ]), properly romanized as āsh, is a variety of thick soup, usually served hot. It is part of Iranian cuisine and Afghan cuisine, and is also found in Azerbaijani, Turkish, and South Caucasian cuisines.

Afghan cuisine
Afghan cuisine is influenced by Persian, Turkish, Central Asian and South Asian cuisines due to Afghanistan's close proximity and cultural ties. The cuisine is halal and mainly based on mutton, beef and poultry with rice and Afghan bread. Accompanying these are common vegetables and dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, whey, and fresh and dried fruits such as apples, apricots, grapes, bananas, oranges, plums, pomegranates, sweet melons, and raisins. The diet of most Afghans revolves around rice-based dishes, while various forms of naan are consumed with most meals. Tea is generally consumed daily in large quantities, and is a major part of hospitality. The culinary specialties reflect the nation's ethnic and geographic diversity. The national dish of Afghanistan is Kabuli palaw, a rice dish cooked with raisins, carrots, nuts, and lamb or beef.
Haitong Securities
Haitong Securities was a securities firm in China, providing services in stocks and futures brokerage, as well as investment banking, corporate finance, M&A, asset management, mutual fund, and private equity.

Haitong was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in July 2007 and has a market capitalization of more than $17.9 billion. By mid-2020, it was among China's four largest securities firms, together with CITIC Securities, Guotai Junan Securities, and GF Securities.

Guotai Haitong Securities
Guotai Haitong Securities (simplified Chinese: 国泰海通证券; traditional Chinese: 國泰海通證券; pinyin: Guótàiháitōng zhèngquàn), commonly abbreviated as GTHT, is a securities firm in China. Following its acquisition of Haitong Securities, it became China's largest securities brokerage by asset value.
Beth number
In mathematics, particularly in set theory, the beth numbers form a certain (unset) sequence of infinite cardinal numbers (also known as transfinite numbers), conventionally written , where  is the Hebrew letter beth. The beth numbers are related to the aleph numbers (), but unless the generalized continuum hypothesis is true, there are numbers indexed by  that are not indexed by . On the other hand, beth numbers are cofinal (every cardinal number is less than a beth number) in plain Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.

Continuum hypothesis
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the continuum hypothesis (abbreviated CH) is a hypothesis about the possible sizes of infinite sets. It states:

There is no set whose cardinality is strictly between that of the integers and the real numbers.

In Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC), this is equivalent to the following equation in aleph numbers: , or even shorter with beth numbers: .

The continuum hypothesis was advanced by Georg Cantor in 1878, and establishing its truth or falsehood is the first of Hilbert's 23 problems presented in 1900. The answer to this problem is independent of ZFC, so that either the continuum hypothesis or its negation can be added as an axiom to ZFC set theory, with the resulting theory being consistent if and only if ZFC is consistent. This independence was proved in 1963 by Paul Cohen, complementing earlier work by Kurt Gödel in 1940.

The name of the hypothesis comes from the term continuum for the real numbers.
Colt model 1839 carbine
The Colt model 1839 carbine is an early percussion revolving smoothbore carbine manufactured by the Patent Arms Manufacturing Company between 1838 and 1841. Produced alongside the Colt second model ring lever rifle (preceded by the first model ring lever rifle, Samuel Colt's first manufactured firearm), the model 1839 was the most popular longarm of the Patent Arms period. The model 1839 carbine is differentiated from Colt's ring lever rifles by the lack of a cocking ring lever and the presence of an external hammer, which, when manually cocked, would rotate the six-shot cylinder to the next position. Approximately 950 model 1839 carbines were manufactured, and an additional shotgun variant, the model 1839 shotgun, was produced from 1839 to 1841 with approximately 225 manufactured. Though the United States Navy and the Texas Navy purchased a number of model 1839 carbines, sales suffered due to the gun's high price and quality control issues.

Colt ring lever rifles
The Colt first model ring lever rifle and Colt second model ring lever rifle are two early caplock revolving rifles that were produced by the Patent Arms Manufacturing Company between 1837 and 1841.  The first model, produced between 1837 and 1838, was the first firearm manufactured by Samuel Colt, developed shortly before the advent of the Colt Paterson revolver.  The first model was succeeded by the second model, produced between 1838 and 1841, which featured minor variations in design and construction.  Both models are distinguished from later Colt revolving long-arms by the presence of a small ring lever located in front of the trigger.  This lever, when pulled, would index the cylinder to the next position and cock the internal hidden hammer.  Although complicated in design and prone to failures, fifty first model rifles were ordered by the U.S. Army for use against Seminole warriors in the Second Seminole War.
Northampton County, Virginia
Northampton County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,282. Its county seat is Eastville. Northampton and Accomack Counties are a part of the larger Eastern Shore of Virginia.

The county is the center of the late Eocene meteor strike that resulted in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. The Northampton County Courthouse Historic District is part of the Eastville Historic District at the county seat.

Accomack County, Virginia
Accomack County is a United States county that, together with Northampton County, constitutes the Eastern Shore region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. These two counties also form the southern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula, which is bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The town of Accomac serves as the county seat, while Chincoteague is the largest town in the county.

The area was named for the Accawmack Indians, who resided in the area when the English first explored it in 1603. The region was known as Accomac Shire until it was renamed Northampton County in 1642. The present Accomack County was then carved out of Northampton County in 1663.

As of the 2020 census, Accomack County had a total population of 33,413. The population has remained relatively stable over the 20th century, though Accomack is one of the poorest parts of Virginia.
Istana Tyersall
Istana Tyersall was a palace that used to be in the former Tyersall Park bound by Holland Road and Tyersall Road near the Singapore Botanic Gardens in Singapore. The land it was formerly built on is currently restricted from the public.

Demolished in 1935, it had long been confused with the dilapidated Istana Woodneuk due to its proximity, which was located on another smaller hill not far away. The difference with the roof tiles of these former palaces is that while Woodneuk was blue, Tyersall was red.

Tyersall Park
Tyersall Park is an estate in Singapore, bound by Holland Road and Tyersall Avenue, and near the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Previously a private land belonging to the Sultan of Johor from 1862, some portions of it had been acquired by the Government of Singapore in 1990 and in 2009 respectively.

The property is generally restricted from the public (excluding the parts that have been acquired) and is fenced along Tyersall Avenue. The ring road known as Catterick Circle used to run through the estate, and was still shown on maps even after the late Sultan of Johor's former palaces were no longer charted on any modern maps of Singapore. Catterick Circle was officially removed from updated maps of Singapore in the 1990s.
Corps Guestphalia Halle
The Corps Guestphalia Hall is a student association affiliate of the Kösen Senior Convents Association (KSCV). Presently it is once again located in Halle (Saale) and belongs to the Green Circle. The Corps members are called Hallenser Westfalen.

Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband
The Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband (abbreviation: KSCV) is the oldest association of German, Austrian and Swiss Studentenverbindungen or students fraternities. It comprises roughly 105 German, Austrian and a Flemish (Belgian), Hungarian and Swiss Corps, all of which are based upon the principle of tolerance.
Aero A.300
The Aero A.300 was a Czechoslovak bomber aircraft that first flew in 1938 as a much refined development of the A.304. It was designed by Aero to meet a requirement for a bomber-reconnaissance aircraft for the Czechoslovak Air Force, the Aero A-304 transport/bomber formed the basis for its design. It was a four-seat aircraft powered by two Bristol Mercury IX radial engines .  The A-300 was faster than any other Czechoslovak aircraft in the inventory except for the Avia B-35 fighter. Despite showing much promise, development and production of the aircraft was stopped by the German occupation of Czechoslovakia.

Aero A.304
The Aero A.304 was a Czechoslovak bomber aircraft that first flew in 1937. It had originally been developed as an airliner, the A.204, but when Aero could not find buyers for the design, it was militarised and successfully marketed to the Czechoslovak Air Force.
Lagina
Lagina (Ancient Greek: τὰ Λάγινα) or Laginia (Λαγινία) was a town and religious centre in ancient Caria. It contained an important monumental temple of Hecate, at which great festivals were celebrated every year. For most of antiquity, it was a part of the territory of Stratonicea.

Its site is located near Turgut, Anatolia, in southwestern Turkey.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.
X-Men: The Animated Series
X-Men: The Animated Series, also known as X-Men, is an animated superhero television series, based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. The  series aired in the United States for five seasons from October 31, 1992, to September 20, 1997, on Fox's Fox Kids programming block. It was produced by Marvel Entertainment and Saban Entertainment, and animated principally by AKOM.

It was Marvel Comics' second attempt at an animated X-Men television series after the pilot X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men was not picked up. Set in the same fictional universe as Spider-Man: The Animated Series (1994–1998), Earth-92131, it was followed by a revival, X-Men '97, which began airing on March 20, 2024, on Disney+ to critical acclaim.

The series is currently owned and distributed by The Walt Disney Company (Marvel's parent company), which acquired all Fox Kids-related properties from News Corporation and Saban in 2001.

Spider-Man: The Animated Series
Spider-Man: The Animated Series, also known as Spider-Man, is an American superhero animated television series based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. The series aired on the Fox Kids Network from November 19, 1994, to January 31, 1998, for a total of five seasons comprising 65 episodes, and ran reruns on Toon Disney's Jetix block and on Disney XD. The series was produced by Marvel Films and animated by TMS-Kyokuichi.

The series finale was the first to introduce the "Spider-Verse" storyline, also known as the "Spider-Man Multiverse", which later inspired similar narratives in various Spider-Man comics, cartoons, and films in the early 21st century. People magazine described the show as one of the best animated comic book adaptions of all time. The show was presented in Dolby Surround for Fox Kids.
Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.

European Rugby League
The European Rugby League (ERL) (previously Rugby League European Federation (RLEF)) is the umbrella body for nations playing the sport of rugby league football across Europe. In the absence of other continental federations, ERL also controls rugby league in North America  the Middle East and Africa through its sub-branches Americas Rugby League and Middle East-Africa Rugby League.
Banditry
Banditry is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the threat or use of violence. A person who engages in banditry is known as a bandit and primarily commits crimes such as extortion, robbery, kidnapping, and murder, either as an individual or in groups. Banditry is a vague concept of criminality and in modern usage can be synonymous with gangsterism, brigandage, marauding, terrorism, piracy, and thievery.

Brigandage
Brigandage is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder. It is practiced by a brigand, a person who is typically part of a gang and lives by pillage and robbery.

The word brigand entered English as brigant via French from Italian as early as 1400. Under the laws of war, soldiers acting on their own recognizance without operating in chain of command are brigands, liable to be tried under civilian laws as common criminals. However, on occasions brigands are not mere malefactors, but may be rebels against a state or union perceived as the enemy.

Bad administration and suitable terrain encourage the development of brigands. Historical examples of brigands (often called so by their enemies) have existed in territories of France, Greece and the Balkans, India, Italy, Mexico and Spain, as well as certain regions of the United States.
Brad Armstrong (wrestler)
Robert Bradley James (June 15, 1962 – November 1, 2012), better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong was an American professional wrestler best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler "Bullet Bob" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian.

Scott Armstrong (wrestler)
Joseph Scott James (born May 4, 1961) is an American wrestling referee producer, former referee and retired professional wrestler better known as Scott Armstrong, who is currently signed to Diamond Championship Wrestling. He worked for WWE. James is the oldest son of Bob Armstrong and has three brothers who became wrestlers, Brad, Steve and Brian.
Nasdaq Riga
The Nasdaq Riga, formerly Riga Stock Exchange, is the sole stock exchange operating in Riga, Latvia. It is owned by Nasdaq, which also operates exchanges in the USA, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Armenia, Lithuania, and Estonia. Established in 1993.

Riga Stock Exchange, together with Vilnius Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was established to minimize investing barriers between Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian markets.

OMX Riga (OMXRGI) is an all-share index consisting of all the shares listed on the Riga Stock Exchange.

The exchange has a pre-market session from 08:30am to 10:00am, a normal trading session from 10:00am to 04:00pm, and a post-market session from 04:00pm to 04:30pm.

Nasdaq Vilnius
The Nasdaq Vilnius is a stock exchange established in 1993 (Vilnius Stock Exchange, VSE) and currently operated by Nasdaq, Inc. Shares are listed on a Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange together with stocks from Latvia and Estonia.

OMX Vilnius (OMXVGI) is a stock market index for the Nasdaq Vilnius Exchange.