hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa
João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa (Velas, São Jorge, 16 January 1776–Velas, São Jorge, 1 February 1875), frequently referred to as João Soares de Albergaria, was  a liberal politician, rural landowner, and author of the 1822 manifesto Corografia Açórica, the first thesis on Azorean regional sovereignty.

São Jorge Island
São Jorge (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈʒɔɾʒɨ]; Portuguese for 'Saint George') is an island in the central group of the Azores archipelago and part of the autonomous region of Portugal.  Separated from its nearest neighbours (Pico and Faial islands) by  the 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) Pico-São Jorge Channel, the central group is often referred colloquially as part of the Triângulo ("Triangle") group or just "The Triangle". São Jorge is a relatively long thin island with tall cliffs, whose 8,381 inhabitants are concentrated on various geological debris fields (fajãs) along the north and south coasts; from east to west, the island is 53 kilometres (33 mi) long and, north to south, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide: its area is 237.59 square kilometres (91.73 mi2).
Hariharan (director)
Hariharan is an Indian film director who has directed over 50 Malayalam films. His movies mainly revolve around the cultural and relational aspects of a typical Keralite society. His most notable works include  Sharapancharam (1979), Panchagni (1986), Idavazhiyile Poocha Mindappoocha (1979), Amrutham Gamaya (1987), Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989), Sargam (1992), Parinayam (1994) and Pazhassi Raja (2009) which has won him wide critical acclaim. In 2019, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.

Sarapancharam
Sarapancharam (transl. bed of arrows) is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Hariharan from a story by Malayattoor Ramakrishnan. It stars Jayan, Sheela, and Sathaar and Latha, with P. K. Abraham and Oduvil Unnikrishnan in supporting roles. Jayan played the role of the main antagonist in the film. It was also one of the first notable films of Oduvil Unnikrishnan, who played the role of a lawyer. It was a breakthrough film in Jayan's career.

The story line of the film is loosely based on D. H. Lawrence's 1928 novel Lady Chatterley's Lover, though there are significant differences in plot and characterisation. The film was the highest-grossing Malayalam film of 1979.
Jean-Claude Leuyer
Jean-Claude Leuyer (born November 30, 1970), or simply Jean Claude, is an American former heavyweight kickboxer. He was a six-time world champion, holding titles in four different organizations, and competing in sixteen world title fights. He holds notable wins over Rob Kaman and Tomasz Kucharzewski in K-1.

Tomasz Kucharzewski
Tomasz Kucharzewski (August 13, 1968 – March 8, 2008) was a Polish-Canadian martial artist. Kucharzewski initially gained fame while fighting competitively in Kyokushin kaikan and Shidōkan styles of karate. Though greatly successful in karate, he became more involved in kickboxing during his later career. A dominating force in the ring, Kucharzewski was described by the veteran karate instructor and journalist Roger Salick as "indestructible" following his fourth (of five) International Shidōkan Championship wins. He held notable victories over Glaube Feitosa and international karate champion Gerry Marketos.
Agha Shaukat Ali
Agha Shaukat Ali (1919 – 19 March 2013) was a civil servant turned politician in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, British Indian Empire. He served as the General Secretary of the Muslim Conference party in the years preceding the Partition of India. Having migrated to Pakistan after the partition, he served as a civil servant, writer and diplomat.

All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference
The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference (Urdu: آل جموں و کشمیر مسلم کانفرنس) also shortly referred as Muslim Conference (MC) is a political party in Pakistan administered territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

The party was founded in 1941 by Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas, Mirwaiz Yusuf Shah, Agha Shaukat Ali and Syed Aziz Badshah of Dadyal in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir as a splinter group of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, which toke the name the National Conference went by from its founding in October 1932 until June 1939.

After the Partition of India, the party supported the accession of the princely state to Pakistan, and instigated the Poonch Rebellion against the Maharaja's government under the leadership of its legislator Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan. Pakistan, after turning the rebellion into an outright invasion, installed Ibrahim Khan as the President of the rebel-controlled region, called Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
Petola Visitor Centre
Kuhmo Visitor Centre Petola in Kuhmo, Finland was founded to provide information about large carnivores in Finland. The centre provides information about their appearance, behavior, habitats, research, monitoring and folk legends. Visiting the centre is free, excluding guided tours.

The permanent exhibition at the centre focuses on Finland's four large carnivores – bear, wolf, lynx and wolverine. Golden eagle and Finnish forest reindeer are also featured.  Temporary exhibitions cover various other issues.

Customer service at the centre provides information about hiking, other outdoor activities, nature conservation and nature reserves in Kuhmo and Kainuu.

Kuhmo
Kuhmo (known as Kuhmoniemi until 1937) is a town and a municipality in Finland and is located at the south-eastern corner of the Kainuu region. The municipality has a population of 7,413 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 5,456.78 square kilometres (2,106.87 sq mi) of which 649.97 km2 (250.95 sq mi) is water. The population density is 1.54 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.0/sq mi). It shares a border of 120 kilometres (75 mi) with Russia (Finnish-Russian border). Neighbouring towns are Hyrynsalmi, Lieksa, Nurmes, Ristijärvi, Sotkamo and Suomussalmi. A neighbour city across the Russian border is Kostomuksha. Vartius, one of the border crossing points between Finland and Russia, is located in northern Kuhmo.

Kuhmo's eastern border is located at a drainage divider, and the town area is within the drainage basin of Oulujärvi.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Toronto Transit Commission
The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the primary public transport agency in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operating the majority of the city's bus and rail services. It is the oldest and largest of the urban transit service providers in Canada, with numerous connections to systems serving its surrounding municipalities.

Established as the Toronto Transportation Commission in 1921, the TTC owns and operates five rapid transit lines with 109 stations, more than 150 bus routes, and nine streetcar lines. In 2025, the system had a total of 800,212,000 boardings. The TTC is the most heavily used urban transit system in Canada.

Public transportation in Toronto
Public transportation in the Canadian city of Toronto dates back to 1849 with the creation of a horse-drawn stagecoach company.  Today, Toronto's mass transit is primarily made up of a system of subways, buses, and streetcars, covering approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) of routes operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) and inter-regional commuter rail and bus service provided by GO Transit.
Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus
Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus (died before 216 BC) was a politician during the Roman Republic.  Born into the prominent patrician family of the Manlii Torquati, he had a distinguished career, becoming censor in 247 BC, then twice consul in 244 and 241 BC, and possibly princeps senatus in 220 BC.  Despite these prestigious magistracies, little is known about his life.  He was a commander who served during the First Punic War, and might have pushed for the continuation of the war even after Carthage had sued for peace following the Roman victory at the Aegate Islands in 241 BC.  The same year, he suppressed the revolt of the Faliscans in central Italy, for which he was awarded a triumph.  At this occasion, he may have introduced the cult of Juno Curitis at Rome.

Manlia gens
The gens Manlia (Mānlia) was one of the oldest and noblest patrician houses at Rome, from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times.  The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus, consul in 480 BC, and for nearly five centuries its members frequently held the most important magistracies.  Many of them were distinguished statesmen and generals, and a number of prominent individuals under the Empire claimed the illustrious Manlii among their ancestors.
Honda HA-420 HondaJet
The Honda HA-420 HondaJet is a light business jet produced by the Honda Aircraft Company of Greensboro, North Carolina, United States.

Original concepts of the aircraft started in 1997 and were completed in 1999.
It took its maiden flight on December 3, 2003, received its FAA type certificate in December 2015, and was first delivered that same month.

The six- or seven-seat aircraft has a composite fuselage and an aluminum wing, and is powered by two unusually mounted GE Honda HF120 turbofans, on pylons above the wing. It can cruise at 422 knots [kn] (782 km/h; 486 mph) and has a range of up to 1,547 nautical miles [nmi] (2,865 km; 1,780 mi).

The HondaJet has received several aeronautic design and innovation accolades.

Embraer Phenom 100
The Embraer EMB-500 Phenom 100 is a very light (VLJ) business jet designed and produced by the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer.
Announced in November 2005, it made its first flight on 26 July 2007 and was awarded a type certificate in December 2008; the first aircraft was delivered the same month. The Phenom 100 has been stretched into the larger Embraer Phenom 300.
Powered by two rear-mounted Pratt & Whitney Canada PW600 turbofans, it can transport four to seven passengers, with a range of 1,178 nautical miles [nmi] (2,182 km; 1,356 mi) with four occupants.
La Violencia
La Violencia (Spanish pronunciation: [la βjoˈlensja], The Violence) was a ten-year civil war in Colombia from 1948 to 1958, between the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party, mainly fought in the countryside.

La Violencia is considered to have begun with the assassination on 9 April 1948 of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, a Liberal Party presidential candidate and frontrunner for the 1949 November election. His murder provoked the Bogotazo rioting, which lasted ten hours and resulted in around 5,000 casualties. An alternative historiography proposes the Conservative Party's return to power following the election of 1946 to be the cause. Rural town police and political leaders encouraged Conservative-supporting peasants to seize the agricultural lands of Liberal-supporting peasants, which provoked peasant-to-peasant violence throughout Colombia.

La Violencia is estimated to have killed at least 200,000 people, almost 1 in 50 Colombians.

Bogotazo
El Bogotazo (from "Bogotá" and the -azo suffix of violent augmentation) was a massive outbreak of rioting after the assassination in Bogotá, Colombia of Liberal leader and presidential candidate Jorge Eliécer Gaitán on 9 April 1948 during the government of President Mariano Ospina Pérez. The 10-hour riot left much of downtown Bogotá destroyed.

The aftershock of Gaitan's murder continued extending through the countryside and escalated a period of violence which had begun eighteen years before, in 1930, and was triggered by the fall of the conservative party from government and the rise of the liberals. The 1946 presidential elections brought the downfall of the liberals, allowing conservative Mariano Ospina Pérez to win the presidency. The struggle for power between both again triggered a period in the history of Colombia known as La Violencia ("The Violence") that lasted until approximately 1958; the civil conflict that continues to this day originated from that event.
Mékinac (township)
The Mékinac Township is an area located in the municipality of Trois-Rives in the Mékinac Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Mauricie in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Mékinac Township is mostly a forest and agricultural land. Forestry has been the engine of the economy of the region. Today, this area is famous for tourist activities, the resort, hunting, fishing, water sports, ATVs, snowmobiles, excursions on foot in the forest and climbing some cliffs.

Mékinac Regional County Municipality
Mékinac (French: [mekinak]) is a regional county municipality (RCM) of 5,607 km2 located in the administrative region of Mauricie, along the Saint-Maurice River, which also crosses the RCM from one end to the other, and the Matawin River, a tributary of the Saint-Maurice. Located in the province of Quebec, Canada.

Established in January 1982, the Mékinac RCM is made up of 10 or 11 municipalities depending on the source, Saint-Tite is the most populous city, four unorganized territories occupying two-thirds of its surface area.
Eliza Hart Spalding
Eliza Hart Spalding (1807–1851) was an American missionary who joined an Oregon missionary party with her husband Henry H. Spalding and settled among the Nez Perce People called the nimiipuu in Lapwai, Idaho. She was a well-educated woman who was among the first missionaries to learn a Native American language. She developed a written version of the language and printed Bible story lessons and hymns in the Nez Perce language. Her hymnal was the first book written in the Nez Perce language. She taught hundreds of native people by first teaching a few people a lesson or a song, and after they memorized it, they taught it to groups to people.

Narcissa Whitman
Narcissa Prentiss Whitman (March 14, 1808 – November 29, 1847) was an American missionary in the Oregon Country of what would become the state of Washington. On their way to found the Protestant Whitman Mission in 1836 with her husband, Marcus, near modern-day Walla Walla, Washington, she and Eliza Hart Spalding (wife of Henry Spalding) became the first documented European-American women to cross the Rocky Mountains.
Trumpington bed burial
The Trumpington bed burial is an early Anglo-Saxon burial of a young woman, dating to the mid-7th century, that was excavated in Trumpington, Cambridgeshire, England in 2011. The burial is significant both as an example of a bed burial, and because of the ornate gold pectoral cross inlaid with garnets that was found in the grave.

The finds from the burial are displayed in the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Cambridge.

Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge
The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, also known as MAA, at the University of Cambridge houses the university's collections of local antiquities, together with archaeological and ethnographic artefacts from around the world. The museum is located on the university's Downing Site, on the corner of Downing Street and Tennis Court Road.   In 2013 it reopened following a major refurbishment of the exhibition galleries, with a new public entrance directly on to Downing Street.

The museum is part of the University of Cambridge Museums consortium.
Fürstenberg-Wolfach
Fürstenberg-Wolfach was a county in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany during the Middle Ages. It occupied a region surrounding Wolfach. It was created as a partition of the Principality of Fürstenberg in 1408. With the extinction of its line of the Fürstenbergers in 1490, it was inherited by the Counts of Fürstenberg-Baar.

House of Fürstenberg (Swabia)
The House of Fürstenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈfʏʁstn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; Fürstenhaus zu Fürstenberg) was an influential Swabian noble family in Germany, based primarily in what is today southern Baden-Württemberg near the source of the Danube river. Numerous members of the family have risen to prominence over the centuries as soldiers, churchmen, diplomats, and academics. Sometimes the name is transcribed as von Fürstenberg, gallicized as de Furstenberg or anglicized as Furstenberg.
Kuppenheim
Kuppenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈkʊpn̩ˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rastatt, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the river Murg, 5 km southeast of Rastatt, and 8 km north of Baden-Baden.

Murg (Northern Black Forest)
The Murg (German pronunciation: [mʊʁk] ⓘ) is an 80.2-kilometre-long river (including its headstream, the Rechtmurg) and tributary of the Rhine in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It flows through the Northern Black Forest into the Upper Rhine Plain, crossing the counties of Freudenstadt and Rastatt.
AGOVV
AGOVV (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌaːɣeːjoːveːˈveː]) is a Dutch football club based in Apeldoorn, Gelderland. Founded on 25 February 1913, the club competes in the Derde Klasse, the eighth tier of the Dutch football league system.

AGOVV played professional football between 1954 and 1971, and again from 2003 until 2013, when its professional branch was declared bankrupt and dissolved. During its time in the professional ranks, the club competed in the Eerste Divisie and was known for developing players such as Klaas-Jan Huntelaar.

The club's full name, Apeldoornse Geheel Onthouders Voetbalvereniging, reflects its origins as a teetotalers' sporting association. AGOVV plays its home matches at the Sportpark Berg & Bos and traditionally wears blue kits.

Sportpark Berg & Bos
The Sportpark Berg & Bos is a football complex located in the Dutch city Apeldoorn. It is the home port of AGOVV.

AGOVV has been playing at Sportpark Berg en Bos in the neighbourhood of the same name in the west of Apeldoorn since 1921. The sports park is located in a wooded area and is adjacent to Apenheul. The complex includes four football fields and a football stadium. In the early years there was not only football, the annual hippique concours also took place here. The sports park was named the most beautiful football complex in the Netherlands in 2021 by the football magazine Voetbal International.
Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba
María del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, 18th Duchess of Alba GE (28 March 1926 – 20 November 2014) was a Spanish aristocrat.

She was the third woman of the House of Alba to hold the Dukedom of Alba in her own right. Also, during her life, she was the most titled aristocrat in the world, as recognized by The Guinness Book of Records; she was grandee of Spain fourteen times and had around 50 noble titles. This record is now held by Princess Victoria of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 20th Duchess of Medinaceli.

Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba
Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Martínez de Irujo, 19th Duke of Alba, GE (né Martínez de Irujo y Fitz-James Stuart; born 2 October 1948), is a Spanish aristocrat. He is the head of the House of Alba, one of the most prominent families of the Spanish nobility.
Ordo Rachelis
The Ordo Rachelis (Play of Rachel), Interfectio Puerorum (Murder of the Children), or Ludus Innocentium (Play of the Innocents) is a medieval dramatic tradition consisting in four plays and based on the Massacre of the Innocents, an event recorded in the Gospel of Matthew, and on the prophecy recorded in the Book of Jeremiah: "A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping; Rahel weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not" (31:15, KJV). The prophecy, which Matthew believed to be fulfilled when Herod the Great ordered the slaughter of all boys under two in Bethlehem, looks backwards to Rachel, the matriarch of the Hebrews, and towards her lamentation over the death of her children, the Hebrew children, in the massacre.

The Ordo Rachelis plays were probably performed as part of the liturgy for Innocents Day (28 December).

Flight into Egypt
The flight into Egypt is a story recounted in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 2:13–23) and in New Testament apocrypha.  Soon after the visit by the Magi, an angel appeared to Joseph in a dream telling him to flee to Egypt with Mary and the infant Jesus since King Herod would seek the child to kill him. The episode is frequently shown in art, as the final episode of the Nativity of Jesus in art, and was a common component in cycles of the Life of the Virgin as well as the Life of Christ. Within the narrative tradition, iconic representation of the "Rest on the Flight into Egypt" developed after the 14th century.
North Riding Football League
The North Riding Football League is an English football league that was founded in 2017 by the merger of the former Teesside Football League and Eskvale & Cleveland League.

The league has three divisions – the Premier Division (which stands at level 11 of the English football league system), Division One and Women's Premier Division. The men's regional team won the 2017-18 FA Inter-League Cup, which qualified the team for the 2019 UEFA Regions' Cup.

As of August 2024, four clubs have been promoted from the league into the National League System, Redcar Town, Boro Rangers, Yarm & Eaglescliffe and Grangetown Boys Club

Yarm & Eaglescliffe F.C.
Yarm & Eaglescliffe Football Club is a football club based in Yarm, England. They are currently members of the Northern League Division Two and play at Bedford Terrace, Billingham, groundsharing with Billingham Town.
New class
New class is a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet-type state socialism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist party functionaries which arose in these states. Generally, the group known in the Soviet Union as the nomenklatura conforms to the theory of the new class. The term was earlier applied to other emerging strata of the society. Milovan Đilas' new-class theory was also used extensively by anti-communist commentators in the Western world in their criticism of the Communist states during the Cold War.

"Red bourgeoisie" is a pejorative synonym for the term new class, crafted by leftist critics and movements like the 1968 student demonstrations in Belgrade. New class is also used as a term in late 1960s post-industrial sociology.

Milovan Djilas
Milovan Djilas (/ˈdʒɪlɒs/; Serbian: Милован Ђилас, Milovan Đilas, pronounced [mîlɔʋan dʑîlaːs]; 12 June 1911 – 20 April 1995) was a Yugoslav communist politician, theorist and author. He was a key figure in the Partisan movement during World War II, as well as in the post-war government. A self-identified democratic socialist, Djilas became one of the best-known and most prominent dissidents in Yugoslavia and all of Eastern Europe.
South Bangka Regency
South Bangka Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bangka Selatan) is a regency (kabupaten) of Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia, with the town of Toboali as its regency seat. It also includes several small islands off the coast of Bangka in the Gaspar Strait, such as Lepar and Pongok. The regency covers an area of 3,607.08 km2 and had a population of 172,476 at the 2010 Census and 198,189 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 202,263.

Pongok Island
Pongok (Indonesian: Pulau Pongok; pronounced [ˌpulau̯ ˈpɔŋɔʔ]), also known as Liat, is an Indonesian island which is part of the Pongok Islands District of the South Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Province. It comprises over 95% of the district's area and most of its population, with an area of 48.3 square km. It is the 5th largest island in the province, being far smaller than Bangka and Belitung in addition to the islands of Lepar and Mendanau.

The smaller island of Celagen, off the western coast of the island, holds the remaining population of the district. Before its division in 2012, the island was part of the Lepar Pongok District.