hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pathans of Gujarat
Pathans of Gujarat are a group of Pashtuns, who are settled across the region of Gujarat in western India. They now form a distinct community of Hindi speaking Muslims. They mainly speak Hindi with many Pashto loanwords, while a few elders in the community may still speak Pashto. Common tribes include Ghilzai, Babi or Babai (Pashtun tribe),  Niazi, Bangash, Durrani, Yousafzai among others.

Babai (Pashtun tribe)
The Babai (Pashto: بابئی or باباې) is a Pashtun tribe also known as Babi. Their traditional primary homeland is Quetta, Qalat (located in Southern Afghanistan) and Kandahar. It expands across Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.

The tribe speaks the most archaic and soft dialect Pashto language, referred to as Kandahari Pashto dialect or the Southern Dialect.

Babai is one of the sons of Ghorghasht & related to Kakar & Ghorghashti Tribes in the hierarchy of Tribal Confederation.
Doug Hopkins
Douglas Owen Hopkins (April 11, 1961 – December 5, 1993) was an American musician and songwriter. He co-founded Gin Blossoms, a popular modern rock band of the early 1990s. He was the band's lead guitarist and principal songwriter. Hopkins' writing credits included the hits "Hey Jealousy" and "Found Out About You".

Due to his alcoholism, Hopkins was dismissed from Gin Blossoms just before the band broke into the mainstream. His dismissal was controversial, however, and it only worsened his alcoholism and mental health issues. Hopkins died by suicide in December 1993 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound at the age of 32.

Gin Blossoms
Gin Blossoms are an American rock band formed in 1987 in Tempe, Arizona. They rose to prominence following the 1992 release of their first major label album, New Miserable Experience, and the first single released from that album, "Hey Jealousy". "Hey Jealousy" became a Top 25 hit and went gold, and New Miserable Experience eventually went quadruple platinum; four other charting singles were released from the album. The band's follow-up album, Congratulations I'm Sorry (1996), went platinum, and the single "As Long as It Matters" was nominated for a Grammy Award. The band's other hits include "Found Out About You (1993), "Til I Hear It From You (1995), and "Follow You Down" (1996).

Gin Blossoms broke up in 1997. Since reuniting in 2001, the band has released Major Lodge Victory in 2006, No Chocolate Cake in 2010, and Mixed Reality in 2018.
Jang Town
Jang is a tourist destination, town and subdivision in Jang Valley in Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh state of India. It lies on NH-13 Trans-Arunachal Highway 40 km southwest of Tawang and north of Sela Tunnel/Sela Pass. As per the 2011 Census of India, Jang has a population of 5,480. Jang Hydal Plant, near the base of Nuranang Falls (Jang Falls), is a small hydel plant which generates electricity for local use.

Nuranang Falls
Nuranang Falls (also known as Jang Falls & Bong Bong Falls ), 100 m high waterfall, is located 2 km northeast of the Jang town on the motorable Jang Falls Road in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh state of India. Jang is 40 km southeast of Tawang, north of Sela Tunnel, and between Tawang and Bomdila on NH-13 Trans-Arunachal Highway. Jang Hydal Plant, near the base of fall, is a small hydel plant which generates electricity for local use.

The Nuranang river originates from the Northern slopes of the Sela Pass. Shortly after the waterfall it confluences with the Tawang river.  Nuranang river and Nuranang falls are named after a local Monpa girl named Nura (also spelled as "Noora") who had helped an Indian Army soldier, Rifleman Jaswant Singh Rawat, Maha Vir Chakra (posthumous) in the Battle of Nooranang during the 1962 Sino-Indian War and was later captured by the Chinese PLA forces.
Storage Management Initiative – Specification
The Storage Management Initiative Specification, commonly called SMI-S, is a computer data storage management standard developed and maintained by the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA). It has also been ratified as an ISO standard. SMI-S is based upon the Common Information Model and the Web-Based Enterprise Management standards defined by the Distributed Management Task Force, which define management functionality via HTTP. The most recent approved version of SMI-S is available on the SNIA website.

The main objective of SMI-S is to enable broad interoperable management of  heterogeneous storage vendor systems. The current version is SMI-S 1.8.0 Rev 5. Over 1,350 storage products are certified as conformant to SMI-S.

Common Information Model (computing)
The Common Information Model (CIM) is an open standard that defines how managed elements in an IT environment  are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them.

The Distributed Management Task Force maintains the CIM to allow consistent management of these managed elements, independent of their manufacturer or provider.
Side reins
Side reins are a type of rein used primarily when longeing a horse, running from the bit of the bridle to the saddle or surcingle.: 440 : 194  As a horse training tool, they encourage flexion and softness in the horse's mouth. For longe line work with a rider up who does not carry ordinary riding reins, they help calm and settle the animal. However, they are a tool best used by experienced handlers; used improperly they may unduly restrict the horse's movement or cause an accident.

Rein
Reins are used to direct a horse (or other animal) when riding or driving. They are attached to a bridle's bit or noseband and are made of leather, nylon, or other materials. Reins are used to give subtle commands or cues—also known as rein aids—to ask for a turn, a slower speed, a halt, or to go backwards.: 402 : 178
River Eden, Kent
The River Eden is a tributary of the River Medway in south east England. It rises at the foot of the North Downs escarpment near Titsey in Surrey and runs initially southwards through Oxted before turning eastwards to enter Kent. After flowing through Edenbridge and passing Hever Castle, the Eden meets the Medway at Penshurst.

The name 'Eden' is a back-formation from Edenbridge, (Eadhelmsbrigge (Eadhelm's Bridge) in Old English).

Titsey
Titsey is a rural village and a civil parish on the North Downs almost wholly within the M25 London Orbital Motorway in the Tandridge District of Surrey, England.

In local government it forms the south-western part of the ward Tatsfield and Titsey and in national statistics approximates to output area E00157289.  It has no railway stations however one is centred 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west, Oxted which also has the administrative centre of the district.  Approximately half of it land is owned by a charity running the Titsey Place estate, with the remainder being a mixture of common and privately owned woodland and smallholdings.
Bulk and Skull
Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier and Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch are fictional characters in the Power Rangers universe. They appeared as permanent characters from Mighty Morphin Power Rangers until Power Rangers in Space. Bulk was a recurring character in Power Rangers Lost Galaxy, along with Power Rangers Samurai and Power Rangers Super Samurai, but the duo never returned together as permanent characters. Bulk and Skull are portrayed by Paul Schrier and Jason Narvy respectively.

Rita Repulsa
Rita Repulsa is a character from the television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, and the principal nemesis of the superhero protagonists in the show's first season. She is portrayed in the first season by Machiko Soga (via Zyuranger footage as Witch Bandora) and by Carla Perez in the remaining seasons, while voiced by Barbara Goodson in the series. Soga reprised her role as Rita, now the Mystic Mother, while Susan Brady provided her voice in the TV series Power Rangers Mystic Force. In the films, she is portrayed by Julia Cortez in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie, and by Elizabeth Banks in the 2017 reboot film. Rita Repulsa is based on the Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger villain Witch Bandora.
Gong Hyo-jin
Gong Hyo-jin (Korean: 공효진; born April 4, 1980) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her leading role in the film Crush and Blush (2008), as well as for her popular television series Sang Doo! Let's Go to School (2003), Thank You (2007), Pasta (2010), The Greatest Love (2011), Master's Sun (2013), It's Okay, That's Love (2014), The Producers (2015), Don't Dare to Dream (2016), and When the Camellia Blooms (2019).

She is considered to be the queen of romantic comedies due to her successful portrayals in her rom-com dramas. In 2019, she was Gallup Korea's Television Actor of the Year.

Sang Doo! Let's Go to School
Sang-doo! Let's Go to School! (Korean: 상두야, 학교가자!; RR: Sangduya, hakgyogaja!) is a 2003 South Korean television series starring Rain, Gong Hyo-jin, Lee Dong-gun, Hong Soo-hyun and Song Min-joo. It aired on KBS2 from September 15 to November 4, 2003 Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:50 for 16 episodes.
Banda Islands
The Banda Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Banda) are a volcanic group of ten small islands in the Banda Sea, about 140 km (87 mi) south of Seram Island and about 2,000 km (1,243 mi) east of Java, and constitute an administrative district (kecamatan) within the Central Maluku Regency in the Indonesian province of Maluku. The islands rise out of 4-to-6-kilometre (2.5 to 3.7 mi) deep ocean and have a total land area of approximately 172 square kilometres (66 sq mi); with associated maritime area this reaches 736.3 square kilometres (284.3 sq mi). They had a population of 18,544 at the 2010 Census and 20,924 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 21,902. Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree. The islands are also popular destinations for scuba diving and snorkeling. The main town and administrative centre is Banda Neira, located on the island of the same name.

Kai Islands
The Kai Islands (also Kei Islands) of Indonesia are a group of islands in the southeastern part of the Maluku Islands, located in the province of Maluku. The Moluccas have been known as the Spice Islands due to regionally specific plants such as nutmeg, mace, and cloves that originally intrigued the European nations of the 16th century. The coastal zone of the islands are identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle.
KDA (DJ)
Kris Di Angelis (better known by his stage name KDA) is a house music producer and DJ from London. He is best known for his 2015 song "Rumble", which was first released on Ministry of Sound, but was subsequently reworked featuring vocals from Tinie Tempah and Katy B titled "Turn the Music Louder (Rumble)".

Turn the Music Louder (Rumble)
"Turn the Music Louder (Rumble)" is a song recorded by British DJ KDA. It is a re-working of his instrumental hit "Rumble" and it features vocals from rapper Tinie Tempah and singer Katy B. The song was released as a digital download on 16 October 2015 by Ministry of Sound. The song was written by Tempah and Katy B and produced by KDA. On 23 October 2015, the song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Tempah's seventh single to do so and KDA and Katy B's first. The song appeared on Katy B's third studio album Honey (2016), in a version without Tinie Tempah's vocals.
Mary Barnes (artist)
Mary Edith Barnes (9 February 1923 – 29 June 2001) was an English artist and writer with schizophrenia and became a successful painter. She is particularly known for  documenting her experience at R. D. Laing's experimental therapeutic community at Kingsley Hall, London.
She is referenced in the book The Psychopath Test by Jon Ronson and Thomas Szasz's Schizophrenia.

R. D. Laing
Ronald David Laing (7 October 1927 – 23 August 1989), usually cited as R. D. Laing, was a British psychiatrist who wrote extensively on mental illness, particularly psychosis and schizophrenia.

Laing's views on the causes and treatment of psychopathological phenomena were influenced by his study of existential philosophy and ran counter to the chemical and electroshock methods that had become psychiatric orthodoxy. Laing took the expressed feelings of the individual patient or client as valid descriptions of personal experience rather than simply as symptoms of mental illness. Though associated in the public mind with the anti-psychiatry movement, he rejected the label. Laing regarded schizophrenia as the normal psychological adjustment to a dysfunctional social context.

Politically, Laing was regarded as a thinker of the New Left. He has been theatrically portrayed by Mike Maran, Alan Cox, Billy Mack and by David Tennant in the 2017 film Mad to Be Normal.
Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral
Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral (Arabic: كاتدرائية القديس مرقس القبطية الأرثوذكسية) is a Coptic church located in the Abbassia District in Cairo, Egypt. The cathedral is the seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope. It was built during the time when Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria was Pope, and was consecrated on 25 June 1968.

The church is dedicated to St. Mark the Evangelist, an apostle of Jesus and founder of the Coptic Orthodox Church. Relics of his life are kept inside. It was, until 2019, (after the inauguration of the new Nativity Cathedral) the largest cathedral in Africa and the Middle East.

Mark the Evangelist
Mark the Evangelist (Koinē Greek: Μᾶρκος, romanized: Mârkos), also known as John Mark (Koinē Greek: Ἰωάννης Μᾶρκος, romanized: Iōánnēs Mârkos; Aramaic: ܝܘܚܢܢ, romanized: Yōḥannān) or Saint Mark, was a Libyan who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark. Most modern scholars agree that the gospel of Mark is anonymous, though the topic remains contentious among experts. Scholarship is inconclusive on authorship; some reject the attribution to Mark while others debate the identity of Mark. According to Church tradition, Mark founded the episcopal see of Alexandria, which was one of the five most important sees of early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.
Soviet passport
The USSR passport (Russian: Паспорт СССР) was an identity document and passport issued pursuant to the laws of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) for citizens of the USSR.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Soviet passports continued to be issued until 2000 in the Russian Federation, and in other post-Soviet states, until they were replaced with national passports gradually by 2001. All Soviet passports remain valid as an identity document in the Russian Federation to this date.

Soviet passports remained valid in Estonia until 1997, in Kazakhstan until 1999, in Latvia until 2000, in Tajikistan and Ukraine until 2002, in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan until 2003, in Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Abkhazia and South Ossetia until 2004, in Armenia, Artsakh and Azerbaijan until 2005, in Georgia and Lithuania until 2006, in Transnistria until 2010, and in Moldova until 2014.

Passport system in the Soviet Union
The passport system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was an organisational framework of the single national civil registration system based upon identification documents, and managed in accordance with the laws by ministries and other governmental bodies authorised by the Constitution of the USSR in the sphere of internal affairs.
Uneasy Rider
"Uneasy Rider" is a 1973 song written and performed by American singer and multi-instrumentalist Charlie Daniels.  It consists of a narrative spoken over a guitar melody, and is sometimes considered a novelty song.  It was released as a single and appeared on Daniels' album Honey in the Rock  which is also sometimes known as Uneasy Rider.

Charlie Daniels
Charles Edward Daniels (October 28, 1936 – July 6, 2020) was an American singer, musician and songwriter. His music fused rock, country, blues and jazz and was a pioneering contribution to Southern rock and progressive country. He was best known for his number-one country hit "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". Much of his output, including all but one of his eight Billboard Hot 100 charting singles, was credited to the Charlie Daniels Band.

Daniels was active as a singer and musician from the 1950s until his death in 2020. He was inducted into the Cheyenne Frontier Days Hall of Fame in 2002, the Grand Ole Opry in 2008, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2009 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2016.
John H. Secondari
John Hermes Secondari (November 1, 1919 – February 8, 1975) was an American author and television producer.

Secondari's 1952 novel Coins in the Fountain was made into the 1954 Academy Award-winning film Three Coins in the Fountain, and then in 1964, to his disappointment, remade as the Twentieth Century-Fox film The Pleasure Seekers. He went on to write plays for Playhouse 90 and was the founding Washington Bureau Chief and White House Correspondent for the ABC Television Network.  In 1963, he produced the Emmy-nominated and Peabody Award-winning ABC television series Saga of Western Man.

Saga of Western Man
Saga of Western Man is a historically themed anthology series television series that aired on ABC Television from 1963 to 1969. Each episode focused on a particular year, person, or incident that producer John H. Secondari felt significantly influenced the progress of Western civilization.
Morris Eight
The Morris Eight is a small family car produced by Morris Motors from 1935 to 1948. It was inspired by the sales popularity of the Ford Model Y, styling of which the Eight closely followed. The success of the car enabled Morris to regain its position as Britain's largest motor manufacturer.

Ford Model Y
The Ford Model Y is an automobile that was produced by Ford Britain, Ford SAF and Ford Germany from 1932 to 1937. It was the first Ford automobile specifically designed for markets outside the United States, replacing the Model A in Europe.
Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya
Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya (Arabic: شرح العقائد النسفية) is a commentary written by the Hanafi-Shafi'i scholar al-Taftazani (d. 791/1389 or 792/1390) on the creed of Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi's Al-Aqaid al-Nasafiyya, an authoritative compendium on Islamic Sunni theology that remained a standard textbook in Ottoman schools. The book is a commentary on al-Nasafi's treatise, in which al-Nasafi systematized Hanafi-Maturidi theology. However, al-Taftazani adopted an Ash'ari perspective in his commentary.

Al-Taftazani
Sa'ad al-Din Massud b. Fahruddin Omar b. Burhanaddin Abdullah al-Haravi al-Khorasani at-Taftazani ash-Shafi'i Persian: سعدالدین مسعودبن عمربن عبداللّه هروی خراسانی تفتازانی)also known as Al-Taftazani and Teftazani(1322–1390) was a Muslim Persian polymath. A sh'ari theologian and Shafi'i jurist.
Welwyn North railway station
Welwyn North railway station serves the villages of Digswell and Welwyn in Hertfordshire, England. The station is located 22 miles (35 km) north of London King's Cross, on the East Coast Main Line. Train services are currently provided by Great Northern.

Welwyn
Welwyn /ˈwɛlɪn/ ⓘ is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. The parish also includes the nearby villages and settlements of Digswell, Mardley Heath and Oaklands. The village is sometimes referred to as Old Welwyn or Welwyn Village, to distinguish it from the much newer and larger settlement of Welwyn Garden City, about a mile to the south.  Welwyn Garden City residents often refer to their town as Welwyn, causing them to call the village by the name of Old Welwyn to make a distinction.  Residents of the village usually refer to it as Welwyn, or sometimes Welwyn Village to make a distinction.
Creative Industries Federation
The Creative Industries Federation (2014-2021) was a national organisation for all the UK's creative industries, cultural education and arts. It advocated for the sector, aiming to ensure that the creative industries were central to political, economic and social decision-making.

Through this advocacy and by leveraging the combined influence of its 1,000+ members across all creative sectors, the Federation further sought to secure the investment required to retain the creative industries' position as the fastest growing sector of the UK economy, as of 2017 worth £91.8bn in Gross Value Added to the UK.

On 24 November 2021, Creative Industries Federation and Creative England combined forces under the newly formed Creative UK.

Creative UK
Creative UK, known as Creative England from 2010 to 2021, is a not-for-profit organisation that supports the creative industries in the United Kingdom. On 24 November 2021, Creative England and Creative Industries Federation combined forces as Creative UK, having previously worked together since 2019 under the Creative UK Group.
Jean-Antoine Houdon
Jean-Antoine, chevalier Houdon (French: [ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan udɔ̃]; 20 March 1741 – 15 July 1828) was a French neoclassical sculptor.

Houdon is famous for his portrait busts and statues of philosophers, inventors and political figures of the Enlightenment. Houdon's subjects included Denis Diderot (1771), Benjamin Franklin (1778-1809), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1778), Voltaire (1781), Molière (1781), George Washington (1785–1788), Thomas Jefferson (1789), Louis XVI (1790), Robert Fulton (1803–04), and Napoléon Bonaparte (1806).

Statue of George Washington (Houdon)
George Washington is a statue by the French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon from the late 18th century. Based on a life mask and other measurements of Founding Father and first American president George Washington taken by Houdon, it is considered one of the most accurate depictions of the subject. The original sculpture is located in the rotunda of the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia, and it has been copied extensively, with one copy standing in the United States Capitol rotunda.

The date given for the sculpture varies. It was commissioned by the Virginia General Assembly in 1784, begun in 1785, signed "1788", completed in 1791 or 1792, and delivered in 1796.
Tetramelas papillatus
Tetramelas papillatus is a species of crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It was first described in 1826 by the Norwegian botanist Søren Christian Sommerfelt from specimens collected in northern Norway. The lichen forms a white, granular crust with small wart-like bumps and tiny black fruiting bodies. It grows primarily on rocks among mosses in regions with arctic and alpine climates, with a bipolar distribution spanning both polar regions and high mountains. The species has been transferred between several genera over nearly two centuries before being reclassified in Tetramelas in 2004.

Tetramelas
Tetramelas is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is distinguished by its distinctive spores, which are divided into four compartments and turn brown as they mature, giving rise to the name Tetramelas from the Greek words for 'four' and 'dark'. These lichens typically form greyish crusts on rocks, bark, or other surfaces, with small black disc-shaped fruiting bodies that contain the characteristic four-chambered spores.