hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Female Artists of Mougins Museum
The Female Artists of Mougins Museum (FAMM) is a private art museum located in Mougins, Provence, France, near Cannes. Dedicated exclusively to female artists, it showcases a collection of over 100 artworks by approximately 80 artists from across the globe. The collection spans major artistic movements, from Impressionism to Contemporary art.

The museum was founded by Christian Levett at the former grounds of the Mougins Museum of Classical Art in June 2024.

Mougins Museum of Classical Art
The MACM, the Mougins Museum of Classical Art (Musée d’Art Classique de Mougins) was a private museum inaugurated in June 2011 in the village of Mougins in the Alpes-Maritimes department, France. In August 2023, the MACAM closed to make way for a new museum, the Female Artists of Mougins Museum (FAMM), which opened in June 2024.

The museum's director was Leisa Paoli.
Metamerism (biology)
In biology, metamerism is the phenomenon of having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in structure, though not all such structures are entirely alike in any single life form because some of them perform special functions. In animals, metameric segments are referred to as somites or metameres. In plants, they are referred to as metamers or, more concretely, phytomers.

Segmentation (biology)
Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda, Chordata, and Annelida. These three groups form segments by using a "growth zone" to direct and define the segments. While all three have a generally segmented body plan and use a growth zone, they use different mechanisms for generating this patterning. Even within these groups, different organisms have different mechanisms for segmenting the body. Segmentation of the body plan is important for allowing free movement and development of certain body parts. It also allows for regeneration in specific individuals.
Churchill, Somerset
Churchill is a village and civil parish in North Somerset, England. It lies on the western edge of the Mendip Hills, about 8 miles (12.9 km) east of Weston-super-Mare, and about 15 miles (24.1 km) south-west of Bristol. The parish, which includes the village of Lower Langford and the hamlet of Upper Langford, had a population of 2,250 in 2015.

Although relatively close to large urban centres, Churchill has the character of a small country village. The settlement is around the junction of the A38 and A368 and is overlooked by Dolebury Warren, a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI); Windmill Hill to the north; and the Mendip Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), to the south. Churchill, like many villages, grew around its medieval church, and has many listed buildings reflecting the history of the parish.

Lower Langford
Lower Langford is a village within the civil parishes of Churchill and Burrington in the unitary authority of North Somerset, England. It is located on the western edge of the Mendip Hills about 8 miles (13 kilometres) east of Weston-super-Mare. It was a village built around the estate of Sidney Hill who was the original inhabitant of the village. The estate is now the Bristol Veterinary School of the University of Bristol.
Charles Burney
Charles Burney FRS (7 April 1726 – 12 April 1814) was an English music historian, composer and musician. He was the father of the writers Frances Burney and Sarah Burney, of the explorer James Burney, and of Charles Burney, a classicist and book donor to the British Museum. He was a close friend and supporter of Joseph Haydn and other composers.

Sarah Burney
Sarah Harriet Burney (29 August 1772 – 8 February 1844) was an English novelist. She was the daughter of the musicologist and composer Charles Burney and half-sister of the novelist and diarist Frances Burney (Madame d'Arblay). She had some intermittent success with her novels.
Palmerston (cat)
Palmerston (2014 – 12 February 2026) was a black-and-white tuxedo cat who was the resident Chief Mouser of the UK's Foreign & Commonwealth Office. He held the role for four years, from 2016 until his retirement in 2020. He briefly came out of retirement in 2025, when he was taken to Bermuda with Andrew Murdoch, his owner since retirement, who had taken on the position of Governor of Bermuda.

Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office
Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office is the title of the official resident cat at 10 Downing Street, the residence and office of the prime minister of the United Kingdom in London. There has been a resident cat in the British government employed as a mouser and pet since the 16th century, although modern records date only to the 1920s. Despite other cats having served Downing Street, the first one to be given the official title of chief mouser by the British government was Larry in 2011. Other cats have been given this title affectionately, usually by the British press, and the cats are often portrayed in jest as being actual employees involved in the government's internal politics. In 2004, a study found that voters' perceptions of the chief mouser were not completely above partisanship.
Zambezi Zinger (2023)
Zambezi Zinger is a wooden roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Manufactured by Great Coasters International (GCI) and designed by Skyline Design, the hybrid coaster features a wooden track with a steel support structure, and it opened to the public on June 19, 2023. The ride is named after the original Zambezi Zinger (1973–1997), a popular steel coaster that opened with the park in 1973. The updated version shares a few similarities to the original and is the first new coaster at Worlds of Fun in more than a decade since the debut of Prowler in 2009.

Montaña Rusa (Parque del Café)
Montaña Rusa (English: Russian Mountain) was a steel roller coaster located at Parque del Café in Montenegro, Quindio, Colombia. Manufactured by Schwarzkopf Industries, the coaster originally opened as Zambezi Zinger in 1973 at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. It operated there until 1997 and was eventually moved to Parque del Café, where it reopened as Montaña Rusa in 1999 until its removal in 2025. The two-and-a-half minute ride featured a height of approximately 57 feet (17 m) and reached a maximum speed of 41 mph (66 km/h).
Earl of Stirling
Earl of Stirling was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created on 14 June 1633 for William Alexander, 1st Viscount of Stirling. He had already been created a Baronet, of Menstrie, Clackmannanshire in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 12 July 1625, then Lord Alexander of Tullibody and Viscount of Stirling on 4 September 1630, then Earl of Dovan in 1639. He was made Viscount of Canada at the same time that he was granted the earldom of Stirling. The other peerage titles were also in the Peerage of Scotland. The titles became dormant upon the death of the fifth Earl in 1739.

William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling
William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling PC (c. 1567 – 12 February 1640) was a Scottish courtier and poet who was involved in the Scottish colonisation of Charles Fort, later Port-Royal, Nova Scotia in 1629 and Long Island, New York. His literary works include Aurora (1604), The Monarchick Tragedies (1604) and Doomes-Day (1614, 1637).
Bott–Chern cohomology
In complex geometry in mathematics, Bott–Chern cohomology is a cohomology theory for complex manifolds. It serves as a bridge between de Rham cohomology, which is defined for real manifolds which in particular underlie complex manifolds, and Dobeault cohomology, which is its analogue for complex manifolds. A direct comparison between these cohomology theories through canonical maps is not possible, but Bott–Chern cohomology canonically maps into both. A similar cohomology theory, into which both map and which hence also serves as a bridge is Aeppli cohomology. Bott–Chern cohomology is named after Raoul Bott and Shiing-Chen Chern, who introduced it in 1965.

Aeppli cohomology
In complex geometry in mathematics, Aeppli cohomology is a cohomology theory for complex manifolds. It serves as a bridge between de Rham cohomology, which is defined for real manifolds which in particular underlie complex manifolds, and Dobeault cohomology, which is its analogue for complex manifolds. A direct comparison between these cohomology theories through canonical maps is not possible, but both canonically map into Aeppli cohomology. A similar cohomology theory, which maps into both and which hence also serves as a bridge is Bott–Chern cohomology. Aeppli cohomology is named after Alfred Aeppli, who introduced it in 1964.
Smoke Dawg
Jahvante Jahqwane Sheldon Smart ((1996-11-18)November 18, 1996 – (2018-06-30)June 30, 2018), known professionally as Smoke Dawg, was a Canadian rapper from Toronto, Ontario. He was a part of hip hop collective Halal Gang alongside Mustafa the Poet, Puffy L'z, Safe, and Mo-G who come together with the Prime Boys to make the supergroup Full Circle. His debut and only studio album Struggle Before Glory was released posthumously in 2018.

Safe (musician)
Saif Musaad (born 30 January 1997), professionally known as Safe (stylized as SAFE), is a singer, songwriter, and producer from Toronto, Ontario. He has collaborated with artists such as Playboi Carti, Khalid, and YG. In addition to releasing two studio albums, his song "Contagious" was featured on the Judas and the Black Messiah: The Inspired Album.
Riemann–Hurwitz formula
In mathematics, the Riemann–Hurwitz formula, named after Bernhard Riemann and Adolf Hurwitz, describes the relationship of the Euler characteristics of two surfaces when one is a ramified covering of the other. It therefore connects ramification with algebraic topology, in this case. It is a prototype result for many others, and is often applied in the theory of Riemann surfaces (which is its origin) and algebraic curves.

Ramification (mathematics)
In geometry, ramification is 'branching out', in the way that the square root function, for complex numbers, can be seen to have two branches differing in sign. The term is also used from the opposite perspective (branches coming together) as when a covering map degenerates at a point of a space, with some collapsing of the fibers of the mapping.
Peter Bruff
Peter Schuyler Bruff (23 July 1812 – 24 February 1900) was an English civil engineer and land developer 
remembered primarily for his part in establishing the East Anglian railway networks between the 1840s and 1860s. His contribution to the region's infrastructure and development extended far beyond the railways, however, and included the renovation of the Colchester water supply (1851-1880) and the Ipswich sewerage system (completed 1881), the development of the town of Harwich and the Essex resorts of Walton-on-the-Naze and Clacton on Sea (which he built up from an empty piece of farmland into a flourishing seaside town), and (not least) the late Victorian revival of the Coalport porcelain factory in Shropshire, which he purchased in 1880.

Clacton-on-Sea
Clacton-on-Sea, often simply called Clacton,  is a coastal town in the county of Essex, on the east coast of England. It is located on the Tendring Peninsula and is the largest settlement in the Tendring District, with a population of 53,200 (2021). The town is situated around 77 miles (124 kilometres) northeast of London, 16 mi (26 km) southeast of Colchester and 16 mi (26 km) south of Harwich.

The area was historically in the parish of Great Clacton. The development of the seaside resort began in the 1870s and was called Clacton-on-Sea to distinguish it from the older village about 1 mile (1.6 km) inland. Great Clacton and Clacton-on-Sea were always administered together, forming a single urban district called Clacton between 1895 and 1974. The two settlements gradually merged into a single urban area during the twentieth century.

It lies within the United Kingdom Parliament constituency of Clacton.
Donald Yacovone
Donald Yacovone (born February 25, 1952) is an American researcher, writer and academic who primarily specializes in African American History. In 2013, he co-authored with Henry Louis Gates Jr the book based on the PBS television series The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross.

Henry Louis Gates Jr.
Henry Louis Gates Jr. (born September 16, 1950), popularly known by his childhood nickname "Skip", is an American literary critic, professor, historian, and filmmaker who serves as the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and the director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. He is a trustee of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. He rediscovered the earliest known African-American novels and has published extensively on the recognition of African-American literature as part of the Western canon.

In addition to producing and hosting previous series on the history and genealogy of prominent American figures, since 2012, Gates has been host of the television series Finding Your Roots on PBS. The series combines the work of expert researchers in genealogy, history, and historical research in genetics to tell guests about the lives and histories of their ancestors.
Catmull–Rom spline
Catmull–Rom spline is a special case of a cardinal spline. This assumes uniform parameter spacing.
For tangents chosen to be

in the definition formula of cubic Hermite spline:

the following formula for the Catmull–Rom spline is obtained:

The curve is named after Edwin Catmull and Raphael Rom. The principal advantage of this technique is that the points along the original set of points also make up the control points for the spline curve.

Two additional points are required on either end of the curve. The uniform Catmull–Rom implementation can produce loops and self-intersections. The chordal and centripetal Catmull–Rom implementations solve this problem, but use a slightly different calculation. In computer graphics, Catmull–Rom splines are a common way to create smooth movement between key moments. For example, they’re often used to turn a series of camera keyframes into a fluid camera path.

Centripetal Catmull–Rom spline
In computer graphics, the centripetal Catmull–Rom spline is a variant form of the Catmull–Rom spline, originally formulated by Edwin Catmull and Raphael Rom, which can be evaluated using a recursive algorithm proposed by Barry and Goldman. It is a type of interpolating spline (a curve that goes through its control points) defined by four control points , with the curve drawn only from  to .
Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat
Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat was a British colony in the West Indies from 1816 to 1833, established following the dissolution of the British Leeward Islands. During its existence, the hold of slavery over the islands began to wane, culminating in mass riots in 1831 that resulted in improved rights for much of the population and the reunification of the British Leeward Islands.

British Leeward Islands
The British Leeward Islands was a British colony from 1671 to 1958, consisting of the English (later British) overseas possessions in the Leeward Islands. It ceased to exist from 1816 to 1833, during which time it was split into two separate colonies (Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat and Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla–Virgin Islands). It was dissolved in 1958 after the separation of the British Virgin Islands, and the remaining islands became parts of the West Indies Federation.
Vaucluse (plantation)
Vaucluse was a villa in Fairfax County, Virginia. Located three miles (5 km) from Alexandria and 10 miles (16 km) from Washington, D.C., on a hill near the Virginia Theological Seminary. It was owned first by Dr. James Craik, and later by the Fairfax family, the first being Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron.

Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron
Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1762 – April 21, 1846) was an American planter. Along with his father, on 11 December 1799, he was among the last guests at Mount Vernon before George Washington died.
African Distinguished Conduct Medal
The African Distinguished Conduct Medal was a military decoration awarded to native soldiers of the Royal West African Frontier Force and the King's African Rifles for gallantry in action. Sometimes known as the Royal West African Frontier Force Distinguished Conduct Medal or King's African Rifles Distinguished Conduct Medal, it could also be awarded to the Somaliland Camel Corps and the Nyasaland Regiment.

The medal was awarded until 1942 when it was replaced by the Imperial Distinguished Conduct Medal.

Distinguished Conduct Medal
The Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) was a British military decoration instituted in 1854 by Queen Victoria to recognise gallantry in the field by other ranks of the British Army. It was the oldest British award for gallantry and served as the second highest military decoration for bravery, ranking just below the Victoria Cross. The medal remained in use until 1993, when it was discontinued and succeeded by the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross. In addition to British personnel, the medal was also awarded to non-commissioned members of the armed forces from other Commonwealth Dominions and Colonies.
Iphigenia in Tauris
Iphigenia in Tauris (Ancient Greek: Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Ταύροις, Iphigeneia en Taurois) is a drama by the playwright Euripides, written between 414 BC and 412 BC. It has much in common with another of Euripides's plays, Helen, as well as the lost play Andromeda, and is often described as a romance, a melodrama, a tragi-comedy or an escape play.

Although the play is generally known in English as Iphigenia in Tauris, this is, strictly speaking, the Latin title of the play (corresponding to the Greek Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Ταύροις), the meaning of which is Iphigenia among the Taurians. There is no such place as "Tauris" in Euripides' play, although Goethe, in his play Iphigenie auf Tauris ironically utilising this translation error, posits such a place. The name refers to the Crimean Peninsula (ancient Taurikḗ).

Helen (play)
Helen (Ancient Greek: Ἑλένη, Helénē) is a drama by Euripides about Helen, first produced in 412 BC for the Dionysia in a trilogy that also contained Euripides' lost Andromeda.  The play has much in common with Iphigenia in Tauris, which is believed to have been performed around the same time period.
Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé
Louis Philippe Marie Léopold d'Orléans (15 November 1845 – 24 May 1866) was a member of the House of Orléans and held the title of Prince of Condé. He was the first member of a royal house to visit the Australian continent where he died in 1866.

Princes of Condé
The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé (pronounced [buʁbɔ̃ kɔ̃de]), named after Condé-en-Brie (now in the Aisne département), was a French princely house and a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. The name of the house was derived from the title of Prince of Condé (French: prince de Condé) that was originally assumed around 1557 by the French Protestant leader Louis de Bourbon (1530–1569), uncle of King Henry IV of France, and borne by his male-line descendants.

This line became extinct in 1830 when his eighth-generation descendant, Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, died without surviving male issue. The princely title was held for one last time by Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé, who died in 1866.
International Community Radio Taipei
International Community Radio Taipei (ICRT; Chinese: 台北國際社區廣播電台; pinyin: Táiběi Guójì Shèqū Guǎngbō Diàntái) is Taiwan's only English-language radio station and first radio station in Taiwan that caters to foreigners. Prior to 1979, the station served the U.S. military personnel in Taiwan as the Armed Forces Network Taiwan (AFNT).  When the United States broke diplomatic ties with the Republic of China in 1979, the American business community, with the help of the ROC government, reorganized the station into ICRT.

American Forces Network
The American Forces Network (AFN) is a government television and radio broadcast service the United States Armed Forces provides to soldiers stationed or assigned overseas, and is headquartered at Fort Meade in Maryland. AFN comprises two subordinate overseas commands and one directorate in the continental United States. Overseas, AFN Europe is headquartered at Sembach Kaserne in Germany and consists of 15 subordinate stations in the countries of Bahrain, Belgium, Cuba, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Turkey. AFN Pacific is headquartered at Yokota Air Base in Japan and consists of nine stations in Diego Garcia, Japan, and South Korea. Stations under AFN Europe and AFN Pacific broadcast live local radio shows Monday through Friday, with the exception of U.S. federal holidays. Stateside, AFN's broadcast operations, which include global radio and television satellite feeds, emanate from the AFN Broadcast Center at March Air Reserve Base in Riverside, California.
Pkhovi
Pkhovi (Georgian: ფხოვი), also known as Pkhoeti (ფხოეთი), is a medieval term for the mountainous district in northeast Georgia comprising the latter-day provinces of Pshavi and Khevsureti along the upper reaches of the Aragvi, and in three alpine valleys just north of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus. Today it is territory of  Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti region.

Pshavi
Pshavi (Georgian: ფშავი) is a small historic region of northern Georgia, nowadays part of the Mtskheta-Mtianeti mkhare ("region"), and lying chiefly among the southern foothills of the Greater Caucasus mountains along the Pshavis Aragvi River and the upper reaches of the Iori River in the neighbouring region of Tianeti to the south-east.
Earl of Rothes
Earl of Rothes (pronounced "Roth-es") is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, first created in 1458 for George Leslie, 1st Lord Leslie. The heir apparent to the earldom uses the courtesy title Lord Leslie. The Earls of Rothes are the hereditary chiefs of Clan Leslie, with their family seat at Littlecroft, near West Milton, Dorset.

George Leslie, 1st Earl of Rothes
George Leslie, 1st Earl of Rothes (c. 1406/1417 – 1490) was a Scottish nobleman and the first to hold the title of "Earl of Rothes", a hereditary title of the ruler of Leslie, Fife and the lands belonging to the Earl of Rothes.
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Structured Reality or Competition Program
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Structured Reality or Competition Program is awarded to one program each year. This category and Outstanding Picture Editing for an Unstructured Reality Program were created in 2016, replacing Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming. Prior to 2006, reality programs competed alongside nonfiction programs in Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program.

In the following list, the first titles listed in gold are the winners; those not in gold are nominees, which are listed in alphabetical order. The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place:

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program
The Primetime Emmy Award for Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program is awarded to one television documentary or nonfiction series each year.

Prior to 2006, nonfiction and reality programs competed together until the Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming category was created.

In the following list, the first titles listed in gold are the winners; those not in gold are nominees, which are listed in alphabetical order. The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place.