hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Petr Nesterov
Petr Nesterov (Bulgarian: Пьотр Нестеров, romanized: Pyotr Nesterov, born 7 March 2003) is a Bulgarian tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 384 achieved on 28 October 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 260 achieved on 4 November 2024. 
Nesterov reached the final of the 2021 US Open Junior doubles with Ukrainian Viacheslav Bielinskyi.

2021 US Open – Boys' doubles
Eliot Spizzirri and Tyler Zink were the defending champions, having won the previous edition in 2019, however both players were no longer eligible to participate in junior events. Spizzirri and Zink received a wildcard in the men's doubles event, where they lost in the first round.

Max Westphal and Coleman Wong won the title, defeating Viacheslav Bielinskyi and Petr Nesterov in the final, 6–3, 5–7, [10–1].
A590 road
The A590 is a trunk road in southern Cumbria, in the north-west of England. It runs north-east to south-west from M6 junction 36, through the towns of Ulverston and Barrow-in-Furness to terminate at Biggar Bank on Walney Island. The road is a mixture of dual carriageway and single carriageway, with the section east of Low Newton, Cumbria to the M6 being mainly dual. Further dual sections are south of Newby Bridge, south of Greenodd and south of Ulverston. The road is the main route for tourists entering the southern Lake District. It has often humorously been described as "the longest cul-de-sac in the world".

Low Newton, Cumbria
Low Newton (originally Nether Newton) is a hamlet in the Westmorland and Furness Unitary Authority, in the county of Cumbria, England and in the Lake District also commonly known as The Lakes. It was on the A590 road until along with its neighbour High Newton a bypass was built, opening on Tuesday 8 April 2008.

Nearby settlements include the town of Grange-over-Sands, the villages of Lindale, High Newton, Cartmel and Newby Bridge and the hamlets of Barber Green, Ayside and High Hampsfield.

The hamlet contains two Grade: II Listed Buildings, probably from the 18th Century, Fell Cottage and East View (see English Heritage).

There is one Bed & Breakfast, Ellenboro House B&B, situated in a traditional 19th Century Lake District house.

Yew Tree Barn houses architectural & interior antiques, whilst The Gallery has high quality art and design-led crafts, gifts and interiors, along with artisan studios.

Blackheath Moss Beck runs through the hamlet, starting south of High Newton.
Dil Toh Happy Hai Ji
Dil Toh Happy Hai Ji is an Indian drama television series created by Gul Khan under 4 Lions Films and available on Disney+ Hotstar. The series aired from 15 January to 9 August 2019 on StarPlus and starred Jasmin Bhasin, Donal Bisht, Ansh Bagri and Rohit Purohit.

Jasmin Bhasin
Jasmin Bhasin (born 28 June 1990) is an Indian actress who works in Hindi television along with Punjabi films. She made her acting debut in 2011 with Tamil film Vaanam. She is best known for playing Twinkle Taneja in Tashan-e-Ishq (2015–16) and Teni Bhanushali in Dil Se Dil Tak (2017–18). Bhasin also participated in reality shows like Khatron Ke Khiladi 9, Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India  and Bigg Boss 14. Her other notable works include portraying as Happy Saluja in Dil Toh Happy Hai Ji and Nayantara in Naagin 4: Bhagya Ka Zehreela Khel. Bhasin made her Punjabi film debut with Honeymoon (2022).
Richard Hatch (Survivor contestant)
Richard Holman Hatch Jr. (born April 8, 1961) is an American reality television contestant. In 2000, he became the first Survivor winner (Borneo) in its debut season, originally broadcast on CBS. He subsequently competed in All-Stars season of Survivor, the fourth celebrity edition of Celebrity Apprentice, season 17 of The Biggest Loser, and season 2 of House of Villains. He was convicted with three counts related to attempted tax evasion and fraudulent tax return in January 2006. He served fifty-one months in prison and then, after failing to amend his 2000 and 2001 tax returns, an additional nine months in prison.

The Biggest Loser season 17
The Biggest Loser: Temptation Nation is the 17th season of The Biggest Loser which premiered January 4, 2016, on NBC.  Dolvett Quince and Jennifer Widerstrom returned as trainers, while former trainer Bob Harper takes over Alison Sweeney as host.  The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Roberto Hernandez, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.

The cast was announced on December 1 and includes  Survivor: Borneo winner Richard Hatch and The Voice season two semi-finalist Erin Willett.

This season's theme is temptation and indulgences, including not just food but money, electronics and shopping.
Simon Barrett (filmmaker)
Simon Barrett (born 1978) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter, and director known for his collaborations with Adam Wingard, including A Horrible Way to Die, V/H/S, V/H/S/2, You're Next, and The Guest. His feature directorial debut, Seance, was released in 2021.

Adam Wingard
Adam Wingard (/ˈwɪŋɡɑːrd/ WING-gard; born December 3, 1982) is an American filmmaker. He has served as a film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, cinematographer, actor, and composer on numerous American films.

Following an early career as a member of the mumblecore movement, he became notable for his works in the horror and action genres, especially the films You're Next (2011), and The Guest (2014), and the bigger-budget franchise films Blair Witch (2016), Death Note (2017), Godzilla vs. Kong (2021), and its sequel Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire (2024).
Everett's scops owl
Everett's scops owl (Otus everetti) is an owl, endemic to the Philippines, belonging to the family of the typical owls Strigidae.  They are found on Bohol, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Mindanao and Basilan. This species is part of the Philippine scops owl species complex which includes the Negros scops owl.

Mindanao scops owl
The Mindanao scops owl or Mindanao highland scops owl (Otus mirus) is an owl endemic to Mindanao island in the Philippines. It is found in tropical montane forest above 1,000 meters above sea level. It is threatened by habitat destruction and deforestation.

It is one of the three montane scops owl along with the Luzon scops owl and Mindoro scops owl.
Seneca Rocks
Seneca Rocks is a large crag and local landmark in Pendleton County in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia, United States. The south peak is the only peak inaccessible except by technical rock climbing techniques on the East Coast of the United States. One of the best-known scenic attractions in West Virginia, the sheer rock faces are a popular challenge for rock climbers.

Seneca Rocks is easily visible from and accessible by way of West Virginia Route 28, West Virginia Route 55 and U.S. Route 33 in the Spruce Knob–Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area of the Monongahela National Forest. The three highways converge in the hamlet of Seneca Rocks, which is named for the cliffs nearby.

Nelson Rocks
Nelson Rocks is a large privately owned rock formation located in the North Fork Valley of Pendleton County, West Virginia, United States. The area is operated under the name of NROCKS Outdoor Adventures, and was previously known as Nelson Rocks Outdoor Center (NROC).
Optics (Ptolemy)
Ptolemy's Optics is a 2nd-century book on geometrical optics, dealing with reflection, refraction, and colour. The book was most likely written late in Ptolemy's life, after the Almagest, during the 160s. The work is of great importance in the early history of optics. The Greek text has been lost completely. Fragments of the work survive only in the form of a Latin translation, prepared around 1154 by Eugene of Palermo, based on an Arabic translation which was presumably based on the Greek original. Both the Arabic and the Greek texts are lost entirely, and the Latin text is "badly mangled". The Latin text was edited by Albert Lejeune in 1956. The 1996 English translation by Mark Smith is based on Lejeune's Latin text.

History of optics
Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term τα ὀπτικά meaning 'appearance, look'. Optics was significantly reformed by the developments in the medieval Islamic world, such as the beginnings of physical and physiological optics, and then significantly advanced in early modern Europe, where diffractive optics began. These earlier studies on optics are now known as "classical optics". The term "modern optics" refers to areas of optical research that largely developed in the 20th century, such as wave optics and quantum optics.
Ya Boy
William Joseph Crawford (born January 28, 1984), known by his stage name Ya Boy (also known as Rich Rocka), is an American rapper from Fillmore District, California. He is best known for his 2011 single "Lock Down" (with DJ Drama featuring Akon). The year prior, he signed with the latter's record label, Konvict Muzik, having first signed with San Quinn's Done Deal Entertainment to release his debut studio album, Rookie of the Year (2005). The following year, he signed with the Game's Black Wall Street Records, and later Mack 10's Hoo-Bangin' Records in 2009, although he released no albums with both labels.

Konvict Kulture
Konvict Kulture is a record label founded by singer Akon, Melvin Brown and Bu Thiam in 2003 under the name Konvict Muzik. Artists including T-Pain, Kat DeLuna, Mali Music, Red Café, Dolla, Ya Boy, and Costa Titch have signed to and released singles or albums by the label. Heard at the beginning of many of the label's recordings, besides Akon's own production or songwriting contribution, is the sound of the clank of a jail cell, followed by Akon uttering "Konvict". In 2022, the label was rebranded into Konvict Kulture. By 2011, Fotemah Mba was appointed  Vice President of A&R for the label.

The label operated with another label founded by Akon in 2006, KonLive Distribution, whose flagship artist was Lady Gaga. KonLive was an imprint of Interscope Records, while Konvict Muzik was an imprint of Akon's label, Universal Motown Records, prior to the launching of KonLive. In 2011, Akon signed Nigerian artists P-Square, Tuface, and Wizkid as representatives of the label in Africa.
Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (born 1894)
Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, KCMG, KCIE, KStJ (10 October 1894 – 2 November 1961) was the ruler of Bahrain from the death of his father Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa on 20 February 1942 until his own death in 1961. His title was Hakim of Bahrain. He was succeeded by his son Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa in December 1961.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Eric V of Denmark
Eric V Klipping (1249 – 22 November 1286) was King of Denmark from 1259 to 1286. After his father Christopher I died, his mother Margaret Sambiria ruled Denmark in his name until 1266, proving to be a competent regent. Between 1261 and 1262, the young King Eric was a prisoner in Holstein following a military defeat. Afterwards, he lived in Brandenburg, where he was initially held captive by John I, Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1213–1266). During his reign, he enforced his power successfully over the church but failed to do so on the nobility, he offended the nobles and was thereby forced to accept a charter (Håndfæstning) which limited his authority while confirming the rights of the nobles.

Eric VI of Denmark
Eric VI Menved (1274 – 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286–1319). A son of King Eric V and Agnes of Brandenburg, he became king in 1286 at age 12, when his father was murdered on 22 November by unknown assailants. On account of his age, his mother ruled for him until 1294.
Gibraltar Cross of Sacrifice
The Gibraltar Cross of Sacrifice is a war memorial in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located west of North Front Cemetery, at the junction of Winston Churchill Avenue and Devil's Tower Road. The Cross of Sacrifice was designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield in 1917, and his monument is found in numerous Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries. The cross in Gibraltar was erected by the Royal Engineers for the commission, and unveiled on Armistice Day 1922. The British Pathé film recorded at the dedication ceremony that day represents the first motion picture made in Gibraltar. The Gibraltar Cross of Sacrifice served as the focus of Remembrance Sunday ceremonies in Gibraltar until 2009, at which time the location was changed to the Gibraltar War Memorial.

North Front Cemetery
The North Front Cemetery is a cemetery located in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Also known as the Gibraltar Cemetery and the Garrison Cemetery, it is the only graveyard still in use in Gibraltar. It is also the only Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) cemetery in Gibraltar. The two CWGC monuments, the Gibraltar Memorial and the Gibraltar Cross of Sacrifice, are positioned nearby at the junction of Winston Churchill Avenue and Devil's Tower Road.
Thomas Jefferson (Bitter)
Thomas Jefferson is a 1911 bronze statue of a seated Thomas Jefferson created by Karl Bitter for the Cuyahoga County Courthouse in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.

A 1913 marble version, approximately 50 percent larger than the Cleveland statue, is installed at the Missouri History Museum in St. Louis. 
Bronze replicas of the Cleveland statue were installed at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville in 1915, and at Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon in 1916. A plaster replica was donated to Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, New York City in 1929.

Cuyahoga County Courthouse
The Cuyahoga County Courthouse is a Beaux Arts style building that stretches along Lakeside Avenue at the north end of the Cleveland Mall in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. Completed in 1912 as the fifth courthouse in Cuyahoga County, it was constructed by the architectural firm of Lehman & Schmitt as a part of the Cleveland Group Plan of 1903. The building was listed on the National Register, along with the mall district, in 1975.
Anthony Bailey (PR advisor)
Anthony John James Bailey GCSS GCHS  (born 13 January 1970) is a British-born Irish public relations consultant.

Bailey was active in UK political circles in the early 2000s and has also had roles with various charities and Catholic organisations. He has received and been stripped of various honours, including an Order of the British Empire (OBE) awarded in the 2008 Birthday Honours, which was revoked in 2023 after a London High Court judge sentenced him to prison for contempt of court in a 2022 divorce settlement hearing.

Order of St. Sylvester
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of Saint Sylvester (Latin: Ordo Sancti Silvestri Papae, Italian: Ordine di San Silvestro Papa), sometimes referred to as the Sylvestrine Order, or the Pontifical Order of Pope Saint Sylvester, is one of five orders of knighthood awarded directly by the Pope as Supreme Pontiff and head of the Catholic Church and as the Head of State of Vatican City. It is intended to honour Catholic laypeople who are actively involved in the life of the Church, particularly as it is exemplified in the exercise of their professional duties and mastership of the different arts. The order has been bestowed upon members of other Christian denominations as well, in addition to those of other religions.
Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia
Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia (SS 1) is an Italian state highway 697.3 kilometres (433.3 mi) long in Italy located in the regions of Lazio, Tuscany and Liguria. It is one of the most important state highways in Italy and derives from an ancient Roman consular road, the Via Aurelia. It connects Rome with France following the coast of Tyrrhenian Sea and Ligurian Sea and touching nine provincial capitals as well as important tourist locations. It constitutes a section of the European route E80 from Tarquinia to Rosignano Marittimo.

Via Aurelia
The Via Aurelia (lit. 'Aurelian Way') is a Roman road in Italy constructed in approximately 241 BC. The project was undertaken by Gaius Aurelius Cotta, who at that time was censor. Cotta had a history of building roads for Rome, as he had overseen the construction of a military road in Sicily (as consul in 252 BC, during the First Punic War) connecting Agrigentum (modern Agrigento) and Panormus (modern Palermo).
Laurell K. Hamilton
Laurell Kaye Hamilton (born February 19, 1963) is an American fantasy and romance writer, who is best known as the author of two series of stories.

Her New York Times-bestselling Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter series centers on Anita Blake, a professional zombie raiser, vampire executioner and supernatural consultant for the police, which includes novels, short story collections, and comic books. Six million copies of Anita Blake novels are in print. Her Merry Gentry series centers on Meredith Gentry, Princess of the Unseelie court of Faerie, a private detective facing repeated assassination attempts. Both of these fantasy series follow their protagonists as they gain in power and deal with the dangers of worlds in which creatures of legend live.

Several media outlets, including USA Today, Entertainment Weekly, and Time have identified her works as significant contributions to the development of the urban-fantasy genre.

Merry Gentry
Meredith "Merry" Gentry is the protagonist of an eponymous fantasy series by US writer Laurell K. Hamilton, best known for her other fantasy series Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter. The series comprises nine novels and was written between 2000 when the series began with "A Kiss of Shadows" and the final book, "A Shiver of Light", published in June 3, 2014.
Somaly Mam
Somaly Mam (Khmer: ម៉ម សុម៉ាលី [mɑːm somaːliː]; born 1970/71) is a Cambodian anti-trafficking advocate who focuses primarily on sex trafficking.  From 1996 to 2014, Mam was involved in campaigns against sex trafficking.  She set up the Somaly Mam Foundation, raised money, appeared on major television programs, and spoke at many international events.

After allegations of lying had appeared in The Cambodia Daily in 2012 and 2013, Newsweek ran a cover-story in May 2014 claiming that Mam had fabricated stories of abuse about herself and others. After the Somaly Mam Foundation undertook its own investigation through Goodwin Procter, a Boston-based law firm, she resigned from her position and the foundation shut down in October 2014. She moved back to live in Cambodia before returning to the US later that year to begin new fundraising activities.

The Cambodia Daily
The Cambodia Daily is a US-based English and Khmer language news site that evolved from a newspaper of the same name that stopped publishing in Cambodia in 2017 due to a tax dispute with the government then led by Hun Sen.

The Cambodia Daily started as an English-language daily newspaper that operated out of Phnom Penh, Cambodia from 1993 to 2017, and was considered a newspaper of record for Cambodia.

The 2017 closure was the result of a dispute with the Cambodian government over a US$6.3 million tax bill, which the newspaper disputed as politically motivated. The newspaper ceased its daily print newspaper, but still maintains an online presence.

In 2017, the Cambodian government ordered Internet service providers (ISPs) to block The Cambodia Daily's website from within Cambodia.
Iowa Highway 15
Iowa Highway 15 (Iowa 15) is a north–south state highway in northern Iowa.  It is 63+1⁄2 miles (102.2 km) long.  The southern end of Iowa 15 is 7 miles (11 km) east of Pocahontas at an intersection with Iowa Highway 3.  The northern end is at the Minnesota border, where the highway continues north as Minnesota State Highway 15 near Fairmont, Minnesota.  Prior to 1969, the route was known as Iowa Highway 44; it was renumbered to match the highway in Minnesota.

Iowa Highway 3
Iowa Highway 3 (Iowa 3) is a state highway that runs from east to west across the state of Iowa.  It is the longest state highway in Iowa, at 323 miles (520 km) long.  Iowa 3 begins at the South Dakota state line where it continues as South Dakota Highway 50 and ends at the Northwest Arterial at the Dubuque city limits.  It is designated the American Veterans Memorial Highway for its entirety.  It is located approximately halfway between Interstate 80 and Interstate 90.
The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla
The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla is a dark fantasy novel by American writer Stephen King. It is the fifth book in his The Dark Tower series.  The book continues the story of Roland Deschain, Eddie Dean, Susannah Dean, Jake Chambers, and Oy as they make their way toward the Dark Tower. The subtitle of this novel is Resistance. Prior to the novel's publication, two excerpts were published: "Calla Bryn Sturgis" was published in 2001 on Stephen King's official site, and "The Tale of Gray Dick" was published in 2003 in McSweeney's Mammoth Treasury of Thrilling Tales. Both excerpts were incorporated in revised form into the full version of the 2003 novel. Wolves of the Calla was nominated for the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 2004.

The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands
The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands: Redemption, commonly known simply as The Waste Lands, is a dark fantasy novel by American writer Stephen King. It is the third book of the Dark Tower series. The original limited edition hardcover featuring full-color illustrations by Ned Dameron was published in 1991 by Grant. The book was reissued in 2003 to coincide with the publication of The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla. The book derives its title from the T. S. Eliot 1922 poem The Waste Land, several lines of which are reprinted in the opening pages. In addition, the two main sections of the book ("Jake: Fear in a Handful of Dust" and "Lud: A Heap of Broken Images") are named after lines in the poem. The Waste Lands was nominated for the 1991 Bram Stoker Award for Novel.
Vach Kabud Rural District
Vach Kabud Rural District (Persian: دهستان وچ کبود) is in Sarabbagh District of Abdanan County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Vachakab. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chamkabud. Prior to that time, its capital was the village of Shahrak-e Hezarani.

Vachakab
Vachakab (Persian: وچكاب) is a village in, and the capital of, Vach Kabud Rural District of Sarab Bagh District, Abdanan County, Ilam province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chamkabud. Prior to that time, its capital was the village of Shahrak-e Hezarani.