hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jewish medical ethics
Jewish medical ethics is a modern scholarly and clinical approach to medical ethics that draws upon Jewish thought and teachings. Pioneered by Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits in the 1950s, Jewish medical ethics centers mainly around an applied ethics drawing upon traditional rabbinic law (halakhah). In addition, scholars have begun examining theoretical and methodological questions, while the field itself has been broadened to encompass bioethics and non-halakhic approaches.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Fallowfield Loop railway line
The Fallowfield Loop railway line was a local railway route in south Manchester, England. Trains on the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) line (later, the Great Central Railway line) from Sheffield Victoria and Guide Bridge used the Loop to access Manchester Central. Some express trains, including the Harwich-Liverpool boat train, used the line.

The line was fully opened in 1892 and remained in use until 1988; the stations at Hyde Road, Levenshulme South, Fallowfield and Wilbraham Road closed in 1958, following the withdrawal of passenger services.

Reddish Traction Depot was built adjacent to the line in 1954, to maintain the new fleet of electric trains for the Woodhead Line. It remained open until 1983; it has since been demolished and a housing estate was built on the site.

Hyde Road railway station
Hyde Road was a railway station in Gorton, Manchester, England, on the Fallowfield Loop Line. It opened in 1892 and closed in 1958, when local passenger services on the line were withdrawn.  The station was sometimes advertised as Hyde Road for Belle Vue, given its close proximity to Belle Vue Zoo which was about one mile away.  The line was closed completely in 1988 and the track was taken up. The station has long since been demolished and the site was partly redeveloped. The former trackbed is now a popular shared use path called the Fallowfield Loop.

The station was named after Hyde Road, which begins at the east end of Ardwick Green South in Ardwick and runs east towards Hyde. At the boundary between Gorton and Denton, it continues as Manchester Road.
Alnus maritima
Alnus maritima ( also known as the seaside alder, delmarva alder, or brook alder) is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Betulaceae. Alnus maritima is endemic to the United States, and is found naturally in three disjunct populations in Oklahoma, Georgia, and in Maryland and Delaware on the Delmarva Peninsula.

Alnus maritima is the only autumn-blooming member of the genus Alnus native to North America. All other North American alders bloom in the spring. The autumn-blooming phenology is a characteristic that Alnus maritima shares with two old-world Alnus species, Alnus nitida and Alnus nepalensis, which are endemic to southeast Asia. This profound similarity in their timing of anthesis has led to their classification as the only three members in the subgenus Clethropsis.

Alder
Alders are trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
Organ Thieves
Organ Thieves is a southern and soul-influenced experimental hard rock side project by Brown Brigade guitarists Chuck Coles and Dave Baksh, formed by Coles in mid-2008. It has since become their main project.

Brown Brigade
Brown Brigade was a reggae-influenced heavy metal band created by Sum 41 guitarist Dave "Brownsound" Baksh. The band's final lineup was Baksh (vocals, guitar), Vaughn Lal (bass guitar, backing vocals), Johnny Owens (drums), Chuck Coles (guitar), and Cess Rock (percussion).
Isnag people
The Isnag people (also referred to as Isneg, Yapayao and Apayao) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region, though they are also found in parts of Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, and Abra.  Their native language is Isnag, although most Isnag also speak Ilocano.

The Isnag, also referred to as Yapayao, trace their origins to the Province of Apayao, though they are also found in parts of Cagayan,  Ilocos Norte, and Abra. Their populations are distributed across the municipalities of Calanasan, Kabugao, Pudtol, Flora, Luna, Santa Marcela, and Conner in Apayao; the eastern part of Ilocos Norte, specifically Adams, Carasi, Dumalneg, Vintar, Marcos, Dingras, Solsona, Bangui and Pagudpud; the northwestern part of Cagayan, particularly Santa Praxedes, Claveria, Sanchez Mira, and Pamplona; and the northern part of Abra, particularly Tineg.

Isnag language
Isnag (also called Isneg a term used by the Ilocanos) is an Austronesian language spoken by around 50,101 Isnag people of Apayao Province in the Cordillera Administrative Region in the northern Philippines, who are also found in parts of Cagayan and Ilocos Norte. Their populations are distributed across the municipalities of Calanasan, Kabugao, Pudtol, Flora, Luna, Santa Marcela, and Conner in Apayao; the eastern part of Ilocos Norte, specifically Adams, Carasi, Dumalneg, Vintar, Marcos, Dingras, Solsona, Bangui, and Pagudpud; the northwestern part of Cagayan, particularly Santa Praxedes, Claveria, Sanchez Mira, and Pamplona; and the northern part of Abra, particularly Tineg. Around 85% of Isnag are capable of reading the Isnag language. Many Isnag speakers also speak Ilocano.
Maxwell Jacob Friedman
Maxwell Tyler Friedman (born March 15, 1996), better known by the ring name Maxwell Jacob Friedman or simply MJF, is an American professional wrestler and actor. He has been signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) since it was founded in January 2019, where he is the current and two-time AEW World Champion, with his first reign being the longest in the title's history.

Friedman previously worked for Major League Wrestling (MLW), where he became a one-time MLW World Tag Team Champion and a one-time and inaugural MLW World Middleweight Champion. He has also worked on the American independent circuit for promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), where he became a one-time CZW World Heavyweight Champion and a one-time CZW Wired Champion. In 2019, he signed with AEW, where he has since become a two-time AEW World Champion, with his first reign being the longest reign for the title at 406 days, a one-time AEW International Champion, and a record six-time AEW Dynamite Diamond Ring winner.

AEW World Championship
The AEW World Championship is a men's professional wrestling world championship created and promoted by the American promotion All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Unveiled on May 25, 2019, it is the promotion's primary and most prestigious championship, and Chris Jericho was the inaugural champion. The current champion is MJF, who is in his second reign. He won the title by defeating previous champion Samoa Joe, Swerve Strickland, and "Hangman" Adam Page in a four-way match at Worlds End on December 27, 2025.
Displacement (linguistics)
In linguistics, displacement is the capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present (spatially or temporally); i.e., things that are either not here or are not here now.

In 1960, Charles F. Hockett proposed displacement as one of 13 design features of language that distinguish human language from animal communication systems (ACSs):

Man is apparently almost unique in being able to talk about things that are remote in space or time (or both) from where the talking goes on. This feature—"displacement"—seems to be definitely lacking in the vocal signaling of man's closest relatives, though it does occur in bee-dancing.

Hockett's design features
Hockett's design features are a set of features that characterize human language and set it apart from animal communication. They were defined by the linguist Charles F. Hockett in the 1960s. He called these characteristics the design features of language. Hockett originally believed there to be 13 design features. While primate communication utilizes the first 9 features, Hockett believed that the final 4 features (displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, and duality) were reserved for humans. Hockett later added prevarication, reflexiveness, and learnability to the list as uniquely human characteristics. He asserted that even the most basic human languages possess these 16 features.
Caldecott Foundation
The Caldecott Foundation, formerly known as the Caldecott Community, is a UK charity which provides therapeutic care and education for disadvantaged and vulnerable children. It has been based in the Borough of Ashford in Kent since 1947 and operates seven registered children's homes in Kent and Nottinghamshire as well the Caldecott Foundation School.

The foundation's roots go back to 1911, when Leila Rendel founded a day nursery in the St Pancras district of London which catered to the children of women working in a nearby factory. It later evolved into a pioneering boarding school in Kent, first for working class children, and then for distressed and vulnerable children who had been placed into care. Rendel named the community after the children's book illustrator Randolph Caldecott whose pictures adorned the walls of the St Pancras nursery.

The foundation was officially incorporated in 1946 as the Caldecott Community. Its name was changed to the Caldecott Foundation in 1997.

Leila Rendel
Leila Rendel OBE (11 October 1882 – 16 March 1969) was an English social worker, suffragist, and children's campaigner. She was the co-founder of the Caldecott Community, a pioneering boarding school in Kent for distressed and vulnerable children, and served as its director for over 50 years.
Mississippi Highway 32
Mississippi Highway 32 (MS 32) is a state highway in northern Mississippi it runs from east to west for 152.0 miles (244.6 km), serving the counties of Bolivar, Sunflower, Tallahatchie, Yalobusha, Calhoun, and Chickasaw. The publicly accessible portion of MS 32 is divided into two sections, the first of which begins near Perthshire and runs eastward to the rear entrance of the Mississippi State Penitentiary (MSP). The second section begins at the main entrance of MSP and runs eastward to MS 32's terminus in Okolona. A private portion of MS 32 runs from the main entrance of MSP to the rear entrance of MSP.

Calhoun County, Mississippi
Calhoun County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,266. Its county seat is Pittsboro. The county is named after John C. Calhoun, the U.S. Vice President and U.S. Senator from South Carolina.
Alliance for Democracy and Reforms
The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (often abbreviated to ADR) was a governing coalition in Moldova between numerous non-Communist parties which had absolute majority in the Moldovan Parliament after the 1998 parliamentary election.

1998 Moldovan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 22 March 1998. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) emerged as the largest party in Parliament, winning 40 of the 101 seats. However, the three other parties to win seats – the Democratic Convention of Moldova (26 seats), For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova (24), and the Party of Democratic Forces (11) – formed a coalition government which was later known as the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms, pushing the Communists in opposition until the next elections in 2001.
Edwin Simandl
Edwin (Piggy) Simandl was the owner of the Orange Tornadoes and Newark Tornadoes of the National Football League. He became the team's owner in 1929, when Ole Haugsrud, the owner of Duluth Eskimos, sold his defunct franchise rights to Simandl. This allowed Simandl to place his Orange Tornadoes in the NFL. In addition to running his NFL franchise, Simandl was a wholesale meat salesman, which was why he was given the nickname "Piggy". In 1930, the team moved to Newark and played a dismal season that resulted in just 1 win. Afterward, Simandl sold his franchise rights back to the NFL. However, after a 2-year hiatus, he reorganized his team in Orange. The Tornadoes then defeated the Staten Island Stapletons 7-0 in their first game back.

Orange/Newark Tornadoes
The Orange Tornadoes and Newark Tornadoes were two manifestations of a long-lived professional American football franchise that existed in some form from 1887 to 1941 and from 1958 to 1970, having played in the American Amateur Football Union from 1888 to 1895, the National Football League from 1929 to 1930, the American Association from 1936 to 1941, the Atlantic Coast Football League from 1963 to 1964 and 1970, and the Continental Football League from 1965 to 1969. The team was based for most of its history in Orange, New Jersey, with many of its later years in Newark. Its last five seasons of existence were as the Orlando Panthers, when the team was based in Orlando, Florida. The NFL franchise was sold back to the league in October 1930. The team had four head coaches in its two years in the NFL – Jack Depler in Orange, and Jack Fish, Al McGall and Andy Salata in Newark.
Mike Vernon (producer)
Michael William Hugh Vernon (born 20 November 1944) is an English music executive studio owner and record producer from Harrow, Middlesex. He produced albums for British blues artists and groups in the 1960s, working with the Bluesbreakers, David Bowie, Duster Bennett, Savoy Brown, Chicken Shack, Climax Blues Band, Eric Clapton, Focus, Fleetwood Mac, Peter Green, Danny Kirwan, John Mayall, Christine McVie and Ten Years After, amongst others.

John Mayall
John Brumwell Mayall OBE (29 November 1933 – 22 July 2024) was an English blues and rock musician, songwriter and producer. In the 1960s, he formed John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, a band that has counted among its members some of the most famous blues and blues rock musicians of all-time. A singer, guitarist, harmonica player, and keyboardist, he had a career that spanned nearly seven decades, remaining an active musician until his death aged 90. Mayall has often been referred to as the "godfather of the British blues", and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the musical influence category in 2024.
Thys
Thys is a Dutch patronymic surname. It is an alternative spelling of Thijs, a very common nickname for Matthijs (Mattheus). The Dutch digraph ij and the y ("ij" without dots) were used interchangeably until the surname spelling fixations around 1810. The form "Thys" is particularly common in the Belgian province of Antwerp, while "Thijs" is most common in Belgian Limburg. Outside the Low Countries the spelling is almost exclusively "Thys." People with this surname include:

Thijs
Thijs is a common Dutch given name and surname. It is a short form of Matthijs (Dutch form of Matthew) or Timothijs or Timotheus (Dutch forms of Timothy). The ij is pronounced [ɛi].

Some notable people with this name are:
Fuchs's theorem
In mathematics, Fuchs's theorem, named after Lazarus Fuchs, states that a second-order differential equation of the form

has a solution expressible by a generalised Frobenius series when ,  and  are analytic at  or  is a regular singular point. That is, any solution to this second-order differential equation can be written as

for some positive real s, or

for some positive real r, where y0 is a solution of the first kind.

Its radius of convergence is at least as large as the minimum of the radii of convergence of ,  and .

Frobenius method
In mathematics, the method of Frobenius, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, is a way to find an infinite series solution for a linear second-order ordinary differential equation of the form

with  and .

in the vicinity of the regular singular point .

One can divide by  to obtain a differential equation of the form

which will not be solvable with regular power series methods if either p(z)/z or q(z)/z2 is not analytic at z = 0. The Frobenius method enables one to create a power series solution to such a differential equation, provided that p(z) and q(z) are themselves analytic at 0 or, being analytic elsewhere, both their limits at 0 exist (and are finite).
Aston baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Aston, both in the Baronetage of England.  Both creations are extinct.

The Aston Baronetcy, of Tixall in the County of Stafford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 22 May 1611 for Walter Aston of Tixall Hall. He was later created Lord Aston of Forfar in 1627 with which the baronetcy merged until its extinction in 1751.

The Aston Baronetcy, of Aston in the County of Chester, was created in the Baronetage of England on 25 July 1628 for Thomas Aston, Member of Parliament for Cheshire. His great-grandson, the fourth Baronet sat for Liverpool and St Albans in the British House of Commons. He died childless in 1744 and was succeeded by a son of the younger son of the second Baronet.  The latter represented Nottingham in the Parliament. After the death of his son, the sixth Baronet, the baronetcy became extinct in 1815. Their seat was Aston Hall, Aston-by-Sutton, which was demolished in 1938.

Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet (29 September 1600 – 24 March 1645) was an English politician and army officer who sat in the House of Commons in 1640. He fought for the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. The portrait he commissioned from John Souch of his first wife Magdalene, Lady Aston (née Magdalen Pulteney) on her deathbed is in Manchester Art Gallery. He is known as an apologist for the Church of England.
Pet Society
Pet Society was a social-network game developed by Playfish that could be played on Facebook. The game ranked as one of the most popular Facebook applications. Players could design their pets by choosing genders, names, colors and altering appearances. The user interacted with their pets through washing, brushing, petting and feeding.

The game was launched August 8, 2008 by Playfish and at its "peak had 50 million monthly players, 5 million daily players and made as much as $100,000 a day by selling in-game items." Electronic Arts acquired Playfish in November 2009. The game was scheduled to close on June 14, 2013; the server shut down on June 18.

An iOS version, Pet Society Vacation was released in 2011 with similar gameplay, but set on a tropical island with new settings like an underwater reef.

Playfish
Playfish was a short-lived developer of free-to-play social network games. Playfish was founded in 2007 by Kristian Segerstråle, Sebastien de Halleux, Sami Lababidi, and Shukri Shammas. It closed in 2013. Playfish in the past had tended to attract up to 55 million users a month, with over 37 million users coming from Facebook users.

In October 2008, they secured US$17 million in venture capital funding from Accel Partners and Index Ventures. The company was acquired by Electronic Arts in 2009, with the last of Playfish's games being retired in 2013.
Uitenhage Group
The Uitenhage Group is one of three geological groups, which comprise the onshore and offshore post-Karoo middle to lower Upper Mesozoic geological rock units in South Africa. Stratigraphically, the Uitenhage Group overlies the Suurberg Group and is overlain by the Algoa Group. It contains four formations that range in age from late Early Jurassic and late Early Cretaceous in age (~183 - 100 Ma).

Kirkwood Formation
The Kirkwood Formation is a geological formation found in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa. It is one of the four formations found within the Uitenhage Group of the Algoa Basin – its type locality – and in the neighbouring Gamtoos Basin. Outcrops of the Kirkwood are also found along the Worcester-Pletmos, Herbertsdale-Riversdale, Heidelberg-Mossel Bay, and Oudtshoorn-Gamtoos basin lines. At these basins the Kirkwood Formation underlies the Buffelskloof Formation and not the Sundays River Formation.
Noel McGrath (hurler)
Noel McGrath (born 17 December 1990) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Loughmore-Castleiney and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as at midfield.

Loughmore–Castleiney GAA
Loughmore–Castleiney GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Tipperary, Ireland. The club competes in the Mid-Tipperary division of Tipperary GAA, and draws its players and support from the parish of the same name. The area comprises the villages of Loughmore and Castleiney with their surrounding hinterland.
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey
The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS) is a statistical survey administered by the Australian Bureau of Statistics which collects information on the social situation of Indigenous Australians (who are either Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders), including on health, education, culture and labour force participation. The surveys are carried out every six years, starting in 2002. It succeeded the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey (NATSIS), the last survey of which was carried out in 1994.

The 2008 survey was carried out from August 2008 to April 2009 and involved about 13,300 Indigenous Australians.

Australian Bureau of Statistics
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is an agency of the Australian Government that collates and analyses statistical data on economic, demographic, environmental and social issues to support policy research and development.

The bureau's function originated in the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, established in 1905, four years after the Federation of Australia. The organisation took on its present name in 1975. The ABS conducts Australia's Census of Population and Housing every five years and publishes its findings online.
Battle of Nedumkotta
The Battle of Nedumkotta took place between December 1789 and May 1790, and was a reason for the opening of hostilities in the Third Anglo-Mysore War. This battle was fought between Tipu Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore and Dharma Raja, Maharaja of Travancore. Mysore army attacked the fortified line in Thrissur district at the Travancore border known as the Nedumkotta. The Mysore army was successfully repulsed by the Travancore army under the leadership of Raja Kesavadas, Dewan of Travancore.

Raja Kesavadas
Raja Kesavadas born Kesavan Raman Pillai of Kunnathur, also known as  (17 March 1745 – 21 April 1799; Sanskrit keśavadāsa)  was the Dewan of Travancore during the reign of Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma. He is well known for his military tactics and administrative acumen. He was the mastermind in developing the Alappuzha town.