hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trams in The Hague
The Hague Tram (Dutch: Haagse tram) is a tram network forming part of the public transport system in and around the city of The Hague in South Holland, Netherlands.

Opened in 1864, as of 2018 the network has twelve tram lines, three of which were built to light rail standards and operate under the RandstadRail brand. The network has 117 kilometres of rails and 241 stops. The network is owned by the Municipality of The Hague and operated by HTM Personenvervoer (HTM) since 2002 HTM is the successor of N.V. Gemengd Bedrijf Haagsche Tramweg-Maatschappij (1 January 1927 – 11 June 2002) and before that N.V. Haagsche Tramweg-Maatschappij (HTM) (1 May 1887 – 1 January 1927).

The network serves six municipalities outside of The Hague: Rijswijk, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Delft, Pijnacker-Nootdorp, Zoetermeer, and Westland.

HTM Personenvervoer
HTM, officially HTM Personenvervoer NV, formerly Haagsche Tramweg Maatschappij (lit. 'The Hague Tramway Company'), is a public transport operator based in The Hague, Netherlands.

The company operates tram, light rail, and bus services in The Hague and the surrounding Haaglanden region, including Rijswijk, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Delft, Zoetermeer, Wateringen, Pijnacker, and Nootdorp. HTM is a partner in the RandstadRail lightrail network, connecting The Hague with Zoetermeer and Rotterdam in cooperation with RET. The company operates under concessions granted by  Metropolitan Region Rotterdam The Hague (MRDH) and is majority-owned by the municipality of The Hague.
2022 Idaho House of Representatives election
The 2022 Idaho House of Representatives elections took place on November 8, 2022. Primary elections were held on May 17, 2022. Idaho voters elected state representatives in all 70 seats of the House, electing two state representatives in each of the 35 Idaho state legislative districts. State representatives serve two-year terms in the Idaho House of Representatives.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Idaho state elections, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Governor, and Idaho Senate. Since the previous election in 2020, Republicans held a 58-to-12-seat supermajority over Democrats. Republicans gained a seat in 2022, increasing their supermajority to 59 seats.

These were the first elections in Idaho following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, which resulted in some members being assigned to new districts.

2022 Idaho Senate election
The 2022 Idaho State Senate elections took place on November 8, 2022. Primary elections were held on May 17, 2022. Idaho voters elected state senators in all 35 seats of the Senate, electing one state senator and two state representatives in each of the 35 Idaho state legislative districts. State senators serve two-year terms in the Idaho Senate.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Idaho state elections, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Governor, and Idaho House. Since the previous election in 2020, Republicans held a 28-to-7-seat supermajority over Democrats. Republicans maintained the same supermajority in 2022, winning 28 seats.

These were the first elections in Idaho following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, which resulted in some members being assigned to new districts.
Sophia Albertina, Abbess of Quedlinburg
Princess Sophia Albertina of Sweden (Sophia Maria Lovisa Fredrika Albertina; 8 October 1753 – 17 March 1829) was the last Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbey, and as such reigned as vassal monarch of the Holy Roman Empire.

Sophia Albertina was the daughter of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. She was thus a princess of Sweden, a princess of Holstein-Gottorp and a sister to Gustav III of Sweden. She was a member of the Accademia di San Luca. When her brother Charles XIII of Sweden and the rest of the royal family also became Norwegian royalty in 1814, that did not include Sophia Albertina who then officially was called Royal Princess (of no country).

She was given her two names in honour of her two grandmothers: the Prussian Queen Sophia Dorothea of Hanover and Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.

Charles XIII
Charles XIII or Carl XIII (Swedish: Karl XIII; 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818) was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son (and younger brother to King Gustav III) of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.

Though known as King Charles XIII in Sweden, he was actually the seventh Swedish king by that name, as Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden. In Norway, he is known as Charles II.
71st (South African) Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
71st (South African) Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery was a unit of the South African Heavy Artillery formed for service with the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force in World War I. It travelled to Europe and fought under British command on the Western Front from 1916 to 1918, seeing action at Mount Sorrel, the Somme, Bullecourt, Ypres and Cambrai, against the German Spring Offensive and in the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive.

South African Heavy Artillery
The South African Heavy Artillery (SAHA) was a regiment formed in 1915 as part of the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force to serve under British command during World War I. It never fought as a single formation, but contributed a number of batteries and brigades to the Royal Garrison Artillery that fought on the Western Front from 1916 until the Armistice.
Kalibr (missile family)
The Novator Kalibr (Калибр, caliber), also referred to as 3M54-1 Kalibr, 3M14 Biryuza (Бирюза, turquoise), (NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler and SS-N-30A) is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by NPO Novator (OKB-8). It first saw service in 1994. There are ship-launched, submarine-launched and air-launched versions of the missile, and variants for anti-ship, and land attack use. Some versions have a second propulsion stage that initiates a supersonic sprint in the terminal approach to the target, reducing the time that air defense systems have to react, while subsonic versions have greater range than the supersonic variants. The missile can carry a conventional or nuclear warhead weighing up to 500 kilograms (1,100 lb).

RK-55
The Novator RK-55 Relief (Russian: РК-55 Рельеф 'Relief'; NATO: SSC-X-4 'Slingshot'; GRAU: 3K12) is a Russian Navy cruise missile that is launched either from submarines (SLCM) or from surface ships. It can have a nuclear warhead developed in the Soviet Union. A version launched from submarine torpedo tubes, the S-10 Granat (SS-N-21 'Sampson'; GRAU: 3K10), has apparently been converted to carry conventional warheads and continues in service to this day. The Russian Federation was reported to have deployed the derivative SS-CX-7/SS-CX-8 systems on 14 February 2017. The land launched version is called the Novator 9M729.

The RK-55 is very similar to the air-launched Kh-55 (AS-15 'Kent') but the Kh-55 has a drop-down turbofan engine and was designed by MKB Raduga. Both have formed the basis of post-Cold-War missiles, in particular the 3M-54 Kalibr which has a supersonic approach phase.
Veera Kannadiga
Veera Kannadiga (transl. The Brave Kannadiga) is a 2004 Indian Kannada-language masala film directed by debutant Meher Ramesh from a story written by Puri Jagannadh who simultaneously shot the film in Telugu as Andhrawala starring Jr. NTR. The film stars Puneeth Rajkumar and Anita Hassanandani in the lead roles.

Veera Kannadiga was released on 1 January 2004, where it became a commercial success at the box office whereas the Telugu version bombed at the box office.

Andhrawala
Andhrawala (transl. Andhrite) is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language action film written and directed by Puri Jagannadh and starring N. T. Rama Rao Jr. playing a dual role, while Rakshitha, Sayaji Shinde, and Rahul Dev play important roles. Music was composed by Chakri while cinematography was handled by Shyam K. Naidu. This film was simultaneously made in Kannada as Veera Kannadiga with Puneeth Rajkumar, directed by Meher Ramesh.

Andhrawala created much hype as N. T. Rama Rao Jr. was acting in this film just after the blockbuster Simhadri. However the movie was a disaster at the box office.
Ngangkha Lawai
Ngangkha Lawai (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯥ ꯂꯋꯥꯏ), also spelled Ngangkhalawai (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯂꯋꯥꯏ) or Ngangkharawai (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯔꯋꯥꯏ), is a village in the Moirang Sub Division of Bishnupur district, Manipur, India.
Ngangkha Lawai is known in Moirang Kangleirol genre of Meitei mythology and folklore as the place where the goddess Arai Leima, also called Ngangkha Leima, first appeared to the hero Khuman Puremba (the rebirth of Mungyang Chaoba).

Ngangkha Leima
Arai Leima (ꯑꯔꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯃ), better known as Ngangkha Leima (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ) or Ngangkhareima (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯔꯩꯃ), is a figure from the traditions of the ancient Moirang kingdom. She is a goddess, one of the seven celestial daughters of the Sky God. In Moirang Kangleirol tradition of Meitei mythology and folklore, she is closely connected with the lives of Mungyang Chaoba, his rebirth Puremba, and their children, including Khuman Khamba, a central hero of the classical Meitei epic Khamba Thoibi.
Second Smaiylov Government
The Second Smaiylov Government (Kazakh: Смайылов екінші үкіметі, romanized: Smayılov ekinşi ükimeti; Russian: Второе правительство Смаилова) was the 18th composition of the Government of Kazakhstan under the leadership of Prime Minister Alihan Smaiylov. It was formed shortly after the 2023 legislative election, where the First Smaiylov Government previously resigned. On 30 March 2023, Smaiylov was reappointed as PM by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev after the lower house Mäjilis' confirmation in an 82–7 vote with eight abstentions.

In February 2024, President Tokayev dismissed Smaiylov from the post of Prime Minister, leading to Roman Sklyar briefly assuming the role of acting PM. Subsequently, Oljas Bektenov was appointed by the parliament to officially succeed Smaiylov as the Prime Minister and form the 15th government.

First Smaiylov Government
The First Smaiylov Government (Kazakh: Смайылов бірінші үкіметі, romanized: Smayılov birinşi ükimeti; Russian: Первое правительство Смаилова) was the 17th composition of the Government of Kazakhstan under the leadership of Prime Minister Älihan Smaiylov. It was formed after the previous government, led by Prime Minister Askar Mamin, was dismissed by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev on 5 January 2022 as a result of the 2022 Kazakh unrest. The membership of the government was announced by the president on 11 January 2022. Eight of the 21 ministers of the previous cabinet were replaced.

The government functioned before PM Älihan Smaiylov resigned following the 2023 legislative election on 29 March 2023, which was succeeded by the Second Smaiylov Government after Smaiylov was re-appointed to his position as the PM by Tokayev on 30 March.
Jonas Folger
Jonas Folger (born 13 August 1993) is a German professional motorcycle racer who most recently regularly competed in the 2021 Superbike World Championship. He was named as a replacement rider from April 2023 for Pol Espargaró, injured in March during practice at the first round of the MotoGP World Championship.

Folger is best known for his stint in MotoGP with Monster Yamaha Tech 3, getting a 2017 podium in Germany. His subsequent career has been affected by illness, having been diagnosed with Gilbert's syndrome. Folger is also a race winner in both Moto3 and Moto2.

Pol Espargaró
Pol Espargaró Villà (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈpɔl əspəɾɣəˈɾo βiˈʎa]; born 10 June 1991) is a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer who for 2023 rode in the MotoGP class for the newly named GasGas Factory Racing team, a development of Tech3 using KTM machines, after which he will be a test rider within the KTM organisation. He previously spent two years with Repsol Honda Team.

Pol is the younger brother of fellow MotoGP rider Aleix Espargaró, and is best known for winning the 2013 Moto2 World Championship. This earned him a move to Monster Yamaha Tech3 in 2014, until 2017 where he signed for Red Bull KTM Factory Racing and secured a maiden podium at the 2018 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix .

He won the Suzuka 8 Hours in 2015 with Bradley Smith and Katsuyuki Nakasuga, and in 2016 with Nakasuga and Alex Lowes. He is the first rider to finish on the podium riding a KTM motorcycle in MotoGP.
Federico Vairo
Federico Vairo Moramarco (27 January 1930 – 7 December 2010) was an Argentine football defender who won three consecutive league titles with River Plate and represented Argentina at the 1958 World Cup.

His younger brother Juan Apolonio Vairo Moramarco also played football professionally, including one season for Juventus.

Juan Vairo
Juan Apolonio Vairo Moramarco (born April 10, 1932, in Rosario) is a retired Argentine professional football player.

His older brother Federico Vairo played for the Argentina national football team. In the summer of 1965 he played in the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League with Montreal Italica.

After retiring as a player he went on to become a football manager, coaching Universitario de Oriente in Venezuela in the 1970s.
Maine State Route 97
State Route 97 (SR 97) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located near the southern coastline.  It runs 9+1⁄2 miles (15.3 km) from an intersection with SR 220 in Friendship to an intersection with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Warren.

Maine State Route 220
State Route 220 (SR 220) is a state highway located in central coastal Maine.  It begins at State Route 97 in Friendship on the Atlantic coast and runs for 66.50 miles (107.02 km) north to Palmyra, where it ends at State Route 11 and State Route 100.  SR 220 runs through a series of small towns, with connecting routes leading to larger population centers such as Augusta, Waterville, and Bangor to the east and west.
Incremental backup
An incremental backup is one in which successive copies of the data contain only the portion that has changed since the preceding backup copy was made.  When a full recovery is needed, the restoration process would need the last full backup plus all the incremental backups until the point of restoration. Incremental backups are often desirable as they reduce storage space usage, and are quicker to perform than differential backups.

Differential backup
A differential backup is a type of data backup that preserves data, saving only the difference in the data since the last full backup. The rationale in this is that, since changes to data are generally few compared to the entire amount of data in the data repository, the amount of time required to complete the backup will be smaller than if a full backup was performed every time that the organization or data owner wishes to back up changes since the last full backup. Another advantage, at least as compared to the incremental backup method of data backup, is that at data restoration time, at most two backup media are ever needed to restore all the data. This simplifies data restores as well as increases the likelihood of shortening data restoration time.
Schedula Romana
The Schedula Romana was a pharmaceutical handbill published in 1649. Generally assumed to have been designed after the knowledge of the cinchona bark properties brought from South America by Spanish Jesuit Juan de Lugo, the Schedula Romana is considered to be an early example of an efficient antimalarial recipe. The Schedula gives instructions on proper dosages and application of the cinchona bark. The doses recommended are likely to have been established by trial and error, and they are assumed to be relied on results obtained using the various recipes proposed by Roman apothecaries.

Jesuit's bark
Jesuit's bark, also known as cinchona bark, Peruvian bark or China bark, is a former remedy for malaria, as the bark contains quinine, used to treat the disease. The bark of several species of the genus Cinchona, family Rubiaceae indigenous to the western Andes of South America, was introduced to Jesuit missionaries during the 17th century as a traditional treatment for malaria by indigenous people in Peru.
Huon Gulf languages
The Huon Gulf languages are Western Oceanic languages spoken primarily in Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. They may form a group of the North New Guinea languages, perhaps within the Ngero–Vitiaz branch of that family.

Unusually for Oceanic languages, two North Huon Gulf languages, Bukawa and Yabem, are tonal. The only other tonal Oceanic languages are found in New Caledonia.

North Huon Gulf languages
The family of North Huon Gulf languages is a subgroup of the Huon Gulf languages of Papua New Guinea.

It consists of three languages, all of which are distinguished by severe truncation of many inherited roots and the compensatory development of suprasegmentals on vowels: phonemic tone in Yabem and Bukawa (Ross 1993) and nasalization in Kela (Johnson 1994).
Kujō Tsunenori
Kujō Tsunenori (九条 経教; 1331 – 1400), son of Nijō Michihira and adopted son of regent Michinori, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku from 1358 to 1361.

Kujō Michinori
Kujō Michinori (九条 道教; 1315–1349), son of Moronori with Imperial Prince Moriyoshi's daughter and adopted son of Fusazane, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period (1185–1333). He held a regent position kampaku in 1342. He married Oomiya Suehira's daughter. Tsunenori was his adopted son.
Vic Fuentes
Victor Vincent Fuentes (born February 10, 1983) is an American musician. He is the co-founder, lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the post-hardcore band Pierce the Veil, which he formed with his brother Mike Fuentes in 2006.

Mike Fuentes (drummer)
Michael Christopher Fuentes (born December 14, 1984) is an American musician, best known as the former drummer for the post-hardcore band Pierce the Veil from San Diego, which he co-founded alongside his older brother Vic Fuentes in 2006.

Fuentes was the percussionist of the supergroup Isles & Glaciers. He also began a hip-hop solo project under the stage name MikeyWhiskeyHands in which he raps on instrumentals produced by Pierce the Veil's bassist Jaime Preciado. Fuentes signed to Velocity Records in March 2012.
Rodney Davis (politician)
Rodney Lee Davis (born January 5, 1970) is an American politician and lobbyist who served as the U.S. representative for Illinois's 13th congressional district from 2013 to 2023. Davis's tenure ended when redistricting led to a primary race in the Illinois's 15th against fellow incumbent Mary Miller.

In July 2024, Davis joined the U.S. Chamber of Commerce as their head of governmental affairs.

Mary Miller (politician)
Mary Elizabeth Miller (née Meyer; born August 7, 1959) is an American far-right politician and farmer serving as the U.S. representative for Illinois's 15th congressional district since 2021. A member of the Republican Party, she serves on the House Committee on Agriculture, the Committee on Education & Labor, and the Committee on House Administration.
Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel
Landgravine Elisabeth Henriëtte von Hessen-Kassel (18 November 1661 – 7 July 1683) was the daughter of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg (1623–1683) and electoral princess of Brandenburg through her marriage to Frederick I of Prussia.

Frederick I of Prussia
Frederick I (German: Friedrich I.; 11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg–Prussia). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (1701–1713). From 1707 he was also Prince of Neuchâtel.
Emilian–Romagnol
Emilian–Romagnol (Italian: emiliano-romagnolo) is a linguistic continuum that is part of the Gallo-Italic languages spoken in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is divided into two main varieties, Emilian and Romagnol.

Romagnol
Romagnol (rumagnôl or rumagnùl; Italian: romagnolo) is a Romance language spoken in the historical region of Romagna, consisting mainly of the southeastern part of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The name is derived from the Lombard name for the region, Romagna. Romagnol is classified as endangered because older generations have "neglected to pass on the dialect as a native tongue to the next generation".
Dance Dance Revolution A
Dance Dance Revolution A (pronounced Ace) is a music video game, the 16th installment of the Dance Dance Revolution arcade series in Japan (the 8th in Europe and the 7th in North America), and the sequel to the 2014 release of Dance Dance Revolution. It was released on March 30, 2016 in Japan and Asia as a dedicated cabinet and as an upgrade kit, with Japan receiving a localized build, while the Korean release was delayed to the next week. This game was also released in North America later in 2016, in the form of new cabinets with e-Amusement connectivity, while Europe received new offline cabinets on December 15, 2017. It is the first international arcade release of Dance Dance Revolution since Dance Dance Revolution X2.

A sequel, titled Dance Dance Revolution A20, was released in 2019 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the series.

Dance Dance Revolution X2
Dance Dance Revolution X2 (ダンスダンスレボリューションX2, Dansu Dansu Reboryūshon Ekkusu Tsū) (DDR X2) is a music video game, and a part of the Dance Dance Revolution series. The arcade version of DDR X2 was revealed by Konami on November 20, 2009. The sequel to Dance Dance Revolution X, X2 began public beta testing on November 25, 2009. The game was released in Japan and Asia on July 7, 2010, North America on December 31, 2010, and Europe on May 13, 2011. It was the last arcade installment of Dance Dance Revolution with international releases until Dance Dance Revolution A.
Loop subdivision surface
In computer graphics, the Loop method for subdivision surfaces is an approximating subdivision scheme developed by Charles Loop in 1987 for triangular meshes. Prior methods, namely Catmull-Clark and Doo-Sabin (1978), focused on quad meshes.

Loop subdivision surfaces are defined recursively, dividing each triangle into four smaller ones. The method is based on a quartic box spline. It generates C2 continuous limit surfaces everywhere except at extraordinary vertices, where they are C1 continuous.

Catmull–Clark subdivision surface
The Catmull–Clark algorithm is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to create curved surfaces by using subdivision surface modeling. It was devised by Edwin Catmull and Jim Clark in 1978 as a generalization of bi-cubic uniform B-spline surfaces to arbitrary topology.

In 2005/06, Edwin Catmull, together with Tony DeRose and Jos Stam, received an Academy Award for Technical Achievement for their invention and application of subdivision surfaces. DeRose wrote about "efficient, fair interpolation" and character animation. Stam described a technique for a direct evaluation of the limit surface without recursion.