hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
High-definition television
High-definition television (HDTV) describes a television or video system which provides a substantially higher image resolution than the previous generation of technologies. The term has been used since at least 1933; in more recent times, it refers to the generation following standard-definition television (SDTV). It is the standard video format used in most broadcasts: terrestrial broadcast television, cable television, and satellite television.

Rec. 709
ITU-R Recommendation 709, usually abbreviated Rec. 709, BT.709, or ITU-R 709, is a standard developed by the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) for image encoding and signal characteristics of high-definition television (HDTV).  The standard specifies a scheme for digital encoding of colors as triplets of small integers, a widescreen format with 1080 active lines per picture and 1920 square pixels per line (a 16:9 aspect ratio), as well as several details of signal capture, transmission, and display. While directed to HDTV, some of its specifications (such as the color encoding) have also been adopted for other uses.
Quot scheme
In algebraic geometry, the Quot scheme is a scheme parametrizing sheaves on a projective scheme. More specifically, if X is a projective scheme over a Noetherian scheme S and if F is a coherent sheaf on X, then there is a scheme  whose set of T-points  is the set of isomorphism classes of the quotients of  that are flat over T. The notion was introduced by Alexander Grothendieck.

It is typically used to construct another scheme parametrizing geometric objects that are of interest such as a Hilbert scheme. (In fact, taking F to be the structure sheaf  gives a Hilbert scheme.)

Coherent sheaf
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaves are a class of sheaves closely linked to the geometric properties of the underlying space. The definition of coherent sheaves is made with reference to a sheaf of rings that codifies this geometric information.

Coherent sheaves can be seen as a generalization of vector bundles. Unlike vector bundles, they form an abelian category, and so they are closed under operations such as taking kernels, images, and cokernels. The  quasi-coherent sheaves are a generalization of coherent sheaves and include the locally free sheaves of infinite rank.

Coherent sheaf cohomology is a powerful technique, in particular for studying the sections of a given coherent sheaf.
FP (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class FP is the set of function problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time (and for which the function problem also represents a predicate decidable in polynomial time). It is the function problem version of the decision problem class P. Roughly speaking, it is the class of functions that can be efficiently computed on classical computers without randomization.

The difference between FP and P is that problems in P have one-bit, yes/no answers, while problems in FP can have any output that can be computed in polynomial time. For example, adding two numbers is an FP problem, while determining if their sum is odd is in P.
So any decision problem in P can be thought of as a function that outputs 0 or 1, so it’s trivially in FP. In short: .

Polynomial-time function problems are fundamental in defining polynomial-time reductions, which are used in turn to define the class of NP-complete problems.

P (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class. It contains all decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of computation time, or polynomial time.

Cobham's thesis holds that P is the class of computational problems that are "efficiently solvable" or "tractable". This is inexact: in practice, some problems not known to be in P have practical solutions, and some that are in P do not, but this is a useful rule of thumb.
Boeing E-6 Mercury
The Boeing E-6 Mercury (formerly E-6 Hermes) is an airborne command post and communications relay based on the Boeing 707-300. The original E-6A manufactured by Boeing's defense division entered service with the United States Navy in July 1989, replacing the EC-130Q. This platform, now modified to the E-6B standard, conveys instructions from the National Command Authority to fleet ballistic missile submarines (see communication with submarines), a mission known as TACAMO ("Take Charge And Move Out").

The E-6B model deployed in October 1998 has the ability to remotely control Minuteman ICBMs using the Airborne Launch Control System. The E-6B replaced Air Force EC-135Cs in the Looking Glass role, providing command and control of U.S. nuclear forces should ground-based control become inoperable. With production lasting until 1991, the E-6 was the final new derivative of the Boeing 707 to be built.

Operation Looking Glass
Looking Glass (or Operation Looking Glass) is the historic code name for an airborne command and control center operated by the United States. Since 2016 it has been referred to as the ABNCP (Airborne National Command Post). It provides command and control of U.S. nuclear forces in the event that ground-based command centers have been destroyed or otherwise rendered inoperable.

In such an event, the general officer aboard the Looking Glass serves as the Airborne Emergency Action Officer (AEAO), and by law assumes the authority of the National Command Authority and could command execution of nuclear attacks. The AEAO is supported by a battle staff of approximately 20 people, with another dozen responsible for the operation of the aircraft systems. The name Looking Glass, which is another name for a mirror, was chosen for the Airborne Command Post because the mission operates in parallel with the underground command post at Offutt Air Force Base.
Eppie Lederer
Esther Pauline "Eppie" Lederer (née Friedman; July 4, 1918 – June 22, 2002), better known by the pen name Ann Landers, was an American advice columnist and eventually a nationwide media celebrity. She began  writing the "Ask Ann Landers" column in 1955 and continued for 47 years, by which time its readership was 90 million people. A 1978 World Almanac survey named her the most influential woman in the United States. She was the identical twin sister of Pauline Phillips, who wrote the similarly popular "Dear Abby" advice column as Abigail Van Buren.

Lederer was a profile-raiser for several medical charities, and in 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed her to a six-year term on a cancer advisory board.

Dear Abby
Dear Abby is an American advice column founded in 1956 by Pauline Phillips under the pen name "Abigail Van Buren" and carried on today by her daughter, Jeanne Phillips, who now owns the legal rights to the pen name.
Role-playing game theory
Role-playing game theory is the study of role-playing games (RPGs) as a social or artistic phenomenon, also known as ludology. RPG theories seek to understand what role-playing games are, how they function, and how the gaming process can be refined in order to improve the play experience and produce better game products.

Notable theories about tabletop role-playing games include the Threefold model and GNS theory, which developed in conversation with the indie role-playing game forum The Forge in the early 2000s. Notable theories about live action role-playing games include the Meilahti School, the Turku School, and Emancipatory Bleed, which developed in conversation with the Knutepunkt convention in Scandinavia.

GNS theory
GNS theory is an informal field of study developed by Ron Edwards which attempts to create a unified theory of how role-playing games work. Focused on player behavior, in GNS theory participants in role-playing games organize their interactions around three categories of engagement: Gamism, Narrativism and Simulation.

The theory focuses on player interaction rather than statistics, encompassing game design beyond role-playing games. Analysis centers on how player behavior fits the above parameters of engagement and how these preferences shape the content and direction of a game. GNS theory is used by game designers to dissect the elements which attract players to certain types of games.
Star Trek: Away Team
Star Trek: Away Team is an isometric real-time tactics video game developed by Reflexive Entertainment and published by Activision. The game was initially released in March 2001 for personal computers using Microsoft Windows in North America. The game is set in the Star Trek universe, after the end of the Dominion War seen in the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. It features a range of new characters, set on board the USS Incursion with voice appearances by Brent Spiner and Michael Dorn as Lieutenant Commander Data and Ambassador Worf, respectively. The game received mixed reviews, with criticism directed at the graphics, elements of the gameplay including the lack of any artificial intelligence, and the limited length of the game.

In 2023, the game was one of eight Star Trek titles re-released on GOG.com in celebration of the franchise's 57th anniversary.

Real-time tactics
Real-time tactics (RTT) is a subgenre of tactical wargames played in real-time, simulating the considerations and circumstances of operational warfare and military tactics. It is differentiated from real-time strategy gameplay by the absence of classic resource micromanagement and base or unit building, and by the greater importance of individual units and a focus on complex battlefield tactics.
Wang Chi-lin
Wang Chi-lin (Chinese: 王齊麟; pinyin: Wáng Qílín; born 18 January 1995) is a Taiwanese badminton player who specializes in doubles. He is the 2020 and 2024 Olympics men's doubles champion, becoming the first doubles pair in Olympics history to win consecutive gold medals, and the first unseeded men's double to win the Olympics gold medals. He also won the men's doubles bronze medals at the 2018 World Championships, 2022 Asian Games, and at the 2023 Asian Championships. He reached a career high as World number 2 in September 2022 with his former partner Lee Yang. Wang also competed in the mixed doubles, winning the gold medal at the 2017 Summer Universiade with Lee Chia-hsin, with their career high were number 10 in the BWF World Rankings in June 2018.

Badminton at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
The men's doubles badminton tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place from 27 July to 4 August 2024 at the Porte de La Chapelle Arena in Paris. A total of 34 players from 15 nations competed at the tournament.

Defending Olympic champions Lee Yang and Wang Chi-lin of Chinese Taipei successfully retained their title, defeating Liang Weikeng and Wang Chang of China in the final, 21–17, 18–21, 21–19 to win the gold medal in men's doubles badminton at the 2024 Summer Olympics. They became the first men's doubles pair to do so together and the first consecutive Olympic badminton champions not to represent the People's Republic of China. In the bronze-medal match, defending medalists Aaron Chia and Soh Wooi Yik of Malaysia defeated Denmark's Kim Astrup and Anders Skaarup Rasmussen, 16–21, 22–20, 21–19. The pair saved four match points during the second game to claim Malaysia's third consecutive medal in the event.
Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein
Prince Karl Aloys von Liechtenstein (16 September 1878 – 20 June 1955) was an Imperial and Royal cavalry master until the fall of the monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1918, and from 1918 to 1920 he was the Governor of Liechtenstein.

He was the fifth son of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein and Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein and uncle of Franz Joseph II.

Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein (1842–1907)
Prince Alfred Louis of Liechtenstein (Alfred Aloys Eduard; 11 July 1842 in Prague – 8 October 1907 in Frauenthal castle) was the son of Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein (1802–1887) and Countess Julia Eudoxia Potocka-Piława (1818–1895), older brother of Prince Louis of Liechtenstein, and cousin and brother-in-law of Franz I of Liechtenstein.

He was the 1,143rd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria in 1903.
Shane McGuirk
Shane McGuirk (born 9 May 1995) is an Irish professional darts player who competes in the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events and previously competed in World Darts Federation (WDF) and British Darts Organisation (BDO) events. He won the WDF World Championship in 2024 to become the first darts world champion from the Republic of Ireland. He is also a former Irish Open and FCD Anniversary Open champion. McGuirk won a title on the PDC Development Tour in 2019.

2024 WDF World Darts Championship
The 2024 WDF World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2024 Lakeside WDF World Championship) was the third edition of the WDF World Darts Championship organised by the World Darts Federation (WDF). The tournament was held at the Lakeside Country Club in Frimley Green, Surrey, England.

Andy Baetens was the defending men's champion, but was not able to defend his title after winning a PDC Tour Card in January 2024. Beau Greaves secured her third women's title by beating Sophie McKinlay, having beaten Aileen de Graaf in the 2023 final.

Shane McGuirk defeated Paul Lim 6–3 in the men's final to become the first World Darts Champion from the Republic of Ireland. 70-year-old Lim also became the oldest darts player to reach a World Championship final.
Standard Portable Intermediate Representation
Standard Portable Intermediate Representation (SPIR) is an intermediate language for parallel computing and graphics by Khronos Group. It is used in multiple execution environments, including the Vulkan graphics API and the OpenCL compute API, to represent a shader or kernel. It is also used as an interchange language for cross compilation.

SPIR-V is a new version of SPIR which was introduced in 2015 by the Khronos Group, and has since replaced the original SPIR, which was introduced in 2012.

On September 19th 2024, Microsoft has announced plans to adopt SPIR-V as the Direct3D Interchange format in place of DXIL, beginning support from Shader Model 7 on.

Shader
In computer graphics, a shader is a programmable operation which is applied to data as it moves through the rendering pipeline. Shaders can act on data such as vertices and primitives—to generate or morph geometry—and fragments –to calculate the values in a rendered image.

Shaders can execute a wide variety of operations and can run on different types of hardware. In modern real-time computer graphics, shaders are run on graphics processing units (GPUs) –dedicated hardware which provides highly parallel execution of programs. As rendering an image is embarrassingly parallel, fragment and pixel shaders scale well on SIMD hardware. Historically, the drive for faster rendering has produced highly-parallel processors which can in turn be used for other SIMD amenable algorithms. Such shaders executing in a compute pipeline are commonly called compute shaders.
G. J. R. Krishnan
Lalgudi Gopala Jayaraman Radhakrishnan, popularly known as G. J. R. Krishnan or Lalgudi Krishnan, is a Carnatic violinist, vocalist and composer. He is the son and disciple of the legendary maestro Lalgudi G. Jayaraman. Over the years, Krishnan has nurtured and propagated the legacy of the Lalgudi Bani, while also blending his own artistic elements. His style is defined by technique, bhava, laya, and a philosophical adherence to the notion that the violin must closely mimic the human voice. Lalgudi Krishnan was awarded with the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2015. This is the highest Indian recognition given to people in the field of performing arts. Along with his sister, Lalgudi Vijayalakshmi, the duo was honored with the prestigious Sangita Kalanidhi award from the Madras Music Academy in 2022. This is considered the highest accolade in the field of Carnatic music.

Madras Music Academy
Madras Music Academy is one of the earliest established music academies in South India. Before the concept of infrastructure was introduced to India in the early 1920s, it was a gathering for elite musicians simply called (and is still more commonly referred to as) Music Academy (Tamil: சங்கீத வித்வத் சபை, sangeetha vidhwadh sabai) It plays an important role in encouraging and promoting primarily the Carnatic Music Indian art form. It played a vital role in the revival of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatnatyam in the 1930s when it faced near extinction due to a negative connotation caused by conservative societal standards.

They also run a music school called the Teachers college of Carnatic Music which has many eminent musicians on its faculty. Musicians such as Tiger Varadachariar, Appa Iyer, Valadi Krishnaiyer and Mudicondan Venkatarama Iyer adorned the chair of Principal of the Teacher's College.
Liu Yang (taikonaut)
Liu Yang (Chinese: 刘洋; pinyin: Liú Yáng; born October 6, 1978) is a Chinese military transport pilot and taikonaut. On June 16, 2012, Yang became the first Chinese woman in space, as a crew member of Shenzhou 9.

Chinese women in space
As of 2024, the People's Republic of China has sent three women to space: Liu Yang, Wang Yaping and Wang Haoze all of whom are taikonauts in the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC). Liu Yang, China's first female taikonaut, first flew in 2012 aboard Shenzhou 9, and since then four additional missions have included female crew members: Shenzhou 10, 13, 14 and 19. According to the China National Space Administration, many women also hold leadership positions in the Chinese space program, and actively contribute to the Chinese space effort.
Nacho Azofra
Ignacio "Nacho" Azofra de la Cuesta (born 23 July 1969) is a retired Spanish professional basketball player. He played most of his career for Estudiantes, with two brief spells playing for Caja San Fernando and Lagun Aro Bilbao. He also played for the Spain national basketball team.

Spain men's national basketball team
The Spain men's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección Española de Baloncesto) represents Spain in international basketball competitions. They are managed by the Spanish Basketball Federation, the governing body for basketball in Spain.

Spain has appeared 33 times at the EuroBasket, winning four gold medals, six silver medals, and four bronze medals. They have also competed at the Summer Olympics 14 times, with three silver medals and one bronze medal as their accomplishments. They have qualified for the FIBA World Cup 13 times, winning it twice, in 2006 and 2019.

Spain is currently ranked seventh in the FIBA World Ranking.
Love an Adventure
Love an Adventure is the second studio album by Australian new wave band Pseudo Echo, released in 1985 by EMI Australia. The album peaked at No. 14 in Australia and produced three Australian top twenty singles, including "Don’t Go", which peaked at No. 4.  In 1986, the album was reissued to include the hit single "Funky Town".

In 1987, the album was released for the first time in North America with an alternate track listing, replacing three tracks on the original Australian release with re-recordings of three tracks originally featured on their previous album (making it a compilation of sorts).  While not included on initial pressings of the North American version, "Funky Town" was quickly added to later editions, replacing a fourth track ("Don't Go") from the Australian version.

Funkytown
"Funkytown" is a song by American disco-funk group Lipps Inc., written and produced by Steven Greenberg and released by Casablanca Records in March 1980 as the second single from the group's debut studio album, Mouth to Mouth (1979). The track was met with immediate commercial success, reaching number one on various record charts in different countries including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Israel, New Zealand, Spain, West Germany and on the US Billboard Hot 100. It quickly became the group's signature song, selling over eight million copies worldwide and becoming their most successful song.
Café de Paris (Monaco)
Café de Paris is a coffeehouse and restaurant in the Belle Époque style of the early 20th century, located in Monte Carlo next to the Casino de Monte-Carlo, on the Place du Casino, Hôtel de Paris. It is owned and managed by the Société des bains de mer de Monaco.

Monte Carlo Casino
The Monte Carlo Casino, officially named Casino de Monte-Carlo, is a gambling and entertainment complex located in Monaco. It includes a casino, the Opéra de Monte-Carlo, and the office of Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo.

The Casino de Monte-Carlo is owned and operated by the Société des Bains de Mer (SBM), a public company in which the government of Monaco and the ruling princely family have a majority interest. The company also owns the principal hotels, sports clubs, foodservice establishments, and nightclubs throughout the Principality.

Citizens of Monaco are forbidden to enter the gaming rooms of the casino. The rule banning all Monégasques from gambling or working at the casino was an initiative of Princess Caroline, the de facto regent of Monaco, who amended the rules on moral grounds.
Tiefort Mountains
The Tiefort Mountains are located in the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County, southeastern California in the United States.

The range is located at the southern end of the Fort Irwin Military Reservation, and is approximately 12 miles long. The highest point, Tiefort Peak, is 5,063 feet (1,543 m) high and is the 2,482nd highest mountain in California and the 24,629th highest mountain in the United States.

The mountains lie east of Fort Irwin and Bicycle Dry Lake, and are entirely within the military reservation, which is off-limit to the general public. The Tiefort mountains are about 16 miles north of Interstate 15, in the greater Barstow area.

The Tiefort Mountains are visible to the west, as is a small rivulet of water from Bitter Spring. The spring is protected from military maneuvers at Fort Irwin by an approximate half square mile barbed wire fence.

Fort Irwin National Training Center
Fort Irwin National Training Center (Fort Irwin NTC) is a major training area for the United States military in the Mojave Desert in northern San Bernardino County, California. Fort Irwin is at an average elevation of 2,454 feet (748 m). It is located 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Barstow, in the Calico Mountains.

The National Training Center is part of the US Army Combined Arms Command (CAC). The opposing force at the National Training Center is the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, the Blackhorse Cavalry, who are stationed at the base to provide an opposing force to units on a training rotation at Fort Irwin. In September 2017, a state-of-the-art hospital was opened that provides healthcare services to the Fort Irwin beneficiaries.

Fort Irwin works within the R-2502 Special Use Airspace Complex.
Typhlomyrmex
Typhlomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ectatomminae. Known from the Neotropics, the genus has a wide distribution. Some species are restricted in range, while for example Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi is known from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. Little is known about their biology. The name "Typhlomyrmex" means "blind ant", as this genus contains only blind ants. Previously classified under the monotypic tribe Typhlomyrmecini, it was merged into Ectatommini in 2022.

Ectatomminae
Ectatomminae is a subfamily of ants containing four extant and three extinct genera in two tribes. The subfamily was described in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the Ponerinae subfamily into six subfamilies. Heteroponerinae used to be an independent subfamily, but was merged into Ectatomminae in 2022. The taxonomical position of Ectatomminae was further upheld in a genomic reanalysis conducted with alternate methods in 2024.