hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk
James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, KB (10 February 1606/07 – December 1688), and 3rd Baron Howard de Walden (1619–1688), eldest son of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk. Howard was honoured with knighthood in the Order of the Bath in 1626, and was a joint-commissioner of the parliament to Charles I the same year. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War, and was a courtier after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660. He was lord-lieutenant of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire and gentleman of the bedchamber, 1660–1682.

Baron Howard de Walden
Baron Howard de Walden is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created by writ of summons in 1597 by Queen Elizabeth I for Admiral Lord Thomas Howard, a younger son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, by his second wife, the Honourable Margaret Audley, daughter of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden.
D406 road
D406 branches off to the southwest from D8 near Prizna towards Prizna ferry port - ferry access to Žigljen, island of Pag (D106). The road is 2.9 km long.

As with all other state roads in Croatia, the D406 is also managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.

D106 road
D106 is a state road connecting the mainland to island of Pag and terminating in Žigljen ferry port, from where Jadrolinija ferries fly to the mainland, docking at Prizna and D406 state road. The road is 73.8 km long.

D106 is the main road route on the island of Pag. The southern terminus of the road is located in Posedarje, at an intersection with D8 state route - the Adriatic Highway. The road uses Pag Bridge as a crossing between the mainland and Pag Island.

The road also comprises an interchange with A1 motorway in Posedarje interchange.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.
Abilene, Kansas
Abilene (pronounced /ˈæbɪliːn/) is a city in and the county seat of Dickinson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 6,460. It is home of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and the Greyhound Hall of Fame.

Dickinson County, Kansas
Dickinson County is a county in Central Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Abilene.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 18,402.  The county was named in honor of Daniel Dickinson, a U.S. Senator from New York that was a Kansas statehood advocate.
Abdullah Ghaznavi
Abdullah Ghaznavi (1811 – 15 February 1881) was an Afghan Islamic scholar and pietist. A pupil of Sayyid Nazir Husain, he was exiled from his native Ghazni, Afghanistan on account of his adherence to and propagation of Ahl-i Hadith doctrines and had settled in Amritsar, Punjab, where he soon began attracting his own circle of students and admirers.

According to political scientist Dietrich Reetz, Abdullah Ghaznavi represented the ascetic tradition within the leadership of the early Ahl-i Hadith movement in contrast to those who reflected the sect's increasing popularity among the urban elites. Among Abdullah's sons was Abdul Jabbar Ghaznavi.

Syed Nazeer Husain
Syed Nazeer Husain Dehlawi (1805 – 13 October 1902) was an Islamic scholar and leader of the reformist Ahl-i Hadith movement in India. Earning the appellation shaykh al-kull (teacher of all, or the shaykh of all knowledge) for his authority among early Ahl-i Hadith scholars, he is regarded, alongside Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832–1890), as the founder of the movement and has been described as "perhaps the single most influential figure in the spread of the Ahl-i-Ḥadīth".
Union of Vietnamese Student Associations of Southern California
The Union of the Vietnamese Student Associations of Southern California (Vietnamese:Tổng Hội Sinh Viên Việt Nam Nam Cali, often abbreviated as UVSA) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, non-partisan, community-based and youth-oriented organization designed to provide a united voice for Vietnamese American youth. While based in Little Saigon, organization is a cumulative organization of Vietnamese Student Associations at various Southern California universities and colleges. Its programs include the promotion and retention of Vietnamese language and culture among the Vietnamese youth community, especially through the inter-school support of the Vietnamese Culture Shows, fostering social networking among the different VSAs and participation in the philanthropic work of the Vietnamese community.

Union of North American Vietnamese Student Associations
The Union of North American Vietnamese Student Associations (UNAVSA) (Vietnamese: Liên Hội Sinh Viên Việt Nam Bắc Mỹ Châu) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, community-based organization founded in 2004 as a means for Vietnamese organizations from across North America to network, share common resources, collaborate with one another to build strong sustainable communities, and engage in philanthropic work.

The elected Executive Board consists of a President, Internal Vice President, External Vice President, Treasurer, and Secretary. Executive Board terms last two years. There are two other main staffing departments that are one-year roles: Cabinet and Conference. The Cabinet general committees include Alumni Relations, Civic Engagement, Information Technology, Marketing and Public Relations, Sponsorship and Development, VSAcademy, Community Safety, and Collective Philanthropy Project.
Van Vigyan Kendra
Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) or Forest Science Centres (FSC) has been established by Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India. It intends to help disseminate various technologies developed by farmers, forest based industries and forest research institutes.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry. The ministry portfolio is currently held by Bhupender Yadav.

The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution; Indian Himalayan Environment and its sustainable development; afforestation, and land degradation mitigation. It is responsible for the administration of the national parks of India.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services.
Trams in Newcastle, New South Wales
The Newcastle Tram System was an extensive network that operated between Newcastle and the outer suburb of Wallsend from 1887 to 1950. At its peak the line extended from the city to Speers Point and West Wallsend. The service was rarely profitable, and low utilisation for a variety of reasons including the convenience of buses led to it closing and the tracks being removed.

West Wallsend Steam Tram Line
The West Wallsend Steam Tram Line in Australia was an extension of the tram line from Newcastle, New South Wales to Wallsend, New South Wales. Construction of the tram line began in April 1909 and opened for passenger services on 19 December 1910. The route from Newcastle to West Wallsend was 25 km (16 mi) long and took about one and a half hours. The line was standard gauge and the tram was powered by a steam motor which hauled two passenger cars or carriages.
Thomas Vaux, 2nd Baron Vaux of Harrowden
Thomas Vaux, 2nd Baron Vaux of Harrowden KB (/ˈvɔːks/ VAWKS; 25 April 1509 – October 1556), English poet, was the eldest son of Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux and his second wife, Anne Green, daughter of Sir Thomas Green, Lord of Nortons Green, and Joan Fogge. He was educated at Cambridge University. His mother was the maternal aunt of Queen Consort Katherine Parr, while his wife, Elizabeth Cheney, was her paternal cousin through Katherine's father's sister, Anne Parr.

Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden
Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden (/ˈvɔːks/ VAWKS; c. 1460 – 14 May 1523) was a soldier and courtier in England and an early member of the House of Commons. He was the son of Lancastrian loyalists William Vaux of Harrowden and Katherine Penyson (or Peniston as she is sometimes called in later sources), a lady of the household of Queen Margaret of Anjou, wife of the Lancastrian king, Henry VI of England. Katherine was a daughter of Gregorio Panizzone of Courticelle (modern Cortiglione), in Piedmont, Italy which was at that time subject to King René of Anjou, father of Queen Margaret of Anjou, as ruler of Provence. He grew up during the years of Yorkist rule and later served under the founder of the Tudor dynasty, Henry VII.
Jeanne Duval
Jeanne Duval (French pronunciation: [ʒan dyval]; c. 1820-1870s) was a French-born actress and courtesan of French and Caribbean descent. She was a key muse and longtime, tumultuous partner of poet and art critic Charles Baudelaire, with whom she had an on-and-off-again relationship spanning two decades.

Charles Baudelaire
Charles-Pierre Baudelaire (UK: /ˈboʊdəlɛər/; US: /ˌboʊd(ə)ˈlɛər/; French: [ʃaʁl(ə) bodlɛʁ] ⓘ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics, and are based on observations of real life.

His most famous work, a book of lyric poetry titled Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil), expresses the changing nature of beauty in the rapidly industrialising Paris caused by Haussmann's renovation of Paris during the mid-19th century. Baudelaire's original style of prose-poetry influenced a generation of poets including Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé. He coined the term modernity (modernité) to designate the fleeting experience of life in an urban metropolis, and the responsibility of artistic expression to capture that experience. Marshall Berman has credited Baudelaire as being the first Modernist.
Buhturi
Al-Walīd ibn Ubaidillah Al-Buḥturī (Arabic: أبو الوليد بن عبيدالله البحتري التنوخي, romanized: al-Walīd ibn `Ubayd Allāh al-Buhturī) (821–97 AD; 206–84 AH) was an Arab poet born at Manbij in Islamic Syria, between Aleppo and the Euphrates. Like Abū Tammām (ابو تمام), he was of the tribe of Tayy, from the Buhturids.

Abu Tammam
Ḥabīb ibn Aws al-Ṭā’ī (حبيب بن أوس الطائي; ca. 796/807 - 845), better known by his sobriquet Abū Tammām (أبو تمام), was an Arab Muslim poet. He is well known for compiling the Hamasah, which is considered to be one of the greatest anthologies of Arabic literature ever assembled. The Hamasah contained 10 books of poems, with 884 poems in total.
Russian submarine AG-11
The Russian submarine AG-11 was an AG-class submarine, designed by the American Holland Torpedo Boat Company/Electric Boat Company, built for the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. The submarine was fabricated in Canada, shipped to Russia and reassembled for service with the Baltic Fleet.

American Holland-class submarine
The American Holland-class submarines, also AG class or A class, were Holland 602 type submarines used by the Imperial Russian and Soviet Navies in the early 20th century. The small submarines participated in the World War I Baltic Sea and Black Sea theatres and a handful of them also saw action during World War II.
House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga (US: /ɡənˈzɑːɡə, ɡɒn-, -ˈzæɡ-/; Italian: [ɡonˈdzaːɡa]) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga-Nevers), and one became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Marie Louise Gonzaga).

Eleonora Gonzaga (born 1630)
Eleonora Gonzaga (18 November 1630 – 6 December 1686) was by birth Princess of Mantua, Nevers and Rethel from the Nevers branch of the House of Gonzaga, and was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia by marriage to Emperor Ferdinand III.

Nicknamed the Younger (de: Jüngere) to distinguish herself from her namesake grandaunt, she was considered one of the most educated and virtuous women of her time. Fascinated by religious poetry, she founded a literary academy and was also a patron of musical theater. As Holy Roman Empress, she promoted the development of cultural and spiritual life at the Imperial court in Vienna, and despite being a staunch Catholic and benefactress of several monasteries, she had a tolerant attitude towards Protestantism.

She established two female orders: the Order of Virtuosity (1662) and the Order of the Starry Cross (1668).
Sarah Finnegan
Sarah Cruz Finnegan (born November 14, 1996) is an American artistic gymnast and was an alternate for the 2012 Summer Olympics Gymnastics team.  She competed for the Louisiana State Lady Tigers at the collegiate level, and was the 2017 and 2019 NCAA champion on uneven bars.  She is the older sister of Aleah Finnegan.

Aleah Finnegan
Aleah Cruz Finnegan (born January 4, 2003) is a Filipino-American artistic gymnast. Born in the United States, she represents the Philippines internationally and competed for her country of birth in the past. She was a member of the United States' women's national gymnastics team from 2019 to 2021 and was part of the team that won gold at the 2019 Pan American Games. She is the first Filipina gymnast in over 60 years to qualify and represent the Philippines at the 2024 Summer Olympics. She is the 2023 Asian Championships vault and balance beam bronze medalist and the 2021 Southeast Asian Games team and vault champion. She also competed for the LSU Tigers gymnastics team and is the 2024 NCAA floor exercise champion.
New Zealand Cadet Corps
The New Zealand Cadet Corps (also known as Army Cadets and NZCC) is one of the three corps in the New Zealand Cadet Forces, the other two being the Air Training Corps, and Sea Cadet Corps. There is no reference to the Army within the official title of the NZCC, but an army theme is used for the NZCC. All of its members, from the cadets themselves to the officers and the support committees are civilian volunteers. Members have no obligation to head into the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF); however, some do choose to join the NZDF.

The modern New Zealand Cadet Forces has seen the former School Cadets transform into the "New Zealand Cadet Corps" and integrated with the New Zealand Air Training Corps and New Zealand Sea Cadet Corps. The New Zealand Cadet Corps has strengthened its ties with the New Zealand Army, with units of the New Zealand Army directly sponsoring and supporting individual Cadet Corps units.

New Zealand Cadet Forces
The New Zealand Cadet Forces (Cadet Forces or NZCF) is a voluntary military-style training organisation for New Zealand youth between the ages of 13 and 21. Run in partnership with the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) and local community organisations. Through its three branches, the New Zealand Cadet Forces provide young adults with a four-year training curriculum, while a number of local, area, and national camps and courses provide further experience and qualifications. It is jointly funded by the Ministry of Defence, the Royal New Zealand Returned Services' Association, local communities, and the Associated charities belonging to each branch (CCANZ, SCANZ, ATCANZ). Overall it is directed by Air Marshal Kevin Short, Chief of Defence Force. Cadets are not under any obligation to join the New Zealand Defence Force, however many choose to do so upon turning 18 years old.
Puerto Rico Commissioner of Safety and Public Protection
The Puerto Rico Commissioner of Safety and Public Protection (Spanish: Comisionado de Seguridad y Protección Pública) is the Cabinet-level officer of the executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico that leads the Commission on Safety and Public Protection and, as such, coordinates, manages, and oversees all the public safety agencies and related private organizations in Puerto Rico. The Commissioner is appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent from the Senate and can only be selected from those holding the position of Adjutant General, Fire Chief, Police Superintendent, or Director of the State Agency for Emergency and Disaster Management. The office was abolish with the creation of the Puerto Rico Department of Public Safety.

Puerto Rico Commission on Safety and Public Protection
The Puerto Rico Commission on Safety and Public Protection (Spanish: Comisión de Seguridad y Protección Pública) is the government agency of the executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico that coordinates, manages, and oversees all the public safety agencies and related private organizations in Puerto Rico. The Commission is composed by the Adjutant General, the Fire Chief, the Police Superintendent, and the Director of the State Agency for Emergency and Disaster Management, with one of the aforementioned officers presiding it as the Commissioner of Safety and Public Protection.
Shepetivka Raion
Shepetivka Raion (Ukrainian: Шепетівський район) is a raion in Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Shepetivka. Its population is 276,735 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Shepetivka Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Bilohiria, Iziaslav, Polonne, and Slavuta Raions, as well as the cities of Netishyn, Slavuta, and Shepetivka, which were previously incorporated as a cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Shepetivka Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 32,100 (2020 est.).

It was established in 1923. 1 urban-type settlement (Hrytsiv) and 68 villages were located in Shepetivka Raion until 2020.

Polonne Raion
Polonne Raion (Ukrainian: Полонський район) was a raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Polonne. It was established in 1923. 1 city (Polonne), 1 urban-type settlement and 45 villages were located in Polonne Raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Polonne Raion was merged into Shepetivka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 42,649 (2020 est.)
Wowowee
Wowowee (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˌwaː.wɐˈwiː]) is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by ABS-CBN, The show underwent three iterations with Willie Revillame serving as main host for its first two seasons which ran from February 5, 2005 to February 4, 2006 replacing MTB Ang Saya Saya before being replaced by Alay sa Kapamilya in the wake of the ULTRA stampede; and from March 11, 2006 to May 4, 2010 replacing Alay sa Kapamilya.

After a period without a main host from May 5 to May 13, 2010, guest-hosts were fielded by ABS-CBN for two-week shifts until Wowowee's cancellation on July 30, 2010 and replacement by Pilipinas Win Na Win,

All iterations of the program aired Mondays to Saturdays at 12:00 pm as with Pilipinas,  Game KNB? serving as the network's 10:30 AM lead-in until October 24, 2009 when It’s Showtime took over.

PhilSports Stadium stampede
On February 4, 2006, a crowd crush occurred at the PhilSports Stadium in Pasig, Metro Manila, in the Philippines. The crush occurred hours before the first anniversary event of the noontime variety show Wowowee, where 30,000 people had been waiting outside to participate. It killed 73 people and wounded 400 others. The victims include mainly elderly and middle-aged women.
Marc Tierney
Marc Peter Tierney (born 23 August 1985) is an English former professional footballer. Predominantly a left-back, Tierney could play in other positions, such as centre-back. His brother Paul is also a retired professional footballer.

A graduate of the Oldham Athletic Academy where he made his debut in 2003, he also played for Carlisle United, Shrewsbury Town, Colchester United, Norwich City, and Bolton Wanderers.

Paul Tierney (footballer)
Paul Thomas Tierney (born 15 September 1982) is a former professional footballer who played as a left-back. His brother Marc is also a former professional footballer. Born in England, he represented the Republic of Ireland U21 team.
Anti-Moiety Acts
President Ulysses S. Grant signed a series of laws during his first and second terms that limited the number of special tax agents and prevented or reduced the collection of delinquent taxes under a commissions or moiety system. The public outcry over the Sanborn incident caused the Grant administration to abolish the practice of appointing special treasury agents to collect commissions or moieties on delinquent taxes.

Sanborn incident
The Sanborn incident or Sanborn contract was an American political scandal which occurred in 1874. William Adams Richardson, President Ulysses S. Grant's Secretary of the Treasury, hired a private citizen, John B. Sanborn, a former Union general, to collect $427,000 in unpaid taxes. Richardson agreed Sanborn could keep half of what he collected. After extorting money from companies to pay back taxes by falsely making claims of tax evasion, Sanborn kept $213,000, of which $156,000 went to his various assistants. After an investigation by the Treasury Department discovered the corruption, President Grant signed legislation making the practice illegal.
Bishop Wordsworth's School
Bishop Wordsworth's School is a Church of England boys' grammar school in Salisbury, Wiltshire for boys aged 11 to 18. It was granted academy status in 2011 and is an Additional Member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. It is within the grounds of Salisbury Cathedral, adjacent to the Cathedral School.

Sixth form teaching was in collaboration with South Wilts Grammar School for Girls until June 2020; from September 2020 the school admitted girls direct to its sixth form, with 45 joining Year 12.

The school's full name is Bishop Wordsworth's Church of England Grammar School, shortened to BWS. It is known colloquially as Bishop's, and its students as Bishop's Boys. The school's motto is Veritas in Caritate, taken from the Latin text of Ephesians 4:15:  "(Speaking the) truth in love".

South Wilts Grammar School
South Wilts Grammar School, formerly South Wilts Grammar School for Girls, is a grammar school in Salisbury, south Wiltshire, England, for pupils aged 11 to 18. Established in 1927, the school converted to an academy in 2011. In 2020, the name was changed to South Wilts Grammar School to reflect the admission of male students into the sixth form in September of that year.
Cannonball Adderley
Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley (September 15, 1928 – August 8, 1975) was an American jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s.

Adderley is perhaps best remembered by the general public for the 1966 soul jazz single "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy", which was written for him by his keyboardist Joe Zawinul and became a major crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts. A cover version by the Buckinghams, who added lyrics, also reached No. 5 on the charts. Adderley worked with Miles Davis, first as a member of the Davis sextet, appearing on the seminal records Milestones (1958) and Kind of Blue (1959), and then on his own 1958 album Somethin' Else. He was the elder brother of jazz trumpeter Nat Adderley, who was a longtime member of his band.

Nat Adderley
Nathaniel Carlyle Adderley (November 25, 1931 – January 2, 2000) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. He was the younger brother of saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" Adderley, with whom he played for many years.

Adderley's composition "Work Song" (1960) is a jazz standard, and also became a success on the pop charts after singer Oscar Brown Jr. wrote lyrics for it.