hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hilary Koprowski
Hilary Koprowski (5 December 1916 – 11 April 2013) was a Polish virologist and immunologist active in the United States who demonstrated the world's first effective live polio vaccine. He authored or co-authored over 875 scientific papers and co-edited several scientific journals.

Koprowski received many academic honors and national decorations, including the Belgian Order of the Lion, the French Order of Merit and Legion of Honour, Finland's Order of the Lion, and the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland.

Koprowski was the target of accusations in the press related to the "oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis", which posited that the AIDS pandemic originated from live polio vaccines developed by Koprowski in the Belgian Congo. This hypothesis was challenged on numerous grounds, and scientists largely rejected it.

Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis
The oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis (OPV AIDS) is a largely discredited hypothesis which argued the AIDS pandemic originated from live polio vaccines prepared in chimpanzee tissue cultures, accidentally contaminated with simian immunodeficiency virus and then administered to up to one million Africans between 1957 and 1960 in experimental mass vaccination campaigns.

Though a small number of experts initially thought this hypothesis was plausible, later data analyses in molecular biology and phylogenetic studies contradict the OPV AIDS hypothesis. Scientific consensus regards the hypothesis as lacking evidence or disproven. A 2004 Nature article has described the hypothesis as "refuted".
Martín Echegoyen
Martín Ricardo Echegoyen (3 April 1891 in Montevideo – 18 May 1974 in Montevideo) was a Uruguayan political figure. In the years 1959 to 1960 he was the president of the Uruguayan National Council of Government.

National Council of Government (Uruguay)
The National Council of Government (Spanish: Consejo Nacional de Gobierno) was the ruling body in Uruguay between 1952 and 1967. It consisted of nine members, of which six were from the party that received the most votes in general elections, and three from the runner-up party. Generally known as the colegiado system, it had previously existed as the National Council of Administration (Spanish: Consejo Nacional de Administración) between 1918 and 1933.
Karenic languages
The Karen (/kəˈrɛn/ kə-REN) or Karenic languages are tonal languages spoken by some 4.5 million Karen people. They are of unclear affiliation within the Sino-Tibetan languages.  The Karen languages are written using the Karen script. The three main branches are Sgaw (commonly known as Karen), Pwo and Pa'O. Karenni (also known as Kayah or Red Karen) and Kayan (also known as Padaung) are a branch of Karen languages. They are unusual among the Sino-Tibetan languages in having a subject–verb–object word order; other than Karen, Bai and the Chinese languages, Sino-Tibetan languages have a subject–object–verb order. This is likely due to influence from neighboring Mon and Tai languages.

Pa'O language
The Pa'O language (also spelled Pa-O or Pa-oh; Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ, listenⓘ; Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းဘာသာ), sometimes called Taungthu, is a Karenic language spoken by close to 900,000 Pa'O people in Myanmar. Although spoken in both northern and southern parts of the areas covered by the Karenic languages, Pa-O is typically classified as a Northern Karenic language alongside the Kayan language.

The language is primarily written using a Mon-Burmese script devised by Christian missionaries, and many of the materials now available for it on the Internet derive from Christian missionary involvement, although most of the Pa'O are generally reported to be Buddhists.

The language is also referred to by the exonyms "Black Karen" and "White Karen", both of which are terms originally based on traditional clothing colours used in contrast to "Red Karen" (Karenni), also of Myanmar. While most of the community resides in Myanmar, a small number settled across the Thai border as early as 1837.
Grille (car)
In automotive engineering, a grille covers an opening in the body of a vehicle to allow air to enter or exit. Most vehicles feature a grille at the front of the vehicle to protect the radiator. Merriam-Webster describes grilles as "a grating forming a barrier or screen; especially: an ornamental one at the front end of an automobile." The word 'grille' is commonly misspelled as 'grill' which instead refers to the cooking method. Other common grille locations include below the front bumper, in front of the wheels (to cool the brakes), in the cowl for cabin ventilation, or on the rear deck lid (in rear engine vehicles). Grilles evolved from previously installed gravel shields that were designed to protect exposed radiators typically used on cars until the early 1930s.

Bumper (car)
A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally minimizing repair costs. Stiff metal bumpers appeared on automobiles as early as 1904 that had a mainly ornamental function. Numerous developments, improvements in materials and technologies, as well as greater focus on functionality for protecting vehicle components and improving safety have changed bumpers over the years. Bumpers ideally minimize height mismatches between vehicles and protect pedestrians from injury. Regulatory measures have been enacted to reduce vehicle repair costs and, more recently, impact on pedestrians.
Iskaskunikaw River
The Iskaskunikaw River is a tributary of the Pauschikushish Ewiwach River in Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, Canadian province of Quebec, Canada.

The Iskaskunikaw River hydrographic slope is served by the northern route from Matagami to 3.0 kilometres (1.9 mi) South of the mouth of the head lake of the Iskaskunikaw River. The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Pauschikushish Ewiwach River
The Pauschikushish River Ewiwach is a tributary of Dana Lake (Eeyou Istchee Baie-James) in Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the Canadian province of Quebec, in Canada.

The hydrographic slope of the “Pauschikushish Ewiwach River” does not have a nearby access road; however, the northern route from Matagami passes 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of a curve of the “Pauschikushish Ewiwach River”. The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.
Mari Apache
Mariella Balbuena Torres (born October 19, 1979) is a Mexican luchadora, or female professional wrestler, best known under the ring name Mari Apache (sometimes written as "Mary Apache"). She is the daughter of luchador Gran Apache and the sister of luchadora Faby Apache. She has wrestled for an extended period of time in Japan but is best known for working in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide along with her father and sister. She is a former one-time AAA Reina de Reinas Champion and a two-time AAA World Mixed Tag Team Champion, having held the title with her father and Halloween. Torres has previously wrestled under the ring name Princesa Apache and as the enmascarada (masked) characters Love and Lady Venum.

Halloween (wrestler)
Manuel Ortiz Partida (born May 22, 1971) is a Mexican retired professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Halloween. He is also known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling as Ciclope from 1996 to 1999.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na and structure H3C−(CH2)11−O−S(=O)2−O−Na+. It is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. This compound is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate. Its hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" give the compound amphiphilic properties that make it useful as a detergent.  SDS is also component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils. SDS is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.

Organosulfate
In organosulfur chemistry, organosulfates are a class of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the structure R−O−SO−3.  The SO4 core is a sulfate group and the R group is any organic residue. All organosulfates are formally esters derived from alcohols and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) although many are not prepared in this way.  Many sulfate esters are used in detergents, and some are useful reagents.  Alkyl sulfates consist of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain, a polar sulfate group (containing an anion) and either a cation or amine to neutralize the sulfate group.  Examples include: sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sulfuric acid mono dodecyl ester sodium salt) and related potassium and ammonium salts.
Gradski stadion (Bijelo Polje)
Gradski stadion is a football stadium in Bijelo Polje, Montenegro. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FK Jedinstvo, FK Tekstilac and OFK Borac. The stadium holds 4,000 people.

FK Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje
Fudbalski klub Jedinstvo (Montenegrin: Фудбалски клуб Јединство), known as Jedinstvo Franca for sponsorship reasons, is football club from Bijelo Polje, Montenegro, currently competing in the Montenegrin First League. The club was established in 1922.
Mercury cadmium telluride
Hg1−xCdxTe or mercury cadmium telluride (also cadmium mercury telluride, MCT, MerCad Telluride, MerCadTel, MerCaT or CMT) is a chemical compound of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and mercury telluride (HgTe) with a tunable bandgap spanning the shortwave infrared to the very long wave infrared regions.

The amount of cadmium (Cd) in the alloy can be chosen so as to tune the optical absorption of the material to the desired infrared wavelength. 
CdTe is a semiconductor with a bandgap of approximately 1.5 eV at room temperature. HgTe is a semimetal, which means that its bandgap energy is zero. Mixing these two substances allows one to obtain any bandgap between 0 and 1.5 eV.

Cadmium telluride
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a stable crystalline compound formed from cadmium and tellurium. It is mainly used as the semiconducting material in cadmium telluride photovoltaics and an infrared optical window. It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a p–n junction solar PV cell.
Christina Hale
Christina Hale (born July 17, 1971) is an American politician and former State Representative of the 87th District in the Indiana House of Representatives, serving from 2012 to 2016. She previously worked as an executive at Kiwanis. In 2020, she was the Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative for Indiana's 5th congressional district, losing to Victoria Spartz by around 4 points.

Victoria Spartz
Victoria Spartz (née Kulheyko; born October 6, 1978) is a Ukrainian-born American politician and businesswoman who is the U.S. representative for Indiana's 5th congressional district. Spartz is a member of the Republican Party, but declined receiving any Republican committee assignments. She previously represented the 20th district in the Indiana Senate.
Webster, New York
Webster is a town in the northeastern corner of Monroe County, New York, United States. The town is named after orator and statesman Daniel Webster. The population was 45,327 at the 2020 census, up from 42,641 in 2010. The town contains a village also named Webster. It is located in the Rochester Metropolitan Area.

Webster (village), New York
Webster is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 5,651 at the time of the 2020 census. The village and town are named after orator and statesman Daniel Webster. The village was incorporated in 1905.
The Kingkiller Chronicle
The Kingkiller Chronicle is a planned fantasy trilogy by the American writer Patrick Rothfuss. The first two books, The Name of the Wind and The Wise Man's Fear, were released in 2007 and 2011. The books released in the series have sold over 10 million copies.

The series centers on a man named Kvothe, an infamous adventurer and musician telling his life story to a scribe. The book is told in a "story-within-a-story" format: a frame narrative relates the present day in which Kvothe runs an inn under an assumed name and is told in omniscient third person. The main plot, making up the majority of the books and concerning the actual details of Kvothe's life, is told in the first person. The series also contains metafictional stories within stories from varying perspectives that tie to the main plot in various ways.

The Wise Man's Fear
The Wise Man's Fear is a fantasy novel written by American author Patrick Rothfuss and the second volume in The Kingkiller Chronicle. It was published on March 1, 2011, by DAW Books. It is the sequel to 2007's The Name of the Wind.
Pitcaithly's railway station
Pitcaithly’s railway station and siding was a station on the Hutt Valley Line section of the Wairarapa Line in New Zealand north of Melling, which ran up the western side of the valley until 1954. It was replaced by Andrews railway station in 1938.

Andrews railway station
Andrews Railway Station was a station on the Hutt Valley Line section of the Wairarapa Line in New Zealand. The line ran up the western side of the valley until 28 February 1954 when the Melling-Belmont section of the line closed.

Andrews was north of Melling and the Belmont stations, but south of Gosse & Co’s siding, on the closed section of line.
Dunblane railway station
Dunblane railway station serves the town of Dunblane, in central Scotland. It is a stop on the former Scottish Central Railway, between Stirling and Perth, and opened with the line in 1848. It is the northernmost station on the National Rail network to be electrified.

Perth railway station (Scotland)
Perth railway station serves the city of Perth, Scotland. It lies on both the Glasgow–Dundee line and the Highland Main Line. It is managed by ScotRail, which provides the majority of services, with London North Eastern Railway and the Caledonian Sleeper. It is sited 151 miles 25 chains (243.5 km) from Carlisle, via Stirling, Cumbernauld and Motherwell; and 86 miles 77 chains (140 km) from Edinburgh Waverley, via Kirkcaldy and Inverkeithing.
Agencia Espacial Española
The Agencia Espacial Española (AEE; Spanish Space Agency) is an agency of the Spanish government responsible for the Spanish space program. The agency was officially announced on 27 May 2021 and it became operational in 20 April 2023.

This new agency aims to group in a single body all the space powers of the General State Administration, mainly those of the National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA, created in 1942) and the Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI, created in 1977).

National Institute for Aerospace Technology
The National Institute for Aerospace Technology "Esteban Terradas" (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial «Esteban Terradas» or INTA) is an autonomous agency of the Spanish public administration dependent on the Secretariat of State for Defence (SEDEF). It is responsible for the aerospace, aeronautics, hydrodynamics, and defense and security technologies research.

The INTA was established in 1942, as the National Institute of Aeronautical Technology (Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeronáutica), and it was integrated in the Ministry of the Air. It has its headquarters in Torrejón de Ardoz, near Madrid.
Mudslinger (bull)
Mudslinger #790 (1997–2012) was an American bucking bull. He was the 2006 Professional Bull Riders (PBR) World Champion Bull. He began his bucking career at age three. His owners retired him after the 2006 season ended, while he was still in his peak. He died in 2012 when he was almost 15 years old. His owners buried him on their ranch. In 2017, the PBR honored him with the Brand of Honor.

In 2023, Mudslinger was ranked No. 8 on the list of the top 30 bulls in PBR history.

Professional Bull Riders: Heroes and Legends
The Professional Bull Riders Heroes and Legends celebration honors five divisions in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) and Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA), including the best bucking bulls.
Squatting in Scotland
Squatting in Scotland is criminalised by the Trespass Act 1865. Following the Highland Clearances, land raids occurred across rural Scotland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, for example in Vatersay and Knoydart. More recently there have been land occupations as both road protests and as part of the Occupy movement. Baile Hoose was occupied during the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow.

Trespass (Scotland) Act 1865
The Trespass (Scotland) Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. 56) is an act of Parliament in the United Kingdom.

The act creates a criminal offence of trespass in Scotland in certain circumstances and applies a penalty which has been amended by the Criminal Justice Act 1982 to that of a fine not exceeding Level 1 on the standard scale for violation. As of 2011, this was £200.

The act applies to a wide variety of private property, although only to lodging, squatting and encampment on such property. Between 2005 and 2010, there were 26 convictions.
Trolls Holiday
Trolls Holiday is an American animated musical Christmas special that premiered on NBC on November 24, 2017. Based on the film Trolls, the half-hour Christmas special was directed by Joel Crawford and produced by DreamWorks Animation. The main cast all reprised their roles as their respective characters, most notably Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, and Zooey Deschanel as Poppy, Branch, and Bridget, respectively. Another special with the same theme, but with another plot, Trolls: Holiday in Harmony, aired on November 26, 2021, on NBC.

Trolls: Holiday in Harmony
Trolls: Holiday in Harmony is a 2021 American animated musical Christmas special that premiered on NBC on November 26, 2021. Based on DreamWorks Animation's Trolls franchise, this was the second one to be based on the franchise following Trolls Holiday, written and directed by Sean Charmatz and Tim Heitz (in their official directorial debuts) and, as of 2025, the most recent television special from DreamWorks Animation.

A majority of the cast from the two movies reprise their respective roles, including Anna Kendrick, Justin Timberlake, Rachel Bloom, and Kenan Thompson; likewise, Lauren Mayhew and Megan Hilty reprise their respective roles as Val Thundershock and Holly Darlin' from TrollsTopia. The special features famous actress and comedian Carol Burnett as the voice of Wind Breeze.
Saminaga Shrine
Saminaga Shrine is a shrine under the jurisdiction of Izawa-no-miya, which is an auxiliary shrine of the Ise Inner Shrine. It is dedicated to Toshigami, one of the kami of the Shinto pantheon. Saminaga Gomae Shrine is also located in the same grounds as the Saminaga Shrine.

Izawa-no-miya
Izawa-no-miya (伊雑宮) is a Shinto shrine in the Kaminogō neighborhood of Isobe in the city of Shima in Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines claiming the title of ichinomiya of former Shima Province. Together with the Takihara-no-miya (瀧原宮) in Taiki, it is one of the Amaterasu-Ōkami no Tonomiya (天照大神の遙宮), or external branches of the Inner Shrine of the Ise Grand Shrine.
The Shadowmancer Returns: The Curse of Salamander Street
Children's literature portal

The Shadowmancer Returns is a children's fantasy novel by G. P. Taylor, published in 2007. It is the fourth novel in Taylor's Shadowmancer series, following Tersias (2005), and a direct sequel to Shadowmancer (2002).

Shadowmancer
Shadowmancer is a fantasy novel by G. P. Taylor, first published privately in 2002. It is a Christian allegory in the form of a fantasy adventure, akin to C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia. Taylor wrote the book to counteract what he saw as a rise in atheist propaganda in children's books such as His Dark Materials. It is the first of four books generally referred to as The Shadowmancer Quartet. The book was a number one best seller in the UK and the US.

Two thematic sequels named Wormwood and Tersias were also released soon after. A direct sequel named The Shadowmancer Returns: The Curse of Salamander Street that follows on where Shadowmancer left off was released in 2007.

The book has garnered some controversy for its negative portrayal of witches and pagans, whom it claims have been tricked by and worship the Devil. Despite this, Taylor claims to be "an authority on Wicca and paganism".
Billy Joe Saunders
Billy Joe Saunders (born 30 August 1989) is a British former professional boxer. He is the first fighter from the Romanichal to win world championships in two weight classes, including the WBO middleweight title from 2015 to 2018 and the WBO super-middleweight title from 2019 to 2021. At regional level, he held the European, British, and Commonwealth middleweight titles between 2012 and 2015. Saunders represented Great Britain at the 2008 Olympics as an amateur, reaching the second round of the welterweight bracket. In the same year, he won gold at the EU Championships.

On 19 December 2015, Saunders made history by competing in the first world title fight contested between two members of the travelling community with his opponent Andy Lee; Saunders won the bout by majority decision to become WBO middleweight champion.

Andy Lee (boxer)
Andy Lee (born 11 June 1984) is an Irish former professional boxer who competed from 2006 to 2017. He held the WBO middleweight title from 2014 to 2015, and in doing so became the first member of the travelling community to win a major world title. He is the second cousin of Former lineal heavyweight champion Tyson Fury. During his professional career, Lee was trained by the late Emmanuel Steward.
War Hill
War Hill (Irish: Cnoc an Bhairr, meaning 'Hill of the summit') at 686 metres (2,251 ft), is the 106th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 129th–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale. War Hill is in the far northeastern section of the Wicklow Mountains, in County Wicklow, Ireland.  Due to its remote setting, it is usually only accessed as part of a larger hill-walking route taking in other neighbouring peaks such as Djouce or Maulin.  One of the few distinguishing landmarks in the area is the Coffin Stone that lies in the saddle between War Hill and Djouce, whose origin is uncertain.

Maulin
Maulin (Irish: Málainn, meaning 'High/sloping ground'), at 570 metres (1,870 ft), is the 272nd–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, however, being below 600 m it does not rank on the Vandeleur-Lynam or Hewitt scales. Maulin is in the far northeastern section of the Wicklow Mountains, at the mouth of Glensoulan Valley; Powerscourt Waterfall lies at its base.

Maulin is accessed from the trails through Crone Woods, a Sitka spruce plantation on its northern slopes; Maulin is also accessible just off the main Wicklow Way. Maulin is often climbed as part of a "loop route" called the Circuit of Glensoulan which starts at Crone Woods car-park, and complete a 16-kilometre loop of Maulin, Tonduff 642 metres (2,106 ft), War Hill 686 metres (2,251 ft), and Djouce 725 metres (2,379 ft), and then returning to Crone Woods car-park.

The Knockree An Óige youth hostel is located at the base of Maulin in Lackandarragh near the village of Enniskerry.