hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journalists of the Balkan Wars
This page lists the known war correspondents, war photographers, war artists, and war cinematographers who were active during the First and Second Balkan Wars.

The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913, and comprised actions of the Balkan League (Serbia, Greece, Montenegro and Bulgaria) against the Ottoman Empire. Montenegro declared war on 8 October and Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece followed suit on 17 October. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of London on 30 May 1913. The Second Balkan War broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 29 June 1913. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest by the three powers on 10 August 1913.

An estimated 200–300 journalists from around the world covered the war in the Balkans in November 1912.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
Manas National Park
Manas National Park is a national park, Project Tiger reserve, and an elephant reserve in Assam, India. Located in the Himalayan foothills, it borders the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan. The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog. It also hosts the only known population of pygmy hogs in the world. Manas is also famous for its population of the wild water buffalo. Because of its exceptional biodiversity, scenery, and variety of habitats, Manas National Park is a biosphere reserve and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Gee's golden langur
Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei), also known as simply the golden langur, is an Old World monkey found in a small region of Western Assam, India and the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan. Long considered sacred by many Himalayan people, the golden langur was first brought to the attention of the Western world by the naturalist Edward Pritchard Gee in the 1950s. Adult males have a cream to golden coat with darker flanks while the females and juveniles are lighter. The golden langur has a black face and a long tail up to 100 cm (39 in) in length. It lives in high trees and has a herbivorous diet of fruits, leaves, seeds, buds, and flowers. The average group size is eight individuals, with a ratio of several females to each adult male. It is one of the most endangered primate species of India and Bhutan.

In 2008–09, there were 6,000 golden langurs in India, which has grown to 7,396 by 2020–21.
Ngwanase Tembe
Prince Ngwanase Tembe (died 1928) was a Chief of Tembe and ruler within the historic Tembe Kingdom on the north-eastern coast of present-day KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and southern Mozambique. He governed the Tembe people from 1894 until his death in 1928.
Ngwanase was the son of King Noziyingile Tembe and Queen Zambili Dlamini of the Kingdom of Eswatini. He is widely regarded as the founder of the dominant Ngwanase-Tembe branch of the Tembe royal line, a lineage that emerged following a succession dispute with Prince Makhuza Tembe (son of his father's brother Prince Madingi Tembe), who established the parallel Makhuza-Tembe branch of the chieftaincy.

Ngwanase's family belonged to the broader Tembe-Thonga people, a group with a long-established chiefly lineage in the region that today spans northern KwaZulu Natal and southern Mozambique, an area historically known as Maputaland or the defined Maputaland-Lubombo region.

Noziyingile Tembe
Noziyingile Tembe was a king of the Tembe Kingdom from c.1854 to 1886. He was the father of Chief Ngwanase with Queen Zambili Dlamini.

He descended from the House of Mabudu-Tembe, which traced its ancestry to King Mabudu Tembe, a late 18th-century military ruler who controlled large parts of the coastal and inland regions of Maputaland.
Thomas Wise (died 1630)
Sir Thomas Wise (c. 1576–1630), KB, of Sydenham in the parish of Marystow and of Mount Wise in the parish of Stoke Damerel in Devon, was Sheriff of Devon in 1612 and in 1621 served as a member of parliament for Bere Alston in Devon.

Sydenham House, Devon
Sydenham House (anciently Sidelham, Sidraham, etc.) is a seventeenth-century manor house located in the parish of Marystow in Devon, England. The Grade I listed building is situated about thirteen miles south-west of Okehampton, on a 1,200 acres (490 ha) estate. It was built by Sir Thomas Wise (d.1629) between 1600 and 1612, incorporating an older structure. It was partially destroyed by fire in 2012. The gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Victor Obinna
Victor Nsofor ObinnaListenⓘ (born 25 March 1987) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Obinna in Igbo, literally means "father's heart". He played for Chievo in Italy's Serie B, having played regularly in Serie A with the club until their relegation in 2007. He made his full international debut for Nigeria at the 2006 African Cup of Nations, scoring once in three appearances as his side were eliminated in the semi-finals.

Nigeria national football team
The Nigeria national football team represents Nigeria in international men's football. Governed by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF), they are three-time Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) winners, with their most recent title in 2013. In February 2024, the Nigerian national football team was ranked 28th in the FIFA rankings. The team has qualified for six of the last nine FIFA World Cups, missing only the 2006, 2022 and 2026 tournaments. They have reached the round of 16 on three occasions. Their first World Cup appearance was in the 1994 edition. The team is a member of FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
CHLO (AM)
CHLO (530 AM) is a commercial radio station in Brampton, Ontario, serving Greater Toronto. It is owned by Evanov Communications and broadcasts a multilingual format. Most programming is Punjabi with other languages of South Asia. Some Italian, German, Croatian, Tagalog, Bulgarian, and Spanish language shows are heard on weekends. CHLO's radio studios and offices are on Dundas Street West in the Eatonville neighbourhood of Toronto.

By day, CHLO transmits with 1,000 watts non-directional; due to restrictions placed on the frequency by international treaty, it reduces power at night to 250 watts. The transmitter is on Sixth Line in Halton Hills. CHLO is one of only a few commercial radio stations in North America broadcasting on 530 kHz.

CFNY-FM
CFNY-FM (102.1 MHz, "102.1 The Edge") is a radio station licensed to Brampton, Ontario. Owned by Corus Entertainment, the station broadcasts a modern rock format serving the Greater Toronto Area. Its studios are in downtown Toronto at Corus Quay on Toronto's Harbourfront, and its transmitter is located atop the CN Tower.
Chakpa Lamlang Amaipi
Chakpa Lamlang Amaipi (ꯆꯛꯄꯥ ꯂꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯄꯤ), also known as Chakpa Lamlang Amaibi (ꯆꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯝꯂꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯕꯤ), is a priestess (Amaibi) mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work Numit Kappa ("The Shooting Down of the Sun"). Portrayed as a high priestess of immense wisdom and divine authority, she plays an important role in restoring light to a darkened world by requesting the hiding sun Numitsana Khomadon to return to his former place. Her intervention shows the spiritual leadership of priestesses in early Meitei society.

Numitsana Khomadon
Numitsana Khomadon (ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯁꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯗꯣꯟ), also known poetically as Sana Khomadon (ꯁꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯗꯣꯟ) or Nongpok Touring Leimacha (ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃꯆꯥ), was the younger of the two suns, who once simultaneously illuminated the world, in Meitei mythology, folklore and religion. He is mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work Numit Kappa ("The Shooting Down of the Sun"). His retreat and eventual return mark the emotional and symbolic climax of the narrative epic, showing the restoration of cosmic order and the triumph of compassion and renewal over fear and destruction. In Meitei culture, the return of one sun as a singular, life-giving force is celebrated symbolically. His story continues to be recited and referenced in ritual performances, folklore, traditional solar symbolism in Meitei cosmology.
Deptford Bridge DLR station
Deptford Bridge is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station in Deptford, London in England. The station is elevated above both local roads and Deptford Creek, and is adjacent to Lewisham College and Deptford market.

River Ravensbourne
The River Ravensbourne is a tributary of the River Thames in south London, England. It flows north from near Bromley into the tidal River Thames at Deptford, where its tidal reach is known as Deptford Creek.
Salzburg Festival
The Salzburg Festival (German: Salzburger Festspiele) is a prominent festival of music and drama established in 1920. It is held each summer, for five weeks starting in late July, in Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's operas are a focus of the festival; one highlight is the annual performance of Hofmannsthal's play Jedermann (Everyman).

Since 1967, an annual Salzburg Easter Festival has also been held, organized by a separate organization.

Jedermann (play)
Jedermann. Das Spiel vom Sterben des reichen Mannes (Everyman. The play of the rich man's death) is a play by the Austrian playwright Hugo von Hofmannsthal. It is based on several medieval mystery plays, including the late 15th-century English morality play Everyman. It was first performed on 1 December 1911 in Berlin, directed by Max Reinhardt at the Circus Schumann. Since 1920, it has been performed regularly at the Salzburg Festival.
2002–03 National Division One
The 2002–03 National Division One (for sponsorship reasons known as the Jewson National Division One) was the 16th full season of rugby union within the second tier of the English league system, currently known as the RFU Championship.  New teams to the division included Orrell and Plymouth Albion who were promoted from 2001–02 National Division Two while no team was relegated from the 2001–02 Zurich Premiership as Rotherham's ground was not deemed suitable for top flight games.

For the second year in a row Rotherham, were champions, and this year they were promoted to the Zurich Premiership for season 2003–04 with Worcester finishing as runners–up for the third consecutive season. Moseley and Rugby were relegated to the 2003–04 National Division Two.

Rotherham Titans
Rotherham Rugby Union Football Club, or Rotherham Titans is a rugby union club from Rotherham, South Yorkshire, currently playing in the third tier of the English rugby union league system, following their promotion from the National League 2 North at the end of the 2023–2024 season.

Rotherham achieved multiple promotions within the league structure in the 1990s and early 2000s. This meteoric rise ultimately culminated in two unsuccessful spells in the English Premiership. Rotherham is perhaps best known for the Rugby Football Union blocking its entry into the Premiership, its subsequent legal challenges, and a partially successful appeal to the Office of Fair Trading to break an alleged Premiership cartel.

Rotherham have developed several international players, including David Strettle, Hendre Fourie and Erik Lund.
Radio Victory
Radio Victory was the Independent Local Radio (ILR) station for Portsmouth in southern England. It was launched on 14 October 1975 and served south Hampshire, West Sussex and the Isle of Wight initially until 1986, with various later reincarnations. It took its name from the famous historic ship HMS Victory which is preserved at Portsmouth.

Radio Victory has now been relaunched, and as of 17th October 2025, honours the original incarnation of the radio station by using much of the original branding, programmes, and presenters.

Heart Hampshire
Heart Hampshire (formerly Ocean FM and Ocean Sound) is a British Independent Local Radio station serving South Hampshire, West Sussex (excluding Worthing) and The Isle of Wight primarily for Portsmouth, Southampton, Winchester and Chichester. The station serves an area of England with a high proportion of commuters to London and a higher-than-average disposable income from middle-class families and people over 45. Its target age range is 25–45.
Mark Enverga
Wilfrido Mark McCormick Enverga  (born March 25, 1978) is a Filipino politician serving as a representative for Quezon's 1st congressional district since 2019 and previously from 2007 to 2016. He is a son of former Quezon Governor Wilfrido Enverga.

Quezon's 1st congressional district
Quezon's 1st congressional district is one of the four congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Quezon, formerly Tayabas. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district consists of the city of Tayabas and adjacent municipalities of Burdeos, General Nakar, Infanta, Jomalig, Lucban, Mauban, Pagbilao, Panukulan, Patnanungan, Polillo, Real and Sampaloc. It also included the municipalities of Candelaria, Dolores, Lucena, San Antonio, Sariaya, and Tiaong, and the then-sub-province of Aurora until 1972, as well as the municipalities of Atimonan and Laguimanoc (now Padre Burgos) until they were reapportioned to the second district in 1922. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Wilfrido Mark M. Enverga of the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) and Stand Up Quezon (Stan Q).
Apology (Xenophon)
The Apology of Socrates to the Jury (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολογία Σωκράτους πρὸς τοὺς Δικαστάς), by Xenophon of Athens, is a Socratic dialogue about the legal defence that the philosopher Socrates presented at his trial for the moral corruption of Athenian youth; and for asebeia (impiety) against the pantheon of Athens; judged guilty, Socrates was sentenced to death.

Xenophon’s literary rendition of the defence of Socrates evinces the philosopher’s ethical opinion about a sentence of death: that it is better to die before the onset of senility than to escape death by humbling oneself to an unjust persecution.

The other extant primary source about the persons and events of the Trial of Socrates (399 BC) is the Apology of Socrates, by Plato.

Socratic dialogue
Socratic dialogue (Ancient Greek: Σωκρατικὸς λόγος) is a genre of literary prose developed in Ancient Greece at the turn of the fourth century BC.  The earliest ones are preserved in the works of Plato and Xenophon and all involve Socrates as the protagonist. These dialogues, and subsequent ones in the genre, present a discussion of moral and philosophical problems between two or more individuals illustrating the application of the Socratic method. The dialogues may be either dramatic or narrative. While Socrates is often the main participant, his presence in the dialogue is not essential to the genre.
Toon van Helfteren
Anton J. J. "Toon" van Helfteren (born 20 February 1951) is a Dutch former basketball player and current coach. Van Helfteren played in the Dutch Basketball League from 1971 till 1990. He was the coach of ZZ Leiden from 2008 till 2014. He also was the coach of the Dutch national basketball team for six years, starting in 2013 and ending in 2019.

ZZ Leiden
ZZ Leiden Basketball, also known as Zorg en Zekerheid Leiden, is a professional basketball club based in Leiden, the Netherlands. The club plays in the BNXT League, the domestic first tier league. Their home games are played at Sportcomplex 1574.

ZZ Leiden has won the national championship five times, the NBB Cup four times, the Dutch Supercup a record four times and the BNXT championship twice in a row. Leiden was a European Club Winner's Cup semi-finalist in 1980. They also made the semi-finals of the FIBA Europe Cup in 2022.
Sovereigns of Industry
The Order of the Sovereigns of Industry, established in 1874, was an American mutualist movement targeted at urban workers which attempted to end perceived social ills through the establishment of consumer cooperatives. The organization's form and mission was directly inspired by the Order of Patrons of Husbandry (commonly known as the "National Grange"), a parallel organization established for the benefit of American farmers. After a few years a lengthy and severe financial depression of the American economy caused a net cash flow crisis in the stores associated with the organization beginning in 1878. Deep financial woes forced the dissolution of the Order in 1880.

National Grange
The National Grange, also known as The Grange and officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the Granger Laws to lower rates charged by railroads, and rural free mail delivery by the Post Office.

In 2025, the Grange had a membership of 140,000, with organizations in 1,400 communities. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges continue to serve as a center of rural life for many farming communities.
Marthina Brandt
Marthina Brandt (born January 31, 1992) is a Brazilian actress, tv host, dancer, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Brazil 2015 representing the state of Rio Grande do Sul. With the feat, she competed in the 64th edition of Miss Universe, held on December 20, 2015 in Las Vegas, United States she was among the 15 semifinalists. The gaúcha participated in Miss Rio Grande do Sul 2012 where she lost to Miss Brazil 2012 Gabriela Markus.

She is the 13th in her state to win the title and the 5th winner in less than ten years. She is also the first blonde in ten years to be named Miss Brazil, the last being Carina Beduschi in 2005. She has worked as a model since the age of 13.

Miss Brazil 2015
Miss Brazil 2015 (Portuguese: Miss Brasil 2015), officially Miss Brazil Be Emotion 2015 (Portuguese: Miss Brasil Be Emotion 2015), was the 61st edition of the Miss Brazil pageant. It was held on 18 November 2015 at Citibank Hall in São Paulo, and was hosted by Cássio Reis and Mariana Weickert. Melissa Gurgel of Ceará crowned her successor Marthina Brandt of Rio Grande do Sul at the end of the event. Brandt represented Brazil at the Miss Universe 2015 pageant and placed in the Top 15.
St Monica's Church, Hoxton
St Monica's Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Hoxton, London. It was founded by the Augustinian Friars, built in 1866 and designed by E. W. Pugin. It is located on Hoxton Square. It is a Grade II listed building.

Order of Saint Augustine
The Order of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini), abbreviated OSA, is a mendicant religious order  of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine, written by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century.

They are also commonly known as the Augustinians, Austin friars, or Friars Hermits and, until 1968, as the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini; abbreviated OESA).

The order has, in particular, spread internationally the veneration of the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Mater boni consilii).

In the 2025 papal conclave, Leo XIV was elected as the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine.
Soyen Shaku
Soyen Shaku (釈 宗演, January 10, 1860 – October 29, 1919; written in modern Japanese Shaku Sōen or Kōgaku Shaku Sōen) was the first Zen Buddhist master to teach in the United States. He was a rōshi of the Rinzai school and was abbot of both Kenchō-ji and Engaku-ji temples in Kamakura, Japan. Soyen was a disciple of Imakita Kosen.

Engaku-ji
Zuirokusan Engaku   Kōshō Zenji (瑞鹿山円覚興聖禅寺), or Engaku-ji (円覚寺), is one of the most important Zen Buddhist temple complexes in Japan and is ranked second among Kamakura's Five Mountains. It is situated in the city of Kamakura, in Kanagawa Prefecture to the south of Tokyo.

Founded in 1282 (Kamakura period, the temple maintains the classical Japanese Zen monastic design, and both the Shariden and the Great Bell (大鐘, Ogane) are designated National Treasures. Engaku-ji is one of the twenty-two historic sites included in Kamakura's proposal for inclusion in UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

It is located in Kita-Kamakura, very close to Kita-Kamakura Station on the Yokosuka Line, and indeed the railway tracks cut across the formal entrance to the temple compound, which is by a path beside a pond which is crossed by a small bridge.
Adam Petty
Adam Kyler Petty (July 10, 1980 – May 12, 2000) was an American professional stock car racing driver. A member of the Petty racing family, he was the fourth generation from the Petty family to drive in races in the highest division of NASCAR racing, mostly in what was then known as the NASCAR Busch Series. He was believed to be the first fourth-generation athlete in all of modern American professional sports.

Lee Petty
Lee Arnold Petty (March 14, 1914 – April 5, 2000) was an American stock car racing driver who competed during the 1950s and 1960s. He is the patriarch of the Petty racing family. He was one of the early pioneers of NASCAR and one of its first stars. He was NASCAR's first three-time Cup champion. He is the father of Richard Petty, who went on to become one of the most successful stock car racing drivers in history. He is also the grandfather of Kyle Petty and great grandfather of Adam Petty.
Redondo Union High School
Redondo Union High School (RUHS) is a public high school in Redondo Beach, California.

Redondo Union High School is a part of the Redondo Beach Unified School District.
All residents of Redondo Beach are zoned to Redondo Union. In addition, residents of Hermosa Beach may choose to attend Redondo Union or Mira Costa High School of the Manhattan Beach Unified School District.

Since opening in 1905, Redondo Union High School has developed into the second largest high school campus in the State of California, with an overall area of 62 acres (250,000 m2).

Mira Costa High School
Mira Costa High School (MCHS, "Costa") is a four-year public high school located in Manhattan Beach, California, United States that first opened 1950. It is the only high school in the Manhattan Beach Unified School District. The school's athletic teams are known as the Mustangs and the school colors are green and gold. Mira Costa is located on the corner of Peck Avenue and Artesia Boulevard.