hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GMC Terrain
The GMC Terrain is a crossover SUV by American manufacturer General Motors under its GMC marque. Sharing its platform with the Chevrolet Equinox, the first-generation Terrain was built on GM's Theta platform, while subsequent generations are built on the Delta platform. The Terrain is the smallest GMC vehicle, slotted below the Acadia. It also indirectly replaced the Pontiac Torrent which was typically sold via the same dealers prior to General Motors dropping the Pontiac brand.

Pontiac Torrent
The Pontiac Torrent is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by General Motors for the 2006 to 2009 model years. A replacement for the Aztek, it was a mildly restyled version of the first-generation Chevrolet Equinox. The Torrent shared its basic body structure and mechanicals with the Equinox. However, the Torrent had a different front and rear end to distinguish it visually from the Equinox. The suspension was also modified to be firmer and sportier, and the electronic power steering was recalibrated to deliver a firmer, less artificial feel.
Border Reivers (rugby union)
Border Reivers, originally known as Scottish Borders Rugby, were one of four professional rugby union teams in Scotland, alongside Edinburgh, Caledonia Reds and Glasgow Warriors.

Border Reivers were active in the Scottish Inter-District Championship from 1996 to 1998 and in the Celtic League, Celtic Cup and Heineken Cup from 2002 until 2007, when, as part of the Scottish Rugby Union's cost-cutting measures, they were disbanded. They played their home matches at Netherdale (capacity circa 6,000) in Galashiels in the Scottish Borders region.

Caledonia Reds
Caledonia Reds were a Scottish rugby union team. They participated in two seasons of the Heineken Cup. They evolved from one of the traditional four amateur districts of Scotland, North and Midlands, in 1996.

Their home games were shared between Aberdeen and Perth. Previous Scottish national coach Frank Hadden once held the assistant coaching position with the Caledonia Reds.

In 1998, the SRU decided to merge the side with the Glasgow Rugby team, who today are known as the Glasgow Warriors.

The Caledonia district still exists: it does not field a side in the United Rugby Championship league, but it does have competitive age grade teams in Inter-District Championships.
Vinny Appice
Vincent Samson Appice (born September 13, 1957) is an American rock and metal drummer best known for his work with the bands Dio, Black Sabbath, and Heaven & Hell. He is the younger brother of drummer Carmine Appice.

Carmine Appice
Carmine Appice (/ˈkɑːrmaɪn æˈpiːs/; born December 15, 1946) is an American rock drummer. He is best known for his associations with Vanilla Fudge; Cactus; the power trio Beck, Bogert & Appice; Rod Stewart; King Kobra; and Blue Murder. He is the older brother of Vinny Appice. Appice was inducted into the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2013 and the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2014. He is also a bass player.

His best-selling drum instruction book The Realistic Rock Drum Method was first published in 1972 and has since been revised and republished as The Ultimate Realistic Rock Drum Method. It covers the basic subjects of rock rhythms and polyrhythms, linear rudiments and groupings, shuffle rhythms, hi-hat and double bass drum exercises. Appice influenced John Bonham's use of bass drum triplets and oversized drum kit. Roger Taylor, Tommy Lee, Ian Paice and Eric Singer have also credited Appice with influence on their drumming styles.
Paignton railway station
Paignton railway station serves the town and seaside resort of Paignton in Devon, England. It is 222 miles 12 chains (358 km) from London Paddington, via Box. It opened in 1859 and is now the terminus of Riviera Line services from Exeter and heritage services on the Dartmouth Steam Railway from Kingswear.

Kingswear railway station
Kingswear railway station is the terminus of the Dartmouth Steam Railway, a heritage railway in Devon, England.  It is situated in the centre of Kingswear, on the shores of the River Dart opposite Dartmouth.

The station has level access to the street and is adjacent to Yacht Club Hotel, the pontoon for the Dartmouth Passenger Ferry, and the slipway of the Dartmouth Lower Ferry.
Jagger Jones
Jagger Jones (born July 29, 2002) is an American professional racing driver. He competed in Indy NXT for Cape Motorsports in 2023 and HMD Motorsports in 2024 replacing Niels Koolen for the race at Mid-Ohio. Jones previously competed in the U.S. F2000 National Championship with Cape Motorsports. He also competed in what is now the ARCA Menards Series West full-time in 2019, driving the No. 6 Ford for Sunrise Ford Racing.

He is the grandson of 1963 Indianapolis 500 winner Parnelli Jones and the son of former NASCAR, CART, and sports car driver P. J. Jones.

P. J. Jones
Parnell Velko "P. J." Jones (born April 23, 1969) is an American professional racing driver. He has contested in multiple disciplines, including NASCAR, IndyCar, IMSA GT Championship, the American Le Mans Series, USAC, the Chili Bowl, and the Stadium Super Trucks.

Jones was runner-up at the GTP class of the IMSA GT Championship in 1993 and fourth in 1992. He also finished fourth at the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series race at Watkins Glen, and second at the 1999 CART race at Nazareth. His father is Indianapolis 500 winner Parnelli Jones, his brother is Page Jones, a former racing driver, and one of his sons, Jagger Jones, currently races in the Mazda MX-5 Cup.
Witchcraft Suppression Act, 1957
The Witchcraft Suppression Act 3 of 1957 is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that prohibits various activities related to witchcraft, witch smelling or witch-hunting. It is based on the Witchcraft Suppression Act 1895 of the Cape Colony, which was in turn based on the Witchcraft Act 1735 of Great Britain.

Witch smeller
Witch smellers (also known as omoriori) were important and powerful people, almost always women, amongst the Zulu and other Bantu-speaking peoples of Southern Africa, responsible for rooting out alleged evil witches in the area, and sometimes responsible for considerable bloodshed themselves. In present-day South Africa, their role has waned and their activities are illegal according to the Witchcraft Suppression Act, 1957.
Carrbridge railway station
Carrbridge railway station serves the village of Carrbridge, Highland, Scotland. The railway station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Highland Main Line, 90 miles (140 kilometres) from Perth, between Aviemore and Inverness.

Aviemore railway station
Aviemore railway station serves the town and tourist resort of Aviemore in the Highlands of Scotland. The station, which is owned by Network Rail (NR) and managed by ScotRail, is on the Highland Main Line, 83 miles 31 chains (134.2 kilometres) from Perth, between Kingussie and Carrbridge, and is also the southern terminus of the Strathspey preserved railway.
Nepenthes andamana
Nepenthes andamana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Phang Nga Province, Thailand, where it grows near sea level in coastal savannah and grassland. It is thought to be most closely related to N. suratensis.

The specific epithet andamana refers to the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand.

Nepenthes suratensis
Nepenthes suratensis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Surat Thani Province, Thailand, where it grows near sea level in coastal savannah and grassland. It is thought to be most closely related to N. andamana.

The specific epithet suratensis is derived from the name of Surat Thani Province and the Latin ending -ensis, meaning "from".
Bossiney
Bossiney (Cornish: Boskyni, meaning Kyni's dwelling) is a village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It forms part of the civil parish of Tintagel, and lies north-east of Tintagel village. Further north-east are the Rocky Valley and Trethevy. Until 1832 the village, with its neighbour Tintagel, returned two MPs as a Rotten Borough, for the Bossiney constituency. The beach of Bossiney Haven is located nearby.

Bossiney (UK Parliament constituency)
Bossiney was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall, one of a number of Cornish rotten boroughs. It returned two members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1552 until it was abolished by the Great Reform Act 1832.
Uniqueness quantification
In mathematics and logic, the term "uniqueness" refers to the property of being the one and only object satisfying a certain condition. This sort of quantification is known as uniqueness quantification or unique existential quantification, and is often denoted with the symbols "∃!" or "∃=1". It is defined to mean there exists an object with the given property, and all objects with this property are equal.

For example, the formal statement

may be read as "there is exactly one natural number  such that ⁠⁠".

Existential quantification
In predicate logic, an existential quantification is a type of quantifier which asserts the existence of an object with a given property. It is usually denoted by the logical operator symbol ∃, which, when used together with a predicate variable, is called an existential quantifier ("∃x" or "∃(x)" or "(∃x)"), read as "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some". Existential quantification is distinct from universal quantification ("for all"), which asserts that the property or relation holds for all members of the domain. Some sources use the term existentialization to refer to existential quantification.

Quantification in general is covered in the article on quantification (logic). The existential quantifier is encoded as U+2203 ∃ THERE EXISTS in Unicode, and as \exists in LaTeX and related formula editors.
Sophie, Princess of Albania
Sophie (born Princess Sophie Helene Cecilie of Schönburg-Waldenburg; 21 May 1885 – 3 February 1936) was Princess of Albania from 7 March to 3 September 1914 as the wife of Prince Wilhelm. In 1906, she married Wilhelm, second son of the Prince of Wied. When her husband became prince of Albania, Sophie became princess consort. However, in Albania, she was referred to as Mbretëreshë, or Queen.

William, Prince of Wied
William V, Prince of Wied (German: Wilhelm Adolph Maximilian Karl Fürst von Wied; 22 August 1845 – 22 October 1907) was a German army officer and politician, elder son of Hermann, Prince of Wied. He was the father of William, Prince of Albania and brother of Queen Elisabeth of Romania. By birth he was a member of the House of Wied.
Fortaleza Airport
Fortaleza–Pinto Martins International Airport (IATA: FOR, ICAO: SBFZ) is the international airport located 6 km (4 mi) south of downtown Fortaleza, Brazil. It is named after Euclides Pinto Martins (1892–1924), a Ceará-born aviator who in 1922 was one of the pioneers of the air link between New York City and Rio de Janeiro. Some facilities were shared with Fortaleza Air Force Base.

Fortaleza Air Force Base
Base Aérea de Fortaleza – BAFZ (IATA: FOR, ICAO: SBFZ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force, located 6 km from downtown Fortaleza, Brazil. It shared some terrain with Pinto Martins International Airport, which were sold to became Warehouses.
Charity's House
Charity's House, at 108 Montjoy St. in Falmouth, Kentucky, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Deemed notable in black history, it was home of Charity Southgate, from whom most of black population in Falmouth descended.  She bought the lot in 1845 after gaining her freedom from slavery, and built this house soon after.  It was in the Happy Hollow neighborhood. She built several other houses on the block for her children and grandchildren.

The house no longer is on the site.

Falmouth, Kentucky
Falmouth is a home rule-class city in, and the county seat of, Pendleton County, Kentucky, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Falmouth had a population of 2,216. It lies at the confluence of the South and Main forks of the Licking River and is home to Kincaid Regional Theatre.
Gold dinar
The gold dinar (Arabic: ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ذهب) is an Islamic medieval gold coin first issued in AH 77 (696–697 CE) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The weight of the dinar is 1 mithqal (4.25 grams or 0.137 troy ounces).

The word dinar comes from the Latin word denarius, which was a silver coin. The name "dinar" is also used for Sasanid, Kushan, and Kidarite gold coins, though it is not known what the contemporary name was.

The first dinars were issued by the Umayyad Caliphate. Under the dynasties that followed the use of the dinar spread from Islamic Spain to Central Asia.

Mithqal
Mithqāl (Arabic: مثقال, romanized: miṯqāl) is a unit of  mass equal to 4.25 grams (0.137 ozt) which is mostly used for measuring precious metals, such as gold, and other commodities, like saffron.

The name was also applied as an alternative term for the gold dinar, a coin that was used throughout much of the Islamic world from the 8th century onward and survived in parts of Africa until the 19th century.  The name of Mozambique's currency since 1980, the metical, is derived from mithqāl.
Matthew 2:17
Matthew 2:17 is the seventeenth verse of the second chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. Herod has ordered the Massacre of the Innocents and this verse links this event to a quotation from the Old Testament.

Massacre of the Innocents
The Massacre (or Slaughter) of the Innocents is a story recounted in the Nativity narrative of the Gospel of Matthew (2:16–18) in which Herod the Great, king of Judea, orders the execution of all male children who are two years old and under in the vicinity of Bethlehem. It is modeled by the story of Pharaoh's attempt to kill the Israelite children in the Book of Exodus, as told in an expanded version that was current in the 1st century. Most scholars find no support for the historicity of Matthew’s account of the Massacre of the Innocents.

The Feast of the Holy Innocents, also known as Childermas, is celebrated in the Western Christian Churches on 28 December, the fourth day of Christmastide. In Eastern Christianity, the feast is celebrated on various dates, depending on the denomination.
New York State Route 235
New York State Route 235 (NY 235) is a north–south state highway in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. Most of the route is in Chenango County; however, the southernmost 0.5 miles (0.8 km) is in Broome County. The southern terminus of NY 235 is at an intersection with NY 7 in the town of Colesville and its northern terminus is at a junction with the conjoined routes of NY 41 and NY 206 in the town of Coventry.

New York State Route 41
New York State Route 41 (NY 41) is a north–south state highway in Central New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at an interchange with NY 17 (Future Interstate 86) in the town of Sanford in Broome County, New York. Its northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in the village of Skaneateles. The route is almost 100 miles (161 km) long and passes through Broome, Chenango, Cortland, and Onondaga counties. NY 41 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, replacing New York State Route 70 from Homer to Skaneateles. The route initially extended as far north as Jordan; however, NY 41 was cut back to its current northern terminus c. 1933.
23rd Arabian Gulf Cup
The 23rd Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج العربي‎) was the 23rd edition of the biennial football competition for the eight members of the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation. It took place in Kuwait from 22 December 2017 until 5 January 2018. Oman won their second title, defeating the United Arab Emirates in the final on penalties following a goalless draw.

This tournament saw the fewest goals-per-game average (1.53) in the history of Arabian Gulf Cup tournaments.

Arabian Gulf Cup
The Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج العربي, Kaʾs al-Khalīj al-ʿArabī), also referred to simply as the Gulf Cup, is a biennial association football competition governed by the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation for its eight member nations. The history of the competition has also seen it held every three to four years due to political or organisational problems. The reigning champions are Bahrain, who won their second title at the 26th edition.
BBC North
BBC North (Group) is an operational business division of the BBC.

It is also a brand that has been used by the BBC to mean:

The large BBC North region, centred on Manchester, that was active from the late 1920s until 1968 and was based upon one of the four UK regional radio transmission stations.

The BBC North region, centred on Leeds, that was active between 1968 and 2004 and which was split to form BBC Yorkshire and BBC Yorks & Lincs.

The operational department called BBC North that combined the output of the BBC's northern regions between 1990 and 1996.

The BBC North Group of major BBC departments that have already moved or are moving from London to MediaCityUK in Greater Manchester from 2011 onwards as part of the BBC North Project.

BBC Yorkshire
BBC Yorkshire is one of the English regions of the BBC. It was formed from the division of the former BBC North region into BBC Yorkshire and BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, based in Kingston upon Hull. Serving West, North and South Yorkshire and the north Midlands.
Ministry of Women and Children Affairs
The Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (Bengali: নারী ও শিশু বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়; nɑˈri ō śiśu biṣaẏaka mantraṇālaẏa) is a government ministry of Bangladesh responsible for the formulation of policies that promotes the institutionalization and development of women and children.

In December 2025, the interim government of Bangladesh announced a change to the Bengali name of the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, shifting it from Mahila O Shishu Bishoyok Montronaloy to Nari O Shishu Bishoyok Montronaloy.

Under this ministry, the Directorate of Women Affairs, National Women's Organization, Joyeeta Foundation, Bangladesh Shishu Academy and the DNA Laboratory Management Directorate, which are responsible for development of women and children as well as overseeing women's empowerment, equality, protection and protection of rights.

Department of Women Affairs
Department of Women Affairs is a government department responsible for the welfare of women in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The department is head by Director General Parveen Akhter.
270 Park Avenue (2025–present)
270 Park Avenue, also known as the JPMorgan Chase Tower, is a supertall skyscraper on the East Side of the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Since October 21, 2025, it has served as the global headquarters of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the United States. It is the sixth-tallest building in New York and the 35th-tallest building in the world.

Designed by the firm of Foster + Partners with an estimated construction cost of $3 billion, the skyscraper rises 1,388 feet (423 m). Formally topped off in November 2023 and occupied beginning in August 2025, the tower replaces the 52-story Union Carbide Building, built in 1960 and demolished in 2021. The older building was originally the headquarters of American chemical company Union Carbide.

Foster and Partners
Foster and Partners (styled as Foster + Partners) is a British international architecture firm with its headquarters in London, England. It was founded in 1967 by British architect and designer Norman Foster. The firm has been involved in the design of major projects around the world, including the Gherkin in London, the Hearst Tower in New York City, the 1990s renovation of the Reichstag in Berlin, the Millau Viaduct in France and Hong Kong International Airport.

In addition to architectural design, the firm's practice encompasses engineering and industrial design. As of 2021, the firm had approximately 1,500 employees, located in offices in multiple cities, including New York City, Hong Kong, and Madrid. The firm has won the Pritzker Architecture Prize and the Stirling Prize. By 2024, Foster + Partner earned more than half a billion dollars in fees.
Gabby Perea
Gabrielle "Gabby" Perea (born January 1, 2002) is an American artistic gymnast. An elite gymnast since 2013, she was named to the National Team in March 2016; she received her inaugural international assignment at that time also, at the 2016 L'International Gymnix competition where she won the all-around title. Later in March, she attended the 2016 City of Jesolo Trophy competition with Emma Malabuyo, Jordan Chiles and Trinity Thomas, where she placed third in the all-around.

Emma Malabuyo
Emma Lauren Bringas Malabuyo (born November 5, 2002) is a Filipino-American artistic gymnast. Born in the United States, she represents the Philippines internationally and competed for her country of birth in the past. She represented the Philippines at the 2024 Summer Olympics. She was a five-time member of the U.S. National Team (2016–19, 2021) and was an alternate for the 2020 Olympic team. She competed for the UCLA Bruins gymnastics team.
Mardani khel
Mardani Khel and Bothati are armed Indian martial arts from Maharashtra. They are particularly known for their use of the uniquely Indian patta (sword) and vita (corded lance). The early history of Bothati as a distinct system is difficult to trace prior to the 17th century, but it is said to owe its development to the particular geographic conditions of Maharashtra. A hilly region characterized by valleys and caves, the inhabitants became expert horsemen who favoured light armour and highly mobile cavalry units during war.

Pata (sword)
The pata (Marathi: दांडपट्टा) is a sword, originating from the Indian subcontinent, with a gauntlet integrated as a handguard. Often referred to in its native Marathi as a dandpatta, it is commonly called a gauntlet sword in English.
Octagram
In geometry, an octagram is an eight-angled star polygon.

The name octagram combine a Greek numeral prefix, octa-, with the  Greek suffix -gram. The -gram suffix derives from γραμμή (grammḗ) meaning "line".

Star polygon
In geometry, a star polygon is a type of non-convex polygon. Regular star polygons have been studied in depth; while star polygons in general appear not to have been formally defined, certain notable ones can arise through truncation operations on regular simple or star polygons.

Branko Grünbaum identified two primary usages of this terminology by Johannes Kepler, one corresponding to the regular star polygons with intersecting edges that do not generate new vertices, and the other one to the isotoxal concave simple polygons.

Polygrams include polygons like the pentagram, but also compound figures like the hexagram.

One definition of a star polygon, used in turtle graphics, is a polygon having q ≥ 2 turns (q is called the turning number or density), like in spirolaterals.
Mihaloğlu İskender Paşa
İskender Pasha Mihaloğlu (Turkish: Mihaloğlu İskender Paşa, Serbo-Croatian: Skender-paša Mihajlović; fl. 1478–1504), also known as Skender Pasha, was the sanjakbey of the Bosnian Sanjak in period 1478–1480, 1485–1491 and 1499–1504.  A Mihaloğlu family member, descendant of Köse Mihal, he and his brother Ali Bey (the sanjakbey of Smederevo) helt notable offices in Rumelia (the Balkans).

Mihaloğlu Ali Bey
Mihaloğlu Ali Bey or Gazi Alauddin Mihaloğlu Ali Bey, (1425–1507) was an Ottoman military commander in 15th century and the first sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Smederevo. He was one of the descendants of Köse Mihal, a Byzantine governor of Chirmenkia and battle companion of Osman Gazi.