hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scott Polar Research Institute
The Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) is a centre for research into the polar regions and glaciology worldwide. It is a sub-department of the Department of Geography in the University of Cambridge, located on Lensfield Road in the south of Cambridge.

SPRI was founded by Frank Debenham in 1920 as the national memorial to Captain Robert Falcon Scott and his companions, who died on their return journey from the South Pole in 1912. It investigates issues relevant to the Arctic and Antarctic in the environmental sciences, social sciences and humanities. The institute is home to the Polar Museum and has some 60 personnel, consisting of academic, library and support staff plus postgraduate students, associates and fellows attached to research programmes. The institute also hosts the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.

Frank Debenham
Frank Debenham, OBE (26 December 1883 – 23 November 1965) was Emeritus Professor of Geography at the Department of Geography, Cambridge University and first director of the Scott Polar Research Institute.
Baltasar Lopes da Silva
Baltasar Lopes da Silva (23 April 1907 – 8 May 1989) was a writer, poet and linguist from Cape Verde, who wrote in both Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole.  With Manuel Lopes and Jorge Barbosa, he was the founder of Claridade.  In 1947 he published Chiquinho, considered the greatest Cape Verdean novel and O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde which describes different dialects of creoles of Cape Verde. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Osvaldo Alcântara.

Ressaca, his work of poems can be found on the CD Poesia de Cabo Verde e Sete Poemas de Sebastião da Gama by Afonso Dias.

Jorge Barbosa (writer)
Jorge Vera-Cruz Barbosa (22 May 1902 – 6 January 1971) was a Cape Verdean poet and writer. He collaborated in various reviews and Portuguese and Cape Verdean journals. The publication of his poetry anthology Arquipélago (Archipelago) in 1935 marked the beginning of Cape Verdean poetry. He was, along with Baltazar Lopes da Silva and Manuel Lopes, one of the three founders of the literary journal Claridade ("Clarity") in 1936, which marked the beginning of modern Cape Verdean literature.
Æthelweard (historian)
Æthelweard (also Ethelward; d. c. 998) was an ealdorman and the author of a Latin version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle known as the Chronicon Æthelweardi. He was a kinsman of the royal family, being a descendant of the Anglo-Saxon King Æthelred I of Wessex, the elder brother of Alfred the Great.

Ælfric of Eynsham
Ælfric of Eynsham (Old English: Ælfrīc; Latin: Alfricus, Elphricus; c. 955 – c. 1010) was an English abbot and a student of Æthelwold of Winchester, and a consummate, prolific writer in Old English of hagiography, homilies, biblical commentaries, and other genres of Christian literature. He is also known variously as Ælfric the Grammarian (Alfricus Grammaticus), Ælfric of Cerne, and Ælfric the Homilist. In the view of Peter Hunter Blair, he was "a man comparable both in the quantity of his writings and in the quality of his mind even with Bede himself." According to Claudio Leonardi, he "represented the highest pinnacle of Benedictine reform and Anglo-Saxon literature".
Helga Deen
Helga Deen (6 April 1925 – 16 July 1943) was a Jewish diarist whose diary was discovered in 2004, which describes her stay in a Dutch prison camp, Kamp Vught, where she was brought during World War II at the age of 18.

Herzogenbusch concentration camp
Herzogenbusch (German: [ˌhɛʁtsoːɡn̩ˈbʊʃ] ⓘ; Dutch: Kamp Vught [kɑmp ˈfʏxt]) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. The camp was opened in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before Herzogenbusch was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. After the war, the camp was used as a prison for Germans and for Dutch collaborators. Today there is a visitors' center which includes exhibitions and a memorial remembering the camp and its victims.
Aircraft emergency frequency
The aircraft emergency frequency (also known in the USA as Guard) is a frequency used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft in distress. The frequencies are 121.5 MHz for civilian, also known as International Air Distress (IAD), International Aeronautical Emergency Frequency, or VHF Guard, and 243.0 MHz—the second harmonic of VHF guard—for military use, also known as Military Air Distress (MAD), NATO Combined Distress and Emergency Frequency, or UHF Guard.  Earlier emergency locator transmitters (ELTs / EPIRBs) used the guard frequencies to transmit. As of February 1, 2009 satellite monitoring of the 121.5 and 243 MHz ELT (EPIRB) frequencies ceased, whereas an additional band from 406.0 to 406.1 MHz is now used exclusively by modern emergency locator transmitters (EPIRB).

Pan-pan
The radiotelephony message PAN-PAN is the international standard urgency signal that someone aboard a boat, ship, aircraft, or other vehicle uses to declare that they need help and that the situation is urgent, but for the time being, does not pose an immediate danger to anyone's life or to the vessel itself. This is referred to as a state of "urgency". This is distinct from a mayday call (distress signal), which means that there is imminent danger to life or to the continued viability of the vessel itself. Radioing "pan-pan" informs potential rescuers (including emergency services and other craft in the area) that an urgent problem exists, whereas "mayday" calls on them to drop all other activities and immediately begin a rescue.

The Morse code signal "XXX" ( ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄  ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄  ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ), which has the same meaning that "pan-pan" does in radiotelephony, was first defined by the International Radiotelegraph Convention of 1927.
Kim Ofstad
Kim Ofstad (born 25 November 1969) is a Norwegian drummer. He is best known from collaborations in the pop/soul band D'Sound where he was a member from its inception in 1993 to 2010 and his work with the production team Element.

D'Sound
D'Sound (stylized as d'sound) is a Norwegian neo soul band based in Oslo, Norway. The band was formed in 1993 with a line-up composed of lead vocalist Simone Eriksrud, bassist Jonny Sjo and drummer Kim Ofstad. After Eriksrud's initial departure in 2018, the band announced that they would continue as a duo and  collaborate with various international artists to provide vocals for future material. Bae Louie band member Mirjam Omdal joined in 2019 as a lead vocalist. Eriksrud returned to the band as a touring and recording member in 2022.
PFC Beroe Stara Zagora
Professional Football Club Beroe Stara Zagora, better known as just Beroe (Bulgarian: Берое), is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Stara Zagora, that competes in the First League, the top division of the Bulgarian football league system. The club was founded in 1916 under the name Vereya. The club's colours are green and white.

Since then the home ground of Beroe has been the homonymous Stadion Beroe in Stara Zagora with a seating capacity of 12,128. Beroe were the 1986 champions of Bulgaria and they also won the Bulgarian Cup twice in 2010 and 2013. In terms of international achievements, Beroe hold the record for Balkans Cups titles, having won the tournament four times. The club's most noted and successful player is Petko Petkov, 2 times A Group Top Scorer: 1974 (with 20 goals) and 1976 (with 19 goals).

Balkans Cup
The Balkans Cup was an international football competition for clubs from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. It was introduced in 1961 and was very popular in the 1960s (the 1967 final attracted 42,000 spectators), being the second most important international club competition for clubs from the region (after the European Cup in which the champions could play; the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup originally attracted few teams from the region as many did not organise domestic cups regularly and only Yugoslavia had significant representation in the Fairs Cup).

It later declined after Balkan clubs obtained more representation in the two minor UEFA competitions, in contrast to the (much older but also defunct) Balkan Cup (not Balkans) for national teams.
The Incredible Hulk Returns
The Incredible Hulk Returns is a 1988 American television superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character the Hulk and serves as a continuation of the 1978–1982 television series The Incredible Hulk. The film premiered on NBC on May 22, 1988.

In The Incredible Hulk Returns, Dr. David Banner, a scientist who transforms into a green-skinned superhuman monster when enraged, has found a potential cure for his condition, but is delayed by the arrival of the arrogant Viking warrior Thor. Bill Bixby returns as Banner and Lou Ferrigno reprises his role of the Hulk. Eric Kramer stars as Thor and Steve Levitt stars as Donald Blake. This was also Jack Colvin's last appearance as Jack McGee.

Eric Allan Kramer
Eric Allan Kramer (born March 26, 1962) is an American actor. He is known to television audiences for his roles as Scott Miller on AMC's Lodge 49, Dave Rogers on The Hughleys, and Bob Duncan on the Disney Channel sitcom Good Luck Charlie. He was the first actor to play the Marvel Comics superhero Thor in live-action, in the made-for-television film The Incredible Hulk Returns (1988). He also appeared as Iron Mike Wilcox in the 2019 video game Days Gone.
Kinmen Airport
Kinmen Airport (Chinese: 金門機場) (IATA: KNH, ICAO: RCBS), commonly known as the Shangyi Airport (Chinese: 尚義機場), is a civilian airport serving Kinmen, Fuchien Province, Taiwan. It is located at Jinhu Township of Kinmen County. It was authorized to become a C-class airport under the direct supervision of the Civil Aviation Administration, Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Executive Yuan. It serves an average of 1.2 million passengers every year.

Due to the high cost of direct cross-strait flights between mainland China and Taiwan compared to domestic fares for each side respectively, traveling via Kinmen with an hourly short thirty-minute ferry ride to Xiamen's Wutong Ferry Terminal, close to Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport has become a popular alternative. Check-in facilities for Kinmen Airport flights exist within the Wutong Ferry Terminal to assist in travel from the mainland to Taiwan.

Civil Aviation Administration (Taiwan)
The Civil Aviation Administration (CAA; Chinese: 民用航空局; pinyin: Mínyòng Hángkōng Jú; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bîn-iōng Hâng-khong-kio̍k) is the government agency of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China (Taiwan) that is responsible for the regulation of all civil aviation activities. CAA operates the passenger terminals in 18 airports, of which 9 airports are owned by CAA, with the rest owned by the Republic of China Air Force.
The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (album)
The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle is the soundtrack album of the film of the same name by the Sex Pistols. The album was released on 23 February 1979, on Virgin Records. The album is the first since the band's debut studio album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, and was their first album since they broke up a year prior.

The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle
The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle, also known as The Great Rock and Roll Swindle, is a 1980 British mockumentary film directed by Julien Temple and produced by Don Boyd and Jeremy Thomas. It centres on the British punk rock band Sex Pistols and, most prominently, their manager Malcolm McLaren.
A/UX
A/UX is a Unix-based operating system from Apple Computer for Macintosh computers, integrated with System 7's graphical interface and application compatibility. It is Apple's first official Unix-based operating system, launched in 1988 and discontinued in 1995 with version 3.1.1. A/UX requires select 68k-based Macintosh models with an FPU and a paged memory management unit (PMMU).

Its foundation is UNIX System V Release 2.2, with features from Releases 3 and 4 and from BSD versions 4.2 and 4.3. It is compliant with POSIX and System V Interface Definition (SVID), and includes TCP/IP networking since version 2. Having a Unix-compatible, POSIX-compliant operating system enabled Apple to bid for large contracts to supply computers to the U.S. federal government.

A/UX was described by MacUser as "the most interesting and impressive software to have come out of Apple since HyperCard" and by InfoWorld as "an open systems solution with the Macintosh at its heart".

UNIX System V
UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and first released in 1983. Four major versions of System V were released, numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4. System V Release 4 (SVR4) was commercially the most successful version, being the result of an effort, marketed as Unix System Unification, which solicited the collaboration of the major Unix vendors. It was the source of several common commercial Unix features. System V is sometimes abbreviated to SysV.

As of 2026, the AT&T-derived Unix market is divided between three System V variants: IBM's AIX, Oracle's Solaris, and the free-software illumos forked from OpenSolaris.
Nuno Borges (tennis)
Nuno Borges (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnunu ˈβɔɾʒɨʃ]; born 19 February 1997) is a Portuguese professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 30, achieved on 9 September 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 69, achieved on 19 September 2022. He is currently the No. 1 singles player from Portugal.

Borges won his first ATP singles title at the 2024 Swedish Open in Båstad, Sweden. In the final, he beat Rafael Nadal, becoming one of only five players (with Federer, Djokovic, Murray and Zeballos) to beat Nadal in a clay court final. He also has one title in doubles.

2024 Swedish Open
The 2024 Swedish Open (also known as the Nordea Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts as part of the ATP Tour 250 Series of the 2024 ATP Tour and as part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place in Båstad, Sweden, from 8 through 14 July 2024 for the women's tournament, and from 15 through 21 July 2024 for the men's tournament. It was the 76th edition of the event for the men and the 14th edition for the women.
Jorge Roldán
Jorge Roldán Popol (16 November 1940 – 8 June 2023), known popularly as El Grillo ("cricket"), was a Guatemalan football coach and player.

A midfielder, Roldán played almost his entire career for the local team Aurora F.C., being perhaps the most emblematic individual ever to represent the club. He also became a member and later captain of the Guatemala national team, being part of the squad that won the 1967 CONCACAF Championship, and participating in the 1968 Olympic Games and in two World Cup qualifying campaigns.

Roldán managed clubs in Guatemala for over three decades, and coached the national team at all levels.

Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The 1968 Olympic football tournament was played as part of the 1968 Summer Olympics. The tournament features 16 men's national teams from five continental confederations. The 16 teams are drawn into four groups of four and each group plays a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at the Azteca Stadium on 26 October 1968. This was the first time an Asian team won a medal, Japan claiming bronze.
Berane Municipality
Berane Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Berane, Општина Беране) is one of the municipalities in Northern Montenegro. Its center is the town of Berane and until 2013, it covered an area of 544 km2. In 2013, however, the Petnjica Municipality was formed out of the eastern part of the Berane Municipality. In 2023, the population of the Berane Municipality was 24,645.

Petnjica Municipality
Petnjica Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Petnjica / Општина Петњица) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro. The municipality is located in northern Montenegro. The center is Petnjica. The Petnjica Municipality was created in 2013, when it was split from the Berane Municipality.
BJ Casey
Betty Jo "BJ" Casey is an American cognitive neuroscientist and expert on adolescent brain development and self control. She is the Christina L. Williams Professor of Neuroscience at Barnard College of Columbia University where she directs the Fundamentals of the Adolescent Brain (FAB) Lab and is an Affiliated Professor of the Justice Collaboratory at Yale Law School, Yale University.

Casey has served on several national and international advisory boards and has won numerous honors and awards for her scientific discoveries that have been featured in several media outlets such as National Geographic, Time, and NPR.

Leah Somerville
Leah H. Somerville is an American psychologist who is a professor at Harvard University. She is a member of the Human Connectome Project. Somerville was awarded the 2022 National Academy of Sciences Troland Research Award.
Demographics of Sweden
The demography of Sweden is monitored by the Statistiska centralbyrån (Statistics Sweden). Sweden's population was 10,605,500 (31 December 2025), making it the 15th-most populous country in Europe after Portugal, the 10th-most populous member state of the European Union, and the 89th-most populous country in the world. The total fertility rate was rated at 1.43 in 2024, which is far below the replacement rate of 2.1.

The population exceeded 10 million for the first time on Friday, 20 January 2017. The three largest cities are Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Sweden's population has become much more ethnically, religiously and linguistically non-Swedish over the past 70 years as a result of immigration. Every fourth (24.9%) resident in the country has a foreign background and every third (32.3%) has at least one parent born abroad. The most common foreign ancestry is Finnish.

Statistics Sweden projects a Swedish population of 12.6 million in 2070.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
Rufus Easton
Rufus Easton (May 4, 1774 – July 5, 1834) was an American attorney, politician, and postmaster. He served as a non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Missouri Territory prior to statehood. After statehood he became Missouri's second Attorney General. Rufus Easton was the founder of Alton, Illinois, and father of women's education pioneer Mary Easton Sibley.

Alton, Illinois
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about 18 miles (29 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend area in the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

It is well known for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city. It's the former location of an historical state penitentiary, and played a significant role preceding and during the American Civil War. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.
Borough of Great Yarmouth
The Borough of Great Yarmouth is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. It is named after its main town, Great Yarmouth, and also contains the town of Gorleston-on-Sea and a number of villages and rural areas, including part of The Broads. Other notable settlements include Bastwick, Belton, Bradwell, Burgh Castle, Caister-on-Sea, California, Fleggburgh, Hemsby, Martham, Hopton-on-Sea, Ormesby St Margaret, Rollesby, St Olaves, Scratby, Stokesby and Winterton-on-Sea.

The borough is on the east coast of Norfolk, facing the North Sea. It borders North Norfolk to the north, Broadland to the west, South Norfolk to the south-west, and East Suffolk to the south.

Bradwell, Norfolk
Bradwell is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is immediately west of, and largely indistinguishable from, the built-up urban area of the towns of Great Yarmouth and Gorleston-on-Sea.
London, Kentucky
London is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Laurel County, Kentucky, United States.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 8,053. London is home to the annual World Chicken Festival that celebrates the life of Colonel Sanders and features the world's largest skillet.

Laurel County, Kentucky
Laurel County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,613. Its county seat is London. After a special election in January 2016 alcohol sales are permitted only in the city limits of London. The ordinance went into effect on March 27, 2016, 60 days after results of the election. Laurel County is included in the London, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Edward Eugene Claplanhoo
Edward Eugene Claplanhoo (August 8, 1928 – March 14, 2010) was an American Makah elder and former chairman of the Makah Tribe, located on the northwest tip of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state. Claplanhoo was the first Makah to earn a bachelor's degree. Claplanhoo was the chairman of the Makah during the excavation of the Ozette Indian Village Archeological Site in the 1970s. He is credited with keeping the artifacts uncovered at Ozette in Neah Bay. Under his leadership, the Makah Museum, which houses the Ozette collection, was established at Neah Bay in 1979. He also established Fort Núñez Gaona–Diah Veterans Park in Neah Bay in 2008.

Neah Bay, Washington
Neah Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) on the Makah Reservation in Clallam County, Washington, United States. The population was 935 at the 2020 census. It is across the Canada–US border from British Columbia. Europeans originally called it "Scarborough Harbour" in honor of Captain James Scarborough of the Hudson's Bay Company. It was changed to Neah in 1847 by Captain Henry Kellett. Kellett spelled it "Neeah Bay". The name "Neah" refers to the Makah Chief Dee-ah, pronounced Neah in the Klallam language. During the summer months, Neah Bay is a popular fishing area for sports fishermen. Another attraction is the Makah Museum, which houses  artifacts from a Makah village partly buried by a mudslide around 1750. Many people also visit to hike the Cape Trail or camp at Hobuck Beach. An emergency response tug is stationed at Neah Bay which has saved 41 vessels since its introduction in 1999.