hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neutron diffraction
Neutron diffraction or elastic neutron scattering is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of the atomic and/or magnetic structure of a material. A sample to be examined is placed in a beam of thermal or cold neutrons to obtain a diffraction pattern that provides information of the structure of the material. The technique is similar to X-ray diffraction but due to their different scattering properties, neutrons and X-rays provide complementary information: X-Rays are suited for superficial analysis, strong x-rays from synchrotron radiation are suited for shallow depths or thin specimens, while neutrons having high penetration depth are suited for bulk samples.

Neutron scattering
Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials. The natural/physical phenomenon is of elemental importance in nuclear engineering and the nuclear sciences. Regarding the experimental technique, understanding and manipulating neutron scattering is fundamental to the applications used in crystallography, physics, physical chemistry, biophysics, and materials research.

Neutron scattering is practiced at research reactors and spallation neutron sources that provide neutron radiation of varying intensities. Neutron diffraction (elastic scattering) techniques are used for analyzing structures; where inelastic neutron scattering is used in studying atomic vibrations and other excitations.
Państwowa Fabryka Karabinów
Państwowa Fabryka Karabinów (English: State Rifle Factory, often abbreviated FK) was a Polish arms manufacturer active between the two World Wars. Founded in 1919 as the successor to the pre-World War I Gerlach i Pulst company, Fabryka Karabinów became part of the state-owned Państwowe Wytwórnie Uzbrojenia conglomerate in 1927. It was a sister company to Łucznik Arms Factory, the Munitions Factory of Skarżysko, and several others. By the end of the 1930s, Fabryka Karabinów was one of the largest arms producers of Poland. It was destroyed during World War II. Nationalized after the war and with a new focus on civilian precision tools, it was renamed as VIS after 1989, but liquidated in the early 21st century.

FB "Łucznik" Radom
Fabryka Broni "Łucznik" – Radom (Polish: [ˈwutʂnik]), commonly known as FB Radom or simply Łucznik, is a Polish defence industry enterprise from Radom that produces firearms. The enterprise is part of the Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa.

In the past, the factory also produced non-military equipment, most notably sewing machines and typewriters, but those branches were deemed unprofitable and dropped in 2000.
1993 Bombay bombings
The 1993 Bombay bombings was a series of 12 terrorist bombings in Bombay (now Mumbai), Maharashtra, on 12 March 1993. The single-day attacks resulted in 257 fatalities and 1,400 injuries. The attacks were coordinated by Dawood Ibrahim, leader of the Mumbai-based international organised crime syndicate D-Company.

On 21 March 2013, the Supreme Court of India, after 20 years of judicial proceedings, upheld the death sentence against suspected ringleader Yakub Memon while commuting the death sentences of 10 others to life imprisonment. Two main suspects in the case, Ibrahim and Tiger Memon, have not been arrested or tried. After India's three-judge Supreme Court bench rejected his curative petition, saying the grounds he raised did not fall within the principles laid down by the court in 2002, Yakub was executed by the Maharashtra government on 30 July 2015.

Yakub Memon
Yakub Abdul Razzaq Memon (30 July 1962 – 30 July 2015) was an Indian gangster apprehended over his financial involvements in the 1993 Bombay bombings, and the brother of one of the prime suspects in the bombings, Tiger Memon. After his appeals and petitions for clemency were all rejected, he was executed at Nagpur Central Jail on 30 July 2015. Memon financially assisted his brother Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim in planning and executing the bombings. Memon handled Tiger's funds, funded the training of 15 youths who were sent to a secret location to learn handling arms and ammunition, purchased the vehicles used in the bombings, and stockpiled weapons.
Statue of Israel Putnam
General Israel Putnam is a monumental statue in Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Located in the city's Bushnell Park, the statue was designed by sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward and honors Israel Putnam, a military officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. The statue was largely paid for by a donation from judge Joseph P. Allyn and was dedicated in a large ceremony in 1874. It was one of the first statues to be erected in the park, which nowadays houses several other monuments to famous Connecticut residents. From an artistic standpoint, the statue has received mixed reviews from critics.

Bushnell Park
Bushnell Park in Hartford, Connecticut is the second oldest publicly funded park in the United States, after Boston Common, which was established in 1634, and converted to a park in the 1830’s.  Bushnell Park was conceived by the Reverend Horace Bushnell in the mid-1850s at a time when the need for open public spaces was just starting to be recognized. Today the park comprises 50 acres (20 ha) of green space, and is visited by over one million people each year. Paths through the park contribute to the East Coast Greenway.
South Bay, Hong Kong
South Bay (Chinese: 南灣) is situated on the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Situated in the Southern District, it spans approximately 250 m (820 ft) of sandy beachfront. It is an unpatrolled, family-friendly beach known for its calm waters, and is popular with local residents and tourists. It forms part of a string of beaches along with Repulse Bay and Middle Bay. It is accessible via the South Bay Road with regular bus routes serving nearby areas.

Middle Bay (Hong Kong)
Middle Bay (Chinese: 中灣) is a small bay in Southern District, Hong Kong Island, between Repulse Bay and South Bay. Middle Bay Beach (中灣泳灘) is located there. It is a gazetted beach with lifeguards provided by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department in the daytime during the summer months.
Cayuga people
The Cayuga (Cayuga: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ, "People of the Great Swamp") are one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), a confederacy of Native Americans in New York.  The Cayuga homeland lies in the Finger Lakes region along Cayuga Lake, between their league neighbors, the Onondaga to the east and the Seneca to the west. Today, Cayuga people belong to the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, and the federally recognized Cayuga Nation of New York and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma.

Seneca–Cayuga Nation
The Seneca–Cayuga Nation is one of three federally recognized tribes of Seneca people in the United States. It includes the Cayuga people and is based in Oklahoma, United States.  The tribe had more than 5,000 people in 2011. They have a tribal jurisdictional area in the northeast corner of Oklahoma and are headquartered in Grove, Oklahoma. They are descended from Haudenosaunee who had relocated to Ohio from New York state in the mid-18th century.

The other two federally recognized Seneca tribes are located in New York: the Seneca Nation of New York and the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians. There is one other federally recognized Cayuga tribe, the Cayuga Nation of New York.
Elementary function arithmetic
In proof theory, a branch of mathematical logic, elementary function arithmetic (EFA), also called elementary arithmetic and exponential function arithmetic, is the system of arithmetic with the usual elementary properties of 0, 1, +, ×, , together with induction for  formulas with bounded quantifiers.

EFA is a very weak logical system, whose proof-theoretic ordinal is , but still seems able to prove much of ordinary mathematics that can be stated in the language of first-order arithmetic.

Ordinal analysis
In proof theory, ordinal analysis assigns ordinals (often large countable ordinals) to mathematical theories as a measure of their strength. 
If theories have the same proof-theoretic ordinal they are often equiconsistent, and if one theory has a larger proof-theoretic ordinal than another it can often prove the consistency of the second theory.

In addition to obtaining the proof-theoretic ordinal of a theory, in practice ordinal analysis usually also yields various other pieces of information about the theory being analyzed, for example characterizations of the classes of provably recursive, hyperarithmetical, or  functions of the theory.
Hellemyr
Hellemyr is a district in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It has a population of 2,990 (in 2014). The district is located in the borough of Grim. The district of Tinnheia lies to the east, the district of Slettheia lies to the south and the district of Grim lies to the north. Hellemyr is the last district to drive through before exiting Kristiansand via the European route E39 highway.

Hellemyr has one elementary school, and the junior high students attend Grim skole. Public transportation is available by bus, Nettbuss connects the district to the city centre in Kvadraturen. Buses from Hellemyr also connect to Tømmerstø. Hellemyr is mostly typical Norwegian residential suburb. Hellemyr Church is located in this district.

Tinnheia
Tinnheia is a district in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The population is around 3,660 (2014). It is part of the borough of Grim, and it is generally populated with mostly apartment homes, with a high percentage of immigrants. West of Tinnheia is the district of Hellemyr, to the east is the district of Grim (centrum), and to the south is the district of Slettheia.

The district of Tinnheia includes an industrial area called Hannevika. Tinnheia has one elementary school, "Karl Johan Minneskole" (Karl Johan memory school). Public transport is available by Agder Kollektivtrafikk, stops at Tinnheia are located along Line 15 which goes from Kvadraturen-Tinnheia-Kvadraturen 4 times every hour. All the streets in Tinnheia is named after metal, "Tin"-Heia. Tinnheia has the second-most apartment buildings in Kristiansand after Kvadraturen (the city centrum). Tinnheia is the smallest district in area and the 10th largest in population.
District courts of Sweden
The district courts of Sweden (Swedish: tingsrätt) are the court of first instance for the general courts in Sweden. The next instance are the courts of appeal (hovrätt). The district court handle criminal cases, some civil law disputes and a number of non-contentious matters. There are 48 district courts across Sweden, and the catchment area is based on the geographic boundaries of several municipalities. The number of employees vary, from ten to several hundreds.

Judiciary of Sweden
The judicial system of Sweden consists of the law of Sweden and a number of government agencies tasked with upholding security and rule of law within the country. The activities of these agencies include police and law enforcement, prosecution, courts, and prisons and other correctional services.
EB-3 visa
EB-3 is a visa preference category for United States employment-based permanent residency. It is intended for "skilled workers", "professionals", and "other workers". Those are prospective immigrants who don't qualify for the EB-1 or EB-2 preferences. The EB-3 requirements are less stringent, but the backlog may be longer. Unlike persons with extraordinary abilities in the EB-1 category, EB-3 applicants require a sponsoring employer. There is no "self-petition" category.

EB-1 visa
The EB-1 visa (or, colloquially, "Einstein visa") is a preference category for United States employment-based permanent residency. It is intended for "priority workers". Those are foreign nationals who either have "extraordinary abilities", or are "outstanding professors or researchers", and also includes "some executives and managers of foreign companies who are transferred to the US". It allows them to remain permanently in the US.

Therefore, applicants who can demonstrate their extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics through sustained national or international acclaim are not required to have a permanent offer of employment in the US and are eligible to self-petition, however, they must intend to work in the US in their field of expertise.
Máscara Sagrada Jr.
Hugo Torres Sapp (born September 12, 1973), best known by his ring name Máscara Sagrada Jr., is a Mexican Luchador. He is best known for appearing in the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion. While he portrays a storyline relative of Máscara Sagrada, they are not related.

Máscara Sagrada Jr. has worked under various ring names such as Aguila de Acero, Directo, Emo Extreme, Máscara Jr., Super AAA, and Muerte Roja. He is a former holder of the Mexican National Middleweight Championship and co-holder the Mexican National Atómicos Championship along with Blue Demon Jr., La Parka Jr. and Perro Aguayo Jr.

Blue Demon Jr.
Blue Demon Jr. (born July 19, 1966) is a Mexican professional wrestler. He is the adopted son of the original Blue Demon and is the first Mexican and second masked wrestler to win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship thus making him a one-time world champion. His government name has never been officially disclosed to the public, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their on-stage personas are kept separate from their personal lives.
Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line
The Old Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line is a railway line connecting Old Delhi and Saharanpur via Meerut with includes the Meerut–Khurja link. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway and Delhi division.

Saharanpur Junction railway station
Saharanpur Junction (station code SRE) is a railway station in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The station is part of the Northern Railway zone's Ambala Division and the Moradabad–Ambala line via Saharanpur.

It is also part of the Delhi-Meerut-Saharanpur line and Delhi-Shamli-Saharanpur line.

This station is an A category (NSG 3) in Northern Railway. This station is situated in centre of Saharanpur.
Mount Benson Elementary School (Nanaimo)
Mount Benson Elementary was a public elementary school located in the Wellington neighbourhood of Nanaimo, British Columbia and was part of School District 68 Nanaimo-Ladysmith. It was closed in 2008.

Opened on the historic Wellington Public School Site,  Mount Benson Elementary was the oldest operating school site in British Columbia.

School District 68 Nanaimo-Ladysmith
School District 68 Nanaimo-Ladysmith is a school district on central Vancouver Island in British Columbia. This includes the major centres of Nanaimo and Ladysmith. It is also covers the surrounding communities and the adjacent northern Gulf Islands.
Captain Novolin
Captain Novolin is a 1992 educational platform video game, developed by Sculptured Software and published by Raya Systems for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Starring the eponymous superhero with type 1 diabetes, the game sees the player control Captain Novolin on a quest to save the mayor of Pineville from the supervillain Blubberman. It is a part of educational video game series from Raya that also includes Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon, Packy and Marlon, and Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus.

Funding for the game came from Novo Nordisk (makers of the Novolin brand of insulin) and the National Institutes of Health. To promote the game, Novo Nordisk distributed 10,000 free copies to hospitals. During its initial release, the game was positively received by diabetes specialists, as well as children with the condition. But reception from both contemporary and retrospective video game critics has been poor, and it has been named as one of the worst video games of all time.

Packy and Marlon
Packy & Marlon is an educational platform video game developed by WaveQuest and published by Raya Systems for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It was designed to improve self-care behavior in children with type 1 diabetes. The game achieved some success with treatment groups. It is a part of educational video game series from Raya that includes Captain Novolin, Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon and Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus.

In 1998, the game was released for personal computers by Kidz Health Software.
Keith Carradine
Keith Ian Carradine (/ˈkærədiːn/ KARR-ə-deen; born August 8, 1949) is an American actor. In film, he is known for his roles as Tom Frank in Robert Altman's Nashville, E. J. Bellocq in Louis Malle's Pretty Baby, and Mickey in Alan Rudolph's Choose Me. On television, he is known for his roles as Wild Bill Hickok on the HBO series Deadwood, FBI agent Frank Lundy on the Showtime series Dexter, Lou Solverson in the first season of FX's Fargo, Penny's father Wyatt on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, and U.S. President Conrad Dalton on the CBS political drama Madam Secretary.

He is a member of the Carradine family of actors which began with his father, John Carradine.

Carradine family
The Carradine family is an American family of several notable actors.  The family patriarch was the minister Beverly Carradine. His grandson, the actor John Carradine, had five sons, four of whom also became actors.
Matej Ninoslav
Matej Ninoslav (Serbian Cyrillic: Матеј Нинослав; died 1250) was the Ban of Bosnia in the period of 1232–50. Most of Bosnia was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1235 to 1241. Ninoslav was also a Prince of Split in 1242–1244 during the local civil war. Ninoslav established control of most of Bosnia after the Hungarian withdrawal. Ninoslav continually defended Bosnia during the Bosnian Crusade that persecuted its heretic population. He was succeeded by his cousin, Ban Prijezda, in 1254.

Prijezda I, Ban of Bosnia
Prijezda I (Serbian Cyrillic: Пријезда I; pronounced [prǐjezda] (1211–1287) was a Bosnian Ban as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom, reigning 1250–1287. He was probably the founder of the House of Kotromanić.
Tinted photograph
Tinted photograph is a  photograph produced on dyed printing papers produced by commercial manufacturers or a hand-colored photograph. A single overall colour underlies the images printed on dyed photographic papers and is most apparent in the highlights and mid-tones. From the 1870s albumen printing papers were available in pale pink or blue and from the 1890s gelatin silver printing-out papers in pale mauve or pink were available. There were other kinds of tinted papers. Over time such colouration often becomes very faded.The paper is also used to highlight the important thing or part on it.

Hand-colouring of photographs
Hand-colouring (or hand-coloring) refers to any method of manually adding colour to a monochrome photograph, generally either to heighten the realism of the image or for artistic purposes. Hand-colouring is also known as hand painting or overpainting.

Typically, watercolours, oils, crayons or pastels, and other paints or dyes are applied to the image surface using brushes, fingers, cotton swabs or airbrushes. Hand-coloured photographs were most popular in the mid- to late-19th century before the invention of colour photography, and some firms specialized in producing hand-coloured photographs.
Emanuel Ax
Emanuel "Manny" Ax (born June 8, 1949) is an  American classical pianist. He is known for his chamber music collaborations with cellist Yo-Yo Ma and violinists Isaac Stern and Young Uck Kim, as well as his piano recitals and performances with major orchestras in the world.

Starting at age 12, Ax studied piano under Mieczysław Munz of the Juilliard School. He won honorable mention at the VIII International Chopin Piano Competition in 1970, third place at the Vianna da Motta International Music Competition in 1971, seventh place at the Queen Elisabeth Competition in 1972, and first prize in the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in 1974.

Ax has been a faculty member at the Juilliard School since 1990.

Mieczysław Munz
Mieczysław Munz (October 31, 1900, Kraków – August 25, 1976) was a Polish-American pianist.

Munz trained in Vienna and Berlin, with Ferruccio Busoni. He was a teacher of Emanuel Ax, Walter Hautzig, David Oei, Ann Schein, Virginia Reinecke, Adolovni Acosta, and Iravati M. Sudiarso.

He left concertizing in the early 1940s after developing physical problems with his right hand.

His ex-wife was Aniela (Nela) Młynarska (daughter of Emil Młynarski), who later married Arthur Rubinstein.
WZFX
WZFX (99.1 FM) is an mainstream urban formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Whiteville, North Carolina and located in Fayetteville, North Carolina.  WZFX broadcasts under the branding "Foxy 99." WZFX is owned and operated by Beasley Media Group.  Its studios are located east of downtown Fayetteville, and its transmitter is located in Tar Heel, North Carolina.

As of the fall 2021 ratings period, WZFX has the highest ratings of any radio station in the Fayetteville market.

Beasley Broadcast Group
Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc., based in Naples, Florida, is an owner/operator of radio stations in the United States.  As of February 2026, the company owns 49 stations under the Beasley Media Group name.
Adam Buxton
Adam Offord Buxton (born 7 June 1969) is an English comedian, podcaster and actor. With the filmmaker Joe Cornish, he is part of the comedy duo Adam and Joe. They presented the Channel 4 television series The Adam and Joe Show (1996–2001) and the BBC Radio 6 Music series Adam and Joe (2007–2009, 2011).

Since 2015, Buxton has produced The Adam Buxton Podcast, in which he interviews comedians, authors, musicians and celebrities. He has appeared on panel shows including Would I Lie To You?, Never Mind the Buzzcocks, and 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown. Buxton has produced music videos, including several collaborations with the band Radiohead. He has published two memoirs, Ramblebook (2020) and I Love You, Byeee (2025), and an album, Buckle Up (2025).

Joe Cornish
Joseph Murray Cornish (born 20 December 1968) is an English comedian, film and television show maker. With Adam Buxton, he forms the comedy duo Adam and Joe. In 2011, Cornish released his directorial debut Attack the Block. He also co-wrote The Adventures of Tintin with Steven Moffat and Edgar Wright, and Ant-Man, with Wright, Adam McKay, and Paul Rudd.
United Aircraft and Transport Corporation
The United Aircraft and Transport Corporation was formed in 1929, when William Boeing of Boeing Airplane & Transport Corporation teamed up with Frederick Rentschler of Pratt & Whitney to form a large, vertically-integrated, amalgamated firm, uniting business interests in all aspects of aviation—a combination of airframe and aircraft engine manufacturing and airline business, to serve all aviation markets, both civil aviation (cargo, passenger, private, air mail) and military aviation.

Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially airliners) and military aviation. Its headquarters are in East Hartford, Connecticut. The company is the world's second largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 35% market share as of 2020. In addition to aircraft engines, Pratt & Whitney manufactures gas turbine engines for industrial use, marine propulsion, and power generation. In 2017, the company reported that it supported more than 11,000 customers in 180 countries around the world.