hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ynni Cymru
Ynni Cymru (Welsh for 'Energy Wales') is a publicly owned energy company of the Welsh Government, based in Anglesey, Wales. The company launched in August 2023, and it aims to support investment in Welsh community-owned renewable energy generation, although its full responsibility in the projects it funds are still to be determined.

Proposals for the company have been raised by Plaid Cymru since at least 2016, and was included in the 2021 Welsh Labour–Plaid Cymru agreement, which was followed by a commitment by the government to first explore the concept, and later to establish the company. The company currently funds eleven projects in Wales using grants under its name.

Ynni Cymru differs from Trydan Gwyrdd Cymru, a state-owned company launched by the Welsh Government in 2024, which is a renewable energy developer.

Trydan Gwyrdd Cymru
Trydan Gwyrdd Cymru (Welsh for 'Green Electricity Wales') is a publicly-owned renewable energy developer established by the Welsh Government in March 2024 and launched in July 2024. The company is tasked with aiding the development of renewable energy projects, particularly focusing on onshore wind, across the Welsh public estate.

As a wholly owned entity of the Welsh Government, Trydan's remit is defined by the government, with oversight provided by the Cabinet Secretary for the Economy. Trydan Gwyrdd Cymru differs from Ynni Cymru, another initiative launched by the Welsh Government aimed at expanding community-owned renewable energy projects.
Passive foreign investment company
For purposes of income tax in the United States, U.S. persons owning shares of a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) may choose between (i) current taxation on the income of the PFIC or (ii) deferral of such income subject to a deemed tax and interest regime.  The provision was enacted as part of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 as a way of placing owners of offshore investment funds on a similar footing to owners of U.S. investment funds (regulated investment companies).  The original provisions applied for all foreign corporations meeting either an income or an asset test.  However, 1997 amendments limited the application in the case of U.S. Shareholders of controlled foreign corporations.

Controlled foreign corporation
Controlled foreign corporation (CFC) rules are features of an income tax system designed to limit artificial deferral of tax by using offshore low taxed entities. The rules are needed only with respect to income of an entity that is not currently taxed to the owners of the entity. Generally, certain classes of taxpayers must include in their income currently certain amounts earned by foreign entities they or related persons control.

A set of rules generally defines the types of owners and entities affected, the types of income or investments subject to current inclusion, exceptions to inclusion, and means of preventing double inclusion of the same income. Countries with CFC rules include the United States (since 1962), the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Russia (since 2015), Sweden, and many others. Rules in different countries may vary significantly.
48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot
The 48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot was a regiment of the British Army, raised in 1741. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Northamptonshire Regiment in 1881.

Northamptonshire Regiment
The Northamptonshire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1960. In 1960, it was amalgamated with the Royal Lincolnshire Regiment to form the 2nd East Anglian Regiment (Duchess of Gloucester's Own Royal Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire), which was amalgamated with the 1st East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk), the 3rd East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot) and the Royal Leicestershire Regiment to form the present Royal Anglian Regiment.
Gospel Church, Kangding
Gospel Church, today known as Kangding Christian Church, is a Protestant church situated on Guangming Road, Kangding, a county-level city in Garzê Tibetan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. First built in 1905, on Yanhe West Road, by China Inland Mission missionaries, the church was relocated to its present location in 1958. It has been subjected to the control of the state-sanctioned Three-Self Patriotic Church since 1954.

Protestantism in Sichuan
The Protestant mission began in the southwestern Chinese province of Sichuan in 1877, when premises were rented by the China Inland Mission in Chungking. However, compared with Catholicism, which had been spread throughout the province for over two centuries at the time, it grew rather slowly, it was not until the late 1980s that Protestantism experienced rapid growth. The two largest denominations in the province before 1950 were Anglicanism and Methodism.
Tensor operator
In pure and applied mathematics, quantum mechanics and computer graphics, a tensor operator generalizes the notion of operators which are scalars and vectors. A special class of these are spherical tensor operators which apply the notion of the spherical basis and spherical harmonics. The spherical basis closely relates to the description of angular momentum in quantum mechanics and spherical harmonic functions. The coordinate-free generalization of a tensor operator is known as a representation operator.

Spherical basis
In pure and applied mathematics, particularly quantum mechanics and computer graphics and their applications, a spherical basis is the basis used to express spherical tensors.  The spherical basis closely relates to the description of angular momentum in quantum mechanics and spherical harmonic functions.

While spherical polar coordinates are one orthogonal coordinate system for expressing vectors and tensors using polar and azimuthal angles and radial distance, the spherical basis are constructed from the standard basis and use complex numbers.
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) is an American tobacco manufacturing company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Founded by namesake R. J. Reynolds in 1875, it is the largest tobacco company in the United States. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

RJR has a large brand portfolio, which includes Camel, Newport, Doral, Eclipse, Kent, and Pall Mall. Other brands commercialized in the past included Barclay, Belair, and Real.

R. J. Reynolds
Richard Joshua Reynolds (July 20, 1850 – July 29, 1918) was an American businessman and founder of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.

The son of a tobacco farmer and major enslaver, he worked for his father and attended Emory & Henry College from 1868 to 1870, eventually graduating from Bryant & Stratton Business College in Baltimore. He sold his share of the family business in 1874 and moved south to Winston (now Winston-Salem), North Carolina, to start his own tobacco company. Reynolds was a savvy businessman and a hard worker, and he quickly became one of the wealthiest citizens of Winston-Salem; eventually, he was the wealthiest person in the state of North Carolina. He died in 1918 of pancreatic cancer.
Bishop Hafey High School
Bishop Hafey High School was a Roman Catholic high school of the Diocese of Scranton, located in Hazleton, Pennsylvania.  By order of Bishop Martino, the high school was closed in June 2007. The school's mascot was the Viking. The school's colors were gold and white.

Hazleton, Pennsylvania
Hazleton is a city in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 29,963 at the 2020 census. Hazleton is the second-most populous city in Luzerne County. It was incorporated as a borough on January 5, 1857, and as a city on December 4, 1891.

Hazleton is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Allentown, 82 miles (132 km) north-northwest of Philadelphia and 106 miles (171 km) west of New York City.
Margaret Roney
Margaret Helena Roney was a sailor from Great Britain, who represented her country at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands, as part of the crew of her 8 Metre keelboat Feo, helmed by her brother Ernest. Feo was built at Camper and Nicholsons in 1927, with yard number 352. She was the sister of Esmond Roney and Ernest Roney.

Ernest Roney
Ernest John Roney (8 June 1900 – 23 March 1975) was a sailor from Great Britain, who represented his country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Le Havre, France. Roney took the silver in the 8 Metre. In the 1928 competition he came 7th. He was the brother of Margaret Roney and Esmond Roney.
172nd Attack Squadron
The 172nd Attack Squadron (172 ATKS) is a unit of the Michigan Air National Guard 110th Wing located at Battle Creek Air National Guard Base, Battle Creek, Michigan. The 172nd is equipped with the MQ-9 Reaper drone.

The squadron was first organized during World War II as the 375th Fighter Squadron.  It saw combat in the European Theater of Operations as an element of VII Fighter Command before returning to the United States, where it was inactivated.

In May 1946, the squadron was allotted to the National Guard as the 172nd Fighter Squadron.  During the Korean War, the squadron was called into federal service and acted in an air defense role until being returned to the Michigan Air National Guard in 1952. It had various flying missions, including fighter, reconnaissance and airlift until 2013, when it was converted to a support unit.

110th Wing
The 110th Wing is a unit of the Michigan Air National Guard, stationed at Battle Creek Air National Guard Base, Battle Creek, Michigan. If activated to federal service the Wing would be gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command.
Urban Sea
Urban Sea (18 February 1989 – 2 March 2009) was an American bred Thoroughbred racemare best known for winning France's most prestigious race, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, in 1993 and for her importance as a world-class broodmare. She is one of ten mares to produce two Derby winners, namely Galileo and Sea the Stars. She is the only mare in the 21st century to produce two Derby winners. None has produced three winners of this race.

Sea the Stars
Sea The Stars (foaled 6 April 2006) is a retired champion Irish Thoroughbred racehorse regarded as one of the greatest racehorses of all time. He won the 2000 Guineas, the Derby, the Eclipse Stakes – the first colt to accomplish this treble since 1989 champion Nashwan – the International Stakes, the Irish Champion Stakes and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in the same year. Sea The Stars is also a successful sire. His progeny have won classic races including the Derby, Irish Derby, the Oaks, the Irish Oaks and the Prix de L'Arc de Triomphe.
Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin
Ḥaydar ibn Kāwūs (Arabic: حيدر بن كاوس, Persian: خِیذَر اِبنِ کاووس, romanized: Kheyzar ebn-e Kāvus), better known by his hereditary title of  al-Afshīn (Arabic: الأفشين, Persian: اَفشین, romanized: Afshin), was a senior general of Sogdian descent at the court of the Abbasid caliphs and a vassal prince of Oshrusana. He played a leading role in the campaigns of Caliph al-Mu'tasim, and was responsible for the suppression of the rebellion of Babak Khorramdin and for his battlefield victory over the Byzantine emperor Theophilos during the Amorium campaign. Eventually he was suspected of disloyalty and was arrested, tried and then executed in June 841.

Babak Khorramdin
Bābak Khorramdin (Persian: بابک خرمدین, Bābak-i Khurramdīn, from Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭠𐭯𐭪𐭩, Pāpak/Pābag; 795 or 798 – January 838) was one of the main Iranian revolutionary leaders of the Iranian Khorram-Dinān ("Those of the joyous religion"), which was a local freedom movement fighting the Abbasid Caliphate. Khorramdin appears to be a compound analogous to durustdin "orthodoxy" and Behdin "Good Religion" (Zoroastrianism), and are considered an offshoot of neo-Mazdakism.  Babak's Iranianizing rebellion, from its base in Azerbaijan in northwestern Iran, called for a return of the political glories of the Iranian past. The Khorramdin rebellion of Babak spread to the western and central parts of Iran and lasted more than twenty years before it was defeated when Babak was betrayed.  Babak's uprising showed the continuing strength in Azerbaijan of ancestral Iranian local feelings.
Lian Chongyu
Lian Chongyu (Chinese: 連重遇) (died February 14, 945) was a general of the Chinese Min state. In 944, he and another general, Zhu Wenjin, assassinated the emperor Wang Yanxi (Emperor Jingzong). He then supported Zhu as the new emperor of the Min state, but the officer Lin Renhan (林仁翰) assassinated him and Zhu less than a year later and submitted to Wang Yanxi's brother Wang Yanzheng (Tiande Emperor), who had been warring with Wang Yanxi.

Zhu Wenjin
Zhu Wenjin (Chinese: 朱文進) (died February 14, 945) was a general who later usurped the throne of Min, reigning from 944 to 945, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China. In 944, he assassinated Wang Yanxi (Emperor Jingzong) and tried to take over control of the Min state, but his officer Lin Renhan (林仁翰) assassinated him less than a year later and submitted to Wang Yanxi's brother Wang Yanzheng (Tiande Emperor), who had been warring with Wang Yanxi.
Ashvins
The Ashvins (Sanskrit: अश्विन्, lit. 'horse possessors', IAST: Aśvin), also known as the Ashvini Kumaras and Asvinau, are Hindu twin gods associated with medicine, health, healing, sciences, and the twilight. In the Rigveda, they are described as youthful divine twin horsemen, travelling in a chariot drawn by horses that are never weary, and portrayed as guardian deities that safeguard and rescue people by aiding them in various situations.

There are varying accounts, but Ashvins are generally mentioned as the sons of the sun god Surya and his wife Sanjna. In the epic Mahabharata, the Pandava twins Nakula and Sahadeva were the children of the Ashvins.

Divine twins
The Divine Twins are youthful horsemen, either gods or demigods, who serve as rescuers and healers in Proto-Indo-European mythology.

Like other Proto-Indo-European divinities, the Divine Twins are not directly attested by archaeological or written materials, but scholars of comparative mythology and Indo-European studies generally agree on the motifs they have reconstructed by way of the comparative method.
Ruslan Stefanchuk
Ruslan Oleksiyovych Stefanchuk (Ukrainian: Руслан Олексійович Стефанчук; born 29 October 1975) is a Ukrainian politician and lawyer serving as the chairman of the Verkhovna Rada since October 2021.

Stefanchuk was touted as the ideologue of Volodymyr Zelenskyy's election campaign in the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election. He was elected to the Ukrainian parliament as a member of the Servant of the People party (placed 2nd on the party list) in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election.

Stefanchuk is one of the authors of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's 2019 election program. He was also the Representative of the President of Ukraine Zelenskyy at the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's national parliament) from 21 May 2019 until 7 October 2021, and is a chairman of the Verkhovna Rada since then.

Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
The chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Голова Верховної Ради України, romanized: Holova Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy) is the presiding officer of the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's unicameral parliament. The chairman presides over the parliament and its procedures. Chairmen are elected by open voting from the parliament's deputy ranks.

Ruslan Stefanchuk is the current chairman since being confirmed on 8 October 2021.
Terrorgram
Terrorgram (sometimes stylized in all caps) is a far-right, decentralized network of Telegram channels and accounts that subscribe to or promote militant accelerationism. Terrorgram channels are neo-fascist in ideology, and regularly share instructions and manuals on how to carry out hate crimes, mass shootings and target critical infrastructure and even lists of potential targets. Terrorgram is a key communications forum for individuals and networks attached to Atomwaffen Division, The Base, and other explicit militant accelerationist groups.

Influenced by the defunct neo-Nazi web forum Iron March, Terrorgram has been linked to several terrorist attacks. It promotes "Saints culture", which promotes terrorist attacks and their perpetrators as "saints" or "martyrs". It has been proscribed as a terrorist organization and faces terrorist sanctions from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

Iron March
Iron March was a far-right, neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi web forum open from 2011 to 2017. The site attracted neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi members, including militants from organized far-right groups and members who would later go on to commit acts of terror. People linked to Iron March have been connected to 100 hate crimes.
After the site closed, former users moved to alternative websites and social networking services, such as Discord. In 2019, an anonymous individual leaked the database that hosted all Iron March content.
Racovian Catechism
The Racovian Catechism (Pol.: Katechizm Rakowski) is a nontrinitarian statement of faith from the 16th century. The title Racovian comes from the publishers, the Polish Brethren, who had founded a sizeable town in Raków, Kielce County, where the Racovian Academy and printing press was founded by Jakub Sienieński in 1602.

Polish Brethren
The Polish Brethren (Polish: Bracia Polscy) were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658. By those on the outside, they were called "Arians" or "Socinians" (Polish: arianie, socynianie), but themselves preferred simply to be called "Brethren" or "Christians" (and, after their expulsion from Poland, "Unitarians").
The Birds (band)
The Birds were an English rhythm and blues band, formed in 1964 in London. They recorded fewer than a dozen songs and released only four singles.

Starting out with a hard R&B sound, they later began infusing it with Motown-style vocal harmonies. The best known former member of the Birds is Ronnie Wood playing lead guitar, who went on to join the Jeff Beck Group, the Creation, Faces and later the Rolling Stones.

The Creation (band)
The Creation are an English rock band, formed in 1966. Their best-known songs are "Making Time", which was one of the first rock songs to feature a guitar played with a bow, and "Painter Man", which made the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart in late 1966, and reached No. 8 on the German chart in April 1967. It was covered by Boney M in 1979, and reached the No. 10 position on the UK chart.  "Making Time" was used in the film Rushmore, and as the theme song from season 2 onwards of The Great Pottery Throw Down.

Creation biographer Sean Egan defined their style as "a unique hybrid of pop, rock, psychedelia and the avant garde."
Caelestiventus
Caelestiventus (/səˌlɛstɪˈvɛntəs/ sə-LES-tih-VEN-təs, meaning "heavenly wind") is a pterosaur genus from the Late Triassic (latest Norian or Rhaetian) found in western North America. The type species, Caelestiventus hanseni, honors Robin Hansen, the Bureau of Land Management geologist (BLM), who facilitated access to the excavation site.

Caelestiventus is important because it is the sole example of a desert-dwelling non-pterodactyloid pterosaur and is 65 million years older than other known desert-dwelling pterosaurs. Additionally, it shows that even the earliest pterosaurs were morphologically and ecologically diverse and that the Dimorphodontidae originated in the Triassic period. Along with Eotephradactylus, the genus represents one of the oldest known North American pterosaurs.

Eotephradactylus
Eotephradactylus (meaning "ash-winged dawn goddess") is an extinct genus of pterosaurs known from the Late Triassic of what is now Arizona, United States. The genus contains a single species, Eotephradactylus mcintireae, discovered in 2011 and named in 2025. It is known from part of the lower jaw, isolated teeth, and possibly a wing bone found in the Chinle Formation, which dates to the Norian age. These bones were found in a bone bed in addition to many other species, including various fish, mammal precursors, turtles, and other reptiles.

Eotephradactylus is an early-diverging pterosaur, possibly closely related to the European Seazzadactylus. Like some other early pterosaurs, it is characterized by its heterodont dentition. However, unique to Eotephradactylus, it has extensive wear on all of its teeth, showing that it probably ate hard-shelled invertebrates or fish with mineralized scales. Eotephradactylus is the oldest known pterosaur named from North America.
The Farmers' Daughters: The Collected Short Stories of William Carlos Williams
The Farmers' Daughters: The Collected Short Stories of William Carlos Williams is a collection of short fiction by William Carlos Williams published in 1961 by New Directions Publishing. The volume is an amalgamation of the stories previously included in The Knife of the Times and Other Stories (1932) and Life Along the Passaic River (1938), as well as 20 stories first collected in Make Light of It (1950) and presented under the heading Beer and Cold Cuts.

The Knife of the Times and Other Stories
The Knife of the Times and Other Stories is a collection of 11 works of short fiction by William Carlos Williams published by Dragon Press in 1932. The stories also appear in The Farmers' Daughters: The Collected Short Stories of William Carlos Williams (1961).

These short literary works mark a shift in Williams' development as a writer and the expression of his social concerns, influenced by the impact of the Great Depression on American workers and their families.
¿Por qué somos?
The hymn ¿Por qué somos? (also "Why Are We" or "Eternal Life") by Edmund W. Richardson is 
Mormon hymn that was initially published in the 1912 edition of Himnos de Sion, the Spanish-language hymnbook of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is one of the three hymns originally written in Spanish that are included in the 1992 Spanish hymnal. The hymn has also been included in the Portuguese hymnal as “De que rumo vêm os homens”, though it is not included in the current hymnbook in that language.  The original publication indicated that it should be sung to the tune of hymn 50 in Songs of Zion, which was ELIZA by Joseph J. Daynes (the tune for “Lord, Accept Our True Devotion” in the English LDS Hymnal).

Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1985 book)
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the official hymnal of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Published in English in 1985, and later in many other languages, it is used throughout the LDS Church. This article refers to the English version. The book was published on the 150th anniversary of the publication of the first Latter-day Saint hymnbook, compiled by Emma Smith in 1835. Previous hymnbooks used by the church include The Manchester Hymnal (1840), The Psalmody (1889), Songs of Zion (1908), Hymns (1927), and Hymns (1948).

On June 18, 2018, the church announced that updated versions of the hymnbook and the Children's Songbook would be created, by soliciting feedback for a one-year period concluding in July 2019. This culminated in having unified versions of the books in languages used by congregations worldwide, with the same numbering system.