hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ward, Colorado
Ward is a home rule municipality in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The population was 128 at the 2020 census. The town is a former mining settlement founded in 1860 in the wake of the discovery of gold at nearby Gold Hill. Once one of the richest towns in the state during the Colorado Gold Rush, it is located on a mountainside at the top of Left Hand Canyon, near the Peak to Peak Highway (State Highway 72) northwest of Boulder at an elevation of 9,450 feet (2,880 m) above sea level.

Boulder County, Colorado
Boulder County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 330,758. The most populous municipality in the county and the county seat is Boulder. Boulder County comprises the Boulder, Colorado Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the 12-county Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area.
David Hackett Fischer
David Hackett Fischer (born December 2, 1935) is University Professor of History Emeritus at Brandeis University. Fischer's major works have covered topics ranging from large macroeconomic and cultural trends (Albion's Seed, The Great Wave) to narrative histories of significant events (Paul Revere's Ride, Washington's Crossing) to explorations of historiography (Historians' Fallacies, in which he coined the term "historian's fallacy").

Albion's Seed
Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America is a 1989 book by David Hackett Fischer that details the folkways of four groups of people who moved from distinct regions of Great Britain (Albion) to the United States.  Fischer's argument is that the culture of each of the groups persisted, to provide the basis for the political culture of the modern United States. Fischer explains "the origins and stability of a social system which for two centuries has remained stubbornly democratic in its politics, capitalist in its economy, libertarian in its laws and individualist in its society and pluralistic in its culture."

Albion's Seed was intended to be the first book in a planned five-volume series, America: A Cultural History.  The second volume was to have been American Plantations.
Cozy III
The Cozy III is a 3-seat, single engine, homebuilt light aircraft designed by Nat Puffer. The aircraft is built from plans using basic raw materials. It is not a kit aircraft, though many small parts are available prefabricated. The Cozy is similar in design and construction to the 2-seat Rutan Long-EZ, from which it is derived, with approval from Burt Rutan.

The Cozy utilizes foam and fiberglass sandwich construction, with foam suited to the usage, fiberglass oriented for the stresses, and epoxy to bond them together.

Nat Puffer designed the aircraft as a high speed cross-country VFR aircraft, although many builders equip their planes with IFR capabilities.

Cozy MK IV
The Cozy Mark IV is a 4-seat, single engine, homebuilt light aircraft designed by Nat Puffer, with parts and plans supplied by Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co. The aircraft is built from plans using basic raw materials. It is not a kit aircraft, though many small parts are available prefabricated. The Cozy is similar in design and construction to the 2-seat Rutan Long-EZ, from which it is derived, with approval from Burt Rutan.

The Cozy Mark IV utilizes foam and fiberglass sandwich construction, with foam suited to the usage, fiberglass oriented for the stresses, and epoxy to bond them together.

Nat Puffer designed the aircraft as a high speed cross-country visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft, although many builders equip their planes with instrument flight rules (IFR) capabilities.
Sohmer & Co.
Sohmer & Co. was a piano manufacturing company founded in New York City in 1871. Sohmer & Co. marketed the first modern baby grand piano, and also manufactured pianos with aliquot stringing and bridge agraffes, as well as Cecilian "all-inside" player pianos and Welte-Mignon-Licensee reproducing pianos. Sohmer pianos were owned by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge, and composers Victor Herbert and Irving Berlin.  Sohmer was later purchased by Samick Music Corporation in Korea.

Samick
Samick Musical Instruments Co., Ltd. (Korean: 삼익악기KRX: 002450, also known as Samick) is a South Korean musical instrument manufacturer. Founded in 1958 as Samick Pianos, it is now one of the world's largest musical instrument manufacturers and an owner of shares in several musical instrument manufacturing companies.

Apart from its own brand, Samick manufactures musical instruments through its subsidiary brands, including pianos under the brands Wm. Knabe & Co., Pramberger, Kohler & Campbell, and Seiler; and guitars under the brands Greg Bennett, Silvertone, Stony River, and San Mateo.
Nadeem Aslam
Nadeem Aslam FRSL (born 11 July 1966 in Gujranwala, Pakistan) is a British Pakistani novelist. His debut novel, Season of the Rainbirds, won the Betty Trask and the Author's Club First Novel Award. His critically acclaimed second novel Maps for Lost Lovers won Encore Award and Kiriyama Prize; it was shortlisted for International Dublin Literary Award, among others. Colm Tóibín described him as "one of the most exciting and serious British novelists writing now".

His most recent book is The Golden Legend (2017).

Kiriyama Prize
The Kiriyama Prize was an international literary award awarded to books about the Pacific Rim and South Asia. Its goal was to encourage greater understanding among the peoples and nations of the region. Established in 1996, the prize was last awarded in 2008.

Winners include Greg Mortenson, David Oliver Relin, Luis Alberto Urrea, Piers Vitebsky, Nadeem Aslam, Suketu Mehta, Shan Sa, Inga Clendinnen, Pascal Khoo Thwe, Rohinton Mistry, Patricia Grace, Peter Hessler, Michael David Kwan, Michael Ondaatje, Cheng Ch'ing-wen, Andrew X. Pham, Ruth Ozeki, Patrick Smith, and Alan Brown.
A Fistful of Peril
A Fistful of Peril is the third studio album by American hip hop trio Czarface, which consists of rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member Inspectah Deck and underground hip hop duo 7L & Esoteric. It was released on October 25, 2016 via Silver Age. The album features guest appearances from Blacastan, Conway The Machine, Jesus Chrysler, Meyhem Lauren, Psycho Les and Rast RFC.

7L & Esoteric
7L & Esoteric (7LES) are an American underground hip hop duo from Boston, Massachusetts, known for battle rhymes and boom bap production. 7L is the duo's DJ/producer and Esoteric is the MC. 7L & Esoteric are both prominent members of underground hip-hop collectives Army of the Pharaohs and Demigodz, as well as being 2/3 of Czarface along with Wu-Tang Clan member Inspectah Deck.
Departmental Council of Gironde
The Departmental Council of Gironde (French: Conseil départemental de la Gironde, Occitan: Conselh departamental de Gironda) is the deliberative assembly of the Gironde department in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It consists of 66 members (general councilors) from 33 cantons and its headquarters are in Bordeaux.

The President of the General Council is Jean-Luc Gleyze.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Hylaeus paumako
Hylaeus paumako is a species of bee endemic to the Hawaiian island of Molokaʻi.  It was discovered in a designated conservation and wilderness area in the ahupuaʻa of Mākolelau in 2024 and later described in 2025.  The bee is notable as the only known bee species on the island where the males are completely black (Hylaeus are generally yellow-faced).  H. paumako is the first new species of bee found on the island of Molokaʻi in over a century.

Hylaeus (bee)
Hylaeus is a large (over 500 species) and diverse cosmopolitan genus within the bee family Colletidae. This genus is also known as the yellow-faced bees or masked bees. This genus is the only truly globally distributed colletid, occurring on all continents except Antarctica.
Archaeological Site Pionirski Park
Archaeological Site Pionirski Park is one of the most important archaeological sites in Serbia. Protective and systematic researches of ancient Singidunum have been lasting for more than a hundred years. Unfortunately, at the beginning of the 21st century, knowledge of this city is still shallow compared to the knowledge of the history of other ancient cities that have been explored for so long. One of the reasons for this, is the fact that above the ancient Singidunum grew modern Belgrade whose construction destroyed the earlier cultural layers.

Singidunum
Singidunum (Serbian: Сингидунум, Singidunum) was an ancient city which later evolved into modern Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The name is of Celtic origin, going back to the time when the Celtic tribe Scordisci settled the area in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans. Later on, the Roman Republic conquered the area in 75 BC and incorporated it into the province of Moesia. It was an important fort of the Danubian Limes and Roman Legio IV Flavia Felix was garrisoned there since 86 AD. Singidunum was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Jovian. It was sacked by Huns in 441, and by Avars and Slavs in 584. At the beginning of the 7th century, the Singidunum fort was finally destroyed.

A large part of Belgrade's downtown belongs to the "Archaeological Site of Singidunum", which was declared a protected zone on 30 June 1964.
1979 Liverpool Edge Hill by-election
The 1979 Liverpool Edge Hill by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 29 March 1979 to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the UK House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Edge Hill.

Polling in the by-election took place one day after the government of James Callaghan had lost a vote of no confidence in parliament and slightly over a month before the 1979 general election. The seat had become vacant in the previous December, upon the death of the constituency's Labour Party MP Sir Arthur Irvine, who had held the seat since a by-election in 1947.

The result was a gain for the Liberal Party, represented by David Alton. Having made his maiden speech on 3 April, just before the House rose for the election, he was re-elected a few weeks later, and from 1983 held the Mossley Hill seat until he stood down from the Commons in 1997, 18 years after the by-election.

Liverpool Edge Hill
Liverpool Edge Hill was a borough constituency within the city and metropolitan borough of Liverpool, in the English county of Merseyside, centred on Edge Hill. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created in 1918 and abolished in 1983.
Split Suburban Railway
The Split Metro (Croatian: Splitski metro) is a suburban railway network in Split, Croatia. The railway was opened on refurbished existing M604 tracks on December 10, 2006. It consists of one line serving seven stations, running from Split centre to Kaštel Stari. The second line between Split centre and Split-Kopilica opened in June 2019, and was discontinued in November 2019. As of 2019, it is planned that new stations will be added along the tracks and the existing stops renovated. The line runs through two tunnels within the city centre of Split; within the longer of the two tunnels a metro-like station (Split-H.B.Z.) will be opened in 2021 to serve the city centre. The line is 17.8 kilometres (11.1 mi) long while an average train ride lasts for 25 minutes. A link with Split Airport (in 2025) and further extension to Trogir is considered, with possible electrification in the long-term.

Split Airport
Split Saint Jerome Airport (Croatian: Zračna luka Sveti Jeronim Split; IATA: SPU, ICAO: LDSP), also known as Split Airport (Croatian: Zračna luka Split), is an international airport serving the city of Split, Croatia. It is located 19 km (12 mi) from Split, on the west side of Kaštela Bay, in the town of Kaštela, and extending into the adjacent town of Trogir. It is named after Saint Jerome, the patron saint of Split-Dalmatia County.

In 2025, the airport was the second busiest in Croatia after Zagreb Airport, handling 3.9 million passengers. It is a major destination for leisure flights during the European summer holiday season and an important seasonal base for Croatia Airlines that offers flights to European cities such as Athens, Frankfurt, London, Madrid and Paris.
Angel Island (novel)
Angel Island is a science fiction/fantasy novel by American feminist author, journalist and suffragette Inez Haynes Irwin, writing under the name Inez Haynes Gillmore. It was originally published by Henry Holt in January 1914. The novel is about a group of men shipwrecked on an island occupied by winged-women.

Angel Island was reprinted in the February 1949 issue of Famous Fantastic Mysteries, and again in 1978 by Arno Press. In 1988 it was republished by Plume as a "classic of early feminist literature" with an introductory essay by science fiction and fantasy author Ursula K. Le Guin.

Inez Haynes Irwin
Inez Haynes Irwin (March 2, 1873 – September 25, 1970) was an American feminist author, journalist, member of the National Woman's Party, and president of the Authors Guild. Many of her works were published under her former name Inez Haynes Gillmore. She wrote over 40 books and was active in the suffragist movement in the early 1900s. Irwin was a "rebellious and daring woman", but referred to herself as "the most timid of created beings". She died at the age of 97.

Irwin was a close friend of the American feminist writer Mary MacLane, who included a colorful personality portrait of Irwin in her newspaper articles in Butte, Montana, in 1910.
Ray Hayward
Raymond Alton Hayward (born April 27, 1961) is an American former left-handed Major League Baseball starting pitcher who played from 1986 to 1988 for the San Diego Padres and Texas Rangers. He is currently the pitching coach for the collegiate Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball team.

Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball
The Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball team represents Texas Tech University in  NCAA Division I college baseball. The team competes in the Big 12 Conference and plays at Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park. Their head coach is Tim Tadlock and is entertaining his 9th season with the Red Raiders.
Queen's Own Rifles of Canada Band & Bugles
The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada Band & Bugles is a Canadian Forces military band serving as the regimental band for The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada. It is the oldest reserve band in uninterrupted service in Canada. Like the Band and Bugles of The Rifles, the QOR band has a drum and bugle section at the front ranks as a testament to the fact that those instruments were used to give orders on the battlefield during the conflicts of the 18th century.  It is currently one of only several drum and bugle corps in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) in service.

Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada is a Primary Reserve regiment of the Canadian Armed Forces, based in Toronto. The regiment is part of 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group. It is the only reserve regiment in Canada to currently have a parachute role. The regiment consists of the reserve battalion, the Regimental Association, and the Regimental Band and Bugles. The official abbreviation is The QOR of C, but the name is often abbreviated to QOR.

The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada parade out of Moss Park Armoury in downtown Toronto. The unit motto is in pace paratus: in peace prepared.
Putin Must Go
"Putin Must Go" (Russian: "Путин должен уйти", romanized: "Putin dolzhen uyti", IPA: [ˈputʲɪn ˈdolʐɨn ʊjˈtʲi]) is a Russian website and public campaign organised for the collection of signatures to an open letter demanding the resignation of Vladimir Putin, who at the time was Prime Minister (currently President). The campaign was started on the Internet on 10 March 2010 by Russian opposition activists, including several Russian artists.

United Civil Front
United Civil Front (UCF; Russian: Объединённый гражданский фронт; ОГФ; Obyedinonnyy grazhdanskiy front, OGF) is a social movement in Russia founded and led by chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov. In 2006–2007 it was part of The Other Russia, an opposition coalition active in Moscow.

Upon the organization's founding, in 2005, Kasparov stated that the UCF "will work to preserve electoral democracy in Russia." Kasparov concluded the press conference by stating that, "The primary goal of the systemic opposition is to dismantle the currently existing system and create a free political floor on which free elections can be held in 2007–2008. The bottom line is to preserve the Russians’ right to elect a responsible government, both in presidential and parliamentary elections."
Two-cell Chinese Braille
Two-cell Chinese Braille was designed in the 1970s and is used in parallel with traditional Chinese Braille in China.

Each syllable is rendered with two braille characters. The first combines the initial and medial; the second the rime and tone. The base letters represent the initial and rime; these are modified with diacritics for the medial and tone. Thus each of the braille cells has aspects of an abugida.

Mainland Chinese Braille
Mainland Chinese Braille is a braille script for Standard Chinese used in China. Consonants and basic finals conform to international braille, but additional finals form a semi-syllabary, as in bopomofo. Each syllable is written with up to three Braille cells, representing the initial, final, and tone, respectively. In practice tone is generally omitted as it is in pinyin.
Mirandola Town Hall
The Mirandola Town Hall (Italian: Palazzo Comunale di Mirandola; in the local dialect: al palàzz cumunàl ad La Miràndla or simply al Cumùn or al Munizìpi) is a historic public building located in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy.

Seat of the city government until May 2012, the building is dramatically located at the end of Costituente square and is one of the most recognizable icon of the city of Mirandola, along with the castle of the Pico.

Castle of the Pico
The Castle of the Pico (in Italian Castello dei Pico) is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy.

Famous in Europe as a legendary impregnable fortress, it belonged to the House of Pico della Mirandola, who ruled over the city for four centuries (1311-1711) and who enriched it in the Renaissance period with important pieces of art.

The castle, that dominates the long Costituente square and Circonvallazione boulevard (built in place of the ancient walls, demolished during the 19th century), was restored in 2006 after many years of neglect, but was then severely damaged by the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes, which made it unusable again.
Church Warsop
Church Warsop  is a village in Nottinghamshire, England. It is located 1 mile north of Market Warsop, on the north side of the River Meden, and is within the Warsop civil parish. Church Warsop leads onto the village of Cuckney via Cuckney Hill. This area is part of Mansfield District.

The parish church of St Peter and St Paul is early Norman.

Warsop
Warsop is a civil parish in Mansfield District, Nottinghamshire, England, on the outskirts of the remnants of Sherwood Forest. At the 2021 census the population was 12,644 residents, including the settlements of Market Warsop, Church Warsop, Warsop Vale, Meden Vale, Sookholme and Spion Kop.
Gleneagles (horse)
Gleneagles (foaled 12 January 2012) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. After finishing fourth on his debut, he finished first in his remaining five races as a two-year-old in 2014 and was named Cartier Champion Two-year-old Colt. He won the Tyros Stakes, Futurity Stakes and National Stakes in Ireland before being disqualified after crossing the line in first place in the Prix Jean-Luc Lagardère in France. On his three-year-old debut he won the 2000 Guineas and followed up in the Irish 2,000 Guineas three weeks later. In June he added a win in the St James's Palace Stakes at Royal Ascot.

Cartier Champion Two-year-old Colt
The Cartier Champion Two-year-old Colt is an award in European horse racing, founded in 1991, and sponsored by Cartier SA as part of the Cartier Racing Awards. The award winner is decided by points earned in group races plus the votes cast by British racing journalists and readers of the Racing Post and The Daily Telegraph newspapers.
AAXICO Airlines
AAXICO Airlines was an airline based in the United States.  AAXICO is an acronym for American Air Export and Import Company. Initially founded as a non-scheduled airline or irregular air carrier, AAXICO was awarded certification as a scheduled air cargo airline in 1955 by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct Federal agency that, at the time, tightly regulated almost all US commercial air transportation. However, in 1962 AAXICO reverted to a supplemental air carrier. In 1965, it was nominally bought by Saturn Airways, another supplemental airline, but AAXICO was the surviving management and ownership. In its later years, AAXICO was noted for its consistent profitability, financial strength and its near total focus on flying for the military, in particular for the Air Force Logair domestic air freight program.

A related company of the same name, owned by the family that controlled AAXICO Airlines, remained in the aircraft parts business until it was sold in 2012.

Logair
Logair (1954–1992), short for Logistic Airlift, was a domestic United States Air Force virtual airline that contracted carriers to fly cargo between Air Force bases, initially under the aegis of the Air Materiel Command (AMC) (not to be confused with Air Mobility Command). The program was first called Mercury Service but American Airlines then used the same name for coast-to-coast flights, so this quickly changed. Logair was a key source of demand for early US airfreight carriers, some of which became Logair specialists. Over time, its relative importance to the airline industry faded. The program was a victim of post-Cold War spending cuts and availability of robust commercial networks such as FedEx. The US Navy ran a similar service called Quicktrans (1950–1994).
Consort Dowager An
Consort Dowager An (Chinese: 安太妃; personal name unknown) (died 949) was the mother of Shi Chonggui (Emperor Chu), the second and final emperor of the Chinese Later Jin dynasty. As he inherited his throne from his uncle (Lady An's brother-in-law) Shi Jingtang (Emperor Gaozu), he honored Shi Jingtang's wife Empress Li empress dowager, leaving Lady An with the lesser title of consort dowager. After Later Jin's destruction by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, she followed him into exile deep in Liao territory and died there.

Shi Jingtang
Shi Jingtang (Chinese: 石敬瑭; 30 March 892 – 28 July 942), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin (後晉高祖), was the founding emperor of the Later Jin dynasty of China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 936 until his death.

Shi was an ethnic Shatuo and was an important military general for the Later Tang before rebelling in 936. He enlisted the help of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in his struggle against the Later Tang dynasty. For this he was called Emperor Taizong of Liao's adopted son (even though he was 10 years older).

After Shi's rise to power, the Liao would later annex the strategically crucial Sixteen Prefectures and eventually annex the entire Later Jin. The rise of the Liao in northern China and the Mongolian Plateau would shape Chinese politics for the centuries leading up to the Mongol Empire.