hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Routhian mechanics
In classical mechanics, Routh's procedure or Routhian mechanics is a hybrid formulation of Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics developed by Edward John Routh, who formulated it about 1860. Correspondingly, the Routhian is the function which replaces both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions. Although Routhian mechanics is equivalent to Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics, and introduces no new physics, it offers an alternative way to solve mechanical problems.

Hamiltonian mechanics
In physics, Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that emerged in 1833. Introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Hamiltonian mechanics replaces (generalized) velocities  used in Lagrangian mechanics with (generalized) momenta. Both theories provide interpretations of classical mechanics and describe the same physical phenomena.

Hamiltonian mechanics has a close relationship with geometry (notably, symplectic geometry and Poisson structures) and serves as a link between classical and quantum mechanics.
Zygotene
Zygotene (from Greek for "paired threads") is the second stage of prophase I during meiosis, the specialized cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes. It follows the Leptotene stage and is followed by Pachytene stage.

Pachytene
The pachytene stage (/ˈpækɪtiːn/ PAK-i-teen; from Greek words meaning "thick threads".: 27 ), also known as pachynema, is the third stage of prophase I during meiosis, the specialized cell division that reduces chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes. It follows the zygotene stage and is followed by the stage diplotene.
Kalabsh
Kalabsh (Handcuff) is a 2017 Egyptian drama and suspense television series directed by Peter Mimi and starring Amir Karara in the role of Sleim El-Ansary, a most confident and honest policeman. The series is based on a story written by Yousef Hasan Yousef, then dramatized and scripted by Baher Dewidar.

A sequel was released in 2018 and a third season was released in 2019.

Kalabsh season 2
Kalabsh 2 (Handcuff) is a 2018 Egyptian TV-Series, a sequel to Kalabsh, which was aired on the previous Ramadan season. It was directed by Peter Mimi and written by Baher Dewidar. It was one of the most recognized shows during Ramadan season.

A third season was announced to be aired in Ramadan 2019.
2015 Women's Pan American Challenge
The 2015 Women's Pan American Challenge was the second edition of the Women's Pan American Challenge. It was held between 3 and 11 October 2015 in Chiclayo, Peru, simultaneously with the men's tournament.

Brazil won the tournament for the first time by defeating Barbados 3–1 in the final. Peru won the bronze medal by defeating Puerto Rico 2–1 in the third place playoff.

2015 Men's Pan American Challenge
The 2015 Men's Pan American Challenge was the second edition of the Men's Pan American Challenge. It was held between 3 and 11 October 2015 in Chiclayo, Peru, simultaneously with the women's tournament.

Brazil won the tournament for the first time after defeating Venezuela 1–0 in the final. Uruguay won the bronze medal by defeating Guyana 3–2 in a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw. The top two teams also qualified for the 2017 Pan American Cup.
Addu City
Addu City is a city in Maldives that consists of the inhabited islands of Addu Atoll, the southernmost atoll of the archipelago. Addu City is the second-largest urban area in Maldives, in terms of population, and is one of the two urban areas to get the status of "city" other than the capital city, Malé, and Fuvahmulah. Addu City has 6 districts. They are Hithadhoo, Maradhoo-Feydhoo, Maradhoo, Feydhoo, Meedhoo and Hulhudhoo.  These divisions are naturally islands, but are well connected. In addition, Addu Atoll has other uninhabited islands.

Hithadhoo (Addu)
Hithadhoo (Dhivehi: ހިތަދޫ) is a district of Addu City, in the Maldives. Hithadhoo is the main administrative district of Addu City, with many of the administrative buildings in this district. The town is situated on the island of the same name, the westernmost of Addu Atoll (previously known as Seenu Atoll). In terms of population, Hithadhoo is home to the largest population in Addu City. According to the 2022 Census, with 13,759 residents, Hithadhoo also has the largest population of any administrative island in Maldives, a category that excludes the much larger national capital, Malé.
One-Day Cup (Australia)
The One-Day Cup, for which the prize was renamed the Dean Jones Trophy from the 2024–25 season, is an Australian domestic List A 50-over limited-overs cricket tournament. It has had many different names, formats and teams since the inaugural 1969-1970 season. Initially a knockout cup, the competition now features a single round-robin followed by a finals series.

The tournament is contested between teams representing the six states of Australia, who also compete in the first-class Sheffield Shield. Three other teams have also played in the tournament for short periods: New Zealand's national team competed from 1969–70 until the 1974–75, Australian Capital Territory participated from 1997–98 until 1999–2000, and a select Cricket Australia XI took part as the seventh team for three seasons from 2015–16 until 2017–18. The current champions are South Australia.

Australian Domestic One-Day Cricket Final
The Australian Domestic One-Day Cricket Final is the last match in the domestic List A Limited overs cricket series in Australia. The competition has had many names since its inception; since 2024-25 it has been known as the Dean Jones Trophy.

Under the current competition format, the final is played at the home ground of the team that finishes the regular competition in first place. Under previous competition formats, the final has been played at the home ground of the finalist with the best record in the competition to that point or, in the very early years, at a neutral venue.
The Insyderz
The Insyderz were an American Christian ska-punk band from Detroit, Michigan. They formed in 1996 and disbanded in 2005. The band reformed in 2009, but have not been actively playing shows in the last few years. The Insyderz are one of the "big three" bands which represented the Christian ska scene, alongside the Supertones and Five Iron Frenzy.

The O.C. Supertones
The Orange County Supertones (a.k.a. The O.C. Supertones, or simply The Supertones) were a Christian ska band from Orange County, California. The band was signed to Tooth & Nail Records and its imprint, BEC Recordings, before becoming an independent band. The band temporarily disbanded in 2005, reunited in 2010 to resume touring and recording, and permanently disbanding in 2017. The OC Supertones were one of the first widely successful Christian ska bands.
Gold City
Gold City is an American southern gospel quartet based in Gadsden, Alabama. Formed in 1980, the group was one of the most successful quartets through the 1980s and 1990s, charting ten number one hits in Singing News magazine and being host to many icons in the Christian music industry, including Brian Free, Ivan Parker, Mark Trammell, Mike LeFevre, and Tim Riley.

Mark Trammell Quartet
Mark Trammell Quartet, previously Mark Trammell Trio, is a Southern gospel quartet, founded by Mark Trammell, who formerly sang with the Kingsmen Quartet, Gold City Quartet, The Cathedrals, and Greater Vision.
Regicides Trail
Regicides Trail is a Blue-Blazed hiking trail, about 7 miles (11 km) long, roughly following the edge of a diabase, or traprock, cliff northwest of New Haven, Connecticut. It is named for two regicides, Edward Whalley and his son-in-law William Goffe, who signed the death warrant of King Charles I of England. Upon the restoration of Charles II to the throne and the persecution of the regicides, the pair hid in Judges Cave near the south end of the trail in 1660.  The Regicides is widely known to be one of the most technical trails within the CT Blue-Blazed trail system.

West Rock Ridge State Park
West Rock Ridge State Park is a public recreation area located in New Haven, Hamden, and Woodbridge, Connecticut. The state park is named for the 400-to-700-foot (120 to 210 m) trap rock West Rock Ridge, which is part of the Metacomet Ridge extending from Long Island Sound to the Vermont border. The park's 7 miles (11 km) of open west-facing cliffs offer vistas encompassing Metropolitan New Haven and suburban towns to the west. The park includes Judges Cave, a colonial era historic site; Lake Wintergreen; and the 7-mile (11 km) Regicides Trail, part of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association's Blue Trail system. The park is part of a larger area of protected open space including state, municipal, and non-profit owned land.
Radoslav Tsonev
Radoslav Aleksandrov Tsonev (Bulgarian: Радослав Александров Цонев; born on 29 April 1995) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bulgarian First League club Botev Vratsa. He is a twin brother of Borislav Tsonev.

Borislav Tsonev
Borislav Aleksandrov Tsonev (Bulgarian: Борислав Александров Цонев; born 29 April 1995) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for First Professional Football League club CSKA 1948. He is a twin brother of Radoslav Tsonev.
Fort de Roppe
Fort de Roppe, also known as Fort Ney, was built between 1875 and 1877. It is part of the second ring of fortifications around the city of Belfort in northeastern France. This set of forts was built as part of the Séré de Rivières system and incorporated improvements to deal with the improvement in efficacy of artillery in the late 19th century.

Fortified region of Belfort
The fortified region of Belfort (place fortifiée de Belfort) formed the first line of defense in the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications in the Belfort Gap. Located in northeastern France between Épinal and Besançon, the primary line was built in the late 19th century to deal with advances in artillery that had made older defensive systems obsolete.
San Mateo Mountains (Socorro County, New Mexico)
The San Mateo Mountains are a mountain range in Socorro County, in west-central New Mexico in the southwestern United States.  The highest point in the range is West Blue Mountain, at 10,336 ft (3,151 m).  The range runs roughly north–south and is about 40 miles (64 km) long.  It lies about 25 miles (40 km) north-northwest of the town of Truth or Consequences and about 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Socorro.  They should not be confused with the identically named range in Cibola and McKinley counties, north of this range.

Most of the San Mateo Mountains are within the Magdalena Ranger District of the Cibola National Forest.  There are two designated wilderness areas in the range, the Apache Kid Wilderness 44,650 acres (181 km2) and the Withington Wilderness 18,869 acres (76 km2). There are three Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRA) within the San Mateos: the Apache Kid Contiguous IRA (67,570 acres), the San Jose IRA (16,957 acres), and the White Cap IRA (8,039).

Withington Wilderness
The Withington Wilderness is a 19,000-acre designated Wilderness area located within the Cibola National Forest in western New Mexico. Located in the Magdalena Ranger District, approximately 20 miles southwest of Magdalena, New Mexico, the wilderness area lies around 10,100 ft. Mount Withington, on the eastern slope of the San Mateo Mountains in Socorro County, New Mexico, United States.
6.5×50mmSR Arisaka
The 6.5×50mmSR Arisaka (designated as the 6,5 × 51 R (Arisaka) by the C.I.P.) is a semi-rimmed rifle cartridge with a 6.705 mm (.264 in) diameter bullet. It was the standard Japanese military cartridge from 1897 until the late 1930s for service rifles and machine guns when it was gradually replaced by the 7.7×58mm Arisaka.

7.7×58mm Arisaka
The 7.7×58mm Arisaka cartridge was the standard military cartridge for the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service during World War II. The 7.7×58mm cartridge was designed as the successor of the 6.5×50mmSR cartridge for rifles and machine guns but was never able to fully replace it by the end of the war.
Heaven's Lost Property the Movie: The Angeloid of Clockwork
Heaven's Lost Property the Movie: The Angeloid of Clockwork (劇場版 そらのおとしもの 時計じかけの哀女神(エンジェロイド), Gekijōban Sora no Otoshimono: Tokei-jikake no Enjeroido) is a 2011 Japanese anime fantasy film based on the manga and anime series Heaven's Lost Property by Suu Minazuki. It was released on June 25, 2011, in Japan under the directorship of Hisashi Saitō. The film covers events involving Hiyori Kazane. The DVD version was released on February 24, 2012, in Japan. Funimation licensed the film and released it on February 26, 2013.

Heaven's Lost Property
Heaven's Lost Property (Japanese: そらのおとしもの, Hepburn: Sora no Otoshimono; lit., "Lost Property of the Sky" or "Misplaced by Heaven"), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Suu Minazuki. The plot revolves around Tomoki Sakurai, a boy who desires to live a peaceful life but encounters a fallen girl with wings, named Ikaros, who becomes his servant.

The manga began monthly serialization in the May 2007 issue of manga magazine Shōnen Ace and concluded with the March 2014 issue. The first tankōbon was released by Kadokawa Shoten on September 26, 2007, with a total of 20 volumes released. An anime adaptation produced by AIC aired in Japan in 2009, followed with a second season, a feature film, and two video games. A second film was released in Japan on April 26, 2014. The anime is licensed in North America and Australia for home video and streaming by Funimation, which is now known as Crunchyroll, LLC.
Spanish Alternative
Spanish Alternative (Spanish: Alternativa Española, AES) (listenⓘ) is a far-right political party in Spain. It describes itself as "social Christian and cross-sectional". Its Secretary General is the lawyer and businessman Rafael López-Diéguez, former member of the far-right New Force, active formation during the Transition and managed by his father-in-law, the historic leader Blas Piñar, who was named honorary president of AES, a post which he held until his death in January 2014.

New Force (Spain)
New Force (Spanish: Fuerza Nueva, FN) was a far-right political party in Spain founded by Blas Piñar, director of the Institute of Hispanic Culture and longtime procurador in the Cortes Españolas during the Francoist period. Originally operating as a publishing house, FN sought to preserve Francoism in Spain during the transition to democracy. After its dissolution as a political party in 1982, it continued to operate as a publishing house under the same name, and its political activities and stylings were succeeded by the National Front party.
Pravin Rai Mahal
25°21′06″N 78°38′41″E﻿ / ﻿25.35167°N 78.64472°E﻿ / 25.35167; 78.64472

Pravin Rai Mahal is a palace in Madhya Pradesh built by prince (and later King) Indrajit Singh in 1618. It was built for his love interest, Pravin Rai, who was a beautiful poet and musician, also known as the "Nightingale of Orchha". It is a state protected monument. The other names of this palace are  Anand Mandal Bagh and Rai Praveen Manika Bhavan. It is also known as 'Tope Khana' since later in time, it was used as a lookout post for Orchha Fort.

Orchha Fort complex
The Orchha Fort complex, which houses a large number of ancient monuments consisting of the fort, palaces, temple, and other edifices, is located in the Orchha town in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The fort and other structures within it were built by the Bundela Rajputs starting from the early 16th century by King Rudra Pratap Singh of the Orchha State and others who followed him.

The fort complex, which is accessed from an arched causeway, leads to a large gateway. This is followed by a large quadrangular open yard surrounded by palaces. These are Raja Mahal or Raja Mandir, Sheesh Mahal, Jahangir Mahal, a temple, gardens and pavilions. The battlements of the fort have ornamentation. Notable architectural features in the fort complex are projecting balconies, open flat areas and decorated latticed windows.
2020 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 2 March 2020 to elect members of the twenty-third Knesset. The result was initially a stalemate, which was resolved when Likud and Blue & White reached a coalition agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the premiership would rotate between Benjamin Netanyahu and Benny Gantz, with Gantz given the new position of Alternate Prime Minister until November 2021. These elections followed the continued political deadlock after the April and September 2019 Knesset elections.

September 2019 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 17 September 2019 to elect the 120 members of the 22nd Knesset. Following the previous elections in April, incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu failed to form a governing coalition. On 30 May, the Knesset voted to dissolve itself and trigger new elections, in order to prevent Blue and White party leader Benny Gantz from being appointed Prime Minister-designate. This election marked the first time the Knesset voted to dissolve itself before a government had been formed.
Children's Museum at Holyoke
The Children's Museum at Holyoke is a children's museum in Holyoke, Massachusetts, featuring participatory art, exhibits related to science, daily life, and an elaborate climbing area. The museum is located Downtown, within Holyoke Heritage State Park, in the renovated Sheldon Building of the former William Skinner and Sons silk mill complex.

Holyoke Heritage State Park
Holyoke Heritage State Park is history-oriented state park located in the city of Holyoke, Massachusetts. The park opened in 1986 on the site of the William Skinner Silk Mill which was lost to fire in 1980. The park is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference
The 2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference of the Parties (COP16) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was a conference that was held from 21 October to 1 November 2024, in Cali, Colombia. The monitoring framework agreed at the previous conference should allow the progress of the countries towards national goals and targets under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to be evaluated.

Following a partial collapse in the original negotiations, an extended session of the COP16 was held in Rome, Italy, from 25 to 27 February 2025, as the participating nations eventually agreed on a roadmap to provide developing countries with US$200 billion a year to finance the implementation of conservation targets by 2030.

2022 United Nations Biodiversity Conference
The 2022 United Nations Biodiversity Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was a conference held in Montreal, Canada, which led to the international agreement to protect 30% of land and oceans by 2030 (30 by 30) and the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Diocese of Kayes
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kayes (Latin: Kayesen(sis), French: Diocèse catholique romain de Kayes) is a diocese located in the city of Kayes in the ecclesiastical province of Bamako in Mali.

On Thursday, January 31, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI appointed the Reverend Father Jonas Dembélé, up until then serving (as a member of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San in San, Mali) as a pastor and as secretary of the National Union of Priests of Mali, as the bishop-elect of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kayes, in Kayes, Mali, succeeding Bishop Joseph Dao, who retired in 2011.

Archdiocese of Bamako
The Archdiocese of Bamako is the Metropolitan Archdiocesan See for the ecclesiastical province which covers all and only Mali. It depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

The cathedral seat of the archbishop is the Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in the national capital Bamako.
GS Group
GS Group is one of the largest South Korean conglomerates. GS comprises GS Holdings, subsidiaries & affiliates including GS Caltex, GS Retail, GS Shop, GS EPS, GS Global, GS Sports and GS E&C among others. The asset size is 65.4 trillion KRW at the end of 2019 placing GS as the 8th largest chaebol in Korea excluding the public business companies.

GS Holdings was incorporated in July 2004 and officially split from LG Group in January 2005, with the Koo family gaining full control over LG Group and the Huh family creating GS Holdings.

Convenience stores and other retail companies which formerly operated under the LG logo were rebranded as "GS", which like "LG", comes from the old name, "Lucky-Goldstar".

In December 2005, the company acquired 70% of the shares of GS EPS Co., Ltd. (formerly LG Energy Co., Ltd.) from GS E&C Corporation and LG International Corp.

LG
LG Corporation (or LG Group), formerly known as Lucky-Goldstar, is a South Korean multinational conglomerate founded by Koo In-hwoi in 1947 and managed by successive generations of his family. Headquartered in the LG Twin Towers building in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District, in Seoul, it was the sixth-largest company in South Korea by revenue in 2023. LG develops, manufactures, and markets electronics, chemicals, household appliances, and telecommunications products. It operates subsidiaries in over 80 countries, including LG Electronics, Zenith, LG Display, LG Uplus, LG Innotek, LG Chem, LG Energy Solution, and LG AI Research.
Virginia and Truckee 12 Genoa
Virginia and Truckee Railroad 12, nicknamed Genoa, is a 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in January 1873 for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad (VT). it is one of three largely identical 4-4-0 locomotives built by Baldwin for the railroad, the others being the Reno and the Inyo, and one of four V&T 4-4-0's preserved (the aforementioned three and the Dayton).

Virginia and Truckee 11 Reno
Virginia and Truckee Railroad 11, the "Reno", is a 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive. It is one of three largely identical 4-4-0 locomotives built by Baldwin for the railroad, the others being the Genoa and the Inyo, and one of four V&T 4-4-0's preserved (the aforementioned three as well as the Dayton). The engine is one of Hollywood's most prodigious Flanged Star, starring in over 120 films, commercials, and television episodes starting in 1937. Today, the 2nd oldest surviving example of the Baldwin 4-4-0 type is undergoing restoration at her original home in Virginia City, Nevada.
2024 Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship
The 2024 Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship was the 21st edition of the Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship, the biennial international women's under-21 field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

The tournament was hosted by Atlètic Terrassa Hockey Club in Terrassa, Spain from 14 to 20 July 2024, concurrently with the men's tournament. The tournament served as one of three European Qualifiers for the 2025 FIH Junior World Cup, with the top six participating nations gaining qualification.

The Netherlands won a record-extending 11th title by defeating the hosts Spain 5–3 in the final. England won the bronze medal by defeating the defending champions Germany 1–0.

2024 Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship
The 2024 Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship was the 21st edition of the Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship, the biennial international men's under-21 field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

It was hosted by Atlètic Terrassa Hockey Club at Can Salas in Terrassa, Spain alongside the women's tournament from 14 to 20 July 2024. The top six teams qualified for the 2025 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup.

The Netherlands were the defending champions, winning their tenth title by defeating the defending champions Germany 3–1 in the  2022 final. They could not keep their title this time as the hosts Spain defeated the Netherlands 3–1 in final to win their fourth title. Belgium won the bronze medal by defeating Germany 4–3.