hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Histogram equalization
Histogram equalization is a method in image processing of contrast adjustment using the image's histogram.

Histogram equalization is a specific case of the more general class of histogram remapping methods. These methods seek to adjust the image to make it easier to analyze or improve visual quality (e.g., retinex).

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Anti-Chinese violence in Washington
There were at least several incidents of anti-Chinese violence in Washington, a United States territory and later, a U.S. state, which occurred during the 19th, 20th and 21st century. In the 19th century, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 created hostile attitudes towards the Chinese people residing in the U.S. The act sparked a wave of anti-Chinese riots and murders occurring in Washington, such as the Tacoma Riot of 1885, the Rock Springs massacre and the Hells Canyon massacre in 1887. There were riots and mob actions in Issaquah (then known as Squak or Squak Valley) and Seattle which resulted in at least four people being killed and extensive property damage. Anti-Chinese violence continued throughout the 20th and 21st  centuries, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Chinese Massacre Cove
Chinese Massacre Cove is an area along the Snake River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. It is located in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest and the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, upriver from the Snake's confluence with the Imnaha River. In May 1887, it was the location of the Hells Canyon Massacre, where up to thirty-four Chinese gold miners were ambushed, murdered, and robbed.
General Assembly of Uruguay
The General Assembly of Uruguay (Spanish: Asamblea General de Uruguay) is the bicameral legislature of the government of Uruguay,  and consists of two chambers: the Chamber of Senators and the Chamber of Representatives. General Assembly has 130 voting members: 99 representatives and 30 senators, the Vice President of the Republic, who serves as President of the General Assembly, and the Senate has the right to vote. The legislature meets in the Legislative Palace in Montevideo. Both senators and representatives are chosen through proportional representation for five-year terms.

The General Assembly holds its sessions in the Chamber of Representatives of the Legislative Palace. During the 19th century, the legislature met in the Montevideo Cabildo.

Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay
The Chamber of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de Representantes) is the lower house of the General Assembly of Uruguay (Asamblea General de Uruguay). The Chamber has 99 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with at least two members per department.

The composition and powers of the Chamber of Representatives are established by Article Ninety of the Uruguayan Constitution. It also requires that members must be aged at least 25 and have been a citizen of Uruguay for five years. It is the competence of the Chamber of Representatives to accuse in the Senate members of both houses, the President and Vice President of the Republic, the Ministers of State, the members of the Supreme Court, the Administrative Litigation Court, the Court of Accounts and the Electoral Court, either for violating the Constitution or other serious crimes.
Kamioka Observatory
The Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo (神岡宇宙素粒子研究施設, Kamioka Uchū Soryūshi Kenkyū Shisetsu; Japanese pronunciation: [kamioka ɯtɕɯː soɾʲɯꜜːɕi keŋkʲɯː ɕiꜜsetsɯ]) is a neutrino and gravitational waves laboratory located underground in the Mozumi mine of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Co. near the Kamioka section of the city of Hida in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Multiple neutrino experiments have taken place at the observatory over two decades. The experiments have contributed to the advancement of particle physics, in particular to the study of neutrino astronomy and neutrino oscillation.

Hida, Gifu
Hida (飛騨市, Hida-shi) or Hida Furukawa (飛騨古川, Hida Furukawa) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 December 2017, the city had an estimated population of 24,726, and a population density of 31 persons per km2, in 8,905 households. The total area of the city was 792.53 square kilometres (306.00 sq mi). The official kanji for the city is actually 飛驒, which uses the old rendering of the 騨 character. However, the 驒 character is not included on the official list of usable characters (as decided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), so the 騨 character is often used outside of the city.
Vincent d'Indy
Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (French: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ dɛ̃di]; 27 March 1851 – 2 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the Paris Conservatoire. His students included Albéric Magnard, Albert Roussel, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Yvonne Rokseth, and Erik Satie, as well as Cole Porter.

D'Indy studied under composer César Franck, and was strongly influenced by Franck's admiration for German music. At a time when nationalist feelings were high in both countries (circa the Franco-Prussian War of 1871), this brought Franck into conflict with other musicians who wished to separate French music from German influence.

Arthur Honegger
Oscar-Arthur Honegger (French: [aʁtyʁ ɔnɛɡɛʁ]; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. Honegger was a member of Les Six. For Halbreich, Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher is "more even than Le Roi David or Pacific 231, his most universally popular work".
Independence Day of Ukraine
Independence Day of Ukraine (Ukrainian: День Незалежності України, romanized: Den Nezalezhnosti Ukrainy, IPA: [ˈdɛnʲ nezɐˈlɛʒnos⁽ʲ⁾t⁽ʲ⁾i ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is a state holiday in Ukraine, celebrated on 24 August in commemoration of the Declaration of Independence of 1991.

Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR (Verkhovna Rada) on 24 August 1991.

The Act reestablished Ukraine's state independence from the Soviet Union. The declaration was affirmed by a majority of Ukrainians in all regions of Ukraine by an independence referendum on 1 December, followed by international recognition starting on the following day. Ukrainian independence led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union by 26 December 1991.
Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census tabulated Rockville's population at 67,117, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in Maryland.

Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, has several upscale regional shopping centers.

Gaithersburg, Maryland
Gaithersburg (/ˈɡeɪθərzbɜːrɡ/ ⓘ GAY-thərz-burg) is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Gaithersburg had a population of 69,657, making it the third-largest incorporated city and the ninth-most populous community in the state. Gaithersburg is located to the northwest of Washington, D.C., and is considered a suburb and a primary city within the Washington metropolitan area. Gaithersburg was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1968.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is headquartered in Gaithersburg directly west of I-270. Other major employers in the city include IBM, Lockheed Martin Information Systems and Global Services business area headquarters, AstraZeneca. Gaithersburg is also the location of the garrison of the United States Army Reserve Legal Command.
The Adventures of the Wilderness Family
The Adventures of the Wilderness Family (also known as The Wilderness Family) is a 1975 American family adventure drama film directed by Stewart Raffill and starring Robert Logan, George Buck Flower and Susan Damante-Shaw. The film is about Skip Robinson and his family who decide to move from Los Angeles, California to a new home in the majestic Rocky Mountains, where Skip builds a log cabin and the children befriend wild animals. As the intrepid Robinsons make a simpler life for themselves off the grid, they discover that, in the wilderness, each day brings its own adventure.

The Adventures of the Wilderness Family was released in theaters on December 19, 1975, by Pacific International Enterprises, and grossed $28.8 million. The film had two sequels: The Further Adventures of the Wilderness Family (1978, also known as Wilderness Family Part 2) and Mountain Family Robinson (1979). The filming location was the Gunnison National Forest in the state of Colorado.

The Further Adventures of the Wilderness Family
The Further Adventures of the Wilderness Family (a.k.a. Wilderness Family Part 2) is a 1978 adventure/family movie that stars Robert Logan, George Buck Flower, and Susan Damante-Shaw and is a sequel to The Adventures of the Wilderness Family. In this sequel to the first movie, Heather Rattray now plays the role of Jenny Robinson.

Barry Williams (Greg Brady from The Brady Bunch) sings some of the songs in the soundtrack of this movie. The third and final film in this family film series, Mountain Family Robinson, was released in 1979.
David Konstant
David Every Konstant (16 June 1930 – 9 October 2016) was an English prelate and the Bishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds, England. Konstant had served as the eighth Roman Catholic Bishop of Leeds, being succeeded by Arthur Roche and, before that, as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Westminster, England's principal Catholic diocese and as Titular Bishop of Betagbarar.

Arthur Roche
Arthur Roche (born 6 March 1950) is a British bishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church. He has been prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments since 2021. He was previously secretary of the congregation from 2012 to 2021.

Before his service in the Roman Curia, Roche was Bishop of Leeds from 2004 to 2012. He was coadjutor bishop of Leeds under Bishop David Konstant (2002–2004) and before that an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Westminster (2001–2002). He was appointed an archbishop when he joined the Roman Curia in 2012.

On 27 August 2022, Pope Francis elevated him to the College of Cardinals.
Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma
Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma (2 October 1802 – 18 March 1857) was a Princess of Parma and member of the House of Bourbon. She was married to Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony until his death, and had two later husbands.

Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
Prince Maximilian of Saxony (Maximilian Maria Joseph Anton Johann Baptist Johann Evangelista Ignaz Augustin Xavier Aloys Johann Nepomuk Januar Hermenegild Agnellis Paschalis; 13 April 1759 – 3 January 1838) was a German prince and a member of the House of Wettin. He was the sixth child; however, the third child to survive childhood, and youngest surviving son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, and the German composer Duchess Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria.
Cisco IOS XR
IOS XR is a release train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetwork Operating System (IOS), used on their high-end Network Convergence System (NCS) and carrier-grade routers such as the ASR 9000 series and Carrier Routing System series of routers.

Carrier Routing System
Carrier Routing System (CRS) is a modular and distributed core router developed by Cisco Systems Inc that enables service providers to deliver data, voice, and video services over a scalable IP Next-Generation Network (NGN) infrastructure. In a network topology, these routers are generally positioned in the core or edge of a service provider network. They are also used by Over-the-top content providers and large enterprises. It supports a wide range of interface speeds and types such as channelized OC3, OC12 to OC768 on Packet over SONET and from 1GE, 10GE all the way to 100GE on the Ethernet technologies. A standalone CRS-3 system can handle 2.2 Tbit/s and a multi-chassis system could be designed to handle 322 Tbit/s.
Jeremiah 43
Jeremiah 43 is the forty-third chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to 44. Chapters 42-44 describe the emigration to Egypt involving the remnant who remained in Judah after much of the population was exiled to Babylon. In this chapter, Jeremiah performs in Egypt one of the sign-acts distinctive of his prophetic style.

Jeremiah 42
Jeremiah 42 is the forty-second chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to 44. Chapters 42-44 describe the emigration to Egypt involving the remnant who remained in Judah after much of the population was exiled to Babylon. In this chapter, the leaders of the community ask Jeremiah to seek divine guidance as to whether they should go to Egypt or remain in Judah, but they are found to be hypocrites in asking for advice which they intended to ignore.
Manuel Chrysoloras
Manuel (or Emmanuel) Chrysoloras (Greek: Μανουὴλ Χρυσολωρᾶς; c. 1350 – 15 April 1415) was a Byzantine Greek classical scholar, humanist, philosopher, professor, and translator of ancient Greek texts during the Renaissance. Serving as the ambassador for the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos in medieval Italy, he became a renowned teacher of Greek literature and history in the republics of Florence and Venice, and today he's widely regarded as a pioneer in the introduction of ancient Greek literature to Western Europe during the Late Middle Ages.

Manuel II Palaiologos
Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μανουὴλ Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Manouḗl Palaiológos, pronounced [ma.nuˈil pa.le.oˈlo.ɣos]; 27 June 1350 – 21 July 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. Shortly before his death he was tonsured a monk and received the name Matthaios (Ματθαίος). Manuel was a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, which sometimes threatened to capture his territory outright. Accordingly he continued his father's practice of soliciting Western European aid against the Ottomans, and personally visited several foreign courts to plead his cause. These efforts failed, although an Ottoman civil war and Byzantine victories against Latin neighbors helped Manuel's government survive and slightly expand its influence. His wife Helena Dragaš saw to it that their sons, John VIII and Constantine XI, became emperors. He is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church on 21 July.
Eversen (Bergen)
Eversen is a village in the town of Bergen in the northern part of Celle district on the Lüneburg Heath in the north German state of Lower Saxony.

Although Eversen was mentioned for the first time in a feudal register dating from 1330, the earliest archaeological discoveries stem from the Paleolithic period. The village is on the edge of the Südheide Nature Park and was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into the borough of Bergen in 1973. It has an area of 3,328 hectares (8,220 acres) and a population of 1,270 inhabitants (2019).

Bergen, Lower Saxony
Bergen (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁɡn̩] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Bargen) is a town in the north of Celle district on the Lüneburg Heath, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Administratively it acts as a municipal borough divided into 12 subordinate parishes based on the town and its surrounding villages: Becklingen, Belsen, Bergen, Bleckmar, Diesten, Dohnsen, Eversen, Hagen, Hassel, Offen, Sülze and Wardböhmen. Bergen-Belsen concentration camp was located in the area of Belsen.

The town had 13,099 inhabitants according to the census conducted in December 2008. Members of the British military and their families, who were not included in the census, brought the actual population to about 17,000. These soldiers occupied a NATO base and exercise on the Bergen-Hohne Training Area just outside the town, but the base closed in summer 2015 as part of the British Army's withdrawal from Germany. The Sieben Steinhäuser, a cluster of dolmens dating from the Stone Age, are located within the training area.
Peter II of Tarentaise
Peter (1102 – 14 September 1174), usually known as Peter of Tarentaise (French: Pierre de Tarentaise), was a Cistercian monk who served as the archbishop of Tarentaise (as Peter II) from 1141 until his death.

In 1132, he founded Tamié Abbey as a daughter house of Bonnevaux Abbey. Peter tried to refuse an elevation to the episcopate though his superiors and Bernard of Clairvaux insisted that he accept the position. As archbishop, he had special care for the poor, the ill, and those who traveled the Alpine passes.

Peter died in 1174 as he attempted to mediate between feuding monarchs after a serious but brief illness. Miracles were reported at his tomb after his death and this led Pope Celestine III to canonize Peter as a saint in mid-1191.

Ancient Diocese of Tarentaise
The Archdiocese of Tarentaise (Latin: Tarantasiensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese and archdiocese in France, with its see in Moûtiers, in the Tarentaise Valley in Savoie. It was established as a diocese in the 5th century, elevated to archdiocese in 794, and disbanded in 1801. The diocese of Tarentaise was again formed in 1825, and united with the diocese of Chambéry and diocese of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne to form the Archdiocese of Chambéry, Maurienne and Tarentaise in 1966.
South Fork New River
The South Fork New River is a river in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

It stretches from its headwaters at a spring near Blowing Rock and the Eastern Continental Divide and meanders northward along the northwestern face of the Blue Ridge Mountains through the eastern and central portions of Watauga County and then Ashe County in northwestern North Carolina, passing through the town of Boone. It joins the North Fork New River in Ashe County to form the New River.  Its waters ultimately reach the Gulf of Mexico through the Kanawha River, the Ohio River, and the Mississippi River. Its tributaries include Winkler's Creek, Boone (Kraut) Creek and Payne Branch.

North Fork New River
The North Fork New River is a river in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  It rises in Northern Watauga County, and flows northeast to Ashe County where it joins with the South Fork New River to form the New River.
Martin Crane
Martin Crane (born c. May 1930s; died 2023) is a fictional character from the American television show Frasier, and was played by John Mahoney. An army veteran and retired police detective, he is the father of Frasier and Niles Crane.

Niles Crane
Niles Crane (born 1957) is a fictional character on the American sitcom Frasier, a spin-off of the television show Cheers. He was portrayed by David Hyde Pierce. Niles is the younger brother of Frasier Crane (played by Kelsey Grammer).

Pierce was hired because Frasier producers saw his headshot and commented on how much he looked like a young Grammer. Unlike Frasier, part of whose background comes from Cheers, Niles's background is established over the course of Frasier.

Pierce has said that his character was originally explained to him as "what Frasier would be if he had never gone to Boston and never been exposed to the people at Cheers." Anita Gates of The New York Times wrote in 1998 that "the difference between the brothers is that Frasier knows they're being pretentious; Niles honestly doesn't".
Idaho State Highway 128
State Highway 128 (SH-128) is a 2.2-mile-long (3.5 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Idaho, serving the city of Lewiston in Nez Perce County. The highway travels east along the Clearwater River within Lewiston from Washington State Route 128 (SR 128) to U.S. Route 12 (US 12). It was created in 1989 after improvements were made to an existing county road.

U.S. Route 12 in Idaho
U.S. Route 12 (US-12) is a United States Numbered Highway in North Central Idaho. It extends 174.410 miles (280.686 km) from the Washington state line in Lewiston east to the Montana state line at Lolo Pass, generally along the route of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, and is known as the Northwest Passage Scenic Byway. It was previously known as the Lewis and Clark Highway.
Thommanum Makkalum
Thommanum Makkalum (English: Thomman and Sons) is a 2005 Indian Malayalam-language action comedy film directed by Shafi, written by Benny P. Nayarambalam, and produced by Lal under his production house Lal Creations. The film stars Rajan P. Dev, Mammootty and Lal in the titular roles.

Shafi remade the film in Tamil as Majaa (2005) and in Kannada as Kaamannana Makkalu (2008).

Majaa
Majaa (transl. Fun) is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film directed by Shafi and produced by Rockline Venkatesh. It is a remake of the director's own Malayalam film Thommanum Makkalum (2005). The film stars Vikram, Asin, and Pasupathy, while Manivannan, Vadivelu, Vijayakumar, Biju Menon (in his Tamil debut), Murali, and Abu Salim (reprising his role from the original) play supporting roles. The music was composed by Vidyasagar. It tells the story of two adopted children changing from their old, mischievous ways of life.
GeForce RTX 40 series
The GeForce RTX 40 series is a family of consumer graphics processing units (GPUs) in Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics cards, succeeding the GeForce RTX 30 series. The series was announced on September 20, 2022, at the GPU Technology Conference, and launched on October 12, 2022, starting with its flagship model, the RTX 4090. It was succeeded by the GeForce RTX 50 series, which debuted on January 30, 2025, after being previously announced at CES.

The cards are based on Nvidia's Ada Lovelace architecture and feature Nvidia RTX's third-generation RT cores for hardware-accelerated real-time ray tracing, and fourth-generation deep-learning-focused Tensor Cores.

Ada Lovelace (microarchitecture)
Ada Lovelace, also referred to simply as Lovelace, is a graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture developed by Nvidia as the successor to the Ampere architecture, officially announced on September 20, 2022. It is named after the 19th century English mathematician Ada Lovelace, one of the first computer programmers. Nvidia announced the architecture along with the GeForce RTX 40 series consumer GPUs and the RTX 6000 Ada Generation workstation graphics card. The Lovelace architecture is fabricated on TSMC's custom 4N process which offers increased efficiency over the previous Samsung 8 nm and TSMC N7 processes used by Nvidia for its previous-generation Ampere architecture.