hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Billy Conn
William David Conn (October 8, 1917 – May 29, 1993) was an American professional boxer and Light Heavyweight Champion famed for his fights with Joe Louis. He had a professional boxing record of 63 wins, 11 losses and 1 draw, with 14 wins by knockout. His nickname, throughout most of his career, was "The Pittsburgh Kid." He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 1990.

Joe Louis
Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 – April 12, 1981) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber", Louis is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers of all time. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937 until his temporary retirement in 1949. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. Louis has the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.

Louis's cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first African-American to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during World War II because of his historic rematch with German boxer Max Schmeling in 1938.
Joy Koesten
Joy Koesten (born December 30, 1954) is an American politician who served in the Kansas House of Representatives from the 28th district from 2017 to 2019.

Joy Koesten and her husband launched a campaign to fund an Endowed Professorship in Developmental and Behavioral Health at Children’s Mercy Hospital supporting research into adolescent depression and suicide prevention.

On August 7, 2018, she was defeated in the Republican primary for the 28th district by Kellie Warren. On December 13, 2018, she announced she was changing her party affiliation from Republican to Democratic.

Joy had announced that she will run for the Kansas Senate 11 Seat in the Overland Park/Leawood area on September 15, 2019. She was defeated by Republican Kellie Warren, by a vote of 52.7%, to Koesten's 47.3%.

Kellie Warren
Kellie K. Warren (born February 18, 1969) is an American politician from the state of Kansas, and former real estate attorney. A Republican, Warren serves as a member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 11th District. She has represented the 28th district in the Kansas House of Representatives, based in eastern Johnson County.
Debra Houry
Debra Elaine Houry is an American physician. She served as the Chief Medical Officer and Deputy Director for Program and Science of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention until she resigned in protest at the firing of Susan Monarez.

She previously served as acting principal deputy director and former Director of	the	National Center	for	Injury Prevention and Control.  She was also a tenured faculty at Emory University before moving to CDC.

Susan Monarez
Susan Patricia Coller Monarez (née Coller; born November 6, 1974) is an American microbiologist and public health official serving as the Strategic Health Technology and Funding Advisor for the California Department of Public Health initiative known as the Public Health Network Innovation Exchange. She served as the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, first in an acting capacity from January to March 2025, and then as a confirmed position for under a month from July to August 2025.

Monarez's early career was as an academic microbiologist. She then served in several U.S. government positions as a science administrator, including at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and later as Deputy Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health.
Samvatsari
Saṃvatsari (Sanskrit: संवत्सरी) (lit. Annual Day or fig. Forgiveness Day) is the last day of Paryushana according to the Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism. It falls on Shukla Choth each year in the Jain calendar month of Bhadrapada, somewhere between the middle of August and September in the Gregorian calendar.

On this day, Jains forgive and seek forgiveness for their mistakes committed, knowingly or unknowingly, on all the living beings. A yearly, elaborate penitential retreat called "samvatsari pratikramana" is performed on this day. After the pratikramana, Jains seek forgiveness from all the creatures of the world, including friends and relatives by uttering the phrase — Micchami Dukkadam or its variants like "Khamau Sa", "Uttam Kshama" or "Khamat Khamna".

Paryushana
Paryushana is an annual holy event in Jainism and is usually celebrated in August, September, or October in the Hindu calendar month of Bhadrapad's Shukla Paksha. Jains increase their level of spiritual intensity, often using fasting and prayer/meditation to help. The five main vows are emphasized during this time. There are no set rules, and followers are encouraged to practice according to their abilities and desires. The event lasts for 8 days and ends with the celebration of Samvatsari (forgiveness day).
Gene Taylor (Mississippi politician)
Gary Eugene Taylor (born September 17, 1953) is an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1989 to 2011 and previously a member of the Mississippi State Senate from 1983 to 1989. He was defeated for re-election in 2010 by State Representative Steven Palazzo. In 2014, he changed his long-time membership from the Democratic Party, becoming a Republican. The same year, he ran for election against Palazzo to return to the House of Representatives. Securing only 43 percent of the vote, Taylor lost in the primary.

Following his congressional career, Taylor served on the Hancock County Port and Harbor Commission until 2014. He consulted for the defense industry before becoming a director for Overseas Shipholding Group in 2018.

Steven Palazzo
Steven McCarty Palazzo (/pəˈlɑːzoʊ/ pə-LAH-zoh; born February 21, 1970) is an American politician who  served as the U.S. representative for Mississippi's 4th congressional district from 2011 to 2023. The district included Mississippi's Gulf Coast, Biloxi, Gulfport, Pascagoula, Laurel and Hattiesburg. Palazzo is a member of the Republican Party.

Palazzo defeated 10-term Democratic incumbent Gene Taylor, 52%-47%, in 2010. He represented District 116 in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 2006 to 2011. In 2016, Palazzo was one of two Mississippi Congressmen to endorse President Donald by name. In 2022, Palazzo was endorsed by President Donald Trump during his 2020 election. Palazzo lost renomination to Mike Ezell in the June 28, 2022, Republican primary.
Curiosity: What's Inside the Cube?
Curiosity – What's Inside the Cube? was an experimental video game by Peter Molyneux's studio 22cans. Originally called Curiosity, the game was later renamed to avoid confusion with the Mars rover. The game consisted of a cube that was slowly destroyed by players, with the one player who first reached the centre of the cube promised a "life-changingly amazing" prize. The social experiment ended on 26 May 2013 and was won by Bryan Henderson from Edinburgh, Scotland. The game was met with controversy after the reward – a special role within 22cans' upcoming god game, Godus, and 1% of the revenue earned by that game – ended up being less "life-changing" than claimed, and ultimately nearly nonexistent due to the commercial failure of Godus.

Godus
Godus is a god video game developed by 22cans and published by DeNA. The company launched a Kickstarter campaign to raise funds and met their funding goal on 20 December 2012. Godus was designed by Peter Molyneux, who described it as the spiritual successor to his earlier creation, Populous.  A real-time strategy, combat game spin-off, Godus Wars, was released in 2016. While the mobile versions of Godus continue to be updated, the PC editions of both games never left Steam Early Access, and are no longer available for purchase on the Steam store.
Donnybrook Fair
Donnybrook Fair was a fair that was held in Donnybrook, Dublin, from 1204 to 1855. It has given its name to an Irish jig, a chain of food stores, a broadsheet ballad, and is a slang term for a brawl or riot.

Donnybrook, Dublin
Donnybrook (Irish: Domhnach Broc, meaning 'church of Saint Broc') is a district of Dublin, Ireland, on the southside of the city, in the Dublin 4 postal district. It is home to the Irish public service broadcaster RTÉ and was once part of the Pembroke Township. Its neighbouring suburbs are Ballsbridge, Sandymount, Ranelagh and Clonskeagh.

Donnybrook is also a civil parish mainly situated in the old barony of Dublin.
Bianca Fernandez
Bianca Jolie Fernandez (Spanish: Fernández; born 24 February 2004) is a Canadian tennis player.

Fernandez has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of 606, achieved on 11 September 2023. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of No. 169, achieved on 3 March 2025.

She's the younger sister of Leylah Fernandez.

Leylah Fernandez
Leylah Annie Fernandez (born 6 September 2002) is a Canadian professional tennis player. She has been ranked as high as No. 13 by the WTA on 8 August 2022. Her best doubles ranking is world No. 17, achieved on 23 October 2023. Fernandez won her first WTA Tour title at the 2021 Monterrey Open, and has won five WTA singles titles overall. As a 19-year-old, she finished runner-up at the 2021 US Open to fellow teenager Emma Raducanu, defeating three top-5 players en route to the final, including defending champion Naomi Osaka.

Fernandez played a pivotal role in Canada's first-ever Billie Jean King Cup win in 2023, defeating Jasmine Paolini in the final.
Tony Yarber
Tony Yarber (born April 16, 1978) is an American pastor, educator and politician in Jackson, Mississippi. He was elected as Mayor of Jackson in April 2014 from special election following the death in office of Chokwe Lumumba. A native of Jackson and experienced city councilor, Yarber is noted for his passion for youth causes, and has been described as "a consensus builder". He was succeeded as Mayor of Jackson by his predecessor's son Chokwe Antar Lumumba on July 3, 2017.

Chokwe Antar Lumumba
Chokwe Antar Lumumba (born March 29, 1983) is an American attorney, activist, and politician who served as the 53rd mayor of Jackson, Mississippi, from 2017 to 2025. He was the 7th consecutive African-American to hold the position. In 2024, Lumumba and other officials in the state were indicted on corruption charges. He is the son of former mayor and Black nationalist activist Chokwe Lumumba, who served briefly as mayor of Jackson before his death in 2014.

He was first elected in 2017. In the primary election, Lumumba soundly won the Democratic nomination, defeating both incumbent mayor Tony Yarber and State Senator John Horhn. Lumumba went on to win the general election in a landslide. In 2025, Horhn would end Lumumba's bid for a third term as mayor of Jackson after successfully defeating him in the primary. He is a self-described progressive and socialist. Lumumba has also referred to himself as a political revolutionary.
Domestic goose
A domestic goose is a goose that humans have domesticated and kept for their meat, eggs, or down feathers, or as companion animals. Domestic geese have been derived through selective breeding from the wild greylag goose (Anser anser domesticus) and swan goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus).

Swan goose
The swan goose (Anser cygnoides) is a large goose with a natural breeding range in inland Mongolia, Northeast China, and the Russian Far East. It is migratory and winters mainly in central and eastern China. Vagrant birds are encountered in Japan and Korea (where it used to winter in numbers when it was more common), and more rarely in Kazakhstan, Laos, coastal Siberia, Taiwan, Thailand and Uzbekistan.

While uncommon in the wild, this species has been extensively domesticated, when it is known as Chinese goose. Introduced and feral populations of its domestic breeds occur in many places outside its natural range. The wild form is also kept in collections, and escapes are not unusual amongst feral flocks of other Anser and Branta geese.
Antitragicus
The antitragicus is an intrinsic muscle of the outer ear.

In human anatomy, the antitragicus arises from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the cauda helicis (or tail of the helix) and antihelix.

The function of the muscle is to adjusts the shape of the ear by pulling the antitragus and cauda helicis towards each other. While the muscle modifies the auricular shape only minimally in the majority of individuals, this action could increase the opening into the external acoustic meatus in some.

The helicis minor is developmentally derived from the second pharyngeal arch.

Outer ear
The outer ear, external ear, or auris externa is the external part of the ear, which consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal. It gathers sound energy and focuses it on the eardrum (tympanic membrane).
Second Turkic Khaganate
The Second Turkic Khaganate was a khaganate in Central and Eastern Asia founded by Ilterish of the Ashina clan of the Göktürks and lasted from 682 to 744. It was preceded by the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (552–630) and the early Tang dynasty period (630–682). The Second Khaganate was centered on Ötüken in the upper reaches of the Orkhon River. It was succeeded by its subject Toquz Oghuz confederation, which became the Uyghur Khaganate.

Uyghur Khaganate
The Uyghur Khaganate, Khanate, or Empire, self defined as the Toquz Oghuz ("Nine Tribes") and known to the Tang Chinese as the Jiuxing  was a Turkic empire that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. It was a tribal confederation under the Uyghur nobility.
United States Astronaut Hall of Fame
The United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, located inside the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex Heroes & Legends building on Merritt Island, Florida, honors American astronauts and features the world's largest collection of their personal memorabilia, focusing on those astronauts who have been inducted into the Hall. Exhibits include Wally Schirra's Sigma 7 space capsule from the fifth crewed Mercury mission and the Gemini IX spacecraft flown by Gene Cernan and Thomas P. Stafford in 1966.

Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex
The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex is the visitor center at NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida. It features exhibits and displays, historic spacecraft and memorabilia, shows, two IMAX theaters, and a range of bus tours of the spaceport. The "Space Shuttle Atlantis" exhibit contains the Atlantis orbiter and the Shuttle Launch Experience, a simulated ride into space. The center also provides astronaut training experiences, including a multi-axial chair and Mars Base simulator. The visitor complex also has daily presentations from a veteran NASA astronaut.  A bus tour, included with admission, encompasses the separate Apollo/Saturn V Center. There were 1.7 million visitors to the visitor complex in 2016.
Simon Marks, 1st Baron Marks of Broughton
Simon Marks, 1st Baron Marks of Broughton (9 July 1888 – 8 December 1964), was an English retail businessman and baron, the son of Michael Marks, the co-founder of major British multinational company Marks & Spencer.

Michael Marks
Michael Marks (Yiddish: מיכאל מאַרקס; Polish: Michał Marks; 1859? – 31 December 1907) was a Polish-Jewish entrepreneur and later a British businessman, who with Thomas Spencer co-founded the retail chain Marks & Spencer.
Muhammad Amin Asiyalav
Muhammad-Amin Asiyalav or Naib Emin Pasha (Adyghe: Наиб Мыхьэмэд Амин, romanized: Najyb Myhəməd Amin; Avar: МухIаммад Амин Асиялав; Turkish: Naib Emin Paşa; 1818 – 8 April 1901) was a North Caucasian military commander and Islamic preacher of Avar origin who served as the de facto leader of the Circassian Confederation from 1848 to 1859. He was one of the Circassian leaders in the Russo-Circassian War and the third naib (representative) of Imam Shamil.

His era was marked with various reforms in industry, diplomacy, military, administration, religious issues and more. He gradually removed slavery, strictly banned social classes, built schools and small factories.

Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil (26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859), and a Muslim sheikh of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Nicknamed the "Caucasian Eagle", he was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s; his rule was recognized in Dagestan and Chechnya, and indirectly through his representative Muhammad Amin, in Circassia. He is considered a hero by peoples of the Northern Caucasus.
Solarium Augusti
The Solarium Augusti or Horologium Augusti (both Latin for "Sundial of Augustus"; Italian: Orologio di Augusto) was a monument in the Campus Martius of ancient Rome constructed in 10 BCE under the Roman emperor Augustus. It included an Egyptian obelisk that had first been erected under the pharaoh Psamtik II used in some fashion as a gnomon. Once believed to have been a massive sundial, it is now more commonly understood to have been used with a meridian line used to track the solar year. It served as a monument of Augustus having brought Egypt under Roman rule and was also connected with the Altar of Augustan Peace commemorating the Pax Romana established by his ending the numerous civil wars that ended the Roman Republic. The Solarium was destroyed at some point during the Middle Ages. Its recovered obelisk is now known as the Obelisk of Montecitorio.

Obelisk of Montecitorio
The Obelisk of Montecitorio (Italian: Obelisco di Montecitorio), also known as Solare, is an ancient Egyptian, red granite obelisk of Psamtik II (595–589 BC) from Heliopolis. Brought to Rome with the Flaminio Obelisk in 10 BC by the Roman Emperor Augustus to be used as the gnomon of the Solarium Augusti, it is now in the Piazza Montecitorio. It is 21.79 metres (71 ft) high, and 33.97 metres (111 ft) including the base and the globe.
Warren Billings
Warren Knox Billings (July 4, 1893 – September 4, 1972) was a labor leader and political activist, who was convicted with Thomas Mooney of the San Francisco Preparedness Day Bombing of 1916. It is believed that the two were wrongly convicted of a crime they did not commit. Billings served 23 years in prison before being released in 1939 and finally being pardoned in 1961 by governor Edmund G. Brown.

Thomas Mooney
Thomas Joseph Mooney (December 8, 1882 – March 6, 1942) was an American political activist and labor leader, who was convicted with Warren K. Billings of the San Francisco Preparedness Day Bombing of 1916. It quickly became apparent that Mooney and Billings had been convicted based on falsified evidence and perjured testimony; and the Mooney case and campaigns to free him became an international cause célèbre for two decades, with a substantial number of publications demonstrating the falsity of the conviction.  These publications and the facts of the case are surveyed in Richard H. Frost, The Mooney Case (Stanford University Press, 1968). Mooney served 22 years in prison before being pardoned in 1939.
Edward A. McCarthy
Edward Anthony McCarthy (April 10, 1918 – June 7, 2005) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as the second archbishop of the Archdiocese of Miami in Florida from 1977 to 1994.  He previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Phoenix in Arizona from 1969 to 1977 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati in Ohio from 1965 to 1969.

McCarthy was appointed coadjutor archbishop of Miami on September 17, 1976, and succeeded Coleman Francis Carroll as archbishop of Miami on July 26, 1977. McCarthy retired as archbishop on November 3, 1994.  He died on June 7, 2005, at the age of 87.

Archdiocese of Cincinnati
The Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Latin: Archidiœcesis Cincinnatensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the State of Ohio. The archbishop is Robert Casey. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in Cincinnati.
Order embedding
In order theory, a branch of mathematics, an order embedding is a special kind of monotone function, which provides a way to include one partially ordered set into another. Like Galois connections, order embeddings constitute a notion which is strictly weaker than the concept of an order isomorphism. Both of these weakenings may be understood in terms of category theory.

Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
Raisin (musical)
Raisin is a musical with music by Judd Woldin, lyrics by Robert Brittan, and a book by Robert Nemiroff and Charlotte Zaltzberg. It is an adaptation of the Lorraine Hansberry play A Raisin in the Sun; the musical's book was co-written by Hansberry's husband, Robert Nemiroff.

The story concerns an African-American family in Chicago in 1951. The musical was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning two, including Best Musical, and the Broadway production ran for 847 performances.

Tony Award for Best Musical
The Tony Award for Best Musical is given annually to the best new Broadway musical, as determined by Tony Award voters. The award is one of the ceremony's longest-standing awards, having been presented each year since 1949. The award goes to the producers of the winning musical. A musical is eligible for consideration in a given year if it has not previously been produced on Broadway and is not "determined... to be a 'classic' or in the historical or popular repertoire", otherwise it may be considered for Best Revival of a Musical.

Best Musical is the final award presented at the Tony Awards ceremony. Excerpts from the musicals that are nominated for this award are usually performed during the ceremony before this award is presented.

This is a list of winners and nominees for the Tony Award for Best Musical.
Great Siege of Montevideo
The Great Siege of Montevideo (Spanish: Gran Sitio de Montevideo), named as Sitio Grande in Uruguayan historiography, was the siege suffered by the city of Montevideo between 1843 and 1851 during the Uruguayan Civil War.

In practice, this siege meant that Uruguay had two parallel governments:

Gobierno de la Defensa in Montevideo, led by Joaquín Suárez (1843 – 1852)

Gobierno del Cerrito (with headquarters in the present-day neighborhood of Cerrito de la Victoria), ruling the rest of the country, led by Manuel Oribe (1843 – 1851)

The siege inspired a book by the French writer Alexandre Dumas, The New Troy (1850).

Gobierno de la Defensa
The Defense Government (Spanish: Gobierno de la Defensa) governed just the city of Montevideo during the period known as Great Siege of Montevideo (1843–1851). It was led by Joaquín Suárez, while the army was led by Fructuoso Rivera.

Uruguay was experiencing the Guerra Grande, between the two traditional parties Colorado and Blanco. The government of Montevideo survived thanks to the help of the British and the French, as well as the active collaboration of Italian warrior Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Steve Trout
Steven Russell Trout (born July 30, 1957) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played Major League Baseball (MLB) during the 1980s.

He is the son of former MLB pitcher Dizzy Trout. He had the nickname "Rainbow".

Dizzy Trout
Paul Howard "Dizzy" Trout (June 29, 1915 – February 28, 1972) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher from 1939 to 1952, most notably as a member of the Detroit Tigers team that finished either in first or second place in the American League pennant races between 1944 and 1947 and won the 1945 World Series. The two-time All-Star player was the American League wins leader in 1943 and, was the league ERA leader in 1944. In 1957, Trout made a brief comeback attempt at the age of 42 with the Baltimore Orioles. He also played for the Boston Red Sox.