hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Placidia
Placidia (Latin: [plaˈkɪdɪ.a]) was a 5th-century Roman noblewoman and briefly empress in the Western Roman Empire. Her father was Valentinian III, Roman emperor in the West from 425 to 455. In 455, shortly after her marriage to Olybrius, she was captured by Gaiseric and spent six or seven years as a hostage of the Vandal Kingdom. At the end of this period Placidia was ransomed back to Constantinople, where she remained during Olybrius's few months as western Roman emperor in 472. She was one of the last imperial spouses in the Roman west, during the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in Late Antiquity.

Olybrius
Anicius Olybrius (died 2 November 472) was Roman emperor from July 472 until his death later that same year; his rule as augustus in the western Roman Empire was not recognised as legitimate by the ruling augustus in the eastern Roman Empire, Leo I (r. 457–474). He was in reality a puppet ruler raised to power by Ricimer, the magister militum of Germanic descent, and was mainly interested in religion, while the actual power was held by Ricimer and his nephew Gundobad.
Surrey (electoral district)
Surrey was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada, from 1966 to 1983. The area it covered was formerly part of the electoral district of Delta. It returned one member to the Legislative Assembly of BC from 1966 to 1975 and two members thereafter. It was abolished prior to the 1986 election into Surrey-Guildford-Whalley, Surrey-Newton, and Surrey-White Rock-Cloverdale.

Surrey-White Rock-Cloverdale
Surrey-White Rock-Cloverdale was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada, in 1986 only. The riding's predecessor was the Surrey riding, which first appeared in the 1966 election. Its successor ridings were Surrey-Newton, Surrey-White Rock, and Surrey-Cloverdale.
Bozo (comic strip)
Bozo, the first pantomime-style comic strip, was created by the cartoonist Francis X. Reardon (with the pen name Foxo Reardon, or FoXo Reardon), who penned it beginning from 1921, until his death from cancer in 1955. Bozo is called America's original pantomime comic strip. Bozo ran both as a daily comic strip as well as on Sundays.

The word "bozo", that was practically unknown in the 1920s, was popularized by the cartoonist Foxo Reardon through this weekly newspaper strip, decades before the appearance of Bozo the Clown.

Silent comics
Silent comics (or pantomime comics) are comics which are delivered in mime. They make use of little or no dialogue, speech balloons or captions written underneath the images. Instead, the stories or gags are told entirely through pictures.
Wentworth Regiment
The Wentworth Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, the regiment was Amalgamated with The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry to form The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment).

Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment)
The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) (RHLI) is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army, based at John Weir Foote VC Armoury in Hamilton, Ontario. The RHLI is part of 31 Canadian Brigade Group, which is part of 4th Canadian Division.
Phagsoo
Phagsoo (also Fagsu) is a village and tehsil in the Doda district of the Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It was previously part of the Thathri tehsil. Also, the biggest village in Doda ( Area wise)

Thathri
Thathri is a town and a notified area committee in Doda district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is the sub division and tehsil headquarter of Thathri. Thathri valley is located in the foothills of the Himalayan mountains, about 85 km from Batote.  Apart from having ample forests, the town contains many small streams flowing through its various parts. It is located on the banks of the Chenab River and the town area is spread over 1.50 sq. Km².
JConsole
JConsole is a graphical monitoring tool to monitor Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and Java applications both on a local or remote machine.

JConsole uses underlying features of Java Virtual Machine to provide information on performance and resource consumption of applications running on the Java platform using Java Management Extensions (JMX) technology. JConsole comes as part of Java Development Kit (JDK) and the graphical console can be started using "jconsole" command.

Java Management Extensions
Java Management Extensions (JMX) is a Java technology that supplies tools for managing and monitoring applications, system objects, devices (such as printers) and service-oriented networks. Those resources are represented by objects called MBeans (for Managed Bean). In the API, classes can be dynamically loaded and instantiated.
Managing and monitoring applications can be designed and developed using the Java Dynamic Management Kit.

JSR 003 of the Java Community Process defined JMX 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2. JMX 2.0 was being developed under JSR 255, but this JSR was subsequently withdrawn. The JMX Remote API 1.0 for remote management and monitoring is specified by JSR 160. An extension of the JMX Remote API for Web Services was being developed under JSR 262.

Adopted early on by the J2EE community, JMX has been a part of J2SE since version 5.0. "JMX" is a trademark of Oracle Corporation.
Presidential Broadcast Service
The Presidential Broadcast Service – Bureau of Broadcast Services (PBS-BBS; Filipino: Pampanguluhang Serbisyong Pambrodkast – Kawanihan ng mga Serbisyong Pambrodkast) is a state radio network owned by the Philippine government under the Presidential Communications Office (PCO).

PBS operates national radio brands: Radyo Pilipinas – Radyo Publiko, Sports Radio, Radyo Magasin, Republika ni Juan and The Capital, as well as international shortwave station Radyo Pilipinas World Service. PBS, along with its television network counterparts People's Television Network, Radio Philippines Network (20% minority-owned) and Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation which forms the media arm of the PCO.

As one of the attached agencies of the OPS, the PBS-BBS receives funding from the General Appropriations Act (Annual National Budget) and sales from blocktimers and advertisers, among others.

DWFO
DWFO (87.5 FM), broadcasting as 87.5 Republika ni Juan, is a radio station owned and operated by the Presidential Broadcast Service, the broadcast arm of the Presidential Communications Office. Its studios and transmitter are located at the 4th Floor, Philippine Information Agency Building, Visayas Ave., Quezon City. The station operates on terrestrial radio daily from 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM.
Mora (linguistics)
A mora (pl. morae or moras; often symbolized μ) is a smallest unit of timing, equal to or shorter than a syllable, that theoretically or perceptually exists in some spoken languages in which phonetic length (such as vowel length) matters significantly. For example, in the Japanese language, the name of the city Ōsaka (おおさか) consists of three syllables (O-sa-ka) but four morae (O-o-sa-ka), since the first syllable, Ō, is pronounced with a long vowel (the others being short). Thus, a short vowel contains one mora and is called monomoraic, while a long vowel contains two and is called bimoraic. Extra-long syllables with three morae (trimoraic) are relatively rare. Such metrics based on syllables are also referred to as syllable weight. In Japanese, certain consonants also stand on their own as individual morae and thus are monomoraic.

The term comes from the Latin word for 'linger, delay', which was also used to translate the Greek word χρόνος : chrónos ('time') in its metrical sense.

Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody (/ˈprɒsədi, ˈprɒz-/) is the study of elements of speech, including intonation, stress, rhythm and loudness, that occur simultaneously with individual phonetic segments: vowels and consonants. Often, prosody specifically refers to such elements, known as suprasegmentals when they extend across more than one phonetic segment.

Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast,  focus, and so on. Prosody displays elements of language that are not encoded by grammar, punctuation or choice of vocabulary.
Chris McHugh (beach volleyball)
Christopher McHugh (born 31 August 1989) is a male beach volleyball player from Australia. He represented Australia at the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, both with teammate Damien Schumann, winning the gold medal at the Commonwealth Games. Unfortunately, competing at the 2020 Olympics, the pair were knocked out in the group stage after finishing at the bottom of their pool.

Damien Schumann
Damien Schumann (born 12 November 1987) is a male beach volleyball player from Australia.

He represented Australia at the 2018 Commonwealth Games at the Gold Coast and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, both with teammate Chris McHugh, winning the gold medal at the Commonwealth Games. Competing at the 2020 Olympics, the pair were knocked out in the group stage after finishing at the bottom of their pool.
Kiga language
Kiga (also called Rukiga, Ruchiga, or Chiga) is a Great Lakes Bantu language of the Kiga people (Bakiga). Kiga is a similar and partially mutually intelligible with the Nkore language. It was first written in the second half of the 19th century.

Kiga is largely spoken in the ancient Kigezi region which includes about 5 districts, namely Rubanda, Rukiga, Kabale, Kanungu and some parts of Rukungiri. As of 2021, Kiga is spoken natively by about 1.3 million people in Uganda.

Kiga is so similar to Nkore (84%–94% lexical similarity) that some argue they are dialects of the same language, called Nkore-Kiga by Charles Taylor.

Nkore-Kiga language
Nkore-Kiga is a language spoken by around 5,800,000 people living in the extreme southwest of Uganda.  It is often defined as two separate languages: Nkore and Kiga. It is closely related to Runyoro-Rutooro.
Panaetius
Panaetius (/pəˈniːʃiəs/; Ancient Greek: Παναίτιος, romanized: Panaítios; c. 185 – c. 110/109 BC) of Rhodes was an ancient Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city, thanks to the patronage of Scipio Aemilianus. After the death of Scipio in 129 BC, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last undisputed scholarch. With Panaetius, Stoicism became much more eclectic. His most famous work was his On Duties, the principal source used by Cicero in his own work of the same name.

Antipater of Tarsus
Antipater of Tarsus (Greek: Ἀντίπατρος ὁ Ταρσεύς; died 130/129 BC) was a Stoic philosopher. He was the pupil and successor of Diogenes of Babylon as leader of the Stoic school, and was the teacher of Panaetius. He wrote works on the gods and on divination, and in ethics he took a higher moral ground than that of his teacher Diogenes.
Ann Hand
Ann Hand is an American jewelry designer and businesswoman. In 1988, she founded the jewelry company Ann Hand LLC. She is married to Lloyd Nelson Hand, who served as the Chief of Protocol of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Lloyd Nelson Hand
Lloyd Nelson Hand (born January 31, 1929) is an American lawyer and former political aide who served as Chief of Protocol of the United States in the 1960s. Prior to that, he was an assistant to then-Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson and served as a state coordinator for his presidential campaign.
Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg
Henry II of Münsterberg (c. 1396 – 11 March 1420) was Duke of Münsterberg (Ziębice) since 1410 until his death (as co-ruler of his brother John I).

He was the third son of Duke Bolko III of Münsterberg by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom.

John I of Münsterberg
John I of Münsterberg (c. 1380 – 27 December 1428) was a Duke of Münsterberg (Ziębice) from 1410 until his death; until 1420 with his brother as co-ruler.

He was the second son of Duke Bolko III of Münsterberg by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom.
National Highway 156 (India)
National Highway 156, commonly referred to as NH 156, is a auxiliary highway or spur road of NH56 connecting the city of Nimbahera in Rajasthan to Manpur in Madhya Pradesh Border. The Highway runs for 337 kilometres (209 mi). This highway connects NH56 with NH52 acting as a Link Highway & also known as Chittaurgarh Road.

National Highway 56 (India)
National Highway 56, commonly referred to as NH 56, is a highway connecting the city of Nimbahera in Rajasthan to Vapi in Gujarat. The highway passes through the states of Rajasthan,  Madhya Pradesh & Gujarat.
People's science movement
The people's science movement (PSM) aims to popularise science and scientific outlook among common people. Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad, Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti, Assam Science Society, Bigyan Prachar Samiti (Orissa), We the Sapiens and the All India Peoples Science Network are some popular people's science movements in India.

Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad
Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad (KSSP) (lit. 'Kerala Science Literature Movement') is a prominent science and literature organization based in the Indian state of Kerala. It was founded in 1962 with the aim of promoting scientific temper, rational thinking, and a scientific approach to societal issues. The organization has played a significant role in popularizing science and scientific knowledge among the general public, particularly in the Malayalam-speaking region.

It was conceived as a people's science movement. When it was founded in 1962, it was a 40-member group consisting of science writers and teachers, with an interest in science from a social perspective. Its membership has grown to about 60,000 in about 2,300 units spread over Kerala. In 1996, the group received the Right Livelihood Award "for its major contribution to a model of development rooted in social justice and popular participation."
Manipur (princely state)
The Manipur Kingdom, also known as Meckley,
was an ancient kingdom at the India–Burma frontier. Historically, Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by a Meitei dynasty. But it was also invaded and ruled over by Burmese kingdom at various point of time. It became a protectorate of the British East India Company from 1824, and a princely state of the British Raj in 1891. The princely state bordered the Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east, and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and contained 467 villages. The capital of the state was Imphal.

Assam Province
Assam Province was a province of British India, created in 1912 by the partition of the Eastern Bengal and Assam Province.
Its capital was in Shillong.

The Assam territory was first separated from Bengal in 1874 as the 'North-East Frontier'  non-regulation province. It was incorporated into the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam in 1905 and re-established as a province in 1912.
Martin Eberhard
Martin Forest Eberhard (/ˈɛbərhɑːrd/; born 1960) is an American engineer and entrepreneur who co-founded Tesla, Inc. (then Tesla Motors) with Marc Tarpenning in July 2003, where Eberhard was its original CEO serving until late 2007. In 2015, he was inducted into the University of Illinois Engineering Hall of Fame.

Marc Tarpenning
Marc Tarpenning (born June 1, 1964) is an American engineer and technology entrepreneur who co-founded Tesla Inc. with Martin Eberhard in 2003. Tarpenning served as the chief financial officer (CFO) and vice president of engineering of Tesla.
Kobo eReader
The Kobo eReader is an e-reader produced by Toronto-based Kobo Inc (a subsidiary of Rakuten). The company's name is an anagram of "book". The original version was released in May 2010 and was marketed as a minimalist alternative to the more expensive e-book readers available at the time. Like most e-readers, the Kobo uses an electronic ink screen. The Arc tablet series, released between 2011 and 2013, was based on LCD technology instead.

E-reader
An e-reader, also called an e reader or e device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.

Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-reader; however, specialized e-reader devices may optimize portability, readability, and battery life for this purpose. Their main advantage over printed books is portability: an e-reader is capable of storing thousands of books while weighing less than a single one. Another advantage is the convenience provided by add-on features.
Yŏn T'aejo
Yŏn T'aejo (Korean: 연태조; Hanja: 淵太祚; ? – 616?) was the Mangniji (Prime Minister) of Goguryeo during the reigns of King Pyeongwon and King Yeongyang. He was the father of Yŏn Kaesomun, and was known to have taken an aggressive stance against the Sui dynasty alongside Field Marshal Ŭlchi Mundŏk.

Yŏn Kaesomun
Yŏn Kaesomun (Korean: 연개소문; Hanja: 淵蓋蘇文; 594–666) was a powerful military dictator in the waning days of the Goguryeo kingdom, one of the Three Kingdoms of ancient Korea. Traditional Korean histories from Joseon painted Yŏn Kaesomun as a despotic leader, whose cruel policies and disobedience to his monarch led to the fall of Goguryeo. His successful resistance against Tang China under Emperor Taizong and his son Emperor Gaozong inspired early Korean nationalist historians, most notably the 19th-century Korean historian and intellectual Shin Chae-ho, to term Yŏn Kaesomun the greatest hero in Korean history. In popular culture Yŏn Kaesomun is often portrayed as an exceptional soldier-statesman without equal in Korean history.
Alliance Française de Port Harcourt
The Alliance Francaise of Port Harcourt (French: l'Alliance Française de Port Harcourt) is a Nigerian institution in Port Harcourt, Rivers State devoted to training and educating people residing within or around the city in French language and culture. It commenced operations in 1983, and has served over 18,000 students since its establishment. Supported by the Government of Rivers State, the institution is affiliated with the worldwide network of over 800 Alliances.

Alliance française
Alliance française (French pronunciation: [aljɑ̃s fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; "French Alliance", stylised as af) is an international organization that aims to promote the French language and francophone culture around the world. Created in Paris on 21 July 1883 under the name Alliance française pour la propagation de la langue nationale dans les colonies et à l'étranger (French alliance for the propagation of the national language in the colonies and abroad), known now simply as L'Alliance française, its primary goal is teaching French as a second language. Headquartered in Paris, the Alliance had 850 centers in 137 countries on every inhabited continent in 2014.
Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta
Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta (24 July 1841 – 15 September 1920) was a Spanish painter from the Madrazo family of artists who worked in the Realistic style, although his later work shows signs of Rococo and Japanese influence. He was known primarily for his genre paintings and portraits. His grandfather was José de Madrazo, his father was the portrait painter Federico de Madrazo and his brother was Ricardo de Madrazo.

Ricardo de Madrazo
Ricardo Federico de Madrazo y Garreta (7 February 1852 – 18 August 1917) was a Spanish painter from the Madrazo family of artists, best known for his Orientalist works. He was also the brother-in-law of the great Spanish Orientalist, Mariano Fortuny, who would be a major influence on both his life and work.
Dardin Sharvashidze
Dardin Sharvashidze (Georgian: დარდინ შარვაშიძე; died June 26, 1243), was a Georgian nobleman of the 13th century. A member of the Sharvashidze house, he governed Tskhumi (Abkhazia) as a hereditary ruler (eristavi) under Queen Rusudan of Georgia, during the period when the Mongols invaded and brought the kingdom under their domination. Opposed to Mongol rule, he formed an alliance with other Georgian nobles and offered his support to the Sultanate of Rum against the Mongols, but was killed in the decisive Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243.

Duchy of Tskhumi
The Duchy of Tskhumi (Georgian: ცხუმის საერისთავო) was a duchy (saeristavo) in medieval Georgia. Ruled by the House of Shervashidze, the duchy existed from the 8th to 14th century, in the north-western part of Georgia and comprised territories around modern Sukhumi, Georgia.
Guy Revell
Guy Revell (August 2, 1941 - March 11, 1981) was a Canadian pair skater. With skating partner Debbi Wilkes, he became a two-time Canadian national champion, the 1963 North American champion, and the 1964 Olympic silver medallist.

Debbi Wilkes
Debbi Wilkes (born December 16, 1946) is a Canadian former pair skater. With skating partner Guy Revell, she became a two-time Canadian national champion, the 1963 North American champion, and the 1964 Olympic silver medallist.
Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (Arabic: نَوَّاف الأَحمَد الْجَابِر الصَّباح, romanized: Nawwāf al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ; 25 June 1937 – 16 December 2023) was Emir of Kuwait from 2020 until his death in 2023.

He was minister of interior (1978–1988, 2003–2006), minister of defense (1988–1991) and deputy prime minister (2020–2023). Nawaf was nominated as crown prince on 7 February 2006, during the reign of his half-brother Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah. During his three-year rule as emir, he grappled with internal political disputes.

Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (Arabic: الشيخ صباح الأحمد الجابر الصباح, romanized: ash-Shaykh Ṣabāḥ al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ; 16 June 1929 – 29 September 2020) was the Emir of Kuwait from 24 January 2006 until his death in 2020.

He was the fourth son of Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.
Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore
Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore (Italian pronunciation: [tʃitˈta ddel trikoˈloːre]; with the first half officially written in all caps) is a multi-purpose stadium in Reggio Emilia, Italy. It is currently the home ground of U.S. Sassuolo and A.C. Reggiana, the former playing in Serie A, the latter Serie B.

The stadium holds 21,525 and was built in 1995, replacing the Stadio Mirabello. It was given the name Stadio Città del Tricolore on 11 March 2012, having previously been called the Stadio Giglio. On 8 July 2013, the stadium was given the current denomination for ownership reason (acquired by Mapei from the comune of Reggio Emilia).

AC Reggiana 1919
Associazione Calcio Reggiana, commonly referred to as Reggiana, is a professional football club based in Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The club was formed in 1919, reformed in 2005 (Serie C2) and 2018 (Serie D) after going bankrupt twice, and currently plays in the Serie B, the second tier of Italian football. Reggiana is known as i Granata (lit. 'the Maroons') in reference to the club's main colour: maroon.

The club was reformed twice after going bankrupt: in 2005 as Reggio Emilia Football Club, and in 2018 as Reggio Audace Football Club. On both occasions, the club regained the naming rights and the trophies of A.C. Reggiana via judicial auction. The club has participated in Serie A, the top tier of Italian football, seven times; their last appearance dates back to the 1996–97 season.