hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of England
The national flag of England, a constituent country of the United Kingdom, is derived from Saint George's Cross (heraldic blazon: Argent, a cross gules). The association of the red cross as an emblem of England can be traced back to the Late Middle Ages when it was gradually, increasingly, used alongside the Royal Banner. It became the only saint's flag permitted to be flown in public as part of the English Reformation and at a similar time became the pre-eminent maritime flag referred to as a white ensign.
It was used as a component in the design of the Union Jack in 1606.

It has been widely used since the 1990s, specifically at national sporting events, especially during the campaigns of England's national football teams.

Flag of Georgia (country)
The flag of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს სახელმწიფო დროშა, romanized: sakartvelos sakhelmts'ipo drosha), also known as the Five-Cross Flag (ხუთჯვრიანი დროშა, khutjvriani drosha), is one of the national symbols of Georgia. Originally a banner of the medieval Kingdom of Georgia, it was repopularised in the late 20th and early 21st centuries during the Georgian national revival.
Hugh de Courtenay (died 1292)
Sir Hugh de Courtenay (1251–1292) was the son and heir of John de Courtenay, feudal baron of Okehampton, Devon, by Isabel de Vere, daughter of Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford. His son inherited the earldom of Devon.

Feudal barony of Okehampton
The feudal barony of Okehampton was a very large feudal barony, the largest mediaeval fiefdom in the county of Devon, England, whose caput was Okehampton Castle and manor. It was one of eight feudal baronies in Devonshire which existed during the mediaeval era.
Kaeng pa
Kaeng pa (Thai: แกงป่า, pronounced [kɛ̄ːŋ pàː], lit. 'forest curry' or 'jungle curry') is a variety of Thai curry from the forested areas of Thailand. Unlike many other Thai curries, traditional kaeng pa usually contains no coconut milk, as coconuts are not naturally found in the rainforests in the northern part of the country. This quality makes it more suitable for people on low saturated fat diets. There are, however, variants that do include coconut.

Kaeng pa is a highly spicy and watery curry that has a distinctive full taste. Ingredients usually include kaffir lime peel and leaves, lemongrass, green pepper corns, galangal, garlic, pea eggplant and chilli. It was originally prepared with wild boar, but is now more commonly prepared with pork or chicken.

Thai curry
Thai curry (Thai: แกง, romanized: kaeng, pronounced [kɛ̄ːŋ]) is a dish in Thai cuisine made from curry paste, coconut milk or water, meat, seafood, vegetables or fruit, and herbs. Curries in Thailand mainly differ from the Indian subcontinent in their use of ingredients such as fresh rhizomes, herbs, and aromatic leaves rather than a  mix of dried spices.
Aspergillus fischeri
Aspergillus fischeri is a species of fungus in the genus  Aspergillus. And is widely distribute in soil, grain and canned food world wide. In the other hand Aspergillus fischeri is a BSL-1 plant pathogen.

About 64% of species in genus Aspergillus lack knowned sexual reproduction in their life cycle, causing them were classified into Fungi imperfecti before, producing the teleomorph name Neosartorya fischeri when the sexual reproduction were discovered.
But after the abolish of the Fungi imperfecti nomenclature, Aspergillus which is the anamorph name of should be the holomorph name when we discuss this species.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Battle of Pointe-aux-Trembles
The Battle of Pointe-aux-Trembles was a naval and land engagement during the conquest of New France that took place on 16 May 1760 on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, near the future site of Neuville, Quebec, Canada. In the previous September, the British had occupied the city of Quebec in New France, and starting in April a French force had been besieging the city. A relief force of the Royal Navy, having forced a passage through ice up the Saint Lawrence River, destroyed the French ships led by Jean Vauquelin that were assisting in the siege. The British victory forced the French under Chevalier de Lévis to raise the siege and to end their attempts to retake Quebec City.

Neuville, Quebec
Neuville (French pronunciation: [nøvil]) is a village on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, just west of Quebec City, part of the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 1684.
Clifford DeBaptiste
Clifford Evans DeBaptiste (born May 19, 1924) is an American politician and funeral director who served as mayor of West Chester, Pennsylvania, from 1994 to 2002. A Republican at the time, he was the borough's first black mayor. He is often credited for beginning the revitalization of the borough. DeBaptiste has honorary doctorates from West Chester University and Lincoln University.

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
Mikko Hirvonen
Mikko Hirvonen (born 31 July 1980) is a Finnish former rally driver, and a current Rally-Raid driver, who drove in the World Rally Championship. He placed third in the drivers' championship and helped Ford to the manufacturers' title in both 2006 and 2007. In 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012 he finished runner-up to Sébastien Loeb. Hirvonen's co-driver was Jarmo Lehtinen from the 2003 season until his retirement in 2014, Lehtinen had replaced Miikka Anttila who co-drove with Hirvonen in the 2002 season.

2007 World Rally Championship
The 2007 World Rally Championship was the 35th season in the FIA World Rally Championship. The season began on 19 January, with the Monte Carlo Rally and ended on 2 December, with the Wales Rally GB. Citroën's Sébastien Loeb won his fourth consecutive drivers' world championship ahead of Ford's Marcus Grönholm and Mikko Hirvonen. Ford took the manufacturers' title.
Adolphine Fletcher Terry
Adolphine Fletcher Terry (1882–1976) was an American political and social activist in the state of Arkansas. Terry leveraged her position within the Little Rock community to affect change in causes related to social justice, women's rights, racial equality, housing, and education. Fletcher is most remembered for her role on the Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) that was primarily responsible for reopening the Little Rock, Arkansas, public school system and bringing to a close the school district closing in 1958, following the Crisis at Little Rock Central High. In its "Millennium Poll" in 2000, the Arkansas Historical Association named Terry one of the state's 15 most significant figures in state history.

Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools
The Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) was an organization formed by a group of socially prominent white women in the city of Little Rock, Arkansas during the Little Rock Crisis in 1958. The organization advocated for the integration of the Little Rock public school system and was a major obstacle to Governor Orval Faubus's efforts to prevent racial integration. The women spoke out in favor of a special election to remove segregationists from the Little Rock school board.
Mochoemoc
Saint Mochoemoc (or Pulcherius, c. 550–656) was an early Irish abbot, later considered to have been a saint. He was a nephew of Saint Íte of Killeedy, who raised him. He became a monk in Bangor Abbey under the abbot Saint Comgall of Bangor. He was the founding abbot of Liath-Mochoemoc (Liathmore) monastery. His feast day is 13 March.

Íte of Killeedy
Íte ingen Chinn Fhalad (died c. 570–577), also known as Íde, Ita, Ida or Ides, was an early Irish nun and patron saint of Killeedy (Cluain Creadhail). She was known as the "foster mother of the saints of Erin". The name "Ita" ("thirst for holiness") was conferred on her because of her saintly qualities. Her feast day is 15 January.
USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)
USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) is the fifth Nimitz-class aircraft carrier in the United States Navy. She is the third Navy ship to have been named after the former president Abraham Lincoln. Her home port is NAS North Island, San Diego, California; she is a member of the United States Pacific Fleet. She is administratively responsible to Commander, Naval Air Forces Pacific, and operationally serves as the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 3 and host to Carrier Air Wing Nine. She was returned to the fleet on 12 May 2017, marking the successful completion of her Refueling and Complex Overhaul (RCOH) carried out at Newport News Shipyard.

United States Pacific Fleet
The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is a theater-level component command of the United States Navy, located in the Pacific Ocean. It provides naval forces to the Indo-Pacific Command. Fleet headquarters is at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii, with large secondary facilities at Naval Air Station North Island, California.
Martinsburg Blue Sox
The Martinsburg Blue Sox were an American minor league baseball team based in Martinsburg, West Virginia. They played in the Blue Ridge League between 1915 and 1929 and were an affiliate of the Philadelphia Athletics in 1929.

Martinsburg, West Virginia
Martinsburg is a city in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 18,773 at the 2020 census, making Martinsburg the largest city in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia and the sixth-most populous city in the state. It is a principal city of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area extending into Maryland, which had 293,844 residents in 2020.
Liu Hun
Liu Hun (柳渾) (715 – February 23, 789), né Liu Zai (柳載), courtesy name Yikuang (夷曠), alternative name Weishen (惟深), formally Count Zhen of Yicheng (宜城貞伯), was a Chinese politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
Williams spray equation
In combustion, the Williams spray equation, also known as the Williams–Boltzmann equation, describes the statistical evolution of sprays contained in another fluid, analogous to the Boltzmann equation for the molecules, named after Forman A. Williams, who derived the equation in 1958.

Forman A. Williams
Forman Arthur Williams (born January 12, 1934) is an American academic in the field of combustion and aerospace engineering who is Emeritus Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California San Diego.
Strusshamn Church
Strusshamn Church (Norwegian: Strusshamn kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Askøy Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Strusshamn. It is the church for the Strusshamn parish which is part of the Vesthordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The large concrete and glass church was built in a fan-shaped design in 1969 using plans drawn up by the architects Torgeir Alvsaker and Einar Vaardal-Lunde. The church seats about 500 people.

Strusshamn
Strusshamn is an urban village in Askøy Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village lies along the Byfjorden on the southern coast of the island of Askøy, just west of the large urban village of Kleppestø. Strusshamn is one of the cultural centers of the municipality, and it is the site of the main church for the municipality, Strusshamn Church.

The village is part of the urban area known as Askøy which covers most of the southern part of the island of Askøy. Statistics Norway tracks data for Askøy, but it does not separately track the population statistics for this village area. The population of the whole Askøy urban area (in 2025) was 24,660.
Masajiro Miyazaki
Masajiro Miyazaki, CM (November 24, 1899 – July 23, 1984) was a Canadian osteopathic physician who practised in Vancouver prior to World War II. During World War II, he was appointed as a coroner by the British Columbia Provincial Police in the town of Lillooet, British Columbia. In addition to coroner's duties he also served as effective general practitioner in the Lillooet area, including for the area's four wartime "self-supporting centres".  Miyazaki's practice also included the Japanese Canadian internment camp at Taylor Lake. Towards the end of his life, Miyazaki was recognized for his services to the community, which included founding the local ambulance service and instigating a proper hospital for Lillooet, by being enrolled in the Order of Canada.

Lillooet
Lillooet (English:  /ˈlɪloʊ.ɛt/) is a district municipality in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia. The town is on the west shore of the Fraser River immediately north of the Seton River mouth. On BC Highway 99, the locality is by road about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Pemberton, 64 kilometres (40 mi) northwest of Lytton, and 172 kilometres (107 mi) west of Kamloops.
Fall Down (Tantric song)
"Fall Down" is a song written and recorded by the American rock band Tantric. It was released on November 4, 2008, as the third and final single from their third album The End Begins. After seeing success as a single, the song was added as a bonus track to the deluxe edition of the band's third studio album The End Begins when it was re-released on January 13, 2009.

Tantric (band)
Tantric is an American rock band from Louisville, Kentucky. The group was founded in 1998 by Todd Whitener, Jesse Vest and Matt Taul after they left Days of the New, and joined forces with vocalist Hugo Ferreira. Ferreira is the only remaining member of the band from the original lineup.

The band's eighth full-length album, The Sum of All Things, was released in 2021 via Cleopatra Records.
Perseus Cluster
The Perseus Cluster (Abell 426) is a cluster of galaxies in the constellation Perseus. It has a recession speed of 5,366 km/s and a diameter of 863′. It is one of the most massive objects in the known universe, containing thousands of galaxies immersed in a vast cloud of multimillion-degree gas.

NGC 1275
NGC 1275 (also known as Perseus A or Caldwell 24) is a type 1.5 Seyfert galaxy located around 225 million light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation of Perseus. NGC 1275 is a member of the large Perseus Cluster of galaxies. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 17 October 1786.
Chasing After Shadows... Living with the Ghosts
Chasing After Shadows... Living with the Ghosts is the fourth studio album by American ambient/post-rock band Hammock. It was released on May 18, 2010 by the band's own label, Hammock Music.

In addition to the standard edition, Chasing After Shadows... Living with the Ghosts was released in a limited edition format with a photobook and four-track EP titled North West East South. The album received generally positive reviews. Critics praised the songwriting and production, though some reviewers criticized the album's length.

Hammock (band)
Hammock is an American ambient post-rock duo formed in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2005 by Marc Byrd and Andrew Thompson.

Hammock have released 10 albums and five EPs since 2005, mostly on their own label, Hammock Music, which is distributed through Secretly Distribution, and have garnered favorable reviews from critics, including Pitchfork and AllMusic.
Orahov Do
Orahov Do (Serbian Cyrillic: Орахов До) is a village in Ravno municipality Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was formerly part of the Trebinje municipality, up until the Bosnian War. It is only a few kilometers away from the border with Croatia on the road from the Adriatic coast to Popovo polje. It was the birthplace of Ragusan merchant Nikola Bošković, father of famed astronomer Ruđer Bošković.

Roger Joseph Boscovich
Roger Joseph Boscovich SJ (18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the Republic of Ragusa. He studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works.

Boscovich produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to astronomy, including the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of an atmosphere on the Moon.
President of Paraguay
The president of Paraguay (Spanish: presidente del Paraguay), officially known as the president of the Republic of Paraguay (Spanish: presidente de la República del Paraguay), is the head of the executive branch of the government of Paraguay, serving as both head of state and head of government according to the Constitution of Paraguay. His honorific title is Su Excelencia. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief for the armed forces

The incumbent president of Paraguay is Santiago Peña, who took office on 15 August 2023. The presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción. Once presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of senator for life.

Mburuvicha Róga
Mburuvicha Róga (lit. 'House of the Chief') is a building in Asunción, Paraguay. It serves as the official residence for the President and First Lady of Paraguay, and is also the official headquarters of the Office of the First Lady of the Nation.

The complex was built in 1930, and it is composed of the house along 20 hectares of gardens.

The original expression referred to the house of a Guaraní chief. Later, the name was adapted to mean the house of the President of the Republic. As Mburuvicha means "chief", the expression could be expanded to mean the house of the highest official in a particular social setting.
Bani Yas
The Bani Yas (Arabic: بَنُو ياس) Singular Al Yasi (Arabic: الياسي) is a tribal confederation of Najdi origin in the United Arab Emirates. The tribal confederation, consisting of around 20 tribes from Abu Dhabi, to Dubai to Khor Al Adaid in southeast Qatar, was called the Bani Yas Coalition (Arabic: حلف قبيلة بني ياس). The Al Nahyan, a branch of the Al Bu Falah, leads the tribe and is the ruling family of Abu Dhabi. The Al Maktoum, a branch of the Al Bu Falasah, is also a member and is the ruling family of Dubai. Al Nahyan and Al Maktoum are the most influential in the UAE federal government. The ruler of Abu Dhabi is customarily elected as the president of the UAE, and the ruler of Dubai is traditionally elected as the vice president and prime minister of the UAE.

Al Bu Hamir
The Al Bu Hamir (Arabic: آل بو حمير) (singular Arabic: الحميري Al-Hamiri, also spelled Al-Humairi or Al-Hemeiri) is a tribe in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Originating in Al Ain Region of the emirate of Abu Dhabi, they are a small section of the Bani Yas tribal confederation. Under the Bani Yas, they were considered a subsection of the Manasir. They were Maliki Sunni in religion and partisans of the Hinawi faction in politics and, around the turn of the 20th century, comprised some 60 houses in Abu Dhabi, where they appear to have settled. The members of the tribe have usually enjoyed close relationships with the Al Nahyan ruling family. Several of its members held important positions in Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan's administration and Royal court.
Qahafah Tribe
Qahafah (Arabic: قُحَافَة) is an Arab tribe belonging to the Khath'am lineage and considered a branch of the Shahran tribe. The tribe has been known since pre-Islamic times and primarily inhabits Wadi Bishah, also known as Wadi Shahran or Wadi Bin Hashbal, in Saudi Arabia. Some members of the tribe also reside in the village of Qahafah in Egypt. Several notable historical figures and some of the Prophet’s Companions are said to have originated from this tribe.

Khath'am
Khath'am (Arabic: خثعم, romanized: Khathʿam) was an ancient and medieval Arab tribe which traditionally dwelt in southwestern Arabia. They took part either in cooperation or opposition to the 6th-century expedition of the Aksumite ruler Abraha against Mecca. After initial hostility, they embraced Islam and a played a role in the early Muslim conquests of the 630s. The tribe of Shahran in Yemen and Saudi Arabia is a principal clan of the Khath'am.
Okot p'Bitek
Okot p'Bitek (7 June 1931 – 19 July 1982) was a Ugandan poet, who achieved wide international recognition for Song of Lawino, a long poem dealing with the tribulations of a rural African wife whose husband has taken up urban life and wishes everything to be westernised. Song of Lawino was originally written in the Acholi dialect of Southern Luo, translated by the author into English, and published in 1966. It was a breakthrough work, creating an audience among anglophone Africans for direct, topical poetry in English; and incorporating traditional attitudes and thinking in an accessible yet faithful literary vehicle. It was followed by the Song of Ocol (1970), the husband's reply.

The "East African Song School" or "Okot School poetry" is now an academic identification of the work following his direction, also popularly called "comic singing": a forceful type of dramatic verse monologue rooted in traditional song and phraseology.

Song of Lawino
Song of Lawino (Acholi: Wer pa Lawino) is an epic poem written by Ugandan poet Okot p'Bitek. It was first published in 1966 in an English translation by the author, although Chapter 14, its final chapter, was removed. It was quickly translated into other languages. The complete poem in the original Acholi Luo language was published later in 1969. Taban Lo Liyong published an English translation of chapter 14 in 1993 as well as a new translation of the entire poem in 2001 (as The Defence of Lawino).

Song of Lawino has become one of the most widely read literary works originating from Sub-Saharan Africa. It has also become culturally iconic within Africa, because of its scathing display of how African society was being destroyed by the colonization of Africa.

Song of Lawino was originally written in rhyming couplets and had a regular meter. The poem is told from the point of view of Lawino in the first person.

p'Bitek published a follow-up poem in English, Song of Ocol, in 1970.