hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fountain of Qayt Bay
Fountain of Qayt Bay or Sabil Qaitbay (Arabic: سبيل قايتباي) is a domed public fountain (sabil) on the western esplanade of the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, near the Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya. Built in the 15th century by the Mamluks of Egypt, it was completed in the reign of Sultan Qaytbay, after whom it is named. It is also colloquially known as the Fountain of Hamidiye due to Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s restoration. It has been considered, "after the Dome of the Rock, the most beautiful edifice in the al-Aqsa Mosque".

Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya
The Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya (Arabic: مدرسة الأشرفية, romanized: Madrasa al-’Ashrafiyya) is an Islamic madrasa structure built in 1480–1482 by the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay (after whom it is named) on the western side of the Haram al-Sharif (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem. Although only a part of the original structure still stands today, it is a notable example of royal Mamluk architecture in Jerusalem.
Home Park, Windsor
The Home Park, previously known as the Little Park (and originally Lydecroft Park), is a 2.65 km2 royal park which forms the private grounds of Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England. It lies mainly on the eastern side of the castle and is administered by the Crown Estate of the United Kingdom. The park includes the Frogmore estate, and several private organisations related to the estate have facilities in the park. To the Home Park's south is the Windsor Great Park, largely open to the public.

Home Park is listed Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Historic England.

Frogmore
Frogmore is an estate within the Home Park, adjoining Windsor Castle, in Berkshire, England. It comprises 33 acres (130,000 m2), of primarily private gardens managed by the Crown Estate. It is the location of Frogmore House, a royal retreat, and Frogmore Cottage. The name derives from the preponderance of frogs which have always lived in this low-lying and marshy area near the River Thames. This area is part of the local flood plain. Its large landscaped gardens are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Part of the gardens of the estate are set aside as burial places for members of the British royal family: the Royal Mausoleum (containing the tomb of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert); the Royal Burial Ground; and the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum (the tomb of Queen Victoria's mother).
Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon
The Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon was a German autocannon developed for aircraft use during World War I by Stahlwerke Becker. It was first mass-produced in 1916 and was installed in a variety of aircraft. It was the only German autocannon to see service in the air during the war.

The Becker also served as the pattern for the famous Swiss-built Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, which is in service to this day, and in a later form, was the original inspiration, through the Swiss design after World War I, for the World War II German Luftwaffe's MG FF (Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest, "fixed wing-mount automatic ordnance") 20 mm autocannon design.

Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons based on an original German Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon design that appeared very early in World War I.  It was widely produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II. Many versions of the cannon are still used.
Gertrude (Hamlet)
In William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Gertrude is Hamlet's mother and Queen of Denmark. Her relationship with Hamlet is somewhat turbulent, since he resents her marrying her husband's brother Claudius after he murdered the king (young Hamlet's father, King Hamlet). Gertrude reveals no guilt in her marriage with Claudius after the recent murder of her husband, and Hamlet begins to show signs of jealousy towards Claudius. According to Hamlet, she scarcely mourned her husband's death before marrying Claudius.

She is based on Gerutha (from Saxo Grammaticus' Amleth); her name may be influenced by Gertrude of Bavaria, who was Queen of Denmark in the late 12th century.

King Claudius
King Claudius is a fictional character and the main antagonist of William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet. He is the brother to King Hamlet, second husband to Gertrude and uncle and later stepfather to Prince Hamlet. He obtained the throne of Denmark by murdering his brother with poison and then marrying the late king's widow. He is loosely based on the Jutish chieftain Feng who appears in Chronicon Lethrense and in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum. There has never been an actual Danish king of that name.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3
The Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Fold3, sold as Samsung Galaxy Fold 3 in certain territories) is a foldable smartphone that is part of the Samsung Galaxy Z series. It was revealed by Samsung Electronics on August 11, 2021 at the Samsung Unpacked event alongside the Z Flip 3. It is the successor to the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 2.

In March 2022, Samsung rebranded the device as "Galaxy Fold 3" in certain Eastern European territories, potentially due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russia's use of Z for military vehicles.

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3
The Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Flip3, sold as Samsung Galaxy Flip 3 in certain territories) is an Android-based foldable smartphone manufactured, developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics as part of its Galaxy Z series. It was announced on August 11, 2021 and released on August 27, 2021, at the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event alongside the Galaxy Z Fold 3 and the Galaxy Watch 4, while its Bespoke Edition model was announced and released on October 20, 2021.

It is the successor to the original Z Flip as part of the company's series of clamshell style phones with flexible displays, although it is branded as the Flip 3 to align with the branding of the accompanying Fold model.

The Galaxy Z Flip 3 was succeeded by the Galaxy Z Flip 4 on August 10, 2022.
Prinzenpalais, Oldenburg
The Prinzenpalais is a palace, now used as an art museum, in the city of Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. The museum houses the modern art collection of the State Museum for Art and Cultural History.

The building dates from 1826 and is in the classical style. It was the residence of the Russian princes Alexander and Peter. Subsequently Grand Duke Niklaus Friedrich Peter occupied the building. In 2003, it became part of the State Museum of Art and Cultural History (with the Augusteum and Schloss Oldenburg) and is an art gallery. The museum concentrates on German artists, ranging from neoclassicism and Romanticism in the mid-19th century to the post-1945 era. The Prinzenpalais building is near the northeast corner of the Schlossgarten Oldenburg. The Augusteum, Elisabeth-Anna-Palais, and Schloss Oldenburg are all close to the museum.

Augusteum, Oldenburg
The Augusteum is a German art museum in the city of Oldenburg, Lower Saxony. Completed in 1867 in Oldenburg, the Augusteum is among the first museum buildings in northern Germany. Located at Elisabethstraße 1, it hosts the ‘Old Masters Gallery’ or old master painting collection of the Oldenburg State Museum of Art and Cultural History, featuring Dutch, Italian, German, and French paintings from the 15th to 18th centuries.
No. 2 (band)
No. 2 is an American indie rock band that originated in Portland, Oregon in 1996 and consisting of Neil Gust (guitar and vocals), Gilly Ann Hanner (bass, backing vocals; later to be replaced by Jim Talstra) and Paul Pulvirenti (drums).

Heatmiser
Heatmiser was an American rock band, formed in Portland, Oregon, in October 1991. Consisting of Elliott Smith (guitar and vocals), Neil Gust (guitar and vocals), Brandt Peterson (bass; later replaced by Sam Coomes, frontman of Quasi) and Tony Lash (drums), they were known for their well-crafted lyrics and songs often featuring the juxtaposition of melancholic and cheery words and melodies. Elliott Smith's pop-oriented songs provided a contrast to Neil Gust's darker compositions, yet both songwriters explored themes such as anger, alienation, loneliness and despair.
Giovanni Cazzetta
Giovanni "Johnny" Cazzetta (born 1957) is a Canadian outlaw biker and gangster who, along with his brother Salvatore Cazzetta, was a co-founder of the Rock Machine Motorcycle Club in Montreal. He was the club's second in command, and also had considerable connections with Quebec's Mafia figures.

Salvatore Cazzetta
Salvatore "Sal" Cazzetta (born c. 1954), also known as "La Barbe" ("the Beard"), is a Canadian former outlaw biker and gangster who founded the Rock Machine Motorcycle Club and later joined the Hells Angels following the Quebec Biker War. He was also a longtime associate of the Rizzuto crime family of Montreal.
Benzion Netanyahu
Benzion Netanyahu (Hebrew: בֶּנְצִיּוֹן נְתַנְיָהוּ; né Mileikowsky; March 25, 1910 – April 30, 2012) was an Israeli encyclopedist, historian, and medievalist, born in Warsaw. He served as a professor of history at Cornell University. A scholar of Judaic history, he was also an activist in the Revisionist Zionism movement, who lobbied in the United States to support the creation of the Jewish state. His field of expertise was the history of the Jews in Spain. He was an editor of the Hebrew Encyclopedia and assistant to Benjamin Azkin, Ze'ev Jabotinsky's personal secretary.

Netanyahu was the father of current Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu; Yonatan Netanyahu, ex-commander of Sayeret Matkal; and Iddo Netanyahu, a physician, author, and playwright.

Iddo Netanyahu
Iddo Netanyahu (Hebrew: עדו נתניהו; born July 24, 1952) is an Israeli physician, author, and playwright. He is the younger brother of Benjamin Netanyahu, the Prime Minister of Israel, and Yonatan Netanyahu, a highly decorated soldier who was killed leading the Entebbe raid, a hostage rescue mission in 1976.
Otha Wearin
Otha Donner Wearin (January 10, 1903 – April 3, 1990) was an American writer and politician. Elected as the youngest member of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first "New Deal" Congress, his political career stalled in 1938 when he gave up his seat in the United States House of Representatives at Roosevelt's urging to run for a U.S. Senate seat held by another Democrat, Guy Gillette, but primary voters rallied behind Gillette. He became a prolific writer, which led to his election to the Cowboy Hall of Fame.

Guy Gillette
Guy Mark Gillette (February 3, 1879 – March 3, 1973) was an American politician and lawyer who served as a Democratic U.S. representative (1933–1936) and senator (1936–1945; 1949–1955) from Iowa. Throughout his Senate service, Gillette was elected, re-elected, defeated, elected again, and defeated again.
Longmire Campground Comfort Stations
The Longmire Campground Comfort Stations are a group of three public restroom facilities located within the Longmire Historic District at Mount Rainier National Park. Known individually under the designations of L-302, L-303, and L-305, the stations were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

The three facilities were built between 1930 and 1935 and follow the architectural style of National Park Service rustic. The structures are considered similar in size, share comparable exterior details, and are mostly unaltered.

Longmire, Washington
Longmire, which is effectively encompassed by the Longmire Historic District, is a visitor services center in  Washington State's Mount Rainier National Park, located 6.5 miles (10.5 km) east of the Nisqually Entrance. The area is in the Nisqually River valley at an elevation of 2,761 feet (842 m) between The Ramparts Ridge and the Tatoosh Range. Longmire is surrounded by old-growth Douglas fir, western red cedar and western hemlock.
Hodge structure
In mathematics, a Hodge structure, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is an algebraic structure at the level of linear algebra, similar to the one that Hodge theory gives to the cohomology groups of a smooth and compact Kähler manifold. Hodge structures have been generalized for all complex varieties (even if they are singular and non-complete) in the form of mixed Hodge structures, defined by Pierre Deligne (1970). A variation of Hodge structure is a family of Hodge structures parameterized by a manifold, first studied by Phillip Griffiths (1968). All these concepts were further generalized to mixed Hodge modules over complex varieties by Morihiko Saito (1989).

Mixed Hodge structure
In algebraic geometry, a mixed Hodge structure is an algebraic structure containing information about the cohomology of general algebraic varieties. It is a generalization of a Hodge structure, which is used to study smooth projective varieties.

In mixed Hodge theory, where the decomposition of a cohomology group  may have subspaces of different weights, i.e. as a direct sum of Hodge structures

where each of the Hodge structures have weight . One of the early hints that such structures should exist comes from the long exact sequence associated to a pair of smooth projective varieties . This sequence suggests that the cohomology groups  (for ) should have differing weights coming from both  and .
Sack of Cashel
52°31′N 7°53′W﻿ / ﻿52.52°N 7.89°W﻿ / 52.52; -7.89

The sack of Cashel, also known as the massacre of Cashel, took place on 15 September 1647 during the Irish Confederate Wars, when Cashel Castle in County Tipperary was taken by a Protestant Parliamentarian army commanded by the Baron of Inchiquin. In what is considered one of the most brutal incidents of the war, survivors of the Catholic garrison were executed along with a number of civilians and the castle was sacked.

Rock of Cashel
The Rock of Cashel (Irish: Carraig Phádraig [ˈkaɾˠəɟ ˈfˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ]), also known as Cashel of the Kings and St. Patrick's Rock, is a historical site located dramatically above a plain at Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland.
Naval operations of the First Italian War of Independence
The naval operations of the First Italian War of Independence took place between April 1848 and August 1849 and involved the Austrian Empire and the forces opposing it from the Republic of San Marco, the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Papal States and the Roman Republic. The conflict took place in the northern Adriatic Sea, mostly off the ports of Venice and Trieste. No major naval battles were fought, and much of the war was an ongoing stalemate between fleets lacking the superiority over each other to strike a decisive blow against the enemy.

Roman Republic (1849–1850)
The Roman Republic (Italian: Repubblica Romana) was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta.  The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi.  Together they formed a triumvirate, a reflection of a form of government during the first century BC crisis of the Roman Republic.

One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution: freedom of religion, with Pope Pius IX and his successors guaranteed the right to govern the Catholic Church. These religious freedoms were quite different from the situation under the preceding government, which allowed only Catholicism and Judaism to be practised by its citizens. The Constitution of the Roman Republic was the first in the world to abolish capital punishment in its constitutional law.
Windows Photo Gallery
Windows Photo Gallery (formerly known as Windows Live Photo Gallery) is a discontinued image organizer, photo editor and photo sharing program. It is a part of Microsoft's Windows Essentials software suite.

Key features included photo management with tagging and metadata support, basic photo editing capabilities, and integration with online services such as OneDrive, Flickr, and Facebook for easy sharing.

The product has been unavailable for download since January 10, 2017, as the Windows Essentials line of products have been discontinued.

Windows Essentials
Windows Essentials (formerly Windows Live Essentials and Windows Live Installer) is a discontinued suite of Microsoft freeware applications that includes email, instant messaging, photo sharing, blogging, and parental control software. Essentials programs are designed to integrate well with each other, with Microsoft Windows, and other Microsoft web-based services such as OneDrive and Outlook.com.
Pierce College station
Pierce College station (signed as Pierce College/Winnetka) is a station on the G Line of the Los Angeles Metro Busway system.  It is named after the adjacent community college of the same name, which is located on Winnetka Avenue, immediately across Victory Boulevard from the station. The station is located in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Winnetka.

Los Angeles Pierce College
Los Angeles Pierce College, shortened to Pierce College or simply Pierce, is a public community college in the San Fernando Valley neighborhood of Woodland Hills in Los Angeles, California. It is part of the Los Angeles Community College District and is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. It serves 22,000 students each semester.

The college began with 70 students and 18 faculty members on September 15, 1947. Originally known as the Clarence W. Pierce School of Agriculture, the institution's initial focus was crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Nine years later, in 1956, the school was renamed to Los Angeles Pierce Junior College, retaining the name of its founder, Dr. Pierce, as well as his commitment to agricultural and veterinary study. (Pierce still maintains a 225-acre (91 ha) working farm for hands-on training.)
Rodman gun
The Rodman gun is any of a series of American Civil War–era columbiads designed by Union artillery officer Thomas Jackson Rodman (1815–1871). The guns were designed to fire both shot and shell. These heavy guns were intended to be mounted in seacoast fortifications. 8-inch, 10-inch, 13-inch, 15-inch, and 20-inch bore (20, 25, 33, 38, and 51 cm) Rodman guns were produced. Other than size, the guns were all nearly identical in design, with a curving bottle shape, a large flat cascabel, and ratchets or sockets for the elevating mechanism. Rodman guns were true guns that did not have a howitzer-like powder chamber, as did many earlier columbiads. Rodman guns differed from all previous artillery because they were hollow cast, a new technology that Rodman developed that resulted in cast-iron guns that were much stronger than their predecessors.

Columbiad
The columbiad was a large-caliber, smoothbore, muzzle-loading cannon able to fire heavy projectiles at both high and low trajectories. This feature enabled the columbiad to fire solid shot or shell to long ranges, making it an excellent seacoast defense weapon for its day.: 61, 63   The columbiad was first made at the foundry of Henry Foxall on the Potomac in Georgetown for use at Fort Columbus on Governor's Island in New York. Columbiads were used in United States seacoast defense from the War of 1812 until the early years of the 20th century. Very few columbiads were used outside of the U.S. and Confederate Armies; nevertheless, the columbiad is considered by some as the inspiration for the later shell-only cannons developed by Frenchman Henri-Joseph Paixhans some 30 years later.
Ontario Premier League
The Ontario Premier League (formerly known as League1 Ontario) is a semi-professional men's soccer league in Ontario, Canada. The league is sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association and the Ontario Soccer Association.

The Ontario Premier League consists of three tiers, with promotion and relegation between them. The top-two tiers consist of 12 teams each, while the lowest tier is uncapped in size.

In the Canadian soccer league system, the men's division is behind the fully-professional Canadian Premier League. It is part of Premier Soccer Leagues Canada (formerly League1 Canada), the national third tier with regional divisions, along with four other provincial leagues including the British Columbia Premier League, Alberta Premier League, Prairies Premier League, and Ligue1 Québec. The league champion qualifies for the Canadian Championship, Canada's domestic cup tournament. Dino Rossi serves as the commissioner of the league.

Ligue1 Québec
Ligue1 Québec (L1QC) is a semi-professional men's soccer league in Quebec, Canada. Founded in 2011 as the Première ligue de soccer du Québec, the league is sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association and the Quebec Soccer Federation. In 2025, the league expanded and introduced two new divisions Ligue2 Québec and Ligue3 Québec, following the ending of the amateur Ligue de soccer élite du Québec, with the teams being folded into L1Q.

In the Canadian soccer league system, the men's division is behind the fully-professional Canadian Premier League. It is part of Premier Soccer Leagues Canada, the national third tier with regional divisions, along with four other leagues. The men's league champion qualifies for the Canadian Championship, Canada's domestic cup tournament.
Algebra of sets
In mathematics, the algebra of sets, not to be confused with the mathematical structure of an algebra of sets, defines the properties and laws of sets, the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.

Any set of sets closed under the set-theoretic operations forms a Boolean algebra with the join operator being union, the meet operator being intersection, the complement operator being set complement, the bottom being ⁠⁠ and the top being the universe set under consideration.

Complement (set theory)
In set theory, the complement of a set A, often denoted by  (or A′), is the set of elements not in A.

When all elements in the universe, i.e. all elements under consideration, are considered to be members of a given set U, the absolute complement of A is the set of elements in U that are not in A.

The relative complement of A with respect to a set B, also termed the set difference of B and A, written  is the set of elements in B that are not in A.
Chester C. Bolton
Chester Castle Bolton (September 5, 1882 – October 29, 1939) was an American lawyer and World War I veteran who served as a U.S. representative from Ohio. He served four consecutive terms from 1929 to 1937. He was elected to a fifth term in 1938, but he died before completing the term.

He was the husband of Frances P. Bolton, who succeeded him in Congress, and the father of Oliver P. Bolton. Frances and Oliver Bolton would themselves become the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in Congress.

Oliver P. Bolton
Oliver Payne Bolton (February 22, 1917 – December 13, 1972) was an American politician of the Republican Party who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1953 to 1957 and from 1963 to 1965. In 1953, he and his mother, Frances P. Bolton, became the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in Congress. His father, Chester C. Bolton, also served in Congress.