hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graphic notation (music)
Graphic notation (or graphic score) is the representation of music through the use of visual symbols outside the realm of traditional music notation. Graphic notation became popular in the 1950s, and can be used either in combination with or instead of traditional music notation. Graphic notation was influenced by contemporary visual art trends in its conception, bringing stylistic components from modern art into music. Composers often rely on graphic notation in experimental music, where standard musical notation can be ineffective. Other uses include pieces where an aleatoric or undetermined effect is desired. One of the earliest pioneers of this technique was Earle Brown, who, along with John Cage, sought to liberate performers from the constraints of notation and make them active participants in the creation of the music.

Indeterminacy (music)
Indeterminacy is a composing approach in which some aspects of a musical work are left open to chance or to the interpreter's free choice. John Cage, a pioneer of indeterminacy, defined it as "the ability of a piece to be performed in substantially different ways".

The earliest significant use of music indeterminacy features is found in many of the compositions of American composer Charles Ives in the early 20th century. Henry Cowell adopted Ives's ideas during the 1930s, in works allowing players to arrange the fragments of music in a number of different possible sequences. Beginning in the early 1950s, the term came to refer to the (mostly American) movement which grew up around Cage. This group included the other members of the New York School. In Europe, following the introduction of the expression "aleatory music" by Werner Meyer-Eppler, the French composer Pierre Boulez was largely responsible for popularizing the term.
Heinrich Bullinger
Heinrich Bullinger (18 July 1504 – 17 September 1575) was a Swiss Reformer and theologian, the successor of Huldrych Zwingli as head of the Church of Zürich and a pastor at the Grossmünster. One of the most important leaders of the Swiss Reformation, Bullinger co-authored the Helvetic Confessions and collaborated with John Calvin to work out a Reformed doctrine of the Lord's Supper.

Helvetic Confessions
The Helvetic Confessions are two documents expressing the common belief of Reformed churches, especially in Switzerland, whose primary author was the Swiss Reformed theologian Heinrich Bullinger. The First Helvetic Confession (1536) contributed to the confessional unity of the Protestant cantons of Switzerland against the Roman Catholic cantons, whereas the Second Helvetic Confession (1566) contributed to the confessional unity of Reformed churches across Europe, particularly due to the patronage it received from Frederick III, Elector Palatine, who had it translated into German.: 635
Thomas Witlam Atkinson
Thomas Witlam Atkinson (1799–1861) was an English architect, artist and traveller. Between 1847 and 1853 he travelled 29,000 miles (47,000 km) in Siberia, Central Asia, and present-day Kazakhstan by carriage, horseback, and boat, much of the time together with his wife Lucy and son Alatau, who was born during their travels. He painted 560 watercolors, many of them of places unknown in England at the time. He documented his travels in two books and became a prominent lecturer and a member of the Royal Geographical Society and other scholarly organizations. His art is displayed in museums.

Atkinson was a bigamist, never divorcing his first wife before marrying Lucy, his second wife. His financial troubles possibly prompted him to leave England and undertake his travels in Central Asia.

Alatau T. Atkinson
Alatau Tamchiboulac Atkinson (November 4, 1848 – April 24, 1906) was a member of the House of Representatives for the Republic of Hawaii.  He served as Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Territory of Hawaii following annexation to the United States.  Appointed Inspector General of Schools for the Kingdom of Hawaii, he served under the administrations of Kalākaua and Liliʻuokalani, and continued in the position under the Provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii . A journalist and newspaper owner, he is believed to have been one of two authors of satirical works lampooning Walter Murray Gibson's cabinet regime under Kalākaua. Atkinson Drive in the Ala Moana area of Honolulu, was named to honor him.
Jhalawar district
Jhalawar district is one of the 50 districts of Rajasthan state in western India. The historical city of Jhalawar is the administrative headquarters of the Jhalawar district. The district is bounded on the northwest by Kota district, on the northeast by Baran district, on the east by Guna district of Madhya Pradesh state, on the south by Rajgarh district and Agar Malwa district of Madhya Pradesh state and on the west by Ratlam district and Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh state. The district occupies an area of 6,219 km². The district is part of Kota division.
To know more about Jhalawar City.

Jhalawar
Jhalawar ([dʒʱaːlaːʋaːɽ] ⓘ) is a city, municipal council and headquarter in Jhalawar district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located in the southeastern part of the state. It was the capital of the former princely state of Jhalawar, and is the administrative headquarters of Jhalawar District. Jhalawar was once known as Brijnagar.
Amherst, New York
Amherst (/ˈæmhərst/ ⓘ) is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. It is a suburb of Buffalo. As of 2020, the town had a total population of 129,595. This represents an increase from 122,366 as reported in the 2010 census. It is the 14th most populated municipality in New York.

The second-largest in area and the most populous suburb of Buffalo, the town of Amherst encompasses the village of Williamsville as well as the hamlets of Eggertsville, Getzville, Snyder, Swormville, and East Amherst. The town is in the northern part of Erie County and borders a section of the Erie Canal.

Amherst is home to the north campus of the University at Buffalo, a campus of Erie Community College, a satellite campus of Bryant & Stratton College, and Daemen University.

Clarence, New York
Clarence is a town and affluent suburb located in the northeastern part of Erie County, New York, United States, northeast of Buffalo. The population was 32,950 according to the 2020 census estimate. This represents an increase of 7.4% from the 2010 census figure. The Clarence census-designated place occupies the southeast part of the town and roughly corresponds to a postal district with ZIP code 14031 and 14221 in the western side which it shares with nearby Williamsville.  The town is named in honor of Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews (1765–1837), the third son of King George III and later king himself, as William IV.

There are no incorporated villages within the town.
Garfield County, Colorado
Garfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,685. The county seat is Glenwood Springs, and the largest community is Rifle. The county is named in honor of United States President James A. Garfield.

Garfield County is included in the Rifle-Glenwood Springs Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes neighboring Pitkin County and is home to nearly 80,000 residents. The county is also included in the Glenwood Springs-Edwards combined statistical area.

Routt County, Colorado
Routt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,829. The county seat is Steamboat Springs. Routt County is included in the Steamboat Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes neighboring Moffat County.
Coro di Nuoro
Coro di Nuoro is an Italian choir that performs popular and traditional Sardinian songs, including No potho reposare, Deus ti salvet Maria, the Miserere, and the Stabat Mater. Gian Paolo Mele is a former conductor of the choir.

Gian Paolo Mele
Gian Paolo Mele (Nuoro, June 10, 1944 – Nuoro, February 15, 2018) was an Italian choral conductor, composer and ethnomusicologist. Already at an early age he was interested in ethnomusicology; he became director of the Coro di Nuoro (Chorus of Nuoro), and he edited the editions of a remarkable record and audiovisual production of Sardinia's folk music.

In 2003, he composed the soundtrack of the film Three-Step Dance by Salvatore Mereu.
Indian Women's League
The Indian Women's League (abbreviated as the IWL) is the women's top tier professional football league in India, founded in 2016. Currently, a total of 8 teams from across the country participate in the league.

The competition was planned since 2014 and got established in 2016, with the first season starting from October 2016 in Cuttack, Odisha. The league was launched as India's first professional football league for women with the aim to increase the player pool for India national team. Since 2019–20, the clubs that become champions are granted an opportunity to play in the AFC Women's Club Championship, the top tier women's club football competition in Asia.

Until now five clubs have been crowned as champions: Eastern Sporting Union, Rising Students Club, Sethu, Gokulam Kerala and East Bengal. Out of them Gokulam Kerala has lifted the championship trophy thrice.

India women's national football team
The India women's national football team represents India in women's international football and is governed by the All India Football Federation. Under the global jurisdiction of FIFA and governed in Asia by the AFC. India is also part of the South Asian Football Federation. The team was one of the best in Asia in the mid-1970s to early 1980s, when they became runners-up in the 1979 and the 1983 AFC Women's Asian Cup. The Indian women's national team is yet to participate in the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Olympic Games.
Runaway Bride (film)
Runaway Bride is a 1999 American screwball romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall, and starring Julia Roberts and Richard Gere. The screenplay, written by Sara Parriott and Josann McGibbon, is about a reporter (Gere) who undertakes to write a story about a woman (Roberts) who has left a string of fiancés at the altar.

The film marked the first re-teaming of Gere, Roberts, Marshall, and Hector Elizondo following 1990's Pretty Woman. Runaway Bride was released on July 30, 1999 by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada and by Buena Vista International through the Touchstone Pictures banner in international markets. Though the film received generally negative reviews from critics, it was a commercial success, grossing $309 million worldwide.

Héctor Elizondo
Héctor Elizondo (born December 22, 1936) is an American character actor. He is known for playing Phillip Watters in the television series Chicago Hope (1994–2000) and Ed Alzate in the television series Last Man Standing (2011–2021). His film roles include Pocket Money (1972), The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974), Cuba (1979), American Gigolo (1980), The Flamingo Kid (1984), Taking Care of Business (1990), Pretty Woman (1990), Beverly Hills Cop III (1994), The Princess Diaries (2001), and Love in the Time of Cholera (2007).

Elizondo has received an Obie Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and two ALMA Awards, and had been nominated for a Drama Desk Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Satellite Award, and five Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Luang Namtha province
Luang Namtha (Lao: ຫລວງນໍ້າທາ, pronounced [lǔaŋ nâːm.tʰáː]; literally 'royal sugar palm' or "'royal green river') is a province of Laos in the country's north. From 1966 to 1976 it formed, together with Bokeo, the province of Houakhong. Luang Namtha province covers an area of 9,325 square kilometres (3,600 sq mi). Its provincial capital is Luang Namtha. The province borders Yunnan, China to the north, Oudomxai province to the east and southeast, Bokeo province to the southwest, and Shan State, Myanmar to the northwest. The province contains the Nam Ha National Biodiversity Conservation Area and is a sugar cane and rubber producing area. There are some 20 temples in Muang Sing, including Wat Sing Jai and Wat Namkeo. The anthropological Luang Namtha Museum is in Luang Namtha.

Oudomxay province
Oudomxay (alternates: Oudômxai or Moung Xai; Lao: ອຸດົມໄຊ, pronounced [ʔú.dòm.sáj]) is a province of Laos, located in the northwest of the country. Its capital is Muang Xai. It covers an area of 15,370 square kilometres (5,930 sq mi). It borders China to the north, Phongsali province to the northeast, Luang Prabang province to the east and southeast, Xaignabouli province to the south and southwest, Bokeo province to the west, and Luang Namtha province to the northwest. Its topography is mountainous, between 300–1,800 metres (980–5,910 ft) above sea level.

Besides rice, other local crops are corn, soybeans, fruits, vegetables, cassava (maniok), sugarcane, tobacco, cotton wool, tea and peanuts. In 2004, approximately 10,000 tons of sugarcane and 45,000 tons of corn were produced there.
American Sentinel College of Nursing and Health Sciences
American Sentinel College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Post University, formerly American Sentinel University, is a private for-profit online university focused on nursing education, with its headquarters located in Denver, Colorado. In March 2021, the university was acquired by Post University and subsequently rebranded as the American Sentinel College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Post University. Prior to the acquisition, American Sentinel University held programmatic accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) for its Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science (RN-to-BSN) and Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) programs, and from the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) for its Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program; these accreditations were maintained following the acquisition. The university was also nationally accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission.

Post University
Post University is a private for-profit university in Waterbury, Connecticut. It was founded in 1890 as Post College. The university offers over 25 undergraduate and graduate programs in day, evening, and online courses.
Mary Fiske Stoughton House
The Mary Fiske Stoughton House is a National Historic Landmark house at 90 Brattle Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  Henry Hobson Richardson designed the house in 1882 in what is now called the Shingle Style, with a minimum of ornament and shingles stretching over the building's irregular volumes like a skin.  The house drew immediate notice in the architectural community, and was a significant influence in the growth in popularity of the Shingle style in the late 19th century.  Richardson's masterful use of space in its design also foreshadowed the work of major 20th century architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright.  The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1989.

Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect, best known for his work in a style derived from Romanesque Revival that became known as Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture."
Blairmore Group
The Blairmore Group, originally named the Blairmore Formation, is a geologic unit of Early Cretaceous age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that is present in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It is subdivided into four formations: Cadomin Formation, Gladstone, Beaver Mines and Ma Butte, all of which are defined by type sections, most of which contain plant fossils. In some areas the Blairmore contains significant reservoirs of natural gas.

Cadomin Formation
The Cadomin Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian) age in the western part of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It is extends from southeastern British Columbia through western Alberta to northeastern British Columbia, and it contains significant reservoirs of natural gas in some areas. It was named after the mining town of Cadomin, which is an acronym of "Canadian Dominion Mining".
Combe Raleigh
Combe Raleigh (/kuːm ˈrɑːli/) is a village and civil parish in the county of Devon, England. The village lies about 1.5 miles north of the town of Honiton, and the parish is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Luppitt, Honiton, Awliscombe and Dunkeswell.

The word 'Combe' is of Celtic origin meaning 'valley' (the same as cwm) whilst the name 'Raleigh' comes from the Raleigh family's ownership of the village in the thirteenth century.

The 15th-century parish church (St. Nicholas) has six bells and its minister is shared with the nearby village of Awliscombe. The village has no shops.

In the past twenty to thirty years agriculture has declined considerably in the area, but the village does have three horticulture-based businesses. The most recently opened business being St. Isidore Agriculture Ltd.

Awliscombe
Awliscombe is a village and civil parish in the East Devon district of Devon, England.  The village is about two miles west of Honiton.  The 2011 census showed a population of 500 for the parish, which is surrounded clockwise from the north by the parishes of Dunkeswell, Combe Raleigh, Honiton, Gittisham, Buckerell, Payhembury and Broadhembury.

In the centre of the village is the church of St Michael & All Angels and Awliscombe C of E Primary School.

The village has been described as having "a fine show of medieval stonework", and the church screen as being "one of the splendid survivals of the best craftsmanship of medieval Devon".
Cadelling (south Wales)
The dynasty of the Cadelling, also known as the House of Deheubarth or the House of Dinefwr after its seat in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, was a medieval Welsh dynasty founded at the turn of the tenth century and primarily associated with the Kingdom of Dyfed and later Deheubarth. It was named for its founder, Cadell ap Rhodri, a son of Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd who conquered south-west Wales around 900 AD.

Many members of this family were influential in Welsh history, such as Hywel Dda, who allegedly codified Welsh law under his rule, and achieved the important title of King of the Britons, or Lord Rhys, Prince of Wales, who rebelled against Richard the Lionheart, and became one of the most powerful Welsh leaders of the Middle Ages.

Cadell ap Rhodri
Cadell ap Rhodri (854–909) was King of Seisyllwg, a minor kingdom in southwestern Wales, from about 872 until his death. The son of Rhodri Mawr, King of Gwynedd, Cadell was in turn the father of Hywel Dda, who eventually came to rule most of Wales and caused Welsh laws to be codified. Cadell is considered the founder of the Welsh royal House of Dinefwr.
Sylvia Sanchez
Jossette Campo-Atayde (born May 19, 1971), known professionally as Sylvia Sanchez, is a Filipino actress and comedian. Among her accolades include three PMPC Star Awards for Television, one FAMAS Award, one Golden Screen TV Award, one Metro Manila Film Festival award, and one PMPC Star Award for Movies.

Arjo Atayde
Juan Carlos "Arjo" Campo Atayde (born November 5, 1990) is a Filipino actor and politician who has served as the representative for Quezon City's 1st district since 2022. He is best known for his appearances on drama series aired on ABS-CBN, as well as his critically acclaimed role as Benjo in the web series Bagman. A member of the Nacionalista Party, Atayde was first elected to Congress as an independent in the 2022 general elections, where he unseated incumbent representative Onyx Crisologo.
Crime in Singapore
Crime rates in Singapore are some of the lowest in the world, with petty crimes such as pickpocketing and street theft rarely occurring, and violent crime being extremely rare. Penalties for drug offences such as trafficking in Singapore are severe, and include the death penalty.

In 2022, Singapore ranked first as the safest country or area in the Global Law and Order Index. It was also ranked the third safest city in 2021 by the Economist Intelligence Unit, and 24th safest out of 136 countries in the Global Organized Crime Index by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
Tamaroa people
The Tamaroa were a Native American people in the central Mississippi River valley of North America, and a member of the Illiniwek or Illinois Confederation of 12 or 13 tribes. The name "Tamaroa" is a derivative of the word tamarowa meaning "cut tail" in Illiniwek and relates to a totemic animal such as bear or wildcat.  An Algonquian-speaking group, like the rest of the Illiniwek, they lived on both sides of the Mississippi River in the area of the confluence with the Illinois and Missouri Rivers. Tamaroan culture is presumed to be similar to that of the Kaskaskia, Peoria, and other Illinois tribes.

Peoria people
The Peoria (Miami–Illinois: Peewaalia) are a Native American people. They are enrolled in the federally recognized Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma headquartered in Miami, Oklahoma.

The Peoria people are the remnants of the nations that constituted the Illinois Confederation. The Peoria Tribe was located east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. In the colonial period, they traded with French colonists in that territory.

After 1763, when the British took over those lands following victory in the Seven Years' War, the Peoria were moved west across the Mississippi. In 1867 their descendants moved to Indian Territory with remnants of related tribes and were assigned land in present-day Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The land which they were assigned belonged to the Quapaw, who were made to cede this land for the Peoria and Miami.
Bourne Braves
The Bourne Braves are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Bourne, Massachusetts. The team is a member of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL) and plays in the league's West Division. The Braves play their home games at Doran Park on the campus of Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical School in Bourne. The Braves are owned and operated by the non-profit Bourne Athletic Association.

Bourne won its fifth overall CCBL championship of the modern era by defeating the Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox to win the 2025 finals series. Teams from Bourne/Sagamore have claimed ten championship titles since the league's beginnings, and over 100 players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball.

Hyannis Harbor Hawks
The Hyannis Harbor Hawks, formerly the Hyannis Mets, are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Hyannis, Massachusetts. The team is a member of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL) and plays in the league's West Division. The Harbor Hawks play their home games at Judy Walden Scarafile Field at McKeon Park. The team is owned and operated by the non-profit Hyannis Athletic Association.

Hyannis most recently won the CCBL championship in 1991 when they defeated the Chatham A's two games to none to win the best of three championship series. The title was the third in team history, having won back-to-back league championships in 1978 and 1979. Since the club's inception, over 100 players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball.