hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3rd Scottish Parliament
This is a list of members (MSPs) returned to the third Scottish Parliament at the 2007 Scottish Parliament election. Of the 129 MSPs, 73 were elected from first past the post constituencies with a further 56 members being returned from eight regions, each electing seven MSPs as a form of mixed member proportional representation.

The 2007 Scottish Parliament election produced another hung parliament which saw the Scottish National Party replace Scottish Labour as the largest party group in the Parliament. On 16 May 2007, the Scottish Parliament elected Alex Salmond as First Minister of Scotland. The next day, Salmond officially took office after being sworn in at the Court of Session and went on to form the Parliament's first minority administration.

First Salmond government
The first Salmond government, which was sworn in on 17 May 2007 at the start of the 3rd Scottish Parliament, was an SNP minority government.

Having won the largest number of seats in the general election (47 of 129) the SNP sought to form a coalition with the Scottish Liberal Democrats.  When those talks failed, the SNP chose to form a one-party minority government. The SNP and Scottish Greens signed an agreement where the Greens supported SNP ministerial appointments, but did not offer support for any confidence or budget votes ("confidence and supply"). SNP leader, Alex Salmond was elected First Minister on 16 May 2007; he was officially sworn in and his slate of ministerial appointments were ratified by the Scottish Parliament the following day.
Visual IRC
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.

IRC script
IRC scripts are a way of shortening commands and responding automatically to certain events while connected to an IRC network. There are many different scripting languages for different types of IRC clients: ircII, BitchX, HexChat, mIRC, Visual IRC, Bersirc, and others have their own scripting languages, many of which share common features and syntax and therefore are easily portable from one IRC client to another.
Prüm explosion
On 15 July 1949 an ammunition depot exploded on the hill of Kalvarienberg in the Eifel mountains, in West Germany near the border with Luxembourg. The cause of the explosion, in which the town of Prüm was heavily damaged and 12 people killed, was never discovered. The crater, which is still visible today, is one of the largest man-made explosion craters in existence. A cross on the Kalvarienberg ('Calvary Hill') commemorates the victims of the disaster.

Explosion crater
An explosion crater is a type of crater formed when material is ejected from the surface of the ground by an explosion at or immediately above or below the surface.

A crater is formed by an explosion through the displacement and ejection of material from the ground.  It is typically bowl-shaped.  High-pressure gas and shock waves cause three processes responsible for the creation of the crater:

Plastic deformation of the ground.

Projection of material (ejecta) from the ground by the explosion.

Spallation of the ground surface.

Two processes partially fill the crater back in:

Fall-back of ejecta.

Erosion and landslides of the crater lip and wall.

The relative importance of the five processes varies, depending on the height above or depth below the ground surface at which the explosion occurs and on the composition of the ground.
Yegor Sazonov
Yegor Sergeyevich Sazonov or Sozonov (Russian: Его́р Серге́евич Созо́нов; 7 June [O.S. 23 May] 1879 – 10 December [O.S. 27 November] 1910) was a Russian revolutionary and a member of the Terrorist Brigade or SR Combat Organization who threw the bomb that assassinated Russian Minister of the Interior Vyacheslav von Plehve in 1904.

Vyacheslav von Plehve
Vyacheslav Konstantinovich von Plehve (Russian: Вячесла́в Константи́нович фон Пле́ве, IPA: [vʲɪtɕɪˈslaf kənstɐnʲˈtʲinəvʲɪtɕ fɐn ˈplʲevʲɪ]; 20 April [O.S. 8 April] 1846 – 28 July [O.S. 15 July] 1904) was a Russian politician who served as the director of the police from 1881 to 1884 and later as the minister of the interior from 1902 until his assassination in 1904.
Lil' Golden Book
Lil' Golden Book is the debut studio album by the New Zealand recording artist Princess Chelsea. It was released on 2 May 2011,  through Lil' Chief Records. The album was produced by Jonathan Bree and Chelsea Nikkel. The album tells the tale of life growing up as a teenager and young adult in New Zealand.

Princess Chelsea
Chelsea Lee Nikkel (born September 4, 1985), better known by her stage name Princess Chelsea, is a New Zealand producer, musician and visual artist. She was a member of twee pop band the Brunettes and cult Auckland band Teenwolf. Chelsea has released four albums of original material and one covers album. Nikkel is associated with the Lil' Chief Records collective and is a part-time member of Disciples of Macca, a Paul McCartney covers band featuring members of the Brunettes, Ruby Suns, Bressa Creeting Cake and Lawrence Arabia and more recently performs as a bass player in the three-piece rock'n'roll band, Hang Loose.
Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber
The Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber is a weekly newspaper based in Vashon in the U.S. state of Washington. It covers local news, sports, business, and community events for Vashon Island and Maury Island. The Island Beachcomber publishes once a week on Wednesdays. The newspaper is part of Sound Publishing, a group of local newspapers owned by the Black Press Group.

Black Press
Black Press Group Ltd. (BPG) is a Canadian commercial printer and newspaper publisher founded in 1975 by David Holmes Black. Based in Surrey, British Columbia, it was previously owned by the publisher of Toronto Star (Torstar, 19.35%) and Black (80.65%).

In March 2024, it was announced that Carpenter Media Group had completed its acquisition of the firm, in a deal that involved Canso Investment Counsel, Ltd.
Franz Hofer
Franz Hofer (November 27, 1902 – February 18, 1975) was an Austrian Nazi politician.

He was Gauleiter (party leader) in Tyrol and Vorarlberg and, during the Third Reich, the most powerful figure in the region. Hofer dealt directly with Adolf Hitler or with the Führer's secretary, Martin Bormann.

Hofer was also the Reichskommissar in charge of the Tirol-Vorarlberg defences. His region embraced much of the suspected National Redoubt. Indeed, Hofer might well be considered the father of the Redoubt.

Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg
The Reichsgau Tyrol-Vorarlberg (German: Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany consisting of Vorarlberg and North Tyrol (both in Austria). It existed from 1938 to 1945. It did not include East Tyrol (Lienz), which was instead part of Reichsgau Carinthia.

After the Italian Armistice with the Allies the Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino were placed under direct German control as the Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills (Operationszone Alpenvorland, OZAV), which was de facto annexed and administered as part of Tyrol-Vorarlberg.
Peterson Institute for International Economics
The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), known until 2006 as the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981 and has been led by Adam S. Posen since 2013. PIIE conducts research, provides policy recommendations, and publishes books and articles on a wide range of topics related to the US economy and international economics.

According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), PIIE ranked number 20 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".

Adam Posen
Adam Simon Posen CBE (born 1966) is an American economist and President of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE). He became PIIE president on January 1, 2013, having first joined the Institute in July 1997.
Liu Hui
Liu Hui (fl.  3rd century CE) was a Chinese mathematician who published a commentary in 263 CE on Jiu Zhang Suan Shu (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art). He was a descendant of the Marquis of Zixiang of the Eastern Han dynasty and lived in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE) of China.

His major contributions as recorded in his commentary on The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art include a proof of the Pythagorean theorem, theorems in solid geometry, an improvement on Archimedes's approximation of π, and a systematic method of solving linear equations in several unknowns. In his other work, Haidao Suanjing (The Sea Island Mathematical Manual), he wrote about geometrical problems and their application to surveying. He probably visited Luoyang, where he measured the sun's shadow.

The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art is a Chinese mathematics book, composed by several generations of scholars from the 10th–2nd century BCE, its latest stage being from the 1st century CE. This book is one of the earliest surviving mathematical texts from China, the others being the Suan shu shu (202 BCE – 186 BCE) and Zhoubi Suanjing (compiled throughout the Han until the late 2nd century CE). It lays out an approach to mathematics that centres on finding the most general methods of solving problems, which may be contrasted with the approach common to ancient Greek mathematicians, who tended to deduce propositions from an initial set of axioms.

Entries in the book usually take the form of a statement of a problem, followed by the statement of the solution and an explanation of the procedure that led to the solution. These were commented on by Liu Hui in the 3rd century.

The book was later included in the early Tang collection, the Ten Computational Canons.
Charles-Omer Valois
Charles-Omer Valois (April 24, 1924 – August 4, 2013) was a Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church.

Charles-Omer Valois was born in Montreal and was ordained a priest on June 3, 1950.
Valois was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Saint-Jérôme on June 10, 1977, and ordained bishop on June 29, 1977. Valois would resign from the diocese on January 22, 1997.

Diocese of Saint-Jérôme–Mont-Laurier
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Hieronymi Terraebonae) is a Latin rite suffragan of the Archdiocese of Montréal.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Cathédrale Saint-Jérôme, dedicated to Saint Jerome (Hieronumus), in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec.
Glendale, California
Glendale is a city located primarily in the Verdugo Mountains region, with a small portion in the San Fernando Valley, of Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) north of Downtown Los Angeles.

As of 2025, Glendale had a Census-estimated population of 187,823 making it the 4th-most populous city in Los Angeles County and the 24th-most populous city in California.

Glendale—along with neighboring Burbank and nearby Hollywood—has served as a major production center for the American film industry, and especially animation, and is home to Disneytoon Studios, Marvel Animation, and DreamWorks Animation.

La Crescenta-Montrose, California
La Crescenta-Montrose (pronunciationⓘ) is an unincorporated area in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The community is bordered by Glendale to the south and west, La Cañada Flintridge to the east, and Angeles National Forest to the north. According to the United States Census Bureau, the La Crescenta-Montrose Census-Designated Place (CDP) measures about 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), and the population was 19,997 at the 2020 census, up from 19,653 in 2010 and 18,532 in 2000.
Csongrád County (former)
Csongrád (Hungarian: Csongrád, Serbian: Чонград, Čongrad) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was smaller than that of present-day Csongrád-Csanád County, is now part of Hungary, except a very small area which belongs to Serbia. The capital of the county was Szentes.

Torontál County
Torontál (Hungarian: Torontál, German: Torontal, Serbian: Торонтал, Romanian: Torontal) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between Serbia and Romania, except for a small area which is part of Hungary. The capital of the county was Nagybecskerek (Serbian: Велики Бечкерек, German: Großbetschkerek, Romanian: Becicherecu Mare), the current Zrenjanin.
5-demicube
In five-dimensional geometry, a demipenteract or 5-demicube is a semiregular 5-polytope, constructed from a 5-hypercube (penteract) with alternated vertices removed.

It was discovered by Thorold Gosset. Since it was the only semiregular 5-polytope (made of more than one type of regular facets), he called it a 5-ic semi-regular. E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as HM5 for a 5-dimensional half measure polytope.

Coxeter named this polytope as 121 from its Coxeter diagram, which has branches of length 2, 1 and 1 with a ringed node on one of the short branches,  and Schläfli symbol  or {3,32,1}.

It exists in the k21 polytope family as 121 with the Gosset polytopes: 221, 321, and 421.

The graph formed by the vertices and edges of the demipenteract is sometimes called the Clebsch graph, though that name sometimes refers to the folded cube graph of order five instead.

Uniform k 21 polytope
In geometry, a uniform k21 polytope is a polytope in k + 4 dimensions constructed from the En Coxeter group, and having only regular polytope facets. The family was named by their Coxeter symbol k21 by its bifurcating Coxeter–Dynkin diagram, with a single ring on the end of the k-node sequence.

Thorold Gosset discovered this family as a part of his 1900 enumeration of the regular and semiregular polytopes, and so they are sometimes called Gosset's semiregular figures. Gosset named them by their dimension from 5 to 9, for example the 5-ic semiregular figure.
1243 papal election
The 1243 papal election (16 May – 25 June) elected Cardinal Sinibaldo Fieschi of Genoa to succeed Pope Celestine IV.  The conclave began after the Holy See had been vacant for 18 months and six days, therefore ca. May 16, 1243.  There were nine cardinals present.  Six votes were needed, therefore, for a canonical election. It took some five weeks for the cardinals to agree on an acceptable candidate. Fieschi took the name Innocent IV.

Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV (Latin: Innocentius IV; c. 1195 – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.

Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. He was considered in his own day and by posterity as a fine canonist. On the strength of this reputation, he was called to the Roman Curia by Pope Honorius III. Pope Gregory IX made him a cardinal and appointed him governor of the Ancona in 1235. Fieschi was elected pope in 1243 and took the name Innocent IV. He inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year he traveled to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome. He returned to Rome in 1250 after the death of the Emperor Frederick II.

On 15 May 1252 he promulgated the bull  Ad extirpanda  authorizing torture against heretics, equated with ordinary criminals.
Paul Jennings Hill
Paul Jennings Hill (February 6, 1954 – September 3, 2003) was an American minister, religious extremist, and anti-abortion terrorist who murdered physician John Britton and Britton's bodyguard, retired Air Force Lieutenant Colonel James Barrett, in 1994. Hill was sentenced to death by lethal injection and was executed on September 3, 2003.

Anti-abortion violence
Anti-abortion violence is violence committed against individuals and organizations that perform abortions or provide abortion counseling. Incidents of violence have included destruction of property, including vandalism; crimes against people, including kidnapping, stalking, assault, attempted murder, and murder; and crimes affecting both people and property, as well as arson and terrorism, such as bombings.

Anti-abortion extremists are considered a current domestic terrorist threat by the United States Department of Justice. Most documented incidents have occurred in the United States, though they have also occurred in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. G. Davidson Smith of Canadian Security Intelligence Service defined anti-abortion violence as single-issue terrorism. A study of 1982–87 violence considered the incidents "limited political" or "sub-revolutionary" terrorism.
Saiyok Pumpanmuang
Saiyok Pumpanmuang (Thai: ไทรโยค พุ่มพันธ์ม่วง, IPA: [sājjōːk pʰûmpʰānmûːaŋ]; born October 23, 1983), formerly known as Saiyoknoi Sakchainarong (ไทรโยคน้อย ศักดิ์ชัยณรงค์, IPA: [sājjōːknɔ́ːj sàkt͡ɕʰājnārōŋ]), is a Thai welterweight kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter.

He is a former Lumpinee Stadium 154 lbs champion, Thailand 147 lbs champion, WMC 140 lbs champion and Rajadamnern Stadium 140 lbs champion. Saiyok rose to fame during his time with Thai Fight, participating in the inaugural Thai Fight Kard Chuek tournament in 2013 and winning the 2014 Thai Fight 72.5kg Tournament.

Thai Fight
Thai Fight (Thai: ไทยไฟต์; stylized as THAI FIGHT in capitals) is a Muay Thai promotion based in Bangkok, Thailand, which hosts events worldwide and all across Thailand. Thai Fight events are produced in conjunction with the Tourism Authority of Thailand. The inaugural tournament took place on August 29, 2010, and the promotion has since featured notable fighters such as Youssef Boughanem, Sudsakorn Sor Klinmee, Saiyok Pumpanmuang, Yodsanklai Fairtex, Buakaw Banchamek and Saenchai.

In 2011, the King of Thailand Bhumibol Adulyadej (King Rama IX) started supporting the Thai Fight events and founded the Thai Fight King's Cup Tournament. The winners are awarded the King's Cup and a 1,000,000 Thai baht cash prize. The annual Thai Fight: King of Muay Thai tournament awards the finalist a grand prize of 2,000,000 baht and an Isuzu pickup truck.
Terry Fox Drive
Terry Fox Drive (Ottawa Road #61) is a major arterial road in Ottawa, Ontario named for the late Canadian humanitarian, activist, and athlete Terry Fox. Located in the suburb of Kanata in the city's west end, the road is a major route for residents traveling to/from the north end of Kanata. Starting in the Kanata North Technology Park at an intersection with Herzberg Road, it crosses March Road and Innovation Drive and bisects an old-growth forest, before heading south past Kanata Centrum. It crosses Highway 417, passes Katimavik-Hazeldean and Glen Cairn, and ends at Eagleson Road, where it continues east as Hope Side Road. Terry Fox Drive is a four lane arterial between just north of Richardson Side Road and just south of Winchester Drive, and a two lane undivided road elsewhere.

Kanata, Ontario
Kanata (/kəˈnætə/, kə-NAT-ə) is a satellite community and former city within Ottawa, Ontario. It is located about 22 km (14 mi) west of the city's downtown core. As of 2021, the former City of Kanata had a population of 98,938, with the population centre (which includes next-door Stittsville) having a population of 137,118. Before it was amalgamated into Ottawa in 2001, it was one of the fastest-growing cities in Canada and the fastest-growing community in Eastern Ontario. Located just to the west of the National Capital Commission Greenbelt, it is one of the largest of several communities that surround central Ottawa.
Marozia
Marozia, born Maria and also known as Mariuccia or Mariozza (c. 890 – 937), was a Roman noblewoman who was the alleged mistress of Pope Sergius III and was given the unprecedented titles senatrix ("senatoress") and patricia of Rome by Pope John X.

Edward Gibbon wrote of her that the "influence of two sister prostitutes, Marozia and Theodora was founded on their wealth and beauty, their political and amorous intrigues: the most strenuous of their lovers were rewarded with the Roman tiara, and their reign may have suggested to darker ages the fable of a female pope. The bastard son, two grandsons, two great grandsons, and one great great grandson of Marozia—a rare genealogy—were seated in the Chair of St. Peter." Pope John XIII was her nephew, the offspring of her younger sister Theodora. From this description, the term "pornocracy" has become associated with the effective rule in Rome of Theodora and her daughter Marozia through male surrogates.

Pope John X
Pope John X (Latin: Ioannes X; died 28 May 928) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from March 914 to his death. A candidate of the counts of Tusculum, he attempted to unify Italy under the leadership of Berengar of Friuli, and was instrumental in the defeat of the Saracens at the Battle of Garigliano. He eventually fell out with Marozia, who had him deposed, imprisoned, and finally murdered. John’s pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.
Jordan River Dam
The Jordan River Dam, officially the Jordan River Diversion Dam, and known locally simply as Diversion Dam, is a dam located in Jordan River, British Columbia, Canada.  It is part of the second hydroelectric development on Vancouver Island.

Goldstream Powerhouse
48°27′50″N 123°35′6″W﻿ / ﻿48.46389°N 123.58500°W﻿ / 48.46389; -123.58500
The Goldstream Powerhouse  is a decommissioned  hydroelectric plant located near Goldstream Provincial Park in Langford, near Victoria, British Columbia. This plant provided electricity to Victoria for 60 years and is one of the little-known and ingenious chapters in the history of Victoria. This plant was one of the first hydro plants of this type on the west coast of North America. The structure is over a century old and is unsafe to inhabit. It is within the boundaries of the watershed lands owned by the CRD and is inaccessible to the public due to its proximity to a drinking water reservoir.
Indo-Australian plate
The Indo-Australian plate is or was a major tectonic plate. It is in the process of separation into two or three plates, and may be currently separated into more than one plate. It contains the continent of Australia, its surrounding ocean and extends north-west to include the Indian subcontinent and the adjacent waters.

Indian plate
The Indian plate is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Indian Ocean. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, the Indian plate broke away from the other fragments of Gondwana 100 million years ago and began moving north, carrying Insular India (Now called South Asia) with it. It was once fused with the adjacent Australian plate to form a single Indo-Australian plate, but recent studies suggest that India and Australia may have been separate plates for at least 3 million years. The Indian plate includes most of modern South Asia (the Indian subcontinent) and a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of Tibet, Sumatra, and extending up to but not including Ladakh, Kohistan, and Balochistan in Pakistan.