hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aleksandra Melnichenko
Aleksandra Melnichenko (née Nikolić; Serbian: Александра Мељниченко, née Николић, romanized: Aleksandra Meljničenko; born 21 April 1977), also known as Sandra Meljničenko (Serbian Cyrillic: Сандра Мељниченко), is a Serbian philanthropist and a former singer and model. She is married to the Russian billionaire entrepreneur Andrey Melnichenko.

Andrey Melnichenko (industrialist)
Andrey Igorevich Melnichenko (Russian: Андрей Игоревич Мельниченко, romanized: Andrey Igorevich Melnichenko; Belarusian: Андрэй Iгаравiч Мельнічэнка, romanized: Andrey Iharavich Myel′nichenka; born 8 March 1972) is a Russian-Emirati billionaire entrepreneur. He is the founder and ex-beneficiary of fertilizer producer EuroChem Group and coal producer SUEK, and was a non-executive director in both companies until 9 March 2022.

In 2022 Forbes and Bloomberg estimated his net worth at $15.8 billion and $17.4 billion respectively, which makes him one of the richest persons in Russia. In the 2023 ranking, for the first time, he took first place among Russian billionaires with a fortune of $25.2 billion (58th place in the world).

According to Bloomberg Billionaires Index his net worth is about $21.9 billion as of February 2024.

As per Forbes list of The Richest People In The World, dated 8 March 2024, Andrey Melnichenko ranked #91 with a net worth of $21.1 Billion.
Jocelyn Bolante
Jocelyn "Jocjoc" Isada Bolante (born August 27, 1951) is a Filipino politician who formerly served as an Undersecretary of the Department of Agriculture of the Philippines. He was implicated by the Philippine Senate to the ongoing investigation related to corruption concerning fertilizer funding while serving as a government official. Bolante left the Philippines on December 11, 2005. He returned to the Philippines on October 28, 2008, after being detained at an immigration office in the United States. The corruption related to fertilizer funds was exposed when news broke that a Filipino journalist, Marlene Garcia-Esperat (who was from Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines), was killed on March 24, 2005.

Fertilizer Fund scam
The Fertilizer Fund scam is a Philippine political controversy involving accusations that Agriculture Undersecretary Jocelyn Bolante diverted ₱728 million in fertilizer funds to the 2004 election campaign of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
Vallejo, California
Vallejo (/vəˈleɪ(h)oʊ/ və-LAY-(h)oh; Spanish pronunciation: [baˈʎexo] ⓘ) is a city in Solano County, California, United States, and the second largest city in the North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 United States census. Vallejo is home to the California Maritime Academy, Touro University California and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.

Vallejo is named after Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the famed Californio general and statesman. The city was founded in 1851 on General Vallejo's Rancho Suscol to serve as the capital city of California, which it was from 1852 to 1853, after which the Californian government moved to neighboring Benicia, named in honor of Vallejo's wife Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo. The Mare Island Naval Shipyard was founded in 1854, and defined Vallejo's economy until the turn of the 21st century.

Mare Island Naval Shipyard
The Mare Island Naval Shipyard (MINSY or MINS) was the first United States Navy base established on the Pacific Ocean and was in service 142 years from 1854 to 1996. It is located on the peninsula of Mare Island, which is part of the city of Vallejo, on San Pablo Bay in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, 23 miles (37 km) northeast of San Francisco. MINSY made a name for itself as the premier U.S. West Coast submarine port as well as serving as the controlling force in San Francisco Bay Area shipbuilding efforts during World War II.

The naval base was closed on 31 March 1996, with more than 7,500 civilians on its payroll, and has gone through several redevelopment phases. It was registered as a California Historical Landmark in 1960, and parts of it were declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1975.
Shuanggudui
Shuanggudui (simplified Chinese: 双古堆; traditional Chinese: 雙古堆; pinyin: Shuānggǔduī) is an archeological site located near Fuyang in China's Anhui province. Shuanggudui grave no. 1, which belongs to Xiahou Zao (夏侯灶), the second marquis of Ruyin (汝陰侯), was sealed in 165 BCE in the early Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE). Excavated in 1977, it was found to contain a large number of texts written on bamboo strips, including fragments of the Classic of Poetry and the Songs of the South, a text on breathing exercises, a "year table" (年表) recounting historical events, a manual on dogs, a version of the I Ching (Yijing) that differs from the received one, and artifacts including the oldest known cosmic board, a divinatory instrument. Like Mawangdui and Guodian, two other tombs from the area of the old state of Chu, the Shuanggudui find has shed great light on the culture and practices of the early Han dynasty.

Fuyang
Fuyang (simplified Chinese: 阜阳; traditional Chinese: 阜陽; pinyin: Fùyángⓘ, previously romanized as Fowyang) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It is bordered by Henan province to the west and the cities of Bozhou to the northeast, Huainan to the southeast, and Lu'an to the south.

Its population was 8,200,264 inhabitants at the 2020 census whom 2,128,538 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts Yingzhou, Yingdong and Yingquan.
Calcifediol
Calcifediol, also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (abbreviated 25(OH)D3), is a form of vitamin D produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. Calcifediol can be further hydroxylated by the enzyme 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase, primarily in the kidney, to form calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2D3), which is the active hormonal form of vitamin D.

Calcifediol is strongly bound in blood by the vitamin D-binding protein. Measurement of serum calcifediol is the usual test performed to determine a person's vitamin D status, to show vitamin D deficiency or sufficiency. Calcifediol is available as an oral medication in some countries to supplement vitamin D status.

CYP2R1
CYP2R1 is cytochrome P450 2R1, an enzyme which is the principal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. In humans it is encoded by the CYP2R1 gene located on chromosome 11p15.2. It is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum in liver, where it performs the first step in the activation of vitamin D by catalyzing the formation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity is also possessed by some other cytochrome P450 enzymes, in particular CYP27A1, which is found in mitochondria.
Rafael Câmara
Rafael "Rafa" Chaves Câmara (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˌʁa.faˈɛw ˈkɐ̃.mɐ.ɾɐ], born 5 May 2005) is a Brazilian racing driver who is set to compete in the FIA Formula 2 Championship for Invicta Racing as part of the Ferrari Driver Academy.

Born and raised in Pernambuco, Câmara began competitive kart racing aged six, winning several continental titles before graduating to junior formulae in 2022. After becoming a member of the Ferrari Driver Academy, he debuted in Formula 4 with Prema, finishing runner-up to Charlie Wurz in the UAE Championship and third in both the Italian and ADAC Championships. He progressed to Formula Regional in 2023, where he claimed third in the Middle East and multiple victories in the European Championship, which he won the following season with Prema. Upon his graduation to FIA Formula 3, he won the championship in his rookie season with Trident.

FIA Formula 3 Championship
The FIA Formula 3 Championship (FIA F3) is a third-tier international single-seater racing championship organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship launched in 2019 as a feeder series for the FIA Formula 1 World Championship and FIA Formula 2 Championships. It was the result of a merger between two third-tier single-seater racing championships, the GP3 Series and the FIA Formula 3 European Championship. This championship is part of the FIA Global Pathway consolidation project plan. Unlike its co-predecessor, the Formula 3 European Championship, the series runs exclusively in support of Formula One races.
Mystic, Connecticut
Mystic is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Groton and Stonington, Connecticut.

Mystic was a significant Connecticut seaport with more than 600 ships built over 135 years starting in 1784. Mystic Seaport, located in the village, is the largest maritime museum in the United States and has preserved a number of sailing ships, such as the whaling ship Charles W. Morgan. The village is located on the Mystic River which flows into Fishers Island Sound. The Mystic River Bascule Bridge crosses the river in the center of the village.  The name "Mystic" is derived from the Pequot term "missi-tuk" describing a large river whose waters are driven into waves by tides or wind. The population was 4,348 at the 2020 census.

Charles W. Morgan (ship)
Charles W. Morgan is an American whaling ship built in 1841 that was active during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Ships of this type were used to harvest the blubber of whales for whale oil which was commonly used in lamps. Charles W. Morgan has served as a museum ship since the 1940s and is now an exhibit at the Mystic Seaport museum in Mystic, Connecticut. She is the world's oldest surviving merchant vessel, the only surviving wooden whaling ship from the 19th century American merchant fleet (of an estimated 2,700 built), and the second-oldest seaworthy vessel in the world after the USS Constitution. Charles W. Morgan was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.
README
A README file contains 
descriptive information about the content of a directory in which the file is located. The scope of the information generally includes the files of the directory, and may include descendant directories, or even the full directory tree. The name is intended to draw a user's attention to important and orientational information about the directory content. A rule of thumb for one unfamiliar with the content of a directory is to read the README file before other files. Although the name README is often used, there are many other similar names used for the same purpose including "Read Me" and "READ.ME". Sometimes the file name includes an extension to indicate the file format such as "README.txt" for plain text or "README.md" for Markdown. The file's name is often all caps.

A README file in an archive acts the same as in a directory since an archive is like a directory that is stored as a single file.

Markdown
Markdown is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber created Markdown in 2004 as an easy-to-read markup language. Markdown is widely used for blogging, instant messaging, and large language models, and also used elsewhere in online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files.

The initial description of Markdown contained ambiguities and raised unanswered questions, causing implementations to both intentionally and accidentally diverge from the original version. This was addressed in 2014 when long-standing Markdown contributors released CommonMark, an unambiguous specification and test suite for Markdown.
BBC Cymru Wales
BBC Cymru Wales is a division of the BBC and the main public broadcaster in Wales.

It is one of the four BBC national regions, alongside the BBC English Regions, BBC Northern Ireland and BBC Scotland. Established in 1964, BBC Cymru Wales is based in Cardiff and directly employs some 1,200 people to produce a range of programmes for television, radio and online services in both English and Welsh.

BBC Cymru Wales operates two TV channels (BBC One Wales, BBC Two Wales) and three radio stations (BBC Radio Wales, BBC Radio Cymru and BBC Radio Cymru 2). The total budget for BBC Cymru Wales (including S4C's £76 million) is £151 million, £31 million of which is for BBC-produced television productions.

BBC Radio Cymru 2
BBC Radio Cymru 2 is a Welsh language radio station owned and operated by BBC Cymru Wales, a division of the BBC. It broadcasts across Wales on DAB, digital TV and BBC Sounds.

Radio Cymru 2 broadcasts music-led programming for up to 60 hours a week, as an opt-out from the main BBC Radio Cymru service, which provides shared programming at certain hours of the day. The station also simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 2 after closedown.

The managing editor of BBC Radio Cymru is Dafydd Meredydd, a former presenter and producer for both stations.
Green Grass, Running Water
Green Grass, Running Water is a 1993 novel by American-born Canadian author Thomas King. The novel is set in a contemporary First Nations Blackfoot community in Alberta, Canada. It gained attention due to its unique use of structure, narrative, and the fusion of oral and written literary traditions. The novel is rife with humor and satire, particularly regarding Judeo-Christian beliefs as well as Western government and society. Green Grass, Running Water was a finalist for the 1993 Governor General's Award in Fiction.

Thomas King (novelist)
Thomas King CC (born April 24, 1943) is an American-born Canadian writer and broadcast presenter who most often writes about First Nations. Though he previously said that he was of partial Cherokee descent, King accepted findings by genealogists in 2025 that he has no Indigenous ancestry.
I'm Not
I'm Not is the thirteenth studio album by Japanese singer Shizuka Kudo. It was released on April 29, 1998, through Pony Canyon. The album was entirely produced and composed by Sharam Q guitarist, Hatake, while Kudo wrote the lyrics for all ten songs, under the pseudonym Aeri. The album features prominent rock musicians such as Hideki Samejima of Hound Dog on bass, Munetaka Higuchi of Loudness on drums, and Vow Wow's Rei Atsumi on the keyboard.

Shizuka Kudo
Shizuka Kimura (木村 静香, Kimura Shizuka, born 14 April 1970), known by her maiden name Shizuka Kudo (工藤 静香, Kudō Shizuka), is a Japanese singer, actress and former idol, born in Hamura, Tokyo, Japan. She was a member of Onyanko Club between May 1986 and September 1987 and went on to have a successful solo career with 11 number-one hits.
2007 Bangladesh cartoon controversy
The 2007 Bangladesh cartoon controversy began after an editorial cartoon was published in the 431st edition of Alpin, a featured supplement of the Bangladeshi newspaper Prothom Alo, on 17 September 2007. The cartoon featured a conversation between an elderly man and a boy culminating in the boy making a joke using the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Bangladeshi Muslim organisations, who objected to the cartoon, responded by holding public protests which led to violence and street clashes, even though such demonstrations have been banned by the interim caretaker government. Arifur Rahman, the author of the cartoon, was arrested and detained while the publishers have publicly apologised.

Political cartoon
A political cartoon, also known as an editorial cartoon, is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing the artist's opinion. An artist who writes and draws such images is known as an editorial cartoonist. They typically combine artistic skill, hyperbole and satire in order to either question authority or draw attention to corruption, political violence and other social ills.

Developed in England in the latter part of the 18th century, the political cartoon was pioneered by James Gillray, although his and others in the flourishing English industry were sold as individual prints in print shops.  Founded in 1841, the British periodical Punch appropriated the term cartoon to refer to its political cartoons, which led to the term's widespread use.
Windows Server Essentials
Windows Server Essentials (formerly Small Business Server or SBS) is an integrated server suite from Microsoft for businesses with no more than 25 users or 50 devices. It includes Windows Server, Exchange Server, Windows SharePoint Services, and Microsoft Outlook. Application server technologies are tightly integrated to provide and offer management benefits such as integrated setup, enhanced monitoring, Remote Web Workplace, a unified management console, and remote access.

Starting with Windows Server Essentials 2022, this product is only available through OEM providers. This product offers the same licensing terms and restrictions regarding the number of users/devices and cores; however, it also offers the same features as Windows Server Standard 2022.

Windows Server
Windows Server (formerly Windows NT Server) is a brand name for server-oriented releases of the Windows NT operating system (OS) that have been developed by Microsoft  since 1993. The first release under this brand name is Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, an edition of Windows NT 3.1. With the release of Windows Server 2003, Microsoft started releasing new versions under the name Windows Server. The latest release of Windows NT under the Windows Server brand is Windows Server 2025.

Microsoft's history of developing operating systems for servers goes back to Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server.
Calle Michelena
The Calle Michelena is a street in Pontevedra (Spain) located in the city centre, on the edge of the old town. It is one of the main streets of Pontevedra and one of the most commercial streets of the city.

Ensanche de Pontevedra
The Ensanche of Pontevedra is the neighbourhood that forms the centre of the Spanish city of Pontevedra, made up of several successive extensions to the city outside the old town. The term Ensanche means " widening " in Spanish and refers to the expanding areas of Spanish cities towards the end of the 19th century, when the demographic explosion and the industrial revolution led to the demolition of the old city walls and the construction of new areas outside the old fortified walls.
Rick Hearst
Rick Hearst (born January 4, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for roles on Days of Our Lives as Scott "Scotty" Banning II, Guiding Light as Alan-Michael Spaulding, The Young and the Restless as Matt Clark, The Bold and the Beautiful as Whipple "Whip" Jones III, and General Hospital as Ric Lansing.

Whipple Jones (The Bold and the Beautiful)
Whipple Jones III is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Rick Hearst.

After a brief stint in 2002, it was announced in May 2009 that Hearst was returning, with his first return appearance being July 17, 2009. In 2011, however, the actor was bumped to recurring status, yet hasn't been seen since.

Two of his central storylines in the series revolve around a scheming relationship with Brooke Logan and marriage to her nemesis, Taylor Hayes.
Peter Turkson
Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson (born 11 October 1948) is a Ghanaian Catholic prelate who has been a cardinal since 2003 and has served as chancellor of the Pontifical Academies of Sciences since 2022.

He was president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace from 2009 to 2017 and the inaugural prefect of the Dicastery for the Promotion of Integral Human Development from 2017 to 2021. Turkson was previously Archbishop of Cape Coast from 1992 to 2009, and was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II in 2003. He has been viewed as papabile, a likely candidate for election to the papacy, both during the 2013 papal conclave which elected Pope Francis, as well as the 2025 papal conclave, which elected Pope Leo XIV.

Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development
The Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development (Latin: Dicasterium ad integram humanam progressionem fovendam) is a dicastery of the Roman curia.

The Vatican announced the creation of the dicastery on 31 August 2016 and it became effective 1 January 2017. Cardinal Peter Turkson was named its first prefect. The Prefect is to be assisted by a Secretary and at least one Undersecretary.

On 21 December 2021, members of the dicastery's leadership submitted their resignations in anticipation of the end of their five-year mandate in January. Pope Francis accepted them. On 23 December 2021, Pope Francis named Cardinal Michael Czerny and Sister Alessandra Smerilli Interim Prefect and Secretary, respectively, of the dicastery, beginning 1 January 2022. On 23 April 2022, Francis named the two as the official Prefect and Secretary, giving them a five-year mandate.
Quai des Orfèvres
Quai des Orfèvres (French: [ke dez‿ɔʁfɛvʁ]; "Goldsmiths' Quay"; also known as Jenny Lamour) is a 1947 French police procedural drama film based on the book Légitime défense by Stanislas-Andre Steeman. Directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot the film stars Suzy Delair as Jenny Lamour, Bernard Blier as Maurice Martineau, Louis Jouvet as Inspector Antoine and Simone Renant as Dora.

The film was Clouzot's third directorial effort, and the first after the controversy of Le corbeau. Without having the novel on hand, Clouzot and Jean Ferry based the film on memory and deviated significantly from the original story. The film was released in France and was popular with both audiences and critics. On the film's re-release in the United States in 2002, it continued to receive praise from critics as one of the director's best films.

Stanislas-André Steeman
Stanislas-Andre Steeman (Liège on 23 January 1908 – Menton on 15 December 1970) was a Belgian illustrator and French-language author. His family, originally of Flemish extraction, had long been settled in Liège.

He wrote many mystery novels, some of which were adapted to the screen, such as The Murderer Lives at Number 21 or Mystery in Shanghai. Henri-Georges Clouzot's Quai des Orfèvres is based on his novel Légitime Défense.
English public school football games
Forms of football were played at English public schools, leading to the first written codes of football including the Eton College (1815) and Aldenham school (1825) football rules, and Rugby School's rugby football (1845). The earliest known  match between two schools was Eton College v. Harrow School in 1834. rules of association football were later born when The Football Association began to accept the 1863 Cambridge rules through a meeting of the Football Association in 1863.

Winchester College football
Winchester College football, also known as Winkies, is a code of football played at Winchester College in Hampshire, England. Its rules make it somewhat resemble rugby football but with a round football and little handling of the ball. It was once played in South Africa, but is now restricted to the community directly connected to Winchester College. The game's season is during the spring term from January to March, the second term of the academic year. It developed from an unstructured street game of the 17th century into a standardised sport by the early 19th century. This was first played on the top of St. Catherine's Hill with a line of junior boys down each side to keep the ball from rolling away. The game was moved to the College's playing fields, and the lines of boys were replaced with netting. The main game has teams of 15, but in smaller competitions the teams may be of 10 or 6 players.