hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Berck-Plage - Paris-Plage line
The Berck-Plage - Paris-Plage line (subsequently designated Le Touquet-Paris-Plage) constituted a narrow-gauge local railway that connected two coastal resorts on the Opal Coast of the English Channel in France. This line served the administrative Pas-de-Calais department and was operational from the early 20th century. The route opened in stages between 1909 and 1912 and operated until it ceased in 1929.

Spanning approximately 17 kilometers (11 mi), the line was owned by a company independent of the major railway networks serving Berck-Plage and Le Touquet-Paris-Plage. It faced significant challenges due to irregular seasonal traffic and the inexperience of its operator in railway management. Nevertheless, this railway is illustrative of the communication modes utilized from the late 19th century until World War II, with the specific intention of serving vacation spots on the northern coasts of France.

Voie ferrée d'intérêt local
In France, a voie ferrée d'intérêt local (pronounced [vwa fɛʁe dɛ̃teʁɛ lɔkal]; "Railway of Local Interest"), abbreviated VFIL, is a secondary railway constructed by a local administrative division, serving sparsely populated rural areas. These areas were beyond the economic reach of the networks of the intérêt général, which were concessions of the grandes compagnies ("Big Companies") who ran their lines for profit.
The Frog Queen
The Frog Queen (Hungarian: A békakirályné) is a Hungarian folk tale featuring the marriage between a human maiden and a husband in frog guise, after she makes a vow to marry the amphibian to have access to water.

The tale is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband: a human maiden marries an animal that is a prince in disguise, breaks a taboo and loses him, and she has to seek him out. The story shares motifs with other tales of the region, like Serbian Again, The Snake Bridegroom, and Romanian Trandafiru, The Enchanted Pig and Enchanted Balaur: the heroine must search for her husband under a curse not to bear their child until he touches her again.

Animal as Bridegroom
In folkloristics, "The Animal as Bridegroom" refers to a group of folk and fairy tales about a human woman marrying or being betrothed to an animal. The animal is revealed to be a human prince in disguise or under a curse. Most of these tales are grouped in the international system of Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index under type ATU 425, "The Search for the Lost Husband". Some subtypes exist in the international classification as independent stories, but they sometimes do not adhere to a fixed typing.
Massive open online course
A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to support community interactions among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments. MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education, first introduced in 2008, that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.

Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources.  Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Princess Ariane of the Netherlands
Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Inés, pronounced [ariˈjaːn]; born 10 April 2007) is the third and youngest daughter of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima. Princess Ariane is a member of the Dutch royal house and currently third in the line of succession to the Dutch throne.

Queen Máxima of the Netherlands
Máxima (born Máxima Zorreguieta on 17 May 1971) is Queen of the Netherlands as the wife of King Willem-Alexander.

Argentine by birth, she worked in finance when she met Willem-Alexander, eldest son and heir apparent of Queen Beatrix, in 1999. They married in 2002, and became king and queen on the abdication of her mother-in-law on 30 April 2013. Máxima has promoted social integration of immigrants, LGBTQ rights, and financial inclusion. She and Willem-Alexander have three daughters, Princesses Catharina-Amalia, Alexia, and Ariane, who are first, second, and third, respectively, in the line of succession.
Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans
Philippine Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (18 December 1714 – 21 May 1734) was the daughter of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, and his wife, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon and the House of Orléans, Philippine Élisabeth was a Princesse du Sang. She died of smallpox at the age of 19.

Françoise Marie de Bourbon
Françoise Marie de Bourbon (Légitimée de France; 4 May 1677 – 1 February 1749) was the youngest illegitimate daughter of King Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre, Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart, Marquise de Montespan. At the age of 14, she married her first cousin Philippe d'Orléans, the future regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. Through two of her eight children, she became the ancestress of several of Europe's Roman Catholic monarchs of the 19th and 20th centuries—notably those of Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and France.

Françoise Marie wielded little political influence. In 1718, she participated in the botched Cellamare Conspiracy, during which the conspirators orchestrated to oust her husband as regent in favour of her brother Louis-Auguste, Duke of Maine.
Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts
Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts was a prominent New York City law firm that traced its origins to a law partnership formed there in 1868. It merged with San Francisco–based law firm Pillsbury, Madison & Sutro in 2001. The merged firm subsequently became Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman in 2005.

Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, also known as Pillsbury, is a full-service law firm with a particular focus on the energy, financial services, real estate and technology industries. Based in the world's major financial, technology and energy centers, Pillsbury counsels clients on global business, regulatory and litigation matters.

It has approximately 700 attorneys operating from 20 offices in the U.S., London and Asia. The firm has connections to the two main political parties in the United States.

The law firm's two oldest predecessor firms were founded in New York City in 1868 and in San Francisco in 1874, following the California gold rush. The San Francisco firm helped create a number of new West Coast businesses including Chevron and Pacific Bell (now known as AT&T). In the 2000s, Pillsbury has become an advocate of labor outsourcing as a means of firms cutting costs by offering services to both buyers and providers of outsourcing services.
Manitoba Centennial Centre
Manitoba Centennial Centre is an arts and cultural district that covers a 34-acre area in the east Exchange District of the Point Douglas area in Winnipeg, Manitoba, linking several of Manitoba's important arts and cultural facilities.

It includes the Centennial Concert Hall (and its accompanying underground parkade), the Manitoba Museum, Planetarium and Science Gallery, the Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre (including Tom Hendry Warehouse Theatre and John Hirsch Mainstage), Manitoba Production Centre, Artspace (the Gault building), three nearby surface parking lots, and the building at 11 Lily Street.
Founded as an urban renewal program in 1960, the Centre now sees 930,000 patrons annually at its venues. The Manitoba Centennial Centre Corporation (MBCCC)—a Manitoba Crown corporation established in 2005—manages the centre.

Manitoba Museum
The Manitoba Museum, previously the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature, is a human and natural history museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba, as well as the province's largest, not-for-profit centre for heritage and science education.

Located close to City Hall, the museum was designed in 1965 by Herbert Henry Gatenby Moody of Moody and Moore. Including its Planetarium and Science Gallery exhibit, the museum focuses on collecting, researching, and sharing Manitoba's human and natural heritage, culture, and environment.

The Hudson's Bay Company donated its historic three-centuries-old collection (and supporting funds) to the museum in 1994, becoming the largest corporate donation ever received by the museum.
Associate Teacher Learning and Skills
Associate Teacher Learning and Skills (ATLS) status is a designation awarded to teachers in the Further Education and Post-Compulsory Education & Training sectors by the Education & Training Foundation (ETF) in the United Kingdom. ATLS may be earned en route to Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills (QTLS) status, which is seen as on an equal level to Qualified Teacher Status (QTS).

ATLS is a professional 'status'.

Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills
Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills (QTLS) status is a designation awarded to teachers in the Further Education and Post-Compulsory Education & Training sectors by the Education & Training Foundation (ETF) in the United Kingdom.

Since 1 April 2012, teachers with Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills (QTLS) status have also been recognised as qualified to teach in schools.

Holders of QTLS who are members of the Society for Education & Training (SET) may be appointed to permanent positions as qualified teachers, without any further induction requirements.

QTLS is therefore recognised as equivalent to QTS.
Stóridómur
Stóridómur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈstouːrɪˌtouːmʏr̥], English: The Grand Judgment) was a set of laws passed by the Icelandic parliament, Alþingi, in the summer of 1564, following the adoption of Lutheranism in Iceland.

The instigators of the laws were the two lawspeakers of the Alþingi and the Danish King's representative in Iceland, Páll Stígsson. The King confirmed the laws in the following year.  Iceland had recently adopted Lutheranism, and the laws were enacted to reduce moral licentiousness and sexual lasciviousness in the country.

The laws introduced harsher punishments for various moral crimes, such as incest and having children out of wedlock, and placed the executive power of meting out punishment and collecting fines in the hands of the emissaries of the Danish King.

Icelandic Reformation
The Icelandic Reformation (Icelandic: Siðaskiptin á Íslandi) took place in the middle of the 16th century.  Iceland was at this time a territory ruled by Denmark-Norway, and Lutheran religious reform was imposed on the Icelanders by King Christian III of Denmark.  Resistance to the Icelandic Reformation ended with the execution of Jón Arason, Catholic bishop of Hólar, and his two sons, in 1550.
Chrysler Concorde
The Chrysler Concorde is a full-size car that was produced by Chrysler from 1992 to 2004. It assumed the C-body Chrysler New Yorker Salon's position as the entry-level full-size sedan in the Chrysler brand lineup. One of Chrysler's three original Chrysler LH platform models, it has a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout.

The Concorde was related to the Chrysler/Dodge Intrepid, Eagle Vision, Chrysler 300M, Chrysler LHS, and the eleventh and final generation Chrysler New Yorker.

It was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1993 and 1994.

Chrysler New Yorker
The Chrysler New Yorker is an automobile model produced by Chrysler from 1940 until 1996, serving for several decades as either the brand's flagship model or as a junior sedan to the Chrysler Imperial, the latter during the years in which the Imperial name was used within the Chrysler lineup rather than as a standalone brand.

A trim level named the "New York Special" first appeared in 1938, while the "New Yorker" name debuted in 1939. The New Yorker helped define the Chrysler brand as a maker of upscale models that were priced and equipped to compete against upper-level models from Buick, Oldsmobile, and Mercury.

The New Yorker was Chrysler's most prestigious model throughout most of its run. Over the decades, it was available in several body styles, including sedan, coupe, convertible, and wagon.

Until its discontinuation in 1996, the New Yorker was the longest-running American car nameplate.
Festenummer
A Festenummer or Lease number is part of a unit in the Norwegian property register. The abbreviation is Fnr.

Each municipality is divided into a certain number of Gårdsnummers . Each Gårdsnummer is further divided into Bruksnummers. Under a Bruksnummer, a Festenummer can be established as an independent unit that can be traded and pledged . The festenummer indicates that the property is a rental plot, where an annual rental fee is paid to the owner of the Bruksnummer.

A common way of writing a land registry designation is for example. 17/235/2, where 17 is the Gårdsnummer, 235 is the Bruksnummer and 2 is the Festenummer. Another way of writing is Gnr 17, Bnr. 235, Fnr 2.

Bruksnummer
A Bruksnummer or Property unit number is the number for a bruk which is part of a geographical unit in the Norwegian land registry and serves as part of the Assessor's parcel number. The abbreviation is Bnr.

Each municipality is divided into a certain number of Gårdsnummers. Each Gårdsnummer is further divided into Bruksnummers. When a new property is established, it is assigned a new Bruksnnummer under the same Gårdsnummer. A common way of writing a real estate designation is for example. 17/235, where 17 is the Gårdsnummer and 235 is the bruksnummer. Another way of writing is Gnr 17, Bnr 235.

A bruksnummer can also be assigned a Festenummer and Seksjonsnummer number which can also be traded and pledged.
Fawdon Vokes
Fawdon Vokes (1844 – 1904) was a British music hall, pantomime and burlesque actor and dancer who performed as a member of the Vokes Family of entertainers popular in the 1870s in Great Britain and the USA. For more than ten years they were the central attraction at the annual pantomime at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane from 1868 to 1879 when their popularity began to wane.

He was born as Walter Fawdon in Soho in London and on joining the Vokes Family troupe changed his name to Walter Vokes, being billed as the "foster brother" of Fred, Jessie, Rosina and Victoria Vokes. In the 1871 Census he was living with the Vokes' above the family business at 19 Henrietta Street in Covent Garden in London on which he was listed as "no relation".

Fred Vokes
Frederick Mortimer Vokes (22 January 1846 – 3 June 1888) was a British music hall, pantomime and burlesque dancer and actor of the 19th-century and a member of the Vokes Family troupe of entertainers. For more than ten years they were the central attraction at the annual pantomime at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane from 1868 to 1879 when their popularity began to wane. Because of his eccentric style of dancing he was billed as the "Legmania" dancer.
Vega Alta, Cuba
Vega Alta is a ward (consejo popular) and an urban settlement in Camajuaní, Villa Clara, Cuba. It is in the vicinity of the Sagua la Chica River, and borders the wards of Constancia, Aguada de Moya, Carmita, and Batalla de Santa Clara.

”Vega Alta” translates to “high valley” in English, referring to the tobacco valleys in the region.

Luis Arcos Bergnes, Cuba
Luis Arcos Bergnes also known as Carmita is a small town and a ward (consejo popular) in Camajuani, Villa Clara, Cuba. With a population of 2,279 it is considered a village.

Nearby towns of Carmita are La Luz, Corona, El Cubano, Romano, La Mano, and Vega Alta.
E. James Ladwig
Eldor James "Jim" Ladwig (April 13, 1938 – March 28, 2023) was an American businessman and Republican politician from Racine County, Wisconsin.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for twelve years, representing Wisconsin's 63rd Assembly district from 1979 to 1983, and from 1985 to 1993.  Earlier, he served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors.

His wife, Bonnie Ladwig, succeeded him in the State Assembly.  Their son, Jim, served as Racine County executive.

Bonnie Ladwig
Bonnie Lorraine Ladwig (née Adams; December 11, 1939 – December 22, 2020) was an American Republican politician from Racine County, Wisconsin. She was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for 12 years, representing Wisconsin's 63rd Assembly district from 1993 to 2005. Ladwig was one of several Wisconsin legislative leaders convicted of crimes for using state resources for political purposes in the wide-ranging 2002 "caucus scandal".

Her husband, E. James Ladwig, preceded her in the State Assembly.  Their son, Jim, served as Racine County executive.
Fifth Virginia Convention
The Fifth Virginia Convention was a meeting of the Patriot legislature of Virginia held in Williamsburg from May 6 to July 5, 1776.  This Convention declared Virginia an independent state and produced its first constitution and the Virginia Declaration of Rights.

Virginia Declaration of Rights
The Virginia Declaration of Rights was drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish "inadequate" government.  It influenced a number of later documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the United States Bill of Rights (1789).
Valley Girl (song)
"Valley Girl" is a song by American musician Frank Zappa, released as the sole single from his 35th album Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch (1982), and featuring his then-14-year-old daughter Moon. Though Zappa intended it to mockingly satirize San Fernando Valley teen culture, the song's success inadvertently popularized the "valley girl" stereotype and its associated mannerisms. It peaked at number 32 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. The song was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 25th Annual Grammy Awards.

Valley girl
A Valley girl is the stereotype of a materialistic upper-middle-class young woman, associated with unique vocal and California dialect features, from the Los Angeles commuter communities of the San Fernando Valley. A youth subcultural identity and stock character in American popular media, it originated in and is most associated with the 1980s and 1990s. In subsequent years, the term became more broadly applied to any young American woman who epitomized frivolity, ditziness, airheadedness, or who prioritizes superficial concerns such as personal appearance, physical attractiveness, and conspicuous consumption over intellectual or more meaningful accomplishments.
Sam Trautman
Colonel Samuel Richard Trautman is a fictional character in the Rambo novel and film series, and other media in the franchise. His first appearance was in David Morrell's novel First Blood. His character was expanded on in the film series where he was played by Richard Crenna.

The character has been variously described as a father figure to the main character,: 224  and as a symbol for the military or the American government and its relationship with soldiers. In the original novel of First Blood, Trautman serves as an allegory for "Uncle Sam", i.e., the United States Government which created Rambo to serve their military needs.: 188  In both First Blood and Rambo: First Blood Part II Trautman primarily exists as a background figure engaging in arguments with other figures who are pursuing or using Rambo for their own purposes, while in Rambo III, Trautman becomes a more central figure in the physical action of the film.

John Rambo
John James Rambo is a fictional character in the Rambo franchise. He first appeared in the 1972 novel First Blood by David Morrell, but later became more famous as the protagonist of the film series, in which he was played by Sylvester Stallone. The portrayal of the character earned Stallone widespread acclaim and recognition. The character was nominated for American Film Institute's list 100 Years…100 Heroes and Villains. Following the success of the first movie, the term "Rambo" was occasionally used in media circles to describe a lone wolf who is reckless, uses violence to solve all problems, enters dangerous situations alone, and is exceptionally tough, callous, raw and aggressive.
Mazda Biante
The Mazda Biante (Japanese: マツダ・ビアンテ, Hepburn: Matsuda Biante) is an 8-seater minivan introduced for the Japanese market in 2008 by Mazda, replacing the Bongo Friendee. The car fits between the Premacy and MPV in Mazda's range. The Biante is primarily aimed at younger families with small children.

The name ‘Biante’ was coined from the English word, ‘ambient,’ to create the impression of a unified interior space that contributes to a comfortable in-car experience.

Mazda Premacy
The Mazda Premacy (Japanese: マツダ・プレマシー, Hepburn: Matsuda Puremashī) is a passenger minivan that was built by the Japanese manufacturer Mazda from 1999 to 2018.

The first generation Premacy was built in Japan and exported to Europe and Asia. A rebadged version was sold by Ford in a few Asian markets (including Japan) as the Ford Ixion or Ixion MAV.

The second generation onward was sold outside Japan as the Mazda5. Ford Lio Ho in Taiwan, which assembles Mazda5 for the local market, adapted a re-badged version as the Ford i-Max from 2007 until 2011.

The first generation Premacy was a two- or three-row, five- or seven-passenger vehicle, while the second generation adds a third row of seats for up to six passengers in North American form, and seven passengers outside the United States. Both generations feature near-flat floors, folding or removable second row, and fold-flat rear seats.