hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martha S. Pope
Martha S. Pope is an American public servant who participated in peace initiatives in Northern Ireland that led to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. She also served as the sergeant at arms of the United States Senate from 1991 to 1994, the first woman to hold the role. She briefly served as Secretary of the United States Senate for a few months in 1994 before she was asked to assist in the Northern Ireland peace process. Pope is the only person in the history of the U.S. Senate to hold both the important Secretary and Sergeant at Arms positions. She was also Chief of Staff to Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell. She is also a pastel artist.

Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate
The sergeant at arms and doorkeeper of the United States Senate (originally known as the doorkeeper of the Senate from April 7, 1789 – 1798) is the protocol officer, executive officer, and highest-ranking federal law enforcement officer of the Senate of the United States. The office of the sergeant at arms of the Senate currently has just short of 1,000 full time staff.
Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
The Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868 or in full Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight is an international treaty agreed in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, November 29 / December 11, 1868. It succeeded the First Geneva Convention of 1864. It was a predecessor of the well-known Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.

It was signed by the members of the International Military Commission convened for this purpose in the presence of the Imperial Cabinet of Russia.

Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands. Along with the Geneva Conventions, the Hague Conventions were among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the body of secular international law. A third conference was planned for 1914 and later rescheduled for 1915, but it did not take place because of the start of World War I. Article 22 states that, "the right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.”
Oak Island, North Carolina
Oak Island is a seaside town located in the southeastern corner of North Carolina, United States. Part of Brunswick County, the major portion of the town is on Oak Island which it shares with Caswell Beach. Founded in 1999 as the result of the consolidation of two existing towns, Oak Island's main industry is tourism. Per the 2020 census, the town has a permanent population of 8,396 while its summer population is near 50,000. It along with the town of Caswell Beach is part of the Wilmington, NC, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Caswell Beach, North Carolina
Caswell Beach is a small seaside town located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Cape Fear River in Southeastern North Carolina, United States.  Occupying the eastern part of Oak Island in Brunswick County, its population was listed at 395 in the 2020 census. Prominent features include the Civil War era Fort Caswell, the Oak Island Lighthouse co-located with the Oak Island Coast Guard Station, and the Oak Island Golf Club, the sole business in town and one of the few eighteen-hole courses located on a North Carolina barrier island.  Along with the Town of Oak Island which occupies the central and west parts of the island, Caswell Beach is part of the Wilmington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jorge Luis Córdova
Jorge Luis Córdova Díaz (April 20, 1907 – September 16, 1994) served as Puerto Rico's 11th Resident Commissioner from 1969 to 1973. His father, Félix Córdova Dávila, had served as Puerto Rico's fourth Resident Commissioner from 1917 to 1932.

Félix Córdova Dávila
Félix Lope María Córdova Dávila (November 20, 1878 – December 3, 1938) was a political leader and judge from Puerto Rico who served as Puerto Rico's fourth Resident Commissioner in Congress and later as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.
James Dean Bradfield
James Dean Bradfield (born 21 February 1969) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He is known for being the lead vocalist and guitarist for the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. His cousin Sean Moore is also a member.

Sean Moore (musician)
Sean Anthony Moore (born 30 July 1968) is a Welsh musician and songwriter. He is best known for being the drummer and occasional trumpet-player of the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. He is cousin to bandmate James Dean Bradfield.
St. Mary's Indian Residential School
St. Mary's Indian Residential School was the name of two Indian residential schools in Mission, British Columbia. The first was operated by the Roman Catholic Church of Canada, and the second was operated by the Canadian federal government. Approximately 2,000 children attended the schools while they were in operation, most of them Stó:lō.

Mission, British Columbia
Mission is a city in the Lower Mainland of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was originally incorporated as a district municipality in 1892, growing to include additional villages and rural areas over the years, adding the original Town of Mission City, along an independent core of the region, in 1969. It is bordered by the city of Abbotsford to the south and the city of Maple Ridge to the west. To the east are the unincorporated areas of Hatzic and Dewdney.

It is situated on the north bank of the Fraser River, backing onto mountains and lakes overlooking the Central Fraser Valley 65 km (40 miles) southeast of Vancouver.
X-ray detector
X-ray detectors are devices used to measure the flux, spatial distribution, spectrum, and/or other properties of X-rays.

Detectors can be divided into two major categories: imaging detectors (such as photographic plates and X-ray film (photographic film), now mostly replaced by various digitizing devices like image plates or flat panel detectors) and dose measurement devices (such as ionization chambers, Geiger counters, and dosimeters used to measure the local radiation exposure, dose, and/or dose rate, for example, for verifying that radiation protection equipment and procedures are effective on an ongoing basis).

Flat-panel detector
Flat-panel detectors are a class of solid-state x-ray digital radiography devices similar in principle to the image sensors used in digital photography and video. They are used in both projectional radiography and as an alternative to x-ray image intensifiers (IIs) in fluoroscopy equipment.
Gray Maynard
Bradley Gray Maynard (born May 9, 1979) is an American mixed martial artist who competed in the Lightweight and Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Between 2008 and 2011, he competed in a noted rivalry with former UFC Lightweight Champion Frankie Edgar. Maynard competed in college wrestling at Michigan State University, and made his UFC debut in 2007.

Frankie Edgar
Frank Edgar (born October 16, 1981) is an American former professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Lightweight, Featherweight, and Bantamweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), concluding his career as a Bantamweight. He is a former Lightweight Champion, and a multiple-time challenger for the UFC Featherweight Championship. Edgar also competed in Reality Fighting, where he held the Lightweight Championship. He wrestled collegiately for the Clarion University of Pennsylvania, where he was a four-time NCAA Division I National qualifier.
Calicut kingdom
The kingdom of Kozhikode ([koːɻikːoːɖ] ⓘ), also known as Calicut, was the kingdom of the Zamorin of Calicut, in the present-day Indian state of Kerala. Present-day Kozhikode is the second largest city in Kerala, as well as the headquarters of Kozhikode district.

Kozhikode was dubbed the "city of spices" for its role as the major trading point of eastern spices during the Middle Ages and probably as early as Classical antiquity. The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur, Kollam, and Kochi, were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather. It was once the capital of an independent kingdom by the same name and later of the erstwhile Malabar District. The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South Indian coast for the Persians, the Arabs, the Chinese, and finally the Europeans.

Zamorin
The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: sāmūtiri, sāmūri, [saːmuː(d̪i)ɾi,], Arabic: sāmuri, Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to the forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam (Koyilandy). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala, and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad. The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirakkal in Kannur.
Oleg Boltin
Oleg Igorevich Boltin (born February 10, 1993) is a Kazakh professional wrestler and former freestyle wrestler. He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) where he performs under the ring name Boltin Oleg (ボルチン・オレッグ, Boruchin Oreggu) and is the current Strong Openweight Champion in his first reign while also being a former one-time NEVER Openweight Champion. He is one-third of the current NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champions with Bishamon (Hirooki Goto and Yoshi-Hashi). As a freestyle wrestler, he was the gold medalist of the 125 kg (275 lb) division at the 2021 Asian Wrestling Championships.

Yoshi-Hashi
Nobuo Yoshihashi (吉橋 伸雄, Yoshihashi Nobuo; born May 25, 1982) is a Japanese professional wrestler, signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he performs under the ring name Yoshi-Hashi (stylized in all caps as YOSHI-HASHI), and is a former four-time IWGP Tag Team Champion, with Hirooki Goto; as well as being a former NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champion with Hirooki Goto and Tomohiro Ishii, a team which holds the record for the longest reign with the titles.
Brian Fernandez (politician)
Brian Fernandez is an American politician serving as a member of the Arizona Senate for the 23rd legislative district. He previously served in the Arizona House of Representatives for the 4th legislative district beginning in 2021, after being appointed to the seat vacated by his mother, Charlene Fernandez, who resigned to become Director of Rural Development for the United States Department of Agriculture. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Charlene Fernandez
Charlene Fernandez (née Ramos; born February 24, 1955) is an American politician who is the Leader of the Arizona Democratic Party. She formerly served as the Democratic leader of the Arizona House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021. She was first elected to the state House in 2014 and represents Southwestern Arizona, specifically, the majority of Yuma County, western Pima County, southwestern Maricopa County and southwestern Pinal County. She resigned on November 15, 2021 to take a position at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Her son Brian Fernandez was appointed by the Yuma County, Arizona Board of Supervisors to succeed her in the Arizona House of Representatives.
Hughes 36
The Hughes 36 is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by William H. Tripp Jr. and first built in 1971.

The Hughes 36 is a development of the Columbia 34 Mark II hull design, being built using tooling and moulds acquired from Columbia Yachts. It is related to the Coronado 35 design. The design was developed into the Hughes-Columbia 36 in 1979.

Coronado 35
The Coronado 35 is an American sailboat that was designed by William H. Tripp Jr. as a cruiser and first built in 1971.

The Coronado 35 design was developed into the Portman 36 in 1978 and later into the Watkins 36 and the Watkins 36C.
North Newton, Kansas
North Newton is a city in Harvey County, Kansas, United States.   As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,814.  It is located between the north side of the city of Newton (separate entity) and the south side of Interstate I-135.  North Newton is home of Bethel College.

Harvey County, Kansas
Harvey County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Newton.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 34,024.  The county was named for James Harvey, a U.S. senator and the fifth governor of Kansas.
Interstate 185 (South Carolina)
Interstate 185 (I-185) is a 17.7-mile (28.5 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway located entirely in Greenville County, South Carolina. I-185 serves as a spur route of I-85 into the city of Greenville as well as a shortcut route for drivers accessing I-385 from northbound I-85. A portion of this road is tolled and is known as the "Southern Connector". Together with a portion of I-385, it forms a partial beltway through Greenville's southern suburbs.

Interstate 85 in South Carolina
Interstate 85 (I-85) in the U.S. state of South Carolina runs northeast–southwest through Upstate South Carolina. Connecting regionally with Atlanta, Georgia, and Charlotte, North Carolina, it became the first Interstate Highway in South Carolina to have its originally planned mileage completed.
Clairvoyance
Clairvoyance (/klɛərˈvɔɪ.əns/; from French  clair 'clear' and  voyance 'vision') is the claimed ability to acquire information that would be considered impossible to get through scientifically proven sensations, thus classified as extrasensory perception, or "sixth sense". Any person who is claimed to have such ability is said to be a clairvoyant (/klɛərˈvɔɪ.ənt/) ('one who sees clearly').

Claims for the existence of paranormal and psychic abilities such as clairvoyance have not been supported by scientific evidence. Parapsychology explores this possibility, but the existence of the paranormal is not accepted by the scientific community. The scientific community widely considers parapsychology, including the study of clairvoyance, a pseudoscience.

Extrasensory perception
Extrasensory perception (ESP), also known as a sixth sense, or cryptaesthesia, is a claimed paranormal ability pertaining to reception of information not gained through the recognized physical senses, but sensed with the mind. The term was adopted by Duke University botanist J. B. Rhine to denote psychic abilities such as telepathy, psychometry, clairvoyance and their trans-temporal operation as precognition or retrocognition.

Second sight is an alleged form of extrasensory perception, whereby a person perceives information, in the form of a vision, about future events before they happen (precognition), or about things or events at remote locations (remote viewing). There is no evidence that second sight exists. Reports of second sight are known only from anecdotes. Second sight and ESP are classified as pseudosciences.
Phi Epsilon Pi
Phi Epsilon Pi (ΦΕΠ) fraternity, active between 1904 and 1970 and now dormant, with a predominantly Jewish membership, was founded in New York City and eventually opened at least 48 chapters on college campuses across the United States and one in Canada. After several mergers, it consolidated into Zeta Beta Tau in November 1970.

Zeta Beta Tau
Zeta Beta Tau (ΖΒΤ) is a Greek-letter social fraternity based in North America. It was founded in 1898 at City College of New York. Originally a Zionist youth society, its purpose changed in 1954 when the fraternity became non-sectarian and open to non-Jewish members. It is recognized as the first Jewish fraternity.
Zecicindela feredayi
Zecicindela feredayi, also known as Fereday's tiger beetle, is a species of tiger beetle endemic to New Zealand. It was first described by Henry Walter Bates in 1867 and its taxonomy was most recently revised in 2013. The species has been suggested to be roughly 5.75 million years old. It can be distinguished from other species in the Zecicindela genus by its uniform dark legs and by the elytra colour pattern. It is widespread throughout most of the country and can primarily be found on sand near rivers. They occur as adults from November to April. Like other tiger beetles, they are predators.

Zecicindela
Zecicindela is a genus of tiger beetles endemic to New Zealand. It is in the Cicindelini tribe, along with another New Zealand genus, Neocicindela. It is similar to Neocicindela, but can be separated by the shape of the labrum and the presence of hairs on the clypeus, frons, genae and pronotum. Zecicindela live on riverbanks and the seashore, while Neocicindela may live away from water.
Hermann Bondi
Sir Hermann Bondi KCB FRS (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Austrian-British mathematician and cosmologist.

He is best known for developing the steady state model of the universe with Fred Hoyle and Thomas Gold as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. He contributed to the theory of general relativity, and was the first to analyze the inertial and gravitational interaction of negative mass and the first to explicate correctly the nature of gravitational waves.  In his 1990 autobiography, Bondi regarded the 1962 work on gravitational waves as his "best scientific work".: 79

Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer. With Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge and William Alfred Fowler, he formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis in the influential B2FH paper.

He held controversial views on some scientific matters — in particular, in his rejection of the "Big Bang" theory (a term he jokingly coined on BBC Radio, though he later denied doing so in derision) in favour of a "steady-state model", and his promotion of panspermia as the origin of life on Earth.

He spent most of his working life at St John's College, Cambridge, and served as the founding director of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy at Cambridge.

Hoyle also wrote science fiction novels, short stories, and radio plays, co-created television serials, and co-authored twelve books with his son, Geoffrey Hoyle.
Bath v Alston Holdings Pty Ltd
Bath v Alston Holdings Pty Ltd, is a High Court of Australia case that discusses the application of the freedom of interstate trade, as specified in Section 92 of the Constitution of Australia. This case followed the unanimous decision of Cole v Whitfield, regarding the interpretation of section 92 as about free trade as opposed to individual rights.

Cole v Whitfield
Cole v Whitfield, is a decision of the High Court of Australia. At issue was the interpretation of section 92 of the Australian Constitution, a provision which relevantly states:

... trade, commerce, and intercourse among the States, whether by means of internal carriage or ocean navigation, shall be absolutely free.

The court decided that s.92 prohibits burdens upon interstate trade, commerce, and intercourse of a 'protectionist kind'. The previously applied Individual Right interpretation of the section was abandoned in a unanimous joint judgement. Prior to Cole v Whitfield, s.92 was the most litigated section in the Constitution, bringing over 140 cases before the courts. This was partially the consequence of inconsistent and confusing jurisprudence under the previous interpretive approach, as was acknowledged by the joint judgement. The case largely settled s.92 jurisprudence, with the section only being infrequently the subject of litigation since.
Isova
Isova is the site of a ruined Frankish monastery near the modern village of Trypiti (formerly Bitzibardi) in the western Peloponnese, Greece. The church of Notre Dame at Isova, built in the first half of the 13th century, is among the best surviving examples of Gothic architecture in the Peloponnese, along with the church of Saint Sophia at Andravida and the monastery of Zaraka at Stymphalia.

Zaraka Monastery
Zaraka Monastery is a ruined Frankish abbey near Stymfalia, in the Peloponnese, in Greece. It was built about a kilometre from the shores of Lake Stymphalia, the site of the ancient city of Stymphalus, during the "Frankokratia", i.e. the occupation of parts of the Byzantine Empire by Franks and Venetians, following the events of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, and the establishment of the Latin Empire of Constantinople and Greece.
M25 (tram)
The M25 was a class of 125 four-axle trams built for use on the Gothenburg Tramway in Sweden between 1958 and 1962. The class was used in passenger service in Gothenburg until 1994, undergoing major rebuild to accommodate Sweden's switch from driving on the left-hand side of the road to the right in 1967. After they were withdrawn from service in Gothenburg, 36 members of the class were sold for use on the Oslo Tramway in Norway, where they ran from 1991 until 2002. In Oslo the trams were known as class SM91, and were numbered 264 to 299.

The M25 was one of three similar classes, along with the M28 and M29 classes. All three classes were of similar exterior design, and any combination of them could be operated together in multiple unit with any vehicle leading.

M29 (tram)
The M29 is a class of 60 four-axle trams built for use on the Gothenburg Tramway in Sweden between 1969 and 1972. The class is still in passenger service in its home city and carries fleet numbers 801–860, although some members have been withdrawn.

The M29 was one of three similar classes, along with the M25 and M28 classes. All three classes were of similar exterior design, and any combination of them could be operated together in multiple unit with any vehicle leading.
Kuroda Mototaka
Kuroda Mototaka (黒田職隆, September 15, 1524 – August 22, 1585) also known as Kuroda Souen, was a samurai during the sengoku period He was the father of Kuroda Kanbei.  Shigetaka served as a senior retainer of Kodera Masamoto, the lord of Himeji.

Kuroda Yoshitaka
Kuroda Yoshitaka (黒田 孝高; December 22, 1546 – 
March 20, 1604), also known as Kuroda Kanbei (黒田 官兵衛; or Kuroda Kambē), was a Japanese samurai and daimyō of the late Sengoku through the early Edo period. Renowned as a man of great ambition, he succeeded Takenaka Hanbei as a chief strategist and adviser to Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Kuroda became a Christian when he was 38, and received "Simeon Josui" as a baptismal name (rekishijin). His quick wit, bravery, and loyalty were respected by his warriors.
Floating cable-stayed bridge
A floating cable-stayed bridge is a type of cable-stayed bridge where the towers float on tension-leg submerged material, tethered to the seabed for buoyancy. No floating cable-stayed bridge has been made or planned as of 2025, but a floating suspension bridge was planned in Norway before being turned into a floating pontoon bridge and conventional cable-stayed bridge. A floating cable-stayed bridge could be more stable horizontally across the bridge deck than floating suspension bridges. The lateral forces from the wind and water pose a problem, which could be solved by placing tethered cables at different angles from the floating platform to the seabed.

Floating suspension bridge
A floating suspension bridge is a type of suspension bridge supported by towers built on floating pontoons which are tethered to the seabed. The design is intended to overcome the difficulties of building suspension towers in locations where the water is particularly deep. As of 2025 no such bridges have been built, but planning was done to build one in Norway, at Bjørnafjord, designed by engineer Ian Firth. The bridge was later turned into a floating pontoon bridge with a conventional cable-stayed bridge secured to bedrock.