hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Fearn
Thomas Fearn (November 15, 1789 – January 16, 1863) was an American physician, businessman, and politician who played a significant role in the early development of Huntsville, Alabama. He served as a Deputy from Alabama to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States in 1861.

Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
The Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, fully the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America, was a unicameral congress of deputies and delegates called together from the Southern States which became the governing body of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States from February 4, 1861, to February 17, 1862. It sat in Montgomery, Alabama, until May 21, 1861, when it adjourned to meet in Richmond, Virginia, on July 20, 1861. In both cities, it met in the existing state capitols which it shared with the respective secessionist state legislatures. It added new members as other separatist states seceded from the Union and directed the election on November 6, 1861, at which a permanent government was elected.
Afroz Shah
Afroz Shah is an Indian environmental activist and lawyer from Mumbai. He is best known for organizing the world's largest beach clean-up. In 2016, Shah was awarded the United Nations Champion of the Earth title for singlehandedly initiating & leading the clean-up of Mumbai's Versova Beach.

Shah partnered with the Dawoodi Bohra's Turning the Tide campaign to remove plastic from the Mithi river and Dana Pani beach in Mumbai. Inspired by Afroz Shah's effort to clean beaches in Mumbai, the United Nations Environment Program launched the Clean Seas campaign globally. In 2019, Shah was listed as one of CNN's Top 10 Heroes of the Year.

CNN Heroes
CNN Heroes: An All-Star Tribute is a television special created by CNN to honor individuals who make extraordinary contributions to humanitarian aid and make a difference in their communities. The program was started in 2007. Since 2016, the program was hosted by Anderson Cooper and Kelly Ripa. Honorees are introduced during the fall of each year and the audience is encouraged to vote online for the CNN Hero of the Year.  Ten recipients are honored and each receive US$10,000. The top recipient is chosen as the CNN Hero of the Year and receives an additional US$100,000 to continue their work. During the broadcast celebrating their achievements, the honorees are introduced by celebrities who actively support their charity work. To celebrate the 10th anniversary, the 2016 edition had an additional segment where five previous Hero of the Year winners were chosen as candidates for the Superhero of the Year award, which was decided with an online poll.
Newton Corner station
Newton Corner is an MBTA bus transfer point in the Newton Corner neighborhood of Newton, Massachusetts, located on the rotary where Washington Street crosses the Massachusetts Turnpike. The Newton Corner station, known simply as Newton for much of its lifetime, served commuters on the Worcester Line (run by the New York Central Railroad and its predecessors) from 1834 to 1959. A streetcar stop, located on the surface streets, served a number of routes beginning in 1863, including the Green Line A branch until 1969. Newton Corner is now a stop and transfer point for MBTA routes 52, 57, 501, 504, 553, 554, 556, and 558, which include express routes to downtown Boston as well as local routes, with stops on the north and south sides of the rotary.

Green Line A branch
The A branch or Watertown Line was a streetcar line in the Boston, Massachusetts, area, operating as a branch of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Green Line. The line ran from Watertown through Newton Corner, Brighton, and Allston to Kenmore Square, then used the Boylston Street subway and Tremont Street subway to reach Park Street station.

Portions of the route were built as horsecar lines between 1858 and 1880. The segment between Union Square and Oak Square was electrified in 1889 as part of the Beacon Street line. By 1896, electric routes ran from Newton Corner (Nonantum Square) to downtown Boston via Brighton and via Watertown. Brighton service was extended to Watertown in 1912. The line was operated until 1969, when it was replaced by MBTA bus route 57, though it remained in service for non-revenue moves to Watertown Yard until 1994.
Obock
Obock (also Obok, Arabic: أبخ, Hayyú) is a small port town in Djibouti. It is located on the Northern shore of the Gulf of Tadjoura, where it opens out into the Gulf of Aden.  The town is home to an airstrip and has ferries to Djibouti City. The French form Obock derives from Arabic "Oboh", which is a deformation of Oboki, a name given to a local wadi.

Gulf of Tadjoura
The Gulf of Tadjoura (Somali: Gacanka Tajuura; Arabic: خليج تجرة) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean in the Horn of Africa. It lies south of the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, or the entrance to the Red Sea, at 11°42′N 43°00′E﻿ / ﻿11.7°N 43.0°E﻿ / 11.7; 43.0. The gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive coral reefs, and abundant pearl oysters. Most of its coastline is the territory of Djibouti, except for a short stretch on the southern shore, which is part of the territory of Somaliland.

The Gulf’s other marine habitats include sea grass beds, salt pans and mangroves.
Dejan Ferdinansyah
Dejan Ferdinansyah (born 21 January 2000) is an Indonesian badminton player who is affiliated with the Djarum club. He gained public attention during his partnership with veteran player Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja in 2022-2024, which earned him a spot in the Indonesian national mixed doubles squad.

Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja
Gloria Emanuelle Widjaja (born 28 December 1993) is an Indonesian badminton player affiliated with PB Djarum since 2007. She was the 2011 Indonesia National and World Junior Champions in the mixed doubles event. For her achievements, Widjaja was awarded as the best Djarum player of the year. She won her first senior international title in 2014 Macau Open Grand Prix Gold.
Hercule Mériadec, Duke of Rohan-Rohan
Hercule Mériadec de Rohan (8 May 1669 – 26 January 1749), styled Duke of Rohan-Rohan (from 1717), was a member of the princely House of Rohan. He married twice and was the grandfather of the Maréchal de Soubise. His first wife was the daughter of Madame de Ventadour. He is known in contemporary texts as the prince de Rohan.

Madame de Ventadour
Charlotte de La Motte Houdancourt, Duchess of Ventadour (Charlotte Eléonore Madeleine; 1654–1744) was a French office holder of the French Royal Court. She was the governess of King Louis XV, great-grandson of King Louis XIV. She is credited with saving Louis XV from the ministrations of the royal doctors when he was ill as a child. She was the Gouvernante des enfants royaux, Governess of the Children of France like her mother, granddaughter, granddaughter in law and great grand daughter.
Guy Christensen
Guy Christensen (born 2005 or 2006) is an American pro-Palestinian activist, best known for his political commentary on TikTok. After making controversial remarks about the 2025 Capital Jewish Museum shooting, he was expelled from Ohio State University, which was subject to a legal case in which the university was found to have likely violated his constitutional rights.

2025 Capital Jewish Museum shooting
On May 21, 2025, a shooting occurred near the Capital Jewish Museum in Washington, D.C. A gunman opened fire outside the museum during a "Young Diplomats Reception" hosted by the American Jewish Committee, killing two Embassy of Israel staff members who were leaving the event. The victims, a young couple: Yaron Lischinsky, a German-Israeli, and Sarah Milgrim, an American Jew, had attended the event aimed at fostering unity among Jewish young professionals and the diplomatic community.

The suspect, Elias Rodriguez, a 30-year-old man from Chicago, was apprehended by event security staff and reportedly pulled out a keffiyeh, said "I did it. I did it for Gaza" and chanted "Free, free Palestine!" while in custody. Authorities condemned the attack and the FBI and local police launched a joint investigation. The museum had recently raised security concerns amid a broader climate of rising antisemitism affecting Jewish institutions in the United States.
Unión Temuco
Club Deportivo Unión Temuco was a Chilean professional football club based in Temuco, La Araucanía Region. The club played at the Primera B, the second tier of the Chilean football, until 2013 when it was folded. The club was established in January 2008 by former football star Marcelo Salas, who was born in Temuco. In 2009, the club joined to the Third Division tournament, and years later this tournament was won by Temuco, being the first official title of the club.

Their home games were played at the Estadio Municipal Germán Becker. Unión Temuco's main rivalry was with neighbours Deportes Temuco, against whom they contested the Araucanía derby. The main supporters of the club were the fans of Universidad de Chile living in Temuco, because Marcelo Salas (a former symbol of 'La U') owned the team.

Deportes Temuco
Club de Deportes Temuco is a Chilean football club based in Temuco, Araucanía Region. It currently plays in the Chilean Primera División B, holding home games at the new Estadio Municipal Germán Becker.

The club was founded on February 22, 1960, as Deportes Temuco and again on March 20, 1965, after a merger with Green Cross. Until 1984, the club was known as Green Cross – Temuco, and, in 2007, changed its name to Deportivo Temuco, only on that season.

In 2013, the club merged with Unión Temuco, but the name of Deportes Temuco was kept, along with the logo and traditional white and green colors, making it seem as Deportes Temuco absorbing Unión rather than a fusion. Thanks to the fusion though, Deportes Temuco left the Segunda División and returned to Primera B for season 2013–14, using Unión Temuco's place in that league.
Electrische Museumtramlijn Amsterdam
Amsterdam tram line 30 (Tramlijn 30) is a museum tram line in Amsterdam serving the following stations: Haarlemmermeer Station– Jollenpad – Kalfjeslaan– Amstelveen Station – Bovenkerk Station.

The Electric Tramway Museum Amsterdam (Electrische Museumtramlijn Amsterdam, EMA) is a local railway, which operates historic electric trams between the Haarlemmermeer station, Amstelveen and Bovenkerk. This is the last remaining part of the former Haarlemmermeer railway lines. The Haarlemmermeer station is a national monument. From 26 May 2020, the local railway line on the municipal monument list of Amstelveen, the Amstelveen Station and the houses along the line were already on the Amstelveen monument list.

Amstelveen station
Amstelveen station is a former railway station at Stationsstraat 28 in Amstelveen.

The station, of the Standard HESM type, was located on the Amsterdam–Aalsmeer line, and was opened on 1 May 1915. On 3 September 1950 the station was closed to passenger transport. It was still used for freight transport until 27 May 1972.

Since 3 April 1983 the Electrische Museumtramlijn Amsterdam has a stop here. Until 25 April 1997, this was also the terminus of the museum tram. On the north side, at the viaduct on Rijksweg 9, a changeover has been built.

The station building has remained and has been a municipal monument since 1998. The building underwent a refurbishment in 2010 and is used as a shop and living space.
Amstelveen Station is known in Sweden from children's books as the Monsterstation, as described by the writer Johan Elfner, who also runs a hotel at this location.

Service to Amstelveen and all other stations south of Parklaan is currently suspended.
Faisal Mumtaz Rathore
Raja Faisal Mumtaz Rathore (born 11 April 1978) is an Azad Kashmiri politician serving as the 16th Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir since 17 November 2025. He is a senior member of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and has previously held several ministerial positions in the AJK government.

Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir
The prime minister of Azad Kashmir (Urdu: وزِیرِ اعظم آزاد کشمیر, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam lit. 'Grand Vizier', Urdu pronunciation: [ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm]) is the chief executive of Azad Jammu and Kashmir region of Pakistan. The title of Prime Minister symbolizes the nominal independence of Azad Kashmir. The prime minister heads the Council of Ministers, who are appointed from amongst the members of the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly. The premier too is elected by the AJK Legislative Assembly which is directly elected by the people.

The current prime minister is Faisal Mumtaz Rathore, a member of the Pakistan People's Party who took office on 17 November 2025 following the ousting of Chaudhry Anwarul Haq through a motion of no confidence.
Duck tour
Duck tours (or, more formally, amphibious tours), are tours that take place on purpose-built amphibious tour buses and (modified) surplus amphibious military vehicles, like DUKWs ("Ducks") and LARC-Vs. They are often offered as tourist attractions in harbor, seaman and lake cities.

LARC-V
LARC-V (Lighter, Amphibious Resupply, Cargo, 5 (V) ton), is an aluminium-hulled amphibious cargo vehicle capable of transporting 5 tons. It was developed in the United States during the 1950s, and is used in a variety of auxiliary roles to this day.

In addition to the United States, LARC-Vs have been used by military forces in Australia, Argentina, Portugal, the Philippines, Singapore and Iceland. Approximately 968 were made. About 500 were destroyed, most by scuttling during the American withdrawal from South Vietnam. About 200 have been retained in U.S. military service. Roughly 100 are privately owned and mostly used for tourism.
Remedies Against the Hundred (England) Act 1827
The Larceny Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 29) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated enactments relating to remedies against the hundred in England and Wales.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes. The enactments replaced by the act were repealed by the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 27).

Criminal Law Act 1827
The Criminal Law Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 28) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, applicable only to England and Wales. The act abolished many obsolete procedural devices in English criminal law, particularly the benefit of clergy.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes. The enactments replaced by the act were repealed by the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 27).

Similar provisions were made for Ireland by the Criminal Law (Ireland) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 54) and for India by the Criminal Law (India) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 74).
Lunar rover
A lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon. The Apollo program's Lunar Roving Vehicle was driven on the Moon by members of three American crews, Apollo 15, 16, and 17. Other rovers have been partially or fully autonomous robots, such as the Soviet Union's Lunokhods, Chinese Yutus, Indian Pragyan, and Japan's LEVs. Five countries have had operating rovers on the Moon: the Soviet Union, the United States, China, India, and Japan.

Rover (space exploration)
A rover (or sometimes planetary rover) is a planetary surface exploration machine designed to move over the rough surface of a planet or other planetary-mass celestial bodies. Some rovers have been designed as land vehicles to transport members of a human spaceflight crew; others have been partially or fully autonomous robots.

Rovers typically land on a planet other than Earth or a moon via a lander-style spacecraft, tasked to move around and collect information about the terrain, and to take crust samples such as dust, soil, rocks and even liquids. They are essential astrogeology tools for space exploration.
Robert Peverell Hichens
Lieutenant-Commander Robert Peverell Hichens, DSO & Bar, DSC & Two Bars (2 March 1909 – 13 April 1943) was the most highly decorated officer of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), being awarded two Distinguished Service Orders, three Distinguished Service Crosses and three Mentions in Despatches. He was also recommended for a Victoria Cross after being killed in action in April 1943.

Before the Second World War, Hichens was a keen sportsman who rowed for Magdalen College, Oxford, and competed in the Double sculls at the Henley Regatta. He also competed in International Fourteen sailing events and three times participated in the Fastnet race. On land he raced in hill climbing events in Somerset and also entered the 24 Hours of Le Mans race three times. During the Second World War, he rose in rank to become a lieutenant commander and commanded the 6th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla and later the 8th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Pierre Womé
Pierre Nlend Womé (born 26 March 1979) is a Cameroonian former professional footballer who played as a left-back. A journeyman, he played for 14 clubs in six countries. At international level, he made 68 FIFA-official appearances scoring 1 goal for the Cameroon national team.

Cameroon national football team
The Cameroon national football team (French: Équipe du Cameroun de football), also known as the Indomitable Lions (French: les lions indomptables), represents Cameroon in men's international football. It is controlled by the Fédération Camerounaise de Football, a member of FIFA and its African confederation CAF.

The team has qualified for the FIFA World Cup eight times, more than any other African team, and four times in a row between 1990 and 2002. However, the team has only made it out of the group stage once. They were the first African team to reach the quarter-final of the World Cup in 1990, losing to England in extra time. They have also won five Africa Cup of Nations.

Cameroon is the first and, as of 2022, only African country to win against Brazil in tournament play, defeating them in the 2003 Confederations Cup and 2022 FIFA World Cup by identical 1–0 scores.
Love Everybody
Love Everybody is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Presidents of the United States of America. It was released on August 17, 2004, on the band's own label, PUSA Inc. It was the group's final album with Dave Dederer. The band returned to their standard musical style on this album.

When the album was released in the UK, in 2005, it contained four bonus tracks. They included live versions of songs from their debut album, The Presidents of the United States of America, the previously unreleased song "Useless Crushes", and a cover of the Sex Pistols' "Problems".

The Presidents of the United States of America (band)
The Presidents of the United States of America (occasionally referred to as PUSA, PotUSA, the Presidents of the USA, or simply the Presidents) were an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1993. The three-piece group's initial lineup consisted of vocalist and bassist Chris Ballew, drummer Jason Finn, and guitarist Dave Dederer. The band became popular in the mid-1990s for their hits "Lump" and "Peaches"—released in 1995 and 1996, respectively—which helped their self-titled debut album go triple Platinum.

The group broke up for the first time in late 1997, since Ballew wanted a solo career; they performed a farewell concert early the next year. They reunited in 2002. In 2004, Dederer left the group and was replaced by Andrew McKeag. The Presidents privately disbanded in 2015, and the news was made public a year later.
Paradise Now
Paradise Now (Arabic: الجنّة الآن, romanized: al-Janna al-Laan) is a 2005 psychological drama film directed by Hany Abu-Assad. It follows the story of two Palestinian men preparing for a suicide attack in Israel. The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and received an Academy Award nomination in the same category.

According to Abu-Assad, "The film is an artistic point of view of that political issue. The politicians want to see it as black and white, good and evil, and art wants to see it as a human thing."

Hany Abu-Assad
Hany Abu-Assad (Arabic: هاني أبو أسعد; born 11 October 1961) is a Palestinian filmmaker, twice nominated for Academy Awards, in 2006 for the psychological drama Paradise Now, and in 2013 for the drama Omar. Nominated more for more than 50 international film awards, he has won 21 prizes, including a Golden Globe, Cannes Special Jury Prize and best film at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards.
Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points. For simple cases where the medium on both sides of an optical system is air or vacuum, four cardinal points are sufficient: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.

Optical axis
An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight. Lens elements often have  rotational symmetry about the axis.

The optical axis defines the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry. The optical axis is often coincident with the system's mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off-axis optical systems.

For an optical fiber, the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core, and is also known as the fiber axis.
New York State Common Retirement Fund
The New York State Common Retirement fund is a public pension plan for the employees of New York State government.

As of 2018, it was the third largest public pension plan in the nation, and held $207.4 billion in assets. These assets are overseen by the New York State Comptroller's office and are held on behalf of more than one million members of the New York State and Local Retirement Systems (NYSLRS).

As of March 31, 2018, its one-year return was 11.35%, however its 10-year return was 6.4%. In 2017, the fund was able to cover about 95% of the benefits it paid out. The fund paid out $11.45 billion in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2018.

New York State Comptroller
The New York state  comptroller is an elected constitutional officer of the U.S. state of New York and head of the New York state government's Department of Audit and Control. Sixty-one individuals have held the office of State Comptroller since statehood. The incumbent is Thomas DiNapoli, a Democrat.