hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Tcherepnin
Alexander Nikolayevich Tcherepnin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Черепни́н, romanized: Aleksandr Nikolayevich Cherepnin; 21 January 1899 – 29 September 1977) was a Russian-born composer and pianist.

His father, Nikolai Tcherepnin (pupil of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov), and his sons, Serge Tcherepnin and Ivan Tcherepnin, as well as two of his grandsons (sons of Ivan), Sergei and Stefan, were composers. His son Serge was involved in the earliest development of electronic music and instruments. His mother was a member of the artistic Benois family, a niece of Alexandre Benois.

Serge Tcherepnin
Serge Alexandrovich Tcherepnin (Russian: Серге́й Александрович Черепнин; born 2 February 1941) is a Russian-American composer and electronic-instrument builder of Russian-Chinese parentage. Tcherepnin is noted for creating the Serge Modular synthesizer.
The Left (Slovenia)
The Left (Slovene: Levica) is an eco-socialist and democratic socialist political party in Slovenia. The party was established on 24 June 2017 by the merger of the Party for Sustainable Development of Slovenia (TRS) and Initiative for Democratic Socialism (IDS). The party is a successor of the left-wing electoral alliance, the United Left.

United Left (Slovenia)
United Left (Slovene: Združena levica, abbreviated ZL) was a left-wing electoral alliance in Slovenia between the Democratic Labour Party (DSD), Party for Sustainable Development of Slovenia (TRS), and Initiative for Democratic Socialism (IDS). The alliance was also founded by a "fourth group" of non-party civic groups and movements, and autonomous individuals.

On 24 June 2017, two of the constituent parties – TRS and IDS – merged into a single party. The alliance is succeeded by The Left (Slovene: Levica, formerly TRS and IDS), and DSD, which has adopted the new title, ZL-DSD.
Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat
The Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat (PPTUS) was a regional subdivision of the Red International of Labor Unions (RILU, commonly known as the Profintern), the trade union organization associated with the Communist International. Established in Hankou, China, in May 1927, the PPTUS attempted to coordinate communist activity in the organized labor movement of China and the Pacific basin, including particularly Japan, Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, and the United States.

Profintern
The Red International of Labour Unions (Russian: Красный интернационал профсоюзов, romanized: Krasnyi internatsional profsoyuzov, RILU), commonly known as the Profintern (Russian: Профинтерн), was an international body established by the Communist International (Comintern) with the aim of coordinating communist activities within trade unions.

Formally established in 1921, the Profintern aimed to act as a counterweight to the influence of the so-called "Amsterdam International", the social-democratic International Federation of Trade Unions (founded in 1919), an organization which the Comintern branded as "class-collaborationist" and as an impediment to revolution. After entering a period of decline in the middle 1930s, the Profintern was finally dissolved in 1937 with the advent of Comintern's "Popular Front" policy.
Archdiocese of León
The Roman Catholic  Archdiocese of León (Latin: Archidioecesis Leonensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Metropolitan diocese of the Roman Catholic Church based in the Mexican city of León, Guanajuato. It currently covers an area of 41,940 km2, and has a population of 6,500,000, including the states of Guanajuato and Querétaro.  It was created as the Diocese of León on January 26, 1863, by Pope Pius IX, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Benedict XVI on November 25, 2006, with the suffragan sees of Celaya, Irapuato, and Querétaro.

The archdiocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its archbishop is the Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora de la Luz.

Diocese of Celaya
The  Diocese of Celaya (Latin: Dioecesis Celayensis) (erected 13 October 1973) is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of León. It was a suffragan of the Archdiocese of San Luis Potosí until 25 November 2006.
Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin
Tōyō Eiwa Jogakuin (東洋英和女学院, Tōyō Eiwa Jogakuin) is a private girls academy founded on November 6, 1884, in Azabu, Minato, Tokyo by Martha J. Cartmell, a Methodist missionary from Canada. Toyo Eiwa Women's University, established as a four-year college in 1989, is attached to the school.

Toyo Eiwa University
Toyo Eiwa University (東洋英和女学院大学, Tōyō Eiwa Jogakuin Daigaku, "Toyo Eiwa Women's University") is a private Christian university in Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1989, it is part of the Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin founded in 1884 by Canadian missionary Martha J. Cartmell.
Prins van Oranje-class minelayer
The Prins van Oranje class consisted of two minelayers built for the Royal Netherlands Navy during the 1930s, intended to serve in the Dutch East Indies. Completed in 1932, both ships were stationed there when the Pacific War began in December 1941. Prins van Oranje was sunk by a Japanese destroyer in January 1942 and her sister ship, Gouden Leeuw was scuttled as a blockship when Dutch forces surrendered in March.

HNLMS Gouden Leeuw
Gouden Leeuw (Dutch: Hr.Ms. Gouden Leeuw) was a Prins van Oranje-class minelayer built for the Royal Netherlands Navy during the 1930s, intended to serve in the Dutch East Indies. Completed in 1932, the ship was stationed there when the Pacific War began in December 1941. Gouden Leeuw laid multiple defensive minefields in East Indian waters after the war began. One of these claimed a Japanese minesweeper in February 1942. The ship was scuttled as a blockship when Dutch forces surrendered the following month.
Niels, King of Denmark
Niels (c. 1065 – 25 June 1134) was the King of Denmark from 1104 to 1134. Niels succeeded his brother Eric Evergood and is presumed to have been the youngest son of King Sweyn II Estridson. King Niels actively supported the canonization of Canute IV the Holy and supported his son Magnus after he killed his rival for the succession, Knud Lavard. His secular rule was supported by the clergy. Niels was killed in an ensuing civil war and succeeded by Eric II Emune.

Canute Lavard
Saint Knud, also known as Canute Lavard (Danish: Knud Lavard; cognate with English Lord; 12 March 1096 – 7 January 1131) was a Danish prince. Later he was the first Duke of Schleswig and the first border prince who was both a Danish and a German vassal, a position leading towards the historical double position of Southern Jutland. He was killed by his cousin Magnus the Strong (c. 1106 – 1134), who saw him as a rival to the Danish throne. Canute Lavard was canonized in 1170.

He was an ancestor of the Valdemarian kings (Valdemarerne) and of their subsequent royal line. Canute Lavard was the father of King Valdemar I of Denmark (Valdemar den Store) and grandfather of King Valdemar II of Denmark (Valdemar Sejr).
Este Haim
Este Arielle Haim (born March 14, 1986) is an American musician. She is the bassist and a vocalist of the pop-rock trio Haim, which she formed with her younger sisters Alana and Danielle in 2006. She co-writes all of Haim's songs.

Since 2021, Este has composed scores for film and television. She acted as a music consultant for the second season of HBO's The White Lotus. Este was also the executive music producer for the mini-series A Small Light (2023).

Danielle Haim
Danielle Sari Haim (born February 16, 1989) is an American musician. She is the lead guitarist and vocalist of the pop rock band Haim, which also consists of her two sisters, Este Haim and Alana Haim. Danielle also serves as the group's drummer in the studio; the drummer for live performances varies between Danielle and a separate drummer.
Dassault Mirage 2000
The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole, single-engine, delta wing, fourth-generation jet fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation. It was designed in the late 1970s as a lightweight fighter to replace the Mirage III for the French Air Force (Armée de l'air). The Mirage 2000 evolved into a multirole aircraft with several variants developed, with sales to a number of nations. It was later developed into the Mirage 2000N and 2000D strike variants, the improved Mirage 2000-5, and several export variants. Over 600 aircraft were built and it has been in service with nine nations.

Advanced Mirage 2000 interceptor variants
The Dassault Mirage 2000-5 and its derivatives are the result of an initially private venture by Dassault Aviation, aimed at providing Mirage 2000 interceptor aircraft with improved capabilities. This new slew of upgrades was centred around the Thomson-CSF RDY radar, an upgraded human-machine interface, the integration of MICA missiles (radar and infrared) and the ICMS Mk.II self-defence system for the export variants.
Stari Bar
Stari Bar (Cyrillic: Стари Бар, Albanian: Tivar i Vjetër; lit. "Old Bar") is a small town in Montenegro. It is located inland, three kilometers from the new city of Bar.  According to the 2003 census, the town has a population of 1,864 people.

Bar, Montenegro
Bar (Montenegrin: Bar, Бар, pronounced [bâr], Italian: Antivari, Albanian: Tivari) is a town and seaport in Coastal region of Montenegro. It is the capital of the Bar Municipality and a center for tourism. According to the 2023 census, the city proper had 15,868 inhabitants, while the total population of Bar Municipality was 46,171.
Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.

It is a dimensionless quantity (dimensionless physical constant), independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge e with the electromagnetic field, by the formula . Its numerical value is approximately 0.0072973525643 ≈ 137.035999177-1, with a relative uncertainty of 1.6×10−10.

The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom.  quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887.

Why the constant should have this value is not understood, but there are a number of ways to measure its value.

Dimensionless physical constant
In physics, a dimensionless physical constant is a physical constant that is dimensionless, i.e. a pure number having no units attached and having a numerical value that is independent of whatever system of units may be used.

The concept should not be confused with dimensionless numbers, that are not universally constant, and remain constant only for a particular phenomenon. In aerodynamics for example, if one considers one particular airfoil, the Reynolds number value of the laminar–turbulent transition is one relevant dimensionless number of the problem. However, it is strictly related to the particular problem: for example, it is related to the airfoil being considered and also to the type of fluid in which it moves.

The term fundamental physical constant is sometimes used to refer to some universal dimensionless constants. Perhaps the best-known example is the fine-structure constant, α, which has an approximate value of ⁠1/137.036⁠.
Elephas hysudrindicus
Elephas hysudrindicus, commonly known also as the Blora elephant in Indonesia (lit. Gajah Blora in Indonesian), is a species of extinct elephant from the Pleistocene of Java. It is anatomically distinct from the Asian elephant, the last remaining species of elephant under the genus Elephas. The species existed from around the end of the Early Pleistocene until the end of the Middle Pleistocene, when it was replaced by the modern Asian elephant in Java. It coexisted with the fellow proboscidean Stegodon trigonocephalus, as well as archaic humans belonging to the species Homo erectus.

Javan elephant
The Javan elephant (Elephas maximus sondaicus) was proposed by Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala in 1953, based on an illustration of a carving on the Buddhist monument of Borobudur in Java. He thought that the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) had indeed existed on the island and had gone extinct. It may be considered synonymous with the Sumatran elephant (E. maximus sumatranus).

Fossils of the Asian elephant have been found in Pleistocene deposits on Java. The question of when elephants became extinct in Java is unsettled. Chinese chronicles contemporary with the period of Hindu influence in Java recorded that Javan kings rode on elephants, and that Java exported ivory to China. As elephants were, at least occasionally, transported by ship, the elephants in Java during the period of Hindu influence may have been imported from India.
Humanistic Judaism
Humanistic Judaism (Hebrew: יהדות הומניסטית, romanized: Yahadut Humanistit) is a Jewish movement that offers a nontheistic alternative to contemporary branches of Judaism. It defines Judaism as the cultural and historical experience of the Jewish people rather than a religion, and encourages Jews who are humanistic and secular to celebrate their identity by participating in relevant holidays and rites of passage (such as weddings and bar/bat mitzvahs) with inspirational ceremonies that go beyond traditional literature while still drawing upon it.

Jewish secularism
Jewish secularism (Hebrew: יהדות חילונית) refers to secularism in a Jewish context, denoting the definition of Jewish identity with little or no attention given to its religious aspects. The concept of Jewish secularism first arose in the late 19th century, with its influence peaking during the interwar period.

According to a 2001 survey by City University of New York, 49% of all American Jews identify as being secular while 22% of American Jews as of 2013 identify as having no religion.
Regions of Somaliland
The regions of Somaliland (Somali: Gobolada Somaliland; Arabic: محافظات صوماليلاند) is divided into six administrative regions, Awdal, Sahil, Maroodi-Jeeh, Togdheer, Sanaag and Sool. These are in turn subdivided into twenty-two districts. Regions of Somaliland are the primary geographical divisions through which Somaliland is administered.  A distinction is made between districts of grades A, B, C and D, with the classification being based on population, area, economy and production.

Districts of Somaliland
The Districts of Somaliland (also known as local government districts) are second-level administrative subdivisions of Somaliland, below the level of region. There are a total of 22 district, each district is rated A, B, C, or D according to population, budget, and economic scale with the highest being A grade. The district where the state capital is located is always Class A (by Article 9 of the Local Government Law). The region with the most districts is Sanaag region (5), while the region with the fewest is Sahil region (2).

The notation follows the Somaliland 2019 Local Government Act.
Sahn
A sahn (Arabic: صَحْن, ṣaḥn), is a courtyard in Islamic architecture, especially the formal courtyard of a mosque. Most traditional mosques have a large central sahn, which is surrounded by a riwaq or arcade on all sides.

Riwaq (arcade)
A riwaq (or rivaq, Arabic: رواق riwāq or ruwāq) is an arcade or portico (if in front of entrances) open on at least one side. It is an architectural design element in Islamic architecture and Islamic garden design.

A riwaq often serves as the transition space between interior and outdoor spaces. As portico or arcade structure, it provides shade and adjustment to sunlight in hot climates, and cover from rain in any locale.
Piru Creek
Piru Creek is a major stream, about 71 miles (114 km) long, in northern Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County, California. It is a tributary of the Santa Clara River, the largest stream system in Southern California that is still relatively natural.

The creek drains an area of about 497 square miles (1,290 km2), making it the Santa Clara River's biggest tributary in terms of watershed size. Most of the creek above Lake Piru is located in the Los Padres National Forest. There are two major reservoirs on Piru Creek, Lake Piru and Pyramid Lake, which respectively store water for local irrigation and the California State Water Project.

Lake Piru
Lake Piru (/ˈpaɪruː/ ⓘ) is a reservoir located in Los Padres National Forest and Topatopa Mountains of Ventura County, California,  created by the construction in 1955 (1955) of the Santa Felicia Dam on Piru Creek, which is a tributary of the Santa Clara River.

The reservoir is widely known for celebrity incidents: in 1999, actor Harrison Ford crashed his helicopter by the lake, and in 2020, actress Naya Rivera died by drowning. Several other people have drowned in the lake as well. Due to these incidents, swimming at the lake is permanently banned.
Semi-trailer truck
A semi-trailer truck (also known by a wide variety of other terms – see below) is the combination of a tractor unit and one or more semi-trailers to carry freight. A semi-trailer attaches to the tractor with a type of hitch called a fifth wheel.

Tractor unit
A tractor unit, also known as a truck unit, lorry unit, power unit, prime mover, ten-wheeler, semi-tractor, semi-truck, semi-lorry, big rig tractor, big rig truck or big rig lorry or simply a tractor, truck, lorry, semi, big rig or rig, is a characteristically heavy-duty towing engine that provides motive power for hauling a towed or trailered load. The largest such vehicles are similar to locomotives. These fall into two categories: heavy- and medium-duty military and commercial rear-wheel-drive semi-tractors used for hauling semi-trailers, and very heavy-duty typically off-road-capable, often 6×6, military and commercial tractor units, including ballast tractors.

It should not be confused with a tractor-trailer which is a combination of a tractor unit and semi-trailer, whereas a tractor unit describes only the tractor portion.
Federalist Party (Argentina)
The Federalist Party (Spanish: Partido Federal) was the nineteenth century Argentine political party that supported federalism.  It opposed the Unitarian Party that claimed a centralised government of Buenos Aires Province, with no participation of the other provinces of the custom taxes benefits of the Buenos Aires port. The federales supported the autonomy of the provincial governments and the distribution of external commerce taxes among the provinces.

The federalists advocated a form of political organization that would ensure coexistence between autonomous provinces and a central government with limited powers. They took as a model the federalism of the United States.

The view on the most prominent historical leader of the movement is controversial. Juan Manuel de Rosas is considered by his detractors as a "dictator". Among the various possible ways of characterizing him, his supporters call him a "man of order."

Unitarian Party
The Unitarian Party (Spanish: Partido Unitario) was a political party that were proponents of the concept of a unitary state (centralized government) in Buenos Aires during the civil wars that shortly followed the Declaration of Independence of Argentina in 1816. They were opposed to the Argentine Federalists, who wanted a federation of autonomous provinces.
Cullen Center
Cullen Center is a skyscraper complex in Downtown Houston, Texas, United States. The complex is now managed by Brookfield Properties. Previously Trizec Properties owned all four office buildings. The complex includes the headquarters of the Houston Fire Department and KBR, and it formerly included the headquarters of Continental Airlines.

The buildings include 1600 Smith (formerly Continental Center I), 600 Jefferson (formerly Continental Center II), KBR Tower, and 500 Jefferson Street.

1600 Smith Street
1600 Smith Street (previously named Continental Center I and also known as Cullen Center Plaza) is a 51-story, 732-foot (223 m) office tower in Downtown Houston, Texas, United States. It served as the headquarters of Continental Airlines prior to its merger with United Airlines in 2010, and at one point also served as the headquarters of ExpressJet Airlines. It is a part of the Cullen Center complex.

The 51 story building has about 1,098,399 square feet (102,044.6 m2) of rentable Class "A" office space. The design architect was Morris Architects, the general contractor was Linbeck Construction Company, the mechanical engineer was I.A. Naman, and the structural engineer was CBM Engineers. The building was completed in 1984.

The tower stands as a postmodern-style building.  It is currently the 9th-tallest building in Houston.
Siau Island tarsier
The Siau Island tarsier (Tarsius tumpara) is a species of tarsier from the tiny volcanic island of Siau in Indonesia. The T. tumpara species is one of 14 species and 7 subspecies in the tarsier family called "Tarsiidae". They belong to the Haplorrhini suborder, known as the "dry-nosed" primates. The tarsier's eyes are so big that they do not move in its socket and they are almost as big as its brain. Locally in the Siau dialect of Sangir language, the tarsiers are called Tumpara. The name differs from the Sangihe dialect which called tarsiers, Senggasi or Higo, these names are used for the Sangihe tarsier instead.

Sangihe tarsier
The Sangihe tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), also known as Sangihe Island tarsier, is a small primate found on Sangir Island, which is located about 200 kilometers north-east of the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. In 2008 a population of the Sangihe tarsier was determined to be a distinct species, the Siau Island tarsier (Tarsius tumpara). Locally in the Sangihe dialect of Sangir language, tarsiers are called Senggasi or Higo.
Surface wave
In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.  A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves.  Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities.  Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids, such as Rayleigh or Love waves.  Electromagnetic waves can also propagate as "surface waves" in that they can be guided along with a refractive index gradient or along an interface between two media having different dielectric constants. In radio transmission, a ground wave is a guided wave that propagates close to the surface of the Earth.

Love wave
In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves. The Love wave is a result of the interference of many shear waves (S-waves) guided by an elastic layer, which is welded to an elastic half space on one side while bordering a vacuum on the other side. In seismology, Love waves (also known as Q waves (Quer, lit. "lateral" in German)) are surface seismic waves that cause horizontal shifting of the Earth during an earthquake. Augustus Edward Hough Love predicted the existence of Love waves mathematically in 1911.  They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave).  Love waves travel with a lower velocity than P- or S- waves, but faster than Rayleigh waves. These waves are observed only when there is a low velocity layer overlying a high velocity layer/sub–layers.
Schwarzbach (Sebnitz)
The Schwarzbach (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaʁtsˌbax]) is a river of Saxony, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Sebnitz, which in turn flows via the Lachsbach and the Elbe into the North Sea. The river is about 10.2 km long and runs through the municipalities of Hohnstein and Sebnitz in the Saxon Switzerland region.

Sebnitz (river)
The Sebnitz (German pronunciation: [ˈzeːbnɪts] ⓘ; Czech: Sebnice) is the left, larger headstream of the Lachsbach and runs through both the Czech Republic as well as the German state of Saxony. The upper section in the Czech Republic is known as Vilémovský potok in Czech and Wölmsdorfer Bach in German.