hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary-Russell Ferrell Colton
Mary-Russell Ferrell Colton (March 25, 1889 – July 26, 1971) née Mary-Russell Ferrell, was an American artist, author, educator, ethnographer, and curator. She is one of the principal founders of the Museum of Northern Arizona. She was a member of the Philadelphia Ten and exhibited her art at the group's annual shows from 1926 to 1940. She was a member of the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors, the American Watercolor Society, and the American Federation of Arts. She was known for her advocacy of the arts, Native American rights, and women's rights. For her advocacy of Native American arts, she received a certificate of appreciation from the United States Department of the Interior, Indian Arts and Crafts Board in 1935. In 1981, she was inducted into the Arizona Women's Hall of Fame.

Philadelphia Ten
The Philadelphia Ten, also known as The Ten, was a group of American female artists who exhibited together from 1917 to 1945. The group, eventually numbering 30 painters and sculptors, exhibited annually in Philadelphia and later had traveling exhibitions at museums throughout the East Coast and the Midwest.
Beloit and Madison Railroad
The Beloit and Madison Railroad was a railroad company in the states of Illinois of Wisconsin. It was incorporated in 1852 and opened its first line in 1854. Upon completion, the railroad was leased by the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the company merged into the Chicago and North Western Railway in 1871.

Galena and Chicago Union Railroad
The Galena and Chicago Union Railroad (G&CU) was the first railroad constructed out of Chicago, intended to provide a shipping route between Chicago and the lead mines near Galena, Illinois. The railroad company was chartered on January 16, 1836, but financial difficulties delayed construction until 1848. While the main line never reached Galena, construction to Freeport, Illinois, allowed it to connect with the Illinois Central Railroad and provide direct service to Galena. A second line was built to Fulton, Illinois; eventually this route connected to railroads in Iowa and Nebraska, and became the eastern link to the first transcontinental railroad in the United States. The G&CU was also the original railroad of what became the Chicago & North Western railroad network.
Nomwin
Nomwin is a large atoll, part of the Hall Islands, as well as a village and municipality (together with uninhabited East Fayu) in the state of Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia.

It is located 9 km to the SW of Murilo Atoll and 82 km to the north of Chuuk Lagoon.
Together with Murilo, Fananu, and Ruo, they form the Hall Islands.

Hall Islands
The Hall Islands are a group of two large atolls in the northern part of the state of Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia. In the broader sense, a third and smaller atoll is included.

Nomwin, the western atoll, and Murilo, the eastern one, are located about 9 km apart, being the emergent parts of a twin-lobed seamount. Murilo and Nomwin each harbor a population of more than 1,000 people. They lie roughly 100 km to the north of Chuuk Lagoon. Uninhabited East Fayu, lying 30+ km to the west of Nomwin, is sometimes included in the Halls. The three atolls together account for a dry surface of about 3.5 km2 over more than 50 islets or motus.
Boo Boo (album)
Boo Boo is the fifth studio album by Toro y Moi, released on July 7, 2017 via Carpark. "Girl Like You" was the first single from the album and was released on June 9, 2017. Toro y Moi cites Travis Scott, Daft Punk, Kashif, Gigi Masin, Frank Ocean, and Oneohtrix Point Never as inspiration for the album. Toro y Moi said the album was written to help "cope with an identity crisis caused by his growing popularity".

Toro y Moi
Chaz Bear (born Chazwick Bradley Bundick; November 7, 1986), known professionally as Toro y Moi and occasionally referred to as Les Sins or simply as "Toro", is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and graphic designer. He is often recognized as a spearhead of the chillwave genre in the 2010s, alongside contemporaries Washed Out and Neon Indian, although his music has explored various styles since. His stage name is a multilingual expression consisting of the Spanish words "toro y" (meaning "bull and") and the French word moi (meaning "me").
Mid-ocean escort force
Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) referred to the organisation of anti-submarine escorts for World War II trade convoys between Canada and Newfoundland, and the British Isles.  The allocation of United States, British and Canadian escorts to these convoys reflected preferences of the United States upon United States' declaration of war and the organisation persisted through the winter of 1942–43 despite withdrawal of United States ships from the escort groups.  By the summer of 1943, United States Atlantic escorts were focused on the faster CU convoys and the UG convoys between Chesapeake Bay and the Mediterranean Sea; and only British and Canadian escorts remained on the HX, SC and ON convoys.

V and W-class destroyer
The V and W class was an amalgam of six similar classes of destroyer built for the Royal Navy under the 9th, 10th, 13th and 14th of fourteen War Emergency Programmes during the First World War and generally treated as one class. For their time they were among the most powerful and advanced ships of their type in the world, and set the trend for future British designs.

They arrived in time to see service in the First World War. During the interwar period these ships formed the backbone of the Royal Navy's destroyer flotillas until gradually replaced by new construction; by the mid-1930s most had been displaced to the reserve fleet. Most ships survived to make an extensive contribution to the Second World War effort, in the vital role of convoy escort, freeing up more modern ships for fleet action.
Portugal in the Middle Ages
The Kingdom of Portugal was established from the county of Portugal in the 1130s, ruled by the Portuguese House of Burgundy. During most of the 12th and 13th centuries, its history is chiefly that of the gradual reconquest of territory from the various Muslim principalities (taifas) of the period.

This process was essentially complete with the ascension of Afonso III of Portugal, the first to claim the title of King of Portugal and the Algarve. The history of Portugal in the period between the death of Afonso III in 1279 and the beginning of the Portuguese Empire in 1415 includes the 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum and the subsequent transition from the Portuguese House of Burgundy to the House of Aviz.

Afonso III of Portugal
Afonso III (Afonso Afonso; 5 May 1210 – 16 February 1279), called the Boulonnais (Port. o Bolonhês), was King of Portugal and the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, from 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who died on 4 January 1248.
Eugene Butler (serial killer)
Eugene Butler (c. 1849 – October 22, 1913) was an American serial killer who murdered six teenage boys at his residence in Niagara, North Dakota, from 1900 to 1906. The bodies of his victims were found in 1915, two years after Butler had died in an insane asylum.

Niagara, North Dakota
Niagara is a city in Grand Forks County, North Dakota, United States. It is part of the "Grand Forks, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area" or "Greater Grand Forks". The population was 46 at the 2020 census. Niagara was founded in 1883.
Radio 1's Dance Anthems
Radio 1's Dance Anthems is a radio show broadcast on BBC Radio 1 from 4pm to 7pm on Saturdays, and on Radio 1 Dance from 4pm to 6pm on weekdays and 4pm to 7pm on weekends. The show, which is currently presented by Charlie Hedges, plays a mix of classic and contemporary dance and electronic tracks and remixes.

BBC Radio 1 Dance
BBC Radio 1 Dance is a British digital radio station owned and operated by the BBC. It specialises in a wide range of dance and electronic music, featuring a mix of presenter-led programmes, curated DJ sets and live or pre-recorded performances.

The station was launched in October 2020 as a spin-off from Radio 1 exclusively on BBC Sounds. From September 2025, the station began broadcasting on DAB+. Some shows are simulcast on Radio 1 during late-night slots or events. Such shows from Radio 1 are also occasionally re-broadcast on Radio 1 Dance independently.
Neighborhood Story
Neighborhood Story (Japanese: ご近所物語, Hepburn: Gokinjo Monogatari) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ai Yazawa. It was serialized by Shueisha's shōjo manga magazine Ribon from 1995 to 1997, with its chapters collected in seven tankōbon volumes. The manga has been licensed for English release in North America by Viz Media.

A 50-episode anime television series adaptation, produced by Toei Animation, was broadcast on ABC, TV Asahi and other stations from September 1995 to September 1996. An anime film was released in March 1996.

I'm No Angel (manga)
I'm No Angel (Japanese: 天使なんかじゃない, Hepburn: Tenshi Nanka ja Nai) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ai Yazawa. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōjo manga magazine Ribon from 1991 to 1994, with its chapters collected in eight tankōbon volumes. An original video animation (OVA), animated by Group TAC and directed by Hiroko Tokita, was released in 1994.
Brahim Boushaki
Brahim Boushaki (Arabic: إبراهيم بن علي بوسحاقي Ibrahim ibn Ali al-Boushaki) (1912 CE/1330 AH – 1997 CE/1418 AH) was an Algerian Scholar, Imam and Sufi Sheikh. He was born in the village of Soumâa near the town of Thénia 53 km east of Algiers. He was raised in a very spiritual environment within Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki with high Islamic values and ethics. He had great interpersonal skills and devoted his entire life in service of Islam and Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference.

Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki
Zawiyet Sidi Brahim Boushaki (Arabic: زاوية سيدي إبراهيم البوسحاقي) or Zawiyet Thénia is a zawiya of the Rahmaniyya Sufi brotherhood located at Boumerdès Province, in the lower Kabylia region of Algeria.
Nick Lazzarini
Nick Lazzarini (born August 4, 1984) is an American dancer.  He is best known as the first season winner on the Fox reality show So You Think You Can Dance.  He is a trained dancer in jazz, lyrical, hip hop, ballet and modern dance styles.

So You Think You Can Dance (American TV series) season 1
So You Think You Can Dance is an American television dance competition that airs on the Fox network. The first season premiered on July 20, 2005, with Lauren Sánchez in her only season as host, Nigel Lythgoe as the main judge, and Mary Murphy, Dan Karaty, Mia Michaels and Brian Friedman as most frequent guest judges. Nick Lazzarini was crowned America's Favorite Dancer on October 5, 2005, with 37.7% of the votes.
Self-Master Colony
The Self-Master Colony (1908–1938) was an experiment in housing the homeless in Union Township, Union County, New Jersey. A lengthy article about it was published in the December 9, 1911, issue of Literary Digest magazine.

Union Township, Union County, New Jersey
Union Township is a township in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In the 18th century, the area that is now Union was then called Connecticut Farms. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 59,728, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 3,086 (+5.4%) from the 2010 census count of 56,642, which in turn had reflected an increase of 2,237 (+4.1%) from the 54,405 counted at the 2000 census.
Newhall, Cheshire
Newhall is a village (at SJ609454) and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of  Cheshire, England. The village lies 3½ miles to the west of Audlem and 5 miles to the south west of Nantwich. The parish also includes the village of Aston (at SJ610468), and the small settlements of Aston Heath, Barnett Brook, Brown's Bank, Dodd's Green, Grandford, Grindley Green, Hollingreen, Kingswood Green, Maiden Estate, Salesbrook, Sheppenhall and part of Sandford. Nearby villages include Audlem and Wrenbury.

According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 669, increasing to 776 at the 2011 Census.

Aston by Wrenbury
Aston (also known as Aston by Wrenbury, Aston in Wrenbury, Aston by Newhall, Aston in Newhall and Aston near Audlem) is a village in the civil parish of Newhall in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England.

The village should not be confused with several other villages named Aston in Cheshire, which include Aston juxta Mondrum, Aston by Budworth and Aston, Vale Royal.
Discount window
The discount window is an instrument of monetary policy (usually controlled by central banks) that allows eligible institutions to borrow money from the central bank, usually on a short-term basis, to meet temporary shortages of liquidity caused by internal or external disruptions.

The interest rate charged on such loans by a central bank is called the bank rate, discount rate, policy rate, base rate, or repo rate, and is separate and distinct from the prime rate. It is also not the same thing as the federal funds rate or its equivalents in other currencies, which determine the rate at which banks lend money to each other.  In recent years, the discount rate has been approximately a percentage point above the federal funds rate (see Lombard credit).  Because of this, it is a relatively unimportant factor in the control of the money supply and is only taken advantage of at large volume during emergencies.

Bank rate
Bank rate, also known as discount rate in American English, and (familiarly) the base rate in European English, is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on its loans and advances to a commercial bank. The bank rate is known by a number of different terms depending on the country, and has changed over time in some countries as the mechanisms used to manage the rate have changed.

Whenever a bank has a shortage of funds, they can typically borrow from the central bank based on the monetary policy of the country. The borrowing is commonly done via repos: the repo rate is the rate at which the central bank lends short-term money to the banks against securities. It is more applicable when there is a liquidity crunch in the market. In contrast, the reverse repo rate is the rate at which banks can park surplus funds with the reserve bank, which is mostly done when there is surplus liquidity.
Kiss of Life (group)
Kiss of Life (Korean: 키스 오브 라이프; RR: Kiseu Obeu Raipeu; stylized in all caps), also known as KIOF, is a South Korean girl group formed by S2 Entertainment in 2023. The group consists of four members: Julie, Natty, Belle, and Haneul. They debuted on July 5, 2023, with the extended play (EP) Kiss of Life.

Kiss of Life (EP)
Kiss of Life  is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean girl group Kiss of Life. It was released on July 5, 2023, through S2 Entertainment. The EP contains six tracks, including the lead single "Shhh".
Wing 1 Nakhon Ratchasima
Wing 1 (Thai: กองบิน 1; RTGS: Kong Bin 1) is a tactical interceptor fighter wing under the Combat Group and is a directly subordinate unit of the Royal Thai Air Force. It is stationed at Korat AFB, Nakhon Ratchasima. The unit was established on 15 April 1936.

Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base
Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base or Nakhon Ratchasima Royal Thai Air Force Base is a base of the Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) in northeast Thailand, approximately 200 km (125 mi) northeast of Bangkok and about 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the centre of the city of Nakhon Ratchasima in the Nakhon Ratchasima Province (also known as "Khorat" or "Korat"), the largest province in Thailand.

During the Vietnam War, from 1962 to 1975, Korat RTAFB was a front-line facility of the United States Air Force (USAF) in Thailand.

During the 1980s and early-1990s, the airfield was jointly operated as a civil airport for Nakhon Ratchasima. This ended with the opening of Nakhon Ratchasima Airport in the early-1990s.
Sociology of art
The sociology of art is a subfield of sociology that explores the societal dimensions of art and aesthetics.

Scholars who have written on the sociology of art include Pierre Bourdieu, Vera Zolberg, Howard S. Becker, Arnold Hauser, and Harrison White.

Howard S. Becker
Howard Saul Becker (April 18, 1928 – August 16, 2023) was an American sociologist who taught at Northwestern University. Becker made contributions to the sociology of deviance, sociology of art, and sociology of music.  Becker also wrote extensively on sociological writing styles and methodologies. Becker's 1963 book Outsiders provided the foundations for labeling theory.  Becker was often called a symbolic interactionist or social constructionist, although he did not align himself with either method. A graduate of the University of Chicago, Becker was considered part of the second Chicago School of Sociology, which also includes Erving Goffman and Anselm Strauss.
The Anna Nicole Story
The Anna Nicole Story (also known as Anna Nicole) is an American biographical drama television film about late actress and Playboy Playmate Anna Nicole Smith. The film stars Agnes Bruckner as Smith and was distributed by Lifetime Movie Network. It premiered on June 29, 2013.

Anna Nicole Smith
Vickie Lynn Marshall (née Hogan; November 28, 1967 – February 8, 2007), known professionally as Anna Nicole Smith, was an American model, actress and television personality. Smith started her career as a Playboy magazine centerfold in May 1992 and won the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year. She later modeled for clothing companies, including Guess, H&M and Heatherette.

Smith dropped out of high school in 1984, married in 1985, and divorced in 1993. In 1994, her highly publicized second marriage to 89-year-old billionaire J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she was a gold digger, which she denied. Following Marshall's death in 1995, Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate. Her cases reached the Supreme Court of the United States: Marshall v. Marshall on a question of federal jurisdiction and Stern v. Marshall on a question of bankruptcy court authority. Smith died on February 8, 2007, in Hollywood, Florida, of a combined drug intoxication.
Kera Tamara
Kera Tamara (Bulgarian: Кера Тамара; c. 1340 - c. 1389, known also as Tamara Hatun) was a Bulgarian princess, the daughter of the Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Alexander and his second wife Sarah-Theodora, and the legal wife of the Ottoman Sultan Murad I.

Murad I
Murad I (Ottoman Turkish: مراد اول; Turkish: I. Murad), nicknamed Hüdavendigâr , (from Persian: خداوندگار, romanized: Khodāvandgār, lit. 'the devotee of God' – meaning "sovereign" in this context; 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1362 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan Gazi and Nilüfer Hatun. Murad I came to the throne after his elder half-brother Süleyman Pasha's death.

Murad I conquered Adrianople in 1360s and made it the new capital of the Ottoman Sultanate. Then he further expanded the Ottoman realm in Southern Europe by bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule, and forced the princes of Serbia, the emperor of Bulgaria as well as the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos to pay him tribute. Murad I administratively divided his sultanate into the two provinces of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Rumelia (the Balkans).
Pushpagiri (mountain)
Pushpagiri, at 5,626 feet (1,715 m) ft, is the highest peak  in Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, located along the Western Ghats of Karnataka. It is located in Somwarpete taluk, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Somwarpet in the northern part of Kodagu district on the tri-junction between Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu and Hassan district. It is 4th highest peak of Karnataka.

Kodagu district
Kodagu district (Kodava: [koɖɐɡɨ, -ʋɨ], also known by its former name Coorg, Kodava: koḍagï, koḍavï) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.
Hercules at the crossroads
Hercules at the crossroads, also known as the Choice of Hercules and the Judgement of Hercules, is an ancient Greek parable attributed to Prodicus and known from Xenophon. It concerns the young Heracles (also known to the Romans as Hercules) who is offered a choice between Vice (Kakia) and Virtue (Arete)—a life of pleasure or one of hardship and honour. In the early modern period it became a popular motif in Western art.

Parable
A parable is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, that illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles. It differs from a fable in that fables employ animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature as characters, whereas parables have human characters. A parable is a type of metaphorical analogy.

Some scholars of the canonical gospels and the New Testament apply the term "parable" only to the parables of Jesus, although that is not a common restriction of the term.
André Le Nôtre
André Le Nôtre (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe lə notʁ]; 12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700), originally rendered as André Le Nostre, was a French landscape architect and the principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France. He was the landscape architect who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles; his work represents the height of the French formal garden style, or jardin à la française.

Prior to working on Versailles, Le Nôtre collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park at Vaux-le-Vicomte. His other works include the design of gardens and parks at Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud and Saint-Germain. His contribution to planning was also significant: at the Tuileries in Paris he extended the westward vista, which later became the Avenue des Champs-Élysées within the Axe historique.

Palace of Fontainebleau
Palace of Fontainebleau (/ˈfɒntɪnbloʊ/ FON-tin-bloh, US also /-bluː/ -⁠bloo; French: Château de Fontainebleau [ʃɑto d(ə) fɔ̃tɛnblo]), located 55 kilometers (34 miles) southeast of the center of Paris, in the commune of Fontainebleau, is one of the largest French royal châteaux. It served as a hunting lodge and autumn residence for many of the French monarchs, including Louis VII, Francis I, Henry II, Louis-Philippe, Napoleon I, and Napoleon III.  Though the monarchs only resided there for a few months of the year, they gradually transformed it into a genuine palace, filled with art and decoration. It became a national museum in 1927 and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 for its unique architecture and historical importance.
Jill McDonald (businesswoman)
Gillian Clare McDonald (born 15 May 1964) is a British businesswoman. She has previously been the CEO of Costa Coffee, CEO of Halfords, CEO of McDonald's UK and head of Marks & Spencer's non-food business, overseeing clothing, home and beauty.

Costa Coffee
Costa Limited, trading as Costa Coffee, is a coffeehouse chain with headquarters in Loudwater, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom. It operates in the United Kingdom and 37 other countries.

Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Bruno and Sergio Costa brothers as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. It was acquired by Whitbread in 1995, then sold to The Coca-Cola Company in January 2019 in a deal worth $4.9 billion and has grown to over 4,000 stores across 31 countries and 18,412 employees. As of 2016, The business had over 2,700 cafes in the UK and Ireland, over 14,200 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,300 outlets overseas, including 460 in China.

Costa is the second largest coffeehouse chain in the world, and the largest in the UK.