hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Laird (American politician)
John Laird (born March 29, 1950) is an American politician who is serving as the California State Senator for District 17 since December 7, 2020. A Democrat, Laird was Secretary of the California Natural Resources Agency from 2011 to 2019 and represented the 27th District in the California State Assembly from 2002 to 2008. The 27th District included parts of Santa Clara, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties.

Laird, along with Mark Leno of San Francisco, was one of the first two openly gay men to serve in the California Legislature. In 1983, Laird became one of the United States' first openly gay mayors, when he took over the mayoralty of the city of Santa Cruz, California.

California Natural Resources Agency
The California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) is a state cabinet-level agency in the government of California. The institution and jurisdiction of the Natural Resources Agency is provided for in California Government Code sections 12800 and 12805, et seq. The agency has six departments, 10 conservancies, 17 boards and commissions, three councils, and one urban park in Los Angeles that consists of two museums, the California Science Center and the California African American museum. Through its 25 departments, conservancies and commissions, the Natural Resources Agency is responsible for protecting prehistory history, natural landscapes and cultural sites, monitoring and stewarding state lands and waterways, and regulating fish and game use, as well as private lands and the intersection with federal lands and waters.

The current Secretary for Natural Resources is Wade Crowfoot, a member of Governor Gavin Newsom's cabinet.
Gregory Scarpa Jr.
Gregory J. Scarpa Jr. (born August 4, 1951) is a former American mobster and caporegime in the Colombo crime family and government informant. He is the son of hitman and fellow caporegime in the family Gregory Scarpa. It is believed Scarpa Jr. had murdered at least 11 people from between 1980 and 1987. Scarpa Jr. was primarily active in bank robbery, illegal gambling, and was also involved in trafficking cocaine, marijuana and heroin. In February 1989, Scarpa Jr. was sentenced to 20 years in prison, and again in May 1999, Scarpa Jr. was sentenced to 40 years in prison. In November 2020, Scarpa Jr. was released from prison after serving 31 years in prison.

Gregory Scarpa
Gregory Scarpa Sr. (May 8, 1928 – June 4, 1994), nicknamed the Grim Reaper and the Mad Hatter, was an American caporegime and hitman for the Colombo crime family, as well as an informant for the FBI. During the 1970s and the 1980s, Scarpa was the chief enforcer and veteran hitman for Colombo boss Carmine Persico. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for three murders in 1993 and died the following year.
Peeblesshire
Peeblesshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd nam Pùballan), alternately the County of Peebles or Tweeddale, is a historic county of Scotland. Its county town is Peebles, and it borders Midlothian to the north, Selkirkshire to the east, Dumfriesshire to the south, and Lanarkshire to the west.

Tweeddale
Tweeddale (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Thuaidh/Tuaidhdail) is a committee area and lieutenancy area in the Scottish Borders council area in south-eastern Scotland. It had also been a province in the Middle Ages. From 1975 to 1996 it was a local government district. Its boundaries correspond to the historic county of Peeblesshire.
Paleface Adios
Paleface Adios (1969–1989) was an Australian harness racing horse which competed as a pacer throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. He raced from 1972 to 1981, (from the age of two years until he was retired at the age of 11 years) when there was top competition from the likes of the Hondo Grattan and Pure Steel.

He was a chestnut Standardbred pacer with a white blaze and feet, and a golden mane. Paleface Adios was foaled on 1 November 1969, at Temora, NSW and was by Deep Adios (by Adios) out of Rayjen by Brigade Command. Rayjen was the dam of several full siblings to Paleface Adios, but they failed to match his ability as racehorses.

Hondo Grattan
Hondo Grattan was a Standardbred pacer from Bathurst, New South Wales known as the "Bathurst Bulldog".  He won the Inter Dominion Pacing Championship in both 1973 and 1974, becoming the first horse to successfully defend an Inter Dominion title. Hondo Grattan was the first horse in Australia to win (AUD)$200,000 and also the first horse to win 21 races at Harold Park Paceway. He was a winner at a time of top competition, that included horses such as Pure Steel and Paleface Adios. He was inducted into the Inter Dominion Hall of Fame.
Florida State Road 586
State Road 586, also known as Curlew Road, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Florida. A five-mile-long east–west street serving northern Pinellas County, it currently extends from an intersection with Bayshore Boulevard (U.S. Route 19 Alternate (US 19 Alt.) and SR 595) in Dunedin eastward to an intersection with Tampa Road (SR 584 to the southeast, CR 752 - a former alignment of SR 584 - to the northwest) in Oldsmar.

Curlew Road continues west as Causeway Boulevard (CR 586), which crosses Pope Channel (and the Intracoastal Waterway) and ends at the entrance to Honeymoon Island State Park.  A continuation to the east (after a slight turn to the east-southeast) puts motorists on Tampa Road, which is SR 584 at the turn and becomes SR 580 two miles (3 km) afterward.

Florida State Road 584
State Road 584, locally known as Tampa Road, is a two-mile-long street connecting Curlew Road (SR 586) and SR 580 in Oldsmar, Florida. A western continuation along Tampa Road (along current CR 752, formerly a section of SR 584) extends six miles (10 km) until its intersection with Alternate US 19-SR 595 near Ozona and one mile (1.6 km) north of Dunedin.  At the eastern terminus of SR 584, Tampa Road becomes SR 580 and Hillsborough Avenue, a major highway serving Tampa International Airport in Hillsborough County.
Inductive effect
In organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond.
It is present in a σ (sigma) bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π (pi) bond.

The halogen atoms in an alkyl halide are electron withdrawing while the alkyl groups have electron donating tendencies. If the electronegative atom (missing an electron, thus having a positive charge) is then joined to a chain of atoms, typically carbon, the positive charge is relayed to the other atoms in the chain. This is the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, also known as the −I effect. In short, alkyl groups tend to donate electrons, leading to the +I effect. Its experimental basis is the ionization constant. It is distinct from and often opposite to the mesomeric effect.

Electromeric effect
In chemistry, the electromeric effect is a molecular polarization occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement, characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons. It is sometimes called the conjugative mechanism, and previously, the tautomeric mechanism. The electromeric effect is often considered along with the inductive effect as types of electron displacement. Although some people refer to it as an effect produced by the presence of a reagent like an electrophile or a nucleophile, IUPAC does not define it as such. The term electromeric effect is no longer used in standard texts and is considered as obsolete. The concepts implied by the terms electromeric effect and mesomeric effect are absorbed in the term resonance effect. This effect can be represented using curved arrows, which symbolize the electron shift, as in the diagram below:
Android Runtime
Android Runtime (ART) is an application runtime environment used by the Android operating system.  Replacing Dalvik, the process virtual machine originally used by Android, ART performs the translation of some of the application's bytecode into native instructions that are later executed by the device's runtime environment.

Android version history
The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of its first beta on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. The operating system has been developed by Google on a yearly schedule since at least 2011.  New major releases are usually announced at Google I/O in May, along with beta testing, with the stable version released to the public between August and October. The most recent exception has been Android 16 with its release in June 2025.
Scott Boyer
Charles Scott Boyer II (October 17, 1947 – February 13, 2018) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. Boyer was best known for co-founding the band Cowboy. Boyer was born in Chenango, New York, and moved to Jacksonville, Florida in his youth.

After high school, he played in the band the 31st of February. He co-founded Cowboy with songwriter Tommy Talton in 1969, which released four albums and supported the Allman Brothers Band on tour. Boyer's song "Please Be with Me" was later covered by Eric Clapton. After Cowboy's breakup, Boyer continued playing music. He moved to Muscle Shoals, Alabama in 1988 and continued playing in a band called the Decoys until his death in 2018.

Tommy Talton
Tommy Talton (January 9, 1949 – December 28, 2023) was an American guitarist who was a member of the rock groups Cowboy and We the People. He was also noted for playing and recording with Gregg Allman, Paul Butterfield, the Allman Brothers Band, Bonnie Bramlett, Clarence Carter, Corky Laing, Billy Joe Shaver, Dickey Betts, Kitty Wells, Martin Mull and Johnny Rivers.
Karl Otto Götz
Karl Otto Götz (22 February 1914 – 19 August 2017), often simply called K.O. Götz, was a German artist, filmmaker, draughtsman, printmaker, writer and professor of art at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. He was one of the oldest living and active artists older than 100 years of age and is best remembered for his explosive and complex abstract forms. His powerful, surrealist-inspired works earned him international recognition in exhibitions like documenta II in 1959. Götz never confined himself to one specific style or artistic field. He also explored generated abstract forms through television art. Götz is one of the most important members of the German Art Informel movement. His works and teachings influenced future artists such as Sigmar Polke, Nam June Paik and Gerhard Richter. He lived in Wolfenacker from 1975 until his death.

Sigmar Polke
Sigmar Polke (13 February 1941 – 10 June 2010) was a German painter and photographer. Polke experimented with a wide range of styles, subject matters and materials. In the 1970s, he concentrated on photography, returning to paint in the 1980s, when he produced abstract works created by chance through chemical reactions between paint and other products. In the last 20 years of his life, he produced paintings focused on his perception of historical events.
Zero-configuration networking
Zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) is a set of technologies that automatically creates a usable computer network based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) when computers or network peripherals are interconnected. It does not require manual operator intervention or special configuration servers. Without zeroconf, a network administrator must set up network services, such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS), or configure each computer's network settings manually.

Zeroconf is built on three core technologies: automatic assignment of numeric network addresses for networked devices, automatic distribution and resolution of computer hostnames, and automatic location of network services, such as printing devices.

Service discovery
Service discovery is the process of automatically detecting devices and services on a computer network. It aims to reduce the manual configuration effort required from users and administrators. A service discovery protocol (SDP) is a network protocol that helps accomplish service discovery.

Service discovery requires a common language to allow software agents to make use of one another's services without the need for continuous user intervention.
BMW F series parallel-twin
The BMW F series is a family of parallel-twin engine dual-sport motorcycles manufactured in Berlin, Germany by BMW Motorrad.  Launched in 2008, the range comprises the  F650GS, F700GS, F800GS, and F800GSA.  In 2012, the F700GS replaced the discontinued F650GS, and in 2013, the F800GSA was introduced with a 24-litre (5.3 imp gal; 6.3 US gal) fuel tank and a larger front fairing and screen. The F800GT and F800S both have belt drive.

BMW F800GT
The BMW F800GT is a sport touring motorcycle manufactured by BMW Motorrad from 2013 through 2020. It is the successor to the F800ST, and joins the F-series range which includes the dual-sport F800GS and F700GS, and the naked F800R.
Pearly Tan
Pearly Tan Koong Le ASK (Chinese: 陳康樂; pinyin: Chén Kānglè; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Khong-lo̍k; born 14 March 2000) is a Malaysian badminton player. She and her partner Thinaah Muralitharan won the women's doubles silver medals at the 2025 World Championships and reached the women's doubles semi-finals at the 2024 Summer Olympics. They also won gold medals in both the women's doubles and the mixed team events at the 2022 Commonwealth Games as well as in the women's doubles event at the 2025 SEA Games. They became the first ever Malaysian World Championship medalists and Olympic semi-finalists in the women's doubles event. Their results at the World Championships and the Olympic Games made them the most successful Malaysian badminton women's doubles pair in the history.

Thinaah Muralitharan
Thinaah Muralitharan BKS (born 3 January 1998) is a Malaysian badminton player. She and her partner Pearly Tan won the women's doubles silver medals at the 2025 World Championships and reached the women's doubles semi-finals at the 2024 Summer Olympics. They also won gold medals in both the women's doubles and the mixed team events at the 2022 Commonwealth Games as well as in the women's doubles event at the 2025 SEA Games. They became the first ever Malaysian World Championship medalists and Olympic semi-finalists in the women's doubles event. Their results at the World Championships and the Olympic Games made them the most successful Malaysian badminton women's doubles pair in the history.
1877 Saint Barthélemy status referendum
A referendum on re-integration into France was held in the Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy in October 1877. The island had been a colonial possession of Sweden since Sweden acquired it from France in 1784, but the unprofitability of the island led to Sweden to attempt to sell it. France bought the island from the Swedish and the referendum, in which only one person voted against the proposal, supported the transfer.

Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy
The Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy existed for nearly a century. In 1784, one of French king Louis XVI's ministers ceded Saint Barthélemy to Sweden in exchange for trading rights in the Swedish port of Gothenburg. Swedish rule lasted until 1878 when the French repurchased the island.
Office for Life Sciences
The Office for Life Sciences (OLS) is part of the British government. The organisation supports the delivery of the UK Government's life sciences and innovation policy by connecting decision making across government. Informed by productive engagement with industry, the OLS promotes research, innovation, and technology within government for the improvement of healthcare.

The office sits across the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Department of Health and Social Care, reporting to the Minister for Science, Research and Innovation and the Minister for Health and Secondary Care. The work of the OLS is held to account by the UK Parliament, including the Science, Innovation and Technology Select Committee, and the Health and Social Care Select Committee.

Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) is a ministerial department of the government of the United Kingdom. It was established on 7 February 2023 by a cabinet reshuffle under the Rishi Sunak premiership.

The department took on policy responsibilities from the former Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. The new department is responsible for helping to encourage, develop and manage the UK's scientific, research, and technological outputs. DSIT is also responsible for managing the necessary physical and digital infrastructure and regulation to support the British economy, UK public services, national security, and wider UK Government priorities.

The department is led by the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, supported by a number of junior ministers, and senior civil servants. The incumbent secretary of state is Liz Kendall.
'Masenate Mohato Seeiso
'Masenate Mohato Seeiso (born Anna Karabo Motšoeneng, June 2, 1976) is Queen of Lesotho as the wife of King Letsie III of Lesotho. She was the first commoner in modern history to marry into the royal family of Lesotho. Since becoming queen, she has become the patron of several charities and has worked to promote the work of projects related to HIV/AIDS.

Letsie III
Letsie III (born Mohato Bereng Seeiso; 17 July 1963) is King of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Bereng Seeiso Moshoeshoe II, who was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but died in a car crash in early 1996, so Letsie succeeded him again for a second reign. As a constitutional monarch, most of King Letsie's duties as monarch of Lesotho are ceremonial. In 2000, he declared HIV/AIDS in Lesotho to be a natural disaster, prompting immediate national and international response to the epidemic.
Ixtapaluca
Ixtapaluca is a city and a municipality in the eastern part of the State of Mexico in Mexico. It lies between Mexico City and the western border of the state of Puebla. The name Ixtapaluca means "Where the salt gets wet".

As of 2006, Ixta included part of the world's largest habitational zone, along with Chalco and Neza.

Valle de Chalco
Valle de Chalco, officially named Valle de Chalco Solidaridad, is a municipality located in the State of Mexico, Mexico, on the eastern outskirts of the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Formerly part of the municipality of Chalco, it was split off as a separate entity in 1994, during the presidency of Salinas de Gortari, under his Programa Nacional de Solidaridad (National Solidarity Program). The municipality lies on the old bed of Lake Chalco, which was substantially drained in the nineteenth century. Technically, the municipal seat is Xico, after a high point of land that once formed an island, and now remains as a small hill within an otherwise monotonous, urban expanse. "Chalco" refers to the Chalca tribe, whose territory covered the area around the lake, prior to the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.

As of 2006, Chalco included part of the world's largest mega-slum, along with Ciudad Nezahualcoyotl and Ixtapaluca.
Jordanne Whiley
Jordanne Joyce Whiley MBE (born 11 June 1992) is a British retired wheelchair tennis player. Aged 14, she became Britain's youngest ever national women's singles champion in wheelchair tennis. She has osteogenesis imperfecta as does her father, Keith, who was also a Paralympian and won a bronze medal in 1984 in New York. As well as the 2015 US Open in wheelchair singles, Whiley has won 9 Grand Slam doubles titles, and she & Japanese Yui Kamiji are the fourth team in women's wheelchair doubles (as well as the most recent players) to complete the Calendar Year Grand Slam.
Whiley was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2015 Queens Birthday Honours list for services to wheelchair tennis.

Yui Kamiji
Yui Kamiji (上地 結衣, Kamiji Yui; born 24 April 1994 in Akashi, Hyōgo Prefecture) is a Japanese professional wheelchair tennis player. She has won 33 major titles, as well as a Paralympic silver and bronze medal in singles and doubles, respectively, at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. She would later win gold in both at the 2024 Paris Paralympics. She also won a bronze medal in singles at the 2016 Rio Paralympics.

Partnering Jordanne Whiley, Kamiji achieved the Grand Slam in doubles in 2014, and also won the Wheelchair Tennis Masters in doubles. Kamiji is currently managed by Avex Group under its Avex Challenged Athletes program.
Renegade (BBS)
Renegade is a freeware bulletin board system (BBS) written for IBM PC-compatible computers running MS-DOS that gained popularity among hobbyist BBSes in the early to mid 1990s. It was originally written by Cott Lang in Turbo Pascal, optimized with assembly language, based on the source code of Telegard, which was in turn based on the earlier WWIV.

Telegard
Telegard is an early bulletin board system (BBS) software program written for IBM PC-compatible computers running MS-DOS and OS/2. Telegard was written in Pascal with routines written in C++ and assembly language, based on a copy of the WWIV source code.

Telegard has several features that make it attractive to BBS sysops, such as being free, having remote administration facilities built into the main program, and the ability to handle CD-ROMs internally. Telegard is still viable today as it can accept telnet connections by using a virtual modem/FOSSIL set up such as NetSerial, a virtual modem driver, and NetFoss, a freeware FOSSIL driver, both for Windows.
Xiao Gongqin
Xiao Gongqin (born September 1945; simplified Chinese: 萧功秦; traditional Chinese: 蕭功秦; pinyin: Xiāo Gōngqín) is a Chinese historian and leading exponent of neoauthoritarianism. A professor at Shanghai Normal University, Xiao's historical research has focused on the period between the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China. From 1989 onwards, Xiao became involved in the debate over China's reform process, arguing for incremental reform based on China's particular national character and the replacement of Marxism by Chinese nationalism.

Conservatism in China
Conservatism in China (simplified Chinese: 保守主义; traditional Chinese: 保守主義; pinyin: bǎoshǒu zhǔyì) emphasizes authority and meritocracy stemming from Confucian values, and economically, aims for state capitalism rather than free markets. Many Chinese conservatives reject original sin, empiricism, individualism or classical liberal principles and differ from modern Western conservatism because Chinese conservatism believes in the innate goodness of man, and has a strong rationalist and communitarian element. A major concern of modern Chinese conservatism is the preservation of traditional Chinese culture.
Alone, Pt. II
"Alone, Pt. II" is a song by Norwegian DJ and record producer Alan Walker and American singer-songwriter Ava Max, released by Sony Music on 27 December 2019. It is a sequel to Walker's single "Alone" (2016). Many remixes of the song were published, among which those by Rave Republic, Toby Romeo, RetroVision, Da Tweekaz, and one by Alex Skrindo, in collaboration with Sebastian Wibe. Much like the original, "Alone, Pt. II" also garnered critical acclaim. The song reached the top 10 in Belgium, The Czech Republic, Norway, Poland, and Romania. A sequel to the song titled "Better Off (Alone, Pt. III)" was released on 28 September 2023.

Alone (Alan Walker song)
"Alone" is a song by Norwegian DJ and record producer Alan Walker. Incorporating uncredited vocals provided by Swedish singer Noonie Bao, it was released commercially for digital download on 2 December 2016. Two sequels to the song were released: "Alone, Pt. II" (2019) and "Better Off (Alone, Pt. III)" (2023). The song garnered critical acclaim upon release.