hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fuyot Springs National Park
Fuyot Springs National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located in the mountain slopes of Barangay Santa Victoria in Ilagan City, Isabela, 405 kilometers northeast from Manila. The park, which also contains the Ilagan Sanctuary, is 819 hectares in area and extends to the nearby municipality of Tumauini. It was established in 1938 through Proclamation No. 327.

The park is a popular draw for hikers, mountaineers, spelunkers and birdwatchers who come to explore its mountain trails, caves, odd rock formations and aviary. Adjacent to the park lies the larger Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park which contains even more diverse wildlife. The Pinzal Falls is another major draw inside the park and provides relaxation to visitors aside from the park's many natural mountain springs.

Ilagan
Ilagan, officially the City of Ilagan (Ibanag: Siudad nat Ilagan; Ilocano: Siudad ti Ilagan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Ilagan), is a  component city and capital of the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 164,020 people, making it the most populous city in the province and the second most-populous in Cagayan Valley after Tuguegarao. As of 2025, it also had the highest number of voters in the province, with 105,526 voters.

It is dubbed as the corn capital of the Philippines, and the home of the country's largest armchair locally known as butaka.
Peter Schermerhorn
Peter Schermerhorn (October 1, 1749 – January 28, 1826) was an American merchant and landowner in New York City.  He was the father of Abraham Schermerhorn and the paternal grandfather of Caroline Schermerhorn Astor.

Abraham Schermerhorn
Abraham Schermerhorn (April 9, 1783 – February 3, 1850) was an American merchant in New York City, who was also prominent in social affairs. He was the father of Caroline Schermerhorn Astor, who married William Backhouse Astor Jr. of the Astor family.
Minimum-cost spanning tree game
A minimum-cost spanning-tree game (MCST game) is a kind of a cooperative game. In an MCST game, each player is a node in a complete graph. The graph contains an additional node - the supply node - denoted by s. The goal of the players is that all of them will be connected by a path to s. To this end, they need to construct a spanning tree. Each edge in the graph has a cost, and the players build the minimum cost spanning tree. The question then arises, how to allocate the cost of this MCST among the players?

The solution offered by cooperative game theory is to consider the cost of each potential coalition - each subset of the players. The cost of each coalition S is the minimum cost of a spanning tree connecting only the nodes in S to the supply node s. The value of S is minus the cost of S. Using these definitions, various solution concepts from cooperative game theory can be applied. MCST games were introduced by Bird in 1976.

Cooperative game theory
In game theory, a cooperative or coalitional game is a game with groups of players who form binding "coalitions" with external enforcement of cooperative behavior (e.g. through contract law). This is different from non-cooperative games in which there is either no possibility to forge alliances or all agreements need to be self-enforcing (e.g. through credible threats).

Cooperative games are analysed by focusing on coalitions that can be formed, and the joint actions that groups can take and the resulting collective payoffs.
Ewell Hall
Ewell Hall is an academic building on the campus of the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. The building was constructed in 1925–1926 on what is now Old Campus, across from Tucker Hall on the Sunken Garden. It was originally named Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall for Phi Beta Kappa, an honor society founded at the College of William & Mary and the oldest such society in the United States. John D. Rockefeller Jr. attended the hall's 1926 dedication; during this visit, W. A. R. Goodwin convinced Rockefeller to participate in a restoration program that became Colonial Williamsburg.

After a severe fire destroyed the auditorium portion of the building in 1953, a new Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall was opened in 1956. The building was renamed Ewell Hall for Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, a 19th-century president of the college, in 1957 and has hosted the music department the College of Arts & Sciences administrative offices.

Tucker Hall
St. George Tucker Hall is an academic building on the campus of the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. Built in 1908–1909 from a design by Cady & See, it was William & Mary's first freestanding library and sits on what is now known as Old Campus. It is an early example of Colonial Revival architecture in Williamsburg that predated the Colonial Williamsburg restoration and reconstruction efforts. A 1928 expansion of Tucker Hall was designed by Charles M. Robinson, with a further renovation performed in 2009. The building is now named for St. George Tucker, who taught at the college. A statue of James Monroe, a U.S. president and alumnus of the college, was installed in front the hall in 2015.
St. Louis–San Francisco Railway
The St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (reporting mark SLSF), commonly known as the "Frisco", was a railroad that operated in the Midwest and South Central United States from 1876 to November 21, 1980. At the end of 1970, it operated 4,547 miles (7,318 km) of road on 6,574 miles (10,580 km) of track, not including subsidiaries Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railway and the Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Railroad.  That year, it reported 12,795 million ton-miles of revenue freight and no passengers. In 1980 it was purchased by and absorbed into the Burlington Northern Railroad.  Despite its name, it never came close to San Francisco.

Burlington Northern Railroad
The Burlington Northern Railroad (reporting mark BN) was an American–based class 1 railroad company formed from a merger of four major U.S. railroads. Burlington Northern operated between March 2, 1970 and December 31, 1996.

Its historical lineage begins in the earliest days of railroading with the chartering in 1848 of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, a direct ancestor line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which lends Burlington, from Burlington, Iowa, to the names of various merger-produced successors.

Burlington Northern acquired the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 31, 1996, to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (later renamed BNSF Railway), which was owned by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. That corporation was purchased in 2009 by Berkshire Hathaway, which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett.
Flora (mythology)
Flora (Latin: Flōra) is a Roman goddess of flowers and spring. She was one of the twelve deities of traditional Roman religion who had their own flamen, the Floralis, one of the flamines minores. Her association with spring gave her particular importance at the coming of springtime, as did her role as goddess of youth. She is  one of several fertility goddesses and a relatively minor figure in Roman mythology. Her Greek counterpart is Chloris.

Chloris (nymph)
In Greek mythology, Chloris (/ˈklɔːrɪs/; Ancient Greek: Χλῶρις, romanized: Khlōrís, from χλωρός chlōrós, meaning "greenish-yellow", "pale green", "pale", "pallid", or "fresh") was a minor nymph who was associated with spring, flowers and new growth, believed to have dwelt in the Elysian Fields.

Chloris is the equivalent of the Roman goddess Flora, a deity presiding over fertility and vegetation.
The Junction (Vancouver)
The Junction Public House, also known as The Junction Pub and most often abridged as The Junction, is a gay bar and nightclub in Davie Village, Vancouver, British Columbia. The club was formerly known as Pulse.

Davie Village
Davie Village (also known as Davie District or simply Davie Street) is a neighbourhood in the West End of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is the home of the city's LGBT subculture, and, as such, is often considered a gay village, or gaybourhood. Davie Village is centred on Davie Street and roughly includes the area between Burrard and Jervis streets. Davie Street—and, by extension, the Village—is named in honour of A.E.B. Davie, eighth Premier of British Columbia from 1887 to 1889; A.E.B's brother Theodore was also Premier, from 1892 to 1895.
Saint Paul Seminary
The Saint Paul Seminary (SPS) is a Catholic major seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota.  A part of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, SPS prepares men to enter the priesthood and permanent diaconate, and educates lay men and women on Catholic theology.

SPS sits adjacent to the south campus of the University of St. Thomas. Since its creation in 1894, over 3,000 seminarians from SPS have been ordained priests.  Thirty-three of these priests were consecrated as bishops, including three archbishops. One SPS alumnus,  Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen, is a candidate for canonization.

University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)
The University of St. Thomas (also known as UST, simply St. Thomas or University of St. Thomas, Minnesota) is a private Catholic research university with campuses in Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1885 as a Catholic seminary, it is named after Thomas Aquinas, the medieval Catholic theologian, philosopher, and patron saint of students. As of fall 2021, St. Thomas enrolled 9,347 students, making it Minnesota's largest private, nonprofit university.
HMS Badger (shore establishment)
HMS Badger was a shore establishment of the Royal Navy on the east coast of the United Kingdom. She was commissioned on 13 September 1939, and was the flagship of the headquarters of the Flag Officer in Charge (FOIC), Harwich who was responsible to Commander-in-Chief, The Nore. She was decommissioned on 21 October 1946, although the Operations Room remained as the Emergency Port Control for the Harwich area. The site was Parkeston Quay, now Harwich International Port, and the bunker lies under Hamilton House, currently an occupational health centre, close to the entrance to Harwich International Port, a few miles west of Harwich.

Parkeston, Essex
Parkeston /ˈpɑːrkstən/ is a North Sea port village in Essex, England, situated on the south bank of the River Stour about one mile (1.6 km) up-river from Harwich. In 2018 it had an estimated population of 932.
Second Battle of Edea
The Second Battle of Edea was the German counter-attack against French forces stationed in the village of Edea during the Kamerun campaign of the First World War. Allied forces from Duala occupied the town following the First Battle of Edea in October 1914. The Germans, eager to retake the position attacked on 5 January 1915 but were repulsed by the French force.

First Battle of Edea
The First Battle of Edea involved the British and French assault on German forces stationed in the village of Edea during the Kamerun campaign of the First World War. Allied forces from Duala launched their advance on 20 October. Following stiff resistance along the southern railway line between Duala and Edea, German forces withdrew from the town to Jaunde, allowing Allied troops to finally occupy Edea on 26 October 1914.
SN 1992bd
SN 1992bd was a type II supernova event in NGC 1097,  positioned some 1.5″ east and 9″ south of the galactic nucleus. It was discovered by astronomers Chris Smith and Lisa Wells on October 12, 1992. Spectra of the object collected October 17 showed it to have an expansion velocity of 7,500 km/s. Subsequent examination of archival images from the Hubble Space Telescope showed an image of the supernova had been captured on September 20, 1992, 12 days prior to its discovery with ground-based telescopes. The eruption occurred in the circumnuclear star-forming region of the galaxy.

NGC 1097
NGC 1097 (also known as Caldwell 67) is a barred spiral galaxy about 45 million light years away in the constellation Fornax.  It was discovered by William Herschel on 9 October 1790. It is a severely interacting galaxy with obvious tidal debris and distortions caused by interaction with the companion galaxy NGC 1097A.
Ramsay family
The Ramsay family is a fictional family from the Australian soap opera Neighbours. The family were one of three central families created by Reg Watson and introduced in the first episode of Neighbours in March 1985. Watson wanted the Ramsays to be humorous and rougher than the Robinson family. Ramsay Street, a cul-de-sac which is the central setting of the series, is named after the family. In 2001, the last Ramsay, Madge (Anne Charleston), departed the series. Eight years later, a new generation of the Ramsay family was introduced.

Madge Bishop
Madge Bishop (also  Ramsay and Mitchell) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Anne Charleston. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 January 1986. Madge was introduced as the sister of original character Max Ramsay (Francis Bell). She soon becomes the main matriarch of the Ramsay family. Madge arrives with her marriage in tatters, following a brief but passionate affair with Raymond Philips, her son in prison, and her daughter a runaway teen; she rolled up her sleeves and got a job in The Waterhole to support the family as a single mother. She departed on 27 November 1992, before making a return on 7 November 1996. Madge died on 6 April 2001 from terminal pancreatic cancer. Charleston reprised the role for the show's 30th anniversary celebrations from 4 to 20 March 2015, and for the intended finale on 28 July 2022.
Lavalleja Department
Lavalleja (Spanish pronunciation: [laβaˈʝexa]; locally [laβaˈʒexa, -ʃexa]) is a department of Uruguay. Its capital is Minas. It is located in the southeast of the country, bordered to the north by the department of Treinta y Tres to the east with Rocha, to the south with Canelones and Maldonado, and to the west to Florida.

The department is named in honor of Brigadier Juan Antonio Lavalleja, who had distinguished military and political action in the country's independence.

Canelones Department
The Departament de  Canelones  (Spanish: Departamento de Canelones) is one of the 19 Uruguayan departments. With an area of 4,536 km2 (1,751 sq mi) and 608,956 inhabitants at the 2023 Census, it is located in the south of Uruguay. Its capital is Canelones. Ciudad de la Costa is the largest city by total population and Las Piedras is the largest city with an official census.
Transgender Erotica Awards
The Transgender Erotica Awards, originally known as the Tranny Awards, are a group of movie awards presented annually in the United States recognizing performances and performers in the field of transgender pornography, with an emphasis on erotic photography and pornographic movies. Organized by adult industry production company Grooby Productions, the awards were first given in 2009. Citing a poor representation of transgender performers and producers in mainstream adult awards ceremonies, the Transgender Erotica Awards were created to recognize achievement in the transgender adult industry.

The awards nominations are submitted from industry and fans from the transgender adult industry; the winners are voted for by a panel of judges, representing fans, producers, performers and professional critics.  Each year there is a different panel of judges.

Grooby Productions
Grooby Productions is a company founded in London, England in 1996 and operationally based in Los Angeles, California, that produces transgender online adult entertainment.  It established itself as one of the pioneer companies of online adult transgender entertainment with its website Grooby Girls, "the first transsexual pay site with original content". The company owns a number of transgender adult websites, produces its own DVD line, and has other interests in forums, blogs and social networking in the transsexual niche genre including the Transgender Erotica Awards.
2001 WUSA supplemental draft
The WUSA supplemental player draft, held before Women's United Soccer Association's initial 2001 season, distributed college players to the league's eight inaugural teams. The draft occurred on February 4, 2001.  This took place after each team had already been allocated three national team players, two foreign players and had each made 15 selections from the main draft held on December 10 and 11, 2000.

2000 WUSA draft
The 2000 WUSA draft, the Women's United Soccer Association's inaugural player draft held before their initial 2001 season, distributed players to the league's eight inaugural teams. The draft occurred on December 10 and 11, 2000.  This took place after each team was allocated three national team players and two foreign players.
Child, Youth and Family (New Zealand)
Child, Youth and Family (CYF; in Māori, Te Tari Awhina i te Tamaiti, te Rangatahi, tae atu ki te Whānau), was the government agency that had legal powers to intervene to protect and help children who are being abused or neglected or who have problem behaviour until it was replaced by a new Ministry for Vulnerable Children in April 2017.  CYF worked with the Police and the Courts in dealing with young offenders under the youth justice system.  It provided residential and care services for children in need of care and protection and for young offenders.  CYF assessed people who wished to adopt children and it reported to the Family Court on adoption applications. CYF facilitated the exchange of identifying information for parties to past adoptions. The agency also funded community organisations working with children, young people and their families to support the community's role in protecting and helping children.

Oranga Tamariki
Oranga Tamariki (OT), also known as the Ministry for Children and previously the Ministry for Vulnerable Children, is a government department in New Zealand responsible for the well-being of children, specifically children at risk of harm, youth offenders and children of the State. It is the successor agency of the former department, Child, Youth and Family (CYF).
Treaty of Turin (1860)
The Treaty of Turin (Italian: Trattato di Torino; French: Traité de Turin) concluded between France and Piedmont-Sardinia on 24 March 1860 is the instrument by which the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice were annexed to France, ending the centuries-old Italian rule of the region.

County of Nice
The County of Nice (French: Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois; Italian: Contea di Nizza / Paese Nizzardo; Niçard Occitan: Contèa de Niça / País Niçard) was a historical region of France and Italy located around the southeastern city of Nice and roughly equivalent to the modern arrondissement of Nice. It was part of the Savoyard state.
F-coalgebra
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, an -coalgebra is a structure defined according to a functor , with specific properties as defined below. For both algebras and coalgebras, a functor is a convenient and general way of organizing a signature.  This has applications in computer science: examples of coalgebras include lazy evaluation, infinite data structures, such as streams, and also transition systems.

-coalgebras are dual to -algebras.  Just as the class of all algebras for a given signature and equational theory form a variety, so does the class of all -coalgebras satisfying a given equational theory form a covariety, where the signature is given by .

Coalgebra
In mathematics, coalgebras or cogebras are structures that are dual (in the category-theoretic sense of reversing arrows) to unital associative algebras. The axioms of unital associative algebras can be formulated in terms of commutative diagrams. Turning all arrows around, one obtains the axioms of coalgebras.
Every coalgebra, by (vector space) duality, gives rise to an algebra, but not in general the other way. In finite dimensions, this duality goes in both directions (see below).

Coalgebras occur naturally in a number of contexts (for example, representation theory, universal enveloping algebras and group schemes).

There are also F-coalgebras, with important applications in computer science.
Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.  Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, "prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.)

Line (poetry)
A line is a unit of writing into which a poem or play is divided: literally, a single row of text.  The use of a line operates on principles which are distinct from and not necessarily coincident with grammatical structures, such as the sentence or single clauses in sentences. Although the word for a single poetic line is verse, that term now tends to be used to signify poetic form more generally. A line break is the termination of the line of a poem and the beginning of a new line.

The process of arranging words using lines and line breaks is known as lineation, and is one of the defining features of poetry. A distinct numbered group of lines in verse is normally called a stanza. A title, in certain poems, is considered a line.
Keeshond
The Keeshond (/ˈkeɪshɒnd/ KAYSS-hond, plur. Keeshonden) is a medium-sized dog with a plush, two-layer coat of silver and black fur with a ruff and a curled tail.  Their closest relatives are the German spitzes such as the Großspitz (Large Spitz), Mittelspitz (Medium Spitz), Kleinspitz (Miniature Spitz), Zwergspitz (Dwarf-Spitz) or Pomeranian.

The Keeshond was previously known as the Dutch Barge Dog, as it was frequently seen on barges traveling the canals and rivers of the Netherlands.  The Keeshond was the symbol of the Patriot faction in the Netherlands during political unrest in the years immediately preceding the French Revolution.

In the late 19th century, the breed was developed in England from imports obtained in both the Netherlands and Germany.  In 1930, the Keeshond was first registered with the American Kennel Club.

Spitz
The spitz (pronounced [ʃpɪts] ⓘ) is a type of domestic dog including between 50 and 70 breeds depending on classification. There is no precise definition of the type, but most spitz breeds have pricked ears, almond-shaped eyes, a pointed muzzle, a double coat, and a tail that curves over the back. The name derives from the German Spitz(hund), meaning "pointed (dog)", in reference to the shape of the muzzle.

Most of the spitzes seen today originate from the Arctic region or from Siberia. Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the type as Canis pomeranus  in his 1788 revision of Systema Naturae.
Jon Santacana
Jon Santacana Maiztegui (born 1 November 1980) is a Spanish B2 classified visually impaired para-alpine skier. His sighted ski guide is Miguel Galindo Garces. Santacana has competed at the IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships, in the European Cup and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, and Spanish national competitions.  He represented Spain at the 2002 Winter Paralympics, 2006 Winter Paralympics and 2010 Winter Paralympics, earning a gold medal and a pair of silver medals at the 2010 Games.

Miguel Galindo
Miguel Galindo Garcés is a Spanish alpine skier, and para-alpine sighted guide.  As Jon Santacana's guide, he competed at the 2002 Winter Paralympics where he earned three medals.  He also competed in the European Cup, the World Cup, the World Championships and a national team camp with Santacana.