hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marie of Luxembourg, Duchess of Penthièvre
Marie of Luxembourg (February 12, 1562 - September 6, 1623), Duchess of Penthièvre from 1569 to 1623, Princess of Martigues, was the daughter of Sebastien de Luxembourg, Duke of Penthièvre and Marie de Beaucaire. She is an important figure in the history of the Duchy of Brittany; a distant descendant of Joan of Penthièvre, Duchess of Brittany and her husband Charles of Blois, Duke of Brittany, she aspired to restore the sovereignty of the duchy, and to ascend to the throne with her husband Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, brother-in-law of King Henry III and Governor of Brittany. The victory of Henry IV prevented her from carrying out her project.

Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur
Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur and of Penthièvre (9 September 1558, in Nomeny, Meurthe-et-Moselle – 19 February 1602, in Nürnberg) was a French soldier, a prince of the Holy Roman Empire and a prominent member of the Catholic League, who fought for Breton political independence from the House of Bourbon.
Ryukyu Disposition
The Ryukyu Disposition (琉球処分, Ryūkyū shobun; Okinawan:Rūchū shubun), also called the Ryukyu Annexation (琉球併合, Ryūkyū heigō) or the annexation of Okinawa, was the political process during the early years of the Meiji period that saw the incorporation of the former Ryukyu Kingdom into the Empire of Japan as Okinawa Prefecture (i.e., one of Japan's "home" prefectures) and its decoupling from the Chinese tributary system. These processes began with the creation of the Ryukyu Domain in 1872 and culminated in the kingdom's annexation and final dissolution in 1879; immediate diplomatic fallout and consequent negotiations with Qing China, brokered by Ulysses S. Grant, effectively came to an end late the following year. The term is also sometimes used more narrowly in relation to the events and changes of 1879 alone. The Ryūkyū Disposition has been "alternatively characterized as aggression, annexation, national unification, or internal reform".

Ryukyu Domain
The Ryukyu Domain (琉球藩, Ryūkyū han) was a short-lived domain of the Empire of Japan, lasting from 1872 to 1879, and simultaneously a tributary state of the Qing Empire, until 1875, before being fully incorporated into Japan as the current Okinawa Prefecture and other islands at the Pacific edge of the East China Sea.

When the domain was created in 1872, Japan's feudal han system had developed in unique ways. The domain was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.  In other words, the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka, not land area. This was different from the feudalism of the West.
General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136
The General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136 was an afterburning turbofan engine being developed by General Electric, Allison Engine Company, and Rolls-Royce (Allison was subsequently acquired by Rolls-Royce) as an alternative powerplant to the Pratt & Whitney F135 for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. The two companies stopped work on the project in December 2011 after failing to gather Pentagon support for further development.

Pratt & Whitney F135
The Pratt & Whitney F135 is an afterburning turbofan developed for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, a single-engine strike fighter. It has two variants; a Conventional Take-Off and Landing (CTOL) variant used in the F-35A and F-35C, and a two-cycle Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (STOVL) variant used in the F-35B that includes a forward lift fan. The first production engines were delivered in 2009.

Developed from the Pratt & Whitney F119 engine used on the F-22 Raptor, the F135 produces around 28,000 lbf (125 kN) of thrust and 43,000 lbf (191 kN) with afterburner. The F135 competed with the General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136 to power the F-35.
Emerald ash borer
The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), also known by the abbreviation EAB, is a green buprestid or jewel beetle native to north-eastern Asia that feeds on ash species (Fraxinus spp.). Females lay eggs in bark crevices on ash trees, and larvae feed underneath the bark of ash trees to emerge as adults in one to two years. In its native range, it is typically found at low densities and does not cause significant damage to trees native to the area. Outside its native range, it is an invasive species and is highly destructive to ash trees native to Europe and North America. Before it was found in North America, very little was known about the emerald ash borer in its native range; this has resulted in much of the research on its biology being focused in North America. Local governments in North America are attempting to control it by monitoring its spread, diversifying tree species, and through the use of insecticides and biological control.

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Journal de Genève
The Journal de Genève (JdG) was a French-language Swiss newspaper founded in 1826. In 1991, the Gazette de Lausanne was merged into it, after which it was titled the Journal de Genève et Gazette de Lausanne. Following financial difficulties that faced both papers, it was merged in March 1998 with the Le Nouveau Quotidien to form Le Temps.

Le Temps
Le Temps (French pronunciation: [lə tɑ̃], lit. 'The Time') is a Swiss French-language daily newspaper published in Berliner format in Geneva by Le Temps SA. The paper was launched in 1998, formed out of the merger of two other newspapers, Journal de Genève et Gazette de Lausanne and Le Nouveau Quotidien (the former being a merger of two other papers), as those papers were facing financial problems.

It is the sole nationwide French-language non-specialised daily newspaper of Switzerland. Since 2021, it has been owned by Fondation Aventinus, a not-for-profit organisation. Le Temps is considered a newspaper of record in Switzerland.
Delicious Party Pretty Cure
Delicious Party Pretty Cure (Japanese: デリシャスパーティ♡プリキュア, Hepburn: Derishasu Pāti♡Purikyua; stylized as Delicious Party♡Precure) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation Creativity Entertprises & Affirmative Animation and the nineteenth installment in the Pretty Cure franchise. Directed by Toshinori Fukazawa and written by Sawako Hirabayashi, it premiered on ANN on February 6, 2022, succeeding Tropical-Rouge! PreCure's time slot, and aired until January 29, 2023. The series' main themes are cuisine, cooking, gratitude, and sharing, and it is the second series to use food as its main motif after Kirakira PreCure a la Mode. It was succeeded by Soaring Sky! PreCure on February 5, 2023. A film, Delicious Party Pretty Cure: Dreaming Children's Lunch!, was released in cinemas in Japan on September 23, 2022, and on Blu-ray and DVD on January 25, 2023.

Soaring Sky! Pretty Cure
Soaring Sky! Pretty Cure (Japanese: ひろがるスカイ！プリキュア, Hepburn: Hirogaru Sukai! Purikyua; "Hirogaru Sky! Precure") is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation. It is the twentieth installment in the Pretty Cure franchise and was released in commemoration of the franchise's 20th anniversary. Koji Ogawa serves as the series' chief director, with Ryunosuke Kingetsu as head writer, Atsushi Saitō as character designer, and Hajime Watanabe as sub-character designer. It began airing on all ANN stations in Japan from February 5, 2023, to January 28, 2024, succeeding Delicious Party Pretty Cure's timeslot. It was succeeded by Wonderful Pretty Cure! on February 4, 2024. The series theme is "heroism", and its motif is the sky.
Sexual violence in the Algerian War
Sexual violence in the Algerian War was committed by the French Army against both FLN/ALN members and Algerian civilians. Victims included men, women, and even children. In contrast to torture, which has been extensively documented and studied by historians, sexual violence has remained for a long time a taboo subject, for both Algerian and French sides. It was not until the early 2000s that the subject was approached by historians and journalists. This effort has been limited by the scarcity of archives related to sexual violence, as well as the lack of testimonials of either the victims or the authors of crimes.

Torture during the Algerian War
Elements from the French Armed Forces used deliberate torture during the Algerian War (1954–1962), creating an ongoing public controversy. Pierre Vidal-Naquet, a renowned French historian, estimated that there were "hundreds of thousands of instances of torture" by the French military in Algeria.
Des Fitzgerald
Desmond Fitzgerald (born 20 December 1957 in Dublin) is a former Irish rugby union international player who played for the Irish national rugby union team. He played as a prop forward.
He played for the Ireland team from 1984 to 1992, winning 34 caps, after making his debut in February 1984 against England in a 12–9 defeat at Twickenham. 
He played in two Rugby World Cups: 1987 and 1991.
He is the father of Irish International rugby player Luke Fitzgerald.

Des was also an excellent GAA football player and he won a schools final while playing for De La Salle Rathfarnham National School in Croke Park in 1968.

His son Luke is also a former Irish rugby union player who played as a winger or fullback for Leinster Rugby and Ireland national rugby union team.

Luke Fitzgerald
Luke Matthew Fitzgerald (born 13 September 1987) is a former rugby union player. He played at winger or fullback for Leinster. He retired in June 2016.  Having previously studied at Blackrock College he won two Leinster Schools Senior Cups, in 2004 and 2006. He won his first cap for Ireland in November 2006. Fitzgerald earned the nickname "Pivot" from Leinster and Irish rugby fans due to his exciting runs and sidesteps from broken play.

On 28 June 2016, Fitzgerald announced his retirement from professional rugby.
He had suffered a neck injury in the 2016 Pro12 Final and had been advised to retire on medical grounds.
NAIDOC Awards
The NAIDOC Awards are annual Australian awards conferred on Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals during the national celebration of the history, culture and achievements of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples known as NAIDOC Week. The name is derived from the National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee.

NAIDOC Week
NAIDOC Week (/ˈneɪdɒk/ NAY-dok) is an Australian observance lasting from the first Sunday in July until the following Sunday. The acronym NAIDOC stands for National Aboriginal and Islanders Day Observance Committee. NAIDOC Week has its roots in the 1938 Day of Mourning, becoming a week-long event in 1975.

NAIDOC Week celebrates the history, culture, and achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. The week is observed not just by Indigenous Australian communities but also by government agencies, schools, local councils, and workplaces.

In 1984, NADOC (the forerunner of NAIDOC) requested that National Aboriginal Day be made a national public holiday to help celebrate and recognise the rich cultural history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia.  There is no national public holiday in NAIDOC Week, but there have been calls by some Indigenous leaders to create one.
Bruce Castor
Bruce Lee Castor Jr. (born October 24, 1961) is an American lawyer and former Republican politician from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. He was appointed as the first Solicitor General of Pennsylvania in March 2016, and also first deputy attorney general the following July. Castor became acting attorney general less than a month later. He investigated the Penn State fraternity hazing scandal and led for the defense of the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump along with lawyers William J Brennan, David I. Schoen, and Michael T. van der Veen.

David Schoen
David Schoen (born December 27, 1958) is an American attorney specializing in federal criminal defense and civil rights law. He was one of the attorneys who represented former president Donald Trump during his second impeachment trial in the United States Senate.
Fukagawa Matsuri
Fukagawa Matsuri (深川祭, Fukagawa Matsuri; formerly 深川八幡祭 Fukagawa Hachiman Matsuri) or the Fukagawa Festival, is one of the three great Shinto festivals of Tokyo, along with the Kanda Matsuri and Sannō Matsuri.

The Fukagawa Matsuri is held annually in mid-August by the Tomioka Hachiman Shrine in Koto, Tokyo. Tomioka Hachimangu, also known as Tomioka Yawata shrine, is Fukagawa's greatest shinto shrine, and was established in 1627. The festival, is believed to date back to 1642, and is one of the three greatest festivals of Edo, together with Sanno Matsuri of Kojimachi Hie Shrine and Kanda Matsuri of Kanda Shrine.

Sannō Matsuri
Sannō Matsuri (山王祭) or the Sannō Festival, is a major Shinto festival in Tokyo, along with the Fukagawa Matsuri and Kanda Matsuri. The Festival takes place annually in mid-June, but involves a procession called Shinkosai in even-numbered years only; annual celebrations encompass a number of activities and celebrations over a week, including the day-long Shinkosai (also called Jinkosai) parade through Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo.
2024 Oregon House of Representatives election
The 2024 Oregon House of Representatives elections were held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024. Primary elections were held on Tuesday, May 21, 2024. All of the 60 seats of the Oregon House of Representatives were to be elected. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including for State Senate, as part of the 2024 Oregon elections. Democrats gained one seat, earning a three-fifths supermajority for the first time since the 2020 House election.

2024 Oregon State Senate election
The 2024 Oregon State Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Oregon on November 5, 2024, to elect 15 of the 30 members of the State Senate to the 83rd Oregon Legislature.

Primary elections were held in several districts on May 21, 2024. The election coincided with the election of the other house of the Legislative Assembly, the Oregon House of Representatives, and other elections.

The Democrats regained the three-fifths supermajority in the Senate they had lost in the 2022 elections.
Fiat 500
The Fiat 500 (Italian: Cinquecento, pronounced [ˌtʃiŋkweˈtʃɛnto]) is an economy / city car that was manufactured and marketed by Fiat Automobiles from 1957 until 1975. It was sold as a two-door semi-convertible or saloon car and as a three-door panel van or estate car.

Launched as the Nuova (new) 500 in July 1957, as a successor to the 500 "Topolino", it was an inexpensive and practical small car. Measuring 2,970 mm (9 ft 9 in) long, originally powered by a rear-mounted 479 cc two-cylinder air-cooled engine, the 500 was 245 mm (9.6 in) smaller than the Fiat's 600, launched two years earlier, and is considered one of the first purpose-designed city cars.

In 1959, Dante Giacosa received a Compasso d'Oro industrial design prize for the Fiat 500. This marked the first time a Compasso d’Oro was awarded to an automotive manufacturer.

Fiat 500 "Topolino"
The Fiat 500, commonly known as "Topolino" (pronounced [topoˈliːno]), is an Italian city car produced and manufactured by Fiat from 1936 to 1955.

The name Topolino is Italian for 'little mouse', and is also the Italian name for Mickey Mouse.
Tennessee State Route 43
State Route 43 (SR 43) is a south to north highway in Tennessee that is 56.79 miles (91.39 km) long. It begins in Madison County and ends in Obion County. State Route 43 is little-known by the general public by this designation as it is overlain by U.S. Route 45E for most of its length; the "43" designation is seen largely on mileposts.  Two short sections of this route at Martin and South Fulton is fully signed. SR 43 from its southern terminus to Milan is designated as a Strategic Highway Network connector route servicing the Milan Arsenal.

U.S. Route 45E
U.S. Route 45E (US 45E)  is a 61.23-mile-long (98.54 km) state highway in West Tennessee, connecting Jackson with South Fulton via Milan and Martin. For the majority of its length, it runs concurrently with unsigned State Route 43 (SR 43) for most of that highway’s length except for short segments at Martin and South Fulton, where it is cosigned with SR 216 and SR 215, respectively.
William Archer Porter Tait
William Archer Porter Tait FRSE FRMS MICE (1866–1929) was a 19th/20th century Scottish civil engineer, and part of the Guthrie Tait dynasty. He was Vice President of the Institute of Civil Engineers in 1929.

Peter Guthrie Tait
Peter Guthrie Tait FRSE (28 April 1831 – 4 July 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist and early pioneer in thermodynamics. He is best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Lord Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory.

His work on knot theory contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline. His name is known in graph theory mainly for Tait's conjecture on cubic graphs. He is also one of the namesakes of the Tait–Kneser theorem on osculating circles.
Abkhaz Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The First Secretary of the Abkhaz regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the SSR Abkhazia (1921–1931) and the Abkhaz ASSR (1931–1991) in the Georgian SSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created on February 14, 1921, and abolished in 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Abkhaz ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Georgian SSR. It came into existence in February 1931, when the Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (SSR Abkhazia or SSRA), originally created in March 1921, was transformed  to the status of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Georgian SSR.

The Abkhaz ASSR adopted its own constitution on 2 August 1937. The supreme organ of legislative power was the Supreme Soviet elected every 4 years and its Presidium. The executive power was vested with the Council of Ministers appointed by the Supreme Soviet. The Abkhaz ASSR had 11 representatives in the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Mircea (ship)
Mircea is a three-masted barque, built in 1938 in Hamburg by the Blohm & Voss shipyard as a training vessel for the Romanian Navy.  Her design is based on the successful plans of Gorch Fock; the last of a series of four sister ships. The ship is named after the Wallachian Voivode, Mircea the Elder. After World War II she was temporarily taken over by the USSR, but later returned to Romania. In 1966, she was overhauled by Blohm & Voss.

Gorch Fock (1933)
Gorch Fock I (ex Tovarishch, ex Gorch Fock) is a German three-mast barque, the first of a series built as school ships for the German Reichsmarine in 1933.

After World War II she was taken as war reparations by the Soviet Union and renamed Tovarishch.
In the 1990s she spent a short period under the Ukrainian flag and a prolonged stay in British ports due to lack of funds for necessary repairs.

After being acquired by sponsors, she sailed to her original home port of Stralsund where her original name of Gorch Fock was restored on 29 November 2003. She now serves as a museum ship, and extensive repairs were carried out in 2008.

In 1958 the Federal German government built a replacement training ship which is still in service, also named Gorch Fock.
Thoppumpady Harbour Bridge
Thoppumpady harbour Bridge, also known as Mattanchery Bridge or Thoppumpady old Bridge is a bridge in Thoppumpady, Kochi, Kerala, India. Earlier known as Cochin Harbour Bridge, it connects the Kochi's western mainland to Willingdon Island. A new bridge was constructed in 1998; succeeding this bridge, which is now known as the Thoppumpady BOT Bridge. The old bridge, which is a landmark of Kochi is now preserved as a heritage monument and carries only two and three wheelers.

The new Mattanchery bridge is the first Build-Operate-Transfer bridge in Kerala. It was built as a joint project of the Government of Kerala, the Greater Cochin Development Authority and Gammon India.

Thoppumpady BOT Bridge
Thoppumpady BOT Bridge, also known as Thoppumpady new Bridge is a bridge in Thoppumpady, Kochi, Kerala, India. It connects the Kochi's western mainland to Willingdon Island. The new bridge was constructed in 1998; succeeding the old bridge of the same name, which is now known as the Thoppumpady Harbour Bridge, built in 1940. The old bridge, which is a landmark of Kochi is now preserved as a heritage monument and carries only two and three wheelers.

The new Thoppumpady bridge is the first Build-Operate-Transfer bridge in Kerala. It was built as a joint project of the Government of Kerala, the Greater Cochin Development Authority and Gammon India.
University of Wales, Lampeter
University of Wales, Lampeter (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru, Llanbedr Pont Steffan) was a university in Lampeter, Wales. Founded in 1822, and incorporated by royal charter in 1828, it was the oldest degree awarding institution in Wales, with limited degree awarding powers since 1852. It was a self-governing college of the University of Wales from 1972 until its merger  (under its 1828 charter) with Trinity University College in 2010 to form the University of Wales Trinity Saint David.

The university was founded as St David's College (Coleg Dewi Sant), becoming St David's University College (Coleg Prifysgol Dewi Sant) in 1971, when it became part of the federal University of Wales. With fewer than 2,000 students on campus, it was often claimed to be one of the smallest public universities in Europe.

University of Wales Trinity Saint David
The University of Wales Trinity Saint David (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant) is a public university with campuses in Carmarthen, Swansea, Cardiff, Birmingham and London.

The university came into existence through the merger of the two oldest higher education institutions in Wales, the University of Wales, Lampeter (UWL) and Trinity University College (TUC) in 2010, under Lampeter's royal charter of 1828. In 2011, it was announced that the University of Wales would also merge into Trinity Saint David. On 1 August 2013 the university merged with Swansea Metropolitan University. King Charles III  has been patron of the university since 2011. The Vice-Chancellor has been Elwen Evans since June 2023.

The university also collaborated with the University of Malaya in 2013 to establish University of Malaya-Wales, a private university in Malaysia.