hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fulham Roads Act 1749
The Fulham Roads Act 1749 (23 Geo. 2. c. 10) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which extended for an additional 21 years the Fulham Roads Act 1730 (4 Geo. 2. c. 34) for the charging of tolls at turnpikes along specified roads in the parishes of Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham in the county of Middlesex.

The act became obsolete in May 1773 when the continuation of the Fulham Roads Act 1730 (4 Geo. 2. c. 34) came to an end. The act was repealed by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2013 which had been recommended by the Law Commission.

Fulham Roads Act 1730
The Fulham Roads Act 1730 (4 Geo. 2. c. 34) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain authorising the charging of tolls at turnpikes along specified roads in the parish of Fulham in the county of Middlesex.

The toll granted by the act took place on 20 May 1731 for a term of 21 years, with authority to charge tolls to expire no later than 19 May 1752. The toll was extended for an additional 21 years from expiry by the Fulham Roads Act 1749.

The act became obsolete in May 1773 when the continuation of the act came to an end. The act was repealed by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2013 which had been recommended by the Law Commission.
Bundy K. Brown
Bundy Kenneth Brown, also known as Ken Brown or Bundy K. Brown, is an American musician and recording engineer. He is best known for being a founding member of Tortoise and for his production, engineering and remixes in the Chicago post rock scene.

Tortoise (band)
Tortoise is an American post-rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1990. The band incorporates krautrock, dub, minimal music, electronica and jazz into their music, and their eclectic style has left a great influence on the post-rock genre. Tortoise have been consistently credited, as part of the Chicago school of post-rock, for its rise in the 1990s.
Kieran Kennedy
Kieran James Kennedy (born 23 September 1993) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender. He is the grandson of Paddy Kennedy.

A former England under-19 international, he began his career in the academies at Manchester City and Leicester City before signing with Scottish Premiership side Motherwell in July 2015. He left the club to join AFC Fylde in March 2017 before moving on to Macclesfield Town four months later. He won the National League title with Macclesfield during the 2017–18 season and was bought by Shrewsbury Town in June 2018. He failed to break into the first team with Shrewsbury, however, and was allowed to sign with Wrexham in January 2019 before he returned to the English Football League with Port Vale in June 2019. However, he returned to Wrexham on loan in November 2019. Port Vale released him, and he went on to sign with York City in August 2020, Macclesfield in June 2021 and then Stockport Town in September 2021.

Paddy Kennedy (association footballer)
Patrick Anthony Kennedy (9 October 1934 – 18 March 2007) was an Irish footballer who played as a left-back for various clubs in the 1950s. As one of the Busby Babes, he was part of the Manchester United side that won the FA Youth Cup in 1953.
Guldholm Abbey
Guldholm Abbey (German: Güldenholm) was a short-lived Cistercian monastery on the Langsee near Böklund, formerly in Denmark, now in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. It was founded in 1191 and abandoned after less than twenty years; some of the community went on to establish Ryd Abbey.

Ryd Abbey
Ryd Abbey or Rüde Abbey (Danish: Ryd Kloster; German: Rüdekloster; Latin: Rus regis) was a Cistercian monastery in Munkbrarup that formerly occupied the present site of Glücksburg Castle in Glücksburg on the Flensburg Fjord in the Schleswig-Flensburg district of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Operation Tiger (1994)
Operation Tiger 94 (Serbo-Croatian: Operacija Tigar 94 or Operacija Tigar-Sloboda 94) was a military action in the summer of 1994, by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) against the Bosnian autonomous zone of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia, its leader Fikret Abdić and his Serbian backers the Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina (SVK), and the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). The battle was a huge success for the ARBiH, which was able to rout Abdić's forces and occupy the territory of Western Bosnia. Fikret Abdić was able to recapture the territory in November 1994 in Operation Spider.

Operation Spider
Operation Spider (Serbo-Croatian: Operacija Pauk, Операција Паук) were a series of military actions in northwestern Bosnia that began in November 1994 and continued until December 1994. It was a combined effort of Republika Srpska and the Republic of Serb Krajina to recover the territory of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (APZB), which was a key ally of the Serbs. Franko Simatović and Jovica Stanišić commanded the offensive. The Bosnian central government had previously overrun and seized the territory. The offensive ended in a Serb victory and the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia remained in existence until the fall of its key ally, the Republic of Serbian Krajina, and the subsequent end of the war.
Teesside
Teesside (/ˈtiːsaɪd/) is an urban area around the River Tees in North East England. Straddling the border between County Durham and North Yorkshire, it spans the boroughs of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees and Redcar and Cleveland. In 2011, it was the eighteenth-largest urban area in the United Kingdom. It forms part of the wider Tees Valley area, which also includes the boroughs of Darlington and Hartlepool.

Towns on Teesside include Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham, Redcar, Thornaby-on-Tees, and Ingleby Barwick. The local economy was once dominated by heavy manufacturing until deindustrialisation in the latter half of the 20th century.

Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in County Durham, England, with a population of 84,815 at the 2021 UK census. It gives its name to and is the largest settlement in the wider Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. It is part of Teesside and the Tees Valley, on the northern bank of the River Tees.

The River Tees was straightened in the early 19th century, so that larger ships could access the town. The ports have since relocated closer to the North Sea, and ships are no longer able to sail from the sea to the town. This is due to the building of the Tees Barrage, which was installed to manage tidal flooding. The Stockton and Darlington Railway served the port during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The railway was also the world's first permanent steam-powered passenger railway.
Althaea (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Althaea (/ælˈθiːə/; Ancient Greek: Ἀλθαία, romanized: Althaía, lit. 'healer' from ἀλθαίνω althaino, "to cure", also "a kind of mallow"), also rendered Althea or Althaia, was queen of Calydon through her marriage to King Oeneus. Althaea appears in myths surrounding the fabled Calydonian boar hunt, and is infamous for murdering her son Meleager.

Oeneus
In Greek mythology, Oeneus (/ˈɛn.juːs/; Ancient Greek: Οἰνεύς, romanized: Oineús, lit. 'Wine-man') was a Calydonian king. He introduced wine-making to Aetolia, which he learned from Dionysus and the first who received a vine-plant from the same god.
History of Minsk
The history of Minsk spans around 1000 years with the city first recorded in 1067.

Early East Slavs settled the forested hills of today's Minsk by the 9th century. They had been migrating from further south and pushing the preceding Balts northwards. The valley of Svislach river was settlement boundary between two Early East Slavs' tribal unions – Krivichs and Dregovichs. By 980 the area was incorporated into the early medieval Principality of Polatsk, one of the earliest East Slav states along with the principalities of Kiev and Novgorod. From 1101, it was the capital of an eponymous principality. From 1242 it formed part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, since 1386 in the Polish–Lithuanian union, and from 1569 it was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. With the Partitions of Poland, it passed to Russia, then was contested by several entities following World War I, eventually becoming the capital of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and of modern Belarus since 1991.

Principality of Minsk
The Principality of Minsk was an appanage principality of the Principality of Polotsk and centered on the city of Minsk (today in Belarus). It existed from its founding in 1101 until it was nominally annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1242, and then fell under de facto annexation in 1326.
Savage Mode II
Savage Mode II is a collaborative studio album by rapper 21 Savage and American record producer Metro Boomin. It was released on October 2, 2020, and was previewed through a trailer with narration by Morgan Freeman. The album serves as a sequel to the duo's extended play Savage Mode (2016). It features guest appearances by Drake, Young Thug, and Savage's cousin Young Nudy. On October 19, 2020, a chopped and screwed version of the album was released by OG Ron C and Slim K.

Savage Mode II received widespread acclaim and debuted atop the US Billboard 200, becoming 21 Savage and Metro Boomin's second US number-one album. It was supported by two singles: "Runnin" and "Mr. Right Now".

Savage Mode
Savage Mode is a collaborative extended play by rapper 21 Savage and American record producer Metro Boomin. It was released on July 15, 2016. It features a sole guest appearance by American rapper Future. The EP was self-released. The EP received acclaim from critics, with Rolling Stone including it in its list of the 40 Best Rap Albums of 2016. A sequel album, Savage Mode II, was released on October 2, 2020 to further acclaim.
Idaho State Highway 53
State Highway 53 (SH-53) is a 14.240-mile-long (22.917 km) state highway serving Kootenai County in the U.S. state of Idaho. SH-53 travels northeast from Washington State Route 290 (SR 290) at the Washington state border near Hauser to a short concurrency with SH-41 in Rathdrum. From Rathdrum, the highway continues east to end at U.S. Route 95 (US-95) north of Hayden. The Hauser to Rathdrum segment first appeared on a map in 1926, while the continuation of the route to the Hayden area appeared in 1937, completing an unnumbered state highway. SH-53 was designated in 1953 after all unnumbered state highways were assigned numbers.

U.S. Route 95 in Idaho
In the U.S. state of Idaho, U.S. Route 95 (US 95) is a north–south highway near the western border of the state, stretching from Oregon to British Columbia for over 538 miles (866 km); it was earlier known in the state as the North and South Highway.

As indicated by its original name, it is the primary north–south highway in Idaho; US 95 connects the Boise metropolitan area in southwestern Idaho with the small cities of Fruitland, Payette, Weiser and New Meadows within the Mountain Time Zone portion of the state. North of the Salmon River where it enters the Pacific Time Zone, US 95 provides an important link to the cities of Grangeville (via SH 13), Lewiston (via US 12) and directly serves Moscow, Coeur d'Alene, Sandpoint and Bonners Ferry before reaching the Canadian border at its northern terminus and continuing into the province of British Columbia as Highway 95. It is also the only road to connect the Idaho Panhandle with the rest of the state.
Twiqbal
Twiqbal is a colloquial term in American law (civil procedure), referring to two separate US Supreme Court cases that heightened the pleading standard under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Together, these cases made it more difficult to sue in federal court by requiring that plaintiffs demonstrate that their claims are "plausible", rather than simply describing the case in sufficient detail to put the defendant on notice.

The two cases are Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009), and "Twiqbal" is a portmanteau of Twombly and Iqbal. Because the two cases together have wrought a significant change in American civil procedure, the cases together, and the principle for which the cases stand, have both become commonly referred to as Twiqbal.

Pleading (United States)
Pleading in United States Federal courts is governed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

According to Rule 7, only these pleadings are allowed:

A complaint;

An answer to a complaint;

An answer to a counterclaim designated as a counterclaim;

An answer to a crossclaim;

A third-party complaint;

An answer to a third-party complaint; and

If the court orders one, a reply to an answer.

Any other document that requests a court order is referred to as a motion.
Stapes
The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other tetrapods which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear. This bone is connected to the oval window by its annular ligament, which allows the footplate (or base) to transmit sound energy through the oval window into the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body, and is so-called because of its resemblance to a stirrup (Latin: Stapes).

Middle ear
The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear).

The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear.  The hollow space of the middle ear is also known as the tympanic cavity and is surrounded by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. The auditory tube (also known as the Eustachian tube or the pharyngotympanic tube) joins the tympanic cavity with the nasal cavity (nasopharynx), allowing pressure to equalize between the middle ear and throat.

The primary function of the middle ear is to efficiently transfer acoustic energy from compression waves in air to fluid–membrane waves within the cochlea.
Anatoli Papanov
Anatoli Dmitriyevich Papanov (Russian: Анатолий Дмитриевич Папанов, romanized: Anatoliy Dmitriyevich Papanov; 31 October 1922 – 5 August 1987) was a Soviet and Russian actor, drama teacher, and theatre director at the Moscow Satire Theatre where he served for almost 40 years. A prominent character actor, Papanov is mostly remembered for his comedy roles in a duo with his friend Andrei Mironov, although he had many dramatic roles as well. As a voice actor, he contributed to over one hundred cartoons. He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1973 and awarded the USSR State Prize posthumously.

Andrei Mironov (actor)
Andrei Aleksandrovich Mironov (Russian: Андре́й Алекса́ндрович Миро́нов; 7 March 1941 – 16 August 1987) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor who played lead roles in some of the most popular Soviet films, such as The Diamond Arm, Beware of the Car and Twelve Chairs. Mironov was also a popular singer.
Steve Chabot
Steven Joseph Chabot (/ˈʃæbət/ SHAB-ət; born January 22, 1953) is an American politician and lawyer who represented Ohio's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2009 and again from 2011 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he lost his 2008 reelection bid to Democrat Steve Driehaus, before reclaiming his seat in 2010, and losing his 2022 reelection bid to Democrat Greg Landsman. Until his second election loss, he was the dean of Ohio's GOP delegation to the House of Representatives, after the retirement of former Speaker John Boehner.

Greg Landsman
Gregory John Landsman (born December 4, 1976) is an American politician who has been the U.S. representative from Ohio's 1st congressional district since 2023. The district is based in Cincinnati, and includes most of its inner suburbs.

A member of the Democratic Party, Landsman served on the Cincinnati City Council from 2018 to 2022. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in the 2022 election, defeating 13-term incumbent Steve Chabot.
Ohio State Route 7
State Route 7 (SR 7), formerly known as Inter-county Highway 7 until 1921 and State Highway 7 in 1922, is a north–south state highway in the southern and eastern portions of the U.S. state of Ohio.  At about 336 miles (541 km) in length, it is the longest state route in Ohio. Its southern terminus is an interchange with U.S. Route 52 (US 52) just west of Chesapeake.  Its northern terminus also serves as the eastern terminus of SR 531 in Conneaut.  The path of SR 7 stays within five miles (8.0 km) of the Ohio River (Ohio's border with West Virginia) for the southern portion, with the river being visible from much of the route.  The road also remains within 10 miles (16 km) of the Pennsylvania state line for the northern portion.
The highway is also parallel with West Virginia Route 2 for most of the route, seen from the Ohio River.

Ohio State Route 531
State Route 531 (SR 531) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of Ohio.  The western terminus of State Route 531 is at the northern terminus of State Route 534 in Geneva-on-the-Lake, at a curve along Lake Road.  The route's eastern terminus is at the northern terminus of State Route 7, at a signalized intersection in Conneaut.

Following mostly along the Lake Erie shoreline, it is named Lake Road for most of its length.  Due to its proximity to the shoreline, sections west of Ashtabula have had to be re-routed as a result of lake erosion.  The route crosses the Ashtabula River in Ashtabula via a Strauss bascule bridge, the Ashtabula lift bridge.
MacBook Pro
The MacBook Pro is a line of Mac laptop computers developed and manufactured by Apple. Introduced in 2006, it is the high-end sibling of the MacBook family, sitting above the ultra-portable MacBook Air and previously the low-end MacBook line. It is currently sold with 14 in (360 mm) and 16 in (410 mm) screens, all using Apple M-series chips. Before Apple silicon, the MacBook Pro used Intel chips, and was the first laptop made by Apple to do so, replacing the earlier PowerBook. It was also the first Apple laptop to carry the MacBook moniker.

MacBook Air
The MacBook Air is a line of consumer-oriented high-end Mac notebook computers developed and manufactured by Apple since 2008. It features a thin, light structure in a machined aluminum case and either a 13 in (330 mm) or 15 in (380 mm)  screen. The MacBook Air's lower prices relative to the larger, higher performance MacBook Pro have made it Apple's entry-level notebook since the discontinuation of the original MacBook line in 2012.
Sree Narayana Jayanthi Boat Race
The Sree Narayana Jayanthi Vallam Kali or Boat Race, at Kumarakom, Kerala is held in September every year during Onam festival. More than 1,000 oarsmen in boats of different sizes and shapes take part. Even though snake boats participate in this race, the importance given here is for iruttukuthi, in which about 50 oarsmen row. The successful iruttukuthi wins the Sree Narayana Ever Rolling Trophy.

Sri Narayana Jayanthi
Sri Narayana Jayanthi is a state festival of Kerala. It is celebrated on Chathayam day during the Onam season in Chingam month of Malayalam calendar. It marks the birthday of Narayana Guru, a saint and a social reformer of India who fought against the caste system of Hindu religion.

As a state festival, the day is a public holiday for schools and offices, including banks, in Kerala.

Guru's birthday is celebrated on the Chathayam asterism of the Malayalam month of Chingam (Leo). In a society broken into fragments by casteism and economic inequality, he emphasised the motto of 'one caste, one religion and one god.'

Communal harmony processions, conferences, floral tributes, community prayers, feeding for the poor and community feasts marks Jayanthi celebrations.
Kuini Liliha
Kuini Liliha (c. 1802–1839) was a High Chiefess (aliʻi) and noblewoman who served the Kingdom of Hawaii as royal governor of Oʻahu island. She administered the island from 1829 to 1831 following the death of her husband Boki.

Boki (Hawaiian chief)
Boki (sometimes Poki, born Kamāʻuleʻule) (before 1785–after December 1829) was a High Chief in the ancient Hawaiian tradition and served the Kingdom of Hawaii as royal governor of the island of Oahu.  Boki ran a mercantile and shipping business and encouraged the Hawaiians to gather sandalwood for trade.
Honorat I de Savoie
Honorat I de Savoie, seigneur de Sommerive (1538–1572) was a governor and soldier during the French Wars of Religion. He entered high office as lieutenant-general of Provence, appointed in 1562, serving under his father. He would take the opportunity civil war presented to usurp the authority of his father, and drive him into exile, temporarily claiming the title of governor for himself, before relinquishing it during peace. He fought for the crown loyally after this, aiding in the campaign against the viscounts of Languedoc in both the second and third civil war. His father died in 1566 and he inherited his titles despite his earlier rebellion. The crown would award him his father's office of governor of Provence shortly thereafter. He died on 8 October 1572.

Claude de Savoie
Claude de Savoie (1507–1566) was a French governor and commander. Son of René of Savoy, Tende's career would begin at a young age, fighting at the Battle of Pavia in 1525. He served extensively throughout the later Italian Wars in particular holding a key role in the Italian War of 1536–1538 and the dauphins invasion of Roussillon. During this time he would establish himself as a moderate religious presence, keen to achieve compromise and avoid the brutality that typified the Massacre of Mérindol perpetrated by one of his subordinates in 1545. With the outbreak of civil war in 1562, his son Sommerive rallied the Catholics of Provence against him, and successfully drove him into exile. Restored to his office in 1563, he would lead the region for another 3 years before dying in 1566.
New Belgrade
New Belgrade (Serbian: Нови Београд / Novi Beograd, pronounced [nôʋiː beǒɡrad]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. It was a planned city and now is the central business district of Serbia and South East Europe. Construction began in 1948 in a previously uninhabited area on the left bank of the Sava river, opposite old Belgrade. In recent years, it has become the central business district of Belgrade and its fastest developing area, with many businesses moving to the new part of the city, due to more modern infrastructure and larger available space. With 209,763 inhabitants, it is the second most populous municipality of Serbia after Novi Sad.

Subdivisions of Belgrade
Serbia's capital city of Belgrade is divided into 17 municipalities.

Most of the municipalities are situated on the southern side of the Danube and Sava rivers, in the Šumadija region. Three municipalities (Zemun, Novi Beograd, and Surčin) are on the northern bank of the Sava, in the Syrmia region, and the municipality of Palilula, spanning the Danube, is in both the Šumadija and Banat regions.
Little Conemaugh River
The Little Conemaugh River is a tributary of the Conemaugh River, approximately 30 miles (48 km) long, in western Pennsylvania in the United States.

The main branch rises in eastern Cambria County, along the western slope of the Appalachian ridge separating the watersheds of the Ohio and Susquehanna rivers. It flows west-southwest through the mountains, past Cassandra, Portage, and Summerhill, where it is joined by the South Fork Little Conemaugh River. It then follows a west-northwest course to Johnstown, where it joins the Stonycreek River to form the Conemaugh River.

Conemaugh River
The Conemaugh River is a 70-mile (110 km) tributary of the Kiskiminetas River in Westmoreland, Indiana, and Cambria counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.  The name means 'Otter Creek', originating from the Unami-Lenape language word kwənəmuxkw 'otter'.