hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karuizawa, Nagano
Karuizawa (軽井沢町, Karuizawa-machi) is a resort town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2025, the town had an estimated population of 21,834 in 11,285 households, and a population density of 139 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 156.03 km2 (60.24 sq mi).

Originally, there was a stage station (shukuba) called Karuisawa-shuku on the Nakasendō. The Shin'etsu Line opened in 1888 and the town became popular as a Western-style hill station around that time.

Hill station
A hill station is a type of hill town, mostly in colonial Asia, but also in colonial Africa (albeit rarely), founded by European colonialists as a refuge from the summer heat. As historian Dane Kennedy observes about the Indian context, "the hill station (...) was seen as an exclusive British preserve: here it was possible to render the Indian into an outsider". The term is still used in present day, particularly in India, which has the largest number of hill stations; most are situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft).
Italy Davis Cup team all-time record
The following table shows the Italy Davis Cup team all-time record against opposing nations in the Davis Cup. It does not include matches in the World Team Cup or ATP Cup.

In total, Italy has played against 48 different nations and has a winning record against 36 nations.

As of 7 July 2024, Italy has a perfect 100% winning record against 19 nations. The best of these is against Poland, achieving 100% of wins after 9 ties. Italy has not won a tie against three nations. The worst of these is against Canada, as they have been unable to record a win after four ties.

Italy Davis Cup team
The Italy men's national tennis team represents Italy in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Italian Tennis Federation.

Italy is the reigning champion, claiming the Davis Cup in 2025. It is a four-time champion overall, also winning in 1976, 2023, and 2024. It finished runner-up six times (1960, 1961, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1998).

The most awarded player (by titles won when part of the team) is Simone Bolelli, with three victories. Matteo Berrettini, Lorenzo Musetti, Jannik Sinner, Lorenzo Sonego and Andrea Vavassori won the Davis Cup twice. The most awarded captain is Filippo Volandri, with three victories.

For the past three years, Italy has won the title, becoming the first country to win the event three consecutive times since the United States in 1972. In 2024 and 2025, Italy was also champion in the Billie Jean King Cup, making it the only country to win both events in consecutive years.
Embolization
Embolization refers to the passage and lodging of an embolus within the bloodstream. It may be of natural origin (pathological), in which sense it is also called embolism, for example a pulmonary embolism; or it may be artificially induced (therapeutic), as a hemostatic treatment for bleeding or as a treatment for some types of cancer by deliberately blocking blood vessels to starve the tumor cells.

In the cancer management application, the embolus, besides blocking the blood supply to the tumor, also often includes an ingredient to attack the tumor chemically or with irradiation. When it bears a chemotherapy drug, the process is called chemoembolization. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the usual form. When the embolus bears a radiopharmaceutical for unsealed source radiotherapy, the process is called radioembolization or selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT).

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a minimally invasive procedure performed in interventional radiology to restrict a tumor's blood supply. Small embolic particles coated with chemotherapeutic drugs are injected selectively through a catheter into an artery directly supplying the tumor. These particles both block the blood supply and induce cytotoxicity, attacking the tumor in several ways.

The radiotherapeutic analogue (combining radiotherapy with embolization) is called radioembolization or selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT).

Clinical trials determine what type of therapy is generally most successful for treating any particular type of tumor. Panels of physicians, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, determine what therapies to recommend for a given tumor type based on the outcomes of these trials. Although in theory TACE can be applied to any tumor, currently TACE is used primarily for tumors of the liver.
Al-Kisa'i
Al-Kisā’ī   (d. ca. 804 or 812) was a Persian polymath and founder of the Kufan School of Arabic grammar. He directly served caliph Harun al Rashid as the Abbasid court tutor for two future caliphs. He is also called one of the ‘Seven Readers’ of the seven canonical Qira'at.

Al-Farra'
Al-Farrāʼ (الفراء), he was Abū Zakarīyāʼ Yaḥyā ibn Ziyād ibn ʽAbd Allāh ibn Manṣūr al-Daylamī al-Farrāʼ (أبو زكريا يحيى بن زياد بن عبد الله بن منصور الدَّيْلميّ الفراء), was a Daylamite scholar and the principal pupil of al-Kisā’ī  (الكساءى). He is the most brilliant of the Kūfan scholars. Muḥammad ibn Al-Jahm quotes Ibn al-Quṭrub that it was al-Farrā’s melodic eloquence and knowledge of the pure spoken Arabic of the Bedouins and their expressions that won him special favour at the court of Hārūn al-Rashīd.  He died on the way to Mecca, aged about sixty, or sixty-seven, in 822 (207 AH).
Waterloo Street
Waterloo Street is a two-way street located in the Central Area of Singapore, running from Rochor Road to Bras Basah Road. It traverses the planning areas of Rochor and Museum. Waterloo Street is home to a number of prominent landmarks, including the Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple, the Maghain Aboth Synagogue, Sculpture Square and the Sri Krishnan Temple. The synagogue, established in 1878, is the oldest in Singapore and was built by the local Jewish community.

Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple
Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple (Chinese: 觀音堂佛祖廟; pinyin: Guānyīn Táng Fózǔ Miào; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Koan-im Tông Hu̍t-chó͘  Biō) is a traditional Chinese temple situated at 178 Waterloo Street in Singapore.  The temple is of significance to the Buddhist community among Chinese Singaporeans, and is believed to bring worshippers good luck after praying to the Kuan Yin or Avalokiteśvara, the Goddess of Mercy. The temple is also involved in charity work, contributing to several health and educational organisations.

The Kwan Im Temple and the nearby Sri Krishnan Temple are known for having evolved a social practice termed "cross-worshipping", where many devotees of either temple also worship at the other. This practice is commonly seen as a microcosm of Singapore's multi-religious society.
PAETEC Holding Corp.
PAETEC Holding Corporation was a Fortune 1000 telecommunications company headquartered in Perinton, New York, United States.  It was founded as the private company PaeTec Communications, Inc. in 1998 by Arunas A. Chesonis. In 2007 it merged with US LEC and then Cavalier Telephone Company and became a publicly traded company, and in 2011 it was acquired by Windstream Communications.

PAETEC provided local and long-distance voice services, data and Internet services, and software applications, among others. PAETEC provided service to medium and large businesses, colleges and universities, hospitals, hotels, governmental organizations and other institutions within its service area.

Arunas Chesonis
Arunas A. Chesonis is Chairman of the Board and CEO of Sweetwater Energy, a Rochester, New York renewable energy company. His appointment was announced on December 16, 2011.  Chesonis previously served as the chairman of the board, president, and chief executive officer of PAETEC Corp. since May 1998, when he founded the company.  In 2011, Chesonis sold PAETEC to Windstream Communications for $2.3 billion.

Arunas Chesonis is a civil engineering graduate of MIT and holds an M.B.A. from the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Rochester. He sits 
on the board of the MIT School of Engineering Dean's Advisory Council (DAC).
Landfall, Minnesota
Landfall is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 843 at the 2020 census and is the smallest community in Washington County in terms of area.  It lies on the eastern shore of Tanner's Lake on Interstate 94.

Landfall is an incorporation of a manufactured home community, contributing to its reputation as the most affordable community in the Twin Cities. In 2008 and 2010, the city was named one of the 100 best communities for young people by America's Promise.

Landfall is one of only two incorporated cities in Minnesota that consist primarily of manufactured housing; the other is the Twin Cities suburb of Hilltop.

Washington County, Minnesota
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 267,568, making it the fifth-most populous county in Minnesota. Its county seat is Stillwater. The largest city in the county is Woodbury, the seventh-largest city in Minnesota and the third-largest Twin Cities suburb. Washington County is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Conquerors of Armageddon
Conquerors of Armageddon is the third album by Brazilian death metal band Krisiun and their first under the Century Media label.

AllMusic described the album as "basically just a bigger and (arguably) better version of what you hear on their first two: Morbid Angel-influenced death metal that overflows with blasting drumbeats, guttural guitar/bass riffs, growled-out vocals, and completely over-the-top guitar solos."

Krisiun
Krisiun is a Brazilian death metal band, founded by brothers Alex Camargo (bass, vocals) (Born March 11, 1972), Moyses Kolesne (guitars) (Born August 11, 1973) and Max Kolesne (drums) (Born June 12, 1974). Since its formation in 1990, the group recorded three demos, Curse of the Evil One in 1990, Mortal Toxic in 1991, and The Plague in 1992, and self-released an extended play (EP) titled Unmerciful Order in 1993. After signing with Dynamo Records (a Brazilian label), Krisiun released the debut full-length Black Force Domain in 1995, followed by Apocalyptic Revelation, in 1998. They signed with major label Century Media in 1999, releasing a further ten studio albums.
Flan cake
Flan cake, also known as leche flan cake or crème caramel cake, is a Filipino chiffon or sponge cake (mamón) baked with a layer of leche flan (crème caramel) on top and drizzled with caramel syrup. It is sometimes known as "custard cake", which confuses it with yema cake. Modern versions of flan cake can be cooked with a variety of added ingredients. An example is the use of ube cake as the base.

A similar Filipino dessert that uses a steamed cupcake (puto mamón) as the base is known as puto flan. Flan cake is very similar to the Puerto Rican dish flancocho, except the latter includes cream cheese.

Yema cake
Yema cake is a Filipino chiffon cake with a custard filling known as yema. It is generally prepared identically to mamón (chiffon cakes and sponge cakes in Filipino cuisine), with the only difference being that it incorporates yema either as frosting, as filling, or as part of the cake batter. Yema is a custard-like combination of milk and egg yolks. It is also typically garnished with grated cheese.
Anders Grenstad
Rear Admiral Anders Lennart Grenstad (born 22 July 1958) is a retired Swedish Navy officer. He served in the Swedish Navy for 39 years. Grenstad's senior commands include Inspector of the Navy, commanding officer of the Naval Tactical Command/Maritime Component Command, head of the Swedish delegation to the NNSC, Deputy Chief of Joint Operations and as head of the Swedish Veterans' Unit.

Rear admiral (Sweden)
Rear admiral (RAdm) (Swedish: Konteramiral, Kam) is a two-star commissioned naval officer rank in the Swedish Navy. Rear admiral ranks above rear admiral (lower half) and below vice admiral. Rear admiral is equivalent to the rank of major general.
Sahrawi Football Federation
The Sahrawi Football Federation (FSF) (Arabic: الاتحاد الصحراوي لكرة القدم, Spanish: Federación Saharaui de Fútbol) is the governing body of association football in Western Sahara, a territory that is disputed between Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. It was formed in 1989 and it is based in the Sahrawi refugee camp of Bojador. The board runs the Sahrawi national football team.
The Sahrawi Football Federation hosts the Sahrawi Republic Cup.

Western Sahara national football team
The Western Sahara national football team (Arabic: منتخب الصحراء الغربية لكرة القدم, Spanish: Selección de fútbol del Sahara Occidental) represents Western Sahara (SADR), a disputed territory, in association football. Controlled by the Sahrawi Football Federation, they are members of World Unity Football Alliance for non-FIFA-affiliated nations.
Jaarso
The Jaarso, Giarso or Jarso (Somali: Jaarso, Oromo: Jaarsoo, Arabic: جارسو) is a major northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family  They largely live in Ethiopia, in the Oromo Region and the Somali Region, especially in and around the cities of Chinaksen, Harar and Jigjiga

Dir (clan)
The Dir (Somali: Dir) is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa. They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia (Somali, Harar, Dire Dawa, Oromia and Afar regions), and northeastern Kenya (North Eastern Province).
Bridgeport High School (West Virginia)
Bridgeport High School (BHS) is a four-year public high school located in the city of  Bridgeport, West Virginia, United States, in Harrison County. It operates as part of the county of the Harrison County School District.

The current BHS building opened in 1969 and sits on the 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus. Several major additions have since been added to accommodate the increasing enrollment. The first was completed in 1981. The second addition was completed in 1992, and included the two computer labs. That brought the building to the total 98,000 square feet (9,100 m2) it occupies.

Bridgeport, West Virginia
Bridgeport is a city in eastern Harrison County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 9,325 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Clarksburg micropolitan area in North Central West Virginia.
INS Baaz
INS Baaz is an Indian naval air station under the joint-services Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC) of the Indian Armed Forces. It is located near Campbell Bay, on Great Nicobar island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is the southernmost air station of the Indian Armed Forces. It overlooks the Strait of Malacca as well as the Six Degree channel between Great Nicobar and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Great Nicobar Island
Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands of India, north of Sumatra. It is part of India, in the Nicobar district within the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Lenaert Jansz de Graeff
Lenaert Jansz de Graeff, also Lena(e)rt Jansz Graeff, Leendert de Graeff and Leonhard de Graeff (Amsterdam, c. 1525 – in Exile, c. 1578) belonged to the powerful Amsterdam patriciate. He was one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation in Amsterdam, a friend of Henry, Count of Bréderode, the "Grote Geus", and his deputy as vice-general-captain of Amsterdam, and according to a family tradition identified with "Monseigneur de Graeff", a privateer and captain of the Sea Beggars during the Capture of Brielle. In recent research, Lenaert Jansz de Graeff is described as one of the leaders of the Sea Beggars alongside Admiral William II de la Marck, Lord Lumey and Willem Bloys van Treslong. His character was also used in a historical novel about De Grote Geus.

Hendrick van Brederode
Henry (Hendrik), Lord of Bréderode (December 1531 – 15 February 1568), also styled Count of Brederode, was a member of the Dutch noble family Van Brederode. He was the leader of the allied Dutch nobles, the so-called Compromise of Nobles of 1566 and the Geuzen at the beginning of the Eighty Years' War. Van Brederode was named the "Grote Geus" or the "Big Beggar".
Shizuka Hasegawa
Shizuka Hasegawa (長谷川 静香, Hasegawa Shizuka; born September 16, 1988) is a former Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan. She appears as a main cast member in a number of Japanese anime series including as: Yukino in Nagasarete Airantō, Nana in Angel Tales,  Tomohane in Inukami, Akane Miura in Rocket Girls, and Tama Hieda in Shrine of the Morning Mist.

Angel Tales
Angel Tales (Japanese: おとぎストーリー 天使のしっぽ, Hepburn: Otogi Story Tenshi no Shippo) is a Japanese anime television series animated by Tōkyō Kids. The series was broadcast by the anime television network, Animax across its respective networks worldwide, including Southeast Asia, East Asia and South Asia, in English and other languages.

The series was licensed for distribution by Bandai Entertainment in North America.
Governorate of the Río de la Plata
The Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549−1776) (Spanish: Gobernación del Río de la Plata, pronounced [ɡoβeɾnaˈsjon del ˈri.o ðe la ˈplata]) was one of the governorates of the Spanish Empire. It was created in 1549 by Spain in the area around the Río de la Plata.

It was at first simply a renaming of the New Andalusia Governorate and included all of the land between 470 and 670 leagues south of the mouth of the Río Santiago along the Pacific coast. After 1617, Paraguay was separated under a separate administration (Asunción had been the capital of the governorate since Juan de Ayolas.)

After the founding of the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1542, the governorate was since its birth under its authority until the formation of the independent Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776. Similarly, it was under the jurisdiction of the Royal Audience of Charcas until the formation of the independent Royal Audience of Buenos Aires from 1661 to 1671 and after 1783.

Guayrá
Guayrá (initially called Gobernación del Guayrá) was a historical region of the Spanish Empire, located in the Governorate of Paraguay, within the colonial Viceroyalty of Peru. The region is located in present-day Paraguay and Paraná.

There are some conflicting etymologies for the origin of the name, with some claiming it was named after a cacique of the region whose name was Guayrá or Guayracá. Alternatively, the word might come from Guarani "kwa y ra" ("can not pass", "impassable") or even "guay ra" ("river that goes [beyond]").
James Henry Reynolds
Lieutenant-Colonel James Henry Reynolds VC (3 February 1844 – 4 March 1932), born Kingstown (Dún Laoghaire), County Dublin, Ireland was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross for his actions at the Battle of Rorke's Drift, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was educated at Castleknock College and Trinity College, Dublin.

Battle of Rorke's Drift
The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also known as the Defence of Rorke's Drift, was an engagement in the Anglo-Zulu War. The successful British defence of the mission station of Rorke's Drift, under the command of Lieutenants John Chard of the Royal Engineers and Gonville Bromhead of the 24th Regiment of Foot, began once a large contingent of Zulu warriors broke off from the main force during the final hour of the British defeat at the day-long Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879. They travelled ten kilometres (six miles) to attack Rorke's Drift later that day and continuing into the following day.

Just over 150 British and colonial troops defended the station against attacks by 3,000 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. The massive but piecemeal attacks by the Zulu on Rorke's Drift came very close to overwhelming the much smaller garrison, but were consistently repelled. Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded to individual defenders, along with a number of other decorations and honours.
John Ogilvie-Grant, 7th Earl of Seafield
John Charles Ogilvie-Grant, 7th Earl of Seafield, KT (4 September 1815 – 18 February 1881), styled Viscount Reidhaven from 1840 to 1853, was a Scottish nobleman. He is numbered as the 26th Chief of Clan Grant.

Ian Ogilvie-Grant, 8th Earl of Seafield
Ian Charles Ogilvie-Grant, 8th Earl of Seafield (7 October 1851 – 31 March 1884), styled Viscount Reidhaven from 1853 until 1881, was a Scottish nobleman. He is numbered as the 27th Chief of Clan Grant.
Kuva-yi Seyyare
Kuvâ-yi Seyyâre (Ottoman Turkish: قواى سياره, lit. 'The Traveling Forces' or 'The Mobilized Forces'), also known as the Green Army Society (Turkish: Yeşil Ordu Cemiyeti) or the People's Branch (Turkish: Halk Zümresi) was a force of Circassian and Abkhazian volunteers led by Çerkes Ethem against the Allied invasion forces during the Turkish War of Independence. The group saw themselves as a force to fight against "those who caused disturbance to the greater good of Anatolia". The forces put down several rebellions and played a big role in significantly slowing down the Greek army during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). In time, as Ethem's Islamic socialist views clashed with the Turkish nationalism of Mustafa Kemal's Turkish National movement, he eventually cut ties with them, and was declared a traitor due to clashes with İsmet İnönü.

Çerkes Ethem
Çerkes Ethem (1886 – 21 September 1948, also known as Psheu Ethem; Adyghe language: Пщэу Iэтэм), known in English as Edhem the Circassian, was a Circassian Ottoman guerilla leader, social bandit, efe and soldier. He initially gained fame for establishing the Kuva-yi Seyyare and putting down multiple large-scale rebellions and gaining key major victories against the Greek armies invading Anatolia during the Turkish War of Independence.

In time, as Ethem's Islamic socialist views clashed with the Turkish nationalism of the Turkish National movement, he cut ties with them to act independently, and was later attacked and defeated by İsmet İnönü. İnönü later claimed that Ethem subsequently cooperated with the Greek army, a claim which was rejected by Ethem himself and disputed by most historians.
Pedro Alvarado (miner)
Pedro Alvarado Torres of Parral, Chihuahua was a mining magnate and philanthropist who operated the Palmilla mine near Parral in Chihuahua Mexico that was one of the country's richest silver mines.

He was married to Virginia Griensen Zambrano sp. The family became friends and supporters of Doroteo Arango (A.K.A. Francisco Villa) and looked after Villa's family after his assassination.

Parral, Chihuahua
Hidalgo del Parral is a city and seat of the municipality of Hidalgo del Parral in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is located in the southern part of the state, 220 kilometres (140 mi) from the state capital, the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua. As of 2015, the city of Hidalgo del Parral had a population of 109,510 inhabitants, while the metro area had a population of 129,688 inhabitants.  During the colonial period the city was a significant supplier of silver to the Spanish empire and was known as San José del Parral. The name of the city was changed after independence from Spain, in honour of Fr Miguel Hidalgo, widely considered the 'Father of the Country'. In 2023, Hidalgo del Parral was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.