hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashland, Wisconsin
Ashland is a city in Ashland and Bayfield counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is the county seat of Ashland County. The city is a port on Lake Superior, near the head of Chequamegon Bay. The population was 7,908 at the 2020 census, all of whom resided in the Ashland County portion of the city. The unpopulated Bayfield County portion is in the city's southwest, bordered by the easternmost part of the Town of Eileen.

The junction of US Highway 2 (US 2) and Wisconsin Highway 13 (WIS 13) is located at this city. It is the home of Northwood Technical College, the Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute, and the recently closed Northland College. The town's original name, zhamawanik, means 'long stretched beaver' in Ojibwe.

Northwood Technical College
Northwood Technical College (formerly known as Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College or WITC) is a public technical college with campuses in Ashland, New Richmond, Rice Lake and Superior, Wisconsin. There are also outreach centers in Balsam Lake, Hayward and Ladysmith and Shell Lake.

The college offers more than 100 degrees, diplomas and certificates.
Hachalu Hundessa riots
The Hachalu Hundessa riots were a series of civil unrest that occurred in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia, more specifically in the hot spot of Addis Ababa, Shashamene and Ambo following the killing of the Oromo musician Hachalu Hundessa on 29 June 2020. The riots lead to the deaths of at least 239 people according to initial police reports. Peaceful protests against Hachalu's killing have been held by Oromos abroad as well. The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) found in its 1 January 2021 full report that part of the killings were a crime against humanity, with deliberate, widespread systematic killing of civilians by organised groups. The EHRC counted 123 deaths, 76 of which it attributed to security forces.

Hachalu Hundessa
Hachalu Hundessa (Oromo: Haacaaluu Hundeessaa Boonsaa; Amharic: ሃጫሉ ሁንዴሳ; 1986 – 29 June 2020) was an Ethiopian singer, songwriter, and  civil rights activist. Hachalu played a significant role in the 2014–2016 Oromo protests that led  to Abiy Ahmed taking charge of the Oromo Democratic Party and Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, and subsequently becoming prime minister of Ethiopia in 2018.
Shara'i al-Islam
Shara'l' al-Islam Fi Masa'il al-Halal wal-Haram (Arabic: شرائع الاسلام فی مسائل الحلال و الحرام), also known as Shara'i al-Islam or Shara'i by Abu al-Qasim Najm al-Din Ja'far ibn Hasan, also known as Muhaqqiq al-Hilli (676–602 AH), is a book on Ja'fari jurisprudence. Since its writing (approximately 750 years ago), it has been regarded as one of the most significant legal education texts in Shiite seminaries, earning its author the title of "author of Shara'i."

Muhaqqiq al-Hilli
Najm ul-Din Abul-Qasim Ja'far bin al-Hasan bin Yahya bin al-Hasan bin Sa'id, famous as al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli and al-Muhaqqiq al-Awwal (c. 1205 – 1277) was an influential Arab Shi'i Mujtahid born in the city of al-Hilla, Iraq. He played an important role in shaping Twelver Shi'ism's legal doctrines works. His legal manual, Shara'i ul-Islam, has been particularly influential, attracting more than thirty commentaries.
October 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 27 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 29

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 10 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 28th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 15.

October 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 28 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 30

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 11 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 29th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 16.
Magdalen Dacre
Magdalen Dacre, Viscountess Montagu (January 1538 – 8 April 1608) was an English noblewoman. She was the daughter of William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre of Gilsland, and the second wife of Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu. Magdalen, a Roman Catholic, was a Maid of Honour to Mary I of England and was bridesmaid at Mary's wedding to Philip II of Spain in Winchester Cathedral. Despite being Catholic, she managed to remain in high regard with Elizabeth I, the Protestant half-sister who succeeded Mary.

Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu
Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, KB, PC (29 November 1528 – 19 October 1592) was an English peer during the Tudor period. He was a staunch Roman Catholic, but unswervingly loyal to the Crown. Montagu was employed on diplomatic missions to the Pope in Rome and to Spain, and was 'highly esteemed for his prudence and wisdom' by Queen Elizabeth. In spite of his bold opposition to the Acts of Supremacy and Allegiance (1559 and 1562), which threatened the religious activities of the Roman Catholics, he never lost Queen Elizabeth's favour. He was one of the commissioners who tried Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587. In 1571 he was implicated in the Ridolfi Plot along with two of his Dacre brothers-in-law.
Ogdensburg Maples
The Ogdensburg Maples were a minor league baseball team based in Ogdensburg, New York. In 1900 and 1901, Ogdensburg played as members of the Northern New York League and the Ogdensburg Colts franchise was a member of the Canadian–American League from 1936 to 1940. The Maples played as members of the Class C level Border League from 1946 to 1951. Overall, Ogdensburg teams made seven playoff appearances, won three league championships and one pennant. The teams hosted minor league home games at Winter Park.

Ogdensburg teams played as a minor league affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1940 and New York Giants in 1948.

Northern New York League
The Northern New York League was a Minor League Baseball circuit that operated in a span of six seasons between 1900 and 1905. League franchises were located in New York and Vermont. For the majority of its existence it operated as an independent league, except in 1902, when was classified as Class D circuit. In 1906, the league changed names to the Northern Independent League as Ottawa joined Burlington, Montpelier-Barre, Plattsburgh and Rutland in the league.
Southern Highlands, Tanzania
The Southern Highlands is a highland region in southwestern Tanzania, at the northern end of Lake Malawi. The highlands include portions of Mbeya, Iringa, Njombe, Rukwa, Ruvuma, and Songwe regions, bordering Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia. Mbeya is the largest city in the highlands.

Mount Rungwe
Mount Rungwe is a volcanic mountain in Mbeya Region, in Tanzania's Southern Highlands. At an altitude of 2,981 metres (9,780 ft), it is southern Tanzania's second-highest peak. Rungwe's volcano is currently inactive.
Manuel Bernardo Morete Bodelón
Manuel Bernardo Morete Bodelón (20 August 1776 – 2 January 1828) was a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who served as bishop of Astorga.  Previously he had served as Bishop of Canarias in the Canary Islands.

Diocese of Canarias
The Diocese of Canarias or Diocese Canariense-Rubicense (Latin: Dioecesis Canariensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the Canary Islands in the ecclesiastical province of Seville in Spain. The dioceses includes the islands of Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (Oriental Province). However, it does not include the whole archipelago, since the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna (or Tenerife or Nivariense) includes the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
John DeCamp
John William DeCamp (July 6, 1941 – July 27, 2017) was an American Republican politician and author who served in the Nebraska legislature from 1971 to 1987. He served as an infantry officer in the United States Army during the Vietnam War. In 1975 he was central to organizing Operation Babylift as a civilian, which evacuated 2,800 orphaned Vietnamese children. In 1992, DeCamp wrote a book titled The Franklin Cover-up: Child Abuse, Satanism, and Murder in Nebraska in which he alleged the supposed existence of the Franklin child prostitution ring.

Franklin child prostitution ring allegations
The Franklin child prostitution ring allegations began in June 1988 in Omaha, Nebraska, when multiple prominent Nebraskan political and business figures were accused of involvement in a child sex trafficking ring. The allegations attracted significant public and political interest until late 1990, when separate state and federal grand juries concluded that the allegations were unfounded and the ring was a "carefully crafted hoax."
Li Deyu
Li Deyu (Chinese: 李德裕; pinyin: Lǐ Déyù; 787 – January 26, 850), courtesy name Wenrao (文饒), formally the Duke of Wei (衛公), was a Chinese poet, politician, and writer during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of brothers Emperor Wenzong and Emperor Wuzong and (briefly) their uncle Emperor Xuānzong. He was the leader of the so-called Li Faction in the decades-long Niu-Li Factional Struggles, and was particularly powerful during Emperor Wuzong's reign, dominating the court scene and guiding policies during the campaigns against the crumbling Uyghur Khanate and against the warlord Liu Zhen. After Emperor Wuzong's death, Emperor Xuānzong, who had long despised him for his hold on power, had him demoted and banished, where he died in exile.

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (9th century)
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (27 July 810 – 7 September 859) was an emperor of China's Tang dynasty, reigning from 25 April 846 until his death. Personally named Li Yi, later renamed Li Chen (Chinese: 李忱), and known before his reign as the Prince of Guang, he was considered the last capable emperor of Tang China. Succeeding emperors after Xuanzong would either be too young or be dominated by eunuchs or warlords. Emperor Xuanzong was the 13th son of Emperor Xianzong (r. 806–820) and an uncle of the previous three emperors, Emperor Jingzong, Emperor Wenzong, and Emperor Wuzong.

To distinguish Emperor Xuanzong from his ancestor Emperor Xuánzong (personal name Li Longji), as their temple names are rendered identically in Wade–Giles and when pinyin tonal marks are not used, Xuanzong is occasionally referred to as Xuanzong II in western sources; in Chinese, however, their memorial titles (宣宗 for him and 玄宗 for Li Longji) are clearly distinct and this device is not used.
Acquacotta
Acquacotta (Italian: [ˌakkwaˈkɔtta]; lit. 'cooked water') is an Italian broth-based bread soup that was originally a peasant food. Its preparation and consumption dates back to ancient history, and it originated in the coastal area known as the Maremma, in southern Tuscany and northern Lazio. The dish was invented in part as a means to make hardened, stale bread edible. In contemporary times, ingredients can vary, and additional ingredients are sometimes used. Variations of the dish include acquacotta con funghi and acquacotta con peperoni.

Bread soup
Bread soup is a simple soup that mainly consists of bread, usually stale bread. Variations exist in many countries, and it is often eaten during Lent. Both brown and white bread may be used.

The basis for bread soup is traditionally either meat soup or vegetable broth. Less often it is made with fish broth. To prepare the dish, the bread is either cut into pieces and put directly into the broth, or it is cooked with onions and spices in a broth and then pureed.

Some versions add bacon, egg and cream, others liver sausage or blood sausage. A common version of the dish is prepared from the broth remaining from the steeping of sausage during home butchering of pigs. The soup is then traditionally seasoned with marjoram. An Italian variation, millefanti, also uses egg and Parmesan cheese. Some fine variations contain wine. Other more rustic versions contain malt or beer.
Adam Clark (engineer)
Adam Clark (Hungarian: Clark Ádám; 14 August 1811 – 23 June 1866) was a Scottish civil engineer who is best known for his career in Hungary. His most famous work is the Széchenyi Chain Bridge over the Danube River in Budapest, which was one of the longest bridges in the world when it opened. Clark oversaw its construction from 1839 to 1849, and ensured its safety during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He remained in Hungary after the bridge's completion, and married a Hungarian.

Széchenyi Chain Bridge
The Széchenyi Chain Bridge (Hungarian: Széchenyi lánchíd [ˈseːt͡ʃeːɲi ˈlaːnt͡shiːd]) is a chain bridge that spans the River Danube between Buda and Pest, the western and eastern sides of Budapest, the capital of Hungary. Designed by English engineer William Tierney Clark and built by Scottish engineer Adam Clark, it was the first permanent bridge across the Danube in Hungary. It was opened in 1849. It is anchored on the Pest side of the river to Széchenyi Square (formerly Roosevelt Square), adjacent to the Gresham Palace and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and on the Buda side to Adam Clark Square, near the Zero Kilometre Stone and the lower end of the Castle Hill Funicular, leading to Buda Castle.

The bridge bears the name of István Széchenyi, a major supporter of its construction, but is most commonly known as the "Chain Bridge". At the time of its construction, it was regarded as a marvel of modern engineering. Its decorations are made of cast iron.
General Atomics XQ-67A
The General Atomics XQ-67A is a developmental unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) built by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) for the United States Air Force Off-Board Sensing Station program and as a prototype for the collaborative combat aircraft (CCA) program.

Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie
The Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie is an experimental stealth unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) designed and built by Kratos Defense & Security Solutions for the United States Air Force's Low Cost Attritable Strike Demonstrator (LCASD) program, under the USAF Research Laboratory's Low Cost Attritable Aircraft Technology (LCAAT) project portfolio. It was initially designated the XQ-222. The Valkyrie completed its first flight on 5 March 2019 at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona.
Automotive aftermarket
The automotive aftermarket is the secondary parts market of the automotive industry, concerned with the manufacturing, remanufacturing, distribution, retailing, and installation of all vehicle parts, chemicals, equipment, and accessories, after the sale of the automobile by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to the consumer. The parts, accessories, etc. for sale may or may not be manufactured by the OEM.

The aftermarket encompasses parts for replacement, collision, appearance, and performance. The aftermarket provides a wide variety of parts of varying qualities and prices for nearly all vehicle makes and models.

Consumers have the option of repairing their vehicles themselves (the "do-it-yourself" or "DIY" segment) or can take the vehicle to a professional repair facility (the "do-it-for me" or "DIFM" segment).
The aftermarket helps keep vehicles on the road by providing consumers the choice of where they want their vehicles serviced, maintained, or customized.

Automobile repair shop
An automobile repair shop (also known regionally as a garage or a workshop) is an establishment where automobiles are repaired by auto mechanics and technicians. The customer  interface is typically a service advisor, traditionally called a service writer.
Massa Marittima railway station
Massa Marittima railway station was an Italian railway station on the Massa Marittima–Follonica railway line, located in the village of Ghirlanda, serving the town of Massa Marittima, Province of Grosseto, Tuscany.

Massa Marittima
Massa Marittima (Latin: Massa Veternensis) is a town and comune of the province of Grosseto, southern Tuscany, Italy, 49 km NNW of Grosseto.

There are mineral springs, mines of iron, mercury, lignite and copper, with foundries, ironworks and olive-oil mills. In Follonica, on the coast, there are furnaces where the iron ore of Elba is smelted.
Baltimore Hebrew Congregation Synagogue
Baltimore Hebrew Congregation Synagogue is an historic former Reform Jewish synagogue building located in the Madison Park neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States.

The former synagogue, built as an early place of worship of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, is built of ashlar gray granite from Port Deposit. It is a well-executed Byzantine Revival building, designed by Charles L. Carson, a Baltimore architect.  It features a large central dome, 40 feet (12 m) in diameter, resting on a high octagonal drum pierced by rectangular windows of stained glass and two tall octagonal towers flanking the main entrance.

Baltimore Hebrew Congregation Synagogue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and lies within the Madison Park Historic District, however outside the Baltimore National Heritage Area.

The building was acquired by the Berea Temple Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1960, and repurposed as a church.

Baltimore Hebrew Congregation
The Baltimore Hebrew Congregation is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 7401 Park Heights Avenue, in Pikesville, on the border of Baltimore City and Baltimore County, Maryland, in the United States.
Synanceiidae
Synanceiidae, the stonefishes, are a family of ray-finned fish in the order Perciformes, found in the Indo-Pacific region. They are close relatives of the scorpionfishes, with both placed in the suborder Scorpaenoidei. Many members of this family, most famously the subfamily Synanceiinae, are venomous. A majority of species in this family are marine, but some such as Notesthes robusta inhabit freshwater habitats.

All synanceiids share the unique defense mechanism of a "lachrymal saber", a switchblade-like spine found under each eye (being attached to the lachrymal bone) that can be projected forwards via movement of the maxilla.

Bullrout
The bullrout (Notesthes robusta), also commonly called freshwater stonefish or kroki, is a pale yellowish to dark-brown  coloured fish that lives in tidal estuaries and slow-flowing streams in eastern Australia, from southern New South Wales to northern Queensland. It has on a very infrequent occurrence been caught at sea. Its spines are venomous. It is the only member of the genus Notesthes. It is often confused with the true stonefish.
VC Dynamo Moscow
VC Dynamo Moscow (Russian: ВК Динамо Москва) is a Russian professional men's volleyball team based in Moscow which is playing in the Super League. Dynamo Moscow won the title of Russian Championionship for times (2006, 2008, 2021, 2022). The club won a silver and two bronze medals at the CEV Champions League.

Russian Volleyball Super League
The Russian Volleyball Super League (RVSL) (Russian: Волейбольная суперлига) is the top league of Russian  professional volleyball. It was founded in 1992, and it is considered to be the continuer of the Soviet top league, founded in 1933.
Vaishali Rameshbabu
Vaishali Rameshbabu (born 21 June 2001) is an Indian chess grandmaster. She notably became a two-time champion of the FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament in 2023 and 2025, securing qualification for two editions of the  Women's Candidates Tournament in 2024 and 2026 respectively. She also won the bronze medal at Women's World Blitz Chess Championship 2024.

She is the elder sister of chess grandmaster R Praggnanandhaa.

FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament 2025
The FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament 2025 was the third edition of the FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament, a chess tournament that forms part of the qualification cycle for the Women's World Chess Championship. It was an 11-round Swiss-system tournament with 56 players competing from 4 September to 15 September 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. The winner, Vaishali Rameshbabu, and the runner-up, Kateryna Lagno, earned the right to the play in the Women's Candidates Tournament 2026.

The event was held at the same time and venue as the FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 2025. Divya Deshmukh and Aleksandra Goryachkina, who had already qualified for the Women's Candidates, had played in the open event rather than the women's event.
Malaita
Malaita is the primary island of Malaita Province in Solomon Islands. Malaita is the most populous island of the Solomon Islands, with a population of 161,832 as of 2021, or more than a third of the entire national population. It is also the second largest island in the country by area, after Guadalcanal.

The largest city and provincial capital is Auki, on the northwest coast and is on the northern shore of the Langa Langa Lagoon. The people of the Langa Langa Lagoon and the Lau Lagoon on the northeast coast of Malaita call themselves wane i asi ‘salt-water people’ as distinct from wane i tolo ‘bush people’ who live in the interior of the island.

South Malaita Island, also known as Small Malaita and Maramasike for ꞋAreꞌare speakers and Malamweimwei known to more than 80% of the islanders, is the  island at the southern tip of the larger island of Malaita.

South Malaita Island
South Malaita Island is the island at the southern tip of the larger island of Malaita in the eastern part of Solomon Islands. It is also known as Small Malaita and Maramasike for Areare speakers and Malamweimwei for more than 80% of the islanders. The island is referred to as Iola Raha. It is called "small" to distinguish it from the much larger sibling. It is part of Malaita Province. South Malaita came under effective control of the colonial administration after the Solomon Islands was declared a British Protectorate in 1893. During the colonial days, the island was divided by the colonial government and missionary establishments into the Asimeuri, Asimae, and Raroisu'u districts.
HMS Crescent (1931)
HMS Crescent was a  C-class destroyer which was built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. The ship was initially assigned to the Home Fleet, although she was temporarily deployed in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean during the Abyssinia Crisis of 1935–36. Crescent was sold to the Royal Canadian Navy in late 1936 and renamed HMCS Fraser. She was stationed on the west coast of Canada until the beginning of World War II when she was transferred to the Atlantic coast for convoy escort duties. The ship was transferred to the United Kingdom (UK) in May 1940 and helped to evacuate refugees from France upon her arrival in early June. Fraser was sunk on 25 June 1940 in a collision with the anti-aircraft cruiser HMS Calcutta while returning from one such mission.

HMS Comet (H00)
HMS Comet was a C-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. She saw service in the Home and Mediterranean Fleets and the ship spent six months during the Spanish Civil War in late 1936 in Spanish waters, enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict. Comet transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in 1938 and renamed HMCS Restigouche. During World War II, she served as a convoy escort in the battle of the Atlantic, on anti-submarine patrols during the invasion of Normandy, and was employed as a troop transport after VE Day for returning Canadian servicemen, before being decommissioned in late 1945. Restigouche was sold for scrap in 1946.