hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Ruck
Major-General Sir Richard Mathews Ruck, KBE, CB, CMG (27 May 1851 – 17 March 1935) was a British Army officer who served with the Royal Engineers, spending most of his career in the Submarine Mining Service, before becoming the Director of Fortifications and Works (the equivalent of the Chief Royal Engineer). He was a keen amateur sportsman, who played football for the Royal Engineers, helping them to victory in the 1875 FA Cup Final.

1875 FA Cup final
The 1875 FA Cup final was a football match between Royal Engineers and Old Etonians on 13 March 1875 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the fourth final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Heading into the final, the Royal Engineers were playing in their third final after losing the 1872 and 1874 finals while the Old Etonians were playing in their first FA Cup final.

Prior to the final, the Royal Engineers had played one more match than the Old Etonians with the Etonians getting a bye in the second round due to the odd number of the teams that had entered the tournament. 2,000 people saw the match which ended in a 1–1 draw, Henry Renny-Tailyour scored for the Engineers but Alexander Bonsor replied to have the match end in a draw and have the final being replayed for the first time with two goals from Renny-Tailyour sealing the Royal Engineers' first and only FA Cup title.
Frank Gilliam (American football)
Frank Gilliam (January 7, 1934 – April 2, 2023) was an American football player and coach. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes. He later played professionally for several seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL).  After his playing career, he was an assistant coach for Iowa. Gilliam was a member of the University of Iowa’s all-time football team.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
Mikoyan MiG-27
The Mikoyan MiG-27 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-27; NATO reporting name: Flogger-D/J) is a variable-sweep ground-attack aircraft, originally built by the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau in the Soviet Union and later licence-produced in India by Hindustan Aeronautics as the Bahadur ("Valiant"). It is based on the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 fighter aircraft, but optimised for air-to-ground attack.  Unlike the MiG-23, the MiG-27 did not have widespread use outside the Soviet Union, as most countries opted for the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23BN and Sukhoi Su-22 instead. As of late 2023, all Russian, Indian, Sri Lankan, Ukrainian, and Kazakh MiG-27s have been retired, bringing the type's service to an end.

Sukhoi Su-7
The Sukhoi Su-7 (NATO designation name: Fitter-A) is a swept wing, supersonic fighter aircraft developed by the Soviet Union in 1955. Originally, it was designed as a tactical, low-level dogfighter, but was not successful in this role. On the other hand, the soon-introduced Su-7B series became the main Soviet fighter-bomber and ground-attack aircraft of the 1960s. The Su-7 was rugged in its simplicity, but its Lyulka AL-7 engine had such high fuel consumption that it seriously limited the aircraft's payload, as even short-range missions required that at least two hardpoints be used to carry drop tanks rather than ordnance.
Ned Hanlan
Edward "Ned" Hanlan (12 July 1855 – 4 January 1908) was a Canadian professional sculler, hotelier, and alderman from Toronto, Ontario. He was the world sculling champion from 1880 to 1884. According to Rowing Canada Aviron, Hanlan is "widely regarded as Canada’s first individual sporting hero."

World Sculling Championship
The World Sculling Championship (1863–1957), evolved from the Championship of the Thames for professional scullers.

Only the sport of boxing claims an older Championship of the World. It is notable that Jack Broughton, the "Father of Boxing", trained scullers for prize contests which had their roots in wager races which had taken place from the middle of the 18th century on the Thames.
Brenda Lawrence
Brenda Lawrence (née Lulenar;  born October 18, 1954) is an American retired politician and postal worker who served as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 14th congressional district from 2015 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, Lawrence served as mayor of Southfield, Michigan, from 2001 to 2015, and was the party's nominee for Oakland County executive in 2008 and for lieutenant governor in 2010. Her congressional district covered most of eastern Detroit, including downtown, and stretched west to take in portions of Oakland County, including Farmington Hills, Pontiac, and Lawrence's home in Southfield.

Redrawn into the 12th district, Lawrence did not seek reelection in 2022, and retired from Congress upon her fourth term's expiration in 2023.

Michigan's 14th congressional district
Michigan's 14th congressional district was a congressional district that stretched from eastern Detroit westward to Farmington Hills, then north to the suburb of Pontiac. From 1993 to 2013, it was based entirely in Wayne County.

It was last represented by Brenda Lawrence.

According to Michigan's law on redistricting, the highest numbered district must be in the southeast corner of the state. However, despite being the highest numbered district, the 14th district was not in the southeast corner of the state during its final decade of existence; the 7th district was.

After the 2020 U.S. census, Michigan's 14th district was removed in the 2020 United States redistricting cycle.
ABC islands
12°16′N 69°05′W﻿ / ﻿12.27°N 69.08°W﻿ / 12.27; -69.08

The ABC islands are the physical group of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, the three westernmost islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. These islands have a shared political history and a status of Dutch underlying ownership, since the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 ceded them back to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as Curaçao and Dependencies from 1815. They are a short distance north of the Falcón State, Venezuela. Aruba and Curaçao are autonomous, self governing constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, while Bonaire is a special municipality of the Netherlands. Territories of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the countries, and its special municipalities, are outside the European Union; citizens have Dutch nationality and the former colonial power benefits from preferential trade, mineral and natural resource rights, particularly offshore.

Leeward Antilles
The Leeward Antilles (Dutch: Benedenwindse Eilanden; Spanish: islas de Sotavento) are a chain of islands in the Caribbean,  specifically part of the southerly islands of the Lesser Antilles (and, in turn, the Antilles and the West Indies) along the southeastern fringe of the Caribbean Sea, just north of the Venezuelan coast of the South American mainland. The Leeward Antilles, while among the Lesser Antilles, are not to be confused with the Leeward Islands (also of the Lesser Antilles) to the northeast.

Largely lacking in volcanic activity, the Leeward Antilles island arc occurs along the deformed southern edge of the Caribbean Plate and was formed by the plate's subduction under the South American Plate. Recent studies indicate that the Leeward Antilles are accreting to South America.
Mike Hanke
Mike Hanke (German pronunciation: [maɪk ˈhaŋkə]; born 5 November 1983) is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for the Bundesliga clubs Schalke 04, VfL Wolfsburg, Hannover 96, Borussia Mönchengladbach and SC Freiburg, among others. Hanke also earned 17 caps for the Germany national team between 2005 and 2007 and was in the teams that finished third at the 2005 Confederations Cup and 2006 World Cup on home soil.

2005 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup football tournament was the seventh FIFA Confederations Cup. It was held in Germany between 15 June and 29 June 2005, as a prelude to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The tournament was won by 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América winners Brazil, who defeated Argentina 4–1 in the final at the Waldstadion in Frankfurt. The final was a rematch of the 2004 Copa América final, which was also won by Brazil. It was Brazil's second win at the Confederations Cup. After winning the 2005 tournament, the 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América, Brazil became the first country to be the reigning World Cup champions, Confederations Cup champions, and continental champions twice, having previously achieved this feat in 1997 when they won the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 1997 Copa América, and 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Gordon Gould
Richard Gordon Gould (July 17, 1920 – September 16, 2005) was an American physicist who is sometimes credited with the invention of the laser and the optical amplifier. (Credit for the invention of the laser is disputed, since Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow were the first to publish the theory and Theodore Maiman was the first to build a working laser). Gould is best known for his thirty-year fight with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to obtain patents for the laser and related technologies. He also fought with laser manufacturers in court battles to enforce the patents he subsequently did obtain.

Arthur Leonard Schawlow
Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921 – April 28, 1999) was an American physicist who, along with Charles Townes, developed the theoretical basis for laser science. His central insight was the use of two mirrors as the resonant cavity to take maser action from microwaves to visible wavelengths. He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for his work using lasers to determine atomic energy levels with great precision.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has 20,305 staff working in 136 countries as of December 2023.

Humanitarian protection
Humanitarian protection is the act of promoting and ensuring the legal rights of people affected by humanitarian crises.

The concept of humanitarian protection was established by the 1949 Geneva Conventions and responsibility to ensure protection was mandated to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Outside of times of crises, national governments tend to have responsibility to ensure that people's rights are protected, but during humanitarian emergencies aid agencies often perform the task. Humanitarian protection by non-governmental agencies is coordinated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

A growing unmet need for humanitarian protection was identified in 2015, exacerbated by a major gap in donor-funding of humanitarian protection activities.
Laila Taher
Laila Taher (born 1942, Arabic: ليلي طاهر, Sherouette Moustafa Ibrahim, Arabic: شيرويت مصطفي إبراهيم) is an Egyptian film, stage, television actress and presenter who is mostly known for her successful collaborations with Salah Zulfikar in film, television and theater. She participated in over hundred artworks through her career mostly in television. In films, Taher is known for her notable roles in; Saladin the Victorious (1963), Soft Hands (1963), A Husband on Vacation (1964), Al Qadisiyya (1981), and The Peacock (1982). And her television roles include; Monsieur Le Directeur (1988) and The Family of Mr. Shalash (1990).

The Family of Mr Shalash
The Family of Mr Shalash (Arabic: عائلة الأستاذ شلش, translit: A’elat El Ostath Shalash or Eayilat al'ustadh shalash, aliases: Mr. Shalash’s Family, French: La famille Chalache) is an Egyptian comedy drama miniseries directed by Mohamed Nabih. Salah Zulfikar stars as Mr. Farouk Shalash. The series is based on a story written by Mohamed Nabih and Ahmed Awad. It was aired for the first time during Ramadan on 27 March 1990 on Egyptian television.
Madeira–Tapajós moist forests
The Madeira–Tapajós moist forests (NT0135) is an ecoregion in the Amazon basin. It is part of the Amazon biome.
The ecoregion extends southwest from the Amazon River between its large Madeira and Tapajós tributaries, and crosses the border into Bolivia.
In the south it transitions into the cerrado biome of Mato Grosso.
In the state of Rondônia it contains some of the most degraded land of the Amazon basin.

Mato Grosso tropical dry forests
The Mato Grosso tropical dry forests (NT0140), also called the Mato Grosso seasonal forests, is an ecoregion in central Brazil to the south of the Amazon region. 
It contains vegetation in the transition between the Amazon rainforest to the north and the cerrado savanna to the south.
The opening of highways through the region has caused rapid population growth, deforestation and pollution.
Doreen Giuliano
Doreen Quinn Giuliano is the mother of John Giuca, who in 2003 was convicted of the murder of Mark Fisher. Giuliano went undercover to investigate possible juror misconduct in the trial. Because of her activities, Giuliano has been called "Mother Justice."

Her story has been reported by  The Guardian, Vanity Fair, ABC's Nightline, WCHB Detroit's Mildred in the Morning, Anderson Live, the radio program Here and Now, and other media outlets.

Murder of Mark Fisher
The murder of Mark Fisher occurred in the early morning hours of October 12, 2003, when the 19-year-old college student was beaten, shot five times, and left on Argyle Road in Prospect Park South, Brooklyn.

On October 19, 2005, co-defendants Antonio Russo and John Giuca were convicted of second-degree felony murder for Fisher's death and sentenced to 25 years to life for his murder.
Foxon Park
Foxon Park is a soft drink brand produced by Foxon Park Beverage Company. The company is located in East Haven, Connecticut. Their sodas are a traditional accompaniment to the New Haven-style pizza sold throughout the area. They are also served at Louis' Lunch. Flavors include: cream soda, white birch, grape, orange, ginger ale, kola, gassosa, lemon-lime, root beer, iron brew, strawberry, sparkling water, tonic water, and cherry. Foxon Park is noted for using natural ingredients as well as utilizing cane sugar as a sweetener, unlike most soft drinks which use high fructose corn syrup. Their slogan is "All-Ways in Good Taste."

East Haven, Connecticut
East Haven is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 27,923. The town is located 3 miles (5 km) east of New Haven, and is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. East Haven is 35 miles (56 km) from Hartford, 82 miles (132 km) from New York City, 99 miles (159 km) from Providence, Rhode Island, and 140 miles (230 km) from Boston.
Henderson, New Zealand
Henderson is a suburb of West Auckland, New Zealand. It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of Auckland city centre, and two kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Whau River, a southwestern arm of the Waitematā Harbour.

Henderson initially developed around the mill of Thomas Henderson and was known as Henderson's Mill. As it expanded it became known as just Henderson and later it became an independent borough. As part of the 1989 local government reforms it became the centre of Waitakere City until Waitakere City was amalgamated to form the new Auckland Council.

Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek
The Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek is an estuarine river in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It flows north from its sources in the Henderson Valley and Titirangi, before reaching the western Waitematā Harbour.
Mykola Lytvyn
Mykola Mykhailovych Lytvyn (Ukrainian: Микола Михайлович Литвин; born 8 March 1961) was a chief of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine since 2003, and then General of the Army of Ukraine in 2008. He resigned in 2014.

General of the Army of Ukraine
General of the Army of Ukraine (Ukrainian: генерал армії України, romanized: heneral armiyi Ukrayiny) was a general officer and was the highest possible rank in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. General of army of Ukraine ranks immediately above a colonel general and has no equivalent naval rank. The rank was also given to general of interior service or civil defense of Ukraine.

The first person to be awarded the rank was Andriy Vasylyshyn on August 19, 1993.

On November 13, 1918, the Minister of Defense Oleksander Hrekov awarded to the soldier congress delegate in Directorate Symon Petlyura the rank of Supreme Otaman. That award was the only official occurrence of that unique rank.

After October 2020, the rank is not given.
Dipika Damerla
Dipika Damerla is a Canadian politician in Mississauga, Ontario. She is the current Mississauga City Councillor for Ward 7, the neighbourhood of Cooksville, since her swearing-in on December 3, 2018. Previously, Damerla was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario representing the riding of Mississauga East—Cooksville from 2011 to 2018. She served as Minister of Seniors Affairs in the Cabinet of Premier Kathleen Wynne. On March 7, 2024, Damerla announced that she would run in the 2024 Mississauga mayoral by-election. She placed third with 19.4%, losing to Carolyn Parrish.

2024 Mississauga mayoral by-election
The 2024 Mississauga mayoral by-election was held on June 10, 2024, to elect the 7th mayor of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, to serve the remainder of the 2022-2026 term following the resignation of mayor Bonnie Crombie. The election, held under first-past-the-post voting, was won by Carolyn Parrish, a city councillor and former member of Parliament (MP). She defeated fellow city councillors Alvin Tedjo, Dipika Damerla, Stephen Dasko, and 16 other candidates. Parrish was sworn in as mayor on June 24.

A by-election for city councillor was held in Ward 5 on the same date, with incumbent councillor Parrish choosing to resign her seat in council to run in the mayoral by-election. That race was won by Natalie Hart who was also sworn in on June 24.
Orlando Brown (actor)
Orlando Brown (born December 4, 1987) is an American rapper, singer, restaurateur and former actor. He is best known for his roles as Eddie Thomas on That's So Raven, Cadet Kevin "Tiger" Dunne in Major Payne, Nelson in The Jamie Foxx Show, 3J Winslow on Family Matters, and Max on Two of a Kind. He was the title protagonist on both the Waynehead (as Damey Wayne) and Fillmore! (as Cornelius Fillmore) animated series. He also played Sticky Webb in The Proud Family. In 2023, Brown was cast in the second season of the Zeus Network reality television show Bad Boys: Texas. In 2025, he opened a restaurant called Orlando Brown's Million Dollar Fried Chicken in Phoenix, Arizona.

Fillmore!
Fillmore! is an American animated television series created by Scott M. Gimple for ABC and, later, Toon Disney. It originally ran for two seasons from 2002 to 2004. A homage to popular police dramas of the 1970s, Fillmore! is centered on reformed juvenile delinquent Cornelius Fillmore and his new partner, Ingrid Third, members of the Safety Patrol at X Middle School.

It was the last series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation for ABC, before producing shows exclusively with Disney Channel and its sister channels. It maintains a dedicated fanbase and is considered a cult hit. Reruns later aired on Disney Channel, Toon Disney, and Disney XD.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Marathi: बाळ गंगाधर टिळक pronunciationⓘ; born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation: [keʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək]); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), was an Indian nationalist and self-rule activist in the Indian independence movement. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. The honorific "Lokmanya" (meaning "accepted by the people as their leader") was applied to him by his supporters.

Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ('self-rule') and is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with the leaders of the "New Party" (Nationalists), joining forces with Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghose to advocate for self-rule. He also worked with V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah who later oversaw Pakistan's independence from British rule.

V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
Vallinayagam Olaganathan Chidambaram Pillai  (5 September 1872 - 18 November 1936) was an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, businessman, Tamil scholar, and politician. He founded the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in 1906 to compete against the monopoly of the British India Steam Navigation Company (BISNC). He launched the first indigenous Indian shipping service between Tuticorin in British India and Colombo in Ceylon. Once a member of the Indian National Congress, he was later charged with sedition by the British government and sentenced to life imprisonment, and his barrister license was revoked. He is known by the epithet Kappalottiya Tamizhan ("Tamil helmsman"). Tuticorin Port Trust, one of India's thirteen major ports, is named after him.
Udupi
Udupi (Kannada: [uɖupi]) also known as Odipu (Tulu: [oɖipu]) is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Udupi district, and one of the fastest-growing cities in Karnataka. Udupi is one of the top tourist attractions in Karnataka and has various educational institutions. It is notable for the Krishna Temple and is also known as the temple city. It also lends its name to the popular Udupi cuisine, is also known as Parashurama Kshetra, and is famous for Kanakana kindi. Udupi district is located in western part of Karnataka.

Udupi Sri Krishna Matha
Udupi Shri Krishna Temple is a well-known historic Hindu temple dedicated to Krishna and Dvaita Matha, located in the city of Udupi in Karnataka, India. The Matha area resembles a living ashram, a holy place for daily devotion and living. Surrounding the Shri Krishna Temple are several temples namely the Udupi Anantheshwara Temple which is over a thousand years old.
CAP computer
The Cambridge CAP computer was the first successful experimental computer that demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software. It was developed at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in the 1970s. Unlike most research machines of the time, it was also a useful service machine.

The sign currently on the front of the machine reads:

The CAP project on memory protection ran from 1970 to 1977. It was based on capabilities implemented in hardware, under M. Wilkes and R. Needham with D. Wheeler responsible for the implementation. R. Needham was awarded a BCS Technical Award in 1978 for the CAP (Capability Protection) Project.

Maurice Wilkes
Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913 – 29 November 2010) was an English computer scientist who designed and helped build the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC), one of the earliest stored-program computers, and who invented microprogramming, a method for using stored-program logic to operate the control unit of a central processing unit's circuits. In 1967 he won the ACM Turing Award. At the time of his death, Wilkes was an Emeritus Professor at the University of Cambridge.