hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Climate spiral
A climate spiral (sometimes referred to as a temperature spiral) is an animated data visualization graphic designed as a "simple and effective demonstration of the progression of global warming", especially for general audiences.

The original climate spiral was published on 9 May 2016 by British climate scientist Ed Hawkins to portray global average temperature anomaly (change) since 1850. The visualization graphic has since been expanded to represent other time-varying quantities such as atmospheric CO2 concentration, carbon budget, and arctic sea ice volume.

Ed Hawkins (climatologist)
Edward Hawkins MBE (born 1977) is a British climate scientist who is Professor of climate science at the University of Reading, principal research scientist at the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), editor of Climate Lab Book blog and lead scientist for the Weather Rescue citizen science project. He is known for his data visualizations of climate change for the general public such as warming stripes and climate spirals.
Bashiqa
Bashiqa (Arabic: بعشيقة, romanized: Ba'shīqah; Kurdish: بەعشیقە, romanized: Başîqa; Syriac: ܒܥܫܝܩܐ) is a town situated at the heart of the Nineveh plain, between Mosul and Sheikhan, on the edges of Mount Maqlub. The inhabitants of the town are predominantly Yazidis.

The urban area of Bashiqa and Bahzani had the third largest Yazidi population in Iraq prior to the Yazidi genocide. Whilst Bahzani contains older buildings with numerous ancient sites, Bashiqa is more modern and consists mainly of newer infrastructure and architecture. Between 2014 and 2016, ISIS destroyed 22 Yazidi mausoleums that were located in Bashiqa and Bahzani, the Yazidi libraries were demolished and the famous sacred olive grove in Bahzani was burnt.

Around 85% of the population is Yazidi in 2021. The remaining 15% are 390 ethnic Christian Assyrians which include around 300 Syriac Orthodox families and 90 Syriac Catholic families.

Bahzani
Bahzani (Kurdish: به‌حزانی, romanized: Bahzanê, Arabic: بحزاني), literally from the Syriac words meaning "house of treasure," is a town located in the Al-Hamdaniya District of the Ninawa Governorate in northern Iraq.
LHDC (codec)
Low Latency High-Definition Audio Codec (LHDC) is an audio codec technology developed by Savitech. LHDC allows high-resolution audio streaming over Bluetooth. It is a high-quality Bluetooth codec based on the A2DP Bluetooth protocol and allows a bit-rate of up to 1000 kbps compared to SBC's bit rate of 345 kbps.

LHDC is an alternative to Bluetooth SIG's SBC and LC3 codecs. Its main competitors are Qualcomm's aptX-HD/aptX Adaptive, Huawei 
's L2HC and Sony's LDAC codec.

Starting from Android 10, enumeration constant symbols for LHDC and LLAC are part of the Android Open Source Project, enabling every OEM to integrate this standard into their own Android devices freely. Older versions of Android require LHDC/LLAC enumeration constant symbols to be implemented by the smartphone manufacturers or Android app. Android apps with this type of LHDC support include Savitech's Hi-Res BT Player, FiiO Music, HIFIMAN Music and DA&T Audio.

LDAC (codec)
LDAC is a proprietary, lossy audio coding technology developed by Sony, designed for streaming audio over Bluetooth connections at up to 990 kbps at 32 bits/96 kHz. It is used by various products, including headphones, earphones, smartphones, portable media players, active speakers, and home theaters.

The encoder of LDAC is open-source under Apache License 2.0, so that any device can be coded to transmit LDAC streams without patent or licensing issues. The decoder design remains proprietary.
Ernie Reyes Sr.
Ernesto E. Reyes, Sr. (born February 12, 1947) is an American martial artist, actor and fight choreographer who is the co-founder and head instructor of West Coast World Martial Arts, where he has been teaching for more than 35 years. He is the father of five, including fellow actors Ernie Jr. (born Ernesto E. III) and Lee Reyes.

Ernie Reyes Jr.
Ernie Reyes Jr. (born January 15, 1972) is an American actor and martial artist, known for his acting work in films such as The Last Dragon, Red Sonja (1985), as Donatello's stuntman in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze (1991), Surf Ninjas (1993) and The Rundown (2003). He has also done stunt work in films such as Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, as well as motion capture stunts in films such as Avatar and Alice in Wonderland. His TV work includes season 3 episode 4 of Highway to Heaven, dramas such as the short-lived Sidekicks (in which he co-starred with Gil Gerard), and NCIS: Los Angeles and reality TV series such as Final Fu.
Pakorn P.K. Saenchai Muaythaigym
Pakorn Musiphon (Thai: ปกรณ์ มุสิผล; born August 14, 1990), known professionally as Pakorn P.K.SaenchaiMuayThaiGym (Thai: ปกรณ์ พี.เค.แสนชัยมวยไทยยิม), is a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter.  He is a Lumpinee Stadium champion at Lightweight, a Rajadamnern Stadium champion at Super Flyweight, and a -65kg Yokkao champion. He holds wins over fighters such as Sagetdao Petpayathai, Jomthong Chuwattana, Nong-O Kaiyanghadaogym, Pornsanae Sitmonchai and Kongsak Sitboonmee.

Pornsanae Sitmonchai
Tanet Jinjaiyen (Thai: พรเสน่ห์ ศิษย์มนต์ชัย; born August 7, 1981), known professionally as Pornsanae Sitmonchai (Thai: พรเสน่ห์ ศิษย์มนต์ชัย), is a Thai former professional Muay Thai fighter. He is a former two-time Lumpinee Stadium champion and one-time Rajadamnern Stadium champion across three divisions who was famous during the 2000s and 2010s. Nicknamed the "Provincial Menace", he was especially known for his low kicks and aggressive fighting style.
Volkswagen Transporter (T4)
The Volkswagen Transporter (T4), marketed in North America as the Volkswagen EuroVan, is a van produced by the German manufacturer Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles between 1990 and 2004, succeeding the Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) and superseded by the Volkswagen Transporter (T5).

Volkswagen Type 2 (T3)
The Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) is the third generation of the Volkswagen Transporter. It was marketed under various nameplates worldwide – including the Transporter or Caravelle in Europe and Australia, Type 25 (T25) in the UK, Microbus and Kombi in South Africa, Kampeerauto in Netherlands, Combi  in France and Vanagon in North and South America.

It was larger, heavier, and more angular in its styling than its T2 predecessor, but shared the same rear-engine, cab-over design. It was produced in a rear wheel drive version as well as a 4WD version marketed as "Syncro."

The T3 was manufactured in Hannover, Germany from 1978 until 1991. Production of the Syncro continued until 1992 at Puch in Graz, Austria, where all 4WDs were built. A limited number of 2WD models were also produced at the Graz factory after German production had ended. South African production of the T3 continued, for that market only, until 2002.

The T3 was the final generation of rear-engined Volkswagens.
Patti Smith: Dream of Life
Patti Smith: Dream of Life is a 2008 documentary film about Patti Smith directed by Steven Sebring. It was presented at Berlin International Film Festival. The movie won the "Excellence in Cinematography Award: Documentary" at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and aired on the PBS series P.O.V. on December 30, 2009.

A Patti Smith: Dream of Life app for the iPad was published in May 2011.

Patti Smith
Patricia Lee Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, poet, painter, author, and photographer. Her 1975 debut album Horses made her an influential member of the New York City–based punk rock movement. Smith has fused rock and poetry in her work. In 1978, her most widely known song, "Because the Night," co-written with Bruce Springsteen, reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number five on the UK Singles Chart.

In 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture. In 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In November 2010, Smith won the National Book Award for her memoir Just Kids, written to fulfill a promise she made to Robert Mapplethorpe, her longtime partner and friend. She is ranked 47th on Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Artists of all Time, published in 2010, and was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2011.
Hillandale, Maryland
Hillandale is an unincorporated area and census-designated place located in Montgomery and Prince George's counties, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,774. Hillandale is contained between the Prince George's / Montgomery County line to the east, the Anacostia River to the west, McCeney Avenue to the north, and D.C.'s Capital Beltway to the south. It borders the communities of Adelphi, Avenel, White Oak and Beltsville.

Adelphi, Maryland
Adelphi is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Per the 2020 Census, the population was 16,823. Adelphi includes the following subdivisions; Adelphi, Adelphi Park, Adelphi Hills, Adelphi Terrace, Adelphi Village, Buck Lodge, Chatham, Cool Spring Terrace, Hillandale Forest, Holly Hill Manor, Knollwood, Lewisdale, and White Oak Manor.
Montagne Center
Neches Federal Credit Union Arena at the Montagne Center, built in 1984, is a mixed-use event center that houses a 10,746-seat a multi-purpose arena and a variety of event spaces in Beaumont, Texas. The Montagne Center was designed especially for the basketball program with a wing designated for instructional purposes. The Montagne Center is currently home to the Lamar University Cardinals, the Lady Cardinals basketball teams, and the Lamar University Pathway Program, Lamar University's language program. The arena was previously the home of the Lady Cardinals volleyball team until renovations to McDonald Gym were completed in 2006–07. The Montagne's instructional area has been home to Lamar's language program since 2010 when the Lamar Language Institute (LLI) first moved there, then transitioned to TIEP at Lamar in 2011, and became the Lamar University Language Program (LUPP) in 2017.

McDonald Gym
McDonald Gym, built in 1958, is located on the campus of Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas. The building was completely renovated in 2006–07 as part of the $17.8-million, 126,000-sq-ft Sheila Umphrey Recreational Center project. The gym's seating capacity was reduced from 4,200 to 500 as part of the renovation. McDonald Gym has been the home of the Lamar Lady Cardinals volleyball team since the renovation. The facility was named after the fourth president of Lamar Dr. F.L. McDonald. (1952–1967) The original construction cost estimate in 1957–58 was $850,000. Chambers Construction Company of Houston, Texas was the main construction contractor. Allco, LLC was the main contractor for the 2006-07 renovation.
Lye
Lye is the common name of various alkaline solutions, including soda lye (a solution of sodium hydroxide) and potash lye (a solution of potassium hydroxide). Lyes are used as cleaning products, as ingredients in soapmaking, and in various other contexts.

Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. About 2.5 million tonnes were produced in 2023. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.  It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive.
Punta Petrona Natural Reserve
Punta Petrona is a cape and protected area located in southern Puerto Rico, in the Felicia 1 district (Spanish: barrio) of the municipality of Santa Isabel. Located in the Caribbean Sea coast, it is bordered by the Rincón Bay to the east, and the bight of Caja de Muertos to the west. Punta Petrona contains a mangrove forest and it is surrounded by small cays, namely the Cayos Caracoles ('shell cays'), Cayos Cabezazos ('head cays') and Cayo Alfeñique ('weak cay'), which serve as a habitats for the West Indian manatee. It is also an important coral reef area frequented by sea turtles. The area is protected as the Punta Petrona Natural Reserve, part of the wider Aguirre State Forest; however, the Puerto Rican Planning Society (Sociedad Puertorriqueña de Planificación) revealed in 2018 that this nature reserve did not have the proper state management and classification regulations.

Punta Petrona can be accessed by private boat from nearby Jauca and El Malecón areas of Santa Isabel.

Aguirre State Forest
The Aguirre State Forest (in Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Aguirre) is a 2,393-acre (9.68 km2) nature reserve on the south coast of Puerto Rico and one of the commonwealth's 20 state forests. It mainly consists of mangrove coasts, keys and floodplain forests, and it borders the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. The Aguirre State Forest is owned and administered by Puerto Rico. It was established in 1918 by Puerto Rico governor Arthur Yager to protect the mangrove forests areas between the municipalities of Guayama and Santa Isabel (Punta Petrona).
Brianne Nadeau
Brianne Nadeau (born October 11, 1980) is an American Democratic politician in Washington, D.C., and a member of the Council of the District of Columbia representing Ward 1 since 2015. She defeated long-time incumbent Jim Graham in the Democratic Party primary and won the general election with 75% of the vote in 2014. She is the first woman to represent Ward 1 on the council and the first D.C. Councilmember to give birth while serving in office.

Jim Graham
James McMillan Nielson Graham (August 26, 1945 – June 11, 2017) was a Scottish-born American politician and a member of the Council of the District of Columbia. As a Democrat he represented Ward 1 in Washington, D.C. from 1999 until 2015.
Kutenai
The Kutenai (/ˈkuːtəneɪ, -niː/ KOO-tə-nay, -⁠nee), also known as the Ktunaxa (/tʌˈnɑːhɑː/ tun-AH-hah; Kutenai: [ktunʌ́χɑ̝]), Ksanka (/kəˈsɑːnkɑː/ kə-SAHN-kah), Kootenay (in Canada) and Kootenai (in the United States), are an indigenous people of Canada and the United States. Kutenai bands live in southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho, and western Montana. The Kutenai language is a language isolate, thus unrelated to the languages of neighboring peoples or any other known language.

Four bands form Ktunaxa Nation in British Columbia. The Ktunaxa Nation was historically closely associated with the Shuswap Indian Band through tribal association and intermarriage. Two federally recognized tribes represent Kutenai people in the U.S.: the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT) in Montana, a confederation also including Bitterroot Salish and Pend d'Oreilles bands.

Kutenai language
Kutenai (/ˈkuːtniː/ KOOT-nee), also Kootenai, Kootenay, Ktunaxa, and Ksanka, is the native language of the Kutenai people of Montana and Idaho in the United States and British Columbia in Canada. It is typically considered a language isolate, unrelated to the Salishan family of languages spoken by neighboring tribes on the coast and in the interior Plateau. The Kutenai also use ʔa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam, Ktunaxa Sign Language.
Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Princess Marie Agnes Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, full German name: Marie Agnes Henriette, Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (5 December 1804 – 9 September 1835) was a member of the House of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and a Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg by birth. Through her marriage to Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein, Agnes was also a member of the House of Löwenstein and Hereditary Princess of Löwenstein. Through her daughter Adelaide of Löwenstein, Agnes is an ancestor to numerous Roman Catholic European royal families.

Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (3 April 1831 – 16 December 1909) was the wife of the deposed king Miguel I of Portugal. As a widow, she secured advantageous marriages for their six daughters.
Rasco
Keida Brewer (born September 6, 1970), known professionally as Rasco (a bacronym for "Realistic, Ambitious, Serious, Cautious, and Organized"), is an American rapper.

Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Rasco became associated with hip hop in California. His first album was released on Stones Throw Records. He is also a member of the rap group Cali Agents with Planet Asia.

Planet Asia
Jason Green (born October 24, 1976), better known as Planet Asia, is an American rapper from Fresno, California. He is prominent for being one half of the now reunited hip hop duo the Cali Agents and is currently a member of the groups Gold Chain Military and Durag Dynasty. He is also well known for his vast discography of mixtapes.
Seilandsjøkelen
Seilandsjøkelen (Norwegian) or Nuortageašjiehkki (Northern Sami) is a glacier that is located on the island of Seiland in Finnmark county, Norway. The 14-square-kilometre (5.4 sq mi) glacier is located in the municipalities of Hammerfest and Alta. The glacier is located inside Seiland National Park, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the mountain Seilandstuva.

Seiland National Park
Seiland National Park (Norwegian: Seiland nasjonalpark or Northern Sami: Sievjju álbmotmeahcci) lies in Alta Municipality and Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The park includes the majority of the island of Seiland, the second-largest island in Finnmark after Sørøya.  The park includes two glaciers: Seilandsjøkelen and Nordmannsjøkelen (the northernmost glaciers in Scandinavia). The highest point in the park is the 1,078-metre (3,537 ft) tall mountain Seilandstuva.  The 316-square-kilometre (122 sq mi) park was established on 8 December 2006.  The 9.6 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi) of the water inside the park's area, includes the surrounding sea and many fjords including the Nordefjorden, Sørefjorden, and Flaskefjorden.
Gao Empire
The Gao Empire was a kingdom that ruled the Niger bend from approximately the 7th century CE until their fall to the Mali Empire in the late 14th century. Ruled by the Za dynasty from the capital of Gao, the empire was an important predecessor of  the Songhai Empire.

Za dynasty
The Zā dynasty (also rendered Dya, Zuwā, Zu’a, Juwā, Jā’, Yā, Diā, and Diu’a, sometimes equated with the Zaghe) were rulers of the Gao Empire based in the towns of Kukiya and Gao on the Niger River in what is today modern Mali; and rulers of the Songhai Empire through Sunni Ali, son of Za Yasibaya (Yasiboi), who established the Sonni Dynasty. The Songhai people are among those descended from this kingdom and the Zarma people of Niger derive their name, which means "the descendants of Za", from this dynasty.
1950 Maccabiah Games
The 3rd Maccabiah (Hebrew: המכביה השלישית) took place during Sukkot from September 27 to October 8, 1950, with 17 countries competing. It was the third edition of the Maccabiah Games and the first held since the independence of the State of Israel; 15 years after the previous Maccabiah. Israel won the 1950 Maccabiah Games, Great Britain was second, South Africa third, the United States fourth, Canada fifth, and Austria sixth.

1935 Maccabiah Games
The 2nd Maccabiah (Hebrew: המכביה השנייה), aka the Aliyah Olympics, which was held in April 1935, was the second edition of the Maccabiah Games. The Games were held despite official opposition by the British Mandatory government. A total of 28 countries were represented by 1,350 athletes. Austria placed first, followed by Germany in second, with Eretz Israel placing third.
Soronian Society
The Soronian Society, also known as Iota Kappa Omicron (ΙΚΟ), is a local sorority at the University of Olivet in Olivet, Michigan. It began as the first women's literary society in the United States in 1847.

University of Olivet
The University of Olivet, formerly known as Olivet College, is a private Christian college in Olivet, Michigan, United States. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It was founded in 1844 by missionaries from Oberlin College, and it followed Oberlin in becoming the second coeducational college or university in the United States.  The University of Olivet is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches and stands in the Reformed tradition of Protestantism.
Port Erin
Port Erin (Manx: Purt Çhiarn 'lord's port' or originally 'Irish port') is a seaside village in the south-west of the Isle of Man, in the historic parish of Rushen. It was previously a seaside resort before the decline of the tourist trade. Administratively it is designated as a village district, with its own board of Commissioners. The district covers around 1 square mile, and is adjacent to: Port St Mary to the south-east; the main part of Arbory and Rushen parish district to the north and east; the sea to the west; and an exclave of Arbory and Rushen parish district (including the village of Cregneash) to the south. Following recent residential expansion, the settlement is now contiguous with that of Port St Mary, and on 18 July 2018 Tynwald authorised a public enquiry into the proposed expansion of the district boundary to include some of this expansion.

The village was twinned with Latour-de-France.

Port St Mary
Port St Mary (Manx: Purt le Moirrey pronounced [poːrt lə ˈmɔrə] or Purt-noo-Moirrey pronounced [poːrt nə ˈmɔrə]) is a village district in the south-west of the Isle of Man. The village takes its name from the former Chapel of St Mary (Manx: Keeill Moirrey) which is thought to have overlooked Chapel Bay in the village. Its population is 1,953 according to the 2011 census. In the 19th century it was sometimes called Port-le-Murray.
Pterin
Pterin is a heterocyclic compound composed of a pteridine ring system, with a "keto group" (a lactam) and an amino group on positions 4 and 2 respectively.  It is structurally related to the parent bicyclic heterocycle called pteridine. Pterins, as a group, are compounds related to pterin with additional substituents.  Pterin itself is of no biological significance.

Pterins were first discovered in the pigments of butterfly wings (hence the origin of their name, from the  Greek pteron (πτερόν), wing) and perform many roles in coloration in the biological world.

Pteridine
A pteridine is a bicyclic heterocyclic system with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 4 in ring A, and two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in ring B. Pteridines constitute a large group of heterocyclic compounds containing a wide variety of substituents on this parent structure. Pterins and flavins are classes of substituted pteridines that have diverse biological roles.
Place Saint-Michel
The Place Saint-Michel (French pronunciation: [plas sɛ̃ miʃɛl]) is a public square in the Latin Quarter of Paris. It lies on the borderline between the 5th and 6th arrondissements, on the left bank of the river Seine. It faces the Île de la Cité, to which it is linked by the Pont Saint-Michel.

Pont Saint-Michel
Pont Saint-Michel (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ sɛ̃ miʃɛl]) is a bridge linking the Place Saint-Michel on the left bank of the river Seine to the Île de la Cité. It was named after the nearby chapel of Saint-Michel.  It is near Sainte Chapelle and the Palais de Justice. The present 62-metre-long bridge dates to 1857.