hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Singapore dollar
The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, Tamil: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.

As of 2024, the Singapore dollar is the 13th most traded currency in the world. Apart from its use in Singapore, the Singapore dollar is also accepted as customary tender in Brunei according to the Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam). Likewise, the Brunei dollar is also customarily accepted in Singapore.

Malaya and British Borneo dollar
The Malaya and British Borneo dollar (Malay: ringgit; Jawi: رڠڬيت) was the currency of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo, Brunei and the Riau archipelago from 1953 to 1967 and was the successor of the Malayan dollar and Sarawak dollar, replacing them at par. The currency was issued by the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo. Prior to 1952, the board was known as the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya.

The Malaya and British Borneo dollar was used in Malaya after independence in 1957, and in Malaysia after its formation in 1963, as well as in Singapore after its independence in 1965. After 1967, the two countries and Brunei ended the common currency arrangement and began issuing their own currencies. However, the Malaya and British Borneo dollar continued to be legal tender until 16 January 1969. The currency was also used in the Riau Archipelago in Indonesia prior to 1963, when it was replaced by the local rupiah.
Yurameki
"Yurameki" (ゆらめき, "Waver") is a single released by Dir En Grey on January 20, 1999, simultaneously along with "Akuro no Oka" and "Zan". The single peaked at number 5 on the Oricon music charts in Japan.

The song was covered by R-Shitei on the compilation Crush! 2 -90's V-Rock Best Hit Cover Songs-, which was released on November 23, 2011 and features current visual kei bands covering songs from bands that were important to the 1990s visual kei movement. For their 25th anniversary, Dir En Grey re-recorded "Yurameki" for the 2024 single "19990120".

Dir En Grey
Dir En Grey (stylized as DIR EN GREY and previously as Dir en grey) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in February 1997 and currently signed to Firewall Div., a sub-division of Free-Will. With a consistent lineup of vocalist Kyo, guitarists Kaoru and Die, bassist Toshiya, and drummer Shinya, they have released eleven full-length albums. Numerous stylistic changes have made the genre of their music difficult to determine, though it is generally considered to be a form of metal. Originally a visual kei band, the members later opted for more subtle attire, but have continued to maintain a dramatic image on stage.
Washington Parish, Louisiana
Washington Parish (French: Paroisse de Washington; Spanish: Parroquia de Washington) is a parish located in the interior southeast corner of the U.S. state of Louisiana, one of the Florida Parishes. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,463. Its parish seat is Franklinton. Its largest city is Bogalusa. The parish was founded in 1819 and is named for President George Washington.

Washington Parish comprises the Bogalusa, LA micropolitan statistical area, which is included in the New Orleans-Metairie-Hammond, LA-MS combined statistical area.

Franklinton, Louisiana
Franklinton is a town in, and the parish seat of Washington Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Franklinton had a population of 3,662. The elevation is an average of 155 feet (47 m) above sea level. Franklinton is located 61 miles (98 km) north of New Orleans.

A Franklinton physician, Jerry Thomas, represented Washington Parish in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1988 to 1999. He was elected to the District 12 seat in the state senate, serving from 1999 to 2004. He had succeeded Phil Short of Covington, who resigned. Prior to his state service, Dr. Thomas was the Washington Parish coroner from 1980 to 1988.

Elected in 2015, Beth Mizell, a businesswoman from Franklinton, is the current District 12 state senator.
2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl-CoA reductase
In enzymology, a 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.63) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADP+ + HCl  2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA, NADP+, and HCl, whereas its 3 products are 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA (the thioester of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid), NADPH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase (halogenating). This enzyme participates in degradation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate.

2,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid
2,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H3Cl2CO2H.  It is one of more important of several isomers of dichlorobenzoic acid.
It can be prepared by oxidation of 2,4-dichlorotoluene. The coenzyme A thioester of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid is the substrate for 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl reductase.
Sasha Alexander
Suzana Drobnjakovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Сузана Дробњаковић; born May 17, 1973), known professionally as Sasha Alexander, is an American actress. She played Gretchen Witter in Dawson's Creek and has appeared in such films as Yes Man (2008) and He's Just Not That Into You (2009). Alexander played Caitlin Todd for the first two seasons of NCIS (2003–2005). From July 2010 through September 2016, Alexander starred as Maura Isles in the TNT series Rizzoli & Isles, and was a regular in Season 5 and 6 of Shameless in 2015–16.

Caitlin Todd
Caitlin "Kate" Todd is a fictional character featured in the CBS television drama NCIS portrayed by Sasha Alexander, appearing in 49 episodes of the series. Alexander made her series debut in the episode "Yankee White", before departing the regular cast in the season two finale "Twilight". Alexander was credited as a guest star for her appearances in the season 3 episodes "Kill Ari (Part I)" and "Kill Ari (Part II)," and appeared uncredited as a voice actor during season 8's "A Man Walks Into a Bar". Subsequently, Alexander has appeared in photographs, flashbacks, archive footage, and CGI footage. Her most recent appearance was through archive footage in "Two Steps Back" (season 15).
Piazza Ruggero Settimo
Piazza Ruggero Settimo is a square of Palermo. Along with the contiguous Piazza Castelnuovo, it forms a single urban space, commonly called Piazza Politeama, by virtue of the presence of Teatro Politeama, the second most important theatre of the city after Teatro Massimo. The square is located between Via Ruggero Settimo and Viale della Libertà, near the historic centre of Palermo, and represents one of the most popular city's square.

It is dedicated to the Sicilian patriot Ruggero Settimo and a monument depicting him (work of Benedetto De Lisi) is located at the centre of the square.

Piazza Castelnuovo
Piazza Castelnuovo is a square of Palermo. Along with the contiguous Piazza Ruggero Settimo, it forms a single urban space, commonly called Piazza Politeama, by virtue of the presence of Teatro Politeama, the second most important theatre of the city after Teatro Massimo. The square is located between Via Ruggero Settimo, Viale della Libertà and Via Dante, near the historic centre of Palermo, and represents one of the most popular city's square.

On Piazza Castelnuovo are located a structure called "Palchetto della Musica" (work of Salvatore Valenti), the monument to Carlo Cottone (work of Giovan Battista Palazzotto and Domenico Costantino), the sculptures "Nautica" (work of Mario Rutelli), "Lavoro" (work of Benedetto Civiletti) and "Senzatetto" (work of Pasquale Civiletti).

The square is named after Carlo Cottone, prince of Castelnuovo, one of the advocate of the Sicilian Constitution of 1812.
Bagrat II Bagratuni
Bagrat II Bagratuni (Armenian: Բագրատ Բ Բագրատունի, Arabic: Buqrāṭ ibn Ashūṭ; died after 851) was an Armenian noble of the Bagratid (Bagratuni) family and the presiding prince ("prince of princes") of Arab-ruled Armenia between 830 and 851. He succeeded his father, Ashot IV Bagratuni, as ruler of Taron in 826, and was named presiding prince by the Abbasid Caliph in 830. In 849 he began an open rebellion against Abbasid authority in Armenia. The rebellion provoked the dispatch of Bugha al-Kabir to the country, who crushed the revolt in a three-year campaign. Bagrat was treacherously captured during negotiations in 851 and brought captive to the Abbasid capital Samarra. He was succeeded in Taron by his sons, while the title of presiding prince passed to his nephew, the future King Ashot I of Armenia.

Arminiya
Arminiya, also known as the Ostikanate of Arminiya or the Emirate of Armenia (Arabic: إمارة أرمينية, imārat armīniya), was a political and geographic designation given by the Muslim Arabs to the lands of Greater Armenia, Caucasian Iberia, and Caucasian Albania, following their conquest of these regions in the 7th century. Though the caliphs initially permitted an Armenian prince to represent the province of Arminiya in exchange for tribute and the Armenians' loyalty during times of war, Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan introduced direct Arab rule of the region, headed by a governor known as the ostikan with his capital in Dvin.
María Laffitte
María Laffitte y Pérez del Pulgar, Countess of Campo Alange (15 August 1902 – 9 July 1986) was a Spanish aristocrat, writer, art critic, women's rights activist, and founder of the Seminar on Women's Sociological Studies.

María Salas Larrazábal
María Presentación Salas Larrazábal (22 November 1922 – 15 November 2008), also known as Mary Salas, was a Spanish writer and journalist who specialized in adult education and was a pioneer of women's laity. She was linked to Catholic Action and was the first president of the NGO Manos Unidas. A key figure in the struggle for equality, in 1960, she co-founded the Seminar on Women's Sociological Studies, the precursor of modern gender studies in Spain, and in 1986 promoted the Women's Studies Forum that she chaired.
Mehta (village)
Mehta(IPA: [meːɦtaː]) is a village and gram panchayat in Ghansor tehsil, Seoni district, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.  It is approximately 11 km from Ghansor headquarters and 89 km from the district headquarters of Seoni. The village sits along the main road connecting Lakhnadon and Mandla which is madhya pradesh state highway 33(MP SH 33).

Ghansor
Ghansor(Kanhapaas) is a small census town in Seoni district in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves the headquarters for Janpad panchayat Ghansor. It hosts a railway station which is in the South Eastern Central Railways zone connecting Jabalpur and Balaghat. It has a government community health centre and has a robust government education centre with a network of schools and colleges both private and public. It is well connected with bus services from Lakhnadon, Seoni, Jabalpur and Mandla.
Little Stony Creek
Little Stony Creek, a wildland in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia, has been recognized by the Wilderness Society as a special place worthy of protection from logging and road construction.  The Wilderness Society has designated the area as a "Mountain Treasure".

A scenic gorge, waterfalls and a cove hardwood forest, with rich vegetation, offer the visitor an opportunity for a secluded back-country experience.

This wildland is part of the Clinch Ranger District Cluster.

Clinch Ranger District Cluster
The Clinch Ranger District Cluster is a region in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests recognized by The Wilderness Society for its rich biodiversity and rugged scenery.  It offers a unique habitat for rare plants, salamanders and other rare species.
Turnabout River
The Turnabout River is located on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. It drains both Turnabout Lake and Turnabout Glacier into Lake Hazen.

The river, the lake and Turnabout Glacier were named in 1957-58 during the International Geophysical Year by the Hazen Camp party directed by Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith. The river was named Turnabout due to its meandering course.

Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith
Geoffrey Francis Hattersley-Smith D.Phil, FRSC, FRGS, FAINA  (22 April 1923 – 21 July 2012) was an English-born  Canadian geologist and glaciologist, recognized as a pioneering researcher of Northern Canada.
Austral Islands
The Austral Islands (French: Îles Australes, officially Archipel des Australes; Tahitian: Tuha'a Pae) are the southernmost group of islands in French Polynesia, an overseas country of the French Republic in the South Pacific. Geographically, they consist of two separate archipelagos, namely in the northwest the Tupua'i islands (French: Îles Tubuaï) consisting of the Îles Maria, Rimatara, Rūrutu, Tupua'i Island proper and Ra'ivāvae, and in the southeast the Bass Islands (French: Îles basses) composed of the main island of Rapa Iti and the small Marotiri (also known as Bass Rocks or Îlots de Bass). Inhabitants of the islands are known for their pandanus fiber weaving skills. The islands of Maria and Marotiri are not suitable for sustained habitation. Several of the islands have uninhabited islets or rocks off their coastlines. Austral Islands' population is 6,965 on almost 150 km2 (58 sq mi). The capital of the Austral Islands administrative subdivision is Tupua'i.

Raivavae
Raivavae (Tahitian: Ra‘ivāvae /ra.ʔi.va:va.e/) is one of the Austral Islands in French Polynesia. Its total land area including offshore islets is 17.9 km2 (6.9 sq mi).: 205  At the 2022 census, it had a population of 900. The island is of volcanic origin, and rises to 437 metres (1,434 ft) elevation at Mont Hiro.: 243
Edward Warner (1511–1565)
Sir Edward Warner (1511 – 7 November 1565) was an English politician, and Lieutenant of the Tower of London. He was an MP for Grantham in 1545, 1547, March 1553 and October 1553, for Great Grimsby in 1559, and Norfolk in 1563.

Lieutenant of the Tower of London
The Lieutenant of the Tower of London serves directly under the Constable of the Tower. The office has been appointed at least since the 13th century. There were formerly many privileges, immunities and perquisites attached to the office. Like the Constable, the Lieutenant was usually appointed by letters patent, either for life or during the King's pleasure.

The Lieutenants had custody of many eminent prisoners of state, including Anne Boleyn, Sir Thomas More, Lady Jane Grey, Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I) and Sir Walter Raleigh. At least five of the Lieutenants, Sir Edward Warner, Sir Gervase Helwys, Isaac Penington, Colonel Robert Tichborne, and Sir Edward Hales, themselves later became prisoners in the Tower.
Jack Ferver
Jack Ferver (born 1979) is an American dancer, choreographer, actor, and professor. They are known for their dance-theatre shows that examine trauma, otherness, and queerness, as well as for their portrayal of a character known as the Little Lad in a 2007 Berries and Cream Starburst commercial.

Upon graduating from Interlochen Arts Academy, Ferver moved to New York City and appeared in their first film role in Outside Providence (1999). After acting in film, television, and theater for several years, Ferver began performing their own full-length dance pieces in 2007. Their work with artist Marc Swanson on the performance piece Chambre in the mid-2010s earned a nomination at the 2016 Bessie Awards. Ferver teaches at Bard College and cohosts a podcast about the dance world.

Starburst (candy)
Starburst (originally known as Opal Fruits) is the brand name of a box-shaped, fruit-flavoured soft chewy sweet manufactured by the Wrigley Company, which is a subsidiary of Mars, Inc. Starburst has many different varieties, such as Tropical, Sour, FaveREDs, Watermelon, Very Berry, Superfruit, Summer Blast and Original.

Introduced in the United Kingdom in 1959, the regular flavours are blackcurrant, lemon and lime, orange, cherry, and strawberry.
Order of Kim Il Sung
The Order of Kim Il Sung (Korean: 김일성훈장) is the highest order of North Korea, along with the Order of Kim Jong Il, and only second to one honorary title, the Hero of Labour.

The order, named after the country's first leader Kim Il Sung, was instituted in 1972 during a reform of the North Korean honors system. Its history is not fully known, but the order was initially round, being changed to a five-pointed star design later, and the picture of Kim Il Sung updated in 2012.

Recipients can be individuals or organizations, who have contributed to the cause of communism. It is traditionally awarded on 15 April, the Day of the Sun, the birthday of Kim Il Sung. Relatively few are awarded, totaling at least 600, to highlight the high symbolic status of the order. Recipients include Kim Jong Il, who received it four times. He was supposed to be the recipient of the first award in 1972, but according to North Korean sources, he initially refused.

Hero of Labour (North Korea)
Hero of Labour (Korean: 로력영웅; MR: Roryŏk Yŏngung) is one of the highest titles of honour of North Korea and the highest decoration of the country overall. The award was probably scheduled for establishment in the summer of 1950, but the Korean War postponed these plans. When the war had entered a phase of stalemate along the 38th parallel, the government had time to officially launch the decoration, originally under the name Korea Hero of Labour. 16 people were decorated Labour Heroes during the war and more since then. The decoration is based on its Soviet equivalent, Hero of Socialist Labour.
Charlotte (cake)
A charlotte is a type of bread pudding that can be served hot or cold. It is also referred to as an "icebox cake". Bread, sponge cake, crumbs or biscuits/cookies are used to line a mold, which is then filled with a fruit puree or custard. The baked pudding could then be sprinkled with powdered sugar and glazed with a salamander, a red-hot iron plate attached to a long handle, though modern recipes would likely use more practical tools to achieve a similar effect.

The variant charlotte russe, also called charlotte parisienne, created by the French chef Antonin Carême, uses a mold lined with ladyfingers and filled with Bavarian cream.

Classically, stale bread dipped in butter was used as the lining, but sponge cake or ladyfingers may be used today. The filling may be covered with a thin layer of similarly flavoured gelatin.

Bavarian cream
Bavarian cream, crème bavaroise or simply bavarois is a French dessert consisting of an egg-based cooked custard (milk thickened with eggs) and gelatin or isinglass, into which whipped cream is folded. The mixture sets up in a cold mold and is unmolded for serving. Earlier versions, sometimes called fromage bavarois, did not include eggs or any actual cheese. One recipe using isinglass also calls for crumbled amaretto cookies, chocolate and other flavorings.  One contemporary French recipe for "bavarois" is a savory preparation with a neufchâtel-type cheese and leeks, and is not a sweet dessert.
Property income
Property income refers to profit or income received by virtue of owning property. The three forms of property income are rent, received from the ownership of natural resources; interest, received by virtue of owning financial assets; and profit, received from the ownership of capital equipment. As such, property income is a subset of unearned income and is often classified as passive income.

Unearned income
Unearned income is a term coined by Henry George to refer to the income gained through the ownership of land and other forms of monopoly. Today the term often refers to income received by virtue of owning property (known as property income), inheritance, pensions and payments received from public welfare. The three major forms of unearned income based on property ownership are rent, received from the ownership of natural resources; interest, received by virtue of owning financial assets; and profit, received from the ownership of capital equipment. As such, unearned income is often categorized as "passive income".

Unearned income can be discussed from either an economic or accounting perspective, but is more commonly used in economics.
Louis d'or
The Louis d'or (French pronunciation: [lwi dɔʁ]) is any number of French coins first introduced by Louis XIII in 1640.  The name derives from the depiction of the portrait of King Louis on one side of the coin; the French royal coat of arms is on the reverse.  The coin was replaced by the French franc at the time of the revolution and later the similarly valued Napoléon. The actual value of the coins fluctuated according to monetary and fiscal policy (see livre tournois), but in 1726 the value was stabilized.

The 1640 issue of Louis d’or contained five denominations: a half Louis and a one, two, four, and eight Louis. All subsequent issues through 1793 were only denominated in half, one, and two Louis.

French livre
The livre (abbreviation: £ or ₶., French for libra (pound)) was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor states of Francia and West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of coins and of units of account.
Bibb County, Georgia
Bibb County is located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 157,346. Bibb County is geographically located in the Central Georgia (Middle Georgia) region, and is the largest county in the Macon metropolitan area (metropolitan statistical area).

Bibb County has a consolidated city-county government following a merger of the county with its county seat and largest city, Macon, in 2014. They were later joined in this consolidated government in 2015 by the county's only other municipality, Payne City.

Monroe County, Georgia
Monroe County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,957. The county seat is Forsyth. The county was created on May 15, 1821. The county was named for James Monroe. Monroe County is included in the Macon, GA metropolitan statistical area.
Sharpe ratio
In finance, the Sharpe ratio (also known as the Sharpe index, the Sharpe measure, and the reward-to-variability ratio) measures the performance of an investment such as a security or portfolio compared to a risk-free asset, after adjusting for its risk. It is defined as the difference between the returns of the investment and the risk-free return, divided by the standard deviation of the investment returns. It represents the additional amount of return that an investor receives per unit of increase in risk.

It was named after William F. Sharpe, who developed it in 1966.

Risk-free rate
The risk-free rate of return, usually shortened to the risk-free rate, is the rate of return of a hypothetical investment with scheduled payments over a fixed period of time that is assumed to meet all payment obligations.

Since the risk-free rate can be obtained with no risk, any other investment having some risk will have to have a higher rate of return in order to induce any investors to hold it.

In practice, to infer the risk-free interest rate in a particular currency, market participants often choose the yield to maturity on a risk-free bond issued by a government of the same currency whose risks of default are so low as to be negligible. For example, the rate of return on zero-coupon Treasury bonds (T-bills) is sometimes seen as the risk-free rate of return in US dollars.