hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Hogg County, Texas
Jim Hogg County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,838. Its county seat is Hebbronville. The county is named for James Stephen Hogg, the governor of Texas from 1891 to 1895.

Jim Hogg
James Stephen Hogg (March 24, 1851 – March 3, 1906) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 20th governor of Texas from 1891 to 1895. He was born near Rusk, Texas. Hogg was a follower of the conservative New South Creed which became popular following the U.S. Civil War, and was also associated with populism. He was the first Texas Governor to have been born in the state.

Hogg is often remembered for naming his daughter Ima, an odd name which derived from a poem written by James's brother, Thomas Elisha Hogg. The story that she had a sister or sisters with odd names (proposed names including "Hoosa", "Ura" and "Wera") is an urban legend.

Hogg's time as governor was notable for the passage of a wide range of progressive reforms.
Wasp-spine velvetfish
The wasp-spine velvetfish (Acanthosphex leurynnis), also known as the dwarf velvetfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Acanthosphex. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific from India to the Gulf of Thailand.

Velvetfish
Little velvetfishes or simply Velvetfishes are a subfamily, the Aploactininae, of marine ray-finned fishes classified within the family Synanceiidae of the suborder Scorpaenoidei. They are small fish that have skin with a velvet texture. They live on the sea bottom close to the shore, at depths of up to 100 metres (330 ft). They are found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Ząbkowice Śląskie
Ząbkowice Śląskie (Zombkovitze [zɔmpkɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲɛ]; German: Frankenstein in Schlesien) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Ząbkowice Śląskie County and of a local municipality called Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie. The town lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 miles) south of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, it had a population of 15,004.

Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie
Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Ząbkowice Śląskie, which lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 146.88 square kilometres (56.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 21,775.
Pope Valentine
Pope Valentine (Latin: Valentinus; died 10 October 827) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States for two months in 827. He was unusually close to his predecessor, Eugene II, rumoured to be Valentine's father or lover, and became pope before being ordained as a priest. He was a nobleman and elected by nobility, which later became the custom.

Pope Eugene II
Pope Eugene II (Latin: Eugenius II; died 27 August 827) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 6 June 824 to his death on 27 August 827. A native of Rome, he was chosen by nobles to succeed Paschal I as pope despite the clergy and the people favoring Zinzinnus. The influence of the Carolingian Franks on the selection of popes was then firmly established. Pope Eugene convened a council at Rome in 826 to condemn simony and suspend untrained clergy. It was decreed that schools were to be established at cathedral churches and other places to give instruction in sacred and secular literature. His involvement in the Byzantine Iconoclasm controversy was largely inconsequential.
Cliff Waldron
Clifford Waldron (April 4, 1941 – July 1, 2024) was an American bluegrass musician. Waldron is best known for his collaborations with bluegrass musician Bill Emerson, with the two forming the bluegrass duo Emerson & Waldron, as well as the formation of his own band, Cliff Waldron and the New Shades Of Grass.

Bill Emerson (musician)
William Hundley Emerson, Jr. (January 22, 1938 – August 21, 2021) was an American five-string banjo player known for being one of the founding members of the original The Country Gentlemen and Emerson & Waldron and considered one of the finest bluegrass banjo players in music history.

The bluegrass musician named Bill Emerson written about on this biography page is often confused with another country musician named Bill Emerson (known as "Wild Bill Emerson") who was also born in 1938.  As a result, bluegrass musician Bill Emerson is frequently incorrectly attributed to songs on various music databases (such as Discogs, AllMusic and Wiki) written by Wild Bill Emerson and/or his wife, Martha Jo "Jody" Emerson (who's often miscredited as "Jodie").   Wild Bill and Jody have written for many country artists such as George Jones, Hank Williams, Jr. and John Anderson.

He was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2019.
Appleton-Century-Crofts
Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. was a division of the Meredith Publishing Company. It was a result of the merger of Appleton-Century Company with F.S. Crofts Co. in 1948. Prior to that The Century Company had merged with D. Appleton & Company in 1933.

The Century Company and its subsequent incarnations published the New Century Dictionary.

Eventually Meredith sold the majority of the company and the Appleton name to Prentice-Hall in 1973. Part of the company became part of Hawthorn Books and New Win Publishing.

D. Appleton & Company
D. Appleton & Company was an American publishing company founded by Daniel Appleton, who opened a general store which included books. He published his first book in 1831. The company's publications gradually extended over the entire field of literature. It issued the works of contemporary scientists, including those of Herbert Spencer, John Tyndall, Thomas Huxley, Charles Darwin, and others, at reasonable prices. Medical books formed a special department, and books in the Spanish language for the South America market, including the works of Rafael Pombo, were a specialty which the firm made its own. In belles lettres and American history, it had a strong list of names among its authors. On June 2, 1933, D. Appleton & Company merged with The Century Company.
Intervertebral disc
An intervertebral disc (British English), also spelled intervertebral disk (American English), lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.

Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions.  It owes its inflexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II.
Pennsylvania Route 906
Pennsylvania Route 906 (PA 906) is a 10.6-mile-long (17.1 km) state highway located in Fayette, Westmoreland, and Allegheny counties in Pennsylvania.  The southern terminus is at PA 201 in Washington Township.  The northern terminus is at PA 136 in Forward Township.

Pennsylvania Route 136
Pennsylvania Route 136 (PA 136) is a 40-mile-long (64 km) state highway located in Washington, Allegheny, and Westmoreland counties in Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at US 40 and PA 18 in Washington.  The eastern terminus is at US 30 in Greensburg.

PA 136 was established in September 1964 to replace the stretch of PA 31 from Greensburg to Washington while the section west of Washington was re-designated as PA 844.
Pianpang
Pianpangs (Chinese: 偏旁; pinyin: piānpáng; lit. 'side side') are components in Chinese character internal structures. A compound character is normally divided into two pianpangs according to their relationship in sounds and meanings. Originally, the left side component of the character was called pian, and the right side pang. Nowadays, it is customary to refer to the left and right, upper and lower, outer and inner parts of compound characters as pianpangs.

Radicals (部首) are indexing components of Chinese characters, and are usually pianpangs representing the meanings of the characters.

Chinese character internal structures
Chinese character forms studies the external structure of Chinese characters, i.e. strokes, components, and whole characters, and their structural relations to the pure dimension of forms or appearances. 
The internal structure of Chinese characters (Pinyin: hànzì nèibù jiégòu; Traditional Chinese: 漢字的內部結構; Simplified Chinese: 汉字内部结构) studies the relationship between the forms, sounds, and meanings of the characters, thereby explaining the rationale for character formation.

In the analysis of internal structures, Chinese characters are decomposed into internal structural components in relation to the sound and meaning of the character.
Ascension of the Cybermen
"Ascension of the Cybermen" is the ninth and penultimate episode of the twelfth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One on 23 February 2020. It was written by Chris Chibnall, and directed by Jamie Magnus Stone. It is the first of a two-part story; the concluding episode "The Timeless Children", the finale of the twelfth series, aired on 1 March.

The episode features Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor as she deals with the aftermath of her actions in "The Haunting of Villa Diodati". When the Doctor becomes separated from her companions Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair, and Yasmin Khan - portrayed by Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill respectively - the team must face the consequence of the deadly Cyber-Wars, banding together with the last humans as they defend themselves from the Cybermen and search for a way out.

The episode was watched by 4.99 million viewers, and received positive reviews from critics.

The Timeless Children
"The Timeless Children" is the tenth and final episode of the twelfth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One on 1 March 2020. It was written by Chris Chibnall, and directed by Jamie Magnus Stone. It is the second of a two-part story; the previous episode, "Ascension of the Cybermen", aired on 23 February.

The episode stars Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill as her companions, Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan, respectively. The episode also stars Sacha Dhawan as the Master.

The episode was watched by 4.69 million viewers and received mixed reviews from critics.
Raja Chinna Roja
Raja Chinna Roja (transl. King and small rose) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language children's film, directed by S. P. Muthuraman, written by Panchu Arunachalam and produced by AVM Productions. The film stars Rajinikanth, Raghuvaran and Gautami. Its plot revolves around an aspiring actor who meets his childhood friend, but is forced to take care of his nieces and nephews.

Raja Chinna Roja was the first Indian film to feature live action with animation. Its story was inspired by Arunachalam's 1974  film Unnaithan Thambi and the American films Mary Poppins (1964) and The Sound of Music (1965). The cinematography was handled by T. S. Vinayagam, the editing by R. Vittal and Lancy, and music was composed by Chandrabose.

Raja Chinna Roja was released on 20 July 1989. The film was commercially successful and had a 175-day theatrical run, with the animated sequence particularly being well received. Arunachalam won the Cinema Express Award for Best Story Writer.

Unnaithan Thambi
Unnaithan Thambi (transl. You only, brother) is a 1974 Indian Tamil-language film directed and co-edited by R. Vittal, and written by Panchu Arunachalam. The film stars Jaishankar and Jayachitra, with Ashokan, Srikanth, Thengai Srinivasan and Vennira Aadai Moorthy in supporting roles. It was released on 30 August 1974. The film's storyline was later adapted for Raja Chinna Roja (1989), also written by Arunachalam.
Jace Everett
Jace Everett Beasley (born May 27, 1972) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Signed to Epic Records in 2005, he released his debut single "That's the Kind of Love I'm In" in 2005, which peaked at No. 52 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, and was the first single from his self-titled debut album. He also co-wrote Josh Turner's Number One single "Your Man".  His song "Bad Things" is the theme for the HBO series True Blood and peaked No. 2 in Norway in 2009. In the same year, he released his third album, Red Revelations, under the Weston Boys label that peaked No. 12 in Norway.

Josh Turner
Joshua Otis Turner (born November 20, 1977) is an American country singer and songwriter. In 2003, he signed to MCA Nashville Records. That same year, his debut album's title track, "Long Black Train", was his breakthrough single release. His second album, Your Man (2006) accounted for his first two No. 1 hits, "Your Man" and "Would You Go with Me", while 2007's Everything Is Fine included a No. 2 hit, "Firecracker". Haywire, released in 2010, produced his biggest hit, the four-week No. 1 hit "Why Don't We Just Dance" and another No. 1 song, "All Over Me". It was followed by Punching Bag (2012), whose lead-off single, "Time Is Love", was the biggest country hit of 2012 according to Billboard Year-End.
Nassau Palace, Brussels
Nassau Palace (Dutch: Hof van Nassau; French: Hôtel de Nassau) was the former city palace of the House of Orange in Brussels. The palace was constructed in the 14th century and expanded in the following centuries. In the 18th century, it was acquired by Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, who replaced it with the Palace of Charles of Lorraine. Today, nothing remains except the chapel, which is part of the building of the Royal Library of Belgium (KBR).

Palace of Charles of Lorraine
The Palace of Charles of Lorraine (French: Palais de Charles de Lorraine; Dutch: Paleis van Karel van Lotharingen) is a neoclassical palace in the Royal Quarter of Brussels, Belgium. It was originally built between 1757 and 1766 for the Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, replacing the Palace of Orange-Nassau. It currently houses a museum, part of the Royal Library of Belgium (KBR).

Located on what is now the Place du Musée/Museumplein, the palace lies atop the Coudenberg hill, not far from the Place Royale/Koningsplein and the Mont des Arts/Kunstberg, as well as institutions such as the Royal Palace of Brussels and the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. This area is served by Brussels-Central railway station, as well as by the metro stations Parc/Park (on lines 1 and 5) and Trône/Troon (on lines 2 and 6).
Basalt Island
Basalt Island or Fo Shek Chau (Chinese: 火石洲; Sidney Lau: Foh2 Sek6 Jau1) is an island of Hong Kong and administratively part of Sai Kung District. Together with Wang Chau and Bluff Island, it forms the Ung Kong (甕缸; Ung3 Gong1) Group and is part of Hong Kong Global Geopark.

Bluff Island (Hong Kong)
Bluff Island, indigenously known as Sha Tong Hau Shan (Chinese: 沙塘口山), also known as Ung Kong (甕缸), is an island in Port Shelter, south of Sai Kung Peninsula of Hong Kong. It is an important area for corals and other marine life. The island is zoned as Site of Special Scientific Interest since 1979. The surrounding water has not yet been legally protected and thus the corals are damaged by anchors of holiday visitors.
Sahil, Somaliland
Sahil (Somali: Saaxil, Arabic: ساحل) is an administrative region (gobol) in northern Somaliland with the port city of Berbera as its capital. It was separated from Woqooyi Galbeed and became a province in 1991. In 1998, the Sheikh District of Togdheer was incorporated into Sahil region. The region has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north. Sahil borders Awdal to the northwest, Maroodi Jeex to the southwest, Togdheer to the south and Sanaag to the east.

Maroodi Jeex
Marodi Jeh (Somali: Maroodi Jeex, Arabic: مرودي جيح), formerly known as Woqooyi Galbeed (lit. North West), is an administrative region (gobol) in western Somaliland. It is the most populous region of the country. It is bordered by Awdal to the west, Sahil to the north, Togdheer to the east to the south. Marodi Jeh was created by splitting the previously existing region (gobolka).
Salicornioideae
The Salicornioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae (sensu lato, including the Chenopodiaceae). Important characters are succulent, often articulated stems, strongly reduced leaves, and flowers aggregated in thick, dense spike-shaped thyrses. These halophytic plants are distributed worldwide. Many are edible (see Samphire)

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Aliaksandra Narkevich
Aliaksandra Narkevich (Belarusian: Аляксандра Сяргееўна Наркевіч; Łacinka: Aliaksandra Siarhiejeŭna Narkievič; Russian: Александра Сергеевна Наркевич; born 22 December 1994) is a Belarusian former rhythmic gymnast who competed mainly in group events. She is the 2012 Olympic group all-around silver medalist with group members Anastasiya Ivankova, Alina Tumilovich, Maryna Hancharova, Nataliya Leshchyk, and Kseniya Sankovich.

Maryna Hancharova
Maryna Hancharova (Belarusian: Марына Сяргееўна Ганчарова; Łacinka: Maryna Siarhiejeŭna Hančarova; Russian: Марина Сергеевна Гончарова; born 27 February 1990, Minsk) is a Belarusian rhythmic gymnast who competed in group events. She is the 2012 Olympic all-around silver medalist with group members Anastasiya Ivankova, Alina Tumilovich, Nataliya Leshchyk, Aliaksandra Narkevich, and Kseniya Sankovich. She is also the 2013 World group all-around champion and 2012 European champion in 3 ribbons/2 hoops.
Herbert Boyer
Herbert Wayne "Herb" Boyer (born July 10, 1936) is an American biotechnologist, researcher and entrepreneur in biotechnology. Along with Stanley N. Cohen and Paul Berg, he discovered recombinant DNA, a method to coax bacteria into producing foreign proteins, which aided in jump-starting the field of genetic engineering. By 1969, he had performed studies on a couple of restriction enzymes of E. coli with especially useful properties.

He is recipient of the 1990 National Medal of Science, co-recipient of the 1996 Lemelson–MIT Prize, and a co-founder of Genentech. He was professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and later served as vice president of Genentech from 1976 until his retirement in 1991.

Stanley Norman Cohen
Stanley Norman Cohen (born February 17, 1935) is an American geneticist and the Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer were the first scientists to transplant genes from one living organism to another, a fundamental discovery for genetical engineering. Thousands of products have been developed on the basis of their work, including human growth hormone and hepatitis B vaccine. According to immunologist Hugh McDevitt, "Cohen's DNA cloning technology has helped biologists in virtually every field". Without it, "the face of biomedicine and biotechnology would look totally different." Boyer cofounded Genentech in 1976 based on their work together, but Cohen was a consultant for Cetus Corporation and declined to join.
Shiftphone
Shiftphone is a modular, easy-to-repair smartphone brand created by the company SHIFT in Germany. The company emphasizes fair trade and ecology, similar to Fairphone. Instead of tantalum capacitors made from coltan, ceramic capacitors are used for their manufacturing. So far, eleven model series have been released. The most recent release was the SHIFT6mq (successor of the Shift6m) in June 2020. The upcoming device will be the SHIFTphone 8, scheduled for release in 2024.

Fairphone
Fairphone is a Dutch electronics manufacturer that designs and produces smartphones and headphones. It aims to minimise the ethical and environmental impact of its devices by using recycled, fairtrade and conflict-free materials, maintaining fair labor conditions throughout its workforce and suppliers, and enabling users to easily repair their devices through modular design and by providing replacement parts. As of June 2025, the company's most recent smartphone is the Fairphone 6, a highly modular and easily repairable device for which it plans to provide seven years of Android OS updates and eight years of security patches, as well as a  five-year warranty.

Fairphone has been dubbed "the most ethical smartphone in the world", scoring 98 out of 100 possible points by the British magazine Ethical Consumer.
Erato of Armenia
Erato (Armenian: Էրատո) was a queen of Armenia from the Artaxiad dynasty. She co-ruled as Roman client queen  in 8–5 BC and 2 BC–AD 1 with her husband and brother Tigranes IV. Erato reigned alone in 1–2 AD. After living in political exile for a number of years, she co-ruled as Roman client queen from 6 until 12 with Tigranes V, her distant paternal relative and possible second husband. She may be viewed as one of the last hereditary rulers of her nation.

Tigranes V of Armenia
Tigranes V, also known as Tigran V (Greek: Τιγράνης, 16 BC – 36 AD) ruled as a Roman client king of Armenia from 6 AD to 12 AD. On his paternal side, he was a member of the Hasmonean branch of the Herodian dynasty.
Yasumitsu Satō
Yasumitsu Satō (佐藤 康光, Satō Yasumitsu; born October 1, 1969) is a Japanese professional shogi player from Yawata City in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, ranked 9-dan. He is a former president of the Japan Shogi Association  as well as former holder of the Ryūō, Meijin, Oshō, Kisei,  Kiō major titles. He has qualified for the Lifetime Kisei title.

Ryūō
Ryūō (also Ryu-O, Ryu-oh, Ryuuou; in Japanese: 龍王, 竜王, lit. "Dragon King") is an annual Japanese professional shogi tournament and the title of its winner. The current Ryūō title holder is Sōta Fujii.

The Ryūō Tournament (Ryūō-sen 竜王戦) is sponsored by the Yomiuri Shimbun as well as the title awarded to its winner. It is one of the eight major professional shogi title matches and was first held in 1988. Among the eight titles in the professional shogi titleholder system, Ryūō and Meijin are the most prestigious ones. However, the Ryūō title gives out the highest monetary prize—even more than the Meijin title. Cash prizes are ¥44,000,000 for the winner of championship and new Ryūō titleholder, and ¥16,500,000 for the loser. Additional compensation includes ¥14,500,000 for the previous titleholder and ¥7,000,000 for the challenger.

This title should not be confused with that of Amateur Ryūō which is awarded each year to the winner of the Amateur Ryūō Tournament.
Sumiyoshi Monogatari
Sumiyoshi Monogatari (住吉物語) is a late 10th century Japanese story. Along with Ochikubo Monogatari, it is representative of Japanese Cinderella-type literature dealing with stepmother bullying and harassment. It belongs to the tsukuri monogatari genre.

It was translated into English by Sir Harold George Parlett in volume 29 of Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan.

Ochikubo Monogatari
Ochikubo Monogatari (落窪物語), also known as The Tale of Ochikubo, is a story from the Heian period which is similar to the famous fairy tale Cinderella.

Ochikubo Monogatari was written during the later part of the 10th century by an unknown author. It is known as the oldest surviving tale in Japanese literature to include harassment and bullying from a stepmother. Ochikubo Monogatari's well-formed plot and vivid description of characters influenced many writers such as Murasaki Shikibu, author of The Tale of Genji. The lively dialogues are also of particular quality.