hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moussa Traoré
Moussa Traoré (25 September 1936 – 15 September 2020) was a Malian military officer, politician, and dictator who served as the second President of Mali from 1968 to 1991. As a lieutenant, he led the military ousting of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he served as head of state until March 1991, when he was overthrown by popular protests and a military coup.

During his tenure, political activity was banned, marking a shift to authoritarian control. His right-hand man Tiécoro Bagayoko oversaw a regime of surveillance with the help of informants. He dismantled the socialist economic policies of his predecessor, Modibo Keïta. He was twice condemned to death in the 1990s, but eventually pardoned on both occasions and freed in 2002. He retired from public life and died in 2020.

1968 Malian coup d'état
The 1968 Malian coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Mali staged on 19 November 1968 against the government of President Modibo Keïta. The coup was led by Lieutenant (later Major General) Moussa Traoré, who then became the head of state.
Heinrich Christian Macklot
Heinrich Christian Macklot (20 October 1799, Frankfurt am Main – 12 May 1832) was a German naturalist.

He studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg, earning his doctorate in 1822. Later that year, he found employment at the Rijksmuseum in Leyden. With Heinrich Boie and Salomon Müller, he was sent to Asia in order to collect specimens for the museum as part of the Natuurkundige Kommissie (Natural Science Commission). Macklot visited New Guinea and the island of Timor from 1828 to 1830 on board the HM corvette Triton. He was killed on 12 May 1832 during an insurrection that took place on the island of Java.

Salomon Müller
Salomon Müller (7 April 1804 – 29 December 1864) was a German naturalist. He was born in Heidelberg, and died in Freiburg im Breisgau.

Müller was the son of a saddler in Heidelberg. Along with Heinrich Boie and Heinrich Christian Macklot, he was sent by Coenraad Jacob Temminck to collect specimens in the East Indies. Here, he worked as an assistant for the Natuurkundige Commissie (Commission for Natural Sciences), an organization that he eventually became a member of.

Müller arrived in Batavia in 1826, then journeyed to New Guinea and Timor in 1828 aboard the Triton. He published a number of works drawing on his experiences during that voyage along the coast of New Guinea. Beginning in October 1828, he remained at the port city of Kupang, penetrating the interior of Timor during the following year. In 1831, he was stationed in Java, and later explored western Sumatra from 1833 to 1835.
Changning, Hunan
Changning is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, under the administration of  Hengyang prefecture-level City. Located on the south-central part of the province, the city is bordered to the north by Qidong and Hengnan Counties, to the east by Leiyang City, to the south by Guiyang County, and to the west by Qiyang County. Changning City covers 2,046.6 km2 (790.2 sq mi) with a registered population of 958,988 and resident population of 810,447 (as of the 2010 census). The city has three subdistricts, 14 towns and four townships under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Yiyang Subdistrict (宜阳街道).

Qiyang
Qiyang (simplified Chinese: 祁阳市; traditional Chinese: 祁陽市; pinyin: Qíyáng Shì) is a county-level city of Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yongzhou.

Located on the south central part of the province, it is adjacent to the city proper of Yongzhou. The county is bordered to the north and the northeast by Qidong County, to the east by Changning City, to the south by Xintian and Ningyuan Counties, and to the southwest and the west by Shuangpai County, Lingling and Lengshuitan Districts. Qiyang County covers 2,538 km2 (980 sq mi). It has a registered population of 1,061,000 and has a permanent resident population of 879,900. The county has 20 towns, 3 townships and 3 subdistricts under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Changhong Subdistrict (长虹街道).
2025 Games of the Small States of Europe
The 2025 Games of the Small States of Europe, also known as the XX Games of the Small States of Europe was a sporting event held in Andorra la Vella, Andorra from 27 May to 31 May 2025. Andorra previously hosted the 1991 and 2005 editions of the Games.

Games of the Small States of Europe
The Games of the Small States of Europe (GSSE) is a biennial multi-sport event, launched by the Republic of San Marino, organized by and featuring the National Olympic Committees of nine European small states since 1985. The Games are held at the end of May or beginning of June and feature competition in nine Summer Olympic sports.
The Observer
The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays. First published in 1791, it is the world's oldest Sunday newspaper.

In 1993 it was acquired by Guardian Media Group Limited, and operated as a sister paper to The Guardian and The Guardian Weekly. In December 2024, Tortoise Media acquired the paper from the Scott Trust Limited, with the transition taking place on 22 April 2025.

Guardian Media Group
Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) is a British-based mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian, and formerly The Observer. The group is wholly owned by the Scott Trust Limited, which exists to secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity.

The Group's annual report (for the year ending 2 April 2023) indicated that the Scott Trust Endowment Fund was valued at £1.24 billion, while in 2021 it was valued at £1.14 billion.
Loyset Compère
Loyset Compère (c. 1445 – 16 August 1518) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. Of the same generation as Josquin des Prez, he was one of the most significant composers of motets and chansons of that era, and one of the first musicians to bring the light Italianate Renaissance style to France.

Franco-Flemish School
The designation Franco-Flemish School, also called Netherlandish School, Burgundian School, Low Countries School, Flemish School, Dutch School, or Northern School, refers to the style of polyphonic vocal music composition originating from France and from the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th and 16th centuries as well as to the composers who wrote it. The spread of their technique, especially after the revolutionary development of printing, produced the first true international style since the unification of Gregorian chant in the 9th century. Franco-Flemish composers mainly wrote sacred music, primarily masses, motets, and hymns.
Edward John Griew
Professor Edward John Griew (1926–1996) was an English legal scholar, barrister and law reformer whose work bridged legal practice, academic theory, and legislative reform. His writings on theft, dishonesty, recklessness, and jury directions shaped the structure and interpretation of modern English criminal law.

He was Professor of Law at the Universities of Leicester and Nottingham, an adviser to the Judicial Studies Board and Law Commission, and a long-serving contributor to the Criminal Law Review.

The Criminal Law Review
The Criminal Law Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Sweet & Maxwell covering the full spectrum of criminal law and criminal justice, with a primary focus on the law of England and Wales. It is the leading journal of criminal law in England and Wales providing both scholarly analysis and practitioner updates. The journal holds significant influence in both academic and professional circles, and is curated to "keep criminal lawyers up to date with new developments in law and practice" while also advancing scholarly debate. The editor-in-chief is Hannah Quirk (King’s College London).
Daniel Bandy
Daniel Bandy (born 18 November 1975) is a former Australian rules footballer. He played as a ruckman for Fremantle and the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). He last played for West Australian Football League (WAFL) club Claremont in 2007.

Claremont Football Club
The Claremont Football Club, nicknamed Tigers, is an Australian rules football club based in Claremont, Western Australia, that currently plays in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). Its official colours are navy blue and gold. Formed as the "Cottesloe Beach Football Club" in 1906, the club entering the WAFL in 1925 as the "Claremont-Cottesloe Football Club"', changing its name to the present in 1935. Claremont have won 12 senior men's premierships since entering the competition, including most recently the 2011 and 2012 premierships.
Kenneth Cope
Kenneth Charles Cope (14 April 1931 – 11 September 2024) was an English actor and scriptwriter. He was best known for his roles as Marty Hopkirk in Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), Jed Stone in Coronation Street, Ray Hilton in Brookside, Sid in The Damned and as a minor member of the Carry On team.

Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)
Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) is a British private detective television series, starring Mike Pratt and Kenneth Cope respectively as the private detectives Jeff Randall and Marty Hopkirk. The series was created by Dennis Spooner and produced by Monty Berman, and was first broadcast in 1969 and 1970. In the United States, it was given the title My Partner the Ghost.

ITC Entertainment produced a single series of 26 episodes in 1968 and 1969, which was aired from September 1969 to March 1970. The pilot episode was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 19 September 1969 by ATV in the Midlands. London Weekend Television broadcast the pilot two days later on 21 September 1969.

The series was remade in 2000, starring Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer.
A. G. Bauer
Adolphus Gustavus Bauer (1858–1898) was an architect in North Carolina. He worked with the more famous architect Samuel Sloan and helped him build the Executive Mansion in Raleigh.

In 1896, Bauer survived a train accident when his carriage was struck by a train. His mental health reportedly started deteriorating and his reputation was ruined. In 1897, his Cherokee wife died and he constructed an elaborate tombstone for her in the style of a Greek temple. In 1898, he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.

Samuel Sloan (architect)
Samuel Sloan (March 7, 1815 – July 19, 1884) was a Philadelphia-based architect and best-selling author of architecture books in the mid-19th century. He specialized in Italianate villas and country houses, churches, and institutional buildings. His most famous building—the octagonal mansion "Longwood" in Natchez, Mississippi—is unfinished; construction was abandoned during the American Civil War.
USM Khenchela
Union Sportive Madinet Khenchela (Arabic: الإتحاد الرياضي لمدينة خنشلة), known as USM Khenchela or simply USMK, is an Algerian professional football club based in Khenchela. The club was founded in 1943 and its colours are white and black. Their home stadium, Hammam Ammar Stadium, has a capacity of 8,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

Khenchela
Khenchela (Arabic: خنشلة; Berber languages: Tixencelt; anciently Mascula) is the capital city of the administrative Khenchela Province (Wilaya), in the north east of Algeria. Situated in the Aures Mountains, 1200 m above sea level. The city is mainly populated by Berber Chaouis.
Sewickley Academy
Sewickley Academy is a private, independent, coeducation, college-preparatory academy located in Sewickley, Pennsylvania in the United States. The Academy educates 594 students, from pre-kindergarten to twelfth grade. It is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools.

Sewickley, Pennsylvania
Sewickley is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located along the Ohio River 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Pittsburgh, it is a residential suburb in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 3,907 at the 2020 census. The Sewickley Bridge crosses the Ohio River from Sewickley to Moon Township.
Eyad al-Sarraj
Eyad El-Sarraj (Arabic: إياد السراج; 27 April 1944 − 17 December 2013) was a Palestinian psychiatrist. He was a consultant to the Palestinian delegation at the Camp David 2000 Summit, a recipient of the Physicians for Human Rights Awards and featured in Army of Roses, a book about Palestinian female suicide bombers by journalist Barbara Victor. In the Palestinian elections of 2006, he headed the Wa'ad list. He died in 2013.

National Coalition for Justice and Democracy
The National Coalition for Justice and Democracy (Arabic: الائتلاف الوطني من أجل العدالة والديمقراطية, Al-I’tilaf al-Watani lil Adala wal Democratiya’ Wa’ad), also known as Wa'ad (Arabic: وعد, Promise) was a Palestinian electoral list and political party that took part in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election.
Theta Boötis
Theta Boötis is a star in the northern constellation of Boötes the herdsman, forming a corner of the upraised left hand of this asterism. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from θ Boötis, and abbreviated Theta Boo or θ Boo. This star has the traditional name Asellus Primus, pronounced /əˈsɛləs ˈpraɪməs/, which is Latin for "first donkey colt". Faintly visible to the naked eye, this star has a yellow-white hue with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.05. It is located at a distance of 47.2 light-years (14.5 pc) from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −10.6 km/s. It has a relatively high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.464 arc seconds per annum.

Kappa Boötis
Kappa Boötis is a double star in the constellation Boötes. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from κ Boötis, and abbreviated Kappa Boo or κ Boo. This star has the traditional name Asellus Tertius, which is pronounced /əˈsɛləs ˈtɜːrʃiəs/ and is Latin for "third donkey colt". The components have an angular separation of 13.5 arcsec; viewable in a small telescope. Kappa Boötis is approximately 162 light-years (50 pc) from Earth.
King Iguana
"King Iguana" (Galela: Ma Kolano o Kariànga; Dutch: Koning Leguaan) is an Indonesian folktale in the Galela language, collected by H. van Dijken and M. J. van Baarda, and sourced from the island of Halmahera. It deals with the marriage between a human girl and a suitor in animal form that she disenchants to become human. Later, her envious sisters try to murder her and replace her as the animal suitor's wife.

According to Dutch philologist Jan de Vries, the tale belongs to the cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom, in a form that appears in the Indonesian archipelago. Variants also exist in Southeast Asia.

The Story of the Hamadryad
The Story of the Hamadryad (Arakan: Ngan-daw-shay Watthu) is a folktale from the Arakanese people, collected by researcher San Shwe Bu and published in the Journal of the Burma Research Society.

The tale is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom, wherein a heroine marries a husband in animal form who reveals he is man underneath. In this case, the heroine marries a husband in animal shape that becomes human, while another girl marries a real animal and dies. Variants of the narrative are located in India and Southeast Asia.
Cerothallia yorkensis
Cerothallia yorkensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Originally described in 2004 under the name Caloplaca yorkensis, it was later moved to the genus Cerothallia in 2013 based on genetic and structural studies. The lichen forms thin, greyish crusts on limestone rocks and produces small, bright yellow-orange reproductive discs. It is found exclusively in southern Australia, growing on coastal limestone outcrops from Western Australia to Tasmania.

Cerothallia
Cerothallia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species, all of which occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting, with Cerothallia luteoalba assigned as the type species. The type is more widely distributed, as it is also found in Europe and North America. The generic name Cerothallia means "with waxy thallus".
Danny Ahn
Danny Ahn (Korean: 데니안; born December 22, 1978) is an American entertainer best known as the main rapper of the South Korean pop music group g.o.d. Having made his debut in the entertainment industry as a member of g.o.d in 1999, Ahn has gone into acting and has also been a radio DJ and MC.

Joon Park
Joon Park (born July 20, 1969), Korean name Park Joon-hyung (Korean: 박준형), is an American singer, rapper, actor and entertainer. As a singer, he is best known as the leader and rapper of the Korean pop group g.o.d.
Mercedes Milá
María Mercedes Milá Mencos (born 4 April 1951) is a Spanish television presenter and journalist, most notable for her work on Spain's Telecinco's  Gran Hermano, the Spanish version of the reality television series Big Brother.

Gran Hermano (Spanish TV series)
Gran Hermano (also known by the acronym GH) is the Spanish version of the Big Brother reality TV franchise, first developed in the Netherlands.

Produced by Zeppelin TV (part of the Endemol Shine Iberia) and broadcast on Telecinco, Gran Hermano has been the first reality show to be broadcast in Spain, as well as an audience leader: it obtained a 36.5% rating share in its premiere, became an instant success and reached over ten million in its first two seasons.

Due to the low audience of the eighteenth season, Telecinco decided to shelve the regular edition and continue to produce Gran Hermano VIP and the spin-off Gran Hermano Dúo. In 2024, the regular edition returned after a 7-year break.

As of February 2020, 30 seasons of the show had aired (eighteen regular seasons, seven VIP seasons, and five spin-off seasons); it is the longest-running series in the franchise worldwide, currently on air.
Digital Endangered Languages and Musics Archives Network
The Digital Endangered Languages and Musics Archives Network, abbreviated as DELAMAN, is an international umbrella organization of archives dedicated to the long-term digital preservation of data pertaining to linguistic and cultural diversity. Established in 2003, the network coordinates efforts between repositories that store documentation of endangered languages and traditional music worldwide.

The network serves as a platform for establishing standards in archival practices and facilitating technical coordination among member institutions.

Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (AILLA) is a digital repository housed in LLILAS Benson Latin American Studies and Collections at the University of Texas at Austin. AILLA is a digital language archive dedicated to the digitization and preservation of primary data, such as field notes, texts, audio and video recordings, in or about Latin American indigenous languages. AILLA's holdings are available on the Internet and are open to the public wherever privacy and intellectual property concerns are met. AILLA has access portals in both English and Spanish; all metadata are available in both languages, as well as in indigenous languages where possible.
Man in Business Suit Levitating emoji
Man in Business Suit Levitating (U+1F574 🕴 MAN IN BUSINESS SUIT LEVITATING) is an emoji depicting a man wearing a suit and fedora while levitating. Initially created as part of Webdings, the icon was made an emoji by the Unicode Consortium in 2014. The appearance of Man in Business Suit Levitating was originally based on the logo of 2 Tone Records; the logo was itself a depiction of reggae musician Peter Tosh.

2 Tone Records
2 Tone Records was an English independent record label that mostly released ska and reggae-influenced music with a punk rock and pop music overtone. It was founded by Jerry Dammers of the Specials and backed by Chrysalis Records.
National Agency for Higher Education
The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education (Swedish: Högskoleverket) was a  Government agency in Sweden. It was in charge of inspecting and promoting higher education sector activities, through follow-up and evaluation of higher education, quality assessment, initiatives for updating teaching methods and assessment of right to award academic degrees. Included among the responsibilities of the agency was the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test.

As of 1 January 2013, Högskoleverket no longer exists; two new government authorities, the Swedish Council for Higher Education (Universitets- och högskolerådet) and the Swedish Higher Education Authority (Universitetskanslerämbetet) have taken over its responsibilities.

Government agencies in Sweden
The government agencies in Sweden are state authorities that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. The ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to monitor the agencies and preparing decision and policy papers for the government as a collective body to decide upon.

A Cabinet Minister is explicitly prohibited from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases. The cardinal rule is that Ministers are not allowed to issue orders to agencies in their portfolio personally (with only a few exceptions) as the government agencies are subject to decisions made by the government, although the government cannot even directly overrule an agency in the handling of an individual case.

Other than the executive branch, the Riksdag also has a number of independent agencies.
John von Neumann Theory Prize
The John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
is awarded annually to an individual (or sometimes a group) who has made fundamental and sustained contributions to theory in operations research and the management sciences.

The Prize named after mathematician John von Neumann is awarded for a body of work, rather than a single piece. The Prize was intended to reflect contributions that have stood the test of time. The criteria include significance, innovation, depth, and scientific excellence.

The award is $5,000, a medallion and a citation.

The Prize has been awarded since 1975. The first recipient was George B. Dantzig for his work on linear programming.

George Dantzig
George Bernard Dantzig (/ˈdæntsɪɡ/; November 8, 1914 – May 13, 2005) was an American mathematical scientist who made contributions to industrial engineering, operations research, computer science, economics and statistics.

Dantzig is known for his development of the simplex algorithm, an algorithm for solving linear programming problems, and for his other work with linear programming. In statistics, Dantzig solved two open problems in statistical theory, which he had mistaken for homework after arriving late to a lecture by Polish mathematician-statistician Jerzy Spława-Neyman.

At his death, Dantzig was professor emeritus of Transportation Sciences and Professor of Operations Research and of Computer Science at Stanford University.
Brandon Williams (defensive tackle)
Brandon James Williams (born February 21, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for nine seasons with the Baltimore Ravens and Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Missouri Southern Lions and was selected by the Ravens in the third round of the 2013 NFL draft. Williams spent his first eight seasons with Baltimore before joining the Kansas City Chiefs in his last season, when they won Super Bowl LVII.

Missouri Southern Lions football
The Missouri Southern Lions football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Missouri Southern State University located in the U.S. state of Missouri. The team competes in the NCAA Division II and are members of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. The team plays its home games at the 7,000 seat Fred G. Hughes Stadium in Joplin, Missouri. Atiba Bradley was named the 14th head football coach in the history of Missouri Southern on February 5, 2021.