hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kepler-62e
Kepler-62e (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-701.03) is a super-Earth exoplanet (extrasolar planet) discovered orbiting within the habitable zone of Kepler-62, the second outermost of five such planets discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft.  Kepler-62e is located about 990 light-years (300 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation of Lyra.  The exoplanet was found using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. Kepler-62e may be a terrestrial or ocean-covered planet; it lies in the inner part of its host star's habitable zone.

Kepler-62e orbits its host star every 122 days and is roughly 60 percent larger (in diameter) than Earth.

Kepler-62
Kepler-62 is a K-type main sequence star cooler and smaller than the Sun, located 982 light-years (301 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Lyra. It resides within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets that may be transiting their stars. On April 18, 2013, it was announced that the star has five planets, two of which, Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f are within the star's habitable zone. The outermost, Kepler-62f, is likely a rocky planet.
Microelectronics Education Support Unit
The Microelectronics Education Support Unit (MESU) was an organization in the United Kingdom that provided professional support about educational technology. It was announced in 1985, but was merged in 1988 to form the National Council for Educational Technology.

National Council for Educational Technology
The National Council for Educational Technology provided advice and support for schools and colleges in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland on educational technology, in particular the use of computers for teaching and learning.

The Department for Education and Science merged the Council for Educational Technology and the MESU in 1989. The civil servant Noel Thompson, who promoted this change, became its first chief executive. It carried out evaluations of new technologies such as CD-ROMs, laptop computers and researched the effectiveness of different methods and techniques.  It promoted the use of educational technology through publications, events, TV programmes.
Vice President of Ichkeria
The vice president of Ichkeria was the deputy and the first successor of the President of Ichkeria, replacing the latter in case of death, temporary disability or illness.

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999 (see First Chechen War, Second Chechen War). Ichkeria's last presidential elections were held in January 1997.

The Parliament of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria suspended the position of Vice President in November 2007 until next presidential elections.

President of Ichkeria
The president of Ichkeria, formally the president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (Chechen: Нохчийн Республикан Ичкерин Президент, romanized: Noxçiyn Respublikan Içkerin Prezident; Russian: Президент Чеченской Республики Ичкерия, romanized: Prezident Chechenskoy Respubliki Ichkeriya) was the head of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from 1991 to 2007, the Islamic republic that existed until the victory of the Russian Federation in the Second Chechen War.

This is a list of presidents of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a de facto state in Chechnya that controlled most of the former Checheno-Ingush ASSR from 1991 to 2007 (see First Chechen War, Second Chechen War). Ichkeria's last presidential elections were held in January 1997.
Canadian Light Rail Vehicle
The Canadian Light Rail Vehicle (CLRV) and Articulated Light Rail Vehicle (ALRV) were types of streetcars used by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) from the late 1970s until they were scrapped in the late 2010s. They were built following the TTC's decision to retain streetcar services in the 1970s, replacing the existing PCC streetcar fleet.

Two variants were produced: the standard single-module CLRV (built between 1977 and 1981) and the longer articulated double-module ALRV (built between 1987 and 1989). The ALRVs were officially retired from regular TTC service on September 2, 2019, with the CLRVs officially retired on December 29, 2019. Both were replaced by the Flexity Outlook, a low-floor streetcar first introduced in 2014.

PCC streetcar
A Presidents' Conference Committee (PCC) car is a type of streetcar (tram) that was first built in the United States in the 1930s. The design proved successful domestically, and after World War II it was licensed for production and use elsewhere in the world.

The PCC car has proved to be a long-lasting icon of streetcar design. About 5,000 PCC streetcars were built in the United States, with production continuing until 1952. In North America, some PCC streetcars are still in regular service, with most operating on heritage streetcar lines. As of 2026, the San Francisco Municipal Railway is the largest North American operator of PCC cars, using a fleet of 27 on two heritage lines.

After World War II, the PCC design was licensed to multiple European companies. Over 15,000 PCC-derived streetcars were built in Europe, including the popular Tatra T3.
Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh
Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (May 29, 1876 – September 7, 1954) was an American teacher best known as the mother of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh. She was raised in a highly educated family; her dentist father Charles H. Land pioneered porcelain and gold tooth crowns, and her uncle John Christian Lodge (1862–1950) was the 51st, 54th, and 56th mayor of Detroit. Swamped by international news reporters after her son's success flying the first solo crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, Evangeline said; "I am grateful. There is no use attempting to find words to express my happiness."

Charles H. Land
Charles Henry Land (January 11, 1847 – April 8, 1922) was a dentist who pioneered porcelain and gold teeth crowns. His brother, John Christian Lodge (1862–1950), was the 51st, 54th, and 56th mayor of Detroit. Land was the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902–1974).
Cessna 206
The Cessna 205, 206 and 207, known primarily as the Stationair (and marketed variously as the Super Skywagon, Skywagon and Super Skylane), are a family of single-engined, general aviation aircraft with fixed landing gear, used in commercial air service as well as for personal use. The family was originally developed from the popular retractable-gear Cessna 210 and produced by the Cessna Aircraft Company.

The line's combination of a powerful engine, rugged construction and a large cabin has made these aircraft popular bush planes.  Cessna describes the 206 as "the sport-utility vehicle of the air."  These airplanes are also used for aerial photography, skydiving and other utility purposes.  They can also be equipped with floats, amphibious floats and skis.  Alternatively, they can be fitted with luxury appointments for use as a personal air transport.

From 1962 to 2006 Cessna produced 8,509 aircraft in the 205, 206 and 207 variants. The aircraft remains in production.

Cessna 210 Centurion
The Cessna 210 Centurion is a six-seat, high-performance, retractable-gear, single-engined, high-wing general-aviation light aircraft. First flown in January 1957, it was produced by Cessna until 1986.
Lasius
Lasius is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, Lasius niger. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, L. neoniger, and L. alienus. Other species include the temporary social parasites of the L. mixtus group and the hyper-social parasite Lasius fuliginosus. Lasius flavus is also a commonly seen species, building grassy hillocks in undisturbed pasture. In the Alps, these mounds – always aligned east to catch the first rays of the rising sun – have been traditionally used by goatherds as natural compasses. Species in the subgenus Acanthomyops, in particular L. interjectus and L. claviger, are commonly known as citronella ants due to their citronella-like smell.

Lasius claviger
Lasius claviger, or the smaller yellow ant, is a species of ant belonging to the genus Lasius, formerly a part of the genus (now subgenus) Acanthomyops. Described in 1862 by Roger, the species is native to the United States.
Evrotas (municipality)
Evrotas (Greek: Ευρώτας) is a municipality in the Laconia regional unit, Peloponnese, Greece. It is named after the river Eurotas. The seat of the municipality is the town Skala. The municipality has an area of 811.734 km2.

Skala, Laconia
Skala (Greek: Σκάλα) is a town and a former municipality in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Evrotas, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 143.945 km2. Population 5,175 (2021). Skala is known for organic food production.
Qasr El Nil Bridge
The Qasr el Nil Bridge (originally named Khedive Ismail Bridge, Egyptian Arabic: Asr el Nil Bridge), is a historic swing bridge structure dating from 1931 which replaced the first bridge to span the Nile River in central Cairo, Egypt. It connects Tahrir Square in Downtown Cairo on the east bank of the river, to the southern end of Gezira/Zamalek Island.  At the bridge's east and west approaches are four large bronze lion statues; they are late 19th-century works by Henri Alfred Jacquemart, French sculptor and animalier.

Tahrir Square
Tahrir Square (Egyptian Arabic: ميدان التحرير, romanized: Meydān et-Taḥrīr, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [meˈdæːn ettæħˈɾiːɾ]; English: "Liberation Square"), also known as Martyr Square, is a public town square in downtown Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. It was first established in 1867. The square has been the location and focus for political demonstrations. The 1919 Egyptian revolution, and the 2011 Egyptian revolution occurred partially at the Tahrir Square.
Mexican Air Force
The Mexican Air Force (FAM; Spanish: Fuerza Aérea Mexicana) is the air service branch under the Mexican Army of the Mexican Armed Forces. It is overseen by the Secretariat of National Defense. The objective of the FAM is to defend the integrity, independence, and sovereignty of Mexico. Its auxiliary tasks include internal security, assisting with public works, and natural disaster management. As of 2024, its commander is Óscar René Rubio Sánchez.

Secretariat of National Defense
The Secretariat of National Defense (Spanish: Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA) is the Mexican government department responsible for managing Mexico's Army and Air Forces. Its head is the Secretary of National Defense who, like the co-equal Secretary of the Navy, is directly answerable to the President. Before 1937, the position was called the Secretary of War and Navy (Secretaría de Guerra y Marina). The agency has its headquarters in Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City. Some key figures who answer directly to the Secretary are the Assistant Secretary, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, and all military tribunals.

Alongside his role as a cabinet member the Secretary shares, since 2020, the official ex officio title of "Commanding General of the Mexican Army, Air Force, and National Guard" (Alto Mando del Ejercito, Fuerza Aerea, y Guardia Nacional).
Nätschen
Nätschen is a mountain location and ski area above Andermatt, in the Canton of Uri, Switzerland. Higher up on Nätschen the mountain is known as Gütsch. Its highest point is 2,344 m (7,690 ft). It is one of the mountains in the Gotthard Oberalp Arena, as is Gemsstock, which is on the other side of Andermatt. It has 11 ski runs, totaling approximately 21 km of ski pistes, and 4 ski lifts, including a Detachable 4-man Chairlift. Nätschen's lifts are powered by three wind turbines, two of which were installed in late 2010 (E-44), the other in 2004 (E-40). These turbines are all made by Enercon. Nätschen has a railway station, run by the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn, which is between Andermatt and Disentis/Mustér.

Skiarena Andermatt-Sedrun
The Andermatt-Sedrun Sport AG (previously the Gotthard Oberalp Arena and the Gotthard Oberalp Skiarena (until 2013)) is a ski area located in Andermatt, Sedrun, and Oberalp in Switzerland. It has 16 ski lifts and approximately 30 runs, and just over 100 km of pistes. The ski area covers five separate mountains:

Gemsstock

Nätschen

Sedrun / Oberalp

Realp (small beginner slope only)

Valtgeva (small beginner slope only)

It previously included Winterhorn, in Hospental, which was abandoned in 2007.

Train services (run by the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn) are vital in this resort as they are the only means of transport available to travel from Andermatt (Nätschen and Gemsstock) to Oberalp, Dieni, and Sedrun. Between Andermatt, Hospental, and Realp can be journeyed by car as well as the railway.
United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)
The United Presbyterian Church (1847–1900) was a Scottish Presbyterian denomination. It was formed in 1847 by the union of the United Secession Church and the Relief Church, and in 1900 merged with the Free Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland, which in turn united with the Church of Scotland in 1929. For most of its existence, the United Presbyterian Church was the third largest presbyterian church in Scotland, and stood on the liberal wing of Scots Presbyterianism. The church's name was often abbreviated to the initials UP.

United Free Church of Scotland
The United Free Church of Scotland (UF Church; Scottish Gaelic: An Eaglais Shaor Aonaichte, Scots: The Unitit Free Kirk o Scotland) is a Scottish Presbyterian denomination formed in 1900 by the union of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland (or UP) and the majority of the 19th-century Free Church of Scotland.  The majority of the United Free Church of Scotland united with the Church of Scotland in 1929.
Star Ship
Star Ship is a first-person space combat simulator video game designed by Bob Whitehead and published by Atari, Inc. as a launch title for the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS). The game has the player in a first-person perspective of a space ship, where can play a few variations of games that either involve shooting enemy space objects while avoiding asteroids, aiming at a second ship controlled by a player, trying to travel as fast through space within a time limit, or have a lunar lander craft land on a moon that is actively trying to avoid the player.

The game was Whitehead's first game for the system after being hired in January 1977. The game was based on the Atari arcade game Starship 1 (1977) as Whitehead was encouraged to make games that were adaptations of Atari's arcade line-up. The game received middling reviews from Video and Creative Computing. Atari officially stopped releasing the game in mid-1980.

Starship 1
Starship 1 is a first-person shooter space combat game developed and manufactured for arcades in 1977 by Atari, Inc. The game, which takes great inspiration from the television series Star Trek, contains the first known Easter egg in any arcade game. The arcade game was distributed in Japan by Namco in 1978, and was ported to the Atari 2600 as Star Ship.
Christopher Masterson
Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as  Francis on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of actor Danny Masterson, and the older half-brother of Alanna Masterson and Jordan Masterson, who are also actors.

Danny Masterson
Daniel Peter Masterson (born March 13, 1976)  is an American actor. He portrayed Steven Hyde in That '70s Show (1998–2006), Milo Foster in Men at Work (2012–2014), and Jameson "Rooster" Bennett in The Ranch (2016–2018).

In 2023, Masterson was convicted of raping two women in 2003, and is currently serving a 30 years to life prison sentence. A third count of rape resulted in a hung jury. Masterson is a Scientologist, as were his victims at the time of the assaults. The Church of Scientology's attempts to silence the victims, and other interference, delayed bringing the crimes to justice for 20 years.
European Aquatics Women's Challenger Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Challenger Cup, formerly the LEN Women's Challenger Cup is a water polo club competition organised by the Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN). It acts as the third tier, below the LEN Women's Champions League and the LEN Women's Euro Cup. Its first season will commence in 2023–24.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the 'European Aquatics Women's Challenger Cup.

2023–24 LEN Women's Challenger Cup
The 2023–24 LEN Women's Challenger Cup was the inaugural edition of the new water polo competition organised by the Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN). It acted as the third tier, below the LEN Women's Champions League and the LEN Women's Euro Cup.

Izmir BB GSK won the inaugural competition, beating ZVK Crvena Zvezda 10–9 in the final. Izmir BB GSK became the first Turkish club to win a European club water polo competition.
Ministry of Information Policy (Ukraine)
The Ministry of Information Policy (Ukrainian: Міністерство інформаційної політики, romanized: Ministerstvo informatsiinoi polityky) or MIP was a government ministry in Ukraine established on 2 December 2014. The Honcharuk Government (on 29 August 2019) abolished the Ministerial post. The government institution was revived in March 2020 as part of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy.

Ministry of Culture (Ukraine)
The Ministry of Culture of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство культури України) or MinCult is the main state authority in the system of central government of Ukraine responsible for country's cultural development and history preservation.
Australian Space Board
The Australian Space Board was a board that made up part of the Australian National Space Program initiative from 1986 until it was superseded by the Australian Space Council in 1994.

The board's role was to advise the Minister for Industry, Technology and Commerce on the National Space Program.

The board was made up of five members appointed by the minister, with the Australian Space Office being an ex-officio member.: p. 2  Later the CSIRO Office of Space Science and Applications also became a member.

National Space Program
The National Space Program was a set of policies and organisations under the Hawke and Keating governments created with the goals of developing a national space industry in Australia. When the Howard government came to power in 1996 the program was abolished following the advice of the Bureau of Industry Economics. The National Space Program was generally considered a failure by most media after its demise. During its existence it was crippled by a lack of budget, and multiple white elephant projects. The Federal Government disbanded the project in 1996 and had covered up most traces of it by 1998.
Nasty Gal
Nasty Gal is an American fast-fashion retailer that specializes in fashion for young women. The company has customers in over 60 countries. Founded by Sophia Amoruso in 2006, Nasty Gal was named "Fastest Growing Retailer" in 2012 by Inc. magazine. Nasty Gal is based in Los Angeles. In 2017, the company was acquired for $40 million by British retailer BooHoo Group following its Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Debenhams Group
Boohoo Group plc, trading as Debenhams Group (also known as Debenhams, formerly trading as Boohoo Group) is a British online fast-fashion retailer group, aimed at 16- to 30-year-olds. The business was founded in 2006 and had sales of £856.9 million in 2019. It is named after the historic department store chain of the same name, some of whose assets were acquired by the then-named Boohoo in 2021.

It specialises in own brand fashion clothing, with over 36,000 products. The company has acquired the brands and online presence of several defunct high street retailers, and also seen controversy over working conditions at some of its third party owned suppliers. Boohoo has since terminated the contracts with multiple suppliers because of this.
KITSAT-3
KITSAT-3 was a South Korean remote sensing minisatellite which carried MEIS (Multispectral Earth Imaging System) and SENSE (Space ENvironment Scientific Experiment) instruments to low Earth orbit (LEO). Launched on 26 May 1999 by Indian space agency Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), on orbit the satellite was renamed to Uribyol-3. Manufactured by KAIST Satellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC), KITSAT-3 was developed with experience from KITSAT-1 and KITSAT-2 (no heritage to the KITSAT-1 and KITSAT-2 bus) and was the first independently designed South Korean satellite.

KITSAT-1
KITSAT-1 or KITSAT-A (Korean Institute of Technology Satellite) is the first South Korean satellite to be launched. Once launched, the satellite was given the nickname "Our Star" (우리별). KITSAT-1 operated in a 818 miles (1,316 km) by 825 miles (1,328 km) low Earth orbit (LEO). Of the 12 satellites launched by South Korea, KITSAT-1 is in the highest orbit. While KITSAT-1 maintains equilibrium by gravity gradient forces, magnetic torque can be used to control attitude if needed. The forecasted lifespan of KITSAT-1 was only five years, but communication with the satellite was maintained for 12 years. Since the launch of KITSAT-1, South Korea launched an additional 36 satellites by 2020.
Epistles (Plato)
The Epistles (Greek: Ἐπιστολαί; Latin: Epistolae) of Plato are a series of thirteen letters traditionally included in the Platonic corpus.  With the exception of the Seventh Letter, they are generally considered to be forgeries; many scholars even reject the seventh. They were "generally accepted as genuine until modern times"; but by the close of the nineteenth century, many philologists  believed that none of the letters were actually written by Plato.

The Epistles focus mostly on Plato's time in Syracuse and his influence on the Syracusan tyrants Dion and Dionysius II.  They are generally biographical rather than philosophical, although several, notably the Seventh Letter, gesture at the doctrines of Plato's philosophy.  Only two, the Second and Seventh, directly reference Plato's teacher Socrates, the major figure within his philosophical dialogues.

Seventh Letter
The Seventh Letter of Plato is an epistle that tradition has ascribed to Plato.  It is by far the longest of the epistles of Plato and gives an autobiographical account of his activities in Sicily as part of the intrigues between Dion and Dionysius of Syracuse for the tyranny of Syracuse.  It also contains an extended philosophical interlude concerning the possibility of writing true philosophical works and the theory of forms.  Assuming that the letter is authentic, it was written after Dion was assassinated by Calippus in 353 BC and before the latter was in turn overthrown a year later.
Thermal scanning probe lithography
Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) is a form of scanning probe lithography (SPL) whereby material is structured on the nanoscale using scanning probes, primarily through the application of thermal energy.

Related fields are thermo-mechanical SPL (see also Millipede memory), thermochemical SPL (or thermochemical nanolithography) where the goal is to influence the local chemistry, and thermal dip-pen lithography as an additive technique.

Millipede memory
Millipede memory is a form of non-volatile computer memory. It promised a data density of more than 1 terabit per square inch (1 gigabit per square millimeter), which is about the limit of the perpendicular recording hard drives. Millipede storage technology was pursued as a potential replacement for magnetic recording in hard drives and a means of reducing the physical size of the technology to that of flash media.

IBM demonstrated a prototype millipede storage device at CeBIT 2005, and was trying to make the technology commercially available by the end of 2007. However, because of concurrent advances in competing storage technologies, no commercial product has been made available since then.