hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Power over Ethernet
Power over Ethernet (PoE) describes any of several standards or ad hoc systems that pass electric power along with data on twisted-pair Ethernet cabling. This allows a single cable to provide both a data connection and enough electricity to power networked devices such as wireless access points (WAPs), IP cameras and VoIP phones.

VoIP phone
A VoIP phone or IP phone uses voice over IP technologies for placing and transmitting telephone calls over an IP network, such as the Internet. This is in contrast to a standard phone which uses the traditional public switched telephone network (PSTN).

Digital IP-based telephone service uses control protocols such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP) or various other proprietary protocols.
Cut Throat Island Air Station
Cut Throat Island  Air Station (ADC ID: N-27A) was a General Surveillance Gap Filler Radar station in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, It was located 160 miles (260 km) east-northeast of CFB Goose Bay.  It was closed in 1961.

Cartwright Air Station
Cartwright Air Station (ADC ID: N-27) is a closed General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 233.7 km (145.2 mi) east-northeast of CFB Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador. It was closed in 1968.
Google Colab
Google Colaboratory, or Google Colab for short, is a free, cloud-based Jupyter Notebook environment provided by Google. It allows users to write and execute Python code through the browser, especially suited for machine learning, data analysis, and education.  Google Colab provides an online integrated development environment (IDE) for Python that requires no setup and runs entirely in the cloud. It offers free access to computing resources, including GPUs and TPUs, making it popular among researchers and students working on deep learning and data science projects.

Project Jupyter
Project Jupyter (pronounced "Jupiter") is a project to develop open-source software, open standards, and services for interactive computing across multiple programming languages.

It was spun off from IPython in 2014 by its Seven Founding Members:  Fernando Pérez, Brian Granger, Damian Avila,  Kyle Kelley, Matthias Bussonnier, Min Ragan-Kelley, and Thomas Kluyver. Project Jupyter's name is a reference to the three core programming languages supported by Jupyter, which are Julia, Python and R. Its name and logo are an homage to Galileo's discovery of the moons of Jupiter, as documented in notebooks attributed to Galileo.

Jupyter is financially sponsored by the Jupyter Foundation.
8×64mm S
The 8×64mm S (also unofficially known as the 8×64mm S Brenneke) (the S means it is intended for 8.2 mm (.323 in) groove diameter bullets) is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire cartridge developed as a military service round for the German Army who never issued it. As is customary in European cartridges the 8 denotes the 8 mm bullet caliber and the 64 denotes the 64 mm (2.52 in) case length.

The 8×64mm is a hunting cartridge in central Europe and can due to its 87.5 mm (3.445 in) maximal overall length fairly easily be chambered in standard sized military Mauser Gewehr 98 bolt-action rifles. In such military M98 bolt actions the magazine boxes, however, have to be adapted by a competent gunsmith to function properly with the 8×64mm S cartridge, since the M98 internal magazine boxes feature an internal magazine length of 84 mm (3.31 in).

Gewehr 98
The Gewehr 98 (abbreviated G98, Gew 98, or M98) is a bolt-action rifle made by Mauser for the German Empire as its service rifle from 1898 to 1935.

The Gewehr 98 action, using a 5-round stripper clip loaded with the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge, successfully combined and improved several bolt-action engineering concepts which were soon adopted by many other countries, including the United Kingdom, United States, and Japan. The Gewehr 98 replaced the earlier Gewehr 1888 as the main German service rifle. It first saw combat in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion and was the main German infantry service rifle of World War I. The Gewehr 98 saw further military use by the Ottoman Empire and Nationalist Spain.

It was eventually replaced by the Karabiner 98k, a carbine version using the same design, for the Wehrmacht under Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.
Albert Schreiner
Albert Hermann Schreiner (7 August 1892 – 4 August 1979) was a German communist revolutionary, politician, and historian. He served briefly as minister of war of the Free People's State of Württemberg following the German Revolution, then in the Antimilitärischer Apparat of the Communist Party of Germany during the Hamburg Uprising, and finally as chief of staff for the XIII International Brigade during the Spanish Civil War.

Ministry of War of Württemberg
The Ministry of War of Württemberg (German: Württembergisches Kriegsministerium) was a ministry of the Kingdom of Württemberg, that existed from 1806 to 1919. It was located in Stuttgart at Olgastraße 13.
Parasympathomimetic drug
A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by the PSNS. Chemicals in this family can act either directly by stimulating the nicotinic or muscarinic receptors (thus mimicking acetylcholine), or indirectly by inhibiting cholinesterase, promoting acetylcholine release, or other mechanisms. Common uses of parasympathomimetics include glaucoma, Sjögren syndrome and underactive bladder.

Some chemical weapons such as sarin or VX, non-lethal riot control agents such as tear gas, and insecticides such as diazinon fall into this category.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers. They are mainly found in the parasympathetic nervous system, but also have a role in the sympathetic nervous system in the control of sweat glands.

Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. Their counterparts are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the autonomic nervous system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpine and scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists or antagonists.
Corona, Tennessee
Corona is an unincorporated community in Tipton County, Tennessee, United States.

Due to topographic changes caused by the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, part of what is now Tipton County was cut off the state of Tennessee by a change in the course of the Mississippi River. The earthquake changed the course of the Mississippi River, placing the communities of Corona and Reverie on the Arkansas side of the river, while most of the area of Tipton County is located east of the Mississippi River, on the Tennessee side.

Tipton County, Tennessee
Tipton County is a county located on the western end of the U.S. state of Tennessee, in the Mississippi Delta region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,970. Its county seat is Covington. Tipton County, founded in 1823, is part of the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area.
John Fatiaki
Dr John Charles Fatiaki (born 1947 or 1948) is a career medical practitioner who was chosen by the Rotuma Island Council to be their representative in the Fijian Senate. He is the younger brother of former Chief Justice of Fiji Daniel Fatiaki.

Council of Rotuma
The Council of Rotuma is a municipal body on the island of Rotuma, a Fijian dependency.  Owing to the unique character of Rotuma, the powers of this council are greater than those of other municipal bodies in Fiji and in some ways it approximates a legislative body, though it is in every way subordinate to the Parliament of Fiji.
Guildmasters' Guide to Ravnica
Guildmasters' Guide to Ravnica is a sourcebook that details the Ravnica campaign setting for the 5th edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game published in November 2018. The world of Ravnica was originally created for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game and first appeared in the card set Ravnica: City of Guilds, which was released in 2005. It is a high-magic world with a loose Slavic flavor, and features a single city which spans the entire planet that is controlled by ten competing guilds of different ideologies.

Ravnica (Magic: The Gathering)
Ravnica is a Magic: The Gathering block that consists of three expert-level expansion sets: Ravnica: City of Guilds (October 7, 2005), Guildpact (February 3, 2006), and Dissension (May 5, 2006). Following in the tradition of other Magic blocks, Ravnica takes place in a plane of the multiverse that was previously unexplored in the game's backstory. The world of Ravnica is an ecumenopolis, a vast city that covers the entire surface of its planet, and is home to a diverse assortment of sentient races. Much power in Ravnica is held by the ten "guilds", political factions that each represent a combination of two of Magic's five colors. The mythology of Ravnica is loosely derived from Slavic folklore, and the character names reflect this. This plane was revisited in the Return to Ravnica block, and the Guilds of Ravnica, Ravnica Allegiance, War of the Spark, and Murders at Karlov Manor sets.
The Last Hard Men (band)
The Last Hard Men were an alternative music supergroup composed of former Skid Row vocalist Sebastian Bach, The Frogs guitarist Jimmy Flemion, The Breeders guitarist–vocalist Kelley Deal, and The Smashing Pumpkins drummer Jimmy Chamberlin.

The Frogs (band)
The Frogs are an alternative rock band founded in 1980, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, by brothers Jimmy and Dennis Flemion. The brothers mainly wrote and performed short, catchy pop songs, but they are also known for their improvised home recordings that are delivered in a comedic style, and often include controversial issues such as race, religion, and sexuality (notably homoeroticism). A history of strife has hindered the band, although a devoted fan base that includes many well-known musicians has supported the group.
National Republican Guard (Portugal)
The National Republican Guard (Portuguese: Guarda Nacional Republicana) or GNR is the national gendarmerie force of Portugal.

Members of the GNR are military personnel, subject to military law and organisation, unlike the agents of the civilian Public Security Police (PSP).

The GNR is responsible for the preventive police and highway patrol in 94% of Portuguese territory. At national level, GNR also has duties of customs enforcement, coastal control, nature protection, search and rescue operations and state ceremonial guards of honor.

Since the 2000s, the GNR has provided detachments for participation in international operations in Iraq, East Timor and other theatres.

As October 2023, the GNR is now partly in charge of controlling the Portuguese borders (alongside the PSP), with the dissolution of the Foreigners and Borders Service.

Foreigners and Borders Service
The Foreigners and Borders Service - SEF (Portuguese: Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras) was the  police service integrated into the Ministry of Internal Affairs, whose mission was to enforce immigration and asylum in Portugal, in accordance with the provisions of constitutional, legal and governmental guidelines.

Among other duties, the SEF was the agency responsible for border control and the issuing of residence permits to foreign nationals legally residing in Portugal.

This police force was dissolved in October 2023, splitting its duties between the National Unit for Foreigners and Borders subordinated to the PSP (the Portuguese national civilian police force), the National Republican Guard (the country's Gendarmerie force), the Institute of Registries and Notary and the Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum
Kersti Kaljulaid
Kersti Kaljulaid (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkersʲːtʲi ˈkɑlʲːjuˈlɑi̯ːːt]; born 30 December 1969) is an Estonian politician who served as the fifth president of Estonia between 2016 and 2021, and was its first and only female head of state since the country declared independence in 1918. She was also the youngest president, aged 46 at the time of her election.

Kaljulaid, a state official who at the time served as Estonia's representative in the European Court of Auditors, entered the 2016 Estonian presidential election race in the sixth round after five previous unsuccessful rounds. She was nominated on 30 September 2016 by the majority of parliamentary parties as a joint candidate for president, and the only official candidate for the sixth round. Kaljulaid was voted president on 3 October 2016, with 81 votes and 17 abstentions.

In 2024, she was elected the next Estonian Olympic Committee president for the next four years.

2016 Estonian presidential election
An indirect election took place in Estonia in 2016 to elect the president of Estonia, who is the country's head of state. The Riigikogu — the Parliament of Estonia — elected Kersti Kaljulaid to be the next head of state of Estonia to succeed Toomas Hendrik Ilves, who had served his second and final term as president (as he was term-limited). Kaljulaid is the first female head of state of Estonia.

Somewhat unusually, Kaljulaid was elected president only after other candidates could not be elected in three rounds of parliamentary voting and two rounds of voting by an electoral college consisting of members of Parliament and representatives of local governments of Estonia.
Karen Beauchemin
Karen Beauchemin is a federal scientist in Canada who is recognized as an international authority on methane emissions and ruminant nutrition. Her research helps develop farming techniques that improve how we raise cattle for meat and milk, while reducing the environmental impacts of livestock production.

The work of Beauchemin and her colleagues, has led to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada being recognized as a world leader in measuring greenhouse gases and in developing strategies to reduce emissions from agricultural activities including from livestock production. Beauchemin has been recognized with awards from the Canadian Society of Animal Science, American Dairy Science Association, the Chinese Academy of Science, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry in Stockholm, Sweden.

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC; sometimes Ag-Canada; French: Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for the federal regulation of agriculture, including policies governing the production, processing, and marketing of all farm, food, and agri-based products. Agriculture in Canada is a shared jurisdiction and the department works with the provinces and territories in the development and delivery of policies and programs.

The minister of agriculture and agri-food is responsible for the department to Parliament. While the minister is head of the department, and provides policy/political direction, the day-to-day operations of the department are managed by the deputy minister, who is a public servant.
Florida State Road 820
State Road 820 (SR 820), locally known as Pines Boulevard and Hollywood Boulevard, is a 19.956-mile-long (32.116 km) divided east–west highway serving southern Broward County, Florida.  Its western terminus is an intersection with U.S. Highway 27 (US 27 or State Road 25) in Pembroke Pines, Florida; and its eastern terminus is a trumpet interchange with State Road A1A in Hollywood, Florida. SR 820 is the southernmost of three roads in Broward County that connects US 27 and A1A, the others being Sheridan Street and Griffin Road. SR 820 also serves as the latitudinal baseline for the street grid that incorporates Hollywood, Pembroke Pines, Miramar, West Park, and Pembroke Park.

Hollywood, Florida
Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb in the Miami metropolitan area. The population of Hollywood was 153,067 as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Broward County.
Satbayev (city)
Satbayev, formerly named Nikolsky until 1990, is a city in Kazakhstan's Ulytau Region, located outside the city of Zhezqazghan. The city is named after Kanysh Satbayev, one of the founders of Soviet metallogeny, principal advocate and the first president of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences. As of 2019, the city had a population of 69,782.

Kanysh Satbayev
Kanysh Imantayuli Satbayev (11 April 1899 – 31 January 1964) was a Kazakh professor, geologist and one of the founders of Soviet metallogeny (specifically the Kazakhstani school) and the principal advocate and first president of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences.

He was a doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1942), Professor (1950), Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1946), member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946), and the first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. He is famous as the geologist who discovered the Ulutau-Dzhezkazgan copper deposit that was, at the time, amongst the largest copper reserves discovered.
Hauser Dam
Hauser Dam (also known as Hauser Lake Dam) is a hydroelectric straight gravity dam on the Missouri River about 14 miles (23 km) northeast of Helena, Montana, in the United States. The original dam, built between 1905 and 1907, failed in 1908 and caused severe flooding and damage downstream. A second dam was built on the site in 1908 and opened in 1911 and comprises the present structure.  The current Hauser Dam is 700 feet (210 m) long and 80 feet (24 m) high. The reservoir formed by the dam, Hauser Lake (also known as Hauser Reservoir), is 25 miles (40 km) long, has a surface area of 3,800 acres (1,500 ha), and has a storage capacity of 98,000 acre-feet (121,000,000 m3) of water when full.

The dam is a "run-of-the-river" dam because it can generate electricity without needing to store additional water supplies behind the dam. The powerhouse contains six generators, bringing Hauser dam's generating capacity to 17 MW.

Holter Dam
Holter Dam is a hydroelectric straight gravity dam on the Missouri River about 45 miles (72 km) northeast of Helena, Montana, in the United States. The dam, which was built between 1908 and 1918, is 1,364 feet (416 m) long and 124 feet (38 m) high. The reservoir formed by the dam, Holter Lake (also known as Holter Reservoir) is 25 miles (40 km) long and has a storage capacity of 243,000 acre-feet (300,000,000 m3) of water when full. The dam is a "run-of-the-river" dam because it can generate electricity without needing to store additional water supplies behind the dam.
Santiago Metro Line 9
Santiago Metro Line 9 is a future metro line that will form part of the Santiago Metro system, with an approximate length of 17 kilometers (11 mi). The line will begin in Santiago Centro and terminate in Puente Alto in the south of the Chilean capital.

The new line will connect with the existing Santiago Metro lines 2, 3 and 7 at Puente Cal y Canto, with line 1 at Santa Lucía, with line 3 at Matta, with line 6 at Bío Bío, with line 4A at Santa Rosa and with line 4 at Plaza de Puente Alto. The distinctive color of the network line map will be pink.

Santiago Metro Line 3
Line 3 is a rapid transit line of the Santiago Metro. Traveling from La Reina in the east towards the center, and Quilicura in the North, Line 3 was originally intended to open in the late 1980s, but the 1985 Algarrobo Earthquake hampered its construction, and a subsequent urban explosion in Puente Alto and Maipú (in the far southeast and mid-southwest respectively) further put its construction on hold, until in the early 2010s construction started. The first phase of the project includes 18 stations, which were completed and opened to the public on 22 January 2019 at a cost of US$1.79 billion. The second phase, composed of a three-station extension towards the main square of Quilicura, which was inaugurated on September 25, 2023 with a total project cost of US$378 million. Its distinctive color on the network line map is chocolate brown.
Ludwig Bledow
Dr Ludwig Erdmann Bledow (27 July 1795, Berlin – 6 August 1846, Berlin) was a German chess master and chess organizer (co-founder of the Berlin Pleiades).
In 1846 he founded the first German chess magazine, Schachzeitung der Berliner Schachgesellschaft, which would later take the name Deutsche Schachzeitung.

Berlin Pleiades
The Berlin Pleiades was a group of seven masters of German chess in the 19th century. They are named after the star constellation the Pleiades.

The members of the Berlin Pleiades were:

Paul Rudolf von Bilguer (1815–1840), Army Lieutenant and author of the Handbuch des Schachspiels, the most influential chess book for 90 years;

Dr. Ludwig Bledow (1795–1846), teacher of mathematics and the Pleiades co-founder;

Wilhelm Hanstein (1811–1850), civil servant;

Bernhard Horwitz (1807–1885), painter;

Baron Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa (1818–1899), later became a Prussian diplomat and chess historian;

Carl Mayet (1810–1868), barrister and judge;

Carl Schorn (1803–1850), painter.

The Berlin Pleiades

Paul von Bilguer

Ludwig Bledow

Wilhelm Hanstein

Bernhard Horwitz

Von der Lasa

Carl Mayet

Carl Schorn
Louise Minchin
Louise Mary Minchin (née Grayson; born 8 September 1968) is a British television presenter, journalist and former news presenter who currently works freelance within the BBC.

Beginning in 2012, Minchin was a regular anchor on the BBC One programme Breakfast, co-hosting the show three days a week, originally with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt and then with Dan Walker from 2016. On 8 June 2021, Minchin announced live on air that she would be leaving BBC Breakfast "after the summer", after presenting the show for 20 years (at first as a stand-in host). Her final appearance on the show was on 15 September 2021.

From 2009 until 2012, Minchin co-hosted Real Rescues alongside Nick Knowles and Chris Hollins. She has guest-hosted The One Show a number of times since 2010.

Chris Hollins (broadcaster)
Christopher Jonathan Hollins (born 20 March 1971) is an English journalist, presenter and TV personality. Hollins is best known for being the sports correspondent for BBC Breakfast until 2012 and for winning Strictly Come Dancing 2009.

Hollins presented the BBC consumer rights series Watchdog from 2010 until 2015.
Liberius I of Ravenna
Liberius I (died c. 200) was Bishop of Ravenna. He is regarded as the founder of the see of Ravenna and was one of its first bishops. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is 30 December.

Bishop of Ravenna
This page is a list of Catholic bishops and archbishops of Ravenna and, from 1947 of the Archdiocese of Ravenna and Cervia, which in 1985 became styled the Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia. The earlier bishops were frequently tied to the Exarchate of Ravenna.