hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brouwersgracht
The Brouwersgracht is a canal in Amsterdam that connects the Singel with the Singelgracht. 
The canal marks the northwestern border of the Grachtengordel (canal belt). 
Between the Prinsengracht and the Singelgracht the Brouwersgracht forms the northern border of the Jordaan neighborhood.

The house numbers of the Lijnbaansgracht, the Prinsengracht, the Keizersgracht, the Herengracht and the Singel start to count from the Brouwersgracht. 
The Herenmarkt is located between Brouwersgracht no. 62 and no. 68, near the West-Indisch Huis (West Indies House).

In 2007 Brouwersgracht was voted the most beautiful street in Amsterdam by readers of Het Parool out of 150 nominations.

Keizersgracht
The Keizersgracht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɛizərsˌxrɑxt]; "Emperor's canal") is a canal in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is the second of the three main Amsterdam canals that together form the Grachtengordel, or canal belt, and lies between the inner Herengracht and outer Prinsengracht.
Brett Lauther
Brett Lauther (born November 4, 1990) is a Canadian professional football placekicker. He was named a CFL West Division All-Star in 2018 and holds the Saskatchewan Roughriders franchise record for highest career field goal percentage. He is a Grey Cup champion after winning with the Roughriders in 2025 and was named a CFL West All-Star in 2018.

112th Grey Cup
The 112th Grey Cup was played between the East Division champion Montreal Alouettes and the West Division champion Saskatchewan Roughriders to decide the Canadian Football League (CFL) championship for the 2025 season. The game was played on November 16, 2025, at Princess Auto Stadium in Winnipeg, Manitoba, making it the fifth time that Winnipeg has hosted the Grey Cup, with the previous being in 2015. The Roughriders defeated the Alouettes 25–17 to win their fifth Grey Cup and first since 2013.

The game was nationally televised in Canada on CTV, TSN, and RDS; in the United States on CBS Sports Network; and internationally on CFL+.
Meedy Shields
Meedy White Shields (July 8, 1804 - February 6, 1866) was an American pioneer and politician in the state of Indiana, who was successful in various business ventures and founded  the city of Seymour. He was a nephew of John Shields of Lewis and Clark fame, a first cousin to General John Tipton and a distant cousin of the diarist Robert Shields.

Seymour, Indiana
Seymour is a city in Jackson and Redding Townships, Jackson County, Indiana, United States. It is situated about 62 miles (100 km) south of Indianapolis and 55 miles (89 km) north of Louisville, Kentucky. Its population was 21,569 at the 2020 census.

The city is known as the "Crossroads of Southern Indiana" for its location at the intersection of two major north–south and east–west railroads, which cross each other in the downtown area (and are still operating). The north–south line (the Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad) was built in the 1840s and connected Indianapolis to the Ohio River at Jeffersonville. The east–west line (the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad) was built in the 1850s, connecting Cincinnati with St. Louis. The first settlers arrived at the intersection of these railroads - Seymour - in the spring of 1853. The city is home to Freeman Army Airfield, a historically significant WWII airbase that is now a civilian airport.
Mahmoud El Ali
Mahmoud Mohamad El Ali (Arabic: محمود محمد العلي; born 4 March 1984) is a Lebanese former professional footballer who played as a striker. El Ali represented the Lebanon national team, scoring 12 goals in 46 games, before being banned for life from professional football due to his involvement in the 2013 Lebanese match fixing scandal.

2013 Lebanese football match-fixing scandal
The 2013 Lebanese football match-fixing scandal was part of a worldwide FIFA investigation with the intent of cracking down on match fixing. Many players were found guilty of being bribed by betting companies to purposefully lose games, with matches not only limited to domestic leagues in Asia, but also international competitions. 24 players were fined in various degrees, with Ramez Dayoub and Mahmoud El Ali being given the most severe punishment: a lifetime ban from the sport and a $15,000 fine.
Nasdaq Helsinki
Nasdaq Helsinki, formerly known as the Helsinki Stock Exchange (Finnish: Helsingin Pörssi, Swedish: Helsingforsbörsen), is a stock exchange located in Helsinki, Finland. Since 3 September 2003, it has been part of Nasdaq Nordic (previously called OMX). After the OMX merger, it was referred to as OMX Helsinki (OMXH), then after NASDAQ's acquisition of OMX in February 2008, NASDAQ OMX Helsinki, and currently Nasdaq Helsinki.

Nasdaq Riga
The Nasdaq Riga, formerly Riga Stock Exchange, is the sole stock exchange operating in Riga, Latvia. It is owned by Nasdaq, which also operates exchanges in the USA, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Armenia, Lithuania, and Estonia. Established in 1993.

Riga Stock Exchange, together with Vilnius Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was established to minimize investing barriers between Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian markets.

OMX Riga (OMXRGI) is an all-share index consisting of all the shares listed on the Riga Stock Exchange.

The exchange has a pre-market session from 08:30am to 10:00am, a normal trading session from 10:00am to 04:00pm, and a post-market session from 04:00pm to 04:30pm.
Swienca family
The Swienca family was a medieval Pomeranian noble family which held high offices under various political powers in the Słupsk and Sławno Land and Gdańsk Pomerania from the mid-13th to the mid-14th centuries.

Lands of Schlawe and Stolp
The Schlawe and Stolp Land (also known as Słupsk and Sławno Land) is a historical region in Pomerania, centered on the towns of Sławno (Schlawe) and Słupsk (Stolp) in Farther Pomerania (Eastern Pomerania), present-day Poland.

The area holds historical significance as it was initially ruled by a cadet branch of the House of Griffin and did not belong to the Duchy of Pomerania (Slavinia) under Duke Wartislaw I and his descendants when they became vassals of the Holy Roman Emperor in 1181. It was ruled by the Samboride dukes of Pomerelia from 1227 and conquered by Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg-Stendal in 1309. The region was not incorporated into the Duchy of Pomerania until 1317.
Colin St Clair Oakes
Colin St Clair Oakes MBE ARIBA (23 May 1908 – 12 December 1971) was a British architect. He was a Principal Architect for the Imperial War Graves Commission (now Commonwealth War Graves Commission) responsible for many of the war cemeteries and memorials in Asia after the second world war. Notable amongst these are Kranji War Cemetery and Memorial in Singapore, Sai Wan War Cemetery in Hong Kong, and Kohima War Cemetery in Nagaland, India.

Sai Wan War Cemetery
Sai Wan War Cemetery is a military cemetery located in Chai Wan, Hong Kong which was built in 1946. The cemetery was created to commemorate soldiers of Hong Kong Garrison who perished during the Second World War. The cemetery also contains 12 World War I burials. A total of 1,528 soldiers, mainly from the Commonwealth, are commemorated here. Most of the remaining burials are located at the Stanley Military Cemetery.
Ylide
An ylide (/ˈɪlaɪd/) or ylid (/ˈɪlɪd/) is a neutral dipolar molecule containing a formally negatively charged atom (usually a carbanion) directly attached to a heteroatom with a formal positive charge (usually nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur), and in which both atoms have full octets of electrons. The result can be viewed as a structure in which two adjacent atoms are connected by both a covalent and an ionic bond; normally written X+–Y−. Ylides are thus 1,2-dipolar compounds, and a subclass of zwitterions. They appear in organic chemistry as reagents or reactive intermediates.

The class name "ylide" for the compound should not be confused with the suffix "-ylide".

Zwitterion
In chemistry, a zwitterion (/ˈtsvɪtərˌaɪɔːn/ TSVIT-ər-EYE-awn; from German  Zwitter [ˈtsvɪtɐ] 'hermaphrodite'), also called an inner salt or dipolar ion, is a molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.
(1,2-dipolar compounds, such as ylides, are sometimes excluded from the definition.)

Some zwitterions, such as amino acid zwitterions, are in chemical equilibrium with an uncharged "parent" molecule. Betaines are zwitterions that cannot isomerize to an all-neutral form, such as when the positive charge is located on a quaternary ammonium group. Similarly, a molecule containing a phosphonium group and a carboxylate group cannot isomerize.
Walden Woods Project
The Walden Woods Project (WWP) is a nonprofit organization located in Lincoln, Massachusetts, devoted to the legacy of Henry David Thoreau and the preservation of Walden Woods, the forest around Walden Pond that spans Lincoln and Concord, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1990 by musician Don Henley to prevent two development projects in Walden Woods. Its mission has since expanded from conservation to research and education on the works of Henry David Thoreau. In 1998, the Thoreau Institute at Walden Woods was founded as part of the Project; today its library houses a collection of Thoreau-related resources.

Walden Pond
Walden Pond is a historic pond in Concord, Massachusetts, in the United States. A good example of a kettle hole, it was formed by retreating glaciers 10,000–12,000 years ago. The pond is protected as part of Walden Pond State Reservation, a 335-acre (136 ha) state park and recreation site managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. The reservation was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 for its association with the writer Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), whose two years living in a cabin on its shore provided the foundation for his famous 1854 work, Walden; or, Life in the Woods. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ensured federal support for the preservation of the pond.
Stemonidium
Stemonidium hypomelas is a species of deep-sea eel in the family Serrivomeridae, originally described from a 171 mm (6.7 in) specimen taken from a depth of around 1,000 m (3,280 ft) near Niʻihau Island, Hawaii in 1902. It can be distinguished from the related sawtooth eels by its reduced dentition, which more resemble those of the snipe eel. It is of no significance to fisheries.

Sawtooth eel
Sawtooth eels are a family, Serrivomeridae, of eels found in temperate and tropical seas worldwide.

Sawtooth eels get their name from the human-like arrangement of inward-slanting teeth attached to the vomer bone in the roof of the mouth. They are deepwater pelagic fish.
Nazz III
Nazz III is the third and final studio album by the American pop rock band Nazz. It was released in 1971 on SGC Records, over a year after the band had broken up, and consists of archival recordings of the band.

Nazz
The Nazz was an American rock band formed in Philadelphia in 1967. The group was founded by guitarist and main songwriter Todd Rundgren and bassist Carson Van Osten. Drummer Thom Mooney and vocalist/keyboardist Robert "Stewkey" Antoni joined soon after. The group is best known for their debut single "Open My Eyes”, and "Hello It's Me".

During 1968 and 1969, the Nazz released two albums (Nazz and Nazz Nazz). Following the group's disbandment in 1969, a collection of archival recordings was compiled and released under the title Nazz III. Rundgren later re-recorded a solo version of "Hello It's Me" that reached number 5 on the U.S. charts.
Playa Del Rock
Playa Del Rock is the third studio album by American hard rock band London, released on December 19, 1990, by Noise Records. Some versions of this album was released under the band name D'Priest. Studio recording included appearances by Jimmy Greenspoon of Three Dog Night, Guy Babylon of Elton John as well as Richard Podolor, a/k/a Richie Allen on Mandolin.

"Hot Child in the City" is a Nick Gilder cover.

London (American band)
London is an American glam metal band formed in Hollywood, California in 1978. The band included several members that would go on to play in more famous bands, such as Mötley Crüe, Guns N' Roses, W.A.S.P. and Cinderella.
Venezuelan cinema in the 2020s
In 2020, the International Film Festival Rotterdam presented the feature film La Fortaleza by Jorge Thielen Armand in the Tiger Competition; La Fortaleza is the first Venezuelan title compete in this A-list festival.

In 2023, the Venezuelan Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences chose Simón, directed by Diego Vicentini, to represent Venezuela in the 38th Goya Awards. On 30 November, Simón was officially nominated to the 38th Goya Awards in the Best Ibero-American Film category.

Simón (2023 film)
Simón is a 2023 drama film written, directed, co-produced and edited by Venezuelan filmmaker Diego Vicentini. It is about a young Venezuelan protester, Simón, who, after being arrested and tortured during protests in his country, flees the country and seeks asylum in Miami, where he must decide whether to stay in the city or return to Venezuela. As filming took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, precautions were introduced, including frequent testing of the cast and crew, the strict use of masks and set sterilization between scenes, which added unforeseen costs to the production. Premiered at the Florida Film Festival, the feature film has received multiple awards, including Best Feature Film at the Venezuelan Film Festival and Best Narrative Feature at the Heartland International Film Festival. Simón was nominated for the 38th Goya Awards in the Best Ibero-American Film category.
Douglas Fowley
Douglas Fowley (born Daniel Vincent Fowley, May 30, 1911 – May 21, 1998) was an American movie and television actor in more than 240 films and dozens of television programs. He is probably best remembered for his role as the frustrated movie director Roscoe Dexter in Singin' in the Rain (1952), and for his regular supporting role as Doc Fabrique and Doc Holliday in The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp.  He was the father of rock and roll musician and record producer Kim Fowley.

Kim Fowley
Kim Vincent Fowley (July 21, 1939 – January 15, 2015) was an American record producer, songwriter, and musician who was behind a string of novelty and cult pop rock singles in the 1960s, and managed the Runaways in the 1970s. He has been described as "one of the most colorful characters in the annals of rock & roll", as well as "a shadowy cult figure well outside the margins of the mainstream".
Chemin de fer de la Baie de Somme
The Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme (French pronunciation: [ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də la bɛ də sɔm], lit. 'Somme Bay Railway'), is a preserved railway in northern France. The railway is managed by a non-profit organization, which runs from March to December between the towns of the Baie de Somme area: Le Crotoy and Cayeux-sur-Mer via Noyelles-sur-Mer and Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, on metre gauge tracks (formerly part of Société générale des chemins de fer économiques). The association was founded in 1970 and over the years it has become a major player in tourism development in the Picardy coast and is also responsible for the preservation, safeguarding and enhancement of the fleet full of cars, wagons, steam locomotives and diesel locomotives. A part of the line has dual gauge track, and although forming part of a group of five lines, at least a part of it has always been open to traffic.

Dual gauge
A dual gauge railroad track has three or four rails, allowing vehicles of two track gauges to run on it.

Signalling and sidings are more expensive to install on dual gauge tracks than on two single gauge tracks. Dual gauge is used when there is not enough room for two single tracks or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or train stations.
Eric Rubin
Eric Joseph Rubin (born 1958) is an American microbiologist, and infectious disease specialist. He is a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, an adjunct Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Editor-in-Chief of the New England Journal of Medicine and NEJM Group.

The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2024 impact factor was 78.5, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See
The orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See include titles, chivalric orders, distinctions and medals honoured by the Holy See, with the Pope as the fount of honour, for deeds and merits of their recipients to the benefit of the Holy See, the Catholic Church, or their respective communities, societies, nations and the world at large.

Some of these honours are defunct or currently dormant, while some are still actively conferred.

Fount of honour
The fount of honour (Latin: fons honorum) is a person, who, by virtue of their official position, has the exclusive right of conferring legitimate titles of nobility and orders of chivalry on other persons.
Mick Nanyn
Mick Nanyn (born 3 June 1982) is a former Scotland international rugby league footballer. He played as a centre and was a specialist goal-kicker. He set point scoring records at several of the clubs he played for. Nanyn started his career at Swinton, and went on to play for the Rochdale Hornets, Whitehaven, Widnes, Oldham and the Leigh Centurions. He also played for Scotland at international level.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things (怪談, Kaidan; also archaic romanized Kwaidan), often shortened to Kwaidan ("ghost story"), is a 1904 book by Lafcadio Hearn that features several Japanese ghost stories and a brief non-fiction study on insects. It was later used as the basis for a 1964 film, Kwaidan, by Masaki Kobayashi.

Kaidan
Kaidan (怪談; sometimes transliterated kwaidan) is a Japanese word consisting of two kanji: 怪 (kai) meaning 'strange, mysterious, rare, or bewitching apparition' and 談 (dan) meaning 'talk' or 'recited narrative'.

In its broadest sense, kaidan refers to any ghost story or horror story, but it has an old-fashioned ring to it that carries the connotation of Edo period Japanese folktales. The term is no longer as widely used in Japanese as it once was: Japanese horror books and films such as Ju-on and Ring would more likely be labeled by the katakana horā (ホラー; 'horror'). Kaidan is only used if the author/director wishes to give an old-fashioned air to the story.
Apollonius point
In Euclidean geometry, the Apollonius point is a triangle center designated as X(181) in Clark Kimberling's Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers (ETC). It is defined as the point of concurrence of the three line segments joining each vertex of the triangle to the points of tangency formed by the opposing excircle and a larger circle that is tangent to all three excircles.

In the literature, the term "Apollonius points" has  also been used to refer to the isodynamic points of a triangle.  This usage could also be justified on the ground that the isodynamic points are related to the three Apollonian circles associated with a triangle.

The solution of the Apollonius problem has been known for centuries. But the Apollonius point was first noted in 1987.

Concurrent lines
In geometry, lines in a plane or higher-dimensional space are concurrent if they intersect at a single point.

The set of all lines through a point is called a pencil, and their common intersection is called the vertex of the pencil.

In any affine space (including a Euclidean space) the set of lines parallel to a given line (sharing the same direction) is also called a pencil, and the vertex of each pencil of parallel lines is a distinct point at infinity; including these points results in a projective space in which every pair of lines has an intersection.
South Pagai
South Pagai (Indonesian: Pagai Selatan) is one of the Mentawai Islands of the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The island is south of North Pagai (or Pagai Utara) Island. The population figure given for South Pagai (box to the right) refers to South Pagai District alone. The largely unpopulated south portion of Sikakap District covers the northern part of South Pagai Island, as well as various small islands in the strait between the two islands (the rest of Sikakap District, with almost all of its district population, forms the southern part of North Pagai Island).

The September 2007 Sumatra earthquakes were located near these islands, producing coastal uplift, enlarging nearby islands and even producing six new ones. The 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami also struck off its southwest coast, causing a tsunami.

2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami

2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami
The 2010 Mentawai earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.8 on 25 October off the western coast of Sumatra at 21:42 local time (14:42 UTC). The earthquake occurred on the same subduction zone that produced the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. It was widely felt across the provinces of Bengkulu and West Sumatra and resulted in a substantial localized tsunami that struck the Mentawai Islands.
Maritime Line
The Maritime Line is a branch line railway in Cornwall that runs from the city of Truro to Falmouth. Since 2009, the line has run half-hourly trains in both directions between Truro railway station and Falmouth Docks railway station via the valley of the River Fal.

Falmouth Docks railway station
Falmouth Docks railway station is situated in Falmouth, Cornwall, England. It was opened in 1863 as the terminus of the Maritime Line from Truro, although since 1970 Falmouth Town has been the principal station for the town. Services are operated by Great Western Railway, who also manage the station.
Buddhaghosa
Buddhaghosa was a 5th-century Sinhalese Theravādin Buddhist commentator, translator, and philosopher. He worked in the great monastery (mahāvihāra) at Anurādhapura, Sri Lanka and saw himself as being part of the Vibhajyavāda school and in the lineage of the Sinhalese mahāvihāra.

His best-known work is the Visuddhimagga ("Path of Purification"), a comprehensive summary of older Sinhala commentaries on the scriptural canon of the Theravāda school. According to Sarah Shaw, in Theravāda Buddhism this systematic work is "the principal text on the subject of meditation." The interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have generally constituted the orthodox understanding of Theravādin scriptures since at least the 12th century CE.

Buddhaghosa is generally recognized by both Western scholars and Theravādin Buddhists as the most important philosopher and commentator of the Theravāda school.

Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya
The Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya was an important mahavihara or large Buddhist monastery for Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka. King Devanampiya Tissa of Anuradhapura (247–207 BCE) founded it in his capital city of Anuradhapura. Monks such as Buddhaghosa (4th to 5th century CE) and Dhammapala, who wrote commentaries on the Tipitaka and texts such as the Visuddhimagga, which are central to Theravada Buddhist doctrine, established Theravada Mahāvihāra of the Tambapaṇṇiya  (Pali; Sanskrit: Tāmraparṇīya or Tāmraśāṭīya) orthodoxy here. The monks residing at the Mahāvihāra came to be known as the Mahāvihāravāsins.

In the 5th century, the Mahāvihāra was likely the most advanced center of learning in southern or eastern Asia. It attracted numerous international scholars, who studied a wide range of disciplines under a highly structured system of instruction.