hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vespa soror
Vespa soror, also known as the southern giant hornet, is a species of hornet present in India, Northern Thailand, Laos, Northern Vietnam, and parts of South China, including Hong Kong, Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan Island.

V. soror is one of the largest hornets, though smaller than the Asian giant hornet (V. mandarinia). The body lengths of the workers range from 26–35 mm, and those of queens range from 39–46 mm. Their nests are typically subterranean and found in forested areas.

They are aggressive predators and have been observed to attack the nests of honeybees, wasps, and smaller hornet species. They also prey on mantids, dragonflies, butterflies, grasshoppers, and small vertebrates such as geckos.

Asian giant hornet
The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), also known as the northern giant hornet, and the Japanese giant hornet, is the world's largest hornet. It is native to temperate and tropical East Asia, South Asia, mainland Southeast Asia, and parts of the Russian Far East. It was also briefly found in the Pacific Northwest of North America from late 2019 but was eradicated by December 2024.

Asian giant hornets prefer to live in low mountains and forests, while almost completely avoiding plains and high-altitude climates. V. mandarinia creates nests by digging, co-opting pre-existing tunnels dug by rodents, or occupying spaces near rotten pine roots. It feeds primarily on larger insects, colonies of other eusocial insects, tree sap, and honey from honeybee colonies. The hornet has a body length of 45 mm (1+3⁄4 in), a wingspan around 75 mm (3 in), and a stinger 6 mm (1⁄4 in) long, which injects a large amount of potent venom.
Little Tokyo (wrestler)
Shigeru Akabane (赤羽 茂, Akabane Shigeru; July 5, 1941 – September 6, 2011), best known under his ring name Little Tokyo, was a Japanese professional midget wrestler who competed in North American promotions from the 1970s into the 1990s including appearances for American Wrestling Association (AWA), National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and the World Wrestling Federation, (WWF) most notably appearing at WrestleMania III in a mixed tag team match with Lord Littlebrook and King Kong Bundy against Hillbilly Jim, the Haiti Kid and Little Beaver in 1987. He held the NWA World Midget's Championship on three occasions

Hillbilly Jim
James Morris (born July 5, 1952) is an American retired professional wrestler and current radio host, better known by his ring name, Hillbilly Jim. He is best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1984 to 1991, and in the series Hillbilly Moments.
Duncan McArthur Funk
Duncan McArthur Funk (June 1, 1832 – December 17, 1911) was an American politician, banker, and rancher from Illinois. Born to Isaac Funk, patriarch of the Funk family, Funk left the family settlement to open a store in Bloomington, Illinois. Following his father's death, Funk tended to his share of his inherited property. Funk was president of the First National Bank of Bloomington and had financial interests in several others. He was elected to three consecutive terms in the Illinois House of Representatives.

Isaac Funk
Isaac Funk (November 17, 1797 – January 29, 1865) was an American rancher and politician, originally from Kentucky. In the 1820s, he founded Funks Grove, Illinois, in McLean County, Illinois, with his brother and became a prominent cattle trader. Funk was elected to one term in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1840. Despite several financial setbacks, Funk remained one of the wealthiest settlers in the area. He served in the Illinois Senate in the 1860s and died before his second term was complete. He was the patriarch of the Funk family and co-founded Illinois Wesleyan University.
Jakarta EE
Jakarta EE, formerly Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) and Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), is a set of specifications, extending Java SE with specifications for enterprise features such as distributed computing and web services. Jakarta EE applications are run on reference runtimes, which can be microservices or application servers, which handle transactions, security, scalability, concurrency and management of the components they are deploying.

Jakarta EE is defined by its specification. The specification defines APIs (application programming interface) and their interactions. As with other Java Community Process specifications, providers must meet certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Jakarta EE compliant.

Examples of contexts in which Jakarta EE referencing runtimes are used are: e-commerce, accounting, banking information systems.

Java Platform, Standard Edition
Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) is a computing platform, technical standard for execution of applications on independent Java-supported platforms as such  portable code for desktop and server environments. Java SE was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE).

The platform uses the Java programming language and is part of the Java software-platform family. Java SE defines a range of general-purpose APIs—such as Java APIs for the Java Class Library—and also includes the Java Language Specification and the Java Virtual Machine Specification.
OpenJDK is the official reference implementation since version 7.
Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.

Nomen gentilicium
The nomen gentilicium (Latin pronunciation: [ɡɛntiːˈlikiũ]; or simply nomen) was a hereditary name borne by the peoples of Roman Italy and later by the citizens of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. It was originally the name of one's gens (family or clan) by patrilineal descent. However, as Rome expanded its frontiers and non-Roman peoples were progressively granted citizenship and concomitant nomen, the latter lost its value in indicating patrilineal ancestry.

For men, the nomen was the middle of the tria nomina ("three names"), after the praenomen and before the cognomen. For women, the nomen was often the only name used until the late Republic. For example, three members of gens Julia were Gaius Julius Caesar and his sisters Julia Major and Julia Minor ("Julia the elder" and "Julia the younger").
NEXUS
NEXUS is a joint Canada Border Services Agency and U.S. Customs and Border Protection-operated Trusted Traveler and expedited border control program designed for pre-approved, low-risk travelers. Members of the program can avoid waits at border entry points by using reserved lanes at land crossings into Canada and the United States (including from Mexico), by using self-serve kiosks at airports in Canada, the US, and some international locations, or by phoning border officials for a marine entry. A NEXUS membership card is a valid document under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), so it can be used in place of a passport, including by air if flying between the US and Canada. However, carrying a valid passport is still recommended, in the rare event that a flight is diverted to an airport without NEXUS support.

United States Customs and Border Protection
United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is the country's primary border control organization, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, as well as enforcing U.S. regulations, including trade, customs, and immigration. The CBP is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. It has a workforce of more than 45,600 federal agents and officers. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Taramakau River
The Taramakau River is a river of the West Coast Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It rises in the Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana near Harper Pass, 80 kilometres (50 mi) due east of Hokitika, and runs westward for 75 kilometres (47 mi) into the Tasman Sea 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Greymouth.

The Taramakau River forms the administrative boundary between the Westland District to the south and the Grey District to the north.

Several small rivers are tributaries of the Taramakau. The largest of upper tributaries are the Otehake River and the Ōtira River. The valley of the Ōtira forms the western approach to Arthur's Pass. The Taipo River is a major tributary joining the Taramakau from the south, downstream of Inchbonnie.

Harper Pass
Harper Pass (elevation 962 metres or 3,156 feet), previously known as Hurunui Pass or sometimes Taramakau Pass, is an alpine pass between Canterbury and the West Coast in New Zealand. It was the most important crossing for Māori to obtain pounamu. The first European crossed the pass in 1857 and the leader of the second party later that year, Leonard Harper, gave the pass its current name. It was of some interest to the settlers as the West Coast was part of Canterbury Province and it remained the only feasible route for some years. When the West Coast gold rush started in 1864, it became a heavily used crossing and remained so until October 1865, when a dray road over Arthur's Pass opened. The Arthur's Pass route was upgraded in March 1866 to coach traffic standard, and the much less direct route over Harper Pass fell out of use. It was restored in the 1930s as a tramping route and the Harper Pass Track, a four or five-day tramp, is today part of Te Araroa over its entire length.
2010 K League Championship
The 2010 K League Championship was the 14th competition of the K League Championship, and was held to decide the 28th champions of the K League. The top six clubs of the regular season qualified for the championship. The winners of the regular season directly qualified for the final, and second place team qualified for the semi-final. The other four clubs entered the first round, and the winners of the second round advanced to the semi-final. Each match was played as a single match, excluding the final which consisted of two matches.

2010 K-League
The 2010 K League, officially known as Sonata K-League 2010, was the 28th season of the K League. It was sponsored by Hyundai Motor Company, and was held from 27 February to 5 December 2010.

The K League match-fixing scandal, the biggest incident in history of South Korean football, occurred in this season, and was revealed in 2011. 15 matches were fixed by 47 players, and they were banned for life from working in football.
Park Place Entertainment
Park Place Entertainment, later named Caesars Entertainment, Inc., was a casino company based in Paradise, Nevada. For a time it was the largest casino operator in the world. It was formed in 1998 as a corporate spin-off of the gaming division of Hilton Hotels, and renamed as Caesars Entertainment in 2003. The company was acquired in 2005 by Harrah's Entertainment, which later took on the Caesars Entertainment name.

Harrah's Entertainment
Harrah's Entertainment (later named Caesars Entertainment Corporation, previously The Promus Companies) was an American casino and hotel company founded in Reno, Nevada, and based in Paradise, Nevada, that operated over 50 properties and seven golf courses under several brands. In 2013, it was the fourth-largest gambling company in the world, with annual revenues of $8.6 billion. It was acquired in 2020 by Eldorado Resorts, which then changed its own name to Caesars Entertainment.

At the end of its existence, Caesars was a public company, majority owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management, TPG Capital, and Paulson & Co. and Carl Icahn. Caesars' largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2015, which led to the foundation of Vici Properties as a result.
Helen Duncan
Victoria Helen McCrae Duncan (née MacFarlane, 25 November 1897 – 6 December 1956) was a Scottish medium best known as the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735 (9 Geo. 2. c. 5) for fraudulent claims. She was famous for claiming to produce ectoplasm, which was proven to be made from cheesecloth.

Ectoplasm (paranormal)
In spiritualism, ectoplasm, also known as simply ecto, is a substance or spiritual energy "exteriorized" by physical mediums. It was coined in 1894 by psychical researcher Charles Richet. Although the term is widespread in popular culture, there is no scientific evidence that ectoplasm exists and many purported examples were exposed as hoaxes fashioned from cheesecloth, gauze or other natural substances.

The term comes from the Ancient Greek words ἐκτός ektos, "outside" and πλάσμα plasma, "something formed".
Microbial pathogenesis
Microbial pathogenesis is a field of microbiology that started at least as early as 1988, with the identification of the triune Falkow's criteria, aka molecular Koch's postulates. In 1996, Fredricks and Relman proposed a seven-point list of "Molecular Guidelines for Establishing Microbial Disease Causation," because of "the discovery of nucleic acids" by Watson and Crick "as the source of genetic information and as the basis for precise characterization of an organism." The subsequent development of the "ability to detect and manipulate these nucleic acid molecules in microorganisms has created a powerful means for identifying previously unknown microbial pathogens and for studying the host-parasite relationship."

Molecular Koch's postulates
Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen. Genes that satisfy molecular Koch's postulates are often referred to as virulence factors. The postulates were formulated by the microbiologist Stanley Falkow in 1988 and are based on Koch's postulates.
Algarrobo, Chile
Algarrobo (Spanish pronunciation: [alɣaˈroβo]) is a Chilean city and commune in San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region. Located on the country's central coast, it is a popular summer resort for the population of Santiago. It is an upscale community near El Quisco and Valparaíso. The San Alfonso del Mar resort, located north of the city, is home to the world's largest outdoor pool.

Islote Pájaros Niños is a nature sanctuary on a rocky islet close to the shore, which is home to colonies of Humboldt penguins, Peruvian pelicans, and Guanay cormorants.

El Quisco
El Quisco is a Chilean city and commune in San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region. Located in the country's central coast, it serves as a popular summer resort for the population of Santiago and forms part of the Coast of Poets, a cultural space named after four Chilean poets: Pablo Neruda, Vicente Huidobro, Violeta Parra and Nicanor Parra. El Quisco is home to La Casa de Isla Negra, the former house of Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, which is now a museum and Neruda's burial site.
Francis Drake's descent on Vigo
Drake's descent on Vigo was a military event that took place between September and October 1585 during the early part of the Anglo–Spanish War. Francis Drake leading an English expedition to raid the Spanish Main needed supplies and so hoped needed to make a descent on the Spanish mainland in order to achieve this. Drake arrived at the port town of Vigo, and was able negotiate with the governor Don Pedro Bermudez to get supplies rather use force. Drake was able to gather supplies from Vigo and Bayona for two weeks. From this Drake was able to carry on with his successful expedition to the Spanish Main.

Vigo
Vigo (Galician: [ˈbiɣʊ], locally [ˈbiħʊ]) is a city and municipality in Spain, in the autonomous community of Galicia in the province of Pontevedra, and the capital of the comarca of Vigo. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the Ria de Vigo, the southernmost of the Rías Baixas.

The municipality, with an area of 109.06 km2 (42.11 sq mi) and a population of 295,523 in 2024 including rural parishes, is the most populous municipality in Galicia, and the 14th-most-populous in Spain. The area of the municipality includes the Cíes Islands, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park.

Vigo is one of the region's primary economic agents, owing to the French Stellantis Vigo plant and to its port. Close to the Portugal–Spain border, Vigo is part of the Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion. The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo.
Zhongguo Yuwen (journal)
Zhongguo Yuwen (simplified Chinese: 中国语文; traditional Chinese: 中國語文; pinyin: Zhōngguó Yǔwén; lit. 'Chinese Language'), also called "Studies of the Chinese Language", is a bimonthly academic journal published by the Commercial Press in the People's Republic of China. It was founded in 1952 and is hosted by the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Zhongguo Yuwen is a top journal in linguistics in China.

Institute of Linguistics
The Institute of Linguistics (中国社会科学院语言研究所) is the language research institution of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It was established in June 1950 by the name of "Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences". In 1977, after the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, it was renamed the "Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences". This institute is the editor of the Xinhua Dictionary and the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary.
James Phelps (actor)
James Andrew Eric Phelps (born 25 February 1986) is an English actor and podcaster. He is known for playing Fred Weasley in the Harry Potter film series from 2001 to 2011, alongside his twin brother, Oliver Phelps, who played George Weasley. The twins have continued to work together as a duo on other projects.

Oliver Phelps (actor)
Oliver Martyn John Phelps (born 25 February 1986) is an English actor and podcaster. He is known for playing George Weasley in the Harry Potter film series from 2001 to 2011, alongside his twin brother, James Phelps, who played Fred Weasley. The twins have continued to work together as a duo on other projects.
David Herbert Donald
David Herbert Donald (October 1, 1920 – May 17, 2009) was an American historian, best known for his 1995 biography of Abraham Lincoln. He twice won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography, for books about Thomas Wolfe and Charles Sumner; he published more than 30 books on United States political and literary figures and the history of the American South.

Pulitzer Prize for Biography
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. The award honors "a distinguished and appropriately documented biography by an American author." Award winners receive US$15,000.

From 1917 to 2022, this prize was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was awarded to a distinguished biography, autobiography or memoir by an American author or co-authors, published during the preceding calendar year. It is one of the original Pulitzers. The program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year.
Wyoming Highway 161
Wyoming Highway 161 (WYO 161) is a 7.03-mile-long (11.31 km) Wyoming State Road located in eastern Goshen County and travels from an intersection with U.S. Route 85 (US 85) and WYO 152 near Yoder east to WYO 92 at Huntley.

Wyoming Highway 92
Wyoming Highway 92 (WYO 92) is a 16.47-mile-long (26.51 km) Wyoming state highway in eastern Goshen County that travels from Torrington to the Nebraska state line. It is part of a continuous 886-mile (1,426 km) four-state "Highway 92" which begins in Wyoming, goes through Nebraska and Iowa, and ends in La Moille, Illinois.
Gateway Communications
Gateway Communications, also known as Gateway Carrier Services was a telecommunication business division . It was acquired by PCCW Global, a division of HKT Limited in 2012. HKT Limited itself was a subsidiary of PCCW. Gateway Global Communications owns one of the largest pan-African telecommunications networks, supplying Africa's foremost mobile operators and ISPs.

Hong Kong Telecom
HKT Limited (Chinese: 香港電訊有限公司; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng dihnseun yáuhhaahngūngsī), also used to be known as Hong Kong Telecom (Chinese: 香港電訊; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng dihnseun), is one of the largest telecommunications companies in Hong Kong. It has a dominant position in fixed-line, mobile, IDD and broadband services in Hong Kong. HKT Group is a subsidiary of PCCW since 2000, after it was acquired from Cable & Wireless plc.

The company, along with HKT Trust (Chinese: 香港電訊信託), is a pair of listed corporations on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which the two corporations were bundled as one single stapled security.
Queets River
The Queets River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located on the Olympic Peninsula, mostly within the Olympic National Park and empties into the Pacific Ocean.

The Queets River is 52.8 miles (85.0 km) long. Its drainage basin is 204 square miles (530 km2) in area. Its main tributaries include the Clearwater River, Salmon River, Sams River, Matheny Creek, and Tshetshy Creek, as well as the Clearwater's main tributaries, the Snahapish River and Solleks River.

Clearwater River (Queets River tributary)
The Clearwater River is a river situated on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. It is the main tributary of the Queets River. The Clearwater River is 39 miles (63 km) long. Its drainage basin is 61.5 square miles (159 km2) in area. The Clearwater's main tributaries are the Snahapish River and the Solleks River.
Sakas in the Mahabharata
Sakas are described in Sanskrit sources as a Mleccha tribe grouped along with the Yavanas, Tusharas and Barbaras. There were a group of Sakas called Apa Sakas meaning water dwelling Sakas, probably living around some lake in central Asian steppes. Sakas took part in Kurukshetra War.

Tushara
The kingdom of Tushara, according to ancient Indian literature, such as the epic Mahabharata, was a land located beyond north-west India. In the Mahabharata, its inhabitants, known as the Tusharas, are depicted as mlechchas ("barbarians") and fierce warriors.

Modern scholars generally see Tushara as synonymous with the historical "Tukhara", also known as Tokhara or Tokharistan – another name for Bactria. This area was the stronghold of the Kushan Empire, which ruled North India between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE.