hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poisson's ratio
In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν (nu)) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading. The value of Poisson's ratio is the negative of the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. For small values of these changes, ν is the amount of transversal elongation divided by the amount of axial compression.

Most materials have Poisson's ratio values ranging between 0.0 and 0.5. For soft materials, such as rubber, where the bulk modulus is much higher than the shear modulus, Poisson's ratio is near 0.5. For open-cell polymer foams, Poisson's ratio is near zero, since the cells tend to collapse in compression. Many typical solids have Poisson's ratios in the range of 0.2 to 0.3.

The ratio is named after the French mathematician and physicist Siméon Poisson.

Lateral strain
In continuum mechanics, lateral strain, also known as transverse strain, is defined as the ratio of the change in diameter of a circular bar of a material to its diameter due to deformation in the longitudinal direction. It occurs when under the action of a longitudinal stress, a body will extend in the direction of the stress and contract in the transverse or lateral direction (in the case of tensile stress). When put under compression, the body will contract in the direction of the stress and extend in the transverse or lateral direction. It is a dimensionless quantity, as it is a ratio between two quantities of the same dimension.
Jack Talos
Zechariah Smith, (born June 17, 1991) better known by his ring names Jack Talos, Painful Paul, or Zech Smith is an American professional wrestler, former basketball player and actor, previously signed to WWE, NWA and Coastal Championship Wrestling. Smith has made appearances on WWE NXT, Impact Wrestling, and NWA Powerrr. He now wrestles for All Japan Pro Wrestling and Boca Raton Championship Wrestling.

Boca Raton Championship Wrestling
Boca Raton Championship Wrestling or simply known as BRCW is an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Boca Raton, Florida. The promotion was founded in May, 2022 by Matthew Maschler and Neil Glazier. On May 15, first live show of BRCW was broadcast, which aired two days later on YouTube. Since then, new episodes of BRCW programs have aired on YouTube. The name of promotion is derived from the geographic location it was founded in.
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, locally known as Polo Ground, is a football stadium in Shillong, in the Indian state of Meghalaya. It has most notably hosted the home matches of Shillong Lajong FC in the I-League. The stadium has a seating capacity of 15,100, following major renovations.

The stadium has recently been used by Indian Super League side Northeast United FC for some of their home matches during the 2024/25 season.

NorthEast United FC
NorthEast United Football Club is an Indian professional football club based in Guwahati, Assam that competes in the Indian Super League (ISL), the top flight of Indian football. The club was founded on 13 April 2014 during the inaugural season of Indian Super League. NorthEast United represents the 8 states of North East India, consisting of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura and Mizoram.
Chamblissburg, Virginia
Chamblissburg is an unincorporated community in southwestern Bedford County, Virginia, United States.  It lies along State Route 24, east of Stewartsville. It is part of the Lynchburg Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Virginia State Route 24
State Route 24 (SR 24) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 89.57 miles (144.15 km) from U.S. Route 221 (US 221) and SR 116 in Roanoke east to US 60 in Mt. Rush.  SR 24 connects Roanoke with several small communities in southern Bedford County and central Campbell County.  The state highway also runs concurrently with US 460 west of Appomattox and passes through Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, which is the site of Robert E. Lee's final stand and surrender in the American Civil War.
Julie Moran
Julie Moran (née Bryan, born January 10, 1962) is an American journalist, television host, and sportscaster. She was the first female solo host for Wide World of Sports following in the footsteps of first woman co-anchor Becky Dixon. She was the weekend anchor and co-host for Entertainment Tonight from 1994 to 2001, and hosted the Academy Awards pre-show in 2001.

Wide World of Sports (American TV program)
ABC's Wide World of Sports is an American sports anthology television program that aired on ABC from April 29, 1961 to June 21, 1997, primarily on Saturday afternoons. Hosted by Jim McKay, with a succession of co-hosts beginning in 1987, the title continued to be used for general sports programs on the network until 2006. In 2007, Wide World of Sports was named by Time on its list of the 100 best television programs of all time.

Weekend sports news updates on sister radio network ABC Sports Radio, operated by Cumulus Media Networks, continue to be branded under the similar title ABC's World of Sports. The program also lent its name to an athletic facility at Walt Disney World, the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex, which was originally known as Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex from its opening in 1997 (one year after The Walt Disney Company acquired ABC and an 80% stake in ESPN) until 2010.
William K. Wimsatt
William Kurtz Wimsatt Jr. (November 17, 1907 – December 17, 1975) was an American professor of English, literary theorist, and critic. Wimsatt is often associated with the concept of the intentional fallacy, which he developed with Monroe Beardsley in order to question the importance of an author's intentions for the creation of a work of art.

Authorial intent
In literary theory and aesthetics, authorial intent is an author's intent as it is encoded in their work. Authorial intentionalism is the hermeneutical view that an author's intentions should constrain the ways in which a text is properly interpreted. Opponents, who dispute its hermeneutical importance, have labelled this position the intentional fallacy and count it among the informal fallacies.

There are in fact two types of Intentionalism: Actual Intentionalism and Hypothetical Intentionalism. Actual Intentionalism is the standard intentionalist view that the meaning of a work is dependent on authorial intent. Hypothetical Intentionalism is a more recent view; it views the meaning of a work as being what an ideal reader would hypothesize the writer's intent to have been — for hypothetical intentionalism, it is ultimately the hypothesis of the reader, not the truth, that matters.
Mike Bailey (wrestler)
Émile Charles Baillargeon-Laberge (born July 16, 1990), better known by his ring name "Speedball" Mike Bailey, is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is one-half of JetSpeed with Kevin Knight. They are two-thirds of the current AEW World Trios Champions with "Hangman" Adam Page in their first reign as Jet Set Rodeo. He is also known for his tenure in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he is a former three-time TNA X Division Champion. He also previous performed in partner promotion New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).

He is a former two time IWS World Heavyweight Champion and a former two-time KO-D Tag Team Champion. Bailey was also the winner of Combat Zone Wrestling's 2015 Best of the Best, DDT Pro-Wrestling's 2016 DNA Grand Prix, Revolution Pro Wrestling's 2021 British J-Cup and Pro Wrestling Guerrilla's 2023 Battle of Los Angeles tournaments.

International Wrestling Syndicate
International Wrestling Syndicate (IWS) is a professional wrestling promotion based out of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Originating from the Dawson Wrestling Federation, it was formerly known as the Internet Wrestling Syndicate and World Wrestling Syndicate.

IWS is renowned as being one of the continent's longest-running promotions, and one of hardcore wrestling's staunchest standouts, while evolving into a proving ground for young talent from Quebec, Ontario and Atlantic Canada.
Catalan Central Depression
Pyrenees

Pre-Pyrenees

Catalan Central Depression

Mountain ranges of the Central Depression

Catalan Transversal Range

Catalan Pre-Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Depression and other coastal and pre-coastal plains

The Catalan Central Depression (Catalan: Depressió Central Catalana) is a natural depression between the Pre-Pyrenees and the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range in Spain. It widens towards the west, linking with the Ebro Depression, Catalan: Depressió de l'Ebre, of which it could be considered an eastern extension.  The Catalan Central Depression is about 180 km long with an average width of 50 km.

Catalan Coastal Depression
Pyrenees

Pre-Pyrenees

Catalan Central Depression

Smaller mountain ranges of the Central Depression

Catalan Transversal Range

Catalan Pre-Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Depression and other coastal and pre-coastal plains

The Catalan Coastal Depression (Catalan: Depressió Litoral Catalana) is a natural depression between the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range and the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Catalan Mediterranean System.
José Gregorio Castro
José Gregorio Castro Miranda, O.F.M. (born Facundo Castro Miranda, Cuzco, November 28, 1859 — Lima, January 30, 1924), was a Roman Catholic prelate who was Bishop of Cuzco from 1910 to 1917. He mainly worked to integrate the local indigenous population to the church's teachings by translating prayers and church music to Quechua.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco
13°30′59″S 71°58′41″W﻿ / ﻿13.516276°S 71.977926°W﻿ / -13.516276; -71.977926

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco (Latin: Cuschen(sis)) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese with see in the city and old Inca imperial capital of Cusco, in Peru.

Its Cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin. It also has a Marian Minor basilica: Basílica Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes.
Alcorn State University
Alcorn State University (Alcorn State, ASU or Alcorn) is a public historically black land-grant research university adjacent to Lorman, Mississippi. It was founded in 1871 and was the first black land grant college established in the United States.  The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alcorn State's athletic teams are known as the Braves and compete in the NCAA's Division I. All teams compete as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).

Lorman, Mississippi
Lorman is an unincorporated community located in Jefferson County, Mississippi, United States. Lorman is approximately 8 miles (13 km) north of Fayette, near Highway 61 on Mississippi Highway 552.

Lorman is the nearest community to Alcorn State University, in Claiborne County, the alma mater of former NFL quarterback Steve McNair. Its ZIP code is 39096.
EMD GM10B
The GM10B was a solitary electric testbed locomotive with a power output of 10,000 hp (7.46 MW) which was intended for use on high-speed freight services on the Northeast Corridor. Built by American locomotive builder Electro-Motive Division (EMD) at its La Grange, Illinois, plant in collaboration with ASEA of Sweden.  It entered service with Penn Central in August 1976 and featured a B-B-B wheel arrangement, a first for the North American  market, while having a high proportion of Swedish built components and design features created by ASEA.

EMD GM6C
The GM6C was a solitary testbed electric locomotive for freight duties built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division of the United States in collaboration with ASEA of Sweden. It was rolled out from EMD's La Grange, Illinois plant on May 1, 1975. Equipped with close to standard C-C HTC trucks and traction motors, it was designed for lower-speed drag freight service.
Petrolingual ligament
The petrolingual ligament lies at the posteroinferior aspect of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and marks the point at which the internal carotid artery enters the cavernous sinus.

Anatomically, the petrolingual ligament demarcates two of the segments of the internal carotid artery:

The petrolingual ligament marks the end of the petrous section of the internal carotid artery.

The cavernous section of the internal carotid artery begins at the superior aspect of the petrolingual ligament.

For surgeons and radiologists, it is important to be oriented to the location of this ligament in cases of possible dissection of the internal carotid artery, as it helps determine whether the dissection has occurred inside or outside the cavernous sinus.

Internal carotid artery
The internal carotid artery is an artery in the neck which supplies the anterior and middle cerebral circulation.

In human anatomy, the internal and external carotid arise from the common carotid artery, where it bifurcates at cervical vertebrae C3 or C4. The internal carotid artery supplies the brain, including the eyes, while the external carotid nourishes other portions of the head, such as the face, scalp, skull, and meninges.
W. Roger Webb
William Roger Webb is an American politician who is the former president of the University of Central Oklahoma, in Edmond, Oklahoma, until 2011. Webb also was the president and the chairman of the board of directors of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities.

University of Central Oklahoma
The University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) is a public university in Edmond, Oklahoma, United States. It is Oklahoma's third-largest university, with almost 13,000 students and about 430 full-time and 400 adjunct faculty. Founded in 1890, UCO was one of the first institutions of higher learning to be established in what became the state of Oklahoma, making it one of the oldest universities in the southwest U.S. It is home to the American branch of the British Academy of Contemporary Music in downtown Oklahoma City.
Marie-Claude Beaud
Marie-Claude Beaud (22 February 1946 – 29 December 2024) was a French exhibition curator and director of art institutions. During her long career, she has held executive positions at Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain (Paris), Les Arts décoratifs (Paris), MUDAM (Luxembourg), and the New National Museum (Monaco). She was the recipient of several decorations.

New National Museum of Monaco
The New National Museum of Monaco (NMNM), formerly Musée National de Monaco (French: Nouveau Musée National de Monaco (NMNM), Musée National de Monaco), is a museum of contemporary visual art in Monaco. It is situated in two locations, the Villa Sauber and the Villa Paloma. The museum began organizing temporary exhibitions at Villa Paloma in 2010. The venues display two exhibitions annually.

Exhibitions at the museum have included retrospectives of Erik Bulatov and Yinka Shonibare; "Monacopolis" – depictions of architecture, town planning and urbanisation in Monaco; "Artifices instables – stories of ceramics", from September 2020 through January 2021; and, in 2022, "Newton, Riviera", a photo exhibition in homage to Helmut Newton was followed by an installation to spotlight artist and designer Christian Bérard.

NMNM holds an extensive collection of works relating to painter Kees van Dongen.
Firangi Bahu
Firangi Bahu (transl. Foreign daughter-in-law) is a drama TV series on Sahara One. It is a story that revolves around a mother-in-law and her daughter-in-law. Indira Krishna plays the role of the mother-in-law and Dutch actress Sippora Zoutewelle plays the daughter-in-law in the serial.

Indira Krishnan
Indira Krishnan (born 1 March 1971) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi films and television shows. She is best known for her appearances in the television series Krishnaben Khakhrawala (2010) as Krishna Ravi Patel,  Krishnadasi (2016) as Kumudini, with significant appearances in Manzilein Apani Apani (2001), Kabhi Aaye Na Judaai (2003), Tum Bin Jaaoon Kahaan (2003), Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii (2005), Waaris (2008), Rahe Tera Aashirwaad (2008), Rehna Hai Teri Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein (2009), Afsar Bitiya (2011), Tum Aise Hi Rehna (2014), Firangi Bahu (2014), Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal? (2017), Yeh Hai Chahatein (2019), and Saavi Ki Savaari (2022).
Nabua
Nabua, officially the Municipality of Nabua (Rinconada Bikol: Banwāan ka Nabua; Tagalog: Bayan ng Nabua), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 86,458 people.

The town is recognized as the birthplace of modern kuntaw and jota rojana. The municipality is also known for its large coconut plantations, which support its local agriculture and economy. It is recognized as the mother town of Iriga City, Buhi, Bato, Balatan, Bula, and Baao.

Baao
Baao, officially the Municipality of Baao (Rinconada Bikol: Banwāan ka Baao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Baao) is  municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 61,357 people.
Thermobaric weapon
A thermobaric weapon, also called an aerosol bomb, or a vacuum bomb, is a type of explosive munition that works by dispersing an aerosol cloud of gas, liquid or powdered explosive. This allows the chemical combustion to proceed using atmospheric oxygen, so that the weapon does not need to include an oxidizer.

The fuel is usually a single compound, rather than a mixture of multiple substances. Many types of thermobaric weapons can be fitted to hand-held launchers, and can also be launched from airplanes.

Dust explosion
A dust explosion is the rapid combustion of fine particles suspended in the air within an enclosed location. Dust explosions can occur where any dispersed powdered combustible material is present in high-enough concentrations in the atmosphere or other oxidizing gaseous medium, such as pure oxygen. In cases when fuel plays the role of a combustible material, the explosion is known as a fuel-air explosion.

Dust explosions are a frequent hazard in coal mines, grain elevators and silos, and other industrial environments. They are also commonly used by special effects artists, filmmakers, and pyrotechnicians, given their spectacular appearance and ability to be safely contained under certain carefully controlled conditions.

Thermobaric weapons exploit this principle by rapidly saturating an area with an easily combustible material and then igniting it to produce explosive force. These weapons are the most powerful non-nuclear explosives in existence.
DOST Hybrid Electric Road Train
The Hybrid Electric Road Train (HERT) is a hybrid trackless train developed by the Department of Science and Technology of the Philippines for public transport. The headquarter office is located at New Clark City under the town of Capas, Tarlac, Philippines.

Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Agham at Teknolohiya) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for coordinating science and technology-related projects and for formulating policies and programs in these fields to support national development.
Shamrock Rovers Ladies F.C.
Shamrock Rovers Football Club is an Irish association football club based in Tallaght, South Dublin.

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, Shamrock Rovers were one of the most successful teams in the Republic of Ireland, winning both the Dublin Women's Soccer League and the FAI Women's Cup five times in a row. In 2002–03 Shamrock Rovers became the first women's team to represent the Republic of Ireland in Europe, and in 2011–12 they were founder members of the Women's National League. In November 2022, it was confirmed that Shamrock Rovers would be re-entering the Women's National League for the 2023 season after a nine-year hiatus.

Dublin Women's Soccer League
The Dublin Women's Soccer League was a women's association football league featuring teams from the Republic of Ireland. While the majority of the participating clubs were based in the Greater Dublin Area, the DWSL had regularly included teams from outside this area. Whilst previously the DWSL was one of the largest women's leagues in Ireland it had been overtaken by the Wexford, MGL and Cork Leagues. In late 2019, the FAI following discussions revamped Women's Football in the Greater Dublin area and the Eastern Women's Football League (EWFL) chaired by the MGL's Tony Gains were granted the only license to run women's adult football in the Dublin area. The EWFL is run by committees of the MGL and the former DWSL.

In addition to the Premier Division, there was also a Major Division and seven intermediate divisions. The DWSL operates in summer, with games played from May until September.
Macon County, North Carolina
Macon County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,014. Its county seat is Franklin.

The Nantahala River runs through Macon County, flowing into the Little Tennessee River in Swain County. The Nantahala is one of the most popular whitewater rafting destinations in the nation.

Franklin, North Carolina
Franklin is a town in and the county seat of Macon County, North Carolina, United States. It is situated within the Nantahala National Forest. The population was reported to be 4,175 in the 2020 census, an increase from the total of 3,845 tabulated in 2010.

The town developed around a 1,000-year-old platform mound, the center of the historic Cherokee town of Nikwasi.

Franklin is a popular destination for hikers and outdoor enthusiasts, specifically in relation to the Nantahala National Forest, the Great Smoky Mountains, and the Appalachian Trail. The town and the surrounding area is rich in gems and minerals, and is known locally as the "Gem Capital of The World."
Samuel C. Bradford
Samuel Clement Bradford (10 January 1878 in London – 13 November 1948) was a British mathematician, librarian and documentalist at the Science Museum in London. He developed "Bradford's law" (or the "law of scattering") regarding differences in demand for scientific journals. This work influences bibliometrics and citation analysis of scientific publications. Bradford founded the British Society for International Bibliography (BSIB) (est. 1927) and he was elected president of International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) in 1945. Bradford was a strong proponent of Universal Decimal Classification and of establishing abstracts of the scientific literature.

He became head of the Science Library in 1925 and became Keeper of the Science Library in 1930. He was succeeded in this role by Ernest Lancaster-Jones in 1935.

Science Museum, London
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually in 2019.

Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission, although visitors are requested to make a donation if they are able. Temporary exhibitions may incur an admission fee.

It is one of the five museums in the Science Museum Group.
Al-Najaf SC
Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Sports Club (Arabic: نادي النجف الأشرف الرياضي), commonly known as Al-Najaf SC, is an Iraqi professional football club based in Najaf. They are members of the Iraq Stars League. Al-Najaf has competed in the 2007 AFC Champions League.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.