hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khalid Masud
Allama Khalid Masud (16 December 1935 – 1 October 2003) was a Muslim scholar of Pakistan. He spent the major part of his life with Maulana Amin Ahsan Islahi. He conveyed the ideas and thoughts of his teacher and Imam Farahi to the general public. He wrote a number of books and articles and delivered lectures on Islam, science, and other subjects.

By profession, he was a chemical engineer, but he spent his life serving Farahi's school of thought. He worked as the in charge of Idara Taddabur e Qur'an o Hadith.

Amin Ahsan Islahi
Amin Ahsan Islahi (Urdu: مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی; 1904 – 15 December 1997), was a Pakistani Islamic scholar best known for his Urdu exegesis of the Quran, Tadabbur-i-Quran ("Pondering on the Quran"), which he based on Hamiduddin Farahi's (1863 – 1930), idea of thematic and structural coherence in the Qur'an.
Moritz Geiger
Moritz Geiger (26 June 1880 – 9 September 1937) was a German philosopher and a disciple of Edmund Husserl. He was a member of the Munich phenomenological school. Beside phenomenology, he dedicated himself to psychology, epistemology and aesthetics.

Munich phenomenology
Munich phenomenology (also the Munich phenomenological school) is the philosophical orientation of a group of philosophers and psychologists that studied and worked in Munich at the turn of the twentieth century. Their views are grouped under the names realist (also realistic) phenomenology or phenomenology of essences.  Munich phenomenology represents one branch of what is referred to as the early phenomenology. One of their contributions was the theory that there are different kinds of intentionality.
KSE 100 Index
The KSE-100 Index is a total return stock index acting as a benchmark to compare prices on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) over a period.

In determining representative companies to compute the index on, companies with the highest market capitalization are selected. However, to ensure full market representation, the company with the highest market capitalization from each sector is also included.

KMI 30 Index
KMI 30 Index is a stock market index on the Pakistan Stock Exchange in Pakistan of thirty companies that have been screened for Islamic Shariah criteria. The index was introduced on 2 September 2008, and the base period for this Islamic index is 30 June 2008. It was created as a joint effort by the Karachi Stock Exchange (now known as Pakistan Stock Exchange) and Al-Meezan Investment Bank (now known as Meezan Bank Limited).

The index is calculated using free float market capitalization. At any point in time, the level of the index reflects the free float market value of selected Shariah-compliant shares in comparison with the base period. KMI-30 is recomposed semi-annually.
Pericardial fluid
Pericardial fluid is the serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer. This serous layer has two membranes which enclose the pericardial cavity into which is secreted the pericardial fluid. The fluid is similar to the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain which also serves to cushion and allow some movement of the organ.

Pericardium
The pericardium (pl. pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.  It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong inelastic connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of serous membrane (serous pericardium). It encloses the pericardial cavity, which contains pericardial fluid, and defines the middle mediastinum.  It separates the heart from interference of other structures, protects it against infection and blunt trauma, and lubricates the heart's movements.
Association of Drainage Authorities
The Association of Drainage Authorities (ADA) is a membership body for internal drainage boards and other stakeholders in water level management in the United Kingdom.

ADA obtains and disseminates information on matters of importance and interest to members, and provides assistance on technical and administrative problems. It organises exhibitions and demonstrations, maintains a website and publishes the quarterly ADA Gazette. A new national flood risk management assets database system will greatly facilitate data transfer.

Internal drainage board
An internal drainage board (IDB) is a type of operating authority which is established in areas of special drainage need in England and Wales with permissive powers to undertake work to secure clean water drainage and water level management within drainage districts. The area of an IDB is not determined by county or metropolitan council boundaries, but by water catchment areas within a given region. IDBs are geographically concentrated in the Broads, Fens in East Anglia and Lincolnshire, Somerset Levels and Yorkshire.

In comparison with public bodies in other countries, IDBs are most similar to the Waterschappen of the Netherlands, Consorzi di bonifica e irrigazione of Italy, wateringen of Flanders and Northern France, Watershed Districts of Minnesota, United States and Marsh Bodies of Nova Scotia, Canada.
Eriphyle
Eriphyle (/ɛrɪˈfaɪliː/; Ancient Greek: Ἐριφύλη, romanized: Eriphúlē) was a figure in Greek mythology who, in exchange for the Necklace of Harmonia (also called the Necklace of Eriphyle) given to her by Polynices, persuaded her husband Amphiaraus to join the doomed expedition of the Seven against Thebes. She was then slain by her son Alcmaeon.

Alcmaeon (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Alcmaeon (/ˌælkˈmiːən/; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκμαίων Alkmaíōn), as one of the Epigoni, was the leader of the Argives who attacked Thebes, taking the city in retaliation for the deaths of their fathers, the Seven against Thebes, who died while attempting the same thing.
Spasticity
Spasticity  (from Greek  spasmos- 'drawing, pulling') is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles.

Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory.

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent.

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
György Bognár
György Bognár (born 5 November 1961) is a Hungarian professional football manager and former player, who is currently the manager of Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Paks. He is considered as one of the most successful active football managers having won the Magyar Kupa in two consecutive years with Paks beating Ferencvárosi TC.

Paksi FC
Paksi FC (Paks; Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpɒkʃ]) is a Hungarian professional football club based in Paks. Since its founding in 1952, it has played at either a county or national level. In 2006, it ascended to the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, the top division in Hungarian football, for the first time.  It plays its home games at Fehérvári úti Stadion. The team colors are green and white. In the 2010–11 Hungarian Division, the team finished second and qualified for the Europa League 2011–12 season. The club is known for its policy of signing only Hungarian players.
Shri Guru Ravidas Janam Asthan
Shri Guru Ravidas Janam Asthan is a temple located in Sir Gobardhan, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built to mark the birthplace of Ravidas, and it is an important cultural and religious site for Dalits, Ravidasis, Ad-Dharmis, and Ramdasia Sikhs. Millions of devotees gather there for Ravidas's birthday each year.

Ravidas
Ravidas or Raidas was an Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th to 16th century CE. Venerated as a guru (spiritual teacher) in the modern regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana, he was a poet, social reformer and spiritual figure.

The life details of Ravidas are uncertain and contested. Some scholars believe he was born in 1433 CE.  He taught removal of social divisions of caste and gender, and promoted unity in the pursuit of personal spiritual freedom.

Ravidas's devotional verses were included in the Sikh scriptures known as Guru Granth Sahib. The Panch Vani text of the Dadu Panthi tradition within Hinduism also includes numerous poems of Ravidas. He is also the central figure within the Ravidassia religious movement.

Mainstream Sikhs consider him to be a bhagat whilst break-away Ravidassias consider him to be a guru.
National Association of Colored Women's Clubs
The National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) is an American organization that was formed in July 1896 at the First Annual Convention of the National Federation of Afro-American Women in Washington, D.C., United States, by a merger of the National Federation of Afro-American Women, the Woman's Era Club of Boston, and the Colored Women's League of Washington, DC, at the call of Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin. From 1896 to 1904 it was known as the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). It adopted the motto "Lifting as we climb", to demonstrate to "an ignorant and suspicious world that our aims and interests are identical with those of all good aspiring women." When incorporated in 1904, NACW became known as the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC).

Woman's Era Club
The Woman's Era Club was an African-American women's civic organization founded in Boston, Massachusetts, in between 1892 and 1894 by Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin. The club was the first black women's club in Boston. The organization was especially well known for the conflict caused when Ruffin attempted to desegregate the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC) in 1900.
Apthamitra
Apthamitra (transl. Close friend) is a 2004 Indian Kannada-language psychological horror film written and directed by P. Vasu and produced by Dwarakish. The film stars  Vishnuvardhan, Soundarya and Ramesh in the lead roles, while Prema,  Avinash and Dwarakish appear in supporting roles. It marks posthumous film for Soundarya in Kannada, released after her death on 17 April 2004.
The film was released on 27 August 2004. It is a remake of Malayalam film Manichithrathazhu with some plot changes.

Apthamitra ran for 365 days in theaters across Karnataka and was the highest ever grossing Kannada movie at that time and was an industry hit. The plot changes from the original film were retained in the Tamil film Chandramukhi (2005).  The film was later followed by a sequel titled Aptharakshaka (2010).

P. Vasu
Vasudevan Peethambaram (born 15 September 1954), known professionally as P. Vasu, is an Indian film director, screenwriter and actor who works predominantly in Tamil and Kannada films, apart from a few Telugu, Hindi, and Malayalam language films. In a career spanning three decades, Vasu has directed over 65 films to his credit.
Somerset Rebels
The Somerset Rebels were a British speedway team based in Highbridge, Somerset. Founded in 2000, the club competed in the British SGB Championship until 2019. Their home track was located at the Oak Tree Arena.

Oaktree Arena
The Oaktree Arena was a speedway racing track located near Highbridge, Somerset, England. It is 300 metres (330 yd) in length, with banking around the edge for spectators and is built alongside the M5 motorway. There is also a restaurant used for weddings and events. It is also used for property auctions, car boot sales, a golf driving range and a boxing gym.
3099 Hergenrother
3099 Hergenrother, provisional designation 1940 GF, is an asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 April 1940, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and named after American astronomer Carl Hergenrother in 1996.

Carl W. Hergenrother
Carl William Hergenrother (born 1973) is an American astronomer and discoverer of minor planets and comets.

Hergenrother has 2 children, 8109 Danielwilliam, and 8711 Lukeasher, are named after his children. 7959 Alysecherri, is named after his wife, Alyse.

As credited by the Minor Planet Center, he has discovered and co-discovered 32 numbered asteroids at the Bigelow Sky Survey during 1993–1999. He has also discovered a number of comets including the long-period comet, C/1996 R1 (Hergenrother-Spahr), and three periodic comets, 168P/Hergenrother, 175P/Hergenrother and P/1999 V1 (Catalina). He was also a member of the science and operations team of the 2016-launched OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, a sample return mission to study near-Earth asteroid 101955 Bennu.

The outer main-belt asteroid 3099 Hergenrother was named in his honor on 3 May 1996 (M.P.C. 27124).
Walnut Springs Independent School District
Walnut Springs Independent School District is a public school district based in Walnut Springs, Texas, United States.
Located in Bosque County, the district extends into a small portion of Somervell County. Walnut Springs ISD has one school that serves students in  prekindergarten through grade 12.

Walnut Springs High School
Walnut Springs High School, also known as Walnut Springs School, is a public high school located in Walnut Springs, Texas. It is the sole high school in the Walnut Springs Independent School District and is classified as a 2A school by the University Interscholastic League. During 2022‍–‍2023, Walnut Springs School had an enrollment of 171 students and a student to teacher ratio of 9.60. The school received an overall rating of "F" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024‍–‍2025 school year
Tennessee Temple University
Tennessee Temple University was a private Christian university in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. Temple Baptist Seminary was the university's graduate school of Christian theology, also operating in Chattanooga. The university merged with Piedmont International University in 2015.

Carolina University
Carolina University (CU), formerly Piedmont International University (PIU), is a private Christian university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Carolina University offers both residential and online programs including dual enrollment, undergraduate, and graduate degrees. It is accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS) and is a member of the American Association of Christian Schools (AACS).
Application-level gateway
An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application-layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a mobile network. It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support address and port translation for certain application layer "control/data" protocols such as FTP, BitTorrent, SIP, RTSP, file transfer in IM applications. In order for these protocols to work through NAT or a firewall, either the application has to know about an address/port number combination that allows incoming packets, or the NAT has to monitor the control traffic and open up port mappings (firewall pinholes) dynamically as required. Legitimate application data can thus be passed through the security checks of the firewall or NAT that would have otherwise restricted the traffic for not meeting its limited filter criteria.

Network address translation
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.  The technique was initially used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream Internet service provider was replaced but could not route the network's address space. It is a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can be used for an entire private network.

As network address translation modifies the IP address information in packets, NAT implementations may vary in their specific behavior in various addressing cases and their effect on network traffic. Vendors of equipment containing NAT implementations do not commonly document the specifics of NAT behavior.
San Felice del Molise
San Felice del Molise (Slavomolisano: Filić or Štifilić) is a small town and comune in the province of Campobasso in the Molise region of Italy, near the Trigno river.

Like Acquaviva Collecroce and Montemitro, San Felice del Molise is home to a community of Molisian Croats, most of whom speak the Slavomolisano dialect as well as Italian and Molisan.

Main sights include the Norman Chapel of S. Felice and the church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli.

Slavomolisano
Slavomolisano, also known as Molise Slavic or Molise Croatian (Croatian: moliški hrvatski; Italian: croato molisano), is a variety of Shtokavian Croatian spoken by Italian Croats in three villages – Montemitro (Mundimitar), Acquaviva Collecroce (Živavoda Kruč) and San Felice del Molise (Štifilić) – in the province of Campobasso, in the Molise Region of southern Italy. There are fewer than 1,000 active speakers, and fewer than 2,000 passive speakers.

It has been preserved since a group of Croats emigrated from Dalmatia due to the advancing Ottoman Turks. The residents of these villages speak a Shtokavian Younger Ikavian dialect with a strong Southern Chakavian adstratum. The Molise Croats consider themselves to be Slavic Italians, with South Slavic heritage and who speak a Slavic language, rather than simply ethnic Slavs or Croats. Some speakers call themselves Zlavi or Harvati and call their language simply na našo ("our language").
Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough
Dagmar Rosita Astrid Libertas, Duchess of Marlborough (née Douglas, sometimes Spencer-Churchill; born 26 September 1943), is a British artist of Swedish and German descent. She was the third wife of John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, from 1972 until their divorce in 2008.

John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough
John George Vanderbilt Henry Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, JP, DL (13 April 1926 – 16 October 2014) was a British peer. He was the elder son of the 10th Duke of Marlborough and his wife, the Hon. Alexandra Mary Hilda Cadogan. He was known as "Sunny" after his courtesy title of Earl of Sunderland.

His principal seat was Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire. He was ranked 224th in the Sunday Times Rich List 2004, with an estimated wealth of £185 million.
Radcliffe-on-Trent Golf Club
52°56′35″N 1°01′19″W﻿ / ﻿52.943°N 1.022°W﻿ / 52.943; -1.022

Radcliffe-on-Trent Golf Club is a golf course in Radcliffe-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England, notable as the course where the McGregor Trophy (English U16 boys championship) was inaugurated by Roy Case in 1982.

Radcliffe-on-Trent
Radcliffe-on-Trent is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the Census 2011 was 8,205, falling slightly at the Census 2021 to 8,144
Wheler baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Wheler, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2008.

The Wheler Baronetcy, of the City of Westminster in the County of London, was created in the Baronetage of England on 11 August 1660 (1660-08-11) for William Wheler, Member of Parliament for Westbury and Queenborough, with remainder to his cousin Charles Wheler.

The Wheler Baronetcy, of Otterden in the County of Kent, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 29 June 1925 (1925-06-29) for Granville Charles Hastings Wheler, Member of Parliament for Faversham. The title became extinct on his death two years later (1927 (1927).

William Wheler
Sir William Wheler, 1st Baronet (ca. 1611 – 6 August 1666) of the city of Westminster, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1660. He was knighted by the Lord Protector in 1657 and was made a baronet by King Charles II in 1660.
Northern State (Sudan)
Northern State (Arabic: الولاية الشمالية Aš Šamāliya) is one of the 18 wilayat (states) of Sudan. It has an area of 348,765 km2 and an estimated population of 936,255. Northern Sudan was known in ancient times as Nubia. Jebel Uweinat is a mountain range in the area of the Egyptian-Libyan-Sudanese border. The state has been part of historical Sudanese kingdoms and countries such as the Mahdist State and the Kingdom of Kush. The state is bordering Egypt to the North, River Nile State to the east, Khartoum State to the southeast, North Kordofan to the south, and North Darfur and Libya to the west. The disputed Wadi Halfa Salient is located on the border of the state and Egypt.

North Darfur
North Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية شمال دارفور Wilāyat Šamāl Dārfūr; Shamal Darfor) is one of the wilayat or states of Sudan. It is one of the five states composing the Darfur region.  It has an area of 296,420 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,304,950 in 2018. Al-Fashir is the capital of the state.  Other significant towns include Ailliet, Kebkabiya, Kutum, Mellit (Malit), Tawila, Saraf Omra and Umm Keddada (Umm Kadadah).
1931 Birmingham tornado
In the evening hours of June 14, 1931, a deadly F3 tornado moved through the southern and eastern suburbs of Birmingham, England, killing 1 person and injuring 10 others. The tornado caused significant damage along a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) path.

2005 Birmingham tornado
The 2005 Birmingham tornado was an IF3 tornado which occurred on the afternoon of 28 July 2005, causing significant damage to the southern and eastern suburbs of Birmingham, and becoming the costliest tornado ever recorded in Great Britain. Several organisations have rated the tornado with varying degrees of intensity, most recently, the ESSL rated the tornado IF3 on the International Fujita scale.
Alexander Yui
Alexander Yui Tah-ray (Chinese: 俞大㵢; Wade–Giles: Yu2 Ta4-lei2) is a Taiwanese diplomat currently serving as Taiwan's representative to the United States, succeeding Hsiao Bi-khim. A career diplomat, he previously served as the Taiwanese ambassador to Paraguay from 2015 to 2018, vice minister of foreign affairs from 2021 to 2023, and briefly the representative to the European Union and Belgium.

Hsiao Bi-khim
Hsiao Bi-khim (born Bi-khim Louise Hsiao; 7 August 1971) is a Taiwanese politician and diplomat who has served as Vice President of the Republic of China since 2024, serving under President Lai Ching-te. She was the Taiwanese representative to the United States from 2020 to 2023, and formerly served as a legislator of the Legislative Yuan from 2002 to 2008 and again between 2012 and 2020.

Hsiao was born in Kōbe, Japan. She was raised in Tainan, Taiwan, before moving to the United States, where she graduated from Oberlin College and earned a master's degree in political science from Columbia University. A member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), she is an important figure in the party's foreign policy circles. She formerly served as a vice president of Liberal International.