hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Douglas of Pittendreich
George Douglas of Pittendreich (died 1552) was a member of the powerful Red Douglas family who struggled for control of the young James V of Scotland in 1528. His second son became James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton and Regent of Scotland. Initially, George Douglas promoted the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Prince Edward of England. After war was declared between England and Scotland he worked for peace and to increase the power of Mary of Guise, the widow of James V.

James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Châtellerault, 2nd Earl of Arran (c. 1519 – 22 January 1575), was a Scottish nobleman and Regent of Scotland during the minority of Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1543 to 1554. At first pro-English and Protestant, he converted to Catholicism in 1543 and supported a pro-French policy. He reluctantly agreed to Mary's marriage to Francis, eldest son of King Henry II (Henri II)of France, and was rewarded by Henry by being made Duke of Châtellerault in 1549. During the Scottish Reformation, he joined the Protestant Lords of the Congregation to oppose the regency of Mary of Guise.
Qiangic languages
Qiangic (Chʻiang, Kyang, Tsiang, Chinese: 羌語支, "Qiang language group"; also Rmaic, formerly known as Dzorgaic) is a group of related languages within the Sino-Tibetan language family. They are spoken mainly in Southwest China, including Sichuan and northern Yunnan. Most Qiangic languages are distributed in the prefectures of Ngawa, Garzê, Ya'an and Liangshan in Sichuan with some in Northern Yunnan as well.

Qiangic speakers are variously classified as part of the Qiang, Tibetan, Pumi, Nakhi, and Mongol ethnic groups by the People's Republic of China.

The extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia is classified as Qiangic by some linguists, including Matisoff (2004) and Guillaume Jacques. The undeciphered Nam language of China may possibly be related to Qiangic.

Lamo, Larong and Drag-yab, or the Chamdo languages, a group of three closely related Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Chamdo, Eastern Tibet, may or may not be Qiangic.

Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
30°02′58″N 101°57′44″E﻿ / ﻿30.0495°N 101.9623°E﻿ / 30.0495; 101.9623

Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, often shortened to Ganzi Prefecture, is an autonomous prefecture in the western arm of Sichuan province, China bordering Yunnan to the south, the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west, and Gansu to the north and northwest.

The prefecture's area is 151,078 square kilometres (58,332 sq mi). The population is approximately 880,000, with Tibetans accounting for 77.8% of the total population.  The capital city of Garzê is Kangding (Dartsedo).
Roland Møller
Roland Møller (Danish: [ˈʁoˀˌlænˀ ˈmølˀɐ]; born 28 May 1972) is a Danish actor. He won the Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Land of Mine (2015), and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Nordvest (2013). He has appeared in high-profile films like A Hijacking, Darkland, Atomic Blonde, Papillon, and Skyscraper.

Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
The Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Danish: Bodilprisen for bedste mandlige birolle) is one of the merit categories presented by the Danish Film Critics Association at the annual Bodil Awards. Created in 1948, it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe, and it honours the best performance by an actor in a supporting role in a Danish produced film. The jury can decide not to hand out the award, which happened numerous times between 1950 and 1985. Since 1986 it has been awarded every year.
Millender Center
The Millender Center is a mixed-use building complex in downtown Detroit, Michigan. The complex spans two city blocks, containing a retail atrium, Detroit People Mover station, and parking garage on its first seven floors, plus the 33-floor Renaissance City Club Apartments and a 20-floor, 265-room Courtyard by Marriott hotel. Developed by Forest City Enterprises and completed in 1985, the Millender Center is now mostly owned by Bedrock Detroit.

Millender Center station
Millender Center station is a Detroit People Mover station in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is located inside of the Millender Center, on the building's fifth floor, with elevators and escalators inside the building connecting the station to street level.

Millender Center is the nearest People Mover station to the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center, Mariners' Church, the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, the Wayne County Building, and Cadillac Square. A skybridge connects the Millender Center to an employees-only entrance to the Municipal Center; public access is only available from the street. A second skybridge connects to the Renaissance Center, which also has its own People Mover station.
Wailing Well
"Wailing Well" is a ghost story by the English writer M. R. James, written in 1927 and first published in 1928 as a standalone volume with a limited print run. In 1931, it was collected in James' book The Collected Ghost Stories of M. R. James. Set in Worbarrow Bay, the story concerns a Scout troop who run afoul of a field haunted by vampiric ghosts. The story has been adapted several times, including radio productions for the BBC Home Service and BBC Radio 4 and a television episode for BBC2.

The Collected Ghost Stories of M. R. James
The Collected Ghost Stories of M. R. James is an omnibus collection of ghost stories by English author M. R. James, published in 1931, bringing together all but four of his ghost stories (which had yet to be published).
Philippe Lemieux-Cardinal
Philippe Lemieux-Cardinal (born December 17, 1996) is a Canadian professional football defensive lineman for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played U Sports football at Montreal.

Montreal Carabins football
The Montreal Carabins football team represents the University of Montreal in Montreal, Quebec in the sport of Canadian football in U Sports. The Carabins program has been in operation since its resurrection in the 2002 football season and has established itself as a provincial and national powerhouse with six RSEQ conference championships and three national championships, in 2014, 2023 & 2025.
J. Paul Getty Trust
The J. Paul Getty Trust is the world's wealthiest art institution, with an estimated endowment of US$7.7 billion in 2020. Based in Los Angeles, California, it operates the J. Paul Getty Museum, which has two locations—the Getty Center in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles and the Getty Villa in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles. Its other programs are the Getty Foundation, the Getty Research Institute, and the Getty Conservation Institute.

With an estimated 1.6 million visitors per year, the trust operates one of the most visited museums in the United States. The trust also provides grants and training to other museums and cultural institutions. The trust has a library, publications program and visiting scholar program. The trust's conservation program is dedicated to advancing conservation practice through the creation and delivery of knowledge. However, since 2008, the trust has scaled back the scope of its activities in response to financial challenges.

J. Paul Getty Museum
The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an American art museum in Los Angeles, California, housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa. It is operated by the J. Paul Getty Trust, the world's wealthiest art institution.

The Getty Center is located in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles and features pre-20th-century European paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, decorative arts, and photographs from the inception of photography through present day from all over the world. The original Getty museum, the Getty Villa, is located in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles and displays art from Ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria.
Heliamphora
The genus Heliamphora (/hɛliˈæmfərə/ or /hiːliˈæmfərə/; Greek: helos "marsh" and amphoreus "amphora") contains 24 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America. The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the heli of Heliamphora is from the Greek helios, meaning "sun". The name instead derives from the Greek helos, meaning "marsh", so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants. Species in the genus Heliamphora are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape.  They have evolved mechanisms to  attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher.  At least one species (H. tatei) produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacteria.

Heliamphora minor
Heliamphora minor (Latin: minor = smaller) is a species of marsh pitcher plant endemic to Auyán-tepui in Venezuela. As the name suggests, it is one of the smallest species in the genus.  It is closely related to H. ciliata and H. pulchella.
George Goodman (table tennis)
George 'Eli' Goodman is a former male English international table tennis player.

He was part of the England team that competed at the 1947 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Ernest Bubley, Eric Filby, Benny Casofsky and Johnny Leach.

He was first capped against Wales in 1946 and represented Manchester in national competitions.

He was of Jewish descent and won a gold medal for England at the Jewish Maccabiah Games in 1950 with Benny Casofsky.

Benny Casofsky
Bernard "Benny" Casofsky (19 June 1919 – 	15 April 1987), was a former male English international table tennis player.

“Benny” was part of the England team that competed at the 1947 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Ernest Bubley, Eric Filby, George 'Eli' Goodman and Johnny Leach.

He was of Jewish descent and was part of the Manchester team along with Leslie Cohen and Hyman Lurie who won the Wilmott Cup (National Team Championship) on three occasions. He was also later ranked as Manchester’s number one player.

Later, he was named the president of the Manchester and District League.
Hidayat (poet)
Amir Afsahaddin Hidayatullah Bey (Azerbaijani: Əmir Əfsəhəddin Hidayətullah bəy, امیر  افساء الدین هدایت الله بیگ), better known by his pen name Hidayat (Hidayət, هدایت), was a 15th-century poet and statesman who served under the Aq Qoyunlus. His only surviving work is a divan (a collection of short poems) in Azerbaijani: the Divan of Hidayat (Chester Beatty Library, T 401).

Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azerbaijani: Ağqoyunlular, آغ‌قویونلولار; Persian: آق‌ قویونلو) was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan.
Lee Man-soo
Lee Man-soo (Korean: 이만수; Hanja: 李萬洙; born September 9, 1958, in Cheorwon, Gangwon Province, South Korea), also spelled as Man Soo Lee, is a former Korea Professional Baseball catcher and First baseman and  manager. After a distinguished career as a professional player in South Korea from 1982 to 1997, Lee moved on to coaching in 1998, including positions on the coaching staff of the Chicago White Sox, and came back to South Korea in 2006 to serve as a bench coach for the SK Wyverns.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
Prince Narula
Prince Narula (born Braveen Narula; 24 November 1990) is an Indian model, actor and a singer. Predominantly known for his performance in reality shows, he has also acted in fiction serials.
Narula has won the reality TV shows MTV Roadies 12 (2015), MTV Splitsvilla 8 (2015), Bigg Boss 9 (2015–2016) and Nach Baliye 9 (2019). He also appeared as the wrestler Lakhan "Lucky" Singh Ahlawat in Badho Bahu (2016–2018) and as Shahnawaz "Shaan" Ali in Naagin 3 (2018).

MTV Roadies
MTV Roadies is an Indian reality television series. It premiered on 15 August 2003 on MTV India and is also digitally available on JioHotstar.

Following the auditions, a group of contestants travel to different destinations and participate in various tasks that challenge their physical, social and mental strength.
Juan de Castilla y Haro
Juan de Castilla y Haro, most commonly known as Juan el Tuerto (the one-eyed)  (b. ? - d. 1 November 1326, Toro), was a Spanish noble of the House of Haro and of the royal line of the Kingdom of Castile descended from Alfonso X of Castile. He was the Lord of Cuéllar from 1319 to 1325 and the Lord of Biscay from 1322 until his assassination by order of King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1326.

Lordship of Biscay
The Lordship of Biscay (Spanish: Señorío de Vizcaya, Basque: Bizkaiko jaurerria) was a region under feudal rule in the region of Biscay in the Iberian Peninsula between c.1040 and 1876, ruled by a political figure known as the Lord of Biscay. One of the Basque señoríos, it was a territory with its own political organization, with its own naval ensign, consulate in Bruges and customs offices in Balmaseda and Urduña, from the 11th century until 1876, when the Juntas Generales were abolished. Since 1379, when John I of Castile became the Lord of Biscay, the lordship was integrated into the Crown of Castile, and eventually the Kingdom of Spain.
Ahti Heinla
Ahti Heinla (born 2 May 1972) is an Estonian computer programmer and businessman. He is one of the developers of Skype.

He was also an organizer of Let's Do It 2008, a civic action with 50,000 volunteers participating in cleaning up the countryside of Estonia in one day.

He was awarded the Order of the White Star, 5th class, in 2007, and is a recipient of the 2008 Estonian Volunteer of the Year national award.

He has been a member of the board at the nature protection NGO Estonian Fund for Nature since 2006.

Heinla speaks Estonian, English and Spanish.

In 2013 and 2014, he participated on NASA Centennial Challenge as team leader for Team Kuukulgur.

Heinla and Janus Friis founded Starship Technologies in 2014, to develop small self-driving delivery robots. He is the CEO and CTO.

Heinla was educated at the Gustav Adolf Gymnasium and studied physics at the University of Tartu for two years.

Starship Technologies
Founded in Estonia, Starship Technologies is a pioneer in the field of autonomous delivery vehicles. Launched in 2014, the company is nowadays headquartered in San Francisco, California, with engineering operations in Tallinn, Estonia, and Helsinki, Finland. Starship also has offices in London and Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom and in Hamburg, Germany.

As of October 2025, the company has raised approximately $280 million in equity funding and €50 million in long term loan facilities. In October 2025, the Company announced that is had surpassed 9 million autonomous deliveries and had travelled over 12 million miles (19 million km) globally.
Kim Jae-bak
Kim Jae-bak (Korean: 김재박; born May 23, 1954, in Seoul, South Korea) is a South Korean former professional baseball shortstop and manager. Nicknamed the "Ground Fox," he batted and threw right-handed. He played ten seasons in the KBO League, for the MBC Cheongryong/LG Twins from 1982 to 1991, and for the Pacific Dolphins in 1992. As manager of the Hyundai Unicorns from 1996 to 2006, he guided the team to four Korean Series championships.

Hyundai Unicorns
The Hyundai Unicorns (Korean: 현대 유니콘스; RR: Hyeondae Yunikonseu) were a South Korean professional baseball team based in Suwon. They were a member of the KBO League. The Unicorns won the KBO championship four times (1998, 2000, 2003 and 2004).

The Unicorns were dissolved after the 2007 season. Hyundai Unicorns' players and staff were signed in a takeover deal and became the Heroes Baseball Club. The Unicorns and the Heroes have no historical links, although the new team consisted mostly of former Unicorns players.
Kára McCullough
Kára McCullough Temple (/ˈkaɪrə/; née McCullough) is an American beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USA 2017. As Miss USA, McCullough represented the United States at Miss Universe 2017, where she placed in the Top 10.

Previously, McCullough had been crowned Miss District of Columbia USA 2017, becoming the fourth woman from the District of Columbia to be crowned Miss USA. Additionally, McCullough and her predecessor Deshauna Barber's wins marked the first time a state had won back-to-back titles since Courtney Gibbs and Gretchen Polhemus of Texas won Miss USA 1988 and 1989.

Miss District of Columbia USA
The Miss District of Columbia USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the District of Columbia in the Miss USA pageant. Four District of Columbia representatives have won the Miss USA title. Of those two, Deshauna Barber and Kára McCullough won successive Miss USA titles in 2016 and 2017. The most recent placement was Cassie Baloue in 2023, placing Top 20.

Two Miss District of Columbia USA titleholders previously held the Miss District of Columbia Teen USA title and four have competed at Miss America, one as Miss New Jersey.

The current titleholder is  Allison Laforce of Washington, D.C., was crowned Miss District of Columbia USA 2025 on September 6, 2025 at Seneca Valley High School in Germantown. She will represent the District of Columbia at Miss USA 2025.
Province 9 of the Episcopal Church
Province 9 (IX) is one of nine ecclesiastical provinces making up the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. It comprises seven dioceses in Latin America and the Caribbean. Julio Cesar Holguin Khoury of the Diocese of the Dominican Republic serves as president and Victor Scantlebury of the Diocese of Central Ecuador serves as vice president.

Episcopal Diocese of Central Ecuador
The Episcopal Diocese of Central Ecuador (Spanish: Iglesia Episcopal del Ecuador - Diócesis Central) is a missionary church of the Anglican Communion for the interior region of Ecuador with headquarters in Quito.  It forms part of Province IX of the Episcopal Church.  The current bishop is Juan Carlos Quiñonez Mera. He was consecrated on May 17, 2022 in the Catedra de El Senor in Quito.
R v Elliott
R v Elliott was a criminal harassment trial based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gregory Alan Elliott was charged with criminally harassing three women in the Toronto area, following a protracted dispute with feminist activist Stephanie Guthrie. The case was considered to have implications for free speech in Canada, and to be the first prosecution for harassment solely involving activity on the social networking website Twitter. After the trial's conclusion earlier cases of criminal harassment on Twitter were found but Elliott's is still the only one known that didn't include any violent threats.

Charges involving one of the women were dropped before trial. On January 22, 2016, Ontario Court of Justice judge Brent Knazan acquitted Elliott of the remaining charges of criminal harassment. Elliott soon returned to Twitter after having been restricted from using the Internet as a bail condition for three years.

Freedom of expression in Canada
Freedom of expression in Canada is protected as a "fundamental freedom" by section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; however, in practice the Charter permits the government to enforce "reasonable" limits censoring speech. Hate speech, obscenity, and defamation are common categories of restricted speech in Canada.
Scot FM
Scot FM was a regional radio station serving Central and Southern Scotland. Broadcast from studios at Albert Quay in Leith, the station was billed as radio for Scotland's thinking classes but was unable to create a clear identity for itself, while changing its format to focus on more populist content, including less speech and more music. The station was relaunched as Real Radio Scotland in January 2002 following a buyout by GMG Radio. Real Radio has since been succeeded by Heart Scotland.

Heart Scotland
Heart Scotland is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global as part of the Heart network. The station relaunched as Heart on 6 May 2014, serving central and southern Scotland from studios in Glasgow city centre.

Heart Scotland originally broadcast as Scot FM until 2001, when Guardian Media Group bought the station, leading to a relaunch as Real Radio Scotland. Global Radio acquired GMG Radio on 25 June 2012, but operated Real Radio in a "hold separate" situation known as Real and Smooth Ltd, which ended on 1 April 2014.
La Grange, Kentucky
La Grange is a home rule-class city in Oldham County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 10,067 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is the seat of its county. A unique feature of the city is the CSX Transportation street-running mainline track on Main Street that sees multiple trains in both directions.

Street running train
A street running train is a train which runs on a track built on public streets. The rails are embedded in the roadway, and the train shares the street with other users, such as pedestrians, cars and cyclists, thus often being referred to as running in mixed traffic. Tram and light rail systems frequently run on streets, with light rail lines typically separated from other traffic.

For safety, street running trains travel more slowly than trains on dedicated rights-of-way. Needing to share the right-of-way with motor vehicles can cause delays and pose a safety risk.

Stations on such routes are rare and may appear similar in style to a tram stop, but often lack platforms, pedestrian islands, or other amenities. In some cases, passengers may be required to wait on a distant sidewalk, and then board or disembark by crossing the traffic.