hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sugata Mitra
Sugata Mitra (born 12 February 1952) is an Indian computer scientist and educational theorist. He is best known for his "Hole in the Wall" experiment, and widely cited in works on literacy and education. He is Professor Emeritus at NIIT University, Rajasthan, India. A Ph.D. in theoretical physics, he retired in 2019 as Professor of Educational Technology at Newcastle University in England, after 13 years there including a year in 2012 as visiting professor at MIT Media Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. He won the TED Prize 2013.

Minimally invasive education
Minimally invasive education (MIE) is a form of learning in which children operate in unsupervised environments. The methodology arose from an experiment done by Sugata Mitra while at NIIT in 1999, often called The Hole in the Wall, which has since gone on to become a significant project with the formation of Hole in the Wall Education Limited (HiWEL), a cooperative effort between NIIT and the International Finance Corporation, employed in some 300 'learning stations', covering some 300,000 children in India and several African countries.

The programme has been feted with the digital opportunity award by WITSA, and been extensively covered in the media.
1976 Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash
The Double Six Crash, also known as the Double Six Tragedy (referring to 6 June), was a crash, involving a GAF N-22B Nomad of Sabah Air, which took place on 6 June 1976 at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, killing several local political leaders, including two top leaders - Tun Fuad Stephens and Datuk Peter Mojuntin.

Peter Joinud Mojuntin
Datuk Peter Joinod Mojuntin, PGDK MLA (11 October 1939 – 6 June 1976) was a politician in the Malaysian state of Sabah and former State Minister of Local Government and Housing in the government of Tun Fuad Stephens. He died along with other politicians in the Double Six Plane Crash in Kota Kinabalu.
Polly Umrigar
Pahlan Ratanji "Polly" Umrigar pronunciationⓘ (28 March 1926 – 7 November 2006) was an Indian cricketer.  He played in the Indian cricket team (1948 – 1962) and played first-class cricket for Bombay and Gujarat. Umrigar played mainly as a middle-order batsman but also bowled occasional medium pace and off spin. He captained India in eight Test matches from 1955 to 1958. When he retired in 1962, he had played in the most Tests (59), scored the most Test runs (3,631), and recorded the most Test centuries (12) of any Indian player. He scored the first double century by an Indian in Test cricket against New Zealand in Hyderabad. In 1998, he received the C. K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award, the highest honour the Indian cricket board can bestow on a former player.

Mumbai cricket team
The Mumbai cricket team is a cricket team which represents Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. It is governed by Mumbai Cricket Association. Its home ground is Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.

The team also plays its home matches at Bandra Kurla Complex Ground and Brabourne Stadium. The team comes under the West Zone designation. It was formerly known as the Bombay cricket team, but changed its name when the city was renamed from Bombay to Mumbai.

Mumbai is the most successful team in the history of Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket competition, with 42 titles. Its most recent title was in 2023–24. It also has won 14 (and 1 shared) Irani Cups.

Mumbai has produced some of the greatest Indian cricketers of all time, such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar,  Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma, Shreyas Iyer, Vijay Merchant, Polly Umrigar, and Dilip Vengsarkar.
William Bradford Waddell
William Bradford Waddell (1807–1872) is often credited along with Alexander Majors and William Hepburn Russell as the founders, owners, and operators of the Pony Express. He is described as "phlegmatic, stoical, inclined to sulk if displeased, a cautious penny-pincher, and unable to reach a decision without ponderous deliberation."

Alexander Majors
Alexander Majors (October 4, 1814 – January 13, 1900) was an American businessman, who along with William Hepburn Russell and William B. Waddell founded the Pony Express, based in St. Joseph, Missouri. This was one of the westernmost points east of the Missouri River from its upper portion beyond that state. It was a major supply point for migrants and pioneers headed west to Oregon Country.

Even though they succeeded in making the deliveries, they did not get the contract. They went bankrupt after the Transcontinental Telegraph opened in October 1861, as its competition eliminated the need for some mail service.

Majors supplied rail ties for the crews of the Union Pacific Railroad working on the First transcontinental railroad. After the railroad was completed, he continued to haul freight to towns not yet served by the railroad.
Barney Gumble
Barnard "Barney" Gumble is a recurring character in the American animated TV series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta and first appeared in the series premiere episode "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire".

Barney is the town drunk of Springfield and one of Homer Simpson's friends. His loud belches and desperation for alcohol serve as frequent sources of humor on the show, though Barney sobered up in the Season 11 episode "Days of Wine and D'oh'ses" before relapsing three years later. Barney was inspired by the cartoon character Barney Rubble from The Flintstones and by several barflies from other television programs. In 2004, Castellaneta won an Emmy Award for voicing various characters, including Barney.

Barney can be seen in The Simpsons opening credits since 2009, passed out under a pile of leaves (but still holding his beloved bottle of Duff Beer) and being awoken by Bart Simpson skateboarding over his stomach, causing him to let out his trademark belch.

Springfield (The Simpsons)
Springfield is the primary fictional setting of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons and related media. It is an average-sized, fictional city in an unknown state in the United States. The city's geography, surroundings, and layout are flexible, often changing to accommodate the plot of any given episode.

Springfield was inspired by a number of real-life locations, including creator Matt Groening's hometown of Portland, Oregon, the nearby town of Springfield, Oregon, and producer Mike Scully's hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts. However, in order to emphasize it as an example of "Anytown, USA", the location of the fictional Springfield remains a mystery. "Clues" regarding Springfield's climate, geology, distance from real cities, or political alignment, which are found in numerous episodes of the series, are intentionally contradictory.

In November 2025, an island version of Springfield was the main map for the Fortnite x Simpsons crossover mini season.
Dunfermline (district)
56°07′N 3°32′W﻿ / ﻿56.11°N 3.54°W﻿ / 56.11; -3.54

Dunfermline (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phàrlain, Scots: Dunfaurlin) was a local government district in the Fife region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996, lying to the south-west of the regional capital Glenrothes.

Kirkcaldy (district)
56°11′N 3°05′W﻿ / ﻿56.18°N 3.09°W﻿ / 56.18; -3.09

Kirkcaldy (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phàrlain, Scots: Dunfaurlin) was a local government district in the Fife region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. The district was named after the town of Kirkcaldy but also covered a wider area, including the Fife regional capital of Glenrothes.
Strong Georgia
Strong Georgia (SG; Georgian: ძლიერი საქართველო, romanized: dzlieri sakartvelo) is an informal political coalition of pro-European political parties in Georgia. Its platform has generally been placed on the centre to centre-left and the alliance includes liberal as well as social democratic factions.

The coalition's initial constituent members were Mamuka Khazaradze's Lelo for Georgia, Ana Dolidze's For the People, Aleko Elisashvili's Citizens, as well as the political movement Freedom Square led by Levan Tsutskiridze. The alliance also included other notable politicians such as the former President Giorgi Margvelashvili and former New Rights Party leader David Gamkrelidze.

For the People (Georgia)
For the People (Georgian: ხალხისთვის, romanized: khalkhistvis) is a centre-left political party in Georgia. It was founded in 2021 by the former Deputy Minister of Defence Ana Dolidze and participated in the 2021 local elections. It was a part of the Strong Georgia coalition competing in the 2024 parliamentary election.
Oda Nobukatsu
Oda Nobukatsu (織田 信雄; 1558 – June 10, 1630) also known as Kitabatake Tomotoyo was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was the second son of Oda Nobunaga. He was adopted as the head of the Kitabatake clan from Ise Province. He survived the decline of the Oda clan from political prominence, becoming a daimyō in the early Edo period. Though often described as an incompetent general, Nobukatsu was a skilled warrior. In the battle of Komaki and Nagakute, he used a 13th-century tachi of the Fukuoka Ichimonji school, to slay a samurai known as Okada Sukesaburō. The blade came to be known as "Okada-giri Yoshifusa", now a national treasure.

Oda Nobutaka
Oda Nobutaka (織田 信孝; 1558–1583) was a samurai and member of the Oda clan. He was adopted as the head of the Kanbe clan, which ruled the middle region of Ise Province and so he was also called Kanbe Nobutaka (神戸信孝).
Ornithomimosauria
Ornithomimosauria ("bird-mimic lizards") are theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to the modern-day ostrich. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period of Laurasia (now Asia, Europe and North America), as well as possibly Africa. The group first appeared in the Early Cretaceous and persisted until the Late Cretaceous. Primitive members of the group include Nqwebasaurus, Pelecanimimus, Shenzhousaurus, Hexing and Deinocheirus, the arms of which reached 2.4 m (8 feet) in length. More advanced species, members of the family Ornithomimidae, include Gallimimus, Struthiomimus, and Ornithomimus. Some paleontologists, like Paul Sereno, consider the enigmatic alvarezsaurids to be close relatives of the ornithomimosaurs and place them together in the superfamily Ornithomimoidea (see classification below).

Pelecanimimus
Pelecanimimus (meaning "pelican mimic") is an extinct genus of basal ("primitive") ornithomimosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Spain. It is notable for possessing more teeth than any other member of the Ornithomimosauria (or any other theropod), most of which were toothless.
Péter Márki-Zay
Péter Márki-Zay (Hungarian: [ˈpeːtɛr ˈmaːrkizɒji], born 9 May 1972), often referred to by his initials MZP, is a Hungarian politician, marketer, economist, electrical engineer and historian. He has served as mayor of Hódmezővásárhely since 2018, and is the co-founder of the Everybody's Hungary (Mindenki Magyarországa Mozgalom/Néppárt; MMM/MMN). As the winner of the 2021 opposition primary, he was the candidate of the United for Hungary challenging Prime Minister Viktor Orbán in the 2022 parliamentary election, which he lost.

2021 Hungarian opposition primary
An opposition primary was held in Hungary, between 18–28 September 2021 (first round) and 10–16 October 2021 (second round), to select the candidate for Prime Minister of Hungary supported by the opposition parties to form a coalition to compete in the 2022 parliamentary election. It was the first countrywide primary election in the political history of Hungary. The parties had also selected common candidates for single-member districts via the primary.

Non-partisan candidate Péter Márki-Zay was elected as prime ministerial candidate of the United Opposition.
Liberal Party of New York
The Liberal Party of New York is a political party in New York. Its platform supports a standard set of socially liberal policies, including abortion rights, increased spending on education, and universal health care.

Conservative Party of New York State
The Conservative Party of New York State is an American political party founded in 1962 following conservative dissatisfaction with the Republican Party of New York State. Running only on the Conservative Party line, James L. Buckley won election to the U.S. Senate in 1970 and served for one term. Since 2010, the party has held "Row C" on New York ballots—the third-place ballot position, directly below the Democratic and Republican parties—because it received the third-highest number of votes of any political party in the 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 New York gubernatorial elections. The party is known for its strategy of attempting to influence the Republican Party in a more conservative direction.
Suzhal: The Vortex
Suzhal: The Vortex is an Indian Tamil-language crime suspense thriller television series created by Pushkar–Gayathri which was an Amazon Original and premiered exclusively on Amazon Prime Video. The series was directed by Bramma G (both seasons), Anucharan Murugaiyan (first season) and Sarjun KM (second season) and produced by Wallwatcher Films. It stars Kathir and Aishwarya Rajesh in lead roles.

The series features music composed by Sam C.S., cinematography handled by Mukeswaran (first season) and Abraham Joseph (second season), and editing done by Richard Kevin. Arun Venjaramoodu was production designer for both seasons.The first season, consisting of eight episodes, was released on 17 June 2022. The second season, consisting of eight episodes, was released on 28 February 2025.

Kathir (actor)
Kathir is an Indian actor who appears in Tamil language films. He made his breakthrough by playing the lead role in Madha Yaanai Koottam (2013) and gained critical acclaim for his performance in Kirumi (2015), Vikram Vedha (2017), Pariyerum Perumal (2018) and Sigai (2019). In 2022, he starred in the Prime Video thriller series Suzhal: The Vortex.
Brantley Gilbert
Brantley Keith Gilbert  (born January 20, 1985) is an American country rock singer, songwriter and record producer from Jefferson, Georgia. He was originally signed to Colt Ford's label, Average Joes Entertainment, where he released Modern Day Prodigal Son and Halfway to Heaven. He is now signed to the Valory division of Big Machine Records where he has released six studio albums—a deluxe edition of Halfway to Heaven, Just as I Am, The Devil Don't Sleep, Fire & Brimstone, So Help Me God, Tattoos, and 14 country chart entries, four of which have gone to number one. He also co-wrote (with Colt Ford) and originally recorded Jason Aldean's singles "My Kinda Party" and "Dirt Road Anthem".

A Modern Day Prodigal Son
A Modern Day Prodigal Son is the debut studio album from American country rock singer Brantley Gilbert. It was first self-released on a limited scale with just the first eleven songs back in 2005.  It finally was released nationally by Average Joes in October 2009 (and later re-released by Valory Music Co.).  Although it produced no singles, the song "My Kinda Party" became Jason Aldean's leadoff single to his album of the same name in late 2010. Aldean also covered "The Best of Me" on his third studio album, Wide Open. The album itself charted on Top Country Albums and the Billboard 200.
Flight of the Old Dog
Flight of the Old Dog is a 1987 thriller novel written by Dale Brown. The novel's descriptions of B-52 controls and operations are based on Brown's knowledge of the systems as a USAF navigator. The flight is also recreated as a special mission in the video game Megafortress.

Megafortress
Megafortress (also known as Megafortress: Flight Of The Old Dog) is a flight simulation video game developed by Artech Digital Entertainment and released by Three-Sixty Pacific Inc in 1991. The game takes place in the late 1980s and early 1990s and features three distinct sets of missions: Red Flag (USAF) training exercises at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada, a fictional series of missions during the First Gulf War, and a special mission which reenacts the plot of the novel Flight of the Old Dog.
Cederberg
The Cederberg mountains are located near Clanwilliam, approximately 300 km north of Cape Town, South Africa at about 32°30′S 19°0′E﻿ / ﻿32.500°S 19.000°E﻿ / -32.500; 19.000. The mountain range is named after the endangered Clanwilliam cedar (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis), which is a tree endemic to the area. The mountains are noted for dramatic rock formations and San rock art. The Cederberg Wilderness Area is administered by CapeNature.

Cederberg is now the generally accepted spelling for the area, which combines the English (Cedarberg) and Afrikaans (Sederberg) variants.

CapeNature
CapeNature (officially the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board) is a governmental organisation responsible for maintaining wilderness areas and public nature reserves in Western Cape Province, South Africa.
McGregor, British Columbia
McGregor existed on the northeast side of the Fraser River 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) north-northwest of the Bowron River confluence. Positioned between Sinclair Mills and Upper Fraser, in central British Columbia, the previous community has since dispersed. McGregor, as well as the McGregor River, McGregor Range, Herrick River, Captain Creek and James Creek were named after Captain James Herrick McGregor (1869–1915), a Canadian soldier killed in action during World War I. As a partner in surveyors Gore and McGregor, he had undertaken extensive exploration and survey work in the area.

Upper Fraser, British Columbia
.

Upper Fraser developed between Aleza Lake and Hansard on the southwest side of the Fraser River in central British Columbia. The community of about 20 residents comprises a post-office and several houses straddling Upper Fraser Road.
Kenan İmirzalıoğlu
Kenan İmirzalıoğlu (born 18 June  1974) is a Turkish actor and former model. İmirzalıoğlu appeared in the action films Son Osmanlı Yandım Ali (The Last Ottoman: Knockout Ali) and Kabadayı (For Love and Honor). He returned to television in 2009 with the series Ezel and also starred in the action film Ejder Kapanı (Dragon Trap) directed by Uğur Yücel.

Dragon Trap
Dragon Trap (Turkish: Ejder Kapanı) is a 2010 Turkish crime-thriller film, directed by Uğur Yücel, about two detectives investigating a series of murders of released pedophiles, which was sponsored by the Istanbul Police Department. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on January 22, 2010 (2010-01-22), is one of the highest-grossing Turkish films of 2010.
Uraraneida
Uraraneida is an extinct order of Paleozoic arachnids related to modern spiders. Two genera of fossils have been definitively placed in this order: Attercopus from the Devonian of United States and Permarachne from the Permian of Russia. Like spiders, they are known to have produced silk, but lack the characteristic spinnerets of modern spiders, and retain elongate telsons.

Permarachne
Permarachne is an extinct genus of arachnids containing the single species Permarachne novokshonovi from the Permian (Kungurian) of Russia, found in the Koshelevka Formation near the town of Suksun in Perm Krai. It is closely related to modern spiders but unlike them, it has a long thin tail, similar to its relative Attercopus, it is known from the mostly complete holotype PIN 4909/12. It is about 1 cm in size. It initially was thought to be a spider, but is now thought to form a clade with at least its close relative Attercopus, forming the grouping Uraraneida.
Ningbo Rockets
The Ningbo Rockets (Chinese: 宁波火箭; pinyin: Níngbō Huǒjiàn), or Ningbo Fubang Rockets (Chinese: 宁波富邦火箭; pinyin: Níngbō Fùbāng Huǒjiàn), competing as Ningbo Yongxing Securities (Chinese: 宁波汀渥; pinyin: Níngbō Tīngwò), are a professional basketball team based in Ningbo, Zhejiang. They are currently competing in the Chinese Basketball Association. The team are derived from the dissolved Bayi Rockets.

Bayi Rockets
The Bayi Rockets (Chinese: 八一双鹿电池火箭; pinyin: Bāyī Shuānglù Diànchí Huǒjiàn) were a professional basketball team based in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, which played in the South Division of the Chinese Basketball Association. The Rockets were the only CBA team owned and governed by the People's Liberation Army (PLA).

On 20 October 2020, The Chinese Basketball Association announced that the Rockets had withdrawn from Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) following a decision by the PLA.
2008 California Statewide Truck and Bus Rule
The California Statewide Truck and Bus Rule was initially adopted in December 2008 by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and requires all heavy-duty diesel trucks and buses that operate in California to retrofit or replace engines in order to reduce diesel emissions. All privately and federally owned diesel-fueled trucks and buses, and privately and publicly owned school buses with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) greater than 14,000 pounds, are covered by the regulation.

Implementation was originally scheduled for January 1, 2011 but recent amendments were considered in December 2010. The rule now requires the installation of particulate matter filters beginning January 1, 2012 and replacement of older engines beginning January 1, 2015. Nearly all applicable vehicles are required to have 2010 model year or the equivalent to 2010 engines by January 1, 2023.

Diesel exhaust
Diesel exhaust is the exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine, plus any contained particulates. Its composition may vary with the fuel type, rate of consumption or speed of engine operation (e.g., idling or at speed or under load), and whether the engine is in an on-road vehicle, farm vehicle, locomotive, marine vessel, or stationary generator or other application.

Diesel exhaust causes lung cancer and other diseases such as asthma, and many premature deaths. Methods exist to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust.

Some countries have set a date to stop selling diesel vehicles, and some city centres will ban diesel cars.
Malcolm Hartley
Malcolm Hartley[mælkəm hɑːtli] (born 15 February 1947, Bury, Greater Manchester) is an English-born astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and comets, who works with the UK Schmidt Telescope at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia.

Siding Spring Observatory
Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia, part of the Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics (RSAA) at the Australian National University (ANU), incorporates the Anglo-Australian Telescope along with a collection of other telescopes owned by the Australian National University, the University of New South Wales, and other institutions.  The observatory is situated 1,165 metres (3,822 ft) above sea level in the Warrumbungle National Park on Mount Woorat, also known as Siding Spring Mountain. Siding Spring Observatory is owned by the Australian National University (ANU) and is part of the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories research school.

More than A$100 million worth of research equipment is located at the observatory. There are over 60 telescopes on site, though not all are operational.
Peter Milligan
Peter Milligan (born 24 June 1961) is a British comic book writer who has written extensively for both British and American comic book industries. In the UK, Milligan has contributed to numerous anthology titles including 2000 AD, Revolver, Eagle and A1, and helped launch the magazine Deadline. In the US, he is best known for his frequent contributions to DC Comics' Vertigo imprint, which include the revamped DC properties Shade, the Changing Man and Human Target, a four-year run on the imprint's premier title Hellblazer, and original series Enigma, The Extremist, Egypt and Greek Street, as well as the Marvel series X-Statix, co-created by Milligan and artist Mike Allred.

Mike Allred
Michael Dalton "Mike" Allred (born 1962) is an American comic book artist and writer. He is most well known for his independent comics creation Madman and for co-creating and drawing the comic book series iZombie. His work often draws upon pop art, as well as commercial and comic art of the 1950s and 1960s.