hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visconti of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as lords and then as dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the Visconti Lordship of Milan was the Archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277.

Della Torre
The House of Della Torre (Torriani or Thurn) was an Italian noble family who dominated Lombardy and much of northern Italy between the 12th and 14th centuries. They owned the Lordship of Milan before being expelled by the Visconti at the Battle of Desio. They were members of the Guelphs.

According to the line of descent of the family, the house would descend from the imperial family of Charlemagne.

Over the centuries, various branches of the family have acquired numerous titles, including barons, counts, marquesses, and even dukes and princes. Many members of the Society have also been awarded various titles related to orders of knighthood.
Hohenbaden Castle
Hohenbaden Castle (at the time of its establishment Schloss Hohenbaden, now Old castle or Altes Schloss) in German Baden-Baden was the residence of the margraves of Baden for almost 400 years. The castle was built around 1100 by Herman II, Margrave of Baden (1074–1130) on the west flank of the Battert rock.

Under Margrave Bernard I (1372–1431) the Gothic lower castle was built. This was expanded again by Jacob, Margrave from 1431 to 1453. At its peak, the castle had a hundred rooms. Christopher I built the New castle in the town of Baden itself and moved there in 1479.

The Old castle then served as a widow's residence until it was destroyed by fire in 1599.

Hohenbaden - Altes Schloss Hohenbaden

Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːdn̩ ˈbaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of Strasbourg, France.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous spas and architecture that exemplifies the popularity of spa towns in Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.
Botswana cuisine
The cuisine of Botswana is unique but shares some characteristics with other cuisines of Southern Africa. Examples of Setswana food include pap, samp, magwinya, bogobe and mophane worms. A food unique to Botswana is seswaa, salted mashed-up meat.

Bogobe jwa lerotse
Bogobe jwa lerotse is a type of porridge eaten in Botswana and also a national dish of Botswana, characterized by a delicate flavor imparted by the lerotse melon, a type of fruit that is visually reminiscent of a typical watermelon and distinguished by its orange-colored flesh. Lerotse has a neutral flavor when raw, but it imparts a unique flavor to the dish when cooked. The dish is typically stirred with a traditional wooden whisk, called a lehetho, and has a porridge-like consistency when fully cooked. It is often consumed at weddings and other social gatherings.

Its key ingredient is the lerotse melon, a less-sweet variety of watermelon indigenous to Botswana which is more similar in taste to the cucumber when raw. Along with the lerotse, which is chopped into pieces and boiled, the dish includes sorghum meal and sour milk.
Arlington Coalition on Transportation
The Arlington Coalition on Transportation (ACT) is a citizens group formed to oppose the construction of Interstate 66 through Arlington, Virginia.  The focal activity of ACT was the conduct of a lawsuit filed against the Virginia Department of Transportation in 1971 in district court. This small citizen's group, founded by Jim and Emelia Govan, actually defeated the powerful Virginia Highway Commission, as the agency was then known. After considerable further legal and technical struggles, a compromise solution was reached to create a scaled-down highway segment, including a transit element.

Interstate 66
Interstate 66 (I-66) is a 76.32 mile east–west interstate highway in the eastern United States. The highway runs from an interchange with I-81 near Middletown, Virginia, on its western end to an interchange with U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Washington, D.C., at the eastern terminus. The route parallels State Route 55 (SR 55) from its western terminus at I-81 to Gainesville, and US 29 from Gainesville to its eastern terminus in Washington. I-66 is unrelated to US 66, which was located in the Midwest-West region of the United States.

The E Street Expressway is a spur from I-66 into the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
Loch Affric
Loch Affric is a freshwater loch within Glen Affric, in the Highland council area of Scotland. It lies about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Beauly. The loch sits in a national nature reserve known for being home to a number of rare species and the loch itself is popular for trout fishing. An annual duathlon is held on the banks of the loch in May and the loch has been widely used as the backdrop in films.

Glen Affric
Glen Affric (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Afraig) is a glen south-west of the village of Cannich in the Highland region of Scotland, some 15 miles (25 kilometres) west of Loch Ness. The River Affric runs along its length, passing through Loch Affric and Loch Beinn a' Mheadhoin. A minor public road reaches as far as the end of Loch Beinn a' Mheadhoin, but beyond that point only rough tracks and footpaths continue along the glen.

Often described as the most beautiful glen in Scotland, Glen Affric contains the third largest area of ancient Caledonian pinewoods in Scotland, as well as lochs, moorland and mountains.
The area is a Caledonian Forest Reserve, a national scenic area and a national nature reserve, as well as holding several other conservation designations.

The forests and open landscapes of the glen, and the mountains on either side, are a popular destination for hikers, climbers and mountain bikers.
Kawanabe District, Kagoshima
Kawanabe (川辺郡, Kawanabe-gun) was a district located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 28,788 and a total area of 247.54 km2.

The day before the dissolution on November 30, 2007, the district had two towns:

Chiran (知覧町, Chiran-chō)

Kawanabe (川辺町, Kawanabe-chō)

On December 1, 2007, the towns of Chiran and Kawanabe, along with the town of Ei (from Ibusuki District), were merged to create the city of Minamikyūshū. Kawanabe District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Ibusuki District, Kagoshima
Ibusuki (揖宿郡, Ibusuki-gun) was a district located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2005 population data (following the January 1, 2006 merger), the district had an estimated population of 14,761 and a density of 134 persons per km2. The total area was 110.31 km2 (42.59 sq mi).

The day before the dissolution on November 30, 2007, the district had only one town:

Ei (頴娃町, Ei-chō)
Northern Colorado Bears baseball
Northern Colorado Bears baseball is the varsity intercollegiate team representing University of Northern Colorado in the sport of college baseball in NCAA Division I. The team is led by Mike Anderson, and plays its home games at Jackson Field on campus in Greeley, Colorado. The Bears are baseball members of the Summit League, having joined in July 2021 after spending the previous eight years as baseball members of the Western Athletic Conference.

Prior to the 1968 establishment of what is now the NCAA Division II baseball tournament, the Bears reached the College World Series nine times, and reached the CWS again in 1974 at the Division I level for a total of ten appearances, compiling a record of 3–20. The school was known as Colorado State College until 1970, when the school changed to its present name. This is not to be confused with the current Colorado State University, which was known as Colorado A&M until 1957.

Jackson Field (Greeley)
Jackson Field is a baseball venue in Greeley, Colorado, United States. It is home to the Northern Colorado Bears baseball team of the NCAA Division I Summit League. The facility has a capacity of 1,500 spectators. The field was dedicated in 1952 in honor of Charles N. Jackson, a UNC trustee who helped purchase the land in 1927.
Triphthong smoothing
Within  Received Pronunciation (RP), triphthong smoothing refers to the sound change of a triphthong to a smaller unit of sound; either a diphthong or pure vowel. In the latter case, smoothing is sometimes referred to as monophthongisation.

The opposite process, whereby a monophthong becomes a sequence of two or more vowels, is known as vowel breaking or fracture.

Triphthong smoothing takes place between a diphthong and schwa sound (/ə/), often before a lateral approximant or historical r, though neither liquid consonant is required for smoothing to occur.

Smoothing may also take place across word boundaries, when a word-final diphthong is present before a schwa; e.g. tie a knot (/taɪ ə nɒt/) or stay away (/steɪ əˈweɪ/).

Although primarily associated with RP, the pronunciations of some common words are the result of smoothing, such as our /ɑ(r)/, prayer /pɹɛə(r)/, and (outside North America) mayor (/mɛːə/).

Triphthong
In phonetics, a triphthong (UK: /ˈtrɪfθɒŋ, ˈtrɪpθɒŋ/ TRIF-thong, TRIP-thong, US: /-θɔːŋ/ -⁠thawng) (from Greek τρίφθογγος triphthongos, lit. 'with three sounds'  or 'with three tones') is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two and triphthongs three.

Triphthongs are not to be confused with disyllabic sequences of a diphthong followed by a monophthong, as in German Feuer [ˈfɔʏ.ɐ] 'fire', where the final vowel is longer than those found in triphthongs.
Kutsuki Mototsuna
Kutsuki Mototsuna (朽木 元綱, 1549 – October 12, 1632) was a samurai commander in Azuchi-Momoyama period and Edo period.
His father was Kutsuki Harutsuna (朽木 晴綱). The Kutsuki were a powerful clan at Kutsuki-tani (朽木谷), Takasima-gori, Ōmi Province. His childhood name was Takewakamaru (竹若丸.

At the age of two, Mototsuna succeeded when his father died in battle. At first, he served an Ashikaga shogunate at the Hokosyu. In 1570, Mototsuna helped Oda Nobunaga when he attacked Asakura clan and retired through Kutsuki. He then served Hashiba Hideyoshi after Nobunga died in 1582.

In 1600 at the Battle of Sekigahara, at the start Mototsuna took part in Ishida Mitsunari's force belonging to Otani Yoshitsugu. However, acting in concert with Kobayakawa Hideaki, Mototsuna, along with Wakisaka Yasuharu, Ogawa Suketada and Akaza Naoyasu, betrayed Mitsunari. After the battle, Ieyasu let Yasuharu govern his domain because of this exploit.

Kutsuki Harutsuna
Kutsuki Harutsuna (朽木 晴綱, 1518–1550) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, who ruled Kutsukidani Castle in Ōmi Province. He was a supporter of the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiharu.

His heir is Kutsuki Mototsuna.  Harutsuna's descendants became daimyō in the Edo period. The Kutsuki were a powerful clan at Kutsuki-tani (朽木谷), Takasima-gori, Ōmi Province.
Noah Anderson
Noah Anderson (born 17 February 2001) is a professional Australian rules footballer who plays for, and captains, the Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL).

The son of two-time premiership player Dean Anderson, he was recruited to the Suns with the second pick in the 2019 national draft. He made his debut in the opening round of the 2020 season and finished runner-up in the Rising Star. He was appointed captain of the Suns before the 2025 season and led them to their inaugural finals series.

Dean Anderson
Dean Anderson (born 1 August 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn and St Kilda in the Australian Football League. Dean is now the chief executive officer at Leading Teams.
Alf Svensson (guitarist)
Alf Svensson is a Swedish heavy metal guitarist. He initially played in Oral from 1984 to 1989. He temporarily entered Grotesque and Liers in Wait before joining At the Gates in 1990. He was their guitarist until 1993, in 1994, he reformed Oral to record an EP. He then formed Oxiplegatz, and went on to release three albums under this name. He currently works as art director in First Planet Company (MMO Entropia Universe).

At the Gates
At the Gates is a Swedish melodic death metal band from Gothenburg, formed in 1990. The band was a major progenitor of the mid-90s Gothenburg Sound alongside Dark Tranquillity and In Flames. Prior to their first disbandment in 1996, At the Gates released four albums, with the last being Slaughter of the Soul (1995). The album has been seen as a landmark in the mid-1990s Swedish death metal scene. After reuniting in 2007, for what was initially a one-off tour in 2008, the band continued performing and released three additional studio albums: At War with Reality (2014), To Drink from the Night Itself (2018) and The Nightmare of Being (2021).
422nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 422nd Rifle Division was formed for the first time as a standard Red Army rifle division late in 1941, after the Soviet winter counteroffensive had begun, but was soon re-designated. A second formation began in March, 1942, again in the far east of Siberia, until July, after which it was moved west to join the reserves of Stalingrad Front in August. It was the highest-numbered rifle division to see active service in the front lines after the German invasion, Operation Barbarossa. Over the course of the next six months, the division distinguished itself in both defensive and offensive fighting and earned its re-designation as the 81st Guards Rifle Division on the first day of March, 1943. The 422nd was never reformed.

81st Guards Rifle Division
The 81st Guards Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Russian Ground Forces, previously serving in the Red Army and the Soviet Army. It was formed after the Battle of Stalingrad from the 422nd Rifle Division in recognition of that division's actions during the battle, specifically the encirclement and the siege of the German forces in the city. The 81st Guards continued a record of distinguished service through the rest of the Great Patriotic War, and continued to serve postwar, as a rifle division and later a motor rifle division, until being reorganized as the 57th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in 2009 in the Russian Ground Forces. Most of its postwar service was in the Soviet (Russian) far east, where it was originally formed as the 422nd.
Untitled Film Stills
Untitled Film Stills is a series of black and white photographs by American visual artist Cindy Sherman predominantly made between 1977 and 1980, which gained her international recognition. Sherman casts herself in various stereotypical female roles inspired by 1950s and 1960s films.

They represent clichés or feminine types "that are deeply embedded in the cultural imagination." It was later sponsored by Madonna at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in 1997.

Untitled Film Still 48
Untitled Film Still #48 is a black and white photograph taken by Cindy Sherman in 1979. It is part of her Untitled Film Stills photographic series, taken from 1977 to 1980. This picture is also known as The Hitchhiker.
Chaïm Soutine
Chaïm Soutine (French: [ʃaim sutin]; Russian: Хаим Соломонович Сутин, romanized: Khaim Solomonovich Sutin; Yiddish: חײם סוטין, romanized: Chaim Sutin; 13 January 1893 – 9 August 1943) was a French painter of Belarusian-Jewish origin of the School of Paris, who made a major contribution to the Expressionist movement while living and working in Paris.

Inspired by classic painting in the European tradition, exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Chardin and Courbet, Soutine developed an individual style more concerned with shape, color, and texture than representation, which served as a bridge between more traditional approaches and the developing form of Abstract Expressionism.

Jean Siméon Chardin
Jean Siméon Chardin (French: [ʒɑ̃ simeɔ̃ ʃaʁdɛ̃]; November 2, 1699 – December 6, 1779) was an 18th-century French painter. He is considered a master of still life, and is also noted for his genre paintings which depict kitchen maids, children, and domestic activities.  Carefully balanced composition, soft diffusion of light, and granular impasto characterize his work.
Kristin Armstrong
Kristin Armstrong Savola (née Armstrong; born August 11, 1973) is a former professional road bicycle racer and three-time Olympic gold medalist, the winner of the women's individual time trial in 2008, 2012, and 2016. Before temporarily retiring to start a family in 2009, she rode for Cervélo TestTeam in women's elite professional events on the National Racing Calendar (NRC) and UCI Women's World Cup. She announced a return to competitive cycling beginning in the 2011 season, competing for Peanut Butter & Co. TWENTY12 at the Redlands Classic.

Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's road time trial
The women's individual time trial was one of eighteen  cycling events of the 2016 Olympic Games. The event started and finished on 10 August at Pontal, a small peninsula and beach area in the Recreio dos Bandeirantes neighborhood, located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The race start and finish were part of the Barra venues cluster and one of seven temporary venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
2025 Speedway of Nations
The 2025 Speedway of Nations was the seventh edition of the Speedway of Nations, and 33rd edition of a pairs competition for national teams in motorcycle speedway.

The competition consisted of three events, which took place at the MotoArena Toruń in Toruń, Poland, between 30 September and 4 October 2025. The under-21 Speedway of Nations 2 took place at the same venue on 3 October.

Great Britain were the defending champions having won in 2024.

Australia won the title, beating hosts Poland in the Grand Final, with Brady Kurtz and Jack Holder getting the better of Bartosz Zmarzlik and Patryk Dudek. Denmark took bronze. It was Australia's second Speedway of Nations title after winning the 2022 edition.

The next Speedway of Nations will take place in 2027, as the competition will be replaced with the return of the Speedway World Cup in 2026.

MotoArena Toruń
Motoarena Toruń im. Mariana Rosego is a multi-use stadium in Toruń, Poland. It is currently used mostly for motorcycle speedway matches and it is used for car racing and concerts and it is the home stadium of KS Toruń in the Speedway Ekstraliga. The stadium has a capacity of 15,500 people  and was opened on 3 May 2009. It is named after Marian Rose, former speedway rider from Toruń.

The speedway track is 318 metres (348 yards) long. Since 2010, a round of the Speedway Grand Prix has been held at the MotoArena.
Iballë
Iballë (pronounced [iˈbaɫə]; Albanian definite form: Iballa) is an old village and a former municipality in Shkodër County, northern Albania. In 2015 it became a subdivision of the municipality Fushë-Arrëz. The population according to the 2011 census was 1,129. The municipal unit contains several villages: Iballë, Sapaç, Levosh, Berishë e Vogël, Berishë Vendi, Berishë e Eperme, Shopel and Mërtur.

Fushë-Arrëz
Fushë-Arrëz (Albanian: [ˈfuʃə ˈarəz]; Albanian definite form: Fushë-Arrëzi) is a municipality and town in Shkodër County, northwestern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Blerim, Fierzë, Iballë, Qafë-Mali with Fushë-Arrëz constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate from the 2011 census, there were 2,513 people residing in Fushë-Arrëz and 7,405 in Fushë-Arrëz Municipality. The area of the municipality is 540.42 km2. The etymology of Fushë Arrëz from the Albanian language translates to in English as “Field of nutlets”.
Romeo A. Brawner
Romeo Aliac Brawner (September 17, 1935 – May 29, 2008) was a Filipino public official who served as a Commissioner of the Philippine Commission on Elections (COMELEC) from 2005 until his death from a heart attack in May 2008. From February to March 2008, he served as the acting chair of the COMELEC, by virtue of his being the most senior Commissioner on the commission, replacing Resurreccion Borra on the February 2, 2008 after the latter had retired.

Commission on Elections (Philippines)
The Commission on Elections (Filipino: Komisyon sa Halalan), abbreviated as COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections in the Philippines.

The other two Constitutional Commissions are the Commission on Audit and Civil Service Commission.
Francis Holburne
Admiral Francis Holburne (1704 – 15 July 1771) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He served as commodore and commander-in-chief at the Leeward Islands during the War of the Austrian Succession and then took part in an operation to capture Louisbourg as part of the Louisbourg Expedition during the Seven Years' War. He went on to be Port Admiral at Portsmouth and then Senior Naval Lord. In retirement he became Governor of Greenwich Hospital. He also served as a Member of Parliament.

Greenwich Hospital, London
Greenwich Hospital was a permanent home for retired sailors of the Royal Navy, which operated from 1692 to 1869. Its buildings, initially Greenwich Palace, in Greenwich, London, were later used by the Royal Naval College, Greenwich and the University of Greenwich, and are now known as the Old Royal Naval College. The word "hospital" was used in its original sense of a place providing hospitality for those in need of it, and did not refer to medical care, although the buildings included an infirmary which, after Greenwich Hospital closed, operated as Dreadnought Seaman's Hospital until 1986.

The foundation which operated the hospital still exists, for the benefit of former Royal Navy personnel and their dependants. It now provides sheltered housing on other sites.
Sarah Hendrickson
Sarah Catherine Hendrickson (born August 1, 1994) is an American retired ski jumper. She won the inaugural women's World Cup season in 2012, finished runner-up in 2013, and won an individual gold medal at the 2013 World Championships.

2012–13 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup
The 2012–13 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup was the 34th World Cup season in ski jumping for men, the 16th official World Cup season in ski flying and the 2nd World Cup season for women.

Season began on 23 November 2012 in Lillehammer, Norway and ended on 24 March 2013 in Planica, Slovenia. Women's World Cup began on 24 November 2012 in Lillehammer, Norway and ended on 17 March 2013 in Oslo, Norway.

Austrian ski jumper Gregor Schlierenzauer  won the overall World Cup, the ski flying title and the Four Hills Tournament. Nations Cup and the FIS Team Tour was taken by Team of Norway.

27 men's individual events on 20 different venues in 9 countries and 16 women's individual events on 10 different venues in 6 countries had been organised on two different continents (Europe and Asia). There were also 6 men's team events and 1 mixed team event.

Peaks of the season were FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, the Four Hills Tournament and FIS Team Tour.