hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crenidens
Crenidens is a small genus of three species of seabream from the family Sparidae from the western Indian Ocean. It was previously regarded as monotypic, with the sole species being the Karenteen sea bream Crenidens crenidens but two other species are now accepted as valid species, separate from the type species, C. crenidens.

Crenidens crenidens
Crenidens crenidens, the karanteen seabream or karanteen, is a species of ray-finned fish from the sea bream family Sparidae which was described by the Swedish zoologist Peter Forsskål in 1775. It is native to the western Indian Ocean but has colonised the eastern Mediterranean Sea since 1970. It is one of only three species in genus Crenidens, the others being the little known Crenidens macracanthus and the partially sympatric C. indicus.
Green Bay and Western Railroad
The Green Bay and Western Railroad (reporting mark GBW) served central Wisconsin for almost 100 years before it was absorbed into the Wisconsin Central in 1993.  For much of its history the railroad was also known as the Green Bay Route. At the end of 1970 it operated 322 miles of track on 255 miles of road; that year it reported 317 million ton-miles of revenue freight.

Wisconsin Central Ltd.
Wisconsin Central Ltd. (reporting mark WC) is a railroad subsidiary of Canadian National. At one time, its parent Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation owned or operated railroads in the United States, Canada (Algoma Central Railway), the United Kingdom (English Welsh & Scottish), New Zealand (Tranz Rail), and Australia (Australian Transport Network).
Carabanchel
Carabanchel [kaɾaβanˈtʃel] is a district of Madrid, Spain. It lies on the southern (right) bank of the Manzanares, spanning southward down to the M-40 ring road. The district is made up of the neighbourhoods of Abrantes, Comillas, Opañel, Puerta Bonita, San Isidro and Vista Alegre.

Puerta Bonita (Madrid)
Puerta Bonita is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Carabanchel. It has an area of 1.607994 km2 (0.620850 sq mi). With an area of 0.45 km2 (0.17 sq mi), the Quinta of Vistalegre (a former Royal Site), which is chiefly owned by the regional administration, spreads over much of the neighborhood. The name of the neighborhood (Spanish for "beautiful gate") comes from a former iron gate of the quinta, which was accidentally destroyed in 1982. As of 1 February 2020, it has a population of 36,157.
Patauga jungle boot
The Patauga jungle boot or French Army bush boot (French: chaussure de brousse or chaussure de brousse de l'armée française), commonly known as the "splasher" (Patauga), is a lightweight cotton canvas and rubber boot worn by the members of the French Armed Forces when deployed overseas. First introduced in the late 1940s, the Patauga boot, along with the French M1949 Bush Hat, became an icon associated with France's decolonization wars in Indochina and Algeria throughout the 1950s and 1960s. The Pataugas boots were popular not only among members of the French military, but also among civilians engaging in outdoor activities. Its design was subsequently copied and adopted by several militaries worldwide.

Jungle boot
Jungle boots are a type of combat boot designed for use in jungle warfare or in hot, wet, and humid environments where a standard leather combat boot would be uncomfortable or unsuitable to wear. Jungle boots have vent holes in the arches and sometimes a canvas upper to aid in ventilation and drainage of moisture.
Andrzej Strzelecki
Andrzej Tadeusz Strzelecki (4 February 1952 – 17 July 2020), was a Polish actor, satirist, theatre director, screenplay writer and rector of the Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw in the years 2008–2016.

Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art
The Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw (Polish: Akademia Teatralna im. Aleksandra Zelwerowicza w Warszawie) is a public higher education institution in Warsaw, Poland. Its focus is on the theatre arts. It is headquartered in the Collegium Nobilium, an eighteenth-century building which formerly housed an elite boarding secondary school run by Piarist monks.
G. Wayne Clough
Gerald Wayne Clough (/ˈklʌf/; born September 24, 1941) is an American civil engineer and educator who is President Emeritus of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) and former Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. A graduate of Georgia Tech in civil engineering, he was the first alumnus to serve as President of the Institute.

The Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons, which officially opened its doors in August 2011, is named in his honor. Clough has garnered many other awards and honors, including the title of President Emeritus, two Norman Medals, eight honorary degrees, and membership in the National Science Board.

Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons
The G. Wayne Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons (Clough Commons), commonly referred to by its acronym CULC, is an academic building on the main campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The five-story, 220,000 sq ft (20,000 m2) building houses classrooms, science laboratories, academic services, and common areas and is managed by and connected to the Georgia Tech Library. Named in honor of President Emeritus G. Wayne Clough, the Clough Commons cost $85 million and opened in the fall of 2011.

The building serves as an interdisciplinary facility to encourage collaboration and technologically enhanced teaching and learning. The Clough Commons, which was built with LEED certification in mind, contains various sustainability features and a roof garden, demonstrating Georgia Tech's commitment to sustainable design. In August 2012, the building, staged as a building within Googleplex, was a major piece of the set of the 2013 film The Internship.
Sandile kaNgqika
King Sandile kaNgqika (c. 1820– 29 May 1878), known as 'Aa! Mgolombane!,' was the Right-Hand Paramount chief of the Xhosa Kingdom. A dynamic leader, he led the Xhosa armies in several of the Xhosa-British Wars.

Having recently been equipped with modern fire-arms, Sandile's forces successfully inflicted losses on the British that led to Sandile gaining a reputation as a Xhosa warrior. He was captured during the War of the Axe in 1847, but on his release he was granted land in "British Kaffraria" for his people.

He later supported his cousin brother Sarhili (Kreli), King of the entire Xhosa Nation of Great house, in a war against the Cape Colony and the Fingo tribe, and he was killed in 1878 in a shootout with Fingo soldiers.

Xhosa Wars
The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch colonial empire in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa.

Tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivaling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.

The conflicts between the Xhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.
Massimo Morsello
Massimo Morsello (10 November 1958 in Rome – 10 March 2001) was an Italian fascist, political singer-songwriter. He was the main figure of Italian fascist political music and, with Roberto Fiore, a co-founder of the Italian neo-fascist movement Forza Nuova. He was born in Rome on 10 November 1958. He died in London on 10 March 2001.

Roberto Fiore
Roberto Fiore (born 15 April 1959) is an Italian far-right politician and convicted criminal who has been the leader of the party, Forza Nuova,  since its foundation in 1997, as well as president of the Alliance for Peace and Freedom since 2015. He briefly served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Central Italy from 2008 until 2009.

Fiore was convicted in Italy for subversion and armed gang activity and for his links to the right-wing terrorist organization "Terza posizione" (Third position). He self-identifies as a neo-fascist.
Brancaster
Brancaster is a village and civil parish on the north coast of the English county Norfolk. It is about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the town Burnham Market, 22 miles (35 km) north of the town King's Lynn and 31 miles (50 km) north-west of the city Norwich. The parish includes the villages Brancaster and Brancaster Staithe and the former parish Burnham Deepdale, all of which lie along the A149 road. The Roman settlement Branodunum is on the edge of the village Brancaster.

The parish has an area of 8.27 square miles (21.4 km2) and at the 2011 census had a population of 797 in 406 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is on the North Sea coast, with the villages bordering Brancaster Manor marshes. Scolt Head Island, a barrier island designated as a National Nature Reserve within the neighbouring parish Burnham Norton, is immediately to the north of much the parish boundary.

Brancaster Manor
Brancaster Manor is a salt marsh owned by the National Trust  near Brancaster, Norfolk, covering 810 ha (2,000 acres). It was originally purchased by the Brancaster Memorial Trust in 1964, and transferred to the National Trust in 1967. It is leased to Brancaster Staithe Fishermen's Society.

It was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1968, and in 1986 it was subsumed into the 7,700 ha (19,000 acres) North Norfolk Coast Site of Special Scientific Interest. The larger area is now additionally protected through Natura 2000, Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar listings, and is part of the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
Halifax County, North Carolina
Halifax County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,622. Its county seat is Halifax. Halifax County is part of the Roanoke Rapids, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rocky Mount-Wilson-Roanoke Rapids, NC Combined Statistical Area.

Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina
Roanoke Rapids (/ˈroʊəˌnoʊk/) is a city in Halifax County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 15,229 at the 2020 census and is the largest community in Halifax County. It is the principal city of the Roanoke Rapids Micropolitan Statistical Area, and is also an anchor city of the Rocky Mount-Wilson-Roanoke Rapids CSA, with a total population of 297,726 as of 2018.
Sacraments of the Catholic Church
There are seven sacraments of the Catholic Church, which according to Catholic theology were instituted by Jesus Christ and entrusted to the Church. Sacraments are visible rites seen as signs and efficacious channels of the grace of God to all those who receive them with the proper disposition.

The sacraments are often classified into three categories: the sacraments of initiation (into the Catholic Church and the mystical body of Christ), consisting of baptism, confirmation, and the Eucharist; the sacraments of healing, consisting of penance and the anointing of the sick; and the sacraments of service: holy orders and matrimony. Furthermore, baptism and penance were also known as the "sacraments of the dead" (in the meaning that the souls of the sinners which are regarded dead before God may obtain life through these sacraments), whereas the other five are collectively the "sacraments of the living".

Penance in the Catholic Church
The sacrament of penance (also commonly called the reconciliation or confession) is one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church (known in Eastern Christianity as sacred mysteries). Through this sacrament, the faithful are absolved of sins committed after baptism and reconciled with the Christian community. During reconciliation, mortal sins must be confessed and venial sins may be confessed for devotional reasons. According to the dogma and unchanging practice of the church, only those ordained as priests may grant absolution.
Jaipur-Atrauli gharana
The Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana (also known as Jaipur Gharana, Atrauli-Jaipur Gharana, and Alladiyakhani Gayaki) is a Hindustani music apprenticeship fraternity (gharana), founded by Alladiya Khan in the late-19th century. Evolved from the dhrupad tradition of the Atrauli and Dagarbani lineages, but known for khayal, this gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Laxmibai Jadhav, Mogubai Kurdikar, Mallikarjun Mansur, Shruti Sadolikar, Dhondutai Kulkarni, and Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande. Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctive vocal aesthetics, raga repertoire, and technical aptitude.

Kesarbai Kerkar
Kesarbai Kerkar (13 July 1892 – 16 September 1976 (?)
) was an Indian classical vocalist of the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana. A protege of Ustad Alladiya Khan (1855–1946), the founder of the gharana, she went on to become one of the most noted khayal singers of the second half of the 20th century.

She was 67 when she was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1953, followed by Padma Bhushan the third highest civilian award in India, in 1969. One of her recordings is included on the Voyager Golden Record.
Semantics (programming languages)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs.

Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation.

Syntax (programming languages)
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax error occurs when syntactically invalid source code is processed by a tool such as a compiler or interpreter.

The most commonly used languages are text-based with syntax based on strings. Alternatively, the syntax of a visual programming language is based on relationships between graphical elements.

When designing syntax, a designer of any language might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings, before trying to figure out the general rules from those examples in use. Such that its general structure of syntax can be determined through its form of composition, so to yield semantically valid ranges everytime for each possible alteration. Or else, it returns errors, and warnings, for each invalid input.
Grant Munro (ice hockey)
Warren Grant Munro (August 7, 1936 – December 30, 2019) was a Canadian ice hockey defenseman who was an All-American for Denver and helped the team win consecutive national championships in the early-1960s.

Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey
The Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Denver. They play at Magness Arena in Denver, Colorado. The Pioneers are a member of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC). Previously, they were members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), from its creation in 1959 until 2013.

The Pioneers have won the most all-time NCAA National Hockey Championships with ten (1958, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 2004, 2005, 2017, 2022, 2024). The Pioneers have won 15 regular season conference championships (13 WCHA, 2 NCHC) and 14 conference playoff championships (15 WCHA, 2 NCHC).

Over 80 Pioneers have gone on to play in the National Hockey League, including Keith Magnuson, Kevin Dineen, Matt Carle (2006 Hobey Baker Award winner), Paul Stastny and Troy Terry.
Amei Wallach
Amei Wallach is an American film director, producer, art critic journalist, and author from New York. Her documentaries profiling artists include: Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, The Mistress and the Tangerine (2008), Ilya and Emilia Kabakov: Enter Here (2013), and Taking Venice (release date May 17, 2024) . Her writings have appeared in the New York Times, Smithsonian, Vanity Fair, and Art in America, and numerous publications. From 2000 to 2005, Wallach served as president of the U.S. Section of the International Association of Art Critics (AICA/USA).

Ilya Kabakov
Ilya Iosifovich Kabakov (Ukrainian: Ілля Йосипович Кабаков; Russian: Илья́ Ио́сифович Кабако́в; September 30, 1933 – May 27, 2023) was an American and Soviet conceptual artist, born in Dnipropetrovsk in what was then the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union, now Ukraine. He worked for thirty years in Moscow, from the 1950s until the late 1980s. After emigrating to the United States he lived and worked on Long Island.
NaVorro Bowman
NaVorro Roderick Bowman (born May 28, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He most recently served as the linebackers coach for the Los Angeles Chargers. Bowman played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions and was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the third round of the 2010 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Oakland Raiders.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Lisa Andreas
Lisa Jayne Porter (née Large; 22 December 1987), better known by the stage name Lisa Andreas (Greek: Λίζα Αντρέας), is an English-Cypriot singer, dancer and artist, best known for representing Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Stronger Every Minute".

Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004
Cyprus was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Stronger Every Minute", written by Mike Connaris, and performed by Lisa Andreas. The Cypriot participating broadcaster, the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (CyBC), selected its entry through a 10-song national final on 17 February 2004. While originally containing some lyrics in Greek, Andreas performed an English-only version of the song at the contest. Songwriter Connaris had twice written a runner up in Eurovision selection process for the United Kingdom.

To promote the entry, a music video was filmed in the United Kingdom and released prior to the contest. Cyprus was drawn to compete 14th in the contest's semi-final, held on 12 May 2004 and placed fifth, qualifying for the 15 May final. At the final, the nation's entry was performed 21st on the night and placed fifth out of the 24 competing entries with 170 points.
Derviş Zaim
Derviş Zaim (born Derviş Zaimağaoğlu in 1964) is a Turkish Cypriot filmmaker and novelist, who has twice won the Golden Orange for Best Director for Elephants and Grass (2000) and Dot (2008); Golden Oranges for Best Film and Best Screenplay for Somersault in a Coffin (1996); and the Yunus Nadi literary prize for his debut novel Ares in Wonderland (1995).

Somersault in a Coffin
Somersault in a Coffin (Turkish: Tabutta Rövaşata) is a 1996 Turkish film, written and directed by Derviş Zaim, about a homeless criminal and car thief. The film, which was released on November 15, 1996 (1996-11-15), received awards at several international film festivals including the Golden Orange for best film at the Antalya International Film Festival.
Charles Eisendrath
Charles R. Eisendrath (born October 9, 1940, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American journalist, professor and inventor.

He is most notable for being the director of the Knight-Wallace Fellowships at the University of Michigan, and credited with turning it into one of American journalism's most prestigious university programs. He is a long-time Time correspondent. He is also notable for his invention of a wood-burning grill called Grillworks.

Eisendrath is also an on-air contributor to C-SPAN television.

He received national attention in 1973 when he was the onsite reporter for Time in Santiago during the coup that overthrew the Marxist government of Salvador Allende, and securing the first ever post-coup interview with new dictator Augusto Pinochet.

Knight-Wallace Fellowship
The Knight-Wallace Fellowship (previously known as the NEH Journalism Fellowship and the Michigan Journalism Fellowship) is an award given to accomplished journalists at the University of Michigan. Knight-Wallace Fellowships are awarded to reporters, editors, photographers, producers, editorial writers and cartoonists, with at least five years of full-time, professional experience in the news media.

The fellows attend mandatory seminars twice weekly, and each fellow pursues an independent study plan that involves auditing University of Michigan classes and working with a faculty advisor. International travel is an important part of the fellowship, with annual trips to Argentina, Brazil, and Turkey.

Fellows are given a stipend of $90,000 plus $5,000 for relocation, paid in monthly installments from September to April. The fellowship home is at the Wallace House in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Nick Smith (British politician)
Nicholas Desmond John Smith (born 14 January 1960) is a Welsh politician serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Blaenau Gwent and Rhymney, previously Blaenau Gwent, since 2010. A member of the Labour Party, he served as a Member of Camden Council from 1998 to 2006.

Blaenau Gwent (UK Parliament constituency)
Blaenau Gwent was a constituency in South Wales, that was represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2010 to 2024 by Nick Smith of the Labour Party.

The constituency was abolished as part of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies and under the June 2023 final recommendations of the Boundary Commission for Wales. The entire constituency became part of Blaenau Gwent and Rhymney.
Popponids
The Popponids were a Frankish dynasty flourising in the early 9th century that originated from Grabfeld. They are named after their descent from Poppo of Grapfeld, who in turn descended from the Robertians. The Popponids gradually evolved into the Elder (or Franconian) House of Babenberg. They were related to the Luitpoldings.

Various dynasties are thought to be descending from them, most importantly the Younger (or Austrian) House of Babenberg, who named themselves after the Elder House of Babenberg although their precise linkage cannot yet be proven. But the Wittelsbach, the Henneberg, the Schweinfurt and the Babonids are also thought to be descending from the Popponids.

House of Babenberg
The House of Babenberg was a noble dynasty of Austrian Dukes and Margraves. Descending from the Popponids and originally from Bamberg in the Duchy of Franconia (present-day Bavaria), the Babenbergs ruled the imperial Margraviate of Austria from its creation in 976 AD until its elevation to a duchy in 1156, and from then until the extinction of the line in 1246, whereafter they were succeeded by the House of Habsburg.