hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick Pullar
Frederick Pattison Pullar FRSE FRGS FRSGS (20 January 1875 – 16 February 1901) was a 19th century Scottish meteorologist who served as Sir John Murray's right-hand for his short career. He is often referred to simply as Fred Pullar.

John Murray (oceanographer)
Sir John Murray KCB FRS FRSE FRSGS (3 March 1841 – 16 March 1914) was a pioneering Canadian-born British oceanographer, marine biologist and limnologist. He is considered to be the father of modern oceanography.
Karina Constantino David
Karina Roxas Constantino David (March 19, 1946 – May 7, 2019) was a Filipino activist, public servant, and musician best known for being a former chairperson of the Civil Service Commission of the Philippines, and for her opposition to the Martial Law dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos as part of the activist duo "Inang Laya". She also served as the chairperson of the Career Executive Service Board, a government entity supervising the top management personnel of the Philippine government. She was a member of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) Board of Trustees.

David was the wife of professor emeritus Randy David of the University of the Philippines Diliman and daughter of the renowned historian Renato Constantino. She was also the mother of journalist Kara David and UP Diliman geology professor Dr. Carlos Primo David.

Randy David
Randolf "Randy" Siongco David (born January 8, 1946) is a Filipino journalist, sociologist, and public intellectual. He is a professor emeritus of sociology at the University of the Philippines Diliman. The Philippine Daily Inquirer runs his weekly column "Public Lives" even as ABS-CBN once gave him a position of independent director of the media company.
David Himmelstein
David U. Himmelstein is an American academic physician specializing in internal medicine. He is a distinguished professor of public health and health policy in the CUNY School of Public Health at Hunter College, an adjunct clinical professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and a lecturer at Harvard Medical School.

He is the co-founder, with Steffie Woolhandler, of Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP), an organization advocating for single-payer healthcare in the United States.

Steffie Woolhandler
Stephanie Joan "Steffie" Woolhandler (born 1950 or 1951 in Shreveport, Louisiana) is an American primary care physician and medical researcher. An advocate for single-payer health insurance in the United States, she is a co-founder and board member of Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP).

She is Distinguished Professor of Public Health and Health Policy at the CUNY School of Public Health at Hunter College and an adjunct clinical professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

She is also a lecturer in medicine at Harvard Medical School, where she formerly co-directed the general internal medicine internship program.
Severomorsk-2
Severomorsk-2 (also Safonovo-1 (USSR), Murmansk Northeast (US)) is a naval air base in Murmansk Oblast, Russia located 7 km southwest of Severomorsk and 11 km northeast of Murmansk.

The primary operator of Severomorsk-2 (after 1965 Safonvo-1) was 403 ODLAP (403rd Independent Long Range Aviation Regiment) operating Beriev Be-12PS search and rescue aircraft. It is a relatively small airfield compared to nearby Severomorsk-1, and was closed in 1998.

The base was home to the:

38th Independent Shipborne Anti-Submarine Helicopter Regiment between 1981 and 1993.

912th Independent Transport Aviation Regiment until 1960

830th Independent Shipborne Anti-Submarine Helicopter Regiment between 1960 and 2001.

524th Fighter Aviation Regiment VVS VMF between 1952 and 1960.

In mid-2022, Admiral Aleksandr Alekseyevich Moiseyev announced that the air base would be reconstructed.

Severomorsk-1
Severomorsk-1 , formerly known as Vayenga-1,  is a naval air base in Murmansk Oblast, Russia 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Severomorsk (formerly called Vayenga).  It one of the largest airfields on the Kola Peninsula, second only to Olenya.  It can accommodate over 40 bombers and a small number of fighters.

The base is home to the 403rd Independent Composite Aviation Regiment, 830th Independent Shipborne Antisubmarine Helicopter Regiment and the 216th Independent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron.
K-254 (Kansas highway)
K-254 is a 27.369-mile-long (44.046 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Kansas and links Wichita to El Dorado. K-254 begins at the intersection of Interstate 135 (I-135), I-235, U.S. Route 81 (US-81), K-15 and K-96 north of  Wichita. It bypasses Kechi, Benton and Towanda, ending in downtown El Dorado at an intersection with US-54 and US-77. It is limited access from I-135 to just east of Kechi. It is then four-lane divided with at grade intersections to El Dorado with the exception of a diamond interchange at K-196. There is a stoplight interchange with I-35/Kansas Turnpike on the west side of El Dorado.

Interstate 235 (Kansas)
Interstate 235 (I-235) in Kansas is a 16.52-mile-long (26.59 km) north–south bypass spur route of I-35 that travels through the western part of Wichita. Its northern terminus is at an interchange with I-135/U.S. Highway 81 (US-81)/K-15/K-96/K-254 north of the city, where the freeway continues east as K-254. The southern is at I-135/US-81 shortly before US-81 separates from I-135 and I-135 connects to I-35 (here known as the Kansas Turnpike) at I-135's own southern terminus.
New York State Route 156
New York State Route 156 (NY 156) is a state highway in Albany County, New York. NY 156 begins at a junction with NY 443 in the town of Berne. Serving the hamlet of Knox and the village of Altamont, NY 156 soon reaches the town of Voorheesville and ends at a junction with NY 85A.

New York State Route 85A
New York State Route 85A (NY 85A) is an east–west state highway in Albany County, New York, in the United States. It serves as a 5.54-mile (8.92 km), two-lane alternate route of NY 85 through the town of New Scotland, running from the hamlet of New Salem to the hamlet of New Scotland. While NY 85 bypasses the village of Voorheesville to the south, NY 85A directly serves it, connecting to two state routes inside of the village limits. The route was assigned c. 1932 to its current alignment.
HMS Spearfish
HMS Spearfish was a second-batch S-class submarine built during the 1930s for the Royal Navy. Completed in 1936, the boat participated in the Second World War. The submarine was one of the 12 boats named in the song "Twelve Little S-Boats". So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to be named Spearfish.

British S-class submarine (1931)
The S-class submarines of the Royal Navy were originally designed and built during the modernisation of the submarine force in the early 1930s to meet the need for smaller boats to patrol the restricted waters of the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, replacing the British H-class submarines. As part of the major naval construction for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, the S class became the single largest group of submarines ever built for the Royal Navy. A total of 62 were constructed over a period of 15 years, with fifty of the "improved" S class being launched between 1940 and 1945.

At the start of the Second World War the S class was together with the British U and T class, Dutch O 21 class and German Type VII one of the most advanced submarine classes in service at the time.
Bell–LaPadula model
The Bell–LaPadula model (BLP) is a state-machine model used for enforcing access control in government and military applications. It was developed by David Elliott Bell, and Leonard J. LaPadula, subsequent to strong guidance from Roger R. Schell, to formalize the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) multilevel security (MLS) policy. The model is a formal state transition model of computer security policy that describes a set of access control rules which use security labels on objects and clearances for subjects. Security labels range from the most sensitive (e.g., "Top Secret"), down to the least sensitive (e.g., "Unclassified" or "Public").

Multilevel security
Multilevel security or multiple levels of security (MLS) is the application of a computer system to process information with incompatible classifications (i.e., at different security levels), permit access by users with different security clearances and needs-to-know, and prevent users from obtaining access to information for which they lack authorization.

There are two contexts for the use of multilevel security. One context is to refer to a system that is adequate to protect itself from subversion and has robust mechanisms to separate information domains, that is, trustworthy. Another context is to refer to an application of a computer that will require the computer to be strong enough to protect itself from subversion, and have adequate mechanisms to separate information domains, that is, a system we must trust. This distinction is important because systems that need to be trusted are not necessarily trustworthy.
Manchu alphabet
The Manchu alphabet (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ, Möllendorff: manju hergen, Abkai: manju hergen) is the alphabet used to write the now critically endangered Manchu language. A similar script called Xibe script is used today by the Xibe people, whose language is considered either a dialect of Manchu or a closely related, mutually intelligible language. It is written vertically from top to bottom, with columns proceeding from left to right.

Xibe language
The Xibe language (Xibe: ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡤᡞᠰᡠᠨ, romanized: sibe gisun, also Sibo, Sibe) is a Tungusic language spoken by members of the Sibe minority of Xinjiang, in Northwest China. With over 30 thousand speakers, it is the most widely spoken Tungusic language, accounting for over half of all speakers of Tungusic languages.
Interstate 135
Interstate 135 (I-135) is an approximately 95.7-mile-long (154.0 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway in central and south-central Kansas, United States. I-135, which is signed as north–south, runs between I-35 and the Kansas Turnpike in Wichita north to I-70, U.S. Highway 40 (US-40), and US-81 in Salina. Except for the first 0.46 miles (0.74 km), I-135 overlaps US-81 its entire length. The route also runs through the cities of McPherson, Newton, and Park City.

The highway was designated as Interstate 35W (I-35W) until September 1976, when it was renumbered as I-135 to conform to new AASHTO policies that eliminated most suffixed Interstate Highways. It is currently the longest three-digit spur with an odd first digit in the Interstate System.

Interstate 70 in Kansas
Interstate 70 (I-70) is a mainline route of the Interstate Highway System in the United States connecting Cove Fort, Utah, to Baltimore, Maryland. In the US state of Kansas, I-70 extends just over 424 miles (682 km) from the Colorado border near the town of Kanorado to the Missouri border in Kansas City. I-70 in Kansas contains the first segment in the country to start being paved and to be completed in the Interstate Highway System. The route passes through several of the state's principal cities in the process, including Kansas City, Topeka, and Salina. The route also passes through the cities of Lawrence, Junction City, and Abilene.

The section of I-70 from Topeka to the Missouri border is co-designated as the Kansas Turnpike; only the section between Topeka and just west of Kansas City is tolled.
Iczer Reborn
Iczer Reborn, known in Japan as Adventure! Iczer-3 (冒険!イクサー3, Bōken! Ikusā-3), is a 6-episode Original Video Animation series. It is the sequel to Fight!! Iczer One. Although originally released in North America on VHS and Laserdisc under the title "Iczer-3" (taken from its Japanese name), Central Park Media renamed it "Iczer Reborn" for the DVD release.

A sound novel trilogy, based on the manga version of the OVA and released as Adventure!! Iczer-3 (冒険!!イクサー3, Bōken!! Ikusā 3), functions as a sequel to the manga version of Fight!! Iczer-1, and features a 19-year-old Nagisa Kanō as the main heroine. The trilogy was released on three cassette tapes prior to the OVA.

Fight! Iczer One
Iczer One, known in Japan as Fight! Iczer-1 (戦え!!イクサー1, Tatakae!! Ikusā Wan), is a 1983 sci-fi horror and yuri manga published in the hentai magazine Lemon People. It was created by Aran Rei. In 1985 the story was adapted into a three part Original Video Animation directed by Toshihiro Hirano. The story is of an alien invasion of Earth, which is opposed by Iczer-One and her schoolgirl companion Nagisa. Together they can pilot the Iczer-Robo, a giant humanoid robot. The story features strong body horror.

Iczer-1 also featured two "sound novel" dramas released. The first sound novel was released on an LP record, and was based on the first volume of the Iczer-1 manga, entitled Golden Warrior Iczer-One. The second drama CD is a crossover with the anime Dangaioh.
Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer. With Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge and William Alfred Fowler, he formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis in the influential B2FH paper.

He held controversial views on some scientific matters — in particular, in his rejection of the "Big Bang" theory (a term he jokingly coined on BBC Radio, though he later denied doing so in derision) in favour of a "steady-state model", and his promotion of panspermia as the origin of life on Earth.

He spent most of his working life at St John's College, Cambridge, and served as the founding director of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy at Cambridge.

Hoyle also wrote science fiction novels, short stories, and radio plays, co-created television serials, and co-authored twelve books with his son, Geoffrey Hoyle.

Steady-state model
In cosmology, the steady-state model or steady-state theory was an alternative to the Big Bang theory. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged due to a continuous creation of matter,  thus adhering to the perfect cosmological principle, a principle that says that the observable universe is always the same at any time and any place. A static universe, where space is not expanding, also obeys the perfect cosmological principle, but it cannot explain astronomical observations consistent with expansion of space.

From the 1940s to the 1960s, the astrophysical community was divided between supporters of the Big Bang theory and supporters of the steady-state theory. The steady-state model is now rejected by most cosmologists, astrophysicists, and astronomers.
The observational evidence points to a hot Big Bang cosmology with a finite age of the universe, which the steady-state model does not predict.
Clear Lake, Iowa
Clear Lake is a city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,687 at the 2020 census.  The city is named for the large natural lake on which it is located. Clear Lake is known for its rock and roll heritage, water sports, nearby state parks, and as a sailing destination.

Clear Lake is located on Interstate 35 and serves as a regional hub with nearby Mason City for north-central Iowa. The city is included in the Mason City, IA Micropolitan Area along with all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties.

Mason City micropolitan area
The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in north central Iowa, anchored by the city of Mason City the county seat of Cerro Gordo County, Iowa. This regional area is known locally as the North Iowa Corridor. The other cities within this micropolitan area with populations over 2,000 are Clear Lake and Northwood.

As of the 2000 census, the area had a population of 54,356 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 51,150).
John Boyd (military strategist)
John Richard Boyd (January 23, 1927 – March 9, 1997) was a United States Air Force fighter pilot and Pentagon consultant during the second half of the 20th century. His theories have been highly influential in military, business, and litigation strategies and planning.

Boyd authored “Aerial Attack Study” (immediately classified) in 1960. As leader of the Fighter Mafia, he is claimed to have inspired the Lightweight Fighter program (LWF), which produced the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon and preceded McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet. Boyd, together with Thomas Christie, created the Energy–Maneuverability theory of aerial combat (also immediately classified), which eventually (upon declassification) became the world standard for the design of fighter aircraft. He also developed the decision cycle known as the OODA loop, the process by which an entity reacts to an event.

Thomas P. Christie
Thomas Philip Christie (born May 28, 1934 in Pensacola, Florida) is an American defense analyst who worked for the U.S. government.

Christie graduated from Spring Hill College with a B.S. degree in mathematics in May 1955 and from New York University with an M.S. degree in applied mathematics in September 1962.

Christie served for nine years as director of the operational evaluation division (OED) at the Institute for Defense Analyses, a federally funded research and development center. Christie was responsible for independent analyses of more than two hundred major test and evaluation programs and was also involved in weapons testing.

Christie became director of Operational Test and Evaluation in June 2001.
Boron nitride
Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN. It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice. The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products. The cubic (zincblende aka sphalerite structure) variety analogous to diamond is called c-BN; it is softer than diamond, but its thermal and chemical stability is superior.

Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and metal casting. Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology.

Graphite
Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.  Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost, thermal and chemical inertness and characteristic conductivity of heat and electricity finds numerous applications in high energy and high temperature processes.
Pennsylvania Route 910
Pennsylvania Route 910 (PA 910) is an east–west state highway in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Area. It travels nineteen miles (31 km) between Interstate 79 (I-79) in Wexford and PA 28 in Harmarville.

Pennsylvania Route 28
Pennsylvania Route 28 (PA 28) is a major state highway, which runs for 98 miles (158 km) from Anderson Street in Pittsburgh to U.S. Route 219 (US 219) in Brockway in Pennsylvania in the United States.

From Pittsburgh to Kittanning, it is a 44.5-mile-long (71.6 km) limited access expressway that is named the Alexander H. Lindsay Memorial Highway, and is also known as the Allegheny Valley Expressway. It is named after Alexander Lindsay, a lawyer who lived in South Buffalo and commuted to work in Pittsburgh; he successfully lobbied for the city to be connected to the proposed Keystone Shortway (I-80).
Forest Park, Illinois
Forest Park (formerly Harlem) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a suburb of Chicago. The population was 14,339 at the 2020 census. The Forest Park terminal on the CTA Blue Line is the line's western terminus, located on the Eisenhower Expressway at Des Plaines Avenue. This makes it one of just two municipalities served by the Chicago "L" train network that does not directly border Chicago (the other being Wilmette).

Forest Park station
Forest Park is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, located in the village of Forest Park, Illinois and serving the Blue Line. Before the Congress Line was built, it served as terminal for the Garfield Line. It is the western terminus of the Forest Park branch. The station was known as Des Plaines until 1994. It is also referred to as the Forest Park Transit Center by Pace because it is a major terminal for Pace buses. The station contains a 1,051-space Park and Ride lot which uses the "Pay and Display" system, in which fees are paid at the lot entrance. It is located south of the Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad tracks which curve to the north of the station towards Madison Street where
the line rechristens itself to the Canadian National Railway's Waukesha Subdivision.
Ma On Shan station
Ma On Shan (Chinese: 馬鞍山) is an elevated station on the Tuen Ma line of Hong Kong. It is located above Sai Sha Road, at the town centre of Ma On Shan, between Sunshine City and Bayshore Towers. It also serves other residential areas like Kam Ying Court and Chung On Estate; it also serves over ten schools, and is in close proximity with Ma On Shan Park and other parks.

The pattern featured on the platform pillar and glass barrier symbolizes the abandoned iron mine that used to be in Ma On Shan peak.

Ma On Shan (town)
22°25′19″N 114°13′57″E﻿ / ﻿22.42194°N 114.23250°E﻿ / 22.42194; 114.23250

Ma On Shan (Chinese: 馬鞍山) is a new town along the eastern coast of Tolo Harbour in the New Territories of Hong Kong. The neighbourhood takes its name from the twin peaks of Ma On Shan, which are partially located within the town.

Although it was initially an extension of Sha Tin New Town, Ma On Shan has its own town centre and various government facilities, and is now classified as a separate new town in government reports. Administratively, it belongs to Sha Tin District.
Benjamin Franklin Cameron
Benjamin Franklin Cameron (December 14, 1890 – April 3, 1964) was an American jurist from the state of Mississippi. He served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit from 1955 to 1964. The Fifth Circuit was a key court during the civil rights era in the 1950s and 1960s as it covered Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, all of which had varying levels of racial segregation. During his tenure, Cameron, a segregationist, often found himself in the minority of civil-rights cases, with a group of more liberal judges, known as the Fifth Circuit Four, overturning Jim Crow laws. Shortly before his death, he charged the Chief Judge of the circuit with purposefully assigning these judges to cases with the intent of overturning segregation.

Fifth Circuit Four
The "Fifth Circuit Four" (or simply "The Four") were four judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit who, during the late 1950s, became known for a series of decisions (which continued into the late 1960s) crucial in advancing the civil and political rights of African Americans. At that time, the Fifth Circuit included not only Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas (the limits of its jurisdiction since October 1, 1981), but also Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and the Panama Canal Zone.