hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Backbone-dependent rotamer library
In biochemistry, a backbone-dependent rotamer library provides the frequencies, mean dihedral angles, and standard deviations of the discrete conformations (known as rotamers) of the amino acid side chains in proteins as a function of the backbone dihedral angles φ and ψ of the Ramachandran map. By contrast, backbone-independent rotamer libraries express the frequencies and mean dihedral angles for all side chains in proteins, regardless of the backbone conformation of each residue type. Backbone-dependent rotamer libraries have been shown to have significant advantages over backbone-independent rotamer libraries, principally when used as an energy term, by speeding up search times of side-chain packing algorithms used in protein structure prediction and protein design.

Protein structure prediction
Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of its secondary and tertiary structure from primary structure. Structure prediction is different from the inverse problem of protein design.

Protein structure prediction is one of the most important goals pursued by computational biology and addresses Levinthal's paradox. Accurate structure prediction has important applications in medicine (for example, in drug design) and biotechnology (for example, in novel enzyme design).

Starting in 1994, the performance of current methods is assessed biennially in the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP) experiment. A continuous evaluation of protein structure prediction web servers is performed by the community project Continuous Automated Model EvaluatiOn (CAMEO3D).
Party of Alenka Bratušek
The Party of Alenka Bratušek (Slovene: Stranka Alenke Bratušek, SAB) was a political party in Slovenia. The party was formed from a split from Positive Slovenia in May 2014, and merged into the Freedom Movement in June 2022. The party participated in both the Bratušek and Šarec governments.

Positive Slovenia
Positive Slovenia (Slovene: Pozitivna Slovenija, PS) was a centre-left political party in Slovenia, following April 2014 led by founder Zoran Janković. The party was founded under the name Zoran Janković's List – Positive Slovenia. It was renamed to Positive Slovenia in its second congress, held on 21 January 2012.
KDLS (AM)
KDLS (1310 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Perry, Iowa. It is owned by M&M Broadcasting and broadcasts an adult contemporary format. Although both stations share the same call letters, KDLS AM does not have the same ownership as KDLS-FM.

The KDLS antenna system uses three towers arranged in a directional array that concentrates the signal toward the west.  The towers are located east of Perry near the intersection of U.S. Route 169 and Iowa Highway 141.

Perry, Iowa
Perry is a city in Dallas County, Iowa, United States, along the North Raccoon River. The population was 7,836 at the time of the 2020 Census. It is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area.
9th Wonder
Patrick Denard Douthit (born January 15, 1975), better known as 9th Wonder, is an American record producer, record executive, and DJ from Winston-Salem, North Carolina, who is also teaching faculty at North Carolina Central University and Duke University, where he collaborates with Professor Mark Anthony Neal.

He began his career as the main producer for the group Little Brother in Durham, North Carolina, and has also worked with Jay-Z, Destiny's Child, Jean Grae, Wale, Murs, Buckshot, Erykah Badu, David Banner, Rapsody, and Talib Kweli. As of 2010, 9th Wonder raps under the name of 9thmatic. 9th Wonder's production often builds on samples from artists such as Al Green and Curtis Mayfield.

Talib Kweli
Talib Kweli Greene (/tæˈlɪb kwɑːˈliː/; born October 3, 1975) is an American rapper. He is one half of the hip-hop duo Black Star, which he formed in 1997 with fellow Brooklyn rapper Mos Def. Their 1998 single, "Definition", entered the Billboard Hot 100 and preceded their eponymous debut album (1998), which entered the Billboard 200. The duo then began pursuing solo careers, although one further Black Star album — No Fear of Time (2022) — has been released.

In 2011, Kweli founded his own record label, Javotti Media.
American Mining Congress
The American Mining Congress (AMC) was an association of mining groups and is noted for initiatives that promoted the interest of the mining industry. It later merged with the National Coal Association (NCA) to form the National Mining Association in 1995.

National Mining Association
The National Mining Association (NMA) is a United States trade organization that lists itself as the voice of the mining industry in Washington, D.C. The NMA was formed in 1995, and has more than 250 corporate members.
Body Blows Galactic
Body Blows Galactic is a fighting game developed and published by Team17 in 1993 for the Amiga computers. It is a sequel to 1992's Body Blows. Opponents and background graphics from both games were later merged into the compilation release Ultimate Body Blows.

Body Blows
Body Blows is a 1993 fighting game developed and published by Team17 for the Amiga. A version for MS-DOS followed the same year. The game has been compared to Street Fighter II. It was followed by Body Blows Galactic and Ultimate Body Blows.
St. Cloud and Sugar Belt Railway
The St. Cloud and Sugar Belt Railway (also known as simply the Sugar Belt Railway) was a historic railroad in Central Florida that ran from Kissimmee to St. Cloud and Narcoossee.  It was founded in 1888 by Hamilton Disston to provide service to his sugar mill on East Lake Tohopekaliga in what would become St. Cloud.  It also transported vegetables and produce from farms in Runnymeade and Narcoossee.  The line was later owned by the South Florida Railroad and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, operating as their Narcoossee Branch.  The line was abandoned in 1942.

South Florida Railroad
The South Florida Railroad was a railroad from Sanford, Florida, to Tampa, Florida, becoming part of the Plant System in 1893 and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902.  It served as the southernmost segment of the Atlantic Coast Line's main line.  The line remains in service today and is now part of the Central Florida Rail Corridor in the Orlando metro area.  The rest of the line remains under the ownership of CSX Transportation as part of their A Line.
Tom Rich
Thomas H. Rich (born May 30, 1941), generally known as Tom Rich, is an Australian palaeontologist. He and his wife, Patricia Arlene Vickers-Rich headed the dig at Dinosaur Cove. He is, as of 2025, Senior Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontology at Museums Victoria.

Patricia Vickers-Rich
Patricia Arlene Vickers-Rich AO (born 11 July 1944), also known as Patricia Rich, is an Australian Professor of Palaeontology and Palaeobiology, who researches the environmental changes that have impacted Australia (including the ancient super continent, Gondwana) and how this shaped the evolution of Australia’s fauna and flora.
Sydney Brenner
Sydney Brenner CH FRS FMedSci MAE (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, United States.

H. Robert Horvitz
Howard Robert Horvitz ForMemRS NAS AAA&S APS NAM (born May 8, 1947) is an American biologist whose research on the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston, whose "seminal discoveries concerning the genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death" were "important for medical research and have shed new light on the pathogenesis of many diseases".
Seitoku Junior College of Nutrition
Seitoku Junior College of Nutrition (聖徳栄養短期大学, Seitoku Eiyō Tanki Daigaku) was a private junior college at Katsushika Ward, Tokyoin Japan. It was succeeded by the newly established Tokyo Seiei College.

Tokyo Seiei College
Tokyo Seiei College (東京聖栄大学, Tōkyō seiei daigaku) is a private four-year college in Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan founded in 2005 to replace Seitoku Junior College of Nutrition, which was founded in 1947 and chartered as a junior college in 1963. 
Its name, Sei-ei is how its predecessor was abbreviated in Japanese: Sei (聖) stands for Seitoku and Ei (栄) is for "nutrition".
Vidora
Vidora is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Reno No. 51, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community once had a population of 200 people in 1940 and has since declined to 1 resident. It previously held village status until it was dissolved as an unincorporated community on January 1, 1952. The community is located between Robsart and Consul on Highway 21 and Highway 13, known as the Red Coat Trail. Very little remains of the former village, only one home that is also used as a post office still stands as of 2008. There are many cement foundations and sidewalks still found scattered around the town site, including the remnants of the old bank vault to the former Municipality Office that was moved to Consul.

Robsart, Saskatchewan
Robsart is an unincorporated hamlet within the Rural Municipality of Reno No. 51, in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Robsart had a population of 20 at the 2016 Canada Census (a 100% increase from 10 in the 2011 Canada Census). Robsart previously incorporated an independent village since 1912 until it was dissolved into an unincorporated community on January 1, 2002, under the jurisdiction of the rural municipality of Reno No. 51. Robsart is located 48 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of the town of Eastend at the junction of Highway 18 and Highway 13 (also known as the historic Red Coat Trail) approximately 170 kilometres (110 mi) south-east of Medicine Hat, Alberta, 68 kilometres (42 mi) south of the town of Maple Creek.
Iiyama Domain
Iiyama Domain (飯山藩, Iiyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It was located in northern Shinano Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Iiyama Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Iiyama in Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
François de Crussol d'Uzès
François de Crussol d'Uzès, sometimes referred to as Crussol d'Uzès d'Amboise (24 January 1702 – 30 April 1758) was a French cleric who belonged to a cadet branch of the illustrious House of Crussol. He served, successively, as the Bishop of Blois, then Archbishop of Toulouse.

Archdiocese of Toulouse
The Archdiocese of Toulouse (–Saint Bertrand de Comminges–Rieux) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church in France. The diocese comprises the Department of Haute-Garonne and its seat is Toulouse Cathedral. Archbishop Guy de Kerimel has been its head since 2021.

In 2022, in the Archdiocese of Toulouse there was one priest for every 3,997 Catholics.
Nusselt number
In thermal fluid dynamics, the Nusselt number (Nu, after Wilhelm Nusselt: 336 ) is the ratio of total heat transfer to conductive heat transfer at a boundary in a fluid. Total heat transfer combines conduction and convection. Convection includes both advection (fluid motion) and diffusion (conduction). The conductive component is measured under the same conditions as the convective but for a hypothetically motionless fluid. It is a dimensionless number, closely related to the fluid's Rayleigh number.: 466

A Nusselt number of order one represents heat transfer by pure conduction.: 336  A value between one and 10 is characteristic of slug flow or laminar flow. A larger Nusselt number corresponds to more active convection, with turbulent flow typically in the 100–1000 range.

A similar non-dimensional property is the Biot number, which concerns thermal conductivity for a solid body rather than a fluid. The mass transfer analogue of the Nusselt number is the Sherwood number.

Biot number
The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations, named for the eighteenth-century French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862). The Biot number is the ratio of the thermal resistance for conduction inside a body to the resistance for convection at the surface of the body. This ratio indicates whether the temperature inside a body varies significantly in space when the body is heated or cooled over time by a heat flux at its surface.

In general, problems involving small Biot numbers (much smaller than 1) are analytically simple, as a result of nearly uniform temperature fields inside the body. Biot numbers of order one or greater indicate more difficult problems with nonuniform temperature fields inside the body.

The Biot number appears in a number of heat transfer problems, including transient heat conduction and fin heat transfer calculations.
Herman Pines
Herman Pines (January 17, 1902 – April 10, 1996) was a Russian Empire–born American chemist and academici. He is best known for his work with Vladimir Ipatieff on the catalytic conversion of high-octane aviation fuel (and innovation credited with helping the Royal Air Force win the Battle of Britain). Because of his scientific contributions, new processes were developed for the isomerization of paraffins, the alkylation of aromatic compounds, and base-catalyzed organic reactions.

Vladimir Ipatieff
Vladimir Nikolayevich Ipatieff, also Ipatyev (Russian: Владимир Николаевич Ипатьев; 21 November [O.S. 9 November] 1867 – 29 November 1952) was a Russian and American chemist. His most important contributions are in the field of petroleum chemistry and catalysts.
Boston Government Service Center
The Boston Government Service Center (BGSC) is a state government complex in the West End of Boston, Massachusetts. The center was designed in the Brutalist style, led by architect Paul Rudolph. It is one of the major components of the Government Center complex in Downtown Boston. The complex is made up of two connected 
Brutalist buildings: the Charles F. Hurley Building and the Erich Lindemann Building, as well as a courtyard; sometimes included is the newer, 1998-built, Edward W. Brooke Courthouse.

Government Center, Boston
Government Center is an area in downtown Boston, centered on City Hall Plaza. Formerly the site of Scollay Square, it is now the location of Boston City Hall, courthouses, state and federal office buildings, and a major MBTA subway station, also called Government Center.  Its development was controversial, as the project displaced thousands of residents and razed several hundred homes and businesses.

Controversial in design since before it was completed, the use of Brutalist architecture for its main buildings, as well as the open brick-and-concrete plaza at the center of the development, have been alternately praised for its innovative design, and scorned for its lack of character and uninviting appearance.  After decades of calls for a redesign to make it more friendly and usable, a major rebuild of City Hall Plaza, the main public space of Government Center, was begun in 2020 and is to include additional seating areas, play spaces for children, and space for public art.
Concord-Burwood-Glebe Wolves
The Glebe-Burwood Wolves are a rugby league club based in Concord, New South Wales. They compete in the Ron Massey Cup and also field junior sides from Under 6 to Under 17 age groups in the Balmain District Junior Rugby League. In the Ron Massey Cup, they were initially known as the Concord-Burwood-Glebe Wolves, following a merger with foundation club Glebe. Their colours are charcoal and pink and since the incorporation of foundation club Glebe into the merger in 2017, the club occasionally wears the famous dirty red and white jersey worn by Glebe from 1908 to 1929. This is the first time in 87 years that the Glebe colours have been worn in a NSWRL competition.

Ron Massey Cup
The Ron Massey Cup (formerly known as the Bundaberg Red Cup and Jim Beam Cup) is a semi-professional development level rugby league competition in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, run by the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL). The competition is run concurrently with the National Rugby League (NRL). It currently comprises 13 teams drawn from the Sydney metropolitan area. The competition is named after Ron Massey, a former rugby league coach. Ron Massey died on 19 September 2016.

The competition is an expanded version of the former Metropolitan Cup and Second Division competitions. The competition was renamed the Bundaberg Red Cup after the 2008 season (the last Jim Beam Cup season), after Bundaberg Rum replaced former sponsor Jim Beam. For the 2013 season, the competition was re-branded as the Ron Massey Cup in honour of the former coach, tactician, mentor and administrator.
Hart Senate Office Building
The Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building is the third U.S. Senate office building, and is located on 2nd Street NE between Constitution Avenue NE and C Street NE, northeast of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., in the United States. Construction began in January 1975, and it was first occupied in November 1982. Rapidly rising construction costs plagued the building, creating several unfortunate scandals. The structure is named for Philip A. Hart (1912–1976),  who served 18 years as a United States Senator from Michigan. Accessed via a spur of the United States Capitol subway system, the building features a nine-story atrium dominated by massive artwork, and a large Central Hearing Facility which provides television facilities as well as extensive seating.

Philip Hart
Philip Aloysius Hart (December 10, 1912 – December 26, 1976) was an American lawyer and politician. A Democrat, he served as a United States senator from Michigan from 1959 until his death from cancer in Washington, D.C. in 1976. He was known as the "Conscience of the Senate". The Hart Senate Office Building is named in his honor.
External carotid artery
The external carotid artery is the major artery of the head and upper neck. It arises from the common carotid artery. It terminates by splitting into the superficial temporal and maxillary artery within the parotid gland.

Superficial temporal artery
In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head.  It arises from the external carotid artery when it splits into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery.

Its pulse can be felt above the zygomatic arch, above and in front of the tragus of the ear.
Robot kit
A robot kit is a special construction kit for building robots, especially autonomous mobile robots.

Toy robot kits are also supplied by several companies. They are mostly made of plastics elements like Lego Mindstorms, rero Reconfigurable Robot kit, the Robotis Bioloid, Robobuilder, the ROBO-BOX-3.0 (produced by Inex), and the lesser-known KAI Robot (produced by Kaimax), or aluminium elements like Lynxmotion's Servo Erector Set and the qfix kit. Some robots, such as Ebdot, come ready-assembled.

The kits can consist of: structural elements, mechanical elements, motors (or other actuators), sensors and a controller board to control the inputs and outputs of the robot. In some cases, the kits can be available without electronics as well, to provide the user the opportunity to use their own.

Qfix robot kit
Qfix robot kits are an education tool for teaching robotics. They are used in schools, high schools and mechatronics training in companies. The robot kits are also used by hobby robot builders.
The qfix kits are often found in the RoboCup Junior competition where soccer robots are built of the kit's components.
KeolisAmey Wales
Keolis Amey Operations (Welsh: Gweithrediadau Keolis Amey), trading as Transport for Wales Rail Services (TfW Rail Services) was a Welsh train operating company owned by Keolis (64%) and Amey (36%) that operated the Wales & Borders franchise between October 2018 and February 2021.

The Welsh Government body Transport for Wales awarded the contract for the Wales and Borders franchise to KeolisAmey in 2018 which commenced rail operations on 14 October 2018. KeolisAmey used the brand names Transport for Wales and TfW Rail (Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru and TrC Trenau), which are owned by the Welsh Government, for day-to-day operations. The Welsh Government nationalised the franchise on 7 February 2021, transferring operations to Transport for Wales Rail, although Amey continues to provide an infrastructural role in the franchise, particularly on the South Wales Metro.

Transport for Wales Rail
Transport for Wales Rail Limited, branded as Transport for Wales and TfW Rail (Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru and TrC Trenau), is a Welsh publicly owned train operating company, a subsidiary of Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company. It commenced operations of the day to day services of the Wales & Borders franchise on 7 February 2021, as an operator of last resort, succeeding KeolisAmey Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail manages 248 National Rail stations, including all 223 in Wales, and operates all passenger mainline services wholly within Wales, and services along the England–Wales border, many of which run into or through England.
Maharaja College, Jaipur
University Maharaja's College  is a college in Jaipur, the capital of the Rajasthan state in India. Established in 1844 by Sawai Ram Singh II, it has been affiliated with University of Rajasthan since 1947. Maharaja college offers course on campus in Bachelor of Science (BSc) and Bachelor of Computer Application (B.C.A) at Undergraduate (U.G.) level. The college was granted the status of "college with potential excellence" by UGC in 2011.

University of Rajasthan
The University of Rajasthan, informally known as Rajasthan University (RU, ISO: Rājasthān Viśvavidyālaya), is a public state university located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It was founded in 1947 by an Act of the State Legislative Assembly and is recognised as a prominent institution in the region. Rajasthan University is one of the largest university systems in the state with over 100,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. The Governor of Rajasthan serves as the university chancellor.
Beixin culture
The Beixin culture (5300–4100 BC) was a Neolithic culture in Shandong, China. It was the successor of the Houli culture (6500–5500 BC) and precursor of the Dawenkou culture (4100–2600 BC). The Beixin culture contains the first example of dental ablation in China, a practice that became common in the Dawenkou.

The type site at Beixin was discovered in Tengzhou, Shandong, China. The site was excavated from 1978 to 1979.

Dawenkou culture
The Dawenkou culture was a Chinese Neolithic culture primarily located in the eastern province of Shandong, but also appearing in Anhui, Henan and Jiangsu. The culture existed from 4300 to 2600 BC, and co-existed with the Yangshao culture. Turquoise, jade and ivory artefacts are commonly found at Dawenkou sites. The earliest examples of alligator drums appear at Dawenkou sites. Neolithic signs, perhaps related to subsequent scripts, such as those of the Shang dynasty, have been found on Dawenkou pottery. Additionally, the Dawenkou practiced dental ablation and cranial deformation, practices that disappeared in China by the Chinese Bronze Age.