hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Savu Sea
The Savu Sea (or the Sawu Sea) (Indonesian: Laut Sawu, Portuguese: Mar de Savu, Tetum: Tasi Savu) is a small sea within Indonesia named for the island of Savu (Sawu) on its southern boundary.  It is bounded by Savu and Raijua to the south, the islands of Rote and Timor (split between East Timor and Indonesia) to the east, Flores and the Alor archipelago to the north/northwest, and the island of Sumba to the west/northwest. Between these islands, it flows into the Indian Ocean to the south and west, the Flores Sea to the north, and the Banda Sea to the northeast.

The Savu Sea spans about 360 km (220 mi) from west to east, and 290 km (180 mi) from north to south. Its area is about 105,000 km2 (41,000 sq mi). It reaches about 3,500 m (11,500 ft) in depth. The largest city on the sea is Kupang, the capital of East Nusa Tenggara province on the island of Timor, with about 450,000 inhabitants.

Flores Sea
The Flores Sea is a body of water bounded on the north by the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and on the south by the Sunda Islands of Flores and Sumbawa. It covers an area of 121,000 square kilometres (47,000 sq mi).
Ngangbiton
Ngangbiton (ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯤꯇꯣꯟ / ꯉꯥꯪꯕꯤꯇꯣꯟ) is a character in a Meitei folktale that features Tembalaithak (also known as Temba Laithak). She is described as the daughter of Keirakpa, a minister in her community. Ngangbiton plays an important role in the story, which follows events surrounding her unwanted attention from Temba, her father's reaction, and the difficult life that follows.

Temba Laithak
Tembalaithak (also rendered Temba Laithak, ꯇꯦꯝꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯛ) is a central figure in a Meitei folktale that illustrates themes of social marginality, coercion, deception, and the construction of reputation. The narrative presents Tembalaithak as an individual who, despite lacking social acceptance and economic resources, attains influence through manipulation, staged demonstrations of ability, and fortuitous circumstances.
Donkey
The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus, and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, Equus africanus asinus, or as a separate species, Equus asinus.: 1  It was domesticated in Africa some 5000–7000 years ago,: 2 : 3715  and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time.

There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. While working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries.

An adult male donkey is a jack or jackass, an adult female is a jenny or jennet, and an immature donkey of either sex is a foal. Jacks are often mated with female horses (mares) to produce mules; the less common hybrid of a male horse (stallion) and jenny is a hinny.

Mule
The mule is a domestic equine hybrid between a donkey and a horse. It is the offspring of a male donkey (a jack) and a female horse (a mare). The horse and the donkey are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes; of the two possible first-generation hybrids between them, the mule is easier to obtain and more common than the hinny, which is the offspring of a male horse (a stallion) and a female donkey (a jenny).

Mules vary widely in size, and may be of any color seen in horses or donkeys. They are more patient, hardier and longer-lived than horses, and are perceived as less obstinate and more intelligent than donkeys.: 5
Arthur Mathews (writer)
Arthur Mathews  is an Irish comedy writer and actor who, often with writing partners such as Graham Linehan, Paul Woodfull and Matt Berry, co-created and co-wrote the television comedies Father Ted, Big Train and Toast of London, and contributed to other comedy shows including Harry Enfield and Chums, The Fast Show, The Day Today, and Brass Eye.

Graham Linehan
Graham George Linehan (/ˈlɪnəhæn/; born May 1968) is an Irish comedy writer and anti-transgender activist. He created or co-created the sitcoms Father Ted (1995–1998), Black Books (2000–2004), The IT Crowd (2006–2013), and Count Arthur Strong (2013–2017), and has contributed to other comedy shows, including The Fast Show, The Day Today, and Brass Eye. During the 1990s, his writing partner was Arthur Mathews, with whom he created Father Ted. Linehan has won five BAFTA awards, including Best Writer, Comedy, for The IT Crowd in 2014.

Linehan became involved in anti-transgender activism after an episode of The IT Crowd was criticised as transphobic. He argues that transgender activism endangers women and has likened the use of puberty blockers to Nazi eugenics. Linehan says his views have "consumed his life", lost him work, and ended his marriage.
North Berwick railway station
North Berwick railway station serves the seaside town of North Berwick, in East Lothian, Scotland. It is the northern terminus of the North Berwick Line, 22+1⁄4 miles (35.8 km) east of Edinburgh Waverley.

Edinburgh Waverley railway station
Edinburgh Waverley (also known simply as Edinburgh; Scottish Gaelic: Waverley Dhùn Èideann) is the principal railway station serving Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the second busiest station in Scotland, after Glasgow Central. The station serves as the northern terminus of the East Coast Main Line, 393 miles 13 chains (393.16 miles; 632.7 kilometres) from London King's Cross, although some trains operated by London North Eastern Railway continue to other Scottish destinations beyond Edinburgh.
Robert Townsend (spy)
Robert Townsend (November 26
, 1753 – March 7, 1838) was a member of the Culper Ring during the American Revolution. He operated in New York City with the aliases "Samuel Culper, Jr." and "723" and gathered information as a service to General George Washington. He is one of the least-known operatives in the spy ring and once demanded that Abraham Woodhull ("Samuel Culper") never tell his name to anyone, even Washington.

Abraham Woodhull
Abraham Woodhull (October 7, 1750 – January 23, 1826) was a leading member of the Culper Spy Ring in New York City and Setauket, New York, during the American Revolutionary War. He used the alias "Samuel Culper" (later "Samuel Culper Sr."), which was a play on Culpeper County, Virginia, and was suggested by George Washington.

The Culper Ring was a successful operation that provided Washington with valuable information on the British Army headquartered in New York from October 1778 to the end of the war. After the United States gained independence, Woodhull served as a magistrate, as had his father before him, and served as a judge in Suffolk County, New York.
Shors
Shors or Shorians (Shor: sg. шор-кижи, shor-kizhi, тадар-кижи, tadar-kizhi, шор, shor, тадар, tadar, pl. шор-кижилер, shor-kizhiler, тадар-кижилер, tadar-kizhiler, шорлар, shorlar, тадарлар, tadarlar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Kemerovo Oblast of Russia. Their self designation is Шор (tr. Shor). They were also called Kuznetskie Tatars (кузнецкие татары), Kondoma Tatars (кондомские татары), Mras-Su Tatars (мрасские татары) in some of the documents of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Most Shors live in the Tom basin along the Kondoma and Mras-Su Rivers. This region is historically called Mountainous Shoria. The Shors also live in Khakassia and Altai Republic. According to 2002 census, there were 13,975 Shors in Russia (12,601 in 1926, 16,042 in 1939, 14,938 in 1959, 15,950 in 1970, 15,182 in 1979 and 15,745 in 1989). The Shors speak their own Shor language.

Shor language
Shor (endonym: шор тили, şor tili; тадар тили, tadar tili), or Kuznets Tatar, is a critically endangered Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in a region called Mountain Shoriya, in Kemerovo Oblast in Southwest Siberia, although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12,000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.
IBM System/34
The IBM System/34 was an IBM midrange computer introduced in 1977. It was withdrawn from marketing in February 1985.  It was a multi-user, multi-tasking successor to the single-user System/32. It included two processors, one based on the System/32 and the second based on the System/3. Like the System/32 and the System/3, the System/34 was primarily programmed in the RPG II language.

IBM System/3
The IBM System/3 was an IBM midrange computer introduced in 1969, and marketed until 1985. It was produced by IBM Rochester in Minnesota as a low-end business computer aimed at smaller organizations that still used IBM 1400 series computers or unit record equipment. The first member of what IBM refers to as their "midrange" line, it also introduced the RPG II programming language. It is the first ancestor in the product line whose current version is the IBM i series and includes the highly successful AS/400.
Longitudinal engine
In automotive engineering, a longitudinal engine is an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, from front to back.

This is in contrast to a transverse engine, where the crankshaft runs from side to side. Although there are many variations of cylinder number and layout, all car engines are either longitudinal or transverse.

Transverse engine
A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the direction of travel. Many modern front-wheel drive vehicles use this arrangement. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine, where the engine's crankshaft axis is parallel with the direction of travel. (Some rear-mid engine vehicles use a transverse engine and transaxle mounted in the rear instead of the front). Transverse engines save space in light vehicles, and are used on armoured fighting vehicles for the same reason.
Fatorda
Fatorda is a suburb of the city of Margao in Salcete, Goa.
Fatorda has been originally home to the traditional Scheduled Tribe/Scheduled Caste population. The Catholic Gawda community has a very large presence in Fatorda. However, due to the increasing number of buildings in Fatorda, the population has become more diverse.

Fatorda is also a constituency (30-Fatorda) in the Goa Legislative Assembly.

Margao
Margao (Goan Konkani: Modgaum, IPA: [mɵɖɡãʋ]; Portuguese: Margão, IPA: [mɐɾɡɐ̃ũ]) is the commercial capital of the Indian state of Goa. It stands on the banks of the river Sal. It is the district headquarters of South Goa, and administrative headquarters of Salcete sub-district. It is Goa's second largest city by population after Mormugao.
Stamford, Lincolnshire
Stamford is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 19,701 and estimated at 20,645 in 2019. The town has 17th- and 18th-century stone buildings, older timber-framed buildings and five medieval parish churches.

Stamford is a frequent film location. In 2013 it was rated a top place to live in a survey by The Sunday Times. Its name has been passed on to Stamford, Connecticut, founded in 1641.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien is a 2014 book edited by Stuart D. Lee and published by Wiley-Blackwell. It is a part of the Blackwell Companions to Literature series, which have been described as prestigious reference works, and features authors well known in the field of Tolkien studies.

Reviewers praised the book as a careful work and a valuable guide to the topic area. Andrew Higgins writing for the Journal of Tolkien Research noted the distinguished line-up of scholarly contributors, and called it "joyous indeed" that Tolkien had finally attained acceptance by the literary establishment as measured by having a Blackwell Companion to his name.

Tolkien research
The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of his fantasy writings. These encompass The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, along with his legendarium that remained unpublished until after his death, and his constructed languages, especially the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin. Scholars from different disciplines have examined the linguistic and literary origins of Middle-earth, and have explored many aspects of his writings from Christianity to feminism and race.
Ocular prosthesis
An ocular prosthesis, artificial eye or glass eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent natural eye following an enucleation, evisceration, or orbital exenteration. Someone with an ocular prosthesis is altogether blind on the affected side and has monocular (one sided) vision.

The prosthesis fits over an orbital implant and under the eyelids. The ocular prosthesis roughly takes the shape of a convex shell and is made of medical grade acrylic plastic. A few ocular prostheses today are made of cryolite glass. A variant of the ocular prosthesis is a very thin hard shell known as a scleral shell which can be worn over a damaged or eviscerated eye. Makers of ocular prosthetics are known as ocularists. Ocularists are surprisingly rare: as of 2025, there were fewer than 200 certified practitioners in the United States, and only around three dozen in India.

Visual prosthesis are currently in research which could provide vision to the artificial eye.

Ocularist
An ocularist specializes in the fabrication and fitting of ocular prostheses for people who have lost an eye or eyes due to trauma or illness. The fabrication process for a custom made eye typically includes taking an impression of the eye socket, shaping a plastic shell, painting the iris, and then fitting the ocular prostheses. Prefabricated ocular prostheses with different colored iris are also available. An ocularist may select the stock eye that is most closely matched to patient's iris color. However, due to better adaptation, comfort, and aesthetics, custom-made ocular prostheses are more accepted. In addition to creating the prosthetic eye, an ocularist shows the patient how to care for and handle the prosthesis.

Ocularists may develop their skills from various background disciplines, including medical, optometry, dental, nursing, biology, medical arts and illustration.
Niedorp
Niedorp (Dutch: [ˈnidɔr(ə)p] ⓘ; West Frisian: Nierup) is a former municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. Niedorp, along with neighbouring Barsingerhorn, received city rights in 1415, and since 2012 has been a part of the new municipality of Hollands Kroon.

Barsingerhorn
Barsingerhorn (West Frisian: Barregórre) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north of Heerhugowaard. It received city rights in 1415.
Manda III
Manda III is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand India. The elevation of Manda III is 6,529 metres (21,421 ft) and its prominence is 450 metres (1,476 ft). It is joint 81st highest located entirely within the Uttarakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. It lies 2.4 km south of Manda II 6,568 metres (21,549 ft) and 2.8 km north of Bhrigupanth 6,772 metres (22,218 ft). It lies 6.6 km east of Jogin II 6,342 metres (20,807 ft). It is located 6.7 km NW of Shivling (mountain) 6,543 metres (21,467 ft) and 13.1 km east lies Bhagirathi Parbat II 6,512 metres (21,365 ft).

Jogin II
Jogin II is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand India.The elevation of Jogin II is 6,342 metres (20,807 ft) and its prominence is 259 metres (850 ft). It is 110th highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. It lies 6.2 km east of Gangotri III and 7 km west of Bhrigupanth 6,772 metres (22,218 ft). It lies 2.2 km north of Jogin I. Its nearest higher neighbor is Jogin I 6,465 metres (21,211 ft). It is located 7.2 km NW of Thalay Sagar 6,904 metres (22,651 ft) and 8.5 km NW lies Gangotri I 6,682 metres (21,923 ft).
Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Stabilisation Force (SFOR) was a NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Bosnian War. It was authorised by Security Council Resolution 1088 on 12 December 1996. Although SFOR was led by NATO, several non-NATO countries contributed troops. It was replaced by EUFOR Althea in December 2004.

Operation Althea
Operation Althea, formally the European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUFOR), is a military deployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina to oversee the military implementation of the Dayton Agreement. It is the successor to NATO's SFOR and IFOR. The transition from SFOR to EUFOR was largely a change of name and commanders: 80% of the troops remained in place. It replaced SFOR on 2 December 2004.
George Peter Thompson
George Peter Thompson (1819–1889) was a Liberian-born educator, clergyman and pioneer missionary of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society of Switzerland. He was also the first African to be educated in Europe by the mission and subsequently, the first African to be consecrated and ordained a Basel missionary. Thompson was part of the Basel Mission team led by Danish missionary, Andreas Riis that recruited 24 West Indian missionaries from Jamaica and Antigua in 1843, to aid the work of the society. Together with the Jamaican educator-missionaries, Alexander Worthy Clerk and Catherine Mulgrave, George Thompson was a co-founder and the first principal of the all boys’ middle boarding school, the Salem School, Osu, established in November 1843.

Andreas Riis
Andreas Riis (12 January 1804 – 13 January 1854) was a Danish minister and pioneer missionary who is widely regarded by historians as the founder of the Gold Coast branch of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society. A resident of the Gold Coast from 1832 to 1845, Riis played a critical role in the recruitment of 24 West Indian missionaries from Jamaica and Antigua in 1843 to aid the work of the mission in formal education, agriculture and the propagation of the Gospel in colonial Ghana. As the first Basel missionary in Akropong in 1835, he laid the groundwork for the first mission house, eventually resulting in the founding of the first Christian church there which later became the Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong.
Euthydemus I
Euthydemus I (Greek: Εὐθύδημος, Euthýdēmos, c. 260 BC – 200/195 BC) was a Greco-Bactrian king and founder of the Euthydemid dynasty. He is thought to have originally been a satrap of Sogdia, who usurped power from Diodotus II in 224 BC. Literary sources, notably Polybius, record how he and his son Demetrius resisted an invasion by the Seleucid king Antiochus III from 209 to 206 BC. Euthydemus expanded the Bactrian territory into Sogdia, constructed several fortresses, including the Derbent Wall in the Iron Gate, and issued a very substantial coinage.

Diodotus II
Diodotus II Theos (Greek: Διόδοτος Θεός, Diódotos Theós, "Diodotus the God"; r. 235 – 225 BC) was the son and successor of Diodotus I Soter, who rebelled against the Seleucid Empire, establishing the Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom. Diodotus II probably ruled alongside his father as co-regent, before succeeding him as sole king around 235 BC. He prevented Seleucid efforts to reincorporate Bactria back into the empire, by allying with the Parthians against them. He was murdered around 225 BC by Euthydemus I, who succeeded him as king.

Diodotus’ career was recounted by Apollodorus of Artemita in the Parthian History, but this text is lost, and surviving literary sources only mention him in passing. Thus, most details of Diodotus' life and career have to be reconstructed from numismatics.
Nipper Building
The Nipper Building is a colloquial name for The Victor condominiums, and formerly, Building 17, RCA Victor Company, Camden Plant. The structure is a historical building located in Cooper Grant neighborhood of Camden, Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Since 1901, Camden was the headquarters of the Victor Talking Machine Company, later RCA Victor. Originally a Victrola cabinet factory, the building was converted into luxury apartments and retail space in 2004.

Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer, incorporated in 1901. Victor was an independent enterprise until 1929 when it merged with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and became the  RCA Victor Division of the Radio Corporation of America.

Established in Camden, New Jersey, Victor was the largest and most prestigious firm of its kind in the world, best known for its use of the iconic "His Master's Voice" trademark, the design,  production and marketing of the popular "Victrola" line of phonographs and the company's extensive catalog of operatic and classical music recordings by world famous artists on the prestigious Red Seal label. After Victor merged with RCA in 1929, the company maintained its eminence as America's foremost producer of records and phonographs until the 1960s.
South Central China
South Central China, South-Central China or Central-South China (Chinese: 中南; pinyin: Zhōngnán; lit. 'Central-South'), is a region of the People's Republic of China. It consists of eight provincial administrative regions, namely Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.

South Central China sometimes is further classified into regions of South China (华南) and Central China (华中).

South China
South China (pinyin: Huá'nán; Jyutping: jyut6 naam4) is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China. Its precise meaning varies with context. A notable feature of South China in comparison to the rest of China proper is that most of its citizens are not native speakers of Standard Chinese. Cantonese is the most common language in general definitions of South China.
Voice onset time
In phonetics, voice onset time (VOT) is a feature of the production of stop consonants. It is defined as the length of time that passes between the release of a stop consonant and the onset of voicing, the vibration of the vocal folds, or, according to other authors, periodicity. Some authors allow negative values to mark voicing that begins during the period of articulatory closure for the consonant and continues in the release, for those unaspirated voiced stops in which there is no voicing present at the instant of articulatory closure.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.