hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joshua Staples
Joshua Staples (born 2004) is an Australian competitive swimmer. He is the 2022 Junior Pan Pacific champion in the 400-metre freestyle, 800-metre freestyle, 1500-metre freestyle, and 4×200-metre freestyle relay. In 2022, he was part of a first sweep of all men's individual freestyle events at a single Junior Pan Pacific Swimming Championships by Australian swimmers, winning three of the six gold medals with Flynn Southam winning the other three.

Flynn Southam
Flynn Southam (born 5 June 2005) is an Australian swimmer. At the 2022 Junior Pan Pacific Championships, he won gold medals in the 50 metre freestyle, 100 metre freestyle, and 200 metre freestyle. In the 4×100 metre freestyle relay, he won a gold medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games as well as silver medals at the 2022 Junior Pan Pacific Championships and the 2022 World Short Course Championships, swimming on the finals relay at each competition. In the 4×200 metre freestyle relay, he won gold medals as a finals relay member at the 2022 Commonwealth Games and 2022 Junior Pan Pacific Championships, and a silver medal at the 2022 World Short Course Championships.
Dark tourism
Dark tourism (also thanatourism, black tourism, morbid tourism, or grief tourism) has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy. More recently, it was suggested that the concept should also include reasons tourists visit that site, since the site's attributes alone may not make a visitor a "dark tourist". The main attraction to dark locations is their historical value rather than their associations with death and suffering. Holocaust tourism contains aspects of both dark tourism and heritage tourism.

Holocaust tourism
Holocaust tourism is tourism to destinations connected with the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust in World War II, including visits to sites of Jewish martyrology such as former Nazi death camps and concentration camps turned into state museums. It belongs to a category of the so-called 'roots tourism' usually across parts of Central Europe, or, more generally, the Western-style dark tourism to sites of death and disaster.

The term Holocaust, first used in the late 1950s, was derived from the Greek word holokauston meaning a completely burnt offering to God. It has come to symbolize the systematic extermination of approximately six million European Jews by Nazi Germany in occupied territories from 1933 to 1945. The term can also be applied to mean the estimated five to seven million non-Jewish victims who were murdered by the Nazis in the same time period.
Bromborough
Bromborough (/ˈbrɒmbərə/ BROM-bər-ə) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England, on the Wirral Peninsula south-east of Bebington and north of Eastham. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Merseyside in 1974.

At the 2011 census, the population of the Bromborough ward was 14,850.

Eastham, Merseyside
Eastham is a village and an electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in Merseyside, England. Historically (until 1974), it was part of Cheshire. It is situated on the Wirral Peninsula, to the south of Bromborough and to the east of Willaston.

At the 2001 census, it had a population of 12,250, although the total ward population for the village stood at 13,637 In 2011, the villages population was not measured separately but a review was carried out for the ward. The total population had risen to 13,882.
Presburger arithmetic
Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with addition, named in honor of Mojżesz Presburger, who introduced it in 1929. The signature of Presburger arithmetic contains only the addition operation and equality, omitting the multiplication operation entirely. The theory is computably axiomatizable; the axioms include a schema of induction.

Presburger arithmetic is much weaker than Peano arithmetic, which includes both addition and multiplication operations. Unlike Peano arithmetic, Presburger arithmetic is a decidable theory. This means it is possible to algorithmically determine, for any sentence in the language of Presburger arithmetic, whether that sentence is provable from the axioms of Presburger arithmetic. The asymptotic running-time computational complexity of this algorithm is at least doubly exponential, however, as shown by Fischer & Rabin (1974).

Decidability (logic)
In logic, a true/false decision problem is decidable if there exists an effective method for deriving the correct answer. Logical systems are decidable if membership in their set of logically valid formulas (or theorems) can be effectively determined. Zeroth-order logic (propositional logic) is decidable, whereas first-order and higher-order logic are not. A theory (set of sentences closed under logical consequence) in a fixed logical system is decidable if there is an effective method for determining whether arbitrary formulas are included in the theory. Many important problems are undecidable, that is, it has been proven that no effective method for determining membership (returning a correct answer after finite, though possibly very long, time in all cases) can exist for them.
Fisher-Price
Fisher-Price, Inc. is an American company that produces educational toys for infants, toddlers and preschoolers, headquartered in East Aurora, New York. It was founded in 1930 during the Great Depression by Herman Fisher, Irving Price, Helen Schelle and Margaret Evans Price.

Fisher-Price has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Mattel since 1993. Notable toys from the brand include the Little People toy line, Power Wheels, View-Master, Rescue Heroes, the Chatter Telephone, and the Rock-a-Stack. The company also manufactures a number of products and toys designed for infants.

Little People (toys)
Little People are an  toy brand for children ages 6–36 months and to ages 3 and up, originally produced by the American Toy company Fisher-Price, Inc. in the 1960s as the Play Family People. The current product line consists of playsets, mini-sets and accessories, books, CDs and DVDs focusing on various configurations of five characters named Eddie, Tessa, Mia, Koby, and Sofie. Mattel reports that over 2 billion Little People figures have been sold in over 60 countries. In 2016, Little People was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame.

The "Little People" name, registered and trademarked by Mattel and Fisher-Price in 1985, came from Mattel following the lead of consumers who referred to the early Play Family playsets as "those little people".
Siobhán Donaghy
Siobhán Emma Donaghy (born 14 June 1984) is a British singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of the girl group Sugababes. Donaghy left Sugababes in 2001 and released her debut solo album, Revolution in Me, in 2003. Her second studio album, Ghosts, was released in 2007 and met critical acclaim.

In 2012, Donaghy and her former colleagues Mutya Buena and Keisha Buchanan confirmed their reunion. The original trio were not able to release music under the name Sugababes as it was still owned by the management company. They instead released music under the new name Mutya Keisha Siobhan, until they secured the legal rights to the Sugababes name again in 2019.

Keisha Buchanan
Keisha Kerreece Fayeanne Buchanan (/ˈkiːʃə/; born 30 September 1984) is a British singer and songwriter and a founding member of the girl group Sugababes alongside Mutya Buena and Siobhán Donaghy. With Sugababes, she has had six number-one singles and two number-one studio albums, making them one of the most successful-charting British pop acts of the 21st century so far. Buchanan was sacked from the group in September 2009 and  replaced by Jade Ewen. Buchanan returned to the group in 2012 with the original line-up.

In 2012, she and her former Sugababes bandmates Buena and Donaghy confirmed their reunion. The original trio was not able to release music under the name Sugababes as it was still being used by the then-current members of the group. Instead they released music under the name Mutya Keisha Siobhan before securing the legal rights to the Sugababes name in 2019. In 2026, she won the seventh series of The Masked Singer.
Whitby (provincial electoral district)
Whitby is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was previously represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as Whitby-Oshawa. The new riding was created through the 2015 Representation Act for the 2018 provincial election, with the district losing some territory to the district of Oshawa to more closely align to the actual town's borders.

Whitby—Oshawa (provincial electoral district)
Whitby—Oshawa was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from the  2007 provincial election until 2018. The riding was adjusted by the 2015 Representation Act for the 2018 provincial election, losing some territory to the district of Oshawa, and replaced as the  district of Whitby.
Temperament ordinaire
The phrase temperament ordinaire (French tempérament ordinaire, meaning literally "ordinary temperament" or "usual temperament") is a term for musical intonation, particularly the tempered tuning of keyboard instruments. In modern usage, it usually refers to temperaments falling within the range (as understood broadly) of tunings
now known as "well-tempered".

The expression occurs primarily in French-language works of the 17th and 18th centuries concerning theory and practice of musical intonation with regard to keyboard instruments.  It is discussed again, in the same or a similar musical application, in modern literature concerned with historical practices relating to keyboard instruments and performance.

Well temperament
In Western music theory, a well temperament (also good temperament, circular or circulating temperament) is a type of tempered tuning used for keyboard instruments of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The term is modeled on the German word wohltemperiert. This word also appears in the title of J. S. Bach's famous composition "Das wohltemperierte Klavier", The Well-Tempered Clavier.
Rhode Island Rams baseball
The Rhode Island Rams baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball team of the University of Rhode Island, located in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States. The program has been a member of the NCAA Division I Atlantic 10 Conference since the start of the 1981 season. Since the 1966 season, the program has played at Bill Beck Field, located on the university's campus. The program has appeared in two NCAA tournaments. It has won two conference tournaments, three regular season conference titles, and three regular season division titles. Three former Rams have appeared in Major League Baseball.

Bill Beck Field
Bill Beck Field is a baseball venue located on the campus of the University of Rhode Island in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States.  It is home to the Rhode Island Rams baseball team, a member of the NCAA Division I Atlantic 10 Conference.  The field was built in 1966 and is named after former Rams baseball and football coach Bill Beck.  It has a capacity of 1,000 spectators.

The field is located behind Mackal Field House, the home venue of Rhode Island's men's and women's indoor track & field teams.
Interorbital Systems
Interorbital Systems (IOS) is an American space development company based in Mojave, California. It was established in 1996 by Roderick and Randa Milliron. As of October 2023, the company is in development stage for three orbital launch vehicles: NEPTUNE, TRITON, and TRITON HEAVY.

Interorbital Systems has participated in the development of a launch vehicle for the Google Lunar X Prize Team Synergy Moon and has provided suborbital commercial launch services. For orbital launch, they have so far facilitated launches with ISRO and Jaxa. Additionally, the company participated as a competitor in the Ansari X Prize and America's Space Prize competitions.

Synergy Moon
Synergy Moon is an international commercial enterprise dedicated to the development of space technologies and related services.

It was originally formed in 2010 as a team competing for the Google Lunar X Prize —a challenge to land the first privately funded rover on the Moon. It was one of five finalist teams, out of an original 33 entrants.
Purchase on the Muskingum
The Purchase on the Muskingum also called Ohio Company's Second Purchase, was a tract of land in the Northwest Territory, later Ohio, that the Ohio Company of Associates purchased from the United States federal government in 1792.

Ohio Company of Associates
The Ohio Company of Associates, also known as the Ohio Company, was a land company whose members are today credited with becoming the first non-Native American group to permanently settle west of the Allegheny mountains. In 1788, they established Marietta, Ohio, as the first permanent settlement of the new United States in the newly organized Northwest Territory.
Yuen Chau Kok
Yuen Chau Kok (Chinese: 圓洲角) is an area in Sha Tin District, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Sha Tin Road and Prince of Wales Hospital and is within walking distance of City One station of the MTR Tuen Ma line. Before reclamation work in the 1970s, the area was an island in Tide Cove.

The island was a major station for travellers and goods plying between Guangdong and Kowloon. Wong Uk Village (王屋村) was a trading station for merchants and travellers until the late 19th century. Most of the old buildings of the village were ruined or demolished due to the reclamation of Tide Cove for the development of the Sha Tin New Town. Currently the main part of the island is converted into a park.

One branch of Tse village of Sha Tin Wai, also relocated to Yuen Chau Kok and built their own village over there.

Wong Uk Village (Sha Tin District)
Wong Uk Village (Chinese: 王屋村) is a village at the southwest of Yuen Chau Kok, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong. With the exception of the "Old House", the village was demolished in the 1970s to make way for high-density housing and re-established nearby.
White Paper on District Administration in Hong Kong
The White Paper on District Administration in Hong Kong (《地方行政白皮書》）was a white paper published by the Hong Kong Government in January 1981 on introducing elected bodies to local administration in Hong Kong and widening the electoral franchise of the Urban Council.

Urban Council
The Urban Council (UrbCo) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for municipal services on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon (including New Kowloon). These services were provided by the council's executive arm, the Urban Services Department. Later, the equivalent body for the New Territories was the Regional Council.

The council was founded as the Sanitary Board in 1883. It was renamed the Urban Council when new legislation was passed in 1936 expanding its mandate. In 1973 the council was reorganised under non-government control and became financially autonomous. Originally composed mainly of ex-officio and appointed members, by the time the Urban Council was disbanded following the Handover it was composed entirely of members elected by universal suffrage.
Jaguar XJR-15
The Jaguar Sport XJR-15 is a two-seater sports car of which a limited number were produced by JaguarSport, a subsidiary of Jaguar and Tom Walkinshaw Racing, between 1990 and 1992. Only 50 were planned (although 53 chassis were eventually made), each selling for £500,000.

The chassis was mechanically based on the Le Mans-winning XJR-9, designed by Tony Southgate. The body of the XJR-15 was designed by Peter Stevens, who went on to co-design the McLaren F1. The car competed in a single-make racing series called the Jaguar Intercontinental Challenge, which supported three Formula 1 races (Monaco, Silverstone and Spa) in 1991. The XJR-15 was the world's first road-car made entirely from carbon-fibre.

Jaguar XJR-9
The Jaguar XJR-9 is a sports-prototype race car built by Jaguar for both FIA Group C and IMSA Camel GTP racing. In 1988, Jaguar's XJR-9 won the 24 Hours of Le Mans, after debuting that year at the 24 Hours of Daytona.
8-Bit Theater
8-Bit Theater is a sprite comic, meaning the art is mainly taken from pre-existing video game assets, created by Brian Clevinger. It was originally published from 2001 to 2010 and consists of 1,225 pages. The webcomic was, at times, one of the most popular webcomics, and the most popular sprite comic.

The comic initially follows and parodies the plot of the first Final Fantasy game, following the "Warriors of Light" who are supposedly on a quest to find four elemental orbs to help them defeat Chaos. Instead, the characters mainly serve their own selfish interests, causing destruction in their wake.

The success of 8-Bit Theater contributed to the popularity in creating sprite comics, with one list recording over 1,200 sprite comics as of 2004. 8-Bit Theater allowed Clevinger to earn an income, and gain experience and exposure, which led to future works, such as Atomic Robo.

Sprite comic
Sprite comics are webcomics that consist primarily of computer sprites from video games. Art assets are ripped from various classic games such as Mega Man and Sonic the Hedgehog, are edited and combined by amateur cartoonists, and are posted on the internet. Popularized by Bob and George in the early 2000s, the style is considered relatively easy for beginning cartoonists to get involved in, but sprite comics are generally looked down upon for being of low quality. The format has not seen mainstream attention since 8-bit Theater concluded in 2010.
Ramaswamy Ranga Rao
Ramaswamy Ranga Rao (1935 - 27 August 2021) was a prominent Indian mathematician who made fundamental contributions to statistics, Lie groups, and Lie algebras and worked as professor for most of his career in the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign until 2001. He finished his Ph.D. under the supervision of C.R. Rao from Indian Statistical Institute. He was one of the "famous four"  students of Rao: (the others were K. R. Parthasarathy, Veeravalli S. Varadarajan, and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan) in ISI during 1956-1963.

After retiring in 2001, he moved to Chennai in 2015. He died on 27 August 2021.

K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)
Kalyanapuram Rangachari Parthasarathy (25 June 1936 – 14 June 2023) was an Indian statistician who was professor emeritus at the Indian Statistical Institute and a pioneer of quantum stochastic calculus. Parthasarathy was the recipient of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in Mathematical Science in 1977 and the TWAS Prize in 1996.
Louis Dantin
Louis Dantin was the pen name of Eugène Seers (November 28, 1865 – January 17, 1945), a Canadian writer and editor from Quebec. He is historically most noted as the original editor and publisher of the poetry of Émile Nelligan, although he also published numerous works as a poet, novelist and essayist in his own right.

Émile Nelligan
Émile Nelligan (December 24, 1879 – November 18, 1941) was a Canadian Symbolist poet from Montreal who wrote in French. Even though he stopped writing poetry after being institutionalized at the age of 19, Nelligan remains an iconic figure in Quebec culture and was considered by Edmund Wilson to be the greatest Canadian poet in any language.
Paul Reichmann
Paul (Moshe Yosef) Reichmann (Hebrew: משה יוסף רייכמן‎; 27 September 1930 – 25 October 2013) was a Canadian businessman and member of the Reichmann family. He is best known for his leadership of the Olympia & York real estate development company.

Olympia and York
Olympia & York (also spelled as Olympia and York, abbreviated as O&Y) was a major international property development firm based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The firm built major financial office complexes including Canary Wharf in London, the World Financial Center in New York City, and First Canadian Place in Toronto. It went bankrupt in the early 1990s and was recreated to eventually become Olympia & York Properties.
Brecht, Belgium
Brecht (Dutch pronunciation: [brɛxt] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality comprises the towns of Brecht proper, Sint-Job-in-'t-Goor and Sint-Lenaarts. In 2021, Brecht had a total population of 29,809. The total area is 90.84 km2.

Brecht is a fast-growing municipality in the north of the Antwerp province, near the Dutch border. Noorderkempen, a railway station on the HSL 4, opened on 15 June 2009.

Noorderkempen railway station
Noorderkempen is a railway station near the town of Brecht, Antwerp province, Belgium. The train services are operated by National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS) and Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).

The station makes the Northern Kempen region connected to the rail network via the HSL 4 route and is the only true high-speed station in Belgium. However, it is not served by any true high-speed train, functioning rather as a park and ride for Antwerp and to a lesser extent Breda. The Thalys services (300 km/h) skip the station as the IC services (160 km/h - 200 km/h) serve the station.

This station features four tracks: the outside ones, with side platforms, are used by trains stopping there, while the central ones, with no platforms, are used by nonstop high-speed trains.
Immortal Universe
Anne Rice's Immortal Universe is an American media franchise and shared universe centered on the 2020s AMC television series adaptations of Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles and Lives of the Mayfair Witches supernatural horror novel series. The books, which originated with the 1976 novel Interview with the Vampire, follow vampires and witches in the ancient and modern world. The franchise includes three television series, Interview with the Vampire, Mayfair Witches, and the original spin-off, Talamasca: The Secret Order. The latter premiered in October 2025, focused on the Talamasca, a secret society in Rice's novels who investigate the paranormal.

AMC coined the term "Immortal Universe" with the October 2022 release of its Interview with the Vampire series. Notable characters include the vampires Lestat de Lioncourt and Louis de Pointe du Lac, the witch Rowan Mayfair and paranormal investigator and empath Ciprien Grieve.

Mayfair Witches
Anne Rice's Mayfair Witches, or simply Mayfair Witches, is an American supernatural horror thriller drama television series created by Esta Spalding and Michelle Ashford, based on the novel trilogy Lives of the Mayfair Witches by Anne Rice. The series stars Alexandra Daddario as Rowan Fielding, Harry Hamlin as Cortland Mayfair, Tongayi Chirisa as Ciprien Grieve, and Jack Huston as Lasher.

Mayfair Witches is the second television series set in the Immortal Universe, a shared universe based on Rice's novels, which started in 2022 with Interview with the Vampire. The series premiered on AMC on January 8, 2023. In February 2023, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on January 5, 2025. In April 2025, the series was renewed for a third season.