hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photopigment
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light. The term is generally applied to the non-protein chromophore moiety of photosensitive chromoproteins, such as the pigments involved in photosynthesis and photoreception. In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to the photoreceptor proteins of the retina.

Photoreceptor protein
Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina, phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria. They mediate light responses as varied as visual perception, phototropism and phototaxis, as well as responses to light-dark cycles such as circadian rhythm and other photoperiodisms including control of flowering times in plants and mating seasons in animals.
Nissan R391
The Nissan R391 is a prototype racing car built by Nissan and their motorsports counterpart Nismo for competition at the 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans.  It was a replacement for the R390 GT1, which was no longer legal in its production-based class.

Nissan R390 GT1
The Nissan R390 GT1 was a racing car built in Atsugi, Japan. It was designed primarily to gain a suitable racing entry in the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1997 and 1998. It was built to race under the grand touring style rules, requiring a homologated road version to be built. Therefore, the R390 was built originally as road car, then a racing version of the car was developed afterwards. Only one R390 road car was ever built and is stored at Nissan's Zama facility, although one of the race cars was later modified for road use. The road car was claimed to be capable of attaining a top speed of 354 km/h (220 mph). However, this claim has never been proven.
Yokohama Municipal Subway
Yokohama Municipal Subway (横浜市営地下鉄, Yokohama-shiei chikatetsu) is a rapid transit system that serves Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, and is operated by the Yokohama City Transportation Bureau.

The network consists of two routes, the Blue Line and the Green Line which together extend for approximately 53.4 kilometres and include 42 stations.

Blue Line (Yokohama)
The Blue Line (ブルーライン, Burū Rain) is a rapid transit line serving Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is the longer of the two lines in the Yokohama Municipal Subway system operated by Yokohama City Transportation Bureau, and is the second-longest subway line in Japan at 40.4 kilometers (25.1 mi) in length, surpassed only by the 40.7-kilometer (25.3 mi) long Toei Oedo Line in Tokyo. Unlike most metro lines in Japan, it uses third rail for power instead of overhead lines. It is the most recent newly built steel-wheel railway line in Japan to do so.

The Blue Line is divided into two operating segments: Line 3 from Azamino in Aoba-ku, Yokohama to Kannai, and Line 1 from Kannai to Shōnandai in Fujisawa. Local and rapid services each operate as a single service across both lines.

Following the opening of the Green Line on 30 March 2008, the line was nicknamed the "Blue Line". The line color is blue and the line symbol used in the station numbering is B.
12th (Service) Battalion, South Wales Borderers (3rd Gwent)
The 12th (Service) Battalion, South Wales Borderers (3rd Gwent) was a Welsh Bantam battalion recruited in World War I as part of 'Kitchener's Army' from men who were below the normal minimum height required by the British Army. It formed part of the Welsh Bantam Brigade, later 119th Brigade, and served on the Western Front. It saw a good deal of action along the Hindenburg Line and at Cambrai before being broken up early in 1918 to provide reinforcements to other units.

119th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 119th Brigade (119th Bed), originally the Welsh Bantam Brigade, was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army during World War I. Part of Lord Kitchener's 'New Armies', it was formed of men under the normal regulation height, known as bantams. It served in the 40th Division on the Western Front, distinguishing itself in actions against the Hindenburg Line and the capture of Bourlon Wood. It was reorganised as a conventional brigade in early 1918 and served until the end of the war. The brigade number was reactivated for deception purposes during World War II.
Sixth normal form
Sixth normal form (6NF) is a normal form used in relational database normalization which extends the relational algebra and generalizes relational operators (such as join) to support interval data, which can be useful in temporal databases.

The term 6NF has historically also been used to refer to another normalization degree, which today is more commonly known as domain-key normal form (DKNF) (see Other meanings).

Database normalization
Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scientist Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational model.

Normalization entails organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a database to ensure that their dependencies are properly enforced by database integrity constraints. It is accomplished by applying some formal rules either by a process of synthesis (creating a new database design) or decomposition (improving an existing database design).
Andøy Municipality
Andøy is the northernmost municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Vesterålen archipelago. The main island in the municipality is Andøya. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Andenes at the northernmost point in the municipality. Other villages in the municipality include Bjørnskinn, Bleik, Dverberg, Fiskenes, Fornes, Nordmela, Risøyhamn, Skarstein, Å, Åknes, and Åse.

The 656-square-kilometre (253 sq mi) municipality is the 172nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Andøy Municipality is the 191st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,553. The municipality's population density is 6.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.8% over the previous 10-year period.

Risøyhamn
Risøyhamn is a village in Andøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern part of the island of Andøya. The island of Andøya is connected to the neighboring island of Hinnøya by the Andøy Bridge at Risøyhamn. The Hurtigruten coastal express boat has service to and from Risøyhamn twice a day.

The 0.28-square-kilometre (69-acre) village had a population (2018) of 216 and a population density of 771 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,000/sq mi). Since 2018, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
Goldman School of Public Policy
The Richard and Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy, or the Goldman School of Public Policy (GSPP), is a public policy school and one of fourteen schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. Originally named the Graduate School of Public Policy, it was founded in 1969 as one of the first public policy institutions in the United States.

Public policy school
A public policy school or school of public affairs is typically a university program, institution, or professional school of public policy, public administration, political science, international relations, security studies, management, urban planning, urban studies, intelligence studies, global studies, emergency management, public affairs, nonprofit management, criminology, and the sociology of law.

Public policy schools typically train students in two streams. The more practical stream treats the master's degree as a terminal degree, which trains students to work as policy analysts or practitioners in governments, government relations, think tanks, business-to-government marketing/sales, and consulting firms. A more theoretical stream aims to train students who are aiming to go on to complete doctoral studies with the goal of becoming professors of public policy, political science in general, or researchers.
Klaoitsis Island
Klaoitsis Island, also perhaps Adlagamalla in Kwak'wala, is an island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.  It is located to the south of Turnour Island in Clio Channel.  The name is an alternate spelling of Ławit'sis or Tlowitsis, the name of the Kwakwaka'wakw group whose territory it is in.

Aglakumna-la Indian Reserve No. 2, a.k.a. Aglakumna-la 2, is an Indian reserve of the Tlowitsis Nation located on the island, which is also known as Aglakumnala Island.

Tlowitsis Nation
The Tlowitsis Nation, formerly the Klowitsis Tribe, the Turnour Island Band and the Tlowitsis-Mumtagila First Nation, is the Indian Act band government of the Ławit'sis (Tlowitsis) tribe of the Kwakwaka'wakw peoples, located in the Queen Charlotte Strait-Johnstone Strait area in the Discovery Islands between Vancouver Island and the British Columbia mainland in Canada.  Ławit'sis territory covers parts of northern Vancouver Island, Johnstone Strait, and adjoining inlets of the mainland. Kalugwis, on Turnour Island, was their principal community in times past, but the band's offices are in the city of Campbell River to the southeast.  Hanatsa IR No. 6 on Port Neville is the most populated of the band's Indian reserves.
Seminary of Mar Abba the Great
The Seminary of Mar Abba the Great is a Chaldean Catholic seminary located in El Cajon, California.  The seminary is the first and only Chaldean Catholic seminary outside of Iraq. The seminary is part of the Eparchy of St. Peter the Apostle, a diocese which encompasses 19 of the westernmost states of the United States. The seminary was consecrated by Mar Sarhad Yawsip Jammo on July 25, 2008.  Fr. Andrew Younan was appointed as the seminary's rector and Mar Bawai Soro was assigned to the post of spiritual director for those discerning the priesthood. The seminary proper has dorms for as many as 10 men, and there is another building on the land which is the Institute of Mar Abba the Great which is home to a chapel, library, and a classroom.

Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Saint Peter the Apostle of San Diego
Chaldean Eparchy of Saint Peter the Apostle (Latin: Eparchia Sancti Petri Apostoli urbis Sancti Didaci Chaldaeorum) is a Chaldean Catholic Church eparchy of the Catholic Church in the Western United States.

It practices the  Syro-Oriental Rite in the Syriac/Arameic language. It is exempt, i.e., immediately subject to the Holy See, not part of any ecclesiastical province. Its cathedral episcopal see is St. Peter's Chaldean Catholic Cathedral, located in El Cajon, California.
Charles Nodier
Jean Charles Emmanuel Nodier (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʃaʁl emanɥɛl nɔdje]; 29 April 1780 – 27 January 1844) was a French author and librarian who introduced a younger generation of Romanticists to the conte fantastique, gothic literature, and vampire tales. His dream related writings influenced the later works of Gérard de Nerval.

Gérard de Nerval
Gérard de Nerval (French: [ʒeʁaʁ də nɛʁval]; 22 May 1808 – 26 January 1855), was the pen name of Gérard Labrunie, a French travel writer, essayist, poet, and translator. He was a major figure during the era of French romanticism, and best known for his novellas and poems, especially the collection Les Filles du feu (The Daughters of Fire), which included the novella Sylvie and the poem "El Desdichado". Through his translations, Nerval played a major role in introducing French readers to the works of German Romantic authors, including Klopstock, Schiller, Bürger and Goethe. His later work merged poetry and journalism in a fictional context and influenced Marcel Proust. His last novella, Aurélia ou le rêve et la vie, influenced André Breton and Surrealism.
Ejnar Mikkelsen Range
Ejnar Mikkelsen Range (Danish: Ejnar Mikkelsen Fjeld) is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Sermersooq Municipality.

The range is part of the greater Watkins Range and is named after Danish polar explorer Ejnar Mikkelsen. The highest peak is one of the most impressive mountains in Greenland and has a good reputation among alpinists. It was first climbed in 1970 by Andrew Ross leading a Scottish team, and for the second time in 1998 by Roland Aeschimann leading a Swiss team.

Watkins Range
The Watkins Range (Danish: Watkins Bjerge)  is Greenland's highest mountain range. It is located in King Christian IX Land, Sermersooq municipality.

The range was named after British Arctic explorer Gino Watkins.
Higashi, Shibuya
Higashi (東) is a residential district of the Shibuya ward in Tokyo surrounded by the residential areas of Hiroo, Ebisu, Daikanyama and Aoyama. Prince Hitachi and Princess Hitachi have their official residence in a palace in large gardens off Komazawadori in Higashi.

The main campus of the Kokugakuin University is in Higashi. All literature, economics, law and Shinto studies students populate the Shibuya campus. At the end of January, 2006, it was decided that the name of the main building, which was recently developed, would be Wakagi Tower (若木タワー, Wakagi Tawā).

Shibuya Station and Ebisu Station serve as the nearest rail stations. There are bus services from Shibuya and Ebisu, serving the educational campuses in Higashi and the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center in Hiroo.

Hiroo, Shibuya
Hiroo (広尾) is a district of Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. Abutting Ebisu, Minami-Azabu, Nishi-Azabu and Minami-Aoyama, Hiroo is an upmarket residential and shopping neighborhood in central Tokyo.

As of October, 2020, the population of this district is 15,263. The postal code for Hiroo is 150-0012.

According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, as of 2020, the residential land prices on Hiroo 2-chōme and 3-chōme are as high as ¥1,350,000/m2 and ¥1,260,000/m2, respectively.

Located on Minami-Azabu, the Hiroo Station of Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line is the nearest subway station to Hiroo.
Hilary Hahn
Hilary Hahn (born November 27, 1979) is an American violinist. A three-time Grammy Award winner, she has performed throughout the world as a soloist with leading orchestras and conductors, and as a recitalist. She is an avid supporter of contemporary classical music, and several composers have written works for her, including concerti by Edgar Meyer and Jennifer Higdon, partitas by Antón García Abril, two serenades for violin and orchestra by Einojuhani Rautavaara, and a violin and piano sonata by Lera Auerbach.

Edgar Meyer
Edgar Meyer (born November 24, 1960) is an American bassist and composer. His styles include classical, bluegrass, newgrass, and jazz. He has won seven Grammy Awards and been nominated ten times.

Meyer is a member of the Telluride Bluegrass Festival's "house band" super group, along with Sam Bush, Béla Fleck, Jerry Douglas, Stuart Duncan, and Bryan Sutton. His collaborators have spanned a wide range of musical styles and talents; among them are Joshua Bell, Hilary Hahn, Yo-Yo Ma, Tessa Lark, Jerry Douglas, Béla Fleck, Zakir Hussain, Sam Bush, Stuart Duncan, Chris Thile, Mike Marshall, Mark O'Connor, Christian McBride, and Emanuel Ax.
Delta E effect
The Delta E (ΔE) effect is a magnetomechanical effect. The name refers to changes in the effective elastic moduli of a magnetostrictive material, particularly the Young's modulus E, when a magnetic field is applied to a material.

This effect is connected to the tendency of a previously bent rod, made of magnetostrictive material, to straighten when subjected to a magnetic field applied along the rod's axis. This macroscopic effect is sometimes called the Guillemin effect, attributed to Claude-Marie Guillemin who first discussed the effect in 1846. The first explanations to the ΔE effect were given in the 1930s.

Magnetomechanical effect
In magnetism, a magnetomechanical effect or a magnetoelastic effect is a phenomenon of changing the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials by applying external stresses. The application of external stresses alters the flux density of a magnetized ferromagnet, and thus the shape, and size of its hysteresis loops. Various effects exist, depending on the material.

The first person to identify a magnetomechanical effect was James Prescott Joule in 1842.
Mike Sodrel
Michael Eugene Sodrel (born December 17, 1945) is an American politician and businessman who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Indiana's 9th congressional district from 2005 to 2007. Sodrel launched another run against incumbent Democratic Rep. Baron Hill in 2010 – his fifth straight run for Congress in the ninth district. However, he lost the Republican nomination to Bloomington attorney Todd Young, who won the general election.

In 2022, after a twelve-year political retirement, Sodrel announced he was running for his old seat in the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana. He would lose the Republican primary to State Senator Erin Houchin.

Todd Young
Todd Christopher Young (born August 24, 1972) is an American politician and attorney serving as the senior United States senator from Indiana, a seat he has held since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, Young previously served as the U.S. representative for Indiana's 9th congressional district. He was elected to the United States Senate in the November 8, 2016, general election, succeeding retiring Republican Dan Coats, and became Indiana's senior senator in January 2019 when Joe Donnelly left the seat following his defeat. From 2019 to 2021, he served as the chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. Young was reelected in 2022.
William, Duke of Nassau
Wilhelm (Given names: Georg Wilhelm August Heinrich Belgicus; 14 June 1792, Kirchheimbolanden – 20/30 August 1839, Bad Kissingen) was joint sovereign Duke of Nassau, along with his father's cousin Frederick Augustus, reigning from 1816 until 1839. He was also sovereign Prince of Nassau-Weilburg from 1816 until its incorporation into the duchy of Nassau.

Frederick Augustus died in 1816 and Wilhelm inherited the Usingen territories and became sole sovereign of the Duchy of Nassau.

He is the father of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Queen Sophia of Sweden and Norway, consort of King Oscar II and a 3rd cousin of William III of the Netherlands, who left a surviving daughter to rule his main realm, but the crown of Luxembourg went through the male line, looking to 17 generations back, to pass to the Duke of Nassau and then his descendants.

Sophia of Nassau
Sophia of Nassau (Sophia Wilhelmine Marianne Henriette; 9 July 1836 – 30 December 1913), also Sofia, was Queen of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar II. She was Queen of Sweden for 35 years, longer than anyone before her, and the longest-serving queen until 2011, when she was surpassed by Queen Silvia. She is also the most recent woman to have been officially Dowager Queen of Sweden.
Pepin of Italy
Pepin or Pippin (born Carloman), (777 – 8 July 810) was King of Italy from 781 until his death in 810. He was the third son of Charlemagne (and his second with Queen Hildegard). Upon his baptism in 781, Carloman was renamed Pepin, where he was also crowned as king of the Lombard Kingdom his father had conquered. Pepin ruled the kingdom from a young age under Charlemagne, but predeceased his father. His son Bernard was named king of Italy after him, and his descendants were the longest-surviving direct male line of the Carolingian dynasty.

Bernard of Italy
Bernard (797 – 17 April 818) was the King of Italy, from 810 to 817, within the Carolingian Empire. He was an illegitimate son and successor of King Pepin of Italy. He plotted against his uncle, Emperor Louis the Pious, when the latter's Ordinatio Imperii made Bernard a vassal of his cousin Lothair. When his plot was discovered, Louis had him deposed by the end of 817, and then condemned and blinded, a procedure which killed him.
Imakita Kosen
Imakita Kōsen (今北 洪川; 3 August 1816 – 16 January 1892) was a Japanese Rinzai Zen rōshi and Neo-Confucianist.

Kosen did his Zen training under Daisetsu Shoen (1797–1855) at Sōkoku-ji and received inka from Gisan Zenkai at Sōgen-ji in Okayama. Kosen was instrumental in bringing Zen to lay practitioners and to the west. Kosen's Dharma heir Soyen Shaku participated in the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago, which introduced Soyen Shaku's student D. T. Suzuki to Paul Carus and western Theosophy. Kosen's dharma descendant Tetsuo Sōkatsu established Ningen Zen Kyodan, an independent lay-Rinzai school.

As one-time head abbot of Engaku-ji in Kamakura, Japan, he was known as a government loyalist and is remembered for his support of Emperor Meiji—in the 1870s serving as Doctrinal Instructor for the Ministry of Doctrine.

Soyen Shaku
Soyen Shaku (釈 宗演, January 10, 1860 – October 29, 1919; written in modern Japanese Shaku Sōen or Kōgaku Shaku Sōen) was the first Zen Buddhist master to teach in the United States. He was a rōshi of the Rinzai school and was abbot of both Kenchō-ji and Engaku-ji temples in Kamakura, Japan. Soyen was a disciple of Imakita Kosen.
Jakarta Islamic Centre
Jakarta Islamic Centre (JIC) is a center for Islamic studies and research in Koja, Jakarta, Indonesia. Activities of JIC include ZISWAF empowerment, education (TPA, Madrasah, Community Learning Center), socio-economic activities (mosque cooperatives), regular recitations, Tabligh Akbar, and celebrations of Islamic holidays.

Koja, Jakarta
Koja is a district of North Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known as the location of Kampung Tugu, a historic Portuguese-influenced neighborhood in North Jakarta.

Koja contains the eastern section of Tanjung Priok Port (which contains the Container Terminal 1, Container Terminal 3, and Koja Container Terminal), Jakarta's main port. The Sunter Canal flows to the sea via Koja, its outlet lies on the boundary between Koja District and Cilincing District.

The boundaries of Koja is Jakarta Bay to the north, Laksamana Yos Sudarso Tollway to the west, Pelabuhan Minyak - Kali Baru - Kramat Jaya Road - Kali Cakung to the east, and Kali Batik to the south.
Melanchlaeni
The Melanchlaeni, also known as the Saudaratae, were an ancient Scythian tribe whose existence was recorded by ancient Graeco-Roman authors.

The Melanchlaeni were closely related to the Androphagi and the Budini.

Budini
The Budini (Ancient Greek: Βουδῖνοι) were an ancient Scythian tribe whose existence was recorded by ancient Graeco-Roman authors.

The Budini were closely related to the Androphagi and the Melanchlaeni.
DJGPP
DJ's GNU Programming Platform (DJGPP) is a software development suite for Intel 80386-level and above, IBM PC compatibles which supports DOS operating systems. It is guided by DJ Delorie, who began the project in 1989. It is a port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), and mostly GNU utilities such as Bash, find, tar, ls, GAWK, sed, and ld to DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI). Supported languages include C, C++, Objective-C/C++, Ada, Fortran, and Pascal.  It was originally called DJGCC, and was later renamed from DJGCC to DJGPP when C++ support was added, though the "PP" was said to stand for "Programming Platform" rather than "Plus Plus".

DOS Protected Mode Interface
In computing, the DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI) is a specification introduced in 1989 which allows a DOS program to run in protected mode, giving access to many features of the new PC processors of the time not available in real mode. It was initially developed by Microsoft for Windows 3.0, although Microsoft later turned control of the specification over to an industry committee with open membership. Almost all modern DOS extenders are based on DPMI and allow DOS programs to address all memory available in the PC and to run in protected mode (mostly in ring 3, least privileged).