hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scholarly method
The scholarly method or scholarship is the body of principles and practices used by scholars and academics to make their claims about their subjects of expertise. These principles and practices aim to ensure the validity and trustworthiness of the claims, and to disseminate them to the scholarly community. It comprises the methods that systemically advance the teaching, research, and practice of a scholarly or academic field of study through rigorous inquiry. Scholarship is creative, can be documented, can be replicated, or elaborated, and that can be and is peer reviewed through various methods. The scholarly method includes the subcategories of the scientific method, with which scientists use to bolster their claims, and the historical method, with which historians use to verify their claims.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
British Forces Overseas Hong Kong
The British Forces Overseas Hong Kong comprised the elements of the British Army, Royal Navy (including Royal Marines) and Royal Air Force stationed in British Hong Kong. The Governor of Hong Kong also assumed the position of the commander-in-chief of the forces and the Commander British Forces in Hong Kong took charge of the daily deployment of the troops. Much of the British military left prior to the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997. The present article focuses mainly on the British garrison in Hong Kong in the post Second World War era. For more information concerning the British garrison during the Second World War and earlier, see the Battle of Hong Kong.

Commander British Forces in Hong Kong
The Commander British Forces in Hong Kong (CBF) was a senior British Army officer who acted as Military Advisor to the Governor of Hong Kong and was in charge of the Hong Kong British Forces. The officeholder of this post concurrently assumed the office of the Lieutenant Governor of Hong Kong before the abolition of the position in 1902.
Andy Richards
Andrew John Richards (born 26 October 1952) is an English pianist, composer, music producer and keyboardist.

Richards has played with artists including Frankie Goes to Hollywood, George Michael, Propaganda, Grace Jones, Rush, Annie Lennox, Gary Moore, Pet Shop Boys, Godley & Creme, Dusty Springfield, Petula Clark, Strawbs, OMD, Malcolm McLaren, Nik Kershaw, T'Pau, Maddy Prior and Denny Laine. Richards has performed and programmed keyboards on eight UK No. 1 singles, namely: "Relax" (1984) and "Two Tribes" (1984) by Frankie Goes to Hollywood, "Careless Whisper" (1984) by George Michael, "The Lady in Red" (1986) by Chris de Burgh, "It's a Sin" (1987), "Always on My Mind" (1987) and "Heart" (1988) by Pet Shop Boys, and "Spaceman" (1996) by Babylon Zoo.

Richards worked on films including Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), Touching the Void (2003), The Last King of Scotland (2006), Slumdog Millionaire (2009), which gained two Academy Awards for the music, and 127 Hours (2010).

Propaganda (band)
Propaganda is a German synth-pop band formed in Düsseldorf in 1982. They signed a recording contract with the UK label ZTT Records in 1983 and released their first single "Dr. Mabuse" in 1984. Their debut studio album, the critically acclaimed A Secret Wish, was released in mid-1985, and contained both "Dr. Mabuse" and the hit single "Duel" (both singles were UK Top 30 hits). A second studio album, 1234, was recorded with a markedly different line-up and released in 1990 by Virgin Records to less success. There have been several partial reformations of the group in the 21st century, with the original vocalists Claudia Brücken and Susanne Freytag currently active as xPropaganda who released a new album in 2022, and the remaining original members Ralf Dörper and Michael Mertens continuing as Propaganda and releasing an album in 2024 with a guest vocalist Thunder Bae.
Charlie Says (2018 film)
Charlie Says is a 2018 American biographical drama film directed by Mary Harron and starring Hannah Murray as Leslie Van Houten and Matt Smith as infamous cult leader Charles Manson.

It had its world premiere at the 75th Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2018, and was released on May 10, 2019, by IFC Films.

Hannah Murray
Tegan Lauren-Hannah Murray (born 1 July 1989) is an English actress. She played Cassie in Skins (2007–2008, 2013) and Gilly in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones (2012–2019), for which she has been nominated along with her castmates for three Screen Actors Guild Awards. Her film roles include the 2014 musical romance film Stuart Murdoch's God Help The Girl which won her a Special Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival, and 2015 drama film Jeppe Rønde's Bridgend for which she won the Tribeca Film Festival for Best Actress Award.

Between her screen roles she appeared on stage in Polly Stenham's play That Face in West End (2008) and in the off West End play Martine (2014).
Cathedral of the Archangel
The Cathedral of the Archangel (Russian: Архангельский собор, romanized: Arkhangel'skiy sobor) is a Russian Orthodox church dedicated to the Archangel Michael. It is located in Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin in Russia between the Great Kremlin Palace and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower. It was the main necropolis of the tsars of Russia until the relocation of the capital to St. Petersburg.

It was constructed between 1505 and 1508 under the supervision of the Italian architect Aloisio the New on the spot of an older cathedral, built in 1333. Now it also serves as a part of Moscow Kremlin Museums.

Aloisio the New
Aloisio the New (Russian: Алевиз Новый, romanized: Aleviz Novyy) or Aleviz Fryazin (Russian: Алевиз Фрязин) was an Italian Renaissance architect invited by Ivan III of Russia to work in Moscow. Some Italian scholars have attempted to identify him with the Venetian sculptor Alvise Lamberti da Montagnana, but this is still widely disputed. He was one of the four senior Italian masters to work in Russia, along with Aristotele Fioravanti, Pietro Antonio Solari, and Petrok Maly.
Mandate (magazine)
Mandate was a monthly pornographic magazine for gay men. It was published in the United States and distributed internationally since April, 1975. Together with the other magazines of the Mavety Group, such as Black Inches, it folded in 2009.

Black Inches
Black Inches (ISSN 1084-2462) was a US-based gay pornographic magazine featuring African-American men. Published by Mavety Media alongside magazines such as Mandate, it was established in 1993 and folded in 2009.
Hook's Tavern
Hook's Tavern or Hook Tavern was a late 18th-century tavern along the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) east of Capon Bridge in Hampshire County, West Virginia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 29, 2011. It burned in an alleged arson on October 14, 2022.

Capon Bridge, West Virginia
Capon Bridge is a town in eastern Hampshire County, West Virginia, United States, along the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50), approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Winchester, Virginia. The population was 418 at the 2020 census.
Chubasco (film)
Chubasco is a 1968 American drama film written and directed by Allen H. Miner. The film stars Richard Egan, Christopher Jones, Susan Strasberg, Ann Sothern, Simon Oakland and Audrey Totter. The film was released by Warner Bros.-Seven Arts on June 5, 1968.

Susan Strasberg
Susan Elizabeth Strasberg (May 22, 1938 – January 21, 1999) was an American stage, film, and television actress. Thought to be the next Hepburn-type ingenue, she was nominated for a Tony Award at age 18, playing the title role in The Diary of Anne Frank. She appeared on the covers of LIFE and Newsweek in 1955. A close friend of Marilyn Monroe, she wrote two best-selling tell-all books. Her later career primarily consisted of slasher and horror films, followed by TV roles, by the 1980s.
Anime salve
Anime salve is the final album released by Italian singer/songwriter Fabrizio De André in 1996. It was written together with fellow Genoan Ivano Fossati. In a 2011 interview within the DVD documentary series Dentro Faber [i.e. Inside Faber] about De André's life and works, Fossati stated that he and De André composed all the music for the album by actually playing together in the latter's country house in Sardinia, working on almost-complete lyrics by De André, to which Fossati added a few lines. He is featured as a guest singer on the title track and on "Â cúmba" (which features De André and Fossati respectively as "the suitor" and "the father"). Fossati also guested in some of De André's live shows from the era, where he was introduced by the latter as "a great guy with two huge defects: he's a friend of mine, and a Sampdoria supporter."

Ivano Fossati
Ivano Alberto Fossati (born 21 September 1951) is an Italian pop singer from Genoa. He was a member of the progressive rock group Delirium and has worked with Fabrizio De André, Riccardo Tesi, Anna Oxa, Mia Martini, Ornella Vanoni, Shirley Bassey, Francesco De Gregori, Menudo and Mina.

In October 2011, after the release of the album Decadancing, Fossati announced during Fabio Fazio's TV show Che tempo che fa that he decided to end his music career: "I've been thinking a lot about it, not in the last days, but during last two or three years. This will be my last album, and I won't record any new album. And my next tour will be the last one." Fossati's last concert was held at the Teatro Piccolo in Milan, on 19 March 2012.

On November 25, 2023, Ivano Fosssati and other author of ''Jesahel'' (Oscar Prudente) together with Universal Music Group sue Public Enemy for plagiarism, since Fossati and Prudente are not recognized as co-authors of "Harder Than You Think"
Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism
In theoretical physics, the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formalism (named for Igor Batalin and Grigori Vilkovisky) was developed as a method for determining the ghost structure for Lagrangian gauge theories, such as gravity and supergravity, whose corresponding Hamiltonian formulation has constraints not related to a Lie algebra (i.e., the role of Lie algebra structure constants are played by more general structure functions). The BV formalism, based on an action that contains both fields and "antifields", can be thought of as a vast generalization of the original BRST formalism for pure Yang–Mills theory to an arbitrary Lagrangian gauge theory. Other names for the Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism are field-antifield formalism, Lagrangian BRST formalism, or BV–BRST formalism. It should not be confused with the Batalin–Fradkin–Vilkovisky (BFV) formalism, which is the Hamiltonian counterpart.

Lie superalgebra
In mathematics, a Lie superalgebra is a generalisation of a Lie algebra to include a ‑grading. Lie superalgebras are important in theoretical physics where they are used to describe the mathematics of supersymmetry.

The notion of  grading used here is distinct from a second  grading having cohomological origins. A graded Lie algebra (say, graded by  or ) that is anticommutative and has a graded Jacobi identity also has a  grading; this is the "rolling up" of the algebra into odd and even parts. This rolling-up is not normally referred to as "super".  Thus, supergraded Lie superalgebras carry a pair of ‑gradations: one of which is supersymmetric, and the other is classical.  Pierre Deligne calls the supersymmetric one the super gradation, and the classical one the cohomological gradation.  These two gradations must be compatible, and there is often disagreement as to how they should be regarded.
Mildef Tarantula HMAV
The Mildef Tarantula HMAV is a Malaysian 4×4 V-hull mine-resistant infantry mobility vehicle that provides high-level protection against a variety of battlefield threats such as mines and improvised explosive devices. The vehicle was designed and manufactured by Mildef International Technologies alongside the Science Technology Research Institute for Defense (STRIDE) and the Malaysian Armed Forces. It was launched on 11 February 2021.

The vehicle was developed as a wheeled armoured personnel carrier with mine-resistance capability and good agility on the battlefield. It was developed to reduce dependence on foreign-made armored vehicles.

Mildef International Technologies
Mildef International Technologies, doing business as Mildef 
(formerly Kembara Suci Sdn. Bhd.), is a Malaysian private company established in 2005. Its main business is related to the defense sector especially in land vehicle. This involved the development, manufacture and distribution of military and law enforcement vehicles, as well as providing maintenance services.
Zabata
Zabata (transl. The Code) is a 1993 Pakistani action film, directed by Jahangir Mughal and produced by Haji Ahsan Ali. The film stars Sultan Rahi, Babra Sharif,  Zahir Shah, Albela, Shafqat Cheema and Humayun Qureshi.

Zahir Shah (actor)
Zahir Shah (Urdu: ظاہر شاہ) (1947 – 13 June 2017) was a Pakistani film actor working in Lollywood. He is best known for playing villainous roles in Punjabi films. He has been credited with working in over 600 films. He was introduced to film industry through the film Yaari Dosti by director Altaf Hussain. Later in his career, Shah also briefly worked at theater as a stage actor.
Missouri Route 265
Route 265 is a highway in southwestern Missouri.  Its northern terminus is at Interstate 44 in Mount Vernon; its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 65 (for which it was numbered after) south of Branson.  Much of the highway is concurrent with other routes (including Route 39, U.S. Route 60, Route 413, Route 13, Route 76, and Route 165). It is also known as the Ozark Mountain Parkway.

Missouri Route 39
Route 39 is a two-lane highway in southwestern Missouri.  Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 54 between Collins and El Dorado Springs at the community of Cedar Springs; its southern terminus is at the Arkansas state line (north of Berryville, Arkansas) where it continues as Highway 221.

Route 39 is one of the original 1922 state highways.  At that time, its southern terminus was at the Dade/Lawrence County line south of Pennsboro.

There is a short Business Route 39 in Mount Vernon.
Divine light
In theology, divine light (also called divine radiance or divine refulgence) is an aspect of divine presence perceived as light during a theophany or vision, or represented as such in allegory or metaphor.

Light has always been associated with a religious and philosophical symbolic meaning, considered a source of not only physical but metaphysical illumination, as a metaphor for the revelation of a truth hidden in the shadows.

The value of light often recurs in history of philosophy, especially Neoplatonic, in the course of which it is understood both as a structural component of every being, including physical ones, and as a metaphor of spiritual light.

Divine illumination
According to divine illumination, the process of human thought needs to be aided by divine grace. It is the oldest and most influential alternative to naturalism in the theory of mind and epistemology.  It was an important feature of ancient Greek philosophy, Neoplatonism, medieval philosophy, and the Illuminationist school of Islamic philosophy.
Puerto Rico Olympic Committee
The Puerto Rico Olympic Committee (IOC Code: PUR; Spanish: Comité Olímpico de Puerto Rico, COPUR) is the National Olympic Committee for Puerto Rico. It oversees Olympic-sports in Puerto Rico, and selects the Olympic team which represents the island. It was founded by Julio Enrique Monagas, and was officially recognized in 1948. The COPUR operates the Casa Olímpica, its headquarters in Old San Juan. Teams representing Puerto Rico have participated in every Summer Olympics since 1948. They have also participated at the 1984–2002 and 2018–2026 Winter Olympics.

Five Puerto Ricans have received the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) Olympic Order award. In 2012, Sara Rosario became the first woman to serve as President of the COPUR. Past presidents include the island's first native Governor, Jesús T. Piñero.

Julio Enrique Monagas
Julio Enrique Monagas (1900/1903 – 14 July 1984) was a Puerto Rican sports editor and administrator considered the father of Olympic sports in Puerto Rico. Through his efforts, Puerto Rico was admitted into the Olympic Games in 1948. Monagas was also the first director Puerto Rico's Public Recreation and Parks Commission, and the first president of the Central American and Caribbean Sports Organization.
David Musil
David Musil (born April 9, 1993) is a Canadian born-Czech ice hockey player who is currently playing under contract to HC Dynamo Pardubice in the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He was a second-round selection of the Edmonton Oilers in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.  SKA Saint Petersburg picked Musil in the first round, 12th overall of the 2010 KHL Junior Draft.  He played junior hockey in the Western Hockey League for the Vancouver Giants and the Edmonton Oil Kings. Musil was born in Canada, and raised in the Czech Republic.  He represents the Czech Republic in international play.

Vancouver Giants
The Vancouver Giants are a Canadian major junior ice hockey team based in Langley, British Columbia, and playing in the Western Hockey League (WHL). Founded in 2001, the Giants won the Ed Chynoweth Cup as league champions in 2006 and the Memorial Cup as Canadian junior champions in 2007. The team was based in the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, the former arena of the National Hockey League's Vancouver Canucks, until moving to the Langley Events Centre in 2016.
Cherkizovskaya
Cherkizovskaya (Russian: Черки́зовскаяpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in the Preobrazhenskoye District, Eastern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad and Ulitsa Podbelskogo stations.

Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad
Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad (Russian: Преображе́нская пло́щадьpronunciationⓘ, English: Transfiguration Square) is a Moscow Metro station in the Preobrazhenskoye District, Eastern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Sokolniki and Cherkizovskaya stations.
Okhansk
Okhansk (Russian: Оха́нск) is a town and the administrative center of Okhansky District in Perm Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River, 119 kilometers (74 mi) southwest of Perm, the administrative center of the krai. Population:  7,250 (2010 census); 7,994 (2002 census); 8,414 (1989 Soviet census).

Okhansky District
Okhansky District (Russian: Оха́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Okhansky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 1,516 square kilometers (585 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Okhansk. Population:  16,272 (2010 Census); 17,873 (2002 Census); 18,747 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Okhansk accounts for 44.6% of the district's total population.
E. C. Cawte
Edwin Christopher Cawte (3 September 1932 – 27 July 2019) was an English folklorist. While at university, he became interested in English folk dance, joining a morris side and beginning to research rapper dance. He later collaborated with Alex Helm, Norman Peacock and Roger Marriott in researching English folk traditions; out of this collaboration came joint publications on ceremonial dance and drama. After the death of Helm, Cawte published the monograph Ritual Animal Disguise. He was also an important figure in the revival of the border morris tradition.

Alex Helm
Alex Helm (1920–1970) was a British folklorist, described as "one of the most important figures in the study of calendar custom and [folk] dance in post-war England". Helm served in India during the Second World War, before working as a teacher for the rest of his career. As a folklorist, he worked on English ritual dance and drama, publishing "A Geographical Index of the Ceremonial Dance in Great Britain" in two parts in 1960 and 1961, and English Ritual Drama: A Geographical Index in 1967.
SV Sandhausen
Sportverein Sandhausen 1916 e.V., commonly known as simply SV Sandhausen or  Sandhausen, is a German association football club that plays in Sandhausen, immediately to the south of Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg. It is Germany's smallest professional football club.

The club's greatest success came in 2011–12 when it won the 3. Liga and earned promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
2025 Mapinduzi Cup
The 2025 Mapinduzi Cup was an international association football friendly tournament that took place at the Gombani Stadium in Zanzibar. It was contested by four teams between 3 and 13 January 2025.

The tournament culminated in the final on 13 January which was contested by hosts Zanzibar and Burkina Faso. Goals from Ibrahim Hilika and Haji Cheda help Zanzibar to a 2–1 victory as the won the competition.

Burkina Faso national football team
The Burkina Faso national football team (French: Équipe de football du Burkina Faso) represents Burkina Faso in men's international football and is controlled by the Burkinabé Football Federation. They were known as the Upper Volta national football team until 1984, when Upper Volta became Burkina Faso. They finished fourth in the 1998 Africa Cup of Nations, when they hosted the tournament. Their best ever finish in the tournament was the 2013 edition, reaching the final.
Sherwood Pictures
Sherwood Pictures is an American independent Christian film production company in Albany, Georgia, United States. It is unusual among production companies in that it is a ministry of a local church, Sherwood Baptist Church. The company uses mostly volunteers in their productions. It was founded in 2003 by Alex Kendrick, the associate pastor of media for Sherwood Baptist Church with $20,000 in donations.

The company's first film was Flywheel (2003), but it is best known for Facing the Giants (2006), Fireproof (2008), the highest-grossing independent film of the year, Courageous (2011), and Courageous Legacy (2021).  The Kendrick Brothers have also produced War Room (2015), Overcomer (2019), Show Me the Father (2021), Lifemark (2022), and The Forge (2024) although they're not Sherwood Pictures films.

Facing the Giants
Facing the Giants is a 2006 American Christian drama sports film directed by and starring Alex Kendrick. The supporting cast was composed of volunteers from Sherwood Baptist Church, and it is the second film that Sherwood Pictures has done. Shot in Albany, Georgia, the film tells an underdog story about American football from a Christian worldview. The film made $10.2 million on a $100,000 budget.