hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maurice Meisner
Maurice Jerome Meisner (November 17, 1931 – January 23, 2012) was an American sinologist and professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He studied the Chinese Communist Revolution and the People's Republic and held a strong interest in socialist ideology, Marxism, and Maoism in particular. He authored a number of books including Mao's China: A History of the People's Republic which became a standard academic text for scholars in the field.

Mao's China and After
Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic is a book by Maurice Meisner. It is a revision of Mao's China: A History of the People's Republic (1977).

Meisner often found his work needed fundamental revision. The first edition of his book was finished just a few weeks before Mao Zedong's death in 1976. A second edition, published in 1986 as Mao's China and After. The book also analyzed the changes that happened with the reforms of Deng Xiaoping. A third edition, published in 1999, studied the origins and consequences of Chinese capitalism.

Rebecca Karl wrote "[h]aving taught his Mao's China and After, I knew that a theoretically coherent and analytically challenging text was possible to use in the classroom."
Dominy craftsmen
The Dominy craftsmen were a family made up of American clock, furniture, and watch makers  in East Hampton, New York. Nathaniel Dominy IV, his son, Nathaniel V, and his grandson, Felix Dominy were active from about 1760 to 1840. Works created by the Dominys are in the collections of Winterthur Museum, Garden, and Library. As of 2022, a museum dedicated to the Dominys is under construction in East Hampton.

Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library is an American estate and museum in Winterthur, Delaware. Winterthur houses one of the richest collections of Americana in the United States. The museum and estate were the home of Henry Francis du Pont (1880–1969), Winterthur's founder and a prominent antiques collector and horticulturist.
Karelian question
The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Finnish: Karjala-kysymys, Swedish: Karelska frågan, Russian: Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over the section of Karelia ceded to the Soviet Union in the Moscow Peace Treaty. Despite the name "Karelian question", the term may refer also to the return of Petsamo (ceded in the Moscow Armistice), ceded parts of Salla and Kuusamo, and four islands in the Gulf of Finland. Sometimes the phrase "debate on the return of the ceded territories" (luovutettujen alueiden palautuskeskustelu, Swedish: debatten om tillbakalämningen av de avträdda territorierna) is used. The Karelian question remains a matter of public debate rather than a political issue.

Moscow Peace Treaty
The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War, upon which Finland ceded border areas to the Soviet Union. The treaty was signed by Vyacheslav Molotov, Andrei Zhdanov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky for the Soviet Union, and Risto Ryti, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Rudolf Walden and Väinö Voionmaa for Finland. The terms of the treaty were not reversed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Karelian question refers to the debate within Finland over the possible reacquisition of this ceded territory.
Rubén González (pianist)
Rubén González Fontanills (26 May 1919 – 8 December 2003) was a Cuban pianist. Together with Lilí Martínez and Peruchín he is said to have "forged the style of modern Cuban piano playing in the 1940s".

Between the 1940s and his retirement in the 1980s, he played with Cuba's most successful acts, including Paulina Álvarez, Arsenio Rodríguez, Orquesta América del 55, Orquesta Riverside and Enrique Jorrín. In the 1990s, he came out of retirement to play in the revival ensembles Afro-Cuban All Stars and Buena Vista Social Club, also recording solo material and performing live until 2002.

Enrique Jorrín
Enrique Jorrín (December 25, 1926 – December 12, 1987) was a Cuban charanga violinist, composer and music director. He is considered the inventor of the cha-cha-chá, a popular style of ballroom music derived from danzón.
John Inman
Frederick John Inman (28 June 1935 – 8 March 2007) was an English actor and singer best known for his role as Mr. Humphries in Are You Being Served?, a British sitcom between 1972 and 1985, and the spin-off series Grace and Favour. He was the only actor from those series to reprise the role when an Australian version was launched.

In 1976, Inman was named both BBC TV Personality of the Year and TV Times readers' Funniest Man on Television. He was also a well-known character actor in the United Kingdom as a pantomime dame.

Are You Being Served? (Australian TV series)
Are You Being Served? is an Australian sitcom that is based on the British sitcom of the same name; it was produced by Network Ten. A total of 16 episodes were produced in two series, which aired in 1980 and 1981. The draw-card was the presence of actor John Inman reprising his role of Mr. Humphries from the original series. The other characters were all directly based on the regular characters in the show's original British version, but were all given new names, hence there were no other returning original actors.

In comparison to the original series, Inman described this version of the series as "tighter - there's less padding". For the opening theme, Inman himself performed vocals.
Homestay
Homestay (also home stay and home-stay) is a form of hospitality and lodging whereby visitors share a residence with a local of the area (host) to which they are traveling. The length of stay can vary from one night to over a year and can be provided for free (gift economy), in exchange for monetary compensation, in exchange for a stay at the guest's property either simultaneously or at another time (home exchange), or in exchange for housekeeping or work on the host's property (barter economy). Homestays are examples of collaborative consumption and the sharing economy. Homestays are used by travelers; students who study abroad or participate in student exchange programs; and au pairs, who provide child care assistance and light household duties. They can be arranged via certain social networking services, online marketplaces, or academic institutions. Social networking services where hosts offer homestays for free are called hospitality exchange services.

Home exchange
Home exchange, also known as house swapping, is a form of lodging in which two parties agree to offer each other homestays for a set period of time. Since no monetary exchange takes place, it is a form of barter, collaborative consumption, and sharing. Home exchange can cover any type of residence including apartments, houses, holiday cottages, boats, or recreational vehicles. It can include an exchange of the entire home or just a room. The length of the swap can vary from a weekend to over a year. The swap can be simultaneous or non simultaneous. Home exchanges are usually arranged via specific types of social networking services, most of which charge a fee.

Like all homestays, home exchanges offer several advantages over hotel lodging, including a lower cost and opportunities for cultural diplomacy and friendship.

Some networks offer the ability to collect a security deposit.

Summer is traditionally the peak season for house swapping, as families travel during school breaks.
Benton Institute for Broadband & Society
The Benton Institute for Broadband & Society, until 2019 known as the Benton Foundation, is a nonprofit organization set up by former U.S. Senator William Benton and his wife, Helen Hemingway Benton. Their son, Charles Benton, served as chairman and CEO until his death in 2015.

The Benton Foundation was the owner of the Encyclopædia Britannica from 1974 until 1996, when it was bought by Jacqui Safra.

Charles Benton
Charles Benton (February 13, 1931 – April 29, 2015) was an American executive who was the CEO and chairman of the Benton Foundation, and CEO of Public Media Incorporated, a film and video publisher and distributor.
Dream Team (law)
The "Dream Team" refers to the team of trial lawyers that represented American athlete O. J. Simpson in his 1995 trial for the alleged murders of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman. The team included Robert Shapiro, Johnnie Cochran, Carl Douglas, Shawn Chapman Holley, Gerald Uelmen, Robert Kardashian, Alan Dershowitz, F. Lee Bailey, Barry Scheck, Peter Neufeld, Robert Blasier, Murrough O'Rourke and William Thompson.

Barry Scheck
Barry Charles Scheck (born September 19, 1949) is an American attorney and legal scholar. He received national media attention while serving on O. J. Simpson's defense team, collectively dubbed the "Dream Team", helping to win an acquittal in the highly publicized murder case. Scheck is the director of the Innocence Project and a professor at Yeshiva University's Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in New York City.
Gina Ortiz Jones
Gina Maria Ortiz Jones (born February 1, 1981) is an American politician and U.S. Air Force veteran serving as the 184th mayor of San Antonio, Texas since 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as Under Secretary of the Air Force from 2021 to 2023.

Jones was the 2018 Democratic nominee for Texas's 23rd congressional district, narrowly losing to the incumbent Republican Will Hurd. She ran again as the nominee for the seat in 2020, losing to Tony Gonzales in the general election. After her second loss, she served as Under Secretary of the Air Force in the Biden administration from 2021 to 2023.

She ran for mayor of San Antonio in the 2025 election, winning in a runoff. She is the first Asian-American female mayor of a major city in Texas, the first openly lesbian mayor of San Antonio, and the first female mayor in Texas to have served in war. Jones is also the first mayor since 2005 to have not previously served on San Antonio's city council.

Will Hurd
William Ballard Hurd (born August 19, 1977) is an American politician and former CIA clandestine officer who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 23rd congressional district from 2015 to 2021.

Following a nine-year stint with the CIA, Hurd ran for Congress in 2010 and was defeated in a runoff primary. Hurd ran for Congress again in 2014 and was successful. The district stretched approximately 550 miles (890 km) from San Antonio to El Paso along the U.S.-Mexican border. He was re-elected in 2016 and again in 2018, but did not seek re-election in 2020.

On June 22, 2023, Hurd announced that he was seeking the Republican nomination for president of the United States in the 2024 election. He dropped out of the race on October 9, 2023, and endorsed Nikki Haley.
Germanodactylus
Germanodactylus ("German finger") is a genus of germanodactylid pterodactyloid pterosaur from Upper Jurassic-age rocks of Germany, including the Solnhofen Limestone. Its specimens were long thought to pertain to Pterodactylus. The head crest of Germanodactylus is a distinctive feature.

Altmuehlopterus
Altmuehlopterus (meaning "Altmühl River wing") is a genus of pterosaur belonging to the Pterodactyloidea. It lived in the Late Jurassic of what is now Germany. It was formerly known as "Daitingopterus" (meaning "Daiting Wing"), a nomen nudum, informally coined in 2004.
13 Songs (Fugazi album)
13 Songs is a compilation album by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi, released on September 1, 1989, by Dischord Records. The album consists of all the songs from the band's first two EPs, Fugazi and Margin Walker. In regards to worldwide sales, it is the band's most commercially successful album, with a reported figure between 750,000 and 3 million sales.

Margin Walker
Margin Walker is the second EP by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi. It was originally released in June 1989 on vinyl and again in the same year on the compilation release 13 Songs along with the debut EP Fugazi. The 12" vinyl went out of print, but was remastered and reissued by Dischord Records in October 2009.
Line 10 (Beijing Subway)
Line 10 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁10号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě shíhào xiàn) is the second loop line in Beijing's rapid transit network as well as the second longest and most widely used line. The line is 57.024 km (35.433 mi) in length, and runs entirely underground through Haidian, Chaoyang and Fengtai Districts, either directly underneath or just beyond the 3rd Ring Road. The Line 10 loop is situated between 2 and 6 kilometres (1.243 and 3.728 mi) outside the Line 2 loop, and intersects with every subways line through the city centre, with 24 transfer stations and 45 stations in all. The line's color is capri.

Upon completion in May 2013, it held the record as the world's longest rapid transit loop line, an accolade it held until March 2023. It remains one of the longest entirely underground subway lines in the world, requiring 104 minutes to complete one full journey in either direction.

Line 8 (Beijing Subway)
Line 8 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁8号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě bāhàoxiàn) is a rapid transit line in Beijing. It sits on the central axis of Beijing. Line 8's color is green on all official maps, signage, and station branding. It is 49.5 km (30.8 mi) in length with 35 stations (34 in operation). The most recent extension is the central section from National Art Museum to Zhushikou, which opened on 31 December 2021.
Majang people
The Majang people, or Majangir, live in southwestern Ethiopia and speak a Nilo-Saharan language of the Surmic cluster. The 1998 census gave the total of the Majangir population as 15,341, but since they live scattered in the hills in dispersed settlements (Stauder 1971), their actual total number is undoubtedly much higher. They live around cities of Tepi, Mett'i, and scattered southwest of Mizan Teferi and towards Gambela.

Majang language
The Majang language is spoken by the Majangir people of Ethiopia. Although it is a member of the Surmic language cluster, it is the most isolated one in the group (Fleming 1983).  A language survey has shown that dialect variation from north to south is minor and does not seriously impede communication. The 2007 Ethiopian Census lists 6,433 speakers for Majang (Messengo), but also reports that the ethnic group consists of 32,822 individuals (Messengo and Mejengir). According to the census, almost no speakers can be found in Mezhenger Zone of Gambela Region; a total of eleven speakers are listed for the zone, but almost 10,000 ethnic Mejenger or Messengo people.
Magallanes Basin
The Magallanes Basin or Austral Basin is a major sedimentary basin in southern Patagonia. The basin covers a surface of about 170,000 to 200,000 square kilometres (66,000 to 77,000 sq mi) and has a NNW-SSE oriented shape. The basin is bounded to the west by the Andes mountains and is separated from the Malvinas Basin to the east by the Río Chico-Dungeness High. The basin evolved from being an extensional back-arc basin in the Mesozoic to being a compressional foreland basin in the Cenozoic. Rocks within the basin are Jurassic in age and include the Cerro Toro Formation. Three ages of the SALMA classification are defined in the basin; the Early Miocene Santacrucian from the Santa Cruz Formation and Friasian from the Río Frías Formation and the Pleistocene Ensenadan from the La Ensenada Formation.

The Magallanes Basin contains most of Chile's coal reserves dwarfing those found in the Arauco Basin or around Valdivia (e.g. Catamutún, Mulpún). Its coals are lignitic to sub-bituminous.

Friasian
The Friasian age is a period of geologic time (16.3–15.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It follows the Santacrucian and precedes the Colloncuran age.
Walton (horse)
Walton (1799 – December 1825) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. He raced until he was eight years old, winning sixteen of his twenty five races. His first race was in 1802, with his first big win, the Third Class of the Oatlands Stakes, coming in 1803. He went on to win eight King's Plates and recorded wins over several leading racehorses of the time. He was owned by Sir Hedworth Williamson throughout his racing career. Walton later became a successful stallion and was champion sire of Great Britain twice. He sired the Derby winner Phantom, 2000 Guineas winner Nectar and St. Leger winner St Patrick.

Phantom (horse)
Phantom (1808 – 1834) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1811 to April 1813 he ran ten times and won seven races. In the summer of 1811 he proved himself one of the best British colts of his generation, winning the Derby on his second racecourse appearance. He continued to race with considerable success for two more years, mainly in match races. He was retired to stud in 1814 and became a successful sire of winners before being exported to Mecklenburg in 1832.
John Mutorwa
John Mutorwa (born 17 August 1957) is a Namibian politician who served a deputy prime minister and Minister of Works and Transport. A member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Mutorwa has served in the National Assembly of Namibia as well as the cabinet from 1992 until 2020.

Ministry of Works and Transport (Namibia)
The Ministry of Works and Transport is a government ministry of Namibia. It was established in 1990 as Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communication and got its current name in 2008 when the communication portfolio was moved to the information ministry.

The head office is located in the MWT Head Office Building in Windhoek. As of 2020 John Mutorwa is the minister.
Secret Six (Chicago)
The Secret Six, officially known as the Crime Prevention and Punishment Committee of the Chicago Association of Commerce (CAC), was a well-funded and powerful vigilante enterprise established by the Association (now the Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce) in February 1930. The group inspired a movie by the same name, was credited by Al Capone for his downfall, helped launch Eliot Ness and his Untouchables, and briefly served as a model for vigilante organizations across America. The Secret Six investigated dozens of bombings, kidnappings, extortion cases, bank robberies, and other crimes, solving some of them and winning nationwide fame. However, after a series of mistakes and scandals, including accusations of bigamy, recklessness, and other improprieties against its agents, and a widely-publicized false-arrest lawsuit, the organization folded in January 1933.

Eliot Ness
Eliot Ness (April 19, 1903 – May 16, 1957) was an American Prohibition agent known for his efforts to bring down Al Capone while enforcing Prohibition in Chicago. He was leader of a team of law enforcement agents nicknamed The Untouchables, handpicked for their incorruptibility. The release of his memoir The Untouchables, months after his death, launched several screen portrayals establishing a posthumous fame for Ness as an incorruptible crime fighter.
Stanisław Kopański
General Stanisław Kopański (19 May 1895 – 23 March 1976) was a Polish military commander, politician, diplomat, an engineer and one of the best-educated Polish officers of the time, serving with distinction during World War II. He is best known as the creator and commander of the Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade and Polish 3rd Carpathian Infantry Division.

Between 1943 and 1946, he was Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces in the West.

Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade
Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (Polish Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich, SBSK) was a Polish military unit formed in 1940 in French Syria composed of Polish soldiers exiled after the invasion of Poland in 1939 as part of the Polish Army in France. It was commanded by General Stanisław Kopański.

The division fought with distinction in the North African Campaign of World War II, notably during the Siege of Tobruk. In 1942 it formed the backbone of the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division.
Weiler-la-Tour
Weiler-la-Tour (Luxembourgish: Weiler zum Tuer, German: Weiler zum Turm) is a commune and small town in southern Luxembourg. It is located south-east of Luxembourg City.  The commune's administrative centre is Hassel.

As of 2025, the town of Weiler-la-Tour, which lies in the south of the commune, has a population of 1,049.  Other towns within the commune include Hassel and Syren.

Hassel, Luxembourg
Hassel (German pronunciation: [ˈhasl̩]; Luxembourgish: Haassel) is a small town in southern Luxembourg, in the commune of Weiler-la-Tour, of which it is the administrative centre. As of 2025, the town has a population of 742.
Columbia Street (New Westminster)
Columbia Street is the main street in the downtown neighbourhood of New Westminster, British Columbia. It runs parallel to the Fraser River, emerging from Stewardson Way in the southwest portion of New Westminster, travelling through Downtown New Westminster and Sapperton, before crossing the Brunette River and becoming North Road. The section of the street northeast of McBride Boulevard is called East Columbia Street for numbering purposes. The downtown portion of the street is a historic commercial area, and has been nicknamed the Miracle Mile and the Golden Mile.

The 600 and 700 blocks of Columbia Street are home to a large number of bridal stores and galleries, and are occasionally referred to as the Bridal Capital of British Columbia or Wedding Row.

The eastern portion of Columbia Street in Sapperton passes the former site of the British Columbia Penitentiary, the Sapperton Brewery District, and the Royal Columbian Hospital.

New Westminster
New Westminster (colloquially known as New West, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓: sӽəyəməɬ) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District.

It was founded in 1858 by Richard Clement Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia, and served as such until the mainland and Vancouver Island colonies were merged to form the new Colony of British Columbia in 1866. It was the British Columbia mainland's largest city from its foundation until the first decade of the 20th century, when it was surpassed in population by Vancouver.

It is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.
Brian Monteith
Brian Monteith (born 8 January 1958) is a British politician, public relations consultant and commentator. As a member of the Scottish Conservatives, he was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Mid Scotland and Fife region from 1999 to 2007. Later a member of the Brexit Party, he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for North East England from 2019 to 2020.

Mid Scotland and Fife (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
Mid Scotland and Fife is one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament which were created in 1999. Nine of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies are sub-divisions of the region and it elects seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Thus it elects a total of 16 MSPs.

The Mid Scotland and Fife region shares boundaries with the Central Scotland and Lothians West, Highlands and Islands, North East Scotland and West Scotland regions, and is connected with the Edinburgh and Lothians East region by bridges across the Firth of Forth.