hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Heirs of Columbus
The Heirs of Columbus is a 1991 novel by Gerald Vizenor that, in the face of the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in America, inverts the historical record by re-imagining Columbus as a descendant of Mayans and Sephardic Jews who now wants to return home, that is, to America. Meanwhile, his modern-day descendants, the heirs of the title, are trying to bring his bones home. Critic Louis Owens considers this novel to be Vizenor "[i]n his best trickster-satirist mode" as he accomplishes "a brilliant appropriation of the master symbol of Euroamerican history".

Gerald Vizenor
Gerald Robert Vizenor (born 1934) is an American writer and scholar, and an enrolled member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, White Earth Reservation. Vizenor also taught for many years at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was Director of Native American Studies. With more than 30 books published, Vizenor is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, and Professor of American Studies at the University of New Mexico.
Roseanna Cunningham
Roseanna Cunningham (born 27 July 1951) is a retired Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who served as Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform from 2016 to 2021. She was previously Cabinet Secretary for Fair Work, Skills and Training from 2014 until 2016.

She served as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Perth from 1999 to 2011, and then for Perthshire South and Kinross-shire from 2011 to 2021. She was formerly Member of Parliament (MP) for Perth and Kinross from 1995 to 1997, then for Perth from 1997 to 2001.

Perth (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Perth was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament, Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. It was also one of nine constituencies in the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region, which elected seven additional members, in addition to the nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

For the 2011 Scottish Parliament election the constituency of Perth was abolished and replaced by Perthshire North and Perthshire South and Kinross-shire.
Jajpur
Jajpur (also known as Jajapur) (listenⓘ) is  a town and a municipality in Jajpur district in the Indian state of Odisha. It was the capital of the Kesari dynasty, later supplanted by Cuttack. It is the headquarter of Jajpur district.

Somavamshi dynasty
The Somavamshi (IAST: Somavaṃśī, "Lunar dynasty") or Keshari (IAST: Keśarī) dynasty ruled parts of present-day Odisha in eastern India between the 9th and the 12th centuries. Their capitals included Yayatinagara (modern Binka) and Abhinava-Yayatinagara (modern Jajpur).

The Somavamshis may have been related to the Panduvamshis, who ruled the Dakshina Kosala region in central India. They were probably driven out from this region by the Kalachuris, following which they conquered the Kalinga and the Utkala regions in present-day Odisha, supplanting the Bhauma-Karas.

The Somavamshis introduced a new style of art and architecture in Odisha, and their rule saw a remarkable shift from Buddhism to Hinduism in the region. The Somavamshi rule ended in the early 12th century, when the Eastern Ganga ruler Anantavarman Chodaganga captured their territories.
The Great Horseless Carriage Company
The Great Horseless Carriage Company Limited was formed in May 1896 with a capital of £750,000 in shares of £10 each "of which £250,0000 was for working capital". The company was formed to carry on the horseless carriage industry in England and works with railway and canal adjoining were secured at Coventry. The rights that were purchased had little lasting value and after a number of financial reconstructions beginning in 1898 all activities were terminated by 1910.

Motor Manufacturing Company
Motor Manufacturing Company Limited, incorporated 1902 following companies of the same name formed in 1898 and 1900 was the third and final revival of H. J. Lawson's The Great Horseless Carriage Company.

In 1904 Lawson and business partner E. T. Hooley were indicted for "an ingenious system of fraud carried out over a long period". Lawson, who defended himself, was found guilty and sentenced to a year's hard labour. MMC went out of business.
Warren Mosler
Warren Mosler (born September 18, 1949) is an American hedge fund executive and entrepreneur. He is a co-founder of the Center for Full Employment And Price Stability at University of Missouri-Kansas City and the founder of Mosler Automotive.

Mosler is a proponent and research financier of Modern Monetary Theory. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Franklin University Switzerland, and in 2014 was appointed visiting professor at the University of Bergamo, Italy.

Mosler has run as an independent for multiple offices including: United States president, a delegate to Congress three times, and lieutenant governor. In 2018, he ran unsuccessfully for governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands as an independent.

Bill Mitchell (economist)
William Francis Mitchell (born 7 March 1952) is an Australian economist and academic. He is a professor of economics at the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia and Docent Professor of Global Political Economy at the University of Helsinki, Finland. He is also a guest professor at Kyoto University, Japan since 2022. He is one of the founding developers of Modern Monetary Theory.
Nair Service Society
The Nair Service Society (NSS) is an organisation created for the social advancement and welfare of the Nair community that is found primarily in the state of Kerala in Southern part of India. It was established under the leadership of Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai. The NSS is a three-tier organisation with Karayogams at the base level, Taluk Unions at the intermediate level and a central headquarters operating from Perunna, Changanassery in Kerala. G. Sukumaran Nair is currently the General Secretary, since June 2011.

Founded as the Nair Brithya Jana Sangham on 31 October 1914, the name was officially changed to Nair Service Society in 11 July 1915, by the advice of the prominent scholar and social reformer K. Paramu Pillai, the first person in Kerala history to earn an M.A. degree.

The Society owns and manages many educational institutions, hospitals, hostels, guesthouses, and estates.

Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai
Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai (2 January 1878  – 25 February 1970), better known as Mannathu Padmanabhan was an Indian social reformer and agitator from the south-western state of Kerala. He is recognised as the founder of the Nair Service Society (NSS), which represents the Nair community. His birthday (2 January) is observed as Mannam Jayanti every year. Padmanabhan is considered a visionary reformer who organised the Nair community under the NSS.
Bourne shell
The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell command-line interpreter for computer operating systems. It first appeared on Version 7 Unix, as its default shell. Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell—even when other shells are used by most users.

The Bourne shell was once standard on all branded Unix systems, although historically BSD-based systems had many scripts written in csh. As the basis of POSIX sh syntax, Bourne shell scripts can typically be run with Bash or dash on Linux or other Unix-like systems; Bash itself is a free clone of Bourne.

Version 7 Unix
Version 7 Unix, also called Seventh Edition Unix, Version 7 or just V7, was an important early release of the Unix operating system.  V7, released in 1979, was the last Bell Laboratories release to see widespread distribution before the commercialization of Unix by AT&T Corporation in the early 1980s.  V7 was originally developed for Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-11 minicomputers and was later ported to other platforms.
Ignacio Vázquez Torres
Ignacio Vázquez Torres (13 August 1939 – 21 September 2023) was a Mexican lawyer and politician. A long-time member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) – which he represented in both chambers of Congress and for which he fought and lost the 1995 gubernatorial election in Guanajuato – he resigned from the party in 2006.

1995 Guanajuato gubernatorial election
The 1995 Guanajuato gubernatorial election was held on Sunday, 28 May 1995, for the position of governor of the Mexican state of Guanajuato. The election was won by Vicente Fox, a member of the National Action Party (PAN) and former member of the Chamber of Deputies who had run for governor in the disputed 1991 election.

Fox's victory made him the fourth PAN member elected governor of a Mexican state. His victory over the PRI was considered a repudiation of the party, which had ruled Mexico for several decades. Fox served as governor until resigning in 1999 to mount a successful bid for the presidency in 2000.
Swerlk
"Swerlk" is a song by American electronic singer MNDR and American pop band Scissor Sisters. It was released as a single on June 9, 2017, by WonderSound Records. MNDR and Scissor Sisters conceived the song in honor of the one-year remembrance of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting. "Swerlk" was released in conjunction with GLAAD and proceeds from the sales benefited the Contigo Fund, a non-profit organization for LGBTQ individuals. The website swerlk.com was developed to funnel donations directly to Contigo.

"Swerlk" marked the first single in five years by Scissor Sisters after they went on indefinite hiatus in 2012.

Peter Wade Keusch
Peter Wade Keusch, more commonly known as Peter Wade, is a record producer, recording engineer, mixer, songwriter and A&R.  His artist development projects include MNDR, Party Nails and numerous songwriters and producers signed to his record label WonderSound and publishing company 120 Music.  Wade's production and writing credits include Kid Ink, Jennifer Lopez, Martin Solveig, Kylie Minogue, and Flume.

Wade has been a part of three Grammy winning albums with Marc Anthony (two Latin) and won a trophy for his participation on Valio La Pena. He has been a guest speaker at the ASCAP Paul Cunningham Songwriter Workshop and The Grammy Professional Development Series.  In 2008 he was published in Bruce Swedien's second book, In The Studio With Michael Jackson, and also contributed photography to Swedien's first book Make Mine Music.

Wade owns and operates a record label, WonderSound, and a music publishing company, 120 Music.
Monterey County Rail Extension
The Monterey County Rail Extension is a planned commuter rail extension that would bring Caltrain passenger service south of its existing Gilroy, California terminus to Salinas in Monterey County, using the existing Coast Line owned by Union Pacific (UPRR). Implementation of the rail extension will occur over three phases, starting from Salinas and moving north. When construction is complete, there will be four trains operated over the extended line per weekday: two northbound trains that depart from Salinas and travel to San Francisco in the morning, and two southbound trains that return to Salinas in the afternoon.

After years of delays, the Transportation Agency for Monterey County [TAMC] is predicting service to commence in 2028.

Coast Line (California)
The Coast Line is a railroad line between Burbank, California and the San Francisco Bay Area, roughly along the Pacific Coast. It is the shortest rail route between Los Angeles and the Bay Area. Though not as busy as the Surf Line, the continuation of the Coast Line southbound to San Diego, it still sees freight movements and many passenger trains. The Pacific Surfliner, which runs from the San Diego Santa Fe Depot to San Luis Obispo via Union Station in Los Angeles, is the third busiest Amtrak route, and the busiest outside of the Northeast Corridor between Washington D.C. and Boston.
Canes Venatici
Canes Venatici (/ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/ KAY-neez vin-AT-iss-eye) is one of the 88 constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is a small northern constellation that was created by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. Its name is Latin for 'hunting dogs', and the constellation is often depicted in illustrations as representing the dogs of Boötes the Herdsman, a neighboring constellation.

Cor Caroli is the constellation's brightest star, with an apparent magnitude of 2.9. La Superba (Y CVn) is one of the reddest naked-eye stars and one of the brightest carbon stars. The Whirlpool Galaxy is a spiral galaxy tilted face-on to observers on Earth, and was the first galaxy whose spiral nature was discerned. In addition, quasar TON 618 is one of the most massive black holes with the mass of 66 billion solar masses.

TON 618
TON 618 (abbreviation of Tonantzintla 618) is a hyperluminous, broad-absorption-line, radio-loud quasar, and Lyman-alpha blob located near the border of the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices, with the projected comoving distance of approximately 18.2 billion light-years from Earth. It contains one of the most massive black holes ever found, at roughly 40.7 billion M☉.
Hans Albert
Hans Albert (German: [ˈalbɛʁt]; 8 February 1921 – 24 October 2023) was a German philosopher. He was professor of social sciences at the University of Mannheim from 1963, and remained at the university until 1989. His fields of research were social sciences and general studies of methods. He was a critical rationalist, paying special attention to rational heuristics. Albert was a strong critic of the continental hermeneutic tradition coming from Heidegger and Gadamer.

Critical rationalism
Critical rationalism is Karl Popper's answer to what he considered the most important problems of epistemology and philosophy  of science: the problems of the growth of knowledge, notably by induction, and the demarcation of science.  He adopted a fallibilist approach to these problems, especially that of induction, without falling into skepticism. His approach was to put in perspective the distinctive role of deductive logic in the development of knowledge, especially in science, in the context of a less rigorous methodology based on critical thinking.  The central technical concept in the application of critical rationalism to science is falsifiability. Popper first mentioned the term "critical rationalism" in The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945), and also later in Conjectures and Refutations (1963), Unended Quest (1976), and The Myth of the Framework (1994).
Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 1
Bigg Boss is the first season of the Tamil-language  reality TV show Bigg Boss Tamil which is the Tamil version of the Big Brother. The first season aired on Star Vijay from June 25, 2017 to September 30, 2017. The season's presenter was Kamal Haasan and a lavish house set was constructed at EVP theme park, Chennai. This season is the shortest season in the Bigg Boss Tamil series excluding the Ultimate series.

The winner of the season was model/actor, Arav who received a cash prize of ₹50 lakh. Lyricist Snehan Sivaselvam was the runner-up.

Snehan, Suja Varunee and Maria Juliana returned as contestants in Bigg Boss Ultimate season 1. While Bindu Madhavi returned as a contestant in Bigg Boss Non-Stop season 1 and eventually she won it.

Snehan
Snehan (born Sivaselvam) is an Indian poet, politician, lyricist, and actor who has worked in the Tamil film industry. He is the 1st executive committee member of Makkal Needhi Maiam party. In the year 2018 he entered politics with Makkal Needhi Maiam and contested in the Lok Sabha election. In 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, he contested on behalf of Makkal Needhi Maiam as a candidate for Virugambakkam Constituency. Born as the eighth son in a farmer family with 6 elder brothers and 1 elder sister, Snehan, a qualified Intermediate teacher, started to write songs in the year 2000.  After serving as an assistant to poet Vairamuthu, he began working as a lyricist in the film Putham Pudhiya Poove and has written lyrics for more than 2500 songs and has worked in more than 750 films. Snehan has since also appeared in films as an actor and made his acting debut with Yogi (2009).
Charles F. Gunther
Charles Frederick Gunther (March 6, 1837 – February 10, 1920) was a wealthy German-American confectioner, politician, and collector. He purchased many of the items now owned by the Chicago History Museum. He served two terms as a Chicago alderman from the city's 2nd ward.

Chicago History Museum
Chicago History Museum is the museum of the  Chicago Historical Society (CHS). The CHS was founded in 1856 to study and interpret Chicago's history. The museum and library has been located in Lincoln Park since the 1930s at 1601 North Clark Street at the intersection of North Avenue in the Old Town Triangle neighborhood, where the museum has been expanded several times. Long known as the CHS, the society adopted the name, Chicago History Museum, in September 2006 for its public presence.
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior
The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) is a learned society that focuses on research in volcanology, efforts to mitigate volcanic disasters, and research into closely related disciplines, such as igneous geochemistry and petrology, geochronology, volcanogenic mineral deposits, and the physics of the generation and ascent of magmas in the upper mantle and crust. It is one of eight constituent associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).

IAVCEI is run by an executive committee whose membership changes every four years. The Executive determines policies for the Association, enacting them through a series of commissions and task groups. Bulletin of Volcanology is the journal of IAVCEI.

Bulletin of Volcanology
The Bulletin of Volcanology is a peer reviewed scientific journal that is published ten times per year by  Springer Science+Business Media. It is the official journal of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). The focus of the journal is volcanoes, volcanic products, eruptive behavior, and volcanic hazards. The Executive Editor is Marie Edmonds.

The impact factor for Bulletin of Volcanology in 2020 is 2.517.
Television Tonga 2
Television Tonga 2 is a Tongan television channel operated by the Tonga Broadcasting Commission. It was launched on 4 July 2008. Until 2016, when the analog service switched off, it broadcast on the VHF band.

The channel's programmes include sports, films, "other foreign programmes" and a six-hour programme from China Central Television.

Tonga Broadcasting Commission
Tonga Broadcasting Commission (TBC; Tongan: Komisoni Fakamafolalea Tonga) is the first and largest broadcasting station in Tonga, solely owned by the government of Tonga. It operates two free-to-air TV channels (Television Tonga and Television Tonga 2), one AM commercial radio station (Radio Tonga), one FM commercial radio station (Kool 90FM), and a 24-hour Radio Australia relay station (FM103). TBC relies on profits from its TV & radio advertising sales, and from its retail radio shop outlet located in Vavaʻu. Its retail radio shop in Nukuʻalofa's Central Business District was among the numerous businesses destroyed in the riots of 16 November 2006.
Mantrapushpanjali
Mantrapushpanjali (Sanskrit: मन्त्रपुष्पाञ्जलि, IAST: mantrapuṣpāñjali) is a Hindu prayer meaning "offering flowers in the form of mantra". It comprises four hymns from Vedic sources, and is the final prayer sung at the end of āratīs. The word Mantrapushpanjali is made up of three elements, mantra (incantation), pushpa (flower), and anjali (a bowl-shaped cavity formed by hollowing and joining open palms together, as when offering or receiving alms).

Mantrapushpanjali is an appendix of a set of traditional recital called Deve (Sanskrit: देवे) from Shukla Yajurveda branch of Vedic tradition. The hymns of Mantrapushpanjali are chanted at an extremely slow pace, elongating the deergha svarit (Sanskrit: दीर्घस्वरित) accents more than usual.

Arti (Hinduism)
Arti (Hindi: आरती, romanized: Āratī) or Aratrika (Sanskrit: आरात्रिक, romanized: Ārātrika) is a Hindu ritual employed in worship, part of a puja, in which light from a flame (fuelled by camphor, ghee, or oil) is ritually waved to venerate deities. Arti also refers to the hymns sung in praise of the deity, when the light is being offered. Sikhs have Arti kirtan which involves only devotional singing; the Nihang order of Sikhs also use light for arti.
Zeals
Zeals is a village and civil parish in southwest Wiltshire, England. The village is about 2.2 miles (3.5 km) west of Mere, next to the A303 road towards Wincanton, and adjoins the villages of Bourton, Dorset and Penselwood, Somerset. Its name comes from the Old English sealh meaning a small willow or sallow.

The civil parish includes the hamlets of Long Cross, White Cross, Lower Zeals and Wolverton. The River Stour forms the west boundary of the parish.

Mere, Wiltshire
Mere is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It lies at the extreme southwestern tip of Salisbury Plain, close to the borders of Somerset and Dorset. The parish includes the hamlets of Barrow Street, Burton, Charnage, Limpers Hill, Rook Street and Southbrook.

The A303 trunk road passed through Mere until a bypass was built on the northern edge of the town in 1976. There is an old market square (although markets have not been held for several years), a chiming town clock and a large Grade I listed parish church. The steep slope of Castle Hill rises from the northwestern side of the town.
Water Pik
Water Pik, Inc. (also Waterpik) is an American oral health products company that produces personal and oral health care products such as oral irrigators and pulsating shower heads. It is based in Fort Collins, Colorado and is a subsidiary of Church & Dwight.

Until 2013, Water Pik Technologies, Inc. was a manufacturer of personal care products as well as swimming pool products, which it marketed under the Water Pik, Jandy and Air Energy brands. The pool products division, with the Jandy brand, was retained by the Carlyle Group within the "Pool Care" division of Zodiac Marine & Pool, now Zodiac Pool Solutions.

Church & Dwight
Church & Dwight Co., Inc. is an American consumer goods company focusing on personal care, household products, and specialty products. The company was founded in 1847 and is headquartered in Ewing, New Jersey. It is the parent company of well-known brands such as Arm & Hammer, Trojan, OxiClean, and First Response. In 2022, Church & Dwight reported annual revenue of $5.4 billion. The company's products and services include a wide range of consumer goods, including laundry detergent, air fresheners, baking soda, condoms, pregnancy tests, and oral hygiene products.
Julian Elliott
Julian George Charles "Joe" Elliott, FAcSS (born 27 July 1955) is a British academic and educational psychologist. He has been Principal of Collingwood College, Durham since 2011, and a Professor of Education at Durham University since 2004. He has caused controversy by describing dyslexia as a 'useless term' and a 'meaningless label'.

Collingwood College, Durham
Collingwood College is one of the constituent colleges of Durham University. Founded in 1972, it was the first Durham college that was purposely mixed-sex. It has over 1500 undergraduate students and just under 290 graduate students as of the year 2023/24, making it the largest college in Durham.

The college is the first to break off centuries of Durham traditions, as it is the first college to never police corridors and to never make the use of gown compulsory. The college also developed a reputation for its unrivalled supremacy in sports, having won the intercollegiate sports trophy for 11 years in a row.

The college was named after the mathematician Sir Edward Collingwood (1900–1970), who was a former Chair of the Council of Durham University.