hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnum (satellite)
Magnum was a class of SIGINT spy satellites reportedly operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The program remains classified, and the information that exists is speculative.

Orion (satellite)
Orion, also known as Mentor or Advanced Orion, is a class of United States spy satellites that collect signals intelligence (SIGINT) from space. Operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and developed with input from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), eight have been launched from Cape Canaveral on Titan IV and Delta IV launch vehicles since 1995.
Munger division
Munger division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India. Munger is the administrative headquarters of the division. The division consists of Munger district, Lakhisarai District, Jamui district, Khagaria district,  and Sheikhpura district. Earlier all these districts were part of Munger (earlier known as Monghyr) district.

Munger division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India. Munger is the administrative headquarters of the division. The division consists of Munger district, Lakhisarai District, Begusarai District, Jamui district, Khagaria district, and Sheikhpura district.[1] Earlier all these districts were part of Munger (earlier known as Monghyr) district.[2][3]

Munger district
Munger district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India. The city of Munger is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district is a part of Munger Division. Its literacy rate of 73.3% is higher than the state literacy rate of 63.8%, but lower than national rate of 74.04%.

The present collector and District Magistrate of Munger is Arvind Kumar Verma (IAS). Rajeev Rajan Singh Urf Lalan Singh is the district's MP.
Midwest Football League (1962–1978)
The Midwest Football League (MFL) was a low-level professional American football minor league that played games from 1962 to 1978. The league was based mainly in Michigan, until the collapse of the Continental Football League in 1969, when it became more of a regional league.

During its lifetime, the MFL had a working relationship with the National Football League (NFL), as the NFL had the right to sign any player at any time from the league for $1000, while the Cincinnati Bengals and Cleveland Browns had agreements with the Columbus Bucks and Youngstown Hardhats (respectively), and the Detroit Lions had agreements with both the Indy Caps and Lansing All Stars, to act as farm teams.

Indianapolis Capitols
The Indianapolis Capitols were a professional American football team based in Indianapolis, Indiana. They played in the Continental Football League from 1968 to 1969 and Midwest Football League from 1972 to 1974 and 1977 to 1978.
The Wikipedia Revolution
The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia is a 2009 popular history book by new media researcher and writer Andrew Lih.

It covers the period from Wikipedia's founding in early 2001 up to early 2008. Written as a popular history, the text ranges from short biographies of Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger and Ward Cunningham, to brief accounts of infamous events in Wikipedia's history such as the Essjay controversy and the Seigenthaler incident.

Lih describes the importance of early influences on Wikipedia including Usenet, HyperCard, Slashdot, and MeatballWiki. He also explores the cultural differences found within sister projects such as the German Wikipedia, the Chinese Wikipedia, and the Japanese Wikipedia. The book also covers the Citizendium project, originally a fork of Wikipedia by co-founder Larry Sanger.

Andrew Lih
Andrew Lih (simplified Chinese: 郦安治; traditional Chinese: 酈安治; pinyin: Lì Ānzhì; born 1968) is an American new media researcher, consultant and writer, as well as an authority on both Wikipedia and internet censorship in the People's Republic of China. In 2013, he was appointed an associate professor of journalism at American University in Washington, D.C.

He is currently Wikimedian at large at the Smithsonian Institution and Wikimedia Strategist at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Adolfo Suárez Stadium
The Adolfo Suárez Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Adolfo Suárez) is a football stadium located in the city of Ávila, Spain. Owned by the Ayuntamiento de Ávila, Real Ávila CF plays its home fixtures at the stadium. It has a capacity of 6,000.

Real Ávila CF
Real Ávila Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Ávila, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1923, it currently plays in Segunda Federación – Group 1, holding home games at Estadio Adolfo Suárez, with a capacity of 6,000 seats.
Valis (novel series)
The VALIS trilogy is a set of science fiction/philosophical novels by author Philip K. Dick which include VALIS (1978), The Divine Invasion (1980), and The Transmigration of Timothy Archer (1982). Dick's first novel about the VALIS concept originally titled "VALISystem A" (written 1976), was published as Radio Free Albemuth after Dick's death (March 1982) in 1985.

Radio Free Albemuth
Radio Free Albemuth is a dystopian novel by Philip K. Dick, written in 1976 and published posthumously in 1985. Originally titled VALISystem A, it was his first attempt to deal in fiction with his experiences of early 1974. When his publishers at Bantam requested extensive rewrites he canned the project and reworked it into the VALIS trilogy. Arbor House acquired the rights to Radio Free Albemuth in 1985. They then published an edition under the current title (the original was too close to VALIS), prepared from the corrected typescript given by Dick to his friend Tim Powers.
Preston, Scottish Borders
Preston is a small village in the ancient county of Berwickshire, now an administrative area of the  Scottish Borders region of Scotland.  It lies within the local Abbey St Bathans, Bonkyl & Preston Community Council area.

The united Parishes of 'Bunkle' and Preston,  situated at the foot of the Lammermuir Hills, are bordered on the north by the Parishes of Abbey St Bathans and Coldingham, on the east by the Parishes of Coldingham and Chirnside, on the south by the Parishes of Edrom and Duns and on the east by the Parishes of Duns and Abbey St. Bathans.

Edrom
Edrom is a parish and small village in the pre-1975 ancient county of Berwickshire, now an administrative area of the  Scottish Borders region of Scotland.

The rural parish of Edrom is in east central Berwickshire being bounded on the north by the parishes of Bunkle and Preston and Chirnside, on the east by the Parishes of Chirnside, Hutton and Whitsome and Hilton, on the south by the parishes of Whitsome and Hilton, Swinton and Fogo and on the west by the parishes of Langton and Duns. It includes the nearby village of Allanton.
Countable set
In mathematics, a set is countable if either it is finite or it can be made in one to one correspondence with the set of natural numbers. Equivalently, a set is countable if there exists an injective function from it into the natural numbers; this means that each element in the set may be associated to a unique natural number, or that the elements of the set can be counted one at a time, although the counting may never finish due to an infinite number of elements.

In more technical terms, assuming the axiom of countable choice, a set is countable if its cardinality (the number of elements of the set) is not greater than that of the natural numbers. A countable set that is not finite is said to be countably infinite.

The concept is attributed to Georg Cantor, who proved the existence of uncountable sets, that is, sets that are not countable; for example the set of the real numbers.

Finite set
In mathematics, a finite set is a collection of finitely many different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects, such as numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.

Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting.  For example,

is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural number (possibly zero) and is called the cardinality (or the cardinal number) of the set. A set that is not a finite set is called an infinite set. For example, the set 

of all positive integers is infinite.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting. Many arguments involving finite sets rely on the pigeonhole principle, which states that there cannot exist an injective function from a larger finite set to a smaller finite set.
Trondheimsleia
The Trondheimsleia is a strait in Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag counties in Norway. The 94-kilometre (58 mi) long strait runs between the islands of Smøla and Hitra and the mainland municipalities of Aure, Heim, and Orkland. The strait has several fjords which branch off it including the Ramsøyfjorden, Hemnfjorden, and Trondheimsfjorden. The islands of Leksa are located in the Trondheimsleia in Orkland Municipality. The Hitra Tunnel is a road tunnel underneath the Trondheimsleia connecting the island of Hitra to the mainland.

Orkland Municipality
Orkland is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Orkdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Orkanger. Some of the other notable population centres in the municipality include Å, Bjørnli, Drogsetmoen, Fannrem, Geitastrand, Hoston, Ingdalen, Kjøra, Krokstadøra, Lensvik, Løkken Verk, Meldal, Råbygda, Selbekken, Storås, Svorkmo, Thamshavn, Vassbygda, Vernes, and Vormstad.

The 1,906-square-kilometre (736 sq mi) municipality is the 42nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Orkland Municipality is the 71st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,793. The municipality's population density is 9.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (26/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Rafa Salazar
Rafael Cardona Salazar (early 1950s - December 4, 1987), also known as Rafa Salazar, was a Colombian drug dealer who shipped cocaine into the United States through Miami from 1978 to 1987. Miami police claimed in 1987 that he was responsible for 80% of the cocaine being shipped into the country. Salazar first worked with the Colombian Medellín Cartel, allegedly heading their operations in the U.S., and then at some point switched allegiance to the Colombian Cali Cartel. In 1986, Salazar was indicted by a U.S. federal grand jury for conspiracy resulting in the murder of Barry Seal—a former Medellín dealer turned informant to U.S. law enforcement—earlier that year. Salazar was murdered by unidentified gunmen in Medellín in 1987, which escalated a war between the Medellín and Cali cartels.

Jorge Ochoa
Jorge Luis Ochoa Vásquez (born 30 September 1950) is a Colombian former drug trafficker who was one of the founding members of the Medellín Cartel in the late 1970s. The cartel's key members were Pablo Escobar, Carlos Lehder, José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha,
Gustavo Gaviria, Jorge Ochoa, and his brothers Juan David and Fabio.
Naomi (TV series)
Naomi is an American superhero drama television series created by Ava DuVernay and Jill Blankenship which is based on the comic book series of the same name co-written by Brian Michael Bendis and David F. Walker and illustrated by Jamal Campbell. It follows Naomi McDuffie, a comic book-loving teenager and the host of a Superman fan website who sets out to determine the origins with help from her best friend, her supporting adoptive parents, and a tattoo shop owner with a secret origin after a supernatural event occurs in Port Oswego, Oregon. The series stars Kaci Walfall, Cranston Johnson, Alexander Wraith, Mary-Charles Jones, Mouzam Makkar, Daniel Puig, Camila Moreno, Will Meyers, Aidan Gemme, and Barry Watson. It premiered on The CW on January 11, 2022, and concluded on May 10, 2022. In May 2022, the series was canceled after one season.

Naomi McDuffie
Naomi McDuffie, also known as Powerhouse, is a fictional superhero appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by the writer Brian Michael Bendis for his Wonder Comics imprint, along with writer David F. Walker and artist Jamal Campbell. The character's name is, in part, a tribute to comic book writer and creator Dwayne McDuffie.

The character made her live-action debut in The CW's eponymous series and was portrayed by Kaci Walfall.
Baudhayana sutras
The Baudhāyana sūtras (Sanskrit: बौधायन सूत्रस् ) are a group of Vedic Sanskrit texts which  cover dharma, daily ritual, mathematics and is one of the oldest Dharma-related texts of Hinduism that have survived into the modern age from the 1st-millennium BCE. They belong to the Taittiriya branch of the  Krishna Yajurveda school and are among the earliest texts of the genre.

The Baudhayana sūtras consist of six texts:

the Śrautasûtra, probably in 19 Praśnas (questions),

the Karmāntasûtra in 20 Adhyāyas (chapters),

the Dwaidhasûtra in 4 Praśnas,

the Grihyasutra in 4 Praśnas,

the Dharmasûtra in 4 Praśnas and

the Śulbasûtra in 3 Adhyāyas.

The Baudhāyana Śulbasûtra is noted for  containing several early mathematical results, including  an approximation of the square root of 2 and the statement of the Pythagorean theorem.

Kalpa (Vedanga)
Kalpa (Sanskrit: कल्प) means "proper, fit" and is one of the six disciplines of the Vedānga, or ancillary science connected with the Vedas – the scriptures of Hinduism. This field of study is focused on the procedures and ceremonies associated with Vedic ritual practice.

The major texts of Kalpa Vedanga are called Kalpa Sutras in Hinduism. The scope of these texts includes Vedic rituals, rites of passage rituals associated with major life events such as birth, wedding and death in family, as well as personal conduct and proper duties in the life of an individual. Most Kalpasutras texts have experienced interpolation, changes and consequent corruption over their history, and Apasthamba Kalpasutra ancillary to the Yajurveda may be the best preserved text in this genre.

Kalpa Sutras are also found in other Indian traditions, such as Jainism.
New Hartford, New York
New Hartford is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 21,874. The name of New Hartford was provided by a settler family from Hartford, Connecticut.

The Town of New Hartford contains a village named New Hartford. New Hartford is the largest suburb of Utica, which is located directly north of the town and village.

Whitestown, New York
Whitestown is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 18,667 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from Judge Hugh White, an early settler. The town is immediately west of Utica and the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) passes across the town.
Antonio Priuli (doge)
Antonio Priuli (10 May 1548 – 12 August 1623) was the 94th Doge of Venice from 1618 until his death in 1623. Priuli became Doge in the midst of a supposed Spanish conspiracy orchestrated by the Spanish Ambassador to Venice, Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar. The associated intense espionage did not end until 1622.

Bedmar Conspiracy
The Bedmar Conspiracy was a supposed plot to overthrow the Venetian Republic by coup d'état on Ascension Day in 1618, prompted by the Marquess of Bedmar, Ambassador to the Republic for Hapsburg Spain. It is unclear that there was such a conspiracy, but its reality may have been believed by the Council of Ten. Much of the attention later given to this incident resulted from the 1674 account in French published by César Vichard de Saint-Réal, which formed the source of Thomas Otway's English tragedy Venice Preserv'd of 1682. Contemporary scholarly work has concluded that there is little enough evidence to support the details of the Savoyard Saint-Réal's narrative, or even to conclude that there was a definite plot. Hugh Trevor-Roper wrote:

Was it real, a carefully laid plan to seize the city, or a fantasy generated in the heated atmosphere of the time? We do not know. But whatever it was, it led nowhere.
Romani people in the United Kingdom
Romani people have been recorded in the United Kingdom since at least the early 16th century. There are estimated to be around 225,000 Romani people residing in the UK. This includes the Romanichal, Kalé and a sizeable population of recent Romani migrants from mainland Europe, particularly Central and Eastern Europe, the bulk of whom immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s and after EU expansion in 2004. They are considered part of the Gypsy (Romani), Roma and Traveller (GRT) community. In the UK, Romanies are classified as white. However, some Romanies do not identify as white, as historical persecution has contributed to an "uncertain whiteness" that sets them apart from other white groups.

Romanichal
The Romanichal (UK: /ˈrɒmənɪtʃæl/ US: /-ni-/; also known as English Gypsies) are a Romani subgroup in the United Kingdom. Many Romanichal speak Angloromani, a mixed language that blends Romani vocabulary with English syntax. Romanichal residing in England, Scotland, and Wales are considered part of the Gypsy (Romani), Roma, and Traveller community.

Genetic, cultural, and linguistic findings indicate that the Romani people trace their origins to South Asia, likely in the regions of present-day Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sindh.
Kellner-Béchereau E.1
The Kellner-Béchereau E.1 was an experimental single engine, single seat light aircraft, designed in France in the 1930s. It was a monoplane with a novel "double" wing, the rear part providing lift and lateral control as well as acting as slotted flaps.

Kellner-Béchereau EC.4
The Kellner-Béchereau EC.4 and Kellner-Béchereau ED.5 were a pair of French training aircraft with side-by-side seating and a novel "double wing" patented by their designer, Louis Béchereau. The principal difference was that the EC.4 had an all-wood structure whereas the ED.5 was all-metal. Both were single-engine, mid-wing cantilever monoplanes.
Samuel Colver
Samuel Colver (September 10, 1817 – February 15, 1891) was a pioneer of the U.S. state of Oregon, where he co-founded (along with his brother, Hiram) the town of Phoenix. Samuel was born in Irwin, Ohio, to Samuel Colver and Rachel (Curry) Colver.

Phoenix, Oregon
Phoenix is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. The population was 4,475 at the 2020 census. Phoenix is a part of the Medford Metropolitan Statistical Area, in the Rogue Valley, and is 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Medford on Interstate 5.
Eagle Mountain International Church
Eagle Mountain International Church is an evangelical nondenominational church in Newark, Tarrant County, Texas in the United States. It was founded in 1986 by the evangelist Kenneth Copeland, and the senior pastors are George and Terri Copeland Pearsons, Copeland's son-in-law and daughter.

Kenneth Copeland
Kenneth Max Copeland (born December 6, 1936) is an American televangelist associated with the charismatic movement. He is the founder of Eagle Mountain International Church Inc. (EMIC), which is based in Tarrant County, Texas. Copeland has also written several books and other resources, and is known for his broadcast The Believer's Voice of Victory.

Copeland preaches prosperity theology and is part of the Word of Faith movement, which teaches that divine favor is expressed in material and financial blessing, and that giving to ministries unlocks this favor.
John Webster
John Webster (c. 1578 – c. 1632) was an English Jacobean dramatist best known for his tragedies The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi, which are often seen as masterpieces of the early 17th-century English stage. His life and career overlapped with Shakespeare's.

The White Devil
The White Devil is a tragedy by English playwright John Webster. According to Webster's own preface to the 1612 Quarto Edition, the play's first performance in that year was a notorious failure; he complained that the play was acted in the dead of winter before an unreceptive audience. The play's complexity, sophistication, and satire made it a poor fit with the repertory of Queen Anne's Men at the Red Bull Theatre, where it was first performed. It was successfully revived in 1630 by Queen Henrietta's Men at the Cockpit Theatre and published again in 1631.
Tonto Apache
The Tonto Apache (Western Apache: Dilzhę́’é, Dilzhe'e, and Dilzhe’eh Apache) is a band of Western Apache people in Arizona.

The term "Tonto" is also used for their dialect, one of the three dialects of the Western Apache language, a member of Southern Athabaskan language family.

Today, Tonto Apache people are enrolled in several federally recognized tribes in Arizona. These include:

Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation

San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation.

Western Apache people
The Western Apache are an Indigenous people of North America, and a subgroup of Apache peoples. They live primarily in east central Arizona, in the United States and north of Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua.

Most live within reservations in Arizona. The Fort Apache Indian Reservation, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Yavapai-Apache Nation, Tonto Apache Reservation, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation are home to the majority of Western Apache and are the bases of their federally recognized tribes.

The Western Apache bands call themselves Ndee (Indé), meaning 'The People' in the Western Apache language. Because of dialectical differences, the Pinaleño/Pinal and Arivaipa/Aravaipa bands of the San Carlos Apache pronounce the word as Innee or Nnēē:.
Muhammad Yindaruqo
Muhammad Yindaruqo Shupago (Adyghe: Мыхьэмэд Индарыкъо Шупаго), was the leader of Pshada, a nobleman of the Natukhai from the Shupago house, and a Circassian leader.

Although him and his family initially maintained good relations with the Russian Empire, they actively resisted the Russians during the later stages of the Russo-Circassian War.

House of Shupago
The House of Shupago (Adyghe: Шупаго, Kabardian: Шупагуэ, Russian: Шупако) was a highly influential noble family from the Natukhaj tribe of Circassia. The family, which ruled over most of the Natukhaj, raised important military and political leaders during the Russo-Circassian War. It had ties to some of influential Circassian families and played an active role as both a military and political family throughout the war. The Shupago family consisted of a total of 26 (33 according to different sources) sub-branches.
Immune checkpoint
Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system. These pathways are crucial for self-tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking cells indiscriminately. However, some cancers can protect themselves from attack by stimulating immune checkpoint targets.

Inhibitory checkpoint molecules are targets for cancer immunotherapy due to their potential for use in multiple types of cancers. Currently approved checkpoint inhibitors block CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1. For the related basic science discoveries, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo won the Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, (CTLA-4) also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulates immune responses. CTLA-4 is constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells but only upregulated in conventional T cells after activation – a phenomenon which is particularly notable in cancers.  It acts as an "off" switch when bound to CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. It is encoded by the CTLA4 gene in humans, and by the Ctla4 gene in mice.