hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Val IT
Val IT is a governance framework developed by ISACA that can help a company show the business value from its IT investments. It has been designed to help executives ensure that investments in IT deliver business value. Val IT is closely related to the COBIT framework also developed by ISACA.

Val IT consists of a set of guiding principles and a number of processes and best practices that are further defined as a set of key management practices to support and help executive management and boards at an enterprise level.

COBIT
COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework created by ISACA for information technology (IT) management and IT governance.

The framework is business focused and defines a set of generic processes for the management of IT, with each process defined together with process inputs and outputs, key process-activities, process objectives, performance measures and an elementary maturity model.
Sue Perkins
Susan Elizabeth Perkins (born 22 September 1969) is an English broadcaster, comedian, actress, singer and writer. Originally coming to prominence through her comedy partnership with Mel Giedroyc in Mel and Sue, she progressed into radio and television presenting, notably of The Great British Bake Off (2010–2016), Insert Name Here (2016–2019) and Just a Minute (since 2021) on BBC Radio 4.

Mel and Sue
Mel Giedroyc (born 5 June 1968) and Sue Perkins (born 22 September 1969), known collectively as Mel and Sue, are an English comedy double act. They are known for hosting the BAFTA Award-winning BBC One cookery series The Great British Bake Off. Previously, they hosted the lunchtime chat shows Light Lunch and Late Lunch on Channel 4.
Caroline Aherne
Caroline Mary Aherne (24 December 1963 – 2 July 2016) was an English actress, comedian, writer and director.

She was best known for performing as the acerbic chat show host Mrs Merton, in various roles in The Fast Show, and as Denise in The Royle Family (1998–2012), a series which she co-wrote. She won BAFTA awards for her work on The Mrs Merton Show and The Royle Family. Aherne narrated the Channel 4 reality television series Gogglebox from its inception in 2013 until 8 April 2016. She died of cancer at the age of 52.

The Mrs Merton Show
The Mrs Merton Show was a mock talk show starring Caroline Aherne, also credited as Caroline Hook, as the elderly host Mrs Dorothy Merton.

Originally portraying 'Mrs. Murton' in a pilot for Yorkshire TV which was not picked up, Caroline Aherne retooled the character, making her older, and recorded a second pilot in 1993 for Granada Television, who commissioned the series. Running from 10 February 1995 to 2 April 1998, it was produced by Granada and aired on the BBC. The writers included Aherne, Craig Cash, Henry Normal and, for the first few series, Dave Gorman.
Agnes of Baden, Countess of Holstein-Rendsburg
Agnes of Baden (25 March 1408 – January 1473), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Zähringen and by marriage Countess of Holstein-Rendsburg. She married Gerhard VII, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg, and gave birth to twins whose legality was disputed and who were likely murdered.

She was a daughter of Bernard I, Margrave of Baden by his second wife Anna of Oettingen.

Gerhard VII, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg
Gerhard VII, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1404 – 24 July 1433 in Emmerich am Rhein) was Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and by claim also Duke of Schleswig, as Gerhard III.  He was the youngest son of Gerhard VI and his wife Elizabeth of Brunswick.
Young Munster
Young Munster is a rugby union club based in Limerick, Ireland, playing in Division 1A of the All-Ireland League. It was founded in 1895 and plays its games at Tom Clifford Park in Rosbrien, Limerick.

The club has won the Munster Senior Rugby Cup ten times, in 1928, 1930, 1938, 1980, 1984, 1990, 2010, 2021, 2022 and 2023. They won the Munster Junior Cup in 1911, 1922, 1927, 1959, 1960, 1984 and 1999 and 2022.

The club is known by its nickname "The Cookies".

Munster Senior Cup (rugby union)
The Munster Senior Cup is a rugby union competition for the senior clubs affiliated to the Munster branch of the Irish Rugby Football Union.

The winners compete with the other three provincial cup winners for the All-Ireland Cup.
Daniel Gordis
Daniel Gordis (Hebrew: דניאל גורדיס; born 1959) is an American-born Israeli author. He is Koret Distinguished Fellow at Shalem College in Jerusalem, where he previously was Senior Vice President and Chair of the Core Curriculum.

Gordis is the author of a dozen books on Judaism and Israel. He has received the National Jewish Book Award twice, including Book of the Year for Israel: A Concise History Of A Nation Reborn. The Forward has called Gordis "one of the most influential Israel analysts around."

Jewish Book Council
The Jewish Book Council (Hebrew: המועצה למען הספר היהודי באמריקה‎), founded in 1943, is an American organization encouraging and contributing to Jewish literature. The goal of the council, as stated on its website, is "to promote the reading, writing and publishing of quality English language books of Jewish content in North America". The council sponsors the National Jewish Book Awards, the JBC Network, JBC Book Clubs, the Visiting Scribe series, and Jewish Book Month. It previously sponsored the Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature. It publishes an annual literary journal called Paper Brigade.
Ha-1-class submarine
The Ha-1-class submarine (波一型潜水艦, Ha-ichi-gata sensuikan) was an early class of submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy, and were essentially British C-class submarines, which had been imported for evaluation and reverse engineering.

British C-class submarine
The British C-class submarines were the last class of petrol engined submarines of the Royal Navy and marked the end of the development of the Holland class in the Royal Navy. Thirty-eight were constructed between 1905 and 1910 and they served through World War I.

With limited endurance and only a ten per cent reserve of buoyancy over their surface displacement, they were poor surface vessels, but their spindle shaped hull made for good underwater performance compared to their contemporaries.
Woltemade Cross for Bravery, Gold
The Woltemade Cross for Bravery, Gold, post-nominal letters WD, is the senior of two classes of a South African civil decoration for acts of bravery. It replaced the Union of South Africa King's Medal for Bravery, Gold, Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Gold and Woltemade Decoration for Bravery, Gold, all of which ranked on par with each other and the award of which had been discontinued in 1952, 1961 and 1988 respectively.

Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Gold
The Union of South Africa Queen's Medal for Bravery, Gold was the highest South African civilian decoration during the period from 1952 to 1961, while the country was still a constitutional monarchy in the British Commonwealth. The decoration was instituted by Queen Elizabeth II on 15 December 1952.
Tuvan Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The First Secretary of the Tuvan regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Tuvan AO (1944–1961) and the Tuvan ASSR (1961–1991) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created on October 13, 1944, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Russian: Тувинская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика; Tuvan: Тыва Автономнуг Совет Социалистиг Республика), or the Tuvan ASSR (Russian: Тувинская АССР; Tuvan: Тыва АССР), was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. It was created on 10 October 1961 from the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast. Its territory measured 175,000 square kilometers and bordered Mongolia to the south, Buryat ASSR to the east, Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast to the west and Khakas Autonomous Oblast to the north.
Thomas Bavin
Sir Thomas Rainsford Bavin, KCMG, KC (5 May 1874 – 31 August 1941) was an Australian lawyer and politician who served as Premier of New South Wales from 1927 to 1930. He was born in New Zealand and arrived in Australia at the age of 15, where he studied law and became a barrister. He served as personal secretary to Australia's first two prime ministers, Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin. Bavin was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1917. He served two terms as Attorney General of New South Wales (1921, 1922–1925) before leading the Nationalist Party to victory at the 1927 state election, in a coalition with the Country Party. His predecessor Jack Lang and the Australian Labor Party (ALP) defeated his government after a single term at the 1930 state election.

1930 New South Wales state election
The 1930 New South Wales state election was held on 25 October 1930. The election was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting. The election occurred at the height of the Great Depression and was a landslide victory for the expansionary monetary policies of Jack Lang.

As a result of the election, the Nationalist/Country Party coalition government of Thomas Bavin and Ernest Buttenshaw was defeated and the Labor party, led by Jack Lang, formed government with a parliamentary majority of 20. The Parliament first met on 25 November 1930, and had a maximum term of 3 years. However it was dissolved after only 18 months on 18 May 1932  when the Governor, Sir Philip Game dismissed the Premier Jack Lang and commissioned Bertram Stevens to form a caretaker government. Thomas Bavin was the Leader of the Opposition until 5 April 1932 when he was replaced by Bertram Stevens. Michael Bruxner replaced Buttenshaw as leader of the Country Party in early 1932.
Newquay railway station
Newquay railway station (Cornish: Tewynblustri) serves the town and seaside resort of Newquay in Cornwall, England. It is the terminus of the Atlantic Coast Line from Par, 302 miles 49 chains (302.61 miles, 487.01 km) from the zero point at London Paddington measured via Box and Plymouth Millbay. The station is situated in the heart of Newquay, close to the town centre itself and the beaches. The station is managed by Great Western Railway which operates local branch line services to and from Par. In the summer, there are also services to and from London.

Truro railway station
Truro railway station (Cornish: Truru) serves the city of Truro, Cornwall, England. The station is on the Cornish Main Line and is the junction for the Maritime Line to Falmouth Docks. It is situated at milepost 300.75 miles (484.01 km) from London Paddington, which is measured via Bristol Temple Meads, although most trains use the shorter route via Newbury.

The station is managed by Great Western Railway, which serves the station alongside CrossCountry.

It is the busiest station in Cornwall.
Complex network
In the context of network theory, a complex network is a graph (network) with non-trivial topological features—features that do not occur in simple networks such as lattices or random graphs but often occur in networks representing real systems. The study of complex networks is a young and active area of scientific research (since 2000) inspired largely by empirical findings of real-world networks such as computer networks, biological networks, technological networks, brain networks, climate networks and social networks.

Biological network
A biological network is a method of representing systems as complex sets of binary interactions or relations between various biological entities. In general, networks or graphs are used to capture relationships between entities or objects. A typical graphing representation consists of a set of nodes connected by edges.
Excess-3
Excess-3, 3-excess or 10-excess-3 binary code (often abbreviated as XS-3, 3XS or X3), shifted binary or Stibitz code (after George Stibitz, who built a relay-based adding machine in 1937) is a self-complementary binary-coded decimal (BCD) code and numeral system. It is a biased representation. Excess-3 code was used on some older computers as well as in cash registers and hand-held portable electronic calculators of the 1970s, among other uses.

Gray code
The reflected binary code (RBC), also known as reflected binary (RB) or Gray code after Frank Gray, is an ordering of the binary numeral system such that two successive values differ in only one bit (binary digit).

For example, the representation of the decimal value "1" in binary would normally be "001", and "2" would be "010". In Gray code, these values are represented as "001" and "011". That way, incrementing a value from 1 to 2 requires only one bit to change, instead of two.

Gray codes are widely used to prevent spurious output from electromechanical switches and to facilitate error correction in digital communications such as digital terrestrial television and some cable TV systems. The use of Gray code in these devices helps simplify logic operations and reduce errors in practice.
San Vincenzo (Genoa)
San Vincenzo (San Viçenso /ˈsaŋ viˈseŋsu/ in Ligurian) is a central district of Genoa, administratively included in the Municipio I Centro Est. Located a short distance from Brignole train station, it includes part of the very central Via XX Settembre, the main artery of Genoa's commercial area.

Portoria
Portoria (Portöia /puɾˈtɔːja/ in Ligurian) is a central district of Genoa, administratively included in Municipio I Centro Est.

It was one of the sestieri into which the city of Genoa was anciently divided. Its name is linked to the revolt against the Austrians on December 5, 1746, which began with the famous Balilla episode.

For centuries a working-class and suburban neighborhood, although included within the city walls, with the urban expansion of the late 19th century it became the center of the modern city. Included in the Portoria area are some of the main streets and squares of downtown Genoa: Piazza De Ferrari, Piazza Dante, Piazza Corvetto, part of the very central Via XX Settembre, the main artery of Genoa's commercial area, and Via Roma.
Moore curve
A Moore curve (after E. H. Moore) is a continuous fractal space-filling curve which is a variant of the Hilbert curve. Precisely, it is the loop version of the Hilbert curve, and it may be thought as the union of four copies of the Hilbert curves combined in such a way to make the endpoints coincide.

Because the Moore curve is plane-filling, its Hausdorff dimension is 2.

The following figure shows the initial stages of the Moore curve:

Hilbert curve
The Hilbert curve (also known as the Hilbert space-filling curve) is a continuous fractal space-filling curve first described by the German mathematician David Hilbert in 1891, as a variant of the space-filling Peano curves discovered by Giuseppe Peano in 1890.

Because it is space-filling, its Hausdorff dimension is 2 (precisely, its image is the unit square, whose dimension is 2 in any definition of dimension; its graph is a compact set homeomorphic to the closed unit interval, with Hausdorff dimension 1).

The Hilbert curve is constructed as a limit of piecewise linear curves. The length of the th curve is , i.e., the length grows exponentially with , even though each curve is contained in a square with area .
Michael Gilkes (writer)
Michael Arthur Gilkes (5 November 1933 – 14 April 2020) was a Caribbean literary critic, dramatist, poet, filmmaker and university lecturer. He was involved in theatre for more than 40 years, as a director, actor and playwright, winning the Guyana Prize for Drama in 1992 and 2006, as well as the Guyana Prize for Best Book of Poetry in 2002. He was also respected for his insight into and writings on the work of Wilson Harris.

Wilson Harris
Sir Theodore Wilson Harris (24 March 1921 – 8 March 2018) was a Guyanese writer. He initially wrote poetry, but subsequently became a novelist and essayist. His writing style is often said to be abstract and densely metaphorical, and his subject matter wide-ranging. Harris is considered one of the most original and innovative voices in postwar literature in English. While he had a substantial impact on early post-colonial thought, his work is somewhat obscure today.
Kirchbach-Zerlach
Kirchbach-Zerlach is since 2015 a municipality with 3,271 residents (as of 1 January 2016) in the Südoststeiermark District of Styria, Austria. In 2015 the municipality was called Kirchbach in der Steiermark.

The municipality of Kirchbach-Zerlach was formed as part of the Styria municipal structural reform, at the end of 2014, from the former towns of Kirchbach in Steiermark and Zerlach.

After a municipal council agreement, from 1 January 2016, the municipality bears the name "Kirchbach-Zerlach".

Zerlach
Zerlach is a former municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Kirchbach-Zerlach.
Cullen Jenkins
Cullen Darome Jenkins (born January 20, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Central Michigan Chippewas and was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2003. In his last year as a Packer, Jenkins won Super Bowl XLV over the Pittsburgh Steelers. He also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, New York Giants, and Washington Redskins.

Central Michigan Chippewas football
The Central Michigan Chippewas are a college football program in Division I FBS, representing Central Michigan University (CMU). CMU has the 24th highest overall winning percentage of programs playing in NCAA Division I.

The Chippewas have played in six bowl games in the last nine years, most recently defeating Washington State in the 2021 Sun Bowl. CMU drew 60,624 fans in the 2007 Motor City Bowl. CMU has played a total of eighteen post-season games (conference championships and bowl games), winning seven.
Fischer–Saller scale
The Fischer–Saller Scale, named for eugenicist Eugen Fischer and German anthropologist Karl Saller, is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color. The scale uses the following designations:

Eugen Fischer
Eugen Fischer (5 June 1874 – 9 July 1967) was a German professor of medicine, anthropology, and eugenics, and a member of the Nazi Party. He served as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, and also served as rector of the Frederick William University of Berlin.

Fischer's ideas informed the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 which served to justify the Nazi Party's belief in German racial superiority to other "races", and especially the Jews. Adolf Hitler read Fischer's work while he was imprisoned in 1923 and he used Fischer's eugenic notions to support his vision of a pure Aryan society in his manifesto Mein Kampf (My Struggle).

After the war, Fischer completed his memoirs. It is believed that in them he lessened his role in the genocidal programme of Nazi Germany. He died in 1967.
Internati
Internati, officially known as Giorgi Chkondideli District (Georgian: ჭყონდიდელის დასახლება), is a suburb of Rustavi, south-eastern Georgia, which is situated in the eastern part of the city and is separated from the rest of town by the Tbilisi-Baku railway track. The name Internati (Internatebi) comes from the short form of the word "International", used because diverse ethnic groups live there alongside Georgians. In spite of the popularity, it is not used as the official name.

Rustavi
Rustavi (Georgian: რუსთავი [ɾustʰavi]) is a city in the southeast of Georgia, in the region of Kvemo Kartli and 20 km (12 mi) south of the capital Tbilisi. It has a population of 127,154 (January 2024), making it the third most populous city in Georgia. Its economy is dominated by the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant.
Kay McGrath
Kay McGrath is an Australian former journalist, most notably being the former weekend presenter on Seven News Brisbane. She formerly presented the bulletin with Rod Young on weekends between 2013 and 2016, and on weeknights between 2002 and 2012, during which, after years of steady progress, the bulletin overtook the rival Nine News Queensland as the top-rating news service in Brisbane.

Seven News
Seven News (stylised 7NEWS) is the television news service of the Seven Network and, as of 2021, the highest-rated show in Australia.

National bulletins are presented from Seven's high definition studios in South Eveleigh, Sydney, while its flagship 6 pm statewide bulletins are produced in studios based in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Tasmania. The network also produces weeknight local news bulletins for regional markets in Queensland, New South Wales (including the ACT), Victoria and Western Australia.

It draws upon the resources of ITN, NBC, CBC, CNN, APTN and Reuters for select international coverage.
Sheringham High School
Sheringham High School is a secondary school and sixth form located in the town of Sheringham in the English county of Norfolk. The school has around 700 students, usually including between 160 and 180 in the sixth form centre. It shares a campus with Sheringham Primary School and Sheringham Woodfields School. The headteacher is Dawn Hollidge.

Sheringham
Sheringham (/ˈʃɛrɪŋəm/; population 7,367) is a seaside town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The motto of the town, granted in 1953 to the Sheringham Urban District Council, is Mare Ditat Pinusque Decorat, Latin for "The sea enriches and the pine adorns".
Tipos aréna
The Ondrej Nepela Arena (Slovak: Zimný Štadión Ondreja Nepelu) (also known as Orange Arena during the 2011 IIHF Championship and later as Tipos Aréna, previously Slovnaft Arena, for sponsorship reasons) is an indoor arena in Bratislava, Slovakia. It is primarily used for ice hockey and it is the home arena of the HC Slovan Bratislava.

2011 IIHF World Championship
The 2011 IIHF World Championship was the 75th IIHF World Championship, an annual international men's ice hockey tournament. It took place between 29 April and 15 May 2011 in Slovakia. The games were played in the Orange Arena in Bratislava, and the Steel Aréna in Košice. The Czech team was the defending champion.

This was the first time the independent Slovakia hosted the World Championships. However, this was the third time that Bratislava co-hosted the World Championships. The first two times were 1959 and 1992, each time with Prague, and while part of Czechoslovakia.

Finland won the gold medal after beating Sweden in the final 6–1. This was the second title for Finland, and the most lopsided final since the knockout playoff format was introduced in 1992.
Gulshan Cricket Club
Gulshan Cricket Club is a Bangladeshi club cricket team competing in the List A Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League. The club earned promotion to the Premier Division for the 2024–25 season after winning the 2023–24 Dhaka First Division Cricket League. They had earlier secured the Dhaka Second Division Cricket League title in the 2022–23 season.

2024–25 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League
The 2024–25 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League (DPDCL) is the 11th edition of the Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, a List A cricket competition in Bangladesh. It is being contested by 12 club teams. The tournament started on 3 March 2025. Player signings took place on 22 and 23 February 2025. The first eight rounds and the last three rounds of the tournament were separated by a  break of two weeks for the observance of Eid.

Abahani Limited were the defending champions. Gulshan Cricket Club and Agrani Bank Cricket Club were promoted to this season's tournament after achieving the top two places in the 2023–24 Dhaka First Division Cricket League, replacing Gazi Tyres Cricket Academy and City Club, who were relegated after the previous tournament.

The 2024–25 tournament's official name is the "Bashundhara Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League 2024-25", after the main sponsors, Bashundhara Group.