hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spectrochemical series
A spectrochemical series is a list of ligands ordered by ligand "strength", and a list of metal ions based on oxidation number, group and element. For a metal ion, the ligands modify the difference in energy Δ between the d orbitals, called the ligand-field splitting parameter in ligand field theory, or the crystal-field splitting parameter in crystal field theory. The splitting parameter is reflected in the ion's electronic and magnetic properties such as its spin state, and optical properties such as its color and absorption spectrum.

Spin states (d electrons)
Spin states when describing transition metal coordination complexes refers to the potential spin configurations of the central metal's d electrons. For several oxidation states, metals can adopt high-spin and low-spin configurations. The ambiguity only applies to first row metals, because second- and third-row metals are invariably low-spin. These configurations can be understood through the two major models used to describe coordination complexes; crystal field theory and ligand field theory (a more advanced version based on molecular orbital theory).
Boisar high-speed railway station
Boisar high-speed railway station is an under-construction high-speed railway station on the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor. This station is located in Warangade, Boisar, Maharashtra, India. It is the fourth station of the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, after Virar station and before Vapi station.

Virar high-speed railway station
Virar high-speed railway station, shortened to Vasai-Virar station, is an under-construction high-speed railway station on the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor. This station is located near Sahakar Nagar, Virar East, Virar, Maharashtra, India. It is the third station of the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, after Thane station and before Boisar station.
Longdé
Longdé (Tibetan: ཀློང་སྡེ།, Wylie: klong sde, Sanskrit: abhyantaravarga) is the name of one of three scriptural divisions within Dzogchen, which is itself the pinnacle of the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

The name "longdé" is translated as "Space Division" or "Space Series" of Dzogchen and emphasises the emptiness (Tibetan: སྟོང་པ།, Wylie: stong pa) or spaciousness (Tibetan: ཀློང།, Wylie: klong) aspect of the Natural State.

Due to the different approaches of various Dzogchen lineages, three series of teachings have developed, of which longdé is one. The other two divisions or series are semde and menngagde.   Penor Rinpoche attributes longdé to Dorje Zampa, Sri Singha and Vairotsana's lineage.

Menngagde
In Tibetan Buddhism and Bon, Menngagde (Tibetan: མན་ངག་སྡེ་, Wylie: man ngag sde, THL: men-ngak-dé, Sanskrit: upadeśavarga), is the name of one of three scriptural and lineage divisions within Dzogchen (Great Perfection atiyōga).

Dzogchen is itself the pinnacle of the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Menngagde focuses on rigpa. The Menngagde or 'Instruction Class' of Dzogchen teachings are divided into two parts: trekchö and tögel.

The practice is that of Cutting through Solidity (khregs chod), which is related to primordial purity (ka dag); and Direct Vision of Reality (thod rgal), which is related to spontaneous presence (Ihun grub).
Eurypteroidea
Eurypteroidea are an extinct superfamily of eurypterids. It contains three families (Dolichopteridae, Eurypteridae, Strobilopteridae) and two genera of uncertain classification, Paraeurypterus and Pentlandopterus.

Pentlandopterus
Pentlandopterus is a genus of prehistoric eurypterid from the Late Ordovician period. The genus contains one species, P. minor, known from the Pentland Hills in Scotland. Classified as part of the Eurypteroidea superfamily, it has not yet been possible to classify it as part of any particular family.
Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (/ˈriːmɑːn/; German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛʁnhaʁt ˈʁiːman] ⓘ; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rigorous formulation of the integral, the Riemann integral, and his work on Fourier series. His contributions to complex analysis include most notably the introduction of Riemann surfaces, breaking new ground in a natural, geometric treatment of complex analysis. His 1859 paper on the prime-counting function, containing the original statement of the Riemann hypothesis, is regarded as a foundational paper of analytic number theory. Through his pioneering contributions to differential geometry, Riemann laid the foundations of the mathematics of general relativity. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.

On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude
"Ueber die Anzahl der Primzahlen unter einer gegebenen Grösse" (usual English translation: "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude") is a seminal 9-page paper by Bernhard Riemann published in the November 1859 edition of the Monatsberichte der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.
Discrimination against lesbians
Discrimination against lesbians, sometimes called lesbophobia or lesphobia, comprises various forms of prejudice and negativity towards lesbians as individuals, as couples, as a group, or lesbianism in general.

Examples of discrimination against lesbians include, but are not limited to, discrimination in housing and employment, physical or sexual abuse including corrective rape, lack of legal protections for lesbian couples to care for one another, removal of children from lesbian mothers, negative stereotypes and negative media representation, verbal harassment, legal persecution and imprisonment, government censorship, and familial and/or community rejection.

Lesbophobia is analogous to gayphobia.

Corrective rape
Corrective rape, also called curative rape or homophobic rape, is a hate crime in which somebody is raped because of their perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. The common intended consequence of the rape, as claimed by the perpetrator, is to turn the person heterosexual.

The term was coined in South Africa after well-known cases of corrective rapes of lesbian women such as Eudy Simelane (who was also murdered in the same attack) and Zoliswa Nkonyana became public. Popularization of the term has raised awareness and encouraged LGBTQ+ people in countries across the world to come forward with their own stories of being raped as punishment for or in an attempt to change their sexual orientation or gender identity. Although some countries have laws protecting LGBTQ+ people, corrective rape is often overlooked.
Johnny the Homicidal Maniac
Johnny the Homicidal Maniac (often abbreviated JtHM) is the first comic book by Jhonen Vasquez. The series tells the story of a young man named Johnny "Nny" C. as he explores the psychological and possibly supernatural forces which compel him to commit a string of murders. JtHM began as a comic strip in the 1990s, then ran under alternative comics publisher Slave Labor Graphics as a limited series of seven issues, later collected in the trade paperback Johnny the Homicidal Maniac: Director's Cut. The series produced three spin-offs: Squee!, I Feel Sick, and Fillerbunny.

Squee!
Squee! is a four-issue comic book series by Jhonen Vasquez, published by Slave Labor Graphics, featuring a supporting character from Vasquez's previous series Johnny the Homicidal Maniac. The series was eventually collected as the trade paperback Squee's Wonderful Big Giant Book of Unspeakable Horrors.
Tharsis
Tharsis (/ˈθɑːrsɪs/) is a vast volcanic plateau centered near the equator in the western hemisphere of Mars. The region is home to the largest volcanoes in the Solar System, including the three enormous shield volcanoes Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Ascraeus Mons, which are collectively known as the Tharsis Montes. The tallest volcano on the planet, Olympus Mons, is often associated with the Tharsis region but is actually located off the western edge of the plateau. The name Tharsis is the Greco-Latin transliteration of the biblical Tarshish, the land at the western extremity of the known world.

Ascraeus Mons
Ascraeus Mons /əˈskriːəs ˈmɒnz/ is a large shield volcano located in the Tharsis region of the planet Mars. It is the northernmost and tallest of three shield volcanoes collectively known as the Tharsis Montes.
Murid gammaherpesvirus 68
Murid gammaherpesvirus 68 (MuHV-68) is an isolate of the virus species Murid gammaherpesvirus 4, a member of the genus Rhadinovirus.  It is a member of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae in the family of Herpesviridae. MuHV-68 serves as a model for study of human gammaherpesviruses which cause significant human disease including B-cell lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. The WUMS strain of MuHV-68 was fully sequenced and annotated in 1997, and the necessity of most of its genes in viral replication was characterized by random transposon mutagenesis.

Gammaherpesvirinae
Gammaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Herpesvirales and in the family Herpesviridae. Viruses in Gammaherpesvirinae are distinguished by reproducing at a more variable rate than other subfamilies of Herpesviridae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. Viruses associated with disease in this subfamily include Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
The Parisian Macao
The Parisian Macao (Chinese: 澳門巴黎人) is a casino resort on the Cotai Strip in Cotai, Macau, China owned by Las Vegas Sands, which features a half-scale Eiffel Tower as one of its landmarks. It was originally expected to be operational in late 2015, with that later changed to August 2016. The hotel officially opened on 13 September 2016.

Cotai Strip
The Cotai Strip is an area known mostly for its hotel-casinos in the central portion of Cotai, Macau. The term was first coined by the Las Vegas Sands Corporation in reference to its construction of a strip.

Cotai was the result of a major land reclamation project which joined the two islands of Coloane and Taipa and forms part of the Macau government's continuous efforts to expand the region's territory. The reclaimed land in Cotai has been mainly used for the development of casinos.

Over the past few decades, the layout of the Cotai Strip has also slowly developed into a grid-like layout with major hotels and casinos, not directly connected to the 'strip' as opposed to Las Vegas Strip where the majority of major hotels and casinos have front access to the strip.
Zhu Xicai
Zhu Xicai (Chinese: 朱希彩) (died 772), formally the Prince of Gaomi (高密王), was a general of the Chinese Tang dynasty. He initially served under Li Huaixian, the military governor (jiedushi) of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing), which Li Huaixian governed in de facto independence from the imperial government. In 768, he, along with fellow officers Zhu Ci and Zhu Tao (Zhu Ci's brother), killed Li Huaixian and took over control of the circuit. In 772, he was himself killed and replaced by Zhu Ci.

Zhu Ci
Zhu Ci (Chinese: 朱泚; 742–784) was a Chinese military general, monarch, and rebel during the Tang dynasty. He initially served as military governor (Jiedushi) of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing), but later became a general for the imperial government.  Resentful that he was removed from his command due to the rebellion by his brother Zhu Tao, when Emperor Dezong of Tang fled the capital Chang'an after a mutiny, Zhu Ci declared himself emperor of a new state of Qin (later changed to Han).  He was defeated and forced to flee Chang'an in 784 and was killed in flight.
Aab gosh
Aab Gosh (Kashmiri pronunciation: [aːb ɡoːʃ]) is a traditional Kashmiri mutton curry made with tender pieces of lamb cooked in a milk-based gravy. It is a popular dish in Kashmiri cuisine and is commonly served as part of the traditional multi-course meal called Wazwan.

Wazwan
Wazwan (Kashmiri pronunciation: [ʋaːzɨʋaːn]) is a multi-course meal in Kashmiri cuisine, originating from Kashmir.

Almost all the dishes are meat-based using lamb, beef or mutton with few vegetarian dishes. It is popular throughout the larger Kashmir region. Moreover, Wazwan is also served internationally at Kashmiri food festivals and reunions.
All dishes are prepared according to halal standards. For vegetarians, there are distinctive delicacies such as Dum Alve, Nadur (lotus stem), Haakh (collard greens), Kashmiri vegetarian pulao is a flavorful dish prepared with aromatic Kashmiri spices, vegetables, and a mix of dried fruits, creating a rich and delightful culinary experience.
Steve Angello
Steve Patrik Angello Josefsson Fragogiannis (Born 22 November 1982), known professionally as Steve Angello, is a Greek–Swedish DJ, record producer, remixer and record label owner. He is a member of Swedish House Mafia, together with Axwell and Sebastian Ingrosso.

Axwell
Axel Christofer Hedfors (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈǎksɛl krɪˈstɔ̌fːɛr ˈhêː(d)fɔʂ]; born 18 December 1977), better known by his stage name Axwell, is a Swedish DJ, record producer, remixer and owner of Axtone Records. He is a member of Swedish House Mafia along with Sebastian Ingrosso and Steve Angello. He is a two-time DJ Awards winner, and in 2013 he was placed 19th on the DJ Magazine Top 100 DJ Poll.
Yang Su
Yang Su (Chinese: 楊素; 544 – 31 August 606), courtesy name Chudao (處道), posthumous name Duke Jingwu of Chu (楚景武公), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Sui dynasty whose authority eventually became nearly as supreme as the emperor's.  Traditional sinologists generally believed that he was involved in the suspected murder of Emperor Wen in 604, at the behest of Emperor Wen's son Yang Guang (the later Emperor Yang). His son Yang Xuangan later rebelled against Emperor Yang in 613 but was defeated and killed, and Yang Su's other sons were also executed.

Yang Xuangan
Yang Xuangan (Chinese: 楊玄感; pinyin: Yáng Xuángǎn; died 21 August 613) was a Chinese military general and politician who lived during the Sui dynasty. He was the son of Yang Su, a military general and politician himself. As he knew that Emperor Yang was apprehensive of his father, he was never quite secure.  In 613, when Emperor Yang was attacking Goguryeo, he rebelled near the eastern capital Luoyang but was soon quelled and defeated.  He ordered his brother Yang Jishan (楊積善) to kill him, so as not to fall into Emperor Yang's hands.
Xue Ji
Xue Ji (Chinese: 薛稷; 649 – July 29, 713), courtesy name Sitong (嗣通), was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, and politician of the Tang dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Ruizong. He was considered one of the four greatest calligraphers of early Tang, along with Yu Shinan, Ouyang Xun, and Chu Suiliang.

Yu Shinan
Yu Shinan (558 – 11 July 638), courtesy name Boshi, posthumously known as Duke Wenyi of Yongxing, was a Chinese calligrapher and politician who lived in the early Tang dynasty and rose to prominence during the reign of Emperor Taizong. His uncle, Yu Ji (虞寄), also served in the Tang imperial court as an Imperial Secretary. He is regarded as one of the four greatest calligraphers in the early Tang dynasty along with Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, and one of the more famous ones in the history of Chinese calligraphy. Emperor Taizong once mentioned that Yu Shinan was "a man of five absolute merits", referring to his virtuous behavior, loyalty, erudition, writings and calligraphy.
Inker
The inker (sometimes credited as the finisher or embellisher) is one of the two line artists in traditional American comic book production. In his seminal work Understanding Comics, cartoonist and theorist Scott McCloud categorizes the final execution of lines -- traditionally the domain of the inker -- as the "Surface" stage of the six-step creative process, noting that this is the aspect of the work most immediately apparent to the viewer.

After the penciller creates a drawing with pencil, the inker interprets this drawing by outlining and embellishing it with a pencil, an ink pen or a brush with black ink. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. Another specialist, the letterer, handles the "inking" of text and word balloons, while the colorist applies color to the final inked art submitted by the inker.

Penciller
A penciller (or penciler) is an artist who works on the creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms, with a focus on the initial pencil illustrations.

In the American comic book industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form, and may require several steps of feedback with the writer. These artists are concerned with layout (positions and vantages on scenes) to showcase steps in the plot.
Jacques Fontanille
Jacques Fontanille (born 1948) is a French semiotician who is one of the main exponents of the Paris School of Semiotics. He has authored or co-authored ten books and a number of articles or book chapters whose topics span theoretical semiotics, literary semiotics, and semiotics of the visual. A former student and collaborator of the founder of the Paris School of Semiotics, Algirdas Julien Greimas, Fontanille is one of the main continuators of Greimas' research program as he collaborated with him in his last published works, and assisted him in the administering and organizing of the Inter-Semiotic seminar at the École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) in Paris. After Greimas' death, the course continued under Fontanille's mantle until it became his own seminar at the Institut Universitaire de France.

Algirdas Julien Greimas
Algirdas Julien Greimas (French: [alɡiʁdas ʒyljɛ̃ gʁɛmas]; born Algirdas Julius Greimas; 9 March 1917 – 27 February 1992) was a Lithuanian literary scientist who wrote most of his body of work in French while living in France. Greimas is known among other things for the Greimas square (le carré sémiotique). He is, along with Roland Barthes, considered the most prominent of the French semioticians. With his training in structural linguistics, he added to the theory of signification, plastic semiotics, and laid the foundations for the Parisian school of semiotics. Among Greimas's major contributions to semiotics are the concepts of isotopy, the actantial model, the narrative program, and the semiotics of the natural world. He also researched Lithuanian mythology and Proto-Indo-European religion, and was influential in semiotic literary criticism.
Andrzej Dostatni
Andrzej Dostatni (Polish pronunciation: [ˈandʐɛj dɔˈstatɲi]; born 9 December 1966) is a Polish former competitive ice dancer. With Honorata Górna, he became a three-time Polish national champion and competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics. With Małgorzata Grajcar, he is the 1990 Skate Canada International bronze medalist and a three-time Polish national champion. They finished in the top ten at the 1989 and 1990 European Championships.

Honorata Górna
Honorata Górna (born 7 April 1968 in Świecie) is a Polish former ice dancer. With former partner Andrzej Dostatni, she is a three-time Polish national champion and competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
Khairy Pasha Palace
Khairy Pasha Palace is a neo-Mamluk building and former palace of Khairy Pasha, located on 113 Qasr El Eyni Street, in Tahrir Square, Cairo. It served as the American University in Cairo's  Tahrir Square campus (AUC Downtown) since 1920 until 2008 when the new campus was inaugurated in New Cairo (AUC New Cairo). The building in the photograph on the right was originally the Girls' School of the Greek Community of Cairo. In 1964 it was sold to the AUC and served as the Greek Campus.

American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo (AUC; Arabic: الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, romanized: al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in New Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, along with a continuing education program. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education in the United States and Egypt's National Authority for Quality Assurance and Assessment of Education.
Schiltron
A schiltron (also spelled sheltron, sceld-trome, schiltrom, or shiltron) is a compact body of troops forming a battle array, shield wall or phalanx. The term is most often associated with Scottish pike formations during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

Shield wall
A shield wall is a military formation that was common in ancient and medieval warfare. There were many slight variations of this formation,
but the common factor was soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder and holding their shields so that they would abut or overlap. Each soldier thus benefited from the protection of the shields of his neighbors and his own.
Cavalry FC
Cavalry Football Club is a Canadian professional soccer club based in the Calgary metropolitan region of Alberta. The club competes at the top of the Canadian soccer league system in the Canadian Premier League, and plays their home matches at ATCO Field on the grounds of Spruce Meadows in Foothills County.

The team is managed by Tommy Wheeldon Jr. and owned by Spruce Meadows Sports & Entertainment.

ATCO Field
ATCO Field is a soccer stadium at Spruce Meadows in Foothills County, Alberta, Canada. It is home to Cavalry FC of the Canadian Premier League. The venue (formerly known as Meadows on the Green) also serves as the home for several equestrian events spanning two to four weeks per year. ATCO, the Canadian corporation from which the stadium gets its name, is also owned by the Southern family.
Hunters Quay
Hunters Quay (Scottish Gaelic: Camas Rainich) is a village in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Situated between Kirn to the south and Ardnadam to the north, Hunters Quay is the main base of Western Ferries, operating between Hunters Quay and McInroy's Point.

Gourock
Gourock (/ˈɡʊərək/ ⓘ GOOR-ək; Scottish Gaelic: Guireag [ˈkuɾʲak]) is a town in the Inverclyde council area and formerly a burgh of the County of Renfrew in the west of Scotland. It was a seaside resort on the East shore of the upper Firth of Clyde. Its main function today is as a residential area, extending contiguously from Greenock, with a railway terminus and ferry services across the Clyde.
Mercedes de Acosta
Mercedes de Acosta (March 1, 1892 – May 9, 1968) was an American poet, playwright, and novelist. Although she failed to achieve artistic and professional distinction, de Acosta is known for her many lesbian affairs with celebrated Broadway and Hollywood personalities including Alla Nazimova, Isadora Duncan, Eva Le Gallienne, and Marlene Dietrich. Her best-known involvement was with Greta Garbo with whom, in 1931, she began a sporadic and volatile romance. Her 1960 memoir, Here Lies the Heart, is considered part of gay history insofar that it hints at the lesbian element in some of her relationships.

Isadora Duncan
Angela Isadora Duncan (May 26, 1877, or May 27, 1878 – September 14, 1927) was an American-born dancer and choreographer, who was a pioneer of modern contemporary dance and performed to great acclaim throughout Europe and the United States. Born and raised in California, she lived and danced in Western Europe, the U.S., and Soviet Russia from the age of 22. She died when her scarf became entangled in the wheel and axle of the car in which she was travelling in Nice, France.