hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Paine
Michael Ralph Paine (June 25, 1928 – March 1, 2018) was an American engineer who became notable after the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, as he was an acquaintance of Lee Harvey Oswald. His wife, Ruth Paine, housed Oswald's wife, Marina Oswald, in her home for several months until the day after the assassination. Supporters of the Warren Commission's analysis of the assassination have generally had a positive view of the Paines, but various conspiracy theorists have speculated that they may have had an ulterior motive.

Marina Oswald Porter
Marina Nikolayevna Oswald Porter (née Prusakova; born July 17, 1941) is a Russian-born American woman who was the wife of Lee Harvey Oswald.

Born in the Soviet Union, she immigrated to the United States after marrying Lee Oswald during his temporary defection to the Soviet Bloc. After the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Oswald's murder, Marina testified against Oswald for the Warren Commission and remarried, becoming a naturalized United States citizen. Although Marina initially supported the Warren Commission's findings, she ultimately expressed doubts and advocated for Oswald's innocence. Notably, she expressed belief that Oswald was the unidentified "Prayer Man" filmed on the steps of the Texas School Book Depository by James Darnell and Dave Wiegman as the gunshots were fired at JFK.
Overhead projector
An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.

In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as "viewfoils", "foils", "acetate" or "transparencies") with the image to be projected either printed or hand-written/drawn. These transparent sheets are placed on the glass platen of the projector, which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens assembly above it (hence, "overhead"). They were widely used in education and business before the advent of video projectors.

Slide projector
A slide projector is an optical device for projecting enlarged images of photographic slides onto a screen. Many projectors have mechanical arrangements to show a series  of slides loaded into a special tray sequentially.

35 mm slide projectors, direct descendants of the larger-format magic lantern, first came into widespread use during the 1950s for slide shows as home entertainment, and for use by educational and other institutes. Reversal film created a small positive projectable image rather than the negatives used since the early days of photography; photography now produced 35mm directly viewable small colour slides, rather than large monochrome negatives. The slide images were too small for unaided viewing, and required enlargement by a projector or enlarging viewer.

Photographic film slides and projectors have been replaced by image files on digital storage media shown on a projection screen by using a video projector, or displayed on a large-screen video monitor.
The Bachelor (American TV series)
The Bachelor is an American dating and relationship reality television series that debuted on March 25, 2002, on ABC. For its first 25 seasons, the show was hosted by Chris Harrison. As the essence of the original  The Bachelor franchise, its success resulted in several spin-offs including The Bachelorette, Bachelor Pad, Bachelor in Paradise, Bachelor in Paradise: After Paradise, The Bachelor Winter Games, The Bachelor Presents: Listen to Your Heart, The Bachelor: The Greatest Seasons – Ever!, The Golden Bachelor, and The Golden Bachelorette, as well as spawning many international editions of the shows.

On May 10, 2024, ABC renewed the series for a twenty-ninth season, which premiered on January 27, 2025. On June 30, 2025, the series was renewed for a thirtieth season.

Bachelor Pad
Bachelor Pad is an elimination-style two-hour American reality television game show that debuted on August 9, 2010 on ABC. The show features contestants from The Bachelor and The Bachelorette, who compete for a final cash prize of $250,000. Former game show host and news anchor Chris Harrison reprises his role from The Bachelor, while Melissa Rycroft served as special guest co-host for the first season.

In March 2013, it was announced that the program would not return for a fourth season. However, one year later after the show cancelled, it was replaced by Bachelor in Paradise.

Blake Julian and Holly Durst of season 2 were married on June 2, 2012. They are the only Bachelor Pad couple to get married.
Bente Irene Aaland
Bente Irene Aaland (born 5 January 1956) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. A deputy to the Storting from Hedmark since 2021, she met as deputy for Nils Kristen Sandtrøen from February to April 2025.

Nils Kristen Sandtrøen
Nils Kristen Sandtrøen  (born 2 February 1989) is a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party. He has served as a member of parliament, the Storting, from Hedmark, since 2017, and has been Minister of Agriculture and Food since February 2025.
Colorado River State Historic Park
Colorado River State Historic Park, formerly Yuma Crossing State Historic Park and Yuma Quartermaster Depot State Historic Park, and now one of the Yuma Crossing and Associated Sites on the National Register of Historic Places in the Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area. It is an Arizona state park in the city of Yuma, Arizona, US.

The Yuma Quartermaster Depot was an important quartermaster depot during the 1870s. Goods were shipped up the Colorado River from the Gulf of California and stored at Yuma for distribution to the desert frontier forts in the Southwestern United States territories.

Yuma Crossing
Yuma Crossing is a site in Arizona and California that is significant for its association with transportation and communication across the Colorado River.  It connected New Spain and Las Californias in the Spanish Colonial period in and also during the Western expansion of the United States.  Features of the Arizona side include the Yuma Quartermaster Depot and Yuma Territorial Prison.  Features on the California Side include Fort Yuma,  which protected the area from 1850 to 1885.
Komi-Permyak Okrug
Komi-Permyak Okrug (Russian: Ко́ми-Пермя́цкий о́круг, Komi-Permyatsky okrug; Komi-Permyak: Коми-Перем кытш, Komi-Perem kyč), or Permyakia was a territory with special status within Perm Krai, Russia. Its administrative center was the town of Kudymkar. Population:  116,157 (2010 Census); 136,076 (2002 Census); 159,689 (1989 Soviet census).

It was a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug) until December 1, 2005. It was known as Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Ко́ми-Пермя́цкий автоно́мный о́круг; Komi: Перым-Коми автономия кытш) at the time.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Eastern Berber languages
The Eastern Berber languages are a group of Berber languages spoken in Libya and Egypt. They include Awjila, Sokna and Fezzan (El-Fogaha), Siwi and Ghadamès, though it is not clear that they form a valid genealogical group.

Eastern Berber is generally considered as part of the Zenatic Berber supergroup of Northern Berber.

Zenati languages
The Zenati languages are a branch of the Northern Berber language family of North Africa. They were named after the medieval Zenata Berber tribal confederation. They were first proposed in the works of French linguist Edmond Destaing (1915) (1920–23). Zenata dialects are distributed across the central Berber world (Maghreb), from northeastern Morocco to just west of Algiers, and the northern Sahara, from southwestern Algeria around Béchar to Zuwara in Libya. The most widely spoken Zenati languages are Tmazight of the Rif in northern Morocco and Tashawit Berber in northeastern Algeria, each of which have over 3 million speakers.
R.I.P.D. The Game
R.I.P.D. The Game is a co-op third-person shooter video game based on the 2013 film R.I.P.D.. It was developed by Old School Games and published by Atlus USA. It was released on July 17, 2013, for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows. The gameplay is derived from Old School Games' previous game, God Mode. Players in R.I.P.D. The Game are able to play as Roy Pulsipher or Nick Walker in a cooperative horde mode gametype against renegade ghosts also known as "deadoes", who stay on earth to avoid their fate in the afterlife.

God Mode (video game)
God Mode is a co-op, arena-based, third-person shooter video game focusing on survival mode style gameplay. It was developed by Saber Interactive in conjunction with Old School Games and published by Atlus. The game uses Saber Interactive's internal Saber3D Engine. Its gameplay was later used as basis for R.I.P.D. The Game.
Lineage (anthropology)
In anthropology, a lineage is a unilineal descent group that traces its ancestry to a demonstrably shared ancestor, known as the apical ancestor. Lineages are formed through relationships traced either exclusively through the maternal line (matrilineage), paternal line (patrilineage), or some combination of both (ambilineal). The cultural significance of matrilineal or patrilineal descent varies greatly, shaping social structures, inheritance patterns, and even rituals across societies.

Unilineality
Unilineality is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline).  Both patrilineality and matrilineality are types of unilineal descent. The main types of the unilineal descent groups are lineages and clans.

A lineage is a unilineal descent group that can demonstrate their common descent from a known apical ancestor. It is also called the simple unilineal descent.
Escherichia coli O121
Escherichia coli O121 is a pathogenic serotype of Escherichia coli, associated with
Shiga toxin, intestinal bleeding, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS, if left untreated, can lead to kidney failure.

Most serotypes of E. coli—a widespread species of bacteria residing in the lower intestines of mammals—are beneficial or do not cause disease. Unlike other pathogenic serotypes, such as E. coli O157:H7 (also an enterohemorrhagic E. coli), little is known in detail about the public health significance of O121. Therefore, O121 is sometimes roughly classified as a type of "non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing E. coli " (non-O157 STEC).

Escherichia coli O157:H7
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin–producing types of E. coli. It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef. Infection with this type of pathogenic bacteria may lead to hemorrhagic diarrhea, and to kidney failure; these have been reported to cause the deaths of children younger than five years of age, of elderly patients, and of patients whose immune systems are otherwise compromised.

Transmission is via the fecal–oral route, and most illness has been through distribution of contaminated raw leaf green vegetables, undercooked meat and raw milk.
A. K. Paul
Anup Kumar Paul (born 1986) is an English singer, songwriter and producer from London. Paul came to prominence in 2011 as a contributor to his brother Jai Paul's debut single "BTSTU (Edit)". The following year, he co-wrote the demo of Jai's single "Jasmine", as well as Big Boi's song "Higher Res".

Paul is the recipient of two Ivor Novello Awards, which he received in 2013 for his work on Emeli Sandé's single "Next to Me". A. K, Jai and Muz Azar then launched the Paul Institute, a record label and musical incubator; its first release was Paul's 2016 debut single, "Landcruisin'". In 2023, Paul performed live as a part of Jai's debut performances at Coachella and subsequent tour.

Jai Paul
Jai Paul (born 30 June 1988) is a British songwriter, record producer and recording artist. His early demo "BTSTU" led to his online discovery and a subsequent recording contract with XL Recordings. Together with its follow-up "Jasmine", these songs have been regarded as influential on underground as well as mainstream pop music in the 2010s.

A demo album consisting of songs for his aborted debut album Bait Ones was leaked in 2013 and unofficially uploaded by an unknown source to the surprise and acclaim of critics, leading to Paul taking an extended hiatus from music. Paul returned in 2019 with the official release of his leaked album and a new double single entitled "Do You Love Her Now / He". In 2023, at Coachella, he performed live for the first time in his career.
Mount Tongariro
Mount Tongariro (/ˈtɒŋɡərɪroʊ/; Māori: [tɔŋaɾiɾɔ]) is a compound volcano in the Taupō Volcanic Zone of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 20 km (12 mi) to the southwest of Lake Taupō, and is the northernmost of the three active volcanoes that dominate the landscape of the central North Island.

Taupō Volcanic Zone
The Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is a volcanic area in the North Island of New Zealand. It has been active for at least the past two million years and is still highly active.

Mount Ruapehu marks its south-western end and the zone runs north-eastward through the Taupō and Rotorua areas and offshore into the Bay of Plenty. It is part of a larger Central Volcanic Region that extends to the Coromandel Peninsula and has been active for four million years. The zone is contained within the tectonic intra-arc continental Taupō Rift and this rift volcanic zone is widening unevenly east–west, with the greatest rate of widening at the Bay of Plenty coast, the least at Mount Ruapehu and a rate of about 8 mm (0.31 in) per year at Taupō. The zone is named after Lake Taupō, the flooded caldera of the largest volcano in the zone, the Taupō Volcano and contains a large central volcanic plateau as well as other landforms.
Gabrielle D. Clements
Gabrielle de Veaux Clements (September 11, 1858 – March 26, 1948) was an American painter, print maker, and muralist. She studied art at the Philadelphia School of Design for Women, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and in Paris at Académie Julian. Clements also studied science at Cornell University and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree. She created murals, painted portraits, and made etchings. Clements taught in Philadelphia and in Baltimore at Bryn Mawr School. Her works have been exhibited in the United States and at the Paris Salon. Clements works are in several public collections. Her life companion was fellow artist Ellen Day Hale.

Ellen Day Hale
Ellen Day Hale (February 11, 1855 – February 11, 1940) was an American Impressionist painter and printmaker from Boston. She studied art in Paris and during her adult life lived in Paris, London and Boston. She exhibited at the Paris Salon and the Royal Academy of Arts. Hale wrote the book History of Art: A Study of the Lives of Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian, and Albrecht Dürer and mentored the next generation of New England female artists, paving the way for widespread acceptance of female artists.
WCRQ
WCRQ (102.9 MHz, Border Country 102.9) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Dennysville, Maine.  The station is owned by WQDY, Inc., which also owns 92.7 WQDY-FM Calais and 95.3 WALZ Machias.  WCRQ airs a country music format.

The studios and offices are at 637 Main Street in Calais.  The transmitter is on Conant Hill Road in Charlotte. Because its signal spans both the U.S. and Canada, WCRQ calls itself "The Border."  The call sign stands for Calais Radio Quoddy, with the Q representing Quoddy Head State Park, a local attraction. Under proper weather conditions, the station's signal can reach as far east as Saint John, New Brunswick, as far south as Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, as far north as Fredericton, New Brunswick, and as far west as Bangor, Maine.

WQDY-FM
WQDY-FM (92.7 FM), on air as Classic Hits 92.7 & 95.3, is an American radio station licensed to Calais, Maine. The station simulcasts on WALZ-FM (95.3) in Machias, Maine. The station carries a classic hits format that leans towards classic rock, primarily playing rock songs from the 1960s to 1980s, while avoiding pop/dance artists like Michael Jackson, Madonna, and Prince, with a heavy emphasis on local sports, including Boston Red Sox baseball. Previous to the station's owners buying WCRQ in 2003, WQDY-FM was also carried on WQDY (1230 AM).
Kulich (bread)
Kulich is the Russian name for Easter bread. For the eastern Slavs, festive bread is round and tall, and dough decorations are made on top of it. The cylindrical shape of the cake is associated with the church practice of baking artos. The Paska bread tradition spread in cultures which were connected to the Byzantine Empire and is a traditional cultural part of countries with an Orthodox Christian population. It is eaten in countries like Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, North Macedonia and Serbia. Kulich is a variant of paska Easter breads and represents not only Easter but also the spring. Easter is a very important celebration in Eastern European countries, even more important than Christmas.

Paska (bread)
Paska (Ukrainian: паска, romanized: paska, IPA: [ˈpɑskɐ]; Georgian: პასკა, romanized: paska, IPA: [ˈpʼaskʼa]; Romanian: pască; lit. 'Easter'; ultimately from Imperial Aramaic: פסחא, romanized: pasḥā, lit. 'Passover') is a traditional Ukrainian Easter bread particularly spread in Central and Eastern European countries with cultural connections to the ancient Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodoxy or Eastern Catholicism. Easter breads are a traditional element in the Easter holiday cuisines of Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. It is also eaten in countries with large immigrant populations from Central and Eastern Europe such as the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Easter bread is also a common tradition amongst the Assyrian diaspora.
Second Aulikara dynasty
The Second Aulikara dynasty (Late Brahmi script:  Au-li-ka-rā) was a royal dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of Daśapura, and at its peak under Yashodharman Vishnuvardhana controlled a vast area, consisting of almost all of Northern India (excluding the east) and parts of Deccan plateau. It was the second royal house of the Aulikara clan.

Yashodharman
Yashodharman (Gupta script:  Ya-śo-dha-rmma, IAST: Yaśodharman) was a ruler of the Malava Empire in North India, from 515 until his death in 545. He belonged to the Second Aulikara dynasty. He conquered much of the Indian subcontinent between c. 530–540 according to the Mandsaur pillar inscription.
Stamperland
Stamperland is a suburban neighbourhood in Clarkston, East Renfrewshire, Scotland. Part of the Greater Glasgow conurbation, it is situated on the west bank of the White Cart Water about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Glasgow city centre, and just outside the city boundary.

Clarkston, East Renfrewshire
Clarkston (Scots: Clairkstoun, Scottish Gaelic: Baile Chlarc) is a suburban town in East Renfrewshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. A dormitory town with a population of around 10,000, Clarkston is on the southern fringe of the Greater Glasgow conurbation and directly adjoins the neighbouring suburban villages of Busby and Netherlee, as well as the towns of Newton Mearns and Giffnock. The White Cart Water flows to the east of the town.

On 21 October 1971, the main shopping building was the scene of the Clarkston explosion, which killed 22 people and injured around 100. A plaque on the site commemorates the event. The building was rebuilt.

Greenbank Garden, a National Trust for Scotland property, is located on Flenders Road, on the outskirts of Clarkston.
William Knibb
William Knibb, OM (7 September 1803 in Kettering – 15 November 1845) was an English Baptist minister and missionary to Jamaica. He is chiefly known today for his work to free enslaved Africans.

In 1988, on the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery  in the British Empire, Knibb was posthumously awarded the Jamaican Order of Merit. He was the first white male to receive the country's highest civil honour.

Order of Merit (Jamaica)
The Order of Merit is part of the Jamaican honours system, and it is the fourth-highest honour awarded by the nation of Jamaica. The Order of Merit is conferred upon Jamaicans or distinguished citizens of other countries who have achieved distinction in the field of science, the arts, literature or any other endeavour. The award can be held by no more than 15 living persons. It is not given to more than two people in any one year.

Members and Honorary Members of the order are entitled to wear the insignia of the order as a decoration and to be styled "The Honourable". In addition, they can append the post-nominal letters OM to their names, or OM (Hon.) in the case of Honorary Members. The order's motto is "He that does the truth comes into the light."

The Order of Merit was originally one that was awarded to foreign heads of state, but this function was taken over by the Order of Excellence in 2003.
Rec. 2020
ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 2020 or BT.2020, defines various aspects of ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) with standard dynamic range (SDR) and wide color gamut (WCG), including picture resolutions, frame rates with progressive scan, bit depths, color primaries, RGB and luma-chroma color representations, chroma subsamplings, and an opto-electronic transfer function. The first version of Rec. 2020 was posted on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) website on August 23, 2012, and two further editions have been published since then.

Rec. 2020 is extended for high-dynamic-range (HDR) by Rec. 2100, which uses the same color primaries as Rec. 2020.

Chroma subsampling
Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance.

It is used in many video and still image encoding schemes – both analog and digital – including in JPEG encoding.