hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Bampfield
Thomas Bampfield  (c. 1623 – 8 October 1693) was a lawyer from Devon. A supporter of Parliament during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, he sat as MP for Exeter between 1654 and 1660. For a short period in 1659, he was Speaker of the House of Commons in the Third Protectorate Parliament.After the 1660 Stuart Restoration, he retired from active politics in 1661.

A devout Presbyterian who was converted to Sabbatarianism by his older brother Francis Bampfield, he published a number of religious works before this death in October 1693.

Francis Bampfield
Francis Bampfield (c. 1615 – 16 February 1684) was an English Nonconformist preacher, and supporter of Saturday Sabbatarianism.

Born into a family of Devon gentry, he began as a conservative supporter of the Church of England, but gradually became more radical. He was expelled from the church following the 1662 Act of Uniformity, and became a Nonconformist; he spent nine years in prison, where he preached, and established congregations of Seventh Day Baptists.

After his release in 1672, he spent another 18 months in jail for preaching without an alliance, and moved to London in 1674, where he continued his activities. Arrested again in 1683, he refused on principle to swear the Oath of allegiance, and was sent to Newgate Prison, where he died of fever on 16 February 1684.
Wireless USB
Wireless USB is a short-range, high-bandwidth wireless radio communication protocol version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) created by the Wireless USB Promoter Group. It is unrelated to Wi-Fi and Cypress Wireless USB. It was maintained by the WiMedia Alliance which ceased operations in 2009.

Wireless USB is based on the WiMedia Alliance's Ultra-WideBand (UWB) common radio platform, which is capable of sending 480 Mbit/s at distances up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) and 110 Mbit/s at distances up to 10 metres (33 ft). It is designed to operate in the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency range, although local regulatory policies may restrict the legal operating range in some countries.

The standard is now obsolete, and no new hardware has been produced for many years, although it has been adopted by Android for precise signaling.

Support for the standard was deprecated in Linux 5.4 and removed in Linux 5.7.

Ultra-wideband
Ultra-wideband (UWB, ultra wideband, ultra-wide band and ultraband) is a radio technology that can use a very low energy level for short-range, high-bandwidth communications over a large portion of the radio spectrum. UWB has traditional applications in non-cooperative radar imaging. Most recent applications target sensor data collection, precise locating, and tracking. UWB support started to appear in high-end smartphones in 2019. For a detailed list of Ultra-wideband supported mobile devices, see List of UWB-enabled mobile devices.
Geraldine Kennedy
Geraldine Kennedy (born 1 September 1951) is an Irish journalist and politician who served as the first female editor of The Irish Times newspaper. She previously served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency from 1987 to 1989.

In 1982, Kennedy's telephone, along with those of two other journalists, was tapped by the Minister for Justice, Seán Doherty. The revelation in 1992 that Charles Haughey had ordered the phone taps led to Haughey's resignation as Taoiseach.

Irish phone tapping scandal
On 18 December 1982, Irish Times security correspondent Peter Murtagh broke the news that the telephone of Bruce Arnold and Geraldine Kennedy had been tapped officially with warrants signed by former Minister for Justice Seán Doherty. This was revealed after the November 1982 elections which the outgoing government had lost.

Incoming Minister for Justice Michael Noonan ordered an investigation and on 20 January 1983 announced findings that the previous Fianna Fáil government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while Minister for Justice. Normally phone tapping was used to investigate serious crime or threats to the security of the state but the reverse happened in this case, Minister Noonan announced.
Candelariaceae
Candelariaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Candelariales.  It contains seven genera and about 73 species of lichens that are typically characterised by their bright yellow colour. These lichens have diverse growth forms, including crusty, scaly, and small leaf-like structures, and are found worldwide, particularly in arid and mountainous regions of both hemispheres. The family includes well-known genera such as Candelaria, Candelariella, and Placomaronea, with their classification continuing to evolve based on molecular studies. Recent phylogenies find Candelina and Placomaronea to be well supported, but many relationships among Candelaria and Candelariella lineages remain unresolved.

Placomaronea
Placomaronea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Candelariaceae. These lichens are primarily found in the high mountains of South America, particularly in the Andes, where they grow on rocks and soil in harsh, exposed conditions. Most species form bright yellow, circular patches that can range from flat crusts to more complex, three-dimensional structures. The genus is distinguished from similar yellow lichens by its distinctive cellular structure, which includes specialised pigment-containing caps on the surface cells. Recent studies have added two new species from Peru, bringing the total number of known species to eight.
Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Mayer Rothschild (16 September 1777 – 28 July 1836), also known as Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was a British-German banker, businessman and financier. Born in Frankfurt am Main, he was the third of the five sons of Mayer Amschel Rothschild and his wife,  Guttle (née Schnapper). He was the founder of the British branch of the prominent Rothschild family.

Lionel de Rothschild
Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (22 November 1808 – 3 June 1879) was a British Jewish banker, politician and philanthropist who was a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of England. He became the first practising Jew to sit as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

He co-founded the British Relief Association, the largest private provider of relief during the Great Irish and Highland Potato famines raising over £500,000.
Dalsfjorden (Sunnmøre)
Dalsfjorden is a fjord in Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 17-kilometre (11 mi) long fjord flows north into the Voldsfjorden. There are several small villages along the shores of the fjord, the largest of which are Dravlaus on the western shore, Steinsvika at the southern end of the fjord, and Dalsbygda on the eastern shore. County Road 40 runs around the shoreline of the whole fjord.

The fjord averages about 1 to 2 kilometres (0.62 to 1.24 mi) wide and it reaches a depth of 209 metres (686 ft) below sea level. The fjord is surrounded by high mountains and the sides of the inner part of the fjord rise steeply up to 600 to 800 metres (2,000 to 2,600 ft) above sea level.

The old Dalsfjord Municipality (which existed from 1924-1964) encompassed the area surrounding this fjord. Dalsfjord Church sits on the shore of the fjord in the village of Dravlaus, just south of the mouth of the fjord.

Dravlaus
Dravlaus is a village in Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located along the Dalsfjorden, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Lauvstad. The Dravlausdalen valley runs west from Dravlaus, along the Dravlauselva river. Dalsfjord Church is located in Dravlaus, along the shore of the fjord.

The Dalsfjord Lighthouse Museum is located in Dravlaus.

The village was the administrative centre of the old Dalsfjord Municipality which existed from 1924 until 1964.
Diocese of Wheeling–Charleston
The Diocese of Wheeling–Charleston (Latin: Dioecesis Vhelingensis–Carolopolitanus) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church comprising West Virginia in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore.

The current bishop of the Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston is Mark E. Brennan. The diocese maintains two cathedrals: the Cathedral of Saint Joseph in Wheeling and the Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Charleston.

Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart
The Basilica of the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart is a cathedral church and a minor basilica located in Charleston, West Virginia, United States.   Along with the Cathedral of St. Joseph in Wheeling it is the seat of the Catholic Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston.  The parish complex is a contributing property in the Downtown Charleston Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.
24-cell honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 24-cell honeycomb, or icositetrachoric honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) of 4-dimensional Euclidean space by regular 24-cells. It can be represented by Schläfli symbol {3,4,3,3}.

The dual tessellation by regular 16-cell honeycomb has Schläfli symbol {3,3,4,3}. Together with the tesseractic honeycomb (or 4-cubic honeycomb) these are the only regular tessellations of Euclidean 4-space.

5-cell honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 4-simplex honeycomb, 5-cell honeycomb or pentachoric-dispentachoric honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation honeycomb. It is composed of 5-cells and rectified 5-cells facets in a ratio of 1:1.
Crooner
A crooner is a singer who performs with a smooth, intimate style that originated in the 1920s. The crooning style was made possible by improved microphones that picked up quieter sounds and a wider range of frequencies than before, allowing the singer to access a greater dynamic range and exploit the proximity effect. This suggestion of intimacy was supposedly wildly attractive to women, especially a youth subculture known at the time as "bobby soxers". The crooning style developed among singers who performed with big bands and reached its height in the 1940s to late 1960s.

Crooning is epitomized by vocalists of the era such as Al Bowlly, Bing Crosby, Rudy Vallee and Frank Sinatra, although Sinatra did not consider himself or Crosby to be "crooners". Other performers, such as Russ Columbo, also rejected the term.

Rudy Vallée
Hubert Prior Vallée (July 28, 1901 – July 3, 1986), known professionally as Rudy Vallée, was an American singer, musician, actor, and radio host. He was one of the first modern pop stars of the teen idol type.
Jan Davidsz. de Heem
Jan Davidsz. de Heem or in-full Jan Davidszoon de Heem, also called Johannes de Heem or Johannes van Antwerpen or Jan Davidsz de Hem (c. 17 April 1606 in Utrecht – before 26 April 1684 in Antwerp), was a still life painter who was active in Utrecht and Antwerp. He is a major representative of that genre in both Dutch and Flemish Baroque painting.

Jan Janszoon de Heem
Jan Janszoon de Heem (bapt. 2 July 1650, Antwerp – after 1695) was a Dutch Golden Age still-life painter and the son of Jan Davidszoon de Heem (1606–1684) and the half-brother of Cornelis de Heem (1631–1995). This family of still-life specialists, of which father Jan Davidszoon de Heem is the most significant, had a strong impact on the genre throughout the north and south Netherlands.

Jan was baptised in Antwerp on 2 July 1650, but was trained by his father in Utrecht. His works, in fact, are nearly indistinguishable from his father's, and the fact that they both signed them as J de Heem have meant that many paintings in major collections attributed to Jan Davidszoon are actually by Jan Janszoon.
Peter Weddick Moore
Peter Weddick Moore (June 24, 1859 – April 15, 1934) was a North Carolina educator and the first president of Elizabeth City State University. Educated by Sampson County public schools and Shaw University, Moore later became an assistant principal at the Normal School at Plymouth, until he built and became principal of what is now known as the Elizabeth City State University. Moore fought strongly against the segregation of education and society as well as for equality among whites and blacks. Throughout his life, Moore contributed greatly to the achievements of the North Carolina Teachers' Association and held every role within the organization.

Elizabeth City State University
Elizabeth City State University (ECSU) is a public historically Black university in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. It enrolls nearly 2,500 students in 28 undergraduate programs and 4 graduate programs and is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and the University of North Carolina system.
Suffolk Militia
The Suffolk Militia was an auxiliary military force in the county of Suffolk on the East Coast of England. From their formal organisation as Trained bands in 1558 until their final service as the Special Reserve, the Militia regiments of the county served in home defence in all of Britain's major wars, seeing action in the Second Dutch War, serving in Ireland and the Channel Islands, and training thousands of reinforcements during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence they were formally disbanded in 1953.

East Suffolk Militia
The East Suffolk Militia was an auxiliary military unit in the English county of Suffolk in East Anglia. First organised as one of two regiments in the county during the Seven Years' War it served on internal security and home defence duties in all of Britain's major wars. It was converted to artillery in 1853 and continued in that role until its disbandment in 1909.
Patricia E. Kelly
Patricia E. Kelly (born c. 1950) is an African-American urban cowgirl, and founder and CEO of the non-profit organization Ebony Horsewomen, Inc., in Hartford, Connecticut. She is a trained equestrian instructor, certified as a Master Urban Riding and Equine Husbandry instructor as well as an Equine Assisted Growth specialist.
Kelly, considered an equestrian trailblazer, has been recognized as one of CNN’s Top 10 Heroes of 2014 and as one of Aetna’s Champions for Change.

Ebony Horsewomen, Inc. Equestrian and Therapeutic Center
Ebony Horsewomen, Inc. Equestrian and Therapeutic Center is an equine therapeutic mental health center in Hartford, Connecticut. Founded in 1984, Ebony Horsewomen, Inc. is the only African-American organization in the country doing intensive equine-assisted psychotherapeutic work with adults, families, military veterans, and children. Ebony Horsewoman, Inc. hosts comprehensive and interactive equine therapeutic training workshops for mental health professionals as well as equine youth programs such as the Junior Mounted Patrol Unit, through which mounted community ambassadors help patrol Hartford's historic Keney Park, and the Saturday Saddle Club, in partnership with the University of Connecticut 4-H Club.
Sphingosine N-acyltransferase
In enzymology, sphingosine N-acyltransferases (ceramide synthases (CerS), EC 2.3.1.24) are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reaction of synthesis of ceramide:

acyl-CoA + sphingosine  CoA + N-acylsphingosine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sphingosine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acylsphingosine.

Ceramide synthases are integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include ceramide synthetase, and sphingosine acyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in sphingolipid metabolism.

Ceramide
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules. A ceramide is composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid joined by an amide bond.  Ceramides are found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, since they are component lipids that make up sphingomyelin, one of the major lipids in the lipid bilayer.  Contrary to previous assumptions that ceramides and other sphingolipids found in cell membrane were purely supporting structural elements, ceramide can participate in a variety of cellular signaling: examples include regulating differentiation, proliferation, and programmed cell death (PCD) of cells.

The word ceramide comes from the Latin cera (wax) and amide. Ceramide is a component of vernix caseosa, the waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of newborn human infants.
Bones (studio)
Bones Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社ボンズ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Bonzu) is a Japanese animation studio, with headquarters located in Igusa, Suginami, Tokyo. It has produced numerous series, including RahXephon, No. 6, Wolf's Rain, Scrapped Princess, Eureka Seven, Angelic Layer, Darker than Black, Soul Eater, Ouran High School Host Club, both the 2003 and 2009 adaptations of Fullmetal Alchemist, Star Driver, Gosick, Mob Psycho 100, Space Dandy, Noragami, Bungo Stray Dogs, Gachiakuta, and My Hero Academia.

Scrapped Princess
Scrapped Princess (Japanese: スクラップド・プリンセス, Hepburn: Sukurappudo Purinsesu) is a Japanese light novel series by Ichiro Sakaki and illustrated by Yukinobu Azumi, also known as the popular adult dōjin artist Nakayohi Mogudan. In 2003, it was adapted into an anime series produced by Bones.

Scrapped Princess is notable for its music, which is composed by Masumi Itō, and its themes. It begins as high fantasy and then quickly mixes into varying degrees of post-apocalyptic and science fiction elements through the application of Clarke's third law. The atmosphere has undertones of sadness, though many of the characters and situations are superficially light-hearted.
Sardasht, West Azerbaijan
Sardasht (Persian: سردشت) is a city in the Central District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Sardasht, far from the frontline, was notably attacked with chemical weapons by Iraqi forces under Saddam Hussein during the Iran–Iraq War. It was the first deliberate chemical attack against civilians.

Chemical bombing of Sardasht
On 28 June 1987, Iraq dropped mustard gas bombs on Sardasht, West Azerbaijan, Iran. In two separate bombing runs on four residential areas, the attack killed 130 people and injured 8,000. The gas attacks occurred during the Iran–Iraq War when Iraq frequently used chemical weapons against Iranian civilians and soldiers.

In 2006, a quarter of the town's 20,000 residents were still experiencing severe illnesses from the attacks. The film Walnut Tree (2020) was inspired by the event.
Rothko Pavilion
The Rothko Pavilion is a 2,200 m2 (24,000 sq ft) glass pavilion in Portland, Oregon, connecting the Portland Art Museum's main building to the neighboring Mark Building.

The building is named after Mark Rothko and is part of a partnership with Rothko’s children, Christopher Rothko and Kate Rothko Prizel, who promised to provide loans of major Rothko paintings from their private collection over the course of two decades.

Portland Art Museum
The Portland Art Museum (PAM) is an art museum  in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. The Portland Art Museum has 240,000 square feet (22,000 m2), with more than 112,000 square feet (10,400 m2) of gallery space.  The museum’s permanent collection has over 42,000 works of art. PAM features a center for Native American art, a center for Northwest art, a center for modern and contemporary art, permanent exhibitions of Asian art, and an outdoor public sculpture garden. The Northwest Film Center is also a component of Portland Art Museum.

The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, with accreditation through 2024.
LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.

LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers
The LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers (also known as the Fighting Tigers) are the athletic teams representing Louisiana State University (LSU), a state university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. LSU competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Someshvara (13th-century poet)
Someshvara (IAST: Someśvara) was a 13th-century hereditary priest and Sanskrit poet in the Chaulukya and Vaghela courts of present-day Gujarat, India. He was a close friend of the minister Vastupala, and there are several legendary prabandha anecdotes about the two men.

Vaghela dynasty
The Vaghela dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Gujarat in India in the 13th century CE, with their capital at Dholka. They were the last Hindu dynasty to rule Gujarat before the Muslim conquest of the region.

Early members of the Vaghela family served the Chaulukya dynasty in the 12th century CE, and claimed to be a branch of that dynasty. In the 13th century, during the reign of the weak Chaulukya king Bhima II, the Vaghela general Lavanaprasada and his son Viradhavala gained a large amount of power in the kingdom, although they continued to nominally acknowledge Chaulukya suzerainty. In the mid-1240s, Viradhavala's son Visaladeva usurped the throne, and his successors ruled Gujarat until Karna Vaghela was defeated by Nusrat Khan of the Delhi Sultanate in 1304 CE, and lost Gujarat.
République station
République (French pronunciation: [ʁepyblik] ⓘ) is a station on lines 3, 5, 8, 9 and 11 of the Paris Métro. It is located under the Place de la République, at the tripoint border of the 3rd, 10th and 11th arrondissements. It is an important interchange station; its 16.6 million users (2019) make it the seventh busiest out of 302 on the Métro network.

Paris Métro Line 5
Paris Métro Line 5 is one of the sixteen currently opened lines of the Paris Métro in Paris, France.  It crosses the east of Paris on a north-south axis, from Bobigny–Pablo Picasso to Place d'Italie. It is the eighth-busiest line on the network.
Meckel's cartilage
In humans, the cartilaginous bar of the mandibular arch is formed by what are known as Meckel's cartilages (right and left; also known as Meckelian cartilages), above which the incus and malleus are located. Meckel's cartilage arises from the first pharyngeal arch.

The dorsal end of each cartilage is connected with the ear-capsule and is ossified to form the malleus; the ventral ends meet each other in the region of the mandibular symphysis, and are usually regarded as undergoing ossification to form that portion of the mandible which contains the incisor teeth.

The intervening part of the cartilage disappears; the portion immediately adjacent to the malleus is replaced by fibrous membrane, which constitutes the sphenomandibular ligament, while from the connective tissue covering the remainder of the cartilage the greater part of the mandible is ossified.

Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Younger discovered this cartilage in 1820.

Pharyngeal arch
The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral arches, are transient structures seen in the embryonic development of humans and other vertebrates, that are recognisable precursors for many structures. In fish, the arches support the gills and are known as the branchial arches, or gill arches.

In the human embryo, the arches are first seen during the fourth week of development. They appear as a series of outpouchings of mesoderm on both sides of the developing pharynx. The vasculature of the pharyngeal arches are the aortic arches that arise from the aortic sac.