hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Milton Feng
Milton Feng co-created the first transistor laser, working with Nick Holonyak in 2004. The paper discussing their work was voted in 2006 as one of the five most important papers published by the American Institute of Physics since its founding 75 years ago. In addition to the invention of transistor laser, he is also well known for inventions of other "major breakthrough" devices, including the world's fastest transistor and light-emitting transistor (LET). As of May, 2009 he is a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and holds the Nick Holonyak Jr. Endowed Chair Professorship.

Feng was born and raised in Taiwan.

Nick Holonyak
Nick Holonyak Jr. (November 3, 1928 – September 18, 2022) was an American electronics engineer. He is noted particularly for his 1962 invention and first demonstration of a semiconductor laser diode that emitted visible light. This device was the forerunner of the first generation of commercial light-emitting diodes (LEDs). He was then working at a General Electric research laboratory near Syracuse, New York. He left General Electric in 1963 and returned to his alma mater, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where he later became John Bardeen Endowed Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics.
Ukrainian First League U-19 Championship
The Professional Football League of Ukraine Under-19 (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнські змагання з футболу серед команд юніорів (U–19), romanized: Vseukrainski zmahannia z futbolu sered komand yunioriv) is alternative under-19 competitions for Ukrainian football junior teams. Created in 2016, it was intended to be a second-tier competition with possibly promotion and relegation, with the similar Ukrainian Premier League competition.

At the start, the competition was administered jointly by the Professional Football League of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Youth Football League. Following the 2022 full-scale invasion of Russia, the competitions were phased away and administered by the Ukrainian Youth Football League only. Also, since 2022, the Ukrainian Premier League clubs have started to field their second under-19 teams in this competition.

Ukrainian Youth Football League
The Ukrainian National Youth Competition (Ukrainian: Дитячо-юнацька футбольна ліга України, (ДЮФЛУ), romanized: Dytiacho-yunatska futbolna liha Ukrainy, (DIuFLU)) is a Ukrainian organization of the Ukrainian Association of Football that conducts association football competitions among youth teams in four (4) age categories (under-14, U-15, U-16, and U-17) and originally consisted of two tiers the Supreme and the First Leagues. The Supreme Leagues consists out of four regional groups and the First have eight. In 2020 there was introduced the Elite League (top tier). The competition's oldest age group has the teenagers who are no older than 17 years old and the youngest - the teenagers no older than 14.

Along with the Professional Football League of Ukraine starting in 2016 the Youth League is also co-organizer of separate Under-19 competitions.
Kalu Pande
Vamshidhar Pande (Nepali: वंशीधर पाँडे) known by Alias Kalu Pande (Nepali: कालु पाँडे) was a Nepali politician and  general who was appointed as Kaji of the Gorkha Kingdom. He was born in 1713 A.D. in a Gorkha family. He was the commander of the Gorkhali forces during the Unification Campaign of Nepal who died in the first Battle of Kirtipur in 1757 A.D. Pande's real name was Banshidhar Pande. He was a son of Kaji Bhimraj Pande who was minister during reign of King Prithivipati Shah of Gorkha. He was descendant of Minister of Gorkha and Dravya Shah's accomplice Ganesh Pande. He had three sons: Dewan Kajisaheb Vamsharaj Pande, Sardar Ranasur Pande and Mulkaji Sahib Damodar Pande (1st PM of Nepal).

Unification of Nepal
The unification of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको एकीकरण, romanized: Nēpālakō ēkīkaraṇa) was the process of building the modern Nepalese state, by invading fractured Malla kingdoms including the Baise Rajya's 22 kingdoms and the Chaubisi Rajya's 24 kingdoms. It began in 1743 CE (1799 BS), by Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha. On 25 September 1768, he officially announced the creation of the Kingdom of Nepal and moved his capital from Gorkha to a city in Kathmandu Valley.

The Shah dynasty that Prithvi Narayan Shah founded would go on to absorb the various warring Malla kingdoms that once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state that stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east. Before the Gorkha Empire, the Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region's name in Newar language.
Rex Nelon
Rex Lloyd Nelon (January 19, 1932 – January 24, 2000) was an American southern gospel musician, with a career spanning over 40 years of both singing and publishing gospel music. He was a longstanding member of The LeFevres, which later became The Nelons after his family took over management. Nelon was also a featured singer in the Gaither Homecoming series.

The Nelons
The Nelons, formerly the Rex Nelon Singers, were an American southern gospel group based in Atlanta, Georgia. Members included Kelly Nelon Clark, her husband Jason Clark, and Kelly's daughters Amber Nelon Kistler and Autumn Nelon Streetman.  The Nelons were inducted into the Gospel Music Association (GMA) Hall of Fame in 2016.

Three members of the quartet, Kelly Nelon Clark, Jason Clark and Amber Nelon Kistler, were killed in an airplane crash in a remote part of Campbell County, Wyoming, just north of Gillette in July 2024. The surviving member, Autumn Nelon Streetman, was not on board.
Pavlovsk Experimental Station
59°42′51″N 30°25′25″E﻿ / ﻿59.7143°N 30.4236°E﻿ / 59.7143; 30.4236

Pavlovsk Experimental Station (Russian: Павловская опытная станция) is an agricultural experiment station and gene bank that is part of the Institute of Plant Industry and situated in Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg, Russia.

Institute of Plant Industry
The Institute of Plant Industry, Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry or N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) (in Russian: Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)), as it is officially called since 2015, is a research institute of plant genetics and seed bank, located in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Monarchy of Lesotho
The monarchy of Lesotho is the form of government used by Lesotho (also known as Basutoland until 1966) by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the Constitution. The monarch is styled as Marena; in Sotho language, Marena is the plural of the common noun Kings, where Morena is the singular for King.

The monarch since 7 February 1996 is King Letsie III, who ascended the throne on the death of King Moshoeshoe II, his father. It is the second reign of Letsie III; his first reign lasted from 12 November 1990 to 25 January 1995.

Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho
Moshoeshoe II (2 May 1938 – 15 January 1996), previously known as Constantine Bereng Seeiso, was the Paramount Chief of Basutoland, succeeding paramount chief Seeiso from 1960 until the country gained full independence from Britain in 1966. He was King of Lesotho from 1966 until his exile in 1990, and from 1995 until his death in 1996.
Theft
Theft (from Old English  þeofð, cognate to thief) is the act of taking another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word theft is also used as a synonym or informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as larceny, robbery, embezzlement, extortion, blackmail, or receiving stolen property. In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny, while in others, theft is defined more narrowly. A person who engages in theft is known as a thief (pl. thieves).

Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria.

Larceny
Larceny is a crime involving the unlawful taking or theft of the personal property of another person or business. It was an offence under the common law of England and became an offence in jurisdictions which incorporated the common law of England into their own law (also statutory law), where in many cases it remains in force.

The crime of larceny has been abolished in England, Wales, Ireland, and Northern Ireland, broken up into the specific crimes of burglary, robbery, fraud, theft, and related crimes. However, larceny remains an offence in parts of the United States, Jersey, and in New South Wales, Australia, involving the taking (caption) and carrying away (asportation) of personal property without the owner's consent and without intending to return it.
Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland
Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland (formerly Perrot, née Devereux; 1565 – 3 August 1619) was the younger daughter of Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex by Lettice Knollys, and the wife of Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland. Lady Dorothy Percy (née Devereux; c. 1564–1619) was an English noblewoman and Countess of Northumberland, known as the wife of the 9th Earl, Henry Percy. Daughter of Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, she navigated high-stakes Elizabethan politics, managed estate affairs during her husband's long imprisonment for the Gunpowder Plot, and was a prominent, loyal, yet strong-willed figure. Lady Dorothy is often remembered for her sharp intellect and resilience, managing to navigate the dangerous political landscape of the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean eras while securing her children's futures. Her portrait and the history of her family, including her famous brother's downfall, highlight the precarious nature of noble life at that time.

Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex
Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex (16 September 1539 – 22 September 1576), was an English nobleman and general. From 1573 until his death he fought in Ireland in connection with the Plantations of Ireland, most notably the Rathlin Island massacre. He was the father of Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex, who was Elizabeth I's favourite during her later years.
UD Villa de Santa Brígida B
Unión Deportiva Villa de Santa Brígida B was a football team based in Santa Brígida in the autonomous community of Canary Islands.

Founded in 2004 and retired in 2009, the team played the 2008–09 season in the 3ª - Group 12. Its stadium is El Guiniguada with a capacity of 800 seats. It was the reserve team of UD Villa de Santa Brígida.

UD Villa de Santa Brígida
Unión Deportiva Villa de Santa Brígida is a Spanish football team based in Santa Brígida, Las Palmas, in the autonomous community of Canary Islands. Founded in 2004, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 12, holding home matches at Estadio de los Olivos, with a capacity of 600 seats.
Saw
A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge used to cut through material. Various terms are used to describe toothed and abrasive saws.

Saws began as serrated materials, and when mankind learned how to use iron, it became the preferred material for saw blades of all kinds. There are numerous types of hand saws and mechanical saws, and different types of blades and cuts.

Chainsaw
A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable handheld power saw that cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain driven along a guide bar.

Modern chainsaws are typically gasoline or electric and are used in activities such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression, harvesting of firewood, for use in chainsaw art and chainsaw mills, for cutting concrete, and cutting ice. Precursors to modern chainsaws were first used in surgery, with patents for wood chainsaws beginning in the late 19th century.

A chainsaw comprises an engine, a drive mechanism, a guide bar, a cutting chain, a tensioning mechanism, and safety features. Various safety practices and working techniques are used with chainsaws.
Our Lady of Tepeyac High School
Our Lady of Tepeyac High School, previously known as St. Casimir High School, is a private, American all-girls school. The school is located in the Little Village neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois and operates within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago. The Roman Catholic school is accredited by the Illinois State Board of Education and the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

South Lawndale, Chicago
South Lawndale is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, located on the West Side of Chicago. Over 80% of the residents are of Mexican descent and the community is home to the largest foreign-born Mexican population in Chicago. The community is home to two distinct neighborhoods, Little Village and Marshall Square.
Wall box
Wall boxes are a type of post box or letter box found in many countries including France, the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Nations, Crown dependencies and Ireland. They differ from pillar boxes in that, instead of being a free-standing structure, they are generally set into a wall (hence the name) or supported on a free-standing pole, girder or other stable structure.

In the UK, UK Dependent Territories, Colonies and former Colonies and in many former British Empire countries, wall boxes usually bear the initials of the reigning monarch at the time the box was made. The first UK wall boxes were erected in 1857 in Shrewsbury and Market Drayton.

Post box
A post box (British English; also written postbox; also known as pillar box), also known as a collection box, mailbox, letter box or drop box (American English), is a physical box into which members of the public can deposit outgoing mail intended for collection by the agents of a country's postal service. The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.
Marcus Schmuck
Marcus Schmuck (18 April 1925 – 21 August 2005) was an Austrian mountaineer. In 1957, together with Hermann Buhl he organized the expedition, firstly envisaged and initiated by Buhl, to climb the world's 12th highest peak, the Broad Peak (8,047 metres) in the Karakoram in Pakistan. The other members of the expedition were: Fritz Wintersteller  and Kurt Diemberger. In his later years, he successfully organized and led 74 expeditions to the high mountains around the world.

Hermann Buhl
Hermann Buhl (21 September 1924 – 27 June 1957) was an Austrian mountaineer.  His accomplishments include the first ascents of Nanga Parbat in 1953 and Broad Peak in 1957. He is one of the pioneers of the alpine style. Buhl was the father of Austrian-German writer, publisher, and freelance journalist, Kriemhild "Krimi" Buhl.
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4Cl, also written as [NH4]Cl. It is an ammonium salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and chloride anions Cl−. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. In its naturally occurring mineralogic form, it is known as salammoniac. The mineral is commonly formed on burning coal dumps from condensation of coal-derived gases. It is also found around some types of volcanic vents. It is mainly used as fertilizer and a flavouring agent in some types of liquorice. It is a product of the reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

Salammoniac
Salammoniac, also sal ammoniac or salmiac, is a rare naturally occurring mineral composed of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl. It forms colorless, white, or yellow-brown crystals in the isometric-hexoctahedral class. It has very poor cleavage and is brittle to conchoidal fracture. It is quite soft, with a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2, and it has a low specific gravity of 1.5. It is water-soluble. Salammoniac is also the archaic name for the chemical compound ammonium chloride.
Aimpoint CompM4
The Aimpoint CompM4 is a non-magnified red dot style gun sight adopted by the U.S. Armed Forces, designated the M68 CCO (Close Combat Optic). It is produced by the Swedish company Aimpoint and is the successor to the earlier M68CCO, the Aimpoint CompM2.

Red dot sight
A red dot sight is a common classification for a non-magnifying reflector (or reflex) sight that provides  an illuminated red dot to the user as a point of aim. A standard design uses a red light-emitting diode (LED) at the focus of collimating optics, which generates a dot-style illuminated reticle that stays in alignment with the firearm the sight is attached to, regardless of eye position (nearly parallax free).

Red dot sights are considered to be fast-acquisition and easy-to-use gun sights for firearms used in civilian target shooting, hunting, or in police and military applications. They are also used on cameras and telescopes. On cameras, they are used to photograph flying aircraft, birds in flight, and other distant, rapidly moving subjects. Telescopes have a narrow field of view and therefore are often equipped with a secondary "finder scope" such as a red dot sight to orient them.
California State Route 147
State Route 147 (SR 147) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. The route runs along the eastern side of Lake Almanor.  It serves as a bypass to connect State Route 89 and State Route 36 on the eastern side of the lake, whereas the two highways already meet on the western side in Chester.

California State Route 36
State Route 36 (SR 36) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that is routed from U.S. Route 101 in Humboldt County to U.S. Route 395 just east of Susanville in Lassen County. The highway passes through Red Bluff, the county seat of Tehama County, on the northern edge of the Sacramento Valley. The portion of SR 36 travelling past Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lake Almanor is part of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway.  Also, Route 36 between Alton and Susanville is a designated Blue Star Memorial Highway.
Mitchell Burgess
Mitchell Burgess is an American writer and producer. He was a writer and an executive producer on The Sopranos. He was a creator and executive producer for Blue Bloods. He frequently works with his wife Robin Green.

Robin Green
Robin Green (born July 31, 1945) is an American writer and producer. She was a writer and executive producer on the HBO series The Sopranos and was the co-creator and executive producer of the CBS series Blue Bloods. In the 1970s, Green was a writer for Rolling Stone.
HMS Hope (1910)
HMS Hope was the first warship constructed by Swan Hunter and one of 20 Acorn class (later H-class) destroyers built for the Royal Navy that served in the First World War. The Acorn class were smaller than the preceding Beagle class but oil-fired and better armed. Launched in 1910, Hope served with the Second Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet as an escort based at Devonport for most of the war, protecting ships like RMS Aquitania, until being transferred to Malta to serve with the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1917. Hope collided with and sank the destroyer HMS Arno in 1918. After the Armistice, the destroyer continued to serve in Malta under being sold in 1920.

HMS Arno
HMS Arno was a unique destroyer of the Royal Navy that saw service and was lost during First World War. She was under construction in Genoa, Italy for the friendly Portuguese Navy as Liz in 1914 when she was bought by the Royal Navy for service in the Mediterranean.

She had two funnels and masts and four QF 12-pounder guns, shipped sided on the forecastle, behind the second funnel and on the quarterdeck. Although much smaller and slower than her British contemporaries, she was soundly built and had a high freeboard and tall bridge, making her a useful vessel. She was lost off the Dardanelles after a collision with the Acorn-/H-class destroyer Hope on 23 March 1918.
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Broadcast
The Gerald Loeb Award is given annually for multiple categories of business reporting. The "Broadcast Enterprise" category was awarded in 2012 for a radio story that aired on National Public Radio, and the "Broadcast" category was awarded in 2013 for a television news story that aired on WFAA-TV. "Broadcast" was replaced by "Video/Audio" in 2014.

Gerald Loeb Award
The Gerald Loeb Awards, also referred to as the Gerald Loeb Awards for Distinguished Business and Financial Journalism, is a recognition of excellence in journalism, especially in the fields of business, finance and the economy.  The award was established in 1957 by Gerald Loeb, a founding partner of E.F. Hutton & Co.  Loeb's intention in creating the award was to encourage reporters to inform and protect private investors as well as the general public in the areas of business, finance and the economy.
Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
Volodymyr Vasyliovych Shcherbytsky (17 February 1918 – 16 February 1990) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician who served as First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party from 1972 to 1989. A close ally of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, Shcherbytsky replaced the reformist leader, Petro Shelest, in 1972 as part of a crackdown on the Ukrainian intelligentsia. Under Shcherbytsky's neo-Stalinist rule, Ukraine was subjected to an intensive Russification campaign as well as a rapid shift to nuclear power, which ultimately resulted in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. In 1989, Shcherbytsky was removed amidst widespread protests against his rule, and died months later.

Petro Shelest
Petro Yukhymovych Shelest (14 February [O.S. 1 February] 1908 – 22 January 1996) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician who served as First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party from 1965 until his removal in 1972. Ideologically a social moderate and a national communist, he oversaw a widespread liberalisation of Ukrainian society as part of the Khrushchev Thaw and Sixtier movement that led to increased visibility of the Ukrainian language and culture in public life. In 1972, Shelest was removed by Leonid Brezhnev and replaced with Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, who undid much of Shelest's reforms and oversaw intensive Russification of Ukrainian society.
Samuel J. Tilden House
The Samuel J. Tilden House is a historic townhouse pair at 14-15 Gramercy Park South in Manhattan, New York City.  Built in 1845, it was the home of Samuel J. Tilden (1814–1886), former governor of New York, a fierce opponent of the Tweed Ring and Tammany Hall, and the losing presidential candidate in the disputed 1876 election. Tilden lived in the brownstone from 1860 until his death in 1886. From 1881 to 1884, Calvert Vaux combined it with the row house next door, also built in 1845, to make the building that now stands, which has been described as "the height of Victorian Gothic in residential architecture" with Italian Renaissance style elements. Since 1906 it has been the headquarters of the National Arts Club, a private arts club.

National Arts Club
The National Arts Club is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and members club on Gramercy Park, Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in 1898 by Charles DeKay, an art and literary critic of the New York Times, to "stimulate, foster, and promote public interest in the arts and to educate people in the fine arts." The National Arts Club has several art galleries, and hosts a variety of public programs in all artistic areas including theater, dance, fashion, literature and music, and more. Although the club is private, all of its programming and exhibitions are free and open to the public.