hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Hilbert
David Hilbert  (/ˈhɪlbərt/; German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.

Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas including invariant theory, the calculus of variations, commutative algebra, algebraic number theory, the foundations of geometry, spectral theory of operators and its application to integral equations, mathematical physics, and the foundations of mathematics (particularly proof theory). He adopted and defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. In 1900, he presented a collection of problems that set a course for mathematical research of the 20th century.

Hilbert and his students contributed to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. He was a co-founder of proof theory and mathematical logic.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
La familia Cebolleta
La familia Cebolleta (The Scalion Family) is a Spanish comic series created by Manuel Vázquez in 1951 for the DDT magazine. It was one of the three most famous series of his author, along with Las hermanas Gilda (1949) and Anacleto, agente secreto (1965), appearing in numerous magazines of Bruguera publishing house.

Ediciones B
Ediciones B is a Spanish publisher, which currently operates as a division of Penguin Random House. Ediciones B is headquartered in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain; with branches throughout Latin America. It was established in 1986, but has its origins in El Gato Negro (1910) and Editorial Bruguera (1940).
Kings Highway Bridge
Kings Highway Bridge was located on the Nansemond River in the independent city of Suffolk, Virginia, United States. Built in 1928, it carried traffic on the Kings Highway, also known as State Route 125, for over 75 years.

The drawbridge was deemed unsafe and closed to traffic in March 2005 by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). In March 2007, VDOT announced that the bridge would be demolished and removed, with no plans for replacement, and demolition began in June. In 2008, several boats struck debris from the old bridge.

About 3,300 motorists a day used the bridge that connected Chuckatuck and Driver. Now, they face detours of as much as 19 miles. The cost of a new bridge for the King's Highway crossing was estimated at $48 million in 2006, far more than could be recovered through collection of tolls at that location.

Virginia State Route 125
State Route 125 (SR 125) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as Kings Highway, the state highway has two sections that run a total of 5.73 miles (9.22 km) from SR 10 and SR 32 at Chuckatuck east to SR 337 at Driver within the independent city of Suffolk.  SR 125 consists of a 2.69-mile (4.33 km) western section and a 3.04-mile (4.89 km) eastern section separated by a gap at the Nansemond River.  This gap arose when the Kings Highway Bridge across the river was removed in 2008.
Ctenosaura
Ctenosaura is a lizard genus commonly known as spinytail iguanas or ctenosaurs. The genus is part of the large lizard family Iguanidae and is native to Mexico and Central America. The name is derived from two Greek words: κτενός (ctenos), meaning "comb" (referring to the comblike spines on the lizard's back and tail), and σαύρα (saura), meaning "lizard".

Ctenosaura similis
Ctenosaura similis, commonly known as the black iguana or black spiny-tailed iguana, is an iguanid lizard native to Mexico and Central America. It has been reported in some Colombian islands in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean, and has been introduced to the United States in the state of Florida. The largest species in the genus Ctenosaura, it is commonly found in areas such as grasslands and forests.
Lucinda Green
Lucinda Jane Green MBE (née Prior-Palmer, born 7 November 1953) is a British equestrian and journalist who competed in eventing. She is the 1982 World Champion and twice European Champion (1975–77). She also won World team Gold (1982), three European team golds (1977, 1985, 1987) and an Olympic silver medal in the team event in 1984. Between 1973 and 1984, she won a record six times at the Badminton Horse Trials (on six different horses). She also won the Burghley Horse Trials in 1977 and 1981. She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1978 Birthday Honours for services to Horse Riding.

In 2020, she launched The Lucinda Green XC Academy, an online membership for cross-country riding.

Badminton Horse Trials
The Badminton Horse Trials is a five-day event, one of only seven annual Concours Complet International (CCI) Five Star events as classified by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). It takes place in May each year in the park of Badminton House, the seat of the Duke of Beaufort, in South Gloucestershire, England.
John Wilson (Arkansas politician)
Colonel John Wilson (died 1865) was an American politician. He served as the Speaker of the House of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1836 to 1837. He killed fellow representative Joseph J. Anthony in 1837, being acquitted but expelled from the House. He was later reelected in 1840. Wilson died in Texas in 1865.

Joseph J. Anthony
Joseph J. Anthony (1780?–1837) was soldier, Arkansas pioneer, and a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives. He was killed by John Wilson, the speaker of his legislative chamber, during a debate on its floor.
Choctaw Casinos & Resorts
Choctaw Casinos & Resorts is a chain of seven Native American casinos and hotels located in Oklahoma, owned and operated by the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.

The original location in Durant has 218,844 sq ft (20,331.3 m2) of gaming floor, over 7,400 slot machines, and 1,616 hotel rooms. The resort has three casinos and three hotels within the complex. The South Casino was completed in 2006 with 108,844 sq ft (10,111.9 m2) of floor space, and the North Casino was completed in 2010 with 110,000 sq ft (10,000 m2) more floor space. Choctaw Inn has 101 hotel rooms, the Grand Tower has 204,000 sq ft (19,000 m2) of floor space, 330 rooms and suites, and is 12 floors tall. The Spa Tower was opened in 2015 as another expansion for the resort adding 286 rooms and suites. The latest Sky Tower adds 1,000 hotel rooms and suites to the property and is part of the latest expansion opened in 2021. The $860 million resort is the flagship of the Choctaw Nation gaming industry.

Durant, Oklahoma
Durant (/duːrænt/) is a city in and the county seat of Bryan County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 18,589 in the 2020 census. It is the home of the headquarters of the Choctaw Nation, and is the largest settlement on the reservation, ranking ahead of McAlester and Poteau. Durant is the principal city of the Durant Micropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 46,067 in 2020. Durant is also part of the Dallas–Fort Worth Combined Statistical Area, anchoring the northern edge.

The city was founded by Dixon Durant, a Choctaw who lived in the area, after the MK&T railroad came through the Indian Territory in the early 1870s. It became the county seat of Bryan County in 1907 after Oklahoma statehood.

Durant is home to Southeastern Oklahoma State University and the headquarters of the Choctaw Nation. The city is officially known as the Magnolia Capital of Oklahoma. The city and its micropolitan are a major part of the Texoma region.
Beth Israel Synagogue (Edenbridge, Saskatchewan)
Beth Israel Synagogue is a historic Carpenter Gothic style Orthodox synagogue located in Edenbridge in the rural municipality of Willow Creek, near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada. The Edenbridge Hebrew Colony was founded in 1906 by Jewish immigrants who came from Lithuania via South Africa. Completed in 1908, the synagogue's wooden frame exterior, steep pitched roof and end lancet windows are typical of the plain Carpenter Gothic style buildings built by other religious groups in Saskatchewan and the rest of rural North America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The elegant interior, however, reflects the Eastern European roots of the Orthodox congregation. Today Beth Israel is the "oldest surviving synagogue in Saskatchewan."

Beth Israel Synagogue, including its adjacent cemetery, is a  municipal heritage site as designated by the Rural Municipality of Willow Creek  on September 10, 2003." The plot of land was donated in 1987 to the Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation.

Oldest synagogues in Canada
Synagogues may be considered "oldest" based on different criteria, and can be oldest in the sense of oldest surviving building, or oldest in the sense of oldest congregation. Some old synagogue buildings have been in continuous use as synagogues, while others have been converted to other purposes, and others, such as the Touro Synagogue, were shuttered for many decades. Some early established congregations have been in continuous existence, while other early congregations have ceased to exist.
Chengdu Hunters
Chengdu Hunters (simplified Chinese: 成都猎人; traditional Chinese: 成都獵人; pinyin: Chéngdū Lièrén) were a Chinese professional Overwatch esports team based in Chengdu, China. The Hunters competed in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's East region. The team was owned by Huya, Inc., a Chinese interactive broadcast platform and was operated by Royal Never Give Up (RNG) throughout the 2019 and 2020 OWL seasons. The Hunters also formerly had partnership with Overwatch Contenders the team LGE.Huya to act as the team's academy team. Founded in 2018, Chengdu Hunters began play as one of eight expansion teams in 2019 and was one of four professional Overwatch teams in China. Since inception, the Hunters had qualified for the season playoffs once, in 2021. The team disbanded in 2023.

LinGan e-Sports
LinGan e-Sports, or simply LGE, is a Chinese esports organization founded in August 2016 in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. Based in Nanchang, China, it has fielded teams for video games such as Overwatch, League of Legends, and PUBG: Battlegrounds. In 2019, LGE partnered with the Chengdu Hunters of the Overwatch League (OWL) to play as an academy team in 2019 as LGE.Huya.
Lou Fellingham
Louise "Lou" Fellingham (née Hunt; born 5 May 1974) is an English Christian worship leader, singer and songwriter from Brighton in East Sussex, England. She is a founding member of the British band Phatfish and has also pursued a solo career. In 2008, she won a Christian Broadcasting Council (CBC) Award for her album Promised Land, in the category of Best Worship. She has worked alongside other Christian artists such as Matt Redman, Graham Kendrick, Tim Hughes and Stuart Townend. She regularly leads worship and performs at different venues around the world. A rendition of Fellingham leading the hymn "In Christ Alone" has had more than six million views on YouTube.

Phatfish
Phatfish were a Christian rock, CCM and worship band from Brighton, England, active from 1994 to 2014. During that time they released nine studio albums and several live releases, as well as a compilation, 15: The Anniversary Collection, in 2008. The principal members of the band were Lou Fellingham (lead vocals), Nathan Fellingham (drums), Michael Sandeman (keyboards), and Luke Fellingham (bass).

Their worship songs "Holy, Holy", "There is a Day" and "Amazing God" have become part of the Christian music canon internationally.
Armed Forces Operational Command (Poland)
The Armed Forces Operational Command "General Bronisław Kwiatkowski" (Polish: Dowództwo Operacyjne Rodzajów Sił Zbrojnych im. generała Bronisława Kwiatkowskiego, DO RSZ) is one of the two main command bodies of the Polish Armed Forces. It is responsible for operational command of the forces. The other main command is the Armed Forces General Command, responsible for the readiness of the forces.

The headquarters of the Command is located in Warsaw in Bemowo at ul. Radiowa Street in Warsaw 2.

On January 1, 2014, pursuant to art. 13 of the Act amending the Act on the Office of the Minister of National Defence and certain other acts (Journal of Laws (2013) 852), the Operational Command of the Armed Forces (DOSZ) was transformed into the Operational Command of the Armed Forces Branches (from the Polish verb rozdwajać się - to split; to branch out into separate entities).

Armed Forces General Command (Poland)
The Armed Forces General Command (Polish: Dowództwo Generalne Rodzajów Sił Zbrojnych, DGRSZ) is a joint command of the Polish Armed Forces, responsible for the combat training and readiness, supply, personnel and technical complement of military units of the armed forces during peace and crisis. It holds administrative command of the units, which are transferred under the operational control of the Armed Forces Operational Command. The current (March 2023) General Commander is Lt Gen Wiesław Kukuła. It is subordinated to the Chief of the General Staff.
Bladesmith
Bladesmithing is the art of making knives, swords, daggers and other blades using a forge, hammer, anvil, and other smithing tools. Bladesmiths employ a variety of metalworking techniques similar to those used by blacksmiths, as well as woodworking for knife and sword handles, and often leatherworking for sheaths. Bladesmithing is an art that is thousands of years old and found in cultures as diverse as China, Japan, India, Germany, Korea, the Middle East, Spain and the British Isles. As with any art shrouded in history, there are myths and misconceptions about the process. While traditionally bladesmithing referred to the manufacture of any blade by any means, the majority of contemporary craftsmen referred to as bladesmiths are those who primarily manufacture blades by means of using a forge to shape the blade as opposed to knifemakers who form blades by use of the stock removal method, although there is some overlap between both crafts.

Knife making
Knife making is the process of manufacturing a knife by any one or a combination of processes: stock removal, forging to shape, welded lamination or investment cast.  Typical metals used come from the carbon steel, tool, or stainless steel families. Primitive knives have been made from bronze, copper, brass, iron, obsidian, and flint.
Yugoslav new wave
The Yugoslav new wave (Serbian: Нови талас, Novi talas; Croatian: Novi val; Slovene: Novi val; Macedonian: Нов бран) was the new wave music scene of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. As its counterparts, the British and the American new wave, from which the main influences came, the Yugoslav scene was also closely related to punk rock, ska, reggae, 2 tone, power pop and mod revival. Some of its acts are also counted as belonging to the Yugoslav punk scene which already existed prior to new wave. Such artists were labeled as both punk rock and new wave (the term "new wave" was initially interchangeable with "punk").

Popular music in Yugoslavia
Popular music in Yugoslavia includes the pop and rock music of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including all their genres and subgenres. The scene included the constituent republics: SR Slovenia, SR Croatia, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Montenegro, SR Macedonia and SR Serbia and its subunits: SAP Vojvodina and SAP Kosovo. The pop and rock scene was a part of the general Music of Yugoslavia, which also included folk, classical music, jazz etc. Within Yugoslavia and internationally, the phrases ex-YU or ex-Yugoslav Pop and Rock both formally and informally generally to the SFRY period, though, in some cases, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is included, along with Serbia and Montenegro, which existed until 2006 (such as the book title Ex YU rock enciklopedija 1960 - 2006).
Huon Valley
The Huon Valley, often shortened to the Huon, is a rural region and river valley in southern Tasmania, Australia. Centred on the lower reaches of the Huon River, its commercial hub is Huonville, with smaller settlements lining the river and its tributaries.

Historically renowned for its apple orchards, the valley's economy today also includes high-value cherry production, extensive salmon aquaculture centred on Port Huon, and a growing visitor economy. The valley's apple heritage is celebrated through events such as the Huon Valley Mid-Winter Festival and local “Apple Queen” traditions.

Administratively, the region is governed by the Huon Valley Council, which encompasses a population of 19,454 as of 2024.

Tasmanian apples
Tasmanian apples are a significant agricultural product of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Historically known as "the Apple Isle," Tasmania was once a leading global exporter of apples and remains Australia’s second-largest apple-producing state after Victoria. The first apple tree in Tasmania was planted on Bruny Island in 1788, and by the 20th century, the state had become a major producer. In addition to cultivating popular commercial varieties, Tasmania has developed its own apple cultivars, including the Geeveston Fanny and the Crofton. Although production has declined in recent decades, apple farming remains an important industry, particularly in southern Tasmania. In 2023, Tasmania produced over 29,000 t (29,000,000 kg) of apples, contributing approximately 10% of Australia’s total apple yield.
Staerkel Planetarium
The William M. Staerkel Planetarium is a planetarium at Parkland College in Champaign, Illinois. It is the second largest planetarium in the state (after the Adler Planetarium in Chicago) and has the first Carl Zeiss M1015 opto-mechanical star projector installed in the western hemisphere. The Staerkel Planetarium provides science education programs and light show entertainment to as many as 40,000 people each year. It has a 50-foot dome, seats 144, and private group and school show reservations can be made beyond the regular public offerings.

Public shows are every Friday and Saturday evenings. Aside from their regular star shows, the planetarium also hosts a lecture series the first Friday of every month.

The planetarium is named after Parkland College's founding president, who led the college for the first 20 years.

Parkland College (United States)
Parkland College is a public community college in Champaign, Illinois.  It is part of the Illinois Community College System serving Community College District 505, which includes parts of Coles, Champaign, DeWitt, Douglas, Edgar, Ford, Iroquois, Livingston, Moultrie, McLean, Piatt, and Vermilion Counties. Parkland College enrolls approximately 9,000 students annually, with more than 340,000 students served since September 1967.

William M. Staerkel Planetarium is located at Parkland College.
Sky Dayton
Sky Dylan Dayton (born August 8, 1971) is an American entrepreneur and investor. He is the founder of Internet service provider EarthLink, co-founder of eCompanies, the founder of Boingo, and co-founder of City Storage Systems and CloudKitchens.

Boingo Wireless
Boingo Wireless, Inc. is an American company that designs, builds and manages wireless networks. Its public and private networks include distributed antenna systems (DAS), small cells, macro towers and more than one million Wi-Fi hotspots around the world. The company operates networks for airports, transit stations, stadiums, military bases, hospitals and commercial properties. In December 2022, the company announced it was moving its headquarters to Frisco, Texas, and would maintain regional offices in Los Angeles, New York, Chicago and Las Vegas. The company was listed on the Nasdaq until it was acquired by investment firm Digital Colony Management LLC in 2021.
Stronger than the Storm
Stronger than the Storm was an advertising campaign to promote tourism in New Jersey in 2013. It portrayed the state as being resilient and having recovered from the impact and aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, which had caused severe damage in Autumn 2012. The media blitz included billboards, radio spots, and television commercials featuring the Jersey Shore and including appearances by the Governor of New Jersey, Chris Christie, and his wife and children. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provided funding for the promotional campaign. The awarding of the contract to marketing firm MWW and the propriety of Christie's use of the ads during a re-election campaign has drawn media and governmental scrutiny. In January 2014, HUD initiated an audit of the expenditure. The audit is one of two simultaneous federal inquiries begun in 2014 involving the Chris Christie administration use of federal funds provided by the Hurricane Sandy relief bill.

MikeWorldWide
MikeWorldWide (formerly MWWPR) is a public relations firm. The company works in public relations and marketing, technology, digital and social media marketing, public affairs and government relations, corporate communications, healthcare, sustainability, visual branding,  crisis management,  influencer and creator marketing, and
sports and entertainment. Michael W. Kempner is the company’s founder and CEO. The firm's corporate headquarters is in Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey; the firm's operating headquarters is in New York City.
2004 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2004 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the third edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by ten countries from June 17 to June 27, 2004 in Mexicali and Tijuana, Mexico. The intercontinental event served as a qualifier for the 2005 FIVB World Grand Prix.

2005 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The FIVB World Grand Prix 2005 was the thirteenth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, which is the female equivalent of the Men's Volleyball World League. The 2005 edition was played by twelve countries from June 24 to July 18, 2005, with the final round held at the Sendai Gymnasium in Sendai, Japan. Hosts Japan and the top five ranked teams after the preliminary rounds qualified for the last round.

The competition of the 2005 WGP lasted four weeks with a total number of 69 matches. During the first, second and third week: 18 matches per team were played with a total of 54 matches. Classification in the preliminary rounds was decided by the number of points gained by teams participating in the same group. The classification in the general ranking of the preliminary rounds of the 2005 WGP was decided by the total number of World Grand Prix Points (GPP) gained by the teams in the preliminary matches.
ArcelorMittal Bremen
ArcelorMittal Bremen is a steelworks on the banks of the River Weser in Bremen, Germany.

An ironworks was established on the site in 1911 as Norddeutsche Hütte - much of the works was destroyed or dismantled during and immediately after the end of the Second World War. In 1957 steel group Klöckner established a new steel works on the same site, Klöckner Hütte Bremen. After growth during the 1960s and 1970s the business began to experience financial problems, and in the early 1990s Klöckner became effectively bankrupt. In 1994 the steelworks at Bremen was acquired by Sidmar, renamed Stahlwerke Bremen; it later became part of Usinor, Arcelor (2002), and ArcelorMittal (2006) through mergers of the parent holding company.

ArcelorMittal Ghent
51°10′19″N 3°48′06″E﻿ / ﻿51.172052°N 3.80157°E﻿ / 51.172052; 3.80157

ArcelorMittal Ghent is a Belgian steelworks situated in Ghent near Zelzate, Flanders. It was founded in 1962 by ARBED as Sidmar; the first maritime steel producer in Belgium.