hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jules Ferry laws
The Jules Ferry laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine). The dual system of state and church schools that were largely staffed by religious officials was replaced by state schools and lay school teachers. The educational reforms enacted by Jules Ferry are often attributed to a broader anti-clerical campaign in France.

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.
John Paul (pioneer)
John Paul was a pioneer in Ohio and Indiana, founding Xenia, Ohio and Madison, Indiana. He was a delegate at the convention that drafted the constitution of Ohio, and was a state senator in the first general assembly after statehood. He also served in the first state senate of Indiana. He founded the second newspaper in Indiana. He was known as "Colonel John Paul" for his services in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.

Madison, Indiana
Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River. As of the 2020 census, Madison had a population of 12,357. Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles (24 km) of downtown Madison. Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati. In 2006, the majority of Madison's downtown area was designated a National Historic Landmark—133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District.
Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths. Its territory approximately corresponds to modern Andalusia.

Lusitania
Lusitania (/ˌluː.sɪ.ˈteɪ.ni.ə/; Classical Latin: [luːsiːˈtaːnia]) was an ancient Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and Province of Salamanca). Romans named the region after the Lusitanians, an Indo-European tribe inhabiting the lands.

The capital Emerita Augusta was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior before becoming a province of its own during the Roman Empire.

After Romans arrived in the territory during the 2nd century BC, a war with Lusitanian tribes ensued between 155 and 139 BC, with the Roman province eventually established in 27 BC.

In modern parlance, Lusitania is often synonymous with Portugal, despite the Roman province's capital being located in modern Mérida, Spain.
Beqa
Beqa (Fijian pronunciation: [mbeŋɡa], also known as Mbengga in English) is an island in Fiji, an outlier to the main island of Viti Levu, 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) to the south. The island has a land area of 36.3 square kilometres (14 square miles) and reaches a maximum elevation of 440 metres (1,440 feet). Beqa has 9 villages divided between 2 tikinas (districts): Sawau and Raviravi. To the west is the island of Yanuca.

The villages of Dakuibeqa (the chiefly village of the Sawau people), Dakuni, Soliyaga, Naceva and Naiseuseu are part of the tikina (district) of Sawau.  The villages of Nawaisomo, Raviravi, Lalati and Rukua are part of the tikina (district) of Raviravi.

Sawau
The Sawau (Fijian pronunciation: [saɰɔu̯] ⓘ) tribe in Fiji is made of 6 villages on the island of Beqa, 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) to the south of Viti Levu, but the District is only made up of 5 villages.  They are as follows:

Dakuibeqa (Chiefly Village –Tui Sawau),

Dakuni,

Soliyaga,

Naceva,

Naseuseu and

Rukua – (Part of the Tribe  of Sawau but part of the District of Raviravi)

The people of Sawau are known for performing two cultural expressions:

Vilavilairevo (Firewalking) The phenomena was examined in 1902 when it was already a tourist attraction, with a "Probable Explanation of the Mystery" arrived at.

Yavirau or Qolikubu – (Fish drive)
Nagasaki 3rd district
Nagasaki 3rd district (長崎[県第]3区, Nagasaki[-ken dai-]sanku) is a single-member electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet. It is located in the prefecture of Nagasaki and covers northern parts of the prefecture on the main island of Kyūshū and the Gotō Islands. Most of the population lives in or around the city of Sasebo.

Sasebo
Sasebo (佐世保市, Sasebo-shi) is a core city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the second-largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture, after its capital, Nagasaki. As of 1 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 230,873 in 102,670 households, and a  population density of 540 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 426.01 km2 (164.48 sq mi).
Embrithopoda
Embrithopoda ("heavy-footed" in Ancient Greek) is an order of extinct paenungulate mammals known from Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe.  Most of the embrithopod genera are known exclusively from jaws and teeth dated from the late Paleocene to the late Eocene; however, the order is best known from its terminal member, the large Arsinoitherium.

Arsinoitherium
Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammals belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda. It is related to elephants, sirenians, and hyraxes. Arsinoitheres were superficially rhinoceros-like herbivores that lived during the Late Eocene and the Early Oligocene of North Africa from 36 to 30 million years ago, in areas of tropical rainforest and at the margin of mangrove swamps. A species described in 2004, A. giganteum, lived in Ethiopia about 27 million years ago.
Temple Works
Temple Works is a former flax mill in Holbeck, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It was designed by the engineer James Coombe a former pupil of John Rennie; the painter David Roberts; and the architect Joseph Bonomi the Younger. It was built in the Egyptian Revival style for the industrialist John Marshall between 1836 and 1840 to contain a 240 horsepower double-beam engine by Benjamin Hick (B. Hick and Sons). Temple Works is the only Grade I listed building in Holbeck.

B. Hick and Sons
B. Hick and Sons, subsequently Hick, Hargreaves & Co, was a British engineering company based at the Soho Ironworks in Bolton, England. Benjamin Hick, a partner in Rothwell, Hick and Rothwell, later Rothwell, Hick & Co., set up the company in partnership with two of his sons, John (1815–1894) and Benjamin Jr (1818–1845) in 1833.
Charlie Hough
Charles Oliver Hough  (/ˈhʌf/; born January 5, 1948) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) knuckleball pitcher and coach who played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Texas Rangers, Chicago White Sox, and Florida Marlins from 1970 to 1994.

Knuckleball
A knuckleball or knuckler is a baseball pitch thrown to minimize the spin of the ball in flight, causing an erratic, unpredictable motion. The air flow over a seam of the ball causes the ball to change from laminar to turbulent flow. This change adds a deflecting force to the baseball, making it difficult for batters to hit but also difficult for pitchers to control and catchers to catch. Umpires are challenged as well, as the ball's irregular motion through the air makes it harder to call balls and strikes. A pitcher who throws knuckleballs is known as a knuckleballer.
Cortinarius
Cortinarius is a globally distributed genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Its members are commonly known by the names cortinar and webcap. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,700 widespread species.

Young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and leave no more than limited remnants on the stem or cap edge. All species have a rusty brown spore print. Several species (such as C. orellanus) are highly toxic and many species are difficult to distinguish, making their consumption inadvisable.

Mushroom poisoning
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus.

Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Some toxins, such as amatoxins, are thermostable and mushrooms containing such toxins will not be rendered safe to eat by cooking.
Night of the Living Dead (film series)
Night of the Living Dead is a zombie horror media franchise created by George A. Romero beginning with the 1968 film Night of the Living Dead, directed by Romero and cowritten with John A. Russo. The franchise predominantly centers on different groups of people attempting to survive during the outbreak and evolution of a zombie apocalypse. The latest installment of the series, Survival of the Dead, was released in 2009, with a sequel, Twilight of the Dead, in development. This would be the first film in the series not directed by George Romero, who died on July 16, 2017.

Survival of the Dead
Survival of the Dead is a 2009 horror film written and directed by George A. Romero and starring Alan van Sprang, Kenneth Welsh and Kathleen Munroe. It is the sixth entry in Romero's Night of the Living Dead series. The story follows a group of AWOL National Guardsmen who briefly appeared in Diary of the Dead.

It was the last film directed by Romero before his death in 2017.
Sound M.O.B.
Sound M.O.B. (The Sound Of Magnificently Orchestrated Beats) is a music production and  songwriting duo consisting of Brandon  Tillman, better known as Pyro, and Raul  Gonzalez, also known as DJ Ryu. They are  best known for producing Kirko Bangz's "Drank In My Cup" & Meek Mill’s "Litty" featuring Tory Lanez.

Kirko Bangz
Kirk Jerel Randle (born August 20, 1989), better known by his stage name Kirko Bangz, is an American rapper. He is best known for his 2011 single "Drank in My Cup", which peaked at number 28 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His guest appearance on Meek Mill's 2012 single, "Young & Gettin' It", peaked at number 86. As his following releases have failed to chart, he has been regarded as a one-hit wonder.
Taenianotus
Taenianotus is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. Its only species is Taenianotus triacanthus, the leaf scorpionfish, paperfish, paper scorpionfish, sailfin leaffish or threespine scorpionfish.  This taxon has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

Scorpaenidae
The Scorpaenidae (also known as scorpionfish) are a family of mostly marine fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As their name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus. They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. They should not be confused with the cabezones, of the genus Scorpaenichthys, which belong to a separate, though related, family, Cottidae.
Lê Dung
NSND Lê Dung (5 June 1951 in Hòn Gai, Quảng Ninh – 29 January 2001 in Hanoi) was a Vietnamese soprano opera singer. She was a student at the Tchaikovsky Conservatory and toured and performed widely in Eastern Europe. She won prizes at Sofia, Bulgaria 1987, Toulouse 1988 and Pyongyang. She was a member of the Hanoi Opera but also sang and recorded the works of Phú Quang and other popular songwriters. In 1993, she became the youngest ever person to be accredited as People's Artist ("NSND"), Vietnam's top artistic award for a living artist - second only to the often posthumous Ho Chi Minh Prize.

Hanoi Opera House
The Hanoi Opera House (French: Opéra de Hanoï), or the Grand Opera House (Vietnamese: Nhà hát lớn Hà Nội, French: Grand Opéra) is an opera house in central Hanoi, Vietnam. It was erected by the French colonial administration between 1901 and 1911. Hanoi Opera House is one of three opera houses that the French built during their time in Indochina, the others are Haiphong Opera House and Municipal Theatre in Ho Chi Minh City.
Los Vaqueros Reservoir
The Los Vaqueros Reservoir and watershed is located in the northern Diablo Range, within northeastern Contra Costa County, northern California. It was completed by the Contra Costa Water District (CCWD) in 1998 (1998) to improve the quality of drinking water for its 550,000 customers in Central and Eastern Contra Costa County. The reservoir is accessible via Vasco Road, a road which connects Brentwood and Livermore.

Some 20,000 acres of land was acquired to provide for construction of the dam and its 1500-acre reservoir, as well as protection of 19,300 acres of associated watershed.

Brentwood, California
Brentwood is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population is 66,854 as of 2022, an increase of 287% from 23,302 at the 2000 census.

Brentwood was settled by Euro-Americans in the late 19th century. The community is still known throughout the Bay Area for its agricultural products - primarily its cherries, corn and peaches. Due to urban sprawl, many of the old farms and orchards have been replaced by suburban properties and developments since 1990. Brentwood is increasingly residential, with the rate of population growth in the triple digits during the  1990s, and 69% from  2000 through  2010. As of currently, estimates put the population at around 65,350; a 26.5% increase from  2010.
Manchester Royal Infirmary
Manchester Royal Infirmary (MRI) is a large NHS teaching hospital in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester, England. Founded by Charles White in 1752 as part of the voluntary hospital movement of the 18th century, it is now a major regional and national medical centre.

It is the largest hospital within Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, and based on its Oxford Road Campus in central Manchester where it shares a site with the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and Saint Mary's Hospital as well as several other educational and research facilities. The hospital is also a key site for medical education within Manchester, serving as a main teaching hospital for the School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester.

Charles White (physician)
Charles White FRS (4 October 1728 – 20 February 1813) was an English physician and a co-founder of the Manchester Royal Infirmary and the St Mary's Hospital for Lying in Women in 1790. White made contributions in the fields of orthopaedics, surgery, and obstetrics. He was a founding member of the Portico Library and of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, where he was also Vice President for twenty three years.
Office of the Registrar General, Birth & Death Registration
The Office of the Registrar General, Birth & Death Registration (Bengali: রেজিস্ট্রার জেনারেলের কার্যালয়, জন্ম ও মৃত্যু নিবন্ধন) is a Bangladesh government regulatory agency under the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives responsible for the registration of births and deaths in Bangladesh. The website of this agency had a massive data breach in June and July of 2023, exposing citizens personal data that included names, phone numbers, national identity card information, and addresses.

2023 Bangladesh Government website data breach
In June and July 2023, a major data breach occurred in a Bangladesh Government website, resulting in the unauthorized exposure and compromise of personal data belonging to more than 50 million Bangladeshi citizens.
Caldera (company)
Caldera, Inc. was a Canopy-funded software company founded in October 1994 and incorporated on 25 January 1995 by former Novell employees Bryan Wayne Sparks, Ransom H. Love and others to develop the Caldera Network Desktop (CND) and later create a Linux distribution named OpenLinux (COL). The company was originally based in Provo and later in Orem, Utah, USA.

Caldera OpenLinux
Caldera OpenLinux is a defunct Linux distribution produced by Caldera, Inc. (and its successors Caldera Systems and Caldera International) that existed from 1997 to 2002. Based on the German LST Power Linux distribution, OpenLinux was an early high-end "business-oriented" distribution that included features it developed, such as an easy-to-use, graphical installer and graphical and web-based system administration tools, as well as features from bundled proprietary software.  In its era, Caldera OpenLinux was one of the four major commercial Linux distributions, the others being Red Hat Linux, Turbolinux, and SuSE Linux.
BMARC
BMARC (British Manufacture and Research Company) was a UK-based firm designing and producing defence products, particularly aircraft cannon and naval anti-aircraft cannon. It was based on a 60-acre (24 ha) site on Springfield Road (part of the A607) in Grantham, Lincolnshire.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.
Daifu
Daifu Co., Ltd. (株式会社大富) is the owner of two Japanese television channels (Daifu Channel and Phoenix TV Japan) catering the Chinese diaspora in the country. Founded in 1998, it also deepens "Japanese people's understanding of China and the Chinese people" and plays a role in the establishment of friendly bilateral China–Japan relations. In addition to its television channels, it also conducts video production, newspaper and magazine publishing, coordination, and communications services.

Daifu Channel
Daifu Channel (Japanese: 大富チャンネル), formerly CCTV-Daifu (CCTV大富), officially known as Chinese TV - Daifu Channel (中国テレビ★大富チャンネル), is the main channel of Daifu, a Japanese television company catering the Chinese diaspora in Japan. The channel airs China Central Television's programming to the Japanese market.
Connected (2022 film)
Connected is a 2022 Filipino youth-oriented romantic comedy film directed by Theodore Boborol, starring former Pinoy Big Brother: Connect housemates Kobie Brown, Andi Abaya, Ralph Malibunas, Gail Banawis, Chico Alicaya, Amanda Zamora, and PBB co-host Richard Juan as they navigate all their different personalities while finding a sense of purpose, love, attention, and the struggle to combat feelings of isolation in a connected world.

It is also the first movie produced by Star Magic Studios, serving as the newly-formed studio's realization of its vision to produce movies that will showcase its artists' talents in the most perfect yet challenging roles for them.

Richard Juan
Richard Juan (Chinese: 范鴻志; Jyutping: Faan6 Hung4zi3; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hoān Hông-chì; Pīnyīn: Fàn Hóngzhì; born August 2, 1992), also known as Richard Hwan, is a Filipino television host, actor and film producer. He first gained popularity through the Eat Bulaga! segment "You're My Foreignoy" and won the Dabarkad's Choice Award. He was also a housemate on the reality show Pinoy Big Brother: 737.

He is the founder and managing director of Two Infinity Entertainment and also the co-founder of 28 Squared Studios.
Cyril de Zoysa
Sir Cyril de Zoysa (Sinhala: ශ්‍රිමත් සිරිල් ද සොයිසා) (26 October 1896 – 2 January 1978) was a Sri Lankan industrialist, Senator and a philanthropist. The President of the Senate of Ceylon from 1960 to 1965, he was a leader in the Buddhist revival movement in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in the 20th century. He was distantly related to Sri Lankan tycoon Sir Ernest de Silva.

President of the Senate of Ceylon
The president of the Senate of Ceylon, was the presiding officer and the highest ranking-official of the Senate of Ceylon.

The president of the Senate was the fourth most senior position in the government, following the governor general, the prime minister and the chief justice.

The Senate was created on 1947 with the abolition of the Soulbury Commission as the upper house with the House of Representatives of Ceylon as the lower house. The position of president was created under clause 16 of the Ceylon (Constitution) Order in Council, 1947, which required the Senate at its first constituted meeting to elect two senators to the role of president and deputy president. The position becoming vacant when the president either resigned or ceased to be a senator. The president had the casting vote in the event of a tied vote in the senate.
USS Richland (YFD-64)
USS Richland (YFD-64/AFDM-8) was an AFDM-3-class medium auxiliary floating drydock built in California for the U.S. Navy. Originally named USS YFD-64, she was towed to the Philippines and Guam where she served until war's end.

In 1946 she was placed back into service to support submarine maintenance at Guam for the next forty years.

Auxiliary floating drydock
An auxiliary floating drydock is a type of US Navy auxiliary floating dry dock. Floating dry docks are able to submerge underwater and to be placed under a ship in need of repair below the water line. Water is then pumped out of the floating dry dock, raising the ship out of the water. The ship becomes blocked on the deck of the floating dry dock for repair. Most floating dry docks have no engine and are towed by tugboats to their destinations. Floating dry docks come in different sizes to accommodate varying ship sizes, while large floating dry docks come in sections and can be combined to increase their size and lift power. Ballast pontoon tanks are flooded with water to submerge or pumped dry to raise the ship.
Karl Sverkersson
Karl Sverkersson or Charles VII (c. 1130 – 12 April 1167) was the ruler of Götaland, and then King of Sweden from c. 1161 to 1167, when he was assassinated in a military attack by Knut Eriksson who then succeeded him as king.

Sverker the Younger
Sverker the Younger (before 1167 – 17 July 1210), also known as Sverker II or Sverker Karlsson, was King of Sweden from 1195 or 1196 to 1208 when he was defeated in the Battle of Lena by Erik Knutsson. Sverker died in the 1210 Battle of Gestilren where his forces battled those of King Erik Knutsson.