hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle at St. Croix
The Battle at St. Croix was fought during Father Le Loutre's War between Gorham's Rangers and Mi'kmaq at Battle Hill in the community of St. Croix, Nova Scotia. The battle lasted from March 20–23, 1750.

Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)
Fort Edward is a National Historic Site of Canada in Windsor, Nova Scotia, (formerly known as Pisiguit) and was built during Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755). The British built the fort to help prevent the Acadian Exodus from the region. The Fort is most famous for the role it played both in the Expulsion of the Acadians (1755) and in protecting Halifax, Nova Scotia from a land assault in the American Revolution. While much of Fort Edward has been destroyed,  including the officers' quarters (which burned down in 1922) and barracks, the blockhouse that remains is the oldest extant in North America. A cairn was later added to the site.
European spruce bark beetle
The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), also called the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle, is a species of beetle in the weevil subfamily Scolytinae, the bark beetles, and is found in Europe, Asia Minor and east to China, Japan, and Korea. As it moves from tree to tree, it brings wood-rotting fungi with it, destroying the commercial value of the timber. It creates branching galleries under the bark (in the phloem), weakening the tree; serious and prolonged infestations can create enough galleries to girdle and so kill the tree. It is a serious pest of Norway spruce, a major commercial forestry tree in Europe, but also affects pines, firs, and larches.

Larch
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae. Growing to as much as 60 m (195 ft) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in lowland forests in the far north, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada, making them the most abundant genus of trees on earth. Larch wood is tough and relatively durable; it is used in boatbuilding, cladding, decking, garden furniture, fencing, and construction. Products extracted from larch include arabinogalactan, rosin, turpentine, and an essential oil.
Red-eyed crocodile skink
Tribolonotus gracilis, commonly known as the red-eyed crocodile skink or New Guinea crocodile skink, is a species of skink that is endemic to New Guinea, where it lives in tropical rainforest habitats. It was first described by Nelly de Rooij in 1909. It is sometimes kept as an exotic pet.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Sør-Varanger Municipality
Sør-Varanger (Northern Sami: Máttá-Várjjat; Kven: Etelä-Varenki; Russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер, romanized: Syor-Varánger) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kirkenes. Other settlements in the municipality include the villages of Bjørnevatn, Bugøynes, Elvenes, Grense Jakobselv, Hesseng, Jakobsnes, Neiden, and Sandnes. Located west of the Norway–Russia border, Sør-Varanger is the only Norwegian municipality that shares a land border with Russia, with the only legal border crossing at Storskog.

The 3,971-square-kilometre (1,533 sq mi) municipality is the 6th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Varanger is the 112th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,063. The municipality's population density is 2.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.

There is a Dark-sky park in Pasvik.

Bjørnevatn
Bjørnevatn (Norwegian), Kuõbǯǯjäuʹrr (Skolt Sami), Guovžajávri (Northern Sami), or Kruuvakylä (Kven) is a village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The village lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the town of Kirkenes and about 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) west of the Norway-Russia border. The village has a couple of suburbs including Hesseng to the north and Sandnes to the west. The Bjørnevatn IL is the local sports team. The name Bjørnevatn translates to "Bear Lake" in English.

The 1.99-square-kilometre (490-acre) village has a population (2023) of 2,536 and a population density of 1,274 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,300/sq mi).
Sarıyahşi District
Sarıyahşi District is a district of Aksaray Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Sarıyahşi. Its area is 210 km2, and its population is 5,183 (2021). The district lies at an average elevation of 870 m (2,854 ft).

The district is good agricultural land watered by Hirfanlı Dam reservoir, and used for growing grain and other crops. There is a uranium mine in the village of Bekdik and various stone quarries.

Sarıyahşi
Sarıyahşi is a town in Aksaray Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, at a distance of 110 km (68 mi) from the province seat of Aksaray. It is the seat of Sarıyahşi District. Its population is 3,543 (2021).

The town of Sarıyahşi is a small rural centre providing schools and other basic amenities to the surrounding countryside.
Taylor Gray (racing driver)
Taylor James Gray (born March 25, 2005) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 54 Toyota GR Supra for Joe Gibbs Racing and part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 1 Toyota Tundra TRD Pro for Tricon Garage. He has previously competed in the ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West.

Tanner Gray
Tanner Sean Gray (born April 15, 1999) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 15 Toyota Tundra TRD Pro for Tricon Garage. Gray is the youngest professional driver to win a national event in NHRA history, and the youngest driver to win a solo NHRA season championship.
William Wilson (mayor)
William Barbour Wilson (2 April 1819 – 8 November 1897), also known as Cabbage Wilson, was the first Mayor of Christchurch in New Zealand in 1868. A nurseryman by profession, he had large landholdings in Christchurch. His reputation was dented by a fraud conviction, and when he was subsequently elected onto the city council once more, five councillors resigned in protest.

James Jameson
James Purvis Jameson JP (5 April 1824 – 6 September 1896) was Mayor of Christchurch in 1870–1871. Originally a linen draper from the Manchester area, he emigrated with his family to Christchurch in 1863. He was involved with many organisations in Christchurch and was active in the Congregational church. For a time, he was a farmer on the Canterbury Plains.
Magnifying glass
A magnifying glass is a convex lens—usually mounted in a frame with a handle—that is used to produce a magnified image of an object. A magnifying glass can also be used to focus light, such as to concentrate the Sun's radiation to create a hot spot at the focus for fire starting.

Evidence of magnifying glasses exists from antiquity. The magnifying glass is an icon of detective fiction, particularly that of Sherlock Holmes.

An alternative to a magnifying glass is a sheet magnifier, which comprises many very narrow concentric ring-shaped lenses, such that the combination acts as a single lens but is much thinner.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
Partners for Progressive Israel
Partners for Progressive Israel is an American non-governmental organization and registered 501(c)(3) dedicated to the achievement of a durable, secure, and just peace between Israel and its neighbors, including a two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Partners for Progressive Israel is devoted to civil rights in Israel and to human rights throughout the area under Israel's control, as well as to social justice, equality, religious freedom, and environmentalism. Partners for Progressive Israel seeks to deepen American Jews' understanding of the complexities of Israeli society in order to enhance their advocacy for a progressive Israel.

In October 2024, Partners for Progressive Israel became the first Zionist group in the United States to call on the United States government to suspend its sale of offensive arms to Israel, calling on the American government to redirect its aid to Israel to peacebuilding efforts.

New Jewish Narrative
The New Jewish Narrative is a progressive Zionist Jewish organization in the United States of America. It was formed in December 2024 as a merger of Americans for Peace Now and Ameinu, the US offshoot of the Israeli Labor Party.
Green grabbing
Green grabbing or green colonialism is the foreign land grabbing and appropriation of resources for environmental purposes, resulting in a pattern of unjust development. The purposes of green grabbing are varied; it can be done for ecotourism, conservation of biodiversity or ecosystem services, for carbon emission trading, or for biofuel production. It involves governments, NGOs, and corporations, often working in alliances. Green grabs can result in local residents' displacement from land where they live or make their livelihoods. It is considered to be a subtype of green imperialism.

Green imperialism
Green imperialism (also called eco-imperialism, eco-colonialism, or environmental imperialism) is a derogatory epithet alluding to what is perceived as a Western strategy to influence the internal affairs of mostly developing nations in the name of environmentalism.
Glaucine
Glaucine (also known as 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxyaporphine, bromcholitin, glauvent, tusidil, and tussiglaucin) is an aporphine alkaloid found in several different plant species in the family Papaveraceae, such as Glaucium flavum, Glaucium oxylobum, and Corydalis yanhusuo, and in other plants such as Croton lechleri in the family Euphorbiaceae.

It has bronchodilator, neuroleptic and antiinflammatory effects, acting as a PDE4 inhibitor and calcium channel blocker, and is used medically as an antitussive in some countries. TLRs plays role in its anti inflammatory effects. Glaucine may produce side effects such as sedation, fatigue, and a hallucinogenic effect characterised by colourful visual images, and has been detected as a novel psychoactive drug. In 2019, its isomer (R)-glaucine is reported to be a positive allosteric modulator of the 5-HT2A receptor, which is also associated with the hallucinogenic effects of substances such as psilocybin and mescaline.

PDE4 inhibitor
A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, commonly referred to as a PDE4 inhibitor, is a drug used to block the degradative action of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is a member of the larger family of PDE inhibitors. The PDE4 family of enzymes are the most prevalent PDE in immune cells. They are predominantly responsible for hydrolyzing cAMP within both immune cells and cells in the central nervous system.
Unicredito
Unicredito was an Italian bank holding company that existed under that name for a brief time, from 1994 to 1998. It was initially formed by the banking foundations of Cassa di Risparmio di Verona, Vicenza, Belluno e Ancona (Cariverona Banca) and Cassa di Risparmio della Marca Trivigiana (Cassamarca) respectively owning 83.5 percent and 16.5 percent of UniCredito's equity. In 1997, the banking foundation of Cassa di Risparmio di Torino (Banca CRT) joined the venture. In 1998, Unicredito merged with Credito Italiano to form UniCredito Italiano, later branded as UniCredit.

Cassa di Risparmio di Verona, Vicenza, Belluno e Ancona
Cassa di Risparmio di Verona, Vicenza, Belluno e Ancona, also known by the shorthand Cariverona, was an Italian savings bank headquartered in Verona. It was formed in 1825 from a division of the Monte di Pietà di Verona, itself founded in 1490.

In 1991, due to Legge Amato, the bank was split into two organizations: a commercial bank still named Cassa di Risparmio di Verona, Vicenza, Belluno e Ancona S.p.A., trading as Cariverona Banca; and the non-profit Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona, Vicenza, Belluno e Ancona. In 1994, Cariverona merged with the smaller Cassa di Risparmio della Marca Trivigiana to form Unicredito, which in turn merged in 1998 with Credito Italiano to form UniCredit.
Rhombic dodecahedron
In geometry, the rhombic dodecahedron is a convex polyhedron with 12 congruent rhombic faces. It has 24 edges, and 14 vertices of 2 types. As a Catalan solid, it is the dual polyhedron of the cuboctahedron. As a parallelohedron, the rhombic dodecahedron can be used to tesselate its copies in space creating a rhombic dodecahedral honeycomb. There are some variations of the rhombic dodecahedron, one of which is the Bilinski dodecahedron. There are some stellations of the rhombic dodecahedron, one of which is the Escher's solid. The rhombic dodecahedron may also appear in nature (such as in the garnet crystal), the architectural philosophies, practical usages, and toys.

Catalan solid
The Catalan solids are the dual polyhedra of Archimedean solids. The Archimedean solids are thirteen highly-symmetric polyhedra with regular faces and symmetric vertices. The faces of the Catalan solids correspond by duality to the vertices of Archimedean solids, and vice versa.
Strowger switch
The Strowger switch is the first commercially successful electromechanical stepping switch telephone exchange system. It was developed by the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange Company founded in 1891 by Almon Brown Strowger. Based on its mechanical characteristics, it is also known as a step-by-step (SXS) switch.

Automatic Electric
Automatic Electric Company (A.E. Co.) was an American telephone equipment supplier primarily for independent telephone companies in North America, but also had a worldwide presence. With its line of automatic telephone exchanges, it was also a long-term supplier of switching equipment to the Bell System, starting in 1919.
The company was the largest manufacturing unit of the Automatic Electric Group. In 1955, the company was acquired by General Telephone and Electronics (GT&E). After numerous reorganization within GTE, the company's assets came under the umbrella of Lucent in the 1990s, and subsequently part of Nokia.
Kasaan, Alaska
Kasaan /kəˈsæn/ (Haida: Gasaʼáan; Tlingit: Kasaʼaan) is a city in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, Kasaan had a population of 30. The name "Kasaan" comes from Tlingit Kasaʼaan, meaning "pretty town".

Kasaan is the headquarters of the Organized Village of Kasaan, a federally recognized Alaska Native tribe of Haida people.

Organized Village of Kasaan
The Organized Village of Kasaan is a federally recognized Alaska Native tribe of Haida people. This Alaska Native tribe is headquartered in Kasaan, Alaska Tlingit: Gasa'aan.

They are known as the Kaigani Haida. Kasaan Health Center provides healthcare to the tribe.
Ahakista
Ahakista (Irish: Átha an Chiste or Áth an Chiste) is located approximately halfway along the Sheep's Head peninsula between Durrus and Kilcrohane in County Cork, Ireland.  It is a wooded coastal village with a deep and sheltered harbour.

Kilcrohane
Kilcrohane (Irish: Cill Chrócháin) is a village in County Cork, Ireland. It is the last coastal village on the Sheep's Head Peninsula after Durrus and Ahakista. Kilcrohane lies under the 'Shadow of Seefin' (the area's highest hill) and is also close to Caher Mountain. The village overlooks Dunmanus Bay. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Land mines in Nagorno-Karabakh
The region of Nagorno-Karabakh and areas around it are considered to be some of the most heavily mined regions of the former Soviet Union. Mines were laid from the early 1990s by both Azerbaijani and Armenian forces during and after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The worst-affected areas are along the fortified former contact line between Azerbaijani and Armenian forces, in particular in the districts of Aghdam, Fuzuli and Jabrayil. According to military experts from both Azerbaijan and Armenia, the ground in those areas is covered with "carpets of land mines." The region has the highest per capita rate in the world of accidents due to unexploded ordnance.

Artsakh Defence Army
The Defense Army of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ, romanized: Artsakhi Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan banak, also Defense Army of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh), also known as Artsakh Defence Army (or Nagorno-Karabakh Defence Army) was the defence force of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. Established in 1992, it united previously disorganized defence units which were formed in the early 1990s.

It was disbanded on 20 September 2023 under the terms of the Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement following the 2023 Azerbaijani military offensive.
Star Studio18
Star Studio18 (formerly known as Star Studios and Fox Star Studios) is an Indian motion picture production and distribution company. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of JioStar (a joint-venture between Reliance and Disney India). The studio produces Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and other South Asian language films through acquisitions, co-productions and in-house productions for worldwide distribution.

Star Studio18 was one of the 21st Century Fox and Star India film production companies that was acquired by Disney on March 20, 2019. The studio's current name was adopted in August 2025.

Starting with the international release of Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva (2022), all of Star Studios' films are now handled in the United States, Canada and internationally (outside of India) by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

Disney Star
Disney Star, now JioStar India Private Limited (and formerly Star India), is an Indian media conglomerate joint venture between Disney India, Reliance Industries and the latter's subsidiary Viacom18. On 14 November 2024, Viacom18 merged its assets with Disney India's subsidiary Disney Star to form JioStar. The deal, valued at $8.5 billion, involved the investment of ₹11,000 crore (US$1.3 billion) by Reliance Industries, which left Reliance Industries with a total stake of 63.16%, 16.34% directly and 46.82 percent through Viacom18, with Disney India controlling the remaining 36.84%. It is the largest television and entertainment network in India, operating more than 100 TV channels and a major streaming platform called JioHotstar.
Shaver Lake, California
Shaver Lake (formerly Musick Creek and Musick Creek Heights) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 580 at the 2020 census, down from 634 at the 2010 census. Shaver Lake is on the southwest end of the lake of the same name, 10 miles (16 km) east of New Auberry, at an elevation of 5,627 ft (1,715 m). The name honors C.B. Shaver, founder of the Fresno Flume and Irrigation Company that built the dam, creating the lake. The lake served as a mill pond for the Shaver Sawmill and the source for a flume that ran 65 miles (105 km) to Clovis. The original town of Shaver was inundated when the Thomas A. Edison Company purchased and enlarged the lake in 1919.

Shaver Lake
Shaver Lake is an artificial lake on Stevenson Creek, in the Sierra National Forest of Fresno County, California. At an elevation of 5,500 ft (1,700 m), several smaller streams also flow into the lake, and it receives water from the tunnels of Southern California Edison's Big Creek Hydroelectric Project. The town of Shaver Lake is located on its southwest shore.
Djurgårdsbron
Djurgårdsbron (Swedish: "The Djurgården Bridge") is a bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden.  Designed by Carl Fraenell and built for the Stockholm World's Fair 1897, the present bridge forms a southern extension to the boulevard Narvavägen, thus connecting mainland Östermalm to the island Djurgården.  It is one of four bridges stretching from Djurgården, the others being Djurgårdsbrunnsbron, Beckholmsbron, and Lilla Sjötullsbron.

Featured on the bridge standing on tall granite columns are four Old Norse gods, sculpted by Rold Adlersparre: Heimdall blowing in his Gjallarhorn; Odin's wife Frigg holding a rod; Freyja with a falcon (one of her guises) in her hand; and Thor with his hammer Mjolnir resting on his shoulder.  Flanking the pathways are cast iron railings displaying stylized plants and the abutments and candelabras designed by the architect Erik Josephson (1864–1929).

General Art and Industrial Exposition of Stockholm
The General Art and Industrial Exposition of Stockholm of 1897 (Swedish: Allmänna konst- och industriutställningen) also known as Stockholm Exhibition or Stockholm World's Fair (Stockholmsutställningen) was a World's Fair staged in 1897 in Stockholm, Sweden.
Mercedes-Benz W105
The Mercedes-Benz W105 was a four-door executive car manufactured by Daimler-Benz from 1956 to 1959 and marketed as the Mercedes-Benz Typ(e) 219.

The ponton-styled Mercedes 219 was an effort by Daimler-Benz to offer an intermediate no-frills 6-cylinder model option. It combined the larger, more luxurious W128 220-series' 2.2 L (134 cu in) straight-six M180 engine and forward part of the 220's body shell with the more compact cabin of the entry-level 4-cylinder Mercedes-Benz W120 180/190.

The W128 had been derived from the W120, being stretched 100 mm in front to accommodate a 6-cylinder engine in place of a 4-cylinder, and adding 70 mm to the cabin's rear seat legroom, while leaving the trunk the same on both cars. The most obvious outward manifestation of the two model lines' mating is the shorter, single window rear doors.

Mercedes-Benz W180
See Mercedes-Benz S-Class for a complete overview of all S-Class models.

The Mercedes-Benz W180  is a line of full-sized luxury cars produced by Mercedes-Benz between 1954 and 1959, which included an inline 6-cylinder saloon, coupé, and convertible. The four-door 220 a sedan was produced from 1954 to early-1956.  It was succeeded by a slightly modified, more powerful 220 S in early 1956.  A two-door cabriolet and coupe joined the line in mid-1956; all three models were produced through the end of the W180 run.

A fuel-injected version of the 220S was introduced in October of 1958 as the W128, produced also in four-door sedan and two-door coupe and cabriolet through November 1960.

The W180 series was one in a range of Mercedes-Benz models to informally receive the "Ponton" nickname, derived from its unibody-type, pontoon-shaped exterior styling, which carried through into the subsequent W128 line.