hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TextSecure
TextSecure was an encrypted messaging application for Android that was developed from 2010 to 2015. It was a predecessor to Signal and the first application to use the Signal Protocol, which has since been implemented into WhatsApp and other applications. TextSecure used end-to-end encryption to secure the transmission of text messages, group messages, attachments and media messages to other TextSecure users.

TextSecure was first developed by Whisper Systems, who were later acqui-hired by Twitter. The application's source code was then released under a free and open-source software license. In 2013, TextSecure's development was picked up by an independent group called Open Whisper Systems, who merged it with an encrypted voice calling application called RedPhone and renamed the product as Signal.

Whisper Systems
Whisper Systems was an American enterprise mobile security company that was co-founded by security researcher Moxie Marlinspike and roboticist Stuart Anderson in 2010. The company was acquired by Twitter in November 2011. Some of the company's software products were released under open-source licenses after the acquisition. An independent group called Open Whisper Systems later picked up the development of this open-source software, which led to the creation of the Signal Technology Foundation.
Travel to the Earth's center
Travelling to the Earth's center is a popular theme in science fiction. Some subterranean fiction involves traveling to the Earth's center and finding either a hollow Earth or Earth's molten core.  Planetary scientist David J. Stevenson suggested sending a probe to the core as a thought experiment. Humans have drilled over 12 kilometers (about 8 miles) in the Sakhalin-I project. In terms of depth below the surface, the Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 retains the world record at 12,262 metres (40,230 ft) in 1989 and still is the deepest artificial point on Earth.

Hollow Earth
The Hollow Earth is a concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space. Notably suggested in the late 17th century by Edmond Halley, the notion was later disproven, first tentatively by Pierre Bouguer in 1740, then definitively by Charles Hutton in his Schiehallion experiment around 1774.

It was still occasionally defended through the mid-19th century, notably by John Cleves Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis.

The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as a premise for subterranean fiction, a subgenre of adventure fiction. Hollow Earth also recurs in conspiracy theories and the cryptoterrestrial hypothesis and is often said to be inhabited by mythological figures or political leaders.
Álvaro Salvadores
Álvaro Salvadores Salvi (born 12 October 1928 in Chile – died 13 April 2002 in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia) was a Chilean-Spaniard basketball player who competed at the 1950 FIBA World Championship in the Spain national team, and at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the Chile men's national team. Salvadores was also Chile's ambassador to Colombia, from 1986 to 1988. One of his younger brothers, Luis Salvadores, was a basketball player.

1950 FIBA World Championship
The 1950 FIBA World Championship, also called the 1st World Basketball Championship – 1950, was the inaugural edition of the World Cup basketball tournament for men's national teams. It was held by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA), from 22 October to 3 November 1950. Argentina hosted the competition at Luna Park in Buenos Aires, where ten nations participated in the event.

Argentina claimed the gold medal, by beating the United States 64–50 in the decisive game of the final round. After winning the tournament, Argentinian fans celebrated by burning newspapers which became known as the "Night of the Torches".
Ohio State Route 85
State Route 85 (SR 85, OH 85) is an east–west state highway in the northeastern Ohio. The western terminus of SR 85 is in the center of Andover where it intersects U.S. Route 6 (US 6) and SR 7.  Its eastern terminus is just over 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east of Andover at the Pennsylvania state line in the middle of the causeway across the Pymatuning Reservoir, where Pennsylvania Route 285 (PA 285) continues east.

The shortest of three state routes that lie completely within Ashtabula County, the current SR 85 is a fraction of the route it was when first designated in the mid-1920s, when it ran from Euclid to the Pennsylvania state line.  When US 6 was designated in Ohio in the early 1930s, SR 85 was at first co-signed with the U.S. highway from Euclid to Andover, but by the late 1930s, the SR 85 shields were removed from this stretch of roadway, leaving just the stretch of highway that exists today.

Pennsylvania Route 285
Pennsylvania Route 285 (PA 285) is an 27.1-mile-long (43.6 km), east–west state highway located in Crawford County in Pennsylvania, United States.  The western terminus is the Ohio state line on Lake Pymatuning, where the road becomes Ohio State Route 85 (SR 85).  The eastern terminus is at PA 173 in Cochranton.
Veyil (2006 film)
Veyil (transl. Sunshine) is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by G. Vasanthabalan. The film stars Bharath, Pasupathy, Bhavana, Sriya Reddy and Priyanka. The music was composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar with cinematography by R. Madhi and editing by Mathan Gunadeva.

Veyil was released on 17 December 2006 and was a commercial success. It is the first Tamil film screened at Cannes as part of the 2007 Cannes Film Festival in the 'Tous les Cinemas du Monde' section. The film was remade in Bangladeshi Bengali as Antor Jala (2017).

G. Vasanthabalan
G. Vasanthabalan (credited as G. Vasanta Balan) is an Indian Tamil film director and screenwriter. He has made critically acclaimed films including Veyil (2006), Angadi Theru (2010) and Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014).
Freddie Waits
Frederick Douglas Waits (April 27, 1943 – November 18, 1989) was an American hard bop and post-bop drummer.

Waits never officially recorded as leader, but was a prominent member and composer in Max Roach's M'Boom percussion ensemble. He worked as sideman with such pianists as McCoy Tyner, Kenny Barron, Andrew Hill, Gene Harris, Billy Taylor and Joe Zawinul. In 1967, Waits recorded with Freddie Hubbard. He was a member of the last Lee Morgan Quintet, an association ended by Morgan's murder in 1972.

In the late 1970s, Waits formed Colloquium III with fellow drummers Horace Arnold and Billy Hart. In the 1980s he became a music faculty member of Rutgers University. He died of pneumonia and kidney failure in New York in 1989.

His son is the drummer Nasheet Waits.

Lee Morgan
Edward Lee Morgan (July 10, 1938 – February 19, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. One of the key hard bop musicians of the 1960s and a cornerstone of the Blue Note label, Morgan came to prominence in his late teens, recording with bandleaders like John Coltrane, Curtis Fuller, Dizzy Gillespie, Hank Mobley and Wayne Shorter, and playing in Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers.

Morgan stayed with Blakey until 1961 and started to record as leader in the late '50s. Morgan's solo recordings often alternated between conventional hard bop sessions and more adventurous post-bop and avant-garde experiments, many of which did not see release during his lifetime. His composition "The Sidewinder", on the album of the same name, became a surprise crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts in 1964. After a second stint in Blakey's band, Morgan continued to work prolifically as both a leader and a sideman until his death in 1972.
Savage Season
Savage Season is a 1990 crime novel by American author Joe R. Lansdale.  It is the first in a series of books and stories written by Lansdale featuring the characters Hap Collins and Leonard Pine.  The novel was nominated for a Bram Stoker Award for Best (Mystery) Novel of 1990.

Hap and Leonard
Hap and Leonard are two fictional amateur investigators and adventurers created by American author Joe R. Lansdale. They are the main characters in a series of twelve novels, four novellas, and three collections of stories and excerpts. They are two very different men and the best of friends, and now work together as private investigators for Hap's girlfriend Brett Sawyer. Together they always wind up in a lot of trouble with various criminal types in the fictional town of LaBorde, in East Texas and often find themselves attempting to solve various unpleasant and brutal crimes. Both men are well versed in the martial arts. The novels were adapted into a 2016–2018 TV series, produced by SundanceTV. The duo were partially inspired by The Hardman series by the late Ralph Dennis.
Transverse Mercator projection
The transverse Mercator map projection (TM, TMP) is an adaptation of the standard Mercator projection. The transverse version is widely used in national and international mapping systems around the world, including the Universal Transverse Mercator. When paired with a suitable geodetic datum, the transverse Mercator delivers high accuracy in zones less than a few degrees in east-west extent.

Transverse Mercator: Redfearn series
Transverse Mercator projection has many implementations. Louis Krüger in 1912 developed one of his two implementations that expressed as a power series in the longitude difference from the central meridian. These series were recalculated by Lee in 1946, by  Redfearn in 1948, and  by Thomas  in 1952. They are often referred to as the Redfearn series, or the Thomas series. This implementation is of great importance since it is widely used in the U.S. State Plane Coordinate System, in national (Great Britain, Ireland  and many others) and also international mapping systems, including the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (UTM). They are also incorporated into the Geotrans coordinate converter made available by the United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. When paired with a suitable geodetic datum, the series deliver high accuracy in zones less than a few degrees in east-west extent.
Mayiladuthurai Junction railway station
Mayiladuthurai Junction (station code: MV) is a major railway station located in Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is managed by the Tiruchirappalli railway division of the Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Classified as an NSG–3 and "A++" category station, it has five platforms and serves as a junction for multiple rail routes in the region. The station supports 12 originating, 12 terminating, and approximately 66 train services daily.

Thanjavur Junction railway station
Thanjavur Junction (station code: TJ) is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Tiruchirappalli railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a junction railway station in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and serves Thanjavur, earlier known as Tanjore.
Colt House Revolver
The Colt House Revolver (also called, in its alternate 4-round capacity model, the Cloverleaf) was one of the first metallic cartridge rear-loading revolvers to be produced by the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company, in 1871. The same year, Colt's also patented the Colt Open Top, another metallic cartridge rear-loader, but in fact the Open Top production did not start until 1872, although a pocket version of the Open Top, a completely different design, went on sales as of 1871, the Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver.

The Colt House Revolver was manufactured from 1871 to 1876 in two different models: the Colt House Model itself and the Colt Cloverleaf Model, the latter being the most produced of both. The House Model is also known among collectors as the Jim Fisk model or the Jim Fisk pistol, since it attained the infamy of being the gun used in the murder of James Fisk in January 1872.

James Fisk (financier)
James Fisk Jr. (April 1, 1835 – January 7, 1872), known variously as "Big Jim", "Diamond Jim", and "Jubilee Jim" – was an American stockbroker and corporate executive who has been referred to as one of the "robber barons" of the Gilded Age. Though Fisk was admired by the working class of New York and the Erie Railroad, he achieved much ill-fame for his role in Black Friday in 1869, where he and his partner Jay Gould befriended the unsuspecting President Ulysses S. Grant in an attempt to use the President's good name in a scheme to corner the gold market in New York City. On January 7, 1872, Fisk was assassinated in New York City by his former mistress's new lover, who was trying to blackmail him.
Central series
In mathematics, especially in the fields of group theory and Lie theory, a central series is a kind of normal series of subgroups or Lie subalgebras, expressing the idea that the commutator is nearly trivial. For groups, the existence of a central series means it is a nilpotent group; for matrix rings (considered as Lie algebras), it means that in some basis the ring consists entirely of upper triangular matrices with constant diagonal.

This article uses the language of group theory; analogous terms are used for Lie algebras.

A general group possesses a lower central series and upper central series (also called the descending central series and ascending central series, respectively), but these are central series in the strict sense (terminating in the trivial subgroup) if and only if the group is nilpotent. A related but distinct construction is the derived series, which terminates in the trivial subgroup whenever the group is solvable.

Commutator subgroup
In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, the commutator subgroup or derived subgroup of a group is the subgroup generated by all the commutators of the group.

The commutator subgroup is important because it is the smallest normal subgroup such that the quotient group of the original group by this subgroup is abelian. In other words,  is abelian if and only if  contains the commutator subgroup of . So in some sense it provides a measure of how far the group is from being abelian; the larger the commutator subgroup is, the "less abelian" the group is.
Bobby Blood
Robert Blood (18 March 1894 – 12 August 1988) was an English footballer who played as a centre-forward and was noted for his powerful strikes.

He played non-League football for various teams based around Buxton. He served in the Army for three years during World War I before he started his professional career after signing for Port Vale in November 1919. He scored 44 goals in 53 Second Division games and earned himself a £4,750 move to West Bromwich Albion in February 1921. He scored 26 goals in 53 First Division games before moving on to Stockport County for a £3,000 fee in December 1924. Three years later, he signed for non-League Winsford United, later turning out for Mossley, Ashton National and Buxton.

Ashton National F.C.
Ashton National Football Club was an English football club from Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire which played in the Cheshire County League in the 1920s and 1930s. They were sometimes also known as Ashton National Gas due to their connections with the National Gas and Oil Engine Company based in the town.
The Man-eaters of Tsavo
The Man-eaters of Tsavo is a semi-autobiographical book written by Anglo-Irish military officer and hunter John Henry Patterson. Published in 1907, it recounts his experiences in East Africa while supervising the construction of a railroad bridge over the Tsavo river in Kenya, in 1898. It is titled after a pair of man-eating lions that terrorized the undertaking for nine months until they were shot by Patterson. His recounting of this incident projected him to fame, and it remains the subject of debate to this day. It has also been the basis of numerous films, the best known being The Ghost and the Darkness (1996), starring Val Kilmer and Michael Douglas.

The Ghost and the Darkness
The Ghost and the Darkness is a 1996 American historical adventure film  directed by Stephen Hopkins and starring Val Kilmer and Michael Douglas. The screenplay, written by William Goldman, is a fictionalized account of the Tsavo man-eaters, a pair of lions that terrorized workers in and around Tsavo, Kenya during the building of the Uganda-Mombasa Railway in East Africa in 1898.

The film received mixed reviews and grossed $75 million against a production budget of $55 million. It won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing for supervising sound editor Bruce Stambler.
Central Military District (Sweden)
59°23.136′N 17°0.619′E﻿ / ﻿59.385600°N 17.010317°E﻿ / 59.385600; 17.010317

The Central Military District (Swedish: Mellersta militärdistriktet, MD M) was a military district within the Swedish Armed Forces from 2000 to 2005. Its staff was located in Strängnäs, Sweden. The military district included Stockholm, Uppsala, Södermanland, Östergötland, Värmland, Örebro, Västmanland, Dalarna and Gävleborg counties.

Middle Military District
Middle Military District (Swedish: Mellersta militärområdet, Milo M) was a Swedish military district, a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Middle Sweden, for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of Östergötland, Södermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Västmanland, Örebro, Värmland, Kopparberg (now Dalarna County) and Gävleborg. The headquarters of Milo M were located in Strängnäs.
Swayamprabhasuri
Swayamprabhasuri or Svayamprabhasuri was a Śvetāmbara Jain ascetic and the 5th successor in the lineage of the monastic heads of the Chaturvidha Sangha's (transl. four-fold congregation) Upkeśa Gaccha. He succeeded Keśiśramanācharya and is believed to have existed in 6th–5th century BC. He is known for establishing the Śrīmali and Porvāl clans.

Śvetāmbara
The Śvetāmbara (/ʃwɛˈtʌmbərə/; also spelled Shwetambara, Shvetambara, Svetambara or Swetambara) is one of the two main branches of Jainism, the other being the Digambara. Śvetāmbara in Sanskrit means "white-clad", and refers to its ascetics' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the Digambara or "sky-clad" Jains whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvetāmbaras do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.

The Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions have had historical differences ranging from their dress code, their temples and iconography, attitude towards Jain nuns, their legends and the texts they consider as important. Śvetāmbara Jain communities are currently found mainly in Gujarat, Rajasthan and coastal regions of Maharashtra. According to Jeffery D. Long, a scholar of Hindu and Jain studies, about four-fifths of all Jains in India are Śvetāmbaras.
By-Line: Ernest Hemingway
By-Line: Ernest Hemingway is a 1967 collection of 77 of the articles that Ernest Hemingway wrote as a journalist between 1920 and 1956. The collection was edited by William White, a professor of English literature and journalism at Wayne State University, and a regular contributor to The Hemingway Review. By-Line: Ernest Hemingway has been translated into fourteen languages and made The New York Times Best Seller list.

William White (academic)
William White (September 4, 1910 – June 24, 1995) was an American journalist, writer, educator and literary historian. He was professor of Journalism and American Studies at Wayne State University from 1947 to 1980, and set up and chaired the journalism program at Oakland University.
He edited collections of the works of Walt Whitman, A. E. Housman, and Ernest Hemingway, and wrote over forty books and thousands of articles. In 1969, he was reputed to own the world's largest collection of books published by Hemingway.
Boyana Lake
Boyana Lake is an artificial lake in Vitosha mountain near the capital of Bulgaria - Sofia. It is located 1.5 km Southeast from Sofia's Boyana neighborhood.

Initially the boyana lake was a pond. It was later transformed into a lake with the establishment of the Vitosha aqueduct over Sofia in 1906. In the Vitosha lake you can find true toads from the family Bufonidae, true frogs from the family Ranidae, and Northern crested newts, a type of Salamandridae. The lake has an area of approximately 2000 square meters, and is located at 1027 meters altitude above sea level.

Boyana
42°38′41″N 23°15′58″E﻿ / ﻿42.64472°N 23.26611°E﻿ / 42.64472; 23.26611

Boyana (Bulgarian: Бояна [boˈjanɐ]) is a neighbourhood of the Bulgarian capital of Sofia, part of Vitosha municipality and situated 8 km south of the city centre, in the outskirts of Vitosha. Boyana is one of the most expensive parts of Sofia to live in. The residents are primarily wealthy business people, government officials, and other prominent members of Bulgarian society. Formerly an outlying village, it was incorporated into Sofia in 1961.
Sulukule
Sulukule (literally: "Water tower") is a historic quarter in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It is within the area of Istanbul’s historic peninsula, adjacent to the western part of the city walls. The area has historically been occupied by Romani communities. Roma presence in this part of Istanbul dates back to Byzantine times, when upon Ottoman conquest in the 15th century, that the quarter became (reportedly) the first district in the world permanently settled by sedentary Romani people in Turkey.

Sulukule was notable for its entertainment houses, where the Romani performed music and dance to the visitors from in and outside Istanbul. The closure of these entertainment houses in 1992 precipitated serious socio-economic decline in the area.

Romani people in Turkey
The Romani people in Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye'deki Romanlar) are a Romani subgroup in the Republic of Türkiye. The majority are Sunni Muslims, mostly of Sufi orientation. The majority speak Turkish as their first language and have adopted Turkish culture. Many have denied their Romani background over the centuries in order to become more accepted by the host population. They are primarily concentrated in western Turkey, particularly in East Thrace (European Turkey).

Their official name in Turkey has been Romanlar since 1996. They are also called Şopar ("Gypsy kid") in Rumelian Romani dialect, and Manuş ("Human") or Çingene ("Gypsy") in Turkish, while once in Ottoman Turkish they were named Cingân ("Gypsy"), Kıptî ("Copts") and Mısırlı ("Egyptians"). As Gastarbeiter some Turkish Roma came to Germany and Austria and other European countries and fully assimilated in Turkish European communities.

There are an estimated 500,000–2,000,000 Romani people in Turkey.
KN-62
KN-62 is a derivative of isoquinolinesulfonamide, it is a selective, specific and cell permeable inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase type II (CaMK II) with IC50 of 900nM, charactered by hydrophobicity. KN-62 also potently inhibits the purinergic receptor P2X7.

P2RX7
P2X purinoceptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX7 gene.

The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. Multiple alternatively spliced variants which would encode different isoforms have been identified although some fit nonsense-mediated decay criteria.

The receptor is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in microglia, in macrophages, in uterine endometrium, and in the retina. The P2X7 receptor also serves as a pattern recognition receptor for extracellular ATP-mediated apoptotic cell death, regulation of receptor trafficking, mast cell degranulation, and inflammation. Regarding inflammation, P2X7 receptor induces the NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells and leads to interleukin-1beta release.