hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Strümpell's sign
Strümpell's sign is a clinical sign in which the patient's attempt to flex the knee against resistance elicits an extensor plantar reflex. It is found in patients with pyramidal tract lesions, and is one of a number of Babinski-like responses.

The sign is named after Adolf Strümpell.

Plantar reflex
The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms.  In healthy adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion).

An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants.

While first described in the medical literature by Babinski in 1896, the reflex has been identified in art at least as early as Botticelli's Virgin and Child with an Angel, painted in the mid-15th century.
Lake Makgadikgadi
Lake Makgadikgadi (Setswana: Letsha la Makgadikgadi, [lɪt͜sʰa la makχʰadiˈkχʰaːdi]) was a paleolake that existed in what is now the Kalahari Desert in Botswana from 2,000,000 years BP to 10,000 years BP.  It may have once covered  an area of from 80,000 to 275,000 km2 (30,888 to 106,178 sq mi) and was 30 metres (98 ft) deep. The Okavango, Upper Zambezi, and Cuando rivers once all emptied into the lake. Its remains are seen in the Makgadikgadi salt pans, one of the largest salt pans in the world.

DNA research suggests (though this remains a matter of controversy) that the lake region is the homeland of Homo sapiens, where humans first evolved as a distinct species about 200,000 years ago, before expanding to other parts of Africa about 70,000 years later.

Okavango River
The Okavango River (formerly spelt Okovango or Okovanggo),  is a river in southwest Africa. It is known by this name in Botswana,  and as Cubango in Angola, and Kavango in Namibia. It is the fourth-longest river system in southern Africa, running southeastward for 1,600 km (1,000 mi). It begins at an elevation of 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) in the sandy highlands of Angola. Farther south, it forms part of the border between Angola and Namibia, and then flows into Botswana. The Okavango does not have an outlet to the sea. Instead, it discharges into the Okavango Delta or Okavango Alluvial Fan, in an endorheic basin in the Kalahari Desert. The Cuito River is a major tributary.
Aboriginal Memorial
The Aboriginal Memorial is a work of contemporary Indigenous Australian art from the late 1980s, and comprises 200 decorated hollow log coffins (also known as memorial poles, dupun, ḻarrakitj and other terms). It was conceived by Djon (John) Mundine in 1987–88 and realised by 43 artists from Ramingining and neighbouring communities of Central Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory. Artists who participated in its creation included David Malangi and George Milpurrurru.

The work was created to coincide with the Australian Bicentenary and commemorates those Indigenous Australians who died as a result of European settlement. It was acquired by the National Gallery of Australia, where it is on permanent display. Its first exhibition was at the Sydney Biennale in 1988, and it was the centrepiece of an exhibition of Indigenous art at Russia's Hermitage Museum in 2000.

Djon Mundine
Djon Mundine OAM (born 1951) is an Aboriginal Australian artist, curator, activist and writer. He is a member of the Bundjalung people of northern New South Wales. He is known for having conceived the 1988 work Aboriginal Memorial, on display at the National Gallery of Art in Canberra.
Tracheoinnominate fistula
Tracheoinnominate fistula (TIAF or TIF) is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the innominate artery (brachiocephalic trunk or brachiocephalic artery) and the trachea.  A TIF is a rare but life-threatening iatrogenic injury, usually the sequela of a tracheotomy.

Tracheotomy
Tracheotomy (/ˌtreɪkiˈɒtəmi/, UK also /ˌtræki-/), or tracheostomy, is a surgical airway management procedure which consists of making an incision on the front of the neck to open a direct airway to the trachea. The resulting stoma (hole) can serve independently as an airway or as a site for a tracheal tube (or tracheostomy tube) to be inserted; this tube allows a person to breathe without the use of the nose or mouth.
Craugastor laticeps
Craugastor laticeps (common name: broad-headed rainfrog, and many variations) is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae.
It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and southern Mexico.

Craugastor laticeps occurs in leaf-litter in lowland and premontane tropical forest. It tolerates moderate habitat alteration and can be found in cacao and coffee plantations. There are some threats to this species due to habitat loss.

Craugastoridae
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.
First Austrian Republic
The First Austrian Republic (German: Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the authoritarian Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland Front in 1934. The Republic's constitution was enacted on 1 October 1920 and amended on 7 December 1929. The republican period was increasingly marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War of 1934.

Federal State of Austria
The Federal State of Austria (Austrian German: Bundesstaat Österreich; colloquially known as the "Ständestaat") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the conservative, nationalist, corporatist and Catholic Fatherland Front. The Ständestaat concept, derived from the notion of Stände ("estates" or "corporations"), was advocated by leading regime politicians such as Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. The result was a authoritarian government based on a mix of Italian Fascist and conservative Catholic influences.

It ended in March 1938 with the Anschluss, the German annexation of Austria. Austria would not become an independent country again until 1955, when the Austrian State Treaty ended the Allied occupation of Austria.
Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.

Adana Province
Adana Province (Turkish: Adana ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey located in central Cilicia. The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana, home to 78.25% of the residents of the province. Its area is 13,844 km2, and its population is 2,274,106 (2022). It is also closely associated with other Cilician provinces of Mersin, Osmaniye, and (northern) Hatay.
Trinity (My Dying Bride album)
Trinity is the second compilation album by English doom metal band My Dying Bride. The album combines tracks from previously released EPs. This compilation CD also has two different versions of the front cover. The American release version has a different cover to the version released in the rest of the world. In 2004 the CD was re-released and given an extra 2 tracks taken from the band's first demo, "Towards the Sinister".

"Trinity" is the first of four My Dying Bride compilation albums, followed by 2000's "Meisterwerk 1" and "Meisterwerk 2"  and 2005's "Anti-Diluvian Chronicles".

My Dying Bride
My Dying Bride are an English doom metal band formed in Bradford. Since their inception in 1990, they have released 15 studio albums, five EPs, one demo, one box set, four compilation albums, one live album, and one live CD/DVD release.

Along with Anathema and Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride were a forerunner of the death doom metal and gothic metal genres during the early 1990s. These bands comprise "The Peaceville Three" as all were signed to Peaceville Records at the time.
Glue code
In computer programming, glue code is code that allows components to interoperate that otherwise are incompatible. The adapter pattern describes glue code as a software design pattern.

Glue code describes language bindings or foreign function interfaces such as the Java Native Interface (JNI).

Glue code may be written to access existing libraries, map objects to a database using object-relational mapping, or integrate commercial off-the-shelf programs.

Glue code may be written in the same language as the code it is gluing together, or in a separate glue language.

Glue code can be key to rapid prototyping.

Scripting language
In computing, a script is a relatively short and simple set of instructions that typically automate an otherwise manual process. The act of writing a script is called scripting. A scripting language or script language is a programming language that is used for scripting.

Originally, scripting was limited to automating shells in operating systems, and languages were relatively simple. Today, scripting is more pervasive and some scripting languages include modern features that allow them to be used to develop application software also.
Lafayette County, Florida
Lafayette County is a county located in the north central portion of the state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,226, making it the second-least populous county in Florida. The county seat is Mayo. Lafayette County is a prohibition or partially dry county, allowing retail sales of beer.

Madison County, Florida
Madison County is a county located in the north central portion of the state of Florida, and borders the state of Georgia to the north. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,968. Its county seat is also called Madison.
Kulap Vilaysack
Kulap Tukta Vilaysack (/ˈkuːlɑːp vɪˈlaɪsɑːk/ KOO-lahp vil-EYE-sahk) is an American actress, comedian, writer, director, and showrunner. She co-hosts the Add To Cart podcast with SuChin Pak on Lemonada Media. She was the co-host of the Who Charted? podcast on the Earwolf network from 2010 until 2018.

Earwolf
Earwolf is an American comedy podcasting network founded by Scott Aukerman and Jeff Ullrich in August 2010. Initially built around the Comedy Death-Ray Radio podcast, the network has since grown to include many podcasts on diverse subjects. The Earwolf studios are in Los Angeles, California, United States.

In November 2014, Earwolf launched a sister network, Wolfpop, led by Paul Scheer. In March 2016, most of Wolfpop's programs were merged into Earwolf.

Howl was a podcasting app launched in 2015 by Midroll Media, whose premium version featured the entire back catalogue of Earwolf podcasts, along with several comedy specials and many limited-run podcasts. Howl was discontinued in 2019, with its programming made available on Stitcher Premium.
Air Accident Investigation Unit
The Air Accident Investigation Unit (AAIU) (Irish: An tAonad um Imscrúdú Aerthionóiscí) is part of the Department of Transport of Ireland, and is responsible for the investigation of aircraft accidents and serious incidents within Ireland, and Irish-registered aircraft outside the jurisdiction.

The unit's head offices are at the Department of Transport buildings on Leeson Lane in Dublin. It was previously located at Transport House in Dublin.

Department of Transport (Ireland)
The Department of Transport (Irish: An Roinn Iompair) is a department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for transport policy and overseeing transport services and infrastructure. The department is led by the Minister for Transport.
Surya Vamsam (1997 film)
Surya Vamsam (transl. Solar dynasty) is a 1997 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Vikraman. The film stars R. Sarathkumar and Devayani, with Radhika, Manivannan, Priya Raman, Nizhalgal Ravi, Tharini, Ajay Ratnam, Jai Ganesh, Shiva and Anandaraj in supporting roles. It revolves around a traditional father and his illiterate son, following their tense relationship and shows how the strict patriarchy causes a drift between them.

Surya Vamsam was released on 27 June 1997 and emerged one of the most successful Tamil films of the year. The film won six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Vikraman) and Best Actress (Devayani), while Sarathkumar won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil. It was remade into Telugu as Suryavamsam (1998), in Hindi as Sooryavansham (1999), in Kannada as Suryavamsha (1999) and in Bhojpuri as Dulha Milal Dildar (2005).

R. Sarathkumar
Ramanathan Sarathkumar (born 14 July 1954) is an Indian actor, politician and former bodybuilder who works predominantly in Tamil cinema in addition to Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. He has acted in more than 150 films and won two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards South.

Originally a bodybuilder and later journalist, in 1986, Sarathkumar started his acting career in the Telugu film Samajamlo Sthree. He first acted in negative roles, and later played supporting roles before establishing himself as a lead actor in subsequent years, earning him the titles Super Hero and Supreme Star in Tamil cinema.

In 2007, he launched a new political party All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi (AISMK) in Tamil Nadu, claiming to carry out the ideals of K. Kamaraj. He is the former Member of Legislative Assembly of Tenkasi constituency. He served as the president of the Nadigar Sangam from 2006 to 2015 for three consecutive terms.
Marko Varalahti
Marko Varalahti is a former strongman competitor from Finland who is best known for competing in the 1995 World's Strongest Man competition, finishing in 3rd place. Varalahti also won Finland's Strongest Man in 1995.

1995 World's Strongest Man
The 1995 World's Strongest Man was the 18th edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Magnus Ver Magnusson from Iceland, it was his second consecutive and third overall title. Gerrit Badenhorst from South Africa finished second after finishing fourth the previous year, and Marko Varalahti from Finland finished third. The contest was held in Nassau, Bahamas.
R. Rohmingliana
R. Rohmingliana (born 1972) is an Indian politician from Mizoram. He won the 2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election on MNF ticket from Thorang constituency which is reserved for ST community in Lunglei district. He defeated sitting MLA Zodintluanga Ralte of Indian National Congress by a margin of 62 votes.

Thorang Assembly constituency
Thorang is one of the 40 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram state in India.

It is part of Lunglei district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2023, it is represented by R. Rohmingliana of the Mizo National Front party.
U.S. Route 95 Alternate (Schurz–Fernley, Nevada)
In the U.S. state of Nevada, U.S. Route 95 Alternate (US 95 Alt., sometimes referred to as US 95A) is an alternate route of U.S. Route 95 located in the western part of the state. It connects Schurz to Interstate 80 via the cities of Yerington and Fernley.

The highway is one of three routes in Nevada that has existed as US 95 Alt.

U.S. Route 50 Alternate (Nevada)
In the U.S. state of Nevada, U.S. Route 50 Alternate (US 50 Alt., sometimes referred to as US 50A) is an east–west alternate route of U.S. Route 50. The highway splits from US 50 in Silver Springs, heading north to Fernley and then southeast to rejoin US 50 in Leeteville Junction west of Fallon. Over the years, the route has held several numerical highway designations.
Taliaferro County, Georgia
Taliaferro County (/ˈtɒlɪvər/ TOL-iv-ər) is a county located in East central Piedmont region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,559, down from the 2010 census when the population was 1,717, making it the least populous county in Georgia and the second least populous county east of the Mississippi River (after Issaquena County, Mississippi). The county seat is Crawfordville.

Hancock County, Georgia
Hancock County is a county located in the East Central part of the  U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,735. The county seat is Sparta. The county was created on December 17, 1793, and named for John Hancock, a Founding Father of the American Revolution.
Elsecar Heritage Railway
The Elsecar Heritage Railway (EHR) was located on the southern part of the former South Yorkshire Railway freight-only branch which ran from Elsecar Junction on its Mexborough to Barnsley Line.

The Elsecar Heritage Railway operated an out and back tourist train ride on a 1 mile (1.6 km) section of the branch using steam and diesel locomotives, previously running between Rockingham station (at the back of the Elsecar Heritage Centre) and Hemingfield Basin. The railway was operated using a variety of different preserved rolling stock.

The EHR had planned to eventually operate the line into Cortonwood, with a new halt at Hemingfield, doubling the length of the line to two miles (3.2 km).

Elsecar Heritage Centre
Elsecar Heritage Centre is a visitor attraction centre in Elsecar, Barnsley, England. Operated by Barnsley Museums, it has independent shops, studios, galleries and cafes in former Victorian engineering workshops. It also has a large antiques centre. A visitor centre and regular tours share the unique history of the village, an industrial estate village of ironworks and collieries, built for the Earls Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse. Elsecar is now recognised to be of international significance, one of the UK's first model villages and a precursor to places like Saltaire.

Close to the heritage centre, at the Elsecar New Colliery, is a Newcomen steam engine, the only such engine still in its original location and now understood to be the world's oldest steam engine still in situ.
Kaduru
Kaduru, also known as Kadur, is a town in the district and a taluk in Chikmagalur district, in Karnataka. It lies 13.5486° N, 76.0084° E, in the Rain shadow  region of Western Ghats  in the Malenadu  region. Kadur is also well known for its Areca nut and Coconut production.

It is the second largest town in the district and also the former capital of Kadur district (Cuddoor district). The capital was moved to Chikmagalur in 1865, but the district name remained. Later in 1947, the district was renamed as Chikmagalur district.

Chikmagalur district
Chikmagalur district, officially Chikkamagaluru district (IPA: [t͡ʃikːɐmɐɡɐɭuːru]) is an administrative district in the Malnad subregion of Karnataka, India. It was called Kadur (Cuddoor) district till 1947. Coffee was first cultivated in India in Chikmagalur. The hills of Chikmagalur are parts of the Western Ghats and the source of Tunga and Bhadra rivers. Mullayanagiri, the highest peak in Karnataka is located in the district. The area is well known for the Sringeri Mutt that houses the Dakshina Peeta established by Adi Shankaracharya.
Glendale Power House
The Glendale Power House is a historic power station on the Housatonic River, just off Massachusetts Route 183 in Stockbridge, Massachusetts.  The 1905 power house, built for the Monument Mills, was one of the first places in the United States where electricity was generated for the purpose of providing power to an industrial facility.  The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.  The facility has been rehabilitated and converted into modernized hydroelectric power generation plant.

Monument Mills
Monument Mills are historic textile mills at Park and Front Streets in the Housatonic village of Great Barrington, Massachusetts.  Developed beginning in the mid-19th century, they were a major American producer of jacquard fabrics, operating until 1955.  The mill complexes were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  Today, some parts of the complex houses artists and small businesses.
LaPhonso Ellis
LaPhonso Darnell Ellis (born May 5, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player and college basketball analyst. He played for 11 years in the National Basketball Association after starring at Notre Dame. He worked as a broadcaster for ESPN from 2009 to 2023 and now works for the Big Ten Network and Fox and FS1.

Fox College Hoops
Fox College Hoops (also known as Fox CBB, or Fox Primetime Hoops for Saturday primetime games and Fox College Basketball Friday for Friday primetime games) is the branding used for Fox Sports broadcasts of college basketball for Fox, FS1 and FS2. Formally college basketball telecasts have also been carried by the Fox Sports Networks (FSN) and FX in the past (sometimes generically under the title College Hoops), the Fox College Hoops branding was introduced in 1994.

Games on Fox and FS1 include rights to the Big East, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West as well as the early-season Fort Myers Tip-Off, Las Vegas Invitational, Crossroads Classic and Las Vegas Classic.
Yulee, Florida
Yulee is a census-designated place (CDP) located within Nassau County, Florida, in the United States. Its population at the 2020 United States Census was 14,195, up from 11,491 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jacksonville metropolitan statistical area. Yulee is a residential bedroom community for individuals commuting to Jacksonville, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, and various locations in Southeast Georgia.

Yulee is located within a 15-mile radius of Amelia Island, Jacksonville International Airport, Florida State College at Jacksonville's Nassau Center, White Oak Conservation, Florida Fish and Nassau Wildlife Management Area, Four Creeks State Forest, Yulee Branch Library, Nassau County Sheriff's Office Headquarters, and the Florida Welcome Center situated along Interstate 95 in Florida. The Yulee CDP is provided regional services by the Jacksonville Transportation Authority.

Jacksonville Transportation Authority
The Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA) is the independent agency responsible for public transit in the city of Jacksonville, Florida, and roadway infrastructure that connects northeast Florida. However, they do not maintain any roadways. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 7,501,200, or about 24,000 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2025.
Steve Pritko
Stephen Pritko (December 21, 1920 – June 6, 2015) was an American professional football player and coach. He played professionally as an end for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New York Giants (1943), Cleveland / Los Angeles Rams (1944–1947), Boston Yanks (1948), New York Bulldogs (1949), and Green Bay Packers (1949–1950). Pritko served as the head football coach at Los Angeles City College (LACC) from 1955 to 1962.

Cleveland Rams
The Cleveland Rams were a professional American football team that played in Cleveland from 1936 to 1945. The Rams competed in the second American Football League (AFL) for the 1936 season and the National Football League (NFL) from 1937 to 1945, winning the NFL championship in 1945, before moving to Los Angeles in 1946 to become the first of only two professional football champions to play the following season in another city.

The move of the team to Los Angeles helped to jump-start the reintegration of pro football by African American players and opened up the West Coast to professional sports. After being based in Los Angeles for 49 years, the Rams franchise moved again after the 1994 NFL season to St. Louis where the franchise stayed for 21 seasons before moving back to Los Angeles after the 2015 NFL season.