hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerd U. Auffarth
Gerd Uwe Auffarth (MD, FEBO) (born 28 July 1964) is a German eye surgeon and is Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Heidelberg University Eye Hospital and Head of the David J. Apple Center for Vision Research which includes the David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology.

Heidelberg University Eye Clinic
The Heidelberg University Eye Hospital (Augenklinik in German) is one of twelve hospitals or clinics that make up the Heidelberg University Hospital. It is one of the most renowned and oldest Eye Hospitals in the Federal Republic of Germany with a lineage of ophthalmic surgeons of international standing. Located in the Kopfklinik on the Im Neuenheimerfeld Campus of the University of Heidelberg, it was prior to that in the city's Bergheim district. 2018 represents 150 years since the appointment of the first professorial chair in ophthalmology and the first building of the University Hospital Eye Clinic. One of the most famous alumni of the Heidelberg Eye Hospital was Dr José Rizal, (1861–1896), the Filipino martyr and national hero.
Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the northeast, Chelyabinsk Oblast to the east, Orenburg Oblast to the south, Tatarstan to the west and Udmurtia to the northwest. It covers 143,600 square kilometres (55,400 square miles). It is the seventh-most populous federal subject in Russia and the most populous republic. Its capital and largest city is Ufa. As of 2025, it has a population of 4,046,094.

Bashkortostan was established on 28 November [O.S. 15 November] 1917. On 20 March 1919, it was transformed into the Bashkir ASSR, the first autonomous republic in the Russian SFSR. On 11 October 1990, it adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. In the Constitution of Bashkortostan and Constitution of Russia, Bashkortostan is defined as a state.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
EMP2 platform
The EMP2 (Efficient Modular Platform) is a modular car platform which is jointly developed and used by French car manufacturer PSA Group (merged into Stellantis since 2021) for compact and mid-size cars with front wheel drive or four wheel drive and transverse engine. It replaces the PF2 and PF3 platforms in one combined modular platform, and cost PSA €630 million to develop.

PSA PF2 platform
The PF2 Platform is an automobile platform developed by engineers of the French automotive group PSA Peugeot Citroën. The platform is designed for medium cars with front wheel drive or four wheel drive coupled with electric engine and transverse engine. The first application using the PF2 platform is the 2001 Peugeot 307.

The platform is being phased out from 2013 with the replacement PSA EMP2 platform, which merges the PF2 and PF3 platforms into one new modular system.
Kohi Mero
Kohi Mero is a 2010 Nepali film directed by Alok Nembang under the banner of Movies.com. This romantic drama marks the comeback of Jharana Bajracharya and stars Aryan Sigdel, Sanchita Luitel and introduces Subash Thapa in lead roles.

Aaryan Sigdell
Harish Sigdel (born 5 August 1981), better known as Aaryan Sigdell (Nepali: आर्यन सिग्देल, Listenⓘ), is a Nepalese film actor known for his work in Nepali Cinema. He is known for his wide range of roles.

Aaryan Sigdel debuted in Kismat in 2007 and then played the lead role in the romantic-drama Mero Euta Saathi Chha as a young royal spoilt brat. The film was inspired by the Korean hit A Millionaire's First Love. His portrayal of Jay Shamsher Junga Bahadur Rana was highly appreciated and generated a fan base for him, and he has seen ups and downs in his career.
Bévilard
Bévilard (Frainc-Comtou: Bévlaîd) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet merged to form the new municipality of Valbirse.

Malleray
Malleray is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet merged to form the new municipality of Valbirse.
U.S. Route 70 in Tennessee
U.S. Route 70 (US 70) enters the state of Tennessee from Arkansas via the Memphis & Arkansas Bridge in Memphis, and runs west to east across 21 counties in all three Grand Divisions of Tennessee, with a total length of 478.48 miles (770.04 km), to end at the North Carolina state line in eastern Cocke County. Along the route, US 70 is accompanied with various U.S. and state highways, including those in three of the state's four major cities (e.g. Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville).

Tennessee State Route 24
State Route 24 (SR 24) is an unsigned west–east state highway in Tennessee, as it coincides with U.S. Route 70 (and U.S. Route 70 Business in Lebanon) and U.S. Route 70N for its entire duration from Nashville to Crossville. The road begins in western Nashville (junction of Memphis–Bristol Highway and Charlotte Pike) and ends in Crossville (junction of West Avenue and Sparta Highway). It runs alongside Interstate 40 for its entire length.

There are no "Tennessee 24" signs along the route, although the designation can be seen on the route's mile markers.
Torreya taxifolia
Torreya taxifolia, commonly known as Florida torreya or stinking-cedar, but also sometimes as Florida nutmeg or gopher wood, is an endangered subcanopy tree of the yew family, Taxaceae. It is native to only a small glacial refugium in the southeastern United States, at the state border region of northern Florida and southwestern Georgia.

Glacial refugium
A glacial refugium (plural glacial refugia) is a geographic region which made possible the survival of flora and fauna during ice ages and allowed for post-glacial re-colonization. Different types of glacial refugia can be distinguished, namely nunatak, peripheral, and lowland. Glacial refugia have been suggested as a major cause of floral and faunal distribution patterns in both temperate and tropical latitudes. With respect to disjunct populations of modern-day species, especially in birds, doubt has been cast on the validity of such inferences, as much of the differentiation between populations observed today may have occurred before or after their restriction to refugia. In contrast, isolated geographic locales that host one or more critically endangered species (regarded as paleoendemics or glacial relicts) are generally uncontested as bona fide glacial refugia.
Aleosteus
Aleosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish of the Early Devonian period. The type species Aleosteus eganensis was described in 2000, and was found in the Late Emsian strate of the Sevy Dolomite Formation, in the Egan Range of east-central Nevada, USA. Almost complete fossils belong to juvenile and adult specimens and show a short and broad skull, posteriorly concave.

Arthrodira
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of placoderms.
Plattsburgh, Ohio
Plattsburgh (also spelled "Plattsburg") is an unincorporated community in central Harmony Township, Clark County, Ohio, United States. It is located along State Route 54 near the headwaters of the North Fork Little Miami River.

Plattsburgh is part of the Springfield, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Clark County, Ohio
Clark County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 136,001. Its county seat and largest city is Springfield. The county was created on March 1, 1818, and was named for General George Rogers Clark, a hero of the American Revolution. Clark County comprises the Springfield, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Dayton-Springfield-Sidney-OH Combined Statistical Area.
North Karnataka
North Karnataka (Transliteration: Uttara Karnataka),  is a geographical region in Deccan Plateau from 300 to 730 metres (980 to 2,400 ft) elevation that constitutes the north region of the Karnataka state in India and the region consists of 14 districts. It is drained by the Krishna River and its tributaries the Bhima, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra. North Karnataka lies within the Deccan thorn scrub forests ecoregion, which extends north into eastern Maharashtra.

North Karnataka consists of total 13 districts and comprises the regions known as (Kalyan-Karnataka) – Kalaburagi division  and (Kittur-Karnataka) – Belagavi division. It includes districts of Bagalkote, Bijapur, Gadag, Dharwad, Haveri, Belagavi, Bellary, Bidar, Kalaburagi, Koppal, Raichur, Vijayanagara, Yadgir.

Kalaburagi district
Kalaburagi district, formerly known as Gulbarga district, is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka state in southern India. Kalaburagi city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is the headquarters of Kalaburagi division.

This district is situated in north Karnataka between 76°.04' and 77°.42 east longitude, and 17°.12' and 17°.46' north latitude, covering an area of 10,951 km2. This district is bounded on the west by Bijapur district and Solapur district of Maharashtra state, on the north by Bidar district and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra state, on the south by Yadgir district, and on the east by Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts of Telangana state.
Big Tech (India)
Big Tech in India, also known as the Indian IT Giants, are the largest companies in the Indian information technology industry. The definition primarily includes Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, HCLTech, and Wipro, along with one or both of Cognizant and Tech Mahindra. They are referred to in the media as "Big Six" or "Big Five", and with acronyms such as TWITCH and WITCH.

The companies are among the dominant players in the global delivery model, providing IT consulting, outsourcing and offshore software development to Fortune Global 500 corporations and government entities. All six companies feature among the 20 largest employers in India. Five of them are part of the NIFTY 50 benchmark index of most valuable publicly listed companies, while the sixth, Cognizant, is part of the Nasdaq-100.

Wipro
Wipro Limited (/ˈwɪproʊ/ ⓘ) is an Indian multinational technology company based in Bengaluru. It provides information technology, consulting and business process services, and is one of India's Big Six IT services companies. Wipro's services include cloud computing, computer security, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, robotics, data analytics, and other technologies.
Holdfast (tool)
A holdfast or hold fast is a form of temporary clamp used to hold a workpiece firmly to the top or side of a wooden workbench or the top of an anvil.

A form of bench dog, a traditional holdfast has either a curved or flat top. Its shank is slid loosely into a “dog” hole in the bench or anvil until the tip of its hook touches the work. It is set by hitting its top with a mallet or hammer, which causes the shaft to wedge tightly against the sides of the hole. A tap of its back side near the top releases it.

Contemporary holdfasts are commonly designed to fit in 3⁄4 inch (19 mm) holes, somewhat narrower than had been traditional. Scrap pieces of wood or leather are often used between the holdfast and the workpiece to prevent marring it.

An adaptation of the holdfast is threaded, sometimes known as a “screwdown”, which is tightened rather than tapped in place.

Clamp (tool)
A clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure. In the United Kingdom the term cramp is often used instead when the tool is for temporary use for positioning components during construction and woodworking; thus a G cramp or a sash clamp but a wheel clamp or a surgical clamp.

There are many types of clamps available for many different purposes. Some are temporary, as used to position components while fixing them together, others are intended to be permanent. In the field of animal husbandry, using a clamp to attach an animal to a stationary object is known as "rounded clamping." A physical clamp of this type is also used to refer to an obscure investment banking term, "fund clamps." Anything that performs the action of clamping may be called a clamp, so this gives rise to a wide variety of terms across many fields.
Liam Fox (footballer)
Liam Fox (born 2 February 1984) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player, who currently manages USL Championship club Sporting JAX.

Fox, who played as a midfielder, began his playing career with Heart of Midlothian, from where he was loaned to Crusaders in Northern Ireland. After a spell with Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Fox played for Livingston between 2006 and 2013, making over 200 appearances. He then played for Raith Rovers before returning to Hearts as a coach.

From 2016 to 2017, Fox was head coach of Scottish League Two club Cowdenbeath. He rejoined Hearts as a first team coach, and left in September 2020. After stints as an assistant manager with Livingston and Dundee United, he was appointed United manager in September 2022. He left that position in February 2023.

Sporting Club Jacksonville
Sporting Club Jacksonville, commonly known as Sporting JAX, is an upcoming American professional sports club based in Jacksonville, Florida. The soccer team competes in USL Championship (USLC).

Founded in 2022, the club began playing in 2026.
Arizona's 5th congressional district
Arizona's 5th congressional district is a congressional district located in the U.S. state of Arizona, currently represented by Republican Andy Biggs.

The district contains Gilbert, Queen Creek, southern and eastern Chandler, and eastern Mesa. It is within eastern Maricopa County and northern Pinal County, and includes most of the East Valley. Its representative, Andy Biggs, was elected in November 2016.

Gilbert, Arizona
Gilbert is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Located southeast of Phoenix, Gilbert had a population of 293,630 as of 2023. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in Arizona and is considered a suburb of Phoenix. Gilbert is the most populous incorporated town in the United States and has been described as the “largest town in America.”

Incorporated on July 6, 1920, Gilbert was once known as the "Hay Shipping Capital of the World".
Steele Creek Trail
The Steele Creek Trail is a shared use path for cyclists and pedestrians, which follows Steele Creek in the Outer
North Western suburbs of Keilor Park, Keilor East, Tullamarine, Airport West, Melbourne Airport, Avondale heights, Essendon West and Niddrie in Melbourne.

The trail will make for a useful shortcut between the Western Ring Road Trail in the north and the Maribyrnong River Trail in the south, when the Valley Lake Estate housing development is completed.

Maribyrnong River Trail
The Maribyrnong River Trail is a shared use path for cyclists and pedestrians, which follows the Maribyrnong River through the north western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The path, sometimes along both sides of the river, follows the meandering of the Maribyrnong River through a valley cut in the basaltic plateau in Keilor East at Brimbank Park, then across a floodplain to its entry into the Yarra River at Docklands. The path provides a continuous cycle path (with some road crossings) from the north west suburbs toward Melbourne's CBD.

Combined with the Taylors Creek Trail and the Footscray Road off-road path, this trail makes for an easy ride linking together the City of Brimbank, Docklands and the Melbourne City Centre.
Mawangdui Silk Texts
The Mawangdui Silk Texts (traditional Chinese: 馬王堆帛書; simplified Chinese: 马王堆帛书; pinyin: Mǎwángduī Bóshū) are Chinese philosophical and medical works written on silk which were discovered at the Mawangdui site in Changsha, Hunan, in 1973. They include some of the earliest attested manuscripts of existing texts (such as the I Ching), two copies of the Tao Te Ching, a copy of Zhan Guo Ce, works by Gan De and Shi Shen, and previously unknown medical texts such as Wushi'er Bingfang (Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Ailments). Scholars arranged them into 28 types of silk books. Their approximately 120,000 words cover military strategy, mathematics, cartography, and the six classical arts: ritual, music, archery, horsemanship, writing, and arithmetic.

Mawangdui
Mawangdui (simplified Chinese: 马王堆; traditional Chinese: 馬王堆; pinyin: Mǎwángduī; lit. 'King Ma's Mound') is an archaeological site located in Changsha, China. The site consists of two saddle-shaped hills and contained the tombs of three people from the Changsha Kingdom during the western Han dynasty (206 BC – 9 AD): the Chancellor Li Cang, his wife Xin Zhui, and a male believed to have been their son.  The site was excavated from 1972 to 1974.  Most of the artifacts from Mawangdui are displayed at the Hunan Provincial Museum. It was called "King Ma's Mound" possibly because it was (erroneously) thought to be the tomb of Ma Yin (853–930), a ruler of the Chu kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The original name might have been the similarly-sounding "saddle-shaped mound" (馬鞍堆; mǎ ān duī).
Sangū Line
The Sangū Line (参宮線, Sangū-sen) is a railway line run by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), connecting Taki Station (Taki, Mie) with Toba Station (Toba, Mie) in Japan.

The line connects with the Kisei Main Line at Taki Station. From Taki, the line runs parallel to the Kintetsu Yamada Line and Toba Line. These lines all serve the Ise-Shima tourist region.

The name of the line, "Sangū", was chosen because that word is a kanji abbreviation of a phrase in Japanese that roughly translates to "a pilgrimage to Ise Grand Shrine", and making the pilgrimage to the Shrine easier is exactly why the line was built.

Toba Station
Toba Station (鳥羽駅, Toba-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in the city of Toba, Mie Prefecture. Japan. It is jointly operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway.

Toba Station is served by the JR Sangū Line and is 29.1 rail kilometers from the terminus at the Taki Station. It is also served by the Kintetsu Toba Line and Shima Line, and is located 41.5 rail kilometers from the terminus of that line at Ise-Nakagawa Station.
Žeželj Bridge
Žeželj Bridge (Serbian: Жежељев мост, Žeželjev most) is a tied-arch bridge on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. The bridge was originally built in 1961, and was destroyed during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. The newly constructed bridge was opened in 2018.

Road–Railway Bridge, Novi Sad
The Road–Railway Bridge (Serbian: Друмско-железнички мост, romanized: Drumsko-železnički most) or Boško Perošević Bridge (Serbian: Most Boška Peroševića) was a bridge on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Serbia.
Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.

Bertelsmann
Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, commonly known as Bertelsmann (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁtl̩sˌman] ⓘ), is a German private multinational conglomerate corporation based in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of the world's largest media conglomerates and is also active in the service sector and education.

Bertelsmann was founded as a publishing house by Carl Bertelsmann in 1835. After World War II, Bertelsmann, under the leadership of Reinhard Mohn, went from being a medium-sized enterprise to a major conglomerate, offering not only books but also television, radio, music, magazines and services. Its principal divisions include the RTL Group, Penguin Random House, BMG, Arvato, the Bertelsmann Marketing Services, the Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.

Bertelsmann is an unlisted and capital market-oriented company, which remains primarily controlled by the Mohn family.
Bulbul Ahmed
Bulbul Ahmed (born Tabarruk Ahmed; 4 September 1940 – 15 July 2010) was a Bangladeshi actor and director. He received the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor three times, for his roles in the films Shimana Periye (1977), Badhu Biday (1978), and Shesh Uttar (1980). He also produced the film Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), which won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Film.

Rajlakshmi Srikanta
Rajlakshmi Srikanta (Bengali: রাজলক্ষ্মী শ্রীকান্ত) is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language film released in 1987. The film is directed by Bulbul Ahmed and based on a novel by Saratchandra Chattopadhyay. The screenplay and dialogues of the film were written by Bulbul Ahmed, Mumtazuddin Ahmed and Zahirul Haque. Shabana and Bulbul Ahmed acted in the title roles of the film. Prabir Mitra, Nuton, Razzak and many others acted in other roles. The film won the National Film Award and Bacchus Award in multiple categories including Best Film in 1987.
Thomas Berkeley (died 1488)
Sir Thomas Berkeley of Wymondham, Leicestershire (died 1488) was an English lawyer, soldier and politician.  He represented Leicestershire in Parliament and served as Sheriff for Rutland, Warwickshire and Leicestershire.

Wymondham, Leicestershire
Wymondham (pronounced, phonetically, /ˈwaɪməndˌəm/) is a village in the Borough of Melton in Leicestershire, England. It is part of a civil parish which also covers the nearby hamlet of Edmondthorpe. The parish has a population of 623, increasing to 632 at the 2011 census.   It is close to the county boundaries with Lincolnshire and Rutland, nearby places being Garthorpe, Teigh (in Rutland) and South Witham (in Lincolnshire).