hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zaza–Gorani languages
Zaza and Gorani are two languages ​​belonging to the Northwestern Iranian branch of the Iranian languages. The archaic linguistic features of the two languages ​​have led some researchers to propose that they form a Zaza-Gorani subgroup. The proposed Zaza–Gorani languages are the Zaza languages and the Gorani dialects. Zaza is defined as a macrolanguage and composed of two distinct languages: Southern Zaza and Northern Zaza, spoken in Turkey. The Gorani dialects, on the other hand, consist of Shabaki, Hawrami, Bajelani, Kakayi and Sarli.

They are usually classified as a non-Kurdish branch of the Northwestern Iranian languages. According to some, most of their speakers consider themselves ethnic Kurds. However, many Zazas and Goranis oppose it and emphasize their own identity distinct from Kurds.

Gorani language
Gorani or Gurani (Kurdish: گۆرانی, romanized: Goranî, lit. 'song'), also known by the name of its main dialect, Hawrami (ھەورامی, romanized: Hewramî), is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in small pockets in northeastern Iraq and northwestern Iran.

Gorani is spoken in Iraq and Iran and has four dialects: Bajelani, Hawrami, and Sarli, some sources also include the Shabaki as a dialect of Gorani as well. Of these, Hawrami was the traditional literary language and koiné of Kurds in the historical Ardalan region at the Zagros Mountains, but has since been supplanted by Central Kurdish and Southern Kurdish. Gorani is a literary language for many Kurds.
Sudden stratospheric warming
Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when polar stratospheric temperatures suddenly rise by several degrees (sometimes as much as 50 °C (90 °F)) over the course of a few days. SSW's occur high in the stratosphere, are often associated with Rossby waves and Polar Vortex breakdown and come in varying magnitudes. SSW events are significantly more common in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere.

Rossby wave
Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born American meteorologist Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby in the Earth's atmosphere in 1939. They are observed in the atmospheres and oceans of Earth and other planets, owing to the rotation of Earth or of the planet involved. Atmospheric Rossby waves on Earth are giant meanders in high-altitude winds that have a major influence on weather. These waves are associated with pressure systems and the jet stream (especially around the polar vortices). Oceanic Rossby waves move along the thermocline: the boundary between the warm upper layer and the cold deeper part of the ocean.
WWBT
WWBT (channel 12) is a television station in Richmond, Virginia, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Gray Media alongside Ashland-licensed CW affiliate WUPV (channel 65). The two stations share studios on Midlothian Turnpike (US 60) in Richmond, where WWBT's transmitter is also located.

WRID-LD (RF channel 36) operates as a low-power translator of WWBT's main 12.1 channel. WRID-LD uses virtual channel 12.6 for WWBT's programming.

WWBT is one of only a few stations in the country to have been affiliated with all three of the original major American television networks.

WUPV
WUPV (channel 65) is a television station licensed to Ashland, Virginia, United States, serving the Richmond area as an affiliate of The CW. It is owned by Gray Media alongside NBC affiliate WWBT (channel 12) and WRID-LD (channel 48). The stations share studios on Midlothian Turnpike (US 60) in Richmond, while WUPV's transmitter is located northeast of Richmond in King William County, 1.6 miles (2.6 km) west of Enfield.

Established as a religious TV station in 1990, WZXK joined The WB in 1995 (as WAWB) and switched to UPN in 1997, adopting its present call sign. The result of the switch was to leave The WB without a full-time outlet in Richmond; the network's attempts to build an additional local station were unsuccessful for legal and technical reasons. The station joined The CW on its 2006 launch and today serves as one of two ATSC 3.0 (Next Gen TV) transmitters in central Virginia. The station airs one local newscast from the WWBT newsroom.
My Country, My Country
My Country, My Country is a 2006 documentary film about Iraq under U.S. occupation by the filmmaker Laura Poitras. The film is the first of a trilogy, with the second being The Oath (2010), tells the story of two men whose fateful encounter in 1996 set them on a course of events. The third, Citizenfour (2014), focuses on the NSA's domestic surveillance programs.

The Oath (2010 film)
The Oath is a 2010 documentary film directed by Laura Poitras.  It tells the cross-cut tale of two men, Abu Jandal and Salim Ahmed Hamdan, whose meeting launched them on juxtaposed paths to al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, the September 11 attacks, US military tribunals and the U.S. Supreme Court.  The film is the second of a trilogy, with the first being My Country, My Country (2006), documenting the lives of Iraqi citizens during the U.S. occupation of Iraq. The third, Citizenfour (2014), focuses on the NSA's domestic surveillance programs. The Oath is distributed both theatrically and non-theatrically in the US by New York–based Zeitgeist Films.
Chaupar
Chaupar (IAST: caupaṛ), chopad or chaupad is a cross and circle board game very similar to pachisi, played in India. The board is made of wool or cloth, with wooden pawns and seven cowry shells to be used to determine each player's move, although others distinguish chaupur from pachisi by the use of three four-sided long dice. Variations are played throughout India. It is similar in some ways to Pachisi, Parcheesi and Ludo.

Ludo
Ludo (/ˈljuːdoʊ/; from Latin  ludo '[I] play') is a strategy-based board game for two to four players, in which the players race their four tokens from start to finish according to the rolls of a single die. Ludo shares characteristics with other cross-and-circle games from around the world; these types of games include the pre-Columbian Mesoamerican game Patolli, and the Indian game Pachisi. The game and its variations are popular in many countries and under various names.
Inland Revenue
The Inland Revenue was, until April 2005, a department of the British Government responsible for the collection of direct taxation, including income tax, national insurance contributions, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, corporation tax, petroleum revenue tax and stamp duty. More recently, the Inland Revenue also administered the Tax Credits schemes, whereby monies, such as Working Tax Credit (WTC) and Child Tax Credit (CTC), are paid by the government into a recipient's bank account or as part of their wages. The Inland Revenue was also responsible for the payment of child benefit (from 1999).

The Inland Revenue was merged with HM Customs and Excise to form HM Revenue and Customs which came into existence on 18 April 2005. The current name was promoted by the use of the expression "from Revenue and Customs" in a series of annual radio, and to a lesser extent, television public information broadcasts in the 2000s and 2010s.

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
FC Cartagena B
Fútbol Club Cartagena B is the reserve team of FC Cartagena, a Spanish football team based in Cartagena, in the autonomous community of Murcia. Founded in 2015, it currently plays in Tercera Federación – Group 13, holding home games at Estadio Ciudad Jardín.

FC Cartagena
Fútbol Club Cartagena, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Cartagena, in the Region of Murcia, Spain. Founded in 1995 it currently plays in Primera Federación – Group 2, holding home games at Estadio Cartagonova, with a capacity of 15,105 spectators.

The club is considered to be a continuation of Cartagena CF, founded in 1919.
Stone Old Alleynians F.C.
Stone Old Alleynians Football Club is a community football club based in the town of Stone, Staffordshire, England. The club plays in the Midland League Premier Division. The club is affiliated to the Staffordshire Football Association.

The club holds full, 3-Star Accreditation from The FA and hosts over 70 teams, ranging from U6s to over-70s. It also has a thriving female section, including two open-age women’s teams competing in the Staffordshire Ladies County League.

The Club is traditionally based at Alleyne’s Sports Centre, Oulton Road, Stone, located just 200 yards away from Alleyne’s Academy.

Stone, Staffordshire
Stone is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Stafford in Staffordshire, England. It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Stafford, 7 miles (11 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent and 15 miles (24 km) north of Rugeley. As a notable canal town, Stone is recognised for its rich history, originating from the early Bronze Age and continuing through the Industrial Revolution, with the introduction of the Trent and Mersey Canal shaping the town's development and local industry.

Originally governed as an urban district council and a rural district council, Stone became part of the Borough of Stafford in 1974. Over the years, the town has seen a steady growth in its population, which was recorded as 12,305 in the 1991 census, 14,555 in 2001 and 16,385 in 2011.
OmniVision Technologies
OmniVision Technologies Inc. is an American subsidiary of Chinese semiconductor device and mixed-signal integrated circuit design house OmniVision Group. The company designs and develops digital imaging products for use in mobile phones, laptops, netbooks, webcams, security, entertainment, automotive and medical imaging systems. Headquartered in Santa Clara, California, OmniVision Technologies has offices in the US, Western Europe and Asia.

In 2016, OmniVision was acquired by a consortium of Chinese investors consisting of Hua Capital Management Co., Ltd., CITIC Capital and Goldstone Investment Co., Ltd.

OmniVision Group
OmniVision Integrated Circuits Group, Inc. (OmniVision Group; Chinese: 豪威集团; pinyin: Háowēi jítuán) is a Chinese publicly listed fabless semiconductor company headquartered in Shanghai.

Its primary focus is on research and development for semiconductor design and sale of semiconductor devices.  Its products are applied in the fields of mobile communications, vehicle electronics, Internet of things devices, and security products.

Together with its subsidiaries including OmniVision Technologies (OmniVision), the company does business as OmniVision Group.
Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads
Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads (also spelled Greiffenclau and Vollraths; 1467 – 13 March 1531) was a German clergyman who served as Archbishop and Elector of Trier from 1511 until his death in 1531.

Electorate of Trier
The Electorate of Trier (German: Kurfürstentum Trier or Kurtrier; French: Trèves) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century. It was the temporal possession of the prince-archbishop of Trier (Erzbistum Trier) who was, ex officio, a prince-elector of the empire. The other ecclesiastical electors were the archbishops (in the secular context called simply electors) of Cologne and Mainz.

The capital of the electorate was Trier; from the 16th century onward, the main residence of the Elector was in Koblenz. The electorate was secularized in 1803 in the course of the German mediatisation.

The Elector of Trier, in his capacity as archbishop, also administered the Archdiocese of Trier, whose territory did not correspond to the electorate (see map below).
Qila Rai Pithora
Qila Rai Pithora or Lal Kot (lit. "Rai Pithora's Fort") is a fortified complex in present-day Delhi, which includes the Qutb Minar complex. It was constructed in the reign of Tomar Rajput ruler Anangpal Tomar between c. 1052 - c.1060 CE. It is  termed as the "First city of Delhi". Remains of the fort walls are scattered across South Delhi, visible in present Saket, Mehrauli around Qutb complex, Sanjay Van, Kishangarh and Vasant Kunj areas.

Anangpal Tomar
Anangpal II, popularly known as  Anangpal Tomar, was an Indian ruler from the Tomara dynasty. He is known to have established and populated Delhi in the 11th century. He is often confused with Anangpal I, the founder of Tomar Dynasty of Delhi, who had reigned during the 8th century. He traced the lineage to Chandravanshi Kshatriya kings, namely Arjuna from the epic Mahabharata.
Bella Donna (1934 film)
Bella Donna is a 1934 British drama film directed by Robert Milton and starring Conrad Veidt, Mary Ellis and Cedric Hardwicke.  The film is based on the 1909 novel Bella Donna by Robert Hichens which had previously been made into a 1923 American silent film Bella Donna starring Pola Negri. A further American adaptation Temptation starring Merle Oberon was produced in 1946.

The film's art direction was by James A. Carter. It was made at Twickenham Studios. It is still extant unlike a number of Twickenham's productions from the decade.

Temptation (1946 film)
Temptation is a 1946 American film noir thriller film directed by Irving Pichel and starring Merle Oberon, George Brent, Charles Korvin and Paul Lukas. The film was based on Robert Smythe Hichens's 1909 novel Bella Donna. Other film adaptations of the novel were produced in 1915, 1923 and 1934.
Apple Dot Matrix Printer
The Apple Dot Matrix Printer (often shortened to Apple DMP) is a printer that was manufactured by C. Itoh and sold under the Apple Computer, Inc. label in 1982 for the Apple II series, Lisa, and the Apple III. It was succeeded by the ImageWriter in 1984.

The Apple DMP is the last parallel port printer sold under the Apple label; all subsequent Apple printers (ImageWriter, ImageWriter II, Scribe, LaserWriter, etc.) were serial port printers.

ImageWriter
The ImageWriter is a product line of dot matrix printers formerly manufactured by Apple Computer, Inc., and designed then to be compatible with their entire line of computers.  There were three different models introduced over time, which were popular among Apple II and Mac owners.
Luise Fleck
Luise Fleck, also known as Luise Kolm or Luise Kolm-Fleck, née Louise or Luise Veltée (1 August 1873–15 March 1950), was an Austrian film director, and has been considered the second ever female feature film director in the world, after Alice Guy-Blaché. She is also noted for her long-standing professional partnership and co-direction of films with her spouse Jacob Fleck. Her son from her first marriage, Walter Kolm-Veltée, was also a noted film director. Chronologically, however, the second female feature film director in the world after Alice Guy-Blaché was Ebba Lindkvist, having debuted as a film maker one year before Luise Fleck.

Jacob Fleck
Jacob Fleck (8 November 1881 in Vienna as Jacob Julius Fleck – 19 September 1953, also in Vienna) was an Austrian film director, screenwriter, film producer and cameraman. He is noted for his long-standing professional partnership with his wife Luise Fleck who co-directed his films with him.
Meteor-M No.2
Meteor-M No.2 (also known as Meteor M2) was the second Russian Meteor-M series of polar-orbit weather satellite. It was launched on a Soyuz-2.1b rocket with a Fregat upper stage on 8 July 2014. It was designed to operate for 5 years.

Meteor (satellite)
The Meteor spacecraft are weather observation satellites launched by the Soviet Union and Russia since the Cold War.  The Meteor satellite series was initially developed during the 1960s. The Meteor satellites were designed to monitor atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures, humidity, radiation, sea ice conditions, snow-cover, and clouds. Between 1964 and 1969, a total of eleven Soviet Union Meteor satellites were launched.
Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk
Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal (1 December 1720 – 31 August 1786), was an English peer and politician. He was the son of Henry Charles Howard (d. 10 June 1720) and Mary Aylward (d. 7 October 1747). His grandfather, Charles Howard, was a brother of Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk and Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk and therefore another son of the 15th Earl of Arundel. He married Katherine Brockholes (d. 21 November 1784), daughter of John Brockholes, on 8 November 1739, and succeeded to the title of Duke of Norfolk in 1777 after the death of his cousin Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk.

Charles Howard died on 31 August 1786, at age 65, and was succeeded by his son Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk.

Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk
Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk (15 March 1746 – 16 December 1815), styled Earl of Surrey from 1777 to 1786, was a British nobleman, peer, and politician. He was the son of Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk, and Catherine Brockholes. He was known for actively participating in the Whig party as part of the opposition to King George III. He also spent a considerable amount of his money rebuilding and refurbishing Arundel Castle after inheriting his title and lands.
Christopher Ondaatje
Sir Philip Christopher Ondaatje (/ɒnˈdɑːtʃi/; born 22 February 1933), styled Earl of Rothes, Lord of Leslie and Sheriff of Fife between 2004 and 2024, is a Sri Lankan-born Canadian-English businessman, philanthropist, adventurer, writer and bob-sledding Olympian for Canada. Ondaatje is the older brother of the author Michael Ondaatje and lives in both Chester, Nova Scotia, and the United Kingdom.

Michael Ondaatje
Philip Michael Ondaatje CC FRSL (/ɒnˈdɑːtʃiː/; born 12 September 1943) is a Ceylon-born Canadian poet, fiction writer and essayist.

Ondaatje's literary career began with his poetry: in 1967 he published The Dainty Monsters, and in 1970 the critically acclaimed The Collected Works of Billy the Kid. His novel The English Patient (1992), adapted as a film in 1996, received the Booker Prize in 1992. It later won the Golden Man Booker Prize as the best of the first 51 Booker Prize winners.

Ondaatje has been "fostering new Canadian writing" with two decades' commitment to Coach House Press (ca. 1970–1990). His editorial credits include the journal Brick, and the Long Poem Anthology (1979), among others.
Manabu Namiki
Manabu Namiki (並木 学, Namiki Manabu; born September 13, 1971) is a Japanese video game composer who is primarily known for his work in shoot 'em up games. He has worked at game companies such as Allumer, NMK, Raizing and M2. In October 2002, Namiki, Hitoshi Sakimoto, and Masaharu Iwata founded the music production company Basiscape, whom he worked with until 2011.

Hitoshi Sakimoto
Hitoshi Sakimoto (崎元 仁, Sakimoto Hitoshi; born February 26, 1969) is a Japanese composer and sound producer. He is best known for scoring the video games Final Fantasy Tactics and Final Fantasy XII, though he has composed soundtracks for numerous other games. Sakimoto first played music and video games in elementary school and began composing music professionally in 1988. He worked at the video game company Square from 1998 to 2000, before founding the music and sound production company Basiscape in 2002.
Beiarn Municipality
Beiarn is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. Beiarn is also a part of the Bodø Region, a statistical metropolitan region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Moldjord. Other villages in Beiarn are Høyforsmoen, Trones, and Tverrvika.

The 1,222-square-kilometre (472 sq mi) municipality is the 88th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Beiarn Municipality is the 333rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,062. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Moldjord
Moldjord is the administrative centre of Beiarn Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located along the Beiar River, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the river's mouth at the Beiar Fjord. The village is home to the Beiarn Church, the main church for the municipality. The village has about 150 residents (in 2016).
United Spirits
United Spirits Limited is an Indian alcoholic beverages company, and the world's second-largest spirits company by volume. It is a subsidiary of Diageo, and headquartered at UB Tower in Bangalore, Karnataka. USL exports its products to over 37 countries.

According to the official website of the company, as of March 2013, USL has more than 140 liquor brands, of which 15 brands each sell more than one million cases annually while 3 brands each sell more than 10 million cases annually.

Diageo
Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company headquartered in London, England. It operates from 132 sites in nearly 180 countries. With brands such as Guinness, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff, it is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits, with distilleries producing 40% of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands. Diageo is a publicly traded company listed on both the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, and the New York Stock Exchange as American depositary receipts.
Boot Boys
The Boot Boys was a Norwegian neo-Nazi militant organization from Bøler, a district south in Oslo, with connections to individual groups in Bergen and Kristiansand. Consisting of about 50 members, it was considered one of the most violent neo-Nazi groups in Norway. The organization was founded in 1995 and had an active role for many years. The group was known for having racist, right wing extremist and xenophobic views. When the neo-Nazi community in Bøler was mobilized in the autumn of 2000, about 10–12 young men were in control of a certain area. Right-wing extreme marches were being held in the streets, grafitti of swastikas were sprayed on buildings and a recreational park was being held under occupation. Daniel de Linde was one of the group's leading members. Other members included Joe Erling Jahr and Ole Nicolai Kvisler, who was later convicted of the politically motivated and racist murder of Benjamin Hermansen on 26 January 2001.

Murder of Benjamin Hermansen
Benjamin Hermansen (29 May 1985 – 26 January 2001) was a Norwegian youth whose father was born in Ghana; his mother was Norwegian. He was stabbed to death at Holmlia in Oslo, Norway, just before midnight on 26 January 2001 by members of the neo-Nazi group Boot Boys. Joe Erling Jahr (born 1981) and Ole Nicolai Kvisler (born 1979) were convicted of the murder and sentenced to 16 and 15 years in prison respectively. A third defendant, Veronica Andreassen, was convicted on a lesser charge of abetting bodily harm causing death and sentenced to three years in prison.
The murder was treated as a racially motivated attack, while other terrorism experts have seen it as a politically motivated attack, citing right-wing extremism.