hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung
The uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung were Nazi Party paramilitary ranks and uniforms used by SA stormtroopers from 1921 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945. The titles and phrases used by the SA were the basis for paramilitary titles used by several other Nazi paramilitary groups, among them the Schutzstaffel (SS). Early SS ranks were identical to the SA, since the SS was originally considered a sub-organisation of the Sturmabteilung.

Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel
The uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel (SS) served to distinguish its Nazi paramilitary ranks between 1925 and 1945 from the ranks of the Wehrmacht (the German armed forces from 1935), the German state, and the Nazi Party.
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn (c. 1604 – c. 1670) was a Catholic Scottish nobleman. He, his wife, his mother, and most of his family were persecuted by the kirk as recusants. Implementing his father's will, he gave his Irish title of Baron Hamilton of Strabane to his younger brother Claud. His younger brothers inherited his father's Irish lands, while he received the Scottish ones, which he squandered away, being deep in debt in his later days.

Claud Hamilton, 2nd Baron Hamilton of Strabane
Claud Hamilton, 2nd Baron Hamilton of Strabane (c. 1605 – 1638) was the founder of the Strabane branch of the Hamiltons. He died relatively young at about 32 and his wife, Jean Gordon, married Sir Phelim O'Neill, one of the leaders of the 1641 rebellion, after his death.
Deception IV: Blood Ties
Deception IV: Blood Ties, known in Japan as Kagero: Dark Side Princess (影牢 ダークサイド・プリンセス), is a strategy game for the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 3 by Tecmo Koei, and a sequel to Kagero II: Dark Illusion within the Deception series. The game was released in 2014 for Japan on 27 February, and the western localization of the game was released in North America on 25 March and Europe on 28 March.

An expanded version titled Deception IV: The Nightmare Princess, known in Japan as Kagero: Another Princess (影牢 ～もう1人のプリンセス～), was released in Japan on March 26, 2015 for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Vita. The Nightmare Princess is the first Deception game to be released on the PlayStation 4; it was also made available in digital format on the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita on the same date. It was released in North America on July 14 and in Europe on July 17.

Deception (video game series)
Deception is a series of console tactical role-playing games created and published by Tecmo for Sony's line of PlayStation consoles. They have an emphasis on passive combat via the use of traps. There are five games in the franchise.
Toyota Corolla Cross
The Toyota Corolla Cross (Japanese: トヨタ・カローラクロス, Hepburn: Toyota Karōra Kurosu) is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2020. Adopting the Corolla nameplate, it is positioned as a more practical and larger alternative to the C-HR and is built on the same TNGA-C (GA-C) platform as the C-HR and E210 series Corolla. By size, the Corolla Cross is positioned between the smaller C-HR and the larger RAV4 in Toyota's global crossover SUV lineup.

It was first unveiled in Thailand in July 2020, along with other Southeast Asian markets and Taiwan in the same year, while its introduction in other markets started in 2021.

The twin model of the Corolla Cross, called the Toyota Frontlander (Chinese: 锋兰达; pinyin: Fēnglándá), is available exclusively in China and was introduced in late 2021.

Toyota C-HR
The Toyota C-HR (Japanese: トヨタ C-HR, Hepburn: Toyota Shīeichiāru) is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Japanese automaker Toyota since 2016. Since 2020, it is positioned between the Yaris Cross and Corolla Cross in Toyota's crossover SUV range.

The first-generation C-HR was available in many regions, including Japan, China, North America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and Australasia, and was produced in four countries. Since the release of the second-generation C-HR in 2023, availability of the C-HR has been limited to Europe and Australia, with production centralised in Turkey. The Corolla Cross, released in 2020, has largely taken over the model's positioning outside Europe.
Roding Valley tube station
Roding Valley is a London Underground station. It is situated in Buckhurst Hill in the Epping Forest district of Essex. The station is on the Hainault loop of the Central line between Chigwell and Woodford stations. However, geographically it is midway between Woodford and Buckhurst Hill stations. The station is located between Station Way and Cherry Tree Rise (off Buckhurst Way). It has been in London fare zone 4 since 2 January 2007.

With around 0.17 million passenger journeys recorded in 2024, Roding Valley is the 267th busiest Underground station and hence the station with the lowest annual patronage.

Hainault Loop
The Hainault Loop, originally opened as the Fairlop Loop, is a 6.5-mile (10.5 km) branch line of the Great Eastern Railway (GER). It once connected Woodford on the Ongar (now Epping) branch to Ilford on the Main Line, with an eastward connection for goods, excursions and stock transfers to Seven Kings. The loop opened to freight on 20 April 1903 and to passengers on 1 May 1903. In 1923, the GER was "grouped" into the London & North Eastern Railway (LNER), who provided passenger services until December 1947. After this date, the route was electrified for London Underground services from both the Woodford and Leytonstone directions (the latter via a pair of new tube tunnels) and the link to Ilford (and, eventually, Seven Kings) closed on the Central line, having been served by Tube trains since 1948 (Woodford and Newbury Park stations being served by December 1947).
Målselv Municipality
Målselv (Northern Sami: Málatvuomi suohkan) is a municipality in Troms county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Moen. The main commercial centre of the municipality is the town of Bardufoss (which includes the neighborhoods of Andselv, Andslimoen, and Heggelia). Other villages in the municipality include Alapmoen, Fossmoen, Holmen, and Skjold.

The 3,324-square-kilometre (1,283 sq mi) municipality is the 11th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Målselv is the 149th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,714. The municipality's population density is 2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.2/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.2% over the previous 10-year period.

Skjold, Troms
Skjold or Øverbygd is a village in Målselv Municipality in Troms county, Norway. Skjold is located at the confluence of the Målselva and Fjellfrøselva rivers, about 30 km (19 mi) east of the town of Bardufoss. The village of Holmen lies just east of Skjold. The 0.91-square-kilometre (220-acre) village has a population (2023) of 243 and a population density of 267 inhabitants per square kilometre (690/sq mi).

The Skjold army base is located just north of the village of Skjold. It is home to the Brigade Nord (lit. 'Northern brigade') of the Norwegian Army.

The village of Skjold was the administrative centre of the old Øverbygd Municipality which existed from 1925 until its dissolution in 1964. The village area is also known as Øverbygd since it was the centre of the old municipality.

View of Øverbygd (c. 1958)

Øverbygd Church
Maxim gun
The Maxim gun is a recoil-operated machine gun invented in 1884 by Hiram Stevens Maxim. It was the first fully automatic machine gun in the world.

The Maxim gun has been called "the weapon most associated with imperial conquest" by historian Martin Gilbert, and was heavily used by colonial powers during the "Scramble for Africa". Afterwards, Maxim guns also saw extensive usage by different armies during the Russo-Japanese War, the First and Second World Wars, as well as in contemporary conflicts.

The Maxim gun was greatly influential in the development of machine guns, and it has multiple variants and derivatives, such as the Vickers, PM M1910 and MG 08. Some are still in service to the present-day, such as in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

MG 08
The MG 08 (German: Maschinengewehr 08, lit. 'Machine gun 08') is a heavy machine gun (HMG) which served as the standard HMG of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was an adaptation of Hiram Maxim's 1884 Maxim gun design, and was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 also saw service during World War II in the infantry divisions of the German Army, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate "fortress" units.

Designated after 1908, the year it was adopted by the Imperial German Army, the MG 08 was a development of the license-made MG 01, which was a slight development of the MG 99 The MG 08's rate of fire depends on the lock assembly used and averages 500 rounds per minute for the Schloss 08 and 600 rounds per minute for the Schloss 16. Additional telescopic sights were also developed and used in large quantities during World War I to enable the MG 08 to be used in long-range direct fire and indirect fire support roles.
Battle of Dushak
The Battle of Dushak (Russian: Битва при Душаке, romanized: Bitwa pri Dushake) occurred in October 1918 as part of the British Malleson Mission during the Russian Civil War. British Indian troops, under the command of Major-General Wilfrid Malleson, engaged Soviet Red Army forces near the town of Dushak in the Transcaspian Region (modern-day Turkmenistan). The battle was a key confrontation in the Allied intervention aimed at halting the spread of Bolshevik influence in Central Asia.

Malleson mission
The Malleson mission or British intervention in Transcaspia was a military action by a small autonomous force of British Indian troops, led by General Wilfrid Malleson, operating against Bolshevik forces over large distances in Transcaspia (modern Turkmenistan) between August 1918 and April 1919, in the context of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War.
Punia (cicada)
Punia is a genus of cicadas in the family Cicadidae endemic to Australia. Members of the genus are called grass pygmies. They are found in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. The genus was considered to be monotypic, only containing P. minima, until the 2020 description of four congeners.

Punia minima
Punia minima is a cicada in the family Cicadidae. It is also known as the pale grass pygmy. It is native to Western Australia and the Northern Territory, Australia. In 2012, P. minima was placed in a monotypic genus, Punia; however, in 2020, four new species were described in the genus.

Punia minima is a very small cicada with a wingspan of only 10–13 mm.
Rachel Perkins
Rachel Perkins (born 1970) is an Indigenous Australian film and television director, producer, and screenwriter. She founded and was co-director of the independent film production company Blackfella Films from 1992 until 2022. Perkins and the company were responsible for producing First Australians (2008), an award-winning documentary series that remains the highest-selling educational title in Australia, and which Perkins regards as her most important work. She directed the films Radiance (1998), One Night the Moon (2001), Bran Nue Dae (2009), the courtroom drama telemovie Mabo (2012), and Jasper Jones (2017). The acclaimed television drama series Redfern Now was made by Blackfella Films, and Perkins directed two episodes as well as the feature-length conclusion to the series, Promise Me (2015).

Perkins is an Arrernte and Kalkadoon woman from Central Australia, who was raised in Canberra. She is the daughter of Aboriginal activist Charles Perkins and his wife Eileen.

Charles Perkins (Aboriginal activist)
Charles Nelson Perkins (16 June 1936 – 19 October 2000), popularly known as Charlie Perkins, was an Aboriginal Australian activist, soccer player, and public administrator. He is often recognized as the first known Indigenous Australian man to graduate from a tertiary institution. Perkins was a prominent figure in the 1965 Freedom Ride, which highlighted racial discrimination in rural Australia, and played a significant role in campaigning for a "yes" vote in the 1967 referendum on Aboriginal rights. He later held various positions within the Australian public service.
Federación Mexicana de Baloncesto
The Federación Mexicana de Baloncesto (FMB), formerly known as the Federación Mexicana de Basquetbol, is a nationwide basketball federation in Mexico. It was established in 1936.

FMB participated in the formation of FIBA Americas, 1975. FMB is not recognized by FIBA, which accepted the ADEMEBA as the national basketball organization for Mexico.

The organization is directed by Agustín Villa.

Asociación Deportiva Mexicana de Básquetbol
The Asociación Deportiva Mexicana de Básquetbol (ADEMEBA) is the governing body of basketball in Mexico. It was established in 2008.

ADEMEBA is recognized by FIBA and has taken the place of the FMB as the national basketball organization for Mexico.

The organization is currently directed by Modesto Robledo.
Ellen Stager
Ellen Butler, Marchioness of Ormonde (née Ellen Sprague Stager; 26 May 1865 – 17 June 1951) was an American heiress and British peeress who was the daughter of General Anson Stager. In 1887 she married Lord Arthur Butler, younger brother of James Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde, who became the 4th Marquess of Ormonde in 1919. Ellen held the title Marchioness of Ormonde from 1919 until her husband's death in 1943. She was the mother of George Butler, 5th Marquess of Ormonde and Arthur Butler, 6th Marquess of Ormonde.

George Butler, 5th Marquess of Ormonde
James George Anson Butler, 5th Marquess of Ormonde (18 April 1890 – 21 June 1949) was the son of James Arthur Wellington Foley Butler, 4th Marquess of Ormonde and American heiress Ellen Stager, daughter of Union General Anson Stager.
Mikoyan PAK DP
PAK DP (Russian: ПАК ДП, short for: Перспективный авиационный комплекс дальнего перехвата, romanized: Perspektivny aviatsionny kompleks dal'nego perekhvata, lit. ''Prospective air complex for long-range interception'') is a Russian programme to develop a stealth interceptor aircraft/heavy fighter under development by Mikoyan to replace the Mikoyan MiG-31 in the Russian Aerospace Forces in mid-2030s. It is often referred to as the Mikoyan MiG-41, because its project code is izdeliye 41 (product 41), but an official designation has not been given, as Russian planes only receive an official designation when they are about to enter service. According to Russian defence analyst Vasily Kashin, the MiG-41 would be considered a 6th generation project.

Mikoyan MiG-31
The Mikoyan MiG-31 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-31; NATO reporting name: Foxhound) is a supersonic interceptor aircraft developed for the Soviet Air Forces by the Mikoyan design bureau as a replacement for the MiG-25 "Foxbat", on which it is based and shares design elements.

The MiG-31 is the fastest known operational combat aircraft, with a top speed around 3,000 km/h (1,600 knots). It continues to be operated by the Russian Aerospace Forces following the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The other operator, the Kazakh Air Defence Forces, retired the type in 2023. The Russian Defence Ministry expects the MiG-31 to remain in service until at least 2030; that was confirmed in 2020 when an announcement was made to extend the service lifetime of the existing airframes from 2,500 to 3,500 hours. The MiG-31K variant carries the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal conventional or nuclear warhead-capable air-launched ballistic missile.
Pennsylvania Route 31
Pennsylvania Route 31 (PA 31) is a 74-mile-long (119 km) state highway located in Western Pennsylvania, paralleling U.S. Route 30 (US 30) and the Pennsylvania Turnpike for most of its length. The designation begins at PA 136 near West Newton and ends at US 30 near Bedford.

Pennsylvania Route 136
Pennsylvania Route 136 (PA 136) is a 40-mile-long (64 km) state highway located in Washington, Allegheny, and Westmoreland counties in Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at US 40 and PA 18 in Washington.  The eastern terminus is at US 30 in Greensburg.

PA 136 was established in September 1964 to replace the stretch of PA 31 from Greensburg to Washington while the section west of Washington was re-designated as PA 844.
Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478)
The Bohemian War (1468–1478) began when the Kingdom of Bohemia was invaded by the king of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus. Matthias invaded with the pretext of returning Bohemia to Catholicism; at the time, it was ruled by the Hussite king, George of Poděbrady. Matthias' invasion was largely successful, leading to his acquisition of the southern and eastern parts of the country. Its core lands however, centered on Prague, were never taken. Ultimately both Matthias and George would proclaim themselves king, though neither ever acquired all the necessary subordinate titles. When George died in 1471, his successor Vladislaus II continued the fight against Matthias. In 1478, the war ended following the treaties of Brno and the Olomouc. Upon Matthias' death in 1490, Vladislaus would succeed him as king of both Hungary and Bohemia.

Peace of Olomouc
The Peace of Olomouc was signed on 2 April 1479 between Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and King Vladislaus II of Bohemia (and Hungary, later), bringing the Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478) to an end. On 21 July 1479 the agreement was ratified during the course of festivities in Olomouc. This treaty, overall, ratified all terms within the Treaty of Brno developed in March 1478 (with slight modifications made by the King of Hungary on 20 September 1478). Based on the terms of the treaty, Vladislaus would cede the territories of Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia to Corvinus. If Matthias perished, then Vladislaus could redeem these lands for 400,000 florins. Moreover, both monarchs would be permitted to utilize the title King of Bohemia. However, only Matthias was required to address the other claimant as the King of Bohemia.
Murong Huang
Murong Huang (Chinese: 慕容皝; 297 – 25 October 348), courtesy name Yuanzhen (元真), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wenming of Former Yan (前燕文明帝), was the founding monarch of the Xianbei-led Former Yan dynasty of China. When he first succeeded his father Murong Hui in 333, he carried the Eastern Jin-bestowed title Duke of Liaodong, but in 337 claimed the title of Prince of Yan, which is traditionally viewed as the founding date of Former Yan. (Emperor Cheng of Jin retroactively recognized Murong Huang's princely title in 341 after much debate among Eastern Jin officials.) After his son Murong Jun completely broke away from the Eastern Jin and claimed the title of emperor in January 353, he was posthumously elevated to imperial status. In the Book of Jin, Murong Huang was described as a strong looking tall man (approximately 1.91 metres (6.3 ft)).

Murong Jun
Murong Jun (Chinese: 慕容儁; 319 – 23 February 360), Xianbei name Helaiba (賀賴跋), courtesy name Xuanying (宣英), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Jingzhao of Former Yan (前燕景昭帝), was the second and penultimate ruler of the Former Yan dynasty of China. He initially held the Eastern Jin-created title of Prince of Yan, but later claimed the title of emperor in 353. During his reign, the state expanded from possessing merely modern-day Liaoning and parts of Hebei to nearly all of the territory north of the Yellow River and some substantial holdings south of the Yellow River. The Book of Jin described Murong Jun as being approximately 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall and having an imposing look.
Metaballs
In computer graphics, metaballs, also known as blobby objects, are organic-looking n-dimensional isosurfaces, characterised by their ability to meld together when in close proximity to create single, contiguous objects.

In solid modelling, polygon meshes are commonly used. In certain instances, however, metaballs are superior. A metaball's "blobby" appearance makes them versatile tools, often used to model organic objects and also to create base meshes for sculpting.

The technique for rendering metaballs was invented by Jim Blinn in the early 1980s to model atom interactions for Carl Sagan's 1980 TV series Cosmos. It is also referred to colloquially as the "jelly effect" in the motion and UX design community, commonly appearing in UI elements such as navigations and buttons. Metaball behavior corresponds to mitosis in cell biology, where chromosomes generate identical copies of themselves through cell division.

Isosurface
An isosurface is a three-dimensional analog of an isoline.  It is a surface that represents points of a constant value (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) within a volume of space; in other words, it is a level set of a continuous function whose domain is 3-space.

The term isoline is also sometimes used for domains of more than 3 dimensions.
Caere
Caere (also Caisra and Cisra) is the Latin name given by the Romans to one of the larger cities of southern Etruria, the modern Cerveteri, approximately 50–60 kilometres north-northwest of Rome. To the Etruscans it was known as Cisra, to the Greeks as Agylla and to the Phoenicians as 𐤊𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤉𐤀 (KYŠRYʼ).

Caere was one of the most important and populous Etruscan city-states, in area 15 times larger than today's town, and only Tarquinia was equal in power at its height around 600 BC. Caere was also one of the cities of the Etruscan League.
Its sea port and monumental sanctuary at Pyrgi was important for overseas trade.
Today, the area of Cerveteri is best known for its Etruscan necropolis and archaeological treasures.

Cerveteri
Cerveteri (Italian: [tʃerˈvɛːteri]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, in the Italian region of Lazio. Known by the ancient Romans as Caere, and previously by the Etruscans as Caisra or Cisra, and as Agylla (or Άγυλλα) by the Greeks, its modern name derives from Caere Vetus (more precisely its locative Caere Veterī) used in the 13th century to distinguish it from Caere Novum (the current town).

It is the site of an ancient Etruscan city, one of the most important Etruscan cities, with an area more than 15 times larger than today's town. The best-known structures on the site form the Banditaccia Necropolis, and comprises all of the most important tumulus tombs and chambers known. Cut out of tufa, most of the tombs echo Greek architecture.

Caere was one of the city-states of the Etruscan League and at its height, around 600 BC, its population was perhaps around 25,000 – 40,000 people.
Blanka Szávay
Blanka Szávay (Hungarian: Szávay Blanka; born 24 October 1993) is a Hungarian former tennis player. She is the younger sister of former professional tennis player Ágnes Szávay. Szávay who won one ITF Circuit doubles tournament in her career, made her first WTA Tour appearance at the 2009 GDF Suez Grand Prix, playing doubles partnering with her sister.

Ágnes Szávay
Ágnes Szávay (Hungarian: Szávay Ágnes, pronounced [ˈsaːvɒi ˈaːɡnɛʃ]; born 29 December 1988) is a former professional tennis player from Hungary. The 2007 WTA Newcomer of the Year achieved her career-high ranking of world No. 13 in April 2008.
Ecgberht of Ripon
Ecgberht (or Egbert, and sometimes referred to as Egbert of Rath Melsigi) (died 729) was an Anglo-Saxon monk of Northumbria. After studying at Lindisfarne and Rath Melsigi, he spent his life travelling among monasteries in northern Britain and around the Irish Sea. He was instrumental in the establishment of Wihtberht's mission to Frisia.

Wihtberht
Wihtberht or Wigbert (May 7, 675 – August 13, 747) born in Wessex around 675, was an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine monk and a missionary and disciple of Boniface who travelled with the latter in Frisia and northern and central Germany to convert the local tribes to Christianity. His feast day is August 13 in the Roman Catholic Church and on April 12th in the Eastern Orthodox Church.