hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Louv
Richard Louv (born 1949) is an American non-fiction author and journalist. He is best known for his seventh book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children From Nature-Deficit Disorder (first published in 2005 by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill), which investigates the relationship of children and the natural world in current and historical contexts. Louv created the term "nature-deficit disorder" to describe possible negative consequences to individual health and the social fabric as children move indoors and away from physical contact with the natural world – particularly unstructured, solitary experience. Louv cites research pointing to attention disorders, obesity, a dampening of creativity and depression as problems associated with a nature-deficient childhood. He amassed information on the subject from practitioners of many disciplines to make his case and is commonly credited with helping to inspire an international movement to reintroduce children to nature.

Last Child in the Woods
Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children From Nature-Deficit Disorder is a 2005 book by author Richard Louv that documents decreased exposure of children to nature in American society and how this "nature-deficit disorder" harms children and society. The author also suggests solutions to the problems he describes.  A revised and expanded edition was published in 2008.
German submarine U-2367
German submarine U-2367 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 20 September 1944, and was laid down on 11 December 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 521. She was launched on 23 February 1945 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Heinrich Schröder on 17 March 1945.

Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote ("electric boats") to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
Atarshumki I
Atarshumki I (also Bar-Guš, Atarsumki, Attar-sumkī) was the King of Bit Agusi in ancient Syria; he was the son of Arames (Hadram, Hadrame; Assyrian: Adramu, Arame). The capital of Bit Agusi at that time was Arpad.

Bit Agusi
Bit Agusi or Bit Agushi (also written Bet Agus) was an ancient Neo-Hittite state of the Arameans in the northern Levant during the Iron Age. The state-kingdom of Bit Agusi was established in the early 9th century BC by Gusi of Yakhan. Bit Agusi included the cities of Nampigi (Nampigu), Arpad in modern Syria, and, in its later history, Aleppo. Arpad was its capital. At its maximum extent, the state-kingdom of Bit Agusi covered the A'zaz area in the north to Hamath in the south.
Jeffrey Chen
Jeffrey Chen (born July 21, 2002) is an American ice dancer.

With current skating partner, Annabelle Morozov, he is the 2024 Lombardia Trophy silver medalist.

With former skating partner, Yahli Pedersen, they were the 2023 JGP Turkey and the 2023 JGP Hungary silver medalists.

With other former skating partner, Katarina Wolfkostin, they were the 2022 Budapest Trophy bronze medalists, the 2021 U.S. junior national champions, the 2021 JGP France champions, the 2021 JGP Slovenia silver medalists, and the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics bronze medalists.

On February 19, 2025, Chen was suspended by the U.S. Center for SafeSport for allegations of misconduct.

Katarina Wolfkostin
Katarina Wolfkostin (born October 9, 2004) is an American ice dancer. Together with her partner Dimitry Tsarevski, she is the 2025 CS Lombardia Trophy bronze medalist.

On the junior level, they are the 2025 World Junior silver medalists, 2024–25 Junior Grand Prix Final silver medalist, the 2024 JGP Poland champions, and the 2024 JGP Czech Republic silver medalists.

With her former partner Jeffrey Chen, Wolfkostin was the 2022 CS Budapest Trophy bronze medalist, the 2021 U.S. junior national champion, the 2021 French JGP champion, the 2021 JGP Slovenia silver medalist, and the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics bronze medalist.  Prior to this, Wolfkostin was the national champion at both the 2018 U.S. Novice Championship and  the 2017 U.S. Intermediate Championship, with Howard Zhao.
Orestes
In Greek mythology, Orestes or Orestis (/ɒˈrɛstiːz/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρέστης [oréstɛːs]) was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and the brother of Electra and Iphigenia. He was also known by the patronymic Agamemnonides (Ἀγαμεμνονίδης), meaning "son of Agamemnon." He is the subject of several Ancient Greek plays and of various myths connected with his madness, revenge, and purification, which retain obscure threads of much older works. In particular Orestes plays a main role in Aeschylus' Oresteia.

Iphigenia
In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (/ɪfɪˈdʒɪ.niə/; Ancient Greek: Ἰφιγένεια, romanized: Iphigéneia, pronounced [iːpʰiɡéneː.a]) was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae.

In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War by hunting and killing one of Artemis's sacred stags. She retaliates by preventing the allied troops from reaching Troy unless Agamemnon kills his eldest daughter, Iphigenia, at Aulis as a human sacrifice. In some versions, Iphigenia dies at Aulis, and in others, Artemis rescues her. In the version where she is saved, she goes to the Taurians and meets her brother Orestes.
Ford Puma (crossover)
The Ford Puma is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured and marketed by Ford since 2019 as a variant of the seventh-generation Fiesta.

Sales started in Europe in 2019, in Australasia in late 2020, and in South Africa from October 2023. In the European market, the Puma is positioned above the EcoSport and below the Kuga (also called Escape outside Europe).

Ford EcoSport
The Ford EcoSport (/ˈɛkoʊspɔːrt/ EK-oh-sport) is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured by Ford between 2003 and 2022.

The first-generation model was developed and built in Brazil by Ford Brazil since 2003, at the Camaçari plant. The second-generation model was launched in 2012, which was assembled in factories in India, Thailand, Russia and Romania. The vehicle entered the European market in 2014 and the North American market in 2018. It was sold in both until its discontinuation after the 2022 model year. Throughout its existence, the EcoSport shared its platform with the Fiesta.
Jean, the Soldier, and Eulalie, the Devil's Daughter
Jean, the Soldier, and Eulalie, the Devil's Daughter (French: La belle Eulalie) is a French fairy tale collected by Achille Millien.

The fable is classed as Aarne-Thompson type 313 (A girl helps the hero to flee) and revolves about a transformation chase, followed by an episode of The Forgotten Bride.  Others of this type include The Water Nixie, The Foundling-Bird, The Master Maid, and The Two Kings' Children.  The motifs contain notable similarities to the legend of Jason and Medea, in the tasks assigned to the hero, and in the help from a woman connected with the villain.

The Master Maid
"The Master Maid" is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in their Norske Folkeeventyr. "Master" indicates "superior, skilled." Jørgen Moe wrote the tale down from the storyteller Anne Godlid in Seljord on a short visit in the autumn of 1842. Andrew Lang translated the tale to English and included it in his The Blue Fairy Book (1889). A later translation was made by George Dasent, in his Popular Tales from the North.

It is Aarne–Thompson type 313. Others of this type include "The Two Kings' Children", "The Water Nixie", "Jean, the Soldier, and Eulalie, the Devil's Daughter", "Nix Nought Nothing", and "Foundling-Bird".  It also includes an episode of The Forgotten Bride.
Princess Maria Carlotta of Parma
Maria Carlotta of Parma (Maria Carlotta Ferdinanda Teresa Anna Giuseppa Giovanna Luisa Vincenza Rosalia; Parma, Italy, 1 September 1777 – Rome, Italy, 6 April 1813) was a Princess of Parma and Infanta of Spain, daughter of Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma and Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. She joined the Dominican Order under the name of Sister Giacinta Domenica.

Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma
Ferdinand I (Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo; 20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla from his father's death on 18 July 1765 until he ceded the duchy to France by the Treaty of Aranjuez on 20 March 1801. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma.
Andrew Gross
Howard Andrew Gross (May 18, 1952 – April 9, 2025) was an American author of thriller novels, including four New York Times bestsellers. He is best known for his collaborations with suspense writer James Patterson. Gross's books feature close family bonds, relationships characterized by loss or betrayal, and a large degree of emotional resonance which generally leads to wider crimes and cover-ups. The books have all been published by William Morrow, an imprint of HarperCollins.

James Patterson
James Brendan Patterson (born March 22, 1947) is an American author. Among his works are the Alex Cross, Michael Bennett, Women's Murder Club, Maximum Ride, Daniel X, NYPD Red, Witch & Wizard, Private and Middle School series, as well as many stand-alone thrillers, non-fiction, and romance novels. Patterson's books have sold more than 425 million copies, and he was the first person to sell one million e-books. In 2016, Patterson topped Forbes's list of highest-paid authors for the third consecutive year, with an income of $95 million. His total income over a decade is estimated at $700 million.

In November 2015, Patterson received the Literarian Award from the National Book Foundation. He has donated millions of dollars in grants and scholarship to various universities, teachers' colleges, independent bookstores, school libraries, and college students to promote literacy.
Dan Klecko
Dan Klecko (born January 12, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle and fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the New England Patriots in the fourth round of the 2003 NFL draft. He played college football for the Temple Owls.

Klecko was also a member of the Indianapolis Colts, Philadelphia Eagles and Atlanta Falcons. He has earned three Super Bowl rings in his career, two with the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX, and one with the Colts in Super Bowl XLI. He is the son of former New York Jets and Hall of Fame defensive lineman Joe Klecko.

Joe Klecko
Joseph Edward Klecko (born October 15, 1953) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the New York Jets. He played college football for the Temple Owls and was a member of the Jets' famed "New York Sack Exchange". Klecko was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2023.
Cheng Yi (Tang dynasty)
Cheng Yi (程异) (died May 21, 819), courtesy name Shiju (師舉), was a Chinese economist and politician of the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. Like colleague Huangfu Bo, he was perceived to have risen to the chancellorship due to his ability to obtain revenues for the emperor, but unlike Huangfu, traditional accounts of his personal character were largely positive.

Huangfu Bo
Huangfu Bo (皇甫鎛) (died 820) was a Chinese economist and politician. He served as an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. He was viewed by traditional historians as a wicked official who pleased Emperor Xianzong by submitting revenues for Emperor Xianzong's personal use and who used machinations to expel his colleagues Pei Du and Cui Qun from the imperial government.
Β-Methyl-2C-B
β-Methyl-2C-B (BMB), also known as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-β-methylphenethylamine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families related to the BOx drugs. It is the β-methyl derivative of 2C-B and a structural isomer of DOB (α-methyl-2C-B), but is less potent than either of these drugs. The drug has around half the potency of 2C-B itself, with effects occurring at a dose of around 20 mg orally and with a duration of approximately 8 hours. Moreover, its effects were described as very different from those of 2C-B and effects typical of 2C-B were said to be largely absent. It has two possible enantiomers but their activity has not been tested separately. BMB was described by Daniel Trachsel in his 2013 book Phenethylamine: Von der Struktur zur Funktion (Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function). It may be a controlled substance in Canada. The drug is not an explicitly controlled substance in the United States.

BOx (psychedelics)
BOx, also known as β-oxygenated- and ring-substituted phenethylamines, are a group of psychedelic and other psychoactive drugs of the phenethylamine family. They have either a hydroxy group or methoxy group at the β position of the alkyl side chain as well as additional substitutions at the 2 through 5 positions of the phenyl ring.

Certain BOx drugs like BOB (β-methoxy-2C-B) have been found to act as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists.

The BOx drugs were described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin, Peyton Jacob III, and Darrell Lemaire in 1985. They were subsequently further described by Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). Additional BOx drugs like BOH-2C-B (BOHB; β-hydroxy-2C-B) and 3C-BOH (β-methoxy-MDA; BOMDA) were later described by Daniel Trachsel in 2013. In addition, BOHB emerged as a novel designer drug.
Clare Hall, Cambridge
Clare Hall is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1966 by Clare College, Clare Hall is a college for advanced study, admitting only postgraduate students alongside postdoctoral researchers and fellows. It was established to serve as an Institute of Advanced Studies and has slowly grown and developed into a full constituent college. It is a registered charity.

Clare Hall is one of the smallest colleges with around 250 graduate students, but around 125 fellows, making it the highest ratio of fellows to students at the University of Cambridge. Notwithstanding its small size, the college is also notable for its high number of Nobel laureate affiliates. Clare Hall maintains many Cambridge traditions, including formal halls and the tutorial system.

Clare College, Cambridge
Clare College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college was founded in 1326 as University Hall, making it the second-oldest surviving college of the University after Peterhouse. It was refounded in 1338 as Clare Hall by an endowment from Elizabeth de Clare, and took on its current name in 1856. Clare is famous for its chapel choir and for its gardens on the Backs (the rear of the colleges that overlook the River Cam). It is a registered charity.
Rex Nemorensis
The rex Nemorensis (Latin, "king of Nemi") was a priest of the goddess Diana at Aricia in Italy, by the shores of Lake Nemi, where she was known as Diana Nemorensis.

The priest was king of the sacred grove by the lake. No one was to break off any branch of a certain sacred oak, except that if a runaway slave did so, he could engage the Rex Nemorensis in mortal combat. If the slave prevailed, he became the next king for as long as he could, in turn, defeat challengers.

The priesthood played a major role in the mythography of James George Frazer in The Golden Bough; his interpretation has exerted a lasting influence.

Diana (mythology)
Diana is a goddess in Roman religion, primarily considered a patroness of the countryside and nature, hunters, wildlife, childbirth, crossroads, the night, and the Moon. She is equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, and absorbed much of Artemis' mythology early in Roman history, including a birth on the island of Delos to parents Jupiter and Latona, and a twin brother, Apollo, though she had an independent origin in Italy.

Diana is revered in modern neopagan religions including Roman neopaganism, Stregheria, and Wicca. In the ancient, medieval, and modern periods, Diana has been considered a triple deity, merged with a goddess of the moon (Luna/Selene) and the underworld (usually Hecate).
Lumnezia
Lumnezia is a valley region and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss of canton of the Grisons. The former municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia. It covers the Val Lumnezia (German: Lugnez), a Swiss high alpine valley. Its upper regions are among the most remote areas in the Swiss Alps. The official language is Romansh.

In 1998, the village of Vrin was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.

Vella
Vella is a village and a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
Orangeburg, New York
Orangeburg is a hamlet and census-designated place, in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Tappan, south of Blauvelt, east of Pearl River and west of Piermont. The population was 4,568 at the 2010 census.

Tappan, New York
Tappan (English pronunciation: /tæˈpæːn/ ⓘ) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Orangetown, New York, United States. It is located northwest of Alpine, New Jersey, north of Northvale, New Jersey and Rockleigh, New Jersey, northeast of Old Tappan, New Jersey, east/southeast of Nauraushaun and Pearl River, south of Orangeburg, southwest of Sparkill, and west of Palisades; Tappan shares a border with each. The population was 6,673, according to the 2020 census.
Tsing Yi South Bridge
Tsing Yi South Bridge (Chinese: 青衣南橋), opened as the Tsing Yi Bridge (Chinese: 青衣大橋) on 28 February 1974, was the first bridge to Tsing Yi, Hong Kong. It spans the Rambler Channel, linking Tsing Yi Island to the former Pillar Island, Kwai Chung. The bridge spans 610 metres (about 2,000 feet) and is 26 metres (85 feet) high. It contributed significantly to the development of Tsing Yi, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s. It is the only bridge across the channel which may be used by cycles (the other bridges are either expressways or have signs prohibiting them) and so is the only route connecting Tsing Yi and the Tsuen Wan/Kwai Chung area for cyclists. The name "Tsing Yi South Bridge" was adopted following the 1987 opening of the second bridge to Tsing Yi, the Tsing Yi North Bridge.

Tsing Yi
Tsing Yi (Chinese: 青衣), sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island, is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours, Tsing Yi Lagoon, Mun Tsai Tong, and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed for new towns.

The island is generally zoned into four quarters: the northeast quarter is a residential area, the southeast quarter is Tsing Yi Town, the southwest holds heavy industry, and the northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and some dockyards and ship building industry. The island is in the northwest of Victoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance.
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra
The Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra (ISEC) is a higher education polytechnic institution of engineering, based in Coimbra, Portugal. It belongs to the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, although with a great level of administrative, financial, and pedagogic autonomy.

Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra
The Polytechnical Institute of Coimbra (IPC - Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra) is a public polytechnic institute of higher education in Coimbra, Portugal. It was created by decree of 1979, but its effective start up was only in 1988 through the creation and union of new and former schools. With an enrollment of 10,197 (2008) students, it is the third  biggest polytechnic institute of Portugal.
Pennsylvania Railroad class D16
Class D16 on the Pennsylvania Railroad was their final development of the 4-4-0 "American" type of steam locomotive.
A total of 429 of these locomotives were built at the PRR's Juniata Shops, spread across five subclasses; some had 80 in (2,030 mm) diameter driving wheels for service in level territory, while others had 68 in (1,730 mm) drivers for mountainous terrain.
In the pre-1895 scheme, these locomotives were second class L.

Construction continued until 1910, and the locomotives, aided by a rebuild program from 1914, remained in service in large numbers until the 1930s, a small number surviving into the 1940s.  One locomotive, #1223, was preserved and is currently on display.

Pennsylvania Railroad 1223
Pennsylvania Railroad No. 1223 is a preserved D16sb class 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive built by the Altoona Works on November 8, 1905 for the Pennsylvania Railroad by their own Altoona Works for passenger service. After being retired from active service in 1950, the locomotive ran excursion trains on the Strasburg Rail Road in Strasburg, Pennsylvania from 1965 to 1989 when it was removed from service requiring firebox repairs. Currently, the locomotive is still on static display at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania outside of Strasburg. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1979.
Harry Readford
Henry Arthur Readford (sometimes spelt Redford) (December 1841 – 12 March 1901), was an Australian stockman,  drover and cattle thief.

Although Readford himself never used, and had never been associated with the moniker, Rolf Boldrewood indicated that the 'Captain Starlight' character, in his 1882–83 novel Robbery Under Arms, was a composite of several infamous people of the era, including Readford and several bushrangers. Readford's 1870 cattle drive was a major story arc in the book.

Drover (Australian)
A drover in Australia is a person, typically an experienced stockman, who moves livestock, usually sheep, cattle, and horses "on the hoof" over long distances. Reasons for droving may include: delivering animals to a new owner's property, taking animals to market, or moving animals during a drought in search of better feed and/or water or in search of a yard to work on the livestock. The drovers who covered very long distances to open up new country were known as "overlanders".
Bexhill West railway station
Bexhill West is a closed station in Bexhill-on-Sea in East Sussex. It was the terminus of the Bexhill West branch of the Hastings Line. It was opened by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway and was operated by the Southern Region of British Railways on closing. The station building still survives as an antiques house. The trackbed and site of the demolished platforms are now occupied by commercial industrial buildings.

Bexhill-on-Sea
Bexhill-on-Sea (often shortened to Bexhill) is a seaside town and civil parish in the Rother District of the East Sussex county of South East England. It is located along the Sussex Coast and between the towns of Hastings and Eastbourne.