hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concentration parameter
In probability theory and statistics, a concentration parameter is a special kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions. Concentration parameters occur in two kinds of distribution: In the Von Mises–Fisher distribution, and in conjunction with distributions whose domain is a probability distribution, such as the symmetric Dirichlet distribution and the Dirichlet process.  The rest of this article focuses on the latter usage.

The larger the value of the concentration parameter, the more evenly distributed is the resulting distribution (the more it tends towards the uniform distribution).  The smaller the value of the concentration parameter, the more sparsely distributed is the resulting distribution, with most values or ranges of values having a probability near zero (in other words, the more it tends towards a distribution concentrated on a single point, the degenerate distribution defined by the Dirac delta function).

Dirichlet distribution
In probability and statistics, the Dirichlet distribution (after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet), often denoted , is a family of continuous multivariate probability distributions parameterized by a vector α of positive reals. It is a multivariate generalization of the beta distribution, hence its alternative name of multivariate beta distribution (MBD).  Dirichlet distributions are commonly used as prior distributions in Bayesian statistics, and in fact, the Dirichlet distribution is the conjugate prior of the categorical distribution and multinomial distribution.

The infinite-dimensional generalization of the Dirichlet distribution is the Dirichlet process.
Daniel Greene (actor)
Daniel Greene, born May 29, 1955, is an American actor, best known for his role as Dwayne Cooley in the television series Falcon Crest, and as Paco Queruak in the 1986 action–sci fi movie Vendetta dal futuro.

Vendetta dal futuro
Vendetta dal futuro (lit. 'Vengeance from the future', also known as Hands of Steel) is an Italian science fiction film directed by Sergio Martino. The film stars Daniel Greene, George Eastman and John Saxon.
Thomas Road Baptist Church
Thomas Road Baptist Church (TRBC) is a Baptist megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia, located on the campus of Liberty University, which it founded and is closely affiliated with. In 2016, a church spokesperson stated they had an average weekly attendance of 9,000. The pastor is Jonathan Falwell, the son of previous Senior Pastor Jerry Falwell and brother of former Liberty University President, Jerry Falwell Jr. In addition to a second campus, Dan River Church, Thomas Road also hosts a Spanish congregation on its main campus. It is affiliated with the Baptist Bible Fellowship International and the Southern Baptist Convention.

Jerry Falwell
Jerry Laymon Falwell (August 11, 1933 – May 15, 2007) was an American Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist. He was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. He founded Lynchburg Christian Academy, later renamed Liberty Christian Academy, in 1967, founded Liberty University in 1971, and co-founded the Moral Majority in 1979.
Boston Harbor, Washington
Boston Harbor is an unincorporated community in Thurston County, Washington. The community is home to the Dofflemyer Point Light, built in 1934 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Thurston County, Washington
Thurston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 294,793. The county seat is Olympia, the state capital.

Thurston County was created out of Lewis County by the government of Oregon Territory on January 12, 1852. At that time, it covered all of the Puget Sound region and the Olympic Peninsula. On December 22 of the same year, Pierce, King, Island, and Jefferson counties were split off from Thurston County. It is named after Samuel R. Thurston, the Oregon Territory's first delegate to Congress. Today, the county includes the southernmost part of the South Puget Sound and areas south along the I-5 corridor.

Thurston County comprises the Olympia–Lacey–Tumwater, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Seattle–Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
From Karkheh to Rhein
From Karkheh to Rhein (Persian: از کرخه تا راین, romanized: Az Karkheh tā Rāīn) is a 1993 Iranian film written and directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia, starring Ali Dehkordi and Homa Rousta.

The film is the first German-Iranian co-production.

Homa Rousta
Homa Rousta (Persian: هما روستا‎; 26 September 1946 – 26 September 2015) was an Iranian film and stage actress. She was the widow of stage director Hamid Samandarian.

She graduated with a degree in theatre from the School of Dramatic Arts in Bucharest. She started her career in 1971. Her most famous performance was in From Karkheh to Rhine (1992), for which she was nominated for the best actress Simorgh at the Fajr Film Festival.

She died of cancer on 26 September 2015 in a hospital in Los Angeles, California, United States. Her body was transferred to Iran and was buried at Behesht Zahra alongside her husband's grave.
Kaukapakapa
Kaukapakapa is a town in the North Island of New Zealand. It is situated in the Rodney ward of the Auckland Region and is around 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Auckland. State Highway 16 passes through the town, connecting it to Helensville about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the south-west, and Araparera about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) to the north. The North Auckland Line also passes through Kaukapakapa. The Kaukapakapa River flows from the town to the Kaipara Harbour to the west.

"Kaukapakapa" is a Māori name meaning "to swim with much splashing".
The town is commonly known to the locals in its shortened form "Kaukap"; it is sometimes abbreviated to KKK.

Kaukapakapa River
The Kaukapakapa River is a river of New Zealand's North Island. It flows west, reaching the southernmost point of the Kaipara Harbour close to the town of Helensville. The small township of Kaukapakapa lies on the banks of the river, some 5 kilometres (3 mi) from its mouth.
Caitríona Balfe
Caitríona Mary Balfe (/kəˈtriːnə ˈbælf/; born 4 October 1979) is an Irish actress, former model, executive producer and director. She began her career as a fashion model in Paris at age 18, working with fashion houses such as Chanel and Louis Vuitton, before transitioning to acting a decade later. Balfe gained early recognition with roles in The Beauty Inside (2012) and H+: The Digital Series (2012–2013), along with appearances in films like Super 8 (2011), Now You See Me (2013), and Escape Plan (2013). Her breakout role was as Claire Fraser in Outlander (2014–), for which she has been nominated for four Golden Globe Awards.

Balfe's notable film credits include Money Monster (2016), Ford v Ferrari (2019), and Belfast (2021). For her performance in Belfast, she received nominations for a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a BAFTA for Best Supporting Actress.

Claire Fraser (character)
Claire Beauchamp (who adopts the surnames Randall, Fraser, and Grey at various times) is a fictional character in the Outlander series of multi-genre novels by American author Diana Gabaldon, and its television adaptation. In the series, Claire is a married World War II nurse visiting Scotland who finds herself transported from 1945 back to 1743. There, she finds adventure, war and romance with the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser. Smart, stubborn, and willful, Claire uses her wits, practical medical skills, and knowledge of the future to survive in the 18th century.

Claire is portrayed by Irish actress Caitríona Balfe in the Starz television series Outlander. Balfe won a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television in 2015 and 2016, and a People's Choice Award for Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress in 2016. She also received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018.
Lok Janshakti Party
The Lok Janshakti Party (LJP, lit. 'People's Manpower Party') was a state political party mainly based in the state of Bihar, India. The party was formed in 2000 when Ram Vilas Paswan split from Janata Dal. The party had a considerable following amongst Dalits in Bihar. The party has split into two parties: Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party and Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas).

Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) (abbr. LJP(RV), lit. 'People's Manpower Party (Ram Vilas)') is an Indian political party formed in 2021 under the leadership of Chirag Paswan. Election Commission of India froze the symbol of erstwhile main Lok Janshakti Party and allotted new name and symbol to both factions. It is now one of two separate factions – the other being the Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party.
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood (also spelt as Daniel Tiger's Neighbourhood in some countries) is a live action/animated educational musical television series. It was created by Angela C. Santomero (who also created Blue's Clues and Super Why!) and produced by Fred Rogers Productions, 9 Story Media Group, and 9 Story USA (formerly Out of the Blue Enterprises). The series debuted on September 3, 2012, on PBS Kids.

It is based on the Neighborhood of Make-Believe from Mister Rogers, the family-oriented television series created and hosted by Rogers that aired from 1968 to 2001.

Angela Santomero
Angela Candace Santomero (born April 26, 1968) is an American television executive producer and co-creator of the Nickelodeon children's television programs Blue's Clues, its spin-off Blue's Room, and its reboot Blue's Clues & You!, as well as the PBS children's shows Super Why!, & Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood, the Amazon series Creative Galaxy, Wishenpoof!, and the Netflix original series Charlie's Colorforms City. Santomero has won a Peabody Award, a 2012 Emmy Award for Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood, two Television Critics Association Awards, and the 2018 World Screen's Kids Trendsetter Award. She has been nominated for more than twenty-five Emmy Awards and numerous Parents' Choice Gold and Silver Awards.
Island of Ireland Peace Park
The Island of Ireland Peace Park and its surrounding park (Irish: Páirc Síochána d'Oileán na hÉireann), also called the Irish Peace Park (Dutch: Iers Vredespark) or Irish Peace Tower in Messines, near Ypres in Flanders, Belgium, is a war memorial to the soldiers of the island of Ireland who died, were wounded or are missing from World War I, during Ireland's involvement in the conflict. The tower memorial is close to the site of the June 1917 battle of Messines Ridge, during which the 16th (Irish) Division fought alongside the 36th (Ulster) Division.

36th (Ulster) Division
The 36th (Ulster) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of Lord Kitchener's New Army, formed in September 1914. Originally called the Ulster Division, it was made up of mainly members of the Ulster Volunteers, who formed thirteen additional battalions for three existing regiments: the Royal Irish Fusiliers, the Royal Irish Rifles and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. The division served from October 1915 on the Western Front as a formation of the British Army during the Great War.

The division's insignia was the Red Hand of Ulster.
Helmut Alt
Helmut Alt (born 1950) is a German computer scientist whose research concerns graph algorithms and computational geometry. He is known for his work on matching geometric shapes, including methods for efficiently computing the Fréchet distance between shapes. He was also the first to use the German phrase "Algorithmische Geometrie" [algorithmic geometry] to refer to computational geometry. He is a professor of computer science at the Free University of Berlin.

Carola Wenk
Carola Wenk (born 1973) is a German-American computer scientist known for her research on algorithms for finding similarities between geometric shapes, such as matching vehicle trajectories to road networks, comparing trajectories with each other using Fréchet distance, or testing similarity for gel electrophoresis data. Her work has also involved biomedical applications of geometric algorithms, including the use of virtual reality to diagnose glaucoma. She is a professor of computer science at Tulane University.
Aidan Thompson
Aidan Thompson (born February 18, 2002) is an American professional ice hockey player for the Rockford IceHogs of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (AHL). He was drafted 90th overall by the Blackhawks in the 2022 NHL entry draft. He played college ice hockey at Denver.

Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey
The Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Denver. They play at Magness Arena in Denver, Colorado. The Pioneers are a member of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC). Previously, they were members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), from its creation in 1959 until 2013.

The Pioneers have won the most all-time NCAA National Hockey Championships with ten (1958, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 2004, 2005, 2017, 2022, 2024). The Pioneers have won 15 regular season conference championships (13 WCHA, 2 NCHC) and 14 conference playoff championships (15 WCHA, 2 NCHC).

Over 80 Pioneers have gone on to play in the National Hockey League, including Keith Magnuson, Kevin Dineen, Matt Carle (2006 Hobey Baker Award winner), Paul Stastny and Troy Terry.
Mark Webster (darts player)
Mark Webster (born 12 August 1983) is a Welsh former professional darts player. Nicknamed Webby and the Spider, he competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Webster is a former BDO World Champion, having won the 2008 World Championship. He switched from the BDO to the PDC and became a full-time professional in 2009, having previously been a fully qualified registered plumber. He now works as an analyst and commentator on Sky Sports and ITV.

2008 BDO World Darts Championship
The 2008 BDO World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2008 Lakeside World Professional Darts Championship) was the 31st World Championship staged by the British Darts Organisation and was held between 5–13 January 2008 at the Lakeside Country Club, Frimley Green, Surrey.

Martin Adams attempted to defend the title that he won at the 14th attempt in 2007 but he lost in the Semi-Finals to Mark Webster. Webster won the World Championship, beating Simon Whitlock 7–5 in the final.

Anastasia Dobromyslova won the Women's World Championship, becoming the first player to beat Trina Gulliver in the World Championship. Gulliver had won all of the previous seven titles.
Kristinn Jörundsson
Kristinn Jörundsson (born 13 October 1950) is an Icelandic former basketball and football player who played for both the Icelandic national basketball team and the Icelandic national football team. He won seven national basketball championships as a member of Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur and one national football championships as a member of Knattspyrnufélagið Fram.

ÍR (men's basketball)
The Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur men's basketball team, commonly known as ÍR, is the men's basketball department of Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur. It is based in Reykjavík, Iceland and was one of the pioneers of basketball in Iceland and one of the founding members of the men's Úrvalsdeild. From 1954 to 1977, the team won fifteen national championships. In 1964, it became the first Icelandic team to compete in a continental competition when it defeated the Collegians from Belfast, 71-17,  in the first round of the 1964–65 FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague).
Port Orange Causeway
The Port Orange Causeway, commonly called the Port Orange Bridge or the Dunlawton Bridge, spans the Halifax River and Intracoastal Waterway in Port Orange, Volusia County, Florida. The bridge carries approximately 29,000 vehicles per day across four lanes of State Road A1A and Dunlawton Avenue.

Port Orange, Florida
Port Orange is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the larger Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach metropolitan area. Port Orange is a principal city in the Fun Coast region of the state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 62,596.

Port Orange was settled by John Milton Hawks, who brought freed African Americans to work at his sawmill after the U.S. Civil War. Esther Hawks established an integrated school in the area. The colony struggled soon after its creation and most colonists left. The area that became known as Freemanville is a legacy of the settlers who stayed in the area.
Hazen Aldrich
Hazen Aldrich (January 10, 1797 – 1873) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. After the death of Joseph Smith, Aldrich went on to lead a small denomination of Latter Day Saints known as the Brewsterites.

Church of Christ (Brewsterite)
The Church of Christ was a schismatic sect from the Latter Day Saint movement that was founded in 1848 by James C. Brewster and Hazen Aldrich. Because of the church's belief that Brewster was a prophet, the group is often called the Brewsterites.
Antti Häkkänen
Antti Edvard Häkkänen (born 16 January 1985) is a Finnish politician from the National Coalition Party. He has served as Minister of Defence since June 2023 in the Orpo cabinet and as Member of Parliament since 2015. Häkkänen served as Minister of Justice in the Sipilä cabinet from 2017 to 2019.

Minister of Defence (Finland)
The Minister of Defence (Finnish: puolustusministeri, Swedish: försvarsminister) is a member of the Finnish Council of State. As the head of the Ministry of Defence, the minister is responsible for the administration of national defence. The ministry is headquartered in Helsinki. The current Minister of Defence is Antti Häkkänen.

From June to November 1918 the post was called Chief of the War Department, and from then until 1922 the post was called the Minister of War.

The President of the Republic is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces. The commander of the military forces is the Chief of Defence.
Mercer County, Ohio
Mercer County is located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,528. Its county seat is Celina. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1824. It is named for Hugh Mercer, an officer in the American Revolutionary War.

Mercer County comprises the Celina, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area

Celina, Ohio
Celina (/səˈlaɪnə/ sə-LY-nə) is a city in Mercer County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,935 at the 2020 census. Located about 58 miles (93 km) northwest of Dayton, Celina is situated on the northwestern shores of Grand Lake St. Marys.
Topanga State Park
Topanga State Park (/təˈpæŋɡə/ ⓘ) is a California state park located in the Santa Monica Mountains, within Los Angeles County, California. It is part of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.

The park is located adjacent to the Topanga neighborhood of Los Angeles. Covering 11,000 acres (4,500 ha), with 36 miles (58 km) of trails and unimproved roads, the park's boundaries stretch from Topanga Canyon to Pacific Palisades and Mulholland Drive. There are more than 60 trail entrances. Topanga State Park is not only the largest park in the Santa Monica Mountains, but it is also considered the largest park located in the limits of a city.

Backbone Trail
The Backbone Trail is a long-distance trail extending 67.79 miles (109.10 km) across the Santa Monica Mountains in the U.S. state of California. Its western terminus is Point Mugu State Park, and its eastern terminus is Will Rogers State Historic Park in Pacific Palisades. The trail is open to hikers throughout its length. Dogs, mountain bicyclists and horseback riders are only allowed on portions of the trail as posted.
Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) was a hyperspectral earth observation sensor that operated on the International Space Station (ISS) from 2009 to 2014.  HICO collected hyperspectral satellite imagery of the Earth's surface from the ISS.

HICO was a pathfinder or proof-of-concept mission for hyperspectral imaging of the oceans, particularly for optically complex coastal waters. The dataset collected by HICO serves as an example dataset for future hyperspectral satellite missions such as PACE.

HICO was mounted directly on the ISS rather than on a separate unmanned satellite platform (i.e., distinct from the MODIS sensor mounted on Aqua and Terra satellites and from SeaWiFS mounted on OrbView-2 aka Seastar satellite).  As such, HICO was tasked to collect images of certain regions in sync with the daytime orbit path of the ISS. Further, its data record may contain some gaps in time for operational tasks on board the ISS such as spacewalks and docking.

Kibō (ISS module)
Kibō (Japanese: きぼう; lit. 'Hope'), also known as the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), is a Japanese science module for the International Space Station (ISS) developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. The third and final components were launched on STS-127.
Limulus clotting enzyme
Limulus clotting enzyme (EC 3.4.21.86, clotting enzyme) is a trypsin-like serine protease that catalyses the following chemical reaction:

Selective cleavage of Arg18-Gly19 and Arg46-Thr47 bonds in coagulogen to form coagulin and fragments

This enzyme is present in the hemocyte granules of horseshoe crabs Limulus and Tachypleus. In the immunity-related clotting pathways of these organisms, it is the final enzyme responsible for the activation of coagulin.

Coagulin
Coagulin is a gel-forming protein of hemolymph that hinders the spread of bacterial and fungal invaders by immobilizing them. It is produced in the coagulogen form before being cleaved into the active form through a serine proteinase cascade. It has been most extensively studied in horseshoe crabs. It has also been produced by other organisms, such as Bacillus coagulans I4 in a plasmid location. In human medicine, coagulation of coagulin is the basis of detection of bacterial endotoxin through the Limulus amebocyte lysate test for parenteral medications.
Dreierles
Dreierles is a three-handed, trick-taking Tarot card game that is popular in the German region of central Baden. It is very old and appears to be a south German cousin of Tapp Tarock, the oldest known 54-card Tarot game. Dreierles is played with Cego cards - the only surviving German Tarot cards still produced. German soldiers fighting with Napoleon almost certainly introduced a Spanish modification to Dreierles that produced Baden's national game of Cego. Its relative simplicity makes it a good introduction to games of the central European Tarot family, usually called Tarock games.

Tarot card games
Tarot games are card games played with tarot packs designed for card play and which have a permanent trump suit alongside the usual four card suits. The games and packs which English-speakers call by the French name tarot are called tarocchi in the original Italian, Tarock in German and similar words in other languages.

Tarot games are increasingly popular in Europe, especially in France where French tarot is the second most popular card game after Belote. In Austria, Tarock games, especially Königrufen, have become widespread and there are several major national and international tournaments each year. Italy, the home of tarot, remains a stronghold. Games of the tarot family are also played in Hungary, Slovenia, Liechtenstein, Czechia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Denmark, south Germany and south Poland.