hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheikh Muftah culture
The Sheikh Muftah culture is attested in the western desert of Egypt and flourished in the 3rd millennium BCE, from about 3200–2000 BCE. They were most likely nomads.

The culture's economy was primarily based on cattle and goat herding. Hunting animals, mainly gazelles, is also attested but seems to be rarer. 
Their pottery was mainly found at different sites near the oases of Dakhla and Kharga. Ceramics imported from the Nile valley are also common.

Dakhla Oasis
Dakhla Oasis or Dakhleh Oasis (Egyptian Arabic: الواحات الداخلة‎ El Waḥat el Daḵla, pronounced [elwæ'ħæ:t edˈdæ:xlæ], "the inner oases"), is one of the seven oases of Egypt's Western Desert. Dakhla Oasis lies in the New Valley Governorate, 350 km (220 mi.) from the Nile and between the oases of Farafra and Kharga. It measures approximately 80 km (50 mi) from east to west and 25 km (16 mi) from north to south.
The Orchestra (app)
The Orchestra is an iPad and iPhone app developed and published by Touch Press in partnership with the Music Sales Group, Esa-Pekka Salonen and the Philharmonia Orchestra. The app features performances of eight works representing three centuries of symphonic music. It allows real-time selection of multiple video and audio tracks, along with an automatically synchronized score and graphical note-by-note visualization of each piece as it is played. The result is an immersive environment for exploring the music and every instrument in the orchestra. The app was chosen as Editors’ Choice in the App Store (iOS), and critics praised its scope and design. It was recently included in Apple’s “Your Verse” campaign, a global promotional campaign for the iPad featuring Esa-Pekka Salonen.

Esa-Pekka Salonen
Esa-Pekka Salonen (pronounced [ˈesɑˌpekːɑ ˈsɑlonen] ⓘ; born 30 June 1958) is a Finnish conductor and composer. He is the principal conductor designate of Orchestre de Paris and creative director designate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He is also conductor laureate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Philharmonia Orchestra in London and the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. He was music director of the San Francisco Symphony from 2020 to 2025.
Camp Manitou
Camp Manitou is a summer camp, year-round outdoor recreation facility, the location of TNYF Training, and a non-profit charitable organization located in Headingley, Manitoba, Canada, just outside Winnipeg. It is operated by the True North Youth Foundation, a subsidiary of True North Sports & Entertainment.

Camp Manitou was founded in 1930 by a group of six service clubs in Winnipeg: Rotary, Cosmopolitan, Kiwanis, Kinsmen, Optimist, and the YMCA, with the Lions Club joining in 1953. It was incorporated as a non-profit charitable organization in 1949 with the mission to provide a camping experience for underprivileged/at-risk children and youth.

Rural Municipality of Headingley
Headingley (sometimes incorrectly spelled Headingly) is a rural municipality in Manitoba, Canada. It is located directly west of Winnipeg and had a population of 3,579 people as of the 2016 census.

The Trans-Canada Highway and the Assiniboine River run through the municipality. The unincorporated community of Headingley is situated within the municipality along Manitoba Provincial Road 334 near the Trans-Canada Highway.

The municipality takes its name from the suburb of Headingley in the city of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England.
Pilatus PC-24
The Pilatus PC-24 is a light business jet produced by Pilatus Aircraft of Switzerland.
Following the success of the PC-12 single engine turboprop, work on the twin engine jet began in 2007 for greater range and speed, keeping the rough-field capability.
The aircraft was introduced on 21 May 2013 and rolled out on 1 August 2014, with the maiden flight on 11 May 2015. The PC-24 received EASA and FAA type certification on 7 December 2017 and the first customer delivery was on 7 February 2018.
Powered by two Williams FJ44 turbofans, it competes with the Embraer Phenom 300 and the Cessna Citation CJ4.

Williams FJ44
The Williams FJ44 is a family of small, two-spool, turbofan engines produced by Williams International for the light business jet market. Until the recent boom in the very light jet market, the FJ44 was one of the smallest turbofans available for civilian applications.  Although a Williams design, Rolls-Royce was brought into the project at an early stage to design, develop, and manufacture an air-cooled high-pressure (HP) turbine for the engine. The FJ44 first flew on July 12, 1988 on the Scaled Composites/Beechcraft Triumph aircraft.

The Williams FJ33 is a newer, smaller engine based on the basic FJ44 design.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji
Mount Fuji is an active volcano which is the tallest peak in Japan. The latest eruption of Mount Fuji was triggered by an earthquake in 1707.
The mountain as it appears now is known as the "New Fuji volcano", which began to erupt about 10,000 years ago. Under the "New Fuji volcano" lies the "Old Fuji volcano", which was active between 100,000 years ago and 10,000 years ago, and the "Komitake volcano", which became active 700,000 years ago.

Hōei eruption
The Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji started on December 16, 1707 (during the Hōei era, 23rd day of the 11th month of the 4th year) and ended on February 24, 1708.  It was the last confirmed eruption of Mount Fuji, with three unconfirmed eruptions reported from 1708 to 1854. The eruption took place during the reign of Emperor Higashiyama and the Shogun was Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. It is well known for the immense ash-fall it produced over eastern Japan and subsequent landslides and starvation across the country. Hokusai's One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji includes an image of the small crater at a secondary eruption site on the southwestern slope. The area where the eruption occurred is called Mount Hōei because it occurred in the fourth year of the Hōei era. Today, the crater of the main eruption can be visited from the Fujinomiya or Gotemba Trails on Mount Fuji.
GAC Group
Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. (GAC Group) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Guangzhou, Guangdong. As of 2021, it was the fifth largest automobile manufacturer in China, with 2.144 million sales in 2021.

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Hyptec, Trumpchi, Aion, Hycan as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as GAC Toyota and GAC Honda. It also produces electric vehicles under some of the previously listed brandings. It produces buses under the GAC Bus brand. Other brand names associated with GAC are Everus, for consumer vehicles, and Hino.

In 2021, GAC was the fourth largest Chinese plug-in electric vehicle manufacturer in the Chinese market, with 4% of market share. It sold 123,660 units of EVs in 2021, and over 20,000 units in March 2022, with plans to double EV production capacity to 400,000 a year by December 2022.

Hyptec
Hyptec (Chinese: 广汽昊铂; pinyin: Guǎngqì Hàobó) is a Chinese electric vehicle brand owned by GAC Aion, the electric vehicle subsidiary of GAC Group. It was founded in 2022 under the name Hyper, before it was renamed in 2024. The brand serves as a premium product line of GAC Aion, which uses the Aion brand for mass-market electric vehicles.

The name "Hyptec" derives from a combination of the words "hyper" and "technology".
John Lancaster Spalding
John Lancaster Spalding (June 2, 1840 – August 25, 1916) was an American Catholic author, poet, advocate for higher education, the first bishop of Peoria in Illinois from 1877 to 1908. He was also a co-founder of the Catholic University of America in Washington D.C. and a co-creator of the Baltimore Catechism. Spalding was also a prolific writer on religion and education.

Mary Gwendolin Caldwell, Marquise des Monstiers-Mérinville
Mary Gwendolin Byrd, Marquise des Monstiers-Mérinville (née Caldwell; 1863–1909) was an American philanthropist and socialite. She funded the foundation of the Catholic University at Washington, D.C. in the 1880s, but had renounced the Roman Catholic faith by 1904.
1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak
The 1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that struck the southern and central U.S Great Plains States on May 25–26, 1955. It produced at least 48 tornadoes across seven states, including two F5 tornadoes in Blackwell, Oklahoma and Udall, Kansas that caused most of the casualties. The outbreak killed 102 people while injuring hundreds more. Unusual electromagnetic activity was observed, including St. Elmo's fire.

Blackwell, Oklahoma
Blackwell is a city in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States, located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 177 and State Highway 11 along Interstate 35. The population was 6,085 as of the 2020 census. Blackwell was established following the September 16, 1893 Cherokee Outlet land run by A. J. Blackwell. Blackwell has an agricultural and fossil fuel based economy.
Manfred Winkelhock
Manfred Winkelhock (6 October 1951 – 12 August 1985) was a German racing driver, who competed in Formula One between 1980 and 1985.

Born and raised in Waiblingen, Winkelhock was the older brother of Joachim and Thomas. Winkelhock participated in 56 Formula One Grands Prix for Arrows, ATS, Brabham and RAM, with a best finish of fifth at the 1982 Brazilian Grand Prix.

During the 1985 1000 km of Mosport, Winkelhock died following a single-vehicle collision with a concrete barrier, driving the Porsche 962C for Kremer. His son Markus went on to also compete in Formula One at the 2007 European Grand Prix for Spyker, and won the FIA GT1 World Championship in 2012 with Münnich.

1985 1000 km of Mosport
The 1985 Budweiser GT was the sixth round of the 1985 World Endurance Championship. Several teams from the Camel GT Championship also participated, under the GTP, GTO, and GTU classes. It took place at Mosport Park, Canada on August 11, 1985.
Clermont County Airport
Clermont County Airport (FAA LID: I69) is a public use airport located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) west of the central business district of Batavia, a village in Clermont County, Ohio, United States. It is owned by the Clermont County Commissioners.

It is also known as Sporty's Airport. The fixed-base operator is Eastern Cincinnati Aviation. The Tri-State Warbird Museum is located on the west side of the airport. The 279th Composite Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol is headquartered at the airport as well. The Experimental Aircraft Association, which has a chapter at the airport, operates Young Eagles rides at the airport, where volunteer pilots give kids ages 8-17 free rides in airplanes.

Batavia, Ohio
Batavia (/bəˈteɪviə/ bə-TAY-vee-ə) is a village in Clermont County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 1,972 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area.
Prestige (beer)
Prestige is a lager brewed by Brasserie Nationale d'Haïti (BRANA) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. It is widely consumed and is the best-selling beer in Haiti with a 98% market share. Prestige beer is available in some parts of the United States and other countries. In 2011, Heineken publicly announced it acquired a controlling interest in BRANA by increasing its ownership from 22.5% to 95%.

Brasserie Nationale d'Haïti
Brasserie Nationale d'Haïti, S.A. also called BRANA, S.A., is the foremost brewery and bottler in Haiti. It is a top Caribbean beer producer as well. The brewery manufactures the popular Prestige beer, one of the premium American-style lagers produced in the Caribbean whose popularity is gradually crossing national boundaries in terms of consumption and marketing.
University of Hawaiʻi
The University of Hawaiʻi System is the public higher education system of the state of Hawaii. The system confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three universities, seven community colleges, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers, and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the state of Hawaii.

All schools in the University of Hawaiʻi System are accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The system's main administrative offices are located on the property of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in Honolulu.

Leeward Community College
Leeward Community College is a public community college in Pearl City, Hawaiʻi. It is one of 10 campuses of the University of Hawaiʻi system, and it is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges.

Leeward practices the open admissions policy, which only requires that a student be 18 years or older or earned a U.S. high school diploma or a GED (General Educational Development) certificate.
Helsen 22
The Helsen 22 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Johannes "Jopie" Helsen as a cruiser and first built in 1971.

The design was later developed into the Watkins 23. The Apollo 21 sailboat was also built from the same tooling.

Universal Marine
Universal Marine was an American boat builder based in Saint Petersburg, Florida. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of fiberglass sailboats.

The company was founded by Johannes "Jopie" Helsen in 1960 as the Helsen Yacht Corporation.
1 − 2 + 4 − 8 + ⋯
In mathematics, 1 − 2 + 4 − 8 + ⋯ is the infinite series whose terms are the successive powers of two with alternating signs. As a geometric series, it is characterized by its first term, 1, and its common ratio, −2.

As a series of real numbers, it diverges. So in the usual sense it has no sum. In a much broader sense, the series is associated with the value ⁠1/3⁠, which is the result of applying various summation methods to the series, as well as the limit of the series using the 2-adic metric.

Grandi's series
In mathematics, the infinite series 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + ⋯ is a divergent series, meaning that the sequence of partial sums of the series does not converge.  Although it is divergent, it can be manipulated to yield a number of mathematically interesting results.  In particular, various summation methods (techniques for assigning numerical values even to a divergent series) assign this series the value ⁠1/2⁠.

The series, which can also be written as

is sometimes called Grandi's series, after Italian mathematician, philosopher, and priest Guido Grandi, who gave a memorable treatment of the series in 1703.
Viva la Mañana
Viva la Mañana (Long Live the Morning)  is a Spanish-language morning talk show, that is transmitted through channels 2 and 4 on the Salvadoran television network Telecorporación Salvadoreña (TCS). The program is transmitted Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Hosted by Mario Sibrian, Luciana Sandoval, Andrea Mariona, Alejandra and Gerardo Parker.

Telecorporación Salvadoreña
Telecorporación Salvadoreña (TCS) is a television network corporation in El Salvador. Telecorporación Salvadoreña is a group of local television stations formed by channels 2, 4, 6, and SV+. (channel 35) TCS launched began transmissions on channel 31. The channel stopped analog broadcasts in NTSC and was launched in the TDT on the same frequency, within the virtual channel 31.1, with programming of the TCS files in test signal Most of the time each channel has an independent programming schedule, but the channels do share limited programming and simulcasts, particularly on weekday mornings. When linked together, the network name (Telecorporación Salvadoreña) is used instead of the channels' individual names (2, 4, and 6).

Besides the four television stations, TCS also has two radio stations: VOX FM and Que Buena
Prism Health
Prism Health is a health clinic located on Southeast Belmont Street, in Portland, Oregon's Buckman neighborhood, in the United States. Prism became Oregon's first LGBTQ primary health clinic in 2017, and opened as an extension of the Cascade AIDS Project.

The 7,750-square-foot space has 10 exam rooms, plus additional rooms for meetings and counseling, gender-neutral restrooms, and a pharmacy. Prism provides HIV and STI testing, mental and transgender health services, and free condoms and dental dams.

The clinic received $200,000 in operational support from Multnomah County.

Cascade AIDS Project
Cascade AIDS Project (CAP) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Portland, Oregon, United States. Its mission is to prevent HIV infections, to support and empower people affected and by HIV/AIDS, and to eliminate discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS. Founded in the mid-1980s, CAP is the "oldest and largest community-based provider of HIV services, housing, education and advocacy" in Oregon and Southwest Washington.
Department of Electricity and Energy
The Department of Electricity and Energy is the department of the South African government responsible for energy policy. The department manages energy resources in South Africa and is responsible for ensuring the exploration, development, processing, utilisation of those resources.

Department of Mineral Resources and Energy
The Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) is a department of the South African government which is responsible for the mining industry of South Africa, exploitation of the country's mineral resources, and the energy industry. It was known as the Department of Minerals and Energy until July 2009 when it was divided by President Jacob Zuma into the Department of Mineral Resources and the Department of Energy. In June 2019 President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that the two departments were to be reunited under the current name. The political head of the department is the Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy, who is assisted by a deputy minister. As of August 2020 the minister is Gwede Mantashe while the position of deputy minister is vacant.
Hoover sound
Hoover sound refers to a particular synthesizer sound in electronic music, commonly used in rave techno, hardcore techno, gabber, breakbeat hardcore, trance, hard house and hard NRG.  Originally called the "Mentasm", the name that stuck was the one likening the sound to that of a vacuum cleaner (often referred to via the genericized trademark "hoover" in the UK and Ireland).

Belgian hardcore techno
Belgian hardcore techno (also referred to as Belgian techno or rave techno) is an early style of hardcore techno that emerged from new beat as EBM and techno influences became more prevalent in this genre. This particular style has been described as an "apocalyptic, almost Wagnerian, bombastic techno", due to its use of dramatic orchestral stabs and menacing synth tones that set it apart from earlier forms of electronic dance music. It flourished in Belgium and influenced the sound of early hardcore from Netherlands, Germany, Italy, UK and North America during the early-1990s, as a part of the rave movement during that period.

Belgian hardcore is related to both European techno and hardcore techno, being generally considered an early form of the latter. The genre is referred to by several other names, such as "Belgian rave" and "bretter tekkno".

The immediate predecessors of Belgian hardcore were two short-lived new beat subgenres called "hard beat" and "skizzo".
Fimafeng
Fimafeng is one of the servants of Ægir in Norse mythology. In the Lokasenna, Fimafeng is killed out of jealousy by Loki at a party held by his master, after hearing him being lauded by the people for the banquet he had prepared to the Æsir (gods).

Ægir
In Norse mythology, Ægir (anglicised as Aegir, Old Norse for 'sea'), Hlér (Old Norse for 'sea'), or Gymir (Old Norse less clearly for 'sea' or 'engulfer'), is a jötunn and personification of the sea. In the Old Norse record, Ægir hosts the gods in his halls and is associated with brewing ale. Ægir is attested as married to a goddess, Rán, who also personifies the sea, and together the two produced nine daughters who personify the waves, and Ægir's son is Snær, personified snow. Ægir may also be the father of the beautiful jötunn Gerðr, wife of the god Freyr, or these may be two separate figures who share the same name (see below and Gymir).

One of Ægir's names, Hlér, is the namesake of the island Læsø (Old Norse Hlésey 'Hlér's island') and perhaps also Lejre in Denmark. Scholars have long analyzed Ægir's role in the Old Norse corpus, and the concept of the figure has had some influence in modern popular culture.
Maghreb magpie
The Maghreb magpie (Pica mauritanica) is a species of magpie in the genus Pica found in North Africa from Morocco east to Tunisia, at altitudes from sea level up to 2,300 metres altitude. It can be distinguished from the Eurasian magpie by the patch of blue skin behind its eye, the narrower white belly, the shorter wings, and the longer tail.

Pica (bird)
Pica is a genus of seven species of birds in the family Corvidae in both the New World and the Old. It is one of several corvid genera whose members are known as magpies. Pica have long tails and predominantly black and white plumage, with iridescent blue, green, purple and bronze colours on the wings and tail in good light. After Corvus, this genus is the second most widespread within the Corvidae family, being distributed across Eurasia, north Africa, and western North America. Molecular phylogeny suggests that Pica is most closely related to nutcrackers (Nucifraga), jackdaws (Coloeus) and crows and ravens (Corvus).
Balmer series
The Balmer series, or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885.

The visible spectrum of light from hydrogen displays four wavelengths, 410 nm, 434 nm, 486 nm, and 656 nm, that correspond to emissions of photons by electrons in excited states transitioning to the quantum level described by the principal quantum number n equals 2. There are several prominent ultraviolet Balmer lines with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. The series continues with an infinite number of lines whose wavelengths asymptotically approach the limit of 364.5 nm in the ultraviolet.

After Balmer's discovery, five other hydrogen spectral series were discovered, corresponding to electrons transitioning to values of n other than two.

Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets, which would otherwise be impossible.
Troika (European group)
The Troika is a term used to refer to the single decision group created by three entities, the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It was formed due to the European debt crisis as an ad hoc authority with a mandate to manage the bailouts of Cyprus, Greece, Ireland and Portugal, in the aftermath of their prospective insolvency caused by the 2008 financial crisis.

Earlier, "troika" had been used as the designation of a triumvirate that represented the European Union in its foreign relations, in particular concerning its common foreign and security policy (CFSP), until the Treaty of Lisbon was ratified in 2009.

Bailout
A bailout is the provision of financial help to a corporation or country which otherwise would be on the brink of bankruptcy. A bailout differs from the term bail-in (coined in 2010) under which the bondholders or depositors of global systemically important financial institutions (G-SIFIs) are forced to participate in the recapitalization process but taxpayers are not. Some governments also have the power to participate in the insolvency process; for instance, the U.S. government intervened in the General Motors bailout of 2009–2013. A bailout can, but does not necessarily, avoid an insolvency process. The term bailout is maritime in origin and describes the act of removing water from a sinking vessel using a bucket.