hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Safiyya bint Huyayy
Safiyya bint Huyayy (c. 610/614 – 664/672) was the tenth wife of Muhammad. Born in Yathrib to the Banu Nadir, one of the Jewish tribes of Arabia, Safiyya's father Huyayy ibn Akhtab and husband Kinana ibn al-Rabi were killed at the Battle of Khaybar in 628, after which she was taken captive by the early Muslims and subsequently married to the Muhammad. Like other wives of Muhammad, she is known to Muslims as a "Mother of the Believers" and is buried at the al-Baqi cemetery in Medina.

Al-Baqi Cemetery
Jannat al-Baqī (Arabic: ٱلْبَقِيْع, "The Baqi'", Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.ba.ɡiːʕ, al.ba.qiːʕ]) is the oldest and first Islamic cemetery of Medina located in the Hejazi region of present-day Saudi Arabia. It is also known as Baqi al-Gharqad (Arabic: بَقِيْع الْغَرْقَد, meaning "Baqiʿ of the Boxthorn").

Al-Baqi is reportedly founded by Prophet Muhammad and serves as the burial place for many of his relatives and companions, establishing it as one of the two holiest cemeteries in Islamic tradition. Monuments and mosques built on or near al-Baqīʿ were demolished under the Emirate of Diriyah in 1806. After their reconstruction, they were again demolished in 1926 under the Sultanate of Nejd, in accordance with their Wahhabi interpretation of Islamic law regarding idolatry. These demolitions were condemned across the Islamic world, but the Saudi government has rejected calls for reconstruction.
University of Cambridge Professional and Continuing Education
The University of Cambridge Professional and Continuing Education (PACE), formerly the Institute of Continuing Education (ICE) is a department of the University of Cambridge that provides continuing education programmes at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, ranging from undergraduate certificates to master’s degrees.

PACE is the world's oldest university department specialising in professional and continuing education, established in 1873. It is based at the 16th-century Madingley Hall, four miles west of Cambridge. It was rebranded as the PACE in 2025 and delivers a number of undergraduate and postgraduate awards, alongside the University's annual summer school. Award-bearing graduates are recognised as alumni of the University of Cambridge.

Madingley
Madingley is a small village near Cambridge, England. It is located close to the nearby villages of Coton and Dry Drayton on the western outskirts of Cambridge. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 210.
The village was known as Madingelei in the Domesday Book of 1086, a name meaning "Woodland clearing of the family or followers of a man called Mada". Madingley is well known for its 16th-century manor house, Madingley Hall, which is owned by the University of Cambridge.
Cinder (programming library)
Cinder is an open-source programming library designed to give the C++ language advanced visualization abilities. It was released as a public tool in spring 2010 and can be viewed in many ways as a C++-based alternative to tools like the Java-based Processing library, Microsoft Silverlight or Adobe Flash. It is also comparable to the C++ based openFrameworks; the main difference is that Cinder uses more system-specific libraries for better performance while openFrameworks affords better control over its underlying libraries.

Unlike Flash and Silverlight, Cinder is generally used in a non-browser environment. This, combined with the speed provided by C++, makes the library more appropriate for heavily abstracted projects, including art installations, commercial campaigns and other advanced animation work.

Processing
Processing is a free graphics library and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching non-programmers the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.

Processing uses the Java programming language, with additional simplifications such as additional classes and aliased mathematical functions and operations. It also provides a graphical user interface for simplifying the compilation and execution stage.

The Processing language and IDE have been the precursor to other projects including Arduino and Wiring.
Todman
Todman (7 October 1954 – 1976) was one of the greatest Australian Thoroughbred racehorses and an important sire.  He was perhaps best known as the winner of the inaugural STC Golden Slipper in 1957, being the first of Star Kingdom's five successive winners of the race. In 2023, he was described as "the best winner of the race".
 He was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame in 2005.

Golden Slipper Stakes
The Golden Slipper Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-old horses run over 1,200 metres on turf at set weights conditions, held at Rosehill Gardens Racecourse in Sydney, Australia. It is the premier two year old race in Australia and is the world's richest race for two-year-old Thoroughbreds. Prize money is A$5,000,000.
Morris, Manitoba
Morris is a small town in the Pembina Valley region of Manitoba, Canada, located 51 km south of Winnipeg and 42 km north of Emerson. Morris is home to 1,885 people (2016). The town is named after Alexander Morris, the second Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba.

Highway 75, which turns into Interstate 29, is the major highway which runs from Winnipeg to Missouri. Morris is the only town where Highway 75 is called "Main Street". The town of Morris is mostly surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Morris, except for a relatively small eastern border with the northwest corner of the Rural Municipality of Montcalm, across the Red River of the North.

Morris is host to the annual Manitoba Stampede and Exhibition.

Manitoba Highway 75
Provincial Trunk Highway 75 (PTH 75, also officially known as the Lord Selkirk Highway) is a major highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is the main link between the city of Winnipeg and the United States border, where it connects with Interstate 29/U.S. Route 81 (I-29/US 81).
Kim Hong-jip
Kim Hong-jip (Korean: 김홍집; Hanja: 金弘集; 1842 – February 11, 1896) was a Korean politician best known for his role as prime minister during the Kabo Reform period from 1895–1896. His name was originally Kim Goeng-jip (김굉집; 金宏集) which he later changed to Kim Hong-jip. His father, Kim Yeong-jak, served as mayor of Kaesŏng in the Joseon Dynasty.

In 1880, Kim undertook an official mission to Japan where he learned first-hand of the modernizing reforms taking place in that country and inspiring in him a desire to effect such changes in Korea. After the Kapsin Coup, he became the first vice-premier 'Jwauijeong' and entered into the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885. Then, in 1896, Hong-jip was appointed as prime minister to suppress the Donghak Peasant Revolution. During this period, he abolished the caste system of the Joseon Dynasty and carried out an ordinance prohibiting topknots. After the assassination of Empress Myeongseong, "pro-Japan cabinet members like Kim and O Yun-jung were killed."

Kabo Reform
The Kabo Reform (Korean: 갑오개혁; Hanja: 甲午改革) describes a series of sweeping reforms suggested to the government of Korea, beginning in 1894 and ending in 1896 during the reign of Gojong of Korea in response to the Donghak Peasant Revolution. Historians debate the degree of Japanese influence in this program, as well as its effect in encouraging modernization.

The term Kabo (갑오; 甲午) comes from the name of the year 1894 in the traditional sexagenary cycle.
Rio Locsin
Rio Locsin (born Maria Theresa Rosario Garcia Nayve-Israel; October 3, 1961) is a Filipino actress. Known primarily for her roles in films with underlying social themes, she began her career playing daring characters and eventually ventured dramatic roles in the succeeding years, noted for her portrayals in Lino Brocka's Ina, Kapatid, Anak (1979) and Init (1979), Elwood Perez's Disgrasyada (1979), Ishmael Bernal's Manila By Night (1980) & Working Girls (1984) and Laurice Guillen's Kapag Puso’y Sinugatan (1985). In 2009, she was named Best Supporting Actress at the Cinema One Originals Digital Film Festival and was inducted at the Eastwood City Walk of Fame in 2012, in addition to numerous nominations from FAMAS Awards, Gawad Urian, Luna and Golden Screen TV Awards.

Eastwood City Walk of Fame
The Eastwood City Walk of Fame or the Walk of Fame Philippines is a walk of fame patterned after the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and is located in Eastwood City, Quezon City. It was founded on December 1, 2005. As German Moreno's home network, GMA Network is the official media partner of Walk of Fame  since 2005 that were supported by GMA Network's bosses Atty. Felipe L. Gozon and Mr. Duavit Jimenez Jr.
Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Chesterfield is a market and industrial town in the county of Derbyshire, England. It is 24 miles (39 km) north of Derby and 11 miles (18 km) south of Sheffield at the confluence of the Rivers Rother and Hipper. In 2011, the built-up-area subdivision had a population of 88,483, making it the second-largest settlement in Derbyshire, after Derby. The wider Borough of Chesterfield had a population of 103,569 in the 2021 Census. In 2021, the town itself had a population of 76,402.

It has been traced to a transitory Roman fort dated to approximately AD 80-100. The name of the later Anglo-Saxon village comes from the Old English ceaster (Roman fort) and feld (pasture). It has a sizeable street market three days a week. The town sits on an old coalfield, but little visual evidence of mining remains since the closure of the final town centre mine nicknamed “The Green Room”. The main landmark is the crooked spire of the Church of St Mary and All Saints.

River Hipper
The River Hipper is a tributary of the River Rother in Derbyshire, England.  Its source is a large expanse of wetlands, fed by the surrounding moors between Chatsworth and Chesterfield, known as the Hipper Sick on Beeley Moor, which is part of the Chatsworth Estate. It then passes through Holymoorside and down into Chesterfield, just south of the town centre, before flowing into the River Rother. In July 2007, parts of Chesterfield flooded when the River Hipper burst its banks during a substantial storm that caused extensive flooding in North Derbyshire and South Yorkshire. The river burst its banks again after torrential rain in October 2023. The surrounding landscape is known as the Hipper Valley.
Rugby School Japan
Rugby School Japan, nicknamed RSJ, is a selective British private boarding school in Kashiwanoha, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Opened in September 2023, RSJ is situated in a newly developing complex strengthening on education, expansion, and more business opportunities within the Greater Tokyo Area.

The school is built in Kashiwanoha near Tokyo University's Kashiwa campus, which students have access to. RSJ is positioned on an expanding and sprawling complex. The school is the second international school established by the UK-based Rugby School, after Rugby School Thailand. RSJ offers the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) and A-levels to their students as part of the British curriculum they follow. The school is part of a trend of international boarding schools opening in Japan.

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.
Paolo and Vittorio Taviani
Paolo Taviani (Italian: [ˈpaːolo taˈvjaːni]; 8 November 1931 – 29 February 2024) and Vittorio Taviani (Italian: [vitˈtɔːrjo taˈvjaːni]; 20 September 1929 – 15 April 2018), collectively referred to as the Taviani brothers, were Italian film directors and screenwriters who collaborated on numerous film productions.

At the Cannes Film Festival, the Taviani brothers won the Palme d'Or and the FIPRESCI prize for Padre Padrone in 1977 and the Grand Prix du Jury for La notte di San Lorenzo (The Night of the Shooting Stars, 1982). In 2012 they won the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival with Caesar Must Die.

Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)
The Grand Prix is an award of the Cannes Film Festival bestowed by the jury of the festival on one of the competing feature films. It is the second-most prestigious prize of the festival after the Palme d'Or.
Nisnevich topology
In algebraic geometry, the Nisnevich topology, sometimes called the completely decomposed topology, is a Grothendieck topology on the category of schemes which has been used in algebraic K-theory, A¹ homotopy theory, and the theory of motives.  It was originally introduced by Yevsey Nisnevich, who was motivated by the theory of adeles.

A¹ homotopy theory
In algebraic geometry and algebraic topology, branches of mathematics, A1 homotopy theory or motivic homotopy theory is a way to apply the techniques of algebraic topology, specifically homotopy, to algebraic varieties and, more generally, to schemes.  The theory is due to Fabien Morel and Vladimir Voevodsky.  The underlying idea is that it should be possible to develop a purely algebraic approach to homotopy theory by replacing the unit interval [0, 1], which is not an algebraic variety, with the affine line A1, which is.  The theory has seen spectacular applications such as Voevodsky's construction of the derived category of mixed motives and the proof of the Milnor and Bloch-Kato conjectures. It has also recently revolutionized the theory of enumerative geometry problems.
Whitney extension theorem
In mathematics, in particular in mathematical analysis, the Whitney extension theorem is a partial converse to Taylor's theorem.  Roughly speaking, the theorem asserts that if A is a closed subset of a Euclidean space, then it is possible to extend a given function of A in such a way as to have prescribed derivatives at the points of A. It is a result of Hassler Whitney.

Hassler Whitney
Hassler Whitney (March 23, 1907 – May 10, 1989) was an American mathematician. He was one of the founders of singularity theory, and did foundational work in manifolds, embeddings, immersions, characteristic classes and,  geometric integration theory.
Josh Williams (racing driver)
Joshua Lee Williams (born August 3, 1993) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 92 Chevrolet Camaro SS for DGM Racing with Jesse Iwuji Motorsports. He also owns Josh Williams Motorsports, which fields cars for development drivers in the ARCA Menards Series, Late Model Stock Cars, Legend Cars and Bandoleros.

DGM Racing
DGM Racing (formerly King Autosport) is a Canadian professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. The team is owned by Mario Gosselin. The team is now located in Lake Wales, Florida. The team formerly fielded a Truck Series team and an ARCA team. Gosselin won two ARCA races with the team. The team currently fields two Chevrolet Camaro SS, the No. 91 primarily for Mason Maggio and the No. 92 full–time for Josh Williams.
2023 Latvian Second League
The 2023 Latvian Second League (referred to as the Altero.LV LIIGA for sponsorship reasons) was the 32nd season of third-tier football in Latvia. The season started on 15 April 2023 and finished on 21 October 2023.

The champions (Mārupe) and runners-up (Ogre United) were promoted to the 2024 Latvian First League. The third-placed team (Augšdaugavas) qualified for the Latvian First League play-off against the twelfth-placed team from the 2023 Latvian First League. The bottom three teams (Liepāja-2, Limbaži, and Staiceles Bebri) were relegated to the 2024 Latvian Third League.

2023 Latvian First League
The 2023 Latvian First League (referred to as the Optibet Nākotnes Līga for sponsorship reasons) was the 32nd season of second-tier football in Latvia. The season started on 7 April 2023 and finished on 12 November 2023.

The winners (Grobiņas) were promoted to the 2024 Latvian Higher League. The third-placed team (Skanstes SK) qualified for the Latvian Higher League play-off. The twelfth-placed team (Smiltene) qualified for the Latvian First League play-off. Two teams (Beitar and Dinamo Rīga) withdrew from the league and were relegated to the 2024 Latvian Second League.
Gail (given name)
Gail is a masculine and feminine given name. As a feminine name, it can be a short form of the name Abigail.

Gail has been used as a masculine and feminine name, and until the 1930s, was equally common on both sexes. Between the 1930s and 1960s, its use as a feminine name increased, as a consequence marginalizing masculine usage by about 1960.

Alternate spellings include Gaile, Gale, and Gayle.

Notable people with the given name include:

Gayle (given name)
Gayle (/ˈɡeɪl/ GAYL) is a variant spelling of Gail, a short form of the name Abigail.

Abigail is a feminine English name with Hebrew origins, meaning "my father is joy." In the Old Testament Abigail was King David's third wife, described as 'good in discretion and beautiful in form'.  The name is used in modern English and was a popular baby's name during the 1950s and 1960s.

Gayle may occasionally be used as a masculine name.
Olympic Highway
Olympic Highway is a 317-kilometre (197 mi) rural road in the central western and south-eastern Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia. It services rural communities, links Hume Highway with Mid-Western Highway, and provides part of an alternate road link between Sydney and Albury via Bathurst and Cowra as well as servicing Wagga Wagga, linking with Sturt Highway.

Mid-Western Highway
Mid-Western Highway, sometimes Mid Western Highway, is a 518-kilometre (322 mi) state highway located in the central western and northern Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia. The highway services rural communities and links the Great Western, Mitchell, Olympic, Newell, Cobb and Sturt highways. Mid-Western Highway forms part of the most direct route road link between Sydney and Adelaide, with its eastern terminus in Bathurst and western terminus in Hay. It is designated part of route A41 between Bathurst and Cowra, and route B64 between Cowra and Hay.

During 2014 the Roads & Maritime Services in conjunction with the NSW Geographical Names Board commenced a consultation process to change the name of the highway to the Wiradjuri Highway, as the only state highway to lie fully within the Wiradjuri cultural area.
David Cobb (activist)
David Keith Cobb (born December 24, 1962) is an American political activist who was the Green Party presidential candidate for the 2004 election. Cobb later became the campaign manager for fellow Green Jill Stein for her presidential run in 2016.

Jill Stein
Jill Ellen Stein (born May 14, 1950) is an American physician and activist, who was the Green Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012, 2016, and 2024 elections. She was the Green-Rainbow Party's candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in 2002 and 2010.

Stein ran her first political campaign as the Green-Rainbow candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002, losing to Republican Mitt Romney. She ran for the same position in 2010, losing to the then-incumbent Massachusetts governor, Democrat Deval Patrick.

In 2017, Stein's presidential campaign was investigated by the Senate Intelligence Committee for possible collusion with the Russian government but was ultimately cleared of any wrongdoing.
Louise Outhwaite
Marie Henrietta Louise Outhwaite (née Roget) (1811 – 4 July 1905) was a French-born New Zealand settler. She was a leading figure in the Catholic church in Auckland and a close friend and supporter of Suzanne Aubert.

Isa Outhwaite
Anne Jane Louisa Outhwaite (1842 – 13 December 1925) was a New Zealand watercolour artist, poet social activist and philanthropist. As an artist, she exhibited in Auckland from 1875 until 1900. Some of her works are held in the Alexander Turnbull Library.
18th Army Group
The 18th Army Group was an Allied formation in the Second World War. It was formed on 20 February 1943 when British Eighth Army advancing from the east and British First Army advancing into Tunisia from the west came close enough to require coordinated command during the Tunisia Campaign.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
Zeta Aquarii
Zeta Aquarii is a triple star system, the central star of the "water jar" asterism in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. Its identifier is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ζ Aquarii, and abbreviated Zet Aqr or ζ Aqr, respectively. The combined apparent visual magnitude of this system is 3.65, which is readily visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements yield a distance estimate of around 95 light-years (29 parsecs) from Earth.

Gamma Aquarii
Gamma Aquarii, or γ Aquarii, is a binary star system in the constellation of Aquarius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.849, making it one of the brighter members of the constellation. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is located at a distance of 164 light-years (50 parsecs). It is drifting closer to Earth with a radial velocity of −16 km/s. It is a candidate member of the Hyades Supercluster.

The two components are designated Gamma Aquarii Aa, formally called Sadachbia /səˈdækbiə/, and Ab.
Centropogon (fish)
Centropogon is a genus of ray-finned fishes, waspfishes belonging to the subfamily Tetraroginae, which is classified as part of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. These fishes are endemic to the brackish and marine waters around Australia.

Tetraroginae
Tetraroginae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes, commonly known as waspfishes or sailback scorpionfishes, belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. These fishes are native to the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific. As their name suggests, waspfishes are often venomous; having poison glands on their spines. They are bottom-dwelling fish, living at depths to 300 metres (980 ft). These creatures usually live in hiding places on the sea bottom.
Belasco (Marvel Comics)
Belasco is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Bruce Jones and artist Brent Anderson, the character first appeared in Ka-Zar the Savage #11 (February 1982). Belasco is a demonic lord of Limbo. He is the former ruler of the Hell dimension. He is responsible for luring into the same hellish realm the superhero Illyana Rasputin / Magik.

Features of the Marvel Universe
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features.