hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ryukyu Disposition
The Ryukyu Disposition (琉球処分, Ryūkyū shobun; Okinawan:Rūchū shubun), also called the Ryukyu Annexation (琉球併合, Ryūkyū heigō) or the annexation of Okinawa, was the political process during the early years of the Meiji period that saw the incorporation of the former Ryukyu Kingdom into the Empire of Japan as Okinawa Prefecture (i.e., one of Japan's "home" prefectures) and its decoupling from the Chinese tributary system. These processes began with the creation of the Ryukyu Domain in 1872 and culminated in the kingdom's annexation and final dissolution in 1879; immediate diplomatic fallout and consequent negotiations with Qing China, brokered by Ulysses S. Grant, effectively came to an end late the following year. The term is also sometimes used more narrowly in relation to the events and changes of 1879 alone. The Ryūkyū Disposition has been "alternatively characterized as aggression, annexation, national unification, or internal reform".

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Hovin, Telemark
Hovin is a former municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 302.5-square-kilometre (116.8 sq mi) municipality existed from 1886 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now divided between Tinn Municipality and Notodden Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Hovin. The other main village in the municipality was Rudsgrendi on the opposite side of the lake Tinnsjå.

Rudsgrendi
Rudsgrendi or Rugsgrend is a village in Notodden Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located on the western shore of the large lake Tinnsjå, halfway between the village of Gransherad and the town of Rjukan. On the opposite side of the lake lies the village of Hovin. The village of Tinnoset lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the south.
Middle Fly District
The Middle Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea is a large, coastal district that forms the central area of the Fly River basin. It contains the Local-Level Government areas of: Balimo Urban, Bamu Rural, Gogodaia Rural, Lake Murray Rural, and Nomad Rural, and the population centres of Balimo, Bamu, Gogodala and Nomad. It also contains the largest lake in the country, Lake Murray.

Gogodala people
Gogodala is the name of an ethnic/language group from the Middle Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. They speak the Gogodala language, which belongs to the Trans-New Guinea language family. It is one of about a thousand distinct ethnic groups in the country, each which has its own language and culture.
Jean-Louis Tauran
Jean-Louis Pierre Tauran (French: [ʒɑ̃lwi toʁɑ̃]; 5 April 1943 – 5 July 2018) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. When he died, he had been the president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue since 2007 and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church since the end of 2014. He was made a cardinal in 2003 and was the Cardinal Protodeacon from 2011 to 2014. His earlier career included almost thirty years in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and several years as the Vatican's chief archivist and librarian.

Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue
The Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue, previously named the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (PCID), is a dicastery of the Roman Curia, erected by Pope Paul VI on 19 May 1964 as the Secretariat for Non-Christians, and renamed by Pope John Paul II on 28 June 1988.

The Dicastery does not have responsibility for relations with other Christian religions, which are the responsibility of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity, which also has oversight of the Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews.
Ana Jakšić
Anna Glinskaya (Russian: Анна Глинская; Serbian: Ана Глинска, romanized: Ana Glinska; née Jakšić; died c. 1553) was a Serbian and Russian noblewoman. She was the daughter of Serbian voivode Stefan Jakšić (d. 1489) from the Jakšić family. Her sister Jelena Jakšić (d. after 1529) was the titular despotissa of Serbia.

Anna was married to prince Vasili Lvovich Glinsky (d. 1515), member of the House of Glinsky, the brother of the powerful prince Michael Glinski (d. 1534). Anna and Vasili had several children, including princes Yuri Vasilyevich Glinsky (d. 1547) and Michael Vasilyevich Glinsky (d. 1559). Their daughter Elena Glinskaya (d. 1538) married the grand prince and sovereign Vasili III of Russia (d. 1533). Through their daughter, Anna was the grandmother of Ivan IV (d. 1584), the first crowned tsar of all Russia.

Elena Glinskaya
Elena Vasilyevna Glinskaya (Russian: Елена Васильевна Глинская; c. 1510 – 4 April 1538) was the grand princess consort of Moscow as the second wife of Vasili III of Russia, and de facto regent of Russia from 1533 until her death in 1538. She was the mother of the first crowned tsar Ivan IV.
Saalbach-Hinterglemm
Saalbach-Hinterglemm is a municipality in the district of Zell am See (Pinzgau region), in the Austrian state of Salzburg.  It is well known for its skiing and other winter sports. A four-piste network consisting of Saalbach, Hinterglemm, Fieberbrunn and Leogang is located in the municipality, adding up to 270 kilometres (170 mi) of ski slopes. It is short transfer to resort from Salzburg Airport.

Zell am See District
The Bezirk Zell am See is an administrative district (Bezirk) in the federal state of Salzburg, Austria, and congruent with the Pinzgau region (pronunciation in German:  [ˈpʰɪnt͡sˌɡ̊aʊ̯]ⓘ).

The area of the district is 2,640.85 square kilometres (1,019.64 sq mi), with a population of 84,124 (May 15, 2001), and population density 32 persons per km2. The administrative center of the district is Zell am See. 
It is a two-hour transfer to resort from Salzburg Airport.
The region's biggest town is Saalfelden with a population of 20,000.
Johnstown Tomahawks
The Johnstown Tomahawks are a Tier II junior ice hockey team in the North American Hockey League's East Division. The team plays its home games at the 1st Summit Bank Arena at Cambria County War Memorial in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.  It is the oldest extant franchise in the NAHL.

Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census. Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset counties. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, Johnstown was severely affected by the loss of jobs in the steel industry due to globalization and the movement of American manufacturing to overseas markets.
Lebday
Lebday (Arabic: لبديع; also spelled as Libdayya) is a Qatari district located in the municipality of Al Rayyan.

In the 2015 census, it was listed as a district of Zone no. 52 which has a population of 18,433 and also includes Al Shagub, Old Al Rayyan, Fereej Al Zaeem, and Al Luqta.

It borders Old Al Rayyan to the west and south, Al Messila and Madinat Khalifa South in Doha to the east, and Al Luqta to the north.

Al Rayyan (city)
Al-Rayyan (Arabic: الريان) is a large city in the similarly named municipality of Al Rayyan, in Qatar. The city and its suburbs comprise the largest population center in Qatar outside of Doha proper, which is immediately to the east of Al Rayyan. Consisting of all of the districts in the municipality's easternmost section, its western boundary is roughly where the Al Majd Highway runs through the municipality. The city is a part of the Doha Metropolitan Area. It was one of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Peter II, Count of Savoy
Peter II (c. 1203 – 15 May 1268), called the Little Charlemagne, was Count of Savoy from 1263 until his death in 1268. He was also holder of the Honour of Richmond, Yorkshire in England, and the English lands of the Honour of the Eagle also known as the Honour of Pevensey and the Honour of Eu also known as the Honour of Hastings. His significant land holdings in the English County of Sussex were also marked by his holding of the wardship of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey which brought with it lands centred upon Lewes castle. Briefly, from 1241 until 1242, castellan of Dover Castle and Keeper of the Coast (later called Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports). In 1243 he was granted land by the River Thames on the Strand near the City of London, where he built the Savoy Palace.

Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy
Amadeus IV (1197 – 11 June 1253) was Count of Savoy from 1233 to 1253.

Amadeus was born in Montmélian, Savoy. The legitimate heir of Thomas I of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva, he had, however, to fight with his brothers for the inheritance of Savoy's lands after their father's death. His brothers Pietro and Aimone spurred a revolt in Aosta Valley against Amadeus, but he was able to crush it with the help of Manfred III of Saluzzo and Boniface II of Montferrat, who were his sons-in-law. Together with his brother, Thomas, he fought against the communes of Turin and Pinerolo, but with uncertain results.

He was succeeded by his young son Boniface.
Line splice
In electrical engineering and telecommunications, a line splice is a joint directly connecting lengths of electrical cables (electrical splice) or optical fibers (optical splice).

The splices are often protected by sleeves.

Fusion splicing
Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the intact fiber. The source of heat used to melt and fuse the two glass fibers being spliced is usually an electric arc, but can also be a laser, a gas flame, or a tungsten filament through which current is passed.
Freccia IFV
The VBM – Freccia is a family of 8×8 armoured vehicles that was designed and manufactured for the Italian Army by Iveco Defence Vehicles for the hull, the engine and the suspension,  and OTO Melara for the armament. The first variant to be developed was the IFV, the Freccia being equipped with a Hitfist turret, the same as the one installed on the Dardo IFV.

Patria AMV
The Patria AMV (Armoured Modular Vehicle) is an 8×8 multi-role military vehicle produced by the Finnish defence industry company Patria.

The main feature of the AMV is its modular design, which allows the incorporation of different turrets, weapons, sensors, or communications systems on the same carriage. Designs exist for different APC (armoured personnel carrier) vehicles and IFV (infantry fighting vehicle) versions, communications versions, ambulances and different fire-support versions, armed with large-caliber mortar and gun systems.

The vehicle has a very good level of mine protection and can withstand explosions of up to 10 kilograms (22 lb) TNT. The AMV has protection levels up to 30 mm APFSDS frontal arc. Another important feature is the very good mobility, combining speed, agility, and crew comfort in rough terrain, enabled by the sophisticated but rugged hydropneumatic suspension adjusting each wheel individually.
Western Springs Reserve
Western Springs Reserve, also known as Western Springs Lakeside Te Wai Ōrea, consists of a sanctuary for wildlife, surrounding a lake fed by the natural springs. There are walking paths surrounding the lake with bridges going across sections of it. Auckland Zoo, Museum of Transport & Technology and Western Springs Stadium are all situated around the park.

Park facilities include a playground, picnic tables, barbecue facilities, public toilets, drinking fountains, public artwork, the Circle of Friends Memorial Garden and the Fukuoka Garden.

Museum of Transport and Technology
The Museum of Transport and Technology (more commonly known as MOTAT) is a transport and technology museum located in Western Springs, Auckland, New Zealand. Established in 1960 and formally opening in 1964 as a location for the preservation of trams and early New Zealand transportation technologies, the museum has large collections of civilian and military aircraft, other land transport vehicles, and includes exhibitions focusing on transportation, science and history. The museum features live exhibits which display working transportation, including the Western Springs tramway, which links the two main sites of the institution, MOTAT Great North Road and the MOTAT Aviation Hall on Motions Road. MOTAT is largely managed by volunteers, supported by full-time professional museum staff.
Fateh-110
The Fateh-110 (Persian: فاتح-۱۱۰ "conqueror") is an Iranian solid-fueled surface-to-surface ballistic missile produced by Iran's Aerospace Industries Organization since 2002. It is single-stage, road-mobile and can carry a high-explosive warhead of up to 500 kg. Four different versions, the Fateh-110A, 110B, 110D-1 and Fateh-E Mobin were developed with varying accuracy. The latest version (Fateh-E Mobin), first shown to the public in August 2018 reportedly has a range of 300 km and is reportedly more accurate than previous versions.

The Fateh-110 was reportedly developed from Iran's Zelzal-2 unguided artillery rocket. A version of the Fateh-110 is also license-built in Syria as the M-600. The missile has been used in the Syrian Civil War by Iran and Syria. Its presence in Syria was cited as a reason for the US transferring two Patriot missile defense systems to Turkey in 2012. The Fateh-110 was also among the ballistic missiles Iran supplied Russia during its invasion of Ukraine.

Zelzal-2
Zelzal-2/Mushak-200 (Persian: زلزال-۲, meaning "Earthquake") is an Iranian unguided long-range artillery rocket. The Zelzal-2 is a 610 mm truck-launched rocket that has a payload of 600 kg and a range of about 200 km. Development of the Zelzal series began in 1990 and the Zelzal-2 was first shown in 1998. It is developed from the Zelzal-1 and was developed into the Zelzal-3. It has been exported to Syria, Hezbollah, and the Houthis, and has seen combat use in the Syrian Civil War and Yemeni Civil War.

The rocket is thought to be based on the Soviet 9K52 Luna-M rocket.
Minister for Youth (New South Wales)
The Minister for Youth is a minister in the New South Wales Government with responsibility for providing a whole-of-government approach to youth issues in New South Wales, Australia. The current minister is Rose Jackson.

It was first established in 1956 as the Minister for Child Welfare in the third ministry of Joe Cahill, with the principal responsibility being the care of neglected, orphaned and delinquent children through the Child welfare department. The department had existed since 1881 initially under the Colonial Secretary. The portfolio was held in conjunction with that of Social Welfare until 1973 when they were combined as the portfolio of Youth and Community Services. Youth Affairs were part of the responsibilities of the Minister for Education from 1988 until 1995 when a separate portfolio was re-created as the Minister Assisting the Premier on Youth Affairs. The youth portfolio was abolished in 2011. A new portfolio of regional youth was established in 2019.

Minister for Families and Communities
The New South Wales Minister for Families and Communities is a minister of the Government of New South Wales with responsibility for social policy and welfare, including matters relating to ageing, disability, multiculturalism, and veterans' affairs, women's affairs and youth in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The portfolio is currently held by Kate Washington, who also holds the position of Minister for Disability Inclusion.

The Minister is assisted in the administration of her portfolio by the following ministers:

Minister for Housing, Homelessness and Youth, currently Rose Jackson

Minister for Seniors, Women and Prevention of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault , currently Jodie Harrison

Minister for Veterans, currently David Harris

Collectively the ministers administer the portfolio through the Stronger Communities cluster, in particular through the Department of Communities and Justice and a range of other government agencies.
Battle of Khunan
The Battle of Khunan was fought in September 1222 between the Kingdom of Georgia, led by King George IV, and the Mongol army led by Subutai and Jebe. The result was a Mongol victory. For further details, see the Mongol Invasions of Georgia.

Subutai
Subutai (c. 1175–1248) was a Mongol general and the primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He ultimately directed more than 20 campaigns, during which he conquered more territory than any other commander in history as part of the expansion of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire in human history. He often gained victory by means of sophisticated strategies and routinely coordinated movements of armies that operated hundreds of kilometers apart from each other. Subutai is regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in history, and the single greatest in Mongolian history. He was instrumental in the conquests of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan.
Meyrick Park Halt railway station
Meyrick Park Halt was a railway halt located in the Meyrick Park area of Bournemouth, just west of Bournemouth Central railway station in the county of Hampshire (now Dorset) in England. It opened in 1906 as a response to competition from street-running tramways, and served a growing suburb of Bournemouth as well as leisure activities.

Meyrick Park, Bournemouth
Meyrick Park (/ˈmɛrɪk/) is a suburb and area of Bournemouth, Dorset. The park itself features a main field with rugby pitches, surrounded by elevated woodland on both sides and a golf course around the western side. Dog-walking is permitted on both, and the paved path along the main field is often used to get to the town centre.
Caldecott Tunnel
The Caldecott Tunnel is a four-bore highway tunnel through the Berkeley Hills between Oakland and Orinda, California. Its four bores carry California State Route 24. Named after Thomas E. Caldecott, former mayor of Berkeley, it opened in 1937 as a two-bore tunnel. The third bore opened in 1964 and the fourth bore in 2013. Currently, the two oldest bores carry eastbound traffic and the two newest bores carry westbound traffic.

Berkeley Hills
The Berkeley Hills are a range of the Pacific Coast Ranges, and overlook the northeast side of the valley that encompasses San Francisco Bay. They were previously called the "Contra Costa Range/Hills" (from the original Spanish Sierra de la Contra Costa), but with the establishment of Berkeley and the University of California, the name was updated by geographers and gazetteers.
Centralia, Washington
Centralia (/sɛnˈtreɪliə/) is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located along Interstate 5 near the midpoint between Seattle and Portland, Oregon. The city had a population of 18,183 at the 2020 census. Centralia is twinned with Chehalis, located to the south near the confluence of the Chehalis and Newaukum rivers.

Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 82,149. The county seat is Chehalis, and its largest city is Centralia. Lewis County comprises the Centralia, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Mathilde Carmen Hertz
Mathilde Carmen Hertz (14 January 1891 – 20 November 1975) was a biologist, and was one of the first influential women scientists in the field of biology and a pioneer in the field of comparative psychology.  Working in Germany, her career started to unravel in 1933 due to her Jewish ancestry.  She was the younger daughter of the famous physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.

Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (/hɜːrts/ hurts; German: [hɛʁts] ⓘ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves proposed by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.
George C. M. Douglas
George Cunninghame Monteath Douglas (1826–1904) was a Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland who was Professor of Hebrew and the Old Testament at Glasgow Free Church College.  Douglas was an early member of the Old Testament company for the revision of the authorised version, and served till the completion of the work in 1884. He served as Moderator of the General Assembly to the Free Church in 1894/1895.

Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)
The Free Church of Scotland is a Scottish denomination which was formed in 1843 by a large withdrawal from the established Church of Scotland in a schism known as the Disruption of 1843. In 1900, the vast majority of the Free Church of Scotland joined with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland (which itself mostly re-united with the Church of Scotland in 1929). In 1904, the House of Lords judged that the constitutional minority that did not enter the 1900 union were entitled to the whole of the church's patrimony (see Bannatyne v. Overtoun); the residual Free Church of Scotland acquiesced in the division of those assets, between itself and those who had entered the union, by a Royal Commission in 1905. Despite the late founding date, the leadership held a doctrine of unbroken succession of leaders going back to the Apostles.
Mike Maloy
Michael Alvin Maloy (May 10, 1949 – February 3, 2009) was an American-Austrian professional basketball player who played in the ABA and in Austria in the OBB. He was an All-American college basketball player for the Davidson Wildcats.

Davidson Wildcats men's basketball
The Davidson Wildcats basketball team is the basketball team that represents Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina, in the NCAA. The school's team currently competes in the Atlantic 10 Conference. The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2022. The Wildcats are currently coached by Matt McKillop, in his third season after succeeding his father Bob after the 2021–22 season. Davidson plays its home games at the Belk Arena in Baker Sports Complex on the school's campus.
Victoria Ravva
Victoria Ravva (born October 31, 1975) is a  Georgian-born volleyball player who represented both Azerbaijan and France in international volleyball. She spent the most of her career in RC Cannes.

Ravva was born in Tbilisi. She started her career in BZBK Baku (1989–1993) and Ankara Vakifbank (1994–1995). She is married to Georgian volleyball player Alexandre Jioshvili. In the 2010 season  she was the best blocker of Women's CEV Champions League.

CEV Women's Champions League
The Women's CEV Champions League, formerly known as CEV Champions Cup (from 1960 to 2000), is the top official competition for women's volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year. It is organized by the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV) and was created in 1960 as CEV Champions Cup. On 13 November 2000, it was officially presented in Florence under a new format and renamed CEV Champions League.