hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Town ball
Town ball, townball, or Philadelphia town ball, is a bat-and-ball, safe haven game played in North America in the 18th and 19th centuries, which was similar to rounders and was a precursor to modern baseball. In some areas, including Philadelphia and along the Ohio River and Mississippi River—the local game was called Town Ball. In other regions the local game was named "base", "round ball", "base ball", or just "ball"; after the development of the "New York game" in the 1840s it was sometimes distinguished as the "New England game" or "Massachusetts baseball". The players might be schoolboys in a pasture with improvised balls and bats, or young men in organized clubs. As baseball became dominant, town ball became a casual term to describe old fashioned or rural games similar to baseball.

Knickerbocker Rules
The Knickerbocker Rules are a set of baseball rules formalized by William R. Wheaton and William H. Tucker of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club in 1845. They have previously been considered to be the basis for the rules of the modern game, although this is disputed. The rules are informally known as the "New York style" of baseball, as opposed to other variants such as the "Massachusetts Game" and "Philadelphia town ball".
Chaturmasya
Chaturmasya (Sanskrit: चातुर्मास्य, lit. 'Cāturmāsya'; Pali: Catumāsa), also rendered Chāturmāsa, is a holy period of four months, beginning on Shayani Ekadashi (June-July) and ending on Prabodhini Ekadashi (October-November) in Hinduism. This period also coincides with the monsoon season in India.

Chaturmasya is reserved for penance, austerities, fasting, bathing in holy rivers and religious observances for all. Devotees resolve to observe some form of vow, be it of silence or abstaining from a favourite food item, or having only a single meal a day.

Shayani Ekadashi
Shayani Ekadashi (Sanskrit: शयनी एकादशी, romanized: Śayanī Ekādaśī, lit. 'eleventh day of sleep'), also known by various other names, is the eleventh lunar day (Ekadashi) of the bright fortnight (Shukla Paksha) of the Hindu month of Ashadha (June - July). This occasion is holy to Vaishnavas, the followers of the Hindu preserver deity, Vishnu, as it is regarded to be the day the deity's sleep commences.
Thomas Kwok
Thomas Kwok Ping-kwong (Chinese: 郭炳江; pinyin: Guō Bǐngjiāng; Cantonese Yale: Gwok Bínggōng; born October 6, 1951) is a Hong Kong billionaire, and the former joint chairman and managing director (with his brother Raymond Kwok) of Sun Hung Kai Properties, the largest property developer in Hong Kong. He received a five-year prison sentence for bribery in 2014.

Raymond Kwok
Raymond Kwok Ping-luen JP (Chinese: 郭炳聯, born 20 April 1953) is the chairman and managing director of Sun Hung Kai Properties, the largest property developer in Hong Kong. He is the chairman of SUNeVision Holdings Ltd. and SmarTone Telecommunications Holdings Limited. He is the youngest son of Kwok Tak Seng, and the youngest brother of Walter Kwok, and Thomas Kwok.
Peter Gallant
Peter J. Gallant (born December 20, 1958) is a Canadian curler from Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. He is the father of the 2017 Brier and World Champion Brett Gallant, and Christopher Gallant, a former PEI junior champion and 2014 Canadian University Champion.

Brett Gallant
Brett Philip Gallant (/ɡəˈlænt/ gə-LANT; born February 18, 1990, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) is a Canadian curler from Chestermere, Alberta. He is the 2026 Milano Cortina Olympic gold medallist, a former World Champion, and 2022 Beijing Olympic bronze medallist. He currently plays second on Team Brad Jacobs.
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.

Seaboard Coast Line Railroad
The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark SCL) was a Class I railroad company operating in the Southeastern United States beginning in 1967. Its passenger operations were taken over by Amtrak in 1971. Eventually, the railroad was merged with its affiliate lines to create the Seaboard System in 1983.

At the end of 1970, SCL operated 9,230 miles of railroad, not including A&WP-Clinchfield-CN&L-GM-Georgia-L&N-Carrollton; that year it reported 31,293 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 512 million passenger-miles.
Heliamphora
The genus Heliamphora (/hɛliˈæmfərə/ or /hiːliˈæmfərə/; Greek: helos "marsh" and amphoreus "amphora") contains 24 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America. The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the heli of Heliamphora is from the Greek helios, meaning "sun". The name instead derives from the Greek helos, meaning "marsh", so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants. Species in the genus Heliamphora are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape.  They have evolved mechanisms to  attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher.  At least one species (H. tatei) produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacteria.

Heliamphora tatei
Heliamphora tatei (after George Henry Hamilton Tate) is a species of marsh pitcher plant endemic to Cerro Duida, Cerro Huachamacari and Cerro Marahuaca in Venezuela. It is closely related to H. macdonaldae, H. neblinae, and H. parva, and all three have in the past been considered forms or varieties of H. tatei. Like H. tatei, these species are noted for their stem-forming growth habit.

Putative natural hybrids between H. macdonaldae and H. tatei have been recorded in the southern part of Cerro Duida.
Lazar Yazgur
Lazar Semionovich Yazgur (Russian: Ла́зарь Семё́нович Язгу́р; 7 June 1928, Leningrad, USSR – 2000, Israel) was a Soviet, Russian Jewish realist painter, who lived and worked in Leningrad, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 - the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
Tsurune: The Movie – The First Shot
Tsurune: The Movie – The First Shot (Japanese: 劇場版 ツルネ －はじまりの一射－, Hepburn: Gekijōban Tsurune: Hajimari no Issha) is a 2022 Japanese animated compilation film of the anime television series Tsurune (2018–2019), which itself is based on the light novel series of the same name by Kotoko Ayano. Produced by Kyoto Animation and distributed by Shochiku, the film is written and directed by Takuya Yamamura. The film follows Minato Narumiya, who has developed target panic from kyūdō in middle school, once again joining the kyūdo club of Kazemai High School.

The film was first announced in October 2020, with Yamamura attached to helm the project. In March 2022, the cast and staff of the film were revealed. Additional cast joined in April 2022.

Tsurune: The Movie – The First Shot premiered in Japan on August 19, 2022. The film grossed ¥125 million at the box office.

Tsurune
Tsurune (Japanese: ツルネ -風舞高校弓道部-, Hepburn: Tsurune: Kazemai Kōkō Kyūdō-bu; lit. 'Kazemai High School Archery Team') is a Japanese light novel series written by Kotoko Ayano, with illustrations by Chinatsu Morimoto. The first novel won a Special Judge Award in the Kyoto Animation Award competition in 2016, and was published by the studio in December of that year.

An anime television series adaptation, produced by Kyoto Animation, aired from October 2018 to January 2019. A compilation film premiered in August 2022. A second season aired from January to March 2023.
G.I. Samurai
G.I. Samurai (戦国自衛隊, Sengoku jieitai; Sengoku Self Defense Force) aka Time Slip, is a 1979 Japanese science fiction/action film focusing on the adventures of a modern-day Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) team that accidentally travels in time to the Warring States period (戦国時代, Sengoku jidai). The film stars Sonny Chiba, one of the top male Japanese actors, and was based on a novel by Ryo Hanmura, a well-known writer of historical novels and science fiction. A remake was theatrically released in Japan in 2005 under the title Samurai Commando: Mission 1549.

Samurai Commando: Mission 1549
Samurai Commando: Mission 1549, known in Japan as Sengoku Self-Defense Forces 1549 (戦国自衛隊1549, Sengoku Jieitai 1549), is a 2005 Japanese feature-length film and manga series focusing on the adventures of a modern-day Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) element that accidentally travels through time to the Warring States period of Japanese history.

Both the film and manga are based on Sengoku Jieitai (aka "Time-Slip", "GI Samurai", 1979), an action film which starred Sonny Chiba as the leader of a JGSDF platoon sent back to feudal Japan.

The manga series was drawn by manga artist group Ark Performance. The scenario was written by Fukui Harutoshi, based on Ryo Hanmura's novel.
Slayers Return
Slayers Return (Japanese: スレイヤーズ RETURN, Hepburn: Sureiyāzu Ritān), also known as Slayers Movie 2 - The Return, is a 1996 Japanese comic fantasy anime film written by Hajime Kanzaka and directed by Kunihiko Yuyama and Hiroshi Watanabe. It is the second film released in the Slayers saga and a sequel to 1995's Slayers Perfect that was itself followed by Slayers Great in 1997.

In Slayers Return, the mercenary heroines Lina Inverse and Naga the Serpent are hired to rescue a village girl from an evil wizard who is searching there for a legendary treasure that might be an invincible magical weapon instrumental for his plan of world domination. The film was met with a positive reception and was also adapted into a manga version by Kanzaka and Shoko Yoshinaka.

Slayers Great
Slayers Great (Japanese: スレイヤーズ ぐれえと, Hepburn: Sureiyāzu Gurēto) is a 1997 Japanese anime film written by Hajime Kanzaka and directed by Hiroshi Watanabe. It was the third film released in the Slayers saga and was met with a generally positive reception from Western critics. Great was followed by Slayers Gorgeous in 1997.

In the film, protagonist sorceresses Lina Inverse and Naga the Serpent arrive at a town where the art of golem-making is highly prized and become involved in the rivalry between a father and son with very different ideas on how golems should be made. When two opposing lords seek the aid of the men against each other, Lina and Naga find themselves the central attractions in a festive duel of massive golems powered by their magic.
Konstantinos Negris
Konstantinos Negris (1804 - 1880; Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Νέγρης) was a writer, mathematician, physicist, and professor. He fought in the Greek War of Independence. Konstantinos was a member of the prominent Phanariots family Negris. He was one of the first professors at the newly founded University of Athens and introduced the works of Legendre and Hachette to Greek education, also he was one of the first professors to study abroad; consequently, Greek students continued their studies in France and Germany.  He personally intervened in the education of Greek mathematician Ioannis Papadakis.  Both Papadakis and Negris influenced the educational path of Nikolaos Ch. Nikolaidis and Cyparissos Stephanos.  Konstantino's sons were Theodoros Negris and Fokion Negris.

Ioannis Papadakis
Ioannis G. Papadakis (c. 1820 – 1876 Greek: Ιωάννης Παπαδάκης) was a writer, mathematician, physicist, astronomer, meteorologist, and professor.  He was the second director of the National Observatory of Athens. He temporarily succeeded Georgios Konstantinos Vouris until Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt replaced him as the third director of the observatory.  His most notable work was the observation of the Moons of Jupiter and other meteorological observations in the 1850s.  He was also a Scottish rite freemason.
Harlequin Air
Harlequin Air  was an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of Fukuoka Airport in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It was owned by Japan Air System (later Japan Airlines Domestic in 2004), operating domestic passenger services.

Scheduled flights were wholly sold by Japan Airlines, therefore no ticket carried JH. Essentially, Japan Airlines wet leased them.

Japan Airlines Domestic
Japan Air System (JAS), later known as Japan Airlines Domestic from 2004, was the smallest of the big three Japanese airlines. In contrast to the other two, JAL and ANA, JAS' international route network was very small, but its domestic network incorporated many smaller airports that were not served by the two larger airlines. As an independent company, it was last headquartered in the JAS M1 Building at Haneda Airport in Ōta, Tokyo. It has since merged with Japan Airlines.

JAS was famous for its variety of aircraft liveries; Amy Chavez of The Japan Times described the rainbow liveries as "abstract." Many of its color schemes in the 1990s were designed by film director Akira Kurosawa.

The airline's slogan was "Good Speed Always".
Ralph S. Phillips
Ralph Saul Phillips (23 June 1913 – 23 November 1998) was an American mathematician and academic known for his contributions to functional analysis, scattering theory, and servomechanisms. He served as a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. He made major contributions to acoustical scattering theory in collaboration with Peter Lax, proving remarkable results on local energy decay and the connections between poles of the scattering matrix and the analytic properties of the resolvent. With Lax, he coauthored the widely referred book on scattering theory titled Scattering Theory for Automorphic Functions. Phillips received the 1997 Leroy P. Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement.

Peter Lax
Peter David Lax (1 May 1926 – 16 May 2025) was a Hungarian-born American mathematician and Abel Prize laureate working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics.

Lax made important contributions to integrable systems, fluid dynamics and shock waves, solitonic physics, hyperbolic conservation laws, and mathematical and scientific computing, among other fields. In a 1958 paper Lax stated a conjecture about matrix representations for third order hyperbolic polynomials which remained unproven for over four decades. Interest in the "Lax conjecture" grew as mathematicians working in several different areas recognized the importance of its implications in their field, until it was finally proven to be true in 2003.
Dollman vs. Demonic Toys
Dollman vs. Demonic Toys (on screen title being Dollman vs. the Demonic Toys) is a 1993 American direct-to-video horror film. It is a continuation of three films released by Full Moon Features: Dollman, Demonic Toys and Bad Channels.

Much of the movie consists of flashbacks from the three previous movies, aimed to enhance the story and promote the earlier movies. This film was followed by Puppet Master vs. Demonic Toys in 2004 with alternate designs for the toys, which initially aired on Syfy. In 2010, a direct sequel to the first film titled Demonic Toys 2 was released.

Bad Channels
Bad Channels is a 1992 American science fiction spoof direct-to-video film, produced by Full Moon Features and released by Paramount Home Video. It is about two aliens (Cosmo and Lump) who invade a radio station with the intention of capturing female humans, by using radio broadcasts. The hero is a DJ forced to combat the aliens alone when listeners think he is joking about the invasion.

The film also has its own soundtrack composed and performed by Blue Öyster Cult.
Ferrari 328
The Ferrari 328 GTB and GTS (Type F106) are mid-engine V8, two-seat sports cars created by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. It was the successor to the Ferrari 308 GTB and GTS. While mechanically still based on the 308, modifications were made to the body, chassis, and engine, most notably an increase in engine displacement to 3.2 L for increased power and torque output. The 328 is still considered by some enthusiasts to be one of the most reliable and functional Ferraris; unlike other models, much of its maintenance can be performed without lowering the engine from the vehicle. In 1989, the 328 was succeeded by the 348.

"GTB" refers to the Gran Turismo Berlinetta (coupé) (fixed roof) body while "GTS" signifies a Gran Turismo Spider (targa top).

The "328" numbers in the model title referred to the total cubic capacity of the engine, 3.2 litres, and 8 for the number of cylinders. The new model was introduced at the 1985 Frankfurt Salon alongside the Mondial 3.2 series.

Ferrari Mondial
The Ferrari Mondial (Type F108) is a mid-engined, V8, grand tourer manufactured and marketed by Ferrari between 1980 and 1993 – with styling by Pininfarina and bodywork by Carrozzeria Scaglietti.

Offered as either a 2+2 coupé or cabriolet, the Mondial has the slightly higher roofline, greater dimensions and increased weight to accommodate occasional rear seating for children or small adults.

The Mondial replaced the Ferrari 308/208 GT4 coupé and remains the last V8, rear mid-engined, 2+2 Ferrari.

The name Mondial, French for global, reflected its worldwide conformance with 1980 safety and emission standards — as well as the company's prominent motor racing victories. Ferrari had used the nameplate in the 1950s to celebrate Formula 1 World Championships and again in the 1970s to mark its Formula 1 World Constructors Championships.
Igor Fruman
Igor Fruman (born 1966) is a Soviet-born American businessman. He is an associate of Rudy Giuliani who, along with Lev Parnas, aided in a search in Ukraine for detrimental information on U.S. President Donald Trump's political opponents. This included looking for evidence for a narrative to counter Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation and information on former Vice President Joe Biden. He pleaded guilty to an unrelated campaign finance law violation in September 2021 and was sentenced to a one-year prison term in January 2022.

Lev Parnas
Lev Parnas (born February 6, 1972) is a Soviet-born American businessman and former associate of Rudy Giuliani. Parnas, Giuliani, Igor Fruman, John Solomon, Yuriy Lutsenko, Dmytro Firtash and his allies, Victoria Toensing and Joe diGenova, were involved in creating the false Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory, which was part of the Trump–Ukraine scandal's efforts to damage Joe Biden. As president, Donald Trump said he did not know Parnas nor what he was involved in; Parnas insisted Trump "knew exactly what was going on".

In October 2021, Parnas was found guilty in U.S. Federal Court on six counts related to illegal donations to the 2020 campaign of Donald Trump. He was sentenced to 20 months in prison, three years of supervised release and $2,322,500 in restitution on June 29, 2022.
Canon Ranch Railroad Eclipse Windmill
The Canon Ranch Railroad Eclipse Windmill is a historic windpump that was located near Sheffield, Texas.

The windmill was built in 1898 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It was one of only four known to exist and was the last one still situated above its original well.  It was restored in 2001 by the nationally renowned windmill expert, Jim Collums of Poteet, TX, and his nephew, Woldhagen James. In 2019, the windmill was moved to the National Ranching Heritage Center in Lubbock, Texas for additional restoration and permanent installation in the center's 27-acre historical park.

It is one of few surviving Railroad Eclipse Windmills, which were the largest commercially produced windmills in the U.S. and were used along railway routes in the Southwest.  This served as the primary source of water at the headquarters of the Canon Ranch. At 22.5 feet (6.9 m) in diameter, it is the largest size of windmill produced by the Eclipse Company.

Eclipse windmill
The Eclipse windmill was one of the more successful designs of windmill used to pump water in the nineteenth century United States.  It was invented by Leonard Wheeler, a Presbyterian minister who was working among the Ojibwe on the south shore of Lake Superior.  Wheeler perfected the device on his missionary homestead over nearly two decades, unknown to the larger technological world.  In 1866 health issues forced him to move to Beloit, Wisconsin, then a bustling industrial city, where  he was persuaded to patent the basic function of the device.  Although Wheeler died before he could witness the success of his invention, his sons carried on the legacy.  Some of the companies that succeeded the original Eclipse Windmill Company remain viable in the 21st century.
Norwegian National Academy of Opera
The Norwegian National Academy of Opera (Norwegian: Statens operahøgskole) is a former educational institution in Oslo, Norway, now part of Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo.

It was established in 1964 to provide a two-year education and accreditation in opera, and the school was given collegiate status in 1982. In 1996 the National Academy of Opera became part of Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO), along with the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry, the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts, the Norwegian National Academy of Ballet, and the National Academy of Theatre (Statens teaterhøgskole).

Oslo National Academy of the Arts
The Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Norwegian: Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO) is a tertiary institution in Oslo, Norway, that provides education in visual arts, design and performing arts. It is one of two public institutes of higher learning in Norway that teaches in visual arts and design, the other being the Bergen National Academy of the Arts in Bergen.

KHiO was created by merging five former colleges, or national academies: of Arts and Crafts; Fine Arts; Opera;  Ballet, and Theatre (Statens teaterhøgskole).