hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edwin John Butler
Sir Edwin John Butler CMG CIE FRS (13 August 1874 – 4 April 1943) was an Irish mycologist and plant pathologist. He became the Imperial Mycologist in India and later the first director of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology in England. He was knighted in 1939. During his twenty years in India, he began large scale surveys on fungi and plant pathology and published the landmark book Fungi and Disease in Plants: An Introduction to the Diseases of Field and Plantation Crops, especially those of India and the East (1918) and has been called the Father of Mycology and Plant Pathology in India.

International Mycological Institute
The International Mycological Institute was a non-profit organisation, based in England, that undertook research and disseminated information on fungi, particularly plant pathogenic species causing crop diseases. It was established as the Imperial Bureau of Mycology at Kew in 1920 and amalgamated with CAB International in 1998.
Haval F7
The Haval F7 is a compact sport utility vehicle produced by Great Wall Motor under the Haval brand since 2018. The first generation was introduced both in China and Russia, with the regular crossover SUV body style launched in late 2018, and the cross-coupe version introduced in 2019. The second generation model was sold in China from 2021 to 2025 as the Haval Shenshou and was only introduced in Russia in 2024 as the second generation F7.

Haval Shenshou
The Haval Shenshou (Chinese: 哈弗神兽; pinyin: Hāfú Shénshòu; lit. 'divine beast', 'mythical beast') is a compact crossover SUV produced by Great Wall Motor under the Haval brand.

In the company's model range, it occupies a place between the Haval H7 and the flagship Haval H9.

Since August 2024, it has been produced in Russia at the plant near Tula as the second generation Haval F7. A coupe SUV version is also available as the Haval F7x since March 2025.
California's 49th congressional district
California's 49th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California.  The district is represented by Mike Levin.

The district currently covers the northern coastal areas of San Diego County, including Oceanside, Vista, Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach and parts of Del Mar as well as a portion of southern Orange County, including San Clemente, Dana Point, San Juan Capistrano, Ladera Ranch, Laguna Niguel and Rancho Mission Viejo.  Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is in the district.

In the 2016 election, Darrell Issa won by a margin of less than 1%. In the 2018 election, this district was considered to be a major battleground. Rep. Issa announced that he would not seek reelection. Following the November 6, 2018, election, Democrat Mike Levin became the district's congressman.

Solana Beach, California
Solana Beach (Solana, Spanish for "sunny side") is a beach city in San Diego County, California, on the South Coast. Its population was at 12,940 at the 2020 U.S. census, up from 12,867 at the 2010 census.
Balsaminaceae
The Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genera: Impatiens, which consists of over 1000 species, and Hydrocera, consisting of 1 species. The flowering plants may be annual or perennial.  They are found throughout temperate and tropical regions, primarily in Asia and Africa, but also North America and Europe.

Notable members of the family include jewelweed and busy Lizzie.

Impatiens
Impatiens /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/ is a genus of more than 1,000 species of flowering plants, widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics. Together with the genus Hydrocera (one species), Impatiens make up the family Balsaminaceae.

Common names in North America include impatiens, jewelweed, touch-me-not, snapweed and patience. As a rule-of-thumb, "jewelweed" is used exclusively for Nearctic species, and balsam is usually applied to tropical species. In the British Isles by far the most common names are impatiens and busy lizzie, especially for the many varieties, hybrids and cultivars involving Impatiens walleriana. "Busy lizzie" is also found in the American literature. Impatiens glandulifera is commonly called policeman's helmet in the UK, where it is an introduced species.
Mississippi Highway 13
Mississippi Highway 13 (MS 13) is a state highway in Mississippi. It runs from north to south for 160.1 miles (257.7 km), serving the counties of Forrest, Pearl River, Lamar, Marion, Jefferson Davis, Simpson, Rankin, Smith, Scott, and Leake.

Forrest County, Mississippi
Forrest County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,158. Its county seat and largest city is Hattiesburg. The county was created from Perry County in 1908 and named in honor of Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Confederate general in the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Forrest County is part of the Hattiesburg, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Distributivity (order theory)
In the mathematical area of order theory, there are various notions of the common concept of distributivity, applied to the formation of suprema and infima. Most of these apply to partially ordered sets that are at least lattices, but the concept can in fact reasonably be generalized to semilattices as well.

Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
Billy Campbell
William Oliver Campbell (born July 7, 1959) is an American film and television actor. He first gained recognition for his recurring role as Luke Fuller on the television series Dynasty, and as the titular character Cliff Secord / The Rocketeer in the superhero film The Rocketeer (1991). He then starred as Rick Sammler on Once and Again (1999-2002), earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor – Television Series Drama.

He also portrayed Det. Joey Indelli on Crime Story (1985-96), Dr. Jon Fielding on the miniseries Tales of the City (1993) and its sequels, Darren Richmond on The Killing (2011-13),  and Dr. Alan Farragut on Helix (2014-15). Campbell starred as Det. John Cardinal on the Canadian CTV series Cardinal, for which he won three Canadian Screen Awards. He is also known for his film roles in Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), Gettysburg (1993), and Enough (2002).

Tales of the City (1993 miniseries)
Tales of the City (formally Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City) is a 1993 television miniseries based on the first of the Tales of the City series of novels by Armistead Maupin.

To date, the first three books have been adapted into television miniseries; the first, Tales of the City, was produced by the UK's Channel 4 and was first screened in the UK in 1993, then shown on PBS in the US in January 1994. Channel 4 eventually teamed up with the American cable network Showtime to produce the sequel, More Tales of the City, which premiered in the US and UK in 1998. The third installment of the series, Further Tales of the City, was produced by Showtime (without Channel 4) and was originally aired in the US on Showtime in May 2001.

A fourth installment, Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City, premiered on Netflix on 7 June 2019, with Laura Linney, Olympia Dukakis, Barbara Garrick and Paul Gross reprising their roles.
WXMG (FM)
WXMG (95.5 MHz "Magic 95.5") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Lancaster, Ohio, and serving the Columbus metropolitan area.  It is owned by Urban One and broadcasts an urban adult contemporary radio format.  WXMG carries nationally syndicated shows from Rickey Smiley, D.L. Hughley and Al B. Sure!  The radio studios and offices are on East First Avenue in Columbus.

WXMG's effective radiated power (ERP) is 21,000 watts. The transmitter is on Stoney Hill Road SW in Delmont, Ohio, near U.S. Route 22.

WWLG
WWLG (107.1 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Circleville, Ohio, and serving the Columbus metropolitan area. Branded as "La Mega", the station is owned by Urban One and broadcasts a combination Spanish AC/Regional Mexican format.

WWLG's effective radiated power (ERP) is 6,000 watts. The transmitter site is on Ringgold-Fairfield Road in Circleville.
Jo Parrish
Jo Parrish is a fictional character from the Australian television police drama Blue Heelers, played by Jane Allsop. She made her first appearance during the sixth season episode "Hello Goodbye", broadcast on 18 August 1999. The character left in the eleventh season on 6 July 2004, after being killed in an explosion. She was the seventh longest serving character behind Tom Croydon, Chris Riley, P.J. Hasham, Ben Stewart, Maggie Doyle and Nick Schultz

Tom Croydon
Thomas Arthur "Tom" Croydon is a fictional character in the long-running Australian police drama Blue Heelers, portrayed by John Wood. A long-serving member of the police force, Tom has decades of experience of being a police officer in a small country town, and an attitude which earns him the respect, trust and even affection of his subordinates. As the most senior officer in the country town of Mount Thomas, he frequently acts as a mentor and father figure to the junior members of the station, but eventually a series of personal tragedies put him into a downward spiral which threatens both his personal and professional lives. He is one of two characters, along with Chris Riley, to appear in all thirteen seasons of the show, and is the only character to appear in all 510 episodes to air.
Louise Penny
Louise Penny CM OQ (1 July 1958), is a Canadian crime-fiction author, best known for her Chief Inspector Armand Gamache series set in Quebec. Her novels have been translated into over 23 languages, sold millions of copies worldwide, and repeatedly reached number 1 on the New York Times Best Seller list. She has also earned prestigious awards including multiple Agatha and Anthony Awards, and was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada and an Officer of the National Order of Quebec in 2017.

National Order of Quebec
The National Order of Quebec (French: l'Ordre national du Québec), also known as the Order of Quebec, is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Quebec. Instituted in 1984 when Lieutenant Governor Jean-Pierre Côté granted royal assent to the Loi sur l'Ordre national du Québec (National Order of Quebec Act), the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Quebec residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour in Quebec. In 1986, the order was expanded to include honorary membership for people outside Quebec.
Samuel Bochart
Samuel Bochart (30 May 1599 – 16 May 1667) was a French Protestant biblical scholar, a student of Thomas Erpenius and the teacher of Pierre Daniel Huet. His two-volume Geographia Sacra seu Phaleg et Canaan (Caen 1646) exerted a profound influence on seventeenth-century Biblical exegesis.

Bochart was one of the several generations of antiquaries who expanded upon the basis Renaissance humanists had laid down, complementing their revolutionary hermeneutics by setting classical texts more firmly within the cultural contexts of Greek and Roman societies, without understanding of which they could never be fully understood. Thus Bochart stands at the beginning of a discipline of the history of ideas that provides the modern context for all textual studies.

Pierre Daniel Huet
Pierre Daniel Huet (French: [y.ɛ]; Latin: Huetius; 8 February 1630 – 26 January 1721) was a French churchman and scholar, editor of the Delphin Classics, founder of the Académie de Physique in Caen (1662–1672) and Bishop of Soissons from 1685 to 1689 and afterwards of Avranches.
Stephen Page
Stephen George Page AO is an Aboriginal Australian choreographer, film director and former dancer. He was artistic director of the Bangarra Dance Theatre, an Indigenous Australian dance company, from 1991 until 2022. During this time he choreographed or created 33 works for the company, as well as several other major works, including segments of the opening and closing ceremonies of the Sydney Olympic Games. He was artistic director of the 2004 Adelaide Festival of the Arts, and has also done work for theatre and film.

Bangarra Dance Theatre
Bangarra Dance Theatre is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander dance company focused on contemporary dance. It was founded by African American dancer and choreographer Carole Y. Johnson, Gumbaynggirr man Rob Bryant, and South African-born Cheryl Stone. Bangarra (pronounced bungurra) means "to make fire" in the Wiradjuri language.

Stephen Page was artistic director from 1991 to 2021, with Frances Rings taking over in 2022. The company has received many Helpmann Awards as well as other accolades. To date (2024), Bennelong (2017) and Dark Emu  (2018) have been Bangarra's most successful works, playing to huge audiences around the country.
International University of Japan
The International University of Japan (国際大学, Kokusai Daigaku), abbreviated IUJ, is a private university located in Minamiuonuma, Niigata, Japan.

Established in 1982, IUJ is Japan’s first graduate university offering only graduate programs, and one of the few that conducts all courses in English. It was founded in 1982. It offers Master's degrees in International Development, Economics, Public Management, and International Relations, as well as an MBA. The Digital Transformation Program began in 2021, followed by the International Public Policy Program in 2022. IUJ is  accredited by the Ministry of Education, Japan, and its Graduate School of International Management earned AACSB accreditation in 2018.

Each year, IUJ welcomes students from more than 50 countries, maintaining a close-knit community of around 310 students. Its diversity was highlighted during the university’s 25th anniversary with a Guinness World Record attempt for "the most nationalities in a sauna (50)".

Minamiuonuma
Minamiuonuma (南魚沼市, Minamiuonuma-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 55,354 with 20,047 households, and a population density of 96.1 persons per km2. Its total area was 584.55 square kilometres (225.70 sq mi).
2AY
2AY is an Australian classic hits and talk radio formatted AM radio station, broadcasting to Albury, New South Wales and the surrounding areas of South West New South Wales and North East Victoria. It is owned and operated by Ace Radio.

Ace Radio
Ace Radio Broadcasters is an Australian media company. Formed in 1984, it operates 21 commercial radio stations in Victoria and southern New South Wales, as well as the digital marketing agency Ace Digital and The Weekly Advertiser, a free newspaper distributed across the Wimmera region.
Charlotte du Val d'Ognes
Charlotte du Val d'Ognes, born Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d'Ognes, (1786 - 1868) was a French aristocrat who is notable for being the subject of the 1801 portrait painting Portrait of Charlotte du Val d'Ognes by Marie-Denise Villers.

Portrait of Charlotte du Val d'Ognes
Portrait of Charlotte du Val d'Ognes is an 1801 painting (portrait painting) attributed to Marie-Denise Villers. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The painting was first acquired by the museum in 1922 and attributed to Jacques Louis David. Later, the painting was attributed to Constance Marie Charpentier and finally to Villers.
Tweel
The Tweel (a portmanteau of tire and wheel) is an airless tire design developed by the French tire company Michelin. Its significant advantage over pneumatic tires is that the Tweel does not use a bladder full of compressed air, and therefore cannot burst, leak pressure, or become flat. Instead, the Tweel's hub is connected to the rim via flexible polyurethane spokes which fulfil the shock-absorbing role provided by the compressed air in a traditional tire.

Airless tire
Airless tires, non-pneumatic tires (NPT), or flat-free tires are tires that are not supported by air pressure. They can be used on small vehicles such as ride-on lawn mowers and motorized golf carts. They also are used on heavy equipment required to operate on sites where risk of tire punctures is high. Tires composed of closed-cell polyurethane foam are also made for bicycles and wheelchairs.
Pere Marquette 1223
The Pere Marquette 1223 is a N-1 class 2-8-4 "Berkshire" type steam locomotive built in November 1941 by the Lima Locomotive Works for the Pere Marquette Railway, it is on permanent display in Grand Haven, Michigan. It is one of two surviving Pere Marquette 2-8-4 "Berkshire" type locomotives, along with sibling engine No. 1225, the inspiration for the locomotive in the book and movie versions of The Polar Express, which is in operating condition.

2-8-4
Under the Whyte notation, a 2-8-4 is a steam locomotive that has two unpowered leading wheels, followed by eight coupled and powered  driving wheels, and four trailing wheels. This locomotive type is most often referred to as a Berkshire, though the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway used the name Kanawha for their 2-8-4s. In Europe, this wheel arrangement was mostly seen in mainline passenger express locomotives and, in certain countries, in tank locomotives.
Lagamal
Lagamal or Lagamar (Akkadian: "no mercy") was a Mesopotamian deity associated chiefly with Dilbat (modern Tell  al-Deylam). A female form of Lagamal was worshiped in Terqa on the Euphrates in Upper Mesopotamia. The male Lagamal was also at some point introduced to the pantheon of Susa in Elam.

Lagamal was regarded as an underworld deity, and in that capacity could be associated with Mesopotamian Nergal or Elamite Inshushinak. In Mesopotamian sources, his father was Urash, the tutelary god of Dilbat. In Susa, Lagamal formed a pair with Ishmekarab, a deity associated with law and justice, while documents from Mari indicate that in Terqa she was connected with the local god Ikšudum.

Ikšudum
Ikšudum or Yakšudum was a Mesopotamian god worshiped in the kingdom of Mari, possibly a deified ancestor. He was closely associated with Lagamal. A possibly related deity is also listed among the hounds of Marduk in the god list An = Anum. Texts from Mari mention a ritual procession of Ikšudum and Lagamal. The pair was also invoked in oath formulas.
Beta (climbing)
Beta is a climbing term that designates information about how to ascend a climbing route, and the specific climbing techniques required—and how to apply them—to overcome the key challenges encountered. Traditionally sourced in climbing guidebooks, online databases and apps now provide detailed climbing beta. The term is attributed to Texan climber Jack Mileski.

When a climber completes a route on their first attempt and without falling, it is called an onsight if they had no beta, or a flash if they had beta (a completion after several failed attempts is called a redpoint). New grade milestones in the on-sighting and flashing of routes are actively followed in the climbing media.  The discovery of new beta has led to the re-grading of notable and historic climbing routes.

Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Brian Hlongwa
Thamsanqa Brian Hlongwa (died 23 December 2025) was a South African politician who was Gauteng's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Health from March 2006 to May 2009. He was a member of the African National Congress and served multiple terms on the party's Provincial Executive Committee in Gauteng. He was also the party's Chief Whip in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature until October 2018, when he resigned amid a corruption scandal relating to his tenure as Health MEC. He was charged with fraud and corruption in late 2021.

Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress
The Provincial Executive Committees (PECs) of the African National Congress (ANC) are the chief executive organs of the party's nine provincial branches. Comprising the so-called “Top Five” provincial officials and up to 30 additional elected members, each is structured similarly to the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) and is elected every four years at party provincial conferences.

The “Top Five” officials at the head of each PEC are the ANC Provincial Chairperson, the political leader of the party in the province; the ANC Provincial Secretary, a full-time party functionary; their respective deputies; and the Provincial Treasurer. With some notable exceptions, especially under President Thabo Mbeki, the Provincial Chairperson often becomes the ANC's candidate for election as Premier in the corresponding provincial government, and other members of the PEC are often appointed to the provincial cabinet as Members of the Executive Council.
Liubomyr Huzar
Liubomyr Huzar MSU (Ukrainian: Любомир Гузар; 26 February 1933 – 31 May 2017) was the Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the first elected in independent Ukraine. He was also a cardinal of the Catholic Church. After the transfer of the see of Lviv to Kyiv in 2005, he was the Ukrainian Catholic Major Archbishop of Kyiv-Galicia. In February 2011 he became Major Archeparch Emeritus after he resigned due to ill health.

Major archbishop
In the Eastern Catholic Churches, major archbishop (sometimes also styled as major archeparch) is a title for the chief hierarch ("Father and Head") of an autonomous (sui juris) particular Church that has not been "endowed with the patriarchal title". Major archbishops generally have the same rights, privileges, and jurisdiction as Eastern Catholic patriarchs, except where expressly provided otherwise, and rank immediately after them in precedence of honor.

In addition to their role governing their particular Church, major archbishops, like Eastern Catholic patriarchs, are ex officio members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in the Roman Curia. They are required to attend the annual general meeting of this congregation, as well as other sessions if they are visiting Rome or are otherwise able.

There are currently four major archbishops each leading a major archiepiscopal autonomous Church.
Leone Cattani
Leone Cattani (5 January 1906 – 29 October 1980) was an Italian lawyer, politician and anti-Fascist activist.

Between December 1944 and December 1945 he served as secretary general of the Italian Liberal Party.  Later, in 1955, he was a co-founder of the Italian Radical Party.

Italian Liberal Party
The Italian Liberal Party (Italian: Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI) was a liberal political party in Italy.

The PLI, which was heir to the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left, was a minor party after World War II, but also a frequent junior party in government, especially after 1979. It originally represented the right-wing of the Italian liberal movement, while the Italian Republican Party the left-wing. The PLI disintegrated in 1994 following the fallout of the Tangentopoli corruption scandal and was succeeded by several minor parties. The party's most influential leaders were Giovanni Giolitti, Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Malagodi.