hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trinity Sunday
Trinity Sunday is the first Sunday after Pentecost in the Western Christian liturgical calendar, and the Sunday of Pentecost in Eastern Christianity. Trinity Sunday celebrates the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, the three Persons of God: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday that takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus, Mary, and other followers of the Christ, while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:1–31). Pentecost marks the "Birthday of the Church".

Pentecost is one of the Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church, a Solemnity in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, and a Principal Feast in the Anglican Communion. Many Christian denominations provide a special liturgy for this holy celebration. Since its date depends on the date of Easter, Pentecost is a "moveable feast". The Monday after Pentecost is a legal holiday in many European, African and Caribbean countries.
Frederick Mackeson
Lieutenant colonel Frederick Mackeson CB (2 September 1807 – 14 September 1853) was an East India Company officer operating in the North West Frontier of British India and one of Henry Lawrence's "Young Men".

Henry Lawrence's "Young Men"
Henry Lawrence's "Young Men", also known as "the Paladins of the Punjaub", were a group of East India Company officers sent to act as "advisers" to the Sikhs after the First Sikh War in 1846. In the words of George Lawrence, his duties were "to act as a friendly adviser to the native officials". They served under the command of Sir Henry Lawrence, initially the Agent to the Governor General and later also the Resident at Lahore.

Collectively these men laid the foundations of British rule in the Punjab and Northwest Frontier between the First Anglo-Sikh War and the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Khalid al-Qasri
Khālid ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Qasrī (Arabic: خالد بن عبد الله القسري; died 743) was an Arab who served the Umayyad Caliphate as governor of Mecca in the 8th century and of Iraq from 724 until 738. The latter post, entailing as it did control over the entire eastern Caliphate, made him one of the most important officials during the crucial reign of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He is most notable for his support of the Yaman tribes in the conflict with the Qays who dominated the administration of Iraq and the East under his predecessor and successor. Following his dismissal, he was twice imprisoned and in 734 tortured to death by his successor, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi.

Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi
Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi (Arabic: يوسف بن عمر الثقفي) was a senior provincial governor for the Umayyad Caliphate. His policies during his tenure as governor of Iraq in 738–744 deepened the Qays–Yaman rivalry and were one of the main factors in the outbreak of the civil war of the Third Fitna, during which he was executed.
Bolivartherium
Bolivartherium is an extinct genus of mylodontine mylodontid sloth that lived during the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene in what is now Venezuela. Fossils have been found in the Codore and Urumaco Formations of Venezuela.

Urumaco Formation
The Urumaco Formation is a formation in Venezuela that includes deposits from the Late Miocene. It is the site of several "giant forms": the turtles, crocodiles, sloths and rodents of Urumaco are among the largest of their groups.
Kathleen Buhle
Kathleen Anne Buhle (born c. 1969), formerly known as Kathleen Biden, is an American writer and non-profit executive. She is the founder and CEO of the non-profit organization The House at 1229. Buhle is the author of the 2022 memoir If We Break: A Memoir of Marriage, Addiction, and Healing, which details her life while married to Hunter Biden, a son of 46th U.S. President Joe Biden.

If We Break
If We Break: A Memoir of Marriage, Addiction and Healing is a 2022 memoir by Kathleen Buhle, the former wife of Hunter Biden. The book centers around the couple's marriage and is critical of Biden, noting his alcoholism, drug abuse, and extramarital affairs.
Terai
The Terai or Tarai is a lowland region in parts of southern Nepal and northern India that lies to the south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas, the Sivalik Hills and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. 
This region is characterised by tall grasslands, scrub savannah, sal forests and clay rich swamps. In North India, the Terai spreads from the Yamuna River eastward across Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. The Terai is part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion.
Nepal's Terai stretches over 33,998.8 km2 (13,127.0 sq mi), about 23.1% of Nepal's land area, and lies at an elevation of between 67 and 300 m (220 and 984 ft). The region comprises more than 50 wetlands. North of the Terai rises the Bhabar, a narrow but continuous belt of forest about 8–12 km (5.0–7.5 mi) wide.

Indo-Gangetic Plain
The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian Plain or the Indus-Gangetic Plain, is a fertile plain spanning 700,000 km2 (270,000 sq mi) across the northern and north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. It encompasses northern and eastern India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal, and almost all of Bangladesh. It is named after the two major river systems that drain the region–Indus and Ganges.

It stretches from the Himalayas in the north to the northern edge of the Deccan Plateau in the south, and extends from North East India in the east to the Iranian border in the west. The region is home to many major cities and nearly one-seventh of the world's population. As the region was formed by the deposits of the three major rivers–Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, the plains consist of the world's largest expanse of uninterrupted alluvium. Due to its rich water resources, it is one of the world's most densely populated and intensely farmed areas.
Serhiy Rebrov club
Serhiy Rebrov Club (Ukrainian: Клуб Сергія Реброва) is a non-official name of the list of football players who have scored 100 or more goals during their professional career in the Ukrainian Premier League only. This club is named after the first player to score 100 goals in Ukrainian Premier League – Serhiy Rebrov, who reached this milestone during the 1999–2000 season.

Serhiy Rebrov and Maksim Shatskikh share the record for most goals scored, while the most recent player to join the club is Yevhen Seleznyov, who did it on 3 May 2015.

For Ukrainian players who have scored 100 or more goals during their professional career in Ukraine, there is the Timerlan Huseinov club. Aside from that, there is also another club (Oleh Blokhin club) that is designated for all Ukrainian players who have scored 100+ goals during their professional career in and outside Ukraine playing for Ukrainian and/or Soviet clubs and national teams.

Timerlan Huseinov club
Timerlan Huseinov Club (Ukrainian: Клуб Тимерлана Гусейнова) is a non-official list of Ukrainian football players that have scored 100 or more goals during their professional career in top Ukrainian league, cup, European cups and national team. This club is named after first Ukrainian player to score 100 goals - Timerlan Huseinov.
Thaine's theorem
In mathematics, Thaine's theorem is an analogue of Stickelberger's theorem for real abelian fields, introduced by Francisco Thaine (1988). Thaine's method has been used to shorten the proof of the Mazur–Wiles theorem (Washington 1997), to prove that some Tate–Shafarevich groups are finite, and in the proof of Mihăilescu's theorem (Schoof 2008).

Main conjecture of Iwasawa theory
In mathematics, the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory is a deep relationship between p-adic L-functions and ideal class groups of cyclotomic fields, proved by Kenkichi Iwasawa for primes satisfying the Kummer–Vandiver conjecture and proved for all primes by
Mazur and Wiles (1984). The Herbrand–Ribet theorem and the Gras conjecture are both easy consequences of the main conjecture.
There are several generalizations of the main conjecture, to totally real fields, CM fields, elliptic curves, and so on.
Umrao Singh Sher-Gil
Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia (1870–1954) was an Indian aristocrat, scholar of Sanskrit and philosophy, and photographer. He was known as one of the pioneers of photography in India, leaving behind over 3,000 prints, including the hundreds of family portraits and over 80 self-portraits staged in a mise-en-scène style.

His daughters included the artist Amrita Sher-Gil and Indira Sundaram. In India, a photography grant named after him was instituted in 2015.

Amrita Sher-Gil
Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was a Hungarian–Indian painter. She has been called "one of the greatest avant-garde women artists of the early 20th century" and a pioneer in modern Indian art. Drawn to painting from an early age, Sher-Gil started formal lessons at the age of eight. She first gained recognition at the age of 19, for her 1932 oil painting Young Girls. Sher-Gil depicted everyday life of the people in her paintings.

Sher-Gil travelled throughout her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and India, deriving heavily from precolonial Indian art styles as well as contemporary culture. Sher-Gil is considered an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands on a level with that of the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also an avid reader and a pianist. Sher-Gil's paintings are among the most expensive by Indian women painters today, although few acknowledged her work when she was alive.
Toledo, Washington
Toledo is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. The community is situated on the Cowlitz River.

Named after a paddle steamer, Toledo began out of pioneer settlement, the Cowlitz Farm, and the beginnings of several ports known as Plomondon's Landing, Warbassport, and Cowlitz Landing. The community incorporated in 1892.

Toledo is home to an annual Cheese Days festival that celebrates the town's dairy history and the New Year's Eve Giant Cheese Ball Drop. In addition to nearby Gospodor Monument Park and Saint Francis Xavier Mission, several small parks and Ed Carlson Memorial Field are located in the city.

South Lewis County Airport
South Lewis County Airport (IATA: TDO, ICAO: KTDO, FAA LID: TDO), also known as Ed Carlson Memorial Field, is a county-owned public-use airport in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located three nautical miles (4 mi, 6 km) north of the central business district of Toledo, Washington.

This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.
D.C. Armory
The D.C. Armory is a mixed armory and 10,000-seat arena in Washington, D.C. Managed by the Events DC, the Armory opened in 1941, as the headquarters, armory, and training facility for the District of Columbia National Guard. In 1994, it become a venue for a broad range of sports and public events. The Armory is adjacent to Stadium–Armory station and the RFK Stadium campus and future site of New Commanders Stadium.

Events DC
Events DC is the convention, sports and entertainment authority for Washington, D.C. Events DC owns and manages the Walter E. Washington Convention Center, CareFirst Arena, and Nationals Park, among other DC venues. It also promotes, sponsors and attracts sporting and cultural events to the District.
Yap Ah Loy
Kapitan China Yap Ah Loy (Chinese: 葉亞來; pinyin: Yè Yǎlái; Cantonese Yale: Yihp A-lòih; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ya̍p Â-lòi, Jawi: يب الوي‎; 14 March 1837 – 15 April 1885), also known as Yap Tet Loy and Yap Mao Lan, is an important figure of early Kuala Lumpur. He served as the third Kapitan China of Kuala Lumpur, and in this administrative capacity, played an important role in developing the city as a commercial and mining centre during the 19th century.

After the independence of the Federation of Malaya from the British Empire on 31 August 1957 and later the Formation of Malaysia in 1963, Kuala Lumpur became the capital of Malaysia. Today, there is a street named after him in the heart of Chinatown in Kuala Lumpur, known as "Jalan Yap Ah Loy" or "Yap Ah Loy Road".

Kapitan Cina
Kapitan Cina (lit. 'Captain of the Chinese'; Chinese: 華人甲必丹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hôa-jîn Kap-pit-tan; pinyin: Huárén Jiǎbìdān; Dutch: Kapitein der Chinezen; Spanish: Capitán Chino), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaya, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively.
Lai Châu province
Lai Châu (Vietnamese pronunciation: [lāi cʌ̄w] ⓘ) is a mountainous province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. Lai Châu was a semi-independent White Tai confederation known as Sip Song Chau Tai, was absorbed by France into French Indochina in the 1880s and became part of Vietnam following Vietnamese independence in 1954. It became part of the Northwest Autonomous Area of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975, when Lai Châu province was formed. Điện Biên province was carved out of Lai Châu in 2004. The province covers an area of about 9,069 km2 (3,501 mi2) and as of 2022 it had a population of 482,100 people.

Điện Biên province
Điện Biên is a province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is bordered by Lai Châu to the northeast, Sơn La to the southeast, Pu'er City, Yunnan, China, to the northwest, and Phongsaly province in Laos to the west. The province covers an area of about 9,540 km2 (3,683 mi2) and as of 2024 it had a population of 656,700 people.
Emperor Tenji
Emperor Tenji (天智天皇, Tenji-tennō; 626 – January 7, 672), known first as Prince Katsuragi (葛城皇子, Katsuragi no Ōji) and later as Prince Nakano Ōe (中大兄皇子, Nakano Ōe no Ōji) until his accession, was the 38th emperor of Japan who reigned from 668 to 671. He was the son of Emperor Jomei and Empress Kōgyoku (Empress Saimei), and his children included Empress Jitō, Empress Genmei, and Emperor Kōbun.

In 645, Tenji and Fujiwara no Kamatari defeated Soga no Emishi and Soga no Iruka. He established a new government and carried out political reforms. He then assumed real political power as the crown prince of both Emperor Kōtoku and Empress Saimei. Despite the death of Empress Saimei, he did not accede to the throne for seven years, and came to the throne only after the relocation of the capital to Ōmi in 668. He created Japan's first family register, the Kōgo Nenjaku, and the first code of law, the Ōmi Code.

Emperor Jomei
Emperor Jomei (舒明天皇, Jomei-tennō; April 17, 593 – November 17, 641) was the 34th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Jomei's reign spanned the years from 629 through 641.
Holy Trinity Seminary
Holy Trinity Seminary is a Catholic seminary residence in Irving, Texas, United States, in the Diocese of Dallas, Texas that is located within the University of Dallas campus, founded in 1964. It is headed by Fr.
Vincent Anyama.

Seminarians at Holy Trinity Seminary attend classes at the University of Dallas. The University of Dallas is an independent Catholic university with strong ties to the Diocese of Dallas. As a non-degree-granting academic residence, Holy Trinity Seminary is not separately accredited by any accrediting organization, but is approved by the Diocese of Dallas and the Holy See for the formation of candidates for the priesthood prior to receiving the sacrament of holy orders.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas
The Diocese of Dallas (Latin: Diœcesis Dallasensis) is a Catholic diocese in North Texas in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of San Antonio, founded in 1890. The mother church is the National Shrine Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Dallas. The bishop is Edward J. Burns.
Partial equivalence relation
In mathematics, a partial equivalence relation (often abbreviated as PER, in older literature also called restricted equivalence relation) is a homogeneous binary relation that is symmetric and transitive. If the relation is also reflexive, then the relation is an equivalence relation.

Equivalence relation
In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments in geometry is a common example of an equivalence relation. A simpler example is numerical equality. Any number  is equal to itself (reflexive). If , then  (symmetric). If  and , then  (transitive).

Each equivalence relation provides a partition of the underlying set into disjoint equivalence classes. Two elements of the given set are equivalent to each other if and only if they belong to the same equivalence class.
Shi Hongzhao
Shi Hongzhao (Chinese: 史弘肇) (died December 24, 950), courtesy name Huayuan (化元), formally the Prince of Zheng (鄭王) (as posthumously honored during Later Zhou), was a major general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Later Han state. Shi was one of the key officials that Later Han's founding emperor Liu Zhiyuan (Emperor Gaozu) left in charge of the government during the youth of his son and successor Liu Chengyou (Emperor Yin), but Liu Chengyou eventually tired of these officials' governance and had Shi killed, along with Yang Bin and Wang Zhang.

Yang Bin
Yang Bin (楊邠) (died December 24, 950), formally the Prince of Hongnong (弘農王) (as posthumously honored during Later Zhou), was a chancellor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Later Han state, serving effectively as the head of the government for most of the reign of its second emperor Liu Chengyou (Emperor Yin), leading a group of high-ranking officials in doing so. However, Liu Chengyou eventually tired of these officials' governance and had Yang killed, along with Shi Hongzhao and Wang Zhang.
Triphosgene
Triphosgene (bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (BTC)) is a chemical compound with the formula OC(OCCl3)2.  It is used as a solid substitute for phosgene, which is a gas and diphosgene, which is a liquid. Triphosgene is stable up to 200 °C. Triphosgene is used in a variety of halogenation reactions.

Phosgene
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. In 2013, about 75–80 % of global phosgene was consumed for isocyanates, 18% for polycarbonates and about 5% for other fine chemicals.

Phosgene is extremely poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas.

It is classified as a Schedule 3 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds, such as chloroform.
Roxheim
Roxheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rüdesheim, whose seat is in the municipality of Rüdesheim an der Nahe. Roxheim is a winegrowing village.

Rüdesheim an der Nahe
Rüdesheim an der Nahe, or simply Rüdesheim (German pronunciation: [ˈʁyːdəshaɪm] ⓘ), is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rüdesheim, and is also its seat. Rüdesheim customarily takes the tag “an der Nahe” to distinguish itself from nearby Rüdesheim am Rhein. Rüdesheim is laid out in state planning as a lower centre. Rüdesheim is a winegrowing village.
Hitman 2 (2025 film)
Hitman 2 (Korean: 히트맨 2) is a 2025 South Korean action comedy film directed by Choi Won-sub. The film, a sequel to the 2020 film Hitman: Agent Jun, stars Kwon Sang-woo, Jung Joon-ho, Lee Yi-kyung, Hwang Woo-seul-hye, Kim Sung-oh, and Lee Ji-won. It was released on January 22, 2025. The film has grossed US$17.8 million worldwide, becoming the third-highest-grossing South Korean film of 2025.

Hitman: Agent Jun
Hitman: Agent Jun (Korean: 히트맨; RR: Hiteumaen; lit. Hitman) is a 2020 South Korean action comedy film directed by Choi Won-sub, starring Kwon Sang-woo, Jung Joon-ho, Hwang Woo-seul-hye, Lee Yi-kyung and Lee Ji-won. It was released on January 22, 2020.
Phosgene
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. In 2013, about 75–80 % of global phosgene was consumed for isocyanates, 18% for polycarbonates and about 5% for other fine chemicals.

Phosgene is extremely poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas.

It is classified as a Schedule 3 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds, such as chloroform.

Acyl chloride
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. Their formula is usually written R−COCl, where R is a side chain.  They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (R−C(=O)OH).  A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, CH3COCl. Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides.
Nqwebasaurus
Nqwebasaurus is a probable ornithomimosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa. The genus contains a single species, Nqwebasaurus thwazi, representing the oldest known coelurosaur in Africa and the evidence for basal coelurosaurian dinosaurs inhabiting Gondwana since the earliest Cretaceous period.

Ornithomimosauria
Ornithomimosauria ("bird-mimic lizards") are theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to the modern-day ostrich. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period of Laurasia (now Asia, Europe and North America), as well as possibly Africa. The group first appeared in the Early Cretaceous and persisted until the Late Cretaceous. Primitive members of the group include Nqwebasaurus, Pelecanimimus, Shenzhousaurus, Hexing and Deinocheirus, the arms of which reached 2.4 m (8 feet) in length. More advanced species, members of the family Ornithomimidae, include Gallimimus, Struthiomimus, and Ornithomimus. Some paleontologists, like Paul Sereno, consider the enigmatic alvarezsaurids to be close relatives of the ornithomimosaurs and place them together in the superfamily Ornithomimoidea (see classification below).
Santa Rosa de Yavarí
Santa Rosa de Yavarí is a populated centre in the Amazon River that serves as the Peruvian border crossing of Tres Fronteras, a triple border shared by Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. The city has a population of about 3,000 and is administered by Peru as part of Mariscal Ramón Castilla, a province of Loreto Region.  However, it is disputed by Colombia since 2024.

Tres Fronteras
Tres Fronteras (Portuguese: Três Fronteiras, English: "Three Borders") is an area of the Amazon rainforest in the Upper Amazon region of South America. It includes and is named after the tripoint at which the borders of Brazil, Peru, and Colombia meet. The upper Amazon River flows through the area.