hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trail pheromone
Trail pheromones are semiochemicals secreted from the body of an individual to affect the behavior of another individual receiving it. Trail pheromones often serve as a multi purpose chemical secretion that leads members of its own species towards a food source, while representing a territorial mark in the form of an allomone to organisms outside of their species. Specifically, trail pheromones are often incorporated with secretions of more than one exocrine gland to produce a higher degree of specificity. Considered one of the primary chemical signaling methods in which many social insects depend on, trail pheromone deposition can be considered one of the main facets to explain the success of social insect communication today. Many species of ants, including those in the genus Crematogaster use trail pheromones.

Semiochemical
A semiochemical, from the Greek σημεῖον (semeion), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or communication between different species (interspecific).

It is usually used in the field of chemical ecology to encompass pheromones, allomones, kairomones, attractants and repellents.

Many insects, including parasitic insects, use semiochemicals. Pheromones are intraspecific signals that aid in finding mates, food and habitat resources, warning of enemies, and avoiding competition. Interspecific signals known as allomones and kairomones have similar functions.
Eliane Hugentobler
Eliane Hugentobler (born 30 September 1981 in Zürich) is a Swiss ice dancer. With brother Daniel Hugentobler, she is the 1998-2002 Swiss national champion. They competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics, where they placed 14th. The Hugentoblers were coached by Natalia Linichuk and Gennadi Karponosov.

Daniel Hugentobler
Daniel Hugentobler (born 15 January 1979 in Zürich) is a Swiss ice dancer. With sister Eliane Hugentobler, he is the 1998-2002 Swiss national champion. They competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics, where they placed 14th. The Hugentoblers were coached by Natalia Linichuk and Gennadi Karponosov.
Audi R10 TDI
The Audi R10 TDI (Turbo Direct Injection) is a sports prototype designed and built by Audi in partnership with Dallara. Built to the Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) regulations, the R10 was highly successful throughout its career; the R10 became the first diesel-powered car to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2006, in what would be the first of three 24 Hours of Le Mans wins. Unveiled to the public on 13 December 2005 in Paris, the R10 would go on to win the 2006 24 Hours of Le Mans just 200 days later.

The R10 was eventually replaced by the R15 TDI at the conclusion of the 2008 American Le Mans Series. Colin Kolles of ByKolles Racing (known then as 'Kolles') fielded the car for two more years at Le Mans and for a single year in the 2009 Le Mans Series.

Audi R15 TDI
The Audi R15 TDI, commonly abbreviated to the R15, is a Le Mans Prototype (LMP) racing car constructed by the German car manufacturer Audi AG.  It is the successor to the Audi R10 TDI.

Like its predecessor, the R15 TDI uses a turbocharged diesel engine, although the R15's V10 engine is physically smaller than the R10's V12. The smaller engine is pushed further toward the middle of the car than in the R10, resulting in a more neutral weight balance that gives the car better agility around the corners than its predecessor.
Station HYPO
Station HYPO, also known as Fleet Radio Unit Pacific (FRUPAC), was the United States Navy signals monitoring and cryptographic intelligence unit in Hawaii during World War II. It was one of two major Allied signals intelligence units, called Fleet Radio Units in the Pacific theaters, along with FRUMEL in Melbourne, Australia. The station took its initial name from the phonetic code at the time for "H" for Heʻeia, Hawaii radio tower. The precise importance and role of HYPO in penetrating the Japanese naval codes has been the subject of considerable controversy, reflecting internal tensions amongst US Navy cryptographic stations.

HYPO was under the control of the OP-20-G Naval Intelligence section in Washington. Before the attack on Pearl Harbor of December 7, 1941, and for some time afterwards, HYPO was in the basement of the Old Administration Building at Pearl Harbor. Later on, a new building was constructed for the station, though it had been reorganized and renamed by then.

OP-20-G
OP-20-G or "Office of Chief Of Naval Operations (OPNAV), 20th Division of the Office of Naval Communications, G Section / Communications Security", was the U.S. Navy's signals intelligence and cryptanalysis group during World War II. Its mission was to intercept, decrypt, and analyze naval communications from Japanese, German, and Italian navies. In addition OP-20-G also copied diplomatic messages of many foreign governments. The majority of the section's effort was directed towards Japan and included breaking the early Japanese "Blue" book fleet code. This was made possible by intercept and High Frequency Direction Finder (HFDF) sites in the Pacific, Atlantic, and continental U.S., as well as a Japanese telegraphic code school for radio operators in Washington, D.C.
Eastern meadowlark
The eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) is a medium-sized icterid bird, very similar in appearance to its sister species, the western meadowlark. It occurs from eastern North America to northern South America, where it is also most widespread in the east. The Chihuahuan meadowlark was formerly considered to be conspecific with the eastern meadowlark.

Western meadowlark
The western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) is a medium-sized icterid bird, about 8.5 in (22 cm) in length. It is found across western and central North America and is a full migrant, breeding in Canada and the United States with resident populations also found in Mexico. The western meadowlark nests on the ground in open grasslands and shrublands. It feeds on bugs and seeds. The western meadowlark has distinctive calls described as watery or flute-like, which distinguish it from the closely related eastern meadowlark. The western meadowlark is the state bird of six states: Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming.
Me Wise Magic
"Me Wise Magic" is a song by Van Halen that appears on the rock band's 1996 compilation album Best Of – Volume I and became the band's 13th No. 1 Billboard Mainstream Rock Track, maintaining the No. 1 position for 6 weeks during the autumn of 1996. It was the first of two highly anticipated tracks recorded by the band with its original lead vocalist and songwriter, David Lee Roth. Together with the other new song on the compilation album, "Can't Get This Stuff No More", it is the last song recorded by the original line-up, consisting of Roth, Michael Anthony and the Van Halen brothers.

Can't Get This Stuff No More
"Can't Get This Stuff No More" is a song on American hard rock band Van Halen's 1996 compilation Best Of – Volume I. 
The song was one of two new songs recorded exclusively for the album (the other being "Me Wise Magic").
Robin Hobbs
Robin Nicholas Stuart Hobbs (8 May 1942 – 17 March 2024) was an English cricketer who played in seven Tests for England from 1967 to 1971.  He played first-class cricket for both Essex and Glamorgan.

Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, remarked, "Hobbs was the last specialist leg-spinner to play for England before Ian Salisbury revived the art in 1992. A good spinner of the ball although he lacked the googly, an inventive batsman and great character, he was an immensely popular cricketer".

Ian Salisbury
Ian David Kenneth Salisbury (born 21 January 1970) is an English former cricketer, one of the few leg-spinners to play Test cricket for England in recent years. Salisbury played in fifteen Tests and four One Day Internationals between 1992 and 2000. He played first-class cricket for Sussex, Surrey and Warwickshire in a career stretching from 1989 to 2008.

The cricket writer, Colin Bateman, commented, "the selection of Ian Salisbury against Pakistan in 1992 made cricket romantics rejoice.  When he played at Lord's he became the first specialist leg-spinner selected for England since Robin Hobbs in 1971". The reality was that in his subsequent Test career, Salisbury's tally of twenty wickets cost almost 77 runs apiece.
Lola Lennox
Lola Lennox Fruchtmann (born 10 December 1990) is a British and Israeli singer, songwriter, and model. She is the sister of British fashion model Tali Lennox, and daughter of Scottish singer Annie Lennox and Israeli film producer Uri Fruchtmann.

Tali Lennox
Tali Lennox Fruchtmann (born 9 February 1993) is a British and Israeli model and artist, formerly the brand promotional face for Topshop and Burberry and appeared in Deadman's Barstool (2018), The Street Kids Project and the first season of Britain's Next Top Model (2005). As of 2014, she reduced her modelling focus and became a portrait painter. She is the daughter of Scottish singer Annie Lennox and Israeli record producer Uri Fruchtmann, and sister of Lola Lennox.
Generals Highway
The Generals Highway is a highway that connects State Route 180 and State Route 198 through Sequoia National Park, Sequoia National Forest, Giant Sequoia National Monument, and Kings Canyon National Park in the Sierra Nevada of California. As the road goes through national parks and monuments, the highway is primarily maintained by the federal government instead of a California State Highway controlled by Caltrans.

California State Route 198
State Route 198 (SR 198) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from U.S. Route 101 (US 101) south of King City to Generals Highway in Sequoia National Park. It connects the California Central Coast to the mid–Central Valley through Hanford and Visalia, although the most developed portion is in the Central Valley itself. SR 198 intersects the major north–south routes in the Central Valley, including Interstate 5 (I-5), SR 33, and SR 99.

The highway that would become SR 198 was approved for construction in the 1910s through three bond issues, and was added to the state highway system in 1934. Parts of the highway were upgraded to freeway during the 1960s. Another portion was converted to an expressway in between Hanford and Visalia, and was completed in late 2012.
Tonelli's theorem (functional analysis)
In mathematics, Tonelli's theorem in functional analysis is a fundamental result on the weak lower semicontinuity of nonlinear functionals on Lp spaces. As such, it has major implications for functional analysis and the calculus of variations. Roughly, it shows that weak lower semicontinuity for integral functionals is equivalent to convexity of the integral kernel. The result is attributed to the Italian mathematician Leonida Tonelli.

Semi-continuity
In mathematical analysis, semicontinuity (or semi-continuity) is a property of extended real-valued functions that is weaker than continuity. An extended real-valued function  is upper (respectively, lower) semicontinuous at a point  if, roughly speaking, the function values for arguments near  are not much higher (respectively, lower) than  Briefly, a function on a domain  is lower semi-continuous if its epigraph  is closed in , and upper semi-continuous if  is lower semi-continuous.

A function is continuous if and only if it is both upper  and lower semicontinuous. If we take a continuous function and increase its value at a certain point  to  for some , then the result is upper semicontinuous; if we decrease its value to  then the result is lower semicontinuous.

The notion of upper and lower semicontinuous function was first introduced and studied by René Baire in his thesis in 1899.
1998–99 First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
This article includes the statistics of the First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1998–99 season. It was contested only by the clubs playing under the auspices of NFSBiH and HZHB, without the clubs who competed under the auspices of Republika Srpska entity association playing in the 1998–99 First League of the Republika Srpska.

1998–99 First League of the Republika Srpska
The 1998–99 First League of the Republika Srpska was the 4th season since establishment. Since Football Association of Republika Srpska is not a member of UEFA nor FIFA, league champion did not qualify for European tournament. Croats and Bosniaks had their own league and their champion did not qualify to European tournament either.
Dave Whelan
David Whelan (born 24 November 1936) is an English businessman and former footballer. During his football career, he played for Blackburn Rovers and Crewe Alexandra. Whelan is the former owner of club Wigan Athletic, having also been the chairman of the club for twenty years, before passing the position over to his grandson, David Sharpe, who eventually passed the ownership over to International Entertainment Corporation.

David Sharpe (football chairman)
David Sharpe (born 11 May 1991) is an English football administrator who has been the head of football operations at Bradford City since April 2024. He was formerly chairman of Wigan Athletic (2015–2019).
Constitution of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the supreme law of Iran. It was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906. It has been amended once, on 28 July 1989. The constitution was originally made up of 175 articles in 12 chapters, but amended in 1989 to 177 articles in 14 chapters.

It has been called a hybrid regime of theocratic and democratic elements. Articles One and Two vest sovereignty in God, and Article Six "mandates popular elections for the presidency and the Majlis, or parliament." Main democratic procedures and rights are subordinate to the Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader, whose powers are spelled out in Chapter Eight (Articles 107–112).

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Centre Left Alliance
The Centre Left Alliance (Romanian: Alianţa de Centru Stânga, ACS) is a former political alliance between the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR) founded in August 2012.

The alliance was part of the Social Liberal Union (USL) together with the Conservative Party (PC) and the National Liberal Party (PNL), the latter two part of the no longer functioning ACD. PSD and UNPR had common parliamentary groups and at one point planned a merger.

Social Liberal Union
The Social Liberal Union (Romanian: Uniunea Social Liberală, USL) was a grand coalition of several political parties which was active in Romania during the early to mid 2010s. The alliance contained two major political parties, one major centre-left and one centre-right, more specifically the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL), respectively.
Annping Chin
Annping Chin (Chinese: 金安平; pinyin: Jīn Ānpíng; born 1950 in Taiwan) is an American historian and sinologist. She is a senior lecturer of history at Yale. Her fields of study include Confucianism, Taoism, and the Chinese intellectual tradition. Before Yale, she was on the faculty at Wesleyan University.

Chin studied mathematics at Michigan State University and received her Ph.D. in Chinese thought from Columbia University. She lives in West Haven, Connecticut, with her husband Jonathan Spence until his death in 2021. She has two children, writer Mei Chin and video game designer Yar Woo.

Chin was born in Taiwan in 1950 to a Manchu family from Liaoning. In 1962, she and her family moved to the U.S and have lived there ever since.

Jonathan D. Spence
Jonathan Dermot Spence CMG (11 August 1936 – 25 December 2021) was a British-American historian, sinologist, and author specialised in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is The Search for Modern China, a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published over a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the Qing dynasty, and relations between China and the West. Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese "to change China", and how such efforts were frustrated.
Pydna-Kolindros
Pydna–Kolindros (Greek: Πύδνα-Κολινδρός, Pýdna-Kolindrós) is a municipality in the Pieria regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Aiginio. The municipality has an area of 339.525 km2.

Aiginio
Aiginio (Greek: Αιγίνιο, Αιγίνιον), known before 1926 as Libanovo (Greek: Λιμπάνοβο), is a town and a former municipality in Pieria regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pydna-Kolindros, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 75.541 km2, the community 62.246 km2. The population of the municipal unit was 4,369 people and the population of the community was 3,860 people as of 2021.
A, B and C v Ireland
A, B and C v Ireland is a landmark 2010 case of the European Court of Human Rights on the right to privacy under Article 8. The court rejected the argument that article 8 conferred a right to abortion, but found that Ireland had violated the European Convention on Human Rights by failing to provide an accessible and effective procedure by which a woman can have established whether she qualifies for a legal abortion under current Irish law.

Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides a right to respect for one's "private and family life, his home and his correspondence", subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and "necessary in a democratic society". The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.
Terence Hopkins
Terence Kilbourne Hopkins (1928 – January 3, 1997) was an American historical sociologist who collaborated with Immanuel Wallerstein, Giovanni Arrighi and others on world systems theory. Among world systems scholars, he was "considered the specialist [...] on all methodological questions".

Immanuel Wallerstein
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein (/ˈwɔːlərstiːn/ also /ˈwɔːlərstaɪn/; September 28, 1930 – August 31, 2019) was an American sociologist and economic historian. He is perhaps best known for his development in sociology of world-systems approach. He was a Senior Research Scholar at Yale University from 2000 until his death in 2019, and published bimonthly syndicated commentaries through Agence Global on world affairs from October 1998 to July 2019.

He was the 13th president of International Sociological Association (1994–1998).
Gilby Clarke
Gilbert J. Clarke (born August 17, 1962) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is known for having a three-year tenure as the rhythm guitarist of Guns N' Roses, replacing Izzy Stradlin in 1991 during the Use Your Illusion Tour, and also featured on "The Spaghetti Incident?" (1993). Following this, Clarke went on to forge a solo career and also played guitar with Slash's Snakepit, Kat Men, Heart, Nancy Sinatra, Kathy Valentine (of The Go-Go's), MC5 and forming his own group Rock Star Supernova with members of Metallica and Mötley Crüe.

Clarke's production work includes albums by L.A. Guns, Bullets and Octane, The Bronx, Frankie and the Studs and Vains of Jenna.

Izzy Stradlin
Jeffrey Dean Isbell (born April 8, 1962), known professionally as Izzy Stradlin, is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was a co-founder, rhythm guitarist, and backing vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he recorded four studio albums and left at the height of their fame in 1991.

Following his departure from Guns N' Roses, Stradlin fronted his own rock band, Izzy Stradlin and the Ju Ju Hounds, before continuing to record as a solo artist. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses in 2012.
Corozal, Puerto Rico
Corozal (Spanish pronunciation: [koɾoˈsal] ⓘ) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the central-eastern region, north of Orocovis and Barranquitas; south of Vega Alta; southwest of Toa Alta; east of Morovis and Orocovis; and west of Naranjito. Corozal is spread over 12 barrios and Corozal Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The city name is derived from the "palma de corozo" (grugru palm, Acrocomia media) which abounds in the Cordillera Central zone of the Island.

Toa Alta, Puerto Rico
Toa Alta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtoa ˈalta]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the northern coast of the island, north of Naranjito; south of Dorado and Toa Baja; east of Vega Alta and Corozal; and west of Bayamón. Toa Alta is spread over eight barrios and Toa Alta Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan statistical area. There are nine barrios in Toa Alta and altogether in 2020 had a population of 66,852. Río de la Plata, is a large river that runs through Toa Alta. Toa Alta celebrates its patron saint festival in May.
Ranikhet Express
The 15013 / 15014 Ranikhet Express is a Express train belonging to North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Jaisalmer and Kathgodam in India.

The total travel time of this train is 28 hours and 20 mins. It has about 36 halts and covers a distance of over 1263 km at a speed of 42 km/h. This train runs of all days of the week and arrives at platform no. 11 at the Jaisalmer station.

Kathgodam railway station
Kathgodam railway station (station code: KGM) is railway station located in Kathgodam town near Haldwani, just 35 km from Nainital Town in Nainital district of Uttarakhand State of India.

The station code is KGM and is 101 km from the headquarters of the Izzatnagar railway division of North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. There are four platforms. A single broad-gauge railway line serves diesel trains.
C++23
C++23, formally ISO/IEC 14882:2024, is the current open standard for the C++ programming language, published in 2024. It follows C++20, and precedes C++26. The final draft of this version is N4950, which was technically finalized by WG21  in February 2023.

C++20
C++20 is a version of the ISO/IEC 14882 standard for the C++ programming language. C++20 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, called C++17, and was later replaced by C++23. The standard was technically finalized by WG21 at the meeting in Prague in February 2020, had its final draft version announced in March 2020, was approved on 4 September 2020, and published in December 2020.