hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mark Avsec
Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist, songwriter, and producer. He was a member of the funk rock band Wild Cherry.

Avsec was an original member of Donnie Iris & the Cruisers. He wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums.

Since 1995, he has also been a copyright lawyer.

Donnie Iris
Donnie Iris (born Dominic Ierace, February 28, 1943) is an American rock musician known for his work with the Jaggerz and Wild Cherry during the 1970s and for his solo career beginning in the 1980s with his band, the Cruisers. He wrote the No. 2 Billboard hit, "The Rapper", with the Jaggerz in 1970 and was a member of Wild Cherry. He also achieved fame as a solo artist in the early 1980s with the No. 29 hit "Ah! Leah!" and the No. 37 hit "Love Is Like a Rock."

In addition to performing on the first three Jaggerz albums and the fourth and final Wild Cherry album, Iris with his solo band has released eleven studio albums, one EP, two live albums and two compilations. He continues to intermittently release new material and tour throughout the Youngstown, Ohio; Cleveland, Ohio and greater Pittsburgh areas.
Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Lorraine
Margherita Gonzaga (2 October 1591 – 7 February 1632) was Duchess of Lorraine from 1606 until 1624 by marriage to Henry II, Duke of Lorraine. She was an agent of Pro-French and anti-Protestant policy in Lorraine, and is most known for her support of her daughter Nicole's right to the Duchy of Lorraine. She also claimed her right to the Duchy of Montferrat during the Mantuan war of succession.

Nicole, Duchess of Lorraine
Nicole (3 October 1608 – 2 February 1657) was reigning Duchess of Lorraine and Bar from 1 August 1624 to 21 November 1625, and duchess consort of Lorraine in 1625–1634. She was born in Nancy, the daughter of Henry II, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Margherita Gonzaga.
Paris Monetary Conference (1867)
The International Monetary Conference was held in Paris from 17 June to 6 July 1867, the first of a series of international monetary conferences.

The conference was the brainchild of French statesman Félix Esquirou de Parieu, who had been instrumental in the creation two years before of the Latin Monetary Union.

International Monetary and Economic Conferences
The international monetary and economic conferences were a series of gatherings held in the last third of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, culminating in the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944. The first four conferences in the 19th century focused on matters of coinage and the markets for gold and silver. After World War I, the scope of the conferences was expanded to matters of financial stability, then trade and economics more broadly; the two iterations in 1927 and 1933 were branded World Economic Conference. The latter of these, the London Economic Conference of 1933, ended in significant failure, and the formula of periodical international conferences was subsequently abandoned in favor of the permanent international financial institutions of the post-World War II order.
Tuxedo (software)
Tuxedo (Transactions for Unix, Extended for Distributed Operations) is a middleware platform used to manage distributed transaction processing in distributed computing environments. Tuxedo is a transaction processing system or transaction-oriented middleware, or enterprise application server for a variety of systems and programming languages.
Developed by AT&T in the 1980s, it became a software product of Oracle Corporation in 2008 when they acquired BEA Systems.
Tuxedo is now part of the Oracle Fusion Middleware.

Oracle Fusion Middleware
Oracle Fusion Middleware (FMW, also known as Fusion Middleware) consists of several software products from Oracle Corporation. FMW spans multiple services, including Java EE and developer tools, integration services, business intelligence, collaboration, and content management. FMW depends on open standards such as BPEL, SOAP, XML and JMS.

Oracle Fusion Middleware provides software for the development, deployment, and management of service-oriented architecture (SOA). It includes what Oracle calls "hot-pluggable" architecture,
designed to facilitate integration with existing applications and systems from other software vendors such as IBM, Microsoft, and SAP AG.
The Mystery of Jaguar Reef
The Mystery of Jaguar Reef is a radio drama, produced in 1996 by the ZBS Foundation. It is the tenth of the Jack Flanders adventure series. It combines elements of American culture and Old-time radio with themes of pirates and aliens.

Jack Flanders
Jack Flanders, full name Jonathan L. Flanders, is the protagonist of a series of audio dramas produced by the ZBS Foundation. He is the creation of writer and sound artist Thomas Lopez and is played by actor Robert Lorick.

Jack is an adventurer who travels the Earth, exploring both familiar physical places and a metaphysical land called the Invisible Realms.  His character adapts as the story requires, ranging from a bumbling fool to a competent and professional detective into spiritual mysteries.  Well-versed in the occult, folklore, primitive magic and various mystic phenomena, he is able to withstand most reality-altering experiences and generally has an open mind towards all things.
Lord Warden of the Marches
The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of Scotland and England. The holders were responsible for the security of the border between the two nations, and often took part in military action. They were also responsible, along with Conservators of the Truce, for administering the special type of border law known as March law.

The Marches on both sides of the border were traditionally split into West, Middle, and East, each with their own warden answerable to the Lord Warden-general. The English Western March was based on Carlisle and the Eastern March on Berwick-upon-Tweed.

The offices became unnecessary after the union of the crowns of England and Scotland under King James in 1603.

Scottish Marches
Scottish Marches was the term used for the Anglo-Scottish border during the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern era, characterised by violence and cross-border raids. The Scottish Marches era came to an end during the first decade of the 17th century following the Union of the Crowns of England and Scotland.
Louis, Duke of Burgundy (born 1751)
Louis Joseph Xavier, Duke of Burgundy (13 September 1751 – 22 March 1761), was a French prince of the House of Bourbon, and as such was second-in-line to the throne of France, ranking behind his father, the Dauphin Louis, himself the son of Louis XV and his popular Queen, Marie Leszczyńska. Although Louis was his parents' first son to be born alive, he died of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis at the young age of nine. As a result of his untimely death, all three of his younger brothers - Louis Auguste, Louis Stanislas, and Charles Philippe - became kings of France.

Louis, Dauphin of France (born 1729)
Louis, Dauphin of France (Louis Ferdinand; 4 September 1729 – 20 December 1765) was the elder and only surviving son of King Louis XV and his wife, Queen Marie Leszczyńska. As a son of the king, Louis was a fils de France. As heir apparent, he became Dauphin of France. Although he died before ascending to the throne himself, all three of his sons who made it to adulthood would go on to be King: Louis XVI (r. 1774–1792), Louis XVIII (r. 1814–1815, 1815–1824) and Charles X (r. 1824–1830).
West Union High School (Ohio)
West Union High School is a public high school located just outside West Union, Ohio. It is one of three high schools in the Adams County/Ohio Valley School District, the other two being North Adams High School and Peebles High School. All three schools are nearly identical in design. The district also has a vocational school (Ohio Valley Career and Technical Center).

North Adams High School
North Adams High School is a public high school located in Seaman, Adams County, Ohio, United States.  It is one of three high schools in the Adams County/Ohio Valley School District, the other two being Peebles High School and West Union High School.  The district also has a vocational school (Ohio Valley Career and Technical Center).
Sidney Greenbaum
Sidney Greenbaum (31 December 1929 – 28 May 1996) was a British scholar of the English language and of linguistics. He was Quain Professor of English language and literature at University College London from 1983 to 1990 and Director of the Survey of English Usage, 1983–96.  With Randolph Quirk and others, he wrote A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (Longman 1985).  He also wrote the Oxford English Grammar (Oxford, 1996).

Greenbaum studied at Jews' College, London, and was a qualified minister of religion although he never held a paid ministerial position. According to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry on Greenbaum, "In 1990 Greenbaum resigned the Quain chair at University College following his conviction in London of a number of charges of sexual assault on young boys." Novelist Naomi Alderman has identified Greenbaum as having groomed and abused her when she was a child.

Randolph Quirk
Charles Randolph Quirk, Baron Quirk (12 July 1920 – 20 December 2017) was a British linguist and politician. He was the Quain Professor of English language and literature at University College London from 1968 to 1981. He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords.
Barakzai
Barakzai is the name of a Pashtun tribe from Afghanistan . "Barakzai" is a common name among the Pashtuns, and it means 'son of Barak' in Pashto. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica, "In the detailed Pashtun genealogies there are no fewer than seven instances of the ethnic name Bārakzī, at very different levels of tribal segmentation. Six of them designate simple lineages within six different tribes located in the Solaymān mountains or adjacent lands... The seventh instance, on the other hand, designates one of the most important Pashtun tribes in numbers and historic role, part of the Zīrak branch of the Dorrānay confederation.

Durrani
The Durrānī (Pashto: دراني, pronounced [durɑˈni]1), formerly known as Abdālī (ابدالي), are one of the largest tribal confederation of Pashtuns. Their traditional homeland is in southern Afghanistan (Loy Kandahar region), straddling into Toba Achakzai in Balochistan, Pakistan, but they are also settled in other parts of Afghanistan and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Ahmad Shah Durrani, who is considered the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan, belonged to the Abdali tribe. In 1747 after establishing the Durrani Empire based in Kandahar, he adopted the epithet Shāh Durr-i-Durrān, "King, Pearl of Pearls," and changed the name of his Tareen Abdali tribe to "Durrani" after himself.
Archidamus II
Archidamus II (Ancient Greek: Ἀρχίδαμος Archídāmos; died 427/6 BC) was a king of Sparta who reigned from approximately 469/8 BC to 427/6 BC.  His father was Zeuxidamus (called Cyniscos by many Spartans).   Zeuxidamus married and had a son, Archidamus.  However, Zeuxidamus died before his father, Leotychidas.

After the death of his son and heir, Leotychidas married Eurydame, the sister of Menius and daughter of Diactorides.  While they had no male offspring, they did have a daughter, Lampito, whom Leotychidas gave in marriage to his grandson Archidamus. They had a son Agis II.

Archidamus's later second marriage was to Eupolia. The Ephors objected to this union, arguing that due to Eupolia's short stature, “She will bear us kinglets instead of kings”. He married her nonetheless and was for that fined by the Ephors.

To them were born a son, Agesilaus II, and a daughter, Cynisca.

Agis II
Agis II (Ancient Greek: Ἆγις; died c. 399 BC) was the 18th Eurypontid king of Sparta, the eldest son of Archidamus II by his first wife, and half-brother of Agesilaus II.  He ruled with his Agiad co-monarch Pausanias.
Atuwatse I
Olu Atuwatse I (Olu Dom Domingos) was the 7th Olu of Warri who ruled over the Warri Kingdom. He was the son to Olu Atorongboye (Olu Sebastian) and succeeded his father Olu Atorongboye (Olu Sebastian) as the 7th Olu of Warri. He was initially home-schooled by his father and the Bishop in Ode-Itsekiri, which resulted in his ability to read and write in Portuguese. He was educated in Portugal from 1600 to 1611. He returned to Warri Kingdom as a graduate, making him the first graduate in Sub Saharan Africa Olu Dom Domingos was the second Christian Olu to rule Warri Kingdom. He married a Portuguese noblewoman, Maria Pereira, before returning to Nigeria with her in 1611.

Atorongboye
Olu Atorongboye (Olu Sebastian) was the sixth Olu of Warri who ruled over the Itsekiri and non Itsekiri people in the kingdom. He was the son to Olu Esigie and succeeded his father Olu Esigie as the 6th Olu of Warri. He was born Prince Eyomasan. Olu Atorongboye was the first Christian Olu to rule Warri Kingdom. He had a strong tie with the Portuguese King Philip in late 16th century, which led to him sending his son Olu Dom Domingos to study in Portugal from 1600 to 1611. He was succeeded by his son Olu Atuwatse I (Olu Dom Domingos)
Narita Top Road
Narita Top Road (Japanese: ナリタトップロード) was a Japanese thoroughbred racehorse that competed from 1998 to 2002. Considered one of Top Three of his era alongside T.M. Opera O and Admire Vega, he frequently took second or third place. He won Kikuka-shō in 1999.

T. M. Opera O
T. M. Opera O (Japanese: テイエムオペラオー, March 13, 1996 – May 17, 2018) was a champion Japanese thoroughbred racehorse, and the world's all-time leading money earner at the time of his retirement in 2001. In 1999, he was the champion three-year-old colt in Japan after winning the Satsuki Sho (Japanese 2000 Guineas). At age four, he was the Japanese Horse of the Year and champion older horse after an undefeated season that included wins in the Tenno Sho (both spring and autumn), the Japan Cup and the Arima Kinen. T. M. Opera O was inducted into the Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame in 2004.
Taiwan Second Division Football League
The Taiwan Second Division Football League (sometimes called the Taiwan Football Challenge League) (Chinese: 台灣企業甲級升降足球聯賽; pinyin: Táiwān Qǐyè Jiǎ Jí Shēngjiàng Zúqiú Liánsài) is the second-ranked Taiwanese football league run by the Chinese Taipei Football Association (CTFA). This League is directly below the Taiwan Premier League.

Taiwan Football Premier League
The Taiwan Football Premier League (TFPL; Chinese: 台灣企業甲級足球聯賽; pinyin: Táiwān Qǐyè Jiǎ Jí Zúqiú Liánsài) is the top-ranked Taiwanese football league run by the Chinese Taipei Football Association (CTFA).
Goriška
Goriška (English: the Gorizia Region) is a historical region in western Slovenia on the border with Italy. It comprises the northern part of the wider traditional region of the Slovenian Littoral (Primorska). The name Goriška is an adjective referring to the city of Gorizia, its historical and cultural centre.

Slovene Littoral
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

The Slovene Littoral, or simply Littoral (Slovene: Primorska, pronounced [pɾiˈmóːɾska] ⓘ; Italian: Litorale; German: Küstenland), is one of the traditional regions of Slovenia. The littoral in its name – for a coastal-adjacent area – recalls the former Austrian Littoral (Avstrijsko Primorje), the Habsburg possessions on the upper Adriatic coast, of which the Slovene Littoral was part. Today, the Littoral is often associated with the Slovenian ethnic territory that, in the first half of the 20th century, found itself in Italy to the west of the Rapallo Border, which separated a quarter of Slovenes from the rest of the nation, and was strongly influenced by Italian fascism.
Crus of penis
The two crura of penis (one crus on each side) constitute the root of penis along with the bulb of penis. The two crura flank the bulb – one to each side of the bulb. Each crus is attached at the angle between the perineal membrane and ischiopubic ramus. The deep artery of the penis enters the anterior portion of the crus. Distally, each crus transitions into either corpus cavernosum of the body of the penis.

Bulb of penis
The bulb of penis is the proximal/posterior bulged end of the (unpaired median) corpus spongiosum penis. Together with the two crura (one crus on each side of the bulb), it constitutes the root of the penis. It is covered by the bulbospongiosus.

Proximally/posteriorly, the bulb of penis extends towards the perineal body. The bulb exhibits a slight yet palpable midline notch upon its inferior aspect.

The male urethra enters the penis at the superior aspect of the anterior part of the bulb (most of the bulb is thus situated inferoposteriorly to the urethra), and the arteries of bulb of penis enter near the urethra.

The bulb of penis is supported by the erectile tissue  of the corpus cavernosum.
Uruttal
Uruttal or Uruttu (Malayalam: [uɾuʈːɐl, uɾuʈːə̆], meaning: rolling) is a type of torture which was used in 20th-century Keralam. It was particularly common during the Indian Emergency period for interrogation. In the Rajan case it was done in the Kakkayam torture camp. It was a common torture to captured Naxals.

Rajan case
The Rajan case refers to the death of P. Rajan, a student of the Regional Engineering College, Calicut, as a result of torture in local police custody in Kakkayam, Kerala during the nationwide Emergency in India in 1976, and the legal battle that followed, which revealed facts of the incident to the public. His remains are yet to be recovered.
Katsuta, Okayama
Katsuta (勝田町, Katsuta-chō) was a town located in Katsuta District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,660 and a density of 41.93 persons per km2. The total area was 87.29 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Katsuta, along with the towns of Mimasaka (former), Aida, Ōhara and Sakutō, and the village of Higashiawakura (all from Aida District), was merged to create the city of Mimasaka.

Mimasaka, Okayama (town)
Mimasaka (美作町, Mimasaka-chō) was a town located in Aida District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 2004, the town had an estimated population of 12,856 and a density of 147.82 persons per km2. The total area was 86.97 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Mimasaka absorbed the towns of Aida, Ōhara and Sakutō, the village of Higashiawakura (all from Aida District), and the town of Katsuta (from Katsuta District) to create the city of Mimasaka.
Blanche of Artois
Blanche of Artois (Basque: Blanka; c. 1248 – 2 May 1302) was Queen of Navarre and Countess of Champagne and Brie during her marriage to Henry I of Navarre. After his death she became regent in the name of their infant daughter, Joan I. She passed on the regency of Navarre to Philip III of France, her cousin and her daughter's prospective father-in-law, but retained the administration of Champagne. She later shared the government of Champagne with her second husband, Edmund, until her daughter reached the age of majority.

Joan I of Navarre
Joan I (14 January 1273 – 31 March/2 April 1305) (Basque: Joana, Spanish: Juana) was ruling Queen of Navarre and Countess of Champagne from 1274 until 1305. She was also Queen of France by marriage to King Philip IV. She founded the College of Navarre in Paris in 1305.

Joan never ruled Navarre in person; it was overseen by French governors. Having direct control over the County of Champagne, she raised an army to face the invasion of the county by Henry III, Count of Bar, even capturing and imprisoning the count. She died in 1305, most likely from childbirth complications.
Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar I Knudsen (14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182), also known as Valdemar the Great (Danish: Valdemar den Store), was King of Denmark from 1154 until his death in 1182. The reign of King Valdemar I saw the rise of Denmark, which reached its medieval zenith under his son King Valdemar II.

Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II Valdemarsen (28 June 1170 – 28 March 1241), later remembered as Valdemar the Victorious (Danish: Valdemar Sejr) and Valdemar the Conqueror, was King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241.

In 1207, Valdemar invaded and conquered Lybeck and Holstein, expanding the Danish territories. His involvement in the Norwegian succession led to the second Bagler War, temporarily settling the issue and making the Norwegian king owe allegiance to Denmark. He faced disputes with the papacy over the appointment of the Prince-Archbishop of Bremen and the Bishop of Schleswig. Valdemar's military campaigns included conflicts in northern Germany and the establishment of Danish rule in Estonia in 1219. His reign saw the adoption of a feudal system in Denmark and the creation of the Code of Jutland, which served as Denmark's legal code until 1683.
Thomas Abernethy (explorer)
Thomas Abernethy (1803 – 13 April 1860) was a Scottish seafarer, gunner in the Royal Navy, and polar explorer. Because he was neither an officer nor a gentleman, he was little mentioned in the books written by the leaders of the expeditions he went on, but was praised in what was written. In 1857, he was awarded the Arctic Medal for his service as an able seaman on the 1824–25 voyage of HMS Hecla, the first of his five expeditions for which participants were eligible for the award. He was in parties that, for their time, reached the furthest north, the furthest south (twice), and the nearest to the South Magnetic Pole. In 1831, along with James Clark Ross's team of six, Abernethy was in the first party ever to reach the North Magnetic Pole.

James Clark Ross
Rear-Admiral of the Red Sir James Clark Ross FRS FLS FRAS (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who explored both the North and South Poles. In the Arctic, he participated in two expeditions led by his uncle, John Ross, and in four led by William Edward Parry: in the Antarctic, he led his own expedition from 1839 to 1843.
2024 Persian Gulf floods
In April 2024 heavy rain severely impacted states in the Persian Gulf, causing flash flooding across the region. Several states recorded nearly a year's worth of rain in a single day. The floods had a significant impact across the region, with Oman and the United Arab Emirates being particularly affected, resulting in the deaths of at least 46 people, including 20 in Oman, and 18 in Iran. Yemen, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia also experienced heavy rainfall and subsequent flooding.

2024 United Arab Emirates floods
On 16 April 2024, heavy rains caused floods in the United Arab Emirates, affected cities of mainly Dubai and Sharjah, the northern Emirates, and various areas of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah. According to the National Center for Meteorology (United Arab Emirates), this was the country's heaviest rainfall recorded in 75 years. The floods in the Emirates were a part of the greater Persian Gulf floods.
Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)
Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) (ACS(I)) is an independent Methodist secondary school in Dover, Singapore. Founded in 1886 by Reverend William Fitzjames Oldham, it was recognised as an International Baccalaureate World School in 2005, and has since consistently ranked among the top three schools worldwide that offer the IB Diploma Programme.

Keeping in line with its history as a boys' school, ACS(I) provides secondary education for only boys from years 1 to 4. Since 2012, ACS(I) and its affiliated school Methodist Girls' School (MGS) have partnered for an Integrated Programme, which allows ACS(I) and MGS students to skip the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examinations and proceed directly to years 5 and 6 at ACS(I) to complete the IB Diploma Programme.

Dover, Singapore
Dover is a relatively small neighbourhood of Singapore, located in Queenstown. It is bordered by Ghim Moh to the north, Kent Ridge to the south and southeast, one-north and Queenstown to the east, Commonwealth and Holland Village to the northeast Clementi to the west and West Coast to the southwest. It is often a noted location due to the sheer number of educational facilities it holds, while lying in a zone between the Central Area and near industrial zone in the vicinity of Jurong.