hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kanembu people
The Kanembu are an ethnic group of Chad, generally considered the modern descendants of the Kanem–Bornu Empire.  The Kanembu are estimated to number 1,815,270 people,     located primarily in Chad's Lac Prefecture but also in Chari-Baguirmi and Kanem prefectures. They speak the Kanembu language, which the Kanuri language is closely related to, with many speaking Arabic and sometimes nowadays French as a second language.

Kanuri people
The Kanuri people (kanuri, Kanuri, also Barnawi, Yerwa, Barebari and several subgroup names) are an African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon, as well as a diaspora community residing in Sudan. Those generally termed Kanuri include several subgroups and dialect groups, some of whom identify as distinct from the Kanuri. Most trace their origins to ruling lineages of the medieval Kanem–Bornu Empire, and its client states or provinces. In contrast to the neighboring Toubou or Zaghawa pastoralists, Kanuri groups have traditionally been sedentary, engaging in farming, fishing the Chad Basin, trade, and salt processing.
Montagu C. Butler Library
The Montagu Butler Library is one of the world's most comprehensive collections dedicated to the Esperanto language. Housing an extensive array of literary works, historical documents, and scholarly resources.

Located at the Esperanto Association of Britain.

It is named after Montagu C. Butler, author of a number of works including Step by Step in Esperanto and the comprehensive Esperanto-English Dictionary.

The collections started with Butler's personal collection and the library of the Esperanto Association of Britain.

It is housed in purpose-built premises at the offices of the Esperanto Association of Britain which are now located at the Wedgwood Memorial College, Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, having moved from Holland Park, London in April 2001 due to financial pressures.

Esperanto Association of Britain
The Esperanto Association of Britain (EAB; Esperanto: Esperanto-Asocio de Britio) is a registered educational charity whose objective is to advance education in and about the international language Esperanto and to preserve and promote the culture and heritage of Esperanto for the educational benefit of the general public. Its predecessor organisation, the British Esperanto Association (BEA, established in 1904; Esperanto: Brita Esperanto-Asocio), was one of the most active national Esperanto organisations during the 20th century.

Among its activities it publishes, provides and distributes information about the language and organises educational courses, lectures and conferences. It also provides a comprehensive bookshop with material from around the world.
Alex J. Mandl
Alex J. Mandl (December 14, 1943 - March 25, 2022) was a notable Austrian-American businessman. He was the Executive Chairman of smart card giant Gemalto.  He had been named "One of America's Most Powerful Businessmen" by Forbes magazine.

Gemalto
Gemalto was an international digital security company providing software applications, secure personal devices such as smart cards and tokens, e-wallets and managed services. It was formed in June 2006 by the merger of two companies, Axalto and Gemplus International. Gemalto N.V.'s revenue in 2018 was €2.969 billion.

The company was purchased by Thales Group in April 2019 and is now operating as Thales DIS (Digital Identity and Security). Gemalto was until its acquisition the world's largest manufacturer of SIM cards.

Thales DIS is headquartered in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and has subsidiaries and group companies in several countries. It has approximately 15,000 employees in 110 offices along with 24 production sites, 47 personalization centers, and 35 R&D centers in 47 countries.
Hyperbolic angle
In geometry, hyperbolic angle is a real number determined by the area of the corresponding hyperbolic sector of xy = 1 in Quadrant I of the Cartesian plane. Hyperbolic angle is a shuffled form of natural logarithm as they both are defined as an area against hyperbola xy = 1, and they both are preserved by squeeze mappings since those mappings preserve area.

The hyperbola xy = 1 is rectangular with semi-major axis , analogous to the circular angle equaling the area of a circular sector in a circle with radius .

Hyperbolic angle is used as the independent variable for the hyperbolic functions sinh, cosh, and tanh, because these functions may be premised on hyperbolic analogies to the corresponding circular (trigonometric) functions by regarding a hyperbolic angle as defining a hyperbolic triangle. The hyperbolic angle parametrizes the unit hyperbola, which has hyperbolic functions as coordinates.

Squeeze mapping
In linear algebra, a squeeze mapping, also called a squeeze transformation, is a type of linear map that preserves the Euclidean area of regions in the Cartesian plane, but is not a rotation or shear mapping.

For a fixed positive real number a, the mapping

is the squeeze mapping with squeeze parameter a. Since

is a hyperbola, if u = ax and v = y/a, then uv = xy and the points of the image of the squeeze mapping are on the same hyperbola as (x,y) is. For this reason it is natural to think of the squeeze mapping as a hyperbolic rotation, as did Émile Borel in 1914, by analogy with circular rotations, which preserve circles.
Tazeh Kand-e Shahverdi
Tazeh Kand-e Shahverdi (Persian: تازه كندشاهوردي) is a village in Qeshlaq Rural District of Fandoqlu District in Ahar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the district and the rural district.

Fandoqlu District
Fandoqlu District (Persian: بخش فندقلو) is in Ahar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Tazeh Kand-e Shahverdi, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 134 people in 43 households.
Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland
The Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland was a Jacobite society founded in 1891 by Herbert Vivian, Melville Henry Massue and Ruaraidh Erskine following a split from the earlier Order of the White Rose. The League was considered one of the key groups in the Neo-Jacobite Revival of the 1890s.

Melville Henry Massue
Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de la Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny (26 April 1868 – 6 October 1921) was a British genealogist and author who was twice president of the Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland. He styled himself the Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval.
Rikkyo University
Rikkyo University (立教大学, Rikkyō daigaku), also known as Saint Paul's University, is a private university, in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, Japan.

Rikkyo is one of the five MARCH universities, the group of private universities in the Kanto region, together with Meiji, Aoyama Gakuin, Chuo, and Hosei.
Rikkyo is known as one of the six leading universities in the field of sports in Tokyo (東京六大学 "Big Six" — Rikkyo University, University of Tokyo, Keio University, Waseda University, Meiji University, and Hosei University).

The university is the largest Anglican Christian affiliated university in Japan. The university is involved in numerous international programmes and projects. Rikkyo maintains contact with more than 140 educational institutions abroad for the purpose of exchanging lecturers, students and projects. With more than 700 students from outside Japan, the institution has 20,000 students, and 2,700 teachers and staff members.

Ikebukuro
Ikebukuro (池袋; [ikebɯkɯɾo]) is a district in Toshima, Tokyo, Japan. Centered around Ikebukuro Station, the third-busiest railway station in Japan, it serves as one of Tokyo’s major commercial and entertainment districts and is considered a primary urban hub of northern Tokyo. Notable landmarks in Ikebukuro include the Toshima Ward Office, the Sunshine City complex and the flagship department stores of Seibu and Tōbu.

Since the 1980s, Ikebukuro has also developed as a major residential center of the Chinese community in Tokyo.
In the Shadow of the Palms
In the Shadow of the Palms (2005) is a documentary produced and directed by the Australian filmmaker Wayne Coles-Janess.  He filmed it in Iraq prior to, during and after the fall of Saddam Hussein after the 2003 invasion of Iraq led by the U.S.  An Arab-language film, it documents the changes in Iraqi society and the lives of ordinary Iraqis by focusing on a cross-section of individuals.

Wayne Coles-Janess
Wayne Coles-Janess was an Australian producer, writer and director of drama and documentary film and TV programs. Based in Melbourne, Australia, he has produced documentaries about frontier places in the country. He has also made some documentaries in several international locations, including during times of war.
Cardinal Secretary of State
The Secretary of State of His Holiness (Latin: Secretarius Status Sanctitatis Suae; Italian: Segretario di Stato di Sua Santità), also known as the Cardinal Secretary of State or the Vatican Secretary of State, presides over the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. The Secretariat of State performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See and Vatican City. The secretary of state is sometimes described as the prime minister of the Holy See, but the head of government of Vatican City is the President of the Governorate of Vatican City State.

Cardinal Pietro Parolin has served as secretary of state since 2013, nominated by Francis and temporarily confirmed also by Leo XIV in May 2025.

Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State (Latin: Pontificia Commissio pro Civitate Vaticana, Italian: Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Città del Vaticano) is the legislative body of Vatican City. It consists of a president, who also holds the title of President of the Governorate and deputizes as the head of government of Vatican City, as well as six cardinals appointed by the Pope, the head of state of Vatican City, for five-year terms.

The Pontifical Commission was created in 1939 by Pius XII. Laws and regulations proposed by the Commission must be submitted to the Pope through the Secretariat of State prior to being made public and taking effect. Laws, regulations, and instructions enacted by the Commission are published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis.
Jump flooding algorithm
The jump flooding algorithm (JFA) is a flooding algorithm used in the construction of Voronoi diagrams and distance transforms. The JFA was introduced by Rong Guodong at an ACM symposium in 2006.

The JFA has desirable attributes in GPU computation, notably for its efficient performance. However, it is only an approximate algorithm and does not always compute the correct result for every pixel, although in practice errors are few and the magnitude of errors is generally small.

Voronoi diagram
In mathematics, a Voronoi diagram is a partition of a plane into regions close to each of a given set of objects. It can be classified also as a tessellation. In the simplest case, these objects are just finitely many points in the plane (called seeds, sites, or generators). For each seed there is a corresponding region, called a Voronoi cell, consisting of all points of the plane closer to that seed than to any other. The Voronoi diagram of a set of points is dual to that set's Delaunay triangulation.

The Voronoi diagram is named after mathematician Georgy Voronoy, and is also called a Voronoi tessellation, a Voronoi decomposition, a Voronoi partition, or a Dirichlet tessellation (after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet). Voronoi cells are also known as Thiessen polygons, after Alfred H. Thiessen. Voronoi diagrams have practical and theoretical applications in many fields, mainly in science and technology, but also in visual art.
Footballer of the Year in Russia (Futbol)
Footballer of the Year in Russia was an annual award given by Futbol weekly to the Russian Premier League player of the season. The title was awarded according to the results of a poll conducted by the newspaper. The award started in 1964 as Soviet Footballer of the Year until changing its name for the 1992 season. The last title awarded in 2021.

Soviet Footballer of the Year
The award Soviet Footballer of the Year was awarded to the best footballer of the Soviet Union from 1964 until 1991. The poll was conducted among journalists by the weekly sports newspaper Football (Football-Hockey). Each journalist named his own top three players every year. Each place carried a point weight such as 1st place was worth 3 pts., 2nd - 2, and 3rd - 1.

The idea for the award appeared right after Lev Yashin had received the Ballon d'Or award in 1963. The honours were awarded along with several other prizes and awards at the end of the competition season. For goalkeepers, not limited to the Soviet Footballer of the Year, also were awarded separate honours, the "Best Goalkeeper of the Year". The best goal-scorer of the Soviet Top League was awarded with the "Best Topscorer of the Year". Before becoming an official award in 1964, in the 1950s Moskovskij Komsomolets and Komsomolskaya Pravda were conducting their own polls to honour the best footballer of the country.
Kirriemuir sculptured stones
56°38′39″N 2°53′21″W﻿ / ﻿56.6441°N 2.8891°W﻿ / 56.6441; -2.8891
The Kirriemuir Sculptured Stones are a series of Class II and III Pictish stones found in Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland. Their existence points to Kirriemuir being an important ecclesiastical centre in the late first millennium AD.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Ephrata National Bank
Ephrata National Bank (ENB) is an American FDIC-insured community bank headquartered in Ephrata, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in 1881, ENB has locations in Lancaster, Lebanon, and Berks counties. In 2025, the bank announced an agreement to acquire Elkton, Maryland-based Cecil Bank.

Ephrata, Pennsylvania
Ephrata (/ˈɛfrətə/ EF-rə-tə; Pennsylvania German: Effridaa) is a borough in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located 42 miles (68 km) east of Harrisburg and about 60 miles (97 km) west-northwest of Philadelphia and is named after Ephrath, the former name for current-day Bethlehem. In its early history, Ephrata was a pleasure resort and an agricultural community.

Ephrata's population has steadily grown over the last century. In 1900, 2,452 people lived there, and by 1940, the population had increased to 6,199. The population was 13,794 at the 2020 census. Ephrata is the most populous borough in Lancaster County.

Ephrata's sister city is Eberbach, Germany, the city where its founders originated.
Vargarna
Vargarna (lit. 'the Wolves') is a Swedish motorcycle speedway team based in Norrköping, Sweden, representing SMK Östgöta. The team race at Norrköping Motorstadion. They ride in the Elitserien and are six times champions of Sweden.

Norrköping
Norrköping (/ˈnɔːrʃəpɪŋ/ ⓘ NOR-shə-ping, Swedish: [ˈnɔ̂rːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km (100 miles) southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km (25 miles) east of county seat Linköping and 60 km (40 miles) west of the Södermanland capital of Nyköping. The city has a population of 98,229 inhabitants in 2023, out of a municipal total of 144,980, making it Sweden's eleventh largest city and tenth largest municipality.

The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström, at Bråviken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry.
Angel Heart (manga)
Angel Heart (Japanese: エンジェル・ハート, Hepburn: Enjeru Hāto) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsukasa Hojo published in the Comic Bunch from 2001 throughout 2010. After Comic Bunch stopped being a print magazine and became an online magazine, the manga was transferred to Monthly Comic Zenon under the title of Angel Heart: 2nd Season, which ran from 2010 to 2017. An animated television series based on the manga aired in Japan from October 3, 2005, to September 25, 2006, while a live action TV drama was released in 2015.

The author mentioned in the first tankōbon volume that Angel Heart shares the same characters as City Hunter but is not its continuation.

Angel Heart (2015 TV series)
Angel Heart (エンジェル・ハート) is a Japanese television drama series based on the manga series of the same name by Tsukasa Hojo. Takaya Kamikawa played as Ryō Saeba, Ayaka Miyoshi played as Xiang-Ying, and Saki Aibu played as Kaori Makimura. The theme song is "Save me" by Mariya Nishiuchi. It premiered on NTV on October 11, 2015. The first episode received a viewership rating of 12.5%.
Barkly, Queensland
Barkly is an outback locality in the City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. The locality is on the Queensland border with Northern Territory. In the 2021 census, Barkly had a population of 25 people.

Camooweal
Camooweal is an outback town and locality in the City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. The locality is on the Queensland border with the Northern Territory. In the 2021 census, the locality of Camooweal had a population of 236 people.
Huaral
Huaral (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwɑːrəl]) is a city in Peru, capital of the Huaral Province in the Department of Lima. It is located within the jurisdiction of the Regional Government of Lima-Provinces and is located on the central coast of the country.

It is also known as the "Agricultural Capital" and "Lima's Pantry" due to the abundant produce of the surrounding valleys.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
IPPON Grand Prix
IPPON Grand Prix (IPPONグランプリ, Ippon Guran Puri) is a Japanese variety television show focused on owarai and also a bi-annual oogiri competition hosted by Hitoshi Matsumoto, produced and aired on Fuji TV.

Glossary of owarai terms
The following glossary of words and terms (generally of Japanese origin) are related to owarai (Japanese comedy).  Many of these terms may be used in areas of Japanese culture beyond comedy, including television and radio, music. Some have been incorporated into normal Japanese speech.
Kazakh Short U
Straight U with stroke (Ұ ұ; italics: Ұ ұ), is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In Unicode, this letter is called "Straight U with stroke". Its form is  the Cyrillic letter Ue (Ү ү Ү ү) with a horizontal stroke through it.

U (Cyrillic)
U (У у; italics: У у or У у; italics: У у) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel /u/, somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot" or "boo". The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are similar to the lowercase of the Latin letter Y (Y y; Y y).
Raoul Hausmann
Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886 – February 1, 1971) was an Austrian artist and writer. One of the key figures in Berlin Dada, his experimental photographic collages, sound poetry, and institutional critiques would have a profound influence on the European Avant-Garde in the aftermath of World War I.

Photomontage
Photomontage is the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image. Sometimes the resulting composite image is photographed so that the final image may appear as a seamless physical print. A similar method, although one that does not use film, is realized today through image-editing software. This latter technique is referred to by professionals as "compositing", and in casual usage is often called "photoshopping" (from the name of the popular software system). A composite of related photographs to extend a view of a single scene or subject would not be labeled as a montage, but instead a stitched image or a digital image mosaic.
El Camino del Alma
El camino del alma (The path of the soul) is the third studio album released by Mexican Latin pop singer Cristian Castro. It was released on August 15, 1994. Its major hit was the cover Juan Gabriel's "Mañana, Mañana". The album was nominated in 1996 for Best Latin Pop Album in the Grammy Awards and a Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Album of the Year.

Mañana, Mañana
"Mañana, Mañana" (English: "Tomorrow, Tomorrow") is a song written by Mexican singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel. Argentine singer Libertad Lamarque performed the song in the Mexican movie La loca de los milagros (filmed 1973, premiered 1975). Juan Gabriel released his recording of the song, a duet with Estela Nuñez, on his album Ella (1979). The song describes the departure of a lost love who will never return.

In 1994, Mexican singer Cristian Castro covered the song on his album El Camino del Alma as "Mañana", where it was released as the lead single from the album by Fonovisa. Castro's cover peaked at number-two on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and became the first number-one single on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs chart. A year later, the song received an American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers award for Pop/Contemporary Song.
Dove sono
"Dove sono" (Where are [those happy moments]) is an aria in Italian for lyric soprano from the third act of Mozart's 1786 opera Le nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro). Part of the music to the aria was "recycled" from the earlier "Agnus dei" from Mozart's Coronation Mass (1779). In this aria,  Countess Almaviva laments, in an initial recitative, that her husband has become a philanderer, and that she must rely on assistance from her maid to manipulate him. In the aria, she calmly remembers moments of love, and hopes, with increasing agitation, that her persistence may make him love her again. It is frequently performed in recitals and featured in anthologies of vocal music for lyric soprano.

Coronation Mass (Mozart)
The Krönungsmesse (German for Coronation Mass) (Mass No. 15 in C major, K. 317; sometimes Mass No. 16), composed in 1779, is one of the most popular of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 17 extant settings of the Ordinary of the Mass. While it is relatively short, Bruce C. Macintyre, writing in the Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia, classifies it as a Missa Longa, on the basis of the festal character, size of the orchestra, which includes a substantial brass section, orchestral introductions for the movements and the setting of the intonations for the Gloria and Credo.