hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jumbo Love
Jumbo Love is a very long 76-metre (249 ft) sport climbing route, on remote limestone cliffs on Clark Mountain in the Mojave Desert.  Bolted by American climber Randy Leavitt in the 1990s, he invited Chris Sharma to attempt it in 2007.  When Sharma completed the first free ascent on September 11, 2008, the route became the first-ever rock climb in history to have a confirmed grade of 9b (5.15b), and it remains an important route in the history of rock climbing.

The route has been repeated, and its grade confirmed, by a number of subsequent climbers, including French climber Seb Bouin, who made the fourth ascent on October 25, 2022.  Bouin followed up his ascent by adding a direct start to the route on November 1, 2022, to create a route called Suprême Jumbo Love, which at 9b+ (5.15c) was at that time North America's hardest rock climbing route and only the sixth-ever 9b+ sport-climbing route in history.

Glossary of climbing terms
Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Message from a Drum
Message from a Drum is the third album by Native American rock band Redbone released in 1971. It was released in Europe under the name The Witch Queen of New Orleans with the same track list and a different cover. The CD version released in the early 2000s has the European cover and title of the original LP and includes the single version of "Chant: 13th Hour" as a bonus track (the full version being from the second LP Potlatch).

Redbone (band)
Redbone is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1969 by brothers Pat and Lolly Vegas. All members during their commercial peak were of Chicano and Native American heritage, something heavily reflected in their songs, stage regalia, and album art.

They made the Billboard Hot 100 in the spring of 1974 with "Come and Get Your Love". The single was certified gold, selling over a million copies. With this achievement Redbone became the first Native American band to have such success, with the song reaching number 5. Redbone got additional notice in America with the singles "We Were All Wounded at Wounded Knee", "The Witch Queen of New Orleans", "Wovoka", and "Maggie", although these were more successful overseas.

Pat has been the sole consistent member of the band since Lolly's death in 2010.
Fabio Rojas
Fabio Rojas is Virginia L. Roberts Professor of Sociology at Indiana University Bloomington. He is the author of several sociological books, and starting with the first issue (Winter Issue) of 2018, he will be the co-editor of Contexts magazine with Rashawn Ray. Rojas has also made contributions to The Washington Post, The New York Times, and has been interviewed and appeared on C-SPAN, National Public Radio, and Vox magazine.

Contexts
Contexts: Understanding People in their Social Worlds is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal and an official publication of the American Sociological Association. It is designed to be a more accessible source of sociological ideas and research and has been inspired by the movement towards public sociology.
Tosa, Kōchi (town)
Tosa (土佐町, Tosa-chō) is a town located in Tosa District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 May 2022, the town had an estimated population of 3,670 in 1,908 households and a population density of 17 people per km2. The total area of the town is 212.13 square kilometres (81.90 sq mi).

Tosa District, Kōchi
Tosa (土佐郡, Tosa-gun) is a district located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of the January 1, 2005 merger but with 2003 population estimates, the district has an estimated population of 5,348 and a density of 17.4 persons per km2. The total area is 307.39 km2.
Jamshed Bhabha Theatre
The Jamshed Bhabha Theatre is a 1109-seater theatre inaugurated on 24 November 1999 within The National Centre for the Performing Arts premises in Mumbai, India. It was constructed on reclaimed land at Nariman Point, but a fire in December 1997 destroyed the nearly completed structure, prompting a full rebuild completed in two years. The theatre has since become one of India's premier large-format performance venues, hosting landmark productions such as Mughal‑e‑Azam (2016) and The Mirror Crack'd (2019). It features a 1,109-seat proscenium-style auditorium with finely tuned acoustics by Cyril Harris, designed to function without electronic amplification. A 100-year-old Carrara marble staircase from the demolished Petit Hall in Malabar Hill, whcich was donated by Petit family.

National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)
The National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) is a multi-venue, multi-purpose cultural centre in Mumbai, India, which aims to promote and preserve India's heritage of music, dance, theatre, film, literature and photography. It also presents new and innovative work in the performing arts field.

The centre was founded in 1969 by J. R. D. Tata and Dr. Jamshed Bhabha, brother of nuclear physicist Homi Jehangir Bhabha.

The NCPA is also the home of the Symphony Orchestra of India, which was established by NCPA in 2006. In 2010 the orchestra performed Beethoven's 9th Symphony in Moscow at the 5th World Symphony Orchestra Festival - the first time an orchestra from India had performed there.

On 29 December 2018 NCPA entered its golden jubilee year. It is to undergo renovations to improve the acoustics and overall experience in 2019.
Meñli II Giray
Mengli II Giray (1678–1740) was twice khan of the Crimean Khanate (1724–1730 and 1737–1740). He was a son of khan Selim I Giray and thus one of the six brothers who were khans during most of the period from 1699 to 1742. He was said to be intelligent, a lover of literature and involved with the Sufi order. He funded mosques and madrassas in Crimea, Budjak and Istanbul. During his first reign he regained control the Crimean nobles and then the Nogais in Budjak and the Kuban region.

He was born in 1678 on the isle of Rhodes during his father's first exile. In 1704–1707 he was nureddin under his brother Ğazı III Giray. In 1707–1708 and 1713–1715 he was kalga during the first two reigns of his brother Qaplan I Giray. 
When Qaplan quit he settled at Kadykey near Silistra.

Qaplan I Giray
Qaplan I Giray was three times khan of the Crimean Khanate. He was the son of Selim I Giray and thus one of the six brothers who ruled for most of the period from 1699 to 1743. During his first reign he was defeated by the Kabardians. His second reign ended when he did not fully support the Turks in the Balkans. During his third reign Russia invaded Crimea and burned its capital. He and his brothers, as members of the House of Giray, were direct patrilineal descendants of Tuqa-Timur, son of Jochi Khan, the founder of the Golden Horde.
Peschiera del Garda
Peschiera del Garda (Italian pronunciation: [peˈskjɛːra del ˈɡarda]; Venetian: Pischera; Latin: Ardelica, Arilica) is a town and comune in the province of Verona, in Veneto, Italy.  When Lombardy-Venetia was under Austrian rule, Peschiera was the northwest anchor of the four fortified towns constituting the Quadrilatero. The fortress is on an island in the river Mincio at its outlet from Lake Garda.

The town is encircled by massive Venetian defensive systems that have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 9 July 2017.

Lake Garda
Lake Garda (Italian: Lago di Garda, Italian: [ˈlaːɡo di ˈɡarda], or (Lago) Benaco, Italian: [beˈnaːko]; Eastern Lombard: Lach de Garda; Venetian: Ƚago de Garda) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, between Brescia and Milan to the west, and Verona and Venice to the east.  The lake cuts into the edge of the Italian Alps, particularly the Alpine sub-ranges of the Garda Mountains and the Brenta Group. Glaciers formed this alpine region at the end of the last ice age. The lake and its shoreline are divided between the provinces of Brescia (to the south-west), Verona (south-east) and Trentino (north).
Hunter 27 Edge
The Hunter 27 Edge is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed in 2006 by the Hunter Design Team as a hybrid motorsailer and first built in 2008.

The design was sold by the manufacturer under the marketing name TheEDGE, but is now usually referred to as the Hunter 27 Edge.

Hunter 27-3
The Hunter 27-3 and Hunter 27X are a family of American sailboats that were both designed by Glenn Henderson and both first built in 2006.

The Hunter 27-3 was originally marketed  by the manufacturer as the Hunter 27, but is now usually referred to as the 27-3 to differentiate it from the unrelated 1974 Hunter 27, 1989 Hunter 27-2 and later designs bearing the same name.
Visa requirements for Comorian citizens
Visa requirements for Comorian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Comoros.

As of April 2025, Comorian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 52 countries and territories, ranking the Comorian passport 86th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.

Comorian passport
The Comorian passport is issued to citizens of the Union of the Comoros for international travel. As of 1 January 2017, Comorian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 48 countries and territories, ranking the Comorian passport 88th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Algerian, Cambodian, Egyptian, Guinean and Laotian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.

The UAE and other countries in the Persian Gulf have a partnership with Comoros in which Comoros Islands passports are given to many stateless people (including dissidents).
Silet (TV program)
Silet (English: Razor) is a television news entertainment program formatting infotainment that is broadcast on the Indonesian TV station RCTI and INews. This program first aired on October 21, 2002 hosted by Feni Rose. The program has the slogan is "Semua dikupas secara tajam, setajam Silet (English: Everything is striped off sharply, as sharp as a razor blade), and primarily reports on celebrity news and gossip, along with previews of upcoming films, television shows, viral on social media and gothic mystery, regular segments about all of those seven subjects, along with overall film and television industry news.

Feni Rose
Feni Rosewidyadhari (born November 1, 1973) is an Indonesian presenter and businessperson. She is notable for her performance as Ibu Dewi in a Sabun Surf advertisement, and as a presenter in the Silet infotainment program on RCTI and Formula One in RCTI, TPI, and GlobalTV.
Coat of arms of Glasgow
The coat of arms of Glasgow is the coat of arms belonging to Glasgow City Council, the local authority of Glasgow, Scotland. The coat of arms was first granted by the Lord Lyon King of Arms in 1866, and re-granted to the current city council in 1996. The design references several legends associated with Saint Mungo, the patron saint of Glasgow.

Saint Mungo
Kentigern (Welsh: Cyndeyrn Garthwys; Latin: Kentigernus), known as Mungo, was a missionary in the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century, and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow.
Madison Ayson
Madison Francis Ayson (born January 22, 2001) is a professional soccer player who plays as a defender for A-League Women club Sydney FC. She played college soccer for the Stanford Cardinal and the Xavier Musketeers before starting her professional career with the Houston Dash of the NWSL and Canberra United. Born in the United States, she has been called up to represent the Philippines national team.

Stanford Cardinal women's soccer
The Stanford Cardinal women's soccer team represents Stanford University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. Home games are played at Laird Q. Cagan Stadium, located on the university's campus in Palo Alto. Paul Ratcliffe has coached the Cardinal since 2003, winning Pac-12 Coach of the Year eight times. During his tenure as head coach, the team won the 2011, 2017, and 2019 national championships, and nine Pac-12 titles, played in nine College Cup tournaments, and reached five NCAA Division I tournament finals.

Five Stanford Cardinal players have been awarded the Hermann Trophy, which is awarded annually to the top college soccer player: Kelley O'Hara (2009), Christen Press (2010), Teresa Noyola (2011), Andi Sullivan (2017) and Catarina Macario (2018).
Scarborough Civic Centre
The Scarborough Civic Centre is a civic centre located in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was designed by architect Raymond Moriyama during the development of Scarborough City Centre and initially opened as the city hall of the former borough of Scarborough by then mayor Albert Campbell and Queen Elizabeth II in 1973. The building served as the municipal office and office for the Scarborough Board of Education. Following the amalgamation of Toronto, Scarborough lost its city status and the civic centre became a secondary hub for the City of Toronto government. It is also home to the Scarborough Community Council and offices of the Toronto District School Board.

The civic centre is adjacent to Albert Campbell Square. It is south of Scarborough Centre station and the Scarborough Town Centre shopping mall.

Albert Campbell Square
Albert Campbell Square is a public square in Scarborough City Centre in Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is named after Albert Campbell, the first mayor of the Borough of Scarborough and former chairman of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. Albert Campbell Square is located at 150 Borough Drive, adjacent to the Scarborough Civic Centre south of Scarborough Centre station and Scarborough Town Centre shopping mall.
Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich
The liquidation of the Zaporozhian Host (Sich) in 1775 was the forcible destruction by Russian troops of the Cossack formation, the Nova (Pidpilnenska) Sich, and the final liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich as a semi-autonomous Cossack polity. As a result, the Zaporozhian Lowland Host ceased to exist.

Abolition of the Cossack system in Sloboda Ukraine
The abolition of the Cossack system in Sloboda Ukraine was an administrative and military reform of the government of the Russian Empire, carried out in 1763-1765 and aimed at eliminating the autonomy of the Sloboda Cossack regiments. As a result of the reform, Russian state institutions began to operate on the territory of Sloboda Ukraine, and the Cossack regiments were reformed into Hussar regiments. The Kharkov Governorate with its center in Kharkiv was formed on the territory of the Sloboda regiments.
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula C2H4Br2. Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where it is probably formed by algae and kelp, substantial amounts are produced industrially. It is a dense colorless liquid with a faint, sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm. It is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant. The combustion of 1,2-dibromoethane produces hydrogen bromide gas that is significantly corrosive.

Fumigation
Fumigation is a method of pest control or the removal of harmful microorganisms by completely filling an area with gaseous pesticides, or fumigants, to suffocate or poison the pests within. It is used to control pests in buildings (structural fumigation), soil, grain, and produce. Fumigation is also used during the processing of goods for import  or export to prevent the transfer of exotic organisms.

Structural fumigation targets pests inside buildings (usually residences), including pests that inhabit the physical structure itself, such as woodborers and drywood termites. Commodity fumigation, on the other hand, is also to be conducted inside a physical structure, such as a storage unit, but it aims to eliminate pests from infesting physical goods, usually food products, by killing pests within the container which will house them.

Each fumigation lasts for a certain duration. This is because after spraying the pesticides, or fumigants, only the pests around are eradicated.
JB Leonor
Domingo Leonor III (born November 14, 1962), better known as JB Leonor or Junboy Leonor, is a Filipino drummer and songwriter, best known as the co-founder of the Filipino rock/new wave band The Dawn. Leonor formed the band along with guitarist Teddy Diaz in 1986. As a songwriter, he wrote "I Stand With You" and co-wrote "Give Me the Night" with Jett Pangan.

The Dawn (band)
The Dawn is a Filipino rock band which first achieved commercial success during the late 1980s in the Philippines. The band broke up in 1995 with lead vocalist Jett Pangan forming another band, the Jett Pangan Group. The Dawn reunited in late 1999. The Dawn is considered the "longest-lived and most prolific rock band in the Philippines".
Wenceslao Trinidad
Wenceslao "Peewee" Bayona Trinidad (August 18, 1933 – March 4, 2016) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the mayor of Pasay City from 2000 to 2010. He previously served as the city's vice mayor from 1980 to 1986 and from 1992 to 1998 and as second district councilor from 1963 to 1967.

Pasay
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: [ˈpaː.saɪ̯]), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 453,186 people.

Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period. It is now best known for being the site of most of Ninoy Aquino International Airport and of complexes such as Newport City and the SM Central Business Park.
East Sussex County Council
East Sussex County Council is the upper tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county; the latter additionally includes Brighton and Hove.

East Sussex is divided into five local government districts. Three are larger, rural, districts (from west to east: Lewes; Wealden; and Rother). The other two, Eastbourne and Hastings, are mainly urban areas. The rural districts are subdivided into civil parishes.

The council has been under no overall control since 2023, being led by a Conservative minority administration. It has its headquarters at County Hall in Lewes; there are a number of other administrative buildings located throughout the county.

Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove (/ˈbraɪtən ... ˈhoʊv/ BRY-tən … HOHV) is a city and unitary authority area, ceremonially in East Sussex, England. There are multiple villages alongside the seaside resorts of Brighton and Hove in the district. It is administered by Brighton and Hove City Council, which is currently under Labour majority control.

The two resorts, along with Worthing and Littlehampton in West Sussex, make up the second most-populous built-up area of South East England, after South Hampshire. In 2014, Brighton and Hove City Council and other nearby councils formed the Greater Brighton City Region local enterprise partnership area.
Annie Get Your Gun (musical)
Annie Get Your Gun is a 1946 musical with lyrics and music by Irving Berlin and a book by Dorothy Fields and her brother Herbert Fields. The story is a fictionalized version of the life of Annie Oakley (1860–1926), a sharpshooter who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West, and her romance with fellow sharpshooter Frank E. Butler (1847–1926).

The 1946 Broadway production was a hit, and the musical had long runs in both New York (1,147 performances) and London, spawning revivals, a 1950 film version and television versions. Songs that became hits include "There's No Business Like Show Business", "Doin' What Comes Natur'lly", "You Can't Get a Man with a Gun", "They Say It's Wonderful", and "Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)".

Frank E. Butler
Francis E. Butler (bapt.Tooltip baptised January 30, 1847 – November 21, 1926) was an Irish-American marksman who performed in Wild West variety shows. He developed a shooting act with his performing partner John Graham, and when Graham fell ill the sharpshooter Annie Oakley stood in for him. Butler and Oakley began to perform together and later married, and they joined the Sells Brothers Circus. They became famous as a sharpshooting duo during their time in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show from 1885 to 1901. Butler also worked as a representative and salesman for gun manufacturers.
Penta-2,3-dienedioic acid
Penta-2,3-dienedioic acid (one of two chemicals called glutinic acid), is an allene-containing dicarboxylic acid. It was the first allene to be synthesized, in 1887, but the structure of it was thought to be a propyne core instead of an allene. The correct structural isomeric identity was not determined until 1954.

Glutinic acid, a substituted allene, was isolated from Alnus glutinosa (Betulaceae).

Allenes
In organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms (R2C=C=CR2, where R is H or some organyl group). Allenes are classified as cumulated dienes. The parent compound of this class is propadiene (H2C=C=CH2), which is itself also called allene. A group of the structure R2C=C=CR− is called allenyl, while a substituent attached to an allene is referred to as an allenic substituent (R is H or some alkyl group). In analogy to allylic and propargylic, a substituent attached to a saturated carbon α (i.e., directly adjacent) to an allene is referred to as an allenylic substituent.  While allenes have two consecutive ('cumulated') double bonds, compounds with three or more cumulated double bonds are called cumulenes.
Charkh
Charkh (Persian: چرخ lit. "Wheel") is an Iranian television talk show that has aired on IRIB TV4 since 2015. Each episode focuses on scientific topics and is approximately 75 minutes in length. The series airs every working day-night (six days a week).

IRIB TV4
IRIB TV4 (Persian: شبكه چهار, romanized: Shabakeh-ye Chahaar, lit. 'Channel Four') is one of the 32 national television channels in Iran. Its slogan is "the channel of wisdom."

The channel is operated by IRIB and started broadcasting in April 1994, shortly after IRIB TV3 went on air in December 1993. The channel is known to be a more artistic and academic channel than its counterparts. It broadcasts documentaries, academic conferences, interviews with scholars, artistic movies, economic magazines, plays, and philosophical discussions.

Gholamreza Gholami is the current manager of the channel.
Avapritinib
Avapritinib, sold under the brand name Ayvakit among others, is a medication used for the treatment of advanced systemic mastocytosis and indolent systemic mastocytosis. It is also used for the treatment of tumors due to one specific rare mutation: it is specifically intended for adults with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that harbor a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) exon 18 mutation. Avapritinib is a kinase inhibitor.

Common side effects include edema (swelling), nausea, fatigue/asthenia (abnormal physical weakness or lack of energy), cognitive impairment, vomiting, decreased appetite, diarrhea, hair color changes, increased lacrimation (secretion of tears), abdominal pain, constipation, rash and dizziness.

Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis, a type of mast cell disease, is a rare disorder affecting both children and adults caused by the accumulation of functionally defective mast cells (also called mastocytes) and CD34+ mast cell precursors.

People affected by mastocytosis are susceptible to a variety of symptoms, including itching, hives, and anaphylactic shock, caused by the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory substances from mast cells.