hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
OEMServices
OEMServices SAS (formerly SAVE GIE), or OEMS for short, is a French company involved in the maintenance, repair, overhaul, logistics and customer support of commercial aircraft. It is a joint venture between aerospace giants Safran, Thales, Diehl and Liebherr, acting as their AOG and MRO subsidiary for Aircraft Component Maintenance and spillover support.

The company was established in 2009 with Zodiac Aerospace, Thales Group, Diehl Aerospace and Liebherr Aerospace each owning 25%. Zodiac Aerospace was purchased outright by Safran in 2018. The purchase of Zodiac Aerospace by the Safran Group made OEMServices part of the new Safran conglomerate.

Thales Group
Thales S.A., trading as Thales Group (French pronunciation: [talɛs]), is a French multinational aerospace and defence corporation specialising in electronics.

It designs, develops and manufactures a wide variety of aerospace and military systems, devices and equipment but also operates in the cybersecurity and formerly civil ground transportation sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris' business district, La Défense, and its stock is listed on Euronext Paris.

Founded as Thomson-CSF in 1968, the group was rebranded Thales in 2000 due to the company's desire to simplify and improve the group's brand.

Thales is partially owned by the French state and operates in more than 68 countries. In 2023, the company generated €18,42 billion in revenue and was the 17th largest defence contractor in the world, with 53% of its total revenue generated from its military activities.
Edward Drummond
Edward Drummond (30 March 1792 – 25 January 1843) was a British civil servant, and was Personal Secretary to several British prime ministers. He was fatally shot by Daniel M'Naghten, whose subsequent trial gave rise to the M'Naghten rules, the legal test of insanity used in many common law jurisdictions.

Daniel M'Naghten
Daniel M'Naghten (sometimes spelt McNaughtan or McNaughton; 1813 – 3 May 1865) was a Scottish woodturner who assassinated British civil servant Edward Drummond while suffering from delusions of persecution. Tried for murder, he was found not guilty on the ground of insanity and committed to Bethlem Hospital. Following his trial and its aftermath, his name was given to the legal test of criminal insanity in England and other common law jurisdictions known as the M'Naghten rules.
Al-Aqaid al-Nasafiyya
Al-Aqaid al-Nasafiyya (Arabic: العقائد النسفية) is a classical Islamic creed treatise of the Maturidi school, attributed to the Hanafi scholar Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi. Some scholars have suggested Burhan al-Din al-Nasafi as the author, but most evidence from manuscripts and research supports Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi. The work was likely written at the request of Seljuk authorities to present a clear statement of Sunni belief and counter the influence of sects such as the Ismailis. It is considered a summary of Tabsirat al-Adilla by Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi, which itself drew on Abu Mansur al-Maturidi's Kitab al-Tawhid. The treatise became widely studied over time, especially after Al-Taftazani wrote the first major commentary, i.e., Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya, and it was taught for centuries in Ottoman and other madrasas such as Al-Azhar University. Today, it remains a major textbook on Islamic creed in scholarly circles.

Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya
Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya (Arabic: شرح العقائد النسفية) is a commentary written by the Hanafi-Shafi'i scholar al-Taftazani (d. 791/1389 or 792/1390) on the creed of Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi's Al-Aqaid al-Nasafiyya, an authoritative compendium on Islamic Sunni theology that remained a standard textbook in Ottoman schools. The book is a commentary on al-Nasafi's treatise, in which al-Nasafi systematized Hanafi-Maturidi theology. However, al-Taftazani adopted an Ash'ari perspective in his commentary.
Armenak Urfanyan
Armenak Urfanyan (Armenian: Արմենակ Ուրֆանյան; 28 January 1990 – 2 April 2016) was an Armenian serviceman in the Artsakh Defense Army, captain of the Armed Forces of Armenia, participant of the Four-Day War. In 2020 he was posthumously awarded the Hero of Artsakh military award, which is the highest honorary title of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh.

During the Four-Day War, Urafanyan realized that it was impossible to resist the Azerbaijani forces, exceeding in number and military equipment, he decided to fight by himself, commanding the soldiers to retreat. Kyaram Sloyan, Robert Abajyan and Andranik Zohrabyan fell with their commander and others were wounded.

Robert Abajyan
Robert Abajyan (Armenian: Ռոբերտ Աբաջյան; 16 November 1996 – 2 April 2016) was an Armenian junior sergeant in the Republic of Artsakh Defense Army. He was posthumously awarded the "Hero of Artsakh" which is the highest honorary title of the self-declared Republic of Artsakh.

Abajyan fought alone for several hours against special forces groups of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces during the Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes of 2016 in the northeast line of contact on the night of 1–2 April. He gestured as if to surrender, and then pulled out a grenade and blew up the approaching Azerbaijani soldiers with himself.
Pollan (fish)
The pollan or Irish pollan (Coregonus pollan or Coregonus autumnalis) is a freshwater whitefish known only from five Irish lakes, Lough Neagh, Lower Lough Erne, Lough Ree, Lough Derg and Lough Allen. The pollan faces competition from introduced species such as pike, roach and zebra mussel, and the populations rely on restocking for survival.

Coregonus
Coregonus is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae).  The Coregonus species are known as whitefishes.  The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type species of the genus is Coregonus lavaretus.

Most Coregonus species inhabit lakes and rivers, and several species, including the Arctic cisco (C. autumnalis), the Bering cisco (C. laurettae), and the least cisco (C. sardinella) are anadromous, moving between salt water and fresh water.

Many whitefish species or ecotypes, especially from the Great Lakes and the Alpine lakes of Europe, have gone extinct over the past century or are endangered. Among 12 freshwater fish considered extinct in Europe, 6 are Coregonus. All Coregonus species are protected under appendix III of the Bern Convention, and Annex IV of the EC Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)
Universal Numbering System
The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the American system, is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States.

Most of the rest of the world uses the FDI World Dental Federation notation, accepted as an international standard by the International Standards Organization as ISO 3950. However, dentists in the United Kingdom commonly still use the older Palmer notation despite the difficulty in representing its graphical components in computerized (non-handwritten) records.

Dental notation
Dental professionals, in writing or speech, use several different dental notation systems for associating information with a specific tooth. The three most common systems are the FDI World Dental Federation notation (ISO 3950), the Universal Numbering System, and the Palmer notation. The FDI notation is used worldwide, and the Universal is used widely in the United States. The FDI notation can be easily adapted to computerized charting.

Another system is used by paleoanthropologists.
Homotopical connectivity
In  algebraic topology, homotopical connectivity is a property describing a topological space based on the dimension of its holes. In general, low homotopical connectivity indicates that the space has at least one low-dimensional hole. The concept of n-connectedness generalizes the concepts of path-connectedness and simple connectedness.

An equivalent definition of homotopical connectivity is based on the homotopy groups of the space. A space is n-connected  (or n-simple connected) if its first n homotopy groups are trivial.

Homotopical connectivity is defined for maps, too. A map is n-connected if it is an isomorphism "up to dimension n, in homotopy".

Homotopy group
In mathematics, homotopy groups are used in algebraic topology to classify topological spaces. The first and simplest homotopy group is the fundamental group, denoted  which records information about loops in a space.  Intuitively, homotopy groups record information about the basic shape, or holes, of a topological space.

To define the nth homotopy group, the base-point-preserving maps from an n-dimensional sphere (with base point) into a given space (with base point)  are collected into equivalence classes, called homotopy classes. Two mappings are homotopic if one can be continuously deformed into the other. These homotopy classes form a group, called the nth homotopy group,  of the given space X with base point. Topological spaces with differing homotopy groups are never homeomorphic, but topological spaces that are not homeomorphic can have the same homotopy groups.

The notion of homotopy of paths was introduced by Camille Jordan.
Cape-class patrol boat
The Cape-class is a ship class of 26 large patrol boats operated by the Marine Unit of the Australian Border Force (ABF), the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard. First ordered in 2011, the vessels were built by Austal to replace Customs' Bay-class patrol boats, and entered service from 2013 onwards. Follow on orders were made in 2015 then 2018 by the RAN to augment, then eventually replace its Armidale class patrol boats. More orders were then made by the ABF from 2024 onwards to replace the remaining Bay class patrol boats and expand its patrol boat force.

Bay-class patrol boat
The Bay class is a class of eight armed patrol boats, built by Austal and used by the Customs Marine Unit of the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service. They entered service during the late 1990s and early 2000s, and are primarily used on border protection duties.

The class was due to be replaced by 2010, but a request for tender was not issued until June of that year. The availability of the Bay class ships decreased during the later years of their service life. After the Cape class began entering service, four of the Bays were offered to other forces; two each to the Sri Lankan Navy and the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency.
French frigate Iphigénie (1810)
Iphigénie was a 44-gun Pallas-class frigate of the French Navy launched in 1810. The British captured her in 1814. The British named her HMS Palma, and then renamed her HMS Gloire. She was sold in 1817, never having been commissioned into the Royal Navy.

In 1813, along with Alcmène, she served at Cherbourg, in the squadron of contre-amiral Amable Troude, to protect the harbour.

French frigate Alcmène (1811)
The French frigate Alcmène was an Armide-class frigate of a nominal 44 guns, launched in 1811. The British captured her on 1814. The Royal Navy named her HMS Dunira, and then renamed her HMS Immortalite but never commissioned her nor fitted her for sea. In March 1822 she became a receiving ship at Portsmouth. She was sold in January 1837.

In 1813, along with Iphigénie, she served at Cherbourg, in the squadron of contre-amiral Amable Troude, to protect the harbour.
Te Ruki Kawiti
Te Ruki Kawiti (1770s – 5 May 1854) was a prominent Māori rangatira (chief). He and Hōne Heke successfully fought the British in the Flagstaff War in 1845–46.

He traced descent from Rāhiri and Nukutawhiti of the Ngātokimatawhaorua canoe, the ancestors of the Ngāpuhi. He was born in the north of New Zealand into the Ngāti Hine hapū, one of the subtribes of the Ngāpuhi. From his youth he was trained in leadership and warfare by Hongi Hika. He was present at the Battle of Moremonui in 1807 or 1808 when many Ngāpuhi were slaughtered by Ngāti Whātua, despite the former having a few muskets. Almost twenty years later, in 1825, he was at the Battle of Te Ika-a-ranga-nui when it was Ngāpuhi's turn to slaughter Ngāti Whātua in an act of utu, or revenge. He took a number of Ngāti Whātua captive and refused to hand them over to Hongi Hika, preferring instead to return them to their own people to whom he was related.

Flagstaff War
The Flagstaff War, also known as  Heke's War, Hōne Heke's Rebellion and the Northern War, was fought between 11 March 1845 and 11 January 1846 in and around the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. The conflict is best remembered for the actions of Hōne Heke who challenged the authority of the British by cutting down the flagstaff on Flagstaff Hill (Maiki Hill) at Kororāreka (now Russell). The flagstaff had been a gift from Hōne Heke to James Busby, the first British Resident. The Northern War involved many major actions, including the Battle of Kororāreka on 11 March 1845, the Battle of Puketutu on 8 May 1845, the Battle of Ōhaeawai on 23 June 1845 and the siege of Ruapekapeka Pā from 27 December 1845 to 11 January 1846. The conflict is seen as one of the first of the New Zealand Wars.
Julian Jordan
Julian Dobbenberg (born 20 August 1995), better known by his stage name Julian Jordan, is a Dutch DJ and music producer from Apeldoorn. He is best known for the songs "Kangaroo" with Sander van Doorn and "BFAM" with Martin Garrix.

Martin Garrix
Martijn Gerard Garritsen (Dutch pronunciation: [mɑrˈtɛin ɣəˈrɑrt‿ˈxɑrɪtsə(n)]; born 14 May 1996), known professionally as Martin Garrix and also as Ytram or GRX, is a Dutch DJ and record producer. Best known for his singles "Animals", "In the Name of Love", and "Scared to Be Lonely", he was ranked number one on DJ Mag's Top 100 DJs list in 2016, 2017, and 2018.

Garrix has performed at music festivals such as Coachella, Electric Daisy Carnival, Ultra Music Festival, Tomorrowland, and Creamfields. In 2014, he headlined the first edition of Ultra South Africa, making this his first major festival. In the same year, he became the youngest DJ to headline 2014 Ultra Music Festival at the age of 17. He was a resident DJ at Spain's Hï Ibiza (2017) and Ushuaïa Ibiza (2016 and 2018). He founded the label Stmpd Rcrds in 2016, months after leaving Spinnin' Records and before signing with Sony Music.
Hong Kong Housing Society
The Hong Kong Housing Society, or Housing Society for short, is the second largest public housing provider in Hong Kong (the first being the Hong Kong Housing Authority). The Society housed around 130,000 residents as of 2020. The Housing Society has been a dedicated housing provider in constantly identifying the housing needs of different sectors of the community and developing housing options attuned to their needs. Since its inception, a total of over 73,000 units have been built under different housing schemes, including Rental Estate, Rural Public Housing, Urban Improvement Scheme, Flat-for-Sale Scheme, Sandwich Class Housing Scheme, Full Market Value Development, Urban Renewal Project, Senior Citizen Residences Scheme, The Tanner Hill and Subsidised Sale Flats project.

The society is a non-governmental organisation and non-profit organisation.
The chairman of the society is Walter Chan (陳家樂) and the chief executive officer and executive director is Chan Yum-min (陳欽勉).

Hong Kong Housing Authority
The Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) is the main provider of public housing in Hong Kong. It was established in April 1973 under the Housing Ordinance and is an agency of the Government of Hong Kong. In the same year, the Resettlement Department and the Building Section of the Urban Services Department were merged to form the Housing Department, which acts as the Housing Authority's executive body.
Lincoln MKT
The Lincoln MKT is a full-size luxury crossover SUV with 3-row seating marketed by the Lincoln division of Ford Motor Company over a single generation from 2010-2019. Marketed between the Lincoln MKX (renamed the Lincoln Nautilus) and the Lincoln Navigator, the MKT shared its Ford D4 chassis with the Ford Flex CUV and the 2011-2019 Ford Explorer.

After the 2019 model year, Ford stopped using its D3/D4 chassis, discontinuing the MKT and counterparts.  Within the Lincoln model range, the MKT was not directly replaced.

The MKT was assembled by Ford of Canada at its Oakville Assembly facility at Oakville, Ontario, Canada.

Ford Flex
The Ford Flex is a full-size crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Ford over a single generation for the 2009–2019 model years, having entered production in 2008. It is the successor to the Ford Taurus X.

The Flex was introduced in 2005 as a concept vehicle based on the Ford D4 chassis architecture, a variant of the Ford D3 platform shared with the 2011-2019 Explorer and the Lincoln MKT; the latter a rebadged variant of the Flex.

From June 2008 until its discontinuation in 2019, the Ford Flex was manufactured by Ford Canada at Oakville Assembly (Oakville, Ontario); the Flex and the Lincoln MKT were produced alongside the Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX (today, Lincoln Nautilus). The Flex was marketed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East — with production reaching just over 300,000.
Adductor brevis muscle
The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately deep to the pectineus and adductor longus.  It belongs to the adductor muscle group.  The main function of the adductor brevis is to pull the thigh medially. The adductor brevis and the rest of the adductor muscle group is also used to stabilize left to right movements of the trunk, when standing on both feet, or to balance when standing on a moving surface.  The adductor muscle group is used pressing the thighs together to ride a horse, and kicking with the inside of the foot in soccer or swimming.  Last, they contribute to flexion of the thigh when running or against resistance (squats, jumping, etc.).

Adductor longus muscle
In the human body, the adductor longus is a skeletal muscle located in the thigh.  One of the adductor muscles of the hip, its main function is to adduct the thigh and it is innervated by the obturator nerve.  It forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle.
Belembaotuyan
The eleaotua is a musical bow played in Guam, also spelled eluaotuas, eleaotuchan, and elimau-tuyan. This gourd-resonating musical bow likely has common roots with the Brazilian berimbau, due to constant trade between Asia and South America in the nineteenth century, during which the instrument may have been introduced to the Chamorro people. The instrument also resembles various zither/boat lutes found throughout Southeast Asia (esp. in the Philippines) called kutiyapi.

Musical bow
The musical bow (bowstring or string bow, a subset of bar zithers) is a simple string instrument used by a number of African peoples as well as Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It consists of a flexible, usually wooden, stick 1.5 to 10 feet (0.5 to 3 m) long, and strung end to end with a taut cord, usually metal. It can be played with the hands or a wooden stick or branch. It is uncertain if the musical bow developed from the hunting bow, though the San or Bushmen people of the Kalahari Desert do convert their hunting bows to musical use.

Types of bow include mouth-resonated string bow, earth-resonated string bow, and gourd-resonated string bow.
Myosotis lytteltonensis
Myosotis lytteltonensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae and a synonym of Myosotis australis. It was first described as a variety of M. australis, considered endemic to the South Island of New Zealand, then raised to species status, and subsequently synonymised with Myosotis australis in 2020. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white or yellow corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly exserted.

Myosotis australis
Myosotis australis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to New Zealand, Australia and New Guinea. Robert Brown described this species in 1810. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white or yellow corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly protruded.
Root Letter
Root Letter, stylized as √Letter, is a 2016 visual novel adventure video game developed and published by Kadokawa Games for PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Microsoft Windows, Android, and iOS. It is the first entry in the Kadokawa Game Mystery brand, and was followed by Root Film in 2020.

Root Letter: Last Answer, a revamp of the game with additional content, including live-action sequences, was released on August 30 and September 3, 2019 for Europe and North America with an initial release in Asia in December 2018.

A live-action American feature film adaptation of the game was announced in 2018 as a co-production between US-based AMMO Entertainment and Japan-based Ammo Inc. The film entered production in September 2019, and was released on September 1, 2022.

Root Film
Root Film is an adventure visual novel video game by Kadokawa Games. The game is a spiritual successor to 2016's Root Letter visual novel and the second entry in the Kadokawa Mystery Games series. The game released on the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 in Japan in July 2020, and on March 19, 2021 in North America and Europe.
Robot series
The Robot series is a series of 37 science fiction short stories and six novels created by American writer Isaac Asimov; the books were published between 1940 and 1995. The series is set in a world where sentient positronic robots serve a number of purposes in society. To ensure their loyalty, the Three Laws of Robotics are programmed into these robots, with the intent of preventing them from ever becoming a danger to humanity. Later, Asimov merged the Robot series with his Foundation series.

Positronic brain
A positronic brain is a fictional technological device, originally conceived by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.  It functions as a central processing unit (CPU) for robots, and, in some unspecified way, provides them with a form of consciousness recognizable to humans.  When Asimov wrote his first robot stories in 1939 and 1940, the positron was a newly discovered particle, and so the buzz word "positronic" added a scientific connotation to the concept. Asimov's 1942 short story "Runaround" elaborates his fictional Three Laws of Robotics, which are ingrained in the positronic brains of nearly all of his robots.
Bourne, Massachusetts
Bourne (/bɔːrn/ BORN) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. The population was 20,452 at the 2020 census.

For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Bourne, please see the articles on Bourne (CDP), Buzzards Bay, Monument Beach, Pocasset, Sagamore, and Sagamore Beach.

Sagamore, Massachusetts
Sagamore is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bourne in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 3,623 at the 2010 census.
"Sagamore" was one of the words used by northeastern Native Americans to designate an elected chief or leader.
Radlett
Radlett is a large village in Hertfordshire, England, between Elstree and St Albans on Watling Street, with a population of 10,060. It is in the council district of Hertsmere in the south of the county, and forms part of the civil parish of Aldenham. Radlett is located just inside the M25 motorway between Watford and Borehamwood.

Aldenham
Aldenham is a village and civil parish in the borough of Hertsmere in Hertfordshire, England. The parish includes Radlett and Letchmore Heath as well as Aldenham village itself. The village of Aldenham lies 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-east of Watford and 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of Radlett. Aldenham was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and is one of Hertsmere's 14 conservation areas. The village has eight pre-19th-century listed buildings and the parish itself is largely unchanged, though buildings have been rebuilt, since Saxon times when the majority of the land was owned by the abbots of Westminster Abbey.

In the Index of Multiple Deprivation, the ward of Aldenham East was ranked the least deprived ward out of 8414 in England, while Aldenham West also featured among the least deprived three per cent in the country.