hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human Shadow Etched in Stone
Human Shadow Etched in Stone (人影の石, hitokage no ishi) is an exhibition at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. It is thought to be the shadow of a person who was sitting at the entrance of Hiroshima Branch of Sumitomo Bank when Little Boy was exploded over the city. It is also known as Human Shadow of Death or simply the Blast Shadow.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is a museum in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, in central Hiroshima, Japan, dedicated to documenting the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in World War II.

The museum was established in August 1955 with the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Hall (now the International Conference Center Hiroshima). It is the most popular of Hiroshima's destinations for school field trips from all over Japan and for international visitors. 53 million people visited the museum between 1955 and 2005, averaging over one million yearly. The architect of the main building was Kenzō Tange.
2004 Monza F3000 round
The 2004 Monza F3000 round was a motor racing event held on 11 September 2004 at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Italy. It was the tenth round of the 2004 International Formula 3000 Championship, and was held in support of the 2004 Italian Grand Prix.

2004 Italian Grand Prix
The 2004 Italian Grand Prix (officially the Formula 1 Gran Premio Vodafone d'Italia 2004) was a Formula One motor race held on 12 September 2004 at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza. It was Race 15 of 18 in the 2004 FIA Formula One World Championship.
Granatspitze Group
The Granatspitze Group (German: Granatspitzgruppe), sometimes also the Granatspitz Group, is a sub-group of the Central Alps within the Eastern Alps. Together with the Ankogel Group, the Goldberg Group, the Glockner Group, the Schober Group, the Kreuzeck Group, the Venediger Group, the Villgraten Mountains and the Rieserferner Group, the  Granatspitze Group forms the main range known as the High Tauern. The Granatspitze Group is located in Austria in the federal states of Salzburg and Tyrol. Its highest summit is the Großer Muntanitz, 3,232 m (AA)

The Granatspitze Group is located in the central part of the High Tauern. The Felbertauernstraße road is the boundary of the group in the west. The group is rather overshadowed by its more famous neighbours which include the Großglockner and the Großvenediger. The range takes its name from the Granatspitze, 3,086 m above sea level (AA)

Glockner Group
The Glockner Group (German: Glocknergruppe) is a sub-group of the Austrian Central Alps in the Eastern Alps, and is located in the centre section of the High Tauern on the main chain of the Alps.

The Glockner Group lies in Austria in the federal states of Salzburg, Tyrol and Carinthia. The three states meet at a tripoint on the summit of the Eiskögele (3,436 m (AA)).

The highest summit of the Glockner Group and also the highest peak in Austria is the Großglockner (3,798 m above sea level (AA)), which gives the mountain group its name. Considerable portions of the Glockner Group belong to the core zone of the High Tauern National Park. Also found in the Glockner Group is the Pasterze, the largest glacier in Austria.
Chatswood, New Zealand
Chatswood is a suburb in the city of Auckland, New Zealand, in the middle-eastern side of the North Shore. It contains a primary school and many parks. To the south of Chatswood is Kendall's Bay, a small bay of the Waitematā Harbour. The suburb is under the governance of Auckland Council. The Royal New Zealand Navy's Kauri Point Armament Depot is located in Chatswood. Chelsea Sugar Refinery is located in Chatswood.

Kauri Point Armament Depot
The Defence Armament Depot, named the Kauri Point Armament Depot until 2010, is a New Zealand Defence Force munitions storage facility in the Auckland suburb of Chatswood which was originally built for the Royal New Zealand Navy. The Depot has access to Waitematā Harbour. The armament depot was established in 1935, and was considerably expanded during the Second World War. A programme to modernise the facility was announced in 2011.
Trenes de Buenos Aires
Trenes de Buenos Aires (TBA) (In English: Trains of Buenos Aires) was a private company that operated commuter rail services over the 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge Sarmiento and Mitre lines of Buenos Aires. The company, owned by Claudio and Mario Cirigliano, also operated long-distance services on the General Mitre Railway to central-western Argentina and on the General Urquiza Railway to northern Argentina and Uruguay on the international Tren de los Pueblos Libres.

From 2004 to 2012 TBA, a company which is a subsidiary of the Plaza Group  controlled by the Cirigliano family, was part of the consortium Unidad de Gestión Operativa Ferroviaria de Emergencia (UGOFE) which operated other commuter rail services in Buenos Aires. The company became synonymous with the collapse of the railways in Argentina under privatisation and the company was subject to numerous investigations and legal proceedings.

Sarmiento Line
The Sarmiento line is a broad gauge commuter rail service in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, run by the state-owned Trenes Argentinos since 11 September 2013.

The line is part of Domingo Sarmiento Railway, running trains departing from Once de Septiembre station in the Balvanera neighborhood of Buenos Aires to the cities of Moreno, Lobos, and Mercedes in Buenos Aires Province. The 167-km long line has 40 stations. As of 2018, a total of 101,453 services had been run, with 85,946,312 passengers carried.
Keanolani
Keanolani (July 7, 1847 – June 30, 1902) was a Hawaiian chiefess (aliʻi) of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She was the illegitimate daughter of Abigail Maheha and King Kamehameha V, who reigned from 1863 to 1872, and was born during a liaison between the two when they were students at the Chiefs' Children's School (later renamed the Royal School), a boarding school run by American missionaries for students of Hawaiian royal descent. Keanolani was raised by her father's half-sister Keʻelikōlani. Her illegitimate birth and unacknowledged parentage prevented her from succeeding to the Hawaiian throne when her father died without naming an heir, thus ending the reign of the House of Kamehameha. In 1873, she became a mistress of her uncle by marriage William Hoapili Kaʻauwai. In 1874, she became a supporter of the newly elected House of Kalākaua. She married and left descendants. Her name is often abbreviated Keano or Keanu. In one source, she is referred to as Keauoʻokalau.

Abigail Maheha
Abigail Maheha (July 10, 1832 – February 13, 1861) was a Hawaiian chiefess (aliʻi) of the Kingdom of Hawaii. At a young age, she was chosen to attend the Chiefs' Children's School (later renamed the Royal School) taught by the American missionary Amos Starr Cooke and his wife, Juliette Montague Cooke, alongside her half-sister Jane Loeau and fourteen of her royal cousins.
Madea's Big Happy Family
Madea's Big Happy Family is a 2010 American stage play created, produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Mabel "Madea" Simmons and Cassi Davis as Aunt Bam. The play also marks the debut appearance of Aunt Bam played by Davis. Perry began writing the show after the death of his mother Willie Maxine Perry on December 8, 2009. The main character of Shirley is based on her. The live performance released on DVD on November 23, 2010 was recorded live in Atlanta at the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre in July 2010. The play was performed 125 times in 126 days over the course of its 2010 tour.

Madea
Mabel Earlene "Madea" Simmons  is a character created and portrayed by Tyler Perry. She is presented as a tough, street-smart elderly African-American woman.

Madea is based on Perry's mother and his aunt. In Perry's own words, Madea is "exactly the PG version of my mother and my aunt, and I loved having an opportunity to pay homage to them. She would beat the hell out of you but make sure the ambulance got there in time to make sure they could set your arm back because the love was there inside all of it."

The Madea films and plays are comedies, but all contain serious themes and are intended to deliver moral messages about issues such as infidelity, spousal abuse and the consequences of one's actions. The character also appeared in sketches on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.
Minolta
Minolta Co., Ltd. (ミノルタ, Minoruta) was a Japanese manufacturer of cameras, lenses, camera accessories, photocopiers, fax machines, and laser printers. Minolta Co., Ltd., which is also known simply as Minolta, was founded in Osaka, Japan, in 1928 as Nichi-Doku Shashinki Shōten (日独写真機商店; meaning Japanese-German camera shop). It made the first integrated autofocus 35 mm SLR camera system. In 1931, the company adopted its final name, an acronym for "Mechanism, Instruments, Optics, and Lenses by Tashima".

In 2003, Minolta merged with Konica to form Konica Minolta. On 19 January 2006, Konica Minolta announced that it was leaving the camera and photo business, and that it would sell a portion of its SLR camera business to Sony as part of its move to pull completely out of the business of selling cameras and photographic film.

In 2017, Konica Minolta sold the Minolta trademark to JMM Lee Properties, which licensed it to Elite brands for line of digital cameras, camcorders, and dashcams.

Konica Minolta
Konica Minolta, Inc. (コニカミノルタ, Konika Minoruta) is a Japanese multinational technology company headquartered in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, with offices in 45 countries worldwide. The company manufactures business and industrial imaging products, including copiers, laser printers, multi-functional peripherals (MFPs) and digital print systems for the production printing market. Konica Minolta's Managed Print Service (MPS) is called Optimised Print Services. The company also makes optical devices, including lenses and LCD film; medical and graphic imaging products, such as X-ray image processing systems, colour proofing systems, and X-ray film; photometers, 3-D digitizers, and other sensing products; and textile printers. It once had camera and photo operations inherited from Konica and Minolta but they were sold in 2006 to Sony, with Sony's Alpha series being the successor SLR division brand.
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen iodide (HI) is a diatomic molecule and hydrogen halide. Aqueous solutions of HI are known as hydroiodic acid or hydriodic acid, a strong acid. Hydrogen iodide and hydroiodic acid are, however, different in that the former is a gas under standard conditions, whereas the latter is an aqueous solution of the gas. They are interconvertible. HI is used in organic and inorganic synthesis as one of the primary sources of iodine and as a reducing agent.

Hydroiodic acid
Hydroiodic acid (or hydriodic acid) is a colorless liquid. It is an aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide with the chemical formula HI(aq). It is a strong acid, in which hydrogen iodide is ionized completely in an aqueous solution. Concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrogen iodide are usually 48% to 57% HI by mass.
County Route 569 (New Jersey)
County Route 569 (CR 569) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 8.53 miles (13.73 km) from Quakerbridge Road (CR 533) in Lawrence Township to Broad Street (CR 518) in Hopewell Borough.

County Route 518 (New Jersey)
County Route 518 (CR 518) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 20.58 miles (33.12 km) from Route 29/Route 165 in Lambertville to Lincoln Highway (Route 27) in Franklin Township. It is also known as the Georgetown Franklin Turnpike.
R-Line (RIPTA)
The R-Line is a rapid bus service in Rhode Island, United States, running from Pawtucket to Cranston via downtown Providence. This route was a combination of the old routes 11 and 99. Operated by the Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA), it is the agency's first rapid bus route, and the second such system to open in New England (after the MBTA Silver Line). After several years of planning and construction, R-Line service began on June 21, 2014.

Rhode Island Public Transit Authority
The Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) provides public transportation, primarily buses, in the U.S. state of Rhode Island.  The main hub of the RIPTA system is Kennedy Plaza, a large bus terminal in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. Average daily ridership as of the second quarter of 2025 is 39,600. The agency operates 59 fixed-route bus routes and 7 demand-responsive routes, together serving 37 out of 39 Rhode Island municipalities.
Bibliography of English criminal law
This is a bibliography of English criminal law.  The main statements of current law are set out in:

Smith, Hogan and Ormerod's Criminal Law

Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice

Blackstone's Criminal Practice

Criminal Law Review

Criminal Appeal Reports

Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing)

Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice (usually called simply Archbold) is a leading practitioners' text book for the practice of criminal law in the Crown Court of England and Wales.  It is also referred to and used in several other common law jurisdictions around the world.

Archbold has been in publication since 1822, when it was first written by John Frederick Archbold. It is currently published by Sweet & Maxwell, a subsidiary of Thomson Reuters. Forty-three revisions were published prior to 1992 and since then it has been published annually. Its authority is such that it is often quoted in court.

The team of authors is made up of experienced solicitors, barristers, King's Counsel and judges.
First Epistle to Timothy
The First Epistle to Timothy is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus. The letter, traditionally attributed to the Apostle Paul, consists mainly of counsels to his younger colleague and delegate Timothy regarding his ministry in Ephesus (1:3). These counsels include instructions on the organization of the Church and the responsibilities resting on certain groups of leaders therein as well as exhortations to faithfulness in maintaining the truth amid surrounding errors.

Most modern scholars consider the pastoral epistles to have been written after Paul's death, although "a small and declining number of scholars still argue for Pauline authorship".

Pastoral epistles
The pastoral epistles are a group of three books of the canonical New Testament: the First Epistle to Timothy (1 Timothy), the Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy), and the Epistle to Titus. They are presented as letters from Paul the Apostle to Timothy and to Titus. However, many scholars believe they were written after Paul's death. They are generally discussed as a group and are given the title pastoral because they are addressed to individuals with pastoral oversight of churches and discuss issues of Christian living, doctrine and leadership. The term "pastorals" was popularized in 1703 by D. N. Berdot and in 1726 by Paul Anton. Alternate nomenclature for the cluster of three letters has been proposed: "Corpus Pastorale," meant to highlight the intentional forgery of the letters as a three-part corpus, and "Letters to Timothy and Titus," meant to emphasize the individuality of the letters.
Seth DuCharme
Seth D. DuCharme is an American attorney who served as the acting United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York. DuCharme appointed by Attorney General William Barr and sworn in on July 10, 2020, succeeding Richard Donoghue, who left to become the principal associate deputy attorney general to Jeffrey A. Rosen.

United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York
The United States attorney for the Eastern District of New York is the chief federal law enforcement officer in five New York counties: Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Richmond (Staten Island), Nassau and Suffolk. As of May 5, 2025, the U.S. attorney is Joseph Nocella Jr.

The United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York has jurisdiction over all cases prosecuted and defended by the U.S. attorney.
Windows Live Mesh
Windows Live Mesh (formerly known as Windows Live FolderShare, Live Mesh, and Windows Live Sync) is a discontinued free-to-use Internet-based file synchronization application by Microsoft designed to allow files and folders between two or more computers to be in sync with each other on Windows (Vista and later) and Mac OS X (v. 10.5 Leopard and later, Intel processors only) computers or the Web via SkyDrive. Windows Live Mesh also enabled remote desktop access via the Internet.

Windows Live Mesh was part of the Windows Live Essentials 2011 suite of software. However this application was replaced by SkyDrive for Windows application in Windows Essentials 2012 and later OneDrive in Windows 8/8.1/10. Microsoft announced on December 13, 2012, that Windows Live Mesh would be discontinued on February 13, 2013.

Windows Essentials
Windows Essentials (formerly Windows Live Essentials and Windows Live Installer) is a discontinued suite of Microsoft freeware applications that includes email, instant messaging, photo sharing, blogging, and parental control software. Essentials programs are designed to integrate well with each other, with Microsoft Windows, and other Microsoft web-based services such as OneDrive and Outlook.com.
Sodium permanganate
Sodium permanganate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaMnO4. It is closely related to the more commonly encountered potassium permanganate, but it is generally less desirable, because it is more expensive to produce.  It is mainly available as the monohydrate.  This salt absorbs water from the atmosphere and has a low melting point.  Being about 15 times more soluble than KMnO4, sodium permanganate finds some applications where very high concentrations of MnO4− are sought.

Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a purplish-black crystalline salt, which dissolves in water as K+ and MnO−4 ions to give an intensely pink to purple solution.

Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industry and laboratories as a strong oxidizing agent, and also traditionally as a medication for dermatitis, for cleaning wounds, and general disinfection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It has a great variety of niche uses such as biocide for water treatment purposes and for tanning and dyeing cloth. In 2000, worldwide production was estimated at 30,000 tons.

It is also referred to as chameleon mineral, Condy's crystals, permanganate of potash, hypermangan, purple potion powder, permanganic acid (potassium salt), and purple salt.
Krasnodar Krai Police
Main Directorate for Internal Affairs of Krasnodar Krai (ГУ МВД России по Краснодарскому краю) or the Police of Krasnodar Krai (Полиция Краснодарского края) is the main law enforcement agency in Government of Krasnodar Krai in Southern Russia.

The central headquarters is in Krasnodar City, which held his own police force.

Krasnodar City Police
The Krasnodar City Police (Краснодарская полиция; or officially Управление МВД России по городу Краснодару = The MVD's Directorate of Krasnodar City), established on May 6, 1801, is the main municipal police force in Krasnodar Krai with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in Krasnodar City. The police is one of the oldest police departments established in Russia.

The police has a broad array of specialized services including the Emergency Services Unit (along with a local branch of Emercom), air support, bomb disposal, anti-terrorism, criminal intelligence, anti-gang, narcotics (in cooperation with FSKN), public transportation, and public housing.

Main headquarters is located in Krasnaya 23 Street in Krasnodar.
American Brands
Fortune Brands was a holding company founded in 1969 as American Brands, renamed in 1997 and split apart in 2011. The corporate headquarters was in Deerfield, Illinois, in the United States. The company had diversified product lines. It announced on December 8, 2010, that it would focus on its liquor business, and spin off or sell other parts of the company including home furnishings, hardware and golf products. The company sold its Titleist and FootJoy product lines to the South Korean sportswear corporation, Fila. On October 3, 2011, it split the remainder of its business into two publicly traded companies: Fortune Brands Home & Security and Beam Inc. On January 13, 2014, Suntory (headquartered in Osaka, Japan) announced it would buy Beam Inc. for about $13.6 billion. The acquisition was completed on April 30, 2014, for about $16 billion and Beam became a subsidiary of Suntory named Beam Suntory, Suntory Global Spirits since 2024 .

Acushnet Company
The Acushnet Company is an American company focused on the golf market. The company operates a series of brands that manufacture golf equipment, clothing and accessories.

The principal brands operated by Acushnet are Titleist, best known for balls and clubs; FootJoy, an apparel brand with particular focus on shoes and gloves; Scotty Cameron, a leading putter brand; Vokey Design, a leading brand of wedge; Union Green, a golf ball and accessory brand marketed to casual players; and Pinnacle, a brand of distance ball.
M. L. Vasanthakumari
Madras Lalithangi Vasanthakumari (3 July 1928 – 31 October 1990), known as M. L. Vasanthakumari and commonly referred to as MLV, was an Indian Carnatic musician and a playback singer in films across several South Asian languages.

Vasanthakumari and her contemporaries, D. K. Pattammal and M. S. Subbulakshmi, are often referred to as the female trinity of Carnatic music. A disciple of G. N. Balasubramaniam, she was the youngest of the established musicians of that era and the youngest female to receive the Sangita Kalanidhi award. In 1967, the government of India honoured her with the Padma Bhushan, the country's third-highest civilian award.

Vasanthakumari's notable career as a playback singer for films popularized lesser-known ragas, and her Ragam Thanam Pallavis were regarded as cerebral. Additionally, she popularized the compositions of the Haridasas. Her disciples include her daughter Srividya, Sudha Raghunathan, Charumathi Ramachandran, and A. Kanyakumari.

A. Kanyakumari
Avasarala Kanyakumari is a violinist from South India who specializes in Carnatic music. She is the first woman violinist to receive the Sangita Kalanidhi award. Critics have noted aspects of her violin playing such as vocal-style phrasing and experimentation.
Penrose, Cornwall
Penrose (Cornish: Pennros) is a house (in private ownership) and National Trust estate amounting to 1536 acres, east of Porthleven and in the civil parish of Sithney, Cornwall, England. The estate includes Loe Pool and Loe Bar which was given into the ownership of the National Trust in 1974 by Lt. Cdr. J. P. Rogers, and stretches along the coast to Gunwalloe. The estate was owned by the Penrose family for several hundred years before 1771 when it was bought for £11,000 by the Rogers family, whose descendants still reside in Penrose House.

The Loe
The Loe (Cornish: An Logh), also known as Loe Pool, is the largest natural freshwater lake (50 hectares (120 acres)) in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The earliest recorded appearance of this simple name form was in 1337, when it was called "La Loo", but is mentioned as 'the lake' in 1302; Situated between Porthleven and Gunwalloe and downstream of Helston, it is separated from Mount's Bay by the shingle bank of Loe Bar. Both the Loe (including the southern arm known as Carminowe Creek) and Loe Bar are situated within the Penrose Estate, which is administered by the National Trust, and are designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest by Natural England. It is within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is considered a classic Geological Conservation Review Site. The South West Coast Path, which follows the coast of south-west England from Somerset to Dorset passes over Loe Bar.