hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grand duchy
A grand duchy or grand dukedom is a country or territory whose official head of state or ruler is a monarch bearing the title of grand duke or grand duchess.

Prior to the early 1800s, the only Grand duchy in Europe was located in what is now Italy: Tuscany (declared in 1569). During the 19th century there were as many as 14 grand duchies in Europe at once, some of which were revived after the Napoleonic Empire. Some of these were sovereign and nominally independent (Baden, Hesse and by Rhine, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Tuscany), some sovereign but held in personal union with larger realms by a monarch whose grand-dukedom was borne as a subsidiary title (Finland, Luxembourg, Transylvania), some of which were client states of a more powerful realm (Cleves and Berg), and some whose territorial boundaries were nominal and the position purely titular (Frankfurt).

In the 21st century, only Luxembourg remains a grand duchy.

Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Großherzogtum Oldenburg, also known as Holstein-Oldenburg) was a grand duchy within the German Confederation, North German Confederation and German Empire, that consisted of three widely separated territories: Oldenburg, Eutin and Birkenfeld. It ranked tenth among the German states,  had one vote in the Bundesrat, and three members in the Reichstag. Its ruling family, the House of Oldenburg, also came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Russia and United Kingdom.
Eseroline
Eseroline is a drug which acts as an opioid agonist. It is a metabolite of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine but unlike physostigmine, the acetylcholinesterase inhibition produced by eseroline is weak and easily reversible, and it produces fairly potent analgesic effects mediated through the μ-opioid receptor. This mixture of activities gives eseroline an unusual pharmacological profile, although its uses are limited by side effects such as respiratory depression and neurotoxicity.

Physostigmine
Physostigmine (also known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean) is a highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It occurs naturally in the Calabar bean and the fruit of the Manchineel tree.

The chemical was synthesized for the first time in 1935 by Percy Lavon Julian and Josef Pikl. It is available in the U.S. under the trade names Antilirium and Isopto Eserine, and as eserine salicylate and eserine sulfate. Today, physostigmine is most commonly used for its medicinal value. However, before its discovery by Sir Robert Christison in 1846, it was much more prevalent as an ordeal poison. The positive medical applications of the drug were first suggested in the gold medal-winning final thesis of Thomas Richard Fraser at the University of Edinburgh in 1862.
Mick O'Loughlin (Gaelic footballer)
Mick O'Loughlin (born 1945 in Kanturk, County Cork) is an Irish former sportsperson. He played Gaelic football with his local club Kanturk and later Bishopstown GAA and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1960 until 1969.

Kanturk GAA
Founded in 1882 Kanturk GAA is a dual Senior Gaelic Athletic Association club with Gaelic football and hurling teams, based in the town of Kanturk, County Cork, Ireland which forms part of the parish of Kanturk and Lismire.  It is affiliated with Cork GAA and plays in Duhallow division competitions.

The club's hurling team currently competes in the Cork Premier Senior Hurling Championship having won the Cork Senior A Hurling Championship in 2021.  In 2017, the club won the Cork Intermediate Championship, the Munster Intermediate Hurling Championship and the All Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship. Kanturk hurlers also compete in Division 1 of the Cork Club Hurling League.

The club's Gaelic football team competes in the Cork Senior A Football Championship having won the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship in 2022.
M/D/1 queue
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/D/1 queue represents the queue length in a system having a single server, where arrivals are determined by a Poisson process and job service times are fixed (deterministic). The model name is written in Kendall's notation. Agner Krarup Erlang first published on this model in 1909, starting the subject of queueing theory. An extension of this model with more than one server is the M/D/c queue.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
San Benito County, California
San Benito County (/ˌsæn bəˈniːtoʊ/ ⓘ; San Benito, Spanish for "St. Benedict"), officially the County of San Benito, is a county located in the Central Coast region of California. Situated in the California Coast Ranges, the county had a population of 64,209, as of the 2020 United States census. The county seat is the city of Hollister.

San Benito County is included in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. El Camino Real passes through the county and includes one mission in San Juan Bautista.

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
Motion graphic design
Motion graphic design, also known as motion design, is a subset of graphic design which combines design with motion graphics and video production. Examples include kinetic typography and graphics used in film and television opening sequences, and station identification logos of some television channels.

Both design principles and animation principles are important for good motion design.

Some motion designers start out as traditional graphic designers and later incorporate motion into their skillsets, while others have come from filmmaking, editing, or animation backgrounds, as these fields share a number of overlapping skills.

Motion graphics
Motion graphics (sometimes mograph) are pieces of animation or digital footage that create the illusion of motion or rotation, and are usually combined with audio for use in multimedia projects. Motion graphics are usually displayed via electronic media technology, but may also be displayed via manual powered technology (e.g. thaumatrope, phenakistoscope, stroboscope, zoetrope, praxinoscope, flip book). The term distinguishes static graphics from those with a transforming appearance over time, without over-specifying the form. While any form of experimental or abstract animation can be called motion graphics, the term typically more explicitly refers to the commercial application of animation and effects to video, film, TV, and interactive applications.
1991 Belmont Stakes
The 1991 Belmont Stakes was the 123rd running of the Belmont Stakes at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York held on June 8, 1991. With a field of eleven horses, Hansel won by a head over 1991 Kentucky Derby winner Strike the Gold in front of a crowd of over 51,000 spectators. While the Triple Crown was not up for grabs due to  Strike the Gold's loss at the 1991 Preakness Stakes, four horses were eligible for the $1,000,000 Triple Crown Challenge

Strike the Gold
Strike the Gold (March 21, 1988 – December 13, 2011) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 1991 Kentucky Derby.  Upon the death of 1987 Derby winner Alysheba in March 2009, Strike the Gold became the oldest living Kentucky Derby winner, until his own death in 2011.
Stade Marcel-Deflandre
Stade Marcel-Deflandre is a sports stadium in La Rochelle, France. It was built by Emile Sourice. It is the home ground of rugby union team Stade Rochelais of the Top 14 who have played there since it was opened in 1926. It has undergone significant redevelopment since 1995 and the present capacity is 16,700 (2,500 added during summer 2014). The stadium is named after Marcel Deflandre, a president of the club who was executed in 1944 during the Second World War.

The capacity was expanded to 18,000 in 2025, a phased increase from 16,000 in 2016.

As of their match on 4 January 2026, Stade Rochelais have sold out 112 consecutive Top 14 league games.

Stade Rochelais
Stade Rochelais (French pronunciation: [stad ʁɔʃlɛ]), commonly called La Rochelle, is a French professional rugby union club based in La Rochelle, France that competes in the Top 14. Founded in 1898 and wearing yellow and black, the club's first-team plays its home matches at Stade Marcel-Deflandre.

Alongside other French club Brive, La Rochelle is one of only two clubs that won the European Rugby Champions Cup (twice in its case; beating Leinster in both 2022 and 2023 finals) without succeeding in winning its domestic championship losing on both occasions against Toulouse in the final: the first time in 2021 and the second in 2023. Owned by several shareholders, including club president and coffee magnate Vincent Merling, the club is renowned for the fervour of its supporters and its continual sold-out home matches.
Wayne Moore (American football)
Solomon Wayne Moore (August 17, 1945 – August 19, 1989) was an American professional football player who was an offensive tackle for nine seasons with the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played both college football and basketball for the Lamar Cardinals. He was a member of the Dolphins' undefeated team in 1972.

Lamar Cardinals and Lady Cardinals
The Lamar Cardinals and Lady Cardinals (variously Cardinals or Cards) refers to the college athletics teams of Lamar University, in Beaumont, Texas. The Cardinals and Lady Cardinals teams compete in seventeen NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Southland Conference. The Cardinals rejoined the Southland after spending the 2021–22 athletic year in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).
K-103 (Kansas highway)
K-103 is a 6.980-mile-long (11.233 km) east–west state highway located entirely in Cherokee County in the U.S. state of Kansas. K-103's western terminus is at K-7 south of the City of Cherokee and the eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 69 (US-69), US-160 and US-400 south of the City of Pittsburg. Along the way the route passes through the City of Weir.

K-103 was designated as a state highway by 1936, and extended from US-160 east to US-69. Then in 1958, US-160 was realigned east along K-103 from K-103's original western terminus to K-7 then continued east along K-104 to US-69, and at that time K-103 was truncated to its current western terminus.

K-104 (Kansas highway)
K-104 is a 2.275-mile-long (3.661 km) state highway in Saline County in the U.S. State of Kansas. It is signed east–west even though the majority of the route runs north–south. The route begins at a junction with Interstate 135 (I-135) and U.S. Route 81 (US-81), at I-135 exit 86, to a junction with K-4. It has an annual average daily traffic of between 1000 and 1300 and is paved with composite pavement. The highway is not a part of the National Highway System. The route was established around 1967, and has not been changed since.
Capitolium
A Capitolium (Latin) was an ancient Roman temple dedicated to the Capitoline Triad of gods Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. A capitolium was built on a prominent area in many cities in Italy and the Roman provinces, particularly during the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods. Most had a triple cella, one for each god.

The first capitolium was on the Capitoline Hill in Rome and was considered the centre of the city, where it meant the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and afterwards the Latin word was used for the whole hill.

The earliest known example outside of Italy was at Emporion (now Empúries, Spain).

Examples of capitolia are:

Capitolium Vetus (Rome)

Temple of Jupiter (Pompeii)

Capitolium of Minturnae

Capitolium of Ostia Antica

Capitolium of Brixia (Brescia)

Capitolium of Constantinople

Capitoline Temple at Volubilis

Capitolium of Cosa

Capitoline Triad
The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in ancient Roman religion in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill (Latin Capitolium). It comprised Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. The triad held a central place in the public religion of Rome.
Paul Lawrie
Paul Stewart Lawrie OBE (born 1 January 1969) is a Scottish professional golfer. He is best known for winning The Open Championship in 1999. He was a vice-captain for the European Ryder Cup team in 2016.

1999 Open Championship
The 1999 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 128th Open Championship, held from 15 to 18 July at the Carnoustie Golf Links in Angus, Scotland.

Paul Lawrie won his only major championship in a playoff over Jean van de Velde and Justin Leonard. Lawrie, down by ten strokes at the start of the fourth round, completed the biggest final round comeback in major championship history, headlined by van de Velde's triple-bogey at the last hole.
Prudencio Alfaro
Prudencio Alfaro Menéndez (1861 – 23 December 1915) was a Salvadoran politician who served as Vice President of El Salvador from 1895 until 1898. He later led a joint Honduran-Nicaraguan invasion of El Salvador in 1907.

War of 1907
The War of 1907 (Spanish: Guerra de 1907) was a conflict fought between El Salvador and an alliance between Honduras, Nicaragua, Salvadoran exiles, and American filibusters. The invasion of El Salvador on 11 June 1907 resulted in a quick military victory for El Salvador as invading forces withdrew by the end of the day. The war officially ended with the signing of a peace treaty on 20 December 1907 which established the Central American Court of Justice.
Nathalie Simard
Nathalie Simard (born 7 July 1969) is a pop singer from Quebec, Canada, and the younger sister of performer René Simard.

Simard was born in Île d'Orléans, near Quebec City, and was discovered by producer Guy Cloutier. Her first role was in a Laura Secord pudding commercial at age 2. She also appeared on some television shows, the first being Le Village de Nathalie, a children's TV show where she wore a princess dress. She also hosted Les Mini-Stars de Nathalie.

Guy Cloutier
Guy Cloutier (born 11 February 1940 in Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian music producer and talent manager.

Cloutier adapted reality TV to the Quebec market. Entertainers Stéphanie Cloutier and Véronique Cloutier are his daughters. His daughter, Stephanie, is married to former NHL goalie Jose Theodore.

On 20 December 2004, he was sentenced to 3+1⁄2 years (42 months) in prison for sexually abusing singer Nathalie Simard.
Nathan Quao
Nathan Anang Quao, MV, OSG (21 November 1915 – 15 February 2005) was a Ghanaian statesman and educationist who served as Secretary (Minister) at the PNDC Secretariat from 1984 to 1993 and Special Assistant to President Jerry Rawlings from 1993 to 2001. A career diplomat and civil servant, he retired as Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service in 1973. Quao was the founding headmaster of Keta Secondary School in 1953 and was appointed the first chairman of the Ghana Education Service Council in 1974.

Keta Senior High Technical School
Keta Senior High Technical School (Ketasco) formerly Keta Secondary School, is a mixed Public Senior High School located at Dzelukope, a town in the Keta Municipal District of the Volta Region, Ghana.  The school has a student population of about 3,515 and a teaching staff strength of 150 as at 2020. Ketasco is the biggest school in Volta Region and one of the biggest in Ghana. The motto of the school is DZO LALI with the slogan "Now or Never". The Eagle at the main gate is to remind students to always be like the Eagle.
The Medicine Man (Dallin)
The Medicine Man is an 1899 bronze equestrian statue by Cyrus Edwin Dallin located on Dauphin Street, west of 33rd Street, in Fairmount Park in Philadelphia. The statue portrays an indigenous American medicine man.

The Medicine Man is the second of four prominent sculptures of indigenous people on horseback known as The Epic of the Indian, which also includes A Signal of Peace (1890), Protest of the Sioux (1904), and Appeal to the Great Spirit (1908).

Appeal to the Great Spirit
Appeal to the Great Spirit is a 1908 equestrian statue by Cyrus Dallin, located in front of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. It portrays a Native American on horseback facing skyward, his arms spread wide in a spiritual request to the Great Spirit. It was the last of Dallin's four prominent sculptures of Indigenous people known as The Epic of the Indian, which also include A Signal of Peace (1890), The Medicine Man (1899), and Protest of the Sioux (1904).

A statuette of Appeal to the Great Spirit is in the permanent collection of the White House and was exhibited in President Bill Clinton's Oval Office. British Prime Minister Rt. Hon. David Lloyd George also had a statuette, which he received in association with a meeting with Sioux Chief Two Eagle during an October 1923 tour of the US and Canada
German Maritime Museum
The German Maritime Museum (German: Deutsches Schifffahrtsmuseum (DSM)) is a museum in Bremerhaven, Germany. It is part of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community since 1980. The main museum building was opened on 5 September 1975 by then-president of Germany Walter Scheel, though scientific work had already started in 1971.

The museum consists of the building planned by Hans Scharoun as well as several museum ships in the Old Harbour of Bremerhaven, including the Seute Deern windjammer. The building and the 8 ships of the museum fleet, located between the Old Harbor and the Weser dike, as an ensemble, were placed under Bremen Cultural heritage management in 2005.

In 2000, at the 25th anniversary of the museum, the Hansekogge, a ship constructed around 1380 that was found in the Weser river in 1962, was presented to the public after having undergone a lengthy process of conservation in a large preservative-filled basin.

Bremen cog
The Bremen cog is a well-preserved wreck of a cog dated to 1380, found in 1962 in Bremen. Today, it is displayed at the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven as one of the main features. Three nearly identical replicas of this cog have been built: Ubena von Bremen, Hansekogge, and Roland von Bremen.
Franklin-Simpson Stakes
The Franklin-Simpson Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three years olds, over a distance of 6+1⁄2 furlongs on the turf held annually in September at Kentucky Downs racetrack in Franklin, Kentucky during their short turf meeting. The event currently carries a purse of $2,000,000 which includes $1,000,000 from the Kentucky Thoroughbred Development Fund.

Kentucky Downs
Kentucky Downs is a Thoroughbred horse racing track located on the border between Kentucky and Tennessee, in the city of Franklin, Kentucky,  just off Interstate 65. It is unique among American tracks in that it is a European-style course—its surface is all turf (grass) instead of dirt, and it is not oval in shape.

In 2009, the Horseplayers Association of North America (HANA) introduced a rating system for 65 Thoroughbred racetracks in North America.  In HANA's most recent ranking in 2017, Kentucky Downs was ranked #1.
Scott Sifton
Richard Prescott Sifton Jr. (born May 7, 1974) is an American politician and lawyer who was a member of the Missouri Senate for the 1st district from 2013 to 2021. Sifton took office in 2013 after defeating incumbent Republican Senator Jim Lembke in a close election. Sifton was a candidate in the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Missouri but later withdrew.

Jim Lembke
James W. Lembke (born July 24, 1961) is an American Republican politician from Missouri. He served as a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 2003 through 2009, representing the 85th district, and as a member of the Missouri Senate from 2009 to 2013, representing the 1st district.

In 2011, Lembke led a filibuster over the state accepting extended unemployment benefits from the federal government, effectively cutting off those benefits until an agreement cut state benefits to 20 weeks from 26 weeks. The move was criticized by both Democrats and Republicans, as the state was not required to pay anything for the extended benefits.

He was the only Republican representing a significant portion of St. Louis City in the state legislature. He was defeated by Democrat Scott Sifton in 2012.
Leiognathus
Leiognathus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, ponyfishes from the family Leiognathidae. They are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. They are sometimes known as silverbellies.

Leiognathidae
Leiognathidae, the ponyfishes, slipmouths or slimys / slimies, are a small family of fishes in the order Acanthuriformes. They inhabit marine and brackish waters in the Indo-Pacific. They can be used in the preparation of bagoong.
David Keirsey
David West Keirsey (/ˈkɜːrziː/; August 31, 1921 – July 30, 2013) was an American psychologist, a professor emeritus at California State University, Fullerton, and the author of several books. In his most popular publications, Please Understand Me (1978, co-authored by Marilyn Bates) and the revised and expanded second volume Please Understand Me II (1998), he laid out a self-assessed personality questionnaire, known as the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, which links human behavioral patterns to four temperaments and sixteen character types. Both volumes of Please Understand Me contain the questionnaire for type evaluation with detailed portraits and a systematic treatment of descriptions of temperament traits and personality characteristics. With a focus on conflict management and cooperation, Keirsey specialized in family and partnership counseling and the coaching of children and adults.

Keirsey Temperament Sorter
The Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS) is a self-assessed personality questionnaire. It was first introduced in the book Please Understand Me. The KTS is closely associated with the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); however, there are significant practical and theoretical differences between the two personality questionnaires and their associated different descriptions.
Habeas Corpus (album)
Habeas Corpus is the third album from American rock band Living Things. The album was recorded over a period of nine months in Hansa Tonstudio in Berlin. Michael Ilbert produced Habeas Corpus, unlike the previous record, Ahead of the Lions, which was produced by Steve Albini.

Living Things (band)
Living Things is an American punk rock band from St. Louis, Missouri. The band consists of the brothers Lillian Berlin (vocals/guitar), Eve Berlin (bass), and Bosh Berlin (drums), and Cory Becker (guitar).