hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Intellifont
Intellifont is a scalable font technology developed by Tom Hawkins at Compugraphic in Wilmington, Massachusetts during the late 1980s, the patent for which was granted to Hawkins in 1987. Intellifont fonts were hinted on a Digital Equipment Corporation VAX mainframe computer using Ikarus software. In 1990, printer and computing system manufacturer Hewlett-Packard adopted Intellifont scaling as part of its PCL 5 printer control protocol, and Intellifont technology was shipped with HP LaserJet III and 4 printers. In 1991, Commodore released AmigaOS 2.04, which included a version of diskfont.library that contained the Bullet font scaling engine (which in Workbench 2.1 became a separate library called bullet.library), with native support for the format. Intellifont technology became part of Agfa-Gevaert's Universal Font Scaling Technology (UFST), which allows OEMs to produce printers capable of printing on either the Adobe systems PostScript or HP PCL language.

Printer Command Language
Printer Command Language, more commonly referred to as PCL, is a page description language (PDL) developed by Hewlett-Packard as a printer protocol and has become a de facto industry standard. Originally developed for early inkjet printers in 1984, PCL has been released in varying levels for thermal, matrix, and page printers. HP-GL/2 and PJL are supported by later versions of PCL.

PCL is occasionally and incorrectly said to be an abbreviation for Printer Control Language which actually is another term for page description language.
Mark Spencer (computer engineer)
Mark Spencer (born April 8, 1977) is an American computer engineer and is the original author of the GTK+-based instant messaging client Gaim (which has since been renamed to Pidgin), the L2TP daemon l2tpd and the Cheops Network User Interface.

Mark Spencer is also the creator of Asterisk, a Linux-based open-sourced PBX. He is the founder, chairman and CTO of Digium, an open-source telecommunications supplier most notable for its development and sponsorship of Asterisk. Spencer shifted from CEO to chairman and CTO in early 2007.

Digium
Digium, Inc. is a communications technology company based in Huntsville, Alabama, and since 2018, a subsidiary of Sangoma Technologies Corporation. The company makes VoIP business phone systems, IP phones, and hardware products. It was founded in 1999 by Mark Spencer.

Digium offers both business-to-consumer and business-to-business communications products.
Hawas (1974 film)
Hawas (English: Lust) is a 1974 Indian Hindi-language film produced, directed, and written by Sawan Kumar. The film stars Anil Dhawan, Neetu Singh, Bindu, Vinod Mehra with a special appearance by Rekha during the song "Aao Yaro Gao". The film's score was made by Usha Khanna. According to film and music expert Rajesh Subramanian lyricist Majrooh Sultanpuri refused to reduce his price for the film and a humiliated Sawan Kumar Tak while leaving the writers residence instantly penned the lines Teri galiyon mein na rakhenge Kadam aaj ke baad. The song turned out to be an alltime classic.

Saawan Kumar Tak
Saawan Kumar Tak (9 August 1936 – 25 August 2022) was an Indian film director, producer, and lyricist. He directed many Hindi films, including successful films like Saajan Bina Suhagan, Souten, Souten Ki Beti, Sanam Bewafa, Bewaffa Se Waffa. He is credited with giving break to actors such as Sanjeev Kumar and Mehmood Junior. His most famous directorial venture was Rajesh Khanna starrer Souten, which was the first Indian film to be shot in Mauritius and was a platinum jubilee hit.
Trish Adora
Patrice Adora McNair (born March 13, 1989), known under the ring name Trish Adora, is an American professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer, predominantly for All Elite Wrestling and Ring of Honor (ROH), where she is a member of Shane Taylor Promotions and its sub-group The Infantry. She is the inaugural Pan-Afrikan World Diaspora Wrestling World Champion. She has also wrestled in numerous promotions such as Game Changer Wrestling, Progress Wrestling, and New Japan Pro-Wrestling.

Shane Taylor (wrestler)
Mark Shepherd (born December 31, 1985), better known by the ring name Shane Taylor, is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is the leader of the Shane Taylor Promotions stable. He also performs in AEW's sister company, Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is a one-third of the reigning ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champions. He is also a former ROH World Television Champion.
The Forgiveness of Blood
The Forgiveness of Blood (Albanian: Falja e Gjakut) is a 2011 drama film co-written and directed by Joshua Marston. The film premiered in competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival and competed for the Golden Bear. Marston and co-writer Andamion Murataj won the Silver Bear for Best Script.

The film was originally submitted as the Albanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film, but it was rejected when Bujar Alimani, director of Amnesty, protested that The Forgiveness of Blood ought not to be eligible due to American input on the project. The AMPAS disqualified it and Albania submitted Alimani's film instead.

The film deals with the consequences of a blood feud on a family in a remote area of modern-day Albania.

61st Berlin International Film Festival
The 61st annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 10 to 20 February 2011, with actress Isabella Rossellini as the president of the jury. The Coen Brothers film True Grit opened the festival. 300,000 tickets were sold in total during the event, to 20,000 attendees from 116 countries, including 3900 members of the press.

The Golden Bear was awarded to the Iranian film A Separation, directed by Asghar Farhadi, which also served as the closing film at the festival. German actor Armin Mueller-Stahl received the Honorary Golden Bear for lifetime achievement.
Rotogravure
Rotogravure (or gravure for short) is a type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press.

Once a staple of newspaper photo features, the rotogravure process is still used for commercial printing of magazines, postcards, and  corrugated (cardboard) and other product packaging.

Rotary printing press
A rotary printing press is a printing press in which the images to be printed are curved around a cylinder. Printing can be done on various substrates, including paper, cardboard, and plastic. Substrates can be sheet feed or unwound on a continuous roll through the press to be printed and further modified if required (e.g. die cut, overprint varnished, embossed). Printing presses that use continuous rolls are sometimes referred to as "web presses".
Bobby Finke
Robert Christian Finke (/ˈfɪŋk/ FINK; born November 6, 1999), better known as Bobby Finke, is an American competitive swimmer. He won two gold medals for the United States in the 2020 Summer Olympics: the men's 800-meter and 1500-meter freestyle swims. Finke successfully defended his title in 1500 m freestyle at the 2024 Summer Olympics, setting the world record and added a silver medal in the 800 m freestyle. He swam for the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida from 2018 to 2022 under Coach Anthony Nesty. He currently swims as part of the pro group at UF. Before swimming in college, Bobby swam for Coach Fred Lewis on the Saint Petersburg Aquatics club team (also known as SPA), located in Saint Petersburg, Florida.

Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500-metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 3 to 4 August 2024 at Paris La Défense Arena, which was converted to a swimming pool for the swimming events.

The US' Bobby Finke was considered the most likely to win the event, with other medal contenders including Ireland's Daniel Wiffen, Italy's Gregorio Paltrinieri, Australia's Samuel Short, Ukraine's Mykhailo Romanchuk and Germany's Florian Wellbrock. Romanchuk withdrew from the event due to illness.

In the final, Finke led from beginning to end to win with a new world record of 14:30.67. Paltrinieri swam a time of 14:34.55 for silver, and Wiffen won bronze with a time of 14:39.63. Also in the final, Dávid Betlehem lowered Hungary's national record from the 14:45.59 he achieved in the heats to 14:40.91, Turkey's Kuzey Tunçelli swam 14:41.22 to break the world junior record and his country's national record, and David Aubry lowered France's national record to 14:44.66.
The Hot Lies
The Hot Lies were an alternative rock band based in Australia. The band formed in Adelaide, in early 2004. Their line-up consisted of lead vocalist Pete Wood, rhythm guitarist Benjamin Pix, drummer Jared Brown, lead guitarist Luke Szabo (from Brock Downey) and former I Killed the Prom Queen bassist Leaton Rose. The Hot Lies released two EPs and a full-length album, Ringing in the Sane (September 2007), which reached the top 40 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

I Killed the Prom Queen
I Killed the Prom Queen were an Australian metalcore band from Adelaide, formed in 2001. They were prominent in the Australian live music scene and toured the US, Japan and Europe several times. They issued three studio albums: When Goodbye Means Forever... (2003), Music for the Recently Deceased (2006) and Beloved (2014). The latter two albums peaked at #27 and #6 on the ARIA Albums Chart respectively.

The band initially split up in April 2007 due to the inability to find a permanent vocalist. They reformed with vocalist Michael Crafter to play a farewell tour in mid-2008 and released a live album and DVD, Sleepless Nights and City Lights, which peaked at #48 in Australia. In May 2011 the band reformed with new vocalist Jamie Hope and performed on the Destroy Music Tour. They subsequently released their third studio album Beloved in February 2014.
A Message to Garcia (film)
A Message to Garcia is a 1936 American adventure spy film directed by George Marshall and starring Wallace Beery, Barbara Stanwyck and John Boles. The film is inspired by the 1899 essay "A Message to Garcia" by Elbert Hubbard, loosely based on an incident during the ramp up to the Spanish–American War. The essay had previously been made into a 1916 silent film of the same name. In the story, U.S. Army Lieutenant Rowan, under cover, carries a secret message from President McKinley to General García, the leader of a rebellion against Spanish rule on the island of Cuba.

Calixto García
Calixto García y Íñiguez (August 4, 1839 – December 11, 1898) was a Cuban general in three Cuban uprisings, part of the Cuban War for Independence: the Ten Years' War, the Little War, and the War of 1895, itself sometimes called the Cuban War for Independence, which initiated the Spanish–American War, ultimately resulting in national independence for Cuba.
Pseudopeltula
Pseudopeltula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. Established in 1995 by the lichenologist Aino Henssen, the genus currently includes four recognised species. These small cyanolichens are characterised by their squamulose (scaly) to peltate (shield-shaped) thalli, which lack a lower cortex and are attached to the substrate by rhizines. A key feature of Pseudopeltula is its complex apothecia (fruiting bodies), which have hymenia that often become divided by sterile tissue as they mature. The genus is primarily found in arid and semi-arid regions of North America, Mexico, and the Caribbean, where species typically grow on soil, rock, or thin soil over rock, often forming part of biological soil crusts in desert environments.

Lichinaceae
The Lichinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Lichinales. Most species are lichenized with cyanobacteria, and have a distribution largely in temperate regions. In a 2024 molecular phylogenetics-informed revision, the circumscription of Lichinaceae was narrowed and the class Lichinomycetes was re‑structured into four families (three emended and one new), with many genera moved to Porocyphaceae, Phylliscaceae, or the newly erected Lichinellaceae. The family contain about 125 species in roughly 25 genera.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced by an electrophile. Some of the most important electrophilic aromatic substitutions are aromatic nitration, aromatic halogenation, aromatic sulfonation, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation.

Electrophilic halogenation
In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system.

Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base.

A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst. Typical Lewis acid catalysts include AlCl3, FeCl3, FeBr3 and ZnCl2. These work by forming a highly electrophilic complex which is attacked by the benzene ring.
Tony Gonzales
Ernest Anthony Gonzales II (born October 10, 1980) is an American politician and United States Navy veteran who has served since 2021 as the U.S. representative for Texas's 23rd congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party.

In 2023, Gonzales was censured by the Texas Republican Party for voting in favor of the Respect for Marriage Act and the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act. He is also one of 18 Republicans who voted against Jim Jordan's nomination for Speaker of the House all three times, and the only Republican to have voted against the House rules package afterwards.

Gonzales's votes prompted several conservative primary challengers in 2024, most notably YouTuber Brandon Herrera, who forced a runoff after Gonzales received less than 50% of the vote. He won the runoff election with 50.7% of the vote.

2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the thirty-eight U.S. representatives from the State of Texas, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on March 5, 2024.
Winnemucca, Nevada
Winnemucca (/ˌwɪnəˈmʌkə/ ⓘ) is the only incorporated city in Humboldt County, Nevada, United States, of which it is also the county seat, encompassing approximately half of the total population of the county. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 8,431, up 14% from the 2010 census figure of 7,396. Interstate 80 passes through the city, where it meets U.S. Route 95.

U.S. Route 95 in Nevada
U.S. Route 95 (US 95) is a major U.S. highway traversing the U.S. state of Nevada from north to south directly through Las Vegas and providing connections to both Carson City (via US 50 in Silver Springs, Nevada area only) and Reno (via Interstate 80 in Fernley, Nevada only or U.S. 95A north to U.S. 50 west to I-580/U.S. 395 north in Carson City, Nevada area only). US 95 is cosigned with Interstate 80 for 95 miles (153 km) between Winnemucca and a junction 32 miles north of Fallon before heading north into Oregon at McDermitt. At 646.71 miles (1,040.78 km), it is the longest highway in Nevada.

Along much of its course through Nevada, US 95 has signs designating it as the Veterans Memorial Highway. A portion of the route in Las Vegas northwest of downtown is also called the Oran K. Gragson Freeway, named for Las Vegas mayor Oran K. Gragson who advocated for construction of that portion of freeway in the 1960s.
Batiscan River Park
The Parc de la Rivière Batiscan (Batiscan River Park) is a quasi provincial park in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Located in the municipalities of Saint-Narcisse of Saint-Stanislas and Sainte-Geneviève-de-Batiscan. It is maintained by a local council representing the three surrounding local towns. Established in 1992, recreational and tourist park covers 362 acres extending on both sides of the Batiscan River.

Saint-Narcisse
Saint-Narcisse (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ naʁsis]) is a parish municipality located in the regional county municipality (MRC) Chenaux, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Located on the North Shore of the Saint Lawrence River, about 30 km (19 mi) from downtown Trois-Rivières, the parish of Saint-Narcisse is the heart of the Mauricie region.

The town was named in honour of Saint Narcissus. A statue of Saint-Narcisse sits atop the main altar of the church of Saint-Narcisse. Narcisse was born in Palestine in the late first century of the Christian era. Third Bishop of Jerusalem, he was appointed bishop at the age of 80 years. With Theophilus of Caesarea, he presided in the year 195 a council under the auspices of Pope Victor.
Loucetios
In Gallo-Roman religion, Loucetios (Latinized as Leucetius) was a Gallic god known from the Rhine-Moselle region, where he was identified with the Roman Mars. Scholars have interpreted his name to mean ‘lightning’. Mars Loucetius was worshipped alongside the goddess Nemetona.

Nemetona
Nemetona, or 'she of the sacred grove', is a Celtic goddess with roots in northeastern Gaul. She is thought to have been the eponymous deity of the Germano-Celtic people known as the Nemetes; evidence of her veneration is found in their former territory along the Middle Rhine as well in the Altbachtal sanctuary in present-day Trier, Germany. She is also attested in Bath, England, where an altar to her was dedicated by a man of the Gallic Treveri people.
Petar Tudzharov
Petar Tudzharov also known as "Dzharo" is a fictional character and one of the main antagonists in the BNT crime series Pod Prikritie. He is portrayed by Mihail Bilalov.  He was a ruthless Bulgarian gangster who initially served as the loyal member of Bulgarian MDFOC, ex-inspector and wealthy businessman.

Undercover (Bulgarian TV series)
Undercover (Bulgarian: Под Прикритие, romanized: Pod Prikritie, pronounced [ˈpɔt priˈkritiɛ]) is a Bulgarian crime drama television series produced by Bulgarian National Television that premiered on BNT 1 on 17 April 2011. On 20 March 2016, the fifth season premiered on BNT 1. It was announced that it was the final season of the series.

In February 2024 BNT 1 announced that they will start filming a new sixth season of the series. It is expected to broadcast in 2025.

The series tells the story of the undercover police officer Martin Hristov (Ivaylo Zahariev), who infiltrates the gang of Bulgarian mafia boss Petar 'Dzaro' Tudzharov (Mihail Bilalov).
Cotterell baronets
The Cotterell baronetcy, of Garnons in the County of Hereford, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 2 November 1805 for John Cotterell, Member of Parliament for Herefordshire for many years. The third Baronet also represented this constituency in the House of Commons. The fourth Baronet was Lord-Lieutenant of Herefordshire.

Sir John Cotterell, 1st Baronet
Sir John Geers Cotterell, 1st Baronet (21 September 1757 – 26 January 1845) was a British politician. He served as the Conservative Member of Parliament for Herefordshire from 1802 to 1803, and from 1806 to 1831.
Dizzy DROS
Omar Souhaili (Arabic: عمر سهيلي; born July 19, 1989), better known by his stage name Dizzy DROS, or just Dros, is a Moroccan rapper, songwriter and record producer. Souhaili first gained recognition with the release of his debut music video, "Casafonia" in 2011. The track received significant airplay on major Moroccan radio stations, including Hit Radio, Radio Mars, and Cap Radio, quickly establishing him as a rising star in the Moroccan rap scene and earning him a fanbase.

Souhaili further established a name for himself in Moroccan hip-hop with the release of his debut album, 3azzy 3ando Stylo in 2013, widely regarded as one of the best and most influential albums in the country.

His 2019 track "Moutanabbi" (Al-Mutanabbi), a diss aimed at Don Bigg's diss track "170KG" achieved viral success, surpassing one million views on YouTube in less than 24 hours, and over 24 million views as of February, 2026.

Don Bigg
Taoufiq Hazeb (born 8 October 1983) better known by his stage name Don Bigg, Bigg da Don or simply Bigg, is a Moroccan rapper and producer from Casablanca.

Bigg is widely regarded as one of Morocco’s most influential rappers, renowned for his sharp lyricism, impeccable flow, and socially conscious themes. His music resonates deeply with urban Moroccan youth, addressing pressing issues such as corruption,  social inequality, and everyday struggles with unflinching honesty. Combining technical mastery with a direct, confrontational style, Bigg has cemented his reputation as both a rap pioneer and a voice for his generation.
Jean Newman
Jean Dorothy Newman (1905 in Née Reading – October 4, 1971) was a municipal politician in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She was the vice-chairman of the Toronto Board of Control and president of the Toronto City Council. She was the first woman elected to Toronto’s Board of Control and the first woman to run for Mayor of Toronto.

Toronto Board of Control
The Board of Control of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was a part of its municipal government until it was abolished in 1969. It served as the executive committee of the Toronto City Council. When it was initially created in 1896 by mandate of the provincial government, it consisted of three Controllers appointed from and by the aldermen, and presided over by the Mayor of Toronto. Beginning in 1904, the Board of Control was directly elected by the city's electorate and consisted of four Controllers, presided over by the Mayor. Each voter could vote for up to four candidates, and the four with the most votes were elected. By tradition the controller who received the most votes was given the powerful budget chief position.
The Making of Modern Turkey
The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950 is a book by Uğur Ümit Üngör, published by Oxford University Press in 2011. The book focuses on population politics in the transition between the late Ottoman Empire and the formation of the Republic of Turkey, especially in the Diyarbekir region.

Uğur Ümit Üngör
Uğur Ümit Üngör (born in Erzincan, 1980) is a Dutch–Turkish academic, historian, sociologist, and professor of genocide studies, specializing as a scholar and researcher of Holocaust studies and studies on mass violence. He served as Professor of History at the Utrecht University and Professor of Sociology at the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
The Rhetoric of Reaction
The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy is a book by theorist Albert O. Hirschman which analyzes the rhetoric of conservatism that has been used to oppose social change. In his historical survey, he finds three reactionary theses have been deployed frequently: perversity, futility, and jeopardy. He says the theses and their corresponding narratives are simplistic, flawed, and cut off debate. He then discusses three progressive theses, also flawed, and proposes a new framework.

Albert O. Hirschman
Albert Otto Hirschman (born Otto Albert Hirschmann; April 7, 1915 – December 10, 2012) was an American economist. He was the author of several influential books on development economics, political economy, and political ideology including The Strategy of Economic Development (1958), Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970), The Passions and the Interests (1977), and The Rhetoric of Reaction (1991). He was a founding figure in the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study and an influential economic advisor to Latin American leaders. In World War II, he played a key role in rescuing refugees from occupied France with the Emergency Rescue Committee.