hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oppositional defiant disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 under Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and defined as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness." This behavior is usually targeted toward peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures, including law enforcement officials. Unlike conduct disorder (CD), those with ODD do not generally show patterns of aggression towards random people, violence against animals, destruction of property, theft, or deceit. One-half of children with ODD also fulfill the diagnostic criteria for ADHD.

Conduct disorder
Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that includes theft, lies, physical violence that may lead to destruction, and reckless breaking of rules, in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. These behaviors are often referred to as "antisocial behaviors", and is often seen as the precursor to antisocial personality disorder; however, the latter, by definition, cannot be diagnosed until the individual is 18 years old.  Conduct disorder may result from parental rejection and neglect and in such cases can be treated with family therapy, as well as behavioral modifications and pharmacotherapy. It may also be caused by environmental lead exposure. Conduct disorder is estimated to affect 51.1 million people globally as of 2013.
Zhastar Stadium
Zhas Kanat Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Aktau, Kazakhstan.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Caspiy, which plays in the country's top-tier Kazakhstan Premier League.

FC Caspiy
Caspiy Football Club (Kazakh: Футбольный клуб «Каспий») is a Kazakhstani football club based at the Zhastar Stadium in Aktau. The club name derived from Caspian Sea (Kazakh: Каспий теңізі), on whose eastern shore Aktau is located. Their best year was 1996, when they finished 4th in the Premier League and reached the semi-finals of the Kazakhstan Cup. Since 2001, they were stuck in the First Division, until gaining direct promotion to the top division in the 2019 season.
International Kyudo Federation
The International Kyudo Federation (abbreviated as IKYF) is the International body for the Governance of Kyudo Worldwide, establishing standards, grading and competitions throughout the world. The IKYF is a body associated with the All Nippon Kyudo Federation (ANKF) sharing in its role to govern and support Kyudo. While The ANKF governs kyudo within Japan, the IKYF promotes, maintains and educates about kyudo internationally.

All Nippon Kyudo Federation
The All Nippon Kyudo Federation  (ANKF) (Japanese: 全日本弓道連盟) (全弓連) is a public interest incorporated foundation and sports governing body that presides over the martial art of Kyūdō in Japan by organising standards seminars and events for the majority of kyudo practitioners in the country.

Until 1968, it was a member of the International Archery Federation (FITA), but due to cost issues, at the end of 1968, it transferred its FITA membership rights  to the All Japan Archery Federation.
Bold, St Helens
Bold is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside, England. Bold itself is situated to the south east of St Helens, near to the boundaries with Halton and Warrington. The parish extends southwards beyond the M62 motorway and includes the hamlet of Bold Heath along with the Clock Face and New Bold area of St Helens.  According to the 2001 Census it had a population of 3,410 at the 2011 Census

Clock Face, St Helens
Clock Face is a village and area of the town of St Helens, England, 4 mi (6.4 km) south of the town centre. It is a ward within the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens and forms part of the parish of Bold.

Historically a part of Lancashire, the village and area is so named because of a large clock face that adorned the Inn. The name was also adopted by a colliery in the area. The Clock Face public house, although not the original building, is built close to the original location and maintains the naming tradition.
Yttrium orthovanadate
Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO4) is a transparent crystal. Undoped YVO4 is used to make efficient high-power polarizing prisms similar to Glan–Taylor prisms. With a chemical structure very similar to wakefieldite ([La,Ce,Nd,Y]VO4), it is also sometimes used as a synthetic gemstone since the former is prohibitively rare.

There are two principal applications for doped yttrium orthovanadate:

Doped with neodymium it forms Nd:YVO4, an active laser medium used in diode-pumped solid-state lasers.

Doped with europium it forms Eu:YVO4, the dominant red  phosphor used in cathode-ray tubes especially in color TVs.

Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate
Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) is a crystalline material formed by adding neodymium ions to yttrium orthovanadate. It is commonly used as an active laser medium for diode-pumped solid-state lasers. It comes as a transparent blue-tinted material, which varies to purplish depending on lighting, similar to alexandrite. It is birefringent, therefore rods made of it are usually rectangular.

As in all neodymium-doped laser crystals, the lasing action of Nd:YVO4 is due to its content of neodymium ions, which may be excited by visible or infrared light, and undergo an electronic transition resulting in emission of coherent infrared light at a lower frequency, usually at 1064 nm (other transitions in Nd are available, and can be selected for by external optics).
2020 Tennessee Senate election
The 2020 Tennessee State Senate election was held on November 3, 2020, to elect 16 of the 33 seats for the Tennessee's State Senate. The elections coincided with the Presidential, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State House elections. The primary elections were held on August 6, 2020, with the exception of presidential primaries held on March 3 of that year.

Republicans lost District 20, which includes suburban parts of Nashville in Davidson County.

2020 Tennessee House of Representatives election
The 2020 Tennessee House of Representatives election was held on November 3, 2020, to elect 99 seats for the Tennessee House of Representatives. The elections coincided with the Presidential, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State Senate elections.

The Democratic Party regained control of the 90th district. Incumbent Rep. John DeBerry, who had represented the district as a Democrat for many years, was removed from the Tennessee Democratic Party’s primary ballot by the party’s State Executive Committee after voting against key Democratic positions, including on abortion and other issues; his anti-abortion stance was cited as a significant factor in that decision. DeBerry subsequently ran for re-election as an independent. After losing his bid for another term, Governor Bill Lee appointed DeBerry to serve as a senior advisor in his administration.

The Republican Party maintained their supermajority in the state house, retaining all 73 seats.
Graphophone
The Graphophone was the name and trademark of an improved version of the phonograph. It was initially designed at the Volta Laboratory established by Alexander Graham Bell in Washington, D.C., United States. It was co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell, Charles Sumner Tainter, and Chichester Bell in 1886.

Its trademark usage was acquired successively by the Volta Graphophone Company, the American Graphophone Company, the North American Phonograph Company, and finally by the Columbia Phonograh Company (known today as Columbia Records), all of which either produced or sold Graphophones.

Volta Laboratory and Bureau
The Volta Laboratory (also known as the Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory, the Bell Carriage House and the Bell Laboratory) and the Volta Bureau were created in Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., by Alexander Graham Bell.

The Volta Laboratory was founded in 1880–1881 with Charles Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin, Chichester Bell, for the research and development of telecommunication, phonograph and other technologies.

Using funds generated by the Volta Laboratory, Bell later founded the Volta Bureau in 1887 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf", and merged with the American Association for the Promotion and Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD) in 1908. It was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 and then the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in 1999.
Pope Nicholas III
Pope Nicholas III (Latin: Nicolaus III; c. 1225 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 November 1277 to his death on 22 August 1280.

He was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight popes, been made Cardinal-Deacon of St. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano by Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254), protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261), inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV (1261–64), and succeeded Pope John XXI (1276–1277) after a six-month vacancy in the Holy See resolved in the papal election of 1277, largely through family influence.

Pope John XXI
Pope John XXI (Latin: Ioannes XXI, Italian: Giovanni XXI, Portuguese: João XXI; c. 1215 – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião (Latin: Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death in May 1277. He is the only ethnically Portuguese pope in history. He is sometimes identified with the logician and herbalist Peter of Spain (Latin: Petrus Hispanus; Portuguese: Pedro Hispano), which would make him the only pope to have been a physician.
Fiat Palio
The Fiat Palio is a supermini car released by the Italian manufacturer Fiat in April 1996. It was produced until 2018 as hatchback, and 2020 as a wagon.

The Palio is a world car and was developed by Fiat Automóveis with an aim at developing countries. It has been produced in various countries worldwide, and its platform was also used in the Siena sedan, the Palio Weekend station wagon, the Palio Adventure crossover and the Strada light pick-up truck.

Fiat Strada
The Fiat Strada is a coupé utility produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat since 1998. It is mainly produced in Brazil and marketed throughout Latin America, whereas the first-generation Strada was also assembled in South Africa and exported to Europe from Brazil.

Based on a unibody chassis with front-wheel drive configuration, the Strada shares its platform with several Fiat subcompact cars such as the Palio, Siena, and Uno. As of 2024, the Strada is the smallest of three Fiat pickup trucks, which include the larger unibody Toro and the body-on-frame Titano.
Olga of Kiev
Olga (Church Slavonic: Ольга; Old Norse: Helga; c. 890–925 – 11 July 969) was a regent of Kievan Rus' for her son Sviatoslav from 945 until 957. Following her baptism, Olga took the name Elenа. She is known for her subjugation of the Drevlians, a tribe that had killed her husband Igor. Even though it was her grandson Vladimir who adopted Christianity and made it the state religion, she was the first ruler to be baptized.

Olga is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church with the epithet "Equal to the Apostles". Her feast day is 11 July.

Igor of Kiev
Igor (Church Slavonic: Игорь; Old Norse: Ingvarr; c. 877 – 945) was Prince of Kiev from 912 to 945. Traditionally, he is considered to be the son of Rurik, who established himself at Novgorod and died in 879 while Igor was an infant. According to the Primary Chronicle, Rurik was succeeded by Oleg, who ruled as regent and was described by the chronicler as being "of his kin".
Donavia
JSC "Donavia" (Russian: ОАО «Донавиа») was an Aeroflot subsidiary airline based in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Its main bases were Rostov-on-Don Airport and Mineralnye Vody Airport after the Kavminvodyavia bankruptcy. It was known as Aeroflot-Don (Russian: ОАО «Аэрофлот-Дон») from 2000–2009. In the spring of 2016, its operations and aircraft were merged into sister company Rossiya.

Rossiya Airlines
Rossiya Airlines (Russian: АО Авиакомпания «Россия», romanized: AO Aviakompaniya "Rossiya"), sometimes branded as Rossiya—Russian Airlines (Россия — Российские авиалинии, Rossiya — Rossyskiye avialinii) is one of the oldest and largest air carriers of Russia. It was founded on 7 May 1934. It is a part of Aeroflot Group. Rossiya is the largest and the base carrier of Pulkovo Airport (Saint Petersburg).

It is currently banned from flying into the European Union.
Florida State Road 293
State Road 293 (SR 293) is a 15.4 mile (24.8 km) major thoroughfare, extending from U.S. Route 98 in Destin, north across the Mid-Bay Bridge, a toll bridge, around Niceville to State Road 85. Initially ending at Florida State Road 20 west of where they intersect today, SR 293 has served as a very important bypass to the Niceville community, and as a hurricane evacuation route. From the Mid-Bay Bridge and to points north, the roadway is known as the Walter Francis Spence Parkway.

Florida State Road 85
State Road 85 (SR 85) is a north–south state highway that runs from US 98 in Fort Walton Beach, Florida north to State Route 55 at the Florida/Alabama state line. In its earliest inception, it was just a clayed road over graded sandy soil, and was known early in the twentieth century as the Georgia, Alabama and Florida Highway.
BBC Radio 5 (former)
BBC Radio 5 was a national radio station that broadcast sports, children's and educational programmes. It ran from 1990 to 1994 and was transmitted via analogue radio on 693 and 909 kHz AM.

On 28 March 1994, three years and seven months after the station started, it was replaced by BBC Radio 5 Live, following the success of rolling news coverage of the Gulf War on BBC Radio 4 News FM.

BBC Radio 4 News FM
BBC Radio 4 News FM was the national BBC station devoted to rolling news service that was on air during the Gulf War from 16 January until 2 March 1991. It was broadcast on Radio 4's FM frequencies, whilst regular scheduled non-news BBC Radio 4 programming continued on longwave. This station was also broadcast on BBC World Service. At the time, some journalists gave it the nickname Scud FM from the Scud missiles used by Iraqi forces in the war.

The long-term impact of BBC Radio 4 News FM was that the popularity of the station was taken as evidence that a rolling news service was required at the BBC, and three years later, the BBC launched a continuous news and sport station, BBC Radio 5 Live.
Friendship Fountain
Friendship Fountain is a large fountain in Jacksonville, Florida. It is in St. Johns River Park (also known as Friendship Fountain Park) at the west end of Downtown Jacksonville's Southbank Riverwalk attraction. The world's largest and tallest fountain when it opened, it has been one of Jacksonville's most recognizable and popular attractions.

The fountain and park were designed by Jacksonville architect Taylor Hardwick in 1963 and opened in 1965. The fountain's three pumps could push 17,000 US gallons (64,000 L) of water per minute up to 120 feet (37 m) in height. Friendship Fountain remained one of Jacksonville's signature attractions through the 20th century, but severe corrosion and deterioration to the equipment resulted in periodic closures in the 2000s. In 2011 the city completed a $3.2 million renovation to the fountain and the surrounding park. A second renovation began in 2020 and, after several delays, was completed in 2024, with a nearly $8 million budget.

Jacksonville Riverwalks
The Jacksonville Riverwalks are a network of multi-use trails and open space developments along both the north and south banks of the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. The roughly 2-mile (3.2 km) Downtown Northbank portion travels alongside the Hyatt Regency Jacksonville, Riverfront Plaza, Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts, CSX Transportation Building, and extends into the Brooklyn district. The 1.25-mile (2.01 km) Southbank portion of the trail connects local landmarks such as Friendship Fountain, Museum of Science and History and Riverplace Tower.
Hypsiprymnodon
Hypsiprymnodon is a genus of macropods. The sole extant species is Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, the musky rat-kangaroo. The genus includes four known fossil species.

The generic name combines the Ancient Greek ὕψος (hyps-, 'high'), πρυμνός (prumnós, 'hindmost'), and ὀδών (odṓn, 'tooth').
This name was derived from the genus Hypsiprymnus, a synonym for Potorous, and distinguishes this by combining the Ancient Greek odoús, meaning 'tooth'.

Musky rat-kangaroo
The musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodon moschatus) is a small marsupial found only in the rainforests of northeastern Australia. First described in the later 19th century, the only other species are known from fossil specimens. They are similar in appearance to potoroos and bettongs, but are not as closely related. Their omnivorous diet is known to include materials such as fruit and fungi, as well as small animals such as insects and other invertebrates.
Mickey's Tale of Two Witches
Mickey's Tale of Two Witches is a Halloween television special that premiered on October 7, 2021 on Disney Junior. It is produced by Disney Television Animation. It is the first spin-off special of Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures before Mickey and Minnie Wish Upon a Christmas.

Mickey and Minnie Wish Upon a Christmas
Mickey and Minnie Wish Upon a Christmas is a musical Christmas television special released on December 2, 2021 on Disney Junior. It is produced by Disney Television Animation. It is the second spin-off special of Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures after Mickey's Tale of Two Witches.
Ram Prasad Bismil
Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciationⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, participating in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. He composed in Urdu and Hindi under pen names Ram, Agyat अज्ञात (anonymous) and Bismil (wounded), becoming widely known under the latter. "Bismil" was not his real surname; it was his pen name. Pandit was an honorific title conferred to him due to his specialised knowledge on several subjects. He was also a translator.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Association.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his revolutionary activities.

Kakori conspiracy
The Kakori conspiracy was a train robbery that took place at Kakori, a village near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925, during the Indian independence movement against the British rule in India. It was organized by the Indian revolutionaries of Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).

This Train Action was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who were members of HRA, which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. The HRA was established to carry out revolutionary activities against the British Empire with the objective of achieving independence. Since the organisation needed money for the purchase of weaponry, Bismil and his party made a plan to rob a train on the Saharanpur railway lines. The robbery plan was executed by Bismil, Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarty, Manmathnath Gupta, Mukundi Lal, Murari Lal Khanna and Banwari Lal. One passenger was killed.
Tomorrow Party of Japan
Tomorrow Party of Japan (日本未来の党, Nippon Mirai no Tō), also known as the Japan Future Party, was a Japanese political party, formed on 28 November 2012 by Governor of Shiga Prefecture Yukiko Kada and dissolved in May 2013.

Kada created the party as an alternative to the then-ruling  Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and the main opposition Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), and it quickly merged with former political runner Ichirō Ozawa's People's Life Party. It was the only political party which opposed nuclear power and the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership. After a complete failure at the polls in the 16 December 2012 general election the party collapsed, and it officially dissolved in May 2013.

Liberal Party (Japan, 2016)
The Liberal Party (自由党, Jiyū-tō) was a political party in Japan that merged with the Democratic Party For the People on 26 April 2019. It had 2 out of the 475 seats in the House of Representatives, and 3 in the 242-member House of Councillors prior to merging. Formed as the People's Life Party (生活の党) in December 2012, it changed its name to People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends (生活の党と山本太郎となかまたち) in December 2014. The party adopted the name Liberal Party in October 2016 in preparation for an expected general election in early 2017.
Jason Booth
Jason Booth (born 7 November 1977) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2016. He held the IBO super-flyweight title from 2003 to 2004, and challenged once for the IBF super bantamweight title in 2010. At regional level, he held the British and Commonwealth flyweight titles between 1999 and 2001; the Commonwealth bantamweight title from 2007 to 2008; the British super-bantamweight title from 2009 to 2011; the Commonwealth super-bantamweight title twice in 2010 and 2011. He is the older brother of the former British and Commonwealth bantamweight champion, Nicky Booth.

Nicky Booth
Nicky Booth (21 January 1980 – 13 January 2021) was a British professional boxer who competed from 1998 to 2003. He challenged once for the IBO bantamweight title in 2001. At regional level, he held the British bantamweight title from 2000 to 2003 and the Commonwealth bantamweight title from 2000 to 2002. He was the younger brother of former boxer Jason Booth.

Booth died on 13 January 2021, at the age of 40.
Rajaram of Sinsini
Rajaram Jat (reign 1670–1688) was a chieftain of Sinsini, who led organised rebellion against Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after Gokula Jat execution. He is notable for desecrating the tomb of Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1688. He united the Jats, modernised their military capabilities, and employed guerrilla tactics to disrupt Mughal authority in the regions around Agra, Mathura, and the Yamuna river.

Rajaram successfully resisted Mughal forces, defeating Nawab Khan-i-Jahan Bahadur Zafar Jang Kokaltash in battle near Sinsini, which allowed to gain control over parganas such as Bhuma, Hodal, Kuthumbar, and Palwal. His leadership laid the foundation for the later establishment of the Kingdom of Bharatpur. After his death in 1688, his brother Churaman and his son continued their resistance against Mughal Empire.

Gokula Jat
Gokula Jat (died 1 January 1670), also known as Gokul Dev, was a zamindar and chieftain who led a rebellion against the Mughal Empire during the reign of emperor Aurangzeb in the late 17th century. Gokula emerged as a symbol of resistance against Mughal oppression, particularly their discriminatory religious and economic policies. His leadership in the uprising of 1669 marked one of the earliest organised revolts against Mughal rule in India, influencing later rebellions and the rise of the Kingdom of Bharatpur.

In 1669, Gokula rallied approximately 20,000 Jats and other local farmers to resist oppressive Mughal taxation and religious policies. His forces achieved early successes, defeating and killing the Mughal Faujdar Abdul Nabi Khan at the Battle of Tilpat and destroying the Sadabad cantonment. However, the rebellion was crushed following the Tilpat's siege, where Gokula was captured after a four-day battle. Gokula was executed by dismemberment in Agra on 1 January 1670.