hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alva Woods
Alva Woods (1794–1887) was an American minister, university professor and university president. He was interim President of Brown University, 1826–28 and President of Transylvania University, 1828-31.  Of most historical significance, he served as the first President of the University of Alabama from 1831 to 1837.

Presidents of the University of Alabama
The president of The University of Alabama is the university's chief administrator, appointed by the board of trustees. The first to occupy the President's Mansion, on University Boulevard opposite the Quad, was Basil Manly, Sr., the university's second president.
Route nationale 25 (Madagascar)
Route nationale 25 (RN 25) is a primary highway in Madagascar of 161 km, running from Mananjary, Fianarantsoa to RN7. It crosses the regions of Vatovavy and Haute Matsiatra.
It is only partly paved and often in bad condition.

Route nationale 7 (Madagascar)
Route nationale 7  (RN7) is a primary highway in Madagascar running 980km from the capital Antananarivo to Tulear at the south-west coast of the country. It crosses the regions of Analamanga, Vakinankaratra, Amoron'i Mania, Haute Matsiatra, Ihorombe, and Atsimo-Andrefana.

This is one of the most important roads of the country and relatively well maintained.
Alfonso III of Asturias
Alfonso III (c. 848 – 20 December 910), called the Great (Spanish: el Magno), was king of Asturias from 866 until his death. He was the son and successor of Ordoño I. After his death, the Kingdom of Asturias was split between his sons, with García inheriting León, Ordoño inheriting Galicia, and Fruela inheriting Asturias.

In later sources, he is the earliest to be called "Emperor of Spain." He was also titled "Prince of all Galicia" (Princeps totius Galletiae).

Fruela II of Asturias
Fruela II (c. 874–August 925) was the king of Asturias from 910 to 924 and king of León from 924 to 925. His father was Alfonso III of Asturias and his mother was Jimena. In 910 Fruela and two of his brothers deposed their father, Alfonso, and divided the kingdom amongst themselves. Fruela, the youngest brother, took the original portion (Asturias); Ordoño took Galicia; and García, the eldest, took León. Although Fruela called himself king of a much-diminished Asturias, evidence suggests that his role was subordinate to the king of León.
Royal Manchester College of Music
The Royal Manchester College of Music (RMCM) was a  tertiary level conservatoire in Manchester, north-west England. It was founded in 1893 by the German-born  conductor Sir Charles Hallé in 1893.

In 1972, the Royal Manchester College of Music amalgamated with the Northern School of Music to form the Royal Northern College of Music.

Royal Northern College of Music
The Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) is a conservatoire in Manchester, England. It is one of four conservatoires associated with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. In addition to being a centre of music education, the RNCM is a busy and diverse public performance venue.
Pat Rooney (actor born 1848)
Patrick Joseph Rooney (1848 – 28 March 1892), often referred to as Pat Rooney Sr. or Pat Rooney the Elder, was an English-born Irish American actor, comedian, songwriter, dancer, and vaudeville performer. He should not be confused with his son Pat Rooney (1880–1962), known variously as Pat Rooney Jr. and Pat Rooney Sr., or his grandson Pat Rooney (1909–1975), also an actor and dancer known as Pat Rooney Jr.

Pat Rooney (actor born 1880)
Patrick Joseph Rooney (July 4, 1880  –  September 9, 1962) was an American actor, dancer, comedian, and vaudeville entertainer.  He was known during his early vaudeville career as Pat Rooney, Jr. (to differentiate him from his father, Pat Rooney Sr. (1848–1892)), and later in his career as Pat Rooney, Sr. (to differentiate him from his son, Pat Rooney III, sometimes also known as Pat Rooney Jr. (1909–1979)).
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.

Antacid
An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, or an upset stomach. Some antacids have been used in the treatment of constipation and diarrhea. Marketed antacids contain salts of aluminium, calcium, magnesium, or sodium. Some preparations contain a combination of two salts, such as magnesium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide (e.g., hydrotalcite).
Wellwater Conspiracy
Wellwater Conspiracy was an American rock band that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1993. The band was created by members of the grunge-era side project Hater. Wellwater Conspiracy featured Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron and ex-Monster Magnet guitarist John McBain. The band originally featured Soundgarden bassist Ben Shepherd, who left the band in 1998. Various other artists have contributed to the band's albums, notably Queens of the Stone Age front man Josh Homme, Pearl Jam singer Eddie Vedder, and Soundgarden guitarist Kim Thayil.

Hater (band)
Hater was an American rock supergroup  that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1993. The band formed as a side project mostly under the direction of Soundgarden bassist Ben Shepherd. Additional members included Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron, guitarist John McBain (ex-Monster Magnet and, later, partner of Cameron and Shepherd in Wellwater Conspiracy), bassist John Waterman for the self-titled album, Devilhead vocalist Brian Wood, brother of Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, and Alan Davis on bass for The 2nd.
Jüterbog–Nauen railway
The Jüterbog–Nauen railway is a line that runs to the west of Berlin through the German state of Brandenburg. It runs from Jüterbog via Treuenbrietzen, Beelitz, Potsdam, Wustermark to Nauen. The line is a part of the Bypass Railway (Umgehungsbahn), which was primarily designed to relieve congestion on the railways in Berlin. The Wustermark–Nauen section has been closed, the Golm–Priort section is now a part of the Berlin outer ring and has been rebuilt as a double-track main line.

Wustermark station
Wustermark station is a railway station in the town of Wustermark in the Havelland region of the German state of Brandenburg, to the west of Berlin. The station is located on the Berlin–Lehrte railway and is connected with the Jüterbog–Nauen railway (originally built as part of a freight bypass), part of which became part of the Berlin outer ring in the 1950s. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.
Warsop
Warsop is a civil parish in Mansfield District, Nottinghamshire, England, on the outskirts of the remnants of Sherwood Forest. At the 2021 census the population was 12,644 residents, including the settlements of Market Warsop, Church Warsop, Warsop Vale, Meden Vale, Sookholme and Spion Kop.

Sookholme
Sookholme is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Warsop in the Mansfield district of western Nottinghamshire, England. It is 120 miles (190 km) north west of London, 16+3⁄4 miles (27.0 km) north of the county town and city of Nottingham, and 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) north of the town of Mansfield.

Sookholme retains an agricultural character, having been largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution, which had a transformative impact on the settlement pattern and built form of numerous other settlements situated within the North Midlands coalfields. Whilst relatively close to the built up areas of Mansfield and Shirebrook, Sookholme is remote and rural. In 1931 the parish had a population of 210.
Osheaga Festival
The Osheaga Music and Arts Festival (French: Festival musique et arts Osheaga) is a multi-day music festival in Montreal, Quebec, that is held every summer at Parc Jean-Drapeau on Île Sainte-Hélène. The festival takes place on six stages with various audience capacities. Translated from their French equivalents, they are called "River Stage", "Mountain Stage", "Green Stage", "Trees Stage", "Valley Stage", and "Zone Piknic Electronik". Each performance area is paired with a sponsor. Band set times fluctuate based on the status of the performer within the festival. Emerging artists play 30-minute sets, and headliners conclude each day with 90-minute plus sets. The 2006 festival attracted a crowd of around 50,000 people. The 2012 festival reached its 80,000 attendance capacity each day.

Jean-Drapeau Park
Jean Drapeau Park (formerly called Parc des Îles) is the third-largest park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It comprises two islands, Saint Helen's Island and the artificial island Notre Dame Island, situated off the shore of Old Montreal in the Saint Lawrence River.

The islands were the site of the Expo 67 World's Fair. Notre Dame Island was constructed for the exposition, and Saint Helen's Island artificially extended at its north and south ends. The park was renamed in honour of Jean Drapeau, the late mayor of Montreal and initiator of Expo 67.
Jian Shuo
Jian Shuo (died c. May 189) was the leader of the eunuch faction in the imperial court during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Along with Zhang Rang, Jian Shuo eventually became a leading member of the Ten Attendants, who became the most powerful eunuchs during the time. When Emperor Ling of Han died in May 189, Jian Shuo wanted to enthrone Emperor Ling's younger son, Liu Xie, and kill Empress Dowager He's brother, He Jin (uncle of Emperor Ling's older son Liu Bian). However, the plot was discovered by He Jin and foiled. When Liu Bian ascended to the throne as Emperor Shao, He Jin had Jian Shuo arrested and executed.

Ten Attendants
The Ten Attendants, also known as the Ten Eunuchs, were a group of influential eunuch-officials in the imperial court of the Chinese Eastern Han dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Ling (r.  168–189). Although they are often referred to as a group of 10, there were actually 12 of them, and all held the position of zhong changshi (中常侍; "Central Regular Attendant") in Emperor Ling's imperial court.

The 12 were: Zhang Rang (張讓), Zhao Zhong (趙忠), Xia Yun (夏惲), Guo Sheng (郭勝), Sun Zhang (孫璋), Bi Lan (畢嵐), Li Song (栗嵩), Duan Gui (段珪), Gao Wang (高望), Zhang Gong (張恭), Han Kui (韓悝) and Song Dian (宋典).
XII Corps (United Kingdom)
XII Corps was a corps of the British Army that fought in the First and Second World Wars. In the First World War, it formed part of the British Salonika Force on the Macedonian front. In the Second World War, it formed part of the British Second Army during Operation Overlord and the subsequent North-West Europe Campaign of 1944-46.

Second Army (United Kingdom)
The British Second Army was a Field Army active during the First and Second World Wars. During the First World War the army was active on the Western Front throughout most of the war and later active in Italy. During the Second World War the army was the main British contribution to the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 and advance across Europe.
Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area
The Weirton–Steubenville, WV–OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as the Upper Ohio Valley, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of two counties in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia and one in Ohio, anchored by the cities of Weirton and Steubenville. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 116,903. This puts it at 334th largest in the United States. It is also included in the larger Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton, PA–OH–WV Combined Statistical Area.

Centered around the Ohio River, the Upper Ohio Valley was historically a manufacturing center of the United States due to its strategic transportation location.

Weirton, West Virginia
Weirton (/ˈwɪərtən/ WEER-tən) is a city in Hancock and Brooke counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is located along the Ohio River in the state's northern panhandle bordering Ohio and Pennsylvania. The population was 19,163 at the 2020 census, making it the seventh-most populous city in West Virginia.

Weirton was incorporated in 1947 after the consolidation of various small towns in the vicinity of the Weirton Steel Corporation, founded by Ernest T. Weir in 1909. It is a principal city of the Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area, which had a population of 116,903 residents in 2020; it is also a major city in the western part of the Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area.
Symposium on Theory of Computing
The Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science. STOC has been organized annually since 1969, typically in May or June; the conference is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest group SIGACT. Acceptance rate of STOC, averaged from 1970 to 2012, is 31%, with the rate of 29% in 2012.

As Fich (1996) writes, STOC and its annual IEEE counterpart FOCS (the Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science) are considered the two top conferences in theoretical computer science, considered broadly: they “are forums for some of the best work throughout theory of computing that promote breadth among theory of computing researchers and help to keep the community together.” Johnson (1984) includes regular attendance at STOC and FOCS as one of several defining characteristics of theoretical computer scientists.

Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
The IEEE Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science. FOCS is sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society.

As Fich (1996) writes, FOCS and its annual Association for Computing Machinery counterpart STOC (the Symposium on Theory of Computing) are considered the two top conferences in theoretical computer science, considered broadly: they "are forums for some of the best work throughout theory of computing that promote breadth among theory of computing researchers and help to keep the community together." Johnson (1984) includes regular attendance at FOCS and STOC as one of several defining characteristics of theoretical computer scientists.
David Jackson (musician)
David Nicholas George Jackson (born 15 April 1947), nicknamed Jaxon, is an English progressive rock saxophonist, flautist, and composer. He is best known for his work with the band Van der Graaf Generator and his work in Music and Disability. He has also worked with Peter Gabriel, Keith Tippett, Osanna, Judge Smith, David Cross and others.

His playing is characterized by the frequent use of double horns, wielding two saxophones at the same time, a style he emulates from Rahsaan Roland Kirk (whose style and technique influenced Jackson). He also plays flutes and whistles. In the NME, reviewer Jonathan Barnett called David Jackson "the Van Gogh of the saxophone – a renegade impressionist, dispensing distorted visions of the world outside from his private asylum window".

Judge Smith
Christopher John Judge Smith (born 1 July 1948) is an English songwriter, author, composer and performer, and a founder member of progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Initially working under the name Chris Judge Smith, he has been known simply as Judge Smith since 1994. After Van der Graaf Generator, he has written songs, stage musicals and operas, and from the early 1990s on he has released a number of solo CDs, including three "Songstories".
Bennett Masinga
Bennett Masinga (13 January 1965 – 14 November 2013) was a South African soccer player who played as a forward.

He was the cousin of former footballer Phil Masinga.

Masinga died on 14 November 2013 at the age of 48.

Phil Masinga
Philemon Raul Masinga (28 June 1969 – 13 January 2019) was a South African professional footballer and manager who played as a striker from 1990 to 2002. He was born in Khuma in the city of Matlosana formerly known as Klerksdorp Municipality.

He played in the English Premier League for Leeds United, and Italian Serie A for Salernitana and Bari. He also played for Jomo Cosmos, Mamelodi Sundowns with his cousin Bennett Masinga, St. Gallen and Al-Wahda. He represented South Africa in 58 international games, scoring 18 goals. In 2006, he briefly went into football management with PJ Stars.
Taha Kemara
Taha Kemara is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the Crusaders in Super Rugby and for Waikato in the Bunnings NPC. His playing position is fly-half. He was named in the Crusaders squad for the 2023 Super Rugby Pacific season. He was named in the Waikato 2022 Bunnings NPC squad.

He competed for New Zealand Touch in the 2020 B18 Youth Trans Tasman final against Australia, playing alongside Noah Hotham.

Having begun playing rugby at Ōpōtiki Sports Club JAB, he moved to Te Awamutu Sports Rugby Club. Kemara attended Hamilton Boys' High School, where he captained them to their first High School title since 2014, playing alongside his Crusaders teammate Noah Hotham.

Noah Hotham
Noah Hotham (born 23 May 2003) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for Tasman in the Bunnings NPC and the Crusaders in Super Rugby. His position is halfback.

He competed for New Zealand Touch in the 2020 B18 Youth Trans Tasman final against Australia, playing alongside Crusaders teammate Taha Kemara.

He made his test match debut for the New Zealand national rugby union team in July 2024.
Province of Rome
The province of Rome (Italian: provincia di Roma) was one of the five provinces that formed part of the Lazio region of Italy. It was established in 1870 and disestablished in 2014. It was essentially coterminous with the Rome metropolitan area. The city of Rome was the provincial capital. During the 1920s, the boundary of the province shrank as land was ceded to establish new provinces. The province of Rome was the most populous province in Italy. On 1 January 2015, it was superseded by a new local government body—the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital.

Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (Italian: città metropolitana di Roma Capitale) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Lazio region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Rome and 120 other comuni (sg.: comune) in the hinterland of the city. With more than 4.2 million inhabitants, it is the largest metropolitan city in Italy as of 2025.

It was established on 1 January 2015 by the terms of Law 142/1990 (Reform of local authorities) and by Law 56/2014. It superseded the province of Rome. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (Sindaco metropolitano) and governed by the Metropolitan Council (Consiglio metropolitano). Roberto Gualtieri is the incumbent mayor, having taken office on 21 October 2021.
Connecticut Adjutant General
The Adjutant General of Connecticut is the highest-ranking military officer in the Armed Forces of the State of Connecticut which includes the Connecticut National Guard, the four units of the Governor's Guards, the Connecticut State Guard, the Connecticut State Guard Reserve and the Connecticut Naval Militia.  The current Adjutant General is Major General Francis J. Evon, Jr.  He was appointed to a four-year term effective July 1, 2018.

Governor's Guards
The Governor's Guards of Connecticut are four distinct units of the Connecticut State Guard, a part of the organized militia under the Connecticut State Militia. There are two foot guard units and two horse guard units. All four units are formed fully of volunteers and serve under the authority of the Connecticut Adjutant General and the Governor of the State of Connecticut, who serves as the Guards' Commander-in-Chief.
Samos (town)
Samos (Greek: Σάμος, before 1958: Λιμήν Βαθέος - Limin Vatheos) is a port town on the island of Samos in Greece. It is the capital of the regional unit of Samos and of the municipality of East Samos. It is also known by its old name of Vathy (Βαθύ), though this now usually refers to the old hillside suburb of Ano Vathy.

Vathy, Samos
Vathy (Greek: Βαθύ, Vathý) is a community and a former municipality on the island of Samos, North Aegean, Greece. Since 2019, it has been a municipal unit of the municipality of East Samos. The town proper, also known as Ano Vathy (Άνω Βαθύ, upper Vathy), is an old hillside suburb of the town of Samos. Before 1958, the town of Samos was known as Limin Vatheos (port of Vathy); hence, many islanders still often refer to all of the town as Vathy. According to the 2021 census, the population of the community of Vathy was 3,767, while the population of the municipal unit was 12,506.
Magic (yacht)
The Magic was a racing schooner yacht, of the New York Yacht Club. She was the first American defender during the 1870 America's Cup hosted in New York against the 1st British challenger Cambria, representing the Royal Thames Yacht Club of London. The Magic, had 19 owners. Her last owner modified her into a pilot boat at Key West. In 1922, during a hurricane, she was wrecked on the beach in Key West.

1870 America's Cup
The 1870 America's Cup was the first America's Cup competition to be hosted in the United States, and the first "America's Cup" due to the trophy being renamed from the 100 Guineas Cup of 1851. It was the first competition after the founding of the "America's Cup" event with the deed of gift in 1857.

James Lloyd Ashbury's yacht Cambria sailed to New York on behalf of the Royal Thames Yacht Club.

The New York Yacht Club entered 17 schooners, and the race was won by Franklin Osgood's Magic.

The course of the race was from the Club House, Staten Island, N.Y. around the S.W. Spit to and the light ship off Sandy Hook and back, 40 miles. Seventeen American and the English yacht Cambria started at 11.21 A. M. The race was won by Magic, which rounded the home stake boat in 3 hours, 33 minutes, 54 seconds. The Yachts Tidal Wave, Widgeon, and Alarm failed to complete the race and were ruled out.
William de Braose (died 1230)
William de Braose (c. 1197 – 2 May 1230) was the son of Reginald de Braose by his first wife, Grecia Briwere. He was an ill-fated member of the House of Braose, a powerful and long-lived dynasty of Marcher Lords.

Reginald de Braose
Reginald de Braose (19 September 1182 – June 1228) was one of the sons of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber and Matilda, also known as Maud de St. Valery and Lady de la Haie. Her other children included William and Giles.

The de Braoses were loyal to King Richard I but grew in power under King John of England. The dynasty was in conflict with King John towards the end of his reign and almost lost everything.

Reginald de Braose was a scion of the powerful Marcher family of de Braose, helped manage its survival and was also related by marriage to the Welsh Princes of Wales.
Oakland Tribune
The Oakland Tribune was a daily newspaper published in Oakland, California from 1874 to 2016 when it was merged into the East Bay Times by its owner, Bay Area News Group. The former nameplate of the consolidated newspaper will continue to be published every Friday as weekly community supplements.

East Bay Times
The East Bay Times is a daily broadsheet newspaper based in Walnut Creek, California, United States, owned by the Bay Area News Group (BANG), a subsidiary of Media News Group, that serves Contra Costa and Alameda counties, in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It was founded as the Contra Costa Times, and took its current name in 2016 when it was merged with other sister papers in the East Bay. Its oldest merged title is the Oakland Tribune founded in 1874.