hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ali Bey Evrenosoğlu
Evrenosoğlu Ali Bey, known simply as Ali Bey, was an Ottoman military commander in the 15th century. He was one of the sons of Evrenos, an Ottoman general. During the 1430s he was sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Albania who, after initial defeats, suppressed the Albanian Revolt of 1432–1436 with help of the forces commanded by Turahan Bey. In 1440 he participated in the unsuccessful Ottoman Siege of Belgrade.

Turahan Bey
Turahan Bey or Turakhan Beg (Turkish: Turahan Bey/Beğ; Albanian: Turhan Bej; Greek: Τουραχάνης, Τουραχάν μπέης or Τουραχάμπεης; died in 1456) was a prominent Ottoman Turkish military commander and governor of Thessaly from 1423 until his death in 1456. He participated in many Ottoman campaigns of the second quarter of the 15th century, fighting against the Byzantines as well as against the Crusade of Varna. His repeated raids into the Morea transformed the local Byzantine despotate into an Ottoman dependency and opened the way for its conquest. At the same time, his administration of Thessaly, where he settled new peoples, founded the town of Tyrnavos and revitalized the economy, set the groundwork for Ottoman rule in the area for centuries to come.
Cavite Peninsula
The Cavite Peninsula is a peninsula extending northeast into Manila Bay from the coastal town of Noveleta in Cavite province in the Philippines. The northern tip of the peninsula is geographically the northernmost part of the province of Cavite.

The peninsula is composed of 5 districts and the City of Cavite with a tiny southern portion part of the Municipality of Noveleta. The northernmost portion of the peninsula, called Sangley Point, was the location of the former U.S. Naval Station Sangley Point until 1971 when it was turned over to the Philippine government. It is now called the Danilo Atienza Air Base, a Philippine Air Force base.

Cavite City
Cavite City, officially the City of Cavite (Chavacano: Ciudad de Cavite; Filipino: Lungsod ng Kabite) is a component city in the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 98,673 people.

The city was the capital of Cavite Province from its establishment in 1614 until the title was transferred to the newly created, more accessible city of Trece Martires in 1954. Cavite City was originally a small port town, Cavite Puerto, that prospered during the early Spanish colonial period, when it served as the main seaport of Manila. Cavite Puerto hosted the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, along with other large sea-bound ships. Thereafter, San Roque and La Caridad, two formerly independent towns in Cavite province, were annexed by the city. Today, Cavite City includes the communities of San Antonio (Cañacao and Sangley Point), the southern districts of Santa Cruz and Dalahican, and the outlying islands of the province, such as the historic Corregidor Island.
Nalut District
Nalut (Arabic: نالوت Nālūt) is one of the districts of Libya located in the country's north-west. Its capital is the city of Nalut. The second most notable city is Ghadames. To the north and west, Nalut district borders Tunisia (Medenine and Tataouine Governatorates) and Algeria.  Domestically, it borders Nuqat al Khams - northeast, Jabal al Gharbi in the east, and Wadi al Shatii in the south. In 2007, Nalut District was enlarged to include the Ghadames District, while the eastern part of the former Nalut was moved to Jabal al Gharbi.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 and the average size of household in the country was 6.9. There were a total of 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 Libyan ones. The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per km2.

Jabal al Gharbi District
Jabal al Gharbi (Arabic: الجبل الغربي Al Ǧabal al Gharbi, English: The Western Mountain) is one of the districts of Libya. It is named after the Nafusa Mountains. It was formed in 2007 from the former districts of Yafran, Gharyan and Mizda.  From 1995 to 1998 Jabal al Gharbi also existed as a Baladiyah or municipality. Jabal al Gharbi borders Sirte and Misrata to the east, Murqub to the northeast, Tripoli, Jafara and Zawiya to the north, Nuqat al Khams to the northwest, Nalut to the west, Wadi al Shatii to the south and Jufra to the southeast.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 with 150,353 Libyans. The average size of the household in the country was 6.9, while the average household size of non-Libyans being 3.7. There were totally 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 Libyan ones.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per km2.
Per 2006 census, there were totally 104,584 economically active people in the district.
Latter Deposed Emperor of Liu Song
The Latter Deposed Emperor of Liu Song (Chinese: (劉)宋後廢帝, also known as Houfeidi; 1 March 463), – 1 August 477 also known by his posthumously demoted title of Prince of Cangwu (蒼梧王), personal name Liu Yu (劉昱), courtesy name Derong (德融), childhood name Huizhen (慧震), was an emperor of the Liu Song dynasty of China.

During his brief reign as a boy emperor, he showed a knack for violence and arbitrariness, and in 477 he was killed by his general Xiao Daocheng, who made Houfeidi's brother Liu Zhun emperor but seized the throne in 479, ending Liu Song and starting Southern Qi.

Emperor Shun of Song
Emperor Shun of (Liu) Song (Chinese: (劉)宋順帝; 8 August 469 – 23 June 479), personal name Liu Zhun (劉準), courtesy name Zhongmou (仲謀), childhood name Zhiguan (智觀), was the last emperor of the Liu Song dynasty of China during the Southern dynasties era. He became emperor in August 477 after his violent older brother Emperor Houfei was assassinated by his attendant at the instigation of the general Xiao Daocheng, but in his brief reign he was effectively Xiao's puppet. In 479, Xiao forced him to yield the throne to Xiao, ending Liu Song and starting Southern Qi. Later that year, the former Emperor Shun was killed by guards who were supposed to protect him, and the Liu clan was soon slaughtered as well.
Ambachew Mekonnen
Ambachew Mekonnen (Ge'ez: አምባቸው መኮንን; c. 1971 – 22 June 2019) was an Ethiopian politician and economist who served as the president of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia from March 2019 until his assassination in a coup attempt on June 22, 2019.

Amhara Region coup attempt
The 2019 Amhara Region coup d'état attempt was an attempted coup d'état against the Amhara Regional government on 22 June 2019, during which factions of the Amhara Region's Peace and Security Bureau assassinated the Amhara Regional President Ambachew Mekonnen. A bodyguard siding with the nationalist factions also assassinated General Se'are Mekonnen, the Chief of General Staff of the Ethiopian National Defense Force, as well as his aide Major General Gizae Aberra.

The prime minister's office accused Brigadier General Asaminew Tsige, head of the Amhara Region's Peace and Security Bureau, of leading the plot. Asaminew was later shot dead after escaping.
Samuel C. C. Ting
Chao Chung Ting (Chinese: 丁肇中; pinyin: Dīng Zhàozhōng, born January 27, 1936), also known by his English name Samuel, is a Taiwanese-American particle physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976 with Burton Richter for discovering the subatomic J/ψ particle. He is the Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Burton Richter
Burton Richter (March 22, 1931 – July 18, 2018) was an American physicist. He led the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) team which co-discovered the J/ψ meson in 1974, alongside the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) team led by Samuel Ting for which they won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1976. This discovery was part of the November Revolution of particle physics. He was the SLAC director from 1984 to 1999.
Shire Books
Shire Books are published by Bloomsbury Publishing, a book publishing company based in London, England, and formerly by Shire Publications Ltd. and Osprey Publishing. Shire offers low-priced, concise non-fiction paperbacks on a wide range of subjects. Shire books cover antiques and collectables, motoring and rural history, archaeology and Egyptology, architecture, industrial history and many other topics.

Osprey Publishing
Osprey Publishing is a British publishing company specializing in military history formerly based in Oxford. Predominantly an illustrated publisher, many of their books contain full-colour artwork plates, maps and photographs, and the company produces over a dozen ongoing series, each focusing on a specific aspect of the history of warfare. Their publications include the Men-at-Arms series, running to over 500 titles, with each book dedicated to a specific historical army or military unit. Osprey is an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.
Amytis of Media
Amytis of Media (c. 630-565 BCE; Median: *ᴴumati; Ancient Greek: Ancient Greek: Αμυτις, romanized: Amutis; Latin: Amytis) was a queen of Babylon, wife of Nebuchadnezzar II and daughter of the Median king Cyaxares.

Cyaxares
Cyaxares was the third king of the Medes. He ascended to the throne in 625 BC, after his father Phraortes lost his life in a battle against the Assyrians, probably Ashurbanipal. Assyrian allies, the Scythians then ruled Media for 28 years before Cyaxeres overthrew Scythian domination and became king.

Cyaxares collaborated with the Babylonians to destroy the Assyrian Empire, and united most of the Iranian peoples of ancient Iran, thereby transforming Media into a major power.
CBTF (high school)
CBTF (Centro de Bachillerato Tecnologico Forestal is a chain of Mexican high schools (known in Mexico as preparatorias) which offers programs to upgrade the regular degree to a technical-professional level. CBTF has campuses in four states.

All CBTF jointly with all CBTA high schools are part of the technical school of the Dirección General de Educación Tecnológica Agropecuaria (DGETA), and are dependent of Secretaría de Educación Pública of Mexico.

CBTA (high school)
CBTA (Centro de Bachillerato Tecnologico Agropecuario is a chain of Mexican high schools (known in Mexico as preparatorias) which offers programs to upgrade the regular degree to a technical-professional level. CBTA has campuses in 31 states.

All CBTA jointly with all CBTF high schools are part of the technical school of the DGETA, and are dependent of Secretaría de Educación Pública of Mexico.
Jill Schupp
Jill Schupp (née Seltzer; born January 27, 1955) is an American politician and a former Democratic member of the Missouri Senate, representing the 24th district consisting of the western suburbs of St. Louis from 2015 to 2023. Previously, Schupp represented the 88th district in the Missouri House of Representatives.

On December 3, 2019, she announced she would run for Missouri's 2nd congressional district in 2020. Schupp won the primary but was defeated by incumbent Republican Ann Wagner in the general election.

Ann Wagner
Ann Louise Wagner (née Trousdale; born September 13, 1962) is an American politician and former diplomat serving as the U.S. representative for Missouri's 2nd congressional district since 2013. A member of the Republican Party, she was the United States ambassador to Luxembourg from 2005 to 2009.

Her district, located mostly in St. Louis County, is heavily suburban and the state's wealthiest. It includes most of St. Louis's southern and western suburbs as well as some of the northern exurbs in St. Charles County and the northern part of Jefferson County. Before her diplomatic post, Wagner chaired the Missouri Republican Party from 1999 until 2005; she co-chaired the Republican National Committee for four years, starting in 2001. She is generally regarded as being part of the moderate bloc of her party.
Eta Upsilon Gamma
Eta Upsilon Gamma (ΗΥΓ) was an American collegiate junior sorority. It formed in 1901, and was active through at least 1968. The sorority was a founding member of the National Junior College Panhellenic.

National Junior College Panhellenic
The National Junior College Panhellenic (NJCP), also known as the National College Panhellenic of Junior College Sororities, was an umbrella association for American junior college sororities. NJCP was established in 1914.
Rajasthan cricket team
The Rajasthan cricket team is a cricket team which represents the Indian state of Rajasthan. The team won the Ranji Trophy in the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, having finished runners-up eight times between 1960–61 and 1973-74. It is currently in the Ranji Trophy Elite group. It is run by the Rajasthan Cricket Association and is popularly known as "Team Rajasthan".

Rajasthan Cricket Association
The Rajasthan Cricket Association (RCA) is the governing body for cricket in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Headquartered in Jaipur, the RCA oversees the administration of cricket at the state level, including the selection and management of the Rajasthan cricket team, which competes in domestic tournaments such as the Ranji Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. The RCA is affiliated with the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
Self-clocking signal
In telecommunications and electronics, a self-clocking signal is one that can be decoded without the need for a separate clock signal or other source of synchronization. This is usually done by including embedded synchronization information within the signal, and adding constraints on the coding of the data payload such that false synchronization can easily be detected.

Most line codes are designed to be self-clocking.

Clock signal
In electronics and especially synchronous digital circuits, a clock signal (historically also known as logic beat) is an electronic logic signal (voltage or current) which oscillates between a high and a low state at a constant frequency and is used like a metronome to synchronize actions of digital circuits.  In a synchronous logic circuit, the most common type of digital circuit, the clock signal is applied to all storage devices, flip-flops and latches, and causes them all to change state simultaneously, preventing race conditions.

A clock signal is produced by an electronic oscillator called a clock generator.  The most common clock signal is in the form of a square wave with a 50% duty cycle.   Circuits using the clock signal for synchronization may become active at either the rising edge, falling edge, or, in the case of double data rate, both in the rising and in the falling edges of the clock cycle.
Kris Weston
Kristian "Kris" Weston (a.k.a. Thrash) (born 1972) is a British electronic musician, producer and remixer best known for his work as a member of the Orb. Around the beginning of his career, he worked with Andrew Weatherall on remixes of Meat Beat Manifesto, remixed for Primal Scream, Saint Etienne, U2 and others. He was still a teen when working on the first few albums by the Orb.

Thrash was with the Orb for around five years, during their most popular period from around 1990 to the end of 1995. He appeared on the Orb albums and the many remixes they did during this period, including the album FFWD, a collaboration with Robert Fripp that is credited to Fripp, Thomas Fehlmann, Weston, and Alex Paterson. He also worked with Fortran 5 on their first album Blues.

Alex Paterson
Alex Paterson (also known as Dr Alex Paterson, born Duncan Alexander Robert Paterson; 15 October 1959) is an English musician and co-founder of ambient house group the Orb, in which he has worked since its inception in 1988.
Bluebeard
"Bluebeard" (French: Barbe bleue [baʁb(ə) blø]) is a French folktale, the most famous surviving version of which was written by Charles Perrault and first published by Claude Barbin in Paris in 1697 in Histoires ou contes du temps passé. The tale is about a wealthy man in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of the present one to avoid the fate of her predecessors. "The White Dove", "The Robber Bridegroom", and "Fitcher's Bird" (also called "Fowler's Fowl") are tales similar to "Bluebeard". The notoriety of the tale is such that Merriam-Webster gives the word Bluebeard the definition of "a man who marries and kills one wife after another". The verb bluebearding has even appeared as a way to describe the crime of either killing a series of women, or seducing and abandoning a series of women.

The White Dove (French fairy tale)
The White Dove  is a French fairy tale collected by Gaston Maugard in Contes des Pyrénées.

It is Aarne-Thompson type 312, and an oral variant of the type, which is best known by the literary tale, Bluebeard.
Maria of Castile
Maria of Castile (14 September 1401 – 4 September 1458) was Queen of Aragon and Naples as the spouse of Alfonso V of Aragon. Maria acted twice as the regent of Aragon during the reign of her spouse, as he was absent during most of his reign; those regencies lasted between 1420 and 1423 and between 1432 and 1458. She was also briefly Princess of Asturias in her own right as the heiress presumptive to the throne of Castile. She succeeded her father, Henry III of Castile, as Princess of Asturias in 1402.

Henry III of Castile
Henry III of Castile (4 October 1379 – 25 December 1406), called the Suffering due to his ill health (Spanish: Enrique el Doliente, Galician: Henrique o Doente), was the son of John I and Eleanor of Aragon. He succeeded his father as King of Castile in 1390.
Jersey City and Albany Railway
The Jersey City and Albany Railway was a railway company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1878 to acquire the property of the bankrupt Jersey City and Albany Railroad. It extended that company's line 13 miles (21 km) north, from Tappan, New York, to Haverstraw, New York. The company was consolidated with the North River Railway in 1881 to form the North River Railroad. Its line eventually became part of the West Shore Railroad main line.

Jersey City and Albany Railroad
The Jersey City and Albany Railroad was a railway company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1873 and that year completed a 13-mile (21 km) line between Ridgefield, New Jersey, and Tappan, New York. The company was reorganized as the Jersey City and Albany Railway in 1878. Its line eventually became part of the West Shore Railroad main line.
William Drummond, 1st Viscount Strathallan
William Drummond, 1st Viscount of Strathallan, Lord Drummond of Cromlix (1617? – 1688), was a Scottish soldier and politician. He served as a Commissioner for Perthshire in the parliaments of 1669–74, 1681–82 and 1685–86, and at the Convention of Estates of 1678.

Drummond was a Royalist general and held a command in the Engagement of 1648. He served in Ireland under the Marquis of Ormonde and was taken prisoner at the
Battle of Worcester, but escaped.

He served as Lieutenant-General in the Muscovite army. After the Restoration he was appointed Major-General of the forces in Scotland (1666).

Drummond was imprisoned for 12 months in Dumbarton Castle. He served as General of the Ordnance (1684), general of the forces in Scotland, and was a Lord of the Treasury on the accession of James VII.

Viscount Strathallan
The title of Lord Maderty was created in 1609 for James Drummond, a younger son of the 2nd Lord Drummond of Cargill. The titles of Viscount Strathallan and Lord Drummond of Cromlix were created in 1686 for William Drummond, a younger son of the 2nd Lord Madderty. Both creations were in the Peerage of Scotland, and are now held by the Earl of Perth.

The ancestral seat of the Viscounts Strathallan was Strathallan Castle in Perthshire.

The 10th Viscount Strathallan had made the estate's Dower house Machany House his primary residence by the time he died in 1893. During the early 1900s Strathallan Castle had been leased to Graeme Whitelaw M.P.. Following Whitelaw's departure from the district, in 1910 William Drummond, 11th Viscount Strathallan (who had also succeeded a distant cousin as Earl of Perth in 1902) sold the ancestral Strathmore Estates at Strathallan, Tullibardine, and Machany, which comprised 7,322 acres to industrialist Sir James Roberts, 1st Baronet.
Anderson Lake (Saskatchewan)
Anderson Lake, also known as Saltcoats Lake, is a lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is in the Rural Municipality of Saltcoats No. 213 and adjacent to the town of Saltcoats. At 60.7 hectares (150 acres), it is a small lake with a regional park at its southern end and public trails along the eastern shore. The outflow is from the southern end and it flows north-west where it meets up with Yorkton Creek.

Saltcoats, Saskatchewan
Saltcoats is a town in east-central Saskatchewan near the Manitoba border in Canada. The town's population was 474 in 2011. It was built in the late 19th century, and its economy was driven by the railway. There is no longer a passenger service to the town.
Endocardial cushions
Endocardial cushions, or atrioventricular cushions, refer to a subset of cells in the development of the heart that play a vital role in the proper formation of the heart septa.

They develop on the atrioventricular canal and conotruncal region of the bulbus cordis.

During heart development, the heart starts out as a tube. As heart development continues, this tube undergoes remodeling to eventually form the four-chambered heart. The endocardial cushions are a subset of cells found in the developing heart tube that will give rise to the heart's primitive valves and septa, critical to the proper formation of a four-chambered heart.

Heart development
Heart development, also known as cardiogenesis, refers to the prenatal development of the heart. This begins with the formation of two endocardial tubes which merge to form the tubular heart, also called the primitive heart tube. The heart is the first functional organ in vertebrate embryos.

The tubular heart quickly differentiates into the truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, and the sinus venosus. The truncus arteriosus splits into the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis forms part of the ventricles. The sinus venosus connects to the fetal circulation.

The heart tube elongates on the right side, looping and becoming the first visual sign of left-right asymmetry of the body. Septa form within the atria and ventricles to separate the left and right sides of the heart.
Cavalese
Cavalese (Cavalés in local dialect, Gablöss in local german dialect) is a comune of 4,004 inhabitants in Trentino, northern Italy, a ski resort and the main center in the Fiemme Valley. It is part of the Magnifica Comunità di Fiemme (Magnificent Community of Fiemme) and, together with Predazzo, is the administrative, cultural and historical center of the valley.
The town is a renowned tourist location, during winter for cross-country and alpine skiing, and during summer for excursions. The cable car from Cavalese to the nearby mountain Cermis has been the site of two major cable-car accidents, one in 1976 and one in 1998.

1976 Cavalese cable car crash
The Cavalese cable car crash is the deadliest cable car crash in history. On 9 March 1976, the steel supporting cable broke as a fully loaded cable car was descending from Mt. Cermis, near the Italian ski resort of Cavalese in the Dolomites, 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Trento. The cause of the disaster was an overlap of the carrier cable with the support cable near the first pylon, which resulted in the carrier shearing the support cable.