hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Interchange File Format
Interchange File Format (IFF) is a generic digital container file format originally introduced by Electronic Arts (in cooperation with Commodore) in 1985 to facilitate transfer of data between software produced by different companies.

IFF files do not have any standard filename extension. On many systems that generate IFF files, file extensions are not important because the operating system stores file format metadata separately from the file name. The .iff filename extension is commonly used for the ILBM image file format, which uses the IFF container format.

Resource Interchange File Format is a format developed by Microsoft and IBM in 1991 that is based on IFF, except the byte order has been changed to little-endian to match the x86 microprocessor architecture. Apple's Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is a big-endian audio file format developed from IFF. The TIFF image file format is not related to IFF.

ILBM
Interleaved Bitmap (ILBM) is an image file format conforming to the Interchange File Format (IFF) standard. The format originated on the Amiga platform, and on IBM-compatible systems, files in this format or the related PBM (Planar Bitmap) format are typically encountered in games from late 1980s and early 1990s that were either Amiga ports or had their graphical assets designed on Amiga machines.

A characteristic feature of the format is that it stores bitmaps in the form of interleaved bit planes, which gives the format its name; this reflects the way the Amiga graphics hardware natively reads graphics data from memory. PackBits, a simple form of compression is supported to make ILBM files more compact.

On the Amiga, these files are not associated with a particular file extension, though as they started being used on PC systems where extensions are systematically used, they employed a .lbm or occasionally a .pbm extension.
Lumen (website)
Lumen, formerly Chilling Effects, is an American collaborative archive created by Wendy Seltzer and operated by the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. It allows recipients of cease-and-desist notices to submit them to the site and receive information about their legal rights and responsibilities.

The archive was founded in 2001 with several law school clinics and the Electronic Frontier Foundation to protect lawful online activity from legal threats. Originally located in San Francisco, California, Lumen later moved its operations to Massachusetts.

Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society
The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on the study of cyberspace. Founded at Harvard Law School, the center traditionally focused on internet-related legal issues. On May 15, 2008, the center was elevated to an interfaculty initiative of Harvard University as a whole. It is named after the Berkman family. On July 5, 2016, the center added "Klein" to its name following a gift of $15 million from Michael R. Klein.
Grand Loop Road
The Grand Loop Road is a historic district which encompasses the primary road system in Yellowstone National Park. Much of the 140-mile (230 km) system was originally planned by Captain Hiram M. Chittenden of the US Army Corps of Engineers in the early days of the park, when it was under military administration.  The Grand Loop Road provides access to the major features of the park, including the Upper, Midway and Lower geyser basins, Mammoth Hot Springs, Tower Fall, the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone and Yellowstone Lake.

A number of other historic districts adjoin the Grand Loop in Yellowstone, including Mammoth Hot Springs, North Entrance Road, Roosevelt Lodge, Lake Fish Hatchery and Old Faithful historic districts.

Grand Loop Rd. includes unsigned portions of US 20, US 89, US 191 and US 287, all of which traverse the park. The road was named by Harry W. Frantz in 1923, who served as the park's publicist before beginning a long career as a journalist.

Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District
The Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District is a 158-acre (64 ha) historic district in Yellowstone National Park comprising the administrative center for the park.  It is composed of two major parts: Fort Yellowstone, the military administrative center between 1886 and 1918, and now a National Historic Landmark, and a concessions district which provides food, shopping, services, and lodging for park visitors and employees. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 20, 2002, for its significance in architecture, conservation, entertainment/recreation, and military. The district includes 189 contributing buildings.
Cadillac de Ville series
The Cadillac DeVille is a model name used by Cadillac over eight generations, originally to designate a trim level of the 1949 Cadillac Series 62 and later for a standalone model in the brand range. The last model marketed specifically as a DeVille was the 2005 full-size sedan, at the time, Cadillac's largest model.

For 2006, the DeVille nameplate was retired, when the model line was carried forward (with minor revisions) as the Cadillac DTS,   (DeVille Touring Sedan) using a nomenclature adopted by the Cadillac STS  (Seville Touring Sedan) and CTS (Catera Touring Sedan).

Cadillac DTS
The Cadillac DTS (an initialism of DeVille Touring Sedan) is a full-size car that was built by the American company Cadillac from 2005 until May 2011. It is a four-door sedan that comes in five- or six-seat variants. The DTS debuted at the 2005 Chicago Auto Show and was manufactured at GM's Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly factory. It uses GM's G-platform for front-engine, front-wheel-drive automobiles. The DTS was a very mildly revised iteration of the eighth-generation Deville, using the brand's new naming convention, set by the CTS and STS. Writing for the Los Angeles Times, noted reviewer Warren Brown called the DTS "a large, exceptionally comfortable front-wheel-drive luxury sedan."
Great Kings' War
Great Kings' War is an English language science fiction novel by John F. Carr and Roland J. Green, a sequel to H. Beam Piper's Lord Kalvan of Otherwhen. It continues the story of Corporal Calvin Morrison after he is transported to another timeline by a Paratime conveyor.  The book was released in two editions, one in 1985  and the revised and expanded edition in 2000 .

Having saved his new nation of Hos-Hostigos from destruction only last year, Calvin Morrison (now King Kalvan) faces the House of Styphon in a new military campaign.  Kalvan once more draws upon his knowledge of his home timeline's military history to meet a greater threat.

Kalvan series
The Kalvan series is a series of science fiction novels started by H. Beam Piper and continued by his authority John F. Carr, about a Pennsylvania police officer who is transported to an alternate world. The series is part of Piper's Paratime series and features many of the characters from that series. The police officer, Calvin Morrison, is picked up by a "cross-time flying saucer" (really a Paratime conveyor) and dropped off in an alternate Pennsylvania where "Aryans" (speakers of Indo-European languages) migrated east across Asia and the Pacific Ocean and arrived in North America. This is different from the real world, where they moved west into Europe.
Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Tour
The Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Tour was a series of Chess960 tournaments in 2025 organized by Freestyle Chess Operations. It consisted of five "Grand Slam" tournaments following a format similar to the Freestyle Chess G.O.A.T. Challenge, held in 2024. Players scored points based on placement in each event, with the player with the highest score at the end of the year becoming the Freestyle Chess Champion.

The final event of the tour was held in Cape Town, South Africa, in December 2025. Levon Aronian went undefeated, beating Magnus Carlsen to win the event. Due to his performance in previous rounds, Carlsen, who won two of the five events, was the overall winner of the tour. The top six players — Carlsen, Aronian, Fabiano Caruana, Vincent Keymer, Javokhir Sindarov, and Arjun Erigaisi — qualified to the Freestyle Chess World Championship, set for February 13 to 15, 2026.

FIDE Freestyle Chess World Championship 2026
The FIDE Freestyle Chess World Championship 2026 was the first Freestyle Chess World Championship and third official World Chess960 Championship, organized by FIDE and Freestyle Chess Operations. The competition had followed a format similar to the previous editions held in 2019 and 2022; an online play-in open to all titled players determined one player to join seven invited players in the over-the-board final, which took place at the Schloss Weissenhaus resort in Wangels, Germany from 13 to 15 February 2026. Magnus Carlsen won the championship after defeating Fabiano Caruana in the final, securing his maiden Chess960 title and twenty-first world title of his career.

The incumbent Chess960 champion, Hikaru Nakamura, had declined the invitation to defend his title.
2021 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2021 Men's EuroHockey Championship was the 18th edition of the Men's EuroHockey Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

The tournament was held alongside the women's tournament at the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands and was originally scheduled to take place from 20 to 29 August 2021. However, following the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics to July and August 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was rescheduled and took place from 4 to 13 June 2021.

The top five teams qualified for the 2023 FIH Hockey World Cup. The hosts Netherlands won the tournament for the sixth time, beating Germany in a 4–1 penalty shoot out after a 2–2 tie. The previous title holders Belgium won the bronze medal, defeating England with 3–2.

2021 Women's EuroHockey Championship
The 2021 Women's EuroHockey Championship was the 15th edition of the Women's EuroHockey Championship, the biennial international women's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

The tournament was held alongside the men's tournament at the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands and was originally scheduled to take place from 20 to 29 August 2021. However, following the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics to July and August 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was rescheduled and takes place from 5 to 13 June 2021.

The top three teams not already qualified qualified for the 2022 World Cup. The hosts Netherlands won the tournament for the eleventh time, beating Germany 2–0. Belgium won the bronze medal, defeating Spain with 3–1.
Fox (international)
Fox is a defunct series of international television channels which used to be operated by Fox Networks Group, a division of 21st Century Fox. The network was affiliated with Fox Broadcasting Company from its inception until Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox in 2019.

In the following years, several Fox networks worldwide were renamed, with most adopting the formerly Asian-centric brand Star based upon the Star hub available on Disney+ with most channels transitioned to being branded as Star Channel, while networks in the Baltic states, CIS, Greece and Poland instead transitioned to being branded as FX, and certain other networks were discontinued outright due to refocus for Disney+.

FX (international)
FX is an international television channel brand stemming from the eponymous American standard or premium cable television channel and is owned by FX Networks, a subsidiary of the Disney Entertainment business segment of the Walt Disney Company.
Pyramid G3-c
G3-c (also G3c, G3 c, GIIIc) is one of the three satellite pyramids of the larger Pyramid of Menkaure, located at the Giza pyramid complex. This structure is situated south of the main pyramid and is the westernmost of the three satellites.

The American archaeologist George Andrew Reisner speculated that either this pyramid or G3-b may have been meant for Menkaure's half-sister, Shepsetkau, the daughter of Meresankh III and Khafre.

The pyramid was built during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, presumably for one of the wives of Menkaure. The surface of the pyramid is stepped, consisting of four platforms that decrease toward the top. The pyramid's base is 31.24 metres (102.5 ft) square, and its height is 21.2 metres (70 ft).

Pyramid G3-b
G3-b (also G3b, G3 b, GIIIb) is one of the three satellite pyramids of the larger Pyramid of Menkaure, located at the Giza pyramid complex. Situated south of the main pyramid between satellites G3-a and G3-c, this structure contained the body of a woman.

The pyramid was built during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, presumably for one of the wives of Menkaure. The American archaeologist George Andrew Reisner has speculated that the queen buried in the pyramid may have been Menkaure's half-sister, Shepsetkau, the daughter of Meresankh III and Khafre. The surface of the pyramid is stepped, consisting of four platforms that decrease toward the top. The pyramid's base is 31.24 metres (102.5 ft) square.
Corral Hollow
Corral Hollow, is a 10 miles (16 km) long canyon in a middle reach of Corral Hollow Creek, which drains the eastern flank of the Diablo Range. The canyon's western half is in Alameda County, and its eastern half is in San Joaquin County. Once it is joined by its Elk Ravine tributary at elevation 400 feet (120 m), the canyon ends and Corral Hollow Creek's continue eastward ultimately to the San Joaquin River watershed.

Corral Hollow Creek
Corral Hollow Creek, originally El Arroyo de los Buenos Ayres (The Creek of the Good Winds), is an ephemeral/semi-perennial 31.4-mile-long (50.5 km) stream that drains the eastern side of the Diablo Range and flows through Alameda and San Joaquin Counties to California's San Joaquin Valley, where it joins the Delta–Mendota Canal.
Producer gas
Producer gas is a fuel gas manufactured by blowing air and steam simultaneously through a coke or coal fire. It mainly consists of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), as well as substantial amounts of nitrogen (N2). The caloric value of the producer gas is low (mainly because of its high nitrogen content), and the technology is obsolete.  Improvements over producer gas, also obsolete, include water gas, where the solid fuel is treated intermittently with air and steam, and, far more efficiently, synthesis gas, where the solid fuel is replaced with methane.

In the US, producer gas may also be referred to by other names based on the fuel used for production, such as wood gas. Producer gas may also be referred to as suction gas, referring to the way the air was drawn into the gas generator by an internal combustion engine.

Water gas
Water gas is a kind of fuel gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.  It is produced by "alternately hot blowing a fuel layer [coke] with air and gasifying it with steam".  The caloric yield of the fuel produced by this method is about 10% of the yield from a modern syngas plant. The coke needed to produce water gas also costs significantly more than the precursors for syngas (mainly methane from natural gas), making water gas technology an even less attractive business proposition.
Marina Peninsula, Los Angeles
Marina Peninsula is a  neighborhood in western Los Angeles, California. It is often considered a subsection of the adjacent neighborhood of Venice. Because of its name it is sometimes erroneously thought to be part of the adjacent community of Marina del Rey, California, but it was annexed to Los Angeles along with the rest of Venice in 1925.

Marina Peninsula lies directly west of Marina del Rey and west of the main Venice Canal, south and southeast of Venice Beach, and north of Ballona Creek. Its northern border is marked by Washington Boulevard. It houses about 3,000 mostly affluent residents.

Neighborhood organizations include the Marina Peninsula Community Council (an elected advisory board) and the Marina Peninsula Property Owners Association. It is part of the Venice Neighborhood Council.

All of the street names are alphabetical and nautical, starting with Anchorage Street and ending with Yawl Street. The Silver Strand is a subsection of Marina Peninsula.

Venice, Los Angeles
Venice is a neighborhood of the City of Los Angeles within the Westside region of Los Angeles County, California, United States.

Venice was founded by Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it was annexed by the city of Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, a beach, and Ocean Front Walk, a  2+1⁄2-mile (4-kilometer) pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, and vendors.
Downtown Morgantown Historic District
The Downtown Morgantown Historic District is a federally designated historic district  in Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. The district, encompassing approximately 75 acres, has 122 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites including commercial and public buildings, residences, and churches. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 2, 1996. Ten of the contributing buildings are listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. Significant structures located within the historic district are the Monongalia County Courthouse, the Metropolitan Theater, and the Old Morgantown Post Office (currently the Monongalia Arts Center).

Monongalia Arts Center
The Monongalia Arts Center, or MAC, is located in Morgantown, West Virginia near the campus of West Virginia University.  The MAC opened to the public in 1978 as a non-profit arts and culture center, which it remains today.  The MAC's mission is "to provide a home for the arts where the work of visual and performing artists is showcased and interest in the arts is nurtured through ongoing educational programs." The building hosts two galleries, a theatre for the performing arts, and is undergoing production on other projects, including an Internet radio station and the establishment of the Tanner Theatre as a regular venue for touring bands. The building is also recognized on the National Register of Historic Places.
Tenodera aridifolia
Tenodera aridifolia, the Japanese giant mantis, is a species of mantis in the subfamily Tenoderinae. The Chinese mantis, T. sinensis, was once considered to be a subspecies of T. aridifolia, but the species can be distinguished by the shape of male genitalia.

Chinese mantis
The Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis) is a species of mantis native to Asia and the nearby islands. In 1896, this species was accidentally introduced by a nursery tender at Mt. Airy near Philadelphia, United States. Tenodera sinensis often is erroneously referred to as Tenodera aridifolia sinensis because it was at first described as a subspecies of Tenodera aridifolia, but Tenodera sinensis is now established as a full species.

Tenodera sinensis feeds primarily on other insects, though adult females sometimes catch small vertebrates. For example, they have been observed feeding on hornets, spiders, grasshoppers, katydids, small reptiles, amphibians, and even hummingbirds. Like most mantids, they are known to be cannibalistic. One study found that cannibalism occurs in up to 50% of matings. These mantids have been observed eating the larvae of monarch butterflies, while discarding the entrails.
Battle of Tenmokuzan
The 1582 Battle of Tenmokuzan (天目山の戦い, Tenmokuzan no Tatakai) in Japan, is regarded as the last stand of the Takeda clan. This was the final attempt by Takeda Katsuyori to resist the forces of Oda Nobunaga, who had been campaigning against him for some time. In his bid to hide from his pursuers, Katsuyori burned his fortress at Shinpu Castle and fled into the mountains, to another Takeda stronghold, called Iwadono, held by Oyamada Nobushige, an old Takeda retainer.  Katsuyori was denied entry by Oyamada, and committed suicide with his wife, while the last remnant of his army held off their pursuers.

Shinpu Castle
Shinpu Castle (新府城, Shinpu-jō) was a Sengoku period hirayama-style Japanese castle located in what is now part of the city of Nirasaki, Yamanashi prefecture. It was the primary fortress of the warlord Takeda Katsuyori. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1973.
Hellraiser: Deader
Hellraiser: Deader (also known as Hellraiser VII: Deader) is a 2005 American supernatural horror film and the seventh installment in the Hellraiser series. Directed by Rick Bota, the original script was written by Neal Marshall Stevens. As with Hellraiser: Hellseeker it began as an unrelated spec script, which was subsequently rewritten (by Tim Day) as a Hellraiser film. Like Inferno, series creator Clive Barker did not have an involvement in the production. The film stars Kari Wuhrer, Paul Rhys, Simon Kunz, and Doug Bradley.

Deader was filmed on location in Romania in 2002. It saw only a handful of isolated preview screenings in the following years before finally being released straight to video in the United States on June 7, 2005.

Hellraiser: Hellseeker
Hellraiser: Hellseeker (also known as Hellraiser VI: Hellseeker) is a 2002 supernatural horror film directed by Rick Bota and written by Carl V. Dupré and Tim Day. The sixth film in the Hellraiser series, it features the return of Kirsty Cotton, the heroine from Hellraiser and its sequel. The film stars Dean Winters, Ashley Laurence, and Doug Bradley.

The film was made in 2001 in Vancouver, British Columbia and released straight to video in the United States on October 15, 2002.
Compression ratio
The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine.

A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. The simpler way is the static compression ratio:
in a reciprocating engine, this is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to that volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke. The dynamic compression ratio is a more advanced calculation which also takes into account gases entering and exiting the cylinder during the compression phase.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.
Ilya Ulyanov
Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov OSV (Russian: Илья Николаевич Ульянов; 31 July [O.S. 19 July] 1831 – 24 January [O.S. 12 January] 1886) was a Russian public figure in the field of public education. He was the father of revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, who became a Bolshevik leader and founder of the Soviet Union, and Aleksandr Ulyanov, who was executed for his attempt to assassinate Tsar Alexander III in 1886.

Aleksandr Ulyanov
Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Улья́нов; 12 April [O.S. 31 March] 1866 – 20 May [O.S. 8 May] 1887) was a Russian revolutionary and political activist who was executed for planning an assassination against Alexander III of Russia. He was the elder brother of Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union; his execution pushed his younger brother into activism.