hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Principality of Erfurt
The Principality of Erfurt (German: Fürstentum Erfurt; French: Principauté d'Erfurt) was a small state in modern Thuringia, Germany, that existed from 1807 to 1814, comprising the modern city of Erfurt and the surrounding land. It was subordinate directly to Napoleon, the Emperor of the French, rather than being a part of the Confederation of the Rhine. In 1814 after over seven months of siege, the city fell to Prussian, Austrian and Russian forces. Having mainly been Prussian territory before the Napoleonic Wars, most of the lands were restored to Prussia by the Congress of Vienna.

Confederation of the Rhine
The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. Its creation brought about the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire shortly afterward. The Confederation of the Rhine lasted for only seven years, from 1806 to 1813, dissolving after Napoleon's defeat in the  War of the Sixth Coalition.

The founding members of the confederation were German princes of the Holy Roman Empire. They were later joined by 19 others, altogether ruling a total of over 15 million people. This granted a significant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern frontier by providing a buffer between France and the two largest German states, Prussia and Austria (which also controlled substantial non-German lands).
Spacecraft retirement
The retirement of a spacecraft refers to the discontinuation of a spacecraft from active service. This can involve deorbiting the spacecraft, discontinuing the probes operations, passivating, or loss of contact with it. One notable example of spacecraft retirement is Cassini's retirement in 2017.

Cassini retirement
The Cassini space probe was deliberately disposed of via a controlled fall into Saturn's atmosphere on September 15, 2017, ending its nearly two-decade-long mission. This method was chosen to prevent biological contamination of any of the moons of Saturn now thought to offer potentially habitable environments. Factors that influenced the mission end method included the amount of rocket fuel left, 33 kg (73 lb) of plutonium-238, the health of the spacecraft, and funding for operations on Earth.

Some possibilities for Cassini's later stages were aerobraking into orbit around Titan, leaving the Saturn system, or making close approaches and/or changing its orbit. For example, it could have collected solar wind data in a heliocentric orbit.
Julio Pinedo
Don Julio Bonifaz Pinedo y Pinedo (born 19 February 1942) is the ceremonial king of the Afro-Bolivian community of the Nor Yungas province, crowned in 1992, forty years after the death of the previous king, his grandfather Bonifacio Pinedo. His coronation took place during a Catholic ceremony in the chapel at the hacienda of the Marquis de Pinedo.

Bonifacio Pinedo
Don Bonifacio Pinedo (1888 – 1954) was the King of the Afro-Bolivians from 1932 to 1954. As the ceremonial king, he presided over religious festivities celebrating Saint Benedict the Moor and was responsible for matchmaking in the Afro-Bolivian community. His role was suppressed during the Bolivian National Revolution.
AmeriKKKant
AmeriKKKant is the fourteenth studio album by industrial metal band Ministry, which was released on March 9, 2018. It is their first release on Nuclear Blast, and marked the longest gap between studio albums in the group's entire career; at five years, following From Beer to Eternity (2013). AmeriKKKant is also the first Ministry album without guitarist Mike Scaccia since The Last Sucker (2007); Scaccia died in 2012 but appeared posthumously on From Beer to Eternity.

Much like the band's previous Anti-George W. Bush Trilogy (Houses of the Molé, Rio Grande Blood, and The Last Sucker), AmeriKKKant is a concept album about then-US President Donald Trump. The majority of the tracks on the album contains audio samples of Trump.

From Beer to Eternity
From Beer to Eternity is the thirteenth studio album by American industrial metal band Ministry, released on September 6, 2013, by 13th Planet Records. Although frontman Al Jourgensen had previously stated that this was going to be Ministry's final album (following the death of guitarist Mike Scaccia, who appears posthumously), a follow-up album, AmeriKKKant, was released in 2018. From Beer to Eternity was also the first Ministry album since Houses of the Molé (2004) not to feature Tommy Victor on guitars or bass.

The sole single from the album, "PermaWar", was released by the iTunes Store on August 9, 2013.
Superargo Versus Diabolicus
Superargo Versus Diabolicus (Italian: Superargo contro Diabolikus, Spanish: Superargo, el hombre enmascarado) is a 1966 superhero film written and directed by Nick Nostro. It had the sequel in 1968,  Superargo and the Faceless Giants directed by Paolo Bianchini.

Superargo and the Faceless Giants
Superargo and the Faceless Giants (Italian: Superargo - L'invincibile Superman, Spanish: Superargo, el gigante, also known as Superargo, The King of Criminals and Superargo the Giant) is a 1968 Italian-Spanish science fiction-superhero film written and directed by Paolo Bianchini (here credited as "Paul Maxwell"). It is the sequel of Nick Nostro's Superargo Versus Diabolicus.
Strigula oleistrata
Strigula oleistrata is a species of foliicolous lichenised fungi in the family Strigulaceae. Previously misidentified as members of Strigula novae-zelandiae, the species was recognised in 2019. It is endemic to New Zealand, found northwards from the northern Waikato Region, and primarily grows on taraire leaves, and less commonly on tītoki leaves.

Strigula novae-zelandiae
Strigula novae-zelandiae is a species of foliicolous lichenised fungi in the family Strigulaceae. It is endemic to New Zealand, found northwards from the northern Waikato Region, and primarily grows on taraire leaves.
Roswell (TV series)
Roswell is an American science fiction television series that presents a timeline where the Roswell UFO exists, and aliens are hiding in plain sight as a trio of high school-aged teenagers. Developed, produced, and co-written by Jason Katims, the series aired on The WB from October 6, 1999 to May 21, 2001, and later on UPN from October 9, 2001 to May 14, 2002. Sixty-one episodes in total were broadcast over the show's three seasons. In the United Kingdom, the show aired as both Roswell High and Roswell.

The series is based on the Roswell High young adult book series, written by Melinda Metz and edited by Laura J. Burns, who later became staff writers for the television series.

A reimagining of the series, Roswell, New Mexico (2019–2022), aired for four seasons on the CW.

Roswell High
Roswell High is a young adult book series written by Melinda Metz and published by Pocket Books. The ten-book series chronicles the adventures of three teen aliens and their human friends, who attend the fictional Ulysses F. Olsen High in Roswell, New Mexico. The Roswell High books served as inspiration for the American science fiction television series Roswell (1999–2002), also known as Roswell High in some countries, which in turn spawned eleven spin-off books of its own and the most recent adaptation Roswell, New Mexico (2019).
Swiss Cottage tube station
Swiss Cottage is a London Underground station at Swiss Cottage, London. It was opened in 1939 as a stop on the Bakerloo line. Today, the station is on the Jubilee line between Finchley Road and St John's Wood stations. It lies in London fare zone 2, and is located at the junction of Finchley Road, Avenue Road and College Crescent. The station is a local station, with the Metropolitan line bypassing the station nearby.

Swiss Cottage is situated 550 yards (500 m) from South Hampstead station on the London Overground's Lioness line, however this is not a recognised out-of-station interchange.

St John's Wood tube station
St. John's Wood is a London Underground station. It is located in St John's Wood in the City of Westminster, north-west London. The station was opened in 1939 as a stop on the Bakerloo line. Today, it is on the Jubilee line between Swiss Cottage and Baker Street stations, and is in London fare zone 2. Essentially, St. John's Wood station is a local station with the nearby Metropolitan line bypassing this station. A Jubilee line journey between St. John's Wood and Baker Street typically takes less than three minutes.
Disruptive Pattern Material
Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) is the commonly used name of a camouflage pattern used by the British Armed Forces as well as many other armed forces worldwide, particularly in former British colonies.

The main variants of DPM are a four-colour woodland pattern, and desert patterns in two, three or four colours. The Woodland Pattern DPM was used with the mediumweight No.8 Temperate Combat Dress (c.1966/1968) and lightweight No.9 Tropical Combat Dress (c.1976). The later Desert Pattern DPM (c.late 1980s) was designated the No.5 Desert Combat Dress.

DPM has also been produced in black/white/grey Urban DPM, in various blue tones and even in purple.

DPM has been phased out in British military service, superseded by Multi-Terrain Pattern.

Multi-Terrain Pattern
The Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP) is the standard camouflage pattern of the British Armed Forces. It is a modified version of Crye’s Multicam pattern using the same colour palette but with shapes that resemble the UK’s previous DPM pattern.

As part of the British Ministry of Defence's (MOD) Personal Equipment and Common Operational Clothing (PECOC) programme, three new camouflage patterns were considered for issue to British forces. These were a revised temperate Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) using lighter colours, a new three-colour desert pattern with enhanced utility for night-time operations, and a hybrid four colour scheme using two colours from each of the previous patterns for use on webbing in all terrains.
Ivan Bolshakov
Ivan Grigoryevich Bolshakov (Russian: Ива́н Григо́рьевич Большако́в; 10 October 1902 – 19 March 1980) was a Soviet bureaucrat who was chairman of the State Committee for Cinematography and Minister of Cinematography of the Soviet Union (1939–1953).

State Committee for Cinematography
Goskino USSR (Russian: Госкино СССР) is the abbreviated name for the USSR State Committee for Cinematography (Государственный комитет по кинематографии СССР) in the Soviet Union. It was a central state directory body for Soviet film production.
Maud of Apulia
Maud of Apulia (c. 1060 – c. 1112) was a member of the Norman D’Hauteville family and a daughter of Robert Guiscard and his second wife Sikelgaita, a Lombard princess, the daughter of Guaimar IV, Prince of Salerno. She was also known as Mahalda, Mahault, Mafalda and Matilda. She was the wife of Ramón Berenguer II, and thus Countess of Barcelona (1077–1082). After her husband’s death, she remarried Aimery I, the Viscount of Narbonne (1086–1108).

Sikelgaita
Sikelgaita (also Sichelgaita, Sigelgaita, or Gaita) (c. 1040 – 16 April 1090) was a Lombard princess, the daughter of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno and second wife of Duke Robert Guiscard of Apulia. Her heritage made her a vital asset to Robert's governance in Southern Italy, legitimizing his reign and that of his successors. Sikelgaita frequently accompanied Robert on campaigns and is noted for leading troops in battle. She continued to be a significant source of support for her primary heir, Roger Borsa, and remained actively involved in politics until her death.
V-boat
The V-boats were a group of nine United States Navy submarines built between World War I and World War II from 1921 to 1934 under authorization as the "fleet boat" program.

The term "V-boats" as used includes five separate classes of submarines: large, fast fleet submarines (V-1 through V-3), large long-range submarines (the minelayer V-4 and two submarine cruisers V-5 and V-6) and three medium-sized submarines (V-7 through V-9).

The successful fleet submarines of World War II (Tambor class through Tench class) were descended from the last three, especially V-7, though somewhat larger and powered by pure diesel-electric propulsion systems.

Originally called USS V-1 through V-9 (SS-163 through SS-171), in 1931 the nine submarines were renamed Barracuda, Bass, Bonita, Argonaut, Narwhal, Nautilus, Dolphin, Cachalot, and Cuttlefish, respectively. All served in World War II, six of them on war patrols in the central Pacific. Argonaut was lost to enemy action.

USS Cachalot (SS-170)
USS Cachalot (SC-4/SS-170) was a United States Navy submarine and the lead ship of her class, known as the "V-boats" and named for the sperm whale. Her keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard. She was launched on 19 October 1933 as V-8 (SC-4) sponsored by Miss K. D. Kempff, and commissioned on 1 December 1933 with Lieutenant Commander Merril Comstock in command. Cachalot was the first submarine to have the Torpedo Data Computer, Arma Corporation's Mark 1, installed.
La Crosse State Teachers College Training School Building
The La Crosse State Teachers College Training School Building was a building used to educate teachers at the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse in La Crosse, Wisconsin. The building is at 1615 State Street in La Crosse. The present building was built in 1940 and was known was the Campus School.

The Campus School continued until 1973, when it closed and was renamed Morris Hall in honor of Thomas Morris, who was instrumental in the establishment of the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse.

University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
The University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (UWL or UW–La Crosse) is a public research university in La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States. Established in 1909 as La Crosse State Normal School, it is part of the University of Wisconsin System and offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. With 9,600 undergraduate and 1,000 graduate students, UW-La Crosse is composed of four schools and colleges offering 102 undergraduate programs, 31 graduate programs, and 2 doctoral programs. UW-La Crosse has over 95,000 alumni across all 50 U.S. states and 57 countries as of 2021.

The UW-La Crosse Eagle's 21 athletic teams compete in the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, in NCAA's Division III. The university mascot is Stryker the Eagle.
2013 Monaco Grand Prix
The 2013 Monaco Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Grand Prix de Monaco 2013) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 26 May 2013 at the Circuit de Monaco, a street circuit that runs through the principality of Monaco. The race was won by Nico Rosberg for Mercedes AMG Petronas, repeating the feat of his father Keke Rosberg in the 1983 race. The race was the sixth round of the 2013 season, and marked the seventy-first time the Monaco Grand Prix has been held. Rosberg had started the race from pole.

1983 Monaco Grand Prix
43°44′4.74″N 7°25′16.8″E﻿ / ﻿43.7346500°N 7.421333°E﻿ / 43.7346500; 7.421333

The 1983 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 15 May 1983. It was the fifth race of the 1983 Formula One World Championship. The 76-lap race was won by Finnish driver Keke Rosberg, driving a Williams-Ford (the last victory of Williams in Monaco until 2003 with Juan Pablo Montoya), with Brazilian Nelson Piquet second in a Brabham-BMW and Frenchman Alain Prost third in a Renault. This was only time that both works McLaren cars failed to qualify for a race.

Thirty years later, Rosberg's son Nico won the 2013 race, making them the first father and son to win in the principality.
Harvey M. Wagner
Harvey Maurice Wagner (November 20, 1931 – July 23, 2017) was an American management scientist, consultant, and Professor of Operations Research and Innovation Management at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, known for his books on Operations Research and his seminal work on the dynamic lot-size model with Thomson M. Whitin.

Thomson M. Whitin
Thomson McLintock Whitin (January 12, 1923 – December 9, 2013) was an American management scientist, and Emeritus Professor of Economics and Social Sciences at Wesleyan University, known for his work on inventory control and inventory management.
Jacksonville Skyway
The Jacksonville Skyway is an automated people mover in Jacksonville, Florida. It opened in 1989 and is operated by the Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA). The skyway has three stations in Downtown Jacksonville and was extended in 1996 following a conversion from its original technology to Bombardier Transportation equipment. It was expanded again in 1998 and 2000. The currently fare-free system comprises two routes across 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of track, serving eight stations, and crosses the St. Johns River on the Acosta Bridge. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 305,400, or about 1,100 per day as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

As of 2023, the Skyway typically only operates on weekdays, although JTA does occasionally operate the system on weekends when there are special events downtown.

Jacksonville Transportation Authority
The Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA) is the independent agency responsible for public transit in the city of Jacksonville, Florida, and roadway infrastructure that connects northeast Florida. However, they do not maintain any roadways. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 7,501,200, or about 24,000 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2025.
Maratonistas de Coamo
The Maratonistas de Coamo (English: Coamo Marathon Runners) was a Puerto Rican professional basketball team based in Coamo, that competed in the National Superior Basketball (BSN) league from 1985 until 2015 when the team was sold and was relocated to Aguada as the Santeros. It is now a member of the Liga de Baloncesto Puertorriqueña, and recently won the LBP championship. Their home court was the Edwin "Puruco" Nolasco Coliseum.

The team was established as the Cardenales de Rio Piedras (Rio Piedras Cardinals) in 1940. They relocated in 1985 to the town of Coamo in central Puerto Rico. As the Cardinals, the franchise advanced to the BSN Finals 15 times, and won six BSN Championships. In Coamo, the Maratonistas advanced to their first and only finals berth in 2004, appearing there for the sixteenth time in franchise history and first since 1977, when the club was based in Río Piedras. The team ended up losing to the Ponce Lions in seven games.

Santeros de Aguada
Santeros de Aguada are a Puerto Rican professional basketball team of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). The team was originally based in Aguada, Puerto Rico, and although the team moved to Fajardo in 2021, even changing their name and re-branding to Cariduros de Fajardo with the move, the team was moved again to Aguada to start the 2024 season.
Beanie Feldstein
Elizabeth Greer "Beanie" Feldstein (born June 24, 1993) is an American actress, singer and comedian. She first gained recognition for her starring roles in the comedy film Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016), the comedy-drama film Lady Bird (2017), and the coming-of-age comedy film Booksmart (2019), the last of which earned her a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture–Comedy or Musical.

Feldstein has appeared on the Broadway stage, making her debut as Minnie Fay in Hello, Dolly! (2017–18), and portraying the lead role of Fanny Brice in the first revival of Funny Girl (2022), a performance for which she earned a nomination for the Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance. In 2021, she portrayed Monica Lewinsky in the third season of the FX anthology series Impeachment: American Crime Story.

Fanny Brice
Fania Borach (October 29, 1891 – May 29, 1951), known professionally as Fanny Brice or Fannie Brice, was an American comedian, illustrated song model, singer, and actress who made many stage, radio, and film appearances. She is known as the creator and star of the top-rated radio comedy series The Baby Snooks Show.

Her life story was loosely adapted into the stage musical Funny Girl. Brice was famously portrayed by Barbra Streisand in both the original Broadway production of the musical and its 1968 film adaptation.
Wappingers Falls Historic District
The Wappingers Falls Historic District is in the center of that village in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is a 90-acre (36 ha) area roughly centered along South Avenue and West Main Street, NY 9D and Wappinger Creek. It includes Mesier Park in the center of the village and many adjacent residential neighborhoods, roughly bounded by Elm, Park, Walker, Market and McKinley streets.

Much of the district was built in the wake of the industrialization of Wappingers Falls in the 19th century, and its styles represent a cross-section of that century. However, the contributing properties include older buildings, like the ca. 1740 Mesier-Brewer House, and newer ones like the Village Hall, formerly a post office designed under the supervision of Franklin D. Roosevelt during his presidency.

Old Wappingers Falls Village Hall
Formerly the Wappingers Falls Village Hall this building now houses the Police Department. It is located at the corner of South Avenue (NY 9D) and East Main Street in the village of Wappingers Falls, Dutchess County, New York.
SMS Siegfried
SMS Siegfried was the lead ship of the six-member Siegfried class of coastal defense ships (Küstenpanzerschiffe) built for the German Imperial Navy. Her sister ships were Beowulf, Frithjof, Heimdall, Hildebrand, and Hagen. Siegfried was built by the Germaniawerft shipyard between 1888 and 1890, and was armed with a main battery of three 24-centimeter (9.4 in) guns. She served in the German fleet throughout the 1890s and was rebuilt in 1903 - 1904. She served in the VI Battle Squadron after the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, but saw no action. Siegfried was demobilized in 1915 and used as a barracks ship thereafter. She was ultimately broken up for scrap in 1920.

SMS Frithjof
SMS Frithjof was the third vessel of the six-member Siegfried class of coastal defense ships (Küstenpanzerschiffe) built for the German Imperial Navy. Her sister ships were Siegfried, Beowulf, Heimdall, Hildebrand, and Hagen. Frithjof was built by the AG Weser shipyard between 1890 and 1893, and was armed with a main battery of three 24-centimeter (9.4 in) guns. She served in the German fleet throughout the 1890s and was rebuilt in 1900 - 1902. She served in the VI Battle Squadron after the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, but saw no action. Frithjof was demobilized in 1915 and used as a barracks ship thereafter. She was rebuilt as a merchant ship in 1923 and served in this capacity until she was broken up for scrap in 1930.
Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard (/ɡiːˈskɑːr/ ghee-SKAR, Modern French: [ʁɔbɛʁ ɡiskaʁ]; c. 1015 – 17 July 1085), also referred to as Robert de Hauteville, was a Norman adventurer remembered for his conquest of southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th century.

Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, the sixth son of Tancred de Hauteville and his wife Fressenda. He inherited the County of Apulia and Calabria from his brother in 1057, and in 1059 he was made Duke of Apulia and Calabria and Lord of Sicily by Pope Nicholas II. He was also briefly Prince of Benevento (1078–1081), before returning the title to the papacy.

Hauteville family
The Hauteville family (Italian: Altavilla, Sicilian: Autaviḍḍa) was a Norman family, originally of petty lords, from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy. The Hautevilles rose to prominence through their part in the Norman conquest of southern Italy. In 1130, Roger II of Hauteville, was made the first King of Sicily. His male-line descendants ruled the kingdom until 1194. The Hauteville also took part in the First Crusade and ruled the independent Principality of Antioch (1098).