hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Légitimé de France, duc du Maine (31 March 1670 – 14 May 1736) was an illegitimate son of Louis XIV and his official mistress, Madame de Montespan. He was later legitimized and became the king's favourite son. He was the founder of the semi-royal House of Bourbon-Maine named after his title and his surname.

Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
Louis Alexandre de Bourbon (6 June 1678 – 1 December 1737), a legitimated prince of the blood royal, was the son of Louis XIV and of his mistress Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. At the age of five, he became grand admiral of France.
Apetito
apetito is a European frozen food company which was founded in post war Germany. The company operates in Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Spain, France the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States and employ over 11,522 people. They are the main providers of "meals on wheels" for local authorities in the United Kingdom, and Canada, and were given a Queen's Award for Enterprise in 2005.

Meals on Wheels
Meals on Wheels is a program that delivers meals to individuals at home who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals. The name is often used generically to refer to home-delivered meals programs, not all of which are actually named "Meals on Wheels". Many of the housebound recipients are the elderly, and many of the volunteers are also elderly but able-bodied and able to drive automobiles.

Research shows that home-delivered meal programs significantly improve diet quality, reduce food insecurity and improve quality of life among the recipients. The programs also reduce government expenditure by reducing the need of recipients to use hospitals, nursing homes or other expensive community-based services.
Slurpee
Slurpee is the brand name for carbonated slushies sold by 7-Eleven and its subsidiaries A-Plus, Speedway, & Stripes Convenience Stores. The brand originated in 1966 when 7-Eleven made a licensing deal with The Icee Company to sell slushies in 7-Eleven stores.

Speedway (store)
Speedway is an American convenience store and fuel station chain  headquartered in Irving, Texas, with locations primarily in the Midwest, East Coast, and Southwestern regions of the United States wholly owned and operated by 7-Eleven. Speedway stations are located in 36 states, up significantly from its core seven-state region in the Midwest since 2012. Prior to 2021, Speedway LLC was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Marathon Petroleum Corporation and headquartered in Enon, Ohio. It is the largest convenience store chain in central Ohio.

On August 2, 2020, Marathon announced that Seven & i Holdings Co., Ltd. would be acquiring Speedway for $21 billion. The deal closed on May 14, 2021.
Army of the Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)
The Army of the Kingdom of Naples (Italian: Esercito del Regno di Napoli Neapolitan: Ll'Eserceto d''o Regno 'e Napule) was the land force of the Kingdom of Naples. It was in service from 1806 to 1815, reborn from the Army of the Two Sicilies after the French invasion of Naples. It served alongside Napoleon’s Grande Armée in various campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars, until its final demise in the Neapolitan War.

1st Regiment of the Line (King's Own)
The 1st Regiment of the Line (King's Own) or (Italian: 1° Reggimento della Linea 'del Re') was a line infantry regiment of the  Royal Army of Naples. The regiment was the first infantry regiment formed by the small kingdom, but by 1811 gained a reputation as an exemplary infantry regiment, and was reformed with the honorary title of "King's Own, or del Re".  After the disastrous Neapolitan War, the regiment was disbanded, having never seen action outside of the Napoleonic Wars.
Petro de Luanda (basketball)
8°49′34″S 13°15′19″E﻿ / ﻿8.825996°S 13.255204°E﻿ / -8.825996; 13.255204

Atlético Petróleos de Luanda, commonly known as Petro de Luanda, is an Angolan basketball club based in Luanda. It competes at the local level, in the Luanda Provincial Basketball Championship and in the Angola National Basketball Championship. Additionally, the club plays at the continental level, in the Basketball Africa League (BAL), which they have won in 2024.

Established in 1976, the team is part of a multi-sports club which includes football and handball teams as well. Petro has been one of the most successful teams in Angola, having won the second most Angolan championships with 16 titles, trailing only Primeiro de Agosto, and sharing the record for most Angolan Cups with 14 cups. The team has won three continental titles as well, having won the FIBA African Champions Cup in 2006 and 2015, and the BAL in 2024.

Angolan Basketball League
The Angolan Men's Basketball League, (in Portuguese: Campeonato Nacional de Basquetebol em Séniores Masculinos), for sponsorship reasons known as the Unitel Basket, is the top tier men's basketball league in Angola.

Primeiro de Agosto has been the most successful club in Angola with a total of 19 titles won, followed by Petro de Luanda who have won 18 championships.

The champions of each Unitel Basket season qualify directly for the Basketball Africa League (BAL).
Edwin Hall
Edwin Herbert Hall (November 7, 1855 – November 20, 1938) was an American physicist who discovered the Hall effect. He also conducted thermoelectric research and wrote numerous physics textbooks and laboratory manuals.

Hall effect
electrons

flat conductor, which serves as a Hall element (Hall effect sensor)

magnet

magnetic field

power source

The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference, across an electrical conductor, that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. Such potential difference is known as the Hall voltage. It was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879 through a study of the electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell, becoming a critical confirmation of that theory.

The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, since its value depends on the type, number, and properties of the charge carriers that constitute the current.
Golmud River
The Golmud or Ge'ermu River is a river in Golmud County, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, China. It flows north from the Kunlun Mountains to Dabusun and (occasionally) West Dabusun Lakes in the central Qarhan Playa in the southeastern Qaidam Basin. The county seat Golmud lies along it.

Qarhan Playa
The Qarhan Playa or Salt Plain, also misleadingly described as Qarhan Lake, is a playa in the Golmud and Dulan counties of Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai, China. Formerly a single unitary lake, it is now an expansive salt flat divided into four greater sections (Dabusun, Big/Small Bieletan, Suli, and N./S. Huoluxun) which contain a number of smaller salt lakes, the largest of which is Dabusun Lake. The area is heavily exploited for its valuable salt, mineral, and rare earth reserves but parts are also protected as a national park and contribute to regional tourism.
Joyal model structure
In higher category theory in mathematics, the Joyal model structure is a special model structure on the category of simplicial sets. It consists of three classes of morphisms between simplicial sets called fibrations, cofibrations and weak equivalences, which fulfill the properties of a model structure. Its fibrant objects are all ∞-categories and it furthermore models the homotopy theory of CW complexes up to homotopy equivalence, with the correspondence between simplicial sets and CW complexes being given by the geometric realization and the singular functor. The Joyal model structure is named after André Joyal.

André Joyal
André Joyal (French: [ʒwajal]; born 1943) is a professor of mathematics at the Université du Québec à Montréal who works on category theory. He was a member of the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2013, where he was invited to join the Special Year on Univalent Foundations of Mathematics.
Naguilian, La Union
Naguilian, officially the Municipality of Naguilian (Ilocano: Ili ti Naguilian; Filipino: Bayan ng Naguilian), is a municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 53,443 people.

It is renowned as the Home of the Original Basi, a traditional fermented sugarcane wine. Naguilian is located at the geographical center of La Union and has a total land area of 10,086.85 hectares, making it the third-largest among the 19 towns and cities in the province. As of 2020, the town has 36,150 registered voters.

Basi
Basí is a traditional Ilocano fermented alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane juice, predominantly produced in Northern Luzon, Philippines particularly in the Ilocos Region. It is fermented in burnáy (earthen jars) and flavored with gamú or natural additives such as samak bark. Basí has been an integral part of Ilocano culture for centuries, commonly featured in various rituals and celebrations, with distinct regional variations in its production methods and flavor profiles.
Shayba ibn Rabi'a
Shayba ibn Rabi'a (Arabic: شيبة بن ربيعة, romanized: Shaybah ibn Rabīʿah) (c. 560–624) was the brother of Utbah ibn Rabi'ah belonging to the clan of Banu Abd Shams (parent clan of Banu Umayyah) from the tribe of Quraysh of Mecca. He was also a champion of the Meccan army sent along with his brother Utbah and his nephew Walid ibn Utba in the Battle of Badr in around 624 CE (2 AH).
In a three against three match before the actual battle began, he was killed by Ubayda ibn al-Harith. Shayba married twice. First, he married with Fa'ra bint Harb ibn Umayya, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb's sister. By her, he had children named Asim, Zaynab, and Ubaydallah. Second, he married with Umm Sharak (Safiyya) bint Waqdan from Banu Amir ibn Luayy. By her, he had children named Ramla, Fatima, and Aisha, who all would eventually become Muslim. Shayba remained pagan until his death at Badr.

Ubayda ibn al-Harith
Ubayda ibn al-Harith (Arabic: عبيدة ابن الحارث, romanized: ʿUbayda ibn al-Ḥārith) (c. 562 – 13 March 624) was a relative and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is known for commanding the expedition in which Islam’s first arrow was shot and for being the first Muslim to be martyred in battle and third ever in Islam.
University of Hawaiʻi
The University of Hawaiʻi System is the public higher education system of the state of Hawaii. The system confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three universities, seven community colleges, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers, and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the state of Hawaii.

All schools in the University of Hawaiʻi System are accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The system's main administrative offices are located on the property of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in Honolulu.

Hawaiʻi Community College
Hawaiʻi Community College is a public community college with two campuses on the Island of Hawaii. It is part of the University of Hawaiʻi system and is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges.
Peter Boylan
Peter Boylan is a retired Irish consultant obstetrician, and former master of the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin (Holles Street Hospital).

He was born in Dublin to Henry Boylan and his wife Patricia Boylan (née Clancy). He was educated at St. Mary's College, Rathmines and University College, Dublin. On qualifying as an obstetrician in 1974 he practised in the United States and in Britain before returning to Ireland. He became master of Holles Street in 1991, holding the post for seven years.

Boylan was opposed to the plans to transfer ownership of the National Maternity Hospital to the Religious Sisters of Charity, eventually resigning from the board of the hospital over the issue. He campaigned for a Yes vote in the 2018 Irish abortion referendum, and participated in several TV debates.

National Maternity Hospital, Dublin
The National Maternity Hospital (Irish: An tOspidéal Náisiúnta Máithreachais), popularly known as Holles Street Hospital, is a large maternity hospital in Ireland. It is at the eastern corner of Merrion Square, at its junction with Holles Street and Lower Mount Street in Dublin. It is managed by Ireland East Hospital Group.
Mont Forel
Mont Forel is a mountain in King Christian IX Land, Sermersooq Municipality, Greenland. It is part of the Schweizerland range, also known as 'Schweizerland Alps'.

This peak is located in a popular climbing destination, together with the Watkins Range to the northeast and the Stauning Alps further north.

Watkins Range
The Watkins Range (Danish: Watkins Bjerge)  is Greenland's highest mountain range. It is located in King Christian IX Land, Sermersooq municipality.

The range was named after British Arctic explorer Gino Watkins.
George Felpel House
The George Felpel House is located on NY 9H in Claverack-Red Mills, New York, United States. It is a stone Colonial Revival and Dutch Colonial Revival house built in the 1920s.

Its stones are the remnants of Claverack College, which existed on the property from 1779 to 1902. Local architect Henry Mouls designed it in Colonial Revival style, with some aspects of genuine Colonial architecture from the region. In 1997 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Claverack College
Claverack College, also known as Washington Seminary and Hudson River Institute, was a coeducational boarding school in Claverack, New York, United States. Founded as a boys' academy, it operated from 1779 until 1902. It added a girls' school in the mid-19th century.
Merrylee
Merrylee is a neighbourhood in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated south of the River Clyde within the Newlands/Auldburn ward surrounded by other residential areas: Newlands, Cathcart and Muirend, and is a housing scheme consisting of mostly ex-local authority homes (terraced houses and three-and four-storey tenements) constructed in the 1950s and 60s.

Newlands, Glasgow
Newlands is a suburb in the south side of Glasgow, Scotland. The area is mainly residential in character. Shawlands and Langside lie to the north of the district (the White Cart Water forming the boundary), Pollokshaws and Auldhouse to the west, Giffnock (East Renfrewshire) to the south, and Merrylee and Cathcart to the east.
Danny Wallace (footballer)
David Lloyd "Danny" Wallace (born 21 January 1964) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker and winger. During his career, he played for Southampton, Manchester United, Millwall, Birmingham City and Wycombe Wanderers. He won one full cap for England. His football career was ended prematurely by the effects of multiple sclerosis.

Ray Wallace (footballer)
Raymond George Wallace (born 2 October 1969 in Lewisham) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League and Premier League for Southampton, Leeds United, Swansea City, Reading, Stoke City and Hull City, in the Scottish Football League for Airdrieonians, and in the League of Ireland for Drogheda United. He was capped for the England under-21 team.
Ninja (Six Flags Magic Mountain)
Ninja is a suspended roller coaster located at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California.  It is the fastest roller coaster of its kind in the world, joint with Vortex at Canada's Wonderland, both with top speeds of 55 mph (89 km/h).

Vortex (Canada's Wonderland)
Vortex is a suspended roller coaster at Canada's Wonderland in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It officially opened during the 1991 season.

As with other suspended roller coasters, Vortex's trains swing under the track. On Vortex, riders are taken up through the top of the mountain and dropped at high speeds. At some points in the ride, the trains swing just above a river running through the middle of the park, giving riders the illusion that the train will touch the water. It is the fastest roller coaster of its kind in the world, together with Ninja at Six Flags Magic Mountain, both with top speeds of 89 kilometres per hour (55 mph). It is also the tallest currently operating suspended coaster in the world, reaching a height of 27.8 metres (91 ft). It is considered to be a terrain coaster due to the influences of the ride track by the mountain and the river.
Foregut fermentation
Foregut fermentation is a form of digestion that occurs in the foregut of some animals such as the hamster rat, langur monkey, and the hippopotamus. It has evolved independently in several groups of mammals, and also in the hoatzin, a bird species.

Foregut fermentation is employed by ruminants and pseudoruminants, some rodents and some marsupials. It has also evolved in colobine monkeys and in sloths.

Colobinae
The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three groups. Both classifications put the three African genera Colobus, Piliocolobus, and Procolobus in one group; these genera are distinct in that they have stub thumbs, hence their family name, which comes from Ancient Greek κολοβός (kolobós), meaning "docked". The various Asian genera are placed into another one or two groups. Analysis of mtDNA confirms the Asian species form two distinct groups, one of langurs and the other of the "odd-nosed" species, but are inconsistent as to the relationships of the gray langurs; some studies suggest that the gray langurs are not closely related to either of these groups, while others place them firmly within the langur group.
2017 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2017 IIHF Women's World Championship was the 18th edition of the Top Division of the Women's Ice Hockey World Championship organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The tournament was held in Plymouth Township, Michigan, United States from 31 March to 7 April 2017. The USA Hockey Arena served as the event's venue using Arena I and Arena II.

Three-time defending champions, the United States, winning their fourth consecutive and eighth overall title, after defeated Canada in the gold medal game 3–2 after overtime. Finland won the bronze medal by beating Germany 8–0.

United States women's national ice hockey team
The United States women's national ice hockey team is controlled by USA Hockey. The U.S. has been one of the most successful women's ice hockey teams in international play, having medaled in every major tournament.

In 1998, the women's Olympic hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Year. In April 2015, the women's national ice hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Month.
Durham University Business School
Durham University Business School (DUBS) is the business school of Durham University, a collegiate public research university in Durham, England. The school holds triple accreditation from AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS. Following a 1963 report on management education by Lord Franks, the school began teaching in 1965, making it one of the oldest business schools in the UK alongside Alliance Manchester Business School. The school contains the departments of accounting, economics, finance, and management and marketing, as well as twelve research centres.

Triple accreditation
Triple accreditation or triple crown accreditation is the simultaneous accreditation of a business school by the three major international accreditation organisations: the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) in the US, the Association of MBAs (AMBA) in the UK, and EFMD Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) in Belgium.
Torah scroll
A Torah scroll (Hebrew: סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, romanized: Sefer Torah, lit. 'Book of Torah'; pl. סִפְרֵי תוֹרָה, Sifrei Torah) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, meaning the five books of Moses (the first books of the Hebrew Bible). The Torah scroll is mainly used in the ritual of Torah reading during Jewish prayers. At other times, it is stored in the holiest spot within a synagogue, the Torah ark, which is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faces Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying.

The text of the Torah is also commonly printed and bound in book form for non-ritual functions, called a Chumash (plural Chumashim; "five-part", for the five books of Moses), and is often accompanied by commentaries or translations.

Sofer
A sofer, sopher, sofer SeTaM, sofer ST"M (Hebrew: סופר סת״ם, "scribe"; plural soferim, סופרים), or soifer (Yiddish: סויפר)  is a Jewish scribe who can transcribe Sifrei Kodesh (holy scrolls), tefillin (phylacteries), mezuzot (ST"M, סת״ם, is an abbreviation of these three terms) and other religious writings.
Alkimos College
Alkimos College is an Independent public co-educational high day school, located in the Perth suburb of Alkimos, Western Australia. It has an enrolment of 995 students as of 22 July 2024, and employs 110.4 full-time equivalent staff as of 2 May 2024.

Alkimos, Western Australia
Alkimos is a coastal suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located 42 kilometres (26 mi) north-northwest of Perth's central business district. It is part of the City of Wanneroo local government area.

The suburb is part of the Alkimos-Eglinton region which is being developed by the State Government as a future satellite city.
Light field
A light field, or lightfield, is a vector function that describes the amount of light flowing in every direction through every point in a space. The space of all possible light rays is given by the five-dimensional plenoptic function, and the magnitude of each ray is given by its radiance. Michael Faraday was the first to propose that light should be interpreted as a field, much like the magnetic fields on which he had been working. The term light field was coined by Andrey Gershun in a classic 1936 paper on the radiometric properties of light in three-dimensional space.

The term "radiance field" may also be used to refer to similar, or identical  concepts. The term is used in modern research such as neural radiance fields.

Ray (optics)
In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow.  Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividing the real light field up into discrete rays that can be computationally propagated through the system by the techniques of ray tracing. This allows even very complex optical systems to be analyzed mathematically or simulated by computer.  Ray tracing uses approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations that are valid as long as the light waves propagate through and around objects whose dimensions are much greater than the light's wavelength.  Ray optics or geometrical optics does not describe phenomena such as diffraction, which require wave optics theory. Some wave phenomena such as interference can be modeled in limited circumstances by adding phase to the ray model.