hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahaetulla anomala
The variable colored vine snake (Ahaetulla anomala) is a species of opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged venomous) colubrid vine snake found in Bangladesh and India.  It is the first reported sexually dichromatic snake from the Indian Subcontinent, and until 2017 was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the green vine snake, Ahaetulla nasuta.

Ahaetulla nasuta
Ahaetulla nasuta, also known as Sri Lankan green vine snake and long-nosed whip snake, is a venomous, slender green tree snake endemic to Sri Lanka. It was previously known as the common green vine snake and was widely distributed across India and South East Asia, until a 2020 study split them into several different species, restricting Ahaetulla nasuta just to the Sri Lankan population.
Starting Point (TV program)
Starting Point (formerly Starting Point with Soledad O'Brien) is a morning television show on CNN anchored by Soledad O'Brien. The show aired from January 2012 to June 2013. Together with the program Early Start (4.00–6.00 a.m. weekdays), it replaced American Morning, which ran from September 2001 to December 2011, under a variety of presenters. Starting Point was itself replaced by New Day in June 2013, which is broadcast from 6.00–9.00 a.m. daily.

American Morning
American Morning is an American morning television news program that aired on CNN from September 12, 2001, to December 30, 2011. American Morning debuted with anchors Paula Zahn and Anderson Cooper on the day after the September 11 attacks, five months earlier than planned, replacing CNN Early Edition and CNN Live This Morning.

Cooper was replaced by Bill Hemmer in February 2002. The show's next permanent co-anchors were Soledad O'Brien and Miles O'Brien, who fronted the show from 2003 to 2007. They were replaced by John Roberts and Kiran Chetry due to poor ratings. After Roberts and Chetry left in 2011, the show did not have a permanent anchor team and was shelved by CNN at the end of the year. American Morning was replaced by two new programs, Early Start and Starting Point.
Einar Thorsrud
Einar Thorsrud (30 April 1923 – 29 May 1985) was a Norwegian psychologist, researcher and professor at the
Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim and University of Oslo, who is known for his work in the field of organizational development (OD), particularly in the development of theory around participative work design structures. Much of his work was done in collaboration with Eric Trist and/or Fred Emery. Thorsrud has been Research Director of the Norwegian Work Research Institute in Oslo, Norway.

Fred Emery
Frederick Edmund Emery (27 August 1925 – 10 April 1997) was an Australian psychologist and social scientist specialising in the field of organisational development, particularly in the theory of participative work design structures, such as self-managing teams.
Valentina Veres
Valentina Ivanovna Veres, in Ukrainian: Валентина Іванівна Верес (born 1951) is a Ukrainian textile artist and master weaver, who was appointed an Honoured Artist of Ukraine in 1999. She is the daughter of folk artist Hanna Veres.

Hanna Veres
Hanna Ivanivna Veres (Ukrainian: Ганна Іванівна Верес; 21 December 1928 – 11 June 2003) was a Ukrainian folk artist, embroiderer and weaver. She was the daughter of the artist and weaver, Maria Posobchuk, and the mother of artists Valentyna and Olena Veres. She was awarded the Shevchenko National Prize with Anna Vasylashchuk in 1968.
Mika'el Abiy
Mika'el Abiy is a tabia or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Megesta village, located approximately 7 km to the southeast of the woreda (town) Hagere Selam.

Hagere Selam (Degua Tembien)
Hagere Selam (Tigrinya: ሃገረ ሰላም) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located on the Mekelle-Abiy Addi regional road, it is located at an elevation of 2650 metres above sea level. The town is the administrative center of the Dogu'a Tembien woreda. The weekly market is on Saturdays.

Hagere Selam is located on the saddle point between two of the higher points in Tigray (Imba Zuw'ala and Tsatsen). The regional road from Mekelle to Abiy Addi climbs towards Hagere Selam, before going down to the Abergele lowlands. The area is categorized as highland or dega. The local economy is dependent on trading, agriculture, with barley being the main crop grown in the area, and on milk production and apiculture.
G. O. Smith
Gilbert Oswald Smith (25 November 1872 – 6 December 1943), familiarly known as G. O. Smith or simply as G. O. or Jo, was an English amateur footballer often referred to as "the first great centre forward". In addition, Smith played first-class cricket for Oxford University and Surrey.

Smith was by profession a schoolmaster, becoming headmaster of Ludgrove School, jointly with footballing colleague William Oakley from 1901 until 1934. He was unmarried.

William Oakley (footballer)
William John Oakley (27 April 1873 — 20 September 1934) was an English footballer who, during the Victorian era, played as a full-back for the renowned amateur clubs, the Corinthians and Casuals, and captained the England team once, in a match against Ireland in 1901. In 1895, he was also the British long jump champion.
Professional Regulation Commission
The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC; Filipino: Komisyon sa Regulasyong Pampropesyonal) is a three-member commission attached to Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). Its mandate is to regulate and supervise the practice of professionals (except lawyers, who are handled by the Supreme Court of the Philippines) who constitute the highly skilled manpower of Philippines. As the agency-in-charge of the professional sector, the PRC plays a strategic role in developing the corps of professionals for industry, commerce, governance, and the economy.

Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Paggawa at Empleo) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for formulating policies, implementing programs and services, and serving as the policy-coordinating arm of the executive branch in the field of labor and employment. It is tasked with the enforcement of the provisions of the Labor Code.
East District School
The East District School is a historic school building at 365 Washington Street in Norwich, Connecticut, built in 1798. It is significant as a rare and well-preserved 18th-century schoolhouse, and as the location of an evening school for adults established by Consider Sterry, author of an early guide to practical navigation.  The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and is a contributing property to the Norwichtown Historic District.

Norwichtown
Norwichtown is a historic neighborhood in the city of Norwich, Connecticut, United States. It is generally the area immediately north of the Yantic River between I-395 and Route 169.

The portion of the neighborhood from the Norwichtown Green and east of it is a locally designated historic district that was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Norwichtown Historic District. The district includes 48 contributing buildings and one other contributing site over  110 acres (45 ha) area.

The earliest settlement of Norwich, in 1659, was in Norwichtown.  Initial settlement, by 35 English settlers who relocated from Saybrook Fort under the leadership of Major John Mason and bought land from Uncas, sachem of the Mohegans, was centered on the Norwichtown Green.
Leeds South
Leeds South is a parliamentary constituency in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, which returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency existed from 1885 to 1983 and was recreated in 2024 following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.

In the 2024 general election, the seat was won by Hilary Benn of the Labour Party, who serves as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in the government of Keir Starmer. Benn had represented Leeds Central, the main predecessor of Leeds South, since 1999.

Leeds South was the seat of the former Leader of the Labour Party, the late Hugh Gaitskell, and the former Home Secretary Merlyn Rees.

Leeds Central
Leeds Central was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. The constituency first existed from 1885 until it was abolished in 1955. It was recreated in 1983.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished again. Subject to boundary changes involving the loss of most Leeds city centre to the newly created constituency of Leeds Central and Headingley, the seat will be reformed as Leeds South, to be first contested in the 2024 general election.
SMS Meteor (1865)
SMS Meteor was a Camäleon-class steam gunboat of the North German Federal Navy (later the Imperial German Navy) that was launched in 1865. The ship was ordered as part of a program to strengthen Prussia's coastal defense forces, then oriented against neighboring Denmark. A small vessel, armed with a battery of only three light guns, Meteor took part in the Battle of Havana in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. There, she battled the French aviso Bouvet; both vessels were lightly damaged, though Bouvet was compelled to disengage after a shot from Meteor disabled her engine. After the war, Meteor returned to Germany, where her career was limited; she served briefly as a survey vessel. From 1873 to 1877, she was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea as a station ship in Constantinople during a period of tensions in the Ottoman Empire. After returning to Germany in 1877, she was decommissioned, converted into a coal hulk and expended as a target ship some time later.

French aviso Bouvet (1865)
Bouvet was a sail and steam aviso of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. She is remembered as the opponent of the German gunboat SMS Meteor during the Battle of Havana in 1870, at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War.
Roberto Bernardi
Roberto Bernardi (born 1974 in Todi, Italy) is a photorealist painter who explores the beauty of everyday life though the reflections and transparencies in his still life paintings, using as his main subject plates and glasses, kitchens appliances, dishwashers, fridges and more recently lollypops and candies.

Photorealism
Photorealism is a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium. Although the term can be used broadly to describe artworks in many different media, it is also used to refer to a specific art movement of American painters that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Brandywine Highway
The Brandywine Highway is a north–south expressway in the vicinity of the city of Binghamton, New York, in the United States. The highway is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation and extends for 3.95 miles (6.36 km) through Downtown Binghamton and the neighboring village of Port Dickinson. The southern terminus of the highway is at New York State Route 434 (NY 434) in Binghamton and its northern terminus is at Interstate 88 (I-88) in Fenton just north of the Port Dickinson village line.

The Brandywine Highway is designated as New York State Route 363 from NY 434 to Brandywine Avenue and part of NY 7 from Brandywine Avenue to I-88.  NY 363 is also known as North Shore Drive.

New York State Route 7
New York State Route 7 (NY 7) is a 180.30-mile-long (290.16 km) state highway in New York in the United States. The highway runs from the Pennsylvania state line south of Binghamton in Broome County, New York,  to the Vermont state line east of Hoosick in Rensselaer County, where it continues as Vermont Route 9 (VT 9). Most of the road runs along the Susquehanna Valley, closely paralleling Interstate 88 (I-88) throughout that road's length. Portions of the highway route near the cities of Binghamton, Schenectady, and Troy date back to the early 19th century.
Duchy of Bernstadt
The Duchy of Bernstadt (German: Herzogtum Bernstadt, Polish: Księstwo bierutowskie, Czech: Bernštatské knížectví) was a Silesian duchy centred on the city of Bernstadt (Bierutów) in Lower Silesia (now in Poland) and formed by separation from the Duchy of Oels (Oleśnica). It was first ruled by the Silesian Piasts dynasty, until its extinction in 1492. In 1495 it and the Duchy of Oels passed to the Dukes of Münsterberg, who came from the House of Poděbrady. In 1647 the Duchy of Bernstadt passed by marriage to the Dukes of Württemberg.

Poděbrady family
The Bohemian Poděbrady family (Czech: Páni z Poděbrad) was a noble lineage in Bohemia, originating from the Lords of Kunštát. After Boček of Kunštát (d. 1373) obtained the Lordship of Poděbrady through marriage, he styled himself "Boček of Kunštát and Poděbrady."
The most prominent member of the family was George of Poděbrady, king of Bohemia. His sons were elevated to imperial counts and Counts of Glatz, and established the Silesian branch of the family, the Dukes of Münsterberg (Knížata z Minsterberka).
Franz Walter Stahlecker
Franz Walter Stahlecker (10 October 1900 – 23 March 1942) was commander of the SS security forces, the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), for the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941–42. Stahlecker commanded Einsatzgruppe A, the most murderous of the four Einsatzgruppen (death squads during the Holocaust) active in German-occupied Eastern Europe. He was fatally wounded in action by Soviet partisans and was replaced by Heinz Jost.

Heinz Jost
Heinz Jost (9 July 1904 – 12 November 1964) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was involved in espionage matters as the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service) or (SD) section chief of office VI (foreign intelligence) of the Reich Security Main Office. Jost was responsible for genocide in eastern Europe as commander of Einsatzgruppe A from March–September 1942.

After Germany's defeat, Jost was tried and convicted by a U.S. military court at the Einsatzgruppen trial. In December 1951, Jost was released from Landsberg Prison after his sentence was commuted to ten years and died in 1964.
Mizane Birhan
Mizane Birhan is a tabia or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of Tigray Region, Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Ma'idi village, located approximately 13 km to the southeast of the woreda town Hagere Selam.

Dogu'a Tembien
Dogu'a Tembien (Tigrinya: ደጉዓ ተምቤን, "Upper Tembien", sometimes transliterated as Degua Tembien or Dägʿa Tämben) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. It is named in part after the former province of Tembien. Nowadays, the mountainous district is part of the Southeastern Tigray Zone. The administrative centre of this woreda is Hagere Selam.
Lanarkopterus
Lanarkopterus is a genus of prehistoric eurypterid with one recognised species, Lanarkopterus dolichoschelus. Lanarkopterus was long seen as a species of the closely related Mixopterus, though more complete specimens discovered in the 1960s determined that it differed in several aspects, enough to warrant a separate genus.

Specimens of the genus have been recovered from deposits of Late Silurian age in Scotland.

Mixopterus
Mixopterus is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of Mixopterus have been discovered in deposits from Late Silurian age, and have been referred to several different species. Fossils have been recovered from two continents; Europe and North America.
Bhavin Turakhia
Bhavin Turakhia (born 21 December 1979),  is an entrepreneur, and the founder of Titan, Flock, Radix, CodeChef, and Zeta. In 2016, Bhavin, a billionaire, was ranked as the 95th richest person in India, along with his brother Divyank Turakhia, according to Forbes. He was a 2011 Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum.

Divyank Turakhia
Divyank Turakhia (born January 29, 1982) is an Indian-born computer-programmer, businessman, billionaire, serial entrepreneur, and investor. His net worth is estimated at $3.46 billion (as of Sept 2025). He founded Media.net, which he sold in 2016 to a Chinese consortium for $900 million, the third-largest ever ad-tech deal.
Khuman Lampak Main Stadium
The Khuman Lampak Main Stadium is a multi-use stadium located in Imphal, in the Indian state of Manipur. It is used mostly for football and athletics, and hosts the majority matches of the Manipur State League. The stadium holds 35,285 people and was built in 1999. This stadium lies inside the Khuman Lampak Sports Complex. The stadium's record attendance was set in a football match between NEROCA FC and Indian Arrows (2–1; 2017–18 I-League season), with 35,285 people in attendance, on 5 January 2018.

In March 2023, the stadium for the first time, hosted international matches, as India alongside Kyrgyz Republic and Myanmar appeared in games of Hero Tri-Nation Series.

NEROCA FC
NEROCA Football Club (known fully as North Eastern Re-Organising Cultural Association Football Club) is an Indian professional football club based in Imphal, Manipur, that currently competes in the I-League 2. It previously competed in the I-League, the second tier of the Indian football league system. Founded in 1965, and nicknamed "Orange Brigade", the club made their I-League 2nd Division debut in the 2015–16 season. Winning the 2016–17 league, they secured promotion to the I-League.

NEROCA is the first club from Northeast India to reach the final of the coveted Durand Cup. The club also competes in the Manipur State League.
M,n,k-game
An m,n,k-game is an abstract board game in which two players take turns in placing a stone of their color on an m-by-n board, the winner being the player who first gets k stones of their own color in a row, horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Thus, tic-tac-toe is the 3,3,3-game and free-style gomoku is the 15,15,5-game. An m,n,k-game is also called a k-in-a-row game on an m-by-n board.

The m,n,k-games are mainly of mathematical interest. One seeks to find the game-theoretic value, the result of the game with perfect play. This is known as solving the game.

Gomoku
Gomoku, also called five in a row, is an abstract strategy board game. It is traditionally played with Go pieces (black and white stones) on a 15×15 Go board while in the past a 19×19 board was standard. Because pieces are typically not moved or removed from the board, gomoku may also be played as a paper-and-pencil game. The game is known in several countries under different names.
Staatliche Antikensammlungen
The Staatliche Antikensammlungen (German: [ˈʃtaːtlɪçə anˈtiːkənˌzamlʊŋən], State Collections of Antiquities) is a museum in Munich's Kunstareal holding Bavaria's collections of antiquities from Greece, Etruria and Rome, though the sculpture collection is located in the Glyptothek opposite, and works created in Bavaria are on display in a separate museum. Ancient Egypt also has its own museum.

Glyptothek
The Glyptothek (German: [ɡlʏptoˈteːk] ⓘ) is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures (hence γλυπτο- glypto- "sculpture", from the Greek verb γλύφειν glyphein "to carve" and the noun θήκη "container"). It was designed by Leo von Klenze in the neoclassical style, and built from 1816 to 1830. Today the museum is a part of the Kunstareal.
Red Star Line
The Red Star Line was a shipping line founded in 1871 as a joint venture between the International Navigation Company of Philadelphia, which also ran the American Line, and the Société Anonyme de Navigation Belgo-Américaine of Antwerp, Belgium. The company's main ports of call were Antwerp in Belgium, Liverpool and Southampton in the United Kingdom and New York City and Philadelphia in the United States.

American Line
The American Line was a shipping company that operated independently from 1871 until 1932, when it was absorbed into the United States Lines.

The Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based company was the largest American shipping company during its existence, rivaled only by Baltimore-based Atlantic Transport Lines, although all American oceanic shipping concerns were dwarfed by British companies such as the White Star Line and Cunard Line and German ones such as HAPAG.
Mandarin (bureaucrat)
A mandarin (Chinese: 官; pinyin: guān) was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea and Vietnam.

The term is generally applied to the officials appointed through the imperial examination system.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
Uzoma Asagwara
Uzoma Asagwara (// ⓘ) is a Canadian politician who has served as the 11th Deputy Premier and Minister of Health, Seniors and Long Term Care in Manitoba since October 18, 2023. A member of the Manitoba New Democratic Party, they have represented the Union Station electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba since 2019. Upon their election, Asagwara, alongside Jamie Moses and Audrey Gordon, became the first 3 black MLA's in the province's 150 year history. Asagwara is also the first black and first openly LGBT person to serve as Deputy Premier since its creation in 1988.

Audrey Gordon
Audrey Gordon is a Canadian politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 2019 to 2023, representing the electoral district of Southdale as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba. Alongside Jamie Moses and Uzoma Asagwara, she was one of the first three Black Canadian MLAs elected in the 2019 Manitoba general election.
Jeremiah Dummer (silversmith)
Jeremiah Dummer (September 14, 1645 – May 24, 1718) was a silversmith, painter, and engraver from the Thirteen Colonies. He created the first paper currency in the Connecticut Colony, and his son Jeremiah Dummer was involved with the foundation of Yale University.

Jeremiah Dummer
Jeremiah Dummer (1681 – May 19, 1739) was an American-born politician and writer who was an important figure in the New England Colonies during the early 18th century. His most significant contributions to American history were his A Defense of the New England Charters and his role in the formation of Yale College.
Willie Maiden
William Ralph Maiden (March 12, 1928 – May 29, 1976) was an American jazz saxophonist and arranger.

Maiden began on piano at age five and started playing saxophone at 11. He spent most of his career playing in big bands, and while he recorded copiously as a sideman, he never led his own session. He worked with Perez Prado in 1950 and arranged for Maynard Ferguson from 1952 into the 1960s. He played with Charlie Barnet in 1966, and played baritone sax in addition to arranging for Stan Kenton between 1969 and 1973. After this he taught at the University of Maine at Augusta until his death in 1976.

Maynard Ferguson
Walter Maynard Ferguson CM (May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian jazz trumpeter and bandleader. He came to prominence in Stan Kenton's orchestra before forming his own big band in 1957. He was noted for his bands, which often served as stepping stones for up-and-coming talent, his versatility on several instruments, and his ability to play in a high register.