hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flamenco Beach
Flamenco Beach is a public beach on an open bay connected to the North Atlantic Ocean in northwestern Culebra, an island-municipality of  Puerto Rico, part of the Spanish Virgin Islands in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies of the Caribbean. Situated in front of Flamenco Lagoon and stretching for about 1 mile (1.6 km) around the reef-sheltered, horseshoe-shaped Flamenco Bay, the beach is known for its shallow, calm turquoise waters and white sand, as well as its species-rich swimming areas and diving sites. Accessible by plane or boat from Puerto Rico, it is a popular destination for domestic and foreign visitors, ranking 3rd best beach in the world with a TripAdvisor Travelers' Choice Award in 2013, and regaining its Blue Flag Beach international distinction in 2016.

Culebra, Puerto Rico
Culebra, officially Isla de Culebra (Spanish pronunciation: [kuˈleβɾa], "Snake Island"), is an island and municipality of Puerto Rico, comprising the Spanish Virgin Islands together with Vieques. Located about 17 miles (27 km) east of the main island of Puerto Rico, it is 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Vieques and 12 miles (19 km) west of Saint Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Culebra is spread over Culebra Pueblo, its historic and administrative center, and 5 barrios, which include the smaller islands or cays of Culebrita, Norte, and Luis Peña. Residents of the island are known as culebrenses. With a population of 1,792 as of the 2020 Census, it is the least populous municipality in Puerto Rico.

Originally called Isla del Pasaje and Isla de San Ildefonso, Culebra is also known as Isla Chiquita ("Little Island"), Cuna del Sol Borincano ("Cradle of the Puerto Rican Sun") and Última Virgen ("Last Virgin", due to its position at the end of the Virgin Islands archipelago).
Vehicle Production Group
The Vehicle Production Group LLC (commonly referred as VPG) was an American automobile manufacturer. Based in Miami, Florida, it made the wheelchair-accessible taxicabs, the "MV-1" (Mobility Vehicle-1), which was built in Mishawaka, Indiana at an AM General plant.

AM General
AM General is an American heavy vehicle and contract automotive manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana. It is best known for the civilian Hummer and the military Humvee that are assembled in Mishawaka, Indiana. From 1974 through 1979, the company also manufactured transit buses, making more than 5,400 of them.

AM General has also been a provider of vehicles for the CUCV program carried out by the United States Armed Forces.
Assyrian eclipse
The Assyrian eclipse, also known as the Bur-Sagale eclipse, was a solar eclipse recorded in Assyrian eponym lists that most likely dates to the tenth year of the reign of king Ashur-dan III.  The eclipse is identified with the one that occurred on 15 June 763 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.

Eponym dating system
In the history of Assyria, the eponym dating system was a calendar system for Assyria, for a period of over one thousand years. Every year was associated with the name, an eponym, of the Limmu, the official who led that year's New Year festival.

The dating system is thought to have originated in the ancient city of Assur, and remained the official dating system in Assyria until the end of the Assyrian Empire in the seventh century BC. The names of the limmu who became eponyms were originally chosen by lot sortition, until the first millennium it became a fixed rotation of officers headed by the king who constituted the limmu. The earliest known attestations of a year eponyms are at Karum-Kanesh, and became used in other Assyrian colonies in Anatolia. Its spread was due to Shamshi-Adad I's unification of northern Mesopotamia.
BP National Championships
The BP National Championships was a Grand Prix and ATP Tour tennis tournament played from 1988 to 1995. It was held in Wellington in New Zealand and was played on outdoor hard courts.

The tournament began as part of the Regular Series of the Grand Prix before joining the World Series of the ATP Tour when it was formed in 1990. After the tournament was replaced by the Qatar Open in 1993 it became a part of the ATP Challenger Series before being wound up in 1995.

New Zealand Championships
The New Zealand Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament founded in 1885 in Napier, New Zealand also known as the New Zealand National Lawn Tennis Championships or the  New Zealand Lawn Tennis Association Championships. The championships were organised by Tennis New Zealand, and played in various locations during its run that ended in 2020.
Spanish Revolution of 1854
The Spanish Revolution of 1854, also known by the name Vicalvarada, started with a confrontation between rebel troops under General Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan and government troops near the village of Vicálvaro.

This incident was followed by a military coup and a popular uprising, which occurred between 28 June and 28 July 1854, during the reign of Isabella II of Spain.

The Spanish Revolution ended the moderate decade (década moderada) (1844-1854) and started the progressive biennium (bienio progresista) (1854-1856).

Década moderada
In the history of Spain, the década moderada (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdekaða moðeˈɾaða], "moderate decade") was the period from May 1844 to July 1854, during which the Moderate Party continuously held power.
Coat of arms of Tunisia
The coat of arms of Tunisia is divided into three parts. The upper part features a Carthaginian galley sailing on the sea—the symbol of freedom. The lower part is itself divided vertically: on the left there is a black scale—the symbol of justice, and on the right is a black lion grasping a silver scimitar—the symbol of order. Between the two parts is a banner bearing the national motto: "Freedom, Order, Justice (حرية، نظام، عدالة). At the top of the coat of arms is a circle with a red border into which is inserted the red crescent and star appearing on the flag of Tunisia.

Until the law of 1963, the background was azure (upper part), gold (lower dexter part) and gules (lower sinistral part). Subsequently, the gold color uniformly replaces them. Only the motto inscribed on the coat of arms appears in the 1959 Constitution.

Freedom, Order, Justice
The motto of Tunisia is Freedom, Order, Justice (in Arabic حرية، نظام، عدالة; Ḥoṛiya, Niẓam, 'Adāla).  The original motto, Freedom, Order, Justice, in Arabic Ḥoṛiya, Niẓam, 'Adāla (حرية، نظام، عدالة), was adopted with the new coat of arms of independent Tunisia by the Beylical decree of 21 June 1956. After the abolition of the monarchy on 25 July 1957, the motto remained that of the republican regime.

It is enshrined in Article 4 of the 1959 Constitution of 1 June 1959. The law of 30 May 1963, modifying the coat of arms, also changes the order of the national motto: it becomes Order, Freedom, Justice (حرية، نظام، عدالة). The law of 2 September 1989 reverses the order of the national motto by returning to that of 1956.

The motto is changed to Freedom, Dignity, Justice, Order by Article 4 of the 2014 Constitution of 10 February 2014. The motto is again changed to Freedom, Order, Justice by Article 9 of the 2022 Constitution of 25 July 2022.
Liberalism in China
Liberalism (simplified Chinese: 自由主义; traditional Chinese: 自由主義; pinyin: zìyóu zhǔyì) in Greater China is a development from classical liberalism as it was introduced into China during the later years of the Qing dynasty and the Republican period. It focuses more on individualism, rather than communitarianism; a common feature of conservatism in China. Prominent liberals were attacked in the early years of the People's Republic of China but liberal ideas became influential after the end of the Cultural Revolution.

In the People's Republic of China, liberal thought covers a significant range of intellectual currents. Among others, varieties of liberal thought in the PRC include the liberal Marxists of the 1980s and the neoliberals of the 1990s.

Conservatism in China
Conservatism in China (simplified Chinese: 保守主义; traditional Chinese: 保守主義; pinyin: bǎoshǒu zhǔyì) emphasizes authority and meritocracy stemming from Confucian values, and economically, aims for state capitalism rather than free markets. Many Chinese conservatives reject original sin, empiricism, individualism or classical liberal principles and differ from modern Western conservatism because Chinese conservatism believes in the innate goodness of man, and has a strong rationalist and communitarian element. A major concern of modern Chinese conservatism is the preservation of traditional Chinese culture.
Cowardly Lion
The Cowardly Lion is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. He is depicted as an African lion, and like all animals in Oz, he can speak.

Although he often doubts himself, the Cowardly Lion nonetheless often demonstrates bravery in the face of danger. Since lions are supposed to be "The King of Beasts", the Cowardly Lion worries his own fear makes him inadequate, failing to understand that courage is not a lack of fear, but acting in the face of fear. His fear is alleviated only in the aftermath of the Wizard's gift, when he is under the influence of a liquid substance the Wizard orders him to drink. He argues that the courage from the Wizard is only temporary, though he continues to do brave deeds.

Tin Woodman
Nick Chopper, the Tin Woodman or the Tin Man, is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. He first appeared in his 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and reappeared in many other subsequent Oz books in the series. In late 19th-century America, men made out of various tin pieces were used in advertising and political cartoons. Baum, who was editing a magazine on decorating shop windows when he wrote The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, was inspired to create the Tin Woodman by a figure he had built out of metal parts for a shop display.
Margaret Nowell Graham
Margaret Nowell Graham (1867–1942) was an American artist who painted watercolors of flowers and landscapes. She was the mother of two national political figures Katherine G. Howard, Secretary of the Republican Party and advisor to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and John Stephens Graham, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.

Katherine G. Howard
Katherine Graham Howard (September 30, 1898 – January 26, 1986) was a graduate of Smith College with a bachelor's degree in politics and government. During the Eisenhower administration she served in the Federal Civil Defense Administration, U.S. delegate to NATO committee on civil defense, and Deputy U.S. Commissioner General to the Brussels World Fair. She was the daughter of artist Margaret Nowell Graham and Joseph L. Graham, a director at R.J. Reynolds. Her brothers were John Stephens Graham and Gregory Graham.
M1 motorway (Republic of Ireland)
The M1 motorway (Irish: Mótarbhealach M1) is a motorway in Ireland. It forms the large majority of the N1 national primary road connecting Dublin towards Belfast along the east of the island of Ireland. The route heads north via Swords, Drogheda and Dundalk to the Northern Irish border just south of Newry in County Armagh, where it joins the A1 road and further on, the M1 motorway in Northern Ireland. It also forms a significant part of the road connection between Dublin and the Northern Irish cities of Newry, and Lisburn.
The route is part of European route E01.

A1 road (Northern Ireland)
The A1 is a major route in Northern Ireland. It runs from Belfast via Lisburn and Banbridge to the border with the Republic of Ireland south of Newry, from where the road continues to Dublin, becoming the N1 road and M1 motorway. Between Sprucefield and Carrickcarnan the road forms part of the European route E01.
Foot in Mouth Disease
Foot In Mouth Disease is the fourth studio album by Canadian punk rock band Gob, released on April 1, 2003 in Canada by Nettwerk, internationally by Arista Records, and in Japan by BMG. It is the band’s final album with longtime bassist Craig Wood, as he left the band in 2004. Four singles were released from the album: "Give Up the Grudge", "Oh! Ellin", "Ming Tran" (which previously appeared on the F.U. EP), and "This Evil World".

Three of the album's tracks have been featured in many Electronic Arts video games. The album's second track "I've Been Up These Steps" was in NHL 2003, "Oh! Ellin" was in NHL 2004, and "Give Up the Grudge" was in Madden NFL 2004 and the 2003 film American Wedding. The song "Ming Tran" was featured in the Being Ian episode, "Band 'o' Bruthaz", which features Gob as guest stars.

Foot in Mouth Disease was nominated for "Favourite New Album" at the 2003 CASBY Awards.

Gob (band)
Gob is a Canadian punk rock band from Langley, British Columbia, formed in 1993. The band consists of Tom Thacker, Theo Goutzinakis, Gabe Mantle, and Steven Fairweather. They were nominated for a Juno Award for best new group in 2000, and received another Juno nomination for best video in 2002. Gob's most successful album is World According to Gob. Their best-selling songs to date are "I Hear You Calling", "Soda", and "Banshee Song". They have been featured in movies, TV shows, and many sporting video games such as NHL 2002, NHL 2003, NHL 2004, and Madden NFL 2004 with songs such as "Oh! Ellin", "I've Been Up These Steps", "Sick With You" (both re-mixed for the game), "I Hear You Calling", and "Give Up the Grudge". The band has appeared at several music festivals, the most well-known being the Vans Warped Tour.
Nigel Railton
Nigel Railton (born January 1967) is a British accountant and business executive who has been chair of Post Office Limited since May 2024. Previously, he had a long career with lottery operator Camelot Group where he was chief executive of Camelot UK from 2017 to 2023.

Camelot Group
Camelot Group was an operator of lotteries, particularly the UK National Lottery from 1994 to 2024.

It has also operated the Illinois State Lottery in the state of Illinois in the United States since 2018. The Camelot Group companies, of which Camelot UK Lotteries Limited is the UK National Lottery operating subsidiary, are owned by the holding company Premier Lotteries Investments UK Limited. The group's ultimate parent was the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, a Canadian investment fund until 2023 when Allwyn AG purchased Camelot.
Eastern Railway (Austria)
The Eastern Railway (German: Ostbahn), formerly also known as the Vienna-Győr railway (German: Wien-Raaber Bahn), is a two-track, electrified railway line that runs from Vienna towards Hungary. The name Eastern Railway refers to several branches of the line as well. The previous western terminus of the railway line in Vienna, Wien Südbahnhof, has been replaced by the new Hauptbahnhof, which allows for continuous east-west traffic and connects the Eastern Railway directly to the Western Railway and Southern Railway.

Wien Hauptbahnhof
Wien Hauptbahnhof, Vienna Central Station  or Vienna Main Station is the main railway station in Vienna, Austria, located in the Favoriten district. It became fully operational in December 2015, linking major railway lines from the north, east, south and west, and replacing the old Wien Südbahnhof terminus. With 268,000 daily commuters it is Austria's busiest long-distance railway station. Aside from being voted "Austria's most beautiful railway station" (six times in total; five years in a row), it was also second in Consumer Choice Center's ranking of "Top 10 Railway Stations for Passenger Convenience in Europe".
TP Mazembe
Tout Puissant Mazembe, commonly referred to as TP Mazembe, is a Congolese professional football club based in Lubumbashi. They were the first African and the first outside of Europe and South America to play in a Club World Cup final, losing 3-0 against Inter Milan in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup edition, finishing runners-up.

2010 FIFA Club World Cup
The 2010 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2010 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons) was a football tournament that was played from 8 to 18 December 2010. It was the seventh FIFA Club World Cup and was hosted by the United Arab Emirates.

Defending champions Barcelona did not qualify as they were eliminated in the semi-finals of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League by eventual champions Internazionale. African representatives TP Mazembe of DR Congo defeated South America's Internacional of Brazil in the semi-finals to become the first team from outside Europe or South America to reach a Club World Cup final. However, Mazembe were unable to pass the final hurdle, as they lost 3–0 to Internazionale in the final. It was Inter's third world title, having won the Club World Cup's predecessor – the Intercontinental Cup – in 1964 and 1965.
Visa requirements for Monégasque citizens
Visa requirements for Monégasque citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Monaco. As of 2025, Monégasque citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 176 countries and territories, ranking the Monégasque passport 14th overall in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index, making it the highest ranking passport of any European country not belonging to either the European Union or EFTA.

Monégasque passport
The Monégasque passport is issued to citizens of Monaco for international travel. In 2009 there were an estimated 6,000 in circulation.  The passport is burgundy in colour and has the national coat of arms and the words "Principauté de Monaco" (Principality of Monaco) on it.
Alaska State Legislature
The Alaska State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is a bicameral institution consisting of the 40-member Alaska House of Representatives (lower house) and the 20-member Alaska Senate (upper house). There are 40 House Districts (1–40) and 20 Senate Districts (A–T). With a total of 60 lawmakers, the Alaska State Legislature is the smallest bicameral state legislature in the United States and the second-smallest of all state legislatures (only the 49-member unicameral Nebraska Legislature is smaller). State representatives are elected by ranked-choice voting. There are no term limits for either chamber. The Alaska State Legislature meets in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau. The current meeting, since January 21, 2025 is the 34th Alaska State Legislature. The previous meeting, 33rd Alaska State Legislature, met from 2023 to 2025. Before that, the 32nd Alaska State Legislature, met from 2021 to 2023.

Alaska State Senate
The Alaska State Senate is the upper house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. It convenes in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau, Alaska and is responsible for making laws and confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.

With just twenty members, the Alaska Senate is the smallest state legislative chamber in the United States. Its members serve four-year terms and each represent an equal number of districts with populations of approximately 35,512 people, per 2010 census figures. They are not subject to term limits.
Architecture and Building Research Institute
The Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI; traditional Chinese: 建築研究所; simplified Chinese: 建筑研究所; pinyin: Jiànzhú Yánjiūsuǒ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kiàn-tio̍k Gián-kiù-só͘) a leading national research agency in Taiwan under the supervision of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)
The Ministry of the Interior (MOI; Chinese: 內政部; pinyin: Nèizhèngbù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Luē-chèng-pō͘) is a cabinet level ministry under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is the ministry responsible for home affairs and security throughout Taiwan, including population, land, construction, military service administration, national emergency services, local administration systems, law enforcement.
Riverbank Laboratories
Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories (RAL), (often referred to as Riverbank or Riverbank Labs), is a NVLAP accredited acoustical testing agency founded by George Fabyan in 1913.

The testing service remains a highly respected source of independent acoustical materials testing.  RAL specializes in STC (Sound Transmission Loss per ASTM E90), NRC (Sound Absorption per ASTM C423), IIC (Impact Sound Transmission per ASTM E492), and Sound Power (ISO 6926) testing. The current address for the company is 627 Riverbank Dr. Geneva, IL. This location also houses the Riverbank Acoustical Museum and Acoustical Library.

George Fabyan
"Colonel" George Fabyan (March 15, 1867 – May 17, 1936) was an American businessman who founded a private research laboratory. Fabyan's laboratory pioneered modern cryptography and was the forerunner of the NSA. The National Security Agency has recognized Riverbank Laboratories as the birthplace of U.S. cryptology.
Abraham Crijnssen
Abraham Crijnssen (died 1 February 1669) was a Dutch naval commander, notable for capturing the English colony in Suriname in 1667 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, resulting in the establishment of a long-term colony under Dutch control. The minesweeper HNLMS Abraham Crijnssen and the frigate HNLMS Abraham Crijnssen have been named after him.

Surinam (English colony)
Surinam, also known as Willoughbyland, was a short-lived early English colony in South America in what is now Suriname. It was founded in 1650 by Lord Willoughby when he was the Royalist Governor of Barbados.
Nikita Johnson
Nikita Andreas Johnson (born May 25, 2008) is an American racing driver who is set to compete in Indy NXT for Cape Motorsports Powered by ECR and in the IMSA SportsCar Championship for RLL Team McLaren.

Johnson was the 2024 USF Pro 2000 runner-up, driving for Velocity Racing Development. He also raced in FIA Formula 3 for DAMS and Hitech TGR in 2025.

2024 USF Pro 2000 Championship
The 2024 USF Pro 2000 Championship presented by Continental Tire was the 26th season in series history and the second under the USF Pro 2000 moniker after the three championships below the Indy NXT series were rebranded in 2023 following the acquisition of Indy NXT by Penske Entertainment.

Australian series rookie Lochie Hughes won the Drivers' Championship at the penultimate race of the season after collecting four wins and six further podium finishes. Pabst Racing, the team fielding the drivers in third and fourth in the standings, defended their Teams' Championship at the same race.
Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (Portland, Oregon)
Joan of Arc, also known as Joan of Arc, Maiden of Orleans, is an outdoor copy of Emmanuel Frémiet's equestrian statue Jeanne d'Arc (1874), installed in Portland, Oregon's Laurelhurst neighborhood, in the United States. The bronze sculpture, which depicts Joan of Arc, was donated to the city by Henry Waldo Coe, who saw Frémiet's original statue in Paris. Portland's copy arrived from France in 1924 and was dedicated on Memorial Day in 1925 in honor of the Doughboys of World War I.

Laurelhurst, Portland, Oregon
Laurelhurst is a neighborhood of vintage single-family homes and undulating streets surrounding a park of the same name, straddling the NE and SE sections of Portland. Stone markers flank the entrances to the area. The center of the neighborhood, Coe Circle, contains a gilded equestrian statue of Joan of Arc, which is a World War I war memorial. The Laurelhurst Historic District was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.