hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, 533 U.S. 606 (2001), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a claimant does not waive his right to challenge a regulation as an uncompensated regulatory taking by purchasing property after the enactment of the regulation challenged.

Regulatory takings in the United States
In United States constitutional law, a regulatory taking refers to a situation in which governmental regulations restrict the use of private property to an extent that the landowner is substantially deprived of the reasonable use or value of their property. This principle is grounded in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which stipulates that governments are obligated to provide just compensation for such takings. This amendment is applicable to state governments through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, thereby ensuring that property rights are protected at both federal and state levels.
Paterson (film)
Paterson is a 2016 drama film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. The film stars Adam Driver as a bus driver and poet named Paterson, and Golshifteh Farahani as his wife, who dreams of being a country music star and opening a cupcake business as the two live out their day to day life in Paterson, New Jersey.

Paterson was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Palm Dog Award. It was released in Germany on November 17, 2016, by K5 International; in France on December 21, 2016, by Le Pacte; and in the United States on December 28, 2016, by Amazon Studios and Bleecker Street.

Paterson, New Jersey
Paterson (English pronunciation: /ˈpætɚsən/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, Paterson was the state's third-most-populous municipality, with a population of 159,732, an increase of 13,533 (+9.3%) from the 2010 census count of 146,199, which in turn reflected a decline of 3,023 (-2.0%) from the 149,222 counted in the 2000 census. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 156,452 for 2023, making it the 168th-most populous municipality in the nation.

A prominent mill town within the New York–New Jersey metropolitan area, Paterson has been known as Silk City for its once-dominant role in silk production during the latter half of 19th century. It has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from Turkey, the Arab world, and South Asia. Paterson has the nation's second-largest per capita Muslim population.
Hunting with eagles
Hunting with eagles (Eagle hunting) is a traditional form of falconry found throughout the Eurasian Steppe, practiced by ancient Khitan and Turkic peoples. Today it is practiced by Kazakhs and the Kyrgyz in contemporary Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as diasporas in Bayan-Ölgii, Mongolia, and Xinjiang, China. Though they are most famous for hunting with golden eagles, they have also been known to train northern Eurasian goshawks, peregrine falcons, saker falcons, and more.

Bayan-Ölgii Province
Bayan-Ölgii (/ˈbaɪən ˈoʊlɡi/ BY-ən OHL-gee) is the westernmost of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. The country's only Muslim and Kazakh-majority aimag, it was established in August 1940, having its capital at Ölgii.
Tin Shing (constituency)
Tin Shing (Chinese: 天盛) is one of the 39 constituencies in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yuen Long District Council, with an election every four years. Tin Shing constituency is loosely based on part of Tin Shing Court in Tin Shui Wai with estimated population of 14,278.

Tin Shing Court
Tin Shing Court (Chinese: 天盛苑) is a Home Ownership Scheme court developed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Tin Yiu Estate, Light Rail Tin Yiu stop and Tin Shui Wai stop as well as MTR Tin Shui Wai station. It has totally 17 residential buildings completed in 1999.
Lianghui (Protestantism)
Protestantism in China uses lianghui (simplified Chinese: 两会; traditional Chinese: 兩會; pinyin: Liǎnghuì; Wade–Giles: Liang3 Hui4; lit. 'two meetings') to speak of the two Chinese government-sanctioned Protestant organizations: the Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) and the China Christian Council (CCC). Due to the close relationship between these two organizations, they are sometimes mistaken as the same organization.

China Christian Council
The China Christian Council (CCC; Chinese: 中国基督教协会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Jīdūjiào Xiéhuì) was founded in 1980 as an umbrella organization for all Protestant churches in the People's Republic of China with Bishop K. H. Ting as its president. It works to provide theological education and the publication of Bibles  (mostly in the Chinese Union Version), hymnals (the Chinese New Hymnal mostly), and other religious literature. It encourages the exchange of information among local churches in evangelism, pastoral work and administration. It has formulated a church order for local churches, and seeks to continue to develop friendly relations with churches overseas.
Roycroft
Roycroft was a reformist community of craft workers and artists which formed part of the Arts and Crafts movement in the United States. Elbert Hubbard founded the community in 1895, in the village of East Aurora, New York, near Buffalo. Participants were known as Roycrofters. The work and philosophy of the group, often referred to as the Roycroft movement, had a strong influence on the development of American architecture and design in the early 20th century.

East Aurora, New York
East Aurora is a village in Erie County, New York, United States, southeast of Buffalo. It lies in the eastern half of the town of Aurora. The village population was 5,998 per the 2020 census. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area. In 2015, East Aurora was rated the third-best town to raise a family in New York State by Niche. According to the National Council of Home Safety and Security, it is also among the safest places to live in New York State  (ranked 1st, 2018). The village is included on the List of Tree Cities USA.
Empress Nexus Venus
Empress Nexus Venus (エンプレス・ネクサス・ヴィーナス, En puresu Nekusasu vu~īnasu) (often stylized as ExV), formerly known as Club Venus (クラブ・ヴィーナス, Kurabu~Vīnasu), was a Japanese professional wrestling stable in World Wonder Ring Stardom. The stable was finally led by Maika, and also consisted of Hanako, Xena, Waka Tsukiyama and Rian.

Cosmic Angels
Cosmic Angels (コズミックエンジェル, Kozumikkuenjeru) is a professional wrestling stable, currently performing in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom. The stable primarily consists of the assumed defacto leader(s), Natsupoi and Saori Anou, along with Yuna Mizumori, Sayaka Kurara, and Aya Sakura who mainly compete in Stardom, and Saki who competes in the Japanese independent scene as an associate. They are often known by their catchphrase "We are and you are, delicious!" (私たちは、あなたはデリシャスです, Watashitachiha, anata wa derishasu desu).
Nan's Christmas Carol
Nan's Christmas Carol is a spin-off of The Catherine Tate Show. The one-off special, based on Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol, is about Nan visited by three ghosts on Christmas night in her council flat. It is the first episode in spin-off Catherine Tate's Nan specials.

The Catherine Tate Show
The Catherine Tate Show is a British television comedy sketch programme written by Catherine Tate and Derren Litten featuring a wide range of characters. The Catherine Tate Show aired on BBC Two and was shown worldwide through the BBC. Collectively, the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards, two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award, and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards, two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004.
Keynsham (album)
Keynsham is the fourth album by the Bonzo Dog Band. It was released in 1969 on Liberty Records.

The album title is a reference to Horace Batchelor, a football pools predictor from Keynsham who regularly advertised his service on pop music radio broadcasts in the early 1960s. In advertisements Batchelor would spell out the town's name when reading his postal address. The album starts with a line taken from Batchelor's radio advertisement "I have personally won over..."

In 2007 the album was re-issued on CD by EMI with five bonus tracks. These bonus tracks were not performed by the Bonzo Dog Band. Instead they are actually taken from later solo single releases from the group members. The solo tracks are performed by Vivian Stanshall & Kilgaron, Neil Innes, Roger Ruskin Spear, and Topo D. Bil (a pseudonym of "Legs" Larry Smith.)

Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band
The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band (also known as the Bonzo Dog Band or the Bonzo Dog Dada Band or the Bonzos) was created by a group of British art-school students in the 1960s. Combining elements of music hall, trad jazz and psychedelia with surreal humour and avant-garde art, the Bonzos came to public attention through appearances in the Beatles' 1967 film Magical Mystery Tour and the 1968 ITV comedy show Do Not Adjust Your Set.
Antonio Rebollo
Antonio Rebollo Liñán (born 19 June 1955) is a Spanish Paralympic archer. During the opening ceremony of the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, he lit the Olympic Cauldron by shooting a flaming arrow over it, igniting the gases.

Olympic flame
The Olympic flame is a symbol used in the Olympic movement. It is also a symbol of continuity between ancient and modern games. The Olympic flame is lit at Olympia, Greece. This ceremony starts the Olympic torch relay, which formally ends with the lighting of the Olympic cauldron during the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The flame then continues to burn in the cauldron (or in a lantern as in 2024) for the duration of the Games until it is extinguished during the Olympic closing ceremony.
Boeing Boeing (1965 film)
Boeing Boeing is a 1965 American bedroom farce comedy film based on the 1960 French play Boeing-Boeing. It stars Tony Curtis and Jerry Lewis. Released on December 22, 1965, it was the last film that Lewis made for Paramount Pictures, which had produced all of his films since My Friend Irma (1949).

Boeing-Boeing (play)
Boeing-Boeing is a farce written by the French playwright Marc Camoletti. The English-language adaptation, translated by Beverley Cross, was first staged in London at the Apollo Theatre in 1962 and transferred to the Duchess Theatre in 1965, running for seven years. In 1991, the play was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the most performed French play throughout the world.
Pygmy (UK goat breed)
The Pygmy is a British breed of dwarf goat. It is small, compact and generally stockily built. It was established in the 1980s by fusion of the various miniature goat populations of the United Kingdom into a single breed. These were of two principal types: a stocky achondroplastic type derived from the West African Dwarf group of breeds of West Africa; and a small but well-proportioned type derived from the Southern Sudan goat.: 402

West African dwarf goat
The West African Dwarf is a large and variable breed or group of breeds of domestic goat from coastal West and Central Africa, a range extending roughly from Senegal to Congo. It is characterised by achondroplasia or dwarfism, a trait that may have evolved in response to conditions in the humid forests of the area, and also by some degree of resistance to tsetse-borne trypanosomiasis or "sleeping sickness".: 106

Many regional strains or breeds are within the group; other names for the group as a whole include African Dwarf, Djallonké or Fouta Jallon, Grassland Dwarf or Chèvre Naine des Savanes, Guinean or Guinean Dwarf,  Forest Goat, and Pygmy.: 416 : 52
Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory
The Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory, is a museum and factory tour attraction located in Louisville, Kentucky's "Museum Row", part of the West Main District of downtown. The museum showcases the story of Louisville Slugger baseball bats in baseball and in American history. The museum also creates temporary exhibits with more of a pop culture focus, including collaborations with the Norman Rockwell Museum, the Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center, Coca-Cola, LEGO artists Sean Kenney and Jason Burik, Topps Trading Cards, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, and Ripley's Believe It or Not!.

The building also houses corporate offices for Hillerich & Bradsby (H&B) and its two other divisions, Bionic Gloves and PowerBilt Golf Clubs. Wilson Sporting Goods also maintains much of its Louisville Slugger sales force in the building after purchasing the brand from H&B in 2015. The Hillerich family maintains ownership of the museum and bat factory.

Hillerich & Bradsby
Hillerich & Bradsby Company (H&B) is an American manufacturing company located in Louisville, Kentucky, that produces baseball bats for Wilson Sporting Goods, which commercializes them under the "Louisville Slugger" brand.

The company also operates the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory in downtown Louisville, and produces gloves for sports such as golf, cycling, fitness, and gardening under the "Bionic Gloves" brand.

Until 2015, H&B owned the "Louisville Slugger" brand. In that year they sold it to Wilson, although their factory still makes the baseball bats bearing that name.
Stiltsville
Stiltsville is a group of wood stilt houses located one mile south of Cape Florida, on sand banks of the Safety Valve on the edge of Biscayne Bay in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The structures stand on wood or reinforced concrete pilings, generally ten feet above the shallow water, which varies from one to three feet deep at low tide.

Biscayne Bay
Biscayne Bay is a lagoon with characteristics of an estuary located on the Atlantic coast of South Florida. The northern end of the lagoon is surrounded by the densely developed heart of the Miami metropolitan area while the southern end is largely undeveloped with a large portion of the lagoon included in Biscayne National Park.

The part of the lagoon that is traditionally called "Biscayne Bay" is approximately 35 miles (56 km) long and up to 8 miles (13 km) wide, with a surface area of 221 square miles (570 km2). Various definitions may include Dumfoundling Bay, Card Sound, and Barnes Sound in a larger "Biscayne Bay", which is 60 miles (97 km) long with a surface area of about 271 square miles (700 km2).
Massachusetts Route 27
Route 27 is a 73.44-mile-long (118.19 km) south–north state highway in eastern Massachusetts. Its southern terminus is at Route 106 in Kingston and its northern terminus is at Route 4 in Chelmsford. Along the way it intersects several major highways including Route 24 in Brockton, U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Walpole, Route 9 in Natick, US 20 in Wayland, Route 225 in Westford, Route 2, Route 119, Route 2A, and Route 111 all in Acton.

Route 30 in Wayland, Route 135 in Natick,

Natick, Massachusetts
Natick (/ˈneɪtɪk/ NAY-tik) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the center of the MetroWest region of Massachusetts, with a population of 37,006 at the 2020 census. 10 miles (16 km) west of Boston, Natick is part of the Greater Boston area. Massachusetts's center of population was in Natick at the censuses of 2000–2020, most recently in the vicinity of Hunters Lane.
Sarti surface
In algebraic geometry, a Sarti surface is a degree-12 nodal surface with 600 nodes, found by Alessandra Sarti in 1999 and published by her in 2001. The maximal possible number of nodes of a degree-12 surface is not known (as of 2015), though Yoichi Miyaoka showed that it is at most 645.

Sarti has also found sextic, octic and dodectic nodal surfaces with high numbers of nodes and high degrees of symmetry.

Sextic with 48 node

Sextic with 48 node

Octic with 72 nodes

Octic with 144 nodes

Dodectic surface with 360 nodes

3D model of Sarti surface

Alessandra Sarti
Alessandra Sarti (born 1974) is an Italian mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry. She is the namesake of the Sarti surface, and has also published research on K3 surfaces. She works in France as a professor at the University of Poitiers and deputy director of the Institut national des sciences mathématiques et de leurs interactions (Insmi) of the French National Centre for Scientific Research in Paris.
Odds Against Tomorrow
Odds Against Tomorrow is a 1959 American film noir produced and directed by Robert Wise and starring Harry Belafonte, Robert Ryan and Ed Begley. Belafonte selected Abraham Polonsky to write the script, which is based on a novel of the same name by William P. McGivern. Blacklisted in those years, Polonsky had to use a front and John O. Killens was credited. Polonsky's screenwriting credit was restored in 1996 in his own name.

Robert Ryan
Robert Bushnell Ryan (November 11, 1909 – July 11, 1973) was an American actor and activist. He became known for his roles in films noir and Westerns, gaining fame for his portrayals of both hardened anti-heroes and ruthless villains. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Crossfire (1947), and a BAFTA Award for his performance in Billy Budd (1962). He was also an accomplished stage actor, winning a Drama Desk Award for a 1971 revival of Long Day's Journey into Night.

Though he never achieved the A-list stardom of some of his Hollywood peers, Ryan nonetheless remained a popular performer, well-regarded by both critics and his peers. Critic Manohla Dargis wrote, "[Ryan] was the type of next-level star and B-movie stalwart that helped make old Hollywood great" and "born to play beautifully tortured, angry souls."
Kōwhai Intermediate School
Kōwhai Intermediate School is a state co-educational intermediate school located in the suburb of Kingsland in Auckland, New Zealand. The school opened in October 1922, and was the first intermediate school in New Zealand.

Kingsland, New Zealand
Kingsland is an inner-city suburb of Auckland, the largest and most populous urban area in New Zealand. Kingsland is under the local governance of the Auckland Council. It is the home of Eden Park, New Zealand's largest stadium, which hosted the finals for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Kingsland has a village centre that contains a series of shops, restaurants, pubs and monthly markets.

Kingsland was established in the 1880s with the sale of allotments; the buildings predominantly date from the Edwardian and the interwar periods.New North Road is the main thoroughfare in Kingsland, running northeast–southwest from the Auckland Central Business District (CBD), with the suburb running along the ridge line. Kingsland's main street is located on New North Road next to the Kingsland railway station and directly across from Eden Park.
Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.

Museum of the Shenandoah Valley
The Museum of the Shenandoah Valley (MSV) is a museum complex located in Winchester, Virginia, that opened in 2005. The institution comprises the museum building designed by architect Michael Graves, the historic Glen Burnie House, and a surrounding landscape of formal gardens.  The museum focuses on the art, history, and material culture of the Shenandoah Valley and its surrounding region.
Galasy ZMesta
Galasy ZMesta (Belarusian: Галасы ЗМеста [ɣalaˈsɨ ˈzmʲɛsta], lit. 'Voices from the Place') is a Belarusian band that was formed in 2020 in the city of Baranavichy.

The band was selected by national broadcaster BTRC to represent Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Ya nauchu tebya (I'll Teach You)", that was released on 9 March 2021. However, on 11 March 2021, it was decided by the European Broadcasting Union that their song had put "the non-political nature of Eurovision in question" and the song was disqualified. The band presented a second song "Pesnya pro zaytsev (Song About Hares)" which was in its turn rejected by the EBU for similar reasons depriving the band and Belarus from taking part in the 2021 contest altogether.

Ya nauchu tebya (I'll Teach You)
"Ya nauchu tebya (I'll Teach You)" (Russian: Я научу тебя) is a song by Belarusian band Galasy ZMesta. The song was selected by the Belarusian national broadcaster BTRC to represent Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, but was rejected by the competition's organisers for having content which they believed was too political in nature. The music video was also taken down from the official Eurovision site.
Glyndŵr's Way
Glyndŵr's Way (Welsh: Llwybr Glyndŵr) is a long-distance footpath in mid-Wales. It is designated as a National Trail and runs for 135 miles (217 km) in an extended loop through Powys between Knighton and Welshpool, and anchored on Machynlleth to the west.

National Trails
National Trails are long distance footpaths and bridleways in England and Wales. They are administered by Natural England, an agency of the UK government, and Natural Resources Wales, a Welsh government-sponsored body. National Trails are marked with an acorn symbol along the route and are marked on Ordnance Survey maps. In Scotland, the equivalent trails are called Scotland's Great Trails and are administered by NatureScot.

The majority of long-distance footpaths in the United Kingdom are not designated as National Trails, but are instead described and way-marked by other public bodies, by local authorities, or by private association or individuals. Some of these are also marked on Ordnance Survey maps.
Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.

Cognitive synonymy
Cognitive synonymy is a type of synonymy in which synonyms are so similar in meaning that they cannot be differentiated either denotatively or connotatively, that is, not even by mental associations, connotations, emotive responses, and poetic value. It is a stricter (more precise) technical definition of synonymy, specifically for theoretical (e.g., linguistic and philosophical) purposes. In usage employing this definition, synonyms with greater differences are often called near-synonyms rather than synonyms (compare also plesionyms).