hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Progressive Citizens' Party
The Progressive Citizens' Party in Liechtenstein (German: Fortschrittliche Bürgerpartei in Liechtenstein, FBP) is a conservative political party in Liechtenstein. The FBP is one of the two major political parties in Liechtenstein, along with the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. Founded in 1918 along with the now-defunct Christian-Social People's Party, it is the oldest extant party in Liechtenstein.

Christian-Social People's Party (Liechtenstein)
The Christian-Social People's Party (German: Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei, CSV), often shortened to simply the People's Party (German: Volkspartei, VP), was a social liberal political party in Liechtenstein. It tended to be more popular in the Oberland, and supported closer ties with Switzerland as opposed to Austria. Founded in 1918, the Christian-Social People's Party and the Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) were the first political parties in Liechtenstein. In 1936, it merged with the Liechtenstein Homeland Service to form the Patriotic Union.
Floyd Bennett
Floyd Bennett (October 25, 1890 – April 25, 1928) was a United States Naval Aviator who, along with then USN Commander Richard E. Byrd, made the first flight to the North Pole in May 1926. However, their claim to have reached the pole is disputed.

Richard E. Byrd
Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an American naval officer, and pioneering aviator, polar explorer, and organizer of polar logistics. Aircraft flights in which he served as a navigator and expedition leader crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a segment of the Arctic Ocean, and a segment of the Antarctic Plateau. He is also known for discovering Mount Sidley, the largest dormant volcano in Antarctica.

Byrd claimed to be the first to reach both the North and South Poles by air. However, there is some controversy as to whether he was actually the first person to reach the North Pole. It is generally believed that the distance he claimed to have flown was longer than the possible fuel range of his airplane.

He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration, and the Navy Cross, the second highest honor for valor given by the U.S. Navy.
Vodafone India
Vodafone India was the Indian subsidiary of United Kingdom-based Vodafone Group and was a provider of telecommunications services in India with its operational head office in Mumbai.

As of March 2018, Vodafone India had a market share of 21%, and with its merger with Idea, the collective Vodafone Idea network has approximately 375 million subscribers and is the third largest mobile telecommunications network in India.

Vodafone
Vodafone Group Public Limited Company (/ˈvoʊdəfoʊn/) is a British multinational telecommunications company. Its registered office and global headquarters are in Newbury, Berkshire, England. It predominantly operates services in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania.

As of January 2025, Vodafone owns and operates networks in 15 countries, with partner networks in 46 further countries.

Vodafone has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company has a secondary listing on the NASDAQ as American depositary receipts (ADRs).
Britons Publishing Society
Britons Publishing Society, founded in 1923, was an offshoot of The Britons. According to scholar Gisela C. Lebzelter, The Britons split because:

... internal disagreements proved paralysing. Seven members were excluded in November 1923, and three executives members, J. H. Clarke, the famous British homeopath, R. T. Cooper and W. A. Peters, seceded to establish 'The Britons Publishing Society'.

On 15 December 1923 the three executed a memorandum in which they expressed their organisational purpose as follows:

"propagating views in regard to the Jews, the Christian Religion, the Government of the British Isles and the British Empire,
and other matters which, in our opinion from time to time,
it is in the interests of the British Public should be expressed and distributed and to do anything at all which, in our opinion, equips us for this purpose.

The Society to be conducted not for the purpose of making profit"

The Britons
The Britons was an English antisemitic and anti-immigration organisation founded in July 1919 by Henry Hamilton Beamish and John Henry Clarke. The organisation published pamphlets and propaganda under the names Judaic Publishing Co. and later The Britons, and (The) Britons Publishing Society. These entities mainly engaged in disseminating antisemitic literature and rhetoric in the United Kingdom. The organisation was on the forefront of British Fascists. Imprints under the first label exist for 1920, 1921, and 1922.

According to historian Sharman Kadish, The Britons was "the most extreme group disseminating anti-Semitic propaganda in the early 1920s - indeed the first organisation set up in Britain for this express purpose."
Pichaikkaran 2
Pichaikkaran 2 (transl. Beggar 2) also known as Pichaikkaran 2: Anti Bikili is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Vijay Antony in his directorial debut. The film stars Antony in a dual role, alongside an ensemble cast of Kavya Thapar, Radha Ravi, Yogi Babu, Hareesh Peradi, Dev Gill, John Vijay, Y. G. Mahendran and Mansoor Ali Khan. It is a standalone sequel to the 2016 film Pichaikkaran.

While directing and acting in the film, Vijay Antony also handled the editing and music composition for the film. The cinematography was handled by Om Narayan.

Pichaikkaran 2 was released on 19 May 2023.

Pichaikkaran
Pichaikkaaran (transl. Beggar) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language action drama film written and directed by Sasi, produced by Fatima Vijay Antony and starring Vijay Antony and Satna Titus,  Bagavathi Perumal, Vazhakku En Muthuraman, and Dheepa Ramanujam. Antony also composed the music for the film. The story is about Arul (Vijay Antony), a billionaire businessman who leads a 48-day long secret life as a beggar as part of a religious offering to save his comatose mother who seems destined to die.

Pichaikkaaran was released on 4 March 2016 to positive reviews from critics and became a blockbuster at the box office. The film was remade in Odia as Baby, in Marathi as Bhikari and in Kannada as Amma I Love You.
Grafton monster
In West Virginia folklore, the Grafton Monster is a cryptid reported in and around Grafton, West Virginia, primarily associated with a cluster of sightings and local publicity in 1964. Descriptions vary by source, but the creature is commonly portrayed as a very tall, pale or light-colored figure, sometimes described as appearing headless and producing an unusual whistling sound.

West Virginia folklore
West Virginia has a rich tradition of folklore – including folktales, legends, and superstitions – resulting from the diverse ethnicities, religions, languages, and culture of migrants who moved there in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
NOAAS Ronald H. Brown
NOAAS Ronald H. Brown (R 104) is a Thomas G. Thompson-class blue-water research vessel of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. She is NOAA's only Global-Class research ship.

The ship is named for United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown, who was killed while in office in a plane crash on 3 April 1996 while on a trade mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina.

RV Thomas G. Thompson (T-AGOR-23)
RV Thomas G. Thompson (AGOR-23) is an oceanographic research vessel and lead ship of her class, owned by the United States Office of Naval Research and operated under a bareboat charterparty agreement by the University of Washington as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet.
Taliqua Clancy
Taliqua Clancy (born 25 June 1992) is an Australian volleyball and beach volleyball player who represented Australia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in beach volleyball, partnered with Louise Bawden. She is the first Indigenous Australian volleyball player to represent Australia at the Olympics. Clancy plays as a left-side blocker.

Louise Bawden
Louise Bawden (born 7 August 1981) is an Australian indoor and beach volleyball player. She represented Australia at the 2000 Summer Olympics in indoor volleyball, finishing in 9th. She was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in beach volleyball, but she and team-mate Becchara Palmer did not qualify from the pool stage.
Dinov (Hasidic dynasty)
Dinov (Yiddish: דינאָוו‎, Hebrew: דינוב‎) is the name of a Hasidic dynasty, descended from Rabbi Tzvi Elimelech Spira of Dinov (c. 1783 – 1841), also called "the Bnei Yisaschar" after his popular work: בני יששכר‎ [Bene Yiśaśkhar]. Dinov is the Yiddish name of Dynów, a town in southern Poland, in the historic region of Galicia.

Notable Hasidic movements descended from the Dinov dynasty are Munkatch and Bluzhov.

Bluzhev (Hasidic dynasty)
Bluzhev (also spelled Bluzhov or Bluzov) is a Hasidic dynasty originating in Błażowa, Poland and currently based in Brooklyn, NY. Founded by Rabbi Tzvi Elimelech Spira in the early 1880s, it was destroyed during the Holocaust and reestablished in the United States by Rabbi Yisroel Spira. In 2015, after the death of Grand Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Spira, the court splintered into three smaller groups, one retaining the name Bluzev and the others going under the names Ribatitch and Bluzhev. All are centered in Brooklyn.
Merrick (Galloway)
The Merrick (from Gaelic meurag, "fingered, knucked") is a mountain in the Range of the Awful Hand, a sub-range of the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The summit elevation is 843 metres (2,766 feet), making it the highest mountain in the Southern Uplands and southern Scotland.

Galloway Hills
The Galloway Hills are part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland, and form the northern boundary of western Galloway. They lie within the bounds of the Galloway Forest Park, an area of some 300 square miles (800 km2) of largely uninhabited wild land, managed by Forestry and Land Scotland. The unusual place names reflect a mixture of the Old Norse and Scottish Gaelic languages and hint at the range of influences which have acted on society within the area over the centuries.
Sonny Digital
Sonny Corey Uwaezuoke (born March 5, 1991), better known by his stage name Sonny Digital, is an American record producer, rapper, and DJ. He first saw recognition for his production work on YC's 2011 single "Racks", which peaked within the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100. Throughout the following decade, he was credited on a string of commercially successful hip hop and trap singles including ILoveMakonnen's "Tuesday", Future's "Same Damn Time", 50 Cent's "I'm the Man", 2 Chainz's "Birthday Song", and Travis Scott's "Stargazing". Uwaezuoke has also produced for XXL Magazine's Freshman Hip Hop Cyphers in 2017 and 2018, and pursued a lukewarmly-received career as a recording artist.

Early in their respective careers, he discovered and worked in tandem with Metro Boomin, 808 Mafia, Southside, and TM88 for his productions. He signed with Universal Music Publishing Group in 2014.

ILoveMakonnen
Makonnen Kamali Sheran (born April 12, 1989), better known by his stage name iLoveMakonnen (often stylized in all caps), is an American rapper and singer. He is best known for his 2014 single "Tuesday", which gained recognition following its remix with Canadian rapper Drake. After its release in August of that year, he signed with Drake's record label OVO Sound, an imprint of Warner Records that same month; the song was re-released by the label shortly after and subsequently peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Tuesday" was also nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, and served as the lead single for his likewise re-issued self-titled debut extended play (2014), which moderately entered the Billboard 200. He parted ways with OVO in 2016, and his following releases have failed to chart.
Workers Democratic Party
The Workers National Democratic Party (WDP) (Arabic: حزب العمال الديمقراطي) is a workers' political party in Egypt formed shortly after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. It is backed by the Federation of Egyptian Trade Unions and forms part of the Coalition of Socialist Forces. The party name is sometimes translated in English as Democratic Workers Party, Democratic Labour Party or Labour Democratic Party.

Coalition of Socialist Forces
The Coalition of Socialist Forces (CSF; Arabic: تحالف القوى الاشتراكية, romanized: Taḥāluf al-Quwá al-Ishtirākīyah) is a coalition of five socialist and left-wing groups in Egypt formed on 10 May 2011. The different forces agreed to enter into a "socialist front" in order "to create a more dominant leftist force" in post-revolutionary Egypt. As of 31 May 2011, the CSF is reported to have a combined membership of over 5,000 members.
Arche (mythology)
Archē (Ancient Greek: Ἀρχή) in ancient Greek religion was the muse of origins and beginnings. She was one of the 4 (alternatively) identified Boeotian muses recognized in Delphi, also known as the Mouse Titanides.

As time passed, nine muses dedicated to the arts, sciences, and literature were uniformly recognized around Greece, now known as the Olympian Muses. The nine muses were daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and are more familiar in classical descriptions of the muses than the earlier four.

This was largely adapted into the ancient Roman religion as well. According to Cicero's De Natura Deorum ("On the Nature of the Gods"), "As to the Muses, there were at first four—Thelxiope, Aœde, Arche, and Melete—daughters of the second Jupiter." Cicero identifies the main nine muses as "daughters of the third Jupiter and Mnemosyne."

Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moúsai, [ˈmuː.sai̯]; singular: Μοῦσα, Moúsa, [ˈmuː.sa]; Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses, [ˈmuː.ses]) were the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.

The number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.

In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.
Lexical diffusion
Lexical diffusion is the hypothesis that a sound change is an abrupt change that spreads gradually across the words in a language to which it is applicable.
It contrasts with the Neogrammarian view that a sound change results from phonetically-conditioned articulatory drift acting uniformly on all applicable words, which implies that sound changes are regular, with exceptions attributed to analogy and dialect borrowing.

Similar views were expressed by Romance dialectologists in the late 19th century but were reformulated and renamed by William Wang and coworkers studying varieties of Chinese in the 1960s and the 1970s.
William Labov found evidence for both processes but argued that they operate at different levels.

Neogrammarian
The Neogrammarians (German: Junggrammatiker, pronounced [ˈjʊŋɡʁaˌmatɪkɐ] ⓘ, lit. 'young grammarians') were a German school of linguists, originally at the University of Leipzig, in the late 19th century who proposed the Neogrammarian hypothesis of the regularity of sound change.
Kalligrammatidae
Kalligrammatidae, sometimes known as kalligrammatids or kalligrammatid lacewings, is a family of extinct insects in the order Neuroptera (lacewings) that contains twenty genera and a number of species.  The family lived from the Middle Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous before going extinct.  Species of the family are known from Europe, Asia, and South America.  The family has been occasionally described as "butterflies of the Jurassic" based on their resemblance to modern butterflies in morphology and ecological niche.

Neuroptera
The insect order Neuroptera, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron), meaning "nerve", and πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing", also known as net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera is grouped together with the Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia).

Adult neuropterans have four membranous wings, all about the same size, with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis.

Neuropterans first appeared during the Permian period, and continued to diversify through the Mesozoic era. During this time, several unusually large forms evolved, especially in the extinct family Kalligrammatidae, often called "the butterflies of the Jurassic" for their large, patterned wings.
Transrail Freight
Transrail was a trainload rail freight operator based in St Blazey, England, UK with a large operating area including Scotland, Wales and the west of England. It was formed in 1994 from part of British Rail's Trainload Freight division, as part of the privatisation of British Rail.

Mainline Freight, Loadhaul and Transrail were purchased by a consortium led by Wisconsin Central in 1996 and amalgamated into a new company, English Welsh & Scottish.

Mainline Freight
Mainline Freight was a trainload rail freight operator based in Islington, London, England with operations extending to Yorkshire in the north and Somerset in the west. It was formed from part of British Rail's Trainload Freight division as part of the privatisation of British Rail.

Mainline Freight, Loadhaul and Transrail were purchased by a consortium led by Wisconsin Central in 1996 and amalgamated into a new company, English Welsh & Scottish.
Deuce Lutui
Taitusi "Deuce" Lutui (born May 4, 1983) is a Tongan former player of American football who was a guard for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans, earning consensus All-American honors in 2005. He was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the second round of the 2006 NFL draft, and also played for the NFL's Tennessee Titans. One of several Tongans who have played in the NFL, he is a cousin of Vai Sikahema, the first Tongan ever to play in the NFL.

Vai Sikahema
Vai Sikahema (born 29 August 1962) is a Tongan broadcaster and former professional American football player. He played as a running back and return specialist in the National Football League (NFL). He has served as a general authority seventy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since April 2021.

Sikahema led his high school team in Arizona to the 1979 state championship game. He played college football for the Brigham Young University (BYU) Cougars, and was selected by the St. Louis Cardinals (later the Phoenix Cardinals) in the tenth round of the 1986 NFL draft. He also played for the Green Bay Packers and Philadelphia Eagles before retiring after the 1993 season. The first Tongan ever to play in the NFL, he played for eight seasons from 1986 to 1993. After retiring from the NFL, he served as sports director for NBC 10, the NBC owned-and-operated station in Philadelphia from 1994 to 2020.
Greensboro Urban Loop
The Greensboro Urban Loop is a 39.5-mile (63.6 km) Interstate Highway beltway that surrounds Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. The Urban Loop carries I-73, I-85, I-785, I-840, and US 421. It is primarily located within Greensboro city limits, though it often crisscrosses the city line. The right-of-way of the Urban Loop and its interchanges between South Elm-Eugene Street and Huffine Mill Road was annexed by the city of Greensboro in 2005. The final segment to be built, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) between North Elm Street and I-785/US 29, opened to traffic on January 23, 2023.

Interstate 840 (North Carolina)
Interstate 840 (I-840) is a 21.9-mile (35.2 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway and state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is the northern half of the Greensboro Urban Loop beltway around the city of Greensboro. It connects I-40, I-73, and US 421 in the west with I-40, I-85, and I-785 in the east, and was completed on January 23, 2023.

I-840 runs concurrently with I-73 from its western terminus to its interchange with Bryan Boulevard in the northwest and I-785 from its interchange with US 29 (North O'Henry Boulevard) in the northeast to its eastern terminus. The route provides a continuous freeway bypass around Greensboro's west, north, and east sides.
Time After Time (Alexander novel)
Time After Time is a 1979 science fiction novel by American writer Karl Alexander. Its plot speculates what might have happened if H. G. Wells had built a real time machine to travel to the 1970s in search of Jack the Ripper.

The novel was adapted to film the same year, under the same title, by Alexander's friend Nicholas Meyer who had optioned the story after reading the early pages. Meyer wrote his screenplay as Alexander finished the novel and the two freely shared ideas for their respective iterations. A short-lived television series adaptation aired in 2017.

Time After Time (1979 film)
Time After Time is a 1979 American science fiction film written and directed by Nicholas Meyer and starring Malcolm McDowell, David Warner, and Mary Steenburgen. Filmed in Panavision, it was the directing debut of Meyer, whose screenplay is based on the premise from Karl Alexander's novel Time After Time (which was unfinished at the time) and a story by Alexander and Steve Hayes. The film presents a story in which British author H. G. Wells uses his time machine to pursue Jack the Ripper into the 20th century.
Charles de Fitz-James, 4th Duke of Fitz-James
Charles, duc de Fitz-James (4 November 1712 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye – 22 March 1787 at his hôtel particulier, Paris) was a French general and 4th Duke of Fitz-James, who descended from the British House of Stuart. He rose to become a peer and Marshal of France.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Cairns Control Room
Cairns Control Room is a heritage-listed military building at Grafton Street, Cairns City, Cairns, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1942 by the Queensland Department of Public Works. It is also known as World War II Volunteer Defence Corps, Cairns Scout Hut, and Cairns Scout Shop. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 April 2010.

Cairns City
Cairns City is a coastal suburb at the centre of Cairns in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as the Cairns Central Business District (CBD). In the 2021 census, Cairns City had a population of 3,616 people.