hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grassmann number
In mathematical physics, a Grassmann number, named after Hermann Grassmann (also called an anticommuting number or supernumber), is an element of the exterior algebra of a complex vector space. The special case of a 1-dimensional algebra is known as a dual number. Grassmann numbers saw an early use in physics to express a path integral representation for fermionic fields, although they are now widely used as a foundation for superspace, on which supersymmetry is constructed.

Dual number
In algebra, the dual numbers are a quadratic algebra first introduced in the 19th century. They are expressions of the form a + bε, where a and b are real numbers, and ε is a symbol taken to satisfy  with .

Dual numbers can be added component-wise, and multiplied by the formula

which follows from the property ε2 = 0 and the fact that multiplication is a bilinear operation.

The dual numbers form a commutative algebra of dimension two over the reals, and also an Artinian local ring. They are one of the simplest examples of a ring that has nonzero nilpotent elements.
The Varsity Match
The Varsity Match is an annual rugby union fixture played between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in England. The event began in 1872 with the first men's match, with interruptions only for the two World Wars and the COVID-19 pandemic. From 1921 to 2023 the game was played at Twickenham Stadium, London and usually took place in early December. The game is now played in March and will take place at StoneX Stadium in 2024.

Following the 141st match in 2023, Oxford have 62 wins, and Cambridge maintain the lead with 65; 14 games have ended in draws. Varsity matches between Oxford and Cambridge are also arranged in various other sports.

The women's rugby Varsity Match was first played in 1988 and has taken place at Twickenham on the same day as the men's game since 2015. Cambridge won the 2019 match, repeating their 8–5 victory of 2018.

Oxford University RFC
The Oxford University Rugby Football Club (Oxford University RFC or OURFC) is the rugby union club of the University of Oxford. The club contests The Varsity Match every year against Cambridge University at Twickenham.
Cyborg Foundation
The Cyborg Foundation is a nonprofit organization created in 2010 by cyborg activists and artists Moon Ribas and Neil Harbisson. The foundation is a platform for the research, creation and promotion of projects related to extending and creating new senses and perceptions by applying technology to the human body. The Cyborg Foundation was first housed in Tecnocampus Scientific Park (Barcelona) and is currently based in New York City. It collaborates with several institutions, universities and research centers around the world.

Their mission is to assist humans in becoming cyborgs, promote the use of cybernetics as part of the human body and defend cyborg rights. 
They have donated cyborg antennas to blind communities and have taught the use of colour-sensing technology to blind children to help them develop the sense of colour. The foundation believes that some cybernetic extensions should be treated as body parts, not as devices.

Cyborg antenna
A cyborg antenna is an osseointegrated device implanted in a human skull. The antenna, composed of a wireless camera on one end and a wireless sound vibration implant on the other end, allows wireless communication and wireless transmission of images, sound or video from skull to skull.
The antenna uses audible vibrations in the skull to report information.  This includes measurements of electromagnetic radiation, phone calls, music, as well as video or images which are transmitted through audible vibrations. The Wi-Fi enabled antenna also allows the reception signals and data from satellites.
Union of the Socialist Left
The Union of the Socialist Left (French: Union de la gauche socialiste, UGS) was a French movement of left-wing activists, founded on 7–8 December 1957 by dissidents from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO); former members of the French Resistance, until then close to the Communist Party; social Christian trade-unionists (Ligue de la jeune République and the minority of the Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC)). It was the first alliance between social Christians and Marxists. The UGS merged with the Autonomous Socialist Party in 1960 to form the Unified Socialist Party (PSU).

Unified Socialist Party (France)
The Unified Socialist Party (French: Parti Socialiste Unifié, PSU) was a socialist political party in France, founded on April 3, 1960. It was originally led by Édouard Depreux (from its creation to 1967).
Guanacaste Province
Guanacaste (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwanaˈkaste]) is a province of Costa Rica in the northwestern part of the country, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Alajuela Province to the east, and Puntarenas Province to the southeast. It is the most sparsely populated province in Costa Rica. Guanacaste has an area of 10,141 square kilometres (3,915 sq mi) and as of 2010, had a population of 354,154, with annual revenue of $2 billion.

Guanacaste's capital is Liberia. Other important cities include Cañas and Nicoya.

Puntarenas Province
Puntarenas (Spanish pronunciation: [puntaˈɾenas]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the western part of the country, covering most of Costa Rica's Pacific Ocean coast, and it is the largest province in Costa Rica. Clockwise from the northwest, it borders on the provinces Guanacaste, Alajuela, San José and Limón, and the neighbouring country of Panama.
Allen's Landing
Allen's Landing is the officially recognized birthplace of the city of Houston, Texas, United States, the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest in the United States. Located in Downtown Houston between the Main Street and Fannin Street viaducts, the landing encompasses the southern bank of Buffalo Bayou, the city's principal river, at its confluence with White Oak Bayou, a major tributary. Allen's Landing is located south of the University of Houston–Downtown Commerce Street Building.

In August 1836, just months after the Republic of Texas won its independence from Mexico, two New York real estate developers, John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of coastal prairie and settled the town of Houston on the banks of Buffalo Bayou. The present-day landing area was advertised as the head of navigation of the bayou and served as the city's first wharf.

White Oak Bayou
White Oak Bayou is a slow-moving river in Houston, Texas. A major tributary of the city's principal waterway, Buffalo Bayou, White Oak originates near the intersection of Texas State Highway 6 and U.S. Highway 290 (the Northwest Freeway) and meanders southeast for 25 miles (40 km) until it joins Buffalo Bayou in Downtown. The river serves as a greenway which connects Downtown to the Houston Heights, Oak Forest, Garden Oaks, and Inwood Forest.

A large majority of White Oak Bayou's route travels through highly developed areas. The river's 111-square-mile (290 km2) watershed contains a population of over 430,000.
Deception (1946 film)
Deception is a 1946 American film noir drama released by Warner Bros. Pictures and directed by Irving Rapper. The film is based on the 1927 play Monsieur Lamberthier by Louis Verneuil. The screenplay was written by John Collier and Joseph Than. It stars Bette Davis, Paul Henreid, and Claude Rains, who had also appeared together in the highly successful Now, Voyager (1942), which was also directed by Rapper.

Now, Voyager
Now, Voyager is a 1942 American drama film starring Bette Davis, Paul Henreid, and Claude Rains, and directed by Irving Rapper. The screenplay by Casey Robinson is based on the 1941 novel of the same name by Olive Higgins Prouty.

Prouty borrowed her title from the Walt Whitman poem "The Untold Want," which reads in its entirety,

The untold want by life and land ne'er granted,
Now, voyager, sail thou forth, to seek and find.

In 2007, Now, Voyager was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The film ranks number 23 on AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Passions, a list of the top love stories in American cinema. Film critic Steven Jay Schneider suggests the film continues to be remembered for not only its star power, but also the "emotional crescendos" engendered in the storyline.
Glimpses: A Collection of Nightrunner Short Stories
Glimpses: A Collection of Nightrunner Short Stories is a short story collection for Lynn Flewelling's Nightrunner series. Set in a fantasy world, the collection follows the adventures of a complex 'faie thief and his apprentice. It fills gaps in the main story. Glimpses: A Collection of Nightrunner Short Stories was released on September 19, 2010.

The Nightrunner Series
The Nightrunner Series is a multi-part series of heroic fantasy novels by American writer Lynn Flewelling. It currently contains seven novels and a collection of related short stories.

'Nightrunning' refers to espionage, the principal occupation of the series' two protagonists, Seregil and Alec. The books also explores sexuality and gender roles, presenting a world where bi- and homosexuality are as accepted as heterosexuality, as well as a realm (Skala) which is ruled by Queens rather than Kings, and in whose army women warriors have a major role.

The series has been published by Bantam Spectra and Del Rey Books. Both companies are owned by Random House, Inc.

A prequel trilogy titled The Tamir Triad, written by Flewelling, takes place centuries beforehand.
Bonding-studenteninitiative e.V.
The bonding-studenteninitiative e.V. (short name bonding) is an independent, non-political and non-profit student organisation. It was founded in 1988 in Aachen, Germany. The name derives from wire bonding, where interconnections between an integrated circuit and its outer world are made.

Its aim is to develop students of engineering and natural sciences for professional life. This aim is mainly followed by the bonding-Firmenkontaktmesse (a job fair) which is organised every year at each location. Additionally, bonding organises company visits, company presentations, case studies, softskill trainings and more. These projects are for free for the participating students.

bonding is a member of the Cologne Round Table (Kölner Runde).

bonding consists of twelve local groups which are mainly located in the technical universities of the following towns in Germany:

Aachen

Berlin

Bochum

Braunschweig

Bremen

Dresden

Erlangen

Hamburg

Kaiserslautern

Karlsruhe

Munich

Stuttgart

Cologne Round Table
The Kölner Runde (Cologne Round Table) is a cooperation of six of Germany's leading student organizations, namely AIESEC, bonding, BDSU (Confederation of German Junior Enterprises, see also JADE), ELSA, MARKET TEAM, and MTP. 
Founded in 1991, it has grown to an important platform for inter-organizational knowledge management.
Pitt Town, New South Wales
Pitt Town is a historic town and suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pitt Town is 59 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Hawkesbury. It is bounded in the north by the Hawkesbury River.

City of Hawkesbury
The City of Hawkesbury is a local government area that is located on the far northwest fringe of the Greater Sydney area in New South Wales, Australia. The local government area is located in the Hawkesbury and Blue Mountains regions. Hawkesbury City is named after the Hawkesbury River. Major towns in the City of Hawkesbury are Windsor and Richmond. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The mayor of the City of Hawkesbury is Cr. Les Sheather, an independent.
Honda Vamos
The Honda Vamos is a leisure vehicle originally produced by Japanese automaker Honda from 1970 to 1973, and reintroduced again as a trim level of the Honda Acty microvan starting in 1999. Its name, "Vamos", is Spanish and Portuguese for "let's go".

Honda Acty
The Honda Acty (Japanese: ホンダ・アクティ, Hepburn: Honda Akuti) is a series of cabover microvans and kei trucks produced by the Japanese automaker Honda from 1977 to 2021, designed for the Japanese domestic market (JDM). "Acty" is short for "Activity".

The Acty's primary competitors were the Subaru Sambar, Suzuki Carry/Every, Daihatsu Hijet, Mazda Scrum, Nissan NT100/NV100 Clipper and the Mitsubishi Minicab.
Buses in Ipswich
Buses in Ipswich operate in the town of Ipswich in the English county of Suffolk. As of 2013 services are primarily operated by Ipswich Buses and First Norfolk & Suffolk, although other smaller operators, such as Galloway European, Carters Coaches and Beestons, operate routes from the town into the surrounding rural area. Many of the current routes are based on those established at the end of the 19th century when a horse tram network developed.

Ipswich Buses
Ipswich Buses is a bus company that operates in Ipswich, Suffolk. It is owned by Ipswich Borough Council.

The company operates buses throughout the town and surrounding villages. Its depot is situated in Constantine Road, near Ipswich Town's Portman Road football ground. First Norfolk & Suffolk also operate bus services in the town on complementary routes.
Mononykus
Mononykus (/məˈnɒnɪkəs/ mə-NON-ik-əs, sometimes /ˌmɒnoʊˈnaɪkəs/ MON-oh-NY-kəs; meaning "one claw") is a genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia, specifically the Nemegt Formation, about 70 million years ago. Mononykus was a very small theropod, estimated around 1 to 1.2 metres (3.3 to 3.9 ft) in length with a weight of 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb). As in Shuvuuia, Mononykus likely developed a shaggy feathering. It was lightly built with long, thin legs and highly reduced and specialized forelimbs that were likely used for foraging termite mounds or other insect colonies.

Alvarezsauridae
Alvarezsauridae is a family of small, long-legged dinosaurs. Although originally thought to represent the earliest known flightless birds, they are now thought to be an early diverging branch of maniraptoran theropods. Alvarezsaurids were highly specialized. They had tiny but stout forelimbs, with compact, bird-like hands. Their skeletons suggest that they had massive breast and arm muscles, possibly adapted for digging or tearing. They had long, tube-shaped snouts filled with tiny teeth. They have been interpreted as myrmecophagous, adapted to prey on colonial insects such as termites, with the short arms acting as effective digging instruments to break into nests. This has however been contested.

Alvarezsaurus, the type genus of the family, was named for the historian Gregorio Álvarez.
Camp Grant, California
Camp Grant is a ghost town in Humboldt County located on the South Fork Eel River 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Weott and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Dyerville. It was originally settled by Northern Sinkyone people, followed by a Union Army camp and later a logging and railroad support settlement for the construction of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad.

Dyerville, California
Dyerville is a former settlement in Humboldt County, California. It was located at an elevation of 246 ft on the northwest bank of the Eel River confluence with the South Fork Eel River 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Camp Grant. Earliest known development at Dyerville was the operation of a ferry in the 1870s.  Dyerville had its own post office from  April 17, 1890, to November 30, 1933, when it was moved to South Fork.

Dyerville was a stagecoach stop, a shipping port, and a crossroads town that played an important role in the early settlement of this redwood area.  It was destroyed by the flood of 1955.
Russell Gleason
Russell Gleason (February 6, 1908 – December 25, 1945) was an American actor who began his career at the very beginning of the talking film era. He was born into an acting family, the son of actors Lucille and James Gleason. He had an early screen role in the 1930 film All Quiet on the Western Front.

While still in the middle of a successful acting career, Gleason joined the U.S. Army in late 1943, during World War II. While awaiting deployment to Europe in December 1945 in New York City, Gleason fell to his death from a hotel window.

James Gleason
James Austin Gleason (May 23, 1882 – April 12, 1959) was an American actor, playwright and screenwriter born in New York City. Gleason often portrayed "tough-talking, world-weary guys with a secret heart-of-gold."
Passive heave compensation
Passive heave compensation is a technique used to reduce the influence of waves upon lifting and drilling operations. A simple passive heave compensator (PHC) is a soft spring which utilizes spring isolation to reduce transmissibility to less than 1. PHC differs from AHC by not consuming external power.

Active heave compensation
Active heave compensation (AHC) is a technique used on lifting equipment to reduce the influence of waves upon offshore operations. AHC differs from Passive Heave Compensation by having a control system that actively tries to compensate for any movement at a specific point, using power to gain accuracy.
Marshall's Blacksmith Shop
Marshall's Blacksmith Shop is a California Historical Landmark No. 319, now on the private property in  Kelsey, California. The Blacksmith Shop was built in 1872 off of what is now California State Route 193 in El Dorado County, California at Gray Eagle Mine. James W. Marshall was a Blacksmith, a carpenter and sawmill operator. The Gray Eagle mine and ore mill is a lode gold mine on 13.2 acres of land in the Mother Lode Country, just south of Kelsey. Marshall was part owner of the Gray Eagle mine.

James Wilson Marshall (1810–1885) on January 24, 1848, found gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California on the American River about 36 miles northeast of Sacramento. His find stated the California Gold Rush. Johann (John) Sutter had hired Marshall to build a sawmill at Sutter's Mill.  Marshall and Sutter in the end did not profit from the gold find. This is a California Historical Landmark to Marshall at Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park.

Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park
Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park is a state park of California, United States, marking the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in 1848, sparking the California Gold Rush.  The park grounds include much of the historic town of Coloma, California, which is now considered a ghost town as well as a National Historic Landmark District.  The park contains the California Historical Landmarks: a monument to commemorate James Marshall (#143), the actual spot where he first discovered gold in 1848 (#530) and Coloma Road (#748). Established in 1942, The park now comprises 576 acres (233 ha) in El Dorado County.
Hilo Hawaiian Hotel
The Hilo Hawaiian Hotel located in Hilo, Hawaii's second largest town, is one of a few relatively large hotels on the east coast of Hawaii Island. It is located, like the Grand Naniloa Hotel, on Banyan Drive.

Grand Naniloa Hotel
The Grand Naniloa Hotel is a hotel in Hilo, Hawaii, on the eastern side of the Big Island. It is the largest hotel in the state of Hawaii's second largest city, and has the longest history as a hotel on Hawaii Island.
Monarchy of Luxembourg
The monarchy of Luxembourg is the institution headed by the grand duke of Luxembourg, who is the head of state of the country.  Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg.  It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign grand duchy, and since 1815 there have been ten monarchs, including the incumbent, Guillaume V.

Guillaume V, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Guillaume V (Guillaume Jean Joseph Marie de Nassau; born 11 November 1981) is Grand Duke of Luxembourg, reigning since 3 October 2025. The eldest son of Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa, he acceded to the throne upon the abdication of his father.
Marghuzar
Marghuzar, or Marghazar is a hill station located in the Swat District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, and is 13 kilometers away from Saidu Sharif. Marghuzar, translated as "green land", contains green valleys, cold springs, and mountains, including the Elum Ghar mountain. In 1940, the then Wali of Swat, Miangul Abdul Wadud, decided to build a summer residence there for himself which became the summer capital of Swat. The palace was named Sufed Mahal, translated as The White Palace. The palace has since been converted into a hotel. Marghuzar has a 200-year-old colossal chinar tree, which serves as a canopy for visitors. There is also a middle school and one primary school for boys and girls each, but there aren't any hospitals or clinics.

Queen Elizabeth II visited  Marghuzar in 1961 and stayed there for three days.

White Palace (Marghazar)
The White Palace of Marghazar was built in 1940 by the first king of Swat, Miangul Abdul Wadud (Badshah Sahib) in the small town of Marghazar situated at about 13 kilometers away from Saidu Sharif. The name was given to the palace as it was built of white marble. The name has been changed 3 times first it was named Swati Palace and then Motti Palace and then White Palace. The palace now serves as a hotel. The White Palace at Marghazar was the summer residence of the Wali of Swat, Miangul Jehanzeb. Located at 7,136 feet above sea level on Marghazar Hill, it was later converted into a tourist resort.
Universal Filmed Entertainment Group
The Universal Filmed Entertainment Group Inc. (UFEG), also known as Universal Filmed Entertainment and doing business as Universal Studios (formerly known as Universal Studios Inc.), is an American entertainment company and business unit within NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast, that oversees and manages its film and television businesses, including its flagship divisions, Universal Pictures and Universal Television.

The company was formed in 1996 following the acquisition of MCA by Seagram, and its subsequent rebranding to Universal Studios Inc., which would later take on its current name in 2013. Since its formation, the company has become a major force in the film and entertainment industries.

Its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City.

MCA Inc.
MCA Inc., originally an initialism for Music Corporation of America, was an American media conglomerate that operated from 1924 to December 6, 1996. Originally a talent agency with artists in the music business as clients, the company became a major force in the film industry and later expanded into television production. MCA published music, booked acts, ran the MCA Records music label, represented film, television and radio stars, and eventually produced and sold television programs to the three major television networks, especially NBC.

MCA was the legal predecessor of Vivendi Universal and its successor NBCUniversal. Its other legal successor is Universal Music Group Holding Corp, a holding company owned by Universal Music Group (which absorbed PolyGram).