hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Synovial membrane
The synovial membrane (also known as the synovial stratum, synovium or stratum synoviale) is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints, tendon sheaths, and synovial bursas. It makes direct contact with the fibrous membrane on the outside surface and with the synovial fluid lubricant on the inside surface.

In contact with the synovial fluid at the tissue surface are many rounded macrophage-like synovial cells (type A) and also type B cells, which are also known as fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Type A cells maintain the synovial fluid by removing wear-and-tear debris. The FLS (type B cells) produce hyaluronan, as well as other extracellular components in the synovial fluid.

Connective tissue
Connective tissue is biological tissue that is found in between other tissues in the body. Most types of connective tissue consists of three main components: elastic and collagen fibers, ground substance, and cells.

It is one of the four primary types of animal tissue along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, the middle embryonic germ layer.

The three meninges, membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, are composed of connective tissue. Blood and lymph are classed as specialized fluid connective tissues that do not contain fiber. All are immersed in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes.

The term "connective tissue" (in German, Bindegewebe) was introduced in 1830 by Johannes Peter Müller. The tissue was already recognized as a distinct class in the 18th century.
Generic Modeling Environment
The Generic Modeling Environment (GME) is a domain-specific, model-integrated program synthesis tool for creating domain-specific models of large-scale systems. GME development started in 2000 at Vanderbilt University, US and continues well into 2022. Initially it only supported MS Windows OS, but later evolved into WebGME, a web- and Node.js- based software. Its primary purpose is model-building.

Domain-specific modeling
Domain-specific modeling (DSM) is a software engineering methodology for designing and developing systems, such as computer software. It involves systematic use of a domain-specific language to represent the various facets of a system.

Domain-specific modeling languages tend to support higher-level abstractions than general-purpose modeling languages, so they require less effort and fewer low-level details to specify a given system.
Éthiopiques
Éthiopiques is a series of compact discs featuring Ethiopian singers and musicians. Many of the CDs compile songs from various singles and albums that Amha Records, Kaifa Records and Philips-Ethiopia released during the 1960s and 1970s in Ethiopia. Prominent singers and musicians from this era appearing on Éthiopiques releases include Alemayehu Eshete, Asnaketch Worku, Mahmoud Ahmed, Mulatu Astatke and Tilahun Gessesse. However, some other releases contain new recordings.

Asnaketch Worku
Asnaketch Worku (Amharic: አስናቀች ወርቁ; c. 1935 – 14 September 2011) was an Ethiopian singer who sang in the Amharic language  and a krar instrumentalist, the instrument which symbolized her fame during the 1960s and 1970s. Asnaketch also had a long distinguished career as an actress.
Astra Stakes
The Astra Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares that are four years old or older, over a distance of 1+1⁄2 miles on the turf held annually in January at Santa Anita Park, Arcadia, California.  The event currently carries a purse of $100,000.

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
Cho Kwangjo
Cho Kwangjo (Korean: 조광조; Hanja: 趙光祖, 23 August 1482 – 10 January 1520), also called by his art name Chŏngam (정암), was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar who pursued radical reforms during the reign of Jungjong of Joseon in the early 16th century.

He was framed with charges of factionalism by the power elite that opposed his reform measures and was sentenced to drink poison in the Third Literati Purge of 1519. He has been widely venerated as a Confucian martyr and an embodiment of "seonbi spirit" by later generations in Korea. Some historians consider him one of the most influential figures in 16th century Korea. He is known as one of the 18 Sages of Korea (동방18현) and is enshrined in the Munmyo.

Seonbi
Seonbi (Korean: 선비; MR: Sŏnbi) were scholars during the Goryeo and Joseon periods of Korean history. They were generally seen as non-governmental servants of the public, who chose to pass on the benefits and authority of official power in order to develop and share knowledge. However, some former bureaucrats were seen as seonbi, as they moved to the countryside after retirement and adopted the seonbi lifestyle.

Seonbi in the traditional sense do not exist today, although the term is sometimes used metaphorically to describe people. When applied to a person, the meaning can be complimentary, highlighting a person's intelligence, morality, and composure. However, young South Koreans who tend to have low opinions of the Joseon Dynasty or Confucianism, tend to use the word ssib seonbi in a derogatory way, or just call them seonbi (this is more frequent today). It is used similarly to the English term "geezer", or to highlight a perceived anachronistic value system.
Rob Rose (South African journalist)
Rob Rose is a South African business journalist who was editor of the Financial Mail between 2016 and 2024. A two-time winner of the Taco Kuiper Award for Investigative Journalism for his investigative reporting on corruption, he is currently a writer at Currency.

Taco Kuiper
Taco Esgo Kuiper (11 November 1941 – 24 September 2004) was an investigative journalist and wealthy publisher in South Africa. He was the owner and publishing editor of The Investors’ Guide in Johannesburg, for undertaking and encouraging investigative journalism in South Africa, and for funding the annual Taco Kuiper Award in investigative journalism.
Rocketdyne
Rocketdyne was an American rocket engine design and production company headquartered in Canoga Park, in the western San Fernando Valley of suburban Los Angeles, in southern California.

Rocketdyne was founded as a division of North American Aviation in 1955 and was later part of Rockwell International from 1967 until 1996 and Boeing from 1996 to 2005. In 2005, Boeing sold the Rocketdyne division to United Technologies Corporation, becoming Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne as part of Pratt & Whitney. In 2013, Rocketdyne was sold to GenCorp, Inc., which merged it with Aerojet to form Aerojet Rocketdyne. The space portion of Aerojet Rocketdyne will be spun off as a new company named "Rocketdyne" in the second half of 2026, following an acquisition from L3Harris by AE Industrial Partners.

United Technologies
United Technologies Corporation (UTC) was an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Farmington, Connecticut.  It researched, developed, and manufactured products in numerous areas, including aircraft engines, aerospace systems, HVAC, elevators and escalators, fire and security, building automation, and industrial products, among others. UTC was also a large military contractor, getting about 10% of its revenue from the U.S. government. In April 2020, UTC merged with the Raytheon Company to form Raytheon Technologies, later renamed RTX Corporation.
Marco Bortolami
Marco Bortolami ([ˈmarko bɔrtoˈlami]; born 12 June 1980) is a rugby union coach and retired Italian international player, whose career includes experience playing in the national top-level Italian (Petrarca Padova), French (RC Narbonne), and English (Gloucester Rugby) championships, before joining the then recently-born Pro14 (with Aironi Rugby and then Zebre). Praised for his leadership skills, he captained all the teams he played for at professional level. At international level, he also captained the Italian side since 2002 till the 2007 Rugby World Cup, before being replaced in the permanent role by Sergio Parisse.

He is the currently the caretaker head coach for the Georgian national team.

Aironi
Aironi Rugby (Italian pronunciation: [aiˈroni], "herons") was an Italian professional rugby union team competing in the Pro12 and the Heineken Cup, representing the Italian regions of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna. It lost its status as a regional side at the end of the 2011–12 season, as the Italian Rugby Federation revoked its licence for financial reasons. They were replaced by Zebre from the 2012–13 season.
Malpas railway station
Malpas railway station was a railway station that served the market town of Malpas, Cheshire, on the Whitchurch and Tattenhall Railway or Chester–Whitchurch Branch Line.  The station itself was at Hampton Heath and was also known locally as Hampton Station.

Whitchurch and Tattenhall Railway
The Whitchurch and Tattenhall Railway was a branch line in Cheshire built by the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR) opening in 1872. The branch, which was 14.5 mi (23.3 km) long, connected the North Wales Coast Line from Chester General with the Welsh Marches line and Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway at Whitchurch. Although a branch line, the route was built to main line standards with double track along its entire length. It was used on occasion to stable the British Royal Train in sidings on the eve of official visits by members of the royal family.
Giovanni Antonio Medrano
Giovanni Antonio Medrano (Sciacca,  11 December 1703 – Naples, 1760)  also known as Juan António Fernández de Medrano, was a Spanish-Sicilian nobleman from the House of Medrano, Major Royal Governor of Mathematics of the Kingdom of Naples, chief engineer of the kingdom, royal architect, brigadier, and the teacher of Charles III, Ferdinand VI, and their princely brothers. Giovanni is known for designing the Obelisk of Bitonto, the Palace of Capodimonte, and the Teatro di San Carlo in Italy for King Charles III of Spain. His career is particularly studied, from his stay in Seville as a teacher for the royal princes, his influence on Prince Charles' architectural taste, to his projects in the Kingdom of Naples and the royal palace at Capodimonte.

Palace of Capodimonte
The Royal Palace of Capodimonte (Italian: Reggia di Capodimonte) is a large palazzo in Naples, Italy. It was formerly the summer residence and hunting lodge of the Bourbon kings of the Two Sicilies, one of the two royal palaces in Naples. Today, the main building holds the main Neapolitan museum for paintings, and much other post-ancient art, in the National Museum of Capodimonte. This has the best collection of paintings from the distinct tradition of Neapolitan art, and also many works from the Farnese Collection.

The palace was constructed on its somewhat cooler hilltop location (Capodimonte means "top of the hill") just outside the city, with urban Naples ultimately expanding around it. The large park (Real Bosco or "royal woods") is under the same administration, and hosts events such as concerts.
A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders, and on the Other Spirits
A Book on Nymphs, Sylphs, Pygmies, and Salamanders, and on the Other Spirits (Latin: Ex Libro de Nymphis, Sylvanis, Pygmaeis, Salamandris et Gigantibus, etc) is a treatise by the Swiss lay theologian and philosopher Paracelsus, published posthumously in 1566. It is about elemental beings and their place in a Christian cosmology.

Paracelsus
Paracelsus (/ˌpærəˈsɛlsəs/; German: [paʁaˈtsɛlzʊs]; 10 November 1493 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance.

He was a pioneer in several aspects of the medical revolution of the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of observation in combination with received wisdom. He is credited as the "father of toxicology". Paracelsus also had a substantial influence as a prophet or diviner, his "Prognostications" being studied by Rosicrucians in the 17th century. Paracelsianism is the early modern medical movement inspired by the study of his works.
Mount Panorama 500
The Bathurst 500 was a Supercars Championship motor racing event that has been on occasion, with the most recent iteration for the 2024 season at Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.

In recent years, the Bathurst sprint round has been used as a reserve round that can be implemented when necessary to replace cancelled rounds. This happened in 2021, when international travel restrictions forced Motorsport Australia to cancel the Bathurst 12 Hour, and in 2024, when Supercars' talks with Newcastle to renew their contract to run the Newcastle 500 collapsed. A championship sprint event at the circuit was previously held six times between 1966 and 1996.

2021 Supercars Championship
The 2021 Supercars Championship (commercially known as the 2021 Repco Supercars Championship) was a motor racing series for Supercars. It was the twenty-third running of the Supercars Championship and the twenty-fifth series in which Supercars have contested the Australian Touring Car Championship, the premier title in Australian motorsport. Atlanta-based international auto parts conglomerate Genuine Parts Company,  through the consumer auto parts brand Repco, replaced Virgin Australia as naming rights sponsor under a five-year partnership, which was later expanded to eight years at the end of the 2022 prizegiving banquet.

Shane van Gisbergen and Triple Eight Race Engineering won the drivers' and teams' championship respectively with one round to go.
Upernavik Archipelago
Upernavik Archipelago is a vast coastal archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, off the shores of northeastern Baffin Bay. The archipelago extends from the northwestern coast of Sigguup Nunaa peninsula in the south at approximately 71°50′N 56°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.833°N 56.000°W﻿ / 71.833; -56.000 to the southern end of Melville Bay (Greenlandic: Qimusseriarsuaq) in the north at approximately 74°50′N 57°30′W﻿ / ﻿74.833°N 57.500°W﻿ / 74.833; -57.500.

Nunavik Peninsula
Nunavik Peninsula (Greenlandic: Sigguup Nunaa, Danish: Svartenhuk Halvø) is a large peninsula in northwestern Greenland. It separates two cultural and geographical regions of northwestern Greenland: Uummannaq Fjord region in the southeast, and Upernavik Archipelago in the north.
Spirit Pub Company
Spirit Pub Company plc (Spirit) was a pub and restaurant company in the United Kingdom based in Burton upon Trent and originally formed by Punch Taverns. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Greene King in June 2015.

Punch Pubs
Punch Pubs & Co is a pub and bar operator in the United Kingdom, with around 1,300 leased pubs. It is headquartered in the traditional brewing centre of Burton upon Trent in Staffordshire. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange as a constituent of the FTSE SmallCap Index until its sale in 2016 for £403 million to a private equity fund, Patron Capital, acting in concert with Heineken International who acquired 1,900 of Punch's pubs as part of the deal.
Leonard Paulu
Leonard Theodore Paulu (November 23, 1896 – May 29, 1988) was an American sprinter for Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa. Despite losing an eye and suffering serious injuries to his right leg and hip while serving in World War I, he won the 100-yard dash competition at the first two NCAA track and field championships in 1921 and 1922. He also won the 220 yard dash at the 1922 NCAA championships.

1922 NCAA Track and Field Championships
The 1922 NCAA Track and Field Championships was the second NCAA track and field championship.  The event was held at Stagg Field in Chicago, Illinois in June 1922.  The University of California won the team title, and nine NCAA records were set at the two-day meet.
China Minmetals
China Minmetals Corporation is a Chinese state-owned enterprise headquartered in Beijing. It is one of the largest metal and mineral trading companies in the world, operating in more than 30 countries across mining, metal trading, engineering, and investment. In 2024, China Minmetals ranked 190th on the World's 500 Most Influential Brands list by World Brand Lab.

Metallurgical Corporation of China
Metallurgical Corporation of China Limited (MCC) is a publicly listed Chinese engineering and construction enterprise. It trades on both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange under the stock codes SSE: 601618 and SEHK: 1618, respectively. The company is primarily engaged in metallurgical engineering, project contracting, resource development, and real estate. The listed entity was formed through the corporatization of operating subsidiaries and assets of its parent group and continues projects initiated prior to its 2008 listing.
Stourbridge F.C.
Stourbridge Football Club (nicknamed "The Glassboys" due to the town's traditional association with the cut glass industry) is an English association football club based in the town of Stourbridge, West Midlands.  The club currently plays in the Southern League Premier Division Central.

Leamington F.C.
Leamington Football Club is a football club based in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England. They are currently members of the National League North and play at the New Windmill Ground near Bishop's Tachbrook.
The Vancouver Asahi
The Vancouver Asahi (バンクーバーの朝日, Bankūbā no Asahi) is a 2014 Japanese-Canadian coproduced baseball drama film directed by Yuya Ishii, based on the true story of a Vancouver-based baseball team called the Vancouver Asahi which existed before the Second World War. It was released to Japanese theaters on December 20.

Asahi (baseball team)
The Asahi was a Japanese-Canadian baseball team of amateur and semi-professional players that was based in Vancouver from 1914 to 1941. The team won many league championships, particularly in the 1930s.
C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America
C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America is a 2004 American mockumentary film written and directed by Kevin Willmott.

It is an account of an alternate history, in which the Confederacy wins the American Civil War and establishes a new Confederate States of America that incorporates the majority of the Western Hemisphere, including the former contiguous United States, the "Golden Circle", the Caribbean, and South America. Primarily detailing significant political and cultural events of Confederate history from its founding until the early 2000s, this viewpoint is used to satirize real issues and events, and to shed light on the continuing existence of racism against Black Americans.

The film premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival, and was released in the United States on February 15, 2006, by IFC Films. It received positive reviews.

Kevin Willmott
Kevin Willmott  (born August 31, 1959) is an Academy Award-winning American film director and screenwriter. He is known for work focusing on black issues including writing and directing Ninth Street, C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America, and Bunker Hill.

His The Only Good Indian (2009) was a feature film about Native American children at an Indian boarding school and the forced assimilation that took place. In Jayhawkers (2014), he followed the life of Wilt Chamberlain, Phog Allen and the 1956 Kansas Jayhawks basketball team. Willmott has collaborated with Spike Lee, with whom he shared an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for BlacKkKlansman.
Carolco Pictures
Carolco Pictures, Inc. was an American independent film studio founded by Mario Kassar and Andrew G. Vajna in 1976. Kassar and Vajna ran Carolco together until 1989, when Vajna left to form Cinergi Pictures. Carolco hit its peak in the 1980s and early 1990s, with blockbuster successes including the first three films of the Rambo franchise, Field of Dreams, Total Recall, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Basic Instinct, Universal Soldier, Cliffhanger and Stargate. Nevertheless, Carolco was losing money overall, requiring a corporate restructuring in 1992. The film Cutthroat Island was produced as a resurgence for Carolco, but it instead lost them $147 million, and Carolco eventually went bankrupt in 1995.

Mario Kassar
Mario F. Kassar (Arabic: ماريو قصار; born October 10, 1951) is a Lebanese and American film producer and industry executive. He founded the now-defunct Carolco Pictures with Andrew G. Vajna where he produced the first three films of the Rambo series, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Total Recall, The Doors, Angel Heart, Jacob's Ladder, Rambling Rose, Basic Instinct, Universal Soldier, Chaplin, Showgirls, and Stargate, among other films.
Washington & Jefferson College
Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College or W&J) is a private liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. It traces its origin to three Presbyterian missionaries of the 1780s, John McMillan, Thaddeus Dod, and Joseph Smith, whose early schools evolved into two rival institutions: Washington College in Washington, and Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College.

The 60-acre (24 ha) Washington & Jefferson College campus has more than 40 buildings, with the oldest dating to 1793. The college enrolled over 1,100 students as of fall 2022. It has a longstanding tradition of literary societies, dating back before the union of the two colleges. Nearly all of the college's students live on campus, and roughly one-third are members of fraternities or sororities. The W&J athletic program competes in NCAA Division III.

Washington, Pennsylvania
Washington is a city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,176 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area in southwestern Pennsylvania. Nicknamed "Little Washington" to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the city is home to Washington & Jefferson College and Pony League baseball.
Nezura 1964
Nezura 1964 (ネズラ1964, Nezura Ichikyūrokuyon) is a 2020 Japanese crowdfunded kaiju biopic film directed by Hiroto Yokokawa. The film was based on Daiei Film's unfinished 1964 Gamera precursor Giant Horde Beast Nezura (jp) and stars Yukijirō Hotaru as a character based on the president of Daiei, Mai Saitō, Mach Fumiake, and Shirō Sano. Yokokawa later reused its props for a 2021 short film Yatsuashi (Japanese: ヤツアシ), which was based on Giant Sea Demon Dagora (Japanese: 大海魔ダゴラ, Hepburn: Daikaima Dagora), a scrapped Daiei film before Giant Horde Beast Nezura.

Masaichi Nagata
Masaichi Nagata (永田 雅一, Nagata Masaichi; 21 January 1906 – 24 October 1985) was a Japanese businessman and film producer who served as president of Daiei Film and was the self-proclaimed creator of the kaiju Gamera, and was also the first president of the Pacific League.