hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fred Trump Jr.
Frederick Crist Trump Jr. /ˈkrɪst/ (October 14, 1938 – September 26, 1981) was an American airplane pilot and maintenance worker. The eldest son of real-estate businessman Fred Trump Sr., he fell out of his father's favor and became an airline pilot instead of taking over the family business, leading to his younger brother Donald Trump taking over the business instead. Both Fred Sr. and Donald disparaged Fred Jr. for this decision. By the early 1970s, he could no longer function as a pilot due to his alcoholism, a condition which also contributed to his fatal heart attack at the age of 42.

Both of his children, Fred Trump III and Mary L. Trump, would eventually become vocal critics of Donald Trump and his presidency.

Fred Trump III
Frederick Crist "Fritz" Trump III (born November 15, 1962) is an American author, real estate executive, and advocate for people with disabilities. His son William Trump has a rare KCNQ2 mutation that results in severe disability. He is the nephew of U.S. President Donald Trump and is best known for his allegations against him in his 2024 memoir, All in the Family: The Trumps and How We Got This Way.

In his memoir, Trump alleged that his uncle, Donald Trump, has made multiple ableist, racist, and dehumanizing comments throughout his life, one of which concerned William Trump. Both Donald Trump and those affiliated with him have denied Trump's allegations.
Yuma War
The Yuma War was the name given to a series of United States military operations conducted in Southern California and what is today southwestern Arizona from 1850 to 1853. The Quechan (also known as Yuma) were the primary opponent of the United States Army, though engagements were fought between the Americans and other native groups in the region.

Quechan
The Quechan (Quechan: Kwatsáan 'those who descended'), or Yuma, are a Native American tribe who live on the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation on the lower Colorado River in Arizona and California just north of the Mexican border. Despite their name, they are not related to the Quechua people of the Andes. Members are enrolled in the Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation. The federally recognized Quechan tribe's main office is located in Winterhaven, California.  Its operations and the majority of its reservation land are located in California, United States.
Laban notation symbols
Laban Notation Symbols generally refers to the wide range of notation symbols (or signs) developing from the original work of Rudolf Laban and used in many different types of Laban Movement Study such as Labanotation and Laban Movement Analysis for graphically representing human body positions and movements.

Labanotation
Labanotation (grammatically correct form "Labannotation" or "Laban notation" is uncommon) is a system for analyzing and recording human movement (notation system), invented by Austro-Hungarian choreographer and dancer Rudolf von Laban (1879–1958, a central figure in European modern dance), who developed his notation on movements in the 1920s.
The Number Ones
The Number Ones is a compilation album of hits by The Beatles released in 1983 by EMI on the Parlophone Records label in Australia.  It is a localised version of the 1982 compilation album 20 Greatest Hits.

20 Greatest Hits (Beatles album)
20 Greatest Hits is a compilation album featuring a selection of songs by The Beatles that were number one singles in the UK and US. It was released on 11 October 1982 in the United States and 18 October in the United Kingdom and marked the 20th anniversary of The Beatles' first record release, "Love Me Do", in the UK in October 1962. 20 Greatest Hits was the last Beatles album to be released with variations between the U.S. and UK versions (some Beatles hits in the US were not released as singles in the UK, such as "Eight Days a Week" and "Yesterday"). There is an extremely rare 8 track tape version of this album, of which approximately 10 to 15 copies still exist today. Capitol Records decided not to release the album in the format, as 8 tracks were not selling well in late 1982. However, in early 1983, they made a few copies available through Capitol Special Markets.

The band's 2000 compilation album 1 is a combination of both versions of 20 Greatest Hits.
Walt Maddox
Walter Thomas Maddox (born December 27, 1972) is an American politician who has served as the 36th mayor of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, since 2005. From 2001 to 2005, he served on the Tuscaloosa City Council and as executive director of personnel for Tuscaloosa City Schools. Maddox was a field director for the Alabama Education Association from 1996 to 2001.

Maddox was elected mayor of Tuscaloosa and has been reelected five times. In 2018, he was the Democratic nominee for governor of Alabama, losing to incumbent Republican Kay Ivey.

Kay Ivey
Kay Ellen Ivey (/ˈaɪvi/ EYE-vee; born October 15, 1944) is an American politician serving since 2017 as the 54th governor of Alabama. A member of the Republican Party, Ivey served from 2003 to 2011 as the 38th Alabama state treasurer and from 2011 to 2017 as the 30th lieutenant governor of Alabama.

Ivey became Alabama's second female governor upon the resignation of her predecessor, Robert J. Bentley. She won a full term in 2018 and was reelected in 2022. She is the longest-serving female governor in the nation.
Band bending
In solid-state physics, band bending refers to the process in which the electronic band structure in a material curves up or down near a junction or interface. It does not involve any physical (spatial) bending. When the electrochemical potential of the free charge carriers around an interface of a semiconductor is dissimilar, charge carriers are transferred between the two materials until an equilibrium state is reached whereby the potential difference vanishes. The band bending concept was first developed in 1938 when Mott, Davydov and Schottky all published theories of the rectifying effect of metal-semiconductor contacts. The use of semiconductor junctions sparked the computer revolution in the second half of the 20th century. Devices such as the diode, the transistor, the photocell and many more play crucial roles in technology.

Metal–semiconductor junction
In solid-state physics, a metal–semiconductor (M–S) junction is a type of electrical junction in which a metal comes in close contact with a semiconductor material.  It is the oldest type of practical semiconductor device.  M–S junctions can either be rectifying or non-rectifying.  The rectifying metal–semiconductor junction forms a Schottky barrier, making a device known as a Schottky diode, while the non-rectifying junction is called an ohmic contact.  (In contrast, a rectifying semiconductor–semiconductor junction, the most common semiconductor device today, is known as a p–n junction.)

Metal–semiconductor junctions are crucial to the operation of all semiconductor devices. Usually, an ohmic contact is desired so that electrical charge can be conducted easily between the active region of a transistor and the external circuitry.
Occasionally, however, a Schottky barrier is useful, as in Schottky diodes, Schottky transistors, and metal–semiconductor field effect transistors.
Kayapo language
Mẽbêngôkre (endonym: Mẽbêngôkre kabẽn [mẽbeŋoˈkɾɛ kaˈbɛ̃n]), sometimes referred to as Kayapó, is a Northern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Kayapó and the Xikrin people in the north of Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil. There are around 8,600 native speakers since 2010 based on the 2015 Ethnologue 18th edition. Due to the number of speakers and the influence of Portuguese speakers, the language stands at a sixth level of endangerment; in which the materials for literacy and education in Mẽbêngôkre are very limited.

Kayapo
The Kayapo (Portuguese: Caiapó [kajaˈpɔ]) people are an indigenous people in Brazil, living over a vast area across the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, south of the Amazon River and along the Xingu River and its tributaries. This location has given rise to the tribe's nickname of "the Xingu". They are one of the various subgroups of the great Mebêngôkre nation (meaning "people from the water's source"). The name Kayapo is used by neighboring groups rather than referring by the Kayapo to themselves; they refer to outsiders as Poanjos.

A type of sweet potato/tuber forms an important part of the Kayapó diet, and is sometimes named "caiapo", after the tribe. It is cultivated under that name in Japan, and has been found to  decrease insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.
Evergreen International Airlines
Evergreen International Airlines was a charter and cargo airline based in McMinnville, Oregon, United States. Wholly owned by Evergreen International Aviation, it had longstanding ties to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It operated contract freight services, offering charters and scheduled flights, as well as wet lease services. It operated services for the U.S. military and the United States Postal Service, as well as ad hoc charter flights. Its crew base was at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York.

Evergreen also maintained a large aircraft maintenance and storage facility at the Pinal Airpark in Marana, Arizona, that the company acquired from the CIA's Air America operation.

Evergreen International Aviation
Evergreen International Aviation, Inc. was a global aviation services company based in McMinnville, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1960, Evergreen was primarily known publicly for commercial helicopter operations in agricultural and forestry applications.

The airline division, Evergreen International Airlines, operated worldwide, in 168 countries, and by the end had been reduced to a fleet of all-cargo Boeing 747 freighters. The company also operated a helicopter division, Evergreen Helicopters which was sold to Erickson Air-Crane, an Oregon-based helicopter operator, for $250 million in 2013.  Faced with bankruptcy and tax investigations, Evergreen ceased all aviation-related operations in 2013 and shut down in 2014.
Qin (Mandaeism)
In Mandaeism, Qin (Classical Mandaic: ࡒࡉࡍ) is the mother of Ruha and Zahreil, and grandmother of Ur in the World of Darkness (alma ḏ-hšuka) or underworld. In Mandaean texts, she is frequently mentioned as the "queen of darkness." One of her epithets is Sumqaq (ࡎࡅࡌࡒࡀࡒ), which also refers to a well of polluted water in the World of Darkness. Her husband is the demon Anathan.

In Book 5 of the Right Ginza, Qin gives her daughter Zahreil for Hibil to marry.

Zahreil
In Mandaeism, Zahreil or Zahrʿil (Classical Mandaic: ࡆࡀࡄࡓࡏࡉࡋ, Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [zahriˈel]) is the daughter of Qin, sister of Ruha, and mother of Ptahil. According to Book 5 of the Right Ginza, during Hibil Ziwa's descent to the World of Darkness (alma d-hšuka) or underworld, Hibil Ziwa marries Zahreil, who then gives birth to the creator of the material universe, Ptahil.

Zahreil is a lilith (Classical Mandaic: ࡋࡉࡋࡉࡕࡀ, romanized: lilita) from the World of Darkness who dwells in the beds of pregnant women serving to ensure the wellbeing of the child before and after birth; E. S. Drower describes her as a genius of childbirth.: 46
Gabriel Pippet
Gabriel Pippet (1880 in Solihull – 1962) was a British artist.

As well as being was an artist, he was known as an illustrator and a wood carver. Pippet's work was influenced by Pre-Raphaelites, the Arts and Crafts Movement, and medieval manuscript design. Pippet is buried in Droitwich next to the Church of the Sacred Heart, whose mosaics he designed.

Church of the Sacred Heart and St Catherine of Alexandria
The Church of the Sacred Heart and St Catherine of Alexandria is a Catholic church situated in Droitwich Spa, Worcestershire, England, noted for its remarkable and extensive mosaics. The church is heavily influenced by the churches in Ravenna, just south of Venice, Italy.

Walter Loveridge Hodgkinson of Rashwood Court, Droitwich, was the main benefactor of the church. He built the church in memory of his wife Catherine who died in 1906. The architect was Frank Barry Peacock, a partner in the Birmingham Architectural practice of Peacock and Bewlay. The foundation stone was laid on 25 November 1919, the feast of St. Catherine of Alexandria and the birth date of Catherine Hodgkinson. The first Mass was celebrated on 24 November 1921, the anniversary of the death of Catherine Hodgkinson.

The building was listed at Grade II* on 11 December 2013.
Skate (2007 video game)
Skate (stylized as skate.) is a 2007 skateboarding video game developed by EA Black Box and published by Electronic Arts for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and mobile phones. Two sequels, Skate 2 and Skate 3, were released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, with a reboot, Skate (2025) releasing on Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S, as well as Skate It, a spin-off for Wii, Nintendo DS and iOS platforms. It received positive reviews from critics.

Skate It
Skate It is a skateboarding video game developed by EA Black Box, EA Montreal, and Exient Entertainment for the Nintendo DS, Wii, and iOS. The game is a spin-off of 2007's Skate and was released in 2008.
Lummis House
Lummis House, also known as El Alisal, is a Rustic American Craftsman stone house built by Charles Fletcher Lummis in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Located on the edge of Arroyo Seco in northeast Los Angeles, California, the house's name means "alder grove" in Spanish.

The property is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument and on the list of the National Register of Historic Places.

Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
The Arroyo Seco, meaning "dry stream" in Spanish, is a 24.9-mile-long (40.1 km) seasonal river, canyon, watershed, and cultural area in Los Angeles County, California. The area was explored by Gaspar de Portolà, who named the stream Arroyo Seco because its canyon had the least water of any he had seen. During this exploration, he met the Chief Hahamog-na (Hahamongna) of the Tongva Indians.
Urokinase
Urokinase, also known as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a serine protease present in humans and other animals. The human urokinase protein was discovered, but not named, by McFarlane and Pilling in 1947. Urokinase was originally isolated from human urine, and it is also present in the blood and in the extracellular matrix of many tissues. The primary physiological substrate of this enzyme is plasminogen, which is an inactive form (zymogen) of the serine protease plasmin. Activation of plasmin triggers a proteolytic cascade that, depending on the physiological environment, participates in thrombolysis or extracellular matrix degradation. This cascade had been involved in vascular diseases and cancer progression.

Urokinase is encoded in humans by the PLAU gene, which stands for "plasminogen activator, urokinase". The same symbol represents the gene in other animal species.

Plasmin
Plasmin is an important enzyme (EC 3.4.21.7) present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots. The degradation of fibrin is termed fibrinolysis.  In humans, the plasmin protein (in the zymogen form of plasminogen) is encoded by the PLG gene.
Shizuku (video game)
Shizuku is an adult visual novel by Leaf originally released for DOS on January 26, 1996. It has since received releases for Windows, including an enhanced version featuring voice acting and enhanced graphics called Shizuku Renewal in 2004. It is the first game in Leaf's Visual Novel Series, the origin of the term "visual novel".

The game translates the format of Chunsoft's "sound novel" titles such as Otogirisō and Kamaitachi no Yoru, in which players read text and select choices in order to advance the narrative, into an eroge. The story focuses on psychological horror, exploring themes of mind control, conspiracy theory, sexual assault and social alienation.

Although no official English translation has been released, a fan translation of the 1996 version of the game released in 2026.

Eroge
An eroge (エロゲー, erogē, pronounced [eɾoɡe(ː)]), also called an H-game (エッチゲーム, ecchi game), is a Japanese genre of erotic video game. The term encompasses a wide variety of Japanese games containing erotic content across multiple genres. The first eroge were created in the 1980s, and many well-known companies in the Japanese gaming industry originally produced and distributed them. Some eroge are primarily focused on erotic content, while others, such as Key's Kanon, only contain occasional scenes in an otherwise non-erotic work. Games in the latter category are often re-released with sexual content removed for general audiences. Throughout its history, the genre has faced controversy for its use of explicit sexual content, and as a result has been banned from several console platforms.
M6 Toll
The M6 Toll, referred to on some signs as the Midland Expressway (originally named the Birmingham Northern Relief Road or BNRR), and stylised as M6toll,  connects M6 Junction 3a at the Coleshill Interchange to M6 Junction 11A at Wolverhampton with 27 miles (43 km) of six-lane motorway.

The M6 Toll is the only major toll road in Great Britain, and has two payment plazas, Great Wyrley Toll Plaza for northbound and Weeford Toll Plaza for southbound. The northbound toll plaza is situated between junctions T6 and T7, and the southbound between junctions T4 and T3. The weekday contactless card cost is £11.40 for a car and £19.90 for a Heavy Goods Vehicle.

The M6 Toll is part of the (unsigned in the UK) E-road E05 and is subject to the same regulations and policing as other motorways in the UK. It has one service station along its 27-mile (43 km) stretch, Norton Canes services.

Norton Canes services
Norton Canes services is a motorway service area on the M6 Toll, in the village of Norton Canes near the towns of Brownhills, Cannock, and Walsall, in Staffordshire, England. It is operated by Roadchef, which has a 25-year lease on the site. The company also uses the site as its head office.
Derry
Derry, officially Londonderry, is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland. Located in County Londonderry, the city now covers both banks of the River Foyle. Cityside and the old walled city being on the west bank and Waterside on the east, with two road bridges and one footbridge crossing the river in-between.

The population of the city was 85,279 in the 2021 census, while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 105,066 in 2011. The district administered by Derry City and Strabane District Council contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport. Derry is close to the border with County Donegal, with which it has had a close link for many centuries. The person traditionally seen as the founder of the original Derry is Saint Colmcille, a holy man from Tír Chonaill, the old name for almost all of modern County Donegal, of which the west bank of the Foyle was a part before 1610.

In 2013, Derry was the inaugural UK City of Culture, having been awarded the title in 2010.

Londonderry Port
Londonderry Port, now operating as Foyle Port, is a port located on Lough Foyle in Northern Ireland. It is the United Kingdom’s most westerly port and an important northerly port on the island of Ireland. The current port is at Lisahally, County Londonderry, though historically the port was upriver in the city of Derry itself. It is operated by the Londonderry Port and Harbour Commissioners, whose former offices, just north of the city's walls, are now a museum.
Median absolute deviation
In statistics, the median absolute deviation (MAD), also referred to as the median absolute deviation from the median (MADFM), is a robust or outlier-resistant measure of the variability of a univariate sample of quantitative data. 
For a univariate data set X1, X2, ..., Xn, the MAD is defined as the median of the absolute deviations from the data's median, .
It can also refer to the population parameter that is estimated by the MAD calculated from a sample.

Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics that maintain their properties even if the underlying distributional assumptions are incorrect. Robust statistical methods have been developed for many common problems, such as estimating location, scale, and regression parameters. One motivation is to produce statistical methods that are not unduly affected by outliers. Another motivation is to provide methods with good performance when there are small departures from a parametric distribution. For example, robust methods work well for mixtures of two normal distributions with different standard deviations; under this model, non-robust methods like a t-test work poorly.
Titovka (cap)
The Titovka (Cyrillic: Титовка) was a famous green side cap characteristic of the Yugoslav Partisans during World War II, and later the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), hence known as the JNA cap.  It was based on the Russian pilotka, and often had the red star badge on the front, either made out of red felt or an enamelled red star with hammer and sickle. It was named after the Partisan leader and President of Yugoslavia, Marshal Josip Broz Tito, and used by the Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia, in white or blue colour.

Side cap
A side cap is a military cap that can be folded flat when not being worn. It is also known as a garrison cap or flight cap in the United States, wedge cap in Canada, or field service cap in the United Kingdom. In form the side cap is comparable to the glengarry, a folding version of the Scottish military bonnet. It has been associated with various military forces since the middle of the 19th century, as well as various civilian organizations.
Raúl Mata
Raúl Mata (January 26, 1947 – December 19, 2018) was a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, who was mostly active from the 1960s to the 1980s.

Mata was the Mexican National Light Heavyweight Champion for a record 1,164 days. He often teamed with his brother Carlos Mata and together they held the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship promoted by NWA Hollywood Wrestling in the Southern California region. He also won the tag team title with Dory Dixon, Ray Mendoza, David Morgan, Victor Rivera and Chavo Guerrero (twice).

Dory Dixon
Dorrel "Dory" Dixon (born February 1, 1934) is a Jamaican retired professional wrestler who worked for the majority of his career in Mexico, where he eventually became a Mexican citizen. He is currently a pastor for the Seventh-day Adventist Church, preaching about religion and physical health all over Mexico.
The Planners Are Coming
The Planners Are Coming is a British fly on the wall documentary television series broadcast on BBC One in 2008 and 2009. It follows council Planning Officers and Enforcement Officers as they dealt with planning applications and enforced planning regulations in cases where planning permission had not been sought.

Council planning departments featured in the programme include those of Braintree in Essex and Barking & Dagenham, Barnet and Brent in London.

In 2008, the first four episodes were shown in an 8pm slot, with the remaining four episodes airing in 2009 at the later time of 10:35pm. The series has also been broadcast on The LifeStyle Channel in Australia.

When the programme was first announced by the BBC in June 2007, the working title was The Planners, but this was later changed to The Planners Are Coming. In 2013, a similar documentary series called The Planners aired on BBC Two and in 2014 a new series called Permission Impossible: Britain's Planners began on BBC Two.

Permission Impossible: Britain's Planners
Permission Impossible: Britain's Planners is a British fly-on-the-wall television documentary series broadcast on BBC Two, which follows local council planning officers as they deal with applications for planning permission. It is the successor to The Planners.

Permission Impossible: Britain's Planners follows the work of council planning officers in the United Kingdom, including planners from Broxbourne Borough Council, Denbighshire County Council, Cheshire West and Chester Council, Stroud District Council and Torfaen County Borough Council.

The series, which consists of eight episodes, began on 25 February 2014 and was broadcast each week-night from Tuesday to Friday on BBC Two at 7pm, over a two-week period.