hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cerro La Santa
Cerro La Santa is a 2,962 feet (903 m) high mountain and the highest point in the Sierra de Cayey in Puerto Rico. The peak of Cerro La Santa is located in the Carite State Forest, at a tri-point shared by the municipalities of Caguas (San Salvador), Cayey (Farallón) and San Lorenzo (Espino).

Carite State Forest
Carite State Forest (Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Carite) is a state forest and nature reserve located in the Sierra de Cayey mountain range in southeastern Puerto Rico. The forest extends over approximately 2,600 hectares (6,500 acres) and is located in the municipalities of Caguas, Cayey, Guayama, Patillas and San Lorenzo. The forest is located along the Ruta Panorámica (officially the Luis Muñoz Marín Scenic Route), which offers access to the forest.
First battle of Dongola
The first battle of Dongola took place between the early Muslim Rashidun army and the Oriental Orthodox Christian Nubians of the Makuria in 642, This was the  first real Rashidun Arab defeat on the battlefield despite outnumbering their opponents.

The battle, which resulted in a Makurian victory, halted Arab incursions into Nubia and set the tone for an atmosphere of hostility between the two cultures until the culmination of the second battle of Dongola in 652.

Second battle of Dongola
The second battle of Dongola or siege of Dongola was a military engagement between early Arab forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Nubian-Christian forces of the kingdom of Makuria in 652. The battle ended Muslim expansion into Nubia, establishing trade and a historic peace between the Muslim world and a Christian nation. As a result, Makuria was able to grow into a regional power that would dominate Nubia for over the next 500 years.
Grassi Museum
The Grassi Museum is a building complex in Leipzig, home to three museums: the Ethnography Museum, Musical Instruments Museum, and Applied Arts Museum.

It is sometimes known as the "Museums in the Grassi", or as the "New" Grassi Museum (to distinguish it from the older building with this name, now home to the municipal library).

Leipzig Museum of Ethnography
The Leipzig Museum of Ethnography (German: Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig) is a large ethnographic museum in Leipzig, Germany, also known as the Grassi Museum of Ethnology.  Today it is part of the Grassi Museum, an institution which also includes the Museum of Applied Arts and the Museum of Musical Instruments, based in a large building on the Johannisplatz.

The Leipzig Museum of Ethnography is one of three museums in the Saxon State Ethnographical Collections which belong to the Dresden State Art Collections.
Iolaus (butterfly)
Iolaus is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The lineages defined as Argiolaus, Epamera, Iolaphilus and Stugeta are often included in Iolaus. Iolaus species are found in the Afrotropical realm.There are ca. 130 species in Iolaus

Medium-sized butterflies, hind wing with two long tails. The upper side is more or less shiny blue. The undersides are pale greyish-brown, often with a dark transverse line in the dista part or an orange spot at the hind corner of the hindwing.

Most species have larvae that feed onsemi-parasitic plants in the mistletoe family (Viscaceae).

The genus is distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, also in southern Arabia, which is biogeographically part of Africa, and north to Israel.

Epamera
Epamera is a genus-group of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae first described by Hamilton Herbert Druce in 1891. Most authorities consider Epamera to be a subgenus of Iolaus. The species of Epamera are found in the Afrotropical realm.
Analysis of competing hypotheses
The analysis of competing hypotheses (ACH) is a methodology for evaluating multiple competing hypotheses for observed data. It was developed by Richards (Dick) J. Heuer, Jr., a 45-year veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency, in the 1970s for use by the Agency. ACH is used by analysts in various fields who make judgments that entail a high risk of error in reasoning. ACH aims to help an analyst overcome, or at least minimize, some of the cognitive limitations that make prescient intelligence analysis so difficult to achieve.

ACH was a step forward in intelligence analysis methodology, but it was first described in relatively informal terms. Producing the best available information from uncertain data remains the goal of researchers, tool-builders, and analysts in industry, academia and government. Their domains include data mining, cognitive psychology and visualization, probability and statistics, etc. Abductive reasoning is an earlier concept with similarities to ACH.

Intelligence analysis
Intelligence analysis is the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret socio-cultural context. The descriptions are drawn from what may only be available in the form of deliberately deceptive information; the analyst must correlate the similarities among deceptions and extract a common truth. Although its practice is found in its purest form inside national intelligence agencies, its methods are also applicable in fields such as business intelligence or competitive intelligence.
San Pedro Valley
The San Pedro Valley starts 10 miles (16 km) south of the United States–Mexico border and extends 140 miles (230 km) north through Arizona. The San Pedro River flows from the state of Sonora, Mexico, through Cochise, Pima, Graham, and Pinal Counties to Winkelman, Arizona.

San Pedro River (Arizona)
The San Pedro River is a northward-flowing stream originating about 10 miles (16 km) south of the international border south of Sierra Vista, Arizona, in Cananea Municipality, Sonora, Mexico. The river starts at the confluence of other streams (Las Nutrias and El Sauz) just east of Sauceda, Cananea. Within Arizona, the river flows 140 miles (230 km) north through Cochise County, Pima County, Graham County, and Pinal County to its confluence with the Gila River, at Winkelman, Arizona. It is the last major undammed desert river in the American Southwest, and it is of major ecological importance as it hosts two-thirds of the avian diversity in the United States, including 100 species of breeding birds and almost 300 species of migrating birds.
New Cumnock (ward)
New Cumnock was one of 32 electoral wards of East Ayrshire Council. Originally created in 1974, the ward was initially within Cumnock and Doon Valley District Council before the local government reforms in the 1990s. The ward elected one councillor using the first-past-the-post voting electoral system.

The ward was a Labour stronghold as the party successfully held the seat at every election from its creation in 1974 until it was abolished.

In 2007, the ward was abolished and replaced by the multi-member Cumnock and New Cumnock ward as council elections moved to a proportional voting system – the single transferable vote – following the implementation of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004.

Cumnock and New Cumnock (ward)
Cumnock and New Cumnock  is one of the nine electoral wards of East Ayrshire Council. Created in 2007, the ward elects four councillors using the single transferable vote electoral system and covers an area with a population of 13,210 people.

The area is a Labour stronghold with the party holding three of the four seats between in 2007 and 2017. Support for the party fell in 2017 with only one councillor elected but it recovered in 2022 and the party currently holds half the seats.
Renée Montagne
Renée Montagne (/mɒnˈteɪn/) is an American former radio journalist and was the co-host (with Steve Inskeep and David Greene) of National Public Radio's weekday morning news program, Morning Edition, from May 2004 to November 11, 2016. Montagne and Inskeep succeeded longtime host Bob Edwards, initially as interim replacements, and Greene joined the team in 2012. Montagne had served as a correspondent and occasional host since 1989.  She usually broadcast from NPR West in Culver City, California, a Los Angeles suburb.

Bob Edwards
Robert Alan Edwards (May 16, 1947 – February 10, 2024) was an American broadcast journalist who was a Peabody Award-winning member of the National Radio Hall of Fame. He hosted both of National Public Radio's flagship news programs, the afternoon All Things Considered, and Morning Edition, where he was the first and longest serving host in the latter program's history.  Starting in 2004, Edwards hosted The Bob Edwards Show on Sirius XM Radio and Bob Edwards Weekend distributed by Public Radio International to more than 150 public radio stations. Those programs ended in September 2015.
Boris Sholokhov
Boris Anatolyevich Sholokhov  (Russian: Бори́с Анато́льевич Шо́лохов; 1919–2003) was a Socialist realism artist from the Soviet Union, a student of Pyotr Ivanovich Sholokhov, and a candidate of art criticism, whose artworks are stored in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.

Pyotr Sholokhov
Pyotr Ivanovich Sholokhov  (Russian: Пётр Иванович Шолохов) was a Russian realist artist, who was a member of the Union of Russian Artists as well as the Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists. He was also a professor of Fine Arts, a graduate of Vkhutemas, and an apprentice of Russian realist artist Abram Arkhipov. Today many of his works are held in the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. A museum under his name was opened in Borisoglebsk in the Voronezh Oblast. He is also the author of «From the Viewpoint of an Artist: Countrymen, Colleagues, and the Second World War» (М.2009).
Ascanio Luciano
Ascanio Luciano or Ascanio Luciani (1621 – 18 August 1706) was an Italian architectural painter who was active during the Baroque period. He is known for his architectural paintings, capricci, compositions with figures among ruins, and some vedute. He worked in Naples throughout his career. He is regarded as playing an important hinge role in the genre of architectural capricci between leading founders of the genre such as Viviano Codazzi and François de Nomé and the 18th-century specialists of the genre.

Viviano Codazzi
Viviano Codazzi (c. 1604 – 5 November 1670) was an Italian architectural painter who was active during the Baroque period.  He is known for his architectural paintings, capricci, compositions with ruins, and some vedute.  He worked in Naples and Rome. He is known in older sources as Viviano Codagora or il Codagora.
Formica lugubris
Formica lugubris, also known as the hairy wood ant is commonly found in wooded upland areas across northern Eurasia. Colonies construct large thatched mound nests occupied by thousands of workers, and one or more queens. Workers look similar to other species of wood ants (genus Formica), but Formica lugubris workers can be identified by a fringe of hairs that reaches down to their eyes and prominent hairs between the facets of their compound eyes. Workers can reach sizes of up to 9 mm long; queens are larger, reaching 12 mm long.

Formica
Formica is a genus of ants of the subfamily Formicinae, including species commonly known as wood ants, mound ants, thatching ants, and field ants. Formica is the type genus of the Formicidae, and of the subfamily Formicinae. The type species of genus Formica is the European red wood ant Formica rufa.  Ants of this genus tend to be between 4 and 8 mm long.
Blanche Burton-Lyles
Blanche Henrietta Burton-Lyles (March 2, 1933 – November 20, 2018) was an American pianist, music educator, and historian. She was the protégé of the opera singer Marian Anderson, and went on to establish the Marian Anderson Museum and Historical Society.

Marian Anderson House
The Marian Anderson House is a historic home located in the Southwest Center City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Built circa 1870 in the same neighborhood where opera singer and civil rights activist Marian Anderson was born 27 years later, this two-story, brick rowhouse dwelling was designed in the Italianate style. Purchased by Anderson in 1924, the same year she became the first African-American concert artist to record spirituals for a major American recording company, she continued to reside here until 1943. The house is currently home to the Marian Anderson Museum and Historical Society.
Elvis: That's the Way It Is
Elvis: That's the Way It Is is a 1970 American documentary film directed by Denis Sanders. The film documents American singer Elvis Presley's Summer Festival in Las Vegas during August 1970. It was his first non-dramatic film since the beginning of his film career in 1956, and the film gives a clear view of Presley's return to live performances after years of making films. The film was released simultaneously with Presley's similarly titled twelfth studio album, That's the Way It Is. It was followed up in 1972 with Elvis on Tour.

In 2001, Elvis: That's the Way It Is was reissued as a "special edition" with a different edit, unseen footage and alternate performances. The 2001 edit is shorter than the original but has greater emphasis on Presley's performances, and is the version most widely seen today. In 2025, more unseen footage from Elvis: That's the Way It Is was featured in a new documentary, EPiC: Elvis Presley in Concert.

EPiC: Elvis Presley in Concert
EPiC: Elvis Presley in Concert is a 2025 documentary film about Elvis Presley directed by Baz Luhrmann. It is a follow-up to Luhrmann's 2022 biopic Elvis. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2025. It received extremely positive reviews from critics.

The film had its first advance U.S. screenings at Graceland on January 8, 2026; what would have been Presley's 91st birthday. It was then released exclusively in IMAX cinemas beginning on February 20, 2026. Subsequently, it was then released on conventional cinema screens one week later on February 27, 2026.
Kamo no Mabuchi
Kamo no Mabuchi (賀茂 真淵; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.mo no maꜜ.bɯ.tɕi, kaꜜ.mo no | maꜜ.bɯ.tɕi], 24 April 1697 – 27 November 1769) was a kokugaku scholar, poet and philologist during mid-Edo period Japan. Along with Kada no Azumamaro, Motoori Norinaga, and Hirata Atsutane, he was regarded as one of the Four Great Men of Kokugaku, and through his research into the spirit of ancient Japan (through his studies of the Man'yōshū and other works of ancient literature) he expounded on the theory of magokoro, which he held to be fundamental to the history of Japan. Independently of and alongside his contemporary Motoori Norinaga, Mabuchi is accredited with the initial discovery of Lyman's Law, governing rendaku in the Japanese language, though which would later be named after Benjamin Smith Lyman.

Kada no Azumamaro
Kada no Azumamaro (荷田 春満; February 3, 1669 – August 8, 1736) was a poet and philologist of the early  Edo period. His ideas had a germinal impact on the kokugaku school of  nativist studies in Japan. He was commonly known as Hakura Itsuki (羽倉斎宮). His first name was Nobumori (信盛) and later Higashimaru (東丸) . He is considered one of the four great scholars of Japanese classics along with Kamo no Mabuchi, Motoori Norinaga, and Hirata Atsutane.
Avia BH-8
The Avia BH-8 was a prototype fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1923. It was an unequal-span biplane developed on the basis of the ill-fated BH-6 design, in an attempt to address that type's problems. It shared the BH-6's unusual wing cellule design.

When test-flown in late 1923, it did indeed display better flying characteristics than its predecessor, but was overtaken in development by another variation of the same design, the BH-17.

Avia BH-6
The Avia BH-6 was a prototype fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1923. It was a single-bay biplane of unusual configuration, developed in tandem with the BH-7, which shared its fuselage and tail design.
Škoda Kushaq
The Škoda Kushaq is a subcompact crossover SUV (C-segment) manufactured by the Czech automaker Škoda Auto in India since 2021. The vehicle is heavily based on the Volkswagen T-Cross and its derivative for the Indian market, the Volkswagen Taigun. The name 'Kushaq' was derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kushak' which denotes 'King' or 'Emperor'.

Volkswagen Taigun
The Volkswagen Taigun is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen since 2021. Manufactured in India and destined for the Indian and Mexican markets, the Taigun is based on the Volkswagen T-Cross.

The "Taigun" nameplate can be traced to 2012 when Volkswagen unveiled an unrelated smaller crossover SUV concept car with the same name. It was based on the Up city car and was planned to be mass-produced in 2016 for Europe, Brazil and India. However, the Up-based Taigun project was ultimately cancelled.
Laodice (sister-wife of Mithridates IV of Pontus)
Laodice (flourished 2nd century BC) was a princess and queen of the Kingdom of Pontus, married to her brother Mithridates IV of Pontus. Numismatic evidence makes it likely that Laodice was co-regent with Mithridates IV.

Mithridates IV of Pontus
Mithridates IV of Pontus, sometimes known by his full name Mithridates Philopator Philadelphus, (Greek: Mιθριδάτης ὁ Φιλoπάτωρ Φιλάδελφoς, "Mithridates the father-loving, brother-loving"; died c. 150 BC) was a prince and sixth ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus.
Robbi Weldon
Robbi Weldon (born 6 September 1975) is a Canadian visually impaired Paralympic Nordic skier and Para-cyclist who has competed in the 2010 Winter Paralympics, 2014 Winter Paralympics and in the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She has also participated in the 2011 Guadalajara Parapan Ams. She won five medals, all of which are all gold.

Weldon started skiing at the age of three and in 2010, she started Para-Cycling. Her guide for Para-Cycling is Lyne Bessette and her guide for Para-Skiing is Phil Wood.

Lyne Bessette
Lyne Bessette (born 10 March 1975 in Lac Brome, Quebec, Canada) is a politician and retired professional bicycle racer from Quebec, Canada. She was elected to represent the riding of Brome—Missisquoi in the 2019 federal election as a member of the Liberal Party of Canada.

Bessette was a member of the Canadian Olympic team in 2000 and 2004. She won the Tour de l'Aude Feminin in 1999 and 2001 and the Women's Challenge in 2001.

Bessette was the pilot for para-cyclist and para-nordic skier Robbi Weldon's gold medal wins at the 2012 Summer Paralympics Women's road race B and 2010 Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) World Para-cycling Championships. Even though she retired from professional bike racing in 2006, in 2018, she was appointed Garneau ambassador.

Bessette declined to seek re-election in July 2021 ahead of the year's federal election.

Bessette was inducted into the FQSC hall of fame in November 2022
Peshawar Division
Peshawar Division is an administrative division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. It was abolished in the reforms of 2000, like all divisions, but reinstated in 2008. At independence in 1947, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (then North-West Frontier Province) was split into two divisions, Dera Ismail Khan and Peshawar. Until 1976, Peshawar Division contained the districts of Hazara and Kohat, when they both became divisions themselves. Later in the mid-1990s, the district of Mardan (and its tehsils) also became a division itself. CNIC code of Peshawar Division is 17.

Mardan Division
Mardan Division is one of the seven divisions in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It consists of two districts: Mardan and Swabi. The division borders Hazara Division, Malakand Division, and Peshawar Division. CNIC code of Mardan Division is 16.
FADEC
In aviation, a full authority digital engine (or electronics) control (FADEC) (/ˈfeɪdɛk/) is a system consisting of a digital computer, called an "electronic engine controller" (EEC) or "engine control unit" (ECU), and its related accessories that control all aspects of aircraft engine performance. FADECs have been produced for both piston engines and jet engines.

Engine control unit
An engine control unit (ECU), also called an engine control module (ECM), is a device that controls various subsystems of an internal combustion engine. Systems commonly controlled by an ECU include the fuel injection and ignition systems.

The earliest ECUs (used by aircraft engines in the late 1930s) were mechanical-hydraulic units; however, most 21st-century ECUs operate using digital electronics.
Vicki Randle
Vicki Randle (born December 11, 1954) is an American singer, multi-instrumentalist (primarily acoustic guitar, bass and percussion) and composer, known as the first permanent female member of The Tonight Show Band, starting with host Jay Leno in 1992.

The Tonight Show Band
The Tonight Show Band refers to the house band on the American television variety show The Tonight Show, which has created an important showcase for jazz on American television. The Tonight Show Band has changed in form and composition since the program first aired in 1954. The Roots have been The Tonight Show Band since 2014 for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.
Lawrence Graham
Lawrence Graham LLP (informally LG) was a multinational law firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom. The firm had over 180 lawyers, and as well as London it had offices in Dubai, Moscow, Singapore and Monaco. Lawrence Graham merged with the Birmingham-headquartered law firm Wragge & Co in May 2014, forming Wragge Lawrence Graham & Co.

Wragge & Co
Wragge & Co LLP was a UK-headquartered international law firm providing a full range of legal services to UK and international clients. Wragge & Co merged with the London law firm Lawrence Graham in May 2014, forming Wragge Lawrence Graham & Co. In 2016, Wragge Lawrence Graham & Co merged with the Canadian law firm Gowlings to become Gowling WLG.

According to The Lawyer 200 in 2011, Wragge & Co was the 23rd-largest law firm in the UK. Twenty of its partners featured among the 'leading individuals' of the Legal 500, while the firm was ranked for 41 different practice areas in Chambers UK 2012. Its 126 equity partners and 500 lawyers advised on deals, projects and disputes from the firm's headquarters in Birmingham and offices in London, Brussels, Guangzhou and Munich. Wragge & Co also had affiliated offices in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Paris.
Insects as feed
Insects as feed are insect species used as animal feed, either for livestock, including aquaculture, or as pet food.

As livestock feed production uses ~33% of the world's agricultural cropland use,  insects might be able to supplement livestock feed. They can transform low-value organic wastes, are nutritious and have low environmental impacts.  However, recent studies have shown that the carbon impact of insect proteins is higher than that of soybean meal or fish meal, reducing their environmental benefits.

Insect-based pet food
Insect-based pet food is pet food consisting of, or containing insects digestible by pets such as dogs or cats. A limited, but growing number of products are available on the market, including insect-based cat food, dog food, and pet treats.

The process of consuming insects by animals (as well as humans) is called entomophagy.
Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong
The Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港自由民主聯會, abbreviated 自民聯; LDF) was a pro-Beijing pro-business and conservative political party in Hong Kong. It was established in 1990, and was composed of mainly conservative businessmen and professionals. It contested in the District Board elections, Urban and Regional Council elections and the first Legislative Council election in 1991 against the liberal United Democrats of Hong Kong (UDHK). It was merged into the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance in 1997. Chaired by Hu Fa-kuang and vice-chaired by Maria Tam and Philip Kwok, the leading figures included Tso Wung-wai, Howard Young, and Daniel Heung.

Hong Kong Progressive Alliance
The Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) was a pro-Beijing, pro-business political party in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. It was established in 1994 and was merged into the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) in 2005. The DAB then renamed as the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong.