hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Backbone-dependent rotamer library
In biochemistry, a backbone-dependent rotamer library provides the frequencies, mean dihedral angles, and standard deviations of the discrete conformations (known as rotamers) of the amino acid side chains in proteins as a function of the backbone dihedral angles φ and ψ of the Ramachandran map. By contrast, backbone-independent rotamer libraries express the frequencies and mean dihedral angles for all side chains in proteins, regardless of the backbone conformation of each residue type. Backbone-dependent rotamer libraries have been shown to have significant advantages over backbone-independent rotamer libraries, principally when used as an energy term, by speeding up search times of side-chain packing algorithms used in protein structure prediction and protein design.

Protein design
Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein function. Proteins can be designed from scratch (de novo design) or by making calculated variants of a known protein structure and its sequence (termed protein redesign). Rational protein design approaches make protein-sequence predictions that will fold to specific structures. These predicted sequences can then be validated experimentally through methods such as peptide synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, or artificial gene synthesis.

Rational protein design dates back to the mid-1970s. Recently, however, there were numerous examples of successful rational design of water-soluble and even transmembrane peptides and proteins, in part due to a better understanding of different factors contributing to protein structure stability and development of better computational methods.
Skylar Astin
Skylar Astin Lipstein (born September 23, 1987) is an American actor and singer. He became known for portraying Jesse Swanson in the musical films Pitch Perfect (2012) and Pitch Perfect 2 (2015). He originated the role of Georg in the Broadway musical Spring Awakening, and has since appeared in films such as Hamlet 2 (2008), Taking Woodstock (2009), Cavemen (2013), and 21 & Over (2013). He played the role of Greg Serrano on the last season of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, a role originally played by Santino Fontana, and Max in the musical dramedy Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist (2020). He played the eponymous role of Todd in the television drama So Help Me Todd, which premiered in September 2022 and concluded on May 16, 2024.

21 & Over (film)
21 & Over is a 2013 American comedy film written and directed by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore, in their directorial debut. The film stars Justin Chon, Miles Teller, and Skylar Astin, and follows a trio of friends who go out drinking to celebrate one of their 21st birthdays despite having a medical school interview the following morning. The film was released on March 1, 2013, and received generally negative reviews from critics with a gross of $48 million.
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae (/ˌtɪliˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record of use.

All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result, it is recommended when this name is encountered to check what the author means.

However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is Tilia, the lime or linden.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Morettisches Opernhaus
The Morettische Opernhaus (also Moretti-Theater) was the most frequently performed opera house in Dresden from the end of the 18th century, in the era of Carl Maria von Weber and until the construction of the first Königliches Hoftheater Dresden.

Königliches Hoftheater Dresden
The Königliches Hoftheater (Royal Court Theatre) in Dresden, Saxony, was a theatre for opera and drama in the royal seat of the Kingdom of Saxony from 1841 and 1869, designed by Gottfried Semper. It was the predecessor of today's Semperoper, and is therefore sometimes called Altes Hoftheater (Old Court Theatre).
Initial topology
In general topology and related areas of mathematics, the initial topology (or induced topology or weak topology or limit topology or projective topology) on a set  with respect to a family of functions on  is the coarsest topology on  that makes those functions continuous.

The subspace topology and product topology constructions are both special cases of initial topologies. Indeed, the initial topology construction can be viewed as a generalization of these.

The dual notion is the final topology, which for a given family of functions mapping to a set  is the finest topology on  that makes those functions continuous.

Product topology
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a product space is the Cartesian product of a family of topological spaces equipped with a natural topology called the product topology.  This topology differs from another, perhaps more natural-seeming, topology called the box topology, which can also be given to a product space and which agrees with the product topology when the product is over only finitely many spaces.  However, the product topology is "correct" in that it makes the product space a categorical product of its factors, whereas the box topology is too fine; in that sense the product topology is the natural topology on the Cartesian product.
Shen Lyu-shun
Shen Lyu-shun (Chinese: 沈呂巡; 12 November 1949 – 6 January 2023) was a Taiwanese diplomat who served at posts in the United States and Europe. He also served in the Department of North American Affairs in the Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was best known as serving as the representative of the Republic of China to the United States from 2014 to 2016.

Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States
The Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (Chinese: 駐美國臺北經濟文化代表處; pinyin: Zhù Měiguó Táiběi Jīngjì Wénhuà Dàibiǎo Chù) represents the interests of Taiwan in the United States in the absence of formal diplomatic relations, functioning as a de facto embassy. Its counterpart in Taiwan is the office of the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) in Taipei.
Shinjuku
Shinjuku (Japanese: 新宿区, Hepburn: Shinjuku-ku; IPA: [ɕiɲdʑɯkɯ] ⓘ), officially called Shinjuku City, is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

Since the end of World War II, Shinjuku has become a major secondary center of Tokyo (fukutoshin), rivaling the original city center in Marunouchi. Today, it is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administrative center of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

As of 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 355,981, living in a total area of 18.23 km2.

Fukutoshin Line
The Fukutoshin Line (副都心線, Fukutoshin-sen), formally the No. 13 Fukutoshin Line (13号線副都心線, Jū-san-gō-sen Fukutoshin-sen), is a 20.2-kilometer (12.6 mi) subway line operated by Tokyo Metro in west-central Tokyo and Wako, Saitama, Japan.

The newest line in the Tokyo subway network, it opened in stages between 1994 and 2008. On average, the Fukutoshin Line carried 362,654 passengers daily in 2017, the lowest of all Tokyo Metro lines and roughly one third of its sister Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line (1,124,478).

Fukutoshin is Japanese for "secondary city center", and the Fukutoshin Line connects three of Tokyo's secondary city centers: Ikebukuro, Shinjuku and Shibuya. Prior to its opening, only JR East had rail service between the three (on the Yamanote Line, the Saikyō Line and the Shōnan-Shinjuku Line).
Tarn-et-Garonne
Tarn-et-Garonne (French: [taʁn e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Occitan: Tarn e Garona [ˈtaɾ e ɣaˈɾunɔ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. It is traversed by the rivers Tarn and Garonne, from which it takes its name. The area was originally part of the former provinces of Quercy and Languedoc. The department was created in 1808 under Napoleon, with territory taken from the neighbouring Lot, Haute-Garonne, Lot-et-Garonne, Gers and Aveyron departments.

The department is mostly rural with fertile agricultural land in the broad river valley, but there are hilly areas to the south, east and north. The departmental prefecture is Montauban; the sole subprefecture is Castelsarrasin. In 2019, it had a population of 260,669.

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Gasparinisuchus
Gasparinisuchus is an extinct genus of peirosaurid notosuchian known from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian to early Campanian stage) of Neuquén and Mendoza Provinces, western central Argentina. It contains a single species, Gasparinisuchus peirosauroides.

Peirosaurus
Peirosaurus is an extinct genus of peirosaurid crocodylomorph known from the Late Cretaceous period (late Maastrichtian stage) of Minas Gerais, southern Brazil. It contains a single species, Peirosaurus torminni. It is the type genus of the family Peirosauridae.
Harold Herath
Deshabandu James Edward Herath Herald known as Harold Herath (10 March 1930 – 31 August 2007)  was a senior Sri Lankan politician and Cabinet Minister. Herath was most notably Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Ranasinghe Premadasa from 1991 to 1993. He entered Parliament winning the Nattandiya electorate in the Puttalam Electoral District 1977, and held his seat until 2000 retiring not contesting the 2001 parliamentary election. He has also held the portfolios of Minister of Justice and Minister of Coconut Development.

In 2005 Harold Herath was conferred the national honour and title Deshabandu by President Chandrika Kumaratunga. Harold Herath died on 31 August 2007 after a brief illness, he was 77. He was married to Gwen Herath, a former Provincial Council member and President of the Women's Cricket Association of Sri Lanka (WCASL), and was father to three children.

Deshabandhu
Deshabandhu (Sinhala: දේශබන්ධු, romanized: dēśabandhu;  Tamil: தேசபந்து, romanized: Tēcapantu, lit. 'Patriot') is the third highest national honour awarded in Sri Lanka. It is awarded "for meritorious service". The title is held by no more than 150 living holders at any time. It is conferred with a citation and a silver medal with a symbol of a peacock. It is conventionally used as a title or prefix to the awardee's name.

Deshabandhu ranks lower than Deshamanya.
Norbu Wangchuk
Norbu Wangchuk is the former Bhutanese Minister for Education, having served in the Tobgay cabinet from 2013 to 2018.

Wangchuk was appointed as the Minister for Economic Affairs when the People's Democratic Party won the 2013 elections. On April 8, 2016, he was appointed the Minister of Education after former Education Minister Mingbo Drukpa resigned.

Wangchuk has a bachelor's degree in botany and zoology, an MBA, and postgraduate certification in education (PGCE). He started his career as a teacher and moved on to become a senior lecturer at the Royal Institute of Management (RIM). He later worked as an education researcher and consultant.

Ministry of Education and Skills Development (Bhutan)
The Ministry of Education and Skills Development (MoESD) (Dzongkha: ཤེས་རིག་དང་རིག་རྩལ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཁག།; Wylie: shes rig dang rig rtsal gong 'phel lhan khag) is a governmental body under the Royal Government of Bhutan, responsible for formulating and implementing educational policies across the country.  As of 2024, the ministry controls 566 schools.
Absorbing boundary condition
In numerical analysis of wave problems, absorbing boundary conditions, non-reflecting boundary conditions or transmitting boundaries are artificial boundary conditions applied at the edges of a finite computational domain to allow outgoing waves to pass out of the grid without generating reflections.

In many physical problems, such as acoustics, electromagnetics, and fluid dynamics, waves naturally propagate into an infinite or semi-infinite space. However, numerical methods like finite difference or finite element methods require a finite, truncated grid to remain computationally feasible. Without an effective absorbing boundary condition, waves reaching the artificial boundary of the simulation would reflect back into the interior, causing non-physical interference and spurious echoes that contaminate the results.

Engquist–Majda absorbing boundary condition
In numerical methods for partial differential equations, Engquist–Majda absorbing boundary conditions or Lindman–Engquist–Majda absorbing boundary conditions are a hierarchy of absorbing boundary conditions for the numerical solution of wave equations. Named after mathematicians Björn Engquist and Andrew Majda, they are designed to allow waves to exit a finite computational domain with minimal artificial reflection through the use of one-way wave equations, essentially making the boundaries transparent to outgoing radiation. Within the context of computational electromagnetics, they are known as Mur absorbing boundary condition after Gerrit Mur, who introduced a discretized version of the boundary conditions for finite-difference time-domain method  in 1981.
Prima Games
Prima Games is a website owned by Gamurs that covers video game news and tips. Founded in 1990, it was formerly a publishing company of print and digital strategy guides for video games. Random House acquired the company in 2001. In 2015, Prima Games merged with BradyGames, an imprint of DK, where it continued to operate under the Prima name. In 2019, DK announced that Prima Games would cease the production of strategy guides, later selling the company to Asteri Holdings the same year. Gamurs acquired Prima Games in 2022.

Gamurs
The GAMURS Group, simply known as Gamurs, is an esports media and entertainment publisher. Established in 2014, the group operates multiple brands focusing on the esports and entertainment news markets, including the websites Dot Esports, We Got This Covered, The Mary Sue, Prima Games, and Escapist. GAMURS is based in Sydney, Australia, with an office in Austin, Texas.
Marie-Josephte Corriveau
Marie-Josephte Corriveau (1733 – (1763-04-18)April 18, 1763), better known as "la Corriveau", is a well-known figure in Québécois folklore. She lived in New France, and was sentenced to death in 1763 by a British court martial for the murder of her second husband. She was hanged, and her body was placed in a gibbet on public display in Lévis. Her story has become a legend in Quebec, and she is the subject of many books and plays.

Lévis
Lévis (French pronunciation: [levi] ⓘ) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada, located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis, and two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and the Pierre-Laporte Bridge, connect western Lévis with Quebec City.

The population in 2021 was 149,683. Its current incarnation was founded on January 1, 2002, as the result of a merger among ten cities, including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861.

Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Lévis. Its geographical code is 25 as a census division, and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory.
Pittman Center, Tennessee
Pittman Center is a town in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 454 at the 2020 census and 502 at the 2010 census. The town is 8 miles east of Gatlinburg and borders the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. U.S. Route 321 passes through the town.

Emert's Cove is situated in Pittman Center, a broad valley along the Middle Fork of the Little Pigeon River. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park borders Pittman Center to the south, and the town's history and economy are largely intertwined with that of the Smokies.

It is also the birthplace of American country music singer Dolly Parton.

Gatlinburg, Tennessee
Gatlinburg is a city in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. It is located 39 miles (63 km) southeast of Knoxville and had a population of 3,577 at the 2020 census. It is a popular mountain resort town, as it rests on the border of Great Smoky Mountains National Park along U.S. Route 441.
Northcote (So Hungover)
"Northcote (So Hungover)" is a song by Australian musical comedian The Bedroom Philosopher released in February 2010 and is taken from the ARIA-nominated album Songs from the 86 Tram. It was a notable radio hit on national broadcaster Triple J and its film clip, directed by Craig Melville and produced by David Curry, received over 500,000 views on YouTube.

The song featured in the following year's Triple J Hottest 100 and charted at 12 on the Australian independent charts.

Justin Heazlewood
Justin Heazlewood (born 1980), a.k.a. the Bedroom Philosopher, is an Australian author, songwriter and performer. He has released several albums of musical comedy, toured Australia extensively, been nominated for an ARIA Award and published books about his experiences in the entertainment industry.
Cultural District, Pittsburgh
The Cultural District is a fourteen-square-block area in Downtown Pittsburgh bordered by the Allegheny River on the north, Tenth Street on the east, Stanwix Street on the west, and Liberty Avenue on the south.

The Cultural District features six theaters offering some 1,500 shows annually, as well as art galleries, restaurants, and retail shops. Its landmarks include Allegheny Riverfront Park, the Benedum Center, the Byham Theater, the Harris Theater, Heinz Hall, the O'Reilly Theater, Pittsburgh Creative and Performing Arts School, the Three Rivers Arts Festival Gallery, the Wood Street Galleries, and the August Wilson Center for African American Culture.

Major arts organizations based here include the Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre, Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera, the Pittsburgh Dance Council, Pittsburgh Opera, Pittsburgh Public Theater, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Bricolage Production Company, and Pittsburgh Playwrights Theatre Company.

Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra
The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (PSO) is an American orchestra based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The orchestra is resident at Heinz Hall, located in Pittsburgh's Cultural District.  Since 2008, the orchestra's music director is Manfred Honeck.  The orchestra's current president and CEO is Melia Tourangeau.
Completeness (statistics)
In statistics, completeness is a property of a statistic computed on a sample dataset in relation to a parametric model of the dataset. It is opposed to the concept of an ancillary statistic. While an ancillary statistic contains no information about the model parameters, a complete statistic contains only information about the parameters, and no ancillary information. It is closely related to the concept of a sufficient statistic which contains all of the information that the dataset provides about the parameters.

Ancillary statistic
In statistics, ancillarity is a property of a statistic computed on a sample dataset in relation to a parametric model of the dataset. An ancillary statistic has the same distribution regardless of the value of the parameters and thus provides no information about them.
It is opposed to the concept of a complete statistic which contains no ancillary information. It is closely related to the concept of a sufficient statistic which contains all of the information that the dataset provides about the parameters.

A ancillary statistic is a specific case of a pivotal quantity that is computed only from the data and not from the parameters. They can be used to construct prediction intervals. They are also used in connection with Basu's theorem to prove independence between statistics.

This concept was first introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s, but its formal definition was only provided in 1964 by Debabrata Basu.
Stratton Oakmont
Stratton Oakmont, Inc. was an American over-the-counter brokerage house founded in 1989 by Jordan Belfort and Danny Porush. The firm defrauded many shareholders, leading to the arrest and incarceration of several executives and the closing of the firm in 1996.

Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act was created in response to Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co..

Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co.
Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co., 23 Media L. Rep. 1794 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1995), is a decision of the New York Supreme Court holding that online service providers can be liable for the speech of their users. The ruling caused controversy among early supporters of the Internet, including some lawmakers, leading to the passage of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act in 1996.
Viscount Teviot
Viscount Teviot was a title that was created twice in the Peerage of Scotland. The first creation was on 20 October 1685 for the Honourable Robert Spencer of the Spencer family. He was the son of William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton and younger brother of Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland. It became extinct upon his suicide in 1694.

The second creation was for Sir Thomas Livingstone, Viscount Teviot, on 4 December 1696; he was at the same time created Lord Livingstone of Peebles. Lord William Douglas, son of the Duke of Queensberry) was created Earl of March and Viscount Peebles on 20 April 1697. Livingstone unsuccessfully protested and a second patent was issued on 19 June 1698, this time as Lord Livingstone of Hyndford. Both titles became extinct upon his death in 1711.

Robert Spencer, 1st Viscount Teviot
Robert Spencer, 1st Viscount Teviot (baptised 2 February 1629 – 20 May 1694), styled The Honourable Robert Spencer until 1685, was an English politician from the Spencer family who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1679.
John Balleny
John Balleny (c. 1770  – 1857) was the English captain of the sealing schooner Eliza Scott, who led an exploration cruise for the English whaling firm Samuel Enderby & Sons to the Antarctic in 1838–1839. During the expedition of 1838–1839, Balleny, sailing in company with Thomas Freeman and HMS Sabrina, sailed into the Southern Ocean along a corridor of longitude centering on the line of 175°E., south of New Zealand.

Samuel Enderby & Sons
Samuel Enderby & Sons was a whaling and sealing company based in London, England, founded circa 1775 by Samuel Enderby (1717–1797). The company was significant in the history of whaling in the United Kingdom, not least for encouraging their captains to combine exploration with their business activities, and sponsored several of the earliest expeditions to the subantarctic, Southern Ocean and Antarctica itself.