hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julian de Guzman
Julian Bobby de Guzman (born March 25, 1981) is a Canadian soccer executive and former professional player and coach who currently serves as the Head of Sport for the New York Red Bulls in Major League Soccer.

A midfielder, De Guzman was the first Canadian to play in La Liga. While playing in Spain, he was voted 2007–08 Deportivo La Coruña Player of the Year.

De Guzman has played at both the Canadian U-20 and Senior level, he was awarded the Canadian Player of the Year in 2008 and in 2007 became only the second Canadian international to be awarded the CONCACAF Gold Cup Most Valuable Player. He was the all-time cap leader of the Canada national team from November 2015, when he surpassed Paul Stalteri's previous record of 84 appearances, to November 2021, when Atiba Hutchinson surpassed De Guzman's final tally of 89 caps. From 2013 to 2016, he was captain of the Canadian men's national team.

Atiba Hutchinson
Atiba Hutchinson (born 8 February 1983) is a Canadian former professional soccer player. Considered a Canada soccer legend, with 104 international appearances in the span of 20 years, he is the Canadian national team's record cap holder.

Hutchinson rose to prominence at F.C. Copenhagen as the first North American to become Danish Superliga Player of the Year. That same season, he won the first of six Canadian Player of the Year awards. He had a fairly uneventful spell with PSV Eindhoven between 2010 and 2013 and then spent the next 10 years at Beşiktaş in Turkey, retiring with cult hero status.

In 2012, as part of the Canadian Soccer Association's centennial celebration, he was named to the all-time Canadian men's XI. He served as a leader and pioneer for Canada's golden generation at the latter stages of his career.
Protechnik
Protechnik was a front company established on 24 June 1987 by the South African Defence Force to perform quality assurance testing of chemical protective materials and equipment within a covert operation known as Project Coast.

Founded by Dr. Jan Lourens, a bio-engineering consultant at Roodeplaat Research Laboratories,  as Systems Research and Development (SRD), with funding provided by the Medical arm of the SADF. Protechnik's shareholders would include Medchem Consolidated Investments (MCI), WPW Investments (a firm belonging to Wouter Basson) the Luxembourg-based Charburn Enterprises. According to testimony provided in the Wouter Basson trial, Protechnik was involved in reverse engineering Chemical Agent Monitors.

The company is now a subsidiary of Armscor.

Roodeplaat Research Laboratories
Roodeplaat Research Laboratories (RRL) (Afrikaans: Roodeplaat Navorsings Laboratoriums) was a front company established in 1983 by the South African Defence Force to research, test and produce biological weapons within a covert operation known as Project Coast.

The Agricultural Research Council - Plant Protection Research Institute is now situated on this location.
ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship
The ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship is an international submission grappling competition, organised by the Abu Dhabi Combat Club (ADCC). ADCC is considered one of the most prestigious No-Gi submission grappling tournaments in the world, and is commonly referred to as The Olympics of Grappling.

The inaugural tournament was held in Abu Dhabi, UAE in 1998 and is held every two years. Host countries have included Brazil, China, Finland, Spain, the UK, and the US. Competitors can only participate after winning ADCC trials or by invitation.

Submission wrestling
Submission wrestling, also known as submission fighting and submission grappling or simply grappling, is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques. It is a hybrid discipline that incorporates elements of various martial arts such as various wrestling styles, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Submission wrestling is practiced both as a competitive sport and as a training method for self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).
Tigres de Cartagena
The Tigres de Cartagena (Cartagena Tigers) are a baseball team in the Colombian Professional Baseball League (LPB), playing in the Caribbean city of Cartagena de Indias. The team was founded in 1996 and plays at the Estadio Once de Noviembre. Its main rival is Caimanes, which plays in neighboring Barranquilla.

Several Colombian MLB players have played for Tigres, including Gio Urshela, Harold Ramírez, Meibrys Viloria, and brothers Jolbert and Orlando Cabrera. For a time, the team was managed by former MLB All-Star Bill Madlock.

In 2014, the team made history by winning the first international club title for Colombia, defeating Mexico's Brujos de Los Tuxtlas in the Latin American Series.

Caimanes de Barranquilla
The Caimanes de Barranquilla are a baseball team in the Colombian Professional Baseball League.  They have participated in the league since the 1984–85 season, playing in the 12,000-capacity Estadio Édgar Rentería in Barranquilla. Caimanes are the most successful team in Colombian baseball, having won 15 league titles, most recently during the 2025–26 season. They also won the 2022 Caribbean Series, making Colombia the first new country to win the tournament since Mexico's Naranjeros de Hermosillo won their first title in 1976.
Sheung Wan station
Sheung Wan is a station on the Island line of the Hong Kong MTR network. The station serves the neighbourhood of Sheung Wan and the western part of Central District. The livery colour of this station is khaki.

The station was originally planned in 1970 as WM but its construction was discontinued after further planning for the new lines. Upon the construction of the Island line, the station was finally constructed and opened on 23 May 1986. From its opening until the line's extension to Kennedy Town in 2014, Sheung Wan was the westbound terminus of the Island line.

Western Market
Western Market is also a former name for Plaza Miserere.

Western Market is one of the oldest structures in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The current structure, built in 1906, was the North Block of the original Western Market. It is the oldest surviving market building in the city. The former South Block was demolished in 1981 and its site is now occupied by the Sheung Wan Complex.
Singarigharutha
Singarigharutha was the traditional coronation ceremony of the king of the Ahom kingdom, a medieval kingdom in Assam. During the period of Ahom supremacy in Assam, the Singarigharutha ceremony had important constitutional significance. It was believed that even though an Ahom prince became king, he could not attain the status of full-fledged monarch until his Singarigharutha ceremony was completely performed. Therefore, each Ahom ruler after their accession to the throne tried to organize the ceremony as soon as possible. But it was not as easy since the ceremony was very expensive and there were records when some of the Ahom kings had to postpone it owing to emergency situations or due to financial crisis of the state.

Ahom dynasty
Ahom dynasty (1228–1826 A.D.) and (1833–1838 A.D.) ruled the Ahom Kingdom in present-day Assam, India for nearly 600 years. The dynasty was established by Sukaphaa, a Shan prince of Mong Mao (present-day Shan State, Myanmar) who came to Assam after crossing the Patkai mountains. The rule of this dynasty ended with the Burmese invasion of Assam and the subsequent annexation by the British East India Company following the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826.

In external medieval chronicles the kings of this dynasty were called Asam Raja, whereas the subjects of the kingdom called them Chaopha, or Swargadeo (in Assamese).
Glienicke Palace
Glienicke Palace (German: Schloss Glienicke) is a historic palace located on the peninsula of Berlin-Wannsee in Germany. It was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel around 1825 for Prince Carl of Prussia. Since 1990, Glienicke Palace and the park have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin" because of their unique contribution to Prussian landscape architecture.

Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin
Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (German: Schlösser und Gärten von Potsdam und Berlin) are a group of palace complexes and extended landscaped gardens located in the Havelland region around Potsdam and the German capital of Berlin. The term was used upon the designation of the cultural ensemble as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1990. It was recognized for the historic unity of its landscape—a unique example of landscape design against the background of monarchic ideas of the Prussian state and common efforts of emancipation.
Caribbean plate
The Caribbean plate is a mostly oceanic tectonic plate underlying Central America and the Caribbean Sea off the northern coast of South America.

Roughly 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles) in area, the Caribbean plate borders the North American plate, the South American plate, the Nazca plate and the Cocos plate. These borders are regions of intense seismic activity, including frequent earthquakes, occasional tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.
SK Group
SK Group (Korean: SK그룹; 에스케이그룹) is a South Korean multinational manufacturing and services conglomerate headquartered in Seoul. A chaebol (Korean family-owned conglomerate), SK Group is the second largest such conglomerate by revenue in South Korea, after Samsung Group. Through a number of subsidiaries, it is engaged in various businesses, including manufacture of AI semiconductors, flash memory, deep tech investment and miscellaneous information technology, chemicals and petrochemicals, as well as providing telecommunications services worldwide among its other less notable ventures.

The conglomerate is composed of 186 subsidiaries and affiliates that share the SK brand name and the group's management culture, named SKMS (SK Management System). It changed its name from Sunkyong Group (선경그룹; 鮮京그룹) to SK Group in 1998. The group is controlled by estate of Chey Tae-won through a holding company, SK Inc. The cornerstone of SK Group is its energy and chemicals division.

Chaebol
A chaebol (Korean: 재벌 [tɕɛbɔɭ] ⓘ) is a type of large industrial South Korean conglomerate run and controlled by an individual or family. A chaebol often consists of multiple diversified affiliates, controlled by a person or group. Several dozen large South Korean family-controlled corporate groups fall under this definition. The term first appeared in English text in 1972.

Chaebol have also played a significant role in South Korean politics. In 1988, a member of a chaebol family, Chung Mong-joon, president of Hyundai Heavy Industries, successfully ran for the National Assembly of South Korea. Other business leaders were also chosen to be members of the National Assembly through proportional representation. Hyundai has made efforts in the thawing of North Korean relations, despite some controversy. Many South Korean family-run chaebol have been criticised for low dividend payouts and other governance practices that favor controlling shareholders at the expense of ordinary investors.
Judas Maccabeus
Judas Maccabaeus or Maccabeus (/ˌmækəˈbiːəs/ MAK-ə-BEE-əs), also known as Judah Maccabee (Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, romanized: Yehudah HaMakabi), was a Jewish priest (kohen) and a son of the priest Mattathias. He was an early leader in the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire, taking over from his father around 166 BCE, and leading the revolt until his death in 160 BCE.

The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah ("Dedication") commemorates the restoration of Jewish worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 164 BC after Judah Maccabee removed all of the statues depicting Greek gods and goddesses and purified it.

Mattathias
Mattathias ben Johanan (Hebrew: מַתִּתְיָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בֶּן יוֹחָנָן, Mattīṯyāhū haKōhēn ben Yōḥānān; died 166–165 BCE) was a Kohen (Jewish priest) who helped spark the Maccabean Revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.  Mattathias's story is related in the deuterocanonical book of 1 Maccabees and in the writings of Josephus.  Mattathias is accorded a central role in the story of Hanukkah and, as a result, is named in the Al HaNissim prayer Jews add to the Birkat Hamazon (grace after meals) and the Amidah during the festival's eight days.
Commemorative coins of Ireland
Various commemorative coins denominated in Irish currency were issued until 2002, when the Irish pound (IEP/IR£) came to an end and was superseded by the euro. Since then there have been Irish commemorative coins denominated in euro.

Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Ireland)
This article covers euro gold and silver commemorative coins issued by the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland. It also covers rare cases of collectors coins (coins not planned for normal circulation) minted using other precious metals.  It does not cover either the Irish €2 commemorative coins or the Irish Pound commemorative coins.

For euro gold and silver commemorative coins of other countries see Euro gold and silver commemorative coins.
The Noid
The Noid is an advertising character for Domino's Pizza created in the 1980s by claymation artist Will Vinton, which has since been briefly revived several times. A mischievous rabbit-like creature in a skin-tight red bodysuit, he was portrayed as a perpetrator of many bizarre schemes designed to ruin the world's pizzas. Supposedly, only Domino's managed to, as the commercial's tagline went, "avoid the Noid". An odd hostage situation occurred when, on January 30th, 1989, a mentally unstable man named Kenneth Lamar Noid, believing the character was created to mock him, held a Domino's employee at gunpoint, demanding money, a getaway car, and a book. He was eventually arrested and charged, but the character remained in use until 1995, when Kenneth Noid killed himself in prison. The Noid has appeared in media only very sporadically since.

Will Vinton
William Gale Vinton (November 17, 1947 – October 4, 2018) was an American animator and filmmaker. Vinton was best known for his Claymation work, alongside creating iconic characters such as The California Raisins. He was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning once. He also accepted several Emmy and Clio Awards for his studio's work.
2023 NWSL Challenge Cup
The 2023 NWSL Challenge Cup, known as the 2023 UKG NWSL Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, was a league cup competition that took place during the 2023 National Women's Soccer League season. It was the fourth edition of the NWSL Challenge Cup tournament.

The 2023 NWSL Challenge Cup was the first time the NWSL Challenge Cup was played concurrently with the regular season, bringing it in line with most other league cup competitions worldwide. It was also the first edition under a multi-year sponsorship with UKG, which increased the pool of prize money to $1 million toward a goal of achieving equal compensation when compared to men's leagues and open cup competitions in the United States.

The North Carolina Courage defeated the Racing Louisville FC 2–0 in the final.

2023 National Women's Soccer League season
The 2023 National Women's Soccer League season was the eleventh season of the National Women's Soccer League, the top division of women's soccer in the United States. Including the NWSL's two professional predecessors, Women's Professional Soccer (2009–2011) and the Women's United Soccer Association (2001–2003), it was the 17th overall season of FIFA and USSF-sanctioned top division women's soccer in the United States. Twelve teams compete in the league.

The NWSL regular season, comprising 22 games for each team, began on March 25 and ended on October 15, 2023. The playoffs followed from October 22 and ended with the championship match on November 11. For the first time, the NWSL Challenge Cup ran entirely concurrent with the regular season from April to September 9, 2023. NJ/NY Gotham FC won their first league championship by defeating OL Reign in the NWSL Championship at Snapdragon Stadium in San Diego, California.
Nepenthes viridis
Nepenthes viridis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. It is known only from coastal areas at low altitude and has been recorded from Dinagat, Samar, and a number of surrounding islets. It is closely allied to the N. alata group of species.

The specific epithet viridis is Latin for "green" and refers to the plant's typical yellowish-green pitcher colouration, which is maintained irrespective of sun exposure.

Nepenthes alata
Nepenthes alata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz əˈlɑːtə/; from Latin alatus "winged") is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. Like all pitcher plants, it is carnivorous and uses its nectar to attract insects that drown in the pitcher and are digested by the plant. It is highly polymorphic, and its taxonomy continues to be subject to revisions.
Levi Yitzchak Horowitz
Levi Yitzchak HaLevi Horowitz (3 July 1921, Boston, 5 December 2009, Jerusalem) was a rabbi and the second rebbe of the Boston Hasidic Dynasty founded by his father, Pinchos Dovid Horowitz. He was the first American-born Hasidic rebbe and the founder of ROFEH International, a community-based medical referral and hospitality liaison support agency.

Pinchas David Horowitz
Rabbi Pinchas David Horowitz (Hebrew: פינחס דוד הורוביץ; July 15, 1877 or 1876 - November 28, 1941) was a Hasidic rebbe and the founder of the Boston Hasidic dynasty, one of the first Hasidic courts in America.
Entity linking
In natural language processing, entity linking, also referred to as named-entity disambiguation (NED),  named-entity recognition and disambiguation (NERD), named-entity normalization (NEN), or concept recognition, is the task of assigning a unique identity to entities (such as famous individuals, locations, or companies) mentioned in text. For example, given the sentence "Paris is the capital of France", the main idea is to first identify "Paris" and "France"  as named entities, and then to determine that "Paris" refers to the city of Paris and not to Paris Hilton or any other entity that could be referred to as "Paris" and "France" to the French country.

The entity linking task is composed of 3 subtasks.

Named-entity recognition: Extraction of named entities from a text.

Candidate generation: For each named entity, select possible candidates from a knowledge base (e.g. Wikipedia, Wikidata, DBPedia, ...).

Disambiguation: Choose the correct entity from this set of candidates.

Named-entity recognition
Named-entity recognition (NER) (also known as (named) entity identification, entity chunking, and entity extraction) is a subtask of information extraction that seeks to locate and classify named entities mentioned in unstructured text into pre-defined categories such as person names (PER), organizations (ORG), locations (LOC), geopolitical entities (GPE), vehicles (VEH), medical codes, time expressions, quantities, monetary values, percentages, etc.

Most research on NER/NEE systems has been structured as taking an unannotated block of text, such as transducing:

Jim bought 300 shares of Acme Corp. in 2006.

into an annotated block of text that highlights the names of entities:

[Jim]Person bought 300 shares of [Acme Corp.]Organization in [2006]Time.

In this example, a person name consisting of one token, a two-token company name and a temporal expression have been detected and classified.
Dominika Kulczyk
Dominika Kulczyk (born 30 July 1977) is a Polish billionaire businesswoman, and the daughter of Jan Kulczyk, who was Poland's richest man. She is the co-founder and president of the Kulczyk Foundation, chair of the supervisory board of Kulczyk Holding, chair of the supervisory board of Polenergia SA, and co-founder of the Values Consulting Group. She is the author of a TV series, the Domino Effect. As of August 2022, her net worth was estimated at US$1.9 billion.

Jan Kulczyk
Jan Jerzy Kulczyk (24 June 1950 – 29 July 2015) was a Polish billionaire businessman. He was the founder and owner of Kulczyk Holding (headquartered in Warsaw) and an international investment house Kulczyk Investments (former name: Kulczyk Investment House) with headquarters in Luxembourg and offices in London and Kyiv, Ukraine. According to Forbes, Kulczyk was the richest Pole at the time of his death.
Wushu stances
Stances are a highly fundamental part of all Chinese martial arts. Wushu is characterized by low, wide stances designed for mobility and protection. Stability is another key concern of Chinese martial arts, and the wushu stances reflect this sensibility. There are five key stances utilized in both contemporary wushu and traditional wushu. Many others exist, and different styles of wushu prescribe a particular protocol for "correct" stance.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.