hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jisr Jindas
Jisr Jindas, Arabic for "Jindas Bridge", also known as Baybars Bridge, was built in 1273 CE.  It crosses a small wadi, known in Hebrew as the Ayalon River, on the old road leading south to Lod and Ramla. The bridge is named after the historic village of Jindas, which stood east of the bridge. It is the most famous of the several bridges erected by Sultan Baybars in Palestine, which include the Yibna and the Isdud bridges.

Yibna Bridge
The Yibna Bridge (Hebrew: גשר יבנה, Arabic: جسر يبنا) or Nahr Rubin Bridge is a Mamluk arch bridge near Yibna, which crosses the Nahal Sorek (formerly known as Nahr Rubin, or Wadi al-Tahuna). It was previously used by Route 410 to Rehovot, and was known as the Jumping Bridge (הגשר הקופץ) due to a bump in the middle of the bridge which caused cars to jump if speeding. It is now a part of a recreation ground, next to a new bridge carrying the Route 410.
Samuel Sachs
Samuel Sachs (/zɑːks/ ZOX; July 28, 1851 – March 2, 1935) was an American investment banker. He is most known for co-founding Goldman Sachs along with Marcus Goldman. He is noted for changing the nature of merchant banking by underwriting of the stock issuance to raise funds for new corporate entities (i.e., initial public offering).

Marcus Goldman
Marcus Goldman (born Marcus Goldmann; December 9, 1821 – July 20, 1904) was a German American investment banker, businessman, and financier. He was the founder of Goldman Sachs, which has since become one of the world's largest investment banks.
Bubsy II
Bubsy II is a platform video game, the sequel to Bubsy in Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind, and the second game in the Bubsy series. It was originally released by Accolade in 1994 for the Sega Genesis, Super NES, and Game Boy. The Super NES version was re-released for Windows as part of Bubsy Two-Fur on December 17, 2015, while all three versions were re-released as part of Bubsy in: The Purrfect Collection in 2025.

Bubsy in Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind
Bubsy in: Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind, often shortened to Bubsy, is a 1993 platform game developed and published by Accolade for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. A port to the Sega Genesis was released months later. It is the first entry in the Bubsy series of video games. The game's title is a play on words in reference to the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind, with the game revolving around Bubsy defending the planet's supply of yarn balls from alien invaders.

The game was ported to Windows in 1997 under the title Super Bubsy. A sequel, Bubsy II, was released in 1994.
Pennsylvania Governor's School for the Arts
The Pennsylvania Governor's School for the Arts (PGSA) was one of the Pennsylvania Governor's Schools of Excellence, a group of five-week summer academies for gifted high school students in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The school was hosted each summer first by Bucknell University, then by Mercyhurst College.

PGSA was defunded by Pennsylvania's 2009–2010 state budget.

Pennsylvania Governor's Schools of Excellence
The Pennsylvania Governor's Schools of Excellence (PGSE) are five-week, publicly funded summer program for gifted high school students.

Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell cut funding for the PGSE program in the state's 2009-2010 budget.  Five of the programs have been privately revived and are functioning members of the National Conference of Governor's Schools as of 2014.
Organ Rock Formation
The Organ Rock Formation or Organ Rock Shale is a formation within the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian Cutler Group and is deposited across southeastern Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and northeastern Arizona. This formation notably outcrops around Canyonlands National Park, Natural Bridges National Monument, and Monument Valley of northeast Arizona, southern Utah. The age of the Organ Rock is constrained to the latter half of the Cisuralian epoch by age dates from overlying and underlying formations.  Important early terrestrial vertebrate fossils have been recovered from this formation in northern Arizona, southern Utah, and northern New Mexico. These include the iconic Permian terrestrial fauna: Seymouria, Diadectes, Ophiacodon, and Dimetrodon. The fossil assemblage present suggests arid environmental conditions. This is corroborated with paleoclimate data indicative of global drying throughout the early Permian.

Cutler Formation
The Cutler Formation or Cutler Group is a stratigraphic unit exposed across the U.S. states of Arizona, northwest New Mexico, southeast Utah and southwest Colorado. It was laid down in the Early Permian during the Wolfcampian epoch.
Paul Egede
Paul or Poul Hansen Egede (9 September 1708 – 6 June 1789) was a Dano-Norwegian theologian, missionary, and scholar who was principally concerned with the Lutheran mission among the Kalaallit people in Greenland that had been established by his father, Hans, in 1721.

Hans Egede
Hans Poulsen Egede (31 January 1686 – 5 November 1758) was a Norwegian Lutheran priest and missionary who launched mission efforts to Greenland, which led him to be styled the Apostle of Greenland. He established a successful mission among the Inuit and is credited with revitalizing Danish-Norwegian interest in the island after contact had been broken for about 300 years. He founded Greenland's capital Godthåb, now known as Nuuk.
US Sabot
The US Sabot is an American pram sailboat that was designed by Charles McGregor as a one-design racer and first built in 1939.

The design is a development of McGregor's Sabot, based upon the plans published in The Rudder magazine in 1939. The basic Sabot design has been widely adapted and other derivations include the leeboard-equipped Naples Sabot, as well as the daggerboard-equipped El Toro, Wind'ard Sabot and the Australian Holdfast Trainer.

Sabot (dinghy)
The Sabot is a type of sailing dinghy that is sailed and raced singlehandedly usually by young sailors in various parts of the world.

The boat is suitable for amateur production.  Early models were usually made from plywood. More recent models have been made from fiberglass. Variations on the design include the daggerboard-equipped El Toro from the Richmond Yacht Club in San Francisco Bay Area, the US Sabot, the "Naples Sabot" from Naples community of Long Beach, California, as well as Australian varieties, such as the Holdfast Trainer.
Braised pork rice
Braised pork rice (Taiwanese: khòng-bah-pn̄g, Chinese: 焢肉飯, 爌肉飯) is a gaifan dish found in Fujianese cuisine and Taiwanese cuisine. Although subject to regional variations, dishes are typically made of pork belly cooked in a process known as lǔ 滷 (boiled and marinated in soy sauce and sugar) and served on top of rice. Chinese pickles are often eaten with the dish.

Braised pork belly likely originated from Quanzhou, China, and was brought to Taiwan by immigrants during the Qing Dynasty. Along with the similar ló͘-bah-pn̄g (minced pork rice), khong bah png gradually became an integral part of Taiwanese xiaochi culture, commonly found at food stalls or bento stores. Similar dishes can be found within Hakka cuisine, Singaporean, and Malaysian cuisine. Braised pork rice is one of the most notable Taiwanese foods. Braised pork rice is a popular comfort food in Taiwan, with many street vendors and night markets offering their own secret recipes and variations.

Ló͘-bah-pn̄g
Ló͘-bah-pn̄g (Taiwanese: ló͘-bah-pn̄g), also called bah-sò-pn̄g in southern Taiwan, or translated to minced pork rice in English, is a rice dish that is commonly seen throughout Taiwan and Southern Fujian, China. The flavor may vary from one region to another, but the basic ingredients remain the same: ground pork marinated and boiled in soy sauce served on top of steamed rice. It is a type of gaifan dish.
1st Marine Infantry Regiment
The 1st Marine Infantry Regiment (French: 1er régiment d'infanterie de marine, 1er RIMa) is a French regiment heir of the colonial infantry. The regiment is one of the quatre vieux regiments of the Troupes de Marine, with the 2nd Marine Infantry Regiment 2e RIMa, the 3rd Marine Infantry Regiment 3e RIMa, as well the 4th Marine Infantry Regiment 4e RIMa (dissolved in 1998). Along with the 1st Marine Artillery Regiment 1er RAMa and the 2nd Marine Artillery Regiment 2e RAMa, the 1st Marine formed the Blue Division. The 1er RIMa is a light armoured unit, since 1986, alike with the régiment d'infanterie-chars de marine RICM.

2nd Marine Infantry Regiment
The 2nd Marine Infantry Regiment (French: 2e Régiment d'Infanterie de Marine, 2e RIMa) is an infantry regiment of the Troupes de marine in the French Army, the only regiment to bear 16 battle honours inscriptions of the regimental colors. The regiment is one of the "quatre vieux" regiments of the Troupes de marine, with the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment 1er RIMa, the 3rd Marine Infantry Regiment 3e RIMa and the 4th Marine Infantry Regiment 4e RIMa (dissolved in 1998); also, alongside the 1st Marine Artillery Regiment 1er RAMa as well as the 2nd Marine Artillery Regiment 2e RAMa which formed the Blue Division.
Long-tailed weasel
The long-tailed weasel (Neogale frenata), also known as the bridled weasel, masked ermine, or big stoat, is a species of weasel found in North, Central, and South America. It is distinct from the short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea), also known as a "stoat", a close relation in the genus Mustela that originated in Eurasia and crossed into North America some half million years ago; the two species are visually similar, having long, slender bodies and tails with short legs and a black tail tip.

Long-tailed weasels exhibit scale-dependent patterns of habitat selection, favoring forest patches, fencerows, and drainage ditches while avoiding agricultural fields. They typically make their habitats in forests and underground in burrows of other small mammals.

Stoat
The stoat (Mustela erminea), also known as the Eurasian ermine or ermine, is a species of mustelid native to Eurasia and the northern regions of North America. Because of its wide circumpolar distribution, it is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. The name ermine (/ˈɜːrmɪn/) is used especially in its pure white winter coat of the stoat or its fur. Ermine fur was used in the 15th century by Catholic monarchs, who sometimes used it as the mozzetta cape. It has long been used on the ceremonial robes of members of the United Kingdom House of Lords. It was also used in capes on images such as the Infant Jesus of Prague.

The stoat was introduced into New Zealand in the late 19th century to control rabbits. However, they have had a devastating effect on native bird populations; as such, the species was nominated as one of the world's top 100 "worst invaders".
Bernard Berenson
Bernard Berenson (June 26, 1865 – October 6, 1959) was an American art historian specializing in the Renaissance. His book The Drawings of the Florentine Painters was an international success. His wife Mary is thought to have had a large hand in some of the writings.

Berenson was a major figure in the attribution of Old Masters, at a time when these were attracting new interest by American collectors, and his judgments were widely respected in the art world.

Mary Berenson
Mary Berenson (born Mary Whitall Smith; 1864 in Pennsylvania – 1945 in Italy) was an American art historian, now thought to have had a large hand in some of the writings of her second husband, Bernard Berenson.
2022 Rhode Island House of Representatives election
The 2022 Rhode Island House of Representatives elections took place on November 8, 2022. Primary elections were held on September 13, 2022. Rhode Island voters elected state representatives in all 75 seats of the House of Representatives to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Rhode Island state elections, including U.S. House, Governor, and Rhode Island Senate. 
Since the previous election in 2020, Democrats held a 65-to-10-seat supermajority over Republicans. Democrats maintained the supermajority in 2022, winning 65 seats. Republicans decreased to nine seats while Jon D. Brien was the sole Independent elected.

These were the first elections in Rhode Island following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, which resulted in redrawn legislative district boundaries.

2022 Rhode Island Senate election
The 2022 Rhode Island State Senate elections took place on November 8, 2022. Primary elections were held on September 13, 2022. Rhode Island voters elected state senators in all 38 seats of the Senate. State senators serve two-year terms in the Rhode Island Senate.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Rhode Island state elections, including U.S. House, Governor, and Rhode Island House. 
Since the previous election in 2020, Democrats held a 33-to-5-seat supermajority over Republicans. Democrats maintained the same supermajority in 2022, winning 33 seats.

These were the first elections in Rhode Island following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, which resulted in redrawn legislative district boundaries.
Sucre Department
Sucre (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsukɾe]) is a department in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. The department ranks 27th by area, 10,670 km2 (4,120 sq mi) and it has a population of 904,863, ranking 20th of all the 32 departments of Colombia. Sucre is bordered by the Caribbean on the northwest; by Bolívar Department on the east and by Córdoba Department on the west.

Sucre was named in honor of the Independence hero Antonio José de Sucre who was quoted by the founders of this department in reference to Simón Bolívar's death as saying "They have killed my heart", expression said while cruising the territory of the present day Sucre Department.

As of 2009, the Sucre Department has an estimated population of 802,733, of which 234,886 are in the department capital Sincelejo, according to the DANE projections.

Bolívar Department
Bolívar (Spanish pronunciation: [boˈliβaɾ]) is a department of Colombia. It was named after one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia. It is located to the north of the country, extending roughly north–south from the Caribbean coast at Cartagena near the mouth of the Magdalena River, then south along the river to a border with Antioquia Department. The departments of Sucre and Córdoba are located to the west, and Atlántico Department to the north and east (most of the border formed by the Canal del Dique). Across the Magdalena River to the east is Magdalena Department. The flag of the department bears a resemblance to the flag of Lithuania.

Its capital is Cartagena de Indias. Other important cities include Magangué, El Carmen de Bolívar and Turbaco.
Landed gentry in China
The gentry, or landed gentry in China was the elite who held privileged status through passing the Imperial exams, which made them eligible to hold office.  These literati, or scholar-officials, (shenshi 紳士 or jinshen 縉紳), also called 士紳 shishen "scholar gentry" or 鄉紳 xiangshen "local gentry", held a virtual monopoly on office holding, and overlapped with an unofficial elite of the wealthy. The Tang and  Song dynasties expanded the civil service exam to replace the nine-rank system which favored hereditary and largely military aristocrats. As a social class they included retired mandarins or their families and descendants. Owning land was often their way of preserving wealth.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
Jackson Vroman
Jackson Brett Vroman (June 6, 1981 – June 29, 2015) was an American-born Lebanese professional basketball player who starred at Iowa State University. Mr. Vroman was naturalized as a Lebanese citizen to play for the Lebanon national basketball team, replacing the other naturalized American Lebanese player, Joe Vogel. He is the son of former NBA player Brett Vroman, who played briefly for the Utah Jazz in the 1980–81 NBA season.

Brett Vroman
Brett Grant Vroman (born December 25, 1955) is an American former professional basketball player. A 7'0" 220 lb center, he played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins and UNLV Runnin' Rebels. His professional career included a brief stint with the NBA's Utah Jazz and 12 years playing in Europe.

Vroman was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers with the 21st pick in the fourth round of the 1978 NBA draft but never made the team.  On July 27, 1980, he signed as a free agent with the Utah Jazz for whom he played 11 games in 1980–81, averaging 3.1 points, 2.3 rebounds and 0.8 assist per game.
After ending his NBA career, he played in Europe, mostly in Italy.

He is the father of the late Jackson Vroman, who was selected by the Chicago Bulls in the 2004 NBA draft and played with the Phoenix Suns and the New Orleans Hornets / New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets from 2004 to 2006.
Lieutenant general (Australia)
Lieutenant general (abbreviated LTGEN and pronounced 'lef-tenant general') is the second-highest active rank of the Australian Army. It was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general, and is considered a three-star rank.

The rank of lieutenant general is held by the Chief of Army. The rank is also held when an army officer is the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, or the Chief of Joint Capabilities. The Chief of Capability Development Group, disestablished in 2016, also carried three-star rank.

Lieutenant general is a higher rank than major general, but lower than general. Lieutenant general is the equivalent of vice admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force. The insignia for a lieutenant general is the Crown of St Edward above a crossed sword and baton.

Chief of Army (Australia)
The Chief of Army is the most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to both the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary, Department of Defence (SECDEF). The rank associated with the position is lieutenant general (3-star).

Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, the incumbent Chief of Army, has held the post since 2 July 2022.
Haidenaab
The Haidenaab (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪdənaːp]) is the right and western headstream of the River Naab in the Upper Palatinate  in the south German state of Bavaria. At its confluence with the Waldnaab near Luhe-Wildenau, the Naab is formed.

Naab
The Naab (German pronunciation: [naːp] ⓘ; Czech: Nába) is a river in Bavaria, Germany.

This 97.5 kilometer long river is a left tributary of the Danube. Its average discharge at the mouth is 49 m3/s (1,700 cu ft/s).

The Naab is formed by the confluence of the Waldnaab and the Haidenaab in Luhe-Wildenau, south of Weiden in der Oberpfalz. It flows generally south, through the towns Nabburg, Schwandorf and Burglengenfeld. It flows into the Danube near Regensburg.
Yellow Wolf (Comanche)
Yellow Wolf (Comanche: Isa-viah, spelled also “Sa-viah” and sometimes misspelled as “Sabaheit”, “Little Wolf”; born c. 1800 or 1805 — died 1854) was a War Chief of the Penateka division of the Comanche Indians. He came to prominence after the Council House Fight, when Buffalo Hump called the Comanches and, along with Yellow Wolf and Santa Anna, led them in the Great Raid of 1840.  He was Spirit Talker (Mukwooru)'s nephew and Buffalo Hump (Potsʉnakwahipʉ "Buffalo Bull's Back")'s cousin and best support.

Mukwooru
Mukwoorʉ (based on Comanche: mukua, lit. 'Spirit') (Spirit Talker) (died (1840-03-19)March 19, 1840) was a 19th-century Penateka Comanche Chief and medicine man in Central Texas. His nephews were the two cousins Buffalo Hump and Yellow Wolf, both very important Penateka war chiefs during the 1840s and 1850s.
Covenant (biblical)
The Hebrew Bible makes reference to a number of covenants (Hebrew: בְּרִיתוֹת) with God (YHWH). These include the Noahic Covenant set out in Genesis 9, which is decreed between God and all living creatures, as well as a number of more specific covenants with Abraham, the whole Israelite people, the Israelite priesthood, and the Davidic lineage of kings. In form and terminology, these covenants echo the kinds of treaty agreements existing in the surrounding ancient world.

The Book of Jeremiah, verses 31:30–33 says that YHWH will establish a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah. Most Christians believe this New Covenant is the "replacement" or "final fulfilment" of the Old Covenant described in the Old Testament and as applying to the People of God, while some believe both covenants are still applicable in a dual-covenant theology.

Mosaic covenant
Abrahamic religions believe in the Mosaic covenant (named after Moses), also known as the Sinaitic covenant (after the biblical Mount Sinai), which refers to a covenant between the Israelite tribes and God, including their proselytes, not limited to the ten commandments, nor the event when they were given, but including the entirety of laws that their patriarch Moses delivered from God in the five books of Torah.

According to the biblical narrative, the Book of the Covenant, recording all the commands of the LORD, was written by Moses in the desert and read to the people, and to seal the covenant, the blood of sacrificial oxen was then sprinkled, half on an altar and half on the people.
Heterodiamond
Heterodiamond is a superhard material containing boron, carbon, and nitrogen  (BCN). It is formed at high temperatures and high pressures, e.g., by application of an explosive shock wave to a mixture of diamond and cubic boron nitride (c-BN). The heterodiamond is a polycrystalline material coagulated with nano-crystallites and the fine powder is tinged with deep bluish black. The heterodiamond has both the high hardness of diamond and the excellent heat resistance of cubic BN. These characteristic properties are due to the diamond structure combined with the sp3 σ-bonds among carbon and the heteroatoms.

Cubic BC2N can be synthesized from graphite-like BC2N at pressures above 18 GPa and temperatures higher than 2,200 K (1,930 °C). The bulk modulus of c-BC2N is 282 GPa which is one of the highest bulk moduli known for any solid, and is exceeded only by the bulk moduli of diamond and c-BN. The hardness of c-BC2N is higher than that of c-BN single crystals.

Boron nitride
Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN. It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice. The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products. The cubic (zincblende aka sphalerite structure) variety analogous to diamond is called c-BN; it is softer than diamond, but its thermal and chemical stability is superior.

Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and metal casting. Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology.