hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Junkers W 33
The Junkers W 33 was a German 1920s single-engine low-wing monoplane transport aircraft that followed Junkers standard practice making extensive use of corrugated aluminium alloy over an aluminium alloy tube frame, that was developed from the similar but slightly smaller Junkers F 13, and evolved into the similar W 34. One example, named Bremen, was the first aircraft to complete the much more difficult east–west non-stop heavier-than-air crossing of the Atlantic.

Junkers W 34
The Junkers W 34 was a German-built, single-engine, passenger and transport aircraft. Developed in the 1920s, it was taken into service in 1926. The passenger version could take a pilot and five passengers.

The aircraft was developed from the Junkers W 33, noted for being a record-breaking aircraft. Further development led to the Junkers Ju 46, a catapult-launched seaplane for naval use.
Yorba Linda, California
Yorba Linda (/ˈjɔːrbə ˈlɪndə/, YOR-buh LIN-duh) is a suburban city in northeastern Orange County, California, United States, with the city hall approximately 27 miles (43 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and had a population of 68,336 at the 2020 census.

Yorba Linda is known for its connection to Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States. His birthplace is a National Historic Landmark, and his presidential library and museum are also located in the city.

Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and burial site of Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th president of the United States (1969–1974), and his wife Pat Nixon.

Located in Yorba Linda, California, on land that Nixon's family once owned, the library is one of 13 administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The 9-acre (3.6 ha) campus is located at 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard and incorporates the Richard Nixon Birthplace, a National Historic Landmark where Nixon was born in 1913 and spent his childhood.

From its dedication on July 19, 1990, until July 11, 2007, the library and museum was operated by the private Richard Nixon Foundation and was known as the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace. The facility underwent an extensive renovation in 2016 and now features updated, multimedia museum exhibits. The complex is jointly operated by NARA and the Richard Nixon Foundation.
New Parliament Building, Zimbabwe
New Parliament Building is the seat of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Mount Hampden, Zimbabwe, built to replace the old Parliament House in Harare. The parliamentary chambers within the high-rise building can accommodate up to 650 legislators, their offices, conference rooms and meeting spaces. The engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract was awarded to Shanghai Construction Group, who erected the building between December 2018 and April 2022.

Parliament House, Harare
Parliament House in Harare is a former legislative building which was active for 124 years, acting as the base of the Legislative Assembly of Rhodesia, the Parliament of Rhodesia and finally the Parliament of Zimbabwe. In November 2023, the Parliament of Zimbabwe relocated to the New Zimbabwe Parliament Building in Mount Hampden.
SM UC-54
SM UC-54 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 20 March 1917. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 10 May 1917 as SM UC-54. In eight patrols UC-54 was credited with sinking 18 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-54 was scuttled at Trieste on 28 October 1918 on the surrender of Austria-Hungary.

Type UC II submarine
The Type UC II submarine was a class of coastal minelaying U-boats designed and built for the Imperial German Navy during World War I. They were a significant improvement over the preceding Type UC I in armament, range and seaking abilities. Construction began in 1915 and by mid-1917 64 Type UC II had been delivered by five shipyards in ten different batches, which had variations in dimensions and performance. By the end of the war, 46 Type UC II were lost. The Type UC II was a very successful design combining torpedo, deck gun and mine armament with a sufficient performance and range to operate around Great Britain. A succeeding Type UC III was ordered and built in large numbers but came too late to see service in World War I.
Enumerations of specific permutation classes
In the study of permutation patterns, there has been considerable interest in enumerating specific permutation classes, especially those with relatively few basis elements. This area of study has turned up unexpected instances of Wilf equivalence, where two seemingly-unrelated permutation classes have the same number of permutations of each length.

Wilf equivalence
In the study of permutations and permutation patterns, Wilf equivalence is an equivalence relation on permutation classes.
Two permutation classes are Wilf equivalent when they have the same numbers of permutations of each possible length, or equivalently if they have the same generating functions. The equivalence classes for Wilf equivalence are called Wilf classes; they are the combinatorial classes of permutation classes. The counting functions and Wilf equivalences among many specific permutation classes are known.

Wilf equivalence may also be described for individual permutations rather than permutation classes. In this context, two permutations are said to be Wilf equivalent if the principal permutation classes formed by forbidding them are Wilf equivalent.
Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, the most cited of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese. This cladogram was later expanded by Rappé and Giovanoni in 2003 to include newly discovered phyla. Clear names are added in parentheses, see list of bacterial phyla.

Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese.

The branching order proposed by Carl Woese was based on molecular phylogeny, which was considered revolutionary as all preceding models were based on discussions of morphology.  (v. Monera). Several models have been proposed since and no consensus is reached at present as to the branching order of the major bacterial lineages.

The gene used was the 16S ribosomal DNA.
2024 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 2024 NCAA Division I baseball tournament was the 77th edition of the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship, won by Tennessee in a closely contested final series with Texas A&M. The 64-team tournament began on Friday, May 31, as part of the 2024 NCAA Division I baseball season and ended with the 2024 Men's College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska, which began on June 14 and ended on June 24.

The 64 participating NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected from an eligible 300 teams. 30 teams were awarded automatic bids as champions of their conferences, and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee. Teams were then divided into sixteen regionals of four teams, each of which was conducted via a double-elimination tournament. Regional champions advanced to face each other in Super Regionals, a best-of-three-game series, to determine the eight participants in the Men's College World Series.

2024 Men's College World Series
The 2024 NCAA Men's College World Series was the final stage of the 2024 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. It was scheduled from June 14 through 24 at Charles Schwab Field Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska. This marked the 77th edition of the College World Series and 74th time the event was held in Omaha.

The tournament featured eight teams in two double elimination brackets with the two winners meeting in a best-of-three championship series. With the advancement of Texas A&M and Tennessee to the championship series, a school was assured of winning its first ever College World Series championship, making this the first time a College World Series between two teams with no baseball championships since 2014; of the two, only Tennessee appeared in the championship final, doing so in 1951. The championship final saw Tennessee win its first national championship in program history after losing the first game to Texas A&M and then winning the second and third games.
Joy Bangla
Joy Bangla or Jai Bangla  (Bengali: জয় বাংলা [dʒɔj ˈbaŋla]), is a slogan and was a war cry used in Bangladesh and in the Indian state of West Bengal to indicate nationalism towards the geopolitical, cultural and historical region of Bengal and Bangamata (also known as Bangla Maa or Mother Bengal). It translates roughly to "Victory to Bengal" or "Hail Bengal".

Bengali nationalism
Bengali nationalism is a form of ethnic nationalism that focuses on Bengalis as a single ethnicity by rejecting imposition of other languages and cultures while promoting its own in Bengal. Bengalis speak the Bengali language and mostly live across Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam (Barak Valley). Bengali nationalism is one of the four fundamental principles according to the Constitution of Bangladesh and was the main driving force behind the creation of the independent nation state of Bangladesh through the 1971 liberation war. Bengali Muslims make up the majority (90%) of Bangladesh's citizens (Bangladeshis), and are the largest minority in the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal, whereas Bengali Hindus make up the majority of India's citizens (Indians) in Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, and are the largest minority in the Indian states of Assam and Jharkhand and the independent state of Bangladesh (8%).
Chartreuse (color)
Chartreuse (US: /ʃɑːrˈtruːz, -ˈtruːs/ ⓘ, UK: /-ˈtrɜːz/, French: [ʃaʁtʁøz] ⓘ) is a color between yellow and green also referred to as yellow-green or greenish yellow. It was named because of its resemblance to the French liqueur green chartreuse, introduced in 1764. Similarly, chartreuse yellow is a yellow color mixed with a small amount of green, named after the drink yellow chartreuse. The wavelength and frequency of chartreuse is near 547.5 nm or 547.5 THz.

During the 2000s, yellow-green, as well as other shades of bright green like lime green, became very popular when various tech companies used it in office decor and other products, and with the popularity and success of the Shrek franchise.

Lime (color)
Lime is a color that is a shade of yellow-green, so named because it is a representation of the color of the citrus fruit lime. It is the color that is in between the web color chartreuse and yellow on the color wheel. Alternate names for this color included yellow-green, lemon-lime, lime green, or bitter lime.

The first recorded use of lime green as a color name in English was in 1890.

Lime (color hex code #C0FF00) is a pure spectral color at approximately 564 nanometers on the visible spectrum when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram.
Shelby Chong
Shelby Chong (née Fiddis; born February 1, 1948) is an American comedian, actress and producer who was the executive producer of Best Buds (2003) and the associate producer of four Cheech & Chong films. She is married to the comedian and actor Tommy Chong.

Tommy Chong
Thomas Bing Kin Chong (born May 24, 1938) is a Canadian comedian, actor, musician and activist. He is known for his role/inspiration in the marijuana industry, his marijuana-themed Cheech & Chong comedy albums and movies with Cheech Marin, and playing the character Leo on Fox's That '70s Show. He became a naturalized United States citizen in the late 1980s.
Rambler Football Club
The Rambler Football Club, nicknamed the Roosters, is an Australian rules football club that plays in the River Murray Football League and is one of two teams based in Murray Bridge, South Australia, the other being the Imperial Football Club.

Imperial Football Club
The Imperial Football Club, nicknamed the Blues, is an Australian rules football club in Murray Bridge, South Australia. It is one of nine clubs that compete in the River Murray Football League (RMFL). Its colours consist of navy and light blues with a white IFC logo.
Bradford & Bingley
Bradford & Bingley plc was a British bank with headquarters in the West Yorkshire town of Bingley.

The bank was formed in December 2000 by demutualisation of the Bradford & Bingley Building Society following a vote of the building society's members, who swapped their nominal share of the building society for at least 250 shares of the newly formed bank.

In 2008, partly due to the subprime mortgage crisis, the bank was nationalised and in effect split into two parts; the mortgage book and investment portfolios remained with the now publicly owned Bradford & Bingley plc, and the deposits and branch network (and a licence to use the B&B name for those aspects) was sold to Abbey National, itself owned by the Spanish Santander Group. The branch network was rebranded Santander on 11 January 2010 and the Bradford & Bingley name mainly relates to the nationalised section of the bank. From 2010, the brand has been used under licence for insurance products by BGL Group.

Abbey National
The Abbey National Building Society was formed in 1944 by the merger of the Abbey Road and the National building societies.

It was the first building society in the United Kingdom to demutualise, doing so in July 1989. The bank expanded through a number of acquisitions in the 1990s, including James Hay, Scottish Mutual, Scottish Provident and the rail leasing company Porterbrook. Abbey National launched an online bank, Cahoot, in June 2000.

In September 2003, the bank rebranded as Abbey, and in November 2004, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Santander Group, with a rebrand following in February 2005. In January 2010, the savings business of Bradford & Bingley was combined with the bank, and Abbey National plc was renamed Santander UK plc. Prior to the takeover, Abbey National plc was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Battlefield Vietnam
Battlefield Vietnam is a 2004 first-person shooter game developed by Digital Illusions Canada and published by Electronic Arts for Microsoft Windows. It is the second installment of the Battlefield franchise, coming after Battlefield 1942. Battlefield Vietnam takes place during the Vietnam War and features a large variety of maps based on historical settings, such as the Ho Chi Minh Trail, Battle of Huế, Ia Drang Valley, Operation Flaming Dart, the Battle of Khe Sanh and Fall of Saigon. On 15 March 2005, EA re-released the game as Battlefield Vietnam: Redux, which includes new vehicles, maps and an EA-produced World War II mod, based on the previous installment Battlefield 1942.

Battlefield (video game series)
Battlefield is a military first-person shooter video game franchise developed by Battlefield Studios, primarily led by Swedish company DICE, and published by American company Electronic Arts. The series mainly focuses on online multiplayer, with gameplay taking place across large maps, and emphasizes teamwork and combined arms warfare.

The first installment of the franchise, Battlefield 1942, was released for Microsoft Windows and OS X computers in 2002. Since then, the series' installments have sold 88.7 million copies worldwide as of November 2022.
Bloodaxe (character)
Bloodaxe (Jackie Lukus) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as a foe of Thor and Thunderstrike. This character first appeared in Thor #449, though she did not adopt her name and appearance until #450. The name also applies to the axe used by this character.

Bloodaxe's identity was initially a mystery; all early panels of the character's alter ego were depicted as being concealed by shadow or as a silhouette. Due to the sheer muscular mass of Bloodaxe (a direct result of the Asgardian magic within the axe), it was also impossible to determine their gender. Many supporting cast members of Thunderstrike were hinted at being Bloodaxe, but many of them would turn out to be red herrings. It was only after Bloodaxe was defeated that they were revealed to be Jackie Lukus, a confidant and love interest of Thunderstrike's alias Eric Masterson.

Thunderstrike (character)
Thunderstrike is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Eric Masterson has appeared as Thor and later Thunderstrike. The character was introduced as a supporting character in the Thor title, but continued in several other comic books, including the self-titled series Thunderstrike in 1993.

Later interpretations of Thunderstrike would appear in both the Marvel Comics 2 and Heroic Age Marvel Comics storylines, featuring the character's son Kevin Masterson as the hero.
Swiss National Park
The Swiss National Park (Romansh: Parc Naziunal Svizzer; German: Schweizerischer Nationalpark; Italian: Parco Nazionale Svizzero; French: Parc National Suisse) is located in the Western Rhaetian Alps, in eastern Switzerland. It lies within the canton of Graubünden, between Zernez, S-chanf, Scuol, and the Fuorn Pass in the Engadin valley on the border with Italy. Founded in 1914, the Swiss National Park is the oldest national park in the Alps and in Central Europe.

It is part of the worldwide UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and has IUCN category Ia, which is the highest category, signifying a strict nature reserve. Today, the Swiss National Park has an area of 170.3 km2 and is the largest nature reserve in Switzerland.

Fuorn Pass
Fuorn Pass or Ofen Pass (Romansh: Pass dal Fuorn, German: Ofenpass, Italian: Passo del Forno) (el. 2149 m.) is a high alpine mountain pass in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The name is based on the ovens that were used in ironworks in the area. The ruins of these ovens can still be seen from nearby trails.

It connects Zernez in the Engadin valley with Val Müstair, crossing the Swiss National Park in Switzerland.

It was here that a brown bear (Ursus arctos) was seen and photographed in July 2005 - the first sighting of a wild bear in Switzerland since 1923

In 2004, the biggest Honey fungus spotted in Europe was found near the Pass. The fungus is about 1,000 years old and its diameter is estimated at 500 to 800 meters.
Alabama Midland Railway
The Alabama Midland Railway was incorporated in Alabama and Georgia in 1887, and built a line from Bainbridge, Georgia, to a point near Montgomery, Alabama. The route was completed in 1890. It became part of the Plant System in 1894, and in 1901 it was merged into the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway.

Plant System
The Plant System, named after its owner, Henry B. Plant, was a system of railroads and steamboats in the U.S. South, taken over by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902. The original line of the system was the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway, running across southern Georgia. The Plant Investment Company was formed in 1882 to lease and buy other railroads and expand the system. Other major lines incorporated into the system include the Savannah and Charleston Railroad and the Brunswick and Western Railroad.
Bigg Boss Kannada season 8
The eighth season of the Indian Kannada-language version of the Big Brother reality television franchise, known as Bigg Boss, premiered on 28 February 2021. It is produced by Endemol Shine India under the control of Banijay and broadcast on Colors Kannada with Kiccha Sudeepa as the host.

The season was suspended on 8 May 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The last episode was aired after a show run for 71 days and later it continued from 23 June 2021 onwards.

Since the show was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic on day 71 and the day 72 resumed from 23 June 2021 onwards with a new title called Bigg Boss Second Innings and twelve non evicted contestants have entered the house to compete till the finale of the 8th season.

Bigg Boss Kannada
Bigg Boss Kannada, also known as BBK, is the Kannada version of the reality TV show Bigg Boss, which is broadcast in India through the Colors Kannada channel. The show is produced by Endemol Shine India, which owns the global format of Big Brother. Kiccha Sudeepa was hired to host the reality show in 2013 for the first season on ETV Kannada (now Colors Kannada). Later, he continued as a host of the show.
British Rail Class 432
The British Rail Class 432 (4-REP) electric multiple unit passenger trains were built by BR at York Works from 1966 to 1967 and in 1974. The units were built to power the TC trailer units on services on the South West Main Line. Fifteen four-car units were eventually built. The motor coaches were new build, but the trailers were converted from Mk1 hauled stock. They were initially classified as Class 441 and numbered 3001–3015. This was later changed to Class 430, under which they spent the majority of their working lives. Shortly before withdrawal they were reclassified Class 432 and the units were renumbered as 2001–2015. The fleet had a lifespan of 26 years.

British Rail Class 438
The British Rail TC (Trailer Control) multiple units were unpowered fixed formations of 3 or 4 carriages with a driving position at each end of the set, converted by BR's Holgate Road carriage works from locomotive-hauled Mark 1 carriages in 1966–1967 and 1974. The units built on experience gained from the prototype 6TC unit. In time the 3 car units (3TC, numbered in the series 3xx) were reformed into four car units (4TC numbered in the series 4xx) to match the rest of the fleet and later classified as Class 442. This was later changed to Class 491, under which they spent the majority of their working lives. Shortly before withdrawal they were reclassified Class 438 and the units were renumbered to 8001-8034.
Axel Schmidt
Axel Frederik Preben Schmidt (30 April 1939 – 10 June 2018) was a Brazilian sailor from Rio de Janeiro who competed in the Summer Olympic Games, the Pan American Games, the Snipe World Championships, the Star World Championships and the Lightning World Championships.

He is the son of Preben Tage Axel Schmidt (born in 1898 in Frederiksberg, Denmark) and Helene Margrete Jelinski (born in Lyck, East Prussia) and brother of Ingrid, Margrete and Erik Schmidt, also competitive Brazilian sailors. Ingrid is the mother of Torben Grael, Lars Grael, and Axel Grael.

He and his twin brother Erik were known as "the sea twins" after winning 3 Snipe Worlds in a row (1961, 1963 and 1965). They also won the 1959 Pan American Games and finished 2nd in the 1963 Pan American Games in Lightning and third in the 1961 Lightning World Championships. In the Star class, they were 9th at the 1967 Star World Championships, and Axel was 22nd at the 1980 Star World Championships with Luiz Amaro as a crew.

Erik Schmidt (sailor)
Erik Oluf Preben Schmidt (born 30 April 1939 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian sailor who competed in the Summer Olympic Games, the Pan American Games, the Snipe World Championships, the Star World Championships and the Lightning World Championships.

He is the son of Preben Tage Axel Schmidt (born in 1898 in Frederiksberg, Denmark) and Helene Margrete Jelinski (born in Lyck, East Prussia) and brother of Ingrid, Margrete and Axel Schmidt, also competitive Brazilian sailors. Ingrid is the mother of Torben Grael, Lars Grael, and Axel Grael.

Him and his twin brother Axel Schmidt were known as "the sea twins" after winning 3 Snipe Worlds in a row (1961, 1963 and 1965). They also won the 1959 Pan American Games and finished 2nd in the 1963 Pan American Games in Lightning and third in the 1961 Lightning World Championships. In the Star class, they were 9th at the 1967 Star World Championships.