hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Azadegan League
The Azadegan League (Persian: ليگ آزادگان, Lig-e Âzâdegân), also known as  League 1 (Persian: لیگ یک, Lig-e Yek), is the second highest division of professional football in Iran. It was the top-level football league in Iran from its foundation in 1991 until 2001, when the Persian Gulf Pro League was established.

Azadegan League operates on a system of promotion and relegation. Each year, the top finishing teams in the Azadegan League are promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League, and the lowest finishing teams are relegated to League 2.

Since 2016, the league comprises 18 teams. The winner and the runner-up of the Azadegan League are automatically promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League. The bottom three teams in the league are relegated to League 2. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.

Persian Gulf Pro League
The Persian Gulf Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر خلیج فارس, Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر ایران, Lig-e bartar-e Irân), is a professional association football league in Iran and the highest level of the Iranian football league system. It is controlled by the FFIRI and is contested by 16 teams over a 30-matchday period.

Each year, its top team becomes the Iranian football champion, and the two lowest finishers are relegated to the Azadegan League.

Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner of the Persian Gulf Pro League along with the Hazfi Cup champion automatically qualify for the AFC Champions League Elite group stages. The third of the Persian Gulf Pro League is qualified for the AFC Champions League Elite Play-off round. The bottom two teams in the league are relegated to Azadegan League. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
Aortic valve
The aortic valve is a valve in the heart of humans and most other animals, located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It is one of the four valves of the heart and one of the two semilunar valves, the other being the pulmonary valve. The aortic valve normally has three cusps or leaflets, although in 1–2% of the population it is found to congenitally have two leaflets. The aortic valve is the last structure in the heart the blood travels through before stopping the flow through the systemic circulation.

Heart valve
A heart valve (cardiac valve) is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side.

The mammalian heart has two atrioventricular valves separating the upper atria from the lower ventricles: the mitral valve in the left heart, and the tricuspid valve in the right heart. The two semilunar valves are at the entrance of the arteries leaving the heart. These are the aortic valve at the aorta, and the pulmonary valve at the pulmonary artery.

The heart also has a coronary sinus valve and an inferior vena cava valve, not discussed here.
Short integer solution problem
Short integer solution (SIS) and ring-SIS problems are two average-case problems that are used in lattice-based cryptography constructions. Lattice-based cryptography began in 1996 from a seminal work by Miklós Ajtai who presented a family of one-way functions based on SIS problem. He showed that it is secure in an average case if the shortest vector problem  (where  for some constant ) is hard in the worst case.

Average case problems are the problems that are hard to be solved for some randomly selected instances. For cryptography applications, worst case complexity is not sufficient, and we need to guarantee cryptographic construction are hard based on average case complexity.

Lattice-based cryptography
Lattice-based cryptography is the generic term for constructions of cryptographic primitives that involve lattices, either in the construction itself or in the security proof. Lattice-based constructions support important standards of post-quantum cryptography.  Unlike more widely used and known public-key schemes such as the RSA, Diffie-Hellman or elliptic-curve cryptosystems—which could, theoretically, be defeated using Shor's algorithm on a quantum computer—some lattice-based constructions appear to be resistant to attack by both classical and quantum computers. Furthermore, many lattice-based constructions are considered to be secure under the assumption that certain well-studied computational lattice problems cannot be solved efficiently.

In 2024 NIST announced the Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard for post-quantum cryptography.
Kadokawa Future Publishing
Kadokawa Key-Process Co., Ltd. (株式会社KADOKAWA KEY-PROCESS, Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa Key Process) is the publishing arm of Kadokawa Corporation, publishing manga, novels, light novels, magazines, tabletop role-playing games and other type of content with eight different publishing brand companies that previously merged with it. The company used to be the first iteration of Kadokawa Corporation and was the parent company of the Kadokawa Group companies, which brought together several affiliated companies related to Kadokawa Shoten. Kadokawa Dwango announced a restructuring in February 2019. On July 1, 2019, Kadokawa Corporation was reorganized; the publishing business remained and the company was renamed to Kadokawa Future Publishing. Kadokawa Dwango itself became the second iteration of Kadokawa Corporation. On December 1, 2023, the company was renamed to Kadokawa Key-Process.

Kadokawa Corporation
Kadokawa Corporation (Japanese: 株式会社KADOKAWA, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa), formerly Kadokawa Dwango Corporation, is a Japanese conglomerate based in Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

Created as a result of the merger of the original Kadokawa Corporation and Dwango Co., Ltd. on October 1, 2014, the company has holdings in entertainment (including anime and video game studios), publishing, and real estate among other assets.

Kadokawa is a member of the Motion Picture Association of Japan (MPPAJ) and is therefore one of the youngest of Japan's Big Four film studios.
ΜTorrent
μTorrent, or uTorrent (see pronunciation), is a proprietary adware BitTorrent client owned and developed by Rainberry, Inc. The "μ" (Greek letter "mu") in its name comes from the SI prefix "micro-", referring to the program's small memory footprint: the program was designed to use minimal computer resources while offering functionality comparable to larger BitTorrent clients such as Vuze or BitComet. μTorrent became controversial in 2015 when many users unknowingly accepted a default option during installation which also installed a cryptocurrency miner.

The program has been in active development since its first release in 2005. Although originally developed by Ludvig Strigeus, since December 7, 2006, the code is owned and maintained by BitTorrent, Inc. The code has also been employed by BitTorrent, Inc. as the basis for version 6.0 and above of the BitTorrent client, a re-branded version of μTorrent. All versions are written in C++.

BitTorrent (software)
BitTorrent is a proprietary adware BitTorrent client developed by Bram Cohen and Rainberry, Inc. used for uploading and downloading files via the BitTorrent protocol. BitTorrent was the first client written for the protocol. It is often nicknamed Mainline by developers denoting its official origins. Since version 6.0 the BitTorrent client has been a rebranded version of μTorrent. As a result, it is no longer open source. It is currently available for Microsoft Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS and Android. There are currently two versions of the software, "BitTorrent Classic" which inherits the historical version numbering, and "BitTorrent Web", which uses its own version numbering.
River Camac
The River Camac (sometimes spelled Cammock, or, historically, Cammoge or Cammoke; Irish: An Chamóg or Abhainn na Camóige) is one of the larger rivers in Dublin, Ireland and was one of four tributaries of the Liffey critical to the early development of the city.

River Liffey
The River Liffey (Irish: An Life, historically An Ruirthe(a)ch) is a river in eastern Ireland that ultimately flows through the centre of Dublin to its mouth within Dublin Bay. Its major tributaries include the River Dodder, the River Poddle and the River Camac. The river supplies much of Dublin's water and supports a range of recreational activities.
File archiver
A file archiver is utility software that combines files into a single archive file – or in less common cases, multiple files. A relatively simple implementation might include the content of each file plus its name. A more advanced implementation stores additional metadata, such as the timestamps, file attributes and access control information. An archiver might compress input file content to reduce the size of the resulting archive.

In addition to creating an archive, the same utility may also support extracting the contained file content to recreate the original files.

Archive file
An archive file stores the content of one or more computer files, possibly compressed and/or encrypted, with associated metadata such as file name, directory structure, error detection and correction information, and commentary. An archive file is often used to facilitate portability, distribution and backup, and to reduce storage use. An archive file is usually generated and modified via a file archiver utility.
John Gorman (entertainer)
John Gorman (born 4 January 1936) is an English comedian, vocalist and comedy musician. He is best known for being a member of the trio The Scaffold with Mike McCartney and Roger McGough, and for being a host on the children's show Tiswas from 1978 to 1981.

Mike McCartney
Peter Michael McCartney BEM (born 7 January 1944), also known professionally as Mike McGear, is an English musician and photographer who was a member of the groups the Scaffold and Grimms. He is the younger brother of former Beatle Paul McCartney.
Hermitian function
In mathematical analysis, a Hermitian function is a complex function with the property that its complex conjugate is equal to the original function with the variable changed in sign:

(where the  indicates the complex conjugate) for all  in the domain of . In physics, this property is referred to as PT symmetry.

This definition extends also to functions of two or more variables, e.g., in the case that  is a function of two variables it is Hermitian if

for all pairs  in the domain of .

From this definition it follows immediately that:  is a Hermitian function if and only if

the real part of  is an even function,

the imaginary part of  is an odd function.

Even and odd functions
In mathematics,  an even function is a real function such that  for every  in its domain. Similarly, an odd function is a function such that  for every  in its domain.

They are named for the parity of the powers of the power functions which satisfy each condition: the function  is even if n is an even integer, and it is odd if n is an odd  integer.

Even functions are those real functions whose graph is self-symmetric with respect to the y-axis, and odd functions are those whose graph is self-symmetric with respect to the origin.

If the domain of a real function is self-symmetric with respect to the origin, then the function can be uniquely decomposed as the sum of an even function and an odd function.
SAIC (marque)
SAIC (Chinese: 尚界汽车; pinyin: Shàngjiè Qìchē), commonly known in English as Shangjie, is a Chinese electric vehicle brand established in 2025 by SAIC Motor. It is part of Huawei's HIMA multi-brand collaboration model, where Huawei handles product creation and design, provides technologies such as full-stack ADAS solutions and infotainment systems. It is named after SAIC Motor, who manufactures cars for the SAIC marque.

English websites often refer to SAIC as Shangjie to differentiate the marque and SAIC Motor.

Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance
Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (Chinese: 鸿蒙智能汽车技术生态联盟; pinyin: Hóngméng Zhìnéng Qìchē Jìshù Shēngtài Liánméng), trading as HIMA (Chinese: 鸿蒙智行; pinyin: Hóngméng Zhìxíng) is an automotive alliance and sales network initiated and led by Chinese multinational technology company Huawei. Established in 2023, the members of the alliance include AITO (Seres Group), Luxeed (Chery), Stelato (BAIC BluePark),  Maextro (JAC Group) and SAIC (SAIC Motor).

Under HIMA, Huawei contributes in product planning, design, marketing, user experience, quality control and provides intelligent vehicle software and hardware for the traditional automobile manufacturers. Currently, HIMA only operates in mainland China.
Ridder Arena
Ridder Arena is an indoor ice rink at the University of Minnesota, and home to the Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey team. The arena is adjacent to the men's 3M Arena at Mariucci. It was completed in 2002, and includes the connected Baseline Tennis Center for the men's and women's tennis teams. It was the first facility in the United States built specifically for college women's ice hockey, and has hosted the NCAA Women's Frozen Four on four occasions. The arena is named for benefactors Robert Ridder and Kathleen Ridder.

Kathleen Ridder
Kathleen Culman Ridder (October 2, 1922 – April 3, 2017) was an American philanthropist, educator, writer, and feminist. She graduated from University of Minnesota Duluth as a teacher, advocated for women's athletic programs at the University of Minnesota, and was a benefactor of Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey. She was active in Republican politics, supported the Equal Rights Amendment, and later turned to writing and philanthropy to help her causes. She was married to Robert Ridder, and is a namesake of the Ridder Arena.
Dalvík/Reynir
Dalvík/Reynir (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtalˌviːk ˈreiːnɪr̥]) is a professional Icelandic football club based in Dalvík. The club was formed in 2006 after the merger between UMFS Dalvík & Reynir Árskógsströnd

UMFS Dalvík
UMFS Dalvík (officially named Ungmennafélag Svarfdæla, usually referred to as Dalvík, previously referred to as Svarfdælir)  is an Icelandic sports club located in Dalvík. The club has had competitors in various sports in Iceland, most notably football, athletics and basketball. The club currently has no senior football team but is part of the Dalvík/Reynir cooperation and has youth teams playing in national competitions. Dalvík has also had teams playing in national handball and volleyball leagues.
Oklahoma State Highway 152
State Highway 152 (abbreviated SH-152) is a state highway running through west-central Oklahoma. It begins at the Texas state line, serving as a continuation of Texas State Highway 152, and continues east to end at I-344 (John Kilpatrick Turnpike) in southwest Oklahoma City, a length of 145 miles (233 km). Along its route it serves three county seats: Sayre, Cordell, and Oklahoma City (which is also the state capital). Near the east end, it passes through in the Oklahoma City suburb of Mustang before being its terminus on the east side of that town.

SH-152 was originally designated around 1927. It was initially numbered SH-41, and connected Sayre to Minco. SH-41 was extended east to Oklahoma City around 1934 and west to the Texas state line around 1938. The highway was renumbered to SH-152 in 1954.

John Kilpatrick Turnpike
The John Kilpatrick Turnpike, signed as Interstate 344 (I-344)  since November 2024, is a controlled-access toll road in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The turnpike forms a partial beltway around the west and north side of the city that runs from State Highway 152 (SH-152) and Interstate 240 (I-240) to an interchange with Interstate 35 (I-35) and Interstate 44 (I-44). At the eastern terminus, traffic continuing east merges with I-44 traffic, forming the Turner Turnpike. The Kilpatrick Turnpike is 31.0 miles (49.9 km) long.

The turnpike is named after John Kilpatrick, who was the chairman of the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority in the early 1990s.
Xylitol
Xylitol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH(OH)CH2OH)2.  Two other isomeric sugar alcohols exist. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid.  It is classified as a polyalcohol  and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol. Of the common sugar alcohols, only sorbitol is more soluble in water.

The name derives from Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xyl[on] 'wood', with the suffix -itol used to denote it being a sugar alcohol.

Xylitol is used as a food additive and sugar substitute.  Its European Union code number is E967. Replacing sugar with xylitol in food products may promote better dental health, but evidence is lacking on whether xylitol itself prevents dental cavities. In the United States, xylitol is used as a common sugar substitute, and is considered to be safe for humans.

Xylitol can be toxic to dogs and ferrets.

Sugar alcohol
Sugar alcohols (also called polyhydric alcohols, polyalcohols, alditols or glycitols) are organic compounds, typically derived from sugars, containing one hydroxyl group (−OH) attached to each carbon atom. They are white, water-soluble solids that can occur naturally or be produced industrially by hydrogenating sugars. Since they contain multiple (−OH) groups, they are classified as polyols.

Sugar alcohols are used widely in the food industry as thickeners and sweeteners. In commercial foodstuffs, sugar alcohols are commonly used in place of table sugar (sucrose), often in combination with high-intensity artificial sweeteners, in order to offset their low sweetness. Xylitol and sorbitol are popular sugar alcohols in commercial foods.

Sugar alcohols are synthesised by most microorganisms and plants, with roles in maintaining cellular water balance and responding to stresses, such as water deficiency or low temperature.
Giovanni Maria Boccardo
Giovanni Maria Boccardo (20 November 1848 - 30 December 1913) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Poor Daughters of Saint Cajetan. Boccardo tended to victims of a cholera epidemic in 1884 and was forced to resign all positions in his parish in 1911 due to illness that confined him to his bed. He was the elder brother of Blessed Luigi Boccardo.

He was beatified in 1998 on the occasion of the pastoral visit of Pope John Paul II to Turin.

Luigi Boccardo
Luigi Boccardo (9 August 1861 - 9 June 1936) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and the brother of Giovanni Maria Boccardo. Luigi established the Sisters of Jesus the King as a contemplative branch to his latter brother's Poor Daughters of Saint Cajetan.

Boccardo served as a simple parish priest in Turin and was noted for his commitment to religious vocations as well as for his devotion to methods of evangelization for the faithful under his charge. He has been nicknamed the "Apostle of Merciful Love".

His beatification cause commenced after his death and - upon the approval of Pope Benedict XVI - was beatified on 14 April 2007; Cardinal José Saraiva Martins presided over it on the behalf of the pope in Turin.
Guðjón Þórðarson
Guðjón Þórðarson (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkvʏðjoun ˈθourðar̥sɔn]; born 14 September 1955), known in the United Kingdom as Gudjon Thordarson, is an Icelandic football manager and former player. He has previously been manager of Iceland, Icelandic clubs ÍA, KA, KR, Keflavík, BÍ/Bolungarvík and Grindavík, English clubs Notts County, Stoke City, Barnsley and Crewe Alexandra, Norwegian club Start and Faroese club NSÍ Runavík.

Guðjón has three sons who have also played professional football, namely: Bjarni, Joey and Þórður Guðjónsson. His grandson Ísak Bergmann Jóhannesson is a current professional player.

Bjarni Guðjónsson
Bjarni Eggerts Guðjónsson (born 26 February 1979) is an Icelandic former professional footballer, who was last manager of KR.

He has played in Belgium, England and Germany and has two brothers who have also played professional football, Þórður and Jóhannes. All three played together at Genk. He is also the son of former footballer and now manager Guðjón Þórðarson.
Reactor pattern
The reactor software design pattern is an event handling strategy that can respond to many potential service requests concurrently. The pattern's key component is an event loop, running in a single thread or process, which demultiplexes incoming requests and dispatches them to the correct request handler.

By relying on event-based mechanisms rather than blocking I/O or multi-threading, a reactor can handle many concurrent I/O bound requests with minimal delay.
A reactor also allows for easily modifying or expanding specific request handler routines, though the pattern does have some drawbacks and limitations.

With its balance of simplicity and scalability, the reactor has become a central architectural element in several server applications and software frameworks for networking. Derivations such as the multireactor and proactor also exist for special cases where even greater throughput, performance, or request complexity are necessary.

Proactor pattern
Proactor is a software design pattern for event handling in which long running activities are running in an asynchronous part. A completion handler is called after the asynchronous part has terminated. 
The proactor pattern can be considered to be an asynchronous variant of the synchronous reactor pattern.
Naphthylaminopropane
Naphthylaminopropane (NAP; code name PAL-287), also known as naphthylisopropylamine (NIPA), is an experimental drug of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families that was under investigation for the treatment of alcohol and stimulant addiction.

Substituted naphthylethylamine
The substituted naphthylethylamines are a class of chemical compounds based on naphthalene. Many naphthylethylamines are naphthylaminopropanes (also known as naphthylisopropylamines) due to the presence of a methyl group at the alpha carbon of the alkyl chain. The naphthylethylamines are derivatives of the phenethylamines, while the naphthylaminopropanes are derivatives of the amphetamines.

There are two types of naphthylethylamines based on positional isomerism: 1-naphthylethylamines and 2-naphthylethylamines. Examples of these include 1-naphthylaminopropane (1-NAP) and 2-naphthylaminopropane (2-NAP), respectively.
William Henry Bragg
Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was a British X-ray crystallographer who uniquely shared a Nobel Prize with his son Lawrence Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays", an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography.

Lawrence Bragg
Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian X-ray crystallographer who uniquely shared a Nobel Prize with his father William Henry Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays", an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography.

As of 2025, Bragg is the youngest ever Nobel laureate in physics, or in any science category, having received the award at the age of 25. Bragg was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick reported the discovery of the structure of DNA in February 1953.
Rana Bahadur Shah
Rana Bahadur Shah, King of Nepal (Nepali: श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज रण बहादुर शाह देव; 25 May 1775 – 25 April 1806) was King of Nepal, he succeeded to the throne after the death of his father, King Pratap Singh Shah. He ruled under the regencies of his mother, Queen Rajendra Rajya Lakshmi Devi (died, 13 July 1785 from tuberculosis), and then of his uncle, Bahadur Shah. During this time, the kingdom was expanded by conquest to include the Garhwal and Kumaon regions, now part of India. He imprisoned his uncle, Bahadur Shah, who died in jail.

Rajendra Rajya Laxmi Devi
Rajendra Rajya Lakshmi Devi (died 1785), was the consort of Pratap Singh Shah, king of the Kingdom of Nepal. She was the regent of Nepal during the minority of her son Rana Bahadur Shah between 1777 and 1785.  During her eight years of regency, she contributed to the unification of modern Nepal begun by Prithvi Narayan Shah.