hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ilyas Ghuman
Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman (born 12 April 1969) is a Pakistani Islamic scholar and theologian of the Deobandi movement. Born in Sargodha to a Ghuman family, Ilyas studied at Jamia Binoria in Karachi and was a disciple of Azizur Rahman Hazarvi.

Ghuman is an expert in Ilm al-Kalam (speculative theology) and is known by his admirers as Mutakallim-i Islam. He is also a religious philosopher, Sufi, and a debater. Ghuman is the head of Markaz Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat in Sargodha. Ghuman is a leading Hanafi Maturidi theologian.

Azizur Rahman Hazarvi
Aziz Ur Rahman Hazarvi (2 February 1948 – 23 June 2020) was a Pakistani Islamic Scholar and a senior leader of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F), who was the founder of Jamia Darul Uloom Zakariya in Tarnol, Islamabad.

He was a disciple of Zakariyya Kandhlawi and Hazārvi authorized various people in the Chishti branch of Tasawwuf and his notable disciples include Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman.
Braun (company)
Braun GmbH (/braʊn/ ⓘ "brown", German: [bʁaʊn] ⓘ) is a German consumer products company founded in 1921 and based in Kronberg im Taunus, Hesse. The company is known for its design aesthetic from the 1960s through the 1980s. It has manufactured a wide assortment of products ranging from electric shavers and personal care devices to radiograms and record players, movie cameras, slide projectors, clocks, and small kitchen appliances, for which "Braun became shorthand for reliable, no-nonsense modernist goods."

Radiogram (device)
In British English, a radiogram is a piece of furniture that combined a radio and record player. The word radiogram is a portmanteau of radio and gramophone. The corresponding term in American English is console.
Tisséo
Tisséo is the brand adopted in 2002 for the transport network of Toulouse, France. Operating under the authority of the Syndicat mixte des transports en commun (SMTC), Tisséo operates two metro lines, two tramway lines, a hundred buses, and shuttle services (bus, mobibus, TAD), with a unified magnetic ticketing and RFID card system.

Toulouse tramway
The Toulouse tramway (French: Tramway de Toulouse) is a two-line tram system in Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France, and operates from Toulouse to the suburb of Beauzelle, passing through Blagnac. The Line T1 tramway serves 24 stations, and runs over of a route that is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long. Including the three-station, 2.4-kilometre (1.5 mi) branch line of Line T2 which opened in April 2015, the entire Toulouse tramway serves 27 stations and is based on the Alstom Citadis 302 family of low-floor trains.

The system and its fare structure is incorporated into the Tisséo network of Toulouse, which also includes the Toulouse Metro.
Suprahyoid muscles
The suprahyoid muscles are four muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck. They are the digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles. They are all pharyngeal muscles, with the exception of the geniohyoid muscle. The digastric is uniquely named for its two bellies. Its posterior belly rises from the mastoid process of the cranium and slopes downward and forward. The anterior belly arises from the digastric fossa on the inner surface of the mandibular body, which slopes downward and backward. The two bellies connect at the intermediate tendon. The intermediate tendon passes through a connective tissue loop attached to the hyoid bone. The mylohyoid muscles are thin, flat muscles that form a sling inferior to the tongue supporting the floor of the mouth. The geniohyoids are short, narrow muscles that contact each other in the midline. The stylohyoids are long, thin muscles that are nearly parallel with the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Mylohyoid muscle
The mylohyoid muscle or diaphragma oris is a paired muscle of the neck. It runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity of the mouth. It is named after its two attachments near the molar teeth. It forms the floor of the submental triangle. It elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue, important during swallowing and speaking.
Prochoros Kydones
Prochoros Kydones (Greek: Πρόχορος Κυδώνης; c. 1330 – c. 1369), Latinized as Prochorus Cydones or Prochorus Cydonius was an Eastern Orthodox monk, theologian, and linguist.

An advocate of Western Aristotelian thought, his translation of Latin Scholastic writings brought him into conflict with Hesychasm, the leading school of Byzantine mystical theology, and its most vigorous defender, Gregory Palamas, eventually culminating in his excommunication, deposition from the priesthood, and condemnation as a heretic along with his brother Demetrios by the Synod of Constantinople.

Demetrios Kydones
Demetrios Kydones, latinized as Demetrius Cydones or Demetrius Cydonius (Greek: Δημήτριος Κυδώνης; 1324, Thessalonica – 1398, Crete), was a Byzantine Catholic theologian, translator, author and statesman. He served an unprecedented three terms as Mesazon (Imperial Prime Minister or Chancellor) of the Byzantine Empire under three successive emperors: John VI Kantakouzenos, John V Palaiologos and Manuel II Palaiologos.

As Imperial Premier, Kydones' West-Politik effort during his second and third stints was to bring about a reconciliation of the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches, in order to cement a military alliance against the ever-encroaching Islamic conquests, a program that culminated in John V Palaiologos' reconciliation with Catholicism.

His younger brother and somewhat-collaborator in his efforts was the noted anti-Palamite theologian Prochoros Kydones.
Fave
The Fave (French pronunciation: [fav]) is a river in France in the eastern region of Lorraine. It flows in the Vosges département. It is a tributary of the Meurthe, thus a sub-tributary of the Moselle and of the Rhine. It is 22.2 km (13.8 mi) long.

Meurthe (river)
The Meurthe (French pronunciation: [mœʁt]) is a river in north-eastern France, right tributary to the river Moselle. It is 161 km (100 mi) long. Its source is in the Vosges mountains, near the Col de la Schlucht in the Vosges département, from where it flows in an overall north-westerly direction. Its name gave rise to the naming of the present French département Meurthe-et-Moselle and the former (before the change in the Franco-German border after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870) département Meurthe.

Channelled during its route through Nancy, the river flows into the Moselle at Pompey on the northern edge of Nancy, a short distance down-stream from the Port of Frouard.

Towns along the river Meurthe include:

in Vosges: Fraize, Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, Raon-l'Étape

in Meurthe-et-Moselle: Baccarat, Lunéville and Nancy

Tributaries include:

Fave

Rabodeau

Plaine

Vezouze

Mortagne

Sânon
Osmeña Highway
The President Sergio Osmeña Sr. Highway (often shortened as Osmeña Highway), also known as the South Superhighway, is a 4.595-kilometer (2.855 mi) major highway that links Quirino Avenue in Paco, Manila to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) at the Magallanes Interchange in Makati.

The highway is designated as a component of National Route 145 (N145) of the Philippine highway network and Radial Road 3 (R-3) of Metro Manila's arterial road network.

EDSA
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, commonly referred to by its acronym EDSA (Tagalog: [ˈʔɛd.sɐ]), is a major circumferential road around Metro Manila, Philippines. It passes through 6 of Metro Manila's 17 local government units or cities, namely, from north to south, Caloocan, Quezon City, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, and Pasay.

Named after academic Epifanio de los Santos, the section of the road from Balintawak Interchange in Quezon City to Magallanes Interchange in Makati connects the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX). The avenue passes through the major financial districts of the metropolis which are Triangle Park, Araneta City, Ortigas Center, Makati CBD, and Bay City. It is the longest and the most congested highway in the metropolis, stretching some 23.8 kilometers (14.8 mi).
Ugandan Americans
Ugandan Americans are Americans of Ugandan birth, descent, or ancestry. The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) reports both (1) people who identify Ugandan ancestry and (2) people who are foreign-born from Uganda; these measures are not identical and should be cited separately.

The city of Waltham, Massachusetts has been described as a center of Ugandan community life in the Greater Boston area and has been nicknamed "Little Kampala". The Ugandan North American Association (UNAA) is headquartered in Waltham, along with St. Peters Church of Uganda Boston.

Ugandan North American Association
Ugandan North American Association (UNAA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit Ugandan diaspora organization based in North America. A World Bank working paper on Ugandan remittance corridors describes UNAA as having been established in 1990 and notes that it organizes an annual convention bringing together Ugandans living in the United States and Canada.

UNAA has been the subject of coverage in Ugandan national and international media regarding its conventions, governance, and role in diaspora engagement.
Nerodia clarkii clarkii
Nerodia clarkii clarkii, the Gulf salt marsh snake, is a subspecies of N. clarkii that is indigenous to the south-eastern United States.  It is a nonvenomous, colubrid snake that inhabits coastal salt marshes and brackish estuaries along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Texas.

Nerodia clarkii
Nerodia clarkii, commonly known as the salt marsh snake or the saltmarsh watersnake, is a species of semi-aquatic, nonvenomous, colubrid snake found in the southeastern United States. Their range extends along the tidal salt marshes of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Coast from Texas to Florida, with an additional population in northern Cuba. The three subspecies of this snake are primarily distinguished by color pattern and geographic range.

Salt marsh snakes are the only U.S. snake species indigenous to saltwater habitats, being reported as common on coastal barrier islands without freshwater (Allen 1932).
James E. Ferguson
James Edward Ferguson Jr.  (August 31, 1871 – September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, removed from office, and barred from holding further Texas office.

Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms.

Miriam A. Ferguson
Miriam Amanda  "Ma" Ferguson (née Wallace; June 13, 1875 – June 25, 1961) was an American politician who served two non-consecutive terms as the governor of Texas: from 1925 to 1927, and from 1933 to 1935. She was the first female governor of Texas, and the second woman elected to the governorship of any U.S. state to assume office, after Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming.
Tohoku Broadcasting Company
Tohoku Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (東北放送株式会社, Tōhōku Hōsō Kabushiki Gaisha; abbreviated name: TBC) is a Japanese TV and radio network affiliated with the Japan News Network (JNN), Japan Radio Network (JRN) and National Radio Network (NRN). Its headquarters are located in Miyagi Prefecture, Tōhoku region.

Despite being one of the quasi-key JNN & JRN affiliates outside of the Five-Company Agreement Stations (TBS, HBC, CBC, MBS, RKB), Tohoku Broadcasting's radio division is a core NRN affiliate, in which the station has dedicated lines for NRN programming distribution, including baseball coverage for Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. It is one of 3 JRN-affiliated stations who are core NRN stations. The other 2 being RCC and SBS.

Japan News Network
The Japan News Network (JNN; Japanese: ジャパン・ニュース・ネットワーク, romanized: Japan Nyūsu Nettowāku) is a Japanese commercial television network run by TBS Television, owned by TBS Holdings (which is a part of the Mitsui Group keiretsu and highly cooperating with the Mainichi Shimbun despite the lack of the latter's shareholding in TBS Holdings). The network's responsibility includes the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and news exchange between the stations. Its affiliate stations also broadcast non-news programs originating from TBS Television. Founded on 1 August 1959,: 150–151  JNN is made up of 28 full-time affiliates.

It also operates the 24-hour satellite and cable news channel TBS News and the FAST Channel TBS NEWS DIG.
Ibn al-Baytar
Diyāʾ al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Mālaqī, commonly known as Ibn al-Bayṭār (Arabic: ابن البيطار) (1197–1248 AD) was an Andalusian Arab physician, botanist, pharmacist and scientist. His main contribution was to systematically record the additions made by Islamic physicians in the Middle Ages, which added between 300 and 400 types of medicine to the one thousand previously known since antiquity. He was a student of Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati.

Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati
Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Mufarraj bin Ani al-Khalil (fl. c. 1200), better known as Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, Ibn al-Rumiya or al-Ashshab, (Arabic: أبو العباس النباتي, Abu’l-ʿAbbās al-Nabātī), was an Andalusian scientist, botanist, pharmacist and theologian. He was a teacher of fellow Andalusian botanist Ibn al-Baitar.
National Liberal Party (Germany)
The National Liberal Party (German: Nationalliberale Partei, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.

During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, the National Liberals became the dominant party in the Reichstag. While supporting the common ideals of liberalism and nationalism, the party contained two wings, which reflected the conflicting claims of its Hegelian and idealistic heritage: one emphasized the power of the state through the Nationalstaat, and the other emphasized the civil liberties of the Rechtsstaat. Although that cleavage later proved fatal for its unity, the National Liberals managed to remain the pivotal party in the decades after unification by cooperating with both the Progressives and the Free Conservatives on various issues.

German Progress Party
The German Progress Party (German: Deutsche Fortschrittspartei, DFP) was the first modern political party in Germany, founded by liberal members of the Prussian House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus) in 1861 in opposition to Minister President Otto von Bismarck.
Midnight at the Casa Luna
Midnight at the Casa Luna is a radio drama, produced by the ZBS Foundation. The two parts of the story were released individually in 1998 and 2000; part two has the title The Hungry Ghosts. It is the eleventh of the Jack Flanders adventure series, and combines elements of Americana and Old-time radio with metaphysical concepts such as Sufi wisdom and Tibetan Buddhism.

Jack Flanders
Jack Flanders, full name Jonathan L. Flanders, is the protagonist of a series of audio dramas produced by the ZBS Foundation. He is the creation of writer and sound artist Thomas Lopez and is played by actor Robert Lorick.

Jack is an adventurer who travels the Earth, exploring both familiar physical places and a metaphysical land called the Invisible Realms.  His character adapts as the story requires, ranging from a bumbling fool to a competent and professional detective into spiritual mysteries.  Well-versed in the occult, folklore, primitive magic and various mystic phenomena, he is able to withstand most reality-altering experiences and generally has an open mind towards all things.
Binah (Kabbalah)
Binah (meaning "understanding"; Hebrew: בִּינָה Bīnā) is the third sephira on the kabbalistic Tree of Life. It sits on the level below Keter (in the formulations that include that sephirah), across from Chokmah and  directly above Gevurah. It is usually given four paths: from Keter, Chokmah, to Gevurah and Tiphereth.

Tiferet
Tiferet (Hebrew: תִּפְאֶרֶת Tip̄ʾereṯ, in pausa: תִּפְאָרֶת Tip̄ʾāreṯ, lit. 'beauty, glory, adornment') alternatively Tifaret, Tiphareth, Tifereth or Tiphereth, is the sixth sefira in the kabbalistic Tree of Life. It has the common association of "Spirituality", "Balance", "Integration", "Beauty", "Miracles", and "Compassion".
Don Cameron (South Australian politician)
Donald Newton Cameron (13 January 1914 – 5 June 1998), Australian politician, was born in Murray Bridge, South Australia, and was educated at Gawler. Like his brother Clyde Cameron, he became a shearer and an official of the Australian Workers' Union, and was also active in the Australian Labor Party. From 1965 to 1969 he was South Australian state secretary of the AWU and a member of the Labor State Executive. He was elected to the Australian Senate in 1969 and served until his retirement in 1978.

Clyde Cameron
Clyde Robert Cameron, AO (11 February 1913 – 14 March 2008) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1980, representing the Division of Hindmarsh. He was a leading figure in the Australian labour movement and held ministerial office in the Whitlam government as Minister for Labour (1972–1974), Labor and Immigration (1974–1975), and Science and Consumer Affairs (1975).
Former City Hall, Singapore
1°17′26″N 103°51′06″E﻿ / ﻿1.2906°N 103.8517°E﻿ / 1.2906; 103.8517

The Former City Hall building in Singapore is a national monument gazetted on 14 February 1992. It can be found in front of the historical Padang and adjacent to the Former Supreme Court of Singapore, it was designed and built by the architects of the Singapore Municipal Commission, A. Gordans and F. D. Meadows from 1926 to 1929. A flight of stairs takes visitors from the Corinthian colonnade to the main building. The building was constructed to replace several houses designed by architect G.D. Coleman. It was first known as the Municipal Building until 1951, when the town of Singapore was granted city status by King George VI.

Former Supreme Court, Singapore
The Former Supreme Court building (Malay: Bangunan Mahkamah Agung Lama, Chinese: 最高法院大厦) is the former courthouse of the Supreme Court of Singapore. Opened in 1939, the building was the last structure built in the style of classical architecture in the former British colony. On 20 June 2005, the Supreme Court moved to its current premises at 1 Supreme Court Lane, located behind the Former Supreme Court.

Since 24 November 2015, the Former Supreme Court, combined with the Former City Hall, serves as the location of the National Gallery Singapore.
Sentry (Kree)
Sentry is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in July 1967. It is one of a series of giant humanoid robots called Kree Sentries built by the Kree. The most prominent Sentry, Sentry-459, is an enemy of the Fantastic Four and Captain Marvel.

Sentry-459 has also appeared in animated adaptations. It appeared in Fantastic Four, voiced by Mark Hamill, and a self-titled episode of The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes.

Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell)
Captain Marvel (real name: Mar-Vell; Earth alias Walter Lawson) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and designed by artist Gene Colan, the character first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes #12 (December 1967). He is the first character to use the moniker Captain Marvel in the Marvel Universe.

The character debuted during the Silver Age of comic books and made many subsequent appearances, including a self-titled series and the second volume of the Marvel Spotlight series until his death in 1982, which has since remained largely permanent within mainstream continuity and most other media, with Carol Danvers (the former Ms. Marvel) becoming the primarily featured Captain Marvel in the modern age.
Time-based one-time password
Time-based one-time password (TOTP) is a computer algorithm that generates a one-time password (OTP) using the current time as a source of uniqueness. As an extension of the HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) algorithm, it has been adopted as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard RFC 6238.

TOTP is a cornerstone of the Initiative for Open Authentication (OATH) and is used in a number of two-factor authentication (2FA) systems.

HMAC-based one-time password
HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) is a one-time password (OTP) algorithm based upon an HMAC. When a client attempts to access a server, a challenge is sent by the destination server to the client. The client then computes a response which represents a one time password. This often forms part of multi-factor authentication protocols such as the Open Authentication initiative (OATH) challenge-response algorithm.

HOTP was published as an informational IETF RFC 4226  in December 2005, documenting the algorithm along with a Java implementation. Since then, the algorithm has been adopted by many companies worldwide (see below). The HOTP algorithm is a freely available open standard.
Acid jazz
Acid jazz (also known as club jazz, psychedelic jazz, or groove jazz) is a music genre that combines elements of funk, soul, and hip hop. Acid jazz originated in clubs in London during the 1980s with the rare groove movement and spread to the United States, Western Europe, Latin America and Japan. Acts included The Brand New Heavies, Incognito, James Taylor Quartet, Us3, and Jamiroquai from the UK, and Guru, Buckshot LeFonque and Digable Planets from the U.S. The rise of electronic club music in the middle to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, acid jazz became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are seen as jazz-funk, or nu jazz.

Jazz-funk
Jazz-funk is a subgenre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat, electrified sounds, and analog synthesizers.  The integration of funk, soul, and R&B music and styles into jazz resulted in the creation of a genre that ranges from pure jazz improvisation to soul, funk or disco with jazz arrangements, jazz riffs, jazz solos, and sometimes soul vocals. Similar genres to jazz funk include acid jazz.
Weiden–Oberkotzau railway
The Weiden–Oberkotzau railway is a two-track main line railway in Bavaria, Germany. It connects with the Regensburg–Weiden railway in Weiden in der Oberpfalz and runs via Marktredwitz to Oberkotzau, where it joins the Bamberg–Hof railway. The line forms part of a long-distance route from Munich to Hof, continuing to Leipzig and Dresden.

Bamberg–Hof railway
The Bamberg–Hof railway is a 127 km (79 mi)-long main line that runs through Bavaria in southern Germany. The line runs from Bamberg via Lichtenfels, Kulmbach, Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg and Münchberg to Hof. The section from Hof to Neuenmarkt now forms part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line.