hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Wheatstone
Sir Charles Wheatstone (/ˈwiːtstən/; 6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875) was an English physicist and inventor best known for his contributions to the development of the Wheatstone bridge, originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie, which is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance, and as a major figure in the development of telegraphy. His other contributions include the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images) and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique).

Wheatstone bridge
A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. The primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements (in contrast with something like a simple voltage divider). Its operation is similar to the original potentiometer.

The Wheatstone bridge was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie (sometimes spelled "Christy") in 1833 and improved and popularized by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1843.  One of the Wheatstone bridge's initial uses was for soil analysis and comparison.
Emil Georg Bührle
Emil Georg Bührle (German pronunciation: [ˈeːmɪl ɡeˈɔʁk ˈbyːʁlə]; 31 August 1890 - 26 November 1956) was a German-born Swiss industrialist, controversial armament manufacturer and art collector. Bührle was long-term managing owner of Oerlikon-Bührle and the founding patron of Foundation E.G. Bührle. By the end of World War II, Bührle had become Switzerland's richest man after having been told by the Swiss authorities to not only supply weapons to the Allies but also to Nazi Germany. He was the patriarch of the Bührle family.

Foundation E. G. Bührle
The Foundation E. G. Bührle Collection (Stiftung Sammlung E. G. Bührle) is an art museum in Zurich, Switzerland. It was established by the Bührle family to make Emil Georg Bührle's collection of European sculptures and paintings available to the public. The museum is in a villa adjoining Bührle's former home. In 2021 many works were exhibited on 20-year loan in almost a whole floor of the new extension of the Kunsthaus Zürich museum. There was controversy due to suspicions that many works were looted from Jews by Nazi Germany.
The foundation was managed for decades by Bührle's son Dieter, who was sentenced to a conditional prison term of 8 months in 1970 for supplying weapons to the racist apartheid regime in South Africa.
PFC Sochi
Football Club Sochi (Russian: Футбольный клуб Сочи, romanized: Futbolny Klub Sochi), is a Russian professional football club based in Sochi. The club is playing its home matches at the 47,000-capacity Fisht Stadium.

Fisht Olympic Stadium
Fisht Olympic Stadium (Russian: Олимпийский стадион «Фишт», romanized: Olimpiyskiy stadion "Fisht", IPA: [ɐlʲɪmˈpʲijskʲɪj stədʲɪˈon ˈfʲiʂt]) is an outdoor stadium in Sochi, Russia. Located in Sochi Olympic Park and named after Mount Fisht, the 45,994-capacity stadium was constructed for the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, where it served as the venue for their opening and closing ceremonies.

The stadium was originally built as an enclosed facility; it was re-opened in 2016 as an open-air football stadium, to host matches as part of the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2018 FIFA World Cup when it was known simply as Fisht Stadium.
Komlosaurus
Komlosaurus ("Komlo lizard") is an ichnogenus of theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Baranya, Hungary. The type species, Komlosaurus carbonis, was described by Kordos in 1983. The type remains come from the Mecsek Coal Formation, from the  Middle Hettangian to the Early Sinemurian, and comprise several footprints.

Sinemurian
In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 199.5 ±0.3 Ma and 192.9 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Sinemurian is preceded by the Hettangian and is followed by the Pliensbachian.

In Europe the Sinemurian age, together with the Hettangian age, saw the deposition of the lower Lias, in Great Britain known as the Blue Lias.
Mabuhay Broadcasting System
Mabuhay Broadcasting System, Inc. (MBSI) is a Philippine radio network majority owned by the Ragasa family, heirs of founder Quirino De Guzman. Its corporate office is located at the 17th Floor, The Centerpoint, Julia Vargas Ave., Ortigas Center, Pasig, and its main studio is located at the 40th Floor Summit One Tower, Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. MBSI derives most of its income by selling airtime to blocktimers. MBSI's stations nationwide are operated by ZimZam Management of Manuelito "Manny" F. Luzon under the Win Radio brand.

Win Radio
Win Radio is a commercial radio brand owned by ZimZam Management, Inc., led by veteran radio executive Manuelito “Manny” Luzon. Unlike major rivals directly operated by their parent companies, ZimZam leases airtime from third-party networks due to the lack of a legal broadcast franchise.

Win Radio currently airs on stations owned by Mabuhay Broadcasting System.
Non-carbon nanotube
A non-carbon nanotube is a cylindrical molecule often composed of metal oxides, or  group 13-Nitrides, such as BN,  AlN,  GaN and morphologically similar to a carbon nanotube. Non-carbon nanotubes have been observed to occur naturally in some mineral deposits.

A few years after Linus Pauling mentioned the possibility of curved layers in minerals as early as 1930, some minerals such as white asbestos (or chrysotile)  and imogolite were actually shown to have a tubular structure. However, the first synthetic non-carbon nanotubes did not appear until Reshef Tenne et al. reported the synthesis of nanotubes composed of tungsten disulfide (WS2) in 1992.

In the intervening years, nanotubes have been synthesised of many non-carbon materials, such as vanadium oxide and manganese oxide, and are being researched for such applications as redox catalysts and cathode materials for batteries.

Tungsten disulfide
Tungsten disulfide is an inorganic chemical compound composed of tungsten and sulfur with the chemical formula WS2. This compound is part of the group of materials called the transition metal dichalcogenides. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral tungstenite. This material is a component of certain catalysts used for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrification.

WS2 adopts a layered structure similar, or isotypic with MoS2, instead with W atoms situated in trigonal prismatic coordination sphere (in place of Mo atoms). Owing to this layered structure, WS2 forms non-carbon nanotubes, which were discovered after heating a thin sample of WS2 in 1992.
Soltau
Soltau (German pronunciation: [ˈzɔltaʊ] ⓘ) is a mid-sized town in the Lüneburg Heath in the district of Heidekreis, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has around 22,000 inhabitants. The city is centrally located in the Lüneburg Heath and is known nationwide especially for its tourist attractions like the Heide-Park and the Soltau-Therme.

Heidekreis
Heidekreis ("Heath district") is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Harburg, Lüneburg, Uelzen, Celle, Hanover, Nienburg, Verden and Rotenburg.
Natural monuments of Mexico
Mexico's natural monuments (or Monumentos Naturales in Spanish) are  protected natural areas.

Five areas – Bonampak, Cerro de La Silla, Río Bravo del Norte, Yagul, and Yaxchilán – are designated by the Mexican federal government and are administrated by the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP). Six others are designated and administered by state governments.

CONANP defines Natural Monuments as areas that contain one or more natural elements, that have a unique character, aesthetic, historic, or scientific value, that require absolute protection. Sites do not need to have a variety of ecosystems to be included in this category.

Protected natural areas of Mexico
There are currently 232 Protected Natural Areas in Mexico, covering 98 million hectares in total. They are protected and administered by the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, or 'CONANP'), a federal agency under the Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT). CONANP administers:

79 Mexican National Parks

48 biosphere reserves

57 flora and fauna protection areas

28 Mexican Nature Sanctuaries

15 natural resources protection areas

5 natural monuments
Main San José Carnegie Library
The Main San José Carnegie Library was a Carnegie library in San Jose, California. It opened in 1903 and operated as a part of the San José Public Library, until being transferred to San Jose State University in 1936 and demolished in 1960.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library
The Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library (also known locally as the MLK Library or the King Library) is an 8-story public library and university library, located in downtown San Jose, California, which had its grand opening on August 16, 2003. As of 2018, it is the largest library building in the western United States built in a single construction project, with over 475,000 square feet (44,000 m2) of space on eight floors and approximately 1.6 million volumes. The King Library is a collaboration between the City of San José and San José State University: it is the main library for both San José State University and the San José Public Library system. In 2004 it was honored as Library of the Year by Library Journal and Thomson Gale, for its collaborative combination of the two functions as well as for the building. On its tenth anniversary in 2013 it was still the largest joint university-municipal library in the United States.

The library building can accommodate over 2000 visitors.
7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery
7th Parachute Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery (7 HAT) is an airborne regiment of the Royal Artillery in the British Army. It currently serves in the field artillery role with 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team, and is equipped with the L118 Light Gun.

The regiment was constituted in 1961 out of existing batteries that have served continuously since the Napoleonic Wars.

16 Air Assault Brigade
16 Air Assault Brigade is a formation of the British Army predominantly based in Colchester, Essex. It makes up the Air Assault Task Force, a battlegroup held at high readiness, and is the only brigade in the British Army focused on operating via parachute, helicopter and air-landing.
Reykjavík-Rotterdam
Reykjavík-Rotterdam is a 2008 Icelandic film directed by Óskar Jónasson and starring Baltasar Kormákur and Ingvar E. Sigurðsson. A Hollywood remake titled Contraband starring Mark Wahlberg was released in 2012.

Contraband (2012 film)
Contraband is a 2012 action thriller film directed by Baltasar Kormákur, and starring Mark Wahlberg, Kate Beckinsale, Ben Foster, Caleb Landry Jones, Giovanni Ribisi, Lukas Haas, Diego Luna and J. K. Simmons and follows a former smuggler who is coerced to smuggle illicit goods from Panama into the United States. The film is a remake of the 2008 Icelandic film Reykjavík-Rotterdam distributed by Universal Pictures.
Aimée du Buc de Rivéry
Aimée du Buc de Rivéry (born 4 December 1776) was a French heiress, distantly related to Joséphine de Beauharnais (first wife of Napoleon), who went missing at sea as a young woman. She was thought by some to have been captured by Barbary pirates, sold as a harem concubine, and was the same person as Nakşîdil Sultan, mother of Sultan Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire; but this has been debunked.

Nakşidil Sultan
Nakşidil Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: نقش دل سلطان; also called Nakşi Sultan; 1761 – 28 July 1817) was a consort of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, and Valide Sultan to their son Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Robbie Slater
Robert David Slater (born 22 November 1964) is an Australian former professional soccer player and sports commentator.

He played as a midfielder from 1982 until 2001 notably in the Premier League for Blackburn Rovers where he was amongst the title winning side of 1995. He also played in England's top flight for West Ham United and Southampton, as well as playing in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers. Slater also played in Europe for Anderlecht and RC Lens as well as playing in Australia for St George Saints, Sydney United and Northern Spirit FC. He made 44 caps for Australia, scoring one goal.

North West Sydney Spirit FC
North West Sydney Spirit FC is an Australian soccer club based in  Macquarie Park, Sydney, New South Wales. It was the successor of the defunct Northern Spirit FC, a professional soccer club based in North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales. Northern Spirit entered the National Soccer League in the 1998–99 season. Its founding was inspired in part by the success Perth Glory was enjoying as a mainstream club (as opposed to the league's mainstay European migrant founded clubs), as well as an opportunity to tap into the previously unrepresented northern suburbs of Sydney. The club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues NSW.
Juan Martí
Joan Martí Viñolas (9 January 1887 – 17 September 1978) was a Catalan cyclist. He won the third edition of the Volta a Catalunya in 1913 and the Spanish National Road Race Championships the same year. However, his career was cut short not long after due to the start of World War I.

1913 Volta a Catalunya
The 1913 Volta a Catalunya was the third edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 September to 8 September 1913. The race started and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Juan Martí.
Leeds Cup
The Leeds Cup is a golf tournament that has been played annually in northern England since 1902. The event is organised by the north region of the Professional Golfers' Association. It is the oldest trophy in professional golf that is still played for. The Tooting Bec Cup is older, having been first played for in 1901, but is no longer contested.

The Leeds Challenge Cup was first contested in May 1902 at Leeds Golf Club. The trophy was presented by Alderman Penrose-Green, Lord Mayor of Leeds and President of Leeds Golf Club to be competed for annually by professional golfers. Harry Vardon was the first winner. 2015 marked the 100th staging of the event.

Tooting Bec Cup
The Tooting Bec Cup is a trophy currently awarded by the Professional Golfers' Association of Great Britain and Ireland to the association member born in, or with a parent or parents born in, the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland who returns the lowest single-round score in The Open Championship.

Inaugurated in 1901 the Tooting Bec Challenge Cup was originally a separate competition. From 1910 it was awarded to the winner of a southern section qualifying competition for a major tournament and then since 1924 it has been awarded to the best round in The Open Championship by a British or Irish member of the PGA. It is the PGA's oldest trophy, predating the northern section's Leeds Cup which was first contested in 1902.
Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis
The Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis is a training school for Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) intelligence analysts located in Reston, Virginia. Opened in May 2000, the school is housed on the second floor of a five-story structure of polished brick and smoked glass that is sheathed with special materials and contains sensors designed to prevent eavesdropping from outside. The school's study area is nicknamed "The Vault" due to the presence of numerous locks, alarms and guards.

The school serves as the CIA Directorate of Intelligence's component of CIA University, a CIA-wide training program founded in 2002 in response to changing intelligence needs following the September 11 attacks. Courses include foreign languages, regional studies, satellite image analysis, wiretap transcript analysis, and media report analysis.

The school is named for Sherman Kent, a Yale University history professor and CIA officer who pioneered many methods of intelligence analysis.

CIA University
CIA University (CIAU) is the primary education facility of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Founded in 2002 and located in Chantilly, Virginia, the school holds courses on various intelligence-related subjects, ranging from chemical weapons manufacturing to foreign languages. Students include CIA new hires, experienced officers, support staff, and individuals from other U.S. intelligence agencies. CIAU does not issue degrees.
New Zealand Symphony Orchestra
The New Zealand Symphony Orchestra (NZSO) is a symphony orchestra based in Wellington, New Zealand. The national orchestra of New Zealand, the NZSO is an autonomous Crown entity owned by the New Zealand Government, per the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra Act 2004. It is currently based in the Michael Fowler Centre and frequently performed in the adjacent Wellington Town Hall before it was closed in 2013. It also performs in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin.

Michael Fowler Centre
The Michael Fowler Centre is a concert hall and convention centre in Wellington, New Zealand. It was constructed on reclaimed land next to Civic Square, and is the pre-eminent concert site in central Wellington.

Commissioned in 1975, building began in 1980; the centre officially opened on 16 September 1983. It was designed by Miles Warren and Maurice Mahoney of Warren and Mahoney, with acoustic assistance from Professor A. Harold Marshall, formerly the Head of Auckland University's Acoustics Research Centre. It is named after the primary promoter of its construction, Sir Michael Fowler, at the time the mayor of Wellington. The auditorium seats 2210 people during a concert, and 1035 during a classroom type event.
Sama River
Sama River is a river on the Pacific slope, located on the southern coast of Peru,  in the department of Tacna. It is born in the Cotanvilque lagoon located in the Andean peaks south of the western mountain range of the Peruvian Andes in the province of Tarata, between the Contanvilque and Cauchina hills, and runs from east to west crossing the coastal desert of Peru to its mouth in the Mar de Grau, located in the province of Tacna.

Tarata province
Tarata is a province of the department of Tacna, Peru. It is located in the country's south, on the border with Bolivia. From 1880 to 1925, the province was administered by Chile following the War of the Pacific.
Operation Border Stone
Operation Border Stone, also known as Operation Kamen (Czech: Akce Kámen) was an operation of the intelligence services of the Czechoslovak Republic during the Cold War, lasting from 1948 to 1951. According to some sources, the operation continued until 1958. Its goal was to capture citizens who attempted to defect from socialist Czechoslovakia to West Germany, across the Iron Curtain. The plan was initiated in the aftermath of the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'etat, in which the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, with Soviet backing, seized control of the government of Czechoslovakia.

Protection of Czechoslovak borders during the Cold War
The protection of borders between the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR) and several of the Western Bloc countries of Western Europe, namely with Germany and Austria, in the Cold War era and especially after 1951, was provided by special troops of the Pohraniční Stráž (lit. 'the Border Guard') and a system of engineer equipment which created the real "Iron Curtain". The purpose was to prevent citizens of the Eastern Bloc escaping to the West, although official reports stated it was to keep the enemy's spies and saboteurs out of Czechoslovakia. The border system of Czechoslovakia was not as elaborate and fortified as that of the Inner German border or the Berlin Wall, but it was considered difficult to cross the border undetected.
Aryan FC
Aryan Football Club (Bengali: এরিয়ান ফুটবল ক্লাব) (also known as Aryans and Aryan; and Techno Aryan Football Team for sponsorship reasons) is an Indian professional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal, known predominantly for its association football section. The club competes in the Calcutta Football League, the oldest football league in Asia.

Founded in 1884 as "Aryan Sports Club", it started playing football some years later, making it one of Asia's oldest football clubs. It plays home matches at the East Bengal-Aryan Ground.

Calcutta Football League
The Calcutta Football League (CFL) is a ladder-based football competition in the Indian state of West Bengal, organised by the Indian Football Association (WB) as part of the state leagues. It is the oldest football league in Asia.

The CFL is divided into CFL Premier Division, CFL 1st Division, CFL 2nd  Division, CFL 3rd Division, CFL 4th Division, CFL 5th  Division A, and CFL 5th Division B with promotion and relegation between them. CFL has more than 160 mostly Kolkata-based clubs and units. Started in 1898, this league is the oldest football league in Asia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world. CFL currently consists of a seven-tier pyramid system, with more than 8,500 directly registered players of IFA participating in CFL every year, making it one of the biggest leagues in the country.
The Ascendicate
The Ascendicate, originally known as The 7 Method is a Christian metal band from High Point, North Carolina. The band formed in 1999, but went on hiatus in 2012. The band put out tracks of one of their albums, which fell into the hands of Jimmy Ryan (Haste the Day, Trenches) and Ryan Clark (Demon Hunter, Training for Utopia), and the band signed to Solid State Records. They have shared stages with Staple, Extol, Alien Ant Farm, Disciple, Project 86, and Pillar. Guitarist Ryan Helm joined Demon Hunter, and then formed Damien Deadson.

Ryan Helm
Ryan Helm (born July 24, 1982) is an American heavy metal musician from Nevada, Missouri. He is best known as the former rhythm guitarist of the band Demon Hunter. He currently resides in Winston-Salem, North Carolina where he also owns and operates Helm's Deep recording studio.
Mark Tilden
Mark W. Tilden is a robotics physicist who produces complex robotic movements from simple analog logic circuits, often with discrete electronic components, and usually without a microprocessor. He is controversial because of his libertarian Tilden's Laws of Robotics, and is known for his invention of BEAM robotics and the WowWee Robosapien humanoid robot.

RoboSapien
RoboSapien is a toy-like biomorphic robot designed by Mark Tilden and produced by WowWee toys. Released in 2004, the Robosapien is preprogrammed with moves, and also can be controlled by an infrared remote control included or by a PDA. The product sold over 1.5 million units between April and December 2004, and was named "Toy of the Year" by the Toy Retailers Association.
Soul Lost Companion
Soul Lost Companion is the sixth studio album by Australian rock singer-songwriter, Mark Lizotte, and issued under his birth name. Otherwise he generally uses his stage names, Diesel, Johnny Diesel or Johnny Diesel and the Injectors. It appeared in September 1999, which peaked at No. 18 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It provided two singles, "Dig" (August 1999) and "Satellite" (November). Lizotte toured Australia from August to December promoting the album, sharing stages with Taxiride.

Diesel (musician)
Mark Denis Lizotte (born 31 May 1966) is an American-born Australian singer-songwriter and musician, who has released material under the name Diesel, Johnny Diesel, as leader of band Johnny Diesel & the Injectors, and as a solo performer, as well as under his birth name. Two of his albums reached No. 1 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Albums Charts, Hepfidelity in 1992 and The Lobbyist in 1993.

Since 1987, Lizotte, has played on several albums by his brother-in law, Australian rock singer, Jimmy Barnes. Although better known as a singer-songwriter and guitarist, Lizotte is also competent on bass guitar, drums, percussion and keyboards; and has also produced an album by Richard Clapton and one by Vika and Linda Bull. He has won six ARIA Music Awards with three for 'Best Male Artist' in 1993, 1994 and 1995.