hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Koto (kana)
Koto (hiragana: , katakana: ヿ) is one of the Japanese kana. It is a polysyllabic kana which represents two morae. Both the hiragana and katakana forms represent [koto].  is a combination (ligature) of the hiragana graphs of ko (こ) and to (と), while ヿ originates from the Chinese character 事.

The katakana koto is as a shorthand used in shinkatakana (真片仮名) (an obsolete writing style that exclusively used katakana instead of hiragana).

Ko (kana)
Ko (hiragana: こ, katakana: コ) is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represents one mora. Both represent IPA: [ko]. The shape of these kana comes from the kanji 己.

This character may be supplemented by a dakuten; it becomes ご in hiragana, ゴ in katakana and go in Hepburn romanization. Also, the pronunciation is affected, transforming into [ɡo] in initial positions and varying between [ŋo] and [ɣo] in the middle of words.

A handakuten (゜) does not occur with ko in normal Japanese text, but it may be used by linguists to indicate a nasal pronunciation [ŋo].
Qiaoxiang
Qiaoxiang (侨乡, literally 'hometown of overseas Chinese'), is a Chinese ceremonial title that refers to regions (mostly categorized at county-level) in China with significant overseas communities, or have a long history and tradition of emigration abroad.

The classification of a qiaoxiang is generally irrespective of provincial provenance, however, Guangdong and Fujian in particular have some of the most well-established overseas Chinese communities both in their size and influence, whereas many counties in provinces like Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hainan, and Northern province of Shandong are also renowned for being homes to various Chinese diasporic groups across the world.

Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people or the Chinese diaspora are a diaspora people of Chinese origin who reside outside Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan). As of 2011, there were over 40.3 million overseas Chinese. As of 2023, there were 10.5 million people living outside mainland China who were born in mainland China, corresponding to 0.7 percent of China's population. Overall, China has a low percent of its population living overseas.
Ann Cary Randolph Morris
Ann Cary Randolph Morris (September 16, 1774 – May 28, 1837) was the daughter of Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. and the wife of Gouverneur Morris. Books have been written about the scandal in which she was embroiled in central Virginia as a young woman after the death of her fiancé. After she married Gouverneur Morris in New York, she regained much of her favorable social prominence until he died in 1816. She was devoted to their son, Gouverneur Morris Jr. (1813–1888), whom she called her "richest treasure.” They lived at Morrisania (in what is now the Bronx). He had the St. Ann's Episcopal Church in Bronx built in her memory.

Thomas Mann Randolph Sr.
Thomas Mann Randolph Sr. (1741–November 13, 1793) was a Virginia planter and politician who served in the Virginia House of Burgesses, the Revolutionary conventions of 1775 and 1776, and both houses of the Virginia state legislature following the American Revolutionary War. Orphaned as a young boy, Randolph became the ward of Peter Jefferson before he inherited Tuckahoe plantation when he came of age. He was raised alongside future President Thomas Jefferson and later purchased Salisbury house, which Randolph used as a hunting lodge. He married twice and had 15 children, 13 with his first wife and cousin, Anne Cary.
Tuen Mun New Town
Tuen Mun New Town (formerly Castle Peak New Town), commonly referred to simply as Tuen Mun, is a satellite town of Hong Kong. It is one of the new towns that were developed by the Hong Kong Government in the New Territories from the 1960s. It was built around the existing rural local centre of Tuen Mun (a.k.a. Castle Peak), which has since been referred to as the Tuen Mun Kau Hui‌ and the Tuen Mun San Hui. The new town covers most of the urban area of Tuen Mun District.

The model of development is quite similar to Sha Tin New Town, with town centre built in the middle. While the southern parts of the town is similar to Tai Po New Town.

San Hui
Tuen Mun San Hui (Chinese: 屯門新墟) more commonly known as just San Hui (新墟) is an area of Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong and is a major food market and commercial quarter in the district. In urban planning, it is part of Tuen Mun New Town (Tuen Mun).
The Bachelorette (American TV series) season 9
The ninth season of The Bachelorette premiered on May 27, 2013. This season features 27-year-old Desiree Hartsock, a bridal stylist from Northglenn, Colorado. Hartsock finished in fourth place on season 17 of The Bachelor featuring Sean Lowe.

The final episode aired on August 5, 2013, with Hartsock accepting a proposal from 27-year-old mortgage broker Chris Siegfried. They married January 18, 2015, and currently live in Portland, Oregon with their three sons, Asher, Zander, and Noah.

The Bachelor (American TV series) season 17
The seventeenth season of The Bachelor premiered on January 7, 2013. This season features 28-year-old Sean Lowe, a former Kansas State football player from Irving, Texas.

Lowe finished in third place on the eighth season of The Bachelorette featuring Emily Maynard. The season concluded on March 11, 2013, with Lowe choosing to propose to 26-year-old graphic designer Catherine Giudici. Lowe and Giudici married in January 2014, and currently live in Dallas, Texas with their two sons, Isaiah and Samuel, and daughter, Mia.
Le Chiffre
Le Chiffre (French: [lə ʃifʁ], 'The Cypher' or 'The Digit') is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Ian Fleming's 1953 James Bond novel, Casino Royale. On screen Le Chiffre has been portrayed by Peter Lorre in the 1954 television adaptation of the novel for CBS's Climax! anthology television series, by Orson Welles in the 1967 spoof of the novel and Bond film series, and by Mads Mikkelsen in the 2006 film version of Fleming's novel where he is one of two main antagonists, the other being Mr. White (Jesper Christensen).

Fleming based the character on occultist Aleister Crowley.

Casino Royale (Climax!)
"Casino Royale" is a live 1954 television adaptation of the 1953 novel by Ian Fleming. An episode of the American dramatic anthology series Climax!, the show was the first screen adaptation of a James Bond novel, and stars Barry Nelson, Peter Lorre, Linda Christian, and Michael Pate. Though he is based on the literary Bond, Nelson's character is played as an American spy working for the "Combined Intelligence Agency".

Most of the largely forgotten show was uncovered by film historian Jim Schoenberger in 1981, with the ending (including credits) found later. Both copies are black and white kinescopes, but the original live broadcast was in color. The episode has since lapsed into the public domain in the United States and countries that apply the rule of the shorter term due to not having its copyright renewed.
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica; Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, romanized: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (Serbian: Друштво србске словесности, ДСС, romanized: Društvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS).

The Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo Andrić, Leopold Ružička, Vladimir Prelog, Glenn T. Seaborg, Mikhail Sholokhov, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Peter Handke as well as, Josif Pančić, Jovan Cvijić, Branislav Petronijević, Vlaho Bukovac, Mihajlo Pupin, Nikola Tesla, Milutin Milanković, Mihailo Petrović-Alas, Mehmed Meša Selimović, Danilo Kiš, Paja Jovanović, Dmitri Mendeleev, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Jacob Grimm, Antonín Dvořák, Henry Moore and many other scientists, scholars and artists of Serbian and foreign origin.

Society of Serbian Letters
Society of Serbian Letters (Serbian: Дружтво србске словесности, ДСС, romanized: Družtvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS), founded in 19 November 1841 and confirmed by the seal and signature of prince Mihailo Obrenović.
Zamia skinneri
Zamia skinneri is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the coastal area of mainland Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. Its common name is cebolla roja.

This has long been considered to be a variable plant that was likely a species complex, with individuals actually belonging to several undescribed species. In 2008 some populations were studied, characterized as new species, and renamed Zamia hamannii, Zamia imperialis, and Zamia nesophila. This recategorization reduced the size of the population of actual Z. skinneri to fewer than 500.

Zamia nesophila
Zamia nesophila, common name "guade teet", is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to several islands in northwestern Panama. Most plants grow on sandy beaches close to the sea, although some grow inland in forests. The species is critically endangered due to seaside development.
Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (East Orange, New Jersey)
Holy Sepulchre Cemetery is located in East Orange and Newark, New Jersey. The Garden State Parkway runs through the two halves of the cemetery (exit 144 and exit 145, respectively). The cemetery was established in 1859 and is maintained by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.

Contrary to popular belief, when the Parkway was constructed in the 1950s, not a single grave was relocated by its construction. Only later was the land west of the Parkway added. Basically, the Parkway ran in the bed of the old Oraton Parkway. Multiple articles mistakenly share that hundreds of graves had to be moved prior to construction. Both sides of the cemetery are visible to drivers on the Parkway today.

Archdiocese of Newark
The Archdiocese of Newark (Latin: Archidiœcesis Novarcensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in northeastern New Jersey in the United States.

The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Newark. Cardinal Joseph Tobin has been the archbishop of Newark since 2017.
Sinatra Doctrine
The Sinatra Doctrine was a Soviet foreign policy under Mikhail Gorbachev for allowing member states of the Warsaw Pact to determine their own domestic affairs. The name humorously alluded to the song "My Way" popularized by Frank Sinatra—the Soviet Union was allowing these states to go their own way. Its implementation was part of Gorbachev's doctrine of new political thinking.

New political thinking
New political thinking (Russian: Новое политическое мышление), or simply new thinking (Russian: Новое мышление) was the doctrine put forth by Mikhail Gorbachev as part of his reforms of the Soviet Union. Its major elements were de-ideologization of international politics, abandoning the concept of class struggle, priority of universal human interests over the interests of any class, increasing interdependence of the world, and mutual security based on political rather than military instruments. The doctrine constituted a significant shift from the previous principles of Soviet foreign policy.
The Defiant Agents
The Defiant Agents is  a science fiction novel by American writer Andre Norton, the third book in her Time Traders series. It was first published in 1962, and as of 2012, had been reprinted in ten editions with cover changes, as well as twice in a combined edition with Key Out of Time. It is part of Norton's Forerunner universe.

The Defiant Agents continues the series’ premise, an encounter between Western heroes, and the Russian Communists, and a mysterious alien race that has used time travel to alter Earth. Most interaction in this novel is in an American Indian-like setting.

Kirkus Reviews comments, “Andre Norton, a polished writer of science fiction, weaves [her] outlandish fare in patterns intricate enough to attract the most devoted addict. Do not try to contrive a consistent political allegory out of [her] flight into fantasy. This is pure science fiction ...”

Key Out of Time
Key Out of Time is a science fiction novel by American writer Andre Norton, set on the world, Hawaika, that appears to be a tropical paradise.

It is the fourth in Norton's series starts in The Time Traders, part of her Forerunner universe, and continues the series’ premise: A hostile encounter between Western heroes, and the Russian Communists, and the Baldies – a mysterious alien race that used time travel to alter Earth. In the previous novel, The Defiant Agents, events are treated as a Time Agent failure – but re-read that novel for a different interpretation.
Treaty of Zürich
The Treaty of Zurich was signed by the Austrian Empire, the French Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia on 10 November 1859. The agreement was a reaffirmation of the terms of the preliminary 
peace of Villafranca, which brought the Austro-Sardinian War to an official close. The treaty actually consisted of three separate treaties – a treaty between France and Austria, which reaffirmed the terms of the preliminary peace, re-established peace between the two emperors, and ceded Lombardy to France.  A second treaty, between France and Sardinia, saw France cede Lombardy to Sardinia.  The third treaty, signed by all three powers, re-established a state of peace between Austria and Sardinia.

In the French-Austrian treaty, both countries agreed to work towards a confederation of Italian states, including Venice, under the honorary presidency of the Pope (art. 18), which never happened.

Armistice of Villafranca
The Armistice of Villafranca, concluded by Napoleon III of France and Franz Joseph I of Austria on July 11, 1859, set the stage for the end of the Second Italian War of Independence.

It was the consequence of a unilateral decision by France, which, at war alongside the Kingdom of Sardinia against Austria, needed to conclude peace because of the danger of the conflict spreading to Central Europe.

The armistice of Villafranca caused the resignation of Piedmontese Prime Minister Cavour, who considered it a violation of the Sardinian-French treaty of alliance. The latter provided for the cession of the entire Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia to Piedmont, unlike the terms of the armistice, which stipulated the cession of Lombardy alone (in its current extent except the Province of Mantua).

The armistice, which King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia also signed on July 12, was ratified by the Treaty of Zürich of November 1859.
Quadrangle (Springfield, Massachusetts)
The Quadrangle is the common name for a cluster of museums and cultural institutions in Metro Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, on Chestnut Street between State and Edwards Streets.

The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden, in the center of the Quadrangle, is surrounded by a park, a library, five museums, and a cathedral. A second cathedral is just on the Quadrangle's periphery.

Dr. Seuss Memorial
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden is a sculpture garden at the Quadrangle in Springfield, Massachusetts, which honors Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, who was born in Springfield in 1904. The monument was designed by Lark Grey Diamond-Cates, the author's stepdaughter, and created by sculptor and artist Ron Henson.
Rock Island Islanders
The Rock Island Islanders was the primary name of the minor league baseball teams based in Rock Island, Illinois, one of the Quad Cities, between 1892 and 1937. Rock Island teams played as members of the Illinois–Iowa League (1892), Western Association (1894), Eastern Iowa League (1895), Western Association (1898–1899), Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League (Three-I League) (1901–1911), Central Association (1914), Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League (1916–1917, 1920–1921), Mississippi Valley League (1922–1933) and Western League (1934–1937).

The Rock Island Islanders were affiliates of the St. Louis Browns in 1932 and Cincinnati Reds in 1933.

Beginning in 1920, Rock Island played home games at Douglas Park, sharing the field with the Rock Island Independents, a charter National Football League franchise.

Rock Island Independents
The Rock Island Independents were a professional American football team, based in Rock Island, Illinois, from 1907 to 1926. The Independents were a founding National Football League franchise. They hosted what has been retrospectively designated the first National Football League game on September 26, 1920, at Douglas Park. The Independents were founded in 1907 by Demetrius Clements as an independent football club. Hence, the team was named the "Independents."

In 1926, the Independents left the NFL to become a charter member of the first American Football League, the only NFL team to do so. The Independents then folded along with the entire league in 1927.

Pro Football Hall of Fame alumni Jimmy Conzelman (1920–1921), Joe Guyon (1924), Ed Healey (1920–1922), Duke Slater (1922–1926), and Jim Thorpe (1924–1925) played for the Independents.

A second, unrelated, "Rock Island Independents" played at the Northwest Football League in 1936.
Hot Springs, Chang Chenmo Valley
Hot Springs (traditional name: Kyam) is a campsite and the location of an Indian border outpost in the Chang Chenmo River valley in Ladakh near the disputed border with China. It is so named because there is a hot spring at this location.  The Line of Actual Control near Kongka Pass is only 3 kilometres (2 mi) to the east.

Chang Chenmo River
Chang Chenmo River or Changchenmo River is a tributary of the Shyok River, part of the Indus River system. It is at the southern edge of the disputed Aksai Chin region and north of the Pangong Lake basin in Ladakh.

The source of Chang Chenmo is near the Lanak Pass in the Chinese-administered region of Jammu & Kashmir (as part of the Rutog County in Tibet). 
The river flows west from Lanak La. At the middle of its course lies the Kongka Pass, part of the Line of Actual Control between India and China passes. 
Continuing west, the river enters a deep gorge in the Karakoram Range until it joins the Shyok River in Ladakh.
Muhammad bin Nayef
Muhammad bin Nayef Al Saud (Arabic: محمد بن نايف آل سعود, romanized: Muḥammad bin Nāyif Āl Su‘ūd; born 30 August 1959), colloquially known by his initials MBN or MbN, is a Saudi Arabian former politician and businessman who served as the crown prince and first deputy prime minister of Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2017 and as the minister of interior from 2012 to 2017. Prince Muhammad is a grandson of the founding monarch, King Abdulaziz, and son of the former crown prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz. Muhammad and Nayef were the first father-son duo in Saudi history to serve as crown prince. Muhammad's uncle King Salman named him as crown prince on 29 April 2015. On 21 June 2017 the king appointed his own son, Mohammed bin Salman, as crown prince and relieved Muhammad bin Nayef of all positions. He has been in detention since 6 March 2020 along with his uncle Ahmed and his half-brother Nawwaf.

Nayef bin Abdulaziz
Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: نايف بن عبد العزيز آل سعود, Nāyif ibn ‘Abd al ‘Azīz Āl Su‘ūd; 9 October 1934 – 16 June 2012) was the crown prince of Saudi Arabia and deputy prime minister from October 2011 and the minister of interior from October 1975 until his death in June 2012.
Mankind (play)
Mankind is an English medieval morality play, written c. 1470. The play is a moral allegory about Mankind, a representative of the human race, and follows his fall into sin and his repentance. Its author is unknown; the manuscript is signed by a monk named Hyngham, believed to have transcribed the play.  Mankind is unique among moralities for its surprising juxtaposition of serious theological matters and colloquial (sometimes obscene) dialogue. Along with the morality plays Wisdom and The Castle of Perseverance, Mankind belongs to the collection of the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C., as a part of the Macro Manuscript (so named after 18th-century owner Cox Macro).

Morality play
The morality play is a genre of medieval and early Tudor drama.  The term is used by scholars of literary and dramatic history to refer to a genre of play texts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries that feature personified concepts (most often virtues and vices, but sometimes practices or habits) alongside angels and demons, who are engaged in a struggle to persuade a protagonist who represents a generic human character toward either good or evil.  The common story arc of these plays follows "the temptation, fall and redemption of the protagonist".
Great Wyrley
Great Wyrley /ˈwɜːrli/ is a village and civil parish in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England. It forms a built-up area with nearby Cheslyn Hay, Churchbridge, Landywood and Little Wyrley. It lies 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Walsall and a similar distance from Wolverhampton. Cannock is directly north of the village. It had a population of 11,060 at the 2011 census.

Cheslyn Hay
Cheslyn Hay is a village and civil parish in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England. It is 3 miles south of Cannock, 10 miles north of Walsall, 9 miles northeast of Wolverhampton, and 13 miles south of Stafford. The village forms a built-up area with the villages and areas of Great Wyrley, Landywood, and Churchbridge.
Redford ministry
The Redford Ministry was the combined Cabinet (called Executive Council of Alberta), chaired by fourteenth Premier Alison Redford, and Ministers that governed Alberta halfway through the fourth session of the 27th Alberta Legislature from October 7, 2011, to the early part of the second session of the 28th Alberta Legislature on March 23, 2014.

The Executive Council (commonly known as the cabinet) was made up of members of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party which holds a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.  The cabinet was appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta on the advice of the premier.  Members of the council are styled "the Honourable" only for the duration of their membership, not for life.

Executive Council of Alberta
The Executive Council of Alberta (the Cabinet) is a body of ministers of the Crown in right of Alberta, who along with the lieutenant governor, exercises the powers of the Government of Alberta. Ministers are selected by the premier and typically (but not always) sit as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). It is the provincial equivalent to the federal Cabinet of Canada.
Fantastic Story Quarterly
Fantastic Story Quarterly was a pulp science fiction magazine, published from 1950 to 1955 by Best Books, a subsidiary imprint of Standard Magazines, based in Kokomo, Indiana. The name was changed with the Summer 1951 issue to Fantastic Story Magazine.  It was launched to reprint stories from the early years of the science fiction pulp magazines, and was initially intended to carry no new fiction, though in the end every issue contained at least one new story.  It was sufficiently successful for Standard to launch Wonder Story Annual as a vehicle for more science fiction reprints, but the success did not last.  In 1955 it was merged with Standard's Startling Stories.  Original fiction in Fantastic Story included Gordon R. Dickson's first sale, "Trespass", and stories by Walter M. Miller and Richard Matheson.

Wonder Story Annual
Wonder Story Annual was a science fiction pulp magazine which was launched in 1950 by Standard Magazines.  It was created as a vehicle to reprint stories from early issues of Wonder Stories, Startling Stories, and Wonder Stories Quarterly, which were owned by the same publisher.  It lasted for four issues, succumbing in 1953 to competition from the growing market for paperback science fiction.  Reprinted stories included Twice in Time, by Manly Wade Wellman, and "The Brain-Stealers of Mars", by John W. Campbell.