hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bogislav IX
Bogislav IX (German: Bogislaw IX., Polish: Bogusław IX; 1407/1410 – 7 December 1446), was a duke of Pomerania in Pomerania-Stolp, whose residence was Stargard. In 1439 his first cousin Eric of Pomerania tried in vain to have him recognised as his heir to the Kalmar Union.

Bogislav was the son of Bogislav VIII, Duke of Pomerania, and Sophia of Holstein. On 24 June 1432, in Poznan, he married Maria of Masovia, daughter of Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia and Alexandra of Lithuania. They had daughters, Sophia, who married Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, and Alexandra, and at least one of unknown name.

During the Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435), Bogislav opposed the Teutonic Knights and supported the Kingdom of Poland. He was later involved in struggles related to Pomeranian bishops.

Upon his death in 1446, Bogislav IX was succeeded in Pomerania-Stolp by Eric of Pomerania, who ruled as "Erik I".

Erik of Pomerania
Erik of Pomerania (c. 1381/1382 – 24 September 1459) ruled over the Kalmar Union from 1396 until 1439. He was initially co-ruler with his great-aunt Margaret I until her death in 1412. Erik is known as Erik III as King of Norway (1389–1442), Erik VII as King of Denmark (1396–1439) and has been called Erik XIII as King of Sweden (1396–1434, 1436–39). Erik was ultimately deposed from all three kingdoms of the union, but in 1449 he inherited one of the partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania and ruled it as duke until his death in 1459. His epithet of Pomerania was a pejorative intended to insinuate that he did not belong in Scandinavia.
Exile (1988 video game)
Exile is a single-player action-adventure video game originally published for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron in 1988 by Superior Software and later ported to the Commodore 64, Amiga, CD32 and Atari ST, all published by Audiogenic. The game was designed and programmed by Peter Irvin (creator of Starship Command) and Jeremy Smith (creator of Thrust). It is often cited as one of the earliest examples of a Metroidvania game and featured "realistic gravity, inertia and object mass years before players understood the concept of a physics engine... an astounding level of AI, stealth-based gameplay, a logical ecosystem governing the world's creatures and a teleportation mechanic that feels startlingly like a predecessor to Portal".

Thrust (video game)
Thrust is a 1986 video game programmed by Jeremy C. Smith (who later co-authored Exile) for the BBC Micro and published by Superior Software. The player's aim is to manoeuvre a spaceship by rotating and thrusting, as it flies over a two-dimensional landscape and through caverns. The gameplay of Thrust was heavily inspired by Atari's Gravitar.

Thrust was ported to the Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, Atari 8-bit computers, Atari ST, Commodore 16/Plus 4, and ZX Spectrum. Firebird released a sequel, Thrust II, in 1988.
Thai Meteorological Department
The Thai Meteorological Department  (Abrv: TMD; Thai: กรมอุตุนิยมวิทยา, RTGS: Krom Utuniyom Witthaya) is the Thai governmental agency responsible for weather forecasting and monitoring. It is an agency of the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES). It maintains four meteorological centers: one each for the northern region, the northeastern region, and two in the southern region (eastern shore and western shore).

Ministry of Digital Economy and Society
The Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (Abrv: MDES; Thai: กระทรวงดิจิทัลเพื่อเศรษฐกิจและสังคม, RTGS: Krasuang Dichithan Phuea Setthakit Lae Sangkhom), formerly known as the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT), Thai: กระทรวงเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศและการสื่อสาร, is a cabinet ministry of Thailand. The MICT was established on 3 October 2002 by the Administrative Reorganisation Act, 2002. The new ministry was created as the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society by the Re-organization of Ministry, Bureau and Department Act, B.E. 2558.
NTV Kohalpur
NTV Kohalpur is a television channel in Nepal, with a focus on news. It is one of the four sister channels of Nepal Television, the country's state-controlled television broadcaster.

The station began broadcasting on 14 April 2017 (1st Baisakh 2074 BS).

Nepal Television
Nepal Television (Nepali: नेपाल टेलिभिजन), shortened to NTV is the Nepali national public state-controlled television broadcaster. It's accessible in four languages. It is the oldest and most watched television channel in Nepal. The news broadcast at 8:00 PM is the channel's most popular show, followed by comedy programmes such as Sakkigoni, Mundre Ko Comedy Club and Meri Bassai.

It also has four sister channels, NTV PLUS, NTV News, NTV Kohalpur and NTV Itahari, all owned by the Nepali government. The network started broadcasting in HD from 31 January 2019.

Several attempts are being made by media stakeholders to convert and transform NTV into a truly public broadcasting entity. NTV, being currently owned by the government, has lost its editorial independence and is accused of being a government mouthpiece. Nir Shah was the first chairman.

The iconic logo of Nepal Television was designed by artist Deepak Kumar Joshi.
Turbo equalizer
In digital communications, a turbo equalizer is a type of receiver used to receive a message corrupted by a communication channel with intersymbol interference (ISI). It approaches the performance of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) receiver via iterative message passing between a soft-in soft-out (SISO) equalizer and a SISO decoder. It is related to turbo codes in that a turbo equalizer may be considered a type of iterative decoder if the channel is viewed as a non-redundant convolutional code.  The turbo equalizer is different from classic a turbo-like code, however, in that the 'channel code' adds no redundancy and therefore can only be used to remove non-gaussian noise.

Equalization (communications)
In telecommunication, equalization is the reversal of distortion incurred by a signal transmitted through a channel. Equalizers are used to render the frequency response—for instance of a telephone line—flat from end-to-end. When a channel has been equalized the frequency domain attributes of the signal at the input are faithfully reproduced at the output. Telephones, DSL lines and television cables use equalizers to prepare data signals for transmission.

Equalizers are critical to the successful operation of electronic systems such as analog broadcast television. In this application the actual waveform of the transmitted signal must be preserved, not just its frequency content. Equalizing filters must cancel out any group delay and phase delay between different frequency components.
Azerbaijan–Russia relations
Russia and Azerbaijan are de facto and de jure allies in many different aspects, including military.
Bilateral relations exist between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation. The Embassy of Azerbaijan is located in Moscow, Russia. The Embassy of Russia is located in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Embassy of Azerbaijan, Moscow
The Embassy of Azerbaijan in Moscow is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Russian Federation. It is located at 16 Leontyevsky Lane (Russian: Леонтьевский переулок, 16) in the Presnensky District of Moscow.
Street v. New York
Street v. New York, 394 U.S. 576 (1969), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a New York state law making it a crime "publicly [to] mutilate, deface, defile, or defy, trample upon, or cast contempt upon either by words or act [any flag of the United States]" was, in part, unconstitutional because it prohibited speech against the flag.  The Court left for a later day the question of whether it is constitutional or unconstitutional to prohibit, without reference to the utterance of words, the burning of the flag (see Texas v. Johnson and United States v. Eichman).

United States v. Eichman
United States v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court case that by a 5–4 decision invalidated a federal law against flag desecration as a violation of free speech under the First Amendment. It was argued together with  United States v. Haggerty. It built on the Court's decision the prior year in Texas v. Johnson (1989), which invalidated on First Amendment grounds a Texas statute banning flag burning.
Becky Edwards (Utah politician)
Rebecca P. Edwards is politician and therapist who served as a member of the Utah House of Representatives from 2009 to 2018. Edwards was a candidate for the 2022 United States Senate election in Utah, challenging incumbent Senator Mike Lee in the Republican primary. On May 31, 2023, Edwards announced her candidacy in the 2023 Utah 2nd congressional district special election to replace U.S. representative Chris Stewart.  Edwards went on to narrowly lose the September 5th Republican primary to Celeste Maloy, a former staffer for Stewart.

Celeste Maloy
Celeste Maloy (born May 22, 1981) is an American politician and attorney serving as the U.S. representative for Utah's 2nd congressional district since 2023. 
A member of the  Republican Party, she previously served as chief legal counsel to U.S. Representative Chris Stewart and as the deputy county attorney for Washington County, Utah. Prior to her legal career, Maloy worked as a conservationist for the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Mr. Monster
Mr. Monster is a young adult horror novel by Dan Wells, published in 2010 by Tor Books and by Headline. It is the sequel to I Am Not a Serial Killer and the second book in the John Wayne Cleaver series. The book focuses on the dual threats of the conflict between John and his darker side, which he calls "Mr. Monster", as well as the emergence of a second serial killer in Clayton County. Reviewers have praised both the continuation of the series' plot and the depth found in John's characterization. The novel was the co-winner of the 2010 Whitney Award for Novel of the Year. It has been published in English, Spanish, French, Russian, Czech, and Croatian. An audiobook of the novel is available, narrated by Kirby Heyborne. The sequel to this book, I Don't Want to Kill You,  was released in March 2011.

I Don't Want to Kill You
I Don't Want to Kill You is a 2011 horror novel by Dan Wells published by Tor Books in the U.S. and Headline Publishing Group in the U.K. It is the third book in the John Wayne Cleaver series, following I Am Not a Serial Killer and Mr. Monster. It continues the story of the sixteen-year-old sociopath who has now killed two demons and summoned another to his small town; in this novel, John encounters new threats, a new relationship, and heartbreak as he works to protect his friends and family from these supernatural beings. Critical reception of I Don't Want to Kill You was mostly positive, and the book was awarded the 2011 Whitney Award for Best Novel of the Year. It has been published in English, Spanish, French, Croatian, and German. Kirby Heyborne narrates the audiobook version.
Henry M. Jackson Wilderness
The Henry M. Jackson Wilderness is a 103,297-acre (41,803 ha) designated wilderness area in the state of Washington, United States. The area lies adjacent to the southwest corner of the Glacier Peak Wilderness, northwest of Stevens Pass on U.S. Highway 2 and northeast of the town of Skykomish, Washington. Wild Sky Wilderness is located immediately southwest of the Henry M. Jackson Wilderness. While the wilderness straddles the Cascade Mountain Range, most of it is in the westside ecotype. The wilderness lies in parts of Snoqualmie, Mount Baker, and Wenatchee national forests.

Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest
The Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest in Washington is a National Forest extending more than 140 miles (230 km) along the western slopes of the Cascade Range from the Canada–US border to the northern boundary of Mount Rainier National Park. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, which has headquarter offices for this forest in Everett. Local ranger district offices are in North Bend and Skykomish.
Binnya Waru
Binnya Waru (Burmese: ဗညားဗရူး, pronounced [bəɲá bəjú]; Mon: ဗညားဗရောဝ်; c. 1418–1451) was the 12th king of the Hanthawaddy kingdom in Burma from 1446 to 1451. He was a nephew and adopted son of King Binnya Ran I after whom he succeeded to the Hanthawaddy throne. The king was known for his strict disciplinary rule. He reportedly liked to travel around the kingdom disguised as a commoner to observe the affairs firsthand, and meted out justice even to those who committed petty crimes. Binnya Waru was killed by his first cousin Binnya Kyan, son of King Binnya Dhammaraza, in 1451.

Binnya Ran I
Binnya Ran I (Mon: ပထမ ဗညာရာံ; Burmese: ပထမ ဗညားရံ, Burmese pronunciation: [pətʰəma̰ bəɲá jàɰ̃]; 1393–1446) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1424 to 1446. As crown prince, he ended the Forty Years' War with the rival Ava Kingdom in 1423. He came to the throne after poisoning his brother King Binnya Dhammaraza in 1424. As king, Binnya Ran largely kept his kingdom at peace for much of his 20-year reign when Ava was struggling to keep its territories intact. He pursued an opportunistic policy to keep Ava weak, helping Toungoo's rebellion against Ava between 1437 and 1442 during which he placed his son as the viceroy of Toungoo. When Ava reconquered Toungoo in 1442, he did not resume a large-scale war against Ava.
Dianne Durham
Dianne Patrice Durham (June 17, 1968 – February 4, 2021) was an American artistic gymnast. In 1983, she won the all-around senior title at the women's US National Championships, becoming the first African American athlete to do so. She was Béla and Márta Károlyi's first elite athlete in the United States, helping establish their coaching credentials outside of the state-sponsored program of their native Romania, and trained with Mary Lou Retton, who called Durham her "best competition". After injuries and competition stipulations prevented her from competing in the 1984 Summer Olympics, Durham retired from competition in 1985. She later ran the Skyline Gymnastics school in Chicago.

Mary Lou Retton
Mary Lou Retton (born January 24, 1968) is an American retired gymnast. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, she won a gold medal in the individual all-around competition, as well as two silver medals and two bronze medals, which earned her the Sports Illustrated Sportswoman of the Year award.

Retton's performance made her one of the most popular athletes in the United States. Her gold medal win was historic as Retton was the first American woman to win the all-around gold medal in Olympic gymnastics.
R.A.P. Ferreira
Rory Allen Philip Ferreira (born February 3, 1992), better known by his stage name R.A.P. Ferreira, formerly Milo (often stylized as milo) and Scallops Hotel, is an American rapper, poet, and producer from Kenosha, Wisconsin.

Ferreira received moderate popularity and a cult following after the release of his first two projects, I Wish My Brother Rob Was Here and Milo Takes Baths. He was noticed by rappers Busdriver and Open Mike Eagle, later going on his first tour with them and signing to their label, Hellfyre Club.

Ferreira's debut studio album, A Toothpaste Suburb, was released in September 2014. Due to challenges he had faced in the album's rollout, Ferreira subsequently founded his own record label, Ruby Yacht (stylized RBYT). He operates this label from his record store, Soulfolks Records, in Nashville, Tennessee.

Open Mike Eagle
Michael W. Eagle II (born November 14, 1980), better known by his pseudonym Open Mike Eagle, is an American rapper, record producer and comedian. Originally from Chicago, Illinois, he is now based in Los Angeles, California, where he is a member of the hip hop collective Project Blowed. He has also been a member of Thirsty Fish, Swim Team, and Cavanaugh.
State reform in Belgium
State reform, in the context of Belgium, is the ongoing process of seeking and finding constitutional and legal solutions to the problems and tensions in the different segments of the Belgian population, mostly between the Dutch-speakers of Flanders and the French-speakers of Wallonia. In general, Belgium has evolved from a unitary state to a federal state with communities, regions, and language areas.

Communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium
Belgium is a federal state comprising three communities and three regions that are based on four language areas. For each of these subdivision types, the subdivisions together make up the entire country; in other words, the types overlap.

The language areas were established by the Second Gilson Act, which entered into force on 2 August 1963. The division into language areas was included in the Belgian Constitution in 1970. Through constitutional reforms in the 1970s and 1980s, regionalisation of the unitary state led to a three-tiered federation: federal, regional, and community governments were created, a compromise designed to minimize linguistic, cultural, social, and economic tensions.
Anna Cohí
Anna Cohí Fornell (born 5 October 1988) is a visually impaired Spanish para-alpine Paralympic skier who competed at the 2006 Winter Paralympics and 2010 Winter Paralympics. Cohí is classified as a B3 competitor and skis with guide Raquel Garcia. She began skiing at the age of three and began World Championship competition in 2003 at age fifteen. Cohí has also competed in World Cup and European Cup events and has earned gold medals in the slalom and giant slalom competitions.

Raquel García
Raquel Garcia Borreguero (born 13 August 1986 in Talavera de la Reina) is a Spanish para-alpine guide skier from Huesca.  Working with Anna Cohí, she has competed in the European Cup, 2010 Winter Paralympics, and IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup. They have also participated in a Spanish national team training camp.
Macquarie Park, New South Wales
Macquarie Park (/məˈkwɒri/) is a suburb in the Northern Sydney region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Macquarie Park is located 13 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Ryde.

Macquarie Park was part of the suburb of North Ryde until it was gazetted as a suburb in its own right on 5 February 1999, and many businesses still use North Ryde as the address. Both suburbs share the 2113 postcode, but Macquarie University, which is located at the northern part of the suburb, has its own postcode of 2109.

Macquarie University
Macquarie University (/məˈkwɒri/ mə-KWORR-ee) is a public research university in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the Sydney metropolitan area.

Established as a verdant university, Macquarie has four faculties, as well as the Macquarie University Hospital, which are on the university's main Wallumattagal campus in the suburb of Macquarie Park.

The university is the first in Australia to fully align its degree system with the Bologna Accord.
David Huntley
Dave Huntley (1956 – December 18, 2017) was a Canadian lacrosse player and head coach and general manager with the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League. Huntley played collegiate lacrosse at Johns Hopkins University where he helped his team win two national championships.  In 1979, Huntley was honored with the McLaughlin Award, which is presented annually to the nation's most outstanding college lacrosse midfielder. His son, Kevin Huntley, was also an All-American at Johns Hopkins. Huntley was also the first ever head coach for the Toronto Nationals. David Huntley died December 18, 2017, after suffering a heart attack while attending a box lacrosse game in Delray Beach, Florida.

Kevin Huntley (lacrosse)
Kevin Huntley (born September 20, 1986) is a professional lacrosse player with the Toronto Nationals of Major League Lacrosse and the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League. He plays the attack position.  Huntley played collegiate lacrosse at Johns Hopkins University where he helped his team win two national championships, and finished his college career as the eighth all-time leading goal scorer in Johns Hopkins history.  His father, Dave Huntley, was also an All-American at Johns Hopkins.  In 2008, Huntley was named Major League Lacrosse Rookie of the Year.
Bit nibbler
A bit nibbler, or nibbler, is a computer software program designed to copy data from a floppy disk one bit at a time. It functions at a very low level directly interacting with the disk drive hardware to override a copy protection scheme that the floppy disk's data may be stored in.  In most cases the nibbler software still analyses the data on a byte level, only looking to the bit level when dealing with synchronization marks (syncs), zero-gaps and other sector & track headers.  When possible, nibblers will work with the low-level data encoding format used by the disk system, being Group Coded Recording (GCR - Apple, Commodore), Frequency Modulation (FM - Atari), or Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM - Amiga, Atari, IBM PC).

Copy protection
Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any measure to enforce copyright by preventing the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media.

Copy protection is most commonly found on videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, HD-DVDs, computer software discs, video game discs and cartridges, audio CDs and some VCDs. It also may be incorporated into digitally distributed versions of media and software.

Some methods of copy protection have also led to criticism because it caused inconvenience for paying consumers or secretly installed additional or unwanted software to detect copying activities on the consumer's computer.
SISDE
Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Democratica (Intelligence and Democratic Security Service), was the domestic intelligence agency of Italy.

With the reform of the Italian Intelligence Services approved on 1 August 2007, SISDE was replaced by AISI.

Italian intelligence agencies
Italian intelligence agencies are the intelligence agencies of Italy. Currently, the Italian intelligence agencies are the Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Esterna (AISE), focusing on foreign intelligence, and the Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna (AISI), focusing on internal security. They form part of the Department of Information for Security, which in turn is part of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. The agencies have been reorganized multiple times since the birth of the Italian Republic in 1946 to attempt to increase effectiveness.
Rusa I
Rusa I (ruled: 735–714 BC) was a King of Urartu. He succeeded his father, king Sarduri II. His name is sometimes transliterated as Rusas or Rusha. He was known to Assyrians as Ursa (which scholars have speculated is likely a more accurate pronunciation of the name) and possibly Urzana. His birth name may have been Uedipri.

Rusa I built the fortress of Rusahinili (Rusa-hinili, city of Rusa), modern Toprakkale, located near the modern city of Van in eastern Turkey.

Sarduri II
Sarduri II (ruled: 764–735 BC) was a King of Urartu, succeeding his father Argishti I to the throne.  The Urartian Kingdom was at its peak during his reign, campaigning successfully against several neighbouring powers, including Assyria.