hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Context awareness
Context awareness refers, in information and communication technologies, to a capability to take into account the situation of entities, which may be users or devices, but are not limited to those. Location is only the most obvious element of this situation. Narrowly defined for mobile devices, context awareness does thus generalize location awareness. Whereas location may determine how certain processes around a contributing device operate, context may be applied more flexibly with mobile users, especially with users of smart phones. Context awareness originated as a term from ubiquitous computing or as so-called pervasive computing which sought to deal with linking changes in the environment with computer systems, which are otherwise static. The term has also been applied to business theory in relation to contextual application design and business process management issues.

Location awareness
Location awareness refers to devices that can determine their location. Navigational instruments provide location coordinates for vessels and vehicles. Surveying equipment identifies location with respect to a well-known location wireless communications device.

The term applies to navigating, real-time locating, and positioning support with global, regional or local scope. The term has been applied to traffic, logistics, business administration, and leisure applications. Location awareness is supported by navigation systems, positioning systems, and/or locating services.

Location awareness without the active participation of the device is known as non-cooperative locating or detection.
George Howard, Baron Howard of Henderskelfe
Major George Anthony Geoffrey Howard, Baron Howard of Henderskelfe, JP (22 May 1920 – 27 November 1984) was a British landowner, soldier, and peer from the aristocratic Howard family. He inherited Castle Howard, in Henderskelfe, Yorkshire, which he successfully preserved. Though much of his career was spent devoted to regional affairs, he served as Chairman of the BBC from 1980 to 1983.

Castle Howard
Castle Howard is an English country house in Henderskelfe, North Yorkshire, 15 miles (24 km) north of York. A private residence, it has been the home of the Carlisle branch of the Howard family for more than 300 years. Castle Howard has been used as a filming location in several films and television shows, including in Granada Television's 1981 television adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited and in a 2008 film adaptation.
Edwin Schwertner
Edwin Schwertner (11 February 1932 – 23 March 2016) was a German-Czech economist and party functionary of the Socialist Unity Party (SED).

Schwertner served as the head of the powerful Office of the Politburo during the latter half of the 1980s.

Departments of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
The approximately 40 departments of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) were the center of the policymaking of East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

The departments were assigned to around ten Central Committee Secretaries. Each department was headed by a department head and his deputy. Each department was in turn divided into sectors with sector heads, (political) employees and instructors. While the departments had around 1,000 employees in 1970, by 1987 there were already 2,000 employees.: 11 : 167

Only the Central Committee Secretaries had the authority to issue legally binding orders to the respective Ministry,: 98–100 : 97  but in practice, the department and sector heads made the decisions.: 73

During the Peaceful Revolution, the Presidium of the Party Executive of the SED-PDS dissolved the departments of the Central Committee of the SED, effective 31 December 1989.
Woodbridge Strikers
Woodbridge Strikers Soccer Club is a Canadian semi-professional soccer club based in Woodbridge, Ontario. The club was founded in 1976 as a youth soccer club and added its semi-professional club in League1 Ontario in 2014. The team plays home games at Vaughan Grove Park.

The club was one of the ten original founding men's teams in League1 Ontario, which was established in 2014, as well as one of eight original founding teams in the League1 Ontario women's division, which was established in 2015.

Ontario Premier League (women)
The Ontario Premier League (formerly League1 Ontario) is a semi-professional women's soccer league in Ontario, Canada. The league is sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association and the Ontario Soccer Association as a pro-am league in the Canadian soccer league system. The Ontario Premier League is part of Premier Soccer Leagues Canada, the national third tier with regional divisions, with equivalents in Alberta, British Columbia, the Prairies, and Quebec.

The women's division launched in 2015 with seven clubs and has grown to twenty clubs for the 2022 season. Beginning in 2024, the league became a three-tier league featuring promotion and relegation.
Umetha State
Umetha State (or Umeta) was a minor princely state during the British Raj in what is today Gujarat State India. It was administered by the Rewa Kantha Agency and then by the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency. and had a population of 5 356 and an area of 24  sq miles. It was part of the 26 Princely States making up the Pandu Mehwas, petty states placed under British protection between 1812 and 1825.

The state consisted of five villages in the Kaira District and nine villages in the Rewa Kantha Agency region. It was part of the 26 Princely States making up the Pandu Mehwas, petty states placed under British protection between 1812 and 1825.

Rewa Kantha Agency
Rewa Kantha was a political agency of British India, managing the relations (indirect rule) of the British government's Bombay Presidency with a collection of princely states. It stretched for about 150 miles between the plain of Gujarat and the hills of Malwa, from the Tapti River to the Mahi River crossing the Rewa (or Narmada) River, from which it takes its name.

The political agent, who was also District collector of the prant (British District) of the Panchmahal, resided at Godhra.
Table Island (South Shetland Islands)
Table Island is a conspicuous flat-topped, rocky island lying north of Greenwich Island and north-northwest of the Aitcho group on the west side of English Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The island is rising to over 150 metres (492 feet) and extending 1.4 by 1 kilometre (0.87 by 0.62 miles), with a surface area of 112 hectares (280 acres).  It is separated from Aitcho Islands to the south-southeast by the 1.9-kilometre (1.2-mile) wide Klimash Passage.

Turmoil Rock (62°21′17.9″S 59°47′02.5″W﻿ / ﻿62.354972°S 59.784028°W﻿ / -62.354972; -59.784028) is lying 1.32 kilometres (0.82 miles) southeast of Table Island and 1.65 km (1.03 mi) north-northeast of Morris Rock.  The area was visited by early-19th-century sealers.

The island was descriptively named by sealers from its shape, while the rock was descriptively named from the breakers it creates, following a survey from HMS Protector in 1967.

Aitcho Islands (South Shetland Islands)
The Aitcho Islands (‘Aitcho’ standing for ‘H.O.’ i.e. ‘Hydrographic Office’) are a group of minor islands on the west side of the north entrance to English Strait separating Greenwich Island and Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, which are situated between Dee Island to the south and Table Island to the north.  The group is separated from Dee Island and Sierra Island to the southwest by Villalón Passage (62°24′48.3″S 59°46′12.3″W﻿ / ﻿62.413417°S 59.770083°W﻿ / -62.413417; -59.770083).   The area was visited by early 19th century sealers operating from nearby Clothier Harbour.  During the austral summer the islands are often visited by Antarctic cruise ships with tourists who land to watch wildlife.

The islands were mapped in 1935 during the oceanographic investigations carried out by the Discovery Committee, and named after the Hydrographic Office of the UK Admiralty.  Some of the island names were given by Chilean Antarctic expeditions between 1949 and 1951.
Watkin Tench
Lieutenant-General Watkin Tench (6 October 1758 – 7 May 1833) was a British military officer who is best known for publishing two books describing his experiences in the First Fleet, which established the first European settlement in Australia in 1788. His two accounts, Narrative of the Expedition to Botany Bay and Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson provide an account of the arrival and first four years of the colony.

First Fleet
The First Fleet were eleven British ships which transported a group of settlers to mainland Australia, marking the beginning of the European colonisation of Australia. It consisted of two Royal Navy vessels, three storeships and six convict transports under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. On 13 May 1787, the ships, with over 1,400 convicts, marines, sailors, colonial officials, and free settlers onboard, left Portsmouth and travelled over 24,000 kilometres (15,000 mi; 13,000 nmi) and over 250 days before arriving in Botany Bay, New South Wales, on 18 January 1788. Governor Arthur Phillip rejected Botany Bay, choosing instead Port Jackson to the north as the site for the new colony; the Fleet arrived there on 26 January 1788. The Fleet established the Colony of New South Wales as a penal colony; the first British settlement in Australia.
Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, Villamelendro de Valdavia
The Church of Our Lady of the Assumption (Spanish: la iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción), is a Catholic church located in Villamelendro de Valdavia, Spain. Originally built in the early twelfth century, the church's architecture is designed in a baroque style.

Villamelendro de Valdavia
Villamelendro is a town belonging to the municipality of Villasila de Valdavia, in the region of Vega-Valdavia. It is located in the transition area between the Natural Park Montaña Palentina and the Tierra de Campos in the province Spain of Palencia (Castilla y León), on the upper side of the Triangle formed by Saldaña, Carrión de los Condes and Herrera de Pisuerga and located at the foot of the route Jacobea that linked San Vicente de la Barquera with Carrión de los Condes through the Royal way of La Valdavia.

It is on the right bank of the Valdavia River, joined by the road PP-2454 called camino vecinal (0.8 km) to the kilometre 21.2 of the provincial road P236.
Svitlana Shatalova
Svitlana Mykolayivna Shatalova (Ukrainian: Світлана Миколаївна Шаталова; born on 11 September 1983), is a Ukrainian political figure and who was the deputy governor of Odesa Oblast, who was serving to Serhiy Paraschenko until his resignation on 10 June. She served as the acting Governor of Odesa Oblast from 14 June to 11 October 2019.

Deputy Minister of Health of Ukraine (2020—2021).

Governor of Odesa Oblast
The governor of Odesa Oblast is the head of the executive branch of government for the Odesa Oblast of Ukraine.  The office of governor is an appointed position, with officeholders being appointed by the president of Ukraine, on recommendation from the prime minister, to serve a four-year term.

The official residence for the governor is located in Odesa. Due to the current Russo-Ukrainian war, since 24 February 2022, the governor of Odesa Oblast is officially called Head of the Odesa Regional Military Administration.
Larry Yung
Larry Yung Chi-kin or Rong Zhijian (Chinese: 榮智健; born 31 January 1942) is a Chinese businessman and the former chairman of CITIC Pacific, a Hong Kong–based conglomerate. According to Hurun Report, he was one of the wealthiest people in mainland China, with a personal net worth of US$2.9 billion as of 2013. He was in charge of CITIC Pacific when it made its first major loss in 20 years, $2 billion, due to speculation in FX accumulators. This exposed the lack of internal management controls, which subsequently resulted in a temporary suspension of CITIC Pacific shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and police raids at CITIC.

CITIC Limited
CITIC Limited (Chinese: 中國中信股份有限公司) is a conglomerate headquartered in Hong Kong. Its shares are listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and it is a constituent of the Hang Seng Index. 58% of its issued shares are owned by the Chinese state-owned CITIC Group.

It is principally engaged in financial services, resources and energy, manufacturing, engineering contracting, real estate and other businesses.
Oxford Martyrs
The Oxford Martyrs were Protestants tried for heresy in 1555 and burnt at the stake in Oxford, England, for their religious beliefs and teachings, during the Marian persecution in England.

The three martyrs were the Church of England bishops Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley and Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Martyrs' Memorial, Oxford
51°45′18″N 1°15′32″W﻿ / ﻿51.75509°N 1.25901°W﻿ / 51.75509; -1.25901

The Martyrs' Memorial is a stone monument positioned at the intersection of St Giles', Magdalen Street and Beaumont Street, to the west of Balliol College, Oxford, England. It commemorates the 16th-century Oxford Martyrs.
Scott Reardon
Scott Peter Reardon, OAM (born 15 May 1990) is an Australian Paralympic leg amputee sprinter and water skier. He won water skiing world championships in 2007 and 2009. He represented Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in athletics, winning a silver medal in the Men's 100 m T42. At the 2016 Rio Paralympics, he went one placing better to win the gold medal. Reardon has won the Men's 100 m T42 in three consecutive World Para Athletics Championships, from 2013 to 2017. He competed at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, his third games.

Vanessa Low
Vanessa Low OAM (born 17 July 1990) is a German-born Australian Paralympic athlete competing in T42 sprint and long jump events. Born in East Germany, she gained Australian nationality in June 2017.

In 2016, Low was the only actively competing female track athlete with two above-knee amputations of her legs. Despite the location of these amputations and despite her having to compete with athletes having one fully functional leg, she successfully made it to the finals of all of her sprint and long jump competitions at both the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London and the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio. In Rio she won the gold medal with a 4.93m world record distance in the T42 long jump and a silver medal in the T42 100m competition. This was repeated in the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo with the T63 long jump gold medal and world record even though she was classified T61.
Scarface Claw
Scarface Claw the "toughest Tom in town", is a fictional tom cat who features in the Hairy Maclary children's stories written by New Zealand author Lynley Dodd. A large, black cat with big yellow eyes and chunks missing from his ears, Scarface has a reputation as the "toughest Tom in town".

Slinky Malinki
Slinky Malinki is a fictional cat who features in the Hairy Maclary children's stories written by New Zealand author Lynley Dodd. Other characters who appear in the books include the Poppadum Kittens, a ginger cat named Butterball Brown, a Siamese cat named Pimpernel Pugh, a grey kitten named Greywacke Jones, a grey tabby cat named Mushroom Magee, a tiger cat named Grizzly MacDuff, and a rainbow lorikeet named Stickybeak Syd.
Liang Cheng
Liang Cheng KCMG KCVO (November 30, 1864 – February 3, 1917), courtesy name Liang Chentung, also known as Liang Pi Yuk, and later as Chentung Liang Cheng, was a Chinese ambassador to the United States during the Qing dynasty. He was primarily responsible for negotiating the return payment of all the US  share of the Boxer Indemnity for the establishment of Tsinghua University and the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program.

Boxer Protocol
The Boxer Protocol was a diplomatic protocol signed in China's capital Beijing on September 7, 1901, between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance that had provided military forces (including France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Japan, Russia, and the United States) as well as Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands, after China's defeat in the intervention to put down the Boxer Rebellion. The protocol is regarded as one of China's unequal treaties.
Eddy Goldfarb
Eddy Goldfarb (born Adolph Goldfarb; September 5, 1921) is an American toy inventor. The creator of over 800 toys, he is best known for inventing Yakity Yak Talking Teeth, Battling Tops, KerPlunk, Stompers, and Vac-U-Form. He is the subject of the award-winning short film Eddy's World.

Chattering teeth (toy)
Chattering teeth (sometimes called chattery teeth) are a wind-up toy invented by Eddy Goldfarb mimicking the bodily function of the same name. Goldfarb and Marvin Glass sold their design to novelty company H. Fishlove & Co., which released the toy as "Yakity Yak Talking Teeth" in 1949. Goldfarb's original design was awarded U.S. patent 2,504,679 from the U.S. Patent Office. As of 2004, a toy based on Goldfarb's specifications was still being produced by H. Fishlove & Co., now a division of Fun, Inc. (a manufacturer of magic trick and novelty items).

Some off-brand variants of the toy add anthropomorphic features such as eyes and feet. The light feet allow the toy to travel somewhat. A directed modification of this mechanism is employed in walking wind-up toys like the bowling ball in Tomy's Strolling Bowling (1987).
Epicephala spinula
Epicephala spinula is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, one of the most primitive groups of ditrysian "micromoths". Within its family, it belongs to the subfamily Gracillariinae. Even though it was first scientifically studied in 1929, for many decades the specimens of this moth were mistaken for the related  Australian species E. colymbetella, and their distinctness was only realized in 1986. It is found on the Marquesas Islands, where it occurs at least on Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou, and Fatu Hiva, and though little-known it is apparently not uncommon. The holotype specimen, a female, is USNM 100839.

Epicephala colymbetella
Epicephala colymbetella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the states of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia.

The larvae feed on Glochidion ferdinandi. They feed in the seed capsules.

The related E. spinula of the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) was for several decades erroneously included in the present species.
Niğde Province
Niğde Province (Turkish: Niğde ili) is a province in the southern part of Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 7,234 km2, and its population is 365,419 (2022) of which 170,511 live in the city of Niğde. The population was 348,081 in 2000 and 305,861 in 1990. Neighbouring provinces are Kayseri, Adana, Mersin, Konya, Aksaray and Nevşehir.

The province is surrounded on three sides by mountain ranges: the Taurus Mountains, Mount Hasan, and the Melendiz Mountains.

Nevşehir Province
Nevşehir Province (Turkish: Nevşehir ili) is a province in central Turkey with its capital in Nevşehir. Its area is 5,485 km2, and its population is 317,952 (2024). Its adjacent provinces are Kırşehir to the northwest, Aksaray to the southwest, Niğde to the south, Kayseri to the southeast, and Yozgat to the northeast. Nevşehir includes the area called Cappadocia – a tourist attraction in Turkey. The town of Göreme is also located in Nevşehir. Nevşehir was declared a World Peace City by the United Nations.

Cappadocia once included the area now covered by this province. This province is notable for the fairy chimneys of Göreme, the Ortahisar (middle fortress), and a number of old churches from the Byzantine period.
Elizabeth Crowley
Elizabeth S. Crowley (born November 27, 1977) is an American politician who is currently President and CEO of the Building Trades Employers’ Association. She was previously the New York City Council member for the 30th district from 2009 to 2017, representing the neighborhoods of Glendale, Maspeth, Middle Village, Ridgewood, and parts of Woodside and Woodhaven, in the borough of Queens. Crowley was both the first woman and first Democrat to hold the seat. Crowley was a 2021 candidate for Queens Borough President. She is a cousin of former U.S. Congressman Joseph Crowley.

Joe Crowley
Joseph Crowley (born March 16, 1962) is an American former politician who served as U.S. Representative from New York from 1999 to 2019 changing districts once in 2013. He was defeated by Democratic primary challenger Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in what was viewed as one of the biggest upsets of the 2018 midterm elections.

During his tenure, Crowley served as Chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2017 to 2019, as well as the local chairman of the Queens County Democratic Party from 2006 to 2019. He previously served in the New York State Assembly from 1987 to 1998 and as the U.S. representative for the 7th district from 1999 to 2013, when it was redistricted. After leaving Congress, he joined the Washington, D.C. lobbying and law firm Squire Patton Boggs. He left that firm in 2022 and joined the rival law firm Dentons.
Dan Ben-Amotz
Dan Ben-Amotz (Hebrew: דן בן אמוץ; April 13, 1924 – October 20, 1989) was an Israeli radio broadcaster, journalist, playwright, and author, as well as a former Palmach member. Despite having immigrated from Poland in 1938, he was often considered the epitome of the "Sabra", a native born Israeli Jew.

Palmach
The Palmach (Hebrew: פלמ״ח‎, acronym for פלוגות מחץ‎, Plugot Maḥatz, "Strike Phalanges/Companies") was the elite combined strike forces and sayeret unit of the Haganah, the main paramilitary organization of the Yishuv (pre-1948 Jewish community in Palestine) during the period of the British Mandate. The Palmach was established in May 1941. By the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, it consisted of over 2,000 men and women in three fighting brigades and auxiliary aerial, naval and intelligence units. With the creation of Israel's army, the three Palmach Brigades were disbanded. This and political reasons compelled many of the senior Palmach officers to resign in 1950.

The Palmach contributed significantly to Israeli culture and ethos, well beyond its military contribution. Its members formed the backbone of the Israel Defense Forces high command for many years, and were prominent in Israeli politics, literature and culture.
Dobova–Ljubljana Railway
The Dobova–Ljubljana Railway (Slovene: Železniška proga Dobova–Ljubljana) is a 114.7-kilometre (71.3 mi) long, double-tracked railway line in Slovenia, which is operated by Slovenske železnice Infrastruktura d.o.o. It is electrified with 3 kV DC from Ljubljana to Dobova and 25 kV AC from Dobova to the national border, where it connects to Croatian railway network, specifically the M101 line extending to Zagreb.

The railway line follows the Sava Valley and is integral part of Pan-European Corridor X, running from Salzburg through Ljubljana and Zagreb towards Skopje and Thessaloniki. It was the route of the Orient Express service from 1919 to 1977.

Pan-European Corridor X
The Corridor X is one of the pan-European corridors. It runs between Salzburg in Austria and Thessaloniki in Greece. The corridor passes through Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Greece. It has four branches: Xa, Xb, Xc, and Xd.

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development has given loans to support infrastructure improvements along Corridor X.
Tracy Gray
Tracy Gray is a Canadian politician and businesswoman who served as a member of Parliament (MP) representing the riding of Kelowna—Lake Country in the House of Commons from 2019 to 2025. A member of the Conservative Party, she was first elected to the 2019 federal election. She also served as a city councillor for Kelowna City from 2014 to 2018.

Kelowna City Council
Kelowna City Council is the governing body of the city of Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. The council consist of the mayor and eight elected city councillors who represent the city. Municipal elections are held every four years across the Province on the third Saturday of November.