hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bucherer reaction
The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite.  The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids.

C10H7-2-OH  +  NH3 ⇌   C10H7-2-NH2  +  H2O

The French chemist Robert Lepetit was the first to discover the reaction in 1898.  The German chemist Hans Theodor Bucherer (1869–1949) discovered (independent from Lepetit) its reversibility and its potential especially in industrial chemistry. Bucherer published his results in 1904 and his name is connected to this reaction. The organic reaction also goes by the name Bucherer-Lepetit reaction or (incorrectly) the Bucherer-Le Petit reaction.

The reaction is used to convert 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene into 7-amino-1-naphthol and 1-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid into 1-hydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid. It is also useful for transamination reactions of 2-aminonaphthalenes.

Aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids
Aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids are compounds with the composition C10H6(NH2)(SO3H), being derived from naphthalene (C10H8) substituted by an amino and sulfonic acid groups.  These compounds are colorless solids.  They are useful precursors to dyes.

Notes: Peri-acid dehydrates to the sultam.  Via the Bucherer reaction, heating periacid with anilinium salts gives the N-phenyl derivative, precursor to Acid Blue 113.
Noriyuki Abe
Noriyuki Abe (阿部 記之 (formerly 阿部 紀之), Abe Noriyuki) is a Japanese anime storyboard artist, sound director, and director. He worked at Studio Pierrot on anime series, such as Yu Yu Hakusho, Ninku, Flame of Recca, Great Teacher Onizuka, Bleach, and Boruto. He won the Animage Anime Grand Prix award in 1993 and 1994.

Ninku
Ninku (忍空, Ninkū) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kōji Kiriyama. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from June 1993 to September 1995, with its chapters collected in nine tankōbon volumes.

A 55-episode anime television series, produced by Fuji Television, Yomiko Advertising and Studio Pierrot, aired on Fuji TV between January 1995 and February 1996. A sequel manga, titled Ninku 2nd Stage: Story of Etonins, was serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Ultra Jump from September 2005 to September 2011, with its chapters collected in 12 tankōbon volumes.

The Ninku manga has had over 9 million copies in circulation.
305th Airborne Raider Infantry Battalion (Indonesia)
The 305th Airborne Raider Infantry Battalion (Indonesian: Batalyon Infanteri Para Raider 305/Tengkorak) is an Indonesian Army unit. It is one of the three Battalions of the Raiders in the 17th Airborne Raider Infantry Brigade, 1st Kostrad Infantry Division. This Infantry Battalion was established on September 7, 1949 in Bintaran Kulon, Yogyakarta.

Battalion Headquarters Raider 305 / Skull is in Desa Sirnabaya, Teluk Jambe Timur District, Karawang Regency.

17th Airborne Raider Infantry Brigade
The 17th Raider Infantry Brigade / Kujang I (abbreviated The 17th Raider Brigade / Kujang I) is a Brigade level unit in the 1st Kostrad Infantry Division, a branch of the Indonesian Army. The Raiders Brigade consists of three battalions:

Airborne Raider Infantry Battalion 305 / Skull (Karawang, West Java)

Airborne Raider Infantry Battalion 328 / Dirgahayu (Cilodong, Depok, West Java)

Airborne Raider Infantry Battalion 330 / Tri Dharma (Cicalengka, Bandung Regency, West Java).

The unit's Command Headquarters (Mako) "Brigadier Raider 17 / Kujang I" is located in Cijantung, East Jakarta. This brigade was established on May 20, 1966. This unit was previously named the 17th Para Raider Infantry Brigade / Kujang I.
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
The Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 (Pub. L. 113–5 (text) (PDF), H.R. 307, enacted March 13, 2013) is a law enacted by the 113th United States Congress.  The Act amends the Public Health Service Act in order to extend, fund, and improve several programs designed to prepare the United States and health professionals in the event of a pandemic, epidemic, or biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear accident or attack. The Act clarifies the authority of different American officials, makes it easier to temporarily reassign personnel to respond to emergency situations, and alters the process for testing and producing medical countermeasures.  The Act is focused on improving preparedness for any public health emergency.

Public Health Service Act
The Public Health Service Act is a United States federal law enacted in 1944. The full act is codified in Title 42 of the United States Code (The Public Health and Welfare), Chapter 6A (Public Health Service).
This Act provided a legislative basis for the provision of public health services in the United States.
Rutherford County, Tennessee
Rutherford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee. As of a 2023 estimate, the population was 367,101, making it the fifth-most populous county in Tennessee. A study conducted by the University of Tennessee projects Rutherford County to become the third largest county in Tennessee by population by 2050. Its county seat is Murfreesboro, which is also the geographic center of Tennessee. As of 2010, it is the center of population of Tennessee. Rutherford County is included in the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Murfreesboro, Tennessee
Murfreesboro is a city in Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States, and its county seat. The population was 152,769 at the 2020 census (estimated at 173,625 in 2025). Located 34 miles (55 km) southeast of downtown Nashville, it is part of the Nashville metropolitan area in Middle Tennessee.

Settled in 1811, Murfreesboro was the state capital of Tennessee from 1818 to 1826. Today, it is the largest suburb of Nashville and the sixth-most populous city in the state. The city is both the center of population and the geographic center of Tennessee. Since the 1990s, Murfreesboro has been Tennessee's fastest-growing major city and one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. Murfreesboro is home to Middle Tennessee State University, one of the largest undergraduate universities in the state.
Casnewydd Islwyn
Casnewydd Islwyn (Welsh for 'Newport [and] Islwyn'; listenⓘ) is a proposed six-member constituency of the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru) to be used for the 2026 Senedd election.

It was proposed following the 2026 review of Senedd constituencies, and will be a pairing of the two UK Parliament constituencies of Newport East and Newport West and Islwyn. It is to have a Welsh-only name.

2026 Senedd election
The 2026 Senedd election is due to be held on 7 May 2026 to elect 96 members to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru). It will be the seventh devolved general election since the Senedd (formerly the National Assembly for Wales) was established in 1999. It will also be the first election following reforms to the voting system, which increase the size of the Senedd from 60 members to 96, adopt a party-list voting system, reduce the number of constituencies to sixteen, and shorten its term from five years to four. The election will be held on the same day as local elections in England and elections to the Scottish Parliament.
Keeping Score (classical music)
Keeping Score was the San Francisco Symphony’s multi-year program designed to make classical music more accessible to people of all ages and musical backgrounds through television, the web, radio, DVDs, and in the classroom.

Keeping Score was anchored by a national PBS television series that debuted November 2, 2006; an interactive website, to explore and learn about music; a national radio series hosted by Michael Tilson Thomas that premiered on public radio stations in April 2007; documentary and live performance DVDs; and an education program for K-12 schools to integrate classical music into core subjects.  Its goals are to use media in its most public and accessible forms to show that classical music can speak to everyone and to instill a lifelong love of music.

San Francisco Symphony
The San Francisco Symphony, founded in 1911, is an American orchestra based in San Francisco, California. Since 1980 the orchestra has been resident at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in the city's Hayes Valley neighborhood. The San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra (founded in 1981) and the San Francisco Symphony Chorus (1972) are part of the organization. Michael Tilson Thomas became the orchestra's music director in 1995, and concluded his tenure in 2020 when Esa-Pekka Salonen took over the position.

Among the orchestra's awards and honors are an Emmy Award and 15 Grammy Awards in the past 26 years.
Chandra Kumar De
Chandra Kumar De (Bengali: চন্দ্রকুমার দে, romanized: Chôndrôkumar De; 1889–1946) was a writer and collector of medieval folklore and folk ballads of East Bengal villages, mostly in the Greater Mymensingh region which is now in Bangladesh. Today, he is an important folklore collector of Bengal, and his collected ballads are an important part of Bengali folk literature, they were published by University of Calcutta as Moimonshingho Gitika (1923) and Purbabanga Gitika (1923–1932), later published in English as Eastern Bengal Ballads.

Maimansingha Gitika
Maimansingha Gitika (Bengali: মৈমনসিংহ গীতিকা, lit. 'Mymensingh Ballads') is a collection of Bengali folk ballads originating from the eastern part of Mymensingh (present-day Netrokona), Bangladesh. The ballads were later published in English under the title Eastern Bengal Ballads. The songs were collected and edited by Dinesh Chandra Sen, and the collection was published by the University of Calcutta, together with another similar compilation, Purbabanga-gitika.
Léogâne Arrondissement
Léogâne (Haitian Creole: Leyogàn) is an arrondissement in the Ouest Department of Haiti. As of 2015, the population was 509,280 inhabitants. Postal codes in the Léogâne Arrondissement start with the number 62.

The arrondissement consists of the following communes:

Léogâne

Petit-Goâve

Grand-Goâve

Petit-Goâve
Petit-Goâve (French pronunciation: [pəti ɡɔav]; Haitian Creole: Ti Gwav) is a coastal commune in the Léogâne Arrondissement in the Ouest department of Haiti. It is located 68 kilometres (42 mi) southwest of Port-au-Prince. The town has a population of approximately 12,000 inhabitants.
Evangelical School of Smyrna
The Evangelical School (Greek: Ευαγγελική Σχολή officially Ἡ ἐν Σμύρνῃ Εὐαγγελική Σχολή) was a Greek educational institution established in 1733 in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire, now İzmir, Turkey. The school, initially an Orthodox Church-approved institution, attracted major figures of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. During the late 19th-early 20th century it became the most important Greek school in the city, possessing an archaeological museum, a natural science collection and a library, which contained some 50,000 volumes and 180 manuscripts. The Evangelical School ceased its operation in 1922 as a result of the Turkish capture of Smyrna, and was converted into the Namik Kemal High School.

Namık Kemal High School
Namık Kemal High School (Turkish: Namık Kemal Lisesi) is a public funded Anatolian high school in İzmir, Turkey. It was founded in 1853 as a rüştiye and became a lise in 1922. Located at the north of Kültürpark, it is a historic high school.
Meisei Chikara
Meisei Chikara (Japanese: 明生 力; born Meisei Kawabata (川畑 明生, Kawabata Meisei) on July 24, 1995) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Setouchi, Kagoshima. He debuted in sumo wrestling in July 2011 and made his makuuchi debut in July 2018.  His highest rank has been sekiwake. He wrestles for Tatsunami stable. Unusually for a top-class sumo wrestler, he uses his given name as his shikona.

Setouchi, Kagoshima
Setouchi (瀬戸内町, Setouchi-chō) is a town located primarily on Amami Ōshima, in Ōshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 1 October 2020, the town had an estimated population of 8,546 and a population density of 35.62 persons per km². The total area was 239.91 km².
Córdoba fighting dog
The Córdoba fighting dog (Spanish: viejo perro de pelea cordobés) was a type of dog indigenous to Córdoba, Argentina, that resulted from crossbreeding old mastiff types of unknown pedigree. They were purposely bred for the sport of dog fighting until the early 20th century. They became extinct after dog fighting became illegal in Argentina in 1954.

Dog fighting
Dog fighting is a type of blood sport that turns game and fighting dogs against each other in a physical fight, often to the death, for the purposes of gambling or entertainment to the spectators. In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights are often staged in garages, basements, warehouses, alleyways, abandoned buildings, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets. Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, dies, or jumps out of the pit. Sometimes dog fights end without declaring a winner; for instance, the dog's owner may call off the fight.

Dog fighting generates revenue from stud fees, admission fees, and gambling. Most countries have banned dog fighting, but it is still legal in some countries, such as Venezuela, Bangladesh, Japan and Albania. The sport is also popular in Russia.
Nelson Monument, Edinburgh
The Nelson Monument is a commemorative tower in honour of Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, located in Edinburgh, Scotland.  It is situated on top of Calton Hill, and provides a dramatic termination to the vista along Princes Street from the west. The monument was built between 1807 and 1816 to commemorate Nelson's victory over the French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and his own death at the same battle. In 1852 a mechanized time ball was added, as a time signal to shipping in Leith harbour. The time ball is synchronized with the One O'Clock Gun firing from Edinburgh Castle. The monument was restored in 2009.

The Royal Navy's White Ensign and signal flags spelling out Nelson's famous message "England expects that every man will do his duty" are flown from the monument on Trafalgar Day each year.

Time ball
A time ball is a large, wooden or metal ball that is dropped at a predetermined time of day.
Because precise timekeeping is essential to the determination of longitude at sea, time balls were principally erected to allow navigators aboard nearby ships to synchronize their marine chronometers with a reference time standard controlling the ball.
Time balls have been rendered obsolete by electronic time signals, but some are kept in operation as tourist attractions.
OFI Crete B.C.
OFI Crete B.C. (Greek: Ό.Φ.Η. K.A.E.) is a Greek professional basketball club that is located on the Greek island of Crete, in Heraklion. It is a part of the OFI Crete multi sports club. The club's full name is Club of Fans of Heraklion 1925 (Όμιλος Φιλάθλων Ηρακλείου 1925).

O.F.I. (sports club)
O.F.I. (full name Omilos Filathlon Irakliou/ Greek: Όμιλος Φιλάθλων Ηρακλείου) is a Greek multi-sport club based in Heraklion, Crete. It is commonly known as OFI Crete. It was founded in 1925 and it has teams in football, basketball, volleyball, water polo, athletics and other sports. The most successful team of the club is the football team which is the only department which has won a Panhellenic title, one Greek Football Cup. The team's colours are black and white.
MacGyver (2016 TV series)
MacGyver is an American action-adventure television series developed by Peter M. Lenkov that ran on CBS from September 23, 2016 to April 30, 2021, comprising five seasons and 94 episodes. The series stars Lucas Till as the title character, an undercover government agent who prefers to fight crime with ingenious feats of engineering rather than lethal force. It is a reboot of the original series of the same name created by Lee David Zlotoff, which aired from 1985 to 1992. CBS cancelled the show in April 2021; the series finale aired on April 30, 2021.

MacGyver takes place in the same fictional universe as two other series, both also developed by Lenkov and both reboots of earlier shows: Hawaii Five-0 and Magnum P.I. The three shows have been collectively referred to as the "Lenkov-verse".

Peter M. Lenkov
Peter M. Lenkov (born 9 May 1964) is a Canadian television and film writer, producer, and comic book author. He is best known as the developer and showrunner of the CBS reboot series Hawaii Five-0, MacGyver, and Magnum P.I., until his firing in July 2020.
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party leadership elections
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, a political party in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island chooses its leadership by an open vote of party members at a convention called by the party executive when there is a vacancy in the leadership (or there is a temporary interim leader). The first convention was held when Alex W. Matheson sought reelection as leader in 1961.

Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, officially the Prince Edward Island Liberal Association, is a political party in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is one of the three parties currently represented in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and along with its primary rival the Progressive Conservative Party of PEI, one of only two parties with continual presence in the provincial legislature since confederation.

The PEI Liberals has formed the government of Prince Edward Island for 90 of the approximately 160 years since PEI became a province of Canada.
Cello sonatas (Vivaldi)
Antonio Vivaldi composed several sonatas for cello and continuo. A set of six cello sonatas, written between 1720 and 1730, was published in Paris in 1740. He wrote at least four other cello sonatas, with two manuscripts kept in Naples, another in Wiesentheid, and one known to be lost.

Cello sonata
A cello sonata is a piece written in sonata form, often with the instrumentation of a cello taking solo role with piano accompaniment. Some of the earliest cello sonatas were composed in the 18th century by Francesco Geminiani and Antonio Vivaldi; subsequent famous cello sonatas include those by Johannes Brahms, Ludwig van Beethoven, Felix Mendelssohn, Fryderyk Chopin, and Richard Strauss.

The following list contains cello sonatas with or without accompanying instruments. See the See also list for more comprehensive lists divided up into solo and accompanied works.
Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)
The Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658, known as the War of Rupture, was fought by Russia and Sweden as a theater of the Second Northern War. It took place during a pause in the contemporary Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) as a consequence of the Truce of Vilna. Despite initial successes, Tsar Alexis of Russia failed to secure his principal objective—to revise the Treaty of Stolbovo, which had stripped Russia of the Baltic coast at the close of the Ingrian War. The war ended in a Swedish victory.

Truce of Vilna
Truce/Treaty of Vilna or Truce/Treaty of Niemieża (Polish: Rozejm w Niemieży) was a treaty signed at Niemieża (modern Nemėžis) near Vilnius (also known as Vilna)  on 3 November 1656 between Tsardom of Russia and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, introducing a truce during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) and an anti-Swedish alliance in the contemporaneous Second Northern War. In return for ceasing hostilities and fighting Sweden alongside Poland–Lithuania, the treaty promised Alexis of Russia succession in Poland after John II Casimir Vasa's death. The Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnytsky were excluded from the negotiations, and subsequently supported the Transylvanian invasion on the Swedish side.
G3019 Bole–Alashankou Expressway
The G3019 Bole–Alashankou Expressway (Chinese: 博乐－阿拉山口高速公路), commonly referred to as the Bo'a Expressway (Chinese: 博阿高速公路), is an expressway under construction between Jinghe County and Alashankou in the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang. It will serve as a connection between Alashankou, which serves as a major border crossing between China and Kazakhstan known as the Alataw Pass, and the county-level city of Bole. The expressway is an auxiliary route of the G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway.

Despite its name, the expressway begins just south of the county-level city of Bole, in Jinghe County, and terminates south of Alashankou, at an interchange with the future G3018 Jinghe–Alashankou Expressway, near the present-day Bole railway station on the Northern Xinjiang railway. The G3018 Jinghe–Alashankou Expressway will continue northward to Alashankou. The expressway will be 72.44 kilometres (45.01 mi) in length and is expected to open by the end of 2018.

G3018 Jinghe–Alashankou Expressway
The G3018 Jinghe–Alashankou Expressway (Chinese: 精河－阿拉山口高速公路), commonly referred to as the Jing'a Expressway (Chinese: 精阿高速公路), is an expressway under construction between Jinghe County and Alashankou in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It will serve as a connection between Alashankou, the site of the Alataw Pass, which serves as a major border crossing between China and Kazakhstan, and the G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway at Jinghe. The expressway will be 68.66 kilometres (42.66 mi) in length. It will connect to the future G3019 Bole–Alashankou Expressway at about the halfway point, near the Bole railway station on the Northern Xinjiang railway. It is expected to open at the end of 2018.
Devil Lady
Devil Lady, known in Japan as Devilman Lady (Japanese: デビルマンレディー, Hepburn: Debiruman Redī), is a 1997 manga series written and illustrated by Go Nagai. It is the sequel to Devilman. It was originally serialized by Kodansha from January 1997 to July 2000 in the magazine Weekly Morning, and later collected in 17 volumes. The story follows Jun Fudo, a model who can transform into the powerful Devil Lady and protects humanity from devil beasts and their creations.

The manga was adapted into a twenty-six episode anime series by TMS Entertainment from 1998 to 1999, which was released in the US by ADV Films in 2003–2004, and later available through streaming by Midnight Pulp. A manga crossover with Cutie Honey, another Nagai series, was published in 2013 under the title Cutie Honey vs. Devilman Lady.

Go Nagai
Kiyoshi Nagai (永井潔, Nagai Kiyoshi; born September 6, 1945), better known by the pen name Go Nagai (永井 豪, Nagai Gō), is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction, fantasy, horror, and erotica. He made his professional debut in 1967 with Meakashi Polikichi, but is best known for creating popular 1970s manga and anime series such as Cutie Honey, Devilman, and Mazinger Z. He is credited with creating the super robot genre; designing the first mecha robots piloted by a user from within a cockpit with Mazinger Z; as well as helping pioneer the magical girl genre with Cutie Honey; the post-apocalyptic manga/anime genre with Violence Jack; and the ecchi genre with Harenchi Gakuen. In 2005, he became a Character Design professor at the Osaka University of Arts. He has been a member of the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize's nominating committee since 2009.