hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Special Group (India)
The Special Group (SG) is the clandestine operations unit of Cabinet Secretariat (Cabinet Secretariat). It is responsible for covert and paramilitary operations and is known as 4 Vikas, 22 SF and 22 SG. Its responsibilities include conducting operations to thwart urban terrorism with which the Indian Armed Forces may not wish to be overtly associated.

Established in 1981, it was raised in the following year under Project Sunray. Its existence was previously unknown to the public. There are a total of four SG squadrons, with each squadron consisting of four troops and each troop consisting of 25 personnel. Each troop has a specialized skill-set. SG draws its personnel from all the branches of Indian Armed Forces, with 20-30% being drawn from the Special forces.

Para (Special Forces)
The Para (Special Forces), informally referred to as Para SF, is a group of special forces battalions of the Parachute Regiment in the Indian Army. These units specialise in various roles including  counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, direct action, hostage rescue, special reconnaissance and unconventional warfare.

The unit's heritage stems from World War II, with the creation of the 50th Parachute Brigade in October 1941 under the British Indian Army. 9 Para (SF) was raised in 1965 as the 9th Parachute Commando Battalion (as part of the Parachute Regiment) and is the oldest among the fifteen Para (SF) units of the Indian Army. It has been involved in various operations including the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 (including Chachro Raid), Operation Bluestar, Operation Pawan, Operation Cactus, Kargil War, Operation Ginger, 2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar, 2016 Pampore stand-off, 2016 Indian Line of Control strike and in several anti-terror operations.
Gacha Girls Corps
Gacha Girls Corps (Japanese: ガチャを回して仲間を増やす 最強の美少女軍団を作り上げろ, Hepburn: Gacha o Mawashite Nakama o Fuyasu Saikyō no Bishōjo Gundan o Tsukuriagero) is a Japanese light novel series written by Chinkururi and illustrated by Yasutaka Isekawa. It originally began serialization as a web novel on the Shōsetsuka ni Narō website in January 2016, before Micro Magazine published nine volumes in print under their GC Novels imprint from November 2016 to August 2020. A manga adaptation illustrated by Syuu Haruno began serialization in Micro Magazine's Comic Ride online magazine in March 2018 and has been compiled into thirteen volumes as of December 2025. The manga is licensed in English by Kaiten Books. An anime adaptation has been announced.

Shōsetsuka ni Narō
Shōsetsuka ni Narō (小説家になろう; lit. "Let's Become a Novelist") is a Japanese novel self-publishing website created by Yusuke Umezaki (梅崎 祐輔, Umezaki Yūsuke). It was launched on April 2, 2004. Users can upload their novels free of charge and the novels are also free to read. As of December 2022, the site hosts close to 1,000,000 novels, has over 2,300,000 registered users and it receives over 1 billion page views per month.

Over one hundred novel series uploaded to the site have been acquired by various publishers, such as Log Horizon, serialized from 2010 before being acquired by Enterbrain in 2011, and The Irregular at Magic High School, which was serialized between 2008 and 2011 before being acquired by ASCII Media Works.

Futabasha's light novel imprint Monster Bunko was established on July 30, 2014, which exclusively publishes series that originated on Shōsetsuka ni Narō.
Death's-head hawkmoth
The name death's-head hawkmoth refers to any of three moth species of the genus Acherontia (Acherontia atropos, Acherontia styx and Acherontia lachesis). The former species is found throughout Africa and in Europe, the latter two are Asian; most uses of the common name refer to the African species. These moths are easily distinguishable by the vaguely human skull-shaped pattern of markings on the thorax. They are large nocturnal moths with brown and yellow or orange coloring, and all three species are fairly similar in size, coloration and life cycle.

Acherontia styx
Acherontia styx, the lesser death's head hawkmoth or bee robber, is a sphingid moth found in Asia, one of the three species of death's-head hawkmoth. It is very fond of honey, and beekeepers have reported finding dead moths in their hives as a result of bee stings. They can mimic the scent of bees so that they can enter a hive unharmed to get honey. Their tongue, which is stout and very strong, enables them to pierce the wax cells of the beehive and suck the honey out. They are also known to be a pest of yuzu (Citrus junos) in South Korea, using their tongue to pierce and damage the fruit.
Metavolcanic Mountain
Metavolcanic Mountain (86°13′S 126°15′W﻿ / ﻿86.217°S 126.250°W﻿ / -86.217; -126.250) is a large flat-topped mountain, 2,480 metres (8,140 ft) high, located 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) north of the Hatcher Bluffs on the east side of Reedy Glacier, Antarctica.

Reedy Glacier
The Reedy Glacier (85°30′S 134°00′W﻿ / ﻿85.500°S 134.000°W﻿ / -85.500; -134.000) is a major glacier in Antarctica, over 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi) long and 6 to 12 nautical miles (11 to 22 km; 6.9 to 13.8 mi) wide, descending from the polar plateau to the Ross Ice Shelf between the Michigan Plateau and Wisconsin Range in the Transantarctic Mountains.
It marks the limits of the Queen Maud Mountains on the west and the Horlick Mountains on the east.
Of James Dog
Of James Dog or, more fully, Of James Dog, Kepair of the Quenis Wardrop is a poem of William Dunbar in which the poet complains to Queen Margaret Tudor of Scotland about the keeper of her wardrobe, James Dog.

William Dunbar
William Dunbar (1459 or 1460 – by 1530) was a Scottish makar, or court poet, active in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. He was closely associated with the court of King James IV and produced a large body of work in Scots distinguished by its great variation in themes and literary styles. He was probably a native of East Lothian, as assumed from a satirical reference in The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie. His surname is also spelt Dumbar.
Peter Tait (mayor)
Sir Peter Tait KBE (5 September 1915 – 31 January 1996) was a New Zealand National Party Member of Parliament, mayor of Napier, small businessman and opponent of New Zealand's Homosexual Law Reform Act.

Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986
The Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 is a New Zealand Act of Parliament that broadly legalised consensual sexual practices between men as well as consensual anal sex regardless of partners' gender. It removed the provisions of the Crimes Act 1961 that criminalised this behaviour. The legislation established a uniform age of consent, setting it at 16 for both same-sex and opposite-sex partners.

Before Homosexual Law Reform, male homosexual acts had faced severe legal penalties in New Zealand, evolving from capital punishment to life imprisonment and hard labour. Despite initial attempts at decriminalisation in the 1970s, it was not until the landmark 1986 Act that consensual same-sex activities were decriminalised, marking a significant progressive shift in the country's approach to LGBT rights.
Bagley Memorial Fountain
The Bagley Memorial Fountain is a historic fountain in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It has recently been moved from its long-time location in Campus Martius Park to a new location just down the street in Cadillac Square Park. The fountain was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971. The John N. Bagley House (1889) at 2921 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit was constructed for Governor Bagley's son, and is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Campus Martius Park
Campus Martius Park (/ˈmɑːrʃʌs/ MAR-shuss) is a re-established park in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. After the Great Fire of 1805, Campus Martius (from the Latin for Field of Mars, where Roman heroes walked) was the focal point of Judge Augustus Woodward's plans to rebuild the city. It was named for the principal square in Marietta, Ohio, the first capital of the Northwest Territory.
ISO 2709
ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled Information and documentation—Format for information exchange.

It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation (TC 9846).

MARC standards
MARC (machine-readable cataloging) is a standard set of digital formats for the machine-readable description of items catalogued by libraries, such as books, DVDs, and digital resources. Computerized library catalogs and library management software need to structure their catalog records as per an industry-wide standard, which is MARC, so that bibliographic information can be shared freely between computers. The structure of bibliographic records almost universally follows the MARC standard. Other standards work in conjunction with MARC, for example, Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)/Resource Description and Access (RDA) provide guidelines on formulating bibliographic data into the MARC record structure, while the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) provides guidelines for displaying MARC records in a standard, human-readable form.
Adjugate matrix
In linear algebra, the adjugate or classical adjoint adj(A) of a square matrix A is the transpose of its cofactor matrix. It is occasionally known as adjunct matrix, or "adjoint", though that normally refers to a different concept, the adjoint operator which for a matrix is the transpose.

The product of a matrix with its adjugate gives a diagonal matrix (entries not on the main diagonal are zero) whose diagonal entries are the determinant of the original matrix:

where I is the identity matrix of the same size as A. Consequently, the multiplicative inverse of an invertible matrix can be found by dividing its adjugate by its determinant.

Transpose
In linear algebra, transposition is an operation that flips a matrix over its diagonal; that is, transposition switches the row and column indices of the matrix A to produce another matrix, called the transpose of A and often denoted AT (among other notations).

The transpose of a matrix was introduced in 1858 by the British mathematician Arthur Cayley.
Glasgow city centre
Glasgow city centre is the central business district of Glasgow, Scotland. It is bordered by the Saltmarket, High Street and Castle Street to the east, the River Clyde to the south, and the M8 motorway to the west and north.  It is made up of the areas of Cowcaddens, Blythswood Hill, and Merchant City, though parts of Garnethill, Townhead, and Anderston also fall within its boundaries.

Townhead
Townhead (Scottish Gaelic: Ceann a' Bhaile,  Scots: Tounheid) is a district within the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is one of Glasgow's oldest areas, and contains two of its major surviving medieval landmarks – Glasgow Cathedral and the Provand's Lordship.

In medieval times, Townhead was the gateway into Glasgow from the north, while today it forms the north eastern extremity of the city centre. Townhead experienced great change between the mid 1950s and late 1970s following the publication of the infamous Bruce Report, when it was substantially depopulated and redeveloped.  Today, it contains a much reduced resident population, a commercial/industrial sector and an educational quarter centred around the campuses of both the University of Strathclyde and City of Glasgow College.
Uttar Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express
The 12447 / 12448 Uttar Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express is a Superfast Express train of the Sampark Kranti Express Category series belonging to Indian Railways – Northern Railway zone that runs between Manikpur Junction and Hazrat Nizamuddin in India.

It operates as train number 12447 from Manikpur Junction to Hazrat Nizamuddin and as train number 12448 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh.

This train was introduced in the interim budget of 2004 / 05 by the then Railway Minister of India Mr. Nitesh Kumar.

Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station
Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station (station code: NZM) is part of the Indian Railways network. Located in South Delhi, it is operated by the Delhi division of the Northern Railway. Serving as one of the five primary railway stations in the Union Territory of Delhi, it handles nearly 250 trains daily. Christened after the medieval Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, the station was revamped to alleviate congestion at the New Delhi railway station. As part of the Sarai Kale Khan multi-model transport hub located on the Inner Ring Road, the Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station facilitates the transfer between the Sarai Kale Khan ISBT, Sarai Kale Khan Nizamuddin metro station of Delhi Metro's Pink Line, Sarai Kale Khan RRTS Interchange for the Delhi NCR's regional semi-highspeed rail, and the Sarai Kale Khan HSR interchange on the Delhi–Kolkata high-speed rail corridor and Delhi–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor.
Cave of Swallows
The Cave of Swallows, also called the Cave of the Swallows (Spanish: Sótano de las Golondrinas), is an open-air pit cave in the municipality of Aquismón, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The elliptical mouth, on a slope of karst, is 49 by 62 m (161 by 203 ft) wide and is undercut around all of its perimeter, widening to a room approximately 303 by 135 m (994 by 443 ft) wide. The floor of the cave is a 333 m (1,093 ft) freefall drop from the lowest side of the opening, with a 370 m (1,210 ft) drop from the highest side, making it the largest known cave shaft in the world, the second deepest pit in Mexico and perhaps the 11th deepest sheer drop in the world.

Pit cave
A pit cave, shaft cave or vertical cave—or often simply called a pit (in the US) and pothole or pot (in the UK); jama in Slavic languages scientific and colloquial vocabulary (borrowed since early research in the Western Balkan Dinaric Alpine karst)—is a type of cave which contains one or more significant vertical shafts rather than being predominantly a conventional horizontal cave passage. Pits typically form in limestone as a result of long-term erosion by water. They can be open to the surface or found deep within horizontal caves. Among US cavers, a pit, usually referred to as a 'pitch' in UK English, is a vertical drop of any depth that cannot be negotiated safely without the use of ropes or ladders.
Battle of Montgey
The Battle of Montgey was a military engagement which took place in April 1211 and is considered the first field battle of the Albigensian Crusade. The battle took place in the Occitania region of Southern France near the town of Montgey. A southern force led by Raymond-Roger, Count of Foix ambushed and defeated an army of German and Frisian crusaders on their way to the Siege of Lavaur.

Raymond-Roger, Count of Foix
Raimond Roger (French: Raymond-Roger; Occitan: Ramon Roger) (died 27 March 1223) was the sixth Count of Foix from the House of Foix. He was the son and successor of Roger Bernard I and his wife Cécilia Trencavel.
Abu Aḥmad Abdal Chishti
Abu Aḥmad Abdal Chishti (Arabic: ابو احمد ابدال چشتی) was a Sufi of the Chishti Order in the 10th century CE and a disciple of Abu Ishaq Shami and the master of Abu Muḥammad Chishti.
He died in 966 CE.
He was Syed and his father was ruler of Fargana. He died in Chisht in Afghanistan and buried there.

Abu Ishaq Shami
Abu Ishaq Shami (ابو اسحاق شامی چشتی; died 940) was a Muslim scholar who is often regarded as the founder of the Sufi Chishti Order. He was the first in the Chishti lineage (silsila) to live in Chisht and to adopt the name "Chishti", so that, if the Chishti order itself dates back to him, it is one of the oldest recorded Sufi orders. His original name, Shami, implies he came from Syria (ash-Sham). He died in Damascus and lies buried on Mount Qasiyun, where Ibn Arabi was later buried.
Michael Ringier
Michael Ringier (born 30 March 1949) is a Swiss businessman, publisher and art collector.  He has served as chairman of the board of directors of Ringier, a leading Swiss media company, since 2003. He is a prominent member of the Ringier family.

Ringier
Ringier (German: [ʀɪŋieɪ] RING-ee-ay) is a media group operating in multiple countries with over 6,500 employees. Founded in 1833, the family-owned business manages media brands across print and digital, TV and radio, and is active in the entertainment and digital marketplace sectors. The headquarters of Ringier AG is located in Zofingen, Aargau, with additional offices in Zurich and Lausanne.
McDowell Lake First Nation
McDowell Lake First Nation (Oji-Cree: ᒥᔑ ᓴᑲᐦᐊᑲᓂᐣ Mishi Sakahikaniing) is a small Oji-Cree First Nation band government located in Northern Ontario, located approximately 155 km northeast of Red Lake, Ontario, Canada, on the central western shore of McDowell Lake.  As of December, 2007, their total registered population was 52. It is part of the Keewaytinook Okimakanak Council (Northern Chiefs) and the Nishnawbe Aski Nation.

The First Nation's MacDowell Lake Indian Settlement, also known as MacDowell Lake, Ontario,  is accessible by float and ski equipped aircraft.  Though no winter/ice roads connect this community in the winter, a person can use either snowmobiles or snowshoes to trail off from winter/ice roads and head towards the community.  Nearest winter/ice roads from the community connect Red Lake, Ontario, to North Spirit Lake, Deer Lake, and Sandy Lake First Nations.

Nishnawbe Aski Nation
Nishnawbe Aski Nation (ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓈᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᑲᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒫᐎᓐ (Anishinaabe-aski Ishkoniganan Ogimaawin), unpointed: ᐊᓂᔑᓇᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᐊᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒪᐎᓐ; NAN for short) is a political organization representing 51 First Nation communities across Treaty 9 and Treaty 5 areas of Northern Ontario, Canada. Re-organized to its present form in 1981, NAN's original objective was "to represent the social and economic aspirations of our people at all levels of government in Canada and Ontario until such time as real effective action is taken to remedy our problems."

Its member-First Nations are Ojibwa, Oji-Cree and Cree, and thus the languages within NAN include Ojibwemowin, Oji-cree and Cree. NAN's administrative offices are located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The current Grand Chief is Alvin Fiddler.
Samar (historical province)
Samar was a province in the Philippines which is coterminous with the island of Samar and its outlying islands. Samar is significant in the Philippine history because some historians believe that the oldest ancient kingdom of the country is in Samar.  It existed from the Spanish colonization era until its division into three provinces—Eastern Samar, Northern Samar, and Western Samar (now simply called as Samar)—in 1965.

Samar (province)
Samar, officially the Province of Samar (Waray: Probinsya han Samar; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Samar), or also known as Western Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Catbalogan while Calbayog is the most populous city in the province. It is bordered by Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte and Leyte Gulf, and includes several islands in the Samar Sea. Samar is connected to the island of Leyte via the San Juanico Bridge.

In 1768, Leyte and modern Samar were created out of the historical province of Samar.  In 1965, Northern and Eastern Samar were created.

Fishing and agriculture are the major economic activities in the province.

On 8 November 2013, the province was significantly damaged by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), particularly the towns of Basey, Marabut and Santa Rita.
Kissi Agyebeng
Kissi Agyebeng (born 2 July 1978) is a Ghanaian lawyer, academic, and the Special Prosecutor of Ghana since 2021. Prior to his appointment, he was a lecturer at the University of Ghana, Managing Partner at Cromwellgray LLP, and the Chairman of the Electronic Communications Tribunal of Ghana.

Office of the Special Prosecutor
The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) is a specialised independent anti-corruption agency established by an act of the Parliament of Ghana to investigate and prosecute acts of corruption and corruption related offences. It is also responsible for recovering proceeds of corruption and take steps to prevent it.

The OSP is the premier enforcer of Ghana's anti-corruption laws, and it is the only state agency empowered to carry out criminal prosecution of corruption and corruption related offences.
Ii Naomasa
Ii Naomasa (井伊 直政; March 4, 1561 – March 24, 1602) was a Japanese  samurai general and daimyo under the Sengoku period daimyō, and later shōgun, Tokugawa Ieyasu. He led the clan after the death of Ii Naotora. He married Tobai-in, Matsudaira Yasuchika's daughter and adopted daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Ii Naomasa joined the ranks of the Tokugawa clan in the mid-1570s, rising swiftly through the ranks and became particularly famous after the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, as he is recognized as one of the Four Guardians of the Tokugawa along with Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Sakai Tadatsugu. Ii Naomasa then eventually became the master of a sizable holding in Ōmi Province, following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.

His office in the Imperial Japan ministries was Hyōbu-daifū.

Ii Naomasa was also notable for his command over elite troops  Red Guards (赤備え) (akazonae) that formerly served the Takeda clan.

Shitennō (Tokugawa clan)
The Four Heavenly Kings of the Tokugawa (徳川四天王, Tokugawa-shitennō) is a Japanese sobriquet describing four highly effective samurai generals who fought on behalf of Tokugawa Ieyasu in Sengoku period. They were famous during their lifetimes as the four most fiercely loyal vassals of the Tokugawa clan in the early Edo period.

Each of those four generals was the founder of a cadet branch clan:

Honda Tadakatsu of the Honda clan

Ii Naomasa of the Ii clan

Sakakibara Yasumasa of the Sakakibara clan

Sakai Tadatsugu of the Sakai clan
Doctor Who season 19
The nineteenth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 4 January 1982 with Castrovalva, and ended with Time-Flight. John Nathan-Turner produced the series, with two script editors: Anthony Root and Eric Saward.

Time-Flight
Time-Flight is the seventh and final serial of the 19th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 22 to 30 March 1982.

The serial is set at the site of Heathrow Airport in the 1980s and 140 million years ago. In the serial, the alien time traveller the Master (Anthony Ainley) attempts to use the power of the psychic gestalt being the Xeraphin to power his damaged time machine.
Semyon Chernetsky
Semyon Aleksandrovich Chernetsky (born Solomon Isayevich Chernetsky; 23 October [O.S. 11 October] 1881 – 13 April 1950) was a Soviet military composer and conductor. He is credited as the founder of modern Russian military bands. He served as the Senior Director of the Central Military Band of the People's Commissariat of National Defense of the USSR from 1924 to 1950.

Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia
The Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation serves as the official service of military bands in active service within the Russian Armed Forces and formerly the Soviet Armed Forces. It is part of the Military Band Service Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Frank S. Tavenner Jr.
Frank Stacy Tavenner Jr. (July 12, 1895 – October 21, 1964) was an American lawyer who was United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia, along with other high-profile government legal positions, particularly as chief counsel to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia
The United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia (in case citations, W.D. Va.) is a United States district court.

Appeals from the Western District of Virginia are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The court is seated at multiple locations in Virginia: Abingdon, Charlottesville, Danville, Harrisonburg, Lynchburg and Roanoke.