hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of Slovakia
The current form of the national flag of the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Vlajka Slovenskej republiky) was adopted by Slovakia's Constitution, which came into force on 3 September 1992. The flag of Slovakia, like many other flags of Slavic nations, uses the Pan-Slavic colours (white, blue, and red). Pictured to the left of centre of the flag is Slovakia's national coat of arms.

Coat of arms of Slovakia
The coat of arms of the Slovak Republic consists of a red (gules) shield, in early Gothic style, charged with a silver (argent) double cross standing on the middle peak of a dark blue mountain consisting of three peaks. Extremities of the cross are amplified, and its ends are concaved. The double cross is a symbol of its Christian faith and the hills represent three symbolic mountain ranges: Tatra, Fatra (made up of the Veľká Fatra and Malá Fatra ranges), and Matra (in Hungary).

The genesis and history of the iconography and symbolism of the state emblem of the Slovak Republic has three basic development periods and all three organically follow each other: Byzantine (6th-12th centuries), Hungarian (12th-20th centuries) and Slovak (19th-20th centuries).
Walking in My Shoes
"Walking in My Shoes" is a song by the English electronic music band Depeche Mode. Produced by the band and Flood, it was released on 26 April 1993 by Mute and Sire as the second single from their eighth studio album, Songs of Faith and Devotion (1993). The song reached number 14 on the UK Singles Chart and matched the success of the previous single "I Feel You" on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, where it reached one. The B-side is "My Joy", a song originally intended to be included on the album itself.

The song was cited by then-member Alan Wilder to be his favourite song from the album together with "In Your Room". Its music video was directed by Anton Corbijn.

I Feel You
"I Feel You" is a song by the English electronic music band Depeche Mode, released on 9 February 1993 in the Us and 15 February 1993 by Mute Records in the UK as the first single from their eighth studio album, Songs of Faith and Devotion (1993). The song was written by Martin Gore and produced by the band with Flood. It peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart and also made number one and number three on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. It is one of the band's highest-charting singles worldwide. The accompanying music video, directed by Anton Corbijn was nominated for both an MTV Music Awards as well as a Brit Award.
Pen
A pen is a common writing instrument that applies ink to a surface, typically paper, for writing or drawing. Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity that had to be periodically recharged by dipping the tip of the pen into an inkwell. 
Today, such pens find only a small number of specialized uses, such as in illustration and calligraphy. Reed pens, quill pens and dip pens, which were used for writing, have been replaced by ballpoint pens, rollerball pens, fountain pens and felt or ceramic tip pens.

Ruling pens, which were used for technical drawing and cartography, have been replaced by technical pens such as the Rapidograph. All of these modern pens contain internal ink reservoirs, such that they do not need to be dipped in ink while writing.

Fountain pen
Pilot Justus 95

Pelikan Souverän M1000

Montblanc Meisterstück 149

Pilot Heritage 912

Parker Duofold Centennial

Sheaffer Snorkel Admiral

Lamy Dialog 3

Welty

Parker Sonnet

Conway Stewart 55

Waterman Thorobred

Mabie Todd Swan 3220

A fountain pen is a writing instrument that uses a metal nib to apply water-based ink to paper. It is distinguished from earlier dip pens by using an internal reservoir to hold ink, eliminating the need to repeatedly dip the pen in an inkwell during use. The pen draws ink from the reservoir through a feed to the nib and deposits the ink on paper via a combination of gravity and capillary action. Filling the reservoir with ink may be achieved manually, via the use of an eyedropper or syringe, or via an internal filling mechanism that creates suction (for example, through a piston mechanism) or a vacuum to transfer ink directly through the nib into the reservoir. Some pens employ removable reservoirs in the form of pre-filled ink cartridges.
Roy Turk
Roy Kenneth Turk (September 20, 1892 – November 30, 1934) was an American songwriter and lyricist, who frequently collaborated with composer Fred E. Ahlert, with whom he wrote their popular 1929 song "Mean to Me", which became a jazz standard. In 1926 he collaborated with Lou Handman on his best known song, the 1927 hit Are You Lonesome Tonight?, whose best version was the Elvis Presley one, released in 1960. He worked with many other composers, including for film lyrics. Turk was elected posthumously to the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970.

Lou Handman
Lou Handman (September 10, 1894 – December 9, 1956) was an American composer.

Born in 1894 in New York City, in his early career he toured in vaudeville shows in Australia and New York. Handman worked closely with lyricist Roy Turk, with whom went on to make chart-topping hits such as:

"Are You Lonesome Tonight?"

"It's All the Same to Me"

"My Sweetie Went Away" - a popular song in 1923 with versions by Billy Murray & Ed Smalle, and by Dolly Kay.

"One Night of Love"

"Two Ton Tessie"

"You've Got Those Wanna Go Back Again Blues"

"I'm Gonna Charleston Back to Charleston"

"Me and the Moon"

Other hits were:

"Give Me a Smile and a Kiss"

"I Can't Get the One I Want"

"What Good Would it Do?"

"Is My Baby Blue Tonight?"

"No Nothing"

"Was it Rain?"

"Don't Ever Change"

"Baby Me"

"Puddin' Head Jones"

"Blue (And Broken Hearted)" - a hit for Marion Harris in 1923.

Handman died in Flushing, New York in 1956 and was inducted posthumously into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1975.
Chalk heath
Chalk heath is a rare habitat, in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, formed of a paradoxical mixture of shallow-rooted calcifuge ("calcium-hating") and deeper-rooted calcicole ("calcium-loving") plants, growing on a thin layer of acidic soil over an alkaline substrate.  Chalk heath is intermediate between two much more widespread habitats, chalk grassland and heathland.

Calcareous grassland
Calcareous grassland (or alkaline grassland) is an ecosystem associated with thin basic soil, such as that on chalk and limestone downland.

There are large areas of calcareous grassland in northwestern Europe, particularly areas of southern England, such as Salisbury Plain and the North and South Downs.

The machair forms a different kind of calcareous grassland, where fertile low-lying plains are formed on ground that is calcium-rich due to shell sand (pulverised sea shells).
Rose Nader
Rose Nader (Arabic: روز نادر; February 7, 1906 – January 20, 2006; born Rose Bouziane (Arabic: روز بوزين) was a Lebanese-American activist in her hometown of Winsted, Connecticut. She was the mother of U.S. activist, consumer advocate, and frequent third-party candidate Ralph Nader, professor Laura Nader, community advocate Shafeek Nader, and social scientist Claire Nader.

Laura Nader
Laura Nader (born February 16, 1930) is an American anthropologist. She has been a Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley since 1960. She was the first woman to receive a tenure-track position in the department. She is also the older sister of U.S. activist, consumer advocate, and frequent third-party candidate Ralph Nader, and the younger sister of community advocate Shafeek Nader and social scientist Claire Nader.
PC²
PC² is the Programming Contest Control System developed at California State University, Sacramento in support of Computer Programming Contest activities of the ACM, and in particular the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest. It was used to conduct the ACM ICPC World Finals in 1990 and from 1994 through 2009. In 2010, the ACM ICPC World Finals switched to using Kattis, the KTH automated teaching tool; however, PC2 continues to be used for a large number of ICPC Regional Contests around the world.

International Collegiate Programming Contest
The International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC) is an annual multi-tiered competitive programming competition among the universities of the world.  Directed by ICPC Executive Director and Baylor Professor William B. Poucher, the ICPC operates autonomous regional contests covering six continents culminating in a global World Finals every year. In 2018, ICPC participation included 52,709 students from 3,233 universities in 110 countries.

The ICPC operates under the auspices of the ICPC Foundation and operates under agreements with host universities and non-profits, all in accordance with the ICPC Policies and Procedures. From 1977 until 2017 ICPC was held under the auspices of ACM and was referred to as ACM-ICPC.
Chiaramonte
The Chiaramonte were among the most powerful noble families in medieval Sicily, with their influence peaking during the baronial regency of the "Four Vicars" (1377–1392). They left a lasting mark on the island’s political and built landscape—most visibly in the Palazzo Chiaramonte-Steri in Palermo and the spread of Chiaramontan Gothic architecture—through landmarks that survive across Sicily today.

Chiaramontan Gothic architecture
Chiaramontan Gothic architecture (Italian: gotico chiaramontano) is a regional variant of Sicilian Gothic that developed in the 14th century under the patronage and influence of the Chiaramonte family, particularly in western Sicily. It developed during the Aragonese period and is identified in the literature as architettura chiaramontana.

The style is characterised by the use of pointed arches, mullioned/bifora windows and fortified palace forms, combined with decorative elements associated with Norman, Byzantine and Islamic traditions. Typical features include sculptural façades, saw-tooth/zig-zag mouldings and elaborate portals. Notable examples include the Steri in Palermo and religious complexes such as Santo Spirito in Agrigento, as well as the Matrice at Erice.
J.M. Berger
John M. Berger (born 1967) is an American academic and former investigative journalist who writes on extremism and terrorism. He has a PhD in criminology from the Swansea University School of Law. Berger is a senior research fellow at the Center on Terrorism, Extremism, and Counterterrorism and has served as a consultant for government agencies and tech companies. He has written three books on the subjects of extremism and terrorism, including ISIS: The State of Terror (with Jessica Stern) and Jihad Joe.

Jessica Stern
Jessica Eve Stern (born February 11, 1958) is an American scholar and academic on terrorism. Stern serves as a research professor at the  Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University. Earlier she had been a lecturer at Harvard University. She serves on the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law. In 2001, she was featured in Time magazine's series on Innovators. In 2009, she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for her work on trauma and violence. Her book ISIS: The State of Terror (2015), was co-authored with J.M. Berger.
Thomas Forsyth (Indian agent)
Major Thomas Forsyth (December 5, 1771 – October 29, 1833) was a 19th-century American frontiersman and trader who served as a U.S. Indian agent to the Sauk and Meskwaki during the 1820s and was replaced by Felix St. Vrain, prior to the Black Hawk War. His writings, both prior to and while an Indian agent, provided an invaluable source of the early Native American history in the Northwest Territory. His son, Robert Forsyth, was a colonel in the United States Army and an early settler of Chicago, Illinois.

Felix St. Vrain
Felix St. Vrain, born Felix August Antoine St. Vrain (March 23, 1799 – May 24, 1832), was an American United States Indian agent who was killed by Native Americans during the Black Hawk War. St. Vrain died along with three companions while on a mission to deliver dispatches from Dixon's Ferry to Fort Armstrong, both in Illinois. The incident has become known as the St. Vrain massacre.

He was the brother of Ceran St. Vrain, a St. Louis fur trader who was the partner of the Bent Brothers. Together they established Bent's Fort, the only privately held fort in the west. It is located at what is now La Junta, Otero County, Colorado.
Azure (color)
Azure is the color between cyan and blue on the color wheel. It is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day.

On the RGB color wheel, "azure" (hexadecimal #0080FF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan. In the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a 50% of green light to a 100% of blue light.

In the X11 color system, which became a model for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan or white cyan.

Shades of blue
Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these colors is shown below.
Irving Fiske
Irving L. Fiske (born Irving Louis Fishman; March 5, 1908 – April 25, 1990) was an American playwright, writer, and public speaker. He worked for the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in the 1930s, where he was a writer and rewrite man on The WPA Guide to New York City, in print today. He corresponded with George Bernard Shaw, wrote an article now considered a classic, "Bernard Shaw's Debt to William Blake," and translated Shakespeare's Hamlet into Modern English. He and his wife Barbara Fiske Calhoun co-founded the artist's retreat and intentional community Quarry Hill Creative Center, on the Fiske family property, in Rochester, Vermont.

Barbara Fiske Calhoun
Barbara Fiske Calhoun (born Isabelle Daniel Hall; September 9, 1919 – April 28, 2014) was an American cartoonist and painter, one of the few female creators from the Golden Age of Comic Books. She co-founded Quarry Hill Creative Center, one of Vermont's oldest alternative communities, on the Fiske family property, in Rochester, Vermont.
Caol Ila distillery
Caol Ila distillery (/kʌl ˈiːlə/; Scottish Gaelic: Taigh-staile Chaol Ìle [t̪ʰəˈs̪t̪alə xɯːlˈiːlə], "Sound of Islay Distillery") is a Scotch whisky distillery near Port Askaig on the isle of Islay, Scotland, owned by Diageo.

Diageo
Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company headquartered in London, England. It operates from 132 sites in nearly 180 countries. With brands such as Guinness, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff, it is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits, with distilleries producing 40% of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands. Diageo is a publicly traded company listed on both the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, and the New York Stock Exchange as American depositary receipts.
Elwha Dam
The Elwha Dam was a 108-ft (33 m) high dam located in the United States, in the state of Washington, on the Elwha River approximately 4.9 miles (7.9 km) upstream from the mouth of the river on the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

The Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act of 1992 authorized the US Federal Government to acquire the Elwha Dam and Glines Canyon Dam hydroelectric power projects for decommissioning and demolition for habitat restoration. Removal of the Elwha Dam began in September 2011 and was fully complete by March 2012, allowing the Elwha River to flow freely through the site.

Glines Canyon Dam
Glines Canyon Dam, also known as Upper Elwha Dam, was a 210-foot (64 m) tall concrete arch dam that impounded Lake Mills reservoir on the Elwha River in Clallam County, Washington. As of 2025, it is the tallest dam ever to be intentionally breached.

Built in 1927, Glines Canyon Dam was located 13 miles (21 km) upriver from the mouth of the Elwha River at the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and about 8 miles (13 km) upriver from Elwha Dam. Both dams lay within Olympic National Park, established in 1938. The National Park Service demolished Glines Canyon Dam in 2014 as part of the restoration of the Elwha River (Elwha Dam was demolished in 2011–2012). The project was the largest dam removal in history until the restoration of the lower Klamath River in the 2020s.
Gnutella2
Gnutella2, often referred to as G2, is a peer-to-peer protocol developed mainly by Michael Stokes and released in 2002.

While inspired by the gnutella protocol, G2 shares little of its design with the exception of its connection handshake and download mechanics.

G2 adopts an extensible binary packet format and an entirely new search algorithm.

Furthermore, G2 has a related (but significantly different) network topology and an improved metadata system, which helps effectively to reduce fake files, such as viruses, on the network.

Shareaza
Shareaza is a peer-to-peer file sharing client running under Microsoft Windows which supports the Gnutella, Gnutella2 (G2), eDonkey, BitTorrent, FTP, HTTP and HTTPS network protocols and handles magnet links, ed2k links, and the now deprecated gnutella and Piolet links. It is available in 30 languages.

Shareaza was developed by Michael Stokes until June 1, 2004, and has since been maintained by a group of volunteers. On June 1, 2004, Shareaza 2.0 was released, along with the source code, under the GNU General Public License (GPL-2.0-or-later), making it free software.
Mylord Carthago
Mylord Carthago (Mylord Carthago*HN until 2014) is a gray Selle Français stallion and show jumping champion. Descended from Almé Z and sired by the Holsteiner stallion Carthago Z, his potential was recognized early on. At the age of seven, he was entrusted to French rider Pénélope Leprevost, who trained him. The pair went on to win European and World show jumping runner-up titles in 2010 and 2012. Mylord was also one of France's last national stallions and the threat of his sale from France in 2014 led to negative reactions from the show jumping public and political figures. Diagnosed with cervical osteoarthritis, Mylord was retired from jumping in 2014 to be a full-time breeding stallion.

Carthago (show jumping horse)
Carthago (b. 1987, d. May 21, 2013) was a gray stallion of the Holsteiner studbook, ridden in show jumping by Bo Kristoferrssen and then Jos Lansink, with whom he won the Aachen, Rotterdam and La Baule Nations Cups. He is considered one of the best sons of Capitol I. He in turn became an important sire, notably of Mylord Carthago.
Krunal Pandya
Krunal Himanshu Pandya (born 24 March 1991) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Baroda in domestic cricket and Royal Challengers Bengaluru in the Indian Premier League (IPL). He is an all-rounder who bats left-handed and bowls slow left-arm orthodox. He made his T20I debut for India in November 2018. In 2021, he scored the fastest half-century by a cricketer on ODI debut. He also formerly captained the Lucknow Super Giants in the IPL. He is the elder brother of cricketer Hardik Pandya.

Hardik Pandya
Hardik Himanshu Pandya (born 11 October 1993) is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the Indian cricket team. He is an all-rounder who is a right-handed middle order batsman and fast-medium bowler. He is considered one of the best all-rounders in the world in white-ball cricket. Pandya is the first fast-bowling all-rounder in T20Is to complete 1,000 runs and 100 wickets. He captains Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League and occasionally plays for Baroda in domestic cricket. He has captained the Indian team in white-ball cricket and was the vice captain of the team that won the 2024 T20 World Cup.
Saint Lucian Creole
Saint Lucian Creole (Kwéyòl [kwejɔl]) is a French-based creole language that is widely spoken in Saint Lucia. It is the vernacular language of the country and is spoken alongside the official language of English.

Kwéyòl is a variety of Antillean Creole, and like other varieties spoken in the Caribbean, it combines the syntax of African language origins and a Latin-based vocabulary as shared by the French. Like its similar Dominican counterpart, some words are derived from the English, French and African languages. There has also been a recorded syntactical influence of the Carib language.

It remains in widespread use in Saint Lucia across the island. Though it is not an official language, the government and media houses present information in Kwéyòl alongside English.

Antillean Creole
Antillean Creole (also known as Lesser Antillean Creole, Kreyol, or Patois) is a creole language that is primarily spoken in the Lesser Antilles. Its grammar and vocabulary include elements of Indigenous languages, African languages, French, and English.
Atmospheric window
An atmospheric window is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum that can pass through the atmosphere of Earth. The optical, infrared and radio windows comprise the three main atmospheric windows. The windows provide direct channels for Earth's surface to receive electromagnetic energy from the Sun, and for thermal radiation from the surface to leave to space. Atmospheric windows are useful for astronomy, remote sensing, telecommunications and other science and technology applications.

In the study of the greenhouse effect, the term atmospheric window may be limited to mean the infrared window, which is the primary escape route for a fraction of the thermal radiation emitted near the surface. In other fields of science and technology, such as radio astronomy and remote sensing, the term is used as a hypernym, covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum as in the present article.

Radio window
The radio window is the region of the radio spectrum that penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Typically, the lower limit of the radio window's range has a value of about 10 MHz (λ ≈ 30 m); the best upper limit achievable from optimal terrestrial observation sites is equal to approximately 1 THz (λ ≈ 0.3 mm).

It plays an important role in astronomy; up until the 1940s, astronomers could only use the visible and near infrared spectra for their measurements and observations. With the development of radio telescopes, the radio window became more and more utilizable, leading to the development of radio astronomy that provided astrophysicists with valuable observational data.
Leyburn, Queensland
Leyburn (pronounced Lee-burn) is a rural town in the Southern Downs Region and a locality split between the South Downs Region and the Toowoomba Region in Queensland, Australia.
In the 2021 census, the locality of Leyburn had a population of 566.

Southern Downs Region
The Southern Downs Region is a local government area (LGA) in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia. The region runs along the state's southern boundary with New South Wales and was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Warwick and the Shire of Stanthorpe. As at 2024, it has an area of 7,088 square kilometres (2,737 sq mi).

In the 2021 census, the Southern Downs Region had a population of 36,290 people.