hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Domus Tiberiana
The Domus Tiberiana was an Imperial Roman palace in ancient Rome, located on the northwest corner of the Palatine Hill. It probably takes its name from a house built by the Emperor Tiberius, who is known to have lived on the Palatine, though no sources mention his having built a residence. It was enlarged by the successors to Tiberius, and would have been the principal Roman residence of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero during the early part of his reign. Relatively little is known of the structure archaeologically, since the Farnese Gardens have occupied the site of the main level since the 16th century, making excavation difficult.

Palatine Hill
The Palatine Hill (/ˈpælətaɪn/ PAL-ə-tyne; Classical Latin: Palatium; New Latin: Collis/Mons Palatinus; Italian: Palatino [palaˈtiːno]), which relative to the seven hills of Rome is the centremost, is one of the most ancient parts of the city; it has been called "the first nucleus of the Roman Empire". The site is now mainly a large open-air museum whilst the Palatine Museum houses many finds from the excavations here and from other ancient Italian sites.

Imperial palaces were built there, starting with Augustus. Before imperial times the hill was mostly occupied by the houses of the rich.

The hill originally had two summits separated by a depression: the higher summit was called Palatium; the lower Germalus (or Cermalus). Using the Forma Urbis its perimeter enclosed 63 acres (25 ha); while the Regionary Catalogues of the 4th century enclose 131 acres (53 ha).
Alan Lai
Alan Lai Nin GBS, JP (Chinese: 黎年, born 3 June 1951) is a Hong Kong politician and civil servant who served as the Director-General of the Trade and Industry Department from 1996 to 1999, Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption from 1999 to 2002 and the Ombudsman of the Office of the Ombudsman from 2009 until his retirement in 2014. He is now a consultant with the Independent Police Complaints Council.

In 2015, Lai was appointed as Commissioner of the Inquiry into the incidents of excess lead found in drinking water.

Gold Bauhinia Star
The Gold Bauhinia Star (Chinese: 金紫荊星章, GBS) is the highest rank in Order of the Bauhinia Star, under the honours system of Hong Kong, created in 1997 to replace the British honours system after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).

It is awarded to individuals who have given distinguished service to the community or rendered public or voluntary services of a very high degree of merit.
Mina Kobayashi
Mina Kobayashi (小林 未奈, Kobayashi Mina; born July 20, 2002 in Kushiro) is a Japanese curler from Sapporo, Hokkaido. She is the alternate on the FORTIUS curling team, which is skipped by Sayaka Yoshimura. At the international level, she represented Japan at the 2019 World Mixed Curling Championship and the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, winning silver in the mixed team competition.

Sayaka Yoshimura
Sayaka Yoshimura (吉村 紗也香, Yoshimura Sayaka; born January 30, 1992 in Kitami) is a Japanese curler from Sapporo, Hokkaido. She is the skip of the FORTIUS curling team, which won the Japan Curling Championships in 2015, 2021 and 2025. At the international level, she has represented Japan three times at the World Women's Curling Championship (2015, 2021, 2025) and two Pacific-Asia Curling Championships in 2014 and 2021, winning the gold medal in 2021.
South Beloit, Illinois
South Beloit is a city in Winnebago County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburban extension of Beloit, Wisconsin, located along the Illinois–Wisconsin border within the Rockford metropolitan area. The population was 7,989 at the 2020 census.

Winnebago County, Illinois
Winnebago County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 285,350 making it the seventh most populous county in Illinois behind Cook County and its five surrounding collar counties. Its county seat is Rockford. Winnebago County is the central county of the Rockford metropolitan area.
Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford
Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford (7 January 1535 – 18 October 1603) was the second surviving son of Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Ursula Pole. He was the younger brother of Henry Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford. He served in Parliament for Stafford and succeeded his brother to the barony in 1566.

Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford
Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (18 September 1501 – 30 April 1563) was an English nobleman. After the execution for treason in 1521 and posthumous attainder of his father Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, with the forfeiture of all the family's estates and titles, he managed to regain some of his family's position and was created Baron Stafford in 1547. However his family never truly recovered from the blow and thenceforward gradually declined into obscurity, with his descendant the 6th Baron being requested by King Charles I in 1639 to surrender the barony on account of his poverty.
Qayrat Umbetov
Qairat Jarylqasynūly Ümbetov (Kazakh: Қайрат Жарылқасынұлы Үмбетов, born 10 September 1977) is a Kazakh military officer who has served as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard for Morale, Welfare and Rights Advocacy since 2022.

Ümbetov is awarded People's Hero of Kazakhstan.

Hero of Kazakhstan
The title of People's Hero of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Халық қаһарманы, romanized: Halyq qaharmany) is the highest distinction conferred by the Republic of Kazakhstan, along with the Order of the Golden Eagle.
Comet Hale–Bopp
Comet Hale–Bopp (formally designated C/1995 O1) is a long-period comet that was one of the most widely observed of the 20th century and one of the brightest seen for many decades.

Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp discovered Comet Hale–Bopp separately on July 23, 1995, before it became visible to the naked eye. It is difficult to predict the maximum brightness of new comets with any degree of certainty, but Hale–Bopp exceeded most predictions when it passed perihelion on April 1, 1997, reaching about magnitude −1.8. Its massive nucleus size made it visible to the naked eye for a record 18 months.  This is twice as long as the Great Comet of 1811, the previous record holder. Accordingly, Hale–Bopp was dubbed the Great Comet of 1997.

Great Comet of 1811
The Great Comet of 1811, formally designated C/1811 F1, is a comet that was visible to the naked eye for around 260 days, the longest recorded period of visibility until the appearance of Comet Hale–Bopp in 1997. In October 1811, at its brightest, and when it was 1.2 AU from Earth, it displayed an apparent magnitude of 0, with an easily visible coma.
Doug Dohring
Doug Dohring (1957 - September 14, 2023) was an American marketer and entrepreneur. He founded the market research firm, The Dohring Company, in 1986. From 1999 to 2005, he was the CEO of Neopets, Inc. In 2007, he founded Age of Learning, Inc., an edtech company, and was CEO and executive chairman until his death. Dohring was also the chairman of the philanthropic Age of Learning Foundation, a member of the UNESCO Global Education Coalition.

Neopets
Neopets is a free-to-play virtual pet browser game. First launched in 1999, the game allows users to own virtual pets ("Neopets") and explore a virtual world called "Neopia." Players can earn one of two virtual currencies. One currency, called Neopoints, can be obtained for free through on-site features like games, events, and contests. The other, Neocash (NC), is purchased with real-world money and can be exchanged for wearable items for pets.

Players can buy digital food, toys, and other items for their Neopets to keep them happy. They can also customize the appearance of their Neopets by applying different colors, clothing, accessories, and styles. Additionally, users can train their Neopets to fight in the "Battledome," which offers both PvP and PvE battles. Players interact with others through social features like message boards and guilds, or by buying, selling, and trading items with each other.
Otto III, Duke of Carinthia
Otto III (c. 1265 – 25 May 1310), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), was Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol from 1295 until his death. He ruled jointly with his younger brothers Louis and Henry VI.

Henry of Bohemia
Henry of Gorizia (German: Heinrich, Czech: Jindřich Korutanský; c. 1265 – 2 April 1335), a member of the House of Gorizia, was Duke of Carinthia and Landgrave of Carniola (as Henry VI) and Count of Tyrol from 1295 until his death, as well as King of Bohemia, Margrave of Moravia and titular King of Poland in 1306 and again from 1307 until 1310. After his death, the Habsburgs took over Carinthia and Carniola and held them almost without interruption until 1918.
Jacques Antoine Bidermann
Jacques Antoine Bidermann (April 17, 1790 – June 8, 1865), also known as James Antoine Bidermann, was an American businessman of French and Swiss origins who became the business partner and son-in-law of Éleuthère Irénée du Pont. He married into the Du Pont family and founded the estate that later became the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library.

Éleuthère Irénée du Pont
Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours (/djuːˈpɒnt, ˈdjuːpɒnt/ dew-PONT, DEW-pont, French: [eløtɛʁ iʁene dy pɔ̃ d(ə) nəmuʁ]; 24 June 1771 – 31 October 1834) was a French-American chemist and industrialist who founded the gunpowder manufacturer E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. His descendants, the du Pont family, have been one of the richest and most prominent American families since the 19th century, with generations of influential businessmen, politicians and philanthropists. In 1807, du Pont was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in his adopted hometown of Philadelphia.
Discovery Partners Institute
The Discovery Partners Institute (DPI), part of the University of Illinois System, conducts tech workforce development, applied research and business building in Chicago. It is one of 15 Illinois Innovation Network (IIN) hubs, each of which is associated with one or more of the 12 four-year public universities in Illinois. DPI currently operates in office space at 200 South Wacker Drive, with plans to build a dedicated building within The 78, a neighborhood under development in Chicago's South Loop. DPI's goal is to attract world class tech talent to Chicago for tech careers and to facilitate corporate investment in Illinois, primarily through training and education and through applied R&D and business building.

University of Illinois System
The University of Illinois System is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Illinois, consisting of three campuses located in Chicago, Springfield, and Urbana-Champaign. Across all campuses, the University of Illinois System enrolls more than 101,000 students. It had an operating budget of $7.18 billion in 2021. Its oldest university, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, was established as the state's land grant university in 1867.
Retail Food Group
Retail Food Group Limited, often abbreviated as RFG, is an ASX-listed company and Australian franchisor based in Robina, Queensland and operates locations in Australia and New Zealand. It owns numerous brands including Gloria Jean's Coffees, Brumby's Bakeries, Donut King, Di Bella Coffee, The Coffee Guy, Café2U, Pizza Capers and Crust Pizza.

Donut King
Donut King is an Australian multinational doughnut company and quick service restaurant. It specialises in Australian-style doughnuts and coffee. Signature menu items include hot cinnamon donuts, quakeshakes, thickshakes, milkshakes and barista-made DK Coffee Blend.
Baucau Airport
Baucau Airport (Portuguese: Aeroporto de Baucau, Tetum: Aeroportu Baukau, IATA: BCH, ICAO: WPEC), formerly Cakung Airport, is an unattended and mostly unused airport near Baucau, Timor-Leste. It is the largest airport in Timor-Leste and has a much longer runway than Dili's Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport, long enough to handle large commercial airliners.: 22

Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport
Dili Airport (IATA: DIL, ICAO: WPDL), officially Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport (Portuguese: Aeroporto Internacional Presidente Nicolau Lobato, Tetum: Aeroportu Internasional Presidente Nicolau Lobato), and formerly Comoro Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Komoro), is an international airport serving Dili, the capital city of Timor-Leste. Since 2002, the airport has been named after Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (1946–1978), an East Timorese politician and national hero.
Rachel Chernos Lin
Rachel Chernos Lin is a Canadian politician. She is currently a Toronto City Councillor and previously was the chair of the Toronto District School Board (TDSB). On 4 November 2024, she won a by-election to replace the late Jaye Robinson on Toronto City Council. She represents Ward 15 Don Valley West. In 2018, her political career started when she was elected as a TDSB school trustee for Ward 11. She was re-elected as the Ward 11 trustee in the October 2022 municipal election. On 15 November 2022 she was elected as the TDSB’s chair. While a school board trustee, she led the board to join a class-action lawsuit against social media companies because of how their products can potentially affect students negatively. She also serves on the board of directors of the Canadian Film Centre. Chernos Lin lives in the  Don Valley West  electoral district with her husband and two children. She is Jewish and her husband is Asian.

Jaye Robinson
Janet Joy "Jaye" Robinson (December 7, 1962 – May 16, 2024) was a Canadian politician who served as a member of the Toronto City Council from 2010 to 2024. She was the chair of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) from 2018 to 2022. Robinson represented Ward 15 Don Valley West. She died in office on May 16, 2024.
Myhill–Nerode theorem
In the theory of formal languages, the Myhill–Nerode theorem provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a language to be regular. The theorem is named for John Myhill and Anil Nerode, who proved it at the University of Chicago in 1957 (Nerode & Sauer 1957, p. ii).

Regular language
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a regular language (also called a rational language) is a formal language that can be defined by a regular expression, in the strict sense in theoretical computer science (as opposed to many modern regular expression engines, which are augmented with features that allow the recognition of non-regular languages).

Alternatively, a regular language can be defined as a language recognised by a finite automaton. The equivalence of regular expressions and finite automata is known as Kleene's theorem (after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene). In the Chomsky hierarchy, regular languages are the languages generated by Type-3 grammars.
Recirculating aquaculture system
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are used in home aquaria and for fish production where water exchange is limited and the use of biofiltration is required to reduce ammonia toxicity. Other types of filtration and environmental control are often also necessary to maintain clean water and provide a suitable habitat for fish. The main benefit of RAS is the ability to reduce the need for fresh, clean water while still maintaining a healthy environment for fish. To be operated economically commercial RAS must have high fish stocking densities,  and many researchers are currently conducting studies to determine if RAS is a viable form of intensive aquaculture.

Biofilter
Biofiltration is a pollution control technique using a bioreactor containing living material to capture and biologically degrade pollutants.  Common uses include processing waste water, capturing harmful chemicals or silt from surface runoff, and microbiotic oxidation of contaminants in air. Industrial biofiltration can be classified as the process of utilizing biological oxidation to remove volatile organic compounds, odors, and hydrocarbons.
Tadworth
Tadworth is a large suburban village in Surrey, England in the south-east of the Epsom Downs, part of the North Downs. It forms part of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead. At the 2021 census, Tadworth (and Walton-on-the-Hill) had a population of 7,095.

Walton-on-the-Hill
Walton-on-the-Hill is a village in the Reigate and Banstead district, in the county of Surrey, England. It is midway between the market towns of Reigate and Epsom. The village is a dispersed cluster on the North Downs centred less than one mile inside of the M25 motorway.  The village hosts the Walton Heath Golf Club, whose former members include King Edward VIII, Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George. Walton Heath Golf Club was the host of the 1981 Ryder Cup
Spartan League
The Spartan League was a football league in England covering London and adjacent counties. Established in 1907, it merged with the South Midlands League in 1997 to form the Spartan South Midlands League.

Spartan South Midlands Football League
The Spartan South Midlands Football League is an English football league covering Hertfordshire, northwest Greater London, central Buckinghamshire and southern Bedfordshire. It is a feeder to the Southern Football League or the Isthmian League, and consists of five divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), and two for reserve teams (Reserve Division One and Reserve Division Two).

The Premier Division is at step 5 (or level 9) and Division One at step 6 (level 10) of the National League System (NLS) respectively. Division Two, at level 11, and the reserve divisions are not part of the NLS.
Colorado State Highway 59
State Highway 59 (SH 59) is a 173.3-mile-long (278.9 km) state highway in eastern Colorado. SH 59's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 40 (US 40) and US 287 in Kit Carson, and the northern terminus is at US 138 in Sedgwick.

U.S. Route 138
U.S. Highway 138 (US 138), commissioned in 1926, is an east–west U.S. Highway in Colorado and Nebraska that travels predominantly northeast to southwest, paralleling the South Platte River and Interstate 76 (I-76). Similarly to the spurs of the former US 66 and US 99, US 138 is an orphan route. US 38 was commissioned in 1926, but US 6 was extended over it to Long Beach, California (it was subsequently truncated to Bishop, California in 1964). Therefore, US 138 still meets its former parent route's path.
Al-Qubeiba, Jerusalem
Al-Qubeiba (Arabic: القبيبة) is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate of Palestine, located 2 kilometers northwest of Jerusalem in the central West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in 2017, the village had a population of 3,876. Al-Qubeiba lies at an altitude of 783m to 795m above sea-level. It is located in a conflict area near the border with Israel between Ramallah and Jerusalem. The settlement of Giv'on HaHadashah lies 5 km southeast of al-Qubeiba. It is surrounded by the town of Biddu (east), Beit 'Anan (northwest), Qatanna (southwest), and Kharayib Umm al-Lahim (west). Unlike the surrounding region, al-Qubeiba has large areas covered with pine and olive trees.

Qatanna
Qatanna (Arabic: قطنّه) is a Palestinian town in the central West Bank part of the Jerusalem Governorate, located 12 km. northwest of Jerusalem. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 6,981 inhabitants in 2017. Primary health care for the town is level 2.
Darnley Island (Queensland)
Darnley Island, or Erub in the native Papuan language of Meriam Mir, is an island formed by volcanic action and situated in the eastern section of the Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. It is one of the Torres Strait Islands and is located near the Great Barrier Reef and just south of the Bligh entrance. The town on the island is also called Darnley, but the locality is called Erub Island, both being within the local government area of Torres Strait Island Region. In the 2021 census, Erub Island had a population of 326 people, with 292 (89.6%) identifying as Indigenous Australians.

The effective community language is Brokan (Torres Strait Creole), though many people also still speak Meriam Mir, the traditional language.

Torres Strait Island Region
The Torres Strait Island Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia, covering part of the Torres Strait Islands. It was created in March 2008 out of 15 autonomous Island Councils during a period of statewide local government reform. It has offices in each of its 15 communities, and satellite services in Thursday Island and in Cairns (which are outside of the region).

In the 2021 census, the Torres Strait Island Region had a population of 4,124 people.
Frank Wassenberg
Frank P. Wassenberg (born 2 May 1966) is a Dutch politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives for the Party for the Animals between November 2016 and October 2017 and between March 2017 and December 2023. He was the temporary replacement Esther Ouwehand in the former. He serves in the States of Limburg since the 2015 elections, and previously served between 2007 and 2011.

Esther Ouwehand
Esther Ouwehand (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛstər ˈʌuəɦɑnt]; born 10 June 1976) is a Dutch politician and former marketing manager serving as party leader of the Party for the Animals (Dutch: Partij voor de Dieren, PvdD) in the House of Representatives since 2019. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since the 2006 election with two interruptions.
Anglican dioceses of Eastern Uganda
The Anglican dioceses of Eastern Uganda are the Anglican presence in (roughly) the Eastern Region, Uganda; they are part of the Church of Uganda. The remaining dioceses of the Church are in the areas of Buganda, of Northern Uganda, of Ankole and Kigezi, and of Rwenzori.

Anglican dioceses of Ankole and Kigezi
The Anglican dioceses of Ankole and Kigezi are the Anglican presence in (roughly) the ancient Ankole kingdom and the old Kigezi District; they are part of the Church of Uganda. The remaining dioceses of the church are in the areas of Buganda, of Eastern Uganda, of Northern Uganda, and of Rwenzori.
John McDougal Atherton
John McDougal Atherton (April 1, 1841 – June 5, 1932) was an American businessman, property developer, economist, investor and politician based in Louisville, Kentucky. Atherton was elected to one term as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1869 to 1871, and served as a Democrat. As a third generation distiller, he was best known for Atherton Whiskey, a brand he owned until 1899.

Atherton Whiskey
Atherton Whiskey was a pre-prohibition brand of Kentucky Straight Bourbon whiskey first produced by J M Atherton & Co, a chemical and distilling business.

First bottled and marketed in 1867, it was once part of the largest whiskey making operation in Kentucky.
Hip piercing
A hip piercing is a piercing in the pelvic area through the skin near the hip bone.  Hip piercings are often done in couplets with one on each hip, but it is not unusual to see only one. Hips piercing are a type of surface piercing. Microdermals or skin divers can be implanted in the hip area to give a similar appearance.

Surface piercing
Surface piercings are piercings that are found on flat parts of the body, giving a double-pierced look that sits flat against the skin. A surface bar follows the plane of skin, while a standard piercing is pierced through the plane. Standard piercings have an entrance hole with an exit hole that is usually directly behind the entrance hole, whereas with a surface piercing the entrance and exit holes are next to each other on the skin surface.