hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shin'etsu Main Line
The Shinetsu Main Line (Japanese: 信越本線, Hepburn: Shin'etsu-honsen) is a railway line, consisting of three geographically separated sections, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan. It was originally one continuous line connecting Takasaki and Niigata via Nagano. Since the opening and later extension of the Hokuriku Shinkansen, sections running in parallel have either been discontinued or transferred to third-sector railway companies.

The name of the line refers to the old names for Nagano and Niigata prefectures, Shinano (Japanese: 信濃), and Echigo (Japanese: 越後).

The discontinued section through the Usui Pass was famous for its steep 66.7‰ (6.67%) gradient.

Usui Pass
36°20′41″N 138°39′03″E﻿ / ﻿36.3446°N 138.6507°E﻿ / 36.3446; 138.6507

The Usui pass (碓氷峠, / Usui-tōge) is a mountain pass that lies between Nagano and Gunma Prefecture in Japan. It has served as one of the major transportation routes in central Japan since at least the eighth century.
Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty
The Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty  also known as the Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Board of Admiralty  was a position on the Board of Admiralty and a civil officer of the British Royal Navy. It was usually filled by a Member of Parliament. Although he attended Board of Admiralty meetings informally he was not made a full member of that Board until 1929. He served as the deputy to the First Lord of the Admiralty in Parliament and was mainly responsible for all naval finance and spending proposals from 1625 until 1959.

Permanent Secretary to the Admiralty
The Permanent Secretary of the Admiralty was the permanent secretary at the Admiralty, the department of state in Great Britain and subsequently the United Kingdom responsible for the administration of the Royal Navy. He was head of the Admiralty Secretariat, later known as the Department of the Permanent Secretary.  Although he was not a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, he was as a member of the Board, and did attend all meetings. The post existed from 1702 to 1964.
Okur–Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome
Okur-Chung Neurodevelopmental Syndrome (OCNDS) is an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental syndrome first discovered in 2016. It is believed to occur in around 1 in 100,000 live births. OCNDS is caused by pathogenic variants in the CSNK2A1 gene.

Casein kinase 2, alpha 1
Casein kinase II subunit alpha 1 (CK2α) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CSNK2A1 gene, located on chromosome 20.

CK2α is the alpha catalytic subunit of Casein kinase II (CK2). CK2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. The kinase exists in monomeric form and as a tetramer and is composed of two α or α' (alpha prime) subunits and two β subunits; the CK2 holoenzyme has α2β2 stoichiometry. The alpha subunits contain the catalytic activity while the beta subunits undergo autophosphorylation. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit. Three transcript variants encoding two different proteins have been found for this gene. CK2α' paralog is encoded by the CSNK2A2 gene; it differs in the length and sequence of the C-terminus of the protein.
Tann-Dürnten railway station
Tann-Dürnten railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich. The station is situated in the municipality of Dürnten and takes its name from the nearby village of Tann. It is located on the Tösstalbahn (lit. 'Töss Valley Railway') between Winterthur and Rüti ZH, within fare zone 134 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

Tösstal railway line
The Tösstal railway line (Töss Valley Railway, German: Tösstalbahn or TTB) is a railway in the Swiss canton of Zurich, which serves the communities of the upper Töss Valley and the upper Jona Valley. Passenger service on the line now forms part of the Zurich S-Bahn, branded as the S26, and the standard Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV) zonal fare tariffs apply to the line. It is one of the network's less-heavily traveled lines, and most of the route is single-tracked.
Transit node routing
In applied mathematics, transit node routing can be used to speed up shortest-path routing by pre-computing connections between common access nodes to a sub-network relevant to long-distance travel.

Transit node routing as a framework was established in 2007  and many concrete implementations have surfaced in the years after such as approaches using grids, highway hierarchies and contraction hierarchies. Transit node routing is a static approach that requires pre-processing of pair-wise distances between important nodes in the graph (see below how those nodes are chosen). A dynamic approach has not been published.

Shortest path problem
In graph theory, the shortest path problem is the problem of finding a path between two vertices (or nodes) in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized.

The problem of finding the shortest path between two intersections on a road map may be modeled as a special case of the shortest path problem in graphs, where the vertices correspond to intersections and the edges correspond to road segments, each weighted by the length or distance of each segment.
Hsu King-shing
Joseph Hsu King-shing also transliterated as Hsu King-Seng (1910s to 11 February 1986) was a Chinese professional football player and manager. Born in Shanghai, Hsu moved to Hong Kong to continue his professional career and never returned to the mainland China to play nor coach. He coached both Hong Kong and Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as managed Singtao for more than a decade.

Hsu was nicknamed Left-foot King (左腳王) during his career.

Hong Kong national football team
The Hong Kong representation football team (Chinese: 香港足球代表隊; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jūkkàuh doihbíu deuih; recognised as Hong Kong, China by FIFA) represents Hong Kong in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Hong Kong, China, the governing body for football in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong hosted the first AFC Asian Cup in 1956 and won third place, also reaching the semifinals in 1964. Hong Kong did not qualify for another AFC tournament until 2023. They had never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have qualified for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship five times, in 2003, 2010, 2019, 2022 and 2025.
Carl Bechstein
Friedrich Wilhelm Carl Bechstein (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈkaʁl ˈbɛçʃtaɪn]; 1 June 1826 – 6 March 1900) was a German piano designer. He was the maker of C. Bechstein pianos and the founder of C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik.

C. Bechstein
C. Bechstein Pianoforte AG (also known as Bechstein, German pronunciation: [ˈbɛçʃtaɪn]) is a German piano manufacturer of grand and upright pianos, established in Berlin in 1853 by piano designer Carl Bechstein.
Antarctic toothfish
The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni), also known as the Antarctic cod, is a large, black or brown fish found in very cold (even subzero) waters of the Southern Ocean near Antarctica. It is the largest species of bony fish in the Southern Ocean, feeding largely on smaller fishes and crustaceans, and, in turn, preyed on by orcas, other toothed whales, and seals. It is caught for food and marketed as Chilean sea bass together with its sister species, the more northerly Patagonian toothfish (D. eliginoides). Often mistakenly called "Antarctic cod", the Antarctic toothfish is a species in the (Nototheniidae), a family of fishes abundant in subantarctic waters.

Nototheniidae
In some scientific literature, the term "cod icefish" is used to identify members of this family. This should not be confused with the term "icefish," which refers to the "white-blooded" fishes of the family Channichthyidae. See Icefish (disambiguation).

Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes, is a family of ray-finned fishes, part of the suborder Notothenioidei which is traditionally placed within the order Perciformes. They are largely found in the Southern Ocean.
2004 Sultan Qaboos Cup
The 2004 Sultan Qaboos Cup was the 32nd edition of the Sultan Qaboos Cup (Arabic: كأس السلطان قابوس), the premier knockout tournament for football teams in Oman.

The competition began on 15 September 2004 with the Round of 32 and concluded on 23 November 2004. Ruwi Club were the defending champions, having won their first title in 2003. Dhofar S.C.S.C. were crowned the champions of the 2004 Sultan Qaboos Cup, winning the title for the sixth time. They defeated Muscat Club 1-0. .

Muscat Club
Muscat Club (Arabic: نادي مسقط) is an Omani sports club based in Muscat. The club's football section competes in the Oman First Division League, the second highest league of the Oman Football Association. The club was established in 2004, following the merger of two clubs, Al-Bustan and Roy. Their home ground is Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex. They also recognize the older Royal Oman Police Stadium as their home ground.
Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.

Intrusive rock
Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.

Intrusion is one of the two ways igneous rock can form. The other is extrusion, such as a volcanic eruption or similar event. An intrusion is any body of intrusive igneous rock, formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet. In contrast, an extrusion consists of extrusive rock, formed above the surface of the crust.

Some geologists use the term plutonic rock synonymously with intrusive rock, but other geologists subdivide intrusive rock, by crystal size, into coarse-grained plutonic rock (typically formed deeper in the Earth's crust in batholiths or stocks) and medium-grained subvolcanic or hypabyssal rock (typically formed higher in the crust in dikes and sills).
Redheffer matrix
In mathematics, a Redheffer matrix, often denoted  as studied by Redheffer (1977), is a square (0,1) matrix whose entries aij are 1 if i divides j or if j = 1; otherwise, aij = 0. It is useful in some contexts to express Dirichlet convolution, or convolved divisors sums, in terms of matrix products involving the transpose of the  Redheffer matrix.

Logical matrix
A logical matrix, binary matrix, relation matrix, Boolean matrix, or (0, 1)-matrix is a matrix with entries from the Boolean domain B = {0, 1}. Such a matrix can be used to represent a binary relation between a pair of finite sets. It is an important tool in combinatorial mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Pangasinan State University
Pangasinan State University (Filipino: Pamantasang Pampamahalaan ng Pangasinan), also referred to by its acronym PSU or PangSU,) is a public university in Pangasinan province, Philippines. The university was founded in its current form in 1979, although its origins trace back to the 1920s. PSU is notable for its many locations throughout the province of Pangasinan. It is mandated to provide advanced instruction in the arts, agricultural and natural sciences as well as in technological and professional fields. Its main campus is located in Lingayen, Pangasinan. Other campuses are located in Alaminos, Asingan, Bayambang, Binmaley, Infanta, San Carlos City, Santa Maria, and Urdaneta City. The PSU School of Advanced Studies (SAS) is located in Urdaneta City and the Open University Systems (OUS) is located in Lingayen Campus.

Bayambang
Bayambang, officially the Municipality of Bayambang (Pangasinan: Baley na Bayambang; Ilocano: Ili ti Bayambang; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bayambang), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 129,506 people.

It previously included the municipalities of Bautista, Alcala, Santo Tomas, Rosales, Paniqui, Gerona and Camiling. It was founded in the 16th century by Agalet, an Aeta.

Bayambang is the former seat of the 5th Capital of the Revolutionary Philippine Republic. It celebrates its Malangsi Fishtival [sic] in the 1st week of April ("Kalutan tan Gayaga ed Dalan"). Bayambang is the seat of the Pangasinan State University and its Colleges of Nursing and Education.
Glensheen Historic Estate
Glensheen, the Historic Congdon Estate is a 20,000 square foot mansion in Duluth, Minnesota, United States, operated by the University of Minnesota Duluth as a historic house museum. Glensheen sits on 12 acres of waterfront property on Lake Superior, has 39 rooms and is built in the Jacobean architectural tradition, inspired by the Beaux-Arts styles of the era. The mansion was constructed as the family home of Chester Adgate Congdon. The building was designed by Minnesota architect Clarence H. Johnston Sr., with interiors designed by William A. French Co. and the formal terraced garden and English style landscape designed by the Charles Wellford Leavitt firm out of New York. Construction began in 1905 and was completed in 1908. The home cost a total of $854,000, equivalent to more than $22 million in 2017. The home is a crowning example of design and craftmanship of the Midwestern United States in the early 20th century.

University of Minnesota Duluth
The University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) is a public university in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the University of Minnesota System. UMD offers 17 bachelor's degrees in 87 majors, graduate programs in 24 different fields, a four-year program at the School of Medicine, and a four-year College of Pharmacy program.
Oda Nobukatsu
Oda Nobukatsu (織田 信雄; 1558 – June 10, 1630) also known as Kitabatake Tomotoyo was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was the second son of Oda Nobunaga. He was adopted as the head of the Kitabatake clan from Ise Province. He survived the decline of the Oda clan from political prominence, becoming a daimyō in the early Edo period. Though often described as an incompetent general, Nobukatsu was a skilled warrior. In the battle of Komaki and Nagakute, he used a 13th-century tachi of the Fukuoka Ichimonji school, to slay a samurai known as Okada Sukesaburō. The blade came to be known as "Okada-giri Yoshifusa", now a national treasure.

Oda Nobutada
Oda Nobutada (織田 信忠; 1557 – June 21, 1582) was a samurai and the eldest son of Oda Nobunaga, who fought in many battles during the Sengoku period of Japan. He commanded armies under his father in battles against Matsunaga Hisahide and against the Takeda clan.
Mike Portnoy
Michael Stephen Portnoy (born April 20, 1967) is an American musician best known as the drummer, backing vocalist, and co-founder of the progressive metal band Dream Theater.

In September 2010, Portnoy announced his departure from Dream Theater after 25 years, with Mike Mangini succeeding him as the band’s drummer. In October 2023, 13 years after his departure, the band announced his return. Both before and during his time away from Dream Theater, Portnoy remained active with a variety of bands and projects, including Adrenaline Mob, Avenged Sevenfold, Transatlantic, Yellow Matter Custard, Flying Colors, the Winery Dogs, Liquid Tension Experiment, Metal Allegiance, Sons of Apollo, the Neal Morse Band, and BPMD.

Adrenaline Mob
Adrenaline Mob is an American heavy metal supergroup formed in early 2011 by singer Russell Allen, guitarist Mike Orlando and drummer Mike Portnoy. The band's current lineup consists of Allen, Orlando, and drummer Jordan Cannata.
Ayakashi: Samurai Horror Tales
Ayakashi: Samurai Horror Tales, known in Japan as Ayakashi: Japanese Classic Horror (怪 〜ayakashi〜 Japanese Classic Horror), is a Japanese anime horror anthology television series produced by Toei Animation.

The series is made up of three stories: "Yotsuya Ghost Story" (Yotsuya Kaidan), an adaptation of the classic kabuki play by Nanboku Tsuruya IV; "Goddess of the Dark Tower" (Tenshu Monogatari), based on the play by Kyōka Izumi; and "Goblin Cat" (Bakeneko), an original story by Kenji Nakamura and Michiko Yokote.

A spin-off series, titled Mononoke, aired in 2007.

Yotsuya Kaidan
Yotsuya Kaidan (四谷怪談), the story of Oiwa and Tamiya Iemon, is a tale of betrayal, murder and onryō (a revenant).

Arguably the most famous kaidan (Japanese ghost story) of all time, Yotsuya Kaidan has been adapted to film over 30 times and continues to influence Japanese horror today. Written in 1825 by Tsuruya Nanboku IV as a kabuki play, the original title was Tōkaidō Yotsuya Kaidan (東海道四谷怪談, Ghost Story of Yotsuya in Tokaido). It is now generally shortened, and loosely translates as Ghost Story of Yotsuya.
Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT), located in Gembloux, Belgium, is one of the eleven faculties of the University of Liège. Founded in 1860 and previously known as the Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux (FUSAGx, French for: Gembloux Agronomical University), it is Belgium's oldest educational and research institution dedicated to agronomic sciences and biological engineering. It is the only school in Belgium to be accredited by the French Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur allowing the university to deliver the Diplôme d'Ingénieur engineering degree. The school is also accredited by the EUR-ACE label, the highest European quality label for engineering degree programmes at Bachelor and Master level.

Prior to 2009, it was an independent public university of the French Community of Belgium.

Gembloux
Gembloux (French: [ʒɑ̃blu] ⓘ; Walloon: Djiblou; Dutch: Gembloers [ˈɣɛmbluːrs]) is a municipality and city of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

On 1 January 2006, the municipality had 21,964 inhabitants. The total area is 95.86 km2, yielding a population density of 229 inhabitants per km2. The mayor, who was elected on 8 October 2006, is Benoît Dispa.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Beuzet, Bossière, Bothey, Corroy-le-Château, Ernage, Gembloux, Grand-Leez, Grand-Manil, Isnes, Lonzée, Mazy, and Sauvenière.

This city is well known for its Agricultural University and for its cutlery. The university is housed in the historical Abbey of Gembloux, which dates from the tenth century.

Gembloux's belfry is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, in recognition of its architecture and testimony to the rise in municipal power in the area.
Cepheus (constellation)
Cepheus is a constellation in the deep northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.

The constellation's brightest star is Alderamin (Alpha Cephei), with an apparent magnitude of 2.5. Delta Cephei is the prototype of an important class of star known as a Cepheid variable. RW Cephei, an orange hypergiant, together with the red supergiants Mu Cephei, MY Cephei, VV Cephei, V381 Cephei, and V354 Cephei are among the largest stars known. In addition, Cepheus also has the hyperluminous quasar S5 0014+81, which hosts an ultramassive black hole in its core, reported at 40 billion solar masses, about 10,000 times more massive than the central black hole of the Milky Way, making this among the most massive black holes currently known.

V381 Cephei
V381 Cephei (HR 8164) is a triple star system in the northern constellation of Cepheus.  Its apparent magnitude is slightly variable between 5.5 and 5.7. It is faintly visible to the naked eye under good observing conditions.

The star was discovered to be a variable star in 1991, by Elaine M. Halbedel. It was given its variable star designation, V381 Cephei, in 1995.
The Isis Magazine
The Isis is a student publication at the University of Oxford, where the magazine was established in 1892. Historically a rival to the student newspaper Cherwell, Isis was finally acquired by the latter's publishing house, Oxford Student Publications Limited, in the late 1990s. It now operates as a termly magazine and website, providing an outlet for features journalism, although for most of its life it appeared weekly. The two publications are named after the two rivers in Oxford, "Isis" being the local name for the River Thames.

Cherwell (newspaper)
Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ CHAR-wel) is a student newspaper published entirely by students of Oxford University. Founded in 1920 and named after a local river, Cherwell is a subsidiary of independent student publishing house Oxford Student Publications Ltd. Receiving no university funding, the newspaper is one of the oldest and largest student publications in the UK. The paper is published five times each term.
Taftsville Covered Bridge
The Taftsville Covered Bridge is a timber-framed covered bridge which spans the Ottauquechee River in the Taftsville village of Woodstock, Vermont, in the United States. Built in 1836 and exhibiting no influence from patented bridge designs, it is among the oldest remaining covered bridges both in Vermont and the nation as a whole.

Taftsville Historic District
The Taftsville Historic District encompasses a historic 19th-century industrial village that is mostly in Woodstock, Vermont. Flanking the Ottauquechee River and extending up Happy Valley Road, the area developed around a metal tool factory established by members of the Taft family in 1793. Important elements from its early history include the Taftsville Store, built by the Taft family in 1840, and the Taftsville Covered Bridge, built in 1836. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
Dustin Rowe
Dustin Rowe (born September 23, 1975) is an American attorney from Oklahoma who has served as a justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court since 2019. He is a former city attorney and one-time city councilman. From 1994 to 1999, he was mayor of Tishomingo, a city of about 3,000 people in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

Tishomingo, Oklahoma
Tishomingo is the largest city in and the county seat of Johnston County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 3,101 as of the 2020 census, an increase of 2.2% over the population of 3,034 reported at the 2010 census. It was the first capital of the Chickasaw Nation, from 1856 until Oklahoma statehood in 1907. The city is home to Murray State College, a community college with an annual enrollment of 3,000 students. Tishomingo is part of the Texoma region.