hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Élisa Garnerin
Élisa Garnerin (1791 – 1853) was a French balloonist and parachutist. She was the niece of the pioneer parachutist André-Jacques Garnerin, and took advantage of his name and of the novelty of a woman performing what were at the time extremely daring feats. She was a determined businesswoman, and at times got into trouble with the police for the disturbance her performances caused, failure to pay all taxes due and failure to deliver all that her advertising had promised. She toured the provinces of France, Spain, Italy, and other parts of Europe, making 39 descents in all between 1815 and 1835.

André-Jacques Garnerin
André-Jacques Garnerin (French: [ɑ̃dʁeʒak ɡaʁn(ə)ʁɛ̃]; 31 January 1769 – 18 August 1823) was a French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. He was appointed Official Aeronaut of France.
Collision cascade
In condensed-matter physics, a collision cascade (also known as a displacement cascade or a displacement spike) is a set of nearby adjacent energetic (much higher than ordinary thermal energies) collisions of atoms induced by an energetic particle in a solid or liquid.

If the maximum atom or ion energies in a collision cascade are higher than the threshold displacement energy of the material (tens of eVs or more), the collisions can permanently displace atoms from their lattice sites and produce defects. The initial energetic atom can be, e.g., an ion from a particle accelerator, an atomic recoil produced by a passing high-energy neutron, electron or photon, or be produced when a radioactive nucleus decays and gives the atom a recoil energy.

The characteristics of collision cascades can vary greatly depending on the energy and mass of the recoil or incoming ion, as well as the material's density (stopping power).

Threshold displacement energy
In materials science, the threshold displacement energy (Td) is the minimum kinetic energy that an atom in a solid needs to be permanently displaced from its site in the lattice to a defect position. It is also known as "displacement threshold energy" or just "displacement energy". In a crystal, a separate threshold displacement energy exists for each crystallographic direction. Then one should distinguish between the minimum (Td,min) and average (Td,ave) over all lattice directions' threshold displacement energies. In amorphous solids, it may be possible to define an effective displacement energy to describe some other average quantity of interest. Threshold displacement energies in typical solids are of the order of 10-50 eV.
Radford, Virginia
Radford (formerly Lovely Mount, Central City, English Ferry and Ingle's Ferry) is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of 2020, the population was 16,070 by the United States Census Bureau. For statistical purposes, the Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Radford with neighboring Montgomery County.

Radford is included in the Blacksburg–Christiansburg metropolitan area.

Radford is the home of Radford University. Despite its name, the Radford Arsenal, historically a major employer of   city residents, is in neighboring Pulaski and Montgomery counties. Radford City has four schools: McHarg Elementary, Belle Heth Elementary, Dalton Intermediate, and Radford High School.

Pulaski County, Virginia
Pulaski County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,800. Its county seat is Pulaski. Pulaski County is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area.
Spede Pasanen
Pertti Olavi "Spede" Pasanen (10 April 1930 – 7 September 2001) was a Finnish film director and producer, comedian, and inventor, who has been called an "all-around entertainer". During his career he directed, wrote, produced or acted in about 50 movies and participated in numerous TV productions, including the comedy Spede Show and the game-show Speden Spelit. Much of his more commercial work was in collaboration with Vesa-Matti Loiri (whose most popular character created by Pasanen was Uuno Turhapuro; first in TV sketches and then in a long-lasting series of motion pictures) and Simo Salminen. Pasanen's films and TV shows, often made quickly and on a low budget, usually received little critical recognition but were popular among Finnish audiences from the 1960s onwards. He was the owner of his own film production company, Filmituotanto Spede Pasanen Ky. Pasanen was ranked 17th at the Suuret suomalaiset competition show broadcast by Yleisradio.

Speden Spelit
Speden Spelit (formerly Spede Special, Spedestroika and Speden sallitut leikit) is a television game show presented by Spede Pasanen. It aired first on the Finnish channel Kolmoskanava in 1988 and from 1993 to 2002 on MTV3.
2023 Overwatch League Grand Finals
The 2023 Overwatch League Grand Finals was the sixth, and final, championship match of the Overwatch League (OWL), which took place on October 1, 2023. The series marked the conclusion of the 2023 Overwatch League playoffs and was played between the Houston Outlaws and the Florida Mayhem at the Mattamy Athletic Centre in Toronto, Canada.

Houston entered the season playoffs as the fifth seed and lost their opening match against the Mayhem in the group stage. They defeated the Seoul Infernal and Dallas Fuel in the groups to advance to the semifinals, where they defeated the Hangzhou Spark. Florida entered as the third seed, and after defeating the Outlaws, they defeated the Dallas Fuel to advance to the semifinals, where they defeated the Boston Uprising.

The Mayhem defeated the Outlaws by a score of 4–0 to win their first OWL championship.

2023 Overwatch League playoffs
The 2023 Overwatch League playoffs were the postseason tournament of the 2023 Overwatch League regular season. The tournament began on September 28 and concluded with the 2023 Grand Finals, the sixth championship match of the Overwatch League (OWL), on October 1. Eight teams contested the OWL playoffs, beginning with two four-team double-elimination tournaments leading into a four-team single-elimination tournament. All playoff matches took place at the Mattamy Athletic Centre in Toronto, Canada.

The defending OWL champions were the Dallas Fuel, who won the title against the San Francisco Shock in the 2022 OWL Grand Finals.
British Motor Corporation
The British Motor Corporation Limited (BMC) was a UK-based vehicle manufacturer formed in early 1952 to give effect to an agreed merger of the Morris and Austin businesses.

BMC acquired the shares in Morris Motors and the Austin Motor Company. Morris Motors, the holding company of the productive businesses of the Nuffield Organization, owned MG, Riley, and Wolseley.

The agreed exchange of shares in Morris or Austin for shares in the new holding company, BMC, became effective in mid-April 1952.

In September 1965, BMC took control of its major supplier of bodies, Pressed Steel, acquiring Jaguar's body supplier in the process. In September 1966, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars. In December 1966, BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings Limited (BMH).

BMH merged, in May 1968, with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, which made trucks and buses and owned both Standard-Triumph International Limited and the Rover Company to become British Leyland.

Riley Motor
Riley
was a British motorcar and bicycle manufacturer from 1890. Riley became part of the Nuffield Organization in 1938 and was merged into the British Leyland Motor Corporation in 1968. In July 1969 British Leyland announced the immediate end of Riley production, although 1969 was a difficult year for the UK automotive industry and many cars from Riley's inventory may have been first registered in 1970.

Today, the Riley trademark is owned by BMW.
Keyspace (distributed data store)
A keyspace (or key space) in a NoSQL data store is an object that holds together all column families of a design. It is the outermost grouping of the data in the data store. It resembles the schema concept in Relational database management systems. Generally, there is one keyspace per application.

Column family
A column family is a database object that contains columns of related data. It is a tuple (pair) that consists of a key–value pair, where the key is mapped to a value that is a set of columns. In analogy with relational databases, a column family is as a "table", each key-value pair being a "row". Each column is a tuple (triplet) consisting of a column name, a value, and a timestamp.  In a relational database table, this data would be grouped together within a table with other non-related data.

Two types of column families exist:

Standard column family: contains only columns

Super column family: contains a map of super columns
Nikon D80
The Nikon D80 is a digital single-lens reflex camera model announced by Nikon on August 9, 2006. The camera shipped the first week of September to US retailers. Considered by many to be a hybrid of design elements of the entry-level D50 and high-end D200 cameras, it occupied the same price bracket the Nikon D70  did at the time of its release. It was replaced by the Nikon D90 in August 2008.

Nikon D200
The Nikon D200 is a 10.2-megapixel digital single-lens reflex camera that falls between entry-level/midrange DSLR cameras such as the Nikon D40, Nikon D40x, and D80 and high-end models such as the Nikon D2Hs and D2Xs.  It was released by the Nikon Corporation in November 2005.  The D200 was succeeded by the D300 in August 2007.
Marquess Daeryeong
Marquess Daeryeong (Korean: 대령후; Hanja: 大寧侯; b. 1130), personal name Wang Kyŏng (왕경; 王暻) was a Goryeo Royal Prince as the second son of King Injong and Queen Gongye, also the older brother of Myeongjong and Sinjong. His mother always preferred him and wanted to pass the crown prince title to him instead of his brothers, but his father never agreed to it. Due to this, he had conflicts with King Uijong after his ascension.

He was married to Wang On, Duke Gangneung (강릉공 왕온)'s second daughter.

Queen Gongye
Queen Gongye of the Jangheung Im clan (Korean: 공예왕후 임씨; Hanja: 恭睿王后 任氏; 2 October 1109 – 2 December 1183) was a Korean queen consort as the 3rd wife of King Injong of Goryeo. As his favourite and beloved wife, she was the mother of his three successors (Uijong, Myeongjong, Sinjong) and most of his children.
Cluster decay
Cluster decay, also known as heavy particle radioactivity, is a rare type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits a small cluster of protons and neutrons, that is to say an atomic nucleus. The emitted nucleus (cluster) is larger than an alpha particle (a 42He  nucleus) which has two protons and two neutrons), but is smaller than the typical fragments produced in spontaneous fission. In a nuclear fission process, the masses of the two nuclei that emerge are usually relatively close to one another.

The cluster decay process is a way for a heavy, unstable atom to become more stable. For example, an atom of 22388Ra can emit a 146C nucleus (which contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons) and transform into a more stable 20982Pb atom.

Cluster decay was theoretically predicted in 1980 by Aureliu Săndulescu, Dorin N. Poenaru, and Walter Greiner, and was first experimentally confirmed in 1984 by H. J. Rose and G. A. Jones.

Spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay in which a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei. In contrast to induced fission, there is no inciting particle to trigger the decay; it is a purely probabilistic process.

Spontaneous fission is a dominant decay mode for superheavy elements, with nuclear stability generally falling as nuclear mass increases. It thus forms a practical limit to heavy element nucleon number. Heavier nuclides may be created instantaneously by physical processes, both natural (via the r-process) and artificial, though rapidly decay to more stable nuclides. As such, apart from minor decay branches in primordial radionuclides, spontaneous fission is not observed in nature.

Observed fission half-lives range from 60 nanoseconds (252104Rf) to greater than the current age of the universe (23290Th).: 16
The Long Days of Summer
The Long Days of Summer is a 1980 American made-for-television drama film and a sequel to When Every Day Was the Fourth of July (1978). Taking place one year later, the story follows now 13-year-old Danny (Ronnie Scribner, taking over the role played Chris Peterson in the 1978 film) and the Cooper family in 1938, as they begin to experience the effects of growing antisemitism in their small New England town, paralleling what is happening overseas in Adolf Hitler's Germany. The film was produced and directed by Dan Curtis and stars Dean Jones, Donald Moffat, Scribner and Louanne.

When Every Day Was the Fourth of July
When Every Day Was the Fourth of July is a 1978 American made-for-television drama film about a Jewish-American family in 1937 Bridgeport, Connecticut. The film was written, produced and directed by Dan Curtis, and stars Dean Jones, Geoffrey Lewis, Chris Petersen, and Katy Kurtzman.

Narrated in first person flashback, the story follows Daniel Cooper (Petersen), a 12-year-old boy and his family who find themselves defending the town misfit Albert "Snowman" Cavanaugh (Lewis) after he is accused of murder. It was followed by the 1980 ABC television film sequel The Long Days of Summer.
Olympia Brewery
The 1906 Olympia Brewery, known locally as "the Old Brewery", is a historic brewery located at the base of Tumwater Falls in Tumwater, Washington. The brewery was once the manufacturing site for Olympia Beer. The original brewhouse is part of the Tumwater Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Olympia Brewing Company
The Olympia Brewing Company was a brewery which operated at the Olympia Brewery in Tumwater, Washington. It was founded in 1896 by Leopold Friederich Schmidt and bought by G. Heileman Brewing Company in 1983. Through a series of consolidations, it was acquired by Pabst Brewing Company in 1999. The Tumwater brewery was closed in 2003.
Financial Services Agency
The Financial Services Agency (金融庁, Kin'yū-chō; FSA) is a Japanese government agency and an integrated financial regulator responsible for overseeing banking, securities and exchange, and insurance sectors in order to ensure the stability of the financial system of Japan. The agency operates with a Commissioner and reports to the Minister of State for Financial Services. It oversees the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission and the Certified Public Accountants and Auditing Oversight Board. Its main office is located in Tokyo.

Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission
The Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission (証券取引等監視委員会, shouken torihikitou kanshi iinkai; SESC) is a Japanese commission which comes under the authority of the Financial Services Agency. It is responsible for “ensuring fair transactions in both securities and financial futures markets.”

Its current Chairman is Mitsuhiro Hasegawa, who assumed the post in 2017. There are two chairmen, Shinya Fukuda, and Masayuki Yoshida.
Yeongdong Line
The Yeongdong Line is a line of Korail.  It connects Yeongju in North Gyeongsang Province with Gangneung in Gangwon Province.  From Yeongju, it crosses the Taebaek Mountains and reaches the Sea of Japan (East Sea) at Donghae, thence proceeding north to Gangneung.

At Yeongju, the line connects with the Gyeongbuk and Jungang Lines.  Some trains travel directly from one to the other, so that it is possible to travel directly from Seoul or Busan to Gangneung by rail.

Jungang line
The Jungang line (Korean: 중앙선; Hanja: 中央線; lit. Central line) is a railway line connecting Cheongnyangni in Seoul to Moryang in Gyeongju in South Korea, traversing central South Korea from the northwest to the southeast. It is also referred to as the rail line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway from Yongsan station to Jipyeong station. The section from Cheongnyangni to Dodam was designated as a semi-high-speed railway.
Diocese of Jefferson City
The Diocese of Jefferson City (Latin: Dioecesis Civitatis Jeffersoniensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the state of Missouri in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of St. Louis.

The mother church of the Diocese of Jefferson City is the Cathedral of Saint Joseph in Jefferson City.

Archdiocese of St. Louis
The Archdiocese of St. Louis (Latin: Archidiœcesis Sancti Ludovici) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. Mitchell Thomas Rozanski is the archbishop; the see church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.
M-1 motorway (Pakistan)
The M-1 motorway or the Islamabad–Peshawar Motorway (Urdu: اسلام آباد - پشاور موٹروے) is an east–west motorway in Pakistan, connecting Peshawar to Islamabad–Rawalpindi.

The motorway was constructed during President Pervez Musharraf's rule at a cost of Rs. 13 billion (equivalent to US$325 million in 2024), and was opened in October 2007. It spans 155 km (96 mi), with 88 km (55 mi) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 67 km (42 mi) in Punjab. National Highways & Motorway Police is responsible for maintaining law & order on M-1 motorway.

Motorways of Pakistan
Motorways of Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان کے موٹروے) are a network of multiple-lane, high-speed, controlled-access highways in Pakistan which are owned, maintained, and operated federally by Pakistan's National Highway Authority. At present, 2567 km of motorways are operational, while an additional 1191 km are under construction. Motorways are a part of Pakistan's "National Trade Corridor Project" and "China-Pakistan Belt Road Initiative," from Khunjerab Pass near the Chinese border to Gwadar in Balochistan. There are a total of 16 motorways, 11 of which are operational, while some are under construction and others are planned.

All motorways in Pakistan are prefixed with the letter 'M' (for "Motorway") followed by the unique numerical designation of the specific highway (with a hyphen in the middle), e.g. "M-1".
Airman's coin
The Airman's coin is a challenge coin that is awarded to United States Air Force enlisted Airmen upon completion of Basic Military Training at Lackland AFB, Texas. After the award of the coin the individual is no longer referred to as "trainee," but as "airman," marking the successful completion of the first phase of training in becoming an airman in the United States Air Force.

Challenge coin
A challenge coin, also known as military coin, unit coin, memorial coin, or commander's coin, is a small coin or medallion, bearing an organization's insignia or emblem and carried by the organization's members. Traditionally, they might be used to prove membership to the issuing organization when asked (the "challenge") or as a commemorative award. They are collected by various people as a form of exonumia. Historically, challenge coins have been presented by unit commanders in recognition of special achievement by a member of the unit, or the unit as a whole. They have also been exchanged in recognition of visits to an organization.

Modern challenge coins are made in a variety of shapes and sizes and often include pop-culture references, including superheroes and other well-known characters.
Hellas quadrangle
The Hellas quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Hellas quadrangle is also referred to as MC-28 (Mars Chart-28).
The Hellas quadrangle covers the area from 240° to 300° west longitude and 30° to 65° south latitude on the planet Mars. Within the Hellas quadrangle lies the classic features Hellas Planitia and Promethei Terra. Many interesting and mysterious features have been discovered in the Hellas quadrangle, including the giant river valleys Dao Vallis, Niger Vallis, Harmakhis, and Reull Vallis—all of which may have contributed water to a lake in the Hellas basin in the distant past. Many places in the Hellas quadrangle show signs of ice in the ground, especially places with glacier-like flow features.

Hellas Planitia
Hellas Planitia /ˈhɛləs pləˈnɪʃiə/ is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. Hellas is the fourth- or fifth-largest known impact crater in the Solar System. The basin floor is about 7,152 m (23,465 ft) deep, 3,000 m (9,800 ft) deeper than the Moon's South Pole-Aitken basin, and extends about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) east to west. It is centered at 42°24′S 70°30′E﻿ / ﻿42.4°S 70.5°E﻿ / -42.4; 70.5. It features the lowest point on Mars, serves as a known source of global dust storms, and may have contained lakes and glaciers. Hellas Planitia spans the boundary between the Hellas quadrangle and the Noachis quadrangle.
Joy
Joy is the state of being that allows one to experience feelings of intense, long-lasting happiness and contentment of life. It is closely related to, and often evoked by, well-being, success, or good fortune. Happiness, pleasure, and gratitude are closely related to joy but are not identical to it.

Happiness
Happiness is a complex and multifaceted emotion that encompasses a range of positive feelings, from contentment to intense joy. It is often associated with positive life experiences, such as achieving goals, spending time with loved ones, or engaging in enjoyable activities. However, happiness can also arise spontaneously, without any apparent external cause.

Happiness is closely linked to well-being and overall life satisfaction. Studies have shown that individuals who experience higher levels of happiness tend to have better physical and mental health, stronger social relationships, and greater resilience in the face of adversity.

The pursuit of happiness has been a central theme in philosophy and psychology for centuries. While there is no single, universally accepted definition of happiness, it is generally understood to be a state of mind characterized by positive emotions, a sense of purpose, and a feeling of fulfillment.
Boeing YC-14
The Boeing YC-14 is a twinjet short take-off and landing (STOL) tactical military transport aircraft. It was Boeing's entrant into the United States Air Force's Advanced Medium STOL Transport (AMST) competition, which aimed to replace the Lockheed C-130 Hercules as the USAF's standard STOL tactical transport. Although both the YC-14 and the competing McDonnell Douglas YC-15 were successful, neither aircraft entered production. The AMST project was ended in 1979 and replaced by the C-X program.

McDonnell Douglas YC-15
The McDonnell Douglas YC-15 is a prototype four-engine short take-off and landing (STOL) tactical transport. It was McDonnell Douglas' entrant into the United States Air Force's Advanced Medium STOL Transport (AMST) competition to replace the Lockheed C-130 Hercules as the USAF's standard STOL tactical transport. In the end, neither the YC-15 nor the Boeing YC-14 was ordered into production, although the YC-15's basic design would be used to form the successful McDonnell Douglas (later Boeing) C-17 Globemaster III.