hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skipwith Common
Skipwith Common is a national nature reserve south of Skipwith,  North Yorkshire, England. It is one of only three areas within the Vale of York that represent what the area was like before intensive agriculture took over. Natural England have described the reserve as having "international importance" on account of "its wet and dry heathland".

The site used to be common land, and has seen use in the Bronze Age, during the Early modern European period, when it was harvested for peat, and during the 20th century when it was partly incorporated into an airfield during the Second World War.

The site was given the designation of SSSI in 1958, SAC in 2004 and NNR in 2010.

Skipwith
Skipwith is a village and civil parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of Selby and 10 miles (16 km) south-east of York in North Yorkshire, England. It was historically in the East Riding of Yorkshire. After the 1974 local government reorganisation Skipwith was in the Selby District of the shire county of North Yorkshire. In 2023 the district was abolished and North Yorkshire became a unitary authority.

The name Skipwith derives from the Old English scēpwīc meaning 'sheep trading settlement'. Wīc was later changed to the Old Norse viðr meaning 'wood'.
Southport and St Anne's lifeboats disaster
The Southport and St Anne's lifeboats disaster occurred on the evening of 9 December 1886, when 27 lifeboat men lost their lives trying to save the crew of the German barque Mexico.

14 of the 16 crew members aboard the Southport lifeboat Eliza Fernley drowned, along with all 13 of the St Annes lifeboat Laura Janet. The 12 crew of the Mexico were rescued by the Lytham lifeboat Charles Biggs.

St Annes Lifeboat Station
St Annes Lifeboat Station is a former lifeboat station, (by virtue of its merger), located on Eastbank Road, in the Fylde coast town of St Annes, Lancashire.

A lifeboat was first stationed at St Annes by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1881.

In the 1920s, sand and silt build up in the area destroyed the local fishing industry, which had provided most of the lifeboat crew. St Annes was then deemed a 'half-time' station, only be able to launch around high-tide. It was decided to close the St Annes Lifeboat Station in May 1925.

In 1931, the remaining St Annes RNLI branch merged with the Lytham station, becoming Lytham St Annes Lifeboat Station, which continues to this day.
Brett Delaney
Brett Delaney (born 26 October 1985) is an Australian rugby league coach and former professional rugby league footballer who is assistant coach for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League. He played as a centre and second-row forward in the 2000s and 2010s.

He played for Leeds in the Super League and for the Parramatta Eels and Gold Coast Titans in the NRL.

Gold Coast Titans
The Gold Coast Titans are a professional rugby league football club, based on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The club competes in the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership, Australia's elite rugby league competition. Since 2008, the Titans have played their home games at Robina Stadium in Robina. The Titans joined the NRL in 2007.

The Gold Coast Titans were the first national-level franchise from the Gold Coast region since the previous franchise, the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants / Gold Coast Seagulls / Gold Coast Chargers, which existed from 1988 to 1998.
Praśrabhi
Prasrabhi (Sanskrit; Tibetan: ཤིན་ཏུ་སྦྱང་བ་, Tibetan Wylie: shin tu sbyang ba, Pali: passaddhi) is a Mahayana Buddhist term translated as "pliancy", "flexibility",  or "alertness". It is defined as the ability to apply body and mind towards virtuous activity. Prasrabhi is identified as:

One of the eleven virtuous mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings.

One of the eight antidotes applied to overcome obstacles in Samatha meditation within the Mahayana tradition.

The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:

What is alertness? It is the pliability of body and mind in order to interrupt the continuity of the feeling of sluggishness in body and mind. Its function is to do away with all obscurations.

Mental factors
Mental factors (Sanskrit: चैतसिक, romanized: caitasika or chitta samskara चित्त संस्कार; Pali: cetasika; Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང sems byung), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object, and that have the ability to color the mind. Within the Abhidhamma, the mental factors are categorized as formations (Sanskrit: samskara) concurrent with mind (Sanskrit: citta). Alternate translations for mental factors include "mental states", "mental events", and "concomitants of consciousness".
Harrah's Entertainment
Harrah's Entertainment (later named Caesars Entertainment Corporation, previously The Promus Companies) was an American casino and hotel company founded in Reno, Nevada, and based in Paradise, Nevada, that operated over 50 properties and seven golf courses under several brands. In 2013, it was the fourth-largest gambling company in the world, with annual revenues of $8.6 billion. It was acquired in 2020 by Eldorado Resorts, which then changed its own name to Caesars Entertainment.

At the end of its existence, Caesars was a public company, majority owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management, TPG Capital, and Paulson & Co. and Carl Icahn. Caesars' largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2015, which led to the foundation of Vici Properties as a result.

Vici Properties
Vici Properties Inc. is an American real estate investment trust (REIT) specializing in casino and entertainment properties, based in New York City. It was formed in 2017 as a spin-off from Caesars Entertainment Corporation as part of its bankruptcy reorganization. It owns 54 casinos, hotels, and racetracks, four golf courses, and 38 bowling alleys around the United States and Canada.
Jim Ryan (politician)
James E. Ryan (February 21, 1946 – June 12, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician who served two four-year terms as Illinois Attorney General. A Republican, he received his party's nomination and ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Illinois against Rod Blagojevich in 2002.

2002 Illinois gubernatorial election
The 2002 Illinois gubernatorial election occurred on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican governor George Ryan, who was plagued by scandal, did not run for a second term. Democrat Rod Blagojevich, a U.S. Congressman, ran against Republican Jim Ryan (no relation to the incumbent), the Illinois Attorney General.

Blagojevich won 52% to 45%, snapping a losing streak of seven elections, and becoming the first Democrat to win an election for governor in 30 years, since 1972. As of 2023, this is the most recent Illinois governor election in which no candidate running was an incumbent.
USS John A. Moore
USS John A. Moore (FFG-19), eleventh ship of the Oliver Hazard Perry class of guided-missile frigates, was named for Commander John Anderson Moore (1910–1944).  Ordered from Todd Pacific Shipyards, Los Angeles Division, San Pedro, California on 28 February 1977 as part of the FY77 program, John A. Moore was laid down on 19 September 1978, launched on 20 October 1979, and commissioned on 14 November 1981.

John A. Moore was the first ship of that name in the US Navy.  The namesake was commanding officer of the submarine USS Grayback (SS-208) in 1943 and 1944.  Cdr. Moore received three awards of the Navy Cross during his command, the last posthumously after Grayback was sunk in February 1944.

John Anderson Moore
John Anderson Moore (January 12, 1910 – February 26, 1944) was a United States Navy submarine commander who was killed in action during World War II. He had been awarded three Navy Crosses and a Purple Heart Medal before his death. The U.S. Navy frigate USS John A. Moore (FFG-19) is named in his honor.

Raised in Bisbee, Arizona, Moore had boxed and played soccer at the United States Naval Academy. He served on R- and S-class submarines, before assuming command of the submarine USS Grayback on its last three patrols during 1943–1944.  Under the overall command of innovator Charles "Swede" Momsen, Grayback, Cero, and Shad launched the U.S. Navy's first attack against enemy shipping using "wolfpack" tactics.  Moore was credited with multiple events of "extraordinary heroism" in repeated forays against Japanese vessels in the East China Sea before being killed during the last of the Grayback's patrols.
Vahiny
Vahiny (meaning "traveller" in Malagasy) is an extinct genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous of the Maevarano Formation, northwestern Madagascar. It contains a single species, Vahiny depereti.

Maevarano Formation
The Maevarano Formation is a Late Cretaceous sedimentary rock formation found in the Mahajanga Province of northwestern Madagascar. It is most likely Maastrichtian in age, and records a seasonal, semiarid environment with rivers that had greatly varying discharges. Notable animal fossils recovered include the theropod dinosaur Majungasaurus, the early bird Vorona, the paravian Rahonavis, the titanosaurian sauropod Rapetosaurus, and the giant frog Beelzebufo.
Ahizechukwu Eke
Ahizechukwu Chigoziem Eke is a Nigerian-American physician-scientist, obstetrician-gynecologist, and specialist in maternal-fetal medicine. He is a 2024 recipient of the NIH Director's Pioneer Award, and has led influential pharmacologic research in pregnant women. He is an Associate Professor in the Division of maternal-fetal medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where he directs the integrated maternal-fetal medicine research program. Eke is internationally recognized for his research in pharmacology in pregnancy and lactation, with contributions spanning clinical pharmacology, infectious diseases in pregnancy, translational science, and implementation research.

National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award
National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award is a research initiative first announced in 2004 designed to support individual scientists' biomedical research. The focus is specifically on "pioneering" research that is highly innovative and has a potential to produce paradigm shifting results. 
The awards, made annually from the National Institutes of Health common fund, are each worth $500,000 per year, or $2,500,000 for five years.
Kennesaw State University
Kennesaw State University (KSU) is a public research university in the U.S. state of Georgia with two campuses in the Atlanta metropolitan area, one in the Kennesaw area and the other in Marietta on a combined 581 acres (235 ha) of land. The school was founded in 1963 by the Georgia Board of Regents using local bonds and a federal space-grant during a time of major Georgia economic expansion after World War II. KSU also holds classes at the Cobb Galleria Centre, Dalton State College, and in Paulding County (Dallas). The total enrollment exceeds 51,000 students making KSU the third-largest university by enrollment in Georgia.

KSU is part of the University System of Georgia and is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". Kennesaw State's athletic teams are an NCAA Division I member of the Conference USA.

Marietta, Georgia
Marietta is a city in and the county seat of Cobb County, Georgia, United States. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 60,972. The 2019 estimate was 60,867, making it one of Atlanta's largest suburbs. Marietta is the fourth largest of the principal cities by population of the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Mohammad Husni Thamrin
Mohammad Husni Thamrin (16 February 1894 – 11 January 1941), popularly known as MH Thamrin, was an Indonesian politician and nationalist who served in the Volksraad from 1927 until his death in 1941. He was one of the founders of Parindra and was a leader in the Indonesian Political Federation, advocating for Indonesian independence. After his death, he was honored as a National Hero of Indonesia.

Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)
The Volksraad (People's Council) was an advisory, and later semi-legislative institution for the Dutch East Indies, provided for by law in 1916 but only established with the actual installation of the Council in 1918. It was a hesitant and slow attempt at democratisation of the Dutch East Indies as part of the "ethical policy" adopted by the Dutch government. The power of the Volksraad was limited as it only had advisory powers. Although part of the council was elected, only a small proportion of the population had voting rights.

Initially, the Volksraad had 39 members, eventually rising to 60. It was reconstituted every four years. The members were partly elected, and partly appointed by the colonial administration.
Cape Elizabeth, Maine
Cape Elizabeth is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The town is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine, metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, Cape Elizabeth had a population of 9,535.

One of the wealthiest towns in the state, Cape Elizabeth is the location of Portland Head Light, which is the oldest lighthouse in Maine. Since 1998, it has hosted the Beach to Beacon 10K, a world-class road race which starts at Crescent Beach State Park and ends at Portland Head Light.

Cape Elizabeth has a single community school department. Cape Elizabeth High School's team name is the "Capers".

Cape Elizabeth High School
Cape Elizabeth High School (CEHS) is a public high school in Cape Elizabeth, Maine, United States. It is one of six schools in Maine to have been named a National Blue Ribbon School multiple times by the U.S. Department of Education.
Weimar Classicism
Weimar Classicism (German: Weimarer Klassik) was a German literary and cultural movement, whose practitioners established a new humanism from the synthesis of ideas from Romanticism, Classicism, and the Age of Enlightenment. It was named after the city of Weimar in the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar because its leading authors lived there.

The Weimarer Klassik movement began in 1771 when Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel invited the Seyler Theatre Company led by Abel Seyler, pioneers of the Sturm und Drang movement, to her court in Weimar. The Seyler company was soon thereafter followed by Christoph Martin Wieland, then Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder and finally Friedrich Schiller. The movement was eventually centred upon Goethe and Schiller, previously also exponents of the Sturm und Drang movement, during the period of 1786–1805.

Christoph Martin Wieland
Christoph Martin Wieland (/ˈviːlɑːnt/; German: [ˈviːlant]; 5 September 1733 – 20 January 1813) was a German poet and writer, representative of literary Rococo. He is best-remembered for having written the first Bildungsroman (Geschichte des Agathon), as well as the epic Oberon, which formed the basis for both Friederike Sophie Seyler's opera of the same name and Carl Maria von Weber's opera of the same name. His thought was representative of the cosmopolitanism of the German Enlightenment, exemplified in his remark: "Only a true cosmopolitan can be a good citizen." He was a key figure of Weimar Classicism and a collaborator of Abel Seyler's theatre company.
1. FC Kaiserslautern II
1. FC Kaiserslautern II is the reserve team of German association football club 1. FC Kaiserslautern, based in Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate. The team competes in the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar, the fifth tier of German football. Prior 2005, the team was named 1. FC Kaiserslautern Amateure.

The team has reached the first round of the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, on three occasions, advancing to the second round twice as its best-ever result. The team has played as high as the Regionalliga, courtesy to league titles in the Oberliga Südwest.

Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar
The Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar, formerly the Oberliga Südwest, is the highest regional football league for the Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland states of Germany, organized by the Southwestern Regional Football Association. It is one of twelve Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system. Before the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994, it was the third tier.

From January 1946 up until the creation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the Oberliga Südwest was one of the five highest divisions in Germany. The current league originates from 1978.
Church of Saint Menas of Samatya
Saint Menas  (Greek: Ἄγιος Μηνάς, pr. Ágios Minás; Turkish: Ayios Minas Kilisesi) is a Greek Orthodox Church in Istanbul.

The edifice was built in 1833 near an early Christian Martyrion of the fourth or fifth century, possibly dedicated to the saints Carpus and Papylus (Greek: Μονὴ τῶν ἁγίων Κάρπου καὶ Παπὺλου, Monì ton Agíon Kárpou kai Papýlou ), and on the site of an ancient church dedicated to Hagios Polykarpos.
The modern church has the same dedication as a nearby water source (Greek: Hagiásma, Turkish: Ayazma).

Menas of Egypt
Menas of Egypt (also Mina, Minas, Mena, Meena; Greek: Ἅγιος Μηνᾶς; Coptic: ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲙⲏⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲫⲁⲓⲁⲧ; 285 – c. 309), a martyr and wonder-worker, is one of the most well-known Coptic saints in the East and the West, due to the many miracles that are attributed to his intercession and prayers. Menas was a Coptic soldier in the Roman army martyred because he refused to recant his Christian faith. The common date of his commemoration is November 11, which occurs 13 days later (November 24) on the Julian calendar.

His feast day is celebrated every year on 15 Hathor in the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, which corresponds to November 24 on the Gregorian Calendar. In Eastern Orthodox churches that follow the old style or Julian calendar, it is likewise celebrated on November 24. In the Eastern Orthodox churches that follow the new style or Revised Julian calendar, as well as in the Catholic Church, it is celebrated on November 11.
Clonmany
Clonmany (Irish: Cluain Maine) is a village and civil parish in north-west Inishowen, in County Donegal, Ireland. The Urris valley to the west of Clonmany village was the last outpost of the Irish language in Inishowen. In the 19th century, the area was an important location for poitín distillation. Outside the village, there are a number of notable townlands, including Kinnea (Rockstown), Crossconnell, Dunaff, and Leenan.

Urris
Urris (Irish: Iorras) is a valley to the west of the parish of Clonmany, in County Donegal, Ireland. It comprises the townlands of Crossconnell, Dunaff, Kinnea, Leenan, Letter, and Urrismenagh. It sits on the eastern side of Loch Swilly and it is bounded to the south-east by the Urris hills, and to the east by Binion hill.  To the north, there is Rockstown bay and Tullagh peninsula. There are two entrances to Urris; the Gap of Mamore, and Crossconnell.

Urris has some local tourist attractions, such the Dunaff cliffs, Tullagh  beach, Rockstown Harbor, Leenan pier and Gap of Mamore. There are a number of traditional thatched cottages in good condition within Urris.
Castle Kilbride
Castle Kilbride is the former residence of James Livingston, a Canadian member of parliament, and owner of flax and linseed oil mills. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in March 1994.

It was built in Baden, Ontario in 1877 and named after Livingston's birthplace in Scotland. The major feature of Castle Kilbride is the interior decorative murals in the style of the Italian Renaissance. The trompe-l'œil technique used in the murals gives the illusion of three dimensions. The building is also an outstanding example of an Italianate villa of its place and time, and at the time of its building was a tribute to the reputation of its owner as the so-called 'Flax and Oil King of Canada'.

Baden, Ontario
Baden  (/ˈbeɪdɛn/ BAY-den) is a community and unincorporated place in Township of Wilmot, Regional Municipality of Waterloo in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It was named after Baden-Baden, Germany; the approximate population as of 2015, as per township statistics, is 4,940.

The area is the site of Baden Tower, a television, radio, and communications tower located on top of one of the Baden Hills, which is the transmitter for CKCO-DT, the CTV affiliate for Kitchener, as well as CFCA-FM and CHYM-FM, which have studios in Kitchener.

Much of the area consists of farmlands and pine forests are in the area. The local high school, Waterloo-Oxford District Secondary School, is located just outside the town and the statue park Prime Ministers Path is located on the grounds adjacent to Castle Kilbride.
Oxazoline
Oxazoline is a five-membered heterocyclic organic compound with the formula C3H5NO. It is the parent of a family of compounds called oxazolines (emphasis on plural), which contain non-hydrogenic substituents on carbon and/or nitrogen. Oxazolines are the unsaturated analogues of oxazolidines, and they are isomeric with isoxazolines, where the N and O are directly bonded.  Two isomers of oxazoline are known, depending on the location of the double bond.

Oxazoline itself has no applications however oxazolines have been widely investigated for potential applications.  These applications include use as ligands in asymmetric catalysis, as protecting groups for carboxylic acids and increasingly as monomers for the production of polymers.

Oxazolidine
Oxazolidine is a five-membered heterocycle ring with the formula (CH2)3(NH)O.The O atom and NH groups are not mutually bonded, in contrast to isoxazolidine. Oxazolidines (emphasis on plural) are derivatives of the parent oxazolidine owing to the presence of substituents on carbon and/or nitrogen. Oxazolines are unsaturated analogues of oxazolidines.
Federico da Montefeltro
Federico da Montefeltro, also known as Federico III da Montefeltro KG (7 June 1422 – 10 September 1482), was one of the most successful mercenary captains (condottieri) of the Italian Renaissance. He became the lord of Urbino in 1444, and ruled the city as its duke from 1474 until his death. In addition to his considerable reputation for martial skill and honour, he was a renowned intellectual humanist and civic leader. Montefeltro commissioned the construction of a great library, perhaps the largest of Italy after the Vatican's, complete with a team of scribes in its scriptorium. He also assembled a large humanistic court in his Ducal Palace, designed by Luciano Laurana and Francesco di Giorgio Martini.

Duchy of Urbino
The Duchy of Urbino (Italian: Ducato di Urbino) was an independent duchy in early modern central Italy, corresponding to the northern half of the modern region of Marche. It was directly annexed by the Papal States in 1631.

It was bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Republic of Florence in the west and the Papal States in the south. In 1523 the capital was moved from Urbino to Pesaro. After the short rule by Cesare Borgia in 1502–08, the dukedom went to the della Rovere papal family, who held it until 1625, when Pope Urban VIII annexed it to the Papal States as Legazione del Ducato di Urbino (later Legazione di Urbino).
Smith Island (South Australia)
Smith Island is an island located in Spencer Gulf off the east coast of Jussieu Peninsula on Eyre Peninsula in South Australia approximately 32 km (20 mi) south-east of Port Lincoln.  It was named by Matthew Flinders in memory of William Smith who was one of the eight crew lost from a cutter that capsized sometime after being launched from HM Sloop Investigator to search for water on 21 February 1802.  Since 2004, the island has been part of the Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area.

Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area
Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located on the south east tip of Jussieu Peninsula on Eyre Peninsula and on a number of nearby islands about 25 km (16 mi) south-south east of Port Lincoln. It was established in 2004 on land previously part of the Lincoln National Park. The protection area contains significant sites of natural, indigenous and early European heritage.