hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Choujiu
Choujiu is a type of Chinese fermented alcoholic beverage brewed from glutinous rice. It is very thick and has a milky white color, which is sometimes compared to jade.photo Fermentation is carried out by a combination of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae, which converts the rice starches into fermentable sugars, and yeast, which converts the sugars into alcohol. Varieties of lactic acid bacteria are also commonly present in the fermentation starter. The traditional Chinese name of the fermentation starter is qū.

Choujiu is an ancient variety of Chinese alcoholic beverage. It can be traced back to the Tang dynasty, where it was praised by the poet Li Bai. In ancient times, choujiu was referred to as láolǐ (醪醴) or yùjiāng (玉浆).

In the modern day, the city of Xi'an is known particularly for its choujiu.

Doburoku (どぶろく / 濁酒) is the Japanese equivalent of choujiu, and in Korea gamju and makgeolli are similar.

Makgeolli
Makgeolli (Korean: 막걸리; pronounced [mak.k͈ʌɭɭi]; lit. 'raw rice wine'), sometimes anglicized to makkoli (/ˈmækəli/, MAK-ə-lee), is a Korean alcoholic drink. It is a milky, off-white, and lightly sparkling rice wine that has a slight viscosity, and tastes slightly sweet, tangy, bitter, and astringent. Chalky sediment gives it a cloudy appearance. As a low proof drink of six to nine percent alcohol by volume, it is often considered a "communal beverage" rather than hard liquor.

In Korea, makgeolli is often unpasteurized, and the wine continues to mature in the bottle. Because of the short shelf life of unpasteurized "draft" makgeolli, many exported makgeolli undergo pasteurization, which deprives the beverage of complex enzymes and flavor compounds. Recently, various fruits such as strawberries and bananas have been added to makgeolli to create forms with new flavours.
Roti Kapada Aur Makaan
Roti Kapada Aur Makaan (transl. Food, Cloth and Shelter; occasionally written as Roti Kapda Aur Makaan) is a 1974 Indian Hindi-language action drama film written, directed, and produced by Manoj Kumar, who also plays the leading role in the film. The title of the movie is based on the Hindi phrase, which refers to the bare necessities of life, popularized in the late 1960s by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, ahead of the 1967 general elections.

The film is about a family that Bharat (Manoj Kumar) attempts to provide for after falling into a financial struggle. The film also stars Amitabh Bachchan as Vijay, the brother of Bharat, and stars Zeenat Aman as Sheetal, Bharat's love interest, Moushumi Chatterjee as Tulsi, a friend of Bharat in poverty, and Shashi Kapoor as Mohan Babu, a wealthy businessman. It has been remade into the Telugu film Jeevana Poratam, and is still considered to be highly influential, and one of the best Bollywood films of its era.

Moushumi Chatterjee
Moushumi Chatterjee (born Indira Chattopadhyay; 26 April 1954) is an Indian actress and politician known for her work in Hindi and Bengali cinema. She was one of the highest-paid actresses in Hindi films during the 1970s. She joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2019; she was previously a member of the Indian National Congress.
Jim Stasheff
James Dillon Stasheff (born January 15, 1936, New York City) is an American mathematician, a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He works in algebraic topology and algebra as well as their applications to physics.

John Milnor
John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, algebraic K-theory and low-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and the only mathematician to have won the Fields Medal, the Wolf Prize, the Abel Prize and all three Steele prizes.
Little Catskin
Little Catskin is an American fairy tale from Kentucky, collected by Marie Campbell in Tales from the Cloud Walking Country, listing her informant as Big Nelt.

It is Aarne-Thompson type 510B, unnatural love. Others of this type include Catskin, Cap O' Rushes, Donkeyskin, Allerleirauh, The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter, The She-Bear, Mossycoat, Tattercoats, The Princess That Wore A Rabbit-Skin Dress, The Bear and The Princess in the Suit of Leather.

The Bear (fairy tale)
The Bear is a Scottish fairy tale collected by Andrew Lang in The Grey Fairy Book. It is Aarne-Thompson classification system type 510B, unnatural love.  Others of this type include Cap O' Rushes, Catskin, Little Cat Skin, Allerleirauh, The King who Wished to Marry His Daughter, The She-Bear, Tattercoats, Mossycoat, The Princess That Wore A Rabbit-Skin Dress, and Donkeyskin, or the legend of Saint Dymphna.
Simon Lalor
Major General Simon Francis Neil Lalor, CB, TD, VR (born 1956) is a British businessman. As a Territorial Army officer, he served as Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) from 2007 to 2010.

Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff
The Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (ACDS) is a senior British military officer. There are a number of ACDS appointments and they are held by officers of two-star rank (rear admiral, air vice-marshal, or major general). They work in the Ministry of Defence.
Empiric school
The Empiric school of medicine (Empirics, Empiricists, or Empirici, Greek: Ἐμπειρικοί) was a school of medicine founded in Alexandria the middle of the third century BC. The school was a major influence on ancient Greek and Roman medicine. The school's name is derived from the word empeiria (ἐμπειρία "experience") because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school. Serapion of Alexandria, and Philinus of Cos, are regarded as the founders of this school in the 3rd century BC. Other physicians who belonged to this sect were: Apollonius of Citium, Glaucias, Heraclides, Bacchius, Zeuxis, Menodotus, Theodas, Herodotus of Tarsus, Aeschrion, Sextus Empiricus, and Marcellus Empiricus. The sect survived a long time, as Marcellus lived in the 4th century AD. The doctrines of this school are described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the introduction to his De Medicina.

Theodas of Laodicea
Theudas of Laodicea (Greek: Θευδάς ό Λαοδικεύς) was a Pyrrhonist philosopher and  physician of the Empiric school, in the 2nd century. He is mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius as being a native of Laodicea in Syria, a pupil of Antiochus of Laodicea, and a contemporary of Menodotus. A physician of this name is also quoted by Andromachus.
Rugby league in the British Isles
Rugby league is played across England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, but its heartland in parts of Northern England is where the sport is most popular, and is where the majority of professional clubs are based. The sport was first established in the George Hotel, Huddersfield, where 22 clubs split from the Rugby Football Union to form the Northern Rugby Football Union.

Rugby league in the British Isles is discussed in the following articles, corresponding to the separate organisations governing the sport:

Rugby league in England

Rugby league in Ireland

Rugby league in Scotland

Rugby league in Wales

However, areas where the sport is similar between the Home Nations will be discussed in this article.

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Werner Klemperer
Werner Klemperer (March 22, 1920 – December 6, 2000) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Colonel Wilhelm Klink on the CBS television sitcom Hogan's Heroes, for which he twice won the award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series at the Primetime Emmy Awards in 1968 and 1969.

Klemperer served in the United States Army during World War II, then began performing on the Broadway stage in 1947. He appeared in several films during his early acting career, such as The Wrong Man (1956), Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), and Houseboat (1958), and he had numerous roles on television shows such as Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1956), Perry Mason (1957), Maverick (1957), Gunsmoke (1958), The Untouchables (1960), and Have Gun – Will Travel (1961), prior to his Hogan's Heroes role.

Hogan's Heroes
Hogan's Heroes is an American television sitcom created by Bernard Fein and Albert S. Ruddy which is set in a prisoner-of-war (POW) camp in Nazi Germany during World War II, and centers on a group of Allied prisoners who use the POW camp as an operations base for sabotage and espionage activities directed against Nazi Germany. It ran for 168 episodes (six seasons) from September 17, 1965, to April 4, 1971, on the CBS network, and has been broadcast in reruns ever since.

Bob Crane starred as Colonel Robert E. Hogan, coordinating an international crew of Allied prisoners covertly running a special operations group from the camp. Werner Klemperer played Colonel Wilhelm Klink, the obtuse and oblivious commandant of the camp, and John Banner played the gullible and affable sergeant-of-the-guard Hans Schultz.
Mashiur Rahman (politician, born 1924)
Mashiur Rahman (9 July 1924 – 12 March 1979), also known as Jadu Mia (Bengali: জাদু মিয়া, lit. 'Man of Magic'), was a senior minister, with the rank and status of prime minister in charge of the Ministry of Railways, Roads and Highways of Bangladesh from 29 June 1978 to 12 March 1979.
He was the founder of Bangladesh Jatiyatabadi Dal, the whole process of transition to multi-party democracy was his brainchild. He named the party and the election symbol was given to the party from his party NAP.

He also made the formal Declaration of Independence of Bangladesh from his party NAP (there were two major political parties in the then East Pakistan, one National Awami Party, NAP and Awami League), on the 23 March 1971, when Sheikh Mujib was still negotiating for the premiership of Pakistan with the military junta of Pakistan, not giving the formal declaration despite people's determination for a free, independent country.

Shafiqul Ghani Swapan
Shawfikul Ghaani Swapan was a Bangladeshi politician and the chairman of the Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP. During his political career, he served as a member of parliament twice, and held cabinet positions in both the Zia and Ershad governments. His positions included serving as the state minister of defence, state minister of youth and sports, minister of civil aviation and tourism, and minister of housing and public works.
Vladimir Morozov (figure skater)
Vladimir Evgenyevich Morozov (Russian: Владимир Евгеньевич Морозов; born 1 November 1992) is a retired Russian pair skater. With partner Evgenia Tarasova, he is the 2022 Olympic silver medalist, a three-time World medalist (2018 and 2019 silver, 2017 bronze), a two-time European champion (2017, 2018), the 2016–17 Grand Prix Final champion, and a three-time Russian national champion (2018, 2019, 2021). Earlier in their career, they became the 2014 World Junior silver medalists and the 2014 Russian junior national champions.

Han Cong
Han Cong (Chinese: 韩聪; pinyin: Hán Cōng; born 6 August 1992) is a retired Chinese pair skater. With partner Sui Wenjing, he is the 2022 Olympic gold medalist, 2018 Olympic silver medalist, a two-time World champion (2017, 2019), a three-time World silver medalist (2015, 2016, 2021), the 2019–20 Grand Prix Final champion, a six-time Four Continents champion (2012, 2014, 2016–2017, 2019–2020), a seven-time Grand Prix gold medalist, a three-time World Junior champion (2010–2012), the 2009–10 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a three-time Chinese national champion (2010–11, 2026). Sui and Han are the first pair skate team to achieve a Super Slam, having won all major competitions in both their senior and junior career. They have landed throw quadruple salchows and quadruple twists in competition.
Garth Hamilton
Garth Russell Hamilton (born 5 March 1979) is an Australian politician who is a member of the House of Representatives representing the Division of Groom. He was elected in the 2020 Groom by-election, following the retirement of John McVeigh. He is a member of the Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) and sits with the Liberal Party in federal parliament.

Division of Groom
The Division of Groom is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland.

Groom is an agricultural electorate located on the Darling Downs in southern Queensland. It includes the regional city of Toowoomba and rural communities to the west and south.

The current MP is Garth Hamilton, a member of the Liberal Party.
Mosley baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for members of the Mosley family, one in the Baronetage of England and two in the Baronetage of Great Britain. Only one creation is extant. Since 1980, the title has been held jointly with the title Baron Ravensdale in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Nicholas Mosley
Nicholas Mosley, 3rd Baron Ravensdale (25 June 1923 – 28 February 2017), was a British peer, novelist and biographer. Two of his volumes of biography covered the life of his father, Sir Oswald Mosley, the founder of the British Union of Fascists.
Digital Curation Centre
The Digital Curation Centre (DCC) was established to help solve the extensive challenges of digital preservation and digital curation and to lead research, development, advice, and support services for higher education institutions in the United Kingdom.

Throughout its history the DCC has been an active organisation in the realm of digital preservation. In partnership with other institutions, the DCC has created and developed tools for tackling issues in digital preservation and curation. Such tools include a lifecycle model for data curation, a risk assessment for digital repositories, and an interview protocol to assist institutions in understanding their research data collections.

Since July 2016, the DCC is no longer supported by Jisc funding.

Digital curation
Digital curation is the selection, preservation, maintenance, collection, and archiving of digital assets.
It is a process that establishes, maintains, and adds value to repositories of digital data for present and future use. The implementation of digital curation is often carried out by archivists, librarians, scientists, historians, and scholars to ensure users have access to reliable, high-quality resources. Enterprises are also starting to adopt digital curation as a means to improve the quality of information and data within their operational and strategic processes. A successful digital curation initiative will help to mitigate digital obsolescence, keeping the information accessible to users indefinitely. Digital curation includes various aspects, including digital asset management, data curation, digital preservation, and electronic records management.
Apeltes
Apeltes is a monospecific genus old ray-finned fish belonging to the family Gasterosteidae, the sticklebacks. The only species in the genus is A. quadracus, the fourspine stickleback or bloody stickleback, which lives in  freshwater, brackish and benthopelagic environments of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean between Newfoundland and South Carolina.

Stickleback
The sticklebacks are a family of ray-finned fishes, the Gasterosteidae which have a Holarctic distribution in fresh, brackish and marine waters.  They were thought to be related to the pipefish and seahorses but are now thought to be more closely related to the eelpouts and sculpins.
Arundhuti Maitra
Arundhuti Maitra (born 17 November 1990), better known as Lovely Maitra, is an Indian actress and politician who is known for her work in Bengali television. She started her career as the lead actress in the hugely popular 2013 Bengali television serial Jol Nupur, on Star Jalsha. She has also acted in other Bengali TV series like Mohar and Guddi.

Mohor (TV series)
Mohor is an Indian Bengali Romantic drama television series that premiered on 28 October 2019 on Star Jalsha produced by Magic Moments Motion Pictures (Leena Gangopadhyay and Saibal Banerjee), starring Sonamoni Saha and Pratik Sen.
Takyeh
In Iran, the word takyeh (Iranian Persian: تکیه, romanized: takye) is mostly used as a synonym of husayniyya (or hoseyniyeh in Iranian Persian; building where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram), although some takyehs also include a zaynabiyya (or zeynabiyeh, in honor of Husayn's sister Zaynab bint Ali) or an abbasiyya (or abbasiyeh, in honor of Husayn's paternal half-brother Abbas ibn Ali), like the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk. Many takyehs are found in Iran, where there are takyehs in almost every city.

Husayniyya
A husayniyya (Arabic: حسينية) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram. The husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.
Fernando de Vera y Zuñiga
Fernando de Vera y Zuñiga (1658 – November 9, 1638) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Archbishop of Cuzco (1629–1638), Archbishop of Santo Domingo (1628–1629), and Auxiliary Bishop of Badajoz (1614–1628).

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco
13°30′59″S 71°58′41″W﻿ / ﻿13.516276°S 71.977926°W﻿ / -13.516276; -71.977926

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco (Latin: Cuschen(sis)) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese with see in the city and old Inca imperial capital of Cusco, in Peru.

Its Cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin. It also has a Marian Minor basilica: Basílica Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes.
Gouania (fish)
Gouania is a genus of clingfishes endemic to the Mediterranean Sea that contains at least 5 cryptobenthic species. The members of this genus are the only vertebrates to inhabit European intertidal gravel beaches and they have developed many adaptations to survive in this extremely harsh environment. They are a type of Clingfish meaning they form part of the family Gobiesocidae. All species of clingfish have a thoracic adhesive disc that allows them to hold on to both smooth and rough surfaces alike. This adaptation enables Gouania to survive the harsh conditions of gravel beaches, they are amongst the only fish taxa adapted to this habitat.

Formerly, the genus was considered to be a monotypic genus containing the blunt-snouted clingfish, however a 2020 study described three new species and resurrected a synonym of G. willdenowi (G. pigra).

Gobiesocidae
Clingfishes are ray-finned fishes of the family Gobiesocidae, the only family in the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Blenniiformes. These fairly small to very small fishes are widespread in tropical and temperate regions, mostly near the coast, but a few species live in deeper seas or fresh water. Most species shelter in shallow reefs or seagrass beds, clinging to rocks, algae and seagrass leaves with their sucking disc, a structure on their chest.

They are generally too small to be of interest to fisheries, although the relatively large Sicyases sanguineus regularly is caught as a food fish, and some of the other species occasionally appear in the marine aquarium trade.
Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
Landcare Research (Māori: Manaaki Whenua) was a New Zealand Crown Research Institute whose focus of research was the environment, biodiversity, and sustainability. The New Zealand government placed the institute into the newly-formed New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science on 1 July 2025.

New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science
The formation of the New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science, trading as the Bioeconomy Science Institute (BSI), was announced as part of the New Zealand science sector reforms. The BSI came into being as a Crown Research Institute (CRI) on 1 July 2025, and is made up of the disestablished CRIs Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, AgResearch, Plant & Food Research and Scion. The new organization will later become a Public Research Organisation once legislation to enact the change has passed through the New Zealand parliament. The focus of NZIBS will be "advancing innovation in agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, biotechnology and manufacturing; protecting ecosystems from biosecurity threats and climate risks; and developing new bio-based technologies and products".
Elk County, Kansas
Elk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Howard.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,483.  The county was named for the Elk River.

Chautauqua County, Kansas
Chautauqua County is a county located in Southeast Kansas, United States.  Its county seat and most populous city is Sedan.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 3,379.  The county is named for Chautauqua County, New York, the birthplace of Edward Jaquins, a Kansas politician who was instrumental in getting the county established.
Extreme E
Extreme E (XE) was an international off-road racing series that used spec silhouette electric SUVs to race in remote parts of the world, such as the Saudi Arabian desert or the Arctic. All racing locations were chosen to raise awareness for some aspects of climate change and Extreme E maintained a "Legacy Programme" to provide social and environmental support for those locations. The series also promoted gender equality in motorsport by mandating that all teams consist of a female and a male driver who share equal driving duties.

The first season began with the Desert X-Prix in Saudi Arabia in April 2021. After four seasons, the last of which was abandoned halfway, the series held one final event in 2025 and was replaced by hydrogen-based Extreme H.

2021 Desert X-Prix
The 2021 Desert X-Prix was an Extreme E off-road race that was held on 3 and 4 April 2021 in Al-'Ula, Saudi Arabia. It was the first Championship round of the electric off-road racing car series' inaugural season. The final was won by Johan Kristoffersson and Molly Taylor for the Rosberg X Racing team, ahead of Andretti United Extreme E and Team X44.
Tex Murphy
Tex Murphy is a series of video games designed by Chris Jones. The eponymous main character is portrayed in live-action by Chris Jones himself. He is characterized as a down-on-his-luck private investigator in a post-nuclear future San Francisco, borrowing tropes from both the film noir and cyberpunk genres.

Mean Streets (video game)
Mean Streets is a graphic adventure game developed and published by Access Software for MS-DOS in 1989 exclusively in North America. It was ported to the Commodore 64, Atari ST, and Amiga in 1989 and 1990 by The Code Monkeys. Atari ST and Amiga ports were only released in Europe. The game, set in a dystopian cyberpunk neo-noir world, is the first in the series of Tex Murphy mysteries; its immediate sequel is Martian Memorandum. In 1998, Mean Streets was remade as Tex Murphy: Overseer.