hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hartfield-Zodys
Hartfield-Zodys was an American retail corporation begun in 1960. It operated the Hartfield chain of women's ready-to-wear apparel in the Los Angeles area, and starting in 1960, the Zodys chain of discount retail stores (1960–1986), which operated locations in California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Michigan.

Discount store
Discount stores are retail establishments that sell products at prices lower than the standard or recommended retail price. Discounters rely on bulk purchasing and efficient distribution to keep down costs. They include hypermarkets, "category killer" big box stores, warehouse club stores, discount grocery stores, dollar stores and variety stores.
Canberra Brave
The Canberra Brave (formally CBR Brave) is a semi-professional ice hockey team based in Canberra, ACT. The team is a member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). The team was founded in 2014 to replace the defunct Canberra Knights in the AIHL. As of the 2025 season, their home venue is AIS Arena. The Brave have claimed three Goodall Cup championships and four H Newman Reid Trophy premierships.

Australian Ice Hockey League
The Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) is Australia's top-level men's ice hockey league. Established in 2000, the AIHL is sanctioned by Ice Hockey Australia (a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation). The AIHL is a semi-professional league that is contested by ten franchised teams in two conferences spanning six Australian states and territories. AIHL premiers are awarded the H Newman Reid Trophy and AIHL champions are awarded the Goodall Cup, the world's third oldest ice hockey trophy, having been first awarded in 1909. The most successful team in AIHL history is the Newcastle Northstars, having claimed six championship titles. The current champions, from 2025, are Melbourne Ice.
I. Michael Ross
Isaac Michael Ross is a Distinguished Professor and Program Director of Control and Optimization at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA.  He has published a highly-regarded textbook on optimal control theory and seminal papers in pseudospectral optimal control theory, energy-sink theory, the optimization and deflection of near-Earth asteroids and comets, robotics, attitude dynamics and control, orbital mechanics, real-time optimal control, unscented optimal control, continuous optimization and aeromaneuvering guidance and control.  The Kang–Ross–Gong theorem, Ross' π lemma, Ross' time constant, the Ross–Fahroo lemma, and the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral method are all named after him. According to a report published by Stanford University, Ross is one of the world's top 2% of scientists.

Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral method
Introduced by I. Michael Ross and F. Fahroo, the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral methods are a broad collection of pseudospectral methods for optimal control.  Examples of the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral methods are the pseudospectral knotting method, the flat pseudospectral method, the Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method and pseudospectral methods for infinite-horizon optimal control.
Politécnico Grancolombiano
The Politécnico Grancolombiano is a private university institution in Bogotá, Colombia. Its campus is located in the mountains of the city of Bogotá. It was founded on March 23, 1980 by banker and financier Jaime Michelsen Uribe, with support from Bancolombia and leading companies of the Grancolombiano Group. The current principal is Carlos Bernardo Carreño (2020)

Jaime Michelsen Uribe
Jaime Michelsen Uribe (Bogotá, March 25, 1930 - Ibid., July 4, 1998) was a Colombian banker and businessman.

He was one of the most successful businessmen in Colombia, as owner of the largest economic conglomerate in the country, the Grancolombiano Group, to which important companies in the country belonged. As head of the conglomerate, Michelsen was involved in one of the largest corruption scandals in the history of the Colombian stock market.
Mario (TV series)
Mario is an Italian TV series conceived by Marcello Macchia, aka Maccio Capatonda, broadcast on the channel MTV from February 28, 2013 to November 25, 2014.

Presented with the tagline "a series of Maccio Capatonda," it is the first television series made by Capatonda, known for being the author and the main interpreter of numerous comedians video clips, including various fictitious trailers published on the web or broadcast on television programs (Mai dire..., All Music Show,  Ma anche no).

Maccio Capatonda
Marcello Macchia (born 2 August 1978) is an Italian comedian, actor, writer and filmmaker. Best known by his stage name Maccio Capatonda, he is also known for his participation in television programs such as Mai dire... on Italia 1.

With Enrico Venti, Capatonda leads Shortcut Productions, the company that produces their own videos. Since 2011, he is a member of the crew of Lo Zoo di 105. In 2015, he starred in his first film, Italiano medio. In 2020, Capatonda's first book, Libro (literal translate: Book), was released.
William Biddlecomb Marlow
Major General William Biddlecomb Marlow (19 February 1794 – 4 January May 1864) was an English military engineer of the Corps of Royal Engineers.: 22  In New Zealand he played key role in the battles of the Flagstaff War—Ōhaeawai, Ruapekapeka—and in the construction of Albert Barracks, Auckland.

Thomas Bernard Collinson
Major General Thomas Bernard Collinson (17 November 1821 – 1 May 1902) was an English military engineer of the Corps of Royal Engineers who carried out the earliest British surveys of Hong Kong, and planned roads and other early military and civil engineering works in New Zealand. Immediately prior to retirement, he was architect to the Scottish Prison Commission.
John Harvey (author)
John Harvey is a British author of crime fiction, screenwriter, and poet. He is best known for his series of jazz-influenced Charlie Resnick novels, based in the City of Nottingham. He has also written under several pen names.

Charlie Resnick
Detective Inspector Charlie Resnick is the protagonist of a series of twelve police procedural novels by British writer John Harvey, based in the city of Nottingham. Resnick is of Polish descent and loves sandwiches and jazz. The series consists of 12 novels and a collection of short stories.
Battle of Atakpamé
The Battle of Atakpamé (1764) was an armed confrontation between the Ashanti Empire and neighboring Akan Allies under the leadership of the Kingdom of 
Akyem who joined up with the Kingdom of Dahomey under the Oyo Empire in and around Atakpamé in Togo.

Oyo Empire
The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire in West Africa. It was located in present-day western Nigeria (including the South West zone, Benin Republic, and the western half of the North Central zone). The empire grew to become the largest Yoruba-speaking state through the organizational and administrative efforts of the Yoruba people, trade, as well as the military use of cavalry. The Oyo Empire was one of the most politically important states in Western Africa from the late-16th to the early 18th century and held sway not only over most of the other kingdoms in Yorubaland, but also over nearby African states, notably the Fon Kingdom of Dahomey in the modern Republic of Benin on its west.
No Place Like Home (Cynthia Erivo song)
"No Place Like Home" is a song by English actress Cynthia Erivo from the soundtrack to the 2025 film Wicked: For Good, the second part of Universal Pictures's two-part film adaptation of the musical Wicked. It was released as part of the soundtrack on November 21, 2025, through Republic Records and Verve Records. Composed by Stephen Schwartz, it is an original track created for the film that was performed by Erivo in her role as Elphaba. It was nominated for Best Original Song alongside The Girl in the Bubble at the 83rd Golden Globe Awards but both songs lost to Golden from KPop Demon Hunters.

Wicked: For Good – The Soundtrack
Wicked: For Good – The Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2025 film Wicked: For Good by Jon M. Chu, which is based on the second act of the stage musical Wicked by Stephen Schwartz and Winnie Holzman. It was released by Republic Records and Verve Label Group on November 21, 2025, the same day as the film's theatrical release in the United States. Along with the film cast, the soundtrack is billed to Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande, the film's two main stars; Erivo appears on seven tracks out of eleven, while Grande appears on six.
Mental model
A mental model is an internal representation of external reality: that is, a way of representing reality within the mind. Such models are hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. The term for this concept was coined in 1943 by Kenneth Craik, who suggested that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events. Mental models can help shape behaviour, including approaches to solving problems and performing tasks.

In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. The concepts of schema and conceptual models are cognitively adjacent. Elsewhere, it is used to refer to the "mental model" theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne.

Mental model theory of reasoning
The mental model theory of reasoning was developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991). It has been applied to the main domains of deductive inference including relational inferences such as spatial and temporal deductions; propositional inferences, such as conditional, disjunctive and negation deductions; quantified inferences such as syllogisms; and meta-deductive inferences.

Ongoing research on mental models and reasoning has led the theory to be extended to account for probabilistic inference (e.g., Johnson-Laird, 2006) and counterfactual thinking (Byrne, 2005).
White Teeth (TV serial)
White Teeth is a 2002 British four-part drama TV serial based on the 2000 novel of the same name written by Zadie Smith.

The series was directed by Julian Jarrold, adapted by Simon Burke, and stars Om Puri and Phil Davis. It was broadcast by Channel 4 over four consecutive weeks between 17 September 2002 and 8 October 2002.

White Teeth
White Teeth is British author Zadie Smith's debut novel, published in 2000. It focuses on the later lives of two wartime friends—the Bangladeshi Samad Iqbal and the Englishman Archie Jones—and their families in London. The novel centres on Britain's relationship with immigrants from the British Commonwealth.

White Teeth won multiple honours, including the 2000 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction, the 2000 Whitbread Book Award in category best first novel, the Guardian First Book Award, the Commonwealth Writers First Book Prize, and the Betty Trask Award. Time magazine included the novel in its list of the 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005. In 2022, it was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, selected to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.
Wat Traimit
Wat Traimit Witthayaram Worawihan (Thai: วัดไตรมิตรวิทยาราม วรวิหาร) is a Theravada Buddhist temple (wat) in Samphanthawong district, the Chinatown area of the Thai capital Bangkok. Probably dating to the early Rattanakosin period, it was previously known as Wat Sam Chin (วัดสามจีน) and received its current name in 1940. Today, the temple is best known for the golden Buddha statue enshrined there. It also houses the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center.

Wat Traimit Museum
Wat Traimit Museum (Thai: พิพิธภัณฑ์วัดไตรมิตร) is a history museum located in Bangkok, Thailand. Situated within the Phra Maha Mondop building at Wat Traimit, which also houses the Golden Buddha image, the museum features exhibitions dedicated to the statue's history on the building's third floor, as well as the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center (ศูนย์ประวัติศาสตร์เยาวราช) on the second floor.

The Chinatown Heritage Center focuses on the history of early Chinese immigrants in Siam, particularly in the Yaowarat area, which serves as Bangkok's Chinatown. It comprises six permanent exhibitions: Growing Up under the Royal Umbrella, The Birth of the Chinese Community of Rattanakosin (1782–1851), The Path to the Golden Age (1851–1957), Hall of Fame, Phra Barami Pok Klao, and Yaowarat Today.
Noosa Heads, Queensland
Noosa Heads is a coastal town and suburb in the Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia.  It is a popular holiday destination. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Noosa Heads had a population of 5,120 people.

Shire of Noosa
The Shire of Noosa (/ˈnuːsə/) is a local government area about 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Brisbane in the Sunshine Coast district of South East Queensland, Australia. The shire covers an area of 870 square kilometres (335.9 sq mi). It existed as a local government entity from 1910 until 2008, when it was amalgamated with the Shire of Maroochy and City of Caloundra to form the Sunshine Coast Region. The shire was re-established on 1 January 2014. In the 2021 census, the shire had a population of 56,298 people.
1. FC Magdeburg
1. FC Magdeburg is a German association football club based in Magdeburg. The club was founded in 1965 from the football department of the sports club SC Magdeburg and has been one of the top teams in the East German Oberliga, winning three championships and seven cup titles. By winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1974, the club became the only East German club to win a European trophy and also achieved the greatest success in its history. After German reunification, the club fell on hard times but returned to professional football in 2015 with the promotion to the 3. Liga. Afterwards the team managed in 2018 to climb up to the second division, in which the team plays today.

1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup football club tournament was won by Magdeburg in a final victory against defending champions Milan. It was the first–and only–win for an East German side in a European tournament.
Siya Ke Ram
Siya Ke Ram (transl. Sita's Ram) is an Indian television series on Star Plus produced by Nikhil Sinha under the banner of Triangle Film Company. This show presents the epic Ramayana, the story of Sita and from Sita's perspective. The show features Madirakshi Mundle as Sita and Karthik Jayaram as Raavan. It premiered on 16 November 2015 and ended on 4 November 2016.

Karthik Jayaram
Karthik Jayaram is an Indian actor in the Kannada film industry. He is known for his work in the Colors Kannada television soap opera Ashwini Nakshatra, in which he played actor Jay "JK" Krishna. He also acted in Siya Ke Ram as Raavana in Star Plus. His first role as a lead actor came in Just Love. He was second runner-up in the 2017 reality show Bigg Boss Kannada 5.
Chun Tae-il: A Flame That Lives On
Chun Tae-il: A Flame That Lives On, also known as Chun Tae-il or in Korean as Taeiri (Korean: 태일이; RR: Taeiri) is a 2021 South Korean animated film about the true story of Jeon Tae-il. The film is directed by Byun Young-kyu and Hong Jun-pyo. It was released in theaters on December 1, 2021.

Jeon Tae-il
Jeon Tae-il (Korean: 전태일; 28 September 1948 – 13 November 1970) was a South Korean sewing worker and workers' rights activist who committed suicide by self-immolation at the age of 22 in protest of the poor working conditions of South Korean factories during the Third Republic era. His death brought attention to the country's substandard labor conditions and advanced the formation of a labor union movement in South Korea.
Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.

Great Salt Desert
The Great Salt Desert or  Kavir Desert (Persian: دشت كوير, romanized: Dasht-e Kavir, lit. 'Low Plains' in classical Persian, from khwar (low), and dasht (plain, flatland)) is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian Plateau. It is about 800 kilometres (500 mi) long by 320 kilometres (200 mi) wide with a total surface area of about 77,600 km2 (30,000 sq mi), making it the world's 24th largest desert. The desert stretches from the Alborz mountain range in the north-west to the Lut Desert in the south-east. It is spread across the Iranian provinces of Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Isfahan and Yazd.
Wang Ou
Wang Ou (Chinese: 王鸥; pinyin: Wáng Ōu, born 28 October 1982), also known as Angel Wang, is a Chinese actress and model. She is known for playing Wang Manchun in Disguiser and Qin Banruo in Nirvana in Fire.

The Disguiser
The Disguiser (Chinese: 伪装者; pinyin: Wěi Zhuāng Zhě) is a 2015 Chinese spy war television drama based on Zhang Yong's novel, Spy War on Shanghai Bund (諜戰上海灘). It was produced by Hou Hongliang and directed by Li Xue, and stars Hu Ge, Jin Dong, Liu Mintao and Wang Kai as the members of the Ming family. The series tells the story Ming Tai, a rich and naïve young master of the Ming household, who is trained to become a spy for the Kuomintang to fight Wang Jingwei’s leadership of Japan's puppet regime in China. It originally aired daily on Hunan Television from 31 August to 28 September 2015.

The series was met with critical acclaim, topping Sohu TV ratings, and was nominated for "Outstanding Drama" at the 30th Flying Apsaras Awards.
The Man on the Balcony (film)
The Man on the Balcony (Swedish: Mannen på balkongen, German: Der Mann auf dem Balkon) is a 1993 Swedish-German crime thriller film, based on the 1967 book The Man on the Balcony written by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö. This is the fourth film which stars Gösta Ekman as Martin Beck and Rolf Lassgård as Gunvald Larsson.

"Mannen på balkongen" has been considered as the best ever Martin Beck film starring Gösta Ekman, and Gösta Ekman became highly popular and regarded for his brilliant portrayal of Martin Beck in this picture by his fans. His fine performance also attracted several new fans to his side, and "The Man on the Balcony" was one of the most successful films in Sweden in the year of 1993.

Martin Beck
Martin Beck is a fictional Swedish police detective and the main character in a series of ten novels by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, collectively titled The Story of a Crime. Frequently referred to as the Martin Beck stories, all were adapted into films between 1967 and 1994. Six were adapted for the series featuring Gösta Ekman as Martin Beck.

Between 1997 and 2018, there were also 38 films (some released direct for video and broadcast on television) based on the characters, with Peter Haber as Martin Beck. Apart from the core duo of Beck and his right-hand man Gunvald Larsson, the latter adaptations bear little resemblance to the plots of the original series. They feature a widely different and evolving cast of characters, though roughly similar themes and settings around Stockholm.
Ethiopia Street
Ethiopia Street (during the British Mandate period and even afterwards: Abyssinian street or Habashim Street) is a street in the center of Jerusalem, branching off from HaNevi'im Street, and parallel to the nearby B'nai B'rith Street.

Street of the Prophets
Street of the Prophets (Hebrew: רחוב הנביאים, Rehov HaNevi'im) is an east–west axis road in Jerusalem beginning outside Damascus Gate and ending at Davidka Square. Located to the north of Jaffa Road, it bisects the neighborhood of Musrara.

During its heyday in the late 19th century and early 20th century, Street of the Prophets was a favorite address for hospitals, churches, monasteries, hospices, government offices, foreign consulates, and wealthy Christian, Jewish and Muslim residents.

Today the street still boasts the same heterogeneous mix of residents and workers, as well as schools, hospitals, churches and government offices. The elegant 19th-century architecture gives Street of the Prophets the appellation of "most beautiful street outside the Old City", while its historic buildings make it the most popular site for guided tours outside the Old City.
Post bronchodilator test
The post bronchodilator test (Post BD), also commonly referred to as a reversibility test, is a test that utilizes spirometry to assess possible reversibility of bronchoconstriction in diseases such as asthma.

Spirometry
Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. Spirometry is helpful in assessing breathing patterns that identify conditions such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and COPD. It is also helpful as part of a system of health surveillance, in which breathing patterns are measured over time.

Spirometry generates pneumotachographs, which are charts that plot the volume and flow of air coming in and out of the lungs from one inhalation and one exhalation.
Teluk Tempoyak
Teluk Tempoyak is a coastal village within the city of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located near the southeastern tip of Penang Island, about 16 km (9.9 mi) south of the city centre. The village lies just south of Batu Maung and faces the Penang Strait to the east.

Batu Maung
Batu Maung is a residential neighbourhood in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located 15.7 km (9.8 mi) south of the city centre, adjacent to Bayan Lepas and the Penang International Airport. Batu Maung is home to the island terminus of the Second Penang Bridge and the southern end of the Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway. It is also surrounded by fishing villages such as Permatang Damar Laut and Teluk Tempoyak.

Formerly an agricultural village, the development of Batu Maung into a residential neighbourhood began in the late 20th century. Part of the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone actually lies within the township, which also houses the headquarters of WorldFish Center and a deepwater fishing port.
Jean Shackelford
Jean A. Shackelford (born 1946), is a professor of economics emerita in the department of economics at Bucknell University, Lewisburg, central Pennsylvania, US and, from 1993 to 1995, was the president of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE). Her book Economics: a tool for critically understanding society, co-written with Tom Riddell, Stephen C. Stamos and Geoffrey Schneider, is now in its ninth edition.

Her research interests are: the history of economic thought; economic pedagogy; and, economics and technology.

International Association for Feminist Economics
The International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) is a non-profit international association dedicated to raising awareness and inquiry of feminist economics. It has some eight hundred members in over 90 countries.  The association publishes a quarterly journal entitled Feminist Economics.