hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whitespotted bullhead shark
Sharks portal

The whitespotted bullhead shark, Heterodontus ramalheira, is a bullhead shark of the family Heterodontidae found in the western and northern Indian Ocean between latitudes 22°N to 26°S, at depths between 40 and 305 m. It can grow up to a length of 83 cm.

Little is known about the whitespotted bullhead shark. It is found on the outer continental shelf and is thought to feed on crabs, based on the gut contents of two specimen. As a member of the genus Heterodontus, it is thought to be oviparous, but egg case of this species have never been seen.

Bullhead shark
The bullhead sharks are members of the genus Heterodontus, the only members of the family Heterodontidae and only living members of the order Heterodontiformes. All are relatively small, with the largest species reaching just 1.65 metres (5.5 ft) in maximum length. They are bottom feeders in tropical and subtropical waters.

The Heterodontiforms appear in the fossil record in the Early Jurassic. The oldest fossils of the modern genus date to the Late Jurassic. Despite the very ancient origins of this genus and its abundance in the fossil record, phylogenetic evidence indicates that all extant species in the genus arose from a single common ancestor that survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, with diversification into modern species only starting around the mid-Eocene.
Total Drama Action
Total Drama Action (abbreviated TDA) is a Canadian animated television series. It is the second season of Total Drama, airing after Total Drama Island. It premiered on Teletoon on January 11, 2009. This season was also created by the makers of 6teen, another Teletoon program. Unlike in previous seasons, Teletoon did not air new episodes every week.

Total Drama Island
Total Drama Island  (sometimes shortened to TDI) is the first season of the Total Drama series, a Canadian animated  television series created by Tom McGillis and Jennifer Pertsch. The series premiered in Canada on Teletoon on July 8, 2007, and later in the US on Cartoon Network on June 5, 2008. The season has 26 episodes, each 22 minutes in duration, as well as a special 44-minute season finale.
Fort Lincoln (District of Columbia)
Fort Lincoln was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, DC during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln.

Battery Jamson was a large battery east of the fort overlooking the Anacostia River providing additional support.

Fort Slocum (Washington, D.C.)
Fort Slocum was one of seven temporary earthwork forts, part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War, built in the Northeast quadrant of the city after the beginning of the war by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln.
MCM – Gospel Reprise: A Few More Gems
Gospel Reprise: A Few More Gems is an EP by rapper MCM (Mark Layman), former front man for UK hip hop group Caveman. The EP was digitally released on 23 April 2012 to support the previous MCM album The Gospel: The Missing Gems of MCM Caveman (1994-2011). It features several unreleased songs from the 1990s era not found on the 2011 album.

MCM – The Gospel: The Missing Gems of MCM Caveman
The Gospel: The Missing Gems of MCM Caveman is the first solo studio album release by veteran UK Hip-Hop artist MCM, real name Mark Layman. MCM originally was the front man for 1990s UK Hip-Hop group Caveman. It contains recordings from 1994 to 2011.
Fronfraith Hall
Fronfraith Hall is a mid-Victorian house in the historic parish of Llandyssil in the shire area of Montgomeryshire in Powys. Fronfraith also appears in records as Bronfraith and Vronvraith. Fronfraith was also a township within the parish of Llandyssil. The present house was built in 1863 under the supervision of the Shrewsbury architect James Pickard This house replaced a large house, probably a half-timbered Tudor mansion, which had been the home of the Morgan family. In 1966,  the west wing of the Fronfraith Hall was badly damaged as the result of a fire, but has now been restored. The Hall is now partly used as a guest house.

Llandyssil
Llandyssil (Welsh: Llandysul) is a village in the community of Abermule with Llandyssil, in Powys, Wales, in the traditional county of Montgomeryshire. It is about two miles from the town of Montgomery.

In 2001 there were 420 inhabitants in the parish, of whom 300 lived in the village itself.
Reno and Smiley
Reno and Smiley were an American musical duo that was composed of Don Reno (May 17, 1925 – October 16, 1984) and Red Smiley (February 21, 1925 –  January 2, 1972). They were one of the most acclaimed duos in country and bluegrass music in the 1950s and early 1960s.

Arthur Lee "Red" Smiley
Arthur Lee "Red" Smiley (May 17, 1925 – January 2, 1972) was an American bluegrass and country musician, best known for his guitar playing with Don Reno under the name Reno and Smiley.

Smiley was born in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. He began recording with Don Reno in 1952 and the two formed Reno & Smiley.  The two's partnership lasted until 1964 with a mutual parting of ways.  In the later 1960s he would again work with Reno along with Bill Harrell. Mandolinist David Grisman played with Smiley's band early in his career. While returning home from a tour of Eastern Canada and the Northeastern United States, Smiley died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in January 1972 at the age of 46, due to complications with diabetes. He was buried at the DeHart Cemetery in the Jackson Line community of Bryson City, North Carolina.
ClamAV
ClamAV (Clam AntiVirus) is a free software, cross-platform antimalware toolkit able to detect many types of malware, including viruses. It was developed for Unix and has third party versions available for AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux, macOS, OpenVMS, OSF (Tru64), Solaris and Haiku. As of version 0.97.5, ClamAV builds and runs on Microsoft Windows. Both ClamAV and its updates are made available free of charge. One of its main uses is on mail servers as a server-side email virus scanner.

Antivirus software
Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is software intended to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other computer threats. Some products also include protection from malicious URLs, spam, and phishing.
Awre
Awre (/ɔːr/) is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Forest of Dean District of Gloucestershire, England, near the River Severn.

Both the parish and the electoral ward include Blakeney, Etloe, Gatcombe, Viney Hill, and Two Bridges.

According to the 2001 census, Awre had a population of 1,644, increasing to 1,714 at the 2011 census. The electoral ward gives similar figures

Blakeney, Gloucestershire
Blakeney is a village in Gloucestershire, England. It in the parish of Awre and has views of the Forest of Dean.

It was the site of a Roman villa, dating to 75 AD, and home to Thomas Sternhold, a groom of King Henry VIII's Robes.

The local manor house is Hayes Manor, Viney Hill. Hawfield House on Newnham Road was built c. 1790.
Parthini
The Parthini, Partini or Partheenatai were an Illyrian tribe that lived in southern Illyria (modern Albania). They likely were located in the Shkumbin valley controlling the important route between the Adriatic Sea and Macedonia, which corresponded to the Via Egnatia of Roman times. Consequently, their neighbours to the west were the Taulantii and to the east the Dassaretii in the region of Lychnidus.

Taulantii
Taulantii or Taulantians ('swallow-men'; Ancient Greek: Ταυλάντιοι, Taulantioi or Χελιδόνιοι, Chelidonioi; Latin: Taulantii) were an Illyrian people that lived on the Adriatic coast of southern Illyria (modern Albania). They dominated at various times much of the plain between the rivers Drin (Drilon) and Vjosa (Aoös). Their central area was the hinterland of Epidamnos-Dyrrhachion, corresponding to present-day Tirana and the region between the valleys of Mat and Shkumbin (Genusus). The Taulantii are among the oldest attested Illyrian peoples, who established a powerful kingdom in southern Illyria. They are among the peoples who most marked Illyrian history, and thus found their place in the numerous works of historians in classical antiquity.
Molossians
The Molossians (Greek: Μολοσσοί or Μολοττοί, romanized: Molossoi or Molottoi) were a group of ancient Greek tribes which inhabited the region of Epirus in classical antiquity. Together with the Chaonians and the Thesprotians, they formed the main tribal groupings of the northwestern Greek group. On their northern frontier, they neighbored the Chaonians and on their southern frontier neighbored the kingdom of the Thesprotians. They formed their own state around 370 BC and were part of the League of Epirus. The most famous Molossian ruler was Pyrrhus of Epirus, considered one of the greatest generals of antiquity. The Molossians sided with the Macedonians against Rome in the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC) and were defeated. Following the war, the region witnessed devastation while a considerable number of Molossians and other Epirotes were enslaved and transported to the Roman Republic, in the Italian Peninsula.

Thesprotians
The Thesprotians (Ancient Greek: Θεσπρωτοί, romanized: Thesprōtoí) were an ancient Greek tribe, akin to the Molossians, inhabiting the kingdom of Thesprotis in Epirus. Together with the Molossians and the Chaonians, they formed the main tribes of the northwestern Greek group. On their northeastern frontier, they neighbored the Chaonians and on their northern frontier they neighbored the kingdom of the Molossians. The poet Homer frequently mentions Thesprotia in the Odyssey, which had friendly relations with Ithaca and Doulichi. The Thesprotians originally controlled the Dodona oracle, the oldest religious shrine in Greece. Later, they were part of the Epirus until they were annexed into the Roman Empire.
Michael Drakos Soutzos
Michael Drakos Soutzos (Greek: Μιχαήλ Δράκος Σούτζος; Romanian: Mihai Draco Suțu; 1730 – 1803) was a Prince of Moldavia between 1792 and 1795. A member of the Soutzos family of Phanariotes (descended from the Drakos family), he was the grandfather of Michael Soutzos, himself a ruler of Moldavia between 1819 and 1821.

Soutzos family
The House of Soutzos or Soutsos (Greek: Σούτσος, Σούτζος; Romanian: Suțu, Sutzu) was a Phanariote family which grew into prominence and power in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) during the last centuries of Ottoman Empire and gave several hospodars to the Danubian Principalities, like Alexandros Soutzos, Michael (I) Drakos Soutzos and Michael (II) Soutzos.
Blacksburg, Virginia
Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 44,826 at the 2020 census. Blacksburg and the surrounding county is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech.

Blacksburg, Christiansburg, and the city of Radford are the three principal jurisdictions of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area, which encompasses those jurisdictions and all of Montgomery, Pulaski, and Giles counties for statistical purposes. The MSA has an estimated population of 181,863 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia.

Montgomery County, Virginia
Montgomery County is a county located in the Valley and Ridge area of the U.S. state of Virginia. As population in the area increased, Montgomery County was formed in 1777 from Fincastle County, which in turn had been taken from Botetourt County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,721. Its county seat is Christiansburg, and Blacksburg is the largest town. Montgomery County is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area. It is dominated economically by the presence of Virginia Tech, Virginia's third largest public university, which is the county's largest employer.
Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.

Halton Stadium
The Halton Stadium (currently known as the DCBL Stadium for sponsorship reasons) is a multi-purpose rugby league, football and American football stadium in Widnes, Cheshire, England. It is the home of Rugby League side Widnes Vikings of the Championship, football team Widnes Football Club of the Northern Premier League who play their home games at the stadium, and also the American football side Halton Spartans of the BAFA National Leagues, the Halton Spartans having competed in the BAFANL national American football league since 2015. The stadium is all seater and has a total capacity of 13,350.

During the 2011 Super League Season, St. Helens played their home games at the stadium. From 2013 to 2018 the Stadium was home to Everton Ladies and Liverpool Ladies. Since 2013 the stadium has also been used as the venue for the Drum Corps United Kingdom "British Drum Corps Championships".
Jessica Darling
The Jessica Darling books are a New York Times bestselling series of five young adult novels by Megan McCafferty, published between 2001 and 2009. Told from the diary-style perspective of character Jessica Darling, the series chronicles her misadventures through high school, college, and beyond. McCafferty also published a Jessica Darling short story called "Fifteen Going On ..." in a 2004 anthology she edited called Sixteen: Stories About That Sweet and Bitter Birthday.

In 2006, Harvard student Kaavya Viswanathan was accused of plagiarizing the first two Jessica Darling novels in 2006, as well as the works of other writers, in her highly publicized debut novel How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life.

How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life
How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life is a controversial young adult novel by Kaavya Viswanathan, written just after she graduated from high school. Its 2006 debut was highly publicized while she was enrolled at Harvard University, but the book was withdrawn after it was discovered that portions had been plagiarized from several sources, including the works of Megan McCafferty, Salman Rushdie, and Meg Cabot.

Viswanathan immediately apologized and stated that similarities were "completely unintentional and unconscious." All shelf copies of Opal Mehta were ultimately recalled and destroyed by the publisher, and Viswanathan's contract for a second book was canceled.
Filipino styles and honorifics
In the Philippine languages, a system of titles and honorifics was used extensively throughout its history. In the pre-colonial era, It was mostly used by the Tagalogs and Visayans. These were borrowed from the Malay system of honorifics obtained from the Moro peoples of Mindanao, which in turn was based on the Indianized Sanskrit honorifics system and the Chinese's used in areas like Ma-i (Mindoro) and Pangasinan. The titles of historical figures such as Rajah Sulayman, Lakandula and Dayang Kalangitan evidence Indian influence. Malay titles are still used by the royal houses of Sulu, Maguindanao, Maranao and Iranun on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. In the Spanish colonial era, Philip II of Spain decreed that the nobility in the Philippine islands should retain their pre-hispanic honours and privileges. In the modern times, these are retained on a traditional basis as the 1987 Constitution explicitly reaffirms the abolition of royal and noble titles in the republic.

Indian honorifics
Indian honorifics are honorific titles or appendices to names used in the Indian subcontinent, covering formal and informal social, commercial, and religious relationships. These may take the form of prefixes, suffixes or replacements.
Moana Carcasses Kalosil
Moana Carcasses Kalosil (born 27 January 1963) is a Ni-Vanuatu politician who became Prime Minister of Vanuatu from March 2013 to May 2014. He was the first naturalized citizen of Vanuatu to become the country's prime minister.

Carcasses was ousted as prime minister in 2014 in a motion of no-confidence, but returned to government in 2015 as deputy prime minister in the government let by Sato Kilman. In October 2015, Carcasses and 13 of his fellow government MPs were imprisoned for bribery after the Vanuatu Supreme Court found that Carcasses had offered loans to the other MPs to gain their support in a motion of no-confidence while in Opposition.

Sato Kilman
Meltek Sato Kilman Livtuvanu (born 30 December 1957) is a Vanuatuan politician who served as the Prime Minister of Vanuatu on four previous occasions, most recently from 4 September to 6 October 2023. He was previously prime minister from December 2010 to April 2011, from May to June 2011 and June 2015 to February 2016, though his premiership was subsequently annulled by a court of law.

Kilman was elected prime minister again on 26 June 2011, thus beginning his first legally recognised term in the premiership; he served until 23 March 2013. He is also the Leader of the People's Progress Party and an MP from Lakatoro on Malekula Island. On October 6, 2023, he was ousted by a vote of no confidence.
Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc., 544 U.S. 528 (2005), was a landmark case in United States regulatory takings law whereby the Court expressly overruled precedent created in Agins v. City of Tiburon. Agins held that a government regulation of private property effects a taking if such regulation does not substantially advance legitimate state interests. Writing for the Court, Justice O’Connor found the test untenable for a number of reasons, but declined to grant Chevron relief because Chevron’s motion before the court (for grant of summary judgment) was limited to a discussion of the “substantially advances” theory which had just been struck down. The Court remanded to the Ninth Circuit for a determination of whether the statute exacted a taking according to the formula of Penn Central.

Agins v. City of Tiburon
Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the test for determining whether a zoning ordinance or governmental regulation will be considered a taking is whether such action “substantially advances” a legitimate state interest.

The Court subsequently overruled this decision twenty-five years later in Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc., 554 U.S. 528 (2005).
Iñaki Williams
Iñaki Williams Arthuer (born 15 June 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for La Liga club Athletic Bilbao, where he is captain, and the Ghana national team.

Developed at Athletic Bilbao's academy, he has made over 475 first-team appearances for the club, including a La Liga record of 251 consecutive matches. He scored the winning goal of the 2020–21 Supercopa de España, and also won the 2023–24 Copa del Rey.

Born in Spain to Ghanaian parents, Williams made one appearance for the Spain national team in 2016. In 2022, he chose to represent Ghana at international level, and was selected for the 2022 FIFA World Cup as well as the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations. His younger brother Nico also plays for Athletic Bilbao, and for Spain.

Nico Williams
Nicholas Williams Arthuer (born 12 July 2002) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for La Liga club Athletic Bilbao and the Spain national team. He is recognised for his speed and dribbling skills.

Joining Athletic Bilbao's youth academy in 2013, he was promoted to the reserve team in 2020 and to the first team a year later, becoming a teammate of elder brother Iñaki Williams, with both winning the 2023–24 Copa del Rey.

Williams debuted for Spain's senior side in 2022. He was a member of their 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2024 squads, scoring and being named man of the match in the final of the latter, as Spain won the tournament.
Officiality
The officiality is the ecclesiastical court responsible for administering justice in the name of the person who exercises judicial authority in the Catholic Church.

Under the Latin forms officialatus in the 13th century and officialitas in the 14th century, the term officiality originally designated the office of the judicial vicar. It subsequently also came to designate the court presided over by the vicar.

The word "officiality" is more a customary term than a technical one. The Code of Canon Law of 1983 uses the term tribunal.

Ecclesiastical court
In organized Christianity, an ecclesiastical court, also called court Christian or court spiritual, is any of certain non-adversarial courts conducted by church-approved officials having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters. Historically, they interpret or apply canon law. One of its primary bases was the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian, which is also considered the source of the civil law legal tradition.

In the United Kingdom, secular courts that took over the functions of the ecclesiastic courts, e.g. in family law, are still known as courts ecclesiastical as distinct from courts temporal.
Atyoida
Atyoida is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. There are five species in the genus, each endemic to a different Pacific island group. The type species, Atyoida bisulcata, is endemic to Hawaiʻi and described by John Witt Randall in 1840.

Atyoida bisulcata
Atyoida bisulcata, also called ʻŌpae kalaʻole or ʻŌpae kuahiwi in Hawaiian, is a species of freshwater shrimp endemic to Hawaiʻi in the family Atyidae. It was described in 1840 by John Witt Randall and is the type species for the genus Atyoida.