hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.

Jiu (river)
The Jiu (Romanian: [ʒiw] ⓘ; Hungarian: Zsil [ʒil]; German: Schil or Schiel; Latin: Rabon) is a river in southern Romania. It is formed near Petroșani by the confluence of headwaters Jiul de Vest and Jiul de Est.

It flows southward through the Romanian counties Hunedoara, Gorj, and Dolj before flowing into the Danube near Zăval, a few kilometers upstream from the Bulgarian city of Oryahovo. It is 339 kilometres (211 mi) long, including its source river, Jiul de Vest. It has a basin of 10,430 km2 (4,030 sq mi). Its average discharge at the mouth is 97 m3/s (3,400 cu ft/s).

The upper Jiu Valley, around Petroșani and Lupeni, is Romania's principal coal mining region.
Isabel Ursula Teshea
Isabel Ursula Teshea, TC (24 July 1911 – 14 April 1981) was an Afro-Trinidadian social worker, human rights activist, and politician. One of the founders of the People's National Movement, she served as vice chair of the party and was the first woman to hold the office. When Trinidad and Tobago gained its independence from Britain, she ran as a candidate, becoming the first woman elected in the newly established House of Representatives. She became the first woman cabinet Minister and later ambassador for the country. Posthumously, she was awarded the Trinity Cross, the highest honor of the country.

Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians, also known as Afro-Trinbagonians or Black Trinidadians and Tobagonians, are people from Trinidad and Tobago whose ancestors are of Sub-Saharan African origin, primarily from West Africa, brought to the islands during the transatlantic slave trade beginning in the 17th century.

According to the 2011 Trinidad and Tobago Census, Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians made up 34.2% of the population, the second largest ethnic group, with an additional 22.8% identifying as Multiracial, including 7.7% who identified specifically as Dougla, a mix of African and Indian descent.

During the colonial era, terms such as Mulatto, Creole, Dougla, Zambo, Maroon, Pardo, Quadroon, Octoroon, and Hexadecaroon (Quintroon) were used to classify people based on proportions of African ancestry. These classifications were common across the Caribbean, Latin America, and North American regions.
Saint Helena Airport
Saint Helena Airport (IATA: HLE, ICAO: FHSH) is an international airport on Saint Helena, a remote island in the south Atlantic Ocean, in the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha.

The construction of the runway was finished in 2015 and the airport opened in 2016. The inaugural scheduled flight was delayed, but general aviation, charter, and medical evacuation flights were able to serve the airport from May 2016.

The airport began scheduled commercial services on 14 October 2017, when the South African carrier Airlink inaugurated a weekly service from O. R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg, South Africa, via Walvis Bay Airport, Namibia, using an Embraer E190-100IGW, about one and a half years after the originally expected inauguration date. The service was flown with a smaller-sized aircraft because of wind shear problems affecting the airport. Additionally, monthly charter flights operate between Ascension Island and Saint Helena.

Airlink
Airlink (previously known as South African Airlink) is a regional airline based in Johannesburg, South Africa. Its main business is to provide services between smaller, under-served towns and larger hub airports. It has since expanded to offer flights on larger, mainline routes.

The airline has a network of more than 60 routes to over 45 destinations in Southern Africa. In January 2021, it became the second-largest carrier within Africa by number of flights, and third-largest by number of seats.
Järvenpää
Järvenpää (Finnish: [ˈjærʋemˌpæː]; Swedish: Träskända, Finland Swedish: [ˈtreskenˌda]; lit. 'lake's end')  is a town in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Järvenpää is situated in the centre of the Uusimaa region in the immediate vicinity of Lake Tuusula. The population of Järvenpää is approximately 47,000. It is the 24th most populous municipality in Finland. Järvenpää is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

Järvenpää is located on the Helsinki-Riihimäki railway line in the Uusimaa region, about 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Helsinki. Neighbouring municipalities are Tuusula, Sipoo and Mäntsälä. People also refer to Kerava as Järvenpää's neighbour, although technically they do not share a border due to the one kilometre-wide strip of land that belongs to Tuusula.

Tuusula
Tuusula (Finnish: [ˈtuːsulɑ]; Swedish: Tusby [ˈtʉːsby]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Tuusula is situated in the centre of the Uusimaa region. The population of Tuusula is approximately 43,000. It is the 27th most populous municipality in Finland and the second most populous municipality without city status (Finnish: kaupunki) after Nurmijärvi. Tuusula is part of the Helsinki metropolitan area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

A laurel branch in the coat of arms of Tuusula refers to the local artist community and a wheellock was borrowed from the coat of arms of the Stålhane noble family, which has long been influential in Tuusula. The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson in 1953.
Asmara International Community School
The Asmara International Community School (AICS) in Asmara, Eritrea, is an independent, coeducational day school which offers an educational program to children from prekindergarten (age 3) through grade 12. The school was founded in 1994 to serve the needs of the international community and other students seeking English-language education.

Istituto Italiano Statale Omnicomprensivo di Asmara
The Italian School of Asmara (officially Istituto italiano statale omnicomprensivo di Asmara - Scuola italiana di Asmara) was a government-operated Italian international school located in Asmara, the capital of Eritrea. The school closed in 2020.
Boris Vyacheslavich
Boris Vyacheslavich (died 1078) was Prince of Chernigov for eight days in 1077. He was the son of Vyacheslav Yaroslavich, Prince of Smolensk. Following his father's death in 1057, the child Boris was debarred from his inheritance. He died fighting against his uncles—Vsevolod Yaroslavich, Prince of Chernigov and Izyaslav Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev—on 3 October 1078.

Vyacheslav Yaroslavich
Vyacheslav Yaroslavich or Viacheslav Yaroslavich was the Prince of Smolensk from 1054 until his death in 1059.

He was son of Yaroslav the Wise and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden.

About Vyacheslav, there is almost no information. Some documents point out the fact of him having a son, Boris Vyacheslavich, who challenged Vsevolod I sometime in 1077-1078.
Donny Osmond
Donald Clark Osmond (born December 9, 1957) is an American singer, dancer, actor, television host and former teen idol. He gained fame performing with four of his elder brothers as the Osmonds, earning several top ten hits and gold albums. In the early 1970s, Osmond began a solo career, earning several additional top ten songs.

He further gained fame due to the success of the 1976–1979 variety series Donny & Marie, which Osmond hosted with his sister, Marie Osmond. The Donny & Marie duo also released a series of top ten hits and gold albums and hosted a syndicated and Daytime Emmy Award–nominated 1998–2000 talk show. Donny & Marie retired from headlining an 11-year Las Vegas residency at the Flamingo Las Vegas in 2019.

He also successfully competed on two reality TV shows, winning season 9 of Dancing with the Stars and being named runner-up for season 1 of The Masked Singer. He also hosted the game show Pyramid from 2002 to 2004.

Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)
Donny & Marie is an American variety show that aired on ABC from January 1976 to May 1979.  The show starred brother-and-sister pop duo Donny and Marie Osmond. Donny had first become popular singing in a music group with his brothers, The Osmonds, and Marie was one of the youngest singers to reach No. 1 on the Billboard country music charts (with "Paper Roses", in 1973).

The siblings were offered a weekly show by ABC-TV President Fred Silverman after he saw the duo co-host a week on The Mike Douglas Show which followed their series of popular remakes of oldies, such as "I'm Leaving It All Up to You", "Morning Side of the Mountain" and "Make the World Go Away".  Donny and Marie (18 and 16 years old, respectively, when the program premiered) were the youngest entertainers in TV history to host their own variety show. A year later, The Keane Brothers would break this record.
Tighina Fortress
The Tighina Fortress (Romanian: Cetatea Tighina; renamed by the Turks as Bender; Russian: Бендерская крепость, romanized: Benderskaya krepost') was a 15th-century fortress on the right bank of the Dniester River in Bender (also known as Tighina), Moldova, built from earth and wood during the reign of Prince Stephen the Great. In 1538 it was conquered by the Turkish sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who ordered it to be rebuilt in stone and enlarged.

Dniester
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.
Florida State Road 277
State Road 277 (SR 277) is a north-south state and county highway in the panhandle in the U.S. state of Florida that extends from State Road 79 (SR 79) in Vernon to U.S. Route 90 (US 90) in Hulaw west of Chipley. SR 277 runs entirely through Washington County, although one of the two county extensions runs through both Washington and Jackson Counties, Most, if not all of the road is a two-lane undivided highway. Between its termini, SR 277 intersects with no state roads other than former ones, and shares a concurrency with at least one of those county roads. A sizeable portion of the road runs in close proximity to the east side of Holmes Creek.

Washington County, Florida
Washington County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Florida, in the Panhandle. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,318. Its county seat is Chipley. Washington County is included in the Panama City—Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
How Not to Summon a Demon Lord
How Not to Summon a Demon Lord, also known as The King of Darkness Another World Story: Slave Magic (Japanese: 異世界魔王と召喚少女の奴隷魔術, Hepburn: Isekai Maō to Shōkan Shōjo no Dorei Majutsu; transl. "The Other World Demon Lord and the Summoning Girl's Slave Magic") is a Japanese light novel series written by Yukiya Murasaki and illustrated by Takahiro Tsurusaki. The light novels are published in English by J-Novel Club. A manga adaptation by Naoto Fukuda has been running since 2015, and is licensed by Seven Seas Entertainment. An anime television series adaptation by Ajiado aired from July 5 to September 20, 2018. A second season by Tezuka Productions and Okuruto Noboru aired from April 9 to June 11, 2021.

Tezuka Productions
Tezuka Productions Co., Ltd. (株式会社手塚プロダクション, Kabushiki-gaisha Tezuka Purodakushon) is a Japanese mass media company founded by Osamu Tezuka in 1968, based in Shinjuku, Tokyo. The company is known for managing, supervising and licensing the intellectual property of Tezuka's works through various business areas such as publishing, animation, films, toys, video games among others. Aside from its licensing business, the company also handles an animation studio in Tezuka's former studio office in Niiza, Saitama and has produced notable works such as Marvelous Melmo, the 1980 and 2003 Astro Boy series, and Black Jack among others.

Astro Boy, the titular character of the media franchise of the same name serves as the company's mascot.
Llewelyn Robert Owen Storey
Llewelyn Robert Owen Storey (born 5 November 1927; also known as L. R. O. Storey, L. R. Owen Storey, and Owen Storey) is a British physicist and electrical engineer who has worked and lived most of his adult life in France. He is known for his research on the Earth's atmosphere, especially whistlers—very low frequency (VLF) radio waves caused by lightning strikes—and the plasmasphere. He was the first person to prove whistlers are caused by lightning strikes and to deduce the plasmasphere's existence. He was heavily involved in designing scientific instruments for FR-1, a 1965 French-American satellite, and subsequent studies and experiments using data FR-1 collected.

Plasmasphere
The plasmasphere, or inner magnetosphere, is a region of the Earth's magnetosphere consisting of low-energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density. In 1963 American scientist Don Carpenter and Soviet astronomer Konstantin Gringauz proved the plasmasphere and plasmapause's existence from the analysis of very low frequency (VLF) whistler wave data. Traditionally, the plasmasphere has been regarded as a well behaved cold plasma with particle motion dominated entirely by the geomagnetic field and, hence, co-rotating with the Earth.
Space Vision 2040 (Pakistan)
The Space Programme 2040 is a satellite development and launch initiative undertaken by SUPARCO, Pakistan's national space agency. The program aims to replace the country's existing Badr satellite series and establish a new fleet of satellites.

The program's timeline spans from 2011 to 2040, during which SUPARCO has planned to launch five geostationary (GEO) satellites and six low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The first satellite under this program, PakSAT-1R, was successfully launched on August 11, 2011, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China. The primary objectives of the Space Programme 2040 are to advance satellite technology, promote socio-economic development, conduct scientific research, and develop military capabilities.

The program received official approval from Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani in July 2011, with funding allocated in the 2011 Pakistan fiscal year budget.

Paksat-1R
Paksat-1R (or Paksat-1 Replacement) is a geosynchronous, communications satellite that was manufactured by China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC)  and operated by the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), an executive space authority of the Government of Pakistan.
United Nations Commission on Korea
The United Nations Commission on Korea (UNCOK; Korean: 유엔 한국 위원회) was established on 12 December 1948 by the United Nations (UN) to deal with various issues relating to the trusteeship of Korea. It was eventually dissolved on 7 October 1950.

United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea
The 1951 UN Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea (UNCURK) occurred as part of the Korean War. Many of the participating nations include those who participated in the United Nations Command.

It was disbanded in 1973.
Arata Isozaki
Arata Isozaki (磯崎 新, Isozaki Arata; 23 July 1931 – 28 December 2022) was a Japanese architect, urban designer, and theorist from Ōita. He was awarded the Royal Gold Medal in 1986 and the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2019. He taught at Columbia University, Harvard University, and Yale University.

Ōita (city)
Ōita (大分市, Ōita-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜː.i.ta, oː-, oː.i.taꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Ōita Prefecture, located on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 474,804 in 230,867 households, and a  population density of 950 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 502.38 km2 (193.97 sq mi).
Sulfur mining in Sicily
Sulfur was one of Sicily's most important mineral resources, which is no longer exploited. The area covered by the large deposits is the central area of the island and lies between the provinces of Caltanissetta, Enna and Agrigento. The area is also known to geologists as the chalky-sulfur plateau. The area of mining exploitation also extended as far as the Province of Palermo with the Lercara Friddi basin and the Province of Catania, of which a part of the Province of Enna was part until 1928; it is the one in which sulfur mining, processing and transport took place in the last quarter of the millennium. For a time it also represented the maximum production area worldwide.

Province of Agrigento
The province of Agrigento (Italian: provincia di Agrigento; Sicilian: pruvincia di Girgenti) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy, situated on its south-western coast. Following the suppression of the Sicilian provinces, it was replaced in 2015 by the Free Municipal Consortium of Agrigento (Italian: libero consorzio comunale di Agrigento). As of 2025, the area has a population of 408,059 in an area of 3,052.59 square kilometres (1,178.61 sq mi) across its 43 municipalities (comuni).
USS Zumwalt
USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000) is a guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy. She is the lead ship of the Zumwalt class and the first ship to be named after Admiral Elmo Zumwalt. Zumwalt has stealth capabilities, having a radar cross-section similar to a fishing boat despite her large size. On 7 December 2015, Zumwalt began her sea trial preparatory to joining the Pacific Fleet. The ship was commissioned in Baltimore on 15 October 2016. Her home port is San Diego, California. In late 2024, the AGS was removed and partially replaced with the IRCPS weapon system.

Advanced Gun System
The Advanced Gun System (AGS) is a naval artillery system developed and produced by BAE Systems Armaments & Services for the Zumwalt-class destroyer of the United States Navy. Designated the 155 mm/62 (6.1-inch) Mark 51 Advanced Gun System (AGS), it was designed to provide long-range naval gunfire support against shore-based targets. A total of six of the systems were installed, two on each of the three Zumwalt-class ships. The Navy has no plans for additional Zumwalt-class ships, and no plans to deploy AGS on any other ship. AGS can only use ammunition designed specifically for the system. Only one ammunition type was designed, and the Navy halted its procurement in November 2016 due to cost ($800,000 to $1,000,000 per round), so the AGS has no ammunition and cannot be used. The Navy planned to remove the AGS from the ships starting in 2023.
German submarine U-612
German submarine U-612 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was ordered on 15 August 1940 and laid down at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, on 21 April 1941. She was launched on 9 January 1942 and commissioned 5 March 1942
Oberleutnant zur See Paul Siegmann was her first commanding officer. He was joined in May 1942 by Herbert Werner, author of the book Iron Coffins, as First Officer.

While still on trials in the Baltic U-612 was sunk in collision with U-444 on 6 August 1942. She was later salvaged and served as a training boat until the end of the war, when she was scuttled on 1 May 1945.

Herbert Werner
Herbert A. Werner (13 May 1920 – 6 April 2013) was a German submarine officer and captain during World War II. He served in five U-boats and survived the sinking of U-612 in the Baltic and the loss of U-415 in Brest harbour. Werner moved to the United States in 1957 and became an American citizen.
Jim Butterfield
Frank James Butterfield (14 February 1936 – 29 June 2007), was a Canadian computer programmer, author, and television personality known for his work with early microcomputers. He is particularly noted for associations with Commodore Business Machines and the Toronto PET Users Group, for many books and articles on machine language programming, and for educational videos and TV programs.

Toronto PET Users Group
The Toronto PET Users Group is one of the world's oldest extant computer user groups, and was among the very largest.  The non-profit group is based in Toronto but has an international membership. It supports nearly all Commodore computers, including the PET, VIC-20, C64, C128, Plus/4, C16, C65, and Amiga, including the COMAL, CP/M and GEOS environments.  TPUG is noted for its ties with Commodore Canada, its extensive and widely distributed software library, and its association with prominent computing pioneers such as Jim Butterfield, Brad Templeton, Karl Hildon, and Steve Punter.
Butetown History and Arts Centre
Butetown History & Arts Centre (BHAC) was a historical archive, educational centre and art gallery located in the Butetown area of Cardiff, Wales. BHAC was founded by Glenn Jordan as a non-profiting organisation with the aim to involve the local people of Butetown to help promote the area's history of the docklands.

Butetown
Butetown (or The Docks, Welsh: Tre-biwt) is a district and community in the south of the city of Cardiff, the capital of Wales. It was originally a model housing estate built in the early 19th century by the 2nd Marquess of Bute, for whose title the area was named.

Commonly known as "Tiger Bay", this area became one of the UK's first multicultural communities with people from over 50 countries settled here by the outbreak of the First World War, working in the docks and allied industries. Some of the largest communities included the Somalis, Yemenis and Greeks, whose influence still lives on today. A Greek Orthodox church still stands at the top of Bute Street.

It is known as one of the "five towns of Cardiff", the others being Crockherbtown, Grangetown, Newtown and Temperance Town.

The population of the ward and community taken at the 2011 census was 10,125. It is estimated that the Butetown's population increased to 14,094 by 2019.
Sabir Mateen
Sabir Mateen (born April 16, 1951) is an American musician and composer from Philadelphia. His musical style is primarily avant-garde jazz.  He plays tenor and alto saxophone, B♭ and alto clarinet, and flute.

As a young man, Mateen was originally a percussionist, and he started playing flute as a teenager.  From there he moved to alto and then tenor saxophone.  He started out playing rhythm and blues in the early 1970s which led him to the tenor saxophone chair of the Horace Tapscott Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra.  He has performed or recorded with musicians including Cecil Taylor, Sunny Murray, William Parker, Alan Silva, Butch and Wilber Morris, Raphe Malik, Steve Swell, Roy Campbell, Jr., Matthew Shipp, Marc Edwards, Jemeel Moondoc, William Hooker, Henry Grimes, Rashid Bakr, and Hamid Drake.  He is a member of the band TEST, with Daniel Carter.

Marc Edwards (drummer)
Marc Edwards (born July 23, 1949) is a free jazz drummer who has played and recorded with artists such as Cecil Taylor, Charles Gayle, and David S. Ware. His influences include Charlie Parker and Buddy Rich. He is currently playing with a project with Weasel Walter, and with his own group, Marc Edwards Slipstream Time Travel, an afrofuturistic free jazz ensemble. Many of his solo works have a science fiction theme. He also plays in the band Cellular Chaos, his first foray into rock drumming.