hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic
Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic is a 2001 anti-consumerist book by John de Graaf, environmental scientist David Wann, and economist Thomas H. Naylor. Viewing consumerism (with its accompanying overwork and dissatisfaction) as a deliberately spread disease, the book consists of three parts—symptoms, origins, and treatment. Affluenza is described as "a painful, contagious, socially transmitted condition of overload, debt, anxiety, and waste resulting from the dogged pursuit of more".

The book was considered one of the eight best non-fiction books of the year by Detroit Free Press, and copies were given to every freshman by two universities. The book was highly recommended for academic and public libraries by M. Bay from Indiana University in Library Journal. The Idaho State University has focused its Book Reading Project 2007 on the book.

Affluenza
Affluenza describes the psychological and social effects of affluence. It is a portmanteau of affluence and influenza, and is used most commonly by critics of consumerism. Some psychologists consider it to be a pseudo-scientific term; however, the word continues to be used in scientific literature.
Henschel-Wegmann Train
The Henschel-Wegmann Train was an advanced passenger express train operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in Germany, which ran non-stop express services between Berlin and Dresden (see Berlin–Dresden railway) from June 1936 to August 1939. Both the DRG Class 61 steam locomotive at its head as well as the coaches were streamlined.

Berlin–Dresden railway
The Berlin–Dresden railway is a double track, electrified main line railway in the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony, which was originally built and operated by the Berlin-Dresden Railway Company (Berlin-Dresdener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). It runs from Berlin through the southern Teltow countryside and then between Lower Lusatia and Fläming Heath through Elsterwerda and the Großenhainer Pflege countryside to Dresden.

Upgrades completed in December 2017 enabled maximum speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph). The traditional route through the southern suburbs of Berlin was reopened for long-distance trains in December 2025. Work is under way to allow speeds of 200 km/h (120 mph) on parts of the line.
59th (Warwickshire) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 59th (Warwickshire) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery was an air defence unit of the Territorial Army (TA), part of the British Army, and was raised in Birmingham in 1938 just before the Second World War. It later served as a light anti-aircraft gun unit and continued in the postwar TA.

Birmingham Rifles
The Birmingham Rifles was a volunteer unit of the British Army founded in Birmingham in 1859. As the 5th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, it served as infantry on the Western Front and in Italy during World War I. Its successor units served in air defence during the early part of World War II, and later as anti-tank gunners in the Burma Campaign.
Statue of Juliusz Słowacki
The statue of Juliusz Słowacki (Polish: Pomnik Juliusza Słowackiego is a bronze statue in Warsaw, Poland, placed in front of the Palace of the Minister of Treasury at 3 and 5 Bank Square, within the North Downtown neighbourhood. It is dedicated to Juliusz Słowacki, a 19th-century poet and writer, and a major figure in the Polish Romantic period. The statue was originally designed by Edward Wittig in 1932, with the monument being unveiled on 29 September 2001.

Palace of the Minister of Treasury
The Palace of the Minister of Treasury (Polish: Pałac Ministra Skarbu) is a neoclassical palace in Warsaw, Poland, located at 3 and 5 Bank Square, within the North Downtown neighbourhood. It houses the Masovian Voivodeship Sejmik, and together with nearby Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury, forms the city hall complex and office of the mayor. The building was designed by Antonio Corazzi, and opened in 1830.
James Rhyne Killian
James Rhyne Killian Jr. (July 24, 1904 – January 29, 1988) was the 10th president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from 1948 until 1959. He also held a number of government roles, such as Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board under John F. Kennedy.

President's Intelligence Advisory Board
The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is an advisory body to the Executive Office of the President of the United States. According to its self-description, it "provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities".

The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the president on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
U.S. Route 231 in Indiana
U.S. Route 231 (US 231) is the longest numbered highway in Indiana, covering over 284 miles (457 km). It is a main north–south highway in the western part of the state. The southern terminus of US 231 in Indiana is at the Kentucky state line and the northern terminus is at US 41 just south of St. John. The highway is a mixture of expressway and two-lane roadway. The expressway portions exist mainly in southern Indiana and around the Lafayette-West Lafayette area, with the rest mainly being two lanes.

West Lafayette, Indiana
West Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 44,595 at the 2020 census. West Lafayette sits across the Wabash River from its sister city, Lafayette, and is a college town, home to Purdue University. It is the most densely populated city in Indiana, located 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 113 miles (182 km) southeast of Chicago.
Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 34
Season thirty-four of Dancing with the Stars premiered on ABC and Disney+ on September 16, 2025, and concluded on December 2, 2025. This season, marking the twentieth anniversary of the series, was the third to air live on both networks simultaneously and the first of ABC's unscripted programs to earn an official renewal for their 2025–26 schedule. Alfonso Ribeiro returned to host the season, while former professional dancer and judge Julianne Hough returned as co-host.

Wildlife conservationist Robert Irwin and Witney Carson were crowned the champions, while social media personality Alix Earle and Val Chmerkovskiy finished in second place, Olympic artistic gymnast Jordan Chiles and Ezra Sosa finished third, reality television personality Dylan Efron and Daniella Karagach finished fourth, and actress Elaine Hendrix and Alan Bersten finished fifth. A holiday television special aired following the season finale.

Valentin Chmerkovskiy
Valentin Aleksandrovich "Val" Chmerkovskiy (born March 24, 1986) is a Ukrainian-American professional dancer, best known for his appearances on the U.S. version of Dancing with the Stars, which he has won three times. Chmerkovskiy is a two-time World Latin Dance Champion (Junior and Youth) and a 14-time U.S. National Latin Dance champion.
RTÉ Performing Groups
RTÉ Performing Groups was a performance group, operating over many decades, of five classical ensembles that were part of the Irish broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). All but the string quartet (originally the Vanbrugh Quartet, the ConTempo Quartet from 2013) are based in Dublin (the ConTempo had a Galway base, Vanbrugh were based in Cork). In January 2022, three of the member groups were moved from RTÉ to the aegis of the National Concert Hall by the Irish government. RTÉ continues to host the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.

RTÉ Concert Orchestra
The RTÉ Concert Orchestra is a professional radio orchestra in Ireland and is part of RTÉ, the national broadcaster. Since its formation as the Radio Éireann Light Orchestra in 1948, the RTÉ Concert Orchestra has grown from a small studio-based recording group to become an active 45-strong orchestra performing over eighty concerts annually. It was part of RTÉ Performing Groups until 2022 when the National Symphony Orchestra was moved to the National Concert Hall along with Cór na nÓg. The orchestra performs classical, popular and big band evening and lunchtime concerts, covering a range of music from baroque to contemporary.
Varix VC 50
The VC 50 was an 8-bit home computer produced in Brazil by the company Engetécnica (later called Varix) between 1983 and 1985. It was one of the many clone machines based on the TRS-80 Color Computer introduced during the Brazilian "Market Reserve", like the Codimex CD-6809 or Prológica CP 400 COLOR.

TRS-80 Color Computer
The TRS-80 Color Computer, later marketed as the Tandy Color Computer, is a series of home computers developed and sold by Tandy Corporation. Despite sharing a name with the earlier, Z80-based TRS-80, the Color Computer is a different system and a radical departure in design based on the Motorola 6809E and variants of the Motorola 6847 video display generator.

The Tandy Color Computer line, nicknamed CoCo, started in 1980 with what is now called the Color Computer 1. It was followed by the Color Computer 2 in 1983, then the Color Computer 3 in 1986. All three models maintain a high level of software and hardware compatibility, with few programs written for an older model being unable to run on the newer ones. The Color Computer 3 was discontinued in 1991.

All Color Computer models shipped with Color BASIC, an implementation of Microsoft BASIC, in ROM. Variants of the OS-9 multitasking operating system were available from third parties.
Sepulcidae
Sepulcidae is an extinct family of stem sawflies in the order Hymenoptera. The family is known primarily from late Mesozoic fossils found in 1968 in Transbaikalia. The insects were distant relatives of modern sawflies and are part of the living superfamily Cephoidea.

The genus Sepulca was identified by Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn. It was named by his colleague and a science-fiction author Kirill Eskov after fictional entities called sepulki, found in Stanisław Lem's The Star Diaries and Observation on the Spot. The relation to Lem's sepulki is understandable in both Polish and Russian, but their English translation obscures their association with ancient insects as they are translated as Scrupts in English editions of Lem's novels.

Sepulca
Sepulca is an extinct genus of stem sawflies in the family Sepulcidae.

The genus Sepulca was identified by Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn. It was named by his colleague and a science-fiction author Kirill Eskov after fictional entities called sepulki, found in Stanisław Lem's The Star Diaries and Observation on the Spot. The relation to Lem's sepulki is understandable in both Polish and Russian, but their English translation obscures their association with ancient insects as they are translated as Scrupts in English editions of Lem's novels.

Sepulca includes two species, as well as a number of subspecies.
Rube Ferns
Rube Ferns (born James Ferns; October 30, 1873 – June 11, 1952) was an American boxer of the early 20th century. Nicknamed "The Kansas Rube", he held the World Welterweight Championship in 1900 and 1901.  He was formidable and scrappy with a good punch.

He defeated such men as "Mysterious" Billy Smith, Eddie Connolly, Bobby Dobbs, William "Matty" Matthews, Frank Erne, Owen Zeigler, "Scaldy" Bill Quinn, Harry Pigeon, Frank "Dutch" Neal, Paddy Purtell and Shorty Ahearn. He lost his title to Barbados Joe Walcott in December 1901. He was known as a powerful hitter with an impressive knockout record.

Mysterious Billy Smith
William Amos Smith (May 15, 1871 – October 15, 1937) (Aka "Mysterious Billy" Smith) was a Canadian born two-time world welterweight boxing champion of the world:  first at age 21 in 1892, then again in 1898 at the age of 27.  He became famous world-wide for his boxing success and also became infamous for his associations and involvement with criminal activities in Portland, Oregon, in the early 1900s. He was later described as the "Dirtiest fighter of all Time". Smith died at the age of 66 on October 15, 1937, and was buried at Multnomah Park Cemetery in Portland Oregon.

He was posthumously inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the class of 2009.
Bengkalis Regency
Bengkalis Regency is a regency of Indonesia in Riau Province. The regency was originally established in 1956 and then included most of the northern part of the province, but on 4 October 1999 it was divided up, with most of the territory being split off to form the new Rokan Hilir Regency, Siak Regency and the city of Dumai. On 19 December 2008 a further five districts were removed to create the new Meranti Islands Regency, leaving eight districts (or kecamatan) in the Bengkalis Regency.  These eight districts  has increased since 2010 to eleven by the splitting of existing districts on the Sumatran mainland.

Bengkalis Regency produces natural resources, particularly petroleum, rubber, and coconut. The southern part of this regency contains a large part of the Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve.

Meranti Islands Regency
Meranti Islands (Kepulauan Meranti) is an archipelago, most of which forms a regency (kabupaten) of Riau Province and lies off the eastern coast of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was created on 19 December 2008 by the separating of these large islands from the mainly mainland regency of Bengkalis. The regency comprises the islands of Tebing Tinggi, Rangsang, Padang, and Merbau, together with minor offshore islands, but does not include Bengkalis Island to the north, which is geographically part of the archipelago but remains within Bengkalis Regency. The principal town is Selat Panjang (also written as Selatpanjang) on Tebing Tinggi Island. The regency covers a land area of 3,144.18 km2 and had a population of 176,290 at the 2010 Census and 206,116 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 212,000 (comprising 109,210 males and 102,790 females).
Constituent Cortes of 1820
The Constituent Cortes of 1820, officially the General and Extraordinary Cortes of the Portuguese Nation, also frequently known as the Sovereign Congress or the Cortes Constituintes Vintistas, was the first modern Portuguese parliament. Created after the Liberal Revolution of 1820 to prepare a constitution for Portugal and its overseas territories, it used a different system from the traditional General Cortes for choosing representatives, and the three traditional feudal estates (Clergy, Nobility, and Commoners) no longer sat separately. The Cortes sat between January 24, 1821 and November 4, 1822 at the Necessidades Palace in Lisbon. The work of the Constitutional Cortes culminated in the approval of the Portuguese Constitution of 1822.

Portuguese Constitution of 1822
The Portuguese Constitution of 1822 (formally the Political Constitution of the Portuguese Monarchy) (Portuguese: Constituição Política da Monarquia Portuguesa) approved on 23 September 1822 was the first Portuguese constitution, marking an attempt to end absolutism and introduce a constitutional monarchy. Although it was actually in force only for two brief periods, 1822–23 and 1836–38, it was fundamental to the history of democracy in Portugal. It was replaced by the Constitutional Charter of 1826.
Moyamba
Moyamba is the capital and largest city of Moyamba District, in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. There has been a recorded population of 11,485 in the 2004 census. The city is ethnically diverse, although the Mende people make up the majority. The city is home to the Hatford Secondary School for Girls, which is one of the elite secondary schools in Sierra Leone. The school attract some of the most gifted students from all parts of Sierra Leone, along with students abroad. The school is an all-girls secondary school, and the students are in a boarding home in the school campus. The city has a history of producing some of Sierra Leone's most prominent politicians, including the country's first president, Siaka Stevens.

Mende people
The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%.  The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. The Mende are mostly farmers and hunters. Some of the major cities with significant Mende populations include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, and Moyamba.

Like a majority of African nations, Sierra Leone's political parties are often tied to specific ethnic groups and have been dominated by the Mende, on the one hand, and the Temne and their long-time political allies, the Limba, on the other. The Mende are known to typically support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), while the Temnes and Limbas are associated with the All People's Congress party (APC).
Conrado Estrella III
Conrado Masonsong Estrella III (born September 12, 1960) is a Filipino politician serving as the 15th secretary of agrarian reform since 2022. He previously served as a representative for Abono Partylist from 2013 to 2022 and for Pangasinan's sixth district from 1987 to 1995 and from 2001 to 2010. He was previously one of the deputy speakers of the 18th Congress under the leadership of first of Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano and then Speaker Lord Allan Velasco.

Abono Partylist
Abono (transl. fertilizer) is a political organization in the Philippines which had party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. In the May 14, 2007 election, the party won one seat in the nationwide party-list vote.

As a party-list it intends to represent the agriculture and marginalized sector especially the population of La Union province. The chair and treasurer of Abono is Rosendo O. So.
Ernst Mally
Ernst Mally (/ˈmɑːli/; German: [ˈmali]; 11 October 1879 – 8 March 1944) was an Austrian analytic philosopher, initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory. Mally was one of the founders of deontic logic and is mainly known for his contributions in that field of research. In metaphysics, he is known for introducing a distinction between two kinds of predication, better known as the dual predication approach.

Graz School
The Graz School (German: Grazer Schule), also Meinong's School, of experimental psychology and object theory was headed by Alexius Meinong, who was professor and Chair of Philosophy at the University of Graz where he founded the Graz Psychological Institute (Grazer Psychologische Institut) in 1894. The Graz School's phenomenological psychology and philosophical semantics achieved important advances in philosophy and psychological science.
Angela Bryant
Angela R. Bryant (born December 9, 1951) is an American Democratic politician who currently serves as a member of the North Carolina Post-Release Supervision and Parole Commission (a full-time position). From 2007 through 2018, she served in the North Carolina General Assembly.

Bryant represented the 7th district in the North Carolina House of Representatives starting with her appointment in 2007 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Ed Jones upon his appointment to the state Senate. She was re-elected in 2008, 2010, and 2012. In 2013, she was selected by a committee of local Democrats and then appointed by Governor Pat McCrory (who was required to accept the local committee's selection), to fill the seat of state Sen. Ed Jones, who had died after being re-elected in the 2012 general election. She represented District 4 in the North Carolina Senate (including constituents in Halifax, Nash, Vance, Warren, and Wilson counties).

Edward Jones (North Carolina politician)
Edward Walter "Ed" Jones (March 11, 1950 – December 14, 2012) was a North Carolina Democratic politician who represented the state's 4th Senate district (including Bertie, Chowan, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Northampton, and Perquimans counties) in the North Carolina Senate.

Jones served in the U.S. Army's 82nd Airborne Division and graduated from Western Piedmont Community College with a degree in police science. He served for 30 years as a state trooper with the North Carolina Highway Patrol and after his retirement served as chief of police in Enfield, North Carolina.
Riot Fest
Riot Fest is an annual three-day punk rock music festival held at Douglass Park in Chicago, Illinois. It is known for booking reunions, guest performances, and full album performances. Riot Fest is one of the largest independently owned music festivals in the United States.

Douglass Park
Douglass Park (formerly Douglas Park) is a part of the Chicago Park District  on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois. Established in 1869 and initially named South Park, its 173 acres (0.70 km2) are in the North Lawndale community area with an official address of 1401 S. Sacramento Drive.

Opened in 1871, the park was originally named for  U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas.  In 2020, the park was renamed Douglass (Anna and Frederick) Park, for abolitionist Frederick Douglass and his wife Anna Murray Douglass.

Riot Fest is held annually each summer at Douglass Park, causing controversy among some neighborhood residents.
Ethan Zohn
Ethan Zohn (born November 12, 1973) is an American motivational speaker, former professional soccer player, and reality television series contestant who won Survivor: Africa, the third season of the reality TV series Survivor. He went on to compete in Survivor: All-Stars and Survivor: Winners at War, placing 11th and 18th, respectively.

After winning Survivor: Africa, Zohn co-founded Grassroot Soccer, an adolescent health organization that uses soccer to engage young people around navigating their most pressing health challenges, including HIV/AIDS and mental health. In 2010, he ranked 14th in USL Second Division's Top 15 of the Decade list as one of the most influential players of the United Soccer League Second Division in the previous decade.

Survivor: Africa
Survivor: Africa is the third season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. The season was filmed from July 11, 2001, to August 18, 2001, in Kenya's Shaba National Reserve, and was aired weekly from October 11, 2001, until the live finale on January 10, 2002.  Ethan Zohn was named Sole Survivor over Kim Johnson by a jury vote of 5–2, and won the $1,000,000 grand prize. The season featured a cast of 16 participants split between two tribes, Boran and Samburu. Three of the cast, Zohn, Lex van den Berghe, and Tom Buchanan all returned for future seasons.  The season received more criticism than previous seasons due to the harsh living conditions of the African desert and the small amount of food for participants.

Filming of Survivor: Africa took place from July 11, 2001, to August 18, 2001, in Kenya's Shaba National Reserve. The show was broadcast from October 11, 2001, until January 10, 2002, on CBS.
Wilhelm Trabandt
August Wilhelm Trabandt (21 July 1891 – 19 May 1968) was a high-ranking member of the SS during World War II. During the war, Trabandt commanded the 1st SS Infantry Brigade, 18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel and Kampfgruppe Böhmen-Mähren. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel
The 18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Horst Wessel" (German: 18. SS-Freiwilligen Panzergrenadier-Division "Horst Wessel") was formed in 1944 around a cadre from the 1st SS Infantry Brigade.

It was used for "rear-security" duties until it was sent to the Eastern front, with the exception of one regiment that fought the Slovak National Uprising in August 1944. During this period, the 1st Battalion of the Sturmbrigade Frankreich fought with the division as the 4th Battalion of SS Rgt. 40 commanded by Sturmbannführer Schaeffer in Galicia. The division later fought as a single unit in Hungary and in Czechoslovakia where it was destroyed.

The Division was named after SA member Horst Wessel, known for being the author of the lyrics to the Nazi Party anthem, the Horst-Wessel-Lied, and glorified by the Nazi regime as a martyr of the party's early years.