hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Kestrel for a Knave
A Kestrel for a Knave is a novel by English author Barry Hines, published in 1968. Set in Barnsley England, the book follows Billy Casper, a young working-class boy troubled at home and at school, who finds and trains a kestrel whom he names "Kes".

The book received a wider audience when it was adapted into the film Kes in 1969; Hines wrote the screenplay with director Ken Loach (credited as Kenneth Loach) and producer Tony Garnett. The film adaptation has since become regarded as one of the greatest of British films.

Today, the novel is often used in Key Stage 4 assessment in the United Kingdom, as part of GCSE English courses. The novel's title is taken from a poem found in the Book of Saint Albans. In medieval England, the only bird a knave (male servant, or man of low class) was legally allowed to keep was a kestrel.

Kes (film)
Kes (/kɛs/) is a 1969 British coming-of-age drama film directed by Ken Loach (credited as Kenneth Loach) and produced by Tony Garnett, based on the 1968 novel A Kestrel for a Knave, written by Barry Hines. Kes follows the story of Billy, who comes from a dysfunctional working-class Yorkshire family and is a no-hoper at school, but discovers his own private means of fulfilment when he adopts a fledgling kestrel and proceeds to train it in the art of falconry.

The film has been much praised, especially for the performance of the teenage David Bradley, who had never acted before, in the lead role, and for Loach's compassionate treatment of his working-class subject; it remains a biting indictment of the British educational system of the time as well as of the limited career options then available to lower-class, unskilled workers in regional Britain. It was ranked seventh in the BFI's Top 100 British films. This was Loach's second feature film for cinema release.
Closed-world assumption
The closed-world assumption (CWA), in a formal system of logic used for knowledge representation, is the presumption that a statement that is true is also known to be true. Therefore, by the contrapositive, what is not currently known to be true must be false. The same name also refers to a logical formalization of this assumption by Raymond Reiter. The opposite of the closed-world assumption is the open-world assumption (OWA), stating that lack of knowledge does not imply falsity. Decisions on CWA vs. OWA determine the understanding of the actual semantics of a conceptual expression with the same notations of concepts. A successful formalization of natural language semantics usually cannot avoid an explicit revelation of whether the implicit logical backgrounds are based on CWA or OWA.

Negation as failure is related to the closed-world assumption, as it amounts to believing false every predicate that cannot be proved to be true.

Negation as failure
Negation as failure (NAF, for short) is a non-monotonic inference rule in logic programming, used to derive  (i.e. that  is assumed not to hold) from failure to derive .  Note that  can be different from the statement  of the logical negation of , depending on the completeness of the inference algorithm and thus also on the formal logic system.

Negation as failure has been an important feature of logic programming since the earliest days of both Planner and Prolog. In Prolog, it is usually implemented using Prolog's extralogical constructs.

More generally, this kind of negation is known as weak negation, in contrast with the strong (i.e. explicit, provable) negation.
Helen Crabtree
Helen Crabtree (December 14, 1915 – January 4, 2002) was an American equitation coach in the discipline of saddle seat riding as well as a breeder and trainer of American Saddlebred horses. In 1970, she authored the book Saddle Seat Equitation which remains a primary guide for equitation riders. Crabtree Stables, 
which she ran with her husband Charles and son Redd, produced 75 World Champion American Saddlebred horses and 22 winners of the National Equitation Championships.

Redd Crabtree
Redd Crabtree (1935–2015) was an American Saddlebred horse trainer. Crabtree, the son of notable Saddlebred trainers and saddle seat riding teachers Helen and Charles Crabtree, who owned Crabtree Stables, won three Five-Gaited World's Grand Championships and multiple World's Championships in the World's Championship Horse Show. He was president of the United Professional Horsemens Association, vice president and a director of the American Saddlebred Horse Association and was inducted into three Halls of Fame. Redd Crabtree died on January 19, 2015.
Daniel L. Doctoroff
Daniel Louis Doctoroff (born July 11, 1958) is an American businessman and former government official. From 2015 to 2021, he served as Chief Executive Officer of Sidewalk Labs, a startup company he helped found, focused on technology for city life. Previously, he was the CEO and President of Bloomberg L.P., Deputy Mayor for Economic Development and Rebuilding for New York City under Mike Bloomberg from January 2002 to December 31, 2007, led New York City's bid for the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, and was a managing partner at Oak Hill Capital Partners, a private equity investment firm.

Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is an American privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, and a 12% ownership investment by Merrill Lynch.

Bloomberg L.P. provides financial software tools and enterprise applications such as analytics and an equity trading platform, data services, and news to financial companies and organizations through the Bloomberg Terminal (via its Bloomberg Professional Service), its core revenue-generating product. Bloomberg L.P. also includes a news agency (Bloomberg News), a global television network (Bloomberg Television), websites, radio stations (Bloomberg Radio), subscription-only newsletters, and two magazines: Bloomberg Businessweek and Bloomberg Markets.

As of 2019, the company has 176 locations and nearly 20,000 employees.
Greg Marshall (defensive lineman)
Gregory Edward Marshall (born September 9, 1956) is an American professional football coach and former player. He played professionally for the Baltimore Colts and the Ottawa Rough Riders for nine years where he was named the league's Most Outstanding Defensive Player in 1983. He has also served as the head coach for the Saskatchewan Roughriders (CFL) and the Toronto Varsity Blues (U Sports).

Toronto Varsity Blues football
The Toronto Varsity Blues football team represents the University of Toronto in the sport of Canadian football in U Sports. Dating back to 1877, the Toronto Varsity Blues football program initially competed for the Canadian Dominion Football Championship and won six national titles, including the first Grey Cup game ever held in 1909, as well as winning in 1895, 1905, 1910, 1911, and 1920. After intercollegiate teams no longer competed for the Dominion Championship, the team won the first Vanier Cup ever held in 1965, and then again in 1993 as Canadian national football champions.

The team has 25 Yates Cup championship wins as champions of the Ontario University Athletics conference of the U Sports, a total second only to the Western Mustangs.

One former Toronto Varsity Blues team member participated in the NFL draft; Dan Feraday (Cincinnati Bengals, 1982).
North Carolina State Fair
The North Carolina State Fair is a U.S. state fair and agricultural exposition held annually in Raleigh, North Carolina. Founded in 1853, the fair is organized by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. It attracts around a million visitors over eleven days in mid-October.

The fair consists of carnival rides, agricultural exhibitions and competitions, food, music, demonstrations, and garden and craft displays. The North Carolina State Fair is one of the largest and oldest state fairs in the United States.

North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
The North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) is a state agency of North Carolina headed by the Commissioner of Agriculture. It is headquartered in the Agriculture Building in Raleigh.
Gödel Lecture
The Gödel Lecture is an honor in mathematical logic given by the Association for Symbolic Logic, associated with an annual lecture at the association's general meeting. The award is named after Kurt Gödel and has been given annually since 1990.

Association for Symbolic Logic
The Association for Symbolic Logic (ASL) is an international organization of specialists in mathematical logic and philosophical logic. The ASL was founded in 1936, and its first president was Curt John Ducasse. The current president of the ASL is Natasha Dobrinen.
Australian plate
The Australian plate is or was a major tectonic plate in the Eastern Hemisphere and, largely, Southern Hemisphere. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, Australia remained connected to India and Antarctica until approximately 100 million years ago when India broke away and began moving north. Australia and Antarctica had begun rifting by 96 million years ago and completely separated a while after this, some believing as recently as 45 million years ago, but most accepting presently that this had occurred by 60 million years ago.

The Australian plate later fused with the adjacent Indian plate beneath the Indian Ocean to form a single Indo-Australian plate. However, recent studies suggest that the two plates may have once again split apart and have been separate plates for at least 3 million years. The Australian plate includes the continent of Australia, including Tasmania, as well as portions of New Guinea, New Zealand and the Indian Ocean basin.

Capricorn plate
The Capricorn plate is a proposed minor tectonic plate lying beneath the Indian Ocean basin in the Southern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere.

The original theory of plate tectonics, as accepted by the scientific community in the 1960s, assumed fully rigid plates and relatively narrow, distinct plate boundaries. However, research in the late 20th and early 21st centuries suggests that certain plate junctions are diffuse across several dozen or even hundreds of kilometres.

The Capricorn plate is a relatively rigid piece of oceanic crust along the far western edge of the former Indo-Australian plate. The Capricorn plate was once joined with the Indian plate and the Australian plate to form the Indo-Australian plate, but recent studies suggest that the Capricorn plate began separating from the Indian and Australian plates between 18 million years ago and 8 million years ago along a wide, diffuse boundary.
Savoia-Marchetti SM.82
The Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 Marsupiale is an Italian bomber and transport aircraft of World War II. It was a cantilever, mid-wing monoplane trimotor with a retractable, tailwheel undercarriage. There were 875 (plus one prototype) built, the first entering service in 1940. Although able to operate as a bomber with a maximum bombload of up to 8,818 lb (4000 kg), the SM.82 saw very limited use in this role. The SM.82 was the foreign aircraft used in largest number by the Luftwaffe, which operated several hundreds of this aircraft, as a transport.
Post-war about 30 SM.82s continued in service with the Aeronautica Militare Italiana, many remaining in service until the early 1960s.

Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Marsupiale
The Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Marsupiale (Italian: marsupial) was an Italian passenger and military transport aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s. It was a low-wing, trimotor monoplane of mixed metal and wood construction with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage. It was the last of a line of transport aeroplanes that Alessandro Marchetti began designing in the early 1930s. The SM.75 was fast, robust, capable of long-range flight and could carry up to 24 passengers for 1,000 miles.
Munishkanth
Ramdoss, better known as Munishkanth, is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Tamil language films. His notable performances include Mundasupatti (2014), Maanagaram (2017), Maragadha Naanayam (2017) and Raatchasan (2018).

Ratsasan
Ratsasan (transl. Monster) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language psychological slasher film written and directed by Ram Kumar. The film stars Vishnu Vishal, Amala Paul, and Saravanan, while  Kaali Venkat, Munishkanth, Vinodhini Vaidyanathan, and Abhirami play supporting roles. The film features music and a background score composed by Ghibran, cinematography by P. V. Shankar, and editing by San Lokesh. It tells the story of an aspiring film director who becomes a police officer after his father's death and tries to track down a serial killer.

The film was released on 5 October 2018 to critical acclaim. It was remade in Telugu as Rakshasudu and in Hindi as Cuttputlli.
Illinois Route 33
Illinois Route 33 (IL 33) is a multidirectional highway in southeastern Illinois, with its western terminus at Illinois Route 128 on the Fayette–Effingham county line near Beecher City and its southern terminus at U.S. Route 50 east of Lawrenceville. It also overlaps Illinois Route 32 from Shumway to Effingham. The east–west portion of the highway is roughly 75 miles (121 km) long, and the north–south portion is about 22 miles (35 km) in length. This makes for a total distance of 97.17 miles (156.38 km).

U.S. Route 50 in Illinois
U.S. Route 50 (US 50) in the state of Illinois is an east–west highway across the southern portion of the state. It runs from the Jefferson Barracks Bridge, over the Mississippi River, to Missouri east, to the Red Skelton Memorial Bridge, over the Wabash River and to Indiana. This is a distance of 165.79 miles (266.81 km).
Diageo
Diageo plc is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company headquartered in London, England. It operates from 132 sites in nearly 180 countries. With brands such as Guinness, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff, it is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits, with distilleries producing 40% of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands. Diageo is a publicly traded company listed on both the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, and the New York Stock Exchange as American depositary receipts.

Smirnoff
Smirnoff (/ˈsmɪərnɒf/; Russian: [smʲɪrˈnof]) is a brand of vodka owned and produced by the British company Diageo. The Smirnoff brand began with a vodka distillery founded in Moscow by Pyotr Arsenievich Smirnov (1831–1898), but its modern incarnation traces back to the 1930s, by American liquor distributor Heublein. Distributed in 130 countries, it is manufactured in different countries depending on market, but is not currently produced in Russia or anywhere in Eastern Europe.

Smirnoff products include vodka, flavoured vodka, and malt beverages. In 2014, Smirnoff was the best selling vodka around the world.

The vodka is unaged, made using a traditional filtration method developed by P. A. Smirnov. Recipe No. 21 was created by Smirnov's son Vladimir after escaping Russia during the October Revolution.
Blockout
Blockout is a puzzle video game published in 1989 by California Dreams. It was developed in Poland by Aleksander Ustaszewski and Mirosław Zabłocki. American Technos published an arcade version. Blockout is a 3D version of the Tetris concept.

Technōs Japan
Technōs Japan Corp. was a Japanese video game developer based in Tokyo. It was best known for the Double Dragon and Kunio-kun franchises (the latter including Renegade, Super Dodge Ball and River City Ransom) as well as The Combatribes and Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer. As of June 2015, Arc System Works owns the intellectual properties of the company.
Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks
Let's All Sing with the Chipmunks is the debut album of Alvin and the Chipmunks. It is a children's novelty album. The songs on the record are a mixture between cover versions of children's songs in the public domain and customized original musical material. It contains the A-sides of the Chipmunks' first three singles: "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)", "Alvin's Harmonica" and "Ragtime Cowboy Joe". The artist credit on the original release was listed as Ross Bagdasarian (changed to "Alvin, Simon and Theodore with David Seville" on the revised 1961 cover).

Ross Bagdasarian
Ross S. Bagdasarian (/bæɡdəˈsɛəriən/; January 27, 1919 – January 16, 1972), also known by his stage name David Seville, was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor best known for creating the cartoon band Alvin and the Chipmunks. Initially a stage and film actor, he rose to prominence in 1958 with the songs "Witch Doctor" and "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)", which both became Billboard number-one singles. He produced and directed The Alvin Show, which aired on CBS in 1961–62.
$pacely
Elorm Kabu Amenyah (born 1 August 1992) professionally known as $pacely (pronounced Spacely) is a Ghanaian rapper and singer. He is a member of trap music collective La Meme Gang. He has collaborated with Kwesi Arthur, Nxwrth, RJZ, Pappy Kojo, Kiddblack, KwakuBS, Kofi Mole and Darkovibes. He released his debut EP Fine$$e or Be Fine$$ed in 2019, which features songs like "Somimu" and "Uber" featuring Cina Soul and Joey B. respectively.

Darkovibes
Paul Nii Amu Andrew Darko (born 1995)  known as Darkovibes, is a Ghanaian born singer songwriter. His music categorizes as experimental music where he blends highlife, hip hop and rap. Darkovibes is known for his 2016 single "Mercy".
Clarry McNeil
Clarence Alexander McNeil (6 August 1912 – 7 September 2001) was a rugby league player who represented New Zealand at rugby league in three matches on their 1938 tour of Australia, becoming the 262nd player to represent New Zealand. He also played one match for Auckland, one for the North Island, and two for Wellington. McNeil played his club rugby league for the Mt Albert club in Auckland (34 games), and the St. George (14 games) and Randwick (7 games) clubs in Wellington.

Wally Tittleton
Wally Tittleton was a rugby league player who began his career playing in the Waikato of New Zealand. He represented South Auckland (Waikato) and made the New Zealand team before moving to Auckland in 1936 and joining the Richmond Rovers club. Prior to that he had played for the Ngāruawāhia and Taupiri clubs in the Waikato. While in Auckland he made the Auckland team and played for them 7 times. He also played for Auckland Pākehā, and the North Island on several occasions. In total Tittleton played for New Zealand 15 times and when he debuted in 1935 he became Kiwi No. 241. In 1942 he joined the Motor Transport Pool rugby union team which won the Gallaher Shield before rejoining the rugby league code in 1943.
Reedsburg Dam
The Reedsburg Dam is a non-hydroelectric barrage dam crossing the Muskegon River in eastern Missaukee County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  Located in rural Enterprise Township, the dam was constructed in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps to alleviate flooding from Houghton Lake, which is the source of the Muskegon River approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) upstream.

The resulting reservoir is known as the Dead Stream Flooding, and the area is incorporated into the Dead Stream Flooding State Wildlife Management Area, which extends east into neighboring Roscommon County.  The Reedsburg Dam is the smallest and newest of the four remaining dams along the Muskegon River, which includes the Croton Dam, Hardy Dam, and Rogers Dam much further downstream.

Muskegon River
The Muskegon River (/məˈskiːɡən/ mə-SKEE-gən) is a 216-mile-long (348 km) river in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. From its source at Houghton Lake in Roscommon County, the river flows in a generally southwesterly direction to its mouth at Lake Michigan at the eponymous city of Muskegon. The river drains an area of 2,350 square miles (6,100 km2), and collects a number of tributaries, including the Little Muskegon River, Hersey River, and Clam River.

In September 2002, an article in National Geographic raised concerns about a controversial deal made with Nestlé Waters North America, giving them permission "to bottle up to 210 million gallons (about 800 million liters) a year from an aquifer north of Grand Rapids, Michigan that recharges the Muskegon River".
VCTC Intercity
VCTC Intercity (formerly known as Ventura Intercity Service Transit Authority or VISTA) is a public transit agency providing bus service in Ventura County, California. It provides an intercity bus service between the cities of Ventura, Oxnard, Camarillo, Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, Santa Paula, and Fillmore in Ventura County, and to communities in neighboring Los Angeles and Santa Barbara counties. The agency is part of the Ventura County Transportation Commission, a governmental body that oversees transportation planning and funding in Ventura County. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 402,500, or about 1,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2024.

Fillmore, California
Fillmore is a small city in Ventura County, California, United States, in the Santa Clara River Valley. In an agricultural area with rich, fertile soil, Fillmore has a historic downtown that was established when the Southern Pacific built the railroad through the valley in 1887. The rail line also provided a name for the town: J. A. Fillmore was a general superintendent for the company's Pacific system. The population was 16,419 at the 2020 census, up 9.4% from 15,002 during the 2010 census.
Kimba, South Australia
Kimba is a rural service town on the Eyre Highway at the top of Eyre Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia. There is an 8-metre (26 ft) tall statue of a galah beside the highway, marking halfway between the east and west coasts of Australia. The Gawler Ranges are north of the highway near the town.

Kimba is located in the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Giles and the local government area of the District Council of Kimba.

The word "kimba" is derived from the local Aboriginal word for "bushfire", and the District Council of Kimba's emblem reflects this in the form of a burning bush. The town was built on Barngarla lands.

Gawler Ranges
The Gawler Ranges are a range of stoney hills in South Australia to the north of the Eyre Peninsula. The Eyre Highway skirts the south of the ranges. The Gawler Ranges National Park is in the ranges north of Kimba and Wudinna. The ranges are covered by the Gawler Ranges Native Title Claim.
Busby (military headdress)
Busby is the English name for the Hungarian prémes csákó ('fur shako') or kucsma, a military head-dress made of fur, originally worn by Hungarian hussars. In its original Hungarian form the busby was a cylindrical fur cap, having a bag of coloured cloth hanging from the top. This bag could be filled with sand and the end attached to the right shoulder as a defence against sabre cuts.

Shako
A shako (/ˈʃækoʊ/, /ˈʃeɪkoʊ/, or /ˈʃɑːkoʊ/) is a tall, cylindrical military cap, usually with a visor, and sometimes tapered at the top. It is usually adorned with an ornamental plate or badge on the front, metallic or otherwise; and often has a feather, hackle, or pompom attached at the top.

Extensively used as an item of military headgear during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the shako now survives as part of some ceremonial uniforms.