hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
End Conscription Campaign
The End Conscription Campaign was an anti-apartheid organisation allied to the United Democratic Front and composed of conscientious objectors and their supporters in South Africa.  It was formed in 1983 to oppose the conscription of all white South African men into military service in the South African Defence Force.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Madeline Yale Wynne
Madeline Yale Wynne (September 25, 1847 − January 4, 1918) was an American artist, teacher, writer, and philanthropist. She became the first President of Deerfield Society of Arts and Crafts, and a founding member of the Chicago Arts and Crafts Society. She was also a member of the Social Register of Chicago.

Linus Yale Jr.
Linus Yale Jr. (April 4, 1821 – December 25, 1868) was an American businessman, inventor, mechanical engineer, and metalsmith. He was a co-founder with millionaire Henry R. Towne of the Yale Lock Company, which became the premier manufacturer of locks in the United States. He was the country's leading expert on bank locks and its most important maker. By the early 20th century, about three-quarters of all banks in America used his bank locks. He is best remembered for his inventions of locks, especially the cylinder lock, and his basic lock design is still widely distributed today, and constitutes a majority of personal locks and safes.
Abram S. Piatt
Abram (or Abraham) Sanders Piatt (May 2, 1821 – March 23, 1908) was a wealthy farmer, publisher, poet, politician, and soldier from southern Ohio who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He organized the only zouave regiment from Ohio and later led a brigade in the Army of the Potomac. In 1864, he and his brother constructed the Piatt Castles, two sprawling chateaux near West Liberty, Ohio, that are still used today for weddings, meetings, retreats, and other social gatherings.

Piatt Castles
The Piatt Castles are two historic houses near West Liberty in Logan County, Ohio. The houses were built by brothers Donn and Abram S. Piatt in the 1860s and 1870s, designed in a Gothic style. The houses are located 1 mi (1.6 km) and 1.75 mi (2.82 km) east of West Liberty. In 1982, the castles were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The houses were both operated as historic house museums, both still owned by the Piatt family, from 1912 to 2019. Mac-O-Chee, built by Donn Piatt, was sold in October of that year to local residents, to support the continued restoration of the Mac-A-Cheek estate. Mac-A-Cheek remains open to public tours.
Pratigha
Pratigha (Sanskrit; Pali: paṭigha; Tibetan Wylie: khong khro) is a Buddhist term that is translated as "anger". It is defined as a hostile attitude towards sentient beings, towards frustration, and towards that which gives rise to one's frustrations; it functions as a basis for faultfinding, for negative actions, and for not finding a moment of peace or happiness.

Pratigha is identified as:

One of the six root unwholesome mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition

One of the ten fetters in the Theravada tradition (according to the Dhammasangani)

Mental factors
Mental factors (Sanskrit: चैतसिक, romanized: caitasika or chitta samskara चित्त संस्कार; Pali: cetasika; Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང sems byung), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object, and that have the ability to color the mind. Within the Abhidhamma, the mental factors are categorized as formations (Sanskrit: samskara) concurrent with mind (Sanskrit: citta). Alternate translations for mental factors include "mental states", "mental events", and "concomitants of consciousness".
AC Carpi
A.C. Carpi is an Italian professional football club based in Carpi, a city in the province of Modena. The club was founded in 1909, re-founded in 2000 and 2022.

Carpi's colours are white and red, hence the nickname "Biancorossi". At the end of the 2012–13 season, Carpi won their first promotion to Serie B. On 28 April 2015, the Biancorossi won their first promotion to Serie A, but were relegated back to Serie B after only one season.
The Golden Era ended in 2019, with the relegation back in Serie C after five seasons in Serie B and one season in Serie A.

The Biancorossi have won a handful of league titles, including: the old Lega Pro Seconda Divisione; Serie B once; Serie C once; and Serie D four times. At the regional level, Carpi has won Promozione, Prima Divisione, and two Prima Categoria titles.

2015–16 Serie A
The 2015–16 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 114th season of top-tier Italian football, the 84th in a round-robin tournament, and the 6th since its organization under a league committee separate from Serie B. Juventus were the defending champions. The campaign began on 22 August 2015 and ended on 15 May 2016.

On 25 April 2016, Juventus succeeded in defending their title for the fifth consecutive season, after second placed Napoli lost to Roma, giving Juventus a 12-point lead with only three games left.
Yara Yavelberg
Yara Yavelberg (São Paulo, May 7, 1944 – Salvador, August 20, 1971) was a Marxist activist and a member of the armed resistance against Brazilian military dictatorship. A psychologist and professor, she joined the fight against the military regime, first as a member of the Marxist Revolutionary Organization Workers' Politics (Polop) and later the Revolutionary Movement of October 8 (MR-8). She became the partner of former army captain Carlos Lamarca, one of the key leaders of the armed opposition to Brazil's military government, until her death during a security forces raid in Salvador, Bahia, in August 1971. Her case was one of those investigated by the Truth Commission, which examined deaths and disappearances during Brazil's military dictatorship.

Carlos Lamarca
Carlos Lamarca (Portuguese: [ˈkaʁluz lɐ̃ˈmaʁkɐ, laˈmaʁkɐ]; October 27, 1937 – September 17, 1971) was a Brazilian Army Captain who deserted to join the armed struggle against the Brazilian military dictatorship. He was part of the Popular Revolutionary Vanguard (Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária – VPR) and became, along with Carlos Marighella, one of the leaders of the armed struggle. Such groups were armed chiefly for self-protection from the right-wing dictatorship that unleashed state terrorism against any who opposed their regime, including students, the clergy, and the children of those who called for democracy. The kidnappings by a few armed groups were conducted to free comrades suffering extremely brutal torture in Brazil's prisons.
Fota Island
Fota (statutory spelling Foaty; Irish: Fóite) is an island in Cork Harbour, County Cork, Ireland, just north of the larger island of Great Island. It is the home of Fota Wildlife Park—the only such zoo or animal park (besides Dublin Zoo) in the country—, the historical Fota House and Gardens, and the Fota Island Golf Club and Resort. The island comprises two townlands, both called Foaty; one is located in the civil parish of Clonmel (the western half of Great Island) and the other in Carrigtohill civil parish (on the mainland).

Carrigtwohill
Carrigtwohill, officially Carrigtohill /ˌkærɪɡˈtuːhɪl/ (Irish: Carraig Thuathail, meaning 'Tuathal's rock'), is a town in County Cork, Ireland with a population of 5,568 (2022). It is 12 kilometres east of Cork city centre. It is connected to Cork Suburban Rail and is bypassed by the N25 road. Carrigtwohill is one of the fastest-growing towns in the region, and a hub for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The town is in the civil parish of Carrigtohill. Carrigtwohill is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.
Songimvelo Game Reserve
Songimvelo Game Reserve is a provincial park managed by the Mpumalanga Parks Board in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Songimvelo is a plural word that means 'we are conserving nature' in the siSwati language.

This park forms part of the Songimvelo-Malolotja Transfrontier Conservation Area, a peace park on the border between South Africa and Eswatini. The park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018 as the landscape represents one of the best-preserved successions of volcanic and sedimentary rock, dating back 3.6 to 3.25 billion years. The park is also home to some of the world's oldest rock art.

Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency
The Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency (MTPA) Board (formerly Mpumalanga Parks Board) is a governmental organisation responsible for maintaining wilderness areas and public nature reserves in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.
Bourne Braves
The Bourne Braves are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Bourne, Massachusetts. The team is a member of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL) and plays in the league's West Division. The Braves play their home games at Doran Park on the campus of Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical School in Bourne. The Braves are owned and operated by the non-profit Bourne Athletic Association.

Bourne won its fifth overall CCBL championship of the modern era by defeating the Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox to win the 2025 finals series. Teams from Bourne/Sagamore have claimed ten championship titles since the league's beginnings, and over 100 players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball.

Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical School
Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical School (also known as Upper Cape Tech, UCT, or simply Upper Cape) is a public vocational-technical high school located in Bourne, Massachusetts, United States. Opened in 1966, it served over 830 students in 15 vocational areas of study in the 2024-2025 school year. The school is approved by the Massachusetts Department of Education to offer Chapter  around 15 technical programs.

As a regional school, Upper Cape Cod Tech functions as its own district and serves students from five nearby communities, all of which are located in the Upper Cape region of Cape Cod. Upper Cape Tech serves students from the towns of Bourne, Falmouth, Sandwich, Wareham, and Marion.

Upper Cape Tech also hosts Doran Park, home field of the Cape Cod Baseball League's Bourne Braves.
Francisco Sánchez (American politician)
Francisco María Sánchez (April 11, 1805 – September 8, 1862) was a Californio politician, military officer, and ranchero who served as 8th Alcalde of San Francisco and Commandant of the Presidio of San Francisco.

Sánchez was the grantee of the 8,926-acre Rancho San Pedro and built the Sánchez Adobe in Pacifica. He was brother to José de la Cruz Sánchez, who served as 11th Alcalde of San Francisco.

Sánchez Adobe Park
The Sánchez Adobe Park, home to the Sánchez Adobe, is located in Pacifica, California, at 1000 Linda Mar Boulevard, on the north bank of San Pedro Creek, approximately 0.91 miles (1,470 m) from the Pacific Ocean in Linda Mar Valley. The 5.46-acre (2.21 ha) county park, established in 1947 contains the Sanchez Adobe Historical site, designated a National Register Historical District in 1976 and is California registered landmark 391.
Chandrayaan-4
Chandrayaan-4 (pronunciationⓘ; from Sanskrit: Chandra, "Moon" and yāna, "craat, vehicle") is an upcoming lunar sample return mission of ISRO underdevelopment now and the fourth iteration in its Chandrayaan programme. As of January 2025, the conceptualisation phase has been completed, and the design phase is nearing completion. The mission is expected to launch around 2028. It is planned to return up to 3 kg (6.6 lb) of lunar regolith.

Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
The Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) (also called Chandrayaan-5) is a planned joint lunar mission by ISRO and JAXA. The mission would send an uncrewed lunar lander and rover to explore the south pole region of the Moon no earlier than 2028. It is envisaged to explore the permanently shadowed regions and to determine the quantity and quality of water on the Moon. JAXA will provide the H3 launch vehicle, 350 kg lunar rover along with instruments and ISRO will provide the lander and few rover instruments.

LUPEX will follow the planned lunar sample-return mission Chandrayaan-4.
Megalorchestia
Megalorchestia is a genus of sand-hoppers in the family Talitridae. The genus was erected by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt in 1851 and the type species is Megalorchestia californiana.

Megalorchestia californiana
Megalorchestia californiana is a species of sand-hopper in the family Talitridae. It was first described in 1851 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt and is the type species of the genus Megalorchestia. It is commonly known as the long-horned beach hopper or the California beach flea.
2024 Dally M Awards
The 2024 Dally M Awards was presented on 2 October 2024. They are the official annual awards of the National Rugby League and are named after Dally Messenger.

The voting process remained unchanged from the previous season; two judges each award six points per regular season match, split between three players with the best player receiving three points. The maximum votes a player could receive per match is six. Players given a one-game suspension received a six-point deduction, while players suspended for two or more games remained ineligible to receive any awards.

Dally M Awards
The Dally M Awards are the official annual player awards for the National Rugby League competition. As well as honouring the player of the year, who received the Dally M Medal, awards are also given to the premier player in each position, the best coach, the best captain, representative player of the year and the most outstanding rookie of the season. The awards are named in honour of Australian former rugby league great Herbert Henry "Dally" Messenger.
Bellator (fish)
Bellator is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, one of two genera belonging to the subfamily Prionotinae, the sea robins. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean, in the waters off both North and South America.

Prionotinae
Prionotinae is a subfamily of demersal, marine ray-finned fishes, part of the family Triglidae. The fishes in this subfamily are called sea robins and are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans, the other two Triglid subfamilies are called gurnards.
Toyota Yaris Cross
The Toyota Yaris Cross (Japanese: トヨタ・ヤリスクロス, Hepburn: Toyota Yarisu Kurosu) is a nameplate used by the Japanese automaker Toyota for two vehicles in the subcompact crossover SUV category (B-segment). The nameplate first appeared for the crossover SUV counterpart of the XP210 model Yaris based on the Toyota New Global Architecture, which went on sale in August 2020 in Japan and in 2021 in Europe with the model code XP210.

In May 2023, Toyota released another vehicle with the same name in Indonesia, which is larger and based on the Daihatsu New Global Architecture, with the model code AC200. This version is available in most of Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and other emerging markets in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Daihatsu New Global Architecture
The Daihatsu New Global Architecture (abbreviated as DNGA) is a modular unibody automobile platform that underpin various Daihatsu vehicles and its rebadged versions supplied for Toyota, Subaru, and Perodua. Introduced in 2019, it is aimed for vehicles built for the Japanese market and overseas emerging markets. Daihatsu has planned to introduce the platform to 21 models and 15 body types with a targeted annual production of 2.5 million vehicles to be sold in 90 countries by 2025. Despite the similar naming, it is not mechanically related to the Toyota New Global Architecture.
William R. Schulz
William R. Schulz (born April 4, 1931) is an American businessman who was an independent candidate for Governor of Arizona in the 1986 gubernatorial election, and was the Democratic nominee against Barry Goldwater in the 1980 U.S. Senate election.

1980 United States Senate election in Arizona
The 1980 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Republican Senator Barry Goldwater decided to run for reelection to a fifth term, after returning to the Senate in 1968 following his failed presidential run in 1964 against Lyndon B. Johnson. Despite Republican presidential nominee Ronald Reagan's landslide win in Arizona, Goldwater defeated Democratic Party nominee Bill Schulz in the general election by a narrow margin, which later caused Goldwater to decide against running for reelection to a sixth term in 1986. Goldwater won only three counties, including Maricopa County.
Thumbcuffs
Thumbcuffs are a metal restraining device that lock thumbs in proximity to each other.

Thumbcuffs were originally intended for use by detectives, narcotics officers and off-duty policemen, their size allowing them to be carried in the pocket. Most are rigid devices, while some used in Asian countries are chain-linked, like miniature handcuffs.

Thumbcuffs are rarely used due to an increased possibility of injury, most commonly by tight cuffs blocking blood circulation. Their trade is illegal in the European Union. Handcuffs are usually used instead.

Thumbcuffs may also be used as improvised toecuffs by locking the big toes in proximity to each other.

Thumbcuffs with double locks have a lockspring which, when engaged, usually using the top of the key, stops the thumbcuff from ratcheting tighter and prevents the subject from tightening them, possibly causing injury. Double locks also make picking the locks more difficult.

Handcuffs
Handcuffs are restraint devices designed to secure an individual's wrists in proximity to each other. They comprise two parts, linked together by a chain, a hinge, or rigid bar. Each cuff has a rotating arm which engages with a ratchet that prevents it from being opened once closed around a person's wrist. Without a key, handcuffs cannot be removed without specialist knowledge, and a handcuffed person cannot move their wrists more than a few centimetres or inches apart, making many tasks difficult or impossible.

Handcuffs are frequently used by law enforcement agencies worldwide to prevent suspected criminals from escaping from police custody.
Saint Stephen (Ghiberti)
Saint Stephen is a 2.6 m high bronze statue of saint Stephen by Lorenzo Ghiberti, completed for the Arte della Lana guild in 1427–28. It is now in the Museo di Orsanmichele, although a replica fills its original niche on the exterior of Orsanmichele, where it was one of a cycle of fourteen sculptures, each showing the patron saint of one of the guilds of Florence.

Orsanmichele
Orsanmichele, Or San Michele or Orsammichele (pronounced [orsammiˈkɛːle]; from the Tuscan contraction of Orto di San Michele, "orchard" or "kitchen garden of Saint Michael") is a communal building and church in the Italian city of Florence. Its uniqueness as an architectural construction lies not only in its multifunctionality as grain market, granary and oratory. The tabernacle by Orcagna, called the high point of Italian Gothic sculpture, and the sculptural program running around all four façades, depicting the patron saints of the major Florentine guilds, are extraordinary. It encompasses several firsts in marble and bronze, and lasting masterpieces of the Early Renaissance by Lorenzo Ghiberti, Donatello and Nanni di Banco.
Herbert Musgrave Phipson
Herbert Musgrave Phipson (c. 1850 – 7 August 1936), was a British wine merchant and naturalist who lived in Bombay (now Mumbai), India, from 1878 to 1905.  As the honorary secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society, editor of its Journal, and manager of the Society's business and outreach activities, he played an important role in establishing the journal's reputation as the foremost natural history journal in Asia; he also influenced public science policy in the Bombay Presidency. His efforts saw fruition in the establishment of the Natural Sciences section of the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India.  Phipson, who was married to the pioneering physician Edith Pechey-Phipson, co-founded, with his wife, the Pechey Phipson Sanitarium for Women and Children in Nasik, India.

Edith Pechey
Mary Edith Pechey (7 October 1845 – 14 April 1908) was one of the first women medical doctors in the United Kingdom and a campaigner for women's rights. She spent more than 20 years in India as a senior doctor at a women's hospital and was involved in a range of social causes.
Kidbrooke
Kidbrooke is an area of south-east London, England, in the Royal Borough of Greenwich 7+1⁄2 miles (12 km) south-east of Charing Cross and north west of Eltham.

The district takes its name from the Kyd Brook, a watercourse which runs from Orpington to Lewisham, by which point it is part of the River Quaggy. It is a tributary to the River Ravensbourne.

Lewisham
Lewisham (/ˈluːɪʃəm/ ⓘ LOO-ish-əm) is an area of southeast London, England, six miles (ten kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It is the principal area of the London Borough of Lewisham, and was within the historic county of Kent until 1889. It is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London, with a large shopping centre and street market. Lewisham had a population of 60,573 in 2011.
Langevin dynamics
In physics, Langevin dynamics is an approach to the mathematical modeling of the dynamics of molecular systems using the Langevin equation. It was originally developed by French physicist Paul Langevin. The approach is characterized by the use of simplified models while accounting for omitted degrees of freedom by the use of stochastic differential equations. Langevin dynamics simulations are a kind of Monte Carlo simulation.

Langevin equation
In physics, a Langevin equation (named after Paul Langevin) is a stochastic differential equation describing how a system evolves when subjected to a combination of deterministic and fluctuating ("random") forces. The dependent variables in a Langevin equation typically are collective (macroscopic) variables changing only slowly in comparison to the other (microscopic) variables of the system. The fast (microscopic) variables are responsible for the stochastic nature of the Langevin equation.  One application is to Brownian motion, which models the fluctuating motion of a small particle in a fluid.
Nicolas Lazarévitch
Nicolas Lazarévitch (17 August 1895 – 24 December 1975) was a Belgian-born French electrician, a building worker, a proof-reader and, most consistently, a libertarian-anarchist writer and activist.   He was born and grew up in Belgium, the child of Russian exiles.

Ida Mett
Ida Mett (1901–1973) was a Belarusian anarcho-syndicalist, physician and writer. Following her experiences in the Russian Revolution, she fled into exile in France, where she collaborated with other exiled revolutionary anarchists on the Delo Truda magazine and the constitution of platformism. She then went on to participate in the anarcho-syndicalist movements in Belgium, Spain and France, before repression by the fascist Vichy regime forced her to cease her activities. She spent the final decades of her life working as a nurse and publishing history books.