hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saltdal Municipality
Saltdal (Northern Sami: Sálát) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rognan. Other villages in Saltdal include Røkland, Lønsdal, Langset, and Saksenvika.

The 2,216-square-kilometre (856 sq mi) municipality is the 26th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Saltdal Municipality is the 186th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,880. The municipality's population density is 2.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.7/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.1% over the previous 10-year period.

Lønsdal
Lønsdal (Norwegian) or Luonosvágge (Lule Sami) is a village in Saltdal Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located in the Lønsdal valley, along the Lønselva river. The European route E06 highway and the Nordland Line railway both pass through the village. The village also has a train station on the Nordland Line, about halfway between Dunderland Station and Røkland Station.

The village lies just east of the lake Kjemåvatnet and the mountain Ørfjellet. Due to its proximity to Junkerdal National Park and Saltfjellet–Svartisen National Park, it is mostly a tourist village. There is a hotel and it is a starting point for many hiking tours.
South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.

Adra railway division
Adra railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 14 April 1961 and its headquarter is located at Adra town in Purulia district of West Bengal. The Divisional Railway Managers building was established in the year of 1913 which has completed its 100 years in 2013. It was earlier the headquarter of Adra district in BNR.

Kharagpur railway division, Chakradharpur railway division and Ranchi railway division are the other three railway divisions under SER Zone headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata.
1991–92 European Cup second round
The 1991–92 European Cup second round was the second stage of the 1991–92 European Cup competition, and featured the 16 teams that advanced from the first round. It began on 23 October with the first legs and ended on 6 November 1991 with the second legs. The eight winners advanced to the group stage.

Times are CET (UTC+1), as listed by UEFA.

1991–92 European Cup first round
The 1991–92 European Cup first round was the first stage of the 1991–92 European Cup competition, and featured 32 teams entering the competition. It began on 17 September with the first legs and ended on 2 October 1991 with the second legs. The 16 winners advanced to the second round.

Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA.
Line 7 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 7 is a northwest–southeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. It connects the Baoshan District of Shanghai with the downtown core as well as the Pudong New Area and the Expo 2010 site. It currently runs from Meilan Lake in Baoshan District to Huamu Road in Pudong, which is near Shanghai New International Expo Center. Qihua Road serves as a terminus for trains returning to Chentai Road Depot. The line is colored orange on system maps.

Qihua Road station
Qihua Road (Chinese: 祁华路; pinyin: Qíhuá Lù) is a metro station in Baoshan District, Shanghai. It is on Line 7.

Due to station complexities, the station is the last to open on the line; it began operation on 22 July 2014, more than 4 years after the line initially opened.
Inkigayo
Inkigayo (Korean: 인기가요; English title: The Music Trend, previously Popular Song) is a South Korean music program broadcast by SBS. It airs live every Sunday. The show features some of the latest and most popular artists who perform on stage. It is broadcast from the SBS Open Hall in Deungchon-dong, Gangseo District, Seoul.

Music programs of South Korea
Music programs of South Korea are broadcast weekly, with different artists performing on the shows to promote their music.

South Korea's largest broadcasting companies each have their own show, which are broadcast on different channels. SBS has Inkigayo, KBS has Music Bank, MBC has Show! Music Core, Mnet has M Countdown and MBC M has Show Champion.
Pilar Manalo Danao
Pilar Manalo Danao (March 10, 1914 – November 26, 1987) also known as Ka Pilar, Manang and PMD, was the eldest daughter of Felix Y. Manalo and the first Head Choir Director of the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) from 1942 until her death in 1987. She was instrumental in the creation of hymns for INC; she is the sole lyricist of the church’s Tagalog hymnal, Ang Himnario ng Iglesia ni Cristo. The hymnal originally contained 220 songs, and its first publication in 1937 bears her name and initials imprinted on hymnals (in Tagalog and English) and musical scores (Tagalog) for the choir.

Upon her death, Fausto Perez succeeded her as the Head Choir Director while Liberty Manalo-Albert took charge as the Coordinator of the choir to Executive Minister Eraño G. Manalo. Ramon C. Reyes and Gemma Manalo-de Guzman, daughter of current Executive Minister Eduardo V. Manalo, are the most recent to posts vacated by Perez (after his death) and Albert.

Eraño Manalo
Eraño de Guzman Manalo (Tagalog pronunciation: [ʔɛˈɾaɲo mɐˈnalɔ]; January 2, 1925 – August 31, 2009), also known as Ka Erdy, was the second Executive Minister of the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC), serving from April 19, 1963, until August 31, 2009. He took over the administration of the church after the death of his father, Felix Y. Manalo, in 1963. He was instrumental in the propagation and expansion of the church internationally.
Victorian architecture
Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century. Victorian refers to the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901), called the Victorian era, during which period the styles known as Victorian were used in construction. However, many elements of what is typically termed "Victorian" architecture did not become popular until later in Victoria's reign, roughly from 1850 and later. The styles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals of historic styles (see historicism). The name represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch. Within this naming and classification scheme, it followed Georgian architecture and later Regency architecture and was succeeded by Edwardian architecture.

Although Victoria did not reign over the United States, the term is often used for American styles and buildings from the same period, as well as those from the British Empire.

Edwardian architecture
Edwardian architecture usually refers to a Neo-Baroque architectural style that was popular for public buildings in the British Empire during the Edwardian era (1901–1910). Architecture up to 1914 is commonly included in this style.

It can also be used to mean various styles in middle-class housing, including relaxed versions of Arts and Crafts architecture.
Rank in judo
In judo, improvement and understanding of the art is denoted by a system of rankings split into kyū and dan grades. These are indicated with various systems of coloured belts, with the black belt indicating a practitioner who has attained a certain level of competence.

Kyū
Kyū (Japanese: 級, [kʲɯː]) is a Japanese term used in modern martial arts as well as in tea ceremony, flower arranging, Go, shogi, academic tests and other similar activities to designate various grades, levels or degrees of proficiency or experience. In Mandarin Chinese, the same character 級 is pronounced jí, and the term is used for academic tests. In Korea, the term geup (급, 級) is used (also transliterated as gup or kup). In Vietnamese martial arts, it is known as cấp (khớp).
Hoppang
Hoppang (Korean: 호빵; lit. hot bread) is a warm snack that is sold throughout South Korea. It is a convenience food version of jjinppang (steamed bread) and is typically filled with smooth, sweetened red bean paste.

Jjinppang
Jjinppang (찐빵; lit. "steamed bread") is a steamed bun, typically filled with red bean paste with bits of broken beans and bean husk. Traditional jjinppang is made of sourdough fermented using the yeast in makgeolli (rice wine), but younger varieties such as hoppang are often made without fermentation. Warm jjinppang is softer than baked breads due to the higher moisture content, but it hardens as it cools. Thus it is recommended to eat while the bun is still hot. Hardened jjinppang can be steamed again before being eaten.

Jjinppang is a specialty product of Anheung Township in Hoengseong County, Gangwon Province. In the township, there is Anheung Jjinppang Village with 17 steameries that make Anheung-jjinppang (안흥찐빵). Since 1999, the township also hosts Anheung Jjinppang Festival in every October.
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3. This alkali metal nitrate salt is also known as Chile saltpeter (large deposits of which were historically mined in Chile) to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate. The mineral form is also known as nitratine, nitratite or soda niter.

Sodium nitrate is a white deliquescent solid very soluble in water. It is a readily available source of the nitrate anion (NO3−), which is useful in several reactions carried out on industrial scales for the production of fertilizers, pyrotechnics, smoke bombs and other explosives, glass and pottery enamels, food preservatives (esp. meats), and solid rocket propellant. It has been mined extensively for these purposes.

Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula KNO3. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K+ and nitrate anions NO−3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the United States). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpetre (or saltpeter in American English).

Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the major constituents of traditional gunpowder (black powder). In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and myoglobin generating a red color.
HP 9000
HP 9000 is a line of workstation and server computer systems produced by the Hewlett-Packard (HP) Company. The native operating system for almost all HP 9000 systems is HP-UX, which is based on UNIX System V.

The HP 9000 brand was introduced in 1984 to encompass several extant technical workstation models launched formerly in the early 1980s. Most of these were based on the Motorola 68000 series, but there were also entries based on HP's own FOCUS designs. From the mid-1980s, the line was transitioned to HP's new PA-RISC architecture. Finally, in the 2000s, systems using the IA-64 were added.

The HP 9000 server line was discontinued in 2003, being superseded by Itanium-based Integrity Servers running HP-UX. The HP 9000 workstation line was discontinued in 2009, being superseded by HP Z. Support for HP-UX on HP 9000 systems ended in March 2021.

HPE Integrity Servers
HPE Integrity Servers is a series of server computers produced from 2003 onwards by Hewlett Packard Enterprise (formerly Hewlett-Packard), and based on the Itanium processor. The Integrity brand name was inherited by HP from Tandem Computers via Compaq.

In 2015, HP released the Superdome X line of Integrity Servers based on the x86 Architecture. It is a 'small' Box holding up to 8 dual Socket Blades and supporting up to 16 processors/240 cores (when populated with Intel Xeon E7-2890 or E7-2880 Processors).

HPE discontinued support for the final Integrity server models at the end of 2025, along with the associated HP-UX operating system.
Motorola Rokr E1
The Motorola ROKR E1 (also marketed as the MotoRokr E1) is a candy-bar style cell phone by Motorola, announced on September 7, 2005. The phone was conceived in a collaboration between Motorola and Apple; the ROKR E1 was integrated and compatible with iTunes, for which it gained the nickname iTunes Phone. The phone features stereo speakers and an iTunes client music player built by Apple with an interface similar to that of the iPod.

The Rokr E1 had been widely expected and rumored prior to its official launch, however it received a cold reception and is considered to have been a failure. This has been attributed to its cosmetic design, outdated hardware, and a 100-song limit. Despite this, Motorola made and released a successor without Apple's involvement, Motorola Rokr E2, while Apple eventually released its own iTunes-compatible cell phone, iPhone.

Motorola Rokr E2
The Motorola Rokr E2 (stylized Motorola ROKR E2), also marketed as MotoRokr E2, is a cell phone developed by Motorola, introduced at the Consumer Electronic Show of January 2006. The first public release occurred on June 22, 2006, in China. It is a new design and effectively succeeded the Motorola Rokr E1, not featuring iTunes compatibility, instead the Rokr E2 runs a Linux feature phone operating system.

It has several enhancements over the much criticised Rokr E1, such as the addition of music controls (on the left hand side of the device), high speed USB 2.0 for faster syncing, and no forced limit to the number of song tracks. In addition, it has a built in 3.5 mm headphone jack (without requiring an adapter), adds the A2DP Bluetooth profile for use with wireless headphones, and improved display and camera. The Motorola Rokr E2 also added a stereo FM radio.
Ihsahn
Vegard Sverre Tveitan (born 10 October 1975), better known by his stage name Ihsahn (/ˈiʃɑːn/ ee-SHAHN), is a Norwegian musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and composer who is best known for his work with the black metal band Emperor. Tveitan is also a founding member of Thou Shalt Suffer, where he played guitar and keyboard in addition to vocal duties, and Peccatum, a project in collaboration with his wife and fellow musician Heidi Solberg Tveitan, also known as Starofash. Since 2006, Tveitan has primarily devoted himself to solo albums and occasional guest appearances.

Beyond the characteristics typically associated with metal music, Tveitan's musical style also includes classical, industrial, and progressive elements. He is a progenitor of the symphonic black metal genre.

Peccatum
Peccatum was an avant-garde metal band from Norway. Their influences range from black metal, progressive metal, industrial music, symphonic metal and gothic metal to European classical music and contemporary music.
Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin
Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin (also known as Slinky Dog Spin) is a Caterpillar-style ride at Walt Disney Studios Park in France, Hong Kong Disneyland, and Shanghai Disneyland Park. The ride is part of Toy Story Playland in France, and Toy Story Land in Hong Kong and Shanghai. The France ride opened on August 17, 2010; the Hong Kong installation opened on November 17, 2011; and the Shanghai ride opened on April 26, 2018. The ride and its queue are themed to an authentic "Collector's Edition" Slinky Dog, complete with original 1950s cardboard box.

Toy Story Land
Toy Story Land (known as Toy Story Playland at Walt Disney Studios Park) is a themed land at Walt Disney Studios Park, Hong Kong Disneyland, Shanghai Disneyland, and Disney's Hollywood Studios. The area is based on the Disney·Pixar film series Toy Story.

Toy Story Land in France originally opened as part of Toon Studio on August 17, 2010, at a cost of 79 million euros. Toy Story Land in Hong Kong opened on November 17, 2011. Toy Story Land in Shanghai opened on April 26, 2018. Toy Story Land at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida was announced on August 15, 2015, at the D23 Expo, and opened on June 30, 2018.
Bocking, Essex
Bocking is a suburban village on the northern side of Braintree, in Essex, England.

Bocking village was historically in two parts; the original settlement around the parish church became known as Bocking Churchstreet,  while a separate linear settlement called Bocking grew up a little way to the south along Bradford Street and The Causeway, adjoining the northern edge of Braintree. The parish of Bocking was abolished in 1934, merging with Braintree to become the urban district of Braintree and Bocking, which was in turn abolished in 1974 to become part of Braintree District. Both parts of Bocking now form part of the Braintree built up area.

Bocking forms an electoral division for Essex County Council elections, and gives its name to Bocking Blackwater, Bocking North and Bocking South wards of Braintree District Council.

Braintree District
Braintree District is a local government district in Essex, England. The district is named after the town of Braintree, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Halstead and Witham and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Colchester, Maldon, Chelmsford, Uttlesford, South Cambridgeshire, West Suffolk, and Babergh.
Cutch Agency
The Cutch Agency  was one of the agencies of British India. The appointed Political Agent looked after only one territory, that of the princely state of Cutch, which had a surface of 19,725 square kilometres (7,616 sq mi), not including the Rann of Kutch.

The agency's headquarters were at Bhuj, where the Political Agent used to reside. He reported to the Political Department office at Bombay, Bombay Presidency.

Cutch State
Cutch State, also spelled Kutch or Kachchh and also historically known as the Kingdom of Kutch, was a kingdom in the Kutch region from 1147 to 1819 and a princely state under British rule from 1819 to 1947. Its territories covered the present day Kutch region of Gujarat north of the Gulf of Kutch. Bordered by Sindh in the north, Cutch State was one of the few princely states with a coastline.

The state had an area of 7,616 square miles (19,725 km2) and a population estimated at 488,022 in 1901. During the British Raj, the state was part of the Cutch Agency and later the Western India States Agency within the Bombay Presidency.
The rulers maintained an army of 354 cavalry, 1,412 infantry and 164 guns.
Albanian American Organization Chameria
Note: This page is about the organization established in the United States, for the other Cham Albanian association, with center in Albania, see National Political Association "Çamëria"

Albanian American Organization Chameria (A.A.O.C) (Albanian: Organizata Shqiptaro-Amerikane Çamëria) is a Non Governmental Organization, based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, which works and conducts research for the rights of and the issues of Cham Albanians who are American citizens.

National Political Association "Çamëria"
The National Political Association "Çamëria" (in Albanian: Shoqëria Politike Atdhetare "Çamëria"), a pressure group advocating the return of the Chams to Greece, receipt of compensation and greater freedom for the Orthodox Chams in Greece, was founded on 10 January 1991.

This association holds a number of activities every year, with the help of the Party for Justice and Integration, as well as other organizations. Every year, on 27 June, is organized in Konispol the Cham March, remembering the expulsions of Cham Albanians.
Volume overload
Volume overload refers to the state of one of the chambers of the heart in which too large a volume of blood exists within it for it to function efficiently. Ventricular volume overload is approximately equivalent to an excessively high preload. It is a cause of cardiac failure.

Preload (cardiology)
In cardiac physiology, preload is the amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells, called cardiomyocytes, at the end of ventricular filling during diastole. Preload is directly related to ventricular filling. As the relaxed ventricle fills during diastole, the walls are stretched and the length of sarcomeres increases. Sarcomere length can be approximated by the volume of the ventricle because each shape has a conserved surface-area-to-volume ratio. This is useful clinically because measuring the sarcomere length is destructive to heart tissue. It requires cutting out a piece of cardiac muscle to look at the sarcomeres under a microscope. It is currently not possible to directly measure preload in the beating heart of a living animal. Preload is estimated from end-diastolic ventricular pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Millvale, Pennsylvania
Millvale is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Allegheny River, opposite Pittsburgh. The borough is located off Pennsylvania Route 28. The population was 3,376 at the 2020 census.

Current estimates place the 2024 population at around 3,247 residents.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Arbitrarily primed PCR
Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) is a DNA fingerprinting technique developed in 1990 by John Welsh and Michael McClelland. The method amplifies multiple anonymous loci using a single short primer of arbitrary sequence under low-stringency conditions. Amplified fragments are typically separated by  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and visualized with radiolabeling to produce characteristic multilocus banding patterns. AP-PCR does not require prior sequence information and was among the first PCR–based genome scanning approaches developed for rapid DNA profiling (see arbitrarily amplified DNA).

Arbitrarily amplified DNA
Arbitrarily amplified DNA (AAD) refers to a family of DNA profiling methods that amplify template nucleic acids with arbitrary oligonucleotide primers using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). AAD includes the first methodologies introduced in the very early 1990s within a span of only few months: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), and DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). These techniques were initially used for genetic typing, strain discrimination, genome mapping, phylogenetic analysis, and population analysis, in that sequence, and their subsequent use over the following decades continue to influence many areas of research. Several variants were introduced in the first years after their development (see early listings), one of which–amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)–became widely adopted.