hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle
Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle (22 January 1819 – 31 October 1897) was an Italian writer and art critic, best known as part of "Crowe and Cavalcaselle", for the many works in English on art history he co-authored with Joseph Archer Crowe.  Their multi-volume A New History of Painting in Italy continued to be revised and republished until 1909, after both were dead. Though now outdated, these are still often cited by modern art historians.

Joseph Archer Crowe
Sir Joseph Archer Crowe KCMG (25 October 1825, London – 6 September 1896, Gamburg an der Tauber, today Werbach, Germany) was an English journalist,  consular official and art historian, whose volumes of the History of Painting in Italy, co-written with the Italian critic Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle (1819–1897), stand at the beginning of disciplined modern art history writing in English, being based on chronologies of individual artists' development and the connoisseurship of identifying artist's individual manners or "hands".

Their multi-volume A New History of Painting in Italy continued to be revised and republished until 1909, after both were dead. Though now outdated, these are still often cited by modern art historians.
Northern Stars
Northern Stars are a New Zealand netball team based in South Auckland. Since 2017 they have competed in the ANZ Premiership. The team was named after the Matariki star cluster which is also featured on the team's logo. They were grand finalists in 2019 and 2021.

ANZ Premiership
The ANZ Premiership is the top level netball league featuring teams from New Zealand. In 2017 it replaced the ANZ Championship, which also included teams from Australia, as the top level netball league in New Zealand. It is organised by Netball New Zealand. Its main sponsor is ANZ. In 2017, Southern Steel were the inaugural ANZ Premiership winners. Central Pulse and Northern Mystics are the league's most successful teams, both having won three premierships.
Trapped surface
Closed trapped surfaces are a concept used in black hole solutions of general relativity which describe the inner region of an event horizon. Roger Penrose defined the notion of closed trapped surfaces in 1965. A trapped surface is one where light is not moving away from the black hole. The boundary of the union of all trapped surfaces around a black hole is called an apparent horizon.

A related term trapped null surface is often used interchangeably. However, when discussing causal horizons, trapped null surfaces are defined as only null vector fields giving rise to null surfaces. But marginally trapped surfaces may be spacelike, timelike or null.

Apparent horizon
In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards and those directed outward but moving inward.

Apparent horizons are not invariant properties of spacetime, and in particular, they are distinct from event horizons. Within an apparent horizon, light does not move outward; this is in contrast with the event horizon. In a dynamical spacetime, there can be outgoing light rays exterior to an apparent horizon (but still interior to the event horizon). An apparent horizon is a local notion of the boundary of a black hole, whereas an event horizon is a global notion.

The notion of a horizon in general relativity is subtle and depends on fine distinctions.
Charlie Nguyễn
Charlie Nguyen, Vietnamese name is Nguyen Chanh Truc (born September 25, 1968), is Vietnamese–American film director, screenwriter and producer.

He is the older brother of actor Johnny Tri Nguyen, he and Johnny with comedian Van Son are nephews of actor Nguyen Chanh Tin.

Johnny Trí Nguyễn
Johnny Trí Nguyễn (Vietnamese name Nguyễn Chánh Minh Trí, born January 16, 1974) is a Vietnamese–American martial artist, actor, action choreographer and stuntman who is mainly active in the Vietnamese film industry.
Kananga
Kananga, formerly known as Luluabourg or Luluaburg, is the capital city of the Kasai-Central Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was the capital of the former Kasaï-Occidental Province. It is the fourth most populous urban area in the country, with an estimated population of 1,524,000 in 2021.

The city lies near the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River and the Ilebo-Lubumbashi railway.  An important commercial and administrative centre, it is home to a museum and to Kananga Airport.

Kasaï-Central
Kasaï-Central is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning.  Kasaï-Central and Kasaï provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Kasaï-Occidental province.  Kasaï-Central was formed from the Lulua district and the independently administered city of Kananga which retained its status as a provincial capital. The 2024 population was estimated to be 4,211,190.

The new province's territory corresponds to the historic Luluabourg Province which existed in the early period after independence between 1963 and 1966.

Within this province, there are 5 territories which are named:

Demba

Dibaya

Dimbelenge

Kazumba

Luiza
Vanessa Corish
Vanessa Corish is an Australian-born singer-songwriter and record producer. She has written songs for artists including Olivia Newton-John, Tina Arena, Wynonna Judd, Human Nature, Donny Osmond and Troy Cassar-Daley. Some of Corish’s most notable works include the US Country #1 "Now That I Found You", recorded by Terri Clark,. and "Dare to Dream", performed by Olivia Newton-John and John Farnham at the opening ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, broadcast to an estimated global audience of 4.5 billion viewers.

Now That I Found You (Terri Clark song)
"Now That I Found You" is a song written by Paul Begaud, Vanessa Corish and J.D. Martin, and recorded by Canadian country music artist Terri Clark. It was released in April 1998 as the first single from her album How I Feel. On July 17, 1998, the song reached number 1 on the US Radio & Records chart, number 2 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart in July 1998 and number 2 on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.
Wrexham Police Station (1973–2020)
The Wrexham Police Station (Welsh: Gorsaf Heddlu Wrecsam) was a police station housed in a tall brutalist building, located on Bodhyfryd in Wrexham, Wales. Constructed in 1973 and demolished in 2020, the tower was the tallest building in Wrexham, overtaking St Giles' Church. The building served as a North Wales Police divisional headquarters and Wrexham's police station.

Concerns over maintenance costs and the overall state of the building were raised in 2011. North Wales Police vacated the building in 2019. It was rejected for listed status by Cadw and in November 2020 was demolished in a controlled explosion, amid a national lockdown. Police officers relocated to Llay HQ and to a smaller station near the Wrexham Library. A Lidl supermarket has been built on the site.

Wrexham Library
Wrexham Library (Welsh: Llyfrgell Wrecsam) is the main public library of Wrexham, Wales. Located in the city centre, adjacent to Llwyn Isaf, it opened in 1972, superseding the old carnegie library on Queen's Square.

It is the most visited library in North Wales, receiving 100,000 in-person and digital visitors annually.
Gingerbread
Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods, typically flavored with ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon and sweetened with honey, sugar, or molasses. Gingerbread foods vary, ranging from a moist loaf cake to forms nearly as crisp as a ginger snap.

Lebkuchen
Lebkuchen (German: [ˈleːpˌkuːxnˌ] ⓘ), Honigkuchen (German: [ˈhoːnɪçˌkuːxn̩] ⓘ, 'honey cakes') or Pfefferkuchen (German: [ˈpfɛfɐˌkuːxn̩] ⓘ, 'pepper cakes') are honey-sweetened German cakes, moulded cookies or bar cookies that have become part of Germany's Christmas traditions. They are similar to gingerbread.
Mychal Thompson
Mychal George Thompson (born January 30, 1955) is a Bahamian sports commentator and former professional basketball player. He was the first player born & raised in the Bahamas to make the NBA. The top overall pick in the 1978 NBA draft, Thompson played the center position for the University of Minnesota and center and power forward for the National Basketball Association's Portland Trail Blazers, San Antonio Spurs, and Los Angeles Lakers. Thompson won two NBA championships with the Lakers during their Showtime era in the 1980s. He is the father of basketball players Klay Thompson and Mychel Thompson and baseball player Trayce Thompson.

Trayce Thompson
Trayce Nikolas Thompson (born March 15, 1991) is an American professional baseball outfielder who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers, Oakland Athletics, Chicago Cubs, and San Diego Padres. Thompson also played for the Great Britain National Team in the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

Trayce is the son of former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Mychal Thompson and the younger brother of current NBA player Klay Thompson and former NBA player Mychel Thompson.
Nicholas Greusel
Nicholas Greusel (July 4, 1817 – April 25, 1896) commanded the 36th Illinois Infantry Regiment during the early part of the American Civil War. As a teenager, he emigrated from the Kingdom of Bavaria to the United States. Later moving to Detroit, he was elected to political office for two years. He led a Michigan volunteer company during the Mexican-American War and later moved to Illinois. At the start of the Civil War he joined a three-month Illinois regiment, rising to field officer rank before the state governor appointed him colonel of the 36th Illinois. He led a brigade at the battles of Pea Ridge and Perryville and at the Siege of Corinth. At the Battle of Stones River he assumed command of the brigade when its commander was killed. He resigned because of poor health soon after Stones River and worked for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. He espoused pacifism in his later years.

Battle of Pea Ridge
The Battle of Pea Ridge (March 7–8, 1862), also known as the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern, took place during the American Civil War near Leetown, northeast of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Federal forces, led by Brig. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis, moved south from central Missouri, driving Confederate forces into northwestern Arkansas. Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn had launched a Confederate counteroffensive, hoping to recapture northern Arkansas and Missouri. Confederate forces  met at Bentonville and became the most substantial Rebel force, by way of guns and men, to assemble in the Trans-Mississippi.  Against the odds, Curtis held off the Confederate attack on the first day and drove Van Dorn's force off the battlefield on the second. By defeating the Confederates, the Union forces established Federal control of most of Missouri and northern Arkansas.
Pieter van Avont
Pieter van Avont or Peter van Avont, (1600–1652) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and printmaker known for his religious scenes and cabinet paintings often including nude children and putti. Van Avont was a frequent collaborator with many leading painters in Antwerp.

Jan Brueghel the Younger
Jan Brueghel (also Bruegel or Breughel) the Younger (/ˈbrɔɪɡəl/ BROY-gəl, US also /ˈbruːɡəl/ BROO-gəl; Dutch: [ˈjɑm ˈbrøːɣəl] ⓘ; 13 September 1601 – 1 September 1678) was a Flemish Baroque painter. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Elder, and grandson of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, both prominent painters who contributed respectively to the development of Renaissance and Baroque painting in the Habsburg Netherlands. Taking over his father's workshop at an early age, he largely painted the same subjects as his father in a style which was similar to that of his father. He gradually was able to break away from his father's style by developing a broader, more painterly, and less structured manner of painting. He regularly collaborated with leading Flemish painters of his time.
Oui 3
Oui 3 were an electronic dance music group, best known for their songs "Break from the Old Routine" (which reached number 17 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1993), "The Joy of Living", and their Buffalo Springfield sampled 1993 hit "For What It's Worth" (which reached number 26 in the UK in October 1993).

For What It's Worth
"For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)", often referred to as simply "For What It's Worth", is a song written by Stephen Stills, first recorded by Buffalo Springfield on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records in December 1966; it peaked at no. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the spring of 1967. The song is often associated with the Vietnam War because students, "flower children" and other young people often clashed with police at anti-war protests and other demonstrations during the counterculture era.

It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, Buffalo Springfield. The title was added after the song was written, and does not appear in the lyrics.

In 2004 Rolling Stone magazine ranked the song at number 63 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
Međimurje (region)
Međimurje (pronounced [medʑǐmuːrje]; Hungarian: Muraköz) is a small historical and geographical region in Northern Croatia comprising the area between the two large rivers, Mura and Drava, and roughly corresponding to the administrative division of Međimurje County.

Regions of Croatia
Though the Republic of Croatia administratively consists of twenty counties, it is traditionally divided into four historical and cultural regions: Croatia proper, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia. These are further divided into other, smaller regions.
DeRidder–Fort Johnson South combined statistical area
The DeRidder–Fort Johnson South, LA combined statistical area is made up of two parishes in central Louisiana. The statistical area consists of the Fort Johnson South Micropolitan Statistical Area and the DeRidder Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the CSA had a population of 85,517. The population decreased slightly in 2020 to 85,299.

Vernon Parish, Louisiana
Vernon Parish (French: Paroisse de Vernon) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,750. The parish seat and most populous municipality is Leesville. Bordered on the west by the Sabine River, the parish was founded in 1871 during the Reconstruction era.

It was long a center of the timber industry, which harvested pine in the hills and bottomland hardwoods. Construction of a railway to the area in 1897 stimulated the marketing of lumber and businesses in the area.

Since World War II, Fort Polk,  formerly Fort Johnson, has been most important to the parish economy. The population of the Leesville area rapidly increased fivefold after the fort was opened. Vernon Parish is part of the Fort Polk South, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the DeRidder-Fort Polk South, LA Combined Statistical Area.
Boksitogorsk
Boksitogorsk (Russian: Бокситого́рск) is a town and the administrative center of Boksitogorsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Pyardomlya River in the basin of the Syas River, 245 kilometers (152 mi) east of St. Petersburg. Population: 16,585. (2010 census)

Boksitogorsky District
Boksitogorsky District (Russian: Бокситого́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Tikhvinsky District in the north and west, Babayevsky District of Vologda Oblast in the east, Chagodoshchensky District of Vologda Oblast in the southeast, Khvoyninsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the south, and with Lyubytinsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southwest. The area of the district is 7,200 square kilometers (2,800 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Boksitogorsk. Population (excluding the administrative center): 15,695 (2010 Census); 17,698 (2002 Census); 49,452 (1989 Soviet census).
Paleoarchean
The Paleoarchean (/ˌpeɪlioʊ.ɑːrˈkiːən, ˌpæl-/ PAY-lee-oh-ar-KEE-ən, PAL-), also spelled Palaeoarchaean (formerly known as the early Archean), is a geologic era within the Archean Eon. The name derives from Greek "Palaios" ancient. It spans the period of time 3,600 to 3,200 million years ago. The era is defined chronometrically and is not referenced to a specific level of a rock section on Earth. The earliest confirmed evidence of life comes from this era, and Vaalbara, one of Earth's earliest supercontinents, may have formed during this era.

Vaalbara
Vaalbara is a hypothetical Archean supercontinent consisting of the Kaapvaal craton (in present-day eastern South Africa) and the Pilbara Craton (in present-day north-western Western Australia). E. S. Cheney derived the name from the last four letters of each craton's name. The two cratons consist of continental crust dating from 3.6 to 2.7 Ga; this timing would make Vaalbara one of Earth's earliest supercontinents.
Camp Toccoa
Camp Toccoa (formerly Camp Toombs) was a basic training camp for United States Army paratroopers during World War II, located in northeastern Georgia, five miles (8 km) west-southwest of Toccoa. Among the units to train at the camp was the 506th Infantry Regiment. The regiment's Company E ("Easy Company") was portrayed in the 2001 HBO miniseries Band of Brothers. The camp site's approximate elevation is 1,150 feet (350 m) above sea level.

Toccoa, Georgia
Toccoa is a city in and the county seat of Stephens County, Georgia, United States.  It lies in the state's far northeast near the border with South Carolina, about 50 miles (80 km) from Athens and about 90 miles (140 km) northeast of Atlanta. The population was 9,133 as of the 2020 census.
RCA Studio B
RCA Studio B was a music recording studio in Nashville, Tennessee, established in 1957 by Steve Sholes and Chet Atkins for RCA Victor. Originally known simply as the RCA Victor Studio, in 1965 the studio was designated as Studio B after RCA Victor built the newer, larger Studio A in an adjacent building.

Located centrally in what would become Nashville's Music Row, the RCA Victor Studios were an essential factor to the development of the musical production style and sound engineering technique known as the Nashville Sound. In the two decades the studio was in operation, RCA Studio B produced 60 percent of the Billboard magazine's Country chart hits.

The studio closed in 1977. Since 1992 the studio has been under the ownership of the Country Music Hall of Fame, which offers scheduled tours of the facilities.

Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American country music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections.
K College
K College, also known as South & West Kent College, was an English college of Further Education and Higher Education with facilities across Kent, formed in April 2010, by the merger of South Kent College with West Kent College. In 2014 it was split again, between Hadlow College and East Kent College, with West Kent College being reestablished and the campus in Ashford becoming Ashford College.

The Interim Principal was Phil Frier and the Patron was Lord Mayhew of Twysden.

Hadlow College
Hadlow College is a further and higher education college in Hadlow, Kent, England. The curriculum primarily covers land-based subjects including Agriculture, Horticulture, Conservation and Wildlife Management, Animal Management, Fisheries Management, Equine Studies and Floristry. Additionally, intermediate and advanced apprenticeships are offered in Golf Greenkeeping, Sports Turf, Agriculture, Horticulture and Land-based Engineering.

The college had its origins in 1919 as the Kent Farm Institute. A Kent Horticultural Institute was formed in 1949, and in 1958 the two were merged into the Kent Farm and Horticultural Institute. In 1967, this became the Hadlow College of Agriculture and Horticulture on a new site at Hadlow.
Doctor-X: Surgeon Michiko Daimon
Doctor-X: Surgeon Michiko Daimon (ドクターX〜外科医・大門未知子〜) is a Japanese medical drama that premiered in October 2012 on TV Asahi. It stars Japanese actress Ryōko Yonekura.

The series ran for seven seasons until December 2021, with a total of 69 episodes and one special. It is considered one of the longest-running medical dramas on Japanese television, notable for its consistent high ratings and enduring popularity throughout its broadcast period.

Ryoko Yonekura
Ryoko Yonekura (米倉 涼子, Yonekura Ryōko; born August 1, 1975) is a Japanese actress and former fashion model best known for her role in the Japanese medical drama Doctor-X: Surgeon Michiko Daimon. She also performs the voice of Black Widow in the Japanese-language releases of the Avengers film series.
Gomphomacromiidae
Gomphomacromiidae is a small family of dragonflies within the superfamily Libelluloidea, occurring both in southern South America (Chile) and Australia.

The family comprises two genera, Archaeophya and Gomphomacromia, together containing a small number of species characterised by a combination of morphological traits that historically made their higher-level placement uncertain.

Libelluloidea
Libelluloidea is a superfamily of dragonflies. It contains 13 families:

Aeschnosomatidae Goodman, Abbott, Bybee, Ehlert, Frandsen, Guralnick, Kalkman, Newton, Pinto & Ware, 2025

Austrocorduliidae Bechly, 1996

Corduliidae Selys, 1850

Gomphomacromiidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940

Idionychidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940

Idomacromiidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940

Lauromacromiidae Goodman, Abbott, Bybee, Ehlert, Frandsen, Guralnick, Kalkman, Newton, Pinto & Ware, 2025

Libellulidae Leach, 1815

Macromidiidae Goodman, Abbott, Bybee, Ehlert, Frandsen, Guralnick, Kalkman, Newton, Pinto & Ware, 2025

Macromiidae Needham, 1903

Neophyidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940

Pseudocorduliidae Lohmann, 1996

Synthemistidae Tillyard, 1911
Jijiupian
The Jijiupian is a Chinese character primer that was compiled by the Han dynasty scholar Shi You around 40 BCE. Similar to an abecedarium, it contains a series of orthographic word lists, categorized according to character radical, and briefly explained in rhymed lines. In the Qin and Han dynasties, several similar othographic primers were in circulation, such as Cangjiepian, but the Jijiupian is the only one that survived intact for two millennia.

Cangjiepian
The Cangjiepian, also known as the Three Chapters (三倉, sāncāng), was a c. 220 BCE Chinese primer and a prototype for Chinese dictionaries. Li Si, Chancellor of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), compiled it for the purpose of reforming written Chinese into the new orthographic standard Small Seal Script. Beginning in the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 221 CE), many scholars and lexicographers expanded and annotated the Cangjiepian. By the end of the Tang dynasty (618–907), it had become a lost work, but in 1977, archeologists discovered a cache of (c. 165 BCE) texts written on bamboo strips, including fragments of the Cangjiepian.