hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ixodidae
The Ixodidae are the family of hard ticks or scale ticks, one of the three families of ticks, consisting of 750 species, as of 2025. They are known as 'hard ticks' because they have a scutum or hard shield, which the other major family of ticks, the 'soft ticks' (Argasidae), lack. They are ectoparasites of a wide range of host species, and some are vectors of pathogens that can cause human disease.

Argasidae
The Argasidae are the family of soft ticks, one of the three families of extant ticks. The family contains 220 species, although the composition of the genera is less certain, and more study is needed before the taxonomy is resolved. The Argasidae are very common in South Asia, along with around 100 other species of ticks from other lineages, making South Asia the region with the highest biodiversity of ticks worldwide. Soft ticks are resistant to desiccation and can live for several years in arid conditions.
Hanna Veres
Hanna Ivanivna Veres (Ukrainian: Ганна Іванівна Верес; 21 December 1928 – 11 June 2003) was a Ukrainian folk artist, embroiderer and weaver. She was the daughter of the artist and weaver, Maria Posobchuk, and the mother of artists Valentyna and Olena Veres. She was awarded the Shevchenko National Prize with Anna Vasylashchuk in 1968.

Maria Posobchuk
Maria Markelivna Posobchuk (Ukrainian: Марія Маркелівна Пособчук; 20 January 1890 – 27 March 1992) was a Ukrainian weaver and a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. Her work is considered part of the same canon of Soviet folk art as Maria Prymachenko.
1947 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election
Before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, members of the first term of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan were elected through an indirect election held after June by the votes of the members of the legislative assemblies of Assam, Bengal, and Punjab.  Representatives from Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier, and Sind were taken directly through the earlier 1946 Constituent Assembly elections.

Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was the supreme federal legislature of the Dominion of Pakistan. It was established in August 1947 with the primary tasks of framing a constitution; and serving as an interim parliament. It was officially dissolved on 23 March 1956 and succeeded by the Parliament of Pakistan when the first Pakistani constitution was promulgated.
Gulal
Gulal or abir  is the traditional name given to the coloured powders used for some Hindu rituals, in particular for the Holi festival or Dol Purnima (though commonly associated with the red colour used in the festival). During Holi, which celebrates love and equality, people throw these powder solutions at each other while singing and dancing.

Holi
Holi (IPA: ['hoːli:, hoːɭiː]) is a major Hindu festival celebrated as the Festival of Colours, Love and Spring.
It celebrates the eternal and divine love of the deities Radha and Krishna.
Additionally, the day signifies the triumph of good over evil, as it commemorates the victory of Vishnu as Narasimha over Hiranyakashipu. 
Holi originated and is predominantly celebrated in the Indian subcontinent, but has also spread to other regions of Asia and parts of the Western world through the Indian diaspora.

Holi also celebrates the arrival of spring in India, the end of winter, and the blossoming of love. It is also an invocation for a good spring harvest season. It lasts for a night and a day, starting on the evening of the Purnima (full moon day) falling on the Hindu calendar month of Phalguna, which falls around the middle of March in the Gregorian calendar.
CUHK Faculty of Medicine
The Faculty of Medicine (branded as CU Medicine) is a faculty offering healthcare education at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a public research university. First established in 1981 as Hong Kong's second medical school, the faculty has since expanded to consist of five schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine, biomedical sciences, and public health. The Prince of Wales Hospital is the faculty's teaching facility and base of research.

CU Medicine is one of two currently operational medical schools in Hong Kong, along with the older LKS Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong. They are also the only tertiary institutions which offer pharmacy education in the city. The faculty's medicine programme was ranked top 25 in the world by higher education analyst Quacquarelli Symonds in 2025.

Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Established in 1963 as a federation of three colleges – Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is Hong Kong's second-oldest university, with the first being the University of Hong Kong. Predecessors of the university included St. John's University, Lingnan University and Yenching University, alongside 10 other Christian universities in China.

The university is organised into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties, and remains the only collegiate university in Hong Kong. The university operates in both English and Chinese.

Four Nobel laureates are associated with the university, and it is the only tertiary institution in Hong Kong with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal, and Veblen Prize sitting as faculty in residence.
Nepenthes × truncalata
Nepenthes × truncalata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌtrʌŋkəˈlɑːtə/; a blend of truncata and alata) is a natural hybrid involving N. alata and N. truncata. Like its two parent species, it is endemic to the Philippines, but limited in distribution by the natural range of N. truncata on Mindanao.

Nepenthes truncata
Nepenthes truncata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz trʌŋˈkɑːtə/; from Latin truncatus "terminating abruptly") is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. It is known from the islands of Dinagat, Leyte, and Mindanao. The species grows at an elevation of 0–1,500 m above sea level. Nepenthes truncata is characterised by its heart-shaped (truncate) leaves and very large pitchers, which can reach up to 40 cm in height.

Nepenthes robcantleyi was once considered a dark, highland form of this species.
Turnham Green tube station
Turnham Green (/ˈtɜːrnəm ˈɡriːn/) is a London Underground station in Chiswick of the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It is served by the District and Piccadilly lines in a manner of cross-platform interchange, although Piccadilly line trains normally stop at the station only at the beginning and end of the day, running through non-stop at other times. To the east, District line trains stop at Stamford Brook and Piccadilly line trains stop at Hammersmith. To the west, District line trains run to either Chiswick Park (towards Ealing Broadway) or Gunnersbury (towards Richmond), and Piccadilly line trains stop at Acton Town. The station is in both London fare zone 2 and 3.

The station is located on Turnham Green Terrace (B491) on the eastern edge of Chiswick Common. It is about 200 m (220 yd) north of Chiswick High Road (A315), and as well as Central Chiswick the station serves the Bedford Park area. The actual Turnham Green park is much closer to Chiswick Park station.

Hammersmith tube station (District and Piccadilly lines)
Hammersmith is a London Underground station in Hammersmith, London, England. It is served by the District and Piccadilly lines, providing cross-platform interchange between the lines. On the District line, the station is between Ravenscourt Park and Barons Court stations. On the Piccadilly line, it is between Acton Town (or Turnham Green at the very early morning and late evening hours) and Barons Court stations. The station is in London fare zone 2.

The Circle and Hammersmith & City lines' station of the same name is a separate station to the north-west. The two stations are separated by Hammersmith Broadway.

The lifts at this station, which were replaced towards the end of 2013, provide step-free access between the platforms and the main entrance on Hammersmith Broadway.
New Town, Tasmania
New Town is a suburb of the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, about 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of the central business district of Hobart. It is generally considered Hobart's oldest suburb, settled just a week after Sullivans Cove. It was historically the home of many of Hobart's wealthiest citizens, and New Town features a large number of grand residences, churches, and public buildings. The large farms were broken up following the world wars and it is now an inner city residential suburb. Many of its streets are lined with Federation style cottages. It is surrounded by the suburbs of North Hobart, Mount Stuart, Lenah Valley and Moonah, with the Queens Domain just to the south-east. Most of the locality is within the Hobart local government area, with 2.5% within Glenorchy.

Lenah Valley
Lenah Valley is a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania.  It is situated in the foothills of Mount Wellington, west of the CBD between Mount Stuart, New Town and the City of Glenorchy.

Lenah Valley was originally known as Kangaroo Bottom, later Kangaroo Valley and Sassafras Valley.  The suburb was amalgamated as Lenah Valley in 1922. Lenah is the Muwinina word for kangaroo.
Richmond, New South Wales
Richmond is a historic and country feel town in northwest Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. Richmond is in the local government area of the City of Hawkesbury and is part of the Sydney metropolitan area. It is located 19 metres above sea level on the alluvial Hawkesbury River flats, at the foot of the Blue Mountains. It is about 62 km by road from the Sydney CBD, 22 km from Penrith, 25 km from Blacktown, 39 km from Parramatta, 78 km from Lithgow and 7 km from Windsor. Richmond is now part of the Sydney urban area, with access to various amenities including Supermarkets, Cafe, Railway, Shopping Mall, Schools, TAFE and University.

Windsor, New South Wales
Windsor is a historic town in north-western Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. It is the council seat of the Hawkesbury local government area. The town sits on the Hawkesbury River, enveloped by farmland and Australian bush. Many of the oldest surviving European buildings in Australia are located at Windsor. It is 56 km (35 mi) north-west of the Sydney CBD, on the fringes of urban sprawl.
Jacob Richards (artillery officer)
Jacob Richards (c. 1660–1701) was an Irish officer of the English Army, He is noted for his innovations and influence on the development of British Artillery. Elements of his career are sometimes confused with his identically named father Jacob Richards. His two younger brothers Michael Richards and John Richards were both noted artillery officers.

John Richards (soldier)
John Richards (1669–1709) was an Irish soldier and artillery commander. He served in the Portuguese Army during the War of the Spanish Succession and was killed when a mine was detonated by the enemy while in command of the defence at the Siege of Alicante.
Nikel
Nikel (Russian: Ни́кель, lit. 'nickel'; Skolt Sami: Koolâsjokk, Norwegian: Nikkel, Finnish: Nikkeli, formerly Kolosjoki) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the shores of Lake Kuetsyarvi 196 kilometers (122 mi) northwest of Murmansk and 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from the Norwegian border on E105. Population: 12,756 (2010 Census); 16,534 (2002 Census); 21,838 (1989 Soviet census); 18,000 (1973).

Pechengsky District
Pechengsky District (Russian: Пе́ченгский райо́н; Finnish: Petsamo; Norwegian: Peisen; Northern Sami: Beahcán; Skolt Sami: Peäccam) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Pechengsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the oblast, on the coast of the Barents Sea (by the Rybachy Peninsula, which is a part of the district) and borders Finland in the south and southwest and Norway in the west, northwest, and north. The area of the district is 8,662.22 square kilometers (3,344.50 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Nikel. Its population was  38,920 (2010 census); 46,404 (2002 census); 59,495 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nikel accounts for 32.8% of the district's total population.
Off Road (video game)
Off Road (released in North America as Ford Racing Off Road) is a 2008 racing video game developed by Razorworks and published by Empire Interactive. It is the seventh and final game of the Ford Racing series. It is also the only game in the series to feature vehicles by Land Rover, which was owned by Ford Motor Company at the time. The game was released for the personal computer (PC), PlayStation 2 (PS2), PlayStation Portable (PSP), and the Nintendo Wii. The game received mostly negative reviews.

Ford Racing (series)
Ford Racing is a racing video game series consisting of seven titles released for various platforms, including the PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Microsoft Windows (PC) and Xbox. The games in the Ford Racing series center around racing modern and vintage Ford cars and trucks through specifically designed tracks, while competing against computer-driven (and sometimes player-driven) opponents. The series began with the release of Ford Racing in 2000. The final game, titled Ford Racing Off Road, was released in 2008; the game featured the addition of vehicles from Land Rover, which was owned by Ford at the time. All titles in the series have received mixed reviews.
Utetitan
Utetitan (meaning "Ute giant") is an extinct genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of North America. The genus contains a single species, Utetitan zellaguymondeweyae, known from partial skeletons previously assigned to Alamosaurus. Fossils assigned to this species have been found in the North Horn Formation of Utah, and the Black Peaks and Javelina formations of Texas, United States.

Black Peaks Formation
The Black Peaks Formation is a geological formation in Texas whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Though some of its strata date back to the Paleocene and Eocene. Dinosaur remains (from a titanosaurian sauropod, either Alamosaurus or Utetitan, and a tyrannosaurid) and the pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus northropi are among the fossils reported from the formation. The boundary with the underlying Javelina Formation has been estimated at 66.5 million years old. The formation preserves the rays Rhombodus and Dasyatis, as well as many gar scales. Cenozoic aged fossils unearthed here consist of mammals like multituberculates, barylambdids, and insectivores, as well as alligatorids like Bottosaurus. Turtle fossils have also been unearthed here too.
Malcolm MacLeod (clan chief)
Malcolm MacLeod (Scottish Gaelic: Gille Caluim MacLeòid) (1296–1370) is considered to be the 3rd Chief of Clan MacLeod. He was the son of Tormod. Malcolm and his kinsman Torquil are the first MacLeod chiefs to appear in contemporary records. Clan tradition states he was the greatest hero of the clan and links him to the origin of the clan relic known as Sir Rory Mor's Horn. He is said to have become extremely overweight in his old age and was known as 'Good Fat Malcolm' or 'Malcolm the thick-legged'. According to tradition he was buried at Iona. Malcolm's son, Iain Ciar MacLeod, succeeded him as chief of the clan.

Tormod MacLeod
Tormod MacLeod, sometimes referred to as Norman MacLeod, (Scottish Gaelic: Tormod MacLeòid, and Tormod mac Leòd) (fl. late 13th century) was a west Highland lord, and son of Leod, the traditional founder and eponymous ancestor of Clan MacLeod. Little is known about Tormod; like his father Leod, he does not appear in any contemporary records. His name is remembered today in the Scottish Gaelic name Sìol Thormoid ("seed of Tormod"), used by a branch of his descendants, the MacLeods of Dunvegan, who are chiefs of Clan MacLeod.
Kaltjiti
Kaltjiti (formerly Fregon) is an Aboriginal community in Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY lands) in South Australia, comprising one of the six main communities on "The Lands" (the others being Amata, Pukatja, Pipalyatjara, Indulkana and Mimili).

Mimili, South Australia
Mimili is an Aboriginal community in the  Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia, comprising one of the six main communities on "The Lands" (the others being Amata, Pukatja, Kaltjiti, Indulkana and Pipalyatjara).

After European settlement in the 19th century, there was a cattle station on the land, which was named Everard Park. The station was purchased by the South Australian government in 1972 before transferring it to the traditional owners.
Carterton, New Zealand
Carterton (Māori: Taratahi) is a small town in the Wellington Region of New Zealand and the seat of the Carterton District (a territorial authority or local government district). It lies in a farming area of the Wairarapa in New Zealand's North Island. It is located 14 km (8.7 mi) southwest of Masterton and 80 km (50 mi) northeast of Wellington. The town has a population of 5,930 (June 2025), out of a total district population of 10,300.

Carterton was founded in 1857. Originally known as Three Mile Bush, it served as housing for workers building the road between Wellington and Masterton. It was later renamed after Charles Carter, who was in charge of the building of the Black Bridge over the Waiohine River south of the town. The town describes itself as New Zealand's daffodil capital, holding a Daffodil Festival each year on the second Sunday in September, with the main event taking place at Middle Run along Gladstone Road.

Wairarapa
The Wairarapa (/ˌwaɪrəˈræpə/; Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaiɾaɾapa]) is a geographical region of New Zealand located in the south-eastern corner of the North Island, east of metropolitan Wellington and south-west of the Hawke's Bay Region. It is lightly populated, having several rural service towns, with Masterton being the largest. It is named after its largest lake, Lake Wairarapa.

The region is commonly referred to with a definite article, particularly when used after a preposition (e.g., locals will say they live "in the Wairarapa", and travel "to" and "from the Wairarapa").
EAR (file format)
EAR (Enterprise Archive) is a file format used by Jakarta EE for packaging one or more modules into a single archive so that the deployment of the various modules onto an application server happens simultaneously and coherently. It also contains XML files called deployment descriptors which describe how to deploy the modules.

Ant, Maven, or Gradle can be used to build EAR files.

Deployment descriptor
A deployment descriptor  (DD) refers to a configuration file for an artifact that is deployed to some container/engine.

In the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, a deployment descriptor describes how a component, module or application (such as a web application or enterprise application) should be deployed. It directs a deployment tool to deploy a module or application with specific container options, security settings and describes specific configuration requirements.  XML is used for the syntax of these deployment descriptor files.

For web applications, the deployment descriptor must be called web.xml and must reside in the WEB-INF directory in the web application root. For Java EE applications, the deployment descriptor must be named application.xml and must be placed directly in the META-INF directory at the top level of the application .ear file.
Samakhvalavichy rural council
Samakhvalavichy Selsoviet (Belarusian: Самахвалавіцкі сельсавет; Russian: Самохваловичский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the agrotown of Samakhvalavichy.

It includes the following populated places:

Belitsa (village)

Balitskovshchina (village)

Vasilevshchina (village)

Kurkovichi (village)

Maripol (village)

Rusinovichi (village)

Samokhvalovichi (agrotown)

Samokhvalovichi (village)

Sloboda (village)

Stukatichi (village)

Timoshki (village)

Ugly (village)

Samakhvalavichy
Samakhvalavichy (Belarusian: Самахвалавічы, romanized: Samachvalavičy; Russian: Самохваловичи, romanized: Samokhvalovichi; Polish: Samochwałowicze) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Samakhvalavichy selsoviet. As of 2023, it has a population of 3,047.

It stretches along the right bank of Ptsich river.

There is the Scientific and Practical Center for Potato and Fruit and Vegetable Growing  of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (Russian: Научно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по картофелеводству и плодоовощеводству) in Samakhvalavichy.
Bunna
Bunna (文和), also romanized as Bunwa, was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Kannō and before Enbun. This period spanned the years from September 1352 through March 1356. The emperor in Kyoto was Emperor Go-Kōgon (後光厳天皇). Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was Emperor Go-Murakami (後村上天皇).

Emperor Go-Kōgon
Emperor Go-Kōgon (後光厳天皇, Go-Kōgon-tennō; 23 March 1338 – 12 March 1374) was the 4th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1352 through 1371.

This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after his father Emperor Kōgon and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he may be called the "Later Emperor Kōgon", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Kōgon, the second", or as "Emperor Kōgon II."
Gediz River
The Gediz River (Turkish: Gediz Nehri, Turkish pronunciation: [ˈɡediz]) is the second-longest river in Anatolia flowing into the Aegean Sea. From its source of Mount Murat in Kütahya Province, it flows generally west for 401 km (249 mi) to the Gediz River Delta in the Gulf of İzmir.

Gediz Delta
The Gediz Delta is the river delta at the confluence of the Gediz River with the Gulf of İzmir, in İzmir Province in western Turkey. It is a 14,900 ha area of land that occupies coastal parts of Foça, Menemen, and Çiğli districts. It is one of the largest areas of coastal wetlands in Turkey
and has a biodiversity of plants and birds. It is a Ramsar site since 1998 and an Important Bird Area since 2000. It is 26 km from İzmir city center.
Jiangshanian
28°48′57″N 118°36′54″E﻿ / ﻿28.815967°N 118.614933°E﻿ / 28.815967; 118.614933

The Jiangshanian is the middle stage of the Furongian series. It follows the Paibian Stage and is succeeded by the still unnamed Stage 10 of the Cambrian. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Agnostotes orientalis which is estimated to be 494.2 million years ago. The Jiangshanian lasted until approximately 491 million years ago.

The Jiangshanian stage was named after Jiangshan, a city in China's Zhejiang province, where its GSSP was defined.

Paibian
28°23′22″N 109°31′33″E﻿ / ﻿28.3895°N 109.5257°E﻿ / 28.3895; 109.5257
The Paibian is the lowest stage of the Furongian Series of the Cambrian System. The Paibian is also the first age of the Furongian Epoch of the Cambrian Period. It follows the Guzhangian (Miaolingian series of the Cambrian) and is succeeded by the Jiangshanian Stage. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Glyptagnostus reticulatus around 497 million years ago. The top, or the base of the Jiangshanian is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Agnostotes orientalis around 494.2 million years ago.