hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois was held on Tuesday, November 6, to elect the 18 U.S. representatives from the state, one from each of the state's 18 congressional districts, a loss of one seat following the 2010 United States census. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election. Primary elections were held on March 20, 2012.

Republicans struggled after a strong showing in 2010, losing a total of five seats, one via redistricting, and four via losses by incumbents. Joe Walsh, Bob Dold, Judy Biggert, and Bobby Schilling were all defeated in their bids for re-election. Walsh, Dold, and Schilling had all been elected during the wave year of 2010.

Bob Dold
Robert James Dold Jr. (born June 23, 1969) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Illinois's 10th congressional district from 2011 to 2013 and again from 2015 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. Prior to his election, Dold ran his family-owned business, Rose Pest Solutions.  In 2010, Dold defeated Democratic Party nominee Dan Seals to replace Republican incumbent Mark Kirk in the U.S. House of Representatives. Dold was narrowly defeated by Democrat Brad Schneider in 2012, but regained the seat in 2014, defeating Schneider in a rematch. He was again defeated by Schneider in 2016 in a third contest between the two.
Glanum
Glanum (Hellenistic Γλανόν, as well as Glano, Calum, Clano, Clanum, Glanu, Glano) was an ancient and wealthy city which still enjoys a magnificent setting below a gorge on the flanks of the Alpilles mountains. It is located about one kilometre south of the town of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Originally a Celto-Ligurian oppidum, it expanded under Greek influence before becoming a Roman city. As it was never built over by settlements after the Roman period but was partly buried by deposits washed from the hills above, much of it was preserved. Many of the impressive buildings have been excavated and can be visited today.

It is particularly known for two well-preserved Roman monuments of the 1st century BC,  known as "Les Antiques", a mausoleum and a triumphal arch.

Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʁemi də pʁɔvɑ̃s]; lit. "Saint-Rémy of Provence"; Provençal: Sant Romieg de Provença (classical norm) and Sant Roumié de Prouvènço (Mistralian norm)) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. It is often referred to simply as Saint-Rémy, its official name until 12 April 1953. Located in the northern part of the Alpilles, of which it is the main town, its population is about 9,600.
Bongaree, Queensland
Bongaree is a suburb of Bribie Island in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. It is located on the western side of Bribie Island, adjacent to the Pumicestone Passage. In the 2021 census, Bongaree had a population of 8,162 people.

City of Moreton Bay
The City of Moreton Bay, known until July 2023 as the Moreton Bay Region, is a local government area in the north of Greater Brisbane in South East Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it replaced three established local government areas, the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture.

With an estimated operating budget of A$391 million and a 2018 population of 459,585, Moreton Bay is the third most populous local government area in Australia behind the City of Brisbane and City of Gold Coast, both of which are also amalgamated entities.

In the 2021 census, the City of Moreton Bay had a population of 476,340 people.
Omar Pasha
Omer Pasha, also known as Omer Pasha Latas (Turkish: Ömer Lütfi Paşa, Serbian: Омер-паша Латас, romanized: Omer-paša Latas; 24 September 1806 – 18 April 1871) was an Ottoman field marshal and governor. Born in the Austrian Empire to Serbian Orthodox Christian parents, he initially served as an Austrian soldier. When faced with charges of embezzlement, he fled to Ottoman Bosnia in 1823 and converted to Islam; he then joined the Ottoman army, where he quickly rose through the ranks. Latas crushed several rebellions all across the Ottoman Empire. He served as the main commander of the Crimean War, where he defeated the Russians at Giurgevo, regaining control of Bucharest and the Danubian Principalities, pushing the Russians outside of the Danube. Latas spearheaded notable victories at Oltenița, Cetate, Eupatoria, Sukhumi, and Sevastopol. As a commander, he was noted for his excellent strategic and diplomatic skills.

Battle of Oltenița
The Battle of Oltenița (or Oltenitza) was fought on 4 November 1853
and was the first engagement of the Crimean War. In this battle an Ottoman army under the command of Omar Pasha was defending its fortified positions from the Russian forces led by General Peter Dannenberg, until the Russians were ordered to withdraw. The Russian attack was called off just when they reached the Ottoman fortifications, and they retreated in good order, but suffered heavy losses. The Turks held their positions, but did not pursue the enemy, and later retreated to the other side of Danube.
Prince Abdul Mateen of Brunei
Abdul Mateen ibni Hassanal Bolkiah (Jawi: عبد المتين; born 10 August 1991) is a member of the royal family of Brunei. He is the son of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah by his former second wife, Mariam Abdul Aziz, and is fifth in the line of succession to the Bruneian throne.

Princess Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah
Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah (Jawi: عظيمة نعمة البلقية; born 26 September 1984) is a member of the royal family of Brunei. She is the eighth child of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei by his former second wife, Mariam Abdul Aziz.
Tony Allen (musician)
Tony Oladipo Allen (20 July 1940 – 30 April 2020) was a Nigerian-Ghanaian drummer, composer, and songwriter who lived and worked in Paris, France. Allen was the drummer and musical director of Fela Kuti's band Africa '70 from 1968 to 1979, and was one of the founders of the Afrobeat genre. Fela once stated that "without Tony Allen, there would be no Afrobeat". He was described by Brian Eno as "perhaps the greatest drummer who has ever lived". Later in life, Allen collaborated with Damon Albarn on several projects, including Gorillaz, the Good, the Bad & the Queen and Rocket Juice & the Moon.

The Good, the Bad & the Queen
The Good, the Bad & the Queen were an English art rock supergroup composed of singer Damon Albarn of Blur and Gorillaz, bassist Paul Simonon of the Clash, guitarist Simon Tong of the Verve, and drummer Tony Allen of Fela Kuti's band Africa '70. They released their self-titled debut album in 2007. Their second album, Merrie Land, coproduced with Tony Visconti, was released in 2018. They disbanded in 2019.
Pronunciation of English ⟨a⟩
There are a variety of pronunciations in Modern English and in historical forms of the language for words spelled with the letter ⟨a⟩. Most of these go back to the low vowel (the "short A") of earlier Middle English, which later developed both long and short forms. The sound of the long vowel was altered in the Great Vowel Shift, but later a new long A (or "broad A") developed which was not subject to the shift. These processes have produced the main four pronunciations of ⟨a⟩ in present-day English: those found in the words trap, face, father and square (with the phonetic output depending on whether the dialect is rhotic or not, and, in rhotic dialects, whether or not the Mary–merry merger occurs). Separate developments have produced additional pronunciations in words like wash, talk and comma.

Phonological history of English open back vowels
The phonology of the open back vowels of the English language has undergone changes both overall and with regional variations, through Old and Middle English to the present. The sounds heard in modern English were significantly influenced by the Great Vowel Shift, as well as more recent developments in some dialects such as the cot–caught merger.
Admiralty of Friesland
The Admiralty of Friesland  or Frisian Admiralty (Dutch: Admiraliteit van Friesland or Friese Admiraliteit; West Frisian: Fryske Admiraliteit) was one of the five Dutch admiralties of the Dutch Republic. Set up on 6 March 1596, it was dissolved in 1795 during the reforms by the Batavian Republic.

Dutch admiralties
The Dutch Republic had five admiralties:

Admiralty of Amsterdam (1586–1795)

Admiralty of Friesland (1596–1795)

Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier (1589–1795)

Admiralty of Rotterdam (1574–1795)

Admiralty of Zeeland (1584–1795)

All five admiralties ended in 1795 with the end of the Dutch Republic due to the Batavian Revolution.
East Machias, Maine
East Machias is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States on the East Machias River.  At the 2020 census, the town population was 1,326. It is the home of Washington Academy, a private school founded in 1792.

Washington Academy (Maine)
Washington Academy (WA) is a private preparatory high school in East Machias, Maine. Founded in 1792, the Academy has an enrollment of 438 boarding and day students.

The Maine Department of Education pays the school to take high school students from the unorganized territories of Cathance, Edmunds, Marion, and Trescott in Washington County. Students in other parts of Washington County may elect to attend as public school students. Due to the school taking public tuition money, Joyce Kryszak of the Maine Monitor stated that it is a "public-private" school.
Battle of Siluk
The Battle of Siluk was an engagement at the closing stages of the Java War between rebel forces of Prince Diponegoro, commanded by Sentot Prawirodirdjo, and Dutch colonial forces on 17 September 1829. Dutch forces, pursuing Diponegoro, attempted to surround his force at the village of Siluk, and after a battle, scattered the remnants of the rebel force while failing to capture Diponegoro.

Sentot Prawirodirdjo
Ali Basah Abdul Mustapa Prawirodirdjo (1808 – 17 April 1855), also known as Sentot Ali Pasha or Sentot Prawirodirdjo, was a Javanese Muslim military commander during the Java War. He joined Diponegoro's rebel forces at the age of seventeen, and became a renowned commander in the war, and later became overall commander. He surrendered to the Dutch in October 1829. In Dutch service, Prawirodirdjo was given command of a Javanese unit under Dutch command during a 1832 Chinese riot in Purwakarta and then in the Padri War, when he was accused of collusion with Padri leaders. He was exiled to Bengkulu and died there.
Parasitic drag
Parasitic drag, also known as profile drag,: 254 : 256  is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is defined as the combination of form drag and skin friction drag.: 641–642 : 19

It is named as such because it is not useful, in contrast with lift-induced drag which is created when an airfoil generates lift. All objects experience parasitic drag, regardless of whether they generate lift. Parasitic drag comprises all types of drag except lift-induced drag, and the total drag on an aircraft or other object which generates lift is the sum of parasitic drag and lift-induced drag.

Lift-induced drag
Lift-induced drag, induced drag, vortex drag, or sometimes drag due to lift, in aerodynamics, is an aerodynamic drag force that occurs whenever a moving object redirects the airflow coming at it. This drag force occurs in airplanes due to wings or a lifting body redirecting air to cause lift and also in cars with airfoil wings that redirect air to cause a downforce. It is symbolized as , and the lift-induced drag coefficient as .

For a constant amount of lift, induced drag can be reduced by increasing airspeed. A counter-intuitive effect of this is that, up to the speed-for-minimum-drag, aircraft need less power to fly faster. Induced drag is also reduced when the wingspan is higher, or for wings with wingtip devices.
HMS Fearless (L10)
HMS Fearless (L10) was a Royal Navy amphibious assault ship that served from 1965 until 2002. One of two Fearless-class landing platform docks, she was based in HMNB Portsmouth and saw service around the world over her 37-year life. She was the last steam-powered surface ship in the Royal Navy.

The ship featured a floodable internal dock, accessed via a ramp at the stern for vehicles to embark, at sea, the stern would be partially submerged, allowing landing craft to load or unload vehicles and personnel directly from the deck. She carried four Landing Craft Utility (LCU)s in the well dock and four smaller Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) mounted on davits along the superstructure. Accommodation was provided for up to 400 embarked troops, which could be increased to 700.

LCVP (United Kingdom)
The Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) is a versatile amphibious landing craft designed to transport troops or armoured vehicles from ship to shore during amphibious landings. The designation was first used in British service for the LCVP Mk2s introduced with the two Fearless-class amphibious transport docks, the role having previously been carried out by the Landing Craft Assault developed during the Second World War. They are manned and operated by 1 Assault Group Royal Marines.
1946 Montenegrin Republic League
The 1946 Montenegrin Republic League was inaugural season of Montenegrin Republic League. First edition of competition was qualifying tournament for the first season of Yugoslav First League. Also, it was the very first official competition in Montenegro after the World War II. The season began in April and ended in May 1946.

Montenegrin Republic League
Montenegrin Republic League (Serbo-Croatian: Црногорска републичка лига, romanized: Crnogorska republička liga) was the third tier football league of SFR Yugoslavia. The top clubs were promoted to Yugoslav Second League.
Sturt Football Club
The Sturt Football Club, nicknamed The Double Blues, is a semi-professional Australian rules football club based in the suburb of Unley, South Australia, which plays in the South Australian National Football League.

Founded in 1901 by the Sturt Cricket Club, the club initially struggled to make the finals, however, in 1915 they won their first Premiership. After several decades of substantial finals appearances and a few premiership wins, Sturt entered a period of success, winning seven premierships from 1966 to 1976 under coach Jack Oatey.

Sturt has a total of 16 premierships, sixteen Magarey Medallists and two Night Premierships.

Sturt wear Oxford and Cambridge Blue reflecting the street names on which their home ground is based. Sturt play their home games at the 15,000 capacity Unley Oval and their club song is named It's a grand old flag.

Unley, South Australia
Unley is an inner-southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, within the City of Unley. The suburb is the home of the Sturt Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Unley neighbours Adelaide Park Lands, Fullarton, Hyde Park, Malvern, Parkside and Wayville.

The boundaries of Unley are Greenhill Road (north), Unley Road, Maud Street and Windsor Street (east), Cremorne Street and Opey Avenue (south) and King William Road (west).

Unley is the family name of the wife of Thomas Whistler, owner of land in Unley which was laid out around 1857.
Queen of da Souf
Queen of da Souf is the debut studio album by American rapper Latto, released under the previous stage name Mulatto. It was released on August 21, 2020, by RCA Records and Streamcut. The album was supported by four singles: "Bitch from da Souf (Remix)" (featuring Saweetie and Trina), "Muwop" (featuring Gucci Mane), "On God", and "In n Out" (featuring City Girls); alongside two promotional singles: "No Hook" and "He Say She Say". The album features guest appearances from other artists such as 21 Savage and 42 Dugg. The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200. The album's extended version was released on December 11, 2020.

Bitch from da Souf
"Bitch from da Souf" is the debut single by American rapper Latto (then known as "Mulatto"), released in January 2019. Produced by Bankroll Got It, it is the lead single from her second EP Big Latto (2019). The song is considered Latto's breakout hit; its success led to her signing to RCA Records. On December 4, 2019, a remix of the song was released, featuring fellow female rappers Saweetie and Trina, as the lead single from Latto's debut studio album Queen of Da Souf (2020).
Barha family
The Barha family (also Bahera or Bara) was an Ashrafized Shia noble family in India during the Mughal Empire. Its members traditionally held high military ranks and frequently led armies in the service of Mughal emperors, from the reign of Emperor Akbar into the early 18th century.

Under the Sayyid brothers, Hussain Ali Khan and Hassan Ali Khan, the Barhas became the de facto ruling family of the Mughal court from 1713 to 1720.

Hussain Ali Khan Barha
Nawab Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha (1666 – 8 October 1720), officially Itisham-ul-Mulk, was a kingmaker of the later Mughal Period. He is best known for ordering the death of Emperor Farrukhsiyar, largely in an attempt to halt the numerous assassination attempts that the latter had ordered against him and his brother Abdullah Khan Barha. Hussain Ali Khan rose as a kingmaker in early 18th century India, when he was concurrently the Mughal governor of Ajmer and Aurangabad in the Deccan.

Both Hussain Ali Khan and his brother, Abdullah Khan, had a hand in the installation or deposition (or both) of several emperors to the throne at Delhi, including: Bahadur Shah I, Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi ud Darajat, Shah Jahan II, Ibrahim and Muhammad Shah. The brothers eventually became de facto rulers of the sub-continent by the early 18th century, at a time when India's economy was the largest in the world.
Isaac K. Funk
Isaac Kaufmann Funk (September 10, 1839 – April 4, 1912) was an American Lutheran minister, editor, lexicographer, publisher, and spelling reformer. He was the co-founder of  Funk & Wagnalls Company, the father of author Wilfred J. Funk (who founded his own publishing company, Wilfred Funk, Inc., and wrote the Word Power feature in Reader's Digest from 1945 to 1962), and the grandfather of author Peter Funk, who continued his father's authorship of Word Power until 2003. Funk & Wagnalls Company published The Literary Digest, The Standard Dictionary of the English Language, and Funk & Wagnalls Standard Encyclopedia.

Funk & Wagnalls
Funk & Wagnalls was an American publisher known for its reference works, including A Standard Dictionary of the English Language (1st ed. 1893–5), and the Funk & Wagnalls Standard Encyclopedia (25 volumes, 1st ed. 1912).

The encyclopedia was renamed Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Encyclopedia in 1931 and in 1945, it was known as New Funk & Wagnalls Encyclopedia, Universal Standard Encyclopedia, Funk & Wagnalls Standard Reference Encyclopedia, and Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (29 volumes, 1st ed. 1971).

The last printing of Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia was in 1997. As of 2025, annual Yearbooks are still in production.

The I.K. Funk & Company, founded in 1875, was renamed Funk & Wagnalls Company after two years, and later became Funk & Wagnalls Inc., then Funk & Wagnalls Corporation.
Charlie Valentine
Charlie Valentine, also released as The Hitmen Diaries: Charlie Valentine, is a 2009 crime drama starring Raymond J. Barry in the title role. The film co-stars Michael Weatherly, James Russo, and Tom Berenger, and was shot in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Los Angeles, California. The film was directed by Jesse V. Johnson.

Jesse V. Johnson
Jesse V. Johnson (born on 29 November 1971) is a British film director, screenwriter and stunt coordinator.

Johnson has made primarily action films. These include the 2009 revenge thriller The Butcher and the crime drama Charlie Valentine. He is also known for his collaboration with actor and martial artist Scott Adkins.

Prior to becoming a filmmaker, he worked as a stuntman and later a stunt coordinator. His stunt performing credits include: M:i:III, Charlie's Angels, Mars Attacks!, Planet of the Apes, Starship Troopers, War of the Worlds, Total Recall, The Thin Red Line, Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines and Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension. He worked as a stunt coordinator on Beowulf.
P-adic Hodge theory
In mathematics, p-adic Hodge theory is a theory that provides a way to classify and study p-adic Galois representations of characteristic 0 local fields with residual characteristic p (such as Qp). The theory has its beginnings in Jean-Pierre Serre and John Tate's study of Tate modules of abelian varieties and the notion of Hodge–Tate representation. Hodge–Tate representations are related to certain decompositions of p-adic cohomology theories analogous to the Hodge decomposition, hence the name p-adic Hodge theory. Further developments were inspired by properties of p-adic Galois representations arising from the étale cohomology of varieties. Jean-Marc Fontaine introduced many of the basic concepts of the field.

Jean-Marc Fontaine
Jean-Marc Fontaine (13 March 1944 – 29 January 2019) was a French mathematician. He was one of the founders of p-adic Hodge theory. He was a professor at Paris-Sud 11 University from 1988 to his death.
Steven van de Velde
Steven van de Velde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsteːvə(ɱ) vɑn də ˈvɛldə]; born 8 August 1994) is a Dutch beach volleyball player. He was convicted of child rape in 2016; in 2014, when Van de Velde was 19, he raped a 12-year-old British girl, after contacting her on social media, travelling to Britain to meet her, and giving her alcohol. He returned to sport in 2018 and participated in the 2024 Summer Olympics,  with the Dutch Olympic Committee standing by their nomination despite a petition calling for him to be removed. The same year, he won a bronze medal at the 2024 European Championships.

NOC*NSF
The Dutch Olympic Committee*Dutch Sports Federation (Dutch: Nederlands Olympisch Comité*Nederlandse Sport Federatie; IOC Code: NED), generally abbreviated NOC*NSF, is the overall coordinating Dutch sports organisation that also functions as the Dutch National Olympic Committee and National Paralympic Committee. NOC*NSF, based at the National Sports Centre Papendal in Arnhem, is the umbrella organisation for sports in the Netherlands, representing more than 23,000 sports clubs and 5.2 million Dutch people involved in sports.
Royal Wardrobe
The Royal Wardrobe (also known as the King's Wardrobe) was a building located between Carter Lane and St Andrew's Church, just to the north of what is now Queen Victoria Street in the City of London, near Blackfriars. It was used as a storehouse for royal accoutrements, housing arms and clothing among other personal items of the Crown.

St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe
St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe is a Church of England church located on Queen Victoria Street, London in the City of London, near Blackfriars station. It is also the London headquarters for the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Orthodox Archbishop of London, Archbishop Anba Angaelos, as part of a church-sharing arrangement.