hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Triomphant-class submarine
The Triomphant class of ballistic missile submarines of the French Navy is the active lead boat class of four boats that entered service in 1997, 1999, 2004, and 2010. These four superseded the older Redoutable class, and they provide the ocean-based component (the Force océanique stratégique) of France's multi-discipline nuclear deterrent strike force, the Force de dissuasion ('deterrence force'). Their home port is Île Longue, Roadstead of Brest, Western Brittany.

Redoutable-class submarine (1967)
The Le Redoutable-class submarine was a ballistic missile submarine class of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). In French, the type is called  Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins (SNLE), literally "Missile-launching nuclear submarine". When commissioned, they constituted the strategic part of the naval component of the French nuclear triad, then called Force de frappe (the aircraft carriers Clemenceau and Foch constituting the tactical part).

The class entered active service in 1971 with Redoutable, six submarines were built in total. All have since been decommissioned. The structural changes in Inflexible have seen it regarded as a different class from the early boats. The class has been superseded by the Triomphant class.
CIBC Capital Markets
CIBC Capital Markets is the investment banking subsidiary of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.  The firm operates as an investment bank both in Canadian and global equity and debt capital markets. The firm provides a variety of financial services including equity and debt capital market products, mergers and acquisitions, global markets (sales and trading), merchant banking, and other investment banking advisory services.

Established via a series of acquisitions, including Canadian brokerage Wood Gundy and U.S.-based Oppenheimer & Co., CIBC Capital Markets has been a leading investment bank in Canada with a notable presence in various international markets at times over the years.

CIBC Capital Markets is headquartered at CIBC Square in Toronto with offices in Calgary, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg, New York City, Chicago, Houston, Milwaukee, Bogotá, Beijing, Hong Kong, London, Luxembourg, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney and Tokyo.

Wood Gundy
Wood Gundy Inc. was a leading Canadian stock brokerage and investment banking firm. Founded in 1905, it was acquired by the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce in 1988 as it attempted to build an investment banking business. The Wood Gundy name was used extensively by the bank's investment banking arm, which was known as CIBC Wood Gundy until 1997. Today, CIBC's investment banking business is known as CIBC World Markets, and the name CIBC Wood Gundy is used as the brand for the bank's retail brokerage business.
2020 Minnesota Senate election
The 2020 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 3, 2020, to elect members to the Senate of the 92nd Minnesota Legislature. A primary election was held in several districts on August 11, 2020. The election coincided with the election of the other house of the Legislature, the House of Representatives, and other elections.

2020 Minnesota House of Representatives election
The 2020 Minnesota House of Representatives election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 3, 2020, to elect members to the House of Representatives of the 92nd Minnesota Legislature. A primary election was held in several districts on August 11, 2020. The election coincided with the election of the other house of the Legislature, the Senate, and other elections.
New Hampshire Route 13
New Hampshire Route 13 is a 43.38-mile (69.81 km) long north–south state highway in the state of New Hampshire, United States. The highway runs from Brookline to Concord.

The southern terminus is at the Massachusetts state line in Brookline, where the route continues south as Massachusetts Route 13. The northern terminus is in the center of Concord at U.S. Route 202 and New Hampshire Route 9, locally the intersection of South Street and Pleasant Street.

New Hampshire Route 9
New Hampshire Route 9 (abbreviated NH 9 and also known as the Franklin Pierce Highway) is a 109.910-mile-long (176.883 km) state highway located in southern New Hampshire. It runs across the state from west to east and is a multi-state route with Vermont and Maine, part of 1920s-era New England Interstate Route 9.

The western terminus of NH 9 is at the Vermont state line in Chesterfield, where it connects to Vermont Route 9. Its eastern terminus is at the Maine state line in Somersworth, where it connects to Maine State Route 9.

Two large sections of NH 9, totaling 44.438 miles (71.516 km), are cosigned with U.S. Route 202.  By combined mileage of the two sections, US 202 and NH 9 share the longest concurrency in New Hampshire.
Bryn Athyn Historic District
The Bryn Athyn Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing an important collection of Arts and Crafts movement architecture in Bryn Athyn, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.  Designated in 2008, it includes three residential properties associated with the Pitcairn family who supported the movement, as well as Bryn Athyn Cathedral, all built by craftsmen employed by the Pitcairns.

The district properties are located in the center of Bryn Athyn, on the west side of Huntington Pike (Pennsylvania Route 232), and is roughly bisected by Cathedral Road.  On its north side stand Cairnwood and the Glencairn Museum, both built as homes of the Pitcairns, and on its south are the Bryn Athyn Cathedral, the mother church of the General Church of the New Jerusalem, and Cairncrest, another Pitcairn home that now houses church offices.

Glencairn Museum
Glencairn is a castle-like mansion in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, that was home to the Pitcairn family for more than 40 years. Now the Glencairn Museum, it contains a collection of about 8,000 artworks, mostly religious in nature, from cultures such as ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, the Roman Empire and medieval Europe, as well as Islamic, Asian, and Native American works. The museum is affiliated with The New Church, and the building is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Laying worker bee
A laying worker bee is a worker bee that lays unfertilized eggs, usually in the absence of a queen bee. Only drones develop from the eggs of laying worker bees (with some exceptions, see thelytoky). A beehive cannot survive with only a laying worker bee.

Queen bee
A queen bee is typically an adult, mated female (gyne) that lives in a colony or hive of honey bees. With fully developed reproductive organs, the queen is usually the mother of most, if not all, of the bees in the beehive. Queens are developed from larvae selected by worker bees and specially fed in order to become sexually mature. There is normally only one adult, mated queen in a hive, in which case the bees will usually follow and fiercely protect her.

The term "queen bee" can be more generally applied to any dominant reproductive female in a colony of a eusocial bee species other than honey bees. However, as in the Brazilian stingless bee (Schwarziana quadripunctata), a single nest may have multiple queens or even dwarf queens, ready to replace a dominant queen in case of a sudden death.
Mausoleum of Yacoub bin Abd al-Rahman
Mausoleum of Yacoub bin Abd al-Rahman (Arabic: مقام يعقوب بن عبد الرحمن) is a mausoleum dedicated to Yacoub bin Abd al-Rahman, tabi'e, qāriʾ and hadith narrator. It is located at the side of Fouad Street in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. It is opposite the Mausoleum of Abdullah ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin.

Mausoleum of Abdullah ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin
Mausoleum of Abdullah ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin (Arabic: مقام عبد الله بن علي زين العابدين) is a mausoleum dedicated to Abdullah ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin, grandson of Husayn ibn Ali. It is located at the side of Fouad Street in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. It is located opposite of the Mausoleum of Yacoub ibn Abdul Rahman ibn Mohammed.
Kjersti Stubø
Kjersti Aasan Stubø (born 25 April 1970) is a Norwegian jazz musician vocalist, daughter and musical successor of Jazz guitarist Thorgeir Stubø (1943–1986), mother of elektronica musician Mathias Stubø (b. 1992), and sister of Jazz guitarist Håvard and theatre director Eirik Stubø.

Håvard Stubø
Håvard Aasan Stubø (born 26 March 1977 in Narvik, Northern Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (guitar) and composer, son and musical successor of Jazz guitarist Thorgeir Stubø (1943–1986) and Grete Karin Aasan Stubø (b. 1943), and brother of Jazz singer Kjersti Stubø and Theater director Eirik Stubø.
L-reduction
In computer science, particularly the study of approximation algorithms, an 
L-reduction ("linear reduction") is a transformation of optimization problems which linearly preserves approximability features; it is one type of approximation-preserving reduction. L-reductions in studies of approximability of optimization problems play a similar role to that of polynomial reductions in the studies of computational complexity of decision problems.

The term L reduction is sometimes used to refer to log-space reductions, by analogy with the complexity class L, but this is a different concept.

Approximation-preserving reduction
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, especially the study of approximation algorithms, an approximation-preserving reduction is an algorithm for transforming one optimization problem into another problem, such that the distance of solutions from optimal is preserved to some degree.  Approximation-preserving reductions are a subset of more general reductions in complexity theory; the difference is that approximation-preserving reductions usually make statements on approximation problems or optimization problems, as opposed to decision problems.

Intuitively, problem A is reducible to problem B via an approximation-preserving reduction if, given an instance of problem A and a (possibly approximate) solver for problem B, one can convert the instance of problem A into an instance of problem B, apply the solver for problem B, and recover a solution for problem A that also has some guarantee of approximation.
Lepidostroma
Lepidostroma is a genus in the family Lepidostromataceae (the only family within the fungal order Lepidostromatales). The genus is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi (Multiclavula (Cantharellales), Ertzia (Lepidostromatales), and Sulzbacheromyces (Lepidostromatales)) by having a distinctly squamulose thallus (similar to a 'Coriscium-type' thallus) with scattered to dense rounded to reniform squamules. Four species are known from the tropics of Africa and the Americas.

Ertzia
Ertzia is a monospecific genus in the family Lepidostromataceae (the only family within the fungal order Lepidostromatales). The sole species is Ertzia akagerae, a basidiolichen. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Brendan Hodkinson and Robert Lücking. Ertzia is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi (Multiclavula (Cantharellales), Lepidostroma (Lepidostromatales), and Sulzbacheromyces (Lepidostromatales)) by having a microsquamulose thallus that forms contiguous glomerules (reminiscent of a 'Botrydina-type' thallus) with a cortex of jigsaw puzzle-shaped cells. Ertzia akagerae grows on soil in the African tropics.
West Baltic languages
The West Baltic languages are a group of extinct Baltic languages that were spoken by West Baltic peoples. West Baltic is one of the two primary branches of Baltic languages, along with East Baltic. It includes Old Prussian, Sudovian, West Galindian, possibly Pomeranian Baltic, Skalvian and Old Curonian.: 33

Galindian language
The term Galindian is sometimes ascribed to two separate Baltic languages, both of which were peripheral dialects:

a West Baltic language referred to as West Galindian;

a Baltic language previously spoken in Mozhaysk region (present day Russia), referred to as East Galindian or Golyad
American Craftsman
American Craftsman is an American domestic architectural style, inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement, which included interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts, beginning in the last years of the 19th century. Its immediate ancestors in American architecture are the Shingle style, which began the move away from Victorian ornamentation toward simpler forms, and the Prairie style of Frank Lloyd Wright.

"Craftsman" was appropriated from furniture-maker Gustav Stickley, whose magazine The Craftsman was first published in 1901. The architectural style was most widely used in small-to-medium-sized Southern California single-family homes from about 1905, so the smaller-scale Craftsman style became known alternatively as "California bungalow". The style remained popular into the 1930s and has continued with revival and restoration projects.

California bungalow
California bungalow is an alternative name for the American Craftsman style of residential architecture, when it was applied to small-to-medium-sized homes rather than the large "ultimate bungalow" houses of designers like Greene and Greene. California bungalows became popular in suburban neighborhoods across the United States, and to varying extents elsewhere, from around 1910 to 1939.
Margaret Paleologa
Margaret Palaeologa (Italian: Margherita Paleologa; 11 August 1510 – 28 December 1566), was the marchioness of Montferrat in her own right between 1533 and 1536. She was also Duchess of Mantua by marriage to Federico II, Duke of Mantua. Margaret acted as the regent of the duchy of Mantua twice during the minority of her sons: for her elder son Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua in 1540–1549, and for her younger son Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, between 1550 and 1556.

Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
Guglielmo Gonzaga (24 April 1538 – 14 August 1587) was Duke of Mantua from 1550 to 1587, and of Montferrat from 1574 to 1587. He was the second son of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Margaret Palaeologina of Montferrat. In 1574, Montferrat was elevated to a Duchy and Guglielmo became its first duke. He was succeeded as Duke of both duchies by his son Vincenzo.
Secretin family
Glucagon/gastric inhibitory polypeptide/secretin/vasoactive intestinal peptide hormones are a family of evolutionarily related peptide hormones that regulate activity of G-protein-coupled receptors from the secretin receptor family. A number of polypeptidic hormones, mainly expressed in the intestine or the pancreas, belong to a group of these structurally related peptides.

This family  of hormones are produced from (preproglucagon), which is cleaved to produce glucagon, glucagon-like protein I, glucagon-like protein II, and glicentin.  Other members of the structurally similar group include secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, prealbumin, peptide HI-27, and growth hormone releasing factor.

One hormone, glucagon, is fully conserved in all mammalian species in which it has been studied.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is a peptide of 28 amino acid residues that belongs to a glucagon/secretin superfamily, the ligand of class II G protein–coupled receptors.
VIP is produced in many tissues of vertebrates including the gut, pancreas, neocortex, and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain. VIP stimulates contractility in the heart, causes vasodilation, increases glycogenolysis, lowers arterial blood pressure and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gallbladder. In humans, the vasoactive intestinal peptide is encoded by the VIP gene.

VIP has a half-life (t½) in the blood of about two minutes.
The New Frontier (Fear the Walking Dead)
"The New Frontier" is the second episode of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on June 4, 2017, along with season premiere "Eye of the Beholder".

This episode marks the final regular appearance of Cliff Curtis as Travis Manawa, who was abruptly killed off early in the episode after getting shot inside a helicopter.

Eye of the Beholder (Fear the Walking Dead)
"Eye of the Beholder" is the first episode of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on June 4, 2017, along with the following episode "The New Frontier".

This episode marks the first appearance of the Otto brothers: Troy Otto (Daniel Sharman) and Jake Otto (Sam Underwood), who both play major roles in this season.
Turn on the forehand
Turn on the forehand is a lateral movement in equestrian schooling that involves moving the horse's hindquarters around his front legs. Although a basic movement, it is an important training tool for both horse and rider.

Lateral movement
Lateral movements or lateral flexions within equestrianism, have a specific meaning, used to refer to movements made by a horse where the animal is moving in a direction other than straight forward. They are used both in training and in competition, vary in difficulty, and are used in a progressive manner, according to the training and physical limitations of the animal.
2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election
The 2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election was held on November 5, 2024, to elect 99 seats for the Tennessee House of Representatives. The elections coincided with the Presidential, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State Senate elections. The primary election was held on August 1, 2024. Tennessee has open primaries, meaning that any voter can choose to vote on either a Republican or Democratic ballot during primary elections.

Following the election, no seats changed hands between the parties, and the overall partisan composition of the Tennessee House remained unchanged. This marked the first time since 2006 that neither party gained nor lost a seat in a general election for the chamber.

2024 Tennessee Senate election
The 2024 Tennessee State Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect 16 of the 33 seats in the Tennessee State Senate. The elections coincided with the Presidential, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State House elections. The primary elections were held on August 1, 2024, with the exception of presidential primaries being held on March 5. Tennessee has open primaries, meaning that any voter can choose to vote on either a Republican or Democratic ballot during primary elections.

Following the 2024 elections, no seats changed hands, leaving Tennessee's State Senate delegation at a 27–6 Republican supermajority.
Daboia siamensis
Daboia siamensis (Common name: eastern Russell's viper, Siamese Russell's viper, more) is a viper species which is endemic to parts of Southeast Asia, southern China and Taiwan. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Daboia russelii (as Daboia russelli siamensis), but was elevated to species status in 2007.

Russell's viper
Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is a species of highly venomous snake in the family Viperidae. The species is native to South Asia. It was described in 1797 by George Shaw and Frederick Polydore Nodder. It is named after Patrick Russell. Known for its extremely painful bite, it is considered one of the most dangerous big four snakes in India.
Design Cities (UNESCO)
UNESCO's Design Cities project is part of the wider Creative Cities Network. The Network launched in 2004, and has member cities in seven creative fields. The other fields are: Crafts and Folk Art, Music, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, and Media Arts.

City of Crafts and Folk Arts
UNESCO's City of Crafts and Folk Arts project is part of the wider Creative Cities Network, founded in 2004, which designates cities worldwide that have made unique contributions to the field of crafts and folk arts.

The current designated Cities of Crafts and Folk Arts of UNESCO are:
Recreation Park (Philadelphia)
Recreation Park was a baseball park in Philadelphia. The ballpark was the first home of the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League during the years 1883–1886, prior to the opening of National League Park in 1887. The University of Pennsylvania football team played home games at Recreation Park from 1882 to 1884. The park was bounded by 24th Street (east, first base); Ridge Avenue (north, right field); Montgomery Avenue (northwest, center field); 25th Street (west, left field); and Columbia Avenue (south, third base) (which in 1987 was renamed  Cecil B. Moore Avenue after the civil-rights leader).

Philadelphia portal

Baker Bowl
National League Park, commonly referred to as the Baker Bowl after 1923, was a baseball stadium home to the Philadelphia Phillies from 1887 until 1938, and the first home field of the Philadelphia Eagles from 1933 to 1935. It opened in 1887 with a capacity of 12,500. It burned down in 1894 and was rebuilt in 1895 as the first ballpark constructed primarily of steel and brick and with a cantilevered upper deck.

The ballpark's first base line ran parallel to Huntingdon Street; right field to center field parallel to North Broad Street; center field to left field parallel to Lehigh Avenue; and the third base line parallel to 15th Street. The stadium was demolished in 1950.
Eww (web browser)
Emacs Web Wowser (a backronym of "eww") is a lightweight web browser within the GNU Emacs text editor. Eww can only do basic rendering of HTML; there is no capability for executing JavaScript or handling the intricacies of CSS. It was developed by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen, who also created the underlying HTML rendering library.

GNU Emacs
GNU Emacs is a text editor and suite of free software tools. Its development began in 1984 by GNU Project founder Richard Stallman, based on the Emacs editor developed for Unix operating systems. GNU Emacs has been a central component of the GNU project and a flagship project of the free software movement.

The program's tagline is "the extensible self-documenting text editor." Most functionality in GNU Emacs is implemented in user-accessible Emacs Lisp, allowing deep extensibility directly by users and through community-contributed packages. Its built-in features include a file browser and editor (Dired), an advanced calculator (Calc), an email client and news reader (Gnus), a Language Server Protocol integration, and the productivity system Org-mode. A large community of users have contributed extensions such as the Git interface Magit, the Vim emulation layer Evil, several search frameworks, the window manager EXWM, and tools for working with a wide range of programming languages.
Higashiyama culture
The Higashiyama culture (東山文化 Higashiyama bunka) is a segment of Japanese culture that includes innovations in architecture, the visual arts and theatre during the late Muromachi period. It originated and was promoted in the 15th century by the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, after he retired to his villa in the eastern hills (東山 Higashiyama) of capital city Kyoto.

Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Ashikaga Yoshimasa (足利 義政; January 20, 1436 – January 27, 1490) was the eighth shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1443 to 1473 during the Muromachi period of Japan. His actions led to the Ōnin War (1467–1477), which triggered the Sengoku period. His reign saw a cultural flourishing in the arts, the development of tea ceremony, Zen Buddhism and wabi-sabi aesthetics.