hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WebM
WebM (from "Web Movie") is an audiovisual media file format. It is primarily intended to offer a royalty-free alternative to use in HTML video and HTML audio elements. It has a sister project for images: WebP. The development of the format is sponsored by Google, and the corresponding software is distributed under a BSD license. WebM was a collaborative effort first released in 2010.

The WebM container is based on a profile of Matroska. WebM initially supported VP8 video and Vorbis audio streams. In 2013, it was updated to accommodate VP9 video and Opus audio. It also supports the AV1 codec.

VP9
VP9 is an open and royalty-free video coding format developed by Google.

VP9 is the successor to VP8 and competes mainly with MPEG's High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265).
At first, VP9 was mainly used on Google's video platform YouTube. The emergence of the Alliance for Open Media, and its support for the ongoing development of the successor AV1, of which Google is a part, led to growing interest in the format.

In contrast to HEVC, VP9 support is common among modern web browsers (see HTML video § Browser support). Android has supported VP9 since version 4.4 KitKat, while Safari 14 added support for VP9 in iOS / iPadOS / tvOS 14 and macOS Big Sur.

Parts of the format are covered by patents held by Google. The company grants free usage of its own related patents based on reciprocity, i.e. as long as the user does not engage in patent litigations.
Twyford, Hampshire
Twyford is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England, approximately three miles (4.8 kilometres) south of Winchester and near the M3 motorway and Twyford Down.  In 2001, the population of the parish was 1,456. The village and parish are on the left bank of the Itchen, which passes through nearby watermeadows, and has been important economically for its residents.

River Itchen, Hampshire
The River Itchen in Hampshire, England, rises to the south of New Alresford and flows 26 miles (42 km) to meet Southampton Water below the Itchen Bridge. The Itchen Navigation was constructed in the late 17th and early 18th centuries to enable barges to reach Winchester from Southampton Docks, but ceased to operate in the mid-19th century and is largely abandoned today.

The river is one of the world's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, amenable to dry fly or nymphing. The local chalk aquifer has excellent storage and filtration and the river has long been used for drinking water. Watercress thrives in its upper reaches.

Much of the river from its source to Swaythling is classified as a 748.5-hectare (1,850-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and a Special Area of Conservation, of which the 9-hectare (22-acre) Hockley Meadows nature reserve is a part. The Itchen estuary is part of the separate Lee-on-The Solent to Itchen Estuary SSSI.
Abdulla Kurd
Abdulla Kurd (sometimes Abdullah Kurd, and also known as Abdullah al-Kurdi or Salahuddin), (born Cevdet Döğer; 20 April 1977– 3 May 2011), was a Kurdish Islamist militant who was a commander of the Mujahideen in Chechnya. Kurd was the top deputy to Saudi-born field commander Abu al-Walid. Following Muhannad's capture and assassination near the village of Serzhen-Yurt on 21 April 2011, according to the Russian National Anti-Terrorist Committee, Kurd assumed Muhannad's position. Kurd was killed by Russian security forces in the Cheberloevsky area of Chechnya on 3 May 2011.

Mujahideen in Chechnya
The Mujahideen in Chechnya (Russian: моджахеды в Чечне, Muzhakhady v Chechnye; Arabic: المجاهدون العرب في الشيشان) were foreign Islamist Mujahideen volunteers that fought in Chechnya and other parts of the North Caucasus.

It was created by Fathi al-Urduni in 1995 during the First Chechen War, where it fought against the Russian Federation in favor of Chechnya's independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. During the Second Chechen War it played an important part in further fighting.
John Hull (merchant)
John Hull (December 18, 1624 – October 1, 1683) was an English-born merchant, silversmith, slave trader and politician who spent the majority of his life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. After arriving in North America, he worked as a silversmith in Boston before becoming the moneyer responsible for issuing the colony's pine tree shillings in the mid-17th century. Hull was also a successful merchant and engaged in slave-trading on multiple occasions. He was also an early benefactor of Harvard College and a co-founder of the Old South Church.

Old South Church
Old South Church (also known as New Old South Church or Third Church), is a historic United Church of Christ congregation in Boston, Massachusetts, first organized in 1669. Its present building at 645 Boylston Street in Copley Square, built on newly filled land in the Back Bay section of Boston, was completed in 1873. It was designed in the Gothic Revival style by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears, while the campanile was designed by the architects Allen & Collens and added between 1935 and 1937. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architectural significance as one of the finest High Victorian Gothic churches in New England. It is home to one of the oldest religious communities in the United States.
Mormugao taluka
Morumugao taluka is an administrative subdivision of South Goa district, Goa state, India, headquartered at Mormugao city. It is the state's only subdistrict to have all four modes of transport—air, road, rail, and sea.

Mormugao
Mormugao is a coastal town situated in the  eponymous subdistrict of Southern Goa state, India. It has a deep natural harbour and remains Goa's chief port.

Towards the end of the Indo-Portuguese era in 1917, thirty-one settlements were carved out of the Salcette territory, to form Mormugao with Mormugao seaport as its headquarters. The remaining thirty-five settlements were retained in Salcette which encompass the present-day Salcete taluka with Margao as its headquarters.
ESME-Sudria
48°42′30″N 2°09′50″E﻿ / ﻿48.70833°N 2.16389°E﻿ / 48.70833; 2.16389
The École Spéciale de Mécanique et d'Electricité (English: Special School of Mechanics and Electricity), also known as ESME Sudria is a French private grande école founded in 1905. It is a part of the IONIS Education Group.

Founded in 1905 by Joachim Sudria and certified by the State since 1922, the diploma is signed by the French Education Ministry and authorized by the "Commission des titres d'ingénieur". The ESME-Sudria is also member of the "Conférence des Grandes Écoles" and of the Union of Independent Grandes Écoles.

The school graduates students at different levels:

Bachelor of Science

Master of Engineering certified by the Order of Engineers

PhD (cooperation with University of Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée or University of Paris-Saclay)

Since 2006, the school has been part of the IONIS Institute of Technology from IONIS Education Group.

IONIS Education Group
IONIS Education Group is a private, for-profit, higher education group in France. It was created in 1980 and by 2023 had more than 35,000 students and 100,000 alumni. There are 29 further education colleges in the group.
Talkin' New York
"Talkin' New York" is the second song on Bob Dylan's eponymous first album, released in 1962. A talking blues, the song describes his feelings on arriving in New York City from Minnesota, his time playing coffee houses in Greenwich Village, and his life as a folksinger without a record deal. The lyrics express the apparent difficulty he had finding gigs as a result of his unique sound, with a character in the song telling Dylan: "You sound like a hillbilly; We want folk singers here."

The song was recorded on 20 November 1961 at Columbia Studio A, 799 Seventh Avenue, New York City, produced by John Hammond.

Bob Dylan (album)
Bob Dylan is the debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on March 19, 1962, by Columbia Records. The album was produced by Columbia talent scout John H. Hammond, who had earlier signed Dylan to the label, a controversial decision at the time. The album primarily features folk standards but also includes two original compositions, "Talkin' New York" and "Song to Woody". The latter was an ode to Woody Guthrie, a significant influence in Dylan's early career.

The album received little attention at first, but began to sell as Dylan's career progressed. Three years after its release, it charted in the UK, reaching No. 13.
Visa requirements for Serbian citizens
Visa requirements for Serbian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Republic of Serbia.

As of December 2025, Serbian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 140 countries and territories, ranking the Serbian passport 33th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index. Serbia is one of a handful of countries whose citizens may travel visa-free to the Schengen Area, China and Russia.

Serbian passport
Serbian passport (Serbian: Пасош Србије, romanized: Pasoš Srbije) is the primary document of international travel issued to nationals of Serbia. Passports are issued and renewed by the Serbian Police on behalf of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or, if the citizen resides abroad, by the Serbian diplomatic missions. Besides serving as proof of identity and of citizenship, it facilitates the process of securing assistance from Serbian consular officials abroad, if needed.

The Serbian biometric passports were introduced on 7 July 2008 and were handed out in the beginning of August in the same year. All outdated Yugoslav passports became invalid on 31 December 2011. Citizens can not have multiple Serbian passports at the same time.
Cholesbury
Cholesbury (recorded as Chelwardisbyry in the 13th century) is a village in the civil parish of Cholesbury-cum-St. Leonards, in Buckinghamshire, England, on the border with Hertfordshire. It is situated in the Chiltern Hills, about 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Wendover, 5 mi (8.0 km) north of Chesham and 5 mi (8.0 km) from Berkhamsted.

Cholesbury is one of four villages comprising Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards parish. Braziers End is a hamlet which has always been closely associated with Cholesbury.

It is a rural community and most local people rely for employment on neighbouring towns, the proximity of London and the availability of broadband technology.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
Madeleine Stowe
Madeleine Stowe (born August 18, 1958) is an American actress. She appeared mostly on television before her role in the 1987 crime-comedy film Stakeout. She went on to star in the films Revenge (1990), Unlawful Entry (1992), The Last of the Mohicans (1992), Blink (1993), 12 Monkeys (1995), The General's Daughter (1999), and We Were Soldiers (2002). For her role in the 1993 independent film Short Cuts, she won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress.

From 2011 to 2015, Stowe starred as Victoria Grayson, the main antagonist of the ABC drama series Revenge. For this role, she was nominated for the 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama. She also played Ingrid Kersh in the HBO series It: Welcome to Derry.

Short Cuts
Short Cuts is a 1993 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Altman. Filmed from a screenplay by Altman and Frank Barhydt, it is inspired by nine short stories and a poem by Raymond Carver. The film is set in Los Angeles, in contrast to the original Pacific Northwest backdrop of Carver's stories. Short Cuts traces the actions of 22 principal characters, both in parallel and at occasional loose points of connection.

The film features an ensemble cast including Matthew Modine, Julianne Moore, Fred Ward, Anne Archer, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Robert Downey Jr., Madeleine Stowe, Chris Penn, Jack Lemmon, Frances McDormand, Lori Singer, Andie MacDowell, Buck Henry, Lily Tomlin, actress and singer Annie Ross, and musicians Huey Lewis, Lyle Lovett, and Tom Waits.

The film won the Golden Lion at the 50th Venice International Film Festival in a tie with Three Colours: Blue by Krzysztof Kieślowski.
Cottenham
Cottenham is  a village in Cambridgeshire, England. Cottenham is one of the larger villages surrounding the city of Cambridge, located around five miles north of the city. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 6,095. Cottenham is one of a number of villages that make up the historical Fen Edge region in between Cambridge and Ely, which were originally settlements on the shore of the marshes close to the city of Cambridge, then an inland port.

Oakington
Oakington is a small rural village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Oakington and Westwick, in the South Cambridgeshire district, in the county of Cambridgeshire, England, dating back to Roman times. It is seven miles (11 km) north-west of Cambridge. In 1961 the parish had a population of 698.
D'Herbomez Creek
D'Herbomez Creek is a creek in eastern Mission, British Columbia, flowing southeast to join the Fraser River at the Pekw'Xe:yles Indian Reserve (formerly the grounds of St. Mary's Indian Residential School).

Pekw'Xe:yles
Pekw'Xe:yles or Peckquaylis /pɛkˈweɪlɪs/ is an Indian reserve on the north bank of the Fraser River in Mission, British Columbia, Canada, located between Lower Hatzic Slough and D'Herbomez Creek.

Pekw'Xe:yles is 10.3 hectares large. The Fraser Valley Child Development Centre has satellite offices on the reserve.
Blu Tack
Blu Tack is a reusable putty-like pressure-sensitive adhesive produced by Bostik, commonly used to attach lightweight objects (such as posters or sheets of paper) to walls, doors or other dry surfaces. Traditionally blue, it is also available in other colours. Generic versions of the product are also available from other manufacturers. The spelling now used is without a hyphen.

As of 2015, Bostik was manufacturing around 100 tonnes of Blu Tack weekly at its Leicester factory.

Bostik
Bostik is a manufacturer and distributor of adhesives and sealants for the construction, industrial and consumer markets. With annual sales of €2.7 billion in 2024, the company employs over 7,000 people and has a presence in more than 45 countries. Bostik is part of the French-based Arkema group.
BMW N55
The BMW N55 is a turbocharged straight-six petrol (gasoline) engine that began production in 2009. The N55 replaced the BMW N54 engine and was introduced in the F07 5 Series Gran Turismo.

The N55 was BMW's first straight-six engine to use a twin-scroll turbocharger. It also won three straight Ward's 10 Best Engines awards in 2011–2013.

Following the introduction of the BMW B58 engine in 2015, the N55 began to be phased out.

The BMW S55 engine is a high performance version of the N55 made by BMW M GmbH, which is used by the F80 M3, F82 M4 and F87 M2 Competition/CS.

BMW M2
The BMW M2 is a high-performance version of the BMW 2 Series automobile developed by BMW's motorsport division, BMW M GmbH. As the 2 Series replaced the 1 Series coupé and convertible models, the first-generation M2 was marketed as the most basic M model in the range.

The first-generation M2 used the F2x chassis from the 1 Series, codenamed F87 and featured the BMW N55 series engine, while its successors, the M2 Competition and M2 CS, featured a twin-turbocharged engine developed by BMW M GmbH (S55 engine).

The second-generation M2 uses the CLAR platform, codenamed G87, which it shares with the G80 M3 and G82 M4. It features the BMW S58 twin-turbocharged inline-six engine, developed by BMW M GmbH.
GLB1
Galactosidase, beta 1, also known as GLB1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GLB1 gene.

The GLB1 protein is a beta-galactosidase that cleaves the terminal beta-galactose from ganglioside substrates and other glycoconjugates. The GLB1 gene also encodes an elastin binding protein.

In corn (Zea mays), Glb1 is a gene coding for the storage protein globulin.

Elastin
Elastin is a protein encoded by the ELN gene in humans and several other animals. Elastin is a key component in the extracellular matrix of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). It is highly elastic and present in connective tissue of the body to resume its shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin helps skin return to its original position whence poked or pinched. Elastin is also in important load-bearing tissue of vertebrates and used in places where storage of mechanical energy is required.
Menggu Ziyun
Menggu Ziyun (Chinese: 蒙古字韻; lit. 'Mongol-script rime') is a 14th-century rime dictionary of Old Mandarin Chinese as written in the 'Phags-pa script that was used during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368).  The only surviving examplar of this dictionary is an 18th-century manuscript copy that belonged to Stephen Wootton Bushell (1844–1908), and is now held at the British Library (Or. 6972).  As the only known example of a 'Phags-pa script dictionary of Chinese, it is important both as an aid for interpreting Yuan dynasty texts and inscriptions written in Chinese using the 'Phags-pa script, and as a source for the reconstructed pronunciation of Old Mandarin.

Stephen Wootton Bushell
Stephen Wootton Bushell CMG MD (28 July 1844 – 19 September 1908) was an English physician and amateur Orientalist who made important contributions to the study of Chinese ceramics, Chinese coins and the decipherment of the Tangut script.
Mundre Ko Comedy Club
Mundre Ko Comedy Club was a Nepali stand-up comedy and talk show broadcast by Nepal Television. Hosted by Jeetu Nepal, the first season of the show had its premiere broadcast on 5 November 2018.  While the show ended on the 8th of November 2021. It was one of the most viewed television programs in Nepal. Season 3 is expected to premier on 16 March 2023.

Jeetu Nepal
Jeet Bahadur Nepal, also called Jitu Nepal (Nepali: जितु नेपाल), is a Nepali stand-up comedian, writer, actor and director. He started his television career with the show Twakka Tukka. He has acted in more than three dozen Nepali movies, including Cha Ekan Cha, Chhakka Panja, Chhakka Panja 2, and Chhakka Panja 3. He is well-known for his role as Mundre in the teleserial Jire Khursani. In 2018, he started a comedy and chat show named Mundre Ko Comedy Club. He is one of the most loved artists for his stage performance in Mahotsav and festival of Nepalese people in Nepal living abroad.
Air South (Georgia)
Air South was an airline from the United States. Founded as Nationwide Airlines Southeast in 1969, the company had its headquarters in St. Simons, Georgia. Out of its base at Atlanta Municipal Airport, Air South operated regional scheduled passenger flights within the southeastern US, using a small fleet of Fairchild F-27 and Martin 4-0-4 aircraft, as well as the Beechcraft Model 99.

In 1975, Air South was acquired by Florida Airlines and became a wholly owned subsidiary, along with Shawnee Airlines. Over the following years, Air South continued flight operations under its own branding. As a consequence of the Airline Deregulation Act, it was eventually shut down in 1978. Florida Airlines then operated as Florida Airlines and Air South until 1981.

Florida Airlines
Florida Airlines was a commuter airline based in Florida that operated from 1960 to 1982. It is said to have had the largest Douglas DC3 fleet in the world in 1976. Airline deregulation eventually resulted in the demise of the airline.  The company slogan was The Florida Connection.
Robert Halliday Gunning
Robert Halliday Gunning FRSE PRPSE FSA LLD (12 December 1818 – 22 March 1900) was a Scottish surgeon, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He did much to improve social conditions in Brazil and also became rich there. He endowed numerous prizes and awards including the Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prizes. The University of Edinburgh provides scholarships under the title of Gunning Victoria Jubilee Bursaries. He was a close friend of both Thomas Chalmers and Robert Christison.

Alexander Monro III
Alexander Monro III of Craiglockhart, FRSE FRCPE FSA (Scot) MWS (5 November 1773 – 10 March 1859), was a Scottish anatomist and medical educator at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. According to his detractors, Monro was an uninspired anatomist who did not compare with his brilliant father or grandfather as a teacher or scientist. His students included Charles Darwin who asserted that Monro "made his lectures on human anatomy as dull as he was himself."
Didinium
Didinium is a genus of unicellular ciliates with at least ten accepted species.  All are free-living carnivores.  Most are found in fresh and brackish water, but three marine species are known.  Their diet consists largely of Paramecium, although they will also attack and consume other ciliates.  Some species, such as D. gargantua, also feeds on non-ciliate protists, including dinoflagellates, cryptomonads, and green algae.

Paramecium
Paramecium (/ˌpærəˈmiːs(i)əm/ PARR-ə-MEE-s(ee-)əm, /-siəm/ -⁠see-əm, plural "paramecia" only when used as a vernacular name) is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. Paramecia are often abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, they have been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Paramecium species are commonly studied as model organisms of the ciliate group and have been characterized as the "white rats" of the phylum Ciliophora.
Jean-Louis Bianco
Jean-Louis Bianco (born 12 January 1943) is a French politician and civil servant who served as Minister of Social Affairs and Integration from 1991 to 1992 and Minister of Equipment, Transport and Housing from 1992 to 1993 under President François Mitterrand. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he was later elected to the National Assembly in 1997, where he represented the 1st constituency of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence for three terms. Bianco also held a number of local elective mandates at the municipal, departmental and regional level from 1992 to 2012.

Minister of Transport (France)
The Minister of Transport (French: Ministre des Transports) is a cabinet member in the Government of France.

The position was created in 1870 as a modification to the position of Minister of Public Works (Ministre des Travaux Publics), which had been established in 1830. It has frequently been combined with the position of Minister of Infrastructure (Ministre de l'Équipement), Minister of Housing (Ministre du Logement), Minister of Tourism (Ministre du Tourisme), Minister of Territorial Development (Ministre de l'Aménagement du territoire), as well as Minister of the Sea (Ministre de la Mer). Following the election of Nicolas Sarkozy as President of France in 2007, the Ministry of Transport, Public Works, Tourism and the Sea was absorbed by the Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable and Territorial Development.

The position holder in the Borne, Attal, and Barnier governments held the title of minister delegate (Ministre délégué aux Transports).