hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Europoort
Europoort (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈøːroːpoːrt], English: Eurogate, also "Europort") is an area of the Port of Rotterdam and the adjoining industrial area in the Netherlands. Being situated at Southside of the mouth of the rivers Rhine and Meuse with the hinterland consisting of the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium and partly France, Europoort is one of the world's busiest ports and considered a major entry to Europe. The port handled 12 million containers in 2015.

The Europoort area is very heavily industrialised with petrochemical refineries and storage tanks, bulk iron ore and coal handling as well as container and new motor vehicle terminals.

Europoort is situated on the South bank of the Nieuwe Waterweg, same as the Maasvlakte area. On the Northern bank of the Nieuwe Waterweg one could find Hook of Holland (in Dutch: Hoek van Holland).

Nieuwe Waterweg
51°56′31″N 4°11′29″E﻿ / ﻿51.94194°N 4.19139°E﻿ / 51.94194; 4.19139

The Nieuwe Waterweg ("New Waterway") is a ship canal in the Netherlands from het Scheur (a branch of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta) west of the town of Maassluis to the North Sea at Hook of Holland: the Maasmond, where the Nieuwe Waterweg connects to the Maasgeul. It is the artificial mouth of the river Rhine.

The Nieuwe Waterweg, which opened in 1872 and has a length of approximately 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi), was constructed to keep the city and port of Rotterdam accessible to seafaring vessels as the natural Meuse-Rhine branches silted up. The Waterway is a busy shipping route since it is the primary access to one of the busiest ports in the world, the Port of Rotterdam. At the entrance to the sea, a flood protection system called Maeslantkering has been installed (completed in 1997). There are no bridges or tunnels across the Nieuwe Waterweg.
Annular cutter
An annular cutter (also called a core drill, core cutter, broach cutter, trepanning drill, hole saw, or cup-type cutter) is a form of core drill used to create holes in metal. An annular cutter, named after the annulus shape, cuts only a groove at the periphery of the hole and leaves a solid core or slug at the center.

An annular cutter is a more expensive and efficient alternative to spiral drill bits and standard hole saws. An annular cutter is similar to a hole saw but differs in geometry and material. The two most common types are high-speed steel (HSS) and tungsten carbide tipped (TCT).

Like a hole saw, but unlike a spiral drill bit, an annular cutter cuts only the periphery of a hole, leaving a circular "slug" at the center.

Annular cutters are best used with a drill press or magnetic drilling machine, both for their stability against high torque forces created by such a drill bit and lower RPMs compared to other types of drills.

Magnetic drilling machine
A magnetic drilling machine is a portable drilling machine with a magnetic base (either electromagnetic or permanent magnet). It can use twist drill bits, annular cutters, milling cutters, and other rotary cutters. With suitable bits it can also tap threads, ream, and countersink. Its combination of a stable magnetic base and low RPM help resist or reduce torque forces created by large diameter bits. Magnetic drilling machines with reversible motor and variable speed controls can also perform operations like tapping, countersink and reaming. A magnetic drilling machine with a cross table base can also perform light milling.
Exanet
Exanet, Ltd. was an Israeli software company that provided scalable network-attached storage software solutions to partners.
Exanet software was hardware independent. Their clustered NAS software storage solution provided single-file system scalability, and was compatible with Linux, Mac, and Windows operating systems. After the company went into temporary receivership, on February 19, 2010 Exanet's intellectual property was acquired by Dell.

Network-attached storage
Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. In this context, the term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized computer appliance device unit built for such functionality – a NAS appliance or NAS box. NAS contrasts with block-level, storage area networks (SAN) and direct-attached storage (DAS).
Wilhelm Haarmann
Gustav Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Haarmann (24 May 1847 – 6 March 1931) was a German chemist and together with Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann as scientific consultant founded the Haarmann & Reimer chemical plant for the production of vanillin.

Beginning in 1866, Haarmann studied at the Mining academy Clausthal later he changed to the University of Göttingen. He joined August Wilhelm von Hofmann 1869 at the University of Berlin. He received his PhD in Göttingen 1872. Together with  Ferdinand Tiemann, both working with Hoffmann, Haarmann founded 1875 Haarmann's Vanillinfabrik, producing vanillin from coniferin. The Reimer-Tiemann reaction discovered by Karl Reimer opened an alternative path to vanillin and Reimer joined the company which was renamed to Haarmann & Raimer.

Haarmann & Raimer was bought by the Bayer AG in 1953 and became an independent company again in 2003 under the name Symrise.

Symrise
Symrise AG is a German chemicals company that is a major producer of cosmetic ingredients, flavours and fragrances with sales of €4.999 billion in 2024. Major competitors include Givaudan, Takasago International Corporation, International Flavors and Fragrances and Döhler. Symrise is a member of the European Flavour Association. In 2021, Symrise was ranked 4th by FoodTalks' Global Top 50 Food Flavours and Fragrances Companies list.
Ernest Malinowski
Adam Stanisław Hipolit Ernest Nepomucen Malinowski (5 January 1818 – 2 March 1899; Spanish: Adam Estanislao Hipólito Ernesto Nepomuceno Malinowski) was a Polish civil engineer best known for constructing the world's highest railway at the time, the Ferrovias Central, in the Peruvian Andes between 1871–1876 . He participated in the Battle of Callao in 1866 and was also a corresponding member of the Polish Museum in Rapperswil Society in Switzerland.

Ferrocarril Central Andino
Ferrocarril Central Andino (reporting mark FCCA) is the consortium that operates the Ferrovías Central railway in Peru, linking the Pacific port of Callao and the capital Lima with Huancayo and Cerro de Pasco. As one of the Trans-Andean Railways, it is the second highest in the world constructed by the Polish engineer Ernest Malinowski in 1871–1876.
Merchant Mariner's Document
Under the Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958, countries with a merchant navy (also called a merchant marine) require identifying credentials for their mariners. The Merchant Mariner's Document (MMD) or Z-card in the United States, and the Ordinary Seaman's Certificate in the United Kingdom are examples of these credentials.

Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958
Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958 is  an International Labour Organization convention concerning Merchant Mariner's Document.

It was established in 1958, with the preamble stating:

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the reciprocal or international recognition of seafarers' national identity cards,...

An identity document issued under the convention or its successor is colloquially called a Seaman's Book or a Seaman's Card.
BEST theorem
In graph theory, a part of discrete mathematics, the BEST theorem gives a product formula for the number of Eulerian circuits in directed (oriented) graphs.  The name is an acronym of the names of people who discovered it: N. G. de Bruijn, Tatyana van Aardenne-Ehrenfest, Cedric Smith and W. T. Tutte.

Tatyana van Aardenne-Ehrenfest
Tatyana Pavlovna van Aardenne-Ehrenfest (née Ehrenfest; October 28, 1905 – November 29, 1984) was a Dutch mathematician. She is known for her contributions to De Bruijn sequences, low-discrepancy sequences, and the BEST theorem.
Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway
The Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway  (Malay: Lebuhraya Kuala Lumpur–Seremban, Chinese: 隆芙大道) is a main expressway in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This 8.1 km (5.0 mi) expressway links Kuala Lumpur in the north to Seremban, Negeri Sembilan in the south.

Some maps label this highway as E2 as it links directly with the North–South Expressway Southern Route; however this appellation is not strictly correct as this particular stretch of road is not managed by PLUS Malaysia Berhad, but rather by ANIH Berhad (formerly known as Metramac Corporation (MetaCorp)). Consequently, the toll rate at Sungai Besi Toll Plaza had included an extra payment to cover the Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway until 2018, when the toll was abolished.

In 2007, the expressway was assigned its own route number of E37 together with Salak Expressway.

North–South Expressway Southern Route
The North–South Expressway Southern Route (Malay: Lebuhraya Utara–Selatan Jajaran Selatan) is an interstate controlled-access highway running parallel to the southwestern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The expressway forms the south section of the North–South Expressway, connecting the states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca and Johor. It begins at Seri Kembangan, near the state/territory boundary between Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, and travels southwards to end at Pandan-Tebrau in Johor.

The expressway is the third longest in Peninsular Malaysia, after its northern counterpart and the East Coast Expressway.

The Kilometre Zero of the entire expressway is located at the Pandan Interchange with the Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway.
Ilchester
Ilchester is a village and civil parish, situated on the River Yeo or Ivel, five miles (eight kilometres) north of Yeovil, in the English county of Somerset. Originally a Roman town, and later a market town, Ilchester has a rich medieval history and was a notable settlement in the county; around the 12th and 13th centuries it was effectively the county town. It had, however, declined in size and importance by the beginning of the 18th century, and the last markets were held in 1833. In 1889 the historic corporation that had governed the town (the Bailiff and Burgesses) was dissolved.

Ilchester is alternatively called Ivelchester (after the River Ivel) and previously an electoral ward of South Somerset District Council was named Ivelchester.

River Yeo (South Somerset)
The River Yeo, also known as the River Ivel, is a tributary of the River Parrett in north Dorset and south Somerset, England.

The river's names derive from the Celtic river-name gifl 'forked river'.  The name Yeo appears to have been influenced by Old English ēa 'river'.

The river rises in the North Dorset Downs region.  It flows through the town of Sherborne and Sherborne Lake in north Dorset, and the Somerset towns of Yeovil, Yeovilton and Ilchester, to which it gives its name, and joins the River Parrett near Langport.  For a few miles east of Yeovil, it forms the county boundary between Somerset and Dorset.

The river is navigable for light craft for 8 miles (13 km) from the Parrett to Ilchester.

The Yeo's tributaries include the River Gascoigne, which rises near Milborne Wick and joins the Yeo near Sherborne, the River Wriggle, Trent Brook, Hornsey Brook, the River Cam and Bearley Brook.
Kartar Singh Jhabbar
Kartar Singh Jhabbar (September 1874 – 20 November 1962) was a Sikh leader known for his role in the Gurdwara Reform Movement of the 1920s. He is remembered for his campaign that successfully led to the establishment of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee in 1920. Jhabbar was a toponym used as his alias.

Akali movement
The Akali movement (IPA: /əˈkɑːli/; known in Punjabi as the Ākali Morcha), also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a set of campaigns to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC).

The Akalis also participated in the Indian independence movement against the British Government, and supported the non-cooperation movement against them.
J. C. Seaman
Joseph Carryl Seaman Sr., known as J.C. Seaman (December 8, 1898 – June 14, 1964), was a five-term member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Waterproof in Tensas Parish in northeast Louisiana, having served from 1944 to 1964.

Tensas Parish, Louisiana
Tensas Parish (French: Paroisse des Tensas) is a parish located in the northeastern section of the State of Louisiana; its eastern border is the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,147. It is the least populated parish in Louisiana. The parish seat is St. Joseph. The name Tensas is derived from the historic indigenous Taensa people. The parish was founded in 1843 following Indian Removal.

The parish was developed for cotton agriculture, which dominated the economy through the early 20th century. There has also been some cattle ranching in the 1930s and timber extraction.
PontAuRail
PontAuRail was a voluntary association created in 1995 to run trains between Pont-Audemer and Honfleur in France. The group comprised approximately fifty voluntary members, of which twenty were active.
An agreement, une convention signée, allowed PontAuRail to use the line between Pont-Audemer and Honfleur on request on Saturdays, Sundays and bank holidays.

The trip along the Risle valley lasted fifty-five minutes, including manoeuvres; closing of the semi-automatic level crossings in Pont-Audemer and shunting in Honfleur.

The PontAuRail group was disbanded in 2006 and the railway line was abandoned.

Pont-Audemer station
Gare de Pont-Audemer is a former railway station in the market town of Pont-Audemer, Eure in Upper Normandy. The station is on the railway line from Paris-Saint-Lazare to Honfleur via Brionne.

The CF de l'Ouest company built the line from Glos-Montfort and opened it on 23 August 1867, with an extension to Honfleur opened 8 August 1889. The line closed in 1977 but the station remained open as a ticket office as well as a headquarters for PontAuRail from 1995 to the end of the association in September 2006.

49°21′5″N 0°30′57″E﻿ / ﻿49.35139°N 0.51583°E﻿ / 49.35139; 0.51583
Monier Ventilation Shaft 2
Monier Ventilation Shaft 2 is a heritage-listed ventilation shaft at 134 St Paul's Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Joseph Monier and built c. 1904. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1998.

Monier Ventilation Shaft 1
Monier Ventilation Shaft 1 is a heritage-listed ventilation shaft at 500 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Joseph Monier and built c. 1904. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1998.
Derin Erdoğan
Derin Erdoğan  (born 28 June 2002) is a Turkish female basketball player. The 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) tall  national plays point guard. Currently, she plays for Northeastern Huskies in the U.S. She was part of the Turkey U-16, Turkey U-18 and Turkey U-20 teams before she was admitted to the Turkey  team.

Turkey women's national basketball team
The Turkey women's national basketball team is the women's basketball side that represents Turkey in international tournaments. They have come away from the EuroBasket tournaments with a silver medal in 2011 and bronze medal in 2013.
Doug Yeabsley
Douglas Ian Yeabsley (born 3 January 1942), is a former cricketer who represented the Minor Counties and, particularly, Devon County Cricket Club from 1959 to 1990, a span of 31 years. Yeabsley played a role in a victory for Minor Counties over the visiting Australian cricket team in 1977.

He also played top class rugby union: "as a back-row forward for Harlequins for many years", and, as a flanker, for Saracens  and Hertfordshire. Away from sport, he taught chemistry at Haberdashers' Aske's School.

Haberdashers' Boys' School
Haberdashersʼ Boysʼ School (formerly Haberdashersʼ Askeʼs Boysʼ School) is a 4–18 boys public school in Elstree, Hertfordshire, England. It is a member of the Headmastersʼ and Headmistressesʼ Conference.

The school was founded in 1690 by a Royal Charter granted to the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers to establish a hospital for 20 boarders with £32,000 from the legacy of Robert Aske (equivalent to approximately £5m in 2019).

The school relocated from its original site in Hoxton in 1874, eventually (1961) moving to 104 acres of green belt countryside in Elstree. The house names in the preparatory and pre–preparatory schools represent the patron saints of the four countries of the United Kingdom –  England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

It sits on the same site as the Haberdashers' Girls' School.
Paul Naimanhye
Paul Moses Samson Naimanhye (born 24 December 1960) is an Anglican bishop in Uganda: since 2016 he has been the Bishop of Busoga after replacing Michael Kyomya. He was consecrated on 24th January 2016.

Naimanhye was educated at Uganda Christian University where he obtained a Bachelors degree in Divinity. His last post before becoming a bishop was as Dean of Christ's Cathedral, Bugembe.

Anglican dioceses of Eastern Uganda
The Anglican dioceses of Eastern Uganda are the Anglican presence in (roughly) the Eastern Region, Uganda; they are part of the Church of Uganda. The remaining dioceses of the Church are in the areas of Buganda, of Northern Uganda, of Ankole and Kigezi, and of Rwenzori.
Lower Seletar Reservoir
Lower Seletar Reservoir (Chinese: 实里达蓄水池下段 ; Malay: Takungan Air Seletar Bawah) is a reservoir located in the northern part of Singapore in the Lower Seletar subzone, located in Yishun New Town. The reservoir has a surface area of 3.6 km², and a capacity of 9.5 million m³. The mean depth of the reservoir is 2 m, with a maximum depth of 5.5 m. The shoreline length is 14.3 km.

Lower Seletar, Singapore
Lower Seletar is a subzone of Yishun, Singapore. It is bounded by Yishun Avenue 1/4 and Yishun Street 41/51 to the north, Seletar Expressway and Seletar West Link to the south, Yishun Avenue 1 to the east and Lentor Avenue to the west.
Equiano (crater)
Equiano is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 102 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Equiano is named for the abolitionist writer Olaudah Equiano, who lived from 1750 to 1797.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Equiano has patches of bright material near its central peak, and these may be hollows.

To the northeast of Equiano is Mofolo crater, and to the northwest is Neumann crater.

Higher resolution view showing the hollows around the central peak

Neumann (left foreground), Equiano (right), and Mofolo (upper left) craters. The crater in upper right is unnamed.

Neumann (crater)
Neumann is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 120 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Neumann is named for the German architect Johann Balthasar Neumann, who lived from 1687 to 1753.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

To the east of Neumann is Mofolo crater, and to the southeast is Equiano crater.  To the southwest are the Mirni Rupes.

Neumann (left foreground), Equiano (right), and Mofolo (upper left) craters. The crater in upper right is unnamed.
President of Romania
The president of Romania (Romanian: Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania. The president is directly elected by a two-round system, and, following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, serves for five years. An individual may serve two terms that may be consecutive. During their term in office, the president may not be a formal member of a political party. The president of Romania is the supreme commander of the Romanian Armed Forces.

The office of president was created in 1974 when communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu elevated the presidency of the State Council to a fully fledged executive presidency. It took its current form in stages after the Romanian Revolution, culminating in adopting Romania's current constitution in 1991.

Nicușor Dan is the 6th and current president since 26 May 2025.

Constitution of Romania
The current Constitution of Romania is the seventh permanent constitution in modern Romania's history. It is the fundamental governing document of Romania that establishes the structure of its government, the rights and obligations of citizens, and its mode of passing laws. It stands as the basis of the legitimacy of the Romanian government. Adopted on 21 November 1991, it was approved on 8 December 1991 in a national referendum and promulgated on the same day.

The constitution was amended once by a referendum on 18 October 2003. The new text took effect on 29 October 2003.
Stanley G. Payne
Stanley George Payne (born September 9, 1934) is an American historian of modern Spain and European fascism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He retired from full-time teaching in 2004 and is currently Professor Emeritus at its Department of History. His works on the Spanish Civil War and the Francoist period received various estimates: while by the 1980s he had earned the reputation of "America's most prolific historian of Spain", in the 21st century his later works became known for their "revisionist" approach and received criticism from  some historians as overly benevolent towards Francoism and spreading Francoist narratives. However, other historians have praised Payne's work in the 21st century. In 2018, Julius Ruiz praised Payne's 2017 work Alcala Zamora and the Failure of the Spanish Republic.

Roger Griffin
Roger David Griffin (born 31 January 1948) is a British professor of modern history and political theorist at Oxford Brookes University, England. His principal interest is the socio-historical and ideological dynamics of fascism, as well as various forms of political or religious fanaticism.
Pledge drive
A pledge drive is an extended period of fundraising activities, generally used by public broadcasting stations to increase contributions. The term "pledge" originates from the promise that a contributor makes to send in funding at regular intervals for a certain amount of time. During a pledge drive, regular and special programming is followed by on-air appeals for pledges by station employees, who ask the audience to make their contributions, usually by phone or the Internet, during this break.

Pledge drives are typically held two to four times annually, at calendar periods which vary depending on the scheduling designated by the local public broadcasting station.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.