hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Carroll (general)
Lieutenant General Joseph Francis Carroll (March 19, 1910 – January 20, 1991) was the founding director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the first commander of the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI or OSI).

Air Force Office of Special Investigations
The Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI or AFOSI) is a U.S. federal law enforcement agency that reports directly to the Secretary of the Air Force. OSI is also a U.S. Air Force field operating agency under the administrative guidance and oversight of the Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force. By federal statute, OSI provides independent criminal investigative, counterintelligence and protective service operations worldwide and outside of the traditional military chain of command. Proactively, OSI identifies, investigates, and neutralizes serious criminal, terrorist, and espionage threats to personnel and resources of the Air Force, Space Force, and the U.S. Department of Defense, with a goal of protecting the national security of the United States.
Vestibulocochlear nerve
The vestibulocochlear nerve or auditory vestibular nerve, also known as the eighth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VIII, or simply CN VIII, is a cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. Through olivocochlear fibers, it also transmits motor and modulatory information from the superior olivary complex in the brainstem to the cochlea.

Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, in humans making 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus. A core component of the cochlea is the organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating the fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea.
Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani
Abū Mūsā ʿĪsā ibn al-Shaykh ibn al-Salīl al-Dhuhlī al-Shaybānī (Arabic: أبو موسى عيسى بن الشيخ بن السليل الذهلي الشيباني; died 882/83) was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe. Taking advantage of the domestic turmoil of the Abbasid Caliphate, he created a semi-independent Bedouin state in Palestine and southern Syria in ca. 867–870, before an Abbasid army forced him to exchange his domains with the governorship of Armenia and Diyar Bakr. In Armenia, he struggled to contain the rising power of the Christian princes, but after failing to suppress the revolt of one of his own subordinates, he abandoned the country and returned to his native Jazira. There he spent his last years until his death in a struggle with a rival strongman, the ruler of Mosul Ishaq ibn Kundajiq.

Banu Shayban
The Banu Shayban (Arabic: بنو شيبان, romanized: Banū Shaybān) is an Arab tribe, a branch of the Banu Bakr. In pre-Islamic times, they were the most important force of the Banu Bakr tribe in defeating the Persians at the Battle of Dhi Qar.

Throughout the early Islamic era, the tribe was settled chiefly in al-Jazira Province and played an important role in its history.
Wood End, Kingsbury, Warwickshire
Wood End is a former Pit village in North Warwickshire, England. It lies to the south east of Tamworth and close to the border with Staffordshire. It grew around the former Kingsbury Colliery but now it serves as a commuter village to Tamworth. It has a church, a primary school, a co-operative store, a working men's club and a village hall. The population of Wood End is 2,205, but from the 2011 Census has been included in Kingsbury.

Kingsbury, Warwickshire
Kingsbury is a large village and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of the county of Warwickshire, in the West Midlands region of England. The civil parish population at the 2021 census was 7,562.

The village is situated close to the Staffordshire border between Tamworth and Birmingham, which is 5.5 miles (9 km) to the north, and overlooks the River Tame.  The A51 to Chester starts from here; as does the A4097, which runs through Curdworth and Minworth before joining the A38.  This continues to Junction 6 of the M6 (Spaghetti Junction) giving access to the motorway network of the Midlands and the City of Birmingham. Kingsbury is notable for the Kingsbury Water Park, a shooting range and a large oil storage depot to the north-east. The church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul dates from the 12th century and is a grade II* listed building.
Walk On (Boston album)
Walk On is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Boston, released on June 7, 1994, by MCA Records. It is the band's only album to date not to feature vocalist Brad Delp, though he did assist as a songwriter. Vocal duties were handled by Fran Cosmo, making this his first appearance on a Boston album. Delp and Cosmo shared leads during the album's supporting tour and the album's follow-up Corporate America. It is Boston's final album to be released by MCA.

Corporate America
Corporate America is the fifth studio album by American hard rock band Boston, released in 2002. It is the first album to feature band members Anton Cosmo and Kimberley Dahme, the last album released in vocalist Brad Delp's lifetime (though he would posthumously appear on the band's following album Life, Love & Hope), the second and final album with vocalist Fran Cosmo, and the only album released by Artemis Records.

Corporate America received mixed reviews, with critics praising the production values but describing the songs as lackluster. It was also a commercial disappointment, failing to chart outside U.S. and Japan. The low sales led to a lawsuit by the band's guitarist Tom Scholz against Artemis. Due to the lawsuit, the album is currently out of print and is not featured on any streaming platforms or other digital music services. A 48-date North American tour was launched on June 6, 2003.
Dynatron Radio
Dynatron Radio Ltd was the trade name used by H.Hacker & Sons for their wireless products. The firm started trading in 1927 and operated independently until being bought by Ekco in 1955. The rights to the Dynatron name are currently held by Roberts Radio. Dynatron was also a successful business with making record players; most of them were made in the sixties and seventies. Priced in the pro-sumer market sector, the average household would have had to save the equivalent of three weeks salary to buy one.

EKCO
EKCO (abbreviated from Eric Kirkham Cole Limited) was a British electronics company founded by Eric Kirkham Cole CBE in Southend-on-Sea during 1924. The company started out by making radio sets, before progressing onto television sets and lighting. The company's knowledge of radio saw it expand into developing radar before and during World War II. The company expanded into making its own plastic bodies for radio sets, with EKCO Plastics later becoming a manufacturer of domestic wares. The company merged in 1960 with Pye to become British Electronic Industries Ltd, which was purchased by Dutch firm Philips in 1967, with the EKCO brand disappearing from brown goods during the 1970s.
Jay Garner
Jay Montgomery Garner (born April 15, 1938) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who in 2003 was appointed as Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, making him the immediate replacement of Saddam Hussein as the de facto chief civilian administrator of Iraq. Garner was soon replaced by Ambassador Paul Bremer and the ambassador's successor organization to ORHA, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA).

Paul Bremer
Lewis Paul Bremer III (born September 30, 1941) is a retired American diplomat. He was the second de facto chief civilian administrator of Iraq as leader of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) following the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States, from May 2003 until June 2004.
Customer support
Customer support is a range of services to assist customers in making cost effective and correct use of a product. It includes assistance in planning, installation, training, troubleshooting, maintenance, upgrading, and disposal of a product. Regarding technology products such as mobile phones, televisions, computers, software products or other electronic or mechanical goods, it is termed technical support. It aims to ensure users can effectively operate the product and resolve any issues that may arise throughout its lifecycle.

Technical support
Technical support, commonly shortened as tech support, is a form of customer service provided to assist users in resolving problems with products such as consumer electronics and software. Technical support is typically delivered through call centers, online chat, and email services. In addition, many companies operate online forums or discussion boards where customers can provide peer-to-peer assistance, a practice shown to reduce the workload and costs of formal support channels.
Port Huron Civic Theatre
The Port Huron Civic Theatre (formerly Port Huron Little Theatre) is a historical theatre which started in 1956 in the town of Port Huron, Michigan. For sixteen years, PHLT brought 84 productions to the McMorran Place Theatre stage. In 1976, the theatre purchased and renovated an old church in town for a place of their own. However, in 1983 the theatre returned to McMorran Place Theatre for the larger atmosphere. In 1989, the theatre changed the name to Port Huron Civic Theatre to "better reflect a growing, county-wide membership".

The theatre's board elected to produce "Game Night", the first original play to be produced by the group in its then 55-year term. Produced in the spring of 2011, the play was written by Port Huron resident Jeremy Stemen.

McMorran Place
McMorran Place is an entertainment complex in Port Huron, Michigan consisting of a 4,800-seat multi-purpose arena and a theater. It was designed by Alden B. Dow and built in 1960 for $3.5 million (equivalent to $37.2 million in 2024). The exterior of the complex is faced with red brick with limestone accents.
IMPRESS
The Independent Monitor for the Press (Impress, stylized as IMPRESS) is an independent press regulator in the UK. It was the first to be recognised by the Press Recognition Panel. Impress regulates over 200 titles, consisting of a variety of independent local, investigative and special interest news publications across the UK. No national newspaper has signed up to the new regulator; most continue to be members of the unrecognised IPSO. Its founder is Jonathan Heawood and its current Chief Executive is Lexie Kirkconnell-Kawana.

Press Recognition Panel
The Press Recognition Panel (PRP) was created on 3 November 2014 by the Royal Charter on self-regulation of the press.

The PRP was established following the Leveson Inquiry (2011–2012), a judicial public inquiry chaired by Lord Justice Leveson into the culture, practices and ethics of the British press following the News International phone hacking scandal.

The PRP's function is to carry out activities relating to the recognition of press regulators.

The new system of independent press regulation received all-party support when it was devised. The system was designed to protect the public as well as promote the freedom of the press.

In October 2016, IMPRESS became the UK's first recognised press regulator, after its application was approved by the independent PRP Board.
Anavra
Anavra (Greek: Ανάβρα) is a village and a former community in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part of the municipality Almyros, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 121.859 km2. According to the census of 2021, the population of Anavra was 405 citizens.  The village of Anavra is located on the west side of Mount Othrys, at a height of 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level, 72 kilometres (45 mi) from Magnesia's administrative center of Volos and close to the border of Phthiotis. The Enipeas river, which is a tributary of the Pineios, starts at the springs of Anavra and passes through the village for two kilometres.

According to mythology, Anavra is connected with livestock activities. Almost all the inhabitants are employed in farming and herding.

Almyros
Almyros or Halmyros (Greek: Αλμυρός, romanized: Almyrós, lit. 'salty') is a town and a municipality of the regional unit of Magnesia, region of Thessaly, Greece. It lies in the center of prosperous fertile plain known as 'Krokio Pedio', which is crossed by torrents. Almyros is an important agricultural and commercial center of Magnesia, and is also developing as a tourist center for the area. The main agricultural products are tomatoes, cotton, wheat, almonds, peanuts and pistachio nuts.
Schmerling Caves
The Schmerling Caves (also known as Grottes d'Engis, meaning Engis Caves) are a group of caves located in Wallonia on the right bank of the stream called the Awirs, near the village of Awirs in Flémalle, Belgium. The caves are notable for their past fossil finds, particularly of hominins. They were explored in 1829 by Philippe-Charles Schmerling, who discovered, in the lower cave, the remains of two individuals, one of which, now known as Engis 2, was a fossil of the first Neanderthal ever found; the other was a Neolithic homo sapiens. Also known as Trô Cwaheur or Trou Caheur, this lower cave has since collapsed. A third cave was destroyed because of work on the adjacent quarry, the Ancienne Carrière des Awirs.

The caves have been classified on the list of Cultural Heritage of Wallonia sites since 1978, as well as Exceptional Cultural Heritage of Wallonia since 2013, because of the Neanderthal fossil.

Engis 2
Engis 2 refers to part of an assemblage, discovered in 1829 by Dutch/Belgian physician and naturalist Philippe-Charles Schmerling in the lower of the Schmerling Caves. The pieces that make up Engis 2 are a partially preserved calvaria (cranium) and associated fragments of an upper and a lower jaw, a maxillary bone and an upper incisor tooth of a two to three year old Neanderthal child. The Schmerling Caves are situated just north of the Belgian municipality Engis, whence the name of this group. In 1833 Schmerling described and publicized the find, which included animal bones and stone tools. Recognizing their old age, he associated them with the "Ethiopian Type" of the diluvial period. Although it was not recognized as such until 1936, the publication represents the first scientific description of a Neanderthal fossil.
Leigh-on-Sea railway station
Leigh-on-Sea railway station is on the London, Tilbury and Southend line, serving the town of Leigh-on-Sea, Essex. It is 32 miles 43 chains (52.4 km) down the main line from London Fenchurch Street via Basildon and it is situated between Benfleet to the west and Chalkwell to the east. Its three-letter station code is LES.

It was originally opened as Leigh by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway on 1 July 1855, being renamed Leigh-on-Sea on 1 October 1904, but was rebuilt by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on a new site, 880 yards (805 m) to the west, opening on 1 January 1934. The station and all trains serving it are currently operated by c2c.

Chalkwell railway station
Chalkwell railway station is on the London, Tilbury and Southend line, serving the locality of Chalkwell in Southend-on-Sea, Essex. It is 33 miles 69 chains (54.5 km) down the main line from London Fenchurch Street via Basildon and it is situated between Leigh-on-Sea to the west and Westcliff to the east. Its three-letter station code is CHW. The station and all trains serving it are currently operated by c2c.
Natalie Tennant
Natalie E. Tennant (born December 25, 1967) is an American politician who served as the Secretary of State of West Virginia from 2009 to 2017. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Tennant was the 2014 Democratic Party nominee for West Virginia's open U.S. Senate seat, which she lost to Republican Shelley Moore Capito.  In 2016 she was defeated for re-election by Republican Mac Warner, and left office on January 16, 2017. In a historic win in 2024,  Tennant was elected as the first female commissioner on the Kanawha County Commission in its 236 years.

Prior to her election as secretary of state, Tennant was a television reporter and co-owner of a video production company.

Shelley Moore Capito
Shelley Wellons Moore Capito (/ˈkæpɪtoʊ/ KAP-ih-toh; born November 26, 1953) is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from West Virginia. A member of the Republican Party, Capito served from 2001 to 2015 as the U.S. representative from West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. She is the daughter of three-term West Virginia governor and six-term U.S. representative Arch Alfred Moore Jr.

Capito was first elected to the Senate in 2014, becoming the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate from West Virginia and the first West Virginia Republican to win a full term in the Senate since 1942. She was reelected in 2020.

Capito has chaired the Environment and Public Works Committee since 2025, and is the dean of West Virginia's congressional delegation.
Ubuntu Software Center
Ubuntu Software Center, or simply Software Center, is a discontinued high-level graphical front end for the APT/dpkg package management system. It is free software written in Python, PyGTK/PyGObject based on GTK.

The program was created for adding and managing repositories, as well as Ubuntu Personal Package Archives (PPA) and on Ubuntu, the Ubuntu Software Center also allowed users to purchase commercial applications.

Development was ended in 2015 and in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. It was replaced with GNOME Software.

APT (software)
Advanced Package Tool (APT) is a free-software user interface that works with core libraries to handle the installation and removal of software on Debian and Debian-based Linux distributions. APT simplifies the process of managing software on Unix-like computer systems by automating the retrieval, configuration and installation of software packages, either from precompiled files or by compiling source code.
Unit disk graph
In geometric graph theory, a unit disk graph is the intersection graph of a family of unit disks in the Euclidean plane. That is, it is a graph with one vertex for each disk in the family, and with an edge between two vertices whenever the corresponding vertices lie within a unit distance of each other.

They are commonly formed from a Poisson point process, making them a simple example of a random structure.

Intersection graph
In graph theory, an intersection graph is a graph that represents the pattern of intersections of a family of sets. Any graph can be represented as an intersection graph, but some important special classes of graphs can be defined by the types of sets that are used to form an intersection representation of them.
Ohio State Route 186
State Route 186 (SR 186) is a north–south state highway in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Traveling through mostly rural areas, State Route 186 has its southern terminus at a T-intersection with the U.S. Route 224/State Route 15 concurrency nearly 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-southeast of McComb.  Following a 1-mile (1.6 km) long concurrency with State Route 235 into McComb, State Route 186 arrives at its northern terminus at its junction with State Route 613.  North of State Route 613, State Route 235 carries on as a solo route.

Ohio State Route 235
State Route 235 (SR 235) is a 133.2-mile-long (214.4 km) north–south state highway in the western portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Its southern terminus is at US 68 near the small town of Oldtown just north of Xenia, and its northern terminus is at State Route 65 at the Maumee River nearly 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Grand Rapids, west of Otsego.

Prior to late 1968, SR 235's northern terminus was at an intersection with State Route 4 and then State Route 69, which ran from downtown Dayton northward to State Route 65.  With the reconstruction of SR 4/SR 69 to a high speed thoroughfare from I-75 to I-70, SR 69 southwards was discontinued, and northwards from the intersection was renumbered as an almost 200 mile northern extension of SR 235. According to the Ohio Department of Transportation District 7, this renumbering occurred because the number 69 has certain sexual meanings in popular culture, and the signs kept getting stolen.
Goat Island (Auckland)
Goat Island or Te Hāwere-a-Maki is a tiny island (approximately 1 hectare or 2.5 acres) in New Zealand located close to the North Island coast, north of Auckland, northeast of Warkworth, and directly west of Little Barrier Island. It is within Cape Rodney-Okakari Point Marine Reserve, New Zealand's first marine reserve.

Cape Rodney-Okakari Point Marine Reserve
Cape Rodney-Okakari Point Marine Reserve is a 5.5 km2 (2.1 sq mi) protected area in the North Island of New Zealand. All fishing, and the removal or disturbing of marine life or materials, is forbidden within the reserve.

The reserve covers an area of 547 ha (1,350 acres), extending from Cape Rodney to Okakari Point, extending 800m offshore. Te Hāwere-a-Maki / Goat Island lies within the reserve and Leigh is the closest town. It was created in 1975 as the first marine reserve in New Zealand.

Auckland University operates Leigh Marine Laboratory at the reserve. Laboratory scientists have scientific equipment around the reserve to study how marine ecosystems function.
NA49 experiment
The NA49 experiment ("North Area experiment 49") was a particle physics experiment that investigated the properties of quark–gluon plasma. The experiment's synonym was Ions/TPC-Hadrons. It took place in the North Area of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN from 1991-2002.

The experiment used a large-acceptance hadron detector (a time projection chamber) to investigate reactions induced by the collision of various heavy ions (such as those of lead) on targets made of a variety of elements. The purpose of NA49 was to study the production of charged hadrons and neutral strange particles to search for the prediction of the deconfinement transition by the lattice QCD.

The NA49 experiment was the follow-up to the NA35 experiment, and was approved on 18 September 1991. The experiment began taking data in November 1994 and was completed on 19 October 2002. It was succeeded by the NA61 experiment (SHINE). The spokespersons for the experiment are Peter Seyboth and Reinhard Stock.

NA35 experiment
The NA35 experiment was a particle physics experiment that took place in the North Area of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. It used a streamer chamber with comprehensive hadronic and electromagnetic calorimetry. This experiment was used to observe the properties of nucleus-nucleus collisions at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon, to understand the degree of stopping and thermalization, determine the energy densities achievable in those conditions, and to measure other related properties and quantities.

The first signature of quark–gluon plasma was observed by the NA35 experiment in 1995.

The NA35 experiment was approved on 03 February 1983 and completed on 31 May 1999. It was succeeded by the NA49 experiment. The spokesperson for the experiment was Peter Seyboth.
Alfa Romeo 164
The Alfa Romeo 164 (Type 164) is a four-door executive saloon manufactured and marketed by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1987 to 1998, styled by Pininfarina, and cooperatively designed and sharing platforms and numerous elements with the Fiat Croma, Saab 9000 and Lancia Thema.

The 164 succeeded the Alfa Romeo 90 and Alfa 6. The 164 was followed by the 166 in 1998, after a combined production total of 273,857 units.

The 164 was also the last Alfa Romeo officially sold in the United States until the 2015 launch of the Alfa Romeo Giulia. Alfa Romeo withdrew after the 1995 model year due to reliability concerns and slow sales.

Fiat Croma
The Fiat Croma name was used for two distinct large family cars by  Fiat, one a five door liftback manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine-year hiatus, a crossover station wagon manufactured and marketed from 2004 to 2010.