hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tenshō (Momoyama period)
Tenshō (天正) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year" name) after Genki and before Bunroku.  This period spanned the years from July 1573 through December 1592 during the Sengoku era.  The reigning emperors were Ōgimachi-tennō (正親町天皇) and Go-Yōzei-tennō (後陽成天皇).

Emperor Go-Yōzei
Emperor Go-Yōzei (後陽成天皇, Go-Yōzei-tennō; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡo̞jo̞ːze̞ː tẽ̞nːo̞ː]) December 31, 1571 – September 25, 1617 was the 107th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.: 111  Go-Yōzei's reign spanned the years 1586 through to his abdication in 1611, corresponding to the transition between the Azuchi–Momoyama period and the Edo period.

This 16th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Yōzei, and go- (後), translates as later, and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Yōzei". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the second one, and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Yōzei, the second", or as "Yōzei II".
Royal Thai Armed Forces
The Royal Thai Armed Forces (RTARF; Thai: กองทัพไทย; RTGS: Kong Thap Thai) are the armed forces of Thailand.

The Highest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces (จอมทัพไทย; RTGS: Chom Thap Thai) is the King of Thailand. The armed forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence of Thailand, which is headed by the minister of defence and commanded by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters, which in turn is headed by the Chief of Defence Forces. The commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army is considered the most powerful position in the Thai Armed Forces.

Royal Thai Armed Forces Day is celebrated on 18 January to commemorate the victory of King Naresuan the Great in battle against the Viceroy of Burma in 1593.

Ministry of Defence (Thailand)
The Ministry of Defence (Abrv: MOD; Thai: กระทรวงกลาโหม; RTGS: Krasuang Kalahom; It is assumed that the word Kalahom may directly translate to Ministry of Places of Fire Worship.), is a cabinet-level government department of the Kingdom of Thailand. The ministry controls and manages the Royal Thai Armed Forces to maintain national security, territorial integrity, and national Defence. The armed forces of Thailand are composed of three branches: the Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy, and Royal Thai Air Force.

Although the King of Thailand is the Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces (Thai: จอมทัพไทย), his position is only nominal. The ministry and the forces are administered by an appointed politician, the Minister of Defence, a member of the Cabinet of Thailand.
Madapalli
Madapalli (Tamil: மடைப்பள்ளி, romanized: Maṭaippaḷḷi) is a caste found mainly in the northern part of Sri Lanka. Found today as a subcaste of the Sri Lankan Vellalar, the Madapallis were considered an independent caste until recently.

Originally serving as cooks for the Jaffna kings, they were also appointed as palace steward of the Jaffna Kingdom. They were reputed as a powerful caste in the colonial era, who held the positions of Mudaliyars and Kanakkapillais.

Sri Lankan Vellalar
Sri Lankan Vellalar (Tamil: இலங்கை வெள்ளாளர், lit. 'Ilaṅkai veḷḷāḷar') is a caste in Sri Lanka, predominantly found in the Jaffna peninsula and adjacent Vanni region, who comprise about half of the Sri Lankan Tamil population. They were traditionally involved in agriculture, but also included merchants, landowners and temple patrons. They also form part of the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora.

They are reputed as a ritually and numerically dominant caste in the Northern Sri Lankan society, who have contributed among the political elites of the Sri Lankan Tamils. Many of the Tamil Mudaliyars, a high colonial rank, were drawn from the Vellalar caste. In Eastern Sri Lanka, the Vellalars as other prominent castes there, are further divided into kudis or matrilineal clans.
Sullivan County, Tennessee
Sullivan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee on its northeast border. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,163. Its county seat is Blountville. Sullivan County is part of the Kingsport–Bristol TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Kingsport–Johnson City–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area, commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. Sullivan is Tennessee's second-oldest county; it was established in 1779 when the area was still part of North Carolina. From 1784 to 1788, it was part of the extra-legal State of Franklin.

Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.
Musheirifa
Al-Musheirifa (Arabic: المشيرفة, Hebrew: מושיריפה or מושיירפה‎) is an Arab village in Israel's Haifa District. The village is located in the Wadi Ara area of the northern Triangle, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of Umm al-Fahm. Since 1996, it has been under the jurisdiction of the Ma'ale Iron local council. In mid-2016 Musheirifa's population was 3472, all of whom are Muslim. The village is divided into four neighborhoods: Ighbarieh, El-Manshya, Jabbarin, and the Old Village. The inhabitants are largely members of the Ighbarieh clan, which inhabits the upper parts of the village, and the Jabbarin clan, which inhabit the lower parts. Bayada was a neighborhood of the village in the past but split from it and became a new village. The village has poor infrastructure and, like many other villages in the Wadi Ara region, lacks many social institutions and recreational areas.

Wadi Ara
Wadi Ara (Arabic: وادي عارة; Hebrew: ואדי עארה) or Nahal 'Iron (Hebrew: נחל עירון), is a valley and its surrounding area in Israel populated mainly by Arab Israelis. The area is also known as the "Northern Triangle".

Wadi Ara is located northwest of the Green Line, in the Haifa District. Highway 65 runs through the wadi. The ancient town of biblical fame, Megiddo, known from Revelation 16:16 as Armageddon, used to guard its northern exit during much of the Bronze and Iron Ages.
Prime Minister of Namibia
The prime minister of the Republic of Namibia is the leader of the Government of Namibia. The prime minister is appointed by the president and coordinates the work of the Cabinet. They also advise and assist the president in the execution of the functions of government.

President of Namibia
The president of Namibia is the head of state and head of government of Namibia. The president directs the executive branch of the government, acts as chair of the Cabinet and is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in terms of the Constitution.
2010 Kyrgyz constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Kyrgyzstan on 27 June 2010 to reduce presidential powers and strengthen democracy in the wake of the riots earlier in the year. Parliamentary elections followed on 10 October 2010.

2010 Kyrgyz parliamentary election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 October 2010. All 120 seats of the Supreme Council were elected by the party list system. Seats were allocated to all parties who obtained more than 5% of the vote overall and more than 0.5% in each of the nine provinces, capped at 65 seats per party.

Ata-Zhurt won a plurality of seats, while the ruling Social Democratic Party finished second and Ar-Namys came third.
U.S. Route 60 in Arizona
U.S. Route 60 (US 60) is an east–west United States Highway within Arizona. The highway runs for 369 miles (594 km) from a junction with Interstate 10 near Quartzsite to the New Mexico state line near Springerville. As it crosses the state, US 60 overlaps at various points: I-17, I-10, SR 77, SR 260, US 191, and US 180. Between Wickenburg and Phoenix, the route is known as the Phoenix–Wickenburg Highway. As an arterial inside the Phoenix metropolitan area it is known as Grand Avenue. When concurrent with Interstates through Downtown Phoenix, the route is known as the Black Canyon Highway from Thomas Road and Grand Avenue to the Durango Curve. From the Durango Curve to the Broadway Curve in Tempe, the route is known as the Maricopa Freeway. From Tempe to Apache Junction, it is known as the Superstition Freeway.

Interstate 10 in Arizona
In the U.S. state of Arizona, Interstate 10 (I‑10), the major east–west Interstate Highway in the United States Sun Belt, runs east from California, enters Arizona near the town of Ehrenberg and continues through Phoenix and Tucson and exits at the border with New Mexico near San Simon. The highway also runs through the cities of Casa Grande, Eloy, and Marana. Segments of the highway are referred to as either the Papago Freeway, Inner Loop, or Maricopa Freeway within the Phoenix area and the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway outside metro Phoenix.
Bamie Roosevelt
Anna Roosevelt Cowles (January 18, 1855 – August 25, 1931) was the older sister of United States President Theodore Roosevelt (T.R.) and an aunt of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. Her childhood nickname was Bamie (/ˈbæmi/), a derivative of bambina (Italian for "baby girl"), but as an adult, her family began calling her Bye because of her tremendous on-the-go energy ("Hi, Bamie! Bye, Bamie!"). Throughout the life of her brother Theodore, she remained a constant source of emotional support and practical advice. On the death in childbirth of her sister-in-law Alice Hathaway Lee, Bamie assumed parental responsibility for T.R.'s daughter, Alice Lee Roosevelt, during her early years.

Alice Roosevelt Longworth
Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth (February 12, 1884 – February 20, 1980) was an American writer and socialite. She was the eldest child of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt and his only child with his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt. Longworth led an unconventional and controversial life. Her marriage to Representative Nicholas Longworth III, a Republican Party leader and the 38th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, was shaky, and her only child, Paulina, was from her affair with Senator William Borah.

Alice met 16 U.S. Presidents during her life: Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, her father Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, her cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford. She is widely thought to be the person who met the most serving U.S. Presidents in history.
Philippines national volleyball teams in AVC and FIVB club tournaments
The Philippine National Volleyball Federation sent representative teams in the 2021 Asian Men's and Women's Club Volleyball Championships under the name of Rebisco and Choco Mucho, brands of its sponsor Republic Biscuit Corporation. The teams don't belong to a domestic league with its players derived from the pool of the Philippine men's and women's national teams.

The men's team will play as a club again representing the Philippines at the 2025 AVC Men's Volleyball Nations Cup.

Philippines women's national volleyball team
The Philippines women's national volleyball team represents the Philippines in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches, governed by the Philippine National Volleyball Federation since 2021.

Philippines' highest achievement was qualifying for and competing at the FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship in the 1974 edition, where they finished at 18th place.
Elsthorpe, New Zealand
Elsthorpe is a village in the Central Hawke's Bay District and Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located east of Ōtāne, Waipawa and State Highway 2 and west of the east coast.

It began as a sheep station, named after Elsthorpe, a hamlet in the English county of Lincolnshire. It is now a small settlement, supporting neighbouring sheep farms.

The local St Stephen's Chapel holds five services during the year under the oversight of St Luke's Anglican Church in Havelock North. The village also features a memorial to Royal New Zealand Air Force helicopter pilot Flight Lieutenant William Waterhouse, who died in a Vietnam War training accident in Canberra in January 1969.

The Elsthorpe and neighbouring Omakere rugby union teams were featured in a New Zealand television advertisement for coverage of the 2019 Rugby World Cup.

Omakere
Omakere (Māori: Ōmakere) is a farming locality in the Central Hawke's Bay District and Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located east of Waipawa.

Ōmakere translates as place (Ō) someone was lost or died (makere).

The Omakere Church includes a stained glass memorial wall, depicting Jesus Christ's crucifixion, in memory of three local men who died in war.

The Omakere and neighbouring Elsthorpe rugby union teams were featured in a New Zealand television advertisement for coverage of the 2019 Rugby World Cup.
Isaac T. Hopper House
The Isaac T. Hopper House is a Greek Revival townhouse at 110 Second Avenue between East 6th and 7th Streets in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Located just south of the New Middle Collegiate Church, it was built in 1837 and 1838 as a rowhouse. The building was also known as the Ralph and Ann E. Van Wyck Mead House, after its first owner. 110 Second Avenue is the only remaining rowhouse out of a group of four at 106–112 Second Avenue that was used by the Meads' extended family, and was originally known as 108 Second Avenue.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, and was designated a New York City landmark in 2009. It is also located within the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District, which was created in October 2012.

Middle Collegiate Church
40°43′40″N 73°59′17″W﻿ / ﻿40.727732°N 73.988092°W﻿ / 40.727732; -73.988092

The Middle Collegiate Church is a United Church of Christ church located at 112 Second Avenue between 6th and 7th Streets in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.

The Gothic Revival church was built from 1891 to 1892 as the congregation's fourth location, and was designed by Samuel B. Reed.  It featured stained-glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany. It is located within the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District. It is part of the Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

On December 5, 2020, the church was gutted by a fire that left only its stone exterior and its bell intact.
Mean curvature
In mathematics, the mean curvature  of a surface  is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space.

The concept was used by Sophie Germain in her work on elasticity theory, published 1831. Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier used it in 1776, in his studies of minimal surfaces. It is important in the analysis of minimal surfaces, which have mean curvature zero, and in the analysis of physical interfaces between fluids (such as soap films) which, for example, have constant mean curvature in static flows, by the Young–Laplace equation.

Minimal surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas (for example, see minimal surface of revolution): the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.
Alandur metro station
Arignar Anna Alandur Metro, commonly known as the Alandur Metro, is an elevated metro station that is part of the Blue Line and the Green Line of the Chennai Metro, and serves as an interchange station between the two lines. The station is one of the two metro stations where the two lines intersect, the other being the Chennai Central metro station. It is the city's first multi-level railway station. It is the only station where passengers from the two corridors can swap the direction of travel. On 31 July 2020, It has been named by Government of Tamil Nadu as Arignar Anna Alandur Metro to honor the DMK founder and the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu C. N. Annadurai.

Chennai Central metro station
Chennai Central Metro, officially known as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central metro station, is an underground metro station on the North-South Corridor of the Blue Line and Green Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. Central metro station is spread over an area of 30,000 square metres (320,000 sq ft). On 31 July 2020, It has been named by Government of Tamil Nadu as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Metro to honor the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam founder and the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran.
Arkansas Highway 6
Highway 6 (AR 6) was a state highway in Arkansas that traveled from Y City to Pine Bluff. It has been supplanted by U.S. Route 270 (US 270) and AR 365 Spur. AR 6 was also a designation of US 49 until 1964. It was maintained by the Arkansas Highway Department (AHD), now the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

U.S. Route 270
U.S. Route 270 (US 270) is a spur of US 70. It travels for 643 miles (1,035 km) from Liberal, Kansas at US 54 and US 83 to White Hall, Arkansas at Interstate 530 (I-530) and US 65. It travels through the states of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. It travels through the cities of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Hot Springs, Arkansas, and McAlester, Oklahoma.
High Sheriff of Leicestershire
This is a list of Sheriffs and High Sheriffs of Leicestershire, United Kingdom. The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as Sheriff was retitled High Sheriff. The High Sheriff changes every March.

Forum 1158 to 1566 the Sheriffdom of Leicestershire was united with that of Warwickshire. After some years as part of Leicestershire, Rutland was split away in 1996 as a Unitary Authority with its own shrievalty. Thus there is a separate High Sheriff of Rutland (an office that existed prior to 1974 as the Sheriff of Rutland).

High Sheriff of Warwickshire
This is a list of sheriffs and high sheriffs of the English county of Warwickshire.

The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.  Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as Sheriff was retitled High Sheriff. The High Sheriff changes, by Warwickshire tradition, on Maundy Thursday.

For a period prior to the middle of the 16th century the Sheriff of Warwickshire was also the Sheriff of Leicestershire.
Pöyrisjärvi Wilderness Area
Pöyrisjärvi Wilderness Area (Finnish: Pöyrisjärven erämaa) is a wilderness reserve in Enontekiö municipality, Lapland, Finland. It was established in 1991 like all the other wilderness reserves in Lapland and covers 1,280 square kilometres (490 mi2).

Wilderness areas of Finland
The wilderness areas (Finnish: Erämaa-alueet, Swedish: Ödemarksområden) of Finland are remote areas which are not strictly nature reserves. The areas were set up in 1991 to preserve their wilderness character, the Sami culture and their natural form of livelihood. There are 12 such areas, all of which are located in northern Lapland. The reserves cover an area of 14,890 square kilometres (5,750 sq mi). All the reserves are managed by the Metsähallitus (Forest Administration).

Hammastunturi Wilderness Area

Kaldoaivi Wilderness Area

Kemihaara Wilderness Area

Käsivarsi Wilderness Area

Muotkatunturi Wilderness Area

Paistunturi Wilderness Area

Pulju Wilderness Area

Pöyrisjärvi Wilderness Area

Tarvantovaara Wilderness Area

Tsarmitunturi Wilderness Area

Tuntsa Wilderness Area

Vätsäri Wilderness Area
Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics
During the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro) and the Republic of Macedonia competed as independent Olympic participants. Macedonian athletes could not appear under their own flag because their National Olympic Committee (NOC) had not been formed. Due to FR Yugoslavia's conduct in the ongoing Yugoslav Wars, it was placed under sanctions by United Nations Security Council Resolution 757, which prevented the country from taking part in the Olympics. Individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as independent Olympic participants (and as Independent Paralympic participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics).

58 competitors (52 from FR Yugoslavia, 6 from Republic of Macedonia), 39 men and 19 women, took part in 54 events in 13 sports. Three athletes won medals in 1992 as independent Olympic participants, all in shooting.

Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Independent Paralympic participants were athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona. Athletes from the parts of Yugoslavia still terming themselves "Yugoslavia" had competed as "independent Olympic participants" at the 1992 Summer Olympics, also hosted by Barcelona. They were not permitted to participate as "Yugoslavia", due to United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 placing sanctions on the country. The International Paralympic Committee thus recognises Yugoslavia's participation in the Paralympics from 1972 to 1988 and from 1996 to 2000 inclusive, but not in 1992, where its athletes officially belonged to no national delegation.

There were sixteen "independent Paralympic participants" at the 1992 Games, competing in athletics, shooting, swimming and table tennis. They won a total of eight medals, of which four gold.