hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district
Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district or Nawalparasi West, as known commonly (Nepali: नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) वा नवलपरासी पश्चिम [nʌwʌlpʌˈɾasi ˈpʌst͡sim]), also frequently referred to as just Parasi District, is a district located in Lumbini Province of Nepal. It is 1 out of 12 districts of Lumbini Province. The headquarter of the district is located in Ramgram.

Formerly, Nawalparasi West was a part of Nawalparasi District, the other part being Nawalparasi East  (natively called Nawalpur). Thus, the districts Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) and Nawalparasi (East of Bardaghat Susta) were created after the state's reconstruction of administrative divisions as of 20 September 2015.

The total area of Nawalparasi District is 634.88 square kilometres (245.13 sq mi) and total population of this district as of 2011 Nepal census is 321058 individuals. Bhojpuri is the local language of the district.

Nawalpur District
Nawalpur (/nəˌwʌlˈpʊər/, Nepali: नवलपुर, pronounced [ˈnʌwʌlpur]) is one of 11 districts of Gandaki Province of Nepal. The headquarters of the district is Kawasoti.

Nawalpur District and Parasi District were formerly a single district, Nawalparasi District, until a reorganization effective 20 September 2015.

The total area of Nawalpur District is 1,331.16 square kilometres (513.96 sq mi) and total population of this district as of 2011 Nepal census is 310864 individuals.
1997 Grand National
The 1997 Grand National (known officially as the Martell Grand National and also informally as the Monday National) was the 150th official running of the Grand National steeplechase held at Aintree near Liverpool. The race was scheduled to be run on Saturday 5 April 1997, but was postponed by two days to Monday 7 April after a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb threat forced the evacuation of the course.

The race was won in a time of nine minutes and 5.9 seconds and by a distance of 25 lengths by New Zealand-bred Lord Gyllene at odds of 14/1. He was ridden by jockey Tony Dobbin, trained by Steve Brookshaw at his Preston Farm base in Uffington, Shropshire, and ran in the colours of Stanley Clarke. Brookshaw collected £178,146 of a total prize fund of £303,300 shared through the first six finishers. There were two equine fatalities during the race.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
2008 Open Sabadell Atlántico Barcelona
The 2008 Open Sabadell Atlántico Barcelona (also known traditionally as the Torneo Godó) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 56th edition of the Torneo Godó, and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, from April 28 through May 4, 2008.

The singles draw featured ATP No. 2, Monte-Carlo Masters singles and doubles titlist, three-time Barcelona defending champion Rafael Nadal, Australian Open quarterfinalist and Valencia winner David Ferrer, and Acapulco finalist and Buenos Aires champion David Nalbandian. Among other players were Delray Beach and Houston runner-up James Blake, Costa do Sauípe finalist Carlos Moyá, Tommy Robredo, Andy Murray and Ivo Karlović.

The event also featured a seniors' tournament that was part of the ATP Champions Tour, which was held from April 24 to 28. Marcelo Ríos won the title.

Barcelona Open (tennis)
The Barcelona Open (currently sponsored by Banc Sabadell) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players. The event was founded in 1953 as a combined men's and women's tournament until 1980. It is played at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain on clay courts. The event is commonly known as Trofeo Conde de Godó (English: Count of Godó Trophy).
Main Directorate for Public Order Maintenance
The Main Directorate for Public Order Maintenance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Russian: Главное управление по обеспечению охраны общественного порядка, ГУОООП) is a structural unit of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

It carries out functions for the implementation of public policy in the field of public order and security and the organizational management of public security police units. It is the so-called “face” of the Russian police, since the employees of this particular unit are constantly visible in public places.

Police of Russia
The Police of Russia (Russian: Полиция России, romanized: Politsiya Rossii) is the national law enforcement agency of Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs from September 8, [O.S. 20] 1802. It was established on June 7, [O.S. 18] 1718 by decree of Peter the Great, and in 2011, it replaced the Militsiya, the former police service.

The Police of Russia operates according to the law "On police" (Закон "о полиции"), as approved by the Federal Assembly, and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011, by the then President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev.
Academic Partnerships
Risepoint (formerly known as Academic Partnerships) is a major for-profit online program manager (OPM) owned by Vistria Group, a private equity firm.  Established in 2007 by entrepreneur Randy Best, it claims to serve more than 55 colleges and universities, providing technology, marketing services, and student support services to mid-level brands. Because of its early start as an OPM, it has been considered "a pioneer" in the business. APs clients, which are mostly regional public universities, are lower in price than elite colleges, but face significant financial and enrollment challenges. According the company, it has served 380,000 students and converted more than 4000 campus-based classes to online courses.

On May 1, 2024, Academic Partnerships rebranded as Risepoint. Its CEO is Fernando Bleichmar.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
Culture Made Stupid
Culture Made Stupid (also spelled Cvltvre Made Stvpid, ISBN 978-0395404614) is a book written and illustrated by Tom Weller in 1987.

The book is subtitled "A Misguided Tour of Illiterature, Fine & Dandy Arts, & the Subhumanities", and it satirizes literature and the humanities. The book in its entirety is available online, in addition to several excerpts, including an authorized reprinting of Beowulf ond Godsylla .

Paul Krugman, a columnist for The New York Times, called the book a "neglected classic".

Weller wrote a similar volume Science Made Stupid, satirizing science, which won the 1986 Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book.

Science Made Stupid
Science Made Stupid: How to Discomprehend the World Around Us is a 1985 book written and illustrated by Tom Weller. The winner of the 1986 Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, it is a parody of a junior high or high school-level science textbook. Though now out of print, high-resolution scans are available online, as well as an abridged transcription, both of which have been endorsed by Weller. Highlights of the book include a satirical account of the creationism vs. evolution debate and Weller's drawings of fictional prehistoric animals (e.g., the duck-billed mastodon). The style has been compared to Mad magazine.

Weller released a companion volume, Culture Made Stupid (also spelled Cvltvre Made Stvpid), which satirizes literature and the humanities.
Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel
The Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel is one of the U.S. Navy's principal experimental hydrodynamic research facilities and is operated by the Penn State Applied Research Laboratory. The facility was completed and entered operation in 1949. The facility is named after Lieutenant W. Garfield Thomas Jr., a Penn State journalism graduate who was killed in World War II. For a long time, the Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel was the largest circulating water tunnel in the world. It has been declared a historic mechanical engineering landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Today, in addition to many of its Navy projects, the facility tunnel-based research has expanded into pumps for the Space Shuttle, advanced propulsors for ships, heating and cooling systems, artificial heart valves, vacuum cleaner fans, and other pump and propulsor related products.

Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory
The Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory (short: Penn State ARL or simply ARL), is a specialized research unit dedicated to interdisciplinary scientific research at the Penn State University Park campus. The ARL is a DoD designated U.S. Navy University Affiliated Research Center. It is the university's largest research unit with over 1,000 faculty and staff. The Laboratory ranks 2nd in DoD and 10th in NASA funding to universities.

ARL maintains a long-term relationship with the Naval Sea Systems Command and the Office of Naval Research.
CMT Association
The CMT Association is a non-profit, global, professional association of technical analysts headquartered in New York City, servicing over 4,500 market analysis professionals in around 137 countries. The CMT Association is a global credentialing body with nearly 50 years of service to the financial industry. The CMT Association certifies that an individual is competent in the use of technical analysis via the Chartered Market Technician (CMT) designation.

Technical analysis
In finance, technical analysis is an analysis methodology for analysing and forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. As a type of active management, it stands in contradiction to much of modern portfolio theory. The efficacy of technical analysis is disputed by the efficient-market hypothesis, which states that stock market prices are essentially unpredictable, and research on whether technical analysis offers any benefit has produced mixed results. It is distinguished from fundamental analysis, which considers a company's financial statements, health, and the overall state of the market and economy.
Wang Shu
Wang Shu (Chinese: 王澍, born 4 November 1963) is a Chinese architect based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He is the dean of the School of Architecture of the China Academy of Art. With his practice partner and wife Lu Wenyu, he founded the firm Amateur Architecture Studio. In 2012, Wang became the first Chinese citizen to win the Pritzker Prize, the world's top prize in architecture. The award was the subject of some controversy since the Pritzker committee did not also award Lu Wenyu, his wife and architectural partner, despite their years of collaboration.

Pritzker Architecture Prize
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture."  Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.
Frances Perry Private Hospital
Frances Perry House, co-located with the Royal Women's Hospital in the Melbourne suburb of Parkville, is a 69-bed private hospital for women run by Ramsay Healthcare.

The hospital specialises in obstetrics, gynaecology, neonatology, breast surgery, day surgery, reconstructive surgery and plastic surgery.

Three floors of the Royal Women's Hospital in Carlton were opened as Frances Perry House on 2 November 1970 and named after Frances (Fanny) Perry, a key founder of the hospital. This facility offered maternity services to private patients who did not qualify for a free public bed at the time. It continued operating after the introduction of Medibank in 1975. It was fully privatised in 1997.

Royal Women's Hospital
The Royal Women's Hospital, located in the Melbourne suburb of Parkville, is Australia's oldest specialist women's hospital. It offers a full range of services in maternity, gynaecology, neonatal care, women's cancers and women's health. It also offers complementary services such as social work, physiotherapy, dietetics, genetic counselling and pastoral care. Specialist clinics in endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, menopause symptoms after cancer, and infertility are also available. It is a major teaching hospital of over 200 beds with links to the University of Melbourne and La Trobe University. Co-located in the same building is the Frances Perry Private Hospital, a 69-bed private hospital for women.
Cryptodidymosphaerites
Cryptodidymosphaerites is an extinct monotypic genus of pleosporale fungus of uncertain family placement. When described it contained the single species Cryptodidymosphaerites princetonensis. The genus is solely known from the Early Eocene, Ypresian aged, Princeton Chert deposit of the Allenby Formation. Cryptodidymosphaerites is one of only three described fossil fungus species found in the Princeton Chert, and is a hyperparasite of Palaeoserenomyces allenbyensis, itself a tar spot-like parasite of the fossil palm Uhlia.

Pleosporales
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum) causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker (called blackleg) on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens  and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Paul Moravec
Paul Moravec (born November 2, 1957) is an American composer and a university professor at Adelphi University on Long Island, New York and also a member of the composition department of the Mannes School of Music.  Already a prolific composer, he has been described as a "new tonalist."  He is best known for his work Tempest Fantasy, which received the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Music. Among his compositions are two operas: The Letter (2009) and The Shining (2016).

Pulitzer Prize for Music
The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first given in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year, and this was eventually converted into a prize: "For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year."

Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award, the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received only one performance. In 2004, the terms were modified to read: "For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year."
Titanoholtite
Titanoholtite is an extremely rare mineral with the formula (Ti0.75[]0.25)Al6BSi3O18. It is titanium-rich member of dumortierite supergroup, and titanium-analogue of holtite of the holtite group. It is one of three quite recently found minerals of this group, the other two being nioboholtite and szklaryite, all coming from the Szklary village near Ząbkowice Śląskie in Poland. They occur in a unique pegmatite of probable anatectic origin.

Nioboholtite
Nioboholtite is an extremely rare mineral with the formula (Nb0.6[]0.4)Al6BSi3O18. It is the niobium-rich member of the dumortierite supergroup, and the niobium analogue of holtite of the holtite group. It is one of three quite recently found minerals of this group, the other two being titanoholtite and szklaryite, all coming from the Szklary village near Ząbkowice Śląskie in Poland. They occur in a unique pegmatite. Nioboholtite and schiavinatoite are both minerals with essential niobium and boron.
Kostadin Kostadinov (politician)
Kostadin Todorov Kostadinov (Bulgarian: Костадин Тодоров Костадинов; born 1 April 1979) is a far-right Bulgarian politician. He is the chairman of the ultranationalist and pro-Russian Revival political party.

Kostadinov is known for his populism and anti-EU stances, as well as for his anti-immigration views.

In June 2023, a group of Revival supporters, led by the party's deputy Emil Yankov, attacked a cinema that screened an LGBTQ film.

Revival (Bulgaria)
Revival (Bulgarian: Възраждане, romanized: Vazrazhdane) is a far-right, extremist, and ultranationalist political party in Bulgaria, founded in August 2014. Its chairman is Kostadin Kostadinov. The party is characterised by various analysts and media as pro-Russian, anti-EU, anti-NATO, being opposed to COVID-19 vaccinations and spreading anti-vaccine and anti-LGBT rhetoric.

In the 51st National Assembly of Bulgaria, Revival is the third largest parliamentary group (behind GERB–SDS and PP–DB) and the second largest party (behind GERB).
Širvinta (Šešupė)
Širvinta , is a river in southwestern Lithuania (and part of the border with Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia), a left tributary of Šešupė.

It begins in Vilkaviškis District Municipality, west of the village of Alvitas, and flows northwest in its upper reaches. From the confluence with the Liepona, the river flows north, then northeast, forming about 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the Lithuania–Russia border. The river then passes the Širvinta bridge built by the Germans in Kudirkos Naumiestis, and flows into the Šešupė, at a total length of 43.8 km (27.2 mi).

Liepona
Liepona (German: Lepone, Russian: Lipovka) is a small rivulet that flows for 22.9 km (14.2 mi) on the border of Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. Left tributary to Širvinta, Liepona originates in Lithuania, near Kylininkai village. In 1980, a 26-hectare (64-acre) pond for irrigation was built about 16 km (9.9 mi) from the mouth.

It is famous for an incident in June 1940 when President of Lithuania Antanas Smetona had to cross the shallow river in order to reach Nazi Germany in the aftermath of the Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania. Liepona served as a natural border between Prussia and Lithuania since the Treaty of Melno of 1422 with the Teutonic Knights.
Léonie Rouzade
Léonie Rouzade, born Louise-Léonie Camusat (1839–1916) was a French feminist, politician, journalist and author. An active supporter of women's rights, in 1880 together with Eugénie Pierre, she founded the Union des femmes, the first socialist women's association in France. As a writer, in 1872 she published two novels: Le Monde renversé (The World Turned Upside Down) and Voyage de Théodose à l'île de l'Utopie (A Voyage to the Isle of Utopia).

Eugénie Potonié-Pierre
Eugénie Potonié-Pierre (5 November 1844 – 12 June 1898 Paris) was a French feminist who founded the Federation of French Feminist Societies in 1892.

She joined the Society for the Amelioration of Women's Condition with Léon Richer and Maria Deraismes in the 1870s. She served as the secretary and wrote for the organization's publication Le Droit des femmes (Women's Rights).
In 1880, with Léonie Rouzade, she founded Union des Femmes.

She was secretary of the  committee of the International Congress for Women's Rights, in 1892, and 1896. In her speech to the International Congress of 1896 in Berlin, Potonié-Pierre credited herself and French feminist peers with coining the term féminisme.
Summon Night: Swordcraft Story
Summon Night: Swordcraft Story (サモンナイト クラフトソード物語, Samon Naito Kurafutosōdo Monogatari), is a 2003 action role-playing game developed by Flight-Plan for the Game Boy Advance. It is a spinoff of the Summon Night series of games. It was first released in Japan in April 2003, published by Banpresto. An English localized version was released in North America by Atlus in July 2006. A sequel, Summon Night: Swordcraft Story 2, was released in Japan in August 2004, and North America in October 2006.

Summon Night: Swordcraft Story 2
Summon Night: Swordcraft Story 2 (サモンナイト クラフトソード物語2, Samon Naito Kurafutosōdo Monogatari 2) is a 2004 action role-playing game developed by Flight-Plan for the Game Boy Advance. It is part of the Summon Night series of games, and is the sequel to Summon Night: Swordcraft Story. The game was first released in Japan by Banpresto in August 2004, and in North America by Atlus in October 2006. The game received generally favorable reviews. It was followed by Summon Night Swordcraft Story 3: Stone of Beginnings, released in December 2005.
Military volunteer
A military volunteer (or war volunteer) is a person who enlists in military service by free will, and is not a conscript, mercenary, or a foreign legionnaire. Volunteers sometimes enlist to fight in the armed forces of a foreign country, for example during the Spanish Civil War. Military volunteers are essential for the operation of volunteer militaries. Many armies, including the U.S. Army, formerly distinguished between "Important Volunteers" enlisted during a war, and "regulars" who served on long-term basis.

Volunteer military
A volunteer military system or all-volunteer military system (AVMS) is a military service system that maintains the military only with applicants without conscription. A country may offer attractive pay and benefits through military recruitment to attract potential recruits. Many countries with volunteer militaries reserve the right to renew conscription in the event of an emergency.
The Indian Army is the world's largest standing volunteer army.

In recent decades, the trend among numerous countries has been to move from conscription to all-volunteer military forces. One significant example is in France, which has historically been the first to introduce modern conscription and whose model was followed by many other countries in Europe and elsewhere around the world.