hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bowery Boys (gang)
The Bowery Boys (vernacular Bowery B'hoys) were a nativist, anti-Catholic, and anti-Irish criminal gang based in the Bowery neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City in the early-mid-19th century. In contrast with the Irish immigrant tenement of the Five Points, the Bowery was a more prosperous working-class community. The gang was made up exclusively of volunteer firemen—though some also worked as tradesmen, mechanics, and butchers (the primary trade of prominent leader William "Bill the Butcher" Poole)—and would fight rival fire companies over who would extinguish a fire. The Bowery Boys often battled multiple outfits of the infamous Five Points, most notably the Dead Rabbits, with whom they feuded for decades. The uniform of a Bowery Boy generally consisted of a stovepipe hat in variable condition, a red shirt, and dark trousers tucked into boots—this style paying homage to their fireman roots.

Dead Rabbits
The Dead Rabbits were an Irish American criminal street gang active in Lower Manhattan in the 1830s to 1850s. The Dead Rabbits were so named after a dead rabbit was thrown into the center of the room during a gang meeting, prompting some members to treat this as an omen, withdraw, and form an independent gang. Their battle symbol was a dead rabbit on a pike. They often clashed with Nativist political groups who viewed Irish Catholics as a threatening and criminal subculture. The Dead Rabbits were given the nicknames of "Mulberry Boys" and the "Mulberry Street Boys" by the New York City Police Department because they were known to have operated along Mulberry Street in the Five Points.

Tyler Anbinder, an American historian, claims that the Dead Rabbits did not exist as a gang and were actually misidentified members of the Roach Guards.
Carboxypeptidase A
Carboxypeptidase A usually refers to the pancreatic exopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of C-terminal residues with aromatic or aliphatic side-chains.  Most scientists in the field now refer to this enzyme as CPA1, and to a related pancreatic carboxypeptidase as CPA2.

Carboxypeptidase
A carboxypeptidase (EC number 3.4.16 - 3.4.18) is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide. This is in contrast to an aminopeptidases, which cleave peptide bonds at the N-terminus of proteins. Humans, animals, bacteria and plants contain several types of carboxypeptidases that have diverse functions ranging from catabolism to protein maturation. At least two mechanisms have been discussed.
Julius Jacobson
Julius Jacobson (1922 – March 8, 2003) was an American socialist writer and editor who edited Anvil, New International, and New Politics, all publications in the Third Camp tradition of socialism, a democratic Marxist tradition sometimes called "Shachtmanite" after its significant theorist, Max Shachtman.

Max Shachtman
Max Shachtman (/ˈʃɑːktmən/; September 10, 1904 – November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. He went from being an associate of Leon Trotsky to a social democrat and mentor of senior assistants to AFL–CIO President George Meany. The Marxist tendency associated with his beliefs is known as Shachtmanism.
Fresvik
Fresvik is a village in Vik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the southern shore of the Sognefjorden, just west of where the Aurlandsfjorden joins the Sognefjorden. Fresvik sits about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of Leikanger-Hermansverk, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the municipal center of Vikøyri, and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of the village of Feios. The population (2001) of Fresvik is approximately 275.

This village provides a starting point for hikes into the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Nærøyfjord which is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south, and also to the Fresvikbreen glacier which is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the village. Fresvik has been hosting the Fres music festival in July annually since 2005.  Fresvik Church is located in the village, serving the eastern part of the municipality.

Feios
Feios is a village in Vik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern shore of the Sognefjorden, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of the village of Vangsnes and about 17 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of the village of Fresvik. The village lies in a small, narrow valley, surrounded by large mountains, with the river Feioselvi running through the center of the valley. Feios Church is located in the village.

A good portion of the population is engaged in agriculture, especially fruits such as apples, pears, plums, strawberries, and raspberries on farms and gardens in the village. Historically, the village has been famous for its beautiful fruit blossoms. Fruit cultivation has slowed somewhat in recent years. Raising cattle, sheep, and horses are also done on the farms in this valley.
Cuban espresso
Cuban espresso, also known as Café Cubano (or Colada, Cuban coffee, cafecito, Cuban pull, and Cuban shot), is a type of espresso that originated in Cuba. Specifically, it refers to an espresso shot which is sweetened (traditionally with natural brown sugar whipped with the first and strongest drops of espresso). However, the name can refer to coffee based drinks that include Cuban espresso as the main ingredient, such as café con leche.

Drinking café cubano remains a prominent social and cultural activity in Cuba and in Cuban-American communities, particularly in Miami, Tampa and the Florida Keys.

Café con leche
Café con leche (Spanish for 'coffee with milk') is a coffee beverage common throughout Spain and Latin America consisting of strong coffee (usually espresso) mixed with scalded milk in approximately equal amounts. The amount of milk can be higher in a café con leche en vaso or a café con leche de desayuno. Cuban and Puerto Rican establishments often prepare the drink with sugar. Sugar or sweetener is added to taste. It is similar to the Italian caffè latte and the French café au lait.
Cecil Court
Cecil Court is a pedestrian street with Victorian shop-frontages in Westminster, England, linking Charing Cross Road and St Martin's Lane. Since the 1930s, it has been known as the new Booksellers' Row.

Charing Cross Road
Charing Cross Road is a street in Central London, running immediately north of St Martin-in-the-Fields to St Giles Circus (the intersection with Oxford Street), which then merges into Tottenham Court Road. It leads from the north in the direction of Charing Cross at the south side of Trafalgar Square. It connects via St Martin's Place and the motorised east side of the square.
Todd County, South Dakota
Todd County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,319. Todd County does not have its own county seat. Instead, Winner in neighboring Tripp County serves as its administrative center. Its largest city is Mission. The county was created in 1909, although it remains unorganized. The county was named for John Blair Smith Todd, a delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives and a Civil War general.

The county lies entirely within the Rosebud Indian Reservation and is coterminous with the main reservation (exclusive of off-reservation trust lands, which lie in four nearby counties). Its southern border is with the state of Nebraska. It is one of five South Dakota counties entirely within an Indian reservation. The county's per-capita income makes it the third poorest county in the United States. Unlike many rural counties in South Dakota, since 1960, its net population has increased.

Tripp County, South Dakota
Tripp County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,624. Its county seat is Winner. The county was created in 1873, and was organized in 1909. It is named for lawyer, judge, and diplomat Bartlett Tripp.
Borel graph theorem
In functional analysis, the Borel graph theorem is generalization of the closed graph theorem that was proven by L. Schwartz.

The Borel graph theorem shows that the closed graph theorem is valid for linear maps defined on and valued in most spaces encountered in analysis.

Closed graph theorem (functional analysis)
In mathematics, particularly in functional analysis, the closed graph theorem is a result connecting the continuity of a linear operator to a topological property of their graph.  Precisely, the theorem states that a linear operator between two Banach spaces is continuous if and only if the graph of the operator is closed (such an operator is called a closed linear operator; see also closed graph property).

Since an operator between two normed spaces is a bounded linear operator if and only if it is a continuous linear operator, one can replace "continuous" with "bounded" in the statement above.

An important question in functional analysis is whether a given linear operator is continuous (or bounded). The closed graph theorem gives one answer to that question.
Delaware Route 3
Delaware Route 3 (DE 3) is a state highway northeast of the city of Wilmington in New Castle County, Delaware. The route runs from Lighthouse Road/Hay Road just south of Interstate 495 (I-495) in Edgemoor north to DE 92 in Hanbys Corner. The route passes through the suburban areas of Brandywine Hundred, Bellefonte, and Arden. It intersects I-495 and U.S. Route 13 (US 13) in Edgemoor, US 13 Business (US 13 Bus.) in Bellefonte, and I-95 near Bellevue State Park. DE 3 was built as a state highway during the 1920s and 1930s. By 1968, the route was designated between US 13 (now US 13 Bus.) north to DE 92 on Marsh Road. The route was moved to its current alignment and terminus by 1984.

Delaware Route 92
Delaware Route 92 (DE 92) is a 8.83-mile-long (14.21 km) road in northern New Castle County, Delaware, that runs a short distance to the south of the Pennsylvania/Delaware state line for most of its length. The route runs from DE 100 near Montchanin east to U.S. Route 13 (US 13) in Claymont. The road is a two-lane rural road between the western terminus and US 202, passing through Brandywine Creek State Park and the Brandywine Valley section of First State National Historical Park. East of US 202, DE 92 is a four-lane divided highway called Naamans Road that passes through suburban areas to the north of Wilmington, with an interchange at Interstate 95 (I-95) in Claymont. DE 92 was first built as a state highway east of US 202 during the 1920s and 1930s. By 1968, the route was designated onto its current alignment. In the 1990s, DE 92 east of US 202 was widened into a divided highway.
Jukei-ni
Jukei-ni (寿桂尼, c.1490 - 11 April 1568) was a Japanese noble lady who acted as the power behind the throne or de facto daimyo of the Imagawa clan during the Sengoku period. 
She was born in the aristocrat Nakamikado Family of Kyoto. Jukei-ni was the wife of Imagawa Ujichika and mother of Imagawa Ujiteru, Imagawa Yoshimoto and Zukei-ni. 
She acted as guardian and advisor for Ujichika, Ujiteru, Yoshimoto and her grandson Imagawa Ujizane. Jukei-ni is also known as ''Onna Daimyo'' and "Amamidai", once proclaimed that she would "protect Imagawa to her grave".

Imagawa Yoshimoto
Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川 義元; 1519 – June 12, 1560) was a Japanese samurai and daimyō (feudal lord) of the Sengoku period. Based in Suruga Province, he was known as The number one archer in the Tōkaidō (海道一の弓取り, Kaidō-ichi no Yumitori); he was one of the three daimyō that dominated the Tōkaidō region. He died in 1560 while marching to Kyoto. He was killed in the village of Dengakuhazama in Okehazama by Oda Nobunaga.
Firestorm (novel)
Firestorm is a science fiction novel by American writers David Sherman and Dan Cragg.  It is set in the 25th Century in Sherman and Cragg's StarFist saga. Firestorm concludes the Ravenette campaign for the 34th FIST and Marine Force Recon (introduced in Backshot and expanded in Recoil, two books of a three book sub series).

StarFist series
StarFist is a series of military science fiction novels written by David Sherman and Dan Cragg. The novels are set in the 25th century and are written from the viewpoint of the men of the Confederation of Human Worlds Marine Corps 34th FIST (Fleet Initial Strike Team). An additional spin-off series, titled StarFist: Force Recon, by the same authors was started in 2005 with the publication of Backshot. All books were published by Del Rey Books.
2010: Odyssey Two
2010: Odyssey Two is a 1982 science fiction novel by British writer Arthur C. Clarke. It is the sequel to his 1968 novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, though Clarke changed some elements of the story to align with the film version of 2001.

Set in the year 2010, nine years after the failure of the Discovery One mission to Jupiter, the plot centres on a joint Soviet-US mission aboard the Soviet spacecraft Alexei Leonov. The mission has several objectives, including salvaging the spaceship Discovery and investigating the mysterious "monolith" discovered by Dave Bowman in 2001: A Space Odyssey. It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1983. The novel was adapted for the screen by Peter Hyams and released as the film 2010: The Year We Make Contact in 1984.

Monolith (Space Odyssey)
In Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series, Monoliths are machines in black cuboids whose sides extend in the precise ratio of 1 : 4 : 9 (12 : 22 : 32) built by an unseen extraterrestrial species whom Clarke dubbed the Firstborn and who he suggests are the earliest highly intelligent species to evolve in the Milky Way.  In the series of novels (and the films based on these), three Monoliths are discovered in the Solar System by australopithecines and their human descendants. The characters' responses to their discoveries drive the plot of the series and influence its fictional history, particularly by encouraging humanity to progress with technological development.

The first monolith appears at the beginning of the story, four million years before the present era. It is discovered by a group of australopithecines and triggers a shift in evolution, starting with the ability to use tools and weaponry. It is later revealed that thousands of other Monoliths exist elsewhere in the galaxy.
Hwaseong FC
Hwaseong FC (Korean: 화성 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province. They play in K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football.

Founded in 2013, the club is owned by Hwaseong City and play their home games at Hwaseong Stadium.

Hwaseong Sports Complex Town
Hwaseong Sports Complex Town (Korean: 화성종합경기타운) is a group of sports facilities in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea. The complex consists of Hwaseong Stadium, Hwaseong Indoor Arena, and an auxiliary stadium.
Miss Black and Her Friends
Miss Black and Her Friends is the debut EP by English electronic band Ladytron. It was released in December 1999 exclusively in Japan through Bambini label. All tracks but "Miss Black" would be later released on their 2001 debut album, 604.

604 (album)
604 is the debut studio album by English electronic music band Ladytron, released in the United States on 6 February 2001 by Emperor Norton Records and in the United Kingdom on 12 March 2001 by Invicta Hi-Fi. It was co-produced, engineered and mixed by Lance Thomas. Some of the tracks had been previously released on their EPs Miss Black and Her Friends (1999), Mu-Tron EP (2000) and Commodore Rock (2000).

On 20 July 2004, 604 was reissued in the US with four bonus tracks, the first three being live recordings made on 16 May 2003 at the Central Military Club in Sofia, Bulgaria. The January 2011 re-release of the album on Nettwerk also features these same bonus tracks.

In a 2002 interview with online magazine Chaos Control, Daniel Hunt stated that the album was named after the area code for British Columbia. Reuben Wu drew the cover of the European edition of 604.
Armistead Thomson Mason
Armistead Thomson Mason (August 4, 1787 – February 6, 1819) was a U.S. Senator from Virginia from 1816 to 1817. Mason was also the second-youngest person to ever serve in the US Senate, at the age of 28 and 5 months, even though the age requirement for the US Senate in the constitution is 30 years old. He was the son of Stevens Thomson Mason.

Stevens Thomson Mason (senator)
Colonel Stevens Thomson Mason (December 29, 1760 – May 10, 1803) was an American lawyer, military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. Mason was also a delegate in the Virginia General Assembly and a Republican U.S. Senator from 1794 to 1803.
Les Alternatifs
The Alternatives (French: Les Alternatifs) was a former French political party aligned with the far left. Founded in 1998 from the merger of the Alternative rouge et verte and a minority faction of the Convention pour une alternative progressiste, it dissolved in 2015, with its majority merging into Ensemble!. The party identified with alter-globalization, with core principles emphasizing solidarity, ecology, feminism, and self-management (autogestion).

The movement combined several political tendencies:

Self-management-oriented and alternative left;

Anti-bureaucratic currents within the communist movement;

Socially grounded ecological activism.

Following its dissolution, a minority formed Alternatives et autogestion, later participating in founding Pour une écologie populaire et sociale.

Alternative Rouge et Verte
The Alternative Rouge et Verte (AREV, Red and Green Alternative) was a French political party focused on ecology, the far-left, and autogestion. Formed in 1989, it dissolved in 1998.

The party's foundation was built on three pillars: socialism, political ecology, and self-management.
The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course
The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course is a 2002 adventure comedy film based on the nature documentary television series The Crocodile Hunter. It stars Steve Irwin, his wife Terri Irwin in her film debut, Magda Szubanski and David Wenham, and was directed by frequent Irwin collaborator John Stainton. Released in between the series' fourth and fifth seasons, Collision Course follows Steve and Terri attempting to save a crocodile from "poachers", unaware that the two men are actually American CIA agents on their trail as the crocodile has unwittingly swallowed a satellite tracking beacon. This was Steve Irwin's final film appearance before his death in 2006.

The film was theatrically released on 12 July 2002 in the United States by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures and internationally by 20th Century Fox. It received mixed reviews but grossed $33.4 million on a $12 million budget.

The Crocodile Hunter
The Crocodile Hunter is a wildlife documentary television series hosted by Steve Irwin and his wife, Terri. The show became a popular franchise due to Irwin's unconventional approach to wildlife. It spawned a number of separate projects, including the feature film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course and two television spinoffs: Croc Files and The Crocodile Hunter Diaries.

First airing in 1992 on Network 10 in Australia, the series received broader attention in the United States through Animal Planet, becoming the network's highest-rated series at the time, and was in international syndication on networks worldwide. The series aired 64 episodes during five seasons, from 1997 to 2004, two years before Irwin's death, with a pilot episode in 1996 and 13 specials into 2007.

With a nearly 11-year run, the series is the second longest-running program of any Discovery Communications network, behind MythBusters.
Vijaya Vauhini Studios
Vijaya Vauhini Studios is a film production company based in Chennai, India. It is the combination of Vijaya Productions and Vauhini Studios. B. Nagi Reddy (Bommireddy Nagi Reddy) was the founder of Vijaya Productions and Moola Narayana Swamy founded Vauhini Studios.

Vauhini Studios
Vauhini Studios was an Indian film production company and studio facility in Madras. It was founded by Moola Narayana Swamy and B. N. Reddy (Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy). In later years, Nagi Reddi, owner of Vijaya Productions, acquired Vauhini studios on lease. In 1961, Nagi Reddi purchased Vauhini Studios from Narayana Swamy's son Moola Venkata Rangaiah and merged it with his Vijaya Productions and named it Vijaya Vauhini Studios.
Jack Gilbert
Jack Gilbert (February 18, 1925 – November 13, 2012) was an American poet. Gilbert was acquainted with Jack Spicer and Allen Ginsberg, both prominent figureheads of the Beat Movement, but is not considered a Beat Poet; he described himself as a "serious romantic." Over his five-decade-long career, he published five full collections of poetry.

Jack Spicer
Jack Spicer (January 30, 1925 – August 17, 1965) was an American poet often identified with the San Francisco Renaissance. In 2009, My Vocabulary Did This to Me: The Collected Poetry of Jack Spicer won the American Book Award for poetry. He spent most of his writing life in San Francisco.
Pennsylvania Route 366
Pennsylvania Route 366 (PA 366) is a 14.8-mile-long (23.8 km) state highway located in Allegheny and Westmoreland counties in Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 28 in Tarentum.  The eastern terminus is at PA 66 in Murrysville. The last 1/2 mile of the Red Belt route of the Allegheny County belt system runs along PA 366 in Tarentum from its eastbound beginning at the PA 28 interchange to the intersection of Freeport Rd. and Ross St. where the Red Belt terminates.

Pennsylvania Route 28
Pennsylvania Route 28 (PA 28) is a major state highway, which runs for 98 miles (158 km) from Anderson Street in Pittsburgh to U.S. Route 219 (US 219) in Brockway in Pennsylvania in the United States.

From Pittsburgh to Kittanning, it is a 44.5-mile-long (71.6 km) limited access expressway that is named the Alexander H. Lindsay Memorial Highway, and is also known as the Allegheny Valley Expressway. It is named after Alexander Lindsay, a lawyer who lived in South Buffalo and commuted to work in Pittsburgh; he successfully lobbied for the city to be connected to the proposed Keystone Shortway (I-80).
Western Market
Western Market is also a former name for Plaza Miserere.

Western Market is one of the oldest structures in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The current structure, built in 1906, was the North Block of the original Western Market. It is the oldest surviving market building in the city. The former South Block was demolished in 1981 and its site is now occupied by the Sheung Wan Complex.

Sheung Wan
Sheung Wan (Chinese: 上環) is an area in Hong Kong, located in the north-west of Hong Kong Island, between Central and Sai Ying Pun. Administratively, it is part of the Central and Western District. The name can be variously interpreted as Upper District (occupying relatively high ground compared to Central and Wan Chai), or Gateway District (perhaps a reference to the location where the British first entered and occupied Hong Kong).
Collin Johnson
Collin Johnson (born September 23, 1997) is an American professional football wide receiver. He played college football at Texas. He is the son of College Football Hall of Fame cornerback Johnnie Johnson and attended high school at Valley Christian in San Jose. As of 2020, Johnson is the tallest wide receiver in the NFL.

Johnnie Johnson (American football)
Johnnie Johnson (born October 8, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback and safety in the National Football League (NFL) for 10 seasons during the 1980s.  Johnson played college football for the University of Texas, and was a two-time unanimous All-American.  A first-round choice in the 1980 NFL draft, he played professionally for the Los Angeles Rams and Seattle Seahawks. Johnson was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in May 2007. Johnson's son, Collin Johnson, plays for the Chicago Bears as a wide receiver.