hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clark cell
The Clark cell, invented by English engineer Josiah Latimer Clark in 1873, is a wet-chemical cell (colloquially: battery) that produces a highly stable voltage. In 1893, the output of the Clark cell at 15 °C was defined by the International Electrical Congress as 1.434 volts, and this definition became law in the United States in 1894. This definition was later supplanted by one based on the Weston cell.

Weston cell
The Weston cell or Weston standard cell is a wet-chemical cell that produces a highly stable voltage suitable as a laboratory standard for calibration of voltmeters. Invented by Edward Weston in 1893, it was adopted as the International Standard for EMF from 1911 until superseded by the Josephson voltage standard in 1990.
Tatra National Park, Slovakia
Tatra(s) National Park (Slovak: Tatranský národný park; abbr. TANAP) is one of the nine national parks in Slovakia. It is situated in North Central Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains. The park is important for protecting a diverse variety of flora and fauna, with many endemic species, including the Tatra chamois.

The Tatra Mountains form a natural border between Slovakia to the south and Poland to the north, and both countries have cooperated since the early 20th century on efforts to protect the area. Poland created an adjoining national park, and UNESCO later designated the combined effort a transboundary biosphere reserve.

Tatra chamois
The Tatra chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica; Slovak: Kamzík vrchovský tatranský; Polish: Kozica tatrzańska) is a subspecies of the chamois of the genus Rupicapra. Tatra chamois live in the Tatra Mountains in  Poland and Slovakia.
U.S. Route 60 in Arizona
U.S. Route 60 (US 60) is an east–west United States Highway within Arizona. The highway runs for 369 miles (594 km) from a junction with Interstate 10 near Quartzsite to the New Mexico state line near Springerville. As it crosses the state, US 60 overlaps at various points: I-17, I-10, SR 77, SR 260, US 191, and US 180. Between Wickenburg and Phoenix, the route is known as the Phoenix–Wickenburg Highway. As an arterial inside the Phoenix metropolitan area it is known as Grand Avenue. When concurrent with Interstates through Downtown Phoenix, the route is known as the Black Canyon Highway from Thomas Road and Grand Avenue to the Durango Curve. From the Durango Curve to the Broadway Curve in Tempe, the route is known as the Maricopa Freeway. From Tempe to Apache Junction, it is known as the Superstition Freeway.

U.S. Route 191 in Arizona
U.S. Route 191 (US 191) is a north–south U.S. Highway in eastern Arizona. The highway runs for 516.50 miles (831.23 km), making it Arizona's longest numbered highway. The highway begins at State Route 80 near Douglas and crosses over the Utah state line near Mexican Water in the Navajo Nation. Between Douglas and Utah, US 191 shares multiple concurrencies with I-10, US 70, US 180, US 60, SR 61, I-40, SR 264, and US 160.

Until 1981, the route taken by US 191 between I-40 in Chambers and the Utah state line was designated as SR 63. The route from SR 80 in Douglas to I-40 in Sanders was originally designated as part of US 666. US 666 was often associated with the biblical devil, due to the number 666 occasionally being considered the "number of the beast." The highway number caused discomfort with the general public and led to the constant sign theft of US 666 markers along the highway, prompting the redesignation of US 666 as a section of US 191 in 1992.
Pinnawala Open Zoo
Pinnawala Open Zoo (also called Pinnawala Zoo: Sinhala: පින්නවල සත්වෝද්‍යානය) is a zoological garden in Pinnawala, Sri Lanka, which is situated closer to the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage. The zoo was opened for public on 17 April 2015. This is the first open-air zoo in Sri Lanka and second zoo in Sri Lanka after Dehiwala zoo. The zoo was opened for the visitors free of charge from 17 – 30 of April 2015.

National Zoological Gardens of Sri Lanka
National Zoological Gardens of Sri Lanka (also called Dehiwala Zoo or Colombo Zoo) is a zoological garden in Dehiwala, Sri Lanka, founded in 1936. It is home to various birds, mammals, reptiles, fish and amphibians. The zoo not only exhibits animals from Sri Lanka, but also from across Asia and other parts of the globe.

As of 2005, the zoo has 3,000 animals and 350 species. The annual revenue is LKR 40 million.

The Dehiwala Zoo exchanges its residents with other zoological gardens for breeding purposes. In June 2021, a lion named Thor which had been living in the zoo since 2012 reportedly tested positive for COVID-19.
Hawker (trade)
A hawker is a vendor of merchandise that can be easily transported; the term is roughly synonymous with costermonger or peddler. In most places where the term is used, a hawker sells inexpensive goods, handicrafts, or food items. Whether stationary or mobile, hawkers often advertise by loud street cries or chants, and conduct banter with customers, to attract attention and enhance sales.

Street cries
Street cries are the short lyrical calls of merchants hawking their products and services in open-air markets. The custom of hawking led many vendors to create custom melodic phrases to attract attention. At a time when a large proportion of the population were illiterate, the cries of street vendors and town criers provided the public with important messages, whether those messages were commercial in nature or of more general public interest. Street cries were part of the aural fabric of street life from antiquity.

Street cries have been known since antiquity and possibly earlier. During the 18th and 19th century, as urban populations grew, the street cries of major urban centers became one of the distinctive features of city life. Street cries became popular subject matter for poets, musicians, artists and writers of the period. Many of these street cries were catalogued in large collections or incorporated into larger musical works, preserving them from oblivion.
Lake Euramoo
Lake Euramoo (a.k.a. Ngimun & Nuta) is a shallow dumbbell-shaped volcanic crater lake (a maar) in Danbulla, Tablelands Region, Far North Queensland, Australia. It was formed about 23,000 years ago by two massive explosions from groundwater superheating.

The crater lake is known to Yidinji, within their oral history and mythology as Ngimun, and known to neighbouring Ngdjon-jii as Nuta; though formally gazetted by the Queensland Government as 'Lake Euramoo',
Euramo being the Dyirbal word for river (yuramu)

The lake (Ngimun) falls within the current Danbulla National Park and State Forest, on the Tertiary uplifted highlands of the Atherton Tableland, within the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area, Australia.

Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology is the sacred spirituality represented in the stories performed by Aboriginal Australians within each of the language groups across Australia in their ceremonies. Aboriginal spirituality includes the Dreamtime (the Dreaming), songlines, and Aboriginal oral literature.

Aboriginal spirituality often conveys descriptions of each group's local cultural landscape, adding meaning to the whole country's topography from oral history told by ancestors from some of the earliest recorded history. Most of these spiritualities belong to specific groups, but some span the whole continent in one form or another.
Southern constituency (Dagestan)
The Southern constituency (No.12) is a Russian legislative constituency in Republic of Dagestan. The constituency covers western and south-western Dagestan, mostly populated by Avars, Dargins and Lezgins. The present day Southern constituency was created in 2015 from most parts of former Buynaksk constituency and mountainous south-west of former Derbent constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Dzhamaladin Gasanov, former State Duma member elected as LDPR candidate in 2007 and A Just Russia candidate 2011, who won the open seat, defeating one-term United Russia incumbent Abdulmazhid Magramov in the primary.

Central constituency (Dagestan)
The Central constituency (No.11) is a Russian legislative constituency in Dagestan. The constituency covers southern Dagestan, stretching alongside Caspian Sea from Makhachkala to the border with Azerbaijan and covering areas populated by Kumyks, Lezgins and Dargins. The present day Northern constituency was created in 2015 from most parts of former Derbent constituency and small territory of former Makhachkala constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Murad Gadzhiev, three-term State Duma member and cognac manufacturer, who won the open seat, defeating one-term United Russia incumbent Abdulgamid Emirgamzayev in the primary.
Sofia Magid
Sofia Magid (София Давидовна Магид-Экмекчи Sofiya Davidovna Magid-Ékmekchi, c. 1892–1954) was a Soviet Jewish ethnographer and folklorist whose career lasted from the 1920s to the 1950s. Among the materials she collected were folksongs of Volhynian and Belarusian Jews and among the only prewar field recordings of European klezmer string ensembles, as well as the music of Russians and other ethnic groups of the USSR. Although she was largely unknown abroad during her lifetime, in recent years she has been seen alongside Moshe Beregovski and other Soviet Jewish ethnographers as an important scholar and collector of Jewish music.

Moisei Beregovsky
Moisei Beregovsky (1892 – 12 August 1961, Russian: Моисей Яковлевич Береговский, romanized: Moisey Yakovlevich Beregovsky; Yiddish: משה אהרן בערעגאָװסקי, romanized: Moyshe Aron Beregovski) was a Soviet Jewish folklorist, musicologist and ethnomusicologist from the Ukrainian SSR who was a key figure in the study of Jewish music. He collected, studied and published about klezmer music, Yiddish song, wordless nigun melodies, and the music of Purim plays. His published collections, mostly only released after his death, remain important sources of Jewish music from the late Russian Empire and early Soviet period. Most of his research was done during the period of 1927–1949, during the Stalin era, during which he was faced not only with ideological restrictions, but a period of imprisonment in a forced labour camp from 1950 to 1955. He was rehabilitated after 1955 and continued his work in his final years during the Khrushchev-era.
Hydro Thunder
Hydro Thunder is an arcade inshore powerboat racing video game originally released by Midway Games in February 1999 and later released for the Sega Dreamcast as a launch title later that year. It was also released for the PlayStation and Nintendo 64 in early 2000. This game is part of Midway's Thunder series of racing games, which includes Offroad Thunder, 4 Wheel Thunder, and Arctic Thunder. Hydro Thunder Hurricane, a sequel to Hydro Thunder, was later released for the Xbox 360 on July 27, 2010 on Xbox Live Arcade.

The Dreamcast version received favorable reviews, while the Nintendo 64 and PlayStation versions received mixed or average reviews, according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Its popularity merited its inclusion on the compilation disc Midway Arcade Treasures 3, which was released in 2005 for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox.

Offroad Thunder
Offroad Thunder is an offroad racing arcade game released in January 2000. It forms part of Midway's "Thunder" series of racing games, which also includes Hydro Thunder, 4 Wheel Thunder, and Arctic Thunder and is itself an evolution of Off Road Challenge.

Offroad Thunder was included in Midway Arcade Treasures 3 for Xbox, PlayStation 2 and GameCube.
General der Gebirgstruppe
General der Gebirgstruppe (English: General of the Mountain Troops) was a category of German Army three-star, a new example of the traditional German 'General der rank introduced by the Wehrmacht in 1940, comparable to the NATO grade OF-8.

General of the branch
A general of the branch, general of the branch of service or general of the ... (where instead of the ellipsis an appropriate name of the military branch is being put) is a three or four-star general officer rank in some armies. Several nations divide — or used to divide — their senior general officer ranks by the branch of troops they are qualified to command, or simply as an honorific title.
Fantasy Boys
Fantasy Boys (Korean: 소년판타지 – 방과후 설렘 시즌2) is a 2023 South Korean reality competition program created by MBC. It aired on MBC TV from March 30 to June 8, 2023, every Thursday at 22:00 (KST). The finale was broadcast live and announced the twelve final members to formed the final group, Fantasy Boys. The show serves as a sequel to My Teenage Girl, this time featuring all male contestants.

My Teenage Girl
My Teenage Girl (Korean: 방과후 설렘) was a South Korean reality competition series created by MBC. It was intended to form a seven-member girl group with the potential to chart on Billboard. The contestants were put into age groups that specialize in vocals, rapping, and performance. A joint production between MBC and Phunky Studio (the company founded by Han Dong-chul of Produce 101), the show premiered on November 28, 2021, and was broadcast every Sunday at 9 pm KST for 12 weekly episodes until its finale on February 27, 2022. The finale was broadcast live and announced the seven winners to form Classy.

Over 30,000 applications were submitted from different countries and 83 contestants were chosen. The 83 contestants were separated into four groups based on their ages.

A second season titled Fantasy Boys aired in 2023.
Dennis Dart
The Dennis Dart is a rear-engined single-decker midibus chassis that was introduced by Dennis of Guildford, England, in 1989, replacing the Dennis Domino. Initially built as a high-floor design, in 1996 the low-floor second generation Dennis Dart SLF was launched. In 2001, production of the Dart SLF passed to TransBus International, during which time it was sold as the TransBus Dart SLF; Alexander Dennis took over production in 2004, renaming the product as the Alexander Dennis Dart SLF.

More than 12,600 Darts were produced in total during a 19-year production run. Most were purchased by United Kingdom operators, although examples were sold in Europe, North America, Australia and Hong Kong. In the United States, the Dart SLF, with Alexander ALX200 bodywork, was built and sold by Thomas Built Buses as the Thomas SLF 200.

The first generation Dart ceased production in 1998. Production of the Dart SLF continued until 2008, when it was replaced by the Alexander Dennis Enviro200.

Alexander ALX200
The Alexander ALX200 was a single-decker bus body built by Alexander of the United Kingdom. It was created for low-floor bus chassis produced from the late 1990s and was launched in spring 1996 as a low-floor replacement of the Alexander Dash. It was marketed in Alexander's 'ALX' series to fill in the gap between the ALX100 minibus and the ALX300 full-size single-decker.
Chengbu Miao Autonomous County
Chengbu Miao Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 城步苗族自治县; traditional Chinese: 城步苗族自治縣; pinyin: Chéngbù Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn), usually referred to as Chengbu County (simplified Chinese: 城步县; traditional Chinese: 城步縣; pinyin: Chéngbù Xiàn) or abbreviated just as Chengbu, is an autonomous county of Miao people in the Province of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of Shaoyang City.

Located on the south western margin of Hunan, the county is bordered to the northeast by Wugang City, to the northwest by Suining County, to the southwest by Longsheng Autonomous County of Guangxi, to the southeast by Ziyuan County of Guangxi, and to the south by Xinning County. Chengbu County covers an area of 2,647 km2 (1,022 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 285,845 and a permanent resident population of 262,245. The county has six towns and six townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Chengbei Community of Rulin Town (儒林镇城北社区).

Rulin
Rulin Town (Chinese: 儒林镇) is a town and the seat of Chengbu Miao Autonomous County in Hunan, China. The town has an area of 311 km2 (120 sq mi) with a population of 64,364 (as of 2010 census). As of the 2015 census it had a population of 75,900. It is surrounded by Maoping Town on the north, Dankou Town on the west, Lanrong Township on the east, and Tingping Township on the south.

The town of Rulin  has 25 villages and 11 communities under its jurisdiction.
Commonwealth Youth Games
The Commonwealth Youth Games (CYG) is an international multi-sport event organized by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The games were held in the years, mid-way between when the Commonwealth Games are held, until 2008. They continued to be held every four years, but in the year after the Commonwealth Games are held, from 2011 to 2015. Since 2017, they've been held in the year before the Commonwealth Games are held. The first edition was held in Edinburgh, Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is from 14 to 18.

2000 Commonwealth Youth Games
The 2000 Commonwealth Youth Games, officially known as the I Commonwealth Youth Games, and commonly known as Edinburgh 2000, a regional sporting event that was held from 10 to 14 August 2000 in the Scottish capital of Edinburgh.
Epistle to Titus
The Epistle to Titus is one of the three pastoral epistles (along with 1 Timothy and 2 Timothy) in the New Testament, historically attributed to Paul the Apostle. It is addressed to Saint Titus and describes the requirements and duties of presbyters/bishops.

Pastoral epistles
The pastoral epistles are a group of three books of the canonical New Testament: the First Epistle to Timothy (1 Timothy), the Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy), and the Epistle to Titus. They are presented as letters from Paul the Apostle to Timothy and to Titus. However, many scholars believe they were written after Paul's death. They are generally discussed as a group and are given the title pastoral because they are addressed to individuals with pastoral oversight of churches and discuss issues of Christian living, doctrine and leadership. The term "pastorals" was popularized in 1703 by D. N. Berdot and in 1726 by Paul Anton. Alternate nomenclature for the cluster of three letters has been proposed: "Corpus Pastorale," meant to highlight the intentional forgery of the letters as a three-part corpus, and "Letters to Timothy and Titus," meant to emphasize the individuality of the letters.
Chief Electoral Office (New Zealand)
The Chief Electoral Office of New Zealand was a government office that was responsible for conducting general elections, by-elections and referendums. It was disestablished in 2010 and replaced with the New Zealand Electoral Commission.

The Chief Electoral Officer is now ex officio the chief executive of the New Zealand Electoral Commission.

Electoral Commission (New Zealand)
The Electoral Commission (Māori: Te Kaitiaki Take Kōwhiri) is an independent Crown entity set up by the New Zealand Parliament. It is responsible for the administration of parliamentary elections and referendums, promoting compliance with electoral laws, servicing the work of the Representation Commission, and the provision of advice, reports and public education on electoral matters.  The commission also assists electoral agencies of other countries on a reciprocal basis with their electoral events.
Veerappan (2016 film)
Veerappan is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language biographical action crime film written and directed by Ram Gopal Varma. The film is based on the real-life Indian bandit Veerappan and the events leading to Operation Cocoon, a mission to capture and kill him. The film is a remake of the Kannada film Killing Veerappan (2016) starring Shiva Rajkumar. The film stars Sandeep Bharadwaj (who reprises his role from the original), Sachiin J Joshi, Lisa Ray and Usha Jadhav.

The film was released on May 27, 2016. Veerappan received mixed reviews with critics praising the narration, production design, direction and performances of Sandeep Bharadwaj, and Usha Jadav.

Veerappan
Koose Munisamy Veerappan (18 January 1952 – 18 October 2004) was an Indian poacher, smuggler, domestic terrorist and bandit who was active for 36 years, and kidnapped major politicians for ransom. He was charged with sandalwood smuggling and poaching of elephants in the scrub lands and forests in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. He was wanted for killing around 184 people, about half of whom were police officers and forest officials. He was also responsible for poaching approximately 500 of the 2,000 elephants killed in the peninsular region where he was active and for smuggling ivory worth US$2.6 million (₹16 crore) and about 65 tons of sandalwood worth approximately US$22 million (₹143 crore).

The battle to capture Veerappan cost the governments of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka over ₹100 crore.
Brian Kobilka
Brian Kent Kobilka (born May 30, 1955) is an American physiologist and a recipient of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Robert Lefkowitz for discoveries that reveal the workings of G protein-coupled receptors. He is currently a professor in the department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at Stanford University School of Medicine.  He is also a co-founder of ConfometRx, a biotechnology company focusing on G protein-coupled receptors. He was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2011.

Robert Lefkowitz
Robert Joseph Lefkowitz (born April 15, 1943) is an American physician (internist and cardiologist)  and biochemist. He is best known for his discoveries that reveal the inner workings of an important family of G protein-coupled receptors, for which he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. He is currently an Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute as well as a James B. Duke Professor of Medicine and Professor of Biochemistry and Chemistry at Duke University.
Rota's conjecture
Rota's excluded minors conjecture is one of a number of conjectures made by the mathematician Gian-Carlo Rota. It is considered an important problem by some members of the structural combinatorics community. Rota conjectured in 1971 that, for every finite field, the family of matroids that can be represented over that field has only finitely many excluded minors.
A proof of the conjecture was announced, but not published, in 2014 by Geelen, Gerards, and Whittle.

Matroid
In combinatorics, a matroid /ˈmeɪtrɔɪd/ is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats. In the language of partially ordered sets, a finite simple matroid is equivalent to a geometric lattice.

Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction of various notions of central importance in these fields. Matroids have found applications in geometry, topology, combinatorial optimization, network theory, and coding theory.
Ethiopian montane forests
The Ethiopian montane forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in Ethiopia. It covers the southwestern and southeastern portions of the Ethiopian Highlands. The ecoregion includes distinctive Afromontane evergreen forests. The ecoregion's biodiversity is threatened by deforestation, conversion to agriculture, and overgrazing.

Afromontane
The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Afromontane regions of Africa are discontinuous, separated from each other by lower-lying areas, and are sometimes referred to as the Afromontane archipelago, as their distribution is analogous to a series of sky islands.