hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Île Ronde, Mauritius
Round Island is an uninhabited islet 22.5 kilometres north of Mauritius. It has an area of 1.69  square kilometres and a maximum elevation of 280 metres. The island has been a nature reserve since 1957 and is administered jointly by the National Parks and Conservation Service and the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.

Wildlife of Mauritius
The wildlife of Mauritius consists of its flora and fauna. Mauritius is located in the Indian Ocean to the east of Madagascar. Due to its isolation, it has a relatively low diversity of wildlife; however, a high proportion of these are endemic species occurring nowhere else in the world. Many of these are now threatened with extinction because of human activities including habitat destruction and the introduction of non-native species. Some have already become extinct, most famously the dodo which disappeared in the 17th century.

At the 16th U.S.-Africa Business Summit, held May 6–9, 2024, Mauritius was held up as a model for African ecosystem conservation at a presentation by the Saint Brandon Conservation Trust in Dallas, Texas, at the international Corporate Council on Africa meetings that included six heads of state and government, 80 U.S. government officials, 16 African delegations and over 1,000 U.S. & African CEOs, investors and entrepreneurs.
Annals of Quedlinburg
The Annals of Quedlinburg (Latin: Annales Quedlinburgenses; German: Quedlinburger Annalen) were written between 1008 and 1030 in the convent of Quedlinburg Abbey. In recent years a consensus has emerged that it is likely that the annalist was a woman. The annals are mostly dedicated to the history of the Holy Roman Empire; they also contain the first written mention of the names of Lithuania and Poland. The original document has disappeared, surviving only as a 16th-century copy held in Dresden, but its contents endure as a scholarly resource.

Name of Lithuania
The first known record of the name of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuva) was recorded in the Annals of Quedlinburg (Latin: Annales Quedlinburgenses, written between 1008 and 1030) in a story recording events of 9 March 1009 concerning Saint Bruno. The Chronicle recorded in the form Litua  (in the phrase "in confinio Rusciæ et Lituæ a paganis capite plexus"). Although it is clear the name originated from a Baltic language, scholars still debate the meaning of the word.
Battle of Gully Hole Creek
The Battle of Gully Hole Creek took place on July 18, 1742 (new style), between Spanish and British forces in the Province of Georgia, resulting in a victory for the British. Part of a much larger conflict, known as the War of Jenkins' Ear, the battle was for control of St. Simons Island, the British fortifications of Fort Frederica and Fort St. Simons, and the strategic sea routes and inland waters they controlled. After the victory, the Province of Georgia established undisputed claim to the island, which is now part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The better-known Battle of Bloody Marsh, a skirmish also won by the British, took place on the island the same day.

Fort Frederica National Monument
Fort Frederica National Monument, on St. Simons Island, Georgia, preserves the archaeological remnants of a fort and town built by James Oglethorpe between 1736 and 1748 to protect the southern boundary of the British colony of Georgia from Spanish raids.  About 630 British troops were stationed at the fort.

A town of up to 1,000 colonial residents had grown up outside the fort; it was laid out following principles of the Oglethorpe Plan for towns in the Georgia Colony. The town was named Frederica, after Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of King George II. The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.
Paul Wei
Paul Wei (Chinese: 魏保羅; pinyin: Wèi Bǎoluó; 1879–1919), also known as Wei Embo / Wei Enbo (Chinese: 魏恩波) was a Chinese evangelist and the founder of the True Jesus Church (Chinese: 真耶穌教會; pinyin: Zhēn Yēsū Jiàohuì).

True Jesus Church
The True Jesus Church (TJC) is a non-denominational Christian church and originated in Beijing, China, during the Pentecostal movement in the early twentieth century. The True Jesus Church is currently one of the largest Christian groups in China and Taiwan, as well as one of the largest independent churches in the world.
The TJC holds a Oneness Pentecostal view of God and teaches a Sabbatarian doctrine.
At Five in the Afternoon
At Five in the Afternoon (Persian: پنج عصر, romanized: Panj é asr) is a 2003 film by Iranian writer-director Samira Makhmalbaf. It tells the story of an ambitious young woman trying to gain an education in Afghanistan after the 2001 ouster of the Taliban rule. The title comes from a Federico García Lorca poem and is a tale of flourishing against the odds. It was the first film from Afghanistan following the fall of the Taliban.

The film premiered In Competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival and was awarded the Jury Prize and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury. It won Golden Peacock (Best Film) at the 34th International Film Festival of India.

Samira Makhmalbaf
Samira Makhmalbaf (Persian: سمیرا مخملباف, Samira Makhmalbaaf; pronunciationⓘ, born 15 February 1980) is an Iranian filmmaker and screenwriter. She is the daughter of Mohsen Makhmalbaf, the film director and writer. Samira Makhmalbaf is considered to be part of the Iranian New Wave. She has won multiple awards, including two Jury Prizes at the Cannes Film Festival, and has been nominated for numerous awards.
Potassium alum
Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound defined as the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2.  It is commonly encountered as the dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. It crystallizes in an octahedral structure in neutral solution and cubic structure in an alkali solution with space group Pa3 and lattice parameter of 12.18 Å. The compound is the most important member of the generic class of compounds called alums, and is often called simply alum.

Potassium alum is commonly used in water purification, leather tanning, dyeing, fireproof textiles, and baking powder as E number E522. It also has cosmetic uses as a deodorant, as an aftershave treatment and as a styptic for minor bleeding from shaving.

Ammonium alum
Ammonium aluminium sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum (though there are many different substances also called "alum"), is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered as the dodecahydrate, formula (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O. It is used in small amounts in a variety of niche applications. The dodecahydrate occurs naturally as the rare mineral tschermigite.
Rappaccini's Daughter (Garwood opera)
Rappaccini's Daughter is an English-language American opera in two acts and six scenes first presented in 1980. The composer and librettist was Margaret Garwood, who based it on Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1844 short story of the same name.

The Pennsylvania Opera Theater gave the world premiere in a concert version at the Philadelphia College of the Performing Arts's Theatre 313 on November 19, 1980. The same company presented the first staged version at Philadelphia's Trocadero Theatre on May 6, 1983. Both versions received favorable reviews.

Hawthorne's Gothic story about a doctor whose work with poisons has made his daughter's touch deadly has inspired several operas including The Garden of Mystery (Charles Wakefield Cadman, 1925); The Poisoned Kiss, or The Empress and the Necromancer (Ralph Vaughan Williams, 1936); and La hija de Rappaccini (Daniel Catán, 1991).

Rappaccini's Daughter
"Rappaccini's Daughter" is a Gothic short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne first published in the December 1844 issue of The United States Magazine and Democratic Review in New York, and later in various collections. It is about Giacomo Rappaccini, a medical researcher in Padua who grows a garden of poisonous plants. He brings up his daughter to tend the plants, and she becomes resistant to the poisons, but in the process she herself becomes poisonous to others. The traditional story of a poisonous maiden has been traced back to India, and Hawthorne's version has been adopted in contemporary works.
Métro (Montreal newspaper)
Métro (also called Métro Montréal or Journal Métro) was a French-language free daily newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The paper was wholly owned by local businessman Michael Raffoul, who owns print media distribution company Transmet. Journal Metro was part of the Metro Media group, which owned several neighbourhood-level and burough-level newspapers in Montreal and in Quebec City. Métro was formerly part of the international group of newspapers Metro International.

StarMetro (newspaper)
StarMetro was a chain of Canadian free daily newspapers published in Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Toronto, and Vancouver. The chain was a joint venture between the Canadian publishing conglomerate Torstar (90 per cent) and Swedish global media company Metro International (10 per cent). The chain was originally branded as Metro prior to rebranding on April 10, 2018. StarMetro was not affiliated with the French-language Métro newspaper published by TC Transcontinental in Montreal.

In November 2019, Torstar announced that all StarMetro editions would cease publication on December 20, 2019.
Gunbalanya, Northern Territory
Gunbalanya (also spelt Kunbarlanja, and historically referred to as Oenpelli) is a town in west Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) east of Darwin. The main language spoken in the community is Kunwinjku (a dialect of Bininj Kunwok). At the 2021 Australian census, Gunbalanya had a population of 1,177, of largely Aboriginal Australian identity.

Only accessible by air during the wet season, Gunbalanya is known for its Aboriginal art, in particular rock art and bark painting. It has a range of services, including a police station, school and community arts centre, Injalak Arts.

It is the nearest town to the Awunbarna, also known as Mount Borradaile, an Aboriginal sacred site and the location of significant Indigenous Australian rock art.

Indigenous Australian art
Indigenous Australian art includes art made by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, including collaborations with others. It includes works in a wide range of media including painting on leaves, bark painting, wood carving, rock carving, watercolour painting, sculpting, ceremonial clothing and sandpainting. The traditional visual symbols vary widely among the differing peoples' traditions, despite the common mistaken perception that dot painting is representative of all Aboriginal art.
Cleveland City Hall
Cleveland City Hall is the seat of government for the City of Cleveland, Ohio, and the home of Cleveland City Council and the office of the Mayor of Cleveland. It opened in 1916 and is located at 601 Lakeside Avenue in the Civic Center area of Downtown Cleveland. The building was the first of its kind designed by Cleveland architect J. Milton Dyer for governmental purposes for a major U.S. city. At the time of its construction, City Hall was to continue the city planning of Daniel Burnham's 1903 Group Plan. City Hall stands as a historic landmark that was added to the Cleveland Landmarks Commission.

The rotunda in the building has been the site of numerous weddings, rallies, protests, and galas. The body of U.S. Representative Louis Stokes lay in state in the rotunda for the public to pay their respects after his death in 2015.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
Society of African Missions
The Society of African Missions (Latin: Societas Missionum ad Afros; French: Société des Missions Africaines), also known as the SMA Fathers, is a Catholic religious society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Melchior de Marion Brésillac in 1856. They serve the people of Africa and those of African descent.

Members add the nominal letters S.M.A after their names to indicate their membership in the congregation. Fr. Antonio Porcellato is the superior general as of November 2022.

Society of apostolic life
A society of apostolic life is a form of consecrated life in which a group of men or women within the Catholic Church come together for a specific purpose and live fraternally. This type of organization is defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law under Canons 731–746. Under the 1917 Code of Canon Law, which preceded the current one, this manner of life was referred to as a society of common life.
Convent of Saint Thecla (Maaloula)
The Convent of Saint Thecla (Mar Taqla) (Arabic: دير مار تقلا) is a Greek Orthodox convent in Maaloula, Syria.  It is administered by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch.  The convent was built in 1935 around the grotto of St. Thecla.

Thecla
Thecla (Ancient Greek: Θέκλα, Thékla) was a saint of the early Christian Church, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla.
Following sea
A following sea refers to a wave direction that is similar to the heading of a waterborne vessel under way. The word "sea" in this context refers to open water wind waves.

In the strict sense, a following sea has a direction of propagation between 15° either side of vessel heading, and has a celerity that does not exceed the velocity of the vessel in the direction of wave propagation. If the wave moves faster than the vessel it is an overtaking sea. If the angle to vessel heading is more than 15° it may be a quartering sea.

Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)
This glossary of nautical terms is an alphabetical listing of terms and expressions connected with ships, shipping, seamanship and navigation on water (mostly though not necessarily on the sea). Some remain current, while many date from the 17th to 19th centuries. The word nautical derives from the Latin nauticus, from Greek nautikos, from nautēs: "sailor", from naus: "ship".

Further information on nautical terminology may also be found at Nautical metaphors in English, and additional military terms are listed in the Multiservice tactical brevity code article. Terms used in other fields associated with bodies of water can be found at Glossary of fishery terms, Glossary of underwater diving terminology, Glossary of rowing terms, and Glossary of meteorology.
Taree
Taree (/tɑːriː/) is a town on the Mid North Coast, New South Wales, Australia. It and nearby Cundletown were settled in 1831 by William Wynter. Since then it has grown to a population of 26,381, and commands a significant agricultural district. Situated on a floodplain by the Manning River, it is 16 km from the Tasman Sea coast, and 317 km north of Sydney.

Taree is within the local government area of Mid-Coast Council, the state electorate of Myall Lakes and the federal electorate of Lyne.

Manning River
Manning River (Biripi: Boolumbahtee), an open and trained mature wave dominated barrier estuary, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia. It is the only double delta river in the southern hemisphere in which there are two permanent entrances to the river, one at Old Bar and another at Harrington, and is famously one of only two rivers in the world to have permanent multiple entrances with the other being the Nile river in Egypt.
Thaddeus Young
Thaddeus Charles Young Sr. (born June 21, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, before being selected 12th overall in the 2007 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. In 2018, Young became 5th player in NBA history with at least 800 games to average 13.5 points, 5.9 Rebounds, 1.4 steals, 49% FGS, and 30% 3PT FGS, after Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, and LeBron James.

Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball
The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball team represents the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets in NCAA Division I basketball. The team plays its home games in McCamish Pavilion on the school's Atlanta campus and is currently coached by Damon Stoudamire. Bobby Cremins led his team to the first ACC tournament victory in school history in 1985 and in 1990 he took Georgia Tech to the school's first Final Four appearance ever. Cremins retired from Georgia Tech in 2000 with the school's best winning percentage as a head coach. The Yellow Jackets returned to the Final Four in 2004 under Paul Hewitt and lost in the national title game to UConn. Overall, the team has won 1,352 games and lost 1,226 games, a .524 win percentage.
Credit Valley Hospital
Credit Valley Hospital is a regional hospital located in Mississauga, Ontario. Officially opened on November 5, 1985, it is now part of the Trillium Health Partners hospital group and primarily serves the communities of north Mississauga: Streetsville, Meadowvale, Erin Mills and the surrounding area. In 2012, it was ranked as the best hospital in the Greater Toronto Area in a study conducted by the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Trillium Health Partners
Trillium Health Partners is a hospital system which serves Mississauga and western Toronto in the Canadian province of Ontario. It comprises the Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga Hospital, and Queensway Health Centre. Trillium Health Partners is Canada's largest community-based, academically affiliated hospital, and has the largest emergency department in the country. Trillium Health Partners is affiliated with the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine to provide training for students in the Mississauga Academy of Medicine.
Media Source Extensions
Media Source Extensions (MSE) is a W3C specification that allows JavaScript to send byte streams to media codecs within web browsers that support HTML video and audio. Among other possible uses, this allows the implementation of client-side prefetching and buffering code for streaming media entirely in JavaScript. It is compatible with, but should not be confused with, the Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) specification, and neither requires the use of the other, although many EME implementations are only capable of decrypting media data provided via MSE.

Netflix announced experimental support in June 2014 for the use of MSE playback on the Safari browser on the OS X Yosemite beta release.

YouTube started using MSE in its HTML5 player in September 2013.

HTML video
HTML video is a subject of the HTML specification as the standard way of playing video via the web. Introduced in HTML5, it is designed to partially replace the object element and the previous de facto standard of using the proprietary Adobe Flash plugin, though early adoption was hampered by lack of agreement as to which video coding formats and audio coding formats should be supported in web browsers. As of 2020, HTML video is the only widely supported video playback technology in modern browsers, with the Flash plugin being phased out.
Aspartame
Aspartame is an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. It is 200 times sweeter than sucrose, and is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide with brand names NutraSweet, Equal, and Canderel. Discovered in 1965, aspartame was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1974 and re-approved in 1981 after its initial approval was briefly revoked.

Aspartame is one of the most studied food additives in the human food supply. Reviews by over 100 governmental regulatory bodies found the ingredient safe for consumption at the normal acceptable daily intake limit.

Equal (sweetener)
Equal is an American brand of artificial sweetener containing aspartame, acesulfame potassium, dextrose and maltodextrin. It is marketed as a tabletop sweetener by Merisant, a global corporation which also previously owned the well-known NutraSweet brand when it was a subsidiary of Monsanto and which has headquarters in Chicago, Illinois, Switzerland, Mexico, and Singapore. In French Canada, Equal is known as "Égal".
Claudia Blaisdel Carrington
Claudia Blaisdel Carrington is a fictional character from the ABC prime time soap opera Dynasty, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro. Originated by Pamela Bellwood in the series' 1981 pilot episode, "Oil", Claudia is initially the estranged, emotionally troubled wife of Denver–Carrington geologist Matthew Blaisdel (Bo Hopkins). She later becomes entangled in the intrigues surrounding the Carrington family, and is married for a time to Steven Carrington (Jack Coleman), and later his brother Adam (Gordon Thomson). Bellwood left Dynasty at the end of the sixth season in 1986.

Brianna Brown portrayed Claudia in The CW reboot Dynasty from 2017 to 2022.

Sammy Jo Carrington
Samantha Josephine "Sammy Jo" Carrington (maiden name Dean) is a fictional character on the ABC television series Dynasty, created by Richard and Esther Shapiro. The niece of central protagonist Krystle Carrington (Linda Evans), Sammy Jo marries and has a son with Steven Carrington (Al Corley, later Jack Coleman).

Originated by actress Heather Locklear during the series' second season in 1981, Sammy Jo was a recurring character until the end of the fifth season in 1985, after which Locklear was promoted to a permanent cast member. The character remained on the series until its finale in 1989, with Locklear reprising her role for the 1991 miniseries Dynasty: The Reunion.

In The CW's 2017 reboot of the series, actor Rafael de la Fuente portrays a gay male version of the character, named Sam "Sammy Jo" Jones.
Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961
A monetary reform of the Soviet ruble, also known as the Khrushchev reform (after Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader at the time), took place on 1 January 1961. The reform consisted of the devaluation of the ruble against the United States dollar, and the redenomination of the ruble at a ratio of 10 to 1.

It was the fifth monetary reform in the Soviet Union, succeeding the 1947 reform that occurred in response to the impact of the Second World War.

Pavlov Reform
Monetary reform of 1991 (known also as Pavlov Reform) was the last such reform in the Soviet Union. The reform retired and confiscated large-denomination bills to attempt to dampen inflation and combat the black market within the Soviet Union. It began on January 22, 1991. Its architect was Minister of Finance Valentin Pavlov, who was to become the last prime minister of the Soviet Union on January 14, 1991.