hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Swedish poet Tomas Tranströmer (1931–2015) "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality." He is the seventh Swedish author to become a recipient of the prize after Harry Martinson and Eyvind Johnson were jointly awarded in 1974.

Tomas Tranströmer
Tomas Gösta Tranströmer (Swedish: [ˈtʊ̌mːas ˈjœ̂sːta ˈtrâːnˌstrœmːɛr]; 15 April 1931 – 26 March 2015) was a Swedish poet, psychologist and translator. His poems captured the long winters in Sweden, the rhythm of the seasons and the palpable, atmospheric beauty of nature. Tranströmer's work is also characterized by a sense of mystery and wonder underlying the routine of everyday life, a quality which often gives his poems a religious dimension. He has been described as a Christian poet.

Tranströmer is acclaimed as one of the most important Scandinavian writers since the Second World War. Critics praised his poetry for its accessibility, even in translation. His poetry has been translated into over 60 languages. He received many awards for his poetry, including the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature.
President of Armenia
The president of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Նախագահ, romanized: Hayastani Nakhagah) is the head of state and the guarantor of independence and territorial integrity of Armenia elected to a single seven-year term by the National Assembly of Armenia. Under Armenia's parliamentary system, the president is simply a figurehead and holds ceremonial duties, with most of the political power vested in the parliament and prime minister.

Vahagn Khachaturyan has been serving as president since 13 March 2022.

Vahagn Khachaturyan
Vahagn Garniki Khachaturyan (Armenian: Վահագն Գառնիկի Խաչատուրյան, pronounced [vɑˈhɑɡən χɑt͡ʃʰɑtuɾˈjɑn]; born 22 April 1959) is an Armenian economist and politician who has served as the fifth and current president of Armenia since 2022. He previously served as mayor of Yerevan from 1992 to 1996 and minister of High-Tech Industry from 2021 to 2022 under Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan.

He was a member of the Armenian National Congress (ANC) until his resignation in 2022, although he had not participated in party activities since 2017. He led the ANC list in the 2013 Yerevan City Council election.
Definable real number
Informally, a definable real number is a real number that can be uniquely specified by its description.  The description may be expressed as a construction or as a formula of a formal language. For example, the positive square root of 2, , can be defined as the unique positive solution to the equation , and it can be constructed with a compass and straightedge.

Different choices of a formal language or its interpretation give rise to different notions of definability.  Specific varieties of definable numbers include the  constructible numbers of geometry, the algebraic numbers, and the computable numbers. Because formal languages can have only countably many formulas, every notion of definable numbers has at most countably many definable real numbers. However, by Cantor's diagonal argument, there are uncountably many real numbers, so almost every real number is undefinable.

Algebraic number
In mathematics, an algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients.  For example, the golden ratio  is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial , i.e., a solution to the equation , and the complex number  is algebraic because it is a root of the polynomial . Algebraic numbers include all integers, rational numbers, and n-th roots of integers.

Algebraic complex numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and hence form a field, denoted . The set of algebraic real numbers  is also a field.

Numbers which are not algebraic are called transcendental and include π and e. There are countably infinite algebraic numbers, hence almost all real (or complex) numbers (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) are transcendental.
Dunstable Downs
Dunstable Downs are part of the Chiltern Hills, in southern Bedfordshire, England; and are located near (and named after) the town of Dunstable. They are a chalk escarpment forming the north-eastern reaches of the Chilterns. At 243 m (797 ft), Dunstable Downs are the highest point in the county of Bedfordshire.

Because of its elevation, Dunstable Downs hosted a station in the shutter telegraph chain which connected the Admiralty in London to its naval ships in the port of Great Yarmouth during the years 1808 to 1814.

Whipsnade Zoo has cut an enormous lion shape into the chalk on the side of one of the hills. The lion can be seen from the B489 (Aylesbury to Dunstable road).

The downs are used by gliders, kite fliers, hang gliders and paragliders in the area because of their height. The London Gliding Club is based at the foot of the downs.

Much of the downs is managed by the National Trust as part of the Dunstable Downs & Whipsnade Estate property.

Dunstable
Dunstable (/ˈdʌnstəbəl/ DUN-stə-bəl) is a market town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, east of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles (50 kilometres) north of London. There are several steep chalk escarpments, most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north. Dunstable is the fourth largest town in Bedfordshire and along with Houghton Regis forms the westernmost part of the Luton/Dunstable urban area.
Constantine Rupiny
Constantine Rupiny (born 10 November 1974) is a Roman Catholic prelate in Uganda, who was appointed as the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nebbi by Pope Francis on 26 November 2024. Prior to his appointment as Bishop of Nebbi, Father Constantine Rupiny served as the Rector of the Uganda Martyrs' National Major Seminary Alokolum, in Gulu, Uganda. He was consecrated and installed at Nebbi on 22 February 2025.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Nebbi
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nebbi (Latin: Nebbensis) is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church located in the city of Nebbi in northwestern Uganda. It is a suffragan diocese of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu.
Aldershot Park
Aldershot Park is an urban park in the town of Aldershot in Hampshire. The park is located on Guildford Road near Aldershot Cricket Club and the Lido and is owned and maintained by Rushmoor Borough Council.

Aldershot
Aldershot (/ˈɔːldərʃɒt/ AWL-dər-shot) is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme north-east corner of the county, 31 mi (50 km) south-west of London. The town has a population of 40,160, while the Aldershot Urban Area – a loose conurbation, which also includes other towns such as Camberley and Farnborough – has a population of 243,344; it is the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.

Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town.
Fagaʻalu, American Samoa
Fagaʻalu is a village in central Tutuila Island, American Samoa. It is also known as Fagaʻalo. It is located on the eastern shore of Pago Pago Harbor, to the south of Pago Pago. American Samoa's lone hospital, Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical Medical Center, is located in Fagaʻalu. The village is centered around Fagaalu Stream.

Fagaʻalu has been named one of the best places to surf in American Samoa. It is one of thirteen villages in American Samoa that have been declared Marine Protected Areas.

LBJ Tropical Medical Center
Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical Medical Center is the rural general hospital in American Samoa, and is the only public hospital located in Faga'alu, Maoputasi County.  It has been ranked among the best hospitals in the Pacific Ocean. It is home to an emergency room and there are doctors on duty at all hours. It is a 150-bed facility. It includes TB, leprosy and obstetric units. The hospital was built in 1968 and is operating under a $50 million budget as of 2017. The executive director is Taufete'e John Faumuina.
M-D-Emm
M-D-Emm were an English electronic music trio which consisted of Dave Lee, Emmanuel Cheal (a.k.a. Mike Cheal) and Mark Ryder. The group's name is a combination of each member's first names; Mark, Dave and Emmanuel. Five of their singles charted on the UK Singles Chart between 1988 and 1992. The group disbanded c. 1990, with Ryder continuing the name as a solo act until 1993.

After M-D-Emm, Dave Lee found success as a DJ and producer under numerous aliases including Joey Negro, Jakatta, Doug Willis, Raven Maize, Prospect Park and Sessomatto as well as being part of the Sunburst Band. His most successful releases include "American Dream", "So Lonely", "My Vision" and "Must Be the Music".

Mark Ryder also continued as a DJ and producer, releasing records under numerous aliases in the breakbeat hardcore, drum and bass, house and UK garage genres on his Strictly Underground label. Among his best known releases is the garage track "Joy".

Dave Lee (DJ)
David Russell Lee (born 18 June 1964) is an English DJ and music producer, formerly known by the stage name Joey Negro, which he retired in July 2020 following the George Floyd protests.

He has released music under a variety of pseudonyms, including Jakatta, Doug Willis, Raven Maize, and Sessomatto. He was also a part of the Sunburst Band. Lee has had some top 40 hits, among them "American Dream", "So Lonely" and "My Vision", all under the name Jakatta.
Jack McQuesten
Leroy Napoleon "Jack" McQuesten (1836–1909) was an American pioneer, explorer, trader, and prospector in Alaska and Yukon; he became known as the "Father of the Yukon." Other nicknames included "Yukon Jack," "Captain Jack," "Golden Rule McQuesten," and "Father of Alaska." Together with partners Arthur Harper and Captain Alfred Mayo, he founded Fort Reliance and a wide network of trading posts in the Yukon, often providing a grubstake to prospectors. He was the most successful financially of the trio, becoming a multi-millionaire by 1898 and buying a large Victorian mansion for his family when they moved about that time to  Berkeley, California.

He was the first president of the Alaskan Order of Yukon Pioneers and also belonged to the Yukon Order of Pioneers. He wrote a memoir, Recollections of Leroy N. McQuesten, Life in the Yukon 1871-1885, which was published posthumously in 1952.

Arthur Harper (trader)
Arthur Harper (1835–1897) was an Irish-born Yukon River prospector, trader, and explorer, recognized as the first man to enter the Yukon country seeking gold. He mined in California during the 1850s, and British Columbia during the 1860s, before travelling to the Yukon region in 1871. He reached Fort Yukon in 1873, and managed a store with Jack McQuesten at the Fortymile River. Harper formed a trading partnership with McQuesten and Captain Al Mayo; their company founded Fort Reliance in 1875 and other posts in the Yukon region. Harper was known as the best prospector of the trio, and while he did not achieve major success in his pursuit of gold, he sometimes directed others to finds. He traded and prospected in Alaska until just before his death.
Flensing
Flensing is the removing of the blubber or outer integument of whales, separating it from the animal's meat. Processing the blubber (the subcutaneous fat) into whale oil was the key step that transformed a whale carcass into a stable, transportable commodity. It was an important part of the history of whaling. The whaling that still continues in the 21st century is both industrial and aboriginal. In aboriginal whaling the blubber is rarely rendered into oil, although it may be eaten as muktuk.

Whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales. Oil from the bowhead whale was sometimes known as train-oil, which comes from the Dutch word traan ("tear drop").

Sperm oil, a special kind of oil found in the head cavities of sperm whales, differs chemically from ordinary whale oil: it is composed mostly of liquid wax. Its properties and applications differ from those of detergentized whale oil, and it was sold for a higher price.
Gitarkameratene
Gitarkameratene (Norwegian: The Guitar Buddies) was a Norwegian folk and comedy music supergroup consisting of Lillebjørn Nilsen, Halvdan Sivertsen, Jan Eggum and Øystein Sunde. Originally formed in 1987, the group released two albums and toured extensively until 1994, followed by occasional reunion tours and sporadic appearances until their official disbandment following the death of Nilsen in 2024.

Halvdan Sivertsen
Halvdan Sivertsen (born 5 January 1950) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Tromsø, but raised and lives in Bodø. He has won Spellemannprisen awards five times, twice with his group Gitarkameratene, and received the Culture Prize of Nordland county in 2000.  His album Kjærlighetslandet reached number eight on the Norway albums chart.

The Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists awarded him the "lyrics of the year"-prize in 2010 and an accompanying grant totalling 25 000 Norwegian kroner, for his song Dødsbra dop — a criticism of Norwegian soldiers' behaviour in Afghanistan, and Norwegian politicians.
Hybridity
Hybridity, in its most basic sense, refers to mixture. The term originates from biology and was subsequently employed in linguistics and in racial theory in the nineteenth century. Its contemporary uses are scattered across numerous academic disciplines and is salient in popular culture. Hybridity is used in discourses about race, postcolonialism, identity, anti-racism and multiculturalism, and globalization, developed from its roots as a biological term.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Temptation Come My Way
Temptation Come My Way is the Showdown's second album.  It features a more focused sound than their previous album, which was a fusion of various heavy metal genres. The sound of Temptation Come My Way is southern rock combined with more traditional heavy metal.  It is also the last album to feature Andrew Hall, before being replaced by former Still Remains drummer AJ Barrette.

A clean edition of the album was distributed that removes the track "Fanatics and Whores", sold in Family Christian Stores or Lifeway stores. The edition is also sold by online distributor Zambooie, even though it has the original edition's track listing in their product description.

The Showdown (band)
The Showdown is an American heavy metal band from Elizabethton, Tennessee. While the members of the band are Christian and the band is signed to a Christian record label, the band does not consider itself a Christian act, according to guitarist Josh Childers, while in an interview with vocalist David Bunton, when asked about a Christian metal band, answered without correcting the interviewer. Lyrically, their writing tells of heroism, sojourns and battles of life, most of which is influenced by Biblical aspects. As of 2008, they are signed to Solid State Records. The band was originally called 2540 from 1999 to 2004.
Aleksandar Tijanić
Aleksandar Tijanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Тијанић; 13 December 1949 – 28 October 2013) was a Serbian journalist and director-general of the country's public broadcaster Radio-Television of Serbia from 2004 to 2013. During his career he was a star columnist for leading newspapers and magazines published in SFR Yugoslavia and Serbia, editor in chief of several prominent television stations, political advisor to prominent Serbian politicians, and Minister of Information for four months in 1996 in the government headed by Mirko Marjanović during the rule of Slobodan Milošević.

A polarising figure in Serbian society, Tijanić gathered a great deal of admirers as well as enemies throughout the years.

Radio Television of Serbia
Radio Television of Serbia (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Србије, romanized: Radio-televizija Srbije), or RTS (Serbian: РТС), formerly known as Radio Television Belgrade (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Београд, romanized: Radio-televizija Beograd) or RTB (Serbian: РТБ) from 1958 to 1992, is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Serbia. RTS has four organizational units – radio, television, music production, and record label (PGP-RTS). It is financed primarily through monthly subscription fees and advertising revenue.
Al-Ikhlas
Al-Ikhlāṣ (Arabic: الْإِخْلَاص, "Sincerity"), also known as the Declaration of God's Unity and al-Tawḥid (Arabic: التوحيد, "Monotheism"), is the 112th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran.

According to George Sale, this chapter is held in particular veneration by Muslims, and declared, by Islamic tradition, to be equal in value to a third part of the whole Quran. It is said to have been revealed during the Quraysh's conflict with Muhammad; in answer to a challenge over the distinguishing attributes of God, Muhammad invited them to worship.

Al-Ikhlas is not merely the name of this surah but also the title of its contents, for it deals exclusively with Tawhid. The other surahs of the Quran generally have been designated after a word occurring in them, but in this surah the word Ikhlaṣ has occurred nowhere. It has been given this name in view of its meaning and subject matter.

Al-Falaq
Al-Falaq or The Daybreak (Arabic: ٱلْفَلَقِ, al-falaq) is the 113th and penultimate chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an. Alongside the 114th surah (Al-Nas), it helps form the Al-Mu'awwidhatayn. Al-Falaq is a brief five ayat (verse) surah, asking God for protection from evil:

۝ Say, "I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak,

۝  From the evil of His creation

۝ And from the evil of darkness when it settles

۝ And from the evil of the blowers in knots

۝ And from the evil of an envier when he envies."
Giovanni Segantini
Giovanni Segantini (15 January 1858 – 28 September 1899) was an Italian-Austrian painter known for his large pastoral landscapes of the Alps. He was one of the most famous artists in Europe in the late 19th century, and his paintings were collected by major museums. In later life, he combined a Divisionist painting style with Symbolist images of nature. He was active in Switzerland during the last period of his life.

Divisionism
Divisionism, also called chromoluminarism, is the characteristic style in Neo-Impressionist painting defined by the separation of colors into individual dots or patches that interact optically.

By requiring the viewer to combine the colors optically instead of physically mixing pigments, Divisionists believed that they were achieving the maximum luminosity scientifically possible. Georges Seurat founded the style around 1884 as chromoluminarism, drawing from his understanding of the scientific theories of Michel Eugène Chevreul, Ogden Rood and Charles Blanc, among others. Divisionism developed along with another style, Pointillism, which is defined specifically by the use of dots of paint and does not necessarily focus on the separation of colors.
Pakubuwono XI
Pakubuwono XI (also transliterated as Pakubuwana XI; 1 February 1886 – 1 June 1945) was the tenth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) during the Second World War – and during the Japanese occupation of Java.

In his capacity as the eleventh Susuhunan, Pakubuwono XI was an officer à la suite of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL). He was made a Major General of the KNIL on 15 April 1939.

Pakubuwono XII
Pakubuwono XII (also transliterated Pakubuwana XII; Surakarta, 14 April 1925 – Surakarta, 11 June 2004) was the eleventh Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) and the longest-ruling of all monarchs in Surakarta history.

He reigned under Japanese occupation during the Second World War, and through the Sukarno and Suharto eras; in effect, three eras in which traditional Javanese power had been both respected and challenged.

Towards the end of his reign, he was able to stake  the claim of his palaces' context in the modern Indonesia by the publication of Karaton Surakarta: A Look into the Court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, Central Java which was published in the same year of his death.
Victoria Howard
Victoria Howard, also Victoria (Wishikin) Wacheno Howard (c. 1865–1930), was a Clackamas Chinook storyteller from Oregon, USA. She was a Molala, Clackamas, and Tualatin citizen of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon.

Howard's songs and stories were dictated, transcribed, and published as Clackamas Chinook Texts. They were used as classroom reading texts for Indigenous school children and are now regarded as a rich record of the Indigenous northwest Oregon storytelling and performance art.

Molala
The Molala are a Native American people of Oregon that originally resided in the Western Cascades. There are few recorded sources about the Molala, the majority being unpublished manuscripts. This assortment includes the works of Albert S. Gatschet, Franz Boas, Leo J. Frachtenberg, Philip Drucker, Melville Jacobs, and Leslie Spier.

Descendants of the Molala reside on the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon, Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians, and the Klamath Tribes. In the 1950s 141 of the 882 Grand Ronde Reservation members claimed Molala descent.
Only Lovers Left Alive
Only Lovers Left Alive is a 2013 Gothic fantasy comedy-drama film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch, starring Tilda Swinton, Tom Hiddleston, Mia Wasikowska, Anton Yelchin, Jeffrey Wright, Slimane Dazi and John Hurt. An international co-production between the United Kingdom and Germany, the film focuses on the romance between two vampires and was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.

In 2016, the film was ranked among the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century by 177 critics around the world. In late 2019, it was named the fourth greatest film of the 2010s by The Hollywood Reporter's chief film critic Todd McCarthy.

Jim Jarmusch
James Robert Jarmusch (/ˈdʒɑːrməʃ/ JAR-məsh; born January 22, 1953) is an American filmmaker and musician.

He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s, directing films such as Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), Night on Earth (1991), Dead Man (1995), Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999), Coffee and Cigarettes (2003), Broken Flowers (2005), Only Lovers Left Alive (2013), Paterson (2016) and Father Mother Sister Brother (2025). Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002. For Father Mother Sister Brother, Jarmusch won the Golden Lion at the 82nd Venice Film Festival.

As a musician, he has been part of the no wave band The Del-Byzanteens and in addition composed music for some of his films. He has released four musical albums with Jozef van Wissem.
Akiyama Nobutomo
Akiyama Nobutomo (秋山 信友; 1527 – December 28, 1575) was a samurai during the Sengoku period in Japan.  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen".  Nobutomo also served under Shingen's son, Takeda Katsuyori.

Takeda Shingen
Takeda Shingen (武田 信玄; December 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was a Japanese samurai who was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku period. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyo of the late Sengoku period, despite being based in a poor area with little arable land and no access to the sea.