hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mississippi Highway 9
Mississippi Highway 9 (MS 9) in the Appalachian Foothills (aka North Central Hills) region of northeastern Mississippi, running north–south from MS 30 east of New Albany to MS 12 in Ackerman. It runs approximately 116 miles (187 km), serving Choctaw, Webster, Calhoun, Pontotoc, and Union counties. MS 9W veers off to the left in a curve just about 2 miles north of Bruce. It goes north north-west until it merges with MS 7 just south of Oxford.

Mississippi Highway 30
Mississippi Highway 30 (MS 30) is an American state highway that runs across the North Central Hills of the Appalachian Mountains in northeast Mississippi. It travels east–west for 91.1 miles (146.6 km) from MS 7 at Oxford, Mississippi to the Natchez Trace Parkway in Mingo near the Alabama state line.
Japan National Route 8
National Route 8 (国道8号, Kokudō hachi-gō) is a major highway in the Hokuriku and Kansai regions of central Japan. The 574.1-kilometer (356.7 mi) highway begins at an intersection with National Routes 7, 17, 49, 113, and 116 in Chūō-ku, Niigata. It travels southwest across central Honshu, connecting the prefecture capitals: Toyama, Kanazawa, Fukui, and Ōtsu.  In Kyoto it travels concurrently with National Route 1 toward its endpoint at an intersection with National Routes 9, 24, and 367 in Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto.

Japan National Route 116
National Route 116 (国道116号, Kokudō Hyaku jūrokugō) is a national highway of Japan that traverses the prefecture of Niigata in a southwest–northeast routing. It connects the city of Kashiwazaki in south-central Niigata Prefecture to the prefecture's capital city, Niigata, to the north along the Sea of Japan coastline. It has a total length of 78.9 kilometers (49.0 mi).
Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.

Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By 400 AD many of the written works intended for preservation in these regions had been transferred from papyrus to parchment. Vellum is a type of fine-quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves.

The generic term animal membrane is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum.
Sapporo Station
Sapporo Station (札幌駅, Sapporo-eki) is a major railway station in Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. It is served by Hakodate Main Line and other lines of Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), and is also connected to the Subway Sapporo Station.

Sapporo Station is the starting point and terminus for most limited express services operated by JR Hokkaido. It also has the tallest building (JR Tower) in Hokkaido. Sapporo station is developing into a commercial center as large as Ōdōri Park and Susukino.

Sapporo JR Tower
Sapporo JR Tower (Japanese: JRタワー) is a skyscraper, shopping mall and office complex in Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. The tower is located above JR Sapporo Station South entrance, and the height of the tower is 173 m (568 ft) with 38 stories. Officially, Sapporo JR Tower includes not only the Tower itself, but also the Sapporo Stellar Place, the Daimaru Sapporo branch store, the Sapporo Cinema Frontier, the JR Tower Hotel Nikko Sapporo, office complex, and other sections neighboring JR Sapporo Station. It also houses the parking lot, observation deck, and heliport.

Sapporo JR Tower was officially opened on March 6, 2003 by the Sapporo-Eki Minamiguchi Kaihatsu Co. Ltd., (札幌駅南口開発株式会社, Sapporo Station South Entrance Development in English), which was later renamed to the Sapporo-Eki Sogo Kaihatsu Co., Ltd. (札幌駅総合開発株式会社, Sapporo Station General Development) in 2005.
15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars
The 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. The regiment was formed by the amalgamation of the 15th The King's Hussars and the 19th Royal Hussars in 1922 and, after service in the Second World War, it was amalgamated with the 13th/18th Royal Hussars to form the Light Dragoons in 1992.

Light Dragoons
The Light Dragoons (LD) is a cavalry regiment in the British Army. The regiment has a light cavalry role and specialises in mounted and dismounted reconnaissance. The Light Dragoons recruit mainly in Northern England, from County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire. For this reason, the regiment is known as "England's Northern Cavalry". It is currently based in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire.
Dream argument
The dream argument is the postulation that the act of dreaming provides preliminary evidence that the senses we trust to distinguish reality from illusion should not be fully trusted, and therefore, any state that is dependent on our senses should at the very least be carefully examined and rigorously tested to determine whether it is in fact reality.

Reality
Reality is the state of everything that exists, not how they might be imagined. Different cultures and academic disciplines conceptualize it in various ways.

Philosophical questions about the nature of reality, existence, or being are considered under the rubric of ontology, a major branch of metaphysics in the Western intellectual tradition. Ontological questions also feature in diverse branches of philosophy, including the philosophy of science, religion, mathematics, and logic. These include questions about whether only physical objects are real (e.g., physicalism), whether reality is fundamentally immaterial (e.g., idealism), whether hypothetical unobservable entities posited by scientific theories exist (e.g., scientific realism), whether God exists, whether numbers and other abstract objects exist, and whether possible worlds exist. Skeptics question whether any of those claims is true, and suggest more extreme postulates.
Maryam bint Uthman
Maryam bint al-Shaikh Uthman bin Fudi (born 1810 – died c.1880s), also known by her title Uwardeji, was a scholar, teacher and influential figure in the Sokoto Caliphate. The youngest daughter of the Caliphate's founder, Usman dan Fodio, she was known for her learning and for her role in political and religious life in both Sokoto and Kano. She studied under her father and her sister Nana Asma'u, later becoming active in Asma'u's Yan Taru women's education movement, which she later led. Through her marriages, including to Emir of Kano Ibrahim Dabo, Maryam became connected to leading families of the Caliphate and played a mediating role in Kano–Sokoto relations. She was also regarded as an authority on Islamic eschatology, particularly debates surrounding the Mahdi in the late 19th century.

Nana Asmaʼu
Nana Asmaʾu (pronunciationⓘ; full name: Asmaʾu bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo pronunciationⓘ, Arabic: نانا أسماء بنت عثمان فودي; 1793–1864) was a Fula princess, poet, teacher, public intellectual, political actor and scholarly authority and a daughter of the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, Usman dan Fodio. She remains a revered figure in northern Nigeria. She is held up by some as an example of education and independence of women possible under Islam, and by others as a precursor to modern feminism in Africa.
Dave Bartis
David Bartis (born in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American film and television producer best known for producing Suits, The O.C., and Edge of Tomorrow.

Additionally, he is known for producing Covert Affairs, the Netflix spy-adventure series The Recruit, and Fair Game, a biographical political drama based on Valerie Plame's memoir of the same name starring Sean Penn and Naomi Watts.

Most of his career has been associated with the production company Hypnotic. He is co-owner with Doug Liman, whom he met as an undergraduate at Brown University.

Doug Liman
Douglas Eric Liman (/ˈlaɪmən/; born July 24, 1965) is an American film director and producer. He is known for directing the films Swingers (1996), Go (1999), The Bourne Identity (2002), Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Jumper (2008), Edge of Tomorrow (2014), American Made (2017), and Road House (2024).

Most of his career has been associated with the production company Hypnotic. He is co-owner with Dave Bartis, whom he met as an undergraduate at Brown University where they co-founded Brown Television (BTV) and the National Association of College Broadcasters (NACB).

Liman is on the advisory board of the Legal Action Center and the Arthur Liman Public Interest Program at Yale Law School.
Sikorsky S-73
The Sikorsky S-73 was a proposed aircraft design to meet the United States Army requirement in 1970 for a Heavy Lift Helicopter (HLH) capable of carrying 45,000 lb (20,000 kg; 20 t), a lifting capacity more than twice that of Sikorsky's most powerful helicopter at that time.

The Sikorsky's S-73 design was an enlarged version of the successful CH-54/S-64 with a simplified and improved single main rotor powered by three General Electric TF34-58 turboshaft engines rated at a combined 21,000 hp (15,660 kW). A crew of five would operate the aircraft from the forward cockpit with pushbuttons replacing the traditional cyclic stick and collective lever. Behind the cockpit an aft cabin provided capacity for 12 combat troops.

Sikorsky submitted their design in February 1971, then in May the Army declared the Boeing Vertol XCH-62 winner of the contract, ending the Sikorsky S-73 program.

Boeing Vertol XCH-62
The Boeing Vertol XCH-62 (Model 301) was a triple-turbine, heavy-lift helicopter project designed for the United States Army by Boeing Vertol. Approved in 1971, one prototype reached 95% completion before it was canceled in 1975. The prototype was scrapped in 2005.
Cornovii (Midlands)
The Cornovii were a Celtic people of the Iron Age and Roman Britain, who lived principally in the modern English counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, north Staffordshire, north Herefordshire and eastern parts of the Welsh counties of Flintshire, Powys and Wrexham. Their capital in pre-Roman times was probably a hillfort on the Wrekin. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography names two of their towns: Deva Victrix (Chester) and Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter), which became their capital under Roman rule.

Their territory was bordered by the Brigantes to the North, the Corieltauvi to the East, the Dobunni to the South, and the Deceangli and Ordovices to the West.

The people who inhabited the very north of the British mainland (modern Caithness), and Cornwall were also known by the same name, but according to mainstream or academic opinion were quite separate and unrelated peoples. (see list of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes).

Viroconium Cornoviorum
Viroconium or Uriconium, formally Viroconium Cornoviorum, was a Roman city, one corner of which is now occupied by Wroxeter, a small village in Shropshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) east-south-east of Shrewsbury. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the 4th-largest Roman settlement in Britain, a civitas with a population of more than 15,000. The settlement probably lasted until the end of the 7th century or the beginning of the 8th. Extensive remains can still be seen.
Arumugam Thondaman
Savumiamoorthy Arumugam Ramanathan Thondaman (29 May 1964 – 26 May 2020) was a Sri Lankan politician who served as a Cabinet Minister. He was the grandson of prominent unionist Saumyamoorthi Thondaman. He was the leader of the Ceylon Workers' Congress, a Member of Parliament representing the Nuwara Eliya District and was an advocate for the Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka.  His career as a politician spanned over 20 years, holding several ministerial portfolios in different governments. He was regarded as one of the prominent politicians from Nuwara Eliya.

Savumiamoorthy Thondaman
Savumiamoorthy Thondaman (30 August 1913 – 30 October 1999; also spelled Saumyamurthy Thondaman or Saumiyamoorthy Thondaman) was a Sri Lankan politician who represented the Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka of which he was a member. At the time of his death, he was both the oldest and the seniormost member of the Sri Lankan Cabinet where he had served continuously for 21 years from 1978, under four Sri Lankan Presidents and the leader of the political party Ceylon Workers' Congress. He was succeeded by his grandson Arumugam Thondaman.
Telewest
Telewest (previously Telewest Broadband and Telewest Communications) was a cable internet, broadband internet, telephone supplier and cable television provider in the United Kingdom. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was also once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

In March 2006, Telewest merged with fellow cable telecom company NTL, and created "NTL:Telewest", which then also merged with Virgin Mobile and Virgin.net in June 2006, creating the United Kingdom's first "quadruple play" telecom provider, offering television, internet, landline phone and mobile phone services. In February 2007, NTL:Telewest was rebranded as Virgin Media.

NTL Incorporated
NTL Incorporated, branded as ntl:, was a United States-listed British company founded in 1992, which provided cable television, cable internet and fixed-line cable telephone services. While NTL had its headquarters in New York City, the company's activities focused heavily on the United Kingdom, with operational headquarters in Hook, Hampshire.

NTL became the dominant cable operator in the United Kingdom, controlling more than 90% of the market. In 2005 residential services generated 78% of NTL's revenue, and business services 22%.

In March 2006, NTL merged with fellow cable telecom company Telewest, and created 'NTL:Telewest', which then also merged with Virgin Mobile UK and Virgin.net in June 2006, creating the UK's first "quadruple play" telecom provider, offering television, internet, landline phone and mobile phone services. In February 2007, NTL:Telewest was rebranded as Virgin Media.
Invasion of the Saucer Men
Invasion of the Saucer Men (U.K. title: Invasion of the Hell Creatures; working title: Spacemen Saturday Night), is a 1957 black-and-white comic science fiction/comedy horror film produced by James H. Nicholson for release by American International Pictures. The film was directed by Edward L. Cahn and stars Stephen Terrell, Gloria Castillo, Raymond Hatton, and Frank Gorshin. The alien costumes were designed by Paul Blaisdell, who played one of the creatures in the film, along with dwarf actor Angelo Rossitto and Blaisdell's friend Bob Burns III. Special effects were handled by Howard A. Anderson and Alex Weldon, and Don Ament was Art Director.

The screenplay by Robert J. Gurney Jr. and Al Martin was based on the 1955 short story "The Cosmic Frame" by Paul W. Fairman. Invasion of the Saucer Men was released as a double feature with I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957).

I Was a Teenage Werewolf
I Was a Teenage Werewolf is a 1957 American science fiction horror film directed by Gene Fowler Jr., and starring Michael Landon as a troubled teenager, Yvonne Lime, and Whit Bissell. Co-written and produced by cult film producer Herman Cohen, it was one of the most successful films released by American International Pictures (AIP).

The film was originally released on June 19, 1957 as a double feature with Invasion of the Saucer Men. The release included the tagline, "We DARE You To See The Most Amazing Motion Pictures Of Our Time!"
Houghton Lake, Michigan
Houghton Lake (/ˈhoʊʔən/; HOH-ʼn) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Roscommon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,294 during the 2020 census, making it the largest unincorporated community in Northern Michigan. The CDP is located within Denton, Lake, and Roscommon townships.

The community of Houghton Lake is named after and situated upon Houghton Lake, the largest inland lake in Michigan. It includes the unincorporated community of Houghton Lake Heights. The CDP of Prudenville is immediately east of Houghton Lake. M-55 is the primary thoroughfare serving the community, running east–west.

Prudenville, Michigan
Prudenville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Roscommon County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 1,643 at the 2020 census.  Prudenville is located within Denton Township.
Gertrude Jekyll
Gertrude Jekyll VMH (/ˈdʒiːkəl/ JEE-kəl; 29 November 1843 – 8 December 1932) was a British horticulturist, garden designer, craftswoman, photographer, writer and artist.  She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, and wrote over 1000 articles for magazines such as Country Life and William Robinson's The Garden. Jekyll has been described as "a premier influence in garden design" by British and American gardening enthusiasts.

Victoria Medal of Honour
The Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH) is awarded to British horticulturists resident in the United Kingdom whom the Royal Horticultural Society Council considers deserving of special honour by the Society.

The award was established in 1897 "in perpetual remembrance of Her Majesty's glorious reign, and to enable the Council to confer honour on British horticulturists." The Society's rules state that only sixty-three horticulturists can hold the VMH at any given time, in commemoration of the sixty-three years of Queen Victoria's reign. Therefore, the honour is not awarded every year, but may be made to multiple recipients in other years.
Euler class
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic topology, the Euler class is a characteristic class of oriented, real vector bundles. Like other characteristic classes, it measures how "twisted" the vector bundle is. In the case of the tangent bundle of a smooth manifold, it generalizes the classical notion of Euler characteristic.  It is named after Leonhard Euler because of this.

Throughout this article  is an oriented, real vector bundle of rank  over a base space .

Characteristic class
In mathematics, a characteristic class is a way of associating to each principal bundle of X a cohomology class of X. The cohomology class measures the extent to which the bundle is "twisted" and whether it possesses sections. Characteristic classes are global invariants that measure the deviation of a local product structure from a global product structure. They are one of the unifying geometric concepts in algebraic topology, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry.

The notion of characteristic class arose in 1935 in the work of Eduard Stiefel and Hassler Whitney about vector fields on manifolds.
FN Baby Browning
The 1931 Fabrique Nationale (FN) Baby Browning is a small blowback-operated, semi-automatic pistol designed by Belgium-born Dieudonné Saive and based on John Browning's 1908 Vest Pocket pistol. Chambered with the .25 Automatic Colt Pistol (ACP) cartridge (6.35x15mm), the pistol accepts a six-round magazine and features a manual safety. It uses a striker-fired, single action, blowback mechanism.

Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket
The Model 1908 Vest Pocket is a compact, hammerless, striker-fired, semi-automatic single-action pistol. Manufactured by the Colt's Manufacturing Company from 1908 to 1948, it was marketed as a small concealable firearm which could be easily tucked into a vest pocket for unobtrusive carry. Designed by John Moses Browning, the Model 1908 followed Browning’s earlier European version, introduced by Fabrique Nationale de Herstal as the FN Model 1906. Both pistols were chambered for the Browning-invented .25 ACP (6.35mm Browning) cartridge.
Molsidomine
Molsidomine (trade names Corvasal, Corvaton and many others) is an orally active, short acting vasodilating drug used to treat angina pectoris. Molsidomine is metabolized in the liver to the active metabolite linsidomine. Linsidomine is an unstable compound that releases nitric oxide (NO) upon decay as the actual vasodilating compound.

Linsidomine
Linsidomine (3-morpholinosydnonimine or SIN-1) is a vasodilator. It is a metabolite of the antianginal drug molsidomine and acts by releasing NO from the endothelial cells nonenzymatically. It also hyperpolarizes the cell membrane through influencing the sodium-potassium pump and thereby rendering it less responsive to adrenergic stimulation. Linsidomine injection at a dose of 1 mg produces usable erection in about 70% of patients and full erection in up to 50% of patients. Linsidomine does not appear to be associated with priapism.

Linsidomine is neurotoxic and promotes oxidative stress on neurons. Linsidomine is a peroxynitrite-generating compound involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Alpine F1 Team
Alpine Racing Limited (/ˈælpɪn/), currently racing as BWT Alpine F1 Team for sponsorship reasons, is the name under which the Enstone-based Formula One team has been competing since the start of the 2021 Formula One World Championship. Formerly named Renault F1 Team and owned by the French automotive company Groupe Renault as well as Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, the team was rebranded for 2021 to promote Renault's sports car brand, Alpine, and continued to serve as Renault's works team, a position the team kept until Renault pulled out of Formula One (as an engine manufacturer) at the end of 2025. The team is based in Enstone, Oxfordshire, England and competes with a French licence.

Team Enstone
"Team Enstone" is the colloquial name for a Formula One team based in Enstone, Oxfordshire, which has won seven Formula One World Championships. Since 1981, the same team has competed under five identities—most notably Benetton Formula and Renault F1 Team—and three nationalities (British, Italian and French). It is currently owned by Renault and known as the Alpine F1 Team.

As of the 2025 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, forty-seven drivers have competed for the five constructors in the lineage in 799 Grands Prix, winning fifty of them. Notable drivers include World Champions Ayrton Senna, Nelson Piquet, Michael Schumacher, Jenson Button, Fernando Alonso, and Kimi Räikkönen. Schumacher and Alonso both won two Drivers' Championships with the team.