hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Annales Bertiniani
Annales Bertiniani (Annals of Saint Bertin) are late Carolingian Frankish annals that were found in the Abbey of Saint Bertin, Saint-Omer, France, after which they are named.  Their account is taken to cover the period 830-82, thus continuing the Royal Frankish Annals (741–829), from which, however, it has circulated independently in only one manuscript. They are available in the Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Waitz 1883) and in a later French edition taking into account a newly discovered manuscript (Grat 1964).
The Annals of St. Bertin are one of the principal sources of ninth-century Francia, and are particularly well-informed on events in the West Frankish sphere of Charles the Bald. The Annales Fuldenses are usually read as an East Frankish counterpart to their narrative.

Annales Fuldenses
The Annales Fuldenses or Annals of Fulda are East Frankish chronicles that cover independently the period from the last years of Louis the Pious (died 840) to shortly after the end of effective Carolingian rule in East Francia with the accession of the child-king, Louis III, in 900. Throughout this period they are a near contemporary record of the events they describe and a primary source for Carolingian historiography. They are usually read as a counterpart to the narrative found in the West Frankish Annales Bertiniani.
2019 IIHF Women's Challenge Cup of Asia Division I
The 2019 IIHF Women's Challenge Cup of Asia Division I was an international women's ice hockey tournament run by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The tournament took place between 14 April and 19 April 2019 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and was the fifth edition held since its formation in 2014 under the IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia series of tournaments. The tournament made up the second level of competition sitting below the 2019 IIHF Women's Challenge Cup of Asia. The Philippines won the tournament after finishing first in the standings. The United Arab Emirates finished in second place and India finished third.

2019 IIHF Women's Challenge Cup of Asia
The 2019 IIHF Women's Challenge Cup of Asia was an international women's ice hockey tournament run by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The tournament took place between 14 April and 19 April 2019 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and was the seventh edition held since its formation in 2010 under the IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia series of tournaments. Thailand won the tournament after finishing first in the standings. Chinese Taipei finished in second place and Singapore finished third.
The Under Dog and Other Stories
The Under Dog and Other Stories is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the United States in 1951, Dodd Mead and Company. The title story was published in booklet form along with Blackman's Wood (by E. Phillips Oppenheim) in the United Kingdom in 1929 by The Reader's Library. The first US edition retailed at $2.50.

It contains works from the early days of Christie's career, all featuring Hercule Poirot. All the stories were published in British and American magazines between 1923 and 1926. All of the stories, save the title story, were to appear again in 1974 in Poirot's Early Cases.

Poirot's Early Cases
Poirot's Early Cases is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by Collins Crime Club in September 1974. The book retailed at £2.25. Although the stories contained within the volume had all appeared in previous US collections, the book also appeared there later in 1974 under the slightly different title of Hercule Poirot's Early Cases in an edition retailing at $6.95.

In this collection, Christie charts some of the cases from Hercule Poirot's early career, before he was internationally renowned as a detective. All the stories had first been published in periodicals between 1923 and 1935.
Burleigh, New Jersey
Burleigh is an unincorporated community  and census-designated place (CDP) located within Middle Township in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey; Until the 2000 census the area had been part of the Whitesboro-Burleigh CDP, which was split in 2010 into separate CDPs for Burleigh and Whitesboro. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP's population was 725.

Whitesboro-Burleigh, New Jersey
Whitesboro-Burleigh was a census-designated place and unincorporated community located within Middle Township, in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Ocean City Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 United States census, the CDP's population was 1,836. In the 2010 United States census, the Whitesboro-Burleigh CDP was split into two new CDPs, Whitesboro and Burleigh.

Whitesboro was founded as a planned residential community for African Americans and has the majority-black population of the township.
Maalai Malar
Maalai Malar is a daily evening Tamil newspaper. It is owned by Daily Thanti group. It was founded by S. P. Adithanar in 1977 at Coimbatore. Maalai Malar has twelve editions published from Chennai,  Vellore, Dindigul,  Thanjavur, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore, Erode, Madurai, Nagercoil, Pudhucheri, Salem and Tiruchirappalli.

Dina Thanthi

Thanthi TV

Hello FM

DT Next (Chennai Based English Daily Newspaper)

Dina Thanthi
Dina Thanthi (Tamil: தினத்தந்தி, English: Daily Mail; known as Daily Thanthi in English) is a Tamil language daily newspaper. It was founded by S. P. Adithanar in Madurai in 1942. Dina Thanthi is India's largest daily printed in the Tamil language and the ninth largest among all dailies in India by circulation. It is printed in 16 cities across India and also prints an international edition in Dubai and Sri Lanka. The Daily Thanthi group has ventured into the general entertainment sector with the launch of its new channel, Thanthi One, on 19 May 2024.
Type 80 machine gun
The Type 80 (Chinese: 80式通用机枪) is a general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) manufactured by Norinco in China, based on the Soviet PKM. The machine gun was certified for design finalisation in 1980 and entered the PLA service in the mid-1980s, specifically in 1983. The Type 80 was intended as a successor to the Chinese independently developed Type 67, doing well in tests conducted in the Chengdu Military Region before it was dropped and instead, opted to keep the Type 67 GPMG in use.

Only a few Type 80s were used in the People's Liberation Army Marine Corps and airborne units, and a modified Type 80, named as Type 86, was then accepted by PLA armor units.

PK machine gun
The PK (Russian: Пулемёт Калашникова, transliterated as Pulemyot Kalashnikova, English: "Kalashnikov's machine gun"code: eng promoted to code: en ), is a belt-fed general-purpose machine gun, chambered for the 7.62×54mmR rimmed cartridge. The modernised variant is known as the PKM, which features several enhancements over the original PK design including a more ergonomic design.

Designed in the Soviet Union and currently in production in Russia, the original PK machine gun was introduced in 1961 and the improved PKM variant was introduced in 1969. The PKM was designed to replace the SGM and RP-46 machine guns that were previously in Soviet service.

The PK remains in use as a front-line infantry and vehicle-mounted machine gun with Russia's armed forces and has also been exported extensively and produced in several other countries under license.
Walter Landor Dickens
Walter Savage Landor Dickens (8 February 1841 – 31 December 1863) was the fourth child and second son of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. He became an officer cadet in the East India Company's Presidency armies just before the Indian Rebellion of 1857.  The rebellion resulted in the British Crown extending direct rule to India, and Dickens continued to serve in what was now becoming the British Indian Army until his death.

Catherine Dickens
Catherine Thomson "Kate" Dickens (née Hogarth; 19 May 1815 – 22 November 1879) was a British author and purportedly a popular cook and author of a Victorian cookbook "What Shall We have For Dinner" under the pen name Lady Maria Clutterbuck. For about twenty years, she was married to the novelist Charles Dickens, during which time she kept up a large house and raised ten children. Following their highly public and very controversial separation, in 1858, Catherine was subjected to broader scrutiny in the press and increasingly defamed, many characterizations being, it was said, formed through her husband's public slander of her. Recent scholarly appraisals have tried to reinstate voice and agency to her, acknowledge her contributions to Victorian domestic culture, and reconsider the gendered dynamics of her marriage.
Mason Musso
Mason Tyler Musso (born March 17, 1989) is an American musician, singer and songwriter, best known for being the older brother of actor Mitchel Musso and former lead vocalist of Metro Station. He is also the lead vocalist for Social Order.

Mitchel Musso
Mitchel Tate Musso (born July 9, 1991) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his Disney Channel roles as Oliver Oken in Hannah Montana, Jeremy Johnson in the animated series Phineas and Ferb, and his Disney XD role as King Brady on Pair of Kings as well as the host of Disney Channel's PrankStars.

He voiced DJ in the animated film, Monster House, and starred as Raymond Figg in the Disney Channel Original Movie, Life Is Ruff, released in 2005, as well as Cleatus Poole in the film, Hatching Pete in 2009. Musso's self-titled debut album was released on June 2, 2009, on Walt Disney Records. The album debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200.
Triphthong
In phonetics, a triphthong (UK: /ˈtrɪfθɒŋ, ˈtrɪpθɒŋ/ TRIF-thong, TRIP-thong, US: /-θɔːŋ/ -⁠thawng) (from Greek τρίφθογγος triphthongos, lit. 'with three sounds'  or 'with three tones') is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two and triphthongs three.

Triphthongs are not to be confused with disyllabic sequences of a diphthong followed by a monophthong, as in German Feuer [ˈfɔʏ.ɐ] 'fire', where the final vowel is longer than those found in triphthongs.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
I-Soon leak
On 16 February 2024, a series of documents from Chinese information company i-Soon (Chinese: 安洵信息) were leaked on GitHub. The documents showed that the company engaged with several hacking and cyber espionage activities with the Chinese government. After the leak, the Chinese government's role in cyberwarfare and its connection with private Internet companies became the focus of international attention and media investigation.

Cyberwarfare and China
Cyberwarfare is the strategic use of computer technology to disrupt the functions of a state or organization, specifically through the deliberate targeting of information systems for military or tactical purposes. In the People's Republic of China, it is related to the aggregate of cyberattacks attributed to state organs and related advanced persistent threat (APT) groups.
David C. Jewitt
David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is an astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies. He is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he is a Member of the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, the Director of the Institute for Planets and Exoplanets, Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences. He is best known for being the first person (along with Jane Luu) to discover a body beyond Pluto and Charon in the Kuiper belt.

Jane Luu
Jane X. Luu (Vietnamese: Lưu Lệ Hằng; born July 1963) is a Vietnamese-American astronomer and defense systems engineer. She was awarded the Kavli Prize (shared with David C. Jewitt and Michael Brown) for 2012 "for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system".

Luu immigrated to the United States as a refugee in 1975, when the South Vietnamese government during the fall of Saigon. She and her family lived in refugee camps and motels before they settled in Kentucky, where she had relatives. She graduated from high school as valedictorian and then earned a scholarship to Stanford University, receiving her bachelor's degree in physics in 1984. Working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at NASA after college inspired her to study astronomy.
Salama ibn Sa'd
Salama ibn Sa'd ibn Ali ibn Asad al-Hadrami al-Yamani (Arabic: سلمة بن سعد, fl. 752) was an Islamic scholar, considered the first Ibadi preacher to arrive in the Maghreb to promote this school of thought. He studied under Jabir ibn Zayd and Abu Ubayda Muslim ibn Abi Karima.

Abu Ubayda Muslim ibn Abi Karima
Abu Ubayda Muslim ibn Abi Karima (Arabic: أبو عبيدة مسلم بن أبي كريمة) was an Ibadi Islamic scholar and main figure in Basra, known for his teachings and influence. He studied under Jabir ibn Zayd, who greatly shaped his understanding of Ibadi thought.
Hercules Graphics Card
The Hercules Graphics Card (HGC) is a computer graphics controller formerly made by Hercules Computer Technology, Inc. that combines IBM's text-only MDA display standard with a bitmapped graphics mode, also offering a parallel printer port. This allows the HGC to offer both high-quality text and graphics from a single card.

The HGC was very popular and became a widely supported de facto display standard on IBM PC compatibles. The HGC standard was used long after more technically capable systems had entered the market, especially on dual-monitor setups.

IBM Monochrome Display Adapter
The Monochrome Display Adapter  (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) is IBM's standard video display card and computer display standard for the IBM PC introduced in 1981. The MDA does not have any pixel-addressable graphics modes, only a single monochrome text mode which can display 80 columns by 25 lines of high-resolution text characters or symbols useful for drawing forms.
Gold Coast Broadwater
The Gold Coast Broadwater, also known as the Southport Broadwater or simply the Broadwater, is a large shallow estuary located in the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Connected directly to the Coral Sea towards its southern end via the artificial Gold Coast Seaway, which stabilised the formerly northward moving mouth of the Nerang River, the estuary reaches from the locality of Southport in the south, to the southern section of the UNESCO World Heritage Listed Moreton Bay in the north, through which it is also connected to the sea. The Broadwater is separated from the ocean by South Stradbroke Island north of the seaway and Southport Spit to the south. The original body of water was a lagoon formed by water from the Nerang River entering the area behind the former Stradbroke Island (now split in two). Part of the Broadwater is contained within the Moreton Bay Marine Park.

Southport Spit
The Southport Spit (officially known as The Spit)  is a spit and neighbourhood within the northern end of Main Beach, City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It is a permanent sand spit that separates the Southport Broadwater from the Pacific Ocean.
Vector generalized linear model
In statistics, the class of vector generalized linear models (VGLMs) was proposed to 
enlarge the scope of models catered for by generalized linear models (GLMs).
In particular, VGLMs allow for response variables outside the classical exponential family
and for more than one parameter. Each parameter (not necessarily a mean) can be transformed by a link function.
The VGLM framework is also large enough to naturally accommodate multiple responses; these are
several independent responses each coming from a particular statistical distribution with
possibly different parameter values.

Vector generalized linear models are described in detail in Yee (2015).
The central algorithm adopted is the iteratively reweighted least squares method,
for maximum likelihood estimation of usually all the model parameters. In particular, 
Fisher scoring is implemented by such, which, for most models,
uses the first and expected second derivatives of the log-likelihood function.

Generalized linear model
In statistics, a generalized linear model (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary linear regression. The GLM generalizes linear regression by allowing the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and by allowing the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value.

Generalized linear models were formulated by John Nelder and Robert Wedderburn as a way of unifying various other statistical models, including linear regression, logistic regression and Poisson regression. They proposed an iteratively reweighted least squares method for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the model parameters. MLE remains popular and is the default method on many statistical computing packages. Other approaches, including Bayesian regression and least squares fitting to variance stabilized responses, have been developed.
Line 1 (Athens Metro)
Line 1 is the oldest of the three lines of the Athens Metro, running from Kifissia to Piraeus. The Athens and Piraeus Railway Company (SAP S.A.) first opened the line, between Piraeus and Thiseio, on 27 February 1869. On 4 February 1885 Lavrion Square–Strofyli railway line opened between Attiki Square and Kifissia. These railway lines gradually merged and converted to a rapid-transit system. Line 1 was merged into the Athens Metro network upon the opening of Lines 2 and 3 on 28 January 2000, although it remained operationally separate until 2011.

Line 2 (Athens Metro)
Line 2 of the Athens Metro runs entirely underground from Anthoupoli in the northwest to Elliniko in the south, via Syntagma. It first opened, between Sepolia and Syntagma, on 28 January 2000, with Line 3.

On 6 April 2013, Line 2 was extended to Anthoupoli in the north west, and on 26 July 2013 to Elliniko to the south.
Citroën C4
The Citroën C4 is a car produced by Citroën, part of Stellantis. It was positioned to be the successor to the Citroën Xsara. The first generation production started in September 2004. For its first two generations, the C4 was a compact car/small family car, but it was redesigned as a subcompact crossover SUV for its third generation.

In June 2020, the third-generation C4 was released in the form of coupé SUV, abandoning the traditional C-segment hatchback/saloon body style.

Citroën Xsara
The Citroën Xsara (/ˈzɑːrə/) is a compact C-segment family car, produced by the French automaker PSA Peugeot Citroën, under their Citroën marque, from 1997 to 2006. The Xsara was a development of the Citroën ZX and Peugeot 306, which shared a platform and running gear.

It came in three and five door hatchback (notchback) and five door estate body styles; the estate was marketed as the Break and the three door as the Coupé. The styling shared cues with the larger Bertone designed Xantia, but was regarded as bland by the motoring press.

The straight four engine range includes 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 litre petrol engines as well as 1.4, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0 litre naturally aspirated and turbocharged diesels. In some countries, such as Portugal, the 1.5 litre TUD5 diesel engine was also available. The Xsara was 1998 Semperit Irish Car of the Year in Ireland.
Trans-Pennine Cup
The Trans-Pennine Cup was a short-lived competition for professional British rugby league clubs in the RFL Second Division.

The competition had no qualification rounds; only a final was played. The finalists were the highest placed team in the Northern Ford Premiership from either side of the Pennines (Yorkshire versus Lancashire/Cumbria), at an early stage of the season.

In 2001 the competition was replaced by the Championship Cup, a longer and more structured competition.

Championship Cup
The Championship Cup (known as the Northern Rail Cup for sponsorship reasons), previously known as the National League Cup, was a rugby league football competition for clubs in the United Kingdom's Rugby League Championships. Although the French club Toulouse Olympique competed in the Championship from 2009 through 2011, they never participated in the cup until 2012 after they had left the Championship. The Cup's last season was 2013, after which it was replaced by the 1895 Cup.
NBC Owned Television Stations
NBC Owned Television Stations (formerly NBC Local Media and NBC Television Stations Division (TVSD)) is the division of NBCUniversal Owned TV Stations (NBCUniversal), a subsidiary of Comcast that oversees the NBC owned-and-operated television stations, Cozi TV network, LXTV and Skycastle Entertainment, its in-house marketing and promotion company. NBCUniversal's Telemundo owned-and-operated stations are held in the separate Telemundo Station Group.

Cozi TV
Cozi TV (stylized as COZI TV) is an American free-to-air television network owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations division of NBCUniversal. The network airs mostly classic television sitcoms from the 1960s to the 2000s.

The network originated as a local news and lifestyle programming format that was launched between 2009 and 2011; it was seen on digital subchannels operated by nine owned-and-operated stations television stations of the NBC television network in the United States under the brand NBC Nonstop. The sitcoms and drama series now appearing on Cozi are primarily from the NBCUniversal Television Distribution program library. Cozi is available via AT&T U-verse, DirecTV, Dish Network, and streaming services YouTube TV and Hulu + Live TV, DirecTV Stream.
Cardinal virtues
The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them.

These virtues derive initially from Plato in Republic Book IV, 426-435. Aristotle expounded them systematically in the Nicomachean Ethics. They were also recognized by the Stoics and Cicero expanded on them. In the Christian tradition, they are also listed in the Deuterocanonical books in Wisdom 8:7 and 4 Maccabees 1:18–19, and the Doctors Ambrose, Augustine, and Aquinas expounded their supernatural counterparts, the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity.

Theological virtues
Theological virtues are virtues associated in Christian theology and philosophy with salvation resulting from the grace of God. Virtues are traits or qualities which dispose one to conduct oneself in a morally good manner. Traditionally the theological virtues have been named faith, hope, and charity (love). They are coupled with the four natural or cardinal virtues, and opposed to the seven deadly sins.

The medieval Catholic philosopher Thomas Aquinas explained that these virtues are called theological virtues "first, because their object is God, inasmuch as they direct us aright to God: secondly, because they are infused in us by God alone: thirdly, because these virtues are not made known to us, save by Divine revelation, contained in Holy Writ".