hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Green Party of England and Wales
The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW; or simply the Green Party) is a political party in the United Kingdom. The earliest predecessor to the Green Party was the PEOPLE Party founded in 1972. The Green Party of England and Wales itself was formed in 1990.

From 1991 until 2008 the party was primarily represented by two prinicple speakers, one man, and woman. In 2008, the party saw internal reforms which got rid of the system of priniciple speakers, replacing it with the position of Leader of the Green Party, and in 2010, Caroline Lucas became the first official Green Party MP. The Greens continued to have Caroline Lucus as the sole sitting MP until the 2024 general election, in which the party won 4 MPs, Siân Berry, Carla Denyer, Adrian Ramsay and Ellie Chowns.

Green Party (UK)
The Green Party, also known as the Green Party UK, was a Green political party in the United Kingdom.

Prior to 1985, it was called the Ecology Party; before that, it was also named PEOPLE. In 1990, it separated into three regional political parties within the United Kingdom, those being the Green Party of England and Wales, the Scottish Greens, and the Green Party Northern Ireland.

Despite the UK Green Party no longer existing as a unified entity, "Green Party" (singular) is still used colloquially to refer collectively to the three separate parties; for example, in the reporting of opinion polls and election results.
Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person being tried is not present. In absentia is Latin for "in (the) absence". Its interpretation varies by jurisdiction and legal system.

In common law legal systems, the phrase is more than a spatial description. In these systems, it suggests a recognition of a violation of a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial. Conviction in a trial in which a defendant is not present to answer the charges is held to be a violation of natural justice. Specifically, it violates the second principle of natural justice, audi alteram partem (hear the other party).

In some civil law legal systems, such as that of Italy, absentia is a recognized and accepted defense strategy. Such trials may require the presence of the defendant's lawyer, depending on the country.

Audi alteram partem
Audi alteram partem (or audiatur et altera pars) is a Latin phrase meaning "listen to the other side", or "let the other side be heard as well". It is the principle that no person should be judged without a fair hearing in which each party is given the opportunity to respond to the evidence against them.

"Audi alteram partem" is considered to be a principle of fundamental justice or equity or the principle of natural justice in most legal systems. This principle includes the rights of a party or its lawyers to confront the witnesses against them, to have a fair opportunity to challenge the evidence presented by the other party, to summon one's own witnesses and to present evidence, and to have counsel, if necessary at public expense, in order to make one's case properly.
Cyclura pinguis
Cyclura pinguis, the Anegada rock iguana, Anegada ground iguana or stout iguana, is a critically endangered species of lizard of the genus Cyclura belonging to the family Iguanidae. The species can be found exclusively in the islands of Anegada and Guana. Historically, it inhabited the islands of Puerto Rico and Saint Thomas; however, the animal's original range has been greatly diminished over prehistory.

Guana Island
Guana Island /ˈɡwɑːnə/ is an island of the British Virgin Islands (BVI) in the Caribbean. One of the few remaining privately owned islands in its part of the world, Guana has seven white powder-sand beaches and 850 acres (3.4 km2) of tropical forest, mountains, hills, and valleys. The island is mostly natural preserve and has a small resort.
Liverpool Rifles
The Liverpool Rifles was a unit of the Territorial Army, part of the British Army, formed in Lancashire as a 'Rifle Volunteer Corps' (RVC) in 1859, becoming a battalion of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) in 1881. It saw action on the Western Front in the First World War and later became a searchlight unit of the Royal Artillery in the Second World War.

5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool)
The 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) (5th King's) was a volunteer unit of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) of the British Army. It traced its heritage to the raising in 1859 of a number rifle volunteer corps in Liverpool, which were soon consolidated into the 1st Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVC). It was affiliated to the King's Regiment (Liverpool), and became its 1st Volunteer Battalion of the regiment. In 1908 the battalion was transferred to the new Territorial Force as the 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool). It saw active service on the Western Front during World War I, as did its second line second-line battalion, and even a garrison battalion. Before World War II it again formed a second line battalion. Both served in home defence, but the 5th King's landed in Normandy on D Day as part of a specialist beach group 1939. When the Territorial Army was reduced in 1967, the 5th King's became a company of the Lancastrian Volunteers.
Mike Hawthorn
John Michael Hawthorn (10 April 1929 – 22 January 1959) was a British racing driver who competed in Formula One from 1952 to 1958. Hawthorn won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1958 with Ferrari, and won three Grands Prix across seven seasons. In endurance racing, Hawthorn won both the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 12 Hours of Sebring in 1955 with Jaguar.

In 1958, Hawthorn became the first of 11 British Formula One World Champions, beating Stirling Moss to the title by one point.  He announced his retirement upon his triumph, having been profoundly affected by the death of his teammate and friend Peter Collins two months earlier during the German Grand Prix. Three months after retiring, Hawthorn died in a road accident in Guildford, driving his Jaguar 3.4 Litre. The Hawthorn Memorial Trophy was established in his honour by the RAC in 1959, being awarded to the most successful British, or Commonwealth, driver in Formula One each year.

Jaguar Mark 1
The Jaguar Mark 1 is a British luxury saloon car produced by Jaguar between 1955 and 1959. It was referred to in contemporary company documentation as the Jaguar 2.4 Litre and Jaguar 3.4 Litre. Its designation as Mark 1 was retroactive, following its  October 1959 replacement by Jaguar's 2.4-litre Mark 2. The 2.4 Litre was the company's first small saloon since the end of its 1½ and 2½ Litre cars in 1949, and was an immediate success, easily outselling the larger, much more expensive Jaguar saloons.

The 2.4 Litre saloon was announced on 28 September 1955. The 3.4 Litre saloon announced 17 months later in the U.S. on 26 February 1957 was designed for the American market and was not at first freely available on the domestic market.
Radley Balko
Radley Prescott Balko (born April 19, 1975) is an American journalist, author, blogger, and speaker who writes about criminal justice, the drug war, and civil liberties. In 2022, he began self-publishing his work after being let go from The Washington Post, where he had worked as an opinion columnist for nine years. Balko has written several books, including The Rise of the Warrior Cop and The Cadaver King and the Country Dentist.

Rise of the Warrior Cop
Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America's Police Forces is a 2013 book written by investigative journalist Radley Balko that focuses on the subject of militarization of police in the United States.
Fernhill, South Lanarkshire
Fernhill is a residential neighbourhood in the Scottish town of Rutherglen in South Lanarkshire; it is situated south of the River Clyde and borders the Rutherglen neighbourhoods of High Burnside to the north and Cathkin to the east, the Glasgow district of Castlemilk to the west, and the open lands of Fernbrae Meadows (formerly Blairbeth Golf Club which closed in 2015) to the south. Its location on a steep incline which is part of the Cathkin Braes range of hills offers panoramic views over the south and eastern parts of Greater Glasgow.

Fernhill is within the Rutherglen South ward of South Lanarkshire Council which is also the extent of the neighbourhood community policing zone; local councillors include the politician Robert Brown.

Rutherglen
Rutherglen (/ˈrʌðərɡlɪn/; Scots: Ruglen, Scottish Gaelic: An Ruadh-Ghleann) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, immediately south-east of the city of Glasgow, three miles (five kilometres) from its centre and directly south of the River Clyde. Having previously existed as a separate Lanarkshire burgh, in 1975 Rutherglen lost its own local council and administratively became a component of the City of Glasgow District within the Strathclyde region (along with neighbouring Cambuslang). In 1996 the towns were reallocated to the South Lanarkshire council area.
Trota of Salerno
Trota of Salerno (also spelled Trocta), often called Trotula, was a medical practitioner and writer in the southern Italian coastal town of Salerno who lived in the early or middle decades of the 12th century. She was one of a group of women physicians who studied in medieval Italy at the Schola Medica Salernitana, the first medical schools to allow women in Europe.

Women of Salerno
The women of Salerno, also referred to as the ladies of Salerno and the Salernitan women (Latin: mulieres Salernitanae), were a group of women physicians who studied in medieval Italy, at the Schola Medica Salernitana, one of the first medical schools to allow women.
Matiko (Bilbao metro)
Matiko is the northern terminus of line 3 of the Bilbao metro. The station is also served by Euskotren Trena commuter and regional rail services. The station is located in the neighbourhood of Matiko-Ciudad Jardín, part of the Uribarri district of Bilbao. In its current form, the station opened on 8 April 2017.

Line 3 (Bilbao metro)
Line 3 of the Bilbao metro is a rapid transit line in Biscay, Basque Country, Spain. It is 5.9 km (3.7 mi) long and connects Etxebarri and the Uribarri and Otxarkoaga-Txurdinaga districts in Bilbao with the city center.

Unlike the two other lines of the system (which are operated by Metro Bilbao S.A.), line 3 is operated by Euskotren, which runs it as part of the Euskotren Trena network. Trains from the Bilbao–San Sebastián, Txorierri and Urdaibai lines of the network run through line 3.
Balrampur, Chhattisgarh
Balrampur is the headquarters of Balrampur-Ramanujganj district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.  It is 441 km north of the state headquarters of Raipur. Not to be confused with Balrampur, a district in Uttar Pradesh.

Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh
Balrampur-Ramanujganj district is a northern district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It came into existence on 17 January 2012 and was formerly part of Surguja district. Balrampur-Ramanujganj district is the northernmost district of Chhattisgarh. Its seat is Balrampur.

Ramanujganj is one of the historical places in Balrampur district. It is the most populous town of the Balrampur district. Ramanujganj is the border town of Chhattishgarh-Jharkhand State. The nearest airports are Ranchi and Raipur. The nearest railway stations are Garhwa and Ambikapur. Balrampur district borders Jharkhand in the east, Uttar Pradesh in the north, Madhya Pradesh in the west. 63% population are from Scheduled Tribes.
Bangkinang
Bangkinang (Jawi: بغكينغ‎), is a town in Riau Province of Indonesia. It is the capital of Kampar Regency, in that province, and is 60 km (37 mi) from Pekanbaru, the Riau provincial capital. As the capital of the regency it is connected both to the provincial capital and to the area of West Sumatra.
The majority of the population is Muslim.

Kampar Regency
Kampar is a regency (kabupaten) of Riau Province of Indonesia. The regency formerly included a much larger part of Riau Province, but on 4 October 1999 the western districts were split off to form a separate Rokan Hulu Regency, and the eastern districts were split off to form a new Pelalawan Regency. It now has an area of 11,289.28 km2 (about 40% of its former area) and had a population of 688,204 at the 2010 Census, and 841,332 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 898,973 (comprising 459,172 males and 439,801 females). The administrative centre of the regency is located at the town of Bangkinang.

The regency is bordered by:

The Kabun and Tandun Districts of Rokan Hulu Regency form a salient into the west side of the Kampar Regency.
Steel (John Henry Irons)
Steel is a superhero appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. He is a genius engineer who builds a mechanized suit of armor that mirrors Superman's powers. Steel initially seeks to replace Superman, who has been killed by Doomsday. After Superman is resurrected, he accepts Steel as an ally. Steel's sledgehammer and real name of John Henry Irons are references to the mythical railroad worker John Henry. He has a niece named Natasha Irons who is also a superhero with similar steel armor.

The character is portrayed by Shaquille O'Neal in the 1997 film adaptation of the same name and Wolé Parks in the television series Superman & Lois. Additionally, Michael Dorn and Zeno Robinson have voiced the character in animation.

John Henry (folklore)
John Henry is an American folk hero. A Black American freedman, he is said to have worked as a "steel-driving man"—a man tasked with hammering a steel drill into a rock to make holes for explosives to blast the rock in constructing a railroad tunnel.

The story of John Henry is told in a classic blues folk song about his duel against a drilling machine, which exists in many versions, and has been the subject of numerous stories, plays, books, and novels.
Charles Lawrence (cricketer)
Charles Lawrence (16 December 1828 – 20 December 1916) was an English cricketer, who played for Scotland, Ireland, Surrey and England.

After the touring with the England side of 1861–62, he settled in Australia, where he became captain-coach for New South Wales, and then captain-coach of the Aboriginal cricket team that toured England in 1868, the first ever tour of England by an Australian team.

English cricket team in Australia in 1861–62
An English cricket team toured Australia in 1861–62. This was the first-ever tour of Australia by any overseas team and the second tour abroad by an English team, following the one to North America in 1859. The team is sometimes referred to as H. H. Stephenson's XI.
Thomas Thorpe
Thomas Thorpe (c. 1569 – c. 1625) was an English publisher, most famous for publishing Shakespeare's sonnets and several works by Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson. His publication of the sonnets has long been controversial. Nineteenth-century critics thought that he might have published the poems without Shakespeare's consent; Sidney Lee called him "predatory and irresponsible." Conversely, modern scholars Wells and Taylor assert their verdict that "Thorpe was a reputable publisher, and there is nothing intrinsically irregular about his publication."

Shakespeare's sonnets
William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) wrote sonnets on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet, Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost. There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III.
Maha Dissava
The Mahâ Dissâvas was a high-ranking office in the Amātya Mandalaya, or Sinhalese Council of State, in the Sinhalese Kingdoms of monarchical Sri Lanka. Like many of the existing high offices at the time, it had combined legislative and judicial powers and functioned primarily equivalent to that of a Provincial governor. The office of Dissava was retained under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. A Dissava was the governor of a province known as a Disavanies. Within his province, the Dissava held both executive and judicial authority.

Maha Adigar
The Mahâ Adigâr (Sinhala: මහා අධිකාරම්) (also known as Adikārama, Adikār) was a Great Officer in the Amātya Mandalaya, or Sinhalese Council of State, in the Sinhalese Kingdoms of monarchical Sri Lanka. The office was second in power and dignity to the King. Like many of the existing high offices at the time it had combined legislative and judicial powers and functioned primarily equivalent to that of a prime minister and chief justice, but also had duties in the governance of a province. During the Kandyan period there were two Adigars, who were styled Mahâ Nilames (Grand Officers), the Pallegampahê Mahâ Nilamê and the Udagampahê Mahâ Nilamê, the former taking precedence over the latter.
National Small-bore Rifle Association
The National Small-bore Rifle Association (NSRA) is the national governing body for all small-bore rifle and pistol target shooting in the United Kingdom, including airgun and match crossbow shooting.

The NSRA is based at the Lord Roberts Centre, within the grounds of the National Shooting Centre at Bisley in Surrey. National postal competitions are organised all year round, together with a series of meetings, culminating in the Bisley Rifle Meeting, or National Meeting in August, preceded by the Scottish Rifle Meeting in June/July.

Smallbore rifle shooting
Smallbore rifle shooting, sometimes known (particularly in the United Kingdom) as miniature rifle shooting, is a set of disciplines of shooting sports. Smallbore shooting uses smaller-calibre rifles, typically chambered in .22 Long Rifle, at ranges generally of 100 yards (91 m) or shorter. Depending on the range, it can either be conducted indoors or outdoors.

Smallbore shooting is contrasted with fullbore rifle shooting, which uses larger, higher-powered calibres, and is almost universally conducted outdoors.

Historically, smallbore shooting has been most popular in the United Kingdom and the former British Empire, particularly Australia, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand. It is also popular in the United States, and has a substantial following in continental Europe, particularly France, Germany and Switzerland. It forms part of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, and has a world championships hosted by the International Shooting Sport Federation.
Claude Jutra
Claude Jutra (French pronunciation: [klod ʒytʁa]; March 11, 1930 – November 5, 1986) was a Canadian actor, film director, and screenwriter.

The Prix Jutra, and the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Claude Jutra Award, were named in his honour because of his importance in Quebec cinema history. The awards were renamed in 2016, as were streets named for him, following the publication of allegations that he had sexually abused children during his lifetime.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
2000 European Race Walking Cup
The third edition of the European Race Walking Cup took place in the German city of Eisenhüttenstadt on Saturday June 17 and Sunday June 18, 2000.  For the first time, 10 km races for junior athletes (U20) were held.
Complete results were published. The junior events are documented on the World Junior Athletics History webpages.  Medal winners were published on the Athletics Weekly website,

2000 in the sport of athletics
This article contains an overview of the sport of athletics, including track and field, cross country and road running, in the year 2000.

The primary athletics competition for the 2000 season was at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
Pennsylvania Route 534
Pennsylvania Route 534 (PA 534) is an 23.5-mile-long (37.8 km) state highway located in Monroe and Carbon counties in Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 940 in East Side.  The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 209 (US 209) in the community of Kresgeville in Polk Township. PA 534 runs northwest-southeast through forested areas of the Pocono Mountains as a two-lane undivided road. The route has an interchange with Interstate 80 (I-80) near East Side before it passes through Hickory Run State Park. PA 534 crosses PA 903 near Albrightsville and continues south to US 209. The roadway was paved in the 1930s and received the PA 534 designation in the 1960s.

Carbon County, Pennsylvania
Carbon County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,749. The county is part of the Northeast region of the commonwealth.

The county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region to its south, Monroe County to its east, Luzerne County to its north, and Schuylkill County to its west. The county is approximately 33 miles (53 km) northwest of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 117 miles (188 km) west of New York City, the nation's largest city.

The county seat is Jim Thorpe, which was founded in 1818 as Mauch Chunk. The Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River, flows through Carbon County.
Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban
The Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban (Arabic: مدرسة أم السلطان شعبان, romanized: Madrasa Umm al-Sulṭān Shaʿbān) is an Islamic madrasa, mausoleum, and mosque complex, located in the Al-Darb al-Ahmar area of Islamic Cairo, Egypt. The complex was completed in 770 AH (1368/1369 CE) during the Mamluk-era on the order of Sultan al-Ashraf Sha'ban in honour of his mother, Khawand Baraka (also referred to as Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban). It is located outside Bab Zuweila along al-Tabbana street, and is adjoined to the north by the Bayt al-Razzaz palace. In addition to the madrasa, mausoleum, and mosque, the complex includes a hawd (water trough), and a maktab (primary school).

Al-Darb al-Ahmar
Al-Darb al-Ahmar (Arabic: الدرب الأحمر, lit. 'the red way/street') is a historic neighbourhood in Cairo, Egypt. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic Cairo. Located south of the old walled city of Cairo, originally built by the Fatimids in the 10th century, it began to urbanize largely during the 14th century in the Mamluk period.

Today, al-Darb al-Ahmar is an administrative division (qism) within the district of Wasat al-Qahira (Central Cairo). This division includes the area south of al-Azhar street, encompassing the southern half of the original Fatimid Cairo and what is now al-Azhar University, as well as the nearby Al-Azhar Park.