hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Morrison II
Captain Richard T. Morrison II was an American secessionist, settler, military officer, politician, and farmer who was one of the founders of McClellanville, South Carolina. He served as a state representative for South Carolina between 1860 and 1861 where he voted for secession from the United States, thus directly causing the start of the American Civil War. In this time, he was serving the South Carolina government, through its secession, into its month or so long independence by itself, and then its joining with the Confederacy, and the start of the Civil War. He fought in the American Civil War and served as an officer, seeing action at many major battles. He survived the war, alongside his sons and returned back to South Carolina.

McClellanville, South Carolina
McClellanville is a small fishing town in rural Charleston County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 605 at the 2020 census. It is situated on the Atlantic coast, on land surrounded by Francis Marion National Forest and has traditionally derived its livelihood from the Atlantic Ocean and coastal marshes by fishing, shrimping and oystering. McClellanville is part of the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville metropolitan area and the Charleston-North Charleston Urbanized Area.
Ghansi
Ghansi or Ghasi (Nepali: घाँसी) was a Nepali grasscutter who is best remembered for inspiring Bhanubhakta Acharya to translate the Sanskrit epic Ramayana into the Nepali language. He earned his living by cutting and selling grass. Ghansi constructed a well with the intention of being remembered after his death. Little is known about his life beyond the fact that he belonged to the Pantha caste and lived near the well. He has been portrayed by multiple actors in film, and the tourist destination Ghansikuwa was named after him.

Bhanubhakta Acharya
Bhanubhakta Acharya (Nepali: भानुभक्त आचार्य) (1814—1868 CE) (1871—1925 BS) was a Nepali writer, poet, and translator. He is widely regarded as the oldest poet in the Nepali language, for which he was conferred with the title of "Aadikabi": literally, "the first poet".

He is best known for translating the epic Ramayana from Sanskrit to Nepali for the first time. Initially, his translation of the Ramayana was popular in oral form. It was later compiled and published by Motirām Bhatta in the late 19th century as Bhanubhakta Ramayana
Visayan hornbill
The Visayan hornbill (Penelopides panini) is a hornbill found in tropical moist lowland forests of  the Philippines in the Western Visayas region which includes the islands of Panay, Negros and formerly as well as the island of Masbate, and formerly Ticao, in the Philippines.  As is the case with all five Philippine tarictic hornbills, formerly considered to be just one species, it is declining due to habitat destruction, hunting and the illegal wildlife trade.

It is illegal to hunt, capture or possess these birds under Philippine Law RA 9147.

Ticao Island
Ticao Island is an island with a total land area of 334 km2 or 129 sq mi. It is one of the three major islands of Masbate province in the Philippines. It is separated from the Bicol Peninsula by the Ticao Pass. The other two major islands are Masbate Island (3,290 km2 or 1,270 sq mi) and Burias Island (424 km2 or 164 sq mi).

The island is divided into the municipalities of Batuan, Monreal, San Fernando and its mother-town, San Jacinto.

San Miguel Island is located "just off the northern tip" of Ticao Island.
Frankie Mossman
Frankie Mossman (born February 6, 2006) is an American racing driver. He currently competes in the 2025 USF Pro 2000 Championship driving for Velocity Racing Development. Mossman previously drove for Jay Howard Driver Development.

2025 USF Pro 2000 Championship
The 2025 USF Pro 2000 Championship presented by Continental Tire was the 27th season of the junior series two levels below the IndyCar series. It was the third season under the USF Pro 2000 moniker after the championship's most recent rebrand in 2023.

Pabst Racing's Max Garcia claimed the Drivers' Championship with three races to spare, while his team defended their Teams' Championship title for the third year in a row.
Frans Alfons Janssens
Frans Alfons Ignace Maria Janssens (23 July 1863 – 8 October 1924) was Catholic priest and the discoverer of crossing-over of genes during meiosis, which he called "chiasmatypie". His work was continued by the Nobel Prize winner Thomas Hunt Morgan to develop the theory of genetic linkage.

Chromosomal crossover
Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called synapsis. Synapsis is usually initiated before the synaptonemal complex develops and is not completed until near the end of prophase I. Crossover usually occurs when matching regions on matching chromosomes break and then reconnect to the other chromosome, resulting in chiasma which are the visible evidence of crossing over.
Belgium national cricket team
The Belgium national cricket team  represents Belgium in international cricket. The team is organised by the Belgian Cricket Federation, which has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 2005 (and previously an affiliate member, from 1991). Belgium played its first international match in 1910, in an exhibition tournament in Brussels that also featured France, the Netherlands, and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Since the 1990s, the team has regularly competed in European Cricket Council (ECC) tournaments, usually in the lower divisions.

France national cricket team
The France national cricket team is the men's team that represents France in international cricket. They became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1998, having previously been an affiliate member since 1987. The country's national team is best known for winning the silver medal in the cricket event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, the only time a cricket competition has been held at the Olympics. France now plays most of its matches in European Cricket Council (ECC) tournaments, although the team also appeared at the 2001 ICC Trophy.

In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between France and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 have the full T20I status.
Rutgers Law Review
The Rutgers Law Review was a quarterly, scholarly journal focusing on legal issues, published by an organization of second- and third-year law students at the former Rutgers School of Law–Newark, in Newark, New Jersey. It was the flagship law review among the five accredited law journals at Rutgers School of Law–Newark. Among its notable alumni are Ronald Chen, acting dean of the law school and former public advocate for the State of New Jersey, and Senator Elizabeth Warren, former professor of law at Harvard Law School and chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel created to oversee the U.S. banking bailout, formally known as the Troubled Assets Relief Program.

In 2015, predating the merger of the two law schools at Rutgers, the Rutgers Law Review and the Rutgers Law Journal (the law review of the former Rutgers School of Law–Camden) merged into one law review, called the Rutgers University Law Review.

Rutgers Law School
Rutgers Law School is the law school of Rutgers University, with classrooms in Newark and Camden, New Jersey. It is the largest public law school and the 10th largest law school, overall, in the United States. Each class in the three-year J.D. program enrolls approximately 350 law students. Although Rutgers University dates from 1766, its law school was founded in Newark in 1908. Today, Rutgers offers the J.D. and a foreign-lawyer J.D., as well as joint-degree programs that combine a J.D. with a graduate degree from another Rutgers graduate program.

According to Rutgers Law School's 2016 ABA-required disclosures, 93.7% of the Class of 2016 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required or JD-advantage employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo practitioners.
Miss California USA
Miss California USA is the beauty pageant that selects the representative for the state of California in the Miss USA pageant, and the name of the title held by that winner. The pageant is directed by Crown Diva Productions.

California's most successful placements were in 1959, 1966, 1975, 1983, 1992, and 2011, when Terry Huntingdon, Maria Remenyi, Summer Bartholomew, Julie Hayek, Shannon Marketic, and Alyssa Campanella, respectively, were crowned Miss USA.

The current Miss California USA is Kylie Chang of Cupertino, who was crowned on August 10, 2025, at the Hyatt Regency Orange County. Chang represented California at Miss USA 2025.

Miss USA 2011
Miss USA 2011 was the 60th Anniversary of the Miss USA pageant, held at the Planet Hollywood Theatre for the Performing Arts in Paradise, Nevada, on June 19, 2011. Rima Fakih of Michigan crowned her successor, Alyssa Campanella of California, at the end of this event. This was California's sixth Miss USA title and the first title since 1992. Campanella represented the United States at the Miss Universe 2011 pageant in São Paulo, Brazil on September 12, 2011.

This pageant gained attention on the internet, when a video of all the contestant's answers to the question, whether evolution should be taught in school, was put on YouTube. Only two contestants affirmed that it should be taught, with the others confusing the question with the debate on evolution of species vs. creationism, or stating that both should be taught.
Montwood High School
Montwood High School is a four-year public high school located in the East El Paso area of El Paso, Texas, United States. It is a part of the Socorro Independent School District.

The school was completed in 1989, just in time for the 1990/1991 school year. The school was opened serving grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and would gain a grade/lose a grade until the first graduating class of 1993. Montwood has many academic programs such as Advanced Placement, Dual Credit, MASI (Montwood Advanced Studies Institute), REC (Rams Early College), AVID (Advance Via Individual Determination)and Synergy. Montwood was named a 1997-98 National Blue Ribbon School.

Socorro Independent School District
The Socorro Independent School District (SISD) serves more than 47,000 students in 49 schools and is the second largest school district in El Paso, Texas. The district covers 135 square miles serving East El Paso, Horizon City and the City of Socorro. SISD is well known as a destination district for its high-quality instruction, innovative programs, and a supportive and united community. The district operates on a year-round calendar from July to May with a fall and spring intersession.
Nora Roberts
Nora Roberts (born Eleanor Marie Robertson on October 10, 1950) is an American author of over 225 novels, known for romance published under her own name. She also writes police procedurals which have elements of science fiction under the name J. D. Robb, and has published as Jill March and (in the U.K.) Sarah Hardesty.

Janet Dailey
Janet Anne Haradon Dailey (May 21, 1944 – December 14, 2013) was an American author of numerous romance novels as Janet Dailey (her married name). Her novels have been translated into nineteen languages and have sold more than 300 million copies worldwide.
Alicia Hyndman
Alicia L. Hyndman is the Assembly member for the 29th District of the New York State Assembly. She is a Democrat. The district includes portions of Laurelton, Rosedale, St. Albans, Addisleigh Park, Hollis, Springfield Gardens and Jamaica in Queens.

Rosedale, Queens
Rosedale is a neighborhood in New York City in the southeastern portion of the borough of Queens. The neighborhood, located along the southern part of Queens, borders Nassau County.

Rosedale is located in Queens Community District 13 and its ZIP Code is 11422. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 116th Precinct.
Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad
Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad was a 8,900-acre (36 km2) Mexican land grant in the Salinas Valley, in present-day Monterey County, California. It was given in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to Feliciano Soberanes.

The grant derives its name from the secularized Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, but was called ex-Mission because of a division made of the lands held in the name of the Mission — the church retaining the grounds immediately around, and all of the lands outside of this are called ex-Mission lands.  The grant was adjacent Mission Soledad, west of the Salinas River and Soledad.

Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (Spanish: Misión Nuestra Señora de la Soledad), commonly known as Mission Soledad, is a Spanish mission located in Soledad, California. The mission was founded by the Franciscan order on October 9, 1791, to convert the Native Americans living in the area to Catholicism. It was the thirteenth of California's Spanish missions, and is named for Mary, Our Lady of Solitude.  The town of Soledad is named for the mission.

After the 1835 secularization of the mission and the later sale of building materials, the mission fell into a state of disrepair and soon after was left in ruins. A restoration project began in 1954 and a new chapel was dedicated in 1955. The chapel now functions as a chapel of Our Lady of Solitude, a parish church of the Diocese of Monterey. The priests' residence was later recreated, and functions as a museum.
Kurt Schuschnigg
Kurt Alois Josef Johann von Schuschnigg (German: [ˈkʊʁt ˈʃʊʃnɪk]; 14 December 1897 – 18 November 1977) was an Austrian politician who was the Chancellor of the Federal State of Austria from the 1934 assassination of his predecessor Engelbert Dollfuss until the 1938 Anschluss with Nazi Germany. Although Schuschnigg considered Austria a "German state" and Austrians to be Germans, he was strongly opposed to Adolf Hitler's goal to absorb Austria into the Third Reich and wished for it to remain independent.

When Schuschnigg's efforts to keep Austria independent had failed, he resigned his office. After the Anschluss he was arrested, kept in solitary confinement, and eventually interned in various concentration camps. He was liberated in 1945 by the advancing United States Army and spent most of the rest of his life in academia in the United States. Schuschnigg gained American citizenship in 1956.

Federal State of Austria
The Federal State of Austria (Austrian German: Bundesstaat Österreich; colloquially known as the "Ständestaat") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the conservative, nationalist, corporatist and Catholic Fatherland Front. The Ständestaat concept, derived from the notion of Stände ("estates" or "corporations"), was advocated by leading regime politicians such as Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. The result was a authoritarian government based on a mix of Italian Fascist and conservative Catholic influences.

It ended in March 1938 with the Anschluss, the German annexation of Austria. Austria would not become an independent country again until 1955, when the Austrian State Treaty ended the Allied occupation of Austria.
Tze-chiang limited express
Tze-Chiang (Chinese: 自強號; pinyin: Zìqiáng háo), also Tzu-chiang or Ziqiang, is a type of limited express train service operated by Taiwan Railway (TR). Of the five service classes operated by TR, the Tze-Chiang service is the fastest. Ticketing is done on the basis of mileage (NT$2.27 per km with a 10 km minimum fee).

This service is operated with 6 different trainsets: the E1000 series, EMU3000, TEMU1000 (Taroko Express), DR2800, DR3100, and the TEMU2000 (Puyuma Express). The now-retired EMU100 was the first trainset built for this service, which was used for 30 years, terminating ordinary runs at on 15 June 2009.

EMU100 series
The Taiwan Railway EMU100 series was a set of rail cars fabricated by British Rail Engineering Limited and the General Electric Company in 1976 that has operated in Taiwan. The alternating current electric multiple unit (EMU) fleet entered full squadron service in 1979, and was withdrawn from service in 2009. This class of railcars were the first to operate on the electric Tzu-Chiang Express. Due to the unit's British origin, rail buffs have variously nicknamed them "British Girl", "British Lady", or "British Grandma" (Chinese: 英國阿婆; pinyin: Yīngguó āpó).
Li Liu (Cheng-Han)
Li Liu (Chinese: 李流; 248 – c.October 303), courtesy name Xuantong (玄通), posthumous name Prince Wen of Qin (秦文王), was a younger brother of Li Te and an uncle of Li Xiong (Emperor Wu of Cheng-Han), the founder of the Cheng-Han dynasty of China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was his brother's general during his war with Luo Shang in Yizhou. After Li Te was killed in an ambush in c.March 303, Li Liu was hastily chosen by Te's followers as his successor. He saved Li Te's army from destruction during the aftermath of his death but later decided to have his nephew, Li Xiong handle military responsibilities. Li Liu died in c.October 303, just a year before Cheng-Han's creation in November or December 304. Despite succeeding Li Te first, he never granted himself an imperial title nor introduced a new reign era. Furthermore, due to being his uncle, Li Xiong only posthumously honoured him as a king and not an emperor in 306.

Luo Shang
Luo Shang (died c.August 310), courtesy name Jingzhi, also called Luo Zhong, courtesy name Jingzhen, was a Chinese military general and politician of the Jin dynasty. In 300, the Jin court appointed him the Inspector of Yizhou and sent him to quell the rebellion of the previous officeholder, Zhao Xin. However, before Luo Shang arrived in the province, the refugee leader, Li Te, had ousted Zhao Xin from power. Luo Shang and Li Te attempted to coexist, but due to conflicting interests, the two men went to war with each other in 301. In 304, Li Te's son, Li Xiong, drove him out from provincial capital, Chengdu, allowing the Li clan to establish the Cheng-Han dynasty in the Ba and Shu regions. Luo Shang continued to resist Cheng-Han from Ba Commandery (巴郡; present-day Chongqing), but after his death in 310, Cheng was able to consolidate its power in southwest China.
William France Jr. (cabinetmaker)
William France Jr. was a cabinetmaker and upholsterer in 18th century London and a member of the well known France family who held the Royal Warrant for over half a century. He was the nephew of William France Sr. and younger brother of Edward France, the former being cabinetmaker to the Royal Household. He was born in 1759 and died in 1838 in Boulogne, France. He was made a Freeman of Lancaster in 1785–86.

William France Sr. (cabinetmaker)
William France Sr. was born in the small agricultural village of Whittington, six miles north of Lancaster, where he was christened on 7 January 1727 the second son of Edward, a yeoman farmer, and Agnes France. His elder brother, John, was christened on 27 March 1725 and was apprenticed to a cabinetmaker in Lancaster where he married Elizabeth Townson the daughter of John Townson, a joiner, in 1747.
Augmentation ideal
In algebra, an augmentation ideal is an ideal that can be defined in any group ring.

If G is a group and R a commutative ring, there is a ring homomorphism , called the augmentation map, from the group ring  to , defined by taking a (finite) sum  to   (Here  and .)  In less formal terms,  for any element ,  for any elements  and , and  is then extended to a homomorphism of R-modules in the obvious way.

The augmentation ideal A is the kernel of  and is therefore a two-sided ideal in R[G].

A is generated by the differences  of group elements.  Equivalently, it is also generated by , which is a basis as a free R-module.

For R and G as above, the group ring R[G] is an example of an augmented R-algebra. Such an algebra comes equipped with a ring homomorphism to R.  The kernel of this homomorphism is the augmentation ideal of the algebra.

The augmentation ideal plays a basic role in group cohomology, amongst other applications.

Augmentation (algebra)
In algebra, an augmentation of an associative algebra A over a commutative ring k is a k-algebra homomorphism , typically denoted by ε. An algebra together with an augmentation is called an augmented algebra. The kernel of the augmentation is a two-sided ideal called the augmentation ideal of A.

For example, if  is the group algebra of a finite group G, then

is an augmentation.

If A is a graded algebra which is connected, i.e. , then the homomorphism  which maps an element to its homogeneous component of degree 0 is an augmentation. For example,

is an augmentation on the polynomial ring .
Celebrity Beyond
Celebrity Beyond is a cruise ship owned by Celebrity Cruises, taking its name from the company's slogan. The third in the Edge class, the ship was constructed at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard, and entered service in April 2022. The ship was captained from 2022 to 2025 by Kate McCue.

Celebrity Cruises
Celebrity Cruises is a cruise line headquartered in Miami, Florida, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group. Celebrity Cruises was founded in 1988 by the Greece-based Chandris Group, and merged with Royal Caribbean Cruise Line in 1997.
Inter Alia (play)
Inter Alia is a legal drama play written by Australian playwright Suzie Miller. It had its world premiere at the National Theatre in London in 2025, starring Rosamund Pike as Crown Court Judge Jessica Parks. The production is directed by Justin Martin. The production was filmed by NT Live and shown in cinemas from 25 September 2025.

National Theatre Live
National Theatre Live is an initiative operated by the Royal National Theatre in London. It broadcasts live and filmed live performances of their productions (and those of other theatres) to a range of venues, including cinemas, pubs, village halls and arts centres, around the world.
Type 89 AFV
The Norinco Type 89 tracked armoured fighting vehicle is a Chinese armoured personnel carrier.  It was developed from the earlier export market Type 85 AFV vehicle.  It entered service in the late 1990s and was first shown publicly in 1999.  There are approximately 1,000 in service.  It has the industrial index of WZ534 and although it was mainly developed for the PLA, there is also an export version YW534.

In the 1990s, a new designator system was introduced in the PLA and the Type 89 APC is nowadays known as ZSD-89.

ZBD-04
The ZBD-04 or Type 04 (industrial designation WZ502) is a Chinese infantry fighting vehicle. It bears some external resemblance to the BMP-3, particularly with regard to its turret and main armament; However, the chassis and internal subsystem possess a different layout. The earliest prototypes received the designation ZBD-97. An improved version, ZBD-04A, is the vehicle currently in service and being produced.
Phylliscum
Phylliscum is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Phylliscaceae. These lichens are small and often appear as tiny dark patches or scales tightly pressed against rock surfaces. They are easily overlooked due to their minute size, but can be found on exposed rocks in dry, sunny locations around the world.

Phylliscaceae
The Phylliscaceae are a family of lichen-forming ascomycete fungi placed in the order Lichinales (class Lichinomycetes). Members are mostly small cyanolichens that form thin crusts tightly attached to rock, or minute, scale-like rosettes. These lichens are typically found growing on rocks in sunny, dry locations where they form small, crusty patches or tiny leaf-like scales. They partner with cyanobacteria instead of green algae, which helps them survive in harsh, drought-prone environments where other lichens cannot establish.