hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qu'aiti
Qu'aiti, officially the Qu'aiti State of Shihr and Mukalla, was a sultanate in the Hadhramaut region of South Arabia, in what is now Yemen. The Sultanate spanned the Indian Ocean coast up to the border of Mahra, encompassed the historic city of Shabwa, the central valleys and oasis settlements of Hadhramaut, and controlled the southern Empty Quarter. Its capital was Mukalla, and it was divided into six Banners (provinces), namely Mukalla, ash-Shihr, Shibam, Wadi Doan, the Western Province, and Hijr. Mukalla, ash-Shihr, and Shibam were the Sultanate's major cities.

Al-Shihr
Al-Shihr (Arabic: ٱلشِّحْر, romanized: al-Shiḥr), also known as ash-Shir or simply Shihr, is a coastal town in Hadhramaut, eastern Yemen. Al-Shihr is a walled town located on a sandy beach. There is an anchorage but no docks; boats are used. The main export is fish oil. The town is divided in two by a wādi (dry riverbed) called al-Misyāl. The western quarter is called Majraf and the eastern al-Ramla. As of 1997, it had several souqs (markets), including Sūq al-Lakham, Sūq al-Hunūd, and Sūq Shibām.
New Brunswick Broadcasting Co v Nova Scotia (Speaker of the House of Assembly)
New Brunswick Broadcasting Co v Nova Scotia (Speaker of the House of Assembly) is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision wherein the court has ruled that parliamentary privilege is a part of the unwritten convention in the Constitution of Canada. Therefore, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms do not apply to members of Nova Scotia House of Assembly when they exercise their inherent privileges of refusing strangers from entering the House.

Parliamentary privilege
Parliamentary privilege is a legal immunity enjoyed by members of certain legislatures, beginning at the end of the middle ages with the English Parliament and spreading throughout its colonies in the following centuries, in which legislators are granted protection against civil or criminal liability for actions done or statements made in the course of their legislative duties. It is common in countries whose constitutions are based on the Westminster system.
Eastern Green Links
Eastern Green Links are two planned submarine high voltage direct current power cables from the East coast of Scotland to Northeast England to strengthen the National Grid. The two links combined will deliver 4 GW of renewable energy from Scottish wind farms to England.

Ofgem state that "At an estimated cost of £3.4 billion for the two links, the Eastern HVDC projects would be the largest electricity transmission investment project in the recent history of Great Britain." They approved the schemes as part of the Accelerated Strategic Transmission Investment Framework.

In July 2022, Ofgem published its conditional decision on the Final needs case for the Eastern HVDC project, confirming its choice of two separate HVDC links, each rated at 2 GW.

National Grid (Great Britain)
The National Grid is the high-voltage electric power transmission network supporting the UK's electricity market, connecting power stations and major substations, and ensuring that electricity generated anywhere on the grid can be used to satisfy demand elsewhere. The network serves the majority of Great Britain and some of the surrounding islands. It does not cover Northern Ireland, which is part of the Irish single electricity market.

The National Grid is a wide area synchronous grid operating at 50 hertz and consisting of 400 kV and 275 kV lines, as well as 132 kV lines in Scotland. It has several undersea interconnectors: an AC connector to the Isle of Man, and HVDC connections to Northern Ireland, the Shetland Islands, the Republic of Ireland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Denmark.
Jeanette Washington
Jeanette Washington is an American funk and soul singer best known for her work as a vocalist with Parliament-Funkadelic and as an original member of the P-Funk spin-off group Parlet. Washington was one of the first women to become a prominent voice in George Clinton's expansive P-Funk collective during its peak in the late 1970s.

Parlet
Parlet was an American female funk group formed in 1978 as a spin-off of Parliament-Funkadelic. Conceived by George Clinton, Parlet was envisioned as a female counterpart to the Parliament vocal group, blending streetwise funk with theatrical stage presence and bold sensuality. The group’s earliest lineup featured longtime P-Funk vocalists Debbie Wright, Jeanette Washington, and Mallia Franklin — all of whom had contributed background vocals on Parliament-Funkadelic albums throughout the mid-1970s.
Collaborative information seeking
Collaborative information seeking (CIS) is a field of research that involves studying situations, motivations, and methods for people working in collaborative groups for information seeking projects, as well as building systems for supporting such activities. Such projects often involve information searching or information retrieval (IR), information gathering, and information sharing. Beyond that, CIS can extend to collaborative information synthesis and collaborative sense-making.

Collaborative working environment
A collaborative working environment (CWE) supports people, such as e-professionals, in their individual and cooperative work. Research in CWE involves focusing on organizational, technical, and social issues.
Communist Party of Sri Lanka
The Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය, romanized: Sri Lankavay Komiyunist Pakshaya; Tamil: இலங்கை கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி, romanized: Ilankai Komyunist Katche) is a communist party in Sri Lanka. In the 2004 legislative election, the party was part of the United People's Freedom Alliance that won 45.6% of the popular vote and 105 out of 225 seats.

United People's Freedom Alliance
The United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA; Sinhala: එක්සත් ජනතා නිදහස් සන්ධානය Eksath Janathā Nidahas Sandānaya; Tamil: ஐக்கிய மக்கள் சுதந்திரக் கூட்டணி) was a political alliance in Sri Lanka founded by former Sri Lankan president Chandrika Kumaratunga in 2004 and dissolved by former Sri Lankan President Maithripala Sirisena in 2019.
Dwyfor Meirionnydd (UK Parliament constituency)
Dwyfor Meirionnydd  is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster), represented since 2015 by Liz Saville Roberts of Plaid Cymru.

Like its predecessors, it is a Plaid Cymru stronghold, with their candidate in 2024 achieving a majority of 39.3%.

Until 2024, the seat shared the same boundaries with the Dwyfor Meirionnydd Senedd constituency, the latter of which still uses the borders established for the 2007 Welsh Assembly election.

Dwyfor Meirionnydd (Senedd constituency)
Dwyfor Meirionnydd is a constituency of the Senedd, first created for the former Assembly's 2007 election. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the Mid and West Wales electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to nine constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Kalonymus ben Meshullam
Kalonymus Ben Meshullam was a French Jew of the  Kalonymus family the son of Meshullam ben Kalonymus.

He was head of the Jewish community of Mainz at the time of the Rhineland massacres. He is said to have sent a messenger to King Henry IV in Italy, in consequence of which the king promulgated an order throughout his realm to the effect that the Jews were not to be molested. On 27 May 1096, however, Kalonymus led fifty-three other Jews, who had taken refuge from the Crusaders in the palace of Bishop Adalbert II of Worms, to meet the invaders in battle (led by Count Emicho) during the Worms massacre.

A provenance of the teachings of the Kalonymides (c.1220) by Eleazar of Worms indicates that Samuel of Speyer (father of Judah “the Pious” of Regensburg) may have been a son a of Kalonymous Ben Meshullam.

Kalonymos family
Kalonymos or Kalonymus (Hebrew: קָלוֹנִימוּס Qālōnīmūs) is a Jewish family originating from Lucca and Rome. After settling in Mainz and Speyer, the family became prominent in the development of Jewish learning in Germany.
Grottasöngr
Grottasǫngr (or Gróttasǫngr; Old Norse: 'The Mill's Songs', or 'Song of Grótti') is an Old Norse poem, sometimes counted among the poems of the Poetic Edda as it appears in manuscripts that are later than the Codex Regius. The tradition is also preserved in one of the manuscripts of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda along with some explanation of its context.

The myth has also survived independently in modified forms in northern European folklore. Gróttasǫngr had social and political impact in Sweden during the 20th century as it was modernized in the form of Den nya Grottesången by Viktor Rydberg, which described conditions in factories using the mill of Grottasǫngr as a literary backdrop.

Poetic Edda
The Poetic Edda is the modern name for an untitled collection of Old Norse anonymous narrative poems in alliterative verse.  It is distinct from the closely related Prose Edda, although both works are seminal to the study of Old Norse poetry. Several versions of the Poetic Edda exist; especially notable is the medieval Icelandic manuscript Codex Regius, which contains 31 poems.
1986 Kalamata earthquake
The 1986 Kalamata earthquake struck the southern Peloponnese Region of Greece on September 13 at 20:24 local time. The 12.5 km (7.8 mi) deep moment magnitude (Mw ) 5.9 earthquake had an epicenter near the coastal city of Kalamata and was assigned X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake was the result of normal faulting along a northwest-dipping fault and produced surface ruptures. Extensive damage was reported in Kalamata and Elaiochori. At least 20 people died and 330 were injured. Survivors sought refuge at campsites and reconstruction work lasted five years.

Kalamata
Kalamata (Greek: Καλαμάτα [kalaˈmata]) is the second most populous city of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece after Patras, and the largest city of the homonymous administrative region. As the capital and chief port of the Messenia regional unit, it lies along the Nedon River at the head of the Messenian Gulf.

The 2021 census recorded 72,906 inhabitants for the wider Kalamata Municipality, of which 66,135 resided in the municipal unit of Kalamata, and 58,816 in the city proper. Kalamata is renowned as the land of the Kalamatianos dance, Kalamata olives and Kalamata olive oil.
Wooster, Ohio
Wooster (/ˈwʊstər/ ⓘ WUUST-ər) is a city in Wayne County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located in northeastern Ohio, the city lies approximately 50 miles (80 km) south-southwest of Cleveland, 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Akron and 30 miles (48 km) west of Canton. The population was 27,232 at the 2020 census. It is the largest in Wayne County, and the center of the Wooster micropolitan area. Wooster is home to the private College of Wooster and the main branch of the Wayne County Public Library.

College of Wooster
The College of Wooster is a private liberal arts college in Wooster, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1866 by the Presbyterian Church as the University of Wooster, it has been officially non-sectarian since 1969. From its creation, the college has been a co-educational institution. It enrolls about 1,900 students and is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio, Great Lakes Colleges Association, and Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities.
Rin Iwanaga
Rin Iwanaga (岩永 鈴, Iwanaga Rin; born 21 May 1999) is a Japanese badminton player affiliated with the BIPROGY team. Specializing in women's doubles with partner Kie Nakanishi, she has won six BWF World Tour titles and achieved a career-high ranking of world No. 4 in March 2025.

Iwanaga's major achievements include a bronze medal at the 2025 World Championships in Paris and a silver medal at the 2022 Asian Championships in Manila. She and Nakanishi won their first BWF World Tour title at the 2023 Syed Modi International, and captured their first Super 750 title at the 2024 Denmark Open. The duo had a particularly successful 2024 season, winning five consecutive tournament finals. Iwanaga has also represented Japan in team competitions, winning bronze medals at the 2025 Asia Mixed Team Championships and Sudirman Cup.

2024 Denmark Open
The 2024 Denmark Open (officially known as the Victor Denmark Open 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at the Arena Fyn in Odense, Denmark, from 15 to 20 October 2024 and had a total prize of US$850,000.
Audism
Audism as described by deaf activists is a form of discrimination directed against deaf people, which may include those diagnosed as deaf from birth, or otherwise. Tom L. Humphries coined the term in an unpublished manuscript in 1975, which he later reiterated in his doctoral project in 1977, but it did not start to catch on until Harlan Lane used it in his writing. Humphries originally applied audism to individual attitudes and practices; whereas Lane broadened the term to include oppression of deaf people.

Deaf culture
Deaf culture is the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. When used as a cultural label,  especially within the culture, the word deaf is often written with a capital D and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. When used as a label for the audiological condition, it is written with a lower case d. Carl G. Croneberg was among the first to discuss analogies between Deaf and hearing cultures in his appendices C and D of the 1965 Dictionary of American Sign Language.
T. K. Madhavan
T. K. Madhavan (2 September 1885 – 27 April 1930), also known as Deshabhimani Madhavan, was an Indian social reformer, journalist and revolutionary, who was involved with the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP Yogam). He hailed from Alappuzha, Kerala and led the struggle against Social discrimination which was known as Vaikom Satyagraha.

Ezhava
The Ezhavas, (Malayalam: [iːɻɐʋɐ]) also known as Thiyya or Tiyyar (Malayalam: [t̪ijːɐ]) in the Malabar region, and Chegavar/Chovar (Malayalam: [tʃeɡɐʋɐr, tʃoːʋɐr]) in the south, are a community with origins in the region of India presently known as Kerala, where in the 2010s they constituted about 23% of the population and were reported to be the largest Hindu community.

Ezhava dynasties such as the Mannanar existed in Kerala. The British also formed a separate regiment in the British Indian Army called the Thiyyar Regiment in Malabar, which was one of the oldest army regiments in India. The British deployed this unit in various military operations.

The Ezhavas are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India under its system of positive discrimination.
Middle Township, New Jersey
Middle Township is a township in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township, and all of Cape May County, is part of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area, and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 20,380, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 1,469 (+7.8%) from the 2010 census count of 18,911, which in turn had reflected an increase of 2,506 (+15.3%) from the 16,405 counted at the 2000 census. The township's Cape May Court House section is the county seat of Cape May County.

Cape May Court House, New Jersey
Cape May Court House is an unincorporated community  and census-designated place (CDP) located within Middle Township in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 United States census, the CDP's population was 5,573, reflecting a 4.4% increase from the 5,338 enumerated at the 2010 U.S. census, in turn an increase of 13.5% from the 4,704 counted in the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Cape May County and serves as the principal administrative hub for the township. It constitutes part of the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area, or the Delaware Valley.

Cooper University Hospital Cape Regional is the only hospital in Cape May County. The Cape May County Park and Zoo is also located in Cape May Court House.
Roy Riegels
Roy Riegels (April 4, 1908 – March 26, 1993) was an American college football center who played for the California Golden Bears from 1927 to 1929. Riegels was nicknamed "Wrong Way" due to his infamous wrong-way run in the 1929 Rose Bowl, which is often cited as the worst blunder in the history of college football. That one play overshadowed Riegels' football talents; he earned first-team All-America honors and served as team captain for the Golden Bears in 1929. Riegels' notability has been shared by motivational speakers who use his life as an example of overcoming setbacks.

California Golden Bears football
The California Golden Bears football program represents the University of California, Berkeley, in college football as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level. They were previously a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The team plays its home games at California Memorial Stadium and was most recently coached by Justin Wilcox before his firing following the 2025 Big Game. Since beginning of play in 1886, the team has won five NCAA recognized national titles — 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937 — and 14 conference championships, the last one in 2006. It has also produced what are considered to be two of the oddest and most memorable plays in college football: Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels' fumble recovery at the 1929 Rose Bowl and The Play kickoff return in the 1982 Big Game.
Sobekemsaf I
Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I was a pharaoh of Egypt during the 17th Dynasty in the Second Intermediate Period because both he and Sobekemsaf II were the predecessors of Nubkheperre Intef who was certainly a Theban 17th dynasty king.

Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef-Aa (sometimes Intef V) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 17th Dynasty of Egypt, who lived late during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided in two by Hyksos-controlled Lower Egypt and Theban-ruled Upper Egypt.
Alexander David Ssimbwa
Prince Alexander David Ssimbwa (21 March 1934 – 6 November 2014) was a Ugandan royal, diplomat, and revolutionary. He was born a prince of the Kingdom of Buganda as the son of King Daudi Cwa II. In the 1960s, he was arrested during the Mengo Crisis for allegedly conspiring against President Milton Obote. Following his release from prison in 1971, Ssimbwa served as the Ugandan Ambassador to China during the administration of President Yoweri Museveni.

Mengo Crisis
The Buganda Crisis, also called the 1966 Mengo Crisis, the Kabaka Crisis, or the 1966 Crisis, domestically, was a period of political turmoil that occurred in Buganda. It was driven by conflict between Prime Minister Milton Obote and the Kabaka of Buganda, Mutesa II, culminating in a military assault upon the latter's residence that drove him into exile.
Linji Temple
Linji Temple (simplified Chinese: 临济寺; traditional Chinese: 臨濟寺; pinyin: Línjì Sì) is a Buddhist temple located in Zhengding Town of Zhengding County, Hebei, China. In the mid-Tang dynasty (618–907), Linji Yixuan founded the Linji school, which eventually became one of the five major schools of Buddhism in China. In the Song dynasty (960–1276), two Japanese monks Eisai and Shuniyo introduced Linji school to Japan. Linji Temple is the cradle of Linji (Rinzai) school of both Chinese and Japanese Buddhism. The temple was added to National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area's list in 1983. The eldest thing in the temple is the Chengling Stupa, which still preserves the architectural style of the Liao and Jin dynasties (916–1234).

National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area
National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area are national key ("important") Buddhist temples in areas traditionally associated with the Han Chinese in the People's Republic of China (excluding Inner Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinjiang). The list was originally released on 9 April 1983 by the State Council, and included 142 Buddhist temples, of which all in the original list are listed below.
Composite Binary Offset Carrier
The Composite Binary Offset Carrier (CBOC) modulation is a particular implementation of the Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier modulation and it is nowadays used by Galileo satellite signals. It is formed by addition or subtraction of two weighted sine binary offset carrier modulations. It has been introduced as an MBOC variant, following an EU-US Agreement  in 2004 on the Promotion, Provision and use of Galileo and GPS Satellite-Based Navigation Systems and Related Applications.

A CBOC theoretical modeling can be found in.

Multiplexed binary offset carrier
Multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) modulation is a modulation design proposed for Galileo and modernized GPS satellite navigation signals, which combines a sine binary offset carrier SinBOC(1,1) signal with a SinBOC(6,1) signal, either via weighted sum/difference (the CBOC implementation) or via time-multiplexing (the TMBOC implementation).

The main objective of the common GPS and Galileo signal design activity was that the power spectral density (PSD) of the proposed solution would be identical for GPS L1C and Galileo E1 OS signals when the pilot and data components are computed together. This assures high interoperability between both signals. Its power spectral density  is defined by

MBOC has two main implementations, the Composite Binary Offset Carrier (CBOC) implementation, currently used in Galileo, and the Time-Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier (TMBOC), currently used in the modernized GPS L1C signal.
SARAL
SARAL (Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa) is a cooperative altimetry technology mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES). SARAL performs altimetric measurements designed to study ocean circulation and sea surface elevation.

Ocean surface topography
Ocean surface topography or sea surface topography, also called ocean dynamic topography, are highs and lows on the ocean surface, similar to the hills and valleys of Earth's land surface depicted on a topographic map. 
These variations are expressed in terms of average sea surface height (SSH) relative to Earth's geoid. The main purpose of measuring ocean surface topography is to understand the large-scale ocean circulation.
Sheraton Taoyuan Hotel
The Sheraton Taoyuan Hotel (traditional Chinese: 桃園喜來登酒店; simplified Chinese: 桃园喜来登酒店; pinyin: Táoyuán Xǐláidēng Jiǔdiàn) is located in Dayuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. It opened in 2010 as the Orchard Park Hotel and became a Sheraton on 22 September 2019. The hotel has 190 rooms and suites and has facilities such as a fitness center, indoor swimming pool, game room and gift shop. The hotel is a franchise of Sheraton Hotels and Resorts and is the fourth Sheraton hotel to open in Taiwan, after Sheraton Grand Taipei Hotel, Sheraton Hsinchu Hotel and Sheraton Taitung Hotel.

Sheraton Taitung Hotel
Sheraton Taitung Hotel (traditional Chinese: 台東桂田喜來登酒店; simplified Chinese: 台东桂田喜来登酒店; pinyin: Táidōng Guìtián Xǐláidēng Jiǔdiàn) is located in Taitung City, Taitung County, Taiwan. Formerly the Queena Plaza Hotel, it was renovated and reopened as a Sheraton in May 2015. The 19-storey, 211 ft (64 m) hotel has 290 rooms and suites and has facilities such as a fitness center, swimming pool, multipurpose entertainment room and sauna. The hotel is the tallest building in Taitung. It is a franchise of Sheraton Hotels and Resorts and is the third Sheraton hotel in Taiwan, after Sheraton Grand Taipei Hotel and Sheraton Hsinchu Hotel.