hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Periaqueductal gray
The periaqueductal gray (PAG), also known as the central gray, is a brain region that plays a critical role in autonomic function, motivated behavior and behavioural responses to threatening stimuli. PAG is also the primary control center for descending pain modulation. It has enkephalin-producing cells that suppress pain.

The periaqueductal gray is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the tegmentum of the midbrain. It projects to the nucleus raphe magnus, and also contains descending autonomic tracts. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic pathway (so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the PAG, in the mesencephalon or midbrain).

This region has been used as the target for brain-stimulating implants in patients with chronic pain.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
Zezé (novel)
Zezé is a Spanish novel written by Ángeles Vicente and published in 1909. Its importance lies in the fact that it is the first Spanish-language novel to deal with lesbian themes, and one of the first in Europe and the Americas.

Lesbian literature
Lesbian literature is a subgenre of literature addressing lesbian themes. It includes poetry, plays, fiction addressing lesbian characters, and non-fiction about lesbian-interest topics. A similar term is sapphic literature, encompassing works that feature love between women that are not necessarily lesbian.

Fiction that falls into this category may be of any genre, such as historical fiction, science fiction, fantasy, horror, and romance.
John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol
John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol (27 August 1665 – 20 January 1751) was an English Whig politician.

John Hervey was born in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, the son of Sir Thomas Hervey. He was educated in Bury and at Clare College, Cambridge. He became one of the two Members of Parliament for the town five years after his father in March 1694.

In March 1703 he was created 1st Baron Hervey, of Ickworth in the county of Suffolk, and in October 1714 was created 1st Earl of Bristol as a reward for his zeal in promoting the principles of the revolution and supporting the Hanoverian succession.

John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey
John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, PC (13 October 1696 – 5 August 1743) was an English courtier and political writer. Heir to the Earl of Bristol, he obtained the key patronage of Walpole, and was involved in many court intrigues and literary quarrels, being apparently caricatured by Pope and Fielding. His memoirs of the early reign of George II were too revealing to be published in his time and did not appear for more than a century.
Particle size analysis
Particle size analysis, particle size measurement, or simply particle sizing, is the collective name of the technical procedures, or laboratory techniques which determines the size range, and/or the average, or mean size of the particles in a powder or liquid sample.

Particle size analysis is part of particle science, and it is generally carried out in particle technology laboratories.

The particle size measurement is typically achieved by means of devices, called Particle Size Analyzers (PSA), which are based on different technologies, such as high definition image processing, analysis of Brownian motion, gravitational settling of the particle and light scattering (Rayleigh and Mie scattering) of the particles.

The particle size can have considerable importance in a number of industries including the chemical, food, mining, forestry, agriculture, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, energy, and aggregate industries.

Imaging particle analysis
Imaging particle analysis is a technique for making particle measurements using digital imaging, one of the techniques defined by the broader term particle size analysis. The measurements that can be made include particle size, particle shape (morphology or shape analysis and grayscale or color, as well as distributions (graphs) of statistical population measurements.
Monastery of Saint Theodosius
The Monastery of St. Theodosius, also known as Deir Dosi and Deir Ibn Ubeid in Arabic, is a monastery founded around 476 by Saint Theodosius the Cenobiarch and that since at least the 12th century contains his (today empty) tomb. It is located within the village of al-Ubeidiya, some 8 kilometres east of Bethlehem, on the road towards Mar Saba (St Sabbas) Monastery, in the West Bank, Palestine.

Theodosius the Cenobiarch
Theodosius the Cenobiarch or Theodosius the Great (c. 423–529) was a Cappadocian Christian monk, abbot, and saint who was a founder and organizer of the cenobitic way of monastic life in the Judaean desert. His feast day is on January 11.
Charles W. Forward
Charles Walter Forward (19 August 1863 – 9 June 1934) was an English activist for animal rights and vegetarianism, writer, editor, and historian. Forward made significant contributions to the vegetarian movement and is best known for his 1898 work, Fifty Years of Food Reform, which was the first book to document its history.

Fifty Years of Food Reform
Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England is an 1898 book by Charles W. Forward, published by The Ideal Publishing Union and the Vegetarian Society. Based on a series of articles Forward published in The Vegetarian Review in 1897, it surveys vegetarian ideas from classical antiquity through the Romantic and Victorian eras, and traces the British vegetarian movement from the founding of the Vegetarian Society in 1847 to the end of 1897, with brief discussion of related activity in the United States and Germany. The book includes over 200 illustrations, including portraits and photographs of people, places, and events associated with the movement. Later bibliographers and historians have described it as a key source for subsequent accounts of the British vegetarian movement and as one of the best sources of early photographs of the movement and its participants.
Prison School
Prison School (Japanese: 監獄学園（プリズンスクール）, Hepburn: Purizun Sukūru) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Akira Hiramoto. It was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Young Magazine from February 2011 to December 2017. Yen Press licensed the manga for English release in North America. The story takes place in a renowned and very strict school previously reserved for girls. But the establishment changes its policy and educates five young men who, by their behavior, will very quickly find themselves in quarantine. They will have to face all kinds of pitfalls to get out of this critical situation and escape the clutches of the Student Union.

A 12-episode anime television series adaptation, directed by Tsutomu Mizushima, aired from July to September 2015. A live-action drama television series aired from October to December 2015.

By March 2018, the manga had over 13 million copies in circulation. In 2013, Prison School won the 37th Kodansha Manga Award in the general category.

Akira Hiramoto
Akira Hiramoto (Japanese: 平本 アキラ, Hepburn: Hiramoto Akira; born 1976) is a Japanese manga artist. He made his debut with Sono Tomodachi ni Gimon Ari story in 1995 in Weekly Young Magazine. He is best known as the creator of Prison School, which won the General Manga Category award at the 2013 Kodansha Awards, and Me and the Devil Blues, which has won the 2009 Glyph Comics Awards for the Best Reprint Publication.
River Cober
50°05′N 5°17′W﻿ / ﻿50.083°N 5.283°W﻿ / 50.083; -5.283

The River Cober (Cornish: Dowr Kohar) is a short river in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The river runs to the west of Helston into The Loe, Cornwall's largest natural lake.

Helston
Helston (Cornish: Hellys) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the Lizard Peninsula approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Penzance and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Falmouth. Helston is the most southerly town on the island of Great Britain and is around 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 kilometres) farther south than Penzance. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 11,611 and the population of the built up area was 11,360.

The former stannary and cattle market town is best known for the annual Furry Dance (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the medieval period. However, the Hal-an-Tow is reputed to be of Celtic origin. The associated song and music, The Floral Dance, is known to have been written in 1911. In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter.
Landes (department)
Landes (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃d] ⓘ; Gascon and Occitan: Lanas [ˈlanəs]; Basque: Landak) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, Southwestern France, with a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It also borders Gers to the east, Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the south, Lot-et-Garonne to the north-east, and Gironde to the north. Located on the Atlantic coast, it had a population of 413,690 as of 2019. Its prefecture is Mont-de-Marsan.

The department is the second-largest department in France and it covers the Forest of Landes. The southwestern part of the department is part of the wider conurbation of Biarritz and Bayonne across the Pyrénées-Atlantique border.

Landes forest
The Landes forest (pronounced [lɑ̃d]; La forêt des Landes  in French) in the Landes de Gascogne (las Lanas de Gasconha in the Gascon language), in the historic Gascony natural region of southwestern France now known as Aquitaine, is the largest man-made woodland in Western Europe. The French word, landes and Gascon lanas, mean 'moors' or 'heaths', from Transalpine Gaulish *landa ("uninhabited/uncultivated area"); compare Irish lann, Welsh llan (“enclosure”).
Paramatman
Paramatman (Sanskrit: परमात्मन्, IAST: Paramātman) or Paramātmā is the absolute Atman, or supreme Self, in various philosophies such as the Vedanta and Yoga schools in Hindu theology, as well as other Indian religions such as Sikhism. Paramatman is the "Primordial Self" or the "Self Beyond" who is spiritually identical with the absolute and ultimate reality. Selflessness is the attribute of Paramatman, where all personality/individuality vanishes.

Ishvara
Ishvara (Sanskrit: ईश्वर, romanised: Īśvara) is a concept in Hinduism, with a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism. In ancient texts of Hindu philosophy, depending on the context, Ishvara can mean lord, ruler, king, husband, queen, soul or the Supreme Self (Paramatman). In medieval-era Hindu texts, depending on the school of Hinduism, Ishvara means God, Supreme Being, personal God, or special Self.
In Shaivism, Ishvara is an epithet of Shiva. In Vaishnavism, it is synonymous with Vishnu, like in his epithet of Venkateswara. In traditional Bhakti movements, Ishvara is one or more deities of an individual's preference (Iṣṭa-devatā) from Hinduism's polytheistic canon of deities. In modern-day sectarian movements like Arya Samaj and Brahmoism, Ishvara takes the form of a monotheistic God. In the Yoga school of Hinduism, it is any "personal deity" or "spiritual inspiration". In Advaita Vedanta, Ishvara is the manifested form of Brahman (Saguna brahman).
Northern Oklahoma College
Northern Oklahoma College (NOC) is a public community college in Tonkawa, Oklahoma, with additional campuses located in Enid, Oklahoma and Stillwater, Oklahoma. Student enrollment is approximately 3,100 as of fall 2023. NOC bought the former Phillips University in Enid, Oklahoma, in 1999 and it became the NOC Enid campus.

Phillips University
Phillips University was a private university in Enid, Oklahoma. It opened in 1906 and closed in 1998. It was affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). It included an undergraduate college and a graduate seminary. The university was also home to the Enid-Phillips Symphony Orchestra, and its campus regularly hosted events for the Tri-State Music Festival.
DEKA (New Zealand)
DEKA was a nationwide chain of general merchandise stores in New Zealand. It was launched in 1988 by L.D. Nathan, which split its supermarket and general merchandise divisions. In 1992 ownership of DEKA shifted to the Farmers Trading Company, which had until then been a competitor. As a result of unsustainable financial losses, all DEKA stores were either closed or converted to Farmers stores in 2001.

Farmers (department store)
Farmers Trading Company Ltd (branded as Farmers) is a New Zealand mid-market department store chain. Headquartered in Flat Bush, Auckland, Farmers operates 58 stores across New Zealand, specialising in family fashion, beauty, homewares, furniture, large appliances and whiteware.
Some Rap Songs
Some Rap Songs is the third studio album by American rapper Earl Sweatshirt. It was released on November 30, 2018, through Tan Cressida Records and distributed by Columbia Records.

The album features guest contributions from Navy Blue, Standing on the Corner, as well as vocal samples of Earl's mother Cheryl Harris, Earl's father Keorapetse Kgositsile who is credited posthumously, and an instrumental sample of Hugh Masekela, who is also credited posthumously. It features prominent production from Sweatshirt himself, with further contributions by Darryl Anthony, Adé Hakim, Denmark, Black Noise, Sage Elsesser and Shamel of SOTC.

Sage Elsesser
Sage Gabriel Carlos Atreyu Elsesser (born January 31, 1997), also known as Navy Blue, is an American skateboarder, rapper, record producer, visual artist, and model.

Elsesser has been sponsored by several skater fashion brands including Converse and Supreme, as well as becoming a professional skater in 2014 through skater collective and clothing store Fucking Awesome. Aside from skating and music, he is also a model for various clothing brands and an artist, most notably handling the art direction for Earl Sweatshirt's album I Don't Like Shit, I Don't Go Outside in 2015.
The Last Chronicle of Barset
The Last Chronicle of Barset is a novel by English author Anthony Trollope, published in 1867. It is the sixth and final book in the Chronicles of Barsetshire series, preceded by The Small House at Allington. The novel is set in the fictional county of Barsetshire and deploys characters from the earlier novels, whilst concentrating on the personnel associated with the cathedral. The main narrative thread is catalysed by the loss of a cheque which had been in the possession of the Reverend Josiah Crawley, and the subsequent reactions of his friends and enemies. Trollope drew inspiration from his father and mother in the creation of the Rev. and Mrs. Crawley. In his autobiography, Trollope regarded this novel as "the best novel I have written.", although later commentators do not agree with this judgement. The serialisation was illustrated by G H Thomas who was selected by the publisher, though Trollope had wished for Millais who had illustrated The Small House at Allington.

The Small House at Allington
The Small House at Allington is a novel by the English writer Anthony Trollope. It first appeared as a serial in the Cornhill Magazine, running from the July–December 1862 issue to the July–December issue of the following year. In 1864 it was published as an independent work in two volumes. It is the fifth book in the Chronicles of Barsetshire series, preceded by Framley Parsonage and followed by The Last Chronicle of Barset. It enjoyed a revival in popularity in the early 1990s when the British prime minister, John Major, declared it  his favourite book.
Strike-slip tectonics
Strike-slip tectonics or wrench tectonics is a type of tectonics that is dominated by lateral (horizontal) movements within the Earth's crust (and lithosphere). Where a zone of strike-slip tectonics forms the boundary between two tectonic plates, this is known as a transform or conservative plate boundary. Areas of strike-slip tectonics are characterised by particular deformation styles including: stepovers, Riedel shears, flower structures and strike-slip duplexes.  Where the displacement along a zone of strike-slip deviates from parallelism with the zone itself, the style becomes either transpressional or transtensional depending on the sense of deviation. Strike-slip tectonics is characteristic of several geological environments, including oceanic and continental transform faults, zones of oblique collision and the deforming foreland of zones of continental collision.

Transtension
Transtension is the state in which a rock mass or area of the Earth's crust experiences both extensive and transtensive shear. As such, transtensional regions are characterised by both extensional structures (normal faults, grabens) and wrench structures (strike-slip faults). In general, many tectonic regimes that were previously defined as simple strike-slip shear zones are actually transtensional. It is unlikely that a deforming body will experience 'pure' extension or 'pure' strike-slip.

Transtensional shear zones are characterized by the co-existence of different structures, related to both strike-slip shear and extension. End member structures include pure strike-slip faults and purely extensional ("normal") dip-slip faults. Faults which have components of both (termed 'oblique' slip faults) are abundant.
Rakhiv
Rakhiv (Ukrainian: Рахів, IPA: [ˈrɑxiu̯] ⓘ; Hungarian: Rahó; Romanian: Rahău) is a city located in Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. Part of the historical region of Hutsulshchyna, it is the administrative center of Rakhiv Raion (district). Population: 15,536 (2022 estimate).

Hutsuls
The Hutsuls (Hutsul/Ukrainian: гуцули, romanized: hutsuly; Polish: Huculi, Hucułowie; Romanian: huțuli) are an East Slavic ethnic group spanning parts of western Ukraine and northern Romania (i.e. parts of Bukovina and Maramureș).

In Ukraine, they have often been officially and administratively designated a subgroup of Ukrainians, and, among Ukrainian scholars, are largely regarded as constituting part of the broader Ukrainian ethnicity. However, in the eyes of some scholars and of some Hutsuls, they are either their own nation, or a part of the Rusyn nation, alongside the closely related ethnic groups of Boykos and Lemkos.
Ramón Corona
Ramón Corona (18 October 1837, Tuxcueca, Jalisco, Mexico – 11 November 1889, Guadalajara, Jalisco) was a liberal Mexican general and diplomat. He served with distinction during the Second French Intervention in Mexico and after the triumph of the republic, the government assigned him to hunt down the local caudillo, Manuel Lozada. He served as the Mexican minister to Spain but upon his return to the country, Corona was murdered in 1889.

Manuel Lozada
Manuel Lozada, nicknamed "The Tiger of Álica", was a regional caudillo based in the region of Tepic, Mexico. He was born in 1828 in the Tepic Territory, Mexico and died on July 19, 1873, in Loma de los Metates, Nayarit.

During the Second French Intervention in Mexico he supported the Second Mexican Empire, but switched sides as the Empire began to falter in 1866. After the triumph of the Republic in 1867 he ran afoul of the Mexican government who had him executed as a bandit in 1873. Manuel Lozada is still considered a controversial figure in Latin American history.
Herb Conaway
Herbert Clark Hoover Conaway Jr. (born January 30, 1963) is an American politician, physician, and former Air Force officer currently serving as the U.S. representative from New Jersey's 3rd congressional district since 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1998 to 2025, where he represented the 7th legislative district.

Conaway served in the Assembly as the Majority Whip from 2014 to 2017, and was the Deputy Speaker from 2002 to 2005 and again starting in 2022. He won New Jersey's 3rd district in the 2024 U.S. House of Representatives election, where he ran as the Democratic nominee.

New Jersey's 3rd congressional district
New Jersey's 3rd congressional district is a suburban district in southern and central New Jersey. Centrally located on the I-95 corridor in the Northeast Megalopolis, at the cross-roads between the Delaware Valley region in the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area and the Raritan Valley region within the larger New York metropolitan area, the  district includes large swaths of Burlington County, and portions of Mercer and Monmouth Counties. It is  currently represented by Democrat Herb Conaway of Delran Township, who was elected to succeed Andy Kim of Moorestown and took office in January 2025, after Kim stepped down to take office in the United States Senate.

Under the 2020 census map, the 3rd district lost all of its municipalities in Ocean County, and gained several towns in Burlington, Mercer, and northern and western Monmouth Counties.
Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
27°49′N 99°42′E﻿ / ﻿27.82°N 99.70°E﻿ / 27.82; 99.70

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in northwestern Yunnan province, China. Covering an area of 23,870 km2 (9,220 sq mi), it is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the northwest, Sichuan province to the northeast, and other parts of Yunnan province to the southwest and southeast; Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture and Lijiang, respectively. Its capital and largest city is Shangri-La. By the end of 2024, the total resident population of the state will be 395,000.

Diqing Prefecture is divided into three county-level divisions: Shangri-La, Deqin County, and Weixi Lisu Autonomous County. They were all formerly under the administration of Lijiang (located southeast of this prefecture). Diqing Prefecture was established in 1957 and named by its first governor.

Shangri-La, Yunnan
Shangri-La (Chinese: 香格里拉; pinyin: Xiānggélǐlā; Tibetan: སེམས་ཀྱི་ཉི་ཟླ།) is a county-level city in northwestern Yunnan province, China, named after Shangri-La, the mythical land depicted in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon. It is the capital and largest city of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is bordered by the city of Lijiang to the south and Sichuan province to the northwest, north, and east.
Kings of Judah
The Kings of Judah were the monarchs who ruled over the ancient Kingdom of Judah, which was formed in about 930 BC, according to the Hebrew Bible, when the United Kingdom of Israel split, with the people of the northern Kingdom of Israel rejecting Rehoboam as their monarch, leaving him as solely the King of Judah.

The capital of the Kingdom of Judah was Jerusalem. All of the kings of Judah lived and died in Judah except for Ahaziah (who died at Megiddo in Israel), Jehoahaz (who died a prisoner in Egypt) and Jeconiah and Zedekiah who were deported as part of the Babylonian captivity.

Judah was conquered in 587 or 586 BC, by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuzaradan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard. With the death or deportation of most of the population and the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, the Kingdom of Judah was dissolved.

Jeconiah
Jeconiah (Biblical Hebrew: יְכָנְיָה, romanized: Yəḵonəyā [jəxonjɔː] meaning "Yahweh has established"; Greek: Ἰεχονίας; Latin: Iechonias, Jechonias), also known as Coniah and as Jehoiachin (יְהוֹיָכִין Yəhoyāḵin [jəhoːjɔːˈxiːn]; Latin: Ioachin, Joachin), was the nineteenth and penultimate king of Judah who was dethroned by the King of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar II in the 6th century BCE and was taken into captivity. He was the son and successor of King Jehoiakim, and the grandson of King Josiah. Most of what is known about Jeconiah is found in the Hebrew Bible. Records of Jeconiah's existence have been found in Iraq, such as the Jehoiachin's Rations Tablets. These tablets were excavated near the Ishtar Gate in Babylon and dated to c. 592 BCE. Written in cuneiform, they mention Jeconiah (Akkadian: 𒅀𒀪𒌑𒆠𒉡}, romanized: Yaʾukinu [ia-ʾ-ú-ki-nu]) and his five sons as recipients of food rations in Babylon.