hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kernel density estimation
In statistics, kernel density estimation (KDE) is the application of kernel smoothing for probability density estimation, i.e., a non-parametric method to estimate the probability density function of a random variable based on kernels as weights. KDE answers a fundamental data smoothing problem where inferences about the population are made based on a finite data sample. In some fields such as signal processing and econometrics it is also termed the Parzen–Rosenblatt window method,  after Emanuel Parzen and Murray Rosenblatt, who are usually credited with independently creating it in its current form. One of the famous applications of kernel density estimation is in estimating the class-conditional marginal densities of data when using a naive Bayes classifier, which can improve its prediction accuracy.

Variable kernel density estimation
In statistics, adaptive or "variable-bandwidth" kernel density estimation is a form of kernel density estimation in which the size of the kernels used in the estimate are varied
depending upon either the location of the samples or the location of the test point.
It is a particularly effective technique when the sample space is multi-dimensional.
Michael Goolaerts
Michael Goolaerts (Dutch: [ˈmɑikəl ˈɣoːlaːrts]; 24 July 1994 – 8 April 2018) was a Belgian cyclist who rode for Vérandas Willems–Crelan. During the 2018 Paris–Roubaix, Goolaerts suffered a cardiac arrest. He was airlifted to a hospital in Lille, where he died hours later.

Vérandas Willems–Crelan
Vérandas Willems–Crelan was a UCI Professional Continental team founded in 2013 and based in Belgium. During the winter the team is active in cyclo-cross. Former team member Michael Goolaerts died following a cardiac arrest at the 2018 Paris–Roubaix in France. In August 2018 it was announced that the team would merge with Roompot–Nederlandse Loterij for the 2019 season under the name Roompot-Crelan.
Chelsea Barracks
Chelsea Barracks was a British Army barracks located in the City of Westminster, London, between the districts of Belgravia, Chelsea and Pimlico on Chelsea Bridge Road.
The barracks closed in the late 2000s, and the site is currently being redeveloped for residential use by Qatari Diar, a subsidiary of the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA).

Qatar Investment Authority
The Qatar Investment Authority (QIA; Arabic: جهاز قطر للإستثمار) is Qatar's sovereign wealth fund, founded by the State of Qatar in 2005 to strengthen the country's economy by diversifying into new asset classes. In August 2025, the fund had an estimated $557 billion of assets under management.

The QIA's structure and decision-making procedures have been characterized as non-transparent. Spending decisions regarding the fund have been linked to the emir and the prime minister (regardless of whether they sit on the board of the fund).
Edvard Bull Sr.
Edvard Bull (4 December 1881 – 26 August 1932) was a Norwegian historian and politician for the Labour Party. He took the doctorate in 1912 and became a professor at the University of Kristiania in 1917, and is known for writings on a broad range of subjects. In addition to his academic work, he is known for his work on Norsk biografisk leksikon. His Marxist leanings inspired him to take up a parallel political career, in the Labour Party. Situated on the radical wing in the 1910s, he was among the architects as the Labour Party denounced the Twenty-one Conditions in 1923 and reunited with the social democrats in 1927. He was the deputy party leader from 1923 to 1932, and served as Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs in Hornsrud's short-lived cabinet in 1928.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Norway)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs (Bokmål: Utenriksministeren, Nynorsk: Utanriksministeren) is a councilor of state and chief of the Norway's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 16 October 2023, the position has been held by Espen Barth Eide of the Labour Party.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, based at Victoria Terrasse, Oslo, is responsible for Norway's relation with foreign countries, including diplomacy and diplomatic missions, trade, foreign aid and cooperation with international organisations. Except during the four in which a Deputy of the Prime Minister of Norway was appointed, the Minister of Foreign Affairs ranks second in the cabinet after the Prime Minister and is his deputy.
Infinity Falls
Infinity Falls is a river raft ride manufactured by Intamin located at SeaWorld Orlando in Orlando, Florida. The ride opened on October 4, 2018, holding the record for tallest drop on a river raft ride.

SeaWorld Orlando
SeaWorld Orlando is an animal theme park located just outside Orlando, Florida. Although separately gated, it is often promoted with neighboring parks Discovery Cove and Aquatica as well as Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, all of which are owned and operated by United Parks & Resorts. In 2022, SeaWorld Orlando hosted an estimated 4.45 million guests, ranking it the 10th most visited amusement park in the United States. SeaWorld Orlando is also featured in the 1983 film Jaws 3-D.
The Upstage Club
The Upstage Club was a music venue, coffeehouse and afterhours club in Asbury Park, New Jersey. The club is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Influential musicians such as Bruce Springsteen, Bill Chinnock, Southside Johnny (John Lyon), David Sancious, Steven Van Zandt, Garry Tallent, Vini Lopez, and Danny Federici first honed their live performance skills at the club. It was where the Asbury Jukes, Steel Mill, and the Blackberry Blues Band were formed.

Asbury Park, New Jersey
Asbury Park (/æzbɛri/) is a beachfront city located on the Jersey Shore in Monmouth County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 15,188, a decrease of 928 (−5.8%) from the 2010 census count of 16,116, which in turn reflected a decline of 814 (−4.8%) from the 16,930 counted in the 2000 census.

In 2022, Asbury Park's beach was named one of the best in the world by Money and one of the best in the country by Travel + Leisure.

Asbury Park was originally incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 26, 1874, from portions of Ocean Township. The borough was reincorporated on February 28, 1893. Asbury Park was incorporated as a city, its current type of government, as of March 25, 1897.
Tijara Jain temple
Tijara Jain Temple is a digambar Jain temple dedicated to Chandraprabhu. The temple is located in the hill city Tijara, in the Khairthal-Tijara district of Rajasthan, India. It is an Atishaya Kshetra (English: Place where Miracles happen). It is 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Alwar and 110 kilometres (68 mi) from Delhi. The location is a tirtha (pilgrimage site) for the Jains.

Chandraprabha
Chandraprabha (English: Lord of Moon) or Chandranatha is the eighth Tirthankara of Tīrthaṅkara of Jainism in the present age (Avasarpini). According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at Chandrapuri to the Ikshvaku dynasty. According to Jain texts, his birth-date was the twelfth day of the Posh Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He is said to have become a siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma.
Ferdinand Lepcke
Ferdinand Lepcke (or Lepke; March 23, 1866 – March 12, 1909) was a German sculptor, who in particular realized two major monuments in Bydgoszcz: the Deluge Fountain and The Archer. He received a golden medal at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition and, the Berlin Minister for Spiritual Education and Medical Affairs awarded him the title of professor.

The Archer (Lepcke)
The Archer or Archeress (Polish: Łuczniczka, German: Bogenspannerin) is a sculpture in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It stands in the Jan Kochanowski Park, facing the Polish Theatre. It is one of the oldest preserved sculptures in the city, realized by Ferdinand Lepcke. The figure of The Archer is one of the most expressive symbols of Bydgoszcz. Four copies of the statue still exist in German cities.
The Hypnotist (novel)
The Hypnotist (Swedish: Hypnotisören) is a crime novel by the Swedish husband-wife writing team of Alexander Ahndoril and Alexandra Coelho Ahndoril, published under the name Lars Kepler.  It was first published in Sweden in 2009 and translated into English in 2011 by Ann Long. In 2012, it was adapted into a film.

The Hypnotist (2012 film)
The Hypnotist (Swedish: Hypnotisören) is a 2012 Swedish crime thriller film directed by Lasse Hallström, based on the Swedish novel of the same name by Lars Kepler. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.
Subdivision surface
In the field of 3D computer graphics, a subdivision surface (commonly shortened to SubD surface or Subsurf) is a curved surface represented by the specification of a coarser polygon mesh and produced by a recursive algorithmic method. The curved surface, the underlying inner mesh, can be calculated from the coarse mesh, known as the control cage or outer mesh, as the functional limit of an iterative process of subdividing each polygonal face into smaller faces that better approximate the final underlying curved surface. Less commonly, a simple algorithm is used to add geometry to a mesh by subdividing the faces into smaller ones without changing the overall shape or volume.

The opposite is reducing polygons or un-subdividing.

Doo–Sabin subdivision surface
In 3D computer graphics, a Doo–Sabin subdivision surface is a type of subdivision surface based on a generalization of bi-quadratic uniform B-splines, whereas Catmull-Clark was based on generalized bi-cubic uniform B-splines. The subdivision refinement algorithm was developed in 1978 by Daniel Doo and Malcolm Sabin.

The Doo-Sabin process generates one new face at each original vertex, ⁠⁠ new faces along each original edge, and ⁠⁠ new faces at each original face. A primary characteristic of the Doo–Sabin subdivision method is the creation of four faces and four edges (valence 4) around every new vertex in the refined mesh. A drawback is that the faces created at the original vertices  may be triangles or n-gons that are not necessarily coplanar.
Australian Operational Service Medal
The Australian Operational Service Medal is a campaign medal established on 22 May 2012 to recognise service by Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel on designated hazardous operations. It may also be awarded to civilians who serve alongside the ADF on designated operations under specific conditions.

It replaces the Australian Active Service Medal and Australian Service Medal for future ADF operations. The medal is issued to military personnel with a different ribbon for each designated operation. When issued to civilians, a standard ribbon is issued with clasps issued for each designated operation.

Australian Service Medal
The Australian Service Medal is an Australian military decoration. It was authorised 13 September 1988 to recognise prescribed service in peacekeeping and non-warlike operations. It is awarded with a clasp to denote the prescribed operation and subsequent awards of the medal are made in the form of additional clasps. The Australian Service Medal 1945–1975 recognises non-warlike service prior to 17 September 1975.
Dangereuse Attraction
Dangereuse Attraction is the second studio album by Canadian singer Marie-Mai. The album was released on 28 August 2007 in Canada by Musicor and later, in France by Warner Music France, on 26 May 2008. The album was produced by Fred St-Gelais. The album was certified gold by Music Canada.

Marie-Mai
Marie-Mai (born Marie-Mai Bouchard on July 7, 1984, in Varennes, Quebec) is a Canadian singer from Montreal. She was initially known as one of the finalists of the first season of the Quebec reality show Star Académie.
Syalyets Selsoviet, Brest region
Syalyets rural council (Belarusian: Сялецкі сельсавет; Russian: Селецкий сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Byaroza District, Brest Region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the agrotown of Syalyets.

It includes the following populated places:

Vorozhbity (village)

Zubachi (village)

Kurovshchina (village)

Mikhnovichi (village)

Narutovichi (village)

Onitsevichi (village)

Oseka (village)

Osovtsy (village)

Panasovichi (village)

Plyakhovshchina (village)

Rogachi (village)

Syalyets (agrotown)

Soshitsa (village)

Utrany (village)

Yasevichi (village)

Syalyets, Byaroza district
Syalyets (Belarusian: Сялец, romanized: Sialiec; Russian: Селец, romanized: Selets; Polish: Sielec) is an agrotown in Byaroza District, Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Syalyets selsoviet.
Nieuport 11
The Nieuport 11 (or Nieuport XI C.1 in contemporary sources), nicknamed the Bébé, is a French World War I single seat sesquiplane fighter aircraft, designed by Gustave Delage. It was the primary aircraft that ended the Fokker Scourge in 1916. The type saw service with several of France's allies, and gave rise to the series of "vee-strut" Nieuport fighters that remained in service (latterly as trainers) into the 1920s.

Fokker Eindecker fighters
The Fokker Eindecker fighters were a series of German World War I monoplane single-seat fighter aircraft designed by Dutch engineer Anthony Fokker. Developed in April 1915, the first Eindecker ("Monoplane") was the first purpose-built German fighter aircraft and the first aircraft to be fitted with a synchronization gear, enabling the pilot to fire a machine gun through the arc of the propeller without striking the blades. The Eindecker gave the German Army's Air Service (then the Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches) a degree of air superiority from July 1915 until early 1916. This period, during which Allied aviators regarded their poorly armed aircraft as "Fokker Fodder", became known as the "Fokker Scourge".
Makueni County
Makueni County is a county in the former Eastern Province of Kenya. Its capital town is Wote. It's the largest town in the county. Emali town which is an important market and stop over for the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), is another major town in the county. It is multicultural and adds diversity to Makueni County. The county had a population of 987,653 in the 2019 census. The county lies between Latitude 1° 35' and 2° 59' South and Longitude 37° 10' and 38° 30' East. It borders Machakos County to the North, Kitui County to the East, Taita Taveta County to the South and Kajiado County to the West and covers an area of 8,008.9 km2.

Eastern Province (Kenya)
The Eastern Province (Swahili: Mashariki) of Kenya was one of 8 Provinces of Kenya. Its northern boundary ran along with that of Ethiopia; the North Eastern Province and Coast Province lay to the east and south; and the remainder of Kenya's provinces, including Central Province, ran along its western border. The provincial capital was Embu.
Twoism
Twoism is the debut EP by Scottish electronic duo Boards of Canada, released through their own Music70 label in August 1995 as a limited run of approximately 100 copies.

The EP was out of print until it was re-issued by Warp Records on November 25, 2002.

Boards of Canada
Boards of Canada are a Scottish electronic music duo consisting of the brothers Mike Sandison and Marcus Eoin. Signing first to Skam followed by Warp Records in the 1990s, they received recognition following the release of their debut album, Music Has the Right to Children, on Warp in 1998. They followed with the acclaimed albums Geogaddi (2002), The Campfire Headphase (2005) and Tomorrow's Harvest (2013).

The duo's work, largely influenced by media and electronic music from the 1970s, incorporates vintage synthesiser tones, samples, analog equipment, and hip hop-inspired beats. It has been described by critics as exploring themes related to nostalgia, as well as childhood memory, science, environmental concerns and esoteric subjects. In 2012, Fact described them as "one of the best-known and best-loved electronic acts of the last two decades".
Hans Christian Andersen (film)
Hans Christian Andersen is a 1952 Hollywood musical film directed by Charles Vidor and produced by Samuel Goldwyn. The screenplay by Moss Hart and an uncredited Ben Hecht is based on a story by Myles Connolly.

Although it is nominally about Hans Christian Andersen, the 19th-century Danish author of many world-famous fairy tales, the film is romantic fiction, and does not relate to Andersen's biography: the introduction describes it as "not the story of his life, but a fairy tale about this great spinner of fairy tales." Andersen, as played by Danny Kaye, is portrayed as a small-town cobbler with a childlike heart and a vivid imagination.

A large part of the narrative is told through song (music and lyrics by Frank Loesser) and ballet and includes many of the real Andersen's most famous stories, such as The Ugly Duckling, Thumbelina, The Emperor's New Clothes and The Little Mermaid. The film was internationally successful at the time of release.

The Ugly Duckling
"The Ugly Duckling" (Danish: Den grimme ælling) is a Danish literary fairy tale by the Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875). It was first published on 11 November 1843 in New Fairy Tales. First Volume. First Collection, with three other tales by Andersen in Copenhagen to great critical acclaim. The tale has been adapted to various media, including opera, musical, and animated film. The tale is an original story by Andersen.
Compound Media
Compound Media (formerly The Anthony Cumia Network) was an American subscription-based platform for audio and video podcasts. It was launched as The Anthony Cumia Network in 2014 by radio personality Anthony Cumia, who began hosting The Anthony Cumia Show on it after leaving SiriusXM. The network subsequently added more shows, including those hosted by Bill Schulz, Joanne Nosuchinsky, Michael Malice, Kevin Brennan, Don Jamieson, Chrissie Mayr, Gavin McInnes, and Geno Bisconte. It relaunched as Compound Media in 2016.

Anthony Cumia
Anthony Cumia (born April 26, 1961) is an American shock jock, podcaster and broadcaster. He is the host of The Anthony Cumia Show on WABC's Talkradio 77 and the online video platform Compound Censored. He was the co-host of the Opie and Anthony radio show, along with Gregg "Opie" Hughes, which aired from 1995 to 2014.

In 2014, Cumia was fired by SiriusXM Radio after posting a series of racist tweets in which he claimed to have been assaulted by a Black woman. In 2015, he was arrested for assaulting his then-girlfriend and pled guilty to third-degree assault and criminal obstruction of breathing. He started his own video podcast soon after named The Anthony Cumia Show, which aired until September 2017, when he started The Artie and Anthony Show with comedian and actor Artie Lange. In May 2018, Lange left the show and was replaced by Dave Landau; the show's name reverted to The Anthony Cumia Show.
Belém, Lisbon
Belém (locally [bɨˈlɐ̃j]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Belém is located in western Lisbon, to the west of Ajuda and Alcântara and directly east of Lisbon's border with Oeiras. Belém is famous as a museum district, as the home of many of the most notable monuments of Lisbon and Portugal alike, such as the Belém Tower, the Jerónimos Monastery, the Padrão dos Descobrimentos, and Belém Palace (official residence of the President of Portugal). The population in 2011 was 16,528.

Monument of the Discoveries
The Monument of the Discoveries (Portuguese: Padrão dos Descobrimentos, Portuguese pronunciation: [pɐˈðɾɐ̃w duʒ ðɨʃkuβɾiˈmẽtuʃ]) is a monument on the northern bank of the Tagus River estuary, in the civil parish of Santa Maria de Belém, Lisbon. Located along the river where ships departed to explore and trade with India and the Orient, the monument celebrates the Portuguese Age of Discovery (or "Age of Exploration") during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Columbia Basin Herald
The Columbia Basin Herald is a daily newspaper based in Moses Lake, Washington, United States. The newspaper serves Central Washington and is the legal newspaper of record for Moses Lake, Royal City, and Grant County. It is owned by Hagadone News Network.

Moses Lake, Washington
Moses Lake is a city in Grant County, Washington, United States. The population was 25,146 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 26,969 in 2024. Moses Lake is the most populous city in Grant County. The city anchors the Moses Lake Micropolitan area, which includes all of Grant County and is part of the Moses Lake–Othello combined statistical area.

Moses Lake, on which the city lies, is made up of three main arms over 18 miles (29 km) long and up to one mile (1.6 km) wide. It is the largest natural body of fresh water in Grant County and has over 120 miles (190 km) of shoreline covering 6,500 acres (2,600 ha). Before it was dammed in the early 1900s and then incorporated into the Columbia Basin Project, Moses Lake was a smaller shallow lake. To the south of the town is the Potholes Reservoir and the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge that has a number of seep lakes and vast amounts of migratory birds and other fauna natural to the area.
Wigram
Wigram is a suburb in the southwest of Christchurch, New Zealand. The suburb lies close to the industrial estates of Sockburn and the satellite retail and residential zone of Hornby, and has undergone significant growth in recent years due to housing developments. It is seven kilometres to the west of the city centre.

Hornby, New Zealand
Hornby is a residential and retail suburb at the western edge of Christchurch, New Zealand. The suburb is directly connected to other parts of Christchurch and the South Island by a number of main arterial routes, including State Highway 1 and the Christchurch Southern Motorway.
Thomas Ashcraft
Thomas Ashcraft (born 1951, Springfield, Illinois) is an American astronomer, naturalist, scientific instrument-maker, and artist. He is known for his observations of transient luminous events (lightning sprites), meteoric fireballs, solar radio and optical phenomena, and Jupiter radio emissions.

He is an artist and citizen scientist whose work, Heliotown II, is on exhibit in the old pool house located on the Hyde Park campus at the Santa Fe Institute. He resides and maintains a laboratory and studio west of Villanueva, New Mexico where he operates the Observatory of Heliotown. Research-grade images, audio, and video captured at the observatory have been featured on NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day blog.

Living isolated from the technological world in New Mexico, Ashcraft started to self learn radio astronomy in 1990.

Sprite (lightning)
Sprites or red sprites are large-scale electric discharges that occur in the mesosphere, high above thunderstorm clouds, or cumulonimbus, giving rise to a varied range of visual shapes flickering in the night sky. They are usually triggered by the discharges of positive lightning between an underlying thundercloud and the ground.
Dupax
Dupax, officially the Municipality of Dupax, was a municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Founded during the Spanish era, it was divided into Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur in 1971.

Dupax del Norte
Dupax del Norte, officially the Municipality of Dupax del Norte (Gaddang: Ili na Dupax del Norte; Ilocano: Ili ti Dupax del Norte; Tagalog: Bayan ng Hilagang Dupax), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 35,509 people.