hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alvise Loredan
Alvise Loredan (1393 – 6 March 1466) was a Venetian nobleman of the Loredan family. At a young age he became a galley captain, and served with distinction as a military commander, with a long record of battles against the Ottomans, from the naval expeditions to aid Thessalonica, to the Crusade of Varna, and the opening stages of the Ottoman–Venetian War of 1463–1479, as well as the Wars in Lombardy against the Duchy of Milan. He also served in a number of high government positions, as provincial governor, savio del consiglio, and Procuratore de Supra of Saint Mark's Basilica.

Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
The First Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice with its allies and the Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1479. Fought shortly after the capture of Constantinople and the remnants of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottomans, it resulted in the loss of several Venetian holdings in Albania and Greece, most importantly the island of Negroponte (Euboea), which had been a Venetian protectorate for centuries. The war also saw the rapid expansion of the Ottoman navy, which became able to challenge the Venetians and the Knights Hospitaller for supremacy in the Aegean Sea. In the closing years of the war, however, the Republic managed to recoup its losses by the de facto acquisition of the Crusader Kingdom of Cyprus.
Department of Radio–Television–Film (University of Texas at Austin)
The Department of Radio–Television–Film is one of the five departments comprising the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, located in Austin, Texas. The department was founded in 1965.

Moody College of Communication
The Moody College of Communication is the communication college at The University of Texas at Austin. The Moody College of Communication operates out of the Jesse H. Jones Communication Complex and the Dealey Center for New Media, which opened in November 2012.
National Agri-trade and Food Safety Authority
National Agri-trade and Food Safety Authority (NAFSA)  is a statutory body created to oversee food safety and agricultural trade in Pakistan. It ensures compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and international standards, aligning Pakistan’s agricultural exports with global benchmarks such as Codex Alimentarius, WOAH, and IPPC. It was created in 2025 and replaced the Department of Plant Protection and Animal Quarantine Department.

Department of Plant Protection
The Department of Plant Protection (DPP) (Urdu: محکمہ تحفظِ نباتات ، پاکستان was a department of the Ministry of National Food Security and Research of the Government of Pakistan. In 2025, it was replaced by the National Agri-trade and Food Safety Authority.

It worked under the following pieces of legislation and regulation of the Government of Pakistan: (i) Plant Quarantine Act 1976 (ii) Agricultural Pesticide Rules  and (iii) Agricultural Pesticide Ordinance.

The Department consisted of the following four divisions and wings:

Plant Quarantine

Pesticide Registration

Locust Control and Survey

Aerial Wing

In addition, the Department also operates the following two laboratories:

Central Plant Quarantine Lab

Federal Pesticide Testing and Reference Lab
Interstate 385
Interstate 385 (I-385) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway located in the Upstate region of South Carolina. I-385 is a spur route of I-85. The highway provides a connection between Greenville and I-26 to the south, connecting Greenville to Columbia and Charleston. Around Greenville, the last several miles of I-385 forms the northeastern quadrant of a partial beltway around Greenville's southern suburbs along with I-185.

Interstate 26 in South Carolina
Interstate 26 (I-26) is a South Carolina Interstate highway running generally east–west from near Landrum, in Spartanburg County, to U.S. Route 17 (US 17), in Charleston, South Carolina. It is also the longest Interstate Highway in South Carolina.
Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository
The Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository is a deep geological repository for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. It is near the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant in the municipality of Eurajoki, on the west coast of Finland. It will be the world's first long-term disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel. It is being constructed by Posiva, and is based on the KBS-3 method of nuclear waste burial developed in Sweden by Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB). The facility will be operational by 2026, and decommissioned by 2100.

Deep geological repository
A deep geological repository is a way of storing hazardous or radioactive waste within a stable geologic environment, typically 200–1,000 m below the surface of the earth. It entails a combination of waste form, waste package, engineered seals and geology that is suited to provide a high level of long-term isolation and containment without future maintenance. This is intended to prevent radioactive dangers. A number of mercury, cyanide and arsenic waste repositories are operating worldwide including Canada (Giant Mine) and Germany (potash mines in Herfa-Neurode and Zielitz). Radioactive waste storage sites are under construction with the Onkalo in Finland being the most advanced.
Alfred Peet
Alfred H. Peet (March 10, 1920 – August 29, 2007) was a Dutch-American entrepreneur and the founder of Peet's Coffee & Tea in Berkeley, California, in 1966. Peet is widely credited with starting the specialty coffee revolution in the US. Among coffee historians, Peet has been called "the Dutchman who taught America how to drink coffee." Peet taught his style of roasting beans to Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker, who, with his blessing, took the technique to Seattle and founded Starbucks in 1971. Peet later distanced himself, however, from the Starbucks trio as they experimented with ultra-dark roasts. "Baldwin never learned anything from me," Peet was later quoted as saying.

Peet's Coffee
Peet's Coffee is a San Francisco Bay Area-based specialty coffee roaster and retailer owned by Keurig Dr Pepper.
Founded in 1966 by Alfred Peet in Berkeley, California, Peet's introduced the United States to its darker roasted Arabica coffee in blends including French roast and grades appropriate for espresso drinks. Peet's offers freshly roasted beans, brewed coffee and espresso beverages, as well as bottled cold brew. Peet's coffee is sold in over 14,000 grocery stores across the United States.

As of November 2021, the company had 200 stores in the United States.
Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station
The Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station (MGBS), also known as the Imlibun Bus Station (Imlibun means "grove of tamarind trees"), is a bus station on the Musi River in the Imlibun area of southern Hyderabad, India. It is owned by the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TGSRTC) and is India's fifth-largest bus station, covering 20 acres (81,000 m2), behind Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus, Bengaluru's Kempegowda Bus Station, Vijayawada's Pandit Nehru Bus Station and Delhi's Millennium Park Bus Depot.

Telangana State Road Transport Corporation
The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation  (abbreviated as TGSRTC) is a state-owned corporation that runs bus transport services to and from the Indian state of Telangana.  It was formed in 2014 by bifurcating the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Many other Indian metro towns in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are also linked with the TGSRTC services. It serves about 6 million passengers every day, having three zones and services operating through 99 depots.
Haldimand Rifles
The Haldimand Rifles was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, the regiment was Amalgamated with The Dufferin Rifles of Canada to form The Dufferin and Haldimand Rifles of Canada (now the 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA).

Dufferin and Haldimand Rifles of Canada
The Dufferin and Haldimand Rifles of Canada was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia and later the Canadian Army. The regiment was formed in 1936, when The Haldimand Rifles was Amalgamated with The Dufferin Rifles of Canada. In 1946, the regiment was converted from Infantry to Artillery and now forms part of the 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA.
Western Ontario Junior C Hockey League
The Western Ontario Junior C Hockey League was a Junior "C" ice hockey league in Ontario, Canada, sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Association.  The Champion of the Western will compete for the All-Ontario Championship and the Clarence Schmalz Cup.  The WOJCHL merged into the Provincial Junior Hockey League in the Summer of 2016.

Western Junior "C" Hockey League 1966–1970

Central Junior "C" Hockey League 1970–1980

Grey-Bruce Junior "C" Hockey League 1980–1988

Western Ontario Junior "C" Hockey League 1988–2016

Provincial Junior Hockey League
The Provincial Junior Hockey League (PJHL) is a Canadian junior ice hockey league spanning parts of Southern Ontario. The PJHL is the third tier of the Ontario Hockey Association and is sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Federation and Hockey Canada. The league was formed in 2016 with the merging of eight Junior C leagues. PJHL teams compete for the Clarence Schmalz Cup.
Tom Hayden
Thomas Emmet Hayden (December 11, 1939 – October 23, 2016) was an American social and political activist, author, and politician. Hayden was best known for his role as an anti-war, civil rights, and intellectual activist in the 1960s, becoming an influential figure in the rise of the New Left. As a leader of the leftist organization Students for a Democratic Society, he wrote the Port Huron Statement, helped lead protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and stood trial in the resulting "Chicago Seven" case.

In later years, he ran for political office numerous times, winning seats in both the California State Assembly and California State Senate. At the end of his life, he was the director of the Peace and Justice Resource Center in Los Angeles County. He was married to Jane Fonda for 17 years and is the father of actor Troy Garity.

Troy Garity
Troy Garity (born July 7, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Isaac in the Barbershop film series and as Barry Winchell in the television movie Soldier's Girl (2003), where he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film. He also had recurring roles in the series Boss (2011–2012) and Ballers (2015–2019).
Richardson Highway
The Richardson Highway is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska, running 368 miles (562 km) and connecting Valdez to Fairbanks. It is marked as Alaska Route 4 from Valdez to Delta Junction and as Alaska Route 2 from there to Fairbanks. It also connects segments of Alaska Route 1 between the Glenn Highway and the Tok Cut-Off. The Richardson Highway was the first major road built in Alaska.

Alaska Route 2
Alaska Route 2 is a state highway in the central and east-central portions of the U.S. state of Alaska. It runs from Manley Hot Springs to the Canada–United States border, passing through Fairbanks and Delta Junction. Alaska Route 2 includes the entire length of the Alaska Highway in the state, the remainder of the highway being in the Yukon Territory and British Columbia, Canada.
Moon dog
A moon dog (or moondog) or mock moon, also called a paraselene (plural paraselenae or paraselenes) in meteorology, is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that consists of a bright spot to one or both sides of the Moon. They are exactly analogous to sun dogs.

A member of the halo family, moon dogs are caused by the refraction of moonlight by hexagonal-plate-shaped ice crystals in cirrus clouds or cirrostratus clouds. They typically appear as a pair of faint patches of light, at around 22° to the left and right of the Moon, and at the same altitude above the horizon as the Moon. They may also appear alongside 22° halos.

Moon dogs are rarer than sun dogs because the Moon must be bright, about quarter moon or more, for the moon dogs to be observed. Moon dogs show little color to the unaided human eye because their light is not bright enough to activate the eye's cone cells.

22° halo
A 22° halo is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that consists of a halo with an apparent radius of approximately 22° around the Sun or Moon. Around the Sun, it may also be called a sun halo. Around the Moon, it is also known as a moon ring, storm ring, or winter halo. It forms as sunlight or moonlight is refracted by millions of hexagonal ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. Its radius, as viewed from Earth, is roughly the length of an outstretched hand at arm's length.
Nenatcheehunt
Nenatcheehunt (died 30 April 1762), also spelled Nenacheehunt, or Nenatchehan,: 82–83  and sometimes referred to as Menatochyand, was a Lenape chief known for participating in peace negotiations at the end of the French and Indian War. He is referred to as "Delaware George" by both George Croghan and James Kenny. Confusingly, Christian Frederick Post refers to both Nenatcheehunt and Keekyuscung as "Delaware George." It is not always clear which man is being identified, as they often attended the same meetings and events.

Keekyuscung
Keekyuscung (died 6 August 1763) aka Kickyuscung, Kaquehuston, Kikyuskung, Ketiuscund, Kekeuscund, or Ketiushund, was a Delaware (Lenape) chief. In the 1750s he took part in peace negotiations to end Lenape participation in the French and Indian War. In 1754 he briefly engaged in some spying and smuggled some letters into and out of Fort Duquesne for George Washington. He was sympathetic to the British for many years, but in 1763 he and his son Wolf sided with the French after a failed assassination attempt by Colonel Henry Bouquet. He is known for being one of the Native American leaders that attacked Colonel Bouquet's forces at the Battle of Bushy Run, where Keekyuscung was killed.
Victor Vasarely
Victor Vasarely (French: [viktɔʁ vazaʁeli]; born Vásárhelyi Győző, Hungarian: [ˈvaːʃaːrhɛji ˈɟøːzøː]; 9 April 1906 – 15 March 1997) was a Hungarian-French artist, who is widely accepted as a "grandfather" and leader of the Op art movement.

His work titled Zebra, created in 1937, is considered by some to be one of the earliest examples of Op art.

Op art
Op art, short for optical art, is a style of visual art that uses distorted or manipulated geometrical patterns, often to create optical illusions.  It began in the early 20th century, and was especially popular from the 1960s on, the term "Op art" dating to 1964.

Op artworks are normally abstract, with some better-known pieces created in black and white. Typically, they give the viewer the impression of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibrating patterns, or swelling or warping.  In contrast, the much older trompe-l'œil style always represents figurative subjects, which are shown with deceptive three-dimensionality.
Union Bank of Hong Kong
The Union Bank of Hong Kong (Former stock code: SEHK: 349)(Traditional Chinese: 香港友聯銀行) was a bank in Hong Kong. It became the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) (Traditional Chinese: 中國工商銀行 (亞洲)).

The bank was established in Hong Kong in 1964 and was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1973.

In 1984, due to negative rumours, there was a bank run causing a great drop in cash flow from HK$2.1 billion to HK$710 million. This resulted in the resignation of the bank's board of directors.

In 1986, the British Hong Kong Government decided to "administratively" take over the bank. Chinese state-owned China Merchants Group acquired the bank in the same year.

In 2000, the bank was sold to the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the largest bank in China, and it was renamed to Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia).

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia)
The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) (abbreviated as ICBC (Asia), Chinese: 中國工商銀行（亞洲）) is a licensed bank incorporated in Hong Kong. It is a subsidiary of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance
The Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (French: Mouvement des forces démocratiques de Casamance; MFDC) is the main separatist movement in the Casamance region of Senegal.

The modern MFDC was founded in 1982 under the leadership of Father Augustin Diamacoune Senghor to push for the independence of Casamance. It is named after a political organization that was founded during French rule of Senegal in 1949 by Emile Badiane and Ibou Diallo before being integrated into the Senegalese Democratic Bloc in 1954. The MFDC's armed wing was formed in 1985 and is called Atika (Jola for "warrior").

The MFDC has fought against the Government of Senegal in the Casamance conflict. Despite various peace agreements, factional splits within the MFDC have resulted in continued conflict.

Casamance
Casamance is the area of Senegal south of the Gambia, including the Casamance River. It consists of the Lower Casamance (Basse Casamance, Baixa Casamança—i.e. Ziguinchor Region) and the Upper Casamance (Haute Casamance, Alta Casamança—i.e. Kolda and Sédhiou Regions). The largest city of Casamance is Ziguinchor.
Fermionic field
In quantum field theory, a fermionic field is a quantum field whose quanta are fermions; that is, they obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermionic fields obey canonical anticommutation relations rather than the canonical commutation relations of bosonic fields.

The most prominent example of a fermionic field is the Dirac field, which describes fermions with spin-1/2: electrons, protons, quarks, etc. The Dirac field can be described as either a 4-component spinor or as a pair of 2-component Weyl spinors. Spin-1/2 Majorana fermions, such as the hypothetical neutralino, can be described as either a dependent 4-component Majorana spinor or a single 2-component Weyl spinor. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Majorana fermion or a Dirac fermion; observing neutrinoless double-beta decay experimentally would settle this question.

Bosonic field
In quantum field theory, a bosonic field is a quantum field whose quanta are bosons; that is, they obey Bose–Einstein statistics. Bosonic fields obey canonical commutation relations, as distinct from the canonical anticommutation relations obeyed by fermionic fields.

Examples include scalar fields, describing spin-0 particles such as the Higgs boson, and gauge fields, describing spin-1 particles such as the photon.
Trisoxazolinylborate
Tris(oxazolinyl)borate compounds are a class of tridentate ligands; often abbreviated ToR, where R is the substituent on the oxazoline ring. Most commonly the substituent is either a methyl, propyl, tert-butyl or hydrogen. 
The formation of anionic boron backbone with addition of a phenyl group on boron allows the ligand to strongly bind to the metal center. It results in a more robust complex.

Tris(oxazolinyl)borates can be characterised as scorpionate ligands and may be compared to tris(pyrazolyl)borate and trisoxazoline ligands. In bulky pyrazolylborate (Tp) derivatives, isomerization may occur via 1,2-shifts; additionally B–N bond cleavage is a common decomposition pathways for the Tp ligands. The oxazoline-based ligands with B-C linkages avoid these decomposition problems.

Trisoxazolines
Trisoxazolines (Often abbreviated TRISOX or TOX) are a class of tridentate, chiral ligands composed of three oxazoline rings. Despite being neutral they are able to form stable complexes with high oxidation state metals, such as rare earths, due to the chelate effect. The ligands have been investigated for molecular recognition and their complexes are used in asymmetric catalysts and polymerisation.
St. Vincent Medical Center (Los Angeles)
St. Vincent Medical Center (SVMC) is a hospital in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. Started by the Daughters of Charity in 1856, the hospital closed on January 24, 2020, due to the bankruptcy of Verity Health System.

The hospital reopened on April 13, 2020, as the Los Angeles Surge Hospital through a partnership with Los Angeles County, Kaiser Permanente and Dignity Health. The State of California is temporarily leasing the hospital as a treatment center for COVID-19.

Verity Health System
Verity Health System (formerly Daughters of Charity Health System, or DCHS) was a healthcare organization based in Redwood City, California, United States, that operated six hospitals across California with approximately 8,000 associates and physicians.
Anastasija Reiberger
Anastasija Steinbeck, née Ryzhikh (born 19 September 1977 in Omsk) is a Russian-born German pole vaulter. She is the older sister of fellow pole vaulter Lisa Ryzih. Her greatest success was the gold medal in the 1999 World Indoor Championships.

Steinbeck's personal best is 4.63 metres (15.2 feet), achieved in July 2006 in Nürnberg. As of 2016, this ranks her tenth among German pole vaulters.

Lisa Ryzih
Elizaveta Ryzih (born 27 September 1988 in Omsk, Soviet Union) is a German pole vault athlete. Two times an Olympian, she placed 6th in the London and 10th in Rio Olympic Games. She was described by one athletics commentator as a "tall, fast and athletic" pole vaulter, and she has seen good success in European Championships, as well as being a constant presence in the world yearly rankings of pole vaulters, placing among the top 10 vaulters in recent years.

She is the younger sister of fellow pole vaulter Anastasija Reiberger (Nastja Ryjikh). She is coached by her father Vladimir Ryzih.
Light-City Buses
Light-City Buses was an Australian bus service operator in Adelaide. A subsidiary of Broadspectrum, it operated services from October 2011 until June 2018. as part of the Adelaide Metro network under contract to the Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure. In June 2018, the business was purchased by Torrens Transit.

Broadspectrum
Broadspectrum, formerly known as Transfield Services, was an Australian and New Zealand company that provided infrastructure maintenance services. Formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, and later owned by Ferrovial, it was then acquired by Ventia who integrated Broadspectrum alongside Visionstream.
2011 South Ossetian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on 13 November 2011. A referendum was held on the same day. A run-off was held on 27 November, but the result were invalidated by the Supreme Court of South Ossetia, leading to protests. A new election was scheduled for 25 March 2012.

2012 South Ossetian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Ossetia on 25 March 2012, with a second round on 8 April. The election selected the first president since the country gained partial international recognition.
Vernon J. Ehlers Station
The Vernon J. Ehlers Station (also called Grand Rapids station) is an Amtrak train station in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States. It is located on Century Avenue under the Wealthy Street/US Highway 131 overpass, immediately south of The Rapid's Central Station. The station is the eastern terminus of the daily Pere Marquette service. It opened in 2014, replacing a previous station opened in 1984. It is named in honor of former Congressman Vernon J. Ehlers.

Rapid Central Station
Rapid Central Station (also known as the Transit Center) is an intermodal transit station in downtown Grand Rapids, Michigan. It is operated by The Rapid and serves as Grand Rapids' main city bus station as well as a station on the Silver Line bus rapid transit. It is located on Grandville Avenue between Cherry Street and Wealthy Street, and is the BRT's northern terminus. It is just yards north of the city's intercity rail station, the Vernon J. Ehlers Station, on Century Avenue.