hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Torrisholme
Torrisholme is a suburb of Morecambe, Lancashire, on the North West coast of England. In the 2001 census, the Torrisholme Ward had a population of 6,758 living in 3,118 households, decreasing marginally to 6,755 at the 2011 Census.

Torrisholme was referred to as Toredholme in the Domesday Book.

Morecambe
Morecambe (/ˈmɔːrkəm/ MOR-kəm) is a seaside town and civil parish in the City of Lancaster district of Lancashire, England, on Morecambe Bay, part of the Irish Sea. In 2011 the parish had a population of 34,768.
Aldus Corporation
Aldus Corporation was an American software company best known for its pioneering desktop publishing software. PageMaker, the company's most well-known product, ushered in the modern era of desktop computers such as the Macintosh seeing widespread use in the publishing industry. Paul Brainerd, the company's co-founder, coined the term desktop publishing to describe this paradigm. The company also originated the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) file format, widely used in the digital graphics profession.

Aldus was founded by Brainerd (who also served as chairman of the company's board), Jeremy Jaech, Mark Sundstrom, Mike Templeman, and Dave Walter. It was founded in Seattle in 1984 and was acquired by Adobe Systems a decade later.

The company was named after 15th-century Venetian printer Aldus Manutius.

TIFF
Tag Image File Format or Tagged Image File Format, commonly known by the abbreviations TIFF or TIF, is an image file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.
TIFF is widely supported by scanning, faxing, word processing, optical character recognition, image manipulation, desktop publishing, and page-layout applications.

The format was created by Stephen Carlsen, an engineer at Aldus Corporation, for use in desktop publishing. It published the latest version 6.0 in 1992, subsequently updated with an Adobe Systems copyright after the latter acquired Aldus in 1994. Several Aldus or Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format, and several specifications have been based on TIFF 6.0, including TIFF/EP (ISO 12234-2), TIFF/IT (ISO 12639), TIFF-F (RFC 2306) and TIFF-FX (RFC 3949).
Vintage clothing
Vintage clothing is clothing that originates from a previous era. The term vintage clothing can also be applied in reference to second-hand retail outlets, e.g. in "vintage clothing store". While the concept originated during World War I as a response to textile shortages, vintage dressing encompasses choosing accessories, mixing vintage garments with new, as well as creating an ensemble of various styles and periods. Vintage clothes typically sell at low prices for high-end name brands.

Vintage clothing can be found in cities at local boutiques or local charities, or on the internet through digital second-hand shopping websites. Vintage fashion has seen a reemergence in popularity within the 21st century due to increased prevalence of vintage pieces in the media and among celebrities, as well as consumer interests in sustainability and slow fashion.

Vintage design
A vintage design is a design of another era that holds important and recognizable value. Vintage styles can be applied to interior design, decor, clothing and other areas. Vintage design is popular and vintage items have risen in price. Outlets of vintage design have shifted from thrift store to shabby chic stores.
Jog Falls
Jog Falls (also known as Gerusoppa Falls, Joga Jalapata, Jogada Gundi) is a magnificent segmented waterfall on the Sharavati river located in Karnataka state of India, created by the river plunging approximately 253 metres (830 ft) and splitting into four distinct cascades (Raja, Rani, Roarer, Rocket). The water cascade is situated in the Sagar taluk of the Shivamogga district. It features two primary viewpoints: The first one is the front panoramic viewpoint located in the Jog-Kargal Town of Sagara taluk in the Shivamogga district and the second is the British Bungalow viewpoint, located adjacent to the falls in the Siddapur taluk. It is a segmented waterfall which depends on rain and season to become a plunge waterfall. The Jog falls is major attraction for tourists and is ranked 36th in the list of free-falling waterfalls, 490th in the world by list of waterfalls by total height, 128th in the list of single-drop waterfalls in the World by the waterfall database.

Sharavati
Sharāvati is a river which originates and flows entirely within the state of Karnataka in India. It is one of the few westward flowing rivers of India and a major part of the river basin lies in the Western Ghats. The famous Jog Falls, located in Sagar, is formed by this river. The river itself and the regions around it are rich in biodiversity and are home to many rare species of flora and fauna.
Brian Christopher
Brian Christopher Lawler (January 10, 1972 – July 29, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He is best remembered for his career in the World Wrestling Federation (now WWE), where he performed as "Too Sexy" Brian Christopher and Grand Master Sexay. Lawler was a one-time WWF Tag Team Champion as part of Too Cool with Scotty 2 Hotty, and won 44 titles within the United States Wrestling Association, the promotion formerly co-owned by his father, professional wrestler Jerry Lawler.

Jerry Lawler
Jerry O'Neil Lawler (born November 29, 1949), better known as Jerry "the King" Lawler, is an American retired color commentator and professional wrestler signed to WWE under a Legends contract.

Prior to joining the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 1992, he wrestled in numerous territories, winning many championships, including multiple World Heavyweight Championships, throughout his career. Lawler is a one-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion and a three-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion: he unified the titles by defeating Kerry Von Erich at Superclash III, forming the USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship, a championship which he held 28 times. He is also known for his feud with comedian Andy Kaufman, and for portraying himself in the 1999 Jim Carrey film about Kaufman, Man on the Moon.

In 2007, Lawler was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.
SIMPLEC algorithm
The SIMPLEC (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations-Consistent) algorithm; a modified form of SIMPLE algorithm; is a commonly used numerical procedure in the field of computational fluid dynamics to solve the Navier–Stokes equations.

This algorithm was developed by Van Doormal and Raithby in 1984. The algorithm follows the same steps as the SIMPLE algorithm, with the variation that the momentum equations are manipulated, allowing the SIMPLEC velocity correction equations to omit terms that are less significant than those omitted in SIMPLE. This modification attempts to minimize the effects of dropping velocity neighbor correction terms.

SIMPLE algorithm
In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the SIMPLE algorithm is a widely used numerical procedure to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. SIMPLE is an acronym for Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations.

The SIMPLE algorithm was developed by Prof. Brian Spalding and his student Suhas Patankar at Imperial College London in the early 1970s. Since then it has been extensively used by many researchers to solve different kinds of fluid flow and heat transfer problems.

Many popular books on computational fluid dynamics discuss the SIMPLE algorithm in detail. 
A modified variant is the SIMPLER algorithm (SIMPLE Revised), that was introduced by Patankar in 1979.
American League Central
The American League Central is one of Major League Baseball's six divisions. This division was formed in the realignment of 1994 by moving three teams from the American League West and two teams from the American League East. Its teams are all located in the Midwestern United States. Along with the National League East, the AL Central is one of two divisions in the Major Leagues in which all of its members have won a World Series title. In fact, each team has captured at least two World Series championships. The Kansas City Royals were the most recent team from the division to win the World Series.

American League East
The American League East is one of Major League Baseball's six divisions. MLB consists of an East, Central, and West division for each of its two 15-team leagues, the American League (AL) and National League (NL). This division was created before the start of the 1969 season along with the American League West. Before that time, each league consisted of 10 teams without any divisions.

Four of the division's five teams are located in the Eastern United States, with the other team, the Toronto Blue Jays, in Eastern Canada. It is currently the only division that contains a non-American team. At the end of the Major League Baseball season, the team with the best record in the division earns one of the AL's six playoff spots.
Chemins de fer de Provence
The Chemins de Fer de Provence (French pronunciation: [ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də pʁɔvɑ̃s]) is a small rail company providing a daily train service between Nice and Digne-les-Bains in Provence. Their single remaining route, which dates from the 1890s and known locally as the Train des Pignes, is a metre-gauge railway, mostly single-track with passing loops at some stations. Between Pont-de-Gueydan and Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée the line runs through the valley of the Var. Most stops are upon request only and some do not have a built platform.

Nice CP station
Nice CP station (French: Gare de Nice CP) is a small French railway station in Nice, France. It is the terminus of the Train des Pignes line, a metre-gauge railway which runs from Digne-les-Bains station to Nice and is operated by Chemins de Fer de Provence. The station was opened in December 1991, replacing the old Gare du Sud station which had been built in 1890. The old station was sold to the council because it was in a poor state of repair and the council had redevelopment plans for the area, making repairs to the station not financially worthwhile.

The new station was built a few hundred metres up the line to allow Nice city council to redevelop the old station site into a retail, catering and leisure complex. The new station was built in a modernist style which contrasts with that of every other station on the route. It is served by the Nice tramway and city bus. The city's main railway station, Nice-Ville station, is a 10–15 minute walk away.
Jacinto City, Texas
Jacinto City is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, east of the intersection of Interstate 10 and the East Loop of Interstate 610.  Jacinto City is part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is bordered by the cities of Houston and Galena Park. The population was 9,613 at the 2020 census.

Galena Park, Texas
Galena Park is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 10,740 at the 2020 census. The population is predominantly Hispanic.
Mirta Plá
Mirta Esteny Plá Cabal (1940 – September 23, 2003) was a Cuban dancer, teacher of ballet, and ballet master. Along with Loipa Araújo, Aurora Bosch, and Josefina Méndez, she is regarded as one of the "four jewels of Cuban ballet". She was a principal artist with the Cuban National Ballet (Ballet Nacional de Cuba; BNC).

Aurora Bosch
Aurora de los Ángeles Bosch Fernández (born December 10, 1942) is a Cuban dancer and teacher of ballet. Along with Loipa Araújo, Josefina Méndez, and Mirta Plá, she is regarded as one of the "four jewels of Cuban ballet". She was a principal artist with the Cuban National Ballet (Ballet Nacional de Cuba; BNC).
Henderson Gleaner
The Henderson Gleaner (also known as The Gleaner) is the daily newspaper in Henderson, Kentucky. The newspaper is published Tuesday through Sunday mornings. It has not been published on Mondays since it was founded in the 1880s.

The Gleaner was locally owned for more than a century, but was purchased by A. H. Belo in March 1997, before being acquired by the E. W. Scripps Company on October 31, 2000, becoming part of the Evansville Courier & Press. Scripps later divested their newspaper holdings, and on April 1, 2015, the Journal Media Group took over as owners of the paper. In April 2016, Gannett acquired Journal Media Group, including The Gleaner.

Henderson, Kentucky
Henderson is a home rule-class city along the Ohio River and the county seat of Henderson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 29,781 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is part of the Evansville–Henderson, Indiana–Kentucky Combined Statistical Area, locally known as the "Tri-State Area," and is considered the southernmost suburb of Evansville, Indiana.
Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford
Nicholas Herbert Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford, CH, FRS, FBA, FAcSS (born 22 April 1946), is a British economist, banker, and academic. He is the IG Patel Professor of Economics and Government and Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics (LSE), and 2010 Professor of Collège de France. He was President of the British Academy from 2013 to 2017, and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 2014.

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
Incus
The incus (pl.: incudes) or anvil in the ear is one of three small bones (ossicles) in the middle ear. The incus receives vibrations from the malleus, to which it is connected laterally, and transmits these to the stapes medially. The incus is named for its resemblance to an anvil (Latin: incus).

Stapes
The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other tetrapods which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear. This bone is connected to the oval window by its annular ligament, which allows the footplate (or base) to transmit sound energy through the oval window into the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body, and is so-called because of its resemblance to a stirrup (Latin: Stapes).
Reverse pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target thought to be disease modifying will have beneficial therapeutic effects.  Screening of chemical libraries of small molecules is then used to identify compounds that bind with high affinity to the target.  The hits from these screens are then used as starting points for drug discovery.  This method became popular after the sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins.  This method is the most widely used in drug discovery today. Differently than the classical (forward) pharmacology, with the reverse pharmacology approach in vivo efficacy of identified active (lead) compounds is usually performed in the final drug discovery stages.

Classical pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, classical pharmacology, also known as forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), relies on phenotypic screening (screening in intact cells or whole organisms) of chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect. Using the techniques of medicinal chemistry, the potency, selectivity, and other properties of these screening hits are optimized to produce candidate drugs.
Carol Fox (figure skater)
Carol Jean Fox (born July 11, 1956, in Ypsilanti, Michigan) is an American figure skater. She competed in ice dance with Richard Dalley at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
Prior to ice dancing, Carol and her partner Richard Dalley were competitive roller figure skaters and competed out of the Riverside Skating Club in Livonia, Michigan..

Richard Dalley
Richard John Dalley (born August 2, 1957) is an American former competitive ice dancer.

Born in Detroit, Michigan, he competed in ice dance with Carol Fox at the 1984 Winter Olympics. The dance team is probably the most decorated team never to have won the US Championships.
Richard and his partner Carol Fox were competitive roller figure skaters prior to changing to ice skating. They competed out of the Riverside Skating Club in Livonia, Michigan.
WebP
WebP (/ˈwɛpi/ WEP-ee) is a raster graphics file format developed by Google and intended as a replacement for the JPEG, PNG, and GIF file formats on the web. It supports image compression (both lossy and lossless), as well as animation and alpha compositing. The sister project for video is called WebM.

Google announced the WebP format in September 2010; the company released the first stable version of its supporting library in April 2018. WebP has seen widespread adoption across the Internet in order to reduce image size, with all major browsers currently supporting the format.

WebM
WebM (from "Web Movie") is an audiovisual media file format. It is primarily intended to offer a royalty-free alternative to use in HTML video and HTML audio elements. It has a sister project for images: WebP. The development of the format is sponsored by Google, and the corresponding software is distributed under a BSD license. WebM was a collaborative effort first released in 2010.

The WebM container is based on a profile of Matroska. WebM initially supported VP8 video and Vorbis audio streams. In 2013, it was updated to accommodate VP9 video and Opus audio. It also supports the AV1 codec.
Dentistry in the United Kingdom
Dentists in the UK may undertake work under the National Health Service or privately. They may opt for either of these alternatives, or both. A small number of dentists are employed by the NHS but the vast majority are in private practice. UK dentists are regulated by the General Dental Council  and the Care Quality Commission.

NHS dentistry
Dentistry provided by the National Health Service in the United Kingdom is supposed to ensure that dental treatment is available to the whole population.  Most dentistry is provided by private practitioners, most of whom also provide, on a commercial basis, services which the NHS does not provide, largely cosmetic. Most adult patients have to pay some NHS charges, although these are often significantly cheaper than the cost of private dentistry. The majority of people choose NHS dental care rather than private care: as of 2005, the national average proportion of people forced to use private care was 23%. NHS dentistry is not always available and is not managed in the way that other NHS services are managed.
Georgia Hardstark
Georgia Hardstark (born June 8, 1980) is an American television host and podcast personality. She is the co-host of the true crime-comedy podcast My Favorite Murder along with comedian Karen Kilgariff. In 2018, Hardstark and Kilgariff co-founded the Exactly Right Podcast Network. Together, Hardstark and Kilgariff also wrote a joint memoir published in May 2019 called Stay Sexy and Don't Get Murdered.

Hardstark initially achieved notoriety while collaborating with Alie Ward on Cooking Channel programs Tripping Out with Alie & Georgia, Unique Sweets, and Classy Ladies, as well as the Feral Audio podcast Slumber Party with Alie & Georgia.

Karen Kilgariff
Karen Kilgariff (born May 11, 1970, in Petaluma, California) is an American writer, comedian, singer, author, actress, television producer, and podcast host. She began her career as a stand-up comedian in the early 1990s and later became a television actress, most notably as a cast member on Mr. Show. She has written for many comedy television shows, including being the head writer on The Rosie Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show and The Pete Holmes Show.

Since 2016, she has co-hosted the true crime comedy podcast My Favorite Murder along with Georgia Hardstark. In 2018, she and Hardstark co-founded the podcast network Exactly Right. Along with Hardstark, Kilgariff wrote the non-fiction book Stay Sexy and Don't Get Murdered, which was released on May 28, 2019.
Invisible Oranges
Invisible Oranges is an American online music magazine dedicated to heavy metal news, band interviews and album reviews. It was founded by Cosmo Lee in September 2006 shortly after emigrating from San Francisco, California, United States to Berlin, Germany.

Invisible Oranges was acquired by American news company BrooklynVegan in January 2013, shifting its headquarters to Brooklyn, New York. In July 2015, BrooklynVegan and its subsidiaries became affiliates of American mass media conglomerate Townsquare Media. In January 2021, BrooklynVegan and Invisible Oranges were bought out by American digital media brand and e-commerce company Project M Group.

BrooklynVegan
BrooklynVegan is an American online music magazine founded in 2004 by David Levine. The company is headquartered in Brooklyn, New York, and originally focused on vegan food and the music community in and around New York City, before broadening its scope to covering musical artists and events worldwide. Since 2011, BrooklynVegan operates two subsidiaries dedicated to other cities: BV Chicago, which serves Chicago, Illinois; and BV Austin, which serves Austin, Texas.

In 2013, BrooklynVegan acquired German-American webzine Invisible Oranges, moving its headquarters to the United States. In 2015, BrooklynVegan and its subsidiaries became affiliates of Townsquare Media. In 2021, BrooklynVegan and its subsidiaries were bought out by Project M Group.
Don Mills Centre
The Don Mills Centre was a shopping mall in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was located on a 44-acre (17.8 ha) commercial site, at the southwest corner of Don Mills Road and Lawrence Avenue East in Toronto. There were at least 98 stores during the height of the mall's existence. The majority of the mall was closed and demolished in summer 2006 for redevelopment as the Shops at Don Mills.

Shops at Don Mills
The Shops at Don Mills (corporately known as CF Shops at Don Mills) is a lifestyle centre-type shopping centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located at Don Mills Road and Lawrence Avenue East. There are 72 retail stores with a total floor space of 47,550 square metres (or 511,824 square feet). Cadillac Fairview is the owner and manager of the shopping centre.
Mahanaga, Prince of Ruhuna
Mahanaga was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the Kingdom of Ruhuna in the southern region of the island. He is the founder of the Ruhuna. The Kingdom of Ruhuna was in some periods a client state loyal to the King of Anuradhapura and in some periods a country independent of it.

Principality of Ruhuna
The Principality of Ruhuna (Sinhala: රුහුණ, [ruɦuɳə]), also referred to as the Kingdom of Ruhuna, is a region of present-day Southern and Eastern Sri Lanka. It was the centre of a flourishing civilisation and the cultural and economic centres of ancient Sri Lanka. Magama, Tissamaharama and Mahanagakula (now called as Ambalantota) were established here.

The kingdom of Ruhuna was an important state in Sinhalese history as it was known for several rebellions against the superior states in Rajarata. The principality was defeated with its last de facto Queen Sugala been captured and executed by the invading army of Parakramabahu I. Following its annexing by Parakramabahu, the rebellions that arose were suppressed.