hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhammad's first revelation
In Islam, the exact date of Muhammad's first revelation is disputed, but it is generally believed by Muslims to have occurred in 610. According to Islam, during this time, Muhammad sought solitude after repeatedly experiencing an angel of light in which he was told of his upcoming responsibility as a messenger of God, prompting him to retreat to Jabal al-Nour near Mecca, where, while isolating at the Cave of Hira, he was visited by the angel Gabriel, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would become known as the Quran. Thus, at the age of 40, Muhammad's religious career as the "Seal of the Prophets" had begun.

Jabal al-Nour
Jabal al-Nour (Arabic: جَبَل ٱلنُّوْر, romanized: Jabal an-Nūr, lit. 'Mountain of the Light' or 'Hill of the Illumination') is a mountain near Mecca in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. The mountain houses the grotto or cave of Hira (Arabic: غَار حِرَاء, romanized: Ghar-i-Hira, lit. 'Cave of Hira'), which holds tremendous significance for Muslims throughout the world, as it is here where the Islamic prophet Muhammad received his first revelation of the Quran, which consisted of the first five ayat of Surah Al-Alaq from the angel Jibra'il. It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Mecca. The mountain itself is barely 640 m (2,100 ft) tall; nonetheless one to two hours are needed to make the strenuous hike to the cave. There are 1750 steps to the top which can take anywhere between half an hour and three hours.
Lanczos approximation
In mathematics, the Lanczos approximation is a method for computing the gamma function numerically, published by Cornelius Lanczos in 1964. It is a practical alternative to the more popular Stirling's approximation for calculating the gamma function with fixed precision.

Cornelius Lanczos
Cornelius (Cornel) Lanczos (Hungarian: Lánczos Kornél, pronounced [ˈlaːnt͡soʃ ˈkorneːl]; born as Kornél Lőwy, until 1906: Löwy (Lőwy) Kornél; February 2, 1893 – June 25, 1974) was a Hungarian, American, and later Irish mathematician and physicist. According to György Marx he was one of the Martians, a group of Hungarian scientific luminaries who immigrated to the United States to escape national socialism. He was remembered by his colleagues as an innovative scholar and an excellent educator.
University City, Philadelphia
University City is the easternmost portion of West Philadelphia, encompassing several Philadelphia universities.  It is situated directly across the Schuylkill River from Center City.

The University of Pennsylvania was instrumental in coining the name University City as part of a 1950s urban renewal and gentrification effort.  University City is also home to Drexel University and the University City campus of Saint Joseph's University.

The eastern side of University City contains the Penn and Drexel campuses, several medical institutions, independent centers of scientific research, 30th Street Station, one of the nation's busiest passenger train stations, Cira Centre, and Cira Centre South. The western side contains Victorian and early 20th-century housing stock and is primarily residential.

Cira Centre
The Cira Centre is a 29-story, 437-foot (133 m) office high-rise in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia, directly connected to Amtrak's 30th Street Station. Developed by Brandywine Realty Trust and designed by César Pelli, it was built in 2004-05 on a platform over rail tracks.

The building, a silver glass curtain wall skyscraper with 731,852 square feet (68,000 m2) of floor space, includes retail and restaurant space, a conference room, a nine-story parking garage and a pedestrian bridge that links the lobby with 30th Street Station. The building's lighting, designed by Cline Bettridge Bernstein Lighting Design, includes a wall of LEDs on most of its facade that can change color to create various patterns and effects.
Iglesia ni Cristo chapel, F. Manalo-San Juan
The Iglesia Ni Cristo Locale of F. Manalo-San Juan (Filipino: Lokal ng F. Manalo-San Juan), formerly Locale of Riverside (Filipino: Lokal ng Riverside) is a chapel and former central office complex of the Philippine-based Christian sect, Iglesia ni Cristo. Located in Barangay Santa Lucia, San Juan, it was completed in 1952, and it is the former central office complex and main house of worship of the church. The art-deco ensembles were designed by the national artist of architecture Juan Nakpil, who also built some of the standalone theaters in Rizal Avenue, UP Diliman Campus buildings and Quiapo Church.

Juan Nakpil
Juan Felipe de Jesús Nakpil, KGCR, KSS (born Juan Felipe Nakpil y de Jesús; May 26, 1899 – May 7, 1986) known as Juan Nakpil, was a Filipino architect, teacher and a community leader. In 1973, he was named one of the National Artists for architecture. He was regarded as the Dean of Filipino Architects.
Ivan Vakarchuk
Ivan Oleksandrovych Vakarchuk (Ukrainian: Іван Олександрович Вакарчук; 6 March 1947 – 4 April 2020) was a Ukrainian and Soviet physicist, academic leader, and politician, who contributed to science policy and civil society. From 1990 to 2007 and again between 2010 and 2013 he was rector of the Lviv University. In 2007–2010 he was Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine. He received the Hero of Ukraine award on 5 March 2007. He was father of the leader of the rock band Okean Elzy Svyatoslav Vakarchuk.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Kumily
Kumily, also spelt as Kumaly (Malayalam: [kumɐɭi]) is a revenue village and Gram Panchayat in the Idukki district of the state of Kerala. It is a town in Cardamom Hills near Thekkady and Periyar Tiger Reserve and a well frequented tourist destination. Kumily is a border town of Kerala adjacent to Tamil Nadu.

Thekkady
Thekkady (Malayalam: [t̪eːkːɐɖi]) in Idukki district is a town near Periyar National Park, an important tourist attraction in the Kerala state of India. The name Thekkady is derived from the word "thekku" which means teak and "adi" meaning bottom. Temperatures are lowest in the months of December–January and highest in the months of April–May.
Kurla
Kurla (Pronunciation: [kuɾlaː]) is a suburb of East Mumbai, India. It is the headquarters of the Kurla taluka of Mumbai Suburban district. The neighbourhood is named after the eponymous East Indian village that it grew out of. It falls under Zone 5, Ward 'L' of the Bombay Municipal Corporation. Its railway station, spelt as Coorla until 1890, is one of the busiest on the Mumbai suburban railway on the central and harbour railway lines of Mumbai as is the Lokmanya Tilak Terminus (LTT) for out-station passenger/express trains.

Kurla railway station
Kurla (formerly Coorla, station code: C) is a railway station on the Central and Harbour lines of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is among the oldest railway stations in India, it being part of the original 21 mile (33.8 km) Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR) section between Bombay (Mumbai) and Tannah (Thane) that opened in 1853.
Kwun Tong Bypass
The Kwun Tong Bypass (also spelt Kwun Tong By-pass) is an elevated expressway between Lam Tin and Kowloon Bay in Kwun Tong District, Kowloon East, Hong Kong, with three lanes in each direction and a posted speed limit of 70–80 kilometres per hour (43–50 mph). It is part of Route 2 and has links to Route 5 and Route 7. It bypasses the industrial township of Kwun Tong and passes next to the boundary of the Kai Tak Airport.

Constructed mainly along the seaward frontage of Kwun Tong Business Area, the 5.2-kilometre (3.2 mi) bypass was built to alleviate traffic congestion on Kwun Tong Road of Route 7, to which it is parallel. It bridges Eastern Harbour Crossing (Route 2) and Tseung Kwan O Tunnel (Route 7) at its southeastern end with Tate's Cairn Tunnel (Route 2) and Kai Tak Tunnel (Route 5) at its northwestern end, providing a fast connection across eastern New Kowloon.

Eastern Harbour Crossing
The Eastern Harbour Crossing (Chinese: 東區海底隧道), abbreviated as "EHC" (Chinese: 東隧) is a combined road-rail tunnel that crosses beneath Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong. Opened on 21 September 1989, it is the second harbour-crossing tunnel built and the longest amongst the three. It connects Quarry Bay on Hong Kong Island and Cha Kwo Ling in Kowloon East.
Benjamin Forsyth
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Forsyth (c. 1760 – June 28, 1814) served as a United States Army officer during the War of 1812. Born in North Carolina, Forsyth joined the United States Army in 1800 as an officer and was a captain of the Regiment of Riflemen at the outbreak of war in 1812. He led raids into Upper Canada along the Saint Lawrence River in 1812–13 before transferring south and taking part in the battles of York and Fort George. Brevetted to lieutenant-colonel, he held command along Lake Champlain. He was mortally wounded at Odell Town, Lower Canada, in 1814.

Battle of Fort George
43°15′03″N 79°03′40″W﻿ / ﻿43.250752°N 79.061111°W﻿ / 43.250752; -79.061111

The Battle of Fort George was fought during the War of 1812, in which the Americans defeated a British force and captured Fort George in Upper Canada. The troops of the United States Army and vessels of the United States Navy cooperated in a very successful amphibious assault, although most of the opposing British force escaped encirclement.
Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
The Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor also known as pVHL is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the VHL gene.  Mutations of the VHL gene are associated with Von Hippel–Lindau disease, which is characterized by hemangioblastomas of the brain, spinal cord and retina. It is also associated with kidney and pancreatic lesions.

Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL), also known as Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder with multisystem involvement. It is characterized by polycystic disease and benign tumors with potential for subsequent malignant transformation. It is a type of phakomatosis that results from a mutation in the Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p25.3.
Orontes River
The Orontes (/ɔːˈrɒntiːz/; from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης, Oróntēs) or Nahr al-ʿĀṣī, or simply Asi (Arabic: العاصي, romanized: al-‘Āṣī, IPA: [alˈʕaːsˤiː]; Turkish: Asi) is a 571 kilometres (355 mi) long river in West Asia that begins in Lebanon, flowing northwards through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Hatay Province, Turkey.

As the chief river of the northern Levant, the Orontes has been the site of many major battles including the Battle of Kadesh (13th century BCE), and water distribution remains a controversial issue between the countries in the region. Among the most important cities on the river are Homs, Hama, Jisr al-Shughur, and Antakya (the ancient Antioch, which was also known as "Antioch on the Orontes").

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Sa'id ibn Jubayr
Sa‘īd ibn Jubayr (665–714) (Arabic: سعيد بن جبير), also known as Abū ‘Abd Allāh, was originally from Kufa, in modern-day Iraq. He was regarded as one of the leading members of the Tabi'in (d. ca. 712). Sa'īd is held in the highest esteem by scholars of the Sunni Islamic tradition and was considered one of the leading jurists of the time. He also narrated several hadith from Ibn Abbas.

Kufa
Kufa (Arabic: الْكُوفَة "al-Kūfah"), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000.

Along with Najaf, Karbala, Mashhad, Samarra, Kadhimiya and Qom, Kufa is one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam. The city was founded in 638 CE (17 Hijrah) during the reign of the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, and it was the final capital of the last Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Kufa was also the founding capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. During the Islamic Golden Age it was home to the grammarians of Kufa. Kufic script is named for the city.

The Palestinian keffiyeh, also known as kufiya and worn by Arab men, originated from Kufa, and is worn today to convey diverse political sentiments. Due to heightened global consumer demand, most keffiyehs are now manufactured in China.
On a Pale Horse
On a Pale Horse is a fantasy novel by Piers Anthony, first published in 1983. It is the first of eight books in the Incarnations of Immortality series. The book focuses on Zane, a photographer about to commit suicide who instead kills Death and must assume his office. The book spawned a five-issue comic series, released by Innovation Publishing from 1991 to 1993, but Innovation went out of business before releasing the sixth and final issue. It was also the inspiration for the television series, Dead Like Me, which worked on the premise that there are multiple Grim Reapers working the planet.

Incarnations of Immortality
Incarnations of Immortality is an eight-book fantasy series by Piers Anthony. The books each focus on one of eight supernatural "offices" (Death, Time, Fate, War, Nature, Evil, Good, and Night) in a fictional reality and history parallel to ours, with the exception that society has advanced both magic and modern technology. The series covers the adventures and struggles of a group of humans called "Incarnations", who hold these supernatural positions for a certain time.

The title alludes to William Wordsworth's 1804 poem "Ode: Intimations of Immortality".
The Hospital Research Foundation
The Hospital Research Foundation, founded in 1965, is an Australian non-governmental organisation established to support the leading medical and health research conducted at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research to improve the health of the South Australian community.

The foundation supports medical research through major program grants, research grants, the purchase of laboratory equipment, and by providing financial support and scholarships to postgraduate, honours and vacation research students.

Major areas of revenue to support medical research are:

Donations

Lotteries

Fund-raising events

Bequests

The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide
The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (TQEH) is an acute care district general hospital in the western suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. It is a teaching hospital of University of Adelaide, providing a range of health services, including inpatient, outpatient, surgical, emergency treatment, and mental health services.
Icelandic Men's Basketball Supercup
The Icelandic Men's Basketball Supercup (Icelandic: Meistarakeppni karla) is a professional basketball super cup competition that opposes the latest winners of the Úrvalsdeild – the top-tier Icelandic national men's domestic league – and the winners of the Icelandic Basketball Cup, the top-tier national men's cup competition in Iceland. Created in 1995, it is organised by the Icelandic Basketball Federation – who run the Úrvalsdeild and the Icelandic Cup, and it traditionally opens the season.

Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup
The Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup (Icelandic: Bikarkeppni KKÍ), also known as VÍS bikarinn for sponsorship reasons, is an annual professional basketball competition between clubs in Iceland. It is Iceland's first-tier cup competition, and is not to be confused with Iceland's former second-tier cup competition, the Company Cup.
Acacia
Acacia, commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about 1,084 species of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Australasia, but is now reserved for species mainly from Australia, with others from New Guinea, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean.

The genus name is Neo-Latin, borrowed from Koine Greek ἀκακία (akakia), a term used in antiquity to describe a preparation extracted from Vachellia nilotica, the original type species. Several species of Acacia have been introduced to various parts of the world, and two million hectares of commercial plantations have been established.

Mimosoideae
The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates.  They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petals that are twice divided (valvate) in bud and with numerous showy, prominent stamens.

Recent work on phylogenetic relationships has found that the Mimosoideae form a clade nested with subfamily Caesalpinioideae and the most recent classification by The Legume Phylogeny Working Group refer to them as the Mimosoid clade within subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The group includes about 40 genera and 2,500 species.
Milton Mouse
Milton Mouse is an animated character created at Fables Studios for Paul Terry's cartoon series Aesop's Fables (later Aesop's Sound Fables). The character was introduced in 1921, and appeared in dozens of cartoon shorts through 1931. Milton often appeared alongside a girlfriend mouse, usually named Rita.

In 1929, animator John Foster redesigned Milton and Rita to look more like Mickey and Minnie Mouse, who had become very popular following the 1928 release of the Walt Disney cartoon Steamboat Willie.

Milton's new, Mickey-inspired design debuted in the cartoon A Close Call, released in 1929. Further cartoons released in 1930 included Western Whoopee, Circus Capers and The Office Boy. A lawsuit filed by Walt Disney in 1931 claiming copyright infringement put a stop to Milton's appearances.

Western Whoopee
Western Whoopee is a 1930 animated short film directed by John Foster and Harry Bailey. It is part of the early cartoon series Aesop's Sound Fables. It was produced by The Van Beuren Corporation and released by the film company Pathé Exchange. It, like other Sound Fables at that time, features Milton Mouse and Rita, who resemble Mickey and Minnie Mouse to such an extent that Disney sued Van Beuren for the resemblance.

The film's sound was recorded on the RCA Photophone System, a company whose sound systems were used by Pathé during these time frame.

Copyrighted on April 10, 1930, and released three days later on the 13th, the short was reviewed by several movie review magazines at that time, and received positive reviews.
Walls of Amsterdam
The walls of Amsterdam (Dutch: Vestingwerken van Amsterdam) were built in the Middle Ages to protect the city against attack. The Medieval walls were replaced with a series of bastions in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the walls were torn down and replaced with the Defence Line of Amsterdam (Dutch: Stelling van Amsterdam), a fortification line which encircled Amsterdam at a distance from the city.

Remains of the medieval and 17th-century defenses include the former city gates Waag and Munttoren, as well as the defensive tower Schreierstoren and the watchtower Montelbaanstoren.

Schreierstoren
The Schreierstoren (English incorrectly translated as: Weeper's Tower or Tower of Tears), originally part of the medieval city wall of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, was built in the 15th century. It is located at the Prins Hendrikkade 94 in the city center of Amsterdam. It was the location from which Henry Hudson set sail on his journey to Northern America. This expedition would lead to the discovery of the modern New York metropolitan area, which laid the foundation for Dutch colonization of the region. It was built as a defense tower in 1487. It is currently a café and nautical bookstore.
Drownings at Nantes
The drownings at Nantes (French: noyades de Nantes) were a series of mass executions by drowning during the Reign of Terror in Nantes, France, that occurred between November 1793 and February 1794. During this period, anyone arrested and jailed for not consistently supporting the Revolution, or suspected of being a royalist sympathizer, especially Catholic priests and nuns, was cast into the river Loire and drowned on the orders of Jean-Baptiste Carrier, the representative-on-mission in Nantes. Before the drownings ceased, as many as four thousand or more people, including innocent families with women and children, died in what Carrier himself called "the national bathtub".

Republican marriage
Republican marriage (French: mariage républicain) was a method of execution that allegedly occurred in Nantes during the Reign of Terror in Revolutionary France and "involved tying a naked man and woman together and drowning them". This was reported to have been practised during the drownings at Nantes (noyades) that were ordered by local Jacobin representative-on-mission Jean-Baptiste Carrier between November 1793 and January 1794 in the city of Nantes. Most accounts indicate that the victims were drowned in the river Loire, although a few sources describe an alternative means of execution in which the bound couple is run through with a sword, either before, or instead of drowning.

The earliest reports of such "marriages" date from 1794, when Carrier was tried for his crimes, and they were soon cited by contemporary counter-revolutionary authors such as Louis-Marie Prudhomme and Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald.
Monumental (album)
Monumental is a collaborative studio album by American rapper and record producer Pete Rock and hip hop duo Smif-N-Wessun. It was released on June 28, 2011, through Duck Down Music. The recording sessions took place at DaMan Studios in New York. The album was produced by Pete Rock, who also served as executive producer together with Steele and Tek. It features guest appearances from Black Rob, Buckshot, Bun B, Freeway, Heltah Skeltah, Hurricane G, Jahdan Blakkamoore, Memphis Bleek, Raekwon, Styles P, Top Dog, and Tyler Woods. The album peaked at number 110 on the Billboard 200 and number 24 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Smif-N-Wessun
Smif-N-Wessun, also known as Cocoa Brovaz and Tek-N-Steele, is an American hip hop duo from Brooklyn, New York City. It is composed of rappers Tekomin "Tek" Williams (born June 3, 1973) from Bedford–Stuyvesant and Darrell "Steele" Yates (born December 18, 1972) from Brownsville. The duo comprise one quarter of supergroup Boot Camp Clik, together with Buckshot, Heltah Skeltah and Originoo Gunn Clappaz. Both members are known for their Jamaican Patois during their raps, which was more evident during the earlier stages of their career.