hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bosnian Crusade
The Bosnian Crusade was fought against unspecified heretics from 1235 to 1241 and was essentially a Hungarian war of conquest against the Banate of Bosnia that was sanctioned as a crusade. Led by a Hungarian prince, Coloman, the crusaders succeeded in conquering only peripheral parts of the country. They were followed by Dominicans, who erected a cathedral and put some heretics to death by burning.

The crusade came to an abrupt end when Hungary itself was invaded by the Mongols during the Mongol invasion of Europe. The crusaders were forced to withdraw and to engage their own invaders, with most of them perishing including Coloman. Later Popes called for more crusades against Bosnia, but none ever took place. The failed crusade led to mistrust and hatred for Hungarians among the Bosnians that lasted for centuries.

Banate of Bosnia
The Banate of Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Banovina Bosna / Бановина Босна), or Bosnian Banate (Bosanska banovina / Босанска бановина), was a medieval state located in what is today Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although Hungarian kings viewed Bosnia as part of Hungarian Crown Lands, the Banate of Bosnia was a de facto independent state for most of its existence. It was founded in the mid-12th century and existed until 1377 with interruptions under the Šubić family between 1299 and 1324. In 1377, it was elevated to a kingdom. The greater part of its history was marked by a religiopolitical controversy revolving around the native Christian Bosnian Church condemned as heretical by the dominant Chalcedonian Christian churches, namely the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, with the Catholic Church being particularly antagonistic and persecuting its members through the Hungarians.
V-hull
The V-hull is a type of vehicle armor design used on wheeled armored personnel carriers (APCs), infantry mobility vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) and MRAPs. The design originated in the 1970s with vehicles such as the Casspir used extensively during the South African Border War,  Leopard security vehicle used in the Rhodesian Bush War and South African armored vehicle company Land Systems OMCs and Buffels.

Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle
Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle (MRAPV), also known as MRAP vehicle, is a type of armoured personnel carrier that is designed specifically to withstand the impact of land mines, improvised explosive device (IED) attacks, and ambushes to save troops' lives. Most modern infantry mobility vehicles also have a certain level of MRAP capabilities.
Little Staughton
Little Staughton is a small village and civil parish located in the north of Bedfordshire. The parish church, All Saints, is set apart from the present village – the previous village having been abandoned following an outbreak of the Bubonic plague.

Church of All Saints, Little Staughton
Church of All Saints is a  Grade I listed church in Little Staughton, Bedfordshire, England. Originally known as the Church of St Margaret, it was largely built in the 15th century, with some earlier features. Much of the detail and many of the furnishings were destroyed during the reformation. The spire was damaged by lightning in 1900, and restored in 1910. The church became a listed building in 1964.
2013 AFC U-19 Women's Championship
The AFC U-19 Women's Championship 2013 is the seventh edition of the AFC U-19 Women's Championship. It was played from 11 to 20 October 2013. The top three teams (South Korea, North Korea, and China PR) qualified for the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

China women's national under-20 football team
The China women's national under-20 football team represents the People's Republic of China in international football competitions in the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup, as well as any other under-20 women's international football tournaments. It is governed by the Chinese Football Association.
Luz Station
Luz Station (Portuguese: Estação da Luz, IPA: [(i)staˈsɐ̃w dɐ ˈlus]) is a commuter rail and intercity rail station in the Bom Retiro district of São Paulo, Brazil, serving RFFSA, the intercity rail network of Brazil, CPTM Line 7-Ruby, Line 11-Coral and Line 13–Jade (Airport-Express). It has subway connections to São Paulo Metro Line 1-Blue and ViaQuatro Line 4-Yellow via its underground metro station of the same name.

It is currently located in Bairro da Luz and was built between 1895 and 1901, designed by the British architect Charles Henry Driver for the São Paulo Railway, a company based in London that was responsible for building the first railway line in the state of São Paulo, connecting the port of Santos to the city of Jundiaí.

The station houses the Museum of the Portuguese Language, established in 2006.  The Luz Metro station is also located within the complex.

Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
The Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) (lit. 'São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company') is one of the rapid transit companies serving the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metro, ViaQuatro and ViaMobilidade, all four forming the largest metropolitan rail transport network of Latin America. It was created on 28 May 1992, from several railroads that already existed in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.

Part of the Greater São Paulo rail system, the CPTM currently operates 57 stations in five lines, with a total length of 199 kilometres (124 mi). The system carries about 2 million passengers a day. On 7 December 2018, CPTM set a weekday ridership record with 3,221,035 trips.
Irwin Untermyer
Irwin Untermyer (February 2, 1886 – October 18, 1973) was an American attorney, jurist, and civic leader most notable for his work in New York City. He was the son of Samuel Untermyer, another notable New York attorney who is best remembered for his opposition to Adolf Hitler and for creating Untermyer Park and Gardens, "America's Greatest Forgotten Garden" in Yonkers, New York. Irwin was also the father of Samuel Untermyer II, a notable nuclear scientist.

Samuel Untermyer II
Samuel Untermyer II, (25 November 1912 – 26 January 2001) was an American nuclear scientist. He was the son of notable New York City jurist Irwin Untermyer and grandson of attorney Samuel Untermyer.

Samuel Untermyer II theorized that steam bubble formation in a nuclear reactor core would not produce unstable reactions, but would instead result in an inherently stable and self-controlling reactor design. This was  eventually proved in the BORAX experiments, which led to the design of the Boiling water reactor. In recognition of his fundamental development work on  water-cooled reactors, the American Nuclear Society now has an award named after him for work in this field.

Untermyer was awarded the Newcomen Medal in 1980.
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Auckland
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Māori: Te Ana Tapu), commonly known as Holy Sep and Te Mīhana Māori, is an historic Gothic Revival Anglican church located on Khyber Pass Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.

Established in 1880 and built to a design from Edward Mahoney, the church is registered as a category 1 building with Heritage New Zealand.

The church is operated by Te Mīhana Māori and is overseen by Te Pīhopatanga o Te Tai Tokerau, the northern diocese of the Māori Anglican church.

Khyber Pass Road
Khyber Pass Road is a street in the Auckland City Centre, New Zealand, connecting Upper Symonds Street to Broadway in Newmarket. The road is intersected by both the Western Line and the Auckland Southern Motorway.
Temple of Hera, Olympia
The Temple of Hera, or Heraion, is an ancient Archaic Greek temple at Olympia, Greece, that was dedicated to Hera: 61 , queen of the Greek gods: 195–197 . It is the oldest temple at Olympia: 61  and one of the most venerable in all of Greece. It was originally a joint temple of Hera and Zeus, chief of the gods, until a separate temple was built for him. It is at the altar of this temple, which is oriented east-west, that the Olympic flame is lit and carried to all parts of the world. The torch of the Olympic flame is lit in its ruins to this day. The temple was built in ca. 580 BC: 77 , but was destroyed by an earthquake in the early 4th century AD.

Olympic flame
The Olympic flame is a symbol used in the Olympic movement. It is also a symbol of continuity between ancient and modern games. The Olympic flame is lit at Olympia, Greece. This ceremony starts the Olympic torch relay, which formally ends with the lighting of the Olympic cauldron during the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The flame then continues to burn in the cauldron (or in a lantern as in 2024) for the duration of the Games until it is extinguished during the Olympic closing ceremony.
3rd Army (Austria-Hungary)
The 3rd Army (German: k.u.k. 3. Armee) was a field army level command within the Austro-Hungarian Army of Austria-Hungary during World War I. It was primarily active on the Eastern Front against the Russian Empire and in the Balkans against Serbia and Montenegro. Later on, the 3rd Army took part in some fighting on the Italian Front before returning to the eastern theater by 1917 to repulse the Kerensky Offensive. Its remaining units were merged with the 7th Army in January 1918.

Battle of Asiago
The Battle of Asiago, also known as Südtirol Offensive or Battle of the Plateaux (in Italian: Battaglia degli Altipiani), wrongly nicknamed Strafexpedition " (German for "punitive expedition"; this name has no reference in official Austrian documentation of the time and it is considered to be of popular origin), began with a major offensive launched on 15 May 1916 by the Austro-Hungarians on the territory of Vicentine Alps in the Italian Front of World War I. It was an "unexpected" attack that took place in the Asiago plateau (province of Vicenza, in northeast Italy, then at the border between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary) after the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo (March 1916). The Austro-Hungarian offensive, initially successful, was followed by an Italian counter-offensive reconquering much of the lost ground and Asiago.

Commemorating this battle and the soldiers killed in World War I is the Asiago War Memorial (province of Vicenza, Veneto, northeast Italy).
Penn v Lord Baltimore
Penn v Lord Baltimore (1750) 1 Ves Sen 444 was a judicial decision of Lord Hardwicke LC in relation to the long-running Penn–Calvert boundary dispute.

The case is important both as a legal precedent under English law (in relation to the extent to which the English courts may act in relation to matters involving title to foreign land), but also as an event in its own right during a formative period of the pre-history of the United States.

The decision helped end the 85-year dispute over the Pennsylvania–Maryland border, although the issue was not definitively resolved until King George III formally approved the newly surveyed Mason–Dixon boundaries in 1768.  Ironically, just seven years later the American Revolution occurred, and both parties essentially lost all of the lands they had been arguing over for so long.

Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, PC (1 December 1690 – 6 March 1764) was an English lawyer and politician who served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. He was a close confidant of the Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister between 1754 and 1756 and 1757 until 1762.
Stichaeidae
Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes in the suborder Zoarcoidei of the order Scorpaeniformes. Most species are found in the North Pacific Ocean with a few in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Zoarcoidei
Zoarcoidei is a suborder of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Perciformes. The suborder includes the wolffishes, gunnels and eelpouts. The suborder includes about 400 species. These fishes are predominantly found in the boreal seas of the Northern Hemisphere but they have colonised the Southern Hemisphere. Many members of this suborder are extremophiles adapted to deepwater ecosystems (including hydrothermal vents) and polar waters.
Viktor Knorre
Viktor Karlovich Knorre (Russian: Виктор Карлович Кнорре; 4 October 1840 – 25 August 1919) was a Russian astronomer of German origin. He worked in Nikolaev, Pulkovo and Berlin and is best known for having discovered 158 Koronis and three other minor planets. Knorre's father, Karl Friedrich Knorre, and grandfather, Ernst Friedrich Knorre, were also prominent astronomers. Recently, the main-belt asteroid 14339 Knorre was named in honor of the three generations of Knorre astronomers.

Ernst Friedrich Knorre
Ernst Christoph Friedrich Knorre (11 December 1759 – 1 December 1810) was a German-born astronomer who lived and worked in present-day Estonia as a founding professor of mathematics at the Universität Dorpat and chief observator for the Dorpat Observatory. His son Karl Friedrich Knorre and grandson Viktor Knorre were also notable astronomers. Recently NASA named an asteroid in honor of the three generations of Knorre astronomers.
Dentate nucleus
The dentate nucleus refer to a pair of deep cerebellar nuclei deep within the white matter of the cerebellum of the brain with a dentate – tooth-like or serrated – edge. The dentate forms the largest pathway between the cerebellum and the remainder of the brain. It is the largest and most lateral of the four pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei, the others being the globose and emboliform nuclei, which together are referred to as the interposed nucleus, and the fastigial nucleus.

The dentate nucleus is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements. The dorsal region of the dentate nucleus contains output channels involved in motor function, which is the movement of skeletal muscle, while the ventral region contains output channels involved in nonmotor function, such as conscious thought and visuospatial function.

Deep cerebellar nuclei
There are four paired deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter centre of the cerebellum. The nuclei are the fastigial, globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei.

In lower mammals the emboliform nucleus appears to be continuous with the globose nucleus, and these are known together as the interposed nucleus.
Simonetta Stefanelli
Simonetta Stefanelli (Italian pronunciation: [simoˈnetta stefaˈnɛlli]; born 30 November 1954) is an Italian former actress. Internationally, she is best known for her performance as Apollonia Vitelli in the 1972 film The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Her other roles include appearances in Moses the Lawgiver, Scandal in the Family and Three Brothers. In 1992, Stefanelli made her last film appearance in the drama Le amiche del cuore (Close Friends) directed by her then-husband Michele Placido.

Close Friends
Close Friends  (Italian:  Le amiche del cuore)  is a 1992 Italian teen drama film directed by Michele Placido. It was entered into the Quinzaine des Réalisateurs section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.
One Mo Nigga ta Go
One Mo Nigga ta Go is the only solo studio album by former N.W.A member DJ Yella, released on March 26, 1996. Its release date coincided with the first anniversary of the death of his former N.W.A groupmate Eazy-E, whom the album is dedicated to. The album cover shows close-up of Eazy-E's face and Yella himself at Eazy-E's grave.

DJ Yella
Antoine Carraby (born December 11, 1961), better known by his stage name DJ Yella, is an American DJ, record producer, and former pornographic film producer and director from Compton, California.

DJ Yella began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru along with Dr. Dre. He later joined the pioneering gangsta rap group N.W.A (originally composed of Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, Arabian Prince and Eazy-E) and became the least vocal but longest-lasting member of the group. His first and only studio album One Mo Nigga ta Go was released in 1996 through Street Life Records and was dedicated to Eazy-E. After the release of the album he left the music industry to direct pornographic films until 2011, when he started working on a new album called West Coastin. However, as of 2025, the album remains unreleased.
Edmund Ansin
Edmund N. Ansin (March 9, 1936 – July 26, 2020) was an American billionaire and co-founder of Sunbeam Television. He was credited with being an innovator in the television news industry, breaking away from the conventional mold that had been used by other independent stations. His approach ended up being a success, first in Miami and then in Boston.

Sunbeam Television
Sunbeam Television Corporation is a privately held broadcasting company based in Miami, Florida, that owns three television stations in the United States. Since the company's founding in 1953, it has been under the control of the Ansin family.
Tom Branfoot
Tom Branfoot is a poet and critic from Bradford, England. His pamphlet This Is Not an Epiphany earned him the 2022 Poetry Business New Poets Prize. Branfoot is currently the writer-in-residence at the Manchester Cathedral, and was awarded a Northern Debut Award for Poetry in 2024.

The Poetry Business
The Poetry Business are an independent press, and a writer development agency, based in Sheffield. Since 1986, they have run workshops, mentorships, competitions and more. The poet duo Peter and Ann Sansom are the directors of the Poetry Business.
Kiril Despodov
Kiril Vasilev Despodov (Bulgarian: Кирил Василев Десподов; born 11 November 1996) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays primarily as a winger for Super League Greece club PAOK and the Bulgaria national team, which he captains.

Despodov made his way through the youth teams at Litex Lovech before making his senior debut in 2012 at the age of 15. He became part of CSKA Sofia in June 2016, where he established himself as the team's star player, winning the Bulgarian Footballer of the Year award in 2018 – the first CSKA player to do so since Hristo Stoichkov in 1989. He won it for second time in 2021, and again in 2022.

On 23 March 2018, Despodov made his senior international debut for Bulgaria in a 1–0 friendly loss against Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bulgarian Footballer of the Year
Bulgarian Footballer of the Year (Bulgarian: Футболист №1 на България, Futbolist №1 na Balgariya) is an annual title awarded to the best Bulgarian association football player of the year. The award has been given since 1961, and the winner is elected by authorized journalists from the leading Bulgarian media.
Luigi Giuliano
Luigi Giuliano (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi dʒuˈljaːno]; born November 3, 1949) is a former Italian Camorrista who was the boss of the powerful Giuliano clan based in the district of Forcella, Naples. He had multiple nicknames including "'o rre" (the king) and "Lovigino", which is an amalgamation of Luigi and love. In 2002, he decided to collaborate with Italian law enforcement and became a pentito, a co-operating witness against organised crime.

Erminia Giuliano
Erminia Giuliano (Italian pronunciation: [erˈmiːnja dʒuˈljaːno]; born 31 December 1955) is a former member of the Giuliano clan of the Camorra, based in the district of Forcella, Naples. Her nickname was Celeste ("Sky-blue") on account of her bright, blue eyes.
Ice Creamusume
Ice Creamusume (アイスクリー娘。, Aisu Kurīmusume; Chinese: 冰淇淋少女組。; pinyin: Bīngqílín Shàonǚ Zǔ; Wade–Giles: Pingch'ilin Shaonü Tsu) was an idol girl group based in Taiwan and associated with Hello! Project and signed under Forward Music. They were Hello! Project's first overseas group and the flagship band of Hello! Project Taiwan. The members consisted of Wu Si-hsuan ("Shen Shen"), Chung An-chi ("Anchī"), Tseng Te-ping ("Pei Pei"), Chao Kuo-jung ("Yōko"), Chiu Tsui-ling ("Rei Rei"), and Ku Yun ("Gū-chan"), with each member officially represented by an ice cream flavor. Since their debut, the group has released music in both Japanese and Chinese before disbanding in 2010.

Hello! Project
Hello! Project (Japanese: ハロー!プロジェクト, Hepburn: Harō! Purojekuto) is a Japanese musical collective consisting of all female recording artists and groups under Up-Front Promotion, a subsidiary of Up-Front Group. The name was initially used as Michiyo Heike and Morning Musume's fan club name in 1999, but has since then been used to represent all female recording artists at Up-Front Promotion. Until 2014, their songs were primarily produced by Tsunku.

Hello! Project's main acts consist of Morning Musume, Angerme, Juice=Juice, Camellia Factory, Beyooooonds, Ocha Norma and Rosy Chronicle. Notable acts in the past associated with Hello! Project include Aya Matsuura, Maki Goto, Mini-Moni, W, Melon Kinenbi, Berryz Kobo, Cute, Country Girls and Magnolia Factory.
RV Triton
The research vessel Triton is a trimaran vessel owned by Gardline Marine Sciences Limited and a former prototype British warship demonstrator for the UK's Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (later QinetiQ). She was built as a technology demonstrator ship for the Royal Navy's Future Surface Combatant, and has been used to both prove the viability of the hull-form and as a trials platform for other QinetiQ innovations. The ship was used by the Australian Border Force's Marine Unit, and was for a time moored in the River Fal near the King Harry chain ferry. Up until July 2019 she was moored on the River Yare, Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England.

Marine Unit (Australian Border Force)
The Marine Unit, formerly the Australian Customs Service National Marine Unit, is a division of the Australian Border Force (ABF) which acts as a coast guard for guarding Australia's coast. The Marine Unit focuses on surveillance and response activities within the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone, and the operation and training of ships and crews for these functions.
New Hampshire Route 10
New Hampshire Route 10 is a 122.25-mile-long (196.74 km) north–south state highway in western New Hampshire, United States. Its southern terminus is in Winchester at the Massachusetts state line, where it continues south as Massachusetts Route 10. Administratively, the northern terminus is at a junction with U.S. Route 302 in Haverhill.

In the field, however, NH 10 is cosigned along US 302 for an additional 19.8 miles (31.9 km) from Haverhill to an intersection with New Hampshire Route 18 in Littleton. However, this is not officially part of the route.

NH 10 is a multi-state route along with Massachusetts Route 10 and Connecticut Route 10. Its number is derived from its original 1922 designation as New England Interstate Route 10.

New Hampshire Route 12
New Hampshire Route 12 is a 62.773-mile (101.023 km) long north–south state highway in southwestern New Hampshire. Its southern terminus is at the Massachusetts state line in Fitzwilliam, where it continues south as Massachusetts Route 12. Its northern terminus is at the Vermont state line in Claremont (a terminus it shares with New Hampshire Route 103), where it continues north as Vermont Route 12. Most of the northern part of NH 12 runs along the Connecticut River.

Its number is derived from its original 1922 designation as New England Interstate Route 12 (also known as the "Keene Way"). Present-day Vermont Route 12, New Hampshire Route 12, Massachusetts Route 12 and Connecticut Route 12 still mostly follow the original route. The 283.3-mile (455.9 km) four-state series of State Route 12s extend from Morrisville, Vermont, to Groton, Connecticut.