hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neyland
Neyland is a town and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales, lying on the River Cleddau and the upstream end of the Milford Haven estuary. The Cleddau Bridge carrying the A477 links Pembroke Dock with Neyland. In 2011 it had a population of 3,464.

Pembroke Dock
Pembroke Dock (Welsh: Doc Penfro) is a port town and a community in Pembrokeshire, South West Wales, 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Pembroke on the banks of the River Cleddau.

Originally Paterchurch, a small fishing village, Pembroke Dock town expanded rapidly following the construction of the Royal Navy Dockyard in 1814. The Cleddau Bridge links Pembroke Dock with Neyland.

After Haverfordwest and Milford Haven, Pembroke Dock is the third-largest town in Pembrokeshire being more populous than neighbouring Pembroke.
Old City, Philadelphia
Old City is a neighborhood in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, near the Delaware River waterfront. It is home to Independence National Historical Park, a dense section of historic landmarks including Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, the First Bank of the United States, the Second Bank of the United States, and Carpenters' Hall. It also includes historic streets such as Elfreth's Alley, dating back to 1703.

Old City is also home to several hotels, with the Independence Park Hotel on Chestnut Street the only hotel listed on the National Registry of Historic Places.

Old City borders Northern Liberties to the north, Penn's Landing to the east, Society Hill to the south, and Chinatown and Market East to the west.

Elfreth's Alley
Elfreth's Alley is a historic street in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, dating back to 1703. The street has 32 houses, built between 1703 and 1836. The Elfreth's Alley Museum is located at #124 and 126. The alley, a National Historic Landmark, runs from North Front to North 2nd streets, paralleling Arch and Quarry streets.
Fred Van Hove
Fred Van Hove (19 February 1937 – 13 January 2022) was a Belgian jazz musician and a pioneer of European free jazz. He was a pianist, accordionist, church organist, and carillonist, an improviser and a composer. In the 1960s and 1970s he performed with saxophonist Peter Brötzmann and drummer Han Bennink.

Han Bennink
Han Bennink (born 17 April 1942) is a Dutch drummer and percussionist. On occasion his recordings have featured him playing soprano saxophone, bass clarinet, trombone, violin, banjo and piano.

Though perhaps best known as one of the pivotal figures in early European free jazz and free improvisation, Bennink has worked in essentially every school of jazz, and is described by critic Chris Kelsey as "one of the unfortunately rare musicians whose abilities and interests span jazz's entire spectrum." Known for often injecting slapstick and absurdist humor into his performances, Bennink has had especially fruitful long-term partnerships with pianist Misha Mengelberg and saxophonist Peter Brötzmann. Han is a brother of saxophonist Peter Bennink.
Jennifer Dodds
Jennifer Carmichael Dodds (born 1 October 1991) is a Scottish curler. She currently plays third on Team Rebecca Morrison and mixed doubles with Bruce Mouat, representing Scotland and Great Britain. She is the 2022 Olympic champion in women's curling and the 2021 World champion in mixed doubles curling.

Bruce Mouat
Bruce Mouat (/ˈmaʊət/; born 27 August 1994 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish curler from Stirling. He currently skips his own team out of the Gogar Park Curling Club. Mouat has led his team to two world championship titles in 2023 and 2025, four European championship titles (2018, 2021, 2022 and 2023) and twelve Grand Slam titles. He also earned two silver medals in the men's team event of the Winter Olympics (2022, 2026). He is a former World Mixed Doubles (2021), Winter Universiade (2017) and World Junior (2016) champion.
Kineshma constituency
The Kineshma constituency (No.92) is a Russian legislative constituency in Ivanovo Oblast. The constituency covers eastern half of Ivanovo and northern Ivanovo Oblast. After 2025 redistricting Ivanovo Oblast is slated to lose one of its two constituencies, so Kineshma constituency is going to be dissolved and merged with Ivanovo constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Mikhail Kizeyev, former Member of Ivanovo Oblast Duma and ophthalmologist, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Yury Smirnov.

Ivanovo constituency
The Ivanovo constituency (No.91) is a Russian legislative constituency in Ivanovo Oblast. The constituency covers western half of Ivanovo as well as southern Ivanovo Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Viktor Smirnov, former Senator and Ivanovo Oblast Duma speaker, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Aleksey Khokhlov.
Coati
Coatis (from Tupí), also known as coatimundis (/koʊˌɑːtɪˈmʌndi/), are members of the family Procyonidae in the genera Nasua and Nasuella (comprising the subtribe Nasuina). They are diurnal mammals native to South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Southwestern United States. The name "coatimundi" comes from the Tupian languages of Brazil, where it means "lone coati". Locally in Belize, the coati is known as "quash".

Procyonidae
Procyonidae (/ˌproʊsiːˈɒnɪdiː/ PROH-see-ON-i-dee) is a New World family of the order Carnivora. It includes the raccoons, ringtails, cacomistles, coatis, kinkajous, olingos, and olinguitos. Procyonids inhabit a wide range of environments and are generally omnivorous.
39th District corruption scandal
The 39th District Corruption Scandal refers to a persistent pattern of brutality and corruption among a cadre of Philadelphia Police Department officers, primarily from the Department's 39th District. The scandal emerged in late 1995 and received nationwide attention by 1997, eventually resulting in an investigation by Human Rights Watch. Hundreds of people were involved in the incidents that occurred in North Philadelphia in the early 1990s.  Some individuals are notable due to their direct participation, and others for their participation in related events, particularly the legal proceedings of the conviction of Mumia Abu-Jamal for the murder of Officer Daniel Faulkner.

Philadelphia Police Department
The Philadelphia Police Department (PPD, Philly PD, or Philly Police) is the police agency responsible for law enforcement and investigations within the County and City of Philadelphia. The PPD is one of the oldest municipal police agencies, fourth-largest police force and sixth-largest non-federal law enforcement agency in the United States. Since records were first kept in 1828, at least 289 PPD officers have died in the line of duty.

The Philadelphia Police Department has a history of police brutality, intimidation, coercion, and disregard for constitutional rights, particularly during the tenure of Frank Rizzo as police commissioner (1967–1971) and mayor (1972–1980).  The patterns of police brutality were documented in a 1978 Pulitzer Prize–winning Philadelphia Inquirer series by William K. Marimow and Jon Neuman.
P. N. Haksar
Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar (4 September 1913 – 25 November 1998) was an Indian bureaucrat and diplomat, best known for his two-year stint as Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's principal secretary (1971–73). In that role, Haksar was the chief strategist and policy adviser behind Gandhi's early years and her establishment of strong authority in the 1970s. After this he was appointed deputy chairman of the Planning Commission and then the first-ever chancellor of New Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University.

An advocate of centralisation and socialism, he was a Kashmiri Pandit who became Gandhi's closest confidant in her inner coterie of bureaucrats, the so-called "Kashmiri mafia". Before this, Haksar was a diplomat of the Indian Foreign Service, who served as India's ambassador to Austria and Nigeria.

Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India
The Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India (PS to the PM; ISO: Bhārat Ke Pradhānmantrī Ke Pradhān Saciv) is the administrative head of the Prime Minister's Office. The officeholder is generally a retired civil servant, commonly from the Indian Administrative Service and occasionally from the Indian Foreign Service.

Since 2019, the officeholder has been accorded with the status of a cabinet minister. The office holder ranks 7th in the Order of Precedence of India.
Maurice Mpolo
Maurice Mpolo (12 September 1928 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of the Congo in 1960. He briefly led the Congolese army that July. He was executed alongside Joseph Okito, and Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in Katanga in 1961.

Joseph Okito
Joseph Okito (5 February 1910 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and close political ally to Patrice Lumumba who briefly served as Second Vice-President of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo). He was executed alongside Maurice Mpolo, and Patrice Lumumba in Katanga in 1961.
Luther Elliss
Luther John Elliss (born March 22, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah Utes and was recognized as a consensus All-American. Selected in the first round of the 1995 NFL draft, Elliss played professionally for the Detroit Lions and Denver Broncos of the NFL and was a two-time Pro Bowler. He worked as the defensive line coach at Idaho from 2017 until being named defensive tackles coach at Utah in 2022. He has five sons that also play football: Kaden, Christian, Noah, Jonah, and Elijah.

Jonah Elliss
Jonah Elliss (born April 3, 2003) is an American professional football linebacker for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah Utes. He is the son of former Utes great and Detroit Lions defensive tackle Luther Elliss.  Three of his brothers have also played in the NFL: Kaden, Christian, and Noah.  They are believed to be the only set of four brothers who have played in the NFL.
Alex Greenwich
Alexander Hart Greenwich (born 28 November 1980) is an Australian politician. He is a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing the seat of Sydney since the 2012 Sydney by-election. He ran as an independent and was backed by his predecessor, independent Clover Moore.

He was also the co-chair of Australian Marriage Equality and one of the key leaders of the successful "Yes" campaign for the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey in 2017 and abortion legalisation within New South Wales in 2019. He is a proponent of LGBTQ rights by helping to pass laws that respond to issues within the LGBTQ community. He helped legalise voluntary assisted dying in 2022.

Clover Moore
Clover Margaret Moore (/ˈmɔːr/ MORE; née Collins; born 22 October 1945) is an Australian politician who has served as the 82nd Lord Mayor of the  City of Sydney since 2004 and is currently the longest serving Lord Mayor of Sydney since the creation of the City of Sydney in 1842. She was an independent member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 2012, representing the electorates of Bligh (1988–2007) and Sydney (2007–2012). Moore is the first popularly elected woman Lord Mayor of Sydney.
Fula language
FulaListenⓘ  (/ˈfuːlə/ FOO-lə), also known as FulaniListenⓘ  (/fʊˈlɑːniː/ fuu-LAH-nee) or Fulah (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular; Adlam: 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪; Ajami: ࢻُلْࢻُلْدٜ‎, ݒُلَارْ‎, بُۛلَر‎), is a Senegambian language spoken by around 36.8 million people as a set of various dialects in a continuum that stretches across some 18 countries in West and Central Africa. Along with other related languages such as Serer and Wolof, it belongs to the Atlantic geographic group within Niger–Congo, and more specifically to the Senegambian branch. Unlike most Niger-Congo languages, Fula does not have tones.

It is spoken as a first language by the Fula people ("Fulani", Fula: Fulɓe) from the Senegambia region and Guinea to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Sudan and by related groups such as the Toucouleur people in the Senegal River Valley. It is also spoken as a second language by various peoples in the region, such as the Kirdi of northern Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria.

Adlam script
The Adlam script is a script used to write Fulani. The name Adlam is an acronym derived from the first four letters of the alphabet (A, D, L, M), standing for Alkule Dandayɗe Leñol Mulugol (𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤁𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤂𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤃𞤵𞤤𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤), which means "the alphabet that protects the peoples from vanishing". It is one of many indigenous scripts developed for specific languages in West Africa.

Adlam is supported in Google's Android and Chrome operating systems. There are also Android apps to send SMS in Adlam and to learn the alphabet. On computers running Microsoft Windows, the Adlam script received native support beginning with Windows 10 version 1903, which was released in May 2019. On macOS, the Adlam script received support beginning with Ventura in 2022.
Kiss (cryptanalysis)
In cryptanalysis, a kiss is a pair of identical messages sent using different ciphers, one of which has been broken. The term was used at Bletchley Park during World War II. A deciphered message in the breakable system provided a "crib" (piece of known plaintext) which could then be used to read the unbroken messages. One example was where messages read in a German meteorological cipher could be used to provide cribs for reading the difficult 4-wheel Naval Enigma cipher.

cribs from re-encipherments ... were known as 'kisses' in Bletchley Park parlance because the relevant signals were marked with  'xx'

Known-plaintext attack
The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib) and its encrypted version (ciphertext). These can be used to reveal secret keys and code books.  The term "crib" originated at Bletchley Park, the British World War II decryption operation, where it was defined as:

A plain language (or code) passage of any length, usually obtained by solving one or more cipher or code messages, and occurring or believed likely to occur in a different cipher or code message, which it may provide a means of solving.
BPER Banca
BPER Banca S.p.A., formerly known as Banca Popolare dell'Emilia Romagna S.C., is an Italian banking group offering traditional banking services to individuals, corporate and public entities. The company is based in Modena and is a constituent of the FTSE MIB index.

The bank had branches in most of Italy, but not in Aosta Valley and Friuli – Venezia Giulia. The bank is a majority shareholder of Piedmontese bank Cassa di Risparmio di Bra and Saluzzo, as well as minority shareholders of Fossano and Savigliano.

BPER has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Savigliano
Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Savigliano S.p.A. is an Italian saving bank. The bank was based in Savigliano, in the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont.

Since the bank reforms in 1991, the bank was split into a società per azioni and a non-profit banking foundation. Cassa di Risparmio di Torino (Banca CRT) once became a minority shareholders of the bank. However, its successor, UniCredit sold their possession on Savigliano (31.006%), Bra (31.021%), Fossano (23.077%) and Saluzzo (31.019%) to Banca Popolare dell'Emilia Romagna for about €149 million. (which BPER paid €33.409 million for CR Savigliano's shares)
Codex Manesse
The Codex Manesse (also Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift or Pariser Handschrift) is a Liederhandschrift (a German term for a manuscript containing songs) which is the single most comprehensive source of Middle High German Minnesang poetry. It was written and illustrated between c. 1304 when the main part was completed, and c. 1340 with the addenda.

The codex was produced in Zürich (Switzerland), for the Manesse family.

The manuscript is "the most beautifully illumined German manuscript in centuries"; its 137 miniatures are a series of "portraits" depicting each poet.

It is currently housed in the Heidelberg University Library.

In 2023, Codex Manesse was admitted to UNESCO's Memory of the World.

Minnesang
Minnesang (German: [ˈmɪnəzaŋ] ⓘ; "Love song") was a tradition of German lyric- and song-writing that flourished in the Middle High German period (12th to 14th centuries). The name derives from minne, the Middle High German word for love, as that was Minnesang's main subject. People who wrote and performed Minnesang were known as Minnesänger (German: [ˈmɪnəˌzɛŋɐ] ⓘ), and a single song was called a Minnelied (German: [ˈmɪnəˌliːt] ⓘ). The Minnesänger are comparable to the Occitan troubadours and northern French trouvères, but they are "an original German contribution to courtly lyric."
Destroying angel
The name destroying angel applies to several similar, closely related species of deadly all-white mushrooms in the genus Amanita. They are Amanita virosa in Europe and A. bisporigera and A. ocreata in eastern and western North America, respectively. Another European species of Amanita referred to as the destroying angel, Amanita verna—also referred to as the "fool's mushroom"—was first described in France in 1780. Destroying angels are among the most toxic known mushrooms; both they and the closely related death caps (A. phalloides) contain amatoxins.

Amanita virosa
Amanita virosa is a species of fungus in the class Agaricomycetes. In the UK, it has the recommended English name of destroying angel and is known internationally as the European destroying angel. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid (mushroom-shaped) and pure white with a ring on the  stipe and a sack-like volva at the base.

The species occurs in Europe and northern Asia. It was formerly reported from North America, but similar-looking American species like A. bisporigera and A. ocreata are distinct. As the name suggests, the destroying angel is poisonous.
George Whitman Hendee
George Whitman Hendee (November 30, 1832 – December 6, 1906) was a Vermont lawyer, banker, and politician who served as President of the Vermont State Senate, the 27th lieutenant governor, 32nd governor of Vermont, and a U.S. Representative.

President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate
The president pro tempore of the Vermont Senate presides over the Senate of the U.S. state of Vermont in the absence of the lieutenant governor. The president pro tempore also sets the policy priorities and legislative agenda for the Senate.
Smyrniote crusades
The Smyrniote crusades (1343–1351) were two Crusades sent by Pope Clement VI against the Beylik of Aydin under Umur Bey which had as their principal target the coastal city of Smyrna in Asia Minor. The crusade was mostly successful in restricting piracy and leading to Umur's death and Smyrna remained in Latin hands until 1402.

Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VI (Latin: Clemens VI; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death, in December 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope. Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death (1348–1350), during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague.

Roger steadfastly resisted temporal encroachments on the Church's ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and, as pope Clement VI, entrenched French dominance of the Church and opened its coffers to enhance the regal splendour of the Papacy. He recruited composers and music theorists for his court, including figures associated with the then-innovative Ars Nova style of France and the Low Countries.
Kallankari Islands
The Kallankari Islands (Finnish: Kallankarit) are two islands, Maakalla and Ulkokalla, located on the Bothnian Bay in North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is officially part of the town of Kalajoki and is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the mainland.

Approximately 4,000—5,000 tourists visit Maakalla and its fishing village every year. On clear days the Church of Maakalla can be seen from the coast of mainland Finland.

Kalajoki
Kalajoki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkɑlɑˌjoki]; literally translated the "fish river") is a coastal town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the immediate vicinity of the Gulf of Bothnia in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region.

The town has a population of 12,231 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 2,391.30 square kilometres (923.29 sq mi) of which 1,469.15 km2 (567.24 sq mi) is water. The population density is 13.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (34.3/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Pedro Perete
Pedro Perete, (c. 1610 – 8 April 1639) was a seventeenth-century Baroque engraver and painter in Madrid. He was the son, and pupil, of engraver Peter Perret. Perete Hispanicized the family name from the Dutch "Perret". Many of his works have been attributed to or confused with those by his father.

Pieter Perret
Pieter Perret or Peter Perret (Spanish: Pedro Perret c. 1555–1625) was a Flemish engraver.  After training in Antwerp and Rome, he worked in Madrid in the service of Philip II of Spain. He introduced into Spain the Flemish printmaking tradition and the new artistic style that was developing among Northern artists under the influence of contemporary Italian art. He is credited with renewing Spanish printmaking. He was known for his large-scale architectural prints, frontispieces, portraits and reproductions of contemporary artworks.
Valerie French (novel)
Valerie French is a 1923 adventure novel by the English author Dornford Yates (Cecil William Mercer), a sequel to Anthony Lyveden. It was first published in monthly instalments in The Windsor Magazine.

Anthony Lyveden
Anthony Lyveden is a 1921 adventure novel by the English author Dornford Yates (Cecil William Mercer). It was first published in monthly instalments in The Windsor Magazine. The book was Mercer's first attempt at a full-length novel, and was succeeded by Valerie French which continued the story of the main characters.
2014 San Francisco Giants season
The 2014 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 132nd year in Major League Baseball, their 57th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 15th at AT&T Park. The Giants finished the season in second place in the National League West, but qualified for the playoffs and defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the NLWC Game and the Washington Nationals in the NLDS. They defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLCS in five games and beat the Kansas City Royals in seven games in the World Series, their third World Series win in five years.

2014 National League Division Series
The 2014 National League Division Series was two best-of-five-game series on the National League side in Major League Baseball’s 2014 postseason to determine the participating teams in the 2014 National League Championship Series.  The Washington Nationals, Los Angeles Dodgers, and St. Louis Cardinals (seeded 1–3 based on record, respectively) and San Francisco Giants—played in two series. Fox Sports 1 carried most of the games, with two of the games on MLB Network.

These matchups were:

(1) Washington Nationals (East Division champion) vs. (5) San Francisco Giants (Wild Card Game winner): Giants win series 3–1.

(2) Los Angeles Dodgers (West Division champion) vs. (3) St. Louis Cardinals (Central Division champion): Cardinals win series 3–1.

The Giants would go on to defeat the Cardinals in the NLCS, then win the 2014 World Series, defeating the American League champion Kansas City Royals.