hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Mraz
George Mraz (born Jiří Mráz; 9 September 1944 – 16 September 2021) was a Czech-born American jazz bassist and alto saxophonist. He was a member of Oscar Peterson's group, and worked with Pepper Adams, Stan Getz, Michel Petrucciani, Stephane Grappelli, Tommy Flanagan, Jimmy Raney, Chet Baker, Barry Harris, Joe Henderson, John Abercrombie, John Scofield, and Richie Beirach, among others.

During the 1970s, he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra, and in the 1980s a member of Quest. He also appeared with Joe Lovano, Hank Jones and Paul Motian on Lovano's records I'm All For You and Joyous Encounter.

Mraz died on September 16, 2021, in Prague. The immediate cause of death was undisclosed, though he had battled pancreatic cancer in 2016.

New York Jazz Quartet
The New York Jazz Quartet was founded by pianist Roland Hanna.  Initially consisting of flautist Hubert Laws, bassist Ron Carter, and drummer Billy Cobham, the lineup changed in 1974 to Frank Wess, bassist George Mraz, and drummer Ben Riley. Richie Pratt and Grady Tate also contributed to the group. The group recorded for the Inner City, Enja, Salvation and Sonet Records from 1972 to 1982.
Game without a value
In the mathematical theory of games, in particular the study of zero-sum continuous games, not every game has a minimax value.  This is the expected value to one of the players when both play a perfect strategy (which is to choose from a particular PDF).

This article gives an example of a zero-sum game that has no value.  It is due to Sion and Wolfe.

Zero-sum games with a finite number of pure strategies are known to have a minimax value (originally proved by John von Neumann) but this is not necessarily the case if the game has an infinite set of strategies.  There follows a simple example of a game with no minimax value.

The existence of such zero-sum games is interesting because many of the results of game theory become inapplicable if there is no minimax value.

Minimax
Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM or saddle point) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, combinatorial game theory, statistics, and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (maximum loss) scenario. When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain. Originally formulated for several-player zero-sum game theory, covering both the cases where players take alternate moves and those where they make simultaneous moves, it has also been extended to more complex games and to general decision-making in the presence of uncertainty.
Philodemus
Philodemus of Gadara (Ancient Greek: Φιλόδημος ὁ Γαδαρεύς, Philodēmos, "love of the people"; c. 110 – prob. c. 40 or 35 BC) was an Epicurean philosopher and poet. He studied under Zeno of Sidon in Athens, before moving to Rome, and then to Herculaneum. He was once known chiefly for his poetry preserved in the Greek Anthology, but since the 18th century, many writings of his have been discovered among the charred papyrus rolls at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum. The task of excavating and deciphering these rolls is difficult, and work continues to this day. The works of Philodemus so far discovered include writings on ethics, theology, rhetoric, music, poetry, and the history of various philosophical schools. Ethel Ross Barker suggested in 1908 that he was owner of the Villa of the Papyri Library, although it is far more likely that the owner was in fact his wealthy Roman patron Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (consul 58 BC)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (101 BC – c. 43 BC) was a Roman senator and the father-in-law of Julius Caesar through his daughter Calpurnia. He was reportedly a follower of a school of Epicureanism that had been modified to befit politicians, as Epicureanism itself favoured withdrawal from politics. Piso was consul in the year 58 BC with Aulus Gabinius as his colleague.
Lviv trolleybus
The Lviv trolleybus (Ukrainian: Львівський тролейбус, translit.: L’vivs’kyi troleibus) is a trolleybus system in Lviv, Ukraine. The trolleybus network is operated by Lvivelectrotrans - a municipal enterprise, that is the operator of trams and trolleybuses in the city. LET is owned by the Lviv City Council. The length of the contact network is 136 km (01.2023), and the length of the route network is 169 km (01.2021). As of 2021, 24,678,300 paid passengers (including 2,785,623 students) used trams and trolleybuses. In 2021, trolleybuses performed 3.29 million kilometers of transportation work (vehicle-km). In January 2024, 900,744 passengers were transported by trolleybus routes.

Lvivelectrotrans
Lvivelectrotrans (officially "Lvivelectrotrans" Lviv Communal Enterprise; Ukrainian: ЛКП «Львівелектротранс») is the primary provider of municipal transport in Lviv, Ukraine. The company is owned and controlled by the hromada of Lviv and holds a monopoly on the operation of trams and trolleybuses in the city.

As of September 1, 2022, the tram network includes 7 tram routes, with the tracks and contact network measuring 81.85 km (2022) and the route network spanning 99.1 km (2022). In 2021, the trams covered a distance of 3.79 million km for transportation.

The trolleybus network consists of 11 routes, with the contact network measuring 136 km (01.2023) and a route network extending to 169 km (01.2021). In 2021, the trolleybuses completed 3.29 million km of transportation work.

By the end of 2021, a total of 24,678,300 paid passengers, including 2,785,623 students, has used the services of Lvivelectrotrans trams and trolleybuses.
Helena Hamerow
Helena Francisca Hamerow, FSA, FBA (born 18 September 1961) is an American archaeologist, best known for her work on the archeology of early medieval communities in Northwestern Europe. She is Professor of Early Medieval archaeology and former head of the School of Archaeology, University of Oxford.

School of Archaeology, University of Oxford
The School of Archaeology is an academic department at the Social Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom.

It comprises the Institute of Archaeology and the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art (RLAHA). The school was created in 2000 when the two existing departments were combined under this umbrella. Both sub-departments retain separate directors, who report to the head of the School of Archaeology, who is replaced every three years.

By custom, the head alternates between an academics based in each of the sub-departments. The current head of school is Amy Bogaard. While Bogaard was due to be replaced in 2022, her term was extended by a year due to COVID-19.
Jamaica national football team
The Jamaica national football team represents Jamaica in men's international football, which is governed by the Jamaica Football Federation founded in 1910. It has been an affiliate member of FIFA since 1962 and an affiliate member of CONCACAF since 1963. Regionally, it is an affiliate member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Jamaica has qualified for the FIFA World Cup once (1998), achieving its first victory after defeating Japan 2–1.

Jamaica has participated sixteen times in CONCACAF's premier continental competition, finishing as runners-up twice in the CONCACAF Gold Cup (2015 and 2017). It has participated three times in League A and once in League B of the CONCACAF Nations League, finishing in third place in the 2024 Finals. It has also participated three times in the Copa América (2015, 2016 and 2024).

Regionally, the team won 6 Caribbean Cup titles (organized by CFU).

2015 Copa América
The 2015 Copa América was the 44th edition of the Copa América, the main international football tournament for national teams in South America, and took place in Chile between 11 June and 4 July 2015. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body.

Twelve teams competed: the ten members of CONMEBOL and two guests from CONCACAF – Mexico and Jamaica, the latter of which competed in the Copa América for the first time.

Uruguay were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the host nation Chile in the quarter-finals. Chile won their first title, defeating Argentina in the final on penalties after a goalless draw. As winners, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia.
George Baksa
George from the kindred Baksa (Hungarian: Baksa nembeli György; died after 1307) was a Hungarian lord and a distinguished military leader in the second half of the 13th century. He was a key supporter of Ladislaus IV of Hungary and participated in various military campaigns during his reign. He successfully fought against the Mongols in Hungary and Poland. After granting large-scale domains in Upper Hungary, he was also known as George of Sóvár or George the Salty (Hungarian: Sóvári "Sós" György, Polish: Jerzy z Sovaru) and became eponymous progenitor of the Sós (or Soós) de Sóvár noble family.

Second Mongol invasion of Hungary
The second invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Mongols took place during the winter of 1285–1286. The Mongols were led by Nogai Khan and Tulabuga of the Golden Horde. Local forces resisted the invaders at many places, including, for example, at Regéc. The invasion lasted for two months before the Mongols withdrew.
Fox Theater Pomona
The Fox Theater Pomona is a fully restored Art Deco movie palace from Hollywood's golden age in Pomona, Los Angeles County, California. Today the Fox Theater Pomona is a state-of-the-art venue for concerts, cinema, performances, and parties.  It is the flagship attraction of the Pomona Arts Colony, a vibrant neighborhood of galleries, nightclubs, lofts, and restaurants.

Pomona, California
Pomona (/pəˈmoʊnə/ ⓘ pə-MOH-nə) is a city in eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley, between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 151,713. The main campus of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, also known as Cal Poly Pomona, lies partially within Pomona's city limits, with the rest being located in the neighboring unincorporated community of Ramona.
Jemaja Island
Jemaja Island is the most westerly of the main islands in the Anambas Islands Regency, part of the province of Riau Islands within Indonesia. The island is administered (including small offshore islands) as three districts of the regency.

Anambas Islands Regency
Anambas Islands Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas) is an island regency in the Riau Islands Province, Indonesia, located in the Natuna Sea. The regency consists of 255 islands, including five outer islands that are important for Indonesia's sovereignty boundaries, namely: Tokong Berlayar Island, Tokong Nanas Island, Mangkai Island, Damar Island, and Malangbiru Island. Anambas Islands Regency located 150 nautical miles (278 km; 173 mi) northeast of Batam Island in the Natuna Sea between the Malaysian Peninsula to the west and the island of Borneo to the east. Geographically part of the Tudjuh Archipelago. This island regency covers a land area of approximately 661.47 square kilometres (255.39 sq mi) spread over an area of approximately 46,664 km² of water. The regency had a population of around 37,411 at the 2010 Census. and 47,402 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 50,140. The administrative centre is at Tarempa on Siantan Island.
Iron Cross (Burmese band)
Iron Cross (Burmese: အိုင်းရွန်းခရောစ့်; abbreviated as IC) is a rock band in Myanmar formed by lead guitarist Saw Bwe Hmu. As of 2015, IC's band members included Chit San Maung (lead guitarist), Khin Maung Thant (bass guitarist), Banyar Naing (keyboards player), and Kha Yan (drummer). Iron Cross has been featured in numerous studio albums for Myanmar's singers. Lay Phyu, Myo Gyi, Ah Nge and Y Wine, who have since launched solo careers, remain IC's lead vocalists.

Myo Gyi
Myo Gyi (Burmese: မျိုးကြီး; born Myo Min Htay on 22 March 1976) is a Burmese rock singer and guitarist. He is the lead vocalist of the popular rock band Iron Cross. Myo Gyi is considered one of the most commercially successful Burmese singers and regarded as the one of "Myanmar's rock icons".
Jonathan Herrera (footballer, born 1991)
Jonathan Carlos Herrera (born 16 September 1991) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Deportivo Riestra in the Argentine Primera División. A forward, he is the only player to achieve the feat of being top goalscorer of four different tiers of Argentine football. Herrera is also Deportivo Riestra's all-time topscorer with more than 100 goals.

Deportivo Riestra
Deportivo Riestra Asociación de Fomento Barrio Colón, also known as Deportivo Riestra, is an Argentine sports club from Buenos Aires. The club is mainly focused on football. As of 2024, Deportivo Riestra plays in the Primera División, the top tier of the Argentine league system. Aside from the futsal team that plays in Primera D —the fourth tier division— Deportivo Riestra also has youth academy and women's teams competing in different tournaments and divisions.

The club headquarters are located in the Nueva Pompeya neighbourhood, with Guillermo Laza Stadium of Villa Soldati as venue for football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000.

Apart from football, Riestra is affiliated to the "Federación Metropolitana de Ajedrez" (Metropolitan Chess Federation).
AS Ponta Leste
AS Ponta Leste is a professional football club based in Dili, East Timor. The team plays in the Liga Futebol Timor-Leste in the Primeira Divisão. The club's most successful season came in 2016 in which the team won the 2016 Taça 12 de Novembro after beating Assalam FC 1–0 in the final, as well as the Super Taça which they won against league champions Benfica Laulara 2–1. Since then however the team has yet to win any further competitions.

The club owned by Inácio Moreira the Vice-Minister of Public Works, Transport and Communications of Timor Leste and Osório Florindo the vice-president of Federação de Futebol de Timor-Leste.

2016 Taça 12 de Novembro
The 2016 Taça 12 de Novembro is the 4th staging of the Taça 12 de Novembro.

Aitana will enter as the defending champions after winning the 2015 edition by defeating Dili Institute of Technology (DIT) 3-2 in the final.

Ponta Leste won the title this season after beating Assalam 1-0 in the final.
Asymptotic freedom
In quantum field theory, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases. (Alternatively, and perhaps contrarily, in applying an S-matrix, asymptotically free refers to free particles states in the distant past or the distant future.)

Asymptotic freedom is a feature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental constituents of nuclear matter.  Quarks interact weakly at high energies, allowing perturbative calculations.  At low energies, the interaction becomes strong, leading to the confinement of quarks and gluons within composite hadrons.

The asymptotic freedom of QCD was discovered in 1973 by David Gross and Frank Wilczek,  
and independently by David Politzer in the same year. 
For this work all three shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Color confinement
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), color confinement or infrared slavery,: 1125  often simply called confinement, is the phenomenon that color-charged particles (such as quarks and gluons) cannot be isolated, and therefore cannot be directly observed in normal conditions below the Hagedorn temperature of approximately 2 terakelvin (corresponding to energies of approximately 130–140 MeV per particle).  Quarks and gluons must clump together to form hadrons. The two main types of hadron are the mesons (one quark, one antiquark) and the baryons (often three quarks or antiquarks, though other exotic variants exist).  In addition, colorless glueballs formed only of gluons are also consistent with confinement, though difficult to identify experimentally.  Quarks and gluons cannot be separated from their parent hadron without producing new hadrons.
Mesaba Co-op Park
Mesaba Co-op Park is a co-operative park located near Hibbing, Minnesota. It is one of the few remaining continuously operated co-operative parks in the country. A gathering place of the Finnish co-operative movement based on Finnish immigrants to the United States, the park served the ethnic political radicals who energized the Iron Range labor movement and Minnesota's Farmer–Labor Party. The member-owned park is open to the public.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Finnish Americans
Finnish Americans (Finnish: amerikansuomalaiset, pronounced [ˈɑmerikɑnˌsuo̯mɑlɑi̯set]) comprise Americans with ancestral roots in Finland, or Finnish people who immigrated to and reside in the United States. The Finnish-American population is around 650,000. Many Finnish people historically immigrated to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Iron Range of northern Minnesota to work in the mining industry; much of the population in these regions is of Finnish descent.
Xenodontolacerta
Xenodontolacerta (meaning "lizard with strange teeth") is an extinct genus of polyglyphanodontian lizard from the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian–Campanian ages) Hekou Formation of China. The genus contains a single species, Xenodontolacerta fangi, known from a partial skull and mandible. Its teeth are uniquely heterodont, more similar to polyglyphanodontians from North America than those in Asia. This unique tooth morphology suggests Xenodontolacerta was likely omnivorous, contrasting with its herbivorous contemporaries.

Hekou Formation
The Hekou Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation in China. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation. It is a unit of the Guifeng Group and dates to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur fossils from the formation include a nearly perfect oviraptorid embryo nicknamed Baby Yingliang, an unnamed large hadrosaurid, and hadrosauroid eggs with embryos. Mammal fossils include Erythrobaatar and Yubaatar qianzhouensis. The polyglyphanodontian lizards Xenodontolacerta and Yechilacerta has also been described from the formation.
.32 NAA
The .32 NAA is a cartridge/firearm 'system' designed and developed by the partnership of North American Arms and Corbon Ammunition. The cartridge is a .380 ACP case necked-down to hold a .32 caliber bullet with the goal of improved ballistic performance over the .32 ACP.

.32 ACP
.32 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol, also known as the .32 Auto, .32 Automatic, 7.65mm Browning, or 7.65×17mmSR) is a centerfire pistol cartridge. It is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled cartridge developed by firearms designer John Browning, initially for use in the FN M1900 semi-automatic pistol. It was introduced in 1899 by Fabrique Nationale.
Liberator Music
Liberator Music was a record label owned by the Mushroom Group. It was founded in 2006 by Nick Dunshea and Michael Gudinski in Melbourne. The label was the international recording division of the company and is home to artists such as Childish Gambino, CHVRCHES, alt-J, Andy Grammer, FIDLAR, Steve Aoki, Garbage, AJR, We The Kings, Wolf Alice, Kylie Minogue, Gengahr, Faith No More, Day Wave, Totally Enormous Extinct Dinosaurs, Fontaines D.C., and IDLES.

Liberator Music was merged into Mushroom Music in 2024.

Mushroom Group
Mushroom Group is the largest independent music and entertainment company in Australia. It comprises more than two dozen companies. It has offices in Melbourne, Sydney, and Auckland with over 200 employees.
JaQuori McLaughlin
JaQuori McLaughlin (born January 29, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Valley Suns of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Oregon State Beavers and the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos.

UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball
The UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball team is the basketball team that represents University of California, Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara, California, United States. The school's team competes in the Big West Conference. The current head coach is Joe Pasternack. The Gauchos have appeared seven times in the NCAA tournament, most recently in 2023.
Myriad Colors Phantom World
Myriad Colors Phantom World (無彩限のファントム・ワールド, Musaigen no Fantomu Wārudo) is a Japanese fantasy light novel series written by Sōichirō Hatano and illustrated by Shirabi. The series, set in the future Kamigyo ward, follows the accidental release of an unstable virus caused an epidemic that alters the human brain, leading to the creation of the beings called “phantoms”.

An anime television adaptation by Kyoto Animation aired from January to March 2016.

Kyoto Animation
Kyoto Animation Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社京都アニメーション, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kyōto Animēshon), often abbreviated KyoAni (京アニ, Kyōani), is a Japanese animation studio and light novel publisher located in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture. It was founded in 1981 by husband and wife Hideaki and Yoko Hatta, who remain its president and vice-president respectively, along with a number of Mushi Production staff members; although the present enterprise dates to July 12, 1985.

Kyoto Animation has produced anime films and series including The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (2006), Clannad (2007), K-On! (2009), Nichijou (2011), Free! (2013), Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions (2014), Sound! Euphonium (2015), A Silent Voice (2016), Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (2017) and Violet Evergarden (2018).
Queensgate Shopping Centre, New Zealand
Queensgate Shopping Centre (formerly Westfield Queensgate) is a medium sized shopping centre in central Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand. The centre first opened in October 1986, and underwent a large scale redevelopment that was completed in August 2006. The centre features over 130 speciality stores. The centre is anchored by Farmers, JB Hi-Fi, H&M, Bed Bath and Beyond, The Warehouse, Woolworths and Event Cinemas.

Event Cinemas
Greater Union Organisation Pty Ltd, trading as Event Cinemas, Moonlight Cinema and Birch Carroll & Coyle (BCC Cinemas), is the largest movie exhibitor in Australia and New Zealand, with over 140 cinema complexes currently operating worldwide.

The Greater Union Organisation is a subsidiary of EVT Limited (formerly known as Event Hospitality and Entertainment) which is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, a corporation that owns and operates brands in the entertainment, hospitality and leisure sectors, mainly within Australasia.
Bally's Chicago
Bally's Chicago is a casino and entertainment venue temporarily located in the Medinah Temple Building, and a planned integrated resort that will be built on the North Branch of the Chicago River in Chicago. In May 2022, then Mayor Lori Lightfoot approved Bally's Corporation's bid to construct a casino complex in the city. The complex will be in the city's River West neighborhood, near Grand Avenue, Chicago Avenue and Halsted Street. The plan was approved by the Chicago City Council in May 2022, and a State of Illinois gambling license was issued in 2023.  The integrated resort began construction in 2024, and is expected to open in 2026. Demolition of the old structures on site began in August 2024.

Medinah Temple
The Medinah Temple is a Moorish Revival building in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on the Near North Side at 600 N. Wabash Avenue, extending from Ohio Street to Ontario Street. It was designated a Chicago Landmark in 2000.

The Medinah Temple was built by the Shriners architects Huehl & Schmid in 1912 as a home for the Medinah Shriners with a large auditorium and meeting spaces. As of January 2025 it is the temporary home of Bally's Chicago casino, while the $1.7B permanent location is being constructed nearby.