hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Josh Lowenthal
Joshua Alder Lowenthal (born February 15, 1970) is an American business executive and politician from California serving as a member of the California State Assembly, representing the 69th district, based in Long Beach and Signal Hill. The son of politicians Bonnie and Alan Lowenthal, he was first elected in 2022 after a failed run for the State Assembly in 2018.

Bonnie Lowenthal
Bonnie Lowenthal (born February 19, 1940) is an American politician who represented California's 70th State Assembly district. Lowenthal also served on the Long Beach City Council prior to her service in the Assembly.  Lowenthal unsuccessfully ran for Mayor of Long Beach in 2014, failing to get past the primary nominating election, earning 19% of the vote.
Brighton Beach
Brighton Beach is a neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, within the greater Coney Island area along the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Brighton Beach is bounded by Coney Island proper at Ocean Parkway to the west, Manhattan Beach at Corbin Place to the east, Sheepshead Bay at the Belt Parkway to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south along the beach and boardwalk.

It is known for its high population of Russian-speaking immigrants, and as a summer destination for New York City residents due to its beaches along the Atlantic Ocean and its proximity to the amusement parks in Coney Island.

Brighton Beach is part of Brooklyn Community District 13, and its primary ZIP Code is 11235. It is patrolled by the 60th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Brighton Beach is represented by the New York City Council's 48th District.

Russian Americans in New York City
New York City is home to the largest Russian or Russophone population in the Western Hemisphere. The largest Russian-American communities in New York City are located in Brighton Beach and Sheepshead Bay in Brooklyn. Brighton Beach has been nicknamed Little Odessa due to its population of Russian-speaking immigrants from the former Soviet Union.
Lindy Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava
Serena Belinda Rosemary Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava (née Guinness; 25 March 1941 – 26 October 2020), also known as Lindy Dufferin or Lindy Guinness, was a British artist, conservationist and businesswoman. She was married to the fifth Marquess from 1964 until his death in 1988.

Sheridan Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
Sheridan Frederick Terence Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (9 July 1938 – 29 May 1988) was a British patron of the arts. Less formally, he was usually called Sheridan Dufferin.
Usho
Usho (اوشو, also spelled Ushu; from Gawri oš lit. 'cold, ice') is a village in the Usho Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is situated 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) from Kalam and 123 kilometers (76 mi) km from Mingora in the Swat Kohistan region, at the height of 2,300 meters (7,550 feet). Usho is mainly inhabited by the Gawri people.

It is known for its beautiful cloudy and rainy forest. Tourist attraction Mahodand lake is located 27 kilometers (17 mi) from there. In winter, the famous Ushu glacier blocks the only path to the Mahodand lake and this path is only opened again in Summer, when the snow of the glacier melts and the authorities wipe of the remaining snow from the road.

Mahodand Lake
Mahodand Lake (Urdu: مہوڈنڈ جھیل; Pashto: د ماهو ډنډ - "Lake of Fishes") is a lake located in the upper Usho Valley at a distance of about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Kalam in Upper Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The lake is accessible by a four-wheel drive vehicle, and is often utilized for fishing and boating.
Northern Province, Sri Lanka
The Northern Province (Tamil: வட மாகாணம் Vaṭa Mākāṇam; Sinhala: උතුරු පළාත Uturu Paḷāta) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 8,884 km2, making it the 3rd largest province by area, and a population of 1,150,148 making it the least populated province. Jaffna is the capital city of the province.

Between 1988 and 2006, the province was temporarily merged with the Eastern Province into one province, the North Eastern Province. Due to its large Tamil population, the Northern Province is sometimes referred to as "Sri Lanka's Tamil country". The majority of the fighting in the Sri Lankan Civil War took place in the Northern province.

Provinces of Sri Lanka
Provinces (Sinhala: පළාත, romanized: Paḷāta; Tamil: மாகாணம், romanized: Mākāṇam) are the first level administrative divisions of Sri Lanka. Currently, Sri Lanka is divided into 9 provinces. Each province is further divided into districts, which are further divided into divisional secretariats.

The provinces were first established by the British rulers of Ceylon in 1833. Over the next century, most of the administrative functions of the provinces were transferred to the districts, the second level administrative division of the country. By the middle of the 20th century, the provinces had become mostly ceremonial. This changed in 1987 when, following several decades of increasing demand for decentralization, the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils.
Fuso Ecanter
The Fuso Ecanter, also stylized as FUSO eCanter, is an electric truck in the class of light commercial vehicles produced by the Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation.

The Fuso Ecanter, a variant of the Fuso Canter, has a gross vehicle weight of 7.49 tonnes and a payload of 4.5 tons.

The electric motor has a power of 115 kW (154 hp). The light truck was first introduced in 2016 and the first units were delivered in 2017. Daimler initially produced 500 vehicles in 2017 and 2018 and planned to start mass production in 2019.

The Fuso Ecanter will also be sold in North America under the RIZON brand starting in 2023.

Mitsubishi Fuso Canter
The Mitsubishi Fuso Canter (Japanese: 三菱ふそう・キャンター, Hepburn: Mitsubishi Fusō Kyantā) is a line of light-duty commercial vehicles manufactured by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, part of Daimler Truck, subsidiary of Mercedes-Benz Group. The Canter is manufactured since 1963, now in its eighth generation. The Canter is named after the English word describing the gait of a horse, emphasising the "thoroughbred" nature of Mitsubishi trucks.

In Japan, its traditional competitors are the Isuzu Elf, the Toyota Dyna and the Nissan Atlas.
Buganda Agreement (1955)
The Buganda Agreement (1955) was made on 18 October 1955 between Andrew Cohen, the governor of the Uganda Protectorate, and Mutesa II, Kabaka of Buganda. The agreement facilitated Mutesa II's return as a constitutional monarch of Buganda, ending the Kabaka crisis that began when the Kabaka was exiled to England by Cohen in 1953. It amended the earlier Buganda Agreement (1900). The final text reflected the agreed outcomes of the Namirembe Conference.

Buganda Agreement (1900)
The Buganda Agreement (1900), signed in March 1900, formed the basis of British relations with the Kingdom of Buganda. The Kabaka of Buganda was recognised as ruler of the kingdom as long he remained faithful to the British monarch, and the Lukiko (council of chiefs) was given statutory recognition. This was following another agreement signed in 1894 in which Buganda, then known as Uganda, was declared a British protectorate. This agreement is also known as the Buganda Charter of Rights and was upheld for more than 50 years.
Street Fighter: The Movie (console video game)
Street Fighter: The Movie  is a 1995 fighting game developed and published by Capcom for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn, with the game serving as a North American launch title for the PlayStation. The game is based on the 1994 film Street Fighter, itself based on the fighting game series of the same name, and uses digitized images of the film's cast as the characters. While it shares its title with the arcade game Street Fighter: The Movie, the home version is not a port but a similar game developed on the same premise. The game was a commercial success but a critical failure, receiving negative reviews from critics.

Street Fighter: The Movie (arcade game)
Street Fighter: The Movie is a 1995 fighting game developed by Incredible Technologies and published by Capcom for arcades. The game is based on the 1994 film Street Fighter, itself based on the fighting game series of the same name, and uses digitized images of the film's cast. The game was widely panned by critics.

A home console video game, also titled Street Fighter: The Movie, was released for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn, it is not a port but a separately produced game based on the same premise.
United States declaration of war on Italy
On December 11, 1941, in response to the Italian declaration of war on the United States, four days following the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, and three days after the United States declaration of war on the Empire of Japan, the United States Congress passed the Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between The Government of Italy and the Government and the People of the United States and Making Provisions to Prosecute the Same, thereby declaring war against Italy. It also declared war upon Germany that same day. The vote was 90–0 in the Senate and 399–0 in the House.

United States declaration of war on Germany (1941)
On December 11, 1941, the United States Congress declared war on Germany (Pub. L. 77–331, Sess. 1, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796), hours after Germany declared war on the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. The vote was approved unanimously by both houses of Congress; 88–0 in the Senate and 393–0 in the House.
Arkansas Highway 122
Arkansas Highway 122 (AR 122, Hwy. 122) is an east–west state highway in Independence County, Arkansas. The route of 16.49 miles (26.54 km) runs from Highway 14 near Oil Trough north and east through Newark to Highway 25 near Cord.

Arkansas Highway 25
Arkansas Highway 25 is a north–south state highway in north central Arkansas. The route runs 127.36 miles (204.97 km) from U.S. Route 64 (US 64) in Conway north to US 63/US 412 in Black Rock through Heber Springs, Batesville, and the foothills of The Ozarks.
Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway
The Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway (Korean: 중부내륙고속도로) is an expressway in South Korea. Numbered 45, it was first constructed in three parts: connecting Yangpyeong to Chungju and Sangju to Gimcheon and Hyeonpung to Changwon. The part of the expressway between Chungju and Sangju was completed at the end of 2004, with the last remaining section being that between Gimcheon and Hyeonpung. The Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway Branch Line (a.k.a. Guma Expressway) is route number 451 and connects Hyeonpung to N. Daegu.

A speed zone exists from Exit 1 to Exit 13 (Masan-Gimcheon). The maximum speed is 100 km/h, and the minimum speed is 50 km/h. Another speed zone exists from north of exit 13 to exit 28 (Gimcheon-N. Yeoju). The maximum speed limit is 110 km/h, and the minimum speed limit is 50 km/h.

Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway Branch
The Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway Branch (Korean: 중부내륙고속도로지선) is an expressway in South Korea, connecting Dalseong County to Buk District, Daegu (30 km).  It is numbered 451 and was formerly named the Guma Expressway (구마고속도로).

Originally, this route was called Daegu–Masan section (86.4 km). Due to a reform of Korean expressway route numbers in August 2001, the Masan–Hyeonpung JCT section was incorporated into the Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway.

In 2008, the Guma Expressway changed its name to Jungbu Naeryuk Expressway Branch.
Five Domains model
The Five Domains model, sometimes given as Five Domains, is a model for assessing animal welfare. The Five Domains covered by the model are nutrition, environment, health, behaviour, and mental state. The first four domains (the physical domains) directly influence the fifth (the mental domain) which in turn directly impacts the welfare state of the animal. The Five Domains model was developed by David Mellor and Christopher Reid in response to perceived deficiencies with the Five Freedoms model and has since been adopted by a number of leading animal welfare organisations and animal welfare scientists.

Five Freedoms
The Five Freedoms, sometimes referred to as the Five Freedoms model, is a framework for assessing animal welfare that uses an outline of five aspects. All animals possess an inherent need for the freedom to turn around, groom and dry themselves, stand upright, lie down, and stretch their limbs. They were developed in response to a 1965 UK Government report on livestock husbandry, and were formalised in a 1979 press statement by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Council. They have been adopted by the European Union and in some other countries and endorsed by some professional groups including the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe, and organisations including the World Organisation for Animal Health, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
Fort Thayer
Fort Thayer was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today nothing remains of the structure.

Civil War Defenses of Washington
The Civil War Defenses of Washington were a group of Union Army fortifications that protected the federal capital city, Washington, D.C., from invasion by the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

Some of these fortifications are part of a grouping of properties now managed by the National Park Service (NPS) and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Others are parts of state, county, or city parks or are located on privately owned properties. A trail connecting the sites is part of the Potomac Heritage Trail.

Parts of the earthworks of some such fortifications still exist; others have been demolished. A 19.5-mile long trail connecting some of the forts was designated as a National Recreation Trail in 1971.
Vista Outdoor
Vista Outdoor Inc. was an American designer, manufacturer, and marketer that operated in two segments: shooting sports and outdoor products. It was a "house of brands" with more than 40 labels and subsidiaries.

Vista Outdoor was the parent company to many ammunition makers, including Federal, CCI, and Remington.

In November 2024, Vista Outdoor separated its outdoor products business into an independent, publicly traded company, Revelyst, and the shooting products business, named The Kinetic Group, became a wholly owned subsidiary of Czechoslovak Group. Revelyst was subsequently acquired by Strategic Value Partners in January 2025.

Federal Premium Ammunition
Federal Premium Ammunition is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Czechoslovak Group, located in Anoka, Minnesota.  With a workforce of nearly 1,500, Federal manufactures shotshell, centerfire, and rimfire ammunition and components.
Molon labe
Molṑn labé (Greek: μολὼν λαβέ, transl. "come and take [them]") is a Greek phrase attributed to Leonidas I of Sparta during his written correspondence with Xerxes I of Persia on the eve of the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC. A classical expression of defiance, it is among the Laconic phrases reported by the Greek historian Plutarch, and is said to have been Leonidas's response to Xerxes's demand that the Spartan army lay down their weapons and surrender to the Persian army during the second Persian invasion of Greece.

Leonidas I
Leonidas I (/liəˈnaɪdəs, -dæs/; Ancient Greek: Λεωνίδας, Leōnídas; born c. 540 BC; died 11 August 480 BC) was king of the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. He was the son of king Anaxandridas II and the 17th king of the Agiad dynasty, a Spartan royal house which claimed descent from Heracles. Leonidas I ascended to the throne in c. 489 BC, succeeding his half-brother king Cleomenes I. He ruled jointly along with king Leotychidas II until his death in 480 BC, when he was succeeded by his son, Pleistarchus.

At the Second Greco-Persian War, Leonidas led the allied Greek forces in a last stand at the Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC), attempting to defend the pass from the invading Persian army, and was killed early during the third and last day of the battle. Leonidas entered myth as a hero and the leader of the 300 Spartans who died in battle at Thermopylae. While the Greeks lost this battle, they were able to expel the Persian invaders in the following year.
156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade
The 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army. The brigade saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars with the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division.

52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division
The 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was originally formed as the Lowland Division, in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force. It later became the 52nd (Lowland) Division in 1915. The 52nd (Lowland) Division fought in the First World War before being disbanded, with the rest of the Territorial Force, in 1920.

The Territorial Force was later reformed as the Territorial Army and the division was again raised, during the inter-war years, as the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division - a 1st Line Territorial Army Infantry Division - and went on to serve during the Second World War.

By December 1947, the formation amalgamated with 51st (Highland) Infantry Division to become 51st/52nd Scottish Division, but, by March 1950, 51st Division and 52nd Division had been recreated as separate formations. 52nd (Lowland) Division finally disbanded in 1968.
Lisbon Academy of Sciences, Class of Letters
The Class of Letters (Portuguese: Classe de Letras) of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences holds an official consultative role on the Portuguese language in Portugal.

It was created by the queen Maria I of Portugal, on 24 December 1779, during the Age of Enlightenment.

It is based in Lisbon. The current president of the board is Adriano Moreira.

Lisbon Academy of Sciences
The Academy of Sciences of Lisbon (Portuguese: Academia das Ciências de Lisboa) is Portugal's national academy dedicated to the advancement of sciences and learning, with the goal of promoting academic progress and prosperity in Portugal. It is one of Portugal's most prestigious scientific authorities and the official regulator of the Portuguese language in Portugal, through its Class of Letters.
Burmish languages
The Burmish languages are a subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan languages consisting of Burmese (including Standard Burmese, Arakanese, and other Burmese dialects such as the Tavoyan dialects) as well as non-literary languages spoken across Myanmar and South China such as Achang, Lhao Vo, Lashi, and Zaiwa.

The various Burmish languages have a total of 35 million native speakers.

Zaiwa language
Zaiwa (autonym: tsau³¹va⁵¹; 载瓦; Burmese: ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီး) is a Burmish language spoken in parts of southwest China and eastern Burma. There are around 100,000 speakers. It is also known as Atsi, its name in Jingpo. Zaiwa may be spelled 'Tsaiva' or 'Tsaiwa', and Atsi may be spelled 'Aci', 'Aji', 'Atshi', 'Atzi' or 'Azi'. Other names include Atsi-Maru, Szi and Xiaoshanhua. Pela (Bola), with 400 speakers, was once classified as a dialect. From the 1950s Zaiwa was written using the Roman script. A Gospel of Mark was published in Zaiwa in 1938 in the Fraser alphabet and in 1951 in the Roman script.
Lake monster
A lake monster is a lake-dwelling creature in myth and folklore. The most famous example is the Loch Ness Monster. Depictions of lake monsters are often similar to those of sea monsters.

In the Motif-Index of Folk-Literature, entities classified as "lake monsters", such as the Scottish Loch Ness Monster, the American Chessie, and the Swedish Storsjöodjuret fall under B11.3.1.1. ("dragon lives in lake").

Loch Ness Monster
The Loch Ness Monster (Scottish Gaelic: Uilebheist Loch Nis), known affectionately as Nessie, is a mythical creature in Scottish folklore that is said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or more humps protruding from the water. Popular interest and belief in the creature has varied since it was brought to worldwide attention in 1933. Evidence of its existence is anecdotal, with a number of disputed photographs and sonar readings.

The scientific community explains alleged sightings of the Loch Ness Monster as hoaxes, wishful thinking, and the misidentification of mundane objects. The pseudoscience and subculture of cryptozoology has placed particular emphasis on the creature.
Deal railway station
Deal railway station serves Deal in Kent, England. The station and all trains serving it are operated by Southeastern.  The station is on the Kent Coast Line 9.5 miles (15.3 km) north east of Dover Priory and 86.75 miles (139.61 km) south east of London Charing Cross.

Dover Priory railway station
Dover Priory railway station is the southern terminus of the South Eastern Main Line. It is the main station serving the town of Dover, in Kent, England; the other is Kearsney, on the outskirts. It is 77 miles 26 chains (124.4 km) down the line from London Victoria. The station and all trains that serve the station are operated by Southeastern. It is a 25 min walk away from the Ferry Port.
Clanton, Alabama
Clanton is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham–Hoover–Cullman Combined Statistical Area. At the 2020 census, the population was 8,768. The city is the county seat of Chilton County. Clanton is near the site of the geographic center of the U.S. state of Alabama.

Chilton County, Alabama
Chilton County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,014. The county seat is Clanton. Its name is in honor of William Parish Chilton, Sr. (1810–1871), a lawyer who became Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court and later represented Montgomery County in the Congress of the Confederate States of America.

Chilton County is included in the Birmingham, Alabama, metropolitan area.

In 2010, the center of population of Alabama was located in Chilton County, near the city of Jemison, an area known as Jemison Division.

The county is known for its peaches and its unique landscape. It is home to swamps, prairies, and mountains due to the foothills of the Appalachians which end in the county, the Coosa River basin, and its proximity to the Black Belt Prairie that was long a center of cotton production.
Microsaccade
Microsaccades are a kind of fixational eye movement. They are small, jerk-like, involuntary eye movements, similar to miniature versions of voluntary saccades.  They typically occur during prolonged visual fixation (of at least several seconds), not only in humans, but also in animals with foveal vision (primates, cats, dogs etc.). Microsaccade amplitudes vary from 2 to 120 arcminutes. The first empirical evidence for their existence was provided by Robert Darwin, the father of Charles Darwin.

Saccade
In vision science, a saccade (/səˈkɑːd/ sə-KAHD; French: [sakad]; French for 'jerk') is a quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of focal points in the same direction. In contrast, in smooth-pursuit movements, the eyes move smoothly instead of in jumps. Controlled cortically by the frontal eye fields (FEF), or subcortically by the superior colliculus, saccades serve as a mechanism for focal points, rapid eye movement, and the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus. The word appears to have been coined in the 1880s by the French ophthalmologist Émile Javal, who used a mirror on one side of a page to observe eye movement in silent reading and found that it involves a succession of discontinuous individual movements. These movements quickly scan objects of attention and aid the brain in grasping a scene visually.