hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CIS at the Hopman Cup
The Commonwealth of Independent States (or CIS) is a regional organisation formed of former Soviet states that competed at the Hopman Cup in 1992. It reached the quarterfinal stage of the tournament.

Since 1992, four of the independent states which form the CIS have competed in the Hopman Cup individually. These are: Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Prior to 1992, they all competed as the Soviet Union.

Kazakhstan at the Hopman Cup
Kazakhstan is a nation that has competed at two Hopman Cup tournaments and first competed in the 22nd Hopman Cup in 2010. Its best result to date is finishing second in their group in 2010.

Before its dissolution, Kazakhstan used to form part of the Soviet Union which also competed at the Hopman Cup on two occasions in the early 1990s. Additionally, Kazakhstan is a member of the CIS which entered a team into the 1992 event.

Kazakhstan also participated a number of times in the now defunct Asian Hopman Cup, a qualifying tournament which ran from 2006 until 2009 and granted the winners entry into the Hopman Cup the following year. In 2008 and 2009 Kazakhstan hosted the event in Astana finishing as the runners-up to Chinese Taipei in 2008 and winning in 2009 to grant them access to the main tournament in Australia for the first time.
History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. "For two centuries – wrote Zvi Gitelman – millions of Jews had lived under one entity, the Russian Empire and its successor state the USSR. They had now come under the jurisdiction of fifteen states, some of which had never existed and others that had passed out of existence in 1939." Before the revolutions of 1989 which resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe, a number of these now sovereign countries constituted the component republics of the Soviet Union.

History of the Jews in Russia
The history of the Jews in Russia goes back to the beginnings of the Russian state. At one time, the Russian Empire hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories, the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, and they also faced periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecution, including violent pogroms.

Many analysts have documented a "renaissance" in the Jewish community inside Russia since the beginning of the 21st century; however, the Russian Jewish population has experienced precipitous decline since the dissolution of the USSR which continues to this day, although it is still among the largest in Europe.
The Bachelorette (American TV series) season 10
The tenth season of The Bachelorette premiered on May 19, 2014, and featured Andi Dorfman, a 27-year-old assistant district attorney from Atlanta, Georgia.  Dorfman finished in third place on season 18 of The Bachelor, featuring Juan Pablo Galavis, after she eliminated herself because of Galavis' behavior on their overnight date.

The season concluded on July 28, 2014, with Dorfman accepting a proposal from 29-year-old Josh Murray. They announced their break-up on January 8, 2015.

The Bachelor (American TV series) season 18
The eighteenth season of The Bachelor premiered on January 6, 2014. This season features 32-year-old Juan Pablo Galavis, a former Venezuelan professional soccer player from Miami, Florida. Galavis finished in seventh place on the ninth season of The Bachelorette featuring Desiree Hartsock. He is the first Latino lead. The season concluded on March 10, 2014, with Galavis choosing to pursue a relationship with 26-year-old pediatric nurse Nikki Ferrell. They ended their relationship in October 2014.

There are 4 Sunday special episodes during the month of January 2014  as follows:

January 5 – Countdown to Juan Pablo

January 12 – Behind the Scenes of this season
Shiny Entertainment
Shiny Entertainment, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Laguna Beach, California. Founded in October 1993 by David Perry, Shiny was the creator of video games such as Earthworm Jim, MDK and Enter the Matrix. Perry sold the company to Interplay Productions in 1995, which sold the studio to Infogrames, Inc. in 2002. After Foundation 9 Entertainment acquired Shiny in 2006, the company was merged with The Collective in October 2007, creating Double Helix Games.

The Collective (company)
The Collective, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Newport Beach, California. Founded in 1997 by ex-Virgin Entertainment employees, the company merged with Backbone Entertainment in 2005 to create Foundation 9 Entertainment. Under Foundation 9, The Collective was merged with Shiny Entertainment and into Double Helix Games in October 2007.
Standard instrument departure
Standard instrument departure (SID) routes are published flight procedures followed by aircraft on an IFR flight plan immediately after takeoff from an airport. SIDs are one of the two types of departure procedures (DP); the other type being Obstacle Departure Procedures.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
Grenfell Campus
Grenfell Campus, formerly Sir Wilfred Grenfell College, is a campus of the Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). It is located in the city of Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The campus has approximately 1,300 students enrolled in degree programs for the arts, education, fine arts, science, resource management and nursing.  Many students from around the province also attend the school for the first- and second-year course offerings before transferring to Memorial University's larger campus in St. John's.

Memorial University of Newfoundland
Memorial University of Newfoundland, or MUN (/mʌn/), is a public research university in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, based in St. John's, with satellite campuses in Corner Brook, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, and Harlow, England.  Memorial University offers certificate, diploma, undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate programs, as well as online courses and degrees.

Founded in September 1925 as a memorial to Newfoundlanders and Labradorians who died in the First World War, Memorial is the largest university in Atlantic Canada; it is also Newfoundland and Labrador's only university. As of 2018, there were 1,330 faculty and 2,474 staff, supporting 18,000 students from nearly 100 countries.
Border Field State Park
Border Field State Park is a state park of California, United States, containing beach and coastal habitat on the Mexico–United States border.  The park is within the city limits of Imperial Beach in San Diego County, next to the suburb of Playas de Tijuana in Mexico. It contains the southernmost point in the state of California. The refuge forms the southern part of Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve.

Border Field State Park contains Friendship Park, which is just inland from the place where the border meets the ocean. Immediately adjacent is the Initial Point of Boundary Between U.S. and Mexico.

Initial Point of Boundary Between U.S. and Mexico
The Initial Point of Boundary Between U.S. and Mexico (Monument No. 258) is the westernmost boundary marker on the international boundary between the United States and Mexico and as such has since its erection marked the southwestern corner of the Continental United States.  According to the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the initial border point is set as one marine league (three nautical miles) south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, and the border proceeds in a straight line towards the confluence of the Colorado River and the Gila River.

The significance of the monument is stated in the inscription on the west side of the original marble shaft:

"Initial point of Boundary between the United States and Mexico, established by the Joint Commission, 10 October, A.D. 1849, Agreeably to the Treaty dated at the City of Guadalupe, Hidalgo, February 2, A.D. 1848. John B. Weller, U.S. Commissioner. Andrew B. Gray, U.S. Surveyor."
Chiribaya culture
The Chiribaya culture flourished near the coast of southern Peru and adjacent Chile from 700 CE until Spanish settlement in the late 16th century.  The classic phase of the Chiribaya culture was from 1000 CE until 1360 CE.  The Chiribaya culture consisted of both maritime settlements along 220 kilometres (140 mi) of the Pacific Ocean coast and agricultural settlements inland in valleys of the Osmore  and Tambo rivers in Peru and the Lluta river and Azapa Valley in Chile.

The lower Osmore valley, one of the centers of the Chiribaya culture, has been extensively studied by archaeologists because  it appears to have been colonized by both the Wari and Tihuanco empires and the later Lupaca people and the Inca Empire.  These highland empires relied on the lower-altitude valleys to supply them with agricultural products such as maize and chile peppers.

Lupaca
The Lupaca, Lupaka, or Lupaqa people were one of the divisions of the ancestral Aymaras.  The Lupaca lived for many centuries near Lake Titicaca in Peru and their lands possibly extended into Bolivia. The Lupacas and other Aymara peoples formed powerful kingdoms after the collapse of the Tiwanaku Empire in the 11th century. In the mid 15th century they were conquered by the Inca Empire and in the 1530s came under the control of the Spanish Empire.

The residence of the pre-Inca kings of Lupaca was probably what is today the archaeological site of Cutimbo. The capital of the Inca province was Chucuito, presently a village of the same name where the archaeological site of Inca Uyu is located.
Coefficient of variation
In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), percent RMS, and relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution. It is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation  to the mean  (or its absolute value, ), and often expressed as a percentage ("%RSD").

The CV or RSD is widely used in analytical chemistry to express the precision and repeatability of an assay. It is also commonly used in fields such as engineering or physics when doing quality assurance studies and ANOVA gauge R&R, by economists and investors in economic models, in epidemiology, and in psychology/neuroscience.

Root mean square deviation
The root mean square deviation (RMSD) or root mean square error (RMSE) is either one of two closely related and frequently used measures of the differences between true or predicted values on the one hand and observed values or an estimator on the other.
The deviation is typically simply a differences of scalars; it can also be generalized to the vector lengths of a displacement, as in the bioinformatics concept of root mean square deviation of atomic positions.
Sid Miller (politician)
Sidney Carroll Miller (born September 6, 1955) is an American politician from Stephenville, Texas. He is the Texas Agriculture Commissioner, serving since January 2015. He is a Republican.

From 2001 to 2013, Miller served in the Texas House of Representatives for District 59 in central Texas, being unseated in the Republican runoff election held on July 31, 2012, by physician J. D. Sheffield.

He has been criticized for his promotion of right-wing conspiracy theories and falsehoods.

J. D. Sheffield
Jesse David Sheffield II, known as J. D. Sheffield (born August 13, 1960), is a physician from Gatesville, Texas, who was a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives.

On July 14, 2020, Sheffield was defeated in his re-election effort by Stephenville, Texas attorney Shelby Slawson by over 20% in the Republican primary runoff.
Nicholas Chia
Nicholas Gerald Chia Yeck Joo (8 April 1938 – 17 December 2024) was a Singaporean Roman Catholic prelate who was the third Archbishop of Singapore and the first Singapore-born clergyman to hold the office.

On 7 October 2001, Chia was ordained as Archbishop of Singapore. He officially retired as Archbishop of Singapore on 18 May 2013, and was succeeded by Archbishop William Goh.

William Goh
William Goh Seng Chye (born 25 June 1957) is a Singaporean prelate of the Catholic Church who has been serving as the fourth Archbishop of Singapore since 2013. He was made a cardinal by Pope Francis on 27 August 2022.
Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front
Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front, also known as Commissariat of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front was a civil authority of the territories controlled by Second Polish Republic but not incorporated into the state itself, that was formed during the Polish–Soviet War in 1920. It was formed on 17 January 1920 from the Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands and included Volhynian District and the surrounding area. In the summer of 1920, forces of Russian SFSR had conquered the area. After part of the area was reconquered by Poland, the administration was formally disestablished on 9 September 1920, and replaced by the Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories.

Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands
Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands was a civil authority of the territories controlled by Second Polish Republic but not incorporated into the state itself, that was formed during the Polish–Soviet War in 1919 and existed until 1920. It was formed on 19 February 1919 from the territories taken by Poland during the war, that were previously occupied by the Russian SFSR. In the summer of 1920, forces of Russian SFSR had conquered the area. After part of the area was reconquered by Poland, the administration was formally disestablished on 9 September 1920, and replaced by the Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories.
Annie Henrietta Yule
Annie Henrietta Yule, Lady Yule (née Yule; 1 August 1874 – 14 July 1950) was a British film financier and a breeder of Arabian horses. She co-founded the British National Films Company and Hanstead Stud, and commissioned the superyachts of her day.

Hanstead Stud
The Hanstead Stud was a breeding farm in England for Arabian horses. It was active from 1928 to 1957, and its animals had a significant impact in many countries, "second only in importance to" Crabbet Arabian Stud. It was based at Hanstead Park, a country house estate near St Albans in Hertfordshire, not far from London.
Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium
The Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium (French: Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique [akademi ʁwajal de sjɑ̃s de lɛtʁ e de boz‿aʁ də bɛlʒik], sometimes referred to as La Thérésienne [la teʁezjɛn]) is the independent learned society of science and arts of the French Community of Belgium. One of Belgium's numerous academies, it is the French-speaking counterpart of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts. In 2001 both academies founded a joint association for the purpose of promoting science and arts on an international level: The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB). All three institutions are located in the same building, the Academy Palace in Brussels.

Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts
The Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts (Dutch: Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten, pronounced [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈvlaːmsə ˌaːkaːˈdeːmi vɑm ˈbɛlɣijə voːr ˈʋeːtənˌsxɑpə(n) ɛn ˈkʏnstə(n)], abbr. KVAB) is an independent learned society of science and arts of the Flemish Community in Belgium. It is one of Belgium's numerous academies and traces its origin to 1772 when the Imperial and Royal Academy of Brussels was founded by empress Maria Theresia.

The academy is headquartered in the Academy Palace (Paleis der Academiën), Hertogsstraat 1, 1000 Brussels.
Peter Knight (musician)
Peter Knight (born 12 March 1965) is an Australian musician, composer and producer. He was the Artistic Director and co-CEO of the Australian Art Orchestra from 2013 to 2023 and founding member of Melbourne group Way Out West., 5+2 Brass Ensemble, and Hand to Earth

He is well known for his solo releases, 'Shadow Phase' (2022 ROOM40), Fish Boast of Fishing (2011) and Allotrope (2012) and composition for theatre in particular with performance maker Tamara Saulwick.

More recently he has composed for film including Paul Goldman's feature Kid Snow which he composed with violinist Warren Ellis (musician).

Way Out West (jazz group)
Way Out West are an Australian jazz group, formed in 2001. They originated in the western suburbs of Melbourne and are noted for their unusual instrumentation which includes West African drumming, and many traditional Vietnamese string instruments such as a dan tranh, dan nguyet and dan bau.

The band has performed at major international festivals such as the Montreal Jazz Festival, Vancouver Jazz Festival, and Veneto Jazz Festival.
Wellington Dias (politician)
José Wellington Barroso de Araújo Dias, known as Wellington Dias, (born 5 March 1962, in Oeiras, Piauí) is a Brazilian politician, Governor of Piauí, and a former federal Senator representing Piauí. He is a member of the Workers' Party.

He is married to Rejane Dias, a member of the Legislative Assembly of Piauí from 2011 to 2015 and the First Lady of Piauí from 2003 to 2010.

Rejane Dias
Rejane Ribeiro Sousa Dias (born 4 September 1972) is a Brazilian politician serving as a counsellor of the Court of Accounts of Piauí since 2023. From 2015 to 2023, she was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. She is married to Wellington Dias and served as first lady of Piauí during his tenure as governor.
Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
Pierre Gaspard Anaxagore Chaumette (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ɡaspaʁ anaksaɡɔʁ ʃomɛt]; 24 May 1763 – 13 April 1794) was a French politician of the Revolutionary period who served as the president of the Paris Commune and played a leading role in the establishment of the Reign of Terror. He was a leader of the radical Hébertistes of the revolution, an ardent critic of Christianity who was one of the leaders of the dechristianization of France. His radical positions resulted in his alienation from Maximilien Robespierre, and he was arrested and executed.

Hébertists
The Hébertists (French: Hébertistes, [e.bɛʁ.tist]), or Exaggerators (French: Exagérés), were a radical revolutionary political group associated with the populist journalist Jacques Hébert, a member of the Cordeliers club. They came to power during the Reign of Terror and played a significant role in the French Revolution.

The Hébertists were ardent supporters of the dechristianization of France and of extreme measures in service of the Terror, including the Law of Suspects enacted in 1793. They favoured the direct intervention of the state in economic matters in order to ensure the adequate supply of commodities, advocating the national requisition of wine and grain.

The leaders went to the guillotine on 24 March 1794.
WBBL (AM)
WBBL was a radio station in Richmond, Virginia, United States, which broadcast from 1924 until 1989, although the silenced station was not formally deleted until 1994. For its entire existence, it was owned by the Grace Covenant Presbyterian Church. WBBL was Richmond's oldest radio station and the second-oldest station in Virginia. The station operated part-time throughout its existence, broadcasting the church's Sunday daytime services plus Sunday night programming.

Beginning in 1945, WBBL shared time with, and used the transmitter of, WLEE, which began operating on 1450 kHz that year and moved to 1480 kHz in 1950. From 1945 to 1989, WBBL's schedule totaled two hours and 15 minutes per week. WLEE was shut down for economic reasons at the end of 1988, taking WBBL off the air with it following two final church service broadcasts made in January 1989. After WBBL's silencing, Grace Covenant arranged to have its services carried by other local stations.

WLEE (1480 AM)
WLEE (1480 AM) was a radio station in Richmond, Virginia, United States. Last owned by Gilcom Corporation of Virginia, the station broadcast an adult standards format before closing. It broadcast from October 1, 1945, to December 31, 1988. The frequency was shared with WBBL, which primarily served to broadcast the services of Grace Covenant Presbyterian Church; for its entire history, WBBL programs were broadcast on WLEE's transmitter.

Established by Thomas Garland Tinsley, the station emerged as one of Richmond's most popular radio stations and as its leading Top 40 station from the 1960s through the mid-1970s. However, as music listening shifted to the FM band, its audience fell, and by the time it was closed, it had not made money in a decade. Delays in approval for a reconfigured transmitter setup at its site off Broad Street in Richmond caused a potential buyer to walk away and led to the decision to shut it down.
Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.

Colorado River Indian Tribes
The Colorado River Indian Tribes (Mohave: Aha Havasuu, Navajo: Tó Ntsʼósíkooh Bibąąhgi Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bináhásdzo) is a federally recognized tribe consisting of the four distinct ethnic groups associated with the Colorado River Indian Reservation: the Mohave, Chemehuevi, Hopi, and Navajo. The tribe has about 4,277 enrolled citizens. A total population of 9,485 currently resides within the tribal reservation according to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey data.