hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dr. Who (Dalek films)
Doctor Who is a character based on the Doctor, the protagonist featuring in the long-running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who.

The character, portrayed by Peter Cushing, appeared in two films produced by AARU Productions, Dr. Who and the Daleks (1965) and Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966). Plans for a third film were abandoned following the poor box office reception for the second film.

Cushing made no mention of the films in his autobiography, although he kept a collection of newspaper clippings about them in a scrapbook.

The Doctor
The Doctor, sometimes known as Doctor Who, is the protagonist of the long-running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. An extraterrestrial Time Lord, the Doctor travels the universe in a time travelling spaceship called the TARDIS, often with companions. Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by fourteen lead actors. The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of regeneration, a biological function of Time Lords that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a mortal injury.

A number of other actors have played the character in stage and audio plays, as well as in various film and television productions. The Doctor has also been featured in films and a vast range of spin-off novels, audio dramas and comic strips.

Ncuti Gatwa most recently portrayed the Fifteenth Doctor from "The Giggle" (2023) up to "The Reality War" (2025).
Makassan contact with Australia
Makassar people from the region of Sulawesi in  Indonesia began visiting the coast of Northern Australia sometime around the middle of the 18th century, first in the Kimberley region, and some decades later in Arnhem Land. They were men who collected and processed trepang (also known as sea cucumber), a marine invertebrate prized for its culinary value generally and for its supposed medicinal properties in Chinese markets. The term Makassan (or Macassan) is generally used to apply to all the trepangers who came to Australia.

Trepanging
Trepanging is the act of collection or harvesting of sea cucumbers, known in Indonesian as trepang, Malay těripang, and used as food.

The collector, or fisher, of trepang is a trepanger.

Trepanging is comparable to clamming, crabbing, lobstering, musseling, shrimping and other forms of "fishing" whose goal is the acquisition of edible invertebrates rather than fish.
The Giant Company
The Giant Company (formerly known as Giant Food Stores) is an American regional supermarket chain that operates in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia under the Giant and Martin's brands. It is a subsidiary of Ahold Delhaize, and headquartered in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. As of May 2025, the company operated 193 stores, 133 pharmacies, and 107 fuel stations. The chain also provides online shopping and delivery to New Jersey through Giant Direct.

The Giant Company is often known as Giant-Carlisle or Giant/Martin's to distinguish it from Giant Food, a Maryland-headquartered sister chain also owned by Ahold Delhaize and often referred to as Giant-Landover.

Giant Food (Landover)
Giant Food of Maryland, LLC is an American regional supermarket chain with 166 stores located in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. It is a subsidiary of Ahold Delhaize, and headquartered in unincorporated Prince George's County, Maryland, near Landover.

Giant Food is also known in business context as Giant-Landover, to avoid confusion with The Giant Company, a Pennsylvania-based sister chain also owned by Ahold Delhaize and often referred to as Giant-Carlisle.
Podman
Podman (pod manager) is an open source Open Container Initiative (OCI)-compliant container management tool created by Red Hat used for handling containers, images, volumes, and pods on the Linux operating system, with support for macOS and Microsoft Windows via a virtual machine. Based on the libpod library, it offers APIs for the lifecycle management of containers, pods, images, and volumes. The API is identical to the Docker API. Podman Desktop provides an alternative to Docker Desktop.

Docker (software)
Docker is a set of products that uses operating system-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. Docker automates the deployment of applications within lightweight containers, enabling them to run consistently across different computing environments.

The core software that runs and manages these containers is called Docker Engine. Docker was first released in 2013 and continues to be developed by Docker, Inc. The platform includes both free and paid tiers.
Margrave
In the German nobility, margrave was a rank equivalent to marquess. It originated as the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Empire and the title came to be borne by rulers of some Imperial principalities until the abolition of the Empire in 1806 (e.g., Margrave of Brandenburg, Margrave of Baden). Thereafter, those domains (originally known as marks or marches, later as margraviates or margravates) were absorbed into larger realms or the titleholders adopted titles indicative of full sovereignty.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Integral probability metric
In probability theory, integral probability metrics are types of distance functions between probability distributions, defined by how well a class of functions can distinguish the two distributions. Many important statistical distances are integral probability metrics, including the Wasserstein-1 distance and the total variation distance. In addition to theoretical importance, integral probability metrics are widely used in areas of statistics and machine learning.

The name "integral probability metric" was given by German statistician Alfred Müller; the distances had also previously been called "metrics with a  ζ-structure."

Wasserstein metric
In mathematics, the Wasserstein distance or Kantorovich–Rubinstein metric is a distance function defined between probability distributions on a given metric space . It is named after Leonid Vaseršteĭn.

Intuitively, if each distribution is viewed as a unit amount of earth (soil) piled on , the metric is the minimum "cost" of turning one pile into the other, which is assumed to be the amount of earth that needs to be moved times the mean distance it has to be moved.  This problem was first formalised by Gaspard Monge in 1781.  Because of this analogy, the metric is known in computer science as the earth mover's distance.
Rec 4: Apocalypse
Rec 4: Apocalypse (stylized as [•REC]⁴; subtitled in some countries as Apocalypse) is a 2014 Spanish action horror film, and the fourth and final installment of the Rec film series. The film is a direct sequel to Rec 2, taking place immediately after the events of the second film. Jaume Balagueró, the director of the first two installments, returns alongside actress Manuela Velasco, who reprises her role of the imperiled reporter Ángela Vidal. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2014 and screened at the 2014 Sitges Film Festival on 3 October, before being released in Spain on 31 October.

The film was released in the United States by Magnet Releasing on 2 January 2015, both theatrically and on VOD.

Rec 2
Rec 2 (stylized as [•REC]²) is a 2009 Spanish found footage zombie film directed by Jaume Balagueró and Paco Plaza. It is a sequel to the 2007 film Rec and the second installment of the Rec film series. The story takes place immediately after the events of the first film and follows a team of soldiers assigned to protect a scientist supposedly sent to investigate the cause of the outbreak, but who clearly knows more about it than he claims.

Several actors from the first film reprise their roles, mostly briefly appearing as infected versions of their characters. The film was followed by Rec 3: Genesis - the events of which take place contemporaneously with Rec and Rec 2 - and later by Rec 4: Apocalypse.
Fairchild BQ-3
The Fairchild BQ-3, also known as the Model 79, was an early expendable unmanned aerial vehicle – referred to at the time as an "assault drone" – developed by Fairchild Aircraft from the company's AT-21 Gunner advanced trainer during the Second World War for use by the United States Army Air Forces. Two examples of the type were built and flight-tested, but the progress of guided missiles rendered the assault drone quickly obsolete, and the type was not produced.

Fairchild AT-21 Gunner
The Fairchild AT-21 was an American World War II specialized bomber crew trainer, intended to train crews in the use of power gun turrets or a gun on a flexible mount, as well as learn to function as a member of a crew. It had a brief career as a training aircraft before modified bombers took over this role.
Bureau of Construction and Repair
The Bureau of Construction and Repair (BuC&R) was the part of the United States Navy which from 1862 to 1940 was responsible for supervising the design, construction, conversion, procurement, maintenance, and repair of ships and other craft for the Navy. The bureau also managed shipyards, repair facilities, laboratories, and shore stations.

On 20 June 1940, Congress passed a law which consolidated the Bureau's functions with those of the Bureau of Engineering (BuEng), creating the Bureau of Ships (BuShips).

Bureau of Steam Engineering
The Bureau of Steam Engineering was a bureau of the United States Navy, created by the act of 5 July 1862, receiving some of the duties of the former Bureau of Construction, Equipment and Repair. It became, by the Naval Appropriation Act of 4 June 1920, the Bureau of Engineering (BuEng). In 1940 it combined with the Bureau of Construction and Repair (BuC&R) and became the Bureau of Ships (BuShips).
Credit assistant
A credit assistant is a person employed by an organization to provide support services to credit managers, credit analysts and other members of the credit department. This position is often entry level. Job responsibilities may include:

Collections

Gathering credit reports, financial histories and other data for credit analysts

Verifying credit reference information

Customer service

Credit analyst
A credit analyst
is a person employed by an organization to analyze the credit worthiness of customers and potential customers, 
and to assist in the ongoing management, classification and quantification of credit risk thereafter. 
See Credit analysis § Role and Financial analyst  § Corporate and other for discussion.
In May 2015, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 70,840 people employed as credit analysts. The salary for this position ranged from $40,250 to $134,080 with a mean average wage of $79,720.
K shortest path routing
The k shortest path routing problem is a generalization of the shortest path routing problem in a given network. It asks not only about a shortest path but also about next k−1 shortest paths (which may be longer than the shortest path). A variation of the problem is the loopless k shortest paths.

Finding k shortest paths is possible by extending Dijkstra's algorithm or the Bellman-Ford algorithm.

Shortest path problem
In graph theory, the shortest path problem is the problem of finding a path between two vertices (or nodes) in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized.

The problem of finding the shortest path between two intersections on a road map may be modeled as a special case of the shortest path problem in graphs, where the vertices correspond to intersections and the edges correspond to road segments, each weighted by the length or distance of each segment.
Tanegashima (gun)
Tanegashima (種子島), most often called in Japanese and sometimes in English hinawajū (火縄銃, "matchlock gun"), was a type of matchlock-configured arquebus firearm introduced to Japan through the Portuguese Empire in 1543. It was used by the samurai class and their ashigaru "foot soldiers", and within a few years its introduction in battle changed the way war was fought in Japan forever. It, however, could not completely replace the yumi (longbow). Although the Japanese developed various techniques to improve the gun's shortcomings, specifically its slow rate of fire and inability to fire in the rain, it remained inferior to the yumi in these respects, and the latter continued to be an important weapon on the battlefield. After Tokugawa Ieyasu destroyed the Toyotomi clan in the siege of Osaka and established the Tokugawa shogunate, the relatively peaceful Edo period arrived, and the use of  tanegashima declined.

Yumi
Yumi (弓) is the Japanese term for a bow. As used in English, yumi refers more specifically to traditional Japanese asymmetrical bows, and includes the longer daikyū (大弓) and the shorter hankyū (半弓) used in the practice of kyūdō and kyūjutsu, or Japanese archery.

The yumi was an important weapon of the samurai warrior during the feudal period of Japan. It is typically shot with Japanese arrows known as ya.

The most famous style of yumi is an asymmetrically shaped long bow with a length of more than 2 m (6 ft 7 in), characterized by the archer holding the part of the bow below the center to shoot the arrow.
Kalduny
Kalduny or kolduny (Belarusian: калдуны́, Polish: kołduny, Lithuanian: koldūnai) are dumplings stuffed with meat, mushrooms or other ingredients, made in Belarusian, Lithuanian, and Polish cuisines, akin to the Polish pierogi, Russian pelmeni and the Ukrainian varenyky.

In Slavic languages the word means “magicians” or “sorcerers”, but it is unclear how the word became associated with the dish.

Pierogi
Pierogi (/pɪˈroʊɡi/ pirr-OH-ghee; Polish: [pjɛˈrɔɡʲi] ⓘ, sg. pieróg [ˈpjɛruk] ⓘ) are filled dumplings made by wrapping unleavened dough around a filling and cooking in boiling water. They are occasionally flavored with a savory or sweet garnish. Typical fillings include potato and twaróg cheese, sauerkraut, ground meat, mushrooms, fruits, or berries. Savory pierogi are often served with a topping of sour cream, fried onions, or both.

Dumplings under the name pierogi are a traditional Polish dish, holding considerable culinary significance in Poland. The recipe itself dates back to at least 1682, when Poland's first cookbook, Compendium ferculorum, albo Zebranie potraw, was published. Pierogi are also popular in modern-day Canadian and American cuisines.
13th Regiment Armory
The 13th Regiment Armory is a historic armory designed by architect Rudolph L. Daus and built in 1892–1894.  It is located at 357 Marcus Garvey Boulevard (also known as Sumner Avenue) between Putnam and Jefferson Avenues in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City.

The armory building is currently used as the Pamoja House (also known as Sumner House Shelter Care Center for Men), a homeless shelter for men managed by Black Veterans for Social Justice, Inc. and supervised by the New York City Department of Homeless Services. The Pamoja House is named for the Swahili word for "together".

The armory's design is expansive yet austere. According to Francis Morrone, "Something, perhaps the busy-ness or a greater stridency in the machicolations, makes this armory seem more forbidding than the 23rd Regiment's which is actually rather jolly."

23rd Regiment Armory
The 23rd Regiment Armory, also known as the Bedford Atlantic Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located at 1322 Bedford Avenue between Atlantic Avenue and Pacific Street in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The building is a brick and stone castle-like structure designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe.  It was built in 1891–1895 and was designed in the Romanesque Revival style by Fowler & Hough, local Brooklyn architects, and Isaac Perry, the New York state government's architect.

The structure was originally built for the 23rd Regiment of the New York State Militia. Since the 1980s, it has been in use as a men's homeless shelter, though in the 2010s, there were plans to redevelop the armory.

The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1977, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Radio 1 Breakfast
Radio 1 Breakfast, also known as The Radio 1 Breakfast Show, is BBC Radio 1's flagship morning show currently hosted by Greg James and broadcast since its launch on 30 September 1967.

The show ran six days a week until February 1968 (see BBC Genome Project Archived 3 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine), then five days a week until June 2018, when the Friday show was dropped and incorporated into the station's weekend schedule, hosted by former Weekend Breakfast hosts Matt Edmondson & Mollie King. In January 2021, the show returned to broadcasting five days per week.

Radio 1's Weekend Breakfast Show
Radio 1's Weekend Breakfast Show is a radio show that is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 on weekends. It's currently hosted by James Cusack from MediaCity in Salford.

Weekend Breakfast was an extension of Radio 1 Breakfast which, before June 2018, aired on weekdays from 6:30 to 10am, while the weekend show aired on Saturdays and Sundays. In June 2018, Radio 1 decided to incorporate the Friday breakfast show into the station's weekend schedule, using the weekend presenters. In November 2020, the BBC announced changes to the Radio 1 schedules, meaning Matt Edmondson and Mollie King would move from weekend breakfast to weekend afternoons to replace Dev, who left the station in December 2020, and that the weekend breakfast show would only be broadcast on weekends. As of January 2021, they started airing on Fridays as well.
Westland Helicopters
Westland Helicopters was a British aircraft manufacturer. Originally Westland Aircraft, the company focused on helicopters after the Second World War.  It was amalgamated with several other British firms in 1960 and 1961.

In 2000, it merged with Italian helicopter manufacturer Agusta to form AgustaWestland. In 2016, AgustaWestland merged into Leonardo, where it became the company's helicopters division under the Leonardo Helicopters brand.

AgustaWestland
AgustaWestland was an Anglo-Italian helicopter design and manufacturing company, which was a wholly owned subsidiary of Finmeccanica (now known as Leonardo). It was formed in July 2000 as an Anglo-Italian multinational company, when Finmeccanica and GKN merged their respective helicopter subsidiaries (Agusta and Westland Helicopters) to form AgustaWestland, with each holding a 50% share. Finmeccanica acquired GKN's stake in AgustaWestland in 2004.

In 2016, AgustaWestland was merged into Leonardo S.p.A. (formerly Finmeccanica), where it became the company's helicopters division under the Leonardo Helicopters brand.
Lord Lieutenant of Humberside
The Lord Lieutenants of Humberside.

The office was created on 1 April 1974, and abolished on 31 March 1996.

In 1996 the Lord Lieutenancy of the East Riding of Yorkshire was restored, covering what was northern Humberside. The southern part was ceded back to the Lord Lieutenancy of Lincolnshire.

Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire
This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant for the East Riding of Yorkshire. The office was established after the English Restoration in 1660, when a Lord Lieutenant was appointed for each Riding of Yorkshire. Since 1721, all Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of the East Riding of Yorkshire, and for part of the period also Lieutenants of the Town and County of the Town of Kingston upon Hull. It was abolished on 31 March 1974 with the creation of the county of Humberside, but was re-created upon the abolition of Humberside on 1 April 1996.
F.C. Magpies
Football Club Magpies, also known as FC Magpies, is a semi-professional football team from Gibraltar. They play in the Gibraltar Football League and the Rock Cup. From 1 June 2025, Calpe City became part of the club, following a merger with Calpe City, with the new club commencing play in the 2026–27 season.

Calpe City Magpies F.C.
Calpe City Magpies F.C.  are a semi-professional football team from Gibraltar. They play in the Gibraltar Football League and contest the Rock Cup.

The club announced on 6 April 2025. it will merge on 1 June 2025 with Calpe City, a sports club which participates in various sport disciplines to strengthen not only its youth football, but also to promote cross-training with other sports disciplines. The club will continue to operate as FCB Magpies in the 2025–26 season before commencing play as Calpe City Magpies in 2026.
Setagaya Line
The Setagaya Line (Japanese: 世田谷線, Hepburn: Setagaya-sen) is a light rail line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyu Corporation. It connects Sangen-jaya to Shimo-takaido in Setagaya, Tokyo.

Unlike other Tokyu lines that are heavy rail commuter lines, the Setagaya Line is governed under the Tramways Act (軌道法, kidou-hou) of the Japanese government. Despite this, the entire line is located on its own right-of-way because it is a branch line of the former Tamagawa Line (玉川線), which is not the same line as the present-day Tōkyū Tamagawa Line.

Den-en-toshi Line
The Den-en-toshi Line (田園都市線, Den'entoshi-sen; "Garden City Line") is a major commuter line operated by the private railway operator Tokyu Corporation and connecting south-western suburbs of Tokyo and neighboring Kanagawa Prefecture, with its western terminus of Chūō-Rinkan, to a major railway junction of western downtown Tokyo, Shibuya. At Shibuya, nearly all the trains continue on the Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line. With a route length of 31.5 km (19.6 mi), it is the longest railway line operated by Tokyu Corporation.

The line's color on maps and station guides is green, and stations carry the prefix "DT" followed by a number.
Trifolium dubium
Trifolium dubium, the lesser trefoil, suckling clover, little hop clover or lesser hop trefoil, is a flowering plant in the pea and clover family Fabaceae. This species is generally accepted as the primary plant to represent the traditional Irish shamrock.

It is native to Europe, but can be found in many parts of the world as an introduced species.

It is probably an allotetraploid with 2n=32 that arose from the crossing of Trifolium campestre and T. micranthum.

Trifolium campestre
Trifolium campestre, commonly known as hop trefoil, field clover and low hop clover, is a species of flowering plant native to Europe and western Asia, growing in dry, sandy grassland habitats, fields, woodland margins, roadsides, wastelands and cultivated land. The species name campestre means "of the fields".
Raisin
A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. The word raisin is commonly used for the dried dark-colored seedless grape, while sultana is a golden-colored dried grape, and currant is a dried small Black Corinth seedless grape.

Sultana (grape)
The sultana is a "white" (pale green), oval seedless grape variety also called the sultanina, Thompson Seedless (United States), Lady de Coverly (England), and oval-fruited Kishmish (Iraq, Iran, Palestine, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India). It is also known as a grape found in İzmir, or Manisa in Turkey, since this variety has been extensively grown in the region around those cities. It is assumed to originate from Asia Minor, which later became part of the Ottoman Empire.

In some countries, especially Commonwealth countries, the name sultana is used for the raisin made from it or larger seedless grapes; such sultana raisins are often called sultanas or sultanis.