hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal
Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal (fl. 971) was an eminent tenth-century Cumbrian who slew Cuilén mac Illuilb, King of Alba in 971. Rhydderch was possibly a son of Dyfnwal ab Owain, King of Strathclyde, and could have ruled as King of Strathclyde. Rhydderch appears on record in about 971, when he is said to have killed Cuilén mac Illuilb, King of Alba, a man said to have abducted and raped Rhydderch's daughter. Following Cuilén's death, the Cumbrian Kingdom of Strathclyde endured an invasion by Cuilén's successor, Cináed mac Maíl Choluim, King of Alba. This Scottish attack could have been a retaliatory raid for Rhydderch's actions, and may have been undertaken in the context of restoring Scottish authority over the Cumbrian realm. If Rhydderch ever ruled as king it must have been before 973, when Dyfnwal's son, Máel Coluim, is accorded the title king.

Kenneth II of Scotland
Cináed mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Scottish Gaelic: Coinneach mac Mhaoil Chaluim, anglicised Kenneth II, and nicknamed An Fionnghalach, "The Fratricidal"; 932–995) was King of Alba (Scotland) from 971 to 995. The son of Malcolm I (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill), he succeeded King Cuilén (Cuilén mac Iduilb) on the latter's death at the hands of Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal in 971.
First Church in Newton
The First Church in Newton (also known as East Parish Church), in what was Newton, Massachusetts Bay Colony, was a meetinghouse which stood on today's Centre Street, at its intersection with Cotton Street, in 1660. Its extant adjoining burial ground, today known as the East Parish Burying Ground, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The first pastor of the meetinghouse was John Eliot Jr. (c. 1604–1690), who was known as the "apostle to the Native Americans." He is interred in the burying ground.

A marker was erected on the site, by the Massachusetts Bay Colony Tercentenary Commission, in 1930.

The Second Church of Newton was constructed, across the street, in 1698. Its present church building stands in downtown Newton Centre. The First Church dissolved in 1972 after failed attempts to merge with its two offspring churches, Second Church in Newton (West Parish) and Eliot Church.

Second Church in Newton
The Second Church in Newton, United Church of Christ, is located at 60 Highland Street in West Newton, a village of Newton, Massachusetts. This church is rooted in the Congregational denomination, welcomes all visitors, and does not require uniformity of belief. Its present church building, a Gothic Victorian structure designed by architects Allen & Collens and completed in 1916, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places (as "Second Church of Newton") in 1990.
40 (music producer)
Noah James Shebib (born March 31, 1983), better known by his stage name 40, is a Canadian record producer, songwriter, record executive, and former child actor from Toronto, Ontario. He is best known for his production work with fellow Toronto native Drake, having extensive involvement on the entirety of Drake's discography since 2008. Shebib's production style, often described as downtempo and ambient, has become synonymous with Drake's sound. His other production credits include Lil Wayne, Alicia Keys, Beyoncé, Action Bronson, and Jamie Foxx.

Shebib and Drake are two of the three co-founders of the OVO Sound label, which was launched as an imprint of Warner Records in 2012. Shebib has won two Grammy Awards from 20 nominations.

OVO Sound
OVO Sound (short for October's Very Own) is a Canadian independent record label, founded in 2009 by rapper Drake, producer 40, and manager Oliver El-Khatib. The label operated as a subsidiary of Warner Music Group until 2022, after which it became an independent label.

The label has signed acts including PartyNextDoor, ILoveMakonnen, Majid Jordan, Roy Woods, Dvsn, Baka Not Nice, Alexander Slang, Popcaan, Smiley, Naomi Sharon, and Pimmie. In-house producers include 40 himself, Boi-1da, Nineteen85, Alexander Slang, Mike Zombie, and T-Minus.
Infrared divergence
In physics, an infrared divergence (also IR divergence or infrared catastrophe) is a situation in which an integral, for example a Feynman diagram, diverges because of contributions of objects with very small energy approaching zero, or equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very long distances.

Cutoff (physics)
In theoretical physics, cutoff (AE: cutoff, BE: cut-off) is an arbitrary maximal or minimal value of energy, momentum, or length, used in order that objects with larger or smaller values than these physical quantities are ignored in some calculation. It is usually represented within a particular energy or length scale, such as Planck units.

When used in this context, the traditional terms "infrared" and "ultraviolet" are not literal references to specific regions of the spectrum, but rather refer by analogy to portions of a calculation for low energies (infrared) and high energies (ultraviolet), respectively.
Perth Thunder
The Perth Thunder is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Perth, Western Australia. Founded in 2010, the Thunder have been a member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) since 2012. The Thunder are based at the Perth Ice Arena, located in the suburb of Malaga. Perth are one time Goodall Cup runners-up and two time H Newman Reid Trophy runners-up.

Melbourne Mustangs
The Melbourne Mustangs (formally Mustangs IHC) is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Melbourne, Victoria. Formed in 2010, the Mustangs have been a member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) since 2011. The Mustangs are based at the O'Brien Icehouse in the Docklands district of Melbourne. The Mustangs are two time Goodall Cup and one time H Newman Reid Trophy winners.
Tim Booth
Timothy Booth (born 4 February 1960) is an English singer-songwriter, actor and dancer. He is the lead singer and co-founder of the indie rock band James, and co-wrote several of their hit singles including "Sit Down", "Come Home", and "Laid". As an actor, Booth is also known for portraying Victor Zsasz in the 2005 film Batman Begins.

James (band)
James are an English rock band from Manchester, formed in 1982. They achieved popularity during the 1990s, with four top-10 hits on the UK Singles Chart and nine top-10 placings on the UK Albums Chart. The band's best-known singles include "Come Home", "Sit Down", "She's a Star" and "Laid".

Following the departure of lead singer Tim Booth in 2001, the band became inactive, but members reunited in January 2007 and have since released a further seven albums. Live performance has continually remained a central part of the band's output. As of 2010, the band had sold more than 25 million albums worldwide.
Ålvundeid Municipality
Ålvundeid is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 182-square-kilometre (70 sq mi) municipality existed from 1899 until its dissolution in 1960. It had one of the smallest municipal populations in Norway. It was located in the northeastern part of the present-day Sunndal Municipality. The old municipality included the Innerdalen valley and the southern part of the Ålvund valley area. The administrative centre was the village of Ålvundeidet, also where the Ålvundeid Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1960, the 182.4-square-kilometre (70.4 sq mi) municipality was the 406th largest by area out of the 743 municipalities in Norway. Ålvundeid Municipality was the 731st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 514. The municipality's population density was 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.3/sq mi) and its population had increased by 1.8% over the previous 5-year period.

Sunndal Municipality
Sunndalⓘ is a municipality in the Nordmøre region located in the northeast part of Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Sunndalsøra. Other villages include Gjøra, Grøa, Holssanden, Jordalsgrenda, Romfo, Ålvund, Ålvundeidet, and Øksendal. With an area of 1,713 square kilometres (661 sq mi), it is the largest municipality in Møre og Romsdal county. The important occupations in Sunndal include industry (with Hydro Aluminium Sunndal as the biggest employer), public services, retail, and farming.

The 1,713-square-kilometre (661 sq mi) municipality is the 47th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway and it is the largest by area in Møre og Romsdal county. Sunndal Municipality is the 141st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,227. The municipality's population density is 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population has increased by 0.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Locative case
In grammar, the locative case (/ˈlɒkətɪv/ LOK-ə-tiv; abbreviated LOC) is a grammatical case which indicates a location. In languages using it, the locative case may perform a function which in English would be expressed with such prepositions as "in", "on", "at", and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases, together with the lative and ablative case.

The locative case exists in many language groups.

Ablative case
In grammar, the ablative case (pronounced /ˈæblətɪv/ AB-lə-tiv; abbreviated abl) is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in the grammars of various languages. It is used to indicate motion away from something. In different languages it can additionally serve various other purposes, e.g., to make comparisons (in Armenian). The word "ablative" derives from the Latin ablatus, the (suppletive) perfect, passive participle of auferre "to carry away".

The ablative case is found in several language families, such as Indo-European (e.g. Sanskrit, Latin, Albanian, Armenian,  Punjabi), Turkic (e.g. Turkish, Turkmen, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar), Tungusic (e.g. Manchu, Evenki), Uralic (e.g. Hungarian), and the Dravidian languages. There is no ablative case in modern Germanic languages such as German and English. There was an ablative case in the early stages of Ancient Greek, but it quickly fell into disuse by the classical period.
Big Apple Comix
Big Apple Comix is an early independent comic book published by Flo Steinberg in 1975. A historically important link between underground comix and what would later be called alternative comics, this 36-page, 63⁄4" × 93⁄4" hybrid with glossy color covers and black-and-white interiors contains 11 sometimes sexually frank stories by such mainstream creators as Neal Adams, Archie Goodwin, Denny O'Neil, Herb Trimpe, Al Williamson, and Wally Wood. The creators were mainly friends of Steinberg, working for a low page rate. Most of its stories revolve around New York City (colloquially known as the Big Apple) during a particularly low ebb in the city's finances, crime situation, race relations, and infrastructure.

Underground comix
Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books that are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, including explicit drug use, sexuality, and violence. They were most popular in the United States and in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s.

Robert Crumb, Gilbert Shelton, Barbara "Willy" Mendes, Trina Robbins and numerous other cartoonists created underground titles that were popular with readers within the counterculture scene. Punk had its own comic artists like Gary Panter. Long after their heyday, underground comix gained prominence with films and television shows influenced by the movement and with mainstream comic books, but their legacy is most obvious with alternative comics.
Virginia Braun
Virginia Braun FRSNZ is a New Zealand psychology academic specialising in thematic analysis and gender studies. She is particularly known for her scholarship on the social construction of the vagina and designer vagina cosmetic surgery, body hair and heterosexuality. She is perhaps best known for her collaboration with British psychologist Victoria Clarke around thematic analysis and qualitative research methods. Together they have published numerous papers, chapters, commentaries and editorials on thematic analysis and qualitative research, and an award-winning and best selling qualitative textbook entitled Successful qualitative research. They have a thematic analysis website at The University of Auckland. More recently - with the Story Completion Research Group - they have published around the story completion method.

Victoria Clarke (psychologist)
Victoria Clarke is a UK-based chartered psychologist and an Associate Professor in Qualitative and Critical Psychology at the University of the West England, Bristol. Her work focuses on qualitative psychology and critical psychology, and her background and training is in the fields of women studies, feminist psychology, LGBTQ psychology, and qualitative methods. She is particularly known for her ongoing collaboration with Professor Virginia Braun around qualitative methods. Braun and Clarke developed a widely cited approach to thematic analysis in 2006 and have published extensively around thematic analysis since then. They have also collaborated on an award-winning qualitative research textbook and more recently have published around the qualitative story completion method with the Story Completion Research Group.
Fort Spokane
Fort Spokane was a frontier outpost in the northwest United States, located in Lincoln County, Washington, approximately fifty miles (80 km) west-northwest of Spokane. At the confluence of the Columbia and Spokane rivers, the U.S. Army post was used to separate the Colville and Spokane tribes on their reservations from the newly established city of Spokane. The fort was last used in 1929 and was later incorporated into the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Spokane River
The Spokane River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 111 miles (179 km) long, in northern Idaho and eastern Washington in the United States. It drains a low mountainous area east of the Columbia, passing through the Spokane Valley and the city of Spokane, Washington.
Carly Aquilino
Carly Aquilino (born November 18, 1990) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, television host and television personality. Aquilino was a regular cast member of the Girl Code comedy series on MTV and was a host of Girl Code Live. She currently is a commentator on MTV Presents on MTV's Snapchat content.

Girl Code
Girl Code is an American comedy television series that premiered on MTV on April 23, 2013. It is a spin-off series to Guy Code. The series features actresses, musicians, stand-up comics—plus a few men—who discuss the sisterhood that women share. It was announced on June 13, 2013, that the series had been renewed for a twenty-episode second season, which premiered on October 30, 2013. In April 2014, MTV announced the third season renewal of Girl Code, which premiered on October 1, 2014. In August 2015, MTV premiered a spin-off talk show called Girl Code Live hosted by Awkwafina, Nessa, and Carly Aquilino.

Girl Code was revived for Snapchat Discover by MTV on July 27, 2017, and a second Snap season premiered in March 2018.
Reginald Hooley
Reginald Walter Hooley (5 September 1865 – 5 May 1923) was a businessman and amateur paleontologist, collecting on the Isle of Wight. He is probably best remembered for describing the dinosaur Iguanodon atherfieldensis, now Mantellisaurus.

Mantellisaurus
Mantellisaurus is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur that lived in the Barremian and early Aptian ages of the Early Cretaceous Period of Europe. Its remains are known from Belgium (Bernissart), England, Spain and Germany. The type and only species is M. atherfieldensis. Formerly known as Iguanodon atherfieldensis, the new genus Mantellisaurus was erected for the species by Gregory Paul in 2007. According to Paul, Mantellisaurus was more lightly built than Iguanodon and more closely related to Ouranosaurus, making Iguanodon in its traditional sense paraphyletic. It is known from many complete and almost complete skeletons. The genus name honours Gideon Mantell, the discoverer of Iguanodon.
Zhelyu Zhelev
Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev (Bulgarian: Желю Митев Желев; 3 March 1935 – 30 January 2015) was a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who served as the first democratically elected and non-Communist president of Bulgaria, from 1990 to 1997. Zhelev was one of the most prominent figures of the 1989 Bulgarian Revolution, which ended the 35 year rule of President Todor Zhivkov. A member of the Union of Democratic Forces, he was elected as president by the 7th Grand National Assembly. Two years later, he won Bulgaria's first direct presidential elections. He lost his party's nomination for his 1996 reelection campaign after losing a tough primary race to Petar Stoyanov.

1992 Bulgarian presidential election
Direct presidential elections were held for the first time in Bulgaria on 12 January 1992, with a second round on 19 January. The result was a victory for incumbent President Zhelyu Zhelev of the Union of Democratic Forces, who won 52.8% of the vote in the second round. Voter turnout was 75.4% in the first round and 75.9% in the second. Zhelev had originally been elected as president by the Grand National Assembly in 1990.
Joe Duffy
Joseph Duffy (born 27 January 1956) is a retired Irish radio and TV presenter employed by RTÉ. One of the public service broadcaster's highest-earning stars, he is a former presenter of Liveline, an interview and phone-in chat show broadcast on RTÉ Radio 1 on Mondays to Fridays between 13:45 and 15:00.

Duffy was a student activist and a former president of the Aontas na Mac Léinn in Éirinn (AMLÉ). He is married, is the father of triplets, and resides in Clontarf, Dublin. He won a Jacob's Award in 1992.

On 8 May 2025, Duffy announced that he would be retiring from RTÉ after 37 years with his final Liveline show on 27 June 2025.

Aontas na Mac Léinn in Éirinn
Aontas na Mac Léinn in Éirinn (AMLÉ), formerly known as the Union of Students in Ireland (USI), is the national representative body for third-level students in Ireland, being an confederal organisation consisting of third-level students' unions. Founded in 1959, it represents more than 374,000 students in over forty colleges across the island of Ireland.

Former presidents of the organisation include former Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore, former Chief Justice John L. Murray (1966/67), and broadcaster Joe Duffy (1983–84).

In May 2025, the organisation officially changed name from its original English title, the Union of Students in Ireland (USI), to its Irish language name, Aontas na Mac Léinn in Éirinn (AMLÉ), following the passing of a constitutional amendment at its 2025 Comhdháil.
Hydroxycitronellal
Hydroxycitronellal (7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal) is an odorant used in perfumery.  Its molecular formula is C10H20O2.

It derives from a citronellal. 7-Hydroxy-3, 7-dimethyloctanal, also known as 3, 7-dimethyl-7-hydroxyoctan-1-al or 7-hydroxycitronellal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes.

It has a sweet floral odor with citrus and melon undertones.

Citronellal
Citronellal or rhodinal (C10H18O) is a monoterpenoid aldehyde, the main component in the mixture of terpenoid chemical compounds that give citronella oil its distinctive lemon scent.

Citronellal is a main isolate in distilled oils from the plants Cymbopogon (excepting C. citratus, culinary lemongrass), lemon-scented gum, and lemon-scented teatree. The (S)-(−)-enantiomer of citronellal makes up to 80% of the oil from kaffir lime leaves and is the compound responsible for its characteristic aroma.

Citronellal has insect repellent properties, and research shows high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. Another research shows that citronellal has strong antifungal qualities.
Schönborn Palace (Beregvar)
48°31′30″N 22°52′29″E﻿ / ﻿48.52500°N 22.87472°E﻿ / 48.52500; 22.87472

The Beregvar Hunting Lodge  (Ukrainian: Палац графів Шенборнів or German: Schloss Beregvár or German: Jagdchloss Beregvár) is a palace in a neo-romantic style. It is located in Karpaty, which is part of Chynadiiovo in the Mukachevo Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine.

Built between 1890 and 1895 by Erwein-Friedrich von Schönborn-Buchheim, the palace served as a hunting estate and a seasonal residence for the Schönborn family, a prominent Austro-Hungarian aristocratic dynasty. Surrounded by a picturesque dendrological park featuring rare tree species, a decorative lake, and sculptural compositions, the hunting lodge is renowned for its architectural elegance, blending Romanesque and Gothic motifs with French Renaissance influences. Since 1946, the building has housed the "Karpaty" sanatorium, specializing in cardiovascular and neurological treatments.

Chynadiiovo
Chynadiiovo or Chynadiieve (Ukrainian: Чинадійово, Чинадієвe; Rusyn: Чинадійово; Hungarian: Szentmiklós; Russian: Чинадиев; Slovak: Činadno) is a rural settlement in Mukachevo Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine. It stands in the Latorica River valley, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the town of Mukachevo. Its population is 6,688 (2022 estimate).
Pottu
Pottu (transl. Vermillion / Bindi) is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language horror comedy film written and directed by Vadivudaiyan. The film stars Bharath, Namitha, Ineya and Srushti Dange. With music composed by Amresh Ganesh, the film is produced by John Max for Shalom Studios. Pottu is a movie, following along the lines of this producer-director combo's earlier movie Sowkarpettai (2016). The film was launched in January 2016 and released on 8 March 2019.

Shalom Studios
Shalom Studios is an Indian film production company based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was established by John Max. Its first Production Mynaa (2010), directed by Prabhu Solomon was critically acclaimed and commercially successful. Prabhu Solomon and John Max joined hands for their next film Saattai (2012) under the banner. The movie received good reviews and had decent initial collections.

In 2013, Prabhu Solomon stepped out of the production house and handed the entire production work to John Max
. He Produced several films under the banner which include Mosakutty, Sowkarpettai and Pottu.

Their Recent Film Kaa - The Forest was released on February 2026 after an 8 Year Delay which Opened to Mixed Reviews.
Quarantine 2: Terminal
Quarantine 2: Terminal is a 2011 American horror film and a sequel to the 2008 film, Quarantine. It was written and directed by John Pogue and produced by Marc Brienstock. The film stars Mercedes Mason, Josh Cooke and Mattie Liptak as passengers on an airplane where the mutant rabies virus from the previous film is now spreading, forcing the plane to make an emergency landing at a terminal that is promptly surrounded by the government, trapping the passengers and crew as they search for answers and a means of escape.

Although the first film was a remake of the Spanish film REC, Quarantine 2 has no relation to any of the REC films and has an entirely different plot and setting. The film received mixed reviews from critics.

Mercedes Mason
Mercedes Mason (previously Mercedes Masöhn; 3 March 1982) is a Swedish actress. She is known for playing the role of Zondra in the television series Chuck, and Isabel Zambada in the procedural drama The Finder. She also starred in the 2011 American horror film Quarantine 2: Terminal, portrayed Louise Leonard in the supernatural drama series 666 Park Avenue (2012–2013), played Talia Del Campo in NCIS: Los Angeles, and was a regular on AMC's television series Fear the Walking Dead from 2015 to 2017. In 2018 she played Captain Zoe Andersen in the ABC Police crime drama The Rookie.