hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoare logic
Hoare logic (also known as Floyd–Hoare logic or Hoare rules) is a formal system with a set of logical rules for reasoning rigorously about the correctness of computer programs. It was proposed in 1969 by the British computer scientist and logician Tony Hoare, and subsequently refined by Hoare and other researchers. The original ideas were seeded by the work of Robert W. Floyd, who had published a similar system for flowcharts.

Robert W. Floyd
Robert W. Floyd (born Robert Willoughby Floyd; June 8, 1936 – September 25, 2001) was an American computer scientist. His contributions include the design of the Floyd–Warshall algorithm (independently of Stephen Warshall), which efficiently finds all shortest paths in a graph and his work on parsing; Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm for detecting cycles in a sequence was attributed to him as well. In one isolated paper he introduced the important concept of error diffusion for rendering images, also called Floyd–Steinberg dithering (though he distinguished dithering from diffusion). He pioneered in the field of program verification using logical assertions with the 1967 paper Assigning Meanings to Programs. This was a contribution to what later became Hoare logic. Floyd received the Turing Award in 1978.
St. John's Church, Ballinasloe
Saint John the Evangelist Church of Ireland (Irish: Eaglais Naomh Eoin an Soiscéalaí na hÉireann) is an Anglican (Church of Ireland), freestanding cruciform-plan church built of limestone located on Church Hill, Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland. It was designed by Joseph Welland and was built in 1842. It was rebuilt following fire in 1899.

Ballinasloe
Ballinasloe (/ˌbælnəˈsloʊ/ bal-na-SLOH; Irish: Béal Átha na Sluaighe, meaning 'mouth of the ford of the crowds') is a town in the easternmost part of County Galway, Ireland, situated on the River Suck, which forms the boundary with County Roscommon. Located at an ancient crossing point on the river, evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of Bronze Age sites. Built around a 12th-century castle, which defended the fording point, the modern town of Ballinasloe was "founded" in the early 13th century. As of the 2022 census, it was one of the largest towns in County Galway, with a population of 6,597 people.
Milton Malsor
Milton Malsor is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 761. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Northampton town centre, 45 miles (72 km) south-east of Birmingham, and 66 miles (106 km) north of central London; junction 15 of the M1 motorway is 2 miles (3.2 km) east by road. The area of the Milton Malsor civil parish is about 1,650 acres (670 ha), stretching from north of the M1 motorway between junctions 15 and 15A, south to the West Coast Main Line, east to the A508 and A45 roads, and west to the A43 road.

A43 road
The A43 is a primary route in the English Midlands and northern South East England, that runs from the M40 motorway near Ardley in Oxfordshire to Stamford in Lincolnshire. Through Northamptonshire it bypasses the towns of Northampton, Kettering and Corby which are the three principal destinations on the A43 route. The A43 also links to the M1 motorway.

The section of the road between the M40 and M1 is designated a trunk road, managed and maintained by National Highways.  The remainder of the route is the responsibility of local authorities.
Supreme Privy Council
The Supreme Privy Council (Russian: Верховный тайный совет, romanized: Verkhovnyy taynyy sovet) of Imperial Russia, founded on 19 February 1726 and operative until 1730, originated as a body of advisors to Empress Catherine I.

Catherine I of Russia
Catherine I (born Marta Helena Skowrońska; Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Михайлова; 15 April 1684 - 17 May 1727) was Empress of Russia from 1725 to 1727. She was previously empress consort of Russia from 1721 to 1725 as the second wife of Peter the Great, and tsaritsa consort from 1712 to 1721.
Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad
The Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad (reporting mark PN) is a short-line railroad operating on trackage mostly in Bucks and Montgomery counties to the north of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was created in 2011, taking over former operations from CSX Transportation. The Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad interchanges with CSX in Lansdale, the East Penn Railroad in Telford, and the New Hope Railroad in Warminster.

East Penn Railroad
The East Penn Railroad (reporting mark ESPN) is a short-line railroad located in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, it operates a number of mostly-unconnected lines in Pennsylvania and Delaware. Except for two industrial park switching operations, all are former Pennsylvania Railroad or Reading Company lines, abandoned or sold by Conrail or its predecessors.

The East Penn Railroad was formed in 2007 through a merger of East Penn Railways (reporting mark EPRY) and Penn Eastern Rail Lines (reporting mark PRL), each of which began operating in the 1990s. The railroad is owned by Regional Rail, LLC, which also owns the Middletown and New Jersey Railroad, Tyburn Railroad, Carolina Coastal Railway, Florida Central Railroad, Florida Northern Railroad, and Florida Midland Railroad.
West Quartzite Range
West Quartzite Range (72°0′S 164°45′E﻿ / ﻿72.000°S 164.750°E﻿ / -72.000; 164.750﻿ (West Quartzite Range)) is a range, the western of two parallel quartzite ranges, situated at the east side of Houliston Glacier in the Concord Mountains, Antarctica. 
It was named by the Northern Party of the New Zealand Federated Mountain Clubs Antarctic Expedition (NZFMCAE), 1962–63, after the distinctive geological formation of the feature.

Lillie Glacier
Lillie Glacier (70°45′S 163°55′E﻿ / ﻿70.750°S 163.917°E﻿ / -70.750; 163.917) is a large glacier in Antarctica, about 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi) long and 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) wide. It lies between the Bowers Mountains on the west and the Concord Mountains and Anare Mountains on the east, flowing to Ob' Bay on the coast and forming the Lillie Glacier Tongue.
St. John Gualbert Cathedral (Johnstown, Pennsylvania)
St. John Gualbert Cathedral is the co-cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Altoona–Johnstown, located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is also a contributing property in the Downtown Johnstown Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.

Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament (Altoona, Pennsylvania)
The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is a Roman Catholic cathedral located at One Cathedral Square in Altoona, Pennsylvania.  It is within the boundaries of the Downtown Altoona Historic District, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is the mother church of the Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown and is the seat of its bishop, the Most Reverend Mark Leonard Bartchak. The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament Rector is Rev. Monsignor Stanley B. Carson.
Pennsylvania Route 502
Pennsylvania Route 502 (PA 502) is a 13.8-mile-long (22.2 km) state highway located in Lackawanna and Luzerne counties in Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in Moosic. The eastern terminus is at PA 435 in Covington Township. The route is a two-lane undivided road that runs through rural areas to the south of Scranton. From US 11, PA 502 comes to a northbound ramp to Interstate 81 (I-81) before winding through forested areas. Farther east, the route intersects the western terminus of PA 690 and crosses PA 307 before continuing to its eastern terminus at PA 435 in Daleville. PA 502 was designated in 1928 between US 11 in Moosic and US 611 (now PA 435) in Daleville along an unpaved road. The route was paved in the 1930s.

Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Lackawanna County (/ˌlækəˈwɒnə/; Unami: Lèkaohane) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It had a population of 215,615 in 2022. Its county seat and most populous city is Scranton. The county is part of the Northeast region of the commonwealth.

The county was created on August 13, 1878, following decades of trying to gain its independence from Luzerne County. Lackawanna was Pennsylvania's last county to be created, and the only county to be created after the American Civil War. It is named for the Lackawanna River.

Lackawanna County is the second largest county in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Metropolitan statistical area. It lies northwest of the Pocono Mountains approximately 40 miles (64 km) from the New Jersey border in Montague Township, and approximately 25 miles (40 km) from New York state in Kirkwood. The Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River, flows through Lackawanna County.
F. Kenneth Milne
Frank Kenneth Milne (18 July 1885 – 3 October 1980), usually referred to as F. Kenneth Milne, was an Australian architect based in Adelaide, South Australia. He was regarded as one of the leading architects in the state in 1920, and continued to design buildings even in retirement. He went into partnership with a series of other architects over the course of his career, including John Richard Schomburgk Evans, Charles Alexander Russell, and Rolfe Vernon Boehm. He is also known for his work as a cinema architect, having been the appointed architect for Ozone Theatres in the 1930s.

He and his wife established the Kenneth and Hazel Milne Travelling Scholarship at the University of Adelaide in 1958. Several of his designs survive today, with many heritage-listed, including Woodards House in Waymouth Street, Adelaide, the remodelled Regal Theatre in Kensington Park, and his own home in Stanley Street, North Adelaide.

Regal Theatre, Adelaide
The Regal Theatre, formerly known as the Chelsea Cinema, the Princess Theatre and the Ozone Marryatville or Marryatville Ozone Theatre, is a single-screen cinema in Kensington Park, a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. Originally built in 1925 to the designs of South Australian theatre architect Christopher Arthur Smith, it retains the features of a major renovation in Art Deco style in 1941 designed by noted cinema architect F. Kenneth Milne. It was heritage-listed on the South Australian Heritage Register in 1983. It is the oldest continuously running purpose-built cinema in Adelaide, and the only remaining silent cinema still operating in the city. It is owned by Burnside Council.
Law of Illinois
The law of Illinois, a state of the United States, consists of several levels, including constitutional, statutory, and regulatory law, as well as case law and local law.  Illinois state law is promulgated under the Illinois State Constitution. The Illinois Compiled Statutes (ILCS) form the general statutory law.  The case law of the Illinois Supreme Court and state appellate courts is currently published online under a public domain reporting system.  Interpretations of law and conflicts among the various levels of law are referred to the Illinois courts in suits for application of common law. The states administrative law is published in codified form in the Illinois Administrative Code.  Local ordinances are published by the respective local authorities, which are granted that authority under state law.

Supreme Court of Illinois
The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the judiciary of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Absent mid-term vacancy, each justice is elected for a term of ten years, which may be renewed and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.
Jun Senoue
Jun Senoue (瀬上 純, Senoue Jun; born August 2, 1970) is a Japanese composer and guitarist. He is a sound director for the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series by Sega and serves as the songwriter of the Japanese-American rock duo Crush 40, which he formed with Johnny Gioeli in 2000. The duo contributed songs to each of the series' major titles until 2010, after which Senoue remained involved in musical production for further Sonic games.

Johnny Gioeli
Johnny Gioeli (/ˌdʒiːoʊˈɛli/ JEE-oh-EL-ee; born October 5, 1967) is an American rock singer. He is the lead vocalist of Hardline, Crush 40, and Axel Rudi Pell's backing band. He is best known for his musical contributions to the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series since 1998, as part of Crush 40.
TRPML
TRPML (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily) comprises a group of three evolutionarily related proteins that belongs to the large family of transient receptor potential ion channels.  The three proteins TRPML1, TRPML2 and TRPML3 are encoded by the mucolipin-1 (MCOLN1), mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2) and mucolipin-3 (MCOLN3) genes, respectively.

The three members of the TRPML ("ML" for mucolipin) sub-family are not extremely well characterized. TRPML1 is known to be localized in late endosomes. This subunit also contains a lipase domain between its S1 and S2 segments. While the function of this domain is unknown it has been proposed that it is involved in channel regulation. Physiological studies have described TRPML1 channels as proton leak channels in lysosomes responsible for preventing these organelles from becoming too acidic. TRPML2 and TRPML3 more poorly characterized than TRPML1.

Deficiencies can lead to enlarged vesicles.

MCOLN1
Mucolipin-1 (ML1) also known as TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCOLN1 gene.  It is a member of the small family of the TRPML channels, a subgroup of the large protein family of TRP ion channels.

TRPML1 is a 65 kDa protein associated with mucolipidosis type IV. Its predicted structure includes six transmembrane domains, a transient receptor potential (TRP) cation-channel domain, and an internal channel pore. TRPML1 is believed to channel iron ions across the endosome/lysosome membrane into the cell and so its malfunction causes cellular iron deficiency. It is important in lysosome function and plays a part in processes such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis and autophagy.
Maja Haderlap
Maja Haderlap (born 8 March 1961 in Eisenkappel-Vellach (Slovene: Železna Kapla-Bela, Carinthia)) is a bilingual Slovenian-German Austrian writer, best known for her multiple-award-winning novel, Angel of Oblivion, about the Slovene ethnic minority's transgenerational trauma of being treated as 'homeland traitors' by the German-speaking Austrian neighbors, because they were the only ever-existing military resistance against National Socialism in Austria.

Angel of Oblivion
Angel of Oblivion (German: Engel des Vergessens, Slovene: Angel pozabe) is a 2011 autobiographical novel written by bilingual Slovenian-German Austrian writer Maja Haderlap. The story revolves around the life of a Carinthian Slovene peasant family that had been badly struck by the National Socialist regime in World War II. The novel highlights Austria's only militarily organised resistance against National Socialism, the Carinthian minority of Carinthian Slovenes as one of the non-Jewish Holocaust's victims.
Reverse genetics
Reverse genetics is a method in molecular genetics that is used to help understand the function(s) of a gene by analysing the phenotypic effects caused by genetically engineering specific nucleic acid sequences within the gene. The process proceeds in the opposite direction to forward genetic screens of classical genetics. While forward genetics seeks to find the genetic basis of a phenotype or trait, reverse genetics seeks to find what phenotypes are controlled by particular genetic sequences.

Automated DNA sequencing generates large volumes of genomic sequence data relatively rapidly. Many genetic sequences are discovered in advance of other, less easily obtained, biological information. Reverse genetics attempts to connect a given genetic sequence with specific effects on the organism. Reverse genetics systems can also allow the recovery and generation of infectious or defective viruses with desired mutations. This allows the ability to study the virus in vitro and in vivo.

Forward genetics
Forward genetics is a molecular genetics approach of determining the genetic basis responsible for a phenotype. Forward genetics provides an unbiased approach because it relies heavily on identifying the genes or genetic factors that cause a particular phenotype or trait of interest.

This was initially done by using naturally occurring mutations or inducing mutants with radiation, chemicals, or insertional mutagenesis (e.g. transposable elements). Subsequent breeding takes place, mutant individuals are isolated, and then the gene is mapped.  Forward genetics can be thought of as a counter to reverse genetics, which determines the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of altered DNA sequences. Mutant phenotypes are often observed long before having any idea which gene is responsible, which can lead to genes being named after their mutant phenotype (e.g. Drosophila rosy gene which is named after the eye colour in mutants).
Zirl
Zirl is a municipality and market town in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is known for its parish church, UNESCO-recognised Zachäussingen celebration, and history of nativity scene–making. Situated at an altitude of 622 metres above sea level, it lies approximately 10 kilometres west of Innsbruck at the edge of the Karwendel mountains. The area around the town is frequented by climbers, hikers, and cyclers.

Zirl Parish Church
The Zirl Parish Church (German: Pfarrkirche Zirl), also known as the Holy Cross Parish Church, is the largest place of worship in Zirl, a community in Tyrol, Austria.

Built in the 19th century under the auspices of Cons. Peter Alois Bauer and Fruehmesser Alois Moriggl, the painter  Franz Plattner decorated the entire interior with frescoes in vivid colours. This work occupied the master for a significant period of time. The frescos in the vault were created between 1862 and 1874. Remarkable as well are the abstract floral patterns that cover all the interior walls outside the frescos as well as the gilded pulpit.
Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster
Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster, KG, PC, JP (13 October 1825 – 22 December 1899), styled Viscount Belgrave between 1831 and 1845, Earl Grosvenor between 1845 and 1869, and known as The Marquess of Westminster between 1869 and 1874, was an English landowner, politician and racehorse owner. He inherited the estate of Eaton Hall in Cheshire and land in Mayfair and Belgravia, London, and spent much of his fortune in developing these properties. Although he was an MP from the age of 22, and then a member of the House of Lords, his main interests were not in politics, but rather in his estates, in horse racing, and in country pursuits. He developed the stud at Eaton Hall and achieved success in racing his horses, who won the Derby on four occasions.

Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster
Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster, GCVO, DSO (19 March 1879 – 19 July 1953), was a British landowner. He was also noted for his support of the Nazi ideology and his affair with French designer Coco Chanel.
Jimmy Higdon
James Cecil Higdon Jr. (born July 15, 1953) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Kentucky Senate since 2009. He represents the 14th district, which includes LaRue, Marion, Nelson, Spencer, and Washington Counties. He currently serves as the chair of the senate transportation committee. Higdon is not running for reelection in 2026.

Higdon was previously a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 2003 to 2009.

Kentucky's 14th Senate district
Kentucky's 14th Senatorial district is one of 38 districts in the Kentucky Senate. Located in the central part of the state, it comprises the counties of LaRue, Marion, Nelson, Spencer, and Washington. It has been represented by Jimmy Higdon (R–Lebanon) since 2009. As of 2023, the district had a population of 113,776.
North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.

Desborough
Desborough is a town and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England, lying in the Ise Valley between Market Harborough and Kettering. It was an industrial centre for weaving and shoe-making in the 19th century and had a long association with the Co-operative movement.
Odontotarsus
Odontotarsus is a genus of mostly Palaearctic jewel or shield-backed bugs, that is typical of the subfamily Odontotarsinae and tribe Odontotarsini; it was erected by Laporte in 1833.  Records of occurrence include southern Africa and mainland Europe. Odontotarsus grammicus is one of the sunn pest species.

Scutelleridae
Scutelleridae is a family of true bugs. They are commonly known as jewel (stink) bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration. With the name based on the Asian genus Scutellera, they are also known as shield-backed bugs due to the enlargement of the thoracic scutellum into a continuous shield over the abdomen and wings. This latter characteristic distinguishes them from most other families within Heteroptera, and may lead to misidentification as a beetle rather than a bug. These insects use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on plant juices from a variety of different species, including some commercial crops. Closely related to stink bugs, they may also produce an offensive odour when disturbed. There are around 450 species worldwide.
Proatriplex
Proatriplex is a monotypic plant genus in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae, with the only species Proatriplex pleiantha (syn. Atriplex pleiantha). It is known by the common names four-corners orach and Mancos shadscale.  It occurs in the Navajo Basin of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.

Chenopodioideae
The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included – together with other subfamilies – in the family Chenopodiaceae, or goosefoot family, in the Cronquist system.

Food species comprise spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Good King Henry (Blitum bonus-henricus), several Chenopodium species (quinoa, kañiwa, fat hen), orache (Atriplex spp.), and epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides). The name is Greek for goosefoot, the common name of a genus of plants having small greenish flowers.