hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Jews in Oldenburg
The Jewish community of Oldenburg in northwest Germany was established as early as the 14th century. It has existed consecutively ever since, except for occasional deportations by the local rulers of the Duchy of Oldenburg and under the Holocaust, which annihilated the majority of Jews left in the city. Nevertheless, after the Holocaust, Jewish survivors returned and resettled in
Oldenburg, in a community that now operates actively within the Central Council of Jews in Germany.

Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.  The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.

During the French annexation (1811–1813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 176.068 in 2024. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which is home to approximately 2.8 million people.

The city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.
Moskvitch 412
The Moskvitch 412 (Moskvich 412, Москвич-412, M-412) is a small family car produced by Soviet/Russian manufacturer MZMA/AZLK in Moscow from 1967 to 1975, and by IZh in Izhevsk from 1967 to 1982 (also known as IZh-412). It was a more powerful and prestigious version of the M-408 model, offering more features for a higher price.

AZLK
AZLK (Russian: АЗЛК - Автомобильный завод имени Ленинского Комсомола, romanized: Avtomobilny zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola, lit. 'Lenin Komsomol Automobile Plant') is a Soviet and Russian automobile manufacturer (Moscow), the maker of the Moskvitch brand.
Eric Shelton (American football)
Eric Shelton (born June 23, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the second round of the 2005 NFL draft.  He played college football for the Louisville Cardinals.

Shelton was also a member of the Washington Redskins.

Louisville Cardinals football
The Louisville Cardinals football team represents the University of Louisville in the sport of American football. The Cardinals compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Sherburne County, Minnesota
Sherburne County is a county in Central Minnesota. At the 2020 census, the population was 97,183. The county seat is Elk River. Sherburne County is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Benton County, Minnesota
Benton County is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,379. Its county seat is Foley.

Benton County is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Combined Statistical Area.
Michel Dubé
Michel Alexandre Dubé (23 November 1958 – 22 September 1998) was a Canadian outlaw biker and gangster. President of the Sudbury, Ontario chapter of the Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club, Dubé committed suicide in jail after being charged with two counts of first-degree murder and the bombing of a police station.

Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club
Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club (SCMC) is a Canadian outlaw motorcycle club. Once the dominant outlaw club in Ontario, with twelve chapters based in the province, and another in Montreal, Quebec, at its peak strength in 1977. Satan's Choice grew to more than 400 members by 1970, making it the second largest outlaw motorcycle club in the world, behind only the Hells Angels.

The club was involved in the first major outlaw biker conflict in Canadian history, when it engaged the country's second largest club, the Popeyes, from 1974 to 1976. Satan's Choice's power began to diminish during the late 1970s, with some of the club's chapters "patching over" to the Outlaws in 1977. The remaining chapters would eventually become members of the Hells Angels, along with most of the other major outlaw clubs in Ontario, in 2000. In 2017 the club was reactivated briefly but quickly shut down. In 2025 the club was reactivated by Harley Davidson Guindon, son of former President Bernie Guindon.
CJ Navato
Christianne Jose B. Navato (born September 13, 1996)  is a Filipino actor, dancer and singer under ABS-CBN's Star Magic.

He made his first television appearance at the age of seven ever since joining ABS-CBN's talent search Star Circle Quest: Kids Edition in 2004, where he got in "Magic Circle of 5" and became the fourth placer.

Star Circle Quest
Star Circle Quest (SCQ) is a Philippine television reality competition show first broadcast by ABS-CBN in 2004. Originally hosted by Luis Manzano and Jodi Sta. Maria, it aired on the network's Primetime Bida and Yes Weekend! line up from March 1, 2004 to February 19, 2011, replacing Next Level Na! Game Ka Na Ba? and was replaced by the second season of Pilipinas Got Talent. KC Concepcion served as the final host.

The theme song was sung by Star in a Million finalists Sheryn Regis and Marinel Santos.
Franz Böhme
Franz Friedrich Böhme (15 April 1885 – 29 May 1947) was a German-Austrian soldier who served in succession with the Austro-Hungarian Army, the Austrian Army and the German Wehrmacht. He rose to the rank of general during World War II, serving as Commander of the XVIII Mountain Corps, Hitler's Plenipotentiary Commanding General (Bevollmächtigter Kommandierender General) in the Balkans, and commander-in-chief in German-occupied Norway during World War II. After the war, Böhme was transferred to U.S. custody as a defendant in the Hostages Trial on charges of having massacred thousands of Serbian civilians. He committed suicide in prison.

XVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
XVIII. Armeekorps was formed in Salzburg, Austria, on 1 April 1938, following the Anschluss of Austria into the German Reich. During the life of the XVIII. Armeekorps, they took part in the Polish campaign, Fall Weiss, and the campaign in the West 1940 (Fall Gelb and Fall Rot), and performed occupation duties in France. On 30 October 1940, the Corps gave up some elements to newly forming XXXXIX. Gebirgskorps, and on 1 November, they re-designated the Korps name to XVIII. Gebirgskorps, under which it participated to Operation Marita, the invasion of Greece in spring 1941.
Juan Eichelberger
Juan Tyrone Eichelberger (born October 21, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player who was a pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). He primarily played as a starting pitcher for the San Diego Padres (1978–1982) and was their opening day starter in 1982. He also had with stints with the Cleveland Indians (1983) and Atlanta Braves (1988). Eichelberger also pitched one season in Japan in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yakult Swallows (1989) and two seasons in the Senior Professional Baseball Association (SPBA).

Senior Professional Baseball Association
The Senior Professional Baseball Association, referred to commonly as the Senior League, was a winter baseball league based in Florida for players age 35 and over, with a minimum age of 32 for catchers.  The league began play in 1989 and had eight teams in two divisions and a 72-game schedule.  Pitchers Rollie Fingers, Ferguson Jenkins (both future Hall of Famers), and Vida Blue, outfielder Dave Kingman, and managers Earl Weaver and Dick Williams were the league's marquee names; and former big league outfielder Curt Flood was the circuit's first Commissioner.  At age 54, Ed Rakow was the league's oldest player.
GNU Health
GNU Health is a free/libre health and hospital information system with strong focus on public health and social medicine. Its functionality includes management of electronic health records and laboratory information management system.

It is designed to be multi-platform, supporting Linux distributions and FreeBSD on the server side. It uses PostgreSQL as its database engine. It is written in Python and uses the Tryton framework as one of its components.

GNU Health has been adopted by the United Nations University. In 2011, it became a GNU official package. It was awarded Best Project of Social Benefit from the Free Software Foundation at LibrePlanet 2012, at University of Massachusetts Boston.

GNU Health is a project of GNU Solidario, a non-profit non-governmental organization (NGO) that works in the areas of health and education with free software.

FSF Free Software Awards
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) grants two annual awards. Since 1998, FSF has granted the award for Advancement of Free Software and since 2005, also the Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit.
Pacific Northwest Corridor
The Pacific Northwest Corridor or the Pacific Northwest Rail Corridor is one of eleven federally designated higher-speed rail corridors in the United States and Canada. The 466-mile (750 km) corridor extends from Eugene, Oregon, to Vancouver, British Columbia, via Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region. It was designated a high-speed rail corridor on October 20, 1992, as the one of five high-speed corridors in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA).

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA, /aɪsˈti/) is a United States federal law that posed a major change to transportation planning and policy, as the first U.S. federal legislation on the subject in the post-Interstate Highway System era.

The act was signed into law on December 18, 1991, by President George H. W. Bush and codified as Pub. L. 102–240 and 105 Stat. 1914. The bill was preceded by the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act in 1987 and followed by the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in 1998, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) in 2005, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) in 2012, the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST) in 2015, and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act in 2021.
Malgrange preparation theorem
In mathematics, the Malgrange preparation theorem is an analogue of the Weierstrass preparation theorem for smooth functions. It was conjectured by René Thom and proved by B. Malgrange (1962–1963, 1964, 1967).

Bernard Malgrange
Bernard Malgrange (6 July 1928 – 5 January 2024) was a French mathematician who worked on differential equations and singularity theory. He proved the Ehrenpreis–Malgrange theorem and the Malgrange preparation theorem, essential for the classification theorem of the elementary catastrophes of René Thom. He received his Ph.D. from Université Henri Poincaré (Nancy 1) in 1955. His advisor was Laurent Schwartz. He was elected to the Académie des sciences in 1988. In 2012 he gave the Łojasiewicz Lecture (on "Differential algebraic groups") at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Malgrange died on 5 January 2024, at the age of 95.
Dean Foods
Dean Foods was an American food and beverage company and the largest dairy company in the United States. The company's products included milk, ice cream, dairy products, cheese, juice, and teas. It processed milk in the United States under a number of regional and national brands. Founded in 1925, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2019, and its assets were acquired by several buyers in 2020.

Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, Dean Foods maintained plants and distributors across the United States. The company had 66 manufacturing facilities in 32 U.S. states and distributed its products across all 50 states. Through acquisition and licensing, Dean produced dairy products under many well-known national and regional brand names such as:  DairyPure, TruMoo, Friendly's, Mayfield, Dean's, Meadow Gold, Purity, Tuscan, T.G.Lee and Alta Dena.

Friendly's
Friendly's is a restaurant chain on the East Coast of the United States.  The first location, selling ice cream cones, opened in 1935 in Springfield, Massachusetts.  It was founded by brothers S. Prestley Blake and Curtis Blake.  It has 10,000 employees.  George Michel is the CEO. It offers diner-style cuisine and highlights its 22 ice cream flavors. Many locations offer an ice-cream only take-out window alongside of the table service option.  Friendly's restaurants are found in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Florida, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Maine.  Its ice cream is also sold in some East Coast supermarkets.
Jonny Clayton
Jonny Clayton (born 4 October 1974) is a Welsh professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number five. Nicknamed "the Ferret", he won four PDC major singles titles in 2021: the Masters, Premier League, World Series Finals, and World Grand Prix. He has also won the PDC World Cup of Darts on two occasions in 2020 and 2023, representing Wales alongside Gerwyn Price; he has won a total of 17 PDC titles in his professional career, including three European Tour titles.

He has reached the quarter-finals in the 2023 and 2026 editions of the PDC World Darts Championship.

2023 PDC World Cup of Darts
The  2023 PDC World Cup of Darts, known as the  2023 My Diesel Claim World Cup of Darts for sponsorship reasons, was the thirteenth edition of the PDC World Cup of Darts. It took place from 16 to 19 June 2023 at the Eissporthalle in Frankfurt, Germany.

Australia  (Damon Heta and Simon Whitlock) were the defending champions, after beating  Wales  (Gerwyn Price and Jonny Clayton) 3–1 in the 2022 final, but they were eliminated in the quarter finals, losing 7–8 to  Belgium .

Wales won the tournament for the second time, defeating  Scotland  (Peter Wright and Gary Anderson) 10–2 in the final.
Mandi House
Mandi House is a locality in Lutyens' Delhi, India. It was the former residence of the Raja of Mandi in Delhi. It was demolished in the 1970s to make way for modern office complexes. By the 1990s, the site had been redeveloped with large institutional and government buildings, including Doordarshan Bhawan and Himachal Bhawan, anchoring a new administrative precinct. Concurrently, the area evolved into Delhi's premier arts district, centered on the National School of Drama, Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts, and Triveni Kala Sangam, all established between 1950 and the 1960s.

Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts
Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts or SRC one of Delhi's best known theatres at Mandi House on Safdar Hasmi Marg, New Delhi, close to the Kendra, it is run by the Indian National Theatre Trust established in 1958 the promotion of Art and Culture,  with people like Sheila Bharat Ram, Kamla Devi Chattopadhyay, Nandita Kriplani and Aditya Srivastava associated with it. The Centre runs a certified Two Year Acting  Course. The SRCPA Theatre Repertory Company started in 1980 and Puppet Theatre company, which over the years saw the rise of modern puppetry under puppeteer Dadi Padamjee.
Rocker bottom shoe
A rocker sole shoe or rocker bottom shoe is a shoe that has a thicker-than-normal sole with a rounded heel. Such shoes ensure the wearer does not have flat footing along the proximal-distal axis of the foot. The shoes are generically known by a variety of names, including round bottom shoes, round/ed sole shoes, and toning shoes, but also by various brand names. Tyrell & Carter identified at least six standard variations of the rocker sole shoe and named them: toe-only rocker, rocker bar, mild rocker, heel-to-toe rocker, negative heel rocker and double rocker.

The construction of most varieties of rocker sole shoes means that the wearer's body weight is shifted behind the ankle, and the wearer is required to do more work than would be required in flat-soled shoes to find their center of gravity and remain balanced. In the 2000s, a heel-to-toe rocker sole shoe for the sports footwear market was popularized by brands such as MBT, Shape-Ups by Skechers, and Reebok EasyTone.

Karl Müller (inventor)
Karl Müller (born 1952) is a Swiss engineer and businessman. He is the creator of the Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) brand of rocker bottom shoes, and he holds a patent on the design.

Müller founded Swiss Masai (now known as Masai Marketing and Trading AG) in 1996 to market his new shoe concept. In 2007, he left the company on amicable terms and went on to found Kybun Corporation to market a newer "walk-on-air" shoe concept.
Applesauce cake
Applesauce cake is a dessert cake prepared using apple sauce, flour and sugar as primary ingredients. Various spices are typically used, and it tends to be a moist cake. Several additional ingredients may also be used in its preparation, and it is sometimes prepared and served as a coffee cake. The cake dates back to early colonial times in the United States. National Applesauce Cake Day occurs annually on June 6 in the U.S.

Coffee cake (American)
Coffee cake or coffeecake is a sweet bread common in the United States, so called because it is typically served with coffee. Leavenings can include yeast, baking soda, or baking powder. The modern dish typically contains no coffee. Outside the US, the term is generally understood to mean a cake flavored with coffee.
Arab conquest of Sindh
The Arab conquest of Sindh, also known as the Muslim conquest of Sindh , took place between 711-713 AD in present-day Pakistan during which the Umayyad Caliphate defeated the Chach dynasty, the last Hindu dynasty to rule over Sindh, and incorporated Sindh (including a portion of southern Punjab and Makran) as a province of the empire, officially establishing the first Islamic entity in South Asia.

Chach dynasty
The Chach dynasty (c. 632–712), also known as the Chacha dynasty or Silaij dynasty, was a Hindu Brahmin dynasty that ruled the Sindh region, after usurping and overthrowing the Buddhist Rai dynasty of Sindh. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chach Nama, a historical account of the Chach-Brahmin dynasty.

The members of the dynasty continued to administer parts of Sindh under the Umayyad Caliphate's Caliphal province of Sind after it fell in 712. These rulers include Hullishāh and Shishah.
Music and mathematics
Music theory analyzes the pitch, timing, and structure of music. It uses mathematics to study elements of music such as tempo, chord progression, form, and meter. The attempt to structure and communicate new ways of composing and hearing music has led to musical applications of set theory, abstract algebra and number theory.

While music theory has no axiomatic foundation in modern mathematics, the basis of musical sound can be described mathematically (using acoustics) and exhibits "a remarkable array of number properties".

Pitch (music)
Pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale. 
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property; it is a subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in psychoacoustics, and has been instrumental in forming and testing theories of sound representation, processing, and perception in the auditory system.
Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.

Matsushima
Matsushima (松島) is a group of islands in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.  There are some 260 tiny islands (shima) covered in pines (matsu) – hence the name – and it is considered to be one of the Three Views of Japan.

Nearby cultural properties include Zuigan-ji, Entsū-in, Kanrantei, and the Satohama shell mound.
Yuck (band)
Yuck was a British rock band from London that formed in 2009. The band was founded by vocalist-guitarists Daniel Blumberg and Max Bloom after they both left the band Cajun Dance Party, alongside bassist Mariko Doi and drummer Jonny Rogoff.

The band's self-titled debut album was released through Fat Possum on 21 February 2011 in the United Kingdom. Lead vocalist Blumberg left Yuck in 2013, and Bloom took over the position beginning with the band's second album.

Critics have likened Yuck to bands such as Dinosaur Jr., The Smashing Pumpkins, Pavement, My Bloody Valentine and Sonic Youth.

Yuck (Yuck album)
Yuck is the debut eponomyous studio album by English indie rock band Yuck. The album was released on CD and digital download on 15 February 2011 on the Fat Possum Records label in the United States and on 21 February 2011 on the Mercury Records label in the United Kingdom.
Sonning Lane
Sonning Lane is a cricket and hockey ground in Sonning near Reading, Berkshire, England. It is located on a road called Sonning Lane between the A4 road and the village of Sonning, hence the name.

Sonny Lane is the home of Reading Cricket Club. In 1988 Berkshire played Cornwall in the grounds' first Minor Counties Championship match, and the county side has continued to play there regularly since.  This has also brought List-A cricket to the ground, starting with Berkshire's participation in the 1991 NatWest Trophy.  There have been no further List-A games since 2005.

The ground is also the home of Reading Hockey Club who enter teams in both the Men's and Women's England Hockey Leagues.  The ground has also hosted several men's and women's international matches.

Reading Hockey Club
Reading Hockey Club is a professional field hockey club based at Sonning Lane in the English town of Reading. It is one of the most successful clubs in the United Kingdom with National League and Cup honours. The men's team have been champions of England on six occasions and the women's team on three occasions.

The men's first team play in the Men's England Hockey League Premier Division and the Ladies 1st XI team play in the Women's England Hockey League Premier Division.

RHC runs 11 men's teams, 8 ladies teams and has a flourishing junior (colts) section. It is also runs an England Hockey Talent academy. Players range from 5 to 70+ years old. RHC has over 500 senior and nearly 550 junior members and is based at a top class facility in Sonning Lane, where they have been since 1984. There are 2 pitches at the clubhouse, Sonning Lane Water and Sonning Lane Sand.