hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gunnery Division (Royal Navy)
The Gunnery Division was a Directorate of the Admiralty Naval Staff of the Royal Navy responsible for the tactical use of naval weapons and the training of naval personnel in relation to operational requirements. It was established in 1920 when the Gunnery and Torpedo Division was separated into an independent Gunnery Division and Torpedo Division. It existed until 1964 when the Department of Admiralty was abolished and replaced by a new Ministry of Defence.

Admiralty Naval Staff
The Admiralty Naval Staff was the former senior command, operational planning, policy and strategy department within the British Admiralty. It was established in 1917 and existed until 1964 when the department of the Admiralty was abolished. It was replaced by the Ministry of Defence (Naval Staff) as part of the Ministry of Defence Navy Department.
Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah
Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah (Arabic: سعد العبد الله السالم الصباح, romanized: Saʿad al-ʿAbdullāh as-Sālim as-Sabāh) (13 May 1930 – 13 May 2008) was the Emir of Kuwait from 15 January 2006, succeeding Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, until abdicating nine days later on 24 January. Prior to that he had been Prime Minister of Kuwait from 1978 to 2006.

Saad was a general commander in the Military of Kuwait; in addition, the first to head the Kuwaiti Ministry of Interior until 16 February 1978 and the first military officer to head the Ministry of Defense since 1964.

Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah
Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (29 June 1926 – 15 January 2006) (Arabic: الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح, romanized: ash-Shaykh Jābir al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ), also known as Jaber III, was the prince of Kuwait  from 31 December 1977 until his death in 2006.

The third monarch to rule Kuwait since its independence from Britain, Jaber had previously served as minister of finance and economy from 1962 to 1965 when he was appointed prime minister prior to becoming Kuwait's ruler. He was the 13th ruler in the family dynasty.
Road Rats Motorcycle Club
The Road Rats Motorcycle Club (RRMC) is an English outlaw motorcycle club established in London in the 1960s. Arguably one of the "oldest and toughest motorcycle clubs in the country", the Road Rats are notorious for having fallen out with almost every motorcycle club in the United Kingdom and a few outside of the UK. The club became notable for its clashes with the English Hells Angels chapter, including a shooting on Chelsea Bridge, the Satans Slaves, in which two Road Rats were killed, and for murdering one of the founders of the Cycle Tramps motorcycle gang.

Satans Slaves Motorcycle Club
The Satans Slaves Motorcycle Club (SSMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in Shipley, England in 1966. The Satans Slaves MC is one of the largest outlaw biker clubs in the United Kingdom and has 29 chapters in England and Germany.
Nepenthes mikei
Nepenthes mikei /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈmɪkiaɪ/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. It is characterised by its black mottled lower and upper pitchers. The species is closely related to N. angasanensis and N. tobaica.

The specific epithet mikei honours Mike Hopkins, who co-discovered the species with the describing authors.

Nepenthes tobaica
Nepenthes tobaica /nɪˈpɛnθiːz toʊˈbaɪkə/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. It is particularly abundant around Lake Toba, after which it is named.

Nepenthes tobaica is closely related to N. angasanensis, N. gracilis, N. mikei, and N. reinwardtiana.
Spanish ship Salvador del Mundo
Salvador del Mundo was a 112-gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy built at Ferrol, Spain, in 1787 to plans by José Romero y Fernández de Landa, one of the eight very large ships of the line of the Santa Ana class, also known as los Meregildos. Salvador del Mundo served during the French Revolutionary Wars until its capture at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent by a Royal Navy fleet on 14 February 1797. Salvador del Mundo remained in British hands throughout the Napoleonic Wars, serving as a harbour ship, until it was sold and broken up in 1815.

Spanish ship Santa Ana (1784)
Santa Ana was a 112-gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy built to plans drawn by engineer Miguel de la Puente following a specification issued by José Romero y Fernández de Landa. Her actual constructor at Ferrol was Honorato Bouyón. She was the prototype and lead ship of the Santa Ana class, also known as los Meregildos, which were built during the following years at Ferrol and Havana and which formed the backbone of the Spanish Navy - the other ships were the Mexicano, Conde de Regla, Salvador del Mundo, Real Carlos, San Hermenegildo, Reina María Luisa and Príncipe de Asturias. Her dimensions were 213.4 Burgos feet (one foot = 0.2786m, so ~ 59m) long, 58 feet (~ 16m) in the beam and a total tonnage of 2,112 tonnes.
Kassel Hauptbahnhof
Kassel Hauptbahnhof is a Deutsche Bahn railway station in the city of Kassel, in the German state of Hesse. Situated in the central borough of Mitte, it is the city's second important railway station after the opening of Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe in 1991; and so it is the only Hauptbahnhof that is not the main station of its city.

Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe station
Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe is a railway station in the city of Kassel, in the German state of Hesse. It is the city's most important railway station, as it is connected to the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed rail line, with Intercity Express services calling at the station.
Barbaridactylus
Barbaridactylus is a nyctosaurid pterosaur from the Ouled Abdoun Basin of Morocco, a basin that dates back to the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous. It was published in 2018 by paleontologists Nicholas R. Longrich, David M. Martill, and Brian Andres. In the same publication, two other pterosaurs from the same basin were described: Alcione and Simurghia. The type and only species is B. grandis.

Alcione elainus
Alcione is a genus of pterosaur from the Ouled Abdoun Basin of Morocco, dating back to the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. Only one species, A. elainus, is known. This pterosaur lived in a marine environment alongside several other pterosaurs, including Simurghia and Barbaridactylus.
Shenfield railway station
Shenfield railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line in the East of England, serving the suburb of Shenfield, Essex. As well as being a key interchange for medium- and long-distance services on the main line, it is also the western terminus of the Shenfield to Southend Line branch line and one of two eastern termini of the Elizabeth line. The station is 20 miles 16 chains (32.51 km) down the line from Liverpool Street; it is situated between Brentwood and either Ingatestone on the main line or Billericay on the branch line.

The station sees trains operated by Greater Anglia to main line destinations including London Liverpool Street, Chelmsford, Colchester and Ipswich; as well as branch line stations such as Southend Victoria, Southminster, Braintree, Harwich Town, Colchester Town and Clacton-on-Sea. Elizabeth line services stop at all stations westbound towards Liverpool Street, London Paddington and Heathrow Terminal 5.

Clacton-on-Sea railway station
Clacton-on-Sea railway station is one of the two eastern termini of the Sunshine Coast Line in the East of England, serving the town of Clacton-on-Sea, Essex. The line is a branch that diverges from the Great Eastern Main Line at Colchester, from where trains also run to Colchester Town and Walton-on-the-Naze. It is 69 miles 56 chains (112.17 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street. Its three-letter station code is CLT and it is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving the station.
Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research
The Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research (IBER; Malay: Institut Penyelidikan Biodiversiti dan Alam Sekitar; Jawi: اينستيتوت ڤڽليديقن بيوديۏرسيتي دان عالم سکيتر) in Brunei Darussalam (Borneo/Southeast Asia) is a research institute of Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) dedicated to biodiversity and environmental sciences research and education. IBER's location within the northwest Borneo hotspot offers unique opportunities for long-term studies in both terrestrial and marine tropical ecosystems.

Universiti Brunei Darussalam
The Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD or University of Brunei Darussalam) is a public national research university situated in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei, was founded in 1985 and is the oldest institution in the country. Nine research institutes, six academic service centres, and eight academic faculties make up the institution.
Phil Walsh (English footballer)
Phillip Andrew Walsh (born 4 February 1984) is an English former professional footballer. His father Alan Walsh was also a professional footballer, making over 400 appearances in the Football League. Walsh was part of the Dagenham and Redbridge team that won promotion at Wembley to reach Football League 1 in the 2009/2010 season.

Alan Walsh (footballer)
Alan Walsh (born 9 December 1956) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger or striker. He spent much of his career with Bristol City and Darlington, where he was the club's record goalscorer. He won two Turkish Süper Lig championships with Beşiktaş.
Brosimum
Brosimum is a genus of plants in the family Moraceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas.

The breadnut (B. alicastrum) was used by the Maya civilization for its edible nut. The dense vividly colored scarlet wood of B. rubescens is used for decorative woodworking. B. guianense, or snakewood, has a mottled snake-skin pattern, and is among the densest woods, with a very high stiffness; it was the wood of choice for making of bows for musical instruments of the violin family until the late 18th century, when it was replaced by the more easily worked brazilwood (Paubrasilia echinata). Plants of this genus are otherwise used for timber, building materials, and in a cultural context.

Bufotenin has been identified as a component in the latex of the takini (Brosimum acutifolium) tree, which is used as a psychedelic by South American shamans.

Brosimum guianense
Brosimum guianense, called snakewood, letterwood, leopardwood, and amourette, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Brosimum, native to southern Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America. A tree reaching 40 m (130 ft), its heartwood can command a price of $30 per kg.
Snoqualmie Tunnel
The Snoqualmie Tunnel is a former railroad tunnel near Snoqualmie Pass in the U.S. state of Washington, located east of Seattle. The tunnel crosses the Cascade Range about three miles (5 km) south of the pass, which is used by Interstate 90, on the border between King County and Kittitas County. It is 11,894 feet (2.253 mi; 3.625 km) long and is at an approximate elevation of 2,600 feet (790 m) above sea level, just north of Keechelus Lake. Its east portal is at Hyak.

The tunnel was originally constructed for the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in the early 1910s and was abandoned in 1980. It now serves as part of a rail trail in Iron Horse State Park, known officially as the Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail. The trail was formerly known as the John Wayne Pioneer Trail and commonly called the Iron Horse Trail. A major renovation to the walls, ceiling, and path were completed in July 2011 after a two-year closure.

Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail
The Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail, formerly known as the John Wayne Pioneer Trail and the Iron Horse Trail, is a rail trail that spans most of the U.S. state of Washington. It follows the former railway roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad (Milwaukee Road) for 300 miles (480 km) across two-thirds of the state, from the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains to the Idaho border.

The former Milwaukee Road roadbed was acquired by the state of Washington via a quitclaim deed, and is used as a non-motorized recreational trail managed by the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission and by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources. State legislation "railbanked" the corridor with provisions that allow for the reversion to railroad usage in the future.
Nagasawa Katsutate
Nagasawa Katsutate (長澤雄楯) (September 14, 1858 – October 10, 1940) was a Japanese Shinto priest and spiritual teacher. He was the spiritual teacher of Deguchi Onisaburo, Tomokiyo Yoshisane, and Nakano Yonosuke, all of whom were founders of notable Japanese new religions.

Onisaburo Deguchi
Onisaburo Deguchi (出口 王仁三郎, Deguchi Onisaburō), born Kisaburō Ueda 上田 喜三郎 (1871–1948) was a Japanese religious leader. Together with his mother-in-law Nao Deguchi, he was one of the two spiritual leaders of the Oomoto religious movement in Japan. While Nao Deguchi is the Foundress (開祖, Kaiso) of Oomoto, Onisaburo Deguchi is the Holy Teacher (聖師, Seishi).
Yamada joseki
In shogi, the Yamada joseki is a joseki for a Rapid Attack Static Rook vs Fourth File Rook opening.

It is named after Michiyoshi Yamada.

The Yamada joseki starts after the Static Rook player has developed a Left Silver-57 Rapid Attack formation with a Boat castle and the Ranging Rook player has constructed a Mino castle and kept their bishop diagonal closed.

After this position, the joseki details balanced play for four different responses to the Static Rook formation initiated by the Fourth File Rook opponent.

Left Silver-57 Rapid Attack
Left Silver-57 Rapid Attack or Left Silver-5g Rapid Attack or Left Silver-5g Quick Attack (5七銀左急戦 go-nana gin hidari kyuusen) is a fast attacking strategy in shogi used with several different Static Rook openings often played by Black against Ranging Rook positions played by White. It is characterized by moving the left silver from its start position on 79 to the 57 square.

The Static Rook position is usually combined with a Boat castle.
Sainik School, Gopalganj
Sainik School, Gopalganj is a Sainik School  established by the Sainik Schools Society in 2003. It is located near Gopalganj, Bihar,  in the Sipaya village, at an altitude of about 30 metres (98 ft) above sea level,  8 km (5.0 mi) from Kuchaikote in Gopalganj district of the state of Bihar, India. Affiliated to CBSE Affiliation No.: 380003, School No.: 65126. The School has celebrated its 21st Raising Day on 12th Oct 2023.

Gopalganj district, India
Gopalganj district is one of the administrative districts in the Indian state of Bihar. The district headquarters is the town of Gopalganj, and the district is part of Saran Division. Major languages spoken are Hindi and Bhojpuri. Gopalganj located in west Bihar.
Fifth normal form
Fifth normal form (5NF), also known as projection–join normal form (PJ/NF), is a level of database normalization designed to remove redundancy in relational databases recording multi-valued facts by isolating semantically related multiple relationships. A table is said to be in the 5NF if and only if every non-trivial join dependency in that table is implied by the candidate keys. It is the final normal form as far as removing redundancy is concerned.

A 6NF also exists, but its purpose is not to remove redundancy and it is therefore only adopted by a few data warehouses, where it can be useful to make tables irreducible.

A join dependency *{A, B, … Z} on R is implied by the candidate key(s) of R if and only if each of A, B, …, Z is a superkey for R.

The fifth normal form was first described by Ronald Fagin in his 1979 conference paper Normal forms and relational database operators.

Sixth normal form
Sixth normal form (6NF) is a normal form used in relational database normalization which extends the relational algebra and generalizes relational operators (such as join) to support interval data, which can be useful in temporal databases.

The term 6NF has historically also been used to refer to another normalization degree, which today is more commonly known as domain-key normal form (DKNF) (see Other meanings).
Hari
Hari (Sanskrit: हरि) is among the primary epithets of the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu, meaning 'the one who takes away' (sins). It refers to the one who removes darkness and illusion, the one who removes all obstacles to spiritual progress.

The name Hari also appears as the 650th name of Vishnu in the Vishnu Sahasranama of the Mahabharata and is considered to be of great significance in Vaishnavism.

Vishnu Sahasranama
The Vishnu Sahasranama (Sanskrit: विष्णुसहस्रनाम, romanized: viṣṇusahasranāma) is a Sanskrit hymn containing a list of the 1,000 names of Vishnu, one of the main deities in Hinduism and the Supreme God in Vaishnavism. It is one of the most sacred and popular stotras in Hinduism. The most popular version of the Vishnu Sahasranama is featured in the Anushasana Parva of the epic Mahabharata. Other versions exist in the Padma Purana, the Skanda Purana, and the Garuda Purana. There is also a Sikh version of the Vishnu Sahasranama found in the work Sundar Gutka.
James Francis Thomas
Major James Francis Thomas (25 July 1861 – 11 November 1942), was a solicitor from Tenterfield, New South Wales.

As Major Thomas, he defended Lieutenants Peter Joseph Handcock, George Ramsdale Witton, and Harry "Breaker" Morant, of the Bushveldt Carbineers (BVC) of the British Army, in their trial for the murder of nine Boer prisoners-of-war during the Second Boer War.

George Witton
George Ramsdale Witton (28 June 1874 – 14 August 1942) was a lieutenant in the Bushveldt Carbineers in the Boer War in South Africa. He was sentenced to death for murder after the shooting of nine Boer prisoners. He was subsequently reprieved by Lieutenant-General Viscount Kitchener on the grounds that he was following the orders of his colleagues. However, Lieutenants Peter Handcock and Harry "Breaker" Morant, who were court martialled with him, were both executed by firing squad on 27 February 1902.
Leroy Anderson
Leroy Anderson (/ləˈrɔɪ/ lə-ROY; June 29, 1908 – May 18, 1975) was an American composer of short, light concert pieces, many of which were introduced by the Boston Pops Orchestra under the direction of Arthur Fiedler. John Williams described him as "one of the great American masters of light orchestral music."

Arthur Fiedler
Arthur Fiedler (December 17, 1894 – July 10, 1979) was an American conductor known for his association with both the Boston Symphony and Boston Pops orchestras. With a combination of musicianship and showmanship, he made the Boston Pops one of the best-known orchestras in the United States. Fiedler was sometimes criticized for over-popularizing music, particularly when adapting popular songs or editing portions of the classical repertoire, but he kept performances informal and sometimes self-mocking to attract a bigger audience.
Area code 478
Area code 478 is a telephone area code serving part of the state of Georgia, in the United States. It covers Macon and central Georgia (Warner Robins, Swainsboro, Wadley, Milledgeville, Hawkinsville, Eastman, Cochran, Dublin, Perry). It was formerly part of area code 912. The new area code, along with area code 229 (for Southwestern Georgia), became effective in 2001 in a 3-way split.

Prior to October 2021, area code 478 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021.

Area code 912
Area code 912 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia.  The numbering plan area contains Savannah, Richmond Hill, Hinesville, Vidalia, Metter, Reidsville, Homerville, Waycross, Brunswick, Folkston, Douglas, Statesboro, Ludowici, Jesup and Kingsland. The area code was created in 1954 in an area code split from area code 404, which had been assigned to the entire state in 1947.

In May 2025, the Georgia Public Service Commission announced the future conversion of the NPA into an overlay complex with new area code 565 in relief of anticipated central office code exhaustion by 2028.
ALA-10
ALA-10, also known as 1-acetyl-LAE (1A-LAE), is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the 1-acetyl derivative of LAE-32. 1-Acetylated lysergamides like ALD-52 (1-acetyl-LSD; 1A-LSD) are thought to function as prodrugs via deacetylation to the 1-unsubstituted analogues, which in the case of ALD-52 is LSD.

LAE-32
Lysergic acid ethylamide (LAE-32 or LAE) is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is reported to have some LSD-like effects but is weaker and shorter lasting, with an active dose reported to be between 0.5 and 1.4 mg.

It was studied by the CIA as part of Project MKULTRA. Documents published by the CIA under the Freedom of Information Act suggest it causes "a schizophrenia-like condition" but it allows people with schizophrenia to remain indifferent to their disorder. The drug has also been studied in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.

LAE-32 was first described in the scientific literature by Albert Hofmann and colleagues by 1955. It is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.
Laikipia County
Laikipia County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya, located on the Equator in Northern Mount Kenya region. Laikipia is a cosmopolitan county and is listed as county number 31. The county has two major urban centres: Nanyuki to the southeast, and Nyahururu to the southwest. Its county government headquarters town is Rumuruti.

The county lies between latitudes 0° 18" South and 0° 51" North and between longitudes 36° 11" and 37° 24' East. It borders Samburu County to the north, Isiolo County to the north east, Meru County to the east, Nyeri County to the south east, Nyandarua County to the south, Nakuru County to the south west and Baringo County to the west.

Economic activities in the county consists mainly of tourism and agriculture, chiefly grain crops, ranching and greenhouse horticulture.

The county encompasses the high, dry Laikipia Plateau, and has a cool, temperate climate with both rainy and dry seasons.

Nakuru County
Nakuru County is located in Kenya. It is number 32 out of the 47 Kenyan counties. Nakuru is a host to Kenya's Fourth City – Nakuru City, whereby it was awarded a City Charter on 1 December 2021, by President Uhuru Kenyatta, ranking it with Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu, as the other big cities in Kenya. With a population of 453,000 as per 2025 census, it is the third most populous county in Kenya after Nairobi County and Kiambu County, in that order. With an area of 7,496.5 km2,  it is Kenya's 19th largest county in size. Until 21 August 2010, it formed part of Rift Valley Province.
Bubble chamber
A bubble chamber is a vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid (most often liquid hydrogen) used to detect electrically charged particles moving through it. It was invented in 1952 by Donald A. Glaser, for which he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics. Supposedly, Glaser was inspired by the bubbles in a glass of beer; however,  in a 2006 talk, he refuted this story, although saying that while beer was not the inspiration for the bubble chamber, he did experiments using beer to fill early prototypes.

While bubble chambers were extensively used in the past, they have now mostly been supplanted by wire chambers, spark chambers, drift chambers, and silicon detectors. Notable bubble chambers include the Big European Bubble Chamber (BEBC) and Gargamelle.

Wire chamber
A wire chamber or multi-wire proportional chamber is a type of proportional counter that detects charged particles and photons and can give positional information on their trajectory, by tracking the trails of gaseous ionization.
The technique was an improvement over the bubble chamber particle detection method, which used photographic techniques, as it allowed high speed electronics to track the particle path.