hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muslim nationalism in South Asia
From a historical perspective, Professor Ishtiaq Ahmed of the Stockholm University and Professor Shamsul Islam of the University of Delhi classified the Muslims of Colonial India into two categories during the era of the Indian independence movement: nationalist Muslims (Indian Muslims who opposed the partition of India and aligned with Indian nationalism) and Muslim nationalists (individuals who desired to create a separate country for Indian Muslims). The All India Azad Muslim Conference represented nationalist Muslims, while the All-India Muslim League represented the Muslim nationalists. One such popular debate was the Madani–Iqbal debate.

Madani–Iqbal debate
The Madani–Iqbal debate was a debate between Islamic scholars of 20th century British India, Hussain Ahmad Madani and Muhammad Iqbal, on the question of nationalism in the late 1930s. Madani's position throughout the debate was to insist on the Islamic legitimacy of embracing a culturally plural, secular democracy as the best and the only realistic future for India's Muslims whereas Iqbal insisted on a religiously defined, homogeneous Muslim society. Madani and Iqbal both appreciated this point and they never advocated the creation of an absolute Islamic state. They differed only in their first step. According to Madani, the first step was the freedom of India for which composite nationalism was necessary. According to Iqbal, the first step was the creation of a community of Muslims in the Muslim-majority land.
Mount Crested Butte, Colorado
Mt. Crested Butte is a home rule municipality in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. Mount Crested Butte is the home of the Crested Butte Mountain Resort. The population was 941 at the 2020 census. ZIP code 81225 serves post office boxes for Mount Crested Butte and for neighboring Crested Butte; mail must be addressed to Crested Butte.

Crested Butte, Colorado
Crested Butte is a home rule town located in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,639 at the 2020 United States census. A former coal mining town nestled in the Slate River Valley, Crested Butte is now known as a destination for skiing, mountain biking, and outdoor activities.
Cumnock Burgh (ward)
Cumnock Burgh was one of 10 electoral wards of Cumnock and Doon Valley District Council. Created in 1974, the ward elected one councillor using the first-past-the-post voting electoral system.

The ward was a Labour stronghold as the party successfully held the seat at every election since its creation until it was abolished.

In 1984, the ward was abolished and the area covered by it split between three newly created wards – Cumnock East, Cumnock South and Old Cumnock and Cumnock West and Auchinleck.

Cumnock West and Auchinleck (ward)
Cumnock West and Auchinleck was one of 30 electoral wards of East Ayrshire Council. Originally created in 1984, the ward was initially within Cumnock and Doon Valley District Council before the local government reforms in the 1990s. The ward elected one councillor using the first-past-the-post voting electoral system.

The ward was a Labour stronghold as the party successfully held the seat at every election.

In 1999, the ward was abolished with the area represented by the ward placed into the new Cumnock West and Ochiltree, Skares, Netherthird and Craigens wards and the re-established Auchinleck ward.
Legislative Council of Singapore
The Legislative Council of the Colony of Singapore was the legislative council of Singapore that assisted the governor in making laws in the colony. It officially came into existence in 1946, when the  Straits Settlements (Repeal) Act 1946 abolished the Straits Settlements, and made Singapore a Crown colony that would need its own legislative council. Based on existing systems already in place when the council operated under the Straits Settlements, it was partially opened for public voting in 1948, before being replaced by the Legislative Assembly in 1953.

Legislative Assembly of Singapore
The Legislative Assembly of Singapore was the unicameral legislature that governed Singapore from 1955 to 1965 during its transition from a British colony to a self-governing state. Established under the Rendel Constitution, it marked a significant shift toward representative government, with a majority of its members elected by the public. The Assembly underwent constitutional reforms in 1958 to provide for full internal self-government, and it functioned as the legislature of the State of Singapore until the country's full independence in 1965. It was then succeeded by the Parliament of Singapore, which continues to serve as the country's legislative authority.
5th (Huntingdonshire) Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment
The Huntingdonshire Cyclist Battalion was a bicycle infantry battalion of the British Army. Formed in the Territorial Force in February 1914, it remained in the United Kingdom throughout the First World War. After the war, in 1920, it was converted to infantry and became the 5th (Huntingdonshire) Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment, in the Territorial Army. The battalion saw extensive service in the Second World War, fighting in France in 1940, Tunisia from 1942–43 and later Sicily and Italy from 1943–45 before ending the war in May 1945 in Austria. It continued to serve after the Second World War until May 1961 when it was amalgamated with the 4th Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment, to form the 4th/5th Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment.

1st Northamptonshire Rifle Volunteer Corps
The 1st Northamptonshire Rifle Volunteers were a unit of the British Army raised from 1859 onwards as a group of originally separate Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs). They later became the 4th Volunteer Battalion of the Northamptonshire Regiment and saw action in the Gallipoli and Palestine campaigns during the First World War. Converted into a searchlight unit between the wars, they served in the defence of the United Kingdom and as an infantry regiment in liberated Norway during the Second World War. Postwar they continued in the air defence role until 1961 when they reverted to infantry as part of the Royal Anglian Regiment.
IHCH-7079
IHCH-7079 is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor biased agonist of the pyridopyrroloquinoxaline family. It was derived via structural simplification of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist and atypical antipsychotic lumateperone. The drug produces antidepressant-like effects but not psychedelic-like effects in rodents. Other related compounds include IHCH-7086, which is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor biased agonist similarly, and IHCH-7113, which produces the head-twitch response in rodents and hence would be expected to be hallucinogenic in humans.

IHCH-7086
IHCH-7086 is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor biased agonist of the pyridopyrroloquinoxaline family. It was derived via structural simplification of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist and atypical antipsychotic lumateperone. The drug produces antidepressant-like effects but not psychedelic-like effects in rodents. Other related compounds include IHCH-7079, which is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor biased agonist similarly, and IHCH-7113, which produces the head-twitch response in rodents and hence would be expected to be hallucinogenic in humans.
Hannington, Wiltshire
Hannington is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of Highworth, within the Borough of Swindon. The parish includes the hamlets of Hannington Wick (north of Hannington village) and Swanborough (south, on the border with Highworth parish). The River Thames forms both the northern boundary of the parish and the county boundary with Gloucestershire.

John Marius Wilson of the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales in 1870 described the village of Hannington as:

A village and a parish in Highworth district, Wilts. The village stands 2 miles W by N of Highworth, 2 S of the river Thames at the boundary with Gloucester, and 7 NE of Swindon Junction r. station; is a pretty place, built in the form of the letter Y; and has a post office under Swindon.

Highworth
Highworth is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Swindon, England, about 6 miles (10 km) north-east of Swindon town centre. The 2021 Census recorded a population of 8,258. The town is notable for its Queen Anne and Georgian buildings, dating from its pre-eminence in the 18th century. It also has a 13th-century church, St. Michael and All Angels. The parish includes Sevenhampton village and the hamlets of Hampton and Redlands.
Anu-Hkongso language
Anu-Hkongso (also spelled Anu-Khongso) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken between the Kaladan and Michaung rivers in Paletwa Township, Chin State, Burma. It is closely related to Mru, forming the Mruic language branch, whose position within Sino-Tibetan is unclear. It consists of two dialects, Anu (Añú) and Hkongso (Khongso, Khaungtso).

Hkongso and Anu speakers self-identify as ethnic Chin people, although the Anu-Hkongso language is not classified as a Kuki-Chin language. Most Anu and Hkongso speakers can also speak Khumi. Anung has 72-76% lexical similarity with Mro-Khimi although mutual intelligibility is low, and  23-37% lexical similarity with neighbouring Chin languages.

A written orthography for Khongso was created in 2014 by Rev. Kyaw Kyaw and the Language and Social Development Organization.

Mru language
Mru, also known as Mrung (Murung), is a Sino-Tibetan language of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It is spoken by a community of Mrus (Mros) inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh with a population of 22,000 according to the 1991 census, and in Rakhine State, Myanmar. The Mrus are the second-largest tribal group in Bandarban District of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. A small group of Mros also live in Rangamati Hill District.
LNER Thompson Class A2/2
The London and North Eastern Railway Class A2/2 was a class of six 4-6-2 steam locomotives rebuilt by Edward Thompson in 1943 and 1944 from his predecessor Sir Nigel Gresley's P2 Class of 2-8-2 express passenger locomotives. The rebuilds improved reliability and reduced maintenance, but also suffered from a variety of issues during service, and all were withdrawn and scrapped between 1959 and 1961.

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
Nellie Griswold Francis
Nellie F. Griswold Francis (November 7, 1874 – December 13, 1969) was an African-American suffragist, civic leader, and civil rights activist. Francis founded and led the Everywoman Suffrage Club, an African-American suffragist group that helped win women the right to vote in Minnesota. She initiated, drafted, and lobbied for the adoption of a state anti-lynching bill that was signed into law in 1921. When she and her lawyer husband, William T. Francis, bought a home in a white neighborhood, they were the targets of a Ku Klux Klan terror campaign. In 1927, she moved to Monrovia, Liberia with her husband when he was appointed U.S. envoy to Liberia. He died there from yellow fever in 1929. Francis is one of 25 women honored for their roles in achieving the women's right to vote in the Minnesota Woman Suffrage Memorial on the grounds of the State Capitol.

William T. Francis
William T. Francis (March 26, 1870 – July 15, 1929) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from Minnesota. He was a successful personal and civil rights lawyer, winning discrimination cases against the police and employers, and successfully lobbying for state anti-discrimination and anti-lynching legislation. He was the U.S. Minister Resident/Consul General in Liberia, the first African-American diplomat from Minnesota. In Liberia, Francis conducted a nine-month inquiry into allegations of government involvement in slavery and forced labor. He died in post in Liberia of yellow fever. His report helped achieve a League of Nations investigation that ultimately forced the president, Charles D.B. King, and the vice president of Liberia, Allen Yancy, to resign in 1930.
IBM PS/ValuePoint
The PS/ValuePoint (or just ValuePoint) personal computer was IBM's answer to the PC clone market, where the IBM PS/2 could not compete due to price and proprietary interfaces. Announced in October 1992 and withdrawn in July 1995, it was replaced by the IBM PC Series 300.

IBM PC Series
The Personal Computer Series, or PC Series, was IBM's follow-up to the Personal System/2 and PS/ValuePoint. Announced in October 1994 and withdrawn in October 2000, it was replaced by the IBM NetVista, apart from the Pentium Pro-based PC360 and PC365, which were replaced by the IBM IntelliStation. The PC series was more business-oriented than the Aptiva line.
Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester
Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester (born Birgitte Eva van Deurs Henriksen; 20 June 1946) is a Danish-born member of the British royal family. She is married to Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, a grandson of King George V.

Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester (Richard Alexander Walter George; born 26 August 1944), is a member of the British royal family. He is the second son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, the youngest of the nine grandchildren of George V, nephew of Edward VIII and George VI, and first cousin of Elizabeth II. He is 32nd in the line of succession to the British throne, and the highest person on the list who is not a descendant of George VI. At the time of his birth, he was fifth in line to the throne.

Richard practised as an architect until the death of his elder brother, William, placed him in direct line to inherit his father's dukedom of Gloucester, to which he succeeded in 1974. He married Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen on 8 July 1972. They have three children.
CheapTickets
CheapTickets is an online travel services company focusing on the leisure market, offering airline tickets, hotel and vacation rentals, rental cars, customized vacation packages, and cruises. CheapTickets was a wholly owned subsidiary of Orbitz Worldwide, Inc., and with Expedia Inc.'s purchase of Orbitz, it is now a subsidiary of Expedia Group.

Expedia Group
Expedia Group, Inc. is an American travel technology company that owns and operates travel fare aggregators and travel metasearch engines, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Vrbo, Travelocity, Hotwire.com, Orbitz, Ebookers, CheapTickets, CarRentals.com, Expedia Cruises, Wotif, and Trivago. Over 3.5 million lodging facilities and flights on over 500 airlines are bookable on the company's websites. It has 16,500 employees, and its headquarters are located in Seattle, Washington.

The word "Expedia" is derived from a combination of "exploration" and "speed". The company is listed on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol EXPE.
Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti
Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti (Committee for Integration with Maharashtra)( abbr. MES) is a linguistic  socio-political committee based in Belgaum city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It acts as a party demanding the merger Belagavi district in Karnataka with the Maharashtra. The president of Maharashtra ekikaran samiti for 22 years was late Vasantrao Parashram Patil. He was elected twice from Khanapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency. He had stronghold leader from MES in Bellagavi. He had good relations with NCP chief  Sharad Pawar. Since his early age he had participated in the struggle.

Khanapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency
Khanapur Assembly constituency is one of the 224 assembly constituencies in the state of Karnataka in India. It is one of the eight constituencies which make up Uttara Kannada Lok Sabha constituency. It has been a stronghold of Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti (MES) whose candidates tend to contest as independents because it is not officially recognized as a party. In 1962, MES contested the election under its own official name.
Prophet-5
The Prophet-5 is an analog synthesizer manufactured by the American company Sequential. It was designed by Dave Smith and John Bowen in 1977. It was the first polyphonic synthesizer with fully programmable memory.

Before the Prophet-5, synthesizers required users to adjust controls to change sounds, with no guarantee of exactly recreating a sound. Sequential used microprocessors to allow users to recall sounds instantly rather than having to recreate them manually. The Prophet-5 facilitated a move from synthesizers creating unpredictable sounds to producing "a standard package of familiar sounds".: 385

The Prophet-5 became a market leader and was widely used in popular music and film soundtracks. In 1981, Sequential released a 10-voice, double-keyboard version, the Prophet-10. Sequential introduced new versions in 2020, and it has been emulated in software synthesizers and hardware. Sequential also released several further Prophet synthesizers, such as the Prophet '08.

Prophet '08
The Prophet '08 is a polyphonic analog synthesizer released by Dave Smith Instruments (DSI) in 2007. As with DSI's other instruments, the Prophet '08 uses analog subtractive synthesis. Similar in functionality to the renowned Sequential Circuits Prophet-5 popularized in the 1970s (also designed by Dave Smith), the Prophet '08 has an all analog signal path; however its envelopes are generated digitally.

In 2017, the Prophet '08 was superseded by the Prophet Rev2, which is available in 8-voice and 16-voice versions as well as keyboard and module variants. The Prophet Rev2 added waveshape modulation, improved onboard effects, a sub oscillator and a polyphonic sequencer.
M1 (Queensland)
The M1 in Queensland, Australia, is a major urban road corridor. It connects the Sunshine Coast hinterland to Tugun, near the New South Wales and Queensland border, via the following corridors:

Bruce Highway between Curra and Bald Hills

Gateway Motorway between Bald Hills and Eight Mile Plains

Pacific Motorway between Eight Mile Plains and Tugun

The Pacific Motorway continues on south from the M1 into New South Wales, while the Bruce Highway continues further north from the M1 up the Queensland coast. Both of these roads and the M1 itself are part of the line of route of National Highway 1, although M1 signage is used for that part of the corridor.

Gateway Motorway
The Gateway Motorway (M2 to Eight Mile Plains and M1 to Bald Hills) is a major tolled motorway in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia which includes the Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges (former Gateway Bridge). The motorway is operated by toll road operator Transurban.

It bypasses Brisbane in order to provide easier access between the Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, Ipswich and Toowoomba. It runs from the M2 Logan Motorway in Drewvale (near Browns Plains) to the Bruce Highway in Bald Hills. At the interchange with the Pacific Motorway at Eight Mile Plains (Pacific Motorway exit 16), its original terminus pre-1997, the route number changes from M2 (Logan Motorway – Pacific Motorway) to M1 (Pacific Motorway – Bruce Highway (Gympie Arterial Road)). The Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges are part of the Gateway Motorway and the Motorway provides access to the Port of Brisbane, Brisbane Airport and Brisbane Entertainment Centre.

According to Transurban the motorway was used by 125,000 vehicles per day in 2023.
Paul Huff Parkway
The C.S.M. Paul B. Huff Medal of Honor Memorial Parkway, more commonly known as Paul Huff Parkway or simply Paul Huff, is a major east–west thoroughfare which runs through northern Cleveland, Tennessee. While not a numbered highway, it serves as a connector between U.S. Route 11 (US 11) and State Route 60 (SR 60) as well as to Interstate 75 (I-75), and is one of the principal arterial roads in the city. The parkway is maintained by the city of Cleveland.

Paul Huff Parkway was originally constructed between 1985 and 1988 to serve as a connector between I-75 and an industrial area in the northeastern part of Cleveland. Since then, its corridor has grown to become the top producer of sales tax revenue in the city. In 2022 the parkway had an annual average daily traffic (AADT) volume of 28,502 vehicles, one of the highest volumes on any road in the area. The road is named in honor of Paul B. Huff, a Cleveland-born U.S. Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient who served in World War II.

Cleveland, Tennessee
Cleveland is the county seat of and the largest city in Bradley County, Tennessee. The population was 47,356 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Cleveland metropolitan area, Tennessee (consisting of Bradley and neighboring Polk County), which is included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area.

Cleveland is the seventeenth-largest city in Tennessee and has the fifth-largest industrial economy, having thirteen Fortune 500 manufacturers.
Nene Valley Railway
The Nene Valley Railway (NVR) is a preserved railway in Cambridgeshire, England, running between Peterborough Nene Valley and Yarwell Junction.  The line is 7+1⁄2 miles (12.1 km) in length. There are stations at each terminus, and three stops en route: Orton Mere, Overton and Wansford.

Orton Mere railway station
Orton Mere is a station on the Nene Valley Railway and is situated between 
Ferry Meadows and Peterborough Nene Valley, adjacent to the River Nene.

Orton Mere provides access to the eastern end of the Nene Park. At Orton Mere, the Nene Valley Railway passes under the Orton Parkway, part of the complex road system built when Peterborough was allocated New Town status.

The station has 2 platforms. The station building is not in use.  A signal box was damaged by fire as a result of arson in March 2023, restored, and reopened in March 2024.

Orton Mere station appears in the James Bond film Octopussy and is easily identified by the flyover carrying the Nene Parkway.
SS501
SS501 (currently promoting as Five O One) is a South Korean boy band consisting of five members: Kim Hyun-joong, Heo Young-saeng, Kim Kyu-jong, Park Jung-min and Kim Hyung-jun. They debuted in 2005 with the EP Warning, which included their first number one song, "Never Again". In 2007, SS501 entered the Japanese market with the maxi single Kokoro, which debuted at number five on the Oricon chart. The following year, in 2008, they became the first South Korean artists to win the award for Best New Artist at the Japan Gold Disc Awards. SS501 has released one studio album and seven EPs in Korean, and two studio albums and three EPs in Japanese. In 2025, after 14 years of inactivity, Kim Hyun-joong, Heo Young-saeng and Kim Kyu-jong reunited for their 20th anniversary as Five O One.

Kim Hyun-joong
Kim Hyun-joong (Korean: 김현중; born June 6, 1986) is a South Korean actor, singer and songwriter. He is leader of the boy band SS501 and played roles in the Korean dramas Boys Over Flowers (2009) and Playful Kiss (2010). After debuting with SS501 in 2005, Kim released his first Korean solo album, Break Down, in 2011, and his first Japanese solo album, Unlimited, in 2012. Due to his commercial success, Kim is considered one of South Korea's biggest hallyu stars of the early 2010s.