hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Hinrich Gossler
Johann Hinrich Gossler (18 August 1738 – 31 August 1790) was a German merchant and banker. He was married to Elisabeth Berenberg (1749–1822) and succeeded his father-in-law Johann Berenberg as head of the Berenberg & Gossler company, that was renamed Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. the year following his death. During Gossler's tenure as the company's main partner it became one of the largest merchant houses of Hamburg. Many of his descendants were prominent in Hamburg society, including his grandson, Hamburg's first mayor Hermann Gossler. Some of his descendants were later ennobled as the barons von Berenberg-Gossler. The Gossler Islands in Antarctica are named in honour of his family.

Elisabeth Berenberg
Elisabeth Berenberg (2 December 1749 – 16 January 1822) was a German heiress from Hamburg, merchant banker and a member of the Berenberg family. She was the last male line member of the Flemish-origined Hanseatic Berenberg banking family in Hamburg, and ancestral mother of the von Berenberg-Gossler family, the current owners of Berenberg Bank. She is also noted as the only woman ever to serve as a partner and take an active leadership role (1790–1800) at Berenberg Bank since the company was established in 1590 by her family.
13th Illinois General Assembly
The 13th Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from December 5, 1842, to March 6, 1843 (1st session).

The 13th General Assembly was preceded by the 12th Illinois General Assembly, and was succeeded by the 14th Illinois General Assembly.

On January 14, 1841, during the 12th Illinois General Assembly, the ratio of population per Senate seat was fixed at 12,000, and for Representatives at 4,000 resulting in a Senate of forty-one members and a House of one hundred twenty-one members. This arrangement lasted until February 25, 1847, when a new apportionment was made.

12th Illinois General Assembly
The 12th Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from November 23, 1840, to December 5, 1840 (1st session) and from December 7, 1840, to March 1, 1841 (2nd session).

The 12th General Assembly was preceded by the 11th Illinois General Assembly, and was succeeded by the 13th Illinois General Assembly.
Yeovil Junction railway station
Yeovil Junction is the busier, but less central, of two railway stations serving the town of Yeovil in Somerset, England; the other is Yeovil Pen Mill. The station is sited 2 miles (3.2 km) outside the town, in the village of Stoford; although Yeovil is in Somerset, the station was in Dorset until 1991. It is located 122 miles 48 chains (197.3 km) down the line from London Waterloo.

It was opened by the London and South Western Railway in 1860, on its London to Exeter line now known as the West of England Main Line. Today, it is managed by South Western Railway and is also the home of the Yeovil Railway Centre.

Yeovil Pen Mill railway station
Yeovil Pen Mill is one of two railway stations that serve the town of Yeovil, Somerset, England; the other being Yeovil Junction. It is situated just under a mile to the east of the town centre. The station is located 59.5 miles (96 km) south of Bristol Temple Meads, on the Heart of Wessex Line. It is managed by Great Western Railway, who operate services along with South Western Railway.
Alexandre Jean-Baptiste Brun
Alexandre Jean-Baptiste Brun (Marseille, 3 November 1853, Marseille; 5 November 1941) was a French painter, a pupil of Alexandre Cabanel, Carolus-Duran and Félix Bracquemond. He is especially known for his many marine paintings and a collection of watercolors on dark wash representing orchids.

Alexandre Cabanel
Alexandre Cabanel (French: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ(ə) kabanɛl]; 28 September 1823 – 23 January 1889) was a French painter. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style. He was also well known as a portrait painter. He was Napoleon III's preferred painter and, with Gérôme and Meissonier, was one of "the three most successful artists of the Second Empire."
Graduated driver licensing
Graduated Driver Licensing (also known as GDL) systems are designed to provide new drivers with experience and skills gradually over time, reducing the risk of serious injury or death.

In traditional driver licensing systems, new drivers typically progress through three stages:

learner's permit

probationary or provisional license

full driver's license.

GDL systems often impose restrictions on nighttime driving, expressway usage, and unsupervised driving. However, these restrictions are typically lifted over time and with additional testing, eventually concluding with the individual obtaining a full driver's license.

Learner's permit
A driver's permit, learner's permit, student permit, learner's license or provisional license is a restricted license that is given to a person who is learning to drive, but has not yet satisfied the prerequisite to obtain a driver's license. Having a learner's permit for a certain length of time is usually one of the requirements (along with driver's education and a road test) for applying for a full driver's license. To get a learner's permit, one must typically pass a written permit test, take a basic competency test in the vehicle, or both.
Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome
Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome, formerly Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome and sometimes angioosteohypertrophy syndrome and hemangiectatic hypertrophy, is a rare congenital medical condition in which blood vessels and/or lymph vessels fail to form properly. The three main features are nevus flammeus (port-wine stain), venous and lymphatic malformations, and soft-tissue hypertrophy of the affected limb. It is similar to, though distinct from, the less common Parkes Weber syndrome.

The classical triad of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome consists of:

vascular malformations of the capillary, venous and lymphatic vessels;

varicosities of unusual distribution, particularly the lateral venous anomaly; and

unilateral soft and skeletal tissue hypertrophy, usually the lower extremity.

It belongs to the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum of diseases which are caused by mutations in the PIK3CA gene.

Port-wine stain
A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin). They are so named for their coloration, which is similar in color to port wine, a fortified red wine from Portugal.

A port-wine stain is a capillary malformation, seen at birth. Port-wine stains persist throughout life. The area of skin affected grows in proportion to general growth.

Port-wine stains occur most often on the face but can appear anywhere on the body, particularly on the neck, upper trunk, arms and legs. Early stains are usually flat and pink in appearance. As the child matures, the color may deepen to a dark red or purplish color. In adulthood, thickening of the lesion or the development of small lumps may occur.

Port-wine stains may be part of a syndrome such as Sturge–Weber syndrome or Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 146
United Nations Security Council Resolution 146, adopted on August 9, 1960, after a report by the Secretary-General regarding the implementation of resolutions 143 and 145 the Council confirmed his authority to carry out the responsibility placed on him thereby and called upon Belgium to withdraw its troops from Katanga.  The Council then, while reaffirming that the United Nations Force in the Congo would not be a party to or in any way intervene in any internal conflict, declared that the entry of UN Forces into Katanga was necessary for the full implementation of the present resolution.

The resolution was approved by nine votes; France and Italy abstained.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 145
United Nations Security Council Resolution 145 was adopted unanimously on 22 July 1960. After considering a report by the Secretary-General, Dag Hammarskjöld, regarding the implementation of Resolution 143, the Council called upon Belgium to withdrawal its troops from the Congo and authorized the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to this effect.  The Council further requested all states to refrain from any action which might impede the restoration of law and order in the Congo or undermine its territorial integrity, the Council then commended the Secretary-General for his prompt action in regard to Resolution 143 along with his first report and requested further reports be made as appropriate.
Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem
The Church of Saint Anne (French: Église Sainte-Anne, Latin: Ecclesia S. Anna, Arabic: كنيسة القديسة حنة, Hebrew: כנסיית סנטה אנה) is a French Catholic church and part of the French national domain in the Holy Land located in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, near the start of the Via Dolorosa, next to the Lions' Gate. The site is also known as al-Madrasa as-Salahiyya (Saladin's madrasa).

French national domain in the Holy Land
The French National Domain in the Holy Land is a set of French state properties located in Eastern Jerusalem. This area unites possessions that belonged to the French empire beginning in the 19th century.

This domain is managed and administered by the Consulate General of France in Jerusalem.
Cadair Idris
Cadair Idris (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) or Cader Idris is a mountain in the Meirionnydd area of Gwynedd, Wales. It lies at the southern end of the Snowdonia National Park near the town of Dolgellau. The peak, which is one of the most popular in Wales for walkers and hikers, is composed largely of Ordovician igneous rocks, with classic glacial erosion features such as cwms, moraines, striated rocks, and roches moutonnées.

Dolgellau
Dolgellau (/dɒlˈɡɛhlaɪ/; Welsh: [dɔlˈɡɛɬaɨ] ⓘ) is a town and community in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, lying on the River Wnion, a tributary of the River Mawddach. It was the traditional county town of the historic county of Merionethshire until the county of Gwynedd was created in 1974. Dolgellau is the main base for climbers of Cadair Idris and Mynydd Moel which are visible from the town. Dolgellau is the second largest settlement in southern Gwynedd after Tywyn and includes the community of Penmaenpool. in 2021 the population dropped to 2,602.
Dargwa language
Dargwa (дарган мез, dargan mez) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. This article discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin.

Urakhi dialect
Urakhi (also Khyurkili) is a dialect of North Dargwa spoken by around 35,000 people in Sergokalinsky District, the northern portions of Akushinsky District and in the villages of Gerga and Krasnopartizansk in Kayakentsky District. Along with the Aqusha dialect, it formed the basis for the literary Dargwa language.
Franekeradeel
Franekeradeel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfraːnəkəraːˌdeːl] ⓘ; West Frisian: Frentsjerteradiel [ˈfrɛntsjətəraˌdiəl] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the northern Netherlands. It was created in 1984 by combining an earlier Franekeradeel municipality with the city of Franeker and parts of the former municipality of Barradeel. On 1 January 2018 it merged with the municipalities of het Bildt, Menameradiel and parts of Littenseradiel to form the new municipality Waadhoeke.

Franeker
Franeker (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfraːnəkər] ⓘ; West Frisian: Frjentsjer [ˈfrjɛntsjər]) is one of the eleven historical cities of Friesland and capital of the municipality of Waadhoeke. It is located north of the Van Harinxmakanaal and about 20 km (12 mi) west of Leeuwarden. As of 2023, it had 13,015 inhabitants. World Heritage Site the Eise Eisinga Planetarium, established in 1781, is located in the city.
Androstenediol sulfate
Androstenediol sulfate, also known as androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol 3β-sulfate, is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and a urinary metabolites of androstenediol. It is a steroid sulfate which is formed from sulfation of androstenediol by steroid sulfotransferase and can be desulfated back into androstenediol by steroid sulfatase.

Steroid sulfate
Steroid sulfates are endogenous sulfate esters of steroids. They are formed by steroid sulfotransferases via sulfation of endogenous steroids like cholesterol and steroid hormones. Although steroid sulfates do not bind to steroid hormone receptors and hence are hormonally inert, they can be desulfated by steroid sulfatase and in this way serve as precursors and circulating reservoirs for their active unsulfated counterparts. In addition, some steroid sulfates have biological activity in their own right, for instance acting as neurosteroids and modulating ligand-gated ion channels such as the GABAA and NMDA receptors among other biological targets.
Jelly doughnut
A jelly doughnut, or jam doughnut, is a doughnut with a fruit preserve filling.

Varieties include the German Berliner, the Polish pączki, the Jewish sufganiyot, the Southern European krafne and the Italian bombolone.

Sufganiyah
Sufganiyah (Hebrew: סופגנייה or סופגניה, Hebrew: [ˌsufɡaniˈja]; pl.: sufganiyot, Hebrew: סופגניות, Hebrew: [ˌsufɡaniˈjot], or in Yiddish pontshke פּאָנטשקע) is a round, jelly doughnut–like pastry, eaten around the world during the Jewish festival of Hanukkah. The doughnut is deep-fried, injected with jam or custard, and then topped with powdered sugar. The doughnut recipe originated in Europe in the 16th century, and by the 19th century was known as a Berliner in Germany and a Religieuse in France. Polish Jews, who called them ponchki, fried the doughnuts in schmaltz rather than lard due to kashrut laws. The ponchik was brought to Israel by Polish Jewish immigrants, where it was renamed the sufganiyah based on the Talmud's description of a "spongy dough".
Warsaw Convention
The Convention for the Unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air, commonly known as the Warsaw Convention, is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons, luggage, or goods performed by aircraft for reward.

Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw (hence the name), it was amended in 1955 at The Hague, Netherlands, and in 1971 in Guatemala City, Guatemala. United States courts have held that, at least for some purposes, the Warsaw Convention is a different instrument from the Warsaw Convention as amended by the Hague Protocol.

The Montreal Convention, signed in 1999, replaced the Warsaw Convention system in countries ratifying it.

Hague Protocol
The Hague Protocol, officially the Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, is a treaty signed on 28 September 1955 in The Hague. It serves to amend the Warsaw Convention. While officially the Hague Protocol is intended to become a single entity with the Warsaw Convention, it has only been ratified by 137 of the original 152 parties to the Warsaw Convention. The binding version of the treaty is written in French, but certified versions also exist in English and Spanish. The official depository of the treaty is the Government of Poland.
White-faced spiny tree-rat
The white-faced spiny tree-rat (Echimys chrysurus) is a spiny rat species from South America. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. The etymology of the species name derives from the two ancient greek words χρυσός (khrusós), gold, and οὐρά (ourá), animal tail. According to genetic analysis, the species is closely related to the dark spiny tree-rat.

Dark spiny tree-rat
The dark spiny tree-rat (Echimys saturnus) is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is a rarely encountered and nocturnal species, found in eastern Ecuador and central Peru.

Compared to Echimys chrysurus, the main diagnostic character state of this Echimys species is the mostly black dorsal part of the head and body. In addition, E. saturnus can be distinguished from Echimys vieirai by possessing a venter spotted with white while it is uniformly grayish brown in the latter species.
MS Antivirus (malware)
MS Antivirus (also known as Spyware Protect 2009 and Antivirus XP 2008/Antivirus2009/SecurityTool/etc) is a scareware rogue anti-virus which purports to remove virus infections found on a computer running Microsoft Windows. It attempts to scam the user into purchasing a "full version" of the software. The company and the individuals behind Bakasoftware operated under other different 'company' names, including Innovagest2000, Innovative Marketing Ukraine, Pandora Software, LocusSoftware, etc. Variant E of the highly virulent computer worm Conficker distributed the "Spyware Protect 2009" version of the malware.

Rogue security software
Rogue security software is a form of malicious software and internet fraud that misleads users into believing there is a virus on their computer and aims to convince them to pay for a fake malware removal tool that actually installs malware on their computer. It is a form of scareware that manipulates users through fear, and a form of ransomware. Rogue security software has been a serious security threat in desktop computing since 2008. An early example that gained infamy was SpySheriff and its clones, such as Nava Shield.

With the rise of cyber-criminals and a black market with thousands of organizations and individuals trading exploits, malware, virtual assets, and credentials, rogue security software has become a lucrative criminal operation.
Roncador Field
The Roncador oil field is a large oil and gas field located in the Campos Basin, 125 km (78 mi) off the coast of Brazil, northeast of Rio de Janeiro. It covers  an area of 111 km2 (43 sq mi) area and reaches depths between 1,500 and 1,900 metres (4,900 and 6,200 ft).

Campos Basin
The Campos Basin is one of 12 coastal sedimentary basins of Brazil. It spans both onshore and offshore parts of the South Atlantic with the onshore part located near Rio de Janeiro. The basin originated in Neocomian stage of the Cretaceous period 145–130 million years ago during the breakup of Gondwana. It has a total area of about 115,000 square kilometres (44,000 sq mi), with the onshore portion small at only 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi).
Eastcote tube station
Eastcote is a London Underground station in Eastcote in the west of Greater London. It is on the Uxbridge branches of both the Metropolitan and Piccadilly lines, between Ruislip Manor and Rayners Lane stations. The station is located on Field End Road. It is in London fare zone 5.

Ruislip Manor tube station
Ruislip Manor (/ˈraɪslɪp ˈmænər/) is a London Underground station in Ruislip Manor in west London. It is on the Uxbridge branches of both the Metropolitan and Piccadilly lines, between Ruislip and Eastcote stations. The station is located on Victoria Road, where the line crosses on a bridge: there are two curved entrances, with access to the platforms being by stairways. It is in London fare zone 6. The closest station on the Central line is Ruislip Gardens.
Livingston Parish, Louisiana
Livingston Parish (French: Paroisse de Livingston, Spanish: Parroquia de Livingston) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its parish seat is the town of Livingston. Livingston Parish is one of the Florida Parishes; unlike the rest of the state, the region was part of the Spanish Empire, rather than the French Empire.

The name Livingston is an eponym honoring Edward Livingston, an American jurist and statesman who assisted in the drafting of the Louisiana Civil Code of 1825.

Livingston Parish is part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan area. At the 2020 census, the population of the county was 142,282. The southeastern portion of Livingston Parish is part of Louisiana's 1st congressional district, while northern and western Livingston is part of the 5th district.

Livingston, Louisiana
Livingston is the parish seat of Livingston Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,877 as of the 2020 census.

Livingston hosts one of the two LIGO gravitational wave detector sites, the other one being located in Hanford, Washington.
Metropolitan Area Projects Plan 3
The Metropolitan Area Projects Plan 3, or MAPS 3, is a $777 million public works and redevelopment project in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma funded by a temporary voter-approved sales tax increase. The one-cent sales tax initiative began in April 2010 and ended in December 2017. The structure of MAPS 3 is in the pay-as-you-go format of a Metropolitan Area Projects Plan including a temporary sales tax, multiple projects, and volunteer citizens oversight committee.

Metropolitan Area Projects Plan
Metropolitan Area Projects Plan (MAPS) is a multi-year, municipal capital improvement program, consisting of a number of projects, originally conceived in the 1990s in Oklahoma City by its then mayor Ron Norick. A MAPS program features several interrelated and defined capital projects, funded by a temporary sales tax (allowing projects to be paid for in cash, without incurring debt), administered by a separate dedicated city staff funded by the sales tax, and supervised by a volunteer citizens oversight committee.

In some ways, a MAPS program is similar to a local option sales tax.  However, taxes collected by a MAPS program do not go to a city's general fund, but are instead deposited into a trust dedicated to the specific projects identified in the taxes' enabling ordinance.  Additionally, MAPS programs are only indirectly controlled by a city's elected governance body; a citizens oversight committee provides direct oversight, which is also established by the enabling ordinance.
Infantry (magazine)
Infantry is the professional journal of the U.S. Army soldier, published by the United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia. Following the success of ARMOR magazine (first published 1888), Infantry was launched in 1904 as the Journal of the U.S. Infantry Association, and has variously held the names Infantry Journal, Mailing List (Infantry School), and Infantry School Quarterly, before settling on the current name and format in 1959.

Armor (magazine)
ARMOR is the professional journal of the U.S. Army’s Armor Branch, published by the Chief of Armor at Fort Benning, Georgia, training center for the Army's tank and cavalry forces (United States Army Armor School). ARMOR magazine is the U.S. Army's oldest professional journal, founded by U.S. Cavalry officers in 1888, and originally titled as Journal of the United States Calvary Association.
Sisteron
Sisteron (French pronunciation: [sistəʁɔ̃]; Occitan: [sisˈtɛru(n)], Mistralian norm: Sisteroun; from Old Occitan: Sestaron) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southeastern France.

Sisteron is situated on the banks of the river Durance just after the confluence of the rivers Buëch and Sasse. It is sometimes called the "Gateway to Provence" because it is in a narrow gap between two long mountain ridges. Despite its relatively small population, it serves as a long-distance navigation reference point, routinely signed as far away as Grenoble.

It is  135 km (84 mi) from Marseille, also 135 km (84 mi) from Grenoble, 180 km (110 mi) from Nice and 40 km (25 mi) from Forcalquier.

There are 1,573 hectares (3,890 acres) of forest and wood within the commune.

Forcalquier
Forcalquier (French: [fɔʁkalkje]; Provençal: Forcauquier [fuʀkɔwˈkje]) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

Forcalquier is located between the Lure Mountain(fr) and Luberon mountain ranges, about 30 km (19 mi) south of Sisteron and 10 km (6.2 mi) west of the Durance river. During the Middle Ages it was the capital of Haute-Provence.