hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
5 A Day
5 A Day is any of various national campaigns in developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, to encourage the consumption of at least five portions of 80 g of fruit and vegetables each day, following a recommendation by the World Health Organization that individuals consume "a minimum of 400g of fruit and vegetables per day (excluding potatoes and other starchy tubers)." A meta-analysis of the many studies of this issue was published in 2017 and found that consumption of double the minimum recommendation – 800g or ten a day – provided an increased protection against all forms of mortality. In some places, people are being encouraged to aim for not just five portions a day, but seven.

Fruits & Veggies – More Matters
Fruits & Veggies – More Matters is a national public health initiative from Produce for Better Health Foundation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. This campaign, begun in 2007, took the place of the 5 A Day program. The shift was implemented in order to better communicate updated dietary guidelines, which recommended more than five servings of fruits and vegetables for some Americans.
Equality Colony
Equality Colony was a United States socialist colony founded in Skagit County, Washington by the socialist Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth in 1897. It was meant to serve as a model that would lead to the conversion of the rest of Washington, and later the entire continent, to socialism. It survived for a few years as a Edward Bellamy-inspired intentional community but succumbed to internal divisions in 1907.

Edward Bellamy
Edward Bellamy (/ˈbɛləmi/; March 26, 1850 – May 22, 1898) was an American author, journalist, and political activist most famous for his utopian novel Looking Backward. Bellamy's vision of a harmonious future world inspired the formation of numerous "Nationalist Clubs" dedicated to the propagation of state ownership of the main pillars of the economy, achieved through nationalization.

After working as a journalist and writing several novels, Bellamy published Looking Backward in 1888. It was the third best-selling novel of the 19th century in the United States, and it especially appealed to a generation of intellectuals alienated by the perceived dark side of the Gilded Age. In the early 1890s, Bellamy established a newspaper known as The New Nation and began to promote united action between the various Nationalist Clubs and the emerging Populist Party. He published Equality, a sequel to Looking Backward, in 1897, and died the following year.
Gilmer County, Georgia
Gilmer County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2024 census, its population was 33,327. The county seat is Ellijay. named for a historic Cherokee town also spelled as Elejoy in the 18th century. The county was created on December 3, 1832, and was named for George Rockingham Gilmer, a politician who served two nonconsecutive terms as governor of the state. Gilmer County is home of the annual Apple Festival, which is held in mid-October. About 90% of the land area is in cropland and forest. Poultry raising and processing make up the largest portion of the agricultural economy, which generates 33.2% of the total revenues. Manufacturing is about 20%.

Fannin County, Georgia
Fannin County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,319. It is one of the most rural counties in Georgia due its location in the Appalachian Mountain Range, with about 90% of the population of Fannin County living in unincorporated lands. The county seat and largest city is Blue Ridge. The county was created on January 21, 1854, and is named after James Fannin, a veteran who fought in the Texas Revolution.
Key Stage 1
Key Stage 1 is the legal term for the two years of schooling in maintained schools in England normally known as Year 1 and Year 2, when pupils are aged between 5 and 7. This Key Stage normally covers pupils during infant school, although in some cases this might form part of a first or primary school. It is also the label used for the third and fourth years of primary education in Northern Ireland. In Hong Kong, it is used to describe Primary One to Primary Three.

Key Stage
A key stage is a stage of the state education system in England, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man and the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar setting the educational knowledge expected of students at various ages. The term is also used in some other autonomous territories such as Hong Kong, and countries such as Australia (some states), although the ages at which each key stage applies differ between countries.

Key Stages in England are often abbreviated as KS (eg KS1). Each key stage consists of a certain range of school years so there is no key stage for higher education.

In Wales, the new curriculum replaces key stages with "progression steps" at ages 5, 8, 11, 14 and 16, "relating to broad expectations of a child’s progress".
Sahil, Somaliland
Sahil (Somali: Saaxil, Arabic: ساحل) is an administrative region (gobol) in northern Somaliland with the port city of Berbera as its capital. It was separated from Woqooyi Galbeed and became a province in 1991. In 1998, the Sheikh District of Togdheer was incorporated into Sahil region. The region has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north. Sahil borders Awdal to the northwest, Maroodi Jeex to the southwest, Togdheer to the south and Sanaag to the east.

Administrative divisions of Somaliland
The administrative division of Somaliland are organized into three hierarchical levels. consists of 6 regions and 22 districts. Districts in turn contain villages. In addition, the capital Hargeisa has its own law (capital law) that is different from the law that defines administrative divisions. The administrative-territorial division of the country is established by the Law of Somaliland No. 23/2002 (Somali: Xeerka Ismaamulka Gobolada iyo Degmooyinka), which was finally approved in 2007.

Somaliland is a self-declared  parlially recognised sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, internationally considered to be part of Somalia.
Epicanthoplasty
Epicanthoplasty is a rare eye surgery to modify the epicanthal folds. It can be a challenging procedure because the epicanthal folds overlay the lacrimal canaliculi (tear drainage canals).
Although an epicanthic fold can also be associated with a less prominent upper eyelid crease (a feature commonly termed "single eyelids" as opposed to "double eyelids"), the two features are distinct; a person may have both epicanthal folds and an upper eyelid crease, one and not the other, or neither. Single eyelids are reshaped using East Asian blepharoplasty.

Epicanthoplasty may leave visible post-surgical scar lines. A common corrective technique involves using Z-plasty.

East Asian blepharoplasty
East Asian blepharoplasty, more commonly known as double eyelid surgery, is a cosmetic procedure that reshapes the skin around the eye to create a crease in an upper eyelid that naturally lacks one. The percentage of East Asian women who naturally have upper eyelid creases varies among studies, with reported amounts ranging from 41% in Koreans to 70-83% in Chinese and Japanese. This surgery may be performed on ethnic East Asians, including people of Chinese, Japanese and Korean descent. The primary goal is to alter the eyelid's appearance, making the eyes appear larger and, to some tastes, more attractive due to a 'wide-eyed' and expressive appearance.
Homer H. Dubs
Homer Hasenpflug Dubs (March 28, 1892 – August 16, 1969) was an American sinologist. Though best known for his translation of sections of Ban Gu's Book of Han, he published on a wide range of topics in ancient Chinese history, astronomy and philosophy. Raised in China as the son of missionaries, he returned to the United States and earned a Ph.D. in philosophy (1925). He taught at University of Minnesota and Marshall College before undertaking the Han shu translation project at the behest of the American Council of Learned Societies. Subsequently, Dubs taught at Duke University, Columbia University and Hartford Seminary. In 1947, Dubs moved to England to take up the Chair of Chinese at Oxford University, which had been vacant since 1935.  He retired in 1959 and remained in Oxford until his death in 1969.

Book of Han
The Book of Han (Chinese: 漢書), finished in 111 CE, is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. The work was composed by Ban Gu (32–92 CE), an Eastern Han court official, with the help of his sister Ban Zhao, continuing the work of their father, Ban Biao. They modelled their work on the Records of the Grand Historian (c. 91 BCE), a cross-dynastic general history, but theirs was the first in this annals-biography form to cover a single dynasty. It is the best source, sometimes the only one, for many topics such as literature in this period. The Book of Han is also called the Book of the Former Han (前漢書; Qián Hàn shū) to distinguish it from the Book of the Later Han (後漢書; Hòu Hàn shū) which covers the Eastern Han period (25–220 CE), and was composed in the fifth century by Fan Ye (398–445 CE).
Allemande
An allemande (French pronunciation: [almɑ̃d] ⓘ, "German (dance)"; also allemanda, almain(e), or alman(d)) is a Renaissance and Baroque dance, and one of the most common instrumental dance styles in Baroque music, with examples by Couperin, Purcell, Bach and Handel. It is often the first movement of a Baroque suite of dances, paired with a subsequent courante, though it is sometimes preceded by an introduction or prelude.  Along with the waltz and ländler, the allemande was sometimes referred to by the generic term German Dance in publications during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

A quite different, later, Allemande, named as such in the time of Mozart and Beethoven, still survives in Germany and Switzerland and is a lively triple-time social dance related to the waltz and the Ländler.

The name "Allemande" comes from the name of Germany in French.

Ländler
The Ländler (German pronunciation: [ˈlɛntlɐ]) is a European folk dance in 34 time. Along with the waltz and allemande, the ländler was sometimes referred to by the generic term German Dance in publications during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Despite its association with Germany, the ländler was danced in many European countries. Composers from a variety of European nations wrote music for the ländler dance; including Austria, Switzerland, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovenia and northern Italy in addition to Germany.
Thomas Sydney Beckwith
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Sydney Beckwith KCB (17 February 1770 – 15 January 1831) was a British Army officer who served as quartermaster general of the British forces in Canada during the War of 1812, and a commander-in-chief of the Bombay Army during the British Raj. He is most notable for his distinguished service during the Peninsular War and for his contributions to the development and command of the 95th Rifles.

Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own)
The Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own) was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army formed in January 1800 as the "Experimental Corps of Riflemen" to provide sharpshooters, scouts, and skirmishers. They were soon renamed the "Rifle Corps". In January 1803, they became an established regular regiment and were titled the 95th Regiment of Foot (Rifles). In 1816, at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, they were again renamed, this time as the "Rifle Brigade".

The unit was distinguished by its use of green uniforms in place of the traditional red coat. It also differed in being armed with the Baker rifle in place of smooth-bore muskets. The Rifle Brigade performed distinguished service in both the First and Second World Wars. Post war, in 1958 the regiment formed part of the Green Jackets Brigade as 3rd Green Jackets and was amalgamated with the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) and the 2nd Green Jackets (King's Royal Rifle Corps) to form the Royal Green Jackets on 1 January 1966.
Øresundslinjen
Øresundslinjen (Swedish: Öresundslinjen) is a ferry company serving the route between Helsingborg, Sweden and Helsingør, Denmark. Until 2018 the company was called HH-Ferries Group, and the trading name Scandlines was used. From 2018 to 2023 the name "ForSea Ferries" was used.

The Helsingør–Helsingborg ferry route crosses the narrowest part of the Øresund, taking about 20 minutes to traverse the 4-kilometre (2-nautical-mile) strait. The company owns five vessels, including the sister ships Tycho Brahe, Aurora af Helsingborg, and Hamlet, each of which has capacity for 240 cars and 1,250 passengers.

Scandlines
Scandlines is a ferry company that operates the Rødby–Puttgarden and Gedser–Rostock ferry routes between Denmark and Germany.

Scandlines owns seven ferries, six of which are hybrid ferries, making it the owner of the world’s largest fleet of hybrid ferries. The company has two subsidiaries—Scandlines Danmark ApS and Scandlines Deutschland GmbH—which operate in the two main countries.
Individual and group rights
Individual rights, also known as natural rights, are rights held by individuals by virtue of being human. Some theists believe individual rights are bestowed by God. An individual right is a moral claim to freedom of action.

Group rights, also known as collective rights, are rights held by a group as a whole rather than individually by its members. In contrast, individual rights are rights held by individual people; even if they are group-differentiated, which most rights are, they remain individual rights if the right-holders are the individuals themselves.

Individual rights and group rights are often incompatible. An appeal to group rights is often used to promote violation of individual rights. Historically, group rights have been used both to infringe upon and to facilitate individual rights, and the concept remains controversial.

Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".
Bathurst Courthouse
Bathurst Courthouse is a heritage-listed courthouse at Russell Street, Bathurst, in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. Constructed in the Federation Free Classical style based on original designs by Colonial Architect, James Barnet, the building structure was completed in 1880 under the supervision of Barnet's successor, Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon. The property is owned by Attorney General's Department (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

New South Wales Government Architect
The New South Wales Government Architect, an appointed officer of the Government of New South Wales, serves as the General Manager of the Government Architect's Office (GAO), a multi-disciplinary consultancy operating on commercial principles providing architecture, design, and engineering services, that is an agency of the government within NSW Public Works.

Historically, the government architect was in charge of the government's public building projects across the state of New South Wales, Australia. Since the 1990s, when the consultancy service began operating on commercial principles, the Government Architect has reported separately in a second capacity, as an advisor to the government, and serves on various committees and boards in relation to heritage protection, architecture, and design.

The first officer in the role, then styled Colonial Architect, was Francis Greenway, appointed in 1816.
Sick-Love (album)
Sick-Love is the debut remix album by V/Vm, an alias of English musician Leyland Kirby. Released in 2000, it samples several 1960s-1990s pop songs about love, distorting them to create a sinister atmosphere. The album is mostly unavailable physically because of copyright laws; V/Vm later released the similar album The Green Door. Met with a positive reception from music critics, the album and its single received airplay on various radio stations, achieving the NME title of single of the week.

V/Vm
V/Vm was an alias of English musician Leyland James Kirby, used for producing experimental music. Although starting out mainly in the style of noise music, most releases under the V/Vm alias were plunderphonics, with some original compositions. Most, but not all, of V/Vm's music was released under the V/Vm Test Records label. Alongside the work of the V/Vm project, Kirby also recorded as The Caretaker. He currently resides in Kraków.
Julie Collins
Julie Maree Collins (born 3 July 1971) is an Australian politician. She is a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and has represented the Tasmanian seat of Franklin since the 2007 federal election. She held ministerial positions in the Gillard and Rudd governments, and is Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and former Minister for Small Business in the Albanese ministry.

Division of Franklin
The Division of Franklin is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania.

The division is the southernmost in Australia, located in southern Tasmania around the state capital, Hobart. It is non-contiguous, with the two parts of the division separated by the Division of Clark, based around central Hobart. As at the 2016 election, slightly more than half its electors are located on the eastern shore of the River Derwent, incorporating the entire City of Clarence, and the suburb of Old Beach from Brighton Council. The remaining electors in the division are drawn from the southern parts of the Kingborough Council such as Kingston, Tasmania and Blackmans Bay, generally south of the Huon Highway and including Bruny Island, and the entire Huon Valley Council.  The division also includes the southern parts of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area and Macquarie Island, neither of which have permanent populations.
Mullah Abdullah
Mullah Abdullah (c. 1855 – 1 January 1915) was a butcher, cameleer and spree killer. While his exact place of birth is unknown, sources give his birthplace as either Afghanistan, India or Pakistan. He was one of the perpetrators of the Battle of Broken Hill, a mass shooting which left six dead and seven injured.

Battle of Broken Hill
The Battle of Broken Hill was a fatal incident which took place in Australia near Broken Hill, New South Wales, on 1 January 1915. Two men fired with rifles at a passing picnic train, killing four people and wounding seven more, before being killed by police and military officers. Though politically and religiously motivated, the men were not members of any sanctioned armed force and the attacks were criminal. The two men, Mulla Abdullah and Gool Badsha Mahomed, were later identified as Muslim 'Ghans' from colonial India who believed they were fighting a holy war under the proclamation from Mehmed V.

The events at Broken Hill on New Year's Day 1915 represent the only documented engagement with the enemy to take place on Australian soil during World War I.
Bukit Batok MRT station
Bukit Batok MRT station is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North–South Line (NSL) in Bukit Batok, Singapore. Operated by SMRT Trains, the station serves nearby landmarks including Bukit Batok Bus Interchange, West Mall, and Bukit Batok Public Library. Like other stations in the former Branch Line stretch, it has an inverted V-shaped roof and has a yellow colour scheme. It is mostly wheelchair accessible.

First announced in May 1982 as Bukit Batok South, it was later announced in October 1983 to be part of Phase IIB of the MRT system. It commenced operations on 10 March 1990. Initially under the Branch Line, it became part of the NSL in February 1996. Half-height platform screen doors and high-volume low-speed fans were installed by August 2011 and the first quarter of 2013, respectively.

Bukit Batok Public Library
Bukit Batok Public Library is located at Bukit Batok on the third floor of West Mall in Singapore, next to Bukit Batok MRT station. This is fifth library of the National Library Board that is located inside a shopping mall. The library was officially opened on 21 November 1998 by Deputy Prime Minister, BG (NS) Lee Hsien Loong.
Stirling Road murder
On 1 July 2007, 38-year-old odd-job worker Tharema Vejayan Govindasamy murdered his 32-year-old ex-wife Smaelmeeral Abdul Aziz by flinging her off the 13th floor of a HDB block in Stirling Road, Queenstown, after they got into an argument which eventually escalated into an assault before Smaelmeeral was thrown to her death. Tharema, who was charged with murder, claimed that his in-laws had used black magic to break up his marriage out of religious differences and also insisted that his ex-wife had fallen to her death as a suicide, but the High Court found Tharema guilty of murdering Smaelmeeral and hence, he was sentenced to hang on 25 May 2009.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
Newark Penn Station
Newark Penn Station is an intermodal passenger station in Newark, New Jersey. One of the New York metropolitan area's major transportation hubs, Newark Penn Station is served by multiple rail and bus carriers, making it the seventh busiest rail station in the United States, and the fourth busiest in the New York City metropolitan area.

Located at Raymond Plaza between Market Street and Raymond Boulevard, the station is served by three NJ Transit commuter rail lines, the Newark Light Rail, the PATH rapid transit system, and all 10 of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor services, including the Acela. The station is also Newark's main intercity bus terminal; it is served by carriers Greyhound, Bolt, and Fullington Trailways. Additionally, it is served by 33 local and regional bus lines operated by NJ Transit Bus Operations.

NJ Transit Rail Operations
NJ Transit Rail Operations (reporting mark NJTR) is the rail division of NJ Transit. It operates commuter rail service in New Jersey, with most service centered on transportation to and from New York City, Hoboken, and Newark. NJ Transit also operates rail service in Orange and Rockland counties in New York under contract to Metro-North Railroad. The commuter rail lines saw 59,447,200 riders in 2024, making it the third-busiest commuter railroad in North America and the longest commuter rail system in North America by route length.