hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gossypetin
Gossypetin, also known as 3,5,7,8,3',4'-hexahydroxyflavone, is a flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It has been isolated from the flowers and the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) and exhibits a strong antibacterial activity. The compound has also been found to act as an antagonist of TrkB. Gossypetin has radioprotective activity.

The enzyme 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase uses S-adenosyl methionine and gossypetin to produce S-adenosylhomocysteine and 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone.

In 2022, a study in an animal model using intragastric administration suggested that the flavonoid gossypetin facilitated the clearance of beta-amyloid in the brain and is a promising target for the study of treatments for Alzheimer's Disease by enhancing microglial phagocytic activity against Aβ.

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene.  TrkB is a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
Dzungar conquest of Altishahr
The Dzungar conquest of Altishahr resulted in the Oirat led Dzungar Khanate in Dzungaria conquering and subjugating the Genghisid-ruled Yarkent Khanate in Altishahr (the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang). It put a final end to the independence of the Yarkent Khanate (the last Chagatai successor state).

Altishahr
Altishahr (Traditional Uyghur: آلتی شهر, Modern Uyghur: ئالتە شەھەر, romanized: Altä-şähär, cyrillized: Алтә-шәһәр, pronounced [ɑltʰǽ‿ɕæhǽɚ̯]), also known as Kashgaria or Yettishar, is a historical name for the Tarim Basin region used in the 18th and 19th centuries. The term means 'Six Cities' in Turkic languages, referring to oasis towns along the rim of the Tarim, including Kashgar, in what is now southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China.
Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986
The Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 is a New Zealand Act of Parliament that broadly legalised consensual sexual practices between men as well as consensual anal sex regardless of partners' gender. It removed the provisions of the Crimes Act 1961 that criminalised this behaviour. The legislation established a uniform age of consent, setting it at 16 for both same-sex and opposite-sex partners.

Before Homosexual Law Reform, male homosexual acts had faced severe legal penalties in New Zealand, evolving from capital punishment to life imprisonment and hard labour. Despite initial attempts at decriminalisation in the 1970s, it was not until the landmark 1986 Act that consensual same-sex activities were decriminalised, marking a significant progressive shift in the country's approach to LGBT rights.

LGBTQ rights in New Zealand
New Zealand lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights are some of the most extensive in the world. The protection of LGBTQ rights is advanced, relative to other countries in Oceania, and among the most liberal in the world, with the country being the first in the region to legalise same-sex marriage.

Throughout the late 20th century, the rights of the LGBTQ community received more awareness and male same-sex sexual activity was decriminalised in 1986, with an age of consent of 16, equal to heterosexual intercourse. After recognising gender-neutral civil union since 2004, New Zealand legalised both same-sex marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples in 2013. Discrimination regarding sexual orientation, and gender identity and expression has been banned since 1993. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual people have been allowed to serve openly in the military since 1993. Opinion polls have found that a majority of New Zealanders support same-sex marriage.
Nicholas Bayard
Nicholas Bayard (c. 1644–1707 or 1709) was a government official and slave trader in colonial New York. Bayard served as the mayor of New York City from 1685 to 1686. He is historically most notable for being Peter Stuyvesant's nephew and for being a prominent member of the Bayard family, which remained prominent in New York City history into the 20th century.

Bayard family
The Bayard family has been a prominent family of lawyers and politicians throughout American history, primarily from Wilmington, Delaware. Beginning as Federalists, they joined the party of Andrew Jackson and remained leaders of the Democratic Party into the 20th century. Counting Richard Bassett, the father-in-law of James A. Bayard Sr., the family provided six generations of U.S. senators from Delaware, serving from 1789 until 1929.
Dutch Reformed Church, Kalpitiya
The Dutch Reformed Church (also known as St Peter's Kerk) is located between the Dutch fort and the village of Kalpitiya. The church was built by the Dutch in 1706 and is a smaller version of the church in the Matara fort. It is one of the oldest Protestant churches in the country.

Kalpitiya fort
Kalpitiya Fort (Sinhala: කල්පිටිය බලකොටුව Kalpitiya Balakotuwa; Tamil: கற்பிட்டிக் கோட்டை, romanized: Kaṟpiṭṭik Kōṭṭai) was built by the Dutch between 1667 and 1676. Kalpitiya was important as it commands the entrance to the adjacent bay, Puttalam Lagoon. The surrounding Puttalam area was one of the major cinnamon cultivation areas in Sri Lanka. The Dutch even constructed a canal from Puttalam via Negombo to Colombo to transport cinnamon from the area.
Hidden Valley (Antarctica)
Hidden Valley (78°10′S 163°52′E﻿ / ﻿78.167°S 163.867°E﻿ / -78.167; 163.867﻿ (Hidden Valley)) is the ice-free valley next south of Miers Valley through which an alpine glacier formerly moved to coalesce with Koettlitz Glacier. 
The mouth of the valley is completely blocked by the Koettlitz moraine, the only one of the numerous valleys tributary to the Koettlitz isolated in this fashion. 
The main valley is hidden not only from the coast but from most of the surrounding ridges. 
The valley was traversed during December and January by the New Zealand Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) 1960-61 who applied the name.

Miers Valley
Miers Valley (78°6′S 164°0′E﻿ / ﻿78.100°S 164.000°E﻿ / -78.100; 164.000﻿ (Miers Valley)) is a valley just south of Marshall Valley and west of Koettlitz Glacier, on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. 
The valley is ice-free except for Miers Glacier in its upper (western) part and Lake Miers near its center.
It was mapped and named by Robert Falcon Scott's British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13.
The name is possibly after Edward J. Miers, a marine biologist from the British Museum (Natural History) who examined crustacea from the Erebus and Terror expeditions.
Cold Chillin' Records
Cold Chillin' Records was a record label that released music during the golden age of hip-hop from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. A producer-and-crew label founded by manager Tyrone Williams and run by Len Fichtelberg (1930–November 4, 2010), most of the label's releases were by members of the Juice Crew, a loosely knit group of artists centered on producer Marley Marl. In 1998, the label shut down, and the majority of its catalog was bought by Massachusetts-based LandSpeed Records (now Traffic Entertainment).

Juice Crew
The Juice Crew was an American hip-hop collective made up largely of Queensbridge, New York–based artists in the mid-to-late 1980s. Founded by radio DJ Mr. Magic, and housed by Tyrone Williams' record label Cold Chillin' Records, the Juice Crew helped introduce new School artists MC Shan, Big Daddy Kane, Biz Markie, Roxanne Shante, Masta Ace, Tragedy, Craig G and Kool G Rap. The crew produced many answer records and engaged with numerous "beefs" – primarily with rival radio jock Kool DJ Red Alert and the South Bronx's Boogie Down Productions, as well as the "posse cut", "The Symphony".
Żywiec Brewery
Żywiec Brewery (Polish pronunciation: [ˈʐɨvjɛt͡s] ⓘ) is one of the largest breweries and beer producers in Poland. Founded in 1856 in the town of Żywiec, the brewery manufactures pale lager with a 5.5% alcohol volume. Grupa Żywiec S.A. consists of five main breweries: Żywiec Brewery, Elbrewery, Leżajsk, Warka Brewery and Browar Namysłów. Currently, the Dutch Heineken Group (Heineken International Beheer B.V.), with a 99% shareholding, has control over its major operations.  The brewery has the capacity of producing 5 million hectolitres a year, making it the largest brewery in Grupa Żywiec. In 2025 the Żywiec Group announced it would close the brewery located at Namysłów in 2026, citing prices and declining beer market.

Żywiec
Żywiec (Polish pronunciation: [ˈʐɨvjɛts]) is a town on the River Soła in southern Poland, with 31,194 inhabitants (2019). It is situated within the Silesian Voivodeship, near the Żywiec Lake and Żywiec Landscape Park, one of the eight protected areas in the voivodeship. Historically and culturally, the town is part of the Lesser Poland (Małopolska) region and is the capital of the Żywiecczyzna region, which is ethnically part of the Goral Lands.

The asteroid 551231 Żywiec is named after the town.
Open Document Architecture
The Open Document Architecture (ODA) and interchange format (informally referred to as just ODA) is a free and open international standard document file format maintained by the ITU-T to replace all proprietary document file formats. ODA is detailed in the standards documents CCITT T.411-T.424, which is equivalent to ISO/IEC 8613.

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh (born 14 June 1968), also referred to as Khürelsükh Ukhnaa, is a Mongolian politician who has been the sixth president of Mongolia since 2021. He previously served as the 30th prime minister from 2017 to 2021 and was elected to the Parliament of Mongolia four times – in 2000, 2004, 2012 and 2020.

Prior to his premiership, Khürelsükh served in the Mongolian government as Minister for Emergency Situations from 2004 to 2006, Minister for Professional Inspection from 2006 to 2008, and two stints as deputy prime minister between 2014 and 2017. He was the secretary-general of the Mongolian People's Party from 2008 to 2012 and its chairman from 2017 to 2021.

President of Mongolia
The president of Mongolia is the executive head of state of Mongolia. The current president is Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh.

Political parties with representation in the State Great Khural nominate candidates. The president was originally limited to two four-year terms, but this was changed to a non-renewable six-year term starting with the 2021 presidential election. The president can be removed from office if two-thirds of the Khural find them guilty of abusing their powers or violating their oath. Before inauguration, however, the president-elect must suspend their membership of any political party.
Janaka Perera
Major General Janaka Perera, RWP, RSP, VSV, USP, VSP  (1 February 1946 – 6 October 2008) was a Sri Lankan General and politician. He served as the Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army and is considered one of the most distinguished generals in Sri Lankan history. After retiring from the army he served as a Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Australia and Ambassador to Indonesia. He was the opposition leader of the North Central Provincial Council until he and his wife were killed on 6 October 2008 by a suicide bomber. The LTTE have been blamed for the bombing by Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa.

Rana Sura Padakkama
Rana Sura Padakkama (RSP, Combat Excellence Medal) (Sinhala: රණ ශූර පදක්කම rana śūra padakkama) is awarded to servicepersons of all ranks of the regular and volunteer forces of the Military of Sri Lanka for individual acts of bravery and otherwise distinguished conduct in the face of the enemy during active deployment. Bars could be awarded for further acts of gallantry meriting the award for a second and third time, denoted by a star in the ribbon bar for each additional award.
Province of Reggio Calabria
The province of Reggio Calabria (Italian: provincia di Reggio Calabria) was a province in the Calabria region of Italy. It was the southernmost province in mainland Italy and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. The capital was the city of Reggio.

It was effectively replaced by the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in 2017.

Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria (Italian: città metropolitana di Reggio Calabria) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Calabria region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Reggio Calabria and 97 other comuni (sg.: comune) in the hinterland of the city. It has 511,935 inhabitants as of 2025. It replaced the province of Reggio Calabria in 2017.

Comprising the "toe" of the boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, the Aspromonte massif dominates the western part of the metropolitan city's territory: with its long coastline, it is a popular tourist destination during the summer.
Roman square capitals
Roman square capitals, also called capitalis monumentalis, inscriptional capitals, elegant capitals and capitalis quadrata, are an ancient Roman form of writing, and the basis for modern capital letters. Square capitals are characterized by sharp, straight lines, supple curves, thick and thin strokes, angled stressing and incised serifs. When written in documents this style is known as Latin book hand.

Roman cursive
Roman cursive (or Latin cursive) is a form of handwriting (or a script) used in ancient Rome and to some extent into the Middle Ages. It is customarily divided into old (or ancient) cursive and new cursive, and has different forms. Roman cursive adapted to both incised and ink-written forms, depending on the medium and purpose, ranging from everyday business records and letters to ephemeral graffiti and classroom exercises.
Knud Wefald
Knud Magnus Wefald (November 3, 1869 – October 25, 1936), was an American Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota's 9th congressional district from 1923 to 1927.

Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party (FLP), officially known as the Farmer-Labor Party of Minnesota, was a left-wing American political party in Minnesota between 1918 and 1944. The FLP largely dominated Minnesota politics during the Great Depression. It was one of the most successful statewide third party movements in United States history and the longest-lasting and most fruitful affiliate of the national Farmer–Labor movement. At its height in the 1920s and 1930s, FLP members included three Minnesota governors, four United States senators, eight United States representatives and a majority in the Minnesota legislature.

In 1944, Hubert H. Humphrey and Elmer Benson worked to merge the party with the state's Democratic Party, forming the contemporary Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
Subiaco, Western Australia
Subiaco (/ˌsuːbiˈækoʊ/ SOO-bee-AK-oh), known colloquially as Subi, is an inner-western suburb of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It is approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Perth's central business district, in the City of Subiaco local government area. Historically a working-class suburb containing a mixture of industrial and commercial land uses, since the 1990s the area has been one of Australia's most celebrated urban redevelopment projects. It remains a predominantly low-rise, urban village neighbourhood centred around Subiaco train station and Rokeby Road.

The suburb has three schools: Subiaco Primary School, Perth Modern School, which is the state's only fully academically selective public school, and Bob Hawke College. Landmarks in Subiaco include Subiaco Oval, which formerly was the largest stadium in Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, and Subiaco railway station.

Bob Hawke College
Bob Hawke College is a public high school in the state of Western Australia, Australia and situated in the suburb of Subiaco. The school opened on 3 February 2020 with 250 Year 7 students, and has expanded to around 2,100 students from Years 7 to 12 in 2026.

The school integrates the playing surface of the former Subiaco Oval stadium, which was demolished in December 2019, into its campus. The refurbished oval was open to students in May 2020, and to the general public the following month.
Lardon
A lardon, also spelled lardoon, is a small strip or cube of fatty bacon, or pork fat (usually subcutaneous fat), used in a wide variety of cuisines to flavor savory food and salads. In French cuisine, lardons are also used for larding, by threading them with a needle into meats that are to be braised or roasted. Lardons are not normally smoked, and they are made from pork that has been cured with salt.

In French cuisine, lardons are served hot in salads and salad dressings, as well as on some tartes flambées, stews such as beef bourguignon, quiches such as Quiche Lorraine, in omelettes, with potatoes, and for other dishes such as coq au vin.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines "lardon" as "one of the pieces of bacon or pork which are inserted in meat in the process of larding", giving primacy to that process. According to the Middle English Dictionary, the earliest occurrence of the word is in 1381, in the work The Forme of Cury; it advises to insert lardons in cranes and herons.

Flammekueche
Flammekueche (Alsatian), Flammkuchen (Standard German), or tarte flambée (French), is a speciality of the region of Alsace, German-speaking Moselle, Baden and the Palatinate. It is composed of bread dough rolled out very thinly in the shape of a rectangle or oval, which is covered with fromage blanc or crème fraîche, thinly sliced onions and lardons.

The name of the dish varies in local dialects: it is called Flàmmeküeche, or Flàmmaküacha in Alsatian, or Flammkuche in Lorraine Franconian (compare Standard German Flammkuchen). All these names translate as "(pie) baked in the flames". In Alsace, the French name tarte flambée is the most common name for the dish, while it is known as its Alsatian name "flammekueche" in the rest of France. Contrary to what literal translation would suggest, 'tarte flambée' is not flambéed, but cooked in a wood-fired oven.
Circulation problem
The circulation problem and its variants are a generalisation of network flow problems, with the added constraint of a lower bound on edge flows, and with flow conservation also being required for the source and sink (i.e. there are no special nodes). In variants of the problem, there are multiple commodities flowing through the network, and a cost on the flow.

Minimum-cost flow problem
The minimum-cost flow problem (MCFP) is an optimization and decision problem to find the cheapest possible way of sending a certain amount of flow through a flow network. A typical application of this problem involves finding the best delivery route from a factory to a warehouse where the road network has some capacity and cost associated. The minimum cost flow problem is one of the most fundamental among all flow and circulation problems because most other such problems can be cast as a minimum cost flow problem and also that it can be solved efficiently using the network simplex algorithm.
Rob Glaser
Robert Denis Glaser (born January 16, 1962) is the founder of RealNetworks, which produces RealAudio, RealVideo, RealPlayer, and Helix, among other products and services. Before founding RealNetworks, he worked for Microsoft for ten years.

RealNetworks
RealNetworks LLC is an American technology company and provider of Internet streaming media delivery software and services based in Seattle, Washington. The company also provides subscription-based online entertainment services and mobile entertainment and messaging services.
Ligretto
Ligretto is a card game for two to twelve players. The game in its current form was designed by Michael Michaels and published in 1988 by the German company Rosengarten Spiele. Since 2000 the game has been published by Schmidt-Spiele of Berlin, Germany. A blue version of the game has been published by Playroom Entertainment in North America and other English-speaking countries since 2009.

The objective of the game is to get rid of your cards faster than the other players by discarding them in the middle of the table.

The game is based on and is similar to Dutch Blitz. Both card games use specially printed cards, but feature gameplay almost identical to Nerts, which is played with standard playing cards, and is in turn based on Canfield, a variant of the classic Klondike Solitaire.

Dutch Blitz
Dutch Blitz is a fast-paced, family oriented, action card game played with a specially printed deck. The game was created circa 1937 by Werner Ernst George Muller (born 24 August 1912), a German immigrant from Hamburg, Germany, who settled in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The game is very popular among the Pennsylvania Amish and Dutch community, and among Christian groups in the United States and Canada (primarily in Mennonite communities). The game is similar to Nerts, which is played with standard playing cards and is in turn based on Canfield, a variant of the classic Klondike Solitaire.  Unlike Nerts, Dutch Blitz is played with commercially produced cards.

It is an alternate version of the game Ligretto, manufactured in Germany.
Pan Twardowski
Pan Twardowski (Polish: Pan Twardowski [ˈpan tfarˈdɔfskʲi]), also known as Master Twardowski (Polish: Mistrz Twardowski), is a sorcerer in Polish folklore and literature who made a deal with the Devil. Twardowski sold his soul in exchange for special powers – such as being able to summon for King Sigismund Augustus the spirit of his deceased wife – and eventually met a tragic fate.

The tale of Twardowski exists in various versions, and forms the basis for many works of fiction, including the humorous ballad "Pani Twardowska" by Adam Mickiewicz. Like the legend of Faust, it has been linked to the older Indo-European motif of The Smith and the Devil later reshaped in Christian Europe as stories of pacts with the Devil.

The Smith and the Devil
"The Smith and the Devil" is a fairy tale. The story is of a smith who makes a pact with a malevolent being—commonly the Devil (in later times), Death, a demon or a genie—selling his soul for some power, then tricks the devil out of his prize. In one version, the smith gains the power to weld any materials, then uses this power to stick the devil to an immovable object, allowing the smith to renege on the bargain. It is indexed as ATU 330.
Koa people
The Koa (Guwa) are Australian Aboriginal people and native title holders of land in the Upper Diamantina River catchment area in the state of Queensland that includes the towns of Winton, Kynuna, Corfield and Middleton.

Winton, Queensland
Winton is an outback town and locality in the Shire of Winton in Central West Queensland, Australia. It is 177 kilometres (110 mi) northwest of Longreach. The main industries of the area are sheep and cattle raising. The town was named in 1876 by postmaster Robert Allen, after his place of birth, Winton, Dorset. Winton was the first home of the airline Qantas. In the 2021 census, the locality of Winton had a population of 856.