hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northern Punjab cricket team
The Northern Punjab cricket team was an Indian domestic cricket team representing the northern part of the Indian state of Punjab during the time of the British Raj and later the northern part of its Indian successor, following the partition of India.

The team first played first-class cricket in 1926 against a touring MCC team.  It next played first-class cricket in 1960, when the team made its Ranji Trophy debut against Jammu and Kashmir.  The team continued to appear in the Ranji Trophy until the 1967/68 season, when it played its final first-class match against Southern Punjab. In 1968–69 Southern Punjab and Northern Punjab combined to form an undivided Punjab team.

Southern Punjab cricket team (India)
The Southern Punjab cricket team was an Indian domestic team representing the southern part of the Indian province of Punjab during the British Raj and later the southern part of its Indian successor, following the partition of India. It played 74 matches at first-class level between 1926–27 and 1967–68.
Nyanaponika Thera
Nyanaponika Thera or Nyanaponika Mahathera (July 21, 1901 – 19 October 1994) was a German–Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhist monk and scholar who, after ordaining in Sri Lanka, later became the co-founder of the Buddhist Publication Society and author of numerous seminal books and articles on Theravada Buddhism. He mentored and taught a whole generation of Western Buddhist leaders such as Bhikkhu Bodhi.

Bhikkhu Bodhi
Jeffrey Block (born December 10, 1944), better known as Bhikkhu Bodhi, is an American Theravada monk ordained in Sri Lanka who teaches in the area of New York and New Jersey. He is an author and Buddhist commentator and was appointed the second president of the Buddhist Publication Society. He is also the president of the Buddhist Association of America and the founder of Buddhist Global Relief.
Duke Ding of Jin
Duke Ding of Jin (Chinese: 晉定公; pinyin: Jìn Dìng Gōng), personal name Ji Wu, was from 511 BC to 475 BC the duke of the Jin state. He succeeded his father, Duke Qing, and was in turn succeeded by his son, Duke Chu.

Duke Chu of Jin
Duke Chu of Jin (Chinese: 晉出公; pinyin: Jìn Chū Gōng), personal name Ji Zao, was a duke of the Jin state. He succeeded his father, Duke Ding, to the throne in 474 BC.

In 453 BC, the Zhi (智) clan was exterminated by the noble houses of Han (韓), Zhao (趙) and Wei (魏) in the Battle of Jinyang. A furious Duke Chu decided to launch a punitive attack on the Han, Zhao and Wei clans, but was instead forced to flee the Jin state. He died on the way to the Qi state. The three clans then installed Duke Jing as the next Jin ruler.
Khufu's Wisdom
Khufu's Wisdom (Arabic: حكمة خوفو, romanized: Hikmat Khufu) is the first novel by the Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz. It was originally published in 1939 in Arabic by Salama Moussa, who renamed it 'Abath al-Aqdar (Arabic: عبث الأقدار, lit. 'The Absurdity of Fate'), as a separate issue of the magazine Al Majalla Al Jadida.

It is Mahfouz's first novel and the first of what would later be referred to as his pharaonic trilogy, which also includes Rhadopis and Thebes at War.

Rhadopis of Nubia
Rhadopis of Nubia is an early novel by the Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz. It was originally published in Arabic in 1943. An English translation by Anthony Calderbank appeared in 2003 published by American University in Cairo Press. The novel is one of several that Mahfouz wrote at the beginning of his career, with Pharaonic Egypt as their setting. Others in this series of novels include Khufu's Wisdom (1939) and Thebes at War (1944). All have been translated into English and appeared in one volume under the title Three Novels of Ancient Egypt (Everyman's Library, 2007).
Tennessee State Route 300
State Route 300 (abbreviated SR 300) is a four-lane freeway in Memphis, Tennessee that runs from Interstate 40 to U.S. Highway 51. SR 300 is unsigned throughout its length except on mileposts. The exit signs on I-40 just refer to SR 300 as Exit 2A going to US 51 and Millington. SR 300 carries a 55 mph (89 km/h) speed limit. Local media sometimes refers to this short route as the "101 Connector", its former federal aid urban designation (U-101 connector). The I-69 designation has been approved for the entire length of SR 300.

The route that is now SR 300 was originally envisioned as a freeway known as the Mud Island Expressway, which would have extended from the present-day eastern terminus across Mud Island to I-40 near downtown.

Interstate 69 in Tennessee
Interstate 69 (I-69) is a proposed Interstate Highway that will pass through the western part of the US state of Tennessee, serving the cities of Union City, Dyersburg, and Memphis. Currently, a 21-mile (34 km) section of already-existing freeway in Memphis has been approved for the I-69 designation (although it has not been signed as such) while another segment near Union City opened on February 21, 2024, under the temporary designation of Tennessee State Route 690. However, state officials have stated that they will not commit to finishing the interstate in their state until they receive more federal funding.
Castelao Building
The Castelao building is a modern architectural building from the beginning of the 21st century located on the corner of Padre Amoedo Carballo and Sierra Street in Pontevedra, Spain, on the edge of the historic centre. It belongs to the Pontevedra Museum.

Pontevedra Museum
The Pontevedra Museum (formerly the Pontevedra Provincial Museum) is a museum in the Galician city of Pontevedra in Spain. It was founded by the Provincial Deputation of Pontevedra on 30 December 1927 and has six buildings for its exhibitions. It has permanent and temporary exhibition rooms. The museum's collections are multidisciplinary, classified into rooms for painting, sculpture, archaeology, decorative arts, engraving and ethnography.

The Pontevedra Museum was declared a Cultural Interest Property on 1 March 1962. It was awarded the Gold Medal of Galicia in 1996.
University Line (TRAX)
The University Line was a light rail line of Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) TRAX system in Salt Lake City. It was the second TRAX line opened by UTA, after the Sandy/Salt Lake Line opened in 1999.

The original line ran from the Delta Center (now Arena) Station via University Boulevard to Stadium Station, serving Rice-Eccles Stadium on the University of Utah campus. The eastern end of the line was extended to the University Medical Center Station in 2003, and the western end was extended in 2008 to the new Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub (Salt Lake Central).

University Line service ended on August 6, 2011. Service on the eastern portion of the line was replaced by the Red Line, and the Salt Lake Central branch is now served by the Blue Line.

Blue Line (TRAX)
The Blue Line is a light rail line on the TRAX system in the Salt Lake Valley of Utah, in the United States, operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA). It is the first line of the TRAX system completed. The line opened on December 4, 1999, one year ahead of schedule after two years of construction. In addition to Salt Lake City, it also serves the communities of South Salt Lake, Murray, Midvale, Sandy and Draper. The line was known as the North/South Line or the Sandy/Salt Lake Line until color names were adopted for each TRAX line in August 2011. An extension of the line to Draper began service on August 18, 2013.

As of 2019, The Utah Transport Authority has begun restoring the Siemens SD 100 and 160s that run on the line, the first restored unit placed into service on April 8, 2019.
Classic Gold GEM
Solid Gold GEM AM (later Classic Gold GEM-AM) was an Independent Local Radio station, broadcasting to much of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Rutland and East Staffordshire from studios in Nottingham, and later Dunstable, Bedfordshire.

The station ran as Solid Gold GEM AM until the mid-1990s when it was absorbed into the rest of the Classic Gold network, and was replaced on 3 August 2007 by a new network called simply Gold. The result of the merger of the Classic Gold and Capital Gold networks under one owner, GCap Media. The GEM name has since re-emerged with the launch of the internet station Solid Gold Gem AM in 2012.

Classic Gold Digital Network
Classic Gold Digital Network was one of the biggest 'gold' (oldies) formatted radio networks in the United Kingdom, with a potential audience of 47 million. Classic Gold was broadcast on analogue and DAB digital platforms, as well as Sky channel 0189. The first stations were launched in 1988; the network grew to 18 stations and was merged into what became the Gold network in 2007.
Tecumseh High School (Michigan)
Tecumseh High School is a public high school for students in grades 9-12 located in the city of Tecumseh, Michigan.  The school services an area of roughly 80 square miles (210 km2) and includes the city of Tecumseh and parts of the Townships of Adrian, Clinton, Franklin, Macon, Raisin, Ridgeway, and Tecumseh. Tecumseh schools are essentially rural and seen as a middle class school system. For the 2001 school year, the Tecumseh Public School system opened the doors to a new $33 million high school. The University of Michigan, University of Toledo, Eastern Michigan University, Adrian College, Siena Heights University, Washtenaw Community College, Monroe Community College and Cleary College are all within a 35-mile (56 km) radius of the community. Jackson College a strong partner with the Tecumseh School District, offers classes both in Tecumseh and neighboring Adrian".

Tecumseh, Michigan
Tecumseh (/təˈkʌmˌsi/ tə-CUM-see) is a city in Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan, near the River Raisin. Tecumseh is about 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Detroit, 25 miles (40 km) south of Ann Arbor, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Toledo, Ohio. The main street of downtown is Chicago Boulevard, also designated as M-50. It crosses the River Raisin a few miles east of M-52.

As of the 2020 census, Tecumseh had a population of 8,680.

The city is surrounded on three sides by Tecumseh Township, but the two are politically independent. Raisin Township borders the southern edge of the city. In 2009 the city was rated by CNNMoney as #93 among the 100 best small towns to live in.
Meron (physics)
A meron or half-instanton is a Euclidean space-time solution of the Yang–Mills field equations. It is a singular non-self-dual solution of topological charge 1/2. The instanton is believed to be composed of two merons.

A meron can be viewed as a tunneling event between two Gribov vacua. In that picture, the meron is an event which starts from vacuum, then a Wu–Yang monopole emerges, which then disappears again to leave the vacuum in another Gribov copy.

BPST instanton
In theoretical physics, the BPST instanton is the instanton with winding number 1 found by Alexander Belavin, Alexander Polyakov, Albert Schwarz and Yu. S. Tyupkin. It is a classical solution to the equations of motion of SU(2) Yang–Mills theory in Euclidean space-time (i.e. after Wick rotation), meaning it describes a transition between two different topological vacua of the theory. It was originally hoped to open the path to solving the problem of confinement, especially since Polyakov had proven in 1975 that instantons are the cause of confinement in three-dimensional compact-QED. This hope was not realized, however.
Counties 3 Dorset & Wilts South
Counties 3 Dorset & Wilts South (formerly Dorset & Wilts 2 South) is an English Rugby Union league, forming part of the South West Division, for clubs primarily based in Dorset, sitting at tier 9 of the English rugby union system.

Promoted teams typically move up to Counties 2 Dorset & Wilts South or occasionally to Counties 2 Dorset & Wilts Central.  Relegated teams used to drop to Dorset & Wilts 3 South but since that division was cancelled at the end of the 2018–19 season there has been no relegation.

Dorset & Wilts 3 South
Dorset & Wilts 3 South was an English Rugby Union league, forming part of the South West Division, primarily for clubs based in Dorset, sitting at tier 10 of the English rugby union system.  Promoted teams generally moved up to Dorset & Wilts 2 South.  Relegated teams dropped to Dorset & Wilts 4 until the cancellation of this division at the end of the 2015–16 season; after that there was no relegation. The league was created in 2005 and disbanded after the 2018–19 season.
Kentucky Route 550
Kentucky Route 550 (KY 550) is a 43.212 miles (69.543 km)
state highway in eastern Kentucky that runs from Kentucky Routes 15 and 80 in northwestern Hazard to Kentucky Route 80 and Judge Road in Eastern via Darfork, Dwarf, Fisty, Carrie, Hindman, Garner, Mousie, Lackey, Garrett, and Eastern.

Kentucky Route 80
Kentucky Route 80 (KY 80) is a 483.55-mile-long (778.20 km) state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. The route originates on the state's western border at Columbus in Hickman County and stretches across the southern portion of the state, terminating southeast of Elkhorn City on the Virginia state line. It is the longest Kentucky State Highway, though the official distance as listed in route logs is much less due to multiple concurrencies with U.S. Route 68 (US 68) and US 23.

The route was split into two segments from 2003 to November 2009. Construction and relocation of KY 80 in Graves, Calloway, and Marshall counties during this time caused the route to be split. A new, four-laned 8.5-mile (13.7 km) section of KY 80 opened in Calloway County on November 25, 2009. The route is now a four-lane divided highway from Mayfield to Bowling Green after the widening to four lanes from Canton to Cadiz was completed in 2020.
Virginia Kidd
Virginia Kidd (June 2, 1921 – January 11, 2003) was an American literary agent, writer and editor, who worked in particular in science fiction and related fields. She represented science fiction American authors such as Ursula K. Le Guin, R.A. Lafferty, Anne McCaffrey, Judith Merril, and Gene Wolfe. Wolfe modeled Ann Schindler, a character in his 1990 novel Castleview, in large part on Kidd.

R. A. Lafferty
Raphael Aloysius Lafferty (November 7, 1914 – March 18, 2002) was an American science fiction, fantasy and historical fiction writer best known for his imaginative and eccentric short stories and novels from the 1960s and 1970s.
Equidistribution theorem
In mathematics, the equidistribution theorem is the statement that the sequence

a, 2a, 3a, ... mod 1

is uniformly distributed on the circle , when a is an irrational number.  It is a special case of the ergodic theorem where one takes the normalized angle measure .

Equidistributed sequence
In mathematics, a sequence (s1, s2, s3, ...) of real numbers is said to be equidistributed, or uniformly distributed, if the proportion of terms falling in a subinterval is proportional to the length of that subinterval.  Such sequences are studied in Diophantine approximation theory and have applications to Monte Carlo integration.
Alf Smith (ice hockey)
Alfred Edward Smith (June 3, 1873 – August 21, 1953) was a Canadian amateur and professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators (a.k.a. Silver Seven) and Kenora Thistles. He had six younger brothers who played senior-level hockey in Ottawa: Daniel (b. 1876), Jack (b. 1878), Harry (b. 1883), Tommy (b. 1886), Billy (b. 1889) and George Smith (b. 1891). He was captain of the Ottawa Hockey Club and also coached the team.

He also played rugby football with the Ottawa Rough Riders, and, in 1902, won a championship with teammate in hockey as well Bouse Hutton.

Harry Smith (ice hockey, born 1883)
Henry James Smith (December 29, 1883 – May 6, 1953) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 98 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the National Hockey Association and Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. Among the teams he played with were the Cobalt Silver Kings, Toronto Tecumsehs, Ottawa Senators, and Montreal Wanderers. He was a member of the famous "Ottawa Silver Seven" from 1905 to 1907. His brothers Alf and Tommy also played ice hockey.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 7
The Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 7 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Fold7) is an Android-based foldable smartphone manufactured, developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It was officially announced on July 9, 2025, at the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event held in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, alongside the Galaxy Z Flip 7 (and its FE model) and the Galaxy Watch 8 series.

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 7 FE
The Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 7 FE (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Flip7 FE) is a mid-range Android-based foldable smartphone developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. Based on the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 6, it is the cheaper model of the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 7 with slightly downgraded specifications. It was officially announced on July 9, 2025, at the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event held in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, alongside its basic model, the Galaxy Z Fold 7 and the Galaxy Watch 8 series.

Both phones are very similar, but the FE model has minor specification downgrades in multiple areas: inner and outer screens, cameras, processor, memory, battery and connectivity.
San Mamés Stadium (1913)
The San Mamés Stadium (Spanish: Estadio San Mamés [esˈtaðjo sam maˈmes]; also known as La Catedral [la kateˈðɾal], "The Cathedral") was a football stadium in Bilbao, Biscay, Spain.  The stadium was the home of Athletic Bilbao, known as Los Leones de San Mamés-Bilboko lehoiak (The Lions of San Mamés).  They are known as Los Leones because their stadium was built near a church called San Mamés (Saint Mammes). Mammes was an early Christian, born in A.D. 259, who was thrown to the lions by the Romans.

The club's new stadium, of the same name, was inaugurated on 16 September 2013.

San Mamés Stadium (2013)
The San Mamés Stadium (also known as Nuevo San Mamés or San Mames Barria) is an all-seater football stadium in Rafael Moreno Pitxitxi Kalea, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. Inaugurated on 16 September 2013, the stadium replaced the "old" San Mamés as the home of Athletic Bilbao. With a capacity of 53,331 seats, San Mamés is the seventh-largest stadium in Spain and the largest in the Basque Country.
Natural (music)
In modern Western music notation, a natural (♮) is a symbol that cancels a previous sharp or flat in the written music. It indicates that the note is at its unaltered pitch.

The natural symbol can be used as an accidental to cancel sharps or flats on an individual note. It may also be shown in a key signature to indicate that sharps or flats in a previous key signature are cancelled. A note is referred to as 'natural' when the letter-name note (A, B, C, D, E, F, or G) is not modified by a flat or sharp (either from a key signature or an accidental). These notes correspond to the white keys on the keyboard of a piano.

The natural sign is derived from a square b used to denote B♮ in medieval music (in contrast with the round b denoting B♭, which became the flat symbol).

Flat (music)
In music, flat means lower in pitch. The flat symbol, ♭, indicates that the note to which it is applied is played one chromatic semitone lower. The opposite of flat is sharp, indicating a raising of pitch.

The flat symbol (♭) appears in key signatures to indicate which notes are flat throughout a section of music, and also in front of individual notes as an accidental, indicating that the note is flat until the next bar line.
Midlothian Bulls
The Midlothian Bulls were a basketball team, first based in Livingston, Scotland, later in Kirkliston to the west of Edinburgh. The team's history starts in 1989, following the withdrawal of the MIM Livingston team owned by businessman David Murray that competed in the British Basketball League. Both teams share a "crossover" history; the MIM team competed in the Scottish National League for two more years following their withdrawal from the BBL; the Bulls then continued in the success of their predecessor, winning numerous Scottish Cup and league titles. In 1997, the Bulls merged with the Dalkeith Saints to form the Midlothian Bulls, winning the league and cup once more. The team played their final game at the end of the 2000–01 season.

Livingston (basketball)
Livingston was a professional basketball team that was based in Livingston, Scotland. The team was founded in 1977, under the name Edinburgh, by steel magnate David Murray, and was backed by a sponsorship from his company, Murray International Metals. Using the name Murray International or MIM Livingston, they went on to be one of the most successful clubs in Scottish basketball history, playing first in Edinburgh, and then later moving to Livingston.
Judicial independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government, meaning that courts should not be subject to improper influence from those branches or from private or partisan interests. Judicial independence is an important component of the separation of powers.

Different countries deal with the idea of judicial independence through different means of judicial selection, that is, choosing judges. One method seen as promoting judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for judges, as it would ideally free them to decide cases and make rulings according to the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically unpopular or opposed by powerful interests. This concept can be traced back to 18th-century England.

Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
Honda RCV1000R
The Honda RCV1000R was a road racing motorcycle developed to race in the Open class of the MotoGP world championship for the 2014 season.
It was basically a simplified "production racer" version of the RC213V that non-Motorcycle Sport Manufacturers Association (MSMA) teams could enter in the Open class.

The RCV1000R lasted only one season, being replaced by the newer Honda RC213V-RS in 2015.

Honda RC213V
The Honda RC213V is a Japanese motorcycle developed for road racing by Honda Racing Corporation to compete in the MotoGP series from the 2012 season and onwards. Rules for 2012 allowed motorcycles up to 1,000 cc (61 cu in) in capacity, with a limit of 4 cylinders and a maximum 81mm cylinder bore.

The model name designates the following:

RC= Honda's traditional racing prefix for 4-stroke bikes

213= third works bike of the 21st century

V= V engine

A limited-production run of a hand-built, road-going version designated RC213V-S was introduced in 2015 as a MotoGP replica. Honda merchandised a Sports Kit upgrade package to allow owners to improve the specification for non-road use.
Robert Wishart
Robert Wishart was Bishop of Glasgow during the Wars of Scottish Independence and a leading supporter of Sir William Wallace and King Robert Bruce. For Wishart and many of his fellow churchmen, the freedom of Scotland and the freedom of the Scottish church were one and the same thing.  His support for the national cause was to be of crucial importance at some critical times.

William Wallace
Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas, pronounced [ˈɯʎam ˈuəl̪ˠəs̪]; Norman French: William le Waleys; c. 1270 – 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence.

Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in September 1297. He was appointed Guardian of Scotland and served until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in July 1298. In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians.

Since his death, Wallace has obtained a legendary status beyond his homeland. He is the protagonist of Blind Harry's 15th-century epic poem The Wallace and the subject of literary works by Jane Porter and Sir Walter Scott, and of the Academy Award-winning film Braveheart.