hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holy Virgin Cathedral
The Holy Virgin Cathedral, also known as Joy of All Who Sorrow (Russian: Радосте-Скорбященский собор), is a Russian Orthodox cathedral in the Richmond District of San Francisco.  It is the largest of the six cathedrals of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, which has over 400 parishes worldwide, and the cathedra of the Diocese of San Francisco and Western America.

Richmond District, San Francisco
The Richmond District is a neighborhood in the northwest corner of San Francisco, on the West Side of the city. Developed initially in the late 19th century.  It is sometimes confused with the city of Richmond, which is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of San Francisco; accordingly, the neighborhood usually is referred to as "the Richmond."

The Richmond is bordered by Golden Gate Park on the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Lincoln Park, Mountain Lake Park and the Presidio of San Francisco to the north, bisected by the Presidio Greenbelt.
Faded Steel Heat
Faded Steel Heat is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the ninth book in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.

Garrett P.I.
Garrett P.I. is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Glen Cook about Garrett, a freelance private investigator. The novels are written in a hard-boiled detective fiction style, with elements of traditional mystery and dialogue-based humor. Garrett, during his adventures in his home city of TunFaire and across Karenta and the Cantard, has to deal with elves, vampires, centaurs, trolls, and numerous mixed breeds, along with gods, wizards, witches and more. Unlike most fantasy series, the Garrett P.I. novels focus more on the detective aspects of the story and less on the magical.
Zhangjiajie
Zhangjiajie (simplified Chinese: 张家界; traditional Chinese: 張家界; pinyin: Zhāngjiājiè; Tujia: Zanxjiaxgaif /tsán tɕá kǎi/) is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan Province, China. It comprises the district of Yongding, Wulingyuan and counties of Cili and Sangzhi. It contains the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, part of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.

Wulingyuan, Zhangjiajie
Wulingyuan District (simplified Chinese: 武陵源区; traditional Chinese: 武陵源區; pinyin: Wǔlíngyuán Qū) is one of two urban districts in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China. It is also the smallest district by population in Hunan. Located on the central area of Zhangjiajie, the district is surrounded by Cili County to the northeast and southeast, to the north by Sangzhi County, and to the south and southwest by Yongding District. The district is named after Wulingyuan of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, one of famous scenic zones.

Wuling District has an area of 397.53 square kilometres (153.49 sq mi) with a registered population of 52,712 (as of 2010 Census), 87% of which are ethnic Tujia. It is divided into 2 subdistricts and 2 towns (November 27, 2015), and its government seat is Jundiping Subdistrict (军地坪街道).
Orlando City U-23
Orlando City U-23 was an American soccer team based in Lake Mary, Florida, United States. Founded in 1998, the team played in the Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Southeast Division of the Southern Conference. The team was part of the Orlando City SC youth development system, and played the majority of their home games at Seminole Soccer Complex in nearby Lake Mary, Florida.

The team's colors as the Kraze were blue, white and red, while they also occasionally wore forest green.

Seminole Soccer Complex (Sanford)
The Seminole Soccer Complex is a dedicated soccer park that includes over eleven fields and a soccer-specific stadium, located in Sanford, Seminole County, Florida.  The facility is home to the Orlando City U-23 team (formerly known as the Central Florida Kraze).  It has been used by the Central Florida Krush, and the Lake Mary High School football team.

Address: 
1900 Seminole Soccer Loop
Sanford, FL 32771
Pelargonium capitatum
Pelargonium capitatum is one of several species (including Pelargonium graveolens) known as rose geranium or rose-scented pelargonium in English. The popular names refer to the scent of the essential oils extracted from glandular tissue, not the flowers, which have hardly any scent to speak of. Some of the species are known as kusmalva (meaning, roughly, "coastal geranium") in Afrikaans.

It is in the subgenus Pelargonium along with Pelargonium graveolens, Pelargonium tomentosum and Pelargonium crispum.

Pelargonium graveolens
Pelargonium graveolens is a Pelargonium species native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Common names include rose geranium, sweet scented geranium, old-fashioned rose geranium, and rose-scent geranium.
Diocese of Cortona
The Diocese of Cortona was a Catholic Churchecclesiastical territory in central Italy, which existed from 1325 to 1986. It was immediately subject to the Holy See.

In 1986 the diocese of Cortona was united with the Diocese of Sansepolcro and the Diocese of  Arezzo to form the diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro. It became a suffragan (subordinate) diocese of the Metropolitan archdiocese of Florence.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Sansepolcro
The Roman Catholic diocese of Sansepolcro was a Latin rite see in Tuscany, central Italy. It was erected in 1515, as the Diocese of (Borgo) Sansepolcro (Italian), though difficulties prevented the appointment of a bishop until 1520. On 30 September 1986, the diocese was suppressed  and united with the Diocese of Arezzo and the Diocese of Cortona to form the Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro.

The diocese has always been a suffragan of the archbishop of Florence.
Vladimir Govorov
Vladimir Leonidovich Govorov (Russian: Владимир Леонидович Говоров; 18 October 1924 – 13 August 2006) was a Soviet General and military leader. He was the son of Soviet military commander Marshal Leonid Govorov.

Leonid Govorov
Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov (Russian: Леони́д Алекса́ндрович Го́воров; 22 February [O.S. 10 February] 1897 – 19 March 1955) was a Soviet military commander. Trained as an artillery officer, he joined the Red Army in 1920. He graduated from several Soviet military academies, including the Military Academy of Red Army General Staff. He participated in the Winter War of 1939–1940 against Finland as a senior artillery officer.

In World War II, Govorov rose to command an army in November 1941 during the Battle of Moscow. He commanded the Leningrad Front from April 1942 to the end of the war. He reached the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1944, and was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards. He was the father of Soviet General Vladimir Govorov.
Nippon Scout Jamboree
The Nippon Scout Jamboree (日本スカウトジャンボリー, Nippon Sukauto Janborī) is a Scouting Jamboree held by the Scout Association of Japan, and is the largest Scouting event in Japan. "Scout" was added to the name beginning in 2018.

Jamborees are held once every four years, and are abbreviated as "NJ", or including the number of the event, as (for example) 14NJ for the 14th Nippon Jamboree.

The first postwar all-Japan camp held to celebrate the reorganization of the Boy Scouts of Japan was held September 24–25, 1949 in Tokyo. The second All-Japan Camporee was held from August 18–20, 1950. The third All-Japan Camporee was held from August 4–6, 1951. Beginning with the fourth All-Japan Camporee, the name was changed to Nippon Jamboree.

Scout Association of Japan
The Scout Association of Japan (ボーイスカウト日本連盟, Bōi Sukauto Nihon Renmei) is the major Scouting organization of Japan. Starting with boys only, the organization was known as Boy Scouts of Japan from 1922 to 1971, and as Boy Scouts of Nippon from 1971 to 1995, when it became coeducational in all sections, leading to neutral naming. Scouting activity decreased radically during World War II but slowly recovered; membership at the end of May 2017 was 99,779.
Adlington, Lancashire
Adlington is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Chorley in Lancashire, England, near the West Pennine Moors. It is 3 miles (5 kilometres) south of Chorley. It became a separate parish in 1842 then grew into a township around the textile and coal mining industries until these closed in the 1960s. It had a population of 5,270 at the 2001 census, and risen to 6,010 at the 2011 census. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal runs through the village, where it holds White Bear Marina, the largest marina on the Canal.

Chorley
Chorley is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Chorley in Lancashire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north of Wigan, 11 miles (18 km) south west of Blackburn, 11 miles (18 km) north west of Bolton, 12 miles (19 km) south of Preston and 20 miles (32 km) north west of Manchester. The town's wealth came principally from the cotton industry. In 2020 it had a population of 36,682.

In the 1970s, the skyline was dominated by factory chimneys, but most have now been demolished: remnants of the industrial past include Morrisons chimney and other mill buildings, and the streets of terraced houses for mill workers. Chorley is the home of the Chorley cake.
Dapingian
The Dapingian is the third stage of the Ordovician system and the first stage of the Middle Ordovician series. It is preceded by the Floian and succeeded by the Darriwilian. The base of the Dapingian (and the top of the Floian) is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Baltoniodus triangularis which happened about 471.3 million years ago. The Dapingian lasted for about 1.9 million years until about 469.4 million years ago.

Floian
The Floian is the second stage of the Ordovician Period. It succeeds the Tremadocian with which it forms the Lower Ordovician series. It precedes the Dapingian Stage of the Middle Ordovician. The Floian extended from 477.1 to 471.3 million years ago. The lower boundary is defined as the first appearance of the graptolite species Tetragraptus approximatus.
Theobalds Grove railway station
Theobalds Grove is a station on the Weaver line of the London Overground, located in Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire. The station is named after the nearby Theobalds Palace grounds. It is 13 miles 45 chains (21.8 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Turkey Street and Cheshunt stations on the Southbury Loop section of the Lea Valley lines. It is in London fare zone 7.

Cheshunt railway station
Cheshunt is an interchange station for London Overground (Weaver line) and Greater Anglia services on the Lea Valley lines, located in Cheshunt in the Borough of Broxbourne.

It is on the West Anglia Main Line section of the Lea Valley lines, 14 miles 1 chain (22.6 km) from London Liverpool Street and situated between Waltham Cross and Broxbourne stations. It is also the final station on the Southbury Loop after Theobalds Grove, forming one of three northern termini for Weaver line services.

The station is in London fare zone 8, and is adjacent to the Lee Valley Regional Park. During the London 2012 Olympic Games, Cheshunt and Waltham Cross provided the main rail access to the Lee Valley White Water Centre.
Hearts of Iron II
Hearts of Iron II is a 2005 grand strategy video game developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive for Microsoft Windows. A Mac OS X version was released the same year. It is the sequel to Hearts of Iron.

It takes place in the time period from 1 January 1936 (1933 with an expansion) through 30 December 1947 (1964 with an expansion), and allows the player to assume control of any one of over 175 nations of the time and guide its development through the years before, during and after the Second World War. It was developed by Paradox Interactive and released in 2005. The lead game programmer was Johan Andersson.

A sequel, Hearts of Iron III, was released in August 2009.

Arsenal of Democracy, a grand strategy wargame based on Hearts of Iron II, was released in February 2010. Iron Cross, a Hearts of Iron II expansion, was released on October 7, 2010, and Darkest Hour, a stand-alone strategy game based on Hearts of Iron II, was released on April 5, 2011.

Darkest Hour: A Hearts of Iron Game
Darkest Hour: A Hearts of Iron Game is a 2011 grand strategy video game developed by Martin Ivanov and published by Paradox Interactive. It is the first installment in the Hearts of Iron series to not be developed by Paradox Development Studio, instead being developed by a team of independent developers led by Ivanov; Paradox let them use their in-house Europa Engine.

In Darkest Hour, as is the case with other Hearts of Iron titles, the player can take control of almost any country that existed in the game's timeframe, which spans from 1914-1920 or 1933–1964 depending on the scenario. Management of the state includes its political, diplomatic, espionage, economic, military, and technological aspects. The game was released on 5 April 2011.
Society of Engineers (United Kingdom)
The Society of Engineers was a British learned society established in 1854. It was the first society to issue the professional title of Incorporated Engineer. It merged with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers (IIE) in 2005, and in 2006 the merged body joined with the Institution of Electrical Engineers to become the Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Institution of Engineering and Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution. The IET was formed in 2006 from two separate institutions: the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), dating back to 1871, and the Institute of Incorporated Engineers (IIE), dating back to 1884. Its worldwide membership is currently in excess of 156,000 in 148 countries. The IET's main offices are in Savoy Place in London, England, and at Futures Place in Stevenage, England.

In the United Kingdom, the IET has the authority to establish professional registration for the titles of Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Engineering Technician, and ICT Technician, as a licensed member institution of the Engineering Council.

The IET is registered as a charity in England, Wales and Scotland.
Greenlands, Buckinghamshire
Greenlands is a country house situated by the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, just outside Henley-on-Thames. Built in the nineteenth century, it now forms the core of Greenlands Campus of the University of Reading, and is used by their Henley Business School as the base for its MBA and corporate learning offerings. It has been a Grade II* listed building since 1992.

Henley Business School
Henley Business School is a business school which is affiliated with the University of Reading. It was formed by merging the previously independent Henley Management College (formerly the Administrative Staff College) with the existing business school of the University of Reading. As a result of the merger it now occupies two sites: Greenlands Campus, near the town of Henley-on-Thames, the original site of the Henley Management College, and Whiteknights Campus in Reading.

As of 2020 the school had triple accreditation by EQUIS, AMBA and the AACSB.
Dorothy Thornhill, Baroness Thornhill
Dorothy Thornhill, Baroness Thornhill, MBE (born 26 May 1955) was the first directly elected mayor of Watford, Hertfordshire, England. She was the Liberal Democrats' first directly elected mayor, and was also the first female directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom. She served as Mayor of Watford from May 2002 until May 2018. She was nominated for a life peerage in August 2015.

Mayor of Watford
The mayor of Watford is the head of the borough council of Watford, Hertfordshire, England. The holder of the position is a directly elected mayor using the supplementary vote every four years. The current mayor of Watford is Peter Taylor, who was elected in May 2018 for the Liberal Democrats.
Pennsylvania Route 238
Pennsylvania Route 238 (PA 238) is a state highway located entirely in York County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus of the route is at PA 74 in Shiloh. The eastern terminus is at PA 181 in Emigsville. PA 238 is a two-lane undivided road passing through suburban and rural areas to the northwest of York. The route has an interchange with Interstate 83 (I-83) at exit 24 in Emigsville. The road between Shiloh and Emigsville was paved in the 1930s. PA 238 was assigned to its current alignment in the 1960s.

Pennsylvania Route 74
Pennsylvania Route 74 (PA 74) is a 96.4-mile-long (155.1 km) north–south state highway located in central Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at the Mason–Dixon line southwest of Delta, where the road continues into Maryland as Maryland Route 165 (MD 165). The northern terminus is at PA 75 south of Port Royal.
Mount Stewart
Mount Stewart is a 19th-century house and garden in County Down, Northern Ireland, owned by the National Trust.  Situated on the east shore of Strangford Lough, a few miles outside the town of Newtownards and near Greyabbey, it was the Irish seat of the Stewart family, Marquesses of Londonderry. Prominently associated in particular with the 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (better known as Viscount Castlereagh), Britain's Foreign Secretary at the Congress of Vienna, and with the 7th Marquess of Londonderry, the former Air Minister who at Mount Stewart attempted private diplomacy with Hitler's Germany, the house and its contents reflect the history of the family's leading role in social and political life in Britain and Ireland.

Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry
Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, KG, MVO, PC, PC (Ire) (13 May 1878 – 10 February 1949), styled Lord Stewart until 1884 and Viscount Castlereagh between 1884 and 1915, was a British peer and politician. He is best remembered in Great Britain for his tenure as Secretary of State for Air in the 1930s and for his attempts to reach an understanding with Nazi Germany. In 1935, he was removed from the Air Ministry but retained in the Cabinet as Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords. In Ireland, especially within Ulster, Lord Londonderry is best remembered for his opposition to Home Rule for Ireland in the early twentieth century.
Ramoji Group
Ramoji Group is an Indian conglomerate founded by Ramoji Rao and headquartered in Hyderabad, India. Its businesses cover television and newspaper media, film production, financial services, retail, education and hospitality. In 1996, one of its businesses, Ramoji Film City, was recognized by Guinness World Records as the largest film studio complex in the world.

Ramoji Rao
Cherukuri Ramoji Rao (16 November 1936 – 8 June 2024) was an Indian businessman, media proprietor and film producer. He was head of the Ramoji Group which owns the world's largest film production facility Ramoji Film City, Eenadu newspaper, ETV Network of TV channels, film production company Usha Kiran Movies.

His other business ventures included Margadarsi Chit Fund, Dolphin Group of Hotels, Kalanjali Shopping Mall, Priya Pickles, ETV Win OTT platform and Mayuri Film Distributors.

Rao garnered four Filmfare Awards South, five Nandi Awards and the National Film Award for his works in Telugu cinema. In 2016, he was honoured with the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour, for his contributions in journalism, literature and education.
Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group
The Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group (MCTOG) provides advanced and standardized training in Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Operations, Combined Arms Training and Unit Readiness Planning at the Battalion and Regiment levels, and synchronizes doctrine and training standards IOT enhance combat preparation and performance of Ground Combat Element (GCE) units in MAGTF operations.  They fall under the command of the Training and Education Command.  It was established by General James T. Conway, Commandant of the Marine Corps.

United States Marine Corps Training and Education Command
The Marine Corps Training and Education Command (TECOM) is the primary training command of the United States Marine Corps.

TECOM leads the Marine Corps training and education continuum from individual entry-level training, professional military education and continuous professional development, through unit, collective, and service-level training in order to produce warfighters and enhance warfighting organizations that enable the Fleet Marine Force (FMF) to build and sustain the combat readiness required to fight and succeed, today and in the future.
Method of matched asymptotic expansions
In mathematics, the method of matched asymptotic expansions is a common approach to finding an accurate approximation to the solution to an equation, or system of equations. It is particularly used when solving singularly perturbed differential equations. It involves finding several different approximate solutions, each of which is valid (i.e. accurate) for part of the range of the independent variable, and then combining these different solutions together to give a single approximate solution that is valid for the whole range of values of the independent variable. In the Russian literature, these methods were known under the name of "intermediate asymptotics" and were introduced in the work of Yakov Zeldovich and Grigory Barenblatt.

Singular perturbation
In mathematics, a singular perturbation problem is a problem containing a small parameter that cannot be approximated by setting the parameter value to zero. More precisely, the solution cannot be uniformly approximated by an asymptotic expansion

as . Here  is the small parameter of the problem and  are a sequence of functions of  of increasing order, such as . This is in contrast to regular perturbation problems, for which a uniform approximation of this form can be obtained. Singularly perturbed problems are generally characterized by dynamics operating on multiple scales. Several classes of singular perturbations are outlined below.

The term "singular perturbation" was
coined in the 1940s by Kurt Otto Friedrichs and Wolfgang R. Wasow.
Sogn og Fjordane
Sogn og Fjordane (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɔŋn ɔ ˈfjûːrɑnə] ⓘ; literally "Parish and the Fjords") was a county in western Norway, from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, after it was merged to become part of Vestland county. It was surrounded by Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Buskerud, and Hordaland counties. The county administration was in the village of Hermansverk in Leikanger Municipality. The largest town in the county was Førde.

Although Sogn og Fjordane has some industry, predominantly hydroelectricity and aluminium, it is predominantly an agricultural area. Sogn og Fjordane is also home to the Urnes Stave Church and the Nærøyfjord, which are both listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.

The Western Norway University of Applied Sciences has campuses in Sogndalsfjøra and Førde.

Leikanger Municipality
Leikanger (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈlæ̂ɪkɑŋər] ⓘ) is a former municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It was located on the northern shore of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn. The administrative center was the village of Hermansverk, which also was the administrative center of the old Sogn og Fjordane county.

Prior to its dissolution in 2020, the 180.1-square-kilometre (69.5 sq mi) municipality was the 342nd largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Leikanger Municipality was the 302nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,331. The municipality's population density was 12.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (33/sq mi) and its population had increased by 8.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The Leikanger/Hermansverk urban area had 2,144 inhabitants (2019), about 90% of the municipal population. This urban area is often called Systrond, which is why a person from Leikanger is often called Systrending.