hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
House of Astarac
The House of Astarac is a feudal lineage, descended from the House of Gascony, which owned the county of Astarac between the 10th and 16th centuries. The county was derived from a section of the county of Gascony upon the death of Garcia II.

Astarac
Astarac (French pronunciation: [astaʁak]) (or Estarac) is a region in the modern-day departments of Gers and Hautes-Pyrénées. It was historically located in Gascony, a county in the Middle Ages. Astarac was formed as a county out of the partition of the Duchy of Gascony: following the death of García II Sánchez of Gascony, the duchy  was partitioned between his sons, with Arnold I, the youngest son, receiving Astarac.
Alexander Wood (physician)
Alexander Wood FRSE PRCPE (10 December 1817 – 26 February 1884) was a Scottish physician. He invented the first true hypodermic syringe. He served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from 1858 to 1861.

Syringe
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside of the tube, allowing the syringe to take in and expel liquid or gas through a discharge orifice at the front (open) end of the tube.  The open end of the syringe may be fitted with a hypodermic needle, a nozzle or tubing to direct the flow into and out of the barrel.  Syringes are frequently used in clinical medicine to administer injections, infuse intravenous therapy into the bloodstream, apply compounds such as glue or lubricant, and draw/measure liquids. There are also prefilled syringes (disposable syringes marketed with liquid inside).

The word "syringe" is derived from the Greek σῦριγξ (syrinx, meaning "Pan flute", "tube").
Chessmaster
Chessmaster (originally The Chessmaster) is a chess video game series, currently owned and developed by Ubisoft. It is the best-selling chess video game series, with more than five million units sold as of 2002. The same cover art image featuring Will Hare was used from Chessmaster 2000 to Chessmaster 9000.

Chessmaster 5000
Chessmaster 5000 is a 1996 chess video game developed and published by Mindscape for Windows. It is part of the Chessmaster series. An upgraded version, Chessmaster 5500, was released in 1997. An online game, Chessmaster Live, was included with 5500. The chess engine was designed by Tasc ChessSystem.
Refractive surgery
Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and thereby decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement. The most common methods today use excimer lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. Refractive eye surgeries are used to treat common vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism.

Keratomileusis
Keratomileusis, from Greek κέρας (kéras: horn) and σμίλευσις (smíleusis: carving), or corneal reshaping, is the improvement of the refractive state of the cornea by surgically reshaping it. It is the most common form of refractive surgery. The first usable technique was developed by José Ignacio Barraquer, commonly called "the father of modern refractive surgery."

The most common modern procedure, LASIK, is performed through lifting the front surface of the eye by forming a thin hinged flap under which the shape of the cornea is changed by using an excimer laser or other surgical device. A microkeratome is usually used to cut the flap, but a femtosecond laser can also be used to make the flap.

Before the advent of the excimer laser, keratomileusis was done using a cryolathe, which froze thin flaps of corneal tissue and lathe cut them much like one cuts the lens of a pair of glasses. After thawing, these reshaped flaps were placed under the front flap to reshape the cornea.
Timothy Snyder
Timothy David Snyder (born August 18, 1969) is an American historian specializing in the history of Central and Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and the Holocaust. He holds the inaugural Chair in Modern European History, supported by the Temerty Endowment for Ukrainian Studies, at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto. From 2017 to 2025 he was the Richard C. Levin Professor of History at Yale University.

He is a permanent fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna. 
Snyder serves on the Committee on Conscience of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Snyder has written many books, including Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (2010), On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century (2017), The Road to Unfreedom (2018), and Our Malady (2020). Several of these have been described as best-sellers.

Institute for Human Sciences
The Institute for Human Sciences (German: Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, IWM) is an independent institute for advanced study in the humanities and social sciences based in Vienna, Austria.
Rory Feek
Rory Lee Feek (born April 25, 1965) is an American country music singer and songwriter. In his career, he has written singles for Clay Walker, Blake Shelton, Tracy Byrd and other artists. He and his wife, Joey Feek, formed the duo Joey + Rory and was placed third on the first season of the CMT talent show Can You Duet. He also established Giantslayer Records for launching of new independent artists.

Joey + Rory
Joey + Rory  was an American country and bluegrass duo from Columbia, Tennessee. The duo was composed of singer-songwriters Rory Feek (born April 25, 1965) and Joey Feek (September 9, 1975 – March 4, 2016), who were husband and wife. Both members of the duo were vocalists and songwriters, with Rory also playing acoustic guitar. Prior to the duo's foundation, Rory wrote singles for other artists. The duo recorded for Vanguard Records and Gaither Music Group and charted three singles on Hot Country Songs.
J. P. Darche
Jean-Philippe "J. P." Darche (born February 28, 1975) is a Canadian former professional football player who was a long snapper. He was signed and drafted by the Toronto Argonauts in 1999. He played CIS football at McGill.

Darche has also played for the Seattle Seahawks and Kansas City Chiefs. He is the older brother of Mathieu Darche, a former National Hockey League player and current general manager of the New York Islanders.

Mathieu Darche
Mathieu Darche (born November 26, 1976) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player who is the general manager for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for several American Hockey League (AHL) and NHL clubs from 2000 to 2012. Mathieu is the younger brother of football player J. P. Darche.
Chrysler Six
The Chrysler Six was a series of cars that were all installed with the Chrysler Straight Six when the company assumed operations of the Maxwell Automobile Company in 1924, and Chalmers Automobile Company in 1926. The Chrysler Six initially consisted of several Models, then Series designations that originally declared the approximate top speed each vehicle was able to consistently maintain, then each series number was incrementally updated every new model year, and each series was offered in several body style choices. The engines were technically advanced for their time and were entered in the 24 Hours of Le Mans for 1925, 1928 and 1929.

Chrysler Airflow
The Chrysler Airflow is a full-size car produced by Chrysler from 1934 to 1937. The Airflow was the first full-size American production car to use streamlining as a basis for building a sleeker automobile, one less susceptible to air resistance. Chrysler made a significant effort at a fundamental change in automotive design with the Chrysler Airflow, but it was ultimately a commercial failure due to a lack of market acceptance and controversial appearance.

Chrysler also marketed a companion model under the DeSoto brand, the DeSoto Airflow, and the appearance was also offered on the Chrysler Imperial. In 2022, Chrysler announced that the Airflow name would be resurrected for an electric crossover SUV.
Banning, California
Banning is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. Its population was 29,505 as of the 2020 census, down from 29,603 at the 2010 census. It is situated in the San Gorgonio Pass, also known as Banning Pass. It is named for Phineas Banning, stagecoach line owner and the "Father of the Port of Los Angeles."

Banning shares geographic and regional features with its western neighbor, the city of Beaumont. Banning and Beaumont have been rapidly growing in size and population since the 1990s. Both cities are about 80 miles east of downtown Los Angeles and 30 miles west of Palm Springs, both connected by freeway and railroad.

Gilman Ranch
The Gilman Ranch is a historic ranch and stagecoach station on the Bradshaw Trail, in Riverside County, California, United States.  The ranch is best known for its association with the manhunt of Willie Boy, a Paiute Indian who killed the father of Carlota, the woman he was forbidden to marry because they were cousins. They eloped and he shot her father after they returned.  The story was popularized by the book, written by Harry Lawton, and subsequent movie, starring Robert Redford and Robert Blake, named "Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here".

The ranch buildings are now protected as the Gilman Historic Ranch and Wagon Museum within the Gilman Ranch Historic Park, located in Banning. Displays include authentic wagons, including an Overland stagecoach, a “prairie schooner” and a chuck wagon, a saddle collection and Western ranching tools and artifacts. The museum and park are operated by Riverside County Parks.

The ranch complex is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Hackworth valve gear
The Hackworth valve gear is a design of valve gear used to regulate the flow of steam to the pistons in steam engines. It is a radial gear, with an actuating lever driven from the crank. The drive may be taken directly from the crank or indirectly via a return crank (as in all pictures). The other end of the actuating lever is attached to a die block which slides in a slotted link. When the link is vertical, the engine is in mid-gear. Forward, reverse and cut-off adjustments are made by moving the link away from the vertical. The valve rod is pivoted to a point on the actuating lever.

Valve gear
The valve gear of a steam engine is the mechanism that operates the inlet and exhaust valves to admit steam into the cylinder and allow exhaust steam to escape, respectively, at the correct points in the cycle. It can also serve as a reversing gear. It is sometimes referred to as the "motion".
1985 anti-Tamil violence in Karaitivu
The 1985 anti-Tamil violence in Karaitivu was a series of organised violent attacks against the Tamil population of Karaitivu, Ampara in Sri Lanka by Sri Lankan Muslim mobs aided by Sri Lankan security forces in April 1985. About 2000 Tamil houses were burned down and several thousand Tamils became displaced.

Karaitivu (Ampara)
Karaitivu (Tamil: காரைதீவு, Sinhala: කාරතීවු) is a coastal village situated in the Eastern Coast of Sri Lanka about 30 miles (44 km) south of Batticaloa and is next to Kalmunai town. This is one of the oldest surviving village settlements in the Ampara District.
ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.

ATP rankings
The PIF ATP Rankings (previously known as the Pepperstone ATP Rankings) are the merit-based method used by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for determining the qualification for entry as well as the seeding of players in all singles and doubles tournaments. The first rankings for singles were published on 23 August 1973 while the doubles players were ranked for the first time on 1 March 1976. Ranking points are awarded according to the stage of tournament reached, and the prestige of the tournament, with the four Grand Slam tournaments awarding the most points. The rankings are updated every Monday, and points are dropped 52 weeks after being awarded (with the exception of the ATP Finals, from which points are dropped on the Monday following the last ATP Tour event of the following year). As of February 27,
2026, Carlos Alcaraz is the current men's singles world No. 1.
CD Torrevieja
Club Deportivo Torrevieja was a Spanish football team based in Torrevieja, in the autonomous community of Valencia. Founded in 1993 and dissolved in 2020, they played 14 seasons in Tercera División, and held home games at Estadio Vicente García, with a capacity of 5,000 seats.

Torrevieja
Torrevieja is a Mediterranean-seaside city and municipality on the Costa Blanca, in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, in southeastern Spain. The city is in one of the only Spanish-speaking areas of the Valencian Community.

Torrevieja lies about 50 kilometres south of the city of Alicante and had a population of around 90.1k residents as of the 2011 census; the latest official estimate (2019) is 83.3k inhabitants. Torrevieja was originally a salt-mining and fishing village, as it is located between the Mediterranean Sea and two large pink salt lakes known as Las Salinas de Torrevieja.
Tuonela Planitia
Tuonela Planitia is an elongated plain and probable cryolava lake on Neptune's moon Triton. Located in Triton's northern hemisphere within Monad Regio, it overlies part of Triton's unusual cantaloupe terrain. As with neighboring Ruach Planitia and the other walled plains on Triton, Tuonela Planitia is among the youngest features on Triton's surface.

Geology of Triton
The geology of Triton encompasses the physical characteristics of the surface, internal structure, and geological history of Neptune's largest moon Triton. With a mean density of 2.061 g/cm3, Triton is roughly 15-35% water ice by mass; Triton is a differentiated body, with an icy solid crust atop a probable subsurface ocean and a rocky core. As a result, Triton's surface geology is largely driven by the dynamics of water ice and other volatiles such as nitrogen and methane. Triton's geology is vigorous, and has been and continues to be influenced by its unusual history of capture, high internal heat, and its thin but significant atmosphere.

Nearly nothing was known of Triton's geology until the Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the Neptune system in 1989, marking the first and only up-close observations of the moon as of 2024. A number of proposals have been made to follow up on Voyager 2's discoveries, such as Trident and Triton Hopper.
1979 European Competition for Women's Football
The 1979 European Competition for Women's Football was a women's football tournament contested by European nations. It took place in Italy from 19 to 27 July 1979.

The tournament featured 12 teams, with games staged in Naples and Rimini. Considered unofficial because it was not run under the auspices of UEFA, it was a precursor to the UEFA Women's Championship. Denmark won the tournament, beating hosts Italy 2–0 in the final at Stadio San Paolo.

UEFA Women's Championship
The UEFA European Women's Championship, also called the UEFA Women's Euro, is the main competition in women's association football between national teams of the UEFA confederation. It is held every four years, one year after the men's. It was first held in 1984. The reigning champions are England, who won the tournament in 2022 and 2025. The most successful nation in the history of the tournament is Germany, with eight titles.
Étienne Léopold Trouvelot
Étienne Léopold Trouvelot (December 26, 1827 – April 22, 1895) was a French artist, astronomer and amateur entomologist.
He is noted for the import and release of the gypsy moth, also known as the spongy moth, into North America. The spread of the moths as an invasive species has resulted in damage to millions  of trees throughout the eastern United States.

Lymantria dispar
Lymantria dispar, also known as the gypsy moth or the spongy moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae native to Europe and Asia. Lymantria dispar is subdivided into several subspecies, with subspecies such as L. d. dispar and L. d. japonica being clearly identifiable without ambiguity. Lymantria dispar has been introduced to several continents and is now additionally found as an invasive species in Africa, North America and South America. The polyphagous larvae live on a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees and can cause severe damage in years of mass reproduction. Due to these features, Lymantria dispar is listed among the world's 100 worst invasive alien species.
Dream Team (law)
The "Dream Team" refers to the team of trial lawyers that represented American athlete O. J. Simpson in his 1995 trial for the alleged murders of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman. The team included Robert Shapiro, Johnnie Cochran, Carl Douglas, Shawn Chapman Holley, Gerald Uelmen, Robert Kardashian, Alan Dershowitz, F. Lee Bailey, Barry Scheck, Peter Neufeld, Robert Blasier, Murrough O'Rourke and William Thompson.

Peter Neufeld
Peter J. Neufeld (born July 17, 1950) is an American attorney. He is best known as the co-founder, with Barry Scheck, of the Innocence Project, and for his role on the defense team of O. J. Simpson in his murder trial.
Murder of Manap Sarlip
On 1 July 2007, 29-year-old Manap Sarlip was found murdered outside his flat at Whampoa, Singapore. The police investigations led to the arrest of the killer, 17-year-old Muhammad Nasir Abdul Aziz, and Manap's 24-year-old wife Aniza Essa, who ordered and manipulated Nasir to kill Manap. Both of them were charged with murder and abetment of murder respectively. It was revealed that Aniza, who was in an unhappy marriage with Manap due to his abusive behaviour, had an affair with Nasir, who fell deeply in love with her; therefore, she instigated Nasir to help her kill her husband under the pretext that they would end up together without him. With her depression taken into account, Aniza was sentenced to nine years' imprisonment after pleading guilty to manslaughter. As for Nasir, he was found guilty of murder but was imprisoned indefinitely under the President's Pleasure since his age of 17 prevented him from receiving the death penalty under Singaporean law.

The President's Pleasure (Singapore)
The President's Pleasure (TPP) in Singapore was a practice of indefinite imprisonment formerly applied to offenders who were convicted of capital offences (most notably murder and drug trafficking) but were below the age of 18 at the time of their crimes. Such offenders were not sentenced to death in accordance with the death penalty laws in Singapore; they were instead indefinitely detained by order of the President of Singapore. This is similarly practised contemporarily for offenders who were of unsound mind when they committed their crimes, who are thus indefinitely detained at prisons or medical facilities (notably the Institute of Mental Health) in Singapore.
Kabul–Kandahar Highway
The Kabul–Kandahar Highway (NH0101) is a 483 km (300 mi) two-lane and in some areas a four-lane road that links Afghanistan's two largest cities, Kabul and Kandahar. It starts from Dashte Barchi in Kabul and passes through Maidan Shar, Saydabad, Ghazni, and Qalat before reaching Ayno Maina in Kandahar. It is currently being rehabilitated at different locations. This highway is a key portion of Afghanistan's "National Highway 1". It has a total of five truck scales, with two in Maidan Wardak Province, one in Ghazni Province, one in Zabul Province, and one in Kandahar Province.

Zabul Province
Zabul Province is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the south of the country. It has a population of 249,000. Zabul became a separate province from neighbouring Kandahar in 1963. Historically, it was part of the Zabulistan region. Qalat serves as the capital of the province. The major ethnic group are Pashtuns. Primary occupations within Zabul are agriculture and animal husbandry.

According to Iranic legend, Zabul is the birthplace of the hero Rostam.
Lianjiang County
Lianjiang (simplified Chinese: 连江; traditional Chinese: 連江; pinyin: Liánjiāng; Wade–Giles: Lien²-chiang¹; BUC: Lièng-gŏng) is a county on the eastern coast in Fuzhou prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Fujian Province, China. Most of the county is administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC), while a number of outlying islands, collectively referred to as the Matsu Islands, are administered as Lienchiang County (same Chinese character name in traditional Chinese characters and referred to using Wade–Giles romanization) by the Republic of China (ROC) (now based in Taiwan) ever since their return to ROC control after Japanese occupation in World War II.

Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands (UK: /ˌmætˈsuː/ or US: /ˌmɑːtˈsuː/) are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea. They are situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms Lienchiang County (/ljɛnˈdʒjɑːŋ/), the smallest county in the Taiwan Area by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province that is administered by the Republic of China.

The current Lienchiang County of the ROC was once part of an intact Lienchiang County of Fujian before its effective partition in 1949 following the Chinese Civil War, which resulted in the mainland portion of the county being controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC), while the offshore islands of Matsu remained under ROC control. The circumstance has made the county the only former geographical unit with the same name that is now divided between the administrations of the ROC and the PRC.
Herbert Vaughan
Herbert Alfred Henry Joseph Thomas Vaughan MHM (15 April 1832 – 19 June 1903) was an English prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Westminster from 1892 until his death in 1903, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1893. He was the founder in 1866 of St Joseph's Foreign Missionary Society, known best as the Mill Hill Missionaries. He also founded the Catholic Truth Society and St. Bede's College, Manchester. As Archbishop of Westminster, he led the capital campaign and construction of Westminster Cathedral.

In 1871 Vaughan sent a group of Mill Hill priests to the United States to minister to freedmen. In 1893, the American branch of the society spun off, with Vaughan's permission, to form the Society of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, whose members are known as Josephites.

St Bede's College, Manchester
St Bede's College is an Independent Roman Catholic co-educational day school for pupils between 3 and 18 years located on Alexandra Road South in Whalley Range, Manchester, England. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

Originally founded in 1876 in All Saints, Manchester as a Commercial College by the Bishop of Salford, Herbert Vaughan, the College moved to its present site on Alexandra Park Road in 1877 and in 1891 became the Diocesan Junior Seminary. The College is no longer operated by the Diocese of Salford and is today an independent charitable trust run by a board of trustees.