hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Excursion
An excursion is a trip, usually made for leisure, education, or physical purposes. It is often an adjunct to a longer journey or visit to a place, sometimes for other (typically work-related) purposes.

Short excursions for education or for observations of natural phenomena are called field trips. One-day educational field studies are often made by classes as extracurricular exercises, for example, to visit a natural or geographical feature.

The term is also used for short military movements into foreign territory, without a formal announcement of war.

Field trip
A field trip or excursion is a journey by a group of associated peers, such as coworkers or school students, to a place away from their normal environment for the purpose of education or leisure, either within their country or abroad.

When arranged by a school administration for students, it is also known as school trip in the United Kingdom, Australia, Kenya, New Zealand and Bangladesh, and school tour in Ireland.

A 2022 study, which used randomized controlled trial data, found that culturally enriching field trips led students to show a greater interest in arts, greater tolerance for people with different views, and boosted their educational outcomes.
Homer Thompson
Homer Armstrong Thompson (September 7, 1906 – May 7, 2000) was a Canadian classical archaeologist of the twentieth century, specializing in ancient Greece. As a fellow of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Thompson was part of the excavations of the Athenian Agora from May 25, 1931 and led them from 1946 until 1970. He was married to a fellow archaeologist, Dorothy Burr Thompson.

Ancient Agora of Athens
The Ancient Agora of Athens (also called the Classical Agora) is an ancient Greek agora. It is located to the northwest of the Acropolis, and bounded on the south by the hill of the Areopagus and on the west by the hill known as the Agoraios Kolonos, also called Market Hill. The Agora's initial use was for a commercial, assembly, or residential gathering place.
Carlsberg Srbija
45°16′26″N 19°31′13″E﻿ / ﻿45.2739°N 19.5204°E﻿ / 45.2739; 19.5204

Carlsberg Srbija (full legal name: Carlsberg Srbija d.o.o. Čelarevo) is a Serbian beer brewery, based in Bačka Palanka. It is majority owned by Danish Carlsberg Group since 2003 and it has around 550 employees.

It is well known by its signature brand Lav pivo. As of 2012, Carlsberg Srbija holds 28.4% of Serbian beer market, placing it second, behind market leader Apatinska pivara.

The Belgrade-based Carlsberg South East Europe regional group oversees Carlsberg's operations in the Balkans (other than Čelarevo facility, Carlsberg owns several more breweries in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania). In addition to its market presence in Serbia, Carlsberg Srbija exports its signature brand on the markets of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Lav pivo
Lav pivo (Serbian Cyrillic: Лав пиво) is a Serbian beer brand. Produced and bottled by Carlsberg Srbija in the town of Čelarevo (Bačka Palanka municipality), it has the second-biggest market share among the beer brands in Serbia, behind their rivals Jelen. Lav means 'lion' in Serbian.

In addition to Serbia, it is also widespread in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Lav used to sponsor the Serbia national football team. Lav's television campaign features a series of commercials featuring actor Nenad Jezdić.

Lav comes in three varieties: the regular one with 4.5% alcohol, the stronger one with 7%, known as Lav 7, and a "smooth" variety known as Lav Premium.
Toy block
Toy blocks, also called building bricks, building blocks, or simply blocks, are wooden, plastic, or foam pieces of various shapes (cube, cylinder, arch etc.) and colors that are used as construction toys. Sometimes, toy blocks depict letters of the alphabet.

Unit block
A unit block is a type of standardized wooden toy block for children. Known also as standard unit blocks or kindergarten blocks, these building blocks are common in preschools and some kindergarten classrooms in the United States.
Predatory Sparrow
Predatory Sparrow (Persian: گنجشک درنده, romanized: Gonjeshke Darande) is a pro-Israel hacker group with possible links to the Israeli government. Since 2021, the group has claimed responsibility for multiple cyberattacks targeting Iran, including the 2021 Iranian fuel cyberattack, attacks on several Iranian steel mills in 2022, and attacks on Bank Sepah and the Nobitex cryptocurrency exchange in 2025.

2021 Iranian fuel cyberattack
The Iranian fuel 2021 cyberstrike was an attack on the Iranian fuel system, government-issued cards used for buying subsidized fuel, and digital road billboards. The attack took place on 26 October 2021. The government announced that people had to buy gas without their ration card. According to the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, the attacks were similar to the attack on the Iranian rail road transit system in July. Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi stated, "this cyberattack is neither the first time nor will it be the last."

Network infrastructure is a semi-isolated system not connected to the Internet but instead uses the National Internet (National Information Network).

Gholamreza Jalali, the head of Iranian civil defense, accused the United States and Israel of being behind the attack in an interview with state TV.
Erika Holzer
Erika Holzer was an American novelist and essayist who was a close associate of Ayn Rand. Her novel Eye for an Eye was the basis for a major motion picture of the same name. She also co-authored two nonfiction books with her husband, professor of law Henry Mark "Hank" Holzer.

Eye for an Eye (1996 film)
Eye for an Eye is a 1996 American psychological thriller film, directed by John Schlesinger and written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Sally Field, Kiefer Sutherland, Ed Harris, Beverly D'Angelo, Joe Mantegna and Cynthia Rothrock. The story was adapted from Erika Holzer's novel of the same name. Eye for an Eye was released by Paramount Pictures on January 12, 1996. The film received mostly negative reviews from critics and grossed $26.9 million against a $20 million budget.
Literary and Debating Society (University of Galway)
The Literary & Debating Society is a student society at the University of Galway. It was founded as the Literary and Scientific Society in 1846, and incorporated into the then Queen's College, Galway, in 1852. It has as its objective "the promotion of oratory among the students of the University, and the faculty of clear thinking and sound reasoning upon matters which may be deemed to be of vital importance".

University of Galway
The University of Galway (Irish: Ollscoil na Gaillimhe) is a public research university located in the city of Galway, Ireland. The university was founded in 1845 as Queen's College, Galway. It was known as "University College, Galway" (UCG) (Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile, Gaillimh) from 1908 to 1997 and as "National University of Ireland Galway" (NUI Galway) (Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh; OÉ Gaillimh) from 1997 to 2022. In September 2022, it changed its name to "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway". It is also a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of 42 long-established European universities.
Series-parallel partial order
In order-theoretic mathematics, a series-parallel partial order is a partially ordered set built up from smaller series-parallel partial orders by two simple composition operations.

The series-parallel partial orders may be characterized as the N-free finite partial orders; they have order dimension at most two. They include weak orders and the reachability relationship in directed trees and directed series–parallel graphs. The comparability graphs of series-parallel partial orders are cographs.

Series-parallel partial orders have been applied in job shop scheduling, machine learning of event sequencing in time series data, transmission sequencing of multimedia data, and throughput maximization in dataflow programming.

Series-parallel partial orders have also been called multitrees; however, that name is ambiguous: multitrees also refer to partial orders with no four-element diamond suborder and to other structures formed from multiple trees.

Order dimension
In mathematics, the dimension of a partially ordered set (poset) is the smallest number of total orders the intersection of which gives rise to the partial order.
This concept is also sometimes called the order dimension or the Dushnik–Miller dimension of the partial order.
Dushnik & Miller (1941) first studied order dimension; for a more detailed treatment of this subject than provided here, see Trotter (1992).
William Henry Vanderbilt III
William Henry Vanderbilt III  (November 24, 1901 – April 14, 1981) was an American politician who served as Governor of Rhode Island from 1939 to 1941, and a member of the wealthy and socially prominent Vanderbilt family.

Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Sr. (October 20, 1877 – May 7, 1915) was an American businessman and member of the Vanderbilt family.  A sportsman, he participated in and pioneered a number of related endeavors.  He died in the sinking of the RMS Lusitania.
Mendicant
A mendicant (from Latin: mendicans, "begging") is one who practices mendicancy, relying chiefly or exclusively on alms to survive. In principle, mendicant religious orders own little property, either individually or collectively, and in many instances members have taken a vow of poverty, in order that all their time and energy could be expended on practicing their respective faith, preaching and serving society.

Mendicancy is a form of asceticism, especially in Western Christianity. In Eastern Christianity, some ascetics are referred to as Fools for Christ, whereby they spurn the convention of society in pursuit of living a more wholly Christian life.

Mendicant orders
Mendicant orders are primarily certain Catholic religious orders that have vowed for their male members a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelization, and ministry, especially to less wealthy individuals. At their foundation these orders rejected the previously established monastic model, which prescribed living in one stable, isolated community where members worked at a trade and owned property in common, including land, buildings and other wealth. By contrast, the mendicants avoided owning property, did not work at a trade, and embraced a poor, often itinerant lifestyle. They depended for their survival on the goodwill of the people to whom they preached. The members of these orders are not called monks but friars.

The term "mendicant" is also used with reference to some non-Christian religions to denote holy persons committed to an ascetic lifestyle, which may include members of religious orders and individual holy persons.
Pedro Pascual Farfán
Pedro Pascual Francisco Farfán de los Godos (October 23, 1870 – September 17, 1945) was a Peruvian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the 28th Archbishop of Lima from 1933 to his death in 1945. Additionally, he also served as Bishop of Cuzco from 1918 to 1933.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco
13°30′59″S 71°58′41″W﻿ / ﻿13.516276°S 71.977926°W﻿ / -13.516276; -71.977926

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco (Latin: Cuschen(sis)) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese with see in the city and old Inca imperial capital of Cusco, in Peru.

Its Cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin. It also has a Marian Minor basilica: Basílica Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes.
Atheist Alliance International
Atheist Alliance International (AAI) is a non-profit advocacy organization committed to raising awareness and educating the public about atheism. The group supports atheist and freethought organizations around the world through promoting local campaigns, raising awareness of related issues, sponsoring secular education projects, and facilitating interaction among secular groups and individuals.

SecularHelp
SecularHelp is a non-profit organization committed to evidence-based compassion, critical thinking, inclusivity, and ethical action. Centered on empowering people to find purpose and meaning in life while fostering secular practices and supporting secular groups and individuals with values based on secular humanism.
Disney Theatrical Productions
Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of Disney Entertainment, a major division and business unit of The Walt Disney Company.

Founded in 1993 by longtime Disney Entertainment veteran Ron Logan as Walt Disney Theatrical, the division has gained a reputation within the industry for creating several professional and popular (both critically and financially) performances, starting with Beauty and the Beast on April 18, 1994. Its 1994 investment in taking over the New Amsterdam Theatre spurred a revitalization of Broadway theatre. The company is a division of Disney Theatrical Group, led by Anne Quart, Executive Producer and Andrew Flatt, Managing Director.

Disney Theatrical Group
Buena Vista Theatrical Group Ltd., doing business as the Disney Theatrical Group, is the live show, stageplay and musical production arm of The Walt Disney Company. The company is led by Thomas Schumacher, Anne Quart, and Andrew Flatt, and is a division of Walt Disney Studios, forming a part of Disney Entertainment, one of the three major business segments of The Walt Disney Company.
Engel identity
The Engel identity, named after Friedrich Engel, is a mathematical equation that is satisfied by all elements of a Lie ring, in the case of an Engel Lie ring, or by all the elements of a group, in the case of an Engel group. The Engel identity is the defining condition of an Engel group.

Engel group
In mathematics, an element x of a Lie group or a Lie algebra is called an n-Engel element, named after Friedrich Engel, if it satisfies the n-Engel condition that the repeated commutator [...[[x,y],y], ..., y] with n copies of y is trivial (where [x, y] means xyx−1y−1 or the Lie bracket).  It is called an Engel element if it satisfies the Engel condition that it is n-Engel for some n.

A Lie group or Lie algebra is said to satisfy the Engel or n-Engel conditions if every element does. Such groups or algebras are called Engel groups,  n-Engel groups, Engel algebras,  and n-Engel algebras.

Every nilpotent group or Lie algebra is Engel. Engel's theorem states that every finite-dimensional Engel algebra is nilpotent. (Cohn 1955) gave  examples of non-nilpotent Engel groups and algebras.
U&Gold
U&Gold is a British premium television channel from the UKTV network that was launched in November 1992 as UK Gold before it was rebranded UKTV Gold in 2004. In 2008, it was split into flagship channel Gold and miscellaneous channel, Watch (later U&W), with classic comedy based programming airing on Gold, non-crime drama and entertainment programming airing on Watch (later U&W), and quiz shows and more high-brow comedy airing on Dave (later U&Dave). In 2024, Gold was rebranded as U&Gold. It shows repeats of classic programming from the BBC, ITV and other broadcasters. Every December, from 2015 until 2018, the channel was temporarily renamed Christmas Gold. This has since been discontinued, although the channel still continues to broadcast Christmas comedy.

HGTV (UK & Ireland)
HGTV (formerly Home) was a British free-to-air interior home and garden-orientated lifestyle television channel broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Ireland, owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The channel originally launched on 1 November 1997 as UK Style, and then was rebranded Home on 30 April 2009, and was rebranded to its final form on 21 January 2020. HGTV was broadcast 24 hours a day on Sky.

UK Style was transmitted by terrestrial provider ITV Digital 24 hours a day until the company's collapse in 2002. After a slight rebrand to UKTV Style, the channel returned to terrestrial television for a time in the mid-2000s as part of the now-defunct Top Up TV system. Before 2016, Home was a pay channel. Home became available as a free-to-air linear service on Freeview from 1 March 2016.

The channel closed on 13 January 2026, with its programming moved to Really and its channel slot on Freeview replaced by a new generalist version of TLC.
Bahrain national football team
The Bahrain national football team (Arabic: منتخب الْبَحرَيْن لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Bahrain in international football and is controlled by the Bahrain Football Association, which was founded in 1951. The country is affiliated with FIFA since 1968 and has been a member of the AFC since 1957. They have never reached the FIFA World Cup.

Bahrain won the FIFA's most improved team award in 2004, and finished fourth at the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, beating Uzbekistan in the quarter-finals but losing to Japan in the semi-finals 4–3. Bahrain then lost to Iran in the third-place match, thus finishing in fourth place overall. Bahrain had a golden year in 2019, winning both the WAFF Championship and the Arabian Gulf Cup for the first time, under the stewardship of Hélio Sousa. On 4 January 2025, Bahrain won the 26th Arabian Gulf Cup, defeating Oman 2–1.

Uzbekistan national football team
The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995. They qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2026.
Tauricornicaris
Tauricornicaris is an extinct genus of giant arthropod known from the Cambrian Maotianshan Shales of China. The known fossils were initially interpreted as the head sclerites and swimming flaps of a hurdiid radiodont, but are now interpreted as arthropod tergites. It somewhat resembles Zhenghecaris, which led to the reassignment of the latter within Hurdiidae. However, as Tauricornicaris is no longer classified as a hurdiid, the placement of Zhenghecaris is uncertain.

Hurdiidae
Hurdiidae (synonymous with the previously named Peytoiidae) is an extinct cosmopolitan family of radiodonts, a group of stem-group marine arthropods, which lived during the Paleozoic Era. It is the most long-lived radiodont clade, lasting from the Cambrian period to the Devonian period.
Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship
The Nor.Ca. Women's Handball Championship is a competition for women's national handball teams in North America and the Caribbean. In addition to crowning the Nor.Ca. champions, the tournament also served as a qualifying tournament for the Pan American Handball Championship. Starting from the 2019 edition, the tournament is a qualifying event for the IHF World Women's Handball Championship.

Pan American Women's Handball Championship
The Pan American Women's Handball Championship was the biennial official competition for senior national handball teams of North, Center, Caribbean and South America. It was organized by the Pan-American Team Handball Federation. In addition to crowning the Pan-American champions, the tournament served as a qualifying tournament for the IHF World Women's Handball Championship. In 2018, the PATHF was folded and the tournament was replaced with the North American & Caribbean and South and Central American Women's Handball Championships.
Dr. Strange (1978 film)
Dr. Strange is a 1978 American superhero television film based on the Marvel Comics fictional character of the same name, co-created by Steve Ditko and Stan Lee. Philip DeGuere directed the film and wrote it specifically for television, and produced the film along with Alex Beaton and Gregory Hoblit. Stan Lee served as a consultant on the film, which was created as a pilot for a proposed television series. Dr. Strange stars Peter Hooten in the title role, along with Jessica Walter, Eddie Benton, Clyde Kusatsu, Philip Sterling, and John Mills. The film aired on September 6, 1978, in a two-hour block from 8pm to 10pm on CBS, the same network that, at that time, aired The Amazing Spider-Man and The Incredible Hulk; CBS did not pick up Dr. Strange as a series.

The Amazing Spider-Man (TV series)
The Amazing Spider-Man (known simply as Spider-Man for the second season) is an American superhero television series based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. It is the second live-action television series appearance of a Marvel character. Spidey Super Stories aired three years earlier on The Electric Company. It was shown on CBS in the United States from September 14, 1977 to July 6, 1979. Though it was a considerable ratings success, the CBS series was cancelled after just 13 episodes, which included a pilot film airing in autumn of 1977. Despite its storylines being set in New York City (the character's hometown), the series was mostly filmed in Los Angeles.
Weighted voting
Weighted voting are voting rules that grant some voters a greater influence than others (which contrasts with rules that assign every voter an equal vote). Such can be produced by some voters having more votes than others, as happens in plural voting, or by group of fewer voters having the same representation as a larger group of voters. It may be intentional or an unhappy byproduct of the chosen electoral system.

Examples include publicly-traded companies (which typically grant stockholders one vote for each share they own), and qualified majority in the European Council, where the number of votes of each member state is roughly proportional to the square root of the population, which allows an uneven ratio of voters to members.

Apportionment in the European Parliament
The apportionment of seats within the European Parliament to each member state of the European Union is set out by the EU treaties. According to European Union treaties, the distribution of seats is "degressively proportional" to the population of the member states, with negotiations and agreements between member states playing a role. Thus the allocation of seats is not strictly proportional to the size of a state's population, nor does it reflect any other automatically triggered or fixed mathematical formula. The process can be compared to the composition of the electoral college used to elect the President of the United States of America in that, pro rata, the smaller state received more places in the electoral college than the more populous states.

After the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU in 2020, the number of MEPs, including the president, dropped to 705 but since the 2024 election, it increased to 720. The maximum number allowed by the Lisbon Treaty is 751.
Dawid Kurminowski
Dawid Kurminowski (born 24 February 1999) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ekstraklasa club Lechia Gdańsk.

In the 2020–21 season, he became the top scorer of Slovak Super Liga with 19 goals.

2020–21 Slovak First Football League
The 2020–21 Slovak First Football League (known as the Slovak Fortuna liga for sponsorship reasons) was the 28th season of first-tier football league in Slovakia since its establishment in 1993.

Slovan Bratislava were the defending champions for the second successive year, after picking up the domestic double in the previous season. Slovan successfully defended their title, winning their third consecutive title and record-extending 11th Slovak title overall.

In this season, teams were allowed to make five substitutions during matches in a maximum of three stoppages in play for one team.