hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau
Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau (lit. 'Industrial Association for Vehicle Construction'), usually abbreviated as IFA, was a conglomerate and a union of companies for vehicle construction in the former East Germany.

IFA produced bicycles, motorcycles, light commercial vehicles, automobiles, tractors, vans and heavy trucks. All East German vehicle manufacturers were part of the IFA, including Barkas, EMW (which made Wartburg cars), IWL, MZ, Multicar, Robur, Sachsenring (which made Trabant cars) and Simson.

Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde
Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde is an automotive factory in Ludwigsfelde in Brandenburg, just south of Berlin in Germany. The factory is part of Daimler AG and since 1991 it has made Mercedes-Benz vans. It is also the producer of the Multicar line of vehicles.
Trader Joe's
Trader Joe's Company is an American grocery store chain headquartered in Monrovia, California, with 631 locations across the United States as of January 15, 2026.

The first Trader Joe's store was opened in 1967 by founder Joe Coulombe in Pasadena, California. Theo Albrecht, the co-founder of Aldi, bought the chain in 1979. Today, its ownership is structured so Aldi Nord is a sister company, with both directly belonging to three foundations (Markus-Stiftung, Jacobus-Stiftung and Lukas-Stiftung) of the Albrecht family. The company has offices in Monrovia and Boston, Massachusetts.

Aldi
Aldi (German pronunciation: [ˈaldiː] ⓘ, stylized in all caps) is the common company brand name of two German multinational family-owned discount supermarket chains operating over 13,500 stores in 18 countries. The chain was founded by brothers Karl and Theo Albrecht in 1946, when they took over their mother's store in Essen. The business was split into two separate groups in 1960 that later became Aldi Nord (initially Northern West Germany), headquartered in Essen, and Aldi Süd (initially Southern West Germany), headquartered in neighbouring Mülheim.

In 1962, they introduced the name Aldi (a syllabic abbreviation for "Albrecht Diskont"). In Germany, Aldi Nord and Aldi Süd have been financially and legally separate since 1966, although both divisions' names may appear as if they were a single enterprise with certain store brands or when negotiating with contractor companies.

Aldi is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Lidl in several markets.
Helena Asanina Kantakouzene
Helena Asanina Kantakouzene (died after 1394) was regent of the Lordship of Salona in Frankish Greece from 1382 until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1394 on behalf of her daughter Maria Fadrique.

Maria Fadrique
Maria Fadrique (1370 - c. 1394) was the Lady regnant of Salona in Frankish Greece from 1382 until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1394 under the regency of her mother, Helena Asanina Kantakouzene.
Zhang Jiuling
Zhang Jiuling (simplified Chinese: 张九龄; traditional Chinese: 張九齡; pinyin: Zhāng Jiǔlíng; Wade–Giles: Chang1 Chiu3-ling2; Jyutping: Zoeng1 Gau2 Ling4) (678 or 673 – 5 June 740), courtesy name Zishou (子壽), nickname Bowu (博物), formally Count Wenxian of Shixing (始興文獻伯), was a Chinese poet and politician of the Tang dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong.

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ([ɕwǎn.tsʊ́ŋ]; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion.
Sulfite process
The sulfite process produces wood pulp that is almost pure cellulose fibers by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions.  These chemicals cleave the bonds between the cellulose and lignin components of the lignocellulose.  A variety of sulfite/bisulfite salts are used, including  sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and ammonium (NH4+).  The lignin is converted to lignosulfonates, which are soluble and can be separated from the cellulose fibers.  For the production of cellulose, the sulfite process competes with the Kraft process which produces stronger fibers and is less environmentally costly.

Kraft process
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na2S), known as white liquor, that breaks the bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose.  The technology entails several steps, both mechanical and chemical.  It is the dominant method for producing paper.  In some situations, the process has been controversial because kraft plants can release odorous products and in some situations produce substantial liquid wastes.

The process name is derived from the German word Kraft, meaning 'strength' in this context, due to the strength of the kraft paper produced using this process.
Pan de coco
Pan de coco, literally "coconut bread" in Spanish, is a Filipino rich sweet roll that uses sweetened shredded coconut meat (bukayo) as filling.

It is one of the most popular types of bread in the Philippines, usually part of the "Filipino bread basket" with the Filipino "spanish bread" and pan de sal, commonly served for breakfast or merienda.

Pandesal
Pandesal, also written as pan de sal or pandisal (Spanish: pan de sal, lit. "bread of salt"), is a staple bread roll in the Philippines commonly eaten for breakfast. It is made of flour, yeast, sugar, oil, and salt.
Queen Janggyeong (Goryeo)
Queen Janggyeong (Korean: 장경왕후 김씨; Hanja: 莊敬王后 金氏; 1129 – ?) of the Gangneung Kim clan, or also posthumously known as Queen Gyeongsun (경순왕후; 景順王后), was a Goryeo royal family member. Because members of the same clan couldn't get married, she became the 12th reigned Goryeo queen who followed her maternal clan after Queen Gyeonghwa, and the eldest among Marchioness Daeryeong, Queen Uijeong, and Queen Seonjeong.

Queen Seonjeong (Sinjong)
Queen Seonjeong of the Kim clan (Korean: 선정왕후 김씨; Hanja: 宣靖王后 金氏; d. 17 August 1222), also known as Queen Mother Seonjeong (선정태후; 宣靖太后) or Queen Mother Jeongseon (정선태후; 靖宣太后) was a member of the Goryeo royal family. Born as the youngest daughter of Duke Gangneung, a grandson of King Munjong, she became a queen consort through her marriage with her second half cousin once removed, King Sinjong. Her son, King Huijong became king after her husband's abdication. She was one of several Goryeo queens to take their mother's clan name over their father's and eventually became an ancestor of Gongyang. She was the youngest among Queen Janggyeong, Marchioness Daeryeong and Queen Uijeong.
GWR 4073 Class 4079 Pendennis Castle
GWR 4073 "Castle" Class No. 4079 Pendennis Castle is a 4-6-0 steam locomotive built in 1924 for the Great Western Railway (GWR) at Swindon Works to a design of Charles Collett. It was employed on long-distance express passenger trains on the GWR and its successor, British Railways' Western Region.

Pendennis Castle gained initial notoriety in 1925, when it outperformed rival engines during trials on the London and North Eastern Railway. It was bought for preservation in 1964 after covering 1.75 million miles in revenue earning service. In 1977, it was sold to Hamersley Iron, based in Western Australia, where it was shipped in the following year and operated until 1994. Upon returning to England in 2000, the engine awaited restoration at Didcot Railway Centre, its new base, which took volunteers 16 years to complete. In August 2021, Pendennis Castle returned to steam for the first time in 27 years, and will run on heritage railways across Britain.

GWR 4073 Class
The 4073 or Castle Class are 4-6-0 type steam locomotives of the Great Western Railway, built between 1923 and 1950. They were designed by the railway's Chief Mechanical Engineer, Charles Collett, for working the company's express passenger trains. They could reach speeds of up to 100 mph (160 km/h).
Arlington Boulevard
Arlington Boulevard is a major arterial road in Arlington County, Fairfax County, and the independent City of Fairfax in Northern Virginia in metropolitan Washington, DC, United States.  It is designated U.S. Route 50 (US 50) for its entire length and is part of the National Highway System.

Arlington Boulevard serves to bisect Arlington County into its northern and southern sections in popular parlance and for designation of street directional affixes according to the county's street-naming system.

U.S. Route 50 in Virginia
U.S. Route 50 (US 50) is a transcontinental highway which stretches from Ocean City, Maryland to West Sacramento, California. In the U.S. state of Virginia, US 50 extends 86 miles (138 km) from the border with Washington, D.C. at a Potomac River crossing at Rosslyn in Arlington County to the West Virginia state line near Gore in Frederick County.
William Marshall (British Army officer, born 1865)
Lieutenant-General Sir William Raine Marshall GCMG KCB KCSI (29 October 1865 – 29 May 1939) was a British Army officer who in November 1917 succeeded Sir Stanley Maude (upon the latter's death from cholera) as commander-in-chief of the British forces in Mesopotamia. He kept that position until the end of the First World War.

Stanley Maude
Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Stanley Maude KCB CMG DSO (24 June 1864 – 18 November 1917) was a British Army officer. He is known for his operations in the Mesopotamian campaign during the First World War and for conquering Baghdad in 1917.
Kyffhäuser Monument
The Kyffhäuser Monument (German: Kyffhäuserdenkmal), also known as Barbarossa Monument (Barbarossadenkmal), is an Emperor William monument in the Kyffhäuser mountain range in the German state of Thuringia. It was erected from 1890 to 1896 atop the ruins of the medieval Kyffhausen Castle near Bad Frankenhausen.

Designed by architect Bruno Schmitz (1858–1916), it is the third-largest monument in Germany. Schmitz has also designed the two largest memorials, the Monument to the Battle of the Nations, that commemorates the 1813 Battle of Leipzig and the Emperor William Monument at the Porta Westfalica.

Kyffhausen Castle
The Imperial Castle of Kyffhausen (German: Reichsburg Kyffhausen) is a medieval castle ruin, situated in the Kyffhäuser hills in the German state of Thuringia, close to its border with Saxony-Anhalt. Probably founded about 1000, it superseded the nearby imperial palace (Kaiserpfalz) of Tilleda under the rule of the Hohenstaufen emperors during the 12th and 13th centuries. Together with the Kyffhäuser Monument, erected on the castle grounds between 1890 and 1896, it is today a popular tourist destination. The castle is variously known in English as Kyffhausen Castle, Kyffhauser Castle,  Kyffhäuser Castle, and Kyffhaueser Castle.
Central Freeway
The Central Freeway is a roughly one-mile (1.5 km) elevated freeway in San Francisco, California, United States, connecting the Bayshore/James Lick Freeway (US 101 and I-80) with the Hayes Valley neighborhood. Most of the freeway is part of US 101, which exits at Mission Street on the way to the Golden Gate Bridge. The freeway once extended north to Turk Street, and initially formed part of a loop around downtown (along with the Embarcadero Freeway), but was damaged along with the Embarcadero in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; both highways have since been replaced with the surface-level Octavia Boulevard (north of Market Street) and Embarcadero, respectively.

Bayshore Freeway
The Bayshore Freeway is a part of U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. It runs along the west shore of the San Francisco Bay, connecting San Jose with San Francisco. Within the city of San Francisco, the freeway is also known as James Lick Freeway, named after the California philanthropist. The road was originally built as a surface road, the Bayshore Highway, and later upgraded to freeway standards. Before 1964, it was mostly marked as U.S. Route 101 Bypass, with US 101 using the present State Route 82 (El Camino Real).
Jementah Civil War
The Jementah Civil War broke out in 1879 in Jementah in northern Johor when Tengku Alam Shah, the heir of late Sultan Ali of the autonomous principality of Muar refused to surrender the principality to the central administration of Abu Bakar, the then Maharaja of Johor.

The aftermath of the conflict led to the consolidation of Johor's rules over Muar territory again and the opening of Muar town by Sultan Abu Bakar as the first sultan of modern Johor.

Ali Iskandar of Johor
Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah I ibni almarhum Sultan Ahmad Hussein Muazzam Shah I (Malay: سلطان علي اسکندر شاه اول ابن المرحوم سلطان احمد حسين معظم شاه اول) was the 20th Sultan of Johor, who succeeded his father, Sultan Hussein Shah after the latter died of natural causes in 1835. Over the next twenty years, Sultan Ali's claim to being the Sultan of Johor was only recognised by some merchants and a few Malays. Like his father, Sultan Ali was a puppet monarch and played a minimal role in the administrative affairs of the state, which came under the charge of the Temenggong and the British. In 1855, Sultan Ali ceded the sovereignty rights of Johor (except Kesang in Muar) to Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim, in exchange for formal recognition as the "Sultan of Johor" by the British and a monthly allowance. Following the secession of Johor, Sultan Ali was granted administrative charge over Muar until his death in 1877, and in most administrative matters, was often styled as the "Sultan of Muar".
Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport
Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Tuxtla Gutiérrez), officially known as Aeropuerto Internacional Ángel Albino Corzo (Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport) (IATA: TGZ, ICAO: MMTG), is an international airport situated in the municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It serves air traffic for Tuxtla Gutiérrez and a significant part of the State of Chiapas, including San Cristóbal de las Casas and Comitán.

The airport is operated by Grupo Aeroportuario de Chiapas, a government-owned corporation. It replaced the Francisco Sarabia National Airport, which is now exclusively used for military purposes. According to official statistics from the Civil Aviation Federal Agency (AFAC), the airport handled 1,708,535 passengers in 2025, an 1.58% increase from previous year.

Tuxtla Gutiérrez Air Force Base
Tuxtla Gutiérrez Air Force Base (Spanish: Base Aérea Militar Tuxtla Gutiérrez) (B.A.M. 6); officially Base Aérea Militar No. 6 General Aviador Ángel Hipólito Corzo Molina (Air Force Base No. 6 General Aviator Ángel Hipólito Corzo Molina), formerly known as Francisco Sarabia National Airport or Terán Airport (IATA: TGZ, ICAO: MMTG), is a military airport located in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. It formerly served as the main airport for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. However, the airport no longer provides scheduled passenger public services and is currently used exclusively for military purposes. The nearest airport serving commercial flights is Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport which opened in 2006 and replaced the former airport.
South Australian borders
26°S 129°E﻿ / ﻿26°S 129°E﻿ / -26; 129

Today South Australia's land borders are defined to the west by the 129° east longitude (129° east) with Western Australia, to the north by the 26th parallel south latitude (26° south) with the Northern Territory and Queensland and to the east by 141° east longitude (141° east) with Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria; however, this is not where all borders are actually marked on the ground.

The South Australian boundaries are shared with the Western Australian border, the Northern Territory border, the Queensland borders, the New South Wales border and the Victorian border—that is, all states and territories except for the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania.

Western Australian borders
The land border of Western Australia (WA) bisects mainland Australia nominally along the 129th meridian east longitude (129° east). That land border divides WA from the Northern Territory (NT) and South Australia (SA).  The actual border (as surveyed and marked or otherwise indicated on the ground)  deviates from 129° east and is not a single straight line.

The Western Australian town closest to the border is Kununurra, which lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the border with the NT. The settlement outside WA that is closest to the border is Border Village, SA, which adjoins the border; the centre of Border Village is about 250 metres (820 ft) from the border, on the Eyre Highway.
Postpartum confinement
Postpartum confinement is a traditional practice following childbirth. Those who follow these customs typically begin immediately after the birth, and the seclusion or special treatment lasts for a culturally variable length: typically for one month or 30 days, 26 days, up to 40 days, two months, or 100 days. This postnatal recuperation can include care practices in regards of "traditional health beliefs, taboos, rituals, and proscriptions." The practice used to be known as "lying-in", which, as the term suggests, centres on bed rest. In some cultures, it may be connected to taboos concerning impurity after childbirth.

Postpartum care
Postpartum care or postnatal care is a service provided to individuals in the postpartum period, to help with postpartum recuperation and restoration. Additionally, the service aids in the transition to parenthood while also mitigating any health risks. In the United States, about two‑thirds of pregnancy‑related deaths occur during the postpartum period, most of which are considered preventable; barriers such as fragmented care and lapses in insurance coverage contribute to these risks.
Japan National Route 7
National Route 7 (国道7号, Kokudō Nana-gō) is a major north-south national highway on the Sea of Japan side of the island of Honshū, Japan. It traverses four prefectures, with Niigata at its southern end, then Yamagata, Akita, and finally, Aomori at its northern end. The 471.8-kilometer (293.2 mi) long highway begins at an intersection with national routes 8, 17, 113, 116, 289, 350, and 402 in the capital of Niigata, Niigata. Travelling north, the highway links the prefectural capitals Akita and Aomori. In central Aomori the highway ends at the northern terminus of National Route 4 and National Route 45.

Japan National Route 45
National Route 45 (国道45号, Kokudō Shijūgogō) is a national highway of Japan connecting Aoba-ku, Sendai and Aomori, Aomori. Alongside Japan National Route 6, it is a main route along the Pacific coast of eastern Japan. It is paralleled closely by the incomplete Sanriku Expressway between Sendai and Hachinohe.
Jim Graner
James R. Graner (February 21, 1919 – January 15, 1976) was the weeknight sports anchor for Cleveland NBC affiliate KYW-TV (later WKYC) beginning in 1957. He also served as color commentator for the Cleveland Browns Radio Network, most notably alongside Cleveland sportscaster Gib Shanley.

Graner had operated in both capacities for nearly twenty years when brain cancer took his life in 1976.

Gib Shanley
Gib Shanley (August 6, 1931 – April 6, 2008) was an American sportscaster, most prominently known as sports director for ABC affiliate WEWS-TV, Channel 5 in Cleveland, Ohio, and as the longtime play-by-play announcer for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).
Randers FC
Randers FC (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑnɐs]) is a professional football club based in Randers, East Jutland, that plays in the Danish Superliga, the top flight of the Danish football league system. Founded on 1 January 2003, the club builds upon the license of Randers Freja, a former three-time Danish Cup winning team. As of 2022 the club had won the Danish Cup twice in its history. Randers plays its matches at the 10,300-capacity Cepheus Park Randers.

Randers Stadium
Randers Stadium (Danish: Randers Stadion), known as Cepheus Park Randers for sponsorship reasons (formerly BioNutria Park Randers, Essex Park Randers and AutoC Park Randers) is a football stadium, located in Randers, Denmark. It is the home ground of Randers FC.
Ayako Hamada
Ayako Valentina Hamada Villarreal (アヤコ・バレンティナ・ハマダ・ビジャレアル, Ayako Barentina Hamada Bijarearu; ring name: 浜田 文子; born February 14, 1981) is a Mexican Japanese professional wrestler. During her 20-year career, Hamada wrestled for various promotions, including All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling, Gaea Japan and Pro Wrestling Wave in Japan, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide in Mexico and Shimmer Women Athletes and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in the United States. She is the daughter of Japanese professional wrestler Gran Hamada and the younger sister of fellow Mexican wrestler Xóchitl Hamada.

Hamada has won several titles in women's pro wrestling, including the WWWA World Single Championship and the AAAW Single Championship during the early 2000s and the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship two times during her time with TNA. She is also a former AAA Reina de Reinas Champion.

Xóchitl Hamada
Xóchitl Guadalupe Hamada Villarreal (ソーチル・グアダルーペ・ハマダ・ビジャレアル, Sōchiru Guadarūpe Hamada Bijarearu; ring name: ソチ浜田, Sochi Hamada; born May 1, 1970) is a Japanese Mexican semi-retired Luchadora or  professional wrestler. She is the daughter of Japanese professional wrestler Gran Hamada, the sister of wrestler Ayako Hamada and the sister-in-law of Tiger Mask IV. Hamada was once married to Mexican wrestler Silver King and is currently married to Mexican wrestler Pentagon Black. Hamada has worked for most of her professional wrestling career in Mexico, making occasional appearances in her father's home country of Japan. Xóchitl Hamada has worked for Mexico's two largest wrestling companies, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). She has held the CMLL World Women's Championship and was the first AAA Reina de Reinas (Spanish for "Queen of Queens").
Subshift of finite type
In mathematics, subshifts of finite type are shift spaces defined by a finite set of forbidden words. They are used to model dynamical systems, and in particular are objects of study in symbolic dynamics and ergodic theory. They also describe the set of all possible sequences executed by a finite-state machine. The most widely studied shift spaces are the subshifts of finite type.

Shift space
In symbolic dynamics and related branches of mathematics, a shift space or subshift is a set of infinite words that represent the evolution of a discrete system. In fact, shift spaces and symbolic dynamical systems are often considered synonyms. The most widely studied shift spaces are the subshifts of finite type and the sofic shifts.

In the classical framework a shift space is any subset  of , where  is a finite set, which is closed for the Tychonov topology and invariant by translations. More generally one can define a shift space as the closed and translation-invariant subsets of , where  is any non-empty set and  is any monoid.