hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sokoto State
Sokoto Listenⓘ (Hausa: Jihar Sakkwato; Fula: 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮𞥅, Leydi Sokoto) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the extreme northwest of the country. It is bounded by Republic of the Niger to the north and west for 363 km (226 miles), and the states of Zamfara to the east, and Kebbi to the south and west, partly across the Ka River. Its capital and largest city is the city of Sokoto. Sokoto is located near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2022 it has an estimated population of more than 6.3 million.

Being the seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims.

Sokoto (city)
Sokoto
Listenⓘ is a major city located in extreme north-western Nigeria, near the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2006, it had a population of over 427,760. Sokoto is the modern-day capital of Sokoto State and was previously the capital of the north-western states. Modern Sokoto is known for trading sheepskins, cattle hides, leather crafts (a significant export), kola nuts and goatskins.

The historic seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims.
New Talent Singing Awards Vancouver Audition
New Talent Singing Awards Vancouver Audition (Chinese: 新秀歌唱大賽溫哥華選拔賽) or NTSA Vancouver for short, is an annual singing contest organized by Fairchild Television in Vancouver, held every July.  The winner of the contest will represent the city of Vancouver in the NTSA International Finals, usually held in Hong Kong, organized by TVB.

Fairchild TV
Fairchild TV or FTV (新時代電視), is a Canadian Cantonese language exempt specialty channel. It is owned by Fairchild Group, with Hong Kong broadcaster TVB holding a 20% minority stake. Fairchild TV has studios in the Greater Toronto Area (Richmond Hill, Ontario) and Greater Vancouver (inside Aberdeen Centre in Richmond, British Columbia).

The channel's origins can be traced to the Cantonese broadcasting service, Chinavision Canada was rebranded as Fairchild TV in 1993 when Thomas Fung purchased Chinavision.
Juan Valiente
Juan Valiente (1505? – 1553) was an African-Spanish conquistador and encomendero. He participated in the expeditions of Pedro de Alvarado in present-day Guatemala and Peru and Pedro de Valdivia in Chile. Taken into captivity as a slave in Africa, he was transported to Mexico, where he was purchased by a Spaniard named Alonso Valiente, who returned with him to Spain. As a young man, Valiente negotiated a kind of lease, a permission to join a conquistador's expedition for the chance to earn profits and buy his freedom. He was rewarded for his efforts as a conquistador with an encomienda near the city of Concepción, Chile. There he lived until his death at the Battle of Tucapel.

Alonso Valiente
Alonso Valiente (1482? in Medina de las Torres – 1564? in New Spain) was a Spanish conquistador. He was Hernán Cortés' cousin and secretary. He was one of the first governors (Alguacil Mayor) of Mexico City. He was also the first encomendero of Tecamachalco, and he contributed to found Puebla de los Ángeles, where he also served as mayor.
Peter Vallone Sr.
Peter Fortunate Vallone Sr. (born December 13, 1934) is an American politician and attorney from the state of New York. A Democrat, Vallone served on the New York City Council from 1974 to 2001 and served as speaker of the Council from 1990 to 2001. Vallone was the Democratic candidate for governor of New York in 1998, losing the election to Republican incumbent Gov. George Pataki.

Peter Vallone Jr.
Peter Fortunate Vallone Jr. (born March 23, 1961) is an American judge and lawyer.

Vallone was a member of the New York City Council representing the 22nd district, encompassing Astoria, Queens and the surrounding communities, from 2002 to 2013. Vallone served as Chair of the Council's Public Safety Committee.
Velarde, New Mexico
Velarde is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 502 at the time of the 2010 census.  Velarde is located on New Mexico State Road 68, in the Rio Grande Rift, at the point where the road enters the Rio Grande Gorge.

New Mexico State Road 68
New Mexico State Road 68 (NM 68) is a 45.513-mile-long (73.246 km) state highway in northern New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States. NM 68 is known as the "River Road to Taos", as its route follows the Rio Grande. A parallel route to the east is NM 76, which is called the "High Road to Taos".
Varnolmal State
Varnol Mal State (or Varnolmal)  was a minor princely state during the British Raj in what is today Gujarat State India. It was initially administered by the Rewa Kantha Agency and then by the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency It was part of the 26 Princely States making up the Pandu Mehwas, petty states placed under British protection between 1812 and 1825.  The State had a population of 684 and an area of 3.5 sq miles.

Rewa Kantha Agency
Rewa Kantha was a political agency of British India, managing the relations (indirect rule) of the British government's Bombay Presidency with a collection of princely states. It stretched for about 150 miles between the plain of Gujarat and the hills of Malwa, from the Tapti River to the Mahi River crossing the Rewa (or Narmada) River, from which it takes its name.

The political agent, who was also District collector of the prant (British District) of the Panchmahal, resided at Godhra.
New Durham, New Hampshire
New Durham is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,693 at the 2020 census. It is drained by the Merrymeeting, Cocheco and Ela rivers, and is known for Merrymeeting Lake. New Durham is home to the Powder Mill Fish Hatchery, located on Merrymeeting Road. Also located here is the Lions Club's Camp Pride, a camp for children and adults with special needs.

Ela River
The Ela River is a 10.6-mile-long (17.1 km) river in eastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Cochecho River, part of the Piscataqua River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.

The river begins at Coldrain Pond in New Durham, New Hampshire, 4 miles (6 km) east of Lake Winnipesaukee. Flowing south through Club Pond, the river turns southeast and descends to Farmington, where it joins the Cochecho. New Hampshire Route 11 parallels the river for most of its southeasterly course.
1927 Bulgarian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 29 May 1927 to elect members of the XXII Ordinary National Assembly. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Alliance, which ran alongside the restored People's Liberal Party. The coalition won 174 of the 273 seats. Voter turnout was 84.3%.

National Liberal Party (Bulgaria)
The National Liberal Party (Bulgarian: Националлиберална партия, Natsionalliberalna partija, NLP) was a political party in Bulgaria, established on 29 November 1920 by a merger of the Liberal Party (Radoslavists), both factions of the People's Liberal Party and the Young Liberals Party.
Meng Da
Meng Da (pronunciationⓘ; died c. March 228), courtesy name Zidu, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty before defecting to Wei. In Wei, he served under the first two rulers, Cao Pi and Cao Rui. Around late 227, he started a rebellion in Wei and aimed to rejoin the Shu-Han but the revolt was swiftly suppressed by the Wei general Sima Yi. Meng Da was captured and executed for treason.

Liu Zhang (warlord)
Liu Zhang (pronunciationⓘ) (fl. 190–219), courtesy name Jiyu, was a Chinese politician and warlord who served as a provincial governor during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He became the Governor of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing), succeeding his father Liu Yan and ruled the region until 214, when he then surrendered to Liu Bei. Six years later, Liu Zhang again surrendered to Eastern Wu, and died shortly afterwards. Liu Zhang is often considered an incapable leader but is noted to have been the original lord of some of Shu Han's most famous generals and officials such as Fa Zheng, Meng Da, Zhang Ni, Liu Ba, Huang Quan, Wu Yi, Li Yan, Dong He and others.
Claudio J. Schonholz
Claudio J. Schonholz (born 1956 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an interventional radiologist, the first in the United States to perform minimally invasive aortic aneurysm surgery (stent graft procedure) together with Drs. Frank Veith, Juan C. Parodi and Michael L. Marin.

Frank Veith
Frank J. Veith is an American vascular surgeon who serves as Professor of Surgery, New York University Medical Center NY, NY  and Professor of Surgery Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. He was the first vascular surgeon in the United States to perform minimally invasive aortic aneurysm surgery (stent graft procedure) together with Drs. Michael L. Marin, Juan C. Parodi and Claudio J. Schonholz.

Dr. Veith hosts the international VEITHsymposium, one of the largest conferences for vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, interventional cardiologists and other vascular specialists.
Roswell, New Mexico, minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Roswell, New Mexico, in various seasons between 1923 and 1959, before resuming play in 2011. Roswell teams played as members of the Panhandle-Pecos Valley League in 1923, West Texas–New Mexico League in 1937, Longhorn League from 1949 to 1955, Southwestern League in 1956, Sophomore League in 1959 and Pecos League from 2011 to present.  The 1959 Roswell Pirates were a minor league affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates.  Rosewll hosted home games at League Park in 1937 and Fair Park Stadium.

Joe Bauman hit a minor league record 72 home runs playing for the 1954 Roswell Rockets. Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Willie Stargell played for the 1959 Roswell Pirates.

West Texas–New Mexico League
The West Texas–New Mexico League was a minor league baseball league that operated from 1937 through 1955, with a hiatus from 1943 to 1945 during World War II. The league started as a Class D level league, upgraded to Class C in 1946 and then a final advancement to Class B level status in 1955. League franchises were based exclusively in New Mexico and Texas.
Zhou Daguan
Zhou Daguan (Wade–Giles: Chou Ta-kuan; French: Tcheou Ta-Kouan; c. 1270–?) was a Chinese diplomat of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, serving under Temür Khan (Emperor Chengzong of Yuan). He is most well known for his accounts of the customs of Cambodia and the Angkor temple complexes during his visit there. He arrived at Angkor in August 1296, and remained at the court of King Indravarman III until July 1297. He was neither the first nor the last Chinese representative to visit the Khmer Empire. However, his stay is notable because he later wrote a detailed report on life in Angkor, The Customs of Cambodia (Chinese: 真臘風土記; pinyin: Zhenlafengtu Ji) . His portrayal is today one of the most important sources of understanding of historical Angkor and the Khmer Empire. Alongside descriptions of several great Buddhist temples, such as the Bayon, the Baphuon, Angkor Wat, and others, the text also offers valuable information on the everyday life and the habits of the inhabitants of Angkor.

The Customs of Cambodia
The Customs of Cambodia (Chinese: 真臘風土記; pinyin: Zhēnlà Fēngtǔ Jì), also translated as A Record of Zhenla: the Land and Its People, is a book written by the Yuan dynasty Chinese official Zhou Daguan who stayed in Angkor between 1296 and 1297. Zhou's account is of great historical significance because it is the only surviving first person written record of daily life in the Khmer Empire. The only other written information available is from the inscriptions on temple walls.
John Peters (DJ)
John Peters (22 November 1949 – 24 May 2025) was a British disc jockey and long established personality in the East Midlands region. Known for his distinctive voice, he presented shows on many of the region's radio stations, including Radio Trent, GEM-AM, Saga 106.6 FM and 106.6 Smooth Radio, Radio2XS and Gravity FM in Grantham, Lincolnshire.

Peters latterly presented three shows on Boom Radio: a Friday show called The Friday Fandango at 6pm, a Saturday show at 4 pm called John's Jukebox and also The Vintage Charts on Sunday at 12 noon. He also presented The Fifties Chart on sister station Boom Light directly following this at 2 pm.

Classic Gold GEM
Solid Gold GEM AM (later Classic Gold GEM-AM) was an Independent Local Radio station, broadcasting to much of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Rutland and East Staffordshire from studios in Nottingham, and later Dunstable, Bedfordshire.

The station ran as Solid Gold GEM AM until the mid-1990s when it was absorbed into the rest of the Classic Gold network, and was replaced on 3 August 2007 by a new network called simply Gold. The result of the merger of the Classic Gold and Capital Gold networks under one owner, GCap Media. The GEM name has since re-emerged with the launch of the internet station Solid Gold Gem AM in 2012.
Juan Mari Brás
Juan Mari Brás (December 2, 1927 – September 10, 2010) was a Puerto Rican politician who advocated for Puerto Rican independence. He also founded the Puerto Rican Socialist Party. On October 25, 2006, he became the first person to receive a Puerto Rican citizenship certificate from the Puerto Rico State Department. His son, Santiago Mari Pesquera, was assassinated by a suspected far-right activist in 1976. In 2009, documents revealed that the FBI knew of a plot to assassinate Mari Brás but did not share the information with him.

Puerto Rican Socialist Party
The Puerto Rican Socialist Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño, PSPR) was a Marxist and pro-independence political party in Puerto Rico seeking the end of United States of America control on the Hispanic and Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. It proposed a "democratic workers' republic".
Pike Lake (Saskatchewan)
Pike Lake is an oxbow lake of the South Saskatchewan River in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is about 36 kilometres (22 mi) south of downtown Saskatoon in the RM of Vanscoy No. 345, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) west of the South Saskatchewan River. The lake is in the aspen parkland transitional biome between prairie and boreal forest in Palliser's Triangle.

Most of the southern half of Pike Lake is in Pike Lake Provincial Park and access to the lake is from Highways 60 and 766. An  unincorporated rural residential community by the same name, Pike Lake, is located on the western shore at the northern boundary of Pike Lake Provincial Park. The community includes a school and a recreation centre. Trees around the lake include aspen, ash, and birch.

Pike Lake Provincial Park
Pike Lake Provincial Park is a recreational park located approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Established in 1960, it is operated under the Government of Saskatchewan's Ministry of Parks, Culture, and Sport. It is located at the southern terminus of Highway 60 on the shore of Pike Lake, an oxbow lake created by the South Saskatchewan River. The Pike Lake area is part of the aspen parkland biome and trees found around the park include aspen, ash, and birch.

Several small residential subdivisions are located within the park on the west side of the lake and there is an unincorporated rural residential community immediately adjacent to the northern park gates of the park named Pike Lake. The Pike Lake community includes a school and a recreation centre. Other nearby communities include Delisle and Vanscoy.
Diocese of Raleigh
The Diocese of Raleigh (Latin: Dioecesis Raleighiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church that covers eastern North Carolina in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archbishop of Atlanta.

On July 5, 2017, Pope Francis named Luis Rafael Zarama to be the 6th Bishop of Raleigh; Zarama was installed on August 29, 2017, at the recently consecrated Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral in Raleigh.

Diocese of Charleston
The Diocese of Charleston (Latin: Dioecesis Carolopolitana) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for the state of South Carolina in the United States; its territory includes the entire state of South Carolina. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Atlanta. The bishop is Jacques Fabre-Jeune.
Krypton (TV series)
Krypton is an American science fiction television series developed by David S. Goyer for Syfy. Focusing on Seg-El (Cameron Cuffe), the grandfather of DC Comics superhero Kal-El / Superman, the series is set approximately 200 years before the birth of Superman and takes place on the eponymous fictional planet. Krypton premiered on March 21, 2018. Its first season consists of ten episodes. The second season of ten episodes premiered on June 12, 2019. After its broadcast, Syfy canceled the series after two seasons in August.

Superman dynasty
The Superman dynasty, an extension of the House of El, is a lineage of DC Comics superheroes. The term is used for the descendants of Kal-El, the original Superman, who continue to uphold his legacy of heroism for millennia, as depicted in the DC One Million crossover. Repeated references to members of the Superman dynasty, as Superman's "descendants" and at least one reference to them as the "blood of his blood" would seem to indicate that they are, in fact, the biological descendants of Superman in some fashion.
Secure copy protocol
Secure copy protocol (SCP) is a means of securely transferring computer files between a local host and a remote host or between two remote hosts. It is based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. "SCP" commonly refers to both the Secure Copy Protocol and the program itself.

According to OpenSSH developers in April 2019, SCP is outdated, inflexible and not readily fixed; they recommend the use of more modern protocols like SFTP and rsync for file transfer. As of  OpenSSH version 9.0, scp client therefore uses SFTP for file transfers by default instead of the legacy SCP/RCP protocol.

OpenSSH
OpenSSH (also known as OpenBSD Secure Shell) is a suite of secure networking utilities based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, which provides a secure channel over an unsecured network in a client–server architecture.

OpenSSH started as a fork of the free SSH program developed by Tatu Ylönen; later versions of Ylönen's SSH were proprietary software offered by SSH Communications Security. OpenSSH was first released in 1999 and is currently developed as part of the OpenBSD operating system.

OpenSSH is not a single computer program, but rather a suite of programs that serve as alternatives to unencrypted protocols like Telnet and FTP. OpenSSH is integrated into several operating systems, namely Microsoft Windows, macOS and most Linux operating systems, while the portable version is available as a package in other systems.
Kristijan Koren
Kristijan Koren (born 25 November 1986) is a Slovenian former professional road racing cyclist, who rode for UCI Continental team Adria Mobil.

During his racing career, Koren won the Gran Premio Città di Camaiore in 2010, and the Slovenian National Road Race Championships in 2022. He also served a doping suspension between 2019 and 2021, for his involvement in Operation Aderlass, an investigation into the practices of German physician Mark Schmidt.

Operation Aderlass
Operation Aderlass (English: Operation Bloodletting) was an investigation in Austria and Germany into doping practices carried out by Erfurt-based German physician Mark Schmidt. Athletes from various disciplines were named as alleged customers of Schmidt's, receiving illegal blood transfusion for the purpose of enhancing performances, with several of them later confessing. The investigation centred around athletes from cross-country skiing and cycling.

The investigation was sparked following a confession by cross-country skier Johannes Dürr in early 2019, leading to arrests and raids in both Schmidt's Erfurt offices as well as during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2019. Over the following months, prominent athletes such as cyclists Alessandro Petacchi and Danilo Hondo were charged with having used Schmidt's services for the purposes of doping. The investigations concluded with a prison sentence for main defendant Schmidt in January 2021.
Case Medical Centre
Case Medical Centre, also known as Case Hospital, is an urban, private, upscale, tertiary hospital in Kampala, the capital of Uganda and the largest city in that country. It is one of the few upscale private tertiary care hospitals in the city. The other four hospitals are: International Hospital Kampala, Kampala Hospital, Nakasero Hospital, UMC Victoria Hospital Archived 20 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine and Paragon Hospital.

Nakasero Hospital
Nakasero Hospital Limited, commonly referred to as Nakasero Hospital, is a privatefor-profit hospital in Kampala, the capital of Uganda and the largest city in that country. The hospital is one of five private upscale hospitals in the city; the others being International Hospital Kampala in Namuwongo, Paragon Hospital in Bugoloobi, Case Medical Centre in Kampala Central Division and Kampala Hospital in Kololo.
Introduction to Solid State Physics
Introduction to Solid State Physics, known colloquially as Kittel, is a classic condensed matter physics textbook written by American physicist Charles Kittel in 1953. The book has been highly influential and has seen widespread adoption; Marvin L. Cohen remarked in 2019 that Kittel's content choices in the original edition played a large role in defining the field of solid-state physics. It was also the first proper textbook covering this new field of physics. The book is published by John Wiley and Sons and, as of 2018, it is in its ninth edition and has been reprinted many times as well as translated into over a dozen languages, including Chinese, French, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, and Turkish. In some later editions, the eighteenth chapter, titled Nanostructures,  was written by Paul McEuen. Along with its competitor Ashcroft and Mermin, the book is considered a standard textbook in condensed matter physics.

Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.