hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seven Second Summits
The Seven Second Summits are the second-highest mountains of each of the seven continents. All of these mountains are separate peaks rather than a sub-peak of the continents' high point. The Seven Second Summits are considered a harder challenge than the traditional Seven Summits.

Seven Summits
The Seven Summits are the highest mountains on each of the seven traditional continents. On 30 April 1985, Richard Bass became the first climber to reach the summit of all seven.

In January 2023, Climbing said "Today, the Seven Summits are a relatively common—almost cliché—tour of each continent's highest peak", and while reaching the peak of the "Seven Summits" is no longer considered a significant achievement amongst mountaineers, it remains a popular challenge for "adventure mountaineers" using expedition climbing techniques.
Hugh Pollard (intelligence officer)
Major Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard (born London 6 January 1888: died Midhurst district March, 1966) was an author, journalist, adventurer, firearms expert, and a British SOE officer. He is chiefly known for his intelligence work during the Irish War of Independence and for the events of July 1936, when he and Cecil Bebb flew General Francisco Franco from the Canary Islands to Morocco, thereby helping to trigger the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. He served his country in both World Wars and was the author of many published works on weaponry, in particular on sporting firearms.

Cecil Bebb
Captain Cecil William Henry Bebb (27 September 1905 – 29 March 2002) was a British commercial pilot and later airline executive, notable for flying General Francisco Franco from the Canary Islands to Spanish Morocco in 1936, a journey which was to mark the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin
The Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Службу коменданта Московского Кремля) is an administration unit of the Federal Protective Service of Russia. Its duties include inspecting visitors to the Kremlin and providing security to the Kremlin interior and buildings exterior from the Kremlin Wall such as Lenin's Mausoleum. Internally, has authority over the operation of certain Kremlin museums. The Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin is the operational head of the office. It has direct control over the Kremlin Regiment, which notably maintains a permanent honor guard at the eternal flame of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

Kremlin Regiment
The Kremlin Regiment (Russian: Кремлёвский полк, romanized: Kremlyovskiy polk), also called the Presidential Regiment (Russian: Президентский полк, romanized: Prezidentskiy polk), is a unique military regiment and part of the Russian Federal Protective Service with the status of a special unit. The regiment ensures the security of the Kremlin, its treasures, and state officials. In accordance with the federal law of December 8, 1997 "On Immortalizing the Soviet People’s Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945", the regiment also maintains a guard of honor (Russian: Почётный караул) at the eternal flame of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier known as Post No. 1 . The regiment is housed in the historic Kremlin Arsenal.
Næturvaktin
Næturvaktin (transl. The Night Shift) is an Icelandic television series. It is the first in a trilogy, its sequels being Dagvaktin (transl. The Day Shift) and Fangavaktin (transl. The Prison Shift). The series was first shown in 2007 on Stöð 2, on Sundays from 16 September to 9 December. In the same year, the series won an Edda Award for Best TV Series. It was also selected The Most Popular TV Series by a direct audience vote.

A film, Bjarnfreðarson, concluding the trilogy, premièred in December 2009. It was met with wide success in Iceland, beating Avatar at the box office on its opening weekend. It was watched by over 20% of the Icelandic population, a record for an Icelandic film, and was nominated for 11 Edda Awards.

Dagvaktin
Dagvaktin (English: The Day Shift) is a sequel to the Icelandic television series Næturvaktin. It is the second of the three series in the trilogy. The three main characters from Næturvaktin, Georg Bjarnfreðarson (Jón Gnarr), Ólafur Ragnar (Pétur Jóhann Sigfússon) and Daníel (Jörundur Ragnarsson), all return to work at a hotel in the sparsely populated Westfjords (near Reykhólar).

It was first broadcast on Stöð 2 on 21 September 2008, and was subsequently released on DVD.
Trams in Kimberley, Northern Cape
The Kimberley tramway network formed part of the public transport system in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa, for roughly 60 years until the late 1940s.  Operation started with horse-drawn trams, on 21 June 1887.  Mules replaced the horses in the early 1890s.: 8  For a few years starting in 1900 tram sets hauled by steam tram engines were also operated on some lines.  The first day of public service for electric trams was 25 April 1905.: 15  The first electric trams were four single-deck cars purchased from the John Stephenson Car Company, of New York.: 15   More trams were purchased later from the J. G. Brill Company and the United Electric Car Company.

Lines were gradually electrified, but not until 1914 were the last mule trams taken out of use, upon conversion of the Kennilworth route to electric trams.: 18   The last day of service was 30 November 1947, with the closure of the Kennilworth route.: 25

Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.
Cecilia Johansdotter
Cecilia Johansdotter (fl. 1193) is the possible name of the wife of King Knut Eriksson of Sweden and mother of King Erik Knutsson. Little is known about her except that she was of aristocratic origins and died sometime after 1193.

Erik Knutsson
Erik Knutsson (Old Norse: Eiríkr Knútsson; c. 1180 – 10 April 1216), sometimes known as Eric X, was King of Sweden between 1208 and 1216. Also known as Erik the Survivor (Swedish: Erik som överlevde), he was, at his accession to the throne, the only remaining son of King Knut Eriksson and his queen, whose name may have been Cecilia.
Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin
Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin, also known as triple antibiotic ointment, and sold under the brand name Neosporin, among others, is an antibiotic medication used to reduce the risk of infections following minor skin injuries. It contains the three antibiotics neomycin, polymyxin B, and bacitracin. It is for topical use.

Possible side effects include itchiness and skin rash, and in rare cases hearing loss. It is relatively broad spectrum, being effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

The combination is available over the counter in the US and Canada. In 2023, it was the 367th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15,000 prescriptions.

Neomycin
Neomycin, also known as framycetin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against Gram-positive bacilli and anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Neomycin comes in oral and topical formulations, including creams, ointments, and eyedrops. Neomycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds.

Neomycin was discovered in 1949 by microbiologist Selman Waksman and his student Hubert Lechevalier at Rutgers University.  Neomycin received approval for medical use in 1952. Rutgers University was granted the patent for neomycin in 1957.
Midodrine
Midodrine, sold under the brand name Proamatine among others, is an antihypotensive medication used to treat orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure when standing) and urinary incontinence. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects of midodrine include hypertension (high blood pressure), paresthesia, itching (pruritus), goose bumps, chills, urinary urgency, urinary retention, and urinary frequency. Midodrine is a prodrug of its active metabolite desglymidodrine. This metabolite acts as a selective agonist of the α1-adrenergic receptor. This in turn results in vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Midodrine was discovered by 1971 and was introduced for medical use in the United States in 1996.

Desglymidodrine
Desglymidodrine (developmental code name ST-1059) is the active metabolite of the prodrug antihypotensive agent midodrine. It acts as a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist. Desglymidodrine is formed from midodrine via deglycination.
Texas Declaration of Independence
The Texas Declaration of Independence, adopted on March 2, 1836 at the Convention of 1836 in Washington-on-the-Brazos, formally declared Texas's independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution. It was signed by delegates the following day after corrections were made to the text.

Texas Revolution
The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion by Anglo-American immigrants as well as Hispanic Texans (known as Texians and Tejanos respectively) against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. The uprising was part of a larger revolt against the Centralist Republic of Mexico that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Antonio López de Santa Anna. The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas. It was eventually annexed by the United States about a decade later.
Free throw
In basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points by shooting from behind the free-throw line (informally known as the foul line or the charity stripe), a line situated at the end of the restricted area. Free throws are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team, analogous to penalty shots in other team sports. Free throws are also awarded in other situations, including technical fouls, and when the fouling team has entered the bonus/penalty situation (after a team commits a requisite number of fouls, each subsequent foul results in free throws regardless of the type of foul committed). Also, depending on the situation, a player may be awarded between one and three free throws. Each successful free throw is worth one point.

Bonus (basketball)
In the sport of basketball, the bonus situation (also called the penalty situation) occurs when one team accumulates a requisite number of fouls, the number of which varies depending on the level of play. When one team has committed the requisite number of fouls, each subsequent foul results in the opposing team's taking  free throws regardless of the type of foul committed (i.e., whether or not the foul was a shooting foul). Teams under the limit are commonly referred to as having fouls to give, and thus they can try to disrupt their opponents without being penalized free throws. These fouls reset every quarter or half depending on the rules in use (i.e. FIBA, NBA, NCAA, etc.).
Sheriff Country
Sheriff Country is an American police procedural drama television series created by Joan Rater, Tony Phelan, and Max Thieriot for CBS, starring Morena Baccarin in the lead role and also starring Christopher Gorham, Michele Weaver, Matt Lauria, and W. Earl Brown. It is produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television and CBS Studios. Sheriff Country is the first spin-off of the successful series Fire Country. The series premiered on October 17, 2025. In December 2025, the series was renewed for a second season.

Fire Country
Fire Country is an American action drama television series created by Max Thieriot, Tony Phelan and Joan Rater for CBS, starring Thieriot. It is produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television and CBS Studios. The series premiered on October 7, 2022. On January 6, 2023, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on February 16, 2024. In March 2024, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on October 18, 2024. In February 2025, the series was renewed for a fourth season which premiered on October 17, 2025. In January 2026, the series was renewed for a fifth season.
Pseudocucurbitella
Pseudocucurbitella is a genus of freshwater testate amoebae of the order Arcellinida. Its shell is agglutinated, ovoid, with a round crossection and a circular aperture surrounded by 3 to 5 separate lobes forming a short collar.

Originally, it was described as a subgenus of Difflugia in 1960, but was elevated to genus level in 1972. The taxonomic position of Pseudocucurbitella among Arcellinida is uncertain and the genus has been abandoned by recent classifications, but it was initially assigned to the family Difflugiidae.

Arcellinida
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida, Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell).

Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae.
Aletes of Mycenae
In Greek mythology, Aletes (Ancient Greek: Ἀλήτης) was the son of Aegisthus and Clytemnestra, the king and queen of Mycenae. He had two full sisters: Erigone and Helen, as well 4 maternal half-siblings: Clytemnestra's first child, Orestes, Electra, Iphigenia and Chrysotemis.

Orestes
In Greek mythology, Orestes or Orestis (/ɒˈrɛstiːz/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρέστης [oréstɛːs]) was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and the brother of Electra and Iphigenia. He was also known by the patronymic Agamemnonides (Ἀγαμεμνονίδης), meaning "son of Agamemnon." He is the subject of several Ancient Greek plays and of various myths connected with his madness, revenge, and purification, which retain obscure threads of much older works. In particular Orestes plays a main role in Aeschylus' Oresteia.
Swift heavy ion
Swift heavy ions are the components of a type of particle beam with high enough energy that electronic stopping dominates over nuclear stopping.
They are accelerated in particle accelerators to very high energies, typically in the MeV or GeV range and have sufficient energy and mass to penetrate solids on a straight line. In many solids swift heavy ions release sufficient energy to induce permanently modified cylindrical zones, so-called ion tracks. If the irradiation is carried out in an initially crystalline material, ion tracks consist of an amorphous cylinder. Ion tracks can be produced in many amorphizing materials, but not in pure metals, where the high electronic heat conductivity dissipates away the electronic heating before the ion track has time to form.

Ion track
Ion tracks are damage-trails created by swift heavy ions penetrating through solids, which may be sufficiently-contiguous for chemical etching in a variety of crystalline, glassy, and/or polymeric solids. They are associated with cylindrical damage-regions several nanometers in diameter and can be studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) or gas permeation.
First Nations Lacrosse Association
First Nations Lacrosse Association (FNLA; formerly Iroquois Lacrosse Association) is a member of Lacrosse Canada with associations in both Canada and the United States centred in Native American Communities.

In addition to youth associations, the FNLA also sanctions three men's box lacrosse leagues: Can-Am Senior B Lacrosse League, Three Nations Senior Lacrosse League, and First Nations Junior B Lacrosse League.

The FNLA does not oversee the five Haudenosaunee Nationals international teams, the Haudenosaunee men's national lacrosse team, the Haudenosaunee men's national under-19 lacrosse team, the Haudenosaunee women's national lacrosse team, the Haudenosaunee women's national under-19 lacrosse team, and the Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team. These teams are recognized by World Lacrosse for international competition, making them the only indigenous peoples' national teams sanctioned in any sport.

Can-Am Senior B Lacrosse League
The Can-Am Senior B Lacrosse League is a Senior-level box lacrosse league with teams in the Western New York and Central New York regions of New York State and southern Ontario in Canada, mostly on tribal reservations of the Iroquois Confederacy. Sanctioned by the First Nations Lacrosse Association, the champions of the Can-Am league compete for the Presidents Cup, the Canadian National Senior B championship. Can-Am teams have won the Presidents' Cup five times.
Malaysian cultural outfits
Pakaian (Jawi: ڤاکاين) is the term for clothing in Malaysia's national language. It is referring to things to wear such as shirts, pants, shoes etc. Since Malaysia is a multicultural nation: Malay, Chinese, Indian and hundreds of other indigenous groups of Malay Peninsula and Borneo, each has its own traditional and religious articles of clothing all of which are gender-specific and may be adapted to local influences and conditions. Previously, traditional clothes were worn daily. However, by excluding Baju Melayu, Baju Kurung many are now only worn on special occasions such as marriage ceremonies and cultural events.

Baju Kurung
Baju Kurung (Jawi: باجو كوروڠ‎) is a traditional attire of Malays and traditionally worn by women in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and southern Thailand. This type of traditional attire is the national dress of Brunei and Malaysia. In Indonesia, this dress is also worn as a regional attire, commonly observed on the island of Sumatra, particularly by the ethnic Malay and Minangkabau women.
Yitzchak Meir Helfgot
Yitzchak Meir Helfgot (Hebrew: יצחק מאיר הלפגוט, Yiddish: יצחק מאיר העלפגאט) is an American Hasidic cantor, known for his vocal dexterity and range. Like some  operatic tenors he is capable of sustaining long passages in the difficult uppermost tessitura, while also possessing overt technical facility in executing ornate melismas.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
Mankyua
Mankyua is a monotypic genus and fern in the Ophioglossales. Its only species, M. chejuense, grows only on Jeju Island of South Korea.
While this plant is clearly ophioglossoid in the broad sense, its precise cladistic position is uncertain.  It has a fused sporangial structure similar to Ophioglossum, but a vegetative structure, with palmately-radiating pinnae, reminiscent of Helminthostachys.  It may be a basal offshoot of the ophioglossoid clade sensu stricto.

Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossaceae, from Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis), meaning "snake", and γλῶσσα (glôssa), meaning "tongue", also known as the adder's-tongue family, is a small family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only family in the order Ophioglossales, which together with the Psilotales is placed in the subclass Ophioglossidae. The Ophioglossidae are one of the groups traditionally known as eusporangiate ferns. Members of the family differ from other ferns in a number of ways. Many have only a single fleshy leaf at a time. Their gametophytes are subterranean and rely on fungi for energy.
Moonlight (runtime)
Moonlight is a discontinued free and open source implementation for Linux and other Unix-based operating systems of the Microsoft Silverlight application framework, developed and then abandoned by the Mono Project. Like Silverlight, Moonlight was a web application framework which provided capabilities similar to those of Adobe Flash, integrating multimedia, graphics, animations and interactivity into a single runtime environment.

Mono (software)
Mono is a free and open-source software framework that aims to run software made for the .NET Framework on Linux and other OSes. Originally by Ximian which was acquired by Novell, it was later developed by Xamarin which was acquired by Microsoft. In August 2024, Microsoft transferred ownership of Mono to WineHQ.
Arnab Goswami
Arnab Ranjan  Goswami (born 7 March 1973) is an Indian right-wing news anchor and journalist. He is the managing director and editor-in-chief of Republic Media Network, a conservative news organisation oriented towards Hindutva.

Before Republic TV, Goswami was the editor-in-chief and a news anchor of Times Now and ET Now, from 2006 to 2016. Previously, he had also served stints at NDTV and The Telegraph. On Times Now, he anchored The Newshour, a live debate at 9 pm (IST) weekdays, which propelled him to widespread fame. He also hosted a special television programme Frankly Speaking with Arnab. In November 2016, Goswami resigned as editor-in-chief of Times Now. His news channel Republic TV was launched in May 2017.

Republic TV
Republic TV is an Indian right-wing English-language news channel launched in May 2017. It was co-founded by Arnab Goswami and Rajeev Chandrasekhar, before the latter relinquished his stake in May 2019, converting it into an editor controlled company. It has been accused of practicing biased reporting in favour of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP); it has broadcast misinformation and Islamophobic rhetoric on multiple occasions. The channel has been convicted of breaching Telecom Regulatory Authority of India rules.