hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wang Lingmou
Wang Lingmou (Chinese: 王令謀) (died October 10, 937) was a close associate of Xu Zhigao (later known as Li Bian), the regent of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Wu.  As Xu's close associate, Wang served as a chancellor of Wu late in its history, and urged Xu to take over its throne, but died shortly before Xu actually did (founding Southern Tang).

Li Bian
Li Bian (7 January 889 – 30 March 943), courtesy name Zhenglun, known as Xu Gao between 937 and 939 and Xu Zhigao before 937, and possibly Li Pengnu during his childhood, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang, was the founder and first emperor of the Chinese Southern Tang dynasty. In traditional histories, he is also often referred to as the First Lord of Southern Tang (南唐先主). He was an adopted son and successor of the Yang Wu regent Xu Wen who usurped power from the Yang Wu emperor Yang Pu.
CESIS
Comitato Esecutivo per i Servizi di Informazione e Sicurezza (Executive Committee for Intelligence and Security Services) was an Italian government committee whose mission was the coordination of all the intelligence sector, and specifically between the two civilian and military intelligence agencies (respectively, SISDE and SISMI), with the aim to report all the relevant information collected by it to the political Authorities, represented by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers.

With the reform of the Italian Intelligence Services approved on 1 August 2007, CESIS was replaced by DIS.

SISMI
Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare (SISMI; English: Military Intelligence and Security Service, lit. 'Service for the Information of Military Safety') was the military intelligence agency of Italy from 1977 to 2007.

With the reform of the Italian Intelligence Services approved on 1 August 2007, SISMI was replaced by Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Esterna (AISE).
Chinese crocodile lizard
The Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) is a semiaquatic anguimorph lizard found only in cool forests in southeastern China and northeastern Vietnam. The Chinese crocodile lizard spends much of its time in shallow water or in overhanging branches and vegetation, where it hunts its prey of insects, snails, tadpoles, and worms. Individuals in captivity may be fed baby mice. A rare and little-studied lizard, it is listed in CITES Appendix II, which regulates international trade of specimens. This is the only species in the monotypic genus Shinisaurus. It is the only living member of Shinisauria, a clade of lizards whose fossil record extends back to the Early Cretaceous, over 120 million years ago.

Anguimorpha
The Anguimorpha is a suborder of squamates. The group was named by Fürbringer in 1900 to include all autarchoglossans closer to Varanus and Anguis than Scincus. These lizards, along with iguanians and snakes, constitute the proposed "venom clade" Toxicofera of all venomous reptiles.
Valentine Ball
Valentine Ball (14 July 1843 – 15 June 1895) was an Irish geologist, son of Robert Ball (1802–1857) and a brother of Sir Robert Ball. Ball worked in the Geological Survey of India for twenty years before returning to take up a position in Ireland.

Robert Ball (naturalist)
Robert Ball (1 April 1802 – 30 March 1857) was an Irish naturalist. He served as the director of the Dublin University Museum, and developed a method of dredging known as "Ball's dredge." He served as a secretary to the Royal Zoological Society of Ireland for two decades and was responsible for popularizing natural history through public educational outreach.
Andrew Haswell Green Park
Andrew Haswell Green Park is a 1.98-acre (0.80 ha) public park located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. Named after Andrew Haswell Green, the park runs along the East River from East 60th to 63rd streets and forms part of the East River Greenway. It occupies the site of a former heliport and waste transfer station, the latter of which was converted into an open-air pavilion in 1994. The establishment of the waterfront park was approved by the City Council in 2006, following a recommendation in a plan for the revitalization of the area around the Queensboro Bridge prepared by the local community board.

East River Greenway
The East River Greenway (also called the East River Esplanade) is an approximately 9.44-mile-long (15.19 km) foreshoreway for walking or cycling on the east side of the island of Manhattan on the East River. It is part of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway. The largest portions are operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It is separated from motor traffic, and many sections also separate pedestrians from cyclists. The greenway is parallel to the Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive for a majority of its length.

Parts of the greenway were built at different times. Most of the greenway was built from the 1930s to 1950s in conjunction with the nearby FDR Drive, with exceptions:

Waterside Plaza: 1973

East River Esplanade Park: 1992

East River Waterfront: Late 1990s

Stuyvesant Cove: 2002

United Nations portion (under construction): 2015–28
Manitoba Highway 22
Provincial Trunk Highway 22 (PTH 22) is a short north–south provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from PTH 23 near Elgin to PTH 2 and PR 250 in Souris. This highway is the main access road to the renowned Souris Swinging Bridge.

Manitoba Highway 2
Provincial Trunk Highway 2 (PTH 2) is a 315-kilometre (196-mile) highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from Highway 13 at the Manitoba-Saskatchewan border to Winnipeg's Perimeter Highway near Oak Bluff.

PTH 2 is the Manitoba portion of the Red Coat Trail.
Kilcunda
Kilcunda /ˈkɪlkʌndɑː/ is a seaside town located 117 kilometres (73 mi) south east of Melbourne between Phillip Island and Wonthaggi near Dalyston via the South Gippsland Highway on the Bass Highway, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Known originally as a train station near Wonthaggi, it is now the location of a very popular swimming hole at the Bourne Creek Trestle Bridge and at the 2016 census, Kilcunda had a population of 578.

The name "Kilcunda" is believed to be from the Aboriginal term for 'an exclamation', and is reported by one authority to mean, 'Oh dear, the sticks!'

Dalyston
Dalyston /ˈdælistɒn/ is a town located 125 kilometres (78 mi) south east of Melbourne via the South Gippsland and Bass Highways, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Known originally as a train station at Powlett River near Wonthaggi, it is now the location of the Victorian Desalination Plant, and at the 2011 census, it had a population of 606. It's Bass Coast’s fastest-growing suburb, with the 2011 census showing Dalyston’s population more than doubled from 278 residents in 2006 to 606 in 2011.
Ride the Lobster
Ride the Lobster was the world's longest unicycle race, held in June 2008. 
This 800-kilometre international relay race around the roads of Nova Scotia, Canada, was conceived by Edward Wedler. He gave the race its unusual name because he thought the roadways around Nova Scotia resembled a lobster.

The five-day race had five stages, composed of four legs winding around the province of approximately 200 km each and one day of time trials. The first stage was from Yarmouth to Annapolis Royal. The second stage went to St. Margarets. The third stage was composed of two time trials, Hubbards in the morning and Truro in the early evening. The fourth stage was from Truro to Antigonish. The final stage went from Port Hawkesbury to Baddeck. The event coordinator, Heather LeBlanc, intentionally made early stages easier for the contestants and the final stretch difficult.

It was originally proposed to hold the race annually but there have been no subsequent events.

Unicycle
A unicycle, also monocycle is a vehicle that touches the ground with only one wheel. The most common variation has a frame with a saddle, and has a pedal-driven direct-drive. A two speed hub is commercially available for faster unicycling. Unicycling is practiced professionally in circuses, by street performers, in festivals, and as a hobby. Unicycles have also been used to create new sports such as unicycle basketball and unicycle hockey. In recent years, unicycles have also been used in mountain unicycling, an activity similar to mountain biking or trials.
Tennessee State Route 63
State Route 63 (SR 63) is an east–west state highway in the northern portion of East Tennessee. It goes from U.S. Route 27 (US 27) in Huntsville to SR 33 in Sneedville, running 102 miles (164 km).

SR 63 is a primary route west of US 25E in Harrogate; the portion east of the I-75 junction in Caryville is part of Corridor F of the Appalachian Development Highway System, which stretches from Caryville to Jenkins, Kentucky. East of Harrogate, SR 63 is a much curvier secondary route.

The portion of the highway from US 27 in Huntsville to I-75 in Pioneer is named after Congressman Howard Baker Sr.

Tennessee State Route 33
State Route 33 (SR 33) is a primary and secondary route in East Tennessee. It runs 176 miles, from the Georgia state line in Polk County, northeast to the Virginia state line north of Kyles Ford in Hancock County.  South of Maryville, SR 33 is a "hidden" route which shares a concurrency with US 411.

The section of SR 33 between Knoxville and Tazewell, along with US 25E between Tazewell and Middlesboro, Kentucky, was an inspiration for the song The Ballad of Thunder Road.  In the song, a moonshiner runs illegal whiskey from Kentucky to Knoxville on this route.  Sections of the former Highway 33 in Union County have signs marking "The Original Thunder Road".
Bundaberg Region
The Bundaberg Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, about 360 kilometres (220 mi) north of Brisbane, the state capital. It is centred on the city of Bundaberg, and also contains a significant rural area surrounding the city. It was created in 2008 from a merger of the City of Bundaberg with the Shires of Burnett, Isis and Kolan.

The Bundaberg Regional Council, which administers the Region, has an estimated operating budget of A$89 million.

In the 2021 census, the Bundaberg Region had a population of 99,215 people.

City of Bundaberg
The City of Bundaberg was a local government area located in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, encompassing the centre and inner suburbs of the regional city of Bundaberg. The city covered an area of 95.5 square kilometres (36.9 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity in various forms from 1881 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several other councils in the surrounding area to form the Bundaberg Region.
Hawaiian Railway Society
The Hawaiian Railway Society is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge heritage railroad and railroad museum in Ewa, Hawaii, USA, on the island of Oahu.  It uses the trackbed of the defunct Oahu Railway and Land Company. It is currently the only operating railroad museum in the U.S State of Hawaii.

Oahu Railway and Land Company
The Oahu Railway and Land Company, or OR&L, was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge common carrier railway that served much of the Hawaiian island of Oahu, and was the largest narrow gauge class one common carrier in the U.S, until its dissolution in 1947.
Bloody River
Bloody River or Stone Fort River is a river or ghaut (locally called) in Saint Kitts (an island in the Caribbean) which starts from the South East Range, flows west of the village of Challengers and exits at Bloody Point.

Evidence of Indian occupation going back thousands of years is in the form of some petroglyphs.  Also, the river and Bloody Point are where some 2,000 Kalinago people were massacred by English and French colonists in 1626.

Bloody Point
Bloody Point is a headland in Trinity Palmetto Point Parish, Saint Kitts. The Stone Fort or Bloody River runs towards Bloody Point. In 1626, English and French colonists massacred 2,000 Kalinago people at Bloody Point.
New Mexico State Road 179
State Road 179 (NM 179) is a 2.050-mile-long (3.299 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 179's southern terminus is at NM 51 in Truth or Consequences, and the northern terminus is at NM 195 northeast of Truth or Consequences. It is a 2-lane paved the entire length.

New Mexico State Road 195
State Road 195 (NM 195) is a 6.55-mile-long (10.54 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 195's southern terminus is at NM 177 east-northeast of Truth or Consequences, and the northern terminus is at Interstate 25 (I-25), U.S. Route 85 (US 85) and NM 181 north of Truth or Consequences. It currently exists in two segments because the bridge over the Elephant Butte Dam was closed in 2001 to traffic.
Andover Theological Seminary
Andover Theological Seminary (1807–1965) was a Congregationalist seminary founded in 1807 and originally located in Andover, Massachusetts on the campus of Phillips Academy.

From 1908 to 1931, it was located at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It then collocated with Newton Theological Institution (NTI) in Newton, Massachusetts. Then, in 1965, Andover Theological Seminary and NTI formally merged in 1965 to form Andover Newton Theological School in Andover, Massachusetts. In its original and merged forms, it is the first and thus the oldest Protestant theological seminary in the United States. The seminary continues as Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School, which was launched in 2017.

Andover Newton Theological School
Andover Newton Theological School is the predecessor of Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School and a graduate school and seminary, affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA and the United Church of Christ. It was located in Newton, Massachusetts and was the product of a merger between Andover Theological Seminary and Newton Theological Institution.  In recent years, it was an official open and affirming seminary, meaning that it was open to students of same-sex attraction or transgender orientation and generally advocated for tolerance of it in church and society.

In November 2015, the school announced that it would move from its campus and become part of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, a process it completed in July 2017.
Manoj Bharathiraja
Manoj Kumar Bharathiraja (11 September 1976 – 25 March 2025) was an Indian actor, film director, producer and playback singer who worked in Tamil cinema. He was the son of director Bharathiraja and made his acting debut with his father's Taj Mahal in 1999.

Manoj's notable films included Samudhiram (2001), Kadal Pookkal (2001), Alli Arjuna (2002), Varushamellam Vasantham (2002), Eera Nilam (2003), Annakodi (2013), Baby (2015), Maanaadu (2021) and Viruman (2022).

Before becoming an actor in the Tamil film industry, Manoj worked as an assistant director. He worked as an assistant to his father in films such Nadodi Thendral (1992) and Kizhakku Cheemayile (1993), to Mani Ratnam in Bombay (1995) and to S. Shankar for Enthiran (2010).

Bharathiraja
Bharathiraja (/ˈbɑːrəθirɑːdʒɑː/ born 17 July 1941) is a multiple-award-winning Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor who works mainly in the Tamil film industry. Making his debut in 1977 with 16 Vayathinile, he is known for realistic and sensitive portrayals of rural life in his films and popularly referred to as Iyakkunar Imayam. Also, in the 1980s-90s, the Bharathiraja (Direction)+Ilaiyaraaja (Music)+Vairamuthu (Lyric's) Best Combination was very popular among Tamil film fans. As of 2017, he has won six National Film Awards, four Filmfare Awards South, six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and a Nandi Award. He has also directed films in Telugu and Hindi. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri award, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2004 for his contribution to the film industry. In 2005, he was conferred with the Doctor of Letters (honorary degree) from Sathyabama University.
Gehlingia
Gehlingia dibrachida is a species of enigmatic Ediacaran organism from South Australia described by Mark McMenamin in 1998. Gehlingia has been described as having many characteristics of petalonamids, although it has been classified as a rather close relative of the Tribrachidium. The overall shape of Gehlingia contradicts this affinity, however, with its shape being a more bilaterally symmetrical one although the basic structure similar to that of Tribrachidium appears in Gehlingia as separate branches extending into bifurcating minor branches along with "thumb structures" that are apparent in Tribrachidium in the form of side bulges on an axis.

Tribrachidium
Tribrachidium is a tri-radially symmetric fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran (Vendian) seas. In life, it was hemispherical in form. T. heraldicum is the best known member of the extinct group Trilobozoa.
Expectation damages
Expectation damages are damages recoverable from a breach of contract by the non-breaching party. An award of expectation damages protects the injured party's interest in realising the value of the expectancy that was created by the promise of the other party. Thus, the impact of the breach on the promisee is to be effectively "undone" with the award of expectation damages.

The purpose of expectation damages is to put the non-breaching party in the position it would have occupied had the contract been fulfilled. Expectation damages can be contrasted to reliance damages and restitution damages, which are remedies that address other types of interests of parties involved in enforceable promises.

The default for expectation damages are monetary damages which are subject to limitations or exceptions (see below)

Expectation damages are measured by the diminution in value, coupled with consequential and incidental damages.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
RTL Deutschland
RTL Deutschland (previously Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland) is a German media company based in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. It was founded in 2007 as a holding company for the German television, broadcasting and content production businesses of the RTL Group, which is majority-owned by Bertelsmann.

On 14 June 2021 it was announced that the Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland would be renamed RTL Deutschland in September 2021. In this context, both the company and the broadcaster RTL got new logos and a new design.

Bertelsmann
Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, commonly known as Bertelsmann (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁtl̩sˌman] ⓘ), is a German private multinational conglomerate corporation based in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of the world's largest media conglomerates and is also active in the service sector and education.

Bertelsmann was founded as a publishing house by Carl Bertelsmann in 1835. After World War II, Bertelsmann, under the leadership of Reinhard Mohn, went from being a medium-sized enterprise to a major conglomerate, offering not only books but also television, radio, music, magazines and services. Its principal divisions include the RTL Group, Penguin Random House, BMG, Arvato, the Bertelsmann Marketing Services, the Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.

Bertelsmann is an unlisted and capital market-oriented company, which remains primarily controlled by the Mohn family.
62nd Punjabis
The 62nd Punjabis was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised in 1759 as the 3rd Battalion of Coast Sepoys, and formed part of the Madras Army. It was designated as the 62nd Punjabis in 1903 and became 1st Battalion 1st Punjab Regiment in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 1st battalion, Punjab Regiment. It is the senior-most surviving infantry battalion of the British Indian Army.

Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)
The Punjab Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Pakistan Army. The regiment takes its name from the historic Punjab region, which is now divided into the Punjab province of Pakistan and the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. It was raised in its current form in 1956, following the amalgamation of the 1st, 14th, 15th and 16th Punjab regiments that were inherited by the Dominion of Pakistan from the British Indian Army upon the Partition of India. Since then, the regiment has expanded in size to 63 battalions.

It is the oldest regiment in the Pakistan Army, tracing its lineage to as far back as 1751, during the reign of the Mughal Empire. The regiment's battalions have a distinguished record of military service, spanning the rise and decline of British colonial rule in South Asia, both World War I and World War II, as well as post-independence Pakistan.
AMI-télé
AMI-télé is a Canadian French language digital cable specialty channel owned by the non-profit organization Accessible Media Inc. (AMI). AMI-télé is a French version of AMI's English-language service AMI-tv, and broadcasts a selection of general entertainment programming with accommodations for those who are visually or hearing impaired, consisting of described video on the primary audio track and closed captioning available across all of its programming. The channel also broadcasts series on accessibility- and disability-related topics.

AMI-télé is licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) as a Category A "must-carry" service; it must be carried on the lowest level of service by all licensed digital cable, satellite television, and IPTV providers in Canada.

Accessible Media Inc.
Accessible Media Inc. (AMI) is a media company that entertains, informs and empowers Canadians with disabilities through the offering of relevant original content.  The company operates three broadcast services: AMI-tv and AMI-audio in English and AMI-télé in French, as well as the free streaming service, AMI+.
Tosa (dog breed)
The Tosa, also known as the Japanese Mastiff, is a dog breed of Japanese origin that is considered rare. It was originally bred in Tosa, Shikoku (present-day Kōchi), as a fighting dog and the only dog legally allowed in Japanese dog fighting. Ownership is restricted in some countries as a dangerous breed.

Dog fighting
Dog fighting is a type of blood sport that turns game and fighting dogs against each other in a physical fight, often to the death, for the purposes of gambling or entertainment to the spectators. In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights are often staged in garages, basements, warehouses, alleyways, abandoned buildings, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets. Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, dies, or jumps out of the pit. Sometimes dog fights end without declaring a winner; for instance, the dog's owner may call off the fight.

Dog fighting generates revenue from stud fees, admission fees, and gambling. Most countries have banned dog fighting, but it is still legal in some countries, such as Venezuela, Bangladesh, Japan and Albania. The sport is also popular in Russia.