hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ems dispatch
The Ems dispatch (French: Dépêche d'Ems, German: Emser Depesche), sometimes called the Ems telegram, was published on 13 July 1870; it incited the Second French Empire to declare war on the Kingdom of Prussia on 19 July 1870, starting the Franco-Prussian War. The actual dispatch was an internal telegram sent by Heinrich Abeken from Prussian King Wilhelm I's vacationing site at Ems to Otto von Bismarck in Berlin, describing demands made by the French ambassador concerning the Spanish succession. Bismarck, the chancellor of the North German Confederation, released a statement to the press, stirring up emotions in both France and Germany.

The name referred to Bad Ems, a resort spa east of Koblenz on the Lahn river, then in Hesse-Nassau, a new possession of Prussia.

Bad Ems
Bad Ems (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʔɛms] ⓘ) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Rhein-Lahn rural district and is well known as a spa on the river Lahn. Bad Ems was the seat of Bad Ems collective municipality, which has been merged into the Bad Ems-Nassau collective municipality. The town has around 9,000 inhabitants.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous hot springs and 18-20th century architecture bearing testimony to the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during that time.
Valkyrie Press
Valkyrie Press was a British publisher of comics that operated from 1987 to 1989. It published Fox's Redfox, and Bryan Talbot's The Adventures of Luther Arkwright, both of which won Eagle Awards. Valkyrie Press was owned by Redfox co-writer Chris Bell and jointly operated by Bell and Redfox artist Fox.

Redfox (comics)
Redfox is a British fantasy comic published in the late 1980s, created and penciled by Fox. The comic won the 1987 Eagle Award for Best New British Comic of 1986, and was nominated for eight Eagle Awards in total.
Adele Carles
Adele Simone Carles (born 19 February 1968) is an Australian former politician. She was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 2009 to 2013, representing the electorate of Fremantle. She was initially elected as a Greens WA member at the 2009 Fremantle state by-election, becoming the first Greens candidate to be elected to an Australian state lower house of parliament in a single-member seat. However, she resigned from the Greens on 6 May 2010 to sit as an independent. In November 2010, Carles agreed to guarantee confidence and supply votes for the incumbent Colin Barnett Liberal minority government. She ran for re-election as an independent at the  2013 state election, but was defeated, finishing fourth behind the Labor, Liberal and Greens candidates with 5.49% of the vote.

2013 Western Australian state election
The 2013 Western Australian state election was held on Saturday 9 March 2013 to elect 59 members to the Legislative Assembly and 36 members to the Legislative Council.

The incumbent Liberal–National Coalition government, led by Premier Colin Barnett, won a second consecutive four-year term in government, defeating the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Mark McGowan, in a landslide. The Liberals alone won a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly for the first time since the election of 1996, retaining government with 31 seats. Labor won 21 seats and the Nationals won 7 seats. In the Legislative Council, the Liberals won 17 of the 36 seats.
Bolesław II the Horned
Bolesław II the Horned (Polish: Bolesław II Rogatka), known also as Bolesław II the Bald (Polish: Bolesław II Łysy; c. 1220/5 – 26/31 December 1278), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was High Duke of Poland briefly in 1241 and Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1241 until 1248, when the duchy was divided between him and his brothers. After the partition, he ruled the Silesian Duchy of Legnica until his death. The second Mongol raid against Poland, led by Nogai Khan, occurred during his reign.

Przemysł I of Greater Poland
Przemysł I (4 June 1221 – 4 June 1257), a member of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1239 until his death, from 1241 with his brother Bolesław the Pious as co-ruler. He was able to re-acquire large parts of Greater Poland, ruling as Duke of Poznań and Gniezno from 1247 and, upon several inheritance conflicts with his brother, as Duke of Poznań and Kalisz from 1249, sole Duke of Greater Poland from 1250, and Duke of Poznań from 1253 until his death.

The numeral primus ("The First") was given to him in the almost contemporary Wielkopolska Chronicle.
Begna (river)
The Begna is a river in Buskerud and Innlandet counties in Norway. The 213-kilometre (132 mi) long river runs from the Filefjell mountain area through Valdres to the town of Hønefoss where it joins the river Randselva before it empties into the Tyrifjorden. The river Begna drains a watershed of 4,875 square kilometres (1,882 sq mi) and this is the primary river in the watershed. Along its course, the river passes through the village of Begna in Sør-Aurdal Municipality. The Norwegian writer, Mikkjel Fønhus lived much of his life and located most of his novels along the river Begna.

Begna, Norway
Begna or Begna bruk is a village in Sør-Aurdal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the Begnadalen valley, along the north shore of the river Begna, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the southeast of the village of Bagn which is the municipal centre of Sør-Aurdal. The European route E16 highway runs along the southern shore of the river, accessible by a nearby bridge. The village lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the northwest of the municipal (and county) border. Ringerike Municipality lies on the other side of the border.

The village is the site of a large sawmill which is the largest industrial site in Valdres. The sawmill sells about 200 million kr worth of lumber each year.
Killingworth
Killingworth is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England, within the historic county of Northumberland.

Killingworth was built as a new town in the 1960s, next to Killingworth Village, which existed for centuries before the new town was built. Other nearby villages include Forest Hall, West Moor and Backworth.

Killingworth is linked to the rest of Tyne and Wear by bus routes. The town is not on the Tyne and Wear Metro network; its nearest Metro stations are Palmersville and Benton.

The town of Killingworth in Australia is named after the British original because of its extensive coal mines.

Forest Hall
Forest Hall is a village in the borough of North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. It is 4 miles from Newcastle upon Tyne. It borders Killingworth to the north, Holystone to the east and Benton to the south. The village was named after the Forest Hall, which incorporated a medieval tower. Woodside Court was built on the site of the Hall, which was demolished in 1962.
Black 47 (band)
Black 47 was an American Celtic rock band from New York City, formed in 1989 by Larry Kirwan and Chris Byrne, which derived its name from a traditional term for the summer of 1847, the worst year of the Great Famine in Ireland. Associated with Irish republicanism and left-wing politics, the band was considered a forerunner of Flogging Molly and Dropkick Murphys. The band broke up in 2014.

In 2025, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included the band in his list of "20 underrated bands from the 1990s who are worth rediscovering".

Larry Kirwan
Larry Kirwan (born 1954 in Wexford) is an Irish-American writer and musician, most noted as the lead singer for the rock band Black 47 and conceiver/co-writer of Paradise Square, the Broadway Musical for which he received a Tony Award nomination.
SpaceShipOne flight 17P
Flight 17P of SpaceShipOne was a spaceflight in the Tier One program that took place on October 4, 2004. It was the second competitive flight in the Ansari X Prize competition to demonstrate a non-governmental reusable crewed spacecraft, and is hence also referred to as the X2 flight.  It was a successful flight, winning the X PRIZE. As of December 2025 this is the last solo spaceflight in history.

SpaceShipOne flight 16P
Flight 16P of SpaceShipOne was a spaceflight in the Tier One program that took place on September 29, 2004. It was the first competitive flight in the Ansari X PRIZE competition to demonstrate a non-governmental reusable crewed spacecraft, and is hence also referred to as the X1 flight. A serious roll excursion occurred during boost, so the flight did not achieve the expected altitude. However, it exceeded 100 km altitude, making it a successful X PRIZE flight.
Dynamo de Quebec
Dynamo de Québec was a professional Canadian soccer team based in Québec City. The team represented the Capitale-Nationale region in the PLSQ, which its men's side joined in 2017, and its women's side the year after until 2019. The team is affiliated to the Association Régionale de Soccer de Québec, and has its roots as the association's elite player-development program.

Ligue1 Québec (women)
Ligue1 Québec (L1QC, previously known as the Première ligue de soccer du Québec féminine) is a semi-professional soccer league created in 2018, organized by the Quebec Soccer Federation, which operates at the pro-am tier of the Canadian soccer league system. In 2025, the league expanded and introduced two new divisions Ligue2 Québec and Ligue3 Québec, following the ending of the amateur Ligue de soccer élite du Québec, with the teams being folded into L1Q. The L1QC women's division is below the Northern Super League and equal to League1 Ontario, League1 British Columbia, and League1 Alberta.
OpenType
OpenType is a format for scalable computer fonts. Derived from TrueType, it retains TrueType's basic structure but adds many intricate data structures for describing typographic behavior. OpenType is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

The specification germinated at Microsoft, with Adobe Systems also contributing by the time of the public announcement in 1996.

Because of wide availability and typographic flexibility, including provisions for handling the diverse behaviors of all the world's writing systems, OpenType fonts are used commonly on major computer platforms.

PostScript fonts
PostScript fonts are font files encoded in outline font specifications developed by Adobe Systems for professional digital typesetting. This system uses the PostScript file format to encode font information.

"PostScript fonts" may also separately be used to refer to a basic set of fonts included as standards in the PostScript system, such as Times New Roman, Helvetica, and Avant Garde.
Catalans Dragons Wheelchair
The Catalans Dragons Wheelchair Rugby League Football Club are a French wheelchair rugby league club based in Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales. The club competes in the Elite 1 Championship, the top tier of the French rugby league system.

Catalans Dragons
The Catalans Dragons (French: Dragons Catalans, Catalan: Dracs Catalans) are a professional rugby league club from Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales department, France. Despite being based in France, the club competes in Super League, the top tier of the British rugby league.

Formed after the merger of XIII Catalan and AS Saint-Estève, they have won one French Championship and two Lord Derby Cups. In Britain they have never won the League Championship but have won the Challenge Cup once.

Catalans play home games at Stade Gilbert Brutus. Their traditional home colours are white red and gold.
Pyrazine
Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. It is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. It is a "deliquescent crystal or wax-like solid with a pungent, sweet, corn-like, nutty odour".

Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anions and decrease nitric oxide production in human granulocytes.

Pyridazine
Pyridazine is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound with the molecular formula C4H4N2. It contains a six-membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms. It is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 208 °C. It is isomeric with two other diazine (C4H4N2) rings, pyrimidine and pyrazine.
Netherlands Reformed Congregations
The Netherlands Reformed Congregations is a conservative Reformed denomination with congregations in Canada, the United States and Bolivia. It is affiliated with the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands.

The Netherlands Reformed Congregations aim to remain true to inerrant Scripture (the Bible) and its Calvinist heritage as expounded in the denomination’s doctrinal standards: Belgic Confession, Heidelberg Catechism, and Canons of Dort. They are also in agreement with the Westminster Standards.

Reformed Congregations
The Reformed Congregations (in Dutch: Gereformeerde Gemeenten, abbreviated GerGem) is a conservative Reformed church with 152 congregations in the Netherlands, 1 in Randburg, South Africa and 1 congregation in Carterton, New Zealand. The denomination has approximately 107,015 members as of 1 January 2024. It is Calvinist in theology. It is affiliated with the North American Netherlands Reformed Congregations.

The denomination is also sometimes called the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands and North America, which can be confused with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (in Dutch: Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland, abbreviated GKN), which were formed 1892 and which merged with the Netherlands Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlands Hervormde Kerk, abbreviated NHK) in 2004.
A. S. Neill
Alexander Sutherland Neill (17 October 1883 – 23 September 1973) was a Scottish educator and author known for his school, Summerhill, and its philosophy of freedom from adult coercion and community self-governance. Raised in Scotland, Neill taught at several schools before attending the University of Edinburgh in 1908–1912. He took two jobs in journalism before World War I, and taught at Gretna Green Village School in the second year of the war, writing his first book, A Dominie's Log (1915), as a diary of his life there as head teacher. He joined a Dresden school in 1921 and founded Summerhill on returning to England in 1924. Summerhill gained renown in the 1930s and then in the 1960s–1970s, due to progressive and counter-culture interest. Neill wrote 20 books. His top seller was the 1960 Summerhill, read widely in the free school movement from the 1960s.

A Dominie's Log
A.S. Neill's A Dominie's Log is a diary of his first year as headteacher at Gretna Green Village School, during 1914–15. It is an autobiographical novel. He changed a hard working, academic school controlled by corporal punishment and the fear of the authority of the teacher into one of happiness, play and children controlling their learning. He was a reflective teacher, sitting on his desk thinking out why he and the children were at the school. He also, most importantly, thought the children were human beings, and engaged with them as such, joining in their games, sliding with them on an ice slide in the street, sharing their sweets, laughing with them, and appreciating and respecting their individuality, and creativity.
Ayya Nadar
P. Ayya Nadar (1905–1982) was an Indian entrepreneur from the southern city of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu. He along with Shanmuga Nadar is credited for transforming the small village of Sivakasi into a thriving industrial town with firecracker, matchbox and printing industries. He was the founder of Anil brand (Squirrel) matches, which later turned into National Fireworks, after he died theNational Firewoks name changed to AYYAN FIREWORKS and Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College.

Shanmuga Nadar
Shanmuga Nadar (1903-1969) was an Indian entrepreneur from the southern city of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu. He along with his cousin Ayya Nadar is credited for transforming the small village of Sivakasi into a thriving industrial town. He was the founder of Kakka (or Kaliswari) firework industry.  He was the chairman of Sivakasi municipality between 1952 and 1955. In 1922, he along with Ayya Nadar went to Calcutta to learn matchmaking and opened industries in Sivakasi upon their return.
Chaozhou
Chaozhou (Chinese: 潮州), alternatively Chiuchow, Chaochow or Teochew, is a city in the eastern Guangdong province of China. It borders Shantou to the south, Jieyang to the southwest, Meizhou to the northwest, the province of Fujian to the east, and the South China Sea to the southeast. It is administered as a prefecture-level city with a jurisdiction area of 3,110 km2 (1,200 sq mi) and a total population of 2,568,387. It is also the ancestral hometown of 2.7 million overseas Teochow people.

Along with Shantou and Jieyang, Chaozhou is a cultural center of the Chaoshan region.

Jieyang
Jieyang (simplified Chinese: 揭阳; traditional Chinese: 揭陽; pinyin: Jiēyáng; Chaozhou dialect: gig4 iên5; Jieyang dialect: gêg4 ion5) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guangdong Province (Yuedong), People's Republic of China, part of the Chaoshan region whose people speak Chaoshan Min distinct from neighbouring Yue speakers. It is historically important as the hometown of many overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. It borders Shantou to the east, Chaozhou to the northeast, Meizhou to the north, Shanwei to the west, and looks out to the South China Sea to the south.
Tony Robbins
Anthony Jay Robbins (né Mahavoric, born February 29, 1960) is an American author, coach and motivational speaker. He is known for his seminars, and self-help books including the books Unlimited Power (1986) and Awaken the Giant Within (1991).

Unlimited Power (book)
Unlimited Power is a self-help book by American writer and motivational speaker Tony Robbins.

It was published by Fawcett Columbine (Ballantine Books) in 1986.

It was reviewed by Kirkus, and an adaptation co-authored by Joseph McClendon in 2021 was reviewed by Publishers Weekly.
Double-lined mackerel
The double-lined mackerel (Grammatorcynus bilineatus), is a species of Spanish mackerel (tribe Scomberomorini)  in the family Scombridae. This species is sometimes also called the scad mackerel (not be confused with the mackerel scad in the Carangidae family).

Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorini is a tribe of ray-finned, saltwater, bony fishes that is commonly known as Spanish mackerels, seerfishes, or seer fish. This tribe is a subset of the mackerel family (Scombridae), which it shares with four sister tribes, the tunas, mackerels, bonitos, and butterfly kingfish. Scomberomorini comprises 21 species across three genera. They are pelagic fish, fast swimmers and predatory in nature, that fight vigorously when caught. They are mainly caught using hooks and lines.
Catherine Naglestad
Catherine Naglestad (born 7 November 1965) is an American soprano performing in Europe and internationally. She grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area. In 2006, she was named Singer of the Year by Opernwelt in Germany for her portrayal of Norma, Alceste, and Elisabetta.

Alceste (Gluck)
Alceste, Wq. 37 (the later French version is Wq. 44), is an opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck from 1767. The Italian libretto was written by Ranieri de' Calzabigi and based on the play Alcestis by Euripides. The premiere took place on 26 December 1767 at the Burgtheater in Vienna.
Lentiform nucleus
The lentiform nucleus (or lentiform complex, lenticular nucleus, or lenticular complex) are the putamen (laterally) and the globus pallidus (medially), collectively. Due to their proximity, these two structures were formerly considered one, however, the two are separated by a thin layer of white matter—the external medullary lamina—and are functionally and connectionally distinct.

The lentiform nucleus is a large, lens-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule. It forms part of the basal ganglia. With the caudate nucleus, it forms the dorsal striatum.

Globus pallidus
The globus pallidus (GP), also known as paleostriatum or dorsal pallidum, is a major component of the subcortical basal ganglia in the brain. It consists of two adjacent segments, one external (or lateral), known in rodents simply as the globus pallidus, and one internal (or medial). It is part of the telencephalon, but retains close functional ties with the subthalamus in the diencephalon – both of which are part of the extrapyramidal motor system.

The globus pallidus receives principal inputs from the striatum, and principal direct outputs to the thalamus and the substantia nigra. The latter is made up of similar neuronal elements, has similar afferents from the striatum, similar projections to the thalamus, and has a similar synaptology. Neither receives direct cortical afferents, and both receive substantial additional inputs from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei.

Globus pallidus is Latin for "pale globe".
Mardan
Mardān is a city in the Mardan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Located in the Valley of Peshawar, Mardan is the second-largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (after Peshawar). It is a fast-growing city that experienced a population boom in the latter half of the 20th century.

Around 1800 BCE, the area around Mardan was part of the homeland of the Gandhara grave culture. Rock edicts of the ancient Indian King Ashoka in the nearby Shahbaz Garhi, written in the right-to-left Kharosthi script, dates from the Mauryan period (mid-200s BCE) and represent the earliest irrefutable evidence of writing in South Asia. The nearby Takht-i-Bahi which has remains of an ancient Buddhist monastery was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.

Takht-i-Bahi
Takht-i-Bahi (Pashto/Urdu: تختِ باهی, lit. 'throne of the water spring'), is an Indo-Parthian archaeological site of an ancient Buddhist monastery in Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The site is considered among the most important relics of Buddhism in all of what was once Gandhara.

The monastery was founded in the 1st century CE, and was in use until the 7th century. The complex is regarded by archaeologists as being particularly representative of the architecture of Buddhist monastic centers from its era.  Takht-i-Bahi was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1980, with UNESCO describing it as "exceptionally well-preserved."
Kalani Peʻa
Kalani Peʻa (born April 13, 1983) is a four-time Grammy Award winning singer-songwriter of Hawaiian music. He released his first album, E Walea, in 2016, which won the 2017 Grammy Award for Best Regional Roots Music Album. Peʻa released his second album, No 'Ane'i, in 2018, which won the 2019 Grammy for Best Regional Roots Music Album. His fifth album, Kuini, was released in 2024 and was awarded the Grammy for Best Regional Roots Music Album at the 67th Annual Grammy Awards in 2025, giving Peʻa a record number of wins in the category.

Peʻa, who is Kānaka Maoli, is also an educator, and promotes Hawaiian language and culture. He is a supporter of Hawaiian-language immersion schools.

Kuini (album)
Kuini is a studio album by Kalani Peʻa, released in 2024. This album marks the 5th studio album release for Peʻa. The album honors influential women in Peʻa's life and also includes a tribute to Lahaina Maui. The album also includes songs that honor lei makers of the island of Niihau. The album was recorded in Kula on the island of Maui.