hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1903 conclave
A conclave was held from 31 July to 4 August 1903 to elect a new pope to succeed Leo XIII, who had died on 20 July. Of the 64 eligible cardinal electors, all but two attended. On the seventh ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Giuseppe Sarto, the patriarch of Venice. After accepting his election, he took the name Pius X.

This was the first conclave to host a representative from North America—James Gibbons, archbishop of Baltimore—and the first to incorporate a non-European born cardinal since the 1471 papal conclave that featured Cardinal Bessarion of Trebizond. Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria asserted the right claimed by certain Catholic rulers to veto a candidate for the papacy, blocking the election of the leading candidate, Cardinal Secretary of State Mariano Rampolla.

Jus exclusivae
Jus exclusivae (Latin for "right of exclusion"; sometimes called the papal veto) was the right claimed by several Catholic monarchs of Europe to veto a candidate for the papacy. Although never formally recognized by the Catholic Church, the monarchs of France, Spain and Austria claimed this right at various times, making known to a papal conclave, through a crown-cardinal, that the monarch deemed a particular candidate for the papacy objectionable.
Laura Henderson
Laura Henderson (6 December 1863 – 29 November 1944) born Laura Forster, rose to prominence during the 1930s when, as a wealthy and eccentric widow, she founded the Windmill Theatre in London's Great Windmill Street, in partnership with Vivian van Damm. Under the leadership of Henderson, as owner, and van Damm as manager, the theatre became a British institution, famed for its pioneering tableaux vivants of motionless female nudity, and for having "never closed" during the Blitz.

At the time of her death in 1944, newspapers described her as "the mother of non-stop variety in London."

Vivian Van Damm
Vivian Talbot Van Damm (28 June 1889 – 14 December 1960) was a prominent British theatre impresario from 1932 until 1960, managing the Windmill Theatre in London's Great Windmill Street.  The theatre was famed for its pioneering tableaux vivants of motionless female nudity, and for its reputation of having 'never closed' during the Blitz.
Maryland Route 818
Maryland Route 818 (MD 818) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  Known as Main Street, the state highway runs 2.62 miles (4.22 km) between two intersections with U.S. Route 113 (US 113) on the north and south sides of Berlin in Worcester County.  MD 818 is the original 1927 alignment of US 113 through Berlin.  The state highway was designated shortly after US 113's bypass of Berlin was completed in the late 1950s.

Berlin, Maryland
Berlin is a town in Worcester County, Maryland, United States which includes its own historical Berlin Commercial District. As of the 2020 census, Berlin had a population of 5,026. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Name suffix
A name suffix in the Western English-language naming tradition, follows a person's surname (last name) and provides additional information about the person. Post-nominal letters indicate that the individual holds a position, educational degree, accreditation, office, or honor (e.g. "PhD", "CCNA", "OBE"). Other examples include generational designations like "Sr." and "Jr." and "I", "II", "III", etc.

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
Yoshiaki Oshima
Yoshiaki Oshima (大島 良明, Ōshima Yoshiaki) (born 1952) is a Japanese astronomer at Gekko Observatory and prolific discoverer of 61 asteroids as credited by the Minor Planet Center, and include the binary asteroid 4383 Suruga, the potentially hazardous object (7753) 1988 XB and the Jupiter trojan 4715 Medesicaste.

4383 Suruga
4383 Suruga, provisional designation 1989 XP, is a Vestian asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.5 kilometers in diameter and it was discovered on 1 December 1989, by Japanese astronomer Yoshiaki Oshima at Gekko Observatory, Japan. The asteroid was named after the former Japanese Suruga Province. Its synchronous minor-planet moon measures approximately 1.33 kilometers and has a period of 16.386 hours.
Breathe (The Prodigy song)
"Breathe" is a song by English electronic dance music band the Prodigy, released in November 1996 by XL Recordings as the second single from their third album, The Fat of the Land (1997). It was written by band members Liam Howlett, Keith Flint and Maxim Reality, featuring a drum break from the song "Johnny the Fox Meets Jimmy the Weed" by Thin Lizzy. The whiplashing sword sound effect is a sample of "Da Mystery of Chessboxin'" by Wu-Tang Clan. As with "Firestarter", Jim Davies played the guitar in the song.

"Breathe" became the group's second consecutive number-one in the United Kingdom and also topped the charts in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden. Its music video was directed by Walter Stern, depicting the band in an abandoned, decrepit apartment building. Melody Maker ranked "Breathe" number 29 on their list of the best singles of 1996, and Q magazine featured it on their "1001 Best Songs Ever" in 2003.

Maxim (musician)
Keith Andrew Palmer (born 21 March 1967), better known by his stage name Maxim (previously Maxim Reality), is a British musician, known for being a lead vocalist and MC of electronic music band The Prodigy.
2000 Super League Grand Final
The 2000 Super League Grand Final was the third official Grand Final and the conclusive and championship-deciding game of 2000's Super League V. Held on Saturday 14 October 2000 at Old Trafford, Manchester, the game was played between St. Helens and Wigan Warriors. Wigan wore blue for the encounter and St Helens wore their traditional red and white. The match was refereed by Russell Smith of Castleford and played before a crowd of 58,132. In the end St Helens, inspired by their captain Chris Joynt, defeated Wigan Warriors 29–16.

2000 Super League season
Tetley's Bitter Super League was the official name for the year 2000's Super League championship season, the 106th season of top-level professional rugby league football in Britain, and the fifth championship run by the Super League. The season culminated in the Grand Final between St Helens R.F.C. and Wigan Warriors, which St Helens won, claiming their second consecutive Championship.
Patcheeswarar temple
Patcheeswarar temple is a famous temple in the heart of the town named Cheyyar in Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu state, India built during the times of Pallava dynasty.

It is a temple of Lord Shiva. It is built in Dravidian architecture.

Cheyyar
Cheyyar, officially Tiruvetipuram is a Town in the Tiruvannamalai District in the Tamil Nadu state of South India. The most common name of this town is Cheyyar but it is also referred to as Tiruvetipuram in many government records. The town has an ancient temple called Vedapureeswarar Temple situated on the banks of the river.
Jacob Meir Biderman
Rabbi Jacob Meir Biderman (1870–1941)  was the president of Kolel Polen (קופת רבי מאיר בעל הנס - כולל פולין), in 1935 was appointed to the board of Rabbis of the Warsaw community, along with Rabbi Menachem Ziemba and Rabbi Avraham Weinberg.

Menachem Ziemba
Rabbi Menachem Ziemba (1883–1943) (Hebrew: מנחם זמבה) was a distinguished pre-World War II Rabbi, known as a Talmudic genius and prodigy. He is known to be fluent in all of Talmud as well as many of the works of the later Rabbis such as Rabbi Joseph Rosen and Rabbi Meir Simcha of Dvinsk. He was gunned down by the Germans in the Warsaw Ghetto.
Offside (association football)
Offside  is one of the laws in association football, codified in Law 11 of the Laws of the Game. The law states that a player is in an offside position if any of their body parts, except the hands and arms, are in the opponents' half of the pitch and closer to the opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent (the last opponent is usually, but not necessarily, the goalkeeper).

Being in an offside position is not an offence in itself, but a player so positioned when the ball is played by a teammate can be judged guilty of an offside offence if they receive the ball or will otherwise become "involved in active play", will "interfere with an opponent", or will "gain an advantage" by being in that position. Offside is often considered one of the most difficult-to-understand aspects of the sport.

Scoring in association football
In games of association football, teams compete to score the most goals. A goal is scored when the ball passes completely over a goal line at either end of the field of play between two centrally positioned upright goal posts 24 feet (7.32 m) apart and underneath a horizontal crossbar at a height of 8 feet (2.44 m) — this frame is itself referred to as a goal. Each team aims to score at one end of the pitch, while preventing their opponents from scoring at the other end. Nets are usually attached to the goal frame to catch goalscoring balls, but the ball is not required to touch the net.
Roshan Ara Begum
Roshan Ara Begum (Urdu: رَوشن آرا بیگم) (1917 – 6 December 1982) was a vocalist belonging to the Kirana gharana (singing style) of Hindustani classical music. She is also known by her honorific title Malika-e-Mauseeqi (The Queen of Music) and The Queen of Classical Music in both Pakistan and India.

Kirana gharana
The Kirana Gharana is a Hindustani music apprenticeship tradition (gharana) made popular by Bande Ali Khan in the 19th Century and his cousins Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan. Evolved from the instrumental and vocal Gauharbani dhrupad lineages of medieval music maestros Nayak Gopal, Nayak Dhondu, and Nayak Bhanu. Later, this tradition came to be reputed for khayal, thumri, dadra, ghazal, bhajan, abhang, and natya sangeet. This gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Sawai Gandharva, Sureshbabu Mane, Hirabai Barodekar, Amir Khan, Gangubai Hangal, Bhimsen Joshi, Roshanara Begum, Mohammed Rafi, Prabha Atre, Mashkoor Ali Khan Kaivalya Kumar Gurav, Pran Nath, Anand Bhate, Sanhita Nandi, and Jayateerth Mevundi. Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctly sweet, devotional, and intense vocalism.
Emma Suárez
Emma Suárez Bodelón (born 25 June 1964) is a Spanish actress.  She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including three Goya Awards.

After her debut as a child actress in Memoirs of Leticia Valle in 1979, she developed a professional acting career on screen and stage, landing her first adult film lead role in The White Dove. She acquired a great deal of recognition and prestige in 1990s Spanish cinema, starring in films such as Cows (1992), The Red Squirrel (1993), Earth (1996), and The Dog in the Manger (1996), for which she won her first Goya Award for Best Actress.

She continued her career in the 2000s and the 2010s in Hours of Light (2004), Under the Stars (2007), The Mosquito Net (2010), Julieta (2016), and The Next Skin (2016), winning a doublet of Goya Awards in 2017 for her work in the last two films. She has since appeared in films such as April's Daughter (2017), Josephine (2021), and The Rite of Spring and television series such as La zona, Néboa, and Intimacy.

April's Daughter
April's Daughters (Spanish: Las hijas de abril) is a 2017 Mexican drama film directed by Michel Franco. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Jury Prize in that section.
Mada (Buddhism)
Mada (Sanskrit; Tibetan phonetic: gyakpa ) is a Buddhist term translated as "self-satisfaction", "self-infatuation", or "mental inflation". It is identified as one of the twenty subsidiary unwholesome mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings. In this context, it is defined as having excessive pride or vanity based on attachment to one's own good fortune, such as possessing youth, good health, or material wealth.

Mental factors
Mental factors (Sanskrit: चैतसिक, romanized: caitasika or chitta samskara चित्त संस्कार; Pali: cetasika; Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང sems byung), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object, and that have the ability to color the mind. Within the Abhidhamma, the mental factors are categorized as formations (Sanskrit: samskara) concurrent with mind (Sanskrit: citta). Alternate translations for mental factors include "mental states", "mental events", and "concomitants of consciousness".
Simon Fraser, 13th Lord Lovat
Simon Fraser, 13th Lord Lovat and 2nd Baron Lovat, DL (21 December 1828 – 6 September 1887) was a Scottish nobleman, landowner, and soldier. He was the 22nd Chief of Clan Fraser of Lovat in the Scottish Highlands, and responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of Beaufort Castle.

Beaufort Castle, Scotland
Beaufort Castle or Castle Dounie (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Dhùnaidh) is a Baronial style mansion built in 1880 and incorporating older building work. It is situated on the right bank of the River Beauly near the town of Beauly in Inverness-shire and is 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Kiltarlity and 13 mi (21 km) west of Inverness. There has been a castle on the site since the 12th century. Beaufort Castle is the traditional seat of the Lords Lovat, Chiefs of Clan Fraser of Lovat.
Ostomy system
An ostomy pouching system is a prosthetic medical device that provides a means for the collection of waste from a surgically diverted biological system (colon, ileum, bladder) and the creation of a stoma. Pouching systems are most commonly associated with colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies.

Pouching systems usually consist of a collection pouch, a barrier on the skin, and connect with the stoma itself, which is the part of the body that has been diverted to the skin. The system may be a one-piece system consisting only of a bag or, in some instances involve a device placed on the skin with a collection pouch that is attached mechanically or with an adhesive in an airtight seal, known as a two-piece system.

The system used varies between individuals and is often based on the medical reason, personal preference and lifestyle.

Stoma (medicine)
In anatomy, a stoma (pl.: stomata /ˈstoʊ.mə.tə/ or stomas) is any opening in the body. For example, a mouth, a nose, and an anus are natural stomata. Any hollow organ can be manipulated into an artificial stoma as necessary.  This includes the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, pleural cavity, ureters, urinary bladder, and renal pelvis. Such a stoma may be permanent or temporary.

Surgical procedures that involve the creation of an artificial stoma have names that typically end with the suffix "-ostomy", and the same names are also often used to refer to the stoma thus created. For example, the word "colostomy" often refers either to an artificial anus or the procedure that creates one. Accordingly, it is not unusual for a stoma to be called an ostomy (plural ostomies), as is the norm in wound, ostomy, and continence nursing.
Monsieur d'Orléans
Monsieur d'Orléans (16 April 1607 – 17 November 1611) was the second son and fourth child of Henry IV of France and his consort, Marie de' Medici. Commonly ascribed the names Nicolas or Nicolas Henri and the title Duke of Orléans, he was neither baptised nor invested as such during the course of his short life.

He was betrothed to Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier, heiress to vast lands of the extended House of Bourbon. After his father's death in 1610, he was heir presumptive to his older brother, Louis XIII. Of frail health, he died of seizures brought on by hydrocephalus at the age of four, whereupon his title and betrothal were transferred to Gaston, his younger brother.

Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier
Marie de Bourbon (15 October 1605 – 4 June 1627), Duchess of Montpensier, Princess of Dombes and Duchess of Orléans by marriage, was a French noblewoman and one of the last members of the House of Bourbon-Montpensier. Her parents were Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse, Duchess of Joyeuse in her own right.
Pathum Wan district
Pathum Wan  (Thai: ปทุมวัน, pronounced [pā.tʰūm.wān]) is one of the fifty districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It lies just beyond the old city boundary of Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem and was a rural area on the eastern outskirts of the city when royal villas were built there in the late nineteenth century. The district was officially established in 1915, and covers an area of 8.37 square kilometres (3.23 sq mi). A large part of the district area is taken up by the campus of Chulalongkorn University and the green expanses of Lumphini Park and the Royal Bangkok Sports Club. By the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, the district had become known as the modern-day city centre, home to the prominent shopping areas of Siam and Ratchaprasong.

Royal Bangkok Sports Club
The Royal Bangkok Sports Club (RBSC, Thai: ราชกรีฑาสโมสร) is an exclusive sports club in Bangkok, Thailand, best known to the public for its horse racing venue. Founded in 1901, it was the first racecourse in the country and one of the oldest golf courses. Originally serving Western expatriates and Thai aristocrats, the club was at the centre of development in the introduction of modern sport to the country during the early 20th century. The club has since maintained its exclusivity, and has a reputation as a domain of high society.
Rehman Sobhan
Rehman Sobhan (Bengali: রেহমান সোবহান; born 12 March 1935) is a Bangladeshi economist. Regarded as one of the country's top public thinkers, he is the founder and the current chairman of the Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), an organisation active in open public discussions of policy issues, particularly in the area of governance.

Sobhan is an icon of the Bangladeshi independence movement for his role as a spokesman of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh in the United States during the Bangladesh Liberation War. He was awarded the Independence Day Award, Bangladesh's highest civilian honour, in 2008. He was also part of the first Planning Commission of Bangladesh and he later served as the planning adviser for the first caretaker government of Bangladesh.

Centre for Policy Dialogue
The Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) is a non-governmental think-tank in Bangladesh. It was established in 1993 by Rehman Sobhan, its founder chairman, with support from leading civil society institutions in Bangladesh
Gdov
Gdov (Russian: Гдов) is a town and the administrative center of Gdovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the river Gdovka, just 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from its outflow into Lake Peipus. Population: 3,465 (2021 Census); 4,379 (2010 Census); 5,171 (2002 Census); 6,009 (1989 Soviet census).

Gdovsky District
Gdovsky District (Russian: Гдо́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Slantsevsky District of Leningrad Oblast in the north, Plyussky District in the east, Strugo-Krasnensky District in the southeast, and with Pskovsky District in the south. Lake Peipus forms the border with Estonia in the west. The area of the district is 3,400 square kilometers (1,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gdov. Population: 12,792 (2010 Census); 17,715 (2002 Census); 19,842 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Gdov accounts for 34.2% of the district's total population.
Logorama
Logorama is a 2009 French adult animated satirical short film produced by the French graphic design and animation studio H5 as their first and only cinematic project. Co-written and directed by François Alaux, Hervé de Crécy and Ludovic Houplain, the film is set in a stylized version of Los Angeles and portrays various events as being told entirely through the extensive use of more than 2,000 contemporary and historical company logos and mascots. The short's voice cast consists of Bob Stephenson, David Fincher, Aja Evans, Sherman Augustus, Joel Michaely, Matt Winston, Gregory J. Pruss, Josh Eichenbaum, Jaime Ray Newman and Andrew Kevin Walker.

Upon its premiere on 20 May 2009 in Cannes, Logorama has received numerous awards, including winning both the Kodak Discovery Award for Best Short Film (the Kodak Prix) at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 82nd Academy Awards the following year.

2009 Cannes Film Festival
The 62nd Cannes Film Festival  took place from 13 May to 24 May 2009. French actress Isabelle Huppert served as jury president for the main competition. Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film The White Ribbon.

The festival opened with Up by Pete Docter, marking the first time that an animated film opened the festival, and closed with Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky by Jan Kounen.

American filmmaker Clint Eastwood became the second recipient of the Honorary Palme d'Or.
California giant salamander
The California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) is a species of salamander in the family Ambystomatidae. D. ensatus is endemic to California, in the western United States. Terrestrial adults spend most of their time on land in close proximity to fresh water. In contrast, during breeding, in larval development, and neoteny they spend their time inside shallow fresh water. The species once additionally included individuals now belonging to the species D. aterrimus (Idaho giant salamander) and D. tenebrosus (coastal giant salamander), under the common name Pacific giant salamander, which now refers to the whole genus.

Pacific giant salamander
The Pacific giant salamanders are members of the genus Dicamptodon. They are large salamanders endemic to the Pacific Northwest in North America. They are included in the family Ambystomatidae, or alternatively, in their own monogeneric family Dicamptodontidae.
Tom Tryon
Thomas Lester Tryon (January 14, 1926 – September 4, 1991) was an American actor and novelist. As an actor, he was billed as Tom Tryon and is best known for playing the title role in the film The Cardinal (1963), featured roles in the war films The Longest Day (1962) and In Harm's Way (1965), acting with John Wayne in both movies, and especially the Walt Disney television character Texas John Slaughter (1958–1961). Tryon later turned to the writing of prose fiction and screenplays, and wrote several successful science fiction, horror and mystery novels as Thomas Tryon.

Texas John Slaughter (TV series)
Texas John Slaughter (formally titled: Tales of Texas John Slaughter) is a Western television series which aired seventeen episodes between October 31, 1958 and April 23, 1961, as part of Walt Disney Presents, starring Tom Tryon in the title role.  The character was based upon an actual historical figure, Texas Ranger John Horton Slaughter.  Tryon memorably wore an enormous white cowboy hat with the brim pinned up in the front as part of his wardrobe for the series.  Narration is provided by Paul Frees.

The beginning theme song for the series includes the line "Texas John Slaughter made 'em do what they oughter, and if they didn't, they died."