hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular block
Atrioventricular block (AV block) is a type of heart block that occurs when the electrical signal traveling from the atria, or the upper chambers of the heart, to ventricles, or the lower chambers of the heart, is impaired. Normally, the sinoatrial node (SA node) produces an electrical signal to control the heart rate. The signal travels from the SA node to the ventricles through the atrioventricular node (AV node). In an AV block, this electrical signal is either delayed or completely blocked. When the signal is completely blocked, the ventricles produce their own electrical signal to control the heart rate. The heart rate produced by the ventricles is much slower than that produced by the SA node.

Some AV blocks are benign, or normal, in certain people, such as in athletes or children. Other blocks are pathologic, or abnormal, and have several causes, including ischemia, infarction, fibrosis, and drugs.

Atrioventricular node
The atrioventricular node (AV node, or Aschoff-Tawara node) is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart. It electrically connects the atria to the ventricles to coordinate beating. The AV node lies at the lower back section of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus and conducts the normal electrical impulse generated by the sinoatrial node to the ventricles. It slightly delays the electrical impulse by about 0.09s. The AV node also fires intrinsically (without external stimulation) at a rate of 40–60 times/minute, slower than the sinoatrial node. It is quite compact (~1 x 3 x 5 mm).
Invertible matrix
In linear algebra, an invertible matrix (non-singular, non-degenerate or regular) is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if a matrix is invertible, it can be multiplied by its inverse matrix to yield the identity matrix. Invertible matrices are the same size as their inverse.

The inverse of a matrix represents the inverse operation, meaning if a matrix is applied to a particular vector, followed by applying the matrix's inverse, the result is the original vector.

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
De Perier family
The de Perier family is a French lineage of naval and infantry officers from Le Havre in France. From the 17th century onwards, there were two branches, of which only the elder survives.

Notable members include Étienne de Perier (1686-1766), colonial governor of French Louisiana, grand-croix of Saint Louis and lieutenant général des armées navales; Antoine Alexis de Perier de Salvert (1691-1757) chef d'escadre, commander of Saint Louis, director of the Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine; Pierre-Étienne de Perier (1893-1968), divisional general and Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

Étienne Perier (governor)
Étienne Perier or Étienne de Perier (1686–1766), also known as Perier the Elder (French: Perier l'Aîné), was a French naval officer and governor of French Louisiana from 1726 to 1733. His time as governor included some notable achievements, including the construction of the first levee along the Mississippi River in 1727. In response to the Natchez Revolt, he attempted to completely destroy the Natchez people, which increased Native American hostility toward the French in the territory. Because he failed to secure the safety of the colony, Perier was recalled as governor in March 1733. He later distinguished himself as a naval officer and privateer, including during the capture of HMS Northumberland in 1744.
Minister of Defence (Italy)
The minister of defence (Italian: ministro della difesa) is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet who leads the Ministry of Defence. The minister is responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces.

The first minister of war was Manfredo Fanti, a general of the Royal Italian Army, while the first minister of defence was Luigi Gasparotto, member of the Labour Democratic Party; the current office holder is Guido Crosetto, of the Brothers of Italy party, who has been acting as defence minister since 22 October 2022.

Ministry of Defence (Italy)
The Ministry of Defence (Italian: Ministero della Difesa, or MDD) is the government body of the Italian Republic responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces. It is led by the Italian Minister of Defence, a position occupied by Guido Crosetto since October 2022.

The Ministry of Defence was created in 1947 by the merger of the Ministry of War, Ministry of the Navy, and Ministry of Aeronautics under the De Gasperi III Cabinet.

The first Minister of Defence was Luigi Gasparotto.
Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfalz [pfalts] ⓘ; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the southern quarter of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km2) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (Pfälzer).

Rhenish Hesse
Rhenish Hesse or Rhine Hesse (German: Rheinhessen, pronounced [ʁaɪnˈhɛsn̩]) is a region and a former government district (Regierungsbezirk) in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is made up of territories west of the Upper Rhine river that were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor in the Weimar Republic, the People's State of Hesse from 1816 to 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region.
Gujarmal Modi
Gujarmal Modi  (9 August 1902 – 22 January 1976) was an Indian industrialist and philanthropist who co-established the Modi Group of companies and the industrial city of Modinagar in 1933, along with his brother Kedar Nath Modi. A sugar mill in Modinagar marked the beginning of the Modi Group conglomerate, which later diversified into varied fields.

GM Modi established schools and colleges at his birthplace, Mahendragarh, in Patiala and in Modinagar. He also contributed in the field of higher education by giving grants to established institutions such as Banaras Hindu University, and different colleges in Meerut and other places. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 1968. He is the grandfather of Lalit Modi, the founder of the Indian Premier League (IPL).

Modi Enterprises
Modi Industries Limited is an Indian business conglomerate based in New Delhi, India. The US $2.8 billion group, consisting of Godfrey Phillips India, Indofil Industries Ltd., Modicare Limited, has a diversified business portfolio including cigarettes manufacturing, education, agricultural chemicals, personal care, tea and beverages, entertainment, consumer products, multi-level marketing, and gourmet restaurants.
Svartálfar
In Norse cosmology, svartálfar (O.N. "black elves", "swarthy elves", sing. svartálfr), also called myrkálfar ("dark elves", "dusky elves", "murky elves", sing. myrkálfr), are beings who dwell in Svartálfheim (Svartálf[a]heimr, "home of the black-elves"). Both the svartálfar and Svartálfaheimr are only attested in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Scholars have noted that the svartálfar appear to be synonymous with the dwarfs and potentially also the dökkálfar ("dark elves"). As dwarfs, the home of the svartálfar could possibly be another description for Niðavellir ("dark fields").

Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar
In Norse mythology, Dökkálfar ("Dark Elves") and Ljósálfar ("Light Elves") are two contrasting types of elves; the dark elves dwell within the earth and have a dark complexion, while the light elves live in Álfheimr, and are "fairer than the sun to look at". The Ljósálfar and the Dökkálfar are attested in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the late Old Norse poem Hrafnagaldr Óðins. Scholars have produced theories about the origin and implications of the dualistic concept.
Yakovlev Yak-42
The Yakovlev Yak-42 (Russian: Яковлев Як-42; NATO reporting name: "Clobber") is a 100-120-seat three-engined mid-range passenger jet developed in the mid 1970s to replace the  obsolete Tupolev Tu-134. It was the first airliner produced in the Soviet Union to be powered by modern high-bypass turbofan engines.

Yakovlev Yak-40
The Yakovlev Yak-40 (Russian: Яковлев Як-40; NATO reporting name: Codling) is a regional jet designed in Soviet Union by Yakovlev. The trijet's maiden flight was in 1966, and it was in production from 1967 to 1981. It was introduced to service in 1968, with export models following in 1970.
Kimito
Kimito (Swedish: [ˈtɕimito] ⓘ; Finnish: Kemiö [ˈkemiø]) is a former municipality of Finland. On January 1, 2009, it was consolidated with Dragsfjärd and Västanfjärd to form the new municipality of Kimitoön. Prior to the consolidation, it was one of the four municipalities located on Kimito island, the other three being Västanfjärd, Dragsfjärd and Halikko.

It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 3,301 (2004-12-31) and covered an area of 320.17 km2 (excluding sea) of which 2.29 km2 is inland water. The population density was 10.38 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality was bilingual, with majority being Swedish and minority Finnish speakers.

It was the place where Tantalum was discovered along with Ytterby.

Dragsfjärd
Dragsfjärd is a former municipality of Finland. On 1 January 2009 it was consolidated with Kimito and Västanfjärd to form the new municipality of Kimitoön.

It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 3,378 (2004-12-31) and covered an area of 274.95 km2 of which 8.17 km2 was water. The population density was 12.66 inhabitants per km2.

The western part of the municipality belongs to the Southwestern Archipelago National Park and forms the eastern part of the park.

The municipality was bilingual, with 76% of the population being Swedish speakers and 21% being Finnish speakers.
Kzy
Kazuki Sawada (澤田 和希, Sawada Kazuki) (born June 26, 1986) is a Japanese professional wrestler trained by and signed Dragon Gate better known by his ring name Kzy (ケーズィー Kēzī /keɪzjiː/ kay-zee).

Trained in the Dragon Gate dojo, Kzy initially debuted in 2006 as m.c.KZ, with the gimmick of a rapper who rapped his own theme song and wore ring attire heavily influenced by American hip-hop culture. In 2009, he changed his ring name to simply Kzy, the name he uses to this day. He is a one-time Open the Brave Gate Champion and six time Open the Triangle Gate Champion, as well as the King of Gate 2021 winner.

Susumu Yokosuka
Susumu Mochizuki (望月享, Mochizuki Susumu; born February  18, 1978), better known by his ring name Susumu Yokosuka (横須賀ススム, Yokosuka Susumu) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to Dragon Gate. He is not related to fellow Dragon Gate wrestler and long-term ally/rival Masaaki Mochizuki, who debuted much earlier for WAR.
Anaconda (character)
Anaconda (Blanche Sitznski) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She has generally been associated with the Serpent Society, often as a foe of Captain America. Sitznski was given her superhuman abilities by the Roxxon corporation, giving her the codename Anaconda due to her powerful, adamantium-enhanced arms which she uses to constrain or crush her opponents. Her first appearance was as part of the Serpent Squad, when they tried to retrieve the Serpent Crown only to be thwarted by Thing, Stingray and Triton. She later became a core member of Sidewinder's Serpent Squad and remained a member when they became the Serpent Society.

In 2020, Anaconda was ranked as CBR's 5th best female Marvel supervillain.

Serpent Society
The Serpent Society is an organization of snake-themed supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The society is a continuation of the original group the Serpent Squad and was later changed into Serpent Solutions. The Serpent Society first appeared in Captain America #310 (October 1985) and was created by writer Mark Gruenwald and artist Paul Neary. Serpent Solutions first appeared in Captain America: Sam Wilson #1 by writer Nick Spencer and artist Daniel Acuña.

The Serpent Society have appeared in various media outside comics, including the animated series The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes and Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers and the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Captain America: Brave New World.
Wald's equation
In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities. In its simplest form, it relates the expectation of a sum of randomly many finite-mean, independent and identically distributed random variables to the expected number of terms in the sum and the random variables' common expectation under the condition that the number of terms in the sum is independent of the summands.

The equation is named after the mathematician Abraham Wald. An identity for the second moment is given by the Blackwell–Girshick equation.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Stenness
Stenness (pronounced /ˈstɛnɪs/) (Old Norse: Steinnes; Norn: Stennes) is a village and parish on the Orkney Mainland in Scotland. It is part of Orkney Islands Council. It contains several notable prehistoric monuments including the Standing Stones of Stenness and the Ring of Brodgar. The parish lies amid fertile farmland typical of Orkney and the economy is based on agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and renewable energy.

Mainland, Orkney
The Mainland, also known as Pomona, is the main island of Orkney, Scotland. Both of Orkney's burghs, Kirkwall and Stromness, lie on the island, which is also the heart of Orkney's ferry and air connections.

Seventy-five per cent of Orkney's population live on the island, which is more densely populated than the other islands of the archipelago. The lengthy history of the island's occupation has provided numerous important archaeological sites and the sandstone bedrock provides a platform for fertile farmland. There is an abundance of wildlife, especially seabirds.
Rock Creek USD 323
Rock Creek USD 323 is a public unified school district headquartered in St. George, Kansas, United States.  The district includes the communities of St George, Westmoreland, Blaine, Flush, and nearby rural areas.

St. George, Kansas
St. George or Saint George is a city in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,054.  The name might have been intended to honor several pioneer settlers named George.
Fidelidade
Fidelidade is a Portuguese insurance company that was established in the early 19th century and is headquartered in Lisbon. It is a subsidiary of Fosun International. Portuguese leader in the domestic market, the company focuses on providing life and non-life products for both individuals and companies.

Distinguished for years as the insurance brand the Portuguese trust the most, the insurer has adopted a multi-channel strategy in the distribution of its products. Besides Portugal, it has an international network present in Cape Verde, Angola, France, Mozambique, Macau and Spain.

Fosun International
Fosun International Limited is a Chinese multinational conglomerate holding company. Founded in 1992 by Guo Guangchang and four others, the company is headquartered in Shanghai and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 2004. Its Co-CEOs are Chen Qiyu and Xu Xiaoliang. Wang Qunbin joined Guo Guangchang as co-chairman in early 2020. The company is located in over 35 countries and is one of the largest privately owned conglomerates in China. It was ranked 371st on the Forbes Global 2000 ranking in 2020.
Grantstand
Grantstand is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label in 1962. Green is heard in a quartet with saxophonist Yusef Lateef, organist Jack McDuff, and drummer Al Harewood. The CD reissue released in 1987 features one bonus track from the same session.

Jack McDuff
Eugene McDuffy (September 17, 1926 – January 23, 2001), known professionally as "Brother" Jack McDuff or "Captain" Jack McDuff, was an American jazz organist and organ trio bandleader. He was most prominent during the hard bop and soul jazz era of the 1960s, often performing with an organ trio. He is also credited with giving guitarist George Benson his first break.
Julian Oktawian Zachariewicz-Lwigród
Julian Oktawian Zachariewicz-Lwigród (17 July 1837 – 27 December 1898), commonly referred to as Julian Zachariewicz, was a Polish architect and renovator of Armenian descent. Zachariewicz was a graduate of the Royal Polytechnic Institute in Vienna, and a professor and rector (1881–1882) of the Lemberg Polytechnic. Father of architect Alfred Zachariewicz and intellectual Julian Edwin Zachariewicz.

Lviv Polytechnic
The Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukrainian: Національний університет «Львівська політехніка») is a public university in Lviv, Ukraine, founded in 1816. According to the Times Higher Education, as of 2024, it ranks first as a technical institution of higher education and second among all institutions of higher education after Sumy State University in Ukraine. Lviv Polytechnic is also the largest educational institution in Ukraine by the number of students and one of the largest by the number of faculties and departments.

Lviv Polytechnic National University is one of the top public universities in Lviv, Ukraine. It is ranked #1001-1200 in QS World University Rankings 2026.
Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 904,200. Its capital is Nalchik. The area contains the highest mountain in Europe,  Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 m (18,510 ft). Mount Elbrus has 22 glaciers that feed three rivers — Baksan, Malka and Kuban. The mountain is covered with snow year-round.

Baksan (river)
The Baksan (/bɑːkˈsɑːn/) is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia. It flows east northeast and joins the Malka just before that river joins the northwest bend of the Terek. The Baksan is 169 kilometres (105 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 6,800 square kilometres (2,600 sq mi).
George Bannatyne
George Bannatyne (1545–1608), a native of Angus, Scotland, was an Edinburgh merchant and burgess. He was the seventh of twenty-three children, including Catherine Bannatyne, born of James Bannatyne of Kirktown of Newtyle in Forfarshire and Katherine Tailefer.  He is most famous as a collector of Scottish poems. He compiled an anthology of Scots poetry while in isolation during a plague in 1568. His work extended to eight hundred folio pages, divided into five parts. The anthology includes works from Scottish Chaucerians as well as many anonymous writers.

Bannatyne Manuscript
The Bannatyne Manuscript is an anthology of literature compiled in Scotland in the sixteenth century. It is an important source for the Scots poetry of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The manuscript contains texts of the poems of the great makars, many anonymous Scots pieces and works by medieval English poets.
Pasir Laba Camp
Pasir Laba Camp (IPA: /ˈpɑːseɪ ˌlɑːbɑː/ PAH-say LAH-bah) is a military base of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) located in Western Water Catchment, Singapore. It is home to the Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute, where specialists (non-commissioned officers) and warrant officers are trained. There are other SAF training centres and units based in Pasir Laba Camp as well. Along with Sungei Gedong Camp in Lim Chu Kang, Pasir Laba Camp is one of two military bases in Singapore which control access to the SAFTI Live Firing Area in Western Water Catchment.

Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute
The Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute (SWI, Chinese: 士官与准尉学院, Malay: Institut Pakar Dan Pegawai Waran, Tamil: நிபுணதது் வ, வாரண் ட் அதிகாரி கழகை்) is the military training centre for warrant officers, specialists (non-commissioned officers) and military experts of the Singapore Armed Forces. Located at Pasir Laba Camp in the Western Water Catchment, it is made up of five schools: the SAFWOS Leadership School (SAFWOS), the Specialist and Warrant Officer Advanced School (SWAS), and three Specialist Cadet Schools.
Millingstone Horizon
Millingstone Horizon is an archaeological period of Native American dominance denoting a period in California, United States involving extensive use of manos and other grinding technology.  The interval is a subset of the Archaic Period; specifically Millingstone is usually applied to the period 6500 to 1500 BCE.  Alternatively this epoch within North America is known as the Encinitas Tradition. Archaeological recovery from a number of sites in California has yielded evidence of Native American habitation and daily life in this period that ended around 3,500 years ago.

Chumash people
The Chumash are a Native American people of the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now Kern, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties, extending from Morro Bay in the north to Malibu in the south to Mount Pinos in the east. Their territory includes three of the Channel Islands: Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel; the smaller island of Anacapa was likely inhabited seasonally due to the lack of a consistent water source.

Modern place names with Chumash origins include Malibu, Nipomo, Lompoc, Ojai, Pismo Beach, Point Mugu, Port Hueneme, Piru, Lake Castaic, Saticoy, Simi Valley, and Somis. Archaeological research shows that the Chumash people have deep roots in the Santa Barbara Channel area and have lived along the southern California coast for millennia.