hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1960 South African republic referendum
A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. The Afrikaner-dominated right-wing National Party, which had come to power in 1948, was avowedly republican and regarded the position of Queen Elizabeth II as the South African monarch as a relic of British imperialism. The National Party government subsequently organised the referendum on whether the then Union of South Africa should become a republic. The vote, which was restricted to whites—the first such national election in the union—was narrowly approved by 52.29% of the voters. The Republic of South Africa was constituted on 31 May 1961.

South African Constitution of 1961
The Constitution of 1961 (formally the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961) was the fundamental law of South Africa for two decades. Under the terms of the constitution South Africa ceased to be a Commonwealth realm and became a republic, albeit, temporarily, outside the Commonwealth of Nations from 1961 to 1994.

Legally, the Union of South Africa, which had existed since 1910, came to an end and was re-established as the "Republic of South Africa".
Red Ryan (comics)
Matthew "Red" Ryan is a fictional character and member of the  adventure team Challengers of the Unknown, published by DC Comics. He was created by Jack Kirby, and debuted in Showcase #6 (February 1957).

In 1967, the character was killed in a story called "Taps for Red" (Challengers of the Unknown #55, April 1967), but his death was undone after six issues.

Challengers of the Unknown
The Challengers of the Unknown is a fictional group of adventurers appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. The quartet of adventurers explored paranormal occurrences while facing several fantastic menaces.

The characters' provenance is uncertain. Various sources credit the group as the sole creation of artist and storyteller Jack Kirby, a co-creation with writer Dave Wood or a co-creation with Kirby's former partner Joe Simon. Following the end of the Challengers comic, DC has revived the characters in different incarnations over the years.

Some have claimed that Kirby reworked the basic concept of the series with Stan Lee in 1961 to create The Fantastic Four, the first creation that marked the rise of Marvel Comics.
Orest Soltykevych
Orest Soltykevych (Ukrainian: Орест Солтикевич; born 1958) is a Ukrainian-Canadian conductor, formerly conducting the Ukrainian Male Chorus of Edmonton and the Verkhovyna Ukrainian Choir. Orest is also a radio program announcer and producer at the CKUA Radio Network. Orest is the son of Roman Soltykewych.

Roman Soltykewych
Roman Soltykewych (Ukrainian: Роман Солтикевич; February 4, 1909 – November 17, 1976) was a Ukrainian-Canadian conductor of the Ukrainian Dnipro Ensemble of Edmonton and the father of Orest Soltykevych.

Soltykewych was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the town of Ulucz, located in what is now Poland in the area known as Lemkivshchyna. He went to primary school in Ulucz before travelling to Przemyśl for middle school. Soltykewych continued his studies at the Musical Institute of Mykola Lysenko in Lviv, Ukraine. After the Second World War, Soltykewych travelled through Austria to France before emigrating to Edmonton, Canada. Soltykewych maintained friendships with writers, poets, artists, cultural and public figures, and was well acquainted with Ivan Franko, a famous Ukrainian poet.
Advanced Tactical Laser
The Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) program was a US military program to mount a high energy laser weapon on an aircraft, initially the AC-130 gunship, for use against ground targets in urban or other areas where minimizing collateral damage is important.  The laser was a 100 kilowatt-class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL).  It was expected to have a tactical range of approximately twenty kilometres  and weigh about 5,000–7,000 kg. This program is distinct from the Airborne Laser, which was a much larger system designed to destroy enemy missiles in the boost phase.

Boeing YAL-1
The Boeing YAL-1 airborne laser testbed was a modified Boeing 747-400F with a megawatt-class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) mounted inside. It was primarily designed to test its feasibility as a missile defense system to destroy tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs) while in boost phase. The aircraft was designated YAL-1A in 2004 by the U.S. Department of Defense.

The YAL-1 with a low-power laser was test-fired in flight at an airborne target in 2007.  A high-energy laser was used to intercept a test target in January 2010, and the following month, successfully destroyed two test missiles. Funding for the program was cut in 2010 and the program was canceled in December 2011. It made its final flight on February 14, 2012, to Davis–Monthan Air Force Base near Tucson, Arizona, to be kept in storage at the "boneyard" operated by the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group. It was ultimately scrapped in September 2014 after all usable parts were removed.
British Rail Class 170
The British Rail Class 170 Turbostar is a British diesel-hydraulic multiple unit passenger train designed and built by Adtranz, and later by Bombardier Transportation, at Derby Litchurch Lane Works.

The Class 170 was derived from the British Rail Class 165 and 166 DMUs, known as the Networker Turbos, of the 1990s. The first units were introduced to service in May 1999, shortly after the privatisation of British Rail; they have been commonly used to operate regional as well as long-distance services, and to a lesser extent suburban services. A total of 139 units were built, but some were later converted to Class 168 and Class 171 units. These trains are currently in use with CrossCountry, East Midlands Railway, Northern Trains and ScotRail.

British Rail Class 171
The British Rail Class 171 Turbostar is a type of diesel-hydraulic multiple unit passenger train built by Bombardier Transportation at Derby Litchurch Lane Works in England. It is identical to the Class 170, except for the replacement of the BSI coupler with a Dellner coupler. This provision was made to allow emergency joining with Class 377 DC third-rail electric units, which Southern runs extensively on most lines. The units work on the southern regions of the British railway system, operating services from London Bridge to Uckfield and from Eastbourne to Ashford International, these routes being unelectrified between Hurst Green Junction and Uckfield and between Ore and Ashford International, respectively.

The fleet is operated by Govia Thameslink Railway on Southern services.
Dubat
Dubat (Wadaad's Somali :,دُوب عد); Arabic:العمائم البيضاء ); ḍubbāṭ: Italian: "turbanti bianchi", English: White turban) was the designation for members of the semi-regular armed bands employed by the Italian Royal Corps of Colonial Troops in Italian Somaliland from 1924 to 1941. The word dubat was derived from a Somali phrase meaning "white turban".

Bands (Italian Army irregulars)
Bands (Italian: Bande) was an Italian military term for irregular forces, composed of natives, with Italian officers and NCOs in command. These units were employed by the Italian Army as auxiliaries to the regular national and  colonial military forces. They were also known to the British colonial forces as "armed Bands".
Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (28 September 1636 – 6 August 1689), was Duchess consort of Brunswick-Lüneburg by marriage to Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, the "Great Elector".

Frederick William, the Great Elector
Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector" (der Große Kurfürst) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting up Prussia for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor.
National Register of Historic Places listings in West Side Chicago
There are 77 sites in the National Register of Historic Places listings in West Side, Chicago, out of more than 350 listings in the City of Chicago. The West Side is defined for this article as the area north of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, south of Fullerton Avenue, west of the Chicago River and east of the western city limits. One site, Logan Square Boulevards Historic District, spans a border and is included also in listings on the North Side. The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal Historic District extends through Cook County west of Chicago, DuPage County and Will County to Lockport.

National Register of Historic Places listings in North Side Chicago
There are 100 sites in the National Register of Historic Places listings in North Side Chicago — of more than 350 listings within the City of Chicago, in Cook County, Illinois.

The North Side is defined for this article as the area west of Lake Michigan, north of North Avenue (1600 N.), and east of the Chicago River — plus the area north of Fullerton Avenue going west of the River and north to the Chicago city limits.
Corridor Plan for Perth
The 1970 Corridor Plan for Perth provided a strategic framework for planning the growth of the Perth metropolitan area, in Western Australia. The plan superseded the 1955 Plan for the Metropolitan Region and established the principles on which the Metropolitan Regional Planning Authority would consider amendments to the Metropolitan Region Scheme. In contrast to the earlier plan, the Corridor Plan was not a detailed spatial plan of the entire metropolitan area. Instead it was intended to provide a policy framework for the detailed structure planning of each of the four proposed corridors. Initially it was controversial; the government of the day instigated both an independent review and an Honorary Royal Commission into the plan before adopting a modified version. A second review of the plan was completed in 1987, followed by the preparation and adoption of the 1990 Metroplan.

Plan for the Metropolitan Region, Perth and Fremantle
The 1955 Plan for the Metropolitan Region, Perth and Fremantle (also known as the Stephenson, or Stephenson-Hepburn Report) was prepared for the Government of Western Australia by Gordon Stephenson and Alistair Hepburn. The plan was the first regional plan for Perth, and provided the basis for land use zoning under the Metropolitan Region Scheme. Even though not every recommendation of the report was adopted it is considered to have provided the underlying template for the modern development of Perth. The plan was superseded by the Corridor Plan for Perth in 1970.
April Fool's Day (2008 film)
April Fool's Day is a 2008 American direct-to-video slasher film that is a remake of the 1986 film of the same name. It is directed by The Butcher Brothers, also known as Mitchell Altieri and Phil Flores. April Fool's Day is described by star Scout Taylor-Compton as "Mean Girls crossed with horror", and was released straight to DVD on March 25, 2008. The film received negative reviews from critics and fans.

April Fool's Day (1986 film)
April Fool's Day is a 1986 American black comedy mystery slasher film directed by Fred Walton, produced by Frank Mancuso Jr., and starring Thomas F. Wilson, Deborah Foreman, Griffin O'Neal, Amy Steel, Ken Olandt, Deborah Goodrich, and Leah Pinsent. The plot follows a group of college students vacationing during April Fool's Day weekend on an island estate, which is infiltrated by an unknown assailant.

Filmed in British Columbia in 1985, April Fool's Day was released in late March 1986 through Paramount Pictures in conjunction with the April 1 holiday. It received varied responses from film critics, with some commending it for its non-gratuitous violence and plot twists, while others lambasted it for its surprise ending. A remake of the film was released direct-to-video in 2008.
Rosevear
Rosevear (Cornish: Ros Veur "great promontory") is the largest (0.63 hectares (1.6 acres)) of the group of rocks known as the Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly. The islands are on the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean on the south-west approaches to the island of Great Britain and are renowned for the numerous shipwrecks in the area and the nearby Bishop Rock lighthouse. All the uninhabited islands are owned by the Duchy of Cornwall and are managed by the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust, which looks after the archaeological and historical remains on the islands, as well as the flora and fauna. Landing is not allowed on the island.

Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly
The Western Rocks (Cornish: Karregi Gorlewen) are a group of uninhabited skerries and rocks in the south-western part of the Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom, and are renowned for the numerous shipwrecks in the area and the nearby Bishop Rock lighthouse. In 1971, the rocks and islands were designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for their breeding sea birds. Landing on the islands is both difficult and discouraged and there are few published records of visits by naturalists.
Helen Pai
Helen Pai is an American television writer, director, and producer.

Pai works at Dorothy Parker Drank Here Productions, founded by close friend Amy Sherman-Palladino, and was co-producer of the television series Gilmore Girls and Bunheads. She was an associate producer on SMILF. Sherman-Paladino loosely modeled Gilmore Girls character Lane Kim after Pai.

Amy Sherman-Palladino
Amy Sherman-Palladino (born January 17, 1966) is an American television writer, director, and producer. She is the creator of the comedy drama series Gilmore Girls (2000–2007), Bunheads (2012–2013), and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (2017–2023).

Sherman-Palladino has received 6 Primetime Emmy Awards for her work, including Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, and Outstanding Music Supervision, all for The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. She made history when she became the first woman to win in the comedy writing and directing categories the same year at the Primetime Emmy Awards. In 2019, she received the Norman Lear Achievement Award in Television from the Producers Guild of America.

Sherman-Palladino is the founder of Dorothy Parker Drank Here Productions. She is known for her trademark rapid-fire dialogue, which is often full of pop culture references, and as well for her preferred master shot filming style.
Tell Agrab
Tell Agrab (or Aqrab) is a tell or settlement mound 12.6 miles (20.3 km) southeast of Eshnunna in the Diyala region of Iraq. It is about 15 miles southeast of Tell Asmar, ancient Eshnunna. It has been suggested that the ancient name of the site was PA.GAR.

Eshnunna
Eshnunna (Ešnunna, also Ašnunna, Išnun, Ašnun, Ašnunnak, and Ešnunak.) (modern Tell Asmar in Diyala Governorate, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian (and later Akkadian) city and city-state in central Mesopotamia 12.6 miles northwest of Tell Agrab and 15 miles northwest of Tell Ishchali. Although situated in the Diyala Valley northwest of Sumer proper, the city nonetheless belonged securely within the Sumerian cultural milieu. It is sometimes, in very early archaeological papers, called Ashnunnak or Tupliaš.

The tutelary deity of the city was Tishpak (Tišpak) though other gods, including Sin, Adad, and Inanna of Kiti (Kitītum) were also worshiped there. The personal goddesses of the rulers were Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban.
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Sati Das (Punjabi: ਭਾਈ ਸਤੀ ਦਾਸ; died 11 November 1675) along with his elder brother Bhai Mati Das were martyrs of early Sikh history. Bhai Sati Das, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Dyal Das were all executed at kotwali (police-station) in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi, under the express orders of emperor Aurangzeb just prior to the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bhai Sati Das was executed by the means of being wrapped in cotton wool soaked in oil and set on fire.

Bhai Dayala
Bhai Dayala (Gurmukhi: ਭਾਈ ਦਿਆਲਾ ਜੀ), also known as Bhai Dayal Das, was an early martyr of Sikhism. He was boiled alongside his Sikh companions Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das and the Ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur.
St Leonard's Church, Aldrington
St Leonard's Church is an Anglican church in Hove, in the English city of Brighton and Hove.  It is on New Church Road in the Aldrington area of Hove, which was previously a separate village, and it serves as Aldrington's parish church. The church was on Church Road but now stands on New Church Road, renamed in reference to the other church (St Philip's) which was started in 1894 as a chapel of ease.
The interior of the church was refurbished between 2021 and 2023 as part of a £1.1 million project. Regular activities at the church include traditional and contemporary Sunday services at 0900 and 1100 respectively, along with groups through the week such Little Lions, a Community Cafe, St Leonard's Business Connections and Alpha.

St Philip's Church, Hove
St Philip's Church is a Church of England parish church in Hove, in the city of Brighton and Hove, England. It was opened in 1895 and consecrated in 1898 on New Church Road, near Aldrington's parish church of St Leonard's. It is a Grade II listed building. It was closed in October 2023.
Indiana State Road 127
State Road 127 (SR 127) is a short north–south highway in northeast corner of the U.S. state of Indiana between U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in Angola, Indiana and SR 120. Its present length was formerly a part of old US 27, whose designation was moved to the new Interstate 69 (I–69) when the freeway was completed in northern Indiana in 1967.

SR 127 is in fact a "child" of US 27; however, Indiana decommissioned all of US 27 north of Fort Wayne, so SR 127 no longer connects with US 27 anywhere. It functions in part to connect SR 120 to I–69 and, south of its interchange with I–69, it provides a local thoroughfare into Angola.  The last several miles of SR 127 north of Angola's town square are crowded with fast-food franchises and other national chains.

SR 127 also provides access, through the very short SR 727, to Pokagon State Park.

Indiana State Road 727
Indiana State Road 727 (SR 727) is a very short east–west state highway in Indiana, lying entirely within Steuben County.  The route is a spur off of SR 127 that serves Pokagon State Park.  The western terminus of SR 727 is at the main entrance into Pokagon State Park and its eastern terminus is at SR 127 two miles south of SR 120, immediately northwest of the SR 127 interchange off of I-69.
Bruce Jessen
John Bruce Jessen (born July 28, 1949) is an American psychologist who, with James Elmer Mitchell, created the so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques" that were used in the interrogation and torture of CIA detainees and outlined in the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence's report on CIA torture. In that report, he was mentioned under the pseudonym "Hammond Dunbar." His company, Mitchell Jessen and Associates, earned  US$81 million for its work.

James Elmer Mitchell
James Elmer Mitchell (born 1952) is an American psychologist and former member of the United States Air Force. From 2002, after his retirement from the military, to 2009, his company Mitchell Jessen and Associates received $81 million on contract from the CIA to carry out the interrogation of high value detainees, referred to as "enhanced interrogation techniques".
New York State Route 218
New York State Route 218 (NY 218) is a state highway located within Orange County, New York, in the United States. It loops off U.S. Route 9W to run closer to the Hudson River between Highland Falls and Cornwall-on-Hudson. North of Highland Falls, it is briefly concurrent with US 9W.

NY 218 sees much traffic despite its short length. Not only does it bring most of the United States Military Academy's traffic to Thayer Gate, its main entrance, it attracts many who drive it just for the sake of its most renowned portion: the cliffside drive alongside Storm King Mountain. In good weather during the summer months, many cars can be seen taking in the views of the river and the Hudson Highlands here (however, this section can be gated off and closed in times of high rockslide danger).

U.S. Route 9W
U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the states of New Jersey and New York. It begins in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as Fletcher Avenue crosses the US 1/9, US 46, and Interstate 95 (I-95) approaches to the George Washington Bridge, and heads north up the west side of the Hudson River to US 9 in Albany, New York. As its "W" suffix indicates, US 9W is a westerly alternate route of US 9 between the two locations. US 9W directly serves three cities—Newburgh, Kingston, and Albany—and enters the vicinity of several others. As the route heads north, it connects to several highways of regional importance, including I-84, US 209, New York State Route 23 (NY 23), and US 20. Much of US 9W parallels the New York State Thruway and NY 32; additionally, the latter overlaps with US 9W in four locations.
Heterosteus
Heterosteus (also known as Heterostius) is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in Europe and Greenland. According to Denison, 1978, Heterosteus might have been planktivorous, along with Homosteus, and Titanichthys.

Heterosteidae
Heterosteidae (also known as Heterostiidae) is an extinct family of moderately large to giant, flattened, benthic arthrodire placoderms with distinctive, flattened, triangular skulls that are extremely broad posteriorly, but become very narrow anteriorly.

Heterosteidae belongs to the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea, a relative of the giant Dunkleosteus, as shown in the cladogram below:
Jagersfontein Mine
Jagersfontein Mine /ˌjeɪɡərzˈfɒnteɪn/ was an open-pit mine in South Africa, located close to the town of Jagersfontein and about 110 kilometres (68 miles) south-west of Bloemfontein. Since it was first established, two of the ten biggest diamonds ever discovered, the Excelsior and the Reitz (now called the Jubilee), were mined from Jagersfontein. The term "Jagers" has since been coined to denote the distinctive faint bluish tint of the gems from this mine. Among geologists, Jagersfontein is known as a kimberlite pipe, and a prime locality for mantle xenoliths, some of which are believed to have come from depths of 300–500 km (190–310 mi).

It is the biggest hand-excavated hole in the world at 19.65 hectares (48.6 acres), slightly larger than the Big Hole of 17 ha (42 acres) in Kimberley, which had previously claimed the title.

Big Hole
The Kimberley Mine or Tim Kuilmine (Afrikaans: Groot Gat, lit. 'Big Hole') is an open-pit and underground mine in Kimberley, South Africa. It has been considered the deepest hole excavated by hand, contending the title with Jagersfontein Mine.