hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spode Museum
The Spode Museum is based in Stoke-on-Trent, England, where Josiah Spode, known for his role in the Industrial Revolution, established his pottery business in 1774. The Spode Museum collection includes a ceramics collection representing 200 years of Spode manufacture, ranging from spectacular pieces made for Royalty, the Great Exhibitions and the very rich to simple domestic wares.

Josiah Spode
Josiah Spode (23 March 1733 – 18 August 1797) was an English potter and the founder of the English Spode pottery works which became famous for the high quality of its wares. He is often credited with the establishment of blue underglaze transfer printing in Staffordshire in 1781–84, and with the definition and introduction in c. 1789–91 of the improved formula for bone china (a form of soft-paste porcelain) which thereafter remained the standard for all English wares of this kind.
Francis Greenway Correctional Complex
Francis Greenway Correctional Complex, formerly John Morony Correctional Complex is an Australian minimum security prison complex for males and females located in Berkshire Park, 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Windsor in New South Wales, Australia. The complex is operated by Corrective Services NSW, an agency of the Department of Communities and Justice, of the Government of New South Wales.

The complex comprises three separate correctional facilities, two for men and one for women: the John Morony Correctional Centre; the Geoffrey Pearce Correctional Centre (formerly Outer Metropolitan Multi Purpose Correctional Centre); and Dillwynia Correctional Centre.

Dillwynia Correctional Centre
Dillwynia Correctional Centre is a prison for women located on the grounds of the Francis Greenway Correctional Complex in Berkshire Park, a suburb of Sydney, Australia. The centre is operated by the Corrective Services division of the New South Wales Department of Communities and Justice, and holds inmates sentenced under State or Australian criminal law.

The centre opened in 2003 and takes its name from Dillwynia, a genus of Australian flower, some species of which are native to Western Sydney.

Dillwynia accommodates both minimum- and medium-security inmates.
Prodigiosin
Prodigiosin is a red dye produced by many strains of the bacterium Serratia marcescens, as well as other Gram-negative, gamma proteobacteria such as Vibrio psychroerythrus and Hahella chejuensis. It is responsible for the pink tint occasionally found in grime that accumulates on porcelain surfaces such as bathtubs, sinks, tiles and toilet bowls. It is in the prodiginine family of compounds which are produced in some Gram-negative gamma proteobacteria, as well as select Gram-positive Actinobacteria (e.g. Streptomyces coelicolor). The name prodigiosin is derived from prodigious (i.e. something marvelous).

Prodiginines
The prodiginines are a family of red tripyrrole dyestuffs produced by Gammaproteobacteria (e.g. Serratia marcescens)  as well as some Actinomycetota (e.g. Streptomyces coelicolor). The group is named after prodigiosin (prodiginine) and is biosynthesized through a common set of enzymes. They are interesting due to their history and their varied biological activity.
GNU Units
Free and open-source software portal

GNU Units is a cross-platform computer program for conversion of units of quantities. It has a database of measurement units, including esoteric and historical units. This for instance allows conversion of velocities specified in furlongs per fortnight, and pressures specified in tons per acre. Output units are checked for consistency with the input, allowing verification of conversion of complex expressions.

Conversion of units
Conversion of units is the conversion of the unit of measurement in which a quantity is expressed, typically through a multiplicative conversion factor that changes the unit without changing the quantity. This is also often loosely taken to include replacement of a quantity with a corresponding quantity that describes the same physical property.

Unit conversion is often easier within a metric system such as the SI than in others, due to the system's coherence and its metric prefixes that act as power-of-10 multipliers.
Marcus Ashcroft Medal
The Marcus Ashcroft Medal is awarded to the player judged best on ground in the QClash football match played between  Brisbane and Gold Coast.

It is named after former footballer Marcus Ashcroft, who played junior football on the Gold Coast for Surfers Paradise and Southport as well as 318 games for the Brisbane Bears/Lions between 1989 and 2003. He was both an integral member of Brisbane's triple premiership team and the first Queenslander to play 300 AFL games. He is also a member of Queensland's AFL Team of the Century. His son, Will Ashcroft, won the medal on May 4, 2025 in QClash 28.

Current Gold Coast player Touk Miller has won the medal a record four times, whilst former Brisbane Lions' captain Dayne Beams has won the medal three times and Jarryd Lyons, Gary Ablett Jr and Lachie Neale have won the medal twice.

The first QClash final took place in the semi-finals of 2025. The medal was not awarded on this occasion.

QClash
The QClash is the Australian rules football derby between the two Queensland-based teams in the Australian Football League (AFL), the Brisbane Lions and Gold Coast Suns. The derby has been staged, usually twice-annually, since 2011, when Gold Coast defeated Brisbane in the inaugural match, which attracted a then-record pay-tv viewership. As of 2025 the Lions have been the dominant side in the rivalry, winning 22 matches to the Suns' 8.

Various nicknames for the QClash have entered mainstream usage, including the Pineapple Grapple, Banana Bash, and Sunshine Stoush.
Oval tube station
Oval is a London Underground station in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is on the Northern line between Kennington and Stockwell stations, and is in London fare zone 2. The station opened on 18 December 1890 as part of the City and South London Railway and is named after The Oval cricket ground, recognised as the first international cricket ground and home of Surrey County Cricket Club, which it serves.

The station features cricket-themed decorative elements, including murals, statues and banners. Due to the range of sporting events held at the Oval, the station is used by visitors from the United Kingdom and abroad, particularly during cricket matches.

Stockwell tube station
Stockwell is a London Underground station in Stockwell in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is served by the Northern and Victoria lines, and is in London fare zone 2. On the Northern line, the station is between Oval and Clapham North stations. On the Victoria line, it is between Brixton and Vauxhall stations.

The station opened on 4 November 1890 as the southern terminus of the City and South London Railway, the first successful deep-level tube in London. The Victoria interchange opened on 23 July 1971 when that line was extended south from Victoria towards Brixton. The station is known for its World War II air-raid shelters, and for being the location of the shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes.
Suite in Three Keys
Suite in Three Keys is a trilogy of plays by Noël Coward. It comprises two short plays – Shadows of the Evening and Come Into the Garden, Maud – designed to be given as a double bill, and a stand-alone full-length play, A Song at Twilight. They are all set in the same suite in a luxury Swiss hotel and have a single character common to all three: the Italian waiter. The other characters are British, American and German hotel guests or visitors.

The trilogy was first presented in London in 1966, starring Coward, Lilli Palmer and Irene Worth.

Shadows of the Evening
Shadows of the Evening is a short play in two scenes, which together with A Song at Twilight and Come into the Garden, Maud forms a trilogy by Noël Coward known collectively as Suite in Three Keys, all set in the same luxury suite of a Swiss hotel. Shadows of the Evening is the most serious of the three in tone and theme. It depicts the relationship of a terminally ill man with his mistress and his estranged wife.

The play was premiered in London in 1966 starring Coward, Lilli Palmer and Irene Worth. It ran in a limited season for 60 performances. It received less praise from the press than the other two pieces in the trilogy, and was omitted when they had their Broadway premieres in 1974.
General linear methods
General linear methods (GLMs) are a large class of numerical methods used to obtain numerical solutions to ordinary differential equations. They include multistage Runge–Kutta methods that use intermediate collocation points, as well as linear multistep methods that save a finite time history of the solution. John C. Butcher originally coined this term for these methods and has written a series of review papers,
a book chapter,
and a textbook
on the topic. His collaborator, Zdzislaw Jackiewicz also has an extensive textbook on the topic. The original class of methods were originally proposed by Butcher (1965), Gear (1965) and Gragg and Stetter (1964).

Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term can also refer to the computation of integrals.

Many differential equations cannot be solved exactly. For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation. An alternative method is to use techniques from calculus to obtain a series expansion of the solution.

Ordinary differential equations occur in many scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation, which must then be solved.
SWEB Energy
SWEB Energy, formerly South Western Electricity Board (SWEB) was a British state-owned regional electricity company operating in South West England which was privatised by the Thatcher government. Although sold many times, the 'SWEB' brand name survived until 2006.

The distribution network operator for the former SWEB area is now National Grid Electricity Distribution. The incumbent electricity retail company is EDF Energy.

EDF Energy
EDF Energy is a British integrated energy company, wholly owned by the French state-owned EDF (Électricité de France), with operations spanning electricity generation and the sale of natural gas and electricity to homes and businesses throughout the United Kingdom. It employs 11,717 people, and handles 5.22 million business and residential customer accounts.
Cottesloe, Western Australia
Cottesloe is a western suburb of Perth, Western Australia, within the Town of Cottesloe. Cottesloe was named for Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe, a prominent Tory politician and the brother of Admiral Sir Charles Fremantle, for whom the city of Fremantle was named. The nearby suburb of Swanbourne was named for the Fremantle family seat, Swanbourne House, in Swanbourne, Buckinghamshire.

Cottesloe was home to Australian Prime Minister John Curtin. The house he built still stands in Jarrad Street. It is now vested jointly in the National Trust of Australia (WA) and Curtin University.

Residence of John Curtin
John Curtin's house was the home of Prime Minister John Curtin in Cottesloe, Western Australia. Built in 1923, it was the Curtin family home until it was bought jointly by Western Australian Government and the Australian Government in 1998. The house is an interwar California bungalow design, designed by Curtin, and one of the first buildings built by Arnold Bullock, a prominent builder in the Cottesloe area during the late 1920s and 1930s.
London Underground 2024 Stock
The London Underground 2024 Stock, officially known as 2024 Tube Stock, and known during development as the New Tube for London (NTfL), is a type of London Underground rolling stock built by Siemens Mobility at its facilities in Goole, United Kingdom and Vienna, Austria. It is part of the Siemens Inspiro family of metro and rapid-transport trains.

An initial batch of 94 nine-car trains has been ordered at a cost of £1.5 billion to replace 1973 Stock trains on the Piccadilly line, with options for a total of 250 trains allowing replacement of all existing trains on the deep-level Central, Waterloo & City and Bakerloo lines. The first train was delivered for testing in London in October 2024. The trains are due to enter service between December 2026 and June 2027. The trains are planned to be operated by a train driver, with future potential for driverless operation.

Siemens Inspiro
The Siemens Inspiro is a family of electric multiple unit trains designed and manufactured by Siemens Mobility since 2012 for metro systems. The product was launched on 19 September 2012 at the InnoTrans in Berlin. The first Inspiro entered service with Warsaw Metro on 6 October 2013.
Liudmyla Denisova
Liudmyla Leontiivna Denisova (born 6 July 1960) is a Ukrainian politician. After twice serving as Minister of Social Policy of Ukraine, Denisova worked as Ombudsman for Human Rights in Ukraine from March 2018 to May 2022.

Ombudsman in Ukraine
Ombudsman in Ukraine (Ukrainian: Уповноважений/Уповноважена, romanized: Upovnovazhenyi/Upovnovazhena, lit. 'plenipotentiary') is an office of commissioned representative who performs functions of ombudsman. Besides the parliamentary ombudsman, there are several presidential commissioners.
Bussana
Bussana is an Italian hamlet (frazione) of the municipality of Sanremo in the Province of Imperia, Liguria. As of 2009, its population was 74. The original Bussana (now known as Bussana Vecchia, or Old Bussana) was partly destroyed and abandoned after an earthquake in 1887. The residents founded a new settlement, which is sometimes known as Bussana Nuova (New Bussana).

Bussana Vecchia
Bussana Vecchia is a former ghost town in Liguria, Italy. Abandoned due to an earthquake in 1887, it was renovated and repopulated by an international community of artists in the early 1960s. It is administratively a hamlet (frazione) of the city of Sanremo, near the border with France. To this day, it is home to a small group of local inhabitants as well as international artists, with craft shops, cafes, and restaurants, and has over the years gained the reputation of a rural artists' residence within the setting of a medieval village.
Politics of Jordan
The politics of Jordan take place in a framework of a parliamentary monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Jordan is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy based on the constitution promulgated on January 8, 1952. The king exercises his power through the government he appoints which is responsible before the Parliament. In contrast to most parliamentary monarchies, the monarchy of Jordan is not ceremonial, with the King having significant influence over the affairs of the country.

King Abdullah II of Jordan has been sovereign since the death of his father, King Hussein, in 1999. Jafar Hassan has been prime minister since 15 September 2024.

Parliament of Jordan
The Parliament of Jordan (Arabic: مجلس الأمة Majlis Al-Umma) is the bicameral Jordanian national assembly. Established by the 1952 Constitution, the legislature consists of two houses: the  Senate (Arabic: مجلس الأعيان Majlis Al-Aayan) and the House of Representatives (Arabic: مجلس النواب Majlis Al-Nuwaab).

The Senate has 69 members, all of whom are directly appointed by the king, while the House of Representatives has 138 elected members, with nine seats reserved for Christians, three for Chechen and Circassian minorities, and fifteen for women. The members of both houses serve for four-year terms.
Transjakarta Corridor 11
Transjakarta Corridor 11 is a bus rapid transit corridor in East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, operated by Transjakarta. It connects the Pulo Gebang Bus Terminal in Cakung, with the Kampung Melayu Bus Terminal in Jatinegara. The streets that passed by Corridor 11 are Sentra Primer Timur, Dr. Sumarno, Penggilingan, I Gusti Ngurah Rai, Bekasi Barat/Timur, and Jatinegara Barat/Timur streets. Starting from the Stasiun Jatinegara BRT station to the Penggilingan overpass, this corridor is adjacent and integrated with KRL Commuterline on the Cikarang Loop Line route via Jatinegara, Klender, Buaran, and Cakung stations.

Kampung Melayu (Transjakarta)
Kampung Melayu is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located below the K.H. Abdullah Syafei overpass, at the middle of the interchange between Abdullah Syafei, Oto Iskandar di Nata, and Jatinegara Barat/Timur streets in Kampung Melayu, Jatinegara, East Jakarta, Indonesia. This is the terminus and transit point between corridors 5, 7, and 11.

It stands on the former site of an open-air bus terminal for Kopaja, Metromini, and angkot/mikrolet routes. Since all those modes (except some angkot/mikrolet) ceased operating and converted into Transjakarta routes, the terminal currently serves Transjakarta's BRT and feeder services, as well as remaining mikrolet routes.
IPHWR
The IPHWR (Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) is a class of Indian pressurized heavy-water reactors designed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. The baseline 220 MWe design was developed from the CANDU based RAPS-1 and RAPS-2 reactors built at Rawatbhata, Rajasthan. Later the design was indigenised and scaled to 540 MWe and 700 MWe. Currently there are 19 units of various types operational at various locations in India (14 IPHWR-220, 2 IPHWR - 540 and 3 IPHWR-700) and 13 more IPHWR-700 reactors under construction/planned.

IPHWR-220
The IPHWR-220 (Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor-220) is an Indian pressurized heavy-water reactor designed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. It is a Generation II reactor developed from earlier CANDU based RAPS-1 and RAPS-2 reactors built at Rawatbhata, Rajasthan. It can generate 220 MW of electricity. Currently, there are 14 units operational at various locations in India.  It is being used as a base for designing the Bharat small modular reactor (BSMR), for captive use by companies.

The IPHWR design was later expanded into 540 MW and 700 MW designs, as well as the AHWR-300 design.
NCAA Division II women's cross country championships
The NCAA Division II women's cross country championships are contested at an annual meet hosted by the NCAA to determine the team and individual national champions of women's collegiate cross country running among its Division II members in the United States and Canada.

The championships have been held every November since the NCAA began sponsoring women's sports in 1981 and are now held at the same time and location as the NCAA Division II men's cross country championships.

Adams State have been the most successful program, with 21 national titles.

The defending national teams champions are Grand Valley State, who won their eighth national title in 2025.

Tristian Spence, representing Adams State, is the reigning individual champion.

NCAA Division II men's cross country championships
The NCAA Division II men's cross country championships (previously the NCAA College Division cross country championships, from 1958 to 1973) are contested at an annual meet organized by the NCAA to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running among its Division II members in the United States and Canada. It has been held every fall, usually in November, since breaking off from the NCAA University Division Men's Cross Country Championships in 1958.

Initially created for cross country programs from smaller universities and colleges, a third championship, the NCAA Division III men's cross country championships, split away in 1973 when the NCAA created its current three-division structure.

Adams State have been the most successful program, with 13 national titles.

The defending national teams champions are Wingate, who won their second national title in 2025.

Adams State's Kidus Begashaw is the reigning individual champion.
John Roll
John McCarthy Roll (February 8, 1947 – January 8, 2011) was a United States district judge who served on the United States District Court for the District of Arizona from 1991 until his murder in 2011, and as chief judge of that court from 2006 to 2011. With degrees from the University of Arizona College of Law and University of Virginia School of Law, Roll began his career as a court bailiff in Arizona and became an assistant city attorney of Tucson, Arizona in 1973. Later that year, Roll became a deputy county attorney for Pima County, Arizona until 1980, when he began serving as an Assistant United States Attorney for seven years. President George H. W. Bush appointed Roll to a federal judge seat in Arizona after Roll served four years as a state judge.

Roll was killed in the 2011 Tucson shooting while attending a constituent outreach event held by U.S. Representative Gabby Giffords in Casas Adobes, near Tucson, Arizona.

Casas Adobes, Arizona
Casas Adobes (Spanish: "Adobe Houses") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in the northern metropolitan area of Tucson, Arizona (in Pima County). The population was 66,795 at the 2010 census. Casas Adobes is situated south and southwest of the town of Oro Valley, and west of the community of Catalina Foothills.

The attempted assassination of Representative Gabby Giffords, and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll, and five other people on January 8, 2011, took place at a Safeway supermarket in Casas Adobes.
Codetermination in Germany
Codetermination in Germany is a concept that involves the right of workers to participate in management of the companies they work for. Known as Mitbestimmung, the modern law on codetermination is found principally in the Mitbestimmungsgesetz of 1976. The law allows workers to elect representatives (usually trade union representatives) for almost half of  the supervisory board of directors. The legislation is separate from the main German company law Act for public companies, the Aktiengesetz. It applies to public and private companies, so long as there are over 2,000 employees. For companies with 500–2,000 employees, one third of the supervisory board must be elected.

There is also legislation in Germany, known as the Betriebsverfassungsgesetz whereby workers are entitled to form Works Councils at the local shop floor level.

Works Constitution Act
The Works Constitution Act (German: Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, pronounced [bəˈtʁiːpsfɛɐ̯fasʊŋsɡəˌzɛt͡s] ⓘ), abbreviated BetrVG, is a German federal law governing the right of employees to form a works council.
Ykkönen
Ykkönen (Finnish for 'Number One'; Swedish: Ettan, previously I divisioona) is the third highest level of the Finnish football league system (after the Veikkausliiga and Ykkösliiga), managed by the Football Association of Finland. Until the end of 2023, Ykkönen was the second-highest level in Finland, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, it was dropped down one level in the league pyramid.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.