hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Needham–Schroeder protocol
The Needham–Schroeder protocol is one of the two key transport protocols intended for use over an insecure network, both proposed by Roger Needham and Michael Schroeder. These are:

The Needham–Schroeder Symmetric Key Protocol, based on a symmetric encryption algorithm. It forms the basis for the Kerberos protocol. This protocol aims to establish a session key between two parties on a network, typically to protect further communication.

The Needham–Schroeder Public-Key Protocol, based on public-key cryptography. This protocol is intended to provide mutual authentication between two parties communicating on a network, but in its proposed form is insecure.

Kerberos (protocol)
Kerberos (/ˈkɜːrbərɒs/) is a computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client–server model, and it provides mutual authentication—both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.

Kerberos builds on symmetric-key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication. Kerberos uses UDP port 88 by default.

The protocol was named after the character Cerberus, also spelled Kerberos, from Greek mythology, the ferocious three-headed guard dog of Hades.
Toy balloon
A toy balloon or party balloon is a small balloon mostly used for decoration, advertising and as a toy. Toy balloons are usually made of rubber or aluminized plastic and inflated with air or helium.  They come in a great variety of sizes and shapes but are most commonly 10 to 30 centimetres (3.9 to 11.8 in) in diameter. Toy balloons are not considered to include "sky lanterns" (hot-air paper balloons), although these too are or were used as child toys in some parts of the world.

Balloon
A balloon is a flexible membrane bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, or air. For special purposes, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light sources. Modern day balloons are made from materials such as rubber, latex, polychloroprene, or a nylon fabric, and can come in many different colors. Some early balloons were made of dried animal bladders, such as the pig bladder. Some balloons are used for decorative purposes or entertaining purposes, while others are used for practical purposes such as meteorology, medical treatment, military defense, or transportation. A balloon's properties, including its low density and low cost, have led to a wide range of applications.

The rubber balloon was invented by Michael Faraday in 1824, during experiments with various gases. He invented them for use in the lab.
DVB 3D-TV
DVB 3D-TV is a deprecated standard that partially came out at the end of 2010 which included techniques and procedures to send a three-dimensional video signal through actual DVB transmission standards (cable, terrestrial or satellite). There was a commercial requirement text for 3D TV broadcasters and set-top box manufacturers, but no technical information was in there.

3D television technology was already in its first steps regarding its standardization, the major 3D market was in theaters and Blu-ray Disc players with stereoscopic systems, but in the near future it could be extended to diffusion, and later free viewpoint television will come into our homes, which mean the need of new coding and transmission standards.

DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of international open standards for digital television. DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, an international industry consortium, and are published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
Hill Canyon
Hill Canyon is a deep canyon in the western Simi Hills and within northern Newbury Park and Thousand Oaks, in Ventura County, southern California.

The Arroyo Conejo Nature Preserve includes the central canyon area, and is part of the Conejo Canyons Open Space. It has trails connecting it to Santa Rosa Valley County Park at the canyon's mouth, to Wildwood Regional Park east of the canyon, and to Rancho Conejo Playfields southwest of the canyon.

Arroyo Conejo Open Space
Arroyo Conejo Open Space is a 302-acre (122 ha) open space reserve in the western Simi Hills in northern Newbury Park, Ventura County, California. Most of it is part of the 250-acre (100 ha) Arroyo Conejo Nature Preserve (sometimes shortened to the Arroyo Nature Preserve).
Branson micropolitan area
The Branson Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area in southwestern Missouri, anchored by the city of Branson, that is coterminous with Taney County. For the 2000 and 2010 censuses, the area was defined to also include Stone County, but the county was removed in the OMB statistical definitions released in 2023.

As of the 2020 census it had a population of 56,066.

Stone County, Missouri
36°44′N 93°28′W﻿ / ﻿36.74°N 93.47°W﻿ / 36.74; -93.47

Stone County is located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,076. Its county seat is Galena.

Stone County was part of the Branson micropolitan area until 2023.
Fyodor II of Ryazan
Fyodor Olgovich (Russian: Фёдор Ольгович), also known as Fyodor Olegovich (Russian: Фёдор Олегович), was Grand Prince of Ryazan from 1402 until his death in 1427. He was a son of Oleg II of Ryazan. Fyodor reigned during a period of unrest for the principality, fending off incursions from the Golden Horde. He was defeated and expelled from Ryazan by Ivan Vladimirovich, the prince of Pronsk, in 1408, but in turn defeated Ivan Vladimirovich at the Battle on the Smyadva (Russian: битва на Смядве) later the same year. The two later reconciled. He also agreed a peace treaty with Vasily I of Moscow, and married Vasily's sister Sofia, forming a peaceful relationship with the Grand Principality of Moscow. He was succeeded by his youngest son, Ivan.

Ivan III of Ryazan
Ivan III or Ivan Fyodorovich (Russian: Ива́н Фёдорович) was the Grand Prince of Ryazan (1427–1456) and younger son of Grand Prince Fyodor II of Ryazan. During his reign, he retained good diplomatic relationships with both the Grand Duchies of Lithuania and Moscow. He signed treaties with both Vytautas of Lithuania and Vasily II of Moscow, and sent his children to the court in Moscow for safety. Towards the end of his life, he took monastic vows and was succeeded by his eight-year-old son, Vasily.
Ghosts 'n Goblins
Ghosts 'n Goblins, known in Japan as Makaimura (Japanese: 魔界村; lit. "Demon World Village"), is a series of run-and-gun platform video games developed and owned by Capcom. The first entry in the series was Ghosts 'n Goblins, released in arcades on July 7, 1985. The series has subsequently been ported to and released on a variety of personal computers, game consoles and mobile platforms and spawned several sequels and spin-offs.

The main series focuses on the knight Arthur's quest to save princess Prin-Prin from the demon king Astaroth. The primary spin-offs include the Gargoyle's Quest and Maximo game series.

The series as a whole has sold over 4.7 million units as of December 31, 2025 and stands as the 13th best-selling Capcom game franchise. It has gained a reputation among players for its high level of difficulty.

The most recent game in the series, Ghosts 'n Goblins Resurrection, was released on February 25, 2021.

Ghosts 'n Goblins (video game)
Ghosts 'n Goblins, known as Makaimura in Japan, is a 1985 platform game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. It is the first game in the Ghosts 'n Goblins franchise, and has since been ported to numerous home platforms.

It was a major commercial success across arcades and home systems. It was among the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1986 in Japan and the US, as well as the year's sixth best-selling computer game in the UK, with the Nintendo Entertainment System version selling over 1.6 million units worldwide. It initially received generally positive reviews from critics; it is often cited as one of the most difficult games of all time, and has retrospectively been considered one of the greatest video games ever made.
Teriimaevarua II
Teri'imaevarua II (born Princess Maevarua Pōmare; 23 May, 1841 – 12 February, 1873) was the Queen of Bora Bora from 1860 until her death in 1873.

Teri'imaevarua II belonged to the Pōmare dynasty, the royal family of Tahiti, as the daughter of Queen Pōmare IV of Tahiti. Teri'imaevarua was adopted by the childless king of Bora Bora. She received the title of Crown Princess, on the condition she renounce her rights to the Crown of Tahiti.

In 1850, Teri'imaevarua II left Tahiti to join her future kingdom. She succeeded to the throne, following her adoptive father’s death.

Teri'imaevarua II died on 12 February, 1873. She was succeeded by Teriimaevarua III, who reigned from 1873 to 19 March, 1888.

Teriimaevarua III
Ari'i-ʻOtare Teriʻi-maeva-rua III Pomare (28 May 1871 – 19 November 1932) was the last Queen of the Tahitian island of Bora Bora from 1873 to 1895.

The second daughter of Prince Tamatoa-a-tu (Tamatoa V), King of Raʻiātea and Tahaʻa and Princess Moe-a-Mai, Ariʻi-ʻOtare became the Queen of Bora Bora on the death of her aunt Princess Teriimaevarua II, Queen of Bora Bora. She married Prince Teri'i Hinoi-a-tua Pomare, chief of Hitia'a in Bora Bora on 9 January 1884 and was divorced in 1887. Ari'i-'Otare produced no children of her own. She adopted her two younger step daughters; Princess Rehu-rehu Tuheiava and Princess Itia Tuheiava. She also adopted and raised her biological nephew Moeterauri "Bimbo" Tetua who was born on 14 September 1916.

Bora Bora was annexed by the French on 17 April 1888, but royal power remained in effect until 1895, when Teriimaevarua III was replaced by a French vice-resident.: 211  She remained the head of the royal house of Bora Bora until her death.
Three-drum boiler
Three-drum boilers are a class of water-tube boiler used to generate steam, typically to power ships. They are compact and of high evaporative power, factors that encourage this use. Other boiler designs may be more efficient, although bulkier, and so the three-drum pattern was rare as a land-based stationary boiler.

The fundamental characteristic of the "three-drum" design is the arrangement of a steam drum above two water drums, in a triangular layout. Water tubes fill in the two sides of this triangle between the drums, and the furnace is in the centre. The whole assembly is then enclosed in a casing, leading to the exhaust flue.

Firing can be by either coal or oil. Many coal-fired boilers used multiple firedoors and teams of stokers, often from both ends.

Glossary of boiler terms
Boilers for generating steam or hot water have been designed in countless shapes, sizes and configurations. An extensive terminology has evolved to describe their common features. This glossary provides definitions for these terms.

Terms which relate solely to boilers used for space heating or generating hot water are identified by (HVAC).
Greetland
Greetland is a village situated within the metropolitan borough of Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It falls within the Calderdale Ward of Greetland and Stainland. According to the 2011 Census, this ward had a population of 11,389.  Geographically, Greetland is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Elland and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Halifax.

Historical records from 1870–1872, documented in John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, describe Greetland as a village and chapelry in the Halifax parish, West Riding of Yorkshire. The village is noted to have been situated 1 mile west of the Elland railway station and 3 miles south-southwest of Halifax.

It had amenities such as a post office under Halifax's jurisdiction during that period. The chapelry formed a part of the Elland-cum-Greetland township. The population at the time was 2,584, with local industries including stone quarries and several large mills producing woollens, worsted, and cotton.

Elland
Elland is a market town in Calderdale, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. It is situated south of Halifax, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. Elland was recorded as Elant in the Domesday Book of 1086. It had a population of 14,554 at the 2001 Census, with the ward being measured at 11,676 in the 2011 Census.
Ndesserua
Ndesserua or Mangi Ndesserua Mamkinga Kombe (c.1830s–1861), also called Mangi Ndesserua of Machame (Mangi Ndeserua in Kichagga; Mfalme Ndeserua in Swahili), was a well-known monarch of the Chaga in the second half of the 19th century. He was the son of Mangi Mamkinga of Machame and a king of the Chagga. Mangi means king in Kichagga.

Mamkinga
Mamkinga or Mangi Mamkinga Rengua Kombe Kiwaria (c.1820s–1861), also known as Mangi Mamkinga of Machame (Mangi Mamkinga in Kichagga; (Mfalme Mamkinga in Swahili) was a prominent sovereign of the Chagga states in the middle of the 19th century, the son of Mangi Rengua of Machame, and a king of the Chaga. Mangi means king in Kichagga.
Rzhevsky District
Rzhevsky District  (Russian: Рже́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Staritsky District in the north, Zubtsovsky District in the east, Sychyovsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the south, Oleninsky District in the west, and with Selizharovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,760 square kilometers (1,070 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Rzhev (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 12,480 (2010 Census);  14,674 (2002 Census); 17,664 (1989 Soviet census).

Selizharovsky District
Selizharovsky District  (Russian: Селижа́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast and borders with Ostashkovsky District in the north, Kuvshinovsky District in the northeast, Staritsky District in the east, Rzhevsky District in the southeast, Oleninsky District in the south, Nelidovsky District in the southwest, Andreapolsky District in the west, and with Penovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,098 square kilometers (1,196 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Selizharovo. Population: 12,722 (2010 Census);  15,125 (2002 census); 18,092 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Selizharovo accounts for 52.9% of the district's total population.
Trinity study
In finance, investment advising, and retirement planning, the Trinity study is an informal name used to refer to an influential 1998 paper by three professors of finance at Trinity University in the US. It is one of a category of studies that attempt to determine "safe withdrawal rates" from retirement portfolios that contain stocks and thus grow (or shrink) irregularly over time.

In the original study success was primarily judged by whether portfolio lasted for the desired payout period, i.e., the investor did not run out of money
during their retirement years before dying; capital preservation was not a primary goal, but the "terminal value" of portfolios was considered for those investors who may wish to leave bequests.

Retirement spend-down
At retirement, individuals stop working and no longer get employment earnings, and enter a phase of their lives, where they rely on the assets they have accumulated, to supply money for their spending needs for the rest of their lives.  Retirement spend-down, or withdrawal rate, is the strategy a retiree follows to spend, decumulate or withdraw assets during retirement.

Retirement planning aims to prepare individuals for retirement spend-down, because the different spend-down approaches available to retirees depend on the decisions they make during their working years.  Actuaries and financial planners are experts on this topic.
Robert J. Flaherty
Robert Joseph Flaherty, FRGS (/ˈflæ.ərti, ˈflɑː-/; February 16, 1884 – July 23, 1951) was an American filmmaker who directed and produced the first commercially successful feature-length documentary film, Nanook of the North (1922). The film made his reputation and nothing in his later life fully equaled its success, although he continued the development of this new genre of narrative documentary with Moana (1926), set in the South Seas, and Man of Aran (1934), filmed in Ireland's Aran Islands. Flaherty is considered the father of both the documentary and the ethnographic film.

Flaherty was married to writer Frances H. Flaherty from 1914 until his death in 1951. Frances worked on several of her husband's films, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Story for Louisiana Story (1948).

Frances H. Flaherty
Frances Hubbard Flaherty (December 5, 1883 – June 22, 1972) was a film director and screenwriter known for Louisiana Story , The Land, and Moana (1926).  In 1955, Flaherty founded The Flaherty Seminar, a film study center for filmmakers, curators, and students.
Standardized moment
In probability theory and statistics, a standardized moment of a probability distribution is a moment (often a higher degree central moment) that is normalized, typically by a power of the standard deviation, rendering the moment scale invariant. The shape of different probability distributions can be compared using standardized moments.

Central moment
In probability theory and statistics, a central moment is a moment of a probability distribution of a random variable about the random variable's mean; that is, it is the expected value of a specified integer power of the deviation of the random variable from the mean. The various moments form one set of values by which the properties of a probability distribution can be usefully characterized. Central moments are used in preference to ordinary moments, computed in terms of deviations from the mean instead of from zero, because the higher-order central moments relate only to the spread and shape of the distribution, rather than also to its location.

Sets of central moments can be defined for both univariate and multivariate distributions.
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Fedorovich Chekalov (Russian: Влади́мир Фё́дорович Чека́лов; July 6, 1922 – June 4, 1992) was a Russian Soviet realist painter and art teacher, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, and regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his battle and genre paintings.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
Queen of Malaysia
The Queen of Malaysia, officially Raja Permaisuri Agong (lit. 'supreme queen' Jawi: راج ڤرمايسوري اݢوڠ) is the consort of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the elected, constitutional federal monarch of Malaysia.

King of Malaysia
The King of Malaysia, officially Yang di-Pertuan Agong (lit. 'He who is made Lord', Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ‎), is the constitutional monarch and ceremonial head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the Conference of Rulers, comprising the nine rulers of the Malay states, with the office de facto rotated between them, making Malaysia one of the world's few elective monarchies.

The 17th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor. He was elected on 26 October 2023, at a special meeting of the Conference of Rulers; he took the oath of office and was sworn in at the Istana Negara on 31 January 2024. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's queen consort is known as the Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen of Malaysia), currently Raja Zarith Sofiah. The royal couple are styled in English as "His Majesty" and "Her Majesty".
Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation
The Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation was a turboprop-powered version of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft family. Built in 1954 and 1955, the aircraft were used as prototypes for possible future military transport aircraft for both the United States Air Force and United States Navy. Both aircraft saw very short lives, and the airframes were later used to build L-1049 Super Constellations.

Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
The Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation is an American aircraft, a member of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft line. The aircraft was colloquially referred to as the Super Connie.

The L-1049 was Lockheed's response to the successful Douglas DC-6 airliner, first flying in 1950. The aircraft was produced for both the United States Navy as the WV / R7V and U.S. Air Force as the C-121 for transport, electronics, and airborne early warning and control aircraft.
Dwarf beech
The dwarf beech, Fagus sylvatica Tortuosa Group, is a rare cultivar group of the European Beech with fewer than 1500 older specimens in Europe. It is also known as twisted beech or parasol beech.

It is a wide-spreading tree with distinctive twisted and contorted branches that are quite pendulous at their ends. With its short and twisted trunk the Dwarf Beech grows more in width than height, only seldom reaching a height of more than 15 metres. It sometimes grows from seed and has formed colonies in Sweden (where it is known as "Vresbok"), Denmark ("Vrange bøge"), Germany ("Süntel-Buchen"), France ("Faux de Verzy") and Italy ("Alberi serpente", nel Monte Pollino).

A similar form is the weeping beech (Fagus sylvatica Pendula Group), which has more pendulous branching.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a large deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-grey bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches. It is native to much of Europe, growing in humid climates.

The species is cultivated as an ornamental. Although slightly toxic due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts are consumed by animals and humans. The trees are also used for timber.