hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Estonian Air
Estonian Air was the flag carrier airline of Estonia between 1991 and 2015. Headquartered in Tallinn it operated scheduled services from Tallinn Airport. Prior to its closure, the airline flew from Tallinn to 11 destinations in Europe.

From 1991 to 1996, and again from 2010, Estonian Air was owned by the Estonian government. In 2010, the Estonian government had purchased the company back from SAS Group to ensure it did not go bankrupt. On 7 November 2015, the European Commission ruled that the government funding given to the company had been in breach of the European Union regulations and must be paid back. Estonian Air, not having such funds, ceased all its operations the next day and immediately entered the process of liquidation. A new state-owned airline, Nordica, entered operations the same day.

Nordica (airline)
Nordica, part of the Nordic Aviation Group AS together with its subsidiary Xfly, was an Estonian charter airline which was the also flag carrier of Estonia from 2016 to 2019, a capacity purchase arrangement provider, headquartered in Tallinn, with its office premises in the vicinity of Tallinn Airport. The company used to operate scheduled flights to Sweden, but those flights ceased in October 2023, and as of October 2023, the airline focused on operations under wet-lease contracts on behalf of other European airlines. Nordica also operated PSOs. The company shut down in November 2024 after negotiations to find a buyer fell through.
Pinene
Pinene is a collection of unsaturated bicyclic monoterpenes. Two geometric isomers of pinene are found in nature, α-pinene and β-pinene. Both are chiral, and both contain a strained four-membered ring. As the name suggests, pinenes are found in pines. Specifically, pinene is the major component of the liquid extracts of conifers. Pinenes are also found in many non-coniferous plants such as camphorweed (Heterotheca) and big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata).

Β-Pinene
β-Pinene is a monoterpene, an organic compound found in plants. It is the less abundant of the two isomers of pinene, the other being α-pinene. It is a colorless liquid soluble in alcohol, but not water. It has a woody-green pine-like smell.

β-Pinene is one of the most abundant compounds released by forest trees. If oxidized in air, the allylic products of the pinocarveol and myrtenol family prevail.
LDV Convoy
The LDV Convoy is a light commercial van that was manufactured from 1983 until 2006. The Convoy and its predecessors were wider and longer versions of the Freight Rover Sherpa, based on the Leyland Sherpa series of vans from 1974 and later known as the LDV Pilot. Originally sold as the Freight Rover Sherpa 285/310/350 (commonly referred to as the Sherpa 300 Series), it became the Leyland DAF 400 Series in 1989, the LDV 400 series in 1993, and then finally settled on the Convoy name in 1996.

LDV Pilot
The LDV Pilot was the final model in a series of panel vans produced from 1974 to 2005, originally launched as the 1974 Leyland Sherpa, which was developed by the Austin-Morris division of British Leyland and derived from earlier light commercial vehicles produced by the British Motor Corporation.

The Pilot was available in capacities from 2.2 to 2.6 tonnes in a 5.7 cubic metres (200 cu ft) load area. Power came from a 1.9 litre Peugeot diesel engine driving the rear wheels through a five speed gearbox. Access to the load area is from either the rear or a sliding side door.
Inner Ring Road, Delhi
The Inner Ring Road, also called Mahatma-Gandhi Ring Road, refers to inner most among 3 main ring roads in Delhi in India, the inner, outer and UER-II. Delhi's Inner Ring Road covers 55 km (34 mi) and is signal-free except for a small number of crossings. The road features three lanes in each direction and is currently being widened to four lanes in each direction. It features a few flyover links to the Delhi Outer Ring Road.

Outer Ring Road, Delhi
The Outer Ring Road is a six-lane ring road that encircles the city of Delhi. It has three lanes in each direction, with a total length of 47 km.  Although it used to have traffic lights and at-grade intersections, mushrooming interchanges have reduced the number of lights to just two, and traffic now flows much more smoothly. Several stretches of the Outer Ring Road have been notified as National Highways. Within Delhi state, Delhi Metro's Magenta Line largely runs along the Outer Ring Road.

Delhi features 3 ring roads, namely the inner, the outer, and the outermost UER-II.
Sulayman ibn Sa'd al-Khushani
Abū Thābit Sulaymān ibn Saʿd al-Khūshani (Arabic: سليمان بن سعد الخشني) (fl. 685 – 724) was an Arab administrator of the Umayyad Caliphate who proposed and implemented the conversion of Syria's dīwān (tax administration) from Greek to Arabic in 700 under Caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705). From the time of the Muslim conquest of the region from the Byzantine Empire in the 630s, Greek had remained the language of the bureaucracy in Syria and the change in 700 formed part of the wider centralization efforts undertaken by Abd al-Malik. In recognition of this achievement, Sulayman was appointed as the head of Syria's fiscal administration, replacing the Melkite Christian veteran Sarjun ibn Mansur. Sulayman continued in this office under caliphs al-Walid I (r. 705–715) and Sulayman (r. 715–717), the beginning of the reign of Umar II (r. 717–720) and then again through the reign of Yazid II (r. 720–724).

Sarjun ibn Mansur
Sarjun ibn Mansur (Arabic: سرجون بن منصور Greek: Σέργιος ὁ τοῦ Μανσοῦρ) was a Melkite Christian official of the early Umayyad Caliphate. The son of a prominent Byzantine official of Damascus, he was a favourite of the early Umayyad caliphs Mu'awiya I and Yazid I, and served as the head of the fiscal administration for Syria from the mid-7th century until the year 700, when Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan dismissed him as part of his efforts to arabize the administration of the Caliphate.

He was the father of the theologian John of Damascus and adoptive father of Cosmas of Maiuma.
Vegoia
Vegoia (Etruscan: Vecu) is a sibyl, prophet, or nymph within the Etruscan religious framework who is identified as the author of parts of their large and complex set of sacred books, detailing the religiously correct methods of founding cities and shrines, draining fields, formulating laws and ordinances, measuring space and dividing time; she initiated the Etruscan people to the arts, as originating the rules and rituals of land marking, and as presiding over the observance, respect, and preservation of boundaries. Vegoia also is known as Vecu, Vecui, and Vecuvia, as well as Vegoe; her name is also given as Begoe or Bigois.

Etruscan religion
Etruscan religion comprises a set of stories, beliefs, and religious practices of the Etruscan civilization, heavily influenced by the mythology of ancient Greece, and sharing similarities with concurrent Roman mythology and religion. As the Etruscan civilization was gradually assimilated into the Roman Republic from the 4th century BC, the Etruscan religion and mythology were partially incorporated into ancient Roman culture, following the Roman tendency to absorb some of the local gods and customs of conquered lands. The first attestations of an Etruscan religion can be traced back to the Villanovan culture.
Moldavia
Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova, pronounced [molˈdova] ⓘ or Țara Moldovei lit. 'The land of Moldova'; in Romanian Cyrillic: Мѡлдѡва or Цара Мѡлдовєй) is a historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state under Ottoman overlordship, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertsa. It also included the region of Pokuttya for a period of time.

The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.

Budjak
Budjak, also known as Budzhak, is a historical region that was part of Bessarabia from 1812 to 1940. Situated along the Black Sea, between the Danube and Dniester rivers, this multi-ethnic region covers an area of 13,188 km2 (5,092 sq mi)  and is home to approximately 600,000 people. The majority of the region (former Izmail Oblast) is now located in Ukraine's Odesa Oblast, while the remaining part is found in the southern districts of Moldova. The region is bordered to the north by the rest of Moldova, to the west and south by Romania, and to the east by the Black Sea and the rest of Ukraine.
Abiel Smith School
Abiel Smith School, founded in 1835, is a school located at 46 Joy Street in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, adjacent to the African Meeting House. It is named for Abiel Smith, a white philanthropist who left money (an estimated $4,000) in his will to the city of Boston for the education of black children.

The city constructed the school building with Smith's funds. Designed by Richard Upjohn as his first public project, this was the first public school for free black people. In 1835, all black children in Boston were assigned to the Smith school, which replaced a basement school in the African Meeting House next door. It is a part of the Beacon Hill Historic District (a National Historic Landmark District), a site on the Boston Black Heritage Trail, and is part of the Boston African American National Historic Site.

African Meeting House
The African Meeting House, also known variously as First African Baptist Church, First Independent Baptist Church and the Belknap Street Church, was built in 1806 and is now the oldest black church edifice still standing in the United States. A Baptist congregation led by Reverend Thomas Paul built the church. The church also established a school, at first holding classes in its basement. After serving most of the nineteenth century as a church, it then served as a synagogue until 1972 when it was purchased for the Museum of African American History.  It is located in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent to the historically Black American Abiel Smith School, now also part of the museum. It is a National Historic Landmark.
French criminal code
The French criminal code (French: Code pénal français) is the codification of French criminal law (droit pénal). It took effect on 1 March 1994 and replaced the French Penal Code of 1810, which had until then been in effect. This in turn has become known as the "old penal code" in the rare decisions that still need to apply it.

The new code was created by several laws promulgated on 22 July 1992. It introduced the judicial notion of fundamental national interests (intérêts fondamentaux de la nation) (Book IV, Title I).

French Penal Code of 1810
The Penal Code of 1810 (French: Code pénal de 1810) was a code of criminal law created under Napoleon which replaced the Penal Code of 1791. Among other things, this code reinstated a life imprisonment punishment, as well as branding. These had been abolished in the French Penal Code of 1791. Issued on June 3, 1810, it stayed in use until March 1, 1994 when it was replaced by the French criminal code.

This code served as a basis for criminal laws in many of the countries occupied at the time by the First French Empire. It was the fifth code promulgated by the Empire, and is not to be confused with the Code Napoleon of 1804 which governed civil law.
Janbazar Raj
The Janbazar Raj or the Marh family, (Bengali: মাড় পরিবার) has been one of the leading families of Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and is regarded as one of the key influencers during the Bengali Renaissance.  Their meteoric rise from humble beginnings to Royal glory stands as a testament to merchantile brilliance and a fight against orthodoxy. The most prominent figures of this family include Babu Preetoram Marh, one of the leading merchants of 18th-century Calcutta, his son Rajchandra Das, one of the most influential Zamindars of Bengal, their son-in-law Mathurmohan Biswas and finally Rani Rashmoni, herself.

The family contributed largely to the development in education, infrastructure and culture of Calcutta and Bengal. They were especially famous for their generosity and public spirit. They also offered considerable charity to the Imperial Library (now the National Library of India), and the Hindu College (now Presidency University).

Mathurmohan Biswas
Babu Mathur Mohan Biswas or Babu Mathuranath Biswas (1817 – 16 July 1871), also known as Sejobabu, or simply, "Mathur Babu" was an Indian Zamindar, businessman, philanthropist and the third and youngest son-in-law of Rani Rashmoni. He was a devoted follower, disciple, attendant, and provider (rasaddar) of Shri Ramakrishna.
Barrel organ
A barrel organ (also called roller organ or crank organ) is a French mechanical musical instrument consisting of bellows and one or more ranks of pipes housed in a case, usually of wood, and often highly decorated. The basic principle is the same as a traditional pipe organ, but rather than being played by an organist, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or springs. The pieces of music are encoded onto wooden barrels (or cylinders), which are analogous to the keyboard of the traditional pipe organ.  A person (or in some cases, a trained animal) who plays a barrel organ is known as an organ grinder.

Street organ
A street organ (French: orgue de rue or orgue de barbarie), played by an organ grinder, is a French automatic mechanical pneumatic organ designed to be mobile enough to play its music in the street. The two most commonly seen types are the smaller German and the larger Dutch street organ.
SR-3 Vikhr
The SR-3 Vikhr (СР-3 Вихрь, Russian for "whirlwind") is a Russian 9×39mm compact assault rifle. It was developed by A. D. Borisov, V. N. Levchenko and A. Tyshlykov at TsNIITochMash (Central Institute for Precision Machine Building) in the early 1990s and was manufactured in 1994. Heavily based on the AS Val, but lacking an integral suppressor, it has a newly designed folding stock and charging handle for ease of concealed carry. The abbreviation "SR" stands for spetsialnaya razrabotka—special development.

Because the SR-3 Vikhr is a rather expensive lightweight carbine, it was not mass-produced for the Russian military. It was primarily used by the Russian Special Operations Forces and certain government officials' security details.

AS Val and VSS Vintorez
The AS Val (Russian: АС «Вал»; Автома́т Специа́льный, romanized: Avtomát Spetsiálny "Val", lit. 'Special Automatic–Shaft') and VSS Vintorez (Russian: ВСС «Винторе́з» Винто́вка Сна́йперская Специа́льная, romanized: Vintóvka Snáyperskaya Spetsiálnaya "Vintorez", lit. 'Special Sniper Rifle–Thread Cutter'), GRAU designation: 6P30 and 6P29 respectively, are Soviet-designed specialised assault rifle and sniper rifle featuring an integral suppressor based on the prototype RG-036 completed in 1981 by TsNIITochMash. The VSS Vintorez (beginning in 1983) and AS Val (beginning in 1985) were developed by TsNIITochMash to replace modified general-purpose firearms, such as the AKS-74UB, BS-1, APB, and PB, for clandestine operations, much like the PSS Vul. Manufacturing began at the Tula Arms Plant after its adoption by the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in 1987.
Pennsylvania Company
The Pennsylvania Company was a major holding company. It included the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway, the PRR's main route to Chicago. Together with the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad and Vandalia Railroad, the three railroads were branded by the PRR as Pennsylvania Lines West of Pittsburgh. All lines west merged into the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1921.

Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway
The Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway was a major part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system, extending the PRR west from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, via Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Chicago, Illinois. It included the current Norfolk Southern-owned Fort Wayne Line east of Crestline, Ohio, to Pittsburgh, and the Fort Wayne Secondary, owned by CSX, from Crestline west to Tolleston in Gary, Indiana. CSX leased its entire portion in 2004 to the Chicago, Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad (CFE). The remaining portion of the line from Tolleston into Chicago is now part of the Norfolk Southern's Chicago District, with a small portion of the original PFW&C trackage abandoned in favor of the parallel lines of former competitors which are now part of the modern NS system.
Smash (wrestler)
Barry Allen Darsow (born October 6, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler who performed as Smash, one half of the tag team Demolition. He also wrestled as Krusher Kruschev, Repo Man, the Blacktop Bully, Man Mountain Darsow and "Mr. Hole in One" Barry Darsow.

Throughout his career, he worked for Jim Crockett Promotions, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and several regional promotions in the 1980s and 1990s. He is a four-time former world tag team champion, winning three WWF World Tag Team Championships as part of Demolition and one NWA World Tag Team Championship as part of a three-man team with Ivan and Nikita Koloff (although the NWA no longer recognizes any former tag team champions prior to 1992, Darsow's championship is considered part of the WCW World tag team championship lineage), and a one-time NWA United States Tag Team Champion.

Ivan Koloff
Oreal Donald Perras (August 25, 1942 – February 18, 2017) was a Canadian professional wrestler, better known by the ring name "The Russian Bear" Ivan Koloff, under which name he was billed as being from Russia and, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine. He was the third wrestler to hold the WWWF Championship. In April 2025, Koloff was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.
Scratchwood
Scratchwood is an extensive, mainly wooded, country park in Mill Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. The 57-hectare site is a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation and together with the neighbouring Moat Mount Open Space. It is a Local Nature Reserve.

Moat Mount Open Space
Moat Mount Open Space is a 110-hectare park and nature reserve in Mill Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. It is part of Moat Mount Open Space and Mote End Farm Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II, which includes Barnet Gate Wood and Scratchwood Countryside Park, but is separate from Scratchwood itself, which is a neighbouring park and nature reserve. Most of the site is open to the public, but Mote End Farm and some other areas are private. Scratchwood and Moat Mount are a Local Nature Reserve.
Anra scarab
Anra scarabs are scarab seals dating to the Second Intermediate Period found in the Levant, Egypt and Nubia. Anra scarabs are identified by an undeciphered and variable sequence of Egyptian hieroglyphs on the base of the scarab which always include the symbols a, n and r. As anra scarabs have overwhelmingly been found in Palestine (~80%), it has been suggested it was marketed by the contemporaneous 15th Dynasty for the Canaanites.: 277

The artifacts have tentatively been associated with the gods El and Ra, who were identified with each other in the Ramesside Period.

Scarab (artifact)
Scarabs are amulets and impression seals shaped according to the eponymous beetles, which were widely popular throughout ancient Egypt. They survive in large numbers today, and through their inscriptions and typology, these artifacts prove to be an important source of information for archaeologists and historians of ancient Egypt, representing a significant body of its art.

Though primarily worn as amulets and sometimes rings, scarabs were also inscribed for use as personal or administrative seals or were incorporated into other kinds of jewelry. Some scarabs were created for political or diplomatic purposes to commemorate or advertise royal achievements. Additionally, scarabs held religious significance and played a role in Egyptian funerary practices.
Thomas North
Sir Thomas North (28 May 1535 – c. 1604) was an English translator, military officer, lawyer, and justice of the peace. His translation into English of Plutarch's Parallel Lives is notable for being the main source text used by William Shakespeare for his Roman plays. He was the second son of Edward North, the 1st Baron North, and brother to Roger North. He maintained a long literary career, spanning six decades, but likely faced financial difficulties later in life due to receiving little inheritance. It has recently been hypothesised that all of his published translations may have influenced the Shakespearean theatrical canon, and that he may himself have known William Shakespeare.

Edward North, 1st Baron North
Edward North, 1st Baron North (c. 1504 – 1564) was an English peer and politician. He was the Clerk of the Parliaments 1531–1540 and Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire 1557–1564. A successful lawyer, he was created the first Baron North, giving him a seat in the House of Lords.
Stockholms Spårvägar
Stockholms Spårvägar (lit. 'Stockholm Tramways', abbreviated SS) is a Swedish public transport company that is contracted to operate various tram and rail services in the Stockholm area. Founded in 1987 by the Svenska Spårvägssällskapet (the Swedish Tramway Society), the company initially focused on heritage tram operations along the Djurgårdslinjen. Over the years, it has expanded its operations to include modern tram services under contract with Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL).

In July 2022, Stockholms Spårvägar became a subsidiary of Bergkvara, which is in turn owned by Luxembourg-based Cube Infrastructure Managers. The company employs over 500 staff members and operates four modern tram lines as well as heritage tram services.

Storstockholms Lokaltrafik
Storstockholms Lokaltrafik known as SL, (lit. 'Greater Stockholm Local Transport') is the public transport organisation responsible for managing land-based public transport in Stockholm County, Sweden. SL oversees a network that includes the Tunnelbana metro, Pendeltåg commuter trains, buses, trams, local rail, and some ferry services.

SL's network serves approximately 700,000 daily passengers and is financed through a combination of regional taxes and fare revenues. The organisation operates under a unified ticketing system, and contracts with several private operators to run its services, including Transdev, SJ, VR Sverige, Keolis, and Stockholms Spårvägar.
Libertyville, Illinois
Libertyville is a village in Libertyville Township, Lake County, Illinois, United States. It is located 5 miles (8 km) west of Lake Michigan, approximately 40 miles north of the Chicago Loop. As such, it is part of the United States Census Bureau's Chicago combined statistical area (CSA). It is bordered by Gages Lake and Gurnee to the north, Vernon Hills to the south, Mundelein to the west, and Grayslake to the northwest.  The eastern portions of the village border Mettawa, unincorporated Waukegan and Lake Forest, and part of Knollwood CDP. Its 2020 census population was 20,579.

Vernon Hills, Illinois
Vernon Hills is a suburb north of Chicago, Illinois in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 26,850 at the 2020 census. Vernon Hills serves as a retail hub for its surrounding area (Libertyville, Lake Forest, Mundelein, Long Grove, Lincolnshire and Buffalo Grove).