hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Shrine of Saint John Neumann
The National Shrine of St. John Neumann is a Catholic national shrine dedicated to John Neumann, the fourth Bishop of Philadelphia and the first American male to be canonized. The shrine is located in the lower church of St. Peter the Apostle Church at 1019 North 5th Street, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The construction of the main church began in 1843.

Adjoining the lower church is a small museum, which displays exhibits relating to the life of the saint.  The National Shrine of St. John Neumann and St. Peter's Church are under the care of the Redemptorists, the religious community of which St. John Neumann was a member.

Archdiocese of Philadelphia
The Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Latin: Archidiœcesis Philadelphiensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in southeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. The seat of the archbishop is the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Philadelphia. Nelson J. Pérez is the archbishop.
Prószków
Prószków ([ˈpruʂkuf], German: Proskau; Silesian: Prōszkow) is a town in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Prószków, a Polish/German bilingual commune since 2006.

Gmina Prószków
Gmina Prószków (German: Gemeinde Proskau) is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Prószków, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 121.23 square kilometres (46.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population was 9,029. Since 2006, the commune, like most of the area, has been bilingual in Polish and German, a substantial German population having remained after World War II.
Nerf N-Strike
Nerf N-Strike is a video game developed by EA Salt Lake and published by Electronic Arts for the Wii. The game is a rail shooter played from a first-person perspective, and focuses on the Nerf line of toy dart blasters. It has an optional unique blaster for gameplay called the Nerf Switch Shot EX-3, that can either be used as a real Nerf blaster, or to play the video game. The game uses various blasters created in real life by Nerf.

A sequel, Nerf N-Strike Elite, was released a year later. Both games were compiled in the 2010 release Nerf N-Strike Double Blast Bundle.

Nerf N-Strike Elite
Nerf N-Strike Elite is a 2009 on-rails shoot 'em up for Nintendo Wii and sequel to the 2008 Nerf N-Strike. Like its predecessor, the game is bundled with one N-Strike Switch Shot EX-3. New to this game, however, is the "Red Reveal" decoder lens which is attached to the Switch Shot and, when the player looks through it, will display hidden game elements such as the weak points in enemy armor and reveals secret codes for accessing other content. This game is also compatible with the Wii Zapper.

Nerf N-Strike and N-Strike Elite were compiled in the 2010 release Nerf N-Strike Double Blast Bundle.
Tom Galligan (mayor)
Thomas R. Galligan (born August 6, 1946) is a former three-term mayor of Jeffersonville, Indiana, United States, serving from 1996 to 2003 and again from 2008 to 2011. Galligan succeeded incumbent Raymond Parker Jr. in the 1995 mayoral election and was unseated by challenger, Rob Waiz, during the 2003 election. Galligan defeated Waiz during the 2007 election and was defeated by Clark County Commissioner, Mike Moore, during the 2011 election.

Rob Waiz
Robert L. Waiz Jr (born January 30, 1963) is a politician of Jeffersonville, Indiana. He works in real estate and has been on the city council and served as mayor. Waiz, a Democrat, was first elected mayor in 2003, defeating two-term incumbent Tom Galligan in the May Democratic primary and then defeating Republican Monty Snelling in the November general election. On May 8, 2007, he lost the Democratic primary against Galligan; who went on to win the general election in November 2007. Rob Waiz was the youngest mayor elected in the city's modern history.
Joshua Lederberg
Joshua Lederberg ForMemRS (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008) was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate and exchange genes (bacterial conjugation). He shared the prize with Edward Tatum and George Beadle, who won for their work with genetics.

In addition to his contributions to biology, Lederberg did extensive research in artificial intelligence. This included work in the NASA experimental programs seeking life on Mars and the chemistry expert system Dendral.

Edward Tatum
Edward Lawrie Tatum (December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist. He shared half of the  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958 with George Beadle for showing that genes control individual steps in metabolism. The other half of that year's award went to Joshua Lederberg. Tatum was an elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
St. Johnsbury, Vermont
St. Johnsbury (known locally as "St. J") is the shire town (county seat) of Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,364. St. Johnsbury is situated on the Passumpsic River and is located approximately six miles northwest of the Connecticut River and 48 miles (77 km) south of the Canada–U.S. border.

St. Johnsbury is the largest town by population in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont and has long served as a commercial center for the region. The more densely settled southern one-third of the town is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the St. Johnsbury census-designated place, where over 81% of the population resides.

Passumpsic River
The Passumpsic River (/pəˈsʌmpsɪk/) is a 22.7-mile-long (36.5 km) tributary of the Connecticut River, in Vermont. Though primarily a Caledonia County river, it is the only river to flow through all three counties of the Northeast Kingdom.
Yu Garden
Yu Garden or Yuyuan Garden (traditional Chinese: 豫園; simplified Chinese: 豫园; pinyin: Yù Yuán, Shanghainese Yuyoe Wu Chinese pronunciation: [ɦy²².ɦɥø⁵⁵], lit. Garden of Happiness) is an extensive Chinese garden located beside the City God Temple in the northeast of the Old City of Shanghai at Huangpu District, Shanghai. It abuts the Yuyuan Tourist Mart, the Huxinting Teahouse and the Yu Garden Bazaar.

This garden is accessible from the Shanghai Metro's Line 10 and Line 14 Yuyuan Garden station.

Boasting over 40 scenic spots, including pavilions, rock formations, and ponds, it is now a key site under state-level protection.

A centerpiece is the Exquisite Jade Rock (玉玲珑) a porous 3.3-m, 5-ton boulder. Rumours about its origin include the story that it was meant for the Huizong Emperor (Northern Song dynasty from 1100 to 1126 AD) the imperial garden in Bianjing,  but was salvaged from the Huangpu River after the boat carrying it had sunk.

City God Temple of Shanghai
The City God Temple or Temple of the City Gods (Chinese: 上海城隍庙; pinyin: Shànghǎi Chénghuángmiào; Shanghainese: Zånhae Zenwånmio), officially the City Temple of Shanghai, is a Chinese folk religion, Taoist and city god temple located in the old city of Shanghai. It commemorates the elevation of Shanghai to municipal status and is the site of the veneration of three Chinese figures honored as the city gods of the town. It is also known by some locals as the "Old City God Temple", in reference to a later "New City God Temple" which no longer exists.

In Chinese, "Chenghuangmiao" is also used as the name of the commercial district near the temple. This is generally known in English as Yu Garden, after the nearby Chinese garden.
Joel Redman
Joel Pettyfer (born 21 February 1987) is an English professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Joel Redman. Pettyfer is best known for his work on the independent circuit in the United Kingdom, where he is a former Unified British Tag Team Champion alongside Mark Haskins in International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom and Real Quality Wrestling and was a regular competitor in the Frontier Wrestling Alliance. He is also known for working in WWE's developmental territory NXT under the ring name Oliver Grey, where he was one half of the inaugural NXT Tag Team Champions along with Adrian Neville, often collectively known as British Ambition.

Mark Haskins
Mark Haskins (born June 25, 1988), is an English professional wrestler, He is currently performing on the British independent scene.  He is known internationally for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, as well as his appearances in Ring of Honor, Progress Wrestling, Revolution Pro Wrestling, Dragon Gate, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, and International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom.
Division of the assembly
In parliamentary procedure, a division of the assembly, division of the house, or simply division is a method of taking a vote that physically counts members voting.

Historically, and often still today, members are literally divided into physically separate groups. This was the method used in the Roman Senate (vote per secessionem), and occasionally in Athenian democracy. Westminster system parliament chambers have separate division lobbies for the "Ayes" and "Noes" to facilitate physical division. In several assemblies, a division bell is rung throughout the building when a division is happening, in order to alert members not present in the chamber. In the United Kingdom, division bells are also present in a number of bars and restaurants near the Palace of Westminster in order to call members to vote who may be outside the building.

Division bell
In some of the Commonwealth realms, a division bell is a bell rung in or around parliament to signal a division (a vote) to members of the relevant chamber so that they may participate. A division bell may also be used to signal the start or end of parliamentary proceedings, and often produces different sounds or coloured lights to identify the chamber affected.
Fulvia gens
The gens Fulvia, originally Foulvia, was one of the most illustrious plebeian families at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens first came to prominence during the middle Republic; the first to attain the consulship was Lucius Fulvius Curvus in 322 BC.  From that time, the Fulvii were active in the politics of the Roman state, and gained a reputation for excellent military leaders.

Lucius Fulvius Curvus
Lucius Fulvius Curvus was an aristocrat of the middle Roman Republic and consul prior in 322 BC with Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus. He is the first of the gens Fulvia documented in the history of Rome.

According to his filiation, his father and grandfather's names were also Lucius.

Fulvius Curius is said to have been consul the year Tusculum, according to Cicero the home town of the Fulvii, revolted against Rome; on going over to the Romans he was made consul and triumphed over his own countrymen. Some records state that Fulvius and Fabius also warred against the Samnites and triumphed over them. Livy, however, gives the credit to the dictator Aulus Cornelius Cossus Arvina. In 313 BC he was magister equitum to the dictator Lucius Aemilius Mamercinus, who led the siege of Saticula that succeeded after the army drove off an attempt of the Samnites to relieve the city.
Defragmentation
In the maintenance of file systems, defragmentation is a process that reduces the degree of fragmentation, files that are stored in multiple segments that are not contiguous on the storage medium. It does this by physically organizing the contents of the mass storage device used to store files into the smallest number of contiguous regions (fragments, extents). It also attempts to create larger regions of free space using compaction to impede the return of fragmentation.

Defragmentation is advantageous and relevant to file systems on electromechanical disk drives (hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disk media). The movement of the hard drive's read/write heads over different areas of the disk when accessing fragmented files is slower than accessing the entire contents of a non-fragmented file sequentially without moving the read/write heads to seek other fragments.

File system fragmentation
File system fragmentation, sometimes called file system aging, is a characteristic of a file system that stores  files in non-contiguous blocks. It is a special case of  data fragmentation. File system fragmentation negatively impacts seek time for disk storage (spinning storage medium), which lowers throughput. Fragmentation can be eliminated by re-organizing files as contiguous areas, a process called defragmentation.

A solid-state drive (SSD) does not mechanically seek, so non-sequential access is orders of magnitude faster than disk drives, making fragmentation significantly less of an issue. In fact, best practice is to not defragment an SSD, because doing so can prematurely wear drives via unnecessary write and erase operations.
Frankie Allen
Frankie Allen (born April 7, 1949) is an American men's college basketball coach who most recently coached at Maryland Eastern Shore.  He was also the head coach at Virginia Tech, Tennessee State and Howard, as well as an assistant at Radford and UMBC. His greatest success was at Tennessee State where he won three Ohio Valley Conference titles and was the 1993 national Coach of the Year.  Allen played collegiately under Charles Moir at Roanoke College, where he was the school's first African-American athlete.  Allen would later coach at Virginia Tech as an assistant under Moir and then follow Moir as the head coach of the Hokies. In 2013, Allen was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.

Charles Moir
Charles Robert Moir (November 29, 1930 – November 14, 2019) was an American college basketball coach.  He was the head coach of the Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball team from 1976 until his resignation in October 1987.  During his 11  seasons at Virginia Tech, Moir's Hokies compiled a 213–119 record. He was forced to resign after the discovery of severe NCAA violations.  Including his time at Tech and coaching stints in high school and at Roanoke College and Tulane University, Moir compiled a career record of 616–238 in his 31 seasons as a high school and college head coach.

He was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame (the state-wide organization that honors sports figures who were either from Virginia, or contributed to teams from the state) in 2000.
Hwasong-11D
The Hwasong-11D (Korean: 《화성포-11라》형; lit. Mars Artillery Type 11D) is a North Korean single-stage, solid-fueled tactical ballistic missile. First unveiled in April 2022 with a flight test, Hwasong-11D is a smaller version of Hwasong-11A (KN-23), with a smaller size and a shorter range. Hwasong-11D is reported to be entered mass production.

Hwasong-11A
The Hwasong-11A (Korean: 《화성포-11가》형; lit. Mars Artillery Type 11A), also known as KN-23 under the United States naming convention, is a North Korean single-stage, solid-fueled short-range ballistic missile. Unveiled in February 2018 and first test-fired in May 2019, Hwasong-11A is the most notable variant of Hwasong-11 series of solid-fueled SRBMs. Analysts believe the missile, with its quasi-ballistic trajectory and a range of up to 900 km (560 mi), may be able to penetrate South Korean missile defenses. It can be launched from road-mobile platforms, railway car and silo. Variants of Hwasong-11A include larger warhead version, smaller version and underwater-launched version. The missile is reported to be used by Russian force during Russo-Ukrainian war.
299 West 12th Street
299 West 12th Street is a residential building facing south onto Abingdon Square Park in the Greenwich Village Historic District on the west side of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It was built by the developer brothers Bing & Bing and noted architect Emery Roth whose other works include The Beresford and The El Dorado.

The building was granted an occupancy license on July 30, 1931, opening initially as an "apartment hotel" with a kitchen on the ground floor. In 1986, 299 West 12th Street and its sister building, 302 West 12th Street, were converted into condominiums, containing mainly studio and one bedroom units. It houses 183 condominium apartments.

302 West 12th Street
302 West 12th Street is a residential building facing west onto Abingdon Square Park in the Greenwich Village Historic District on the west side of lower Manhattan, New York City, United States.

It was built by the developer brothers Bing & Bing with the architectural firm of Boak & Paris. Russell M. Boak and Hyman F. Paris left the architectural firm of Emery Roth to start their own practice in 1927.

The building opened in late summer 1931 and currently houses 129 condominium apartments.
Olinger Stories
Olinger Stories: A Selection is a collection of 11 works of short fiction by John Updike published by Vintage Books in 1964.

The short stories, set in the fictional town of Olinger, Pennsylvania are in large part autobiographical, about a boy growing up in a small town in Pennsylvania, and his experiences as he reaches adolescence and manhood. As presented in Olinger Stories: A Selection the stories match the fictional chronology "which follow a single narrator through his adolescence, marriage, and divorce."

The volume includes stories previously collected in Updike's The Same Door (1959) and Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories (1962).

The Same Door
The Same Door is a collection of 16 works of short fiction by John Updike published in 1959 by Alfred A. Knopf. The stories in the volume first appeared separately in The New Yorker, some in a slightly different form than in the collection. The Same Door is Updike's first volume of short stories.
Expressway 24 (Serbia)
The expressway 24 (Serbian: Брзи пут 24 / Brzi put 24) is an expressway in Serbia, that links the A1 motorway with Kragujevac, at the State road 23. The section between Kragujevac and Cvetojevac has three lanes (including emergency lane) in each direction, while the rest of the route has two lanes in each direction.

Roads in Serbia
Roads in Serbia are the backbone of its transportation system and an important part of the European road network. The total length of roads in  the country is 45,419 km, and they are categorized as "state roads" (total length of 16,179 km) or "municipal roads" (total length of 23,780 km). All state roads in Serbia are maintained by the public, nation-wide, road construction company JP Putevi Srbije.
SN Brussels Airlines
SN Brussels Airlines (SNBA) was the flag carrier of Belgium, which mainly operated from Brussels Airport. SNBA was the trading name of the Belgian airline Delta Air Transport. SNBA was a full-service airline, connecting Brussels with the rest of Europe. It also flew to Africa, continuing Sabena's extensive network there. The airline merged with Virgin Express into Brussels Airlines which started operations on 25 March 2007. The airline had its head office in Airport Building 117 in Brussels Airport, Zaventem, near Brussels.

Delta Air Transport
Delta Air Transport (abbreviated DAT) was a Belgian regional airline headquartered in Antwerp, Belgium, operating scheduled and chartered flights, mostly on short-haul routes. It served a multitude of regional European destinations on behalf of Sabena during the 1990s and early 2000s.
American Solar Challenge
The American Solar Challenge (ASC), previously known as the North American Solar Challenge and Sunrayce, is a solar car race across the United States. In the race, teams from colleges and universities throughout North America design, build, test, and race solar-powered vehicles in a long distance road rally-style event. ASC is a test of teamwork, engineering skill, and endurance that stretches across thousands of miles of public roads.

The competition occurs every two years in the summer of even years. ASC 2020 was postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Solar car racing
Solar car racing refers to competitive races of electric vehicles which are powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car (solar cars). The first solar car race was the Tour de Sol in 1985 which led to several similar races in Europe, US and Australia. Such challenges are often entered by universities to develop their students' engineering and technological skills, but many business corporations have entered competitions in the past. A small number of high school teams participate in solar car races designed exclusively for high school students.
Ware Tetralogy
The Ware Tetralogy is a series of four science fiction novels by author Rudy Rucker: Software (1982), Wetware (1988), Freeware (1997) and Realware (2000).

The first two books both received the Philip K. Dick Award for best novel. The closest to the cyberpunk genre of all his works, the tetralogy explores themes such as rapid technological change, generational differences, consciousness, mortality and recreational drug use.

In 2010, Prime Books published The Ware Tetralogy: Four Novels by Rudy Rucker, which collects the entire series in a single paperback volume and includes an introduction by noted cyberpunk author William Gibson. The online version of The Ware Tetralogy was simultaneously released for free distribution under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No-Derivative License.

Software (novel)
Software is a 1982 cyberpunk science fiction novel written by Rudy Rucker. It won the first Philip K. Dick Award in 1983. The novel is the first book in Rucker's Ware Tetralogy, and was followed by a sequel, Wetware, in 1988.
Hermann von Ihering
Hermann Friedrich Albert von Ihering (Kiel, 9 October 1850 – Giessen, 24 February 1930) was a  German Brazilian doctor, professor and ornithologist. He was the oldest son of Rudolf von Jhering.

Between 1893 and 1894, Ihering also helped to found the Museu Paulista, in São Paulo, and became its first director.

Rudolf von Jhering
Caspar Rudolph Ritter von Jhering (German: [ˈjeːrɪŋ]; also Ihering; 22 August 1818 – 17 September 1892) was a German jurist. He is best known for his 1872 book Der Kampf ums Recht (The Struggle for Law), as a legal scholar, and as the founder of a modern sociological and historical school of law. His ideas were important to the subsequent development of the "jurisprudence of interests" in Germany.
Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta is a part of the aorta located in the thorax. It is a continuation of the aortic arch. It is located within the posterior mediastinal cavity, but frequently bulges into the left pleural cavity. The descending thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta.

At its commencement, it is situated on the left of the vertebral column; it approaches the median line as it descends; and, at its termination, lies directly in front of the column.

The thoracic aorta has a curved shape that faces forward, and has small branches. It has a radius of approximately 1.16 cm.

Aorta
The aorta (/eɪˈɔːrtə/ ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation.