hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grießbach
Grießbach is a village and a former municipality in the Ore Mountains in Saxony, Germany. It was absorbed into the municipality Venusberg in 1999, and became part of the municipality Drebach in January 2010. It counts approximately 690 inhabitants.

Drebach
Drebach is a municipality in the district of Erzgebirgskreis, in Saxony, Germany. It consists of the Ortsteile (divisions) Drebach, Grießbach, Im Grund, Scharfenstein, Spinnerei, Venusberg, Wilischthal and Wiltzsch.
Criticality (status)
In the operation of a nuclear reactor, criticality or critical state is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining but not growing. Subcriticality or subcritical state is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is not self-sustaining. Supercriticality or supercritical state is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining and growing. Sometimes, less preferably, criticality takes a wider definition, and refers to the any state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining, no matter growing or not (encompassing criticality in strict definition and supercriticality).

In terms of reactivity, reactivity is 0 in criticality, less than 0 in subcriticality, greater than 0 in supercriticality. In terms of effective neutron multiplication factor (Keff), Keff is 1 in criticality, less than 1 in subcriticality, greater than 1 in supercriticality.

Prompt criticality
In nuclear engineering, prompt criticality is the criticality (the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining) that is achieved with prompt neutrons alone (without the efforts of delayed neutrons). As a result, prompt supercriticality causes a much more rapid growth in the rate of energy release than other forms of criticality. Nuclear weapons are based on prompt criticality, while nuclear reactors rely on delayed neutrons or external neutrons to achieve criticality.
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (26 June 1600 – 1 October 1659) was a Spanish politician, administrator, and Catholic clergyman in 17th century Spain and a viceroy of Mexico.

Palafox was the Bishop of Puebla (1640−1655), and the interim Archbishop of Mexico (1640−1642). He also held political office, from 10 June 1642 to 23 November 1642 as the Viceroy of New Spain. He lost a high-profile struggle with the Jesuits in New Spain, resulting in a recall to Spain, to the Diocese of Osma in Old Castile. Although a case was opened for his beatification shortly after he died in 1659, he was not designated "Blessed" until 2011.

Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona
Don Diego Roque López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla, 7th Duke of Escalona, 7th Marquess of Villena and 7th Count of Xiquena (16 August 1599, La Mancha, Spain – 27 February 1653, Pamplona, Spain) was a Spanish nobleman who was viceroy of New Spain from August 28, 1640, to June 10, 1642.
Lamont Sincere
Albert Lamont Brown (born May 3, 1989) formerly known as Lamont Sincere is an American mixing engineer, singer, songwriter and record producer from Brooklyn, New York. He gained credibility for his single "Huge Flirt" featuring Bagstheboss and collaborated with the Harlem native ASAP Mob member ASAP TyY for "Surrounded by Girls". He is currently under 2x Entertainment, founded by rapper Casanova. He is known for mixing records for Motown Records artist Cam Wallace and featured artist Wiz Khalifa.

Casanova (rapper)
Caswell Senior (born October 27, 1986), known professionally as Casanova, is an American rapper from Brooklyn, New York City. In October 2016, following the local success of his debut single "Don't Run", he signed with Memphis Bleek's Warehouse Music Group and Jay-Z's Roc Nation.

In 2020, he was indicted on RICO charges alongside 17 others, due to various criminal activities that his Bloods gang "Untouchable Gorilla Stone Nation" allegedly participated in, and sentenced to 15 years.
Josh Tenorio
Joshua Franquez Tenorio (born December 29, 1973) is a Guamanian politician and businessman currently serving as the tenth lieutenant governor of Guam since January 7, 2019. He is the first openly gay lieutenant governor elected in the United States and is a member of the Democratic Party.

Carl Gutierrez
Carl Tommy Cruz Gutierrez (born October 15, 1941) is an American (U.S. citizen) politician who was the sixth governor of Guam, serving two four-year terms with Lieutenant Governor Madeleine Bordallo from January 2, 1995, to January 6, 2003. Gutierrez previously served a total of nine terms as a Senator in the Guam Legislature and was chosen by his colleagues to serve as Speaker of the 17th and 18th Guam Legislatures, respectively.

In addition to Governor Gutierrez' two successful elections as Governor with running mate Madeleine Bordallo, Governor Gutierrez ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1978, with running mate Dr. Joseph Dizon, in 1986 with Senator John P. Aguon, in 2006 with former Chief Justice Senator Benjamin J.F. Cruz and in 2010 with Senator Frank B. Aguon, Jr. Governor Gutierrez has remained active in public life for a period spanning four decades. He was again defeated in the 2014 gubernatorial election, in which his running mate was Gary Gumataotao.
The Devil (2025 film)
The Devil is a 2025 Indian Kannada-language political action thriller film written and directed by Prakash Veer and produced by Veer and J. Jayamma under the banners of Sri Jaimatha Combines, Vaishno Studios, and Saregama. The film features Darshan in a dual role, supported by Rachana Rai, Mahesh Manjrekar, Achyuth Kumar, Sharmiela Mandre, Roger Narayan, Shobaraj, and Srinivas Prabhu.

Principal photography for the film began in Bengaluru on 22 March 2024 but was temporarily halted in mid‑2024, when Darshan was arrested; filming resumed in February 2025. The cinematography is handled by Sudhakar S. Raj, and the music is composed by B. Ajaneesh Loknath.

The Devil premiered in theatres in Karnataka on 11 December 2025, with a runtime of 169 minutes. It received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics.

Murder of Renukaswamy
Renukaswamy (1991 – 8 June 2024) was a resident of Chitradurga who was kidnapped and murdered  by a group of men in Bengalaru in 2024; the gang was allegedly working with or for Kannada actor Darshan and would have attacked the victim in retaliation for lewd messages sent to Darshan's long-time partner, Pavithra Gowda. As of 2025, the criminal case was still being investigated. In October 2025, they charged with Renukasway's death.
Jishō
Jishō (治承) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Angen and before Yōwa.  This period spanned the years from August 1177 through July 1181.  The reigning emperors were Takakura-tennō (高倉天皇) and Antoku-tennō (安徳天皇).

Emperor Takakura
Emperor Takakura (高倉天皇, Takakura-tennō; 20 September 1161 – 30 January 1181) was the 80th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1168 through 1180.
The Good Bargain
"The Good Bargain" (German: Der Gute Handel) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, KHM 7. This antisemitic fairytale was added to the Grimms' collection Kinder- und Hausmärchen with the second edition of 1819. It is a tale of Aarne–Thompson type 1642.  A similar anti-Semitic tale collected by the Grimms' is The Jew Among Thorns (Der Jude im Dorn).

Grimms' Fairy Tales
Grimms' Fairy Tales (German: Grimms Märchen), originally known as the Children's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen, pronounced [ˌkɪndɐ ʔʊnt ˈhaʊsmɛːɐ̯çən], commonly abbreviated as KHM), is a German collection of fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, first published on 20 December 1812. Vol. 1 of the first edition contained 86 stories, which were followed by 70 more tales, numbered consecutively, in the 1st edition, Vol. 2, in 1815. By the seventh edition in 1857, the corpus of tales had expanded to 200 tales and 10 "Children's Legends". It is considered the seminal work of Western children's literature and is listed by UNESCO in its Memory of the World Register.
Estrellas Poker Tour
The Estrellas Poker Tour (ESPT) started in April 2010, is a major regional poker tour in the Spain. The ESPT is sponsored by PokerStars.com.

Discontinued: In 2024, PokerStars announced the new PokerStars Open that replaces the following tours: EKA (Eureka Poker Tour), UKIPT (UK and Ireland Poker Tour), FPS (France Poker Series) and ESPT (Estrellas Poker Tour), starting in March 2025.

PokerStars
PokerStars is an online poker cardroom. It is the largest real money online poker site in the world, controlling over two-thirds of the total online poker market, and can be accessed through downloadable poker clients for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

A PokerStars.com online satellite tournament produced the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) champion, Chris Moneymaker. As the first person to become a world champion by qualifying at an online poker site, Moneymaker's 2003 win was an important factor in catalyzing the poker boom of the mid-2000s. The press has called this the "Moneymaker effect."

PokerStars was part of The Stars Group until it was sold to Flutter Entertainment, owner of the Irish gambling company Paddy Power, on May 5, 2020.
CSA Women's T20 Challenge
The CSA Women's T20 Challenge, previously known as the CSA Women's Provincial T20 Competition, is a women's domestic Twenty20 cricket competition organised by Cricket South Africa. The tournament began in the 2012–13 season, and currently sees sixteen teams competing.

Western Province are the most successful side in the history of the competition, with seven title wins. Central Gauteng are the current holders, winning the 2022–23 tournament.

Central Gauteng women's cricket team
The Central Gauteng women's cricket team, also known as DP World Lions and previously known as Southern Transvaal women's cricket team, Transvaal women's cricket team and Gauteng women's cricket team, is the women's representative cricket team for part of the South African province of Gauteng. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge.
Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
The Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal was instituted by King William IV in 1830. The medal remained in use for 100 years, until it was replaced by the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military) in 1930. During that time the reverse of the medal remained virtually unchanged, while the design of the obverse was altered during the reigns of Queen Victoria, King Edward VII and King George V.

Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military)
The Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military) is a medal awarded to regular members of the armed forces. It was instituted by King George V in 1930 and replaced the Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal as well as the Permanent Forces of the Empire Beyond the Seas Medal. The medal was originally awarded to Regular Army warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the UK Armed Forces. It also had a number of territorial versions for the Permanent Forces of the British Dominions. The eligibility criteria were relaxed in 1947 to also allow the award of the medal to officers who had served a minimum period in the ranks before being commissioned. Since 2016, the eligibility was widened to include officers who had never served in the ranks, and so the medal can now be awarded to all regular members of the British Armed Forces who meet the required length of service.
Ashok Kumar Sarkar
Ashok Kumar Sarkar (7 October 1912 – 17 February 1983) was the editor-in-chief and owner of Anandabazar Patrika and ABP Group from 1958 to 1983 after death of Prafulla Kumar Sarkar the inaugural editor of Anandabazar Patrika.

Anandabazar Patrika
Anandabazar Patrika is a Bengali-language broadsheet daily newspaper published in Kolkata, India, and owned by the ABP Group. First issued on 13 March 1922 as a four-page evening paper and noted for its bold stance against colonial rule, earning the nickname “danger signal” in contemporary British press. It has grown to become one of India's top regional-language newspapers, with a certified average circulation of 802,289 copies for January–June 2022.

The paper is currently edited by Ishani Dutta Ray. Its major competitors include Bartaman, Ei Samay, Sangbad Pratidin, Aajkal, Jago Bangla, Ganashakti and Dainik Statesman—as noted in regional media landscape surveys.
Partition function (number theory)
In number theory, the partition function p(n) represents the number of possible partitions of a non-negative integer n. For instance, p(4) = 5 because the integer 4 has the five partitions 1 + 1 + 1 + 1, 1 + 1 + 2, 1 + 3, 2 + 2, and 4.

No closed-form expression for the partition function is known, but it has both asymptotic expansions that accurately approximate it and recurrence relations by which it can be calculated exactly. It grows as an exponential function of the square root of its argument. The multiplicative inverse of its generating function is the Euler function; by Euler's pentagonal number theorem, this function is an alternating sum of pentagonal number powers of its argument.

Srinivasa Ramanujan first discovered that the partition function has nontrivial patterns in modular arithmetic, now known as Ramanujan's congruences. For instance, whenever the decimal representation of n ends in the digit 4 or 9, the number of partitions of n will be divisible by 5.

Asymptotic analysis
In mathematical analysis, asymptotic analysis, also known as asymptotics, is a method of describing limiting behavior.

As an illustration, suppose that we are interested in the properties of a function f (n) as n becomes very large. If f(n) = n2 + 3n, then as n becomes very large, the term 3n becomes insignificant compared to n2. The function f(n) is said to be "asymptotically equivalent to n2, as n → ∞". This is often written symbolically as f (n) ~ n2, which is read as "f(n) is asymptotic to n2."

An example of an important asymptotic result is the prime number theorem. Let π(x) denote the prime-counting function (which is not directly related to the constant pi), i.e. π(x) is the number of prime numbers that are less than or equal to x. Then the theorem states that
Aplow
Aplow, Valuwa, or Valuga, is a village located on the eastern part of Mota Lava, in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu. Located close to it is the island's airport, Valua Airport.

Aplow also designates the whole district around this village, corresponding to the eastern side of the island; in this sense, Aplow contrasts with Mwotlap, which strictly speaking designates the western half of Motalava island.

The area of Aplow used to be home of a communalect (language or dialect) known as Volow. Volow become extinct in the 1980s, as its speakers adopted the dominant language Mwotlap from the western side.

Mwotlap language
Mwotlap (pronounced [ŋ͡mʷɔtˈlap]; formerly known as Motlav) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,100 people in Vanuatu. The majority of speakers are found on the island of Motalava in the Banks Islands, with smaller communities in the islands of Ra (or Aya) and Vanua Lava, as well as migrant groups in the two main cities of the country, Santo and Port Vila.

Mwotlap was first described in any detail in 2001, by the linguist Alexandre François.

Volow, which used to be spoken on the same island, may be considered a dialect or a separate language.
Justin Jones (Tennessee politician)
Justin Jones (born August 25, 1995) is an American activist and politician from the state of Tennessee. A member of the Democratic Party, he serves in the Tennessee House of Representatives for District 52, representing parts of Nashville. As of 2025, Jones is the second youngest member of the Tennessee House of Representatives, and the youngest Democratic lawmaker. He was expelled in April 2023 for violating decorum rules by leading a gun control protest on the House floor after the 2023 Covenant school shooting. The Nashville Metro Council voted unanimously to reinstate Jones as an interim representative pending a special election to fill the seat. He later won a special election in August 2023 to continue serving as a full member, and again in November 2024 to serve his second term.

2023 Nashville school shooting
On March 27, 2023, a mass shooting occurred at The Covenant School, a Presbyterian Church in America parochial elementary school in the Green Hills neighborhood of Nashville, Tennessee, United States, when 28-year-old Aiden Hale killed three nine‑year‑old children and three adults before being shot and killed by two Metropolitan Nashville Police Department (MNPD) officers. Hale was a former student of the school who had been planning the attack for years. It is the deadliest school shooting in Tennessee history.

In April 2025, the MNPD closed its investigation into the shooting, concluding that Hale had been motivated by numerous factors, including a desire for notoriety and media attention. Hale had chosen The Covenant School because he considered the years he attended the school to be the happiest of his life and he wanted to die somewhere that made him happy.
Tearing Up the Album Chart
Tearing Up the Album Chart is an album by the band Go-Kart Mozart.  It was released in 2005 on West Midland's Records, a subsidiary of Cherry Red. It was former Felt and Denim frontman Lawrence's second album under the alias Go Kart Mozart. Tracks 5, 8, 9 and 12 were originally recorded for the unreleased Denim album Denim Take Over.

In 2019, Lawrence announced his dissatisfaction with the album, stating it was a collection of demos that were issued during a rough period in his life, and that he plans to remix and re-record the album under the title Renovating The Album Charts.  The title of the album was later changed to Tower Block in a Jam Jar, and is set for release October 2025.

Lawrence (musician)
Lawrence Hayward, known mononymously as Lawrence, is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is known as the frontman in the English indie pop bands Felt, Denim, and Mozart Estate (formerly Go-Kart Mozart).
Peter Bayley (literary critic)
Peter Charles Bayley (25 January 1921 – 3 November 2015) was an English literary critic and academic. He was a fellow at University College, Oxford (1949–1972), the first Principal of Collingwood College, Durham (1972–1978), and Professor of English at the University of St Andrews (1978–1985).

University College, Oxford
University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded by William of Durham in 1249.

As of 2024, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £156.679 million, and their total net assets amounted to £255.431 million.

The college is associated with a number of influential people, including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Festus Mogae, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, R.F. Kuang, William Beveridge, Bob Hawke, Robert Cecil, Tom Hooper, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Christian Cole, the first Black student to graduate from the university.
Jeff Ross
Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz (born September 13, 1965) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, director and producer. He is nicknamed the "Roastmaster General" for his insult comedy, his multiple appearances at celebrity roasts held by the New York Friars Club, the Comedy Central Roast television series, and the Netflix historical comedy series Historical Roasts. In 2009 the Chicago Tribune called Ross "the new millennium Don Rickles." His directorial debut, the 2006 documentary Patriot Act: A Jeffrey Ross Home Movie, won the prize for Best Film at the Comedia film festival held at the Just for Laughs comedy festival in Montreal.

Comedy Central Roast
Comedy Central Roast is a series of celebrity roast specials that air on the American television channel Comedy Central. The first official Comedy Central Roast premiered on August 10, 2003. The network typically airs one or two roasts every year. Eight to ten people are invited, and they each roast one another before finally roasting the titular subject of the roast. As of 2019, seventeen roasts have aired. Targets of roasts have included musicians, actors and comedians. Since 2010, Comedy Central affiliates outside the United States have occasionally produced their own roasts; twelve such roasts have aired so far, in five countries.
Montecito, California
Montecito (archaic use of Spanish for woodland or countryside) is an unincorporated town in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, Montecito sits between the Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Montecito is best known for its concentration of prominent and wealthy residents. In 2024, the median home price was $7.5 million. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Montecito as a census-designated place (CDP). The population as of 2022 is approximately 8,638 residents.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
4TU
4TU (stylized as 4TU.Federation) is the federation of the four Dutch universities of technology:

Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)

Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e)

University of Twente (UT)

Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR)

It was founded in 2007 as 3TU and was renamed to 4TU in 2016, in response to the entry of WUR.

The federation aims at maximizing innovation by concentrating the strengths in research, education and knowledge transfer of all technical universities in the Netherlands.

University of Twente
The University of Twente (Dutch: Universiteit Twente [ynivɛrsiˌtɛi(t) ˈtʋɛntə]; abbr. UT) is a public technical university located in Enschede, Netherlands.
The university has been placed in the top 170 universities in the world by multiple central ranking tables. In addition, the UT was ranked the best technical university in the Netherlands by Keuzegids Universiteiten, the most significant national university ranking.
The UT collaborates with Delft University of Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology and the Wageningen University and Research Centre under the umbrella of 4TU and is also a partner in the European Consortium of Innovative Universities (ECIU).