hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhododendron Wood
Rhododendron wood is a garden on the southern slopes of Leith Hill in Surrey, England. It is of historic and horticultural significance, noted for its collection of rare rhododendrons and redwood trees

Leith Hill
Leith Hill in southern England is the highest summit of the Greensand Ridge, approximately 6.7 km (4 mi) southwest of Dorking, Surrey and 40.5 km (25 mi) southwest of central London. It reaches 294 m (965 ft) above sea level, and is the second highest point in southeast England, after Walbury Hill in southwest Berkshire, (which is 297 m (974 ft) high).  Leith Hill is the highest ground for 79 km (49 mi).

Four areas of woodland surrounding the hill comprise the 337.9-hectare (835-acre) Leith Hill Site of Special Scientific Interest, although the summit is excluded from this designation.

The nearest railway station is Holmwood station, 3.6 km (2 mi) to the east, served by Southern trains to London Victoria.
Aero Ae 01
The Aero Ae 01 was a Czechoslovak military trainer biplane built in 1919 and was Aero's first attempt to modify one of the aircraft designs they had been manufacturing under licence during World War I, the Hansa-Brandenburg B.I. It was designed by Antonín Vlasák under the direction of  Jan Kouril. The project was originally designated as Ae 10, but later re-designated to Ae 01. The army operated the aircraft under designation A-1.

General characteristics

Crew: 2

Length: 8.5 m (27 ft 11 in)

Wingspan: 12.9 m (42 ft 4 in)

Height: 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)

Wing area: 35.6 m2 (383 sq ft)

Empty weight: 715 kg (1,576 lb)

Gross weight: 970 kg (2,138 lb)

Powerplant: 1 × Breitfeld-Daněk Blesk 6-cyl. water-cooled in-line piston engine, 74 kW (99 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 110 km/h (68 mph, 59 kn)

Range: 250 km (160 mi, 130 nmi)

Service ceiling: 3,500 m (11,500 ft)

Rate of climb: 1.75 m/s (344 ft/min)

Hansa-Brandenburg B.I
The Hansa-Brandenburg B.I was an unarmed military trainer and reconnaissance biplane of World War I, flown by the Austro-Hungarian Air Service. Early models were known internally to the Hansa-Brandenburg firm as the type D, while later models with a more powerful engine were designated FD. This aircraft was one of the earliest designs of Ernst Heinkel, who was working for Hansa-Brandenburg at the time. It was an entirely conventional two-bay biplane with staggered wings of unequal span. The pilot and observer sat in tandem in a long open cockpit.

The aircraft was produced under license by Aero, both during the war and afterwards (when it became known as the Aero Ae 01), and also by Letov, as the Š10. Experience gained with this design would provide Aero with the basis for a number of derivative civil and military designs throughout the 1920s.

The design formed the basis for the C.I and C.II armed reconnaissance types.
SV.League
SV.League, a.k.a. the Daido Life SV.League (大同生命 SV.LEAGUE) for sponsorship reasons, is the top-level professional volleyball league for both men and women in Japan since 2024.

The league succeeded the V.League as the premier volleyball tournament in Japan.

V.League (Japan)
The V.League (Japanese: Vリーグ) is the second-level professional volleyball league for both men and women in Japan. The league started in 1994.

The competitions are organized by the Japan Volleyball League Organization. The league was called V.Premier League before the reform took place in 2018. The SV.League succeeded the V.League as the premier volleyball tournament in Japan in 2024.
Moskenes Municipality
Moskenes is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The municipality comprises the southern part of the island of Moskenesøya in the traditional district of Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Reine. Other villages include Sørvågen, Hamnøya, and Å.

The 119-square-kilometre (46 sq mi) municipality is the 322nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Moskenes Municipality is the 338th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 954. The municipality's population density is 8 inhabitants per square kilometre (21/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 13.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipal government owes 100 million kr (as of 2022), and the significance of this debt has made it difficult to find a neighboring municipality that is interested in merging with Moskenes.

Reine
Reine is the administrative centre of Moskenes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The fishing village is located on the island of Moskenesøya in the Lofoten archipelago, above the Arctic Circle, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) southwest of the city of Tromsø. Reine Church is located in the village.

The 0.28-square-kilometre (69-acre) village has a population (2023) of 297 and a population density of 1,061 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,750/sq mi).
St. Johns, Michigan
St. Johns or Saint Johns is the largest city in and the county seat of Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 7,698 at the 2020 census.

St. Johns is located in the north of Clinton County, surrounded by Bingham Township (although the two are administered independently). St. Johns is about 18 miles (29 km) north of Lansing, Michigan's capital city, and is part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area. St. Johns has been nicknamed the "Mint Capital of the World".

Bingham Township, Clinton County, Michigan
Bingham Township is a civil township of Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 2,919.

The township is named for politician Kinsley S. Bingham, who served as Michigan's 11th governor and also a U.S. representative and senator.  Bingham Township surrounds the city of St. Johns, but the two are administered autonomously.
Skaw, Unst
Skaw is a settlement in the Scottish archipelago of Shetland, located on the island of Unst. It is located north of Haroldswick on a peninsula in the northeast corner of the island, and is the most northerly settlement in the United Kingdom. It is currently inhabited by a single inhabitant whose business is sheep farming.

Unst
Unst (/ˈʌnst/; Norn: Ønst) is one of the North Isles of the Shetland Islands, Scotland. It is the northernmost of the inhabited British Isles and is the third-largest island in Shetland after Mainland and Yell. It has an area of 46 sq mi (120 km2).

Unst is largely grassland, with coastal cliffs. Its main village is Baltasound, formerly the second-largest herring fishing port after Lerwick and now the location of a leisure centre and the island's airport. Other settlements include Uyeasound, home to Greenwell's Booth (a Hanseatic warehouse) and Muness Castle (built in 1598 and sacked by pirates in 1627); and Haroldswick, location of a boat museum and a heritage centre.
Calumet Bluff
Calumet Bluff is a hill about 180 feet high overlooking Lewis and Clark Lake and the Missouri River in Cedar County, Nebraska, U.S., where the Lewis and Clark Expedition held its first council with the Sioux Indians for two days in 1804. Today the Bluff forms the right or south abutment of the Gavins Point Dam. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers maintains the Lewis and Clark Visitor Center and the Gavins Point Project Administration Offices on Calumet Bluff overlooking the dam.

Lewis and Clark Lake
Lewis and Clark Lake is a 31,400 acre (130 km2) reservoir located on the border of the U.S. states of Nebraska and South Dakota on the Missouri River. The lake is approximately 25 miles (40 km) in length with over 90 miles (140 km) of shoreline and a maximum water depth of 45 feet (14 m). The lake is impounded by Gavins Point Dam and is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District.
Renault Sport Series
The Renault Sport Series (formerly known as World Series by Renault) was a motor racing series. The series latterly consisted of the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0, and used to contain the Renault Sport Trophy and the Formula Renault 3.5 Series. The F4 Eurocup 1.6 was made part of the World Series in 2010, but was then folded for 2011. The flagship for the Renault Sport Series from its beginning to 2015 was the Formula Renault 3.5 Series (often referred to as simply World Series by Renault or simply WSR). It became the Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, when Renault Sport retired its backing. In 2020 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 folded into the Formula Regional European Championship.

World Series Formula V8 3.5
The World Series Formula V8 3.5, formerly the World Series by Nissan from 1998 to 2004, the Formula Renault 3.5 Series from 2005 to 2015 and the Formula V8 3.5 in 2016 and 2017, was a motor racing series promoted by RPM Racing (1998–2004) and Renault Sport (2005–2015).
United Socialist Movement
The United Socialist Movement (USM) was an anarcho-communist political organisation based in Glasgow. Founded in 1934 after splitting from the Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation, the USM initially aimed to unite revolutionary socialists into an anti-fascist alliance and played a role in the early discussions on the founding of a "Fourth International". During the Spanish Civil War, it shifted its policies away from unconditional anti-fascism towards a revolutionary anti-militarism, which going into World War II led the USM into attempting to form a "Socialist-Pacifist alliance" and even collaborating with some reactionary elements in their opposition to the war. After the war, left with only a small old guard of anarchists and anti-parliamentarists, the USM again shifted its focus towards abstentionism, running unsuccessfully in a number of elections before its eventual dissolution in 1965.

Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation
The Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation (APCF) was a communist group in the United Kingdom. It was founded by the group around Guy Aldred's Spur newspaper – mostly former Communist League members – in 1921. They included John McGovern.
MyRapid Card
The My Rapid Touch 'n Go is a contactless smart card used for the payment of public transportation fares of Rapid KL services in Malaysia, with limited use in the parking payments for Rapid KL Park N Ride facilities.

Introduced in July 2011, it is extended to 3 4 LRT Sri Petaling Line and 5 LRT Kelana Jaya Line in November 2011 as well as 8 Monorail Line in February 2012. Rapid Kuantan buses in Pahang adopted the MyRapid card in 2015.

Touch 'n Go
Touch 'n Go is a contactless smart card system used for electronic payments in Malaysia. The system was introduced in 1997 and is widely used for toll payments on highways, public transportation, parking, and other services. The card is equipped with a radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip that allows users to make payments by simply tapping the card on a reader device. Touch 'n Go cards can be reloaded with funds either online or at designated reload kiosks. The system has become a popular and convenient way for Malaysians to make cashless transactions.
Variscite
Variscite is a hydrated aluminium phosphate mineral (AlPO4·2H2O). It is a relatively rare phosphate mineral. It is sometimes confused with turquoise; however, variscite is usually greener in color. The green color results from the presence of small amounts of trivalent chromium (Cr3+).

Turquoise
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone for millennia due to its hue.

The robin egg blue or sky blue color of the Persian turquoise mined near the modern city of Nishapur, Iran, has been used as a guiding reference for evaluating turquoise quality.

Like most other opaque gems, turquoise has been devalued by the introduction of treatments, imitations, and synthetics into the market.
Meuse (department)
Meuse (French pronunciation: [møz] ⓘ) is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse. Meuse is part of the current region of Grand Est and is landlocked and borders by the French departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Belgium to the north. Parts of Meuse belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. It had a population of 184,083 in 2019. Front lines in trench warfare during World War I ran varying courses through the department and it hosted an important battle/offensive in 1916 in and around Verdun.

Haute-Marne
Haute-Marne (French pronunciation: [ot maʁn] ⓘ; English: Upper Marne) is a department in the Grand Est region of Northeastern France. Named after the river Marne, its prefecture is Chaumont. In 2019, it had a population of 172,512.
Completely multiplicative function
In number theory, functions of positive integers which respect products are important and are called completely multiplicative functions or totally multiplicative functions.  A weaker condition is also important, respecting only products of coprime numbers, and such functions are called multiplicative functions.  Outside of number theory, the term "multiplicative function" is often taken to be synonymous with "completely multiplicative function" as defined in this article.

Multiplicative function
In number theory, a multiplicative function is an arithmetic function  of a positive integer  with the property that  and 
 whenever  and  are coprime.

An arithmetic function is said to be completely multiplicative (or totally multiplicative) if  and  holds for all positive integers  and , even when they are not coprime.
Future of the Left
Future of the Left are a British alternative rock band formed in Cardiff. The group consists of Mclusky members Andrew Falkous (vocals, guitar) and Jack Egglestone (drums) and former Million Dead bassist Julia Ruzicka.

Million Dead
Million Dead were an English post-hardcore band from London, originally active between 2000 and 2005, before reuniting in 2025 for a one-off festival appearance at 2000 Trees and a headline tour concluding at the Electric Ballroom in London on December 14th 2025.
Daisy May Cooper
Daisy May Cooper (born 1985 or 1986) is an English actress and writer. She won the 2018 BAFTA TV Award for Best Female Comedy Performance for playing Kerry Mucklowe in the BBC Three series This Country, which she co-created and co-wrote with her younger brother, Charlie Cooper.

Charlie Cooper (actor)
Charlie Cooper is an English actor, comedian and writer, known for his role as Lee "Kurtan" Mucklowe in the BBC Three series This Country, which he co-created and co-wrote alongside his older sister, Daisy May Cooper.
Enrique Pla y Deniel
Enrique Pla y Deniel (19 December 1876 – 5 July 1968) was a Spanish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He came from a wealthy Barcelona family and trained at the local seminary and the Gregorian University in Rome before an early career in journalism and seminary teaching.  He took possession of the Salamancan see in 1935. "His seven years in Salamanca, from where he played a crucial role in the construction of General Franco's crusade, were rewarded with elevation to the primatial see of Toledo". He served as Archbishop of Toledo from 1941 until his death, and he was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII.

Archdiocese of Toledo
The Archdiocese of Toledo (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Toletana) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Spain. They are also the Primates of Spain. It was, according to tradition, established in the 1st century by James the Great and was elevated to an archdiocese in 313 after the Edict of Milan. The incumbent Metropolitan Archbishop also bears the title Primate of Spain and since 1937 the title General Vicar of the Armies (but the pastoral care for the Spanish armed forces is now provided, since 1986, by the Military Archbishopric of Spain)
Pharyngeal arch
The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral arches, are transient structures seen in the embryonic development of humans and other vertebrates, that are recognisable precursors for many structures. In fish, the arches support the gills and are known as the branchial arches, or gill arches.

In the human embryo, the arches are first seen during the fourth week of development. They appear as a series of outpouchings of mesoderm on both sides of the developing pharynx. The vasculature of the pharyngeal arches are the aortic arches that arise from the aortic sac.

Aortic arches
The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries (previously referred to as branchial arches in human embryos) are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to the great arteries of the neck and head. They are ventral to the dorsal aorta and arise from the aortic sac.

The aortic arches are formed sequentially within the pharyngeal arches and initially appear symmetrical on both sides of the embryo, but then undergo a significant remodelling to form the final asymmetrical structure of the great arteries.
West Quantoxhead
West Quantoxhead (St Audries) is a small village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It lies on the route of the Coleridge Way and on the A39 road at the foot of the Quantock Hills, 3 miles (5 km) from East Quantoxhead, 2.5 miles (4 km) from Williton and equidistant from Bridgwater and Taunton. The parish includes the hamlets of Weacombe and Lower Weacombe.

West  Quantoxhead is also known as St Audries. The St Audries Manor Estate was named for the dedication of the parish church to Æthelthryth known as St Ethelreda, who was also known as St Audrey.

East Quantoxhead
East Quantoxhead is a village, 3 miles (5 km) from West Quantoxhead, 4 miles (6 km) east of Williton, and 13 miles (21 km) west of Bridgwater, within the Quantock Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Somerset, England.
Anglican Church in America
The Anglican Church in America (ACA) was a Continuing Anglican church body and the United States branch of the Traditional Anglican Church (TAC). The ACA, which is separate from the Episcopal Church (TEC), is not a member of the Anglican Communion. It comprised five dioceses and around 5,200 members. In 2025, the church's House of Bishops unanimously voted to reunite with the Anglican Catholic Church and disaffiliate with Traditional Anglican Church. On October 15 of the same year, the Anglican Catholic Church received the Anglican Church in America and the ACA ceased to exist.

Anglican Catholic Church
The Anglican Catholic Church (ACC), also known as the Anglican Catholic Church (Original Province), is a body of Christians in the continuing Anglican movement, which is separate from the Anglican Communion. This denomination is separate from the Anglican Catholic Church in Australia and the Anglican Catholic Church of Canada.

The continuing Anglican movement, including the Anglican Catholic Church, grew out of the 1977 Congress of St. Louis. Within historic Anglicanism the ACC sees itself as "rooted in a Catholic stream of faith and practice that embraces Henrician Catholicism, the theological method of Hooker and the Carolines, the piety and learning of Andrewes, the recovering liturgical practice of the Non-Jurors, the Oxford Movement, through the Ritualists, to modern Anglo-Catholicism."
William Hazlitt (Unitarian minister)
William Hazlitt (18 April 1737 – 16 July 1820) was a Unitarian minister and author, and the father of the Romantic essayist and social commentator of the same name. He was an important figure in eighteenth-century English and American Unitarianism, and had a major influence on his son's work.

William Hazlitt
William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English essayist, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher. He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell. He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age. Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.

During his lifetime he befriended many people who are now part of the 19th-century literary canon, including Charles and Mary Lamb, Stendhal, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and John Keats.
Ammonium ferric citrate
Ammonium ferric citrate (also known as ferric ammonium citrate or ammoniacal ferrous citrate) has the formula [NH4]{y}[Fe{x}(C6H4O7)]. The iron in this compound is trivalent. All three carboxyl groups and the central hydroxyl group of citric acid are deprotonated. A distinguishing feature of this compound is that it is very soluble in water, in contrast to ferric citrate which is not very soluble.

In its crystal structure each moiety of citric acid has lost four protons. The deprotonated hydroxyl group and two of the carboxylate groups ligate to the ferric center, while the third carboxylate group coordinates with the ammonium.

Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.
Generalized Verma module
In mathematics, generalized Verma modules are a generalization of a (true) Verma module, and are objects in the representation theory of Lie algebras. They were studied originally by James Lepowsky in the 1970s. The motivation for their study is that their homomorphisms correspond to invariant differential operators over generalized flag manifolds. The study of these operators is an important part of the theory of parabolic geometries.

Verma module
Verma modules, named after Daya-Nand Verma, are objects in the representation theory of Lie algebras, a branch of mathematics.

Verma modules can be used in the classification of irreducible representations of a complex semisimple Lie algebra. Specifically, although Verma modules themselves are infinite dimensional, quotients of them can be used to construct finite-dimensional representations with highest weight , where  is dominant and integral. Their homomorphisms correspond to invariant differential operators over flag manifolds.
Chad Hurley
Chad Meredith Hurley (born January 24, 1977) is an American webmaster and businessman who served as the chief executive officer (CEO) of YouTube from its founding until 2010, when he became an advisor to the company. He also co-founded MixBit, a since closed video sharing service. In October 2006, he and Steve Chen sold YouTube for $1.65 billion to Google. Hurley worked in eBay's PayPal division, where one of his tasks involved designing the original PayPal logo, before co-founding YouTube with fellow PayPal employees Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. Hurley was primarily responsible for the tagging and video-sharing aspects of YouTube.

Steve Chen
Steve Chen (Chinese: 陳士駿; Wade–Giles: Chen Shih-chün; born August 25, 1978) is a Taiwanese-American  software engineer and Internet entrepreneur who is a co-founder and ex CTO of YouTube. After he co-founded AVOS Systems, Inc. and built MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.