hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Áo dài
Áo dài (English: /ˈaʊˈzaɪ/; Vietnamese: [ʔaːw˧˦ zaːj˨˩] (North), [ʔaːw˦˥ jaːj˨˩] (South), lit. “long tunic”) is a traditional Vietnamese outfit consisting of a long split tunic worn over silk trousers. It can serve as formalwear for both men and women.

There are inconsistencies in the term áo dài. The currently most common usage is for a Francized design by Nguyễn Cát Tường (whose shop was named "Le Mur"), which is expressly a women's close-fitting design whose shirt is two pieces of cloth sewn together and fastened with buttons. A more specific term for this design would be "áo dài Le Mur". Other writers, especially those who claim its "traditionality", use áo dài as a general category of garments for both men and women, and include older designs such as áo ngũ thân (five-piece shirt), áo tứ thân (four-piece shirt), áo tấc (loose shirt), áo đối khâm (parallel-flap robe), áo viên lĩnh (round-collar robe), áo giao lĩnh (cross-collar robe), áo trực lĩnh (straight-collar robe).

Áo giao lĩnh
The áo giao lĩnh (襖交領; lit. 'cross-collar robe'), often known as áo tràng vạt (襖長祓) or áo tràng xiên, or simply áo tràng, was a traditional robe worn by Vietnamese before the 19th century. It was influenced from Han Chinese clothing and was typically worn by the royalty, the aristocracy, the nobility, and the commoners. During the Nguyễn dynasty, the áo ngũ thân was commonly worn and the áo giao lĩnh was only worn in formal occasions.
Thermochromism
Thermochromism is the property of substances to change color due to a change in temperature.  A mood ring is an example of this property used in a consumer product, although thermochromism also has more practical uses, such as for baby bottles that change to a different color when cool enough to drink, or kettles that change color when water is at or near boiling point.  Thermochromism is one of several types of chromism.

Mood ring
A mood ring is a finger ring that contains a thermochromic element, or "mood stone", that changes colors based on the temperature of the finger of the wearer. Finger temperature, as long as the ambient temperature is relatively constant, is significantly determined by peripheral blood flow. A mood ring contains liquid crystals that change color depending on the temperature.
Earle Maxwell
Earle Maxwell (born July 8, 1934) is an Australian minister and Salvation Army officer who served as the 19th Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army from 1993 to 1999, as well as the acting General of the Salvation Army in 1994.

Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army
The Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army is a Commissioner appointed by the General of The Salvation Army as the second in command internationally. The Chief of the Staff is stationed at International Headquarters in London.

The office of Chief of the Staff was created in 1880 by General William Booth. The first officer to take the position was his son, Bramwell Booth, in 1881.

The Chief of the Staff also summons all Commissioners and Territorial Commanders of The Salvation Army to form a High Council to elect a new general when a vacancy exists.
Whakahuihui Vercoe
Whakahuihui "Hui" Vercoe PCNZM MBE (4 June 1928 – 13 September 2007) was an Anglican bishop in New Zealand.  He was the Archbishop of New Zealand from 2004 to 2006, the first person from the Māori church to hold that office.  He was also Bishop of Aotearoa from 1981, the first person to be elected to that position by the congregation rather than being appointed by the church hierarchy.  He held both offices until his retirement in 2006.  He was also the first person to become a Principal Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit after the rank was introduced in 2000.

Te Pīhopa o Aotearoa
The Bishop of Aotearoa (Māori: Te Pīhopa o Aotearoa) is a bishop in the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia.  The post was created in 1928. The Bishop of Aotearoa is the most senior bishop of Tikanga Māori and the Ordinary of the Bishopric of Aotearoa which jurisdiction covers the whole of Aotearoa, New Zealand. The Bishop of Aotearoa, is also the Primate and Archbishop of Aotearoa New Zealand & Polynesia. The office of Bishop of Aotearoa is currently held by Archbishop Donald Tamihere, who was installed in April 2018 at Manutuke Marae.
Rank Hovis McDougall
RHM plc, formerly Rank Hovis McDougall, was a United Kingdom food business. The company owned numerous brands, particularly for flour, where its core business started, and for consumer food products. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but was acquired by Premier Foods in March 2007; many of its brands continue to be produced.

Premier Foods
Premier Foods plc is a British food manufacturer headquartered in St Albans, Hertfordshire. The group owns many well-known brands, including Mr Kipling, Ambrosia, Bird's Custard, Angel Delight, Homepride cooking sauces, Lyons, Sharwood's, Loyd Grossman sauces, Oxo, Bisto, Batchelors, Vesta meals and Plantastic. Premier Foods also produce cakes under the Cadbury's name, using the brand under licence. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Audi A6
The Audi A6 is an executive car manufactured by the German company Audi since 1994. Now in its sixth generation, the successor to the Audi 100 is manufactured in Neckarsulm, Germany, and is available in saloon and estate configurations, the latter marketed by Audi as the Avant. Audi's internal numbering treats the A6 as a continuation of the Audi 100 lineage, with the initial A6 designated as a member of the C4-series, followed by the C5, C6, C7, C8 and the C9. The related Audi A7 is essentially a Sportback (liftback) version of the C7-series and C8-series A6 but is marketed under its own separate identity and model designation.

All generations of the A6 have offered either front-wheel-drive or Torsen-based four-wheel-drive, marketed by Audi as their quattro system. The A6 has also been used as the basis for the company's Allroad models since 1999.

Audi A7
The Audi A7 is an executive five-door liftback produced by Audi since 2010. The coupé variant of the Audi A6 saloon/estate, the Audi A7 features a sloping roofline with a steeply raked rear window and integrated boot lid (forming the Sportback), and four frameless doors. A sport version called the S7 has been made since 2012, and a high-performance model called the RS 7 has been in production since 2013. An extended-wheelbase three-box, four-door saloon derivative called the A7L has been produced in China since 2021.
Mataʻafa
Matāʻafa is one of the four paramount tama a ʻāiga (maximal lineage) titles of Samoa. It is one of two such titles originating from the Atua district at the east end of Upolu island (the other being Tupua Tamasese of Falefa & Salani) and has its historical seat in the village of Amaile. Prominent holders of the title include Matāʻafa Iosefo of Falefa, one of the three rival candidates for the kingship of Samoa during the early colonial period, Mataʻafa Faumuina Fiame Mulinuʻu I (died 1948) of Lepea and Lotofaga, who became leader of Samoa's pro-independence Mau movement after Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III's assassination; and his son Fiamē Mataʻafa Faumuina Mulinuʻu II (1921–1975), the first Prime Minister of Samoa.

The title was then passed on to Matāʻafa Faʻasuamaleaui Puʻela Patu. After his death in 1997, the title fell vacant until 2011, when it was granted to Matāʻafa Tupuola Lui Iosefo. Following his death in 2014, the title again became vacant and remains so to this day.

Mataʻafa Faumuina Fiame Mulinuʻu I
Mataʻafa Faumuina Fiame Mulinuʻu I (1889 – 27 March 1948) was a high chief of Samoa and a leader of the country's pro-independence Mau movement during the 1920s and 1930s. He was the holder of high-ranking aliʻi chiefly titles: the Tamaʻāiga Mataʻafa, Fiame from Lotofaga and Faumuina from Lepea.
Rahul Sharma (musician)
Rahul Sharma (born 25 September 1972) is an Indian classical santoor player and composer. He has released numerous albums throughout his career, several of which have been collaborations with prominent artists such as his father, Shivkumar Sharma; Richard Clayderman; Deep Forest; and Kenny G.

Shivkumar Sharma
Shivkumar Sharma (13 January 1938 – 10 May 2022) was an Indian classical musician and santoor player who is credited with adapting the santoor for Indian classical music. As a music composer, he collaborated with Indian flautist Hariprasad Chaurasia under the collaborative name Shiv–Hari and composed music for such hit Indian films as Faasle (1985), Chandni (1989), and Lamhe (1991).

Sharma was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1986 and the Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan (India's fourth and second highest civilian awards) in 1991 and 2001.
Lutzomyia
Lutzomyia is a genus of phlebotomine sand flies consisting of nearly 400 species, at least 33 of which have medical importance as vectors of human disease. Species of the genus Lutzomyia are found only in the New World, distributed in southern areas of the Nearctic and throughout the Neotropical realm. Lutzomyia is one of the two genera of the subfamily Phlebotominae to transmit the Leishmania parasite, with the other being Phlebotomus, found only in the Old World. Lutzomyia sand flies also serve as vectors for the bacterial Carrion's disease and a number of arboviruses.

Phlebotomus
Phlebotomus is a genus of  "sand flies" in the Diptera family Psychodidae. In the past, they have sometimes been considered to belong in a separate family, Phlebotomidae, but this alternative classification has not gained wide acceptance.
Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk
The Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk is a light 1930s biplane fighter aircraft that was carried by the United States Navy airships USS Akron and Macon. It is an example of a parasite fighter, a small airplane designed to be deployed from a larger aircraft such as an airship or bomber.

Parasite aircraft
A parasite aircraft is a component of a composite aircraft which is carried aloft and air launched by a larger carrier aircraft or mother ship to support the primary mission of the carrier. The carrier craft may or may not be able to later recover the parasite during flight.

The first parasite aircraft flew in 1916, when the British launched a Bristol Scout from a Felixstowe Porte Baby flying boat. The idea eventually developed into jet bombers carrying fully capable parasite fighters. With the advent of long-range fighters equipped with air-to-air missiles, and aerial refueling, parasite fighters fell out of use.
Hamad Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah
Sheikh Hamad Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah (Arabic: الشيخ حمد المبارك الصباح; 1894 - May 31, 1938) was one of the sons of Mubarak Al-Sabah, the seventh ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait, and his wife Hessa bint Falah bin Rakan Al-Hithlain. He is the progenitor of the Al-Hamad branch of the Al-Sabah ruling family of Kuwait. Sheikh Hamad was one of three candidates nominated by the notables of Kuwait to potentially succeed Sheikh Salem Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah. It is said that he was the favorite child of his father. At his wedding, his father hosted a celebration in Kuwait that was unprecedented in its grandeur during that era. 
In 2024, his grandson Sheikh Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah became the first crown prince among his descendants.

Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah
Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah (born 3 March 1953) is Crown Prince of Kuwait. A senior member of the Al-Sabah ruling family, he held various government positions from 2006 to 2022, serving as Foreign Minister from 2011 to 2019 and as Prime Minister from 2019 to 2022. He was appointed Crown Prince by Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah on 1 June 2024.
Daudaha system
The Inspection Tour System of Nepal known as Daudaha (Devnagri: दौडाहा) was a supervision system in Nepal mainly implemented during the Rana dynasty between 1846 and 1950. The Daudaha tour was conducted by a team of soldiers, clerks and a hakim and inspected local governments, infrastructure, and living conditions. They were used to maintain order in more remote parts of Nepal and if Muluki Ain (code of conduct) was properly conducted. Daudaha trips were on average 3 to 4 months long.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
St. Lawrence Market South
The St. Lawrence Market South building is a major public market building in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the southwest corner of Front and Lower Jarvis Streets. Along with the St. Lawrence Market North and St. Lawrence Hall, it comprises the St. Lawrence Market complex. The current building was opened in 1902, incorporating the 1845 Toronto City Hall building into the structure. The building was restored during the 1970s.

St. Lawrence Market North
St. Lawrence Market North is a public market in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It hosts a variety of markets, including a farmers' market, an antique market and Christmas trees daily from mid-November to December 24. It also houses municipally-run courts. The site has been a farmer's market since 1803. Several buildings have been built for the Market North. The 1968 Market North structure was demolished in 2015 and reconstructed in 2025. The St. Lawrence Market combines the North building, the St. Lawrence Hall and the St. Lawrence Market South building.
Halit Ergenç
Halit Ergenç (Turkish pronunciation: [haˈlit æɾˈɟentʃ]; born 30 April 1970) is a Turkish actor known for his role as Sultan Suleiman I in Muhteşem Yüzyıl, Onur Aksal in Binbir Gece and Cevdet in Vatanim Sensin.

Vatanım Sensin
Vatanım Sensin (lit. 'You are my homeland', alternatively known as Wounded Love in English) is a Turkish television drama set during the last years of Ottoman Empire and the Turkish War of Independence. The main character "Cevdet" is based on the life of Mustafa Mümin Aksoy, whose nickname was "Gavur Mümin". The first episode aired on October 26, 2016, on Kanal D. It stars Halit Ergenç and Bergüzar Korel.

The series begins with the Balkan Wars, after World War One and the death of Hasan Tahsin, who was the first to open fire on the Greek soldiers that landed at Izmir on May 15, 1919. The first season finished with the foundation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on April 23, 1920.

The second season begins with the Treaty of Sèvres on August 10, 1920. The series finished with Liberation of İzmir by Turkish army on September 9, 1922.
Coat of arms of Sandomierz Voivodeship
A historical coat of arms symbolized the Sandomierz Land and Sandomierz Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland from the 14th to 18th centuries. It was divided into two fields, with the left field consisting of six stripes, alternating either between red and white or red and yellow, and with the right field consisting of several yellow six-pointed stars, whose number varie dbetween seven and nine.

The coat of arms was later used as the symbol of Sandomierz Voivodeship (1816–1837) and Sandomierz Governorate (1837–1841) of Congress Poland. It was part of the design of the coat of arms of Radom Governorate from 1845 to 1866. Currently, the coat of arms is included in the design of the coat of arms of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship and the coat of arms of Sandomierz County.

Coat of arms of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
The coat of arms that serves as the symbol of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, consists of the Iberian style escutcheon (shield), with square top and rounded base, that is divided in the 2 by 2 chessboard pattern. The top left field features a yellow patriarchal cross. The top right field features a white eagle with yellow crown, beak, legs, stripes on its wings, and a ring on its tail. The bottom left field features eight yellow six-pointed starts, placed in three rows, each with three stars, with the exception of the bottom row, that only had 2 stars, placed to the left.

It was originally designed as the coat of arms of the Kielce Voivodeship, which used it from 1997 to 1998. It was adopted as the coat of arms of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in 1999. The current version of the design had been adopted in 2013.
Fridolin of Säckingen
Saint Fridolin of Säckingen, also known as Fridold or Fredelinus, is a legendary Irish missionary, apostle of the Alamanni and founder of  Säckingen Abbey on the Upper Rhine. He is also the patron saint of the Swiss canton of Glarus.

His oldest Vita is dated to the  10th or  11th century.
Later tradition places the beginning of his mission during the reign of Clovis I (r. 509 – 511), and his death during the reign of Theudebert I (r. 533–548). The date of his death is traditionally given as 6 March in either 538 or 540.
Modern historiography has tended to place the founder of Säckingen Abbey in the 7th rather than 6th century, tentatively assuming the existence of a historical Saint Fridolin under Clovis II (r. 639–657) rather than Clovis I.

Canton of Glarus
The canton of Glarus (German: Kanton Glarus [ˈɡlaːrʊs] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Glaruna; French: Canton de Glaris; Italian: Canton Glarona) is a canton in east-central Switzerland. The capital is Glarus.
The population speaks a variety of Alemannic German.
The majority of the population (81%) identifies as Christian, about evenly split between Protestants and Catholics.
Stop Asian Hate
Stop Asian Hate was a slogan and name of a series of demonstrations, protests, and rallies against violence targeting Asians, Asian Americans, and others of Asian descent during the COVID-19 pandemic. It began in the United States in 2021 in response to racial discrimination against Asian Americans relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Many rallies occurred in the wake of a series of shootings that occurred at three Atlanta spas in which eight people were killed, six of whom were women of Asian descent. However, the movement first began to gain traction after the killing of Vicha Ratanapakdee nearly two months earlier.

Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic was first reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. The origins of the virus have subsequently led to an increase in acts and displays of sinophobia, as well as prejudice, xenophobia, discrimination, violence, and racism against people of East Asian and Southeast Asian descent and appearance around the world. With the spread of the pandemic and formation of hotspots, such as those in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, discrimination against people from these hotspots has been reported.
Irfaan Ali
Mohamed Irfaan Ali (born 25 April 1980) is a Guyanese politician serving as the tenth and current president of Guyana since 2020. A member of the People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C), he previously served as the minister of Housing and Water from 2009 to 2015. He is the first Muslim to hold office, and is the second Muslim head of state in the Americas after Noor Hassanali of Trinidad and Tobago.

Ali was a member of parliament (MP) and served as a cabinet minister under Donald Ramotar until 2015. In 2020, he became the presidential candidate for the People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C). He won the March 2020 general election. He was sworn in as Guyana's tenth president on 2 August 2020, months after his win, due to extensive legal challenges regarding the integrity of the election and a recount of all electoral ballots.
He won re-election to a second term as president in the general election held on 1 September 2025.

People's Progressive Party/Civic
The People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C) is a major political party in Guyana. As of 2025, the party holds 36 of the 65 seats in the National Assembly and rules the government since 2020. It has been the ruling party in the past as well, most recently between 1992 and 2015. In Guyana's ethnically divided political landscape, the PPP/C is a multi-ethnic organization with its base of support from the Indo-Guyanese people.
Neukölln
Neukölln (German: [nɔʏˈkœln] ⓘ; officially abbreviated Neuk), is one of the twelve boroughs of Berlin. It is located south-east of Berlin's center and stretches from the inner city southward to the border with Brandenburg, encompassing the eponymous quarter of Neukölln in the north, and the southern quarters of Britz, Gropiusstadt, Buckow and Rudow.

The borough was constituted in 1920, when the Greater Berlin Act came into effect. After World War II, Neukölln was part of the American sector during the Allied occupation of the city, and of West Berlin from 1949 until German reunification in 1990. Since the late 1950s, it has been characterised by one of the highest shares of immigrant residents in Berlin, especially in its urbanized and industrialized northern regions. An influx of students and artists since the mid-2000s has led to gentrification.

Neukölln (locality)
Neukölln (German: [nɔʏˈkœln] ⓘ), formerly Rixdorf (German: [rˈɪksdɔɾf]), from 1899 to 1920 an independent city, is a large inner-city quarter of Berlin in the homonymous borough of Neukölln, and evolved around the historic village of Rixdorf. With 162,548 inhabitants (2025) the quarter has the second-largest population of Berlin after Prenzlauer Berg. Since the early 13th century, the local settlements, villages and cities down to the present day have always been a popular destination for colonists and immigrants. In modern times, it was originally shaped by the working class and gastarbeiters, but western immigration since the turn of the millennium has led to gentrification and a rejuvenation of the quarter's culture and nightlife.
Hawaiian rail
The Hawaiian rail (Zapornia sandwichensis), Hawaiian spotted rail, or Hawaiian crake is an extinct species of diminutive rail that lived on Big Island of Hawaiʻi. In Hawaiian, the common name for this species is moho, which it shares with the extinct Laysan Rail.

Laysan rail
The Laysan rail or Laysan crake (Zapornia palmeri) is an extinct species flightless rail endemic to the Northwest Hawaiian Island of Laysan. In Hawaiian, the common name for this species is moho, which it shares with the extinct Hawaiian Rail. This small island was and still is an important seabird colony, and sustained a number of endemic species, including the rail. It became extinct due to habitat loss by domestic rabbits, and the introduction of rats to Midway during the Second World War.
Iakovos Garmatis
Metropolitan Iakovos of Chicago (secular name Michael Garmatis, Greek: Μιχαήλ Γκαρμάτης; April 4, 1928 – June 2, 2017) was Metropolitan of Chicago under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople until his death on June 2, 2017.

Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Chicago
The Metropolis of Chicago (Greek: Ιερά Μητρόπολις Σικάγου) is a metropolis of the Greek Orthodox Church, part of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, in the North-Central Midwest, United States, with its see city of Chicago.  The mother church of the Metropolis is Annunciation Cathedral in Chicago. As of 2018, its current bishop is metropolitan Nathanael Symeonides.