hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Connecticut Route 190
Route 190 is a state route in the northern part of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It starts at Route 75 in the town of Suffield and proceeds eastward across the Connecticut River through the towns of Enfield, Somers, and Stafford. It ends at Route 171, in the town of Union. Route 190 was established in 1932 as a route between the state line at Southwick and the town of Enfield. The route was later extended eastward to Union but was truncated in the west to Suffield center.

Stafford, Connecticut
Stafford is a town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States, settled in 1719. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 11,472 at the 2020 United States census. The community consists of the downtown area of Stafford Springs and the more rural villages of Crystal Lake, Ellithorpe, Hydeville, Orcuttsville, Staffordville, Stafford Hollow, Village Hill, and West Stafford.
Koudougou
Koudougou (Mossi: Kʋdgo) is a city in Burkina Faso's Boulkiemdé Province. It is located 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. With a population of 160,239 (2019) it is the third most populous city in Burkina Faso after Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, and is mainly inhabited by the Gurunsi and Mossi ethnic groups. Koudougou is situated on the only railway line in Burkina Faso and has some small industries, a market, a university and provincial government offices.

Norbert Zongo University
The Norbert Zongo University (French: Université Norbert Zongo; UNZ), formerly the University of Koudougou (French: Université de Koudougou; UK), is one of three public universities in Burkina Faso. It is located in the city of Koudougou.  As of 2015/2016 it had the second highest enrollment of students nationally (16.2%) behind the University of Ouagadougou (renamed Université Ouaga 1 Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo, UO1-JKZ) which had 32.8% of the national total enrollment. The University Ouaga 2, the Nazi Boni University (UNB) and the Institut des Sciences (IDS) had 13.2%, 11.3%, and 1.9% of total university enrollment, respectively. The remaining 24.5% of enrollment are in private universities.  The university was founded in 2005 and in 2015/2016 had 15,346 students.

The university was renamed from University of Koudougou to the current name in 2017 in honour of the investigative journalist Norbert Zongo, assassinated in 1998.
Operation Blackcock
Operation Blackcock was an operation to clear German troops from the Roer Triangle, formed by the towns of Roermond and Sittard in the Netherlands and Heinsberg in Germany during the fighting on the Western Front in the Second World War. It was conducted by the British Second Army between 13 and 26 January 1945. The objective was to drive the German 15th Army back across the rivers Roer and Wurm and move the frontline further into Germany. The operation was carried out by Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie's XII Corps by three divisions: the 7th Armoured Division (Major-General Lewis Lyne), the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division (Major-General Ivor Thomas) and the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division (Major-General Edmund Hakewill-Smith). The operation, named after the Scottish male black grouse, is relatively unknown.

Second Army (United Kingdom)
The British Second Army was a Field Army active during the First and Second World Wars. During the First World War the army was active on the Western Front throughout most of the war and later active in Italy. During the Second World War the army was the main British contribution to the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 and advance across Europe.
Mara bar Serapion
Mara bar Serapion (Classical Syriac: ܡܪܐ ܒܪ ܣܪܦܝܘܢ), or "Mara son of Serapion", was a Syriac Stoic philosopher in the Roman province of Syria. He is only known from a letter he wrote in Aramaic to his son, who was named Serapion, which refers to the execution of "the wise king of the Jews" and may be an early non-Christian reference to Jesus of Nazareth.

The letter indicates that Mara's homeland was Samosata, i.e. modern-day Samsat, Turkey (on the west bank of the Euphrates), but his captivity appears to have been in Seleucia, in modern-day Iraq (on the west bank of the Tigris River).

Mara's captivity took place after the AD 72 annexation of Samosata by the Romans, but before the third century. Most scholars date it to shortly after AD 73 during the first century.

Samsat
Samsat (Kurdish: Samîsad, Ottoman Turkish صمصاد Semisat),  formerly Samosata (Ancient Greek: Σαμόσατα) is a small town in the Adıyaman Province of Turkey, situated on the upper Euphrates river. It is the seat of Samsat District. The town is populated by Kurds of the Bêzikan tribe.

Halil Fırat from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) was elected mayor in the local elections in March 2019. The current Kaymakam is Halid Yıldız.

Samsat was the ancient capital of Kingdom of Commagene. The current site of Samsat is comparatively new, however, being rebuilt in 1989 when the old town of Samosata was flooded during the construction of the Atatürk Dam. As of 2018, reconstruction process had not yet been fully completed. An ancient tell nearby dating back to Paleolithic times has survived to the current day.

Its population was 3,790 in 2022, up from 3,520 in 2017.
South Philadelphia
South Philadelphia, nicknamed South Philly, is the section of Philadelphia bounded by South Street to the north, the Delaware River to the east and south, and the Schuylkill River to the west. A diverse working-class community of many neighborhoods, South Philadelphia is well known for its large Italian-American population, though it also contains large Asian-American, Irish-American, African-American, and Latino populations.

Southwest Center City Philadelphia
Southwest Center City (SWCC), also known as Graduate Hospital, is a neighborhood that is located in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, bordering Center City Philadelphia. The neighborhood is bordered on the north by South Street, on the south by Washington Avenue, on the west by the Schuylkill River, and on the east by Broad Street.

It is an area adjacent to the Fitler Square and Rittenhouse Square neighborhoods to the north and Point Breeze to the south, and is home to community service organizations, restaurants, churches, retail establishments, and some light industry.
Jiaozhi
Jiaozhi (standard Chinese, pinyin: Jiāozhǐ, Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ), was a historical region ruled by various Chinese dynasties, corresponding to present-day northern Vietnam. The kingdom of Nanyue (204–111 BC) set up the Jiaozhi Commandery (Chinese: 交趾郡, 交阯郡; Vietnamese: Quận Giao Chỉ, chữ Hán: 郡交趾) an administrative division centered in the Red River Delta that existed through Vietnam's first and second periods of Chinese rule. During the Han dynasty, the commandery was part of a province of the same name (later renamed to Jiaozhou) that covered modern-day northern and central Vietnam as well as Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China. In 679 AD, Jiaozhi was absorbed into the Annan Protectorate established by the Tang dynasty. Afterwards, official use of the name Jiaozhi was superseded by "Annan" (Annam) and other names of Vietnam, except during the brief fourth period of Chinese rule when the Ming dynasty administered Vietnam as the Jiaozhi Province.

Fourth Era of Northern Domination
The Fourth Era of Northern Domination (Vietnamese: Bắc thuộc lần thứ tư) was a period of Vietnamese history, from 1407 to 1428, during which   Ming-dynasty China ruled Vietnam as the province of Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ). The Ming established their rule in Vietnam following their conquest of the Hồ dynasty in 1406–1407. (The previous periods of Chinese rule in the Vietnamese lands, collectively known as Bắc thuộc, lasted much longer and amounted to around 1000 years.) The fourth period of Chinese rule over Vietnam eventually ended with the establishment of the Lê dynasty in April 1428.
Taraval and Sunset station
Taraval and Sunset is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro L Taraval line, located in the Parkside neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The station opened with the second section of the L Taraval line on January 14, 1923.

L Taraval
The L Taraval is a light rail line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California, mainly serving the Parkside District. While many streetcar lines were converted to bus lines after World War II, the L Taraval remained a streetcar line due to its use of the Twin Peaks Tunnel.
11th/28th Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment
The 11th/28th Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment (11/28 RWAR) is a Reserve infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Located in Western Australia, it is one of the two battalions of the Royal Western Australia Regiment which forms the infantry component of the 13th Brigade.

Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the Australian Military Forces. In 1980, however, the current name—Australian Army Reserve—was officially adopted, and it now consists of a number of components based around the level of commitment and training obligation that its members are required to meet.
St Joseph's Church, Stockport
St Joseph's Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It was built from 1861 to 1862 and designed by Matthew Ellison Hadfield. It is situated on St Petersgate, south west  of the High Street. Until 31 August 2022 it was the only church in England administered by the Priests of the Sacred Heart at which date it was transferred to be designated as Eucharistic Shrine for the Diocese of Shrewsbury. As part of this change, times for Eucharistic adoration have been made available in addition to the continued life of the parish. The church building is Grade II listed building.

Matthew Ellison Hadfield
Matthew Ellison Hadfield (8 September 1812 – 9 March 1885) was an English architect of the Victorian Gothic Revival. He is chiefly known for his work on Roman Catholic churches, including the cathedral churches of Salford and Sheffield.
TR-DOS
TR-DOS is a disk operating system for the ZX Spectrum with Beta Disc and Beta 128 disc interfaces. TR-DOS and Beta disc were developed by Technology Research Ltd (UK), in 1984. A clone of this interface is also used in the Russian Pentagon and Scorpion machines.

It became a standard in Russia and most disk releases for the ZX Spectrum, especially of modern programs, are made for TR-DOS as opposed to other disk systems.

The latest official firmware version is 5.03 (1986).
Unofficial versions with various enhancements and bug-fixes have been released since 1990, with the latest being 6.10E (2006).

TR-DOS handles SS/DS, SD/DD floppy disks. All modern versions support RAM Disk and some versions support hard disks.

Current emulators support TR-DOS disk images in the formats .TRD or .SCL.

Beta Disk Interface
Beta Disk Interface is a disk interface for ZX Spectrum computers, developed by Technology Research Ltd. (United Kingdom) in 1984 and released in 1985, with a price of £109.25 (or £249.75 with one disk drive).

Beta 128 Disk Interface is a 1987 version, supporting ZX Spectrum 128 machines (due to different access point addresses).

Beta Disk Interfaces were distributed with the TR-DOS operating system in ROM, also attributed to Technology Research Ltd.. The interface was based on the WD1793 chip. Latest firmware version is 5.03 (1986).

The Beta Disk Interface handles single- and double-sided, 40- or 80-track double-density floppy disks, and up to four drives.
The Night That Panicked America
The Night That Panicked America is an American made-for-television drama film that was originally broadcast on the ABC network on October 31, 1975. The telefilm dramatizes events surrounding Orson Welles' famous — and infamous – War of the Worlds radio broadcast (based on the 1898 novel of the same name by English author H. G. Wells) of October 30, 1938, which had led some Americans to believe that an invasion by Martians was occurring in the area near Grover's Mill in West Windsor, New Jersey.

The Welles broadcast and the reaction to it had been earlier dramatized on television as The Night America Trembled, a live presentation that aired September 9, 1957, on Studio One.

The Night America Trembled
"The Night America Trembled" is a television dramatization of the public reaction to the 1938 radio broadcast of "The War of the Worlds" that aired September 9, 1957, as an episode of the CBS series Westinghouse Studio One. Hosted by Edward R. Murrow, the live documentary play was written by Nelson S. Bond, and uses excerpts of the radio script by Howard E. Koch.
Thomas Keble
Thomas Keble (25 October 1793, in Fairford – 5 September 1875) was a Church of England clergyman, younger brother of John Keble. Keble was Vicar of Bisley, Gloucestershire from 1827 to 1873. He contributed four of the Tracts for the Times, three of them under a pseudonym also used by his brother, Richard Nelson.

Bisley, Gloucestershire
Bisley is a village in the civil parish of Bisley-with-Lypiatt, in the Stroud district, in Gloucestershire, England, about 4 miles (6 km) east of Stroud. The once-extensive manor included Stroud and Chalford, Thrupp, Oakridge, Bussage, Througham and Eastcombe.
Vaanam
Vaanam (transl. Sky) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language hyperlink action drama film written and directed by Krish. A remake of director's own Telugu film Vedam (2010), it has an ensemble cast of Silambarasan TR, Bharath, Prakash Raj, Anushka Shetty, Santhanam, Sonia Agarwal and Saranya Ponvannan. Anushka and Saranya reprise their roles from the original. The score and soundtrack were composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja; cinematography and editing were by Nirav Shah and Anthony, respectively. The film, produced by VTV Ganesh and R. Ganesh, was distributed by Dayanidhi Azhagiri's Cloud Nine Movies.

Vaanam revolves around the lives of five people from different walks of life, illustrating how their fates intertwine on New Year's Eve at a Chennai hospital. Released on 29 April 2011, it received mostly positive reviews and was a box-office success.

Silambarasan
Silambarasan Tesingu Rajendar (born 3 February 1983), popularly known as Simbu or by his initials as STR, is an Indian actor, producer,director and playback singer who primarily works in Tamil cinema. He is a recipient of two Edison Awards and three SIIMA Awards.

He is the eldest son of actor/director T. Rajendar. He began his acting career by playing roles as a child artist in films directed by his father, before his first lead role in his father's Kadhal Azhivathillai (2002).

In 2004, he starred in Manmadhan which was a huge success and became a turning point in his acting career. He went on to star in several commercially successful films such as Saravana (2006), Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (2010), Vaanam (2011), Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada (2016), Chekka Chivantha Vaanam (2018) and Maanaadu (2021).
Leda-class frigate
The Leda-class frigates were a ship class of forty-seven 38-gun fifth-rate frigates constructed from 1805 to 1832 for the Royal Navy. Based on a French design, the class came in five major groups, all with minor differences in their design. During their careers, they fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. Forty-five of the 47 were eventually scrapped; two still exist: HMS Trincomalee and HMS Unicorn.

HMS Trincomalee
HMS Trincomalee is a Royal Navy Leda-class sailing frigate built shortly after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. She is now restored as a museum ship afloat in the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Hartlepool, England.
TG&Y
TG&Y was a five and dime, or chain of variety stores and larger discount stores in the United States. At its peak, there were more than 900 stores in 29 states. Starting out during the Great Depression in rural areas and eventually moving into cities, TG&Y stores were firmly embedded in southern culture as modern-day general stores with a bit of everything. The chain used the advertising slogan, "Your best buy is at TG&Y." The founders articulated their business philosophy as "...have what people want at a price they can afford to pay."

Variety store
A variety store  is a retail store that sells general merchandise, such as apparel, auto parts, dry goods, toys, hardware, furniture, and a selection of groceries. It usually sells them at discounted prices, sometimes at one or several fixed price points, such as one dollar, or historically, five and ten cents. Variety stores, as a category, are different from general merchandise superstores, hypermarkets (such as those operated by Target and Walmart), warehouse clubs (such as Costco), grocery stores, or department stores.

Dollar stores that sell food have been alleged to create food deserts: areas with limited access to affordable and healthy food. This is alleged to occur when dollar stores outcompete local businesses, and soon become some of the only grocery store–like businesses available in some areas.
Mura Masa (album)
Mura Masa is the debut studio album by Guernsey-born music producer Alex Crossan, under his alias Mura Masa. It was released on 14 July 2017 by Polydor, Interscope, Downtown and Anchor Point Records. The album was produced and recorded by Crossan from 2014 to 2016, and has guest features by A. K. Paul, ASAP Rocky, Bonzai, Charli XCX, Christine and the Queens, Damon Albarn, Desiigner, Jamie Lidell, NAO and Tom Tripp. It received nominations for Best Dance/Electronic Album and Best Recording Package at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards.

It is a pop, electronic, hip hop and funk album, incorporating trap, bubblegum and electronic sub-genres such as ambient, disco, dubstep, house and tropical house. It was supported by six singles: "What If I Go?", "Lovesick", "1 Night", "All Around the World", "Second 2 None" / "Blu" and "Nuggets" / "Helpline". Upon release, it received positive reviews by critics, and debuted at number 19 on the UK Albums Chart and at 192 on the US Billboard 200.

Nao (singer)
Neo Jessica Joshua (born 20 December 1987), better known as Nao (/ˈneɪoʊ/), is an English singer-songwriter and record producer from East London. Her sound has been described as soul combined with electronic music, funk and R&B, while Nao herself coined the term "wonky funk" to describe her style. She released her debut album, For All We Know, in 2016, her second album, Saturn, in 2018, and her third, And Then Life Was Beautiful, in 2021. Her most recent album, Jupiter, was released in 2025.
David Walter (politician)
David Ernest Walter QSO JP (25 November 1939 – 5 September 2020) was a New Zealand politician and journalist. He was the first mayor of Stratford District Council (1989–1998) and also served as chairman of both of the Taranaki Regional Council (2001–2007) and the Stratford County Council (1983–1989).

Taranaki
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki.

The main centre is the city of New Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is one of three in the region and is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. The Stratford District includes the main centres of Stratford, Midhirst, Toko and Whangamōmona. The South Taranaki District includes Hāwera, Manaia, Eltham, and Ōpunake.

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".
Bronze Age India
The Bronze Age in the Indian subcontinent begins around 3000 BCE, and in the end gives rise to the Indus Valley Civilisation, which had its (mature) period between 2600 BCE and 1900 BCE. It continues into the Rigvedic period, the early part of the Vedic period. It is succeeded by the  Iron Age in India, beginning in around 1000 BCE.

South India, by contrast, remains in the Mesolithic stage until about 2500 BCE.

In the 2nd millennium BCE, there may have been cultural contact between North and South India, even though South India skips a Bronze Age proper and enters the Iron Age from the Chalcolithic stage directly.

In February 2006, a school teacher in the village of Sembian-Kandiyur in Tamil Nadu discovered a stone celt with an inscription estimated to be up to 3,500 years old. Indian epigraphist Iravatham Mahadevan postulated that the writing was in Indus script and called the find "the greatest archaeological discovery of a century in Tamil Nadu".

Iron Age in India
In the prehistory of the Indian subcontinent, the Iron Age succeeded Bronze Age India and partly corresponds with the megalithic cultures of South India. Other Iron Age archaeological cultures of north India were the Painted Grey Ware culture (1300–300 BCE) and the Northern Black Polished Ware (700–200 BCE). This corresponds to the transition of the Janapadas or principalities of the Vedic period to the sixteen Mahajanapadas or region-states of the early historic period, culminating in the emergence of the Maurya Empire towards the end of the period.

The earliest evidence of iron smelting predates the emergence of the Iron Age proper by several centuries. Claims for iron smelting in Tamil Nadu as early as the mid-4th millennium BCE have been made on the basis of radiocarbon dates from charcoal samples at the site of Sivagalai, dated between c. 3345 and 2953 BCE. These dates are disputed.
Rockford, Iowa
Rockford is a city in Floyd County, Iowa, United States, at the confluence of the Shell Rock and Winnebago rivers. The population was 758 at the time of the 2020 census. Rockford's post office opened in 1855.

Shell Rock River
The Shell Rock River is a 113-mile-long (182 km) tributary of the West Fork Cedar River in southern Minnesota and northern Iowa in the United States.  Via the Cedar and Iowa rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
Research in Labor Economics
Research in Labor Economics (RLE) is a biannual series that publishes peer-reviewed research applying economic theory and econometrics to analyze policy issues.  Typical themes of each volume include labor supply, work effort, schooling, on-the-job training, earnings distribution, discrimination, migration, and the effects of government policies. Research in Labor Economics is published by Emerald Group Publishing  in conjunction with the IZA Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

IZA Institute of Labor Economics
The IZA – Institute of Labor Economics (German: Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit), was a private, independent economic research institute and academic network focused on the analysis of global labor markets and headquartered in Bonn. It existed between 1998 and 2025.