hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teodoro Picado Michalski
Teodoro Picado Michalski (10 January 1900 – 1 June 1960) was a Costa Rican educator, lawyer and politician who served as the 30th President of Costa Rica from 1944 to 1948. A member of the National Republican Party, he previously served as president of the Constitutional Congress from 1941 to 1944.

Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia
Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (8 March 1900 – 9 June 1970) was a Costa Rican physician and politician who served as the 29th President of Costa Rica from 1940 to 1944. The founder of Calderonism, he had previously represented San José in the Constitutional Congress from 1934 to 1940.
Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (/ˈæpənɪdʒ/; French: apanage [apanaʒ] ⓘ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe.

The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms.

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Joseph Velamin-Rutski
Joseph Velamin-Rutski (born as Ivan Velyaminov; Belarusian: Язэп Руцкі, Ukrainian: Йосиф Рутський, Polish: Józef Welamin Rucki) - (1574 – 5 April 1637) was the "Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia" in the Ruthenian Uniate Church — a sui juris Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See. He reigned from 1613 to 1637. He worked to build the Greek Catholic Church in the first few decades after the Union of Brest of 1596; he also reformed the Basilian monks.

Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia (Ruthenian Uniate Church)
The Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia was an ecclesiastical territory or archeparchy of the Ruthenian Uniate Church, a particular Eastern Catholic church. It was erected in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1595/96 following the Union of Brest. It was effectively disestablished by the partitions of Poland (1772–1795). Its successor — the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church — continues to operate in the modern states of Ukraine and Poland. The first metropolitan was Michael Rohoza.
7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles
The 7th Gurkha Rifles was a rifle regiment of the British Indian Army, before being transferred to the British Army, following India's independence in 1947 and after 1959 designated as the 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles.

Royal Gurkha Rifles
The Royal Gurkha Rifles (RGR) is a rifle regiment of the British Army, forming part of the Brigade of Gurkhas. Unlike other regiments in the British Army, RGR soldiers are recruited from Nepal, which is neither a dependent territory of the United Kingdom nor a member of the Commonwealth.
George Maran
George Alfred Maran (July 25, 1926 – Nov 26, 2011) was an American opera, oratorio, and concert tenor.  Born near Boston, Massachusetts. Maran attended Harvard University where he and his voice came to the attention of people such as Leonard Bernstein and Paul Hindemith. He first drew international attention when he won the “Mozart-Medaille”(Mozart Medal) from the Mozarteum International Foundation in Salzburg in 1956 on Mozart’s 200th birthday. The same year, and the next forty years thereafter, he was a soloist at the Opera in Darmstadt, Germany. Even so, he continued singing all over Europe and the United States, the world premiere of A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera) with Benjamin Britten conducting as a prime example. He has sung many wide-ranging and varied genres as soloist in opera, operetta, oratorio, and on the concert stage.

Staatstheater Darmstadt
The Staatstheater Darmstadt (Darmstadt State Theatre) is a theatre company and building in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany, presenting opera, ballet, plays and concerts. It is funded by the state of Hesse and the city of Darmstadt. Its history began in 1711 with a court theatre building. From 1919 it was run as Landestheater Darmstadt. The present theatre was opened in 1972 when the company was named Staatstheater.
Jay Stamper
Jeremy Stamper (born June 14, 1972) is an American entrepreneur, nonprofit leader and politician from South Carolina. Stamper first gained national media attention for pranks targeting incumbent politicians and has since founded several internet companies, including Spout, The Delaware Company, Progressive Homesellers and PersonRatings.com. In February 2013, he announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the 2014 United States Senate election in South Carolina.

2014 United States Senate election in South Carolina
The 2014 United States Senate election in South Carolina took place on November 4, 2014, concurrently with a special election for South Carolina's other Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

Incumbent Republican Lindsey Graham won reelection to a third term. He faced Democratic state senator Brad Hutto and Independent Thomas Ravenel in the general election. He defeated both of them by a 15-point margin.

As of 2022, this is the last time that Barnwell County, Darlington County, and Calhoun County voted Democratic in a Senate election.
Rhode Island Route 146
Route 146 is a 16.24-mile (26.14 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, maintained by the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT). Running along a northwest–southeast axis, it links the cities of Providence, Woonsocket, and Worcester, Massachusetts.

The southern terminus of Route 146 is located at Interstate 95 (I-95) in Providence. The majority of the route is a freeway, with the exception of at-grade crossings and driveway access in the towns of North Smithfield and Lincoln. The northern terminus is located at the Rhode Island–Massachusetts state line in Millville, where it transitions into Massachusetts Route 146 and continues northbound towards the Massachusetts Turnpike in Millbury and I-290 in Worcester.

Massachusetts Route 146
Route 146 is a 20.99-mile (33.78 km) north-south state highway in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). Spanning approximately 21 miles (34 km) along a south–north axis, it is a continuation of Rhode Island Route 146, which splits from I-95 in Providence. The southern terminus within Massachusetts exists in Millville, where it enters the state from North Smithfield, Rhode Island. Among several local roads, Route 146 intersects with the Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90) in Millbury and I-290 in Worcester before arriving at its northern terminus at the intersection of several surface streets in downtown Worcester.  Most of the route is a freeway, except for a short section near the boundary between Millbury and Sutton where there is driveway access and at-grade crossings.
Schlag den Henssler
Schlag den Henssler (lit. 'Beat Henssler' in German) was a short-lived live game show, televised by German TV network ProSieben on Saturday evenings from September 2017 to September 2018. The show ran for two seasons and produced a total of eight episodes, which followed a contestant competing with German TV chef and personality Steffen Henssler in a number of competitions for a jackpot starting at €250,000.

Created as a reboot to its long-running predecessor Schlag den Raab, the format of the show remained largely the same, but viewership with Henssler as the host was significantly less. Due to low ratings, the show was ended, and ProSieben focused on another spinoff of Raab's show titled Schlag den Star, and Henssler returned to Grill den Henssler, a show he had hosted previously. In February 2024, a clip from one of the competitions resurfaced on social media, making the show known to an international audience.

ProSieben
ProSieben (German pronunciation: [pʁoːˈziːbən], sieben is German for "seven"; often stylized as Pro7) is a German free-to-air television network owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media.

It was launched on 1 January 1989. It is Germany's second-largest privately owned television company. Although ProSieben produces some of its programming itself, it also airs many American imports. On 3 May 2012, the network launched a pay-TV channel called ProSieben Fun. A third channel called ProSieben Maxx started broadcasting on 3 September 2013.

The three different feeds of the channel are: ProSieben (for Germany), ProSieben Austria (for Austria), and ProSieben Schweiz (for Switzerland and Liechtenstein). The main difference is that they have different advertisements and news for each target country.

The channel uses an English slogan: "We love to entertain you."

ProSieben broadcasts from the Astra 1P and 1N satellites and is uplinked by MX1 (now part of SES Video).
Miskin, Mountain Ash
Miskin (Welsh: Meisgyn) is a village and district of the town of Mountain Ash within the Cynon Valley in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales.

The Miskin district is part of the community of Penrhiwceiber and, for the purposes of local and national governance, is part of the electoral ward of Penrhiwceiber, along with the district of Perthcelyn.

The former St Teilo's church was built c.1890 but since demolished and a meeting room, Miskin Hall, built on its site. As of 2018, Miskin Hall was empty and for sale.

Penrhiwceiber
Penrhiwceiber (Welsh: Penrhiw-ceibr) is a village and community (and electoral ward, spelt Penrhiw-ceibr) in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, that lies south of the town Aberpennar and north of the village of Tyntetown, and is one of many villages that lies within the Cynon Valley. Prior to 1870 the area was heavy woodland, but the opening of the Penrhiwceiber Colliery in 1878 saw its rapid expansion into a thriving village.
John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer
John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer (27 October 1835 – 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the "Red Earl" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer
Charles Robert Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, KG, GCVO, VD, PC (30 October 1857 – 26 September 1922), styled The Honourable Charles Spencer until 1905 and known as Viscount Althorp between 1905 and 1910, was a British courtier and Liberal politician from the Spencer family. An MP from 1880 to 1895 and again from 1900 to 1905, he served as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from 1892 to 1895. Raised to the peerage as Viscount Althorp in 1905, he was Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912 in the Liberal administrations headed by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith. In 1910, he succeeded his half-brother as Earl Spencer. He was married to Margaret Baring, a member of the Baring family.
Mill Creek (Ohio)
The Mill Creek is a stream in southwest Ohio. It flows 28.4 miles (45.7 km) southwest and south from its headwaters in Liberty Township of Butler County through central Hamilton County and the heart of Cincinnati into the Ohio River just west of downtown. The section of Interstate 75 through Cincinnati is known as the Mill Creek Expressway.

The Mill Creek Valley is a remnant of the Deep Stage Ohio River from the days of the Last Glacial Maximum. The stream, with its water power and valley, were important to the development of Cincinnati. Then, for a time, the steep hillsides that surround the creek limited expansion and gave impetus to the free growth of surrounding communities that were over that barrier. Finally, inclined planes solved the problem, before highways and automobiles eliminated it.

Interstate 75 in Ohio
Interstate 75 (I-75) runs from Cincinnati to Toledo by way of Dayton in the US state of Ohio. The highway enters the state running concurrently with I-71 from Kentucky on the Brent Spence Bridge over the Ohio River and into the Bluegrass region. I-75 continues along the Mill Creek Expressway northward to the Butler County line just north of I-275. From there, the freeway runs into the Miami Valley and then passes through the Great Black Swamp before crossing into Michigan.
Saskatchewan Highway 29
Highway 29 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 14 at Wilkie to Highway 40 just west of Battleford. Highway 29 is a minor north-south highway of about 50 kilometres (31 mi). For most of the route, the speed limit is 100 km/h (62 mph).

Highway 29 originally continued south from Wilkie to Kelfield and Plenty; however, it was decommissioned in the 1940s. The former section is now designated as Highway 657.

Saskatchewan Highway 14
Highway 14 is an east–west provincial highway that runs through the central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the Alberta border where it becomes Highway 13 to the intersection of Idylwyld Drive (Highway 11) and 22nd Street in Saskatoon. Previously, Highway 14 ran the width of the province but the section east of Saskatoon was renumbered '16' in 1976. Most of the highway is two-laned with only the 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi) long section in Saskatoon being four. The total length is approximately 253 kilometres (157 mi) long.

Though Highway 14 is one of the three major highways leading from Saskatoon to Alberta, it is less used than Highway 7 or Highway 16 as the other highways provide direct access to Calgary and Edmonton respectively.

Major communities that Highway 14 passes through include Macklin, Unity, Wilke, Biggar, Asquith, and Saskatoon.
Non-state actor
A non-state actor (NSA) is an individual or organization that has significant political influence but is not allied to any particular country or state.

The interests, structure, and influence of NSAs vary widely. For example, among NSAs are non-profit organizations, labor unions, non-governmental organizations, banks, corporations, media organizations, business magnates, people's liberation movements, lobby groups, religious groups, aid agencies, and violent non-state actors such as paramilitary forces.

Violent non-state actor
In international relations, violent non-state actors (VNSAs), also known as non-state armed actors or non-state armed groups (NSAGs), are individuals or groups that are wholly or partly independent of governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals.

VNSAs vary widely in their goals, size, and methods. They may include narcotics cartels, popular liberation movements, religious and ideological organizations, corporations (e.g. private military contractors), self-defence militia, and paramilitary groups established by state governments to further their interests.

While some VNSAs oppose governments, others are allied to them. Some VNSAs are organized as paramilitary groups, adopting methods and structure similar to those of state armed forces. Others may be informally structured and use violence in other ways, such as kidnapping, using improvised explosive devices, or hacking into computer systems.
Hertford East branch line
The Hertford East branch line is a railway line in Hertfordshire, England running between Hertford East and Broxbourne. The line follows the route of the Lea Valley, serving intermediate towns and villages. It branches off the West Anglia Main Line north of Broxbourne, and could be seen as part of the Lea Valley lines—a collection of commuter routes into London. It is 5 miles 64 chains (9.33 km) in length.

Hertford East railway station
Hertford East railway station is the northern terminus of the Hertford East branch line off the West Anglia Main Line in the east of England, and is located in the town of Hertford in Hertfordshire. It is 24 miles 19 chains (39.0 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is one of two stations in the town, the other being Hertford North on the Hertford Loop Line. Its three-letter station code is HFE.

The station and all trains calling are operated by Greater Anglia.

There are two platforms, although platform number one is generally only used during peak times, during times of disruption and primarily for trains to and from Stratford station.
Rumen Radev
Rumen Georgiev Radev (born 18 June 1963) is a Bulgarian politician and former Bulgarian Air Force officer who served as the president of Bulgaria from 2017 until his resignation in 2026, the first to do so in Bulgaria's post-communist history.

Born in Dimitrovgrad, Radev served as higher commander of the Bulgarian Air Force prior to his term in office, holding the rank of major general. He won the 2016 presidential election as an independent candidate supported by the Bulgarian Socialist Party, defeating GERB candidate Tsetska Tsacheva in the second round. He won a second term in the 2021 election, with 66% of the vote in the second round.

Bulgarian Air Force
The Bulgarian Air Force (Bulgarian: Военновъздушни сили, romanized: Voennovazdushni sili) is one of the three branches of the Military of Bulgaria, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian land forces. Its mission is to guard and protect the sovereignty of Bulgarian airspace, and jointly with the other branches, to protect territorial integrity. The Bulgarian Air Force is one of the oldest air forces in Europe and the world. In recent times it has been actively taking part in numerous NATO missions and exercises in Europe.

The current commanding officer of the Bulgarian Air Force is Major General Nikolai Rusev.
Loadable kernel module
A loadable kernel module (LKM) is an executable library that extends the capabilities of a running kernel, or so-called base kernel, of an operating system. LKMs are typically used to add support for new hardware (as device drivers) and/or filesystems, or for adding system calls. When the functionality provided by an LKM is no longer required, it can be unloaded in order to free memory and other resources.

Most current Unix-like systems and Windows support loadable kernel modules but with different names, such as kernel loadable module (kld) in FreeBSD, kernel extension (kext) in macOS (although support for third-party modules is being dropped), kernel extension module in AIX, dynamically loadable kernel module in HP-UX, kernel-mode driver in Windows NT  and downloadable kernel module (DKM) in VxWorks. They are also known as kernel loadable module (KLM), or simply as kernel module (KMOD).

Device driver
A device driver is software that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling other software to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware.

A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device (drives it). Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program.

Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.
PMI Victorian History Library Inc.
PMI Victorian History Library Inc. (Formerly Prahran Mechanics' Institute) is a community-owned subscription library situated at 39 St Edmonds Road, Prahran, Victoria, Australia. The library focuses on collecting resources about every locality in Victoria and every aspect of the history of the state. The library was previously situated in High Street, Prahran from 1915 to 2014 and Chapel Street, Prahran from 1854 to 1915. It is one of the oldest surviving Mechanics' Institutes in Victoria and one of only six still operating as a lending library. It was the only mechanics' institute in Victoria still governed by its own Act of Parliament. But in 2022 it incorporated as the PMI Victorian History Library Inc. under the Associations Incorporation Reform Act (2012).

The Institute spawned the Prahran Technical School, which went on to be one of Australia's leading art schools.

Prahran College
The Prahran College of Advanced Education, formerly Prahran College of Technology, was a late-secondary and tertiary institution with a business school, a trade school, and a multi-disciplinary art school that dated back to the 1860s, populated by instructors and students who were among Australia’s significant artists, designers and performers.

After undergoing various mergers, splits and incarnations over the years, the Prahran entity ceased to exist from 1 January 1992, when an Act of Parliament brought Prahran College of TAFE under the auspices of Swinburne University of Technology. The tertiary courses, Graphics and Industrial Design, remained on the campus. All others were moved to Deakin University, except Prahran Fine Art, which was relocated and amalgamated with the Victorian College of the Arts.
Poultney (town), Vermont
Poultney is a town in Rutland County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. New York state is on its western border. Castleton, Vermont, is on its northern border. Poultney was home to Green Mountain College, a private liberal arts college that closed in 2019. The Village of Poultney is entirely within the town. The town population was 3,020 at the 2020 census.

Poultney was charted on September 21, 1761, named for William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, a British politician and orator. Bath was the founder of the political faction known as the Patriot Whigs, in opposition to the government of Robert Walpole.

Poultney (village), Vermont
Poultney is a village in Rutland County of the U.S. state of Vermont.  The village is entirely within the town of Poultney. The population was 1,079 at the 2020 census. Poultney was home to the former Green Mountain College.
Troup County, Georgia
Troup County (/truːp/, TROOP) is a county in the West Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 69,426. The county seat is LaGrange. Troup County comprises the LaGrange micropolitan statistical area along with Chambers County, AL. It is included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs combined statistical area.

Coweta County, Georgia
Coweta County /kaʊˈiːtə/ is a county in the West Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is part of Metro Atlanta. As of the 2020 census, the population was 146,158. The county seat is Newnan.

Coweta County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell metropolitan statistical area.