hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Hutchinson Synge
Edward Hutchinson Synge (1 June 1890 – 26 May 1957) was an Irish physicist who published a complete theoretical description of the near-field scanning optical microscope, an instrument used in nanotechnology, several decades before it was experimentally developed. He never completed university yet did significant original research in both microscopy and telescopy. He was the first to apply the principle of scanning in imaging, which later became important in a wide range of technologies including television, radar, and scanning electron microscopy. He was the older brother of distinguished mathematician and theoretical physicist John Lighton Synge.

John Lighton Synge
John Lighton Synge FRS FRSC (/sɪŋ/; 23 March 1897 – 30 March 1995) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, whose seven-decade career included significant periods in Ireland, Canada, and the USA. He was a prolific author and influential mentor, and is credited with the introduction of a new geometrical approach to the theory of relativity.
Koronadal
Koronadal, officially the City of Koronadal (Hiligaynon: Syudad sang Koronadal; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Koronadal; Ilocano: Siudad ti Koronadal; Maguindanaon: Kuta nu Kurunadal, Filipino: Lungsod ng Koronadal) and also known as Marbel, is a component city and capital of the province of South Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 201,844 people.

Koronadal is the capital city of the province of South Cotabato and serves as the regional administrative center of Soccsksargen (Region XII). It is also the second most populous city in both South Cotabato and the entire Soccsksargen region, following General Santos.

Koronadal is one of the two cities in Mindanao with a predominantly Hiligaynon-speaking population, comprising approximately 95% of its residents. In 2003 and 2005 the city was recognized as "Most Competitive City" in the small-city category, and in 2005 and 2006 as the most business friendly city in Mindanao.

General Santos
General Santos, officially the City of General Santos and abbreviated as GenSan, is a highly urbanized city in the region of Soccsksargen, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 722,059 people making it the most populous city in Soccsksargen Region.

It is located on the island of Mindanao, it is the southernmost and 13th-most populous city in the Philippines. It is the regional center for commerce and industry of the Soccsksargen region, and it is also the only coastal as well as the largest city in the province of South Cotabato wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority but administered independently of it.
Redpoint (climbing)
In rock climbing, a redpoint is a successful free-climb of a climbing route performed by a lead climber.

The climber can use rock-climbing equipment only for protection, not as an artificial aid to rest or climb. The climber can have attempted or practised the route many times beforehand, such as by headpointing or by top roping.

When performed on the first attempt, a successful redpoint is typically called onsight (without prior knowledge about beta), or flash (with beta provided by others). Typically, climbers try to redpoint a route after having failed to onsight or flash it.

Regardless of the number of attempts required to perform it, the first successful redpoint of a climbing route is recorded as the first free ascent (FFA) of that route.

Beta (climbing)
Beta is a climbing term that designates information about how to ascend a climbing route, and the specific climbing techniques required—and how to apply them—to overcome the key challenges encountered. Traditionally sourced in climbing guidebooks, online databases and apps now provide detailed climbing beta. The term is attributed to Texan climber Jack Mileski.

When a climber completes a route on their first attempt and without falling, it is called an onsight if they had no beta, or a flash if they had beta (a completion after several failed attempts is called a redpoint). New grade milestones in the on-sighting and flashing of routes are actively followed in the climbing media.  The discovery of new beta has led to the re-grading of notable and historic climbing routes.
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ loʁɑ̃ dy maʁɔni], lit. 'Saint-Laurent of the Maroni'; French Guianese Creole: Sen-Laurent-di-Maronni) is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is one of the three sub-prefectures of French Guiana and the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. It is the second most populous city of French Guiana, with 54,429 inhabitants at the January 2023 census.

Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni was the site of a penal colony from 1858 to 1946. In 2025 France announced a plan to open a new high-security prison there.

Prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni
5°30′15″N 54°01′57″W﻿ / ﻿5.50417°N 54.03250°W﻿ / 5.50417; -54.03250

The prison of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French: Bagne de Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni) was the main penal colony in French Guiana for more than a century. Some of the buildings were restored in the early 1980s.
Battle of Gifu Castle
The Battle of Gifu Castle (岐阜城の戦い, Gifu-jō no Tatakai) took place in September 1600 that led to the destruction of Gifu Castle in Gifu, Mino Province (modern-day Gifu Prefecture), Japan. The battle served as a prelude to the Battle of Sekigahara the following month. It pitted Oda Hidenobu of the Ishida Mitsunari western forces against Ikeda Terumasa, Ikeda Sen, and Fukushima Masanori of the eastern forces and loyal to Tokugawa Ieyasu. The castle was destroyed as a result of the battle.

Gifu Castle
Gifu Castle (岐阜城, Gifu-jō) is a Japanese castle located in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Along with Mount Kinka and the Nagara River, it is one of the main symbols of the city. The castle is also known as Inabayama Castle (稲葉山城, Inabayama-jō). It was designated a National Historic Site in 2011.
Kim Seon-yeong (curler)
Kim Seon-yeong (born May 18, 1993), nicknamed "Sunny", is a South Korean curler. She was the second, but now plays lead on Team Kim Eun-jung. The Kim team represented South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics, where they won a silver medal.

Kim Eun-jung (curler)
Kim Eun-jung (born November 29, 1990), nicknamed "Annie", is a South Korean curler from Uiseong. She currently skips her own team on the World Curling Tour. Kim skipped the national team from 2016 to 2018 and represented South Korea on home ice at the 2018 Winter Olympics, where her team won a silver medal.
Count of Vale de Reis
Count of Vale de Reis (in Portuguese Conde de Vale de Reis) is a Portuguese title of nobility granted by royal decree of King Philip III of Portugal, dated from August 16, 1628, to Nuno de Mendonça (c. 1560 – 1632).

The Counts of Vale de Reis, who inherited several Lordships and estates, became Marquesses of Loulé (in 1799) and Dukes of Loulé (in 1862).

Duke of Loulé
Duke of Loulé is a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree of King Luis I of Portugal, dated from October 3, 1862, to his grand-uncle Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, 2nd Marquis of Loulé and 9th Count of Vale de Reis. The new duke descended from earlier Portuguese monarchs and belonged to the highest nobility. After the fall of the monarchy in 1910 and the death of King Manuel II, the Duke of Loulé was acclaimed by his supporters as head of the Portuguese Royal house.
Lutyně (Orlová)
Lutyně (Polish: Lutynia, German: Leuten) is a municipal part of Orlová in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality, historically prior to World War II known as Polská Lutyně (Polish: Lutynia Polska, German: Polnischleuten, lit. 'Polish Lutyně'), and later as Horní Lutyně (Polish: Lutynia Górna, German: Ober-Leuten, lit. 'Upper Lutyně'). It became administratively a part of Orlová in 1946, as opposed to its sister settlement of Dolní Lutyně, which remained independent. It is now the largest municipal part, with a population of about 21,000, roughly three quarters of the Orlová population.

Orlová
Orlová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈorlovaː] ⓘ; Polish: Orłowa, German: Orlau) is a town in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. During the 20th century, the town developed rapidly thanks to coal mining, but the mining also severely damaged the town. In the 21st century, the town is struggling with structural problems and high unemployment, and is infamously known as the worst town to live in in the Czech Republic according to the national Quality of Life Index.
Comeng (train)
The Comeng (/ˈkɒmɛndʒ/ KOM-enj) is a class of electric multiple unit (EMU) operating on the suburban railway network of Melbourne. Built by their namesake Commonwealth Engineering (abbreviated as Comeng), the trains were introduced in 1981 as a replacement for the Tait and Harris trains. In total, 190 three-car trainsets were built, although only 109 remain in service and are expected to be retired by 2032.

The fleet underwent two major refurbishments. The first, a mid-life refurbishment, was carried out from 2000 to 2003 by Alstom and EDi Rail. The second, named the Comeng Life Extension Project, completed between 2017 and 2021, aimed to extend the trains' lifespan to meet their gradual replacement by the High Capacity Metro Trains and the X'Trapolis 2.0 trains. Alongside these upgrades, a number of minor improvement programs were also conducted on the trains to further enhance their efficiency, safety, and reliability.

X'Trapolis 2.0
The X'Trapolis 2.0 is a series of electric multiple unit (EMU) trains produced for the suburban rail network of Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, Australia. The trains are part of Alstom's X'Trapolis family. Construction of the trains started in 2024 at Alstom's Ballarat North Workshops, and testing began in March 2025.

The X'Trapolis 2.0 will replace the Comeng fleet on the Craigieburn, Upfield, and Frankston lines.
Umbermali railway station
Umbermali (formerly known as Oombermali, station code: OMB) is a railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network.

It comes under Shirol village of Shahapur taluka of Thane District in Maharashtra. Khardi is the previous stop and Kasara is the next stop.

Khardi railway station
Khardi is a railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. Thansit is the previous stop and Umbermali is the next stop. All suburban services terminating at, and departing from, Kasara, halt at this station.
Archie (search engine)
Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing users to more easily identify specific files. It is considered the first Internet search engine. The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage, then a postgraduate student at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.
Archie was superseded by other, more sophisticated search engines, including Jughead and Veronica, which were search engines for the Gopher protocol. These were in turn superseded by World Wide Web search engines like AltaVista and directories like Yahoo! in 1995. Work on Archie ceased in the late 1990s. A legacy Archie server was maintained for historic purposes in Poland at Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling in the University of Warsaw until 2023.

With assistance from the University of Warsaw, a new Archie server was created and opened for public access at The Serial Port, a web-based computer museum, on 11 May 2024.

Gopher (protocol)
Gopher (/ˈɡoʊfər/ ⓘ) is a communication protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents in Internet Protocol networks. The design of the Gopher protocol and user interface is menu-driven, and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately fell into disfavor, yielding to Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The Gopher ecosystem is often regarded as the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web.
Old Greenwich, Connecticut
Old Greenwich is a coastal village in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 6,611.

The town of Greenwich is one political and taxing body, but consists of several distinct sections or neighborhoods, such as Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Mianus, Old Greenwich, Riverside, and Greenwich (sometimes referred to as central, or downtown, Greenwich). Of these neighborhoods, three (Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside) have separate postal names and ZIP codes.

Glenville, Connecticut
Glenville is a neighborhood and census-designated place in the town of Greenwich in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,327. It is located in the western part of Greenwich at the falls of the Byram River, which provided waterpower when this was a mill village. The area is home to Glenville Elementary school, Western Civic Center and a volunteer fire station, the Glenville Fire Department.

The town of Greenwich is one political and taxing body, but consists of several distinct sections or neighborhoods, such as Banksville, Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Mianus,  Old Greenwich, Riverside and Greenwich (sometimes referred to as central, or downtown, Greenwich). Of these neighborhoods, three (Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside) have separate postal names and ZIP codes.
Fabio Filzi
Fabio Filzi (20 November 1884 – 12 July 1916) was an ethnic Italian who was born in the Austria-Hungarian Empire but was a irredentist patriot whose firm belief was that the Italian portions of Austria-Hungarian Empire should be united with Italy. He was captured and executed by the Austria-Hungarian Army with his superior Cesare Battisti.

Cesare Battisti (politician)
Cesare Battisti (4 February 1875 – 12 July 1916) was an Italian patriot, geographer, socialist politician and journalist of Austrian citizenship, who became a prominent Irredentist at the start of World War I.
Taylor Valley
Taylor Valley 77°37′S 163°00′E﻿ / ﻿77.617°S 163.000°E﻿ / -77.617; 163.000﻿ (Taylor Valley) is an ice-free valley about 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) long, once occupied by the receding Taylor Glacier.
It lies north of the Kukri Hills between the Taylor Glacier and New Harbour in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
Taylor Valley is the southernmost of the three large McMurdo Dry Valleys in the Transantarctic Mountains, located west of McMurdo Sound.

Taylor Glacier
The Taylor Glacier (77°44′S 162°10′E﻿ / ﻿77.733°S 162.167°E﻿ / -77.733; 162.167﻿ (Taylor Glacier)) is a glacier in Antarctica about 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) long, flowing from the plateau of Victoria Land into the western end of Taylor Valley, north of the Kukri Hills.
It flows to the south of the Asgard Range. The middle part of the glacier is bounded on the north by the Inland Forts and on the south by Beacon Valley.
Jorge L. Araneta
Jorge León "Nene" Araneta Araneta (born March 8, 1936) is a prominent Filipino businessman. Araneta chairs the Araneta Group of Companies which is engaged in property development, lodging and hospitality (Araneta City, Novotel Manila Araneta City, Ibis Styles Araneta City), food and dining (Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and Dairy Queen Philippine franchise holder), entertainment and leisure  (Araneta Coliseum, New Frontier Theater), and beauty and philanthropy (Binibining Pilipinas Charities, Inc., J. Amado Araneta Foundation). Araneta also serves as a director of the Philippine Seven Corporation (Philippine franchisee of 7-Eleven) and as one of the co-founders of Medical Doctors Inc. (owner and operator of Makati Medical Center).

He also serves as a Consul at the Colombian Embassy.

Araneta family
The Araneta family is a Filipino family that originated from Gipuzkoa, the Basque region of northern Spain. The name is derived from the Basque word aran meaning "valley", with the suffix -eta meaning "abundance of", but also a locative term denoting place. In this case, the Araneta name means "the family that comes from the valley".
Claudio J. Schonholz
Claudio J. Schonholz (born 1956 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an interventional radiologist, the first in the United States to perform minimally invasive aortic aneurysm surgery (stent graft procedure) together with Drs. Frank Veith, Juan C. Parodi and Michael L. Marin.

Juan C. Parodi
Juan Carlos Parodi (Buenos Aires, August 16, 1942) is an Argentinian vascular surgeon who introduced the minimally invasive endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) to the world and performed the first successful endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on 7 September 1990 in Buenos Aires. In 1992 he was the first in the United States to perform minimally invasive aortic aneurysm surgery (stent graft procedure) together with Drs. Frank Veith, Michael L. Marin and Claudio J. Schonholz.  He continues to develop new techniques, including seat belt and air bag technique for cerebral protection during carotid stenting.  He is recognized as a renowned pioneer in the specialty of endovascular repairs of the aorta.

Juan Parodi is also a political activist and defender of measures to alleviate poverty as well as promoter of the concept of responsible procreation and education of the most economically affected sectors in Argentina.
Kum & Go
Kum & Go, L.C. was a convenience store chain primarily located in the Midwestern United States. Started by William A. Krause and Tony S. Gentle, the company was headquartered at Des Moines, Iowa and operated 116 stores in 10 states—primarily in its home state of Iowa.

In addition to its home state, Kum & Go had units in Arkansas, Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. It was ranked as the 24th-largest convenience store chain in the United States by Convenience Store News in 2019.

On August 30, 2023, Maverik and its parent company, FJ Management, completed the acquisition of the chain. The conversion of Kum and Go stores was completed by November 2025, and most locations are now branded as Maverik, or were acquired by Casey's and Mega Saver.

FJ Management
FJ Management Inc., formerly known as Flying J Inc., is a privately held American corporation which operates convenience stores (under the Maverik brand), oil and refining, banking, and insurance businesses. Along with Pilot Corporation and Berkshire Hathaway, it was a joint-owner of Pilot Flying J, the largest truck stop chain in the United States.
Lake Ōkareka
Lake Ōkāreka (also spelled Okareka, Ōkareka and just termed Ōkāreka) is one of four small lakes lying between Lake Rotorua and Lake Tarawera, in the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. The others are Lake Rotokākahi (Green Lake), Lake Tikitapu (Blue Lake), and Lake Ōkataina. All lie within the Ōkataina Caldera, along its western edge.

Lake Ōkataina
Lake Ōkataina (also spelled Okataina; Māori: Te Moana i kataina ā Te Rangitakaroro or Ōkataina)  is the northernmost and largest of four smaller lakes lying between Lake Rotorua and Lake Tarawera in the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. The others are Lake Rotokākahi (Green Lake), Lake Tikitapu (Blue Lake), and Lake Ōkareka. All lie within the Ōkataina caldera, along its western edge.
Summerhill School
Summerhill School is an independent (i.e. fee-charging) day and boarding school in Leiston, Suffolk, England.  It was founded in 1921 by Alexander Sutherland Neill with the belief that the school should be made to fit the child, rather than the other way around. It is run as a democratic community and is considered a democratic school; the running of the school is conducted in the school meetings, which anyone, staff or pupil, may attend, and at which everyone has an equal vote. These meetings serve as both a legislative and judicial body. Members of the community are free to do as they please, so long as their actions do not cause any harm to others, according to Neill's principle "Freedom, not Licence." This extends to the freedom for pupils to choose which lessons, if any, they attend. It is an example of both democratic education and alternative education.

Leiston
Leiston (/ˈleɪstən/ LAY-stən) is a town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is close to Saxmundham and Aldeburgh, 21 miles (34 km) north-east of Ipswich and 90 miles (145 km) north-east of London. The town had a population of 5,508 at the 2011 Census.
Royal Dublin Fusiliers
The Royal Dublin Fusiliers was an infantry regiment of the British Army created in 1881 and disbanded in 1922. It was one of eight 'Irish' regiments of the army which were raised and garrisoned in Ireland, with the regiment's home depot being located in Naas. The regiment was created via the amalgamation of the Royal Bombay Fusiliers and Royal Madras Fusiliers, two army regiments stationed in India, with militia units from Dublin and Kildare as part of the Childers Reforms. Both battalions of the regiment served in the Second Boer War.

During World War I, a further six battalions were raised and the regiment saw action on the Western Front, the Mediterranean and the Middle East, during which its members won three Victoria Cross medals. Following the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, five army regiments whose traditional recruiting grounds were located in the new state, including the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, were disbanded.

Irish military diaspora
The Irish military diaspora refers to the many people of either Irish birth or extraction (see Irish diaspora) who have served in overseas military forces, regardless of rank, duration of service, or success.

Many overseas military units were primarily made up of Irishmen (or members of the Irish military diaspora) and had the word 'Irish', an Irish place name or an Irish person in the unit's name. 'Irish' named military units took part in numerous conflicts throughout world history. The first military unit of this kind was in the Spanish Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch. A notable example is that of Owen Roe O'Neill.
Monroe, New York
Monroe is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 21,387 at the 2020 census, compared to 39,912 at the 2010 census; the significant fall in census population was due to the secession of the town of Palm Tree in 2019. The town is named after President James Monroe.

Palm Tree, New York
Palm Tree is a town coterminous with the village of Kiryas Joel, inhabited by the Satmar Hasidic community, and the municipality to which it belonged, Monroe. The population of Palm Tree was 32,954 at the 2020 census.
Westinghouse J34
The Westinghouse J34, company designation Westinghouse 24C, was a turbojet engine developed by Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division in the late 1940s. Essentially an enlarged version of the earlier Westinghouse J30, the J34 produced 3,000 pounds of thrust, twice as much as the J30. Later models produced as much as 4,900 lb with the addition of an afterburner. It first flew in 1947. The J46 engine was developed as a larger, more powerful version of Westinghouse's J34 engine, about 50% larger.

Westinghouse J30
The Westinghouse J30, initially known as the Westinghouse 19XB, was a turbojet engine developed by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. It was the first American-designed turbojet to run, and only the second axial-flow turbojet to run outside Germany (after the British Metropolitan-Vickers F.2).

A simple and robust unit with six-stage compressor, annular combustor, and single-stage turbine, it initially gave 1,200 pounds of thrust but improved to 1,600 in production versions. Its first flight was under a FG Corsair in January 1944. It was developed into the smaller J32, and the successful Westinghouse J34, an enlarged version which produced 3,000 pounds of thrust.