hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zayin
Zayin (also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay) is the seventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician zayn 𐤆, Hebrew zayīn ז‎, Aramaic zain 𐡆, Syriac zayn ܙ, and Arabic zāy ز‎. It represents the sound [z]. It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪘‎‎, South Arabian 𐩸, and Ge'ez ዘ.‌ The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan z , Latin Z, and Cyrillic Ze З, as well as Ж.

Gimel
Gimel is the third (in alphabetical order; fifth in spelling order) letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician gīml 𐤂, Hebrew gīmel ג‎, Aramaic gāmal 𐡂, Syriac gāmal ܓ Arabic jīm ج‎.  Ancient North Arabian 𐪔‎, South Arabian 𐩴, and Ge'ez ገ.

Its sound value in the original Phoenician and in all derived alphabets, except Arabic, is a voiced velar plosive [ɡ]; in Modern Standard Arabic, it represents either a /d͡ʒ/ or /ʒ/ for most Arabic speakers except in Northern Egypt, the southern parts of Yemen and some parts of Oman where it is pronounced as the voiced velar plosive [ɡ].

In its Proto-Canaanite form, the letter may have been named after a weapon that was either a staff sling or a throwing stick (spear thrower), ultimately deriving from a Proto-Sinaitic glyph based on the hieroglyph below:

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek gamma (Γ), the Latin C, G, Ɣ and Ȝ, and the Cyrillic Г, Ґ, and Ғ.
Tomioka Tessai
Tomioka Tessai (富岡 鉄斎; 25 January 1836 or 27 January 1837 – 31 December 1924) was the pseudonym for a painter and calligrapher in imperial Japan. He is regarded as the last major artist in the Bunjinga tradition and one of the first major artists of the Nihonga style. His real name was Yusuke, which he later changed to Hyakuren.

Nanga (Japanese painting)
Nanga (南画, "Southern painting"), also known as Bunjinga (文人画, "literati painting"),  was a school of Japanese painting which flourished in the late Edo period among artists who considered themselves literati, or intellectuals. While each of these artists was, almost by definition, unique and independent, they all shared an admiration for traditional Chinese culture. Their paintings, usually in monochrome black ink, sometimes with light color, and nearly always depicting Chinese landscapes or similar subjects, were patterned after Chinese literati painting, called wenrenhua (文人画) in Chinese.
Christina Ingesdotter
Christina Ingesdotter (Swedish: Kristina; 11th century – 18 January 1122) was a Swedish princess and a princess consort of Veliky Novgorod, Rostov and Belgorod, by marriage to Grand Prince Mstislav I of Kiev.

Mstislav I of Kiev
Mstislav I Vladimirovich Monomakh (Old East Slavic: Мьстиславъ Володимѣровичъ Мономахъ, romanized: Mĭstislavŭ Volodiměrovičŭ Monomakhŭ; Christian name: Fedor; February 1076 – 14 April 1132), also known as Mstislav the Great, was Grand Prince of Kiev from 1125 until his death in 1132. After his death, the state began to quickly disintegrate into rival principalities.

He was the eldest son of Vladimir II Monomakh by Gytha of Wessex. He is figured prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name Harald, to allude to his grandfather, Harold II of England.
2867 Šteins
2867 Šteins (provisional designation 1969 VC) is an irregular, diamond-shaped background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. Classified as an E-type asteroid, it is approximately 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 4 November 1969 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij on the Crimean peninsula. In September 2008, European Space Agency's (ESA) spacecraft Rosetta flew by Šteins, making it one of few minor planets ever visited by a spacecraft. The bright E-type asteroid features 23 named craters and has a rotation period of 6.05 hours. It was named for Soviet Latvian astronomer Kārlis Šteins.

Nikolai Chernykh
Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh (Russian: Никола́й Степа́нович Черны́х, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj sʲtʲɪˈpanəvʲɪtɕ tɕɪrˈnɨx]; 6 October 1931 – 25 May 2004) was a Russian-born Soviet astronomer and discoverer of minor planets and comets at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyi, Crimea.
Henry Walker (mines inspector)
Sir Henry Walker CBE (17 March 1873 – 3 August 1954) was the Chief Inspector of Mines for Great Britain in the 1930s, most notable for leading the enquiry into the Gresford Colliery Disaster of 1934. In his younger days he was a rugby player of some note playing at county level and representing the Barbarians.

Gresford disaster
The Gresford disaster (Welsh: Trychineb Gresffordd) occurred on 22 September 1934 at Gresford Colliery, near Wrexham, when an explosion and underground fire killed 261 men. Gresford is one of Britain's worst coal mining disasters: a controversial inquiry into the disaster did not conclusively identify a cause, though evidence suggested that failures in safety procedures and poor mine management were contributory factors. Further public controversy was caused by the decision to seal the colliery's damaged sections permanently, meaning that the bodies of only eight of the miners were ever recovered. Two of the three rescue men who died were brought out leaving the third body in situ until recovery operations began the following year.
Abdul Kadir (politician)
Abdul Kadir (born Michael Seaforth; 1952 – 28 June 2018) was a Guyanese politician and convicted terrorist. He was a member of Guyana's parliament, the National Assembly and mayor of Guyana's second-largest city, Linden, from 1994 to 1996. A chemical engineer by profession, he served in the National Assembly from 2001 to 2006 as a member of the main opposition party, the People's National Congress Reform. Kadir was convicted and sentenced to life in prison for an alleged Islamist terrorist bomb plot in New York City.

2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot
The 2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot was an alleged Islamist terrorist plot to blow up a system of jet fuel supply tanks and pipelines that feed fuel to John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in Queens, New York.  These pipelines travel throughout the undergrounds of New York City in densely populated areas.  The alleged plot was foiled when an undercover law enforcement official was recruited to the homegrown terrorist cell.
Lancaster Stormers
The Lancaster Stormers (formerly known as the Lancaster Barnstormers) are an American professional baseball team based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They are members of the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a "partner league" of Major League Baseball. Since 2005, the team has played its home games at Penn Medicine Park in the city's Northwest Corridor, following the stadium's completion.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Lorette Charpy
Lorette Charpy (born December 3, 2001) is a French artistic gymnast. She was part of the bronze medal-winning team at the 2023 World Championships and the silver medal winning team at the 2018 European Championships. Individually she is the 2019 European Games all-around silver medalist and 2019 European Championships bronze medalist on the balance beam. She won bronze on bars at the 2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships

Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos
Mélanie Johanna de Jesus dos Santos (born 5 March 2000) is a French artistic gymnast. She was a member of the bronze medal-winning team at the 2023 World Championships.  She is the 2019 European all-around champion, a two time European champion on the floor exercise (2018, 2019), and the 2021 European champion on the balance beam. She is also the 2018 European silver medalist with the French team, the 2019 European silver medalist on the balance beam, and the 2017 European bronze medalist in the all-around. She represented France at the 2020 Summer Olympics where she placed sixth with the team and on the uneven bars and eleventh in the all-around. She is the 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2024 French all-around champion, and she won the Longines Prize for Elegance in 2019.
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin (18 April 1163 – 14 January 1224), personal name Wudubu, sinicized names Wanyan Xun and Wanyan Congjia, was the eighth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was the second Jin emperor to be defeated by the Mongol Empire, and the first after they crossed the Great Wall in 1211 during the Jin campaign.

Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty, also known as the Mongol–Jin War, was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China. The war, which started in 1211, lasted over 23 years and ended with the complete conquest of the Jin dynasty by the Mongols in 1234.
Sergio Sartorelli
Sergio Sartorelli (7 May 1928 – 28 November 2009) was a noted Italian automotive designer and engineer.

During his career at Carrozzeria Ghia, OSI, and finally Fiat, Sartorelli became widely known for his work on the Fiat 2300 S Coupé, Karmann Ghia Type 34, and the Fiat 126.

He was the honorary president of the Italian Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Club.

Carrozzeria Ghia
Carrozzeria Ghia SpA (established 1916 in Turin) is an Italian automobile design and coachbuilding firm, established by Giacinto Ghia and Gariglio as "Carrozzeria Ghia & Gariglio". The headquarters are located at Corso Guglielmo Marconi, 4, Turin. The company is currently owned by Ford Motor Company and focused on the European market through Ford's subsidiary in the region.

Through the years, Ghia has produced many bodies for several automobile manufacturers such as Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Ferrari, Fiat, Ford, Jaguar, and Volkswagen.
Mount Wilhelm
Mount Wilhelm (German: Wilhelmsberg) is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea at 4,509 metres (14,793 ft). It is part of the Bismarck Range and the peak is the point where three provinces, Chimbu, Jiwaka and Madang, meet. The peak is also known as Enduwa Kombuglu, or Kombugl'o Dimbin, in the local Kuman language.

The mountain is on the island of New Guinea, which incorporates Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian provinces of Papua. It is surpassed by Puncak Jaya, 4,884 m (16,024 ft), and several other peaks in Indonesian Papua.

Mount Wilhelm may be considered the highest mountain in Oceania (including Australia and New Zealand) according to present political boundaries of nation states, while Puncak Jaya contends for the same title based on physical geography. A Seven Summits list thus sometimes includes Mount Wilhelm.

Seven Summits
The Seven Summits are the highest mountains on each of the seven traditional continents. On 30 April 1985, Richard Bass became the first climber to reach the summit of all seven.

In January 2023, Climbing said "Today, the Seven Summits are a relatively common—almost cliché—tour of each continent's highest peak", and while reaching the peak of the "Seven Summits" is no longer considered a significant achievement amongst mountaineers, it remains a popular challenge for "adventure mountaineers" using expedition climbing techniques.
Forward Sports
Forward Sports is a Pakistani multi-national company based in Sialkot, Punjab, specializing in the manufacture of sports equipment, primarily soccer balls. The company produces balls for prominent brands including Adidas. Founded in 1991 by Khawaja Masood Akhtar, Forward Sports began its partnership with Adidas in 1994. Since then, it has produced balls for many international events, including UEFA Champions League on several occasions. It was the official provider of balls for the 2014 FIFA World Cup (the Brazuca), the 2018 FIFA World Cup (the Telstar 18) and the 2022 FIFA World Cup (the Al Rihla).

It produces soccer balls, handballs, sala balls, beach balls, indoor balls, sports bags, shin guards, goalkeeping gloves and medicine balls.

The company was awarded a  contract to produce over 3,000 Adidas Brazuca balls that were used at the FIFA World Cup 2014 in Brazil. Khawaja Masud Akhtar was awarded with the Sitara-i-Imtiaz on 23 March 2019 and the Hilal-i-Imtiaz on 23 March 2023.

Adidas Al Rihla
The Adidas Al Rihla (Arabic: الْرِّحْلَة, romanized: ar-riḥla, lit. 'The Journey') is a ball used for association football and produced by Adidas. It was the official match ball of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, and has also been used as the official match ball for the Saudi Professional League and for the Qatar Stars League for the 2022–23 season. The ball contains a suspended inertial measurement unit inside its bladder that supplies the video assistant referee with instantaneous, highly detailed ball movement data. The ball was designed for sustainability, being the first FIFA World Cup official match ball to be produced with environmentally friendly inks and adhesives.
Bagha Jatin (1958 film)
Bagha Jatin is a Bengali biographical film directed by Hiranmoy Sen based on the life of Indian revolutionary Bagha Jatin. This film was released on 27 June 1958 under the banner of Bharati Chitram Private Limited. This is the debut film of Bengali actor Nimu Bhowmik.

Bagha Jatin
Bagha Jatin (lit. 'Tiger Jatin'; pronounced [ˈbaɡʰa ˈd͡ʒot̪in]) or Baghajatin, born Jatindranath Mukherjee (pronounced [ˈd͡ʒot̪ind̪roˌnatʰ ˈmukʰoˌpaddʰae̯]); 7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was an Indian independence activist.

He was one of the principal leaders of the Jugantar party that was the central association of revolutionary independence activists in Bengal.
Programming language
A programming language is an engineered language for expressing computer programs.

Programming languages typically allow software to be written in a human readable manner.

Execution of a program requires an implementation. There are two main approaches for implementing a programming language – compilation, where programs are compiled ahead-of-time to machine code, and interpretation, where programs are directly executed. In addition to these two extremes, some implementations use hybrid approaches such as just-in-time compilation and bytecode interpreters.

The design of programming languages has been strongly influenced by computer architecture, with most imperative languages designed around the ubiquitous von Neumann architecture. While early programming languages were closely tied to the hardware, modern languages often hide hardware details via abstraction in an effort to enable better software with less effort.

Abstraction (computer science)
In software, an abstraction provides access while hiding details that otherwise might make access more challenging. It focuses attention on details of greater importance. Examples include the abstract data type which separates use from the representation of data and functions that form a call tree that is more general at the base and more specific towards the leaves.
Maurici de Sivatte i de Bobadilla
Maurici de Sivatte i de Bobadilla (Spanish: Mauricio de Sivatte y de Bobadilla) (1901–1980) was a Spanish Carlist politician. He is known as leader of Catalan Carlism in two separate strings, briefly in the early 1930s and then in the decade of the 1940s. He is also recognized as the moving spirit behind RENACE, a Traditionalist splinter faction set up in 1958.

Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma
Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, known in France before 1974 as Prince Xavier de Bourbon-Parme, known in Spain as Francisco Javier de Borbón-Parma y de Braganza or simply as Don Javier (25 May 1889 – 7 May 1977), was head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma. He is best known as dynastic leader of Carlism and the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain, since 1936 as a regent-claimant and since 1952 as a claimant, appearing under the name Javier I. Since 1974, he was pretender to the defunct throne of Parma. He is also recognized as involved in the so-called Sixtus Affair of 1916–1917 and in the so-called Halifax-Chevalier talks of 1940.
Hackle
The hackle is a clipped plume or short spray of coloured feathers that is attached to a military headdress, with different colours being associated with particular regiments.

In the British Army and the armies of some Commonwealth countries, the hackle is worn by some infantry regiments, especially those designated as fusilier regiments and those with Scottish and Northern Irish origins.

The modern hackle has its origins in a much longer plume, originally referred to by its Scots name, heckle, which was commonly attached to the feather bonnet worn by Highland regiments (now usually only worn by drummers, pipers and bandsmen). The smaller version originated in a regimental emblem adopted by the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment, to be worn in the sun helmet issued in hot-weather postings from the 1870s.

Fusilier
Fusilier is a name given to various kinds of soldiers; its meaning depends on the historical context. While fusilier is derived from the 17th-century French word fusil – meaning a type of flintlock musket – the term has been used in contrasting ways in different countries and at different times, including soldiers guarding artillery, various elite units, ordinary line infantry and other uses.
Mount Davis, Hong Kong
Mount Davis (Chinese: 摩星嶺) or Mo Sing Leng is an area surrounding and including the westernmost hill on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is 269 m tall. Home to mostly luxury residences, Mount Davis was originally settled after the construction of Victoria Road by prominent Hong Kong families who were unable to live on Peak due to the zoning restriction in Peak District Reservation Ordinance, 1904.

It is named after Sir John Francis Davis, who was the 2nd governor of Hong Kong, from 1844 to 1848.

The summit is reached via Mount Davis Path, which comes off Mount Davis Road and Victoria Road.

Victoria Road, Hong Kong
Victoria Road is a main road near the west shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong connecting Kennedy Town and Wah Fu and an alternative connection of Pok Fu Lam Road. It begins north with Belcher's Street in Kennedy Town and goes along Mount Davis, Sandy Bay, Telegraph Bay and Waterfall Bay and reaches in Kellett Bay.
Talon of the Silver Hawk
Talon of the Silver Hawk is  a fantasy novel by American writer Raymond E. Feist, the first book in the Conclave of Shadows trilogy, part of The Riftwar Cycle. It was preceded by Krondor: Tear of the Gods and is followed by King of Foxes, and concluded in Exile's Return.

Conclave of Shadows
Conclave of Shadows is a series of fantasy novels by Raymond E. Feist, part of The Riftwar Cycle. The series picks up events following The Serpentwar Saga, and deals with the secret titular organization formed by the great magician Pug, and its initial struggle against evil necromancer Leso Varen while in the employ of Kaspar, Duke of Olasko.
Millet Network of India
The Millet Network of India supports millet farmers. It was created by one hundred women who realised the qualities of the traditional crop. The group have helped village farmers to grow millet with low water usage and organic fertiliser while highlighting the injustice of government subsidies which encourage competitor crops like rice. It has received both the Nari Shakti Puraskar and the Equator Award.

Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.
2020 Wisconsin State Assembly election
The Wisconsin State Assembly elections of 2020 were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020.  All 99 seats in the Wisconsin State Assembly were up for election. 13 incumbent Assembly members filed papers declaring that they would not run for re-election, including two who announced early vacancies.  Right before this election, 63 Assembly seats were held by Republicans, 34 seats were held by Democrats, and two seats were vacant (both seats were vacated by Democrats).

2020 Wisconsin Senate election
The 2020 Wisconsin Senate elections were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, at the Fall general election in Wisconsin. 16 of the 33 seats in the Wisconsin Senate were up for election—the even-numbered districts. Before the election, Republicans held 18 seats, Democrats held 13, and two were vacant. Of the seats up for election, seven were held by Republicans, seven were held by Democrats, one was vacated by a Democratic resignation, and one was vacated by a Republican resignation. The primary election was held on August 11, 2020.

Republicans maintained control of the Senate but fell one seat short of a supermajority, defeating one Democratic incumbent and winning an open seat previously held by a Democrat. After the elections, Republicans were set to enter the 105th Wisconsin Legislature with 21 of 33 seats, but one member resigned due to election to another office, leaving them with 20 seats at the start of the legislative term.
Joe and Petunia
Joe and Petunia is a four part series of public information films from the UK. The series was made by Nicholas Cartoons, which was also responsible for the 1981 television series Willo the Wisp. The films were animated and featured Joe, a tiny little man in pinstripes, and Petunia, his wife who wore a hat and sunglasses. The voices were played by Wendy Craig as Petunia, later replaced by Brigit Forsyth for the last film, and Peter Hawkins as Joe. In each film, they cause danger with their avoidable accidents, advising the public on what not to do in a similar situation.

Public information film
Public information films (PIFs) are government-commissioned short films, often shown during television advertising breaks in the United Kingdom. The name is sometimes also applied, faute de mieux, to similar films from other countries, but the US equivalent is the public service announcement (PSA). Public information films were commonplace from the 1950s until the 2000s and covered a variety of topics such as fire safety, safer driving and child abuse. Notable charities and campaigns include the NHS, NSPCC, Fire Kills  and Think  (Stylised THINK!). Public Information Films are still broadcast to this day but are much less common with the closure of the Central Office of Information in 2011. Public Information Films are notorious for being particularly brutal and frightening as, in the 70s and 80s, many PIFs were shown in school to warn young children on the dangers of playing on farming equipment and railroads.
Vasily Zarubin
Vasily Mikhailovich Zarubin (Russian: Васи́лий Михáйлович Зарýбин) (4 February 1894 – 18 September 1972) was a Soviet intelligence officer.  In the United States, he used the cover name Vasily Zubilin and served as the chief Soviet intelligence Rezident from 1941 to 1944.  Zarubin's wife, Elizaveta, served with him.

Resident spy
A resident spy in the world of espionage is an agent operating within a foreign country for extended periods of time. A base of operations within a foreign country with which a resident spy may liaise is known as a "station" in English and a rezidentura (резиденту́ра, 'residency') in Russian. What the U.S. would call a "station chief", the head spy, is known as a rezident (резиде́нт) in Russian.