hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Little League World Series (New England Region)
The New England Region is one of ten United States regions that currently send teams to the Little League World Series, the largest youth baseball competition in the world. The region's participation in the Little League World Series dates back to 1957, when it was known as the East Region. However, in 2001, the East Region was split into the New England Region and the Mid-Atlantic Region.

Regional headquarters are located in Bristol, Connecticut.

The New England Region consists of four New England states:

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Vermont

Following the 2021 LLWS, Connecticut and Rhode Island were moved to a newly created Metro Region. The latter region is one of the two new U.S. regions to be created as part of a planned expansion of the LLWS from 16 to 20 teams. This expansion was originally scheduled to occur for 2021, but was delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Little League World Series (Mid-Atlantic Region)
The Mid-Atlantic Region is one of ten United States regions that currently sends teams to the Little League World Series, the largest youth baseball tournament in the world. The Mid-Atlantic Region's participation in the LLWS dates back to 1957, when it was known as the East Region. However, when the LLWS doubled in size from eight to 16 teams in 2001, with the number of US teams expanding from four to eight, the East Region was split into the New England and Mid-Atlantic Regions.

The Mid-Atlantic Region consists of Washington, D.C., and three Mid-Atlantic states:

Delaware

Maryland

Pennsylvania

Washington, D.C.

Following the 2021 LLWS, New Jersey and New York has been moved to a newly created Metro Region. The latter region is one of the two new U.S. regions to be created as part of a planned expansion of the LLWS from 16 to 20 teams. This expansion was originally scheduled to occur for 2021, but was delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Giovanni Ceva
Giovanni Ceva (September 1, 1647 – May 13, 1734) was an Italian mathematician widely known for proving Ceva's theorem in elementary geometry. His brother, Tommaso Ceva, was also a well-known poet and mathematician.

Tommaso Ceva
Tommaso Ceva (December 20, 1648 – February 3, 1737) was an Italian Jesuit mathematician from Milan.  He was the brother of Giovanni Ceva. His work aided in spreading a knowledge of Newton's discovery of the law of gravitation.
Indian robin
The Indian robin (Copsychus fulicatus) is a species of passerine bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is widespread in the Indian subcontinent and ranges across Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The males of the northern subspecies have brown backs whose extent gradually reduces southwards, with the males of the southern subspecies having all-black backs. They are commonly found in open scrub areas and often seen running along the ground or perching on low thorny shrubs and rocks. The long tail is usually held up and the chestnut undertail coverts and dark body make them easily distinguishable from pied bushchats and Oriental magpie-robins.

Pied bush chat
The pied bush chat (Saxicola caprata) is a small passerine bird found ranging from West Asia and Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. About sixteen subspecies are recognized through its wide range with many island forms. It is a familiar bird of countryside and open scrub or grassland where it is found perched at the top of short thorn trees or other shrubs, looking out for insect prey. They pick up insects mainly from the ground, and were, like other chats, placed in the thrush family Turdidae, but are now considered as Old World flycatchers.

They nest in cavities in stone walls or in holes in an embankment, lining the nest with grass and animal hair. The males are black with white shoulder and vent patches whose extent varies among populations. Females are predominantly brownish while juveniles are speckled.
Chaonians
The Chaonians (Ancient Greek: Χάονες, romanized: Cháones) were an ancient Greek people that inhabited the historical region of Epirus which today is part of northwestern Greece and southern Albania. Together with the Molossians and the Thesprotians, they formed the main tribes of the northwestern Greek group. In historical times on their southern frontier lay the Epirote kingdom of the Molossians, to their southwest stood the kingdom of the Thesprotians, and to their north the Illyrians. By the 5th century BC, they had conquered and combined to a large degree with the neighboring Thesprotians and Molossians. The Chaonians were part of the Epirote League until 170 BC when their territory was annexed by the Roman Republic.

Molossians
The Molossians (Greek: Μολοσσοί or Μολοττοί, romanized: Molossoi or Molottoi) were a group of ancient Greek tribes which inhabited the region of Epirus in classical antiquity. Together with the Chaonians and the Thesprotians, they formed the main tribal groupings of the northwestern Greek group. On their northern frontier, they neighbored the Chaonians and on their southern frontier neighbored the kingdom of the Thesprotians. They formed their own state around 370 BC and were part of the League of Epirus. The most famous Molossian ruler was Pyrrhus of Epirus, considered one of the greatest generals of antiquity. The Molossians sided with the Macedonians against Rome in the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC) and were defeated. Following the war, the region witnessed devastation while a considerable number of Molossians and other Epirotes were enslaved and transported to the Roman Republic, in the Italian Peninsula.
Closure (topology)
In topology, the closure of a subset S of points in a topological space consists of all points in S together with all limit points of S. The closure of S may equivalently be defined as the union of S and its boundary, and also as the intersection of all closed sets containing S. Intuitively, the closure can be thought of as all the points that are either in S or "very near" S. A point which is in the closure of S is a point of closure of S. The notion of closure is in many ways dual to the notion of interior.

Interior (topology)
In mathematics, specifically in topology,
the interior of a subset S of a topological space X is the union of all subsets of S that are open in X.
A point that is in the interior of S is an interior point of S.
The interior of S is the complement of the closure of the complement of S.
In this sense interior and closure are dual notions.

The exterior of a set S is the complement of the closure of S; it consists of the points that are in neither the set nor its boundary.
The interior, boundary, and exterior of a subset together partition the whole space into three blocks (or fewer when one or more of these is empty).
Queen of Malta
Elizabeth II was the only monarch of the State of Malta, which existed from 1964 to 1974. The State of Malta was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy, which shared a monarch with other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional duties in Malta were mostly delegated to a Governor-General.

Following an amendment to the Constitution in 1974, the monarchy was abolished, with the country becoming  the Republic of Malta, and the Queen being replaced as head of state by a President, although Malta remained in the Commonwealth of Nations.

State of Malta
The State of Malta (Maltese: Stat ta’ Malta), commonly known as Malta, existed between 21 September 1964 and 13 December 1974. It is the predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Malta.

The Crown Colony of Malta became independent under the Malta Independence Act 1964 (c. 86) passed by the British Parliament. Under the new Constitution of Malta, approved in a referendum held in May of that year, Queen Elizabeth II became the Queen of Malta. Her constitutional roles were delegated to the governor-general of Malta. Between 1964 and 1974, Elizabeth II visited Malta once, in November 1967.
Pisa Aeroporto railway station
Pisa Aeroporto railway station (Italian: Stazione di Pisa Aeroporto) was a railway station within Pisa International Airport, Italy. A shuttle train service operated between it and the nearby main railway station in Pisa, Pisa Centrale railway station, although there were also a few direct services to Florence.

It was closed on 15 December 2013 to make way for the construction of a fully automated people mover, called PisaMover, which operates services to Pisa Centrale every five minutes. PisaMover came into operation in March 2017.

Pisa Centrale railway station
Pisa Centrale railway station (Italian: Stazione di Pisa Centrale) is the central station of the Italian city of Pisa, the first station of the city in terms of passengers, before Pisa San Rossore railway station. The station is one of the major railway junctions of Tuscany. Lines serving the station include three long-distance lines: the Pisa–Livorno–Rome line, the Pisa–La Spezia–Genoa line and the Pisa–Florence line. Local services operate on the Lucca–Pisa line. The line from Pisa to Vada via Collesalvetti, which was closed from 1992 to 2000, is now only open for freight traffic.
Range Rover
The Land Rover Range Rover, generally shortened to Range Rover, is a 4WD luxury mid to full size crossover marque and sub-brand of Jaguar Land Rover. The Range Rover line was launched in 1970 by British Leyland and since 2022 is in its fifth generation.

Additional models have been launched under the Range Rover name, including the Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Evoque, and Range Rover Velar.

Range Rover Sport
The Land Rover Range Rover Sport is a mid-size luxury SUV produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover, part of Jaguar Land Rover. Introduced in 2005 with the first-generation L320 model, it was succeeded by the second-generation L494 in 2013, and the third-generation L461 in 2022.
Čakovec Castle
Čakovec Castle or Zrinski Castle (Croatian: Čakovečka utvrda or Stari grad Zrinskih or Hungarian: Csáktornyai vár or Zrínyi-kastély) is a medieval fortification in the middle of the town of Čakovec, the administrative seat of Međimurje County, northern Croatia.

The castle is located in the Zrinski Park, not far from the city's central square, and is the biggest fortification in Međimurje County. It was constructed of hewn stone and red brick, and, during its more than 7-century-long history, subjected to several reconstructions. Today it is partly restored.

The castle's main palace houses the Međimurje County Museum, the biggest museum in the county, and its atrium is also used as an outdoor theatre during the summer months. The place was the scene of the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, a significant event in the history of Croatia.

On 19 November 2007 Čakovec Castle was classified as a protected cultural good in the Register of Cultural Goods of Croatia under No. N-23.

Zrinski family
The House of Zrinski or Zrínyi was a Croatian-Hungarian noble family, a cadet branch of the Croatian noble tribe of Šubić, influential during the period in history marked by the Ottoman wars in Europe in the Kingdom of Croatia's union with the Kingdom of Hungary and in the later Kingdom of Croatia as a part of the Habsburg monarchy. Notable members of this family were Bans of Croatia, considered national heroes in both Croatia and Hungary, and were particularly celebrated during the period of Romanticism, a movement which was called Zrinijada in Croatia.
Naval tactics in the Age of Steam
The development of the steam ironclad firing explosive shells in the mid-19th century rendered sailing ship tactics obsolete.

New tactics were developed for the big-gun Dreadnought battleships. The mine, torpedo, submarine and aircraft posed new threats, each of which had to be countered, leading to tactical developments such as anti-submarine warfare and the use of dazzle camouflage. By the end of the steam age, aircraft carriers had replaced battleships as the principal unit of the fleet.

Sailing ship tactics
Sailing ship tactics were the naval tactics employed by sailing ships in contrast to oared vessel tactics. This article focuses on the Age of Sail, a period from c. 1500 to the mid-19th century, after which sailing warships were replaced with steam-powered ironclads.
ASC Jeanne d'Arc
Association Sportive et Culturelle Jeanne d'Arc or ASC Jeanne d'Arc for short is a Senegalese football club based in Dakar. It was founded in 1923 and one of the oldest in the country. They play at the Stade Léopold Sédar Senghor. The club currently plays in National 1. Since 1975, the club is second with the most championship titles numbering ten, one less than ASC Diaraf. The total honors that Jeanne d'Arc has won is 25, second after Djaraf.

ASC Jaraaf
Association Sportive et Culturelle Jaraaf is a Senegalese professional football club based in Dakar. They play in the top division in Senegalese football. Their home stadium is Stade de Diaraf.

ASC Jaraaf is the most popular club in Senegal. The club also has the most competitive honours won in Senegal, totaling to 28.
SM UC-55
SM UC-55 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 12 January 1916, laid down on 25 February 1916, and was launched on 2 August 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 15 November 1916 as SM UC-55.

Type UC II submarine
The Type UC II submarine was a class of coastal minelaying U-boats designed and built for the Imperial German Navy during World War I. They were a significant improvement over the preceding Type UC I in armament, range and seaking abilities. Construction began in 1915 and by mid-1917 64 Type UC II had been delivered by five shipyards in ten different batches, which had variations in dimensions and performance. By the end of the war, 46 Type UC II were lost. The Type UC II was a very successful design combining torpedo, deck gun and mine armament with a sufficient performance and range to operate around Great Britain. A succeeding Type UC III was ordered and built in large numbers but came too late to see service in World War I.
Jehol Biota
The Jehol Biota includes all the living organisms – the ecosystem – of northeastern China between 133 and 120 million years ago. This is the Lower Cretaceous ecosystem which left fossils in the Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation. These deposits are composed of layers of tephra and sediment. It is also believed to have left fossils in the Sinuiju series of North Korea. The ecosystem in the Lower Cretaceous was dominated by wetlands and numerous lakes (not rivers, deltas, or marine habitats). Rainfall was seasonal, alternating between semiarid and mesic conditions. The climate was temperate. The Jehol ecosystem was interrupted periodically by ash eruptions from volcanoes to the west. The word "Jehol" is a historical transcription of the former Rehe Province.

Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ; previoiusly transliterated as Chiufotang Formation) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.
Mochi
Mochi (/ˈmoʊtʃiː/ MOH-chee; Japanese もち, 餅 [motɕi] ⓘ) is a Japanese rice cake made of mochigome (もち米), a short-grain japonica glutinous rice, and sometimes other ingredients such as water, sugar, and cornstarch. The steamed rice is pounded into paste and molded into the desired shape. In Japan, it is traditionally made in a ceremony called mochitsuki (餅搗き). While eaten year-round, mochi is a traditional food for the Japanese New Year, and is commonly sold and eaten during that time.

Mochi is made up of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, and water. Mochi has a varied structure of amylopectin gel, starch grains, and air bubbles. In terms of starch content, the rice used for mochi is very low in amylose and has a high amylopectin level, producing a gel-like consistency. The protein content of the japonica rice used to make mochi is higher than that of standard short-grain rice.

Mochi is similar to dango, which is made with rice flour instead of pounded rice grains.

Rice flour
Rice flour (also rice powder) is a form of flour made from finely milled rice. It is distinct from rice starch, which is usually produced by steeping rice in lye. Rice flour is a common substitute for wheat flour. It is also used as a thickening agent in recipes that are refrigerated or frozen since it inhibits liquid separation.

Rice flour may be made from either white rice, brown rice or glutinous rice. To make the flour, the husk of rice or paddy is removed and raw rice is obtained, which is then ground to flour.
Trine 4: The Nightmare Prince
Trine 4: The Nightmare Prince is a 2019 video game developed by Frozenbyte and published by Modus Games for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in October 2019 and released for Stadia in March 2021. It is the fourth installment of Trine series, following Trine 3: The Artifacts of Power, and features a return of the series' three protagonists and medieval fantasy location.

A successor, Trine 5: A Clockwork Conspiracy, was released in 2023.

Trine 3: The Artifacts of Power
Trine 3: The Artifacts of Power is a 2015 action-adventure puzzle-platform video game developed by Frozenbyte, released on August 20, 2015 for Microsoft Windows. It was made available on Linux, OS X and PlayStation 4 later in 2015. It is the sequel to Trine 2 and features a return of the series' three protagonists and medieval fantasy location. The game is the first in the series to feature fully 3D gameplay. A port to the Nintendo Switch was released in 2019.

A sequel, Trine 4: The Nightmare Prince, was released in 2019 to critical acclaim.
Mark Schultz (wrestler)
Mark Philip Schultz (born October 26, 1960) is an Olympic Champion American freestyle wrestler. Schultz was a 3-time NCAA champion, Olympic champion and 2-time World champion. In 1995, Schultz was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member. He is also in the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame, the California Wrestling Hall of Fame, and the San Mateo Peninsula Sports Hall of Fame.

He and his older brother, wrestler Dave Schultz, both won gold medals in wrestling in the same Olympics (1984). They are the only American brothers to win both World and Olympic gold, and have won more NCAA, U.S. Open, World, and Olympic titles than any other American brother combination in history.

He ended his career in the UFC IX under NHB (no-holds-barred) rules vs UFC VIII runner-up Gary "Big Daddy" Goodridge. His life story is in the book "Foxcatcher" a NY Times best seller & Amazon's "Editor's Pick".

Dave Schultz (amateur wrestler)
David Lesley Schultz (June 6, 1959 – January 26, 1996) was an American Olympic and World champion freestyle wrestler, and a seven-time World and Olympic medalist. He coached individuals and teams at the college level and also privately.

Dave and his brother, wrestler Mark Schultz, both won gold at the same Olympics (1984). The Schultzes were one of three sets of brothers (the others are Buvaisar and Adam Saitiev, and Anatoli and Sergei Beloglazov) to win both World and Olympic championships. The Schultz brothers have won more NCAA, World, and Olympic titles than any other American brother combination in history.

Schultz was employed as a coach by John du Pont, a multimillionaire philanthropist who sponsored the private Foxcatcher wrestling team at an amateur sports center known as Foxcatcher Farm that he set up on his estate in Pennsylvania. In January 1996, Schultz was murdered by du Pont, who was convicted of third-degree murder and sentenced to thirteen to thirty years in prison.
Abe no Munetō
Abe no Munetō (安倍 宗任; 1032 – March 18, 1108) was a samurai of the Abe clan during the Heian period of Japan. He was the son of Abe no Yoritoki, the head of the Abe clan of Emishi who were allowed to rule the six Emishi districts in the Kitakami Basin from Morioka to Hiraizumi in what is now Iwate Prefecture. Abe no Yoritoki was the Chinjufu-shōgun (general in charge of overseeing the Ainu and the defense of the north). In the Zenkunen War, he fought, together with his brother Sadato, alongside his father against the Minamoto.

Abe no Munetō was based at the Isawa Stockade. He occupied the fort called the Tonomi Palisade (鳥海冊, tonomi-saku) that was established on the north side of the Isawa at an uncertain date. In 1061, during the Zenkunen War, Abe no Munetō defeated the Minamoto forces in the Battle of Tonomi Palisade.

Abe no Yoritoki
Abe no Yoritoki (安倍頼時) (died 28 August 1057) was the head of the Abe clan of Emishi who were allowed to rule the six Emishi districts (Iwate, Hienuki, Shiwa, Isawa, Esashi and Waga) in the Kitakami Basin from Morioka to Hiraizumi in what is now Iwate Prefecture.
Maṇḍana Miśra
Mandana Mishra (Sanskrit: मण्डन मिश्र, romanized: Maṇḍana Miśra; c. 9th century CE) was a Hindu philosopher who wrote on the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita systems of thought. He was a follower of the Karma Mimamsa school of philosophy and a staunch defender of the holistic sphota doctrine of language. He was a contemporary of Adi Shankara, and while it is said that he became a disciple of Adi Sankara, he seems to have been the most authoritative Advaitin until the 10th century CE. He is often identified with Sureśvara, though the authenticity of this is doubtful. Still, the official Sringeri documents recognises Mandana Mishra as Sureśvara.

Sureśvara
Sureśvara (also known as Sureśvarācārya, was a 9th-century Indian philosopher, who studied under Śankara.  Śankara is said to have entrusted to Sureśvara his first monastic institution, the Sringeri Sharada Peetham. Sureśvara is believed to have founded the Naduvil Matham in Thrissur. His Maha Samadhi is located near the Sharada temple of Sringeri Mutt in Sringeri Karnataka.
North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics
North Korea competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Pair skaters Ryom Tae-ok and Kim Ju-sik qualified for the Games, but the North Korean National Olympic Committee failed to enter them by the 30 October 2017 deadline. On 9 January 2018, North Korea agreed in negotiations with South Korea to send both athletes and a delegation to the Winter Olympics.

PyeongChang 2018 marked the first time the North Korean Olympic team competed in South Korea as North Korea did not attend the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul due to the North Korean boycott.

The teams representing North Korea and South Korea entered the Opening Ceremony marching under the Korean Unification Flag, while in women's ice hockey there was a single united Korean team.

Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics
A unified team of South Korea and North Korea competed under the title "Korea" at the 2018 Winter Olympics in ice hockey.

At the 2018 Winter Olympics, the delegations from both the host nation South Korea and North Korea marched together in the opening ceremony under the Korean Unification Flag.
Calico Mills
The Calico Mills, officially Ahmedabad Manufacturing and Calico Printing Mills Ltd and M/S ILAC Ltd, was one of the earliest textile mills established in Ahmedabad, India, by the Sarabhai family. Established in 1888, it closed in 1998. The land, plant and machinery were sold in a public auction in 2010s.

Ahmedabad textile industry
Ahmedabad has been a major center for textile production in India since the mid-19th century. The Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company was founded on 30 May 1861 by Ranchhodlal Chhotalal, marking the city's first cotton mill.

In the early 20th century, mills such as Calico (1888), Bagicha, and Arvind were established. By 1905, approximately 33 textile mills were operational in the city.