hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convicts on the West Coast of Tasmania
The West Coast of Tasmania has a significant convict heritage. The use of the west coast as an outpost to house convicts in isolated penal settlements occurred in the eras 1822–33, and 1846–47.

The main locations were Sarah Island (known by many in the late twentieth century as Settlement Island) and Grummet Island in Macquarie Harbour. The entrance to Macquarie Harbour was known as Hells Gates and the play on this name has travelled from its naming in the 1830s to Paul Collins's book published in 2002.

Convict parties used the land around the harbour as a work area as far as Gordon River. The prison's existence was for only 15 years, but its hold on the imagination has spawned a significant literature.

Macquarie Harbour Penal Station
The Macquarie Harbour Penal Station, a former British colonial penal settlement, established on Sarah Island, Macquarie Harbour, in the former Penal colony  of Van Diemen's Land, now Tasmania, operated between 1822 and 1833. The settlement housed male convicts, with a small number of women housed on a nearby island. During its 11 years of operation, the penal colony achieved a reputation as one of the harshest penal settlements in the Australian colonies. The former penal station is located on the eight-hectare (twenty-acre) Sarah Island that now operates as a historic site under the direction of the Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service.
Healthgrades
Healthgrades Marketplace, LLC, known as Healthgrades, is a US company that provides information about physicians, hospitals, and healthcare providers. Healthgrades is part of RVO Health, a partnership between Red Ventures and Optum, part of UnitedHealth Group. Healthgrades has amassed information on over three million U.S. health care providers. The company was founded by Kerry Hicks, David Hicks, Peter Fatianow, John Neal, and Sarah Lochran, and is based in Denver, Colorado. Jeff Hallock serves as RVO Health's CEO. According to USA Today, Healthgrades is the first comprehensive physician rating and comparison database. The application is part of a trend in health technology in the United States towards consumer-driven healthcare.

Red Ventures
Red Ventures is an American media company that owns and operates brands such as Lonely Planet, The Points Guy, Healthline, and Bankrate. Red Ventures focuses on news, advice, and review websites. The company's corporate headquarters is located in Indian Land, South Carolina, a suburb of Charlotte, North Carolina.
Helland (fiddle makers)
The Helland family from Bø in Telemark is a Norwegian dynasty of Hardanger fiddle-makers who made the most significant and important contribution to the development of the Norwegian Hardanger fiddle tradition. The celebrated Norwegian fiddler Ole Bull played on Helland fiddles.

During nearly 200 years and four generations the family counted 14 fiddle makers, many of them among the most important in the fiddle-maker tradition in Norway. It may well be the largest fiddle maker family in history.

Eilev Jonsson Steintjønndalen
Eilev Jonsson Steintjønndalen (c. 1821–1876) was a Norwegian Hardanger fiddle maker from Bø in Telemark, Norway.

Eilev Jonsson Steintjønndalen was the younger brother of Erik Jonsson Helland. He learned the art of fiddle making from his father as well as from his elder brother. In 1845, he married Egelev Knudsdatter (1819-1883) and moved to Steintjønndalen, a cotter's sub-farm on the Nordigard Folkestad farm a few miles away from the rest of his family. He took the name of the farm, started his own workshop and made fiddles until his death in 1876.
MS Marella Spirit
MS Marella Spirit was a cruise ship owned by Holland America Line and operated under charter by the United Kingdom-based Marella Cruises. She was built in 1983 at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in France for Holland America Line as MS Nieuw Amsterdam. Between 2000 and 2001 she sailed for United States Lines, a subsidiary of American Classic Voyages, as MS Patriot. In 2002 she returned under Holland America Line ownership and reverted to the name Nieuw Amsterdam, but was not used in active service. During the same year she was chartered to Louis Cruise Lines, who in turn sub-chartered the ship to Thomson Cruises, with whom she entered service under MS Thomson Spirit in 2003.

MS Thomson Celebration
MS Thomson Celebration was a cruise ship owned by TUI UK, and last operated by their United Kingdom-based Marella Cruises. She was built in 1984 by Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire, France for Holland America Line (HAL) as MS Noordam. On 29 April 2020, Marella announced that the ship would be retired from the fleet and sold for scrap. The ship beached for scrap in Aliaga, Turkey in 2022.
OneMK
OneMK (formerly MK News) was a local weekly free newspaper and online news service, based in Milton Keynes.

MK News launched in August 2002 and was delivered to homes across the Milton Keynes urban area and to commuters at Milton Keynes Central railway station.

It re-branded itself to OneMK in early 2016 before its owners, Trinity Mirror, closed the publication in October 2016.

The paper was delivered on Wednesdays (competing with the Milton Keynes Citizen, which is distributed free on Thursdays). The newspaper claimed an audited adult readership of 130,000.

Milton Keynes Citizen
The Milton Keynes Citizen is the only freely distributed local newspaper in Milton Keynes. The newspaper is owned by National World.

The MK Citizen was founded by Bill Alder and Jerry West on 1 October 1981 and they sold to EMAP in 1987 and the purchase was completed in April 1990. EMAP sold the paper to Johnston Publishing in the 1990s. The newspaper had a circulation of 95,464 in 2000 and 97,714 in 2010.
Insurgency: Modern Infantry Combat
Insurgency: Modern Infantry Combat is a multiplayer tactical shooter total conversion mod for Valve's Source engine, developed by the Insurgency Development Team and published for Windows, macOS, and Linux on January 7, 2007. Set during the Iraq War, the game follows the conflict between the United States Marine Corps and the Iraqi insurgency.

Insurgency: Modern Infantry Combat was a major success, and in 2010 the mod's developers founded the company New World Interactive. A standalone sequel to the mod, Insurgency, was released in 2014.

New World Interactive
New World Interactive LLC (NWI) is an American video game developer founded by Andrew Spearin and Jeremy Blum in 2010. The company developed the multiplayer tactical shooter games Insurgency (2014), Day of Infamy (2017), and Insurgency: Sandstorm (2018). In 2020, New World Interactive was acquired by Saber Interactive.
Roland Böer
Roland Böer (6 December 1970) is a German conductor with a focus on opera. He has worked at leading European opera houses, including the Oper Frankfurt where he began as répétiteur in 1996, was Kapellmeister from 2002 to 2008, and has often appeared as a guest. He was artistic director of the Cantiere Internazionale d'Arte in Montepulciano from 2015 to 2020.

Cantiere Internazionale d'Arte
The Cantiere Internazionale d'Arte (International Art Workshop) is an annual international summer school and musical festival for young singers, actors, musicians, conductors and composers. It was set up in Montepulciano, Italy, in 1976 by Hans Werner Henze. Several works received their world premieres at the festival.
Porepunkah police shootings
On the morning of 26 August 2025, police officers Neal Thompson and Vadim De Waart-Hottart were killed in a shooting at a property near the regional Victorian town of Porepunkah, Australia, while attempting to execute a warrant. A third officer was injured. The alleged shooter, Dezi Bird Freeman, a self-proclaimed sovereign citizen known to police, fled into the dense bushland of Mount Buffalo National Park.

A manhunt involving hundreds of police officers ensued, with Victoria Police supported by interstate police forces, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation and the Australian Defence Force. Freeman has been on the run for 185 days, with no confirmed sightings since the shootings.

The number of officers involved in the manhunt was unprecedented in Australian history and there is a A$1 million reward for information leading to his arrest, which is the largest reward ever offered in Victorian history.

Porepunkah
Porepunkah is a town in northeast Victoria, Australia on the Great Alpine Road, at the foot of Mount Buffalo 310 kilometres (193 mi) northeast of the state capital, Melbourne and 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Bright. It is part of Alpine Shire local government area and is on the banks of the Ovens River, near the Buckland River junction. At the 2021 census, Porepunkah had a population of 1,024.

The name is from the former Portpunka pastoral run.
Cieszyn County
Cieszyn County (Polish: powiat cieszyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

The county's administrative seat and largest town is Cieszyn, which lies on the Czech border 62 kilometres (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice. The county also contains four other towns: Ustroń, 14 km (9 mi) east of Cieszyn, Skoczów, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Cieszyn, Wisła, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Cieszyn, and Strumień, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Cieszyn.

The county covers an area of 730.2 square kilometres (281.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 178,145, out of which the population of Cieszyn is 34,513, that of Ustroń is 16,073, that of Skoczów is 14,385, that of Wisła is 11,132, that of Strumień is 3,718, and the rural population is 98,324.

Bielsko County
Bielsko County (Polish: powiat bielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Bielsko-Biała, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Czechowice-Dziedzice, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Bielsko-Biała, Szczyrk, 14 km (9 mi) south of Bielsko-Biała, and Wilamowice, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Bielsko-Biała.

The county covers an area of 457.23 square kilometres (176.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 165,374, out of which the population of Czechowice-Dziedzice is 35,926, that of Szczyrk is 5,734, that of Wilamowice is 3,100, and the rural population is 120,614.
Seth Goldman (businessman)
Seth Goldman (born 1965) is an American businessman. He is the former CEO of Honest Tea which he co-founded in 1998 with his former business professor, Barry Nalebuff. Goldman is the executive chairman of Beyond Meat, a plant-based protein company based in El Segundo, California.

Honest Tea
Honest Tea (U.S.) was a bottled organic tea company based in Bethesda, Maryland.  It was founded in 1998 by Seth Goldman and Barry Nalebuff, and ultimately sold to become a wholly owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company. The tea brand ceased production on December 31, 2022.
Mohammad Yaqub Khan
Mohammad Yaqub Khan Barakzai (1849 – 15 November 1923) was Emir of Afghanistan from 21 February to 12 October 1879. He was a Pashtun and the son of the previous ruler, Sher Ali Khan.

Mohammad Yaqub Khan was appointed as the governor of Herat province in 1863. In 1870, he decided to rebel against his father but failed and was imprisoned in 1874.

The Second Anglo-Afghan War erupted in 1878, leading Sher Ali Khan to flee the capital of Afghanistan, and eventually die in February 1879 in the north of the country. As Sher Ali's successor, Yaqub signed the Treaty of Gandamak with Britain in May 1879, relinquishing sole control of Afghanistan foreign affairs to the British Empire. An uprising against this agreement led by Ayub Khan in October of the same year, led to the abdication of Yaqub Khan. He was succeeded by the new ruler, Amir Ayub Khan.

Sher Ali Khan
Sher Ali Khan Barakzai (c. 1825 – 21 February 1879) was Emir of Afghanistan after the death of his father Dost Mohammad Khan on 9 June 1863, until his overthrow during the Battle of Sheikhabad on 10 May 1866, and again from 8 September 1868 until his death on 21 February 1879. He was one of the sons of Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Barakzai dynasty in Afghanistan.
Ford D series
The Ford D series is a range of middle-weight trucks that were introduced by Ford UK in 1965. It replaced the Thames Trader and appears to have been envisaged as a more modern competitor to the Bedford TK produced by General Motors' UK truck subsidiary.

Bedford TK
The Bedford TK was a truck manufactured by Bedford. Launched in 1960 to replace the Bedford S type, the TK was scheduled to be replaced by the Bedford TL in 1981, but manufacturing of the TK continued as a cheaper alternative. A military 4x4 version, the Bedford MK (later MJ), was also produced. After Bedford's Dunstable factory was sold in 1987 to AWD, the TK restarted production for military only use until 1992 when AWD was placed in receivership.
Gamaliel
Gamaliel the Elder (/ɡəˈmeɪliəl, -ˈmɑː-, ˌɡæməˈliːəl/; also spelled Gamliel; Hebrew: רַבַּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן Rabban Gamliʾēl haz-Zāqēn; Koine Greek: Γαμαλιὴλ ὁ Πρεσβύτερος Gamaliēl ho Presbýteros), or Rabban Gamaliel I, was a leading authority in the Sanhedrin in the early first century CE. He was the son of Simeon ben Hillel and grandson of the great Jewish teacher Hillel the Elder. He fathered Simeon ben Gamliel, who was named for Gamaliel's father, and a daughter, who married a priest named Simon ben Nathanael.

In the Christian tradition, Gamaliel is recognized as a Pharisaic doctor of Jewish Law. Gamaliel was named as a member of the Sanhedrin in Acts 5 and the teacher of Paul the Apostle in Acts 22:3. Gamaliel encouraged his fellow Pharisees to show leniency to the apostles of Jesus in Acts 5:34.

Simeon ben Hillel
Shimon or Simeon ben Hillel was the son of Hillel the Elder. Little is known about him. When Hillel died, Shimon may have taken over his place as the Nasi of the Sanhedrin, as is implied by a passage in the Talmud.

Simeon was the father of Gamaliel I, and grandfather of Simeon ben Gamaliel, who may have been his namesake.

Some Christian writers identify him with the Simeon who blessed the infant Jesus.
Sonny Kahn
Sonny Kahn (Hebrew: סוני קאהן) is an American businessman. He is the co-founder and chairman of Crescent Heights, a real estate development company based in Miami Beach, Florida.

Kahn was raised in a Jewish family in Israel; in 1972, he emigrated to Los Angeles. He worked at various jobs including as a taxi driver and mechanic before getting into real estate development. In 1989, he co-founded the real estate development company, Crescent Heights with Russell W. Galbut and Bruce Menin which focused on converting apartments to condominiums. He is a billionaire. He is married to Suzanne Passi Kahn.

Bruce Menin
Bruce A. Menin (born c. 1962) is an American real estate developer and co-founder of Crescent Heights, a privately held real estate firm based in Miami, Florida. As a managing principal, he has overseen large-scale residential and mixed-use projects in U.S. cities including Miami, New York, Chicago, San Francisco and Los Angeles.
Tenugui
A tenugui (手拭い) is a traditional Japanese decorative towel made from a thin and light cotton. It dates back to the Heian period or earlier. By the Edo period, tenugui became what they are today; about 35 by 90 centimetres (14 by 35 in) in size, plain woven, and almost always dyed with plain color or some pattern. The long sides are finished with a selvage, while the short sides are left unfinished to allow fraying.

Tenugui are traditionally used, tied in a specific manner, as a sling to wrap and carry bento boxes. Similarly, they're used to wrap items such as bottles. They are also used as hand towels, and often as headbands, such as for Kendo. And they are widely used simply as souvenirs or decorations. Although tenugui were once used as dishcloths, today Western-style thick or terry cloth dishcloths have generally replaced tenugui for dishcloth use.

Kendo
Kendo (Japanese: 剣道, Hepburn: Kendō; lit. 'sword way'  or 'sword path'  or 'way of the sword') is a modern Japanese martial art, descended from kenjutsu (one of the old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu). It began as samurai warriors' customary swordsmanship exercises, and today, it is widely practiced within Japan and has spread to many other nations across the world.
Tyler Childers
Timothy Tyler Childers (/tʃɪldərz/ CHILL-dərz; born June 21, 1991) is an American country singer-songwriter. His music has been described as a mix of neotraditional country, bluegrass, folk, and honky-tonk. His breakthrough studio album, Purgatory (2017), was named one of the best albums of the year by several publications, and earned Childers an Americana Music Award. He subsequently received Grammy Award nominations for his albums Long Violent History (2020) and Rustin' in the Rain (2023) and the singles "All Your'n" (2019) and "In Your Love" (2023), the latter of which was his first top 10 hit on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart.

Rustin' in the Rain
Rustin' in the Rain is the sixth album by American singer Tyler Childers. It was released on September 8, 2023, through Childers' own independent label Hickman Holler Records and major label RCA. Produced by Childers and his backing band the Food Stamps, the album includes the single "In Your Love".
Hélène (album)
Hélène is a 1989 album by Canadian singer Roch Voisine. The title track "Hélène" is his best selling international single, reaching number one for nine weeks on the French Singles Chart. Other successful singles from the album include "Pourtant" (#3) and "Avant de partir" (#7), released in 1990 summer.

Two songs were both written and composed by the singer himself. Marc Voisine, his brother, participated in the writing of the last track. The recording and mixing were made at the Victor studio, except for the song "Hélène" (at Intercession studio).

The album debuted at #14 on 3 December 1989 on the SNEP Albums Chart and had a peak at number one for two weeks almost eleven months after. It totaled 40 weeks in the top ten and 113 weeks in the top 50. In 1991, the album achieved Diamond status for over one million copies sold. In Norway, the album entered the albums chart in February 1990 and stayed for six weeks in the top 20, with a peak at number nine.

Pourtant
"Pourtant" is a 1989 pop-ballad song recorded by Canadian singer Roch Voisine. It was released in March 1990 as the second single from his first studio album Hélène, on which it appears as the third track. It became a top three hit in France.
Lightning Bolt (band)
Lightning Bolt is an American noise rock duo from Providence, Rhode Island, composed of Brian Chippendale on drums and vocals and Brian Gibson on bass guitar. The band met and formed in 1994 as students of the Rhode Island School of Design. Lightning Bolt were listed 8th in Metacritic's Artists of the Decade 2000–09.

Lightning Bolt are known for their guerrilla-style live performances, where they typically play on the ground rather than a stage, with the crowd gathered around them. The band's sound is typically loud and aggressive, though the group cites composers Philip Glass and Sun Ra as compositional influences.

Lightning Bolt (Lightning Bolt album)
Lightning Bolt is the debut album by noise rock band Lightning Bolt. Originally, five of the tracks on the album were recorded in the studio, however, with the exception of one track, the band discarded these and instead put low fidelity live versions of the songs on the record. A 50-minute "companion cassette" entitled Zone was available for three dollars via direct mail order when the record was originally released. This material appears in the form of two bonus tracks included on the CD release.

The original vinyl issue was limited to 750 copies and had the artwork that is represented on this page. The more common CD reissue contained slightly different artwork.
Standedge
Standedge  (/stænɪdʒ/) is a moorland escarpment in the Pennine Hills of northern England between Marsden, West Yorkshire and Diggle, Greater Manchester. Standedge has been a major moorland crossing point since Roman times and possibly earlier.

From east to west, Standedge is crossed by five generations of road crossing, the earliest a Roman road from York to Chester and the latest the A62 road. The Huddersfield Narrow Canal and the railway line from Leeds to Manchester pass underground in the Standedge Tunnels. The Pennine Way long-distance footpath passes through Standedge in a north–south direction along the Pennines.

Much of Standedge is in the National Trust's Marsden Moor Estate. Administratively, Standedge is split between Kirklees and Oldham.

Pennine Way
The Pennine Way is a National Trail in England, with a small section in Scotland. The trail stretches for 268 miles (431 km) from Edale, in the northern Derbyshire Peak District, north through the Yorkshire Dales and Northumberland National Park and ends at Kirk Yetholm, just inside the Scottish border. The path runs along the Pennine hills, sometimes described as the "backbone of England". Although not the United Kingdom's longest National Trail, it is, according to The Ramblers, "one of Britain's best known and toughest".
Classic Blue
Classic Blue is the fourth solo studio album by The Moody Blues member Justin Hayward.  Classic Blue was released in 1989 by Trax Music (later re-released on Castle Music Records in 1994), and features Mike Batt, who also produced the album, and the London Philharmonic Orchestra.  The album includes cover versions of many hit songs, such as The Beatles' "Blackbird", and Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven."  It also includes a re-recorded version of "Forever Autumn," a song from Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, in which Hayward originally sang lead vocals.

Mike Batt
Michael Philip Batt (born 6 February 1949) is an English singer-songwriter, musician, arranger, record producer, director, and conductor. He served as the Deputy Chairman of the British Phonographic Industry.

Batt created the novelty pop band The Wombles, after recording the theme song for the animated BBC series of the same name. He also composed the song "Bright Eyes" for the 1978 animated film Watership Down. Batt promoted the early career of singer Katie Melua after signing her to his label, Dramatico. He wrote, arranged and produced her debut album Call Off the Search and her following two albums.

Batt has conducted the London Symphony, Royal Philharmonic, London Philharmonic, Sydney Symphony and Stuttgart Philharmonic.
Hemicellulose
A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls. Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis. Hemicelluloses are branched, shorter in length than cellulose, and also show a propensity to crystallize.  They can be hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as a myriad of hemicellulase enzymes.

Mixed-linkage glucan
Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG), sometimes incorrectly referred to as beta-glucan, is a hemicellulosic polysaccharide consisting of β-D(1-3) and β-D(1-4) linked glucosyl residues. MLG is highly prevalent within the Poales, where it has important properties in the diet. In addition, although thought to be confined to the Poales, MLG has been found to be highly prevalent in plants of the distantly related genus Equisetum.