hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sultanate of Serdang
3°34′03″N 98°57′23″E﻿ / ﻿3.5674287°N 98.956266°E﻿ / 3.5674287; 98.956266

The Sultanate of Serdang (ﻛﺴﻠطﺎﻧﻦ سردڠ) was an early modern Malay monarchy in Serdang. It was founded in 1723 and joined the Republic of Indonesia in 1946. The Sultanate separated from the Sultanate of Deli after a dispute over the royal throne in 1720. Like other kingdoms on the east coast of Sumatra, Serdang prospered due to the opening of tobacco, rubber and oil palm plantations.

Sultanate of Deli
The Sultanate of Deli (Indonesian: Kesultanan Deli Darul Maimoon; Jawi: كسلطانن دلي دارالميمون‎) was a 1,820 km2 state in east Sumatra founded in 1632 when a commander of the Aceh Sultanate, Gocah Pahlawan, conquered the area during the reign of Iskandar Muda. A tributary kingdom from 1630 it was controlled by various sultanates until 1814, when it became independent and broke away from the Sultanate of Siak.

Dutch intervention in the mid-19th century resulted in a 1862 contract with the Dutch East Indies, which helped to recognise Deli's formal independence from Aceh and Siak. After Indonesian independence, the sultanate ceased to hold formal political authority. However, the sultanate remains a lasting symbol of the history of Medan.
Lemon stick
Lemon sticks are a type of stick candy. They are similar to candy canes and peppermint sticks except lemon oil and acids are used for the flavoring. The coloring is typically a transuclent yellow body and white stripe. They are not the same as a lemon peppermint stick, otherwise known as a Baltimore lemon stick.

Since 1942, Giambri's is one of the candy makers that produces them.

Stick candy
Stick candy (also called candy stick, barber pole candy, circus stick, or barber pole) is a long, cylindrical variety of hard candy, usually four to seven inches in length and 1/4 to 1/2 inch in diameter, but in some extraordinary cases up to 14 inches in length and two inches in diameter. Like candy canes, they usually have at least two different colors (either opaque or translucent) swirled together in a spiral pattern, resembling a barber's pole.

The candy has a long history in the United States, where it is believed to have been developed, and is often marketed as an "old fashioned" candy. It is often sold in general stores and similar shops specializing in nostalgia items. The Cracker Barrel chain estimates that its stores sell a total length of 940 miles (1,510 km) of stick candy each year.
Image of the Virgin Mary Mother of God of Guadalupe
Image of the Virgin Mary Mother of God of Guadalupe (Spanish: Imagen de la Virgen María, madre de Dios de Guadalupe) published in 1648, was the first written account of the story of Our Lady of Guadalupe. It retells the events of the 1531 apparitions that led to the Marian veneration in Mexico City, New Spain. It was drafted by the secular priest Miguel Sánchez and dedicated to Bishop Pedro de Barrientos Lomelin, based on the prophecy of the Woman of the Apocalypse in Revelation 12.

Our Lady of Guadalupe
Our Lady of Guadalupe (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe (Spanish: Virgen de Guadalupe) and as La Virgen Morena, is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with four Marian apparitions to Juan Diego and one to his uncle, Juan Bernardino reported in December 1531, when the Mexican territories were part of the Spanish Empire.

A venerated image on a cloak (tilmahtli) associated with the apparition is enshrined in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City.

Pope Leo XIII granted a decree of canonical coronation for the image on 8 February 1887. The rite of coronation was executed by the former Archbishop of Mexico, Próspero Alarcón y Sánchez de la Barquera on 12 October 1895. Pope Paul VI raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his Pontifical decree titled Sacra illa Ædes on 6 October 1976. It is the most-visited Catholic shrine in the world, and the world's third most-visited sacred site.
Association of Teachers and Lecturers
The Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) was a trade union, teachers' union and professional association, affiliated to the Trades Union Congress, in the United Kingdom representing educators from nursery and primary education to further education. In March 2017, ATL members endorsed a proposed merger with the National Union of Teachers to form a new union known as the National Education Union, which came into existence on 1 September 2017. At that time, approximately 120,000 individuals belonged to the union (apart from those professions included in the name, education support staff and teaching assistants were also members), making it the third largest teaching and education union in the UK. ATL had members throughout England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, and British Service schools overseas.

The ATL brand continues as a section or subsidiary of the National Education Union.

National Union of Teachers
The National Union of Teachers (NUT; /ˈnʌt/) was a trade union for school teachers in England, Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.  It was a member of the Trades Union Congress.  In March 2017, NUT members endorsed a proposed merger with the Association of Teachers and Lecturers to form a new union known as the National Education Union, which came into existence on 1 September 2017.  The union recruited only qualified teachers and those training to be qualified teachers into membership and on dissolution had almost 400,000 members, making it the largest teachers' union in the United Kingdom.
Elmshorn Fighting Pirates
The Elmshorn Fighting Pirates are an American football team from Elmshorn, Germany.

The club's greatest achievement is winning the championship in the GFL2 North in 2019 and - after winning the promotion/relegation round against the Düsseldorf Panther qualifying for the 2020 season in the top tier German Football League. However, as the 2020 season was never played due to COVID-19, and with competition from a Hamburg based team in the upstart European League of Football (ELF) worsening the doubtful financial situation, the Fighting Pirates ultimately withdrew from the GFL without ever having played a single match in their "theoretical" year of league membership. Unlike the Hildesheim Invaders and the Ingolstadt Dukes who took similar decisions after failing to move their teams to the upstart European League of Football and went on to play in their respective (third tier) Regionalliga, the Fighting Pirates ultimately played only in the sixth tier Landesliga West

Düsseldorf Panther
The Düsseldorf Panther are an American football team from Düsseldorf, Germany. The club is the oldest extant American football club in Europe, having been formed on 1 May 1978.

The Panthers are one of the most successful American football clubs in Germany, having won six German Bowls as well as becoming the first-ever German team to win the Eurobowl in 1995. Having won its 18th Junior Bowl in 2024, the club has the most successful youth department in the sport in Germany.
Randall Dougherty
Randall Dougherty (born 1961) is an American mathematician. Dougherty has made contributions in widely varying areas of mathematics, including set theory, 
logic, real analysis, discrete mathematics, computational geometry, information theory, and coding theory.

Dougherty is a three-time winner of the U.S.A. Mathematical Olympiad (1976, 1977, 1978) and a three-time medalist in the International Mathematical Olympiad. He is also a three-time Putnam Fellow (1978, 1979, 1980).  Dougherty earned his Ph.D. in 1985 at University of California, Berkeley under the direction of Jack Silver.

With Matthew Foreman he showed that the Banach-Tarski decomposition is possible with pieces with the Baire property, solving a problem of Marczewski that remained unsolved for more than 60 years.
With Chris Freiling and Ken Zeger, he showed that linear codes are insufficient to gain the full advantages of network coding.

Chris Freiling
Christopher Francis Freiling is a mathematician responsible for Freiling's axiom of symmetry in set theory. He has also made significant contributions to coding theory, in the process establishing connections between that field and matroid theory.

Freiling obtained his Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of California, Los Angeles under the supervision of Donald A. Martin. He is a member of the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at California State University, San Bernardino.
Olimpia Maidalchini
Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphilj, Princess of San Martino (26 May 1591 – 27 September 1657), (also spelled Pamphili and known as Olimpia Pamphili), was the sister-in-law of Pope Innocent X (Pamphili). She was perceived by her contemporaries as having influence regarding papal appointments.

She is not to be confused with her daughter-in-law Olimpia Aldobrandini, who married her son Camillo.

Pamphili family
The House of Pamphili (often with the final long i orthography, Pamphilj) was one of the papal families deeply entrenched in Catholic Church, Roman and Italian politics of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Later, the Pamphili family line merged with the Doria and Landi family lines to form the Doria-Pamphili-Landi family line.
Aleksandr I. Kuprin
Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin (Russian: Александр Иванович Куприн; 7 September [O.S. 26 August] 1870 – 25 August 1938) was a Russian writer best known for his novels The Duel (1905) and Yama: The Pit (1915), as well as  Moloch (1896), Olesya (1898), "Captain Ribnikov" (1906), "Emerald" (1907), and The Garnet Bracelet (1911) – the latter made into a 1965 movie.

Captain Ribnikov
"Staff Captain Rybnikov" (Shtabs-Kapitan Rybnikov, Штабс-капитан Рыбников) is a short story by Alexander Kuprin first published in Mir Bozhy's January 1906 issue. It was published in English in 1916 as "Captain Ribnikov", in anthology The River of Life And Other Stories. D. S. Mirsky considered it one of Kuprin's best short stories.
Rupperswil–Immensee railway line
The Rupperswil–Immensee railway line is a railway line in the cantons of Aargau and Zug, in Switzerland. It runs 48.7 kilometres (30.3 mi) from Rupperswil to Immensee. The line runs north–south and interchanges with several other lines, including the Baden–Aarau, Heitersberg, Zofingen–Wettingen, Seetal, Brugg–Hendschiken, Bremgarten–Dietikon, Zug–Lucerne, and finally the Lucerne–Immensee and Gotthard at Immensee. The Aargau Southern Railway opened the line in stages between 1874 and 1882 and it has belonged to Swiss Federal Railways since 1902.

Zug–Lucerne railway
The Zug–Luzern railway is a mainline railway line in Switzerland, connecting the cities of Zug and Lucerne. It was opened on 1 June 1864 by the Zürich–Zug–Lucerne Railway (Zürich-Zug-Luzern-Bahn). The Zürich–Zug railway was opened by the same company at the same time.
Ayoayo
Ayo (Yoruba: Ayò Ọlọ́pọ́n) is a traditional mancala played by the Yoruba people in Nigeria. It is very close to the Oware game that spread to the Americas with the atlantic slave trade. Among modern mancalas, which are most often derived from Warri, the Kalah is a notable one that has essentially the same rules as Ayo.

There are games with identical rules also in other areas of Africa. One such game is the Endodoi, played by the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania.

Oware
Oware is an abstract strategy game among the mancala family of board games (pit and pebble games) played worldwide with slight variations as to the layout of the game, number of players and strategy of play. Its origin is uncertain, but it is widely believed to be of Ashanti origin.

Played in the Bono Region, Bono East Region, Ahafo Region, Central Region, Western Region, Eastern Region, and Ashanti Region of Ghana as well as throughout the Caribbean, oware and its variants have many names - ayò, ayoayo (Yoruba), awalé (Ivory Coast, Benin), wari (Mali), ouri, ouril or uril (Cape Verde), warri (Caribbean) Pallanguzhi (South India) wali (Dagbani), adji (Ewe), nchọ/ókwè (Igbo), ise (Edo), awale (Ga) (meaning "spoons" in English). A common name in English is awari but one of the earliest Western scholars to study the game, Robert Sutherland Rattray, used the name wari.
Western Range (USSF)
The Western Range (WR) is the space launch range that supports the major launch head at Vandenberg Space Force Base.: pg 15  Managed by the Space Launch Delta 30,: pg 25  the WR extends from the West Coast of the United States to 90° east longitude in the Indian Ocean: pg 27  where it meets the Eastern Range: pg 10  Operations involve military, government, and commercial interests. The WR has been operated by civilian contractors since its establishment, following the precedent of the Eastern Range. On 1 October 2003, InDyne Inc. took over the range contract from ITT Industries which had operated the range for the previous 44 years.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
Syngonosaurus
Syngonosaurus is an extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was an iguanodontian discovered in the Cambridge Greensand of England and was first described in 1879. The type species, S. macrocercus, was described by British paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1879 and it was later synonymised with Acanthopholis, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.

Acanthopholis
Acanthopholis (/ˌækənˈθɒfoʊlɪs/; meaning "spiny scales") is a genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur in the family Nodosauridae that lived during the Late Cretaceous Period of England. A single species, A. horrida, exists.
Lark Rise
Lark Rise is a 1939 semi-autobiographical novel by the English author Flora Thompson. It was illustrated by Lynton Lamb.

In 1945, the book was republished as part of the trilogy Lark Rise to Candleford, comprising the novels Lark Rise (1939), Over to Candleford (1941), and Candleford Green (1943).

Lark Rise to Candleford
Lark Rise to Candleford  is a trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels by Flora Thompson about the countryside of north-east Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, England, at the end of the 19th century.  The stories were previously published separately as Lark Rise  in 1939, Over to Candleford in 1941 and Candleford Green in 1943. They were first published together in 1945.

The stories relate to three communities: the hamlet of Juniper Hill (Lark Rise), where Flora grew up; Buckingham (Candleford), one of the nearest towns (which include both Brackley and Bicester) and the nearby village of Fringford (Candleford Green), where Flora got her first job in the Post Office.
Creeping Death
"Creeping Death" is a song by American thrash metal band Metallica. It was released on November 23, 1984, as the lead and only commercial single from their album Ride the Lightning ("Fade to Black" and "For Whom the Bell Tolls", from the same album, were issued as promotional singles). Written from the perspective of the Angel of Death, "Creeping Death" describes the tenth plague of Egypt. It is often thought of as one of the band’s most popular songs and is currently the second-most-played song live by them.

Plagues of Egypt
In the Book of Exodus, the Plagues of Egypt (Hebrew: מכות מצרים‎) were ten disasters that Yahweh inflicted on the Egyptians to convince the Pharaoh to emancipate the enslaved Israelites, each of them confronting the Pharaoh and one of his Egyptian gods; they served as "signs and marvels" given by Yahweh in response to the Pharaoh's taunt that he did not know Yahweh: "The Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD".: 117  These Plagues are recited by Jews during the Passover Seder.

The consensus of modern scholars is that the Pentateuch does not give an accurate account of the origins of the Israelites.: 81 : 6–7  Similarly, attempts to find natural explanations for the plagues (e.g., a volcanic eruption to explain the "darkness" plague) have been dismissed by biblical scholars on the grounds that their pattern, timing, rapid succession, and above all, control by Moses mark them as supernatural.: 90 : 117–118
María la del Barrio
María la del Barrio (Lit: Maria From the Hood/English title: Humble Maria) is a 1995 Mexican television drama series broadcast by Canal de Las Estrellas. The series is based on 1979 Mexican drama series Los ricos también lloran. Directed by Beatriz Sheridan and Marta Luna, it stars Thalía, Fernando Colunga and Itatí Cantoral. It aired from August 14, 1995 to April 26, 1996, replacing Si Dios me quita la vida and was replaced by La antorcha encendida.

It is considered the last of the unofficial Trilogía de las Marías of telenovelas starring Thalía (after María Mercedes and Marimar). María la del Barrio is considered one of the world's most popular and successful shows ever, having been broadcast in over 180 countries.

María Mercedes (Mexican TV series)
María Mercedes (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a meɾˈseðes]) is a 1992 Mexican television drama series broadcast by Canal de Las Estrellas. The series is based on 1977 Mexican drama series Rina, which in turn is based on the radionovela Enamorada by Inés Rodena. Directed by Beatriz Sheridan, it stars Thalía, Arturo Peniche, Laura Zapata and Fernando Ciangherotti, it aired from September 14, 1992 to January 5, 1993, replacing De frente al sol and was replaced by Capricho.

It was the first of the "Marías" telenovela trilogy, being followed by Marimar and María la del Barrio.
Enson Inoue
Enson Shoji Inoue (Japanese: エンセン井上; born April 15, 1967) is a Japanese-Hawaiian jiu-jitsu practitioner and retired professional mixed martial artist. A professional competitor from 1995 until 2010, he fought for the PRIDE Fighting Championships, the UFC, Shooto, and Vale Tudo Japan. He was the first and only Shooto Heavyweight Champion, and was a finalist in the Lightweight category at UFC 13.

Born and raised in Hawaii, he has resided in Japan since the 1990s. He is sometimes known by the moniker "Yamatodamashii," a Japanese phrase meaning "the spirit of ancient Japan." His brother, Egan Inoue, is also a martial artist and a professional racquetball competitor.

Egan Inoue
Egan Inoue (Japanese: イーゲン井上, born June 4, 1965) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner, former mixed martial artist and racquetball competitor.  A two-time International Racquetball Federation (IRF) World Champion, Inoue is a two-time Brazilian jiu-jitsu world champion in colored belts, the first non-Brazilian to win a gold medal at the World Jiu Jitsu Championship.
The Crowd Roars (1932 film)
The Crowd Roars is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by Howard Hawks starring James Cagney and featuring Joan Blondell, Ann Dvorak, Eric Linden, Guy Kibbee, and Frank McHugh. A film of the same name was made in 1938 with a different story, starring Robert Taylor.

The driver in the film's auto racing sequences was Harry Hartz, a successful board track and Indianapolis 500 race professional. It was remade in 1939 as Indianapolis Speedway with Pat O'Brien in Cagney's role, Ann Sheridan in Blondell's role, and McHugh reprising his role.

Indianapolis Speedway (film)
Indianapolis Speedway is a 1939 American drama film directed by Lloyd Bacon and written by Sig Herzig and Wally Kline.The film stars Ann Sheridan, Pat O'Brien, John Payne, Gale Page, Frank McHugh and Grace Stafford. The film was released by Warner Bros. on August 5, 1939.

This film is a remake of The Crowd Roars, which starred James Cagney; McHugh repeats his role from the earlier film.
Tilbury
Tilbury (or Tilbury Town) is a port town on the north bank of the Thames in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. The present port was established as separate settlement near East and West Tilbury and Tilbury Fort in the late 19th century, on land that was mainly part of the parish of Chadwell St Mary. The Gravesend–Tilbury Ferry was an ancient and important crossing point. Tilbury is part of the Port of London with a major deep-water port which contributes to the local economy. It lies 24 miles (39 km) east of central London and adjoins the town of Grays. It is the southernmost point in Essex. At the 2021 census the Tilbury built up area had a population of 14,185.

Grays, Essex
Grays, historically also known as Grays Thurrock, is the largest town and administrative headquarters of the borough of Thurrock, in Essex, England. The town is located on the north bank of the River Thames, approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the east of central London, and 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the M25 motorway. Its economy is linked to Port of London industries, its own offices, retail and the Lakeside Shopping Centre at West Thurrock. At the 2021 census the Grays built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which does not include the adjoining Chafford Hundred) had a population of 44,345.

Grays Thurrock was an ancient parish. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1936 on the creation of Thurrock Urban District, which in turn became the modern borough of Thurrock in 1974. Grays Thurrock remains the name of one of Thurrock's Church of England parishes.
Warner Bros. Games
Warner Bros. Games (formerly Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment) is an American video game publisher based in Burbank, California. The publisher was founded as a division of Warner Bros. on January 14, 2004, as well as the WB Games brand. Warner Bros. Games manages the wholly owned game development studios TT Games, Rocksteady Studios, NetherRealm Studios, WB Games Boston, Avalanche Software and WB Games Montréal among others.

Avalanche Software
Avalanche Software is an American video game developer and subsidiary of Warner Bros. Games based in Salt Lake City, Utah. It was founded in October 1995 by four programmers formerly of Sculptured Software, including John Blackburn, who is chief executive officer. The studio was acquired by the games arm of The Walt Disney Company in May 2005, and spent the next ten years developing Disney-related titles, including the toys-to-life game Disney Infinity (2013). In May 2016, due to a declining toys-to-life games market, Disney decided to close the games arm, including Avalanche. Warner Bros. Games acquired the studio and re-opened it in January 2017.
Eothyris
Eothyris is a genus of extinct synapsid in the family Eothyrididae from the early Permian. It was a carnivorous  insectivorous animal, closely related to Oedaleops. Only the skull of Eothyris, first described in 1937, is known. It had a 6-centimetre-long (2.4-inch) skull, and its total estimated length was 30 centimetres (12 inches). Eothyris is one of the most primitive synapsids known and is probably very similar to the common ancestor of all synapsids in many respects. The only known specimen of Eothyris was collected from the Artinskian-lower.

Oedaleops
Oedaleops is an extinct genus of caseasaur synapsids from the Early Permian of the Southwestern United States. Fossils have been found in the Cutler Formation in New Mexico, which dates back to the Wolfcampian stage of the Early Permian. All remains belong to the single known species Oedaleops campi. Oedaleops was closely related to Eothyris, and both are part of the family Eothyrididae. Like Eothyris, it was probably an insectivore.