hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kropyvna Regiment
The Kropyvna Regiment (Ukrainian: Кропивнянський полк, romanized: Kropyvnianskyi polk) was one the territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Cossack Hetmanate. The regiment's capital was the city of Kropyvna, now a village in Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine.

In 1648, during Khmelnytsky Uprising, Irkliiv Regiment was raised, with colonel Mykhailo Teliuchenko commanding it. On 16 October 1649 Irkliiv and neighboring part of Lubny Regiment were merged to form Kropyvna Regiment. The only regimental colonel was Filon Dzhelaliy.

Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky disbanded the regiment in 1658 after death of colonel Filon Dzhelaliy. The regiments sotnias were all transferred to recreated Irkliiv Regiment and Lubny Regiment.

Irkliiv Regiment
The Irkliiv Regiment (Ukrainian: Іркліївський полк, romanized: Irkliivskyi polk) was one the territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Cossack Hetmanate. The regiment's capital was the city of Irkliiv, now a village in Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine.

In 1648, during Khmelnytsky Uprising, Regiment was raised from the Irkliiv sotnia of the Pereiaslav Regiment. Colonel Mykhailo Teliuchenko became the first commander. On 16 October 1649 Irkliiv and neighboring part of Lubny Regiment were merged to form Kropyvna Regiment. Other sotnias were absorbed into Chyhyryn Regiment and Cherkasy Regiment.

Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky disbanded Kropyvna Regiment in 1658 after death of colonel Filon Dzhelaliy. The regiments sotnias were all transferred to recreated Irkliiv Regiment and Lubny Regiment. Matvii Pankevych became the new regiments colonel. When the regiment was disbanded again in 1663, its sotnias went to neighbouring Pereiaslav Regiment, Pryluky Regiment and Lubny Regiment.
Enos (biblical figure)
Enos or Enosh (Hebrew: אֱנוֹשׁ ʾĔnōš; "mortal man"; Arabic: أَنُوش/يَانِش, romanized: Yāniš/’Anūš; Greek: Ἐνώς Enṓs; Ge'ez: ሄኖስ Henos) is a figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible. He is described as the first son of Seth who figures in the Generations of Adam, and is also referred to within the genealogies of 1 Chronicles.

In the New Testament, he figures within the genealogy of Jesus as it is set out in Luke 3:38. Enos is also mentioned in Islam in the various collections of tales of the pre-Islamic prophets, which honor him in an identical manner. Furthermore, early Islamic historians like Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham always included his name in the genealogy of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, (Arabic: ’Anūsh أَنُوش  or: Yānish يَانِش).

Seth
Seth is the third son of Adam and Eve within the Abrahamic religions. The Hebrew Bible names two of his siblings as Cain and Abel. According to Genesis 4:25, Seth was born after Abel's murder by Cain, and Eve believed that God had appointed him as a replacement for Abel.
Diocese of Lages
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Lages (Latin: Dioecesis Lagensis) is a Latin Rite suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Chapecó in Santa Catarina state, Brazil.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Catedral Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres, dedicated to Our Lady of Joy, in the city of Lages.

Archdiocese of Chapecó
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chapecó (Latin: Archidioecesis Xapecoënsis) is an archdiocese located in the city of Chapecó, Brazil. It was in the ecclesiastical province of Florianópolis until the elevation to its current status in 2024.
Romantic chess
Romantic chess is a style of chess popular in the 18th century until its decline in the 1880s. This style of chess emphasizes quick, tactical maneuvers rather than long-term strategic planning. Romantic players consider winning in itself to be secondary to winning with style. The Romantic era of play was followed by the Scientific, Hypermodern and New Dynamism eras.

Hypermodernism (chess)
Hypermodernism is a school of chess that emerged after World War I. It featured challenges to the chess ideas of central European masters, including Wilhelm Steinitz's approach to the centre and the rules established by Siegbert Tarrasch.
Hasan, Turkmenistan
Hasan, previously known as Kasan (in Russian: Касан), is a village in Türkmenbaşy District, Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. The village is subordinate to the town of Türkmenbaşy. In 2022, it had a population of 508 people.

Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi
Türkmenbaşy, formerly known as Jaňga, is a town and the administrative center of Türkmenbaşy District, Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. The town is located on the Caspian Sea coast, east of the city of Türkmenbaşy, with which it should not be confused. In 2022, it had a population of 7,334 people.
M42 motorway
The M42 motorway runs north east from Bromsgrove in Worcestershire to just south-west of Ashby-de-la-Zouch in Leicestershire, passing Redditch, Solihull, the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) and Tamworth on the way, serving the east of the Birmingham metropolitan area. The section between the M40 and junction 4 of the M6 forms – though unsigned as such – a part of Euroroute E05. Northwards beyond junction 11, the route is continued as the A42; the junctions on this section, 12–14, are numbered like a continuation of the motorway, but the road has non-motorway status from here.

M40 motorway
The M40 motorway links London, Oxford, and Birmingham in England, a distance of about 89 miles (143 km).

The motorway is dual three lanes except for junction 1A to junction 3 (which is dual four lanes) a short section in-between the exit and entry slip-roads at junction 4 (which is two lanes in both directions) and also between the slip-roads at junction 9 (in the south-eastbound direction only).

An Active Traffic Management system operates on the short section north-westbound from junction 16 (A3400) to the M42.
Trace diagram
In mathematics, trace diagrams are a graphical means of performing computations in linear and multilinear algebra. They can be represented as (slightly modified) graphs in which some edges are labeled by matrices. The simplest trace diagrams represent the trace and determinant of a matrix. Several results in linear algebra, such as Cramer's Rule and the Cayley–Hamilton theorem, have simple diagrammatic proofs. They are closely related to Penrose's graphical notation.

Penrose graphical notation
In mathematics and physics, Penrose graphical notation or tensor diagram notation is a (usually handwritten) visual depiction of multilinear functions or tensors proposed by Roger Penrose in 1971. A diagram in the notation consists of several shapes linked together by lines.

The notation widely appears in modern quantum theory, particularly in matrix product states and quantum circuits.  In particular, categorical quantum mechanics (which includes ZX-calculus) is a fully comprehensive reformulation of quantum theory in terms of Penrose diagrams.

The notation has been studied extensively by Predrag Cvitanović, who used it, along with  Feynman's diagrams and other related notations in developing "birdtracks", a group-theoretical diagram to classify the classical Lie groups. Penrose's notation has also been generalized using representation theory to spin networks in physics, and with the presence of matrix groups to trace diagrams in linear algebra.
Lokshen
Lokshen (Yiddish: לאָקשן, lokshn), also known as Itriyot (Hebrew: איטריות), locshen, lockshen, or Jewish egg noodles, is the common name of a range of Ashkenazi Jewish egg noodles that are commonly used in a variety of Jewish dishes including chicken soup, kugel, kasha varnishkes, lokshen mit kaese, and as a side dish to Jewish brisket, sweet and sour meat balls, apricot chicken, and many other dishes. They may also be served with melted butter or a simple tomato sauce. In the United States, lokshen are also used as the basis for various casseroles and baked dishes including tuna noodle casserole, and both sweet and savory lokshen kugels.

Noodle kugel
Noodle kugel (לאָקשן־קוגל‎ lokshen kugel, pronounced [ˈkʊɡl̩]), also known as lokshen kugel or kigel, is an Ashkenazi Jewish casserole that is traditionally served as a side dish and popular variety of kugel made with lokshen noodles and either a variety of dairy or pareve ingredients, often served on Shabbat and Jewish holidays.
Mornington Island
Mornington Island, also known as Kunhanhaa, is an island in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Shire of Mornington, Queensland, Australia. It is the northernmost and, at 1,018 km2 (393 sq mi), the largest of 22 islands that form the Wellesley Islands group. The largest town, Gununa, is in the south-western part of the island.

The Lardil people are the traditional owners of the island, but there are also Kaiadilt people, who were relocated from nearby Bentinck Island, as well as people of other nations on the island. The Mornington Island Mission operated from 1914 until 1978, when it was taken over by the Queensland Government, which had proclaimed the islands an Aboriginal reserve in 1905. The Mirndiyan Gununa Aboriginal Corporation owns and manages an art centre, MIArt, and dance troupe, the Mornington Island Dancers.

Wellesley Islands
The Wellesley Islands, also known as the North Wellesley Islands, is a group of islands off the coast of Far North Queensland, Australia, in the Gulf of Carpentaria. It is a locality within the Shire of Mornington local government area. The traditional owners of the islands are the Lardil people. In the 2021 census, Wellesley Islands had a population of 1,022 people.
Mandolin-banjo
The mandolin-banjo is a hybrid instrument, combining a banjo body with the neck and tuning of a mandolin. It is a soprano banjo. It has been independently invented in more than one country, variously being called mandolin-banjo, banjo-mandolin, banjolin and banjourine in English-speaking countries, banjoline and bandoline in France, and the Cümbüş in Turkey.

The instrument has the same scale length as a mandolin (about 14 inches); with 4 courses of strings tuned identically to the violin and mandolin (low to high: GDAE). The movable bridge stands on a resonant banjo-like head typically 10 inches in diameter and currently usually made of plastic. Originally heads were made of skin and varied in diameter to as small as five inches. Larger heads were favored, however, as they were louder, and thus more audible in band settings.

Cümbüş
The cümbüş (/dʒuːmˈbuːʃ/; Turkish pronunciation: [dʒymˈbyʃ]) is a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin. It was developed in 1930 by Zeynel Abidin Cümbüş as an oud-like instrument that could be heard as part of a larger ensemble.

The cümbüş is shaped like an American banjo, with a spun-aluminum resonator bowl and skin soundboard. Although originally configured as an oud, the instrument has been converted to other instruments by attaching a different set of neck and strings. The standard cümbüş is fretless, but guitar, mandolin and ukulele versions have fretboards. The neck is adjustable, allowing the musician to change the angle of the neck to its strings by turning a screw. One model is made with a wooden resonator bowl, with the effect of a less tinny, softer sound.
15 cm MRK L/35
The 15 cm Mantel Ring Kanone L/35, known as 15 cm Kanone L/35 was a 15 cm 35 caliber long Krupp Mantel Ring Kanone (MRK). It was very similar to the related 15 cm MRK L/25 and 15 cm MRK L/30, and the somewhat later 15 cm MRK L/40. Like these, it was a rifled breech loader built-up gun with a Krupp cylindroprismatic sliding breech.

15 cm MRK L/30
The 15 cm Mantel Ring Kanone L/30, known as 15 cm Kanone L/30 was a 15 cm 30 caliber long Krupp Mantel Ring Kanone (MRK). It was a rifled breech loader built-up gun with a Krupp cylindroprismatic sliding breech. It was based on the later models of the 15 cm RK L/26, a 15 cm MRK L/28, and a 15.24 cm (6 inch) predecessor. This predecessor was the first of a new series of 30 and 35 caliber long guns that Krupp made to profit from a slower burning gunpowder invented in the early 1870s.
Morovis, Puerto Rico
Morovis (Spanish pronunciation: [moˈɾoβis], locally [moˈɾoβiʔ]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the central region of the island, north of Orocovis, south of Manatí, Vega Baja and Vega Alta; east of Ciales, and west of Corozal. Morovis is spread over 13 barrios and Morovis Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Ciales, Puerto Rico
Ciales (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsjales], locally [ˈsjaleʔ]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico, located on the Central Mountain Range, northwest of Orocovis; south of Florida and Manatí; east of Utuado and Jayuya; and west of Morovis. Ciales is spread over eight barrios and Ciales Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Dead heat
A dead heat is a rare situation in various racing sports in which the performances of competitors are judged to be so close that no difference between them can be resolved. The result is declared a tie and the competitors are awarded a joint ranking. Dead heats can occur in both head-to-head races and competitions where competitors race sequentially and are ranked by finishing time.

Photo finishes have been a long-standing method of resolving outcomes too ambiguous to be distinguished by the naked eye. Improvements in technology, including digital super-slow motion replay and pressure-sensitive digital timers, have increased precision in resolving dead heats.  Consequently, dead heats are declared less often than they once were.

Photo finish
A photo finish occurs in a sporting race when multiple competitors cross the finishing line at nearly the same time. As the naked eye may not be able to determine which of the competitors crossed the line first, a photo or video taken at the finish line may be used for a more accurate check. Photo finishes make it less likely that officials will declare a race a dead heat.

Finish line photos are still used in nearly every modern racing sport. Although some sports use electronic equipment to track the racers during a race, a photo is considered the most important evidence in selecting the winner. They are especially important during close races, but they are also used to assign official times to each competitor during any race.
Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956
The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 was enacted as part of the Hindu Code Bills. Three other important acts were also passed during this time: the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, and the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956. All of these acts were introduced under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, and were intended to modernize the prevailing Hindu legal tradition. The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 was intended to supplement, rather than replace the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890. This act specifically defines guardianship relationships between adults and minors, as well as between individuals of all ages and their respective property.

Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
The Hindu Marriage Act (HMA) is an act of the Parliament of India enacted in 1955. Three other important acts were also enacted as part of the Hindu Code Bills during this time: the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, and the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956.
2012 NBA playoffs
The 2012 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2011–12 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeating the Western Conference champion Oklahoma City Thunder, 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals. LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP.

2012 NBA Finals
The 2012 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 2011–12 season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. In this best-of-seven series, the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeated the Western Conference champion Oklahoma City Thunder in five games, winning their second championship in franchise history. The Heat's LeBron James, who was named the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the season, was voted the NBA Finals MVP, after averaging 28.6 points, 10.2 rebounds, and 7.4 assists.

The series started on June 12, and concluded on June 21. This marked Oklahoma City's first NBA Finals appearance since their relocation from Seattle, and their only one until 2025. The win by the Heat earned James his first championship.
Tightening key
A tightening key is a small wedge or shim used in the construction of a canvas stretcher frame with expandable joints. The key is inserted into the slotted inside the stretcher bars at the mitered corners of the frame to prevent or adjust sagging. Tightening keys are commonly made in plastic or wood, and are often called corner keys or corner wedges. Tightening keys were introduced in the mid-18th century, making expandable (versus rigid) stretcher frames possible.

Stretcher bar
A stretcher bar is used to construct a wooden stretcher used by artists to mount their canvases.

They are traditionally a wooden framework support on which an artist fastens a piece of canvas. They are also used for small-scale embroidery to provide steady tension, affixing the edges of the fabric with push-pins or a staple gun before beginning to sew, and then removing it from the stretcher when the work is complete. Stretchers are usually in the shape of a rectangle, although shaped canvases are also possible.
Kilowog
Kilowog is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is a member of the Green Lantern Corps.

Kilowog has been substantially adapted into media outside comics, primarily in association with Green Lantern. Michael Clarke Duncan, Kevin Michael Richardson, Dennis Haysbert, and Henry Rollins, among others, have voiced the character in television series and films.

Green Lantern Corps
The Green Lantern Corps is a law enforcement agency appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Co-created by writer John Broome and artist Gil Kane, the organization first appeared along with member Hal Jordan in Showcase #22 in 1959.

The agency patrols the farthest reaches of the DC Universe at the behest of the Guardians, a race of immortals residing on the planet Oa. According to DC continuity, the Green Lantern Corps have been in existence for three billion years. Currently operating amongst the 3600 "sectors" of the universe, there are 7204 members (known commonly as Green Lanterns). Each Green Lantern is given a power ring, a tool granting the use of incredible abilities that are directed by the wearer's own willpower.
Avia BH-33
The Avia BH-33 was a biplane fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in 1927. It was based on the BH-21J which demonstrated promising results by combining the original BH-21 airframe with a licence-built Bristol Jupiter radial engine. Other than the peculiar Avia hallmark of having an upper wing with a shorter span than the lower, it was utterly conventional, even featuring a tail fin for the first time in a Pavel Beneš and Miroslav Hajn design (previous aircraft had a rudder but no fin).

Avia BH-21
The Avia BH-21 was a fighter biplane designed and produced by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Avia. First flown in January 1925, it served an important role in securing Czechoslovak national security during the Interwar period.

It originated as the Avia BH-17 during the early 1920s, which was redesigned in response to feedback from an official evaluation of the aircraft as a fighter. Performing its maiden flight in January 1925, it was put into quantity production later that same year. It was operated by both the Czechoslovak Air Force and the Belgian Air Force. As well as being a competent fighter aircraft, it was also an accomplished racer, winning several air races in the mid-1920s.
Laurence Tisch
Laurence Alan Tisch (March 5, 1923 – November 15, 2003) was an American billionaire businessman and investor. He was the CEO of CBS television network from 1986 to 1995. With his brother Bob Tisch, he was part owner of Loews Corporation.

Preston Robert Tisch
Preston Robert Tisch (April 29, 1926 – November 15, 2005) was an American businessman who was the chairman of the Loews Corporation, which he co-owned with his brother Laurence Tisch. From 1991 until his death, Tisch owned half of the New York Giants football team, sharing ownership with Wellington Mara.
First Sarkar ministry
The First Sarkar ministry was the fourth cabinet formed in East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan), the eastern province of Pakistan. It was formed after the Third Huq ministry formed by 1954 legislative assembly election. The cabinet was led by Abu Hussain Sarkar, leader of the Krishak Sramik Party (KSP), and remained in office for nearly one year before being replaced by the First Ataur ministry.

Third Huq ministry
Third Huq ministry was the third cabinet formed in the eastern province of Pakistan, East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan). It was formed under the leadership of A. K. Fazlul Huq, leader of the Krishak Sramik Party (KSP), a constituent party of the victorious United Front (UF) following the 1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election. The cabinet lasted for about two months and was replaced nearly a year later by the First Sarkar ministry.
Qaa massacre
The Qaa massacre (Arabic: مجزرة القاع) took place on June 28, 1978, in which four villages in Baalback Ras Baalback, Qaa, Fakiha and Jdeide were attacked in apparent retaliation for Ehden massacre.

The New York Times reported that the victims were believed to have taken part in the killing of 40 people two weeks earlier in the northern town of Ehden. The report quoted Camille Chamoun as saying that the attack on the four villages was by “non-Lebanese, non-civilians” and that the gunmen entered the villages with lists of names. Phalangist radio reported 40 people were kidnapped and 26 of them killed. The dead were reported to be members of the Phalangist Kataeb party and Chamoun's National Liberal Party.

Ehden massacre
The Ehden massacre (Arabic: مجزرة إهدن, romanized: Majzarat Ehden) took place on 13 June 1978, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. It was an inter-Christian attack between Maronite clans. A Kataeb militia attacked the summer house of the Frangieh family in Ehden leading to the death of over 40 people including Tony Frangieh and his family. Tony Frangieh was the eldest son of Sulaiman Frangieh, leader of the Marada Brigade and scion of one of the most powerful northern Maronite clans. He was 36 years old when he was killed.
Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny
Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ alɛksɑ̃dʁ mɔ̃siɲi]; (1729-10-17)17 October 1729 – (1817-01-14)14 January 1817) was a French composer and a member of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts (1813).

He is considered alongside André Grétry and François-André Danican Philidor to have been the founder of a new musical genre, the opéra comique, laying a path for other French composers such as François-Adrien Boieldieu, Daniel-François-Esprit Auber, Charles Gounod, Georges Bizet, and Jules Massenet in this genre.

André Grétry
André Ernest Modeste Grétry (French: [gʁɛtʁi]; baptised 11 February 1741; died 24 September 1813) was a 
composer from the Prince-Bishopric of Liège (present-day Belgium), who worked from 1767 onwards in France and took French nationality. He is most famous for his opéras comiques. His music influenced Mozart and Beethoven both of whom wrote variations on his works.