hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Red-legged partridge
The red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds. It is sometimes known as French partridge, to distinguish it from the English or grey partridge. The genus name is from Ancient Greek alektoris a farmyard chicken, and rufa is Latin for red or rufous.

It is a rotund bird, with a light brown back, grey breast and buff belly. The face is white with a black gorget. It has rufous-streaked flanks and red legs. When disturbed, it prefers to run rather than fly, but if necessary it flies a short distance on rounded wings. This is a seed-eating species, but the young in particular take insects as an essential protein supply. The call is a three-syllable ka-chu-chu.

Chukar partridge
The chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), or simply chukar, is a Palearctic upland gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. It has been considered to form a superspecies complex along with the rock partridge, Philby's partridge and Przevalski's partridge and treated in the past as conspecific particularly with the first. This partridge has well-marked black and white bars on the flanks and a black band running from the forehead across the eye down the head to form a necklace that encloses a white throat. Native to Asia, the species has been introduced into many other places and feral populations have established themselves in parts of North America, Malta and New Zealand. This bird can be found in parts of Middle East and temperate Asia.
Harry S. Truman National Historic Site
The Harry S. Truman National Historic Site (officially styled without the period after the S) preserves the longtime home of Harry S. Truman, the 33rd president of the United States, as well as other properties associated with him in the  Kansas City, Missouri metropolitan area. The site is operated by the National Park Service, with its centerpieces being the Truman Home in Independence and the Truman Farm Home in Grandview. It also includes the Noland home of Truman's cousins, and the George and Frank Wallace homes of Bess Truman's brothers. The site was designated a National Historic Site on May 23, 1983.

Independence, Missouri
Independence is a city mostly in and one of two county seats of Jackson County, Missouri, United States. It is a satellite city of Kansas City, Missouri, and is the largest suburb on the Missouri side of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In 2020, it had a total population of 123,011, making it the fifth-most populous city in Missouri. A small part of the city extends into Clay County.

Independence is known as the "Queen City of the Trails" because it was a point of departure for the California, Oregon, and Santa Fe Trails. It is the hometown of U.S. President Harry S. Truman, with the Truman Presidential Library and Museum, and the gravesites of Truman and First Lady Bess Truman. The city is sacred to the Latter Day Saint movement, as the home of Joseph Smith's 1831 Temple Lot, and the headquarters of several Mormon denominations.
Heimweiler
Heimweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land, whose seat is in the town of Kirn.

Kirn
Kirn (German pronunciation: [kɪʁn] ⓘ) is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land. Kirn is a middle centre serving an area on the Nahe and in the Hunsrück.
Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales (hardcover book collection)
Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales is a series of hardcover books that collects the Sunday comic strips of Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales, an umbrella title for comic strips which were drawn by several different Disney artists during the period of the early 1950s to the mid-1980s. The Treasury of Classic Tales comic strips were used by Walt Disney Studios to introduce current movie characters into comic adaptations for the public. The books are being published by IDW Publishing's imprint, The Library of American Comics. The first book of the series was released in November 2016.

In April 2018, it was announced that, due to the sales goal of the series not being met, the third volume may be the last one to be published.

Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales
Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales is an American Disney comic strip, which ran on Sundays in newspapers from July 13, 1952, until February 15, 1987. It was distributed by King Features Syndicate. Each story adapted a different Disney film, such as Darby O'Gill and the Little People, Peter Pan, or Davy Crockett. It was run in relatively few papers, with 58 in 1957 and 55 in 1966, and was principally a vehicle for promoting new and re-released Disney films.
V. A. Demant
Vigo Auguste Demant FRAI (1893 – 1983), known as V. A. Demant, was an English Anglican priest, theologian, and social commentator. He was one of the 14 committee members who served on the Wolfenden Report on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution.

Wolfenden report
The Report of the Departmental Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution (better known as the Wolfenden report, after Sir John Wolfenden, the chairman of the committee) was published in the United Kingdom on 4 September 1957 after a succession of well-known men, including Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, Michael Pitt-Rivers, John Gielgud and Peter Wildeblood were convicted of homosexual offences.
Kernewek Lowender
The Kernewek Lowender (officially the Kernewek Lowender Copper Coast Cornish Festival) is a Cornish-themed biennial festival held in the Copper Coast towns of Kadina, Moonta and Wallaroo on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. 'Kernewek Lowender' means 'Cornish happiness' in the Cornish language. It is held in the late autumn starting on the second Monday of May, in odd-numbered years. The Kernewek Lowender claims to be the world’s largest Cornish Festival outside Cornwall.

Copper Coast
Copper Coast is a region of South Australia situated in Northern Yorke Peninsula and comprising the towns of Wallaroo, Kadina, Moonta, Paskeville and Port Hughes. The area approximately bounded by Wallaroo, Kadina and Moonta is also known as the Copper Triangle. The area is so named because copper was mined from there in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a significant source of economic prosperity for South Australia at the time. These three towns are known for their large Cornish ethnicity, often called "Little Cornwall". Kernewek Lowender is the world's largest Cornish Festival, held biennially in the Cornish Triangle. The area continues to make a significant contribution to the economy of South Australia, as a major producer of grain, particularly barley and wheat.
Hari Singh Nalwa
Hari Singh Nalwa (29 April 1791 – 30 April 1837) was the commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Fauj, the army of the Sikh Empire. He is known for his role in the conquests of Kasur, Sialkot, Attock, Multan, Kashmir, Peshawar and Jamrud. Hari Singh Nalwa was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh Empire to beyond the Indus River right up to the mouth of the Khyber Pass. At the time of his death, Jamrud constituted the western boundary of the Empire.

He served as governor of Kashmir, Peshawar and Hazara. He established a mint on behalf of the Sikh Empire to facilitate revenue collection in Kashmir and Peshawar.

Hazara region
Hazara (Hindko: هزاره; Urdu: ہزارہ), large parts of which were known as Pakhli Sarkar, is a region in northern Pakistan, falling administratively within the Hazara Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It forms the northernmost portion of Sindh Sagar Doab, and is mainly populated by the indigenous Hindko-speaking Hindkowans and Kohistani people, with a significant Pashto-speaking population. The inhabitants of Hazara are collectively called the Hazarewal.
Niitsu, Niigata
Niitsu (新津市, Niitsu-shi) was a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The city itself was founded on January 1, 1951, but the area had already been opened to railway traffic as early as November 20, 1897. As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 66,058 and the density of 843.87 persons per km2. The total area was 78.28 km2. The city is notable for its Peace Pagoda, built by Nipponzan Myohoji in 1967.

On March 21, 2005, Niitsu was merged into the expanded city of Niigata. Other cities merged into Niigata at this time include the cities of Shirone and Toyosaka, the towns of Kameda, Kosudo and Yokogoshi (all from Nakakanbara District), the town of Nishikawa, and the villages of Ajikata, Iwamuro, Katahigashi, Nakanokuchi and Tsukigata (all from Nishikanbara District).

As of April 1, 2007, the area was part of Akiha-ku ward of Niigata City.

Akiha-ku, Niigata
Akiha-ku (秋葉区, Akiha-ku) is one of the eight wards of Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of  Japan. As of 1 September 2018, the ward had an estimated population of 76,086 in 29,843 households  and a population density of 800 persons per km². The total area of the ward was  95.38 square kilometres (36.83 sq mi).
Scrutinyite
Scrutinyite /ˈskruːtɪni.aɪt/ is a rare oxide mineral and is the alpha crystalline form of lead dioxide (α-PbO2), plattnerite being the other, beta form. The mineral was first reported in 1988 and its name reflects the scrutiny and efforts required to identify it from a very limited amount of available sample material.

Plattnerite
Plattnerite is an oxide mineral and is the beta crystalline form of lead dioxide (β-PbO2), scrutinyite being the other, alpha form. It was first reported in 1845 and named after German mineralogist Karl Friedrich Plattner. Plattnerite forms bundles of dark needle-like crystals on various minerals; the crystals are hard and brittle and have tetragonal symmetry.
Kalambaka railway station
Kalambaka railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Καλαμπάκας, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Kalambákas) is the main railway station in Kalabaka, in the Trikala regional unit, Thessaly. Opened on 16 June 1886 by the Thessaly Railways (now part of OSE) as its first terminal station. Today Hellenic Train operates Regional Express services to destinations across Greece. It is currently the most northwesterly part of the Greek railway network in operation.

Currently no trains serve the station, with rail replacement bus service operation between the Kalambaka and Paleofarsalos, where onward services can be found.

Hellenic Train
Hellenic Train S.A., formerly TrainOSE S.A. (Greek: ΤραινΟΣΕ Α.Ε.), is a private railway company in Greece which operates passenger and freight trains on OSE lines. Hellenic Train employs train crews, operators and manages most of the rail services throughout the Greek railway network, leasing rolling stock owned by GAIAOSE except for ETR 470 trains.

The company was a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) until 2008, when it became an independent state-owned company until its privatisation in 2017. 
TrainOSE was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian national railway company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. In 2022 the company rebranded as Hellenic Train.
KMIR-TV
KMIR-TV (channel 36, cable channel 6) is a television station licensed to Palm Springs, California, United States, serving as the NBC affiliate for the Coachella Valley. It is owned by Entravision Communications (as the company's only NBC affiliate), and is sister to MyNetworkTV affiliate KPSE-LD (channel 50, also licensed to Palm Springs), Indio-licensed Univision affiliate KVER-CD (channel 41) and UniMás affiliate KEVC-CD (channel 5). KMIR and KPSE share studios on Parkview Drive in Palm Desert; KEVC and KVER maintain separate facilities on Corporate Way, also in Palm Desert. KMIR's transmitter is located atop Edom Hill in Cathedral City.

KEVC-CD
KEVC-CD (channel 5) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Indio, California, United States, serving the Palm Springs Area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network UniMás. It is owned by Entravision Communications alongside Univision affiliate KVER-CD (channel 41), NBC affiliate KMIR-TV (channel 36), and MyNetworkTV affiliate KPSE-LD (channel 50). KEVC and KVER share studios on Corporate Way in Palm Desert; KMIR and KPSE maintain separate facilities on Parkview Drive, also in Palm Desert. KEVC's transmitter is located atop Edom Hill in Cathedral City.
Michel Adanson
Michel Adanson (7 April 1727 – 3 August 1806) was an 18th-century French botanist and naturalist who traveled to Senegal to study flora and fauna. He proposed a "natural system" of taxonomy distinct from the binomial system forwarded by Linnaeus. The standard author abbreviation Adans. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan loʁɑ̃ də ʒysjø]; 12 April 1748 – 17 September 1836) was a French botanist, notable as the first to publish a natural classification of flowering plants; much of his system remains in use today. His classification was based on an extended unpublished work by his uncle, the botanist Bernard de Jussieu.
Lionel Bostock
Lionel Carrington Bostock OBE MC (13 February 1888 – 30 January 1962) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.  He served with the Manchester Regiment and during the First World War was also seconded to the West African Frontier Force and the British Indian Army.  After the war Bostock was seconded to the Egyptian Army and became commander of the Equatorial Corps of the Sudan Defence Force.  In 1927–28 he led a punitive expedition against a rebellion of the Nuer people and successfully defeated a force led by Prophet Garluark.  Bostock retired in 1933 but was recalled to service during the Second World War.

Garluark
Garluark (fl. 1922–1935) was a leader of the Nuer people of Sudan.  Described as a powerful prophet, he led his people in revolt against the Anglo-Egyptian authorities in 1923.  He was captured in 1925 but after swearing allegiance to the British was freed and placed in position as indirect ruler of his former territory.  After the British district commissioner was murdered in 1927 a force led by Major Lionel Bostock captured Garluark once again.  He was freed once more in 1935 and reinstated as ruler.
Alfredo de Angeli
Alfredo Luis de Angeli (born 16 February 1957) is an Argentine politician, current National Senator for Entre Ríos Province and former rural leader of the Federación Agraria Argentina of Entre Ríos. He became well known during Argentina's longest farmer strike, during which he led one of the hardline groups, blocking Ruta Nacional 14, also known as the Mercosur Road, in Gualeguaychú.

2008 Argentine agrarian strike
The 2008 Argentine agrarian strike refers to the conflict between the Argentine national government and the 4 entities that represented the agriculture sector. The crisis began in March 2008 with four agricultural sector employers organizations (Federación Agraria Argentina, Sociedad Rural Argentina, Confederaciones Rurales Argentinas and CONINAGRO) taking direct action such as road blocks to protest against the decision of the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner to raise export taxes on soybeans and sunflower. The subsequent political upheaval has seen elements of the ruling Front for Victory speak out against the government and the resignation of Economy Minister Martín Lousteau.
Alexander Richardson (basketball)
Alexander Richardson (born September 9, 2003) is a Scottish / German professional basketball player for ART Giants Düsseldorf in the German ProA. A versatile center, Richardson has established himself as one of the top young talents in German basketball.

SG ART Giants Düsseldorf
SG ART Giants Düsseldorf, representing its professional team as ART Giants Düsseldorf, was a basketball club based in Düsseldorf, Germany. Their home arena was the Castello Düsseldorf, which seats 3,700 spectators.
Peralta Adobe
The Peralta Adobe (Spanish: Adobe Peralta), also known as the Luis María Peralta Adobe or the Gonzales-Peralta Adobe, is the oldest building in San Jose, California. The adobe was built in 1797 by José Manuel Gonzeles, one of the founders of San Jose, and is named after Luis María Peralta, its most famous resident.

Luis María Peralta
Luis María Peralta (1759 in Sonora, New Spain – August 26, 1851) was a Californio ranchero and soldier in the Spanish Army. Peralta received Rancho San Antonio, one of the largest of the rancho grants in California, covering 44,800 acres (181 km2) that encompassed most of the East Bay region of the Bay Area in Northern California.
Natal Native Pioneer Corps
The Natal Native Pioneer Corps, commonly referred to as the Natal Pioneers, was a unit of the British Colonial Auxiliary Forces which served in Anglo-Zulu War. Raised by levy in November 1878, the unit consisted of three companies of around 100 men who worked on engineering tasks such as the repair of tracks and construction of entrenchments.  The men were issued with old British Army jackets, white short trousers and a blue pillbox hat.  The non-commissioned officers of the unit were armed with a rifle, the other men were issued only with tools.

Detachments of the Natal Native Pioneer Corps fought at the battles of Inyezane, Isandlwana, Eshowe and Ulundi.  They remained in service for some months after the war ended in July 1879.  This led to  some disgruntlement and two men of No. 1 Company were flogged for insubordination; the Corps was finally disbanded in October 1879.

Battle of Ulundi
The Battle of Ulundi (also known as the Battle of kwaNodwengu or the Battle of oCwecweni) took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi (Zulu: oNdini) on 4 July 1879 and was the last battle of the Anglo-Zulu War. The British Army broke the military power of the Zulu Kingdom by defeating the main Zulu army and capturing and burning the royal kraal of oNdini.
Ingvar Eggert Sigurðsson
Ingvar Eggert Sigurðsson (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈiŋkvar ˈɛcːɛr̥t ˈsɪːɣʏr̥θsɔn]; born 22 November 1963) is an Icelandic actor who has worked extensively in Icelandic cinema, television and stage productions. He became internationally known for his role as police officer Ásgeir in the Icelandic TV series Trapped (2015–18), and in  Icelandic director Hlynur Pálmason's films A White White Day (2019) and   Godland (2022).

A White, White Day
A White, White Day (Icelandic: Hvítur, Hvítur Dagur) is a 2019 Icelandic drama film directed by Hlynur Pálmason. It premiered in the Critics' Week section at the Cannes Film Festival on 16 May 2019. It won Best Film Award at the 2019 Torino Film Festival. It was selected as the Icelandic entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 92nd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
Inquiry education
Inquiry education (sometimes known as the inquiry method) is a student-centered method of education focused on asking questions. Students are encouraged to ask questions which are meaningful to them, and which do not necessarily have easy answers; teachers are encouraged to avoid giving answers when this is possible, and in any case to avoid giving direct answers in favor of asking more questions. In this way it is similar in some respects to the Socratic method. The method was advocated by Neil Postman and Charles Weingartner in their book Teaching as a Subversive Activity.

While inquiry-based education is a teaching method that has been connected with Piaget's theory of cognitive development and other constructivists like Jean Piaget, there is some evidence that this sort of approach was already used by the rabbis as early as antiquity (with the Passover Seder serving as an exemplar of such educational interventions).

Neil Postman
Neil Postman (March 8, 1931 – October 5, 2003) was an American author, educator, media theorist, and cultural critic who eschewed digital technology, including personal computers and mobile devices, and was critical of the use of personal computers in schools. He is best known for 20 books about technology and education, including Teaching as a Subversive Activity (1970), The Disappearance of Childhood (1982), Amusing Ourselves to Death (1985), Conscientious Objections (1988), Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology (1992) and The End of Education: Redefining the Value of School (1995).
Sh 2-308
Sh 2-308, also designated as Sharpless 308, RCW 11, or LBN 1052, and commonly known as the Dolphin-Head Nebula, is an H II region located near the center of the constellation Canis Major, composed of ionised hydrogen. It is about 8 degrees south of Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky. The nebula is bubble-like and surrounds a Wolf–Rayet star named EZ Canis Majoris. This star is in the brief, pre-supernova phase of its stellar evolution. The nebula is about 4,530 light-years (1,389 parsecs) away from Earth, but some sources indicate that both the star and the nebula are up to 5,870 ly (1,800 pc) away. Yet others indicate the nebula is as close as 1,875 ly (575 pc) from Earth.

EZ Canis Majoris
EZ Canis Majoris (abbreviated to EZ CMa, also designated as WR 6) is binary system in the constellation of Canis Major.  The primary is a Wolf-Rayet star and it is one of the ten brightest Wolf-Rayet stars, brighter than apparent magnitude 7.
Fort Crampel Affair
The Fort-Crampel Affair or Gaud-Toqué Affair was a legal scandal in France in 1905 after two colonial officials were accused of arbitrarily executing several native people. This included one execution performed with a cartridge of dynamite at Fort Crampel, in what is now the Central African Republic. Both officials accused, Georges Toqué and Fernand Gaud, were sentenced to five years in prison.

Kaga-Bandoro
Kaga-Bandoro (formerly Fort-Crampel and Crampel)  is a market town and capital of the Nana-Grébizi prefecture of the Central African Republic. It represents the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaga–Bandoro. The town has been renamed twice.
Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
Gertrude of Süpplingenburg (18 April 1115 – 18 April 1143) was Duchess of Bavaria, Margravine of Tuscany, and Duchess of Saxony by marriage to Henry X, Duke of Bavaria, and Margravine of Austria and Duchess of Bavaria by marriage to Henry II, Duke of Austria. She was regent of Saxony during the minority of her son Henry the Lion in 1139–1142.

Henry the Proud
Henry the Proud (German: Heinrich der Stolze) (c. 1108 – 20 October 1139), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Bavaria (as Henry X) from 1126 to 1138 and Duke of Saxony (as Henry II) as well as Margrave of Tuscany and Duke of Spoleto from 1137 until his death. In 1138 he was a candidate for the election as King of the Romans but was defeated by Conrad of Hohenstaufen.
2019 South Korean National Assembly attack
The 2019 South Korean National Assembly attack occurred on 16 December 2019, when supporters of the Liberty Korea Party, Our Republican Party, and Taegeukgi units attempted to enter the National Assembly Proceeding Hall.

Our Republican Party (2017)
The Our Republican Party (Korean: 우리공화당), formerly the Korean Patriots' Party (대한애국당), was a far-right political party in South Korea known primarily for its pro-Park Geun-hye stance. It was formed following a split within the New Saenuri Party. The party strongly supported former president Park Geun-hye.

In June 2019, the party elevated Hong Moon-jong, a National Assembly member who left the Liberty Korea Party, as its leader along with incumbent Cho Won-jin. Originally, the party planned to change its name as New Republican Party (신공화당), but faced  a legal issue. On 24 June, the party changed the name to Our Republican Party. The party claimed that the new name came from Park Geun-hye herself.

In March 2020, the party merged with the Liberty Unification Party to form the Liberty Republican Party.