hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silverman v. Campbell
Silverman v. Campbell was a South Carolina Supreme Court case regarding the constitutionality of a provision in the South Carolina Constitution requiring an oath to God for employment in the public sector.

Constitution of South Carolina
The Constitution of the State of South Carolina is the governing document of the U.S. state of South Carolina. It describes the structure and function of the state's government. The current constitution took effect on December 4, 1895. South Carolina has had six other constitutions, which were adopted in 1669, 1776, 1778, 1790, 1865 and 1868.
Kaba gaida
The kaba gaida ('large gaida') or rodopska gaida (Rhodope gaida), is the bagpipe of the central Rhodope mountains, it is a distinctive symbol of Bulgarian folk music. It is made from wood, horn, animal skin and cotton, and is similar to the gaida, but lower pitched and usually with a larger bag. The chanter has a specific curve at the end, with a hexagonal section, and the shape of the channel inside the chanter is reverse cone. The most common drone tone on a kaba gaida is E.

The song "Izlel e Delio Haidutin", played on the kaba gaida and included on the Voyager Golden Record, was among the sounds selected to portray the diversity of human culture.

The gaida is played on weddings, celebrations and events. As people on the Balkans say: "A wedding without a bagpipe is like a funeral." Interest in the kaba gaida has been increasing and it is found on the ethno jazz scene.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
Al Madeena Islamic complex
Al Madeena Islamic complex (مجمع مدينة الاسلامى), also known as Al Madeena Yatheem Khana (دار الايتام) is an Islamic university in Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, established on 17 March 1994. It has 500 students including 110 orphans studying Qur'an, Hadith, Fiq’h, Arts, Science and Technology under different institutes. The institution was founded by Sheikhuna Sharaful Ulama Manjanady Abbas Musliyar.Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar is its present President.

Abbas Musliyar
Abbas Musliyar, also known as Sharaful Ulama Manjanady Ustad was the founder of Al Madeena Islamic complex, Mangalore.   He was one of the Sunni Muslim leaders of Karnataka and North Kerala. He was the Member of Samastha Kerala Jamiyathul Ulama Central Mushawara AP Faction and Main leader of Karnataka Jamiyathul Ulama AP Samastha Faction. He was born in Madikeri, India. Musliyar died on 28 July 2019 after a brief illness. He Has a Lot of Students including EK Faction Samastha Kerala Mushawara Member Abdullah Faizy Kodagu.
Work People's College
Work People's College (Finnish: Työväen Opisto) was a radical labor college (a type of a folk high school governed by the worker's movement) established in Smithville (Duluth), then a suburb of Duluth, Minnesota, in 1907 by the Finnish Socialist Federation of the Socialist Party of America. School administrators and faculty were sympathetic to the syndicalist left wing of the Finnish labor movement and the institution came into the orbit of the Industrial Workers of the World during the 1914-1915 factional battle that split the Finnish Federation. The school ceased operation in 1941.

In 2012 the Twin Cities branch of the Industrial Workers of the World relaunched Work People's College on a limited basis as a summer training camp for the group's activists and organizers.

Finnish Socialist Federation
The Finnish Socialist Federation (Finnish: Amerikan Suomalainen Sosialistijärjestö) was a language federation of the Socialist Party of America which united Finnish language-speaking immigrants in the United States in a national organization designed to conduct propaganda and education for socialism among their community.

In 1936, in response to a factional split in the Socialist Party which saw the party's moderate wing quit en masse to form the Social Democratic Federation of America, the Finnish Socialist Federation similarly departed to reestablish itself as the Finnish American League for Democracy (Finnish: Amerikan Suomalainen Kansanvallan Liitto).
Byzantine lyra
The Byzantine lyra or lira (Greek: λύρα) was a medieval bowed string musical instrument in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire. In its popular form, the lyra was a pear-shaped instrument with three to five strings, held upright and played by stopping the strings from the side with the fingertips and fingernails. The oldest known depiction of the instrument is on a Byzantine ivory casket, dated to circa 900–1100 AD, preserved in the Bargello in Florence (Museo Nazionale, Florence, Coll. Carrand, No.26). Modern variants of the lyra are still played throughout the Balkans and in areas surrounding the Black Sea (and most of the historical territories of the Byzantine Empire), including Greece, Crete (Cretan lyra), Karpathos (Karpathian lyra), Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria (the gadulka), North Macedonia, Croatia (Dalmatian lijerica), Italy (the Calabrian lira), Turkey (the politiki lyra and the Pontic lyra or kemençe) and Armenia.

Kemençe of the Black Sea
The Kemençe of the Black Sea (Turkish: Karadeniz kemençesi, Greek: Ποντιακή λύρα Pontiakí lýra or Pontic lyre, Laz: Çilili (ჭილილი), Armenian: քամանի Qamani, Pontic: lyra) is a traditional musical instrument. It belongs to the category of stringed bowed musical instruments. It has three strings, usually tuned to perfect fourths, usually tuned B-E-A. It is the pre-eminent musical folk instrument originated from the Northeastern Turkey, especially around the Eastern Black Sea Region and historically and currently played by Turkish and Pontic Greek folk artists from Turkey and Greece. The instrument is made of different types of wood.
Athlone
Athlone (/æθˈloʊn/; Irish: Baile Átha Luain, meaning 'The town of Luan's ford' [ˌbʲlʲɑː ˈl̪ˠuənʲ]) is a town on the border of County Roscommon and County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located on the River Shannon near the southern shore of Lough Ree. It is the second most populous town in the Midlands Region with a population of 22,869 in the 2022 census.

Most of the town lies on the east bank of the river, within the townland of the same name; however, by the terms of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, six townlands on the west bank of the Shannon, formerly in County Roscommon, were incorporated into the town, and consequently, into the county of Westmeath.

Around 100 km west of Dublin, Athlone is near the geographical centre of Ireland.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 10th Baronet
Colonel Sir Fitzroy Donald Maclean, 10th Baronet of Morvern, KCB, DL (18 May 1835 – 22 November 1936) was a Scottish officer who served as the 26th Clan Chief of Clan Maclean from 1883 to 1936, for fifty-three years.  He lived to be 101 years old. He bought and restored Duart Castle in 1911 as the seat of the Maclean clan.

Clan Maclean
Clan Maclean (/mækˈleɪn/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Clann 'IllEathain [kʰl̪ˠãn̪ˠ iˈʎɛhɛɲ]) is a Highlands Scottish clan. They are one of the oldest clans in the Highlands and owned large tracts of land in Argyll as well as the Inner Hebrides. Many early Macleans became famous for their honour, strength and courage in battle. They were involved in clan skirmishes with the Mackinnons, Camerons, MacDonalds and Campbells, as well as all of the Jacobite risings.
Sje
Sje (С́ с́; italics: С́ с́) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, formed from the Cyrillic Es (С с С с) with the addition of an acute accent. It is used in the Montenegrin alphabet, where it represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant /ɕ/. It corresponds to the Latin Ś. It is not to be confused with the Latin Ć, which represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /t͡ɕ/ (the sound of Ћ).

Ś
Ś (minuscule: ś or ſ́) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from S with the addition of an acute accent. It is used in Silesian, Polish, and Montenegrin alphabets, and in certain other languages or romanizations.
WS-Trust
WS-Trust is a WS-* specification and OASIS standard that provides extensions to WS-Security, specifically dealing with the issuing, renewing, and validating of security tokens, as well as with ways to establish, assess the presence of, and broker trust relationships between participants in a secure message exchange.

The WS-Trust specification was authored by representatives of a number of companies, and was approved by OASIS as a standard in March 2007.

Using the extensions defined in WS-Trust, applications can engage in secure communication designed to work within the Web services framework.

WS-Security
Web Services Security (WS-Security, WSS) is an extension to SOAP to apply security to Web services. It is a member of the Web service specifications and was published by OASIS.

The protocol specifies how integrity and confidentiality can be enforced on messages and allows the communication of various security token formats, such as Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), Kerberos, and X.509. Its main focus is the use of XML Signature and XML Encryption to provide end-to-end security.
Parts of Lindsey
The Parts of Lindsey are a traditional division of Lincolnshire, England, covering the northern part of the county.  The Isle of Axholme, which is on the west side of the River Trent, has normally formed part of it.  The district's name originated from the Kingdom of Lindsey of Anglo-Saxon times, whose territories were merged with that of Stamford to form Lincolnshire.

As with the other historic divisions of Lincolnshire, Lindsey is no longer a local government unit, although its name survives in that of two districts of the county council area Lincolnshire (East and West Lindsey), and it is still recognised as a geographical area.

East Lindsey
East Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Horncastle and the largest town is Skegness. Other towns include Alford, Burgh le Marsh, Coningsby, Louth, Mablethorpe, Spilsby, Sutton on Sea, Wainfleet All Saints, Wragby and Woodhall Spa. The district also covers a large rural area, including many smaller settlements.

The district lies on the east coast, bordering the North Sea. The north-west of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Boston, North Kesteven, West Lindsey and North East Lincolnshire.
Arica Province (Peru)
Arica (/əˈriːkə/ ə-REE-kə; Spanish: [aˈɾika]) was a province of the department of Tacna, Peru. Located in the country's southernmost coast, it existed between 1823 and 1929, having been de facto occupied by Chile since 1880 and incorporated into its territory since 1883 in the aftermath of the War of the Pacific.

Arica was, alongside Tacna, Tarata, Tarapacá and Iquique, one of five provinces occupied by Chile following the conflict. The latter two were ceded by Peru in 1883, Tarata was occupied until 1925, and Tacna and Arica were central to the 46-year territorial dispute that only concluded with the Treaty of Lima in 1929, after which Tacna was returned to Peru, while Arica was formally incorporated into the Chilean province of Tarapacá. Today, it is part of Arica y Parinacota Region.

Treaty of Lima (1929)
The Treaty of Lima was a boundary treaty signed on June 3, 1929. The agreement put an end to the territorial dispute regarding the provinces of Tacna and Arica, which had been administered by Chile since 1883.

The treaty divided Tacna Province, the first-level administrative division established by Chile, into two parts. Tacna was awarded to Peru, and Chile retained its sovereignty over Arica. Chile also agreed to pay up to US$6 million (about £1.23 million; equivalent to $113 million in 2025) in compensation to Peru. It established the border between both states and granted Peru the administration of the Tacna–Arica railway and a pier in the Port of Arica. The treaty was signed on 3 June 1929 in Lima by then-Peruvian Representative Pedro José Rada y Gamio and Chilean Representative Emiliano Figueroa Larrain.
Becky Burleigh
Rebecca Lund 'Becky' Burleigh (born October 13, 1967) is an American soccer coach. She is currently a special advisor for Sporting Club Jacksonville, better known as Sporting JAX, of the United Soccer League.

Formerly also a college soccer player, she is best known for her 26-year tenure as the first head coach of the Florida Gators women's soccer team at the University of Florida, where she led the Gators soccer team to a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I national championship in 1998. In 2021, Burleigh had a three-month spell as interim head coach of professional National Women's Soccer League team Orlando Pride.

Florida Gators women's soccer
The Florida Gators women's soccer team represents the University of Florida in the sport of college soccer.  The Gators compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Home games are played at Donald R. Dizney Stadium on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus. They have won thirteen conference championships and one NCAA national championship.
Egg, Austria
Egg is a market town in the Bregenz Forest, in the western Austrian state of Vorarlberg, part of the district of Bregenz. It has the highest population of any community in the Bregenzerwald.

In 1894, the Brauerei Egg, the only brewery left in the Bregenzerwald, was established there.

Bregenz Forest
The Bregenzerwald (German: Bregenzerwald, pronounced [ˈbʁeːɡɛnt͡sɐˌvalt] ⓘ) is one of the main regions in the state of Vorarlberg (Austria). It overlaps, but is not coterminous with, the Bregenz Forest Mountains, which belong to a range of the Northern Limestone Alps, specifically the northern flysch zone. It is the drainage basin of the Bregenzer Ach river and has a population of 31.386 (as of Sep 2024).
Radio Swan
Radio Swan was a pirate radio station owned by the CIA, and based in the Swan Islands, a group of islands in the western Caribbean Sea, near the coastline of Honduras. Under the "Radio Swan" and "Radio Americas" names, the station was in operation from 1960 to 1968.

Swan Islands, Honduras
The Swan Islands (Spanish: Islas Santanilla or Islas del Cisne, named Islas de las Pozas by Christopher Columbus in 1502) is a chain of three islands located in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, approximately 153 km (95 mi) northeast of the eastern coast of Honduras, with a combined land area of 3.1 km2 (1.2 sq mi).

The islands are uninhabited except for a small permanent Honduran naval garrison stationed on Great Swan Island that maintains the Islas del Cisne Airport.
Newell Dwight Hillis
Newell Dwight Hillis (September 2, 1858 – February 25, 1929) was a Congregationalist minister, writer, and philosopher from Brooklyn.  He served as pastor of the historic Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims in Brooklyn, and he oversaw the completion of the last major renovation of the church.

Plymouth Church (Brooklyn)
Plymouth Church is Congregational church located at 57 Orange Street, between Henry and Hicks Streets, in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. The Church House is located at 75 Hicks Street.The church was built in 1849–50 and was designed by Joseph C. Wells. Under the leadership of its first minister, Henry Ward Beecher, the church played a prominent role in slavery abolitionist activities during the mid-19th century.

Plymouth Church has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1961, and has been a National Historic Landmark since 1966. It is part of the Brooklyn Heights Historic District, created by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1965.

The church is a member of the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches.
Steigt freudig in die Luft, BWV 36a
Steigt freudig in die Luft (Soar joyfully in the air), BWV 36.2 (formerly BWV 36a), is a lost secular cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig and first performed it in Köthen on 30 November 1726.

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (German: [ˈbax ˌvɛʁkə fɐˈtsaɪçnɪs], lit. 'Bach Works Catalogue'; BWV) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990 and the third edition in 2022.

The catalogue groups compositions by genre. Even within a genre, compositions are not necessarily collated chronologically. 
In part this reflects the fact that some compositions cannot be dated. However, an approximate or precise date can be assigned to others: for example, BWV 992 was composed many years before BWV 1.
G/O Media
G/O Media Inc. is an American media holding company that owned and operated several digital media outlets.

It was formed in 2019 after the private equity firm Great Hill Partners purchased two digital portfolios from Univision: Gizmodo Media Group (Gizmodo, Jezebel, Deadspin, Lifehacker, Splinter, The Root, Kotaku, and Jalopnik) and the Onion portfolio (The Onion, ClickHole, The A.V. Club, and The Takeout). Since 2023, the company has sold off many of its outlets, including The Onion and Gizmodo, which were the source of "the G and O of its name". By October 2025, it had no remaining outlets and was in the process of sunsetting its operations.

Jezebel (website)
Jezebel is a US-based website featuring news and cultural commentary geared towards women. It was launched in 2007 by Gawker Media under the editorship of Anna Holmes as a feminist counterpoint to traditional women's magazines.

After the breakup of Gawker Media, the site was purchased by Univision Communications and later acquired by G/O Media. The site stopped publishing on November 9, 2023, when parent company G/O Media laid off its staff. It was then acquired by Paste on November 29, 2023, with the website officially relaunched on December 11, 2023. In November 2025, Paste Media announced that Splinter would be merged into Jezebel, with a dedicated section on the latter's website.
Mahlon Haines
Mahlon Nathaniel Haines (March 5, 1875 – October 31, 1962) was an American businessman and philanthropist in York, Pennsylvania. Haines arrived in York in 1905 where he became very successful at selling shoes.  Referred to as the "Shoe Wizard", Haines shared his wealth with his community and employees.  A local residential subdivision and adjacent road are named after him.  His most evident legacy is the Haines Shoe House in Hallam, which is readily visible from U.S. Route 30 east of York.

Haines Shoe House
The Haines Shoe House is a shoe-shaped house in Hellam Township, Pennsylvania, about two miles west of the borough of Hallam, on Shoe House Road near the Lincoln Highway. The house is 25 feet (7.6 m) high, 17 feet (5.2 m) wide, and 48 feet (15 m) long, and is visible from U.S. Route 30 (US 30).

Built by Mahlon Haines in 1948 to promote his shoe stores, the house was initially provided as a vacation spot for newlyweds and senior couples. Subsequent owners have offered it for public rental or operated it as a museum and ice cream shop. Most recently, it became an Airbnb rental property.
Grande Galerie
The Grande Galerie (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d ɡalʁi]), in the past also known as the Galerie du Bord de l'Eau (Waterside Gallery), is a wing of the Louvre Palace. It is perhaps more properly referred to as the Aile de la Grande Galerie (Grand Gallery Wing), since it houses the longest and largest room of the museum, also referred to as the Grande Galerie, one of the museum's most iconic spaces.

This unusually long wing was constructed beginning in 1595 on the initiative of King Henry IV and was completed in late 1607.: 69  It contained an elevated enclosed passageway linking the old Louvre Palace with the Tuileries Palace. The passageway was used for various purposes until the creation of the Louvre Museum in 1793, when it became the exhibition gallery it remains to this day. Originally 460 meters long, the room was reduced to its current length of 288 meters following the remodeling of its western section in the 1860s in the wake of Napoleon III's Louvre expansion.

Petite Galerie of the Louvre
The Petite Galerie is a wing of the Louvre Palace, which connects the buildings surrounding the Cour Carrée with the Grande Galerie bordering the River Seine. Begun in 1566, its current structures date mainly from the 17th and 19th centuries. Most of its main floor is now the Galerie d'Apollon, one of the Louvre's most iconic spaces.
Danilo Rea
Danilo Rea (born 9 August 1957) is an Italian jazz pianist. He is a graduate of the Santa Cecilia music conservatory in Rome. He made his debut with the "Trio di Roma" (with Roberto Gatto and Enzo Pietropaoli) in 1975.

Rea has performed with Chet Baker, Lee Konitz, Steve Grossman, Mimmo Cafiero, Phil Woods, Art Farmer, Curtis Fuller and Kenny Wheeler. In pop music he has performed with Mina, Domenico Modugno, Claudio Baglioni, Pino Daniele, Riccardo Cocciante and Gianni Morandi. He participated in "Requiem for Pierpaolo Pasolini" by Roberto De Simone at the Teatro San Carlo in Napoli.

Roberto Gatto
Roberto Gatto is an Italian jazz drummer, born October 6, 1958, in Rome.

He has performed with Lee Konitz, Chet Baker, Bob Berg, Tommy Flanagan, Joe Zawinul, and Joe Lovano and has composed film music. He is also the leader of his own jazz group and a member of the ensemble of Pino Daniele, a Neapolitan singer.
The Amityville Curse (novel)
The Amityville Curse is a prequel to The Amityville Horror written by Hans Holzer and released in 1981. Two film adaptations also titled The Amityville Curse were both released direct-to-video in 1990 and 2023, respectively.

The Amityville Curse
The Amityville Curse (released in the Philippines as Amityville Horror 1993) is a 1990 Canadian supernatural horror film directed by Tom Berry and starring Kim Coates, Cassandra Gava and Jan Rubeš. It is loosely based on the novel of the same name by Hans Holzer. It is the fifth film in the Amityville Horror film series.
La Iguala
La Iguala (Spanish pronunciation: [lajˈɣwala]) is a municipality in the Honduran department of Lempira.

La Iguala is one of the oldest municipalities of the Lempira department. The municipality capital is also known as "La Iguala Centro". The access to this town is quite a challenge. Both ways will be briefly described here. The first one is to take the road to the other municipalities of San Rafael and La Unión, going up and down mountains for 30 km and through several communities. At "El Matazano" community is the detour for "La Iguala Centro" after 15 km. This second part of the journey from "El Matazano" is rough due to the conditions of the road. The alternate way takes 30 minutes but it is only recommended for four-wheel-drive vehicles, on the road the Belén at 12 km is located the deviations at "Los Siles" community.

San Rafael, Honduras
San Rafael is a municipality in the Honduran department of Lempira.

It is one of the farthest municipalities of the Lempira department of Honduras. The best way to get to the municipality capital is via Santa Bárbara department, passing by El Nispero and San Jeronimo municipalities of this department.