hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Konica Minolta Dimage A2
The Konica Minolta DiMAGE A2 is a digital bridge camera which was manufactured by Konica Minolta, announced at the Photo Marketing Association exposition on February 12, 2004 as the flagship of Konica Minolta's fixed-lens DiMAGE digital camera line. It was similar to and succeeded the Minolta DiMAGE A1 (2003) and was supplemented by the DiMAGE A200 (2004) prior to Konica Minolta selling off its camera division to Sony in 2006.

Minolta Dimage A1
The Minolta DiMAGE A1 is a 5 megapixel bridge digital camera with electronic viewfinder manufactured by Minolta. It was introduced in July 2003, replacing the Minolta Dimage 7 series.  It was the first Minolta product to incorporate the Anti-Shake system, a built-in image stabilization system.

Unlike the DiMAGE 7-series cameras which use four AA batteries or an external battery pack connection, the DiMAGE A1 uses a newly introduced battery cell designated Minolta NP-400. A key feature of it is a long battery life. (The NP-400 is also used with the final Konica Minolta DSLRs, the Dynax 7D/5D).

This was the final Minolta-badged bridge camera product before the Konica Minolta merger. The DiMAGE A1 was succeeded by the DiMAGE A2 in March 2004 (as the first Konica Minolta-badged product), with an 8-megapixel CCD sensor.
Jebel Musa (Morocco)
Jebel Musa (Arabic: جبل موسى, Jabal Mūsā; Berber languages: Adrar n Musa; meaning "Mount Moses") is a mountain in the northernmost part of Morocco, on the African side of the Strait of Gibraltar. It is part of the Rif mountain chain. The mountain is claimed by some to be the southern Pillar of Hercules, Mons Abila (Mount Abila or Abyla).

Pillars of Hercules
The Pillars of Hercules are the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The northern Pillar, Calpe Mons, is the Rock of Gibraltar. A corresponding North African peak not being predominant, the identity of the southern Pillar, Abila Mons, has been disputed throughout history, with the two most likely candidates being Monte Hacho in Ceuta and Jebel Musa in Morocco.  The term was applied in antiquity: Pliny the Elder included the Pillars of Hercules in his Naturalis historia (Book III:3).
Fisher's principle
Fisher's principle is an evolutionary model that explains why the sex ratio of most species that produce offspring through sexual reproduction is approximately 1:1 between males and females. A. W. F. Edwards has remarked that it is "probably the most celebrated argument in evolutionary biology".

Fisher's principle was outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (but has been incorrectly attributed as original to Fisher). Fisher couched his argument in terms of parental expenditure, and predicted that parental expenditure on both sexes should be equal. Sex ratios that are 1:1 are hence known as "Fisherian", and those that are not 1:1 are "non-Fisherian" or "extraordinary" and occur because they break the assumptions made in Fisher's model.

Parental investment
Parental investment, in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, is any parental expenditure (e.g. time, energy, resources) that benefits offspring. Parental investment may be performed by both males and females (called biparental care), females alone (exclusive maternal care) or males alone (exclusive paternal care). Care can be provided at any stage of the offspring's life, from prenatal (e.g. egg guarding and incubation in birds, and placental nourishment in mammals) to postnatal (e.g. food provisioning and protection of offspring).

Parental investment theory, a term coined by Robert Trivers in 1972, predicts that the sex that invests more in its offspring will be more selective when choosing a mate, and the less-invested sex will have intra-sexual competition for access to mates. This theory has been influential in explaining sex differences in sexual selection and mate preferences throughout the animal kingdom and in humans.
Shamsiah Fakeh
Shamsiah Fakeh (1924 – 20 October 2008) was a Malaysian nationalist and feminist. She was the leader of Angkatan Wanita Sedar (AWAS), Malaysia's first nationalist women organisation and a prominent Malay leader of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). She was the grandmother of Jamaliah Jamaluddin, Member of the Selangor State Executive Council and Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly for Bandar Utama.

Jamaliah Jamaluddin
Jamaliah Jamaluddin (born 16 March 1989; Jawi: جمالية جمال الدين; Chinese: 嘉玛莉亚; pinyin: Jiāmǎ Lìyà) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Selangor State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under Menteri Besar Amirudin Shari since August 2023 and Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bandar Utama since May 2018. She is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition, presently the youngest Selangor EXCO Member and one of the only two female Selangor EXCO Members alongside Anfaal Saari.
Southern Heights Light Railway
The Southern Heights Light Railway (SHLR) was to have been a speculative London area suburban electric railway between Orpington, Kent and Sanderstead, Surrey. It was authorised in 1928 under the Light Railways Act 1896, but ultimately not constructed. The engineer was to have been Colonel Holman Fred Stephens, heavily involved in the promotion of light railways.

H. F. Stephens
Colonel Holman Fred Stephens (31 October 1868 – 23 October 1931) was a British light railway civil engineer and manager. He was engaged in engineering and building, and later managing, 16 light railways in England and Wales.
Vats Municipality
Vats is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 123.7-square-kilometre (47.8 sq mi) municipality existed from 1891 until its dissolution in 1965. The area is now part of Vindafjord Municipality in the traditional district of Haugaland. The administrative centre was the village of Vats.

Prior to its dissolution in 1965, the 123.7-square-kilometre (47.8 sq mi) municipality was the 397th largest by area out of the 525 municipalities in Norway. Vats Municipality was the 477th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,126. The municipality's population density was 9.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (24/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 7.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Vats, Rogaland
Vats is a village in Vindafjord Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located in the traditional district of Haugalandet between the southern end of the lake Vatsvatnet and the northern end of the Vatsfjorden.  t sits about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of the village of Sandeid and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of the village of Skjold. The small Elleflåt farm lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest. Vats Church is located in this village.

The village area is an important industrial location. The oil platforms Statfjord, Gullfaks and Troll were all built here. The Norwegian computer and software company Hatteland Group responsible for the AutoStore system is also headquartered in the village.
Petit lac Jacques-Cartier
The Petit lac Jacques-Cartier is a freshwater body that flows into the rivière Jacques-Cartier Sud, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province from Quebec, in Canada.

Petit lac Jacques-Cartier is located in the Jacques-Cartier National Park.

This small valley is served by some secondary roads serving this area for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Petit Lac Jacques-Cartier is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Rivière Jacques-Cartier Sud
The Jacques-Cartier South River is a tributary of the rivière Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada. The course of the river passes in particular in the Jacques-Cartier National Park. The head water is Petit lac Jacques-Cartier.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the "rivière Jacques-Cartier Sud" (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March.
JNR Class D50
The Class D50 is a type of 2-8-2 "Mikado" type steam locomotive built by the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the Japanese National Railways (JNR) and various manufacturers from 1923 to 1931. The class name indicates that the locomotive has four sets of driving wheels (D) and belongs to one of the classes of tender locomotive allocated a number in the series 50 to 99 in the Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification scheme of 1928. Hideo Shima designed the rest of the class until 1931.

The design of the D50 was based on the JNR Class 9600 which was introduced in 1916. A total of 380 Class D50 locomotives were built. Between 1951 and 1956 78 were rebuilt to JNR Class D60 2-8-4 Berkshire’s by the JNR. This class would later form the JNR Class D51.

JNR Class D51
The Class D51 (D51形) is a type of 2-8-2 steam locomotive operated by the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) and later by the Japanese National Railways (JNR). Designed by JGR's chief mechanical engineer Hideo Shima, they were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Kisha Seizo, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyo, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and JGR's factories from 1936 to 1945.

Although surpassed in speed, power, and size by other locomotives, it is recognised as the most mass-manufactured locomotive in Japanese rail history. A total of 174 units are preserved in Japan, including five operational examples. An additional 6 are preserved in Russia and Taiwan, bringing the total number of preserved units to 180.
Sunderland A.F.C.
Sunderland Association Football Club is a professional football club based in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of the English football league system.

Formed in 1879, the club has won six top-flight titles (1892, 1893, 1895, 1902, 1913, and 1936) in the First Division, and finished runners-up five times. The club has also won the FA Cup twice (1937 and 1973), and been runners-up twice (1913 and 1992), and won the FA Charity Shield in 1936. They were also Football League Cup finalists in 1985 and 2014.

Nicknamed the Black Cats, Sunderland play home games at the 49,000-capacity Stadium of Light, having moved from Roker Park in 1997. The club has a fierce long-standing rivalry with nearby Newcastle United, with whom the Tyne–Wear derby has been contested since 1898. They play in red and white-striped shirts and black shorts.

Roker Park
Roker Park was a football ground in Roker, Sunderland, England, which was the home of Sunderland from 1898 to 1997, before the club moved to the Stadium of Light. Its final capacity was around 22,500, with only a small part being seated; it had been much higher, attracting a record crowd of 75,118.
Izbište
Izbište (Serbian Cyrillic: Избиште, pronounced [ǐzbiːʃtɛ]; Hungarian: Izbistye) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Vršac municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (86.74%) and its population is 1,464 according to the 2011 census.

Vršac
Vršac (Serbian Cyrillic: Вршац, pronounced [ʋr̩̂ʃat͡s]) is a city in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2022, the city urban area had a population of 31,946, while the city administrative area had 45,462 inhabitants. It is located in the geographical region of Banat.
Miss World 1973
Miss World 1973 was the 23rd edition of the Miss World pageant, held on 23 November 1973 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom. 54 delegates vied for the crown won by Marjorie "Marji" Wallace of United States. She was crowned by Belinda Green of Australia. Wallace won £7,200 in prize money for the first-place result.

Miss World
Miss World is the oldest existing international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has chaired the pageant. Along with Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The current Miss World is Suchata Chuangsri of Thailand who was crowned on 31 May 2025 in Hyderabad, India.
ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
The ABC Chinese–English Dictionary or ABC Dictionary (1996), compiled under the chief editorship of John DeFrancis, is the first Chinese dictionary to collate entries in single-sort alphabetical order of pinyin romanization, and a landmark in the history of Chinese lexicography. It was also the first publication in the University of Hawaiʻi Press's "ABC" (Alphabetically Based Computerized) series of Chinese dictionaries. They republished the ABC Chinese–English Dictionary in a pocket edition (1999) and desktop reference edition (2000), as well as the expanded ABC Chinese–English Comprehensive Dictionary (2003), and dual ABC English–Chinese, Chinese–English Dictionary (2010). Furthermore, the ABC Dictionary databases have been developed into computer applications such as Wenlin Software for learning Chinese (1997).

Chinese dictionary
There are two types of dictionaries regularly used in the Chinese language: 'character dictionaries' (字典; zìdiǎn) list individual Chinese characters, and 'word dictionaries' (辞典; 辭典; cídiǎn) list words and phrases. Because tens of thousands of characters have been used in written Chinese, Chinese lexicographers have developed a number of methods to order and sort characters to facilitate more convenient reference.

Chinese dictionaries have been published for over two millennia, beginning in the Han dynasty. This is the longest lexicographical history of any language. In addition to works for standard Chinese, beginning with the 1st-century CE Fangyan dictionaries also been created for the many varieties of Chinese. One of the most influential Chinese dictionaries ever published was the Kangxi Dictionary, finished in 1716 during the Qing dynasty, with the list of 214 Kangxi radicals it popularized are still widely used.
Charlotte White
Charlotte White (July 13, 1782 – December 25, 1863), also known as Charlotte Atlee and Charlotte Rowe, was the first American woman appointed as a missionary and sent to a foreign country.  She was sponsored by the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions and arrived in British India in 1816.  She married Joshua Rowe, an English missionary, and had three children while in India. The couple oversaw the management of several schools and a Hindi-speaking church. After Rowe's death in 1823, White continued her work without any financial assistance from missionary societies. She left India in 1826 for England and in 1829 returned to the United States where she worked as an educator.

International Ministries (organization)
International Ministries is an international Baptist Christian missionary society. It is a constituent board affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA. The headquarters is in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Nissan Livina
The Nissan Livina is a compact MPV model produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan. It was introduced in July 2006 by Dongfeng Nissan at the Guangzhou International Motor Show and went on sale in December 2006. Sharing the same platform with the first-generation Note, the first-generation Livina was the first Nissan vehicle to debut in China before being released in other countries.

The first-generation Livina was available in two body lengths, with the longer one designed to accommodate three-row seating. It was built in Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, South Africa, China and Taiwan. The second-generation Livina that was introduced in February 2019 is a three-row-only model based on the Mitsubishi Xpander, and as of 2022, is only available in Indonesia and the Philippines.

Mitsubishi Xpander
The Mitsubishi Xpander is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors since 2017. Prominently marketed as a "crossover MPV", the vehicle was introduced in July 2017 in Indonesia, where the vehicle was manufactured and sold as a high-volume model. Introductions in other markets started since 2018, and the vehicle is mainly sold in emerging countries in Southeast Asia along with several Latin American, African and Middle Eastern markets. It was the fourth best-selling Mitsubishi Motors model globally in 2018 and 2019, and became its third best-selling model in 2021.

In late 2019, a more rugged-looking variant was introduced as the Xpander Cross. A rebadged and redesigned variant of the Xpander, with mainly different front and rear fascias, is sold by Nissan as the second-generation Livina since February 2019.
Left Front (West Bengal)
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplobi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.

The Left Front ruled the state of West Bengal for 34 years in seven consecutive terms 1977–2011, five with Jyoti Basu as Chief Minister and two under Buddhadev Bhattacharya. The CPI(M) is the dominant force in the alliance. In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and left office. As of 2016 Biman Bose is the Chairman of the West Bengal Left Front Committee.

Biplobi Bangla Congress
Biplobi Bangla Congress (BBC; transl. Revolutionary Bangla Congress) is a political party in West Bengal, India. The party emerged as a splinter group of the Bangla Congress party ahead of the 1971 West Bengal elections. The party was founded by Sukumar Roy, a prominent member of Bangla Congress. It is now a part of the Left Front.
DMC-College Foundation
The DMC-College Foundation, Inc. (DMC-CFI), also known as DMC De La Salle, supervised by De La Salle Brothers, is a paramedical institution of the province of Zamboanga del Norte. It is situated in suburban Dipolog and occupies 22,500 square meters of land area. Its sprawling expanse contains several buildings which include the DMC Hospital and its laboratories, the four-storey Basic Education and School of Hotel Restaurant and Institution Management Building, the six-room IT Center, the four-storey Nursing Building with the Nursing Arts Center on the fourth floor and on the top floor the campus radio 100.5 Radyo Natin Dipolog (formerly 100.5 Hot FM Dipolog) and the library which covers the entire ground floor, the Arts and Sciences building with separate structures for a Zoology lab, the cafeteria, and the DMC Covered Court for sports and other activities.

De La Salle Supervised Schools
The De La Salle Supervised Schools is a network of Lasallian private schools in the Philippines under the wing of the Lasallian Schools Supervision Services Association, Inc. (LASSSAI) through its mission arm, the Lasallian Schools Supervision Office (LASSO).
Battle of Fort Dearborn
The Battle of Fort Dearborn (sometimes called the Fort Dearborn Massacre) was an engagement between United States troops, militia and Miami native auxiliaries, against Potawatomi Native Americans that took place on August 15, 1812, near Fort Dearborn, then part of Illinois Territory in the Chicago area. The battle, part of the War of 1812, followed the evacuation of the fort ordered by the commander of the United States Army of the Northwest, William Hull. The battle lasted about 15 minutes and resulted in a complete victory for the Native Americans. After the battle, Fort Dearborn was burned down. Some of the soldiers and settlers who had been taken captive were later ransomed.

Following the battle, the federal government became convinced that all Indians had to be removed from the territory and the vicinity of any settlements, as settlers continued to migrate to the area. The fort was later rebuilt in 1816.

Fort Dearborn
Fort Dearborn was a United States fort, first built in 1803 beside the Chicago River, in what is now Chicago, Illinois. It was constructed by U.S. troops under Captain John Whistler and named in honor of Henry Dearborn, then United States Secretary of War. The original fort was destroyed following the Battle of Fort Dearborn during the War of 1812, and a replacement Fort Dearborn was constructed on the same site in 1816 and decommissioned by 1837.

Parts of the fort were lost to the widening of the Chicago River in 1855, and a fire in 1857. The last vestiges of Fort Dearborn were destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The site of the fort is now a Chicago Landmark, located in the Michigan–Wacker Historic District, at the southern end of the DuSable Michigan Avenue Bridge.
William Iron Arm
William of Hauteville (died 1046), better known by his nickname, William Iron Arm, was a Norman military leader and the first Count of Apulia. He initiated the series of fortunes of the House of Hauteville.

County of Apulia and Calabria
The County of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Comitatus Apuliae et Calabriae), later the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Ducatus Apuliae et Calabriae), was a Norman state founded by William of Hauteville in 1043, composed of the territories of Gargano, Capitanata, Apulia, Vulture, and most of Campania. It became a duchy when Robert Guiscard was raised to the rank of duke by Pope Nicholas II in 1059.

The duchy was disestablished in 1130, when the last duke of Apulia and Calabria, Roger II, became King of Sicily. The title of duke was thereafter used intermittently as a title for the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Sicily.
Capoeta kaput
Capoeta kaput is a species of algae eating scrapers discovered in 2019. Known locally as the Blue Aras scraper, this rare species prefers large rivers. It has not been evaluated by the IUCN yet but may need protection. The freshwater fish primarily inhabits rivers of the Araxes basin in Asia, and has been found so far in at least Armenia, Iran and Turkey. C. kaput can be distinguished by several physical markers, such as its nine dorsal branched rays (other species in the genus typically have eight), a larger number of vertebrae than most other species in the genus, and it is about 262 mm (10.3 in) in length. The species has been discovered recently enough that it's been the subject of relatively little research.

Capoeta
Capoeta, also known as scrapers, is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Western Asia. The distribution extends from Turkey to the Levant, to Transcaucasia, Iraq, Turkmenistan, in Armenia, particularly in lake Sevan and northern Afghanistan. This genus is most closely related to Luciobarbus and in itself is divided into three morphologically, biogeographically and genetically distinct groups or clades: the Mesopotamian clade, the Anatolian-Iranian clade and the Aralo-Caspian clade. The Mesopotamian clade was split off to Paracapoeta in 2022.