hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glocester, Rhode Island
Glocester, otherwise officially called the Town of Glocester, Rhode Island, is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 9,974 as of the 2020 census. The villages of Chepachet and Harmony are in Glocester. Putnam Pike (U.S. Route 44) runs west through the town center of Glocester into Putnam, Connecticut.

Chepachet, Rhode Island
Chepachet is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Glocester in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Rhode Island.  It is centered at the intersection of U.S. Route 44 (a.k.a. Putnam Pike) and Rhode Island Route 102 (also known as Victory Highway and Chopmist Hill Road). Chepachet's ZIP code is 02814. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 1,675.
Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia
Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia (Russian: Великая Княжна Екатерина Михайловна) (28 August 1827 – 12 May 1894), was the third of five daughters of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia (youngest son of Emperor Paul I) and Princess Charlotte of Württemberg (known as Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna after marriage). She was also the wife of Duke Georg August of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

She was a philanthropist and many of the organisations she supported and helped to create still operate today.

Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia
Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia (Russian: Михаи́л Па́влович; 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1798 – 9 September [O.S. 28 August] 1849) was a Russian grand duke, the tenth child and fourth son of Paul I of Russia and his second wife, Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, who took the name Maria Feodorovna. He was the younger brother of two Tsars, Alexander I and Nicholas I, and the disputed Tsar Konstantin I.
July 1944 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Thursday, July 6, 1944, with an umbral magnitude of −0.4398. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2.8 days before perigee (on July 8, 1944, at 23:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This eclipse was the second of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 1944, with the others occurring on February 9, August 4, and December 29.

August 1944 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, August 4, 1944, with an umbral magnitude of −0.4758. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 1.5 days before perigee (on August 5, 1944, at 23:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This eclipse was the third of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 1944, with the others occurring on February 9, July 6, and December 29.
Edwardian architecture
Edwardian architecture usually refers to a Neo-Baroque architectural style that was popular for public buildings in the British Empire during the Edwardian era (1901–1910). Architecture up to 1914 is commonly included in this style.

It can also be used to mean various styles in middle-class housing, including relaxed versions of Arts and Crafts architecture.

Baroque Revival architecture
The Baroque Revival, also known as Neo-Baroque (or Second Empire architecture in France and Wilhelminism in Germany), was an architectural style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term is used to describe architecture and architectural sculptures which display important aspects of Baroque style, but are not of the original Baroque period. Elements of the Baroque architectural tradition were an essential part of the curriculum of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the pre-eminent school of architecture in the second half of the 19th century, and are integral to the Beaux-Arts architecture it engendered both in France and abroad. 
An ebullient sense of European imperialism encouraged an official architecture to reflect it in Britain and France, and in Germany and Italy the Baroque Revival expressed pride in the new power of the unified state.
SS Baltic (1871)
SS Baltic was an Oceanic-class ocean liner that was built in 1871 for the White Star Line. She was one of the first four ships ordered by White Star from shipbuilders Harland & Wolff after Thomas Ismay bought the company, and the third ship of the Oceanic class to be delivered. In 1888 Holland America Line bought her, and renamed her Veendam. In 1898 she struck a submerged wreck and sank, but with no loss of life.

Oceanic-class ocean liner
The Oceanic class were a group of six ocean liners built by Harland & Wolff at Belfast, for the White Star Line, for the transatlantic service. They were the company's first generation of steamships to serve the North Atlantic passenger trade, entering service between 1871 and 1872.

The class consisted of two groups, the first four ships were:

SS Oceanic

SS Atlantic

SS Baltic

SS Republic

These were followed by two further ships of similar design which were slightly larger than the first four, these were:

SS Adriatic

SS Celtic

The class has been hailed as a landmark in the development of ocean liner design. One member of the class, Atlantic, was lost early on in her career in a disaster which claimed the lives of more than 500 people; the remainder of the class however had long and successful careers.
Coagh ambush
The Coagh ambush was a military engagement that took place on 3 June 1991 in Coagh, County Tyrone, during The Troubles in Northern Ireland. A Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) active service unit from the East Tyrone Brigade, which had been en route to attack a part-time member of the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR), was ambushed by the British Army's Special Air Service (SAS). All three IRA members were killed in the 'hard arrest' operation.

Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade
The East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), also known as the Tyrone/Monaghan Brigade was one of the most active republican paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland during "the Troubles". It is believed to have drawn its membership from across the eastern side of County Tyrone as well as north County Monaghan and south County Londonderry.
Kashubians
The Kashubians (Kashubian: Kaszëbi; Polish: Kaszubi; German: Kaschuben), also known as Cassubians or Kashubs, are a Lechitic (West Slavic) indigenous people native to the historical region of Pomerania, including its eastern part called Pomerelia, in north-central Poland. Their settlement area is referred to as Kashubia. They speak the Kashubian language, which is classified as a separate language closely related to Polish.

The Kashubs are closely related to the Poles and sometimes classified as their subgroup. Moreover, the vast majority of Kashubians declare themselves as Poles and many of them have a Polish-Kashubian identity. The Kashubs are grouped with the Slovincians as Pomeranians. Similarly, the Slovincian (now extinct) and Kashubian languages are grouped as Pomeranian languages, with Slovincian (also known as Łeba Kashubian) either a distinct language closely related to Kashubian, or a Kashubian dialect.

Slovincians
Slovincians (Polish: Słowińcy), also known as Łeba Kashubians, is a near-extinct ethnic subgroup of the Kashubian people, who originated from the north western Kashubia, located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, from the area around the lakes of Łebsko and Gardno. In the aftermath of World War II, Slovincians emigrated en masse to Germany, with the last families emigrating there in the 1980s. They originally spoke the Slovincian language, which went extinct in the early 20th century, as well as Kashubian, Polish, German and Low German.
Abramowitz and Stegun
Abramowitz and Stegun (AS) is the informal name of a 1964 mathematical reference work edited by Milton Abramowitz and Irene Stegun of the United States National Bureau of Standards (NBS), now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Its full title is Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables.  A digital successor to the Handbook was released as the "Digital Library of Mathematical Functions" (DLMF) on 11 May 2010, along with a printed version, the NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions, published by Cambridge University Press.

Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
The Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (DLMF) is an online project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop a database of mathematical reference data for special functions and their applications. It is intended as an update of Abramowitz's and Stegun's Handbook of Mathematical Functions (A&S). It was published online on 7 May 2010, though some chapters appeared earlier. In the same year it appeared at Cambridge University Press under the title NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions.

In contrast to A&S, whose initial print run was done by the U.S. Government Printing Office and was in the public domain, NIST asserts that it holds copyright to the DLMF under Title 17 USC 105 of the U.S. Code.
Yeedle Werdyger
Yehudah "Yeedle" Werdyger (born 1971) is an American Hasidic Jewish singer. He is the son of singer Mordechai Werdyger (stage name: Mordechai Ben David, MBD) and grandson of the cantor David Werdyger.

Yeedle (יידל) is a Yiddish diminutive of the Hebrew name Yehudah (יהודה‎)

Mordechai Ben David
Mordechai Werdyger (Hebrew: מרדכי וורדיוגר; born April 16, 1951) is an American Israeli Hasidic Jewish singer and songwriter who performs under the stage name Mordechai Ben David (Hebrew: מרדכי בן דוד, romanized: Mordocháy Ben-Davíd, lit. 'Mordechai, son of David') or simply MBD. He has released over 46 albums while performing internationally. He has headlined at charity concerts, especially those of HASC and Ohel.
Vespula austriaca
Vespula austriaca is an obligate parasitic wasp, parasitizing the nests of other species in the genus Vespula in the Old World. Its common host species include V. rufa in Europe, Japan, and East Siberia.V. austriaca wasps pollinate orchids.

In some literature, V. austriaca is mentioned under the common name "Cuckoo wasp", but this should not be confused with the family Chrysididae, which have the same common name.

Vespula rufa
Vespula rufa, commonly known as the red wasp, is a social wasp species belonging to the genus Vespula. It is found in northern and central Europe and parts of Asia. Vespula rufa is characterised by red-brown markings and body segmentation, with the appearance varying amongst the different roles of individuals in the species. These wasps build small nests in dry banks underground that are not far below the surface. The colony cycle begins in the fall. Vespula rufa feed on live insects. One interesting fact about Vespula rufa is that the queen policing occurs in the species, and that worker policing occurs at much lower rates than other species in the genus Vespula. There are predators and parasites of the species. The species goes through a series of events before leaving the nest.
Domitia (aunt of Messalina)
Domitia (c. 8 BC–June 59) was the oldest child of Antonia Major and Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and the oldest granddaughter to triumvir Mark Antony by Octavia Minor, a great-niece of the Roman Emperor Augustus, first cousin once removed to the Emperor Caligula (as well as his brother-in-law's sister), first cousin to the Emperor Claudius, maternal aunt to the Empress Valeria Messalina, and paternal aunt to Emperor Nero.

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (father of Nero)
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (c. 2 BC – c. 40 AD) was a member of the imperial Julio-Claudian dynasty of Ancient Rome. Domitius was the son of Antonia Major (daughter of emperor Augustus' sister Octavia Minor and her second husband Mark Antony). He married Agrippina the Younger and became the father of the emperor Nero.
Pennsylvania Railroad 460
Pennsylvania Railroad 460, nicknamed the "Lindbergh Engine", is a preserved E6s class 4-4-2 "Atlantic" type steam locomotive now located in the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, outside of Strasburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was built in August 1914 and became famous after racing an aircraft to New York City carrying newsreels of Charles Lindbergh's return to the United States after his transatlantic flight in 1927. In the late 1930s, No. 460 was operated by the Long Island Rail Road, and by the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines in the early 1950s, before being retired on January 11, 1956. No. 460 is the only surviving locomotive of its class and was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1979. From 2010 to 2016, No. 460 underwent cosmetic restoration at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania Railroad class E6
The Pennsylvania Railroad Class E6 was the final type of 4-4-2 "Atlantic" locomotive built for the company, and second only to the Milwaukee Road's streamlined class A in size, speed and power. Although quickly replaced on the fastest trains by the larger K4s Pacifics, the E6 remained a popular locomotive on lesser services and some lasted until the end of steam on the PRR. One, #460, called the Lindbergh Engine, is preserved at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania.
It was moved indoors to begin preparations for restoration on March 17, 2010. On January 10, 2011, PRR #460 was moved to the museum's restoration shop for a two- to three-year project, estimated to cost $350,000. The engine is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Andy Jankowiak
Andrew Jankowiak (born March 10, 1988) is an American racing driver who competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 71 Chevrolet for KLAS Motorsports. He has also previously competed in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.

Andy Seuss
Andrew T. Seuss (born March 15, 1987) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. As a driver, he won two consecutive championships in 2014 and 2015 in the NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour, and also competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, NASCAR Truck Series, Whelen Modified Tour, ARCA Menards Series and what is now the ARCA Menards Series East. As an owner, he owns KLAS Motorsports, which fields the No. 71 car part-time in the ARCA Menards Series for Andy Jankowiak.
Carlo Ponti
Carlo Fortunato Pietro Ponti Sr. Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (11 December 1912 – 10 January 2007) was an Italian film producer with more than 140 productions to his credit. Along with Dino De Laurentiis, he is credited with reinvigorating  and popularizing Italian cinema post-World War II, producing some of the country's most acclaimed and financially-successful films of the 1950s and 1960s.

Ponti worked with many of the most important directors of Italian cinema of the era, including Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Vittorio De Sica, as well as many international directors such as Agnès Varda and David Lean. He helped launch the career of his wife, international film star Sophia Loren. He won the Academy Award for Best Foreign-Language Film for La Strada (1954) and was nominated for Best Picture for producing Doctor Zhivago (1965). In 1996, he was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

Dino De Laurentiis
Agostino "Dino" De Laurentiis (Italian: [ˈdiːno de lauˈrɛnti.is]; 8 August 1919 – 10 November 2010) was an Italian film producer and businessman who held both Italian and American citizenship. Following a brief acting career in the late 1930s and early 1940s, he moved into film production; alongside Carlo Ponti, he brought Italian cinema to the international scene in the post-World War II period.

He produced or co-produced over 500 films, with 38 of his Hollywood films receiving Academy Award nominations. He was also the creator and operator of DDL Foodshow, a chain of Italian specialty foods stores.
Cohort (military unit)
A cohort (from the Latin cohors, pl.: cohortes; see wikt:cohors for full inflection table) was a standard tactical military unit of a Roman legion. Although the standard size changed with time and situation, it was generally composed of 480 soldiers. A cohort is considered to be the equivalent of a modern military battalion. The cohort was the most important tactical unit in the Roman army. They could operate independently and offered flexibility and maneuverability, allowing the legions to quickly adapt to different combat situations. The cohort replaced the maniple. From the late second century BC and until the middle of the third century AD, ten cohorts (about 5,000 men total) made up a legion. Cohorts were named "first cohort", "second cohort", etc. The first cohort consisted of experienced legionaries, while the legionaries in the tenth cohort were less experienced.

Maniple (military unit)
Maniple (Latin: manipulus; lit. 'a handful [of soldiers]') was a tactical unit of the Roman Republican armies, adopted during the Samnite Wars (343–290 BC). It was also the name of the military insignia carried by such units.

Maniple members, called commanipulares (sg.: commanipularis) were seen as each other's brothers-in-arms, but without the domestic closeness of the eight-man contubernium.

Cohorts replaced maniples as organisational units.
Knull
Knull (/nʌl/) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with Venom and Carnage. He was later retroactively established as an unseen enemy of Thor and the Silver Surfer, as he was behind Gorr the God Butcher's mission to hunt down and kill various deities, in addition to having come into conflict with the Silver Surfer via a temporal black hole through time. The character is depicted as an evil deity who created the weapon known as All-Black the Necrosword and the alien races known as the Klyntar/Symbiotes and Exolons, reigning over them as the King in Black. The character would go on to play a more important role in the Marvel Universe, in particular over the event series of the same name.

Knull has been described as one of Marvel's most powerful supervillains. Knull made his live-action feature film debut in the Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) film Venom: The Last Dance, portrayed by Andy Serkis.

Gorr the God Butcher
Gorr the God Butcher is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Jason Aaron and Esad Ribic, Gorr first appeared in Thor: God of Thunder #2 (January 2013). Gorr the God Butcher has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful supervillains, as well as one of Thor's greatest foes.

The character made his live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), portrayed by Christian Bale.
Arts and Industries Building
The Arts and Industries Building is the second oldest (after The Castle) of the Smithsonian museums on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Initially named the National Museum, it was built to provide the Smithsonian with its first proper facility for public display of its growing collections. The building, designed by architects Adolf Cluss and Paul Schulze, opened in 1881, hosting an inaugural ball for President James A. Garfield. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971. After being closed since 2004 for repair and renovation, the building reopened in 2021 with a special exhibition, Futures.

Smithsonian Institution Building
The Smithsonian Institution Building, more commonly known as the Smithsonian Castle or simply The Castle, is a building on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., housing the Smithsonian Institution's administrative offices and information center. Built as the first Smithsonian museum building, it is constructed of Seneca red sandstone in the Norman Revival style (a recalling of a 12th-century combination of late Romanesque and early Gothic motifs; built in the Gothic and Romanesque revival styles). It was completed in 1855 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.
Svelvik
Svelvikⓘ [ˈsvæ̀ɽviːk] is a town in Drammen Municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The town is located along the west shore of the Drammensfjorden, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southeast of the town of Drammen and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of the village of Berger. The village of Klokkarstua (in Asker Municipality) lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the east, across the fjord.

The 2.33-square-kilometre (580-acre) town has a population (2023) of 4,256 and a population density of 1,825 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,730/sq mi). The town lies mostly in Drammen Municipality, but a small part of the urban area of Svelvik lies on the other side of the fjord (which is only 200 metres (660 ft) wide at that point). About 130 people live right across the fjord in Asker Municipality.

The newspaper Svelviksposten has been published in Svelvik since 1983.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
North Carolina Highway 115
North Carolina Highway 115 (NC 115) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 21 in North Charlotte north through Mecklenburg, Iredell and Wilkes counties. Its northern terminus is at its intersection with US 421 Business, NC 18 and NC 268 in North Wilkesboro.

North Carolina Highway 268
North Carolina Highway 268 (NC 268) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  It connects many communities as it traverses through the northwestern North Carolina mountains and foothills.
Buckingham, Quebec
Buckingham is a former town located in the Outaouais region in the western portion of the province of Quebec, Canada. Since January 1, 2002, it has been part of the amalgamated city of Gatineau, which merged five former municipalities, including Masson-Angers, Buckingham, Hull, Aylmer and Gatineau, into a single entity. According to the 2021 Census, the population of the sector was 12,795.

Masson-Angers
Masson-Angers is a former municipality and now a sector within the city of Gatineau. It is located on the north shore of the Ottawa River, in Quebec, Canada, approximately 30 km (18.6 mi) northeast of downtown Ottawa, Ontario. According to the Canada 2011 Census, Masson-Angers had a population of 12,397.
Mountain View–Los Altos Union High School District
The Mountain View–Los Altos Union High School District (MVLA) is a school district serving high school students in Mountain View, Los Altos, and Los Altos Hills, California. The elementary and middle school students in the region are served by the Mountain View Whisman School District and Los Altos School District.

Mountain View, California
Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains, the population was 82,376 at the 2020 census.

Mountain View was integral to the early history and growth of Silicon Valley, and is the location of many high technology companies. In 1956, William Shockley established Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in Silicon Valley. Mountain View houses the headquarters of many of the world's largest technology companies, including Google and Alphabet Inc., Intuit, NASA Ames Research Center, and former or existing headquarters for Symantec, 23andMe, LinkedIn, Samsung, Quora and Synopsys.