hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James H. Ware
James Hutchinson Ware (October 27, 1941 – April 26, 2016) was an American biostatistician and the Frederick Mosteller Professor of Biostatistics and Associate Dean for Clinical and Translational Science at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.  He had been Academic Dean for 19 years (1990-2009) under Deans Harvey Fineberg and Barry Bloom and served as Acting Dean from 1997 to 1998, as Harvey Fineberg assumed the position of Provost of Harvard University. During Ware's 19-year tenure as academic dean (1990-2009), the student the School's student body doubled in size and its research budget grew at an annual rate of eight percent.  Ware was a co-investigator in the landmark Six Cities Study of Air Pollution and Health, which has had a profound effect on Clean Air Act regulations in the U.S. and efforts to limit air pollution around the world.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school at Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. It was named after Hong Kong entrepreneur Chan Tseng-hsi in 2014 following a US$350 million donation, the largest in Harvard's history at the time.

The school grew out of the Harvard–MIT School for Health Officers, the country's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.
Macromedia
Macromedia, Inc. was an American graphics, multimedia, and web development software company headquartered in San Francisco, California, that made products such as Flash and Dreamweaver. It was purchased by its rival Adobe Systems on December 3, 2005.

Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich internet applications, desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games, and embedded web browser video players.
JSTOR
JSTOR (/ˈdʒeɪstɔːr/ JAY-stor; short for Journal Storage) is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources founded in 1994. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of journals in the humanities and social sciences. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals. Most access is by subscription but some of the site is public domain, and open access content is available free of charge. 
JSTOR is part of the non-profit US academic digital library and learning platform provider, Ithaka Harbors, Inc.

Ithaka Harbors
Ithaka Harbors, Inc. is an American not-for-profit, the parent company of digital library website JSTOR, the digital preservation service Portico, and the research and consulting group Ithaka S+R. Its stated mission is to "help the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways". Ithaka was founded in 2003 by Kevin M. Guthrie. Ithaka's total revenue was $105 million in 2019, most of it ($79 million) from JSTOR service fees.
Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven
Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven (c. 1580 – 4 April 1661) was a Scottish army officer. Born illegitimate and raised as a foster child, he subsequently advanced to the rank of field marshal in the Swedish Army and a major leader of the Thirty Years' War, and in Scotland became Lord General in command of the Army of the Covenanters, a privy councillor, captain of Edinburgh Castle, Lord Balgonie and Earl of Leven. In England he commanded the Army of the Solemn League and Covenant and was senior commander of the Army of Both Kingdoms (1642–1647). Leslie served in the Thirty Years' War, the Bishops' Wars, and most of the English Civil War, fighting primarily in the First English Civil War. Leslie would live a long life, dying roughly at the age of 80 or 81.

James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (19 June 1606 – 9 March 1649), known as the 3rd Marquess of Hamilton from March 1625 until April 1643, was a Scottish nobleman and influential political and military leader during the Thirty Years' War and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
Durag
A durag (alternate spellings)  is a close-fitting cloth tied around the top of the head to protect the hair; similarly a wave cap is a close-fitting cap for the same purpose. Durags may be worn to accelerate the development of long curly/kinky hair, waves or locks in the hair; to maintain natural oils in hair (similar to a bonnet); to stop hair breakage; to manage hair in general; or to keep hair, wave patterns and braids from shifting while sleeping. Durags are also worn as an identity-making fashion choice, popular in Black culture and African-American culture.

Waves (hairstyle)
Waves are a hairstyle for coily and curly hair in which the curls are brushed and/or combed and flattened out, creating a ripple-like pattern.

The hairstyle is achieved with a short-cropped haircut on top and frequent brushing and/or combing of the curls (which trains the curls to flatten out), as well as wearing a silky durag or a wave cap to add extra strength to flatten longer hair types. Wave pomades and moisturizers can help hold the hair in place while preventing the hair from getting too dry. A durag is worn to preserve moisture while compressing the hair and holding it in place to create the desired waves.

In the early 20th century, as many African-American men sought to style their hair with texture-altering products, "pomade hair moisturizer" waves became a popular hairstyle. Men produced waves by washing and brushing their hair then putting on their durags right after putting on their choice of moisturizer.
Elizabeth Islands
The Elizabeth Islands is an archipelago extending southwest from Cape Cod. They include over 20 small islands located at the outer edge of Buzzards Bay, north of Martha's Vineyard from which they are separated by Vineyard Sound. The Elizabeth Islands constitute the town of Gosnold in Dukes County, Massachusetts, based on the outermost island of Cuttyhunk, where most of the year-round population resides. All islands except for Cuttyhunk and Penikese are privately owned by the Forbes family.

Nonamesset Island
Nonamesset Island is the most easterly of the Elizabeth Islands of Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States. The island has a land area of 1.398 km2 (0.540 sq mi) or 345.5 acres) and was uninhabited as of the 2000 census. The island is part of the town of Gosnold, Massachusetts.

Painter Robert Swain Gifford was born on the island in 1840.
World Humanitarian Day
World Humanitarian Day is an international day dedicated to recognize humanitarian personnel and those who have died working for humanitarian causes. It was designated by the United Nations General Assembly as part of a Swedish-sponsored General Assembly Resolution on "Strengthening of the Coordination of Emergency Assistance of the United Nations," and designated 19 August as World Humanitarian Day for the purpose of "increasing public awareness about humanitarian assistance activities 
worldwide and the importance of international cooperation in this regard, as well as 
to honour all humanitarian and United Nations and associated personnel who have 
worked in the promotion of the humanitarian cause and those who have lost their 
lives in the cause of duty."

It marks the day on which the then Special Representative of the Secretary-General to Iraq, Sérgio Vieira de Mello and 21 of his colleagues were killed in the bombing of the UN Headquarters in Baghdad.

Canal Hotel bombing
The Canal Hotel bombing was a suicide truck bombing in Baghdad, Iraq, during the afternoon of 19 August 2003. It killed 23 people, including the United Nations' Special Representative in Iraq Sérgio Vieira de Mello, and wounded over 100, including human rights lawyer and political activist Amin Mekki Medani. The attack targeted the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq created just five days earlier. The attack resulted in the withdrawal within weeks of most of the 600 UN staff members from Iraq. These events were to have a profound and lasting impact on the UN's security practices globally.

The attack was followed by a suicide car bomb attack on 22 September 2003 near U.N. headquarters in Baghdad, killing a security guard and wounding 19 people.

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of terrorist organization Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, in April 2004 claimed responsibility for the 19 August blast.
Ogre Slayer
Ogre Slayer (Japanese: 鬼切丸, Hepburn: Onikirimaru) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kei Kusunoki. It was published in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Shōnen Sunday Zōkan (later Shōnen Sunday Super) from 1992 to 2001, with its chapters collected in 20 tankōbon volumes. It was adapted into a four-episode original video animation (OVA) released from 1994 to 1995. Both the manga and anime were distributed in North America by Viz Media; only two volumes of the manga were released. Another series, titled The Legend of Onikirimaru, was serialized from August 2013 to March 2025. It takes place in the Sengoku era and features a different lead character

Viz Media
Viz Media, LLC is an American entertainment company, focused on publishing manga, and distributing and licensing Japanese anime, films, and television series.

The company was founded in 1986 as Viz, LLC. In 2005, Viz and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current Viz Media, which is owned by Japanese publishing conglomerates Shueisha and Shogakukan, as well as Japanese production company Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions (ShoPro). In 2017, Viz Media was the largest publisher of graphic novels in the United States in the bookstore market, with a 23% share of the market.
St. Clair West station
St. Clair West is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It spans the block north of St. Clair Avenue West to Heath Street, between Bathurst Street and Tweedsmuir Avenue. The station serves the local communities of Forest Hill South, Humewood, Bracondale Hill and Casa Loma.

The addition of automatic sliding doors, accessible fare gates, and elevators made the station fully accessible in 2017.

Wilson station (Toronto)
Wilson is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the median of Allen Road at Wilson Avenue. The station is accessible, has commuter parking – including bike parking – and connects to many bus routes.
Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic.

False (logic)
In logic, false (Its noun form is falsity) or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value and is a nullary logical connective. In a truth-functional system of propositional logic, it is one of two postulated truth values, along with its negation, truth.  Usual notations of the false are 0 (especially in Boolean logic and computer science), O (in prefix notation, Opq), and the up tack symbol .

Another approach is used for several formal theories (e.g., intuitionistic propositional calculus), where a propositional constant (i.e. a nullary connective), , is introduced, the truth value of which being always false in the sense above. It can be treated as an absurd proposition, and is often called absurdity.
Surgery in ancient Rome
Ancient Roman surgical practices developed from Greek techniques. Roman surgeons and doctors usually learned through apprenticeships or studying. Ancient Roman doctors such as Galen and Celsus described Roman surgical techniques in their medical literature, such as De Medicina. These methods encompassed modern oral surgery, cosmetic surgery, sutures, ligatures, amputations, tonsillectomies, mastectomies, cataract surgeries, lithotomies, hernia repair, gynecology, neurosurgery, and others. Surgery was a rare practice, as it was dangerous and often had fatal results. To perform these procedures, they used tools such as specula, catheters, enemas, bone levers, osteotomes, phlebotomes, probes, curettes, bone drills, bone forceps, cupping vessels, knives, scalpels, scissors, and spathas.

Aulus Cornelius Celsus
Aulus Cornelius Celsus (c. 25 BC – c. 50 AD) was a Roman encyclopedist, known for his extant medical work, De Medicina, which is believed to be the only surviving section of a much larger encyclopedia. The De Medicina is a primary source on diet, pharmacy, surgery and related fields, and it is one of the best sources concerning medical knowledge in the Roman world. The lost portions of his encyclopedia likely included volumes on agriculture, law, rhetoric, and military arts. He made contributions to the classification of human skin disorders in  dermatology, such as myrmecia, and his name is often found in medical terminology regarding the skin, e.g., kerion celsi and area celsi. He is also the namesake of Paracelsus (lit. Above Celsus), a great Swiss alchemist and physician prevalent in the Medical Renaissance.
Kevin O'Neill (comics)
Kevin O'Neill ((1953-08-22)22 August 1953 – 3 November 2022) was an English comic book illustrator who was the co-creator of Nemesis the Warlock, Marshal Law (both with writer Pat Mills), and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (with Alan Moore).

Nemesis the Warlock
Nemesis the Warlock is a comic series created by writer Pat Mills and artist Kevin O'Neill which appeared in the pages of the British weekly comics anthology 2000 AD. The title character, a fire-breathing demonic alien, fights against the fanatical Torquemada, Grand Master of the Terran Empire in Earth's distant future, and his attempts to exterminate all alien life.
Julia Robinson
Julia Hall Bowman Robinson (December 8, 1919 – July 30, 1985) was an American mathematician noted for her contributions to the fields of computability theory and computational complexity theory—most notably in decision problems. Her work on Hilbert's tenth problem (now known as Matiyasevich's theorem or the MRDP theorem) played a crucial role in its ultimate resolution. Robinson was a 1983 MacArthur Fellow.

Yuri Matiyasevich
Yuri Vladimirovich Matiyasevich (Russian: Ю́рий Влади́мирович Матиясе́вич; born 2 March 1947 in Leningrad) is a Russian mathematician and computer scientist. He is best known for his negative solution of Hilbert's tenth problem (Matiyasevich's theorem), which was presented in his 1972 doctoral thesis at LOMI (the Leningrad Department of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics). He continued to work at that institute, becoming a professor there in 1995.
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Parks Police
The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Parks Police is a body of constables responsible for policing the parks and open spaces of the London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. In 2013, it was merged with the Hammersmith and Fulham Parks Constabulary to form the Parks Police Service. Then, in July 2019 The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Parks Police moved away from The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham Parks Constabulary, once again becoming a single service.

Hammersmith and Fulham Parks Constabulary
The Hammersmith and Fulham Parks Constabulary was a small constabulary responsible for policing the parks and open spaces of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. In 2013, it merged with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Parks Police to form the Parks Police Service.

In July 2019 the former Parks Police Service (formed in 2013 by the merger of Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Parks Police and Hammersmith and Fulham Parks Constabulary) was dissolved when once again Kensington & Chelsea and Hammersmith & Fulham each took responsibility for their own police service. In 2021, the Hammersmith and Fulham Parks Constabulary was disbanded and replaced with a Neighbourhood Enforcement Team to patrol the whole borough. The new force will have no constabulary powers.
Aire Park
Aire Park is a planned 24 acres (9.7 ha) mixed-use development in Hunslet, south of the city centre of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is being developed by the international real estate organisation Vastint, and will mostly occupy the abandoned brownfield site of the former Tetley's Brewery. It is part of the Leeds South Bank development and is named after the River Aire, which flows nearby.

As well as 8 acres (3.2 ha) of parkland, the development includes 1,400 new homes and almost 1 million sqft of commercial space. It will retain the Art Deco former brewery headquarters turned contemporary art gallery The Tetley, and Salem Chapel.

The Tetley
The Tetley was a contemporary art gallery in Leeds, England, located in the art deco headquarters of the former Tetley's Brewery. The gallery was opened on Friday 28 November 2013 and closed on 17 December 2023. The charity running it, named Project Space Leeds (from a project which ran from 2006 to 2012) has now rebranded as Yorkshire Contemporary.
Leader of the Opposition (Northern Ireland)
In Northern Ireland, the Leader of the Opposition is the leader of the largest eligible political party in the Northern Ireland Assembly that is not in the Northern Ireland Executive. The position is currently held by Matthew O'Toole of the Social Democratic and Labour Party.

Matthew O'Toole
Matthew John O'Toole MLA (born 18 May 1983) is an Irish politician, former civil servant, and journalist, serving as leader of the opposition since 2022, and a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for Belfast South since 2020.
Gillian Chan
Gillian Chan (born 1954) is a Canadian children's author who lives in Dundas, Ontario.

She was educated at Orange Hill Grammar School, Rochester Grammar School for Girls, and the University of East Anglia (BEd, 1980).

Chan is also the author of a short diary entry of Chin Mei-ling's during the Christmas week a year or so after the original diary ended for the Christmas treasury from the Dear Canada series, A Season for Miracles: Twelve Tales of Christmas.

On October 27, 2006, Chan competed on the television show Jeopardy!, finishing in last place.

Dear Canada
Dear Canada is a series of historical novels for children, published by Scholastic Canada and popular in school libraries and classrooms. Each text explores significant events in Canadian history through the eyes of a female child. First published in 2001, they are similar to the Dear America series. The series covers both familiar and little-known topics such as Home Children, the North-West Rebellion, the 1837 Rebellion, and the Ukrainian Canadian internment.
Blending inheritance
Blending inheritance is an obsolete theory in biology from the 19th century. The theory is that the progeny inherits any characteristic as the average of the parents' values of that characteristic. As an example of this, a crossing of a red flower variety with a white variety of the same species would yield pink-flowered offspring.

Charles Darwin's theory of inheritance by pangenesis, with contributions to egg or sperm from every part of the body, implied blending inheritance. His reliance on this mechanism led Fleeming Jenkin to attack Darwin's theory of natural selection on the grounds that blending inheritance would average out any novel beneficial characteristic before selection had time to act.

Blending inheritance was discarded with the general acceptance of particulate inheritance during the development of modern genetics, after c. 1900.

Particulate inheritance
Particulate inheritance is a pattern of inheritance discovered by Mendelian genetics theorists, such as William Bateson, Ronald Fisher or Gregor Mendel himself, showing that phenotypic traits can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles" known as genes, which can keep their ability to be expressed while not always appearing in a descending generation.
Guðrún
Guðrún is a feminine given name. The English and German version of the name is Gudrun. It is  one of the most frequently given female names in Iceland. In 2004, it was ranked first before Anna and Sigríður.

According to Icelandic custom, people are generally referred to by first and middle names and patronyms are used if disambiguation is required.

The name is earliest attested in a runestone as  kuþrun. In Old Norse, Goðrún was an alternative version. The Faroese equivalent is Guðrun and the mainland Scandinavian version is Gudrun. The Old Norse name is composed of the elements guð or goð, meaning "god"; and rūn, meaning "rune", "secret lore". The Scandinavian Gudrun was revived in the last half of the 19th century.

Gudrun (given name)
Gudrun is a feminine given name of Old Norse origin derived from guð or goð, meaning "god"; and rūn, meaning "rune", or "secret lore". Gudrun, the Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as well as the English and German form of the name, was revived and came into greater use in the latter half of the 19th century

The name is earliest attested in a runestone as  kuþrun. The modern Icelandic version of the name is Guðrún. In Old Norse, Goðrún was an alternative version. The Faroese equivalent is Guðrun.
Audio Antihero
Audio Antihero is an independent record label founded in October 2009 with a South East London base, now located in Staten Island, New York. The label has released titles from Frog, Nosferatu D2, Cloud, Magana, CIAO MALZ, Tiberius, Avery Friedman, Leilani Patao, The Noisy, Josaleigh Pollett, and others.

Nosferatu D2
Nosferatu D2 were an English indie rock band formed by brothers Ben and Adam Parker in Croydon, Surrey, England in 2005, after their previous band, Tempertwig, disbanded. They recorded an album but it was never released and they disbanded in 2007.  Ben Parker began a solo project under the name Superman Revenge Squad.

Nosferatu D2's recordings were released as an album in 2009, and in 2015 a recording of their last live show was released.   In 2019, Tempertwig's works were re-released.  The brothers would come back together as The Superman Revenge Squad Band, and finally perform under the name My Best Unbeaten Brother.
Dynamico
Dynamico is a 2007 studio album by American rock musician and record producer Mitch Easter. It is his first solo release after several projects for decades, including Let's Active and has received positive reviews from critics.

Mitch Easter
Mitchell Blake Easter (born November 15, 1954) is an American musician, songwriter and record producer. Frequently associated with the jangle pop style of guitar music, he is known as producer of R.E.M.'s early albums, from 1981 through 1984, and as frontman of the 1980s band Let's Active.

He owns and operates Fidelitorium, a recording studio in Kernersville, North Carolina.
Maneri, India
Maneri is a town in Uttarakhand, India. Situated on the banks of river Bhagirathi 8 km north of Uttarkashi, it is the home of Maneri Dam and the terminating railway station on Chota Char Dham Railway nearest to Gangotri.

Maneri Dam
The Maneri Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Bhagirathi River located at Maneri, 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) east of Uttarkashi in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, India. The primary purpose of the dam is to divert water into a tunnel which feeds the 90 megawatts (120,000 hp) run-of-the-river Tiloth Power Plant.