hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fragment bid
Developed by Monroe Ingberman, a fragment bid is a bidding convention used in the card game contract bridge. It is an unusual jump rebid, usually a double jump, by either the opener or the responder which shows a fit with partner's suit and shortage, either a singleton or void, in the fourth suit.

Although analogous to splinter bids, fragment bids differ in that they require the naming of a suit held rather than the short suit itself.  Partnership agreement is required on the details of either splinter or fragment bids and their continuations.

Splinter bid
In the card game "contract bridge", a splinter bid is a convention whereby a double jump response in a side-suit indicates excellent support (at least four cards), a singleton or void in that side-suit (but preferably not the ace or king), and at least game-going strength. Some partnerships agree that the maximum strength can be only that necessary to reach a game contract; stronger holdings with major suit support instead might temporize with a Jacoby 2NT bid.

The idea was developed independently in 1963 by David Cliff, the first to write about it, and Dorothy Hayden Truscott; it grew out of two earlier bidding tools, the Fragment bid and the Void-Showing bid.
Abigail Magistrati
Abigail Magistrati (born 29 December 2003) is an Argentine former artistic gymnast. She represented Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics after Martina Dominici, the original qualifier, tested positive for a banned substance. She is the 2021 Pan American team and floor exercise bronze medalist. She is the 2019 South American all-around and team champion and the 2022 South American balance beam champion. She is the 2022 Argentine all-around, balance beam, and floor exercise champion.

Martina Dominici
Martina Dominici (born 3 January 2002) is an Argentine former artistic gymnast. As a junior, she won multiple Pan American and South American Championships medals and won the all-around title at the 2017 Top Gym Tournament. She moved up to the senior level in 2018 and won the all-around title at the South American Games. She competed at the 2018 and 2019 World Championships– where she qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics. However, after winning five medals at the 2021 Pan American Championships, she tested positive for multiple banned substances and received a three-year suspension, leading to her retirement.
105 Barking Road
105 Barking Road is a former public hall in Canning Town, in the London Borough of Newham, in the United Kingdom. The building is situated in the ward of Canning Town South, on the north of Barking Road, to the northeast of Canning Town station. 105 Barking Road is a classic example of a Victorian town hall with links to East London's suffragette and labour movements during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The building is a Grade II listed building.

Notable British activists including Sylvia Pankhurst, Will Thorne and James Keir Hardie all spoke here. Today, the building is the headquarters of the social action charity Community Links.

Canning Town
Canning Town is a district of West Ham in the London Borough of Newham, East London, England, north of the Royal Victoria Dock. Its urbanisation was largely due to the creation of the dock. The area was part of the ancient parish and County Borough of West Ham. It forms part of the London E16 postcode district.

The area is undergoing significant regeneration as of 2012, with the building of up to 10,000 new homes.
David Whitney Building
The David Whitney Building is a historic building located at 1 Park Avenue (1550 Woodward Avenue from 1921 to 2014), on the northern edge of Downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Grand Circus Park Historic District. The building stands on a wedge-shaped site at the junction of Park Avenue, Woodward Avenue, and Washington Boulevard. Construction on the 19-floor structure began in 1914.

Grand Circus Park Historic District
The Grand Circus Park Historic District contains the 5-acre (2.0 ha) Grand Circus Park in Downtown Detroit, Michigan that connects the theatre district with its financial district. It is bisected by Woodward Avenue, four blocks north of Campus Martius Park, and is roughly bounded by Clifford, John R. and Adams Streets. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building at 25 West Elizabeth Street was added to the district in 2000, and additional structures located within the district, but built between 1932 and 1960, were approved for inclusion in 2012.
Granite Railway
The Granite Railway was one of the first railroads in the United States, built to carry granite from Quincy, Massachusetts, to a dock on the Neponset River in Milton. From there boats carried the heavy stone to Charlestown for construction of the Bunker Hill Monument.  The Granite Railway is popularly termed the first commercial railroad in the United States, as it was the first chartered railway to evolve into a common carrier without an intervening closure.  The last active quarry closed in 1963; in 1985, the Metropolitan District Commission purchased 22 acres (8.9 ha), including Granite Railway Quarry, as the Quincy Quarries Reservation.

Quincy Quarries Reservation
The Quincy Quarries is a 22-acre (8.9 ha) public recreation area in Quincy, Massachusetts, commemorating the site of the Granite Railway—often credited as being the first railroad in the United States. The former quarries produced granite for over a century, leaving problematic excavations that ultimately were taken over and filled in to protect public safety.  The reservation is owned and operated by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
1st (Canterbury) Regiment
The 1st (Canterbury) Regiment was a territorial infantry regiment of the New Zealand Military Forces. It was formed in 1911 from various volunteer corps raised during the second half of the nineteenth century. Men from the regiment saw combat in the First World War as part of the Canterbury Infantry Regiment. It was amalgamated with the 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment in 1921 to form the 1st Battalion, Canterbury Regiment.

Canterbury Infantry Regiment (NZEF)
The Canterbury Infantry Regiment was a military unit of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) raised for service in the First World War. It saw service in the Gallipoli Campaign (1915) and on the Western Front (1916–1919). The regiment was formed by grouping together companies from four different territorial regiments based in the Canterbury Military district.
Z-test
A Z-test is any statistical test for which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution. Z-test tests the mean of a distribution. For each significance level in the confidence interval, the Z-test has a single critical value (for example, 1.96 for 5% two-tailed), which makes it more convenient than the Student's t-test whose critical values are defined by the sample size (through the corresponding degrees of freedom). Both the Z-test and Student's t-test have similarities in that they both help determine the significance of a set of data. However, the Z-test requires knowing the population deviation, which is sometimes difficult to determine, making the t-test more convenient.

Student's t-test
Student's t-test is a statistical test used to test whether the difference between the response of two groups is statistically significant or not. It is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term in the test statistic were known (typically, the scaling term is unknown and is therefore a nuisance parameter). When the scaling term is estimated based on the data, the test statistic—under certain conditions—follows a Student's t distribution. The t-test's most common application is to test whether the means of two populations are significantly different. In many cases, a Z-test will yield very similar results to a t-test because the latter converges to the former as the size of the dataset increases.
Didier Bence
Didier Bence (born August 14, 1987) is a Canadian professional heavyweight boxer from Laval, Quebec.

He is best known for becoming a Canadian amateur boxing champion as a teenager and winning bronze at the 2007 Pan American Games, defeating two-time US champion Mike Wilson twice in the process due to controversial stoppage at the 1:03 mark of the third round.

Being the most favorable participant of Pan American Games, walked away due to severe injury in his semifinal against Colombian Oscar Rivas and lost by walkover which earned him bronze. This injury didn't stop him to pursue his dream in Commonwealth Games and turning professional in 2011.

Óscar Rivas
Óscar Andres Rivas Torres (born 6 June 1987) is a Colombian professional boxer. He held the WBC bridgerweight title from 2021 to 2023. He also challenged for the vacant WBC interim heavyweight title in 2019, and previously held the IBF International, WBC-NABF and WBO-NABO heavyweight titles. As an amateur, he won a silver medal at the 2007 Pan American Games.
Tellig
Tellig is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Zell, whose seat is in the municipality of Zell an der Mosel.

Zell (Mosel)
Zell (Mosel) (German pronunciation: [tsɛl] ⓘ) is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Zell has roughly 4,300 inhabitants and is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
Teen Witch
Teen Witch is a 1989 American teen fantasy comedy film directed by Dorian Walker, written by Robin Menken and Vernon Zimmerman, and starring Robyn Lively and Zelda Rubinstein. The plot follows Louise, a teenage girl who discovers she is a witch and gains powers on her 16th birthday.

Originally pitched as a female version of Teen Wolf (1985), it was later reworked into a standalone spin-off film of its own. The film features numerous impromptu musical numbers, including rap sequences, and has since become a cult classic, aided by midnight theater showings and regular cable television airings (including through annual showings as part of ABC Family/Freeform's 13 Nights of Halloween). The film is also popular for its music and 1980s fashion nostalgia.

Teen Wolf
Teen Wolf is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy film directed by Rod Daniel and written by Jeph Loeb and Matthew Weisman. Michael J. Fox stars as the title character, a high school student whose ordinary life is changed when he discovers that he is a werewolf. James Hampton, Scott Paulin, Susan Ursitti, Jerry Levine, Matt Adler, and Jay Tarses appear in supporting roles. Filming took place from November to December 1984.

Teen Wolf was released on August 23, 1985, by Atlantic Releasing Corporation, and received mixed reviews from film critics. It was a commercial success, grossing over $33 million domestically on a $4 million budget, with the worldwide gross being over $80 million. The film's success spawned a titular franchise, including an animated series adaptation in 1986, a sequel film in 1987, the supernatural live action drama series that aired on MTV from 2011 to 2017, and its continuation film in 2023.
Aditi Mangaldas
Aditi Mangaldas (born 1960) is a Kathak dancer and choreographer, who is known for her classical Kathak as well as 'contemporary dance based on kathak"  repertoire. Mangaldas is hailed as one of the leading dancers in the field of Kathak in India as well as across the world.

Mangaldas has trained under Kumudini Lakhia and Pundit Birju Maharaj. Besides dancing classical Kathak, she uses the strong foundation of classical dance to evolve a contemporary vocabulary in Kathak, for which she has received international acclaim. Mangaldas has won numerous awards for her notable contributions in Kathak including the National Sangeet NatakAkademi Award in 2013; which due to compelling reasons she declined.  She heads the Aditi Mangaldas Dance Company – The Drishtikon Dance Foundation, Delhi, where she is the artistic director and runs the repertory consisting of Kathak dancers and musicians.

Kumudini Lakhia
Kumudini Lakhia (17 May 1930 – 12 April 2025) was an Indian Kathak dancer and choreographer based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where she founded Kadamb School of Dance and Music, an institute of Indian dance and music in 1967.

A pioneer in contemporary Kathak dance, she was credited with moving away from the solo form of Kathak starting in the 1960s, by turning it into a group spectacle, and also innovations like taking away traditional stories and adding contemporary storylines into Kathak repertoire.
Asmat Begum
Asmat Begum (died 1621) was the wife of Mirza Ghiyas Beg, the Prime minister of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and the mother of Mughal empress Nur Jahan, the power behind the emperor. Asmat Begum was also the paternal grandmother of Empress Mumtaz Mahal, for whom the Taj Mahal was built.

Nur Jahan
Nur Jahan (lit. ' Light of the world '; 31 May 1577 – 18 December 1645), born Mehr-un-Nissa, was the twentieth wife and chief consort of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.

More decisive and proactive than her husband, Nur Jahan is considered by certain historians to have been the real power behind the throne for more than a decade. Wielding a level of power and influence unprecedented for a Mughal empress, she was granted honours and privileges never enjoyed by any of her predecessors or successors, such as having coinage struck in her name. Her husband Jahangir had severe addiction to hunting, alcohol, and opium and he also had to contend with his frequent ill-health. Nur Jahan rose to the position of a co-sovereign due to her intellect, political skill, and the ability to forge strategic alliances in the imperial court in her husband’s negligence.
Svapnavasavadattam
Svapnavasavadattam (Sanskrit: स्वप्नवासवदत्तम्, Svapnavāsavadattam) (English: The dream of Vasavadatta) is a Sanskrit play in six acts written by the ancient Indian poet Bhāsa.

The plot of the drama is drawn from the romantic narratives about the kaushambi king Udayana and Vasavadatta, the daughter of Pradyota, the ruler of Avanti, which were current in the poet's time and which seem to have captivated popular imagination. The main theme of the drama is the sorrow of Udayana for his queen Vasavadatta, believed by him to have perished in a fire, which was actually a rumour spread by Yaugandharayana, a minister of Udayana to compel his king to marry Padmavati, the daughter of the king of Magadha. It forms, in context, a continuation of his another drama, Pratijnayaugandharayana.

Pratijnayaugandharayana
Pratijnayaugandharayana (Sanskrit: प्रतिज्ञायौगन्धरायणम्, Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇam) (English: The Pledge of Minister Yaugandharāyaṇa) is a Sanskrit play in four acts written by the ancient Indian poet Bhāsa. It is the oldest extant political play of India and the prequel to Bhāsa's Svapnavasavadattam. These plays were written by Bhāsa on the account of Udayana, king of Vatsa (Kaushambi).

Throughout the play, Yaugandharayana, minister of Udayana, takes two vows which are ultimately fulfilled.
Tokai Gakuen University
Tokai Gakuen University (東海学園大学, Tōkai Gakuen Daigaku), abbreviated as TGU, is a Japanese private university located in Miyoshi, Aichi within the Chubu  of Japan. It has a campus in Tempaku-ku, Nagoya.

Miyoshi, Aichi
Miyoshi (みよし市, Miyoshi-shi) is a city located in central Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 62,782 in 24,260 households, and a population density of 1,950 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 32.19 square kilometres (12.43 sq mi).
Red-billed hornbill
The red-billed hornbills are a group of hornbills found in the savannas and woodlands of sub-Saharan Africa. They are now usually split into five species, the northern red-billed hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus), western red-billed hornbill (T. kempi), Tanzanian red-billed hornbill (T. ruahae), southern red-billed hornbill (T. rufirostris) and Damara red-billed hornbill (T. damarensis), but some authorities consider the latter four all subspecies of Tockus erythrorhynchus.

Damara red-billed hornbill
The Damara red-billed hornbill (Tockus damarensis) is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found in southwest Angola and northern Namibia. All five red-billed hornbills were formerly considered conspecific.
Ricardo Reis (heteronym)
Ricardo Reis (European Portuguese: [ʁiˈkaɾðu ˈʁɐjʃ]) is a heteronym of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa. In his fictional biography, Reis was born in Porto in 1887, one year older than Fernando Pessoa, who describes him as very little shorter and stronger, but slim and a vague matte brown. Reis was educated at a Jesuit boarding school becoming a Latinist by education and a semi-Hellenist by his own, thus writing better than Pessoa, but with a purism that his author considered exaggerated. He was a doctor and Neoclassical poet who wrote neopagan, epicurist and stoicist odes. Politically a monarchist, he went into exile to Brazil after the defeat of a monarchical rebellion in Porto against the Portuguese Republic in 1919.

Heteronym (literature)
The literary concept of the heteronym refers to one or more imaginary character(s) created by a writer to write in different styles. Heteronyms differ from pen names (or pseudonyms, from the Greek words for "false" and "name") in that the latter are just false names, while the former are characters that have their own supposed physiques, biographies, and writing styles.

Heteronyms were named and developed by the Portuguese writer and poet Fernando Pessoa in the early 20th century, but they were thoroughly explored by the Danish philosopher Kierkegaard in the 19th century and have also been used by other writers.
Preston, Connecticut
Preston is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut planning region. Its population was 4,788 at the 2020 census. The town includes the villages of Long Society, Preston City, and Poquetanuck.

Poquetanuck, Connecticut
Poquetanuck (/ˈpɑːkwəˈtænɪk/ PAH-kwuh-TA-nik) is a village in the town of Preston, Connecticut, United States, located near the banks of a bay known as Poquetanuck Cove that opens to the Thames River.  The village includes the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed Poquetanuck Village Historic District.
DC++
DC++ is a free and open-source, peer-to-peer file-sharing client that can be used for connecting to the Direct Connect network or to the ADC protocol. It is developed primarily by Jacek Sieka, nicknamed arnetheduck.

Direct Connect (protocol)
Direct Connect (DC) is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. Direct Connect clients connect to a central hub and can download files directly from one another. Advanced Direct Connect can be considered a successor protocol.

Hubs feature a list of clients or users connected to them. Users can search for files and download them from other clients, as well as chat with other users.
Interstate 635 (Kansas–Missouri)
Interstate 635 (I-635) is a connector highway between I-35 in Overland Park, Kansas, and I-29 in Kansas City, Missouri, approximately 12 miles (19 km) long. It is mostly in the US state of Kansas, servicing the city of Kansas City, Kansas, but extends into Kansas City, Missouri, as well. The freeway's southern terminus is at a stack interchange with I-35. South of this, the mainline becomes an expressway carrying U.S. Route 69 (US 69).

The freeway provides a route around Downtown Kansas City by crossing through residential areas of Kansas City, Kansas, and Riverside, Missouri. It also provides another direct route to Kansas City International Airport.

Interstate 35 in Kansas
Interstate 35 (I-35) is an Interstate Highway in the US that runs from the Mexican border near Laredo, Texas, to Duluth, Minnesota. In Kansas, the highway goes from the Oklahoma border to Kansas City at the Missouri border, with a length of 235 miles (378 km). Along the way, I-35 passes through Wichita, the state's largest city, linking it to Emporia, Ottawa, and Kansas City and its Johnson County suburbs. The section of the route from the Oklahoma border to I-335 is part of the Kansas Turnpike.
CTV Northern Ontario
CTV Northern Ontario, formerly known as MCTV, is a system of four television stations in Northern Ontario, Canada, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media.

These stations are:

CICI-TV - Greater Sudbury (flagship station)

CKNY-DT - North Bay

CHBX-TV - Sault Ste. Marie

CITO-TV - Timmins

Since 2005, all four stations refer to themselves on-air as simply CTV instead of their callsigns; however, they remain legally licensed as separate stations, and continue to have common local programming. Station information and history is discussed on each station's own page.

CICI-TV
CICI-TV (analog channel 5) is a television station in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. The station maintains studios on Frood Road (near Lasalle Boulevard) in Sudbury; its transmitter is located near Huron Street.

CICI-TV is the flagship station of the network's CTV Northern Ontario sub-system. CICI produces all of the CTV Northern Ontario stations' local programming, except for some local news inserts in the system's newscasts.
Xiao Xian
Xiao Xian (蕭銑) (583–621) was a descendant of the imperial house of the Chinese Liang dynasty, who rose against the rule of the Sui dynasty toward the end of the rule of Emperor Yang of Sui.  He tried to revive Liang, and for several years appeared to be successful in doing so, as he, with his capital at Jiangling, ruled over a state that included most of modern Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam.  In 621, however, under an attack by the Tang dynasty generals Li Jing and Li Xiaogong, he, not realizing that relief forces were approaching Jiangling, surrendered.  He was subsequently taken to the Tang capital Chang'an, where Emperor Gaozu of Tang executed him.

Li Jing (Tang dynasty)
Li Jing (571 – July 2, 649), courtesy name Yaoshi, posthumous name Duke Jingwu of Wei (also romanized as Duke Jingwu of Wey), was a Chinese military general, strategist, and writer who lived in the early Tang dynasty and was most active during the reign of Emperor Taizong. In 630, Li Jing defeated the Göktürks, led by Jieli Khan, with just 3,000 cavalry soldiers in a surprise attack, allowing the Tang Empire to subjugate the Göktürks and reduce them to the status of a vassal under the Tang Empire. Li Jing and Li Shiji are considered the two most prominent early Tang generals.