hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Foulis
Thomas Foulis (fl. 1580–1628) was a Scottish goldsmith, mine entrepreneur, and royal financier.

Thomas Foulis was an Edinburgh goldsmith and financier, and was involved in the mint and coinage, gold and lead mining, and from May 1591 the receipt of money given to James VI by Queen Elizabeth, known as the English annuity or subsidy.

He was a son of Henry Foulis of Colinton and Margaret Haldane. As a financier to the mint and crown his business partner was Robert Jousie, or Jowsie, an Edinburgh cloth merchant who later became Groom of the Chamber.

Robert Jousie
Robert Jousie (or Joussie or Jowsie or Jossie; died 1626) was a Scottish textile merchant, financier, and courtier. He was involved in the collection and administration of the English subsidy of James VI. Jousie supplied fabrics used at the baptism of Prince Henry (1594), and for the clothes of Prince Henry and Princess Elizabeth.
Ivy Dickens
Ivy Dickens (former alias: Charlotte "Charlie" Rhodes) is a fictional character who exclusively appears in the Gossip Girl television adaptation, portrayed by Kaylee DeFer. She first appears in "The Kids Stay in the Picture," initially appearing as Serena's estranged cousin, Charlie Rhodes, whom Serena takes under her wing and introduces to the Upper East Side. The fourth season finale "The Wrong Goodbye," reveals her true identity as Ivy Dickens, a struggling actress and con artist hired by Carol Rhodes to pose as her daughter in order to gain access to the real Charlie Rhodes' trust fund.

DeFer was promoted to series regular for the fifth season in light of cast members Taylor Momsen and Jessica Szohr's departure. She is the newest addition to the female cast of Gossip Girl villains, joining the likes of Georgina Sparks and Juliet Sharp.

Lola Rhodes
Charlotte "Lola" Rhodes is a recurring character who exclusively appeared in the Gossip Girl television adaptation. Created by series producer Joshua Safran, Lola Rhodes is portrayed by actress Ella Rae Peck. The character of Charlotte "Charlie" Rhodes was initially introduced in the second half of season four, though this was later revealed to be Ivy Dickens, a struggling actress paid to impersonate her so that her mother, Carol Rhodes, could gain access to Lola's trust fund. Ella Rae Peck later appeared during the second half of the fifth season to portray the role. Lola is the cousin and biological half sister, technically three-quarter sister, of Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) as a result of William van der Woodsen's (William Baldwin) affair with Lily Humphrey's sister, Carol Rhodes (Sheila Kelley).
Luisa de Guzmán
Luisa María Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval (Portuguese: Luísa Maria Francisca de Gusmão; 13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666) was a Spanish noblewoman who became Queen of Portugal as the wife of King John IV, the first Braganza ruler. She was the mother of two kings of Portugal (Afonso VI and Peter II) and a queen of England (Catherine of Braganza). She served as regent of Portugal from 1656 until 1662.

John IV of Portugal
Dom John IV (João; 19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656), also known by the Portuguese as John the Restorer (João, o Restaurador), was the King of Portugal from 1640 until his death in 1656. He restored the independence of Portugal from Habsburg Spanish rule by terminating the 60-year-old Iberian Union in which Portugal and Spain shared the same monarch, and by establishing the House of Braganza on the Portuguese throne.

Before becoming king, he was John II, the 8th Duke of Braganza. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, a claimant to the crown during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire was at its territorial zenith, spanning the globe.
WERC-FM
WERC-FM (105.5 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Hoover, Alabama, United States, and serving Greater Birmingham. It is owned by iHeartMedia and simulcasts a talk format with WERC 960 AM. The station's studios and offices are on First Avenue South in Birmingham, off Interstate 65.

WERC-FM's transmitter is sited atop Red Mountain, off Valley Avenue in Birmingham. WERC-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its digital subchannels carry urban gospel and urban adult contemporary formats, which in turn feed two FM translators.

WERC (AM)
WERC (960 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It is owned by iHeartMedia and it simulcasts a talk radio format with sister station WERC-FM. The studios and offices are on First Avenue South in Birmingham, off Interstate 65.

WERC's transmitter is sited off Arkadelphia Road (U.S. Route 78) near Interstate 20/59 in Birmingham.
Aviadvigatel
UEC-Aviadvigatel JSC (Russian: АО ОДК-Авиадвигатель, lit. 'Aeroengine') is a Russian developer and builder of aircraft engines, most notably jet engines for commercial aircraft. Based at the Perm Engine Plant, its products power the Ilyushin Il-76MF, Ilyushin Il-96, Tupolev Tu-204, and Tupolev Tu-214. It also designs and builds high-efficiency gas turbine units for electric power stations and for gas pumping plants. The company has its background in the Experimental Design Bureau-19 plant, set up to manufacture aircraft engines.

UEC-Perm Engines
JSC UEC-Perm Engines (Russian: Пермский моторный завод) is a company based in Perm, Russia. It is part of United Engine Corporation.

Perm Engine Plant, one of the leading aircraft engine plants in the former USSR, produces a wide range of airplane and helicopter engines, as well as helicopter gearboxes, first-stage engines for the Proton rocket, and machinery for use in the consumer industries. It is collocated with Aviadvigatel (formerly known as the Soloviev Engine Design Bureau).
Poornachandra Tejaswi
Kuppali Puttappa Poornachandra Tejaswi (8 September 1938 – 5 April 2007) was a prominent Indian writer and  novelist in Kannada. He also worked as  a photographer, publisher, painter, naturalist, and environmentalist. He made a great impression in the Navya ("new") period of Kannada literature and inaugurated the Bandaaya Saahitya genre of protest literature with his short-story collection Abachoorina Post Offisu. He is the son of noted Kannada poet Kuvempu.

At early stages of his writing career, Tejaswi wrote poems but later concentrated on short stories, novels and essays. His distinctive style of writing is credited with heralding a new era in Kannada literature.

Kuvempu
Kuppalli Venkatappa Puttappa (29 December 1904 – 11 November 1994), popularly known by his pen name Kuvempu// ⓘ, was an Indian poet, playwright, novelist and critic. He is widely regarded as the greatest Kannada poet of the 20th century. He was the first Kannada writer to receive the Jnanpith Award.

Kuvempu studied at Mysuru University in the 1920s, taught there for nearly three decades and served as its vice-chancellor from 1956 to 1960. He initiated education in Kannada as the language medium. For his contributions to Kannada literature, the Government of Karnataka decorated him with the honorific Rashtrakavi ("National Poet") in 1964 and Karnataka Ratna ("The Gem of Karnataka") in 1992. He was conferred the Padma Bhushan in 1958 and Padma Vibhushan in 1988 by the Government of India. He penned the Karnataka State Anthem Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate.
The Road to Memphis (novel)
The Road to Memphis is a historical fiction novel written by Mildred D. Taylor. It was first published in 1990 by Dial Press. It is the fifth book in the saga following: Song of the Trees (1975), Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry (1976), Let the Circle Be Unbroken (1981), and The Gold Cadillac (1987). Chronologically, this is the second to last book in the series to focus on the Logans. A prequel, The Land, was released in 2001. Taylor then released the final book in the entire saga, a sequel to The Road to Memphis titled, All the Days Past, All the Days to Come, in January 2020.

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry
Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry is a 1977 Newbery Medal awarded novel by Mildred D. Taylor. It is a part of her Logan family series, a sequel to her 1975 novella Song of the Trees.

The novel is the first book in the Logan family saga, which includes four sequels (Let the Circle Be Unbroken (1981), The Road to Memphis (1992), The Gold Cadillac (1987), and All the Days Past, All the Days to Come (2020)) and three prequels (The Land (2001), The Well: David's Story (1995), and Song of the Trees (1975), as well as two novellas (Mississippi Bridge (1990) and The Friendship (1987)). In the book, Taylor explores the struggles of African Americans in 1930s Mississippi through the perspective of nine-year-old Cassie Logan. The novel contains several themes, including Jim Crow segregation, Black landownership, sharecropping, the Great Depression, and lynching.
Tennessee State Route 351
State Route 351 (SR 351) is a state highway in Greene County, Tennessee. It begins at State Routes 70 and 107 in southern Greene County and ends at State Route 93 in northern Greene County. It forms a half loop around Greeneville and Tusculum.

Tennessee State Route 70
State Route 70 (SR 70) is a state-maintained highway in East Tennessee, beginning at the border with North Carolina in the midst of the Cherokee National Forest and the Great Smoky Mountains and ending at the Virginia border in the extremely rural and mountainous terrain of Hancock County.

The highway travels through both Greeneville and Rogersville, bisecting Interstate 81 between the two towns.
Ladislav Pejačević
Count Ladislav Pejačević of Virovitica (English: Ladislaus Peyachevich of Virovitica, Croatian: Ladislav Pejačević Virovitički, Hungarian: Pejácsevich László; Sopron, Kingdom of Hungary 5 April 1824 – Našice, 7 April 1901) was a Croatian aristocrat and statesman, a member of the Pejačević noble family, remarkable and influential in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was the Ban (viceroy) of Croatia between 1880 and 1883.

Pejačević family
The House of Pejačević or Pejácsevich is an old Croatian noble family, remarkable during the period in history marked by the Ottoman war in the Kingdom of Croatia and Austro-Hungarian Empire respectively. Notable members of the family were politicians, clerics, artists, senior military officers, Bans (viceroys) of Croatia and other high state officials. They were very potent and influential in the political, social, economic and cultural life of the country, and especially distinguished in the region of Slavonia.
K-edge
In X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the K-edge is a sudden increase in x-ray absorption occurring when the energy of the X-rays is just above the binding energy of the innermost electron shell of the atoms interacting with the photons. The term is based on X-ray notation, where the innermost electron shell is known as the K-shell. Physically, this sudden increase in attenuation is caused by the photoelectric absorption of the photons. For this interaction to occur, the photons must have more energy than the binding energy of the K-shell electrons (K-edge). A photon having an energy just above the binding energy of the electron is therefore more likely to be absorbed than a photon having an energy just below this binding energy or significantly above it.

The energies near the K-edge are also objects of study, and provide other information.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a set of advanced techniques used for probing the local environment of matter at atomic level and its electronic structure. The experiments require access to synchrotron radiation facilities for their intense and tunable X-ray beams. Samples can be in the gas phase, solutions, or solids.
Hussein Fatal
Bruce Edward Washington Jr. (April 3, 1973 – July 10, 2015), better known by his stage name Hussein Fatal or sometimes as Fatal Hussein, was an American rapper, best known for his collaborative work with Tupac Shakur as a member of the rap group Outlawz.

Outlawz
Outlawz was an American hip-hop group founded by Tupac Shakur (Makaveli) and Yafeu Fula (Yaki Kadafi) in 1995. The group's core members originally performed under the names Thoro Headz and Young Thugz, first gaining recognition for their guest appearance on Shakur's 1993 track "Flex", which served as the B-side of his single "Holler If Ya Hear Me".

By 1995, the group had reorganized as Dramacydal. Under this name, they were featured on the tracks "Me Against the World" and "Outlaw" from Shakur's third studio album, Me Against the World. Following Shakur's release from prison in late 1995, the group was officially rebranded as the Outlaw Immortalz.
Thirumulpad
Tirumalpād or  Thirumalpād is a Hindu Kshatriya title used in North and Central Kerala, India. The title is used by multiple subdivisions of Samanthan Nair and Samanta Kshatriya as well as by some Namboothiri clans.

Sāmantha Thirumalpād is  investituted with a sacred thread and observes customs and manners exactly similar to other Samantan Nairs. In contrast, the Samanta Kshatriya Thirumalpāds wear the sacred thread, performing vedic rites.

Samantan
Samantan, also known as Samanthan Nair or Samantha Kshatriya (meaning "Kshatriyas without Vedic rituals" or "equal to"), was a generic term applied to dignify a group of sub-clans among the Naduvazhi (ruling elites) and  Jenmimar (feudal lords) of the Nair community in Kerala, India.
Primm Valley Resorts
Primm Valley Casino Resorts (formerly known as Primadonna Casino Resorts) is a group of three hotel-casinos in Primm, Nevada, along Interstate 15 at the California state line. They are owned and operated by Affinity Gaming. It is named after the Primm family, benefactors of the hotel and casino properties by Ernest and Gary Primm.

The hotels were a popular stop on the drive between Las Vegas and California.

The various hotels were connected across I-15 by both a monorail and a defunct amusement train line that was connected with Buffalo Bill's and Whiskey Pete's which are now closed.

Affinity Interactive
Affinity Interactive, formerly known as Herbst Gaming and Affinity Gaming, is an American private casino and sports betting company based in Paradise, Nevada. It operates eight casinos in Nevada, Missouri, and Iowa, and publishes the Daily Racing Form.
Permaisuri Siti Aishah
Permaisuri Siti Aishah (Jawi: ڤرمايسوري سيتي عائشه; born Siti Aishah binti Abdul Rahman; 18 November 1971) is the consort of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj of Selangor. She was the youngest ever Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen) of Malaysia, ascending the throne at the age of 28 on 26 April 1999.

Salahuddin of Selangor
Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj (Jawi: سلطان صلاح الدين عبدالعزيز شاه الحاج إبن المرحوم سلطان حسام الدين عالم شاه الحاج; 8 March 1926 – 21 November 2001) was the Sultan of Selangor from 1960, and the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) from 1999, until his death in 2001.
76 mm divisional gun M1939 (USV)
The 76-mm divisional gun M1939 (F-22 USV or USV) (Russian: 76-мм дивизионная пушка обр. 1939 г. (Ф-22 УСВ or УСВ)) was a 76.2 mm cannon produced in the Soviet Union. It was adopted for Red Army service in 1939 and used extensively in World War II. The gun was designated as "divisional" – issued to batteries under the direct control of division headquarters. The F-22 USV was an intermediate model, coming between the F-22, which had limited anti-aircraft capability, and the simpler and cheaper ZiS-3, which eventually replaced it in production and service.

76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22)
The 76-mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22) was a Soviet divisional semi-universal gun, adopted for Red Army service in 1936. This gun was used in conflicts between the USSR and Japan on the Far East, in the Winter War and in World War II. Many F-22s were captured by the Wehrmacht during Operation Barbarossa. Modernized and redesignated as the Feldkanone 296(r), captured guns were used against their originators.
Dorothea Lieven
Princess Katharina Alexandra Dorothea von Lieven (Russian: Дарья Христофоровна Ливен, tr. Dar'ya Khristoforovna Liven), née Freiin von Benckendorff, 17 December 1785 – 27 January 1857), was a Baltic German noblewoman and the wife of Prince Christoph Heinrich von Lieven, who served as the Russian ambassador to London between 1812 and 1834. She became an influential figure among many of the diplomatic, political, and social circles of 19th-century Europe.

Christoph von Lieven
Prince Christoph Heinrich von Lieven (Russian: Христофор Андреевич Ливен, Khristofor Andreyevich Liven; 6 May 1774 – 10 January 1839) was a Baltic German nobleman, Russian general, ambassador to London in 1812–1834, and educator of Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich.
Maextro
Maextro (Chinese: 尊界汽车; pinyin: Zūnjiè Qìchē) is a Chinese ultra-luxury electric vehicle brand established in 2024 by JAC Group. It is part of Huawei's HIMA multi-brand collaboration model, where Huawei handles product creation and design, provides technologies such as full-stack ADAS solutions and infotainment systems, and provides powertrain components, while JAC is responsible for chassis engineering and manufacturing of vehicles.

Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance
Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (Chinese: 鸿蒙智能汽车技术生态联盟; pinyin: Hóngméng Zhìnéng Qìchē Jìshù Shēngtài Liánméng), trading as HIMA (Chinese: 鸿蒙智行; pinyin: Hóngméng Zhìxíng) is an automotive alliance and sales network initiated and led by Chinese multinational technology company Huawei. Established in 2023, the members of the alliance include AITO (Seres Group), Luxeed (Chery), Stelato (BAIC BluePark),  Maextro (JAC Group) and SAIC (SAIC Motor).

Under HIMA, Huawei contributes in product planning, design, marketing, user experience, quality control and provides intelligent vehicle software and hardware for the traditional automobile manufacturers. Currently, HIMA only operates in mainland China.
Southern Economic Corridor
The Southern Economic Corridor (Abrv: SEC; Thai: การพัฒนาพื้นที่ระเบียงเศรษฐกิจภาคใต้อย่างยั่งยืน) is a special economic zone on the upper south of Thailand. It consists of four provinces, including Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani and Nakhon Si Thammarat. The SEC is part of a larger plan to link up the Andaman Sea with the Gulf of Thailand by land, air, and water, connecting the SEC with the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). The project aims to promote sustainable development, increase competitiveness, and connectivity with neighboring countries, including members of BIMSTEC.

Eastern Economic Corridor
The Eastern Economic Corridor (Abrv: EEC; Thai: ระเบียงเศรษฐกิจภาคตะวันออก, romanized: Rabīang Sētthakit Phāk Tawan-ǭk, RTGS: Rabiang Setthakit Phak Tawan-ok, pronounced [rā.bīa̯ŋ sèːt.tʰā.kìt pʰâːk tā.wān.ʔɔ̀ːk]) officially the Eastern Special Development Zone (ESDZ), is a special economic zone of three provinces in eastern Thailand. Collectively, these provinces occupy an area of 13,266 km2 (5,122 sq mi), and in 2016 had an estimated population of over 2.8 million.

The zone was established on 17 January 2017, at the direction of the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), with the mission of promoting economic integration across the Eastern seaboard. The first law of the EEC is the Eastern Special Development Zone Act, proclaimed on 15 May 2019.
Siege of Kaunas (1915)
The siege of Kaunas took place from 12 August to 18 August 1915 and with a quick German victory against Russia.

The Imperial German Army launched the Riga–Šiauliai offensive in summer 1915, quickly advancing through Lithuania towards Kaunas, which the Germans reached in July. The Kaunas Fortress garrison had 66,629 men with 1,370 guns, commanded by Vladimir Grigoriev (Russian: Владимир Григорьев). The attacking Germans had four divisions under the command of Karl Litzmann.

Riga–Šiauliai offensive
The Riga–Šiauliai offensive (German: Offensive in Kurland; Russian: Риго-Шавельская операция) was a major Imperial German Army offensive, launched by Paul von Hindenburg with his Army of the Niemen, to divert Russian forces from the direction of the main German blow of the summer offensive on Narew. However, it gradually changed into an offensive of two German armies to capture the Kaunas Fortress and reach the Daugava. In the course of a successful offensive, the German army defeated the numerically superior Russian forces and reached the approaches of Riga, which was a strategically important city.
College Point
College Point is a working-middle-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. It is bounded to the south by Whitestone Expressway and Flushing; to the east by 138th Street and Malba/Whitestone; to the north by the East River; and to the west by Flushing Bay. College Point is a mostly residential ethnically diverse community with some industrial areas. The neighborhood is served by several parks and contains two yacht clubs.

College Point is located in Queens Community District 7 and its ZIP Code is 11356. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 109th Precinct. Politically, College Point is represented by the New York City Council's 19th District.

Whitestone, Queens
Whitestone is a residential neighborhood in the northernmost part of the New York City borough of Queens. The neighborhood proper is located between the East River to the north; College Point and Whitestone Expressway to the west; Flushing and 25th Avenue to the south; and Bayside and Francis Lewis Boulevard to the east.

Whitestone contains the subsection of Malba, which is bounded to the north by the East River, to the east by the Whitestone Expressway, to the south by 14th Avenue, and to the west by 138th Street. Malba was cited in a New York Times article as one of the few "elite enclaves" of Queens.

Whitestone is located in Queens Community District 7 and its ZIP Code is 11357. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 109th Precinct. Politically, Whitestone is represented by the New York City Council's 19th District.
Rancho Santa Anita
Rancho Santa Anita was a 13,319-acre (53.90 km2) land grant in present-day Los Angeles County, California, given to naturalized Scottish immigrant Hugo Reid and his Kizh people wife. Reid built an adobe residence there in 1839, and the land grant was formally recognized by Governor Pio Pico in 1845. The land grant covered all or portions of the present day cities of Arcadia, Monrovia, Sierra Madre, Pasadena and San Marino. A small portion of the rancho has been preserved as the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden.

Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden
The Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, 127 acres (51.4 ha), is an arboretum, botanical garden, and historical site nestled into hills near the San Gabriel Mountains in Arcadia, California, United States. Open daily, it only closes on Christmas Day.

The Arboretum is located across the street from Santa Anita Park, the horse racetrack, and The Shops at Santa Anita.