hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro
The Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro was a military engagement that took place from 3–5 May 1811 during the Peninsular War. An Anglo-Portuguese Army under Wellington checked an attempt by the French Army of Portugal under Marshal André Masséna to relieve the besieged city of Almeida. The French defeat at Fuentes de Oñoro, in addition to the steadfastness of the allies and the formidable high ground and fortified position held by Wellesley, was further facilitated by the poor cooperation between Masséna and his subordinates. As Wellington stated, if Napoleon had been at Fuentes, "we should have been beat."

Blockade of Almeida
In the Blockade of Almeida (14 April – 10 May 1811) a French garrison under Antoine François Brenier de Montmorand was surrounded by approximately 13,000 Anglo-Allied soldiers led by Generals Sir Alexander Campbell, 1st Baronet and Sir William Erskine, 2nd Baronet.

After a French relief attempt failed, Brenier and his troops broke out at night after blowing up portions of the fortress. To the fury of the British army commander Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, most of the French escaped due to their commander's single-minded determination, British fumbling, and remarkably good luck. The action took place during the Peninsular War portion of the Napoleonic Wars. Almeida, Portugal is located near the Spanish border about 300 kilometres (186 mi) northeast of Lisbon. The town was originally captured from a Portuguese garrison during the 1810 Siege of Almeida.
Instrument meteorological conditions
In aviation, instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) are weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to flight instruments, and therefore under instrument flight rules (IFR), as opposed to flying by outside visual references under visual flight rules (VFR). Typically, this means flying in cloud or poor weather, where little or nothing can be seen or recognised when looking out of the window. Simulated IMC can be achieved for training purposes by wearing view-limiting devices, which restrict outside vision and force the trainee to rely on instrument indications only.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
Nalcor Energy
Nalcor Energy was an energy corporation headquartered in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. A provincial Crown corporation under the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nalcor Energy was created in 2007 to manage the province's energy resources.

The company had distinct business lines comprising Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, the Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation, the Lower Churchill Project, energy marketing, oil and gas development, and The Bull Arm Fabrication Site.

On June 23, 2021, Premier Andrew Furey announced Nalcor Energy would be dismantled and folded into NL Hydro, previously a subsidiary of Nalcor.

Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation Limited
Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation Limited, also known as CF(L)Co or CFLco is a Canadian electric company. The company was founded in 1961 and is based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation Limited operates as a subsidiary of Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro.
Democratic Confederation of Nepalese Trade Unions
Democratic Confederation of Nepalese Trade Unions  (DECONT) was a central trade union organization in Nepal. DECONT is politically tied to the Nepali Congress (Democratic). The president of DECONT was Rajendra Bahadur Raut.

DECONT was formed after a split from the Nepal Trade Union Congress, the trade union wing of the Nepali Congress. DECONT was constituted on May 1, 1997. The DECONT-NTUC split predated the NC(D)-NC split. Thus the Sher Bahadur Deuba fraction inside NC had a separate trade union wing, before they had actually constituted a separate party.

In May 2005, DECONT joined the World Confederation of Labour (now the International Trade Union Confederation).

During the spring of 2006 DECONT took part in the protests against the regime of King Gyanendra.

On March 2, 2008, it merged with Nepal Trade Union Congress, forming the Nepal Trade Union Congress-Independent.

Nepal Trade Union Congress
The Nepal Trade Union Congress (NTUC) is a national trade union center in Nepal. Founded in 1947, it is the first and largest trade union confederation in the country. The NTUC is politically linked with the Nepali Congress (NC).

In 2008, the NTUC and the Democratic Confederation of Nepalese Trade Unions (DECONT) merged to form the NTUC-Independent (DECONT had split from the NTUC in 1997). While still known as NTUC-I, the union has reverted to the former name.

The 6th National Congress was held on June 12–15, 2018 in Kathmandu, which elected Pushkar Acharya as president. The NTUC has 26 sectoral unions and 7 province committees.
Liskeard South and Dobwalls (electoral division)
Liskeard South and Dobwalls (Cornish: Lyskerrys Soth ha Fosow Dobb) is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom and elects one member to sit on Cornwall Council. The current councillor is Jane Pascoe, a member of the Conservative Party.

Liskeard South and Dobwalls was also the name of a smaller electoral division on Cornwall Council between 2009 and 2013, when it was replaced with Liskeard West and Dobwalls.

Liskeard West and Dobwalls (electoral division)
Liskeard West and Dobwalls (Cornish: Lyskerrys West ha Fosow Dobb) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections; most of the division was made into a part of the new, larger Liskeard South and Dobwalls division, but a small piece of land was absorbed into the Liskeard Central division.
Ali Bey Evrenosoğlu
Evrenosoğlu Ali Bey, known simply as Ali Bey, was an Ottoman military commander in the 15th century. He was one of the sons of Evrenos, an Ottoman general. During the 1430s he was sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Albania who, after initial defeats, suppressed the Albanian Revolt of 1432–1436 with help of the forces commanded by Turahan Bey. In 1440 he participated in the unsuccessful Ottoman Siege of Belgrade.

Evrenos
Evrenos or Evrenuz (died 1417, Yenice-i Vardar) was an Ottoman military commander and frontier lord 
active during the expansion of Ottoman power into the Balkans in the second half of the 14th century.

He served as a general under Süleyman Pasha, Murad I, Bayezid I, 
Süleyman Çelebi and Mehmed I, and played a central role in the Ottoman conquest and consolidation of 
large parts of Macedonia, Thrace, and central Greece.
Fresenius Medical Care
Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA is a German healthcare company which provides kidney dialysis services through a network of 4,171 outpatient dialysis centers, serving 345,425 patients. The company primarily treats end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which requires patients to undergo dialysis 3 times per week for the rest of their lives.

With a global headquarters in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany, and a North American headquarters in Waltham, Massachusetts, it has a 38% market share of the dialysis market in the United States. It also operates 42 production sites, the largest of which are in the U.S., Germany, and Japan.

The company is 32% owned by Fresenius and, as of 2020, generates around 50% of the group's revenue.

As of 2024, the company was ranked as #612 on the World's Best Employers list published by Forbes.

Fresenius (company)
Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA is a German multinational health care company based in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. It provides products and services for dialysis in hospitals, as well as inpatient and outpatient medical care. The company is involved in hospital management and in engineering and services for medical centers and other health care facilities. The company was ranked 411th in the 2023 Forbes Global 2000 list.
Marquess Townshend
Marquess Townshend /ˈtaʊnzənd/ is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain held by the Townshend family of Raynham Hall in Norfolk. The title was created in 1787 for George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend.

George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend
Field Marshal George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, PC (28 February 1724 – 14 September 1807), styled as the Viscount Townshend from 1764 to 1787, was a British Army officer and politician. After serving at the Battle of Dettingen during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rising, Townshend took command of the British forces for the closing stages of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham during the Seven Years' War. He went on to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland or Viceroy where he introduced measures aimed at increasing the size of Irish regiments, reducing corruption in Ireland and improving the Irish economy. In cooperation with Prime Minister North in London, he solidified governmental control over Ireland. He also served as Master-General of the Ordnance, first in the North Ministry and then in the Fox–North Coalition.
Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista
Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (lit. 'Councils of National-Syndicalist Offensive', JONS) was a nationalist and fascist movement in 1930s Spain. In 1934, it merged with the Falange Española into the Falange Española de las JONS.

Falange Española de las JONS
The Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (transl. Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive; FE de las JONS) was a national syndicalist political party founded in Spain in 1934 as merger of the Falange Española and the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista. FE de las JONS, which became the main national syndicalist group during the Second Spanish Republic, ceased to exist as such when, during the Civil War, General Francisco Franco merged it with the Traditionalist Communion in April 1937 to form the similarly named Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS (FET y de las JONS).
Rolls-Royce Trent 7000
The Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 is a high-bypass turbofan engine produced by Rolls-Royce, an iteration of the Trent family exclusively powering the Airbus A330neo. Announced on 14 July 2014, and first run on 27 November 2015. Its maiden flight was on 19 October 2017 on the A330neo. It received its EASA type certification on 20 July 2018 as a Trent 1000 variant. It was first delivered on 26 November, and was cleared for ETOPS 330 by 20 December. Compared to the A330's Trent 700, the 68,000–72,000 lbf (300–320 kN) engine doubles the bypass ratio to 10:1 and halves emitted noise. Pressure ratio is increased to 50:1, and it has a 112 in (280 cm) fan and a bleed air system. Fuel consumption is improved by 11%.

Rolls-Royce Trent
The Rolls-Royce Trent is a family of high-bypass turbofans produced by Rolls-Royce. It continues the three spool architecture of the RB211 with a maximum thrust ranging from 61,900 to 97,000 lbf (275 to 431 kN). Launched as the RB-211-524L in June 1988, the prototype first ran in August 1990. Its first variant is the Trent 700 introduced on the Airbus A330 in March 1995, then the Trent 800 for the Boeing 777 (1996), the Trent 500 for the A340 (2002), the Trent 900 for the A380 (2007), the Trent 1000 for the Boeing 787 (2011), the Trent XWB for the A350 (2015), and the Trent 7000 for the A330neo (2018). It also has marine and industrial variants such as the RR MT30.
Pleasure Island (Walt Disney World)
Pleasure Island was an area of the Downtown Disney shopping, dining and entertainment district at Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It officially opened on May 1, 1989. On September 27, 2008, all of its clubs were closed, but its retail stores and restaurants remained open. The area is now called The Landing and is the central part of Disney Springs.

Disney Springs
Disney Springs is an outdoor shopping, dining, and entertainment complex at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando.

First opened on March 22, 1975 as Lake Buena Vista Shopping Village, it has been expanded and rebranded over the years as Walt Disney World Village (1977), Disney Village Marketplace (1989), and Downtown Disney (1997), becoming Disney Springs in 2015. A similar complex is being developed on the opposite side of Walt Disney World called Flamingo Crossings.

The 120-acre (49 ha) complex includes four distinct areas: Marketplace, The Landing, Town Center, and West Side. Buses and water taxis operated by Disney Transport provide transportation between Disney Springs and other areas of Walt Disney World.
SM UC-10
SM UC-10 was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 14 November 1914 and was launched on 15 July 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 17 July 1915 as SM UC-10. Mines laid by UC-10 in her 30 patrols were credited with sinking 18 ships. UC-10 was torpedoed and sunk on 21 August 1916 by British submarine HMS E54 at position 52°02′N 03°54′E﻿ / ﻿52.033°N 3.900°E﻿ / 52.033; 3.900.

Type UC I submarine
The Type UC I coastal submarines were a class of small minelaying U-boats built in Germany during the early part of World War I. They were the first operational minelaying submarines in the world, although the Russian submarine  Krab was laid down earlier. A total of fifteen boats were built. The class is sometimes also referred to as the UC-1 class after SM UC-1, the class leader. Eleven of these U-boats joined the Flanders U-boat flotilla whilst the other four went to the Pola Flotilla.
Bushwhacker Butch
Robert Miller (21 October 1944 – 2 April 2023) was a New Zealand professional wrestler. He was best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Bushwhacker Butch, where he teamed with Bushwhacker Luke as The Bushwhackers. He was also known for his appearances under the ring name Butch Miller for promotions such as NWA New Zealand, Stampede Wrestling, Pacific Northwest Wrestling, Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling, Southwest Championship Wrestling, and the Universal Wrestling Federation, where he teamed with Luke as The Kiwis and The Sheepherders.

Along with Luke, Butch held championships including the NWA Florida Tag Team Championship, NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship, NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship, and UWF World Tag Team Championship. The duo was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2015 and the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020.

Bushwhacker Luke
Brian Wickens (born 8 January 1947) is a New Zealand professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation (later, WWE) under the ring name Bushwhacker Luke, where he teamed with Bushwhacker Butch as The Bushwhackers. He is also known for his appearances under the ring name Luke Williams for promotions such as NWA New Zealand, Stampede Wrestling, Pacific Northwest Wrestling, Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling, Southwest Championship Wrestling, and the Universal Wrestling Federation, where he teamed with Butch as "The Kiwis" and "The Sheepherders".

Along with Butch, Luke held championships including the NWA Florida Tag Team Championship, NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship, NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship, WWC North America and World Tag Team Championship and UWF World Tag Team Championship. The duo were inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2015 and the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020.
Royal Ulster Rifles
The Royal Irish Rifles (became the Royal Ulster Rifles from 1 January 1921) was a light infantry rifle regiment of the British Army, first created in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot and the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot. The regiment saw service in the Second Boer War, the First World War, the Second World War, and the Korean War.

In 1968 the Royal Ulster Rifles was amalgamated with the other regiments of the North Irish Brigade, the Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's), and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers to create the Royal Irish Rangers.

Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers
The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers was an Irish line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1968. The regiment was formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot and the 108th Regiment of Foot.

It saw service in the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. In 1968 it was amalgamated with the other regiments in the North Irish Brigade, the Royal Ulster Rifles, and the Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's) into the Royal Irish Rangers.
Pueblos Mágicos (Ecuador)
The Programa Pueblos Mágicos  (Spanish: [pweβloˈmaxiko]; "Magical Towns Programme") is an initiative led by Ecuador's Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR). The program seeks to promote tourism in a network of small and mid-sized towns that represent aspects of Ecuador's cultural heritage, and to encourage sustainable economic development in these communities. It is based on the Mexican government's program of the same name.

The network was first established in 2019, with an inaugural class of 5 municipalities. As of 16 March 2021, there were 21 designated Pueblos Mágicos, distributed among 14 of Ecuador's 24 provinces.

Pueblos Mágicos
The Programa Pueblos Mágicos  (Spanish: [pweβloˈmaxiko] ⓘ; "Magical Towns Programme") is an initiative led by Mexico's Secretariat of Tourism, with support from other federal agencies, to promote a series of towns around the country that offer visitors "cultural richness, historical relevance, cuisine, art crafts, and great hospitality". It is intended to increase tourism to more localities, especially smaller towns in rural areas.

The program promotes visiting small, rural towns, where visitors may see indigenous crafts, landscapes and other attractions. The Government created the 'Pueblos Mágicos' program to recognize places across the country that have certain characteristics and traditions that make them unique, and historically significant, offering "magical" experiences to visitors.
Niger Armed Forces
The Niger Armed Forces (French: Forces armées nigériennes, FAN) includes military armed force service branches (Niger Army and Niger Air Force), paramilitary services branches (National Gendarmerie of Niger and National Guard of Niger) and the National Police of Niger. The Army, Air Force and the National Gendarmerie are under the Ministry of Defense whereas the National Guard and the National Police fall under the command of the Ministry of Interior. With the exception of the National Police, all military and paramilitary forces are trained in military fashion. The President of Niger is the supreme commander of the entire armed forces. The National Assembly of Niger passed a statute for the Army of Niger in November 2020, planning for the army's size to increase from 25,000 personnel in 2020, to 50,000 in 2025 and finally 100,000 in 2030.

Gendarmerie Nationale (Niger)
The Gendarmerie Nationale (French: Gendarmerie Nationale Nigérienne) is the national gendarmerie of Niger. The Gendarmerie Nationale are under the Niger Armed Forces and report to the Ministry of Defense. They are responsible for law enforcement in rural areas. Niger's civilian police force, the National Police, is a separate agency under the Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization, and are responsible for policing in urban areas.

The Gendarmerie Nationale numbers approximately 3,700 members. The Gendarmerie Nationale is modeled on the National Gendarmerie of its former colonial power, France. As a paramilitary, it is uniformed, ranked and trained in military fashion.

The Gendarmerie Nationale sponsors a semi-professional football club, Union Sportive de la Gendarmerie Nationale, which plays in the Super Ligue.
Yemek
The Yemek  or Kimek were a Turkic tribe constituting the Kimek-Kipchak confederation, whose other six constituent tribes, according to Abu Said Gardizi (d. 1061), were the Imur (or Imi), Tatars, Bayandur, Kipchaks, Lanikaz, and Ajlad.

Kipchaks
The Kipchaks, also spelled Qipchaqs, known as Polovtsians (Polovtsy) in Russian sources, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe.

First mentioned in the eighth century as part of the Second Turkic Khaganate, they most likely inhabited the Altai region from where they expanded over the following centuries, first as part of the Kimek–Kipchak confederation and later as part of a confederation with the Cumans. There were groups of Kipchaks in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, China, Syr Darya, and Siberia. Cumania was conquered by the Mongol Empire in the early 13th century and integrated into the Golden Horde, which also went on to become known as Kipchak Khanate and the start of a massive Mongolisation of culture, in which when the Kipchak identity was codified permanently when they started to blur the line of Mongols and Turks to become the modern formation of Turco-Mongol identity.
Misattribution of memory
In psychology, the misattribution of memory or source misattribution is the misidentification of the origin of a memory by the person making the memory recall. Misattribution is likely to occur when individuals are unable to monitor and control the influence of their attitudes, toward their judgments, at the time of retrieval. Misattribution is divided into three components: cryptomnesia, false memories, and source confusion. It was originally noted as one of Daniel Schacter's seven sins of memory.

False memory
In psychology,  a false memory is a phenomenon where someone recalls something that did not actually happen or recalls it differently from the way it actually happened. Suggestibility, activation of associated information, the incorporation of misinformation, and source misattribution have been suggested to be several mechanisms underlying a variety of types of false memory.
Douglas O2D
The Douglas XO2D-1 was a prototype American observation floatplane of the 1930s.  It was a single engined biplane intended to be launched by aircraft catapult from ships of the United States Navy, but only one was built, the production contract going to Curtiss for the SOC Seagull.

Curtiss SOC Seagull
The Curtiss SOC Seagull was an American single-engined scout observation seaplane, designed by Alexander Solla of the Curtiss-Wright Corporation for the United States Navy. The aircraft served on battleships and cruisers in a seaplane configuration, being launched by catapult and recovered from a sea landing. The wings folded back against the fuselage for storage aboard ship. When based ashore or on carriers the single float was replaced by fixed wheeled landing gear.

Curtiss delivered 258 SOC aircraft, in versions SOC-1 through SOC-4, beginning in 1935. The SOC-3 design was the basis of the Naval Aircraft Factory SON-1 variant, of which the NAF delivered 64 aircraft from 1940.

The aircraft served as an important observation craft during WW2 for the U.S. Navy, although the Vought OS2U Kingfisher served in greater numbers.