hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.

Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term lime connotes calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast, quicklime specifically applies to the single compound calcium oxide. Calcium oxide that survives processing without reacting in building products, such as cement, is called free lime.

Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and the chemical derivative calcium hydroxide (of which quicklime is the base anhydride) are important commodity chemicals.
Cassidae
The Cassidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized, large, and sometimes very large sea snails commonly called helmet snails or bonnet snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tonnoidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.

About 60 species comprise the family Cassidae; an example is Cypraecassis rufa.

Cypraecassis rufa
Cypraecassis rufa is a species of large sea snail, a predatory marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cassidae. It is commonly known as the "bullmouth shell" or "red helmet shell", and also as the "cameo shell". Other names in English include bull's-mouth conch, red helmet and cameo shell. In German it is called "Rote Porzellanschnecke", "Rote Helmschnecke" or "Feuerofen"; and in Japanese, "マンボウガイ". It was classified in 1758 by Carolus Linnaeus, who described it as Buccinum rufum.

The shell of the snail is notable for being a historically popular choice for the production of shell cameos due to its thick shell wall.
Ń
Ń (minuscule: ń) is a letter formed by putting an acute accent over the letter N.

It represents /ɲ/ in the Belarusian Łacinka alphabet; the alphabets of Apache, Navajo, Polish, Karakalpak, Kashubian, Silesian, Wymysorys and the Sorbian languages; and the romanization of Khmer and Macedonian. This is the same sound as Spanish and Galician ñ, Czech and Slovak ň, Serbo-Croatian and Albanian nj, Italian and French gn, Hungarian and Catalan ny, Latvian and Livonian ņ, and Portuguese nh.

In Yoruba, it represents a syllabic /n/ with a high tone, and it often connects a pronoun to a verb. For example, when using the pronoun for "I" with the verb for "to eat", the resulting expression is mo ń jeun.

Acute accent
The acute accent (´, ◌́) is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of the accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed characters are available.
St. Sylvester's College
St. Sylvester's College (Sinhala: ශාන්ත සිල්වෙස්තර විද්‍යාලය; Tamil: செயின்ட் சில்வெஸ்டர் கல்லூரி) is a national boys' school located in Kandy, adjacent to the St. Anthony's Cathedral. It was founded by the Sylvestro Benedictine Congregation in 1940. It offers primary and secondary education, and the college is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education. It has more than 500 teaching staff and more than 3,000 students.

St. Anthony's College, Kandy
St. Anthony's College, Kandy (Sinhala: ශාන්ත අන්තෝනි විද්‍යාලය, Tamil: புனித அந்தோணியார் கல்லூரி) is a Roman Catholic School in Kandy, Sri Lanka. The college was established in 1854 by the Franciscan missionary, Felice Zoppi, although some sources point to a school established in 1844 and closed down the next year. The college is under the management of the Sylvestro Benedictine congregation and falls under the Diocese of Kandy. A number of notable individuals, including presidents, ministers, and parliamentarians have graduated from the college.
Behind These Hazel Eyes Tour
The Hazel Eyes Tour was the second headlining concert tour by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson. It was the second tour launched in support of her sophomore studio album Breakaway (2004), following The Breakaway Tour (2005). It began on June 29, 2005, in Del Mar, California and finished on December 18, 2005, in Spokane, Washington. Clarkson embarked on two legs of this tour before and in between the Australian and European legs of The Breakaway Tour. The July 17, concert at the UCF Arena in Orlando, Florida was streamed live on AOL and AOL Radio.

The Breakaway Tour
The Breakaway Tour was the first headlining concert tour by American pop recording artist Kelly Clarkson. It began on March 30, 2005, in Tulsa, Oklahoma and finished on March 23, 2006, in Vienna, Austria. The tour promoted her second studio album, Breakaway (2004), and this was her first tour to visit Australia and Europe. This was the first of three tours to promote Breakaway. Clarkson went on to embark on the Hazel Eyes Tour in North America before and in between the Australian and European legs of this tour.
Tarns, Cumbria
Tarns is a small farming settlement in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. It is located two miles north-east of the village of Mawbray, and twenty-three miles south-west of Carlisle, Cumbria's county town. The B5301 road runs through the settlement, and along that road the town of Silloth-on-Solway is located five-and-a-half miles to the north, and Aspatria four-and-a-half miles to the south-east. Other nearby settlements include Aikshaw, Goodyhills, Jericho, and New Cowper.

Mawbray
Mawbray is a village in the civil parish of Holme St Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. Historically part of Cumberland. It is located on the Solway Plain, 5.2 miles (8.4 km) south west of Silloth, 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of Maryport, and 25 miles (40 km) west of Carlisle. The B5300, known locally as the "coast road" runs to the west of the village.

Mawbray serves as the hub of a community of several smaller hamlets, including Beckfoot, Goodyhills, Hailforth, Holme St Cuthbert, Jericho, Newtown, Salta, and Tarns.
Finland national football team
The Finland national football team (Finnish: Suomen jalkapallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands fotbollslandslag) represents Finland in men's international football competitions and is controlled by the Football Association of Finland, the governing body for football in Finland, which was founded in 1907. The team has been a member of FIFA since 1908 and a UEFA member since 1957.

Finland had never qualified for a major tournament until securing a spot at UEFA Euro 2020. After decades of average results and campaigns, the nation made progress in the 2000s, achieving notable results against established European teams and reaching a peak of 33rd in the FIFA World Rankings in 2007. Afterward, their performances and results declined, drawing them to their all-time low of 110th in the FIFA Rankings in 2017. Seven years after their all-time low in the FIFA Rankings, as of October 2025, they sit at 72nd place in the overall ranking.

Football Association of Finland
The Football Association of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Palloliitto, abbr. SPL; Swedish: Finlands Bollförbund) is the governing body of football and futsal in Finland. It was founded in Helsinki on 19 May 1907.

The SPL organises the men's and women's national football teams, and the second to ninth tiers of national football. The premier division Veikkausliiga is organised by a distinct organisation. The SPL is based in the Finnish capital city of Helsinki.
Presidium of the Bundestag
The Presidium of the Bundestag is responsible for the routine administration of the Bundestag, including its clerical and research activities. The presidium consists of the President of the Bundestag and varying number of Vice Presidents, currently four.

President of the Bundestag
The president of the Bundestag (German: Präsidentin des Deutschen Bundestages or Bundestagspräsidentin; Präsident when the office is held by a man) presides over the sessions of the Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany, with functions similar to that of a speaker in other countries. In the German order of precedence, the office is ranked second after the president and before the chancellor.

The current office-holder is Julia Klöckner (CDU), who was elected during the first session of the 21st Bundestag on 25 March 2025.
Camden County College
Camden County College (CCC) is a public community college in Camden County, New Jersey. Camden County College has its main campus in the Blackwood section of Gloucester Township, with satellite locations in Camden, Cherry Hill and Sicklerville. The college offers Associate in Arts, Associate in Science, and Associate in Applied Science degree programs and certificate programs.

Rutgers University–Camden
Rutgers University–Camden is a regional campus of Rutgers University—a public land-grant research university—located in Camden, New Jersey. Founded in 1926 as the South Jersey Law School, Rutgers–Camden began as an amalgam of the South Jersey Law School and the College of South Jersey. It is the southernmost of the three regional campuses of Rutgers; the two others are located in New Brunswick and Newark. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

In 2024, the university was ranked 48th among the top public universities and 98th among national universities by US News and World Report.
Gänserndorf–Marchegg railway line
The Gänserndorf–Marchegg railway line is a single-tracked electrified railway line that runs 18.2 kilometres (11.3 mi) from Gänserndorf to Marchegg, in Austria. It connects the North railway line at Gänserndorf with the Marchegger Ostbahn at Marchegg, on the Slovakian border.

North railway line
The North railway line (German: Nordbahn) is a two-track, electrified railway line that runs 83.1 kilometres (51.6 mi) from Vienna, Austria to Břeclav, Czech Republic. It was built by the Emperor Ferdinand North Railway company as a part of the Warsaw–Vienna railway.
Oakland firestorm of 1991
The Oakland firestorm of 1991, also known as the Tunnel Fire, was a large suburban wildland–urban interface conflagration that occurred on the hillsides of northern Oakland, California, and southeastern Berkeley over the weekend of October 19–20, 1991, before being brought under full control on October 23. The official name of this incident by Cal Fire is the Tunnel Fire. It is also commonly referred to as the Oakland Hills firestorm or the East Bay Hills fire. The fire ultimately killed 25 people and injured 150 others. The 1,520 acres (620 ha) destroyed included 2,843 single-family dwellings and 437 apartment and condominium units. The economic loss from the fire was estimated at $1.5 billion ($3.07 billion in 2025 dollars).

1923 Berkeley, California, fire
The 1923 Berkeley, California, fire was a conflagration that consumed some 640 structures, including 584 houses in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California in Berkeley, California, on September 17, 1923.
Rustam Dushmanziyar
Rustam Dushmanziyar (Persian: رستم دشمنزار) was a Daylamite aristocrat and the ancestor of the Kakuyid dynasty. His personal name was Rustam, but was known as Dushmanziyar, which is the Daylami version of the Persian word Dushmanzar ("he who brings grief to his enemy").

Kakuyids
The Kakuyids (also called Kakwayhids, Kakuwayhids or Kakuyah) (Persian: آل کاکویه) were a Shia Muslim dynasty of Daylamite origin that held power in western Persia, Jibal and Kurdistan (c. 1008–c. 1051). They later became atabegs (governors) of Yazd, Isfahan and Abarkuh from c. 1051 to 1141. They were related to the Buyids.
Bayesian operational modal analysis
Bayesian operational modal analysis (BAYOMA) adopts a Bayesian system identification approach for operational modal analysis (OMA). Operational modal analysis aims at identifying the modal properties (natural frequencies, damping ratios, mode shapes, etc.) of a constructed structure using only its (output) vibration response (e.g., velocity, acceleration) measured under operating conditions. The (input) excitations to the structure are not measured but are assumed to be 'ambient' ('broadband random'). In a Bayesian context, the set of modal parameters are viewed as uncertain parameters or random variables whose probability distribution is updated from the prior distribution (before data) to the posterior distribution (after data). The peak(s) of the posterior distribution represents the most probable value(s) (MPV) suggested by the data, while the spread of the distribution around the MPV reflects the remaining uncertainty of the parameters.

Operational modal analysis
Ambient modal identification, also known as operational modal analysis (OMA), aims at identifying the modal properties of a structure based on vibration data collected when the structure is under its operating conditions, i.e., no initial excitation or known artificial excitation. The modal properties of a structure include primarily the natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. In an ambient vibration test the subject structure can be under a variety of excitation sources which are not measured but are assumed to be 'broadband random'. The latter is a notion that one needs to apply when developing an ambient identification method. The specific assumptions vary from one method to another. Regardless of the method used, however, proper modal identification requires that the spectral characteristics of the measured response reflect the properties of the modes rather than those of the excitation.
Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1972
Malta was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1972 with the song "L-imħabba", composed by Charles Camilleri, with lyrics by Albert Cassola, and performed by Helen and Joseph. The Maltese participating broadcaster, the Maltese Broadcasting Authority (MBA), selected its entry through a national final.

Joe Cutajar won the national final with "L-imħabba" on 12 January 1972, and was joined by Helen Micallef for the Eurovision Song Contest 1972.

Helen and Joseph
Helen and Joseph was a Maltese singing duo consisting of Joe Cutajar and Helen Micallef, best known for their participation in the Eurovision Song Contest 1972, held in Edinburgh, Scotland.

The duo briefly reunited at the Malta Eurovision Song Contest in 2022, singing "L-imħabba" on the 50th anniversary of their participation.
Gladstone Small
Gladstone Cleophas Small (born 18 October 1961) is an English former cricketer, who played in 17 Test matches and 53 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for the England cricket team. He was a part of the English squads which finished as runners-up at the 1987 Cricket World Cup and as runners-up at the 1992 Cricket World Cup.

Small was primarily a pace bowler, he was selected for the 1986–87 Ashes series in Australia, taking two five-wicket hauls that helped England win the series.

Small has Klippel–Feil syndrome, a genetic condition of the neck.

He is a Trustee of the Hornsby Professional Cricketers' Fund charity.

English cricket team in Australia in 1986–87
The England cricket team toured Australia during the 1986–87 cricket season for a five-match Test series to contest The Ashes. While in Australia, England also played a number of tour matches against state and representative teams, and competed in two One-Day International (ODI) tournaments. Under the captaincy of Mike Gatting, England retained the Ashes with a 2–1 series win.
Billy King (footballer, born 1994)
Billy King  (born 12 May 1994) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Lowland League club Bonnyrigg Rose. He has previously played for Heart of Midlothian, Rangers, Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee United, Gillingham, Greenock Morton, St Patrick's Athletic, Northern Colorado Hailstorm and Arbroath, as well as representing Scotland up to under-21 level.

Adam King (footballer)
Adam King (born 11 October 1995) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. King has previously played for Heart of Midlothian, Swansea City and Dundee United, and represented Scotland at Under-U18, -19 and -21 levels.
Diodotus I
Diodotus I Soter (Greek: Διόδοτος Σωτήρ, Diódotos Sōtḗr, "Diodotos the Savior"; c. 300 BC – c. 235 BC) was the first Hellenistic king of Bactria. Diodotus was initially satrap of Bactria, but became independent of the Seleucid empire around 255 BC, establishing the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. In about 250 BC, Diodotus repelled a Parthian invasion of Bactria by Arsaces. He minted an extensive coinage and administered a powerful and prosperous new kingdom. He died around 235 BC and was succeeded by his son Diodotus II.

His rule was recounted by Apollodorus of Artemita in the Parthian History, but this text is lost, and surviving literary sources only mention him in passing. Thus, most details of Diodotus' life have to be reconstructed from numismatics and brief references by Justin and other historians.

Euthydemus I
Euthydemus I (Greek: Εὐθύδημος, Euthýdēmos, c. 260 BC – 200/195 BC) was a Greco-Bactrian king and founder of the Euthydemid dynasty. He is thought to have originally been a satrap of Sogdia, who usurped power from Diodotus II in 224 BC. Literary sources, notably Polybius, record how he and his son Demetrius resisted an invasion by the Seleucid king Antiochus III from 209 to 206 BC. Euthydemus expanded the Bactrian territory into Sogdia, constructed several fortresses, including the Derbent Wall in the Iron Gate, and issued a very substantial coinage.
Alessandro Achillini
Alessandro Achillini (Latin Alexander Achillinus; 20 or 29 October 1463 (or possibly 1461) – 2 August 1512) was an  Italian philosopher and physician. He is known for the anatomic studies that he was able to publish, made possible by a 13th-century edict putatively by Emperor Frederick II allowing for dissection of human cadavers, and which previously had stimulated the anatomist Mondino de Luzzi (c. 1270 – 1326) at Bologna.

Giovanni Filoteo Achillini
Giovanni Filoteo Achillini (Latin Joannes Philotheus Achillinus; 1466–1538) was an Italian philosopher.

Born in Bologna, he was the younger brother of philosopher Alessandro. He studied Greek, Latin, theology, philosophy, music, antiquities, jurisprudence, poetry, etc., but did not excel in any specific field. He accumulated ample collections of antiquities.

His poetry is the most noteworthy of his work, written in what has since been considered the bad taste that prevailed at the end of the 15th century; however, most of his works have left little memory of their existence apart from their titles. One of the principal works was titled Viridario and contained a eulogy of many of his contemporaries in literature, with lessons of morality. He also wrote some remarks on Italian to the disparagement of the Tuscan dialect and the praise of the Bolognese dialect (which he had used in his poems).
Irena Lasota
Irena Lasota (born 25 July 1945 as Irene Hirszowicz) is a Polish philosopher, publicist, publisher, social and political activist, and president/co-director of the Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe. As a so-called banana youth, Lasota began her political activism as a student in Poland during the 1968 political crisis, which pitted protesting students against the then-Communist government. Soon after the March events, Lasota would emigrate to the United States, eventually returning to Europe in the first half of the 1980s to settle down in France. Lasota is to this day a frequent commentator on Polish and American political affairs, and remains an outspoken supporter of freedom of speech and democratic institutions.

Committee in Support of Solidarity
The Committee in Support of Solidarity (CSS) was an organization created on December 14, 1981, in New York City to facilitate publication of information about martial law in Poland.

The committee created its first Information Bulletin in New York City on December 22, 1981, during the period of martial law in Poland. Spokespeople for the committee as of December 12, 1982, were Miroslaw Chojecki, Jakub Karpiński, Wojciech Karpiński, Agnieszka Kolakowska, Irena Lasota, Piotr Naimski, and Eric Chenoweth. Press spokespeople were Christopher Wilcock and Agnieszka Kolakowska. To attract funding in support of Solidarity activity the committee was helped by the group of American-Polish scientists organized by Professors Stefan Niewiarowski of Temple University and Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. The committee later became the Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe.
Haustlöng
Haustlǫng (Old Norse: 'Autumn-long'; anglicized as Haustlöng) is a skaldic poem composed around the beginning of the 10th century by the Norwegian skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir.

The poem has been preserved in the 13th-century Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson, who quotes two groups of stanzas from it and some verses to illustrate technical features of skaldic diction. Snorri also drew inspiration from Þjóðólfr to redact his own version of the myths told in Haustlöng.

The poem describes mythological scenes said by the skald to have been painted on a shield: Loki's betraying of Iðunn, the goddess who kept the Æsir eternally young - who was snatched from them by the jötunn Þjazi after he had assumed eagle form; and Thor's victorious combat against the strongest of the jötnar, Hrungnir.

Þjóðólfr of Hvinir
Þjóðólfr ór Hvini (Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈθjoːðˌoːlvz̠ oːz̠ ˈxwine]; anglicized as Thjódólf of Hvinir or Thiodolf; fl. late 9th–early 10th c. AD), was a Norwegian skald, said to have been one of the court-poets of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair. His name suggests that he was from the region of Hvinir (Kvinesdal). Two skaldic poems, Haustlǫng (Autumn-long) and Ynglingatal (Enumeration of the Ynglingar), are generally attributed to him.
El Sueño de Morfeo
El Sueño de Morfeo (English: Morpheus' Dream) was a Spanish band from Asturias. Their musical style is pop rock fused with Celtic, folk rock and indie pop elements. 
They represented Spain at Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "Contigo hasta el final (With you until the end)".

Contigo hasta el final
"Contigo hasta el final" (Spanish pronunciation: [konˈtiɣo ˈasta el fiˈnal], "With you until the end") is a song composed and recorded by Spanish band El Sueño de Morfeo –David Feito, Raquel del Rosario, and Juan Luis Suárez–. It represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013, placing twenty-fifth.
Carol Judge
Carol Ann Judge (née Anderson; June 7, 1941 – December 7, 2014) was an American healthcare advocate and registered nurse who served as the first lady of Montana from 1973 until her divorce from her husband, Governor Thomas Lee Judge in the winter of 1980. To date, she remains the youngest first lady in Montana's history.

Judge was a longtime advocate for numerous issues, including universal kindergarten, health care reform, and the ratification of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. She worked in nursing and related fields within the healthcare industry for more than 32 years.

During her tenure as First Lady, she successfully lobbied for a new law to require mandatory immunizations for Montana school children, which was signed into law in 1979. She campaigned for improved conditions for patients at Montana's state psychiatric hospitals, including Warm Springs State Hospital and Boulder River School and Hospital (now called the Montana Developmental Center).

Thomas Lee Judge
Thomas Lee Judge (October 12, 1934 – September 8, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 18th governor of Montana from 1973 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 25th lieutenant governor of Montana from 1969 to 1973.