hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hooshmand Dehghan
Hooshmand Dehghan (born 1969) is an Iranian scholar and translator. His research focuses on Bábí studies and Islamic mysticism. He authored Ganj-i-Penhan (2016), a study of the life and works of Quddús. In this monograph, he performed codicological research to correct manuscript errors documented by Edward Granville Browne. The book has been cited by scholars Boris Handal and Stephen Lambden. Beyond Bábí studies, he has researched the influence of Konya on Rumi's poetry and translated thirteen books into Persian, including works by Rumi scholar William Chittick. However, some of his translations, including Andrew Mango’s Atatürk, have been subject to criticism by reviewers. Alongside his research and translation work, Dehghan was arrested in 2012 for his religious beliefs. He was later released after serving a portion of his sentence.

Ganj-i-Penhan
Ganj-i-Penhan (Persian: گنج پنهان) is a historical and textual study by Hooshmand Dehghan focused on Babi studies. The book is the first comprehensive study written solely about Quddús, (Mullá Muḥammad ʻAlí-i-Bárfurúshi), a prominent disciple of the Báb. It is held in the collections of major reference libraries. The work has gained recognition from scholars such as Stephen Lambden and Boris Handal.
Manuel Baquedano
Manuel Jesús Baquedano González (Latin American Spanish: [maˈnwel βakeˈðano]; January 1, 1823 – September 30, 1897) was a Chilean soldier and politician, who served as Commander-in-chief of the Army during the War of the Pacific, and briefly as President of Chile during the civil war of 1891.

Manuel Baquedano was of Spanish (Navarra) descent. He took part in the War of the Confederation, the revolutions of 1851 and 1859, the Occupation of Araucanía, and the War of the Pacific. He also served as Senator for Santiago and for Colchagua. He was instrumental in reorganizing the Army and establishing the Military Academy.

Chilean Civil War of 1891
The Chilean Civil War of 1891, or the Second Chilean Civil War or Revolution of 1891, was a civil war in Chile fought between forces supporting Congress and forces supporting the  President, José Manuel Balmaceda from 16 January 1891 to 18 September 1891. The war saw a confrontation between the Chilean Army and the Chilean Navy, siding with the president and the Congress, respectively. This conflict ended with the defeat of the Chilean Army and the presidential forces, and with President Balmaceda committing suicide as a consequence of the defeat. In Chilean historiography the war marks the end of the Liberal Republic and the beginning of the Parliamentary Era.
Minuscule 451
Minuscule 451 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 178 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. 
Formerly it was labelled by 79a and 90p. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.

Minuscule 181
Minuscule 181 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 101 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.

Formerly it was labelled by 40a, 46p, and 12r.
It has marginalia.
Patrick W. Murphy
Patrick Washington Murphy (September 17, 1837 – November 1, 1901), also known as P. W. Murphy, was a Canadian-born American politician and rancher. He was the founder of Santa Margarita, California. Murphy was a Democrat representing Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo Counties; and served in the California State Senate; and was a member of the California State Assembly. He is from the Murphy family who were on the first wagon train to cross the Sierra Nevada, they were early settlers in California, and the founders of early Santa Clara Valley. Murphy was nicknamed the "Black Prince" due to his complexion.

Santa Margarita, California
Santa Margarita (Spanish for "St. Margaret") is an unincorporated community located in San Luis Obispo County, California. It was founded in 1889 near Cuesta Peak and San Luis Obispo along today's State Route 58. The town's name comes from the Mexican Alta California land grant of Rancho Santa Margarita. It is home to the Santa Margarita de Cortona Asistencia site. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Santa Margarita as a census-designated place (CDP). The population was 1,291 at the 2020 census.
Pro Kabaddi League
The Pro Kabaddi League, abbreviated as PKL, is an Indian men's kabaddi league. It premiered in 2014 and airs on Star Sports. It is the most popular kabaddi league in the world and the second most watched sports league in India after the cricket league Indian Premier League.

Since its inception there have been eight different champions. Patna Pirates have won the league three consecutive times. Jaipur Pink Panthers and Dabang Delhi have won twice each, while U Mumba, Bengaluru Bulls, Bengal Warriorz, Puneri Paltan and Haryana Steelers have one title each. Dabang Delhi are the current champions after winning their second title in the 2025 edition.

Bengal Warriorz
Bengal Warriorz is a professional kabaddi team based in Kolkata, West Bengal that plays in the Pro Kabaddi League. In 2019, they won the trophy for the first time by defeating Dabang Delhi. The team is currently led by Devank Dalal and coached by Naveen Kumar Bazzad & Praveen Malik.
Gay–straight alliance
A gender–sexuality alliance, gay–straight alliance, (GSA) or queer–straight alliance (QSA) is a student-led or community-based organization, found in middle schools, high schools, colleges, and universities. These are primarily in the United States and Canada. Gay–straight alliances intend to provide a safe and supportive environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and all LGBTQ+ individuals, children, teenagers, and youth as well as their cisgender heterosexual allies. The first GSAs were established in the 1980s. Scientific studies show that GSAs have positive academic, health, and social impacts on schoolchildren of a minority sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Numerous judicial decisions in United States federal and state court jurisdictions have upheld the establishment of GSAs in schools, and the right to use that name for them.

Straight ally
A straight ally, also known as a cisgender heterosexual ally (sometimes abbreviated as a cishet ally), heterosexual ally, or cis ally (often simply called an ally), is a heterosexual and cisgender person who supports equal civil rights, gender equality, and LGBTQ+ social movements. Straight transgender people are not considered allies in this sense, as they are members of the LGBTQ+ community themselves.
City Park, Penang
The City Park, also colloquially known as the Youth Park, is an urban park within the city of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located near the Penang Botanic Gardens, the City Park was opened in 1972 as a recreational area and a green lung for the city's residents.

True to its name, the City Park contains various recreational amenities, such as playgrounds, a skating rink, swimming pools, a graffiti corner, reflexology paths and an outdoor auditorium, all of which are open to the public. The park is maintained by the Penang Island City Council.

Penang Botanic Gardens
The Penang Botanic Gardens is a botanical garden within the city of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Situated at Jalan Air Terjun (Waterfall Road), it is also colloquially known as the Waterfall Gardens because of the cascading waterfall nearby.

The original gardens were established in 1884 from an old quarry site, under the supervision of Charles Curtis, who was the first superintendent, making it one of the oldest botanic gardens built by the British in a colonial settlement.

Penang Botanic Gardens is part of Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve, recognized by UNESCO as the third Biosphere Reserve in Malaysia listed in the World Network of Biosphere Reserve (WNBR).
Sabine Glacier
Sabine Glacier (63°55′S 59°47′W﻿ / ﻿63.917°S 59.783°W﻿ / -63.917; -59.783﻿ (Sabine Glacier)) is a glacier terminating at the sea between Wennersgaard Point and Cape Kater on the northwest coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.

Lanchester Bay
Lanchester Bay (63°55′S 60°6′W﻿ / ﻿63.917°S 60.100°W﻿ / -63.917; -60.100﻿ (Lanchester Bay)) is a bay 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) wide lying east of Havilland Point, along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.
Rue de la Harpe
The Rue de la Harpe (French pronunciation: [ʁy də la aʁp]) is a street in Paris' Latin Quarter. Relatively calm and cobblestoned along much of its length, it runs in a south-easterly direction between the Rue de la Huchette and the Rue Saint-Séverin, where it turns south-west to where it ends at the Boulevard Saint-Germain. It is a largely residential street; it is graced through its odd numbers (eastern side) with a few buildings dating from the Louis XV period, but buildings along the opposite side of the street are most all of a 'Haussmannian' style of a more recent stature. Its street-front commerces are varied to its southern end, but tend towards restaurants and the tourism trade towards the river. It appeared in the 19th-century magazine, The Tell Tale, as the site of the murders which may have been the origin of the Sweeney Todd story.

Rue Saint-Séverin, Paris
The Rue Saint-Séverin (French pronunciation: [ʁy sɛ̃ sevʁɛ̃]) is a street running parallel to the river in the north of Paris' Latin Quarter. Lined with restaurants and souvenir shops, much of its commerce is dedicated to tourism.
Tressy
Tressy was an American fashion doll with a feature to adjust the length of its hair. Tressy was first produced by American Character Doll Company in the 1960s and later by Ideal Toy Company in the 1970s. The doll was invented and patented by modern furniture designer Jesse Dean and his wife, Diana.

Ideal Toy Company
Ideal Toy Company was an American toy company founded by Morris Michtom and his wife, Rose. During the post–World War II baby boom era, Ideal became the largest doll-making company in the United States. Their most popular dolls included Betsy Wetsy, Toni, Saucy Walker, Shirley Temple, Miss Revlon, Patti Playpal, Tammy, Thumbelina, Tiny Thumbelina, and Crissy. The company is also known for selling the Rubik's Cube.
Ahmed Kathrada
Ahmed Mohamed Kathrada OMSG (21 August 1929 – 28 March 2017), sometimes known by the nickname "Kathy", was a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist.

Kathrada's involvement in the anti-apartheid activities of the African National Congress (ANC) led him to his long-term imprisonment following the Rivonia Trial, in which he was held at Robben Island and Pollsmoor Prison. Following his release in 1990, he was elected to serve as a member of parliament, representing the ANC. He authored a book, No Bread for Mandela – Memoirs of Ahmed Kathrada, Prisoner No. 468/64.

Pollsmoor Prison
Pollsmoor Prison, officially known as Pollsmoor Maximum Security Prison, is located in the Cape Town suburb of Tokai in South Africa. Pollsmoor is a maximum security penal facility that continues to hold some of South Africa's most dangerous criminals. Although the prison was designed with a maximum capacity of 4,336 offenders attended by a staff of 1,278, the current inmate population is over 7,000 (a figure which fluctuates daily).
Sveti Marko Island
Sveti Marko Island (Montenegrin: Острво Свети Марко, romanized: Ostrvo Sveti Marko, lit. 'Island of Saint Mark'), historically known as Stradioti (Страдиоти), is an island on the Adriatic Sea, in the Montenegrin municipality of Tivat.

Island of Flowers
The Island of Flowers (Montenegrin: Ostrvo cvijeća/Острво цвијећа), also known as Miholjska Prevlaka (Montenegrin: Михољска превлака, romanized: Miholjska prevlaka), or Island of St. Archangel Michael (Montenegrin: Острво Свети Михаило, romanized: Ostrvo Sveti Mihailo), is an island in the Tivat municipality in the Bay of Kotor, on the Montenegrin Littoral. It has population of 100 people. The Island of Flowers is located near the town of Tivat, in the Bay of Kotor. The island is 300 m long and 200 m wide. It is connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus. Today, the island is inhabited by about a hundred people, mainly living in bungalows.

The island includes a monastery dedicated to Archangel Michael, built in the early 13th century by Saint Sava, the medieval seat of the Metropolitanate of Montenegro. It was a tourist resort for Yugoslav military personnel, closed for the general public in the Socialist Yugoslavia period.
The Dinner (2017 film)
The Dinner is a 2017 American psychological thriller film written for the screen and directed by Oren Moverman, based on the 2009 novel of the same name by Herman Koch. It is the third film adaptation of the novel, following the 2013 Dutch film Het Diner and the 2014 Italian film I nostri ragazzi. The film stars Richard Gere, Laura Linney, Steve Coogan, Rebecca Hall, and Chloë Sevigny.

The Dinner premiered at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival on February 10, 2017, and was released in the United States on May 5 by The Orchard. The film received mixed reviews from critics.

The Dinner (novel)
The Dinner (Dutch: Het Diner) is a novel by the Dutch author Herman Koch. The book was first published by Ambo Anthos in 2009. It was translated into English by Sam Garrett, published in Great Britain in 2012, and the United States in 2013. The book became an international bestseller with many translations and has been adapted into four films.
Los Angeles Salsa
The Los Angeles Salsa was an American soccer team based in Los Angeles that played in the American Professional Soccer League (APSL) and the USISL Pro League. The club played on the campus of California State University, Fullerton at Titan Stadium in Orange County, California, from 1993 to 1994. They also played home games at Weingart Stadium on the campus of East Los Angeles College in Monterey Park, California, in 1994 and various high schools in 1995.

The club, founded in 1992, was owned by ophthalmologist William De La Pena and entered the APSL in 1993 as an expansion team. They hosted the APSL Championship, which they lost to the Colorado Foxes; the Salsa played in the 1994 CONCACAF Champions' Cup and were eliminated in the second round. The team left the APSL in January 1995 after plans to play in Mexico's Primera División A fell apart due to opposition from CONCACAF. The Salsa played for one season in the USISL Pro League before folding in 1996.

Titan Stadium (Cal State Fullerton)
Titan Stadium is a 10,000-capacity stadium on the campus of California State University, Fullerton in Fullerton, California.

It is the home venue for the Cal State Fullerton Titans men's and women's soccer teams, and professional Los Angeles FC 2 of MLSNP. It is formerly the home stadium of the CSUF Football team. Other soccer clubs from Los Angeles that have played their home matches at Titan Stadium include LA Galaxy (MLS) and Angel City FC (NWSL), among other teams.
Lauren Slater
Lauren Slater (born March 21, 1963) is an American psychotherapist and writer. She is the author of nine books, including Welcome To My Country (1996), Prozac Diary (1998), and Lying: A Metaphorical Memoir (2000). Her 2004 book Opening Skinner's Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century, a description of psychology experiments "narrated as stories," has drawn both praise and criticism. Criticism has focused on Slater's research methods and on the extent to which some of the experiences she describes may have been fictionalized.

The Village Voice called her "the closest thing we have to a doyenne of psychiatric disorder."

Opening Skinner's Box
Opening Skinner's Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century (W. W. Norton & Company, 2004, ISBN 0393050955), is a book by Lauren Slater.

In this book, Slater sets out to describe some of the psychological experiments of the twentieth century.  Controversially, the author also describes the urban legend that B.F. Skinner raised his child in his Skinner box, a kind of Operant conditioning chamber, in a way which many perceived as being poorly researched and lending credit to a false claim.
Henry Allan Fagan
Henry Allan Fagan, QC (4 April 1889 – 6 December 1963) was the Chief Justice of South Africa from 1957 to 1959 and previously a Member of Parliament and the Minister of Native Affairs in J. B. M. Hertzog's government. Fagan had been an early supporter of the Afrikaans language movement and a noted Afrikaans playwright and novelist. Though he was a significant figure in the rise of Afrikaner nationalism and a long-term member of the Broederbond, he later became an important opponent of Hendrik Verwoerd's National Party and is best known for the report of the Fagan Commission, whose relatively liberal approach to racial integration amounted to the Smuts government's last, doomed stand against the policy of apartheid.

Fagan Commission
The Native Laws Commission, commonly known as the Fagan Commission, was appointed by the South African Government in 1946 to investigate changes to the system of segregation. Its members were Henry Allan Fagan, A. S. Welsh, A. L. Barrett, E. E. von Maltitz, and S. J. Parsons. It has been described as "[a]rguably the most liberal official document produced in the segregation era."
Kengo (wrestler)
Kengo Nishimura (西村 賢吾, Nishimura Kengo; born 2 September 1989) better known mononymously by his ring name Kengo is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for his tenures with Michinoku Pro Wrestling, Tenryu Project and Pro Wrestling Freedoms.

Yasushi Tsujimoto
Yasushi Tsujimoto (辻本 恭史, Tsujimoto Yasushi), better known by his ringname "brother" Yasshi (stylised as "brother"YASSHI), is a Japanese professional wrestler, known for his appearances in El Dorado Wrestling, Dragon Gate, and All Japan Pro Wrestling. He is currently working for Pro Wrestling Zero1. He was an amateur wrestler before becoming a pro wrestler.
Germaine Dieterlen
Germaine Dieterlen (15 May 1903 in Valleraugue – 13 November 1999 in Paris) was a French anthropologist. 
She was a student of Marcel Mauss, worked with noted French anthropologists Marcel Griaule (1898-1956) and Jean Rouch, wrote on a large range of ethnographic topics and made pioneering contributions to the study of myths, initiations, techniques (particularly "descriptive ethnography"), graphic systems, objects, classifications, ritual and social structure.

She is most noted for her work among the Dogon and the Bambara of Mali, having lived with them for over twenty years, often in collaboration with Marcel Griaule, with whom she wrote the book The Pale Fox (1965).

Dogon people
The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the Niger–Congo language family, meaning that they are not closely related to any other languages.

The Dogon are best known for their religious traditions, their mask dances, wooden sculpture, and their architecture. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions.
The Band Perry
The Band Perry is an American band from Greeneville, Tennessee. The band is composed of Kimberly Perry (lead vocals, guitar) and Johnny Costello (mandolin, background vocals). Kimberly's brothers Neil and Reid were members until 2025 with the former being replaced by Costello.

They signed to Republic Nashville in August 2009 and released their self-titled debut album on October 12, 2010. From this album, "If I Die Young" reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts and has been certified Diamond.

Their second album, Pioneer, was released April 2, 2013. It produced additional number one singles in "Better Dig Two" and "Done", plus the top 10 hits "Don't Let Me Be Lonely" and "Chainsaw".

The band transitioned to pop in 2017 and began to release music independently in 2018 before officially going on hiatus in 2023. Following this, Kimberly returned to her country roots and launched a solo career.

The Band Perry (album)
The Band Perry is the debut studio album by American country music group The Band Perry. The album includes five songs from the band's digital EP The Band Perry EP, which was released in April 2010. The album produced five singles: "Hip to My Heart", "If I Die Young", "You Lie", "All Your Life", and "Postcard from Paris". Of these, "If I Die Young" and "All Your Life" were number one hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. A remastered edition of the album was released on August 29, 2025, featuring three remixes of their popular hit, "If I Die Young" (including the unreleased full studio track).
Adenine nucleotide translocator
Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), also known as the ADP/ATP translocase (ANT), ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) or mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, exchanges free ATP with free ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ANT is the most abundant protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane and belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family.

Free ADP is transported from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, while ATP produced from oxidative phosphorylation is transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm, thus providing the cell with its main energy currency. ADP/ATP translocases are exclusive to eukaryotes and are thought to have evolved during eukaryogenesis. Human cells express four ADP/ATP translocases: SLC25A4, SLC25A5, SLC25A6 and SLC25A31, which constitute more than 10% of the protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These proteins are classified under the mitochondrial carrier superfamily.

ADP/ATP translocase 3
ADP/ATP translocase 3, also known as solute carrier family 25 member 6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A6 gene.

Identical copies of this gene reside on the pseudoautosomal regions of the X and Y chromosomes.
Battle of Parma
The Battle of Parma was fought on 18 February 1248 between the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the Lombard League. The Guelphs attacked the Imperial camp when Frederick II was away. The Imperial forces were defeated and much of Frederick's treasure was lost.

Lombard League
The Lombard League (Latin: Societas Lombardiae; Italian: Lega Lombarda) was an alliance of cities formed in 1167, and supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to establish direct royal administrative control over the cities of the Kingdom of Italy (which was part of the Holy Roman Empire) after many decades of de facto local self-governance.

At its apex, it included most of the cities of Northern Italy, but its membership changed with time. With the death of the third and last Hohenstaufen emperor, Frederick II, in 1250, it became obsolete and was disbanded. Although having mainly a military purpose, the Lombard League also had its own stable government (Rectores Lombardiae, i.e. Regents of Lombardy), because of which it can be considered as one of the first examples of confederation in Europe.
Taufaʻahau Manumataongo
Prince Tāufaʻāhau Manumataongo Tukuʻaho (born 10 May 2013) is a member of the Tongan royal family, second in the line of succession to the Tongan throne as the eldest child and only son of Crown Prince Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala. Tāufaʻāhau is the eldest grandson of the current King of Tonga, Tupou VI.

Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala
Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala, Crown Prince of Tonga (Siaosi Manumataongo ʻAlaivahamamaʻo ʻAhoʻeitu Konstantin Tukuʻaho; born 17 September 1985) is the heir apparent to the Tongan throne. He is the elder son and second child of King Tupou VI and Queen Nanasipauʻu. Since January 2025, he has served as minister of foreign affairs and minister for His Majesty's Armed Forces.