hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grays, Essex
Grays, historically also known as Grays Thurrock, is the largest town and administrative headquarters of the borough of Thurrock, in Essex, England. The town is located on the north bank of the River Thames, approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the east of central London, and 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the M25 motorway. Its economy is linked to Port of London industries, its own offices, retail and the Lakeside Shopping Centre at West Thurrock. At the 2021 census the Grays built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which does not include the adjoining Chafford Hundred) had a population of 44,345.

Grays Thurrock was an ancient parish. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1936 on the creation of Thurrock Urban District, which in turn became the modern borough of Thurrock in 1974. Grays Thurrock remains the name of one of Thurrock's Church of England parishes.

Purfleet
Purfleet-on-Thames is a town in the Thurrock unitary authority, Essex, England.

It is bordered by the A13 road to the north and the River Thames to the south and is within the easternmost part of the M25 motorway but just outside the Greater London boundary. It was within the traditional Church of England parish of West Thurrock. Some industry is located to the south and the area forms part of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area. Purfleet is one of seven conservation areas in Thurrock.
Eden House Hotel, Grantham
The Eden House Hotel is a building of historical significance in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. It was built as a mansion in about 1850 and for many years was called Little Gonerby House and after that Diana Lodge. It was the home of several notable people over the next century. Today it is a hotel.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.
County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen, became a crown land of the Austrian Empire, then was part of Bavaria from 1805 to 1814 when it returned to Austrian rule. From 1867, it was a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary.

Today the territory of the historic crown land is divided between the Italian autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol. The two parts are today associated again in the Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion.

Prince-Bishopric of Trent
The Prince-Bishopric of Trent (Latin: Episcopatus ac Principatus Tridentinus; German: Hochstift Trient, Fürstbistum Trient, Bistum Trient) was an ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous province of Trentino. It was created in 1027 and existed until 1803, when it was secularised and absorbed into the County of Tyrol held by the House of Habsburg. Trent was a Hochstift, an Imperial State under the authority of a prince-bishop at Trento.
Digha–Sonpur Bridge
The Digha–Sonpur bridge (Hindi: दीघा-सोनपुर पुल) or J. P. Setu (Hindi: जेपी सेतु) is a rail-cum-road steel truss bridge across river Ganga, connecting Digha Ghat in Patna and Pahleja Ghat in Sonpur. It is named after Indian independence activist Jayaprakash Narayan. It provides easy roadway and railway link between north and south Bihar.

It is 4,556m in length and the second longest rail-cum-road bridge in India, after Bogibeel Bridge in Assam. Rail service was inaugurated on this route on 3 February 2016.

This is second railway bridge in Bihar after Rajendra Setu that connects North Bihar to South Bihar. Indian Railways has constructed two railway stations on either sides of the bridge – Patliputra Junction (PPTA) and Bharpura Pahleja Ghat Junction (PHLG).

Bharpura Pahleza Ghat Junction railway station
Bharpura Pahlejaghat Junction, station code PHLG, is a railway station in Sonpur division of East Central Railway. Bharpura Pahlejaghat Junction is located in Sonpur city in Saran district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located on the north end of Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge, while Patliputra is on the south end of the bridge.  Pahleja Station is 3.81 km from Sonpur and 11.46 km from Patliputra. It is connected to Sonpur on its east side and Parmanandpur station on its west side. In June 2017, a 20 kW roof top hybrid solar plant with 20% storage facility installed and commissioned at Pahaleja Ghat railway station.
Timoteo Luberza
Timoteo Luberza de San Martín (ca. 1820 - ca. 1895) was a nineteenth-century Puerto Rican engineer from Ponce, Puerto Rico. He was responsible for the 1875 Ponce water supply system, including the dam in Rio Portugues, and the Calle del Agua masonry arch aqueduct in barrio Portugues Urbano in Ponce.  In 1864, he served briefly as mayor of the nearby town of Yauco. He is best remembered for designing Plaza del Mercado de Ponce.

Plaza del Mercado de Ponce
Plaza del Mercado de Ponce (English: Ponce Market Plaza) or, formally, Plaza del Mercado Isabel Segunda (often abbreviated as Plaza del Mercado Isabel II), is a historic marketplace building in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It was inaugurated in 1863 by Ponce Mayor Don Luis de Quixano. Designed by famed engineer Timoteo Luberza, it occupies a city block in the Ponce Historic Zone at the grid formed by Calle Atocha, Estrella, Leon, and Castillo streets. It has room for 65 kiosks. It was originally called Plaza del Capá.
Brad Benavides
Brad Domenico Benavides Agredo (born 20 July 2001) is an American racing driver who is set to compete in the FIA Formula 3 Championship for AIX Racing.

Benavides is the 2024 Euroformula Open champion with Team Motopark. He previously competed in the FIA Formula 2 Championship with PHM Racing by Charouz in 2023 and the FIA Formula 3 Championship with Carlin in 2022.

2024 Euroformula Open Championship
The 2024 Euroformula Open Championship was a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seater open wheel formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in Euroformula Open Championship specification Dallara 320 chassis cars. It was the eleventh Euroformula Open Championship season. The season consisted of eight race weekends with three races each. It started in late April and spanned until October.

Brad Benavides, a returnee to the series after last competing there in 2021, won the Drivers' Championship with three races to spare, while his teammate Fernando Barrichello won the Rookie Championship at the first race of round 5 after being the only rookie competitor for the first four rounds. Their team, Team Motopark, the only multi-car team, clinched the Teams' Championship at the third race of the same round.
Stewart Goodyear
Stewart Goodyear (born February 1978) is a Canadian concert pianist and composer. He is best known for performing all 32 Beethoven sonatas in a single day, a feat he has done at Koerner Hall (Toronto), McCarter Theatre (Princeton), the Mondavi Center (Davis, California), the AT&T Performing Arts Center (Dallas), and Memorial Hall (Cincinnati).

The Royal Conservatory of Music
The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM; French: Conservatoire royal de musique), branded as The Royal Conservatory, is a non-profit music education institution and performance venue headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 by Edward Fisher as The Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, King George VI incorporated the organization through royal charter. Its Toronto home was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995, in recognition of the institution's influence on music education in Canada. Tim Price is the current Chair of the Board, and Alexander Brose is the President and CEO.
Vijay Karnik
Vijay Srinivas Karnik is a retired Indian Air Force wing commander who is known for his leadership during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. During the war, he was in charge of Bhuj airbase. Over the course of the war, the Bhuj airstrip was destroyed in air strikes in which Pakistani bombers dropped napalm bombs. The Bhuj airport attack has been compared to the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor by some. The airfield was raided 35 times in 14 days with attacks by 92 bombs and 22 rockets. Karnik rebuilt Bhuj Airport in three days with the help of 300 local women.

Bhuj Airport
Bhuj Airport (IATA: BHJ, ICAO: VABJ) is a domestic airport and an Indian Air Force base located in Bhuj in the Kutch District of the state of Gujarat, India. It is located 4 km from the city centre. It is situated at an altitude of 257 feet (78 m), and occupies a total area of 832 acres (337 ha). It is located 100 miles (160 km) from the Indo-Pakistan border.

The airport was previously made up of two bunkers/buildings near the Bhuj Rudra Mata Air Force Base, with which it shares the runway. On one side of the passing road there was an Indian Airlines bunker. From there a coach would transport passengers across the Indian Air Force grounds to the small departures terminal.
Antikythera Ephebe
The Antikythera Ephebe, registered as Bronze statue of a youth in the museum collections, is a Greek bronze statue of a young man of languorous grace that was found in 1900 by sponge-divers in the area of the ancient  Antikythera shipwreck off the island of Antikythera, Greece. It was the first of the series of Greek bronze sculptures that the Aegean and Mediterranean yielded up in the twentieth century which have fundamentally altered the modern view of ancient Greek sculpture. The wreck site, which is dated about 70–60 BC, also yielded the Antikythera mechanism (an astronomical calculating device), a characterful head of a Stoic philosopher, and a hoard of coins. The coins included a disproportionate quantity of Pergamene cistophoric tetradrachms and Ephesian coins, leading scholars to surmise that it had begun its journey on the Ionian coast, perhaps at Ephesus; none of its recovered cargo has been identified as from mainland Greece.

Ephebos
Ephebos (Greek: ἔφηβος; pl. epheboi, Greek: ἔφηβοι), latinized as ephebus (pl. ephebi) and anglicised as ephebe (pl. ephebes), is a term for a male adolescent in Ancient Greece. The term was particularly used to denote one who was doing military training and preparing to become an adult. From about 335 BC, ephebes from Athens (aged between 18–20) underwent two years of military training under supervision, during which time they were exempt from civic duties and deprived of most civic rights. During the 3rd century BC, ephebic service ceased to be compulsory and its time was reduced to one year. By the 1st century BC, the ephebia became an institution reserved for wealthy individuals and, besides military training, it also included philosophic and literary studies.

Peripoli (περίπολοι) were troops assigned to patrol duty, the term was also used for Athenian ephebes during the two years of their ephebic training, and this phase of their service was known as peripolia (περιπολία).
Heinrich XLV, Hereditary Prince Reuss Younger Line
Heinrich XLV, Hereditary Prince Reuss Younger Line (German: Heinrich XLV Prinz Reuß jüngere Linie; 13 May 1895  –  disappeared 1945) was the head of the House of Reuss from 1928 to 1945, as well the last male member of the Reuss-Schleiz branch of the Younger Line.

Principality of Reuss-Gera
The Principality of Reuss-Gera (German: Fürstentum Reuß-Gera), officially called the Principality of Reuss Junior Line (German: Fürstentum Reuß jüngerer Linie) after 1848, was a sovereign state in modern Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. It was one of the successor states of the Imperial County of Reuss. The Counts Reuss, with their respective capitals and Residenzen at Gera,  Schleiz, Lobenstein, Köstritz and Ebersdorf, were all elevated to the title of prince (Fürst) in 1806. Their successor branch heads shared that title, while their cadets were also each titled prince (Prinz).  Thus all males of the family were properly "Prince Heinrich (Roman numeral) Reuss, J.L.", without use of a nobiliary particle, although for convenience their branch names remained in colloquial use (for example, "Prince Heinrich I Reuss of Köstritz").
Alfredo García Green
Alfredo García Green (born 29 December 1953) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN). He was the first municipal president of Loreto, Baja California Sur, following the municipality's 1992 creation, and the state's party president. García Green is the son of Consuelo Green Garayzar and stepson of Francisco Larrinaga. He has worked with the environmental NGO "Grupo Ecologista Antares", which is involved in conservation efforts in the Loreto region.

Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur
Loreto  (Spanish pronunciation: [loˈɾeto]) is a municipality in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It was created in 1992 from the partition of the neighboring Comondú Municipality. The municipal seat is in the town of Loreto, which was the former capital of Las Californias during Spanish colonial times.

The 2020 census reported a population of 18,052, about 94% of whom lived in the town of Loreto. The municipality has an area of 4,311 km2 (1,664 sq mi).
Miss Vietnam 2016
Miss Vietnam 2016 (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Việt Nam 2016) was the 15th edition of the Miss Vietnam pageant. It was held on  August 28, 2016 at Phu Tho Indoor Stadium, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Miss Vietnam 2014 Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Duyên crowned her successor Đỗ Mỹ Linh at the end of the event.

From this year's edition, the Miss Vietnam contest will closely follow the format of the Miss World contest, notably the Beauty with a Purpose sub-contest which has received much attention from the media and audience for its humanitarian purpose.

Miss Vietnam
Miss Vietnam (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Việt Nam) is the oldest and most prestigious national beauty contest in Vietnam, that has been held biennially since 1988. The contest is organized by Tiền Phong – a mouthpiece by Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the youth wing of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the country's only political organization.

The contest is held every two years, with the main goal of the contest being to seek and honor the comprehensive beauty of Vietnamese women, including: beauty, intelligence, culture and kindness. The contest is not only a beauty contest but also a place to spread good values, inspire and contribute positively to the community.

The current Miss Vietnam titleholder is Hà Trúc Linh from Phú Yên province (now Đắk Lắk province), who was crowned on June 27, 2025 in Huế.
Fraternité 2020
Fraternité 2020 (F2020) was a European Citizens' Initiative initiated at the Young European Citizens' Convention, Cluny 2010. The convention was awarded French national winner of the European Charlemagne Youth Prize in 2011. F2020's objective was to enhance EU exchange programmes such as Erasmus or the European Voluntary Service (EVS) to contribute to a united Europe based on solidarity among citizens. It was declared Europe's very first ECI on May 9, 2012, and its registration number is ECI(2012)000001 in the Commission's ECI database. To be successful, it needed to collect 1 million signatures before November 1, 2013. This target was not reached. The number of signatures actually collected was 71,057.

Erasmus Programme
The Erasmus Programme is an educational programme named after Erasmus, combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport. It was created as the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students, a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. The original idea for the programme was first developed in the 1960s by Italian pedagogist Sofia Corradi, who advocated for the official recognition of study periods abroad.
Heroologia Anglica
Herωologia Anglica (“English Heroology”, also known as Praise of English Heroes) is a series of short biographies written in Latin, with engravings made by Willem and Magdalena van de Passe, and the text written and published by Henry Holland of London. The book was published in Arnhem in 1620 in two volumes at the expense of Crispijn van de Passe (father of the painters) and the bookseller Jansson.

Van de Passe family
The van de Passe or de Passe family was a dynasty of Dutch engravers, started by Crispijn the Elder, comparable to the Wierix family and the Sadelers, though mostly at a more mundane commercial level.  Most of their engravings were portraits, book title-pages, and the like, with relatively few grander narrative subjects.  As with the other dynasties, their style is very similar, and hard to tell apart in the absence of a signature or date, or evidence of location.  Many of the family members produced their own designs, and have left drawings.
Pupin Hall
Pupin Physics Laboratories /ˈpjuːpɪn/, also known as Pupin Hall, is home to the physics and astronomy departments of Columbia University in New York City. The building is located on the south side of 120th Street, just east of Broadway. In 1965, Pupin was named a National Historic Landmark for its association with experiments relating to the splitting of the atom, achieved in connection with the later Manhattan Project. In 2009 the American Physical Society named Pupin Hall a historic site and honored Isidor Isaac Rabi for his work in the field of magnetic resonance.

Department of Physics (Columbia University)
The Department of Physics is an academic department at Columbia University in New York City, New York, United States.

The department includes approximately 40 faculty members teaching and conducting research in the areas of astrophysics, high energy nuclear physics, high energy particle physics, atomic-molecular-optical physics, condensed matter physics, and theoretical physics.

This research is conducted in Pupin Hall and the Shapiro Center for Engineering and Physical Sciences Research (CEPSR), both on the university's Morningside Heights campus, Nevis Labs upstate, and at a number of other affiliated institutions. The department is connected with research conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratories and at CERN.

Columbia has approximately 20 undergraduate physics majors and is home to about 100 graduate students.
Paisios of Mount Athos
Saint Paisios of Mount Athos (Greek: Ἅγιος Παΐσιος ὁ Ἁγιορείτης, pronounced [ˈa.ʝi.os paˈi.si.os o a.ʝi.oˈɾi.tis]; secular name: Arsenios Eznepides (Greek: Ἀρσένιος Ἐζνεπίδης); 7 August [O.S. 25 July] 1924 – 12 July 1994) was a Greek Eastern Orthodox ascetic from Mount Athos, originally from Pharasa, Cappadocia. Today, he is widely venerated by Eastern Orthodox Christians, particularly in Greece, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Montenegro and Syria.

Paisios was canonized on 13 January 2015 by the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and the church commemorates his feast day on June 29 [OS] / July 12 [NS].

July 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
July 11 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 13

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 25 by Old Calendar.

For July 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on June 29.
Garry Jennings
Garry "Gaz" Jennings is an English musician best known for his work as the guitarist for doom metal band Cathedral. In addition, he has also worked as the guitarist of thrash metal band Acid Reign, punk rock band Septic Tank and heavy metal bands Lucifer and Death Penalty.

Acid Reign
Acid Reign are an English thrash metal band from Harrogate, Yorkshire. Originally active from 1985 to 1991, they rebooted in 2015 with just Howard "H" Smith remaining from the original line-up. Along with Onslaught, Sabbat and Xentrix, Acid Reign are considered to be one of the "Big Four" of British thrash metal. They have released three studio albums: The Fear (1989), Obnoxious (1990) and The Age of Entitlement (2019).
TNBC
TNBC (or Teen NBC) was an American teen-oriented television programming block that aired on NBC from September 12, 1992 to September 28, 2002, due to its replacement with the children's-oriented Discovery Kids on NBC educational lineup. The Saturday morning block featured comical live-action series – primarily in the form of scripted sitcoms and variety series such as Saved by the Bell, California Dreams, Hang Time, One World, City Guys and others – geared toward teenagers and sometimes young adults, the majority of which were produced by such key people as Peter Engel and the network's in-house production units NBC Studios and NBC Enterprises.

California Dreams
California Dreams is an American teen sitcom that aired on NBC. It was part of the network's Saturday morning block, TNBC, premiering on September 12, 1992. Created by writers Brett Dewey and Ronald B. Solomon, and executive produced by Peter Engel, all known for their work on Saved by the Bell, the series centers on the friendships of a group of teenagers who form the fictional titular band. The series ran five seasons, airing its final episode on December 14, 1996. The series featured 40 original songs performed by the band throughout the show's run, primarily written by Steve Tyrell.
Scottish Sword of State
The Sword of State, also referred to as the Papal Sword, is a ceremonial sword that served as part of the Honours of Scotland but ceased being formally used in 2022. It was presented to the King of Scotland by Pope Julius II in 1507 and continued to be used as the sword of state for Scotland until 2022 when it was deemed too fragile to continue to be used and was replaced by the Elizabeth Sword.

Elizabeth Sword
The Elizabeth Sword is a ceremonial state sword kept in Edinburgh Castle. It is used on ceremonial occasions in place of the Sword of State, which is part of the Honours of Scotland (informally the Scottish Crown Jewels), that Scottish monarchs used at their coronation. The Elizabeth Sword, along with the Crown of Scotland and the Sceptre, were presented to King Charles III in 2023. The sword, named after Queen Elizabeth II, was commissioned in 2022.
Sarna Burhi
Sarna Burhi (en: Woman of the Grove) is a deity worshiped by various animist peoples living in the Bengal region of India and Bangladesh. Sarna Burhi is depicted as the goddess of Sal tree groves and she is strongly associated with water and plant life. The deity is traditionally worshiped by the Munda, Kurukh, and Oraon peoples of Bengal.

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta, the sal tree, sāla, shala, sakhua, or sarai, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet and across the Himalayan regions.
Newtown Square Friends Meeting House
The Newtown Square Friends Meeting House is a historic Quaker meetinghouse in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, United States, built in 1711 and expanded in 1791 and 1891.  It has housed, and continues to house, Quaker meetings for worship for over 300 years.

Newtown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Newtown Township, also referred to by the name of its post office of Newtown Square, is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Prior to 1789, it was part of Chester County, along with the rest of Delaware County.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,002.