hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bank of North America
The Bank of North America was the first chartered bank in the United States, and served as the country's first de facto central bank. It was chartered by the Congress of the Confederation on May 26, 1781, and opened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 7, 1782.

The bank's founding was based on a plan presented by Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris on May 17, 1781, including recommendations by Revolutionary-era Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, who was later appointed the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury by George Washington. Although Hamilton later noted the bank's "essential" contribution to the American Revolutionary War, the Pennsylvania government objected to its privileges and reincorporated it under state law, making it unsuitable as a national bank under the U.S. Constitution. Congress instead chartered the First Bank of the United States, a new bank, in 1791, while the Bank of North America continued as a private concern.

Superintendent of Finance of the United States
Superintendent of Finance of the United States was the head of Department of Finance, which was an executive office during the Confederation period with power similar to a finance ministry. The only person to hold the office was Robert Morris, who served from 1781 to 1784, with the assistance of Gouverneur Morris.
Renga
Renga (連歌, linked poem) is a genre of Japanese collaborative poetry in which alternating stanzas, or ku (句), of 5-7-5 and 7-7 morae (sound units or syllables per line) are linked in succession by multiple poets. Known as tsukuba no michi (筑波の道 The Way of Tsukuba) after the famous Tsukuba Mountain in the Kantō region, the form of poetry is said to have originated in a two-verse poetry exchange by Yamato Takeru and later gave birth to the genres haikai (俳諧) and haiku (俳句).

The genre was elevated to a literary art by Nijō Yoshimoto (二条良基, 1320–1388), who compiled the first imperial renga anthology Tsukubashū (菟玖波集) in 1356. The most famous renga master was Sōgi (宗祇, 1421–1502), and Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉, 1644–1694) after him became the most famous haikai master. Renga sequences were typically composed live during gatherings of poets, transcribed oral sessions known as rengakai (連歌会), but could also be composed by single poets as mainly textual works.

Tsukubashū
Tsukubashū (菟玖波集; "The Tsukuba Anthology", compiled c. 1356) was the first imperial anthology of renga. The collection was compiled by Nijō Yoshimoto. Provincial lord Sasaki Takauji played an active role in its production with 81 of his poems appearing in the final version. In addition to courtly renga, the anthology contains, in Book 19, the earliest known collection of haikai no renga.
Regular sequence
In commutative algebra, a regular sequence is a sequence of elements of a commutative ring which are as independent as possible, in a precise sense. This is the algebraic analogue of the geometric notion of a complete intersection.

Complete intersection
In mathematics, an algebraic variety V in projective space is a complete intersection if the ideal of V is generated by exactly codim V elements. That is, if V has dimension m and  lies in projective space Pn, there should exist n − m homogeneous polynomials:

in the homogeneous coordinates Xj, which generate all other homogeneous polynomials that vanish on V.

Geometrically, each Fi defines a hypersurface; the intersection of these hypersurfaces should be V. The intersection of n − m hypersurfaces will always have dimension at least m, assuming that the field of scalars is an algebraically closed field such as the complex numbers. The question is essentially, can we get the dimension down to m, with no  extra points in the intersection? This condition is fairly hard to check as soon as the codimension n − m  ≥ 2. When n − m = 1 then V is automatically a hypersurface and there is nothing to prove.
Edward C. Prescott
Edward Christian Prescott (December 26, 1940 – November 6, 2022) was an American economist. He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2004, sharing the award with Finn E. Kydland, "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles". This research was primarily conducted while both Kydland and Prescott were affiliated with the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (now Tepper School of Business) at Carnegie Mellon University. According to the IDEAS/RePEc rankings, he was the 19th most widely cited economist in the world in 2013. In August 2014, Prescott was appointed an Adjunct Distinguished Economic Professor at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra, Australia. Prescott died of cancer on November 6, 2022, at the age of 81.

Tepper School of Business
The Tepper School of Business is the business school of Carnegie Mellon University. It is located in the university's 140-acre (0.57 km2) campus in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The school offers degrees from the undergraduate through doctoral levels, in addition to executive education programs.

The Tepper School of Business, originally known as the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (GSIA), was founded in 1949 by William Larimer Mellon. In March 2004, the school received a record $55 million gift from alumnus David Tepper and was renamed the David A. Tepper School of Business.

Numerous Nobel Prize-winning economists have been affiliated with the school, including alumni Dale T. Mortensen, Oliver Williamson, Edward Prescott, Finn Kydland and faculty members Herbert A. Simon, Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller, Robert Lucas, and Lars Peter Hansen.
KULR-TV
KULR-TV (channel 8) is a television station in Billings, Montana, United States, affiliated with NBC and owned by the Cowles Company. The station's studios are located on Overland Avenue in the Homestead Business Park section of Billings, and its transmitter is located on Coburn Hill southeast of downtown.

KULR-TV was the second TV station on the air in Billings; it began broadcasting as KGHL-TV, co-owned with KGHL radio, on March 15, 1958. The station was renamed KULR-TV in 1963 when it was separated from the radio stations. It was an ABC affiliate from 1969 to 1987, when it returned to NBC. KULR-TV was purchased by Max Media in 2004 and by Cowles in 2013. Since the late 1980s, its newscasts have been a distant second-place finisher to KTVQ.

KGHL (AM)
KGHL (790 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a classic country format licensed to Billings, Montana, United States. The station is owned by KGHL Radio LLC, which is owned by the Northern Broadcasting System and features programming from CBS News Radio, Compass Media Networks, and United Stations Radio Networks. KGHL's studios and offices are located in the Northern Broadcasting building on First Avenue North in downtown Billings; the transmitter is in Lockwood.

KGHL was the first radio station in Billings and remained dominant into the 1980s.
Maruyama Park (Sapporo)
Maruyama Park (円山公園, Maruyama Kōen) is a park in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. The park was modeled after the park with the same name sited in Kyoto.

The park is home of a number of attractions such as, the Hokkaidō Shrine, the Maruyama Zoo, the Maruyama Baseball Stadium and the Maruyama Athletics Stadium.

Sapporo Maruyama Zoo
Sapporo Maruyama Zoo (札幌市円山動物園, Sapporo Maruyama Dōbutsuen) is a municipal zoo in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. It opened on May 5, 1951.

The zoo is located within Maruyama Park in western Sapporo, and is the oldest zoo in Hokkaido.
César Alierta
César Alierta Izuel (5 May 1945 – 10 January 2024) was a Spanish businessman, who was the chief executive officer and chairman of Telefónica S.A. from 26 July 2000, until replaced by José María Álvarez-Pallete in 2016. He guided the company through a significant Latin American expansion. Alierta earned a bachelor's degree in law at the Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) in 1967. Three years after his degree, he earned a master's degree in Business Administration at Columbia University in New York, United States.

Telefónica
Telefónica, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [teleˈfonika]) is a Spanish multinational telecommunications company. It has headquarters as well as a registered office in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest telephone operators and mobile network providers in the world. It provides fixed and mobile telephony, broadband, and subscription television, operating in Europe and the Americas.

Along with its Telefónica brand, it also trades as Movistar, O2, and Vivo. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. On 15 April 2012, Telefónica shut down TVA and Ajacto, which unified the brand into Vivo.
Quechee, Vermont
Quechee is a census-designated place and one of five unincorporated villages in the town of Hartford, Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the CDP was 656. It is the site of Quechee Gorge on the Ottauquechee River and is also the home to the Quechee Lakes planned community, initiated in the late 1960s, which also brought to the community the small Quechee Lakes Ski Area in the 1970s.

Quechee was known for a picturesque covered bridge at the site of the old Quechee mill, which now houses the Simon Pearce glass-blowing facility and restaurant. The bridge was severely damaged by flooding caused by Hurricane Irene in 2011. The bridge has since been rebuilt.

Quechee has a small branch post office with zip code 05059.

The region was historically inhabited by tribes of the Abenaki people; evidence exists of an ancient Abenaki village at the site of Quechee, in addition to more recent Abenaki settlements and activity throughout Hartford.

Hartford, Vermont
Hartford is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. It is on the New Hampshire border, at the intersection of Interstates 89 and 91. It is the site of the confluence of the White and Connecticut rivers; the Ottauquechee River also flows through the town. The town is composed of five unincorporated villages: Hartford, Quechee, West Hartford, White River Junction and Wilder. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,686.
Law Officer (Civil Law)
The Law Officer (Civil Law) (Chinese: 民事法律專員) is the head of the Civil Division of the Hong Kong Department of Justice. Known as the Crown Solicitor (Chinese: 民事檢察專員) before 1 July 1997, the Law Officer (Civil Law) is responsible for advising the government on civil law matters and representing the government in civil litigation. It is one of six Law Officers in the government directly reporting to the Secretary for Justice.

The current Law Officer (Civil Law) is Christina Cheung, who was appointed in 2015 and is the first woman to serve in the position.

Secretary for Justice
The secretary for justice (Chinese: 律政司司長) is the head of the Hong Kong Department of Justice, the chief legal advisor to the chief executive of Hong Kong and the government, and the chief law enforcement officer of the Government of Hong Kong. Before the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, the position was known as the Attorney-General of Hong Kong.

Like all other principal officials, the secretary for justice is appointed by the Central Government on the nomination of the Chief Executive, and is an official member of the Executive Council. The position is normally held by a legal professional, and was before July 2002 a civil service position. The secretary for justice, after the chief secretary and the financial secretary, is the third highest ranking principal official of the Government.

The current secretary for justice is Paul Lam, GBS, SC, JP.
Edison Flores
Edison Michael Flores Peralta (born 14 May 1994) is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Peruvian Liga 1 club Universitario de Deportes and the Peru national team.

Flores began his career in the youth ranks of Lima club Universitario de Deportes. In 2011, at the age of 17, he helped Universitario win the U-20 Copa Libertadores and was named best player of the tournament.

With the national team, Flores participated at the 2018 FIFA World Cup and was the joint-top scorer (together with Paolo Guerrero) for Peru in the qualifiers for said competition, with five goals. He also played at three Copa América tournaments in 2016, 2019 and 2024, helping Peru finish as runners-up in 2019.

2019 Copa América
The 2019 Copa América was the 46th edition of the Copa América, the international men's association football championship organized by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. It was held in Brazil and took place between 14 June and 7 July 2019 at 6 venues across the country. This was the first time since 1991 where no CONCACAF nation took part in the tournament.

Heading into the tournament, Chile were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2015 and 2016 editions of the tournament, but were eliminated by Peru in the semi-finals leading to the third place match against Argentina, which they also lost.

Host nation Brazil won their ninth title by defeating Peru 3–1 in the final. Argentina took third place by beating Chile 2–1 in the third-place match.
Kalbajar
Kalbajar (Azerbaijani: Kəlbəcər (listen)ⓘ; Armenian: Քարվաճառ, romanized: Karvachar) is a city and the capital of the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan. Located in the Tartar Valley, it is 458 kilometres (285 mi) away from the country's capital city Baku.

Before the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the city had a population of 7,246 people. It was captured by Armenia on 2 April 1993, after which its Azerbaijani population was expelled and replaced with Armenians. As part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement, which ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, it was returned to Azerbaijan on 25 November of that year.

Kalbajar District
Kalbajar District (Azerbaijani: Kəlbəcər rayonu) is one of the 67 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Khojaly, Agdam, Tartar, Goranboy, Goygol and Dashkasan districts of Azerbaijan, as well as the Gegharkunik and Vayots Dzor provinces of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Kalbajar. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 94,100.
Bobby Nalzaro
Pablito Galeza Nalzaro (August 11, 1963 – March 17, 2022), also known as Bobby Nalzaro or Super Bob, was a Filipino broadcast journalist, radio commentator and columnist.

He was one of Cebu's tri-media personalities. He handled daily commentary program at DYSS Super Radyo (RGMA Network) and news anchor of GMA 7 Cebuano newscast, Balitang Bisdak. He also wrote columns with SunStar Cebu and Superbalita.

Aside from his native Cebuano (Bisaya), He also spoke fluently in Chavacano, Filipino, and English.

DYSS-TV
DYSS-TV (channel 7) is a local television station in Metro Cebu, Philippines, serving as the Visayas flagship of the GMA television network. The digital service is known as DYSS-DTV by only a few people. It is owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent alongside GTV outlet DYLS-TV (channel 27). Both stations, together with radio stations Super Radyo DYSS 999, Barangay RT 99.5. It studios at the GMA Skyview Complex, Nivel Hills, Apas, Cebu City, while DYSS-TV's hybrid analog and digital transmitting facilities are located at the GMA Tower Compound, Mt. Bonbon.
Toby Ord
Toby David Godfrey Ord (born July 1979) is an Australian philosopher. In 2009 he founded Giving What We Can, an international society whose members pledge to donate at least 10% of their income to effective charities, and is a key figure in the effective altruism movement, which promotes using reason and evidence to help the lives of others as much as possible.

He was a senior research fellow at Oxford University's Future of Humanity Institute, where his work focused on existential risk. His book on the subject, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, was published in March 2020.

Nick Bostrom
Nick Bostrom (/ˈbɒstrəm/ BOST-rəm; Swedish: Niklas Boström [ˈnɪ̌kːlas ˈbûːstrœm]; born 10 March 1973) is a philosopher known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, whole brain emulation, superintelligence risks, and the reversal test. He was the founding director of the later defunct Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford and has become Principal Researcher at the Macrostrategy Research Initiative.

Bostrom is the author of Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (2002), Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies (2014) and Deep Utopia: Life and Meaning in a Solved World (2024).

Bostrom believes that advances in artificial intelligence (AI) may lead to superintelligence, which he defines as "any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest". He views this as a major source of opportunities and existential risks.
Caitlin Rooskrantz
Caitlin Aileen Rooskrantz (born 5 November 2001) is a South African artistic gymnast. She represented South Africa at the 2020 Summer Olympics and was the first South African gymnast to qualify for the Olympics without a continental quota. Rooskrantz and teammate Naveen Daries became the first female gymnasts of color to represent South Africa and the Olympics. She is the 2022 Commonwealth Games uneven bars bronze medalist, South Africa's first gymnastics medal at the Commonwealth Games since 2010. She is the 2022 African all-around champion and a two-time African uneven bars champion (2018, 2022). She is a two-time uneven bars gold medalist on the FIG World Cup series. She represented South Africa at the 2024 Summer Olympics, where she was the flag bearer of her country along with the male sprinter Akani Simbine.

2022 African Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2022 African Artistic Gymnastics Championships was the 16th iteration of the event and took place on July 8–11 in Cairo, Egypt.  Both senior and junior titles were contested.

The competition served as qualification for the 2022 World Championships.
Yashoda (film)
Yashoda is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language medical action thriller film written and directed by Hari–Harish. It stars Samantha in the title role alongside Unni Mukundan, Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, Sampath Raj, Rao Ramesh, Shatru and Murali Sharma.

Principal photography commenced in December 2021 and ended in July 2022. The film's score was composed by Mani Sharma, while the cinematography and editing were handled by M. Sukumar and Marthand K. Venkatesh, respectively. The film was released on 11 November 2022. Yashoda received mixed reviews from critics and was a commercial success.

Hari Shankar and Harish Narayan
Hari Shankar (born February 19, 1978) and Harish Narayan (born April 19, 1983) are an Indian director and writer duo predominantly working in Tamil film industry. Hari and Harish are pioneers as filmmakers of three consecutive first-of-its-kind movies in Tamil, namely Orr Eravuu (2010), India's First Viewpoint film, Ambuli (2012), first stereoscopic 3D Tamil film and Aaaah (2014), first horror anthology Tamil film.

In 2022, Hari and Harish made their Telugu cinema directorial debut with Yashoda, starring Samantha Ruth Prabhu.
Lady Jaye
Lady Jaye is a fictional character in the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline, comic books and animated series. She was originally created as a character for the G.I. Joe animated series produced by Marvel Productions and Sunbow Productions in 1984, was later produced as an action figure, and was finally introduced into the comic book in 1985. Lady Jaye is the G.I. Joe Team's covert operations specialist. She is portrayed by Adrianne Palicki in the 2013 film G.I. Joe: Retaliation.

G.I. Joe Team
G.I. Joe is the code name of a fictional elite covert special operations unit operating under the control of the United States Armed Forces in the G.I. Joe universe. In the 1960s and 1970s, a toy military adventure character called G.I. Joe was available. From 1982, the name "G.I. Joe" referred to the team, also known as the "Joe team" or the "Joes". The G.I. Joe team was introduced as the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline by Hasbro. Later, the Marvel G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero comic books and the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero television cartoons were released. The team's battle cry is "Yo Joe!"
Sarah Hoagland
Sarah Lucia Hoagland (born 4 June 1945 in Denver, Colorado) is the Bernard Brommel Distinguished Research Professor and Professor Emerita of Philosophy and Women's Studies at Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago.

Julia Penelope
Julia Penelope (June 19, 1941 – January 19, 2013) was an American linguist, author, and philosopher. She was part of an international movement of critical thinkers on lesbian and feminist issues. A self-described "white, working-class, fat butch dyke who never passed," she started what she called "rabble rousing" when she was a young woman.
Thomas Kuntz
Thomas Kuntz (born January 13, 1965) is an American multi-media artist notable for his contemporary automata. He has devoted a lifetime to acquiring the skills of a designer, sculptor, mechanic, automatist, animator, model-maker, painter and conceptualist.

Automaton
An automaton (/ɔːˈtɒmətən/ ⓘ; pl.: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people.

Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters or creatures in films and in theme park attractions.
Lummi people
The Lummi (Lummi dialect: Xwlemi or Lhaq'temish) are a Central Coast Salish people Indigenous to western Washington, namely parts of the San Juan Islands and the mainland near what is now Bellingham, Washington. Lummi people today are enrolled in the Lummi Nation, which is located west of Bellingham.

Lummi dialect
Lummi (Lummi: Xwlemi Chosen, IPA: [xʷləmi tʃɔsən]) is a dialect of the North Straits Salish language traditionally spoken by the Lummi people of northwest Washington state, in the United States. Although traditionally referred to as a language, it is mutually intelligible with the other dialects of North Straits.

Although the traditional variety of the Lummi dialect is extinct, New Lummi is spoken on the Lummi reservation and is taught at Ferndale High School, Lummi Nation School, Vista Middle School, Horizon Middle School, Skyline and Eagleridge Elementary Schools, and Northwest Indian College.
Carl von Bismarck
Carl-Eduard, Prince of Bismarck (Carl-Eduard Otto Wolfgang; born 16 February 1961), often known as Carl von Bismarck, is a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union, he sat in the Bundestag from 2005 to 2007. He is the current head of the Princely line of the House of Bismarck. His oldest son Alexei Count von Bismarck-Schoenhausen is his successor.

House of Bismarck
The House of Bismarck is a German noble family, a member of the Uradel, that rose to prominence in the 19th century, largely through the achievements of the statesman Otto von Bismarck. He was granted a hereditary comital title in 1865, the hereditary title of Prince of Bismarck in 1871, and the non-hereditary title of Duke of Lauenburg in 1890. Several of Otto von Bismarck's descendants, notably his elder son Herbert, Prince of Bismarck, have also been politicians.