hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hohlgangsanlage tunnels, Jersey
Hohlgangsanlage are a number of tunnels constructed in Jersey by occupying German forces during the occupation of Jersey. The Germans intended these bunkers to protect troops and equipment from aerial bombing and to act as fortifications in their own right.

The word Hohlgangsanlage can be translated as "cave passage installations". The Channel Island tunnels are the only ones on the Atlantic wall to be referred to as Hohlgangsanlagen.

All the tunnels except for Ho5 are incomplete, and some never progressed beyond planning. The partly complete tunnels are, nonetheless, substantial in size. Completed sections were used for various purposes such as storage.

In 1944, when construction stopped, 244,000 m3 of rock had been extracted for tunnel digging collectively from Guernsey, Jersey and Alderney (the majority from Jersey). At the same point in 1944, the entire Atlantic Wall from Norway to the Franco-Spanish border, excluding the Channel Islands, had extracted some 225,000 m3.

Hohlgangsanlage 8
Hohlgangsanlage 8 (often abbreviated to Ho8, also known as the German Underground Hospital or the Jersey War Tunnels) was a partially completed underground hospital complex in St. Lawrence, Jersey, built by German occupying forces during the occupation of Jersey during World War II. Over 1 km (1,100 yd) of tunnels were completed. After the liberation of the Channel Islands, the complex was converted into a museum detailing the occupation and remains a visitor attraction.
Coastal sage scrub
Coastal sage scrub (CSS), also called coastal scrub or soft chaparral, is a low scrubland plant community of the California coastal sage and chaparral subecoregion, found in coastal California and northwestern coastal Baja California. It is within the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.

Salvia apiana
Salvia apiana, the Californian white sage, bee sage, or sacred sage is an evergreen perennial shrub that is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, found mainly in the coastal sage scrub habitat of Southern California and Baja California, on the western edges of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts.
Belal Muhammad
Belal Muhammad (born July 9, 1988) is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former UFC Welterweight Champion. As of February 3, 2026, he is #4 in the UFC welterweight rankings. A professional since 2012, he has also competed for Bellator and Titan FC.

Titan Fighting Championships
Titan Fighting Championship (Titan FC) is an American mixed martial arts promotion based out of Pompano Beach, Florida.  Their shows were originally run in and near Kansas City and have since expanded to include venues all over North America and eventually, international locations. Since July 2015, Titan FC events are broadcast on the UFC online streaming service UFC Fight Pass, which also showcases a library of the organization's previous events.
Propitiation
Propitiation is the act of appeasing or making well-disposed a deity, thus incurring divine favor or avoiding divine retribution. It is related to the idea of atonement and sometimes mistakenly conflated with expiation. The discussion here encompasses usage only in the Christian tradition.

Atonement
Atonement, atoning, or making amends is the concept of a person taking action to correct previous wrongdoing on their part, either through direct action to undo the consequences of that act, equivalent action to do good for others, or some other expression of feelings of remorse. Atonement "is closely associated to forgiveness, reconciliation, sorrow, remorse, repentance, reparation, and guilt". It can be seen as a necessary step on a path to redemption. Expiation is the related concept of removing guilt, particularly the undoing of sin or other transgressions in religious contexts.
Marina South
Marina South is a planning area located within the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. It is largely home to Gardens by the Bay as well as the Marina Barrage. The name has also been used to refer to the larger peninsula the planning area is situated on, which encompasses the planning areas of Straits View and a portion of the Downtown Core.

Marina South is bordered by Marina East to the north and northeast, Straits View to the southwest, the Downtown Core to the north and west, as well as the Singapore Straits to the south and east.

Straits View
Straits View is a planning area located in the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. The area is currently relatively undeveloped, with fewer commercial developments compared to the adjacent Downtown Core.

Straits View planning area is bounded by Marina South to the north, the Downtown Core to the northwest and west, and the Singapore Strait to the south.
KBBT
KBBT (98.5 FM, "98.5 The Beat") is a rhythmic contemporary radio station serving the San Antonio, Texas area, but is licensed to Schertz. This station is owned by Uforia Audio Network under licensee Univision Radio Illinois, Inc. The station's studios are located in Northwest San Antonio and the transmitter site located in the unincorporated Bexar County near Government Canyon Park.

KVBH
KVBH (107.5 FM) is a commercial radio station in San Antonio, Texas. The station is owned by Uforia Audio Network and it airs a rhythmic adult contemporary radio format. Studios and offices are located on Network Boulevard in Northwest San Antonio. The transmitter site is in Elmendorf, on Elmendorf-Lavonia Road.
Arrows Ostrava
SKSB Arrows Ostrava, z.s., or simply Arrows Ostrava, is a baseball team from Ostrava, Czech Republic. The team plays in the Czech Extraliga and have won the league title three times in 2018, 2019 and 2021.

Czech Baseball Extraliga
The Czech Baseball Extraliga, or simply Extraliga, is the highest level of baseball in the Czech Republic. The league was established in 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The league is currently contested by eight teams and the games are played from April to May with the playoffs beginning in June.

The Extraliga operates a promotion and relegation system with the 1. Liga (the second tier baseball league in Czech Republic) where the bottom teams from the Extraliga are relegated to the 1. Liga and the top teams from the 1. Liga are promoted to the Extraliga.
Feltham and Heston
Feltham and Heston is a constituency in Greater London created in 1974 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Since 2011, its Member of Parliament (MP) has been Seema Malhotra of Labour Co-op.

2011 Feltham and Heston by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Feltham and Heston was held on 15 December 2011, caused by the death of incumbent Labour Party MP Alan Keen. It was won by Seema Malhotra, the Labour candidate, who held the seat with an increased vote share.
John Robins (comedian)
John Michael David Robins (born 4 May 1982) is an English stand-up comedian and radio presenter. He is known for co-hosting his radio show and podcast with Elis James on BBC Radio 5 Live, and in 2017 he was the joint-winner of the Edinburgh Comedy Award.

Elis James and John Robins
Elis James and John Robins is a weekly radio show and bi-weekly podcast presented by British comedians Elis James and John Robins. Formerly broadcast on commercial radio station Radio X, the show aired on BBC Radio 5 Live on Friday afternoons until the end of 2023. The show was also released as a weekly podcast from BBC Sounds with a specially-recorded intro. From 6 February 2024, the show changed formats to two weekly podcasts, with a one-hour highlights broadcast on 5 Live on Friday afternoons – a change nicknamed "The Great Reset".

Robins has described the show as "a commercial indie radio show that has got wildly out of hand".
American Airlines Flight 1 (1936)
American Airlines Flight 1 was a regularly scheduled domestic passenger flight. On January 14, 1936, a Douglas DC-2 airliner, operating the flight that day on its then Memphis to Little Rock route, crashed 14 minutes after departure. Everyone aboard, including 14 passengers and 3 crew members, were killed. The cause of the crash remains undetermined. As of 2025, it remains the deadliest crash in Arkansas state history.

Douglas DC-2
The Douglas DC-2 is a retired 14-passenger, twin-engined airliner that was produced by the American company Douglas Aircraft Company starting in 1934. It competed with the Boeing 247. In 1935, Douglas produced a larger version called the DC-3, which became one of the most successful aircraft in history.
Batistomyces
Batistomyces is a small genus of fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. It has two species of leaf-dwelling (foliicolous) lichens. These microlichens form very thin layers on the surface of leaves, appearing to the naked eye as small, fuzzy dark patches due to their numerous short black bristles.

Gomphillaceae
The Gomphillaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. They occur mainly in tropical regions, where many species are adapted to humid rainforests and grow directly on leaves rather than on bark or rock. The family contains about 46 genera and more than 800 species, although the true total may be higher because genetic work has revealed extensive cryptic diversity. Many members reproduce using specialised structures and produce few or none of the lichen products that are typical of other lichen groups. A major molecular phylogenetics-led reorganisation in 2023 formalised this revised classification, recognising and establishing 17 genera as new or reinstated.
Terror Squad (group)
Terror Squad was an American hip-hop collective established in 1998. Based in the Bronx in New York City, the members of Terror Squad were first heard on member Fat Joe's albums Jealous One's Envy and Don Cartagena. Terror Squad released its debut album, Terror Squad: The Album, in 1999, with its first major hit "Whatcha Gon' Do", credited mostly to Big Pun, who died of a heart attack in 2000. After Big Pun's death, his longtime partners Cuban Link and Triple Seis left the group and were subsequently replaced by Remy Martin (later known as Remy Ma) and Tony Sunshine. In 2004, their song "Lean Back" peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Remy Ma
Reminisce Kioni Smith (formerly Mackie; born May 30, 1980), known professionally as Remy Ma, is an American rapper. Discovered by the late rapper Big Pun, she came to prominence for her work as a member of Fat Joe's group, Terror Squad. Her debut solo album, There's Something About Remy: Based on a True Story (2006), sold 37,000 copies in its first week. Ma's most commercially successful songs include "Lean Back", "Conceited", and "All the Way Up".

She is one of five multi-time winners of the BET Award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist, which she won in 2005 and 2017. Ma is the recipient of two Vibe Awards, two Source Awards, and has been nominated for four Grammy Awards. From 2015 to 2020, she starred on VH1's reality series Love & Hip Hop: New York, alongside her ex-husband Papoose.
Ich weiß, daß mein Erlöser lebt, TWV 1:877
Ich weiß, daß mein Erlöser lebt (I know that my Redeemer lives), TWV 1:877, BWV 160, is a church cantata composed around 1725 by Georg Philipp Telemann for Easter Sunday, formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach.

Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Works Catalogue), abbreviated TWV, is the numbering system identifying compositions by Georg Philipp Telemann, published by musicologist Martin Ruhnke.

The prefix TWV is generally followed by a genre number, a letter indicating the key (in some cases), and a work number. The genre number indicates the general type or medium of the work. A major key is in upper case, a minor key in lower case.  The second number is the work's number within the genre. For example, Telemann's Concerto polonois in B flat major for strings and basso continuo is TWV 43:B3. His Orchestral suite in D major is TWV 55:D18, and his Overture in G minor is TWV 55:g4.

Vocal works were catalogued in a similar way by Werner Menke in the Telemann-Vokalwerke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Vocal Works Catalogue), abbreviated TVWV. For example, Telemann's Johannes-Passion is TVWV 5:42. His Times of the Day cantata is TVWV 20:39.
Bouldnor Formation
The Bouldnor Formation is a geological formation in the Hampshire Basin of southern England. It is the youngest formation of the Solent Group and was deposited during the uppermost Eocene and lower Oligocene.

Hampshire Basin
The Hampshire Basin is a geological basin of Palaeogene age in southern England, underlying parts of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Dorset, and Sussex. Like the London Basin to the northeast, it is filled with sands and clays of Paleocene and younger ages and it is surrounded by a broken rim of chalk hills of Cretaceous age.
Leukocidin
A leukocidin is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (Staphylococcus). It is a type of pore-forming toxin. Leukocidins fall into the category of bacterial invasin. Invasins are enzymatic secretions that help bacteria invade the host tissue to which they are attached. Although similar to exotoxins, invasins are different in two respects: they work through much less specific mechanisms than exotoxins, and their actions are generally more localized.

Leukocidins get their names by killing ("-cide") leukocytes. Leukocidins target phagocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, and therefore affect both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Pore-forming toxin
Pore-forming proteins (PFTs, also known as pore-forming toxins) are usually produced by bacteria, and include a number of protein exotoxins but may also be produced by other organisms such as apple snails that produce perivitellin-2 or  earthworms, who produce lysenin. They are frequently cytotoxic (i.e., they kill cells), as they create unregulated pores in the membrane of targeted cells.
FIFA U-20 World Cup
The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship tournament for FIFA members' men's national teams with players under the age of 20. The competition has been staged every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1977 when it was hosted by Tunisia under the tournament name of FIFA World Youth Championship until 2005. In 2007 the name was changed to its present form. FIFA bills the men's Under-20 World Cup as "the tournament of tomorrow's superstars." Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi and Paul Pogba are previous winners of the official player of the tournament award, and Erling Haaland was the top scorer at the 2019 edition. The reigning champions are Morocco, which won their first title at the 2025 tournament in Chile.

Morocco national under-20 football team
Morocco national under-20 football team, represents Morocco in association football at an under-20 age level and is controlled by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation, the governing body for football in Morocco. The current coach is Mohamed Ouahbi.
Whaleyville, Virginia
36°35′18″N 76°41′05″W﻿ / ﻿36.58833°N 76.68472°W﻿ / 36.58833; -76.68472

Whaleyville is a neighborhood of Suffolk, Virginia, United States.  It was formerly an incorporated town located in southern Nansemond County, Virginia. Whaleyville is located midway between the former county seat at downtown Suffolk and the North Carolina border along U.S. Route 13.

Whaleyville is part of the region popularly known as Hampton Roads. The community is represented on Suffolk City Council by Council Member LeOtis Williams.

The Great Dismal Swamp is located a few miles east of Whaleyville.

Nansemond County, Virginia
Nansemond is an extinct jurisdiction that was located south of the James River in Virginia Colony and in the Commonwealth of Virginia (after statehood) in the United States, from 1646 until 1974. It was known as  Nansemond County until 1972. From 1972 to 1974, a period of eighteen months, it was the independent city of Nansemond. It is now part of the independent city of Suffolk.

English colonists named it for the Nansemond, a tribe of Native Americans who had long been living along the Nansemond River, a tributary of what the English later named as the James River.  They encountered the English colonists after they began arriving in 1607 at Jamestown. Although disrupted by being forced off their land and through armed confrontation with colonists, the Nansemond Indian Nation continues to be based in Virginia and was granted state (1985) and federal recognition (2018).
Missouri Route 31
Route 31 is a highway in northwestern Missouri.  Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 169 in northwestern De Kalb County; its southern terminus is at US 169 southeast of St. Joseph.

Route 31 was one of the original 1922 state highways.  Its northern terminus was originally five miles further north in King City at Route 4.  That section of Route 31 became part of U.S. Route 169.

DeKalb County, Missouri
DeKalb County is a county located in the northwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,029. Its county seat is Maysville. The county was organized February 25, 1845 and named for General Johann de Kalb, Baron de Kalb, of the Revolutionary War. DeKalb County is part of the St. Joseph, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.
Glenn Dakin
Glenn Dakin (born 1960) is a British cartoonist and author of children's books. He is the author of the Candle Man book series, and he contributed to a number of British comics magazines including Escape and Deadline, and was part of the British small press comics scene in the 1980s. His main creations are Temptation and the semi-autobiographical strip Abe.

Escape (magazine)
Escape magazine was a  British comic strip magazine founded and edited by Paul Gravett and Peter Stanbury. Nineteen issues were published between 1983 and 1989.  Eddie Campbell, Phil Elliott and Glenn Dakin were amongst the many cartoonists published within its pages. Escape Publishing also released a limited number of graphic novels in the period 1984–1989, some co-published with Titan Books.
Thomas Crawford (sculptor)
Thomas Gibson Crawford (March 22, 1814 – October 10, 1857) was an American sculptor who is best known for his numerous artistic contributions to the United States Capitol, including the Statue of Freedom atop its dome.

Statue of Freedom
The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford that, since 1863, has crowned the United States Capitol dome. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace, a U.S. government publication now states that the statue "is officially known as the Statue of Freedom." The statue depicts a female figure bearing a military helmet and holding a sheathed sword in her right hand and a laurel wreath and shield in her left.
Ludwig Prandtl
Ludwig Prandtl (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈpʁantl̩]; 4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlying the science of aerodynamics, which have come to form the basis of the applied science of aeronautical engineering. In the 1920s, he developed the mathematical basis for the fundamental principles of subsonic aerodynamics in particular; and in general up to and including transonic velocities. His studies identified the boundary layer, thin-airfoils, and lifting-line theories. The Prandtl number was named after him.

Lifting-line theory
The Lanchester–Prandtl lifting-line theory is a mathematical model in aerodynamics that predicts lift distribution over a three-dimensional wing from the wing's geometry.  The theory was expressed independently by Frederick W. Lanchester in 1907, and by Ludwig Prandtl in 1918–1919 after working with Albert Betz and Max Munk.  In this model, the vortex bound to the wing develops along the whole wingspan because it is shed as a vortex-sheet from the trailing edge, rather than just as a single vortex from the wing-tips.
Oppstryn Church
Oppstryn Church (Norwegian: Oppstryn kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Oppstryn, on the shore of the lake Oppstrynsvatnet. It is the church for the Oppstryn parish which is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1863 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 300 people.

Oppstrynsvatnet
Oppstrynsvatnet (known locally as Strynevatnet) is a lake in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the village of Stryn (the administrative centre of the municipality). The villages of Flo, Oppstryn, and Erdal are located on the shores of the lake.

The lake has an area of 22.92 square kilometres (8.85 sq mi) and is surrounded by many large mountains and glaciers which feed into the lake.  The main outflow of the lake is the river Stryneelva which flows west into the Nordfjorden.

Some of the local attractions include the Jostedalsbreen nasjonalparksenter, Jostedalsbreen National Park, the mountain Skåla, and the glacier Tindefjellbreen. The Norwegian National Road 15 highway runs along the southern shore of the lake. Oppstryn Church sits right on the shore overlooking the lake.
James Simpson (Bible Christian)
James Simpson JP (9 July 1812 – 2 September 1859) was an English Bible Christian deacon and social reformer. Based at Foxhill Bank near Accrington, Lancashire, he supported a range of social and political reforms and was active in the vegetarianism, temperance, anti-tobacco, anti-Corn Law and peace movements. Simpson was a member of the Anti-Corn Law League and served as vice-president of the United Kingdom Alliance. He co-founded the Vegetarian Society and served as its first president (1847–1849), later publishing and editing its journal, The Vegetarian Messenger. He was a justice of the peace for Lancashire.

Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)
The Bible Christian Church was a Christian vegetarian sect founded by William Cowherd in Salford, Greater Manchester, in 1809, as a spilt from the Swedenborgians. Members of the church were committed vegetarians and the church was foundational in the formation of the British and American vegetarian movements.
Styx (film)
Styx is a 2018 German-Austrian drama film directed by Wolfgang Fischer. The film features Susanne Wolff as Rike, an emergency doctor who is sailing her yacht solo off North Africa when she comes across a boat full of asylum seekers in distress after a storm has damaged their vessel. Styx was screened in the Panorama section at the 68th Berlin International Film Festival. It was highly praised by critics and won many awards, including at the German Directors Guild Awards, the German Film Awards, Boulder International Film Festival, and the FIPRESCI Prize at the Ljubljana International Film Festival, and was nominated for many others.

German Directors Guild
The German Directors Guild (German: Bundesverband Regie; BVR) is an association representing film and television directors in Germany. Its functions include protection of their members' rights to assert authorship; minimum fees; filming conditions; and liaising with government and other bodies to advocate for various issues affecting their members. From 2012 to 2018 it awarded film awards known as the Metropolis Film Award (also referred to as the German Directors Guild Awards).