hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint-Jean-d'Angély
Saint-Jean-d'Angély (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ dɑ̃ʒeli] ⓘ; Saintongeais: Sént-Jhan-d'Anjhéli) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.

The commune has its historical origins in the Abbey of Saint-Jean-d'Angély.

Charente-Maritime
Charente-Maritime (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁɑ̃t maʁitim] ⓘ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine; Occitan: Charanta Maritima) is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, on the country's west coast. Named after the river Charente, its prefecture is La Rochelle. As of 2019, it had a population of 651,358 with an area of 6,864 square kilometres (2,650 sq mi).
Safari park
A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial drive-in tourist attraction where visitors can drive their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals.

A safari park is larger than a zoo and smaller than a game reserve. For example, African Lion Safari in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada is 750 acres (3.0 km2). For comparison, Lake Nakuru in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, is 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), and a typical large game reserve is Tsavo East, also in Kenya, which encompasses 11,747 square kilometres (4,536 sq mi).

Many parks have conservation programmes with endangered animals like: elephants, white rhinos, giraffes, lions, tigers, cheetahs and wild dogs.

African Lion Safari
African Lion Safari is a family-owned safari park in Southern Ontario, Canada, located in the city of Hamilton, which is 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Toronto.  Guests may tour seven game reserves, with a total area of about 740 acres (300 hectares), on tour buses or in visitors' own vehicles, where animals roam freely in contained areas. Accompanying the game reserves is a walking section where exotic birds and primates, as well as the park's herd of Asian elephants, are on display.

African Lion Safari is an accredited member of the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums, and is also a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), the International Elephant Foundation (IEF) as well as the International Association of Avian Trainers and Educators (IAATE).
Herman Kountze
Herman Kountze (August 21, 1833 – November 20, 1906) was a powerful and influential pioneer banker in Omaha, Nebraska, during the late 19th century. After organizing the Kountze Brothers Bank in 1857 as the second bank in Omaha, Herman and his brothers Augustus, Charles and Luther changed the charter in 1863, opening the First National Bank of Omaha that year. Kountze was involved in a number of influential ventures around Omaha, including the development of the Omaha Stockyards and the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition of 1898.  Immediately after his death Kountze was regarded as one of Omaha's "old settlers". Today Kountze's First National Bank is the oldest bank west of the Mississippi River, and continues as a privately held company in its sixth generation of family ownership.

Trans-Mississippi Exposition
The Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition was a world's fair held in Omaha, Nebraska, from June 1 to November 1, 1898. Its goal was to showcase the development of the entire West from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coast. The Indian Congress was held concurrently. Over 2.6 million people came to Omaha to view the 4,062 exhibits during the five months of the Exposition. President William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan were among the dignitaries who attended at the invitation of Gurdon Wattles, the event's leader. A hundred thousand people assembled on the plaza to hear them speak. The Expo stretched over a 180-acre (0.73 km2) tract in North Omaha and featured a 2,000-foot-long (610 m) lagoon encircled by 21 classical buildings that featured fine and modern products from around the world.

One reporter wrote, "Perhaps the candid Nebraskan would tell you in a moment of frank contriteness that the prime object of this exposition was to boom Omaha."
Horatio Spafford
Horatio Gates Spafford (October 20, 1828, Troy, New York – September 25, 1888, Jerusalem) was an American lawyer and Presbyterian church elder. He is best known for penning the Christian hymn "It Is Well With My Soul" following the Great Chicago Fire (1871), and the deaths of his four daughters on a transatlantic voyage aboard the S.S. Ville du Havre.

SS Ville du Havre
Ville du Havre (French: [vil dy avʁ]) was a French iron steamship that operated round trips between the northern coast of France and New York City. Launched in November 1865 under her original name of Napoléon III, she was converted from a paddle steamer to single propeller propulsion in 1871 and, in recognition of the recent defeat and removal from power of her imperial namesake, the Emperor Napoleon III, was renamed Ville du Havre. It was named after Le Havre, a major port city in the Normandy region of northern France.

In the early hours of 22 November 1873, Ville du Havre collided with the British three-masted iron clipper, Loch Earn and sank in 12 minutes with the loss of 226 lives. Only 61 passengers and 26 crew members survived, rescued by Loch Earn and subsequently Tremountain, an American vessel.
San'in Main Line
The San'in Main Line (山陰本線, San'in-honsen) is a railway line in western Japan, which connects Kyoto and Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is the major railway line of the San'in region, approximately paralleling the Japan Sea, crossing Kyoto, Hyōgo, Tottori, Shimane, and Yamaguchi prefectures. The main portion from Kyoto to Hatabu is the longest single continuous railway line in Japan at 673.8 km (418.7 mi), although no regularly scheduled train operates over the entire line.

The section between Kyoto and Sonobe, connecting Kyoto and its northern suburbs, is a part of JR West's Urban Network and is nicknamed the Sagano Line.

Kyōto Station
Kyōto Station (京都駅, Kyōto-eki) is a major railway station and transportation hub in Kyōto, Japan. It has Japan's second-largest station building (after Nagoya Station) and is one of the country's largest buildings, incorporating a shopping mall, hotel, movie theater, Isetan department store, and several local government facilities under one 15-story roof.
Colorado State Rams men's basketball
The Colorado State Rams men's basketball team represents Colorado State University, located in Fort Collins, Colorado. The team plays their home games at Moby Arena and are members of the Mountain West Conference. The Rams have reached the NCAA tournament 13 times, most recently in 2025. Colorado State will be joining the Pac-12 for the 2026–27 season.

Moby Arena
Moby Arena is an 8,083-seat basketball arena on the campus of Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. The arena, officially known as the Colorado State Auditorium-Gymnasium, was opened on January 24, 1966, with a victory over New Mexico State. The arena was built to replace South College Gymnasium, which was built in 1926 and seated 1,500 people.
Mark Zug
Mark Zug (born 1959) is an artist and illustrator, who worked with the Septimus Heap series and Harlan Ellison's adaptation of I, Robot. Zug has illustrated many collectible card games, including Magic: The Gathering and Dune, books, and magazines. He lives in Pennsylvania.

I, Robot
I, Robot is a fixup collection of science fiction short stories by American writer Isaac Asimov. The stories originally appeared in the American magazines Super Science Stories and Astounding Science Fiction between 1940 and 1950. In 1950, the stories were compiled into a single publication by Gnome Press, in an initial edition of 5,000 copies.

In 1982, all the short stories, minus the frame story, were included in The Complete Robot.
Bullet from a Gun (album)
Bullet from a Gun is the only album by British rapper and producer Derek B, released in 1988 on Tuff City Records. It reached number nine on the UK Albums Chart. American rap mogul Russell Simmons signed Derek to Rush Artist Management and the album was re-released on Profile Records later in the year. Thanks to the tie-up with Simmons, Derek B toured the world with Public Enemy and Run-DMC that year to promote the album.

The album was one of the first successful hip hop albums by a British artist, and has been cited as an influence by later stars of British urban music. Former BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe has said Bullet from a Gun "was a massive album for me" and London rapper Ty recalls "he was absolutely groundbreaking. He definitely broke the door down."

Derek B
Derek Boland (15 January 1965 – 15 November 2009), better known by his stage name Derek B, was a British rapper. His most commercially successful releases were "Goodgroove" and "Bad Young Brother" in 1988.
Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano
Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, 6th Prince of Carignano (24 October 1770 – 16 August 1800) was a Prince of Savoy and later the Prince of Carignano between 1780 and 1800, and the paternal grandfather of Vittorio Emanuele II, the first king of a united Italy.

House of Savoy-Carignano
The House of Savoy-Carignano (Italian: Savoia-Carignano; French: Savoie-Carignan) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Savoy. It was founded by Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano (1596–1656), an Italian military commander who was the fifth son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. His descendants were accepted as princes étrangers at the court of France, where some held prominent positions. Upon the extinction of the main Savoy line, they eventually came to reign as kings of Sardinia from 1831 to 1861, and as kings of Italy from 1861 until the dynasty's deposition in 1946. The Savoy-Carignano family also briefly supplied a king each to Spain and Croatia, as well as queens consort to Bulgaria and Portugal.
Ormond Gerald Smith
Ormond Gerald Smith (August 30, 1860 – April 17, 1933) was the president of Street & Smith.

He was the youngest son of Mary Jellett Duff (1838 – c.1885) and Francis Shubael Smith I (1819–1887). Francis partnered with Francis Scott Street and started the publishing firm of Street & Smith. Ormond had the following siblings: Francis Shubael Smith II (1854–?); Cora A. Smith (1857–?) who married George H. Gould; and George Campbell Smith (1859–?). He graduated from Harvard University in 1883, and joined his father at Street & Smith after graduation. On December 25, 1899 Ormond married Grace Hewitt Pellett and they had one child: Gerald Hewitt Smith who attended Princeton University. Ormond was a member Society of the War of 1812, the St. Nicholas Society, and the Society of Colonial Wars. He died in 1933 in Manhattan.

Street & Smith
Street & Smith or Street & Smith Publications, Inc., was a New York City publisher specializing in inexpensive paperbacks and magazines referred to as dime novels and pulp fiction.  They also published comic books and sporting yearbooks. Among their many titles was the science fiction pulp magazine Astounding Stories, acquired from Clayton Magazines in 1933, and retained until 1961. Street & Smith was founded in 1855, and was bought out in 1959. The Street & Smith headquarters were at 79 Seventh Avenue in Manhattan; they were designed by Henry F. Kilburn. Notable creations to emerge from the company include The Shadow, Doc Savage and The Avenger.
Mary J. Newill
Mary Jane Newill (1860–1947) was an English painter, embroiderer, teacher, book illustrator and stained glass designer associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement. As a stained glass artist, she was a disciple of stained glass designer, Selwyn Image. Newill was a member of the Birmingham Group, an informal group of artists and craftsment that worked in Birmingham, England.

Selwyn Image
Selwyn Image (17 February 1849, Bodiam, Sussex – 21 August 1930, London) was a British artist, designer, writer and poet associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement. He designed stained glass windows, furniture and embroidery, and illustrated books. He was the seventh Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford from 1910 to 1916.
Yuan Shanshan
Yuan Shanshan (Chinese: 袁姗姗, born 22 February 1987) also known as Mabel Yuan is a Chinese actress and singer. She is noted for her roles as in the Gong series: Palace II (2012) and Palace III (2013); as well as Swordsman (2013) and Jian Bing Man (2015).

Palace 3: The Lost Daughter
Palace 3: The Lost Daughter (Chinese: 宫锁连城) is a 2014 Chinese television series written and produced by Yu Zheng, starring Yuan Shanshan, Lu Yi, Gao Yunxiang, Shirley Dai and Yang Rong. It is a sequel to the 2012 television series Palace II. The series was first broadcast on Hunan Television in mainland China from 7 April to 4 May 2014.

The series was a commercial success, and set a new ratings record for a drama’s initial broadcast on a provincial-level television channel for the year. It is later followed by the film The Palace (2013 film).

In December 2014, author Chiung Yao won a lawsuit against screenwriter Yu Zheng, claiming that he plagiarized Palace 3 from her 1992 novel Plum Blossom Scar. Yu was ordered to financially compensate Chiung and publicly apologize. He did the latter 6 years later after mounted pressure from 156 industry professionals threatening to boycott Yu.
Binary form
Binary form is a musical form in 2 related sections, both of which are usually repeated. Binary is also a structure used to choreograph dance. In music this is usually performed as A-A-B-B.

Binary form was popular during the Baroque period, often used to structure movements of keyboard sonatas. It was also used for short, one-movement works. Around the middle of the 18th century, the form largely fell from use as the principal design of entire movements as sonata form and organic development gained prominence. When it is found in later works, it usually takes the form of the theme in a set of variations, or the Minuet, Scherzo, or Trio sections of a "minuet and trio" or "scherzo and trio" movement in a sonata, symphony, etc. Many larger forms incorporate binary structures, and many more complicated forms (such as the 18th-century sonata form) share certain characteristics with binary form.

Minuet
A minuet (/ˌmɪnjuˈɛt/; also spelled menuet) is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually written in 34 time. The English word was adapted from the Italian minuetto and the French menuet.

The term also describes the musical form that accompanies the dance, which subsequently developed more fully, often with a longer musical form called the minuet and trio, and was much used as a movement in the early classical symphony. While often stylized in instrumental forms, composers of the period would have been familiar with the popular dance.
X-machine
The X-machine (XM) is a theoretical model of computation introduced by Samuel Eilenberg in 1974.
The X in "X-machine" represents the fundamental data type on which the machine operates; for example, a machine that operates on databases (objects of type database) would be a database-machine. The X-machine model is structurally the same as the finite-state machine, except that the symbols used to label the machine's transitions denote relations of type X→X. Crossing a transition is equivalent to applying the relation that labels it (computing a set of changes to the data type X), and traversing a path in the machine corresponds to applying all the associated relations, one after the other.

Communicating X-machine
The communicating (stream) X-machine is a model of computation introduced by various researchers in the 1990s to model systems composed of communicating agents.  The model exists in several variants, which are either based directly on Samuel Eilenberg's X-machine or on Gilbert Laycock's later Stream X-Machine.
Shining (video game series)
The Shining (シャイニング, Shainingu) series is a name of role-playing video games published by Sega, who owns the property. The first game, Shining in the Darkness, was a first-person dungeon crawler with randomly encountered, turn-based battles (comparable to Wizardry and Might and Magic). The next game released in the series was Shining Force, which was a turn-based strategy style tactical role-playing game with battle scenes acted out with sprites (comparable to Fire Emblem). Other directions include Shining Soul, a dungeon crawl action role-playing game with roguelike elements, and a number of traditional Japanese role-playing games. Shining Resonance Refrain was released on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Steam PC and Nintendo Switch worldwide across 2018.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
John Wilkinson (Canadian politician)
John Wilkinson is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, from 2003 to 2011 representing the predominantly rural ridings of Perth—Middlesex and Perth—Wellington for the Liberal Party. He served in cabinet as Minister of Research and Innovation, Revenue and Environment. He was defeated in the 2011 election by Conservative Randy Pettapiece.

Randy Pettapiece
Randy Pettapiece (born c. 1949) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario who represented the riding of Perth—Wellington as MPP from 2011 until he stood down at the 2022 election.
Air Serbia Flight 324
Air Serbia Flight 324 was a scheduled flight operated by Marathon Airlines on behalf of Air Serbia from Belgrade to Düsseldorf.  On 18 February 2024, the Embraer E195 flying the route overran the runway while taking off from Belgrade, striking multiple ground structures before climbing and returning to the airport. None of the 111 people on board the aircraft were injured; however, the aircraft was written off.

The accident led to the termination of the agreement between Air Serbia and Marathon Airlines and the revision of safety procedures at Belgrade Airport. Serbian authorities opened an investigation shortly after the accident which resulted in reports declaring its cause to be primarily pilot error, and Air Serbia reached an out-of-court settlement with a group of passengers who were on board.

Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport (Serbian: Аеродром Никола Тесла Београд / Aerodrom Nikola Tesla Beograd) or Belgrade Airport (Serbian: Аеродром Београд / Aerodrom Beograd) (IATA: BEG, ICAO: LYBE) is an international airport serving Belgrade, Serbia. It is the largest and the busiest airport in Serbia, situated 18 km (11 mi) west of downtown Belgrade near the suburb of Surčin, surrounded by fertile lowlands. It is operated by Vinci Airports (subsidiary of the French conglomerate Vinci) and is named after Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla (1856–1943).

The flag carrier and the largest airline of Serbia, Air Serbia, uses Belgrade Nikola Tesla as its hub. It is also one of the many operating bases for low-cost airline Wizz Air. The air taxi services Air Pink, Eagle Express and Prince Aviation also call the airport their home.
Deer Creek, Taylor County, Wisconsin
Deer Creek is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The village of Stetsonville lies partly in the town, straddling its west border with Little Black. The population was 733 at the 2000 census.

Taylor County, Wisconsin
Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,913. Its county seat is Medford. It is mostly rural, lying roughly where corn and dairy farms to the south give way to forest and swamp to the north.
Priscilla Hastings
Priscilla Victoria Hastings (née Bullock, 28 February 1920 – 12 August 2010) was a British racehorse owner and trainer. She was one of the first three women to be elected as a member of the Jockey Club in December 1977, alongside her half-sister Ruth Wood (née Primrose), Countess of Halifax and Helen Johnson Houghton.

Helen Johnson Houghton
Helen Marjorie Johnson Houghton (née Walwyn; 8 November 1910 – 4 December 2012) was a British racehorse trainer. She was the first woman to train a Classic flat races winner.  Her horse Gilles de Retz won the 2,000 Guineas in 1956, but her name did not appear in the record books as the Jockey Club did not recognise women trainers at that time and the horse ran under the name of her assistant, Charles Jerdein, instead. She was one of the first three women to be elected as a member of the Jockey Club in December 1977, alongside Priscilla Hastings and Ruth Wood (née Primrose), Countess of Halifax.
Lars Anderson (wrestler)
Larry Heiniemi (born March 14, 1939) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Lars Anderson. His career spans over a decade of performing in National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) territories as well as the American Wrestling Association (AWA).

Larry Hennig
Larry Hennig (June 18, 1936 – December 6, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was the father of "Mr. Perfect" Curt Hennig, and the grandfather of Curtis Axel and Amy "Ms. Perfect" Hennig. He worked in the American Wrestling Association, National Wrestling Alliance, and the World Wide Wrestling Federation. Hennig was known by the nickname, "The Axe", a nickname he had because of his signature, often finishing move of dropping a full weight elbow onto his prone opponents.
Mandelstam variables
In theoretical physics, the Mandelstam variables are numerical quantities that encode the energy, momentum, and angles of particles in a scattering process in a Lorentz-invariant fashion. They are used for scattering processes of two particles to two particles. The Mandelstam variables were first introduced by physicist Stanley Mandelstam in 1958.

If the Minkowski metric is chosen to be , the Mandelstam variables  are then defined by

,

where p1 and p2 are the four-momenta of the incoming particles and p3 and p4 are the four-momenta of the outgoing particles.

is also known as the square of the center-of-mass energy (invariant mass) and  as the square of the four-momentum transfer.

Stanley Mandelstam
Stanley Mandelstam (/ˈmændəlstæm/; 12 December 1928 – 23 June 2016) was a South African theoretical physicist. He introduced the relativistically invariant Mandelstam variables into particle physics in 1958 as a convenient coordinate system for formulating his double dispersion relations. The double dispersion relations were a central tool in the bootstrap program which sought to formulate a consistent theory of infinitely many particle types of increasing spin.
Max Mayer (filmmaker)
Max Mayer is an American filmmaker. He is one of the founding members of New York Stage and Film. Well known for directing TV shows including The West Wing and Alias, he wrote and directed the film Adam (2009), winner of the Alfred P. Sloan Prize.

Adam (2009 film)
Adam is a 2009 American romantic comedy drama film written and directed by Max Mayer and starring Hugh Dancy and Rose Byrne. The film follows the relationship between a young man named Adam (Dancy), who has Asperger syndrome, and Beth (Byrne). Mayer was inspired to write the film's script when he heard a radio interview with a man who had Asperger syndrome.

Filming took place in New York City in December 2005. The film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize, and was released in the United States on July 29, 2009. The release date in Canada and the UK was 7 August 2009 in Australia, and everywhere else after Labor Day.