hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Two-handed manual alphabets
Several manual alphabets in use around the world employ two hands to represent some or all of the letters of an alphabet, usually as a part of a deaf sign language. Two-handed alphabets are less widespread than one-handed manual alphabets. They may be used to represent the Latin alphabet (for example in the manual alphabet used in Turkish Sign Language) or the Cyrillic alphabet (as is sometimes used in Yugoslav Sign Language).

Fingerspelling
Fingerspelling (or dactylology) is the representation of the letters of a writing system, and sometimes numeral systems, using only the hands. These manual alphabets (also known as finger alphabets or hand alphabets) have often been used in deaf education and have subsequently been adopted as a distinct part of a number of sign languages.  There are about forty manual alphabets around the world. Historically, manual alphabets have had a number of additional applications—including use as ciphers, as mnemonics and in silent religious settings.
Victorian College of the Arts Secondary School
Victorian College of the Arts Secondary School (VCASS), is a government-funded co-educational selective and specialist secondary day school, with speciality in the performing and visual arts, located within the Melbourne Arts Precinct in Southbank, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1978, VCASS teaches students from Year 7 to Year 12; and has an enrolment of 370 students.

Students are accepted after annual auditions and interviews. All students share academic subjects, but follow either a specialised dance, music, theatre arts or visual arts training program for half the day. The school also provides academic classes to secondary students from other institutions including the Australian Ballet School, and Gymnastics Victoria.

Performing arts education in Australia
Performing arts education in Australia refers to the teaching of different styles of creative activity that are performed publicly. The performing arts in Australia encompasses many disciplines including music, dance, theatre, musical theatre, circus arts and more. Performing arts education in Australia occurs both formally and informally at all levels of education, including in schools, tertiary institutions and other specialist institutions. There is also a growing body of evidence, from the Australian Council for the Arts and the Parliament of Australia, showing that First Nation's participation in the arts and culture has significant economic, social and cultural benefits to Australia and further supports the outcomes of the Australian governments ‘Closing the Gap’ campaign. There has been an increasing number of scholarships opening up in educational institutions for Indigenous Australians aimed at encouraging this participation in the arts.
Australia Davis Cup team
The Australia Davis Cup team is the second most successful team ever to compete in the Davis Cup, winning the coveted title on 28 separate occasions, second behind the United States with 32.

Australia also participated in winning the Davis Cup six times with New Zealand under the alias Australasia (1905–1922).

United States Davis Cup team
The United States men's national tennis team represents the United States in Davis Cup tennis competition, and is governed by the United States Tennis Association.

The United States competed in the inaugural Davis Cup against Great Britain in 1900. They are the most successful team ever to compete in the Davis Cup, winning the coveted title on 32 separate occasions closely followed by Australia with 28 victories.
2009 North Korean nuclear test
The 2009 North Korean nuclear test was the underground detonation of a nuclear device conducted on Monday, 25 May 2009 by North Korea. This was its second nuclear test, the first test having taken place in October 2006. Following the nuclear test, Pyongyang also conducted several missile tests. A scientific paper later estimated the yield as 2.35 kilotons.

The test was nearly universally condemned by the international community. Following the test, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1874 condemning the test and tightening sanctions on the country.

It was widely believed that the test was conducted as a result of the succession crisis in the country. After Kim Jong Il suffered a stroke in the summer of 2008, arrangements were made for his third son, Kim Jong Un, to take power upon his death. It is believed the North Koreans conducted the nuclear test to show that, even in a time of possible weakness, it did not intend to give up its nuclear weapons program.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874 was adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on 12 June 2009. The resolution, passed under Chapter VII, Article 41, of the UN Charter, imposes further economic and commercial sanctions on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (the DPRK, or North Korea) and encourages UN member states to search North Korean cargo, in the aftermath of an underground nuclear test conducted on 25 May 2009.
Mat Whitecross
Mat Whitecross (born 21 September 1977) is an English film director, editor, and screenwriter. He began his career working for  Michael Winterbottom, a director, and producer Andrew Eaton at Revolution Films. Whitecross is known for directing The Road to Guantánamo;an Ian Dury biopic, Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll; as well as music documentaries Oasis: Supersonic and Coldplay: A Head Full of Dreams. Whitecross has directed music videos for Coldplay, Take That and the Rolling Stones, being a long-time collaborator of Coldplay's.

Michael Winterbottom
Michael Winterbottom (born 29 March 1961) is an English film director. He began his career working in British television before moving into features. Three of his films—Welcome to Sarajevo, Wonderland and 24 Hour Party People—have competed for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. He and co-director Mat Whitecross won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival for their work on The Road to Guantanamo.

His production company, Revolution Films, has a first-look deal with Fremantle.
John LeClair
John Clark LeClair (born July 5, 1969) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens, Philadelphia Flyers, and Pittsburgh Penguins from 1991 to 2006. LeClair was a member of the Montreal Canadiens' Stanley Cup winning team in 1993, scoring two overtime game-winning goals in consecutive games during the Finals. With the Flyers, LeClair became the first American-born player to score 50 goals in three consecutive NHL seasons while playing on the Legion of Doom line with Eric Lindros and Mikael Renberg.

Mikael Renberg
Mikael Bo Renberg (born 5 May 1972) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player, last playing for Skellefteå AIK in Elitserien. He spent ten seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) and eight in the Swedish Elite League.
Full Surface Records
Full Surface is a record label founded in 2001, by American hip hop recording artist and record producer Swizz Beatz.  The label used to operate through Sony's J and through Universal's Interscope, Motown and Universal Motown. However, the label also had released material through joint ventures with other companies outside the Sony BMG group.

J Records
J Records was an American record label owned and operated by Bertelsmann Music Group until it was transferred to Sony Music Entertainment when they acquired all of BMG's record labels in late 2008 at the end of their merger. It was distributed through the RCA Music Group. The label was founded in 2000 by Clive Davis and was dissolved into RCA Records in 2011.
Alliance Unbound
Alliance Unbound is a 2024 science fiction novel by American writers C. J. Cherryh and Jane S. Fancher. It is the second book in The Hinder Stars series after Alliance Rising (2019), and is set in Cherryh's Alliance–Union universe. The Hinder Stars series is a prequel to the Alliance–Union series and takes place before the events in Downbelow Station (1981) and the founding of the Merchanter's Alliance.

Alliance Unbound was a finalist for the 2025 libertarian science fiction Prometheus Award for Best Novel. The novel was also nominated for the 2025 Dragon Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.

Alliance Rising
Alliance Rising is a 2019 science fiction novel by American writers C. J. Cherryh and Jane S. Fancher. It is one of Cherryh's Merchanter novels and is set in the author's Alliance–Union universe. It is the first new novel in this universe to be published in 10 years, the previous being Regenesis in 2009, and the first Merchanter novel in 22 years, the previous being Finity's End in 1997. Alliance Rising is the first book in The Hinder Stars series, and is the first science fiction collaboration between Cherryh and her partner, Fancher. The second book, Alliance Unbound, also credited to Cherryh and Fancher, was published in October 2024. Alliance Rising takes place in the early Alliance–Union timeline, before the events in Downbelow Station (1981) and the founding of the Merchanter's Alliance.

Alliance Rising won the 2020 libertarian science fiction Prometheus Award for best novel.
Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (4 December 1784 – 13 July 1840), was the first wife of Christian VIII from 1806 until 1810, before he became King of Norway and later King of Denmark. She was a daughter of Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Christian VIII
Christian VIII (18 September 1786 – 20 January 1848) was King of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, King of Norway in 1814.

Christian Frederick was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick, a younger son of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway. As his cousin Frederick VI had no sons, Christian Frederick was heir presumptive to the throne from 1808.
Duan Jilujuan
Duan Jilujuan (段疾陸眷) (died 318) was a chieftain of the Duan-Xianbei tribe during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. Succeeding his father as the Duke of Liaoxi, he initially maintained the Duan's alliance with the Inspector of You province, Wang Jun, but following the Battle of Xiangguo in 312, he reached an agreement with the Han-Zhao general, Shi Le to break off the alliance and withdraw from the conflict. Jilujuan remained neutral for the remainder of his reign, although his brother, Duan Pidi led a branch of their tribe on his own to continue resisting Shi Le.

Duan Pidi
Duan Pidi (fl. 312–321) was a Duan-Xianbei chieftain during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was the brother of chieftain Duan Jilujuan, and served as his general in the Jin's war with the Han-Zhao state. After Jilujuan made peace with Han in 313, Pidi led his branch of the tribe to continue fighting Han from Jicheng. Pidi became the most powerful Jin vassal in the north, but his decision to kill his ally, Liu Kun and a civil war with his cousin, Duan Mobo severely weakened him. In 319, he was forced to flee to another Jin vassal, Shao Xu. He was eventually captured by the Later Zhao in 321, and despite receiving favourable treatment from its ruler, Shi Le, he would later be executed in fear he would rebel.
Lords of Klinštejn
The Lords of Klinštejn were a Bohemian noble family from Česká Lípa region. They originated from the Ronovci family. They are known from the period of the 13th to the 17th century. The Klinštejn family became involved in the dispute between the Bohemian king John of Bohemia and the Czech nobility after the imprisonment of the nobleman Henry of Lipá in 1315. The family died out by the sword.

Ronovci
The Ronovci (also Hronovci or Ronovici) were one of the oldest and most important Czech noble families. The first reports of their existence date from the end of the 12th century and are associated with Tuhány, central Bohemia and later with Bautzen, Zittau and northern Bohemia, especially Česká Lípa region. Over time, the family grew into many branches, e.g. lords of Dubá, Berka of Dubá, Lichtenburk, Křinecký of Ronov, etc.
Ahmad Alaq
Sultan Ahmad Khan (Chagatai and Persian: سلطان احمد خان; b. 1465 – 1504), better known as Ahmad Alaq was the Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (Turpan Khanate) from 1487 to 1504. He was the second son of Yunus Khan. His mother was Shah Begum, fourth daughter of Badakhshan prince Lali.

Ahmad Alaq was a direct male-line descendant of Genghis Khan, through his son Chagatai Khan.

Yunus Khan
Yunus Khan (c. 1416 – 1487) (Chagatai and Persian: یونس خان), was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death in 1487. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali (Chinese: 哈只阿力, Pinyin: Hazhi Ali; Chagatai and Persian: حاجی علی), of the contemporary Chinese records.  He was the maternal grandfather of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.

Yunus Khan was a direct male-line descendant of Genghis Khan, through his son Chagatai Khan.
2024 Montana Initiative 128
Initiative 128 was a ballot initiative that appeared on the ballot on November 5, 2024, to establish in the Constitution of Montana a right to abortion up to fetal viability. The initiative was approved by 57.8 percent of voters.

Abortion in Montana
Abortion in Montana is legal until fetal viability (or until full term, if a medical professional deems it important to protect life or health). The number of abortion clinics in Montana has fluctuated over the years, with twenty in 1982, twelve in 1992, eight providers of which seven were clinics in 2011, and five clinics in 2014.  There were four clinics from 2015 to February 2018 when All Families Healthcare clinic in Whitefish reopened. There were 1,690 legal abortions in 2014, and 1,611 in 2015.

2024 Montana Initiative 128 is a ballot initiative that was approved from the ballot on November 5, 2024; amending the Constitution of Montana to explicitly confer a right to abortion up to fetal viability.
Vickers Venom
The Vickers Type 279 Venom was a British low-wing monoplane single-seat, single-engined, eight-gun fighter aircraft intended for use in the tropics. It was fast and manoeuvrable but its Bristol Aquila radial engine was disliked. It and the  other designs built to the same specification, which included the Bristol Type 146, Gloster F.5/34, and Martin-Baker MB 2, were rejected by the Air Ministry in favour of designs using the Rolls Royce Merlin engine.

Bristol Type 146
The Bristol Type 146 was a British single-seat, eight-gun fighter monoplane prototype built to a mid-1930s Air Ministry contract. Powered by an aircooled radial engine, it was outclassed by Rolls-Royce Merlin inline engined fighters, and only one was built.
1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout
The 1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout was a shootout that occurred on 16 November 1991 at the Lokhandwala Complex in Mumbai, India, between seven gangsters led by Maya Dolas and members of the Bombay Police and the Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) led by then-Additional Commissioner of Police Aftab Ahmed Khan. The four-hour shootout was dubbed India's "first daylight encounter" and was videographed and conducted in full view of the public. It ended with the deaths of all seven gangsters.

Aftab Ahmed Khan
Aftab Ahmed Khan (27 February 1940 — 21 January 2022) was a former Indian police officer (IPS) and politician from Mumbai. He is noted for his encounter killings of gangsters from the Mumbai organized crime syndicates. He is also known as the founder of Anti-terrorism Squad (ATS) in 1990.
Houghton Hall
Houghton Hall (/ˈhaʊtən/ HOW-tən) is a country house in the parish of Houghton in Norfolk, England. It is the residence of the 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley.

It was commissioned by the de facto first British Prime Minister, Sir Robert Walpole, in 1722, and is a key building in the history of Neo-Palladian architecture in England. It is a Grade I listed building surrounded by 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of parkland, and is a few miles from Sandringham House.

David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
David George Philip Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley, GCVO, DL (/ˈtʃʌmli/ CHUM-lee; born 27 June 1960), styled Viscount Malpas from birth until 1968, and subsequently Earl of Rocksavage until 1990, is a British peer and filmmaker who served as Lord Great Chamberlain of the United Kingdom from 1990 to 2022.
Glasgow Highlanders
The Glasgow Highlanders was a former infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Territorial Force, later renamed the Territorial Army. The regiment eventually became a Volunteer Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment) in 1881. The regiment saw active service in both World War I and World War II. In 1959 the Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment) was amalgamated with the Royal Scots Fusiliers to form the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment). The Glasgow Highlanders was later amalgamated into the 52nd Lowland Volunteers in 1967.

52nd Lowland Volunteers
The 52nd Lowland Volunteers (52 LOWLAND) is a battalion in the British Army's Army Reserve or reserve force in the Scottish Lowlands, forming the 6th Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland, also known as 6 SCOTS. Due to its erstwhile association with the 1st Regiment of Foot, it is the senior Reserve line infantry battalion in the British Army. It is one of two Reserve battalions in the Royal Regiment of Scotland, along with 51st Highland (7 SCOTS), a similar unit located in the Scottish Highlands.

Originally formed as the 52nd Lowland Volunteers in 1967, as a result of the amalgamation of Territorial Battalions within the infantry Regiments of the Lowland Brigade, the name commemorated the 52nd (Lowland) Division of the Territorial Force, within which many of the Regiment's antecedent Territorial Battalions served during the First and Second World Wars.
Information Commissioner's Office
The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)  is a non-departmental public body which reports directly to the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It is the independent regulatory office (national data protection authority) dealing with the Data Protection Act 2018 and the General Data Protection Regulation, the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 across the UK; and the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and, to a limited extent, in Scotland. When they audit an organisation they use Symbiant's audit software.

National data protection authority
There are several national data protection authorities across the world, tasked with protecting information privacy. In the European Union and EFTA member countries, their status was formalized by the Data Protection Directive and they were involved in the Madrid Resolution. Since 25 May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) replaced the Data Protection Directive.

This project is a part of the work of the International Law Commission of the United Nations.
National University of Arts and Culture, Mandalay
The National University of Art and Culture, Mandalay (Burmese: အမျိုးသားယဉ်ကျေးမှုနှင့် အနုပညာတက္ကသိုလ် (မန္တလေး), pronounced [jɪ̀ɰ̃tɕém̥ṵ tɛʔkəθò (máɰ̃dəlé)]), located in Patheingyi, Mandalay, is one of two performing and visual arts universities in Myanmar. The university offers bachelor's degree programs in traditional Burmese performing and visual arts. Qualified students may continue post-graduate studies at the University of Culture, Yangon. The university's primary language of instruction is in English, and it accepts foreign students.

National University of Arts and Culture, Yangon
The National University of Arts and Culture, Yangon (Burmese: အမျိုးသားယဉ်ကျေးမှုနှင့် အနုပညာတက္ကသိုလ် (ရန်ကုန်) [jɪ̀ɰ̃tɕém̥ṵ tɛʔkəθò (jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃)]) is a public university, located in Yangon, Myanmar, that offers bachelor's and post-graduate degree programs in traditional Burmese performing and visual arts. The university's primary language of instruction is in English, and it accepts interested foreign students.
Samuel Tilden Norton
Samuel Tilden Norton (January 21, 1877 – February 16, 1959), or S. Tilden Norton as he was known professionally, was a Los Angeles–based architect active in the first decades of the 20th century. During his professional career, he and Abram M. Edelman were considered the city's preeminent synagogue architects, and he was also associated with the firm of Norton & Wallis.

Abram M. Edelman
Abram M. Edelman (1863–1941), sometimes referred to as Abraham M. Edelman or A.M. Edelman, was an American architect from Los Angeles, California. During his career, he and Samuel Tilden Norton were considered the city's preeminent synagogue architects, and several of Edelman's works (both synagogues and other buildings) are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Juan Emilio Ameri
Juan Emilio Ameri (born 25 May 1973) is an Argentine retired politician, who was a National Deputy representing Salta Province from 2019 to 2020. A member of the Victory Party, Ameri assumed office on 12 December 2019 to fill in the vacancy left by Sergio Leavy. Ameri was expelled from Congress in September 2020 following a sex scandal during a live parliamentary commission meeting.

Sergio Leavy
Sergio Napoleón "Oso" Leavy (born 22 November 1963) is an Argentine businessman and politician, currently serving as a National Senator for Salta Province since 2019. A member of the Victory Party and president of the party's Salta chapter, Leavy previously served as a National Deputy from 2017 to 2019, as intendente (mayor) of Tartagal, Salta from 2007 to 2017, and as a member of the provincial Chamber of Deputies from 2003 to 2007.
Herfølge Boldklub
Herfølge Boldklub is a Danish football club founded in 1921. It is based in Herfølge, a southern suburb of Køge in the eastern part of Zealand. In 2009, the club shared its licence, and merged its professional football with Køge BK to form HB Køge.

HB Køge
HB Køge (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰøː(j)ə]) is a professional Danish football club based primarily in the town of Køge and secondly in the town of Herfølge, both in the Køge Municipality, part of 'Region of Zealand', in the eastern part of Zealand, south of Copenhagen. It was created through the merger of Herfølge and Køge Boldklub in 2009.
Constructive solid geometry
Constructive solid geometry (CSG; formerly called computational binary solid geometry) is a technique used in solid modeling. Constructive solid geometry allows a modeler to create a complex surface or object by using Boolean operators to combine simpler objects, potentially generating visually complex objects by combining a few primitive ones.

In 3D computer graphics and CAD, CSG is often used in procedural modeling. CSG can also be performed on polygonal meshes, and may or may not be procedural and/or parametric.

CSG can be contrasted with polygon mesh modeling, boundary representation,  and box modeling.

Boundary representation
In solid modeling and computer-aided design, boundary representation (often abbreviated B-rep or BREP) is a method for representing a 3D shape by defining the limits of its volume.  A solid is represented as a collection of connected surface elements, which define the boundary between interior and exterior points.