hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viktor Pshonka
Viktor Pavlovych Pshonka (Ukrainian: Віктор Павлович Пшонка, Russian: Виктор Павлович Пшонка, romanized: Viktor Pavlovich Pshonka; born 6 February 1954) is a politician from Ukraine, who served as Prosecutor General of Ukraine from 2010 to 2014. He was also the State Counselor of Justice of Ukraine and member of the High Council of Justice of Ukraine. He holds a Doctor of Laws degree, and is a member of the International Association of Prosecutors.

During his tenure as General Prosecutor, Pshonka focused on modernisation, environmental standards and is noted for starting an investigation into Burisma. He is believed to have fled to Russia, and later taken up its citizenship, following the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution. The new authorities have issued an arrest warrant in his name.

Vitaliy Zakharchenko
Vitaliy Yuriyovych Zakharchenko (Ukrainian: Віталій Юрійович Захарченко, Russian: Виталий Юрьевич Захарченко, born 20 January 1963) is a Ukrainian and Russian politician who is a senior consultant at Russia's Rostec state corporation. He previously served as Ukraine's Minister of Internal Affairs from 7 November 2011 until he was suspended from his duties by the Ukrainian parliament on 21 February 2014. His position as Minister of the Interior, had given him control over the Ukrainian national police service, the Militsiya. One day prior to his dismissal, he had signed a decree calling for the police to be armed with combat weapons, to be used in their ongoing battles against protesters in Kyiv's Maidan Nezalezhnosti. The Council of the European Union sanctioned him effective 6 March 2014 for misuse of public funds and human rights violations (Decision 2014/119/CFSP), and the United States sanctioned him effective 22 December 2015 (81 FR 69190).
Evasion (ethics)
In ethics, evasion is an act of deception where a true statement is irrelevant or leads to a false conclusion.  For instance, a man knows that a woman is in a room in the building because he heard her, but in answer to a question as to whether she is present, says "I have not seen her", thereby avoiding both lying and making a revelation.

Evasion is described as a way to fulfil an obligation to tell the truth while keeping secrets from those not entitled to know the truth. Evasions are closely related to equivocations and mental reservations; indeed, some statements fall under both descriptions.

Mental reservation
Mental reservation (or mental equivocation) is an ethical theory and a doctrine in moral theology which recognizes the "lie of necessity", and holds that when there is a conflict between justice and telling the truth, it is justice that should prevail. The doctrine is a special branch of casuistry (case-based reasoning) developed in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. While associated with the Jesuits, it did not originate with them. It is a theory debated by moral theologians, but not part of Canon law.
Accounting method (computer science)
In the field of analysis of algorithms in computer science, the accounting method is a method of amortized analysis based on accounting.  The accounting method often gives a more intuitive account of the amortized cost of an operation than either aggregate analysis or the potential method.  Note, however, that this does not guarantee such analysis will be immediately obvious; often, choosing the correct parameters for the accounting method requires as much knowledge of the problem and the complexity bounds one is attempting to prove as the other two methods.

The accounting method is most naturally suited for proving an O(1) bound on time.  The method as explained here is for proving such a bound.

Amortized analysis
In computer science, amortized analysis is a method for analyzing a given algorithm's complexity, or how much of a resource, especially time or memory, it takes to execute.  The motivation for amortized analysis is that looking at the worst-case run time can be too pessimistic.  Instead, amortized analysis averages the running times of operations in a sequence over that sequence.: 306 
As a conclusion: "Amortized analysis is a useful tool that complements other techniques such as worst-case and average-case analysis.": 14

For a given operation of an algorithm, certain situations (e.g., input parametrizations or data structure contents) may imply a significant cost in resources, whereas other situations may not be as costly.  The amortized analysis considers both the costly and less costly operations together over the whole sequence of operations.  This may include accounting for different types of input, length of the input, and other factors that affect its performance.
Michael Pilch Studio
The Michael Pilch Studio is a theatre in Oxford, England. It opened in 1997, has a capacity of 50–90 people depending on the configuration, and is located on Jowett Walk in central Oxford, England.

The theatre was built as part of a phased development of buildings by Balliol College, mainly for student accommodation, on Jowett Walk during 1996–2004 (Phase 1 completed September 1996, Phase 2 completed July 2004), undertaken by MJP Architects.

As a "black box" studio, the theatre is suitable for in-the-round staging and other non-standard layouts. It run by Balliol College Drama Society and is owned by Balliol College. The theatre is named after Michael Pilch (1927–2021), who was the benefactor who enabled the theatre to be built. The theatre stages a variety of productions, including Shakespeare. The theatre was renovated in 2016.

Jowett Walk
Jowett Walk is a road in central Oxford, England. It connects Mansfield Road to the west with St Cross Road to the east, running parallel with and north of Holywell Street.

The road was formerly named Love Lane and used to continue north to South Parks Road on what is now Mansfield Road. It is now named after the well-known Victorian Master of Balliol College, Benjamin Jowett (1817–1893). Much of the land in the area is owned by Balliol College, including the playing fields to the north and student housing. The Michael Pilch Studio, owned by Balliol College, is a black box theatre located in Jowett Walk.

Merton College has a graduate annexe to the south of Jowett Walk at the eastern end.
The Oxford Department of International Development is on the corner with Mansfield Road.
Ronnie Mann
Ronnie Mann (born 12 October 1986) is an English professional mixed martial artist who competes in the featherweight division. A professional competitor from 2003 to 2017, Mann has mostly fought in England and Japan. Mann is a veteran of the former top English organisation Cage Rage Championships and was a quarterfinalist in the Sengoku Featherweight Grand Prix in 2009, losing to Hatsu Hioki.

Cage Rage Championships
Cage Rage Championships, also known as Cage Rage, was a United Kingdom-based, mixed martial arts promotion that premiered on 7 September 2002 in London. Cage Rage went into liquidation and is now no longer trading. Cage Rage had been owned and managed by Elite XC until that company ceased operating, and the British promoters behind Cage Rage formed a new organization and withdrew all the old Cage Rage titles.  Matchmaker and on-screen personality Dave O'Donnell was also a minority shareholder in the company. Fellow on-screen personality and co-promoter Andy Geer also owned a minority stake until he left the promotion in 2008. Cage Rage events were replayed on Nuts TV, along with their own weekday show on The Fight Network (UK & Ireland) until these channels closed down.  Every Cage Rage event and bout is now archived as part of the UFC Fight Pass library.
Primera FEB
The Primera FEB, formerly known as LEB or LEB Oro, is the second basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system after the Liga ACB. It is run by the FEB. The FEB leagues are divided into three categories (the other two are the Segunda FEB and the Tercera FEB). The league was founded in 1996 and is played under FIBA rules.

The league is contested by 18 clubs. Each season, the top-finishing team in the Primera FEB are automatically promoted to the Liga ACB. The teams that finish the season in 2nd to 9th place enter a playoff tournament, with the winner also gaining promotion to the Liga ACB. The three lowest-finishing teams in the Primera FEB are relegated to Segunda FEB.

A total of 81 teams have competed in Primera FEB since its inception in 1996. 19 teams have been crowned champions and 30 teams have gained promotion to Liga ACB, of which only four teams could not play in Liga ACB. Club Melilla Baloncesto is the only team that played all seasons of the league.

Spanish Basketball Federation
The Spanish Basketball Federation (Spanish: Federación Española de Baloncesto; FEB) is the governing body of basketball in Spain. Based in Madrid, it was founded on 31 July 1923 in Barcelona, Spain.

It organizes all the female national competitions (Liga Femenina (1st), Liga Femenina 2 (2nd), Copa de la Reina and Supercopa de España), and three of the four male nation-wide leagues (Primera FEB (2nd), Segunda FEB (3rd) and Tercera FEB (4th)), while oversees the 1st tier, Liga ACB.

It is also responsible for appointing the management of the men's, women's, and youth national basketball teams. As of 2023, the federation has 3,069 registered clubs and 411,885 federated basketball players, being the second biggest federation after the Football Federation.
Innventia
59°21′03″N 18°04′00″E﻿ / ﻿59.35096°N 18.06663°E﻿ / 59.35096; 18.06663

RISE Innventia AB is a subsidiary to RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. The business focuses on research, development and innovation in the pulp and paper industry, packaging industry and the biorefining industry. The activities range from basic research to direct consulting and development assignments in the value chains with the final products bio-based energy, chemicals and materials, and packaging. Before April 2009 the institute was named STFI-Packforsk AB.

Since the 1 April 2016, Innventia is owned by the Swedish government through RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.

Research Institutes of Sweden
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE) is a Swedish state-owned research institute that collaborates with universities, industry and the public sector.

RISE performs industry research and innovation, as well as testing and certification. According to the research proposition of the Swedish government, the overall objective for RISE is to be internationally competitive and work for sustainable growth in Sweden by strengthening industry competitiveness and renewal.

Rise is also associated with Enterprise Europe Network.

RISE operates in more than 25 cities all over Sweden and also has facilities in Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, France and Belgium. In 2019, RISE had a turnover of 3,57 billion SEK.

In January 2021, RISE had approximately 2,800 employees over six organisational divisions:

Bioeconomy and Health

Built Environment

Digital systems

Materials and Production

Life Science

Safety and Transport
Morobe United F.C.
Morobe United FC, formerly known as Blue Kumuls (1970s–2005), Shorncliffe Blue Kumuls (2005), Tuguba Laitepo Blue Kumuls (2006), Morobe Kumuls FC (2007), Gigira Laitepo Morobe FC (2008–2014, exc. 2011–12 season), Gigira Laitepo Central Coast FC (2011–12), and Welgris Morobe United FC (2015–2018, again in use), are a Papua New Guinea professional soccer club founded in the 1970s and based in Lae.

The club was one of the founding members of the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League, finishing 2nd once and 3rd four times before defecting to the National Premier League ahead of the 2017 season. Their most successful season came in 2009–10, when they were runners-up in the Grand Final, losing 5–0 to Hekari United.

The team finished as runners-up in the 2018 National Premier League season, losing in the Grand Final 4–3 to Erema FC.

2009–10 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League
The 2009–10 Papua New Guinea National Soccer League season, known as the Telikom NSL Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the fourth edition of Papua New Guinea National Soccer League.

The title was won by Hekari United, who won their fourth consecutive title thanks to a 5–0 victory over Morobe FC in the Grand Final. Hekari striker Kema Jack won his third Golden Boot trophy, while Emmanuel Simon of Besta PNG United won the award for Player of the Season.
Greater Cleveland
The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The six-county Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget consists of Cuyahoga, Ashtabula, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina counties in northeast Ohio, with a total population of 2,185,825. This makes it the 33rd-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the third largest in Ohio.

The metro area is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which, with over 3.7 million people, is the 17th most populous combined statistical area in the nation. Northeast Ohio refers to a larger region that includes Greater Cleveland, as well as metropolitan Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and surrounding rural areas. Greater Cleveland is part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.

Medina County, Ohio
Medina County (/məˈdaɪnə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the northeastern region in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 182,470. Its county seat is Medina, and its largest city is Brunswick.

The county was created in 1812 and later organized in 1818. It is named for Medina, Saudi Arabia. Medina County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, although some southeastern parts of the county are included in the urban area of Akron.
Martin W. Sandler
Martin W. Sandler (born February 11, 1933) is an American historian, writer and teacher, the author of more than 50 books about American history and photography. Notable works include Secret Subway (2009), The Impossible Rescue (2012), Imprisoned (2013), How the Beatles Changed the World (2014), Iron Rails, Iron Men, and the Race to Link the Nation (2015), The Whydah (2017), Apollo 8 (2018), 1919 (2019), and Race Through the Skies (2020). Among other honors, he won the 2019 National Book Award for Young People's Literature.

The Whydah
The Whydah: A Pirate Ship Feared, Wrecked, and Found is a 2017 nonfiction children's book by Martin W. Sandler about the Whydah, "a large, fast, and heavily armed slave ship", which was captured by pirates in 1716 and sunk shortly after. The ship was rediscovered on the ocean's floor in the 1980s, along with its tremendous riches. Throughout the book, Sandler discusses the pirates, led by Samuel Bellamy, "the causes and practices of piracy", including their "barbarous cruelty", as well as the more democratic nature of their culture.
BK Pardubice
Basketbalový klub Pardubice, mostly known for sponsorship reasons as KVIS Pardubice is a Czech professional basketball club based in the city of Pardubice. They play in the Czech National Basketball League (NBL), the highest competition in the Czech Republic.

National Basketball League (Czech Republic)
The Czech Republic National Basketball League (NBL) (Czech: Národní Basketbalová Liga) is the top-tier level professional basketball league in the Czech Republic. It is run by the Asociace Ligových Klubů. The league operates under a promotion and relegation system. The bottom two NBL teams from each season's standings are relegated to the 2nd-tier level 1. Liga, while the top two 1. Liga teams from each season's standings are promoted to the NBL.

ERA Nymburk has won the most titles with 21.
O' Horten
O' Horten is a 2007 internationally co-produced comedy-drama film written and directed by Bent Hamer. The film's title character Odd Horten is a habit-bound train driver, who is about to retire. On the day of his retirement he ends up in an unexpected situation, and is forced to reconsider his life. As in other films by Hamer, the themes are loneliness and old age, and the courage to take chances. O' Horten has been described as a film without a strong plot or a clear chronology.

The film's main cast consists mainly of senior Danish and Norwegian actors, including Bård Owe, Espen Skjønberg, and Ghita Nørby. There are also several cameos from various well-known Norwegians, such as ski jumper Anette Sagen in her first film role. The music was composed by John Erik Kaada. Generally well received by critics, it was chosen for Un Certain Regard at the Cannes Film Festival. Skjønberg was awarded an Amanda Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.

John Erik Kaada
John Erik Kaada (born 28 July 1975), also known by the mononym Kaada, is a Norwegian singer-songwriter, producer, film score composer and multi-instrumentalist. Kaada's career spans a string of solo albums, motion picture soundtracks, high-profile collaborations with key players such as Mike Patton, as well as numerous live appearances at home and abroad.
Eugène Pottier
Eugène Edine Pottier (French: [øʒɛn pɔtje]; 4 October 1816 – 6 November 1887) was a French revolutionary, poet, song-writer, and freemason. He is most known for writing the lyrics of "The Internationale", a left-wing anthem.

The Internationale
"The Internationale" is an international anthem that has been adopted as the anthem of various anarchist, communist, socialist and social democratic movements. It has been a standard of the socialist movement since the late nineteenth century, when the Second International adopted it as its official anthem. The title arises from the "First International", an alliance of workers, which held a congress in 1864. The author of the anthem's lyrics, Eugène Pottier, a member of the French branch of the organisation, attended this congress. Pottier's text was later set to an original melody composed by Pierre De Geyter, a member of the Parti ouvrier français (French Workers Party) in Lille in industrial northern France.
Christy (towel manufacturer)
Christy (also known as Christy UK and Christy Towels) is a manufacturer of household linens and is known as the inventor of the first industrially produced looped cotton (terrycloth) towel. It was founded in 1850 in the English mill town of Droylsden, Lancashire (now part of Greater Manchester).

Terrycloth
Terrycloth, terry cloth, terry cotton, terry towelling, towelling, terry towel, or simply terry is a fabric woven with many protruding loops of thread which can absorb large amounts of water. It can be manufactured by weaving or knitting. Terrycloth is woven on special looms that have two beams of longitudinal warp through which the filler or weft is fired laterally.
The Menu (TV series)
The Menu (Chinese: 導火新聞線), is a 2015 television series produced by Hong Kong Television Network. The series is starred by Noel Leung, Catherine Chau, Kate Yeung and Gregory Wong, written by Pun Man-hung and directed by Ben Fong. The first episode premiered on 10 March 10, 2015. The plot revolves around the newspaper business.

The sequel was released on 4 August 2016 as a film.

The Menu (2016 film)
The Menu (Chinese: 導火新聞線) is a 2016 Hong Kong drama film about journalism and the sequel to the television series of the same name. The film is directed by Ben Fong, who also directed the television series, and stars Catherine Chau, Gregory Wong, Ng Man-tat and Kate Yeung. The film was released on 4 August 2016.
Faculty of General Dental Practice
The Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) (FGDP(UK)) was a UK professional body for general dental practitioners. It was established in 1992 as a faculty of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and was located in the College’s headquarters in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London. In July 2021, it transferred into the independent College of General Dentistry.

Membership of the FGDP(UK) was open to all dentists and dental surgeons, and other dental care professionals registered with the General Dental Council were able to join as Affiliate Members from 2005. It opened student membership to those in years 4 or 5 of their Bachelor of Dental Surgery undergraduate degree in 2011.

Royal College of Surgeons of England
The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales. The college is located at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. It publishes multiple medical journals including the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Faculty Dental Journal, and the Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
An American Soldier (opera)
An American Soldier is an opera in two acts composed by Huang Ruo to a libretto by playwright David Henry Hwang. It initially premiered in a one-act version in 2014 and was subsequently expanded to two acts. The two-act version had its world premiere on 3 June 2018 during the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis festival. A New York production ran from 12-19 May 2024 at PAC NYC. The opera is based on a true story, the suicide of Danny Chen, a Chinese-American U.S. Army soldier who had been subjected to racial harassment and beatings by his fellow soldiers. Chen died in 2011 at his U.S. Army post in Afghanistan from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

Suicide of Danny Chen
Danny Chen (simplified Chinese: 陈宇晖; traditional Chinese: 陳宇暉; pinyin: Chén Yǔhuī; May 26, 1992 – October 3, 2011) was an American U.S. Army soldier who served during the War in Afghanistan. His suicide resulted in a military investigation and charges against eight US soldiers, ultimately with four being court martialed.

The investigation found that Chen had been "racially harassed, teased, bullied, and mercilessly beaten" by his fellow soldiers before he committed suicide on October 3, 2011.
Lottie Dod
Charlotte Dod (24 September 1871 – 27 June 1960) was an English multi-sport athlete, best known as a tennis player. She won the Wimbledon Ladies' Singles Championship five times, the first one when she was only 15 in the summer of 1887. She remains the youngest ladies' singles champion.

In addition to tennis, Dod competed in many other sports, including golf, field hockey, and archery. She also won the British Ladies Amateur Golf Championship, played twice for the England women's national field hockey team (which she helped to found), and won a silver medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics in archery. The Guinness Book of Records has named her as the most versatile female athlete of all time, together with track and field athlete and fellow golf player Babe Zaharias.

Blanche Bingley
Blanche Bingley Hillyard (née Bingley; 3 November 1863 – 6 August 1946) was an English tennis player. She won six singles Wimbledon championships (1886, 1889, 1894, 1897, 1898, 1900) and was runner up seven times, having also competed in the first Wimbledon championships for women in 1884.

She also won the Irish Championships three times (1888, 1894, 1897); the German International Championships twice (1897, 1900); and the South of England Championships at Eastbourne 11 times from 1885 to 1905.
Gromov's inequality for complex projective space
In Riemannian geometry, Gromov's optimal stable 2-systolic inequality is the inequality

,

valid for an arbitrary Riemannian metric on the complex projective space, where the optimal bound is attained
by the symmetric Fubini–Study metric, providing a natural geometrisation of quantum mechanics.  Here  is the stable 2-systole, which in this case can be defined as the infimum of the areas of rational 2-cycles representing the class of the complex projective line  in 2-dimensional homology.

The inequality first appeared in Gromov (1981) as Theorem 4.36.

The proof of Gromov's inequality relies on the Wirtinger inequality for exterior 2-forms.

Pu's inequality
In differential geometry, Pu's inequality, proved by Pao Ming Pu, relates the area of an arbitrary Riemannian surface homeomorphic to the real projective plane with the lengths of the closed curves contained in it.