hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Highway revolt
Highway revolts (also freeway revolts, expressway revolts, or road protests) are organized protests against the planning or construction of highways, freeways, expressways, and other civil engineering projects that prioritize motor vehicle traffic over pedestrian movement or other considerations.

Freeway revolts first took place in developed countries during the 1960s and 1970s, in response to plans for the construction of new freeways, as advocated for by the highway lobby. Some highways were abandoned or scaled back due to widespread public opposition, especially in neighborhoods that would be disrupted or displaced by the proposed freeways, and by those opposed to freeways' other negative effects. Freeway revolts have gained renewed interest in the 21st century, with activists pushing to bury highways underground or remove freeways from cities to repair the damage to neighborhoods displaced by highway construction in the 20th century.

Freeway removal
Freeway removal is a public policy of urban planning to demolish freeways and create mixed-use urban areas, parks, residential, commercial, or other land uses. Such highway removal is often part of a policy to promote smart growth, transit-oriented development,  and pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly cities. In addition to outright removals, some freeways are reconstituted as boulevards, rebuilt below grade via tunnelling or caps and stitches, or are relocated through less densely-developed areas.
Artoon
Artoon Co., Ltd. (株式会社アートゥーン Kabushiki-Gaisha Ātūn) was a Japanese video game developer established in 1999 by former Sega members, namely Naoto Ohshima and Yoji Ishii. The studio was primarily affiliated in the United States with projects on Microsoft's Xbox and Xbox 360, although they had also worked with Hudson Soft and Nintendo on other platforms.

Artoon was situated in Yokohama, Kanagawa, with a secondary office in Naha, Okinawa. It became a subsidiary of AQ Interactive in May 2004, and was fully acquired in June 2005. Around 2010, Artoon, along with AQ's other development studios Feelplus and Cavia, were absorbed into AQ.

Cavia (company)
Cavia Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社キャビア, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Kyabia) was a Japanese video game developer. The company name was apparently an acronym for "Computer Amusement Visualizer", although the company's web site also claimed it referred to caviar.

Cavia was best known for the Drakengard series, the first title in the Nier series (a spin-off of the former) and three Resident Evil light gun shooters: Dead Aim, The Umbrella Chronicles and The Darkside Chronicles.
Propædia
The one-volume Propædia is the first of three parts of the 15th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, intended as a compendium and topical organisation of the 12-volume Micropædia and the 17-volume Macropædia, which are organised alphabetically. Introduced in 1974 with the 15th edition, the Propædia and Micropædia were intended to replace the Index of the 14th edition; however, after widespread criticism, the Britannica restored the Index as a two-volume set in 1985. The core of the Propædia is its Outline of Knowledge, which seeks to provide a logical framework for all human knowledge. However, the Propædia also has several appendices listing the staff members, advisors and contributors to all three parts of the Britannica.

The last edition of the print Britannica was published in 2010.

History of the Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica has been published continuously since 1768, appearing in fifteen official editions. Several editions were amended with multi-volume "supplements" (3rd, 4th/5th/6th), several consisted of previous editions with added supplements (10th, 12th, 13th), and one represented a drastic re-organization (15th). In recent years, digital versions of the Britannica have been developed, both online and on optical media. Since the early 1930s, the Britannica has developed "spin-off" products to leverage its reputation as a reliable reference work and educational tool.

Print editions were ended in 2012, but the Britannica continues as an online encyclopedia on the internet.
Adak, Alaska
Adak (/ˈeɪ.dæk/, AY-dack; Aleut: Adaax, pronounced [ˈaðɑχ]), formerly Adak Station, is a city located on Adak Island, in the Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 171, down from 326 in 2010. It is the westernmost municipality in the United States and the southernmost city in Alaska. (See Extreme points of the United States.) The city is the former location of the Naval Air Facility Adak, NAVFAC Adak.

Naval Air Facility Adak
Naval Air Facility Adak (IATA: ADK, ICAO: PADK, FAA LID: ADK), was a United States Navy airport located west of Adak, on Adak Island in the U.S. state of Alaska. After its closure in 1997, it was reopened as Adak Airport.  The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark for its role in World War II, although most of its elements from that period have been demolished or lie in ruins.
New World Information and Communication Order
The New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO, also shortened to New World Information Order, NWIO or just, more generally, information order) is a term coined in a debate over media representations of the developing world in UNESCO in the late 1970s early 1980s. The NWICO movement was part of a broader effort to formally tackle global economic inequality that was viewed as a legacy of imperialism upon the global south.

The term was widely used by the MacBride Commission, a UNESCO panel chaired by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Seán MacBride, which was charged with creation of a set of recommendations to make global media representation more equitable. The MacBride Commission produced a report titled "Many Voices, One World", which outlined the main philosophical points of the New World Information Communication Order.

MacBride report
Many Voices One World, also known as the MacBride report, was written in 1980 by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which reports to its International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems. The MacBride report was named after Irish Nobel laureate and peace and human rights activist, Seán MacBride, and was tasked with analysing communication problems in modern societies, particularly relating to mass media and news, considering the emergence of new technologies, and suggesting a form of communication order (New World Information and Communication Order) to reduce obstacles to further peace and human development.

While the report had strong international support, it was condemned by the United States and the United Kingdom as an attack on the freedom of the press, and both countries withdrew from UNESCO in protest in 1984 and 1985, respectively (and later rejoined in 2003 and 1997, respectively).
Zutto Mae Kara Suki Deshita
Zutto Mae Kara Suki Deshita: Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai (ずっと前から好きでした。～告白実行委員会～), also known by its English title I've Always Liked You, is a 2016 anime romance film directed by Tetsuya Yanagisawa, written by Yoshimi Narita and produced by Qualia Animation. The film is based on the Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai ~Ren'ai Series~ Vocaloid song project by HoneyWorks. It revolves around a group of high school friends, who struggle to confess their love.

Zutto Mae Kara Suki Deshita: Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai was released in Japan by Aniplex on April 23, 2016 and is available on Crunchyroll. A sequel titled Suki ni Naru Sono Shunkan o was released on December 17, 2016 in Japan.

Suki ni Naru Sono Shunkan o
Suki ni Naru Sono Shunkan o: Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai (好きになるその瞬間を。～告白実行委員会～), also known by its English title The Moment You Fall in Love, is a 2016 Japanese animated youth romance film directed by Tetsuya Yanagisawa, written by Yoshimi Narita, and produced by Qualia Animation. The film is based on Vocaloid songs from Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai ~Ren'ai Series~ by HoneyWorks. It is the second film based on Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai ~Renai Series~ songs, following Zutto Mae Kara Suki Deshita. It was released in Japan by Aniplex on December 17, 2016, and in the Philippines on April 5, 2017 by ODEX. Crunchyroll began streaming the film on June 6, 2017.
Rye Hills Academy
Rye Hills Academy (formerly Rye Hills School) is a coeducational secondary school located in Redcar in North Yorkshire, England.

The school is on Redcar Lane (B1269) just east of Redcar Racecourse at the junction with Warwick Road. Redcar East railway station is nearby to the north-east. Redcar & Cleveland College had their Connections Campus a little further south along Redcar Lane.

Redcar & Cleveland College
Redcar and Cleveland College is a further education college, based in Redcar, North Yorkshire, England. The college offers apprenticeship training as well as A-level, vocational and higher education courses.

It is part of the Education Training Collective (Etc.), including Stockton Riverside College, Bede Sixth Form College, NETA Training and The Skills Academy.

The college is situated on the A1085 between Westfield and West Dyke, and very near Redcar Central railway station. It is in the Coatham part of Redcar.
A Perfect Murder
A Perfect Murder is a 1998 American crime thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and starring Michael Douglas, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Viggo Mortensen. It is a remake of Alfred Hitchcock's 1954 film Dial M for Murder, though the characters' names have been changed and much of the plot has been rewritten and altered from its original form. Loosely based on the play by Frederick Knott, the screenplay was written by Patrick Smith Kelly.

Dial M for Murder
Dial M for Murder is a 1954 American crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Ray Milland, Grace Kelly, Robert Cummings, Anthony Dawson, and John Williams. Both the screenplay and the successful stage play on which it was based were written by English playwright Frederick Knott. The play premiered in 1952 on BBC Television, before being performed on stage in the same year in London's West End in June, and then New York's Broadway in October.

Originally intended to be shown in dual-strip polarized 3-D, the film played in most cinemas in ordinary 2-D owing to the loss of interest in the 3-D process (the projection of which was difficult and error-prone) by the time of its release. The film earned an estimated $2.7 million in North American box office sales in 1954.
WAR (file format)
In software engineering, a WAR file (Web Application Resource or Web application ARchive) is a file used to distribute a collection of JAR-files, Jakarta Server Pages, Jakarta Servlets, Java classes, XML files, tag libraries, static web pages (HTML and related files) and other resources that together constitute a web application.

JAR (file format)
A JAR ("Java archive") file is a package file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file for distribution.

JAR files are archive files that include a Java-specific manifest file. They are built on the ZIP format and typically have a .jar file extension.
Fondue
Fondue (UK: /ˈfɒndjuː/ FON-dew, US: /fɒnˈdjuː/ fon-DEW, French: [fɔ̃dy], Swiss Standard German: [fɔ̃ːˈdyː] ⓘ; Italian: fonduta) is a Swiss dish of melted cheese and wine served in a communal pot (caquelon or fondue pot) over a portable stove (réchaud) heated with a candle or spirit lamp, and eaten by dipping bread and sometimes vegetables or other foods into the cheese using long-stemmed forks. It was promoted as a Swiss national dish by the Swiss Cheese Union (Schweizerische Käseunion) in the 1930s.

Since the 1950s, the term "fondue" has been generalized to other dishes in which a food is dipped into a communal pot of liquid kept hot in a fondue pot: chocolate fondue, fondue au chocolat, in which pieces of fruit or pastry are dipped into a melted chocolate mixture, fondue bourguignonne, in which pieces of meat are cooked in hot oil, and fondue chinoise (hot pot).

Hot pot
Hot pot (traditional Chinese: 火鍋; simplified Chinese: 火锅; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot') or hotpot, also known as steamboat, is a dish of soup or stock kept simmering in a pot by a heat source on the table, accompanied by an array of raw meats, vegetables and soy-based foods which diners quickly cook by dipping in the broth.
Staffordshire 1
Staffordshire 1 was a tier 9 English Rugby Union league with teams from Staffordshire taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Midlands 5 West (North) and relegated teams dropped to Staffordshire 2 until that division was cancelled at the end of the 2003–04 season.  Staffordshire 1 was itself cancelled one year later at the end of the 2004–05 campaign, with the majority of teams transferred into the newly introduced Midlands 6 West (North).

Staffordshire 2
Staffordshire 2 was a tier 10 English Rugby Union league with teams from Staffordshire taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Staffordshire 1 and there was no relegation.  Staffordshire 2 was cancelled at the end of the 2003–04 season and all teams transferred into Staffordshire 1.
T-box transcription factor T
T-box transcription factor T, also known as Brachyury protein, is encoded for in humans and other apes by the TBXT gene. Brachyury functions as a transcription factor within the T-box family of genes.  Brachyury homologs have been found in all animals that have been screened, including representatives from the earliest-diverging non-bilaterians (Cnidaria, Placozoa, Porifera, Ctenophora).

T-box
T-box refers to a group of transcription factors involved in embryonic limb and heart development. Every T-box protein has a relatively large DNA-binding domain, generally comprising about a third of the entire protein that is both necessary and sufficient for sequence-specific DNA binding. All members of the T-box gene family bind to the "T-box", a DNA consensus sequence of TCACACCT.
Te Pīhopa o Aotearoa
The Bishop of Aotearoa (Māori: Te Pīhopa o Aotearoa) is a bishop in the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia.  The post was created in 1928. The Bishop of Aotearoa is the most senior bishop of Tikanga Māori and the Ordinary of the Bishopric of Aotearoa which jurisdiction covers the whole of Aotearoa, New Zealand. The Bishop of Aotearoa, is also the Primate and Archbishop of Aotearoa New Zealand & Polynesia. The office of Bishop of Aotearoa is currently held by Archbishop Donald Tamihere, who was installed in April 2018 at Manutuke Marae.

Don Tamihere
Donald Steven Tamihere (born 1972) is Te Pīhopa o Te Tairāwhiti (Bishop of Te Tairāwhiti). He was ordained as a bishop in March 2017, succeeding Archbishop Brown Turei. Since April 2018, Tamihere has also served as the Te Pīhopatanga o Aotearoa, the Bishop of the Maori Anglican Church and Primate and Archbishop of New Zealand.

Before his election as bishop, Tamihere was Tumuaki (Dean) of Te Rau College and Ministry Educator for Te Pīhopatanga o Te Tairāwhiti.
United States Postal Savings System
The United States Postal Savings System was a postal savings system operated by the United States Post Office Department (predecessor of the United States Postal Service) from January 1, 1911, until July 1, 1967. It was created by the Postal Savings System Act of 1910 passed by Congress and signed into law by President William Howard Taft.

Postal savings system
Postal savings systems provide depositors who do not have access to banks a safe and convenient method to save money. Many nations have operated banking systems involving post offices to promote saving money among the poor.
Emich Kyrill, Prince of Leiningen
Emich Kyrill, Prince of Leiningen (German: Emich Kirill Ferdinand Hermann Fürst zu Leiningen; 18 October 1926 – 30 October 1991) was a German entrepreneur and son of Karl, Prince of Leiningen. He was the 7th Prince of Leiningen from 1946 until his death in 1991.

Karl, Prince of Leiningen (1898–1946)
Karl, Prince of Leiningen (German: Friedrich Karl Eduard Erwin Fürst zu Leiningen; 13 February 1898 – 2 August 1946) was a German military officer and the eldest surviving son of Emich, Prince of Leiningen. Upon his father's death in 1939, he became the sixth Prince of Leiningen.
Santa Maria Joint Union High School District
Santa Maria Joint Union High School District (SMJUHSD) operates four high schools (Delta, Ernest Righetti, Santa Maria, and Pioneer Valley) located in Santa Maria, California. Currently, 7,800 students are enrolled in this district.

Santa Maria High School
Santa Maria High School (SMHS) is a public comprehensive high school in Santa Maria, California, United States. Located in the heart of the city, Santa Maria High School is the second oldest Californian public high school still functioning on its original site. The Santa Maria Joint Union High School District was founded on June 6, 1893.

In 1996, SMHS was recognized as a California Distinguished School.
William Stafford (poet)
William Edgar Stafford (January 17, 1914 – August 28, 1993) was an American poet and pacifist. He was the father of poet and essayist Kim Stafford. He was appointed the twentieth Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1970.

United States Poet Laureate
The poet laureate consultant in poetry to the Library of Congress, commonly referred to as the United States poet laureate, serves as the official poet of the United States. During their term, the poet laureate seeks to raise the national consciousness to a greater appreciation of the reading and writing of poetry. The position was modeled on the poet laureate of the United Kingdom. Begun in 1937, and formerly known as the consultant in poetry to the Library of Congress, the present title was devised and authorized by an Act of Congress in 1985. Appointed by the librarian of Congress, the poet laureate's office is administered by the Center for the Book. For children's poets, the Poetry Foundation awards the Young People's Poet Laureate.

The incumbent poet laureate (since 2025) is Arthur Sze. He is the first Asian American United States poet laureate.
Shadow Warrior 3
Shadow Warrior 3 is a 2022 first-person shooter game developed by Flying Wild Hog and published by Devolver Digital. The sequel to Shadow Warrior 2 (2016), the game was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One on 1 March 2022. It was later released for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S on 16 February 2023. It received mixed reviews from critics.

Shadow Warrior 2
Shadow Warrior 2 is a 2016 first-person shooter game developed by Flying Wild Hog and published by Devolver Digital. The game is the sequel to 2013's Shadow Warrior, the reboot of the 1997 original. It was released for Windows in October 2016, and for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in May 2017. It received generally positive reviews from critics. A sequel, Shadow Warrior 3, was released in March 2022.
Factor graph
A factor graph is a bipartite graph representing the factorization of a function.  In probability theory and its applications, factor graphs are used to represent factorization of a probability distribution function, enabling efficient computations, such as the computation of marginal distributions through the sum–product algorithm. One of the important success stories of factor graphs and the sum–product algorithm is the decoding of capacity-approaching error-correcting codes, such as LDPC and turbo codes.

Factor graphs generalize constraint graphs.  A factor whose value is either 0 or 1 is called a constraint. A constraint graph is a factor graph where all factors are constraints. The max-product algorithm for factor graphs can be viewed as a generalization of the  arc-consistency algorithm for constraint processing.

Belief propagation
Belief propagation, also known as sum–product message passing, is a message-passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. It calculates the marginal distribution for each unobserved node (or variable), conditional on any observed nodes (or variables). Belief propagation is commonly used in artificial intelligence and information theory, and has demonstrated empirical success in numerous applications, including low-density parity-check codes, turbo codes, free energy approximation, and satisfiability.

The algorithm was first proposed by Judea Pearl in 1982, who formulated it as an exact inference algorithm on trees, later extended to polytrees. While the algorithm is not exact on general graphs, it has been shown to be a useful approximate algorithm.
Fritz (chess)
Fritz is a German chess program originally developed for Chessbase by Frans Morsch based on his Quest program, ported to DOS, and then Windows by Mathias Feist.  With version 13, Morsch retired, and his engine was first replaced by Gyula Horvath's Pandix, and then with Fritz 15, Vasik Rajlich's Rybka. Fritz 17 switched to the Ginkgo engine, written by Frank Schneider.

The latest version of the consumer product is Fritz 19. This version supports 64-bit hardware and multiprocessing by default.

Chess engine
In computer chess, a chess engine is a computer program that analyzes chess or chess variant positions, and generates a move or list of moves that it regards as strongest.

A chess engine is usually a back end with a command-line interface with no graphics or windowing.  Engines are usually used with a front end, a windowed graphical user interface such as Chessbase or WinBoard that the user can interact with via a keyboard, mouse or touchscreen.  This allows the user to play against multiple engines without learning a new user interface for each, and allows different engines to play against each other.

Many chess engines are now available for mobile phones and tablets, making them even more accessible.
Dyskritodon
Dyskritodon ("tooth of unknown origin", from Greek δυσκρίτος, "dyskritos") is a genus of extinct mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and possibly the Early Jurassic of India. Of uncertain affinities. It is tentatively described as a eutriconodont.

Eutriconodonta
Eutriconodonta is an order of early mammals. Eutriconodonts existed in Asia (including pre-contact India), Africa, Europe, North and South America during the Jurassic and the Cretaceous periods. The order was named by Kermack et al. in 1973 as a replacement name for the paraphyletic Triconodonta.

Traditionally seen as the classical Mesozoic small mammalian insectivores, discoveries over the years have shown them to be among the best examples of the diversity of mammals in this time period, including a vast variety of bodyplans, ecological niches and locomotion methods.