hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting from a patented technology without the consent of the patent holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent.

Inventive step and non-obviousness
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, "[the] nonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art".

The expression "inventive step" is used in European Patent Convention and in Patent Cooperation Treaty, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom.
Most Kwai Chung
Most Kwai Chung Limited (Chinese: 毛記葵涌有限公司) is a magazine and online media company based in Hong Kong. The company is well-known for owning and running popular satirical magazine 100Most and online media platform TVMost.

100Most
100Most (Chinese: 100毛) was a satirical weekly magazine published in Hong Kong by Most Kwai Chung, which also runs online platform TVMost. The magazine featured graphics, jokes and reports. Disrespectful and stridently non-conformist in tone, the publication described its characteristics as "short", "hilarious" and "Hong Kong style". The slogan of 100Most is "看得完，剛剛好" (English: "Just Right").

Its 275th and final weekly issue was published on 12 July 2018, after which the magazine was only published in digital format.
Goppenstein railway station
Goppenstein is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Valais and municipality of Ferden. The station is located on the Lötschberg line of the BLS AG, just outside the southern portal of the Lötschberg tunnel. It takes its name from the nearby hamlet of Goppenstein.

Ferden
Ferden is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Besides the village of Ferden itself, the municipality includes the hamlet of Goppenstein, and the alpine settlements of Faldum, Resti and Kummen.
56th Oklahoma Legislature
The Fifty-sixth Oklahoma Legislature was the most recent meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Oklahoma, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final two years of the second administration of Governor Mary Fallin. The November 2016 elections maintained Republican control of both the House and Senate.

Oklahoma Senate
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments, and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget. Every ten years, they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma's electoral districts. The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment.

The presiding officer of the Senate is the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, who is the president of the Senate. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work. Prior to that time, the president of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate, including appointing committees and members to those committees. The president of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie.
Greg Dulli
Greg Dulli (born May 11, 1965) is an American musician from Hamilton, Ohio. Debuting as a member of the rock band the Afghan Whigs in 1986, Dulli has been a member of the Twilight Singers, Gutter Twins, and in 2020 released his debut solo album, Random Desire. Dulli is known as the voice of John Lennon in the 1994 film Backbeat, and has produced music for musicians such as Afterhours, and is known as a regular collaborator of Mark Lanegan and Joseph Arthur.

The Gutter Twins
The Gutter Twins was a musical collaboration between rock musicians Greg Dulli and Mark Lanegan. Dulli and Lanegan had regularly contributed to each other's projects since 2000, most notably in Dulli's Twilight Singers; of the duo's origins, Dulli said "I think Mark told a journalist we were doing it, and then the journalist called me, and I didn't know we were doing it." On Christmas Day 2003, Dulli and Lanegan began work on the collaboration. Their name is a punning homage to the Glimmer Twins, the pseudonym used by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards for work producing recordings by the Rolling Stones.
North-west Derby (Ireland)
The North-west Derby is the name of the association football match played between Finn Harps and Derry City. It has been hotly contested on a season-to-season basis since Derry's inception into the League of Ireland in 1985, with the rival West Ulster clubs often meeting on a number of occasions during the one season.

Finn Harps F.C.
Finn Harps Football Club is an Irish football club that play in the First Division of the League of Ireland, as of 2023. The club was founded in 1954 and elected to the league in 1969. They hail from Ballybofey, County Donegal and play their home matches at Finn Park in Ballybofey. The club's colours are blue and white, and they go by the nickname Harps. The main successes of the club include winning an FAI Cup in 1973–74 and the First Division title in 2004. They also contested the 1999 FAI Cup Final, a second replay of which ended in a narrow defeat, the first replay having been lost to a draw with 30 seconds left to play.

Finn Harps share a local rivalry with Derry City with whom they contest the Northwest Derby.
Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.

Jengish Chokusu
The Jengish Chokusu is the highest mountain in the Tian Shan mountain system in Central Asia at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft). It lies on the China–Kyrgyzstan border between the Ak-Suu District in the Issyk-Kul Region of far eastern Kyrgyzstan and Wensu County, Xinjiang, China. It is part of the Kakshaal Too, the highest part of the Tian Shan, and is southeast of lake Issyk-Kul. Jengish Chokusu is the 16th most prominent peak on Earth.
Sriya Reddy
Sriya Reddy (born 3 April 1978) is an Indian actress, television presenter and video jockey who primarily works in Tamil and Telugu cinema. Born to former Indian test cricketer Bharath Reddy, Sriya worked as a successful video jockey at SS Music before pursuing an acting career in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films.

Following her debut in Samurai (2002), she appeared in nearly a dozen Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films, with Black (2004), Thimiru (2006) and Kanchivaram (2008) and Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire (2023) being her best known productions.

SS Music
SS Music, or Southern Spice Music, was a satellite television channel based in Chennai, India. The multilingual music channel broadcast film songs from Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada film industry.
The music channel also aired mainstream international music from US, UK, Europe regions. The company was started by Fortune Media PVT LTD as a channel to announce lottery results. In 2004 the company was approached by MTV India for a takeover, to be branded as MTV South, but the deal fell through.
Luke 9
Luke 9 is the ninth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the sending of the twelve disciples, several great miracles performed by Jesus, the story of his transfiguration,  Peter's confession and the final departure from Galilee towards Jerusalem. Scottish minister William Robertson Nicoll describes this chapter as unfolding "sundry particulars which together form the closing scenes of the Galilean ministry". The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke the Evangelist composed this Gospel as well as the Acts of the Apostles.

Mark 6
Mark 6 is the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. In this chapter, Jesus goes to Nazareth and experiences rejection by his own family. He then sends his Apostles in pairs to various cities in the region, where they might also face rejection. Finally, Jesus goes back to the Sea of Galilee and performs some of his most famous miracles, including the feeding of the 5,000 and walking on water. This chapter also gives an account of the murder of John the Baptist.
Cobra (militia)
The Cobra Militia, is also known as Forces Démocratique and Patriotique (FDP), was a militia during the civil war in the Republic of the Congo that fought for Denis Sassou Nguesso. Mostly recruiting from the sparsely populated northern region of the country, the Cobras numbered 8,000 at their height.

Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)
The Second Republic of the Congo Civil War, also known as the Second Brazzaville-Congolese Civil War, was the second of two ethnopolitical civil conflicts in the Republic of the Congo which lasted from 5 June 1997 to 29 December 1999. The war served as the continuation of the civil war of 1993–1994 and involved militias representing three political candidates. The conflict ended following the intervention of the Angolan military, which reinstated former president Denis Sassou Nguesso to power.
Old Taylor
Old Taylor Bourbon is a brand of straight bourbon whiskey produced at Buffalo Trace Distillery in Franklin County, Kentucky, by the Sazerac Company. It was named in honor of the historic distiller Col. Edmund H. Taylor Jr.

Col. E. H. Taylor is a premium version available in small batch, single barrel, and barrel proof versions, and as a rye whiskey. The brand has also released several limited-edition expressions. Most expressions are bottled in bond.

Sazerac Company
Sazerac Company, Inc., is a privately held American alcoholic beverage company headquartered in Metairie in the metropolitan area of New Orleans, Louisiana, but with its principal office in Louisville, Kentucky. The company is owned by William Goldring and his family. As of 2017, it operated nine distilleries, had 2,000 employees, and operated in 112 countries. It is one of the two largest spirits companies in the United States, with annual revenue of about $1 billion made from selling about 300 beverage brands.
Bergen (village), New York
Bergen (/ˈbɜːrdʒən/ BUR-jən) is a village in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census.

The village lies on the eastern edge of the town of Bergen. The village is north of the junction of Routes 19 and 33.

Bergen, New York
Bergen is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The town is in the northeastern corner of the county. The population was 3,120 at the 2010 census. There is also a village of Bergen in the town.
Arka Media Works
Arka Media Works is an Indian film production and trans-media company based in Hyderabad known for their works in Telugu cinema and Television. It was founded in 2001 by Shobu Yarlagadda and Prasad Devineni.

Shobu Yarlagadda and Prasad Devineni
Yarlagadda Naga Sobhanadri and Devineni Srinivas Saiprasad, popularly known as Shobu Yarlagadda and Prasad Devineni are an Indian film producer duo. They founded Arka Media Works, a film production company known for its works in Telugu cinema and Telugu Television Programs and Shows. Their notable productions include Vedam (2010), Maryada Ramanna (2010), the Baahubali film series (2015–2017) and Uma Maheswara Ugra Roopasya (2020). Yarlagadda and Devineni have together garnered two National Film Awards, two state Nandi Awards, three Filmfare South Awards, two SIIMA awards, one Zee Cine Awards Telugu and a Saturn Award.
Poems by David Sillar
Poems is a collection of poetry and songs by David Sillar, a close friend of the poet Robert Burns who had been encouraged to go into print by the success of Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. Poems was printed by John Wilson of Kilmarnock in 1789. Sillar's interest in poetry predated his friendship with Burns, but was one of several reasons for it.

David Sillar
David Sillar (1760–1830) was a Scottish farmer, poet, grocer, schoolteacher  and baillie who was a close friend of the poet Robert Burns. He died in 1830, aged 70, after a long illness, and was buried in Irvine's Old Parish Church cemetery. His eroded gravestone was replaced by a facsimile thanks to the Irvine Burns Club. He married twice and had only one son survive him, a Dr. Zachary Sillar M.D. of Liverpool. His father was Patrick Sillar, tenant farmer at Spittalside near Tarbolton, Ayrshire. He first married a widow, Mrs Margaret Kerr, née Gemmell shortly after moving to Irvine and had seven children and his second wife was the sister of John Bryan of the Sun Inn, Kilmarnock.
Durrës Expedition
The Durrës Expedition (Albanian: Ekspedita e Durrësit) was an invasion of the Principality of Albania—led by Karl Thopia—by the Navarrese Company, under the command of Louis of Évreux. Louis hired the Navarrese Company to support him in reclaiming his newly acquired rights over the city of Durrës and overall the Kingdom of Albania, inherited through his marriage to Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo. While details of the expedition are scarce, Louis succeeded in occupying Durrës and ousting Thopia in 1376. However, he died shortly thereafter, rendering his contract with the Navarrese Company void. The mercenaries relocated to Morea under new leadership, leaving Durrës a contested city until another invasion by Thopia in 1383, which led to the final disestablishment of the Kingdom of Albania.

Navarrese Company
The Navarrese Company (Spanish: Compañía navarra; Basque: Nafarroako konpainia) was a company of mercenaries, mostly from Navarre and Gascony that fought in Albania and Greece during the late 14th and early 15th centuries, in the twilight of Frankish power in the dwindling remnant of the Latin Empire. "Navarrese Company" is a modern informal term for the soldiers and is thus somewhat inaccurate.
James Faulkner (cricketer)
James Peter Faulkner (born 29 April 1990) is an Australian former international cricketer who played for the Australian cricket team from 2013 to 2017 and currently in domestic cricket for Tasmania. An all-rounder, Faulkner is known for his aggressive batting in the middle order, and for his bowling at the end of limited-overs innings.

He was a prominent member of the victorious Australian squad at the 2015 Cricket World Cup and was Player of the Match in the tournament final.

2015 Cricket World Cup final
The final of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place on 29 March 2015 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne. It was played between the tournament's two co-hosts, New Zealand and Australia. Australia went into the game as favourites and won by 7 wickets for a fifth World Cup triumph. The match was played in front of 93,013 spectators, a record crowd for a day of cricket in Australia.
Chinese Sign Language
Chinese Sign Language (abbreviated CSL or ZGS; simplified Chinese: 中国手语; traditional Chinese: 中國手語; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shǒuyǔ) is the main sign language used in China. It is not related to the Taiwanese Sign Language used in Taiwan. Manually coded Mandarin is referred to as Wénfǎ Shǒuyǔ (simplified Chinese: 文法手语; traditional Chinese: 文法手語; lit. 'grammatical sign language').

Taiwan Sign Language
Taiwan Sign Language (TSL; Chinese: 台灣手語; pinyin: Táiwān Shǒuyǔ) is the sign language most commonly used by the deaf and hard of hearing in Taiwan.

There are two main dialects of TSL centered on two of the three major sign language schools in Taiwan: one in Taipei, the other in Tainan City. There is a variant based in Taichung, but this sign language is essentially the same as the Tainan school.
Express (Dina Carroll song)
"Express" is a song by British singer and songwriter Dina Carroll, released in May 1993 by A&M Records as the fifth single from her first album, So Close (1993). The song, co written by Carroll with its producer, Nigel Lowis, was a chart success in the UK, peaking at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. On the Eurochart Hot 100, it peaked at number 44 in June 1993.

Dina Carroll
Geraldine "Dina" Carroll (born 21 August 1968) is an English singer and songwriter. She had a string of hits during the 1990s, including the UK top ten singles "It's Too Late" (1991), "Don't Be a Stranger" (1993), "The Perfect Year" (1993), and "Escaping" (1996). Carroll released two studio albums, So Close (1993) and Only Human (1996), both of which reached number two on the UK Albums Chart and were certified platinum. She won Best British Female Solo Artist at the 1994 Brit Awards.
Tuomas Iisalo
Tuomas Iisalo (born 29 July 1982) is a Finnish professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Memphis Grizzlies in the NBA. He previously served as an assistant coach of the Grizzlies under Taylor Jenkins.

Standing at 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in), Iisalo played as a shooting guard during his playing career. He also played for the Finland national team.

Joonas Iisalo
Joonas Iisalo (born 5 January 1986) is a Finnish basketball coach and former player. He is currently an assistant coach of the Finland national team.

Standing at 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in), Iisalo played as shooting guard during his playing career. He capped for Finnish youth national teams on many occasions.
Lick (crater)
Lick is a lunar impact crater that has been flooded with basaltic lava. This crater was named in memory of James Lick, a Californian philanthropist. The north rim is attached to the smaller, bowl-shaped crater Greaves. Lick lies on the southwest edge of Mare Crisium. Its rim is broken at the north and south ends, and the southwest rim is attached to the crater remnant Lick A. There is a small, flooded crater within the southern part of Lick's inner floor, and several tiny craters mark the interior surface.  A small, unnamed crater at the east rim has a bright ray system.

Greaves (crater)
Greaves is a small lunar impact crater that lies near the southwest edge of Mare Crisium. It is a circular, bowl-shaped formation with a small interior floor at the center of the sloping inner walls. The crater is intruding into the northern edge of the lava-flooded crater Lick. To the northwest is Yerkes, and to the northeast is Picard.

This formation was previously designated Lick D, a satellite crater of Lick, before it was given a name by the IAU.
Computing with memory
Computing with memory (or In-Memory Computing, IMC) is a paradigm that performs computations directly within memory arrays (RAM, RRAM, PCM) rather than transferring data to a separate CPU, significantly reducing energy consumption and latency. It addresses the von Neumann bottleneck by enabling data-parallel operations, such as for neural networks and big data analytics, at speeds up to thousands of times faster than traditional storage methods. These paradigms can follow either a purely spatial computing model or a temporal computing model. The latter approach aims at reducing overheads in FPGAs. Computing with memory differs from computing in memory or processor-in-memory concepts.

Computational RAM
Computational RAM (C-RAM) is random-access memory with processing elements integrated on the same chip.  This enables C-RAM to be used as a SIMD computer. It also can be used to more efficiently use memory bandwidth within a memory chip. The general technique of doing computations in memory is called Processing-In-Memory (PIM).
Georgia State Route 355
State Route 355 (SR 355) is a 19.9-mile-long (32.0 km) south–north state highway in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its route is contained within portions of Marion, Chattahoochee, and Talbot counties.

The northern segment was originally part of SR 267 and was built around 1950. By 1963, SR 355 was built along its current alignment, including the former section of SR 267.

Marion County, Georgia
Marion County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 7,498. The county seat is Buena Vista. The county was created on December 14, 1827. The county was named for General Francis Marion of South Carolina.

Marion County is included in the Columbus, GA-AL metropolitan statistical area.

The art site of Pasaquan is located in Marion County.
Van Horn High School (Missouri)
Van Horn High School is a public high school located at 1109 S. Arlington Ave. in Independence, Missouri, United States, in the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of 2008, it is part of the Independence School District. It previously was part of the Kansas City, Missouri School District when it opened in 1955.

Kansas City Public Schools
Kansas City 33 School District, operating as Kansas City Public Schools or KCPS (formerly Kansas City, Missouri School District, or KCMSD), is a school district headquartered at 2901 Troost Avenue in Kansas City, Missouri, United States.

The district, which lost accreditation in 2011, regained provisional accreditation from the state in 2014. In November 2016, the district announced it had gotten a high enough score on state accountability measures for the State Board of Education to consider full accreditation. However, the state's education commissioner told KCPS she wanted to see sustained progress. The earliest the district is likely to regain full accreditation is 2018.

In January 2022, Kansas City Public Schools regained full accreditation from Missouri State School Board of Education ending a decade long quest.

In 2016, the district moved from their longtime offices at 1211 McGee in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, to a Midtown location to be closer to district families.
Joel Stransky
Joel Theodore Stransky (born 16 July 1967) is a South African former rugby union player. A fly-half, he is known for scoring all of South Africa's points, including the winning drop goal, against New Zealand in the 1995 Rugby World Cup final.

1995 Rugby World Cup final
The 1995 Rugby World Cup Final was the final match of the 1995 Rugby World Cup, played in South Africa. The match was played at Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg on 24 June 1995 between the host nation, South Africa, and New Zealand.

South Africa won the match by three points in their first Rugby World Cup Final, which was also the first to require extra time. Unusually, the points were scored by only one player from each team, with Andrew Mehrtens of New Zealand scoring all 12 of the All Blacks points, (three penalties and one drop goal) and Joel Stransky tallying all 15 points (three penalties and two drop goals) for the Springboks, including a drop goal in extra time, which sealed the victory and their first ever  Rugby World Cup title.

At the end of the match, South African President Nelson Mandela, wearing a number 6 Springbok rugby shirt and cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to the South African captain François Pienaar.