hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volume source (pollution)
A volume source of pollution is a three-dimensional source of pollutant emissions. Essentially, it is an area source with a third dimension.

Examples of a volume source of pollution are:

Dust emissions from the wind erosion of uncovered gravel piles, sand piles, limestone piles, coal piles, etc.

Fugitive gaseous emissions from pipe flanges, packed valve seals, gas compressor seals, control valve seals, piping and vessel seals within industrial facilities such as oil refineries and petrochemical plants.

Buildings, containing air pollutant emission sources, with no singular emission vent (i.e., buildings with multiple roof vents or multiple open windows), such as in an urban area.

Area source pollution
Area sources are sources of pollution which emit a substance or radiation from a specified area.Examples of area sources include gas stations, dry-cleaners, print shops, autobody shops, furniture manufactures, and home sources such as wood stoves, pesticides, and cleaners. Area sources contribute to 26 percent of all man-made air toxic emissions according to EPA estimates.
Jason Lees
Jason Lees is a wheelchair rugby player from Victoria and was a member of the Australian Steelers that won the gold medals at the 2012 London and 2016 Rio Paralympics and competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Australia national wheelchair rugby team
Australia national wheelchair rugby team represents Australia in international wheelchair rugby, is sport with national representation at the Paralympic Games. The Australian Team is known as the 'Steelers'.

Australia has competed at every Paralympics Games since the sport gained full Paralympic Medal status at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. The Steelers also competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics where wheelchair rugby was a demonstration sport. The 'Steelers' defeated Canada at the 2012 London Games to win its first gold medal. In 2014, it won its first World Championship by defeating Canada. In winning the world championship, the Steelers became the second nation in history to hold both the Paralympic and world championship titles concurrently.

Wheelchair Rugby Australia (WRA) established in 2022  is responsible for the development and growth of the sport of wheelchair rugby in Australia. The sport is not included at the Special Olympics or the Deaflympics.
8 Eyed Spy
8 Eyed Spy was an American no wave band from New York City, consisting of Lydia Lunch (ex-Teenage Jesus and the Jerks and Beirut Slump) and Jim Sclavunos (also ex-Teenage Jesus and Beirut Slump), Michael Paumgardhen, Pat Irwin and George Scott III. The group was active from 1979 to 1980.

Lydia Lunch
Lydia Lunch (born Lydia Anne Koch; June 2, 1959) is an American singer, poet, writer, actress and self-empowerment speaker. Her career began during the 1970s New York City no wave scene as the singer and guitarist of Teenage Jesus and the Jerks.

Her work typically features provocative and confrontational noise music delivery and she has maintained an anti-commercial stance, operating independently of major labels and distributors. The Boston Phoenix named Lunch one of the ten most influential performers of the 1990s. Kerrang! named Sonic Youth's "Death Valley '69" featuring Lunch one of "The 50 Most Evil Songs Ever".
Sheriffs in the United States
Sheriffs in the United States are the chiefs of law enforcement of a county. A sheriff is usually either elected by the populace or appointed by an elected body.

Sheriffs' offices are typically tasked with operating jails, security at courthouses and county buildings, protection of judges and juries, preventing breaches of the peace, and coordinating with city police departments. Sheriff's offices may also be responsible for security at public events and areas.

A sheriff's subordinate officers are referred to as deputies and they enforce the law in accordance with the sheriff's direction and orders.

Chief of police
A chief of police (COP) is an appointed official or an elected one in the chain of command of a police department, particularly in North America. A chief of police may also be known as a police chief or sometimes just a chief, while some countries favour other titles such as commissioner or chief constable. A police chief is appointed by and answerable to a state or local government.
Murder of Kriss Donald
55°50′32″N 4°11′57″W﻿ / ﻿55.842099°N 4.199232°W﻿ / 55.842099; -4.199232

Kriss Donald (2 July 1988 – 15 March 2004) was a 15-year-old white Scottish teenager who was kidnapped and murdered in Glasgow in 2004 by a gang of five men of Pakistani origin, some of whom fled to Pakistan after the crime. Daanish Zahid, Imran Shahid, Zeeshan Shahid and Mohammed Faisal Mustaq were later found guilty of racially motivated murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. A fifth man, Zahid Mohammed, pleaded guilty to kidnapping, assault and lying to police and was sentenced to five years in prison. He testified against the other four at their trials.

The case featured the first-ever conviction for racially motivated murder in Scotland.

Murder of Ross Parker
Ross Andrew Parker (17 August 1984 – 21 September 2001), from Peterborough, England, was a seventeen-year-old white English male murdered in an unprovoked racially motivated crime. He bled to death after being stabbed, beaten with a hammer and repeatedly kicked by a gang of British Pakistani men. The incident occurred in Millfield, Peterborough, ten days after the September 11 attacks.

In December 2002, Shaied Nazir, Ahmed Ali Awan and Sarfraz Ali were unanimously found guilty of Parker's murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, each receiving minimum terms ranging from 16 to 18 years. A fourth defendant, Zairaff Mahrad, was cleared of murder and manslaughter.

A memorial plaque for Parker is located in the Netherton area of Peterborough where a football match is played each year in his memory.
Carabiner
D-shaped wire gate

D-shaped straight gate

oval straight gate

pear-shaped auto locker

D-shaped screw locker.

A carabiner or karabiner (/ˌkærəˈbiːnər/), often shortened to biner or to crab, colloquially known as a (climbing) clip, is a specialized type of shackle, a metal loop with a spring-loaded gate used to quickly and reversibly connect components, most notably in safety-critical systems. The word comes from the German Karabiner, short for Karabinerhaken, meaning "carbine hook," as the device was used by carabiniers to attach their carbines to their belts.

Maillon
A maillon, maillon rapide or quick link is a metal link, similar to a carabiner. Maillons have a threaded sleeve  which tightens over a thread, as opposed to a hinged gate like a carabiner, making them stronger, but more difficult to use. Like carabiners, maillons are available in a range of shapes and thicknesses (i.e., strengths), and often offer greater versatility over carabiners as their different shapes and lack of hinged gates allow them to be used in multi-directional load situations.

The word maillon comes from the French language, meaning "link".
UBC Thunderbirds football
The UBC Thunderbirds football team represents the University of British Columbia athletics teams in U Sports and is based in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Thunderbirds program has won the CWUAA Hardy Trophy conference championship 17 times, which is third all-time among competing teams. On a national level, the team has won the Vanier Cup championship four times, in 1982, 1986, 1997 and, most recently, in 2015. The team has also lost twice in the title game, in 1978 and 1987. The Thunderbirds program has also yielded three Hec Crighton Trophy winners: Jordan Gagner in 1987, Mark Nohra in 1997, and, most recently, Billy Greene in 2011.

Canada West Universities Athletic Association
Canada West (formally the Canada West Universities Athletic Association or CWUAA) is a regional membership association for universities in Western Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media. This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. Canada West is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Atlantic University Sport (AUS), and the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).
Mission San Juan Capistrano
Mission San Juan Capistrano (Spanish: Misión San Juan Capistrano) is a Spanish mission in San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. Founded November 1, 1776 in colonial Las Californias by Spanish Catholic missionaries of the Franciscan Order, it was named for Saint John of Capistrano. The Spanish Colonial Baroque style church was located in the Alta California province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Mission was founded less than 60 yards from the village of Acjacheme. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and returned to the Roman Catholic Church by the United States government in 1865. The Mission was damaged over the years by a number of natural disasters, but restoration and renovation efforts date from around 1910. It functions today as a museum.

Presidio of Santa Barbara
El Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara, also known as the Royal Presidio of Santa Barbara, is a former military installation in Santa Barbara, California, United States. The presidio was built by Spain in 1782, with the mission of defending the Second Military District in California.  In modern times, the Presidio serves as a significant tourist attraction, museum and an active archaeological site as part of El Presidio de Santa Barbara State Historic Park.

The park contains an original adobe structure called El Cuartel, which is the second oldest surviving building in California; only the chapel at Mission San Juan Capistrano, known as "Father Junípero Serra's Church", is older. The Presidio of Santa Barbara has the distinction of being the last military outpost built by Spain in the New World. The Presidio became a California Historical Landmark in 1958 and was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Jasov Cave
Jasov Cave (Slovak: Jasovská jaskyňa, and Hungarian: Jászói barlang) is a speleothem limestone cave and archaeological site in the Slovak Karst in Slovakia. It is located near the village of Jasov, around 25 km (16 mi) from Košice city. Along with a number of caves of the Slovak Karst, Jasov Cave has been added to the UNESCO World Heritage list as a part of the Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst site, because of its unique diversity of speleothems and its testimony to tropical and temperate cave-forming processes. The cave is known for its pagoda-like stalagmites, sinter waterfalls, and straw stalactites.

Jasov Cave is a total of 2.8 km long, with an air temperature that ranges from 8.8 and 9.4°C. The cave provides habitat for 18 species of bats, and remains of the extinct cave bear and cave hyena have been discovered within the cave.

Slovak Karst
The Slovak Karst (Slovak: Slovenský kras) is one of the mountain ranges of the Slovenské Rudohorie mountains in the Carpathians in southern Slovakia. It consists of a complex of huge karst plains and plateaus. Since 1973 it has been a protected landscape area. On 1 March 2002 Slovak Karst National Park was declared. It is also a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and part of it forms UNESCO World Heritage Site Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst.
Alan Myers (drummer)
Alan Charles Myers (December 29, 1954 – June 24, 2013) was an American rock drummer whose music career spanned more than 30 years. He came to prominence in the late 1970s as the third and most prominent drummer of the new wave band Devo, replacing Jim Mothersbaugh.

Bob Mothersbaugh
Robert Leroy Mothersbaugh Jr. (/ˈmʌðərzbɔː/; born August 11, 1952), also known by his stage name Bob 1, is an American musician, singer, songwriter and composer.

Mothersbaugh's music career spans more than 45 years. He came to prominence in the late 1970s as lead guitarist and occasional lead singer of the new wave band Devo, which released a top 20 hit in 1980 with the single "Whip It". The band has maintained a cult following throughout its existence. He is the younger brother of co-founder and lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh.
World Soundtrack Award – Public Choice
The Public Choice Award for the Best Score of the Year is an award by the World Soundtrack Academy. Each year, the general public votes for the nominees and the award is presented at the annual World Soundtrack Awards.

World Soundtrack Awards
The World Soundtrack Awards, launched in 2001, are the annual awards for best film music, presented during the Film Fest Gent. The World Soundtrack Academy supports the art of film music through cultural, educational and professional activities. The event takes place yearly in Ghent, Belgium with the ceremony usually at the Capitole Concert Hall.
Scouting and Guiding in Cambodia
The Scout and Guide movement in Cambodia is served by two organizations:

Girl Guides Association of Cambodia, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

National Association of Cambodian Scouts, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Girl Guides Association of Cambodia
The Girl Guides Association of Cambodia (Khmer:កាយប្ញទ្ធនារីកម្ពុជា, Kayarith Neary Kompuchea) is the national Guiding organization of Cambodia. It was founded in 1996 and became an associate member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 2002 and a full member in 2011. Membership stood at 4,551 as of 2012.
Romain Métanire
Romain Métanire (born 28 March 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a defenderfor Spokane Velocity. He has previously played for Minnesota United FC, French clubs FC Metz, Stade de Reims (with whom he won Ligue 2 in 2017–18), and Belgian club KV Kortrijk. Born in France, he plays for the Madagascar national team.

Minnesota United FC
Minnesota United Football Club, often shortened to MNUFC, is an American professional soccer club based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Western Conference. The club began play in the 2017 season as the league's 22nd club, and replaced the North American Soccer League (NASL) franchise of the same name.

The club played its home games at the TCF Bank Stadium, on the campus of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, for its first two seasons in MLS play. Minnesota United completed construction of Allianz Field, a soccer-specific stadium in St. Paul's Midway neighborhood, in early 2019.

Minnesota United's ownership is led by Bill McGuire, former CEO of UnitedHealth Group, and includes other Minnesota sports owners: the Pohlad family, owners of the Twins; Timberwolves owner Glen Taylor; former Wild investor Glen Nelson, and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the Carlson hospitality company.
Henschtal
Henschtal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Oberes Glantal.

Steinbach am Glan
Steinbach am Glan (Palatine German: Schdääbach) is an Ortsgemeinde–a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Oberes Glantal.
2011 IPC Athletics World Championships – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships was held in the streets of Christchurch, New Zealand on 30 January.

British athlete David Weir, on January 29, pulled out of the marathon for safety reasons, as the roads around the circuit would not be closed to traffic. He was to compete in the classification T54 event.

British athlete and world record holder Richard Whitehead did not get to compete in a marathon event. He has a double leg amputation and is classified as T42. There was no T42 marathon event, because there were too few marathon runners with a single or double leg amputation. He was not allowed to run in the marathon T46 event (athletes with single above or below elbow amputation).

2011 IPC Athletics World Championships
The 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships was held in Christchurch, New Zealand from January 21 to 30, 2011. Athletes with disabilities competed, and the Championships were a qualifying event for the London 2012 Paralympic Games.

Over 1,000 athletes competed, including Oscar Pistorius (nicknamed the "Blade Runner), who competed in class T44 at the 100m, 4 × 100 m relay, 200m, and 400m events.

A warm-up meet, with free entry for the audience, was held on Friday January 14.

Estimates placed the total visitor spending in the city at around $12 million.
The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel
The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel is an oil on canvas painting of the Holyrood Abbey completed around 1824 by the French artist Louis Daguerre. The painting measures 211 × 256.3 cm (83.1 × 100.9 in), and is exhibited at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, England. The museum acquired it in 1864. It featured at the Salon of 1824 at the Louvre in Paris.

Holyrood Abbey
Holyrood Abbey is a ruined abbey of the Canons Regular in Edinburgh, Scotland. The abbey was founded in 1128 by David I of Scotland. During the 15th century, the abbey guesthouse was developed into a 
royal residence, and after the Scottish Reformation the Palace of Holyroodhouse was expanded further. The abbey church was used as a parish church until the 17th century, and has been ruined since the 18th century. The remaining walls of the abbey lie adjacent to the palace, at the eastern end of Edinburgh's Royal Mile. The site of the abbey is protected as a scheduled monument.
2011 U.S. Open (golf)
The 2011 United States Open Championship was the 111th U.S. Open, played June 16–19 at Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb northwest of Washington, D.C. Rory McIlroy  won his first major title, eight strokes ahead of Jason Day. He set eleven  U.S. Open records on the weekend, including the lowest total 72-hole score (268) and the lowest total under par (−16). McIlroy and Robert Garrigus became the fifth and sixth in U.S. Open history to score under par in all four rounds.

U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.
London Buses route 167
London Buses route 167 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London and Essex, England. Running between Ilford and Loughton station, it is operated by Stagecoach London subsidiary East London.

East London (bus company)
East London Bus & Coach Company Limited, trading as Stagecoach London, is a bus company operating in East London and parts of Essex. The East London brand is a subsidiary of Stagecoach London and operates services under contract to Transport for London from seven garages.
Joi (singer)
Joi Elaine Gilliam (born January 25, 1971), known mononymously as Joi, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer associated with the Dungeon Family collective based in Atlanta, Georgia, and as such often performs with Outkast, Organized Noize, and Goodie Mob (her ex-husband, Big Gipp, is a member of the latter group). Her signature songs include "Sunshine & the Rain", "Lick", and "Freedom".

The Pendulum Vibe
The Pendulum Vibe is the debut album of American recording artist Joi, released on June 28, 1994, by EMI Records. She recorded the album in three weeks with producer and mentor Dallas Austin at D.A.R.P. Studios in Atlanta. The Pendulum Vibe is a neo soul album that incorporates R&B, funk, and psychedelic soul styles. The songs are about themes of enlightenment, personal freedom, intimate relationships, and womanism.

The album was acclaimed by music critics upon its release, but was overlooked commercially and went out of print. It subsequently attained a cult following among listeners of eclectic R&B music and has since been viewed by critics as a precursor to the neo soul music scene.
Dennis Muren
Dennis Muren, A.S.C (born November 1, 1946) is an American film visual effects artist and supervisor. He has worked on the films of George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, and James Cameron, among others, and has won nine Oscars in total: eight for Best Visual Effects and a Technical Achievement Academy Award. The Visual Effects Society has called him "a perpetual student, teacher, innovator, and mentor."

He has been identified as "a pioneer in bringing a new wave of visual effects films to the public, opening the doors for screenwriters and directors to tell stories never before possible with a new realism through the use of his skills in cinematic arts and advanced technologies."

According to Spielberg, Muren "set the example at Industrial Light & Magic for visual effects excellence with effects that add strong, appropriate emotion to a shot and fit seamlessly into a movie."

Industrial Light & Magic
Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects, computer animation and stereo conversion digital studio founded by George Lucas on May 26, 1975. It is a division of the film production company Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded, and was created when he began production on the original Star Wars, the fourth episode of the Skywalker Saga.

ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then later moved to San Rafael in 1978, and since 2005 it has been based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm. As of 2026, Industrial Light & Magic has won 15 Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects.
Charles Wells Russell
Charles Wells Russell (July 22, 1818 – November 22, 1867) was a prominent Virginia lawyer and politician. He supported the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, serving as one of Virginia's delegates to the Provisional Confederate Congress and then the First and Second Confederate Congresses, although his home area seceded from the Commonwealth and became West Virginia during that war.

2nd Confederate States Congress
The 2nd Confederate States Congress, consisting of the Confederate States Senate and the Confederate States House of Representatives, met from May 2, 1864, to March 18, 1865, during the last year of Jefferson Davis's presidency, at the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia; the Confederacy's government effectively dissolved 16 days later, when it fled Richmond on April 3, 1865. Its members were elected in the 1863 congressional elections.