hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transverse Mercator projection
The transverse Mercator map projection (TM, TMP) is an adaptation of the standard Mercator projection. The transverse version is widely used in national and international mapping systems around the world, including the Universal Transverse Mercator. When paired with a suitable geodetic datum, the transverse Mercator delivers high accuracy in zones less than a few degrees in east-west extent.

Mercator projection
The Mercator projection (/mərˈkeɪtər/) is a conformal cylindrical map projection first presented by Flemish geographer and mapmaker Gerardus Mercator in 1569. In the 18th century, it became the standard map projection for navigation due to its property of representing rhumb lines as straight lines. When applied to world maps, the Mercator projection inflates the size of lands the farther they are from the equator. Therefore, landmasses such as Greenland and Antarctica appear far larger than they actually are relative to landmasses near the equator. Its use for maps other than marine charts declined throughout the 20th century, but resurged in the 21st century due to characteristics favorable for Worldwide Web maps.
Slim River
Slim River is a town in Muallim District, Perak, Malaysia. It is situated in the southern part of Perak and is 20 kilometres (12 mi) of Tanjung Malim, and around 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) from the state border with Selangor across the Bernam River. It is positioned equidistant between Kuala Lumpur in the south and Ipoh up north, at approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) from both cities. The town is surrounded by many small villages.

Tanjong Malim
Tanjong Malim, or Tanjung Malim, is a town in Muallim District, Perak, Malaysia. It is approximately 70 km (43 mi) north of Kuala Lumpur and 120 km south of Ipoh via the North–South Expressway. It lies on the Perak-Selangor state border, with Sungai Bernam serving as the natural divider.

"Tanjong Malim" usually refers to the territory under administration of Tanjong Malim District Council or Majlis Daerah Tanjong Malim (MDTM), which includes the smaller towns adjacent to the town such as Proton City, Behrang, Behrang 2020, Sungkai and Slim River. "Tanjong Malim" is also referred to the Old Town and New Town divided by the KTM Komuter rail at its heart. Tanjong Malim is home to the main campus of the Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI).
Bulphan
Bulphan (Bul-ven ⓘ) is a village in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) east of Upminster, its post town, and 4 miles (6 km) west of the centre of Basildon. At the 2021 census the Bulphan built up area had a population of 759.

Bulphan was an ancient parish. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1936 on the creation of Thurrock Urban District, which in turn became the modern borough of Thurrock in 1974. The parish has also been merged for ecclesiastical purposes with the neighbouring parishes of Horndon-on-the-Hill and Orsett.

Orsett
Orsett is a village in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. It lies 3 miles (5 km) north-east of the centre of Grays, its post town. At the 2021 census the Orsett built up area had a population of 1,461.

Orsett was an ancient parish. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1936 on the creation of Thurrock Urban District, which in turn became the modern borough of Thurrock in 1974. The parish has also been merged for ecclesiastical purposes with the neighbouring parishes of Bulphan and Horndon-on-the-Hill.
Sharna Burgess
Sharna May Burgess (born 21 June 1985) is an Australian ballroom dancer who is best known for being a professional partner and troupe member on the ABC series Dancing with the Stars. She is the winner of season 27 of American television show Dancing with the Stars with her celebrity partner Bobby Bones, where she has also been a runner-up in several other seasons. She has also been a judge on the Australian version of the show since 2019, along with Craig Revel Horwood and Tristan MacManus.

Bobby Bones
Bobby Estell, (born April 2, 1980) known professionally as Bobby Bones, is an American radio and television personality, best known for hosting the nationally syndicated The Bobby Bones Show, originating from the iHeart Studios in Nashville, TN, and for his role as a full-time mentor on American Idol on ABC. He was the winner of season 27 of Dancing with the Stars with partner Sharna Burgess. He has also written two New York Times best sellers. Bones has also released a number of country music albums through Black River Entertainment.
Elm Creek (Guadalupe County)
Elm Creek is the name of two separate streams that rise in Guadalupe County southwest of Seguin in South Central Texas, United States. The western Elm Creek runs approximately 14 miles from its source about 8.6 miles southwest of Seguin in southwestern Guadalupe County (in the Texas Prairielands), to its confluence with Cibolo Creek, two miles east of La Vernia in Wilson County. The eastern Elm Creek originates 9.4 miles southwest of Seguin, and proceeds southeast through Guadalupe County, where it discharges into Cottonwood Creek, which itself flows into the Guadalupe River.

Cibolo Creek
Cibolo Creek (/ˈsɪbəˌloʊ/) is a stream in South Central Texas that runs approximately 96 miles (154 km) from its source at Turkey Knob (in the Texas Hill Country) near Boerne, Texas, to its confluence with the San Antonio River in Karnes County. The creek is a tributary of the San Antonio River, at the easternmost part of its watershed.

The stream is used for both recreational and cartographic purposes, serving as the eastern boundary of Bexar County, Texas. A wide variety of fish and other wildlife are known to occupy the waters, and several parks have been established along its banks, including Cibolo Nature Center, Boerne City Park and Jackson Nature Center. Additionally, numerous human settlements have been founded on the creek, such as Boerne, Fair Oaks Ranch, San Antonio, Bulverde,  Bracken, Selma, Schertz, Universal City, Cibolo, Zuehl, New Berlin, La Vernia, Cestohowa, Kosciusko, Sutherland Springs and Panna Maria.
Philippine Executive Commission
The Philippine Executive Commission (PEC; Tagalog: Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas) was a pro-Axis government set up to govern the Philippine archipelago during World War II. It was established with sanction from the occupying Imperial Japanese forces as an interim governing body prior to the establishment of the Japanese-backed, Second Philippine Republic.

Second Philippine Republic
The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a pro-Axis government established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation of the islands until its dissolution on August 17, 1945.
Westcliffe Estates
Westcliffe Estates (Bells Corners West), is a neighbourhood of Bells Corners in College Ward, in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1969, most of the older homes in this area were built by Assaly Construction and later the Thomas C. Assaly Corporation. The Westcliffe community is characterized by significantly higher residential densities than other parts of Bells Corners. There is a multi-storey housing complex operated by Nepean Housing as well as a multi-storey seniors residence  and co-operative housing project.  Today there are a total of 1760 homes in the neighbourhood.

Bells Corners
Bells Corners is a suburban neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located along Robertson Road west of downtown, within Ottawa's western Greenbelt, in College Ward.  As of the 2021 Canadian census, the community had a population of 9,385.
Jeff Burroughs
Jeffrey Alan Burroughs (born March 7, 1951) is an American former professional baseball player. He played as an outfielder in Major League Baseball from 1970 through 1985, for the Washington Senators / Texas Rangers (1970–76), Atlanta Braves (1977–80), Seattle Mariners (1981), Oakland Athletics (1982–84) and Toronto Blue Jays (1985).

A two-time All-Star player, Burroughs was the first overall pick in the 1969 Major League Baseball draft and was notable for being the 1974 American League RBI champion and for being named the American League's Most Valuable Player that same year. He is the father of former major league third baseman Sean Burroughs.

In a 16-season career, Burroughs posted a .261 batting average with 240 home runs and 882 RBI in 1,689 games.

Sean Burroughs
Sean Patrick Burroughs (September 12, 1980 – May 9, 2024) was an American professional baseball third baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2002 to 2005 and 2011 to 2012 for the San Diego Padres, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Arizona Diamondbacks, and Minnesota Twins. He won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Klawock, Alaska
Klawock (Tlingit: Lawáak) is a city in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, in the U.S. state of Alaska, on the west coast of Prince of Wales Island, on Klawock Inlet, across from Klawock Island. As of the 2020 census, Klawock had a population of 720. It is located 56 miles (90 km) from Ketchikan, 7 miles (11 km) from Craig, and 24 miles (39 km) from Hollis.

Klawock is the headquarters of the Klawock Cooperative Association, a federally recognized tribe of Tlingit Native Americans.

Craig, Alaska
Craig (Tlingit: Sháan Séet) is a city in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area in the Unorganized Borough[A] in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 1,036 at the 2020 census, down from 1,201 in 2010.

Craig is the headquarters of the Craig Tribal Association, a federally recognized tribe of Alaska Natives.
Forester's Hall
Forester's Hall, also known as Forest Hall, is a historic commercial building located at Milford, Pike County, Pennsylvania.  The original section was built in 1886, and expanded in 1904.  It is a large three-story, eight-bay wide building constructed of bluestone.  It features a steep pointed roof, small towers, gables, dormers, and three bluestone chimneys in a Châteauesque style.

The 1904 addition was built to house classrooms and auditoriums for the summer forestry Masters program operated by the Yale School of Forestry at nearby Grey Towers.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is located within the Milford Historic District.

Milford, Pennsylvania
Milford is a borough that is located in Pike County, Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat. Its population was 1,103 at the time of the 2020 census.

Situated near the upper Delaware River, Milford is part of the New York metropolitan area.
Deadlands
Deadlands is a genre-mixing alternate history role-playing game which combines the Western and horror genres, with some steampunk elements. The original game was written by Shane Lacy Hensley and published by Pinnacle Entertainment Group in 1996.

The eight-time Origins Award–winning setting has been converted to many other systems over the years and is available in the original Classic Rules, the revised Classic Rules, d20 System and GURPS adaptations, and a Savage Worlds version called Deadlands: Reloaded.

Deadlands: Reloaded
Deadlands: Reloaded is a Western horror role-playing game published by Great White Games in 2005 under their Pinnacle Entertainment Group imprint. The game is a revision of the Deadlands role-playing game published nine years earlier. The original game had a custom rule set; this revision uses the cross-genre Savage Worlds game rules.
Nick Whalen
Nicholas Julian Whalen  (born June 6, 1973) is a Canadian Liberal politician, who represented the riding of St. John's East in the House of Commons of Canada from 2015 until 2019. Whalen was defeated in the 2019 federal election by former New Democratic MP Jack Harris in a rematch of the 2015 election.

Jack Harris (Newfoundland and Labrador politician)
John James "Jack" Harris KC (born October 27, 1948) is a former Canadian lawyer and politician from Newfoundland and Labrador. Harris served as the New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament for St. John's East. He represented the riding from 1987 to 1988 and again from 2008 to 2015, when he was defeated. He won the seat again in the 2019 federal election, becoming the only NDP member of the House of Commons from Atlantic Canada. He retired from politics in 2021. Harris is also the former leader of the Newfoundland and Labrador New Democratic Party (1992–2006).
Maroto Column
The Maroto Column (Spanish: Columna Maroto) was a column of the confederal militias that fought in the Spanish Civil War. Established in Alicante under the command of Francisco Maroto, it attempted to march on Nationalist-held Granada, but was halted in the Sierra Nevada. Following the Nationalist victory in the Battle of Málaga, the Column accepted its own militarisation and reconstituted itself as the 147th Mixed Brigade.

Confederal militias
The confederal militias were a movement of people's militia during the Spanish Civil War organized by the Spanish anarchist movement: the National Confederation of Labor (CNT) and the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI). The CNT militias replaced clandestine defense committees instituted earlier. As the war progressed, the militias were progressively dissolved and assimilated into the Spanish Republican Army, in spite of many militiamen refusing the militarization.
Pauline privilege
The Pauline privilege (Latin: privilegium Paulinum) is the allowance by the Roman Catholic Church of the dissolution of marriage of two persons not baptized at the time the marriage occurred. The Pauline privilege is drawn from the Apostle Paul's instructions in the First Epistle to the Corinthians.

First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Ancient Greek: Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and a co-author, Sosthenes, and is addressed to the Christian church in Corinth. Scholars believe that Sosthenes was the amanuensis who wrote down the text of the letter at Paul's direction. It addresses various issues which had arisen in the Christian community at Corinth and is composed in a form of Koine Greek. Despite the name, it is not believed to be the first such letter written to the Corinthian church.
Saudi Arabia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Saudi Arabia participated in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom, from August 29 to September 9.

Although the country sent female athletes for the first time to the London Olympics, under pressure from the International Olympic Committee, its Paralympic delegation to the London Games remained, as previously, exclusively male. The Kingdom was represented by three athletes in track and field, and one in powerlifting.

Saudi Arabia at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Saudi Arabia competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's tenth appearance at the Olympics, having participated in every edition of the Summer Games since their first appearance in 1972 with the exception of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, because of its partial support to the United States boycott.

The Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee sent the nation's largest delegation to the Games after the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Saudi Arabia also made a historic Olympic record by having two female athletes in the team for the first time, along with seventeen men competing in five different sports. Six athletes had competed in Beijing, including discus thrower Sultan Mubarak Al-Dawoodi, who became the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

Saudi Arabia left London with only a bronze medal, won by the equestrian team members Ramzy Al Duhami, Abdullah Al Saud, Kamal Bahamdan, and Abdullah Sharbatly in show jumping.
L'Ange de Nisida
L'Ange de Nisida (The Angel of Nisida) is an opera semiseria in four acts by Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti, from a French-language libretto by Alphonse Royer and Gustave Vaëz.

Parts of the libretto are considered analogous with the libretto for Giovanni Pacini's Adelaide e Comingio, and the final scene is based on the François-Thomas-Marie de Baculard d'Arnaud play Les Amants malheureux, ou le comte de Comminges. Donizetti worked on the opera in late 1839—its final page is dated 27 December 1839. Because the subject matter involved the mistress of a Neapolitan king, and may thus have caused difficulties with the Italian censors, Donizetti decided that the opera should be presented in France. The theater company Donizetti contracted went bankrupt; the opera was reworked as La favorite in September 1840. L'Ange finally received its premiere in its original form in 2018 in a concert performance at London's Royal Opera House.

La favorite
La favorite (The Favourite, frequently referred to by its Italian title: La favorita) is a grand opera in four acts by Gaetano Donizetti to a French-language libretto by Alphonse Royer and Gustave Vaëz, based on the play Le comte de Comminges by Baculard d'Arnaud with additions by Eugène Scribe based on the story of Leonora de Guzman. The opera concerns the romantic struggles of the King of Castile, Alfonso XI, and his mistress, the "favourite" Leonora, against the backdrop of the political wiles of receding Moorish Spain and the life of the Catholic Church. It premiered on 2 December 1840 at the Académie Royale de Musique (Salle Le Peletier) in Paris.
OS/VS1
Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, or OS/VS1, is a discontinued IBM mainframe computer operating system designed to be run on IBM System/370 hardware. It was the successor to the Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks (MFT) option of System/360's operating system OS/360. OS/VS1, in comparison to its predecessor, supported virtual memory (then called virtual storage). OS/VS1 was generally available during the 1970s and 1980s, and it is no longer supported by IBM.

OS/360 and successors
OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages for the IBM 7090/7094 and even more so by the PR155 Operating System for the IBM 1410/7010 processors. It was one of the earliest operating systems to require the computer hardware to include at least one direct access storage device.

Although OS/360 itself was discontinued, successor operating systems, including the virtual storage MVS and the 64-bit z/OS, are still run as of 2023 and maintain application-level compatibility with OS/360.
Berberis bealei
Berberis bealei,  also known as leatherleaf mahonia, Beale's barberry, is a species of evergreen shrub native to mainland China. The species has been regarded as the same species as Berberis japonica, native to Taiwan, but the two differ consistently in certain floral and leaf characters. Both species are widely cultivated in many countries as ornamentals. Berberis bealei has reportedly escaped cultivation and become established in the wild in scattered places in the south-eastern United States from Arkansas to Florida to Delaware.

Berberis japonica
Berberis japonica is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native to Taiwan. Despite the name, it is not native to Japan, though it has been known in cultivation there for centuries. The wild origins of this species have long puzzled botanists, but wild plants in Taiwan, previously known under the name Mahonia tikushiensis, appear most similar to the cultivated forms of B. japonica.
Yvette McCausland-Durie
Yvette McCausland-Durie is a New Zealand netball coach and former netball player. As a player, she played for Western Flyers during the National Bank Cup era and represented New Zealand at under-21 level. She was a member of the New Zealand team that won the 1992 World Youth Netball Championships. As a head coach, McCausland-Durie guided Central Pulse to the 2019 and 2020 ANZ Premierships and the 2018 Super Club title. She has also worked with the senior New Zealand team as an assistant coach and interim head coach and with the under-21 team as a head coach. She was head coach when New Zealand won gold at the 2009 World Youth Netball Championships. In September 2025, McCausland-Durie was appointed as the interim head coach for the senior team after Noeline Taurua was stood down by Netball New Zealand. McCausland-Durie is also a schoolteacher and educator.   Together with her husband, she is a co-founder of the Manukura School based in Palmerston North.

Manukura
Manukura is a co-educational designated character school for Year 9 to 13 students. It is based at Massey University in Palmerston North, New Zealand. It is effectively a sports academy specialising in Māori students. The school was founded in 2005 and was originally known as Tū Toa. The school has programmes in netball, basketball, rugby union and rugby sevens. Yvette McCausland-Durie was a co-founder of the school, and is also a member of its board of trustees.
Tamil nationalism
Tamil nationalism  is the ideology which asserts that the Tamil people constitute a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Tamil people. Tamil nationalism is primarily a secular nationalism, that focus on language and homeland. It expresses itself in the form of linguistic purism ("Pure Tamil"), linguistic nationalism, social equality ("Self-Respect Movement") and Tamil Renaissance.

Since the independence of India and Sri Lanka, Tamil separatist movements have been actively suppressed in both countries.

Tanittamil Iyakkam
Tanittamil Iyakkam (Independent Tamil Movement) is a linguistic purism movement which advocated to remove loanwords from Tamil language. Maraimalai Adigal laid the foundation for the movement in the early 20th century, and it was propagated later through the writings of Bharathidasan, Devaneya Pavanar, Perunchithiranar, and Subramania Siva. In 1902, Parithimar Kalaignar demanded classical language status for Tamil, and the language became the first to be accorded the status by the Government of India in 2004.
Avida (software)
Avida is an artificial life software platform to study the evolutionary biology of self-replicating and evolving computer programs (digital organisms). Avida is under active development by Charles Ofria's Digital Evolution Lab at Michigan State University; the first version of Avida was designed in 1993 by Ofria, Chris Adami and C. Titus Brown at Caltech, and has been fully reengineered by Ofria on multiple occasions since then.  The software was originally inspired by the Tierra system.

Tierra (computer simulation)
Tierra is a computer simulation developed by ecologist Thomas S. Ray in the early 1990s in which computer programs compete for time (central processing unit (CPU) time) and space (access to main memory). In this context, the computer programs in Tierra are considered to be evolvable and can mutate, self-replicate and recombine. Tierra's virtual machine is written in C.  It operates on a custom instruction set designed to facilitate code changes and reordering, including features such as jump to template (as opposed to the relative or absolute jumps common to most instruction sets).
I Was Monty's Double (film)
I Was Monty's Double (U.S. title: Hell, Heaven or Hoboken) is a 1958 British film directed by John Guillermin and starring M. E. Clifton James, John Mills and Cecil Parker. The screenplay was by Bryan Forbes adapted from the autobiography of Clifton James, an actor who pretended to be General Bernard Montgomery as a decoy during World War II. It was produced by the Associated British Picture Corporation.

I Was Monty's Double
I Was Monty's Double (released in the US as The Counterfeit General Montgomery) is a book by M. E. Clifton James, first published in London in 1954. It was made into a film in 1958, directed by John Guillermin, from a screenplay adapted by Bryan Forbes.  It tells the story of Operation Copperhead: James had an uncanny resemblance to Bernard Montgomery in real life, and he was used to impersonate Montgomery to confuse the Germans during the Second World War.