hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud
Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (20 August 1798 – 29 September 1854) was a French soldier and Marshal of France. He served as French Minister of War until the Crimean War when he became Commander-in-chief of the army of the East.

He was a key conspirator in the 1851 French coup d'état which dissolved the National Assembly, granted dictatorial powers to Napoleon III and caused the dissolution of the French Second Republic.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Trend Records (UK label)
Trend Records was an English Record label which existed from the late 1960s until the early 1970s. It issued recordings by such notable artists and personalities as Consortium, The Foundations, Audrey Hall, Marcus Lipton, Julie Stevens, Warm Dust and Colin Young.

The Foundations
The Foundations were a British soul band who were primarily active between 1967 and 1970. The group's background was West Indian, White British and Sri Lankan. Their 1967 debut single "Baby Now That I've Found You" reached number one in the UK and Canada, and number eleven in the US. Their 1968 single "Build Me Up Buttercup" reached number two in the UK and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. The group was the first multi-racial group to have a number one hit in the UK in the 1960s.

The Foundations were one of the few British acts to imitate successfully what became known as the Motown Sound. The Foundations signed to Pye, at the time one of only four big UK record companies (the others being EMI, which included the His Master's Voice, Columbia and Parlophone labels, Decca, and Philips, which also owned Fontana).
Vassily Solomin
Vassily Anatolyevich Solomin (Russian: Василий Анатольевич Соломин; 5 January 1953, in Perm – 28 December 1997, in Perm) was a boxer who represented the Soviet Union at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There, he won a bronze medal in the lightweight division (– 60 kg), after being beaten in the semifinals by Romania's eventual silver medalist Simion Cuţov.

Solomin began training under Yuri Podshivalov in 1969 at Trudovye Rezervy in Perm. He won the world title at the inaugural 1974 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Havana, Cuba. From 1975 he represented the Armed Forces sports society.  He was coached by Viktor Ageev.

Simion Cuțov
Simion Cuțov (7 May 1952 – 1993) was a lightweight boxer from Romania who won the European amateur title in 1973 and 1975. He competed at the 1974 World Championships and 1976 and 1980 Olympics and won silver medals in 1974 and 1976. In 1974, he won a gold medal at the Balkan Games. He retired with a record of 20 losses out of 155 bouts. His elder brother Calistrat was also an Olympic boxer.
Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.

Sakishima Islands
The Sakishima Islands (Japanese: 先島諸島 / 先島群島, Hepburn: Sakishima-shotō / Sakishima-guntō; Okinawan: Sachishima; Miyako: Saksїzїma; Yaeyama: Sakїzїma; Yonaguni: Satichima) are an archipelago located at the southernmost end of the Japanese Archipelago. They are part of the Ryukyu Islands and include the Miyako Islands and the Yaeyama Islands. The islands are administered as part of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
Beta normal form
In  lambda calculus, a term is in beta normal form if no beta reduction is possible. A term is in beta-eta normal form if neither a beta reduction nor an eta reduction is possible. A term is in head normal form if there is no beta-redex in the head position. The normal form of a term, if one exists, is unique (as a corollary of the Church–Rosser theorem). However, a term may have more than one head normal form.

Lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, i.e. a model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine (and vice versa). It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics. In 1936, Church found a formulation which was logically consistent, and documented it in 1940.
Howden
Howden (/ˈhaʊdən/) is a market town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of York to the north of the M62, on the A614 road about 16 miles (26 km) south-east of York and 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Goole, which lies across the River Ouse. It is known for Howden Minster, one of the largest churches in the East Riding.

William the Conqueror gave the town to the Bishops of Durham in 1080. The wapentake of Howdenshire was named after the town, and remained an exclave of County Durham until as late as 1846. The original boundaries of the wapentake were used for the current two government wards of Howden and Howdenshire, which had a combined population of 19,753 at the 2011 census.

Goole
Goole is a port town and civil parish on the River Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The town's historic county is the West Riding of Yorkshire.

At the 2021 UK census, Goole parish had a population of 20,475. It is 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Doncaster, 19 miles (31 km) south of York and 29 miles (47 km) west of Hull.

The town has the United Kingdom's furthest inland port, being about 50 miles (80 km) from the North Sea. It is capable of handling nearly 2 million tonnes of cargo per year, making it one of the most important ports on England's east coast.

Goole is twinned with Złotów in Poland. Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.
Max Robinson
Maxie Cleveland Robinson Jr. (May 1, 1939 – December 20, 1988) was an American broadcast journalist, most notably serving as co-anchor on ABC World News Tonight alongside Frank Reynolds and Peter Jennings from 1978 until 1983. Robinson is noted as the first African-American broadcast network news anchor in the United States. Robinson was a founder of the National Association of Black Journalists.

Frank Reynolds
Frank James Reynolds (November 29, 1923 – July 20, 1983) was an American television journalist for CBS and ABC News.

Reynolds was a New York–based anchor of the ABC Evening News from 1968 to 1970 and later was the Washington, D.C.–based co-anchor of World News Tonight from 1978 until his death in 1983. During the Iran hostage crisis, he began the 30-minute late-night program America Held Hostage, which later was renamed Nightline, and then taken over by Ted Koppel.
Swedish Defence Research Agency
The Swedish Defence Research Agency (Swedish: Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut, FOI; literal translation: Total Defence Research Institute) is a government agency in Sweden for total defence research and development.

FOI has its headquarters in Kista (Stockholm). Other FOI offices or research centres are located in Grindsjön, Linköping, and Umeå.

Government agencies in Sweden
The government agencies in Sweden are state authorities that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. The ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to monitor the agencies and preparing decision and policy papers for the government as a collective body to decide upon.

A Cabinet Minister is explicitly prohibited from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases. The cardinal rule is that Ministers are not allowed to issue orders to agencies in their portfolio personally (with only a few exceptions) as the government agencies are subject to decisions made by the government, although the government cannot even directly overrule an agency in the handling of an individual case.

Other than the executive branch, the Riksdag also has a number of independent agencies.
Roger Dingledine
Roger Dingledine is an American computer scientist who co-founded the Tor Project. An MIT graduate in mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering, Dingledine is also known by the pseudonym arma. As of December 2016, he is Project Leader, Director, and Research Director at the Tor Project.

The Tor Project
The Tor Project, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) research-education nonprofit organization based in Winchester, Massachusetts. It is founded by computer scientists Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson, and five others. The Tor Project is primarily responsible for maintaining software for the Tor anonymity network.
Kesari (Marathi newspaper)
Kesari is an Indian Marathi language newspaper which was founded on 4 January 1881 by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a self-rule activist in the Indian independence movement. It is owned and managed by the Kesari Mahratta Trust, which also oversees Mahratta, an English-language newspaper.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Marathi: बाळ गंगाधर टिळक pronunciationⓘ; born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation: [keʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək]); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), was an Indian nationalist and self-rule activist in the Indian independence movement. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. The honorific "Lokmanya" (meaning "accepted by the people as their leader") was applied to him by his supporters.

Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ('self-rule') and is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with the leaders of the "New Party" (Nationalists), joining forces with Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghose to advocate for self-rule. He also worked with V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah who later oversaw Pakistan's independence from British rule.
21st Commando Regiment (Malaysia)
The 21st Commando Regiment (Abbr. 21 CDO, Malay: Rejimen ke-21 Komando, stylised as Rejimen 21 Komando — 21 Kdo, Jawi: ريجيمن ك-٢١ كومندو‎) is a special forces unit of the Malaysian Army. It is one of three regiments under the elite Gerak Khas, alongside the 22nd Commando Regiment and the 11th Special Service Regiment. The regiment is headquartered at Camp Sungai Udang in Malacca.

Originally known as the Malaysian Special Service Regiment, it was later redesignated the 1st Malaysian Special Service Regiment following the formation of a second regiment. The 21 CDO traces its roots back to the Malaysian Special Service Unit—the first special operations task force in the Malaysian Armed Forces. Today, the regiment is a key component of the 21st Special Service Group, continuing its legacy as a cornerstone of Malaysia’s special operations capability.

Gerak Khas (Malaysian Army unit)
Gerak Khas (English: Special Forces, Jawi: ڬرق خاص‎), also spelled Gerakhas, is a Malaysian Army special forces unit that performs special operations missions such as direct action, unconventional warfare, sabotage, counter-terrorism, and intelligence gathering. Gerak Khas was founded in 1965 during the Indonesia-Malaysia conflict, and they gained worldwide fame and recognition after successfully pacifying the communist insurgency in Malaysia's jungles between 1968 and 1989.

The majority of Gerak Khas commandos are assigned to the 21st Special Service Group, but they are also attached to other units such as the 91st Intelligence Operations Group, Defence Special Operations Division, Special Warfare Training Centre and the Malaysian Army Ready Battalion (Malay: Batalion Siap Sedia Tentera Darat).
Bandboy
Bandboy (also expressed as band boy) is a bygone term for a job similar to for what now is known as a "roadie."  They set up, tear down, and maintain equipment, and music.  They help out backstage with tasks such as making sure that towels, drinks, and ice are available.

Unlike a roadie, the bandboy was more like a personal assistant, or au pair, or butler/dresser for the leader — making sure suits were dry cleaned, shoes shined, and the like.  On foreign tours a local bandboy would translate, find places to eat, change money, buy train tickets, and perform similar tasks.  Often the bandboy would disseminate information for the leader, hand out itineraries, room lists, and set lists.  The role of bandboy was different with every band and had different duties than the more senior road manager, who dealt with promoters, booking agents, contracts, payroll, and catering.  When times got tough financially, road managers or band members themselves often performed bandboy duties.

Road crew
The road crew (also known as roadies) are the support personnel who travel with an artist or band on tour, usually in sleeper buses, and handle every part of the concert productions except actually performing the music with the musicians. This catch-all term covers many people: tour managers, production managers, stage managers, front of house and monitor engineers, lighting directors, lighting designers, lighting techs, guitar techs, bass techs, drum techs, keyboard techs, pyrotechnicians, security/bodyguards, truck drivers, merchandise crew, and caterers, among others.
John M. Jumper
John Michael Jumper (born 1985) is an American chemist and computer scientist. Jumper and Demis Hassabis were awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for protein structure prediction.

As of 2025 Jumper serves as director at Google DeepMind. Jumper and his colleagues created AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict protein structures from their amino acid sequence with high accuracy. The AlphaFold team had released 214 million protein structures as of January 2024.

The scientific journal Nature included Jumper as one of the ten "people who mattered" in science in their annual listing of Nature's 10 in 2021.

Demis Hassabis
Sir Demis Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) is a British artificial intelligence (AI) researcher and entrepreneur. He is the chief executive officer and co-founder of Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs, and a UK Government AI Adviser. In 2024, Hassabis and John M. Jumper were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their AI research contributions for protein structure prediction.

Hassabis is a Fellow of the Royal Society and has won awards for his research efforts, including the Breakthrough Prize, the Canada Gairdner International Award and the Lasker Award. He was appointed a CBE in 2017, and knighted in 2024 for his work on AI. He was also listed among the Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2017 and 2025, and was one of the "Architects of AI" collectively chosen as Time's 2025 Person of the Year.
Wodonga High School
Wodonga High School was one of three public secondary schools educating Years 7−12 in Wodonga, Victoria, Australia. It was founded in 1955, and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2005 under principal, Peter McLean.

In 2005−2006 it formally merged and pooled resources with the other two public secondary schools in Wodonga, Wodonga West Secondary College and Mitchell Secondary College. As of 2006, the former Wodonga High School facility is a specialist senior school for Years 10, 11 and 12, known as Wodonga Senior Secondary College, loosely associated with Wodonga Middle Years College.

Wodonga Senior Secondary College
Wodonga Senior Secondary College is a public school in Wodonga, Victoria. It was formed in 2005–2006 when the three public schools in Wodonga – Wodonga High School, Wodonga West Secondary College, and Mitchell Secondary College – merged and pooled resources, as part of a plan to address long-term population growth in the area. The plan saw the restructure of the public schools in Wodonga, with the formation of Wodonga Middle Years College to specialise in the education of students in Years 7, 8 and 9, and Wodonga Senior Secondary College to specialise in the education of Years 10, 11 and 12. The two colleges are loosely associated.

Wodonga Senior Secondary College is based on the grounds and facilities of the former Wodonga High School. The new campus has many facilities, a new technology centre, arts wing and performing arts centre.
Names of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා, romanized: Śrī Lankā; Tamil: சிறி லங்கா / இலங்கை, romanized: Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in the northern Indian Ocean which has been known under various names over time.

At the outset of the 6th century BC, Sri Lanka was known as Silam, from the Pali Sihalam (or Simhalam, Sihalan, Sihala); became Saylan from the 9th century,  which was transcribed as Ceilão by the Portuguese in 1505; and later as Ceylon in English. Ceylon was used until it was replaced by Sri Lanka in 1972; the honorific Sri has been added to Lanka, a place mentioned in ancient texts and assumed to refer to the country between the 10th and the 12th centuries CE.

Other ancient names used to refer to Sri Lanka included Serendip in Arabic, Persian, Turkic (Serendib/Särändib)(written as: سرندیپ) and Eelam in Tamil. In the 19th century, it was said that the oldest recorded name of Sri Lanka was Tamraparni. (= Taprobane).

Taprobana
Taprobana (Latin: Taprobana; Ancient Greek: Ταπροβανᾶ), Trapobana, and Taprobane (Ταπροβανῆ, Ταπροβάνη) was the name by which the Indian Ocean island of Sri Lanka was known to the ancient Greeks.

Tabrobane is suggested to be derived from Sanskrit "Tamraparni". This name could be a reference to the "copper colored" shores of Sri Lanka, and may have entered Greek via the Pali "Tambapanni".
Princess Sara bint Asem
Princess Sara bint Asem (born 12 August 1978 in Amman) is a member of the Jordanian Royal Family as the daughter of Prince Asem bin Nayef and Firouzeh Vokhshouri. Her parents divorced in 1985 and in 1986 her father remarried Princess Sana Asem. Princess Sara was raised in Madrid, where she lives with her family.

Prince Asem bin Nayef
Prince Asem bin Nayef (Arabic: الأمير عاصم بن نايف; born 27 April 1948) is the son of Prince Nayef bin Abdullah (a younger son of Abdullah I of Jordan) and Princess Mihrimah Sultan (granddaughter of Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire). It is believed he is the 42nd generation direct descendant of Muhammad.
Museum of Ancient Iran
The Museum of Ancient Iran is located at the western part of Mashhq Square in Tehran, Iran. It was designed by André Godard by the order of Ali-Asghar Hekmat, then Minister of Education of Pahlavi Iran. Two Iranian master builders, Ostad Morad Tabrizi and Abbas Ali Memar, constructed the building. Construction of the museum was started in 1934 and was completed in 1937. It was subsequently opened for the public.

The land allocated to this museum is 5,500 square meters, of which 2,744 square meters is used for the foundation of the museum. The Museum, along with the adjacent Museum of the Islamic Era, make up the National Museum of Iran.

National Museum of Iran
The National Museum of Iran (Persian: موزهٔ ملی ایران, romanized: Mūze-ye Melli-ye Irān) in Tehran houses the richest and largest collection of Iranian antiquities in the world. It is the world's most important institution for Iranian history and one of the most comprehensive museums globally, home to over 3 million artifacts. The institution is formed of two museums; the Museum of Ancient Iran and the Museum of the Islamic Era. The institution is also considered a major global research hub for archeology, and it includes multiple research departments, categorized by different historical periods. The museum is one of the oldest archaeological museums in West Asia, and one of the region’s earliest institutions dedicated to historical preservation.
Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Systems Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Offaly SBHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 2018 for the second tier senior hurling teams in the county of Offaly in Ireland.

In its current format, the Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship begins with a group stage. The six participating teams play each other in a round-robin system. The four top-ranking teams proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match at Glenisk O'Connor Park. The winner of the Offaly Senior B Championship qualifies for the subsequent Leinster Intermediate Club Championship.

Lusmagh are the title holders after defeating Carrig & Riverstown by 1–19 to 0–19 in the 2025 final.

2025 Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship
The 2025 Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship was the eighth staging of the Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 2018. The draw for the group stage placings was made on 13 February 2025. The championship ran from 12 July to 5 October 2025.

Kilcormac–Killoughey entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Lusmagh in the semi-finals.

The final was played on 5 October 2025 at Grant Heating St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Lusmagh and Carrig & Riverstown, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Lusmagh won the match by 1–19 to 0–19 to claim their first ever championship title.
Lunar Terrain Vehicle
The Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) is an unpressurized rover being developed for NASA that astronauts can drive on the Moon while wearing their spacesuits. The development of the LTV is a part of NASA's Artemis program, which involves returning astronauts to the Moon, specifically the lunar south pole, by 2026, but the LTV will not fly until Artemis V in 2030 at the earliest. The LTV will be the first crewed lunar rover developed by NASA since the Lunar Roving Vehicle used during the Apollo program.

Artemis V
Artemis V is the fifth planned mission of NASA's Artemis program and possibly the first crewed flight of the Blue Moon lander. The mission will launch four astronauts on a Space Launch System rocket, it’s fifth planned use, and was originally planned to send an Orion to the Lunar Gateway and be the third lunar landing of the Artemis program. In addition, Artemis V was to deliver two new elements to the Gateway Space Station. It may now be the second lunar landing of the Artemis program in late 2028.