hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perth Royal Infirmary
Perth Royal Infirmary is a district hospital in Perth. The Royal Infirmary serves a population of around 182,000 across the City of Perth and the wider Perth and Kinross area. It is managed by NHS Tayside.

NHS Tayside
NHS Tayside is an NHS board which forms one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland. It provides healthcare services in Angus, the Dundee City council area and Perth and Kinross. NHS Tayside is headquartered at Ninewells Hospital in Dundee; one of the largest hospitals in the world.

It has three Health and Social Care Partnerships (HSCPs): Angus, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross.
Piaggio P.180 Avanti
The Piaggio P.180 Avanti is an executive/VIP light transport aircraft, designed by Piaggio Aero and built in Italy. It features twin, wing-mounted turboprop engines, in a pusher configuration. The Avanti seats up to nine people in a pressurized cabin and may be flown by one or two pilots. The design is of three-surface configuration, having both a small forward canard wing and a conventional tailplane, as well as its main wing, with the main wing spars passing behind the passenger cabin area. The FAI lists it as the fastest propeller-driven aircraft with speed of 927.4 km/h (576.3 mph; 500.8 kn).

Three-surface aircraft
A three-surface aircraft or sometimes three-lifting-surface aircraft has a foreplane, a central wing and a tailplane. The central wing surface always provides lift and is usually the largest, while the functions of the fore and aft planes may vary between types and may include lift, control and/or stability.

In civil aircraft the three surface configuration may be used to give safe stalling characteristics and short takeoff and landing (STOL) performance. It is also claimed to allow minimizing the total wing surface area, reducing the accompanying skin drag. In combat aircraft this configuration may also be used to enhance maneuverability both before and beyond the stall, often in conjunction with vectored thrust.
Carloman of Bavaria
Carloman (German: Karlmann, Latin: Carlomannus; c. 830 – 22 March 880) was a Frankish king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was the eldest son of Louis the German, king of East Francia, and Hemma, daughter of a Bavarian count. His father appointed him governor of Carantania in 856, and commander of southeastern frontier marches in 864. Upon his father's death in 876 he became king of Bavaria. He was appointed by King Louis II of Italy as his successor, but the Kingdom of Italy was taken by his uncle Charles the Bald in 875. Carloman only conquered it in 877. In 879 he was incapacitated, perhaps by a stroke, and abdicated his domains in favour of his younger brothers: Bavaria to Louis the Younger and Italy to Charles the Fat.

Louis the Younger
Louis the Younger (830/835 – 20 January 882), sometimes called Louis the Saxon or Louis III, was the second of three sons of king Louis the German and queen Hemma, with his brothers being the elder Carloman and younger Charles. They all succeeded their father as kings in Eastern Francia on 28 August 876, in accordance with the prearranged partition,  with Carloman ruling over Bavaria and the Pannonian March, Louis over Franconia, Saxony and Thuringia, and Charles over Alamannia. Louis and Charles also jointly ruled over eastern parts of Lotharingia. In 879-880, Louis acquired the western part of Lotharingia. In 880, Carloman died and his realm was inherited by Louis. By 881, the youngest brother Charles secured rule over Italy, and was crowned as emperor. Louis died in 882, without legitimate descendants, and was succeeded in all his territories, which encompassed most of East Francia, by his brother Charles.
Blackrock, Dublin
Blackrock (Irish: An Charraig Dhubh) is an affluent suburb of Dublin, Ireland, 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Dún Laoghaire. It is named after the local geological rock formation to be found in the area of Blackrock Park. In the late 18th century, the Blackrock Road was a common place for highway robberies. The Blackrock baths, provided for by the railway company in 1839, became popular in the 19th century but Blackrock is now a tourist destination.

Dún Laoghaire
Dún Laoghaire (/dʌn ˈlɪəri/ dun LEER-ee, Irish: [ˌd̪ˠuːn̪ˠ ˈl̪ˠeːɾʲə, - ˈl̪ˠiːɾʲə]) is a suburban coastal town in County Dublin in Ireland. It is the administrative centre of the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. The town was built up alongside a small existing settlement following 1816 legislation that allowed the building of a major port to serve Dublin. It was known as Dunleary in the English language, until it was renamed Kingstown in honour of King George IV's 1821 visit, and in 1920 was given its present name, which is the original Irish form from which "Dunleary" was anglicised. Over time, the town became a residential location, a seaside resort, the terminus of Ireland's first railway and the administrative centre of the former borough of Dún Laoghaire, and from 1994, of the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown.
Walrus and Kritskoi Islands
The Walrus and Kritskoi Islands are a group of small islands in the Bering Sea, close to the coast of Alaska. The group is part of a cluster of other small coastal islands called the Kudobin Islands.

The Walrus and Kritskoi Islands are located close to Nelson Lagoon, 9 miles (14 km) to the West of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula (southern) side of Bristol Bay, Low.

Kudobin Islands
The Kudobin Islands are a group of small islands in the Bering Sea, near the coast of Alaska, 13 miles (21 km) west of Port Moller, Bristol Bay Low. The group includes a cluster of other small coastal islands,  the Walrus and Kritskoi Islands, forming a geographical whole.

The Kudobin Islands are close to Nelson Lagoon. The largest island is about 13.5 km (8.4 mi) long and 1.6 km (1 mile) wide. The islands are flat, the highest point on theme being 4 m (13 ft).
Index Medicus
Index Medicus (IM) was a comprehensive bibliographic index of life science, biomedical science, and medical research articles, published from 1879 to 2004. Medical history experts have said of Index Medicus that it is “America's greatest contribution to medical knowledge.” It was published as a print index until 2004; beginning in the 1960s, it was also published as an electronic database, MEDLARS. Index Medicus content from 1940s to 2004 was incorporated into MEDLINE and PubMed; older medical literature, however, is not electronically available. Today, the title Index Medicus is also used to refer to a curated subset of Pubmed.

MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution.

Compiled by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE is freely available on the Internet and searchable via PubMed and NLM's National Center for Biotechnology Information's Entrez system.
Triceps surae muscle
The triceps surae consists of two muscles located at the calf – the two-headed gastrocnemius and the soleus.  These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the posterior leg, commonly known as the calf muscle.

Soleus muscle
In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle, and some anatomists consider this combination to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Its name is derived from the Latin word "solea", meaning "sandal".
Ribose 5-phosphate
Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) is both a product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The last step of the oxidative reactions in the pentose phosphate pathway is the production of ribulose 5-phosphate. Depending on the body's state, ribulose 5-phosphate can reversibly isomerize to ribose 5-phosphate. Ribulose 5-phosphate can alternatively undergo a series of isomerizations as well as transaldolations and transketolations that result in the production of other pentose phosphates as well as fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (both intermediates in glycolysis).

The enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase converts ribose-5-phosphate into phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate.

Ribulose 5-phosphate
Ribulose 5-phosphate is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway. It is also an intermediate in the Calvin cycle.

It is formed by phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribulose 5-phosphate is involved in various metabolic pathways. Ribulose 5-phosphate can be acted upon by phosphopentose isomerase to form ribose 5-phosphate, which is a precursor for nucleotide and co-factor biosynthesis. Ribulose-5 phosphate can also be acted upon by phosphopentose epimerase to form xylulose 5-phosphate, which is used in the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway in humans to generate precursor molecules for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and production of energy.

In plants, ribulose 5-phosphate produced from the pentose-phosphate pathway is converted into ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphoribokinase.
Perpetual copyright
Perpetual copyright, also known as indefinite copyright, is copyright that lasts indefinitely. Perpetual copyright arises either when a copyright has no finite term from outset, or when a copyright's original finite term is perpetually extended. The first of these two scenarios is highly uncommon, as the current laws of all countries with copyright statutes set a standard limit on the duration, based either on the date of creation/publication, or on the date of the creator's death. Exceptions have sometimes been made, however, for unpublished works. Usually, special legislation is required, granting a perpetual copyright to a specific work.

In many countries, moral rights, which may be covered under the copyright law, can last perpetually.

Copyright term
The copyright term is the length of time copyright subsists in a work before it passes into the public domain. In most of the world, this length of time is the life of the author plus either 50 or 70 years.
University of Roehampton
The University of Roehampton is a public research university in Roehampton, London. Founded as the Roehampton Institute of Higher Education, the university was established by four institutions, founded in the 19th century, which today make up the university's constituent colleges: Digby Stuart College, Froebel College, Southlands College and Whitelands College.

Between 2000 and 2004, Roehampton, together with the University of Surrey, partnered as the Federal University of Surrey. In 2004, Roehampton became an independent university, and in 2011, it was renamed the University of Roehampton. The university is one of the post-1992 universities and is a member of the European University Association and Universities UK.

The university achieved a silver rating in the 2023 Teaching Excellence Framework and it also received positive results in recent student satisfaction surveys and national research assessments.

Southlands College, Roehampton
Southlands College, in Roehampton in the London Borough of Wandsworth, is one of four colleges at the University of Roehampton and is the location of the University's Business School and its Department of Media, Culture and Language.

It was established by the Methodist Church in 1872, originally  in Battersea, as a teacher training college for women and became coeducational in 1965. An early student was Caroline Rigg who became a leading headteacher.

In 1975, the college became part of the Roehampton Institute of Higher Education, which became Roehampton University in 2004.

The college includes Mount Clare House,  a grade I listed building  designed by Sir Robert Taylor, and a Methodist chapel.
WCCT-TV
WCCT-TV (channel 20) is a television station licensed to Waterbury, Connecticut, United States, serving the Hartford–New Haven market as an affiliate of The CW. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside Hartford-licensed Fox affiliate WTIC-TV (channel 61). The two stations share studios on Broad Street in downtown Hartford; WCCT-TV's transmitter is located on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington, Connecticut.

This station was established in 1953 as WATR-TV, an NBC affiliate originally serving Waterbury, New Haven, and southern Connecticut. Following a transmitter upgrade by Hartford NBC affiliate WVIT in 1982, WATR relaunched as WTXX, a regional independent and the first station owned by Renaissance Broadcasting. WTXX became Connecticut's UPN affiliate in 1995 and switched to The WB in 2001, and became a charter CW affiliate in 2006. Adopting the current WCCT-TV call sign in 2010, it has been managed by WTIC-TV since 1998 and owned by Tegna since 2019.

WVIT
WVIT (channel 30) is a television station licensed to New Britain, Connecticut, United States, serving the Hartford–New Haven market. It is owned and operated by the NBC television network through its NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Class A Telemundo outlet WRDM-CD (channel 19). The two stations share studios on New Britain Avenue in West Hartford and transmitter facilities on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington, Connecticut.
Sevom Khordad
The Sevom Khordad or 3rd Khordad is an Iranian road-mobile medium range air defense missile system that was first unveiled on 11 May 2014. It is believed to be an upgraded version of the Ra'ad air defense system and somewhat superior to the other version of the Ra'ad, the Tabas (air defense system), although it is more similar to the Ra'ad than the Tabas is. Its operational capabilities were confirmed when it shot down an American Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk near the Strait of Hormuz. It is named after the Liberation of Khorramshahr which occurred on 3rd Khordad on the Persian Calendar.

Raad (air defense system)
Raad or Ra'd (Persian: رعد 'thunder') is an Iranian modern aerial defence system deployed in September 2012.The system is designed to enhance Iran's capabilities in terms of defense, and as a partner to Bavar 373 air defense system. According to Fars news agency, the Raad is designed to confront fighter jets, cruise missiles, smart bombs, helicopters and drones. The system is also designed specially for US fighters. The system is equipped with "Taer" (Bird) missiles, which can trace and hit targets in ranges up to 105 km and at altitudes from 25 to 27 km (80,000 feet), Ra'd is a mid-range radar system and air defense system.
Karna I
Karna I (r. c. 1064–1092 CE) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Gujarat. He was a member of the Chaulukya dynasty and ruled from his capital Anahilapataka (modern Patan).

Karna succeeded his father Bhima I, who had invaded the Paramara kingdom of Malwa at the time of Bhoja's death. Karna was forced to retreat from Malwa by Bhoja's brother Udayaditya. He annexed Lata to the Chaulukya territory by defeating a Kalachuri general, but lost it within a few years. He also suffered a defeat against the Chahamanas of Naddula, who raided the Chaulukya capital during his reign.

Karna is credited with defeating a Bhil chief of Ashapalli, and laying the foundation of the Karnavati city, identified with the modern Ahmedabad in western India. Karna married Mayanalladevi,  who was the mother of his son and successor Jayasimha Siddharaja.

Bhima I
Bhima I (r. 1022–1064) was a Chaulukya king who ruled parts of present-day Gujarat, India. The early years of his reign saw an invasion from the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud, who sacked the Somnath temple. Bhima left his capital and took shelter in Kanthkot during this invasion, but after Mahmud's departure, he recovered his power and retained his ancestral territories. He crushed a rebellion by his vassals at Arbuda, and unsuccessfully tried to invade the Naddula Chahamana kingdom. Towards the end of his reign, he formed an alliance with the Kalachuri king Lakshmi-Karna, and played an important role in the downfall of the Paramara king Bhoja.

The earliest of the Dilwara Temples and the Modhera Sun Temple were built during Bhima's reign. The construction of Rani ki vav is attributed to his queen Udayamati.
Ian Gorst
Ian Joseph Gorst (born 15 December 1969) is a Jersey politician who has been a Deputy for  St Mary,  St Ouen and  St Peter and Minister for Treasury and Resources since 2022.

Gorst was first elected to the States Assembly in the 2005 general election as a Deputy for St Clement. In November 2011, after his successful election as a Senator, Gorst was appointed Chief Minister by the Assembly. He served two terms as Chief Minister until he was beaten in a vote against John Le Fondré after the 2018 general election. From 2018 to 2022 he served as Minister for External Relations.

Born in Lancaster, England, Gorst worked as an accountant before going into politics after moving to Jersey.

Chief Minister of Jersey
The Chief Minister of Jersey (French: Premier/ère Ministre de Jersey; Jèrriais: Chef Minnistre dé Jèrri) is the head of government of Jersey, leading the Council of Ministers, which makes up part of the Government of Jersey. The head of government is not directly elected by the people but rather by the legislature, the States Assembly.

The post was created by reforms to the machinery of government to change from a consensus style of government by committee of the whole States of Jersey to a system of cabinet government under a Chief Minister.
Lazy Lester
Leslie Johnson (June 20, 1933 – August 22, 2018), known as Lazy Lester, was an American blues musician who sang and played the harmonica and guitar. In a career spanning the 1950s to 2018, he pioneered swamp blues, and also played harmonica blues, rhythm and blues and Louisiana blues.

Best known for regional hits recorded with Ernie Young's Nashville-based Excello Records, Lester also contributed to songs recorded by other Excello artists, including Slim Harpo, Lightnin' Slim, and Katie Webster. Cover versions of his songs have been recorded by (among others) the Kinks, the Flamin' Groovies, Freddy Fender, Dwight Yoakam, Dave Edmunds, Raful Neal, Anson Funderburgh, and the Fabulous Thunderbirds. In the comeback stage of his career (since the late 1980s), he recorded new albums backed by Mike Buck, Sue Foley, Gene Taylor, Kenny Neal, Lucky Peterson, and Jimmie Vaughan.

Kenny Neal
Kenny Neal (born October 14, 1957), is an American blues guitar player, singer, and band member.

Neal was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Raful Neal, and he comes from a musical family. He has often performed with his brothers in his band.
Vermont Route 102
Vermont Route 102 (VT 102) is a north–south state highway in Essex County, Vermont, in the United States. It follows the west bank of the Connecticut River and parallels U.S. Route 3 (US 3), which is routed along the river's east bank in New Hampshire. The southern terminus of the route is at US 2 in Guildhall. Its northern terminus is at VT 114 and VT 253 in Canaan. VT 102 is 43.755 miles (70.417 km) long and connects to six highways that traverse the Connecticut River.

Vermont Route 114
Vermont Route 114 (VT 114) is a 53.094-mile-long (85.447 km) north–south state highway in northeastern Vermont in the United States. It runs northward from U.S. Route 5 (US 5) in Lyndon until nearing the Canada–United States border in the town of Norton; thereafter, the road continues east to the New Hampshire state line in Canaan. The vast majority of VT 114 is situated within Essex County; however, the route also passes through small, isolated portions of Caledonia and Orleans Counties.

Moose are most often encountered on four roads in Vermont, of which this is one. They are seen from East Burke to Canaan.
L'Astrolabe (2016 icebreaker)
L'Astrolabe is a French icebreaker that is used to bring personnel and supplies to the Dumont d'Urville Station in Antarctica. The vessel, built by Chantiers Piriou and delivered in September 2017, replaced the 1986-built vessel of the same name.

Ywam Liberty
YWAM Liberty is the former L'Astrolabe, a French icebreaking research vessel which was used to supply the Dumont d'Urville research station in Antarctica.

The vessel made regular voyages between Hobart and the Dumont D'Urville research station for fifteen years and was replaced by a new icebreaker bearing the same name in 2017.
Nærum
Nærum (Danish pronunciation: [ˈneːʁɔm]) is a suburban district in Rudersdal Municipality in the northern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark. Quartered by the Helsingør Motorway running north–south and Skodsborgvej running east–west, Nærum is bounded by Jægersborg Hegn on the south and east, Geel's Forest on the west, open fields on the north and the Søllerød district on the northwest. 5,230 people live in the parish of Nærum, most of them in low-rise concrete blocks or single-family houses.

Søllerød
Søllerød is a suburban district of Rudersdal Municipality in the northern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark. The original village, one of the oldest in the area, is perched on Søllerød Hill on the south side of Søllerød Lake. It merged with the neighbouring village of Øverød to the north and the modern district of Holte to the southwest in the middle of the 20th century and now forms part of the Greater Copenhagen area.

Most of the local landmarks are concentrated in a well-preserved village environment centred on the old village pond and on Søllerødvej (Søllerød Road). They include the medieval Søllerød Church, with a scenic cemetery, the famous Søllerød Inn, now a one-star Michelin restaurant, the old country house Mothsgården, now a local history museum, and a number of other 18th and 19th-century landmarks.
Isaías Medina Angarita
Isaías Medina Angarita (6 July 1897 – 15 September 1953) was a Venezuelan military man and politician who served as President of Venezuela from 1941 until 1945, during World War II. He followed the path of his predecessor Eleazar López Contreras, and contributed to gradual democratization and liberalization in Venezuela. He was overthrown in the 1945 Venezuelan coup d'état.

Eleazar López Contreras
José Eleazar López Contreras (5 May 1883 – 2 January 1973) was the president of Venezuela between 1935 and 1941. He was an army general and one of Juan Vicente Gómez's collaborators, serving as his War Minister from 1931.

In 1939, Contreras accepted on behalf of Venezuela the ships Koenigstein and Caribia which had fled with Jews from Germany.
Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome
Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome, formerly Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome and sometimes angioosteohypertrophy syndrome and hemangiectatic hypertrophy, is a rare congenital medical condition in which blood vessels and/or lymph vessels fail to form properly. The three main features are nevus flammeus (port-wine stain), venous and lymphatic malformations, and soft-tissue hypertrophy of the affected limb. It is similar to, though distinct from, the less common Parkes Weber syndrome.

The classical triad of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome consists of:

vascular malformations of the capillary, venous and lymphatic vessels;

varicosities of unusual distribution, particularly the lateral venous anomaly; and

unilateral soft and skeletal tissue hypertrophy, usually the lower extremity.

It belongs to the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum of diseases which are caused by mutations in the PIK3CA gene.

Arteriovenous malformation
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. Usually congenital, this vascular anomaly is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system (usually as a cerebral AVM), but can appear anywhere in the body. The symptoms of AVMs can range from none at all to intense pain or bleeding, and they can lead to other serious medical problems.