hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anthony's Nose (Westchester County, New York)
Anthony's Nose is a 900+ ft (270 m) peak in the Hudson Highlands along the east bank of the  Hudson River in the hamlet of Cortlandt Manor, New York.  It lies at the extreme northwest end of Westchester County, and serves as the east anchor of the Bear Mountain Bridge.

Hudson Highlands
The Hudson Highlands are mountains on both sides of the Hudson River in New York state lying primarily in Putnam County on its east bank and Orange County on its west.  They continue somewhat to the south in Westchester County and Rockland County, respectively. The highlands are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains.

North to south they fall between Newburgh Bay and Haverstraw Bay, the latter forming the northern region of the New York - New Jersey Highlands.

The Hudson River enters this region in the south at Dunderberg Mountain near Stony Point, and from the north in the vicinity of Breakneck Ridge and Storm King Mountain near Cornwall, New York. These highlands have played a significant role in America's environmental, cultural, and military history.
7th Engineer Battalion (United States)
The 7th Engineer Battalion is a combat engineer battalion unit of the United States Army located at Fort Drum, New York. This battalion falls under the 10th Mountain Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team. The battalion has the Brigade Combat Team's engineer companies, military intelligence company, and signal company.

1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)
The 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division is an active Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the United States Army based at Fort Drum in New York. The brigade headquarters carries the lineage of the 10th Mountain Division's original headquarters company, and served as such in World War II, and in peacetime at Fort Riley, Fort Benning, and West Germany in the 1940s and 1950s.

The brigade was activated in April 1986, at Fort Drum, New York, when the 10th Mountain Division was reactivated as one of the Army's new Light Infantry Divisions. 1st Brigade and its subordinates saw numerous deployments to contingencies around the world in the 1990s. With the global war on terrorism the brigade has seen multiple deployments to Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom and to Iraq to support Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Keith Rabois
Keith Rabois (born March 17, 1969) is an American technology executive and investor. He is a managing director at Khosla Ventures. He was an early-stage startup investor, and executive, at PayPal, LinkedIn, Slide, and Square. Rabois invested in Yelp and the Xoom Corporation prior to each company's initial public offering (IPO). For both investments he insisted on being a board of directors member.

Rabois is considered a member of the PayPal Mafia. Rabois has been involved in investments in YouTube, Palantir Technologies, Lyft, Airbnb, Eventbrite, wish.com, Relcy and theorg.com.

PayPal Mafia
The PayPal Mafia is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed other technology companies based in Silicon Valley, such as LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer. Most of the members attended Stanford University or the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
David Wise (journalist)
David Wise  (May 10, 1930 – October 8, 2018) was an American journalist and author who worked for the New York Herald-Tribune in the 1950s and 1960s, and published a series of non-fiction books on espionage and US politics as well as several spy novels. His book The Politics of Lying: Government Deception, Secrecy, and Power (1973) won the George Polk Award (Book category, 1973), and the George Orwell Award (1975).

Orwell Award
The NCTE George Orwell Award for Distinguished Contribution to Honesty and Clarity in Public Language (the Orwell Award for short) is an award given since 1975 by the Public Language Award Committee of the National Council of Teachers of English. It is awarded annually to "writers who have made outstanding contributions to the critical analysis of public discourse."

Noam Chomsky, Donald Barlett, and James B. Steele are the only recipients to have won twice.

Its negative counterpart, awarded by the same body, is the Doublespeak Award, "an ironic tribute to public speakers who have perpetuated language that is grossly deceptive, evasive, euphemistic, confusing, or self-centered."
Denmark–Poland relations
Denmark and Poland are separated by the Baltic Sea, and have had a very long historical contact. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, and the Council of the Baltic Sea States.

Relations date back to the Early Middle Ages. Throughout history, the two nations were more often allies than adversaries, with only a handful of clashes in the 11th, 15th and 16th centuries. Modern diplomatic relations were established on 8 September 1919. During the 20th century, relations were turbulent but amicable. The two countries moreover maintained a maritime border dispute until 2018 when it was delineated. Denmark and Poland are now strategic partners due to the Baltic Pipe and close military cooperation within the Multinational Corps Northeast of NATO.

Baltic Pipe
The Baltic Pipe is a natural gas pipeline between Europipe II (which traverses the North Sea between Norway and Germany) and Poland. It is a strategic infrastructure project to create a new European gas supply corridor.

The Baltic Pipe transports natural gas from the North Sea to Poland via Denmark at up to 10 billion cubic metres (350 billion cubic feet) per year. The project was developed by the Danish gas and electricity transmission system operator Energinet and the Polish gas transmission system operator Gaz-System. The project is recognised as a Project of Common Interest of the European Union.

The Baltic Pipe officially became operational on 27 September 2022, one day after a series of as of yet unexplained explosions on 26 September 2022 rendered both pipelines of Nord Stream 1 and one of the two pipelines of Nord Stream 2 from Russia to Germany inoperable.
South Melbourne vs Geelong (1886 VFA season)
On 4 September 1886, an Australian rules football match was played between the South Melbourne Football Club and the Geelong Football Club at the South Melbourne Cricket Ground. The match was part of the 1886 season of the Victorian Football Association. It was considered the sport's most important match of the 19th century, and is sometimes referred to in modern times as the Match of the Century.

Played late in the 1886 season, South Melbourne and Geelong both entered the match undefeated, meaning that it was nearly certain to decide the premiership. The match drew unprecedented public interest, and a then-record crowd of around 30,000 attended. Although scores remained close until the final quarter, the match was an ultimately a one-sided encounter, and Geelong 4.19 comfortably defeated South Melbourne 1.5 by a margin of three goals.

1886 VFA season
The 1886 VFA season was the tenth season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria.

Geelong won the premiership for the seventh time. It was the club's last VFA premiership won by its senior team.
Waverly, Alamosa County, Colorado
Waverly is a small, unincorporated populated place in western Alamosa County, south-central Colorado, United States. Situated on the floor of the San Luis Valley at an elevation of 7,589 feet (2,313 m), it lies roughly 11 mi (18 km) west-south-west of the city of Alamosa along U.S. Highway 160 and the Rio Grande Southern Railroad.

Alamosa County, Colorado
Alamosa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,376. The county seat is Alamosa. The county name is the Spanish language word for a grove of cottonwood trees.
Hattiesburg metropolitan area
The Hattiesburg Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in southeastern Mississippi that covers three counties - Forrest, Lamar, and Perry. The MSA's principal city is Hattiesburg. The 2010 census placed the Hattiesburg MSA's population at 162,410, though estimates as of 2019 indicate the population has increased to 168,849. The area is part of the geographical region known as the Pine Belt, famous for its abundance of longleaf pine trees. The Hattiesburg MSA is part of the larger Hattiesburg-Laurel Combined Statistical Area.

Lamar County, Mississippi
Lamar County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,222. Its county seat is Purvis. Named for Confederate Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, the county was carved out of Marion County to the west in 1904.

Lamar County is part of the Hattiesburg metropolitan area. It is largely a rural county, except for its northeast quarter.
Kosinj
44°44′11″N 15°16′36″E﻿ / ﻿44.73639°N 15.27667°E﻿ / 44.73639; 15.27667

Kosinj, also known as Kosinj Valley, is a hilly region in Perušić municipality, Lika-Senj County,  Croatia. It contains three villages: Gornji Kosinj and Donji Kosinj, which are connected by the Kosinj Bridge on the Lika river, and Bakovac Kosinjski. The population of the villages is 752 according to the 2011 census.

Perušić
Perušić is a settlement and a municipality in Lika-Senj County, Croatia. In 2011, the municipality had 2,638 inhabitants, while the central settlement had 852. The municipality is within the mountainous Lika region of central Croatia. The Kosinj valley region sprawls alongside it.

Perušić is one of the lowest inhabited municipalities in Croatia, with a shrinking population. Farming and agricultural industries are the main occupations. The small settlements of the municipality are built on hillsides due to frequent flooding.
Jelena Pavičić Vukičević
Jelena Pavičić Vukičević (born 2 September 1975) is a Croatian politician who served as president of the Bandić Milan 365 - Labour and Solidarity Party. She assumed the position following the death of the previous party president, Milan Bandić, on 28 February 2021. Pavičić Vukičević also assumed Bandić's role of the mayor of Zagreb, which she served until the 4 June 2021, following her loss at the 2021 Zagreb mayoral elections.

Bandić Milan 365 – Labour and Solidarity Party
Bandić Milan 365 – Labour and Solidarity Party (Croatian: Bandić Milan 365 – Stranka rada i solidarnosti or BM 365) is a political party in Croatia founded in 2015 by then Mayor of Zagreb Milan Bandić.
Time to Succeed Coalition
The Time to Succeed Coalition (TSC) was an American non-profit organization working to promote expanded learning time to encourage student achievement and success. It was a partnership between the National Center on Time & Learning and the Ford Foundation between its foundation in 2012 until September 2018, when TSC announced via Facebook that it was merging into Harvard University's Education Redesign Lab.

National Center on Time & Learning
The National Center on Time & Learning (NCTL) is a Boston-based non-profit dedicated to  expanded learning time to improve student achievement and enable a well-rounded education. Through research and public policy, and technical assistance, NCTL supports national, state, and local initiatives that add significantly more school time for academic and enrichment opportunities to help all children meet the demands of the 21st century.
Wilhelmine Kekelaokalaninui Widemann Dowsett
Wilhelmine Kekelaokalaninui Widemann Dowsett (March 28, 1861 – December 10, 1929) was a Native Hawaiian suffragist who helped organize the National Women's Equal Suffrage Association of Hawaii, the first women's suffrage club in the Territory of Hawaii in 1912. She actively campaigned for the rights of the women of Hawaii to vote prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920.

Emma Ahuena Taylor
Emma Ahuena Davison Taylor (November 13, 1867 – November 8, 1937) was a part-Native Hawaiian high chiefess during the 20th century. She was a cultural historian, a genealogist, and a repository of Hawaiian culture and history who wrote many articles and recollections about the past and influenced her husband, Albert Pierce Taylor, the author of the historical book Under Hawaiian Skies. She was involved in local philanthropic, historical, and civic groups and participated in the women's suffrage movement in the Territory of Hawaii, campaigning for the rights of local women to vote prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
Everyone Knows Your Mother Is a Witch
Everyone Knows Your Mother Is a Witch is a historical fiction novel written by Rivka Galchen and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux on June 8, 2021. The book is a fictionalized version of true events. Part of the historical background of this story is that "between 1625 and 1631, under the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, the Holy Roman Empire saw one of the biggest mass trials in European history, with an estimated 900 people executed in the Würzburg witch trials."

Rivka Galchen
Rivka Galchen (born April 19, 1976) is a Canadian American writer. Her first novel, Atmospheric Disturbances, was published in 2008 and was awarded the William Saroyan International Prize for Writing. She is the author of five books and a staff writer at The New Yorker.
Bihar Gramin Bank
Bihar Gramin Bank (BGB) is an Indian Regional rural bank (RRB) in the state of Bihar, India established on 1 May 2025 by the amalgamation of two RRBs namely Dakshin Bihar Gramin Bank and Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank. under The "One State, One RRB" policy of government of India. The bank operates in all 38 districts of Bihar state and has 2885 branches as on 1 May 2025. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India

It functions under Regional Rural Banks' Act 1976 and is sponsored by Punjab National Bank.

Punjab National Bank
Punjab National Bank, also known as PNB, is an Indian public sector bank based in New Delhi. Founded in May 1894, the bank has 10,189 branches and 11,822 ATMs as of March 2025.

PNB has a banking subsidiary in the UK (PNB International Bank, with seven branches in the UK), as well as branches in Hong Kong, Kowloon, Dubai, and Kabul. It has representative offices in Almaty (Kazakhstan), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Shanghai (China), Oslo (Norway), and Sydney (Australia). In Bhutan, it owns 51% of Druk PNB Bank, which has five branches. In Nepal, PNB owns 20% of Everest Bank, which has 122 branches. PNB also owns 41.64% of JSC (SB) PNB Bank in Kazakhstan, which has four branches.
Sacred Heart "The Video"
Sacred Heart "The Video" is the third video album by the American heavy metal band Dio, containing footage of a live concert performance recorded at The Spectrum arena in Philadelphia on June 17, 1986. The concert was filmed during the tour supporting the album Sacred Heart, and the live performance involved complex mechanical devices and laser effects, which cost an estimated US$250,000 to build and transport.

The video was only released on VHS, Beta and VHD (Japan only). When it was re-released in DVD format in 2004, it was retitled Sacred Heart "The DVD". The DVD also added an interview with singer Ronnie James Dio and guitarist Craig Goldy. A complete, remastered performance of the show was released as a Blu-ray/DVD/CD/Vinyl by Eagle Vision in 2013, titled Finding the Sacred Heart -Live In Philly, along with extra videos and interviews.

Sacred Heart (Dio album)
Sacred Heart is the third studio album by American 
heavy metal band Dio and the last to feature guitarist Vivian Campbell. It was released on August 12, 1985, on Warner Bros. Records in North America, and Vertigo elsewhere. The record peaked at No. 29 on the Billboard 200 chart. It includes the singles "Rock 'n' Roll Children" and "Hungry for Heaven".
Classifying space for U(n)
In mathematics, the classifying space for the unitary group U(n) is a space BU(n) together with a universal bundle EU(n) such that any hermitian bundle on a paracompact space X is the pull-back of EU(n) by a map X → BU(n) unique up to homotopy. A particular application are principal U(1)-bundles.

This space with its universal fibration may be constructed as either

the Grassmannian of n-planes in an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space; or,

the direct limit, with the induced topology, of Grassmannians of n planes.

Both constructions are detailed here.

Grassmannian
In mathematics, a Grassmannian , also known as a Grassmann manifold is a differentiable manifold that parameterizes the set of all -dimensional linear subspaces of an -dimensional vector space  over a field  that has a differentiable structure. For example, the Grassmannian  is the space of lines through the origin in , so it is the same as the projective space  of one dimension lower than .
When  is a real or complex vector space, Grassmannians are compact smooth manifolds, of dimension . In general they have the structure of a nonsingular projective algebraic variety. The Grassmannian is named for the German polymath, linguist and mathematician Hermann Grassmann, who introduced the concept to mathematics.
Aryan Circle
The Aryan Circle is a white supremacist, Neo-Nazi prison gang spread throughout many U.S. correctional facilities.

The Aryan Circle was founded by Mark "Cowboy" Gaspard in 1985 in the Texas Department of Corrections as a splinter group of the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas (ABT). During the 1980s the ABT had shifted focus away from overt crime towards religion. The Aryan Circle split from the Aryan Brotherhood to maintain criminal gang status and white supremacist beliefs, and to oppose African American and Hispanic prison gangs.

The gang began growing during the 1990s, becoming the second-largest prison gang in Texas by 2008, with 730 confirmed members in state prisons. The gang also had an operational presence in neighboring states and isolated members throughout the country. The Anti-Defamation League estimated their 2009 nationwide membership to be approximately 1,400, including 150 confirmed members in federal prisons.

Prison gang
A prison gang is an inmate organization that operates within a prison system. It has a corporate entity and exists into perpetuity. Its membership is restrictive, mutually exclusive, and often requires a lifetime commitment. Prison officials and others in law enforcement use the euphemism "security threat group" (or "STG"). The purpose of this name is to remove any recognition or publicity that the term "gang" would connote when referring to people who have an interest in undermining the system.
Jackson County, Tennessee
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population was 11,617 at the 2020 census. Its county seat is Gainesboro. Jackson is part of the Cookeville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Gainesboro, Tennessee
Gainesboro (/ˈɡeɪnzbʌrə/) is a town in and the county seat of Jackson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 920 at the 2020 census.

Gainesboro is part of the Cookeville, Tennessee Micropolitan Statistical Area.
HNLMS Amsterdam (A836)
HNLMS Amsterdam was the last replenishment oiler serving with the Royal Netherlands Navy. Amsterdam entered service on 2 September 1995 and replaced HNLMS Poolster. On 4 December 2014 it was decommissioned and sold to the Peruvian Navy where it was renamed BAP Tacna.

HNLMS Poolster (A835)
HNLMS Poolster (Dutch: Hr.Ms. Poolster) was a replenishment ship serving with the Royal Netherlands Navy. Poolster entered service on 29 June 1964. In 1994 she was decommissioned and sold to the Pakistan Navy where the ship was renamed Moawin. A later replenishment ship Zuiderkruis was based on Poolster. In the Dutch navy she was replaced by the replenishment ship Amsterdam. She was the first ship in the Dutch navy with inbuilt protection against radioactive fallout.
Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory
The Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) is a radio astronomy observatory, located in a natural bowl of hills at Hartebeesthoek just south of the Magaliesberg mountain range, and about 50 km west of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. It is a National Research Facility run by South Africa's National Research Foundation. HartRAO was the only major radio astronomy observatory in Africa until the construction of the KAT-7 test bed for the future MeerKAT array in the Meerkat National Park.

KAT-7
KAT-7 is a radio telescope situated in the Meerkat National Park, in the Northern Cape of South Africa. Developed as the precursor engineering test bed to the larger MeerKAT telescope, previously known as Karoo Array Telescope (KAT), it has become a science instrument in its own right. The construction was completed in 2011 and commissioning in 2012. It also served as a technology demonstrator for South Africa's bid to host the Square Kilometre Array. KAT-7 is the first Radio telescope to be built with a composite reflector and uses a stirling pump for 75 K cryogenic cooling. The telescope was built to test various systems for the MeerKAT array, from the ROACH correlators designed and manufactured in Cape Town, now used by various telescopes internationally, to composite construction techniques.
Thomas Davis (Young Irelander)
Thomas Osborne Davis (14 October 1814 – 16 September 1845) was an Irish writer; with Charles Gavan Duffy and John Blake Dillon, a founding editor of The Nation, the weekly organ of what came to be known as the Young Ireland movement. While embracing the common cause of a representative, national government for Ireland, Davis took issue with the nationalist leader Daniel O'Connell by arguing for the common ("mixed") education of Catholics and Protestants and by advocating for Irish as the national language

Young Ireland
Young Ireland (Irish: Éire Óg, IPA: [ˈeːɾʲə ˈoːɡ]) was a political and cultural movement in the 1840s committed to an all-Ireland struggle for independence and democratic reform. Grouped around the Dublin weekly The Nation, it took issue with the compromises and clericalism of the larger national movement, Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association, from which it seceded in 1847. Despairing, in the face of the Great Famine, of any other course, in 1848 Young Irelanders attempted an insurrection. Following the arrest and the exile of most of their leading figures, the movement split between those who carried the commitment to "physical force" forward into the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and those who sought to build a "League of North and South" linking an independent Irish parliamentary party to tenant agitation for land reform.
Telepathy
Telepathy (from Ancient Greek  τῆλε (têle) 'distant' and  πάθος/-πάθεια (páthos/-pátheia) 'feeling, perception, passion, affliction, experience') is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person's mind to another's without using any known human sensory channels or physical interaction. The term was first coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Frederic W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), and has remained more popular than the earlier expression thought-transference.

Telepathy experiments have historically been criticized for a lack of proper controls and repeatability. There is no good evidence that telepathy exists, and the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction.

Society for Psychical Research
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as psychic or paranormal. It describes itself as the "first society to conduct organised scholarly research into human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models." It does not, however, since its inception in 1882, hold any corporate opinions: SPR members assert a variety of beliefs with regard to the nature of the phenomena studied.