hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 California Proposition 1B
Proposition 1B was a defeated California ballot proposition that appeared on the May 19, 2009 special election ballot. The measure was legislatively referred to the ballot by the State Legislature. If passed it would have secured additional funding for primary education. Additionally, Proposition 1B would have only passed if Proposition 1A passed as well.

2009 California Proposition 1A
Proposition 1A was a defeated California ballot proposition that appeared on the May 19, 2009 special election ballot. It was a constitutional amendment that would have increased the annual contributions to the state's rainy day fund. The proposition was legislatively referred to voters by the State Legislature.
Alfonso Gatto
Alfonso Gatto (17 July 1909 – 8 March 1976) was an Italian poet and writer. Along with Giuseppe Ungaretti he is one of the foremost Italian poets of the 20th century and a major exponent of hermetic poetry.

Hermeticism (poetry)
Hermeticism in poetry, or hermetic poetry, is a form of obscure and difficult poetry, as of the Symbolist school, wherein the language and imagery are subjective, and where the suggestive power of the sound of words is as important as their meaning. The name alludes to the mythical Hermes Trismegistus.

Hermeticism was influential in the Renaissance, after the translation into Latin of a compilation of Greek Hermetic treatises called the Corpus Hermeticum by Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499). Within the Novecento Italiano, Hermetic poetry became an Italian literary movement in the 1920s and 1930s, developing in the interwar period. Major features of this movement were reduction to essentials, abolishment of punctuation, and brief, synthetic compositions, at times resulting in short works of only two or three verses.
Gulfstream G200
The Gulfstream G200, formerly known as the IAI Galaxy, is a twin-engine business jet. It was designed originally by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and was produced by IAI for Gulfstream Aerospace from 1999 through 2011.

Israel Aerospace Industries
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI; Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל, romanized: ha-Ta'asiya ha-Avirit le-Yisra'el) is Israel's major aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial and astronautic systems for both military and civilian usage. It has 14,000 employees as of 2021. IAI is state-owned by the government of Israel.

IAI designs, develops, produces and maintains civil aircraft, UAVs, fighter aircraft, missile, avionics, and space-based systems.

IAI's main focus is engineering, aviation and high-tech electronics, though it also manufactures military systems for ground and naval forces. Many of these products are centered on the core needs of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Other offerings are marketed to numerous foreign militaries.
Sikandar Kher
Sikandar Kher (born 31 October 1982) is an Indian actor. He made his acting debut with the film Woodstock Villa (2008). In the subsequent years, Kher went to be a part of multi-starrers such as Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey (2010), Players (2012), Aurangzeb (2013), Tere Bin Laden: Dead or Alive (2016) and The Zoya Factor (2019).

In 2020, he appeared in a pivotal role in the Indian crime drama series, Aarya. Kher has also been a part of Sense8, an American science fiction show in 2017.

Tere Bin Laden: Dead or Alive
Tere Bin Laden: Dead or Alive (transl. Without you Bin Laden: Dead or Alive) is a 2016 Indian satire comedy film written and directed by Abhishek Sharma. A sequel to the 2010 film Tere Bin Laden, it narrates the story of an aspiring filmmaker who bumps into an Osama bin Laden look alike, and also samples materials from the prequel. The film stars Manish Paul, Pradhuman Singh Mall, and Piyush Mishra, and was released worldwide on 26 February 2016.
Christianity in Azerbaijan
Christianity in Azerbaijan is a minority religion. Christians, estimated between 280,000 and 450,000 (3.1%–4.8%), are mostly Russian and Georgian Orthodox. There is also a small Protestant Christian community which mostly came from Muslim backgrounds. Due to the very hostile relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia, Armenian Christians have practically entirely fled the country, and so the Christians in Azerbaijan are members of various other groups, mostly Russians and Georgians, but also some ethnic Azerbaijani Christians.

Diocese of Baku and Azerbaijan
Diocese of Baku and Azerbaijan (Russian: Бакинская и Азербайджанская епархия, Azerbaijani: Bakı və Azərbaycan yeparxiyası) is a diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church in Azerbaijan. Majority of its members are ethnic Russians of Azerbaijan. Entire territory of Azerbaijan is under ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Eparchy of Baku and Azerbaijan, centered in the Holy Myrrhbearers Cathedral in Baku. The Church of Michael Archangel also exist in Baku. Aleksiy Smirnov is the current bishop.
Dual state (model)
The dual state is a model in which the functioning of a state is divided into a normative state, which operates according to set rules and regulations, and a prerogative state, "which exercises unlimited arbitrariness and violence unchecked by any legal guarantees". The term was coined by Ernst Fraenkel to describe the functioning of the Nazi state, and especially law in Nazi Germany, which he described in his 1941 book The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship.

Although it was originally intended as an analysis of authoritarian states, some elements of the prerogative state are present in democracies. The model has also been applied to other states, including Israel, the United States, South Africa, Fascist Italy, 21st-century China, Russia, Lebanon, and post-2015 Turkey.

The Dual State
The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship (German: Der Doppelstaat) is a German-language and English-language non-fiction book by lawyer and political scientist Ernst Fraenkel.

E. A. Shils was the translator of the English version, which was published by Oxford University Press in 1941. Shils worked with Edith Loewenstein and Klaus Knorr. It was re- translated into German in the 1970s, with the first German-language version published in 1974.

According to reviewer Lawrence Preuss, the translation was the first English language that analyzes the Nazi legal system's operations and legal theories.

The book describes how, in the courts of Nazi Germany, people opposed to the government faced a lack of legal protection, while other groups were given legal protections. Fraenkel called the first the "Prerogative State" and the second the "Normative State". He described the entire system as the "Dual State".
Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.

Emirate of Bukhara
The Emirate of Bukhara was an Uzbek absolute monarchy in Central Asia that existed from 1785 to 1920 in what is now parts of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. It occupied the land between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, known formerly as Transoxiana. Its core territory was the fertile land along the lower Zarafshon river, and its urban centres were the ancient cities of Samarqand and the emirate's capital, Bukhara. It was contemporaneous with the Khanate of Khiva to the west, in Khwarazm, and the Khanate of Kokand to the east, in Fergana. In 1920, it ceased to exist with the establishment of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic. The Turco-Mongol tribe of Uzbeks known as "Manghits" were the rulers.
Lamborghini V12
The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini. Lamborghini has had three generations of V12 engines through their history, all of which were developed in-house. The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree (60°) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini, and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm.

It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres (211.4 cu in) fitted on Lamborghini's first car, the Lamborghini 350GT. The engine remained in use for almost fifty years; the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago. Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago, opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Kiplinger Personal Finance
Kiplinger Personal Finance (/ˈkɪplɪŋər/ KIP-ling-ər) is an American personal finance magazine published by Kiplinger since 1947. It claims to be the first American personal finance magazine and to deliver "sound, unbiased advice in clear, concise language". It offers advice on managing money and achieving financial security, saving, investing, planning for retirement, paying for college, and major purchases like automobiles and homes.

Kiplinger
Kiplinger (/ˈkɪplɪŋər/ KIP-ling-ər) is an American publisher of business forecasts and personal finance advice that is a subsidiary of Future plc.

Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc., was a closely held company managed for more than nine decades by three generations of the Kiplinger family, until its sale in February 2019 to Dennis Publishing, a U.K.-based media company.

In 2021, Future plc acquired Dennis Publishing and with it Kiplinger.
Albert Robles
Albert Robles is an American politician who has been California's senior Latino elected official since November 1991 and the former Mayor of Carson, California. When first elected in 1991 he was California's youngest person to hold public office.  A member of the Democratic Party, Robles was elected mayor in 2015 to fill a vacancy and re-elected in 2016. Previously, he was a member of the Carson City Council. Robles is also a seven-term board member for the Water Replenishment District of Southern California, although his dual elected offices are the subject of a legal challenge.

Carson, California
Carson is a city in the South Bay and Harbor regions of Los Angeles County, California, located 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown Los Angeles and approximately 14 miles (23 km) away from Los Angeles International Airport. It was incorporated on February 20, 1968. The city is locally known for its plurality of Filipino-Americans and immigrants. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a population of 95,558.
Carleman linearization
In mathematics, Carleman linearization (or Carleman embedding) is a technique to transform a finite-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system into an infinite-dimensional linear system. It was introduced by the Swedish mathematician Torsten Carleman in 1932. Carleman linearization is related to composition operator and has been widely used in the study of dynamical systems. It also been used in many applied fields, such as in control theory and in quantum computing.

Composition operator
In mathematics, the composition operator  with symbol  is a linear operator defined by the rule

where  denotes function composition. It is also encountered in composition of permutations in permutation groups.

The study of composition operators is covered by AMS category 47B33.
John W. Herron
John W. Herron is a retired American judge who served for 35 years on the Court of Common Pleas of Pennsylvania's First Judicial District, located in Philadelphia. Herron was the trial division's administrative judge for three three-year terms. As administrative judge in 1999, he issued the order creating the Commerce Case Management Program (Commerce Court), Pennsylvania's first specialized business court program. He was first elected in 1987, after having been one of the few judges in modern Pennsylvania history to be recommended for office based on a merit selection process.

First Judicial District of Pennsylvania
The First Judicial District is the judicial body governing the county of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It consists of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County and the Philadelphia Municipal Court.

Although the title of the district is assigned by the Pennsylvania Unified Court System, the court operates under the county of Philadelphia. All judges serving on the bench are elected to serve their terms by registered voters in Philadelphia, rather than appointed by the executive branch of government.  The First Judicial District's respective courts preside over all state and local jurisdiction civil and criminal matters that occur within the county of Philadelphia's borders.
1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash
The  1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash occurred on 17 October 1958 when a Tupolev Tu-104A operated by Aeroflot flying an international route from Beijing to Moscow crashed in bad weather near the town of Kanash, Chuvashia, Soviet Union, four hundred miles east of Moscow, killing all 80 people on board. The flight was carrying high-level diplomatic delegations from numerous Soviet aligned countries such as China, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia. It was just the second fatal accident involving the Tu-104 which had been introduced into Aeroflot's inventory two years earlier, and the deadliest in the airline's history until the crash of Aeroflot Flight 902 in 1962.

Tupolev Tu-104
The Tupolev Tu-104 (NATO reporting name: Camel) is a medium-range, narrow-body, twin turbojet-powered Soviet airliner. It was the second jetliner to enter regular service, after the British de Havilland Comet and was the only jetliner operating in the world from 1956 to 1958, when the British jetliner was grounded due to safety concerns.

In 1957, Czechoslovak Airlines – ČSA (now Czech Airlines), became the first airline in the world to fly a route exclusively with jet airliners, using the Tu-104A variant between Prague and Moscow. In civilian service, the Tu-104 carried over 90 million passengers with Aeroflot (then the world's largest airline), and a lesser number with ČSA, while it also was operated by the Soviet Air Force. Its successors included the Tu-124, Tu-134, and Tu-154.
Simona Quadarella
Simona Quadarella (Italian pronunciation: [siˈmoːna kwadaˈrɛlla]; born 18 December 1998) is an Italian swimmer. She specializes in long distance freestyle events. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, she won a bronze medal in Women's 800 metre freestyle, and at the 2019 World Championships in Gwangju, won the gold medal in the 1500 m freestyle, and the silver medal in the 800 m freestyle.

Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metre freestyle
The women's 800 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held from 29 to 31 July 2021 at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre. It was the event's 14th consecutive appearance, having been held at every edition since 1968.

Katie Ledecky won the gold medal, becoming the first person to win the event three consecutive times. At age 24, Ledecky became the oldest winner in the event after already being the youngest at the age of 15 in 2012.
Buddy (1997 film)
Buddy is a 1997 American biographical comedy-drama family film written and directed by Caroline Thompson, produced by Jim Henson Pictures and American Zoetrope, and released by Columbia Pictures on June 6, 1997. It starred Rene Russo as Mrs. Gertrude "Trudy" Lintz and Robbie Coltrane as her husband.

The film was based loosely on the life of a gorilla called Massa with elements of Gertrude Lintz's other gorilla Gargantua (who was called "Buddy" at the time). In real life, Massa was sold to the Philadelphia Zoo after he attacked Lintz, while Buddy/Gargantua died young as a circus attraction and his remains are now on display in a museum.

The gorilla suit used for Buddy was created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop.

Gertrude Lintz
Gertrude Ada Davies Lintz (1880 – 1968) was an English-American dog breeder and socialite known for keeping exotic animals, including chimpanzees and gorillas, in her Brooklyn home. Her gorilla Buddy was sold to a circus and renamed Gargantua. Her gorilla Massa was sold to the Philadelphia Zoo, eventually becoming the longest-living documented gorilla. Her 1942 memoir Animals Are My Hobby inspired the 1997 American film Buddy. Lintz was played by Rene Russo in the film.
Eldora Mountain Resort
Eldora Mountain Resort is a ski area in the western United States, located in the southwest corner of Boulder County, Colorado, near the unincorporated community of Eldora and three miles (5 km) west of Nederland.

Nederland, Colorado
Nederland (/ˈnɛdərlənd/, NED-ər-lənd) is a statutory town located near Barker Meadow Reservoir in the foothills of southwest Boulder County, Colorado, United States. As of the 2020 United States census it had a population of 1,471.
Woodville Football Club
Woodville Football Club was an Australian rules football club that competed in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) from 1964 to 1990, when it merged in 1991 with the West Torrens Football Club to form the Woodville-West Torrens Eagles.

Based in the inner north western suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia, Woodville Football Club derived its name from the suburb Woodville and local government area City of Woodville that it was located in.

The club's lack of success was unparalleled in the Victorian Football League (VFL) or West Australian Football League (WAFL) with the club receiving 9 wooden spoons, including 6 times in succession 1980-1985, in 27 years whilst only making the finals 3 times without a grand final appearance.

Woodville-West Torrens Football Club
Woodville-West Torrens Football Club is an Australian rules football club playing in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). The club was formed in 1990 from a merger of the neighbouring Woodville and West Torrens football clubs and played its inaugural game in 1991.  Since 1993, the Eagles have played most of their home games at Woodville's home ground of Woodville Oval, having previously used Football Park.
Beau Baldwin
Beau Daniel Baldwin (born May 21, 1972) is an American football coach and former player. He most recently served as quarterbacks coach for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Previously, he was also the head football coach for the Cal Poly Mustangs, a position he held from December 2019 to 2022.  Baldwin previously served as the head football coach at Central Washington University in 2007 and at Eastern Washington University from 2008 to 2016. He led the 2010 Eastern Washington Eagles football team to an NCAA Division I Football Championship. Baldwin was the offensive coordinator for the California Golden Bears from 2017 to 2019 and for the Arizona State Sun Devils in 2023.

Cal Poly Mustangs football
The Cal Poly Mustangs are the football team representing California Polytechnic State University located in San Luis Obispo, California. The team plays its home games at Mustang Memorial Field, at the NCAA Division I FCS level in the Big Sky Conference. The current head coach is Tim Skipper, who began his tenure in December 2025.
Ana (1982 film)
Ana is a 1982 Portuguese independent docufictional and ethnofictional feature film, written, directed and edited by António Reis and Margarida Cordeiro. It was filmed in Trás-os-Montes like António Reis' previous film, Trás-os-Montes. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

António Reis
António Ferreira Gonçalves dos Reis, known as António Reis (27 August 1925 – 10 September 1991), was a Portuguese film director, screenwriter and producer, poet, sculptor and ethnographer. He occupies an original place in the history of Portuguese film.
Atrocitus
Atrocitus (Atros) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the leader of the Red Lantern Corps and an enemy of the Guardians of the Universe and Sinestro, their former Green Lantern.

Black Lantern Corps
The Black Lantern Corps is a supervillainous organization of corporeal revenants (resembling intelligent zombies or jiangshi) appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, related to the emotional spectrum. The group is composed of deceased fictional characters in zombie form that seek to eliminate all life from the DC Universe.
Yuzivska gas field
The Yuzivska gas field (Ukrainian: Юзівське газове родовище) is an unconventional Ukrainian natural gas field that was discovered in 2010. It was expected to begin production in 2017, but development was halted because of the outbreak of the 2014 war in the Donbas region near the field, a sharp plunge in European natural gas prices (making the costly shale gas development less profitable), and opposition from local residents.

Natural gas in Ukraine
Gas is an important part of energy in Ukraine. About 20 billion cubic meters of fossil gas is extracted each year, and since 2022 this has almost met demand, which in winter can reach 150 mcm a day. Ukraine has the largest gas storage in Europe.
Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment)
The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) (RHLI) is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army, based at John Weir Foote VC Armoury in Hamilton, Ontario. The RHLI is part of 31 Canadian Brigade Group, which is part of 4th Canadian Division.

86th (Machine Gun) Battalion, CEF
The 86th (Machine Gun) Battalion, CEF  was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, which was raised for overseas service during World War I. Authorized on December 22, 1915, the battalion embarked for Britain in May 1916. Based at Shorncliffe, the battalion was reorganized as the Canadian Machine Gun Depot, CEF and provided reinforcements for Canadian units in the field until it was disbanded on 1 September 1917. It is believed to have been "the first of its kind in the British Empire."
Drowned Wednesday
Drowned Wednesday is the third book in The Keys to the Kingdom series by Garth Nix.  It continues the story of Arthur Pehaligon and his quest to fulfil a mysterious Will in order to reclaim an otherworldly House from seven antagonistic Trustees. Following the events of the previous novel, Arthur must secure the third part of the Will from a fiendish pirate in order to save the Border Sea from Drowned Wednesday's insatiable appetite.

The Keys to the Kingdom
The Keys to the Kingdom is a fantasy-adventure book series written by Garth Nix, comprising seven books published between 2003 and 2010. The series chronicles the adventures of a boy named Arthur, who becomes involved with a magical world called the 'House'; he is on a quest to take back the House from seven antagonistic 'Trustees'.