hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy
The New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy is a debate in the politics of New Zealand. It concerns the ownership of the country's foreshore and seabed, with many Māori groups claiming that Māori have a rightful claim to title (indigenous title). These claims are based around historical possession and the Treaty of Waitangi. On 18 November 2004, the New Zealand Parliament passed a law which deems the title to be held by the Crown. This law, the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, was enacted on 24 November 2004. Some sections of the act came into force on 17 January 2005. It was repealed and replaced by the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011.

Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011
The Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament created to replace the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004. It was brought in by the fifth National government and creates a sui generis property class for the marine and coastal area, in which it is vested in no one. This is in contrast to the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 in which the foreshore and seabed were vested in the Crown.
Alabama State Route 160
State Route 160 (SR 160) is an 18.415-mile-long (29.636 km) state highway in Blount County, in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The western terminus of the highway is at an intersection with U.S. Route 31 (US 31) on the southern edge of Smoke Rise. This intersection is just east of US 31's interchange with Interstate 65 (I-65 exit 284). The eastern terminus of the highway is at an intersection with US 231 and Blount County Route 1 (CR 1) in Cleveland. SR 160 is the only state highway that is exclusively located in Blount County.

U.S. Route 31 in Alabama
U.S. Route 31 (US 31) in Alabama runs north–south up through the heart of Alabama for 386.449 miles (621.929 km). US 31 proper begins at a junction with US 90 and US 98 in Spanish Fort and exits the state into Tennessee running concurrently with Interstate 65 (I-65) near Ardmore. US 31 enters the limits of major cities Montgomery, Birmingham, and Decatur. Throughout the state, with the exception of its concurrency with I-65 north of Athens, US 31 runs concurrently with the unsigned State Route 3 (SR 3). Today, aside from portions through major towns and cities, US 31 is largely a rural two-lane highway. The route has largely been supplanted by I-65, with which it has eight junctions and two concurrencies.
Paul Sabatier (chemist)
Paul Sabatier (French: [sabatje]; 5 November 1854 – 14 August 1941) was a French chemist, born in Carcassonne.  In 1912, Sabatier was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Victor Grignard.  Sabatier was honoured for his work improving the hydrogenation of organic species in the presence of metals.

Victor Grignard
Francois Auguste Victor Grignard (6 May 1871 – 13 December 1935) was a French chemist who won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the eponymously named Grignard reagent and Grignard reaction, both of which are important in the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. He also wrote some of his experiments in his laboratory notebooks.
Char cloth
Char cloth, also called char paper, is a material with low ignition temperature, used as tinder when lighting a fire. It is the main component in a tinderbox. It is a small swatch of fabric made from a natural fibre (such as linen, cotton, jute etc.) that has been converted through pyrolysis.

Tinder
Tinder is easily combustible material used to start a fire. Tinder is a finely divided, open material which will begin to glow under a shower of sparks. Air is gently wafted over the glowing tinder until it bursts into flame. The flaming tinder is used to ignite kindling, which in turn is used to ignite the bulk material, to produce a fire.

Tinder can be made of any flammable substance, as long as it is finely divided and has an open structure.
Royal Armouries
The Royal Armouries is the United Kingdom's national collection of arms and armour. Once an important part of England's military organization, it became the United Kingdom's oldest museum, and one of the oldest museums in the world. It is also one of the largest collections of arms and armour in the world, comprising the UK's National Collection of Arms and Armour, National Artillery Collection, and National Firearms Collection.  Originally housed in the Tower of London from the 15th century, today the collection is split across three sites: the Tower, the  Royal Armouries Museum in Leeds, and Fort Nelson near Portsmouth.

From 2004 to 2015, a limited selection of items was also on display in Louisville, Kentucky, in the United States, in cooperation with the Frazier History Museum.

Royal Armouries Museum
The Royal Armouries Museum in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, is a national museum that holds the National Collection of Arms and Armour. It is part of the Royal Armouries family of museums, with other sites at the Royal Armouries' traditional home in the Tower of London, and the National Collection of Artillery at Fort Nelson, Hampshire. The Royal Armouries is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

The Royal Armouries Museum is a £42.5 million purpose-built museum located in Leeds Dock that opened in 1996. Its collection was previously on display or in storage at the Tower of London where the Royal Armouries still maintains a presence and displays in the White Tower.

As at all UK National Museums, entry is free, though certain extra attractions are charged for.
Little Southwest Branch Saint John River
The Little Southwest Branch Saint John River is a tributary of Southwest Branch Saint John River, flowing on 46.5 kilometres (28.9 mi) in Somerset County, in North Maine Woods, in Maine, in United States.

From its source (46°07′34″N 70°11′39″W﻿ / ﻿46.1260°N 70.1941°W﻿ / 46.1260; -70.1941﻿ (Little Southwest Branch Saint John River source)) in Maine Township 6, Range 19, WELS, it flows northward in a deep valley in forest area, a few miles east of the Canada–United States border to its mouth on South bank of the Southwest Branch Saint John River in T 9, R 18.

Southwest Branch Saint John River
The Southwest Branch Saint John River (French: Rivière Saint-Jean Sud-Ouest) is a 62.0-mile-long (99.8 km) river in Maine and Quebec. The branch originates in "Little Saint John Lake" (46°06′18″N 70°15′09″W﻿ / ﻿46.1050°N 70.2524°W﻿ / 46.1050; -70.2524﻿ (Southwest Branch Saint John River source)) on the international boundary between Saint-Zacharie, Quebec and Seboomook Lake Township 5, Range 20, WELS. The branch forms the Canada–United States border as it flows northeasterly to a confluence with the Little Southwest Branch Saint John River in Seboomook Lake Township 9, Range 18, WELS. The Southwest Branch flows briefly into Quebec (46°24′58″N 70°03′24″W﻿ / ﻿46.4162°N 70.0567°W﻿ / 46.4162; -70.0567﻿ (Canada – United States border)) and then through Maine to its confluence with the Baker Branch Saint John River in Seboomook Lake Township 9, Range 17, WELS. The Southwest Branch finally joins with the Northwest Branch to form the Saint John River.
Sahā
Sahā or more formally the Sahā world (Sanskrit: sahāloka or sahālokadhātu) in Mahāyāna Buddhism refers to the mundane world, essentially the sum of existence that is other than nirvana.

It is the entirety of conditioned phenomena, also referred to as the trichiliocosm. As a term, its usage is comparable to the Earth (pṛthivī) or as the place where all beings are subject to the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra). It is the place where both good and evil manifests and where beings must exercise patience and endurance (kṣānti). It is also described as the place where Śākyamuni Buddha teaches the Dharma.

The Sahā world is divided into three distinct realms or worlds (traidhātuka or trailokya).

Its ruler is Mahābrahmā Sahāmpati.

Trailokya
Trailokya (Sanskrit: त्रैलोक्य; Kannada: ತ್ರೈಲೋಕ್ಯ; Pali: tiloka, Tibetan: khams gsum; Chinese: 三界; Vietnamese: Tam Giới) literally means "three worlds". It can also refer to "three spheres," "three planes of existence," and "three realms".

Various schemas of three realms (tri-loka) appear in the main Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.
Pennsylvania Route 401
Pennsylvania Route 401 (PA 401) is a 20.2-mile-long (32.5 km) east–west state route in Berks and Chester counties, located in southeast Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at PA 23 in Caernarvon Township, across the county line from Elverson. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 30 (US 30) in East Whiteland Township, a short distance west of Malvern. PA 401 is called Conestoga Road its entire length and runs through rural areas with suburban development toward the eastern part of the route. PA 401 follows a former turnpike chartered in 1809 known as the Little Conestoga Turnpike. PA 401 was designated along Conestoga Road between PA 29 (Phoenixville Pike) and US 30/PA 1 in 1928. The route was extended west to PA 23 in the 1930s, at which time the entire length was paved.

U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 30 (US 30) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs east–west across the southern part of Pennsylvania, passing through Pittsburgh and Philadelphia on its way from the West Virginia state line east to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge over the Delaware River into New Jersey.

In Pennsylvania, US 30 runs along or near the transcontinental Lincoln Highway, an auto trail which ran from San Francisco to New York City before the U.S. Numbered Highways were designated. The Lincoln Highway turned northeast at Philadelphia, however, using present US 1 and its former alignments to cross the Delaware River into Trenton, New Jersey.

Points of interest along US 30 include the Gettysburg Battlefield, Dutch Wonderland, the Flight 93 National Memorial, Fort Ligonier, Westmoreland Mall, Jennerstown Speedway Complex, Idlewild and Soak Zone, and Independence Mall at the Independence National Historical Park.
Bank of New South Wales building, Gympie
The Bank of New South Wales is a heritage-listed former bank at 242 Mary Street, Gympie, Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1890 to 1891 by T. Kelly. It is also known as Widgee Shire Council Chambers, Coolooa Shire Council Chambers and Gympie Regional Council Chambers. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 15 April 2011.

Gympie
Gympie (/ˈɡɪmpi/ GHIM-pee) is a city and a locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. Located in the Greater Sunshine Coast, Gympie is about 170.7 km (110 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. The city lies on the Mary River, which floods Gympie occasionally. The locality of Gympie is the central business district for the city of Gympie and also the administrative centre for the Gympie Region local government area. In the 2021 census, Gympie had an urban population of 22,424 people.

Gympie is famous for its gold field. It contains a number of historic buildings registered on the Queensland Heritage Register.
Essendon tram depot
Essendon tram depot is located on Mount Alexander Road, Travancore, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, it is one of eight tram depots on the Melbourne tram network. Despite the name, the depot is located three kilometres from the suburb of Essendon.

Mount Alexander Road
Mount Alexander Road (and its northern section as Bulla Road) is a major road in Melbourne's inner northern suburbs, connecting the northern edges of the city district to just south of Essendon Airport. It was named after its original destination: the Gold Fields of Mount Alexander, now known as Castlemaine.
Tarjei Sandvik Moe
Tarjei Sandvik Moe (born 24 May 1999) is a Norwegian actor. He rose to fame with his portrayal of Isak Valtersen, the main character in the third season of Norwegian teen drama series Skam. His acting, and the third season of the series as a whole, received widespread critical acclaim for a non-stereotypical display of homosexuality, and resulted in him and co-star Henrik Holm winning two prestigious Norwegian awards.

Following the conclusion of Skam, Moe performed in the Norwegian theater adaptation of Grease and appeared in the 2018 erotic thriller film En affære.

Henrik Holm (actor)
Henrik Holm (born 12 September 1995) is a Norwegian actor and model. He is best known for his portrayal of Even Bech Næsheim in the third and fourth seasons of the teen drama series, Skam. Holm also played a role in the television series Halvbroren (The Half-Brother) in 2013.

Holm won the Gullruten Audience Award for his character, Even, along with co-star Tarjei Sandvik Moe's character Isak Valtersen. The Gullruten ceremony also awarded Best TV Moment of the Year to the Skam season 3 scene "O Helga Natt", in which Moe and Holm starred.
Minardi M189
The Minardi M189 was a Formula One car, designed for Minardi by Nigel Cowperthwaite for use in the 1989 FIA Formula One World Championship. Introduced partway through the year and driven by Pierluigi Martini and Luis Perez-Sala, it scored several points finishes for the team. Updated as the M189B for the 1990 season, it was used for the first two races of the year before being replaced by the Minardi M190.

Minardi M190
The Minardi M190 was a Formula One car designed by Aldo Costa and Tomasso Carletti and built by Minardi for the 1990 Formula One season. The car was powered by the Cosworth DFR V8 engine and ran on Pirelli tyres. It failed to score any points for Minardi.

The Minardi M190 was the last Faenza-based Formula One car to run on Pirelli tyres until Toro Rosso STR6 in 2011.
St. Ivan Rilski Chapel
The St. Ivan Rilski Chapel (St. John of Rila Chapel, Bulgarian: Параклис Свети Иван Рилски) at the St. Kliment Ohridski Base of Bulgaria, on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands is the first Eastern Orthodox edifice in Antarctica, the southernmost Eastern Orthodox building of worship in the world (cf. Trinity Church, Antarctica), and one of eight churches on Antarctica.

Trinity Church (Antarctica)
Holy Trinity Church (Russian: Церковь Святой Троицы) is a small Russian Orthodox church on King George Island near Bellingshausen Station, a Russian research station in Antarctica. It is one of the eight churches on Antarctica and the southernmost Eastern Orthodox church in the world.
Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas.

It is located in north-central Mexico and is bordered by the states of Durango to the northwest, Coahuila to the north, Nayarit to the west, San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León to the east, and Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes to the south. The state is best known for its rich deposits of silver and other minerals, its colonial architecture and its importance during the Mexican Revolution. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and tourism.

Durango
Durango, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is one of the states which make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico, situated in the northwest portion of the country. With a population of 1,832,650, the 8th lowest of Mexico's states, Durango has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur. The capital city, Victoria de Durango, is named after the first President of Mexico, Guadalupe Victoria.
Colombian Constitution of 1886
The Colombian Constitution of 1886 was the constitution that remade the United States of Colombia into the Republic of Colombia, and replaced the federal republic with a unitary state. Following the Colombian Civil War (1884–1885), a coalition of moderate Liberals and Conservatives, led by Rafael Nuñez, ended the political period known as "the Radical Olympus", repealed the Constitution of Rionegro (1863), and substituted it with the constitution of 1886. From then on, the country was officially known as the Republic of Colombia. The Constitution of 1886 was the longest lasting constitution in the history of Colombia, eventually being itself replaced by the Constitution of 1991.

Colombian Constitution of 1991
The Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991 (Spanish: Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991), is the Constitution of the Republic of Colombia. It was promulgated in Constitutional Gazette number 114 on Sunday, July 7, 1991, and is also known as the Constitution of Rights. It replaced the Political Constitution of 1886 and was issued during the presidency of the liberal César Gaviria.

It is divided up into eight sections, under titles.
Golem
A golem (/ˈɡoʊləm/ ⓘ GOH-ləm; Hebrew: גּוֹלֶם‎, romanized: gōlem) is an animated anthropomorphic being in Jewish folklore that is created entirely from inanimate matter, usually clay or mud. The most famous golem narrative involves Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the late-16th-century rabbi of Prague. According to Moment magazine, "the golem is a highly mutable metaphor with seemingly limitless symbolism. It can be a victim or villain, man or woman—or sometimes both. Over the centuries, it has been used to connote war, community, isolation, hope, and despair."

In modern popular culture, the word has become generalized, and any crude automaton  devised by a sorcerer may be termed a "golem".

Judah Loew ben Bezalel
Judah Loew ben Bezalel (Hebrew: יהודה ליווא בן בצלאל; c. 1524 – 17 September 1609), also known as Rabbi Loew (alt. Löw, Loewe, Löwe or Levai), the Maharal of Prague (Hebrew: מהר״ל מפראג), or simply the Maharal (the Hebrew acronym of "Moreinu ha-Rav Loew", "Our Teacher, Rabbi Loew"), was an important Talmudic scholar, Jewish mystic, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who, for most of his life, served as a leading rabbi in the cities of Mikulov in Moravia and Prague in Bohemia.

Loew wrote on Jewish philosophy and Jewish mysticism. His work Gur Aryeh al HaTorah is a supercommentary on Rashi's Torah commentary. He is also the subject of a later legend that he created the Golem of Prague, an animate being fashioned from clay.
Ralph Evans (boxer)
Ralph Evans (born 20 December 1953) is a Welsh former boxer. He represented Great Britain at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, reaching the semi-final before losing to György Gedó. He received the bronze medal for the event, becoming the first Welsh boxer to win an Olympic medal. His performance was also the best finish by a Welsh boxer at an Olympic games for 40 years until it was surpassed in 2012.

He chose to retire after the tournament, becoming a coach for his brother Wayne during his professional boxing career.

György Gedó
György Gedó (born 23 April 1949) is a retired Hungarian light-flyweight boxer. He competed in the 1968, 1972, 1976 and 1980 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1972. He was the European light-flyweight champion in 1969 and 1971. Gedó is Jewish.
Bassett's
George Bassett & Co., known simply as Bassett's, was an English confectionery company and brand.
The company was founded in Sheffield by George Bassett in 1842. The company became a brand of Cadbury Schweppes in 1989. The brand's final owner was Mondelēz International, which merged the brand with Maynards to create Maynards Bassetts in 2016.

The company's best-known sweets, the Liquorice Allsorts, were supposedly created by accident in 1899, and in 1926 the Bertie Bassett mascot was created; Bertie continues to represent the product today. Jelly Babies were produced by the brand since 1918.

Liquorice allsorts
Liquorice allsorts are liquorice confectionery sold as an assortment. Made of liquorice, sugar, coconut, aniseed jelly, fruit flavourings, and gelatine, they were first produced in Sheffield, England, by Geo. Bassett & Co Ltd.

Allsorts are produced by many companies around the world, but are most popular in Europe, especially Britain and the Netherlands, where they are called Engelse drop, meaning English liquorice. They are also common in Scandinavia, where they are called Engelsk konfekt or Lakridskonfekt, and in Finland, where they are called Englannin lakritsi. South African confectionery giant Beacon produces substantial quantities of the product, selling it locally and exporting it to Australia, Canada and Portugal.
Daolin
Daolin (Chinese: 道林镇) is a rural town in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It has an area of 135 square kilometers. It is surrounded by Lianhua Town on the north, Hanpu Town and Xiangtang Township on the southeast, and Datunying and Huaminglou Town on the west. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 54,500.

Huaminglou
Huaminglou (Chinese: 花明楼镇) is a rural town in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Ruyi Township on the west, Donghutang Town on the north, Daolin Town on the eastsouth, Lianhua Town and Yuchangping Town on the northeast, and Datunying on the south. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 45,634 and an area of 112.4 square kilometres (43.4 sq mi).
CCGS Naalak Nappaaluk
CCGS Naalak Nappaaluk is an offshore oceanographic and hydrographic survey vessel for the Canadian Coast Guard. The vessel replaces CCGS Hudson. It is described as "Canada's new flagship ocean research ship".

Naalak Nappaaluk was initially expected to cost CAD$109 million, with delivery scheduled for 2017. However, the project's budget increased to CAD$1.28 billion, and delivery was delayed by eight years, pushing it to 2025.

The ship was launched at Vancouver, British Columbia, in August 2024. Sea trials were underway as of June 2025. It was formally delivered to the Canadian Coast Guard at a ceremony at Vancouver Shipyards on November 13, 2025. Crew training is scheduled to occur in Patricia Bay, after which the vessel is scheduled to work out of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.

CCGS Hudson
CCGS Hudson was an offshore oceanographic and hydrographic survey vessel operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The ship entered service in 1963 with the Canadian Oceanographic Service, stationed at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, called CSS Hudson. The ship made several significant scientific voyages, among them the first circumnavigation of the Americas in 1970. The ship was transferred to the Canadian Coast Guard in 1996 and decommissioned in 2022. A replacement is not scheduled for delivery until 2024–2025.
Amelia County, Virginia
Amelia County is a county located just southwest of Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. The county is located in Central Virginia and is included in the Greater Richmond Region. Its county seat is Amelia Court House.

Amelia County was created in 1735 from parts of Prince George and Brunswick counties and was named in honor of Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Parts of the county were later carved out to create Prince Edward and Nottoway counties.

As of the 2020 census, the county population was 13,265.

Nottoway County, Virginia
Nottoway County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,642. Its county seat is Nottoway.  It is situated south of the James River, thus making it a part of the Southside Virginia Region.