hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Middlesex and Norfolk district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Middlesex and Norfolk district is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 9.9% of Middlesex County and 1.8% of Norfolk County by population. Democrat Karen Spilka of Ashland has represented the district since 2005.

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 6th Middlesex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 6th Middlesex district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of the city of Framingham in Middlesex County. Democrat Priscila Sousa of Framingham has represented the district since 2023.

The current district geographic boundary overlaps with that of the Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Middlesex and Norfolk district.
Clyde Fenton
Clyde Cornwall Fenton OBE (16 May 1901 – 28 February 1982) was the Northern Territory's first flying doctor. Unlike the other doctors with the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Fenton was also his own pilot. Fenton was a self-taught pilot, and flew without the aid of any navigation equipment, air charts, and often proper landing strips. He enjoys a particular renown as a unique and dashing Territory character.

Royal Flying Doctor Service
The Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS), commonly known as the Flying Doctor, is an aeromedical retrieval service in Australia. It is a non-profit organisation that provides urgent and emergency medical transport for patients in rural and remote areas of Australia who require transfer to a higher level of care (such as a tertiary referral hospital). RFDS also provides primary health care services such as general practice, mental health and allied health to remote communities who would otherwise have limited access. The RFDS comprises six autonomous regional organisations (such as the RFDS Queensland Section) and a federation office in Canberra.
Jasmine
Jasmine (botanical name: Jasminum, pronounced /ˈjæsmɪnəm/ YAS-min-əm) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae.: 193  It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania.: 194  Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers.

The village of Shubra Beloula in Egypt grows most of the jasmine used by the global perfume industry.

Jasminum angustifolium
Jasminum angustifolium, the wild jasmine, is a species of jasmine native to Sri Lanka and India, including the Andaman Islands. It is a climbing shrub with a smooth stem and minutely pubescent branchlets. It grows up to 6 m (20 ft) tall. Leaves are dark green and opposite in arrangement. The flowers are approximately 25 mm (1 in) in diameter, and resemble a star with seven or eight narrow petals, flowering between June and August.

Its flowers are used as sacred floral offerings and perfumes. The root of the plant is also used for medicinal properties.
Mariam Vattalil
Rani Maria Vattalil, FCC (29 January 1954 – 25 February 1995) was an Indian Catholic religious sister and social worker of the Franciscan Clarists who worked in the Diocese of Indore. Vattalil, a Syro-Malabar Eastern Catholic, dedicated herself to catechetical formation and educational instruction in different areas of the region. She was vocal in matters of social justice, which led to her murder by those opposed to her aid of the poor.

Vattali's cause for canonization was opened after her death, and she was beatified in Indore on 4 November 2017.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Indore
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Indore is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church based in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Founded in 1952 and spread over 3 civil districts of western Madhya Pradesh, it serves an area of 19,073 km².

The bishop of the diocese is Chacko Thottumarickal, S.V.D., born 7 January 1949. He was appointed bishop on 27 March 2002.
City Centre (ward)
City Centre ward was a ward of the local authority Manchester City Council from 2004 to 2018. The population of Manchester city centre grew significantly in the 21st century, therefore as recommended by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England (LGBCE), the ward was replaced in May 2018 with two new electoral wards, Deansgate and Piccadilly.

It is represented in Westminster by Lucy Powell, from the Labour Co-op Party, Member of Parliament for Manchester Central.

Piccadilly (ward)
The Piccadilly electoral ward of Manchester City Council was created by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England to replace parts of the City Centre and Ancoats & Clayton wards in 2018.

It is represented in Westminster by Lucy Powell Labour Co-op MP for Manchester Central.
Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 19th Earl of Shrewsbury
Charles John Chetwynd-Talbot, 19th Earl of Shrewsbury, 19th Earl of Waterford, 4th Earl Talbot, PC (13 April 1830 – 11 May 1877), styled Viscount Ingestre between 1849 and 1868, was a British Conservative politician. He served as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms under Benjamin Disraeli between 1875 and 1877.

Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury
Major Charles Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury, 20th Earl of Waterford, 5th Earl Talbot , KCVO (13 November 1860 – 7 May 1921), styled Viscount Ingestre from 1868 to 1877, was a British peer. Unusually for a wealthy nobleman of the period, he began several businesses connected with road transport, with mixed success.
Tullahoma–Manchester micropolitan area
The Tullahoma–Manchester Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in central Tennessee, anchored by the cities of Tullahoma and Manchester.

As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 93,024 (though a July 1, 2009, estimate placed the population at 99,927).

The Micropolitan area formerly included Franklin County until it was removed in 2023 to form the Winchester Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Manchester, Tennessee
Manchester is a city and the county seat of Coffee County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 12,213 at the 2020 census.

Manchester is part of the Tullahoma micropolitan area.

Since 2002, Manchester has been the host city for the annual Bonnaroo Music Festival. The city's population swells to nearly 100,000 people for the four-day event, for which people travel across the country to camp and enjoy continuous and diverse music.
Broken Dreams: Vanity, Greed and the Souring of British Football
Broken Dreams: Vanity, Greed and the Souring of British Football is a 2003 non-fiction book by the British biographer and investigative journalist Tom Bower about business dealings in English association football. The book was well received critically and was the recipient of the William Hill Sports Book of the Year for 2003.

Tom Bower
Thomas Michael Bower (born 28 September 1946) is a British writer and former BBC journalist and television producer. He is known for his investigative journalism and for his unauthorised biographies, often of business tycoons and newspaper proprietors.

His books include unauthorised biographies of Robert Maxwell, Mohamed Al-Fayed, Conrad Black, Richard Branson, Jeremy Corbyn and Boris Johnson. A book about Richard Desmond remains unpublished. Bower's book, Broken Dreams: Vanity, Greed and the Souring of British Football, won the 2003 William Hill Sports Book of the Year.
Adams County, Washington
Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,613. The county seat is at Ritzville, and its largest city is Othello. The county was formed out of Whitman County in November 1883 and is named after John Adams, the second President of the United States. Adams County's two most populous cities are Ritzville and Othello. Ritzville is located in the northeastern corner of the county at the junction of I-90 and US 395, making it a popular stop for travelers. Ritzville is an hour's drive from Spokane. Othello is located in the southwestern panhandle of the county.

Whitman County, Washington
Whitman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,973. The county seat is Colfax, and its largest city is Pullman.

The county was formed from Stevens County in 1871. It is named after Marcus Whitman, a Presbyterian missionary who, with his wife Narcissa, was killed in 1847 by members of the Cayuse tribe.

Whitman County comprises the Pullman, Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area.
42 Squadron SAAF
42 Squadron SAAF is a disbanded squadron of the South African Air Force, active from 1945 to 2000. The squadron's main role was to spot enemy artillery. The unit was formed in 1945 as 42 AOP Flight, flying Austers under command of an officer of the SA Artillery and was the only army aviation unit flying for South African forces during World War II.

After the war, the squadron was sent back to South Africa, where they were based at Potchefstroom.  The flight became 42 Squadron in the 1950s when control of the flight was transferred to the SAAF. In 1962, the squadron's Austers were phased out and replaced with Cessna 185s, Atlas Bosboks and Atlas Kudus. The squadron relocated to AFB Swartkop in 1992 and to AFB Waterkloof in 2000, the same year the squadron was disbanded.

Aermacchi AM.3
The Aermacchi AM.3 was the result of a joint venture between Aermacchi and Aeritalia (then Aerfer Industrie Aerospaziali Meridionali) in response to an Italian Army requirement for an aircraft to replace the Cessna L-19, and was initially designated the MB-335.
Phi Alpha Literary Society
Phi Alpha (ΦΑ) is a men's Literary Society founded in 1845 at Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois. It conducts business meetings, literary productions, and other activities in Beecher Hall, the oldest college building in Illinois.

Illinois College
Illinois College is a private liberal arts college in Jacksonville, Illinois. It is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the Presbyterian Church (USA). It was the second college founded in Illinois but the first to grant a degree (in 1835). It was founded in 1829 by the Yale Band, students from Yale College who traveled westward to found new colleges. It briefly served as the state's first medical school, from 1843 to 1848.
The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada
The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (also known as Three Burials) is a 2005 neo-Western film directed by and starring Tommy Lee Jones (in his directorial debut) and written by Guillermo Arriaga. It also stars Barry Pepper, Julio Cedillo, Dwight Yoakam, January Jones and Melissa Leo.

The film was inspired by the real-life killing in Texas of a teenager, Esequiel Hernandez Jr, by United States Marines during a military operation near the United States–Mexico border as well as the novel As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner, which contains the same plot premise and challenges encountered in the film.

The film has many flashbacks with the same event shown from different perspectives.

Esequiel Hernández Jr.
Esequiel Hernández Jr. (May 14, 1979 – May 20, 1997) was an 18-year-old American high school student killed on May 20, 1997, by United States Marines in Redford, Texas, located approximately one mile from the United States–Mexico border. Hernández was the first American civilian to be killed by military personnel while on duty in the United States since the 1970 Kent State shootings, and led to Secretary of Defense William Cohen issuing a temporary suspension of troop patrols near the U.S.–Mexico border. The shooting inspired the 2005 movie The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada by Tommy Lee Jones, and the 2007 documentary The Ballad of Esequiel Hernandez.
Bill Barry (politician)
William Peter Barry (30 June 1899 – 21 December 1972) was a Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Carlton from July 1932 until April 1955. Barry was a member of the Labor Party until March 1955, when he was expelled from the party as part of the  Australian Labor Party split of 1955. He became, with Les Coleman in the Victorian Legislative Council, joint leader of the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist), a party that in 1957 became the Democratic Labor Party.

Barry was educated at St Brigid's School, North Fitzroy, Victoria and at St George's School, Carlton. He was a tobacco worker and union official before entering Parliament, and was considered close to John Wren, the Victorian entrepreneur.

Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)
The Democratic Labor Party (DLP) was an Australian political party. The party came into existence following the 1955 ALP split as the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist), and was renamed the Democratic Labor Party in 1957. In 1962, the Queensland Labor Party, a breakaway party of the Queensland branch of the Australian Labor Party, became the Queensland branch of the DLP.

In 1978, a new Democratic Labor Party was founded by members of the original party, which remains active as of 2025.
Marine Corps War College
The Marine Corps War College (MCWAR) is the senior school of the Marine Corps University, providing Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) to selected United States military officers, civilian Government officials, and international military officers.  The college prepares officers for future senior command and staff responsibilities requiring exceptional operational competence, sound military judgment, and strategic thinking. The college is located within the Marine Corps University aboard Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia.

Marine Corps University
Marine Corps University is a military education university system of the United States Marine Corps. It is part of the Naval University System and accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award Master's Degrees.
Hicklin test
The Hicklin test is a legal test for obscenity established by the English case R. v Hicklin (1868). At issue was the statutory interpretation of the word "obscene" in the Obscene Publications Act 1857, which authorized the destruction of obscene books. The court held that all material tending "to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences" was obscene, regardless of its artistic or literary merit.

Obscenity
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin obscēnus, obscaenus, "boding ill; disgusting; indecent", of uncertain etymology. Generally, the term can be used to indicate strong moral repugnance and outrage in expressions such as "obscene profits" and "the obscenity of war". As a legal term, it usually refers to descriptions and depictions of people engaged in sexual and excretory activity.
Genova Piazza Principe railway station
Genova Piazza Principe railway station (commonly called Genova Principe or incorrectly Genova Porta Principe) is the central station of Genoa and is located on Piazza Acquaverde, occupying the entire north side of Via Andrea Doria—where the station entrance is located—in the town centre and a short distance from the Palazzo del Principe, from which it takes its name. It is used by about 66,000 passengers per day and 24,000,000 per year. The first temporary station was opened in 1854 at the end of the line from Turin.  Lines were later opened to Milan, Rome and the French border at Ventimiglia.

Genoa–Pisa railway
The Genoa–Pisa railway is one of the trunk lines of the Italian railway network. It runs along the Ligurian coast from Genoa to Pisa through the Riviera di Levante and the Versilia. It passes through the cities of Massa, Carrara and La Spezia. South of Pisa the Pisa–Rome line continues along the Tyrrhenian coast to Rome. The line is double track and is fully electrified at 3,000 V DC. Passenger traffic is managed by Trenitalia.
Ploshchad Lenina (Saint Petersburg Metro)
Ploshchad Lenina (Russian: Пло́щадь Ле́нина, Lenin Square) is a station on the Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro, located between Chernyshevskaya and Vyborgskaya. The station was opened on June 1, 1958, on the second line of the metro between Ploshchad Vosstaniya and Ploshchad Lenina. It was named after Lenin Square, the location of its surface vestibule. In the early plans, it was named "Finland Station."

Finland Station
St Petersburg–Finlyandsky (Russian: Станция Санкт-Петербург–Финля́ндский, romanized: Stantsiya Sankt-Peterburg–Finlyandskiy), also known as Finland Station (Russian: Финля́ндский вокзал, romanized: Finlyandskiy vokzal) (IATA: FVS), is a railway station in St. Petersburg, Russia, handling transport to westerly destinations including Helsinki and Vyborg.

The station is most famous for having been the location where Vladimir Lenin returned to Petrograd from exile in Switzerland on 16 April 1917 (N.S.), ahead of the October Revolution.

The main entrance to the metro station Ploshchad Lenina is in the main building of Finland Station.
Caterpillar inflation
Caterpillar inflation is a method of specimen preservation found in insect collecting, used mostly during the 19th and early 20th century.

As a method of preservation it has largely been replaced by freeze drying and preservation in alcohol. In some cases caterpillar inflation offers better colour retention than preservation in alcohol, although the rise of colour photography rendered this less important.

A limitation of the technique was that it could produce poor results, in the form of oversized and distended specimens with poor colour, especially if carried out when the caterpillar was moulting or about to undergo pupation.

Colour retention was not always perfect and some collectors painted or dyed their inflated specimens although water colours could distort the skin.

Insect collecting
Insect collecting refers to the collection of insects and other arthropods for scientific study or as a hobby. Most insects are small and the majority cannot be identified without the examination of minute morphological characters, so entomologists often make and maintain insect collections. Very large collections are preserved in natural history museums or universities where they are maintained and studied by specialists. Many college courses require students to form small collections. There are also amateur entomologists and collectors who keep collections.

Historically, insect collecting has been widespread and was in the Victorian age a very popular educational hobby. Insect collecting has left traces in European cultural history, literature and songs, e.g., Georges Brassens's La chasse aux papillons (The Hunt for Butterflies). The practice is particularly common among Japanese youths.
Brendan Iribe
Brendan Trexler Iribe (/ˈiːriːb/; born August 12, 1979) is an American game programmer, racing driver, entrepreneur and co-founder of Oculus VR, Inc. and Scaleform. He is the managing partner at BIG Ventures, an early-stage venture fund.

Reality Labs
Reality Labs, formerly Oculus VR, is a business and research unit of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook Inc.) that produces virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) hardware and software, including virtual reality headsets such as the Quest, and online platforms such as Horizon Worlds. In June 2022, several artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives that were previously a part of Meta AI were transitioned to Reality Labs. This also includes Meta's fundamental AI Research laboratory FAIR which is now part of the Reality Labs - Research (RLR) division.

The Reality Labs unit is the result of the merger of several initiatives under Meta Platforms and the incorporation of several acquired companies. This includes CTRL-Labs founded by Thomas Reardon which develops non-invasive neural interface technology as well as Oculus, a company that was founded in 2012 by Palmer Luckey, Brendan Iribe, Michael Antonov and Nate Mitchell to develop a VR headset for video gaming.
Trish Regan
Patricia Ann "Trish" Regan (born December 13, 1972) is a conservative American Podcaster, author, and former television talk-show host. She hosted Trish Regan Primetime on the Fox Business Network from 2015 to 2020.

Regan was previously a television host on Bloomberg Television from 2012 to 2015, and a host at CNBC from 2007 to 2012. She was also a host on Fox Business and a contributor on Fox News until March 2020.

Fox Business
Fox Business (officially known as Fox Business Network, or FBN) is an American business news channel and website publication owned by the Fox News Media division of Fox Corporation. The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in Midtown Manhattan. Launched on October 15, 2007, the network features trading day coverage and a nightly lineup of opinion-based talk shows.

Day-to-day operations are run by Kevin Magee, executive vice president of Fox News; Neil Cavuto was the vice president and managing editor for the network and business news operation overall.

As of February 2015, Fox Business Network is available to approximately 74,224,000 pay television households (63.8% of households with television) in the United States.
National Defence Academy of Latvia
The National Defence Academy of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Nacionālā aizsardzības akadēmija) is a defense academy of higher education and scientific research in Riga, Latvia. It was established on February 13, 1992, as the Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Latvia. It builds on the historic traditions of the pre-WWII Latvian School of War (Latvijas Kara skola). It is the only military academy in Latvia. The Latvian Armed Forces also contribute to and utilize the Baltic Defence College in Tartu.

Military academy
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.

Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.

A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization of service academies in that country.
2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment
The 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment (French: 2e Régiment étranger de parachutistes, 2e REP) is the only airborne regiment of the Foreign Legion in the French Army. It is one of the four infantry regiments of the 11th Parachute Brigade and part of the spearhead of the French rapid reaction force.

Since the regiment's arrival from Algeria in 1967, it has been stationed at Camp Raffalli near the town of Calvi on the island of Corsica, south of mainland France. The regiment is also equipped with Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé.

3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment
The 3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment (French: 3e Régiment Étranger de Parachutistes, 3e R.E.P) was a parachute regiment of the Foreign Legion in the French Army and previous 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion, (3e BEP) from September 1, 1955, to December 1, 1955.

Based at Batna, the regiment becomes operational but then is dissolved on December 1, 1955; the legionnaires constituting the regiment are merged with the 2e BEP to form a new unit, the 2e REP.