hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl Hensler
Monsignor Carl Peter Hensler (November 7, 1898 – November 1984) was an American Roman Catholic priest of the Diocese of Pittsburgh. Nicknamed "the Labor Priest" in recognition of the help and support he gave to the Steel Workers union during his early career, he also became a founding member of the Catholic Radical Alliance. Describing the alliance in 1937, Hensler said:

"We contend that the relationship between Catholicism and Capitalism is one of fundamental opposition, which cannot be removed unless the ax of reform is laid to the very roots."

During the 1950s, he was assigned as pastor of St. George's Catholic Church, and was also appointed director of the Institute of Adult Education, which was sponsored by the Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh.

Catholic Radical Alliance
Catholicism portal

Organized labor portal

The Catholic Radical Alliance was founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1937 by the Roman Catholic priests Charles Owen Rice, Carl Hensler, and George Barry O'Toole, with the approval of their bishop, Hugh C. Boyle. It supported the unionization of workers in the H. J. Heinz Company and the Loose Wiles Biscuit Company in Pittsburgh. In addition to union activities, it founded a house of hospitality, St. Joseph's, which is still active as of 2018. It disassociated itself from the Catholic Worker Movement during the Second World War, over a disagreement with the Catholic Worker's pacifist stance.
Iris scariosa
Iris scariosa is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the mountainsides of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has sword-like, or sickle shaped, blue green or grey-green leaves, a short flowering stem, 3 or 4 membranous or semi-transparent flower bud leaves, 2 violet, reddish violet, lilac, blue-purple, or blue flowers in late spring, with yellow or white beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and Iris glaucescens became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it the main species, despite a slight colour difference.

Iris glaucescens
Iris glaucescens is a plant species in the genus Iris and subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, found in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has blue-grey sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem, and spring flowers in blue-violet, pale violet, lilac-purple, to deep purple, to light bluish, and almost white shades. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again, although some sources still call it a synonym of Iris scariosa.
Wang Baosen
Wang Baosen (Chinese: 王宝森; February 1935 – April 4, 1995) was a Chinese politician who served as Vice Mayor of Beijing. A close associate of the Beijing mayor and Politburo member Chen Xitong, Wang committed suicide in April 1995 when he came under investigation for embezzlement of public funds. His suicide led to the resignation and the eventual conviction of Chen on corruption charges.

Chen Xitong
Chen Xitong (Chinese: 陈希同; pinyin: Chén Xītóng; June 10, 1930 – June 2, 2013) was a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party and the Mayor of Beijing until he was removed from office on charges of corruption in 1995.
Quayside, Toronto
Quayside is a waterfront district Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located between Queens Quay East and Parliament Street. The 4.9 hectares (12 acres) site is owned by Waterfront Toronto, the City of Toronto and CreateTO (the city's real estate agency) and private landowners. In June 2023, Waterfront Toronto proposed a new master-planned mixed-use development of the former dockland and industrial site to succeed Sidewalk Toronto, an unrealised smart city proposed by Alphabet Inc. subsidiary Sidewalk Labs.

Waterfront Toronto
Waterfront Toronto (incorporated as the Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Corporation) is an organization that oversees revitalization projects along the Toronto waterfront. Established in 2001 as a public–public partnership between the City of Toronto, Province of Ontario and Government of Canada, the organization is administering several blocks of land redevelopment projects surrounding Toronto Harbour and various other initiatives to promote the revitalization of the area, including public transit, housing developments, brownfield rehabilitation, possible removal of the Gardiner Expressway in the area, the Martin Goodman Trail and lakeshore improvements, and naturalization of the Don River. Actual development of the projects is done by other entities, primarily private corporations. The projects include a series of wavedeck walkways and gathering places designed by West 8 and DTAH.
Montecristo (cigar)
Montecristo (Spanish pronunciation: [monteˈkɾisto]) is a brand of cigars and cigarettes produced separately and independently in Cuba by Habanos S.A., the national tobacco company, and in La Romana, Dominican Republic by Altadis, a subsidiary of British conglomerate Imperial Brands.

Habanos S.A.
Habanos S.A. is a Cuban manufacturing company of tobacco that controls the promotion, distribution, and export of premium cigars and other tobacco products for Cuba worldwide. It was established in 1994.

Ownership of Habanos S.A. is split equally between state-owned Cubatabaco and privately held Spanish-based tobacco giant Altadis. The company commercialises the brands Cohiba, Montecristo, Bolívar, and Romeo y Julieta, amongst others.
Central chemoreceptor
Central chemoreceptors are chemoreceptors beneath the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata which are highly sensitive to pH changes of nearby cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The functional significance of the receptors is indirect monitoring of blood levels of CO2, thus providing an important parameter for the regulation of ventilation to the nearby respiratory center. Central chemoreceptors are the primary generator of regulatory feedback information for respiration while blood gas levels are around normal.

Peripheral chemoreceptors meanwhile also directly monitor blood O2.

Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal. This signal may be in the form of an action potential, if the chemoreceptor is a neuron, or in the form of a neurotransmitter that can activate a nerve fiber if the chemoreceptor is a specialized cell, such as taste receptors, or an internal peripheral chemoreceptor, such as the carotid bodies. In physiology, a chemoreceptor detects changes in the normal environment, such as an increase in blood levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) or a decrease in blood levels of oxygen (hypoxia), and transmits that information to the central nervous system which engages body responses to restore homeostasis.

In bacteria, chemoreceptors are essential in the mediation of chemotaxis.
B. Joseph White
Bernard Joseph White (born April 6, 1947) is president emeritus of the University of Illinois and professor emeritus of business at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He is dean emeritus of the Stephen M. Ross School of Business and professor emeritus of business administration at the University of Michigan, where he also served as interim president, and Wilbur K. Pierpont Collegiate Professor of Leadership in Management Education. He is the author of The Nature of Leadership  and Boards That Excel: Candid Insights and Practical Advice for Directors. Boards That Excel was named Governance Book of the Year for 2014 by Directors and Boards.

Ross School of Business
The University of Michigan Ross School of Business (branded as Michigan Ross) is the business school of the University of Michigan, a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The school was originally established in 1924 as the School of Business Administration. Today, it offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as an executive education program. Michigan Ross also collaborates with other colleges and schools at the University of Michigan to offer dual degree programs. Additionally, the school's Executive Education program includes a Distinguished Leader Certificate. Michigan Ross maintains the tenth largest endowment among all business schools in the United States, with a total of US$435 million as of 2016.
Shard (character)
Shard Bishop is a mutant fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Shard was created by Scott Lobdell and John Romita Jr., and first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #314 (July 1994). She is a mutant with the ability to manipulate light into energy blasts.

Shard is the younger sister of the X-Man Bishop, hailing from a future where mutants are hunted or put into concentration camps. She is initially a member of the X.S.E., before joining the present day X-Factor as a hologram.

Shard appears in X-Men: The Animated Series, voiced by Sandi Ross.

Xavier's Security Enforcers
Xavier's Security Enforcers (also known as the XSE) are a superhero team/police force appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters are depicted as being from the fictional 2070s, a time ruled by mutant hunting/killing robots called Sentinels, who at this point in time had run amok, essentially ruling Earth in order to carry out their objective to protect humanity. The XSE is formed by Hecat'e in the fallout of the Gene War (a conflict first mentioned in X-Treme X-Men #4) and the Summers Rebellion, during which mutants and humans join forces to defeat the Sentinels.
KLF2
Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2), also known as lung Krüppel-like Factor (LKLF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF2 gene on chromosome 19. It is in the Krüppel-like factor family of zinc finger transcription factors, and it has been implicated in a variety of biochemical processes in the human body, including lung development, embryonic erythropoiesis, epithelial integrity, T-cell viability, and adipogenesis.

Kruppel-like factors
In molecular genetics, the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) are a set of eukaryotic Cys2His2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression. This family has been expanded to also include the Sp transcription factor and related proteins, forming the Sp/KLF family.
Upper Sheringham
Upper Sheringham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 26.8 miles (43.1 km) north-north-west of Norwich, 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Cromer and 132 miles (212 km) north-north-east of London. The village is 1.2 miles (1.9 km) from the town of Sheringham.

The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. Nearby road connections are the A149 King's Lynn to Great Yarmouth road to the north of the village and the A148 King's Lynn]to Cromer road just to the south. The parish of Upper Sheringham at the 2001 census had a population of 214, reducing slightly to 209 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.

Sheringham
Sheringham (/ˈʃɛrɪŋəm/; population 7,367) is a seaside town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The motto of the town, granted in 1953 to the Sheringham Urban District Council, is Mare Ditat Pinusque Decorat, Latin for "The sea enriches and the pine adorns".
Robert P. Knowles
Robert Pierce Knowles I (February 25, 1916 – November 3, 1985) was an American businessman and Republican politician.  He served 22 years in the Wisconsin State Senate (1955–1977), representing several counties in western Wisconsin.  He was the younger brother of Wisconsin Governor Warren P. Knowles (1965–1971).

Warren P. Knowles
Warren Perley Knowles III (August 19, 1908 – May 1, 1993) was an American lawyer and politician who was the 37th governor of Wisconsin from 1965 to 1971.  Prior to that, he was the 32nd and 34th lieutenant governor of Wisconsin, and represented St. Croix, Buffalo, Pepin, and Pierce Counties in the Wisconsin Senate for fourteen years.
HMS Cicala
HMS Cicala was an  Insect-class gunboat of the Royal Navy. She was built in 1915 for shallow water work, possibly on the Danube or in the Baltic Sea during the First World War.  Cicala was deployed to the Baltic for the 1918–19 British campaign against the Russian Bolsheviks. Whilst there her crew mutinied and refused to follow orders to attack a Russian shore battery.  The mutiny was quelled when Admiral  John Green threatened to open fire on Cicala; five men were sentenced to imprisonment by court-martial over the matter.  The gunboat afterwards served on the China station, acting against pirates.  She was at Hong Kong when the Japanese invaded in 1941 and provided fire support for the unsuccessful British defence.  On 21 December 1941, she was struck by Japanese bombs and was afterwards scuttled.

Insect-class gunboat
The Insect-class gunboats (or large China gunboats) were a class of small but well-armed Royal Navy ships designed for use in shallow rivers or inshore. They were intended for use on the Danube against Austria-Hungary (the China name was to disguise their function; however, they did see service on the Yangtze river in China). The first four ships—Gnat, Mantis, Moth and Tarantula—were first employed during the Mesopotamian Campaign of the First World War on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.
Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies
The Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies (CAWCS; Welsh: Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd) is a research institute located in Aberystwyth, Wales. The centre was established by the University of Wales in 1985, and works under the University of Wales Trinity Saint David.

The centre holds responsibility on managing the University of Wales Dictionary, one of the main dictionaries of the Welsh language. It also manages the Dictionary of Welsh Biography with the National Library of Wales, as well as various projects, such as those relating to the poets or manuscripts of Wales, and collaborating with institutions in other Celtic nations.

University of Wales Trinity Saint David
The University of Wales Trinity Saint David (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant) is a public university with campuses in Carmarthen, Swansea, Cardiff, Birmingham and London.

The university came into existence through the merger of the two oldest higher education institutions in Wales, the University of Wales, Lampeter (UWL) and Trinity University College (TUC) in 2010, under Lampeter's royal charter of 1828. In 2011, it was announced that the University of Wales would also merge into Trinity Saint David. On 1 August 2013 the university merged with Swansea Metropolitan University. King Charles III  has been patron of the university since 2011. The Vice-Chancellor has been Elwen Evans since June 2023.

The university also collaborated with the University of Malaya in 2013 to establish University of Malaya-Wales, a private university in Malaysia.
Gospel Oak
Gospel Oak is an area of north west London in the London Borough of Camden at the very south of Hampstead Heath. The neighbourhood is positioned between Hampstead to the north-west, Dartmouth Park to the north-east, Kentish Town to the south-east, and Belsize Park to the south-west. Gospel Oak lies across the NW5 and NW3 postcodes and is served by Gospel Oak station on the London Overground.

Dartmouth Park
Dartmouth Park is a district of north west London in the London Borough of Camden, 6.0 km (3.7 mi) north of Charing Cross. The area adjoins Highgate and Highgate Cemetery (to the north) and Kentish Town (to the south). Parliament Hill is to the west.

The nearest Underground stations are Tufnell Park and Archway, both on the Northern line. The nearest Overground station is Gospel Oak.
Macedonian Committee
The Macedonian Committee (Greek: Μακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Makedoniko Komitato), formally the Hellenic Macedonian Committee (Ελληνομακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Ellinomakedoniko Komitato), was a Greek revolutionary organization with the aim of liberating Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire (in the vilayets of Monastir and Salonika), active during the Macedonian Struggle that also included Bulgarian and Serb revolutionary organizations.

Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts that were mainly fought between Greek and Bulgarian subjects who lived in Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1912. From 1904 to 1908 the conflict was part of a wider guerrilla war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia and its Christian population. Particularly over the national affiliation of the Slavic population which was forced to declare themselves for either of the sides. Gradually the Greek and Bulgarian bands gained the upper hand. Though the conflict largely ceased by the Young Turk Revolution, it continued as a low intensity insurgency until the Balkan Wars.
6B3 ballistic vest
6B3 (Russian: 6Б3) is a ballistic vest of the Soviet Armed Forces. It was the first widely issued and mass produced ballistic vest rated to stop assault rifle rounds. It was created by NII Stali after Soviet troops in Afghanistan noted the lack of protection against rifle rounds that the 6B2 ballistic vest provided.

6B2 ballistic vest
6B2 (Russian: 6Б2) is a Soviet ballistic vest. It is the first serial mass issued body armor of the Soviet Armed Forces, designed on the eve of Soviet-Afghan war. It was introduced into service in 1981. Use of this vest decreased losses of Soviet troops and it became the basis for the further development of domestic personal protective equipment.
Case Histories
Case Histories (2004) is a detective novel by British author Kate Atkinson and is set in Cambridge, England. It introduces Jackson Brodie, a former police inspector and now private investigator. The plot revolves around three seemingly unconnected family tragedies – the disappearance of a three-year-old girl from a garden; the murder of a husband by his wife with an axe; and the apparently motiveless murder of a solicitor's daughter. Case Histories has been described as Atkinson's breakthrough, and she has since published five additional novels featuring Brodie: One Good Turn (2006), When Will There Be Good News? (2008), Started Early, Took My Dog (2010), Big Sky (2019) and Death at the Sign of the Rook (2024).

One Good Turn (novel)
One Good Turn (subtitled A Jolly Murder Mystery) is a 2006 crime novel by Kate Atkinson set in Edinburgh during the Festival. “People queuing for a lunchtime show witness a brutal road rage incident - an incident that changes the lives of everyone involved.” It is the second novel to feature former private investigator Jackson Brodie and is set two years after the earlier Case Histories.
Mack Sennett
Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American producer, director, actor, and studio head who was known as the "King of Comedy" during his career.

Born in Danville, Quebec, he started acting in films in the Biograph Company of New York City in 1908, and later opened Keystone Studios in Edendale, California in 1912. Keystone possessed the first fully enclosed film stage, and Sennett became famous as the originator of slapstick routines such as pie-throwing and car-chases, as seen in the Keystone Cops films. He also produced short features that displayed his Bathing Beauties, many of whom had  acting careers.

After struggling with bankruptcy and the dominance of sound films in the early 1930s, Sennett was presented with an honorary Academy Award in 1938 for his contributions to the film industry, with the academy describing him as a "master of fun, discoverer of stars, sympathetic, kindly, understanding comedy genius".

Keystone Cops
The Keystone Cops (often spelled "Keystone Kops") are fictional, humorously incompetent policemen featured in silent film slapstick comedies produced by Mack Sennett for his Keystone Film Company between 1912 and 1917.
Matthew 3:11
Matthew 3:11 is the eleventh verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse occurs in the section relating the preachings of John the Baptist. In this verse he predicts that he will be followed by someone much greater than himself. The main theme of this verse is that John will soon be supplanted by a much greater figure and that John's water baptism is just a preparation for the much greater baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire.

Baptism by fire
The phrase baptism by fire, baptism of fire or baptism with fire is a Christian theological concept originating from the words of John the Baptist in Matthew 3:11.

It also has related meanings in military history and popular culture.
Patterns of Global Terrorism
Patterns of Global Terrorism was a report published each year on or before April 30 by the United States Department of State.  It has since been renamed Country Reports on Terrorism. The Secretary of State is required by Congress to produce detailed assessments about

each foreign country in which acts of international terrorism occurred;

the extent to which foreign countries are cooperating with the U.S. in the apprehension, conviction, and punishment of terrorists;

the extent to which foreign countries are cooperating with the U.S. in the prevention of further acts of terrorism; and

activities of any terrorist group known to be responsible for the kidnapping or death of an American citizen.

The exact definition of the requirements are in Title 22, Section 2656f of the United States Code.

The only complete print edition—indexed, updated, and supplemented with maps and tables, 1985-2005—was published by Berkshire Publishing Group in 2005.

Country Reports on Terrorism
Country Reports on Terrorism is an annual report published by the United States Department of State. In 2005 it replaced the Patterns of Global Terrorism report, which had been released since 1985.

The report is published in accordance with Title 22, Section 2656(f) of the United States Code, which requires the Secretary of State to submit to Congress an annual report on terrorism.
Katra, Jammu and Kashmir
Katra or Vaishno Devi is a city and Tehsil in the Reasi district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated at the foot of the Trikuta Mountains, where the shrine of Vaishno Devi is located. Katra is located 24 km (15 mi) from the town of Reasi, 42 km (26 mi) from the city of Jammu and around 685 km (426 mi) north of the national capital New Delhi and is the base for pilgrims visiting the Mata Vaishno Devi Temple.

Vaishno Devi Temple
Vaishno Devi Temple, also known as the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Temple and Vaishno Devi Bhavan, is a Hindu temple in Katra, Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Dedicated to Vaishno Devi, a manifestation of godesses Mahakali, Mahalakshmi, and Mahasarasvati, it is on Trikuta mountain at an elevation of 5,200 feet (1,500 meters). The Shakti tradition considers it to be a Shakti Pitha. The temple is 43 km from the main city of Jammu and 29 km from the district headquarters Reasi town. The temple is governed by the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board (SMVDSB) and has been chaired by the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir since August 1986.

It is one of the most popular Hindu pilgrimage sites in India, with millions of devotees visiting the temple annually. In 2023 SMVDSB reported 9.52 million pilgrims.