hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government of Penang
The Government of Penang refers to the government authority of the Malaysian state of Penang. The state government adheres to and is created by both the Malaysian federal constitution, the supreme law of Malaysia, and the constitution of Penang, the supreme law in Penang. The government of Penang is based in the state's capital city of George Town.

The state government consists of only two branches - executive and legislative. The Penang State Executive Council forms the executive branch, whilst the Penang State Legislative Assembly is the legislature of the state government. Penang's head of government is the chief minister. The state government does not have a judiciary branch, as Malaysia's judicial system is a federalised system operating uniformly throughout the country.

Penang State Executive Council
The Penang State Executive Council is the executive branch of the Penang state government. It is headed by the chief minister, who is appointed by the governor, Penang's head of state. The council also comprises between four and ten other members of the Penang State Legislative Assembly, along with ex officio civil servants – namely the state secretary, the state legal adviser and the state financial officer.

While smaller in size, the Penang State Executive Council is similar in structure and function to the Malaysian federal cabinet. Federal and state responsibilities vary, resulting in portfolios that vary between the two levels of government. The Executive Council is collectively accountable to the Penang State Legislative Assembly.
Lost River Cave
Lost River Cave is a seven-mile cave system located in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The Lost River originates outside of the cave and flows into it. The cave contains one of the largest natural entrances in the Eastern U.S. Boat tours are available year-round, but closed for Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day. The river was once listed by Ripley's Believe it or Not as the "Shortest, deepest river in the world" because the blue hole is over 437 feet deep, while the river itself is only 400 feet long. In fact, the blue hole is only 15 feet deep, but is linked to a further underground river. The 72-acre cave property is jointly owned by Western Kentucky University and the non-profit Friends of Lost River Cave.

Bowling Green, Kentucky
Bowling Green is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 72,294 as of the  2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the state, after Louisville and Lexington. The Bowling Green metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in the state and had a population of 179,639 in 2020.

Founded by pioneers in 1798, Bowling Green was the provisional capital of Confederate Kentucky during the American Civil War. In the 21st century, it is the location of numerous manufacturers, including General Motors, Spalding, and Fruit of the Loom. The Bowling Green Assembly Plant has been the source of all Chevrolet Corvettes built since 1981. Bowling Green is also home to Western Kentucky University (or WKU for short), and the National Corvette Museum.
Mongol invasions of Korea
A series of campaigns were conducted between 1231 and 1270 by the Mongol Empire against the Korean kingdom of Goryeo. The last campaign concluded with a peace treaty with Goryeo becoming a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty, a relationship that lasted for approximately 80 years. Korea and the Song Dynasty of China put up a greater amount of "stubborn resistance" towards the Mongol invasions than many others in Eurasia who were swiftly crushed by the Mongols at a lightning pace.

The Yuan dynasty extracted wealth and tributes from the Goryeo kings. Despite their submission to the Yuan dynasty, internal conflicts among Goryeo's royalty and rebellions against Yuan rule continued, with the most notable being the Sambyeolcho Rebellion.

Sambyeolcho Rebellion
The Sambyeolcho Rebellion (1270–1273) was a Korean rebellion against the pro-Mongol Goryeo dynasty that happened near the end of the Mongol invasions of Korea. It was suppressed by Goryeo and the Mongol Yuan dynasty. After the rebellion, Goryeo became a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty.
Violet Town
Violet Town is a town in northeastern Victoria, Australia.  The town is in the Shire of Strathbogie local government area, 174 kilometres (108 mi) northeast of the state capital, Melbourne on the Hume Highway.  At the 2021 census, Violet Town had a population of 936.

The town is on Honeysuckle Creek and has many early streets named after flowers, e.g. Lily Street, Rose Street, Orchid Street, Tulip Street, and Iris Lane.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
Castel Benito
Castel Benito (called originally in Italian "Tripoli-Castel Benito aeroporto") was an airport of Tripoli created by the Italians in Italian Libya in the early 1930s. It was called RAF Castel Benito by the Allies after 1943.

RAF Castel Benito
RAF Castel Benito (called originally in Italian "Tripoli-Castel Benito Airport") was an airport of Tripoli created by the Italians in Italian Libya. Originally, it was a small military airport named Castel Benito, but it was enlarged in the late 1930s and was later used by the British RAF after 1943. It was called RAF Castel Benito by the Allies.

RAF Castel Benito (later RAF Idris) was a Royal Air Force station near Tripoli in Libya between 1943 and 1966.
Stena Line
Stena Line is a Swedish shipping line company and one of the world's largest ferry operators. It services Denmark, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland and Sweden. Stena Line is a major unit of Stena AB, itself a part of the Stena Sphere. It is a sister company to Stena Bulk, one of largest tanker companies in the world.

Stena Sphere
The Stena Sphere consists of the three parent companies, Stena AB, Stena Sessan AB and Stena Metall AB, wholly owned by the Olsson family. Together they make up one of Sweden’s largest family-owned corporate groups. The group’s revenue is 96 billion SEK and profit before tax for FY2023-24 is 4.3 billion SEK. CEO of the group is Dan Sten Olsson.
Andrew Cunanan
Andrew Phillip Cunanan (August 31, 1969 – July 23, 1997) was an American spree killer who murdered five people over three months from April 27 to July 15, 1997. His victims include Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace and Chicago real estate developer Lee Miglin, as well as his former boyfriend David Madson and friend Jeffery Trail. Cunanan killed himself on July 23, 1997, eight days after murdering Versace.

Lee Miglin
Lee Albert Miglin (July 12, 1924 – May 4, 1997) was an American businessman. After starting his career as a door-to-door salesman and then broker, Miglin became a successful real estate developer. He was an early developer of business parks. His firm, at one point, proposed the construction of the Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle, which was planned to be the tallest building in the world. Miglin was murdered in his home in May 1997 as part of a murder spree by Andrew Cunanan.
Acanthophis
Acanthophis is a genus of elapid snakes commonly referred to as death adders. They are native to Australia, New Guinea and nearby islands, and are among the most venomous snakes in the world. Despite their common name and resemblance to many species of vipers, they belong to a different family, the Elapidae.

Eight species are listed by ITIS, though it remains unclear how many species this genus includes, with figures ranging from 4 to 15 species being quoted.

Elapidae
Elapidae (/əˈlæpədiː/, commonly known as elapids /ˈɛləpɪdz/, from Ancient Greek: ἔλαψ élaps, variant of ἔλλοψ éllops "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus Emydocephalus. Many members of this family exhibit a threat display of rearing upwards while spreading out a neck flap. Elapids are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas and marine forms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Members of the family have a wide range of sizes, from the 18 cm (7.1 in) white-lipped snake to the 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) king cobra. Most species have neurotoxic venom that is channeled by their hollow fangs, and some may contain other toxic components in varying proportions. The family includes 55 genera with around 360 species and over 170 subspecies.
Primal Fear (band)
Primal Fear is a German power metal band formed in 1997 by Ralf Scheepers (vocals, ex-Gamma Ray) and Mat Sinner (bass and vocals, Sinner). Sinner and Scheepers formed the band after Scheepers was not hired as Rob Halford's replacement in Judas Priest.

Gamma Ray (band)
Gamma Ray is a German power metal band from Hamburg, founded and fronted by Kai Hansen after his departure from power metal band Helloween, in 1989. He is the band's lead vocalist, guitarist and chief songwriter. Between 1990 and 2014, Gamma Ray recorded eleven studio albums.
Abdul Aziz (Indonesian politician)
Abdul Aziz (born 4 June 1970) is an Indonesian politician who served as a member of the People's Representative Council from the United Development Party between 2018 and 2019. He was appointed by his party in 2018 to the position to replace the resigning Dimyati Natakusumah.

Dimyati Natakusumah
Achmad Dimyati Natakusumah (born 17 September 1966) is an Indonesian politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives between 2009–2018 and 2019–2024. Natakusumah was also the regent of Pandeglang Regency between 2000 and 2009.

Throughout his legislative career, he briefly served as the deputy speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly, and had been made a suspect in a bribery case although found not guilty. He was initially part of the United Development Party, but he moved to the Prosperous Justice Party in late 2017.
Admiralty Islands
The Admiralty Islands are an archipelago group of 40 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean. These are also sometimes known as the Manus Islands, after the largest island of the chain.

These rainforest-covered islands constitute Manus Province, the smallest and least-populous province of Papua New Guinea, in its Islands Region. The total area is 2,100 km2 (810 sq mi). The province had a population of 60,485 at the 2011 Census. Many of the smaller Admiralty Islands are atolls and uninhabited.

Bismarck Archipelago
The Bismarck Archipelago (German: Bismarck-Archipel, pronounced [ˈbɪsmaʁk ˌaʁçiˈpeːl]) is a group of islands located just off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi).
Where I'm Headed
"Where I'm Headed" is the eight track on Norwegian singer-songwriter Lene Marlin's debut studio album, Playing My Game (1999). Written by Marlin and produced by Hans G and Jørn Dahl, the song was released as the album's third single in late 1999 following Marlin's international breakthrough hit, "Sitting Down Here".

Despite not charting in Marlin's native Norway, the single became a top-10 success in Finland, France, and Italy, peaking at numbers seven, five, and two, respectively. In France, it became Marlin's highest-charting single, earned a gold sales certification, and was ranked number 38 on the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) year-end chart for 1999, selling 300,000 copies there by January 2000. When released in the United Kingdom in 2001, it peaked at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart.

Sitting Down Here
"Sitting Down Here" is a song written by Norwegian singer-songwriter Lene Marlin for her 1999 debut album, Playing My Game. The song is the album's opening track and was released as its second single in February 1999, peaking at number two on the Norwegian Singles Chart. It also peaked within the top 10 in Finland, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The song is certified gold in Norway and the United Kingdom.
Arunachala
Arunachala (IAST: Aruṇācalam [əɾʊˈɳaːtʃələ], 'Red Mountain') is a hill in Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, and one of the five main Shaiva holy places in South India. The Arunachalesvara Temple to Shiva is located at the base of the hill. The hill is also known by the names Annamalai, Annamalaiyar Hill, Arunagiri, Arunachalam, Arunai, Sonagiri, and Sonachalam.

Every year in the Tamil month of Kārttikai (November–December), the Kārttikai tīpam light is lit atop the hill.

It is also an important place for devotees of Ramana Maharshi, with Sri Ramana Ashram situated at its foothills.

Sri Ramana Ashram
Sri Ramanashram, also known as Sri Ramanasramam, is the ashram which was home to modern sage and Advaita master Ramana Maharshi from 1922 until his death in 1950. It is situated at the foot of the Arunachala hill, to the west of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, where thousands of seekers flocked to be in his presence. His samadhi shrine continues to attract devotees from all over the world.
Ciarán
Ciarán (Irish spelling) or Ciaran (Scottish Gaelic spelling) is a  traditionally male given name of Irish and Scottish origin. It means "little dark one" or "little dark-haired one", produced by appending a diminutive suffix to ciar ("black", "dark"). It is the masculine version of the name Ciara.

The name became common in reference to Ciar, son of Fergus mac Róich, who gave his name to the Ciarraige and County Kerry, and two early Irish saints both counted among the Twelve Apostles of Ireland: Ciarán the Elder and Ciarán the Younger.

It is anglicised in various ways: Ciaran, Kieran, Keiran, Keiron, Keiren, Keerun, Kiran, etc.

According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Kierans were the chiefly family of the Cíarraige tribe who in turn were from the Dumnonii or Laigin who were the third wave of Celts to settle in Ireland during the first century BC.

The name can also be found in the Irish surname of O'Keiran, meaning "descendant of Ciarán".

Ciara (given name)
Ciara (/ˈkɪərə/ KEER-ə) is a popular Irish language female name and was tenth on the list of most popular names given to baby girls in Ireland in 2006. It is the feminine version of the name Ciarán, meaning "dark-haired", and was also the name of Saint Ciara, a seventh-century Irish saint venerated by the Roman Catholic Church. The name is often anglicized as Keira, Kiara, or Kiera.
CC Amfi
CC Amfi, also known as Nordlyshallen ("The Northern Light Hall"), is an indoor sports arena in Hamar, Norway. It is mostly used for ice hockey and is the home arena of Storhamar Hockey. It has also been used for short track speed skating, figure skating, handball, events and concerts. The venue has a capacity for 7,000 spectators and was built for the 1994 Winter Olympics, where it was used for short track speed skating and figure skating. Other major events held at the arena include the 1999 IIHF World Championship in ice hockey, the 1999 World Women's Handball Championship, the 2012 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships and the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.

Construction of CC Amfi started in August 1991 and it was inaugurated on 25 November 1992, with construction costing 83 million Norwegian krone (NOK). The venues are owned by Hamar Olympiske Anlegg, a subsidiary of Hamar Municipality.

Storhamar Hockey
Storhamar Hockey, often referred to by its initials SIL, is a Norwegian ice hockey team based in Hamar, Norway. The club currently plays in the EliteHockey Ligaen, the highest level of Norwegian hockey. The club has won eight regular season titles and seven national championships since its founding on 18 March 1957. Storhamar play their home games in the CC Amfi. The club also includes the largest junior department in Norwegian ice hockey. The team colours are yellow and blue.
Karl, Prince of Leiningen (1898–1946)
Karl, Prince of Leiningen (German: Friedrich Karl Eduard Erwin Fürst zu Leiningen; 13 February 1898 – 2 August 1946) was a German military officer and the eldest surviving son of Emich, Prince of Leiningen. Upon his father's death in 1939, he became the sixth Prince of Leiningen.

Emich, Prince of Leiningen
Emich, Prince of Leiningen (German: Emich Eduard Carl Fürst zu Leiningen; 18 January 1866 – 18 July 1939) was the son of Ernst, Prince of Leiningen. He was the fifth Prince of Leiningen from 1904 to 1918, and afterwards titular Prince of Leiningen from 1918 until his death.
Andreas Karantinos
Andreas Karantinos (Greek: Ανδρέας Καραντινός; 1680 – 1740), also known as Andreas Karandinos, was a Greek Renaissance painter, educator and goldsmith.  He was from Kefalonia. He was a member of the Heptanese school. His artwork is reflective of the time period.  His teacher was famous painter Stephanos Tzangarolas. He adapted his style.  Karandinos also emulated the Cretan masters such as Michael Damaskinos. Many Greek painters emulated one other. Karandinos also taught famous Greek painter Konstantinos Kokkinos and several others.  Many of his works are in Greece mostly on the island of Kefalonia.  Twenty two of his work survived and one fresco.  The fresco is of the Second Coming or the Last Judgement. The fresco is located in the church of Evagelastria in Kastro Kefalonia.

Stephanos Tzangarolas
Stephanos Tzangarolas (Greek: Στέφανος Τζαγκαρόλας, 1660-1675 – 1710) also known as Stephano Tzangarola.  He was a Greek painter during the late Cretan Renaissance.  He migrated from Crete to the island of Corfu.  He is a member of the  Heptanese School and the  Cretan Renaissance.  His contemporaries at the time were Panagiotis Doxaras, Theodore Poulakis and Elias Moskos.  His artwork began to reflect the transition of the classical maniera greca of Crete to the more refined style of the Ionian Islands.  His style resembles the transition of Gentile da Fabriano and Fra Angelico from the maniera greca to their respective styles.  Tzangarolas paintings influenced countless artists both Italian and Greek.  Some artists that reflect his style include Spyridon Sperantzas and Georgios Kastrofylakas.  His paintings can be found all over Greece mainly Athens and the Ionian Islands.  Some of his work is in Cairo and London.  His student was famous Greek painter Andreas Karantinos.
Kʼicheʼ people
Kʼicheʼ  (pronounced [kʼiˈtʃeʔ]; previous Spanish spelling: Quiché) are Indigenous peoples of the Americas and are one of the Maya peoples. The eponymous Kʼicheʼ language is a Mesoamerican language in the Mayan language family. The highland Kʼicheʼ states in the pre-Columbian era are associated with the ancient Maya civilization, and reached the peak of their power and influence during the Mayan Postclassic period (c. 950–1539 AD).

The meaning of the word Kʼicheʼ in the Kʼicheʼ language is "many trees". The Nahuatl translation, Cuauhtēmallān "Place of the Many Trees (People)", is the origin of the word Guatemala. Quiché Department is also named after them. Rigoberta Menchú Tum, an activist for Indigenous rights who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992, is perhaps the best-known Kʼicheʼ person.

Quiché Department
Quiché (Spanish pronunciation: [kiˈtʃe]) is a department of Guatemala. It is in the heartland of the Kʼicheʼ (Quiché) people, one of the Maya peoples, to the north-west of Guatemala City. The capital is Santa Cruz del Quiché. The word Kʼicheʼ comes from the language of the same name, which means "many trees".
Pendle Express
The Pendle Express is a weekly newspaper published every Tuesday for readers in the borough of Pendle, East Lancashire, England. It is edited from offices of the Burnley Express, to coincide with the midweek edition of that newspaper.

Other sister newspapers are the Burnley Express, published every Tuesday and Friday, Padiham Express, published every Tuesday and Friday, Clitheroe Advertiser and Times, published every Thursday and Nelson Leader, Colne Times and Barnoldswick and Earby Times, all published every Friday. All of these titles are owned by Johnston Press, of Edinburgh.

In 2003, the Pendle Express had approximately 39,000 readers, incorporated with the Tuesday edition of the Burnley Express.

Burnley Express
The Burnley Express is a newspaper for Burnley and Padiham, England and surrounding area. It is printed twice weekly, on Tuesday and Friday, which is the larger edition. In print since 1877, it is now part of the group National World. One variant is the Padiham Express, with the first few pages being specific to Padiham. Much of the content is also available, on the website of the newspaper.
Birger, King of Sweden
Birger Magnusson (c. 1280 – after 31 May 1321) was King of Sweden from 1290 until his deposition in 1318.  
The son of King Magnus Ladulås and Queen Helvig of Holstein, Birger was crowned at a young age and ruled with the support of his father’s allies and his Danish consort, Märta Eriksdotter, daughter of King Erik V Klipping.  
His reign was dominated by conflict with his brothers, Dukes Erik and Valdemar Magnusson, who sought greater power within the realm.  
In 1306, they rebelled and imprisoned him during the Håtuna game, but Birger later regained authority.  
In 1317, he struck back by capturing his brothers at the so-called Nyköping Banquet, where they died in captivity.  
The event provoked a widespread uprising that forced Birger to flee Sweden in 1318.  
He spent the rest of his life in exile in Denmark, and his rule effectively ended with his departure.  
His eldest son, Magnus, was executed two years later following his capture by his father’s opponents.

Martha of Denmark
Martha of Denmark (after 1277 – 2 March or 3 October 1341) was Queen of Sweden by marriage to King Birger. She was the daughter of King Eric V of Denmark and sister of King Eric VI. She was given the name Margrete at birth, but in Sweden was called Märta, and has been known to history by that name. She was a politically influential queen and an important figure in the Håtuna games and the Nyköping Banquet.
TA cloning
TA cloning (also known as rapid cloning or T cloning) is a subcloning technique that avoids the use of restriction enzymes and is easier and quicker than traditional subcloning. The technique relies on the ability of adenine (A) and thymine (T) (complementary basepairs) on different DNA fragments to hybridize and, in the presence of ligase, become ligated together. PCR products are usually amplified using Taq DNA polymerase which preferentially adds an adenine to the 3' end of the product. Such PCR amplified inserts are cloned into linearized vectors that have complementary 3' thymine overhangs.

Subcloning
In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular DNA sequence from a parent vector to a destination vector.

Subcloning is not to be confused with molecular cloning, a related technique.