hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department of Health (Ireland)
The Department of Health (Irish: An Roinn Sláinte) is a department of the Government of Ireland. The department's mission is to "support, protect and empower individuals, families and their communities to achieve their full health potential by putting health at the centre of public policy and by leading the development of high quality, equitable and efficient health and personal social services." The department is led by the Minister for Health.

Brian Cowen, a former minister for health, referred to it as "Angola" clarifying "just when you've cleared one land mine another goes off".

Minister for Health (Ireland)
The Minister for Health (Irish: An tAire Sláinte) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Health. The Minister for Health is responsible for healthcare in Ireland and related services.

The current Minister for Health is Jennifer Carroll MacNeill, TD. She is assisted by:

Mary Butler, TD – Minister of State for mental health

Jennifer Murnane O'Connor, TD – Minister of State for public health, well-being and drugs; and

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State for older people
J.A.R.V.I.S.
J.A.R.V.I.S. (/ˈdʒɑːrvɪs/ Just a Rather Very Intelligent System) is a character voiced by Paul Bettany in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film franchise, based on the Marvel Comics characters Edwin Jarvis and H.O.M.E.R., respectively the household butler of the Stark family and another AI designed by Stark. J.A.R.V.I.S. is an artificial intelligence created by Tony Stark, who later controls his Iron Man and Hulkbuster armor for him. In Avengers: Age of Ultron, after being partially destroyed by Ultron, J.A.R.V.I.S. is given physical form as the character Vision, physically portrayed by Bettany. Different versions of the character also appear in comics published by Marvel Comics, depicted as A.I. designed by Iron Man and Nadia van Dyne.

Edwin Jarvis
Edwin Jarvis is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Jarvis is most often depicted as a supporting character in the titles Iron Man and The Avengers. He is the loyal household butler of the Stark family. Since the 1990s, the character has appeared heavily in media adaptations of Iron Man and Avengers stories.

In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the character serves as the basis for an artificial intelligence known as J.A.R.V.I.S. voiced by Paul Bettany, while Edwin Jarvis himself was portrayed by James D'Arcy in the ABC television series Agent Carter (2015-2016), the film Avengers: Endgame (2019), and the Disney+ series What If...? (2024) and VisionQuest (2026).
Aiyanar
Aiyanar (IAST: Aiyaṉār, Tamil: ஐயனார்) is a Tamil Hindu folk deity venerated in South India and Sri Lanka. His worship is prevalent amongst rural Tamil people. Some studies suggest that Ayyanar may have also been worshipped in Southeast Asian countries in the past. He is primarily worshipped as one of the village deities of Tamil Nadu. Temples to Aiyanar in the countryside are usually flanked by gigantic colourful statues of him and his companions riding horses or elephants.

Village deities of South India
The village deities of Southern India are the numerous spirits and other beings venerated as part of the Dravidian folk tradition in villages throughout South India. These deities, mainly goddesses, are intimately associated with the well-being of the village, and can have either benevolent or violent tendencies. These deities are presently in various stages of syncretism or assimilation with mainstream Hindu traditions.

These deities have been linked back to common Indus Valley civilisation imagery, and are hypothesised to represent the prevailing Dravidian folk religion at the time. The worship of these deities at many times do not conform to the common tenets of Vedic traditions, especially in customs of animal sacrifice, the inclusion of the priesthood class, and iconography; yet at the same time it is difficult to completely extricate Vedic traditions from the worship.
Mount Royal Station (Maryland Institute College of Art)
The Mount Royal Station is a historic building in Baltimore, Maryland, which was the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's third train station in Baltimore, Maryland, and is now part of the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) campus. The station was at the north end of the Baltimore Belt Line's Howard Street tunnel in the Bolton Hill neighborhood. It was the first railroad station in the world to have electrified passenger trains when it opened on September 1, 1896, serving the B&O's famed Royal Blue line.  Following its closure as a railroad station in 1961, it became part of the Maryland Institute College of Art, where it now houses the Middendorf Gallery, as well as studio and classroom space for the university's sculpture and fiber departments.

Maryland Institute College of Art
The Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is a private art and design college in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1826 as the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, it is regarded as one of the oldest art colleges in the United States.

MICA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of US art schools. The college hosts pre-college, post-baccalaureate, continuing studies, Master of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Fine Arts programs, as well as young peoples' studio art classes.
Coker v. Georgia
Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977) was a United States Supreme Court decision which held that the death penalty for rape of an adult was grossly disproportionate and excessive punishment, and therefore unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

The "evolving standards of decency" test has since been applied in other cases including Atkins v. Virginia (overturning Penry v. Lynaugh) Stanford v. Kentucky, and Roper v. Simmons.

Because only a few states continued to have child rape statutes that authorized the death penalty, the Court applied the "evolving standards of decency" review in Kennedy v. Louisiana (2008) to expand Coker, ruling that the death penalty is unconstitutional for the rape of a child where there was no intention to kill the child.

Roper v. Simmons
Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005), is a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes committed while under the age of 18. The 5–4 decision overruled Stanford v. Kentucky, in which the court had upheld execution of offenders at or above age 16, and overturned statutes in 19 states.
Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
Rudolph Augustus (16 May 1627 – 26 January 1704), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled as Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1666 until his death. In 1685 he made his younger brother Anthony Ulrich co-ruler.

Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick
Anthony Ulrich (German: Anton Ulrich; 4 October 1633 – 27 March 1714), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1685 until 1702 jointly with his elder brother Rudolph Augustus, and solely from 1704 until his death. He was one of the main proponents of enlightened absolutism among the Brunswick dukes.
Kruisem
Kruisem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkrœysəm]) is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders that was established on 1 January 2019 from the merging of the municipalities of Kruishoutem and Zingem.

The merged municipality has an area of 71.59 km2 (27.64 sq mi) and a population of 15,876 people as of 2022. The municipality consists of the deelgemeentes Huise, Kruishoutem, Nokere, Ouwegem, Wannegem-Lede and Zingem.

Kruishoutem
Kruishoutem (Dutch: [krœysˈɦʌutəm]; French: Cruyshautem, also used in English) is a village and was a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprised the towns of Kruishoutem proper, Nokere and Wannegem-Lede. In January 2018, the municipality of Kruishoutem had a total population of 8,086. The total area is 46.76 km2. On 1 January 2019, Kruishoutem and Zingem merged into the new municipality of Kruisem.

The SONS Museum is located in Kruisem.
Desingu Raja 2
Desingu Raja 2 is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film written and directed by S. Ezhil. The film is produced by P. Ravichandran under the banner Infinity Creations. It is a namesake sequel to the 2013 film Desingu Raja, starring Vimal and Jana Nathan in the lead, alongside Pujita Ponnada and Harshitha as the female leads.

Desingu Raja 2 released on 11 July 2025 to negative reviews from both critics and audiences as well.

Desingu Raja
Desingu Raja is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by S. Ezhil, and produced by P. Madan under the banner Escape Artists Motion Pictures. Starring Vimal and Bindu Madhavi, it also features Soori, Singampuli and Ravi Mariya, playing supporting roles. The film is set in two villages which are perpetually at conflict with one another.

The film had been extensively shot in Thanjavur, Kumbakonam and Chennai. The music is scored by D. Imman, while Sooraj Nallusami, and Gopi Krishna were the cinematographer and editor respectively. The film was released on 23 August 2013.
First Hawke ministry
The first Hawke ministry (Labor) was the 54th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 23rd Prime Minister, Bob Hawke. The first Hawke ministry succeeded the Fourth Fraser ministry, which dissolved on 11 March 1983 following the federal election that took place on 5 March which saw Labor defeat Malcolm Fraser's Liberal–National Coalition. The ministry was replaced by the second Hawke ministry on 13 December 1984 following the 1984 federal election.

As of 21 October 2023, Ralph Willis, Paul Keating, Gareth Evans and John Dawkins are the last surviving members of Cabinet of the first Hawke ministry.

Second Hawke ministry
The second Hawke ministry (Labor) was the 55th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 23rd Prime Minister, Bob Hawke. The second Hawke ministry succeeded the first Hawke ministry, which dissolved on 13 December 1984 following the federal election that took place on 1 December. The ministry was replaced by the third Hawke ministry on 24 July 1987 following the 1987 federal election.
Giulia Zardini Lacedelli
Giulia Zardini Lacedelli (born 29 January 2003 in Pieve di Cadore) is an Italian curler from Cortina d'Ampezzo. She currently plays lead on the Italian national women's curling team, skipped by Stefania Constantini.

Stefania Constantini
Stefania Constantini (born 15 April 1999) is an Italian curler from Cortina d'Ampezzo. She currently skips the Italian National Women's Curling Team. She has competed in five World Women's Championships, four World Mixed Doubles Championships and seven European Championships. She won a silver medal at the 2023 European Curling Championships, a bronze medal at the 2017 European Curling Championships, a gold medal in mixed doubles at the 2022 Beijing Olympics, and a bronze medal in mixed doubles at the 2026 Winter Olympics.
Ulla von Höpken
Ulrika Eleonora "Ulla" von Höpken (née von Fersen; later von Wright; 24 March 1749 – 17 September 1810), was a Swedish countess and courtier. She is also famous in history as one of "the three graces" of the Gustavian age; three ladies-in-waiting (Augusta von Fersen, von Höpken and Louise Meijerfeldt) immortalized in the poem "Gracernas döpelse" by Johan Henric Kellgren. She was a leading socialite and trendsetter in contemporary Sweden, and one of the best known personalities of the Gustavian age.

Louise Meijerfeldt
Lovisa Augusta "Louise" Meijerfeldt (née Sparre af Sundby; 12 September 1745 – 16 September 1817), was a Swedish noble and courtier. She is famous in history as one of "the three graces" of the Gustavian age; three ladies-in-waiting (Augusta von Fersen, Ulla von Höpken and Louise Meijerfeldt) immortalized in the poem "Gracernas döpelse" by Johan Henric Kellgren, and known profiles of the epoch.
Deadly Heat
Deadly Heat is the fifth novel in Richard Castle's series about NYPD homicide detective Nikki Heat and journalist Jameson Rook. It was released on September 17, 2013. The novel is published by Hyperion Books in collaboration with ABC. ABC produces the TV series Castle where the main character, Richard Castle, to whom the book is credited, shadows NYPD Detective Kate Beckett.

Richard Castle
Richard Edgar "Rick" Castle (born Richard Alexander Rodgers) is a fictional character on the ABC crime series Castle. He is portrayed by Nathan Fillion.

The name Richard Castle is also used as a pseudonym under which a set of real books about the characters Derrick Storm and Nikki Heat, based on the books mentioned in the television series, are written. These books have achieved success, becoming New York Times bestsellers. Actor Nathan Fillion appears as the face of Richard Castle on the books and on the official website, and participates in book signings. The Castle book series was actually written/ghost-written by screenwriter Tom Straw.
The Wyre
107.2 The Wyre was an Independent Local Radio station serving Kidderminster, Bewdley, Stourport-on-Severn, Stourbridge and Bromsgrove in England. The station was owned by MNA Broadcasting but was sold to UTV Media and merged on Monday 26 March 2012 with The Severn and 107.7 The Wolf to form Signal 107, a station also serving the Wolverhampton, Shropshire and north Worcestershire area.

The Severn (radio station)
52°42′00″N 2°31′12″W﻿ / ﻿52.69997°N 2.519917°W﻿ / 52.69997; -2.519917

The Severn was an Independent Local Radio station serving north & central Shropshire and the Telford & Wrekin area. The station was owned by MNA Broadcasting but was sold to UTV Media and merged on Monday 26 March 2012 with The Wyre and 107.7 The Wolf to form Signal 107, a station serving the Wolverhampton, Shropshire and north Worcestershire area.
Barakoni wine
Barakoni (Georgian: ბარაკონი) red wine is originated on the steep slopes of the Rioni gorge in the mountainous western region of Racha (modern-day Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti) in Georgia. This wine, made from Aleksandrouli and Mudzhuretuli grapes (the same grapes from which Khvanchkara is made), is naturally semi-dry.  Barakoni contains 10-12% alcohol, 1.5-2.5% sugar and has 5-7% titrated acidity.

Produced since 1981, Barakoni wine is named after the Georgian Orthodox Barakoni Church of the Mother of God (Georgian: ბარაკონის ღვთისმშობლის ტაძარი), commonly known as Barakoni (ბარაკონი). It is an important surviving example of the medieval tradition of Georgian architecture.

Georgian wine
Georgia is one of the oldest wine-producing countries in the world. The fertile valleys and protective slopes of the South Caucasus were home to grapevine cultivation and neolithic wine production (Georgian: ღვინო, ɣvino) for at least 8000 years. Due to millennia of winemaking and the prominent economic role it retains in Georgia to the present day, wine and viticulture are entwined with Georgia's national identity.

In 2013, UNESCO added the ancient traditional Georgian winemaking method using the Kvevri clay jars to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. The best-known Georgian wine regions are in the country's east, such as Kakheti (further divided into the micro-regions of Telavi and Kvareli) and Kartli, but also in Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and coastal areas like Adjara and Abkhazia.
Out of Paradise
"Out of Paradise" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in December 1904 by Collier's Weekly in New York, and in January 1905 by Pall Mall Magazine in London. The story was also included as the first story in the collection A Thief in the Night, published by Chatto & Windus in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1905.

A Thief in the Night (short story collection)
A Thief in the Night is a 1905 collection of short stories by E. W. Hornung. It was published in the UK by Chatto & Windus, London, and in the US by Scribner's, New York.

The stories feature Hornung's popular character A. J. Raffles. It was the third book in the series, and the final collection of short stories. In it, Raffles, a gentleman thief, commits a number of burglaries in late Victorian England.

A full-length Raffles novel, Mr. Justice Raffles, would follow in 1909.
Lambert (unit)
The lambert (symbol L) is a non-SI metric unit of luminance named for Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777), a Swiss mathematician, physicist and astronomer. A related unit of luminance, the foot-lambert, is used in the lighting, cinema and flight simulation industries. The SI unit is the candela per square metre (cd/m2).

Candela per square metre
The candela per square metre (symbol: cd/m2) is the unit of luminance in the International System of Units (SI). The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area.

The nit (symbol: nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nt = 1 cd/m2). The term nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitēre, "to shine".

As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. The sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. Typically, monitors calibrated for SDR broadcast or studio color grading should have a brightness of 100 cd/m2. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m2. HDR displays range from around 400 to 2500 cd/m2.
Henrietta Stakesby Lewis
Henrietta Stakesby Lewis (née Schreiner; also known as "Sister Schreiner"; 1850–1912) was a South African temperance leader. She was associated with the Independent Order of Good Templars (IOGT) and Bands of Hope. Lewis was instrumental in inspiring her brother, the legislator, Theophilus Lyndall Schreiner, to the temperance cause.

Theophilus Lyndall Schreiner
Theophilus Lyndall Schreiner (1844-1920) was a South African educator, legislator, and temperance leader. During his 45 years of active service in the cause of temperance reform, Schreiner received no salary or pecuniary remuneration whatever. He was extremely well-liked and well-received by all denominations, and while on his lecture-tours throughout central South Africa, he spoke from the pulpits of many different churches.
Khuman martial traditions
Khuman martial traditions or Khuman warrior traditions (ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯂꯥꯜꯂꯣꯡ) refer to the code, customs, and cultural values surrounding warfare and personal combat practiced by the Khuman clan in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). Drawing on ancient Meitei literature, including the Thawanthaba Hiran text, the Chainarol text (An Account of Combats), the Khuman Kangleirol traditions, the Moirang Kangleirol traditions, these literary works show how the Khumans perceived honour, conflict, and inter-clan interactions.

Khuman Kangleirol
The Khuman Kangleirol (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ), also spelt as the Khuman Kangleiron (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯀꯪꯂꯩꯔꯣꯟ), is a classical Meitei language literary text of the Khuman dynasty of the Khuman kingdom. It is one of the most important historical documents of the history of ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). It was produced during the reign of Meitei King Chit Sai (1748-1752 CE) of the Ningthouja dynasty. It gives the information on the genealogy of the rulers of the Khuman dynasty. 
The Khuman kingdom was once more prosperous than the Ningthouja principality. But, by the 12th century CE, it gradually declined. By the reign of Meitei king Kongyamba (1324-1335 CE) in the early 14th century CE, the Khuman territory was merged into that of the Ningthouja kingdom.
Mahler measure
In mathematics, the Mahler measure  of a polynomial  with complex coefficients is defined as

where  factorizes over the complex numbers  as

The Mahler measure can be viewed as a kind of height function. Using Jensen's formula, it can be proved that this measure is also equal to the geometric mean of  for  on the unit circle (i.e., ):

By extension, the Mahler measure of an algebraic number  is defined as the Mahler measure of the minimal polynomial of  over . In particular, if  is a Pisot number or a Salem number, then its Mahler measure is simply .

The Mahler measure is named after the German-born Australian mathematician Kurt Mahler.

Height function
A height function is a function that quantifies the complexity of mathematical objects. In Diophantine geometry, height functions quantify the size of solutions to Diophantine equations and are typically functions from a set of points on algebraic varieties (or a set of algebraic varieties) to the real numbers.

For instance, the classical or naive height over the rational numbers is typically defined to be the maximum of the numerators and denominators of the coordinates (e.g. 7 for the coordinates (3/7, 1/2)), but in a logarithmic scale.
Afraflacilla venustula
Afraflacilla venustula, the Ndumo Afraflacilla jumping spider, is a species of jumping spider in the genus Afraflacilla that lives in South Africa. The spider was first described in 2009 by Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Haddad. Originally allocated to the genus Pseudicius, it was moved to its current name by Jerzy Prószyński in 2016. The spider is small, with a carapace that is between 1.7 and 2.0 mm (0.067 and 0.079 in) long and an abdomen between 1.8 and 2.5 mm (0.071 and 0.098 in) long. The male is larger than the female. The carapace is light brown, although some males are darker, with a black eye field. The male abdomen is black with a pattern of four pairs of white spots, like Pseudicius sengwaensis. The female abdomen is yellowish with four brown spots. The legs are generally yellow, apart from the front pair on the male, which are brown, longer and stouter. The male also has a distinctive bulbous shape to its palpal bulb and a longer embolus than related species.

Afraflacilla sengwaensis
Afraflacilla sengwaensis is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Afraflacilla that lives in Zimbabwe. It is found in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, after which it is named. The spider was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Meg Cumming. The female has not been identified. The species is very similar to Afraflacilla venustula, including the pattern on the abdomen. It is a small spider, with a cephalothorax that is typically 1.8 mm (0.071 in) long and an abdomen typically 2.3 mm (0.091 in) long. It can be most easily distinguished from other members of the genus by its copulatory organs. The palpal bulb has a distinctive irregular shape, as is the embolus base.