hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piaggio
Piaggio Group ([ˈpjaddʒo]) is an Italian motor vehicle manufacturer, which produces a range of two-wheeled motor vehicles and compact commercial vehicles under five brands: Piaggio, Vespa, Aprilia, Moto Guzzi and Derbi. Its corporate headquarters are located in Pontedera, Italy. The company was founded by Rinaldo Piaggio in 1884, initially producing locomotives and railway carriages.

Piaggio Group's subsidiaries employ a total of 7,053 employees and produced a total of 519,700 vehicles in 2014. The manufacturer has six research-and-development centres and operates in over 50 countries.

Moto Guzzi
45°54′55″N 9°19′13″E﻿ / ﻿45.9153669°N 9.32041°E﻿ / 45.9153669; 9.32041

Moto Guzzi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmɔːto ˈɡuttsi]) is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer and the oldest European manufacturer in continuous motorcycle production.

Established in 1921 in Mandello del Lario, Italy, the company is noted for its historic role in Italy's motorcycling manufacture, its prominence worldwide in motorcycle racing, and industry innovations—including the first motorcycle centre stand, wind tunnel and eight-cylinder engine.

Since 2004, Moto Guzzi has been an unico azionista, a wholly owned subsidiary, and one of seven brands owned by Piaggio Group,
Europe's largest motorcycle manufacturer and the world's fourth largest motorcycle manufacturer by unit sales.

The company's motorcycles are noted for their air-cooled 90° V-twin engines with a longitudinal crankshaft orientation where the engines' transverse cylinder heads project prominently on either side of the motorcycle.
Cerebellar veins
The cerebellar veins are veins which drain the cerebellum. They consist of the superior cerebellar veins and the inferior cerebellar veins (dorsal cerebellar veins). The superior cerebellar veins drain to the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins. The inferior cerebellar veins drain to the transverse sinus, the superior petrosal sinus, and the occipital sinus.

Superior petrosal sinus
The superior petrosal sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses located beneath the brain. It receives blood from the cavernous sinus and passes backward and laterally to drain into the transverse sinus. The sinus receives superior petrosal veins, some cerebellar veins, some inferior cerebral veins, and veins from the tympanic cavity. They may be affected by arteriovenous malformation or arteriovenous fistula, usually treated with surgery.
1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR
The 1938 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.

On 11 April 1938 newspaper "Radianskyi sport" (Soviet Sport) informed that sports inspection of the government committee in physical culture and sports reviewed and adopted regulation of the "URSR Cup" (Ukrainian Cup) competition of football, which at the same time is a regional competition of the 1938 "USSR Cup" (Soviet Cup).

1938 Soviet Cup
The 1938 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.

The competition was composed of qualification stage that contained several subgroups and the final stage.

26 teams of the 1938 Soviet Top League were given a bye to the final stage, while other teams were competing in 19 groups of the qualifying stage.

Teams from Ukraine were granted 10 berths within 5 groups, teams from Caucasus and Central Asian union republics were granted 3 berths in 3 groups, teams from Belarus were competing along with some teams from Russia for a single berth, while Russian teams were granted 24 berths in 10 groups with teams from Moscow region receiving 8 berths.

Competitions in qualification subgroups 14–18 (Ukrainian) were conducted as a regional competition of the 1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR in May 5-20.
Lucy DeVito
Lucy Chet DeVito (born March 11, 1983) is an American actress. She was a recurring character on ABC Family's Melissa & Joey (2010–2012), starred in the Hulu sitcom Deadbeat (2014–2015), and was a main voice actor and executive producer of the FXX animated comedy Little Demon (2022). DeVito has appeared in a number of theater productions, including her Broadway debut I Need That (2023). Since 2007, she has been a member of the New York developmental theater company Ensemble Studio Theater.

She is the daughter of actor Danny DeVito and actress Rhea Perlman.

Rhea Perlman
Rhea Jo Perlman (first name pronounced /ˈriːə/, REE-uh ; born March 31, 1948) is an American actress and author. She is well-known for playing head waitress Carla Tortelli in the popular sitcom Cheers (1982–1993). Over the course of 11 seasons, Perlman was nominated for 10 Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress, winning four, and was nominated for a record six Golden Globe Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series. She has also appeared in films, including Canadian Bacon (1995), Matilda (1996), The Sessions (2012), Poms (2019), and Barbie (2023). In 2025, Perlman had a guest role in the second season of the crime mystery series Poker Face.
Eastern short-eared rock-wallaby
The eastern short-eared rock-wallaby or Wilkins' rock-wallaby (Petrogale wilkinsi) is a species of rock-wallaby found in the northernmost parts of the Northern Territory of Australia, and is common in the Kakadu and Litchfield National Parks. It was thought to be a subpopulation of the short-eared rock-wallaby Petrogale brachyotis found in the Kimberley (Western Australia), but recent genetic and morphological studies have shown it to be distinct. Wilkins' rock-wallaby is smaller, has more distinct grey/brown markings on its head and sides, and more colourful limbs than the western species.

Short-eared rock-wallaby
The short-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale brachyotis) is a species of rock-wallaby found in northern Australia, in the northernmost parts of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. It is much larger than its three closest relatives, the eastern short-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale wilkinsi), the nabarlek (Petrogale concinna) and the monjon (Petrogale burbidgei).
Chandrabindu
Chandrabindu (Sanskrit: चन्द्रबिन्दु; IAST: candrabindu, lit. 'moon dot') is a diacritic sign with the form of a dot inside the lower half of a circle. It is used in the Devanagari (ँ), Bengali-Assamese (ঁ), Gujarati (ઁ), Odia (ଁ), Tamil (◌𑌁 Extension used from Grantha), Telugu (ఁ), Kannada (◌ಁ), Malayalam (◌ഁ), Sinhala (◌ඁ), Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts.

It usually means that the previous vowel is nasalized.

In Hindi, it is replaced in writing by anusvara when it is written above a consonant that carries a vowel symbol that extends above the top line.

In Classical Sanskrit, it seems to occur only over a lla, yya, or vva conjunct consonant, to show that it is pronounced as a nasalized double l, y, or v which occurs if they have become assimilated in sandhi.

In Vedic Sanskrit, it is used instead of anusvara to represent the sound anunasika when the next word starts with a vowel. It usually occurs where in earlier times a word ended in -ans.

Anusvara
Anusvara (/ˌænʊˈsvɑːrə/ AN-uu-SVAR-ə; Sanskrit: अनुस्वार, IAST: anusvāra, IPA: [ɐn̪usʋaːrɐ]), also known as Bindu (/ˈbɪndu/ BIN-doo; Hindi: बिन्दु [bɪn̪d̪uː]), is a symbol used in many Indic scripts to mark a type of nasal sound, typically transliterated ⟨ṃ⟩ or ⟨ṁ⟩ in standards like ISO 15919 and IAST. Depending on its location in a word and the language for which it is used, its exact pronunciation can vary. In the context of ancient Sanskrit, anusvara is the name of the particular nasal sound itself, regardless of written representation.
Elena Leonova
Elena Rudolfovna Leonova (Russian: Елена Рудольфовна Леонова; born 12 July 1973) is a Russian former pair skater. Representing the Soviet Union with Gennadi Krasnitski, she won the 1987 NHK Trophy, the 1989 Skate Canada International, and two World Junior Championships (1986, 1987).

Gennadi Krasnitski
Gennadi Viacheslavovich Krasnitski (Vanisyan) (Russian: Геннадий Вячеславович Красницкий (Ванисян), 7 September 1968) is a former Soviet pair skater. He is a two-time (1986, 1987) World Junior champion with partner Elena Leonova.

Krasnitski works as a coach at the Ice House in Hackensack, New Jersey. He coached Andrea Davidovich / Evgeni Krasnopolski, the first Israeli pair to qualify for the Winter Olympics, and Estonia's Viktoria Shklover / Valdis Mintals.
Ali Sher Khan Anchan
Ali Sher Khan (Balti: ཨལི་ཤེར་ཁན་ཨནཆན་།; 1580–1633), also known as Ali Senge Anchan, was the Maqpon king of Baltistan from 1595 to 1633. Considered greatest of the Balti rulers, Anchan unified Baltistan and expanded the frontiers of Balti kingdom to Ladakh and western Tibet in the east, and to Haramosh in Brushal in the west.

In his numerous campaigns Anchan conquered Ladakh, Purig, Gilgit, Brushal (Hunza-Nagir) and Chilas, reaching as far as Chitral. His name is recorded as Ali Mīr in Ladakh Chronicles and Ali Raī by the Mughal court historians.

Skardu
Skardu (Urdu: سکردو, romanised: skardū, Tibetan script: སྐར་མདོ, pronounced [skərduː]) is a city located in Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. Skardu serves as the capital of Skardu District and the Baltistan Division. It is situated at an average elevation of nearly 2,500 metres (8,202 feet) above sea level in the Skardu Valley, at the confluence of the Indus and Shigar rivers.

Skardu is an important gateway to the eight-thousanders of the nearby Karakoram mountain range. The Indus River running through the region separates the Karakoram from the Ladakh Range.
Internal Revenue Code section 61
Section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC 61, 26 U.S.C. § 61) defines "gross income," the starting point for determining which items of income are taxable for federal income tax purposes in the United States. Section 61 states that "[e]xcept as otherwise provided in this subtitle, gross income means all income from whatever source derived [ . . . ]". The United States Supreme Court has interpreted this to mean that Congress intended to exercise its full power towards taxation incomes to the extent that such taxation is permitted under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (the Taxing and Spending Clause) of the Constitution of the United States and under the Constitution's Sixteenth Amendment.

Internal Revenue Code
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States. It is codified in statute as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRC is organized topically into subtitles and sections, covering federal income tax in the United States, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. The Code's implementing federal agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
St. Louis Jain temple
The 1904 St. Louis Jain temple is a historic wooden structure that was constructed for the 1904 St. Louis World's fairs, termed "Louisiana Purchase Exposition". It was the first building in the United States designated as a Jain temple, since it intended to be a replica of a Jain temple in India, although there were no Jains in the United States at that time. It later stood in Las Vegas where some members of the Los Angeles Jain community discovered it in 1980. It now stands within the Jain Center of Southern California in Los Angeles.

Jain Center of Southern California
Jain Center of Southern California (JCSC) is a leading Jain Center in America.  It was founded on September 15, 1979. JCSC played a major role in founding of JAINA, the umbrella Jain organization of North America and hosted the first Jaina convention in 1981.

The temple is both non-regional and non-sectarian and thus includes Jains of all sects speaking various languages, as a result of conscious decisions made during the founding.
Lahore Qalandars
Lahore Qalandars is a Pakistani professional cricket franchise that competes in the Pakistan Super League, representing the city of Lahore, the capital of Punjab. The team plays its home matches at Gaddafi Stadium and is owned by the Rana brothers.

Formed in 2015, Lahore Qalandars was the second-most expensive franchise sold during the inaugural PSL team auction and one of the few purchased by an international group. The team struggled in its early seasons, finishing at the bottom of the table five times, but later emerged as one of the league's most successful teams, winning titles in 2022, 2023, and 2025.

The team is currently captained by Shaheen Afridi and coached by Russell Domingo. Fakhar Zaman is the team’s leading run-scorer, while Shaheen Afridi is the leading wicket-taker.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.
FC Hebar Pazardzhik
FC Hebar (Bulgarian: Футболен клуб Хебър) is a Bulgarian professional football club based in Pazardzhik. The club currently competes in the Second League, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.

Founded in 1918, Hebar has played at their current home ground, Stadion Georgi Benkovski, since 1989. Hebar has played a total of five seasons in the top level of Bulgarian football, most recently in 2024-25. In 2001, despite finishing ninth in the A Group that season (club’s highest finish), the owners of the club moved the assets of the club to Petrich, reforming Belasitsa Petrich. Fans from Pazardzhik re-founded the club the same year, starting from the amateur levels.

Stadion Georgi Benkovski
Stadion Georgi Benkovski (Bulgarian: Стадион "Георги Бенковски") is a multi-use stadium in Pazardzhik, Bulgaria.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Hebar Pazardzhik. The stadium holds around 13 thousand people.
Gudgeon
A gudgeon is a socket-like, cylindrical (i.e., female) fitting attached to one component to enable a pivoting or hinging connection to a second component.  The second component carries a pintle fitting, the male counterpart to the gudgeon, enabling an interpivoting connection that can be easily separated.  Designs that may use gudgeon and pintle connections include hinges, shutters and boat rudders.

The word gudgeon derives from the Middle English gojoun, from the Middle French goujon, which had the opposite meaning of a dowel or pin. Its first known use was in the 15th century.

Pintle
A pintle is a pin or bolt, usually inserted into a gudgeon, which is used as part of a pivot or hinge. Other applications include pintle and lunette ring for towing, and pintle pins securing casters in furniture.
Floyd Spence
Floyd Davidson Spence (April 9, 1928 – August 16, 2001) was an American attorney and a politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina. Elected for three terms to the South Carolina House of Representatives from Lexington County as a Democrat, in 1962 Spence announced his decision to switch to the Republican Party, as he was unhappy with shifts in the national party.

He lost a contested seat that year for United States Representative from South Carolina's 2nd congressional district to Democrat Albert W. Watson, who had the support of powerful senator Strom Thurmond. Watson shifted to the Republican Party in 1965 and ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1970. That year Spence won the congressional seat, and was re-elected for fourteen subsequent terms, serving until his death in 2001. He became ranking Republican on the House Armed Services Committee in 1993 and chairman in 1995.

Albert Watson (South Carolina politician)
Albert William Watson (August 30, 1922 – September 25, 1994) was an American politician, a Democrat-turned-Republican state and U.S. representative from South Carolina. He is best known for his losing 1970 campaign for governor of South Carolina, which has been described as the last high-profile, openly segregationist campaign in American politics.
Tondaimandalam
Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam, also known as Toṇḍai Nāḍu, is a historical region located in the northernmost part of Tamil Nadu and southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh. Toṇḍaimaṇḍalam was divided into 24 kottams — smaller districts by kurumbar king and also build a royal fort (pulhal). The kottams are subdivided into smaller agricultural districts called nadus, which were groupings of several agricultural villages. At the beginning of the historical period, the kottams were mostly pastoral. The region comprises the districts which formed a part of the legendary kingdom of Athondai Chakravarti. The boundaries of Tondaimandalam are ambiguous – between the river basins of Penna River and Ponnaiyar River. During the reign of Rajaraja I, this region was called as Jayankonda Cholamandalam.

Ilandiraiyan
Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan or Ilamtiraiyan was a ruler of Kanchipuram and a contemporary of the Early Chola king, Karikala. He is traditionally regarded as the founder of the Pallava dynasty. Ilandiraiyan is referred to in the literature of the Sangam period and is the hero of some of the poems in the Pathupattu. He was a poet himself and four of his songs are extant even today.  He ruled from Tondaimandalam and was known as 'Tondaman'. According to historian S. Krishnaswami Aiyengar, the Pallavas were natives of Tondaimandalam and the name Pallava is identical with the word Tondaiyar.

Scholar M. Arokiaswami identifies Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan with king Adondai Chakravarthi, the legendary figure who is referred to in the Mackenzie Manuscripts.
Norval Morrisseau
Norval Morrisseau CM RCA (March 14, 1932 – December 4, 2007), also known as Copper Thunderbird, was an Indigenous Canadian artist from the Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek First Nation. He is widely regarded as the grandfather of contemporary Indigenous art in Canada. Known as the "Picasso of the North," Morrisseau created works depicting the legends of his people, the cultural and political tensions between native Canadian and European traditions, his existential struggles, and his deep spirituality and mysticism. His style is characterized by thick black outlines and bright colors. He founded the Woodlands School of Canadian art and was a prominent member of the "Indian Group of Seven."

Woodlands style
Woodlands style, also called the Woodlands school, Legend painting, Medicine painting, and Anishnabe painting, is a genre of painting among First Nations and Native American artists from the Great Lakes area, including northern Ontario and southwestern Manitoba. The majority of the Woodlands artists are Anishinaabeg, notably the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi, as well as the Oji-Cree and the Cree.
Beit Ghazaleh
Beit Ghazaleh (The Ġazaleh House; Arabic: بيت غزالة) is one of the largest and better-preserved palaces from the Ottoman period in Aleppo.  It was named after the Ghazaleh family that owned it for about two centuries.   Since 1914, it was used as a public school and restored to host the Memory Museum of the city of Aleppo. Beit Ghazaleh is located in the Al-Jdayde district of Aleppo. The structure has been damaged by warfare and earthquakes.

Al-Jdayde
Al-Jdayde (Arabic: جديدة "The New Town", also transcribed as al-Jdeideh, al-Judayda, al-Jdeïdé, al-Jadida or al-Jdeydeh) is a historic predominantly Christian neighbourhood of Aleppo. Noted for its winding narrow alleys, richly decorated mansions and churches—it is an area of significant cultural and historical interest. Much of Al-Jdayde suffered catastrophic damage during the Syrian Civil War.
Oracle Cloud
Oracle Cloud is a cloud computing service offered by Oracle Corporation providing servers, storage, network, applications and services through a global network of Oracle Corporation managed data centers. The company allows these services to be provisioned on demand over the Internet.

Oracle Cloud provides infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), software as a service (SaaS), and data as a service (DaaS). These services are used to build, deploy, integrate, and extend applications in the cloud. This platform supports numerous open standards (SQL, HTML5, REST, etc.), open-source applications (Kubernetes, Spark, Hadoop, Kafka, MySQL, Terraform, etc.), and a variety of programming languages, databases, tools, and frameworks including Oracle-specific, open source, and third-party software and systems.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
GNOME Shell
GNOME Shell is the graphical shell of the GNOME desktop environment starting with version 3, which was released on April 6, 2011. It provides basic functions like launching applications and switching between windows. GNOME Shell replaced GNOME Panel and some ancillary components of GNOME 2.

GNOME Shell is written in C and JavaScript as a plugin for Mutter.

In contrast to the KDE Plasma Workspaces, a software framework intended to facilitate the creation of multiple graphical shells for different devices, the GNOME Shell is intended to be used on desktop computers with large screens operated via keyboard and mouse, as well as portable computers with smaller screens operated via their keyboard, touchpad or touchscreen.

Mutter (software)
Mutter is a window manager initially designed and implemented for the X Window System, but then evolved to be a display server ("Wayland compositor"). It became the default window manager in GNOME 3, replacing Metacity which used GTK for rendering. "Mutter" is a combination of "Metacity" and "Clutter".
Russell Sage
Russell Risley Sage (August 4, 1816 – July 22, 1906) was an American financier, railroad executive and Whig politician from New York, who became one of the richest Americans of all time. As a frequent partner of Jay Gould in various transactions, he amassed a fortune. Olivia Slocum Sage, his second wife, inherited his fortune, which was unrestricted for her use. In his name she used the money for philanthropic purposes, endowing a number of buildings and institutions to benefit women's education: she established the Russell Sage Foundation in 1907 and founded the Russell Sage College for women in 1916.

Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage
Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage, known as Olivia Sage (September 8, 1828 – November 4, 1918), was an American philanthropist known for her contributions to education and progressive causes.  In 1869 she became the second wife of industrialist Russell Sage. At his death in 1906, she inherited a fortune estimated at more than $63,000,000, to be used at her discretion.: 164

A former teacher, Sage strongly supported education, both with program and building grants to Syracuse and other universities.  She established the Russell Sage Foundation in 1907 and founded Russell Sage College in 1916, as well as endowing programs for women.

She was a close personal friend and mentor of Helen Miller Gould Shepard, another prominent philanthropist of the time.