hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rapperswil Rose Gardens
The Rapperswil Rose Gardens are privately established small rose gardens probably dating back to the early years of the former independent town of Rapperswil. They are located in the present city of Rapperswil-Jona, Canton of St. Gallen, in Switzerland.

Rapperswil Castle
Rapperswil Castle (Swiss German: Schloss Rapperswil) is a castle, built in the early 13th century by the House of Rapperswil, in the formerly independent city of Rapperswil.

The castle is located on the eastern Lake Zurich's western Obersee lakeshore in Rapperswil, a locality of the Rapperswil-Jona municipality in Switzerland's canton of St. Gallen.

Since 1870 the castle has been home to the Polish National Museum established by Polish émigrés, including the castle's lessee and restorer, Count Wladyslaw Broel-Plater. Schloss Rapperswil and the Museum are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as Class A objects of national importance.
Echinodontiaceae
The Echinodontiaceae are a family of crust fungi in the order Russulales. Species of this family, divided amongst two genera—Echinodontium and Laurilia—have a widespread distribution, although they are especially predominant in north temperate zones. They are parasitic or saprobic on wood, and may cause white rot of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Laurilia
Laurilia is a monotypic genus of crust fungi in the family Echinodontiaceae. The genus was described in 1959 by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar, with Laurilia sulcata (originally Stereum sulcatum) as the type and only species. Pouzar then transferred Laurilia taxodii from Stereum to Laurilia in 1968, but Liu et al. erected the new genus Lauriliella for the latter species in 2017 on the basis of ribosomal DNA molecular phylogeny. Liu et al. also found the Echinodontiaceae as traditionally circumscribed to be paraphyletic and placed Laurilia and Lauriliella instead in the Bondarzewiaceae, though this placement is not yet reflected in taxonomic authorities such as the Index Fungorum.

The generic name honors Finnish mycologist Matti Laurila (1915–1942), for his contributions to the knowledge of northern European resupinate fungi.
Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) is a Chinese aircraft manufacturer in Shenyang, Liaoning and a subsidiary of AVIC. Founded in 1951 as the classified 112 Factory, it is the oldest aircraft manufacturer in the People's Republic of China. The company mainly focuses on designing and manufacturing civilian and military aircraft and related components including jet engines, as well as UAVs such as SYAC UAV.

Aircraft produced by SAC include J-5, JJ-1, J-8, J-11, J-15, J-16, and J-35.

Shenyang J-11
The Shenyang J-11 (Chinese: 歼-11; NATO reporting name: Flanker-B+/Flanker-L), also known as Yinglong (simplified Chinese: 应龙; traditional Chinese: 應龍; pinyin: yìnglóng; lit. 'Responsive Dragon') is a 4th generation twin-engine jet fighter of the People's Republic of China derived from the Soviet-designed Sukhoi Su-27SK. It is manufactured by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC). The aircraft is operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF).
Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.

Region Västra Götaland
Region Västra Götaland (Swedish: Västra Götalandsregionen), is the devolved regional council of Västra Götaland County in Sweden. It was created in 1999 by the merger of the county councils of Gothenburg and Bohus, Älvsborg, and Skaraborg Counties coupled with the devolution of power from the County administrative boards of the same counties, that also merged. Its main responsibilities are the public healthcare system and public transport.
Veterinary Disciplinary Board (Sweden)
The Swedish Veterinary Disciplinary Board (Swedish: Veterinära ansvarsnämnden) was a Swedish government agency that answered to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Affairs. The agency tried cases of professional misconduct among veterinarians. It was located in Jönköping.

Government agencies in Sweden
The government agencies in Sweden are state authorities that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. The ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to monitor the agencies and preparing decision and policy papers for the government as a collective body to decide upon.

A Cabinet Minister is explicitly prohibited from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases. The cardinal rule is that Ministers are not allowed to issue orders to agencies in their portfolio personally (with only a few exceptions) as the government agencies are subject to decisions made by the government, although the government cannot even directly overrule an agency in the handling of an individual case.

Other than the executive branch, the Riksdag also has a number of independent agencies.
Boolean differential calculus
Boolean differential calculus (BDC) (German: Boolescher Differentialkalkül (BDK)) is a subject field of Boolean algebra discussing changes of Boolean variables and Boolean functions.

Boolean differential calculus concepts are analogous to those of classical differential calculus, notably studying the changes in functions and variables with respect to another/others.

The Boolean differential calculus allows various aspects of dynamical systems theory such as

automata theory on finite automata

Petri net theory

supervisory control theory (SCT)

to be discussed in a united and closed form, with their individual advantages combined.

Supervisory control theory
The supervisory control theory (SCT), also known as the Ramadge–Wonham framework (RW framework), is a method for automatically synthesizing supervisors that restrict the behavior of a plant such that as much as possible of the given specifications are fulfilled. The plant is assumed to spontaneously generate events. The events are in either one of the following two categories controllable or uncontrollable. The supervisor observes the string of events generated by the plant and might prevent the plant from generating a subset of the controllable events. However, the supervisor has no means of forcing the plant to generate an event.

In its original formulation the SCT considered the plant and the specification to be modeled by formal languages, not necessarily regular languages generated by finite automata as was done in most subsequent work.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 262
United Nations Security Council Resolution 262 was adopted unanimously on December 31, 1968. After hearing statements from Israel and Lebanon, the Council condemned Israel for its premeditated military action in violation of its obligation under the Charter and the cease-fire resolutions. It issued a solemn warning to Israel that, if there were a repeat incident, the Council would have to consider further steps to enforce its decisions and considered that Lebanon has suffered and responsibility rests with Israel.

1968 Israeli raid on Beirut Airport
The Operation Gift (Hebrew: מבצע תשורה, mivtza t'shura) was an Israeli Special Forces operation at the Beirut International Airport on the evening of 28 December 1968, in retaliation for the attack on the Israeli Airliner El Al Flight 253 two days earlier and the hijacking of El Al Flight 426 five months earlier, both by the Lebanon and Syria-based Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).

The commandos from the Israeli Defence Forces elite Sayeret Matkal destroyed 12 passenger airplanes belonging to Middle East Airlines (MEA) and Lebanese International Airways (LIA) and two cargo planes belonging to Trans Mediterranean Airways (TMA). There were no casualties reported in the raid.
Right to Life New Zealand
Right to Life New Zealand is a nationwide but Christchurch-based anti-abortion  group. It broke away from the New Zealand Society for Protection of the Unborn Child (now Voice for Life) in 2000 following disagreements between the Christchurch branch spokesperson Ken Orr and the national leadership over lobbying tactics. Besides opposing abortion, Right to Life NZ opposes euthanasia, sex education, and specific policies around LGBT issues.

Voice for Life
Voice for Life, formerly known as the Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child (SPUC), is a New Zealand anti-abortion advocacy group. It has also lobbied against infanticide, embryonic stem cell research, cloning and euthanasia. In recent years, it has strongly campaigned against the decriminalisation of euthanasia in New Zealand as well as abortion, but was unsuccessful in preventing the decriminalisation of either in 2020.
Consett Iron Company
The Consett Iron Company Ltd was an industrial business based in the Consett area of County Durham in the United Kingdom. The company owned coal mines and limestone quarries, and manufactured iron and steel. It was registered on 4 April 1864 as successor to the Derwent and Consett Iron Company. This in turn was the successor to the Derwent Iron Company, founded in 1840.

The company's seven collieries and various coke ovens came into the ownership of the National Coal Board, when British coal companies were nationalised in 1947. The Consett Iron Company itself was nationalised in 1951, becoming part of the Iron and Steel Corporation of Great Britain. It was denationalised shortly afterwards, then renationalised in 1967. The Consett Iron Company was absorbed into British Steel Corporation in 1967, and the location became known as the Consett Steel Works. British Steel Consett Works was closed in 1980.

Consett
Consett is a town in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England, about 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Newcastle upon Tyne. It had a population of 27,394 in 2001 and an estimate of 25,812 in 2019.
Invest in Canada
Invest in Canada  is an arms-length Government of Canada organization that promotes and attracts foreign direct investment into Canada. It was created through the Investment Canada Act and launched on March 12, 2018 as a departmental corporation.

Investment Canada Act
The Investment Canada Act (ICA) is a Canadian federal law governing large foreign direct investment in Canada.  The ICA was one of the first acts of Brian Mulroney's newly elected Progressive Conservative government, receiving royal assent on 20 June 1985.  It has been amended at various times, including recently the Economic Action Plan 2013 Act.  Pertinent regulations include the Investment Canada Regulations, SOR/85-611. The Act empowers the government to forbid foreign investments of "significant" size if they do not present a "net benefit to Canada."  As of 2017, Canadian policy is to consider over $1 billion "significant." The determination of what substantially constitutes the locus of control of a corporation is governed by the Canadian Ownership and Control Determination Act.
Carl Ingold Jacobson
Carl Ingold Jacobson (March 12, 1877 – January 13, 1960) was a City Council member from 1925 to 1933. He was tried on a morals charge, and then it was later shown that he was the victim of a frameup by local police authorities.

Frameup
In the United States criminal law, a frame-up (frameup) or set-up is the act of falsely implicating (framing) someone in a crime by providing fabricated evidence or testimony. In British usage, to frame, stitch-up, or fit-up, is to maliciously or dishonestly incriminate someone or set them up, in the sense trap or ensnare.

While incriminating those who are innocent might be done out of sheer malice, framing is primarily used as a distraction. Generally, the person who is framing someone else is the actual perpetrator of the crime. In other cases it is an attempt by law enforcement to get around due process. Motives include getting rid of political dissidents or "correcting" what they see as the court's mistake. Some lawbreakers will try to claim they were framed as a defense strategy. Frameups may use conspiracy theories to hide the true crimes of the accused.
Langworthy Professor
The Langworthy Professor is the holder of an endowed chair in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, UK. It was amongst the world's first professorships in physics as a dedicated subject and has been held by many eminent scientists. Several Langworthy Professors have been Nobel Laureates, including Ernest Rutherford, Lawrence Bragg, Patrick Blackett, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov.

Andre Geim
Sir Andre Konstantin Geim (Russian: Андре́й Константи́нович Гейм; born 21 October 1958; IPA1 pronunciation: ɑːndreɪ gaɪm) is a Russian-born British physicist working in England in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.

Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene. At that time he was a Dutch citizen. He later became a British citizen to accept a knighthood and considered himself Dutch-British. Geim is Regius Professor of Physics and Royal Society Research Professor at the National Graphene Institute. Geim was previously awarded an Ig Nobel Prize in 2000 for levitating a frog using its intrinsic magnetism. He is the first and only individual, as of 2025, to have received both Nobel and Ig Nobel prizes, for which he holds a Guinness World Record.

Geim has been appointed as a chair professor at the University of Hong Kong in February 2026 and will assume his tenure in April 2026.
Tennessee Coach Company
The Tennessee Coach Company (TCC) was a regional highway-coach carrier, founded in 1928 and based in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. It was in operation until 1976, when it became merged into the Continental Tennessee Lines, a subsidiary of the Transcontinental Bus System, called also the Continental Trailways. Continental Trailways was by far the largest member company in the Trailways trade association, which was then named the National Trailways Bus System.

Dixie Greyhound Lines
The Dixie Greyhound Lines (called also Dixie or DGL), a highway-coach carrier, was a Greyhound regional operating company, based in Memphis, Tennessee, USA, from 1930 until 1954, when it (along with the Teche Greyhound Lines) became merged into the Southeastern Greyhound Lines, a neighboring operating company.
Namhae of Silla
Namhae (?–24, r. 4–24 CE) was the second King of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He is commonly called Namhae Chachaung, chachaung being an early Silla title.

Namhae is the only king who is called Chachaung. According to the Samguk sagi, Kim Taemun explained that the title "Chachaung" meant a shaman in Old Korean.

Hyeokgeose of Silla
Hyeokgeose (69 BC – 4 AD, r. 57 BC–4 AD), also known by his personal full name as Bak (Park, Pak) Hyeokgeose (朴赫居世), was the founding monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the progenitor of all Bak (Park) clans in Korea.
Fairchild 71
The Fairchild 71 was an American high-wing monoplane passenger and cargo aircraft built by Fairchild Aircraft and later built in Canada by Fairchild Aircraft Ltd. (Canada) for both military and civilian use as a rugged bush plane.

Fairchild FC-2
The Fairchild FC-1 and its derivatives are a family of light, single-engine, high-wing utility monoplanes produced in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. The aircraft was originally designed to provide a camera platform for Sherman Fairchild's aerial photography and survey business, Fairchild Aerial Surveys.
59 Club
The 59 Club, also written as The Fifty Nine Club and known as 'the 9', is a British youth and motorcycle club with members found internationally.

The 59 Club started as a Church of England-based youth club founded at St Mary of Eton church in Hackney Wick by Reverend John Oates, in the East End of London, then an underprivileged area suffering post-war deprivations. Unlike most church youth clubs at the time, the 59 Club allowed entry to all young people from the local community, whether they attended church or not. The motorcycle section was established in 1962 and became known in the mid-1960s for its adoption of the British motorcycling subculture known as 'rockers', who were at that time a central part of the mods and rockers clashes. Its badge has taken on an iconic value for them. The club enjoyed fame into the early 1980s as the top hang-out spot for London Rockers and other motorcyclists, seen as creating a positive archetype for its young members to follow.

St Mary of Eton
St. Mary of Eton is an Anglican church at Hackney Wick, London, and a Grade II* listed building. It was built 1890–92 in the medieval Gothic style to serve the Eton Mission, a mission to the East End organised and funded by Eton College.
Tule perch
The tule perch (Hysterocarpus traskii) is a surfperch (Embiotocidae) native to the rivers and estuaries of central California. It is the sole member of its genus, and the only freshwater surfperch. It has three subspecies: the Russian River tule perch (H. t. pomo), the Clear Lake tule perch (H. t. lagunae), and the Sacramento tule perch (H.t. traskii).

Surfperch
The surfperches are a family of viviparous ray-finned fishes, the Embiotocidae. Most species are marine, inhabiting coastal waters from Baja California to Alaska, with a few found in Asian Pacific coasts. The only freshwater species, the tule perch (Hysterocarpus traski), is endemic to California, United States.
Happy Tree Friends
Happy Tree Friends (HTF) is an American animated web series created by Aubrey Ankrum, Rhode Montijo, and Kenn Navarro, and developed by Montijo, Navarro, and Warren Graff for Mondo Media. Disguised as a Saturday morning cartoon, the series follows the misadventures of cute anthropomorphic forest animals, who live initially peaceful lives until they are killed or injured in sudden, usually accidental and extremely graphically violent incidents. Debuting in December 2000, Happy Tree Friends has achieved a cult following on Mondo's website and YouTube channel and expanded into a multimedia franchise, which includes the television series of the same name.

Graphic violence
Graphic violence is a depiction of explicit or detailed acts of violence in mass media. It may be real, simulated live action, or animated.

Intended for viewing by mature audiences, graphic in this context is a synonym for explicit, referring to the clear and unabashed nature of the violence portrayed.
Maya Wiley
Maya D. Wiley (born January 2, 1964) is an American lawyer, professor, and civil rights activist. She has served as president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights since May 2022. Wiley served as counsel to New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio. She chaired the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) from 2016 to 2017. She was an MSNBC legal analyst from August 2018 to January 2021. Wiley ran in the 2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary, placing third.

Wiley is the senior vice president for social justice at The New School and a professor at the Milano School of Policy, Management, and Environment.

2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary
The Democratic Party primary for the 2021 New York City mayoral election took place on June 22, 2021. Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams defeated 12 other candidates, including Kathryn Garcia, Maya Wiley, and Andrew Yang. Adams went on to defeat Republican Curtis Sliwa and other candidates in the November 2, 2021 general election.

The New York City Board of Elections was substantially criticized for its handling of the race, the first after New York's initial implementation of ranked-choice voting (RCV). A week after election day, the Board announced a discrepancy in the initial results, posting in a tweet that approximately 135,000 additional votes, originating from a test run, had been added to the total count.
Pinjar Road
Pinjar Road is a major distributor road in the north-eastern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Wanneroo.

The road was formerly part of the now-decommissioned State Route 86, and one of Perth's major arterial roads, previously connecting with Old Yanchep Road in Pinjar. Due to the road's impact as a freight route on adjoining residential properties, it was extensively realigned in 2005, and ultimately downgraded in importance with the extension of Joondalup Drive and State Route 85 a year later.

Joondalup Drive
Joondalup Drive is a major distributor road in the northern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. The road travels through the City of Joondalup's central business district and extends for a few kilometres east through neighbouring residential suburbs in the City of Wanneroo. The road was extended in 2005 to the northern suburb of Banksia Grove to provide easy access for residents to Joondalup's city centre, and to provide a complete connecting route to the Brand Highway from the Mitchell Freeway.

The route from Ocean Reef Road to Burns Beach Road was gazetted as Road No. 10951 by the Shire of Wanneroo in 1953.
Anthony Ross (priest)
Fr Ian Anthony Ross OP STL FSA (Scot) (14 June 1917 – 24 May 1993) was a Scottish born Catholic priest and member of The Order of Preachers (Dominican).  He was also a noted broadcaster, writer, community activist, educator and antiquarian who served as Rector of the University of Edinburgh (1979–1982).

Rector of the University of Edinburgh
The Lord Rector of The University of Edinburgh is elected every three years by the students and staff at The University of Edinburgh. Seldom referred to as Lord Rector, the incumbent is more commonly known just as the Rector.
Four Lakes, Washington
Four Lakes is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Spokane County, Washington, United States, just southwest of the city of Spokane, and north of Cheney. As of the 2010 census, its population was 512. Both Interstate 90 and SR 904 run through Four Lakes and the junction of the two is located near the center of town.

Four Lakes was founded in 1879 by G.H. Morgan. The community was so named on account of there being four lakes near the original town site.  It is speculated the fourth lake, is now a marsh south of Meadow Lake, which was drained by the ditch, blasted through basalt, which Minnie Creek flows through, under SR 904, south of the rodeo grounds.

Cheney, Washington
Cheney (/ˈtʃiːni/ CHEE-nee) is a city in Spokane County, Washington, United States. The full-time resident population was 13,255 as of the 2020 census. Eastern Washington University is located in Cheney. When classes are in session at EWU, the city's population reaches approximately 17,600 people temporarily.