hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Usman Nagogo
Alhaji Sir Usman Nagogo dan Muhammadu Dikko KBE CMG (1905 – 18 March 1981) was Emir of Katsina (Sarkin Katsina) from 19 May 1944, until his death. A Fulani from the Sullubawa Clan, he succeeded his father, Muhammadu Dikko, as Emir, and was succeeded by his son, Muhammadu Kabir Usman.

Muhammadu Kabir Usman
Alhaji Dr. Muhammadu Kabir Usman (January 1928 – 8 March 2008) was the 49th Emir of Katsina from 18 March 1981, until his death in March 2008. He was the tenth Fulani emir, as well as the third emir from the Sullubawa dynasty. He succeeded his father Usman Nagogo, and was succeeded by his son, the current emir Abdulmumini Kabir Usman.
Dünamünde Action
The Dünamünde Action (German: Aktion Dünamünde) were two mass killings of Jews committed by the SS and the Arajs Kommando in Biķernieki forest near Riga, Latvia in March 1942. It is sometimes separated into the First Dünamünde Action on 15 March and the Second Dünamünde Action on 26 March.

The objective of the Dünamünde Action was to execute Jews from Central Europe who were deported to the overcrowded Riga Ghetto in German-occupied Latvia. Victims were lured by a false promise of better living conditions and easier work in the town of Dünamünde but were instead taken to Biķernieki forest, executed, and buried in mass graves. An estimated 3,740 people were killed in the Dünamünde action, most of whom were elderly, sick, or children and their mothers. About 1,900 people from Riga Ghetto were killed in the first action, and 1,840 from the Jungfernhof concentration camp in the second.

Jungfernhof concentration camp
The Jungfernhof concentration camp (Latvian: Jumpravmuižas koncentrācijas nometne) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Riga, Latvia from December 1941 to March 1942.

Jungfernhof was an improvised concentration camp near the Šķirotava Railway Station in southeast Riga to serve as overflow housing for Jews deported from Germany and Austria. Prisoners were used as forced labour to construct the nearby Salaspils concentration camp. Around 4,000 prisoners went through Jungfernhof during its four months of operation, with nearly all dying from the poor conditions at the camp or being killed in the Rumbula massacre and Dünamünde Action.
Tamara Deutscher
Tamara Deutscher (1 February 1913 – 7 August 1990) was a Polish-English writer and editor who fled from France in World War II and settled in London. She researched the leaders of Soviet Communism, together with her husband Isaac Deutscher. She also contributed articles to the New Left Review, wrote a book about Vladimir Lenin and collaborated with other left wing authors.

Isaac Deutscher
Isaac Deutscher (Polish: Izaak Deutscher; 3 April 1907 – 19 August 1967) was a Polish Marxist writer, journalist and political activist who moved to the United Kingdom before the outbreak of World War II. He is best known as a biographer of Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin and as a commentator on Soviet affairs.

His scholarly biographies of Trotsky and Stalin have received widespread acclaim, with several reviewers ranking his three-volume Prophet biography of Trotsky among the greatest of political biographies; some criticism has been directed at his overly sympathetic tone for the subject matter. His biography of Trotsky was also highly influential among the British New Left in the 1960s and 1970s.
FB Glauberyt
The PM-84 Glauberyt (Polish for glauberite) is a Polish submachine gun. It is a personal weapon intended for combat and self-defence at ranges up to 150 m with single shot or fully automatic fire mode. It features a compact design, minimum overall dimensions, small weight, very good accuracy, and fire stability. It is designed for heavy weapons platoons personnel and reconnaissance detachments, special anti-terrorist and police troops.

In service with the Polish military and police it replaced the earlier PM-63 RAK submachine gun.

FB PM-63
The PM-63 RAK (often incorrectly referred to as Ręczny Automat Komandosów—"commandos' hand-held automatic"; the name itself means cancer or crayfish in Polish) is a Polish 9×18mm submachine gun, designed by Piotr Wilniewczyc in cooperation with Tadeusz Bednarski, Grzegorz Czubak and Marian Wakalski. The RAK combines the characteristics of a self-loading pistol and a fully automatic submachine gun.

The PM-63 is featured on the logo of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization.
EHF Women's Cup Winners' Cup
The Women's EHF Cup Winners' Cup was the official competition for women's handball clubs of Europe that won their national cup, and took place every year from 1976 to 2016 (until 1993 organized by IHF instead of EHF). From the 2016–17 season, the competition will be merged with the EHF Cup.

EHF Women's European League
The Women's EHF European League is an annual competition for women's handball clubs of Europe. It is organized by the EHF. It is currently the second-tier competition of European club handball, ranking only below the EHF Champions League.

Previously called the Women's EHF Cup, the competition is known as the Women's EHF European League from the 2020–21 season.
Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band)
Fahrenheit (Chinese: 飛輪海; pinyin: Fēilúnhǎi) was a Taiwanese boy band composed of members Calvin Chen, Jiro Wang, Wu Chun, and Aaron Yan. They were formed in 2005 by Comic International Productions and HIM International Music and GMM Grammy in Thailand. Their music is distributed by WOW Music in Hong Kong and by Pony Canyon in Japan. Fahrenheit ware often associated with their labelmate seniors S.H.E, who are also under HIM International Music.

In June 2011, Wu announced his decision to leave the group to focus on his acting career, but is open to the idea of reuniting with Fahrenheit in the future. Following Wu Chun's departure, the remaining members also went off to pursue solo projects, putting the group in an indefinite hiatus.

S.H.E
S.H.E is a Taiwanese girl group whose members are Selina Jen, Hebe Tien, and Ella Chen. They formed in 2001 and are managed by HIM International Music but decided not to renew their contract in 2019 due to having their own management company.

Since releasing their debut album Girls' Dorm (2001), S.H.E has recorded 13 albums with sales totaling more than 10 million, and set ticketing records in each of their two concert tours. Widely regarded as the most successful and enduring Mandopop group, S.H.E has also acted in seven drama series, hosted two variety shows, and contributed ten songs to six drama soundtracks.
Ford Model C (Europe)
The Ford Model C is a car that was produced from 1934 until 1937 by Ford UK in Dagenham. It had an 1,172 cc (71.5 cu in) four-cylinder sidevalve engine delivering 34 hp (25 kW). It was the "big brother" to the smaller Ford Y, which had a 933 cc (56.9 cu in) engine. The styling was inspired by the 1934 Ford V8, only smaller. The Model C was also built by Ford Germany, where it was named the Ford Eifel after the mountain range near Cologne, and it was sold from 1934 to 1940.

The British line was named Ten (for 10 British fiscal horsepower).

In 1935, the grille and bonnet on the British line was facelifted and the mark was changed to CX.

In 1937, the body was upgraded again and the design of the British and German product lines became more different. The German line was still named Eifel. The British equivalent was named the Model 7W.

Ford Eifel
The Ford Eifel is a car manufactured by Ford Germany between 1935 and 1940.  It initially complemented, and then replaced, the Ford Köln.  It was itself replaced by the Ford Taunus.

Between 1937 and 1939, it was also assembled in Hungary and Denmark.  The Eifel was derived from the Ford Model C (Europe) 1934 platform, and is also related to the Dagenham-built 1938 Ford Prefect and 1939 Ford Anglia.

The model was named after the Eifel mountain range in western Germany.
Convair X-6
The Convair X-6 was an experimental aircraft project to develop and evaluate a nuclear-powered jet aircraft.
Experiments were carried out on a testbed aircraft named Convair NB-36H, based on the B-36 bomber. The program was canceled before the actual X-6 and its nuclear reactor engines were completed. The X-6 was part of a larger series of programs that ran from 1946 through 1961, and cost 7 billion USD. 
The basic idea was that nuclear-powered strategic bombers would be able to stay airborne for weeks at a time, as their range would not be limited by liquid jet fuel.

Nuclear-powered aircraft
A nuclear-powered aircraft is a concept for an aircraft intended to be powered by nuclear energy. The intention was to produce a jet engine that would heat compressed air with heat from fission, instead of heat from burning fuel. During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union researched nuclear-powered bomber aircraft, the greater endurance of which could enhance nuclear deterrence, but neither country created any such operational aircraft.

One inadequately solved design problem was the need for heavy shielding to protect the crew and those on the ground from radiation; other potential problems included dealing with crashes.

Some missile designs included nuclear-powered hypersonic cruise missiles.

However, the advent of ICBMs and nuclear submarines in the 1960s greatly diminished the strategic advantage of such aircraft, and respective projects were canceled.
Musketoon
The musketoon is a shorter-barrelled version of the musket and served in the roles of a shotgun or carbine. Musketoons could be of the same caliber as the issue musket or of a much larger caliber, 1.0–2.5 inches (25–63 mm). The musketoon is most commonly associated with naval use, and pirates in particular, though they also served in a carbine role with cavalry. Musketoon barrels were often flared at the muzzle, resembling a cannon or blunderbuss.

Blunderbuss
The blunderbuss is a 17th- to mid-19th-century firearm with a short, large caliber barrel. It is commonly flared at the muzzle to help aid in the loading of shot and other projectiles of relevant quantity or caliber. The blunderbuss is commonly considered to be an early predecessor of the modern shotgun, with similar military usage. It was effective only at short range, lacking accuracy at long distances. A blunderbuss in handgun form was called a dragon, and it is from this that the term dragoon evolved.
Wandjina
The Wandjina, also written Wanjina and Wondjina and also known as Gulingi, are cloud and rain spirits from the Wanjina Wunggurr cultural bloc of  Aboriginal Australians, depicted prominently in rock art in northwestern Australia. Some of the artwork in the Kimberley region of Western Australia dates back to approximately 4,000 years ago. Another closely related spirit entity is the creator being Wunngurr, a being analogous to the Rainbow Serpent in other Aboriginal peoples' belief systems, but with a different interpretation.

The stories of the Wandjina and the artwork depicting them remain important to the Mowanjum Community of Aboriginal people, and are one of the basic cultural elements of the Wanjina Wunggurr cultural bloc, which includes four Aboriginal  peoples in the Kimberley.

Worrorra
The Worrorra, also written Worora, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Kimberley area of north-western Australia.

The term is sometimes used to describe speakers of the (Western) Worrorra language, and sometimes groups whose traditional languages are one of the whole group of Worrorran languages. A native title claim in which the people referred to themselves as the Dambimangari people was lodged in 1998 and determined in 2011. The word is said to be derived from Dambina (a name for the Worrorra) and Ngardi peoples. More recently, it has been spelt Dambeemangarddee.

The Worrorra, Wunambal and Ngarinyin peoples make up a cultural bloc known Wanjina Wunggurr, in which the Ngardi are sometimes also included.
Catharine Beecher
Catharine Esther Beecher (September 6, 1800 – May 12, 1878) was an American educator and writer known for her forthright opinions on female education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's education. She published the advice manual The American Woman's Home with her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1869. Some sources spell her first name as "Catherine".

Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (/stoʊ/; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American author and abolitionist. She came from the religious Beecher family and wrote the popular novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans. The book reached an audience of millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and in Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential both for her writings as well as for her public stances and debates on social issues of the day.
Present
The present is the period of time that is occurring right now. The present is in contrast to the past, the period of time that has already occurred; and the future, the period of time that has yet to occur.

It is sometimes represented as a hyperplane in space-time, typically called "now", although modern physics demonstrates that such a hyperplane cannot be defined uniquely for observers in relative motion. The present may also be viewed as a duration.

Past
The past is the set of all events that occurred before a given point in time. The past is contrasted with and defined by the present and the future. It can mean long ago as in past from early to mid-20th century. The concept of the past is derived from the linear fashion in which human observers experience time, and is accessed through memory and recollection. In addition, human beings have recorded the past since the advent of written language.

In English, the word past was one of the many variant forms and spellings of passed, the past participle of the Middle English verb passen (whence Modern English pass), among ypassed, ypassyd, i-passed, passyd, passid, pass'd, paste, etc. It developed into an adjective and preposition in the 14th century, and a noun (as in the past or a past, through ellipsis with the adjective past) in the 15th century.
Borough of Kettering
The Borough of Kettering was a local government district and borough in Northamptonshire, England, from 1974 to 2021. It was named after its main town, Kettering, where the council was based. It bordered onto the district of Harborough in the neighbouring county of Leicestershire, the borough of Corby, the district of East Northamptonshire, the district of Daventry and the borough of Wellingborough.

Borough of Corby
Corby was a non-metropolitan district with borough status in the county of Northamptonshire, England. It bordered East Northamptonshire to the east, Kettering to the south and west, the Harborough district of Leicestershire to the north-west, and the county of Rutland to the north-east. In 2021 the district had a population of 75,571. The council, Corby Borough Council was based at the Cube in the town of Corby.
Anti-tank grenade
An anti-tank grenade is a specialized hand-thrown grenade used to defeat armored targets. Although their inherently short range limits the usefulness of grenades, troops can lie in ambush or maneuver under cover to exploit the limited outward visibility of the crew in a target vehicle. Hand launched anti-tank grenades became redundant with the introduction of standoff rocket propelled grenades and man-portable anti-tank systems.

Grenades were first used against armored vehicles during World War I, but it wasn't until World War II when more effective shaped charge anti-tank grenades were produced. AT grenades are unable to penetrate the armor of modern tanks, but may still damage lighter vehicles.

Anti-tank warfare
Anti-tank warfare refers to the military strategies, tactics, and weapon systems designed to counter and destroy enemy armored vehicles, particularly tanks. It originated during World War I following the first deployment of tanks in 1916, and has since become a fundamental component of land warfare doctrine. Over time, anti-tank warfare has evolved to include a wide range of systems, from handheld infantry weapons and anti-tank guns to guided missiles and air-delivered munitions.

Anti-tank warfare evolved rapidly during World War II, leading to infantry-portable weapons.

Through the Cold War of 1947–1991, the United States, anti-tank weapons have also been upgraded in number and performance.

Since the end of the Cold War in 1992, new threats to tanks and other armored vehicles have included remotely detonated improvised explosive devices (IEDs).

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, drones and loitering munitions have attacked and destroyed tanks.
Mr Standfast
Mr Standfast is the third of five Richard Hannay novels by John Buchan, first published in 1919 by Hodder & Stoughton, London.

It is one of two Hannay novels set during the First World War, the other being Greenmantle (1916); Hannay's first and best-known adventure, The Thirty-Nine Steps (1915), is set in the period immediately before the war started.

The title refers to a character in John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, to which there are many other references in the novel; Hannay uses a copy of Pilgrim's Progress to decipher coded messages from his contacts, and letters from his friend Peter Pienaar.

Greenmantle
Greenmantle is the second of five novels by John Buchan featuring the character Richard Hannay.  It was first published in 1916 by Hodder & Stoughton, London. It is one of two Hannay novels set during the First World War, the other being Mr Standfast (1919); Hannay's first and best-known adventure, The Thirty-Nine Steps (1915), is set in the period immediately preceding the war.
Cedars Upper School
Cedars Upper School is an upper school and sixth form with academy status, located in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England. Former students of the school are known as Old Cedarians. The school has a Senior Leadership Team (SLT) and are a part of the Chiltern Learning Trust

Leighton Buzzard
Leighton Buzzard (/ˈleɪtən ˈbʌzərd/ ⓘ LAY-tən BUZ-ərd) is a market town in the civil parish of Leighton–Linslade, in the Central Bedfordshire district, in Bedfordshire, England, in the southwest of the county and close to the Buckinghamshire border. It lies between Aylesbury, Tring, Luton/Dunstable and Milton Keynes, near the Chiltern Hills.

It is 36 miles (58 km) northwest of Central London and linked to the capital by the Grand Union Canal and the West Coast Main Line. The built-up area extends on either side of the River Ouzel (here about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide) to include its historically separate neighbour Linslade, and is administered by Leighton-Linslade Town Council.
Dsungaripterus
Dsungaripterus is a genus of dsungaripterid pterosaur which lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now China and possibly South Korea. Its fossils come from the Wuerho Pterosaur Fauna group (WPF) of the Tugulu Group, comprising sections of the Lianmuqin and Shengjinkou Formations of the Junggar Basin. Both formations have been given various age estimates, with data suggesting at least some of the WPF date to the middle Valanginian, but the upper and lower bounds of these pterosaur bearing deposits remain unclear.

Dsungaripteridae
Dsungaripteridae is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. They were robust pterosaurs with good terrestrial abilities and flight honed for inland settings, and were commonly interpreted as durophagous and possibly piscivorous pterosaurs. Fossils have been discovered from Early Cretaceous deposits in Asia, South America and possibly Europe.
Bazedoxifene
Bazedoxifene, used as bazedoxifene acetate, is a medication for bone problems and possibly (pending more study) for cancer. It is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Since late 2013 it has had U.S. FDA approval for bazedoxifene as part of the combination drug Duavee in the prevention (not treatment) of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is also being studied for possible treatment of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens, sold under the brand name Duavee among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of menopause symptoms and postmenopausal osteoporosis. It contains the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens. It is taken by mouth.

The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2013, and in the European Union in December 2014.
Kikai Sentai Zenkaiger
Kikai Sentai Zenkaiger (機界戦隊ゼンカイジャー, Kikai Sentai Zenkaijā; Mecha World Squadron Zenkaiger) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series, the 45th entry in Toei's long-running Super Sentai series, and the second produced in the Reiwa era. Additionally, it commemorates the 45th anniversary of the Super Sentai franchise and is the second special anniversary series following Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger.

The show succeeded Mashin Sentai Kiramager, joining Kamen Rider Saber, and later, Kamen Rider Revice in the Super Hero Time line-up on TV Asahi on March 7, 2021. The show's name comes from the titular team's catchphrase, "Zenryoku Zenkai" (全力全開; "full throttle"). A direct sequel, titled Avataro Sentai Donbrothers, aired following the finale.

Kamen Rider Saber
Kamen Rider Saber (仮面ライダーセイバー（聖刃）, Kamen Raidā Seibā) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama, the 31st entry of Toei Company's Kamen Rider franchise, and the second series to debut during the Reiwa period. The series premiered on September 6, 2020, joining Mashin Sentai Kiramager, and later, Kikai Sentai Zenkaiger in the Super Hero Time line-up after the finale of Kamen Rider Zero-One before being succeeded by Kamen Rider Revice on September 5, 2021. The series is notable for its use of a fantasy setting and its storybook theming.
Powerbomb
A powerbomb is a professional wrestling throw in which an opponent is lifted (usually so that they are sitting on the wrestler's shoulders) and then slammed back-first down to the mat. The standard powerbomb sees an opponent first placed in a standing headscissors position (bent forward with their head placed between the attacking wrestler's thighs). The opponent is then lifted on the wrestler's shoulders and slammed down back-first to the mat. A prawn hold is commonly used for a pinning powerbomb.

Powerbombs are sometimes used in mixed martial arts competitions, when a fighter attempts to slam another fighter who has him trapped in a triangle choke. In professional wrestling, it is also sometimes used by a bigger wrestler as a counter to an attempted hurricanrana by a smaller wrestler. While it was associated with super-heavyweight wrestlers, the move was invented by Lou Thesz.

Professional wrestling throws
Professional wrestling throws are the application of professional wrestling techniques that involve lifting the opponent up and throwing or slamming them down. They are sometimes also called "power" maneuvers, as they are meant to emphasize a wrestler's strength. Many of these moves are used as finishers by various wrestlers, who refer to them by several different names that reflect their gimmick. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.