hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Safety play
Safety play in contract bridge is a generic name for plays in which declarer maximizes the chances for fulfilling the contract (or achieving a certain score) by ignoring a chance for a higher score. Declarer uses safety plays to cope with potentially unfavorable layouts of the opponent's cards. In so doing, declarer attempts to ensure the contract even in worst-case scenarios, by giving up the possibility of overtricks.

Safety plays adapt declarer's strategy to the scoring system. In IMP-scoring tournaments and rubber bridge, the primary scoring reward comes from fulfilling the contract and overtricks are of little marginal value. Therefore, safety plays are an important part of declarer technique at quantitative scoring.

In matchpoint games, which use comparative scoring, overtricks are very important. Therefore, although safety plays have a certain role at matchpoints, they are normally avoided if the odds for making the contract are good and overtricks are likely.

Glossary of contract bridge terms
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms.

In the following entries, boldface links are external to the glossary and plain links reference other glossary entries.
Apollodorus (painter)
Apollodorus Skiagraphos (Greek: Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ σκιαγράφος) was an influential Ancient Greek painter of the 5th century BC whose work has since been entirely lost. Apollodorus left a technique behind known as skiagraphia, a way to easily produce shadow, that affected the works not only of his contemporaries but also of later generations. This shading technique uses hatched areas to give the illusion of both shadow and volume.

Skiagraphia
Skiagraphia is a painting technique developed by Ancient Greek painter Apollodorus, used to create shadows in an image.

Skiagraphia is often described as a hatching technique used to create the illusion of forms through shading. The shading is created by the use of curved lines, either by the use of hatching or cross-hatching. Within this same approach, painters can use different colors to add shade to an area.

Archaeologist Eva Keuls, using passages from Aristotle, suggested that "skiagraphia" was a technique that utilized patches of color that blend from afar, similar to the neo-impressionist paintings of Georges Seurat, but this is disputed by Elizabeth G. Pemberton, who instead suggests that the passages from Aristotle are only in relation to shade and not color.

Detail from the vergina tomb, given as an example of skiagraphia by Britannica. The original article points to the hatched, colored lines of the drapery to create shade.
Radnor Forest
Radnor Forest (Welsh: Fforest Clud) is a rock dome composed of Silurian shales, mudstones and limestone in the historic county of Radnorshire, Powys, Mid Wales. It is a forest in the medieval sense of the word (an area of land set aside for hunting). It lies within the Welsh Marches region since Offa's Dyke lies nearby to the east.

The area lies to the north of the Black Mountains and to the east of the Cambrian Mountains. Hergest Ridge is immediately to the south-east of the area (just across the English border into Herefordshire), near the small town of Kington. The highest point in the area is Rhos Fawr a broad plateau which reaches 660 metres (2,165 ft), and is equipped with a trig point to mark the summit. A similar plateau adjoining to the east, Black Mixen is the only Nuttall to have a communications mast (a radio transmitter) on its summit.

Black Mixen
Black Mixen (Welsh: Y Domen Ddu) is a subsidiary summit of Rhos Fawr or Great Rhos in the Radnor Forest. The summit is large peat bog plateau. The summit is marked with a cairn, and is next to a radio transmitter and its building.

Black Mixen is the only Nuttall to have a communications mast (a radio transmitter) on its summit. To the east is Bache Hill, to the south are the Black Mountains, to the west is the Great Rhos plateau.

The summit cairn is probably of Bronze Age date, with most peaks in the area showing similar barrowss.
Acacia parramattensis
Acacia parramattensis, commonly known as Parramatta wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae native to the Blue Mountains and surrounding regions of New South Wales. It is a tall shrub or tree to about 15 m (49 ft) in height with phyllodes (flattened leaf stalks) instead of true leaves. These are finely divided bipinnate . The yellow flowers appear over summer. It generally grows in woodland or dry sclerophyll forest on alluvial or shale-based soils, generally with some clay content.

A fast-growing plant, it regenerates after bushfire by seed or suckering and can quickly colonise disturbed areas. Likewise it adapts readily to cultivation and is used in revegetation projects.

Acacia decurrens
Acacia decurrens, commonly known as black wattle, Sydney green wattle or early green wattle and other common names, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to New South Wales, Australia. It is a tall shrub to tree with bipinnate, dark green leaves, spherical heads of golden yellow flowers and thinly leathery pods.

Cultivated throughout Australia, Acacia decurrens has naturalised in other Australian states and introduced to many other countries.
Dean Mullaney
Dean Mullaney (born June 18, 1954) is an American editor, publisher, and designer whose Eclipse Enterprises, founded in 1977, was one of the earliest independent comic-book companies. Eclipse published some of the first graphic novels and was one of the first comics publishers to champion creators' rights. In the 2000s, he established the imprint The Library of American Comics of IDW Publishing to publish hardcover collections of comic strips. Mullaney and his work have received seven Eisner Awards.

Eclipse Comics
Eclipse Comics was an American comic book publisher, one of several independent publishers during the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1978, it published the first graphic novel intended for the newly created comic book specialty store market. It was one of the first to offer royalties and creator ownership of rights.

Creators whose early work appears in Eclipse publications include Scott McCloud, Timothy Truman, Dan Brereton, James Hudnall and Chris Ware, while the publisher also produced creator-owned work by Don McGregor, Mark Evanier, Gene Colan, Alan Moore, Steve Englehart, Steve Gerber and P. Craig Russell.
"A" Is for Alibi
"A" Is for Alibi is the first mystery novel in Sue Grafton's "Alphabet" series, and was published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1982. Featuring sleuth Kinsey Millhone, it is set in the southern California city of Santa Teresa, a stand-in Santa Barbara. She wrote the book during a divorce and admits about her husband that she "would lie in bed at night thinking of ways to kill him". The New York Times gave the book a lukewarm review.

Sue Grafton
Sue Taylor Grafton (April 24, 1940 – December 28, 2017) was an American author of detective novels. She is best known as the author of the "alphabet series" ("A" Is for Alibi, etc.) featuring private investigator Kinsey Millhone in the fictional city of Santa Teresa, California. The daughter of detective novelist C. W. Grafton, she said the strongest influence on her crime novels was author Ross Macdonald. Before her success with this series, she wrote screenplays for television movies.
Cornelius Schilder
Cornelius "Cor" Schilder, M.H.M. (born 19 September 1941) is an emeritus Roman Catholic Bishop from the Netherlands. He was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ngong in Kenya from 2003 to 2009.

Mill Hill Missionaries
The Mill Hill Missionaries (MHM), officially known as the Saint Joseph's Missionary Society of Mill Hill (Latin: Societas Missionariorum S. Ioseph de Mill Hill), is a Catholic society of apostolic life founded by Herbert Vaughan in 1866.
Petrotympanic fissure
The petrotympanic fissure (also known as the glaserian fissure) is a fissure in the temporal bone that runs from the temporomandibular joint to the tympanic cavity.

The mandibular fossa is bounded, in front, by the articular tubercle; behind, by the tympanic part of the bone, which separates it from the external acoustic meatus; it is divided into two parts by a narrow slit, the petrotympanic fissure.

It opens just above and in front of the ring of bone into which the tympanic membrane is inserted; in this situation it is a mere slit about 2 mm. in length. It lodges the anterior process and anterior ligament of the malleus, and gives passage to the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery.

Anterior tympanic artery
The anterior tympanic artery (glaserian artery) is a branch of (the mandibular part of) the maxillary artery. It passes through the petrotympanic fissure to entre the middle ear where it contributes to the formation of the circular anastomosis around the tympanic membrane. It provides arterial supply to part of the lining of the middle ear. It is accompanied by the chorda tympani nerve.
Henry Baldwin Hyde
Henry Baldwin Hyde (February 15, 1834–May 2, 1899) was an American businessman.  He is notable for having founded The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States in 1859. By the time of Hyde's death, The Equitable was the largest life insurance company in the world.

Equitable Holdings
Equitable Holdings, Inc. (formerly The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company, and also known as The Equitable) is an American financial services and insurance company that was founded in 1859 by Henry Baldwin Hyde.

In 1991, French insurance firm AXA acquired majority control of Equitable. In 2004, the company officially changed its name to AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company.: 26  In January 2020, it changed its name to Equitable Holdings, Inc. following its spinoff from AXA and the related public offerings beginning in May 2018.
Enrico Bombieri
Enrico Bombieri (born 26 November 1940) is an Italian mathematician, known for his work in analytic number theory, Diophantine geometry, complex analysis, and group theory. Bombieri is currently professor emeritus in the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Bombieri won the Fields Medal in 1974 for his work on the large sieve and its application to the distribution of prime numbers.

Large sieve
The large sieve is a method (or family of methods and related ideas) in analytic number theory. It is a type of sieve where up to half of all residue classes of numbers are removed, as opposed to small sieves such as the Selberg sieve wherein only a few residue classes are removed. The method has been further heightened by the larger sieve which removes arbitrarily many residue classes.
Across Your Dreams
Across Your Dreams: Frederica von Stade Sings Brubeck is a studio crossover album. It exists in two versions. The first, released by Crofut Productions in 1995, is a 63-minute CD performed by von Stade with Edward Arron, Frank Brown, Joel Brown, Chris Brubeck, Dan Brubeck, Bill Crofut and  Mark Vinci. The second, released by Telarc in 1996, is a 58-minute CD performed by the same artists and von Stade's elder daughter, Jenny Elkus.

Frederica von Stade
Frederica von Stade (born 1 June 1945) is a former American classical singer. Best known for her work in opera, she was also a recitalist and concert artist, and she recorded more than a hundred albums and videos. She is especially associated with operas by Mozart and Rossini, and also with music by French and American composers, most notably Jake Heggie. A Chevalier of France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, twice the winner of a Grand Prix du Disque and nominated nine times for a Grammy award, she is widely regarded as the pre-eminent lyric mezzo-soprano of her generation.
George Crichton Wells
George Crichton Wells FRCP (13 July 1914 – 16 January 1999) was a dermatologist at St Thomas' Hospital and St John’s Hospital for Diseases of the Skin (now closed). He was the son of Sir Richard Wells, 1st Baronet, the brother of Sir Charles Wells, 2nd Baronet, and he gave his name to Wells' syndrome.

Sir Richard Wells, 1st Baronet
Sir Sydney Richard Wells, 1st Baronet, DL (3 August 1879 – 16 November 1957) was a British baronet, the first of the Wells baronets of Felmersham, and a Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bedford from 1922 to 1945.
2024 Mumbai crowd crush
On 27 October 2024, a fatal crowd crush occurred at the Bandra Terminus railway station in Mumbai, India. The crush injured nine people, with two reported to be in critical condition. The incident occurred as a crowd of passengers surged towards Bandra-Gorakhpur express train, resulting in overcrowding and a crush on the platform.

Bandra Terminus
Bandra Terminus (station code: BDTS) also known as Vandre Terminus (in Marathi) is a railway terminus in Bandra, Maharashtra from where trains bound for northern India and western India are scheduled regularly. It was built in the 1990s to address congestion at the main Mumbai Central station. It is one of the five railway terminus within Greater Mumbai. The other four terminals are – Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai Central, Lokmanya Tilak Terminus and Dadar. It is close to Bandra Kurla Complex, a commercially important part of Mumbai as well as Mumbai Airport.
Cloak & Dagger season 2
The second and final season of the American cable television series Cloak & Dagger, based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name, sees Tandy Bowen (Dagger) and Tyrone "Ty" Johnson (Cloak) use their superpowers together. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season is produced by ABC Signature Studios, Marvel Television, and Wandering Rocks Productions, with Pokaski serving as showrunner.

Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph star as Bowen and Johnson, with Gloria Reuben, Andrea Roth, J. D. Evermore, and Emma Lahana also starring. In July 2018, the series was renewed for a second season, with filming beginning that October.

The season premiered on April 4, 2019, and concluded on May 30 on Freeform. Freeform canceled the series on October 24, 2019.

Tyrone Johnson and Tandy Bowen (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
Tyrone "Ty" Johnson and Tandy Bowen are fictional characters primarily portrayed by Aubrey Joseph and Olivia Holt in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series, based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name. Teenagers connected through a shared childhood tragedy who acquire superpowers of darkness and light though the Roxxon Corporation before becoming romantically involved with one another, the characters were introduced in Cloak & Dagger (2018–2019). Joseph and Holt then signed a deal to return for the third season of Runaways (2019).
Maestrale-class frigate
The Maestrale class was a class of frigates of the Italian Navy. The class is composed of eight vessels, all of which were built by Fincantieri S.p.A., Riva Trigoso, except for Grecale, which was built by Fincantieri S.p.A. – Muggiano, La Spezia.

The Maestrale-class frigates were primarily designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), however the ships are highly flexible so they are also capable of anti-air and anti-surface operations. Ships of this class have been widely used in various international missions, either under NATO or UN flag, and during normal operations of the Italian Navy.

The first of these ships entered in service in early 1982. The rest of the fleet was launched over the next three years. The ships of the Maestrale class will be replaced by the Bergamini class.

Lupo-class frigate
The Lupo class is a class of frigates built by Cantieri Navali Riuniti (CNR) for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with an emphasis on anti-surface warfare (ASuW), they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela. A small run of a slightly updated version is known as the Soldati class.
Zoltan Fejer-Konnerth
Zoltan Fejer-Konnerth (born 20 July 1978) is a male former international table tennis player from Germany.

He won a silver medal at the 2004 World Team Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Timo Boll, Jörg Roßkopf, Torben Wosik and Christian Süß for Germany. He competed in men's doubles with Timo Boll at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Two years later he won a bronze medal at the 2006 World Team Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Boll, Roßkopf, Bastian Steger and Süß for Germany.

He also won three European Table Tennis Championships medals in 2002 and 2003.

Timo Boll
Timo Boll (German pronunciation: [ˈtiːmo ˈbɔl], audioⓘ; born 8 March 1981) is a German former professional table tennis player. Boll is the most successful German table tennis player of all time, having won several medals at Olympic Games, world cups, and world championships. He was  ranked world No. 1 in 2003, 2011 and in March 2018.
Rudder
A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, airship, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (usually air or water). On an airplane, the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw and p-factor and is not the primary control used to turn the airplane. A rudder operates by redirecting the fluid past the hull or fuselage, thus imparting a turning or yawing motion to the craft. In basic form, a rudder is a flat plane or sheet of material attached with hinges to the craft's stern, tail, or afterend. Often rudders are shaped to minimize hydrodynamic or aerodynamic drag. On simple watercraft, a tiller—essentially, a stick or pole acting as a lever arm—may be attached to the top of the rudder to allow it to be turned by a helmsman. In larger vessels, cables, pushrods, or hydraulics may link rudders to steering wheels. In typical aircraft, the rudder is operated by pedals via mechanical linkages or hydraulics.

Tiller
A tiller or till is a lever used to steer a vehicle. The mechanism is primarily used in watercraft, where it is attached to an outboard motor, rudder post or stock to provide leverage in the form of torque for the helmsman to turn the rudder. A tiller may also be used in vehicles outside of water, and was seen in early automobiles. On vessels, a tiller can be used by the helmsman directly pulling or pushing it, but it may also be moved remotely using tiller lines or a ship's wheel. Rapid or excessive movement of the tiller results in an increase in drag and will result in braking or slowing the boat.
Prisencolinensinainciusol
"Prisencolinensinainciusol" (pronounced [ˌprizeŋˌkɔliˌnɛnsinainˈtʃuːzol]; stylized on the single cover as "PRİSENCÓLİNENSİNÁİNCIÚSOL") is a song composed by the Italian singer Adriano Celentano, and performed by Celentano and his wife Claudia Mori. It was released as a single in 1972. Both the name of the song and its lyrics are gibberish, but are intended to represent what American English sounds like to people who do not understand English.  The song charted in several European countries.

Gibberish
Gibberish, also known as jibber-jabber or gobbledygook, is speech that is (or appears to be) nonsense: ranging across speech sounds that are not actual words, pseudowords, language games, and specialized jargon that seems nonsensical to outsiders.

Gibberish is also used as an imprecation to denigrate or tar ideas or opinions the user disagrees with or finds irksome, a rough equivalent of nonsense, folderol, balderdash, or claptrap. The implication is that the criticized expression or proposition lacks substance or congruence, as opposed to being a differing view.

The related word jibber-jabber refers to rapid talk that is difficult to understand.
Provençal quilts
The term Provençal quilting, also known as boutis, refers to the wholecloth quilts done using a stuffing technique traditionally made in the South of France from the 17th century onwards. Boutis is a Provençal word meaning 'stuffing', describing how two layers of fabric are quilted together with stuffing sandwiched between sections of the design, creating a raised effect. The three main forms of the Provençal quilt are matelassage, piqûre de Marseilles (also known as Marseilles work or piqué marseillais), and boutis. These terms, along with trapunto are often debated and confused, but they are all forms of stuffed quilting associated with the region.

Trapunto quilting
Trapunto, from the Italian for "to quilt", is a method of quilting that is also called "stuffed technique". A puffy, decorative feature, trapunto utilizes at least two layers, the underside of which is slit and padded, producing a raised surface on the quilt.
Shura Kitata
Shura Kitata Tola (born 9 June 1996) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in the marathon and half-marathon. He has raced in several World Marathon Majors, including the 2020 London Marathon, where he won the race in a time of 2:05:41, beating Kenya's Eliud Kipchoge, and the 2018 London Marathon where he finished in second place behind him. His other best performances include the 2017 Rome Marathon and 2017 Frankfurt Marathon victories and second places at the 2018 and 2022 New York City Marathon.

2022 New York City Marathon
The 2022 New York City Marathon, the 51st running of that city's premier long-distance race, was held on November 6, 2022. The race followed its traditional route, which passes through all five boroughs of New York City. 47,839 people finished the event. It was the warmest New York City Marathon on record, with peak temperatures of 75 °F (24 °C).

The elite races were won by Evans Chebet and Sharon Lokedi, both from Kenya, in 2:08:41 and 2:23:23 respectively. The wheelchair competitions were won by Marcel Hug of Switzerland and Susannah Scaroni of the United States, in course record times of 1:25:26 and 1:42:43 respectively.
John Wolfenden, Baron Wolfenden
John Frederick Wolfenden, Baron Wolfenden, CBE (26 June 1906 – 18 January 1985) was a British educationalist known for chairing the Wolfenden Committee whose report recommended the decriminalisation of homosexuality in the UK. He was headmaster of Uppingham and Shrewsbury public schools.

Wolfenden report
The Report of the Departmental Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution (better known as the Wolfenden report, after Sir John Wolfenden, the chairman of the committee) was published in the United Kingdom on 4 September 1957 after a succession of well-known men, including Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, Michael Pitt-Rivers, John Gielgud and Peter Wildeblood were convicted of homosexual offences.
Heart River (Alberta)
The Heart River is a river in northern Alberta, Canada. It is a major tributary of the Peace River.

The motto of the village of Nampa, Alberta is A Place close to the Heart, a reference to the river flowing through the community.

Nampa, Alberta
Nampa is a village in northern Alberta, Canada. It is 27 km (17 mi) south of the Town of Peace River on Highway 2. Heart River crosses the Highway 2 just north of community. Canadian National Railway owned railway traverses the village. Nampa is an Indigenous word for 'the Place'.
Mitsuhama, Ehime
Mitsuhama (三津浜), formerly also known as Mitsugahama, is former town of Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. The port operates local ferries.

In October, 1888, the Iyotetsu light railway line connecting Mitsuhama with Matsuyama began operation.

Mitsuhama absorbed the village of Furumitsu in 1925 and Shinhama in 1937. In 1940 Mitsuhama was merged into the city of Matsuyama.

Matsuyama
Matsuyama (松山市, Matsuyama-shi; Japanese: [matsɯꜜjama]) is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture, on the island of Shikoku, in Japan and is also Shikoku's largest city. As of 1 October 2022, the city had an estimated population of 494,100 in 243,541 households and a population density of 1,200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 429.35 square kilometres (165.77 sq mi).