hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Ricard
Paul Louis Marius Ricard (French pronunciation: [pɔl lwi maʁjys ʁikaʁ]; July 9, 1909 – November 7, 1997) was a French industrialist and creator of an eponymous pastis brand which merged in 1975 with its competitor Pernod to create Pernod Ricard. Ricard was also an environmentalist and the developer of two Mediterranean islands, as well as the builder of the Circuit Paul Ricard in Le Castellet.

Circuit Paul Ricard
The Circuit Paul Ricard (French pronunciation: [siʁkɥi pɔl ʁikaʁ]) is a French motorsport race track built in 1969 at Le Castellet, Var, near Marseille, with finance from pastis magnate Paul Ricard. Ricard wanted to experience the challenge of building a racetrack. The circuit has hosted the FIA Formula One French Grand Prix intermittently from 1971 to 2022.
24th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 24th Army Tank Brigade was an armoured brigade of the British Army. It was embodied in the United Kingdom at the outbreak of the Second World War. On 1 November 1940, it was redesignated as the 24th Armoured Brigade and reorganized. In July 1942, it transferred to Egypt and took part in the Western Desert campaign, notably the Second Battle of El Alamein. The Headquarters was disbanded in the Middle East on 1 March 1943.

Second Battle of El Alamein
The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt.

In October 1942 Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery,  commander of Eighth Army, opened his offensive against the Axis forces. In a 13-day battle the Axis Panzerarmee Afrika was crushed and forced to retreat from Egypt and Libya to the borders of Tunisia. The Allied victory at El Alamein was the beginning of the end of the Western Desert Campaign.

The battle ended the Axis threat to the Middle East and Iran and revived the morale of the western Allies, being their first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The end of the battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch on 8 November, which opened a second front in North Africa.
Kannedhirey Thondrinal
Kannedhirey Thondrinal (transl. She appeared before the eyes) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by newcomer Ravichandran. The film stars Prashanth and Simran. It was released on 11 September 1998, and was commercially successful. Owing to its success, the film was remade in Telugu as Manasulo Maata (1998), in Kannada as Snehaloka (1999), in Malayalam as Dhosth (2001), in Bengali as Sangee (2003) and in Marathi as Friends (2016).

Dhosth (2001 Malayalam film)
Dhosth (transl. Friend) is a 2001 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy action film directed by Thulasidas. Kunchacko Boban and Dileep share the title roles along with Kavya Madhavan, Jagathy Sreekumar, Kalabhavan Mani and Shiju in supporting roles, with Jayasurya making a cameo appearance. It is a remake of the Tamil film Kannedhirey Thondrinal (1998). The film was a box office success.
San Pedro Creek
San Pedro Creek (Spanish for St. Peter) is a perennial stream in the City of Pacifica, San Mateo County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area whose tributaries originate on Sweeney Ridge in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Montara Mountain in the Santa Cruz Mountains.The creek mainstem flows 2.5 miles (4.0 km) through the San Pedro Valley to its mouth near Shelter Cove of the Pacific Ocean The stream is notable as the 1769 campsite for Gaspar de Portolà before he ascended Sweeney Ridge and discovered San Francisco Bay.

The south fork of San Pedro Creek became a trout farm, operated by John Gay, until 1962, when storm rains washed out the entire operation. The south fork is a seasonal water source for the City of Pacifica.

North Fork (San Pedro Creek)
North Fork is the largest tributary of San Pedro Creek in Pacifica, San Mateo County, California in the San Francisco Bay Area. North fork enters San Pedro Creek from the northeast less than 0.5 mile downstream from the junction of South Fork and Middle Fork.

37°34′47″N 122°28′24″W﻿ / ﻿37.57966°N 122.473309°W﻿ / 37.57966; -122.473309
James Harper (publisher)
James Harper (April 13, 1795 – March 27, 1869) was an American publisher and politician. Along with his brother John, Harper formed publishing company J. & J. Harper (now Harper) in 1817. He incorporated his brothers Joseph and Fletcher into the company in 1825, changing its name to Harper & Brothers.

Harper company's first successful publishing was Maria Monk's Awful Disclosures in 1836. Eight years later, Harper was elected as the 66th mayor of New York City. Beginning his term as mayor in 1844, his tenure was cut short by an ousting in April 1845. Outside of publishing and politics, Harper was a trustee of Vassar College until his death in 1869. Harper's company was later merged with another publisher to form Harper & Row in 1962 and HarperCollins in 1990 under the News Corporation banner.

Harper (publisher)
Harper is an American publishing house, the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins, based in New York City. Founded in New York in 1817 by James Harper and his brother John, the company operated as J. & J. Harper until 1833, when it changed its name to Harper & Brothers, reflecting the inclusion of Joseph and Fletcher Harper. Harper began publishing Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and other periodicals beginning in the 1850s. From 1962 to 1990, the company was known as Harper & Row after its merger with Row, Peterson & Company. Harper & Row was purchased in 1987 by News Corporation and combined with William Collins, Sons, its United Kingdom counterpart, in 1990 to form HarperCollins, although the Harper name has been used in its place since 2007.
André Moyen
André Michel Moyen was a Belgian teacher, journalist, and intelligence agent. In World War II, Moyen was a member of the Belgian Resistance, and during the Cold War, he founded the Belgian Anticommunist Bloc (BACB). He was a member of the Belgian General Information and Security Service (GISS). During the war, Andre also coordinated activities in Belgium for the Office of Strategic Services, and his OSS contact Robert Solberg. Throughout his life, he groomed hundreds of intelligence agents in Belgium, Africa and Asia where he served as intelligence advisor to several governments. Historians have linked Moyen's "stay-behind network" to high-profile anti-communist actions and attacks during the Cold War, most notably the 1950 murder of Julien Lahaut.

Julien Lahaut
Julien-Victor Lahaut (6 September 1884 – 18 August 1950) was a Belgian politician and communist activist who served as president of the Communist Party of Belgium from 1945 to 1950. An important figure during the German occupation of 1940–44, he became a vocal advocate for the abolition of the Belgian monarchy during the post-war Royal Question. His assassination in August 1950, at the height of the crisis, was linked to anti-communist and royalist elements inside the Belgian intelligence services by a team of historians in 2015; however, the murder remains officially unsolved.
Tavares, Eustis & Gulf Railroad
The Tavares, Eustis & Gulf Railroad (TE&G), advertised as the Orange Blossom Cannonball, was a tourist railroad company operating excursion trains on historic track owned by the Florida Central Railroad, from October 2011 to late March 2017. It had stops in three cities in the northern portion of Central Florida. The TE&G was a subsidiary of the Reader Railroad, based in Arkansas.

Inland Lakes Railway
The Inland Lakes Railway, later known as Florida Rail Adventures, was a tourist railroad located in the northwestern portion of Central Florida. The railway operated several excursion trains ranging from a five course dinner train to sightseeing excursions throughout Lake and Orange Counties. The company operated through a lease agreement with the Florida Central Railroad, the owner of the tracks. Trains operated between the towns of Mount Dora, Tavares, Eustis, Lake Jem, and Orlando.

Florida Rail Adventures no longer operates and has been divesting itself of equipment.
Jabez Wolffe
Jacob Abraham "Jabez" "Jappy" Wolffe (19 November 1876 – 22 October 1943) was a Scottish long-distance swimmer and author of swimming books. He attempted but failed to swim the English Channel 22 times, between 1906 and 1921. He came closest to success in the September of 1919, with an attempt of 14 hours 55 minutes, from Shakespeare Cliff, Dover, England "to within a quarter of a mile of the French coast". He is also known for the differing historical accounts of his role as a trainer in the first, failed attempt of Gertrude Ederle to swim the channel.

Gertrude Ederle
Gertrude Caroline Ederle (/ˈɛdərli/; October 23, 1905 – November 30, 2003) was an American competition swimmer, Olympic champion, and world record-holder in five events. On August 6, 1926, she became the first woman to swim across the English Channel. Among other nicknames, the press called her "Queen of the Waves".
Nativity of Our Lord Catholic Church, Chicago
Nativity of Our Lord Catholic Church is one of the oldest churches in Chicago, Illinois, founded in 1868. The church was designed by noted architect Patrick Keely, an architectural designer prominent throughout the 19th century.  He also designed the Holy Name Cathedral in downtown Chicago.

Nativity of Our Lord Parish is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago and is located in the city's Bridgeport neighborhood. Prominent church members include former Chicago Mayors Richard J. Daley and Richard M. Daley, as well as William M. Daley, former U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Chief of Staff for the Obama administration, and former State Senator and Representative and current Cook County Commissioner John P. Daley.

Patrick Keely
Patrick Charles Keely (August 9, 1816 — August 11, 1896) was an Irish-American architect based in Brooklyn, New York, and Providence, Rhode Island. He designed nearly 600 churches and hundreds of other buildings for the Catholic Church or Catholic patrons in the United States and Canada, particularly in New York City, Boston and Chicago in the later half of the 19th century. He designed every 19th-century Catholic cathedral in New England. Several other church and institutional architects began their careers in his firm.
April 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
April 14 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - April 16

All fixed commemorations below are observed on April 28 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For April 15th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 2.

April 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
April 15 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - April 17

All fixed commemorations below are observed on April 29 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For April 16th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 3.
Jim Stynes
James Peter Stynes OAM (23 April 1966 – 20 March 2012) was an Irish footballer who converted from Gaelic football to Australian rules football and the first international player to be inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2003. Playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), he was one of the game's most prominent figures, setting the record for most consecutive games of VFL/AFL football with 244 (until it was beaten by Jack Crisp in 2025) and winning the sport's highest individual honour, the Brownlow Medal, in 1991. Off the field, he was a notable AFL administrator, philanthropist, charity worker and writer.

1991 Brownlow Medal
The 1991 Brownlow Medal was the 64th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Jim Stynes of the Melbourne Football Club was declared the outright winner of the medal count, becoming the fifth individual to win the award while playing for Melbourne.
Trailokya
Trailokya (Sanskrit: त्रैलोक्य; Kannada: ತ್ರೈಲೋಕ್ಯ; Pali: tiloka, Tibetan: khams gsum; Chinese: 三界; Vietnamese: Tam Giới) literally means "three worlds". It can also refer to "three spheres," "three planes of existence," and "three realms".

Various schemas of three realms (tri-loka) appear in the main Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Loka
Loka (Sanskrit: लोक) is a concept in Hinduism and other Indian religions, that may be translated as a planet, the universe, a plane, or a realm of existence. In some philosophies, it may also be interpreted as a mental state that one can experience. A primary concept in several Indian religions is the idea that different lokas are home to various divine beings, and one takes birth in such realms based on their karma.
Ethernet Ring Protection Switching
Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS) is an effort at ITU-T under G.8032 Recommendation to provide sub-50ms protection and recovery switching for Ethernet traffic in a ring topology and at the same time ensuring that there are no loops formed at the Ethernet layer.  This ITU-T specification is directly based on  and derived from the Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching technology developed and patented by Extreme Networks.  G.8032v1 supported a single ring topology and G.8032v2 supports multiple rings/ladder topology.

Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching
Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS) is used to create a fault tolerant topology by configuring a primary and secondary path for each VLAN.

Invented by Extreme Networks and submitted to IETF as RFC3619.  The idea is to provide highly available Ethernet switched rings (commonly used in Metro Ethernet) to replace legacy TDM based transport protection fiber rings. Other implementations include Ethernet Protection Switching Ring (EPSR) by Allied Telesis which enhanced EAPS to provide full protected transport of IP Triple Play services (voice, video and internet traffic) for xDSL/FTTx deployments. EAPS/EPSR is the most widely deployed Ethernet protection switching solution deployed with major multi-vendor inter-operability support. The EAPS/EPSR are the basis of the ITU G.8032 Ethernet Protection recommendation.
Constance, Duchess of Brittany
Constance (Breton: Konstanza; c. 1161 – c. 5 September 1201) was Duchess of Brittany from 1166 to her death in 1201 and Countess of Richmond from 1171 to 1201. Constance was the daughter of Duke Conan IV by his wife, Margaret of Huntingdon, a sister of the Scottish kings Malcolm IV and William I. Her first husband was Geoffrey, fourth son of King Henry II of England.

Earl of Richmond
The now-extinct title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England.  The earldom of Richmond was initially held by various Breton nobles; sometimes the holder was the Breton duke himself, including one member of the cadet branch of the French Capetian dynasty. The historical ties between the Duchy of Brittany and this English earldom were maintained ceremonially by the Breton dukes even after England ceased to recognize the Breton dukes as earls of England and those dukes rendered homage to the King of France, rather than the English crown. It was then held either by members of the English royal families of  Plantagenet and Tudor, or English nobles closely associated with the English crown. It was eventually merged into the English crown during the reign of Henry VII of England and has been recreated as a dukedom.
Maximus of Ephesus
Maximus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: Μάξιμος ὁ Ἐφέσιος; c. 310 – 372 AD) was a Neoplatonist philosopher. He is said to have come from a rich family, and exercised great influence over the emperor Julian, who was commended to him by Aedesius. Maximus pandered to the emperor's love of magic and theurgy and won a high position at court, where his overbearing manner made him numerous enemies. He spent an interval in prison after the death of Julian, and eventually was executed by Valens.

Eusebius of Myndus
Eusebius of Myndus (Ancient Greek: Εὐσέβιος) was a 4th-century philosopher, a distinguished Neoplatonist. He is described by Eunapius as one of the links in the "Golden Chain" of Neoplatonism.

He was a pupil of Aedesius of Pergamum. He devoted himself principally to logic and ventured to criticize the magical and theurgic side of the doctrine. By this he exasperated the later Emperor Julian, who preferred the mysticism of Maximus and Chrysanthius.
Ijevan Wine-Brandy Factory
Ijevan Wine-Brandy Factory (Armenian: Իջևանի գինու-կոնյակի գործարան (Ijevani Ginu-Konyaki Gortsaran)), is a leading enterprise of Armenia for the production of wine, fruit wine and brandy. The factory was opened in 1951 in Ijevan during the Soviet period.

The factory is located on Yerevan Street 9, Ijevan, Tavush Province.

Tavush Province
Tavush (Armenian: Տավուշ, Armenian pronunciation: [tɑˈvuʃ] ⓘ) is a province of Armenia located at the northeast of Armenia, bordered by Georgia from the north and Azerbaijan from the east. Internally, Tavush borders the Gegharkunik Province from the south, Kotayk Province from the southwest, and the Lori Province from west. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ijevan.
Chorismic acid
Chorismic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form chorismate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms. It is a precursor for:

The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine

Indole, indole derivatives and tryptophan

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) used for enterobactin biosynthesis

The plant hormone salicylic acid

Many alkaloids and other aromatic metabolites.

The folate precursor para-aminobenzoate (pABA)

The biosynthesis of vitamin K and folate in plants and microorganisms.

The name chorismic acid derives from a classical Greek word χωρίζω meaning "to separate", because the compound plays a role as a branch-point in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.

4-Aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic acid (also known as para-aminobenzoic acid or PABA because the two functional groups are attached to the benzene ring across from one another in the para position) is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4CO2H.  PABA is a white crystalline solid, although commercial samples can appear gray.  It is slightly soluble in water.  It consists of a benzene ring substituted with amino and carboxyl groups.  The compound occurs extensively in the natural world.
Stdarg.h
<stdarg.h> is a header in the C standard library of the C programming language that allows functions to accept an indefinite number of arguments. It provides facilities for stepping through a list of function arguments of unknown number and type.  C++ provides this functionality in the header <cstdarg>.

The contents of <stdarg.h> are typically used in variadic functions, though they may be used in other functions (for example, vprintf) called by variadic functions.

Variadic function
In mathematics and in computer programming, a variadic function is a function of indefinite arity, i.e., one which accepts a variable number of arguments. Support for variadic functions differs widely among programming languages.

The term variadic is a neologism, dating back to 1936/1937. The term was not widely used until the 1970s.
Ashley Wagner
Ashley Elisabeth Wagner (born May 16, 1991) is an American former competitive figure skater. She is the 2016 World silver medalist, a 2014 Olympic bronze medalist in the  team event, the 2012 Four Continents champion, a three-time Grand Prix Final medalist (1 silver, 2 bronze), a thirteen-time Grand Prix medalist (5 gold, 3 silver, 5 bronze), and a three-time U.S. national champion (2012, 2013, and 2015). Wagner competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, and placed 7th. At the junior level, Wagner is a two-time World Junior bronze medalist (2007, 2009), the 2006-07 Junior Grand Prix Final silver medalist, a two-time Junior Grand Prix medalist (2 gold), and the 2007 U.S. junior bronze medalist.

Wagner joined NBC as a color commentator for the 2020 European Figure Skating Championships. She provided figure skating analysis for NBC's world feed at the 2024 U.S. Championships alongside fellow figure skater and former training mate Adam Rippon.

2016 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2016 ISU World Figure Skating Championships took place March 28 – April 3, 2016 in Boston, Massachusetts. Figure skaters competed for the title of World champion in men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs and ice dancing. This marked the first time Boston was host to the World Figure Skating Championships. The competition determined the number of athlete slots for each federation at the 2017 World Championships.
Estádio da Serrinha
Estádio Hailé Pinheiro, better known as Estádio da Serrinha, is a multi-use stadium located in Goiânia, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Goiás Esporte Clube. The stadium has currently a maximum capacity of 14,450 people.

Goiás Esporte Clube
Goiás Esporte Clube is a Brazilian sports club, best known for its association football team, located in the city of Goiânia, capital city of the Brazilian state of Goiás. Goiás has won Brazilian's second tier Série B twice, in 1999 and 2012, 28 Campeonato Goiano, 3 Copa Centro-Oeste and also its revival, the Copa Verde once in 2023. Goiás' football team has been a mainstay in premiere Brazilian league Série A and has played at Latin America's Copa Libertadores twice and South America's Copa Sudamericana six times, where it was the runner-up in 2010. Its main rivals are Vila Nova, Atlético Goianiense and Goiânia. Goiás has a wide advantage in matches between the two teams.
2014 NCAA Division I cross country championships
The 2014 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships were the 76th NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship and the 34th NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship held at the LaVern Gibson Cross Country Course in Terre Haute, Indiana near the campus of Indiana State University on November 22, 2014. Four different cross country running championships were contested: men's and women's individual and team championships.

On the men's side, the team national championship was won by the Colorado Buffaloes, their fifth, and second consecutive, title, while the individual championship was won by Edward Cheserek, his second consecutive title, from Oregon. On the women's side, the team championship was won by the Michigan State Spartans, their first title, and the individual championship was won by Kate Avery of Iona, her first title.

NCAA Division I women's cross country championships
The NCAA Division I women's cross country championships are contested at an annual meet hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team national champions of women's collegiate cross country running among its Division I members in the United States. The championships have been every year since 1981, except for 2020.

Teams and individual runners qualify for the championship at regional competitions approximately a week before the national championships.

Villanova have been the most successful program, with nine team and nine individual titles.

NC State are the reigning national champions, winning their fourth title in 2025.