hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anatoly Maslov
Anatoly Alexandrovich Maslov (Russian: Анатолий Александрович Маслов; born 7 August 1946) is a Russian physicist and a professor at the Aerohydrodynamic Department at the Novosibirsk State Technical University, specialist in the field of laminar–turbulent transition.

Dmitry Kolker
Dmitry Borisovich Kolker (Russian: Дмитрий Борисович Колкер; 7 June 1968 – 2 July 2022) was a Russian physicist, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, member of the Institute of Laser Physics, head of the Laboratory of Quantum Optical Technologies of Novosibirsk State University.

On 30 June 2022, Kolker was arrested on suspicion of passing information to China. He was in hospital suffering from advanced pancreatic cancer when he was arrested. He was flown to Moscow and put into prison where he died shortly afterwards.
Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.

Iris versicolor
Iris versicolor or Iris versicolour is also commonly known as the blue flag, harlequin blueflag, larger blue flag, northern blue flag, and poison flag, plus other variations of these names, and in Great Britain and Ireland as purple iris.

It is a species of Iris native to North America, in Eastern Canada and the Eastern United States. It is common in sedge meadows, marshes, and along streambanks and shores. The specific epithet versicolor means "variously coloured".

It is one of the three Iris species in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems" as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Snowy (military dog)
Snowy RWP, also known as  Commando Snowy (service number S/080), was a Golden Labrador Retriever who served as a tracking dog for the Sri Lanka Army during the Sri Lankan Civil War. Snowy was attached to the 4th Commando regiment and handled by Lance corporal D. H. P. Sampath.  After serving in various fronts of the war, Snowy was injured by a grenade on 15 March 2008 while tracking an LTTE infiltration unit in Kambilioya, Weli Oya. Snowy received a Rana Wickrama Padakkama medal for his actions, the first dog to receive such an honour in Sri Lankan military history. He died on 24 May 2011 while recuperating from injuries received during a mission.

Rana Wickrama Padakkama
The Rana Wickrama Padakkama (RWP, Combat Gallantry Medal) (Sinhala: රණ වික්‍රම පදක්කම) is awarded to Sri Lankan military service personnel serving in both the regular- and volunteer forces as a reward for:

...individual or associated acts of bravery in the face of the enemy and performed voluntarily...

Bars could be awarded for further acts of gallantry meriting the award for a second and third time, denoted by a star in the ribbon bar for each additional award. The award is the only one to have been awarded to a military animal in Sri Lanka.
Bivalent (genetics)
In cellular biology, a bivalent is one pair of chromosomes (homologous chromosomes) in a tetrad. A tetrad is the association of a pair of  homologous chromosomes (4 sister chromatids) physically held together by at least one DNA crossover. This physical attachment allows for alignment and segregation of the homologous chromosomes in the first meiotic division. In most organisms, each replicated chromosome (composed of two identical sisters chromatid) elicits formation of DNA double-strand breaks during the leptotene phase. These breaks are repaired by homologous recombination, that uses the homologous chromosome as a template for repair. The search for the homologous target, helped by numerous proteins collectively referred as the synaptonemal complex, cause the two homologs to pair, between the leptotene and the pachytene phases of meiosis I.

Chromosomal crossover
Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called synapsis. Synapsis is usually initiated before the synaptonemal complex develops and is not completed until near the end of prophase I. Crossover usually occurs when matching regions on matching chromosomes break and then reconnect to the other chromosome, resulting in chiasma which are the visible evidence of crossing over.
Shortbread
Shortbread or shortie is a traditional Scottish biscuit usually made from one part white sugar, two parts butter and three to four parts plain wheat flour. Shortbread does not contain leavening, such as baking powder or baking soda. Shortbread is widely associated with Christmas and Hogmanay festivities in Scotland, and some Scottish brands are exported around the world.

Hogmanay
Hogmanay (/ˈhɒɡməneɪ, ˌhɒɡməˈneɪ/ HOG-mə-nay, -⁠NAY, Scots: [ˌhɔɡməˈneː]) is the Scots word for the last day of the old year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year in the Scottish manner. It is normally followed by further celebration on the morning of New Year's Day (1 January) and, in some cases, 2 January—a Scottish bank holiday. In a few contexts, the word Hogmanay is used more loosely to describe the entire period consisting of the last few days of the old year and the first few days of the new year. For instance, not all events held under the banner of Edinburgh's Hogmanay take place on 31st of December.

Customs vary throughout Scotland and usually include gift-giving and visiting the homes of friends and neighbours, with particular attention given to the first-foot, the first guest of the new year.
Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus
Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus (died before 216 BC) was a politician during the Roman Republic.  Born into the prominent patrician family of the Manlii Torquati, he had a distinguished career, becoming censor in 247 BC, then twice consul in 244 and 241 BC, and possibly princeps senatus in 220 BC.  Despite these prestigious magistracies, little is known about his life.  He was a commander who served during the First Punic War, and might have pushed for the continuation of the war even after Carthage had sued for peace following the Roman victory at the Aegate Islands in 241 BC.  The same year, he suppressed the revolt of the Faliscans in central Italy, for which he was awarded a triumph.  At this occasion, he may have introduced the cult of Juno Curitis at Rome.

Titus Manlius Torquatus (consul 235 BC)
Titus Manlius Torquatus (before 279 BC – 202 BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic.  He had a long and distinguished career, being consul in 235 BC and 224 BC, censor in 231 BC, and dictator in 208 BC.  He was an ally of Fabius Maximus "Cunctator".
Have Your Beer
"Have Your Beer" is a song recorded by Canadian country artist MacKenzie Porter. She wrote the song with Lydia Vaughan, Parker Welling, and Jason Massey, and it was produced by Joey Moi. It was released to country radio stations in Canada and Australia as the fourth single from Porter's 2024 album, Nobody's Born with a Broken Heart.

Nobody's Born with a Broken Heart
Nobody's Born with a Broken Heart is the second studio album by Canadian country music artist MacKenzie Porter. It was released on April 26, 2024, on Big Loud Records. Porter wrote nine of the nineteen tracks on the album, and longtime collaborator Joey Moi produced every track. The album includes the singles "Pickup", "Chasing Tornadoes", "Bet You Break My Heart", "Easy to Miss", and "Have Your Beer".
Battle of the Bulge Monument
The Battle of the Bulge Monument formerly known as the Mardasson Memorial is a monument honoring the memory of American soldiers wounded or killed during World War II's Battle of the Bulge.  Designed in the shape of a five-pointed American star, it is located near Bastogne in the Luxembourg province of Belgium. The first step toward the memorial was undertaken on July 4, 1946, with the presentation of some earth from the site to U.S. President Harry Truman.  The dedication was on July 16, 1950.

Bastogne
Bastogne (French pronunciation: [bastɔɲ] ⓘ; Dutch: Bastenaken [ˈbɑstəˌnaːkə(n)] ⓘ; German: Bastnach/Bastenach [ˈbast(ə)nax]; Luxembourgish: Baaschtnech [ˈbaːʃtnəɕ] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg in the Ardennes, Belgium.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Bastogne, Longvilly, Noville, Villers-la-Bonne-Eau, and Wardin. The town is situated on a ridge in the Ardennes at an elevation of 510 metres (1,670 ft).

On 2 December 2024, it merged with Bertogne into a new municipality.
The Mammals
The Mammals are a contemporary folk rock band based in the Hudson Valley area of New York, in the United States.

The band tours internationally and consists of founding members and principal songwriters Mike Merenda (guitar, banjo) and Ruth Ungar (fiddle, guitar) plus Konrad Meissner (drums) and a rotating cast of players on bass, organ, and pedal steel.

The Mammals sing and play in a style heavily influenced by traditional folk, soul, old-time, blues, Cajun, Celtic and rock and roll. Their lyrics sometimes address political and environmental concerns; topics such as war, social justice, and sustainability. Ungar is the daughter of fiddler and composer Jay Ungar, who is best known for his composition Ashokan Farewell which the band also performs.

Michael J. Merenda Jr.
Michael J. Merenda Jr. is a singer-songwriter with the American folk band, the Mammals. He plays guitar, banjo, ukulele and percussion. He also has a solo career and performs with the Jay Ungar and Molly Mason Family Band.
CIELAB color space
The CIELAB color space, also referred to as L*a*b*, is a color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE) in 1976. It expresses color as three values: L* for perceptual lightness and a* and b* for the four unique colors of human vision: red, green, blue and yellow.  CIELAB was intended as a perceptually uniform space, where a given numerical change corresponds to a similar perceived change in color. While the LAB space is not truly perceptually uniform, it nevertheless is useful in industry for detecting small differences in color.

Like the CIEXYZ space it derives from, CIELAB color space is a device-independent, "standard observer" model. The colors it defines are not relative to any particular device such as a computer monitor or a printer, but instead relate to the CIE standard observer which is an averaging of the results of color matching experiments under laboratory conditions.

CIELUV
In colorimetry, the CIE 1976 L*, u*, v* color space, commonly known by its abbreviation CIELUV, is a color space adopted by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, as a simple-to-compute transformation of the 1931 CIE XYZ color space, which attempted perceptual uniformity.  It is extensively used for applications such as computer graphics which deal with colored lights. Although additive mixtures of different colored lights will fall on a line in CIELUV's uniform chromaticity diagram (called the CIE 1976 UCS), such additive mixtures will not, contrary to popular belief, fall along a line in the CIELUV color space unless the mixtures are constant in lightness.
R.E.M. Live
R.E.M. Live is a live album from R.E.M., recorded at the Point Theatre, Dublin, Ireland, on February 26 and 27, 2005, the closing nights of the winter European leg of the Around the World Tour in support of their thirteenth studio album Around the Sun, released in late 2004. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 15, 2007, and in the United States a day later as a two-CD audio set and a DVD, then released in February 2008 as a triple vinyl set. The performance was filmed by Blue Leach, who also directed Depeche Mode's Touring the Angel: Live in Milan.

R.E.M. Live features rare performances of "I Took Your Name" from 1994's Monster and "Ascent of Man" from Around the Sun, as well as the previously unreleased "I'm Gonna DJ". A studio version of that song appeared on the band's 2008 release, Accelerate.

On September 26, 2007, the band launched R.E.M. Live Zine to solicit reviews from fans and promote the album.

The DVD has the option for stereo or digital 5.1 surround sound.

Around the Sun
Around the Sun is the thirteenth studio album by American alternative rock band R.E.M., released on October 5, 2004 on Warner Bros. Records. The album was supported by several singles and a world tour. It was commercially successful but received mixed reception and is often considered the weakest in the band's catalogue.
ISTUD
ISTUD (acronym for the Italian "Istituto Studi Direzionali" or Institute of Management Studies) is one of Italy's most important business schools that specializes in executive education, advanced lifelong learning, and management research. Its campus is located in Baveno, Piedmont.

Academic offers include a Master's degree in Human Resources programme, a Master in Marketing Management programme, a Master in Green Management programme, and several executive education programmes. ISTUD is also an international centre for research on topics relating to innovation, management, organisational change and socio-economic development.

Baveno
Baveno is a town and comune in the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, part of Piedmont, northern Italy. It is on the west shore of Lago Maggiore, 21 kilometres (13 mi) northwest of Arona by rail.

To the north-west are the famous red granite quarries, which have supplied the columns for the Cathedral of Milan, the church of San Paolo fuori le Mura at Rome, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele at Milan and other important buildings.
Bennie Lee Sinclair
Bennie Lee Sinclair (April 15, 1939 – May 22, 2000) was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. She was named by Governor Richard Wilson Riley as the fifth South Carolina Poet Laureate from 1986 to 2000.

South Carolina Poet Laureate
The South Carolina Poet Laureate is the poet laureate for the state of South Carolina. As of October 2020, the position was vacant following the resignation of Marjory Heath Wentworth after 17 years in the post. No term of office is set by law. Laureates are appointed by the Governor of South Carolina.
Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence
Alessandro de' Medici (22 July 1510 – 6 January 1537), nicknamed "il Moro" due to his dark complexion, Duke of Penne and the first Duke of the Florentine Republic (from 1532), was ruler of Florence from 1530 to his death in 1537. The first Medici to rule Florence as a hereditary monarch, Alessandro was also the last Medici from the senior line of the family to lead the city. His assassination at the hands of distant cousin Lorenzaccio caused the title of Duke to pass to Cosimo I de Medici, from the family's junior branch.

Giulia de' Medici
Giulia Romola di Alessandro de' Medici (c. 1535 – c. 1588) was the illegitimate daughter of Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence and his mistress Taddea Malaspina.

Following her father's assassination, she was reared at the court of Cosimo I de' Medici and married advantageously twice.
Grunt Records
Grunt Records was a vanity label founded in 1971 by Jefferson Airplane and distributed by RCA Records.  Initially created to sign local Bay Area acts, the label later was used only for Jefferson Starship and Hot Tuna releases.  The label ended use in 1987 after Grace Slick left Starship.

Hot Tuna
Hot Tuna is an American blues rock band formed in 1969 by former Jefferson Airplane members Jorma Kaukonen (guitar/vocals) and Jack Casady (bass). Although it has always been a fluid aggregation, with musicians coming and going over the years, the band's center has always been Kaukonen and Casady's ongoing collaboration.
Kansas City Power and Light Building
The Kansas City Power and Light Building (also called the KCP&L Building and the Power and Light Building) is a landmark skyscraper located in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri. It was constructed by Kansas City Power and Light President and Edison Pioneer, Joseph F. Porter in 1931 as a way to promote new jobs in Downtown Kansas City. Since then, the Art Deco building has been a prominent part of Kansas City's skyline. The structure was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River upon its completion after succeeding the Smith Tower until the completion of the Space Needle in 1962. The east façade of the building faces the Power & Light District (which bears its name), and the building's iconic lantern appears on promotional materials and signage for the district and even Kansas City as a whole.

Downtown Kansas City
Downtown Kansas City is the central business district (CBD) of Kansas City, Missouri and the Kansas City metropolitan area which contains 3.8% of the area's employment. It is between the Missouri River in the north, to 31st Street in the south; and from the Kansas–Missouri state line eastward to Bruce R. Watkins Drive as defined by the Downtown Council of Kansas City; the 2010 Greater Downtown Area Plan formulated by the City of Kansas City defines the Greater Downtown Area to be the city limits of North Kansas City and Missouri to the north, the Kansas–Missouri state line to the west, 31st Street to the south and Woodland Avenue to the east. However, the definition used by the Downtown Council is the most commonly accepted.

In March 2012, downtown Kansas City was selected as one of America's Best downtowns by Forbes magazine for its rich culture in arts, numerous fountains, upscale shopping, and local cuisine such as barbecue.
Blue Funk
Blue Funk is the fourth studio album by American hip hop group Heavy D & the Boyz. It was released on December 22, 1992, via Uptown Records. The recording sessions took place at The Hit Factory, Soundtrack Studios, Axis Studios, Greene St. Recording and D&D Studios in New York. The album was produced by Jesse West, Pete Rock, Tony Dofat, DJ Premier, Skeff Anselm, Steely & Clevie, with DJ Eddie F, Heavy D, and Puff Daddy serving as executive producers. It features guest appearances from 3rd Eye, Busta Rhymes, Gang Starr, Notorious B.I.G., Phat Doug and Rob-O. The album peaked at number 40 on the Billboard 200 and number 7 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on March 17, 1993, for selling 500,000 units in the US.

The album was supported with two singles: "Who's the Man" and "Truthful".

Heavy D
Dwight Arrington Myers (May 24, 1967 – November 8, 2011), known professionally as Heavy D, was a Jamaican-American rapper, record producer, and actor. He was the leader of Heavy D & the Boyz, a group that included dancers/hype men G-Whiz (Glen Parrish) and "Trouble" T. Roy (Troy Dixon), as well as DJ and producer Eddie F (Edward Ferrell). The group maintained a sizeable audience in the United States through most of the 1990s. The five albums the group released included production mainly by Teddy Riley, Marley Marl, DJ Premier, Myers's cousin Pete Rock, and "in-house" beatmaker Eddie F. Myers also released four solo albums and discovered Soul for Real and Monifah.
Nikāya
Nikāya (निकाय) is a Pāli word meaning "volume". It is often used like the Sanskrit word āgama (आगम) to mean "collection", "assemblage", "class" or "group" in both Pāḷi and Sanskrit. It is most commonly used in reference to the Pali Buddhist texts of the Tripitaka namely those found in the Sutta Piṭaka. It is also used to refer to monastic lineages, where it is sometimes translated as a 'monastic fraternity'.

The term Nikāya Buddhism is sometimes used in contemporary scholarship to refer to the Buddhism of the early Buddhist schools.

Nikaya Buddhism
The term Nikāya Buddhism was coined by Masatoshi Nagatomi as a non-derogatory substitute for Hinayana, meaning the early Buddhist schools. Examples of these groups are pre-sectarian Buddhism and the early Buddhist schools. Some scholars exclude pre-sectarian Buddhism when using the term. The term Theravāda refers to Buddhist practices based on these early teachings, as preserved in the Pāli Canon.
Old Mortality
Old Mortality is one of the Waverley novels by Walter Scott. Set in south west Scotland, it forms, along with The Black Dwarf, the 1st series of his Tales of My Landlord (1816). The novel deals with the period of the Covenanters, featuring their victory at Loudoun Hill (also known as the Battle of Drumclog) and their defeat at Bothwell Bridge, both in June 1679; a final section is set in 1689 at the time of the royalist defeat at Killiecrankie.

Scott's original title was The Tale of Old Mortality, but this is generally shortened in most references.

Battle of Bothwell Bridge
The Battle of Bothwell Bridge, or Bothwell Brig' took place on 22 June 1679. It was fought between government troops and militant Presbyterian Covenanters, and signalled the end of their brief rebellion. The battle took place at the bridge over the River Clyde between Hamilton and Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The battlefield has been included in the  Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.
Charlevoix (provincial electoral district)
Charlevoix (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁləvwa] ⓘ) is a former provincial electoral district in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada, which elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec. As of its final election, it included the municipalities of La Malbaie, Saint-Siméon, Baie-Saint-Paul and Baie-Sainte-Catherine.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada). Its final election was in 1908. It disappeared in the 1912 election and its successor electoral district was Charlevoix—Saguenay.

It was recreated for the 1948 election and its final election was in 2008.  It disappeared again in the 2012 election, and its successor electoral district was Charlevoix–Côte-de-Beaupré.

Charlevoix—Saguenay (provincial electoral district)
Charlevoix-Saguenay (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁləvwa saɡnɛ]) was a former provincial electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1912 election from parts of the Charlevoix and Chicoutimi-Saguenay districts. Its final election was in 1944.  It disappeared in the 1948 election and its successor electoral districts were Charlevoix and Saguenay.
Shawhill Estate
Shawhill was an estate within a wide meander of the River Irvine in Hurlford, East Ayrshire, Parish of Riccarton, Scotland. Shawhill House (NS 245954 637634) still stands, however the office buildings are now private dwelling and much of the estate has also been sold.

Hurlford
Hurlford is a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland, situated on the outskirts of Kilmarnock.  It has a population of 4,968. Hurlford's former names include Whirlford and Hurdleford. The village was named Whirlford as a result of a ford crossing the River Irvine east of Hurlford Cross, near Shawhill. The census locality is called Hurlford and Crookedholm.

The village's Blair Park is home to Hurlford United F.C. and many notable footballers have been trained there.