hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katherine Kennicott Davis
Katherine Kennicott Davis (June 25, 1892 – April 20, 1980) was an American composer, pianist, arranger, and teacher, whose best-known composition is the Christmas song "Carol of the Drum", later known as "The Little Drummer Boy".

The Little Drummer Boy
"The Little Drummer Boy" (originally known as "Carol of the Drum") is a popular Christmas song written by American composer Katherine Kennicott Davis in 1941. First recorded in 1951 by the Austrian Trapp Family, the song was further popularized by a 1958 recording by the Harry Simeone Chorale. The Simeone version was re-released successfully for several years, and the song has been recorded many times since.

In the lyrics, the singer relates how, as a poor young boy, he was summoned by the Magi to the Nativity of Jesus. Without a gift for the infant, the little drummer boy played his drum with approval from Jesus's mother, Mary, recalling, "I played my best for him" and "He smiled at me". The story of a drummer at the manger is not from the Bible.
Valentim Fernandes
Valentim Fernandes (died 1518 or 1519) was a printer who lived in Portugal. An ethnic German originally from Moravia, he moved to Lisbon, Portugal in 1495 where he lived and worked for 23 years, he was a writer and a translator of various classical texts. He printed on the orders of Leonor of Viseu and worked on the book Vita Christi.

His 1506-1507 Descripcam described how camel caravans carried Saharan salt from Oualata to Timbuktu, and then onto Djenne.  There the salt was exchanged with the Soninke Wangara for gold.

He died in Lisbon in 1518 or 1519.

He worked with different intellectuals and artists, including Albrecht Dürer, Hieronymus Münzer and Mathias Ringmann (better known as Philesius Vogesigena who was a translator).

Valentim Fernandes manuscript
The Valentim Fernandes manuscript (Manuscrito Valentim Fernandes), also known as Relation of Diogo Gomes (Relação de Diogo Gomes) and Descripcam is a manuscript that discusses the beginning of Portuguese sea navigation. Written in Latin, it is divided into three parts:

"De prima inuentione Guinee"

"De insulis primo inventis in mare Occidentis"

"De inventione insularum de Açores" (now as Azuris in Latin)
Potassium fulminate
Potassium fulminate is the potassium salt of the fulminate ion.  Its only use, aside from chemical demonstrations, is in the percussion caps for some early rifles. Usually prepared by reacting a potassium amalgam with mercury fulminate, it is much less sensitive due to the ionic bond between potassium and carbon, unlike the covalent bond between mercury and carbon.

Fulminate
Fulminates are chemical compounds which include the fulminate ion (CNO−, C−≡N+−O−). The fulminate ion is a pseudohalic ion because its charge and reactivity are similar to those of the halogens. The name is derived from the Latin fulminātus, meaning to explode like lightning, and reflects that fulminate salts are friction-sensitive explosives due to the instability of the ion. The best known is mercury(II) fulminate, which has been used as a primary explosive in detonators. Fulminates can be formed from metals, such as silver and mercury, dissolved in nitric acid, and reacted with ethanol. The weak single nitrogen-oxygen bond is responsible for their instability. Nitrogen very easily forms a stable triple bond to another nitrogen atom, forming nitrogen gas.
H. Dieter Zeh
Heinz-Dieter Zeh (German: [tseː]; 8 May 1932 – 15 April 2018) was theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of the University of Heidelberg. He is known for formalizing the theory of quantum decoherence.

Quantum decoherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence.  It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence has been studied to understand how quantum systems convert to systems that can be explained by classical mechanics.  Beginning out of attempts to extend the understanding of quantum mechanics, the theory has developed in several  directions and experimental studies have confirmed some of the key issues. Quantum computing relies on quantum coherence and is one of the primary practical applications of the concept.
Journal Media Group
Journal Media Group (formerly Journal Communications) was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin–based newspaper publishing company. The company's roots were first established in 1882 as the owner of its namesake, the Milwaukee Journal, and expanded into broadcasting with the establishment of WTMJ radio and WTMJ-TV, and the acquisition of other television and radio stations.

On April 1, 2015, the E. W. Scripps Company acquired Journal Communications, and spun out the publishing operations of both Scripps and Journal into a new company known as Journal Media Group. It is led by Timothy E. Stautberg—the former head of Scripps' newspaper business, joined by previous Journal CEO Stephen J. Smith as a chairman. In 2016, Journal Media Group was acquired by Gannett.

WTMJ (AM)
WTMJ (620 kHz) is a commercial radio station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Owned by Good Karma Brands, the station has a news/talk radio format. Its sign-on dates back to 1922 and for most of its history it was owned by The Milwaukee Journal newspaper.  On weekdays, it airs news blocks during drive time, local talk shows in middays, sports in the evening and syndicated shows in late nights. It is the flagship station for Milwaukee Brewers baseball and Milwaukee Bucks basketball.

By day, it transmits 50,000 watts, the maximum for AM radio stations in the United States. At night, to avoid interference to other stations, it reduces power to 10,000 watts. In addition, it broadcasts on 250-watt FM translator W277CV at 103.3 MHz.
Flags of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces
The several branches of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran are represented by flags. Within the Iranian military, various flags fly on various occasions, and on various ships, bases, camps, and military academies.

The Armed Forces of Iran are organized into three major forces: Army (or Artesh), IRGC (Sepah) and Police (NAJA). Each of these forces have their own military branches and every branch has its own flags.

If carried on parade by colour guards, they are placed beside the Flag of Iran, which serves as the national color.

Flag of Iran
The national flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran is a tricolour of equal horizontal bands of green, white, and red, featuring the Islamic emblem in red centred on the white band, and the Arabic Takbir written 11 times each in white Kufic script along the edges of the green and red bands.

The first official flag of Iran was originally adopted on 7 October 1907 with the Lion and Sun emblem. Following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the Iranian flag was changed into its current form on 29 July 1980.

Many Iranian opposition groups opposed to the Islamic government use either the Lion and Sun flag or the green-white-red tricolour without additional emblems. Neither variant is officially recognised by the government, with the Lion and Sun flag strictly banned from public use.
Pileru
Pileru is a census town in Annamayya district of Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Pileru is located 197 Km North East of Bangalore, The Capital City Of Karnataka and  189 Km North West of Chennai, The Capital City Of Tamil Nadu and 464 Km South To The State Capital Amaravati.It is the mandal headquarters of Pileru mandal in Pileru revenue division. The name 'Pileru' means a "small river stream" or "Pilla Eru" in Telugu.

Annamayya district
Annamayya district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, formed in 2022 as part of the state’s administrative reorganisation. Madanapalle serves as the district’s administrative headquarters. Other major urban centres in the district include Pileru, Punganur, and Rayachoti, which function as other important hubs for administration, commerce, education, and regional connectivity.
E-Girls Are Ruining My Life!
"E-Girls Are Ruining My Life!" (styled in all caps) is a song by YouTuber Corpse Husband, also known as Corpse. Released as a single on September 30, 2020. It also features vocals from American rapper Savage Ga$p.

Corpse Husband
Corpse Husband (born August 8, 1997), commonly abbreviated as Corpse and stylized in all caps, is an American retired YouTuber and musician. Corpse is best known for his music and "faceless" work on YouTube. He is mostly known for his horror story narration and Among Us content. He also gained notable recognition for his deep low-pitched voice.
Mikhail Chumakov
Mikhail Petrovich Chumakov (Russian: Михаи́л Петро́вич Чумако́в; 14 November 1909 – 11 June 1993) was a Soviet Russian microbiologist and virologist most famous for conducting pivotal large-scale clinical trials that led to licensing of the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert B. Sabin.

Albert Sabin
Albert Bruce Sabin (/ˈseɪbɪn/ SAY-bin; born Abram Saperstejn; August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was a Polish-American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine, which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease.  In 1969–1972, he served as the president of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.
Magnetar
A magnetar is a type of neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field (~109 to 1011 T, ~1013 to 1015 G). The magnetic-field decay (or dissipation) powers the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays and gamma rays.

The existence of magnetars was proposed in 1992 by Robert Duncan and Christopher Thompson following earlier work by Jonathan I. Katz on the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 0525-66, then called a gamma-ray burst.

Their proposal sought to explain the properties of transient sources of gamma rays, now known as soft gamma repeaters (SGRs). Over the following decade, the magnetar hypothesis became widely accepted, and was extended to explain anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs). As of July 2021, 24 magnetars have been confirmed.

It has been suggested that magnetars are the source of fast radio bursts (FRB), in particular as a result of findings in 2020 by scientists using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope.

Gauss (unit)
The gauss (symbol: G, sometimes Gs) is a unit of measurement of magnetic induction, also known as magnetic flux density. The unit is part of the Gaussian system of units, which inherited it from the older centimetre–gram–second electromagnetic units (CGS-EMU) system. It was named after the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1936. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimetre.

As the centimetre–gram–second system of units (cgs system) has been superseded by the International System of Units (SI), the use of the gauss has been deprecated by the standards bodies, but is still regularly used in various subfields of science, and preferred in astrophysics. The SI unit for magnetic flux density is the tesla (symbol T), which corresponds to 10,000gauss.
Benjamin Ndiaye
Benjamin Ndiaye (born 28 October 1948) is a Senegalese Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar, Senegal, from 22 December 2014 until his age-related retirement on 22 February 2025. Before that, from 15 June 2001 until 22 December 2014, he was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaolack, Senegal. He was appointed bishop on 15 June 2001 by Pope John Paul II. He was consecrated and installed at Kaolack, on 24 November 2001 by Archbishop Théodore-Adrien Sarr, Archbishop of Dakar. His age-related request to retire from the pastoral care of the metropolitan archdiocese of Dakar, Senegal, was accepted on 22 February 2025 by Pope Francis, and Bishop André Guèye was appointed as his successor as the archbishop of Dakar.

Diocese of Kaolack
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaolack (Latin: Kaolacken(sis), French: Diocèse catholique romain de Kaolack) is a diocese located in the city of Kaolack in the ecclesiastical province of Dakar in Senegal.
Skirbeck
Skirbeck is a historic village and suburb of Boston, in Lincolnshire, England. Skirbeck is a long v-shaped formation wrapped around the south and east side of Boston parish. It has been incorporated into the Borough of Boston since 1932. It is in the Skirbeck ward of Boston Borough Council.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Line 4 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 4 is a loop line of the Shanghai Metro network. The older rolling stock 04A01 carry a bright purple colour belt to differentiate them from Line 3 trains which share a portion of its route, while the newer 04A02 stock features a yellow and purple livery, which the exact line is labelled using sticker or screens saying "Line 3" or "Line 4". To determine the direction of travel, the line that travels counter-clockwise is called the Outer Loop (外环), while the other line is known as the Inner Loop (内环). Although it is a loop line, trains returning to the depot use Yishan Road as a terminal to let all passengers disembark. The first segment of the line between Damuqiao Road and Lancun Road (running in a "C"-shape) opened on December 31, 2005. The remainder of the line opened on December 29, 2007. The line is colored purple on system maps.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
JD Notae
Janaud "JD" Notae (born October 27, 1998) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Trapani Shark of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball for the Arkansas Razorbacks of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). He previously played for the Jacksonville Dolphins.

Trapani Shark
Trapani Shark is an Italian basketball team that is based in Trapani, Sicily.

Founded in 2023, it is the successor to Pallacanestro Trapani. The team plays its home games at Palallio.

In 2023, the team triumphed over their rivals, Blu Basket, to win the Supercoppa LNP.
Grahame Wilson
Major Grahame Wilson GCV SCR BCR, also known as "The Phantom Major", is a retired Rhodesian Army officer who served as second-in-command of the Rhodesian Special Air Service (SAS). He is the most decorated member of the Rhodesian Army.

Grand Cross of Valour
The Grand Cross of Valour was Rhodesia's highest military decoration, awarded for conspicuous valour by members of the Security Forces in combat.

It was the equivalent of the Victoria Cross, which it replaced, and was formerly conferred on Rhodesian soldiers prior to 1965.
CETME C2
The CETME C2 (also named the CB-64,) is a Spanish submachine gun based on the British Sterling L2A3. It is an open-bolt, blowback-operated firearm that fires the 9×23mm Largo and 9×19mm Parabellum pistol cartridge. Designed in the 1960s, the C2 has many notable safety features built into it and was later used to replace the Star Model Z-45 submachine gun series for Spain in the 1960s however, was later superseded by the MP5 and Star Z-84.

9×23mm Largo
The 9×23mm Largo  (9mm Largo, 9mm Bergmann–Bayard, 9mm Bayard Long) centerfire pistol cartridge was developed in 1903 for the Bergmann–Bayard pistol. It was adopted by the Spanish and Danish militaries, with the former using it until the 1980s, when it was replaced by the 9×19mm Parabellum.
S4 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)
The S4 is a railway service of the St. Gallen S-Bahn that provides hourly service between Sargans and Rapperswil via St. Gallen, connecting stations in the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Ausserrhoden. The section near Lake Constance (Bodensee) is also part of the Bodensee S-Bahn. Südostbahn (SOB), a private company primarily owned by the federal government and the canton of St. Gallen, operates the service.

Between 2013–2023 it operated over a circular route (German: Ringzug), also running over the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans railway line south of the Walensee.

Südostbahn
The Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (German, lit. 'South-Eastern Railway') – commonly abbreviated to SOB – is a Swiss railway company, and a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge network in Central and Eastern Switzerland. It resulted from the merger of the original SOB with the Bodensee–Toggenburg railway (BT) at the end of 2001.

The Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (Swiss South-Eastern Railway SA) is a small private railway jointly owned by the cantonal and federal governments as an Aktiengesellschaft (AG).
Rock, Cornwall
Rock (Cornish: Pennmeyn)
is a coastal fishing village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is opposite Padstow on the north-east bank of the River Camel estuary. The village is in the civil parish of St Minver Lowlands 
about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Wadebridge.

Padstow
Padstow (/ˈpædstoʊ/; Cornish: Lannwedhenek) is a town, civil parish and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town is situated on the west bank of the River Camel estuary, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of Wadebridge, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Bodmin and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Newquay. As well as Padstow itself, the parish also includes the village of Trevone and surrounding rural areas. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 2,669 and the population of the built up area was 2,298.

The geology of the low plateau west of Padstow has resulted in such features as Tregudda Gorge where erosion along the faultline has caused sheer cliffs to form; and Marble Cliffs which has alternating dark grey and light grey strata. The Round Hole is a collapsed sea cave.
Capital Development Authority (Pakistan)
Capital Development Authority (Urdu: وفاقی ترقیاتی ادارہ, abbreviated as CDA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for providing municipal services in Islamabad Capital Territory. The CDA was established on 14 June 1960 by an executive order entitled Pakistan Capital Regulation. As of 2016, most of CDA's municipal services and departments have been transferred to the newly created Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation. However, the CDA is still in charge of estate management, project execution and sector developments.

Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation
The Metropolitan Corporation Islamabad (MCI; Urdu: بلدیہ عظمی اسلام آباد) is a municipal authority for the Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. It was established under the ICT Local Government Act 2015. The Corporation is one of three local government bodies in the Capital Territory; the other two are the ICT Administration (ICTA) and the Capital Development Authority (CDA).
Third ventricle
The third ventricle is one of the four connected cerebral ventricles of the ventricular system within the mammalian brain. It is a slit-like cavity formed in the diencephalon between the two thalami, in the midline between the right and left lateral ventricles, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Running through the third ventricle is the interthalamic adhesion, which contains thalamic neurons and fibers that may connect the two thalami.

Lateral ventricles
The lateral ventricles are the two largest ventricles of the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid. Each cerebral hemisphere contains a lateral ventricle, known as the left or right lateral ventricle, respectively.

Each lateral ventricle resembles a C-shaped cavity that begins at an inferior horn in the temporal lobe, travels through a body in the parietal lobe and frontal lobe, and ultimately terminates at the interventricular foramina where each lateral ventricle connects to the single, central third ventricle. Along the path, a posterior horn extends backward into the occipital lobe, and an anterior horn extends farther into the frontal lobe.
General Staff of the Armed Forces (Albania)
The General Staff of the Armed Forces (GS; Albanian: Shtabi i Përgjithshëm i Forcave të Armatosura), is the highest military structure of the Albanian Armed Forces. It was established as a joint strategic staff and functions according to NATO standards. The incumbent Chief of the General Staff is Lieutenant General Arben Kingji.

Chief of the General Staff (Albania)
The Chief of the General Staff (Albanian: Shef i Shtabit të Përgjithshëm) is the chief of the General Staff and Albanian Armed Forces. The chief of staff is appointed by the President of Albania, who is the commander-in-chief. The position was established on 4 May 1913 as part of the Provisional Government of Albania.
Flamboyant
Flamboyant (from French  flamboyant 'flaming') is a lavishly decorated style of Gothic architecture that appeared in France and Spain in the 15th century, and lasted until the mid-sixteenth century and the beginning of the Renaissance. Elaborate stone tracery covered both the exterior and the interior. Windows were decorated with a characteristic s-shaped curve. Masonry wall space was reduced further as windows grew even larger. Major examples included the northern spire of Chartres Cathedral, Trinity Abbey, Vendôme, and Burgos Cathedral and Segovia Cathedral in Spain. It was gradually replaced by Renaissance architecture in the 16th century.

Trinity Abbey, Vendôme
Trinity Abbey, Vendôme, was a Benedictine monastery founded in 1035 in Vendôme by Geoffrey Martel and his first wife, Agnes of Burgundy. It was consecrated on 31 May 1040, one month before Geoffrey became Count of Anjou.

The abbey was under the direct authority of the Pope and nobody else. This fact was accepted by Thierry of Chartres and by King Henry I of France in 1056. In 1063, its abbot was given the rights of being a cardinal. It was often in conflict with the counts of Vendôme and some, like Geoffrey Jordan, were excommunicated.

In the 17th century, Vendôme was part of the Maurist congregation. One of the most famous Maurists, Luc d'Achery, was professed in Vendôme.

The cloister buildings were substantially demolished by the military users at the onset of the twentieth century, but what remains houses a small museum devoted to the Vendômois. The monastery manuscripts are mainly conserved at the town library. The church until recently functioned for one midweek mass.