hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Konda–Yahadian languages
Konda–Yahadian is a pair of South Bird's Head languages spoken in Western New Guinea:

Konda

Yahadian

Noting low cognacy rates, Holton and Klamer (2018) tentatively consider Konda–Yahadian, as well as Inanwatan–Duriankere and the Nuclear South Bird's Head family to each be independent language families until further evidence can be demonstrated.

South Bird's Head languages
The South Bird's Head or South Doberai languages are three families of Papuan languages. They form part of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Malcolm Ross (2005) and Timothy Usher (2020), though Pawley and Hammarström (2018) do not consider them to be part of Trans–New Guinea. However, according to Dryer (2022), based on a preliminary quantitative analysis of data from the ASJP database, South Bird's Head languages are likely to be a subgroup of Trans–New Guinea.
World Polonia Games
The World Polonia Games (Polish: Światowe Igrzyska Polonijne) are a multi-sport event held annually for the Polish diaspora (Polonia) and Polish minorities living outside of Poland. Held annually and alternating between summer and winter games each year, the games bring together hundreds of participants from various countries worldwide.

The first World Polonia Games were held in 1934 in Warsaw, with 381 athletes from 13 countries. Following a four decade break, the games were revived in 1974 in Kraków and have been held more regularly since. Seventeen different host cities throughout Poland have hosted an installation of the event. Today, the games are organized by the Association "Polish Community" and are covered by TVP Polonia.

The XXI Summer World Polonia Games, its most recent installation, were held in August 2023 in Nysa and Wrocław. The most recent winter games, the XVI Winter World Polonia Games, were held in December 2024 in Wisła and Szczyrk, Silesian Voivodeship.

Polish diaspora
The Polish diaspora comprises Poles and people of Polish heritage or origin who live outside Poland. The Polish diaspora is also known in modern Polish as Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance languages.

There are roughly 20,000,000 people of Polish ancestry living outside Poland, making the Polish diaspora one of the largest in the world and one of the most widely dispersed. Reasons for displacement include border shifts, forced expulsions, resettlement by voluntary and forced exile, and political or economic emigration.

Substantial populations of Polish ancestry can be found in their native region of Central and Eastern Europe and many other European countries as well as in the Americas and Australia.

The Polonia in English-speaking countries often uses a dialect of Polish called Ponglish. It is made up of a Polish core with many English words inside it.

There are also smaller Polish communities in Asia and Africa, most notably Kazakhstan and South Africa.
WTVG
WTVG (channel 13) is a television station in Toledo, Ohio, United States, affiliated with ABC and The CW. Owned by Gray Media, the station maintains studios on Dorr Street (SR 246) in Toledo, and its transmitter is located on Stadium Road in Oregon, Ohio.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Psychological typologies
Psychological typologies are classifications used by psychologists to describe the distinctions between people. The problem of finding the essential basis for the classification of psychological types—that is, the basis of determining a broader spectrum of derivative characteristics—is crucial in differential psychology.

Personality type
In psychology, personality type refers to the psychological classification of individuals. In contrast to personality traits, the existence of personality types remains extremely controversial. Types are sometimes said to involve qualitative differences between people, whereas traits might be construed as quantitative differences. According to type theories, for example, introverts and extraverts are two fundamentally different categories of people. According to trait theories, introversion and extraversion are part of a continuous dimension, with many people in the middle.
Dickon Mitchell
Dickon Amiss Thomas Mitchell (born 8 October 1978) is a Grenadian politician and attorney serving as the prime minister of Grenada since 24 June 2022 and the leader of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) since 2021. He led his party to victory in the 2022 general election.

National Democratic Congress (Grenada)
The National Democratic Congress (NDC), also known as the National Democratic Congress of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, is a social democratic and centre-left political party in Grenada. It is the governing party in Grenada, having won a majority in the 2022 general elections. The party is led by current prime minister Dickon Mitchell as of October 2021.
Liming (leather processing)
Liming is a process used for parchment or leather processing, in which hides are soaked in an alkali solution. It is performed using a drum and paddle or a pit. Its objectives are:

Removal of interfibrillary proteins.

Removal of keratin proteins.

Collagen swelling due to the alkaline pH.

Collagen fibre bundle splitting.

Removal of natural grease and fats

Liming operations of cattle hides usually last 18 hours and are generally associated with the alkaline phase of beamhouse operations.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
James Ewing (Pennsylvania politician)
James Ewing (August 3, 1736 – March 1, 1806) was a Pennsylvania soldier, statesman, and politician of the Colonial, Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary eras. He served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly and also as Vice-President of Pennsylvania, a position comparable to that of Lieutenant Governor.

Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was the collective directorial executive branch of the Pennsylvanian state government between 1777 and 1790. It was headed by a president and a vice president (analogous to a governor and lieutenant governor, respectively). The best-known member of the Council was Benjamin Franklin, who also served as its sixth president.
Lalan (artist)
Lalan, born Xie Jing-lan (Chinese: 謝景蘭; 1921–1995), was a Chinese-French multidisciplinary artist. Lalan was among the early practitioners of integrated arts, incorporating painting, music, dance, and poetry into her performances.

Lalan was born in Guizhou, China. She received professional vocal training at the Shanghai Music Academy, and then studied composition and modern dance after relocating to Paris in 1948 with her then husband, painter Zao Wou-ki.

Lalan did not start painting until the age of 37. She began her independent artistic career in painting, composing electronic music and choreography in modern dance. In 1975, she received the Chevalier medal for the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Letters) by the French Ministry of Culture. Lalan spent majority of her time in France with her husband French artist Marcel Van Thienen. She died in a car accident in 1995.

Zao Wou-Ki
Zao Wou-Ki (Chinese: 赵无极; pinyin: Zhào Wújí; Wade–Giles: Chao Wu-chi; 1 February 1920 – 9 April 2013) was a Chinese-French painter. He was a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Zao Wou-Ki graduated from the China Academy of Art in Hangzhou, where he studied under French-trained Fang Ganmin and Wu Dayu.
Amwaj Islands
Amwaj Islands (Arabic: جزر أمواج; transliterated: Juzur Amwaj) are a group of man-made islands, located in the Persian Gulf to the northeast of Bahrain, off the north coast of Muharraq Island. They lie 10.5 km (6.5 mi) northeast of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.

Muharraq Island
Muharraq Island (Arabic: جزيرة المحرق), formerly known as Moharek, is the second largest island in the archipelago of Bahrain after Bahrain Island. It lies 4 km (2.5 mi) east of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.
UBlock Origin
uBlock Origin (/ˈjuːblɒk/ YOO-blok) is a free and open-source browser extension for content filtering, including ad blocking. The extension is available for Firefox and Chromium-based browsers (such as Chrome, Edge, Brave, and Opera).

uBlock Origin is actively developed and maintained by its creator and lead developer Raymond Hill and the open source community. As of December 2025, the Chrome version of uBlock Origin had over 29 million active users and the Firefox version has over 10 million active users, making it the most popular extension on Firefox.

Ad blocking
Ad blocking (or ad filtering) is a software capability for blocking or altering online advertising in a web browser, an application or a network. This may be done using browser extensions or other methods, such as browsers with inside blocking.
Uways al‑Qarani
ʾUways ibn ʿĀmir al-Qaranī (Arabic: أُوَيْس ٱبْن عَامِر ٱلْقَرَنِيّ) was Muslim military commander and one of the tabi'in who served in the Rashidun Caliphate. As a tabi'i, he never met the Prophet Muhammad, though was sometimes honorarily counted as among the companions. He was a loyal companion of Ali, and was a commander in Ali's army at the Battle of Siffin, where he was killed in 657. He's venerated by Shi'ites and Sunnis alike, and the Sufi Uwaysi tradition is named after him.

Among the Tabi'un, he is specially known as Khayr at-Tābiʿīn (Arabic: خَيْر ٱلتَّابِعِين, lit. 'the best of the Tabi‘un') and Sayyid at-Tabiʿīn fī Zamānah (Arabic: سَيِّد ٱلتَّابِعِين فِي زَمَانَه, lit. 'leader of the Tabi‘un of his era').

Tabi'un
The tābiʿūn  (Arabic: اَلتَّابِعُونَ, also accusative or genitive tābiʿīn اَلتَّابِعِينَ, singular tābiʿ تَابِعٌ), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the companions (ṣaḥāba) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand. A tābiʿ knew at least one ṣaḥābī. As such, they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate.

The next generation of Muslims after the tabiʿūn are called the tābiʿ at-tābiʿīn تَابِعُو ٱلتَّابِعِينَ. The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up the salaf سَلَفُ of Islam.
Pale spiderhunter
The pale spiderhunter (Arachnothera dilutior) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only the region of Palawan. Along with the orange-tufted spiderhunter, it was originally considered a subspecies of the little spiderhunter. They are predominantly greyish in color, with olive-green wings, a pale yellow belly and a bold yellow eyering.

Orange-tufted spiderhunter
The orange-tufted spiderhunter (Arachnothera flammifera) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on Mindanao and Eastern Visayas. It was originally considered a subspecies of the little spiderhunter.

This species was Peter Kaestner's 10,000th species of bird seen.
Dark wave
Dark wave (also known as darkwave) is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s. Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark, romantic and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow. Common features include the use of chordophones such as electric and acoustic guitar, violin and piano, as well as electronic instruments such as synthesizer, sampler and drum machine. Like new wave, dark wave is not a "unified genre but rather an umbrella term" that encompasses a variety of musical styles, including cold wave, ethereal wave, gothic rock, neoclassical dark wave and neofolk.

In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called "wavers" or "dark wavers". In some countries, most notably Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock (so-called "trad-goths").

Cold wave (music)
Cold wave (also known as coldwave) is a music genre that emerged during the late 1970s and early 1980s, particularly in France, Poland and Belgium. Originally pioneered by post-punk and dark wave bands who drew influence from German electronic music group Kraftwerk and made use of affordable, portable synthesizers and electronic instruments.
Morro Bay State Park
Morro Bay State Park is a state park on the Morro Bay lagoon, in western San Luis Obispo County, on the Central Coast of California. On the lagoon's northeastern and eastern edges in the park, there are saltwater and brackish marshes that support thriving bird populations.

Morro Bay, California
Morro Bay (Morro, Spanish for "Hill") is a seaside city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, the city's population was 10,757 as of the 2020 census, up from 10,234 at the 2010 census. The town overlooks Morro Bay, a natural embayment with an all-weather, small-craft, commercial and recreational harbor.
Sande Municipality (Vestfold)
Sande is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 178-square-kilometre (69 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020. The area is now part of Holmestrand Municipality in the traditional district of Jarlsberg. The administrative centre was the village of Sande. Other villages in the municipality included Eikeberg, Klever, and Selvik.

Holmestrand Municipality
Holmestrandⓘ is a municipality in Vestfold, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Jarlsberg. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Holmestrand. Some of the notable villages in Holmestrand include Eidsfoss, Eikeberg, Gullhaug, Hof, Klever, Sande, Selvik, and Sundbyfoss.

The 432-square-kilometre (167 sq mi) municipality is the 228th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Holmestrand is the 45th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 26,872. The municipality's population density is 62.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (161/sq mi) and its population has increased by 19% over the previous 10-year period.
Leith Ross
Leith Ross (born July 9, 1998) is a Canadian indie rock singer-songwriter and guitarist, based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. They recorded their debut EP, Motherwell (2020), while studying at Humber College, and subsequently found success on TikTok, most prominently with the song "We'll Never Have Sex" in August 2021. In 2022, they were signed to Interscope and Republic Records. They have toured both nationally and internationally with Lord Huron, Andy Shauf, and Helena Deland, and received the inaugural John Prine Songwriter Fellowship at the 2022 Newport Folk Festival. Their debut album, To Learn, was released on May 19, 2023.

Helena Deland
Helena Deland McCullagh is a Canadian singer-songwriter. To date she has released five EPs: Drawing Room (2016) and From the Series of Songs "Altogether Unaccompanied" Vol. I, II, III & IV (2018) that she has written and composed. Her first full-length album Someone New was released on 15 October 2020. Her second full-length album Goodnight Summerland was released on 13 October 2023. Deland is currently signed to Luminelle Recordings (label founded by Gorilla vs. Bear & Fat Possum Records) for the world as well as Chivi Chivi for Canada. She has toured consistently since the beginning of her career in Canada, United States and Europe.
Baby Point
Baby Point is a residential neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is bounded on the west by the Humber River from south of Baby Point Crescent to St. Marks Road, east to Jane Street and Jane Street south to Raymond Avenue and Raymond Avenue west to the Humber. It is within the city-defined neighbourhood of 'Lambton-Baby Point'. Baby Point is within the proximity of Jane station.

The neighbourhood was at one time an Iroquois village, called Teiaiagon. The village had a population of 5000 at its peak. In the 19th century, lawyer James Baby bought the land from the Upper Canada government, which had bought it as part of the Toronto Purchase. The land was developed into the current neighbourhood in the early 20th century as part of York Township. The name is pronounced by locals as "Bobby" or "Babby"—to rhyme with tabby or cabbie—in an approximation of how James Baby pronounced his surname.

York, Ontario
York is a district and former city within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located northwest of Old Toronto, southwest of North York and east of the Humber River.

Originally formed as York Township, it encompassed the southern section of York County. It was split several times, creating East York and North York. In 1953, it became part of the Metropolitan Toronto federation. It absorbed several municipalities, including Lambton Mills and Weston and was eventually known as the City of York. In 1998, it was dissolved along with Metro Toronto and its constituent municipalities, amalgamated to form the current City of Toronto.

Today, the area is integrated into the multicultural mosaic of Toronto. The area is home today to several ethnic enclaves such as Portuguese, Jamaican and Latin American neighbourhoods.
Paul J. Hagerty High School
Hagerty High School is a public secondary school in Oviedo, Florida, United States. It is part of Seminole County Public Schools. It is the academic and athletic rival school of Oviedo High School. In 2015, Hagerty High School was ranked 1st of 18 high schools in the Seminole County Public Schools by U.S. News & World Report.

Seminole County Public Schools
Seminole County Public Schools (SCPS) is a public school district that covers Seminole County, Florida. The district is the 12th biggest school district in Florida. As of the 2025-2026 school year, the district has 62,211 students and 3,872 teachers; the district is graded "A", according to the Florida Department of Education. The district was ranked #1 in Florida for STEM education in Florida, as well as being the top district in Florida for Calculus & Physics enrollment.
Aguada, Puerto Rico
Aguada (/əˈɡwɑːdə/; Spanish: [aˈɣwaða], locally [aˈwaða]), originally San Francisco de Asís de la Aguada, is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico, located in the northwestern coastal valley region bordering the Atlantic Ocean, east of Rincón, south of Aguadilla, west of Moca; and north of Añasco and Mayagüez. It is part of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area. Aguada's population is spread over 17 barrios and Aguada Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city).

Añasco, Puerto Rico
Añasco (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɲasko], locally [aˈɲaʔko]), named after one of its settlers, Don Luis de Añasco, is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located on the west coast of the island bordering the Mona Passage to the west, north of Mayagüez, and Las Marias; south of Rincón, Aguada, and Moca and west of San Sebastián and Las Marias. It is part of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Wisconsin Highway 127
State Trunk Highway 127 (often called Highway 127, STH-127 or WIS 127) is a 14.16-mile (22.79 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs from WIS 16 near Wisconsin Dells east to Interstate 39 (I-39) and WIS 16 in Portage; the highway is located entirely within Columbia County. WIS 127 is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT).

Wisconsin Highway 16
State Trunk Highway 16 (often called Highway 16, STH-16 or WIS 16) is a Wisconsin state highway running from Pewaukee across the state to La Crosse. Much of its route in the state parallels the former mainline of the Milwaukee Road and current mainline of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Interstate 90 (I-90) or I-94 parallels Highway 16 for most of its length in the state. It serves local traffic in nearby cities including La Crosse, Tomah, Wisconsin Dells, Portage, Columbus, Watertown, Oconomowoc and Waukesha. The highway is mainly two-lane surface road or urban multi-lane expressway from La Crosse to Oconomowoc, and it is a freeway east of Oconomowoc.
Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Radiotelevizija Bosne i Hercegovine (abbr.  BHRT), or Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is the national public broadcaster of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the only member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the central institution of the public broadcasting system of BiH, a unique structure that also includes the entity-level broadcasters Radio and Television of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RTVFBiH) and Radio and Television of Republika Srpska (RTRS). As of February 2026, it employs 700 staff.

Radio Televizija Republike Srpske
Radio Television of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Радио Телевизија Републике Српске / Radio Televizija Republike Srpske or RTRS) is the entity-level public broadcaster which operates radio and television services in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the official public broadcasting service that covers government activities in the Republic of Srpska.
Paula Amorim
Paula Fernanda Ramos Amorim (born 20 January 1971) is a Portuguese businesswoman, daughter of the businessman Américo Amorim. In 2016, she assumed the presidency of the board of directors of Galp Energia.

Américo Amorim
Américo Ferreira Amorim (21 July 1934 – 13 July 2017) was a Portuguese billionaire businessman, and a 50% owner of Corticeira Amorim, founded by his grandfather. He was the richest person in Portugal at the time of his death with a fortune estimated of $4.8 billion.
Robbins algebra
In abstract algebra, a Robbins algebra is an algebra containing a single binary operation  and a single unary operation  that satisfy the following axioms:

For all elements a, b, and c:

Associativity:

Commutativity:

Robbins equation:

For many years, it was conjectured, but unproven, that all Robbins algebras are Boolean algebras. This was proved by William McCune in 1997, so the term "Robbins algebra" is now simply a synonym for "Boolean algebra".

Boolean algebra (structure)
In abstract algebra, a Boolean algebra or Boolean lattice is a complemented distributive lattice. This type of algebraic structure captures essential properties of both set operations and logic operations. A Boolean algebra can be seen as a generalization of a power set algebra or a field of sets, or its elements can be viewed as generalized truth values. It is also a special case of a De Morgan algebra and a Kleene algebra (with involution).

Every Boolean algebra gives rise to a Boolean ring, and vice versa, with ring multiplication corresponding to conjunction or meet ∧, and ring addition to exclusive disjunction or symmetric difference (not disjunction ∨). However, the theory of Boolean rings has an inherent asymmetry between the two operators, while the axioms and theorems of Boolean algebra express the symmetry of the theory described by the duality principle.