hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Tierney (journalist)
John Marion Tierney (born March 25, 1953) is an American journalist and a contributing editor to City Journal, the Manhattan Institute's quarterly publication. Previously he had been a reporter and columnist at the New York Times for three decades since 1990. A self-described contrarian, Tierney is a critic of aspects of environmentalism, the "science establishment," and big government, but he does support the goal of limiting overall emissions of carbon dioxide.

City Journal
City Journal is a public policy magazine and website, published by the conservative think tank Manhattan Institute for Policy Research since 1990. City Journal covers a range of public policy topics on urban affairs, such as education, labor, housing, policing, and other issues.: 349  The magazine also publishes articles on arts and culture, urban architecture, family life, and other topics that are not policy-related.
Bairagi Brahmin (caste)
Bairagi Brahmin or Vaishnav Bairagi or Vaishnav Brahmin is a Hindu caste. They are Hindu priests. They are sedentary rasik (temple dwelling or temple priest) Brahmin members of the Vaishnava sampradayas, especially the Ramanandi Sampradaya. According to K.S. Singh, the community uses different surnames/titles in different states and union territories of India; these are: Swami, Bairagi, Mahanta, Maharaj, Vaishnav, Bawa, Pandit, Purohit, Goswami, Sharma, Das, Adhikari, Brahmachari. They are Vaishnav, and wear the sacred thread. A majority of Bairagi Brahmin is found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, and Odisha. Vaishnavas are considered to be part of the 'upper castes' of India.

Ramanandi Sampradaya
The Ramanandi (IAST: Rāmānandī), also known as Ramavats (Rāmāvat), is one of the largest sects of Vaishnavas. Out of 52 sub-branches of Vaishnavism, divided into four Vaishnava sampradayas, 36 are held by the Ramanandi. The sect mainly emphasizes the worship of Rama, Sita, Hanuman, and the avatars of Vishnu. They consider Rama and Sita as the Supreme Absolute who are not different from each other. It is considered to have been founded by Ramananda, a 14th-century Vaishnava saint.
Partia Razem
Partia Razem (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpar.tja ˈra.zɛm], meaning 'Together Party') is a left-wing political party in Poland. It was founded in 2015, and from 2019 to 2024 the party's official name was Lewica Razem ([lɛˈvi.t͡sa ˈra.zɛm], 'Left Together').

The party was one of the eight nationwide committees standing in the 2015 parliamentary election. Party co-leaders are Adrian Zandberg and Aleksandra Owca, elected at the end of November and beginning of December 2024, following a split in the party in October. It supports principles of social democracy, democratic socialism, and social liberalism, and has expressed progressive views. The party is critical of the historical post-communist Democratic Left Alliance. It is a part of the European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet; a pan-European party that supports an alternative to capitalism. It was a member of the Progressive International and DiEM25.

Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)
The Democratic Left Alliance (Polish: Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej) was a social-democratic political party in Poland. It was formed on 9 July 1991 as an electoral alliance of centre-left parties, and became a single party on 15 April 1999. It was the major coalition party in Poland between 1993 and 1997, and between 2001 and 2005, with four Prime ministers coming from the party: Józef Oleksy, Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Leszek Miller and Marek Belka. It then faded into opposition, overshadowed by the rise of Civic Platform and Law and Justice.

In February 2020, the party initiated a process to merge with the Spring party, choosing the name New Left (Polish: Nowa Lewica), and changing to a more modern logo.

The party was a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance.
Garth Hamilton
Garth Russell Hamilton (born 5 March 1979) is an Australian politician who is a member of the House of Representatives representing the Division of Groom. He was elected in the 2020 Groom by-election, following the retirement of John McVeigh. He is a member of the Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) and sits with the Liberal Party in federal parliament.

2020 Groom by-election
The 2020 Groom by-election was held on 28 November 2020 to elect the next Member of Parliament for the division of Groom in the House of Representatives. The by-election was triggered following the resignation of incumbent Liberal National MP John McVeigh on 18 September 2020.
No. 80 Wing RAAF
No. 80 Wing was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) wing of World War II. The unit was formed on 15 May 1944 and eventually comprised three squadrons equipped with Spitfire fighter aircraft. The wing's headquarters was absorbed into the newly formed No. 11 Group on 30 July 1945.

The wing was established to provide fighter protection for an Allied offensive from Darwin in northern Australia into the eastern Netherlands East Indies (NEI). This operation was effectively cancelled in June 1944, however, leaving No. 80 Wing without a clear mission. The unit remained at Darwin until it moved to Morotai in the NEI between December 1944 and March 1945. Due to the small number of Japanese aircraft remaining in this area the Wing's aircraft were mainly used in the ground attack role. From May 1945 to the end of the war two of No. 80 Wing's squadrons participated in the Borneo Campaign.

No. 11 Group RAAF
No. 11 Group was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) group formed at Morotai in the last weeks of World War II to command the RAAF's garrison units in the region. The group was established at the end of July 1945 but was not yet fully active when the war ended on 14 August. It remained active at Morotai until being disbanded at the end of March 1946.
Li Sao
"Li Sao" (Chinese: 離騷; pinyin: Lí Sāo; translation: "Encountering Sorrow") is an ancient Chinese poem from the anthology Chuci traditionally attributed to Qu Yuan. Li Sao dates from the 3rd century BCE, during the Chinese Warring States period.

Chu Ci
The Chu Ci, variously translated as Verses of Chu, Songs of Chu, or Elegies of Chu, is an ancient anthology of Chinese poetry including works traditionally attributed mainly to Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Warring States period, as well as a large number of works composed during the Han dynasty several centuries later. The traditional version of the Chu Ci contains 17 major sections, anthologized with its current contents by Wang Yi, a 2nd-century AD librarian who served under Emperor Shun of Han. Classical Chinese poetry prior to the Qin dynasty is largely known through the Chu Ci and the Classic of Poetry.
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman is a 1971 novel by Ernest J. Gaines. The story depicts the struggles of Black people as seen through the eyes of the narrator, a woman named Jane Pittman. She tells of the major events of her life from the time she was a young slave girl in the American South at the end of the Civil War.

The novel was dramatized in a TV movie in 1974, starring Cicely Tyson.

The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (film)
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman is an American television film based on the novel of the same name by Ernest J. Gaines starring Cicely Tyson as the titular heroine. The film was broadcast on CBS on Thursday, January 31, 1974.

Directed by John Korty, the screenplay was written by Tracy Keenan Wynn and executive produced by Roger Gimbel. It stars Cicely Tyson in the lead role, as well as Michael Murphy, Richard Dysart, Katherine Helmond, and Odetta. The film was shot in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and was notable for its use of very realistic special effects makeup by Stan Winston and Rick Baker for the lead character, who is shown from ages 23 to 110. The film is distributed through Classic Media.
Erika Evans
Erika Evans (born 1989 or 1990) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the Seattle City Attorney since 2026. In the November 2025 election, she defeated incumbent Republican Ann Davison with 66.8 percent of the vote. Evans is the first Black person elected to the office.

Evans previously served as an assistant U.S. Attorney, where she was the office's Civil Rights Coordinator. She resigned from the U.S. Department of Justice in March 2025, citing the department's direction under the second Trump administration, including the rollback of diversity initiatives and new policies on birthright citizenship. She ran for City Attorney on a platform that included implementing a restorative justice model, increasing the prosecution of wage theft, and opposing the administration's policies.

2025 Seattle City Attorney election
The 2025 Seattle City Attorney elections were held on November 4, 2025. The primary election was held on August 5. Incumbent City Attorney Ann Davison was seeking re-election to a second term in office but was defeated by Erika Evans.
The Red Boy
The Red Boy, or Master Lambton, are popular names for a portrait made in 1825 by Sir Thomas Lawrence. It is officially entitled with the name of its subject, Charles William Lambton, who was the elder son of John Lambton (later created Earl of Durham).

John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham
John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, GCB, PC (12 April 1792 – 28 July 1840), also known as "Radical Jack" and commonly referred to in Canadian history texts as Lord Durham, was a British Whig statesman, colonial administrator, Governor General and high commissioner of British North America.

A leading reformer, Lord Durham played a major role in the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832. He later served as ambassador to Russia. He was a founding member and chairman of the New Zealand Company that played a key role in the colonisation of New Zealand.

George Woodcock wrote Lord Durham was "proud, wayward, immensely rich, with romantic good looks and an explosive temper", one of those "natural rebels who turn their rebellious energies to constructive purposes. Both at home and abroad he became a powerful exponent of the early nineteenth-century liberal spirit."
Rafael Gambra Ciudad
Rafael Gambra Ciudad (21 July 1920 – 13 January 2004) was a Spanish philosopher, a secondary education official, a Carlist politician and a soldier. In philosophy he is considered key representative of late Traditionalism; his works fall also into theory of state and politics. He is best known as author of books focusing on secularisation of Western European culture in the consumer society era. As a politician he is acknowledged as a theorist rather than as an active protagonist, though after 2001 he briefly headed one of the Carlist branches.

Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola
Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola Gómez (April 6, 1917 – February 18, 1978) was a Spanish scholar and a Carlist politician. He is considered one of top intellectuals of the Francoist era, though not necessarily of Francoism. As theorist of law he represented the school known as iusnaturalismo, as historian of political ideas he focused mostly on Hispanidad, and as theorist of politics he pursued a Traditionalist approach. As a Carlist he remained an ideologue rather than a political protagonist.
Boris Berian
Boris Berian (born December 19, 1992) is an American middle distance runner. He was the 2016 National Champion and represented the United States at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships in the 800 meters where he won the gold medal. He set his indoor best winning the world championships at 1:45.87, boldly front running a sub-50 first 400. Outdoors he set his personal best 1:43.34 at the 2015 Herculis meet. In his collegiate career, Berian ran for Adams State University, where he was coached by Damon Martin. Barely a year before the Herculis meet, Berian was working in a Colorado Springs McDonald's as a college dropout, still trying to train after working the morning shift.

2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships took place on March 18 and 19, 2016.

In the final, Boris Berian went out fast 23.92 for the first lap and 49.73, on the indoor level that is equivalent with taking the race into the Gray zone.  The rest of the field chose not to go with him, giving up seven meters by the half way point, expecting to pick up the pieces when Berian slowed.  At the end of the third lap, he had maintained the gap but looked tired.  Through the next 100 metres Antoine Gakeme and Musaeb Abdulrahman Balla closed down the gap to three metres.  Balla stumbled and lost ground.  Through the final turn Gakeme couldn't gain any further and on the final straightaway Berian pulled away for a clear 5 metre victory.  As Balla regained his form, Erik Sowinski pulled onto his shoulder and executed a perfect pass to take the bronze.
Glamorgan Yeomanry
The Glamorgan Yeomanry was a Welsh auxiliary cavalry regiment of the British Army originally raised in the late 18th century as a result of concern over the threat of invasion by the French. It was used for aiding the civil powers in South Wales in the early part of the 19th Century until it was disbanded in 1831. Re-raised in the Second Boer War it saw service in both World War I and (as artillery) World War II. The lineage is maintained by C (Glamorgan Yeomanry) Troop, 211 (South Wales) Battery, 104th Regiment Royal Artillery.

Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry
The Glamorganshire Militia, later the Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry, was an auxiliary regiment reorganised in the county of Glamorganshire in South Wales during the 18th Century from earlier precursor units. Primarily intended for home defence, it served in Britain and Ireland through all Britain's major wars and supported the civil powers in peacetime. It became a battalion of the Welsh Regiment in 1881, and saw active service in the Second Boer War. Transferring to the Special Reserve in 1908 it trained thousands of reinforcements for that regiment during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence, the militia was disbanded in 1953.
Ben Diokno
Benjamin Estoista Diokno (born March 31, 1948) is a Filipino economist who currently serves as one of the six members of the Monetary Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, which conducts the country's monetary policy and supervises its financial system. Diokno previously served as Secretary of Budget and Management under President Joseph Estrada from 1998 to 2001 and under President Rodrigo Duterte from 2016 to 2019. He also served as the governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and the chairman of its Monetary Board, as well as ex officio chairman of the Anti-Money Laundering Council, from 2019 to 2022 under President Duterte His last Cabinet-level position was being the Secretary of Finance from 2022 to 2024 under President Bongbong Marcos.

From 2020 to 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, Diokno became the highest paid public officer in the Philippines.

Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
The governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas/Central Bank of the Philippines (Filipino: Tagapangasiwa ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas or simply Tagapangasiwa ng Bangko Sentral) is the chief executive officer of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Philippines' central bank.

On June 23, 2023, President Bongbong Marcos appointed Eli Remolona as the fourteenth governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, replacing Felipe Medalla. Medalla had shared a six-year term with Benjamin Diokno, who was subsequently appointed as Secretary of Finance. and Nestor Espenilla, Jr., who died while in office.
The Lost City (2022 film)
The Lost City is a 2022 American action-adventure comedy film directed by Aaron and Adam Nee, who co-wrote the screenplay with Oren Uziel and Dana Fox, based on a story by Seth Gordon. Starring Sandra Bullock, Channing Tatum, Daniel Radcliffe, Da'Vine Joy Randolph and Brad Pitt, the film follows a romance novelist and her cover model, who must escape a billionaire who wants her to find a lost ancient burial chamber described in one of her books.

The project was announced in October 2020 with Bullock joining as producer and star and Tatum joining that December; the rest of the cast was announced the following year. Filming took place in the Dominican Republic from May to August 2021. The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 12, 2022, and was theatrically released by Paramount Pictures in the United States on March 25, 2022. It received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $190 million worldwide against a $68 million budget.

Aaron and Adam Nee
Aaron and Adam Nee, sometimes referred to as the Nee brothers, are an American filmmaking duo best known for their feature films The Last Romantic (2006),  Band of Robbers (2015), and The Lost City (2022).
Tutti Frutti scandal
The Tutti Frutti scandal (in pt: Caso Tutti Frutti) is an investigation and political scandal that took place in Portugal in May 2023, which made public influence peddling between executives and members of the Socialist Party and Social Democratic Party in the preparation of lists for the 2017 Portuguese municipal elections. Among the main people involved were Fernando Medina, as former mayor of Lisbon, the Minister of the Environment Duarte Cordeiro and former PSD deputy Sérgio Azevedo.

The Public Ministry formally assumes suspicions for various crimes, advanced by CNN Portugal and TVI.

Fernando Medina
Fernando Medina Maciel Almeida Correia (born 10 March 1973) is a Portuguese economist and politician Socialist Party (PS) who served as Minister of Finance in the government of Prime Minister António Costa from 2022 to 2024. He previously served as Mayor of Lisbon from 2015, succeeding Costa, to 2021.
Amara La Negra
Diana Danelys De Los Santos (born October 4, 1990), known professionally as Amara La Negra, is an American singer, actress, dancer, author, and television host. De Los Santos is of Dominican descent, and is most known for her role on the VH1 reality TV show Love & Hip Hop: Miami. La Negra was dubbed by Billboard as the show's "breakout star", landing a multi-album record deal with BMG hours after the show's premiere.

Love & Hip Hop: Miami
Love & Hip Hop: Miami is an American reality television series that premiered January 1, 2018 on VH1. It chronicles the lives of several people in the Miami area involved with hip hop music. The show features appearances from notable figures associated with Southern hip hop, as well as Latin music and reggaeton. It is the fourth installment of the Love & Hip Hop franchise.

The series' seventh season premiered on November 4, 2025, on BET.
Call Girl (2007 film)
Call Girl is a 2007 Portuguese film directed by António-Pedro Vasconcelos starring Soraia Chaves, Nicolau Breyner, Ivo Canelas and Joaquim de Almeida. It was the highest-grossing Portuguese film in 2007.

Soraia Chaves
Soraia Chaves (born 22 June 1982 in Lisbon) is a Portuguese actress and model. She became famous with the role of Amélia in the film O Crime do Padre Amaro and the role of Maria in her next film, Call Girl. She also played the role of Raquel in Dancing Days, a 2012-13 soap opera broadcast on the Portuguese television network SIC. She also starred in the film Real Playing Game.
Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory
The Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory (also called the Wheeler–Feynman time-symmetric theory), named after its originators, the physicists Richard Feynman and John Archibald Wheeler, is a theory of electrodynamics based on a relativistically correct extension of action at a distance electron particles. The theory postulates no independent electromagnetic field. Rather, the whole theory is encapsulated by the Lorentz-invariant action  of particle trajectories  defined as

where .

The absorber theory is invariant under time-reversal transformation, consistent with the lack of any physical basis for microscopic time-reversal symmetry breaking. Another key principle resulting from this interpretation, and somewhat reminiscent of Mach's principle and the work of Hugo Tetrode, is that elementary particles are not self-interacting. This immediately removes the problem of electron self-energy giving an infinity in the energy of an electromagnetic field.

T-symmetry
T-symmetry or time reversal symmetry is the theoretical symmetry of physical laws under the transformation of time reversal,

Since the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases as time flows toward the future, in general, the macroscopic universe does not show symmetry under time reversal. In other words, time is said to be non-symmetric, or asymmetric, except for special equilibrium states when the second law of thermodynamics predicts the time symmetry to hold. However, quantum noninvasive measurements are predicted to violate time symmetry even in equilibrium, contrary to their classical counterparts, although this has not yet been experimentally confirmed.

Time asymmetries (see Arrow of time) generally are caused by one of three categories:

intrinsic to the dynamic physical law (e.g., for the weak force)

due to the initial conditions of the universe (e.g., for the second law of thermodynamics)

due to measurements (e.g., for the noninvasive measurements)
Sam Means (musician)
Samuel Thomas Means is an American musician, producer, and songwriter, best known for his work with Arizona-based indie pop band The Format who returned from a nearly two decade hiatus in September 2025 and announced a new album October 6, 2025.

The Format
The Format is an American indie rock band, formed by vocalist Nate Ruess and multi-instrumentalist Sam Means. Their style has been considered a mixture of indie, alternative, punk and folk music, with elements of 1960s and 1970s pop music. The Format chose their name to make fun of the music industry's inclination towards a cookie-cutter "format" for a hit single. Formed in 2002, the band released two studio albums before announcing a hiatus on February 4, 2008. On February 4, 2020, they announced a return from their hiatus for a tour of special shows that were later cancelled due to the pandemic. In 2025, the band reunited for a second time and announced their third studio album, Boycott Heaven, which was released on January 23, 2026.
To Hell and Black
To Hell and Black is the only studio album by American hip hop group Capital Punishment Organization. It was released through Capitol Records on August 7, 1990, and featured its two lead singles "Ballad of a Menace" and "This Beat Is Funky". The album peaked at No. 33 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

Audio production of the album was handled by M.C. Ren with co-production by CPO's Young D.

MC Ren
Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 16, 1969), known professionally by his stage name MC Ren, is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer from Compton, California. He is the founder and owner of the independent record label Villain Entertainment.

MC Ren began his career as a solo artist signed to Eazy-E's Ruthless Records in early 1987, while still attending high school. By mid-1988, after having written nearly half of Eazy-Duz-It, Ren had become a member of N.W.A, with whom he released recorded two albums and one EP. After the group disbanded in 1991, Ren stayed with Ruthless, releasing three solo albums—including the controversial Shock of the Hour (1993)—before leaving the label in 1998.

In 2016, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of N.W.A.

In 2024, he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as a member of N.W.A. He showed up to the ceremony to accept the award along with Ice Cube, DJ Yella, The D.O.C., and Lil Eazy-E.
Nehme (surname)
Nehme (Arabic: نعمة) is a prominent Lebanese surname which is derived from the given name Nehme. As of 2014, Nehme is the 39th most common surname in Lebanon with about 13,000 people holding the surname, or about one in 380 people.

Nehme (given name)
Nehme (Arabic: نعمة) is an Arabic unisex given name, meaning "blessing" or "grace".

While originally a given name, Nehme has developed into a common Lebanese surname. Indeed, the Nehme family is believed to stem from the Daou family tree with one of its sons, Nehme Daou, as the father of all Nehme families within the Levant.