hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Poets' Corner
The Poets' Corner is a book of twenty caricatures by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1904 by William Heinemann, and was Beerbohm's second book of caricatures, the first being Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen (1896).

Named after Poets' Corner, the name traditionally given to a section of the south transept of Westminster Abbey due to the number of poets, playwrights, and writers now buried and commemorated there, the book is a collection of Max Beerbohm's caricatures depicting notable poets from the past up to 1904, including Lord Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Shakespeare, Walt Whitman, William Wordsworth, W. B. Yeats, Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Dante, Robert Burns, Matthew Arnold, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Henrik Ibsen.

The Poets' Corner was republished in 1943 as a King Penguin publication with an introduction by John Rothenstein and expanded to twenty-four colour illustrations.

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.
Atiyah–Singer index theorem
In differential geometry, the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, proved by Michael Atiyah and Isadore Singer (1963), states that for an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold, the analytical index (related to the dimension of the space of solutions) is equal to the topological index (defined in terms of some topological data).  It includes many other theorems, such as the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem and Riemann–Roch theorem, as special cases, and has applications to theoretical physics.

Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem
In mathematics, the Chern theorem (or the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem after Shiing-Shen Chern, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Pierre Ossian Bonnet) states that the Euler–Poincaré characteristic (a topological invariant defined as the alternating sum of the Betti numbers of a topological space) of a closed even-dimensional Riemannian manifold is equal to the integral of a certain polynomial (the Euler class) of its curvature form (an analytical invariant).

It is a highly non-trivial generalization of the classic Gauss–Bonnet theorem (for 2-dimensional manifolds / surfaces) to higher even-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. In 1943, Carl B. Allendoerfer and André Weil proved a special case for extrinsic manifolds. In a classic paper published in 1944, Shiing-Shen Chern proved the theorem in full generality connecting global topology with local geometry.

The Riemann–Roch theorem and the Atiyah–Singer index theorem are other generalizations of the Gauss–Bonnet theorem.
Superposition calculus
The superposition calculus is a calculus for reasoning in equational logic. It was developed in the early 1990s  and combines concepts from first-order resolution with ordering-based equality handling as developed in the context of (unfailing) Knuth–Bendix completion. It can be seen as a generalization of either resolution (to equational logic) or unfailing completion (to full clausal logic). Like most first-order calculi, superposition tries to show the unsatisfiability of a set of first-order clauses, i.e. it performs proofs by refutation. Superposition is refutation complete—given unlimited resources and a fair derivation strategy, from any unsatisfiable clause set a contradiction will eventually be derived.

Many (state-of-the-art) theorem provers for first-order logic are based on superposition (e.g. the E equational theorem prover), although only a few implement the pure calculus.

E (theorem prover)
E is a high-performance theorem prover for full first-order logic with equality. It is based on the equational superposition calculus and uses a purely equational paradigm. It has been integrated into other theorem provers and it has been among the best-placed systems in several theorem proving competitions. E is developed by Stephan Schulz, originally in the Automated Reasoning Group at TU Munich, now at Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Stuttgart.
Reeve Aleutian Airways
Reeve Aleutian Airways was an airline headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It ceased operations on December 5, 2000. Reeve Aleutian was named, possibly as a pun on the word revolution, by combining founder Robert C. Reeve's surname and the Aleutian Islands, its primary destination.

Robert Campbell Reeve
Robert Campbell Reeve (March 27, 1902 – August 25, 1980) was an American pilot, who was the founder of Reeve Aleutian Airways. He was the Republican nominee for the 1952 House election against incumbent Bob Bartlett.
Salsburgh
Salsburgh is a semi-rural former coal mining village in greenbelt farmland within the district of North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The closest major towns to the village are Shotts, three miles (five kilometres) southeast, and Airdrie three miles (five kilometres)  northwest.

Salsburgh is perhaps best known for the floodlit Kirk O' Shotts Church, which sits on a hillock and is fairly visible as visitors enter the village from the east on the B7066 Whitburn to Newhouse road. As well as the busy M8 Motorway which runs adjacent to the B7066 and gives the Church the affectionate title 'The M8 Church'.

Shottskirk
Shottskirk, more commonly known as Kirk O'Shotts Parish Church, or affectionately "The M8 Church", is a local parish church located in Salsburgh, North Lanarkshire, Scotland, and serves the village of Salsburgh, the town of Shotts and the hamlets in between. The last dedicated minister for this church was Rev. Sheila Spence who retired in 2000.
Russell Morash
Russell Morash (February 11, 1936 – June 19, 2024) was an American public television producer and director. Morash's many educational television programs including The French Chef, The Victory Garden, This Old House, and The New Yankee Workshop, were produced through WGBH and aired on PBS.

His work earned fourteen Emmy Awards, and he was the 2014 recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Daytime Emmy awards.

The New Yankee Workshop
The New Yankee Workshop is an American half-hour woodworking television series produced by WGBH Boston, which aired on PBS. Created in 1989 by Russell Morash, the program was hosted by Norm Abram, a regular fixture on Morash's television series This Old House.
Harrison Ludington
Harrison Ludington (July 30, 1812 – June 17, 1891) was an American businessman, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served as the 13th governor of Wisconsin and was the 20th and 22nd mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Henry Ludington
Henry Ludington  (May 25, 1738 – January 24, 1817) was an American soldier in the American Revolutionary War. He aided the effort by providing spies and was associated with John Jay in a ring of spies.
2024 New Brunswick general election
The 2024 New Brunswick general election was held on October 21, 2024, where 49 members were elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. It was formally called upon the dissolution of the 60th New Brunswick Legislature on September 19, 2024.

The incumbent Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick (PC) government, led by Premier Blaine Higgs since 2018, sought re-election to a third consecutive term. The party was defeated by the New Brunswick Liberal Association, led by Susan Holt, with them set to form a majority government in a landslide victory. Higgs was defeated in his own riding of Quispamsis, the first time since 1987 that a sitting New Brunswick Premier lost in their own riding. Upon taking office, Holt became the first woman premier of New Brunswick.

Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick
The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick is a centre-right conservative political party in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The party has its origins in the pre-Canadian Confederation Conservative Party that opposed the granting of responsible government to the colony. It has historically followed the Red Tory tradition. From the 2010s, the party underwent a shift to Blue Toryism after the election of Blaine Higgs as leader, who was premier from 2018 to 2024.
Kuban bridgehead
The Kuban Bridgehead (German: Kuban-Brückenkopf), also known as the "Goth's head position" (Gotenkopfstellung), was a German military position on the Taman Peninsula, Russia, between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Existing from January to October 1943, the bridgehead formed after the Germans were pushed out of the Caucasus. The heavily fortified position was intended as a staging area for the Wehrmacht which was to be used to renew attacks towards the oil wells of the Caucasus. Axis positions in the bridgehead were repeatedly subjected to large Soviet offensives, but none ever comprehensively broke the Axis defensive lines. The bridgehead was abandoned when the Red Army breached the Panther–Wotan line, forcing an evacuation of the German forces across the Kerch Strait to Crimea.

Battle of the Caucasus
The Battle of the Caucasus was a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus as part of the Eastern Front of World War II. On 25 July 1942, German troops captured Rostov-on-Don, opening the Caucasus region of the southern Soviet Union to the Germans and threatening the oil fields beyond at Maykop, Grozny, and ultimately Baku. Two days prior, Adolf Hitler had issued a directive to launch an operation into the Caucasus named Operation Edelweiß. German units would reach their high water mark in the Caucasus in early November 1942, getting as far as the town of Alagir and city of Ordzhonikidze, some 610 km from their starting positions. Axis forces were compelled to withdraw from the area later that winter as Operation Little Saturn threatened to cut them off.
Oklahoma Labor Commissioner
The Oklahoma Commissioner of Labor is an elective executive officer of the State of Oklahoma. The Labor Commissioner serves as the head of the Oklahoma Department of Labor. The Labor Commissioner is responsible for supervising the administration of all state laws relating to labor and workplace safety and gathers and publishes information about the workforce of Oklahoma.

Until his death in August, 2015, the Labor Commissioner was Mark Costello, a Republican, who defeated the incumbent Lloyd Fields, a Democrat in the November 2010 election. In November 2015, Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin appointed Melissa McLawhorn Houston to serve out the remainder of Costello’s term. Houston did not seek reelection to the position in the 2018 election, and was succeeded as Commissioner by Leslie Osborn.

Oklahoma Department of Labor
The Oklahoma Department of Labor (ODOL) is an agency of the government of Oklahoma that is headed by the Oklahoma Labor Commissioner, a statewide elected position. ODOL is responsible for supervising the administration of all state laws relating to labor and workplace safety and gathers and publishes information about the workforce of Oklahoma.

The present Commissioner of Labor is Leslie Osborn who was elected by the people in November 2018 and took office January 2019.
Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Paris Métro Line 3bis
Paris Métro Line 3bis (French: Ligne 3 bis du métro de Paris) is one of the sixteen currently open lines of the Paris Métro. This short shuttle connects Gambetta and Porte des Lilas in the 20th arrondissement, east of Paris. With a length of 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) and four stations, this is the shortest line currently open in the network. It is also the least used line, with just over 1.6 million passengers in 2003, behind Line 7bis's 3.5 million.

The line was constructed in one block during the 1910s as an extension to Line 3, but the two parts were disconnected in 1971 when Line 3 was extended to Bagnolet - Gallieni, following the same fate as the Danube branch of Line 7 which became Line 7bis four years prior. From then on the line, now dubbed 3bis, was operated separately. As of 2010, six MF 67 trains, each shortened to three cars, run on the line.

Paris Métro Line 7bis
Paris Métro Line 7bis is one of the sixteen subway lines currently open on the Paris Métro. It connects Louis Blanc, in the 10th arrondissement to Pré Saint-Gervais in the 19th arrondisement in the north-eastern part of the city. With a length of 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) and eight stations, the line is the second shortest on the Paris Métro, only longer than Line 3bis.

The line was opened in 1911, then operating as a branch of Line 7. However, due to a large difference in passenger numbers between this branch and the other Line 7 branch (then operating from Louis Blanc to the Porte de La Vilette station), the Pré-Saint-Gervais branch was separated from Line 7, forming the current Line 7bis.
Latvia men's national basketball team
The Latvia men's national basketball team (Latvian: Latvijas basketbola izlase) represents Latvia in international basketball. They are organized and run by the Latvian Basketball Association. Latvia has reached the European Basketball Championship 15 times, with their ultimate success occurring during the inter-war period, when they became the first team to win the tournament in 1935. Four years later, they had another impressive run to come away with the silver in 1939. Although after 1939, Latvia were forced to suspend their national team operations, due to the Occupation of the Baltic states. Latvia regained independence in 1991, with their national team taking part in international competition once again a year later.

EuroBasket 1939
The 1939 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1939, was the third FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA. Eight national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) took part in the competition.  Defending champions Lithuania hosted the tournament, held in Kaunas Sports Hall.
Polk County, Oregon
Polk County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 87,433. The county seat is Dallas. The county is named for James Knox Polk, the 11th president of the United States.

Polk County is part of the Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley.

Dallas, Oregon
Dallas is a city in and the county seat of Polk County, Oregon, United States. The population was 16,854 at the 2020 census.

Dallas is along Rickreall Creek, about 15 miles (24 km) west of Salem, at an elevation of 325 feet (99 m) above sea level. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
River Camel
The River Camel  (Cornish: Dowr Kammel, meaning crooked river) is a river in Cornwall, England. It rises on the edge of Bodmin Moor and with its tributaries its catchment area covers much of North Cornwall. The river flows into the eastern Celtic Sea between Stepper Point and Pentire Point having covered about 30 miles (50 km) making it the second longest river wholly in Cornwall. The river is tidal upstream to Egloshayle and is popular for sailing, birdwatching and fishing. The name Camel comes from the Cornish language for 'the crooked one', a reference to its winding course. Historically the river was divided into three named stretches. Heyl (Cornish: Heyl, meaning estuary) was the name for the estuary up to Egloshayle, the River Allen (Cornish: Dowr Alen, meaning shining river) was the stretch between Egloshayle and Trecarne, whilst the Camel was reserved for the stretch of river between its source and Trecarne.

Bodmin Moor
Bodmin Moor (Cornish Standard Written Form: Goon Brenn) is a granite moorland in north-eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 208 square kilometres (80 sq mi) in size, and the granite dates from the Permian period of geological history. It includes Brown Willy, the highest point in Cornwall, and Rough Tor, a slightly lower peak. Many of Cornwall's rivers have their sources here. It has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic era, when early farmers started clearing trees and farming the land. They left their megalithic monuments, hut circles and cairns, and the Bronze Age culture that followed left further cairns, and more stone circles and stone rows. By medieval and modern times, nearly all the forest was gone and livestock rearing predominated.

The name Bodmin Moor is relatively recent. An early mention is in the Royal Cornwall Gazette of 28 November 1812. The upland area was formerly known as Fowey Moor after the River Fowey, which rises within it.
John Chavis
John Chavis (c. 1763–June 15, 1838) was a free Black educator and Presbyterian minister in the American South during the early 19th century. Born in Oxford, North Carolina, he was the first African American known to attend college in the U.S. and he fought for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Chavis studied with John Witherspoon at the College of New Jersey (presently Princeton University) and finished his studies at Liberty Hall Academy (presently Washington and Lee University) in Virginia, where he was licensed to preach. Later, while working in Raleigh, North Carolina, he established a private school that was highly regarded and attended by both White and Black students (although on differing schedules).

Washington and Lee University
Washington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W&L) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia, United States. Established in 1749 as Augusta Academy, it is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in the US.

Washington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. The institution consists of three academic units: the college itself; the Williams School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics; and the School of Law. It hosts 24 intercollegiate varsity athletic teams which compete as part of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division III).
College literary societies
College literary societies in American higher education are a particular kind of social organization, distinct from literary societies generally, and they were often the precursors of college fraternities and sororities. In the period from the late 18th century to the Civil War, collegiate literary societies were an important part of campus social life. These societies are often called Latin literary societies because they typically have compound Latinate names.

Philomathean Society
Philomathean Society /ˌfaɪloʊˈmeɪθiən/ of the University of Pennsylvania is a collegiate literary society, one of the oldest student groups at the university, and one of the oldest continuously-existing collegiate literary societies in the United States. Founded in 1813, its goal is "to promote the learning of its members and to increase the academic prestige of the University."
9th Air Wing (JASDF)
The 9th Air Wing (第9航空団 (dai-kyuu-koukudan)) is a wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the Southwestern Air Defense Force. It is based at Naha Air Base in Okinawa Prefecture.

As of 2017 it has two squadrons, both equipped with Mitsubishi F-15J/DJ and Kawasaki T-4 aircraft:

204th Tactical Fighter Squadron

304th Tactical Fighter Squadron

Mitsubishi F-15J
The McDonnell Douglas - Mitsubishi F-15J/DJ Eagle is a twin-engine, all-weather air superiority fighter based on the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle in use by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). The F-15J was produced under license by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries along with McDonnell Douglas. The subsequent F-15DJ and F-15J J-MSIP (MSIP Configuration II Aircraft) variants were also produced. Japan is the largest customer of the F-15 Eagle outside the United States. In addition to combat, F-15DJ roles include training. The F-15J Kai is a modernized version of the F-15J. Kai was an early designation that has gradually subdivided; nowadays, Japan no longer uses 'kai' to refer to newly upgraded F-15Js. Instead, Japanese predominantly use J-MSIP or F-15MJ.
Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic
The Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Iglesia Episcopal Dominicana) is the diocese of the Anglican Communion which covers all of the Dominican Republic. It is in Province IX of The Episcopal Church and includes about 60 parishes. Its cathedral is the Cathedral of the Epiphany in the see city of Santo Domingo. Moisés Quezada Mota is the current diocesan bishop.

Moisés Quezada Mota
Moisés Quezada Mota (born December 3, 1956) is bishop coadjutor of the Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic. He was elected on July 25, 2015 and consecrated on February 13, 2016. He was ordained to the diaconate on August 15, 1982, and to the priesthood on May 22, 1983.
Ilagan Isabela Cowboys
The Ilagan Isabela Cowboys are a Filipino professional basketball team based in Ilagan, Isabela. The team competes in the The Asian Tournament (TAT) and mainly in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's North Division. The team plays its home games at the Capital Arena.

The Ilagan-based franchise began play in the 2025 season as the league's newest expansion team to date. The Cowboys are the lone team based in the Cagayan Valley region and one of three teams based in Northern Luzon, alongside the Abra Solid North Weavers and Pangasinan Heatwaves.

Pangasinan Heatwaves
The Pangasinan Heatwaves are a Filipino professional basketball team based in the province of Pangasinan. The team competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's North Division. The team splits its home games between Calasiao Sports Complex in Calasiao and Robert B. Estrella Sr. Memorial Stadium in Rosales.

The team began play in the 2024 MPBL season as part of the league's Northern Luzon expansion. They also compete in the Pilipinas Super League under the name Pangasinan Abono Reapers.

The Heatwaves are the lone team based in the Ilocos Region and are one of three teams based in Northern Luzon, the other two being the Abra Solid North Weavers and Ilagan Isabela Cowboys