hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Superpotential
In theoretical physics, the superpotential is a function in supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Given a superpotential, two "partner potentials" are derived that can each serve as a potential in the Schrödinger equation. The partner potentials have the same spectrum, apart from a possible eigenvalue of zero, meaning that the physical systems represented by the two potentials have the same characteristic energies, apart from a possible zero-energy ground state.

Supersymmetric quantum mechanics
In theoretical physics, supersymmetric quantum mechanics is an area of research where supersymmetry are applied to the simpler setting of plain quantum mechanics, rather than quantum field theory. Supersymmetric quantum mechanics has found applications outside of high-energy physics, such as providing new methods to solve quantum mechanical problems, providing useful extensions to the WKB approximation, and statistical mechanics.
OpenGL Shading Language
OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) is a high-level shading language with a syntax based on the C programming language. It was created by the OpenGL ARB (OpenGL Architecture Review Board) to give developers more direct control of the graphics pipeline without having to use ARB assembly language or hardware-specific languages.

ARB assembly language
ARB assembly language is a low-level shading language, which can be characterized as an assembly language.  It was created by the OpenGL Architecture Review Board (ARB) to standardize GPU instructions controlling the hardware graphics pipeline.
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (French: [fʁɑ̃swaz baʁesinusi] ⓘ; born 30 July 1947) is a French virologist and Director of the Regulation of Retroviral Infections Division (French: Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales) and Professor at the Institut Pasteur in Paris. Born in Paris, Barré-Sinoussi performed some of the fundamental work in the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS. In 2008, Barré-Sinoussi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with her former mentor, Luc Montagnier, for their discovery of HIV. She mandatorily retired from active research on 31 August 2015, and fully retired by some time in 2017.

Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur, pronounced [ɛ̃stity pastœʁ]) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887 and inaugurated on 14 November 1888.

For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. It has also been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague.

Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists.
Bascinet
The bascinet – also bassinet, basinet, or bazineto – was a Medieval European open-faced combat helmet. It evolved from a type of iron or steel skullcap, but had a more pointed apex to the skull, and it extended downwards at the rear and sides to afford protection for the neck. A mail curtain (aventail or camail) was usually attached to the lower edge of the helmet to protect the throat, neck and shoulders. A visor (face guard) was often employed from c. 1330 to protect the exposed face. Early in the fifteenth century, the camail began to be replaced by a plate metal gorget, giving rise to the so-called "great bascinet".

Visor (armor)
A visor was an armored covering for the face often used in conjunction with Late Medieval war helmets such as the bascinet or sallet. The visor usually consisted of a hinged piece of steel that contained openings for breathing and vision. Appropriately, breaths refers to the holes in the metal of the visor. Visors protected the face during battle and could be remarkably durable. One surviving artifact was found to be "equivalent in hardness to cold worked high speed steel."
Lake Simcoe
Lake Simcoe is a lake in southern Ontario, Canada, the fourth-largest lake wholly within the province, after Lake Nipigon, Lac Seul, and Lake Nipissing. At the time of the first European contact in the 17th century, the lake was called Ouentironk ("Beautiful Water") by the native Wendat/Ouendat (Huron) people. It was also known as Lake Taronto until it was renamed by John Graves Simcoe, the first lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, in memory of his father, Captain John Simcoe of the Royal Navy. In Anishinaabemowin, the historical language of the First Nations living around this lake, namely Anishinaabek of Rama and Georgina Island First Nations, the lake is called Zhooniyaang-zaaga'igan, meaning "Silver Lake".

Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation
Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation (Ojibwe: Waaseyaagmiing Anishinaabek) are an Ojibwa (or Anishinaabeg) people located on Georgina Island in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. In 2008, of the First Nation's registered population of 666 people, 181 lived on, and 485 lived outside, their reserve. As of 2020, the band has a total population of 923 members. They are one of a handful of First Nations in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area.
Galva–Holstein Community School District
42°29′15″N 95°32′14″W﻿ / ﻿42.487401°N 95.537242°W﻿ / 42.487401; -95.537242

The Galva–Holstein School District is a rural public school district in Ida County, Iowa, United States, based in Holstein, Iowa.

The district, which serves Holstein and Galva, is mostly in Ida County, with sections in Buena Vista, Cherokee, and Sac counties.

As the district shares a superintendent and some schools with the Schaller-Crestland Community School District, the two operate under the name "Ridge View Community School District".

Schaller-Crestland Community School District
42°29′52″N 95°17′50″W﻿ / ﻿42.497906°N 95.297186°W﻿ / 42.497906; -95.297186

Schaller-Crestland Community School District is a rural public school district headquartered in Schaller, Iowa.

It is mostly within Sac County, with portions in Buena Vista and Ida counties. It serves the municipalities of Schaller, Early, and Nemaha.

As the district shares a superintendent and some schools with the Galva–Holstein Community School District, the two operate under the name "Ridge View Community School District".
Eunice Lam
Eunice Lam Yin-nei (Chinese: 林燕妮; 31 January 1943 – 31 May 2018), also known as Lin Yanni, was a Hong Kong novelist, columnist, businesswoman, and socialite, often called the "prodigal daughter" of Hong Kong. She published more than eighty books, many of which have been adapted into films. She also wrote regular columns for the Ming Pao, and Jin Yong, the famous writer who founded the newspaper, praised her as the "best modern woman essayist".

Lam was married to Peter Lee, brother of the kung-fu star Bruce Lee. Her brother Richard Lam was also a well-known Cantopop lyricist. Her lengthy extra-marital relationship with the celebrated songwriter Wong Jim garnered her media attention.

James Wong Jim
James Wong Jim (Chinese: 黃霑; Jyutping: wong4 zim1; Cantonese Yale: wòhng jīm; 18 March 1941 – 24 November 2004, also known as "霑叔" or "Uncle Jim") was a Cantopop lyricist and songwriter based primarily in Hong Kong. Beginning from the 1960s, he was the lyricist for over 2,000 songs, collaborating with songwriter Joseph Koo (a.k.a. Koo Kar-Fai) on many popular television theme songs, many of which have become classics of the genre. His work propelled Cantopop to unprecedented popularity.

He was also well known in Asia as a columnist, actor, film director, screenwriter, and talk show host. He took part in creative directing positions within the entertainment industry in Hong Kong.

Wong died on 24 November 2004 of lung cancer after a four-year battle at the age of 63.
Hooke's atom
Hooke's atom, also known as harmonium or hookium, refers to an artificial helium-like atom where the Coulombic electron-nucleus interaction potential is 
replaced by a harmonic potential. This system is of significance as it is, for certain values of the force constant defining the harmonic containment, an exactly solvable ground-state many-electron problem that explicitly includes electron correlation. As such it can provide insight into quantum correlation (albeit in the presence of a non-physical nuclear potential) and can act as a test system for judging the accuracy of approximate quantum chemical methods for solving the Schrödinger equation.  The name "Hooke's atom" arises because the harmonic potential used to describe the electron-nucleus interaction is a consequence of Hooke's law.

Quantum harmonic oscillator
The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary smooth potential can usually be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point,  it is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics. Furthermore, it is one of the few quantum-mechanical systems for which an exact, analytical solution is known.
Obrovac, Serbia
Obrovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Обровац) is a village located in the Bačka Palanka municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,177 people (2002 census).

Bačka Palanka
Bačka Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бачка Паланка, pronounced [bâːtʃkaː pǎlaːnka]; Hungarian: Palánka) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of the Danube. In 2022 the town had a total population of 25,476, while Bačka Palanka municipality had 48,265 inhabitants.
Jaguar XJ (X308)
The Jaguar XJ (X308) is a full-size luxury saloon car made by Jaguar Cars from 1997 until 2002. It has a Jaguar AJ-V8 engine and Jaguar independent rear suspension. It was the third and final evolution of the Jaguar XJ40 platform that had been in production since 1986. It was preceded by the Jaguar XJ (X300).

Jaguar XJ (X300)
The Jaguar XJ (X300) is a full-size luxury saloon car manufactured by Jaguar Cars between 1994 and 1997. It was the first Jaguar XJ produced entirely under Ford Motor Company ownership, and can be considered an evolution of the outgoing XJ40 generation. Like all previous XJ generations, it features the Jaguar independent rear suspension arrangement. The design of the X300 placed emphasis on improved build quality, improved reliability, and a return to traditional Jaguar styling elements.

At the car's launch in October 1994 at the Paris Motor Show, Jaguar marketing material made use of the phrase "New Series XJ" to describe the X300 models. The X300 series represented the result of a £200 million facilities renewal program by Ford. The program introduced state-of-the-art automated body welding robots manufactured by Nissan, and was intended to show the future direction of the British auto industry. The X300 went on to become one of Jaguar's most successful models.
Ascent of the Blessed
Ascent of the Blessed is a Hieronymus Bosch painting made between 1505 and 1515. It depicts angels helping human souls towards heaven. The attribution to Bosch is not universally accepted.

It is located in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice, Italy. This painting is part of a polyptych of four panels entitled Visions of the Hereafter. The others are Terrestrial Paradise, Fall of the Damned into Hell and Hell.

Hell (Bosch)
Hell is an oil-on-panel painting executed after 1490 by the Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch. It is currently in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice, Italy.

This painting is part of a series of four. The others are Ascent of the Blessed, Terrestrial Paradise and Fall of the Damned into Hell. In this panel it shows the punishment of the wicked in Hell with diverse kinds of torture laid out by demons.
The Duchess (horse)
The Duchess (1813–1836) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1816. In a racing career which lasted from March 1815 until October 1819 she competed in thirty-three races and won nineteen times. She was still unnamed when winning three races as a two-year-old in 1815, when she was one of the leading juveniles in the north of England. In the following year she was named Duchess of Leven, which was shortened to The Duchess when she was sold to Sir Bellingham Graham. She won seven of her nine races as a three-year-old, including the Gold Cup at Pontefract and the St Leger at Doncaster. The Duchess remained in training for a further three seasons, winning five times in 1817, twice in 1818 and twice in 1819, beating many leading horses of the time including Blacklock, Doctor Syntax, Rhoda and Filho da Puta. After her retirement from racing, The Duchess had some success as a broodmare.

Filho da Puta
Filho da Puta (14 April 1812 – 25 August 1835) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. He won nine of his 12 races including the St. Leger Stakes and Doncaster Gold Cup. He also sired St. Leger winner Birmingham and was the leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1828. He was owned by Sir William Maxwell and later T. Houldsworth. His name means "son of a bitch" in Portuguese.

The name "Filho da Puta" originated from the irritation of Sir William Barnett, owner of the Haras where the animal was born, who, when the foal was born, had learned that his wife had been disloyal. Sir William, who had lived in Portugal and knew the Portuguese language well, in a fit of anger gave this name to the future champion.

Filho da Puta was painted in oil on canvas by a famous English painter John Frederick Herring in 1815. He is exhibited at the Doncaster Museum Service (England). The painting measures 34.5 x 45 cm and was purchased by the museum in 1958.
Hypostictic acid
Hypostictic acid is a lichen secondary metabolite belonging to the depsidone class of aromatic compounds. It was first prepared in 1933 by catalytic hydrogenation of stictic acid isolated from the foliose lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, and as a natural product was later reported from an undescribed species of the crustose lichen genus Thelotrema collected in Venezuelan cloud forest. As a lichen metabolite it has been detected as a minor or trace component in several foliose and crustose lichen genera, including Pseudoparmelia, Xanthoparmelia, Nephroma, Aspicilia, Clandestinotrema, Porpidia and Rinodina. Hypostictic acid forms colourless crystals with a relatively high melting point and has been used as a model substrate in electrochemical studies that investigate the reduction behaviour of lichen depsidones.

Stictic acid
Stictic acid is an aromatic organic compound, a product of secondary metabolism in some species of lichens.

Stictic acid is the subject of preliminary biomedical research. Stictic acid has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in vitro. Computational studies suggest stictic acid may also stimulate p53 reactivation.
Bar Council of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
The Madras Bar Council or Bar Council of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry  is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for lawyers practicing law in the state of Tamilnadu and  Union Territory of Puducherry. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India. In March 1953, S. R. Das as head of the 'All India Bar Committee', proposed the creation of the apex body as an All-India Bar Council and a Bar council at state levels and submitted a report to the Central Government of India.  Members of Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers practicing law in the state of Tamilnadu and  Union Territory of Puducherry and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of professional conduct to be followed by members, and designs etiquettes and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

Bar Council of India
Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under section 4 of the Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and represent the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to universities whose law degrees will qualify students to enrol themselves as advocates upon graduation.
Kimberly Daniels
Kimberly Daniels (born June 12, 1961) is an American minister, religious author, politician and former prostitute. Daniels is a member of the Democratic Party in the Florida House of Representatives, representing House District 14 (part of Duval County).

Daniels began her political career as an at-large member of the Jacksonville City Council. She represented House District 14 in the Florida House of Representatives from 2016 to 2020 before being defeated in the Democratic primary in 2020 by Angie Nixon. Daniels was elected to represent Florida House District 14 again in 2022, and was reelected in 2024.

Angie Nixon
Angela Nixon (born February 27, 1984) is an American politician who has served as a Democratic member in the Florida House of Representatives since 2020. She is a candidate in the 2026 United States Senate special election in Florida.
Cabot High School
Cabot High School (CHS) is a public high school located in Cabot, Arkansas. The school serves students in grades ten through twelve and is administered by Cabot Public Schools, which serves the city and most of northern Lonoke County. The district, and therefore the high school's boundary, includes the communities of Cabot, Austin, and Ward.

Cabot, Arkansas
Cabot is the largest city in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 26,569, and in 2024 the population was an estimated 27,575, ranking it as the state's 19th largest city, behind Jacksonville. It is part of the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway metropolitan area.
Intercollegiate League for Industrial Democracy
The Intercollegiate League for Industrial Democracy (known from 1933 as the Student League for Industrial Democracy) was the official youth section of the League for Industrial Democracy and a de facto junior section of the Socialist Party of America during the 1920s and the first half of the 1930s. The organization merged with a student organization sponsored by the Communist Party, USA in 1935 to form the American Student Union.

League for Industrial Democracy
The League for Industrial Democracy (LID) was founded as a successor to the Intercollegiate Socialist Society in 1921. Members decided to change its name to reflect a more inclusive and more organizational perspective.
Miss Waldron's red colobus
Miss Waldron's red colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae) is a species of the red colobus native to West Africa.  It had previously been described as a subspecies of the western red colobus, P. badius.  It has not been officially sighted since 1978 and was considered extinct in 2000. However, new evidence suggests that a very small number of these monkeys may be living in the southeast corner of Côte d'Ivoire. The IUCN Red List notes Miss Waldron's red colobus as critically endangered.

Miss Waldron's red colobus was discovered in December 1933 by Willoughby P. Lowe, a British Museum (Natural History) collector who had shot eight specimens of the animal. Robert William Hayman named it after a fellow museum employee, Miss Fanny Waldron, who assisted in the expedition where Lowe collected the eight specimens.

Western red colobus
The western red colobus (Piliocolobus badius), also known as the bay red colobus, rust red colobus or Upper Guinea red colobus, is a species of Old World monkey in West African forests from Senegal to Ghana. All other species of red colobuses have formerly been considered subspecies of P. badius. 
The monkey is a frequent prey of the common chimpanzee. In 1994, western red colobus monkeys infected many chimpanzees with Ebola virus after being hunted and consumed by the chimps.
Costantino Costantini (politician)
Costantino Costantini was an Istrian Italian lawyer and politician. He was Mayor of Pisino (now Pazin, Croatia) from 1919 until 1922. He was the son of former podestà (mayor) and politician Francesco Costantini. He has been credited as "one of the most illustrious figures of Istrian irredentism".

Francesco Costantini
Francesco Costantini (21 August 1827 – 8 January 1899) was an Istrian Italian lawyer and politician, who was Podestà (Mayor) of Pisino (now Pazin, Croatia) from 1880 to 1883. In 1884 he founded in Pisino the Società politica istriana, of which he was also the first president.
Mwanza Region
Mwanza Region (Mkoa wa Mwanza in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions,  covering a total land area of 25,233 km2 (9,743 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of North Macedonia. Mwanza Region is bordered to the north through Lake Victoria by the Kagera Region and Mara Region, to the east by Simiyu Region, to the south by the Shinyanga Region and to the west by Geita Region. The regional capital is the city of Mwanza. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,699,872 and national census of 2012 had 2,772,509. Mwanza Region is the second region with high population in Tanzania after Dar es Salaam Region.

Kagera Region
Kagera Region (Mkoa wa Kagera in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,686 km2 (13,778 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the land area of the Netherlands. Kagera Region is bordered to the east by Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region and Mara Region. The region is bordered to the south by Geita Region and Kigoma Region. Lastly, Kagera borders Rwanda to the west, Uganda to the north and Burundi to the south west.
The regional capital city is Bukoba. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,989,299, an increase from 2,458,023 recorded in 2012.