hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dogeza
Dogeza (土下座) is an element of traditional Japanese etiquette which involves kneeling directly on the ground and bowing to prostrate oneself while touching one's head to the floor. It is used to show deference to a person of higher status, as a deep apology or to express the desire for a favor from said person.

The term is used in Japanese politics such as "dogeza-gaikō" (土下座外交) which is translated to "kowtow diplomacy" or "kowtow foreign policy". In general, dogeza is translated into English as "prostration" or "kowtow".

Prostration
Prostration is the gesture of placing one's body in a reverentially or submissively prone position. Typically prostration is distinguished from the lesser acts of bowing or kneeling by involving a part of the body above the knee, especially the hands, touching the ground.

Major world religions employ prostration as an act of submissiveness or worship to an entity or to the Supreme Being (i.e. God), as in the metanoia in Christian prayer used in the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches, and in the sujud of the Islamic prayer, salat. In various cultures and traditions, prostrations are similarly used to show respect to rulers, civil authorities and social elders or superiors, as in the Yoruba Idobale, Chinese kowtow or Ancient Greek proskynesis.  The act has often traditionally been an important part of religious, civil and traditional rituals and ceremonies, and remains in use in many cultures.
Serbisyo All Access
CNN Philippines Serbisyo All Access (simply Serbisyo All Access, lit. All Access Service) was the flagship public-service program of CNN Philippines and its predecessors Solar News Channel and 9TV. It aired on the weekdays from 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. (PST) before Sports Desk. The program also had a TV and radio hook-up over 8 RPN-TV Stations and 13 RPN-Radyo Ronda stations nationwide since June 9, 2014. The program initially had a two-hour runtime until April 4, 2016, when it was reduced to 1 hour to give way for the newly launched Balitaan.

The program ended on its slot last January 27, 2017, and was replaced with Newsroom Ngayon on January 30, 2017. However, the Serbisyo All Access name still continues as a segment of Newsroom Ngayon as Serbisyo Ngayon.

Balitaan (2016 TV program)
Balitaan (formerly known Balitaan Kasama si Pinky Webb (lit. News)) was the flagship Filipino language noontime newscast of ALIW Channel 23. The program remake of the 2013 Philippine television newscasts of the same title aired on PTV. It aired from April 4, 2016 to January 26, 2024, replacing CNN Philippines Newsroom: Afternoon Edition and was replaced by Eat Bulaga! which returned to the RPN's noontime timeslot after nearly 35 years, DWIZ 882 Balitambayan kasama si Drew Nacino and Frontline Express on RPTV's noontime timeslot. The newscasts aired on weekdays at 12:00 NN PST and is anchored by Pinky Webb. The newscast aired its last broadcast on January 26, 2024, as CNN Philippines ceased live news operations on the morning of January 29 ahead of its announced closure on January 31.
Elizabeth L. Train
Elizabeth Langdon Train (born 1955) is a retired United States Navy rear admiral who was the Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence and the Director, National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office. Train is a third generation naval officer, her father is Admiral Harry D. Train II and her grandfather is Rear Admiral Harold C. Train.

Harry D. Train II
Harry Depue Train II (born November 5, 1927) is a retired United States Navy admiral and a Senior Fellow at the Joint Advanced Warfighting School at the Joint Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia.
Solar News Channel
Solar News Channel (SNC) was the Philippine free-to-air television channel owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation and Nine Media Corporation (formerly Solar Television Network), leased airtime from Southern Broadcasting Network (2012–2013) and Radio Philippines Network (2013–2014). The station was operational 18 hours a day from 6:00 AM to midnight on free TV, while being available 24 hours on cable, satellite and internet TV providers.

The channel was carried over on SBN's flagship DWCP-TV (2012-13) and RPN's flagship DZKB-TV (2013-14).

SNC local programming and master control originate at Upper Ground Floor of the Worldwide Corporate Center, Shaw Boulevard corner Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Mandaluyong.

The channel ceased broadcasting on August 22, 2014, and was replaced by 9TV.

Nine Media Corporation
Nine Media Corporation (NMC, formerly known as Solar Television Network, Inc. or STVNI) is a Philippine-based media company. Formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of  Solar Entertainment Corporation (SEC), a multimedia television and film company owned by Tieng family, it is now solely owned by the ALC Group of Companies through its indirect parent Broadreach Media Holdings, Inc. Its headquarters are located at the ground floor of Worldwide Corporate Center, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong.

NMC owns and operates its sole television property RPTV (joint venture with TV5 Network) and also a 34% controlling share in the Radio Philippines Network (RPN).
Alton, Hampshire
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a market town and civil parish in East Hampshire, England, near the source of the northern branch of the River Wey. It had a population of 19,425 at the 2021 census.

Alton was recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 as Aoltone. During the Saxon period Alton was known as Aweltun. The Battle of Alton occurred in the town during the English Civil War. It also has connections with Sweet Fanny Adams and Jane Austen.

Murder of Fanny Adams
Fanny Adams (30 April 1859 – 24 August 1867) was an eight-year-old English girl who was murdered by Frederick Baker, a solicitor's clerk, in Alton, Hampshire, in 1867. Her murder was extraordinarily brutal and caused a national outcry in the United Kingdom. Baker abducted Adams and took her into a hop garden near her home, where he killed and dismembered her; some parts of her body were never found. An investigation suggested that two small knives were used for the murder, but it was later ruled they would have been insufficient to carry out the crime and that another weapon must have been used. Baker was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging.
Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre
The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre, formerly known as the Morden and District Museum, is a fossil museum located in Morden, Manitoba, in the lower level of the Access Events Centre. The museum currently houses the largest collection of marine reptile fossils in Canada.

Morden, Manitoba
Morden is a city located in the Pembina Valley region of southern Manitoba, Canada, near the United States border. It is about 11 km (6.8 mi) west of the neighbouring city of Winkler and they are often referred to as Manitoba's Twin Cities. Morden, which is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley, is the eighth largest and fastest-growing city in Manitoba. According to Statistics Canada, the city had a population of 9,929 in 2021, an increase of 14.5% from 2016, making it Manitoba's fastest growing city.
Boğaziçi University
Boğaziçi University  is a public research university in Istanbul, Turkey. Its main campus in Bebek is located just west of the Bosphorus, from which the institution takes its name. It is historically linked to Robert College, the first American college founded outside the United States. The university reports that its liberal approach has fostered an interdisciplinary and international research environment, and the peaceful coexistence of different lifestyles and worldviews.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Abercrombie Kids
Abercrombie Kids is a children's clothing brand owned by Abercrombie & Fitch, introduced in 1998. Originally targeting high school consumers aged 13–18 as "abercrombie" its focus has shifted to the 7–14 market as "abercrombie kids", the concept is designed as the children's version of its parent company A&F. There are 122 full-price abercrombie kids stores in the US, Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom; including standalone retail stores and "carve-outs" in larger Abercrombie & Fitch locations.

Abercrombie & Fitch
Abercrombie & Fitch Co. (A&F) is an American lifestyle retailer founded in 1892, which focuses on contemporary clothing targeting customers in their early 20s to mid 40s. Headquartered in New Albany, Ohio, the company operates four offshoot brands: Abercrombie Kids, Your Personal Best, Hollister Co., and Gilly Hicks with 780+ company operated stores across its brands, as of Q4 2024.

As one of the oldest American clothing brands, the company originally marketed high-end outdoor clothing, but by the early 1980s it had almost entirely changed its direction. In the 1990s, under the leadership of CEO Mike Jeffries, Abercrombie & Fitch underwent a meteoric rise, focusing on "casual luxury" fashion and specifically "the good-looking, cool kids"—using sophisticated sexualized advertising, prominently of fashion models in revealing outfits.

The clothing company has since refocused itself successfully, targeting a more diverse range of customers in their early 20's to mid 40's.
7-Chlorolorcaserin
7-Chlorolorcaserin, also known as (1R)-7,8-dichloro-1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine, is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist of the 3-benzazepine family related to the previously marketed appetite suppressant and anti-obesity drug lorcaserin (Belviq).
 It is specifically the 7-chloro derivative of lorcaserin. The drug is much more potent as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and much less selective for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor than lorcaserin. It was first described by 2005.

Lorcaserin
Lorcaserin, marketed under the brand name Belviq, was a weight-loss drug developed by Arena Pharmaceuticals. It reduces appetite by activating the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain which is known to control appetite. It was approved in 2012, and in 2020 was removed from the market in the United States due to an increased risk of cancer detected in users of Belviq.
SixthSense
SixthSense is a gesture-based wearable computer system developed at MIT Media Lab by Steve Mann in 1994 and 1997 (headworn gestural interface), and 1998 (neckworn version), and further developed by Pranav Mistry (also at MIT Media Lab), in 2009, both of whom developed both hardware and software for both headworn and neckworn versions of it. It comprises a headworn or neck-worn pendant that contains both a data projector and camera. Headworn versions were built at MIT Media Lab in 1997 (by Steve Mann) that combined cameras and illumination systems for interactive photographic art, and also included gesture recognition (e.g. finger-tracking using colored tape on the fingers).

SixthSense is a name for extra information supplied by a wearable computer, such as the device called EyeTap (Mann), Telepointer (Mann), and "WuW" (Wear yoUr World) by Pranav Mistry.

Pranav Mistry
Pranav Mistry (born 14 May 1981) is an Indian computer scientist and inventor. He is the former President and CEO of STAR Labs (Samsung Technology & Advanced Research Labs). He is currently the founder and CEO of TWO, an Artificial Reality startup. He is best known for his work on SixthSense, Samsung Galaxy Gear and Project Beyond.
Francesco Saverio Merlino
Francesco Saverio Merlino (9 September 1856 – 30 June 1930) was an Italian lawyer, anarchist activist and theorist of libertarian socialism.

During his law studies at the University of Naples Federico II, Merlino joined the International Workingmen's Association, supporting its anarchist wing. He went on to join other anarchist organizations and support their militant movement for more than twenty years. In 1884 he was forced into exile in England interspersed with some trips to the USA. In 1894 he returned to Italy, where he served two years in prison.

At the end of the 19th century, after long disputes with his friend Errico Malatesta about the relationship between anarchism and democracy, he abandoned anarchist ideas to become a theorist of libertarian socialism.

Errico Malatesta
Errico Malatesta (4 December 1853 – 22 July 1932) was an Italian anarchist, theorist and revolutionary socialist. He edited several radical newspapers and spent much of his life exiled and imprisoned, having been jailed and expelled from Italy, Britain, France, and Switzerland. Originally a supporter of insurrectionary propaganda by deed, Malatesta later advocated for syndicalism. His exiles included five years in Europe and 12 years in Argentina. Malatesta participated in actions including an 1895 Spanish revolt and a Belgian general strike. He toured the United States, giving lectures and founding the influential anarchist journal La Questione Sociale. After World War I, he returned to Italy where his Umanità Nova had some popularity before its closure under the rise of Mussolini.
Erris
Erris is a barony in northwestern County Mayo in Ireland consisting of over 230,452 acres (932.61 km2), much of which is mountainous blanket bog.  It has extensive sea coasts along its west and north boundaries. The main towns are Belmullet and Bangor Erris. The name Erris derives from the Irish 'Iar Ros' meaning 'western promontory'. The full name is the Iorrais Domnann, after the Fir Bolg tribe, the Fir Domnann. To its north is the wild Atlantic Ocean and the bays of Broadhaven and Sruth Fada Conn and to its west is Blacksod Bay. Its main promontories are the Doohoma Peninsula, Mullet Peninsula, Erris Head, the Dún Chiortáin and Dún Chaocháin peninsulas and Benwee Head.

There are five Catholic parishes in Erris: Kilcommon, Kilmore, Kiltane, Belmullet and Ballycroy.

Kilcommon (County Mayo civil parish)
Kilcommon (Irish: Cill Chomáin) is a civil parish in the barony of Erris in north County Mayo, Ireland, consisting of two large peninsulas; Dún Chaocháin and Dún Chiortáin. It has 37 townlands, some of which are so remote that they have no inhabitants. Habitation is concentrated mainly along both sides of Sruwaddacon Bay which flows into Broadhaven Bay, in villages including Glengad, Pollathomas, Rossport, Inver and Carrowteige, and in the Glenamoy area further inland.
59th Vanier Cup
The 2024 Vanier Cup was the 59th edition of the Canadian university football championship, held on November 23, 2024, at Richardson Memorial Stadium in Kingston, Ontario. It took place between the Uteck Bowl champions, the Laurier Golden Hawks and the Mitchell Bowl champions, the Laval Rouge et Or.

Laval Rouge et Or football
The Laval Rouge et Or football team represents Laval University in Quebec City in the sport of Canadian football in U Sports. The program began its first regular season in 1996 and has quickly become one of the most successful programs in Canadian university football history. The Rouge et Or have won a record 12 Vanier Cup championships and their most recent victory occurred at the 59th Vanier Cup in 2024. They are also the only program to have played in four straight Vanier Cups and have a record of 12–2 in Vanier Cup games. The Rouge et Or have also won the Dunsmore Cup 17 times since 1999, demonstrating their historical dominance in their conference.
Pondicherry Representative Assembly
After the merger of French settlements into an Indian union, a new assembly, named the Pondicherry Representative Assembly, was created by the government of India. After the "de facto transfer day" of 1 October 1954, before 16 August 1962 also referred to as "de-jure transfer day". During this transition period, general elections to the representative assembly were held in 1955 and 1959. After the de-jure transfer day, legal integration of French settlements into the Indian Union was complete. However, this assembly, like its predecessor, was advisory (to the chief commissioner) in its role, which led to frequent contention between the popular government and the chief commissioner.

1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election
After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962, general elections were held in 1955 and 1959. So. the first general elections to the Pondicherry Representative Assembly (French: Assemblée représentative de Pondichéry) along with 16 municipal councils were held in 1955 from 18 to 23 July for 39 constituencies to constitute First Pondicherry Representative Assembly (French: Première Assemblée représentative de Pondichéry). The election were held on the basis of adult franchise under the State of Pondicherry (Representation of the People: French: Représentation du peuple) Order, 1955 which prescribed the rules and regulations for the conduct of elections, more or less on the pattern adopted in the Indian Union. The elections were conducted under supervision of the Election commissioner Mr. Sukumar Sen and heavy polling was reported during the elections.
Sun Odyssey 37
The Sun Odyssey 37 is a French sailboat that was designed by Jacques Fauroux as a cruiser and yacht charter boat and first built in 1998.

The design was also sold as the Moorings 37 for service with Moorings Yacht Charter. It was also developed into the Sun Fast 37 cruiser-racer in 2000.

The boat may be confused with Fauroux's earlier 1994 Sun Odyssey 37.1 and 1996 Sun Odyssey 37.2 designs.

Sun Odyssey 37.1
The Sun Odyssey 37.1 and Sun Odyssey 37.2 are a series of French sailboats that were designed by Jacques Fauroux as cruisers and first built in 1994. Both boats use the same hull design.

The Sun Odyssey 37.1 and 37.2 are often confused with Fauroux's similarly-named, but later 1998 Sun Odyssey 37 design.
Maldivian rufiyaa
The Maldivian rufiyaa (Dhivehi: ދިވެހި ރުފިޔާ; sign: Rf or ; code: MVR) is the currency of the Maldives. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA). The rufiyaa is subdivided into 100 laari.

The name rufiyaa is derived from the Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, lit. 'wrought silver'). The midpoint of exchange rate is Rf. 12.85 per US dollar and the rate is permitted to fluctuate within a ±20% band, i.e. between Rf. 10.28 and Rf. 15.42 as of 10 April 2017.

Maldivian laari
The laari (Dhivehi: ލާރި) is a coin denomination issued by the Maldives as the subdenomination of the Maldivian rufiyaa since 1960. One rufiyaa is equal to 100 laari. It was issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50.

The name of the currency is derived from lari. The earliest laari were bent silver wires reminiscent of the early coins from Lar.

The Maldive Islands have been using laari for centuries but they were first described by François Pyrard de Laval, who lived on the islands between 1602 and 1607.

The current coins are made out of a range of metals, including nickel, brass, cupronickel and aluminium. The coins are issued by the Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA) and struck at the Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales.
Maharajah and the Sepoys
Maharajah and the Sepoys, originally called Shatranj Diwana Shah and also known as the Mad King's Game, Maharajah chess, or Sarvatobhadra ("auspicious on all sides"), is a popular chess variant with different armies for White and Black. It was first played in the 19th century in India. It is a solved game with a forced win for Black.

Solved game
A solved game is a game whose outcome (win, lose or draw) can be correctly predicted from any position, assuming that both players play perfectly. This concept is usually applied to abstract strategy games, and especially to games with full information and no element of chance; solving such a game may use combinatorial game theory or computer assistance.
Gao Shi
Gao Shi (c. 704 – 765) was a Chinese military general, poet, and politician of the Tang dynasty, two of whose poems were collected in the popular anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems. His courtesy name was Dáfū (達夫).

Born into an impoverished family, Gao eventually became a secretary in the military, enjoying a successful career. His hometown was either in modern Hunan Province or Shandong Province.

Gao Shi was one of the competitors in the famous wine shop competition, along with Wang Zhihuan and Wang Changling.

Wang Zhihuan
Wang Zhihuan (traditional Chinese: 王之渙; simplified Chinese: 王之涣; pinyin: Wáng Zhīhuàn; c. 688–742), alternatively transliterated as Wang Tsu-huan, was a Chinese poet of the Kaiyuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. He is best known for his jueju "Climbing Stork Tower" (登鸛雀樓).
Tichá Orlice
The Tichá Orlice (German: Stille Adler) is a river in the Czech Republic, the secondary source river of the Orlice River. It flows through the Hradec Králové and Pardubice regions. It is 101.7 km (63.2 mi) long, making it the 21st longest river in the Czech Republic.

Orlice
The Orlice (German: Adler, Polish: Orlica) is a river in the Czech Republic, with a brief stretch in Poland. It is a left tributary of the Elbe River. It flows through the Hradec Králové Region. It is formed by the confluence of the Divoká Orlice and Tichá Orlice rivers. Together with the Divoká Orlice, which is its main source, the Orlice is 132.2 km (82.1 mi) long, of which 129.0 km (80.2 mi) is in the Czech Republic, making it the 14th longest river in the country. Without the Divoká Orlice, it is 32.9 km (20.4 mi) long.
Saint Patrick's Seminary and University
St. Patrick's Seminary and University (STPSU) in Menlo Park, California, is a Roman Catholic undergraduate and graduate seminary whose primary mission is the formation of priests for dioceses in California and the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

STPSU was founded in 1898 by San Francisco Archbishop Patrick William Riordan with a faculty from the Sulpician order. In over 100 years, it has formed more than 2,000 priests. STPSU is governed by the Archdiocese of San Francisco in association with its other sponsoring dioceses.

Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice
The Society of Priests of Saint-Sulpice (French: Compagnie des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice; PSS), also known as the Sulpicians, is a society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for men, named after the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, where it was founded. The members of the Society add the nominal letters PSS after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. Typically, priests become members of the Society of the Priests of St. Sulpice only after ordination and some years of pastoral work. The purpose of the society is mainly the education of priests and to some extent parish work. As their main role is the education of those preparing to become priests, Sulpicians place great emphasis on the academic and spiritual formation of their own members, who commit themselves to undergoing lifelong development in these areas. The Society is divided into three provinces, operating in various countries: the Province of France, Canada, and the United States.