hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diffuser (optics)
In optics, a diffuser (also called a light diffuser or optical diffuser) is any material that diffuses or scatters light in some manner to transmit soft light. Diffused light can be easily obtained by reflecting light from a white surface, while more compact diffusers may use translucent material, including ground glass, teflon, opal glass, and greyed glass.

Diffuse reflection
Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal luminance when viewed from all directions lying in the half-space adjacent to the surface.

A surface built from a non-absorbing powder such as plaster, or from fibers such as paper, or from a polycrystalline material such as white marble, reflects light diffusely with great efficiency. Many common materials exhibit a mixture of specular and diffuse reflection.

The visibility of objects, excluding light-emitting ones, is primarily caused by diffuse reflection of light: it is diffusely-scattered light that forms the image of the object in an observer's eye over a wide range of angles of the observer with respect to the object.
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny (Chinese: 卧虎藏龙：青冥宝剑) is a 2016 wuxia film directed by Yuen Woo-ping and written by John Fusco, based on the novel Iron Knight, Silver Vase by Wang Dulu. It is also a sequel to the 2000 film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. The film stars Donnie Yen, Michelle Yeoh, Harry Shum Jr., Natasha Liu Bordizzo, Jason Scott Lee and Eugenia Yuan. The film was released in Hong Kong on February 18, in mainland China on February 19 and worldwide on Netflix outside China on February 26, 2016.

Yuen Woo-ping
Yuen Woo-ping (Chinese: 袁和平; pinyin: Yuán Hépíng; alias: Yuen Wo-ping; born 24 August 1945) is a Hong Kong martial arts choreographer and film director who worked in Hong Kong action cinema and later Hollywood films. He is one of the inductees on the Avenue of Stars in Hong Kong. Yuen is also a son of Yuen Siu-tien, a martial arts film actor. He attended the China Drama Academy for one year as a day student of Master Yu Jim-yuen as well.
Mourning Dove (author)
Mourning Dove (born Christine Quintasket) or Humishuma was a Native American (Okanogan (Syilx), Arrow Lakes (Sinixt), and Colville) author best known for her 1927 novel Cogewea, the Half-Blood: A Depiction of the Great Montana Cattle Range and her 1933 work Coyote Stories.

Cogewea was one of the first novels to be written by a Native American woman and to feature a female protagonist. It explores the lives of Cogewea, a mixed-blood heroine whose ranching skills, riding prowess, and bravery are noted and greatly respected by the primarily mixed-race cowboys on the ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation. The eponymous main character hires a greenhorn easterner, Alfred Densmore, who has designs on Cogewea's land, which she had received as head of household in an allotment under the Dawes Act.

Coyote Stories (1933) is a collection of what Mourning Dove called Native American folklore.

Syilx
The Syilx (Salishan pronunciation: [sjilx]) people, also known as the Okanagan, Suknaqinx, or Okinagan people, are a First Nations and Native American people whose traditional territory spans the Canada–US boundary in Washington state and unceded British Columbia in the Okanagan Country region. They are part of the Interior Salish ethnological and linguistic grouping.  The Okanagan are closely related to the Spokan, Sinixt, Nez Perce, Pend Oreille, Secwepemc and Nlaka'pamux peoples of the same Northwest Plateau region.
You Kill Me (EP)
You Kill Me is an EP by Canadian punk rock band Nomeansno.  Recorded in 1985, it is the first Nomeansno record to feature the band's three-piece lineup, with guitarist Andy Kerr joining founding members Rob Wright and John Wright.  Originally issued on the Undergrowth label, it was later re-released on CD with the Sex Mad album on the Sex Mad/You Kill Me compilation CD and cassette released by Alternative Tentacles.

Sex Mad
Sex Mad is the second full-length album by Canadian punk rock band NoMeansNo.  Released in 1986, it is the first Nomeansno LP to feature long-time guitarist Andy Kerr in addition to founding members Rob Wright and John Wright and the first Nomeansno album issued through Alternative Tentacles.

The album has been likened to "a psychiatrist's notebook detailing the growing hostility lying just below the shiny surface of mid-'80s North American society."
Lü Guang
Lü Guang (Chinese: 呂光; 337 – c.January 400), courtesy name Shiming (世明), also known by his posthumous name as Emperor Yiwu of Later Liang (後涼懿武帝), was the founding emperor of the Di-led Chinese Later Liang dynasty (although during most of his reign, he used the title "Heavenly King"). He was initially a Former Qin general, but in light of Former Qin's collapse starting in 384, he decided to found his own state, initially including nearly all of modern Gansu. As his reign continued, however, his domain dwindled after Southern Liang and Northern Liang declared independence. His death in early 400 left Later Liang in an unstable state, and it would be no more by 403.

Heavenly King
Heavenly King or Tian Wang (Chinese: 天王; pinyin: Tiān Wáng; Wade–Giles: Tien1-wang2), also translated as Heavenly Prince, is a Chinese title for various religious deities and divine leaders throughout history, as well as an alternate form of the term Son of Heaven, referring to the emperor. The Chinese term for Heavenly King consists of two Chinese characters: 天 (tiān), meaning "heaven" or "sky", and 王 (wáng), which could mean either "king" or "prince" depending on the context. The term was most notably used in its most recent sense as the title of the kings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, but is also used in religious (particularly Buddhist) contexts as well.
Sergey Shlyapnikov
Sergey Konstantinovich Shlyapnikov (Russian: Сергей Константинович Шляпников; born 7 May 1961) is a Russian volleyball coach who coached the Russia men's national volleyball team at the 2015 European Games in Baku where the team won a bronze medal.

Since 2017 he has been coaching the national men's team. Shlyapnikov is a Merited Master of Sports in Volleyball and Merited Coach of Russia.

Russia men's national volleyball team
The Russia men's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and took part in international volleyball competitions.

FIVB considers Russia as the inheritor of the records of Soviet Union (1948–1991) and CIS (1992).
The USSR Volleyball Federation joined the FIVB in 1948, a year after the foundation of the international governing body. The following year they sent a team to compete in the first FIVB Men’s World Championship and have been dominating the international scene ever since, having won six World Championships, four Olympic Games, six World Cups and 14 European Championships (medals of Russian and the Soviet union combined).

On 28 February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a "recommendation" by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIVB and CEV suspended the participation of Russia in their competitions.
St Albans Dinamo SC
St Albans Dinamo Soccer Club, formerly known as St Albans Saints Soccer Club between 1993 and 2023, is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in St Albans, Victoria. Established by local Croatian Australians as Dinamo, the club is a regular participant in the Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament.

The club is closely associated with its sister club the Melbourne Knights to which many of its academy players transfer to. Dinamo won promotion to the National Premier League (NPL) Victoria for the 2017 season but, after finishing second last, was relegated to the NPL 2. The club once again won promotion in back to the National Premier League (NPL) Victoria after winning the NPL Victoria 2 West in 2019.

Greater Dandenong FC
Greater Dandenong Football Club is an Australian soccer club from Dandenong, Victoria, an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Australia. Greater Dandenong most recently competed in the Victorian State League Division 1 South-East competition, the third tier of football in Victoria, after successive relegations in 2016 and 2017. They changed club name in 2024 relocating to Greater Dandenong.
Copycat (Apink Chobom song)
"Copycat" is a song recorded by South Korean duo Apink Chobom. It was released on July 12, 2022, by IST Entertainment and Kakao Entertainment as their debut single on a single album of the same name. Written by Jo Yoon-kyung and composed by Kella Armitage, GG Ramirez, and Jurek, "Copycat" has been described as a nu-disco style K-pop song.

Apink
Apink (Korean: 에이핑크; RR: Eipingkeu; Japanese: エーピンク) is a South Korean girl group formed in 2011, currently consists of five members: Chorong, Bomi, Eunji, Namjoo, and Hayoung. Originally a septet, Yookyung left in 2013 to pursue her education and Naeun left to pursue her acting career in 2022.

The group debuted on April 19, 2011, with the extended play (EP) Seven Springs of Apink.
Since their debut, Apink has won awards at shows such as the Golden Disc Awards, the Seoul Music Awards and the Mnet Asian Music Awards. Their first music program win was on M Countdown on January 5, 2012, for "My My" from their second EP Snow Pink. To date, Apink has released nine Korean EPs, five Korean studio albums, and three Japanese studio albums.
Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan
The Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan, formerly known as the Episcopal Church of Sudan, is a province of the Anglican Communion located in South Sudan. The province consists of eight Internal Provinces (each led by an archbishop) and 61 dioceses (each headed by a bishop). The current archbishop and primate is Justin Badi Arama. It received the current naming after the inception of the Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan, on 30 July 2017.

Justin Badi Arama
Justin Badi Arama (born 1964) is a South Sudanese Episcopal bishop. He became Bishop of the Diocese of Maridi in 2001, and was elected Archbishop and Primate of the Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan and Bishop of Juba on 20 January 2018. His enthronement took place on 22 April 2018. He has been married to Modi Joyce since 1984, and they have four children, two boys and two girls.
Barmouth
Barmouth (formal Welsh: Abermaw, or Abermawddach; colloquially Y Bermo) is a seaside town and community in the county of Gwynedd, north-west Wales; it lies on the estuary of the Afon Mawddach and Cardigan Bay. Located in the historic county of Merionethshire, the Welsh form of the name is derived from aber (estuary) and the river's name, Mawddach. The English form of the name is a corruption of the earlier Welsh form Abermawdd. The community includes the villages of Llanaber, Cutiau and Caerdeon.

Llanaber
Llanaber is a linear coastal village in north west Wales, about 0.7 miles (1.1 km) north of Barmouth on the A496 road. The Irish Sea lies directly to the west and the Rhiniog mountains directly to the east.
Okafor's Law
Okafor's Law is a 2016 Nigerian romantic comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Omoni Oboli. The film stars Blossom Chukwujekwu, Omoni Oboli, Toyin Aimakhu, Gabriel Afolayan, Ufuoma McDermott, Richard Mofe Damijo, Tina Mba, Kemi Lala Akindoju and Ken Erics.

Omoni Oboli
Omoni Oboli listenⓘ (born 22 April 1978) is a Nigerian actress, scriptwriter, film director and producer. She studied at the New York Film Academy and has written several screenplays, including The Figurine (2009), Anchor Baby (2010), Fatal Imagination, Being Mrs Elliott, The First Lady and Wives on Strike (2016). In 2018, she starred and directed the comedy film, Moms at War.
Micropholcommatinae
The Micropholcommatinae are a subfamily of araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae. They were previously treated as the family Micropholcommatidae. Micropholcommatins are extremely small, with body lengths typically between 0.5 and 2 mm. They are usually found among leaf litter or moss.

Anapidae
Anapidae is a family of rather small spiders with 233 described extant species in 59 genera. It includes the former family Micropholcommatidae as the subfamily Micropholcommatinae, and the former family Holarchaeidae. Most species are less than 2 millimetres (0.079 in) long.

They generally live in leaf litter and moss on the floor of rain forest. Many build orb webs with a diameter less than 3 centimetres (1.2 in). In some species, such as Pseudanapis parocula, the pedipalps of the female are reduced to coxal stumps.
Sir Charles Hudson, 1st Baronet
Sir Charles Grave Hudson, 1st Baronet FRS (3 April 1730 – 24 October 1813) was a director of the South Sea Company and became a High Sheriff of Leicestershire in 1783. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and he became a baronet on 21 June 1791. He married well and became the owner of Wanlip Hall in Leicestershire.

High Sheriff of Leicestershire
This is a list of Sheriffs and High Sheriffs of Leicestershire, United Kingdom. The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as Sheriff was retitled High Sheriff. The High Sheriff changes every March.

Forum 1158 to 1566 the Sheriffdom of Leicestershire was united with that of Warwickshire. After some years as part of Leicestershire, Rutland was split away in 1996 as a Unitary Authority with its own shrievalty. Thus there is a separate High Sheriff of Rutland (an office that existed prior to 1974 as the Sheriff of Rutland).
Rochester and Strood
Rochester and Strood is a constituency in Kent represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Lauren Edwards from the Labour Party. It was previously represented from 2015 by Kelly Tolhurst, a Conservative, who served as Government Deputy Chief Whip and Treasurer of the Household.

Kelly Tolhurst
Kelly Jane Tolhurst (born 23 August 1978) is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochester and Strood from 2015 to 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, she served as Minister of State for Schools and Childhood from September to October 2022.

Tolhurst previously served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Rough Sleeping and Housing from 2020 to 2021, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Aviation and Maritime in 2020 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Small Business, Consumers and Corporate Responsibility from 2018 to 2020 and was briefly Deputy Chief Whip in 2022. She is a former councillor for the Rochester West ward on Medway Council.
B. R. Panthulu
Budaguru Ramakrishnaiah Panthulu (26 July 1910 – 8 October 1974) was an Indian film director, producer and actor. He is best known for directing films in Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Hindi. His most popular films are Karnan, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Sri Krishnadevaraya, School Master and Kittur Channamma, B. R. Panthulu, is a successful actor and converted Ma. Po. Si.'s biographic works Veerapandiya Kattabomman (a movie about a local chieftain who fought with the British in the 18th century in Tamil Nadu) and Kappalottiya Thamizhan (a movie about a lawyer who rebelled against the British rule that forbade Tamils operating shipping companies) to celluloid.

Kittur Chennamma (film)
Kitturu Chennamma (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1961 Indian Kannada-language historical drama film directed and produced by B. R. Panthulu. It stars B. Saroja Devi as Kittur Chennamma, an Indian freedom fighter who led an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824, and died in captivity in 1829. Dr. Rajkumar played the role of Raja Mallasarja whereas Raja Shankar played the role of his son.

Panthulu adapted the play Kittooru Chennamma by Anakru for the plotline of the movie based on the recommendation of his assistant Puttanna Kanagal. At the 9th National Film Awards, the film was awarded the Best Feature Film in Kannada. This film screened at IFFI 1992 B R Panthalu Homage section.
Kazakh space program
The space program of Kazakhstan is originated from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, when Kazakhstan declared their independence. The Kazakh space program consist of cosmonaut and satellite missions. The only launch site situated at Kazakhstan is Baikonur Cosmodrome, which is leased to Russia. The program is led by KazCosmos since 2007.

KazCosmos
The National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Ұлттық ғарыш агенттiгi, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ūlttyq ğaryş agenttıgı), also known as KazCosmos, or KazKosmos, is Kazakhstan's national space agency, and was officially established on 27 March 2007.
Treaty of Peace, Amity and Commerce between Portugal and Japan (1860)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and Portugal (日葡修好通商条約, Nichiro Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku - Tratado de Paz, Amizade e Commercio, entre Sua Magestade El Rei de Portugal e Sua Magestade o Imperador do Japão) was signed between Portugal and the Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo (now Tokyo) on August 3, 1860. It opened diplomatic relations and trade between the two countries.

1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the Netherlands (日蘭修好通商条約, Nichiran Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku) was signed between the Netherlands and Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo (now Tokyo) on August 18, 1858. It opened several Japanese ports and cities for Dutch trade and confirmed extraterritoriality to Dutch nationals in Japan. It was one of the so-called Ansei Treaties.
Teiidae
Teiidae is a family of lacertoidean lizards native to the Americas. Members of this family are generally known as whiptails or racerunners; however, tegus also belong to this family. Teiidae is sister to the Gymnopthalmidae, and both families comprise the Teiioidea. The Teiidae includes several parthenogenic species – a mode of clonal reproduction. Presently, the Teiidae consists of approximately 150 species in eighteen genera.

Gymnophthalmidae
Gymnophthalmidae is a family of lizards with at least 250 species, sometimes known commonly as spectacled lizards or microteiids. They are called "spectacled" because of their transparent lower eyelids, which allow them to still see with closed eyes. As in most lizards, except geckos, these eyelids are movable. The Alopoglossidae have been recently moved from this family.
Veerappen Veerathan
Veerappen Veerathan (Tamil: வீரப்பன் வீராத்தான்; known as V. Veerappen) was a Malaysian lawyer and left-wing politician. A two-term MP first elected under the Labour Party of Malaya, he was known for founding the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan) together with Dr. Lim Chong Eu, Dr. Tan Chee Khoon and Dr. Syed Hussein Alatas. In 1972, he left Gerakan and founded the new party Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia (PEKEMAS).

Malaysian Social Justice Party
Malaysian Social Justice Party or (Malay: Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia) (PEKEMAS) was a political party formed by Veerappen Veerathan, Tan Chee Khoon and Syed Hussein Alatas in 1972. On 19 July 1974, Parti Marhaen Malaysia merged with the party. The party was dissolved in 1982.
Mick Turner
Mick Turner (born 1960) is an Australian musician and artist. He is the founding mainstay guitarist for Dirty Three and has had art exhibitions around Australia and internationally. Previously he was a member of the Sick Things, the Moodists (1983–84) and Venom P. Stinger. He has released four solo studio albums, Tren Phantasma (1997), Marlan Rosa (1999), Moth (2003) and Don't tell the Driver (2013).

Dirty Three
Dirty Three are an Australian instrumental rock band, consisting of Warren Ellis (violin, keyboards), Mick Turner (electric guitar, organ and bass) and Jim White (drums), which formed in 1992. Their 1996 album Horse Stories was voted by Rolling Stone as one of the top three albums of the year. Two of their albums have peaked into the top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart, Ocean Songs (1998) and Toward the Low Sun (2012). During their career they have spent much of their time overseas when not performing together. Turner is based in Melbourne, White lives in New York, and Ellis in Paris. Australian rock music historian Ian McFarlane described them as providing a "rumbling, dynamic sound incorporated open-ended, improvisational, electric rock ... minus the jazz-rock histrionics". In October 2010, Ocean Songs was listed in the book 100 Best Australian Albums.
Carbonaceous chondrite
Carbonaceous chondrites or C chondrites are a class of chondritic meteorites comprising at least 8 known groups and many ungrouped meteorites. They include some of the most primitive known meteorites. The C chondrites represent only a small proportion (4.6%) of meteorite falls.

Some famous carbonaceous chondrites are: Allende, Murchison, Orgueil, Ivuna, Murray, Tagish Lake, Sutter's Mill, and Winchcombe.

Allende meteorite
The Allende meteorite is the largest carbonaceous chondrite ever found on Earth. The fireball was witnessed at 01:05 on February 8, 1969, falling over the Mexican state of Chihuahua. After it broke up in the atmosphere, an extensive search for pieces was conducted and over 2 tonnes (2.2 tons) were recovered. The availability of large quantities of samples of the scientifically important chondrite class has enabled numerous investigations by many scientists; it is often described as "the best-studied meteorite in history." The Allende meteorite has abundant, large calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions (CAI), which  are among the oldest objects formed in the Solar System.

Carbonaceous chondrites compose about 4% of all meteorites observed to fall from space. Prior to 1969, the carbonaceous chondrite class was known from a small number of uncommon meteorites such as Orgueil, which fell in France in 1864. Meteorites similar to Allende were known, but many were small and poorly studied.
A Knight of the Word
A Knight of the Word is a fantasy novel by American writer Terry Brooks, the second book in the Word & Void series, a prequel to his Shannara series. It was first published in 1998 by Ballantine's Del Rey division (ISBN 978-0-345-37963-4). The setting is primarily Seattle, Washington around Halloween in 2002, five years after the events of Running with the Demon. The story follows John Ross as he attempts to leave his service to the Word, while Nest Freemark tries to restore his faith. It is followed by the novel Angel Fire East.

Shannara
Shannara /ˈʃænərə/ is a series of high fantasy novels written by Terry Brooks, beginning with The Sword of Shannara in 1977 and concluding with The Last Druid which was released in October 2020; there is also a prequel, First King of Shannara. The series blends magic and primitive technology and is set in the Four Lands, which are identified as Earth long after civilization was destroyed in a chemical and nuclear holocaust called the Great Wars. By the time of the prequel First King of Shannara, the world had reverted to a pre-industrial state and magic had re-emerged to supplement science.

In March 2025, Brooks announced his semi-retirement and that Delilah S. Dawson would be taking on the authorship of his Shannara legendarium going forward.