hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George F. Morrison
George Francis Morrison (1867–1943), was an American business executive, industrialist, Edison Pioneer, and a Director and Vice President of General Electric Company. He was one of Thomas Edison's closest associates and a pioneer in the production of the incandescent lamp. Towards the latter part of his decades-long career, Morrison traveled the world introducing the lamp and promoting its use.

Edison Pioneers
The Edison Pioneers was an organization composed of former employees of Thomas Edison who had worked with the inventor in his early years. Membership was limited to people who had worked closely with Edison before 1885. 
On February 11, 1918, the Edison Pioneers met for the first time, on the 71st birthday of Edison. There were 37 people at the first meeting.
Edison himself was not present; it was announced he was "engaged in important government service".
It was suspected he was working on a military project since World War I was still in progress. The organization had 100 members although in later years descendants of Edison Pioneers were also allowed membership.
Eciton
Eciton is a New World army ant genus that contains the most familiar species of army ants. The most predominant and well-known species is Eciton burchellii, which is also more commonly known as "Balichana" in the Colombian Caribbean Coast, but also as the army ant and is considered the type species.

Eciton burchellii and Eciton hamatum are the most visible and best studied of the New World army ants because they forage above ground and during the day, in enormous raiding swarms. Their range stretches from southern Mexico to the northern part of Argentina.

Eciton burchellii
Eciton burchellii is a species of New World army ant in the genus Eciton. This species performs expansive, organized swarm raids that give it the informal name, Eciton army ant. This species displays a high degree of worker polymorphism.
Farnham railway station
Farnham railway station serves the town of Farnham in Surrey, England. It is a stop on the Alton line, with services between Alton, Aldershot, Woking, Clapham Junction and London Waterloo; two branch lines also provide services to Ascot and Guildford. South Western Railway manages the station and operates all services. Immediately to the north of the station, the railway crosses Station Hill, the B3001, via a level crossing, one of the most misused crossings in the Network Rail Wessex Region.

Guildford railway station
Guildford railway station is at one of three main railway junctions on the Portsmouth Direct Line and serves the town of Guildford, in Surrey, England. It is 30 miles 27 chains (30.34 mi; 48.8 km) down the line from London Waterloo via Woking.

It provides an interchange station for two other railway lines: the North Downs Line northwards towards Reading, which has a connection to Aldershot, and eastwards to Redhill; and the New Guildford Line, the alternative route to London Waterloo, via Cobham or Epsom.

Guildford station is the larger, more frequently and more diversely served of the two stations in Guildford town centre, the other being London Road (Guildford) on the New Guildford Line.
Rimini (film)
Rimini is a 2022 drama film directed by Ulrich Seidl. It depicts Richie Bravo, a once-famous Austrian pop singer who has settled in Italy, as well as his estranged daughter and his retired father. Hans-Michael Rehberg plays the father, in his last film role. The film is the first in a diptych; the other film, Sparta, is about Richie's brother, Ewald. Rimini premiered at the 2022 Berlin International Film Festival.

Sparta (film)
Sparta is a 2022 drama film directed by Ulrich Seidl. It depicts an Austrian man named Ewald who is a non-offending pedophile and teaches judo to boys in Romania. The film is the second in a diptych; the other film, Rimini, centres on Ewald's brother.

On 2 September 2022, Der Spiegel published allegations by crew members, child actors, and their guardians that children were exploited on set and that their guardians were not sufficiently informed about the film's subject. The 2022 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was scheduled to have its world premiere, cancelled the screenings in light of the allegations. It premiered in competition at the 70th San Sebastián International Film Festival on 18 September 2022.
Lye
Lye is the common name of various alkaline solutions, including soda lye (a solution of sodium hydroxide) and potash lye (a solution of potassium hydroxide). Lyes are used as cleaning products, as ingredients in soapmaking, and in various other contexts.

Soap
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts.

Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC.
Battle of Covadonga
The Battle of Covadonga took place in 722 between the army of Pelagius of Asturias and the army of commanders Alqama and Munuza, as part of the Umayyad Caliphate. Fought near Covadonga, in the Picos de Europa, it resulted in a victory for the Christian forces of Pelagius. It is traditionally regarded as the foundational event of the Kingdom of Asturias and thus the initial point of the Christian Reconquista ("reconquest") of Iberia after the Umayyad conquest of 711.

Pelagius of Asturias
Pelagius (Spanish: Pelayo; c. 685 – 737) was a Visigothic nobleman who founded the Kingdom of Asturias in 718. Pelagius is credited with initiating the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, and establishing the Asturian monarchy.
Maremmano
The Maremmano is a breed of horse originating in the Maremma area of Tuscany and northern Lazio in Italy.  Traditionally a hardy working horse used by the Butteri for livestock management, it is today principally a saddle horse. Extensive crossing with Thoroughbred and other breeds has led to a more athletic type, the Maremmano migliorato, or "Improved Maremmano".

Buttero
A buttero (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbuttero], plural butteri) or cavalcante is a mounted herder, usually of horses, of cattle, or of buffaloes, in Italy, predominantly in the Maremma region, in the Roman Marshes or in the Pontine Marshes.
Glutathione reductase
Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene. Glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form glutathione (GSH), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell.  Glutathione reductase functions as dimeric disulfide oxidoreductase and uses flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to reduce one molar equivalent of GSSG to two molar equivalents of GSH:

The glutathione reductase is conserved between all kingdoms. In bacteria, yeasts, and animals, one glutathione reductase gene is found; however, in plant genomes, two GR genes are encoded. Drosophila and trypanosomes do not have any GR at all. In these organisms, glutathione reduction is performed by either the thioredoxin or the trypanothione system, respectively.

Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH, /ˌɡluːtəˈθaɪoʊn/) is a small protein made of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals.

It is synthesized by attaching cysteine to the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain with a gamma peptide linkage, and to glycine with a normal peptide linkage.
Panpepato
Panpepato or pampepato (lit. 'peppered bread') is a round, sweet cake typical of the province of Ferrara, Siena, the south Umbria and north of Lazio. It is a type of panforte. Dating to the medieval era, it is often consumed on special occasions.

Panforte
Panforte is a chewy Italian dessert containing fruit and nuts. It is similar to a Florentine but is much thicker. Known throughout Italy, it is an Italian Christmas tradition associated especially with the province of Siena.
Golf Tour of New Zealand
The Golf Tour of New Zealand was a New Zealand-based golf tour which ran from 2004 to 2007. It was founded by Greg Turner. It was superseded by the Charles Tour. Tournaments were over 72 holes.

The first event on the tour was the Taranaki Open in late 2004. The Taranaki Open was the only event in 2004 and 2005 but was joined by the Tauranga Open and the Wairakei Open in 2006. These three events, together with the AMP Open at Titirangi were played in 2007. In 2007 there was a dispute between the tour and the New Zealand PGA, which meant the Golf Tour of New Zealand withdrew their support for the Wairakei Open and, possibly, Taranaki Open, and the AMP Open was run without the sanction of the NZPGA. The tour was replaced by the Charles Tour which started in 2008.

Charles Tour
The Charles Tour, currently titled as the Jennian Homes Charles Tour for sponsorship reasons, is a New Zealand-based golf tour run by Golf New Zealand and the New Zealand PGA. It is named after Bob Charles. The tour was founded in 2008, replacing the Golf Tour of New Zealand which had run from 2004 to 2007.

In September 2015, the tour undertook a title sponsorship by New Zealand-based home building company Jennian Homes.

With the exception of the Super 6s event, tournaments are over 72 holes, played over 4 days. They feature a mixture of professionals and amateurs, men and women. There have been between four and six tournaments each year. Michael Hendry has the most wins on the tour, with nine between 2009 and 2023.
Jan van Bijlert
Jan Hermansz van Bijlert (1597 or 1598 – November 1671) was a Dutch Golden Age painter from Utrecht, one of the Utrecht Caravaggisti whose style was influenced by Caravaggio.  He spent some four years in Italy and was one of the founders of the  Bentvueghels circle of northern painters in Rome.

Utrecht Caravaggism
Utrecht Caravaggism (Dutch: Utrechtse caravaggisten) refers to the work of a group of artists who were from, or had studied in, the Dutch city of Utrecht, and during their stay in Rome during the early seventeenth century had become distinctly influenced by the art of Caravaggio.  Upon their return to the Dutch Republic, they worked in a so-called Caravaggist style, which in turn influenced an earlier generation of local artists as well as artists in Flanders.  The key figures in the movement were Hendrick ter Brugghen, Gerrit van Honthorst and Dirck van Baburen, who introduced Caravaggism into Utrecht painting around 1620. After 1630 the artists moved in other directions and the movement petered out.  The Utrecht Caravaggisti painted predominantly history scenes and genre scenes executed in a realist style.
Bawangaja
Bawangaja (meaning 52 yards) is a famous Jain pilgrim center in the Barwani district of southwestern Madhya Pradesh in India. Located about 6 kilometers south of River Narmada, its main attraction is the world's second largest monolithic statue (carved out of the mountain) of Lord Rishabhadeva (largest being the Statue of Ahimsa), the first Jain Tirthankara. The statue is 84 feet (26 m) high.
The center is located in the Satpura Range and is about 8 km from a Barwani town.

Statue of Ahimsa
The Statue of Ahimsa is located at Mangi-Tungi, in Nashik, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the tallest Jain statue in the world. The statue depicts the first Jain Tirthankara, Rishabhanatha. The statue is 108 feet (33 m) tall – 121 feet (37 m) including pedestal. The statue has been carved out of the Mangi-Tungi hills, which are considered to be sacred by the Jains.

The statue was built by the inspiration of the Jain nun (Aryika) Gyanmati, and under the guidance of Aryika Chandanamati. The project was chaired and directed by Raveendra Kirti. The construction of the statue started in 2002 under the guidance of Chief Secretary Pannalalji Papdiwal and Chief engineer C. R. Patil working president Anil Jain-Delhi. It was completed on 24 January 2016 (Tithi-Magh Krishna Ekam). The statue was sculpted by Moolchand Ramchand Nahata Firm.
Fuzhu (food)
Fuzhu (腐竹), also known as tofu sticks, bean curd sticks, or yuba sticks, is a Chinese food product made from soybeans. It is a form of dried tofu skin, which consists of the films that form on the surface of boiling soy milk. To create fuzhu, the freshly formed soy milk skins are lifted and hung to dry, which causes them to contract and wrinkle into their characteristic stick-like shape.

It is a popular ingredient in Chinese, and other East Asian cuisines, and is known for its chewy texture and ability to absorb flavors.

Tofu skin
Tofu skin, yuba, fupi, beancurd skin, beancurd sheet, or beancurd robes is a food item made from soybeans. During the boiling of soy milk, typically heated to 80–90 °C (176–194 °F), in an open shallow pan, a film or skin composed primarily of a soy protein-lipid complex forms on the liquid surface. The films are collected and dried into yellowish sheets known as tofu skin. Since tofu skin is not produced using a coagulant, it is not technically a proper tofu; however, it does have a similar texture and flavor to some tofu products.

Tofu skin's use was first documented in written records in China in the sixteenth century. It is widely used, fresh, fermented, or dried, in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese cuisine.
Trần Quang Khải
Prince Chiêu Minh Trần Quang Khải (1241–1294) was the third son of Trần Thái Tông, first emperor of the Trần dynasty of Vietnam. Being the younger brother of the Emperor Trần Thánh Tông and holding the position of grand chancellor of the Trần dynasty for many years, Trần Quang Khải was one of the most important figures of the Trần family and the royal court during the reigns of emperors Thánh Tông and Nhân Tông. In the second war of resistance against the Mongol invasion, Trần Quang Khải and Trần Hưng Đạo were two key commanders of the Đại Việt army who helped the Emperor defeat the troops of Kublai Khan's son prince Toghan. Besides his military and administrative activities, Prince Chiêu Minh was also a famous poet and was credited as the creator of the dance of flowers. Today, Trần Quang Khải is still considered one of the most famous historical figures of the Trần dynasty and is worshiped in several temples in Vietnam.

Trần Thánh Tông
Trần Thánh Tông (October 12, 1240 – July 3, 1290), personal name Trần Hoảng (陳晃), was the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1258 to 1278. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Nhân Tông, Thánh Tông held the title of retired emperor (Thái thượng hoàng) from 1279 until his death in 1290. During the second and the third Mongol invasions of Đại Việt, Retired Emperor Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông were credited as the supreme commanders who led the nation to the final victories and, as a result, established a long period of peace and prosperity over the country. With his successful rulings in both military and civil matters, Trần Thánh Tông was considered one of the greatest emperors of not only the Trần dynasty but also the whole dynastic era in the history of Vietnam.
Doge of Genoa
The doge of Genoa (/doʊdʒ/ DOHJ) was the head of state of the Republic of Genoa, a city-state and soon afterwards a maritime republic, from 1339 until the state's extinction in 1797. Originally elected for life, after 1528 the doges were elected for terms of two years. The Republic (or Dogate) was ruled by a small group of merchant families, from whom the doges were selected.

Doge (title)
A doge (/doʊdʒ/ DOHJ, Italian: [ˈdɔːdʒe]; plural dogi or doges; see below) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Such states were referred to as crowned republics. Doges wore a special hat, the Corno ducale and usually ruled life-long.

The office of the doge in English is termed a dogeship.
Provisions of Oxford
The Provisions of Oxford (Latin: Provisiones Oxonie or Oxoniae) were constitutional reforms to the government of late medieval England adopted during the Oxford Parliament of 1258 to resolve a dispute between Henry III of England and his barons. The reforms were designed to ensure the king adhered to the rule of law and governed according to the advice of his barons. A council of fifteen barons was chosen to advise and control the king and supervise his ministers. Parliament was to meet regularly three times a year.

Like the earlier Magna Carta, the Provisions of Oxford demonstrated the ability of the barons to press their concerns in opposition to the English monarchy. Henry's failure to abide by the reforms sparked the Second Barons' War, which ended with Henry's victory and the restoration of royal authority. The Provisions of Oxford were annulled in 1266 by the Dictum of Kenilworth.

Second Barons' War
The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by some of de Montfort's supporters (and his sons Henry and Simon) in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts.
New York State Route 55A
New York State Route 55A (NY 55A) is a state highway located in Sullivan and Ulster counties. It is a loop route connected to NY 55 at both ends, near Grahamsville in the west and Napanoch in the east. Inside the loop is New York City's Rondout Reservoir.

New York State Route 55
New York State Route 55 (NY 55) is a 122.45-mile-long (197.06 km) east-west state highway in southern New York, running from the Pennsylvania state line at the Delaware River in Barryville to the Connecticut state line at Wingdale. It is the only other state highway beside NY 7 to completely cross the state, from border to border, in an east–west direction, although NY 17 does so and is partially east–west. It also forms a concurrency when it joins US 44 for 33 miles (53 km).

Together with NY 52, which it closely parallels and briefly joins in downtown Liberty, it forms the latitudinal backbone of the Hudson Valley region for non-interstate traffic. It offers the traveler a wide variety of landscapes, from farmlands, mountains and forests to the urban center of Poughkeepsie. Sights along the way include two of New York City's major reservoirs in the Catskills, a dramatic crossing of the Shawangunk Ridge, and the Mid-Hudson Bridge.
Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital
Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital (SiPH) (Thai: โรงพยาบาลศิริราช ปิยมหาราชการุณย์) is a private hospital operated by the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital of Mahidol University. It is located in Bangkok on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, adjacent to Siriraj Hospital and opposite Thammasat University (Tha Phra Chan Campus). The hospital is catered to high-income patients, similarly to Thailand's private hospitals, with one of its aims being to generate revenue for the operation of Siriraj Hospital.

Siriraj Hospital
Siriraj Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลศิริราช; RTGS: Rong Phayaban Siriraj) is the oldest and largest public hospital in Bangkok, Thailand on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, opposite Thammasat University's Tha Phrachan campus. It is the primary teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University at Bangkok.
WBLL
WBLL (1390 AM) is an American radio station in Bellefontaine, Ohio. It currently broadcasts with country music programming, along with certain sporting events (Cleveland Guardians baseball, local high school sports). The station is owned by V-Teck Communications, and is the sister station of WPKO 98.3 FM.

WPKO-FM
WPKO-FM (98.3 FM) is an American radio station in Bellefontaine, Ohio. It is programmed in a hot adult contemporary radio format, and is almost entirely locally produced. The station is owned by V-Teck Communications, and is the sister station to WBLL 1390 AM.
Teen Beach Movie
Teen Beach Movie is a 2013 American musical teen romantic comedy film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie. Directed by Jeffrey Hornaday and written by Vince Marcello, Mark Landry, Robert Horn, it was filmed in Puerto Rico. The movie premiered on July 19, 2013, on Disney Channel and stars Ross Lynch and Maia Mitchell. Teen Beach Movie was the only Disney Channel Original Movie to premiere in 2013. A sequel, Teen Beach 2, premiered on June 26, 2015.

Teen Beach 2
Teen Beach 2 is a 2015 American musical teen comedy drama film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie. The sequel to the 2013 film Teen Beach Movie, it was again directed by Jeffrey Hornaday, from a screenplay by the writing team of Matt and Bill Eddy, and a story conceived by Robert Horn and Dan Berendsen. Ross Lynch, Maia Mitchell, Grace Phipps, Garrett Clayton, John DeLuca, Chrissie Fit, Jordan Fisher, Kent Boyd, Mollee Gray, William Loftis, and Jessica Lee Keller reprise their roles from the first film, joined by newcomers Piper Curda, Ross Butler, Raymond Cham Jr., and Beth Lacke.

Teen Beach 2 premiered on Disney Channel on June 26, 2015. The film was the first sequel of a Disney Channel Original Movie in five years, the previous one being Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010).
Capital South
Capital South is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global as part of the Capital network. It broadcasts to Hampshire and Sussex.

The station launched on 6 April 2019, following the merger of Capital Brighton and Capital South Coast.

Capital Brighton
Capital Brighton was a local radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Capital radio network. It served the Brighton and Hove area broadcasting on 107.2 FM and across Sussex on DAB.

In April 2019, the station was merged with a sister Capital station in Hampshire to form Capital South.
Ian Redpath
Ian Ritchie Redpath MBE (11 May 1941 – 1 December 2024) was an Australian international cricketer who played in 66 Test matches and five One Day Internationals between 1964 and 1976. Greg Chappell said he was one of only two players he knew who would kill to get into the Australian Test team, the other being Rod Marsh.

Greg Chappell
Gregory Stephen Chappell AO MBE (born 7 August 1948) is a former cricketer who represented Australia at international level in both Tests and One-Day Internationals (ODI). The second of three brothers to play Test cricket, Chappell was the pre-eminent Australian batsman of his time who allied elegant stroke making to fierce concentration. An exceptional all round player who bowled medium pace and, at his retirement, held the world record for the most catches in Test cricket, Chappell's career straddled two eras as the game moved toward a greater level of professionalism after the WSC schism. He was the vice captain of the Australian squad which finished as runners-up at the 1975 Cricket World Cup.

Since his retirement as a player in 1984, Chappell has pursued various business and media interests as well as maintaining connections to professional cricket; he has been a selector for national and Queensland teams, a member of the Australian Cricket Board, and a coach.