hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Surrender of Breda
La rendición de Breda (English: The Surrender of Breda, also known as Las lanzas – The Lances) is a painting by the Spanish Golden Age painter Diego Velázquez. He painted it during the years 1634 and 1635, inspired by his visit to Italy with Ambrogio Spinola, the Genoese-born Spanish general who conquered Breda on June 5, 1625. The painting depicts the exchange of the key of Breda from the Dutch to the Spanish.

It is considered one of Velázquez's best works. Velázquez composed The Surrender of Breda into two halves, which included the Dutch leader Justinus van Nassau and the Spanish Genoese general Spinola. Jan Morris has called it "one of the most Spanish of all pictures".

Justinus van Nassau
Justinus van Nassau (1559–1631) was the only extramarital child of William the Silent. He was a Dutch army commander known for his role in the defeat of the Spanish Armada, his leadership of the forces in Breda during the siege of 1624, and the depiction of his surrender in the painting by Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda.

His mother was Eva Elincx, William's mistress between his first and second marriages. William of Orange recognized Justinus and raised him with his other children.

Justinus studied in Leiden and became Lieutenant-Colonel on 17 May 1583. On 28 February 1585 he became lieutenant-admiral of Zeeland, and fought in 1588 against the Spanish Armada, capturing two galleons.

From 1601 until 1625 he was governor of Breda. In 1625 he had to surrender Breda to the Spanish general Ambrogio Spinola after a siege of 11 months. Justinus was allowed to leave for Leiden.
River Whitewater
The River Whitewater rises at springs near Bidden Grange Farm between Upton Grey and Greywell in Hampshire, England. It flows northeast and is a tributary of the River Blackwater near Swallowfield. It was noted on Jansson's map of Hampshire of 1646.

The settlements of Greywell, North Warnborough, Hook, Hartley Wintney, Rotherwick, West Green, Mattingley, Bramshill and Heckfield lie on the River Whitewater.

The river contains a variety of species of fish. Fishing on part of the river is controlled by Farnborough and District Angling Society which has separate coarse and fly fishing sections. Like many rivers in the south of England, non-indigenous mink and signal crayfish are present.

North Warnborough
North Warnborough is a village in the Hart district of Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Odiham.   It is located less than 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the town of Hook, on the opposite side of the M3 motorway, and just north-west of the village of Odiham. The Basingstoke Canal passes through the village, and the River Whitewater flows to the north.
Rho Scorpii
Rho Scorpii (ρ Scorpii, abbreviated Rho Sco, ρ Sco) is a double star in the constellation of Scorpius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.87, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located approximately 472 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the system is reduced by 0.07 due to extinction from interstellar dust. It is a member of the Upper Scorpius OB association.

It has two components, designated Rho Scorpii A and B. Rho Scorpii A is itself a single-lined spectroscopic binary whose components are designated Rho Scorpii Aa (formally named Iklil /ˈɪklɪl/, traditionally the name for several neighboring stars) and Ab.

Delta Scorpii
Delta Scorpii (Latinised from δ Scorpii, abbreviated Delta Sco, δ Sco) is a binary star (the presence of a third star in the system is being debated) in the constellation of Scorpius. The primary star is named Dschubba /ˈdʒʌbə/.
Cyclorotor
A cyclorotor, cycloidal rotor, cycloidal propeller or cyclogiro, is a fluid propulsion device that converts shaft power into the acceleration of a fluid using a rotating axis perpendicular to the direction of fluid motion. It uses several blades with a spanwise axis parallel to the axis of rotation and perpendicular to the direction of fluid motion. These blades are cyclically pitched twice per revolution to produce force (thrust or lift) in any direction normal to the axis of rotation. Cyclorotors are used for propulsion, lift, and control on air and water vehicles. An aircraft using cyclorotors as the primary source of lift, propulsion, and control is known as a cyclogyro or cyclocopter. A unique aspect is that it can change the magnitude and direction of thrust without the need of tilting any aircraft structures. The patented application, used on ships with particular actuation mechanisms both mechanical or hydraulic, is a Voith Schneider Propeller.

Cyclogyro
The cyclogyro, or cyclocopter, is an aircraft configuration that uses a horizontal-axis cyclorotor as a rotor wing to provide lift and, sometimes, also propulsion and control. In principle, the cyclogyro is capable of vertical take off and landing and hovering performance, like a helicopter, while potentially benefiting from some of the advantages of a fixed-wing aircraft.

The cyclogyro is distinct from the Flettner airplane, which uses a cylindrical wing rotor to harness the Magnus effect.

The cyclogyro's cyclorotor is similar to a Voith Drive, which is a type of propeller used on some boats. They work in almost exactly the same way, except a Voith Drive can produce a force in any direction, whilst a cyclogyro is only designed to produce lift in upwards directions. The other main difference is that Voith Drives work underwater but cyclogyros work in air.
Babusar Pass
Babusar Pass or Babusar Top (Urdu: درہ بابوسر) (elevation 4,173 metres or 13,691 feet) is a mountain pass in Pakistan in the north of the 150 km (93 miles) long Kaghan Valley, connecting it via the Thak Nala with Chilas on the Karakoram Highway (KKH). The Babusar Pass connects Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Gilgit-Baltistan.

Babusar Pass is the highest point in Kaghan Valley that can be easily accessed by cars. It is one of the most dangerous routes in Pakistan. Every year, a number of casualties in road accidents are reported from this mountainous terrain. The most common reason for accidents is brake failure of vehicles in this steep landscape due to inexperience. Babusar Top was originally known as Babur Top, originating from the fact that the Mughal emperor Babur passed through this area in the early 16th century. Nowadays however, it is commonly referred to as Babusar Top.

Kaghan Valley
The Kaghan Valley (Hindko, Urdu: وادی کاغان) is an alpine valley in Mansehra District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The valley stretches 154 kilometres (96 mi) across the mountaineous northern Pakistan, rising from its lowest elevation of 650 m (2,134 ft) to its highest point at the Babusar Pass around 4,170 m (13,690 ft). Landslides triggered by the devastating 2005 Kashmir earthquake destroyed many passes leading into the valley, though roads have since been rebuilt. Kaghan is a popular tourist attraction in Pakistan.
The Little Engine That Could (2011 film)
The Little Engine That Could is a 2011 American direct-to-video animated adventure film based on the 1930 story by Watty Piper (specifically based on the 2005 illustrations by Loren Long). The film stars the voices of Alyson Stoner, Whoopi Goldberg, Corbin Bleu, Jodi Benson, Patrick Warburton and Jamie Lee Curtis.

The Little Engine That Could
The Little Engine That Could is an American folktale and story to teach children the value of optimism and hard work. It is best known for its signature motif: "I think I can!"

The story originated in the early 20th century being retold by various authors, including Mary C. Jacobs. It was first referred to as its well known title in a 1920 edition published within the My Book House series. The most widely known version by Arnold "Watty Piper" Munk was published in 1930 by Platt & Munk. The 1930 version entered the American public domain on January 1, 2026.
SANZAAR
SANZAAR (South African, New Zealand, Australian and Argentina Rugby), previously known as SANZAR (South African, New Zealand, Australian Rugby) is the body which oversees Super Rugby and The Rugby Championship competitions in rugby union. SANZAAR meets annually and is composed of the CEOs from its member unions.

It was formed as SANZAR in 1996 as a joint venture of the South African Rugby Union, the New Zealand Rugby Union, and the Australian Rugby Union. From the 2016 season, its name was changed to SANZAAR following the inclusion of the Argentine Rugby Union as a full member of the organisation.

Argentine Rugby Union
The Argentine Rugby Union (Spanish: Unión Argentina de Rugby, abbreviated "UAR") is the governing body for rugby union in Argentina. It is a member of World Rugby, with a seat on that body's Executive Council, and a founding member of Sudamérica Rugby.

The UAR organises all the national teams, including Senior (Pumas), U-20 (Pumitas), Argentina XV, Sevens and Women's squads and the franchise Jaguares that participated in SANZAAR's Super Rugby competition.
Emilie Boon
Emilie Boon is a Dutch-American children's author and illustrator. She was born in the Netherlands and has studied at the Royal Academy of Art at The Hague. Her books include Belinda's Balloon and the Peterkin series. The first in the series, Peterkin Meets a Star, has been made into an iPad and iPhone application. Boon has had books published by a number of publishers and in 8 languages. She has illustrated many books in collaboration with children's author, Harriet Ziefert, including the "Little Hippo" series. Boon has worked for Houghton Mifflin to illustrate online leveled readers that teach reading skills and improve content knowledge attainment. She teaches children's book illustration at the Rhode Island School of Design.

Harriet Ziefert
Harriet Ziefert (born July 7, 1941) is an American children's author. Ziefert was born in North Bergen, New Jersey. She has written several hundred children's books, including the Little Hippo series. Notable illustrators of her books include Emilie Boon and Santiago Cohen.
Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
The Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross is the Church of Ireland Ordinary of the united Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross in the Province of Dublin.

The current bishop is the Right Reverend Paul Colton BCL, DipTh, MPhil, LLM, PhD. He was consecrated bishop at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, on Thursday 25 March 1999; the Feast of the Annunciation. He was enthroned in St. Fin Barre's Cathedral, Cork on 24 April 1999, in St Colman's Cathedral, Cloyne on 13 May 1999, and in St. Fachtna's Cathedral, Ross on 28 May 1999.

Rosscarbery
Rosscarbery (Irish: Ros Ó gCairbre, meaning 'Cairbre's wood') is a village and census town in County Cork, Ireland. The village is on a shallow estuary, which opens onto Rosscarbery Bay. Rosscarbery is in the Cork South-West (Dáil Éireann) constituency, which has three seats.
Barnes Ratwatte
Barnes Ratwatte (known as Barnes Ratwatte Dissawa; 1883 – 20 September 1957) was a Ceylonese colonial-era legislator and  headman. He was a member of the State Council and the Senate of Ceylon. He was appointed to the posts of Rate Mahatmaya of Balangoda and Dissawa by the British. He was the father of Sirimavo Bandaranaike, the first female prime minister in the world.

Maha Dissava
The Mahâ Dissâvas was a high-ranking office in the Amātya Mandalaya, or Sinhalese Council of State, in the Sinhalese Kingdoms of monarchical Sri Lanka. Like many of the existing high offices at the time, it had combined legislative and judicial powers and functioned primarily equivalent to that of a Provincial governor. The office of Dissava was retained under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. A Dissava was the governor of a province known as a Disavanies. Within his province, the Dissava held both executive and judicial authority.
Hohberger Building
The Hohberger Building is a historic building located in the East Village of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The building was built in 1895 and is one of the few remaining examples of a cast-iron column structure in the city.  A dry goods store named Dockstader & Co. was the first retail establishment to occupy the building (1899–1915). The building stood empty for several years until it was renovated in 1999. The ground level of the building remains retail space and the upper floors are occupied by offices. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.In 2019 it was included as a contributing property in the East Des Moines Commercial Historic District.

East Village (Des Moines)
Historic East Village is a commercial and residential neighborhood in central Des Moines, Iowa, United States, directly east of the Downtown Des Moines area. The neighborhood is bounded by Interstate 235 on the north, the Des Moines River on the west and south, and East 14th Street on the east. It also sits adjacent to the Historic Court District, which sits west across the Des Moines River. Part of the East Village forms a nationally recognized historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Many state and municipal buildings exist within the East Village. These include the Iowa State Capitol complex (including the Iowa Supreme Court), the State of Iowa Historical Museum, and the Des Moines Botanical Gardens.
Joshua Foer
Joshua Foer (born September 23, 1982) is a freelance journalist and author living in Brookline, Massachusetts, with a primary focus on science. He was the 2006 USA Memory Champion, which was described in his 2011 book, Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything. He also co-founded the travel company Atlas Obscura with Dylan Thuras.

Moonwalking with Einstein
Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything is a nonfiction book by Joshua Foer, first published in 2011. Moonwalking with Einstein debuted at number 3 on the New York Times bestseller list and stayed on the list for 8 weeks.
Rafig Mehdiyev
Rafig Mahmud oghlu Mehdiyev (Azerbaijani: Rafiq Mahmud oğlu Mehdiyev, June 10, 1933–November 28, 2009) was an Azerbaijani painter and professor. He was awarded the title of the People's Artist of Azerbaijan, and served as a professor and chairman of the graphics section of the Union of Artists of Azerbaijan. He was a presidential scholarship holder.

People's Artist of Azerbaijan
People's Artist of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının xalq rəssamı) is the honorary title and award granted for contribution to the development of Azerbaijani culture in the fields of visual art and painting. The People's Artists of the Azerbaijan SSR (1944–1990) was a precursor award given during the time of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union.
Beanpot (ice hockey)
The Beanpot is an annual men's and women's ice hockey tournament among the four major college hockey teams of the Greater Boston area in the United States: the Boston University Terriers, Boston College Eagles, Harvard University Crimson, and Northeastern University Huskies.

The men's tournament is held annually since the 1952–53 season, usually during the first two Mondays in February. Games are played at TD Garden since 1996, except for 2021 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  Boston College is the current men's Beanpot champion, having won the 2026 tournament.  The women's tournament began in 1979, with the championship game being held at TD Garden since 2024. Harvard won the 2026 women’s tournament in overtime against Boston University.

Due to the success of the hockey tournament, numerous other "Beanpots" have been contested in a number of other sports over the years, usually involving teams from the same four schools.

Boston College Eagles men's ice hockey
The Boston College Eagles are an NCAA Division I college ice hockey program that represents Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984, having previously played in the ECAC. The Eagles have won five national championships, the most recent coming in 2012. Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum, named in honor of long–time BC hockey coach John "Snooks" Kelley, since 1986, having previously played at McHugh Forum. The Eagles are coached by former Eagles and NHL defenseman Greg Brown, who recently took over the reins after the retirement of Jerry York.
Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies
The Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies (CAWCS; Welsh: Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd) is a research institute located in Aberystwyth, Wales. The centre was established by the University of Wales in 1985, and works under the University of Wales Trinity Saint David.

The centre holds responsibility on managing the University of Wales Dictionary, one of the main dictionaries of the Welsh language. It also manages the Dictionary of Welsh Biography with the National Library of Wales, as well as various projects, such as those relating to the poets or manuscripts of Wales, and collaborating with institutions in other Celtic nations.

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (The University of Wales Dictionary) is the only standard historical dictionary of the Welsh language, aspiring to be "comparable in method and scope to the Oxford English Dictionary". Vocabulary is defined in Welsh, and English equivalents are given. Detailed attention is given to variant forms, collocations, and etymology.

The first edition was published in four volumes between 1967 and 2002, containing 7.3 million words of text in 3,949 pages, documenting 106,000 headwords. There are almost 350,000 dated citations dating from the year 631 up to 2000, with 323,000 Welsh definitions and 290,000 English equivalents, of which 85,000 have included etymologies.
Sidney (given name)
Sidney (often shortened to Sid) is an English given name derived from the surname, which itself has two different derivations depending on the origins of the family: in some cases a place name, itself from Old English, meaning "wide water meadow", and in others from the French place name "St. Denis".

Sidney became widely used as a given name in English-speaking countries during the 19th century. It was popularised in the United States after the American Revolution due to admiration for the English politician Algernon Sidney as a martyr to royal tyranny; since its peak in the 1910s its usage has declined steadily. Sidney was used to name girls in the 1800s, such as Sidney Browne (born 1850).  From the early 1990s to the 2000s, the name Sidney was a fashionable name given to girls. Sydney is also a spelling variant of the name whatever the gender; other variants include Cydney and Cidney for a girl.

Sidney (surname)
Sidney or Sydney is an English surname.
It is probably derived from an Anglo-Saxon locational name, [æt þǣre] sīdan īege, "[at the] gorgeous island/watermeadow" (in the dative case).
There is also a folk etymological derivation from the French place name Saint Denis.

The name has also been used as a given name since the 19th century.
Āgama (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, an āgama (आगम Sanskrit and Pāli, Tibetan: ལུང་ (Wylie: lung) for "sacred work" or "scripture") is a collection of early Buddhist texts.

The five āgama together comprise the Suttapiṭaka of the early Buddhist schools, which had different recensions of each āgama. In the Pali Canon of the Theravada, the term nikāya is used. The word āgama does not occur in this collection.

Sutta Piṭaka
The Sutta Piṭaka (also referred to as Sūtra Piṭaka or Suttanta Piṭaka; English: Basket of Discourse) is the second of the three divisions of the Pali Tripitaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism. The other two parts of the Tripiṭaka are the Vinaya Piṭaka (Basket of Discipline) and the Abhidhamma Piṭaka (Basket of Higher Doctrine). The Sutta Pitaka contains more than 10,000 suttas (teachings) attributed to the Buddha or his close companions.
William Thompson (viticulturist)
William Thompson (26 November 1816 - 19 October 1897) was an English-born viticulturist, credited with the introduction and popularization of the Sultana grape in the Central Valley of California. Known widely as the Thompson Seedless variety in the United States, the high yielding pale green grape accounts for approximately 95% of raisins produced in California.

Sultana (grape)
The sultana is a "white" (pale green), oval seedless grape variety also called the sultanina, Thompson Seedless (United States), Lady de Coverly (England), and oval-fruited Kishmish (Iraq, Iran, Palestine, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India). It is also known as a grape found in İzmir, or Manisa in Turkey, since this variety has been extensively grown in the region around those cities. It is assumed to originate from Asia Minor, which later became part of the Ottoman Empire.

In some countries, especially Commonwealth countries, the name sultana is used for the raisin made from it or larger seedless grapes; such sultana raisins are often called sultanas or sultanis.
Diablo Grande, California
Diablo Grande is an unincorporated community in Stanislaus County, California, United States. It is a gated bedroom community nestled in the Diablo Range, whence it gets its name.  Diablo Grande sits at an elevation of 1,535 feet (468 m). It is about 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Patterson. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as a census-designated place (CDP). The 2020 United States census reported Diablo Grande's population was 1,669.

Stanislaus County, California
Stanislaus County (/ˈstænɪslɔː(s)/ ⓘ STAN-iss-law(ss); Spanish: Condado de Estanislao) is a county located in the San Joaquin Valley of the U.S. state of California. As of 2023, its estimated population  is 564,404. The county seat is Modesto.

Stanislaus County makes up the Modesto metropolitan statistical area. The county is located just east of the San Francisco Bay Area and serves as a bedroom community for those who work in the eastern part of the Bay Area.
Great American Outdoors Act
The Great American Outdoors Act (H.R. 1957) is a piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress, signed by then-President Donald Trump, and activated into Public Law (Public Law No. 116-152) in 2020. It has two major components: fully and permanently fund the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) at $900 million per year, and providing $9.5 billion over five years ($1.9 billion annually) to address a maintenance backlog at American national parks, including updating facilities to increase accessibility for the general public. The Associated Press wrote that it would be "the most significant conservation legislation enacted in nearly half a century."

However, after the legislation was passed, the Trump administration's Executive Order 3388 was deemed to have weakened the effects of the GAOA. These rules and restrictions were reverted by the Biden administration on February 11, 2021.

Land and Water Conservation Fund
The United States' Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) is a federal program that was established by Act of Congress in 1965 to provide funds and matching grants to federal, state and local governments for the acquisition of land and water, and easements on land and water, for the benefit of all Americans. The main emphases of the fund are recreation and the protection of national natural treasures in the forms of parks and protected forest and wildlife areas. The LWCF has a broad-based coalition of support and oversight, including the National Parks Conservation Association, Environment America, The Wilderness Society, the Land Trust Alliance, the Nature Conservancy, the National Wildlife Federation, and The Conservation Fund.

In August 2020, President Trump signed the Great American Outdoors Act into law, which requires that the LWCF be funded at $900 million yearly, a significant increase from previous funding levels.