hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmund H. Wuerpel
Edmund Henry Wuerpel (May 13, 1866—February 1958) was an American painter, longtime educator, and second director of the St. Louis School and Museum of Fine Arts, part of Washington University in St. Louis. In his years of training in Paris, Wuerpel became a friend of painter James Abbott McNeill Whistler who helped spread the influence of the "Tonal School" in the Midwest. In a parallel career Wuerpel also played an important role in the development of orthodontics, collaborating with the "first great teacher of orthodontia" Edward Angle and lecturing in the Midwest and western United States on aesthetics and orthodontics.

St. Louis School of Fine Arts
The St. Louis School of Fine Arts was founded as the Saint Louis School and Museum of Fine Arts in 1879 as part of Washington University in St. Louis, and has continuously offered visual arts and sculpture education since then.  Its purpose-built building stood in downtown St. Louis on Lucas Place.

After about 25 years of operation, in 1909, a legal conflict over funding split the organization into two parts:  the school and its art collection, which remained part of privately held Washington University, and a public civic art museum, which became the Saint Louis Art Museum.

The art school moved to the university campus.  With changes of name and location on campus, it continued operations up until 2006 when the school was incorporated into the Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts, which spans graduate and undergraduate arts curriculum, graduate and undergraduate schools of architecture, and the university's art collection in its Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum.
Children of the Light (film)
Children of the Light is a documentary film produced by The PeaceJam Foundation about the life of Archbishop Desmond Tutu. It is the first film to tell the life story of Nobel Prize winner Desmond Tutu, one of the fathers of modern-day South Africa, and features extensive archival footage, family photos and never-before-seen interviews. It premiered at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival on June 8, 2014.

PeaceJam
PeaceJam is a US-based global youth organization led by Nobel Peace laureates. It was founded by musical artist Ivan Suvanjieff and his wife, the economist Dawn Engle in 1993.

PeaceJam has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize eight times.
Alkyne metathesis
Alkyne metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of alkyne chemical bonds.  The reaction requires metal catalysts.  Mechanistic studies show that the conversion proceeds via the intermediacy of metal alkylidyne complexes. The reaction is related to olefin metathesis.

Olefin metathesis
In organic chemistry, olefin metathesis or alkene metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the breaking and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds. Because of the relative simplicity of olefin metathesis, it often creates fewer undesired by-products and hazardous wastes than alternative organic reactions. For their elucidation of the reaction mechanism and their discovery of a variety of highly active catalysts, Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R. Schrock were collectively awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
White knight
A white knight is a mythological figure and literary stock character. They are portrayed alongside a black knight as diametric opposites. A white knight usually represents a heroic warrior fighting against evil, with the role in medieval literature being represented by a knight-errant.

Black Knight
A black knight is a literary stock character who masks his identity by not displaying heraldry. Black knights are usually portrayed as villains who use this anonymity for misdeeds. The character appears in Arthurian legend and has been adapted and adopted by various authors, in cinema and popular culture. The character is sometimes associated with death or darkness. They are often contrasted with the knight-errant (white knight).

In business, the term refers to a predatory person or firm making an unwelcome bid to take over another company.

The Black Knight or Black Knights are characters in:
1933 Ryder Cup
The 4th Ryder Cup Matches were held 26–27 June 1933 at the Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club in Southport, England. The Great Britain team won the competition by a score of 61⁄2–51⁄2 points, which at the time was the closest score possible other than a tie. As with the three previous events, the host team won and the series was tied at two wins each.

John Henry Taylor became only the second of three Team Great Britain captains to ever lift the Ryder Cup and was Great Britain's last Ryder Cup victory until 1957, the only post-war win until Team Europe won its first in 1985.

John Henry Taylor
John Henry "J.H." Taylor (19 March 1871 – 10 February 1963) was an English professional golfer and one of the pioneers of the modern game of golf. Taylor is considered to be one of the best golfers of all time. He was a significant golf course architect. Taylor helped to found the British PGA, the world's first, and became respected for his administrative work. He also wrote two notable golf books.
Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Mario Bowleg
Mario Keith Bowleg is a Bahamian politician and former basketball coach and sports administrator who has served as Minister of Youth, Sports and Culture and member of parliament (MP) for Garden Hills since 2021. He is a member of the Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), and previously spent more than two decades working in banking and held senior roles in Bahamian basketball, including president of the Bahamas Basketball Federation and head coach of the men's national team.

Bahamas men's national basketball team
The Bahamas men's national basketball team represents The Bahamas in international basketball. The team is controlled by the Bahamas Basketball Federation.

The Bahamas has traditionally been the dominant nation at the official Caribbean Basketball Championship as it won more gold medals and more overall medals than any contender.
Chi (unit)
The chi (Tongyong Pinyin chih) is a traditional Chinese unit of length. Although it is often translated as the "Chinese foot", its length was originally derived from the distance measured by a human hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger, and is similar to the ancient span. It first appeared during China's Shang dynasty approximately 3,000 years ago and has since been adopted by other East Asian cultures such as Japan (shaku), Korea (ja/cheok), and Vietnam (thước). Its present value is standardized at around one-third meter (1 ft 1 in), although the exact standards vary among the mainland of the People's Republic of China, its special administrative region of Hong Kong, and Taiwan.

In its ancient and modern forms, the chi is divided into 10 smaller units known as cun (the "Chinese inch"). 10 chi are equal to 1 zhàng.

Shaku (unit)
The shaku (Japanese: 尺) or Japanese foot is a Japanese unit of length derived (but varying) from the Chinese chi, originally based upon the distance measured by a human hand from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger (compare span). Traditionally, the length varied by location or use, but it is now standardized as 10/33 m, or approximately 30.3 centimeters (11.9 in).
Mexican dog-faced bat
The Mexican dog-faced bat (Cynomops mexicanus) is a bat species of the family Molossidae from Central America. It is found from Nayarit in Mexico to Costa Rica at elevations up to 1500 m. It was formerly considered a subspecies of C. greenhalli. It roosts in deciduous and evergreen forest, and is usually found near small bodies of water.

Free-tailed bat
The Molossidae, or free-tailed bats, are a family of bats within the order Chiroptera.
The Molossidae is the fourth-largest family of bats, containing about 110 species as of 2012. They are generally quite robust, and consist of many strong-flying forms with relatively long and narrow wings with wrinkled lips shared through their genus. Their strong flying form allows them to fly 60 miles per hour using tail winds and at altitudes over 10,000 feet. This makes them unique among bats, as they are the only bat family that withstands the elevation. They are widespread, being found on every continent except Antarctica. They are typically found in caves, abandoned mines, or tunnels.
Structured encryption
Structured encryption (STE) is a form of encryption that encrypts a data structure so that it can be privately queried. Structured encryption can be used as a building block to design end-to-end encrypted databases, efficient searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) and other algorithms that can be efficiently executed on encrypted data.

Searchable symmetric encryption
Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) is a form of encryption that allows one to efficiently search over a collection of encrypted documents or files without the ability to decrypt them. SSE can be used to outsource files to an untrusted cloud storage server without ever revealing the files in the clear but while preserving the server's ability to search over them.
Karate kata
Kata (Japanese: 形, or more traditionally, 型; lit. "form") is a Japanese word describing detailed patterns of movements practiced either solo or in pairs. Karate kata are executed as a specified series of a variety of moves, with stepping and turning, while attempting to maintain perfect form. The kata is not intended as a literal depiction of a mock fight, but as a display of transition and flow from one posture and movement to another, teaching the student proper form and position, and encouraging them to visualise different scenarios for the use of each motion and technique. Karateka "read" a kata in order to explain the imagined events, a practice known as bunkai. There are various kata, each with many minor variations.

Bunkai
Bunkai (分解), literally meaning "analysis" or "disassembly", "is a term used in Japanese martial arts referring to process of analysing kata and extracting fighting techniques from the movements of a 'form' (kata). The extracted fighting techniques are called Oyo."
Jai Hind metro station
Jai Hind (also referred to as Biman Bandar) is an underground metro station of Yellow Line of Kolkata Metro in Dum Dum, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is the largest underground metro station in India serving the city of Kolkata's main airport, the Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport. The station was inaugurated on 22 August 2025. The station will be a future interchange when it hosts Orange Line of Kolkata Metro till Kavi Subhash.

Yellow Line (Kolkata Metro)
Yellow Line is a rapid transit metro line of the Kolkata Metro in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It currently consists of a short operational section between Noapara and Jai Hind (Kolkata Airport) that was inaugurated on 22 August 2025. The full line will be 16.876 km (10.486 mi) long with 10 stations, running from Noapara to Barasat in North 24 Parganas. It is being built by RVNL, Senbo & ITD. It will run mostly on underground tunnels, the track is elevated from Noapara to Jessore Road and then go underground towards Barasat. It has an interchange at the Kolkata Airport with Orange Line.
Ayodhyecha Raja
Ayodhyecha Raja, literally "The King of Ayodhya", was the first Marathi talkie, released in 1932, directed by Shantaram Rajaram Vankudre. It is based on the puranic story of Raja Harishchandra of Ayodhya and his test by sage Vishwamitra, as recounted in Valmiki's epic, Ramayana.

The film was also made as a double-version, Ayodhya Ka Raja (1932) in Hindi, making it the first double version talkie of Indian cinema, wherein Munshi Ismail Farogh wrote the Hindi dialogue, while screenwriter N.V. Kulkarni also did Marathi dialogue. India's first full-length feature film, Raja Harishchandra (1913), was also made on the same storyline.

V. Shantaram
Shantaram Rajaram Vankudre (18 November 1901 – 30 October 1990), also known as V. Shantaram or Shantaram Bapu, was an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and editor known for his work in Hindi and Marathi films.  He is best known for films such as Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani (1946), Amar Bhoopali (1951), Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje (1955), Do Aankhen Barah Haath (1957), Navrang (1959), Duniya Na Mane (1937), Pinjara (1972), Chani, Iye Marathiche Nagari and Zunj.
Magnificent Mile
The Magnificent Mile (sometimes locally abbreviated to the Mag Mile) is the approximately one-mile-long stretch of Michigan Avenue from the Chicago River to Oak Street on the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois. It divides the neighborhood of Streeterville, on its east, from River North, on its west.

The Magnificent Mile is the primary commercial corridor between the Loop and Gold Coast. It hosts numerous retail stores and experiential spaces, hotels, and  tourist attractions.

The real estate developer Arthur Rubloff of Rubloff Company gave the district its nickname in 1947. Skyscrapers and landmarks along the Magnificent Mile include the John Hancock Center, the Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower, the Chicago Water Tower, and the Allerton, Drake, and Intercontinental hotels.

Tourism in Chicago
Tourism in Chicago draws on the city's  architecture, museums, restaurants,  sports, parks and beaches, theater and wide variety of neighborhood attractions.

In 2017, Millennium Park alone saw 25 million  visitors, making it  the top tourist destination in  the Midwest and  among the top ten in the United States.

In 2023, Chicago saw 51.96 million tourist arrivals, and tourism expenditure  set a new record at $19.2 billion. Of these,  1.83 million were international visitors.

Prior to the  COVID-19 pandemic, tourist arrivals had peaked at 61.58 million people in 2019.
OpenWindows
OpenWindows is a discontinued desktop environment for Sun Microsystems workstations which combined a display server supporting the X Window System protocol, the XView and OLIT toolkits, the OPEN LOOK Window Manager (olwm), and the DeskSet productivity tools; earlier versions of OpenWindows also supported the NeWS protocol. It implements the OPEN LOOK GUI specification.

OpenWindows was included in later releases of the SunOS 4 and Solaris operating systems, until its removal in Solaris 9 in favor of Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and GNOME 2.0.

OPEN LOOK
OPEN LOOK (sometimes referred to as Open Look) is a graphical user interface (GUI) specification for UNIX workstations.  It was originally defined in the late 1980s by Sun Microsystems and AT&T Corporation.
Billy Cann
Wiliam A. Cann (1882–1958) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s who later wrote for The Sydney Morning Herald. A New South Wales state and Australia national representative lock forward, he has been named as one of the nation's finest footballers of the 20th century. Cann played his club football for South Sydney with whom he won the 1914 NSWRFL Premiership. In 1907 he played for New South Wales in the first rugby match run by the newly created 'New South Wales Rugby Football League' which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union. Cann was also a long-term administrator at Souths and a football journalist.

New South Wales rugby league team
The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. The team is currently coached by Laurie Daley and captained by Isaah Yeo, and is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.

Prior to 1980 when the "state of origin" selection criteria was introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. Their home stadium is  Accor Stadium in Sydney, the largest stadium in the state, having been constructed for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
A Discovery of Witches (TV series)
A Discovery of Witches is a British fantasy television series based on the All Souls Trilogy by Deborah Harkness and titled after the first book in the trilogy. Produced by Bad Wolf and Sky Studios, it stars Matthew Goode and Teresa Palmer as a vampire and a witch who must learn about and fend off magical creatures. Edward Bluemel, Louise Brealey, Malin Buska, Aiysha Hart, Owen Teale, Alex Kingston, and Valarie Pettiford are also featured in main roles.

The eight-episode first series of A Discovery of Witches premiered weekly in the United Kingdom on Sky One from 14 September 2018. In November 2018, Sky One renewed A Discovery of Witches for a second and third series. The ten-episode second series was initially released in its entirety on 8 January 2021 and aired weekly on Sky One. The seven-episode third and final series was also initially released in its entirety on 7 January 2022 and aired weekly on Sky Max, following the shutdown of Sky One.

Deborah Harkness
Deborah Harkness (born 1965) is an American scholar and novelist, best known as a historian and as the author of the All Souls Trilogy, which consists of The New York Times best-selling novel A Discovery of Witches and its sequels Shadow of Night and The Book of Life. Her latest book is The Black Bird Oracle, a sequel to the All Souls Trilogy.
Susan Blackwell
Susan Blackwell is an American actress, writer, and singer, best known for playing characters based on herself in the original musicals [title of show] and Now. Here. This. She has appeared in other plays, musicals, films, and television shows including Master of None, Madam Secretary, The Blacklist, Succession, Law & Order, P.S. I Love You, After the Wedding, Yes, God, Yes, and Speech and Debate. She created and hosts her own talk show, Side by Side by Susan Blackwell on Broadway.com.

Now. Here. This.
Now. Here. This. is a musical from the team of [title of show], with music and lyrics by Jeff Bowen and a book by Hunter Bell and Susan Blackwell. It is a collaborative work by Hunter Bell, Michael Berresse, Susan Blackwell, Heidi Blickenstaff, Jeff Bowen, and Larry Pressgrove. The four-person show, set in a natural-history museum, explores many questions of life ranging from reptiles and outer space to friendship and dying.
Ghulam Dastagir Panjsheri
Ghulam Dastagir Panjsheri (1933 – 26 December 2022) was an Afghan communist politician and public servant. Panjsheri was usually identified as a Khalq by fellow Afghan politicians, while outside observers said he was creating his own PDPA group under the name Gruhi Kar.

Guruh-i Kar
The Kar or Guruh-i Kar (Dari: گروه کار, "Worker's Group") was a faction of the communist PDPA party in Afghanistan. At one point, Kar was one of four PDPA factions, along with the Parcham, Khalqi, and Setam-e Milli.  The group was headed by Dastagir Panjsheri, who later joined the Khalq.

In 1987, President Najibullah approved a plan to form four militia units from the ranks of the Gruhi Kar, to secure the group's home area of Jowzjan and Faryab Provinces. However Abdul Rashid Dostum, an Uzbek leader then serving as a DRA Army officer, intervened to block the creation of the Kar militias and ordered the arrest of Kar members (resulting in the death of one).
Harbourfront, Toronto
Harbourfront is a neighbourhood on the northern shore of Lake Ontario within downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Toronto waterfront, Harbourfront extends from Bathurst Street in the west, along Queens Quay, with its ill-defined eastern boundary being either Yonge Street or York Street. Its northern boundary is the Gardiner Expressway. Much of the district was former water lots filled in during the early 1900s to create a larger harbour district. After shipping patterns changed and the use of the Toronto Harbour declined, the area was converted from industrial uses to a mixed-use district that is mostly residential and leisure.

Downtown Toronto
Downtown Toronto is the main city centre of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto, it is approximately 16.6 square kilometres (6.4 sq mi) in area, bordered by Bloor Street to the northeast, a Canadian Pacific Railway line to the northwest, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don Valley to the east, and Bathurst Street to the west. It is also the home of the municipal government of Toronto and the Government of Ontario.

The area showcases Canada's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that form Toronto's skyline. Since 2022, downtown Toronto had the second most skyscrapers in North America exceeding 200 metres (656 ft) in height, behind only Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Jay Jacobs (broadcaster)
Jules "Jay" Jacobs Jr. (born June 18, 1938, in Morgantown, West Virginia, United States) is a retired public school administrator and is currently the radio color analyst with Tony Caridi for West Virginia University's Mountaineer Sports Network basketball coverage.  His parents, Jules and Helen Jacobs raised him in Morgantown with his two sisters, Jennifer and Judie.  He attended the Little Red Schoolhouse, Morgantown Junior High and Morgantown High School.

Tony Caridi
Tony Caridi (born September 8, 1962) is a children's book author and an American sportscaster for West Virginia University's Mountaineer Sports Network and West Virginia Radio Corporation's Metronews Radio Network.
SHRDLU
SHRDLU is an early natural-language understanding computer program that was developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in 1968–1970. In the program, the user carries on a conversation with the computer, moving objects, naming collections and querying the state of a simplified "blocks world", essentially a virtual box filled with different blocks.

SHRDLU was written in the Micro Planner and Lisp programming language on the DEC PDP-6 computer and a DEC graphics terminal. Later additions were made at the computer graphics labs at the University of Utah, adding a full 3D rendering of SHRDLU's "world".

The name SHRDLU was derived from ETAOIN SHRDLU, the arrangement of the letter keys on a Linotype machine, arranged in descending order of usage frequency in English.

Natural language understanding
Natural language understanding (NLU) or natural language interpretation (NLI) is a subset of natural language processing in artificial intelligence that deals with machine reading comprehension. NLU has been considered an AI-hard problem.

There is considerable commercial interest in the field because of its application to automated reasoning, machine translation, question answering, news-gathering, text categorization, voice-activation, archiving, and large-scale content analysis.