hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chen Wangting
Chen Wangting (1580–1660), courtesy name Chen Zouting, was a Ming dynasty military officer who may have founded Chen-style tai chi, one of the five major styles of the popular Chinese martial art. He reputedly devised his style of tai chi after his retirement following the fall of the Ming dynasty.

Chen-style tai chi
The Chen-style tai chi (Chinese: 陳氏太极拳; pinyin: Chén shì tàijíquán) is a Northern Chinese martial art and the original form of tai chi. Chen-style is characterized by silk reeling, alternating fast and slow motions, and bursts of power (fa jin).

Traditionally, tai chi is practiced as a martial art but has expanded into other domains of practice such as health or performances. Some argue that Chen-style tai chi has preserved and emphasized the martial efficacy to a greater extent.
Thieusies
Thieusies (French pronunciation: [tjøzi]; Walloon: Tieuziye) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Soignies, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

Since 1977, Thieusies formed part of the municipality of Soignies, also comprising the villages of Casteau, Horrues, Chaussée-Notre-Dame-Louvignies, Naast, Neufvilles,  and Soignies (town).

Soignies
Soignies (French pronunciation: [swaɲi] ⓘ; Dutch: Zinnik, pronounced [ˈzɪnɪk]; Picard: Sougniye; Walloon: Sougniye) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

It consists of the following districts: Casteau, Chaussée-Notre-Dame-Louvignies, Horrues, Naast, Neufvilles, Soignies and Thieusies. Casteau is known worldwide because SHAPE, the military headquarters of NATO, has been based at the village since 1967.

The name of Soignies comes from the Latin word suniacum, which means "on the Senne". The spring of the Senne is near Soignies. After Soignies, the river flows through Brussels.

Soignies is also well known for its blue limestone (from the Carrières du Hainaut) and its glass industry (Durobor).
Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria
Archduke Charles Stephen Eugene Viktor Felix Maria of Austria (German: Erzherzog Karl Stephan Eugen Viktor Felix Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, Polish: Arcyksiążę Karol Stefan Eugeniusz Wiktor Feliks Maria Habsburg-Lothringen; 5 September 1860 – 7 April 1933) was a member of the House of Habsburg, an Admiral in the Austro-Hungarian Navy and candidate for the Polish crown.

Archduke Wilhelm of Austria
Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria, later known as Wilhelm Franz von Habsburg-Lothringen (10 February 1895 – 18 August 1948), and also referred to as Vasyl Vyshyvanyi (Ukrainian: Василь Вишиваний), was an Austrian archduke, a colonel in the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, a poet, and a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
Dan Wikler
Daniel Isaac Wikler (born 1946) is an American public health educator, philosopher, and medical ethicist. He is currently the Mary B. Saltonstall Professor of Population Ethics and Professor of Ethics and Population Health in the Department of Global Health and Population of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston. He is Director and a core faculty member in the Harvard Program in Ethics and Health (PEH). His current research interests are ethical issues in population and international health, including the allocation of health resources, health research involving human subjects, organ transplant ethics, and ethical dilemmas arising in public health practice, and he teaches several courses each year. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.

Richard A. Cash
Richard Alan Cash (June 9, 1941 – October 22, 2024) was an American global health researcher, public health physician, and internist.  He was a pioneer of oral rehydration therapy for lethal diseases such as cholera.  This simple, practical therapy is estimated to have saved over 50 million lives since.
Bill Daniels
Robert William Daniels Jr. (July 1, 1920 – March 7, 2000) was an American cable television executive and owner of professional sports teams. He was a pioneer in building the cable television industry and was known as the "father of cable television." Having an interest in sports, he co-founded the Prime Ticket sports network and was a co-owner of the Los Angeles Lakers and was a founder of the United States Football League as the owner of the Los Angeles Express.  He also owned the Utah Stars of the American Basketball Association.

Utah Stars
The Utah Stars were an American Basketball Association (ABA) team based in Salt Lake City, Utah. Under head coach Bill Sharman the Stars were the first major professional basketball team to use a pre-game shootaround.
1985 Speedway World Team Cup
The 1985 Speedway World Team Cup was the 26th edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions.

The final took place at the Veterans Memorial Stadium (Long Beach), in California, United States. Denmark won their third consecutive title (and fifth in total) surpassing Poland's four titles and moving into third place in the all-time list.

Veterans Memorial Stadium (Long Beach)
Veterans Memorial Stadium (also known as Veterans Stadium, Vets Stadium or simply The Vet) is an 11,600-seat stadium used mostly for American football and soccer located south of the Liberal Arts Campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. It is the home stadium to a number of local area high school football teams, as well as Long Beach City College's football team. It was also home to Long Beach State's football team until the program disbanded in 1991. The Los Angeles Force use the stadium for soccer matches.

The stadium is also popular as a movie set for a number of Hollywood motion pictures. It also hosted the 1985 and 1988 Motorcycle Speedway World Team Cup Finals.
Jan O. Karlsson
Jan Olov Karlsson (1 June 1939 – 19 September 2016) was a Swedish politician; former Minister for Development Cooperation, Migration and Asylum Policy (2002-2003) and acting Minister for Foreign Affairs (11 September-10 October 2003), following the murder of Anna Lindh. He also served as President of the European Court of Auditors.

European Court of Auditors
The European Court of Auditors (ECA; French: Cour des comptes européenne) is the supreme audit institution of the European Union (EU).  It was established in 1975 in Luxembourg and is one of the seven EU institutions. The Court comprises one member from each EU member state (currently 27) supported by approximately 900 civil servants.
Office of Rare Diseases Research
The Office of Rare Diseases Research is a division of the US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) that oversees the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network and Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center.

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) was established on December 23, 2011 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland. NCATS is one of 27 institutes and centers of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The mission of NCATS is to transform scientific discoveries into new treatments and cures for disease that can be delivered faster to patients. The budget provided to NCATS for fiscal year 2018 is $557,373,000.
Krept and Konan
Krept and Konan is a British hip hop duo from London, consisting of Casyo Valentine "Krept" Johnson BEM (born 4 February 1990, Gipsy Hill) and Karl Dominic "Konan" Wilson BEM (born 3 September 1989, Thornton Heath), the son of Delroy Wilson otherwise known as 'Jamaica's first child star'. Their first major release was the mixtape Young Kingz, released on 2 September 2013. As of 3 May 2013, Krept and Konan signed a record deal with Virgin EMI Records.

Their debut album The Long Way Home was released on 5 July 2015 and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 2. The duo's highest-charting single is "Freak of the Week" featuring Jeremih, which charted at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. Krept and Konan have both starred together in the film The Intent (2016) and reprised their roles in the prequel The Intent 2: The Come Up (2018).

Virgin EMI Records
Virgin EMI Records was a British record label owned by the Universal Music Group that was formed in 2013. In June 2020, the label was rebranded as EMI Records, and operates Virgin Records as an imprint of the new EMI Records.
Saltillo Engine Plant
Saltillo Engine is a Chrysler engine plant in Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico. The factory opened in 1981. It was built as a scale model of the plant at Trenton, Michigan, United States, but with more work flexibility, having only 20 job classifications rather than the 70 at Trenton.

Current products:

Chrysler 5.7 Hemi V8

6.4 L Hemi Apache V8

3.0 L Hurricane I6

Former products:

Chrysler 5.9LA (1981-1992)

Chrysler 5.9 Magnum V8 (1992-2003)

Chrysler 8.0 Magnum V10 Truck (1994-2003)

Chrysler 6.2 Hellcat V8 (2015-2024)

Chrysler 6.4 SRT V8 (2011-2024)

2.0 L I4

2.4 L I4

2.4 L Tigershark I4

Chrysler Hemi engine
The Chrysler Hemi engine, known by the trademark Hemi or HEMI, is a series of high-performance American overhead valve V8 engines built by Chrysler with hemispherical combustion chambers. Three generations have been produced: the FirePower series (with displacements from 241 to 392 cu in (3.9 to 6.4 L) from 1951 until 1958; a 426 cu in (7.0 L) race and street engine from 1964 through 1971; and family of advanced Hemis (displacing between 5.7 and 6.4 L (348 and 391 cu in) since 2003.

Although Chrysler is most identified with "Hemi" as a marketing term, many other auto manufacturers have incorporated Hemispherical cylinder head designs.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Chrysler also applied the term Hemi to their Australian-made Hemi-6 Engine, and a 4-cylinder Mitsubishi 2.6 L engine installed in various North American market vehicles.
Nissan CR engine
The Nissan CR engine is a 1.0 L (997 cc), 1.2 L (1,240 cc) or 1.4 L (1,386 cc) straight-4 piston engine from Nissan's Aichi Kikai division in Japan. It is an aluminum DOHC 16-valve design. The CR14DE also features Variable Valve Timing on the inlet camshaft.

It was first used in the Nissan K12 Micra/March in March 2002, then the Z11 Nissan Cube in October 2002 in Japan and the European E11 Nissan Note in March 2006 It replaced the similar Nissan CG engine.

In 2013, the CR engine was discontinued and replaced by the HR engine family.

Nissan Micra
The Nissan Micra, also known as the Nissan March (Japanese: 日産・マーチ, Hepburn: Nissan Māchi), is a supermini car (B-segment) that has been produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan from 1982. The March name has always been used in the Japanese markets but also in many export markets across Asia and Latin America and others.

The Nissan Micra/March partially replaced the Nissan Cherry. It was exclusive to Nissan Japanese dealership network Nissan Cherry Store until 1999 when the Cherry network was combined into Nissan Red Stage until 2003. Until Nissan began selling kei cars in Japan, the March was Nissan's smallest vehicle there. Unlike most Nissans in the domestic market, it was never sold under other names through other distribution chains.
Al Masmak Palace
Al Masmak Palace (Arabic: قصر المصمك, romanized: Qaṣr al-Maṣmak), also called the Masmak Fortress or Masmak Fort, is a historic clay and mudbrick fort in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in close proximity to the al-Hukm Palace in the Qasr al-Hukm District. Commissioned in 1865 by Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud, it was completed in 1895 following the takeover of the town by the Rashidi dynasty. The fortress was the main theatre for the Battle of Riyadh in 1902, which marked the prelude to the unification of Saudi Arabia. It was opened to the general public in 1995 after its conversion into a museum.

Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud (1831–1889)
Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud (Arabic: عبد الله بن فيصل آل سعود ʿAbd Allāh bin Fayṣal Āl Suʿūd; 1831 – 2 December 1889) was one of the rulers of the Emirate of Najd, also known as Second Saudi State. His reign witnessed extensive struggle among the members of the Al Saud family which led to turmoil in the region.
Palm Springs, California
Palm Springs (Cahuilla: Séc-he) is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Colorado Desert's Coachella Valley. The city covers approximately 94 square miles (240 km2), making it the largest city in Riverside County by land area. With multiple plots in checkerboard pattern, more than 10% of the city is part of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians reservation land and is the administrative capital of the most populated reservation in California.

The population of Palm Springs was 44,575 as of the 2020 census, but because Palm Springs is a retirement location and a winter snowbird destination, the city's population triples between November and March. The majority of the snowbirds are Canadians.

The city is noted for its mid-century modern architecture, design elements, arts and cultural scene, and recreational activities.

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of the Cahuilla, located in Riverside County, California, United States. The Cahuilla lived in the Coachella Valley desert and surrounding mountains between 5000 BCE and 500 CE. With the establishment of the reservations, the Cahuilla were officially divided into 10 sovereign nations, including the Agua Caliente Band.
Average absolute deviation
The average absolute deviation (AAD) of a data set is the average of the absolute deviations from a central point. It is a summary statistic of statistical dispersion or variability. In the general form, the central point can be a mean, median, mode, or the result of any other measure of central tendency or any reference value related to the given data set. 
AAD includes the mean absolute deviation and the median absolute deviation (both abbreviated as MAD).

Median absolute deviation
In statistics, the median absolute deviation (MAD), also referred to as the median absolute deviation from the median (MADFM), is a robust or outlier-resistant measure of the variability of a univariate sample of quantitative data. 
For a univariate data set X1, X2, ..., Xn, the MAD is defined as the median of the absolute deviations from the data's median, .
It can also refer to the population parameter that is estimated by the MAD calculated from a sample.
Runabout (car)
A runabout is a car body style popular in the 1910s, based on the horse-drawn runabout carriage.

It was popular in North America from 1900 to about 1915. It was a light, basic style with no windshield, top, or doors and a single row of seats. Runabouts eventually became indistinguishable from roadsters and the term fell out of use in the United States. The approach has evolved into the modern "city car".

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.
Jim May (chemical engineer)
James Richard May (20 July 1934 – 6 June 2023) was an Australian chemical engineer and metallurgist who was the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Minerals Industry Research Association (AMIRA) between 1968 and 1994. He was also on various academic committees in a number of institutions and organisations.

AMIRA
Australian Minerals Industry Research Association Limited (AMIRA), now AMIRA Global is a mining research and development organisation that was founded in 1959 in Melbourne, Australia. In the early 2000s, the association changed its name to Amira Global, to incorporate its international connections.
Michael Kunze
Michael Rolf Kunze (born 9 November 1943, in Prague) is a foremost German musical theater lyricist and librettist.

He is best known for the hit musicals Elisabeth (1992), Tanz der Vampire (1996), Mozart! (1999), Marie Antoinette (2006), and Rebecca (2006).

He has also written the lyrics for a number of hit songs (under the pseudonym Stephan Prager), including the number one Billboard hit "Fly, Robin, Fly" (1976), and was one of the top 1970s record producers, producing songs for musical acts Silver Convention, Penny McLean, and Sister Sledge. Kunze has won a Grammy Award, ECHO Lifetime Award and holds 79 Gold and Platinum records.

Dance of the Vampires (musical)
Dance of the Vampires is a musical adaptation of the 1967 Roman Polanski film (known as The Fearless Vampire Killers in the United States). Polanski also directed the musical’s original German-language production (titled Tanz der Vampire). The music was composed by Jim Steinman, orchestrated by Steve Margoshes, and Michael Kunze wrote the original German book and lyrics.
Bam Khatoon F.C.
Bam Khatoon Women's Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال زنان خاتون بم, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Zenan-e Xatun Bem) formerly Shahrdari Bam, is an Iranian professional women's football club based in Bam which plays in the Kowsar Women Football League. It also qualified for the inaugural AFC Women's Champions League.

The club is the most titled of the Iranian women league, having won 11 championships.

Iranian Kowsar Women League
The Iranian Kowsar Women Football League (Persian: لیگ کوثر بانوان فوتبال ایران, Lig-e Kâuser-e Banuan-e Futbal-e Iran) is a women's football league, run by the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran. At the top of the Iranian football league system, it is the country's primary competition for the sport. It was established in 2007.
Sudachi
Sudachi (Citrus sudachi; Japanese: スダチ or 酢橘) is a small, round, green citrus fruit of Japanese origin that is a specialty of Tokushima Prefecture in Japan. Harvested before it fully ripens to yellow, it is tart and not eaten as a table fruit but used to flavor sauces and marinades, desserts, and drinks in place of lemon or lime. Genetic analysis shows it to be the product of a cross between a yuzu and another citrus fruit akin to the koji and tachibana orange.

Tokushima Prefecture
Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県, Tokushima-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi.ma, tokɯ̥.ɕiꜜ.ma, to.kɯ̥.ɕi.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 682,439 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,146 km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the north, Ehime Prefecture to the west, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southwest.

Tokushima is the capital and largest city of Tokushima Prefecture, with other major cities including Anan, Naruto, and Yoshinogawa. Tokushima Prefecture is located on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Wakayama Prefecture on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshu. Tokushima Prefecture is connected to Awaji Island across the Naruto Strait by the Ōnaruto Bridge as part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, connecting the prefecture to the city of Kobe and the San'yō Expressway on Honshu.
Burn Gorman
Burn Hugh Gorman (born 1 September 1974) is an English actor. He is known for his television roles as Owen Harper in the BBC series Torchwood (2006–2008), Karl Tanner in the HBO series Game of Thrones (2013–14), Major Edmund Hewlett in the AMC series Turn: Washington's Spies (2014–2017), 'The Marshal' in the Prime Video series The Man in the High Castle (2015), and Adolphus Murtry in Prime Video series The Expanse (2019). His film roles include Phillip Stryver in Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Hermann Gottlieb in Guillermo del Toro’s Pacific Rim (2013) and its sequel Pacific Rim: Uprising (2018), Commander Hoff in The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes, and Father Damien in Tim Burton's Beetlejuice Beetlejuice (2024).

Turn: Washington's Spies
Turn: Washington's Spies (originally titled Turn and stylized as TURИ: Washington's Spies) is an American period drama television series based on Alexander Rose's book Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring (2007), a history of the Culper Ring. The series originally aired on the AMC network for four seasons, from April 6, 2014, to August 12, 2017.
TUNE! FM
TuneFM  (ACMA callsign: 2UNE) is the University of New England's (UNE) campus radio station, a high power open narrowcasting service operated by UNELife in Armidale, Australia. Founded in 1970, the station is Australia’s oldest university broadcaster, serving UNE’s students, staff, and the broader Armidale community.

Armidale
Armidale is a city in the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. Armidale had a population of 23,967 as of the 2021 census. It is the administrative centre for the Northern Tablelands region. It is approximately halfway between Sydney and Brisbane at the junction of the New England Highway and Waterfall Way.

Armidale is a rural university town, home to the University of New England (UNE). Armidale is located within the New England Renewable Energy Zone, which is expected to bring significant renewable energy development to the area.
2021 Dally M Awards
The 2021 Dally M Awards were presented over two nights at the Howard Smith Wharves in Brisbane on the 20 and 27 September 2021. The first night highlighted the minor awards featured in the Dally M Awards as well as building anticipation for the second night which presented the major awards and the Dally M Medal. They are the official annual awards of the National Rugby League and are named after Dally Messenger.

Dally M Awards
The Dally M Awards are the official annual player awards for the National Rugby League competition. As well as honouring the player of the year, who received the Dally M Medal, awards are also given to the premier player in each position, the best coach, the best captain, representative player of the year and the most outstanding rookie of the season. The awards are named in honour of Australian former rugby league great Herbert Henry "Dally" Messenger.
Tamapahore
Tamapahore was a Māori rangatira (chief) in the Bay of Plenty region and a founding ancestor of the Ngā Pōtiki ā Tamapahore hapū, which is associated with the Ngāi Te Rangi iwi and the Ngāti Awa confederation. He accompanied his brother Rangihouhiri through a period of protracted migration, known as the Te Heke o Te Rangihouhiri. He participated in the conquest of Maketu and, when his brother was killed during the final battle of the war, Poporohuamea, he took over command and led Ngāi Te Rangi to victory. He joined his grand-nephew Kotorerua in the conquest of Mount Maunganui, but quarrelled with him after the battle and led his people away to settle at Papamoa.

Papamoa
Papamoa or Papamoa Beach is a suburb of Tauranga, located about 11 kilometres from the city centre. It is the largest residential suburb in Tauranga. It is bordered to the west by Arataki and Mount Maunganui (east of Sunrise Avenue and Hibiscus Avenue), the east by the Kaituna River (separating it from the Western Bay of Plenty District) and to the south by State Highway 2.

Papamoa has 16 km (9.9 mi) of white sandy beach stretching from the boundary with Mount Maunganui in the west to the Kaituna River in the east.