hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William de Burgh
William de Burgh (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR, French: [dəbuʁ]; Latin: de Burgo; c. 1160–winter 1205/06) was the founder of the House of Burgh (later surnamed Burke or Bourke) in Ireland and elder brother of Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent and Geoffrey de Burgh, Bishop of Ely.
William is often given the epithet, "the conqueror", but is not to be confused with the English king of the same nickname.

Geoffrey de Burgh
Geoffrey de Burgh (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR, French: [dəbuʁ]; c. 1180 – 8 December 1228) was a medieval English cleric who was Archdeacon of Norwich (1200–1225), Bishop of Ely (1215–1219, 1225–1228) and the brother of William de Burgh and Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent.
Barbara Siggers Franklin
Barbara Vernice Franklin (née Siggers; June 29, 1917 – March 7, 1952) was an American gospel singer and pianist, the mother of American singer–songwriter Aretha Franklin and wife of C. L. Franklin, the African-American Baptist minister of New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit.

C. L. Franklin
Clarence LaVaughn Franklin (né Walker; January 22, 1915 – July 27, 1984) was an  American Baptist minister and civil rights activist. Known as the man with the "Million-Dollar Voice", Franklin served as the pastor of New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit from 1946 until 1979, when in a suspected robbery attempt he was shot twice and spent his remaining five years in a coma. Franklin was the father of the American singer and songwriter Aretha Franklin. He was also the father of five other children, including Vaughn Franklin, Erma Franklin, Cecil Franklin, Carolyn Franklin and Carol Ellan.
Oliver/Dawson Saxon
Oliver/Dawson Saxon was an English heavy metal band formed in 1995 by former members of Saxon, guitarist Graham Oliver and bassist Steve Dawson.

Following Steve Dawson's decision to retire from performing in October 2021, Graham Oliver, Gav Coulson and Bri Shaughnessy recruited new bandmembers and chose to continue working together under the new name of 'Graham Oliver's Army'.

Saxon (band)
Saxon are  an English heavy metal band formed in Barnsley in 1975. As leaders of the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM), they had eight UK Top 40 albums during the 1980s including four UK Top 10 albums and two Top 5 albums. They had numerous hit singles on the UK Singles Chart and experienced success all over Europe, South America and Japan, as well as in the United States and Canada.

During the 1980s, Saxon established themselves among Europe's most successful metal acts. The band tours regularly and have sold more than 23 million records worldwide.
Mongol–Langam languages
The Mongol–Langam, Koam, or Ulmapo languages are a language group of Keram Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea belonging to the Ramu language family. Foley (2018) includes them within the Grass languages, but they were not included in Foley (2005).

The Koam languages are spoken next to the Yuat languages, but two groups are unrelated.

Grass languages
The Grass languages are a group of languages in the Ramu language family. It is accepted by Foley (2018), but not by Glottolog. They are spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, with a small number of speakers also located just across the provincial border in Madang Province.
Ebba Stenbock
Ebba Gustavsdotter Stenbock (c. 1550 – 8 March 1614, in Sweden) was a Swedish noble. She led the defense of the stronghold Turku Castle for the loyalists of Sigismund III Vasa during the siege by Charles IX of Sweden in succession of her spouse Clas Eriksson Fleming (1530–1597), governor of Finland. The sister of Queen Katarina Stenbock, she married Clas Eriksson Fleming (1530–1597), governor of Finland, in 1573.

Klaus Fleming
Baron Klaus Eriksson Fleming (Swedish: Clas Eriksson Fleming; 1535 in Pargas – 13 April 1597 in Pohja) was a Finnish-born member of the Swedish nobility and admiral, who played an important role in Finnish and Swedish history during the rise of Sweden as a Great Power. He was a trustee of kings John III and Sigismund Vasa. His wife was Ebba Stenbock.
Haberdashers' Hatcham College
Haberdashers' Hatcham College (formerly Haberdashers' Aske's Hatcham College) is a state secondary school with academy status and a music specialism in New Cross, south-east London. The school was formerly a grammar school, then a comprehensive City Technology College and now an Academy operating between two sites near New Cross Gate.

In 2005 the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers established the Haberdashers' Aske's Academies Federation, which includes HAHC.

School Myths

In the lower site of the school, on Jerningham Road, there is a bell tower. Many students in the school know of a story about a girl called Minnie who hung herself there. Blood was splattered all over the wall and so it was painted red. The bell tower, and the rooms above, are said to be haunted. The entrance is now locked, so no students can enter, but it is located at the end of the balcony overlooking the main hall of the site.

New Cross
New Cross  is an area in south-east London, England, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south-east of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Lewisham and the SE14 postcode district. New Cross is near St Johns, Telegraph Hill, Nunhead, Peckham, Brockley, Deptford and Greenwich. It is home to Goldsmiths, University of London; Haberdashers' Hatcham College, and Addey and Stanhope School.

New Cross Gate, on the west of New Cross, is named after the New Cross tollgate, established in 1718 by the New Cross Turnpike Trust. It is the location of New Cross station and New Cross Gate station. New Cross Gate corresponds to the manor and district formerly known as Hatcham.
Ackermann's formula
In control theory, Ackermann's formula provides a method for designing controllers to achieve desired system behavior by directly calculating the feedback gains needed to place the closed-loop system's poles (eigenvalues) at specific locations (pole allocation problem).

These poles directly influence how the system responds to inputs and disturbances. Ackermann's formula provides a direct way to calculate the necessary adjustments—specifically, the feedback gains—needed to move the system's poles to the target locations. This method, developed by Jürgen Ackermann, is particularly useful for systems that don't change over time (time-invariant systems), allowing engineers to precisely control the system's dynamics, such as its stability and responsiveness.

Full state feedback
Full state feedback (FSF), or pole placement, is a method employed in feedback control system theory to place the closed-loop poles of a plant in predetermined locations in the s-plane.  Placing poles is desirable because the location of the poles corresponds directly to the eigenvalues of the system, which control the characteristics of the response of the system.  The system must be considered controllable in order to implement this method.
Tony Award for Best Costume Design
These are the winners and nominees for the Tony Award for Best Costume Design.  The award was first presented in 1947 and included both plays and musicals. In 1961, and since 2005 the category was divided into Costume Design in a Play and Costume Design in a Musical with each genre receiving its own award.

Tony Award for Best Costume Design in a Play
Tony Award for Best Costume Design in a Play is an award for outstanding costume design of a play. The award was first presented in 1961 after the category of Best Costume Design was divided into Costume Design in a Play and Costume Design in a Musical with each genre receiving its own award.
Lancrans
Lancrans (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃kʁɑ̃]; Arpitan: Lancrens) is a former commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Valserhône. In 1858, Vanchy (renamed Coupy in 1907, merged in 1966 into Bellegarde-sur-Valserine) and Confort separated from Lancrans to form new communes.

Bellegarde-sur-Valserine
Bellegarde-sur-Valserine (French pronunciation: [bɛlɡaʁd syʁ valsəʁin], literally Bellegarde on Valserine; Arpitan: Bèlagouârda) is a former commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Valserhône.
Emma Raducanu
Emma Raducanu (born 13 November 2002) is a British professional tennis player. She has reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 10 by the WTA. Raducanu was the 2021 US Open champion, and she was the first British woman to win a major in singles since Virginia Wade at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. She is currently the British No. 1 in women's singles.

With a wildcard entry at 2021 Wimbledon, ranked outside the world's top 300, she reached the fourth round at her first major tournament. At the 2021 US Open, she became the first qualifier in the Open era to win a singles major title, beating Leylah Fernandez in the final without dropping a set during the tournament. It was the second Grand Slam tournament of her career, and she holds the Open-era record for the fewest majors played before winning a title.

Virginia Wade
Sarah Virginia Wade (born 10 July 1945) is a British former professional tennis player. She won three major tennis singles championships and four major doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all four majors. She was ranked as high as No. 2 in the world in singles, and No. 1 in the world in doubles.

Wade was the most recent British tennis player to win a major singles tournament until Andy Murray won the 2012 US Open, and was the most recent British woman to have won a major singles title until Emma Raducanu won the 2021 US Open. After retiring from competitive tennis, she coached for four years, and has also worked as a tennis commentator and game analyst for the BBC and Eurosport, and (in the US) for CBS.
Twin Cobra
Twin Cobra, known as Kyukyoku Tiger in Japan, is a vertically scrolling shooter developed by Toaplan and released for arcades in 1987 by Taito in Japan and Europe, then in North America by Romstar. It is a sequel to the 1985 arcade game Tiger-Heli. Controlling the titular attack helicopter, the players must fight endless waves of military vehicles while avoiding collision with their projectiles and other obstacles. It was the fourth shoot 'em up game from Toaplan, and their tenth video game overall. It was ported to multiple platforms, with each done by different third-party developers that made several changes or additions.

Twin Cobra was a success for Toaplan, garnering positive reception from western critics and earning several awards from Gamest. The game was met with mixed response from magazines, specifically the home versions. In 1995, the sequel Twin Cobra II was released. The rights to the game are owned by Tatsujin, a Japanese company formed by Masahiro Yuge.

Twin Cobra II
Twin Cobra II is a vertically scrolling shooter arcade video game developed by Takumi Corporation and published in 1995 by Taito in Japan, Asia and Europe. It is the sequel to Twin Cobra from 1987. Taking place after the events of the previous game, players assume the role of two pilots taking control of their respective attack helicopters to overthrow the returning enemy forces.

Twin Cobra II was originally under development by Toaplan but the studio closed down in 1994. Taito allowed Toaplan offshoot Takumi Corporation to finish work on the project as their first release. Initially launched for the arcades, the game was later received a conversion for the Sega Saturn by Naxat Soft and published exclusively in Japan on 18 December 1997 under the name Kyukyoku Tiger II Plus, featuring changes and additions compared with the original version.

Twin Cobra II has been met with mixed critical reception from critics and reviewers alike since its release on the Saturn as an import title.
Inevitable discovery
Inevitable discovery is a doctrine in United States criminal procedure that permits admission of evidence that was obtained through illegal means if it would "inevitably" have been obtained regardless of the illegality. It is one of several exceptions to the exclusionary rule, or the related fruit-of-the-poisonous tree doctrine, which prevent evidence collected in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights from being admitted in court.

Fruit of the poisonous tree
"Fruit of the poisonous tree"  is a legal metaphor used to describe evidence that is obtained illegally. The logic of the terminology is that if the source (the "tree") of the evidence or evidence itself is tainted, then anything gained (the "fruit") from it is tainted as well.
Fort Vredeburg Museum
Fort Vredeburg Museum (Indonesian: Museum Benteng Vredeburg; Javanese: ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦪꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦠꦺꦁꦮ꦳ꦽꦢꦼꦧꦸꦂꦒ꧀, romanized: Musiyum Bètèng Vredeburg) was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The military complex—owned by the Yogyakarta Sultanate, but leased to the central government and managed by an agency of the central government—has been converted into a museum of the Indonesian independence struggle which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and near the Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace).

Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
The Royal Palace of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, Javanese: ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀, romanized: Kraton Ngayogyakarta Adiningrat) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is the seat of the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta and his family. The complex is a center of Javanese culture and contains a museum displaying royal artifacts. It is guarded by the Yogyakarta Kraton Guards (Indonesian: Prajurit Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat).
Germani cisrhenani
The Germani cisrhenani (Latin cis-rhenanus "on this side of the Rhine", referring to the Roman or western side), or "Left bank Germani", were a group of Germanic peoples who lived west of the Lower Rhine at the time of the Gallic Wars in the mid-1st century BC.

These Germani were first described by Julius Caesar, who was writing specifically about tribes near the Meuse river, who had settled among the Belgae before Roman intrusion into the area. Tribes who Caesar named as being among the Germani cisrhenani included the Eburones, the Condrusi, the Caeraesi, the Segni and the Paemani.

Tacitus, writing around 100 AD when the region had been part of the Roman Empire, referred to these Germani next, saying that they were by his time called the Tungri. The "Germani" name had by this time become a term used more commonly to refer to many other peoples.

Paemani
The Paemani (also Poemani or Caemani) were a small  Belgic-Germanic tribe dwelling in Gallia Belgica during the Iron Age. Their ethnic identity remains uncertain. Caesar described them as part of the Germani Cisrhenani, but a number of scholars have argued that their name may be of Celtic origin. Like other Germani Cisrhenani tribes, it is possible that their old Germanic endonym came to be abandoned after a tribal reorganization, that they received their names from their Celtic neighbours, or else that they were fully or partially assimilated to Celtic culture at the time of the Roman invasion of the region in 57 BC.
Listen to the River: St. Louis '71 '72 '73
Listen to the River: St. Louis '71 '72 '73 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  Packaged as a box set, it contains seven complete concerts on 20 CDs.  The concerts were performed in St. Louis, Missouri in December 1971, October 1972, and October 1973.  The box set also includes an 84-page hardcover book.  It was released on October 8, 2021, in a limited edition of 13,000 numbered copies.

The December 10, 1971 concert included in Listen to the River was also released on October 1, 2021 as a stand-alone three-CD album called Fox Theatre, St. Louis, MO 12-10-71.  Additionally, part of the second set of the October 18, 1972 show was released on October 1 as a two-disc LP called Light into Ashes.

Fox Theatre, St. Louis, MO 12-10-71
Fox Theatre, St. Louis, MO 12-10-71 is a live album by the Grateful Dead.  As the title suggests, it was recorded at the Fox Theatre in St. Louis, Missouri on December 10, 1971. It was released as a three-disc CD and digitally on October 1, 2021, and as a five-disc LP on November 19, 2021.

The same recording was released on October 8, 2021, as part of the seven-concert, 20-CD box set Listen to the River: St. Louis '71 '72 '73.

At the December 10, 1971 concert, and at the other shows on this tour, the opening act was the New Riders of the Purple Sage.
Tata Communications
Tata Communications Limited (previously known as Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) is an Indian telecommunications company. It was a government-owned telecommunications service provider before being sold to the Tata Group in 2002 under the Third Vajpayee ministry government.

The company provides network services and software-defined network platforms, such as Ethernet, SD-WAN, content delivery networks (CDNs), the internet, etc. It is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.

Tata Group
The Tata Group (/ˈtɑːtɑː/) is an Indian  multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1868, it is India's largest business conglomerate.

Tata Group comprises numerous affiliate companies, with Tata Sons as the holding company and promoter. As of August 2025, there are 29 publicly listed affiliate companies, with a combined market capitalisation of ₹37.84 trillion (US$446 billion).
SS Washington
SS Washington was a 24,189-ton luxury liner of the United States Lines, named after the US capital city. On 6 June 1941, the Washington was commissioned as the troopship USS Mount Vernon. In 1947 one deck was restored to prewar condition and the ship resumed commercial service. In 1951 the ship was again used by the U.S. Government transporting soldiers and their families. The ship was laid up in 1953 and scrapped in 1965.

USS Mount Vernon (AP-22)
USS Mount Vernon (AP-22) was a troop transport that served with the United States Navy during World War II. Prior to her military service, she was a luxury ocean liner named SS Washington.

Washington was launched in May 1933 by the New York Shipbuilding Company of Camden, New Jersey, and operated as a passenger liner from New York City to Plymouth, England, and Hamburg, Germany. Renamed Mount Vernon 6 June 1941, the liner was acquired by the Navy 16 June 1941 and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard the same day, Captain Donald B. Beary in command.

Converted for naval use by Philadelphia Navy Yard, Mount Vernon trained along the east coast while mounting tension in the Far East drew the United States toward participation in World War II.
Quiz league
A quiz league is an organization running quizzes on a home and away basis, usually in pubs. Like the pub quiz, it is chiefly a British phenomenon although the format has significant differences to a pub quiz due to the usual number of teams (two) and the presence of individual questions.

Pub quiz
A pub quiz is a quiz held in a pub or bar. These events are also called quiz nights, trivia nights, or bar trivia and may be held in other settings. The pub quiz is a modern example of a pub game, and often attempts to lure customers to the establishment on quieter days. The pub quiz has become part of British culture since its popularization in the UK in the 1970s by Burns and Porter, although the first mentions in print can be traced to 1959. It then became a staple in Irish pub culture, and its popularity has continued to spread internationally. Although different pub quizzes can cover a range of formats and topics, they have many features in common. Most quizzes have a limited number of team members, offer prizes for winning teams, and distinguish rounds by category or theme.
Major League Umpires Association
The Major League Umpires Association (MLUA) was a union for the umpires of both the American League and the National League. It was formed in 1970. It was decertified and replaced by the World Umpires Association (now the Major League Baseball Umpires Association), which became the bargaining agent for MLB umpires before the 2000 season.

Major League Baseball Umpires Association
The Major League Baseball Umpires Association (MLBUA) is an organization of Major League Baseball (MLB) umpires. It was certified by the National Labor Relations Board on February 24, 2000, as the World Umpires Association (WUA) as a bargaining agent. It took over as the bargaining agent for MLB umpires after the 2000 MLB season, replacing the Major League Umpires Association (MLUA), which dated back to 1970, and has since been responsible for defending their personnel since.  On July 17, 2018, it rebranded itself as the Major League Baseball Umpires Association.
Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.

Diocese of York
The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. It covers the city of York, the eastern part of North Yorkshire, and most of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The diocese is headed by the archbishop of York and its cathedral is York Minster. The diocese is divided into three archdeaconries of Cleveland in the north (with a Bishop of Whitby), the East Riding (with a Bishop of Hull), and in the south-west the Archdeaconry of York (with a bishop of Selby).

The diocese was once much larger, covering Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire and parts of Northumberland, Lancashire, Cumberland and Westmorland.
Vernie Bennett
Vernett "Vernie" Bennett (born 17 May 1971) is an English singer. She is a founding member of R&B girl group Eternal, with her sister Easther Bennett also a member. The original line up included Kéllé Bryan and Louise Nurding.

Eternal were formed in 1992 and originally consisted of the Bennett sisters, Kéllé Bryan, and Louise Nurding (now known as Louise Redknapp). They became a trio in 1995 when Nurding quit the group to start a solo career, and a duo in 1998 when Bryan was controversially dismissed. The group eventually disbanded in 2000 after selling 10 million records worldwide. After the split, Vernie went back to university to complete her law degree and has since settled down to family life with her husband and two children. She has occasionally appeared on British television shows, both as a presenter and as a guest.

Kéllé Bryan
Kéllé Bryan (born 12 March 1975) is an English singer and actress. Known as one of the founding members of girl group Eternal, she sold more than 10 million records and achieved the UK number-one single, "I Wanna Be the Only One" alongside BeBe Winans.

When Bryan was 11, she joined the Italia Conti Academy school where she trained eight years of performing arts and later qualified as a dance teacher. She met friend and future bandmate Louise Redknapp (née Nurding) during her studies. The two would form the girl group Eternal along with Vernie Bennett and her younger sister, Easther.

During her time being in the group, she attained three UK top-ten albums. In 2018, she began portraying the role of Martine Deveraux in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, a role she played until 2022. In 2019, she became part of the Loose Women panel. In October 2020, Bryan, Charlene White, Brenda Edwards and Judi Love became the first all-Black panel in the show's history.