hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brooklands
Brooklands was a 2.767-mile (4.453 km) motor racing circuit and aerodrome built near Weybridge in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. It opened in 1907 and was the world's first purpose-built 'banked' motor racing circuit as well as one of Britain's first airfields, which also became Britain's largest aircraft manufacturing centre by 1918, producing military aircraft such as the Wellington and civil airliners like the Viscount and VC10.

The circuit hosted its last race in August 1939 and today part of it forms the Brooklands Museum, a major aviation and motoring museum, as well as a venue for vintage car, motorcycle and other transport-related events.

Brooklands Museum
Brooklands Museum is a motoring and aviation museum occupying part of the former Brooklands Motor Course in Weybridge, Surrey, England.

Formally opened in 1991, the museum is operated by the independent Brooklands Museum Trust Ltd, a private limited company (No.02109945) and a registered UK charity (No.296661); its aim is to conserve, protect and interpret the heritage of the Brooklands site.
Glen Arbor Township, Michigan
Glen Arbor Township is a civil township of Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 757 at the 2020 census. However, the population of the town expands rapidly during the summer months as a result of it being a summer colony.

The community of Glen Arbor, which is considered a census-designated place for statistical purposes, is located in the township.  South Manitou Island is politically part of the township.

Leelanau County, Michigan
Leelanau County (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,301. Since 2008, the county seat has been located within Suttons Bay Township, one mile east of the unincorporated village of Lake Leelanau. Before 2008, Leelanau County's seat was Leland. Leelanau County is included in the Traverse City metropolitan area of Northern Michigan. The largest settlement in Leelanau County by population is Greilickville, itself a suburb of Traverse City.

Leelanau County is coterminous with the Leelanau Peninsula, a roughly triangular-shaped peninsula that extends about 30 miles (50 km) off Michigan's Lower Peninsula into Lake Michigan. East of Leelanau County is Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.

In 2011, the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, located in the county, won the title of "Most Beautiful Place in America" in a poll by morning news show Good Morning America.
Finland men's national ice hockey team
The Finnish men's national ice hockey team, nicknamed Leijonat / Lejonen ("The Lions" in Finnish and Swedish), is governed by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association. Finland is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in the world and a member of the so-called "Big Six", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, the United States, Czechia, Russia, and Sweden.

Finland won the world championship in 2022, their fourth title after 1995, 2011 and 2019. A duo of silver medals (1988, 2006) remained the country's best Olympic result until 2022 when the Finns won their first Olympic gold after defeating Russia. At the Canada/World Cup, their best achievement is a silver medal which they won in 2004.

Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics took place in Beijing, China between 9 and 20 February 2022. Twelve countries qualified for the tournament; eight of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, China, automatically qualified as hosts, while the three others took part in a qualification tournament.

Russia, which competed under the banner of "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) in 2018, then under the name of the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) in this 2022 tournament, were the defending champions.

Finland won its first-ever ice hockey Olympic gold medal after going undefeated and beating the Russian Olympic Committee team in the final.

Slovakia claimed its first-ever ice hockey medal at the Olympics after defeating Sweden 4–0 and finishing third.

For the first time in history, the Czech Republic did not qualify for the quarterfinals and finished in ninth place, their worst placement in history.
Carbon dioxide sensor
A carbon dioxide sensor or CO2 sensor is an instrument for the measurement of carbon dioxide gas. The most common principles for CO2 sensors are infrared gas sensors (NDIR) and chemical gas sensors. Measuring carbon dioxide is important in monitoring indoor air quality, the function of the lungs in the form of a capnograph device, and many industrial processes.

Nondispersive infrared sensor
A nondispersive infrared sensor (or NDIR sensor) is a simple spectroscopic sensor often used as a gas detector. It is non-dispersive in the sense that no dispersive element (e.g., a prism, or diffraction grating, as is often present in other spectrometers) is used to separate (like a monochromator) the broadband light into a narrow spectrum suitable for gas sensing. The majority of NDIR sensors use a broadband lamp source and an optical filter to select a narrow band spectral region that correspond to the absorption region of the gas of interest. In this context, the narrow band can be 50-300 nm bandwidth. Modern NDIR sensors may use microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) or mid IR LED sources, with or without an optical filter.
Alan Herries Wilson
Sir Alan Herries Wilson FRS (2 July 1906 – 30 September 1995), was a British mathematical physicist and industrialist. He developed the electronic band structure theory of solids to distinguish between conductors, insulator and semiconductors. After World War II, he left academic research to pursue a career in industry.

Electronic band structure
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).

Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical wave functions for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).
Bruce Bolling
Bruce Carlton Bolling (April 29, 1945 – September 11, 2012) was a politician and businessman in  Boston, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Boston City Council and served as the council's first black president in the mid-1980s. He unsuccessfully ran for mayor of Boston in 1993.

1993 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1993 occurred on Tuesday, November 2, 1993, between Acting Mayor Thomas Menino and State Representative James T. Brett. Menino was elected to his first term.

This early election came just two years after the prior mayoral election (1991. This was because Raymond Flynn, who had been mayor of Boston since 1984, resigned as mayor to become United States ambassador to the Holy See. Following Flynn's resignation in July 1993, Boston City Council president Menino became acting mayor until a permanent successor to Flynn would be elected.

The nonpartisan municipal preliminary election was held on September 21, 1993.

Menino became the city's first Italian American mayor and the first mayor not of Irish descent since 1930.
Length of a Weyl group element
In mathematics, the length of an element w in a Weyl group W, denoted by l(w), is the smallest number k so that w is a product of k reflections by simple roots. (So, the notion depends on the choice of a positive Weyl chamber.) In particular, a simple reflection has length one. The function l is then an integer-valued function of W; it is a length function of W. It follows immediately from the definition that l(w−1) = l(w) and that l(ww'−1) ≤ l(w) + l(w' ).

Weyl group
In mathematics, in particular the theory of Lie algebras, the Weyl group (named after Hermann Weyl) of a root system Φ is a subgroup of the isometry group of that root system. Specifically, it is the subgroup which is generated by reflections through the hyperplanes orthogonal to at least one of the roots, and as such is a finite reflection group. In fact it turns out that most finite reflection groups are Weyl groups. Abstractly, Weyl groups are finite Coxeter groups, and are important examples of these.

The Weyl group of a semisimple Lie group, a semisimple Lie algebra, a semisimple linear algebraic group, etc. is the Weyl group of the root system of that group or algebra.
Buffalo and Black Rock Railroad
The Buffalo and Black Rock Railroad was a railway company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1833 and opened a horsecar line between Buffalo, New York, and Black Rock, New York, in 1834. Often considered a predecessor of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad, the two operated side-by-side into the 1850s, when the former ceased operation.

Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad
The Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad was a part of the New York Central Railroad system, connecting Buffalo, New York to Niagara Falls. It is still used by CSX for freight and Amtrak for passenger service.
Robert J. Lombardo
Robert Joseph Lombardo C.F.R. (born September 4, 1957) is an American Catholic prelate who has served as auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Chicago in Illinois since 2020. He is the founder and a member of the Community of Franciscan Friars of the Renewal (C.F.R.)

Franciscan Friars of the Renewal
The Franciscan Friars of the Renewal (Latin: Fratres Franciscani a Renovatione; Abbreviation: CFR) is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men founded in 1987. It follows the Capuchin Franciscan tradition.

Originally formed as a mendicant congregation in the Archdiocese of New York, it has been recognized under pontifical right since 2016. A parallel community known as the Franciscan Sisters of the Renewal was established in 1988.
Ryo Hirakawa
Ryo Hirakawa (Japanese: 平川 亮, Hepburn: Hirakawa Ryō; born 7 March 1994) is a Japanese racing driver who is currently competing for Toyota Gazoo Racing in the FIA World Endurance Championship. He was Super GT GT500 champion in 2017, and finished runner-up in Super Formula in 2020. He has competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship in the Hypercar class since 2022, winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in his debut season and the championship title in 2022 and 2023 alongside co-drivers Sébastien Buemi and Brendon Hartley. Hirakawa is also signed to Haas F1 Team as a reserve driver for the 2025 Formula One season.

Haas F1 Team
Haas Formula LLC, competing as TGR Haas F1 Team, is an American-licensed Formula One (F1) racing team established by NASCAR Cup Series team owner Gene Haas in April 2014. The team made its debut in the 2016 season. The team principal is Ayao Komatsu, who replaced Guenther Steiner who served in the role from the team's inception until his resignation in January 2024.

Haas is headquartered in Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States, 31 mi (50 km) from Charlotte, alongside sister team and NASCAR entrant Haas Factory Team, although the two teams are separate entities. The team also established a forward base in Banbury, England, to turn cars around between races during the European part of the calendar.  The team maintains a design office in Maranello, which is also home to Scuderia Ferrari's headquarters.
VA Medical Center station (Metro Transit)
VA Medical Center station is a light rail station on the Blue Line on Fort Snelling in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota.

This station is on the northwest corner of the intersection of Minnehaha Avenue with the entrance to the Minneapolis VAHCS Medical Center. A center-platform station, it entered service when the Blue Line opened on June 26, 2004.

North of the station, between it and the 50th Street/Minnehaha Park station, the Blue Line leaves Minnesota State Highway 55 and travels down the center of Minnehaha Avenue for two blocks.

Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System
The Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VAHCS) is network of hospital and outpatient clinics based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It belongs to the VISN23 VA Midwest Health Care Network managed by the Veterans Health Administration of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Minneapolis VAHCS provides healthcare for United States military veterans in areas such as medicine, surgery, psychiatry, physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, oncology, dentistry, geriatrics and extended care. As a teaching hospital, it operates comprehensive training programs for multiple treatment specialties. The Minneapolis VAHCS also hosts one of the largest research programs of any VA health care system and maintains research affiliations with the University of Minnesota.
Tiritiri Matangi Island
Tiritiri Matangi Island is located in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand, 3.4 km (2.1 mi) east of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula in the North Island and 30 km (19 mi) north east of Auckland. The 2.2 km2 (1 sq mi) island is an open nature reserve managed by the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Incorporated, under the supervision of the Department of Conservation and is noted for its bird life, including takahē, North Island kōkako and kiwi. It attracts between 30,000 and 32,000 visitors a year, the latter figure being the maximum allowed by the Auckland Conservation Management Strategy.

The name, Māori for "tossed by the wind", is often popularly shortened to Tiritiri. Māori mythology considers the island to be a float of an ancestral fishing net.

Hauraki Gulf
The Hauraki Gulf (Māori: Tīkapa Moana) is a coastal feature of the North Island of New Zealand. It has an area of 4000 km2, and lies between, in anticlockwise order, the Auckland Region, the Hauraki Plains, the Coromandel Peninsula, and Great Barrier Island. Most of the gulf is part of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park.

Hauraki is Māori for north wind. In 2014, the gulf was officially named Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the mournful sea" for Tīkapa Moana.  In traditional legend, the Hauraki Gulf is protected by a taniwha named Ureia, who takes the form of a whale.
Banca Teatina
Banca Teatina S.p.A. formerly known as Nuova Cassa di Risparmio di Chieti S.p.A. was an Italian savings bank headquartered in Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Abruzzo region. The bank was formed on 22 November 2015 to replace the old Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia di Chieti S.p.A. which was under special administration from 2014 to 2015.  The bank was bought by UBI Banca on 18 January 2017 for a nominal fee. Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia di Chieti S.p.A. was the successor of the bank that known as "Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia di Chieti", which was under legal reconstruction in the 1990s. The former legal entity of "Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia di Chieti" became Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia di Chieti, which was the majority shareholder of the S.p.A. before its failure in 2015.

Banca Caripe
Banca Caripe S.p.A. was an Italian saving bank based in Pescara, Abruzzo Region. There were 13 branches of the bank outside the Province of Pescara in Abruzzo and Marche regions, out of 48 total. In 2016 the bank was absorbed by the parent company Banca Popolare di Bari, but retaining as brand.
Atego (company)
Atego was a software development corporation headquartered in the United States and the United Kingdom with subsidiaries in France, Germany, and Italy. Formed from  Interactive Development Environments, Inc. and Thomson Software Products, it was called Aonix from 1996 until 2010. It was acquired by PTC in 2014.

PTC Inc.
PTC Inc. (formerly Parametric Technology Corporation) is an American computer software and services company founded in 1985 and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The company was a pioneer in parametric, associative feature-based, solid computer-aided design (CAD) modeling software in 1988, including an Internet-based product for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in 1998. PTC (NASDAQ: PTC) markets products and services and an Internet of Things (IoT) and augmented reality (AR) platform for partners and developers.
Harley Cameron
Danielle Glanville is an Australian professional wrestler, singer, and model. She is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where she performs under the ring name Harley Cameron. She is the inaugural and current one-half of the AEW Women's World Tag Team Champions with Willow Nightingale as The Babes Of Wrath.

AEW Women's World Tag Team Championship
The AEW Women's World Tag Team Championship is a women's professional wrestling world tag team championship created and promoted by the American promotion All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The title was established on September 24, 2025. The current champions are Babes of Wrath (Harley Cameron and Willow Nightingale), who defeated Timeless Love Bombs ("Timeless" Toni Storm and Mina Shirakawa) in a tournament final to become the inaugural champions at Dynamite: Winter Is Coming on December 10, 2025.
Ty Gibbs
Tyler Randall Gibbs (born October 4, 2002) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 54 Toyota Camry XSE for Joe Gibbs Racing. Gibbs was the 2022 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion and 2021 ARCA Menards Series champion. He is the grandson of former NFL Hall-of-Famer and NASCAR team owner Joe Gibbs. He is also the owner of JGR's No. 54 in the O'Reilly Auto Parts Series.

Coy Gibbs
Coy Randall Gibbs (December 9, 1972 – November 6, 2022) was an American racing driver, assistant coach with the Washington Redskins, and co-owner of Joe Gibbs Racing. He was the son of Joe Gibbs, five-time NASCAR Cup Series championship-winning owner and Pro Football Hall of Famer.
Greg O'Connor (politician)
Gregory Eamon O'Connor (born 12 May 1958) is a New Zealand Labour Party politician and former police officer.  He is the Second Assistant Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives, and has served as the Member of Parliament for Ōhāriu since the 2017 general election.

Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
In New Zealand, the speaker of the House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House (Māori: te mana whakawā o te Whare), is the presiding officer and highest authority of the New Zealand House of Representatives. The individual who holds the position is elected by members of the House from among their number in the first session after each general election. They hold one of the highest-ranking offices in New Zealand. The current Speaker is Gerry Brownlee, who was elected on 5 December 2023.

The speaker's role – similar to that of  speakers in other countries that use the Westminster system – involves presiding over debates by determining who may speak, maintaining order during debate, and disciplining members who break the rules of the House. Aside from duties relating to presiding over the House, the speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains a member of Parliament (MP).
Weywot
Weywot (formal designation (50000) Quaoar I) is the only confirmed moon of the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet Quaoar. It was discovered by Michael Brown and Terry-Ann Suer using images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope on 14 February 2006. It is named after the Tongva sky god and son of Quaoar. Weywot is about 165 km (103 mi) in diameter and orbits Quaoar every 12.4 days at an average distance of 13,300 km (8,300 mi). Weywot is thought to play a role in maintaining Quaoar's outer ring by gravitationally influencing it in an orbital resonance.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
Cadaver Synod
The Cadaver Synod (also called the Cadaver Trial; Latin: Synodus Horrenda) is the name commonly given to the ecclesiastical trial of Pope Formosus, who had been dead for about nine months, in the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome during January 897. The trial was conducted by Pope Stephen VI, the successor to Formosus's successor, Pope Boniface VI. Stephen had Formosus's corpse exhumed and brought to the papal court for judgment. He accused Formosus of perjury, of having acceded to the papacy illegally, and illegally presiding over more than one diocese at the same time. At the end of the trial, Formosus was pronounced guilty, and his papacy retroactively declared null.

Pope Formosus
Pope Formosus (c. 816 – 896) was the pope and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 891 until his death on 4 April 896. His reign as Pope was troubled, marked by interventions in power struggles over the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Kingdom of West Francia, and the Holy Roman Empire. Because he sided with Arnulf of Carinthia against Lambert of Spoleto, Formosus's remains were exhumed and put on trial in the Cadaver Synod. Several of his immediate successors were primarily preoccupied by the controversial legacy of his pontificate, noting his desertion from the diocese in Portus to pursue personal ambition in Rome. Formosus was seen as failing to uphold the ideals of the Church, which is why Stephen VI judged him for moving into an elevated role while holding another. Due to these controversies, no other pope has ever taken on the papal name Formosus.
Robert W. Saunders Sr. Public Library
The Robert W. Saunders Sr. Public Library is a member of the Tampa-Hillsborough County Public Library System (THPL) and the Hillsborough County Public Library Cooperative (HCPLC). Located on 1505 Nebraska Avenue in Tampa, Florida, the 26,244 square foot library is one of only two African-American research libraries in Florida.  The library features art and history displays about African Americans in Tampa.

Tampa–Hillsborough County Public Library System
The Tampa–Hillsborough County Public Library System (THPL) is a public library system based in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The THPL is a department of the Hillsborough County government.

There are 33 branches of the Hillsborough County Public Library Cooperative. The library system circulates 3.5 million physical items and 2.3 million virtual items annually. It is part of two larger library networks, the Tampa Bay Library Consortium, and the Hillsborough County Public Library Cooperative, which includes Temple Terrace Public Library in Temple Terrace, and Bruton Memorial Library in Plant City.
Banka district
Banka district (/ˈbɑːŋkə/) is a district in the southeastern region of the Indian state of Bihar. It is a part of Bhagalpur division. The district headquarters of Banka is situated in Banka town. The district was established on 21 February 1991.

Bhagalpur division
Bhagalpur division is one of the nine administrative units of Bihar, a state in the east of India. Bhagalpur city is the headquarters of the division, which was established in 1829 and is the oldest division of the state.