hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sicilian Mafia Commission
The Sicilian Mafia Commission (Italian: Commissione provinciale), known as Commissione or Cupola, is a body of leading Sicilian Mafia members who decide on important questions concerning the actions of, and settling disputes within the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra. It is composed of representatives of a mandamento (a district of three geographically contiguous Mafia families) who are called capo mandamento or rappresentante. The Commission is not a central government of the Mafia, but a representative mechanism for consultation of independent Mafia families who decide by consensus. Its primary role is to keep the use of violence among families within limits tolerable to the public and political authorities.

Mandamento (Sicilian Mafia)
Within the Cosa Nostra, a mandamento is traditionally a district of three geographically contiguous Mafia cosche, which are families controlling a single land feud, or a city ward, in Sicily. A capomandamento represents the head of a territory, the mandamento, and is usually entitled to be part of the provincial Mafia Commission.
Leslie Wilkinson
Leslie Wilkinson OBE, FRAIA, ARIBA (12 October 1882 – 20 September 1973) was a UK-born Australian architect and academic. He was the founding dean of the faculty of architecture at University of Sydney in 1920 to 1947. A traditionalist, he is known for residential and church architecture.

Australian Institute of Architects
The Australian Institute of Architects, officially the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (abbreviated as RAIA), is Australia's professional body for architects. Its members use the post-nominals FRAIA (Fellow), ARAIA (Associate Member) and RAIA (Member, also the organisation's abbreviation). The Institute supports 14,000 members across Australia, including 550 Australian members who are based in architectural roles across 40 countries outside Australia. SONA (Student Organised Network for Architecture) is the national student-membership body of the Australian Institute of Architects. EmAGN (Emerging Architects and Graduates Network) represents architectural professionals within 15 years of graduation, as part of the Australian Institute of Architects.
Barkhausen–Kurz tube
The Barkhausen–Kurz tube, also called the retarding-field tube, reflex triode, B–K oscillator, and Barkhausen oscillator,   was a high frequency vacuum tube electronic oscillator invented in 1920 by German physicists Heinrich Georg Barkhausen and Karl Kurz.  It was the first oscillator that could produce radio power in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) portion of the radio spectrum, above 300 MHz.  It was also the first oscillator to exploit electron transit time effects.  It was used as a source of high frequency radio waves in research laboratories, and in a few UHF radio transmitters through World War 2.  Its output power was low, which limited its applications.   However it inspired research that led to other more successful transit time tubes such as the klystron, which made the low power Barkhausen-Kurz tube obsolete.

Heinrich Barkhausen
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen (2 December 1881 – 20 February 1956) was a German physicist who established an influential research laboratory in Dresden. The phenomenon by which ferromagnetic domains align during magnetization and produce discrete acoustic changes due to rotations of the Weiss domains is named after his observations as the magnetic Barkhausen effect. He is also remembered in the Barkhausen criteria for electrical oscillators.
Ladimir Kwiatkowski
Ladimir Kwiatkowski (July 13, 1928 – March 2, 1994), better known as Ladmo, was an American television personality who co-hosted The Wallace and Ladmo Show, a daily children's variety show broadcast on KPHO in Phoenix, Arizona. The program featured clowns, cartoons and short comedy skits.

The Wallace and Ladmo Show
The Wallace and Ladmo Show, also known as It's Wallace and Wallace & Company, is a children's television show produced by and aired on KPHO-TV (Channel 5) in Phoenix, Arizona, from April 1, 1954, to December 29, 1989. For most of its 35-year run, it was broadcast in the afternoon, Monday through Friday, and usually live.
Lee Woo-jung
Lee Woo-jung (Korean: 이우정; born 1976) is a South Korean television screenwriter. She is best known for writing the tvN television dramas Reply series: Reply 1997 (2012), Reply 1994 (2013) and Reply 1988 (2015–2016). She also wrote the popular variety-reality shows 2 Days & 1 Night, Qualifications of Men, Grandpas Over Flowers, Sisters Over Flowers, Youth Over Flowers, and Three Meals a Day.

She was given a presidential commendation for her work on Grandpas Over Flowers at the 2013 Korea Content Awards, which praised her for its depiction of "four elderly backpackers with humor and warmth."

Reply (TV series)
Reply (Korean: 응답하라) is a South Korean anthology television series directed by Shin Won-ho with teleplay by Lee Woo-jung that premiered in 2012 on cable network tvN. It revolves around a group of friends, as the timeline moves back and forth between their past and present selves.

The series received acclaim from critics for its performances, direction, screenplay and soundtrack in addition to being a well-researched production. It has also recorded consistent high audience ratings with Reply 1988 peaking at 18.8% nationwide, making it the highest rated drama in Korean cable television history at the time of airing.
Mike Hopkins (basketball)
Michael Griffith Hopkins (born August 6, 1969) is an American professional basketball coach who is an assistant coach and the head of player development for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Previously, he was a longtime assistant at Syracuse University before taking over as a college basketball head coach for University of Washington from 2017 until 2024. He spent one season as an assistant coach for the Phoenix Suns from 2024 to 2025.

The 6-foot-5 Hopkins, from Laguna Hills, California, was a fan favorite during his playing days at Syracuse, known for his all-out hustle and general scrappy play.

Laguna Hills, California
Laguna Hills (/ləˈɡuːnə/ luh-GOO-nuh; laguna being Spanish for 'lagoon') is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. Its name refers to its proximity to Laguna Canyon and the much older Laguna Beach. Other newer cities nearby—Laguna Niguel and Laguna Woods—are similarly named. The population was 31,374 at the 2020 census.
Bynea
Bynea (/ˈbɪnjə/ BIN-yə; pronunciationⓘ; sometimes Welsh: Bynie) is a village close to the River Loughor (Welsh: Afon Llwchwr) in Carmarthenshire, Wales. It also forms an electoral ward for the purposes of elections to Carmarthenshire County Council, and is situated in Berwig Hamlet. It borders with the villages of Llwynhendy, Bryn, Pen-y-graig and Loughor.

It has no shops and is governed by the Bynea District Forum.

Llwynhendy
Llwynhendy (sometimes spelled Llwyn-Hendy), is a village and ward near the town of Llanelli in Carmarthenshire, Wales. The ward, which includes the village, as well as Cefncaeau, parts of Cwmcarnhywel and parts of Bryn and Penceilogi, had a population of 4,276.

It is bordered by Bynea, Cwmcarnhywel, Cefncaeau and Pen-y-graig. It is an old village with strong industrial roots. The (now closed) steel-works in nearby Bynea was a major employer until the decline of the steel industry. The village is 50 ft above sea level and is based around the Nant Caerhuan that finds its source in nearby Gelli Farm, Bryn, Llanelli.
The nearby Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust site in the old Penclacwydd farm near the village is the only wetland wildlife trust centre in the whole of Wales.
Gayatri River
The Gayatri River is a tributary of the Krishna River in western Maharashtra, India. It rises in Panchaganga temple in old Mahableshwar, a hill station in the Western Ghats.

The river meets the Krishna River, which is one of the three largest rivers in southern India by Karad. The river is small and is slow-flowing.

Mahabaleshwar
Mahabaleshwar (pronunciationⓘ) is a small town and a municipal council in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. It is a place of pilgrimage because the Krishna River, which considered sacred by Hindus, has its origin here along with five of its tributaries. The British colonial rulers developed the town as a hill station, and it served as the summer capital of the Bombay Presidency during the colonial rule.
Mixe–Zoque languages
The Mixe–Zoque /ˌmiːheɪˈsoʊkeɪ/ (also Mixe–Zoquean, Mije–Soke, Mije–Sokean) languages are a language family whose living members are spoken in and around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. The Mexican government recognizes three distinct Mixe–Zoquean languages as official: Mixe or ayook with 188,000 speakers, Zoque  or o'de püt with 88,000 speakers, and the Popoluca languages of which some are Mixean and some Zoquean with 69,000 speakers. However, the internal diversity in each of these groups is great. Glottolog counts 19 different languages, whereas the current classification of Mixe–Zoquean languages by Wichmann (1995) counts 12 languages and 11 dialects. Extinct languages classified as Mixe–Zoquean include Tapachultec, formerly spoken in Tapachula, along the southeast coast of Chiapas.

Oluta Popoluca
Oluta Popoluca also called Olutec is a moribund Mixe–Zoquean language of the Mixean branch spoken by a few elderly people in the town of Oluta in Southern Veracruz, Mexico.

77 self-reported speaking Oluteco in a 2020 census,
but a count published in 2018 found only one remaining speaker.
Tranquebar Mission
The Tranquebar Mission (Danish: Trankebarmissionen; Tamil: தரங்கம்பாடி பணி) was established in 1706 by two German missionaries from Halle namely, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and Heinrich Plütschau. Ziegenbalg and Plütschau responded to the appeal of King Frederick IV of Denmark to establish a mission for the natives, living in the Danish East India Company colony of Tranquebar. The mission was responsible for the printing and publication of the Bible in the Tamil language. In 2006, the 300 years anniversary of the mission was celebrated by the Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church (TELC), with many international delegates in attendance. A monument to acknowledge 300 years of the mission was raised by the TELC on this occasion.

Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg (24 June 1683 – 23 February 1719) was a German Lutheran missionary and the first Pietist missionary to India. Sent under the patronage of Frederick IV of Denmark, he co-founded the Danish-Halle Mission in Tranquebar (present-day Tharangambadi, Tamil Nadu) with Heinrich Plütschau in 1706. Ziegenbalg is noted for producing the first complete translation of the New Testament into Tamil, for introducing the printing press to Protestant mission work in India, and for promoting Tamil literature and education.
Old Man Logan
Old Man Logan is an alternative version of the superhero Wolverine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. This character is an aged version of Wolverine set in an alternate future universe in which the supervillains overthrew the superheroes. Created by writer Mark Millar and artist Steve McNiven, the character first appeared in a storyline of the same name, which ran in Wolverine (Vol 3) #66–72 (June 2008 – June 2009) and which concluded in Wolverine Giant-Size Old Man Logan #1 (November 2009).

After the 2014 "Death of Wolverine" storyline, Laura Kinney took the Wolverine mantle but an Old Man Logan from the similar alternate universe was brought in to serve as an X-Man, and featured in his own ongoing series.

Old Man Logan was one of the inspirations for the 2017 film Logan, starring Hugh Jackman as the title character. The character later made a cameo appearance as Old Man Logan in the 2024 Marvel Cinematic Universe film Deadpool & Wolverine.

Wolverine (comic book)
Wolverine is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics starring the X-Men character Wolverine. As of April 2013, 323 issues and 11 annuals have been published. It is the original flagship title created for the character.
Red Vienna
Red Vienna (German: Rotes Wien) was the colloquial name for the capital of Austria between 1918 and 1934, during which the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (SDAP) maintained near-total political control over Vienna (and for a short time, over Austria as a whole). During this time, the SDAP pursued a rigorous program of construction projects across the city in response to severe housing shortages. This involved implementing policies to improve public education, healthcare, and sanitation, while attempting to create the architectural foundation for a new socialist lifestyle.

The collapse of the First Austrian Republic in 1934 after the suspension of the Nationalrat by Bundeskanzler Engelbert Dollfuß a year earlier, and the subsequent banning of the SDAP in Austria, brought an end to the period of the first socialist project in Vienna. Many of the housing complexes built during this period, known in German as Gemeindebauten, still survive today.

First Austrian Republic
The First Austrian Republic (German: Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the authoritarian Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland Front in 1934. The Republic's constitution was enacted on 1 October 1920 and amended on 7 December 1929. The republican period was increasingly marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War of 1934.
W. E. W. Petter
William Edward Willoughby "Teddy" Petter CBE FRAeS  (8 August 1908, Highgate in Middlesex – 1 May 1968, Béruges) was a British aircraft designer. He is noted for Westland's wartime aeroplanes, as well as the Canberra, the early design of the Lightning, and his last plane, the Folland Gnat.

Westland Aircraft
Westland Aircraft was a British aircraft manufacturer located in Yeovil, Somerset. Formed as a separate company by separation from Petters Limited just before the start of the Second World War, Westland had been building aircraft since 1915. During the war the company produced a number of generally unsuccessful designs, but their Lysander would serve as an important liaison aircraft with the Royal Air Force. After the war the company focused on helicopters, and was merged with several other British firms to create Westland Helicopters in 1961.
Kvarken
Kvarken (Swedish: Kvarken, Norra Kvarken (as opposed to South Kvarken); Finnish: Merenkurkku, lit. 'throat of the sea') is the narrow region of the Gulf of Bothnia separating the Bothnian Bay (the inner part of the gulf) from the Bothnian Sea. The distance from the Swedish mainland to the Finnish mainland is around 80 km (50 mi), while the distance between the outermost islands is only 25 km (16 mi). The water depth in the Kvarken region is only around 25 metres (82 ft). The region also has an unusual rate of land rising at almost 10 mm (0.39 inches) a year.

Several attempts to cross the strait swimming have been made, but cold water and currents have usually been insurmountable obstacles. The first successful crossing was carried out by Lennart Flygare, Pavio Grzelewski and Tore Klingberg, who on 24 July, 2018, swam from Valassaaret (Valsörarna) on the Finnish side to Holmöarna in Sweden. It took them 12 hours 2 minutes to cross the strait.

Post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are phases of glacial isostasy (glacial isostatic adjustment, glacioisostasy), the  deformation of the Earth's crust in response to changes in ice mass distribution. The direct raising effects of post-glacial rebound are readily apparent in parts of Northern Eurasia, Northern America, Patagonia, and Antarctica. However, through the processes of ocean siphoning and continental levering, the effects of post-glacial rebound on sea level are felt globally far from the locations of current and former ice sheets.
Cabinet of South Australia
The Cabinet of South Australia is the chief policy-making organ of the Government of South Australia. In South Australia, the cabinet is interchangeably known as the ministry as there is no "outer ministry" – therefore all ministers are in cabinet. The current fifteen-member cabinet, the Malinauskas ministry, is headed by Premier Peter Malinauskas of the South Australian Labor Party.

Government of South Australia
The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government or the SA Government, is the executive branch of the state of South Australia. It is modelled on the Westminster system, meaning that the highest ranking members of the executive are drawn from an elected state parliament. Specifically the party or coalition which holds a majority of the House of Assembly (the lower chamber of the South Australian Parliament).
Virginia, Honduras
Virginia (Spanish pronunciation: [biɾˈxinja]) is a municipality in the Honduran department of Lempira.
Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.

It is one of the smallest municipalities of the Lempira department. It is 15 km or 30 minutes away from Mapulaca if accessed through Gracias.

Mapulaca
Mapulaca is a municipality in the Honduran department of Lempira.

It is one of the smallest municipalities in the south of Lempira department, accessible via Santa Rosa de Copán-San Marcos de Ocotepeque-Cololaca-Valladolid-La Virtud-Mapulaca or via Santa Cruz-San Andrés-Candelaria, a journey of about 5 to 6 hours. On the border, "El Puente Colgante" (The Hanging Bridge) leads to Sonsonate municipality in El Salvador. There is also a newer bridge called "Puente La Intregracion".
Naval Air Station Port Lyautey
Naval Air Station Port Lyautey is a former United States Navy Naval Air Station in Morocco, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north-northwest of Kenitra and about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Casablanca. The Naval Air Station was turned over to the Royal Moroccan Air Force and the last of US military personnel departed the base in 1977. The airport was later reopened as Kenitra Airport after it was closed.

Kenitra Air Base
Kenitra Air Base (Arabic: قاعدة القنيطرة الجوية) (IATA: NNA, ICAO: GMMY) is a military airport in Kenitra, a city in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region in Morocco. It is also known as the Third Royal Air Force Base, operated by the Royal Moroccan Air Force.
Mean curvature flow
In the field of differential geometry in mathematics, mean curvature flow is an example of a geometric flow of hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold (for example, smooth surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space). Intuitively, a family of surfaces evolves under mean curvature flow if the normal component of the velocity of which a point on the surface moves is given by the mean curvature of the surface.  For example, a round sphere evolves under mean curvature flow by shrinking inward uniformly (since the mean curvature vector of a sphere points inward).  Except in special cases, the mean curvature flow develops singularities.

Under the constraint that volume enclosed is constant, this is called surface tension flow.

It is a parabolic partial differential equation, and can be interpreted as "smoothing".

Mean curvature
In mathematics, the mean curvature  of a surface  is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space.

The concept was used by Sophie Germain in her work on elasticity theory, published 1831. Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier used it in 1776, in his studies of minimal surfaces. It is important in the analysis of minimal surfaces, which have mean curvature zero, and in the analysis of physical interfaces between fluids (such as soap films) which, for example, have constant mean curvature in static flows, by the Young–Laplace equation.
George Dixon Academy
George Dixon Academy is a secondary school located on Portland Road and City Road in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England. Former names of the school include George Dixon Higher Grade School, George Dixon Grammar School, George Dixon Community School, George Dixon Grant Maintained School and George Dixon International School. The school operates under a co-headship with Claire Bernard and David Horner serving as co-headteachers since September 2025. Former heads include Tutvinder Mann, Robert Dowling and Anthony Hamilton, a double gold medal paralympian.
The school was made in 1888 but the current building has been there since 1906 . The school opens at 8:45 and finishes at 15:30 Mon-Fri.

Robert Dowling (teacher)
Sir Robert Dowling (born 1940) is a British schoolteacher and headmaster in the city of Birmingham, England.

He is known for preventing secondary school  George Dixon Academy from closing, and was made a Knight Bachelor in the 2002 Birthday Honours, "For services to Special Needs Education".

In 2005, he was praised by OFSTED for his role in dealing with issues of sex and morality in his school.

He was  Headmaster of St George's School, Edgbaston, Birmingham, subsequently becoming Chairman of the school's board of trustees.
Planetary boundary layer
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence) and vertical mixing is strong. Above the PBL is the "free atmosphere", where the wind is approximately geostrophic (parallel to the isobars), while within the PBL the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail).

Geostrophic wind
In atmospheric science, geostrophic flow (/ˌdʒiːəˈstrɒfɪk, ˌdʒiːoʊ-, -ˈstroʊ-/) is the theoretical wind that would result from an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force. This condition is called geostrophic equilibrium or geostrophic balance (also known as  geostrophy). The geostrophic wind is directed parallel to isobars (lines of constant pressure at a given height). This balance seldom holds exactly in nature. The true wind almost always differs from the geostrophic wind due to other forces such as friction from the ground. Thus, the actual wind would equal the geostrophic wind only if there were no friction (e.g. above the atmospheric boundary layer) and the isobars were perfectly straight. Despite this, much of the atmosphere outside the tropics is close to geostrophic flow much of the time and it is a valuable first approximation. Geostrophic flow in air or water is a zero-frequency inertial wave.