hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constance II of Sicily
Constance II (in Italian: Costanza; c. 1249 – (1302-04-09)9 April 1302) was queen regnant of Sicily from September 1282 to November 1285 alongside her husband, King Peter I. She was also queen consort of Aragon from 1276 to 1285. She was a pretender to the Kingdom of Sicily from 1268 to 1282. She was the only daughter of Manfred, King of Sicily, and his first wife, Beatrice of Savoy.

Manfred, King of Sicily
Manfred (Sicilian: Manfredi di Sicilia; 1232 – 26 February 1266) was the last King of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, reigning from 1258 until his death. The natural son of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Manfred became regent over the Kingdom of Sicily on behalf of his nephew Conradin in 1254. As regent he subdued rebellions in the kingdom, until in 1258 he usurped Conradin's rule. After an initial attempt to appease Pope Innocent IV, he took up the ongoing conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the papacy through combat and political alliances. He defeated the papal army at Foggia on 2 December 1254. Excommunicated by three successive popes, Manfred was the target of a Crusade (1255–1266) called first by Pope Alexander IV and then by Urban IV. Nothing came of Alexander's call, but Urban enlisted the aid of Charles of Anjou in overthrowing Manfred. Manfred was killed during his defeat by Charles at the Battle of Benevento, and Charles assumed kingship of Sicily.
Glaphyra
Glaphyra (Greek: Γλαφύρα; c.  35 BC – c.  7 AD) was an Anatolian princess from Cappadocia, and a Queen of Mauretania by her second marriage to King Juba II of Mauretania. She was related to the Herodian dynasty by her first and third marriage, to Alexander, son of Herod and Herod Archelaus, respectively.

Alexander, son of Herod
Alexander (was born around 35 BC and died around 7 BC) was a King's Son of Judea and part of the Hasmonean branch of the Herodian dynasty. His was the first-born son of Herod the Great and born to the Hasmonean princess, Mariamne.

The unfortunate fate which persistently pursued the Hasmonean house also overtook this prince. As heir presumptive to the throne by right of descent on his mother's side, he was sent to Rome for his education in the year 23 BC. He remained there in the household of Asinius Pollio until about the year 17 BC, when Herod himself brought him and his younger brother Aristobulus, who had been with him, home to Jerusalem. Shortly afterward, Alexander received in marriage the Cappadocian Princess, Glaphyra, the daughter of King Archelaus of Cappadocia. Glaphyra bore Alexander three children: two sons, Tigranes and Alexander, and an unnamed daughter.
New Hampshire Route 33
New Hampshire Route 33 is an 9.090-mile-long (14.629 km) east–west highway in the Seacoast Region of southeastern New Hampshire, connecting Stratham with Portsmouth. The western terminus is at New Hampshire Route 108 in Stratham. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in downtown Portsmouth. It is a former routing of New Hampshire Route 101.

The road skirts the south side of Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.

New Hampshire Route 108
New Hampshire Route 108 is a 42.430-mile-long (68.284 km) north–south state highway in Rockingham and Strafford counties in southeastern New Hampshire.  The southern terminus of NH 108 is at the Massachusetts state line in Plaistow.  The northern terminus is at an intersection with New Hampshire Route 125 and New Hampshire Route 202A in downtown Rochester.

At its southern end, NH 108 connects to Massachusetts Route 108, a very short state route which continues south for 0.91 miles (1.46 km) to Massachusetts Route 110 in Haverhill.

NH 108 is notable in being one of two routes (the other being New Hampshire Route 9) to intersect both U.S. Route 4 and New Hampshire Route 4 (a rare case of two completely separate routes in one state having the same number).
Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis
Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis (Elisabeth Margarete Maria Anna Beatriz Prinzessin von Thurn und Taxis; born 24 March 1982) is a German journalist, author, socialite, and art collector. By birth, as the daughter of Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, she is a member of the German princely House of Thurn and Taxis. Since 2012 Elisabeth has worked as a style editor-at-large for Vogue. A Catholic traditionalist, she has written as a columnist for Vatican Magazine and authored a book on Catholic spirituality called The Faith of Children: in Praise of the People's Devotion. She has been referred to in the press as Princess TNT, a nickname once associated with her mother, Gloria, Princess of Thurn und Taxis.

Gloria von Thurn und Taxis
Gloria, Dowager Princess of Thurn and Taxis (Mariae Gloria Ferdinanda Joachima Josephine Wilhelmine Huberta; born Countess Gloria von Schönburg-Glauchau, 23 February 1960) is a German socialite, businesswoman, Catholic activist, art collector, and artist. Upon the death of her husband, Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, she took on the management of Schloss St. Emmeram and the enterprises of the House of Thurn and Taxis. She has been an advocate for Traditionalist Catholicism, particularly the continuation of the Tridentine Mass.
King Kang of Chu
King Kang of Chu (Chinese: 楚康王; pinyin: Chǔ Kāng Wáng), personal name Xiong Zhao, was from 559 BC to 545 BC the king of the Chu state. He succeeded his father, King Gong, to the Chu throne.

King Kang's reign was marked by constant wars with the Jin state, Chu's traditional enemy, and the Wu state, its new enemy.

King Kang ruled for 15 years and was succeeded by his son, Xiong Yuan, who would be murdered by King Kang's younger brother, King Ling, four years later.

Jia'ao
Jia'ao (Chinese: 郟敖; pinyin: Jiá'áo), personal name Xiong Yuan, was from 544 BC to 541 BC the king of the Chu state. He succeeded his father, King Kang, as ruler.

Jia'ao's uncle, Xiong Wei, served as his prime minister. In 541 BC when Jia'ao was ill, Xiong Wei murdered him and his two sons, Xiong Mu and Xiong Pingxia, and usurped the throne.
Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans
Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (13 September 1676 – 23 December 1744) was a petite-fille de France and duchess of Lorraine and Bar by her marriage to Duke Leopold. She was regent of the duchy during the minority (1729–1730) and absence (1730–1737) of her son and suo jure princess of Commercy from 1737–1744. Among her children was Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, the co-founder of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
Leopold the Good (11 September 1679 – 27 March 1729) was Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1690 to his death. Through his son Francis Stephen, he is the direct male ancestor of all rulers of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, including all Emperors of Austria.
U.S. Route 95 Alternate (Schurz–Fernley, Nevada)
In the U.S. state of Nevada, U.S. Route 95 Alternate (US 95 Alt., sometimes referred to as US 95A) is an alternate route of U.S. Route 95 located in the western part of the state. It connects Schurz to Interstate 80 via the cities of Yerington and Fernley.

The highway is one of three routes in Nevada that has existed as US 95 Alt.

U.S. Route 95 in Nevada
U.S. Route 95 (US 95) is a major U.S. highway traversing the U.S. state of Nevada from north to south directly through Las Vegas and providing connections to both Carson City (via US 50 in Silver Springs, Nevada area only) and Reno (via Interstate 80 in Fernley, Nevada only or U.S. 95A north to U.S. 50 west to I-580/U.S. 395 north in Carson City, Nevada area only). US 95 is cosigned with Interstate 80 for 95 miles (153 km) between Winnemucca and a junction 32 miles north of Fallon before heading north into Oregon at McDermitt. At 646.71 miles (1,040.78 km), it is the longest highway in Nevada.

Along much of its course through Nevada, US 95 has signs designating it as the Veterans Memorial Highway. A portion of the route in Las Vegas northwest of downtown is also called the Oran K. Gragson Freeway, named for Las Vegas mayor Oran K. Gragson who advocated for construction of that portion of freeway in the 1960s.
Mikulin AM-42
The Mikulin AM-42 was a 1940s Soviet aircraft piston engine designed by Alexander Mikulin. Representing a high-output version of the AM-38F, the AM-42 was used in the Ilyushin Il-1 fighter, and the Il-8 and Il-10 ground attack aircraft.

Mikulin AM-38
The Mikulin AM-38 was a 1940s Soviet aircraft piston engine. It was a further development of the Mikulin AM-35 design. The AM-38 was used on the Il-2 Shturmovik and Il-10 ground attack aircraft. The AM-38 was installed experimentally in a MiG-3 and tested during August 1941. A slight performance improvement was seen at low-altitude but the engine experienced overheating problems due to the cooling and oil systems remaining unchanged from the AM-35A.
Heavy warmblood
The heavy warmbloods (German: Schwere Warmblüter) are a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe. The title includes the Ostfriesen ("East Friesian") and Alt-Oldenburger ("Old-Oldenburger"), Groningen, and similar horses from Silesia, Saxony-Thuringia, and Bavaria. Breeds like the Hungarian Nonius, Kladruber, and Cleveland Bay are also often classed as "heavy warmbloods." They are the ancestors of the modern warmbloods, and are typically bred by preservation groups to fit the pre-World War I model of the all-purpose utility horse. Unlike the registries of the sport horses that followed them, many heavy warmblood registries maintain closed or partly closed studbooks. However, external evaluation and performance testing of the breeding stock is still a key element in these registries. Many of the heavy warmbloods are selected primarily for family-friendly temperaments.

Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger
The Alt-Oldenburger and Ostfriesen are representatives of a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe called heavy warmbloods. The breed has two names because the same horse was bred in two regions in the most north-western part of Germany: East Frisia and the former grand duchy of Oldenburg. The name "Alt-Oldenburger" – alt meaning "old" – simply distinguishes this horse from its descendant, the modern Oldenburg, which is bred for sport.

The AO/OF is bred by preservationists to fit the pre-World War model. Unlike the registries of the sport horses that followed them, their studbook is partly closed. However, external evaluation and performance testing of the breeding stock is still a key element in these registries.
Wanlip
Wanlip is a small village and civil parish in the Charnwood district of Leicestershire, with a population measured at 305 at the 2011 census.  It is a countryside village, north of Birstall, and west of Watermead Country Park and the River Soar. The A46 road runs directly past the village. Wanlip won the 2008 Leicester and Rutland Best Village Competition for villages with a population under 500.

To the south of Wanlip is Wanlip Meadows, a Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust nature reserve. To the north is a Severn Trent sewage treatment plant, serving a population of more than half a million. The Cedars Academy lies to the south at the edge of Birstall. To the east lies the 14 hectare Reedbed Local Nature Reserve, part of the Watermead Country Park.

Wanlip is the site of a 132-metre-high wind turbine which went into operation at the end of 2013.

Birstall, Leicestershire
Birstall is a large village and civil parish within the Charnwood borough of Leicestershire, England. It is three miles north of Leicester city centre and is part of the wider Leicester Urban Area.

It is the largest village in Charnwood, with a population only marginally lower than the neighbouring town of Syston at the 2001 census.
Lisi people
The Lisi people are three closely associated Chadian ethnic groups living in the same geographical area, represented by the Batha and Chari-Baguirmi prefectures: the Bilala (136,000), the Kuka (76,000) and the Medogo (19,000).

The Lisi are mainly farmers growing crops such as sorghum, millet, cotton and manioc; herding is occasionally associated with farming. They live in compact villages, each of which is governed by a chief, that settles local disputes, a duty he discharges with the help of the village's elders. Polygamy is quite common, but the husband must guarantee a separate house for every wife. The first wife retains a privileged status over the others.

In religion they are all Muslim, and represent the people who were part of the Yao Sultanate in pre-colonial Chad. The sultanate was founded by the Bulala in the 15th century, conquering the Kuka, who successively passed them their language. For this they all now speak the same language, known as Naba language.

Bilala people
The Bilala, also called Bulala or Boulala, are an ethnic group that mainly lives around Lake Fitri in the Batha region, central Chad. Most of the Bilala population are agricultural farmers and Muslims. The Bilala numbered around 205,000 in 2018.

The traditional capital of the Bilala is the town of Yao, which served as the seat of a small and independent Bilala-ruled sultanate in the 17th–20th centuries. The sultan of Yao remains the traditional leader of the Bilala people. Prior to the 17th century, the Bilala were closely associated with the history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire; in the 14th century, the Bilala captured Kanem (modern-day southwestern Chad) from that empire and ruled a kingdom there until they were driven away to their modern homeland.
Brachycephalus dacnis
Brachycephalus dacnis is a species of small frog in the family Brachycephalidae endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It is one of more than 40 named species within the genus Brachycephalus, and is most similar to B. hermogenesi. B. dacnis is one of the smallest known vertebrates, with the congeneric B. pulex being the only smaller species.

Brachycephalus pulex
Brachycephalus pulex, also known as the Brazilian flea toad and the Serra Bonita flea toad, is a species of small frog in the family Brachycephalidae. It is one of more than 40 named species within the genus Brachycephalus. B. pulex is the smallest known vertebrate, with an average length of 7.10 millimetres (0.280 in) in mature males.
Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (c. 1191 – 15 April 1234), was the son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and brother of William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, whom he succeeded to the Earldom of Pembroke and Lord Marshal of England upon his brother's death on 6 April 1231.

William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (French: Guillaume le Maréchal) (1190 – 6 April 1231) was a medieval English nobleman and one of the sureties of Magna Carta. He fought during the First Barons' War and was present at the Battle of Lincoln (1217) alongside his father William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, who led the English troops. He commissioned the first biography of a medieval knight to be written, called L'Histoire de Guillaume le Mareschal, in honour of his father.
British literature in languages other than English
In addition to English, literature has been written in a wide variety of other languages in Britain, that is the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands (the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey are not part of the United Kingdom, but are closely associated with it, being British Crown Dependencies). This includes literature in Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Latin, Cornish, Anglo-Norman, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Manx, and Irish (but the last of these only in Northern Ireland after 1922). Literature in Anglo-Saxon (Old English) is treated as English literature and literature in Scots as Scottish literature.

Manx literature
Literature in the Manx language is known from the 16th century. Early works were often religious in theme, including translations of the Book of Common Prayer, the Bible and Milton's Paradise Lost. Edward Faragher (Neddy Beg Hom Ruy; 1831–1908), who published poems, stories and translations, is considered the last major native writer of the language. The historian A. W. Moore collected traditional Manx-language songs and ballads in publications towards the end of the 19th century.

Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh, the Manx Language Society, was founded at the end of the 19th century. The revival of Manx has resulted in new original works and translations being published in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with authors including Brian Stowell (1936–2019) and Robert Corteen Carswell (born 1950).
Ealing Common tube station
Ealing Common is a London Underground station, located in the London Borough of Ealing. It is served by the District and Piccadilly lines, and is in London fare zone 3. On the Ealing Broadway branch of the District line, the station is between Ealing Broadway and Acton Town stations. On the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly line, it is between North Ealing and Acton Town stations. It is the only station west of Acton Town to be served by both the District and Piccadilly lines.

The station is situated in Ealing on the Uxbridge Road (A4020), about 490 yards (450 m) east of the junction with Gunnersbury Avenue and Hanger Lane (A406, North Circular Road) and the Ealing Common open space the station takes its name from.

Ealing Broadway station
Ealing Broadway is a major single-level interchange station located in Ealing, in the London Borough of Ealing, West London for London Underground services and Elizabeth line services on the National Rail Great Western Main Line.

On the London Underground, it is one of three western termini of the District line, the preceding station being Ealing Common, and it is also one of two western termini of the Central line, the preceding station being West Acton. On the National Rail network, it is a through-station on the Great Western Main Line, 5 miles 56 chains (9.2 km) down the line from London Paddington, between Acton Main Line and West Ealing.

The station is managed by the Elizabeth line and saw a major upgrade and expansion as part of the Crossrail project, with a rebuilt ticket hall and the provision of step-free access.
Caspian tiger
The Caspian tiger was a Panthera tigris tigris population native to eastern Turkey, northern Iran, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus around the Caspian Sea, Central Asia to northern Afghanistan and the Xinjiang region in Western China. It inhabited sparse forests and riverine corridors in this region until the 1970s. It was also present in Southern Russia until the Middle Ages. The Caspian tiger population was regarded as a distinct subspecies and assessed as extinct in 2003.

Results of a phylogeographic analysis evinces that the Caspian and Siberian tiger populations shared a common continuous geographic distribution until the early 19th century.

Some Caspian tigers were intermediate in size between Siberian and Bengal tigers.

It was also called Balkhash tiger, Hyrcanian tiger, Turanian tiger, and Mazandaran tiger.

Bengal tiger
The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies. It ranks among the largest of wild cats. It is distributed from India, southern Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan to Southwestern China. Its historical range extended to the Indus Basin until the early 19th century, and it is thought to have been present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene about 12,000 to 16,500 years ago. It is threatened by poaching, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation.

As of 2022, the Bengal tiger population was estimated at 3,167–3,682 individuals in India, 316–355 individuals in Nepal, 131 individuals in Bhutan and around 125 individuals in Bangladesh. It is the national animal of India and Bangladesh.
Marjorie Tallchief
Marjorie Tallchief (born Marjorie Louise Tall Chief; October 19, 1926 – November 30, 2021) was an American ballerina and member of the Osage Nation. She was the younger sister of prima ballerina Maria Tallchief and was the first Native American to be named "première danseuse étoile" in the Paris Opera Ballet.

Maria Tallchief
Maria Tallchief, born Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief (𐓏𐒰𐓐𐒿𐒷-𐓍𐓂͘𐓄𐒰 "Two-Standards"; Osage family name: Ki He Kah Stah Tsa, Osage script: 𐒼𐒱𐒹𐒻𐒼𐒰-𐓆𐓈𐒷𐓊𐒷; January 24, 1925 – April 11, 2013), was an Osage ballerina. She was America's first major prima ballerina and the first Native American to hold the rank. Together with Georgian-American choreographer George Balanchine, she is widely considered to have revolutionized American ballet.
Pueblo IV period
The Pueblo IV period (1350–1600) was the fourth period of the Ancestral Puebloans in Oasisamerica.  At the end of prior Pueblo III period, ancestral Puebloans living in the Colorado and Utah regions abandoned their settlements and migrated south to the Pecos River and Rio Grande valleys.  As a result, pueblos in those areas saw a significant increase in total population.

The Pueblo IV period (Pecos Classification) is similar to the "Regressive Pueblo period" or, referring to the Ancestral Puebloans of Colorado and Utah, the "post-Pueblo period." It is preceded by Pueblo III and is followed by the present Pueblo V period.

Pueblo III period
The Pueblo III period (AD 1150–1350) was the third period, also called the "Great Pueblo period" when Ancestral Puebloans lived in large cliff-dwelling, multi-storied pueblo, or cliff-side talus house communities.  By the end of the period, the ancient people of the Four Corners region migrated south into larger, centralized pueblos in central and southern Arizona and New Mexico.

The Pueblo III period (Pecos Classification) is roughly the same as the "Great Pueblo period" and "Classic Pueblo period" (AD 1100–1300). It is preceded by the Pueblo II period, and is followed by the Pueblo IV period.
Northgate Link tunnel
The Northgate Link tunnel is a light rail tunnel in Seattle, Washington, United States. The twin-bore Link light rail tunnel, built as part of the Northgate Link extension (formerly known as "North Link"), carries a section of the 1 Line and connects the University District to Northgate.

The tunnel begins at University of Washington station (the north end of the University Link tunnel) and travels northwest across the University of Washington campus. It serves intermediate stations at U District and Roosevelt before emerging on the east side of Interstate 5 at a portal in Maple Leaf. Light rail trains then continue on an elevated guideway to Northgate station, where the extension ends. The extension was approved in 2008 by voters in the Sound Transit 2 (ST2) package, began construction in 2012, and entered service on October 2, 2021. The extension cost $1.9 billion to construct.

University Link tunnel
The University Link tunnel is a 3.15-mile (5.07 km) light rail tunnel in Seattle, Washington, United States.  The twin-bore tunnel carries Link light rail service on the 1 Line from the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel to University of Washington station via Capitol Hill station. It was constructed as part of the University Link Extension of Central Link (now the 1 Line) from 2009 to 2012. The 21 ft-wide (6.4 m) tunnels are lined with precast gasketed concrete segments connected with steel bolts and was excavated using three tunnel-boring machines in 2011 and 2012. Light rail service began on March 19, 2016.