hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Black Echo
The Black Echo is the 1992 debut novel by American crime author Michael Connelly. It is the first book in Connelly's series centered on Los Angeles Police Department homicide detective Harry Bosch. The book won the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for "Best First Novel" in 1992.

Harry Bosch
Detective Hieronymus "Harry" Bosch is a fictional character created by American author Michael Connelly. Bosch debuted as the lead character in the 1992 novel The Black Echo, the first in a best-selling police procedural series now numbering 24 novels.

The novels are more or less coincident in timeframe with the year in which they were published. Harry, as he is commonly known by his associates, is a veteran police homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. He was named after the 15th-century Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch.

Titus Welliver portrayed the title character from 2015 to 2021 in Bosch, a television series adapted from the novels, as well as the spin-off series Bosch: Legacy and Ballard. Cameron Monaghan will play the character in the prequel series Bosch: Start of Watch.
Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch
The Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch (Academy for our Colognian language) was established in 1983 by the Stadtsparkasse Köln (Cologne Savings and Loan Association). As part of the bank's foundation for culture, this academy campaigns for the preservation and promotion of the Kölsch dialect as a language.

Colognian dialect
Colognian or Kölsch (pronounced [kœ̂lɧ], narrower [kœ̂ɫːʃ]ⓘ; full name Kölsch Platt) is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian group of dialects of the Central German group. These dialects are spoken in the area covered by the Archdiocese and former Electorate of Cologne reaching from Neuss in the north to just south of Bonn, west to Düren and east to Olpe in northwest Germany.
EXAPT
EXAPT (a portmanteau of "Extended Subset of APT") is a production-oriented programming language that allows users to generate NC programs with control information for machining tools and facilitates decision-making for production-related issues that may arise during various machining processes.

EXAPT was first developed to address industrial requirements. Through the years, the company created additional software for the manufacturing industry. Today, EXAPT offers a suite of SAAS products and services for the manufacturing industry.

The trade name, EXAPT, is most commonly associated with the CAD/CAM-System, production data, and tool management software of the German company EXAPT Systemtechnik GmbH based in Aachen, DE.

APT (programming language)
APT (Automatically Programmed Tool) is a high-level computer programming language most commonly used to generate instructions for numerically controlled machine tools. Douglas T. Ross is considered by many to be the father of APT: as head of the newly created Computer Applications Group of the Servomechanisms Laboratory at MIT in 1956, he led its technical effort. APT is a language and system that alleviates the tedious mathematics of writing toolpaths for numerically controlled equipment. This early language was used widely through the 1970s and is still a standard internationally. Derivatives of APT were later developed.
Bidirectional associative memory
Bidirectional associative memory (BAM) is a type of recurrent neural network. BAM was introduced by Bart Kosko in 1988. There are two types of associative memory, auto-associative and hetero-associative. BAM is hetero-associative, meaning given a pattern it can return another pattern which is potentially of a different size.  It is similar to the Hopfield network in that they are both forms of associative memory. However, Hopfield nets return patterns of the same size.

It is said to be bi-directional as it can respond to inputs from either the input or the output layer.

Autoassociative memory
Autoassociative memory, also known as auto-association memory or an autoassociation network, is any type of memory that is able to retrieve a piece of data from only a tiny sample of itself. They are very effective in de-noising or removing interference from the input and can be used to determine whether the given input is “known” or “unknown”.

In artificial neural networks, examples include variational autoencoder, denoising autoencoder, Hopfield network.

In reference to computer memory, the idea of associative memory is also referred to as Content-addressable memory (CAM).

The net is said to recognize a “known” vector if the net produces a pattern of activation on the output units which is the same as one of the vectors stored in it.
Rabbi Meir
Rabbi Meir (Hebrew: רַבִּי מֵאִיר) was a Jewish sage who lived in the time of the Mishnah. He was one of the Tannaim of the fourth generation (139–163), and a disciple of Rabbi Akiva. He is the second most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah and is mentioned over 3,000 times in the Babylonian Talmud. His wife Bruriah is one of the few women cited in the Gemara.

Rabbi Akiva
Akiva ben Joseph (Mishnaic Hebrew: עֲקִיבָא בֶּן יוֹסֵף, ʿĂqīḇāʾ ben Yōsēp̄; c. 50 – 28 September 135 CE), also known as Rabbi Akiva (רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא), was a leading Jewish scholar and sage and a tanna of the latter part of the first century and the beginning of the second. Rabbi Akiva was a leading contributor to the Mishnah and to Midrash Halakha. He is referred to in Tosafot as Rosh la-Hakhamim ("Chief of the Sages"). He was executed by the Romans in the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. He has also been described as a philosopher.
Limasol (horse)
Limasol (1894–1916) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She showed promising form as a two-year-old despite failing to win any of her three starts and recorded her biggest success on her three-year-old debut when she upset the odds-on favourite Chelandry to take the Epsom Oaks. She was subsequently campaigned over extreme distances against male opposition and never won again. She made no impact as a broodmare.

Chelandry
Chelandry (1894–1917) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She was the top-rated juvenile filly in England in 1896 when she won the Woodcote Stakes, Great Surrey Breeders' Foal Plate, National Breeders' Produce Stakes and Imperial Produce Stakes. In the following year she won the  1000 Guineas and finished second in both the Epsom Oaks and the St Leger. She remained in training as a four-year-old but failed to win again and was retired at the end of the year. After her retirement from racing, she became an exceptionally successful and influential broodmare.
Beesd
Beesd is a village in the Netherlands province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of West Betuwe, and lies about 16 km west of Tiel. It is situated near the river Linge and has a railway station on the railway from Dordrecht to Geldermalsen.

Beesd railway station
Beesd is a railway station in Beesd. Netherlands. The station opened on 1 December 1883. It lies about 2 km north of Beesd itself. The station is located on the railway line between Dordrecht and Geldermalsen (MerwedeLingelijn). The station has a small island platform, and two tracks, but only one of the tracks is actively used. Train services were operated by Arriva until 8 December 2018, when Qbuzz took over services.
Lianne Dalziel
Lianne Audrey Dalziel CNZM (/dælˈzɛl/; born 7 June 1960) is a New Zealand politician and former mayor of Christchurch. Prior to this position, she was a member of the New Zealand Parliament for 23 years, serving as Minister of Immigration, Commerce, Minister of Food Safety and Associate Minister of Justice in the Fifth Labour Government. She resigned from Cabinet on 20 February 2004 after apparently lying about a leak of documents to the media, but was reinstated as a minister following Labour's return to office after the 2005 election. She resigned from Parliament effective 11 October 2013 to contest the Christchurch mayoral election. The incumbent, Bob Parker, decided not to stand again. She was widely regarded as the favourite and won with a wide margin to become the 46th mayor of Christchurch.

Mayor of Christchurch
The mayor of Christchurch is the elected head of local government in Christchurch, New Zealand; one of 67 mayors in the country. The mayor presides over the Christchurch City Council and is directly elected using the first-past-the-post method. The current mayor, Phil Mauger, was first elected in 2022. The current deputy mayor is Victoria Henstock.

Christchurch was initially governed by the chairman of the town council. In 1868, the chairman became the city council's first mayor as determined by his fellow city councillors. Since 1875, the mayor is elected by eligible voters and, after an uncontested election, the first election was held in the following year.
Saghmosavank
The Saghmosavank (Armenian: Սաղմոսավանք, lit. "monastery of the Psalms") is a 13th-century Armenian monastic complex located in the village of Saghmosavan in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. Like the Hovhannavank monastery which is five kilometers south, Saghmosavank is situated atop the precipitous gorge carved by the Kasagh river. Their silhouettes dominate the adjacent villages and rise sharp against the background of the mountains crowned by Mount Aragats.

The monastic structures erected by Prince Vache Vachutyan, the Church of Zion in Saghmosavank (1215) and the Church of Karapet in Hovhannavank (1216–1221), belong to the same type of cross-winged domed structure with two-floor annexes in all the corners of the building. Subcupola space predominates in the interiors of both churches, which is reflected in the exterior shapes of these structures.

The zhamatun attached to the church was erected by his son Kurt in 1255.

Hovhannavank
Hovhannavank, also Yovhannavank‘ (Armenian: Հովհաննավանք) is a medieval monastery located in the village of Ohanavan in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. The monastery stands on the edge of the Kasagh River canyon, and its territory is adjacent to the village of Ohanavan. The deep gorge is carved by the Kasagh River.
Mappy-Land
Mappy-Land is a platform game developed by Tose and published by Namco for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It is a sequel to Namco's 1983 arcade video game Mappy. Originally released in 1986, it was released by Taxan in North America in 1989.

Mappy
Mappy is a 1983 platform game developed and published by Namco for arcades. It runs on Namco's Super Pac-Man hardware modified to support horizontal scrolling. The name "Mappy" is likely derived from mappo (マッポ), a slightly pejorative Japanese slang term for policeman. The game has been re-released in several Namco arcade compilations. It spawned a handful of sequels and a 2013 animated web series developed by cartoonists Scott Kurtz and Kris Straub.
Bi-specific T-cell engager
Bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) is a class of artificial bispecific monoclonal antibodies that are investigated for use as anti-cancer drugs. They direct a host's immune system, more specifically the T cells' cytotoxic activity, against cancer cells. BiTE is a registered trademark of Micromet AG (fully owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc).

BiTE molecules are fusion proteins consisting of two single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of different antibodies, or amino acid sequences from four different genes, on a single peptide chain of about 55 kilodaltons. One of the scFvs binds to T cells via the CD3 receptor, and the other to a tumor cell via a tumor specific molecule.

Bispecific monoclonal antibody
A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb, BsAb) is an artificial protein that can simultaneously bind to two different types of antigen or two different epitopes on the same antigen. Naturally occurring antibodies typically only target one antigen. BsAbs can be manufactured in several structural formats. BsAbs can be designed to recruit and activate immune cells, to interfere with receptor signaling and inactivate signaling ligands, and to force association of protein complexes. BsAbs have been explored for cancer immunotherapy, drug delivery, and Alzheimer's disease.
Goyu-shuku
Goyu-shuku (御油宿, Goyu-shuku) was the thirty-fifth of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It is located in Goyu-chō in the city of Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. A pine tree colonnade, one of the few remnants from the Edo period post town, is a well-known tourist spot. It was approximately 10.4 kilometres (6.5 mi) from Yoshida-juku, the preceding post station.

Yoshida-juku
Yoshida-juku (吉田宿, Yoshida-juku) was the thirty-fourth of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It is located in the center of what is now the city of Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was 287 kilometres (178 mi) from the start of the route in Edo's Nihonbashi and 6.1 kilometres (3.8 mi) from Futagawa-juku to the east and 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) from Goyu-shuku to the west.
South Island line
The South Island line (Chinese: 南港島綫) is a rapid transit line of Hong Kong's MTR metro system. This line connects the Hong Kong business district from Admiralty station to the Southern District of Hong Kong Island and the island of Ap Lei Chau, which was not served by any railway transport prior to the opening of the line. Approved by the Executive Council in 2007, the line commenced service on 28 December 2016. The rolling stock of the South Island line is purpose-built for driverless operation, with trains being remotely controlled from the Operations Control Centre in Tsing Yi.

It is one of two lines to have 5 stations, the other one being Airport Express. Additionally, it is one of the lines to have the least interchanges, along with the Disneyland Resort Line,  until the South Island Line (West) is approved to be made.

This line was known during planning and construction as the South Island line (East) to distinguish from South Island line (West), which is still being planned.

South Island line (West)
The South Island line (West) is a proposed extension of the Hong Kong MTR metro system. The new line would serve the southwestern coast of Hong Kong Island, between Shek Tong Tsui and Wong Chuk Hang. Plans for the South Island line (West) are mentioned and revised in the government's Railway Development Strategy 2014 (RDS-2014) report. and construction was planned to begin in 2021–2026 in the report.: 61

Like the existing South Island line, this line would connect the Southern District to the rest of the MTR network.
Thành Thái
Thành Thái (Hanoi: [tʰajŋ̟˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦], chữ Hán: 成泰; 14 March 1879 – 20 March 1954)  born Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lân (阮福寶嶙), was the son of Vietnamese Emperor Dục Đức and Empress Dowager Từ Minh. He reigned as emperor for 18 years, from 1889 to 1907. Thành Thái was one of the three "patriotic emperors" in Vietnamese history, along with Hàm Nghi and Duy Tân (his son), for their actions and views against French colonial rule in Vietnam.

Duy Tân
Emperor Duy Tân (Hanoi: [zwi˧ tən˧], chữ Hán: 維新, lit. "renovation"; 19 September 1900 – 26 December 1945), born Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San, was the 11th emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam, who reigned for nine years between 1907 and 1916.
Gabriel of Melitene
Gabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was an Armenian general who ruled the city of Melitene (modern Malatya). Gabriel started his career as an officer of the Byzantine general Philaretos Brachamios, who installed him in Melitene. After the general's death, Gabriel broke away from the Byzantine Empire. He sought to ally himself with the leaders of the crusades and had his daughter, Morphia, marry Baldwin II of Edessa. He was killed after Melitene was conquered by the Seljuk Turks.

Philaretos Brachamios
Philaretos Brachamios  (Greek: Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος; Armenian: Փիլարտոս Վահրամ Վարաժնունի, romanized: Pilartos Vahram Varajnuni; Latin: Philaretus Brachamius) was a distinguished Byzantine general and warlord of Armenian heritage. He was for a time the ruler of a quasi-independent state that refused to recognise Emperor Michael VII. Philaretos is attested on seals as taxiarches (commander of an infantry regiment), as well as protospatharios and topoteretes (deputy commander) of the Tagmata of Cappadocia, then as magistros and doux (duke), and finally as kouropalates and doux.
Zilpo Road
Zilpo Road is a National Forest Scenic Byway in the forested hills of eastern Kentucky in the United States. The nine-mile (14 km) byway starts south of Salt Lick and can be accessed by Kentucky Route 211 (KY 2112). The byway travels through the Daniel Boone National Forest and ends on the western shore of Cave Run Lake at the Zilpo Recreation Area. It follows FSR 918, which is a two-lane paved road suitable for all motor vehicles and is usually open throughout the year.

Cave Run Lake is one of the main attractions of this byway. It is a 7,390-acre (2,990 ha) lake constructed on the Licking River by the Army Corps of Engineers. The Zilpo Recreation Area is a 355-acre (144 ha) park offering wooded campsites and a variety of facilities. On the other side of the lake is the 700-acre (280 ha) Twin Knobs Recreation Area. which has additional campsites.

Cave Run Lake
Cave Run Lake, located south of Morehead, Kentucky, USA along Kentucky Route 801, is an 8,270-acre (33 km2) reservoir built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.  The 148 feet (45 m), half-mile (800 m) dam (and outlet works) construction began in 1965 and was completed in 1973.  Cave Run Lake is in the northern part of the Daniel Boone National Forest. Cave Run Lake provides flood protection to the lower Licking River valley, supplies water to the area's communities, improves the Licking River's water flow conditions, and offers a habitat for various species of fish and wildlife. It is in Rowan, Morgan, Menifee, and Bath counties.
Lafarge (company)
Lafarge is a French industrial company specialising in cement, construction aggregates, and concrete. It is the world's largest cement manufacturer. It was founded in 1833 by Joseph-Auguste Pavin de Lafarge and is a part of the Holcim Group.

In 2015, Lafarge merged with Holcim and a new company was formed under the name of LafargeHolcim. It was renamed to Holcim Group in 2021.

Lafarge was embroiled in the Lafarge scandal, in which it was convicted of financing terrorism and complicity in crimes against humanity by the US Department of Justice for paying $5.92 million to the terrorist groups ISIS and al-Nusra Front between 2013 and 2014 to keep its cement plant in Syria operating.

Holcim Group
The Holcim Group, legally known as Holcim Limited, (formerly known as LafargeHolcim) is a Swiss multinational company that manufactures building materials. It has a presence in around 45 countries, and employs around 48,300 employees. Holcim operates two business segments: building materials (decarbonized cement, circular aggregates) and building solutions (energy-efficient building systems, high performance concrete & surfacing).

Originally, the company was established as LafargeHolcim by the merger on 10 July 2015 of Holcim and Lafarge, which had combined sales of CHF 26.7 billion in 2019. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, it was ranked as the 280th largest public company in the world.
Pennsylvania Route 956
Pennsylvania Route 956 (PA 956) is a 10.98-mile-long (17.67 km) state highway located in Lawrence County in Pennsylvania.  The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 19 (US 19) in Scott Township. The northern terminus is at PA 208 in New Wilmington. The route has followed its current alignment since 1932 and has been fully paved since 1940.

Pennsylvania Route 208
Pennsylvania Route 208 (PA 208) is located in Western Pennsylvania; its western terminus just west of the village of New Bedford in Lawrence County (11.5 miles northwest of New Castle) at U.S. Route 422 (US 422) and the Ohio state line.  It runs nearly 75 miles (121 km) to its eastern terminus in the village of Frills Corners in Clarion County (22 miles east of Oil City) at PA 36.
Russell County, Kentucky
Russell County is a county located in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,991.  Its county seat is Jamestown and its largest city is Russell Springs. The county was formed on December 14, 1825, from portions of Adair, Cumberland and Wayne Counties and is named for William Russell.

In 2015, the cities of Jamestown and Russell Springs became two of the first gigabit Internet communities in Kentucky with the completion of a state-of-the-art optical fiber network by the local telephone cooperative.

Wolf Creek Dam is located in southern Russell County. The dam impounds Cumberland River to form Lake Cumberland, a major tourism attraction for the county. Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery is also located in Russell County just below the dam.

Until relatively recently Russell County was a dry county, meaning that the sale of alcohol was prohibited. It voted to go "wet" in a referendum held on January 19, 2016, by a margin of 3,833 to 3,423 votes.

Adair County, Kentucky
Adair County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,903.  Its county seat and only municipality is Columbia. The county was founded in 1801 and named for John Adair, then Speaker of the House in Kentucky and later Governor of Kentucky (1820–1824). Adair County has some of the few surviving American Chestnut trees in the United States.
Bridgewater, New York
Bridgewater is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,522 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Bridgewater is on the southern border of the county. The town has a former village called Bridgewater near the southern town line. The town and hamlet were named after the Duke of Bridgewater.

Oneida County, New York
Oneida County (/oʊˈnaɪdə/ oh-NYE-də) is a county in the state of New York, United States. As of February 26, 2024, the population was 226,654. The county seat is Utica.

The county is named in honor of the Oneida, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois League or Haudenosaunee, which had long occupied this territory at the time of European encounter and colonization. The federally recognized Oneida Indian Nation has had a reservation in the region since the late 18th century, after the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state. Oneida County is part of the Utica–Rome, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Alexander Lubimov
Alexander Mikhailovich Lyubimov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Люби́мов, Alexandr Mihajlovič Ljubimov; 25 February 1879 – 19 December 1955) was a Russian and later Soviet realist painter, graphic artist, illustrator, and art teacher, professor of Repin Institute of Arts and Vera Mukhina Higher School of Art and Industry, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists and regarded as one of founder and the brightest representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his portrait paintings and satirical drawings.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.