hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria
Rudolf IV (1 November 1339 – 27 July 1365), also called Rudolf the Founder (German: der Stifter), was a scion of the House of Habsburg who ruled as duke of Austria (self-proclaimed archduke), Styria and Carinthia from 1358, as well as count of Tyrol from 1363 and as the first duke of Carniola from 1364 until his death. After the Habsburgs received nothing from the decree of the Golden Bull in 1356, he gave order to draw up the "Privilegium Maius", a fake document to empower the Austrian rulers.

County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen, became a crown land of the Austrian Empire, then was part of Bavaria from 1805 to 1814 when it returned to Austrian rule. From 1867, it was a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary.

Today the territory of the historic crown land is divided between the Italian autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol. The two parts are today associated again in the Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion.
Ahq eSports Club
ahq eSports Club was a Taiwanese esports organization based in New Taipei City. It was best known for its League of Legends team which competed in the League of Legends Masters Series and later the Pacific Championship Series. After winning the 2015 LMS Summer Playoffs, AHQ qualified for the 2015 World Championship, where they placed fifth to eighth after losing to SKT T1 in the quarterfinals.

Flash Wolves
The Flash Wolves (Chinese: 閃電狼; pinyin: Shǎndiàn Láng) are a Taiwanese esports organization with players competing in Arena of Valor, Hearthstone, and League of Legends: Wild Rift. They formerly had teams competing in League of Legends, Overwatch, Special Force II, StarCraft II, and World of Tanks.

The Flash Wolves' League of Legends team was created after the draft in the Taiwan eSports League Draft Season. It competed in the League of Legends Masters Series (LMS)—the top league in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau—and was one of the best teams in the region. The team reached the quarterfinals of the World Championship for the first time in 2015.
Dimitar Kovačevski
Dimitar Kovačevski (Macedonian: Димитар Ковачевски, pronounced [di'mitar kɔ'vat͡ʃɛfski]; born 24 July 1974) is a Macedonian politician and economist who served as prime minister of North Macedonia from January 2022 to January 2024.

A member of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM), Kovačevski previously served as deputy finance minister from 2020 until his appointment as prime minister in 2022 after the resignation of Zoran Zaev and as president of SDSM from 2021 to 2024.

Social Democratic Union of Macedonia
The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (Macedonian: Социјалдемократски сојуз на Македонија – СДСМ, Socijaldemokratski sojuz na Makedonija – SDSM, Albanian: Lidhja socialdemokrate e Maqedonisë – LSDM) is a social democratic political party, and the main centre-left party in North Macedonia. The party is pro-European.

The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia was founded on 20 April 1991 at the 11th Congress of the League of Communists of Macedonia, when it was transformed into the SDSM. The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an associate affiliate of the Party of European Socialists (PES). The party supported a practical solution to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece, which succeeded under the Prespa Agreement.
Jakob Johann von Uexküll
Jakob Johann Freiherr von Uexküll (/ˈʊkskʊl/; German: [ˈʏkskʏl]; 8 September [O.S. 27 August] 1864 – 25 July 1944) was a Baltic German biologist who worked in the fields of muscular physiology and animal behaviour studies and was an influence on the cybernetics of life. However, his most notable contribution is the notion of Umwelt, used by semiotician Thomas Sebeok and philosopher Martin Heidegger. His works established biosemiotics as a field of research.

Biosemiotics
Biosemiotics (from the Greek βίος bios, "life" and σημειωτικός sēmeiōtikos, "observant of signs") is a field of semiotics and biology that studies the prelinguistic meaning-making, biological interpretation processes, production of signs and codes and communication processes in the biological realm.

Biosemiotics integrates the findings of biology and semiotics and proposes a paradigmatic shift in the scientific view of life, in which semiosis (sign process, including meaning and interpretation) is one of its immanent and intrinsic features. The term biosemiotic was first used by Friedrich S. Rothschild in 1962, but Thomas Sebeok, Thure von Uexküll, Jesper Hoffmeyer and many others have implemented the term and field. The field is generally divided between theoretical and applied biosemiotics.

Insights from biosemiotics have also been adopted in the humanities and social sciences, including human–animal studies, human–plant studies and cybersemiotics.
Hapeville High School
Hapeville High School was a high school in Hapeville, Georgia, United States. The school closed in 1988 when it was combined with Woodland High School, College Park High School and Russell High School to form Tri-Cities High School. Hapeville High is now Hapeville Elementary, which brought all the elementary schools in the city into one building.

Tri-Cities High School
Tri-Cities High School is a public high school in East Point, Georgia, United States. It is a part of the Fulton County School System. The school opened in 1988 under the leadership of principal Dr. Herschel Robinson.  It was originally formed by combining four schools: Woodland High School, Russell High School, College Park High School, and Hapeville High School.  Tri-Cities serves sections of East Point and College Park, and all of Hapeville. The principal is Amanda Gorham.
Loners Motorcycle Club
The Loners Motorcycle Club (LMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada in 1979. It has seventeen chapters in Canada, eleven chapters in Italy, eleven in the United States, and several chapters in other countries. The club was established by two prominent Italian-Canadian bikers, Frank Lenti and Gennaro Raso.

Gennaro Raso
Gennaro Raso or Jimmy Raso is an Italian-Canadian outlaw biker, who is best known for co-founding the Loners Motorcycle Club with close friend Frank Lenti. He would end up retaining full leadership over the club in 1994 and currently serves as the club's International President.
Spite and malice
Spite and malice, also known as cat and mouse, is a relatively modern American card game for two or more players. It is a reworking of the late 19th-century Continental game crapette, also known as Russian bank, and is a form of competitive solitaire, with a number of variations that can be played with two or three regular decks of cards.

It had a "well-deserved following" during the 1970s when bridge expert Easley Blackwood saw it being played on a cruise ship and subsequently published its rules. According to David Parlett, the game is a reworking of an old 19th-century patience called crapette or Russian bank, but he also identifies three early English patiences by Mary Whitmore Jones – carbouche, obstruction, and dowager's patience – which bear a "remarkable similarity" to spite and malice.

A commercial variation sold by Hasbro is called Spite and Malice; a variation sold by Mattel is called Skip-Bo.

Skip-Bo
Skip-Bo is a commercial version of the card game Spite and Malice, a derivative of Russian Bank (also known as Crapette or Tunj), which in turn originates from Double Klondike (also called Double Solitaire). In 1967, Minnie Hazel "Skip" Bowman (1915–2001) of Brownfield, Texas, began producing a boxed edition of the game under the name SKIP-BO. In 1980 the game was purchased by International Games, which was subsequently bought by Mattel in 1992. A mobile version of the game for iOS  was released by Magmic in September, 2013.
There is a new version called "SKIP-BO” that comes in a green, white and yellow case.
Johnny Connolly
Johnny Connolly was an Irish musician from Connemara, and one of Ireland's most prominent players of the melodeon (one-row button accordion). In a 2008 TG4 interview, Connolly described how he first took up the instrument: his parents left the children home at Inis Bearacháin to go watch currach racing, and Connolly's sister showed him where their parents kept their melodeon locked up, which he commenced to play for the rest of the day, beginning his ties to the instrument. Connolly has been described as "king of the melodeon", the best player of his generation, and catalyst for increased interest in the single-row melodeon in Irish music.

He died in 2019, aged 75.

Connolly's son, Johnny Óg Connolly, plays the Irish button accordion.

Diatonic button accordion
A melodeon or diatonic button accordion is a member of the free-reed aerophone family of musical instruments.  It is a type of button accordion on which the melody-side keyboard contains one or more rows of buttons, with each row producing the notes of a single diatonic scale. The buttons on the bass-side keyboard are most commonly arranged in pairs, with one button of a pair sounding the fundamental of a chord and the other the corresponding major triad (or, sometimes, minor triad).

Diatonic button accordions are popular in many countries, and used mainly for playing popular music and traditional folk music, and modern offshoots of these genres.
Tariat inscriptions
The Tariat inscriptions appear on a stele found near the Hoid Terhyin River in Doloon Mod district, Arkhangai Province, modern-day Mongolia (the forms Terkhin and Terhyin are also used). The stele was erected by Bayanchur Khan of the Uyghur Khaganate in the middle of the eighth century (between 753 and 760 seems to be the best estimate).

Bayanchur Khan
Mo-yun Chur (磨延啜) (713–759) or Eletmish Bilge Qaghan was second qaghan of Uyghur Khaganate. His Tang dynasty invested title was Yingwu Weiyuan Pijia Qaghan (Chinese: 英武威遠毗伽闕可汗; lit. 'Brave and Martial qaghan', 'that awes the distant lands') or simply Yingwu Qaghan (Chinese: 英武可汗; lit. 'Brave and Martial qaghan'). He was also known as Gelei Qaghan (Chinese: 葛勒可汗; pinyin: Gélēi Kèhán). His official regnal name in Turkic was Tengrida Bolmish Eletmish Bilge Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰓𐰀⁚𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐱁⁚𐰠𐱅𐰢𐰾𐰋𐰠𐰏𐰀⁚𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Teŋride bolmuš El Etmiš Bilge Qaɣan, lit. 'Tengri-born State Founder Wise Qahgan'). He ordered the erection of the Tariat Inscriptions.
Cohen–Macaulay ring
In mathematics, a Cohen–Macaulay ring is a commutative ring with some of the algebro-geometric properties of a smooth variety, such as local equidimensionality. Under mild assumptions, a local ring is Cohen–Macaulay exactly when it is a finitely generated free module over a regular local subring. Cohen–Macaulay rings play a central role in commutative algebra: they form a very broad class, and yet they are well understood in many ways.

They are named for Francis Sowerby Macaulay (1916), who proved the unmixedness theorem for polynomial rings, and for Irvin Cohen (1946), who proved the unmixedness theorem for formal power series rings. All Cohen–Macaulay rings have the unmixedness property.

For Noetherian local rings, there is the following chain of inclusions.

Universally catenary rings ⊃  Cohen–Macaulay rings ⊃ Gorenstein rings ⊃ complete intersection rings ⊃ regular local rings

Irvin Cohen
Irvin Sol Cohen (1917 – February 14, 1955) was an American mathematician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who worked on local rings. He was a student of Oscar Zariski at Johns Hopkins University.

In his thesis he proved the Cohen structure theorem for complete Noetherian local rings. In 1946 he proved the unmixedness theorem for power series rings. As a result, Cohen–Macaulay rings are named after him and Francis Sowerby Macaulay.  In 1950, he proved that a commutative ring whose prime ideals are all finitely generated is a Noetherian ring.

Cohen and Abraham Seidenberg published their Cohen–Seidenberg theorems, also known as the going-up and going-down theorems. He also coauthored articles with Irving Kaplansky.  One of his doctoral students was R. Duncan Luce.
Nelly (2016 film)
Nelly is a 2016 Canadian biographical-drama film directed by Anne Émond and starring Mylène Mackay as Nelly Arcan, an award-winning Canadian author and former sex worker who committed suicide in 2009. The film is based on some of Arcan's own writings, including her book Putain.

After debuting at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival, the film received some positive reviews, including for Mackay's performance. It was nominated for two Canadian Screen Awards and won for Best Costume Design.

2016 Toronto International Film Festival
The 41st annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from 8 to 18 September 2016. The first announcement of films to be screened at the festival took place on 26 July. Almost 400 films were shown.
Princess Ketevan of Kakheti
Ketevan (Georgian: ქეთევანი; Persian: کتایون, romanized: Katāyūn; fl. 1737) was a Georgian princess royal (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty. She was a daughter of Teimuraz II and sister of Heraclius II and married the Afsharid Iranian royal Adel Shah (Ali-qoli Khan) in 1737.

Adel Shah
Ali-qoli Khan (Persian: علیقلی‌خان), commonly known by his regnal title Adel Shah (also spelled Adil; عادل‌شاه, "the Just King") was the second shah of Afsharid Iran, ruling from 1747 to 1748. He was the nephew and successor of Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747), the founder of the Afsharid dynasty.

Adel Shah ruled a considerably smaller realm than that of his predecessor. His rule was only secured in eastern Iran, and he later attempted to secure it in western Iran as well. Unsuccessful, he was soon deposed by his brother Ebrahim Afshar, who had established his rule in western Iran and now declared himself shah.
Torsburgen
Torsburgen, Tors borg or þors borg ("Thor's fort/castle") are the remains of an ancient hillfort in Kräklingbo on the Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. The fort is approximately 1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi), was constructed in the 1st-4th century and in use until the 12th century. Situated on a plateau hill it is protected by high cliffs and wall sections, almost 2 km (1.2 mi) long in total. The fort is featured in the Gutasaga. The plateau is also a nature reserve.

Kräklingbo
Kräklingbo (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈkrɛ̂ːklɪŋˌbuː]) is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Kräklingbo District, established on 1 January 2016.

The most visible feature at Kräklingbo is the Torsburgen, a fortified plateau. In 1992, it was the site of a large wildfire.
EiffelStudio
EiffelStudio is a development environment for one programming language, Eiffel. Both are developed and distributed by Eiffel Software.

EiffelStudio includes a combination of tools integrated under one user interface: compiler, interpreter, debugger, browser, metrics tool, profiler, diagram and code inspector tool. The user interface rests on a number of specific UI paradigms, especially "pick-and-drop" for effective browsing.

EiffelStudio is available on many platforms including Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, VMS, Raspberry Pi. The source code is free and open-source software, released under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Other commercial software licenses are also available.

Eiffel (programming language)
Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software. Meyer conceived the language in 1985 with the goal of increasing the reliability of commercial software development. The first version was released in 1986. In 2005, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) released a technical standard for Eiffel.

The design of the language is closely connected with the Eiffel programming method. Both are based on a set of principles, including design by contract, command–query separation, the uniform-access principle, the single-choice principle, the open–closed principle, and option–operand separation.

Many concepts initially introduced by Eiffel were later added into Java, C#, and other languages. New language design ideas, particularly through the Ecma/ISO standardization process, continue to be incorporated into the Eiffel language.
CHWE-FM
CHWE-FM (106.1 FM, "Energy 106") is a radio station in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Owned by Evanov Communications, it broadcasts a contemporary hit radio format.

CHWE-FM's studios and offices are located behind Polo Park at 202-1440 Jack Blick Avenue in Winnipeg, with sister stations CKJS-FM and CFJL-FM. The transmitter is located at Duff Roblin Provincial Park.

Evanov Communications
Evanov Communications is a Canadian radio broadcasting company. It is also the sole owner of Dufferin Communications Inc., 80% owner of Halifax Broadcasting Ltd. and Ottawa Media Inc. The group of Evanov companies owns and operates a number of radio stations in Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba and Nova Scotia.
Men (deity)
Mēn (Greek: Μήν "month; Moon", presumably influenced by Avestan måŋha) was a lunar god worshipped in the western interior parts of Anatolia. He is attested in various localized variants, such as Mēn Askaenos in Antioch in Pisidia, or Mēn Pharnakou at Ameria in Pontus.

Mēn was probably a Phrygian deity, associated with the local descendant of the Hitto-Luwian moon god Arma, and is often found in association with Persianate elements, especially with the goddess Anahita.
Lunar symbolism dominates his iconography. The god is usually shown with the horns of a crescent emerging from behind his shoulders, and he is described as the god presiding over the (lunar) months. Strabo describes Mēn as a local god of the Phrygians.
Mēn may also be influenced by the Zoroastrian lunar divinity Mah.

Cabira
Cabira or Kabeira (/kəˈbaɪrə/; Greek: τὰ Κάβειρα) was a town of ancient Pontus in Asia minor, at the base of the range of Paryadres, about 150 stadia south of Eupatoria or Magnopolis, which was at the junction of the Iris and the Lycus.
Practical joke device
A practical joke device is a toy intended to confuse, frighten, or amuse individuals as a prank. Often, these toys are harmless facsimiles of otherwise potentially disgusting or terrifying objects, such as vomit or spilled nail polish. In other instances, they are created as seemingly harmless items designed to humorously malfunction in such a way as to confuse or harm the target of a prank. The devices are frequently sold in magic or specialty shops, purchased over the Internet, or crafted for oneself.  One notable joke device is the whoopee cushion.

Although commonly employed at events and gatherings, practical joke devices are sometimes seen in everyday life, for example as a mechanism of play by children, or among adult co-workers in a work environment. In addition to commercially manufactured practical joke devices, everyday objects have been converted into joke devices by purveyors of pranks.

Practical joke
A practical joke or prank is a trick played on people, generally causing the victim to experience embarrassment, perplexity, confusion, discomfort, or irritation. The perpetrator of a practical joke is called a "practical joker" or "prankster". Other terms for practical jokes include gag,  rib, jape, shenanigan, and troll. Some countries in western nations make it tradition to carry out pranks on April Fools' Day and Mischief Night.
Mary Damron
Mary Jean Damron (April 17, 1954 – December 26, 2024), also known as The Shoebox Lady or Mama Gump, was an American humanitarian and missionary who was best known for her global work with Christian humanitarian aid organization Samaritan's Purse and the Operation Christmas Child program.

As part of her work with Operation Christmas Child, Damron traveled to more than 40 countries and four continents, and assisted in the delivery of gift-filled shoeboxes to children afflicted by war, famine, and poverty.

Samaritan's Purse
Samaritan's Purse is an evangelical Christian humanitarian aid organization that provides aid to people in physical need as a key part of its Christian missionary work. The organization's president is Franklin Graham, son of Christian evangelist Billy Graham. The name of the organization is derived from the New Testament Parable of the Good Samaritan. With international headquarters in Boone, United States, the organization also maintains warehouse and aviation facilities in nearby North Wilkesboro and Greensboro, North Carolina.
Barry Gration
Air Marshal Ian Barrington "Barry" Gration AO, AFC (born 30 June 1936) is a former senior officer in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), whose career culminated with his appointment as Chief of the Air Staff from 1992 to 1994.

Peter Gration
General Peter Courtney Gration, AC, OBE, FTSE (born 6 January 1932) is a retired senior Australian Army officer who served in the positions of Chief of the General Staff (1984–87) and Chief of the Defence Force (1987–93), the professional head of the Australian Army and Australian Defence Force, respectively.
Manfred Mann
Manfred Mann were an English-based rock band formed in London in 1962. They were named after their keyboardist Manfred Mann. The group had two lead vocalists: Paul Jones from 1962 to 1966 and Mike d'Abo from 1966 to 1969. Other members of various group line-ups were Mike Hugg, Mike Vickers, Dave Richmond, Tom McGuinness, Jack Bruce and Klaus Voormann.

Prominent in the Swinging London scene of the 1960s, the group regularly appeared in the UK Singles Chart. Their breakthrough hit "5-4-3-2-1" (1964) was the theme tune for the ITV pop music show Ready Steady Go!. The band achieved a UK and US No. 1 hit with "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" (1964) and two further UK No. 1 singles, "Pretty Flamingo" (1966) and "Mighty Quinn" (1968).

Mike Hugg
Michael John Hugg (born 11 August 1940) is a British musician who was a founding member of the 1960s group Manfred Mann, and co-founder of the psychedelic jazz-fusion group, Manfred Mann Chapter Three. He is known for his creativity in his music, and made jingles for advertisements.
Sinasina language
Sinasina is a term used to refer to for several Chimbu–Wahgi language varieties of Tabare Rural LLG (also called Sinasina), Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea. The term 'Sinasina' as a language name is an exonym. Speakers of the varieties of this region instead refer to their languages with tok ples vernacular languages endonyms, including: Dinga, Gunangi, Kebai, Kere, Kondo, Nimai, Tabare. The Kere community also has a deaf sign language, Sinasina Sign Language.

Sinasina Sign Language
Sinasian Sign Language (SSSL) is a village sign language of the Sinasina valley in Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. This language is used by approximately 3 deaf and 50 hearing individuals, including members of the Kere community. SSSL was first encountered and reported by linguist Samantha Rarrick in 2016. Documentation efforts are ongoing.

Sinasina Sign Language may have lexical similarities with another village sign language in the region, Kailge Sign Language, but its genetic affiliation has yet to be established.