hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation
The Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation (Irish: An Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin) is a department of the Government of Ireland. It is led by the Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation.

The department was established in July 2011, and took over the functions of public expenditure from the Department of Finance. The department is also responsible for overseeing the reform of the public sector.

Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation
The Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation (Irish: An tAire Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation.

The Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation since January 2025 is Jack Chambers, TD.

He is assisted by two Ministers of State:

Kevin "Boxer" Moran, TD – Minister of State for the Office of Public Works; and

Emer Higgins, TD – Minister of State for public procurement, digitalisation and eGovernment.

The office was created in July 2011, taking over some of the functions of the Minister for Finance.
Pennsylvania Route 231
Pennsylvania Route 231 (PA 231) is a 26.7-mile-long (43.0 km) state highway located in Washington County, Pennsylvania.  The southern terminus is at PA 18 near Old Concord.  The northern terminus is at PA 50 in Avella.

Pennsylvania Route 18
Pennsylvania Route 18 (PA 18) is a major north–south highway in Western Pennsylvania whose southern terminus is at the West Virginia state line, where it continues as WV 69, while the northern terminus is at PA 5 in Lake City. At a length of 205 miles (330 km), PA 18 is the only state route in Pennsylvania — north–south or east–west — to traverse the entire state. It also has the distinction of being the longest state route in Pennsylvania.
Pulham St Mary
Pulham Saint Mary is a rural village and civil parish in Norfolk, that lies next to the village of Pulham Market. It is situated approximately 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Diss and 15 miles (24 km) south of Norwich, covers an area of 12.26 km2 (4.73 sq mi) and a population of 892 at the 2011 census.

Pulham Market
Pulham Market is a village and civil parish in Norfolk, England, about 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Diss and 14 miles (23 km) south of Norwich. The parish covers an area of 12.08 km2 (4.66 sq mi) and had a population of 977 at the 2011 census, a slight decrease from 999 in 443 households at the 2001 census. It includes the hamlet of Bush Green.
Civil partnership in the United Kingdom
Civil partnership in the United Kingdom is a form of civil union between couples open to both same-sex couples and opposite-sex couples. It was introduced via the Civil Partnership Act 2004 by the Labour government. The act initially permitted only same-sex couples to form civil partnerships, but the law was expanded to include different-sex couples in 2019.

Civil Partnership Act 2004
The Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, introduced by the Labour government, which grants civil partnerships in the United Kingdom the rights and responsibilities very similar to those in civil marriage. Initially the act permitted only same-sex couples to form civil partnerships. This was altered to include opposite-sex couples in 2019. Civil partners are entitled to the same property rights as married couples, the same exemption as married couples regarding social security and pension benefits, and also the ability to exercise parental responsibility for a partner's children, as well as responsibility for reasonable maintenance of one's partner and their children, tenancy rights, full life insurance recognition, next-of-kin rights in hospitals, and others. There is a formal process for dissolving civil partnerships, akin to divorce.
Iron Pagoda
The Iron Pagoda (Chinese: 鐵塔) of Youguo Temple (佑國寺), Kaifeng City, Henan province, is a Chinese pagoda built in 1049. Unlike the Yu Quan pagoda of Dangang, the Iron pagoda is so-named not because it is made of iron, but because its color resembles that of iron. It is a brick pagoda tower built on the location of a previous wooden one that had been burnt down by lightning fire in 1044. Along with the Liuhe, Lingxiao, Liaodi, Pizhi, and Beisi pagodas, it is seen as a masterpiece of Song dynasty architecture. The Iron Pagoda is often confused with the Yu Quan Pagoda of Dangyang, which is the pagoda that is almost entirely made out of cast iron.

Youguo Temple
Youguo Temple (Chinese: 佑國寺) is a Buddhist monastery complex located northeast of Kaifeng, in Henan province, China. It was built during the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE). The design features the Iron Pagoda towering in the center of the complex, in a style that flourished in Chinese Buddhist temple architecture through the 11th century.
Iowa City Transit
Iowa City Transit is an American public transit system serving Iowa City, Iowa. The service provides several routes serving various areas of the city as well as University Heights, originating and terminating at the Iowa City Downtown Interchange. In addition, a loop route is provided for school students at the beginning and end of each school day. In addition to Iowa City Transit, Coralville Transit, the University of Iowa Cambus, and the 380 Express also provide transit service in the Iowa City area, and Iowa City Transit shares several bus stops with them.

380 Express
The 380 Express is a commuter bus service between Cedar Rapids and Iowa City. As of 2021, the system provided 44,072 rides over 11,264 annual vehicle revenue hours with 4 buses. The service is operated by Windstar Lines, which is contracted by the East Central Iowa Council of Governments (ECICOG).
Ernest Hogan
Ernest Hogan (born Ernest Reuben Crowdus; 1865 – May 20, 1909) was the first Black American entertainer to produce and star in a Broadway show, The Oyster Man in 1907, (shows at the African Grove Theatre preceded it by generations) and helped to popularize the musical genre of ragtime.

A native of Bowling Green, Kentucky, Hogan worked in traveling minstrel shows as a dancer, musician, and comedian as a teenager. In 1895 Hogan composed several popular songs, including "La Pas Ma La" and "All Coons Look Alike to Me." The success of the latter song created many derogatory imitations, known as "coon songs," because of their use of racist and stereotypical images of black people. Hogan also wrote "The Phrenologist Coon" in 1901.

Hogan was considered one of the most talented performers and comedians of his day.

Coon song
Coon songs or Blackface songs  were a genre of music that presented a stereotype of black people. They were popular in the United States and Australia from around 1880 to 1920, though the earliest such songs date from minstrel shows as far back as 1848, when they were not yet identified with the "coon" epithet. The genre became extremely popular, with white and black men giving performances in blackface and making recordings. Women known as coon shouters also gained popularity in the genre.
James Stack (missionary)
James Stack (1 September 1801 – 18 April 1883) was a Wesleyan Methodist missionary at Kaeo, New Zealand, in the 19th century. He later became an Anglican missionary and a member of the Church Missionary Society (CMS). In 1827, he experienced the Wesleydale Methodist Mission being ransacked by warriors of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe). In the late 1830s, he worked with other CMS missionaries in Te Papa Mission at Tauranga, after a war party led by Te Waharoa, the leader of the Ngāti Hauā, attacked neighbouring tribes in Rotorua and Tauranga. He later worked with William Williams in the mission to the Māori of the Gisborne District.

William Williams (bishop)
To be distinguished from William Williams (missionary) (1859–1892) in Khasi Hills India

William Williams (18 July 1800 – 9 February 1878) was consecrated as the first Anglican Bishop of Waiapu, New Zealand, on 3 April 1859 by the General Synod at Wellington. His son, Leonard Williams became the third Bishop of Waiapu and his grandson, Herbert Williams, the sixth. His brother, the Rev. Henry Williams, led the Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission in New Zealand. William Williams led the CMS missionaries in translating the Bible into Māori and published an early dictionary and grammar of the Māori language.
Train Fever
Train Fever is a business simulation game by Swiss developer Urban Games, funded via the crowdfunding platform Gambitious on 20 March 2012 for a total budget of €300,000 and therefore published digitally by Gambitious Digital Entertainment and to retail by Astragon.

Train Fever was made available for pre-order on 22 July 2014 and released on 4 September. On 8 November 2016 the successor, Transport Fever, was released: it is based on the same engine and has new transport types and larger map sizes.

The game is heavily inspired from other transport simulation games, such as Transport Tycoon, Railroad Tycoon and OpenTTD; and, to a lesser extent, Cities in Motion.

Transport Fever
Transport Fever is a business video game series developed by Urban Games and published by Gambitious Digital Entertainment. The franchise was introduced in 2014, when the first game was titled as Train Fever, with the latest game titled as Transport Fever 2 released in 2019. An upcoming instalment, Transport Fever 3, was announced in May 2025, scheduled for a 2026 release.
Yoshinori Shirakawa
Baron Yoshinori Shirakawa  (白川 義則, Shirakawa Yoshinori; January 24, 1869 – May 26, 1932) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He died from injuries caused by a bomb set by Korean independence activist Yun Bong-gil in Shanghai.

Yun Bong-gil
Yun Bong-gil (Korean: 윤봉길; Hanja: 尹奉吉; 21 June 1908 – 19 December 1932) was a Korean independence activist. His art name is Maeheon (매헌). He is most notable for his role in the Hongkou Park Incident, in which he set off a bomb that killed two Japanese colonial government and army officials in Shanghai's Hongkou Park (now Lu Xun Park) in 1932. He was posthumously awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation in 1962 by the South Korean government.

Yun Bong-gil memorials were built in South Korea (Seoul and Yesan), China (Shanghai), and Japan (Kanazawa).
Oi! The Album
Oi! The Album is a 1980 Oi! compilation album, released in 1980 by EMI, then re-released by Captain Oi! and Cleopatra Records on CD in later years. It was conceived and compiled by then Sounds columnist Garry Bushell who had coined the phrase "Oi!" to denote what he called a new breed of working class punk rock with "terrace" or mob choruses. Of the bands labelled 'Oi!', Bushell had managed the Cockney Rejects and went on to manage the Blood.

The album became the first in a series, followed by Strength Thru Oi! (Oi 2, 1981), Carry On Oi! (Oi 3!, 1981), Oi! Oi! That's Yer Lot! (Oi/4, 1982), Son of Oi! (1983) and The Oi! of Sex (1984).

Oi! Oi! That's Yer Lot!
Oi! Oi! That's Yer Lot! is a 1982 Oi! compilation album, featuring various artists and released by Secret Records. It is also known as Oi/4.

Compiled by Garry Bushell, the album was the sequel to Oi! The Album (1980), Strength Thru Oi! (Oi 2, 1981) and Carry On Oi! (Oi 3!, 1981).  The title derives from the catchphrase of comedian Jimmy Wheeler.
2025 Under-20 Intercontinental Cup
The 2025 Under-20 Intercontinental Cup (Spanish: Sub-20 Intercontinental 2025) was the fourth edition of the UEFA–CONMEBOL Under-20 Intercontinental Cup, an annual one-off football match organised by CONMEBOL and UEFA between the winners of the U-20 Copa Libertadores and UEFA Youth League. As host confederation, CONMEBOL was in charge of the main organization of this edition.

The match was played on 23 August 2025 at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between the Brazilian team Flamengo, the 2025 U-20 Copa Libertadores champions and the title holders having won the previous edition, and Spanish team Barcelona, the 2024–25 UEFA Youth League champions.

Flamengo successfully defended their title after defeating Barcelona by a 6–5 on a penalty shoot-out.

2025 U-20 Copa Libertadores
The 2025 U-20 Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores (Spanish: Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores Sub-20 2025) was the 9th edition of the U-20 CONMEBOL Libertadores (also referred to as the U-20 Copa Libertadores), South America's premier under-20 club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. It was held in Paraguay from 1 to 16 March 2025.

Defending champions Flamengo successfully retained their title, defeating fellow Brazilian side Palmeiras 3–2 on penalties following a 1-1 draw in regular time in the final. As winners of the 2025 U-20 Copa Libertadores, Flamengo earned the right to play against the winners of the 2024–25 UEFA Youth League in the 2025 Under-20 Intercontinental Cup.
Siam Square
13°44′39.95″N 100°31′59.3″E﻿ / ﻿13.7444306°N 100.533139°E﻿ / 13.7444306; 100.533139

Siam Square (Thai: สยามสแควร์, pronounced [sā.jǎːm sā.kʰwɛ̄ː]) is a shopping and entertainment area in the Siam area of Bangkok, Thailand. The square is located at the corner of Phayathai Road and Rama I Road and is owned by Chulalongkorn University, managed by its Property Management Office, known as "Chula Property". It is connected to nearby shopping centers and shopping districts, such as MBK Center, Siam Paragon, and Ratchaprasong shopping district, by a skywalk.

MBK Center
Thailand portal

Architecture portal

MBK Center (Thai: เอ็มบีเค เซ็นเตอร์), also known by its former name as Mahbunkhrong (Thai: มาบุญครอง, RTGS: Mabunkhrong, pronounced [māː.būn.kʰrɔ̄ːŋ]), is a large shopping mall in Siam area, Bangkok, Thailand. At eight storeys, the center contains around 2,000 shops, restaurants and service outlets.

In 2009, MBK Center management reported daily visitor numbers of more than 100,000, half of whom were young Thai people and a third foreign visitors.
Pandora (Cooper novel)
Pandora is a 2002 novel by English writer Jilly Cooper. It is the seventh novel in the Rutshire Chronicles series. Set in the art world, the book follows the career of Raymond Belvedon, who whilst a young army officer in the Second World War, steals a painting called Pandora. The painting is later stolen from his family home and the novel follows the cast as they locate the painting. The denouement of the novel is a record-breaking sale at Sotheby's with the sale of Pandora as the centrepiece. Quentin Letts described the novel as Cooper "back on nostril-flaring, leg-splaying top form", whilst Robert Macfarlane described the novel's sexual activities as usually simple and happy, where "mutuality of orgasm is a given".

Rutshire Chronicles
The Rutshire Chronicles is a series of romantic novels by Jilly Cooper. Set in the fictional county of Rutshire, characters recur across the series repeatedly, including the upper-class MP Rupert Campbell-Black. The first book in the series was published in 1985, and the last in 2023. Three of the books from the series, Riders, Rivals and The Man Who Made Husbands Jealous, have been adapted for television, in 1993, 2023 and 1997 respectively.
Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier
The Gerald R. Ford-class nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are currently being constructed for the United States Navy, which intends to eventually acquire ten of these ships in order to replace current carriers on a one-for-one basis, starting with the lead ship of her class, Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78), replacing Enterprise (CVN-65), and later the Nimitz-class carriers. The new vessels have a hull similar to the Nimitz class, but they carry technologies since developed with the CVN(X)/CVN-21 program, such as the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS), as well as other design features intended to improve efficiency and reduce operating costs, including sailing with smaller crews. This class of aircraft carriers is named after former U.S. president Gerald R. Ford. CVN-78 was procured in 2008 and commissioned into service in July 2017. The second ship of the class, John F. Kennedy (CVN-79), initially scheduled to enter service in 2025, is now expected to be commissioned in 2027.

USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)
USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79) is the second Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier built for the United States Navy. She  was launched on October 29, 2019, and christened on December 7, 2019. She is currently scheduled to be delivered to the Navy in March 2027.
Sandra Boëlle
Sandrine "Sandra" Boëlle (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃dʁa bɔɛl]; née Bachy, 26 May 1961) is a French politician who represented the 14th constituency of Paris in the National Assembly from 2020 to 2022. A member of The Republicans (LR), she succeeded Claude Goasguen as his substitute upon his death.

Claude Goasguen
Claude Goasguen (12 March 1945 – 28 May 2020) was a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly for Paris from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1997 until his death in 2020. A member of The Republicans, he also briefly was Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralisation and Citizenship in 1995 under Prime Minister Alain Juppé.
Peter II of Russia
Peter II Alexeyevich (23 October 1715 – 30 January 1730) was Emperor of Russia from 1727 until 1730, when he died at the age of 14. He was the only son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg.  After Catherine I's death, Alexander Menshikov controlled Peter II, but was thwarted by his opponents and exiled by Peter. Peter was also influenced by favorites like Prince Aleksey Dolgorukov, leading to a neglect of state affairs and the tightening of serfdom. Peter's reign was marked by disengagement, disorder, and indulgence. He was engaged to Ekaterina Dolgorukova, but died suddenly of smallpox before the marriage, thus making him the last male agnatic member of the House of Romanov.

Catherine I of Russia
Catherine I (born Marta Helena Skowrońska; Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Михайлова; 15 April 1684 - 17 May 1727) was Empress of Russia from 1725 to 1727. She was previously empress consort of Russia from 1721 to 1725 as the second wife of Peter the Great, and tsaritsa consort from 1712 to 1721.
Hydroentanglement
Hydroentanglement is a bonding process for wet or dry fibrous webs made by either carding, airlaying or wet-laying, the resulting bonded fabric being a nonwoven. It uses fine, high pressure jets of water which penetrate the web, hit the conveyor belt (or "wire" as in papermaking conveyor) and bounce back causing the fibres to entangle.

Hydroentanglement is sometimes known as spunlacing, this term arising because the early nonwovens were entangled on conveyors with a patterned weave which gave the nonwovens a lacy appearance. It can also be regarded as a two-dimensional equivalent of spinning fibres into yarns prior to weaving. The water pressure has a direct bearing on the gsm, and strength of the web, and very high pressures not only entangle but can also split fibres into micro- and nano-fibres which give the resulting hydroentangled nonwoven a leatherlike or even silky texture. This type of nonwoven can be as strong and tough as woven fabrics made from the same fibres.

Nonwoven fabric
Nonwoven fabric or non-woven fabric is a fabric-like material made from staple fibre (short) and long fibres (continuous long), bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor knitted. Some non-woven materials lack sufficient strength unless densified or reinforced by a backing. In recent years, non-wovens have become an alternative to polyurethane foam.
Arnold Skaaland
Arnold Skaaland (January 21, 1925 – March 13, 2007) was an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager.

Following a stint in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, Skaaland began wrestling in 1946 under his real name. Given the nickname “Golden Boy,” he became a part of the World Wide Wrestling Federation in 1963, and in 1967, won the WWWF United States Tag Team Championship with Spiros Arion.

In 1978, Skaaland retired from in-ring competition and transitioned into a manager; unlike most managers, he managed faces instead of heels. Skaaland's most notable clients included Bruno Sammartino and Bob Backlund. Skaaland later became a road agent for the WWF, and was inducted into the WWF Hall of Fame in 1994.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
The Wolf Among Us 2
The Wolf Among Us 2 is an upcoming episodic adventure game developed and published by Telltale Games. It is a sequel to the 2013 game The Wolf Among Us, with the title taking place six months following the events of the previous title. Until 2023, AdHoc Studio was contracted to develop the game for Telltale and had scripted the full season, but pulled out due to creative differences.

Telltale Games (2018–present)
LCG Entertainment, Inc., doing business as Telltale Games, is an American video game developer and publisher based in Malibu, California. The company was established after the original Telltale Games filed for assignment in October 2018 and were forced to shut down and sell off assets. LCG Entertainment had been able to acquire the rights to much of the original Telltale intellectual property (IP), including branding, games, and game licenses, and announced in August 2019 they would be bringing the old Telltale Games titles back.
Old Somerby
Old Somerby (pronounced Summerby) is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, 3 miles (5 km) south-east of Grantham. It lies on the B1176 road, with the village centre about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of its junction with the A52 and B6403, and adjacent to the East Coast Main Line.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.