hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Desman
Desmans are aquatic insectivores of the tribe Desmanini (also considered a subfamily, Desmaninae) in the mole family, Talpidae.

This tribe consists of two living species found in Europe: the Russian desman (Desmana moschata) in European Russia, and the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees. Both species are endangered, the Russian desman critically so. They have webbed paws and their front paws are not well-adapted for digging. Desmans were much more diverse and widespread during the Miocene, with two genera, Gaillardia and Magnatalpa, being present in North America. Both living species are thought to have derived from the fossil genus Archaeodesmana.

Russian desman
The Russian desman (Desmana moschata; Russian: выхухоль vykhukhol') is a small semiaquatic mammal that inhabits the Volga, Don and Ural River basins in Russia. Some authorities, citing old Soviet sources, claim the animal can be found in Eastern Ukraine and Northern Kazakhstan, but, as of 2020, the accuracy of such claims is disputed. It constructs burrows into the banks of ponds and slow-moving streams, but prefers small, overgrown ponds with abundance of insects, crayfish and amphibians. The Russian desman often lives in small groups of two to five animals, that are usually not related, and appears to have a complex (but largely unstudied) communication and social system.
Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne
Heaton is a district and suburb in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, in Tyne and Wear, England, two miles (three kilometres) east of the city centre. It is bordered by the neighbouring areas of Walkergate to the east, Jesmond to the north west, Byker to the south, and Sandyford to the west. The name Heaton means high town, referring to the area "being situated on hills above the Ouseburn, a tributary of the River Tyne." The area is divided into South Heaton, and High Heaton, representing the north, respectively. For city council elections, the area is split between three wards: Heaton, Manor Park and Ouseburn. Until 1974 it was in Northumberland.

Byker
Byker is a district in the east of the city and metropolitan borough of Newcastle upon Tyne, in the county of Tyne and Wear, England. Home to the Byker Wall estate, made famous by TV series Byker Grove, Byker's population was recorded at 12,206 in the 2011 census. Byker is bordered by Heaton to the north and by Shieldfield to the north east. Until 1974 it was in Northumberland.
Sedimentary structures
Sedimentary structures include all kinds of features in sediments and sedimentary rocks, formed at the time of deposition.

Sediments and sedimentary rocks are characterized by bedding, which occurs when layers of sediment, with different particle sizes are deposited on top of each other. These beds range from millimeters to centimeters thick and can even go to meters or multiple meters thick.

Sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding, graded bedding, and ripple marks are utilized in stratigraphic studies. They help indicate the original position of strata in geologically complex terrains. They also provide insight into the depositional environment of the sediment.

Depositional environment
In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record. In most cases, the environments associated with particular rock types or associations of rock types can be matched to existing analogues. However, the further back in geological time sediments were deposited, the more likely that direct modern analogues are not available (e.g. banded iron formations).
MV Loch Seaforth (2014)
MV Loch Seaforth is a ferry operated by Caledonian MacBrayne between Stornoway and Ullapool. She was launched on 21 March 2014 and entered service in mid-February 2015, replacing both the former vessel, 1995-built MV Isle of Lewis and a chartered freight vessel (latterly MS Clipper Ranger).

MV Isle of Lewis
MV Isle of Lewis is a ro-ro ferry operated by Caledonian MacBrayne between Oban and Castlebay, Barra. Built in 1995, she remains one of only three ships in the CalMac fleet over 100 metres (328 ft) in length; the others, Loch Seaforth, being longer by almost 15 metres and Glen Sannox being just over 1 metre longer.

Originally built to operate between Ullapool and Stornoway, Isle of Lewis rarely deviated from that route for 20 years. Since March 2016, she has served the Isle of Barra all year round from Oban. The only other routes operated by CalMac she has ever worked on is the triangle between Uig, Lochmaddy & Tarbert and between Oban and Craignure, but only ever during an emergency.
Tokunoshima
Tokunoshima (Japanese: 徳之島; Tokunoshima: Tukunushima), or Tokuno Island, is an island in the Amami archipelago of the southern Satsunan Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

The island has a population of approximately 27,000 in an area od 247.85 km2 (95.70 sq mi). The island is divided into three administrative towns: Tokunoshima, Isen, and Amagi. The largest population centre on the island is the town of Kametsu, located along the eastern shore of the island within the administrative town of Tokunoshima. Much of the island is within the borders of Amami Guntō National Park.

The island is known for having the highest fertility rate in Japan (2.25 between 2018 and 2022) as well as a significant population of supercentenarians (people living beyond the age of 110).

Satsunan Islands
The Satsunan Islands (薩南諸島, Satsunan-shotō) is a geopolitical name for a group of islands that forms the northern part of the Ryukyu Islands. The whole island group belongs to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
Lada Xray
The Lada XRAY is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by the Russian car manufacturer AvtoVAZ. Designed by a team led by Steve Mattin, the chief designer of the Lada Vesta, it was first presented as a concept in August 2012 at the Moscow International Automobile Salon. A newer version, the Lada XRAY Concept 2, debuted in August 2014. The production version of the Lada XRAY was released for sale in early 2016 and ceased in 2022 for unavailability of parts due to the international sanctions after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Lada Vesta
The Lada Vesta is a compact car produced by the Russian car company AvtoVAZ since 2015. It was presented in August 2014 during the Moscow International Automobile Salon and went into mass production on 25 September 2015 in Izhevsk.
Ten Creeks Run
Ten Creeks Run : A Tale of the Horse and Cattle Stations of the Murrumbidgee (1930) is a novel by Australian writer Miles Franklin.

Originally published as by "Brent of Bin Bin", this novel forms the second part of a trilogy, preceded by Up the Country (1928) and followed by Cockatoos (1955).

Up the Country (novel)
Up the Country : A Tale of Early Australian Squattocracy (1928) is a novel by Australian writer Miles Franklin.

Originally published as by "Brent of Bin Bin", this novel forms the first part of a trilogy, followed by Ten Creeks Run (1930) and Cockatoos (1955).
Pastitsio
Pastitsio (Greek: παστίτσιο, pastítsio) is a baked pasta dish with ground meat and béchamel sauce, which came from the Ionian Islands to Greece. Variations of the dish are found in other countries near the Mediterranean Sea.

Ground meat
Ground meat, called mince or minced meat outside North America, is meat finely chopped by a meat grinder or a chopping knife. A common type of ground meat is ground beef, but many other types of meats are prepared in a similar fashion, including pork, veal, lamb, goat meat, and poultry.
Kay Lohrasp
Kay Lohrasp (Persian: لهراسپ) was a legendary Iranian king who ruled Iran after Kay Khosrow. He had two brave sons Vishtaspa (also known as Gushtasp) and the younger Zarir. Vishtaspa ruled Iran after his father. One of Kay Lohrasp most notable works is the construction of a Fire temple.

Kay Khosrow
Kay Khosrow (Persian: کیخسرو) is a legendary king of Iran of Kayanian dynasty and a character in the Persian epic book Shahnameh. He was the son of the Iranian prince Siavash who married princess Farangis of Turan while in exile. Before Kay Khosrow was born, his father was murdered in Turan by his maternal grandfather Afrasiab. Kay Khosrow was trained as a child in the desert by Piran, the wise vizier of Afrasiab. His paternal grandfather was Kay Kāvus, the legendary Shah of Iran who chose him as his heir when he returned to Iran with his mother. The name Kay Khosrow derives from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 Kauui Haosrauuaŋha, meaning "seer/poet who has good fame".
Arthur Lett-Haines
Arthur Lett-Haines (2 November 1894 – 25 February 1978), known as Lett Haines, was a British painter and sculptor who experimented in many different media, though he generally characterised himself as "an English surrealist". He was part of a London artistic circle, which included D. H. Lawrence, the Sitwells and Wyndham Lewis, but for most of his life lived with the painter and gardener Cedric Morris in Cornwall, Paris and finally Suffolk.

Cedric Morris
Sir Cedric Lockwood Morris, 9th Baronet (11 December 1889 – 8 February 1982) was a British artist, art teacher and plantsman. He was born in Swansea in South Wales, but worked mainly in East Anglia. As an artist he is best known for his portraits, flower paintings and landscapes.
2024 Jeddah Formula 2 round
The 2024 Jeddah FIA Formula 2 round was a motor race that was held between 7 March and 9 March 2024 at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit in Jeddah, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia. It was the second race of the 2024 FIA Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2024 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix.

2024 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix
The 2024 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 STC Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 2024) was a Formula One motor race held on 9 March 2024 at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The race was the second round of the 2024 Formula One World Championship.

Max Verstappen won the race from pole position, taking his 100th podium, his ninth victory in a row, and his second victory of the season. This race saw the Grand Prix debut of Formula 2 driver Oliver Bearman, who substituted for Carlos Sainz Jr. at Ferrari. Bearman finished in seventh place scoring his first points in Formula One.
Hamburger Segel-Club
The Hamburger Segel-Club (Hamburg Sailing Club) (HSC), is one of the oldest and most active sailing clubs in Germany. The club is located by the shores of Lake Außenalster, in the heart of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

HSC is one of the organizers of the Kiel Week together with the Yacht Club of Kiel, the Verein Seglerhaus am Wannsee and the Norddeutscher Regattaverein. Taking place in the Bay of Kiel, this annual event is one of the largest and most prestigious sailing regattas in the world. The HSC also assists the Yacht Club of Lübeck and the Norddeutscher Regattaverein in the organization of the Travemünder Woche.

Norddeutscher Regatta Verein
Norddeutscher Regatta Verein (NRV), approx. meaning "North German Regatta Club", is a yacht club in Germany. This club is based in Uhlenhorst, Hamburg, Germany; the clubhouse is located at Hamburg's Lake Außenalster. Founded in 1868, it is one of the oldest and largest yacht clubs in Germany, with some 2,000 members.

Norddeutscher Regatta Verein is one of the organizers of Kiel Week, together with the Yacht Club of Kiel, the Verein Seglerhaus am Wannsee and the Hamburger Sailing Club. Taking place in the Bay of Kiel, this annual event is one of the largest and most prestigious sailing regattas in the world. The NRV also assists the Yacht Club of Lübeck in the organization of the Travemünder Woche.
Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov
Count Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov (Russian: Па́вел Андре́евич Шува́лов; Leipzig/Saint Petersburg, 25 November [O.S. 13 November] 1830 – Yalta, 20 April [O.S. 7 April] 1908) was an Imperial Russian statesman and the brother of Count Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov.

Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov
Count Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov (Russian: Граф Пётр Андре́евич Шува́лов) (27 July 1827, Saint Petersburg – 22 March 1889, Saint Petersburg) was an influential Russian statesman and a counselor to Tsar Alexander II.
Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia
The Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia (Slovak: Slovenská evanjelická augsburského vyznania cirkev v Srbsku, abbreviated SEAVC) is a Lutheran church in Serbia.

This, the largest Protestant church in former Yugoslavia, has around 40,000 members. They are organized in 27 communities and are led by 20 pastors.

Most members live in Vojvodina, an autonomous province in the Republic of Serbia north of the Sava and Danube; its headquarters are accordingly in Novi Sad. Until the founding of Yugoslavia, the communities belonged to the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Hungary.

The pastors are trained together with the pastors of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia, in Bratislava. In parish life, the Slovak language is the most widely used.
The SEAVC is a member of the Lutheran World Federation and of the World Council of Churches.

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia
The Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia (in Slovak Evanjelická cirkev augsburského vyznania na Slovensku, ECAV) is the only Lutheran church in Slovakia. The Church is a member of the Ecumenical Council of Churches in Slovakia, and the Lutheran World Federation (Central Eastern Europe Region).
Cumberland County, Virginia
Cumberland County is a quiet, rural United States county located near the geographic center of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The county's population is 9,675, as of the 2020 census, and the county seat is the small town of Cumberland.

The county was created in 1749 from part of Goochland County, and was named in honor of  Prince William Augustus, the Duke of Cumberland at the time.  In April 1776, it became the first Virginia county to call for independence from Great Britain.

Goochland County, Virginia
Goochland County is a county located in the Piedmont of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its southern border is formed by the James River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,727. Its county seat is Goochland.

Goochland County is included in the Greater Richmond Region.
Jeu de mail
Jeu de mail or jeu de maille ('pallamaglio' in Italian, Middle French for 'mallet game', or sometimes interpreted as 'straw game') is an ancient outdoor game, originally from Naples, which gave rise to numerous modern sports, such as golf, croquet, hockey and its variations, and polo. It is a now-obsolete lawn game originating in the Late Middle Ages and mostly played in the Kingdom of Naples and France, surviving in some locales into the 20th century. It is a form of ground billiards, using one or more balls, a stick with a mallet-like head, and usually featuring one or more targets such as hoops or holes. Jeu de mail was ancestral to the games golf, palle-malle and croquet, and (by moving it indoors and playing on a table with smaller equipment), billiards.

Pall-mall
Pall-mall, paille-maille, palle-maille, pell-mell, or palle-malle (/ˈpælˈmæl/, /ˈpɛlˈmɛl/, also US: /ˈpɔːlˈmɔːl/) is a lawn game (though primarily played on earth surfaces rather than grass) that was mostly played in the 16th and 17th centuries. It is considered a precursor to croquet.
Palestinian Security Services
The Palestinian Security Services (PSS) are the armed forces and intelligence agencies of the State of Palestine. They comprise twelve branches, notably the Security Forces, the civil police, the Presidential Guard and the national security forces. The President of the Palestinian National Authority is Commander-in-Chief of the Palestinian Forces.

One in 16 West Bank Palestinians work for these branches, making the area one of the most policed populations in the world. Both their training and funding are mainly provided by the United States and Israel. The Palestinian Authority spends more on its security than the combined budgetry disbursements it makes for education and health services.

Palestinian Presidential Guard
The Palestinian Presidential Guard (officially known as the Special Presidential Guard (SPG); Arabic: الحرس الرئاسي الفلسطيني) is a branch of the Palestinian Security Services under the direct control of the President of the State of Palestine. Its primary role is protection of the President and other VIPs, as well as performing ceremonial functions. The force may also perform special combat functions.
Holy Loch
The Holy Loch (Scottish Gaelic: An Loch Sianta/Seunta) is a sea loch, part of the Firth of Clyde, in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.

The "Holy Loch" name is believed to date from the 6th century, when Saint Munn landed there after leaving Ireland. Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum is said to stand where Saint Munn's church was once located.

Robertson's Yard at Sandbank, a village on the loch, was a major wooden boat building company in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

During World War II, the loch was used as a British Royal Navy submarine base. From 1961 to 1992, it was used as a United States Navy ballistic missile submarine base. In 1992, the Holy Loch base was deemed unnecessary following the demise of the Soviet Union and subsequently closed.

Firth of Clyde
The Firth of Clyde is the estuary of the River Clyde, on the west coast of Scotland. The Firth has some of the deepest coastal waters of the British Isles and is sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by the Kintyre Peninsula.  The Firth lies between West Dunbartonshire in the north, Argyll and Bute in the west, and Inverclyde, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire in the east. Kilbrannan Sound is a large arm of the Firth, separating the Kintyre Peninsula from the Isle of Arran. The Kyles of Bute separates the Isle of Bute from the Cowal Peninsula. The Sound of Bute separates the islands of Bute and Arran.

The Highland Boundary Fault crosses the Firth.  The Firth also played a vital military role during World War II.

The Firth is sometimes called the Clyde Waters or Clyde Sea. It is customarily considered to be part of the Irish Sea.
Identity-based encryption
Identity-based encryption (IBE), is an  important primitive of identity-based cryptography. As such it is a type of public-key encryption in which the public key of a user is some unique information about the identity of the user (e.g. a user's email address).  This means that a sender who has access to the public parameters of the system can encrypt a message using e.g. the text-value of the receiver's name or email address as a key. The receiver obtains its decryption key from a central authority, which needs to be trusted as it generates secret keys for every user.

Identity-based encryption was proposed by Adi Shamir in 1984. He was however only able to give an instantiation of identity-based signatures. Identity-based encryption remained an open problem for many years.

The pairing-based Boneh–Franklin scheme and Cocks's encryption scheme based on quadratic residues both solved the IBE problem in 2001.

Boneh–Franklin scheme
The Boneh–Franklin scheme is an identity-based encryption system proposed by Dan Boneh and Matthew K. Franklin in 2001. This article refers to the protocol version called BasicIdent. It is an application of pairings (Weil pairing) over elliptic curves and finite fields.
Madang F.C.
Madang Football Club, formerly known as Madang Flying Fox, Madang Niupetro Fox or simply Madang Fox, was a Papua New Guinea soccer club, based in Madang.

The club was one of the founding members of the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League in 2006, alongside Hekari United, Morobe FC, Gelle Hills and Welgris Highlanders, and are the only founding member still participating in the division, due to clubs folding or defecting to the rival Papua New Guinea National Premier League.

Their most successful spell has come in recent years, since the NSL–NPL split, with the side having qualified for two consecutive OFC Champions League seasons, in 2017. and 2018.
Since 2019, they merged with Tusbab Stallions.

Morobe United F.C.
Morobe United FC, formerly known as Blue Kumuls (1970s–2005), Shorncliffe Blue Kumuls (2005), Tuguba Laitepo Blue Kumuls (2006), Morobe Kumuls FC (2007), Gigira Laitepo Morobe FC (2008–2014, exc. 2011–12 season), Gigira Laitepo Central Coast FC (2011–12), and Welgris Morobe United FC (2015–2018, again in use), are a Papua New Guinea professional soccer club founded in the 1970s and based in Lae.

The club was one of the founding members of the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League, finishing 2nd once and 3rd four times before defecting to the National Premier League ahead of the 2017 season. Their most successful season came in 2009–10, when they were runners-up in the Grand Final, losing 5–0 to Hekari United.

The team finished as runners-up in the 2018 National Premier League season, losing in the Grand Final 4–3 to Erema FC.
Karşıyaka
Karşıyaka (Turkish: [kaɾʃɯˈjaka]) is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 51 km2, and its population is 346,264 (2022). The district extends for twelve kilometres along the northern and eastern coastline of the tip of the Gulf of İzmir. Its centre is at a distance of 6 km (4 mi) to the north from the traditional centre of İzmir, which is Konak Square in Konak at the opposite coast. Karşıyaka's district area neighbours the district areas of Menemen to the north, Bornova to the east and Çiğli to the west. Besides being an active venue of commerce, culture and educational activities and tourism, Karşıyaka also has an urban culture centred on the sports club Karşıyaka SK, which commands a large and passionate fan base.

Bornova
Bornova is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 220 km2, and its population is 454,470 (2022). It is the third largest district in İzmir's metropolitan area and is almost fully urbanized at the rate of 98.6 percent, with correspondingly high levels of development in terms of industries and services. Bornova's center is situated at a distance of 8 km (5 mi) to the northeast of the traditional center of İzmir (Konak Square in Konak, İzmir) and 5 km (3 mi) from the coastline at the tip of the Gulf of İzmir to the west. Bornova district area is surrounded by the district areas of Yunusemre (Manisa Province) and Menemen to the north, Kemalpaşa to the east, Buca to the south, and Konak and Karşıyaka to the west, where the larger part of İzmir's urban area extends. Bornova is home to Ege University's main campus and associated hospital, one of the largest and foremost medical centers in western Turkey.
2023 Monza Formula 2 round
The 2023 Monza Formula 2 round was a motor racing event held between 1 and 3 September 2023 at the Monza Circuit. It was the penultimate race of the 2023 Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2023 Italian Grand Prix.

2023 Italian Grand Prix
The 2023 Italian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Pirelli Gran Premio d'Italia 2023) was a Formula One motor race held on 3 September 2023 at the Monza Circuit in Monza, Italy. It was the fourteenth round of the 2023 Formula One World Championship.

The race was won by Max Verstappen for Red Bull Racing for his tenth consecutive win in a row, breaking previous Red Bull Racing driver Sebastian Vettel's record of nine consecutive race victories of 2013, and extending Red Bull Racing's consecutive race wins record as a constructor to 15. Verstappen, Sergio Pérez and polesitter Carlos Sainz Jr. of Ferrari made up the podium, Sainz's second podium at Monza Circuit.