hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Truax
Captain Robert C. Truax (USN) (September 3, 1917 – September 17, 2010) was an American rocket engineer in the United States Navy, and companies such as Aerojet and Truax Engineering, which he founded. Truax was a proponent of low-cost rocket engine and vehicle designs.

Aerojet
Aerojet was an American rocket and missile propulsion manufacturer based primarily in Rancho Cordova, California, with divisions in Redmond, Washington, Orange and Gainesville in Virginia, and Camden, Arkansas. Aerojet was owned by GenCorp, Inc., In 2013, Aerojet was merged by GenCorp with the former Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne to form Aerojet Rocketdyne.
Ilkley
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the City of Bradford. Approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Bradford and 17 miles (27 km) north-west of Leeds, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales.

Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry. The town centre is characterised by Victorian architecture, wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song, often described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at". The song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect: its title translated is "On Ilkley Moor without a hat".

Ilkley Moor
Ilkley Moor is part of Rombalds Moor, the moorland between Ilkley and Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. The moor, which rises to 402 m (1,319 ft) above sea level, is the inspiration for the Yorkshire "county anthem" On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at (dialect for 'on Ilkley Moor without a hat').
Pasty barm
A pasty barm (also called a pastie barm cake or a pastie flour cake) is a fast food dish native to Bolton, a town in North West England. The pasty barm consists of a buttered barm cake with a (standard meat and potato) pasty as the filling.

The snack was supposedly invented by Bolton schoolboys in the 1950s as a "cheap dinner". In 2010 it was voted as Bolton's favourite snack in the local newspaper Bolton News. In 2012 boxer and Bolton native Amir Khan mentioned plans to introduce his American fiancée to "a pasty barm, fish and chips – maybe even an ice cream if she's lucky".

Barm cake
A barm cake is a soft, round, flattish bread from North West England, traditionally leavened with barm.

Bacon is often the filling for a barm cake, whether served at home or in cafes or bakers in Lancashire .

Chips are also a popular filling, sold in most fish and chip shops in the North West of England and often called a chip barm. Another popular filling in the North West, particularly Bolton, is a pasty barm. In Wigan, a whole savoury pie is served in a barm cake, traditionally known locally as a "pie barm" or "slappy". More recently it is known as a "Wigan kebab", including on the menu of the local football team Wigan Athletic.
Franklin Clarence Mars
Franklin Clarence Mars (/ˈmɑːrz/; September 24, 1883 – April 8, 1934) was an American business magnate who founded the food company Mars Inc., which mostly makes chocolate candy. Mars' son Forrest Mars developed M&M's and the Mars bar and founded the Ethel M Chocolate Factory.

Ethel V. Mars
Ethel Veronica Mars (née Healy; June 1884 – December 25, 1945) was an American businesswoman and racehorse owner. She was Ethel Veronica Healy prior to her marriage in 1910 to Franklin Clarence Mars, the founder of the candy company Mars Inc.

In 1930, she and her husband purchased a 2,800 acre property in Giles County, Tennessee, where they built Milky Way Farm. There, they raised Hereford cattle as well as bred Thoroughbred racehorses which were trained on a racetrack built on the property.
Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza
Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza (Cajamarca, April 28, 1822 – Paris, August 23, 1872) was a Peruvian lawyer, politician, educator and diplomat. A staunch liberal, he was one of the leaders of the Liberal Revolution of 1854 headed by General Ramón Castilla. He is remembered for having been the drafter of the decree that abolished the tribute of the natives. He was Minister of Justice and Worship in 1855, and Minister of Finance and Commerce in 1862, in the second government of Ramón Castilla; President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Government (1868–1869) in the government of José Balta; constituent deputy (1855–1857) and senator (1868–1869). Likewise, he exercised various diplomatic representations in the United States, Latin America and Europe.

José Gálvez Egúsquiza
José Gabriel Gálvez Egúsquiza (Cajamarca, March 17, 1819 - Callao, May 2, 1866) was a Peruvian lawyer, professor and liberal politician. During the presidential government of Mariano Ignacio Prado he was Secretary—i.e. Minister—of War and Navy (1865). He was killed in action during the Battle of Callao, where he died fighting the Spanish squadron, thus becoming a symbol of the independence of America.

Chilean historian Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, who met him in person, described him as "a man of modest figure, small of body, dark, pale, with a carefully combed head, careful in his suit and extremely soft and attractive manners. But under that cold and sweet appearance he hid a big heart and a vast and developed intelligence."
Old Mandarin
Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the speech of northern China during the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (12th to 14th centuries). New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu.

The phonology of Old Mandarin has been inferred from the ʼPhags-pa script, an alphabet created in 1269 for several languages of the Mongol empire, including Chinese, and from two rime dictionaries, the Menggu Ziyun (1308) and the Zhongyuan Yinyun (1324).  The rhyme books differ in some details but show many of the features characteristic of modern Mandarin dialects, such as the reduction and disappearance of final stops and the reorganization of the four tones of Middle Chinese. Zhuzi yulei (c.1270) is also believed to record a form of Early Mandarin in conversation.

Zhongyuan Yinyun
Zhongyuan Yinyun (simplified Chinese: 中原音韵; traditional Chinese: 中原音韻; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn), literally meaning "Rhymes of the central plain", is a rime book from the Yuan dynasty compiled by Zhou Deqing (周德清) in 1324. An important work for the study of historical Chinese phonology, it testifies many phonological changes from Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin, such as the reduction and disappearance of final stop consonants and the reorganization of the Middle Chinese tones. Though often termed a "rime dictionary", the work does not provide meanings for its entries.
Memorial to the Heroes Fighting for the Independence of Poland and Azerbaijan
The Memorial to the Heroes Fighting for the Independence of Poland and Azerbaijan (Polish: Pomnik ku czci bohaterów walczących o niepodleglość Polski i Azerbejdżanu; Azerbaijani: Müstəqil Polşa və Azərbaycan uğrunda mübarizlərin xatirəsinə abidə) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Praga-Południe. Located in the Józef Poliński Park next to Szaserów Street, it consists of two busts of Polish and Azerbaijani soldiers, Veli bey Yadigar and Maciej Sulkiewicz. The prior was a member of the Polish Armed Forces during the Second World War, and the latter, the Chief of the General Staff of Azerbaijani Armed Forces from 1918 to 1920.

Józef Poliński Park
The Józef Poliński Park is an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the neighbourhood of Grochów, within the district of Praga-South, at the crossing of Garwolińska Street and Szaserów Street. The park was opened in 1962
FV101 Scorpion
The FV101 Scorpion is a British armoured reconnaissance vehicle and light tank. It was the lead vehicle and the fire support type in the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked), CVR(T), family of seven armoured vehicles. Manufactured by Alvis, it was introduced into service with the British Army in 1973 and was withdrawn in 1994. More than 3,000 were produced and used as reconnaissance vehicles or light tanks.

It held the Guinness world record for the fastest production tank, recorded doing 82.23 km/h (51.10 mph) at the QinetiQ vehicle test track in Chertsey, Surrey, on 26 January 2002.

FV107 Scimitar
The FV107 Scimitar is an armoured tracked military reconnaissance vehicle (sometimes classed as a light tank) formerly used by the British Army, until it was retired from active service in April 2023. It was manufactured by Alvis in Coventry. It is very similar to the FV101 Scorpion, but mounts a high-velocity 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon instead of a low-velocity 76 mm gun. It was issued to Royal Armoured Corps armoured regiments in the reconnaissance role. Each regiment originally had a close reconnaissance squadron of five troops, each containing eight FV107 Scimitars. Each Main Battle Tank Regiment also employed eight Scimitars in the close reconnaissance role.
Aftab Pureval
Aftab Karma Singh Pureval (born September 9, 1982) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 70th mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio, since January 4, 2022. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Pureval was previously an unsuccessful candidate for Ohio's 1st congressional district in 2018, losing the election to Republican incumbent Steve Chabot. He ran in the 2021 Cincinnati mayoral election, and was elected, making him the first Asian American to be elected as mayor of Cincinnati. Pureval won reelection in 2025.

Steve Chabot
Steven Joseph Chabot (/ˈʃæbət/ SHAB-ət; born January 22, 1953) is an American politician and lawyer who represented Ohio's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2009 and again from 2011 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he lost his 2008 reelection bid to Democrat Steve Driehaus, before reclaiming his seat in 2010, and losing his 2022 reelection bid to Democrat Greg Landsman. Until his second election loss, he was the dean of Ohio's GOP delegation to the House of Representatives, after the retirement of former Speaker John Boehner.
ESPN Inc.
ESPN Inc. is an American multinational sports media conglomerate founded by Bill Rasmussen on September 7, 1979 and currently majority-owned by the Walt Disney Company via indirect subsidiary ABC Inc. as one of its three major business segments, with Hearst Communications and the National Football League as equity stakeholders.

Currently headed by executive James Pitaro since March 5, 2018, it owns and operates the ESPN-branded cable television, satellite television and streaming media channels and services including ESPN itself, ESPN DTC, ESPN+, ESPN2, ESPNU, ESPNews, ESPN Deportes, ESPN Radio, ESPN.com, ACC Network, SEC Network, 20% of TSN and the sports division of ABC. It also operates the international variants of ESPN via ESPN International.

Programming on its television networks include broadcasts of live or tape-delayed sporting events and sports-related programming including talk shows and original documentary series and films.

The Sports Network
The Sports Network (TSN) is a Canadian English language discretionary sports specialty channel owned by CTV Specialty Television, a joint venture of Bell Media (80%) and ESPN Inc. (20%). TSN was established by the Labatt Brewing Company in 1984 as part of the first group of Canadian specialty cable channels. In 2013, TSN was the largest specialty channel in Canada in terms of gross revenue, with a total of CA$400.4 million in revenue.

TSN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located at Bell Media Agincourt in the Scarborough neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario. Stewart Johnston currently serves as president of TSN, a position he has held since 2010. TSN's networks focus on sports-related programming, including live and recorded event telecasts, sports talk shows, and other original programming.
Straits State Park
Straits State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Michigan located in Moran Township and St. Ignace in Mackinac County on the northern shores of the Straits of Mackinac.  The Father Marquette National Memorial and park is also located within the state park boundaries.  The park has 255 campsites and several locations for viewing the Mackinac Bridge.

Father Marquette National Memorial
Father Marquette National Memorial pays tribute to the life and work of Jacques Marquette,  French priest and explorer.  The memorial is located in Straits State Park near St. Ignace in the modern-day U.S. state of Michigan, where he founded a Jesuit mission in 1671 and was buried in 1678.  The associated Father Marquette Museum building was destroyed in a fire on March 9, 2000.
Stephanie Fielding
Stephanie "Morning Fire" Fielding (Mohegan: Yôpôwi Yoht) is a Mohegan linguist. Her work focuses on the resurrection and revitalization of the Mohegan language. During the 2017-2018 academic year, she was a Presidential Fellow and lecturer in the Department of Linguistics at Yale University. Fielding lives on the Mohegan reservation in southeastern Connecticut, in Uncasville. She is a member of the Baha'i faith.

Mohegan-Pequot language
Mohegan-Pequot (also known as Mohegan-Pequot-Montauk, Secatogue, and Shinnecock-Poosepatuck; dialects in New England included Mohegan, Pequot, and Niantic; and on Long Island, Montaukett and Shinnecock) is an Algonquian language formerly spoken by the Indigenous peoples of southern present-day New England and eastern Long Island.
John Menard Jr.
John Robert Menard Jr. (born January 22, 1940) is an American billionaire businessman who is the founder and owner of Menards, a Midwestern chain of home improvement stores. He is  a former IndyCar racing team owner, and the father of former NASCAR Cup Series driver Paul Menard.

As of November 2025,  Bloomberg Billionaires Index ranked him as the 126th richest person in the world with an estimated net worth of US$19.8 billion. Menard is ranked 88 on the Forbes list of The World's Billionaires with an estimated net worth of $22.9 billion.

Paul Menard
John Paul Christian Menard (born August 21, 1980) is an American professional racing driver who currently competes full-time in the Trans-Am Series, driving the No. 3 Ford Mustang for 3GT Racing. Menard is the 2024 and 2025 Trans-Am Series champion in the TA class.

Menard competed full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series from 2007 to 2019, driving for Dale Earnhardt Inc., Yates Racing, Richard Petty Motorsports, Richard Childress Racing, and Wood Brothers Racing. He retired from full-time competition after the 2019 season. He has also competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series in the past, including running part-time with Andy Petree Racing in 2003 and 2004, full-time with DEI in 2005 and 2006, and full-time with Roush Fenway Racing in 2010. He has won one Cup Series race (the 2011 Brickyard 400), three Xfinity Series races, and one ARCA Menards Series race.

He is the son of entrepreneur John Menard Jr., the founder of the Menards chain of home improvement stores.
Basic subgroup
In abstract algebra, a basic subgroup is a subgroup of an abelian group which is a direct sum of cyclic subgroups and satisfies further technical conditions. This notion was introduced by L. Ya. Kulikov (for p-groups) and by László Fuchs (in general) in an attempt to formulate classification theory of infinite abelian groups that goes beyond the Prüfer theorems. It helps to reduce the classification problem to classification of possible extensions between two well understood classes of abelian groups: direct sums of cyclic groups and divisible groups.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Princess Maria Fortunata d'Este
Maria Fortunata d'Este (24 November 1731 – 21 September 1803) was a Modenese princess by birth and a princess du sang by marriage. By her marriage to Louis François Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of Conti, her first cousin, she became the Countess of La Marche and later the Princess of Conti; and was a member of the French court of Kings Louis XV and Louis XVI. She was the last Princess of Conti, and died without issue.

Louis François Joseph, Prince of Conti
Louis François Joseph de Bourbon or Louis François II, Prince of Conti (French pronunciation: [lwi fʁɑ̃swa ʒozɛf də buʁbɔ̃]; 1 September 1734 – 13 March 1814), was the last Prince of Conti, scion of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, whose senior branches ruled France until 1848.

Louis was the only child of his parents and lived a secluded childhood at his father's chateau, after the death of his mother in 1736. He later married his first cousin, with the union producing no children. During the French Revolution he stayed in France until 1797 when he was exiled to Spain where he died in 1814, less than a month before his family were restored to the throne of France; with his death the house of Bourbon-Conti became extinct.
R v Schoonwinkel
In R v Schoonwinkel, an important case in South African criminal law, particularly as it applies to the defence of automatism, the driver of a motor vehicle was charged with culpable homicide, having collided with and killed a passenger in another car. The accused had had an epileptic seizure at the time of the accident, rendering his mind a blank. The nature of his epilepsy was such that he would normally not have realised or foreseen the dangers of driving, having had only two previous minor attacks, the last a long time before the accident. This evidence, distinguishing this case from R v Victor, exonerated him from criminal responsibility. The court found additionally that this was not a case falling under the provisions of the Mental Disorders Act, read with section 219 of the Criminal Procedure Act.

R v Victor
R v Victor, an appeal against a conviction by a magistrate, is an important case in South African criminal law, especially as it bears on the defence of automatism. The driver of a motor vehicle was prone to epileptic seizures, and knew as much, but nevertheless put himself behind the wheel of a motor car. He had a seizure while driving and collided with a pedestrian and another car. The court on appeal sustained his conviction by a magistrate on the ground that the negligence which the accused there committed was not so much in the driving of the vehicle, but in his driving at all, knowing of his physical disability. A reasonable person would have foreseen the likelihood of a seizure and refrained from driving.

The appellant's attorneys were Frank & Joffe.
Samuil Nevelshtein
Samuil Grigorievich Nevelshtein (Russian: Самуи́л Григо́рьевич Невельште́йн; 22  March 1903 – 16 November 1983) was a Soviet Russian painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, and art teacher,  lived and worked in Leningrad, regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most known for his portraits of children and youth.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
Ivan Zagni
Ivan Zagni (born 16 October 1942) is a New Zealand-based musician and composer who has been a member of bands such as The Jody Grind, Big Sideways and Avant Garage, and has recorded albums with Aynsley Dunbar, Elton Dean, Don McGlashan and Peter Scholes.

Don McGlashan
Don McGlashan (born 18 July 1959) is a New Zealand composer, singer and multi-instrumentalist who is best known for membership in the bands Blam Blam Blam, The Front Lawn, and The Mutton Birds, before going solo. He has also composed for cinema and television.

McGlashan was also a member of Philip Dadson's percussion group From Scratch, and bands The Bellbirds, The Plague, and composed pieces for New Zealand's Limbs Dance Company. His first hits were with band Blam Blam Blam in the early 1980s. He later released four albums as lead singer and writer for The Mutton Birds.

He was a 2023 inductee to the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame.
Urana
Urana /jəˈrænə/ is a small town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The town is in the Federation Council local government area.

Urana is located between Lockhart and Jerilderie, about 561 kilometres (349 mi) southwest of the state capital, Sydney. To the west lies Lake Urana and the Lake Urana Nature Reserve. To the east lies a smaller lake, Lake Uranagong.

Urana was the major town and headquarters of the former Urana Shire.  The shire included the localities of Boree Creek, Morundah, Oaklands and Rand. The Urana district is used for raising sheep and for growing wheat and other grain crops.

In the 2016 census, the population of Urana was 298, of whom 56.3% were male and 43.7% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.7% of the population. In the 2021 census, the population of Urana was 248, of whom 55.1% were male and 44.9% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5.6% of the population.

Lake Urana
Lake Urana is an ephemeral, normally endorheic lake located in the Riverina region of New South Wales in eastern Australia. The lake often holds surface water in late winter and early spring, which mostly disappears via evaporation, however after sufficiently extreme rainfall events, the lake flows out through Cocketgedong Creek to Colombo Creek, and then into the Billabong Creek.

The lake lies in a depression between the large fans of the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers at the eastern margin of the Murray Basin, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of Urana, 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Jerilderie, and 485 kilometres (301 mi) southwest of Sydney.

The lake has a long history of use by Aboriginal people, with skeletal remains found near the edge of the lake dating from 27-32,000 years ago, and shell middens and artifact scatters found along the lake shore.