hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.

Through arch bridge
A through arch bridge, also known as a through-type arch bridge, is a bridge that is made from materials such as steel or reinforced concrete, in which the base of an arch structure is below the deck but the top rises above it. It can either be lower bearing or mid-bearing. Thus, the deck is within the arch, and cables or beams that are in tension suspend the central part of the deck from the arch.
Beşadalar
36°10′57″N 30°24′19″E﻿ / ﻿36.182520°N 30.405265°E﻿ / 36.182520; 30.405265

Beşadalar or Beş Adalar (Turkish meaning "five islands"; Ancient Greek: Χελιδόνιαι and Χελιδόνεαι, meaning "Swallow Islands"; Latin: Chelidoniae Insulae; Italian: Celidoni) is a group of islands off Cape Gelidonya on the south coast of Anatolia, Turkey. The largest island is named Devecitaşı Ada.

Cape Gelidonya
Cape Gelidonya (Turkish: Gelidonya Burnu or Taşlık Burnu, from Greek: Χελιδωνία, Chelidonia; Latin: Chelidonium promontorium), formerly Kilidonia or Killidonia is a cape or headland on the Teke Peninsula in the chain of Taurus Mountains, located on the southern coast of Anatolia between the Gulf of Antalya and the Bay of Finike.

During the classical Greek and Hellenistic eras, it was called Chelidonia (meaning swallows), and a group of five small islands, as Chelidoniai nesoi (Swallow Islands, now Beşadalar Adasi). In Roman times, it was known as Promontorium Sacrum (Latin for "Holy Promontory"), and the group of islands as Chelidoniae Insulae.
South Devon Railway Comet class
The Comet class were 12 4-4-0ST broad gauge locomotives operated on the South Devon Railway and associated railways. They were designed for passenger trains on this steep and sharply curved line but were also used on goods trains when required.

They were ordered by Evans and Geach who were contracted to operate the railway's locomotives. They were designed by Daniel Gooch and based on his Bogie class locomotives built for the Great Western Railway who had previously operated the South Devon Railway.

On 1 February 1876 the South Devon Railway was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway, the locomotives were given numbers by their new owners but continued to carry their names too.

Six similar locomotives were built for the Vale of Neath Railway by Robert Stephenson and Company in 1851. Some of these could be found working on the South Devon lines after the 1876 amalgamation.

South Devon Railway Leopard class
The Leopard class were four 4-4-0ST broad gauge locomotives designed for passenger trains but were also used on goods trains when required. They were built by the Avonside Engine Company for the South Devon Railway, but also operated on its associated railways. Although designed for easy conversion to standard gauge this was never carried out.

On 1 February 1876 the South Devon Railway was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway, the locomotives were given numbers by their new owners but continued to carry their names too.
Rabbi Meir
Rabbi Meir (Hebrew: רַבִּי מֵאִיר) was a Jewish sage who lived in the time of the Mishnah. He was one of the Tannaim of the fourth generation (139–163), and a disciple of Rabbi Akiva. He is the second most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah and is mentioned over 3,000 times in the Babylonian Talmud. His wife Bruriah is one of the few women cited in the Gemara.

Hakham
Hakham (or Chakam(i), Haham(i), Hacham(i), Hach; Hebrew: חכם, romanized: ḥāḵām, lit. 'Wise') is a term in Judaism meaning a wise or skillful man; it often refers to someone who is a great Torah scholar. It can also refer to any cultured and learned person: "He who says a wise thing is called a Hakham, even if he be not a Jew." Hence, in Talmudic-Midrashic literature, wise gentiles are commonly called hakhmei ummot ha-'olam ("wise men of the nations of the world").
In Sephardic usage, hakham is a synonym for "rabbi".
Twink Caplan
Marianne "Twink" Caplan (born 1947) is an American actress, comedian, and producer. She is best known for her roles in the box office hits Clueless (1995) and the Look Who's Talking series. As a producer, her best-known projects are Clueless (1996) (associate producer) and its television spin-off (executive producer).

Clueless (TV series)
Clueless is an American television teen sitcom based on the 1995 film of the same name (which was inspired by Jane Austen's 1815 novel Emma). It aired on ABC from September 20, 1996 to February 14, 1997, as a part of the TGIF lineup during its first season. The series then spent its last two seasons on UPN, airing from September 23, 1997 to May 25, 1999. Alicia Silverstone had a development deal with Columbia-TriStar at this time, and was unable to reprise her role from the film.
Bessie S. McColgin
Amelia Elizabeth Simison McColgin (January 7, 1875 – July 9, 1972), known as Bessie McColgin, was an American businesswoman and politician. A native of Kansas, she moved to western Oklahoma Territory in 1901. In 1920, she was the first woman elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

Sterling S. McColgin
Sterling Simison McColgin (June 14, 1901 – October 26, 1963) was an American farmer and politician.

McColgin was born in Ashkum, Illinois. He owned a farm between Cheyenne, Oklahoma and Reydon, Oklahoma. He served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1947 to 1951 and from 1953 to 1955 and the Oklahoma Senate from 1955 to 1963 when he died while still in office. McColgin was a Democrat. McColgin also served as mayor of Reydon, Oklahoma. McColgin died suddenly in Cheyenne, Oklahoma while buying feed for his cattle at a feed store. His mother Bessie S. McColgin also served in the Oklahoma Legislature as the first woman elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
Journal of Librarianship and Information Science
Journal of Librarianship and Information Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the fields of Information Science and Library Science. The journal's Editor is Anne Goulding (Victoria University of Wellington). It has been in publication since 1969 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Robert Koenig (filmmaker)
Robert Koenig (born July 9, 1975 in Honesdale, Pennsylvania, USA) is an American film director, producer, writer and editor. Koenig directed the documentary film "Returned: Child Soldiers of Nepal's Maoist Army", which won the 2008 Artivist Award for Child Advocacy and produced "Coexist", which was nominated for Best Documentary Film by the Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) in 2011.

Returned: Child Soldiers of Nepal's Maoist Army
Returned: Child Soldiers of Nepal's Maoist Army is a 2008 documentary film directed by American filmmaker Robert Koenig, and written by Robert Koenig and Brandon Kohrt. The documentary premiered in Hollywood, CA at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in 2008 at the 5th Annual Artivist Film Festival, where it won the Artivist Award for Children's Advocacy. Returned also won the award for Best Documentary Short at the Atlanta Underground Film Festival that same year.
FDR Drive
Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive, commonly known as the FDR Drive, is a controlled-access parkway on the east side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It starts near South and Broad Streets, just north of the Battery Park Underpass, and runs north along the East River to the 125th Street / Robert F. Kennedy Bridge interchange, where it becomes Harlem River Drive. All of FDR Drive is designated New York State Route 907L (NY 907L), an unsigned reference route.

FDR Drive features a mix of below-grade, at-grade, and elevated sections, as well as three partially covered tunnels. The parkway is mostly three lanes in each direction, except for several small sections.

By law, the current weight limit on FDR Drive from 23rd Street to Harlem River Drive in both directions is posted 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg). All commercial vehicles (including trucks) are banned from FDR Drive north of exit 1.

South Street (Manhattan)
South Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, New York City, located immediately adjacent to the East River. It runs from Whitehall Street near the southern tip of Manhattan to Jackson Street near the Williamsburg Bridge. An elevated portion of FDR Drive, known as the South Street Viaduct, runs along the entire length of the street.

The street is noted for the South Street Seaport, south of the Brooklyn Bridge, and is the former site of the Fulton Fish Market, which was located just to the north of the seaport. Knickerbocker Village, a municipal housing project, fronts on South Street between the Brooklyn Bridge and Manhattan Bridge in the Two Bridges neighborhood. West of the seaport, South Street is the location of a number of buildings, including 55 Water Street and the New York City Police Museum.
Stannane
Stannane /ˈstæneɪn/ or tin hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SnH4. It is a colourless gas that ignites on contact with air. SnH4 is a heavy analogue of methane but much less robust.  In contrast to this rarely used species, stannane also refers to a large collection of organotin compounds.

Organotin chemistry
Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide ((CH3CH2)2SnI2), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially after the discovery of the Grignard reagents, which are useful for producing Sn–C bonds. The area remains rich with many applications in industry and continuing activity in the research laboratory.
Lightning Strike
Lightning Strike (Italian: Colpi di fulmine) is a 2012 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Neri Parenti and starring Christian De Sica and Lillo & Greg. It was a commercial success, grossing $13,378,892 at the Italian box office.

For her performance in this film Anna Foglietta was nominated for Silver Ribbon for Best Supporting Actress.

Lillo & Greg
Pasquale Petrolo (Rome, 27 August 1962) and Claudio Gregori (Rome, 17 November 1963), best known as Lillo & Greg, are an Italian comedy duo who work on stage, film, television, radio as well as musicians, authors and cartoonists.
Bellenden Hutcheson
Bellenden Seymour Hutcheson VC, MC (16 December 1883 – 9 April 1954) was an American-born Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) during the First World War. The VC is the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Hutcheson was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their deeds on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France. The other six were Arthur George Knight, William Henry Metcalf, Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney, Cyrus Wesley Peck, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young.

Battle of Drocourt-Quéant Line
The Drocourt-Quéant Line ([dʁɔ.kuʁ ke.ɑ̃]; German: Wotan Stellung) was a set of mutually supporting defensive lines constructed by Germany between the French towns of Drocourt and Quéant during World War I. This defensive system was part of the northernmost section of the Hindenburg Line, a vast German defensive system that ran through northeastern France.

It was attacked and captured by Canadian and British troops in the closing months of the war as part of Canada's Hundred Days of successful offensive campaigning that helped end the war.
Chaah
Chaah is a town and mukim in Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia. It is the southernmost mukim in the district, but it is administered as a suburb of Labis.

Chaah consists of Kampung and Taman Chaah Town, C-Block, Kampung Baru (residents are mostly Chinese), Kampung Java (Malay Kampung), Taman Damai Jaya I & II, Taman Sri Chaah, Taman Orkid, and is surrounded by oil palm plantations. Taman Chaah Baru (new Chaah garden) is 1 to 2 kilometres (0.6 to 1.2 mi) from Chaah Town.

About 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Chaah, there is a village named Desa Temu Jodoh. Established in the early 1970s, Desa Temu Jodoh got its name from the grand wedding ceremony among many couples of early settlers. The number of couples married during the wedding ceremony was said to be the largest at that time in Malaysia.

Segamat District
The Segamat District (Malay: Daerah Segamat) or simply Segamat is a district in the Malaysian state of Johor. Segamat is also the name of the district's primary town. Segamat district is one of the three landlocked districts in Johor, the other being Kluang and Kulai.
Safran Aircraft Engines
Safran Aircraft Engines, previously Snecma (Société nationale d'études et de construction de moteurs d'aviation) or Snecma Moteurs, is a French aerospace engine manufacturer headquartered in Courcouronnes and a subsidiary of Safran. It designs, manufactures and maintains engines for commercial and military aircraft as well as rocket engines for launch vehicles and satellites.

Some of its notable developments, alone or in partnership, include the Dassault Rafale's M88 engine, the Concorde's Olympus 593, the CFM56 and CFM-LEAP for single-aisle airliners, as well as the Ariane 5's Vulcain engine.

The company employs around 15,700 people across 35 production sites, offices, and MRO facilities worldwide and files an average of nearly 500 patents each year.

Safran Aircraft Engines also notably operates two joint ventures with GE Aerospace: CFM International, the world's leading supplier of commercial aircraft engines, and CFM Materials.

CFM International LEAP
The CFM International LEAP ("Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion") is a high-bypass turbofan engine produced by CFM International, a 50–50 joint venture between the American GE Aerospace and the French Safran Aircraft Engines. It competes with the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G for narrow-body aircraft.
Amber Coast
The Amber Coast is the name given to a coastal strip of the Baltic Sea in the northwest of Kaliningrad (Russia, Kaliningrad Oblast, Sambia Peninsula, formerly northern East Prussia in Germany). In this area amber (Baltic amber) has been excavated since the mid-19th century and up to today in open-pit mining. Two deposits – Palmnikenskoe and Primorskoe, containing 80% of world amber reserves, were found near Yantarny on the Western coast of the Sambia Peninsula in 1948-1951's.

Sambia Peninsula
Sambia (Russian: Самбийский полуостров, romanized: Sambiysky poluostrov, lit. 'Sambian Peninsula') or Samland (Russian: Земландский полуостров, romanized: Zemlandsky poluostrov, lit. 'Zemlandic Peninsula') or Kaliningrad Peninsula (official name, Russian: Калининградский полуостров, Kaliningradsky poluostrov) is a peninsula in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, on the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea. The peninsula is bounded by the Curonian Lagoon to the north-east, the Vistula Lagoon in the southwest, the Pregolya River in the south, and the Deyma River in the east. As Sambia is surrounded on all sides by water, it is technically an island. Historically it formed an important part of the historic region of Prussia.
Civil Engagement group
The Civil Engagement group (Irish: Grúpa Comhpháirteachas Phoiblí)  is a technical group in Seanad Éireann (the upper house of the Oireachtas or parliament of Ireland) composed of senators with a background in civic engagement organisations.

The group presently has four members in the 27th Seanad; Alice-Mary Higgins, Lynn Ruane, Frances Black and Eileen Flynn.

Frances Black
Frances Patricia Black (born 25 June 1960) is an Irish singer and politician. She came to prominence in the late 1980s when she began to play with her family's  traditional and contemporary Irish music band, The Black Family.

Black was elected to Seanad Éireann as an independent senator in 2016 for the Industrial and Commercial Panel.
Baron Kilbracken
Baron Kilbracken, of Killegar in the County of Leitrim, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1909 for the senior civil servant Sir Arthur Godley. He was Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India between 1883 and 1909. As of 2010 the title is held by his great-grandson, the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2006.

John Robert Godley was the father of the first Baron. Another member of the Godley family was General Sir Alexander Godley. He was the first cousin of the first Baron.

Arthur Godley, 1st Baron Kilbracken
John Arthur Godley, 1st Baron Kilbracken, GCB (17 June 1847 – 27 June 1932), was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat and British civil servant and the longest serving, and probably the most influential, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India.
Wangara people
The Wangara (also known as Wakara, Wangarawa) are a diaspora community of ethnic Manden origin who served as specialized long-distance merchants throughout West Africa, particularly in trans-Saharan trade and practice islam, opposed to the Soninke who practice the traditional Mandinka religion. Originating from the Mali Empire, over time the Wangara became integrated into numerous other communities and ethnic groups, particularly in Timbuktu, Agadez, Kano, Gao, Salaga, Kong, Bissa, Kankan, Fouta Jallon, Djenné as well as Bambouk, Bure, Lobi, and (to a lesser degree) Bono goldfields and Borgu. They were practicing Muslims who helped spread the religion widely and served as clerics, political advisors, healers and marabouts, often following the Suwarian Tradition.

The term 'Wangara' is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Jakhanke or Dyula people, who are also diasporic traders and Islamic clerics of Mande origin.

Borgu
Borgu is a region and former country split between north-west Nigeria and the northern Republic of Benin. It was partitioned between Great Britain and France by the Anglo-French Convention of 1898.  People of Borgu are known as Bariba or Borgawa.
1879 New Zealand general election
The 1879 New Zealand general election was held between 28 August and 15 September 1879 to elect a total of 88 MPs to the 7th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori vote was held on 8 September. A total of 82,271 (66.5%) European voters turned out to vote, plus 14,553 Māori voters. Following the election, John Hall formed a new government.

John Hall (New Zealand politician)
Sir John Hall KCMG (c. 18 December 1824 – 25 June 1907) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 12th premier of New Zealand from 1879 to 1882. He was born in Kingston upon Hull, England, the third son of George Hall, a captain in the navy. At the age of ten he was sent to school in Switzerland and his education continued in Paris and Hamburg. After returning to England and being employed by the Post Office, at the age of 27 he decided to emigrate. He was also Mayor of Christchurch.
Nazi chic
Nazi chic is the use and appropriation of style, imagery, iconography, and paraphernalia associated with Nazi Germany in high fashion. Nazi chic originally emerged through Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood's designs, sold at their boutique Sex, which became influential in the development of punk fashion. However, the Hells Angels motorcycle club in the 1950s and rock musicians in the 1960s and 1970s had previously appropriated Nazi memorabilia.

The style was later adopted by the wider fashion industry and partially inspired the leather subculture. Although the trend originated in the West, it later became popular in Asia.

Nazi memorabilia
Nazi memorabilia are items produced during the height of Nazism in Germany, particularly the years between 1933 and 1945. Nazi memorabilia includes a variety of objects from the material culture of Nazi Germany, especially those featuring swastikas and other Nazi symbolism and imagery  or connected to Nazi propaganda. Examples are military and paramilitary uniforms, insignia, coins and banknotes, medals, flags, daggers, guns, posters, contemporary photos, books, publications, and ephemera.

During the Second World War, soldiers from opposing Allied forces often took small items from fallen enemies as war trophies. These and other items from this time period have since been acquired by museums and individual collectors. In Europe museums still regularly receive everyday artifacts from the Nazi era and have to deal with remnants of National Socialism.
Herta Herzog
Herta Herzog-Massing (August 14, 1910 – February 25, 2010) was an Austrian-American social scientist specializing in communication studies. Her most prominent contribution to the field, an article entitled "What Do We Really Know About Daytime Serial Listeners?", is considered a pioneering work of the uses-and-gratifications approach and the cognitive revolution in media research. She was married to Paul Lazarsfeld, and later to Paul Massing, and was stepmother to Lazarsfeld's daughter, MIT professor Lotte Bailyn.

Paul Lazarsfeld
Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (February 13, 1901 – August 30, 1976) was an Austrian-American sociologist and mathematician. The founder of Columbia University's Bureau of Applied Social Research, he exerted influence over the techniques and the organization of social research. "It is not so much that he was an American sociologist," one colleague said of him after his death, "as it was that he determined what American sociology would be." Lazarsfeld said that his goal was "to produce Paul Lazarsfelds".: 3  He was a founding figure in 20th-century empirical sociology.
Cássia
Cássia is a Brazilian municipality located in the center of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 17,740 people living in a total area of 643 km2 (248 sq mi). The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos.  It became a municipality in 1890.

Passos, Minas Gerais
Passos is a Brazilian municipality located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 115,337 people living in a total area of 1,339 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos. It became a municipality in 1858.

The name is derived from the patron saint Décio Velho Martins Cançado.
Joseph Biggar
Joseph Gillis Biggar (c. 1828 – 19 February 1890), commonly known as Joe Biggar or J. G. Biggar, was an Irish nationalist politician from Belfast. He served as an MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as member of the Home Rule League and later Irish Parliamentary Party for Cavan from 1874 to 1885 and West Cavan from 1885 to his death in 1890.

Home Rule League
The Home Rule League (1873–1882), sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was an Irish political party which campaigned for home rule for Ireland within  the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, until it was replaced by the Irish Parliamentary Party. The Home Rule Confederation of Great Britain was a sister organisation in Great Britain.