hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murder of Saenphan Thawan
On 2 June 2001, at a vacant area in Kian Teck Road in Singapore, 23-year-old Thai national Saenphan Thawan was attacked by a gang of six Thai workers, after he had allegedly offended one of the attackers' girlfriend, who told her boyfriend about the victim's actions. Saenphan, who was the head operator of a drug trafficking and prostitution ring at Kian Teck Road, died as a result of the brutal assault, and out of the six killers, four of them were arrested and charged with murder, while the remaining two assailants remain on the run as of today. Out of the four captured, three of them were sentenced to death for murder and a fourth was given a jail term of nine years with caning (ten strokes) for manslaughter.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
Midostaurin
Midostaurin, sold under the brand name Rydapt by Novartis, is a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor that has been investigated for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and advanced systemic mastocytosis. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of staurosporine, an alkaloid from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis, a type of mast cell disease, is a rare disorder affecting both children and adults caused by the accumulation of functionally defective mast cells (also called mastocytes) and CD34+ mast cell precursors.

People affected by mastocytosis are susceptible to a variety of symptoms, including itching, hives, and anaphylactic shock, caused by the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory substances from mast cells.
Mancos, Colorado
Mancos is a statutory town in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 1,196 at the 2020 census, down from 1,336 in 2010.

The town is in southwestern Colorado, at the base of Mesa Verde National Park, and holds the trademark for "Gateway to Mesa Verde". Surrounded by rangeland and mountains, Mancos offers a variety of outdoor recreational activities. The town was founded in 1894, near the site where early Spanish explorers first crossed the Mancos River. It is the commercial center for east Montezuma County, and was considered at one time as a county seat. It is served by U.S. Highway 160 and State Highway 184.

Mancos River
The Mancos River, formerly also El Rio de San Lazaro, is an 85.4-mile-long (137.4 km) northeast tributary of the San Juan River. It flows from the confluence of West Mancos River and East Mancos River near Mancos, Colorado, and joins the San Juan near Four Corners Monument in New Mexico.

The river was named after an incident during which a horse rider hurt his hand while crossing, the word Mancos being derived from Spanish meaning "one-armed".
Calicium viride
Calicium viride, commonly known as the green stubble lichen, is a species of pin lichen in the family Caliciaceae, and the type species of the genus Calicium. It is a common and widely distributed species in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere and southern South America. The thallus of the lichen consists of a basal crust, and apothecia (fruiting bodies) on a stalk. Diagnostic characteristics of Calicium viride are its brown excipulum (the ring of tissue around its apothecia), and its green, granular crust.

Calicium corynellum
Calicium corynellum is a species of pin lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found scattered across parts of Europe, North America, and Asia, where it grows on rock surfaces in shaded and humid locations.
Vålerenga Ishockey
Vålerenga Ishockey (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ; abbreviated as VIF) is a Norwegian professional ice hockey team based in Oslo, Norway. Vålerenga has been the dominant force in Norwegian hockey since the 1960s, claiming 26 national championships and 29 regular season titles. Their old home arena, located in central-eastern Oslo, was Jordal Amfi, built for the 1952 Winter Olympics. In 2020, Vålerenga moved in to their new arena at Jordal.

The team's interim head coach is former NHL player and club legend, Espen "Shampo" Knutsen, with Joachim Svendsen as his assistant.

Espen Knutsen
Espen Knutsen (born January 12, 1972) is a Norwegian former professional ice hockey player and currently the general manager of Vålerenga in the Norwegian GET-ligaen. He played five seasons in the North American-based National Hockey League (NHL), and is to date the only Norwegian to have played in the NHL All-Star Game. In his native Norway, Knutsen is also known by the nickname "Shampoo" because his father is a hairdresser, and also a former hockey player whose nickname was "The Soap" (Såpa in Norwegian).

In 2021, he resigned from Vålerenga's board of directors.
Karor Lal Esan Tehsil
Karor Lal Esan  (Urdu: تحصِيل كروڑ لعل عيسن) is a tehsil (sub-district) of Layyah District in Punjab, Pakistan. It is administratively subdivided into 14 union councils, one of which forms the tehsil capital Karor Lal Esan.

Layyah District
Layyah District (Saraiki: ضلع ليّہ, Urdu: ضلع ليہ), is a district in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is located in the southern part of the province. The city of Layyah is the administrative headquarters of Layyah district. Layyah has a hot, semi-arid climate.
Rosie MacLennan
Rosannagh "Rosie" MacLennan (born August 28, 1988) is a Canadian retired trampoline gymnast. She is the 2013 and 2018 World Trampoline champion, 2012 and 2016 Olympic champion, and 2011 and 2015 Pan American Games champion in the individual trampoline event. MacLennan was the Canadian National Women's champion in 2005, 2009 and 2011, and in 2007 was the World Champion in synchronized trampoline with Karen Cockburn. She has also won five silver and four bronze medals in World Championship competition in both the individual and synchro events. MacLennan trains at Skyrider's Trampoline Place in Richmond Hill, Ontario, with coach David Ross, who has coached all of Canada's Olympic trampolinists.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
1974 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1974 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 85th season for the Los Angeles Dodgers franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB), their 17th season in Los Angeles, California, and their 13th season playing their home games at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles California. The Dodgers won the National League West Division by four games over the Cincinnati Reds, then beat the Pittsburgh Pirates in the NLCS before losing to the Oakland Athletics in the World Series.

1974 Oakland Athletics season
The 1974 Oakland Athletics season was the 74th season for the Oakland Athletics franchise, all as members of the American League, and their 7th season in Oakland. The Athletics won their fourth consecutive American League West title with a record of 90 wins and 72 losses. In the playoffs, the A's defeated the Baltimore Orioles in the ALCS for their third straight AL pennant, and in the World Series, the first ever played entirely on the West Coast, defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to take their third consecutive World Series championship. Paid attendance for the season was 845,693.

In early 1974, owner Charlie Finley tried to sell the team with an asking price of $15 million.
Puerto Rico Highway 66
Puerto Rico Highway 66 (PR-66) is a main tollway which parallels Puerto Rico Highway 3 going from the city of Carolina, Puerto Rico via a 3 loops cloverleaf interchange with PR-26 and PR-3, a major exit in the form of a Trumpet interchange in Canóvanas, Puerto Rico  and ending in the municipality of Río Grande, Puerto Rico with an intersection of PR-3. It is only 19.5 kilometres (12.1 mi) long and has very few exits, which work mainly to minimize traffic in the congested Carolina area of PR-3.

The highway is called the Roberto Sánchez Vilella Expressway, which is also the name given to the much larger PR-2  freeway segment from Hormigueros to Ponce. The second phase of PR-66 from Canóvanas to Río Grande was opened on 1 October 2012.

Río Grande, Puerto Rico
Río Grande (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ˈɣɾande]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located on the eastern edge of the Northern Coastal Valley, north of Las Piedras, Naguabo and Ceiba; east of Loíza and Canóvanas and west of Luquillo. Río Grande is spread over eight barrios and Río Grande Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. A big portion of El Yunque National Forest, including El Yunque's peak, is located within the municipality.
Marco Simoncelli
Marco Simoncelli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko simonˈtʃɛlli];
20 January 1987 – 23 October 2011), nicknamed Sic (Italian: [ˈsitʃ]) was an Italian professional motorcycle racer. He competed in the MotoGP World Championship for 10 years from 2002 to 2011. He started in the 125cc class before moving up to the 250cc class in 2006. He won the 2008 250cc World Championship with Gilera. After four years in the intermediate class, he stepped up to the top MotoGP class in 2010, racing with the Honda Gresini Team. He died in an accident at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix at Sepang.

Sepang International Circuit
Sepang International Circuit (Malay: Litar Antarabangsa Sepang) (known as Petronas Sepang International Circuit for commercial reasons) is a motorsport race track in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located approximately 45-kilometre (28 mi) south of Kuala Lumpur, close to Kuala Lumpur International Airport. It hosted the Formula One Malaysian Grand Prix between 1999 and 2017, and is also the venue for the Malaysian Motorcycle Grand Prix, the Malaysia Merdeka Endurance Race, and other major motorsport events. Previously known as the Sepang F1 Circuit, it was renamed the Sepang International Circuit. On 31 October 2023, it was announced that Petronas has acquired the naming rights to the circuit for three years in an undisclosed fee.
Eugene Mitchell
Eugene Muse Mitchell (October 13, 1866 – June 17, 1944) was an American lawyer, politician, and historian. He served as the President of the Atlanta Board of Education from 1911 to 1912, during which time he eliminated the use of corporal punishment in city schools. He owned a law firm in Atlanta, and was a co-founder of the Atlanta Historical Society. He was married to the prominent Catholic activist and suffragist Maybelle Stephens Mitchell and was the father of Margaret Mitchell, who wrote the novel Gone With the Wind.

Atlanta Board of Education
The Atlanta Board of Education is the governing body of Atlanta Public Schools. The board has nine members: six are elected by geographical districts and three are elected citywide. All serve four-year terms.

While the board establishes and approves policies that govern the school system, the day-to-day administration of the school district is the responsibility of the Superintendent, who is appointed by the board.
Martin & Hall
Martin & Hall was an American architectural firm based in Providence, Rhode Island. It was established in 1893 as the partnership of architects Frank H. Martin and George Frederic Hall. After Martin's death in 1917 Hall practiced alone until his own death in 1928.

Stone, Carpenter & Willson
Stone, Carpenter & Willson was a Providence, Rhode Island–based architectural firm in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.  It was named for the partners Alfred Stone (1834–1908), Charles E. Carpenter (1845–1923). and Edmund R. Willson (1856–1906). The firm was one of the state's most prominent.

It was established about 1885 when Willson became a full partner in the Providence architectural firm of Stone & Carpenter.
Cédric Tousch
Cédric Tousch (born 29 May 1989) is a French kickboxer and Nak Muay. He is the former WBC Muaythai World Light Heavyweight champion and the former WAKO World Light Heavyweight K-1 champion.

He is also the former WMC and ICO European Light Heavyweight champion, as well as the FFSCDA champion.

World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
The World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (W.A.K.O or WAKO) is an international kickboxing organization counting over 120 affiliated countries representing all five continents. WAKO is a major governing body of amateur kickboxing and is responsible for the development of kickboxing worldwide. The organization was officially recognized as an official kickboxing governing body by Sport Accord. WAKO is recognized by the Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Brandt (brand)
Brandt is a French brandname producing various home equipment, created in 1924 by Edgar Brandt. His first company was the Société des Etablissements Edgar Brandt, established in 1902 as a locksmith and producer of decorative ironworks. During the World War, they expanded into arms manufacture. In 1956, at the time of their takeover of Hotchkiss, the company's turnover consisted of two parts arms and one third home appliances. The company is currently owned by Cevital.

Hotchkiss et Cie
Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Compagnie was a French arms and, in the 20th century, automobile manufacturer first established by American gunsmith Benjamin B. Hotchkiss. He moved to France and set up a factory, first at Viviez near Rodez in 1867, manufacturing arms used by the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, then moving at Saint-Denis near Paris in 1875. It was merged into and succeeded by Thomson-CSF, now Thales Group.
Diorite
Diorite (/ˈdaɪ.əraɪt/ DY-ə-ryte) is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling underground of magma (molten rock) that has a moderate content of silica and a relatively low content of alkali metals. It is intermediate in composition between low-silica (mafic) gabbro and high-silica (felsic) granite.

Diorite is found in mountain-building belts (orogens) on the margins of continents. It has the same composition as the fine-grained volcanic rock, andesite, which is also common in orogens.

Diorite has been used since prehistoric times as decorative stone. It was used by the Akkadian Empire of Sargon of Akkad for funerary sculptures, and by many later civilizations for sculptures and building stone.

Intermediate composition
In igneous petrology, an intermediate composition refers to the chemical composition of a rock that has 51.5–63 wt% SiO2 being an intermediate between felsic and mafic compositions. Typical intermediate rocks include andesite and trachyandesite among volcanic rocks and diorite and granodiorite among plutonic rocks.
Vanavana
Vanavana, Kurataki, or Huataki is an atoll in the southeastern area of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Vanavana's nearest neighbour is Tureia, which is located 58 kilometres (36 miles) to the east.

Vanavana is a small oval-shaped atoll. It measures approximately 3.5 kilometres (2.2 miles) in length, has a maximum width of 2.2 kilometres (1.4 miles) and a land area of approximately 5 square kilometres (1.9 square miles). Its reef encloses completely the deep lagoon, which is 6 square kilometres (2.3 square miles). There is one hook-shaped large island in the north and another in the south of its reef.

Vanavana Atoll is uninhabited; however, buildings on the northern end of the island are present.

Tureia
Tureia (also called Papahena, Papakena, and Carysfort Island) is an atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia.

Tureia atoll is 15 km long and has a maximum width of 8 kilometres (5.0 miles); its total land area is 8 km2. A very long island covers completely its eastern reef. The lagoon has no navigable entrance.

The village of Hakamaru (or Fakamaru) is the only settlement on Tureia, at the northern tip of the atoll. Almost all of the arable land on Tureia is dedicated to growing coconuts. The population in this atoll has risen to 275 in 2017; in 1977 there were only 121 inhabitants.
Glenn Hughes (musician)
Glenn Hughes (born 21 August 1951) is an English musician, best known as the bassist and singer in the hard rock band Trapeze and in the Mk. III and IV line-ups of Deep Purple, as well as briefly fronting Black Sabbath in the mid-1980s.

In addition to being an active session musician, Hughes maintains a notable solo career. He fronts the supergroup Black Country Communion, and fronted California Breed from 2013 to 2015 and The Dead Daisies from 2019 to 2023. In 2016, Hughes was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Deep Purple.

The Dead Daisies
The Dead Daisies are an Australian-American hard rock band formed in Sydney in 2012. Since their formation they have assembled a rotating lineup of musicians who have otherwise played with groups including Whitesnake, Guns N' Roses, Black Sabbath, and Motley Crue, among others. Although functioning as a sort of "supergroup" during its history, the band has been spearheaded by guitarist David Lowy while its various live and studio based releases have come out. The group's eponymous debut album was released by Spitfire Music in August 2013.
Chapelizod
Chapelizod (Irish: Séipéal Iosóid, meaning 'Iseult's chapel') is a suburban village of Dublin, Ireland. It lies in the wooded valley of the River Liffey, near the Strawberry Beds and the Phoenix Park. The village is associated with Iseult of Ireland and the location of Iseult's chapel. Chapelizod is under the administration of Dublin City Council.

River Liffey
The River Liffey (Irish: An Life, historically An Ruirthe(a)ch) is a river in eastern Ireland that ultimately flows through the centre of Dublin to its mouth within Dublin Bay. Its major tributaries include the River Dodder, the River Poddle and the River Camac. The river supplies much of Dublin's water and supports a range of recreational activities.
Barunga Gap, South Australia
Barunga Gap is a locality in South Australia about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south west of Snowtown. Barunga Gap was named in reference to the co-located pass between the Barunga Range to the north and Hummock Range to the south. The word 'Barunga' derives from an indigenous term meaning "gap in the range". See Barunga Range § Etymology

Barunga Gap was a station between Bute and Snowtown on the Kadina-Brinkworth railway line from 1879 until it closed in 1993.

Barunga Range
The Barunga Range is a range of hills in the northern Mount Lofty Ranges starting near Clements Gap and Merriton in South Australia's Mid North. At the range's southern end it merges with Hummock Range at Barunga Gap, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south west of Snowtown. The name 'Barunga' derives from an indigenous term meaning "gap in the range".

The Barunga and Hummock ranges are host to the Clements Gap and Snowtown wind farms.
Vice President of Azerbaijan
The Vice President of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının vitse-prezidenti) is the second-highest office in Azerbaijan established by the 2016 constitutional referendum. The first and current vice president is First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva. Ilham Aliyev, the president of Azerbaijan, created the position of vice president in 2017 and appointed his wife to the position.

The First Vice President ranks immediately after the president and is the first in the line of succession, while Vice Presidents rank below the First Vice President. As a consequence, if Aliyev were to step down, Aliyeva would become the president of Azerbaijan. Critics, many of whom have labelled Aliyev an authoritarian leader, said the creation of the position was intended to consolidate the family's dynastic rule in Azerbaijan.

2016 Azerbaijani constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Azerbaijan on 26 September 2016. Voters were asked whether they approved of 29 constitutional amendments, with a separate vote on each one. All 29 amendments were approved by between 89% and 95% of voters. It created the office of the Vice President and extended the presidential term from five to seven years.
Cryptomanis
Cryptomanis ("hidden pangolin") is an extinct genus of pangolin from extinct family Patriomanidae. The genus is only known from the holotype specimen from middle Eocene deposits from Inner Mongolia, China. The holotype, AMNH 26140, was labeled as an unnamed pangolin in the fossil collection for decades. The remains consist of an incomplete postcranial specimen, with nearly complete hind limbs, an incomplete pelvis, a complete lumbar series from an incomplete vertebral column, numerous fragmentary remains of rib and sternal bones, a fragmentary scapula, and partially preserved forelimbs. Based on the femural length Cryptomanis was comparable in size to the modern Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica).

Patriomanidae
Patriomanidae ("fathers of pangolins") is an extinct family of pangolins from superfamily Manoidea that includes two extinct genera Patriomanis and Cryptomanis. Their fossils are found in Asia and North America.
Old College, University of Edinburgh
Old College is a late 18th-century to early 19th-century building of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located on South Bridge, and presently houses parts of the University's administration, the University of Edinburgh School of Law, and the Talbot Rice Gallery.

Originally called the "New College", it was designed by Robert Adam to replace a number of older buildings previously built on the site of the former Kirk o' Field, and after considerable delays was completed to a modified design by William Henry Playfair, except for the dome added later. It is a Category A listed building.

Edinburgh Law School
Edinburgh Law School is a department within the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. It was founded in 1707.

It is located in the historic Old College, the original site of the University. Two of the twelve currently sitting Supreme Court of the United Kingdom justices are graduates of Edinburgh, including the current President and Deputy President.

In 2014, the Research Excellence Framework commissioned by the UK government, ranked the University of Edinburgh 1st in Scotland and 4th in the UK. The 2022 league table rankings from The Guardian placed Edinburgh at 10th in the UK. The 2022 Complete University Guide league rankings placed Edinburgh at 8th in the UK. The 2018 The Times league rankings placed Edinburgh at 11th in the UK. Edinburgh Law School was placed 17th in the world and 6th in the UK for law in the 2023 QS World University Rankings by Subject: Law & Legal Studies.