hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan
The Russian conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan, whose later phase from 1829 to 1859 is also known as the Murid War, was the eastern theatre of the Caucasian War of 1817–1864. During this campaign, the Russian Empire conquered the independent peoples of the Eastern Caucasus.

When Russia annexed Georgia in 1801, it needed to control the Georgian Military Road in the central Caucasus – the only practical north–south route across the mountains. Russian control of the road meant the division of the fighting in the Caucasian War into two theatres. West of the road, in the Russo-Circassian War, the tribes did not unite and the war became very complex.  In the east the tribes joined in the Caucasian Imamate, a military-theocratic state which held out for thirty years. This state, established by Ghazi Muhammad in 1829–1832, came under the rule of Imam Shamil from 1834 until his surrender in 1859.

Georgian Military Road
42°30′15″N 44°27′14″E﻿ / ﻿42.5042°N 44.4538°E﻿ / 42.5042; 44.4538

The Georgian Military Road or Georgian Military Highway is the historic name for a major route through the Caucasus from Georgia to Russia. Alternative routes across the mountains include the Ossetian Military Road and the Transcaucasian Highway.
Type B1 submarine
The Type B1 submarine (巡潜乙型潜水艦, Junsen Otsu-gata sensuikan; lit. "Cruiser submarine type B"), also called the I-15-class submarine (伊一五型潜水艦, I-jū-go-gata sensuikan) after its lead submarine, was the first group of boats of the Type B cruiser submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1940s. In total 20 were built, starting with I-15, which gave the series their alternative name.

Japanese submarine I-15
I-15 was an Imperial Japanese Navy B1 type submarine commissioned in 1940 that served during World War II. She supported the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, operated off the United States West Coast, and took part in Operation K-1, the Aleutian Islands campaign, and the Guadalcanal campaign, including the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, before she was sunk in November 1942 during her fourth war patrol.
Middlesex 3
Middlesex 3 was an English level 12 Rugby Union league with teams from north-west London taking part.  Promoted teams moved up to Middlesex 2 and relegation was to Middlesex 4.  The division was cancelled at the end of the 1995–96 campaign after nine seasons due to the merger of the Hertfordshire and Middlesex regional leagues.

Counties 2 Middlesex
Counties 2 Middlesex (formerly Middlesex 2) is a level 8 Rugby Union league with teams from North-West London taking part.  Historically the league was a level 11 completion and the division was cancelled at the end of the 1995–96 campaign due to the merger of the Hertfordshire and Middlesex regional leagues.  After nearly 20 years, ahead of the 2025–26 season the league was reinstated as a decision was taken to once more split out Hertfordshire RFU and Middlesex RFU clubs.

Promoted teams typically move up to Counties 1 Middlesex and relegated sides move down to the Middlesex RFU merit tables.
Dennis Trident 3
Dennis Trident 3 (the 3 meaning 3-axle) (marketed as 3-axle Dennis Trident), is the first low-floor tri-axle double-decker bus chassis built by Dennis in the United Kingdom, with a large number purchased by bus companies in Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States and Canada.

Alexander Dennis Enviro500
The Alexander Dennis Enviro500 (previously known as the TransBus Enviro500) is a three-axle double-decker bus built by Alexander Dennis (formerly by TransBus International) in the United Kingdom. It was unveiled in 2002 and is one of the Enviro-series bus models made by TransBus/Alexander Dennis. The bus was sold on diesel or hybrid-electric powertrains and on Volvo chassis as a bodywork.

In 2014, the Enviro500 was superseded by the new Alexander Dennis Enviro500 MMC.
Arrochar Alps
The Arrochar Alps are a group of mountains located around the heads of Loch Long, Loch Fyne, and Loch Goil. They are part of the Grampian Mountains range, which stretch across Scotland. The villages of Arrochar and Lochgoilhead are the nearest settlements.  Many of the mountains are located on the Cowal Peninsula in Argyll and Bute, west of Scotland.

The mountains are especially popular due to their proximity and accessibility from the central belt of Scotland including Glasgow. They are mostly within both the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park and also in the Argyll Forest Park.

The Glens that give access into the heart of the mountain range include: Glen Croe, Hell's Glen, Glen Mhor and Glen Kinglas.

The A83, a main trunk road to the west coast of Scotland passes through the area.  There is a train station nearby at Arrochar and Tarbet railway station.

A83 road
The A83 is a major road in the south of Argyll and Bute, Scotland, running from Tarbet, on the western shore of Loch Lomond, where it splits from the A82, to Campbeltown at the southern end of the Kintyre peninsula. The road is best known for its section across the Rest and be Thankful pass through the Arrochar Alps between the heads of Loch Long and Loch Fyne.
Menedemus
Menedemus of Eretria (Ancient Greek: Μενέδημος ὁ Ἐρετριεύς; 345/44 – 261/60 BC) was a Greek philosopher and founder of the Eretrian school. He learned philosophy first in Athens, and then, with his friend Asclepiades, he subsequently studied under Stilpo and Phaedo of Elis. Nothing survives of his philosophical views apart from a few scattered remarks recorded by later writers.

Stilpo
Stilpo or Stilpon (Ancient Greek: Στίλπων, Stílpōn; c. 360 – c. 280 BC), in Latin sources also Stilbo or Stilbon, was a Greek philosopher of the Megarian school. He was a contemporary of Theophrastus, Diodorus Cronus, and Crates of Thebes. None of his writings survive, but he is described in the writings of others as being interested in logic and dialectic, and he argued that the universal is fundamentally separated from the individual and concrete. His ethical teachings approached that of the Cynics and Stoics. His most important followers were Pyrrho, the founder of Pyrrhonism, and Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoicism.
Selinunte
Selinunte (/ˌsɛlɪˈnuːnteɪ/ SEL-in-OON-tay, Italian: [seliˈnunte]; Ancient Greek: Σελῑνοῦς, romanized: Selīnoûs [seliːnûːs]; Latin: Selīnūs [sɛˈliːnuːs]; Sicilian: Silinunti [sɪlɪˈnuntɪ]) was a rich and extensive ancient Greek city of Magna Graecia on the south-western coast of Sicily in Italy. It was situated between the valleys of the Cottone and Modione rivers. It now lies in the comune of Castelvetrano, between the frazioni of Triscina di Selinunte in the west and Marinella di Selinunte in the east.

The archaeological site contains many great temples, the earliest dating from 550 BC, with five centred on an acropolis.

At its peak before 409 BC the city may have had 30,000 inhabitants, excluding slaves. It was destroyed and abandoned in 250 BC and never reoccupied.

Temple F (Selinus)
Temple F at Selinus in Sicily is a Greek temple of Magna Graecia of the Doric order. It was probably dedicated to Dionysus or Athena and is one of the three temples on the East Hill. The temple's dating is very uncertain, but it probably belongs to the middle of the sixth century BC.
Grantland
Grantland was a sports and pop-culture blog owned and operated by ESPN. The blog was started in 2011 by veteran writer and sports journalist Bill Simmons, who remained as editor-in-chief until May 2015. Grantland was named after famed early-20th-century sportswriter Grantland Rice (1880–1954).

On October 30, 2015, ESPN announced that it was ending the publication of Grantland.

Bill Simmons
William John Simmons III (born September 25, 1969) is an American podcaster, sportswriter, and cultural critic who is the founder and CEO of the sports and pop culture website The Ringer. Simmons first gained attention with his website as "The Boston Sports Guy" and was recruited by ESPN in 2001, where he eventually operated the website Grantland and worked until 2015. At ESPN, he wrote for ESPN.com, hosted his own podcast on ESPN.com titled The B.S. Report and was an analyst for two years on NBA Countdown.

Simmons founded The Ringer, a sports and pop culture website and podcast network, in 2016 and is its CEO. 
He hosted Any Given Wednesday with Bill Simmons on HBO for one season in 2016.  At The Ringer, he hosts The Bill Simmons Podcast.
Kevin McClain
Kevin Michael McClain (born October 21, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for MLP Academics Heidelberg of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL). He played college basketball for the Belmont Bruins.

Belmont Bruins men's basketball
The Belmont Bruins men's basketball team represents Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee. Belmont completed a 10-season run in the Ohio Valley Conference in 2021–22, and joined the Missouri Valley Conference in July 2022. The Bruins play their home games at the Curb Event Center under head coach Casey Alexander. Their most recent NCAA Division I tournament appearance was in 2019.
79th Fighter Squadron
The 79th Fighter Squadron is part of the 20th Fighter Wing at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina.  It operates the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft conducting air superiority missions.

The squadron is one of the oldest in the United States Air Force, its origins dating to 22 February 1918, being organized at Rich Field, Waco, Texas, as a pilot training Squadron during World War I.   The squadron saw combat during World War II, and became part of the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) during the Cold War.

Shaw Air Force Base
Shaw Air Force Base (Shaw AFB) (IATA: SSC, ICAO: KSSC, FAA LID: SSC) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located approximately 8.4 miles (13.5 km) west-northwest of downtown Sumter, South Carolina. It is one of the largest military bases operated by the United States, and is under the jurisdiction of USAF Air Combat Command (ACC). The 20th Fighter Wing (20th FW) is the host unit.
Heisei era
The Heisei era (平成; Japanese: [heːseː] ⓘ) was the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Akihito from 8 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor Hirohito, when his son, Akihito, acceded to the throne as the 125th emperor of Japan. In accordance with Japanese customs, Hirohito was posthumously renamed "Emperor Shōwa" on 31 January 1989.

Thus, 1989 corresponds to Shōwa 64 up until 7 January and Heisei 1 (平成元年, Heisei gannen; gannen means "first year") from 8 January. The Heisei era ended on 30 April 2019 (Heisei 31), with the abdication of Akihito from the Chrysanthemum Throne. It was succeeded by the Reiwa era as then-crown prince Naruhito ascended the throne on 1 May midnight local time.

Reiwa era
Reiwa (Japanese: 令和; pronounced [ɾeːwa] ⓘ or [ɾeꜜːwa]) is the current and 232nd era of the official calendar of Japan. It began on 1 May 2019, the day on which Emperor Akihito's eldest son, Naruhito, ascended the throne as the 126th Emperor of Japan. The day before, Emperor Akihito abdicated the Chrysanthemum Throne, marking the end of the Heisei era. The year 2019 corresponds with Heisei 31 from 1 January to 30 April, and with Reiwa 1 (令和元年, Reiwa gannen; 'the base year of Reiwa') from 1 May. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan explained the meaning of Reiwa to be "beautiful harmony".
Drumlane
Drumlane (Irish: Droim Leathan, meaning 'Broad Ridge') is a townland near the village of Milltown in County Cavan, Ireland. The area of Drumlane is approximately 85.76 hectares (211.93 acres). Drumlane is also the name of the civil parish in which the townland is situated. Christianity was introduced to Drumlane in 555 by Saint Columba, and Saint Máedóc of Ferns, known locally as Saint Mogue, founded an early Drumlane monastery. Saint Mogue made the Connachta nobleman Faircheallaigh the first Abbot of Drumlane at the end of the sixth century, and his Ó Faircheallaigh descendants were historically the Abbots of Drumlane. The name Drumlane denotes the drumlin region of low hilly ribbed moraines formed over a limestone bedrock created by the movement of glacial ice and melt water during the last ice age. Several townlands in the neighbourhood are prefixed with the word 'Drum' (Droim), while several others are prefixed with the word 'Derry' (Doire), which is Irish for oak.

Farrelly
The Ó Faircheallaigh are an Irish family of County Cavan, whose name is anglicised as Farrelly. The patronym means "descendant of Faircheallaigh", whose name means "super war". Faircheallaigh was the son of Ailill, a 7th-great-grandson of Niall, King of Ireland. He was made the heir of Saint Máedóc of Ferns in the 7th century and the Ó Faircheallaigh were the Abbots of Drumlane for 7 centuries, until David Ó Faircheallaigh became Bishop of Kilmore. Major Patrick Farrelly (m. Elizabeth Mead) was the father of David Farrelly, who was an author of the third Pennsylvania Constitution (1836); and General Terrence Farrelly was the first judge of Arkansas County, Speaker of the General Assembly of Arkansas Territory, and an author of the first Arkansas Constitution (1836); his son John Farrelly (m. Martha Clay) was a politician, and his grandson John Patrick Farrelly was Bishop of Cleveland. The name became Farley, and John Farley became Cardinal Archbishop of New York.
Dragon Harper
Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey, part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967. Published forty years later, it was the twenty-first in the series.

Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon's Kin and Dragon's Fire feature the character Kindan as a boy and young man, about 500 years after landing on Pern (500 AL). They were the first collaborations by mother and son.

Dragonriders of Pern
Dragonriders of Pern is a science fantasy series written primarily by American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey, who initiated it in 1967. Beginning in 2003, her middle child Todd McCaffrey has written Pern novels, both solo and jointly with Anne. The series (as of 2024) comprises 24 novels and two collections of short stories. The two novellas included in the first novel, Dragonflight, made McCaffrey the first woman to win a Hugo Award for writing fiction as well as the first to win a Nebula Award.
Summoner Wars
Summoner Wars is a mobile video game developed by Plaid Hat Games and Playdek, and based on the 2009 board game of the same name. The iOS version was released on July 4, 2012. The Android version was released on May 15, 2014.

Both versions are now unavailable, having not been updated for upgraded versions of the mobile operating systems.

In 2021, the Summoner Wars: Second Edition board game was released, along with an accompanying online version.

Summoner Wars: Second Edition
Summoner Wars (Second Edition) is a tactical card game designed by Colby Dauch and Plaid Hat Games which iterates on the 2009 title of the same name. In Summoner Wars, players aim to eliminate the opponent's summoner using factions by moving units and deck building. It was physically published in 2021 and received generally positive reviews for its strategy, engagement, and accessibility. A digital version was also released.
Mississippi Highway 603
Mississippi Highway 603 (MS 603) is a 25.0-mile-long (40.2 km) state highway in Hancock County, Mississippi. The highway generally runs north–south from its southern terminus at U.S. Route 90 (US 90) in Waveland through Bay St. Louis and Kiln to its northern terminus at MS 53 near Necaise. The road is maintained by the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT). MDOT and Mississippi's law code define MS 603's southern terminus as its intersection with MS 43 in Kiln. However, many maps such as Google Maps and MapQuest, and  local signage show the highway continuing farther south to Waveland.' The road that became MS 603 has existed since 1927, and the highway was designated in 1950. The highway was also partially paved, from Waveland to Kiln, in 1950 and was completely paved in 1957. An interchange was created at Interstate 10 (I-10) in 1960.

Hancock County, Mississippi
Hancock County is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of Mississippi and is named for Founding Father John Hancock. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,053. Its county seat is Bay St. Louis. Hancock County is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is situated along the Gulf of Mexico and the state line with Louisiana. The area is home to the John C. Stennis Space Center, NASA's largest rocket engine test facility. The county was severely damaged from Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, which caused a huge storm surge and catastrophic damage.
Haywood Highsmith
Haywood Lee Highsmith Jr. (born December 9, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Highsmith was born in Baltimore. He played college basketball for the Cardinals of Wheeling Jesuit University and was the NCAA Division II Player of the Year as a senior in 2018.

After not being selected in the 2018 NBA draft, Highsmith began his professional basketball career with the Delaware Blue Coats of the NBA G League in 2018. Late in the 2018–19 season, Highsmith made his NBA debut with the Blue Coats' parent team Philadelphia 76ers. In later years, Highsmith played in multiple stints with the Blue Coats, the Crailsheim Merlins of the German Basketball Bundesliga, and the Miami Heat.

Wheeling University
Wheeling University (WU, formerly Wheeling Jesuit University) is a private Catholic university in Wheeling, West Virginia, United States. It was founded as "Wheeling College" in 1954 by the Society of Jesus (also known as the Jesuits) and was a Jesuit institution until 2019. Wheeling University competes in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Mountain East Conference.
Mir EO-3
Mir EO-3 (also called Mir Principal Expedition 3) was an expedition to the space station Mir. The crew consisted of 3 people, Musa Manarov (Commander), Vladimir Titov (Flight Engineer) and Valeri Polyakov (Research Doctor). Manarov and Titov arrived at the station in December 1987 on Soyuz TM-4, while Polyakov arrived much later, in August 1988 on Soyuz TM-6. After the arrival of Polyakov, medical experiments became more intensive.

Soyuz TM-6
Soyuz TM-6 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. It was launched on 29 August 1988, at 04:23:11 UTC, for the station's third long-duration expedition, Mir EO-3. The three-person crew that was launched consisted of Research Doctor Valeri Polyakov, who became part of the EO-3 crew, as well as the two crew members of the week-long mission Mir EP-3, which included the first ever Afghan cosmonaut, Abdul Ahad Mohmand.

On September 8, Soyuz TM-6 was undocked from Mir's Kvant port and redocked onto the Mir Base Block's port. It remained there until December, when it brought Titov and Manarov of the EO-3 crew back to Earth. It also landed French astronaut Jean-Loup Chrétien, ending his 25-day-long spaceflight which started with Soyuz TM-7.
Walk crisis
The Walk Crisis (also called the Valga Crisis or the Valka Crisis, after the Estonian and Latvian names of the town, respectively) was an episode in Estonia–Latvia relations over the territorial dispute along the border between the two countries, chiefly about the town of Walk (now Valga, Estonia and Valka, Latvia) and the island of Runö (now Ruhnu, Estonia). The territorial dispute lasted from 1918 when both countries declared independence, until its settlement in a border treaty in October 1920.

Ruhnu
Ruhnu (Swedish: Runö; Latvian: Roņu sala; Livonian: Rūnõmō) is an Estonian island in the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea. Its territory of 11.9 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) is administratively part of Saare maakond (county). Ruhnu lies geographically closer to the coast of Courland on the mainland of Latvia than it is to any point in the rest of Estonia. With less than 150 official residents, the Ruhnu vald (parish) has the smallest population of Estonia's 79 municipalities. Before 1944, it was for centuries populated by ethnic Swedes and traditional Swedish law was used.
Leah O'Brien
Leah Marie O'Brien-Amico (born September 9, 1974) is an American, former college softball outfielder, author, speaker and sports commentator. She is currently the head coach for the Florida Vibe of the Association of Fastpitch Professionals (AFP). She is best known for playing college softball at Arizona from 1993 to 1997, winning three National Championships, and earning gold medals at the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. She is a USA Softball Hall of Fame honoree having been inducted in 2009.

Arizona Wildcats softball
The Arizona Wildcats softball team represents the University of Arizona in NCAA Division I Softball. Having claimed eight national championships (second only to UCLA), the team is one of the most successful in the history of the sport. It plays its home games at Rita Hillenbrand Memorial Stadium in Tucson, AZ. The team was formerly coached by Mike Candrea, who began his UA coaching career in 1986 and announced his retirement on June 8, 2021.  He retired as the all time winningest coach in Collegiate softball history with 1,674 wins, more Collegiate national titles with 8 and the fourth most wins of any coach in any NCAA sport.

On August 4, 2023, Arizona announced it would join the Big 12 Conference along with Arizona State, Colorado, and Utah beginning in the 2024-25 academic year.
Jones County, North Carolina
Jones County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,172, making it the fourth-least populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Trenton. Jones County is part of the New Bern, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.

There are only three incorporated towns in Jones County, Pollocksville, Trenton, and Maysville. Two major highways in the county include: US 17 which runs south to Jacksonville, and north to New Bern and US 70 which runs west to Kinston, and east to Morehead City. Additionally, NC Highway 58 runs from the Lenoir/Jones county line to Trenton, where it turns south towards Pollocksville, then shares the road shortly with US 17 to Maysville, then runs south to the Jones/Carteret County line near Peletier.

Trenton, North Carolina
Trenton is a town in Jones County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 238 in 2020 census. It is the county seat of Jones County.

Trenton is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Archdiocese of Toliara
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toliara (Latin: Toliarana) is one of five Metropolitan archdioceses with an Ecclesiastical province in Madagascar, yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is in Toliara (formerly Tuléar).

Toliara
Toliara (also known as Toliary, [tuliˈar]; formerly  Tuléar) is a city in southern Madagascar. It is the capital of the Atsimo-Andrefana region, located 936 km southwest of the national capital Antananarivo.

The current spelling of the name was adopted in the 1970s, reflecting the orthography of the Malagasy language. Many geographic place names, assigned French spellings during the colonial period, were altered following Malagasy independence in 1960.

The city has a population of 168,758 in 2018. As a port town it acts as a major import/export hub for commodities such as sisal, soap, hemp, cotton, rice and peanuts.