hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jerry Fodor
Jerry Alan Fodor (/ˈfoʊdər/ FOH-dər; April 22, 1935 – November 29, 2017) was an American philosopher and the author of works in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. His writings in these fields laid the groundwork for the modularity of mind and the language of thought hypotheses, and he is recognized as having had "an enormous influence on virtually every portion of the philosophy of mind literature since 1960." At the time of his death in 2017, he held the position of State of New Jersey Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, at Rutgers University, and had taught previously at the City University of New York Graduate Center and MIT.

Zenon Pylyshyn
Zenon Walter Pylyshyn FRSC (/ˈzɛnən pəˈlɪʃən/; 25 August 1937 – 6 December 2022) was a Canadian cognitive scientist and philosopher. He was a Canada Council Senior Fellow from 1963 to 1964.

Pylyshyn's research generally involved the theoretical analysis of the nature of the human cognitive systems behind perception, imagination, and reasoning.  He developed visual indexing theory (sometimes called the FINST theory) which hypothesizes a pre-conceptual mechanism responsible for individuating, tracking, and directly (or demonstratively) referring to the visual objects that could be interrogated by cognitive processes. His very influential multiple object tracking experiment methodology emerged from this work.
Judith Chapman
Judith Chapman (born Judith Shepard) is an American actress, best known for soap opera roles, particularly as Natalie Bannon Hughes in As the World Turns (1975–1978), Charlotte Greer on Ryan's Hope (1983), Ginny Blake Webber on General Hospital (1984–1986), Sandra Montaigne on One Life to Live (1987), Anjelica Deveraux on Days of Our Lives (1989–1991, 2018), and Gloria Abbott Bardwell on The Young and the Restless (2005–2018, 2020–).

Gloria Abbott Bardwell
Gloria Abbott Bardwell is a fictional character from The Young and the Restless, an American soap opera on the CBS network. The role was originated by Joan Van Ark on June 9, 2004, who portrayed the role until 2005, with Judith Chapman assuming the role on January 17, 2005. She is the mother of Michael Baldwin (Christian LeBlanc) and Kevin Fisher (Greg Rikaart). She is known for attracting troublesome men, and being quite troublesome herself. Gloria can be naive at times, always taking things to the extreme. Known for her over-the-top personality, she owned and operated Gloworm, the hottest Genoa City club, until it burned down.
Canal Street incline
The Canal Street incline (also Canal Street portal) was a ramp connecting two transit tunnels in Boston with surface and elevated lines. It was located in the Bulfinch Triangle between North Station and Haymarket Square in two blocks bounded by Canal Street to the west, Causeway Street to the north, Haverhill Street to the east, and Market Street to the south. The incline was the north end of the Tremont Street subway (which became the center of the MBTA Green Line) and the Washington Street Tunnel (which became the Orange Line). Built in 1898, it remained in use until 2004 when the last connecting line was moved underground.

Tremont Street subway
The Tremont Street subway in Boston's MBTA subway system is the oldest subway tunnel in North America and the third-oldest still in use worldwide to exclusively use electric traction (after the City and South London Railway in 1890, and the Budapest Metro's Line 1 in 1896), opening on September 1, 1897.  It was originally built, under the supervision of Howard A. Carson as chief engineer, to get streetcar lines off the traffic-clogged streets, instead of as a true rapid transit line.  It now forms the central part of the Green Line, connecting Boylston Street to Park Street and Government Center stations.
Post-politics
Post-politics is a term in social sciences used to describe the effects of depoliticisation—a move away from the antagonistic political discourse, empowering unelected technocrats with decisions—in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, when the representative democracies of the post–Cold War era had arguably entered depoliticisation. Generally related to and used alongside similar terms such as "post-democracy" and "the post-political", the term "post-politics" carries negative connotations of depriving the people from having a voice on issues deemed settled by the elites.

Post-democracy
The term post-democracy is a term coined by Warwick University political scientist Colin Crouch in 2000 in his book Coping with Post-Democracy. It designates states that operate by democratic systems (elections are held, governments fall, and there is freedom of speech), but whose application is progressively limited. That is, a small elite co-opts democratic institutions to give itself decision-making authority. Crouch further developed the idea in an article called, "Is there a liberalism beyond social democracy?" for the think tank Policy Network and in his subsequent book The Strange Non-Death of Neo-Liberalism.

The term may also denote a general conception of a post-democratic system that may involve other structures of group decision-making and governance than the ones found in contemporary or historical democracy.
Cancer pagurus
Cancer pagurus, commonly known as the edible crab or brown crab, is a species of crab found in the North Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and perhaps the Mediterranean Sea. It is a robust crab of a reddish-brown colour, having an oval carapace with a characteristic "pie crust" edge and black tips to the claws. A mature adult may have a carapace width up to 25 centimetres (10 inches) and weigh up to 3 kilograms (6+1⁄2 pounds). C. pagurus is a nocturnal predator, targeting a range of molluscs and crustaceans. It is the subject of the largest crab fishery in Western Europe, centred on the coasts of the Ireland and Britain, with more than 60,000 tonnes caught annually.

Crab fisheries
Crab fisheries are fisheries which capture or farm crabs. True crabs make up 20% of all crustaceans caught and farmed worldwide, with about 1.4 million tonnes being consumed annually. The horse crab, Portunus trituberculatus, accounts for one quarter of that total. Other important species include flower crabs (Portunus pelagicus), snow crabs (Chionoecetes), blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), edible or brown crabs (Cancer pagurus), Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), and mud crabs (Scylla serrata), each of which provides more than 20,000 tonnes annually.
Gregory of Narek
Grigor Narekatsi (Armenian: Գրիգոր Նարեկացի; anglicized as Gregory of Narek; c. 950 – 1003/1011) was an Armenian mystical and lyrical poet, monk, and theologian. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Apostolic and Catholic Churches and was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Francis in 2015.

The son of a bishop, Gregory was educated, ordained, and later stationed at Narekavank on the southern shores of Lake Van (modern Turkey). Scholars consider Gregory the most beloved and significant theological and literary figure of the Armenian religious tradition.

He is best known for his Book of Lamentations, a significant piece of mystical literature which serves as a confessional prayer book in many Armenian religious households. His works have inspired many Armenian literary figures and influenced Armenian literature throughout the ages.

Narekavank
Narekavank (Armenian: Նարեկավանք, "Monastery of Narek", Western Armenian: Nareg) was a tenth-century Armenian monastery in the historic province of Vaspurakan, near the southern shores of Lake Van, in present-day Gevaş district in Van Province in eastern Turkey. The monastery was one of the most prominent in medieval Armenia and had a major school. The poet Gregory of Narek (Grigor Narekatsi) notably flourished at the monastery. It was abandoned in 1915 during the Armenian genocide, and reportedly demolished around 1951. A mosque now stands on its location.
Carlton Haselrig
Carlton Lee Haselrig (January 22, 1966 – July 22, 2020) was an American heavyweight wrestler and National Football League (NFL) player. Haselrig wrestled for University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. He is the only person to ever win six NCAA titles in wrestling, three times in Division II and three times in Division I. His three-peat of Division II and Division I NCAA National Championships were won in 1987, 1988, and 1989. All six championships were won for Pitt–Johnstown.

Haselrig then moved on to professional football, where he played five seasons in the NFL, becoming a Pro Bowl offensive guard in 1993. In 2008, he made his mixed martial arts debut in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In 2016, Haselrig was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.

University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
The University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown (UPJ or Pitt-Johnstown) is a state-related college in Richland Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, near the city of Johnstown. A baccalaureate degree-granting, regional campus of the University of Pittsburgh, UPJ was founded in 1927 as one of the first regional campuses of a major university in the United States.
Amidon, North Dakota
Amidon (/ˈæmɪdɒn/ AM-i-don) is a city in and the county seat of Slope County, North Dakota, United States.

Amidon was the smallest incorporated county seat at the 2000 census. When the 2020 census reported its population as 24, it became the second-smallest incorporated county seat after Brewster, Nebraska, with a population of 17. In 2000, Amidon had 26 people to Brewster's 29.  Two other unincorporated county seats are smaller: Mentone, Texas (population 19), the county seat of Loving County, and Gann Valley, South Dakota (population 10), the county seat of Buffalo County, South Dakota.

It is located on U.S. 85 approximately 31 miles (50 km) north of Bowman, and is the closest city to White Butte.

Slope County, North Dakota
Slope County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 706, and was estimated to be 660 in 2024, making it the least populous county in North Dakota and the 18th-least populous county in the United States. The county seat is Amidon and the largest city is Marmarth.
Nerve tract
A nerve tract is a bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting nuclei of the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, this is known as a nerve fascicle, and has associated connective tissue. The main nerve tracts in the central nervous system are of three types: association fibers, commissural fibers, and projection fibers. A nerve tract may also be referred to as a commissure, decussation, or neural pathway. A commissure connects the two cerebral hemispheres at the same levels, while a decussation connects at different levels (crosses obliquely).

Association fiber
Association fibers are axons (nerve fibers) that connect cortical areas within the same cerebral hemisphere.

In human neuroanatomy, axons within the brain, can be categorized on the basis of their course and connections as association fibers, projection fibers, and commissural fibers. Bundles of fibers are known as nerve tracts, and consist of association tracts, commissural tracts, and projection tracts.

The association fibers unite different parts of the same cerebral hemisphere, and are of two kinds: (1) short association fibers that connect adjacent gyri; (2) long association fibers that make connections between more distant parts.
Alicia Fox
Victoria Elizabeth Crawford (born June 30, 1986) is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where she performs under her real name, and also performs on the independent circuit under the ring name Vix Crow. She is best known for her seventeen-year tenure in WWE, where she performed under the ring name Alicia Fox.

Crawford debuted on SmackDown on June 13, 2008, using the Alicia Fox name and the gimmick of a wedding planner. In November, she moved to the ECW brand, where she managed DJ Gabriel. The following year, Fox began challenging for the WWE Divas Championship, which she won in June 2010, holding the title for two months, becoming the only African American Divas Champion. In October 2014, she began starring in the reality television series Total Divas on E! as a part of the main cast.

Tamina Snuka
Sarona Moana Marie Reiher Snuka-Polamalu (born January 10, 1978) is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE where she performs under the ring name, Tamina, but has been inactive since March 2023.

The daughter of professional wrestler Jimmy Snuka, she began wrestling in 2009 and worked for World Xtreme Wrestling, and she signed a contract with WWE the following year. She is a former one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion (with Natalya) and a nine-time WWE 24/7 Champion. Snuka was last active on the March 3rd, 2023 edition of Main Event.
Ozoro
Ozoro is a city and the headquarter of Isoko North Local  Government area of Delta State, Nigeria. It is one of the two administrative units in the Isoko region of Delta State, southern Nigeria. Ozoro had been incorrectly spelt Usoro in some older maps of Nigeria. Ozoro, the capital city of Isoko North, has a population of approximately 186,000 inhabitants.

Isoko region
Isoko is a region of Delta State and Bayelsa in southern Nigeria and is inhabited by an ethnic group of the same name, the Isoko people. The region is divided into two Local Government Areas, Isoko North (headquartered at Ozoro) and Isoko South (headquartered at Oleh).
Laurence Broderick
Laurence Broderick  FRSA (18 June 1935 – 18 April 2024) was a British sculptor. His best known work is 'The Bull', a public sculpture erected in 2003 at the Bull Ring, Birmingham. The Bull  is about 4.5 meters long, about 220 cm high and weighs about 6.5 tons. It is one of the largest bronze animal sculptures in the country. His work consists largely of figurative carvings in stone and editions in bronze.

Bull Ring, Birmingham
The Bull Ring is a major shopping area in central Birmingham, England, consisting of open-air and indoor market stalls as well as a large indoor shopping centre.

The Bull Ring has been an important feature of Birmingham since the Middle Ages, when its market was first held, developing into its main market when the town grew into an industrial city. The current shopping centre complex, styled as "Bullring", forms the United Kingdom's largest city centre based shopping centre when coupled with Grand Central, to which it is connected via a pedestrian overpass, collectively branded as Bullring & Grand Central. The current Bullring opened in 2003, replacing a previous 1960s complex, and houses one of  only four Selfridges department stores in the country.

The site is located on the edge of the sandstone city ridge which results in the steep gradient towards Digbeth. The slope drops approximately 15 metres (49 ft) from New Street to St Martin's Church and is visible near the church.
Made to Suffer
"Made to Suffer" is the eighth episode and mid-season finale of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead. It was directed by Billy Gierhart and written by Robert Kirkman, and aired on AMC in the United States on December 2, 2012. In this episode, Rick (Andrew Lincoln), Daryl (Norman Reedus), Michonne (Danai Gurira), and Oscar (Vincent Ward) enter Woodbury in search of Glenn (Steven Yeun) and Maggie (Lauren Cohan). Meanwhile, a new group of survivors discover the prison.

This episode marks the first appearances of Tyreese Williams (Chad L. Coleman) and Sasha Williams (Sonequa Martin-Green). It also features a cameo from Jon Bernthal (Shane Walsh).

Sasha Williams (The Walking Dead)
Sasha Williams is a fictional character (portrayed by Sonequa Martin-Green) from The Walking Dead, an AMC television horror drama series. The character was created by Robert Kirkman, the creator of The Walking Dead comic book series which the show is based on and in which Sasha has no counterpart.

Sasha, her brother Tyreese, and a small family of other survivors stumble upon the prison where Rick's group has already been set up. After being denied sanctuary at the prison, the surviving members of Sasha's group find themselves at Woodbury and serve as soldiers and look-outs for The Governor. As the other members of their original group perish in the war between the prison and Woodbury, The Governor's cruelty is exposed to Sasha and Tyreese, who switch sides and join Rick's group. Sasha eventually becomes romantically involved with Bob Stookey, and later on, Abraham Ford. Sasha becomes the group's sniper. She later dies after ingesting poison as a method of trying to kill Negan.
Elitzur Ashkelon
Elitzur Ashkelon (Hebrew: אליצור אשקלון) was a professional basketball team based in Ashkelon in south-west Israel. The team reached the quarterfinals of the EuroCup Challenge in 2006 and also won the 2006 League Cup.

2006 Israeli Basketball League Cup
Winner Cup 2006 is the 1st edition of the Israeli basketball pre-season tournament - Winner Cup. It was played on 15 October-19 October in Jerusalem at the Malha Arena, during the jewish holiday of Sukkot. Ironi Ashkelon has won the cup after beating Maccabi Rishon LeZion 79-73 in the final.
Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine
Philippe of Lorraine (1643 – 8 December 1702), known as the Chevalier de Lorraine, was a French nobleman, descendant of the Dukes of Elbeuf, member of the House of Guise, cadet branch of the ducal House of Lorraine. He was the renowned lover of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, brother of Louis XIV.

House of Lorraine
The House of Lorraine (German: Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine. By the marriage of Francis of Lorraine to Maria Theresa of Austria in 1736, and with the success in the ensuing War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), the House of Lorraine was joined to the House of Habsburg and became known as the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen). Francis, his sons Joseph II and Leopold II, and his grandson Francis II were the last four Holy Roman emperors from 1745 until the dissolution of the empire in 1806. The House of Habsburg-Lorraine inherited the Habsburg Empire, ruling the Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918.

Although its senior agnates are the dukes of Hohenberg, the house is currently headed by Karl von Habsburg (born 1961), grandson of the last emperor Charles I.
Mochica language
Mochica (Yunga, Modern Mochica: Ed muchik) is an extinct and revitalizing language isolate formerly spoken by the Moche and Sican cultures in the departments of Lambayeque and La Libertad, along the Peruvian North Coast, until the 1920s. Documented in various colonial and 19th-century sources, Mochica is characterized by its unique consonant system, particularly its laterals, clitic- rather than affix-based morphosyntax, and etymologically transparent numeral classifiers. In recent times, there have been initiatives to revitalize the language, such as teaching it in schools and creating modern learning resources for Mochica.

Sican culture
The Sican (also Sicán) culture is the name that archaeologist Izumi Shimada gave to the culture that inhabited what is now the north coast of Peru between about 750 and 1375 CE. According to Shimada, Sican means "temple of the Moon". The Sican culture is also referred to as Lambayeque culture, after the name of the region in Peru. It succeeded the Moche culture. There is still controversy among archeologists and anthropologists over whether the two are separate cultures. The Sican culture is divided into three major periods based on cultural changes as evidenced in archeological artifacts.
Michele Aerden
Michele Aerden is a dentist and was president of the FDI World Dental Federation from 2005 to 2007. She was the first woman ever to be elected president of this non-profit organization and worked to promote oral health within the World Health Organization and worldwide.

FDI World Dental Federation
The FDI World Dental Federation (French: Fédération dentaire internationale) is an international organization representing the dental profession to oral health by developing health policies, education programs, and advocating for dentistry internationally.
Otoyol 20
Otoyol 20 (English: Motorway 20), O-20, Ankara Çevre yolu (English: Ankara Beltway), is a motorway in Ankara, Turkey that forms the ring road of the city. The 110 km (68 mi) long beltway connects in the northwest to the Anatolia Motorway, and in the south to Ankara-Adana Motorway.

The beltway is a four lane motorway in both directions on its length.

The beltway is the only ring motorway in Turkey to form a complete ring.

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
Princess Iron Fan
Princess Iron Fan (traditional Chinese: 鐵扇公主; simplified Chinese: 铁扇公主; pinyin: Tiěshàn Gōngzhǔ; Wade–Giles: T‘ie3-shan4 Kung1-chu3; Jyutping: Tit3sin3 Gung1zyu2) is a character from the 16th century Chinese novel Journey to the West. She is one of the most popular Journey to the West villains, alongside her husband the Bull Demon King, her son Red Boy, and Baigujing.

In Journey to the West, Princess Iron Fan made the villagers living near Flaming Mountains yield to her and offer her tribute like a goddess.  She is also addressed as Rākṣasī (羅剎女; Luóchànǚ).

The statues of the Princess Iron Fan and Bull Demon King have been established at the Flaming Mountains Scenic Area in Xinjiang and have become a popular tourist destination.

Red Boy
Red Boy (traditional Chinese: 紅孩兒; simplified Chinese: 红孩儿; pinyin: Hóng Hái-er; Wade–Giles: Hung2 Hai2-êrh; Jyutping: Hung4 Haai4ji4; Vietnamese: Hồng Hài Nhi, Japanese: Kōgaiji) is a character featured in the 16th-century novel Journey to the West. Red Boy was also known as the Boy Sage Great King (聖嬰大王; Shèngyīng Dàwáng) and "Bull Boy Sage" (牛聖嬰; Niú Shèngyīng). Through this, Red Boy had developed True Samādhi Fire (三昧真火; Sānmèi-zhēnhuǒ), which enables him to shoot fire inextinguishable by water and smoke from his eyes, nostrils, and mouth. Samādhi is the Sanskrit word for concentration. His classical appearance is Sudhana, also known as Shancai.
Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.