hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plantago indica
Plantago indica, commonly known as branched plantain, sand plantain, or black psyllium, is a flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae, and is one of a group of species in the genus Plantago formerly treated by some authors in a separate genus Psyllium. The plant is native to parts of Africa, Europe, Russia, and Asia, and is naturalised in many other areas such as Australia and North America. The plant can be found mostly in dry inland areas, such as those that are sandy, and also grows on roadsides and in meadows. The plant is not used broadly as a food source, but has been cultivated for its seeds which serve a medicinal use as a laxative.

Plantago indica has been widely listed as P. arenaria, a later synonym, and also extensively confused with the related species Plantago afra (glandular plantain).

Psyllium
Psyllium (/ˈsɪliəm/), or Isabgol or ispaghula (/ˌɪspəˈɡuːlə/), is the common name used for several members of the plant genus Plantago whose seeds are used commercially for the production of mucilage. Psyllium is mainly used as a dietary fiber to relieve symptoms of both constipation and mild diarrhea, and occasionally as a food thickener. Allergy to psyllium is common in workers frequently exposed to the substance.

It is generally safe and moderately effective as a laxative. Use of psyllium in the diet for three weeks or longer may lower blood cholesterol levels in people with elevated cholesterol, and may lower blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Use of psyllium for a month or longer may produce a small reduction in systolic blood pressure.

The plants from which the seeds are extracted tolerate damp and cool climates, and are mainly cultivated in northern India.
Statue of António Manoel de Vilhena
The statue of António Manoel de Vilhena is a life-sized Baroque bronze statue of António Manoel de Vilhena, a Portuguese Grand Master of the Order of St John. Commissioned in 1734 by the knight Felician de Savasse, it was sculpted by Pietro Paolo Troisi and cast by Aloisio Bouchut. In 1736 it was installed at Fort Manoel in Malta, and it was subsequently relocated a number of times. It was moved to Piazza Tesoreria in Valletta in 1858, to the entrance of The Mall gardens in Floriana in 1891, and to its present location at Pope John XXIII Square in Floriana in 1989.

Republic Square, Valletta
Republic Square (Maltese: Misraħ ir-Repubblika) is a piazza in Valletta, Malta. The square was originally called Piazza Tesoreria or Piazza dei Cavallieri, since the treasury of the Order of Saint John was located in the square. After a statue of Queen Victoria was installed in the square in the 19th century, it became known as Queen's Square or Piazza Regina (Maltese: Pjazza Reġina). Although its official name is Republic Square, it is still commonly referred to as Piazza Regina.
Saint Teilo
Saint Teilo (Latin: Teliarus or Teliavus; Breton: Teliau or Telo; French: Télo or Théleau; c. 500 – 9 February c. 560), also known as Eliud, was a British Christian monk, bishop, and founder of monasteries and churches. He was from Penalun (Penally) near Tenby in Pembrokeshire, south Wales.

Reputed to be a cousin, friend, and disciple of Saint David, he was bishop of Llandaff and founder of the first church at Llandaff Cathedral, where his tomb is. He also founded Llandeilo Fawr, as well as Penally Abbey at his place of birth.

Llandeilo
Llandeilo (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬanˈdeilɔ] ⓘ) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales, situated where the River Towy is crossed by the A483 on a 19th-century stone bridge. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 1,784. It is adjacent to the westernmost point of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The town is served by Llandeilo railway station on the Heart of Wales Line.

In 2021, The Sunday Times called the town one of the top six places to live in Wales. The newspaper praised the town as a ‘sophisticated shopping destination and a great showcase for local arts and crafts’.
Miss Grand Trentino-South Tyrol
Miss Grand Trentino-South Tyrol (Italian: Miss Grand Trentino-Alto Adige) is an Italian regional female beauty pageant, founded in 2022 by Giulio Romi. The winners of the contest represent the region of Trentino-South Tyrol in the Miss Grand Italy, a national preliminary pageant for Miss Grand International.

Since the inception of the Miss Grand Italy pageant, Trentino-South Tyrol candidates have never won the title yet; however, the placements they obtained in the national contest remain unclarified due to a lack of national competition results publicized by both regional and national organizers.

Miss Grand Italy
Miss Grand Italy (Italian: Miss Grand Italia) or Miss Grand International Italy is a national female beauty pageant in Italy, held annually since 2019, aiming to select the country representative for Miss Grand International, which is an annual international beauty pageant promoting World Peace and against all kinds of conflicts. The pageant has been being managed by a Benevento-based event organizer MUPI SRL., chaired by Giuseppe Puzio, since its establishment.

Since the establishment of Miss Grand International, to date, Italy representatives have never won the contest. The current titleholder is Marika Nardoz of Lazio, who was crowned on 26 September 2021 at Cinecittà World in Rome, outclassing other 39 finalists.
Toulouse Capitole University
Toulouse Capitole University (French: Université Toulouse Capitole, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite tuluz kapitɔl]; Occitan: Universitat Capitol de Tolosa) is a public university in Toulouse, France. It is one of the three universities of the city of Toulouse, in southwestern France. The university, presided by Hugues Kenfack, focuses on social sciences, law, political science, economics and administration. On January 1, 2023, the University Capitole University became an experimental public institution, regrouping the "component institutions" of the Toulouse School of Economics and the Sciences Po Toulouse, the "components" Toulouse School of Law, the Toulouse School of Management, the University Institutes of Technology (IUT) of Rodez, the Faculty of Computer Science (Informatique), and the Faculty of Administration and Communication.

Hugues Kenfack
Hugues Kenfack, full professor of law, was elected president of the French Toulouse Capitole University in 2020. His areas of expertise include contract law, commercial law, international trade law, arbitration, and mediation. Originally from the Foto region of West Cameroun, he holds a doctoral degree with honors, titled La franchise internationale (1996).
Netherlands Antilles in the OTI Festival 1984
The Netherlands Antilles was represented at the OTI Festival 1984 with the song "La verdad", written and performed by Gabriel Flores. The Netherlands Antillean participating broadcaster, Antilliaanse Televisie Maatschappij (ATM), selected its entry through a televised national final. The song, that was performed in position 1, was not among the top-three places revealed.

OTI Festival 1984
The OTI Festival 1984 (Spanish: Decimotercer Gran Premio de la Canción Iberoamericana, Portuguese: Décimo Terceiro Grande Prêmio da Canção Ibero-Americana) was the 13th edition of the OTI Festival, held on 10 November 1984 at the National Auditorium in Mexico City, Mexico, and presented by Raúl Velasco, Pilín León, and Claudia Córdoba. It was organised by the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI) and host broadcaster Televisa.

Broadcasters from twenty-one countries participated in the festival. The winner was the song "Agualuna" performed by Fernando Ubiergo representing Chile; with "Vem no meu sonho" by Adelaide Ferreira representing Portugal placing second; and "Tiempos mejores" by Yuri representing Mexico placing third.
Rhodiola
Rhodiola is a genus of perennial plants in the family Crassulaceae that resemble Sedum and other members of the family.  Like sedums, Rhodiola species are often called stonecrops.  Some authors merge Rhodiola into Sedum.

Rhodiola species grow in high-altitude and other cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Plants of the World Online gives the number of accepted species as 74, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website gives it as 90, and the Flora of China gives it as about 90, with 55 in China and 16 endemic there. Flora of North America lists only three species in the United States and Canada.

Sedum
Sedum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species, subsequently reduced to 400–500. They are leaf succulents found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in Africa and South America. The plants vary from annual and creeping herbs to shrubs. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many stamens as petals. Various species formerly classified as Sedum are now in the segregate genera Hylotelephium and Rhodiola.

Well-known European species of Sedum are Sedum acre, Sedum album, Sedum dasyphyllum, and Sedum hispanicum.
Xoybûn
Xoybûn or Khoybun (Kurdish: خۆیبوون) was a Kurdish nationalist political party, that is known for leading the Ararat rebellion, commanded by Ihsan Nuri. Many Armenians joined the movement as well, the party was active in all parts of Kurdistan until it was dissolved in 1946.

Ihsan Nuri
Ihsan Nuri, also known as Ihsan Nuri Pasha (Kurdish: Îhsan Nûrî Paşa ,ئیحسان نووری پاشا), 1892 or 1893, Bitlis – 25 March 1976, Tehran) was a Kurdish soldier and politician, former officer of the Ottoman and Turkish Army, and one of the leaders of the Ararat rebellion as the generalissimo of the Kurdish National Forces.
Chup Tazia
Chup Tazia (Bengali: চুপ তাজিয়া; Urdu: چُپ تَعِزْیَہ) or silent tazia is the name given to religious processions held mostly on the 8th of Rabi' al-awwal by Twelver Shia Muslims in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan to commemorate the death of  Imam Hasan al-Askari, the eleventh of the Twelver Shi'a Imams. The procession is usually regarded as the last procession of the mourning period that begins in the Islamic month of Muharram.

Rabi' al-Awwal
Rabi' al-Awwal (Arabic: رَبِيع ٱلْأَوَّل, romanized: Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal), also known as Rabi' al-Ula (رَبِيع ٱلْأُولَىٰ, Rabīʿ al-ʾŪlā; lit. 'The first Rabi') or Rabi' I, is the third month of the Islamic calendar. The name Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal means 'the first month' or 'the beginning of spring', referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar.
Murder of Jo Cox
On 16 June 2016, Jo Cox, a British Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Batley and Spen, died after being shot and stabbed multiple times in Birstall, West Yorkshire. In November 2016, 53-year-old Thomas Alexander Mair was found guilty of her murder and other offences connected to the killing in an act of terrorism. The judge concluded that Mair wanted to advance white supremacy and exclusive nationalism most associated with Nazism and its modern forms. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order.

The incident was the first killing of a sitting British MP since the death of Conservative MP Ian Gow, who was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1990, and the first murder of a politician in the United Kingdom since county councillor Andrew Pennington was killed in 2000.

Birstall, West Yorkshire
Birstall is a market and mill town in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Birstall and Birkenshaw ward, which had a population of 16,298 at the 2011 census. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and part of the Heavy Woollen District, Birstall is approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Leeds and situated close to the M62 motorway. The town is situated between Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield and Wakefield.
Diplomystes cuyanus
Diplomystes cuyanus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Diplomystidae, the velvet catfishes. This fish is endemic to Argentina where it is found in the Colorado River and tributaries as well as the Desaguadero-Salado basin.  It grows to a length of 21.8 cm (8.6 in).

Diplomystes
Diplomystes is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the monotypic family Diplomystidae, the velvet catfishes. These are basal catfishes endemic to freshwater habitats in Argentina and Chile in southern South America.
Half Moon (1989 replica)
Half Moon is a replica of Halve Maen, the famed ship that English mariner Henry Hudson sailed up the Hudson River in 1609. The ship was constructed between 1988 and 1989 at the Snow Dock in Albany, New York, its construction commissioned by Dr. Andrew Hendricks. The ship's construction fulfilled Dr. Hendricks' dream to use the historic icon as an educational instrument, bridging the gap between the American way of life and the Dutch heritage in  New York state. In March 2015, the replica ship departed the Hudson River Valley to a new home, Hoorn, The Netherlands. In February 2019, it was announced that the Hoorn government would not extend their contract to serve as the Dutch homeport of the Half Moon. Hoorn's contract expired on April 1, 2020. The Half Moon is currently at port in Kampen, Netherlands. The board of directors of the New Netherland Museum have not announced what the future of the ship may hold.

Halve Maen
Halve Maen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦɑlvə ˈmaːn] ⓘ; transl. "Half Moon") was a Dutch East India Company jacht (similar to a carrack) that sailed into what is now New York Harbor in September 1609. She had a length of 21 metres and was commissioned by the VOC Chamber of Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic to covertly find a northern passage to Asia. The ship was captained by Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Dutch Republic.

In 1909, the Kingdom of the Netherlands presented the United States with a replica of Halve Maen to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Hudson's voyage; the replica was destroyed in a fire in 1934. Over 50 years later, in 1989, the New Netherland Museum commissioned a second replica, which sailed for several decades along the Hudson River until it was transported in 2015 to the Westfries Museum in Hoorn, Netherlands, where it is permanently moored.
Standing's day gecko
Standing's day gecko (Phelsuma standingi) is an arboreal and diurnal species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to southwest Madagascar; it is threatened by illegal collection for the international pet trade and habitat loss. It is among the largest living species of day geckos. Standing's day gecko feeds on insects and nectar.

Phelsuma
Phelsuma is a large genus of geckos in the family Gekkonidae. Species in the genus Phelsuma are commonly referred to as day geckos.

Some day geckos are seriously endangered and some are common, but all Phelsuma species are CITES Appendix II listed. Little is known about trade in day geckos, but the IUCN considers it a threat to some species. Some species are captive-bred.
Madame de La Fayette
Marie-Madeleine Pioche de La Vergne, Comtesse de La Fayette (baptized 18 March 1634 – 25 May 1693), better known as Madame de La Fayette, was a French writer; she authored La Princesse de Clèves, France's first historical novel and one of the earliest novels in literature.

Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné
Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné (French: [maʁi də ʁabytɛ̃ ʃɑ̃tal]; 5 February 1626 – 17 April 1696), also widely known as Madame de Sévigné or Mme de Sévigné ([madam də seviɲe]), was a French aristocrat, remembered for her letter-writing. Most of her letters, celebrated for their wit and vividness, were addressed to her daughter, Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné. She is revered in France as one of the great icons of French 17th-century literature.
BMW 6 Series (E24)
The BMW E24 is the first generation of BMW 6 Series range of grand tourer cars, which was produced from January 1976 to 1989 and replaced the BMW E9 coupé.

The E24 was produced solely in a 2-door coupé body style. All models used petrol straight-six engines, with the majority (aside from the M635CSi/M6 model) using a version of the BMW M30 engine family. The E24 shared many parts with the E12 5 series, and in 1982 was updated with parts from the newly released E28 5 series.

The M635CSi is the first of the BMW M6 model line and is powered by the M88/3 straight-six engine. In North America, the vehicle is badged as "M6" and uses the less powerful BMW S38 engine.

The eventual successor to the nameplate, the E63 6 Series, was released in 2004 after a 16-year hiatus. Although the E31 8 Series was introduced as production of the E24 was ending, the 8 Series is considered a separate model line and therefore not a successor to the E24.

BMW M88
The BMW M88 is a straight-6 DOHC petrol engine which was produced from 1978 to 1989. It is based on the DOHC version of the BMW M49 engine, which was used in the BMW 3.0CSi racing cars.

The M88 was produced alongside the BMW M30 engine, as the higher performance engine. In North America up until 1989, the BMW S38 engine was used instead of the M88. In 1989, an updated version of the S38 became the worldwide replacement for the M88. The M30B35LE is a SOHC engine which is based on the M88/1; this is sometimes referred to as the M90.
New York Jazz Quartet
The New York Jazz Quartet was founded by pianist Roland Hanna.  Initially consisting of flautist Hubert Laws, bassist Ron Carter, and drummer Billy Cobham, the lineup changed in 1974 to Frank Wess, bassist George Mraz, and drummer Ben Riley. Richie Pratt and Grady Tate also contributed to the group. The group recorded for the Inner City, Enja, Salvation and Sonet Records from 1972 to 1982.

Ron Carter
Ronald Levin Carter (born May 4, 1937) is an American jazz double bassist. His appearances on 2,221 recording sessions make him the most-recorded jazz bassist in history. He has won three Grammy Awards, and is also a cellist who has recorded numerous times on the instrument. In addition to a solo career of more than 60 years, Carter is well-known for playing on numerous iconic Blue Note albums in the 1960s, as well as being the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "Second Great Quintet" from 1963-1968.

Beginning with Where? in 1961, Carter's studio albums as leader also include Uptown Conversation (1969), Blues Farm (1973), All Blues (1973), Spanish Blue (1974), Anything Goes (1975), Yellow & Green (1976), Pastels (1976), Piccolo (1977), Third Plane (1977), Peg Leg (1978), A Song for You (1978), Etudes (1982), The Golden Striker (2003), Dear Miles (2006), and Ron Carter's Great Big Band (2011).
Pierre Nora
Pierre Charles Nora (French: [pjɛʁ ʃaʁl(ə) nɔʁa]; 17 November 1931 – 2 June 2025) was a French historian elected to the Académie Française on 7 June 2001. As editor at Éditions Gallimard, he established the Library of Social Sciences in 1966 and the Library of Histories in 1970. He was director of studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences from 1977 for four decades.  Nora is known for having directed Les Lieux de Mémoire, four volumes focused on places and objects of remembrance which incarnate the national memory of the French, writing a new history (nouvelle histoire).

Lieu de mémoire
A lieu de mémoire (French for "site of memory" or memory space) is a physical place or object which acts as container of memory. They are thus a form of memorialisation related to collective memory, stating that certain places, objects or events can have special significance related to group's remembrance. It is a term used in heritage and collective memory studies popularised by the French historian Pierre Nora in his three-volume collection Les Lieux de Mémoire (published in part in English translation as Realms of Memory). Nora describes them as “complex things. At once natural and artificial, simple and ambiguous, concrete and abstract, they are lieux—places, sites, causes—in three senses—material, symbolic and functional”.
Pabna District
Pabna District (Bengali: পাবনা জেলা) is a district in west central Bangladesh. It is a geographically and economically important district. Its administrative capital is the eponymous Pabna town. The main five rivers of this district are: Padma, Jamuna, Baral, Atrai and Chiknai.

Pabna
Pabna (Bengali: পাবনা) is a city on the north bank of the Jamuna river in the Rajshahi Division. It is the headquarters of the Pabna District and the Pabna Sadar Upazila. According to the 2022 Bangladeshi census the population of Pabna City is 176,000, which makes it the 30th largest city in Bangladesh.
Radkan, Razavi Khorasan
Radkan (Persian: رادكان) is a village in, and the former capital of, Radkan Rural District in Radkan District of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. It was the capital of the rural district until its capital was transferred to the village of Marichgan.

Radkan is known for its well-preserved traditional mud-brick houses and historical monuments, including a castle and caravanserai. The village is surrounded by mountains and is a destination for nature-lovers, hikers and photographers. Additionally, the village is known for its natural hot springs and mineral water.

Radkan District
Radkan District (Persian: بخش رادكان) is in Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Radkan, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,609 people in 784 households.
Big Joe Maher
Joseph W. Maher (born c. 1953), known as Big Joe Maher, is an American electric blues drummer, singer and songwriter. He is known for his jump blues group called Big Joe and the Dynaflows. He has worked with many blues musicians including Delbert McClinton, Anson Funderburgh, Kevin McKendree, Bob Margolin, Mark Wenner, Ann Rabson, Jimmy Witherspoon, Bull Moose Jackson, Nappy Brown, Otis Rush, Earl King, Duke Robillard, and Tom Principato.

Anson Funderburgh
Anson Funderburgh (born James Anson Funderburgh; November 14, 1954) is an American blues guitar player and bandleader of Anson Funderburgh and the Rockets since 1978. The band's style incorporates both Chicago blues and Texas blues.
Vehicle infrastructure integration
The Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII), also known as "Connected Roadways" or "vehicle-to-everything" (V2X) technology, is a United States Department of Transportation initiative that aims to improve road safety by developing technology that connects road vehicles with their environment. This development draws on several disciplines, including transport engineering, electrical engineering, automotive engineering, telematics, and computer science. Although VII specifically covers road transport, similar technologies are under development for other modes of transport. For example, airplanes may use ground-based beacons for automated guidance, allowing the autopilot to fly the plane without human intervention.

Platoon (automobile)
In transportation, platooning or flocking is a method for driving a group of vehicles together. It is meant to increase the capacity of roads via an automated highway system.

Platoons decrease the distances between cars or trucks using electronic, and possibly mechanical, coupling. This capability would allow many cars or trucks to accelerate or brake simultaneously. This system also allows for a closer headway between vehicles by eliminating reacting distance needed for human reaction.

Platoon capability might require buying new vehicles, or it may be something that can be retrofitted. Drivers would probably need a special license endorsement on account of the new skills required and the added responsibility when driving in the lead.

Smart cars with artificial intelligence could automatically join and leave platoons. The automated highway system is a proposal for one such system, where cars organise themselves into platoons of 8 to 25.