hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flight information service officer
Flight information service operator or FISO, provide a flight information service (FIS) to any air traffic that requests it, or requires it. A FISO is a licensed operator, who most usually works at an aerodrome, although there are some FISOs working in area control centers. FISOs must been validated for each aerodrome, or other air traffic control unit they work for. Air traffic controllers are also permitted to provide flight information services to pilots.

Flight information service
A flight information service (FIS) is a form of air traffic service  which is available to any aircraft within a flight information region (FIR), as agreed internationally by ICAO.

It is defined as information pertinent to the safe and efficient conduct of flight, and includes information on other potentially conflicting traffic, possibly derived from radar, but stopping short of providing positive separation from that traffic.

Flight Information also includes:

Meteorological information

Information on aerodromes

Information on possible hazards to flight

FIS shall be provided to all aircraft which are provided with any air traffic control (ATC) service or are otherwise known to air traffic service units. All air traffic service units will provide an FIS to any aircraft, in addition to their other tasks.
Peabody, Kansas
Peabody is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 937.  The city was named after F.H. Peabody of Boston, former vice-president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Peabody is well known in the region for its Independence Day Celebration on July 4, and its historic 1880s downtown main street.  It is located between Newton and Florence along U.S. Route 50 highway.

Marion County, Kansas
Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat is Marion and its most populous city is Hillsboro. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 11,823. The county was named in honor of Francis Marion, a brigadier general of the American Revolutionary War, known as the "Swamp Fox".
Fletcher's Canal
Fletcher's Canal was a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) long canal in Greater Manchester, which connected the Wet Earth Colliery to the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal at Clifton Aqueduct. The canal is now derelict and no longer used.

The canal was built on the south bank of the River Irwell through the area now known as Clifton Country Park. West of Pilkington's long sections of the canal are evident, although none of these sections hold water. As the canal passes through Clifton Country Park a footpath is maintained along the former towpath. Some of the original features are still evident, albeit in extremely poor condition.

Wet Earth Colliery
Wet Earth Colliery was a coal mine located on the Manchester Coalfield, in Clifton, Greater Manchester. The colliery site is now the location of Clifton Country Park. The colliery has a unique place in British coal mining history; apart from being one of the earliest pits in the country, it is the place where engineer James Brindley made water run uphill.
Q23 (New York City bus)
The Q23 bus route constitutes a public transit line in central Queens, New York City. The Q23 was formerly privately operated by the Triboro Coach Corporation, under a subsidized franchise with the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). The route is now operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the MTA Bus Company brand. The bus provides service between East Elmhurst in northwestern Queens to Forest Hills in central Queens, running mainly along 108th Street and providing access to the New York City Subway at the Forest Hills–71st Avenue station.

Triboro Coach
Triboro Coach Corporation was a bus company in New York City, United States, operating local service in Queens and express routes to Manhattan until February 20, 2006, when MTA Bus took over all of its bus operations and services.
Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) was a line infantry regiment of the English and later the British Army from 1661 to 1959. It was the senior English line infantry regiment of the British Army, behind only the Royal Scots in the British Army line infantry order of precedence.

In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the East Surrey Regiment, to form a single county regiment called the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment which was, on 31 December 1966, amalgamated with the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment, the Royal Sussex Regiment and the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) to form the Queen's Regiment. Following a further amalgamation in 1992 with the Royal Hampshire Regiment, the lineage of the regiment is continued today by the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires).

Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment
The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (PWRR), also known as the Tigers, is the senior English line infantry regiment of the British Army, second in the line infantry order of precedence to the Royal Regiment of Scotland and part of the Queen's Division.
Banco da Lavoura de Minas Gerais
Banco da Lavoura de Minas Gerais (Labor Bank of Minas Gerais) was a Brazilian bank, founded in 1925. On March 1, 1971 the bank moved its head office from Belo Horizonte to São Paulo and assumed its current name Banco Real S.A.

Banco Real
Banco Real was a Brazilian bank, owned by Spain's Banco Santander. ABN AMRO had owned the bank but in October 2007, a consortium led by Royal Bank of Scotland that also included Banco Santander and Belgium's Fortis, acquired ABN AMRO and proceeded to dismember it. Banco Santander acquired Banco Real from the consortium, together with some other ABN AMRO operations in Italy, particularly Banca Antonveneta.  Banco Santander already owned Banco Santander Brazil, which incorporated Banco do Estado de São Paulo (Banespa). Combining its existing operations with Banco Real will make Banco Santander Brazil the third largest private bank in the country, after Banco Bradesco and Itaú.

Santander has named the CEO of Banco Real to be the head of the combined group in Brazil, with the charge to unify the operations; Santander transferred the CEO of Banco Santander Brazil to Madrid, and then to New York. He is now CEO of Santander's US subsidiary, Sovereign Bank.
Circulene
A circulene is a macrocyclic arene in which a central polygon is surrounded and fused by benzenoids. Nomenclature within this class of molecules is based on the number of benzene rings surrounding the core, which is equivalent to the size of the central polygon. Examples which have been synthesized include  [5]circulene (corannulene), [6]circulene (coronene), [7]circulene, and [12]circulene (kekulene) These compounds belong to a larger class of geodesic polyarenes. Whereas [5]circulene is bowl-shaped and [6]circulene is planar, [7]circulene has a unique saddle-shaped structure (compare to cones and partial cones in calixarenes). The helicenes are a conceptually related class of structures in which the array of benzene rings form an open helix rather than a closed ring.

Kekulene
Kekulene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which consists of 12 fused benzene rings arranged in a circle.  It is therefore classified as a [12]-circulene with the chemical formula C48H24. It was first synthesized in 1978, and was named in honor of August Kekulé, the discoverer of the structure of the benzene molecule.
Coppelion
Coppelion (Japanese: コッペリオン, Hepburn: Kopperion) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tomonori Inoue. The story follows three high school girls who were genetically engineered to be impervious to radioactivity and sent to Tokyo after the city was contaminated by a nuclear accident. It was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Magazine from June 2008 to May 2012, and later in Monthly Young Magazine from May 2012 to February 2016, with its chapters collected in twenty-six tankōbon volumes.

An anime adaption by GoHands aired from October to December 2013 in Japan with a simulcast airing on the same day in Asia on Animax Asia. Viz Media has licensed the anime for streaming and home video release in North America.

GoHands
GoHands Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社GoHands, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Gōhanzu) is a Japanese animation studio located in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka. It was founded in 2008 by Ringo Kishimoto and former members of Satelight.

Known for their unique house animation style, GoHands have produced a number of anime series and films, including adaptations of Seitokai Yakuindomo (2010), Mardock Scramble (2010), Coppelion (2013) and The Girl I Like Forgot Her Glasses (2023), as well as original anime including K (2012), Hand Shakers (2017), and Momentary Lily (2025).
San Angelo Army Air Field
San Angelo Army Airfield is an inactive United States Air Force base, about 8 miles south-southwest of San Angelo, Texas.  It was active during World War II as a training airfield.   It was closed on 30 November 1945.

Webb Air Force Base
Webb Air Force Base (IATA: BGS), previously named Big Spring Air Force Base, was a United States Air Force facility of the Air Training Command that operated from 1951 to 1977 in West Texas within the current city limits of Big Spring. Webb AFB was a major undergraduate pilot training (UPT) facility for the Air Force, and by 1969, almost 9,000 pilots had been trained at Webb. The last operational wing at Webb AFB was the 78th Flying Training Wing.
Liljay
Liao Xiao Jie (born Chinese: 廖俊傑; pinyin: Liào Jùn Jié; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liāu Chùn-kia̍t), also known as Xiao Jie or Liljay, is a member of a trio boyband, JPM, with Qiu Wang Zi and Qiu Mao Di.

He was a former member of Lollipop, a Taiwanese Mandopop boyband, which consists of six members, Zhuang Ao Quan/Owodog, Qiu Wang Zi/Prince, Yang Xiao Yu/Fabien, Liao Wei Lian/William, Liu A-wei, and himself. They were all chosen from Channel [V] Taiwan's show Bang Bang Tang (BBT 模范棒棒堂), a show which sought to create new male artists in the entertainment business of Taiwan.

Lollipop signed under the label Gold Typhoon (formerly EMI Capitol) and Channel [V] Taiwan in 2006. However, their artist management contract with Channel [V] Taiwan ended at the end of 2009. Liao is now signed under A Legend Star Entertainment Corp., a company founded by former Channel [V] Taiwan director, Andy Chang.

JPM (band)
JPM is a Taiwanese Mandopop music band formed under the management of Sony Music company with artists Jay Chou, Leehom Wang, and Vanness Wu. The group debuted on January 11, 2011 with three members: Liljay, Prince, and Mao Di from A Legend Star Entertainment Corp. Two members (Jay and Prince) were originally part of Lollipop until 2009, while Mao Di is from Choc7.

Prior to Mao Di's addition, Jay and Prince released a single entitled Dance Can Be Replaced ("舞可取代") on July 8, 2010. On August 26, 2011, JPM finally released their debut album, Moonwalk which contains ten songs and one Cantonese version of "Because of You".
Constand Viljoen
General Constand Laubscher Viljoen SSA SD SOE SM MMM (28 October 1933 – 3 April 2020) was a South African Army officer and politician. He co-founded the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Front) and later founded the Freedom Front (which in turn merged into the Freedom Front Plus before the 2004 election).

Star of South Africa, Gold
The Star of South Africa, Gold, post-nominal letters SSA, is the senior decoration of two military and five non-military classes of the Order of the Star of South Africa, a South African Order which was instituted in 1975, and awarded to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force. The Order of the Star of South Africa was discontinued in 2002.
Cais do Sodré Station
Cais do Sodré is a station on the Green Line of the Lisbon Metro.  It is located in the Praça Duque da Terceira, connecting to the Cais do Sodré railway station and a boat port (allowing for quick travel between Lisbon and the cities of Cacilhas, Seixal, and Montijo).

Cais do Sodré railway station
The Cais do Sodré Railway Station (European Portuguese: [ˈkajʒ ðu suˈðɾɛ]) is an intermodal railway station in the civil parish of Misericórdia, in the municipality of Lisbon, serving as the terminus of the suburban route to the resort town Cascais.
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists!
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists! (released in some countries as The Pirates! Band of Misfits) is a 2012 stop-motion animated swashbuckler comedy film directed by Peter Lord and written by Gideon Defoe, based on his 2004 novel. Produced by Columbia Pictures, Sony Pictures Animation and Aardman Features and starring the voices of Hugh Grant, David Tennant, Imelda Staunton, Martin Freeman and Jeremy Piven, the film follows a crew of amateur pirates in their attempt to win the Pirate of the Year competition.

The Pirates! was released on 28 March 2012 in the United Kingdom and on 27 April 2012 in the United States. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed $123 million against a $55 million budget. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

Aardman Animations
Aardman Animations Limited, known simply as Aardman, is a British animation studio based in Bristol, England. It is known for films and television series made using stop-motion and clay animation techniques, particularly those featuring its plasticine characters from Wallace & Gromit,
Chicken Run, Shaun the Sheep, and Morph. After some experimental computer-animated short films during the late 1990s, beginning with Owzat (1997), Aardman entered the computer animation market with Flushed Away (2006). As of February 2020, it had earned $1.1 billion worldwide, with an average $135.6 million per film. Between 2000 and 2006, Aardman collaborated with DreamWorks Animation.

Aardman's films have been consistently well-received. Their stop-motion films are among the highest-grossing produced, with their 2000 debut, Chicken Run, being their top-grossing film, as well as the highest-grossing stop-motion film of all time. A sequel, Chicken Run: Dawn of the Nugget, was released in 2023.
Georgiy Afanasyev
Georgiy Yemelyanovich Afanasyev (Russian: Георгий Емельянович Афанасьєв, Ukrainian: Георгій (Юрій) Омелянович Афанасьєв, romanized: Heorhii (Yurii) Omelianovych Afanasiev; 28 February 1848 in Ufa – 15 December 1925 in Belgrade) was a Ukrainian and Russian historian, politician, and diplomat. Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ukrainian State (1918). Received a master's degree for his thesis: "The main points of the ministerial Turgot" (1884); and his doctoral dissertation was: "The Conditions of the Grain Trade in France at the End of the 18th Century" (1892). From 1888 he lectured at the Odessa University. He read in Odessa and Kiev.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство закордонних справ України, romanized: Ministerstvo zakordonnych sprav Ukrainy, IPA: [min⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɛrstwo zɐkorˈdɔnːɪx ˈsprɑu̯ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is the ministry of the Ukrainian government that oversees the foreign relations of Ukraine. The head of the ministry is the minister of foreign affairs.
V9X engine
The V9X is a common rail 65 degree V6 24-valve DOHC turbo-diesel developed by the Renault-Nissan Alliance, and first installed in the Renault Laguna in 2009. It was subsequently made available for both longitudinal-engine vehicles including Nissan Pathfinder, Nissan Navara, Infiniti FX, Infiniti EX, and Infiniti M and transverse-engine vehicles including Renault Latitude and Laguna Coupé. the v9x engine is based on the p9x engine,It was the first diesel engine installed in any Infiniti automobiles, seen as a necessity as that brand attempted to enter the European market.

Infiniti QX70
The Infiniti QX70, formerly the Infiniti FX until 2013, is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV marketed by Infiniti, Nissan's luxury division between 2002 and 2019 over two generations. The model replaced the QX4 as Infiniti's mid-size SUV. The model does not have a Nissan-branded equivalent, and was never sold in Japan.
Neend
Neend (transl. Sleep) is a Pakistani drama film directed by Hassan Tariq in his directorial debut and released in 1959. Based on a story and screenplay by Riaz Shahid, the films stars Noor Jehan, Neelo and Aslam Pervaiz with Nighat Sultana, Allauddin and Agha Talish in supporting roles. The music was composed by Rashid Attre while Noor Jehan also sang her own songs in the film.

Neend is one of the last films of Noor Jahan, after which she retired from acting. The film was a hit at the box office and was later remade by the director in 1977 as Begum Jaan. BBC Urdu included it in the best selected films of Pakistani cinema. It was screened by Lok Virsa Museum in August 2016, as a part of special feature films screening in the country. The film won 2 Nigar Awards in different categories.

Allauddin (Pakistani actor)
Allauddin Butt, better known as simply Allauddin 
(Urdu: علاءُ الدین; 2 February 1920 – 13 May 1983) was a Pakistani actor who worked in Pakistani Lollywood movies. His film career spanned over 4 decades.
Early Music (journal)
Early Music is a peer-reviewed academic journal specialising in the study of early music. It was established in 1973 by John M. Thomson during the early music revival, and is published quarterly by Oxford University Press. The co-editors are Alan Howard, Elizabeth Eva Leach and Stephen Rose.

The journal has been described as "successfully disseminat[ing] valuable information to all members of the early music community: scholars, performers, informed amateurs, and instrument makers and collectors".

John M. Thomson
John Mansfield Thomson (10 March 1926 – 11 September 1999) was a New Zealand musicologist who specialized in early music and the Music of New Zealand. He is known for founding the Early Music journal and for publications on his country's music, such as the 1991 The Oxford History of New Zealand Music. Grove Music Online describes him as "One of New Zealand's leading musicologists, [whose] publications on the country's musical history set benchmarks of accuracy, style and vitality".
Run Away (SunStroke Project and Olia Tira song)
"Run Away" is a song recorded by Moldovan group SunStroke Project along with Olia Tira with music composed by Anton Ragoza and Sergey Stepanov and English lyrics written by Alina Galetskaya. It represented Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, held in Oslo.

Sergey Stepanov (musician)
Sergey Igorevich Stepanov (Russian: Сергей Игоревич Степанов, Russian pronunciation: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈiɡərʲɪvʲɪtɕ sʲtʲɪˈpanəf]; Romanian: Serghei Stepanov, IPA: [serˈɡej steˈpanov]; born 3 September 1984), also known as the Epic Sax Guy, Saxroll or Ultra Sax Guy, is a Moldovan musician and composer and a member of the SunStroke Project.
National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research
The National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR) (sometimes still called the Northern Lab; known locally as the Ag Lab) is a United States Department of Agriculture laboratory center in Peoria, Illinois.  The Center researches new industrial and food uses for agricultural commodities, develops new technology to improve environmental quality, and provides technical support to federal regulatory and action agencies.

With approximately 270,000 square feet (25,000 m2), NCAUR is the largest of the Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) research centers.  The world-renowned ARS Culture Collection is maintained at this facility.

Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day. The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland. For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion. For 2023, the budget grew to $1.9 billion.
Alfred McAlpine v Transvaal Provincial Administration
Alfred McAlpine & Son (Pty) Ltd v Transvaal Provincial Administration is an important case in the South African law of contract, heard in the Appellate Division from 18 to 21 February 1974, and decided on 20 May. The case concerned a contract to build a portion of a national road, into which contract an exceptional number of variations was introduced. The result was disruption. Because the contract had not lapsed, the court determined that there was no new agreement in terms of which the contractor was entitled to reasonable remuneration instead of the contract price, and there was no implied term stipulating that the owner must introduce the variations "at reasonable times."

South African contract law
South African contract law is a modernised form of Roman-Dutch law rooted in canon and Roman legal traditions. It governs agreements between two or more parties who intend to create legally enforceable obligations. This legal framework supports private enterprise in South Africa by ensuring agreements are upheld and, if necessary, enforced, while promoting fair dealing. Influenced by English law and shaped by the Constitution of South Africa, contract law balances freedom of contract with public policy considerations, such as fairness and constitutional values.
George Lowe (climber)
George Henry Lowe III (born August 16, 1944) is an American rock climber and alpinist, noted for his alpine style ascents of difficult and infrequently repeated routes, and his development of traditional climbing routes in the Western United States. He pioneered winter ascents in the North American Rockies along with cousins Jeff Lowe (climber), Mike Lowe, and Greg Lowe. He is also known for his technically difficult ascents of mixed climbing faces in the Himalayas including the North Ridge of Latok I (within 200m of the summit) and the first ascent of the East Face of Mount Everest (Kangshung Face), where the "Lowe Buttress" bears his name. Lowe is currently a resident of Colorado.

Latok group
The Latok group is a cluster of large and dramatic rock peaks in the Panmah Muztagh, part of the central Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan. They lie just to the east of the Ogre group, dominated by Baintha Brakk. To the immediate south of the Latok group lies the Baintha Lukpar Glacier, a small tributary of the Biafo Glacier, one of the main glaciers of the Karakoram. On the north side flows the Choktoi Glacier.

The Latok range may be best known for Latok I's north ridge wall, which remains unclimbed in its entirety, despite many attempts. The Latok Tuber Belay Device, a piece of climbing equipment popularized by Jeff Lowe, takes its name from the mountain range.
Chamaecoetae
Chamaecoetae (Ancient Greek: χαμαικοῖται) were an ancient tribe mentioned by Greek geographer Strabo in his work Geographica during the first century AD. Some researchers connect them with the Ingush and localize them in mountainous Ingushetia, in Khamkhi, while others question these theories and argue that more arguments are needed.

Ingush people
Ingush (Ingush: Гӏалгӏай, romanized: Ghalghai, pronounced [ˈʁəlʁɑj]), historically known as Durdzuks, Gligvi and Kists, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Republic of Ingushetia in central Caucasus, but also inhabitanting Prigorodny District and town of Vladikavkaz of modern-day North-Ossetia. The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language.