hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavese (territory)
The Pavese (Western Lombard: Paves) is a geographical and historical area in the Pianura Padana (Po Rivers's valley) of northern Italy, located in south-western Lombardy. It constitutes one of the 3 territories in which is divided the Province of Pavia.

Province of Pavia
The province of Pavia (Italian: provincia di Pavia) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Pavia.

As of 2015, the province has a population of 548,722 inhabitants and an area of 2,968.64 square kilometres (1,146.20 sq mi); the town of Pavia has a population of 72,205.
Operation Valkyrie
Operation Valkyrie (German: Unternehmen Walküre) was a German World War II emergency continuity-of-government operations plan issued to the Territorial Reserve Army of Germany to implement in the event of a general breakdown in national civil order due to Allied bombing of German cities, or an uprising of the millions of foreign forced labourers working in German factories.

German Army (Heer) officers, General Friedrich Olbricht, Generalmajor Henning von Tresckow and Oberst Claus von Stauffenberg modified the plan with the intention of using it to take control of German cities, disarm the SS, and arrest the Nazi leadership once Hitler had been assassinated in the 20 July plot. Hitler's death (as opposed to his arrest) was required to free German soldiers from their oath of loyalty to him (Reichswehreid). After lengthy preparation, the plot was activated in 1944, but failed.

Replacement Army
The Replacement Army (German: Ersatzheer) was part of the Imperial German Army during World War I and part of the Wehrmacht during World War II. It was based within Germany proper and included command and administrative units as well as training and guard troops. Its primary role was to provide replacements for the combat divisions of the regular army.
Adams (revolver)
The Adams revolver, also known as the Deane-Adams revolver, is a black powder, double-action, percussion revolver. Introduced in 1851, it was the first revolver designed and produced in the United Kingdom. It was heavily used by British officers during the Crimean War (1853–1856) and the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It was the precursor of the more advanced Beaumont-Adams revolver, designed in 1856. After 1867, the production of breechloading Adams revolvers began, and many existing Adams and Beaumont-Adams revolvers were converted to breechloaders, using .450 Boxer centerfire cartridges. From 1872 to 1880, these revolvers (conversions and new breechloaders) were adopted as the official sidearms of the British Army and Navy and were in use until the 1880s.

Tranter (revolver)
The Tranter revolver was a double-action cap & ball revolver invented around 1856 by English firearms designer William Tranter (1816–1890). Originally operated with a special dual-trigger mechanism (one to rotate the cylinder and cock the gun, a second to fire it) later models employed a single-trigger mechanism much the same as that found in the contemporary Beaumont–Adams revolver.

Early Tranter revolvers were generally versions of the various Robert Adams-designed revolver models, of which Tranter had produced in excess of 8000 revolvers by 1853. The first model of his own design used the frame of an Adams-type revolver, with a modification in the mechanism which he had jointly developed with James Kerr. The first model was sold under the name Tranter-Adams-Kerr.
Ian Dowbiggin
Ian Robert Dowbiggin FRSC (born 1952) is a professor in the Department of History at the University of Prince Edward Island and writer on the history of medicine, in particular topics such as euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. His research and publications have been funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the Associated Medical Services. In 2011, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He is the brother of Canadian sports broadcaster and author Bruce Dowbiggin.

University of Prince Edward Island
The University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) is a public university in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, and the only university in the province. Founded in 1969, the enabling legislation is the University Act, R.S.P.E.I 2000.
Charles Henri, Prince of Commercy
Charles Henri of Lorraine (French: Charles Henri, Prince de Commercy, Prince de Vaudémont, pronounced [ʃaʁl ɑ̃ʁi pʁɛ̃s də kɔmɛʁsi pʁɛ̃s də vodemɔ̃]; 17 April 1649 – 14 January 1723) was the legitimated son of Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, and Béatrix de Cusance. He was given the Principality of Commercy in 1708 by his cousin Leopold, Duke of Lorraine. He was also the Count of Falkenstein.

Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine
Charles IV (5 April 1604 – 18 September 1675) was Duke of Lorraine from 1624 until his death in 1675, with a brief interruption in 1634, when he abdicated under French pressure in favor of his younger brother, Nicholas Francis.
Averof Neofytou
Averof Neofytou (Greek: Αβέρωφ Νεοφύτου; born 31 July 1961) is a Cypriot  politician, who was the President of the then-ruling Democratic Rally (DISY) party from 2013 to 2023, and currently serves as Member of the House of Representatives since 2006, having previously served in the position from 1996 to 1999. Prior to his election to parliament, which he briefly left to serve as Minister of Communications and Works, he was active in local politics and served as Mayor of his hometown, Polis, from 1992 to 1996.

On 20 March 2022, he was confirmed as DISY's candidate for the 2023 Cypriot presidential election. In the first round, on 5 February 2023, he secured 26.11% of the votes, finishing third, below Nikos Christodoulides (32.04%) and Andreas Mavroyiannis (29.59%). He stepped down from the party presidency shortly after the vote, and was succeeded by Annita Demetriou.

Democratic Rally
The Democratic Rally (Greek: Δημοκρατικός Συναγερμός, romanized: Dimokratikós Sinagermós, ΔΗΣΥ, DISY) is a Christian democratic and liberal-conservative political party in Cyprus led by Annita Demetriou. The party was founded on 4 July 1976 by veteran politician Glafcos Clerides. Two leaders of the party have served as presidents of Cyprus, Clerides from 1993 until 2003 and Nicos Anastasiades from 2013 to 2023.

From 11 March 2023, the leader of the party is Annita Demetriou, who also serves as the president of the House of Representatives since June 2021.
Gamma Geminorum
Gamma Geminorum (γ Geminorum, abbreviated Gamma Gem, γ Gem), formally named Alhena /ælˈhiːnə/, is the third-brightest object in the constellation of Gemini. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 1.9, making it easily visible to the naked eye even in urban regions. Based upon parallax measurements with the Hipparcos satellite, it is located at a distance of roughly 109 light-years (33 parsecs).

Xi Geminorum
Xi Geminorum (ξ Geminorum, abbreviated Xi Gem, ξ Gem), formally named Alzirr /ˈælzər/, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Gemini. It forms one of the four feet of the outline demarcating the Gemini twins. The star has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.35, which is bright enough for it to be seen with the naked eye. From stellar parallax measurements, its distance from the Sun can be estimated as 58.7 light-years (18.0 parsecs).
Kaivalya
Kaivalya (Sanskrit: कैवल्य) is the ultimate goal of aṣṭāṅga yoga and means "solitude", "detachment" or "isolation", a vrddhi-derivation from kevala "alone, isolated". It is the isolation of purusha from prakṛti, and liberation from rebirth, i.e., moksha. Kaivalya-mukti is described in some Upanishads, such as the Muktika and Kaivalya Upanishads, as the most superior form of moksha, which can grant liberation both within this life (as in jīvanmukti), and after death (as in videhamukti).

Muktikā
Muktikā (Sanskrit: मुक्तिका) refers to the Sanskrit-language anthology of a canon of 108 Upaniṣhads. The date of composition of each is unknown, with the oldest probably from about 800 BCE. The Principal Upanishads were composed in the 1st millennium BCE, most Yoga Upanishads composed probably from the 100 BCE to 300 CE period, and seven of the Sannyasa Upanishads composed before the 3rd century CE.

The canon is part of a dialogue between Rama and Hanuman dealing with the inquiry into mukti in the Muktikā Upanishad (108 in the list). The other collections of Upanishads include Oupanekhat, a Persian language anthology of 50 Upanishads; the Colebrooke Collection of 52 Upanishads, and the 52 Upanishad Collection of Nārāyana.
Pistulya
Pistulya is an Indian Marathi-language short film written and directed by Nagraj Manjule and jointly produced by Aatpat Production and New Arts DCS. The film won National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director and Best Child Artist Award in Non-feature Film category at the 58th National Film Awards. The film features Suraj Pawar in the title role, Vaishali Kendale, and Nagraj Manjule in pivotal roles. The film focuses on the story of a village boy, struggle to educate himself against the odds.

Nagraj Manjule created the film as part of his mass communication course at Pune University, aiming to capture the ethos of a marginalized community living as tramps and address social stigma while expressing a desire for reform. The film was shot over two days in Ahmednagar, with a production cost of ₹1.5 lakh funded by Manjule's friends and family.

The film was screened at Vaanam Art Festival on 8 April 2023.

Nagraj Manjule
Nagraj Popatrao Manjule (born 24 August 1978) is an Indian film director, actor, producer, scriptwriter, poet, screenwriter, and filmmaker. He works in Marathi cinema, and is best known for Sairat and Pistulya—the latter for which he received National Film Award in the National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director. He made his Hindi Cinema debut in 2022, with a film called Jhund, starring Amitabh Bachchan.

At the 61st National Film Awards, Fandry won the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director. In 2018, Manjule published a book of poetry in Marathi titled Unhachya Katavirudhha which won the Bhairuratan Damani Sahitya Puraskar. He owns a wrestling team called 'Veer Marathwada' in Zee Maharashtra Kusti Dangal.
Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024
The Czech Republic, presented as Czechia, was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Pedestal", written by Alena Shirmanova-Kostebelova and Steven Ansell, and performed by Shirmanova-Kostebelova herself under her stage name Aiko. The Czech participating broadcaster, Czech Television (ČT), organised the national final ESCZ 2024 in order to select its entry for the contest.

Czechia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May 2024. Performing during the show in position 5, "Pedestal" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Czechia placed eleventh out of the 16 participating countries in the semi-final with 38 points.

Aiko (Czech singer)
Alena Shirmanova-Kostebelova (Russian: Алёна Ширманова-Костебелова, pronounced [ɐˈlʲɵ.nə ʂɨrˈma.nə.və kə.stʲɪˈbʲe.lə.və]; born 26 December 1999), known by her stage name Aiko, is a Russian-Czech singer and songwriter based in Brighton, England. She represented the Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Pedestal".
Native Son (2019 film)
Native Son is a 2019 American drama film directed by Rashid Johnson from a screenplay by Suzan-Lori Parks. It is based on the novel of the same name by Richard Wright. The film stars Ashton Sanders, Margaret Qualley, Nick Robinson, KiKi Layne, Bill Camp and Sanaa Lathan.

Native Son had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2019, and was released in the United States on April 6, 2019, by HBO Films.

Native Son
Native Son (1940) is a novel written by the American author Richard Wright. It tells the story of 20-year-old Bigger Thomas, a black youth living in utter poverty in a poor area on Chicago's South Side in the 1930s. Thomas accidentally kills a white woman at a time when racism is at its peak and he pays the price for it.

While not apologizing for Bigger's crimes, Wright portrays a systemic causation behind them. Bigger's lawyer, Boris Max, makes the case that there is no escape from this destiny for his client or any other black American, since they are the necessary product of the society that formed them and told them since birth who exactly they were supposed to be.
Maurice Sagoff
Maurice Sagoff (1909 or 1910 – March 18, 1998) was an American poet best remembered for ShrinkLits, his bestselling collection of light verse.

Sagoff was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  After graduating from Boston College he worked for one decade as a research librarian at the Boston Public Library and for two decades at Fairchild Publications as a regional editor.  After his retirement in 1954 he wrote ShrinkLits: 70 of the World's Towering Classics Cut Down to Size, a collection of literary classics condensed into terse light poetry.  The book, published by Doubleday in 1970, became a New York Times bestseller.  He subsequently published his poetry in a number of publications, including The New York Times and Mademoiselle.  Though ShrinkLits was his only published book, shortly before his death in 1998 he had completed a new manuscript for a collection of clerihews.

Light poetry
Light poetry or light verse is poetry that attempts to be humorous.  Light poems are usually brief, can be on a frivolous or serious subject, and often feature word play including puns, adventurous rhyme, and heavy alliteration. Nonsense poetry is often considered light verse, as well as some poems that employ parody or satire. Typically, light verse in English is formal verse, although a few free verse poets have excelled at light verse outside the formal verse tradition.

While light poetry is sometimes condemned as doggerel or thought of as poetry composed casually, humor often makes a serious point in a subtle or subversive way. Many of the most renowned "serious" poets, such as Horace, Swift, Pope, and Auden, also excelled at light verse.
Jaffar Khan Leghari
Muhammad Jaffar Khan Leghari (Urdu: سردار محمد جعفر خان لغاری; 23 June 1945 – 31 December 2022) was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since August 2018 until his death in December 2022. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from October 2002 to 2007, from 2008 to 2013, and from June 2013 to May 2018.

Sardar Nasrullah Khan Dreshak
Sardar Nasrullah Khan Dreshak is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 till January 2023. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2002 to 2007 and a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, between 1977 and May 2018.
7.62×45mm
The 7.62×45mm (designated as the 7,62 × 45 by the C.I.P.) is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate rifle cartridge developed in Czechoslovakia. It is fired by the Czech Vz. 52 rifle, Vz. 52 light machine gun, and ZB-530 machine gun. The cartridge was later dropped from use when the Czech converted to the standard 7.62×39mm Warsaw Pact cartridge of the Soviet Union. Its muzzle velocity and muzzle energy are slightly higher than that of the 7.62×39mm cartridge, and is on par with the .30-30 Winchester cartridge, with equivalent projectiles.

Vz. 52 rifle
The vz. 52 rifle is a semi-automatic rifle developed shortly after the Second World War in Czechoslovakia. Its full name is 7,62mm samonabíjecí puška vzor 52. Vz. 52 is an abbreviation for vzor 52, meaning "model 52". It fires the unique 7.62×45mm cartridge. 52 rifles were made by Považské strojárne in Považská Bystrica, but due to production difficulties, its manufacture was taken over by Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod.
Shebekino
Shebekino (Russian: Шебе́кино) is a town in Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Nezhegol River, 30 kilometers (19 mi) southeast of Belgorod. Population: 39,680 (2021 census); 44,277 (2010 census); 45,119 (2002 census); 44,552 (1989 Soviet census). It is the administrative center, though not part of, Shebekinsky District.

In June 2023, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Shebekino was the site of ground raids by pro-Ukrainian militias, with residents describing it as "destroyed" after heavy shelling.

Nezhegol (river)
Nezhegol (Russian: Нежеголь) is a river in Belgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Seversky Donets. It is 75 kilometres (47 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 2,940 square kilometres (1,140 sq mi). The average discharge is 8.3 m³/sek (3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from its mouth).

Five kilometres (3 mi) before its mouth in the Seversky Donets lies the town of Shebekino.
Stephen Hopkins (pilgrim)
Steven Hopkins (fl. 1579 – d. 1644) was an English adventurer to the Virginia Colony and Plymouth Colony. Most notably, he was a passenger on the Mayflower in 1620, one of 41 signatories of the Mayflower Compact, and an assistant to the governor of Plymouth Colony through 1636. He worked as a tanner and merchant and was recruited by the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London to provide the governance for the colony and to assist with the colony's ventures. He was the only Mayflower passenger with prior New World experience, having been shipwrecked in Bermuda in 1609 en route to Jamestown, Virginia. Hopkins lived in Jamestown from 1610 to 1614, then returned to England. Hopkins settled in Plymouth Colony and died there in 1644.

Sea Venture
Sea Venture was a seventeenth-century English sailing ship, part of the Third Supply mission flotilla to the Jamestown Colony in 1609. She was the 300 ton flagship of the London Company. During the voyage to Virginia, Sea Venture encountered a tropical storm and was wrecked, with her crew and passengers landing on the uninhabited Bermuda. Sea Venture's wreck is widely thought to have been the inspiration for William Shakespeare's 1611 play The Tempest.
East Perrine, Florida
East Perrine was a census-designated place in Miami-Dade County, Florida at the time of the 2000 census. In the 1990 census it was part of Perrine census-designated place. It has since been incorporated into the Village of Palmetto Bay. The population was 7,079 at the 2000 census.

Palmetto Bay, Florida
Palmetto Bay is a suburban incorporated village in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Palmetto Bay includes two neighborhoods that were former census-designated places, Cutler and East Perrine. The village is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 24,439 as of the 2020 US census.
Soul on Top
Soul on Top is the 28th studio album by American musician James Brown. The album was released in April 1970, by King. Brown and saxophonist Maceo Parker worked with arranger/conductor Oliver Nelson to record a big band, funk and jazz vocal album. It was recorded with Louie Bellson and his 18-piece jazz orchestra at United Western Recorders in Hollywood, California in November 1969, and features jazz standards, show tunes, and middle of the road hits, as well as a new arrangement of Brown's funk hit "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag".

The album was reissued in 2004 with one previously unreleased bonus track, a big band version of Brown's 1967 hit "There Was a Time", and new liner notes by jazz critic Will Friedwald.

Louie Bellson
Louie Bellson (born Luigi Paolino Alfredo Francesco Antonio Balassoni, July 6, 1924 – February 14, 2009), often seen in sources as Louis Bellson, although he himself preferred the spelling Louie, was an American jazz drummer. He was a composer, arranger, bandleader, and jazz educator, and is credited with pioneering the use of two bass drums.

Bellson and his wife, actress and singer Pearl Bailey (married from 1952 until Bailey's death in 1990), had the second highest number of appearances at the White House (only Bob Hope had more).

Bellson was a vice president at Remo, a drum company. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1985.
Breathe (The Prodigy song)
"Breathe" is a song by English electronic dance music band the Prodigy, released in November 1996 by XL Recordings as the second single from their third album, The Fat of the Land (1997). It was written by band members Liam Howlett, Keith Flint and Maxim Reality, featuring a drum break from the song "Johnny the Fox Meets Jimmy the Weed" by Thin Lizzy. The whiplashing sword sound effect is a sample of "Da Mystery of Chessboxin'" by Wu-Tang Clan. As with "Firestarter", Jim Davies played the guitar in the song.

"Breathe" became the group's second consecutive number-one in the United Kingdom and also topped the charts in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden. Its music video was directed by Walter Stern, depicting the band in an abandoned, decrepit apartment building. Melody Maker ranked "Breathe" number 29 on their list of the best singles of 1996, and Q magazine featured it on their "1001 Best Songs Ever" in 2003.

Keith Flint
Keith Charles Flint (17 September 1969 – 4 March 2019) was an English singer, motorcyclist, dancer, and a vocalist of the electronic dance act the Prodigy. Starting out as a dancer for the group, he became the vocalist and performed on the group's two UK number-one singles, "Firestarter" and "Breathe", both released in 1996. He was also the singer of his own band, Flint.

Flint owned a motorcycle racing team, Team Traction Control, which won four Isle of Man TT races in 2015 and 2016, and competed in the British Superbike Championship.
Beryozovsky constituency
The Beryozovsky constituency (No.170) is a Russian legislative constituency in Sverdlovsk Oblast. The constituency covers north-eastern Yekaterinburg, its suburbs and satellite city Beryozovsky and stretches to central Sverdlovsk Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Sergey Chepikov, Member of Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast, 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion biathlete.

Sverdlovsk constituency
The Sverdlovsk constituency (No.168) is a Russian legislative constituency in Sverdlovsk Oblast. The constituency covers western Yekaterinburg and northern industrial satellite cities of Verkhnyaya Pyshma and Sredneuralsk.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Andrey Alshevskikh, Member of Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast and local activist.
Godet African Burial Ground
17°29′10.1″N 62°59′33.6″W﻿ / ﻿17.486139°N 62.992667°W﻿ / 17.486139; -62.992667

The Godet African Burial Ground is an unmarked historical burial ground for enslaved African men, women and children located at the southwest coast of Sint Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean. The burial ground was part of the former Godet plantation on the island.

Waterfort (Sint Eustatius)
The Waterfort, also called Fort Amsterdam, is a fortress on the southwest coast of Sint Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean, of which only ruins remain. It is one of the sixteen known fortresses on Sint Eustatius and is threatened by sea currents and surf.

The fort housed a two-storey slave house built by Commander Johannes Lindesay between 1724 and 1726 and served as such until around 1740. The slave house housed about 450 people. Women and children were housed on the second floor. In the 18th century, Sint Eustatius was the most profitable asset of the Dutch West India Company and a transit point for enslaved Africans in the transatlantic slave trade.

The fort guarded the entrance to the Oranjebaai of Sint Eustatius, where ships brought goods for the warehouses in the lower town.

Just north of the fort is the historic Godet African Burial Ground with the invisible graves of enslaved African men, women and children.