hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cambridge School (intellectual history)
In intellectual history and the history of political thought, the Cambridge School is a loose historiographical movement traditionally associated with the University of Cambridge, where many of those associated with the school held or continue to hold academic positions, including Quentin Skinner, J. G. A. Pocock, Peter Laslett, John Dunn, James Tully, David Runciman, and Raymond Geuss.

J. G. A. Pocock
John Greville Agard Pocock ONZM (/ˈpoʊkɒk/; 7 March 1924 – 12 December 2023) was a New Zealand historian of political thought. He was especially known for his studies of republicanism in the early modern period (mostly in Europe, Britain, and America), his work on the history of English common law, his treatment of Edward Gibbon and other Enlightenment historians, and, in historical method, for his contributions to the history of political discourse. After his death, Yuan Yi Zhu wrote that Pocock was "one of the greatest scholars of the last century" in European political thought.

Born in England, Pocock spent most of his early life in New Zealand. He moved to the United States in 1966. He taught at Washington University in St. Louis and from 1975 to 2011 at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. He was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
Plutonyl
The plutonyl ion is an oxycation of plutonium in the oxidation state +6, with the chemical formula PuO2+2. It is isostructural with the uranyl ion, compared to which it has a slightly shorter M–O bond. It is easily reduced to plutonium(III). The plutonyl ion forms many complexes, particularly with ligands that have oxygen donor atoms. Plutonyl salts are important in nuclear fuel reprocessing.

Uranyl
The uranyl ion is an oxycation of uranium having the formula UO2+2; it is the most common form of uranium(VI). Uranyl is linear with two short U–O bonds of 180 picometers.  Some important uranyl compounds are uranyl nitrate and several uranyl chlorides.
Spine of scapula
The spine of the scapula or scapular spine is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
Carol Thatcher
Carol Jane Thatcher (born 15 August 1953) is an English journalist, author and media personality. She is the daughter of Margaret Thatcher, the British prime minister from 1979 to 1990, and businessman Denis Thatcher.

She has written biographies of both her parents and also produced a documentary about her father which contained his only public interview. She won the fifth series of the reality show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!

Denis Thatcher
Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Baronet, MBE, TD, CStJ (10 May 1915 – 26 June 2003) was an English businessman and the husband of Margaret Thatcher, who served as the first female British prime minister from 1979 to 1990; thus, he became the first male prime ministerial spouse.

Thatcher was granted the Thatcher baronetcy in 1990, the only baronetcy created since 1964, and remains the most recent non-royal to have been awarded a hereditary title.
Dirichlet negative multinomial distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the Dirichlet negative multinomial distribution is a multivariate distribution on the non-negative integers. It is a multivariate extension of the beta negative binomial distribution. It is also a generalization of the negative multinomial distribution (NM(k, p)) allowing for heterogeneity or overdispersion to the probability vector. It is used in quantitative marketing research to flexibly model the number of household transactions across multiple brands.

If parameters of the Dirichlet distribution are , and if

where

then the marginal distribution of X is a Dirichlet negative multinomial distribution:

In the above,  is the negative multinomial distribution and  is the Dirichlet distribution.

Negative multinomial distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the negative multinomial distribution is a generalization of the negative binomial distribution (NB(x0, p)) to more than two outcomes.

As with the univariate negative binomial distribution, if the parameter  is a positive integer, the negative multinomial distribution has an urn model interpretation. Suppose we have an experiment that generates m+1≥2 possible outcomes, {X0,...,Xm}, each occurring with non-negative probabilities {p0,...,pm} respectively. If sampling proceeded until n observations were made, then {X0,...,Xm} would have been multinomially distributed. However, if the experiment is stopped once X0 reaches the predetermined value x0 (assuming x0 is a positive integer), then the distribution of the m-tuple {X1,...,Xm} is negative multinomial.  These variables are not multinomially distributed because their sum X1+...+Xm is not fixed, being a draw from a negative binomial distribution.
Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro
The Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro (Latin: Archidioecesis Cagayana) is a Latin Catholic archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines.

It is a metropolitan see on the island of Mindanao, which comprises the civil provinces of Misamis Oriental and Camiguin, as well as the municipality of Malitbog, Bukidnon.

Its seat is located at the Saint Augustine Metropolitan Cathedral in Cagayan de Oro, located beside the Cagayan River.

Saint Augustine Metropolitan Cathedral
Saint Augustine Metropolitan Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. The cathedral, dedicated to Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, is the ecclesiastical seat of the Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro.
The Adriatic Review
The Adriatic Review was a monthly periodical published in Boston by Vatra from September 1918 until October 1919.
In September 1918, Fan Noli founded the English-language monthly Adriatic Review which was financed by the Pan-Albanian federation to spread information about Albania and its cause.

Noli edited the journal for the first six months, and was succeeded in 1919 by Kostë Çekrezi.

Vatra, the Pan-Albanian Federation of America
Vatra (English: The Hearth) is an association of Albanian Americans, created in 1912, that has historically protected the rights of the Albanians in the United States, as well as has endeavored in lobbying with the United States Congress about the rights of the Albanians throughout the world.
Sarbat Khalsa
Sarbat Khalsa (lit. meaning all the Khalsa; Punjabi: ਸਰਬੱਤ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ (Gurmukhi) pronunciation: [sǝɾbǝt̪t̪ kʰäːlsäː]), was a biannual deliberative assembly (on the same lines as a Parliament in a Direct democracy) of the Sikhs held at Amritsar in Punjab during the 18th century. It literally translates to the "entire Sikh Nation" but as a political institution it refers to the meetings of the Dal Khalsa and the legislature of the Sikh Confederacy.

Sikh Confederacy
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal) which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
Harrison Ruffin Tyler
Harrison Ruffin Tyler (November 9, 1928 – May 25, 2025) was an American preservationist and archivist. Tyler was the last surviving grandchild of the tenth U.S. president, John Tyler (1790–1862). The period from the president's birth to his last grandchild's death spanned 235 years. Harrison Tyler was prominent in preserving Sherwood Forest Plantation, the Tyler ancestral home, and nearby Fort Pocahontas. He donated voluminous historic family materials and funds to the history department at the College of William & Mary, which bears his name. Tyler was also a chemical engineer and businessman who co-founded ChemTreat, Inc., a water treatment company.

Sherwood Forest Plantation
Sherwood Forest Plantation is located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia. The main plantation house, built in 1730, was the home of the tenth president of the United States, John Tyler (1790–1862) for the last twenty years of his life. It is located on State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg. The house is located approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the river. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961.
Vigo
Vigo (Galician: [ˈbiɣʊ], locally [ˈbiħʊ]) is a city and municipality in Spain, in the autonomous community of Galicia in the province of Pontevedra, and the capital of the comarca of Vigo. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the Ria de Vigo, the southernmost of the Rías Baixas.

The municipality, with an area of 109.06 km2 (42.11 sq mi) and a population of 295,523 in 2024 including rural parishes, is the most populous municipality in Galicia, and the 14th-most-populous in Spain. The area of the municipality includes the Cíes Islands, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park.

Vigo is one of the region's primary economic agents, owing to the French Stellantis Vigo plant and to its port. Close to the Portugal–Spain border, Vigo is part of the Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion. The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo.

Stellantis Vigo Plant
The Stellantis Vigo plant (Centro de Vigo de Stellantis) is a Spanish car manufacturing and assembly plant in Vigo, Galicia, Spain, owned by Stellantis (formerly Groupe PSA).

The plant was established by Citroën in April 1958 due to the high tariff barriers that protected Spain's domestic auto-makers.
Chüy Region
Chüy is the northernmost region of Kyrgyzstan, surrounding the national capital Bishkek. It is bounded on the north by Kazakhstan, and clockwise, Issyk-Kul Region, Naryn Region, Jalal-Abad Region, and Talas Region. Its administrative center is Bishkek. Its total area is 19,895 km2 (7,682 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 974,984 as of January 2021. The region has sizeable Russian (20.8% in 2009) and Dungan (6.2% in 2009) minorities. It takes its name from the river Chüy that flows through the region.

Chu (river)
The Chu is a river in northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan. Of its total length of 1,067 kilometres (663 mi), the first 115 kilometres are in Kyrgyzstan, then for 221 kilometres the river serves as the border between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan and the last 731 kilometres are in Kazakhstan. It is one of the longest rivers in Kyrgyzstan and in Kazakhstan. It has a drainage basin of 62,500 square kilometres (24,100 sq mi).

The Chüy Region, the northernmost and most populous administrative region of Kyrgyzstan, is named after the river; so are Chüy Avenue, the main street of the Kyrgyz capital of Bishkek and the city of Shu in Kazakhstan's Jambyl Region.
Cherub (song)
"Cherub" is a song by Australian indie rock band Ball Park Music, released on 27 August 2020 as the third and final single from their eponymous sixth studio album Ball Park Music (2020).

"Cherub" peaked at number 52 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum in Australia in 2023 for selling 70,000 units. "Cherub" was considered a favourite to top Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2020, ultimately polling at number four.

Ball Park Music (album)
Ball Park Music is the sixth studio album by Australian indie rock band Ball Park Music. It was written and recorded in Brisbane throughout the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, and released on 23 October 2020. The album was preceded by three singles – "Spark Up!", "Day & Age" and notably "Cherub", which polled at number four in the Triple J Hottest 100 of 2020.

The record achieved commercial success, debuting at number 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It was nominated for Australian Album of the Year at the 2020 J Awards and Album of the Year at the 2021 Queensland Music Awards, winning the latter. It was further nominated for Best Independent Release and Best Rock Album at the 2021 ARIA Awards.
U.S. Route 183
U.S. Route 183 (US 183) is a north–south United States highway. The highway's northern terminus is in Presho, South Dakota, at an intersection with Interstate 90. Its southern terminus is in Refugio, Texas, at the southern intersection of U.S. Highway 77 and Alternate US 77 (US 183 and Alt US 77 run concurrently for their final 80 miles (130 km) between Cuero and Refugio).

US 183 was the last U.S. Route to be completely paved. The 20-mile (32 km) segment in Loup County, Nebraska, north of Taylor, was unpaved until 1967.

U.S. Route 54
U.S. Route 54 (US 54) is an east–west United States Highway that runs northeast–southwest for 1,197 miles (1,926 km) from El Paso, Texas, to Griggsville, Illinois. The Union Pacific Railroad's Tucumcari Line (former Southern Pacific and Rock Island Lines "Golden State Route") runs parallel to US 54 from El Paso to Pratt, Kansas, which comprises about two-thirds of the route.

The highway's western terminus is in the city of El Paso, near the Mexican border and the eastern terminus is at Interstate 72 (I-72) in Griggsville. The highway is signed North-South in Texas and New Mexico reflecting its directional orientation and East-West the remainder of its course.
WNTJ
WNTJ (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Johnstown, Pennsylvania, United States. The station, established in 1946, is currently owned by Seven Mountains Media, through licensee Southern Belle Media Family, LLC.

Until May 1, 2023, WNTJ broadcast a news/talk radio format including Pittsburgh Pirates baseball, Pittsburgh Penguins hockey, Pittsburgh Steelers football and select Fox News Radio programming.

The station was assigned the WNTJ call sign by the Federal Communications Commission on May 8, 2008. Prior to 2008, this station was home to ESPN Radio affiliate WPRR, and before that, was the first home for WNTJ.

WOWQ (FM)
WOWQ (101.7 MHz) is an American FM radio station physically located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, but licensed to the community of Central City, Pennsylvania. The classic hits formatted station currently is a simulcast of WOWY 103.1 FM State College. The station is owned by Seven Mountains Media, LLC.
Hamburg Hauptbahnhof
Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (abbrev. Hamburg Hbf), or Hamburg Central Railway Station in English, is the main railway station of the city of Hamburg, Germany. Opened in 1906 to replace four separate terminal stations, today Hamburg Hauptbahnhof is operated by DB Station&Service AG. With an average of 550,000 passengers a day, it is Germany's busiest railway station and the second-busiest in Europe after the Gare du Nord in Paris. It is classed by Deutsche Bahn as a category 1 railway station.

The station is a through station with island platforms and is one of Germany's major transportation hubs, connecting long-distance Intercity Express routes to the city's U-Bahn and S-Bahn rapid transit networks. It is centrally located in Hamburg in the Hamburg-Mitte borough. The Wandelhalle shopping centre occupies the north side of the station building.

Hamburg-Mitte
Hamburg-Mitte (German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊʁk ˈmɪtə], "Hamburg Central") is one of the seven boroughs of Hamburg, Germany, covering most of the city's urban center. The quarters of Hamburg-Altstadt and Neustadt cover much of the city's historic core. In 2020 the population was 301,231.
DJ Smash
Andrey Leonidovich Shirman (Russian: Андрей Леонидович Ширман; born 23 May 1982), better known by his stage name DJ Smash, is a Russian DJ in house music and electronic music, and also a music producer. As of 2022, he is one of the most popular musical stars in Russia.  DJ Smash was awarded Best New Act in 2008 at the MTV Russia Music Awards.

MTV Russia Music Awards
The MTV Russia Music Awards made its debut in 2004 and have celebrated local Russian talent as well as International. The MTV Russia Music Awards (RMA) features local and international acts and music celebrities being honoured by Russian viewers.
Ode to Ochrasy
Ode to Ochrasy is the third studio album by Mando Diao. The first single to be from the album was "Long Before Rock 'n' Roll"; the second was "Good Morning, Herr Horst". "The Wildfire (If It Was True)" appears in the video game NHL 08.

Mando Diao
Mando Diao is an alternative rock band from Borlänge, Sweden. The band got their breakthrough with the release of the album Hurricane Bar. Their main fan base is in Sweden, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Japan. Band members are Björn Dixgård (vocals, guitar), Carl-Johan Fogelklou (bass), Daniel Haglund (keyboard) and Patrik Heikinpieti (drums).
Alfred Pleasonton
Alfred Pleasonton (June 7, 1824 – February 17, 1897) was a United States Army officer and major general of volunteers in the Union cavalry during the American Civil War. He commanded the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac during the Gettysburg campaign, including the largest predominantly cavalry battle of the war, Brandy Station. In 1864, he was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi theater, where he defeated Confederate General Sterling Price in two key battles, including the Battle of Mine Creek, the second largest cavalry battle of the war, effectively ending the war in Missouri. He was the son of Stephen Pleasonton and the younger brother of Augustus Pleasonton.

Battle of Brandy Station
The Battle of Brandy Station, also called the Battle of Fleetwood Hill, was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the American Civil War, as well as the largest ever to take place on American soil. It was fought on June 9, 1863, around Brandy Station, Virginia, at the beginning of the Gettysburg campaign by the Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton against Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry.

Union commander Pleasonton launched a surprise dawn attack on Stuart's cavalry at Brandy Station. After an all-day fight in which fortunes changed repeatedly, the Federals retired without discovering Gen. Robert E. Lee's infantry camped near Culpeper. This battle marked the end of the Confederate cavalry's dominance in the East. From this point in the war, the Federal cavalry gained strength and confidence.
Ion Cebanu
Ion Cebanu (born 1 January 1984) is a Moldovan politician. He was Minister of Youth and Sports between 25 September 2009 and 26 February 2013 in the First Vlad Filat Cabinet and in the Second Filat Cabinet as well, President of the Liberal Party Territorial Organization, Centru branch of Chisinau, member of the Central Permanent Bureau of the Liberal Party, president of the Public Association "Optimus".

Between 27 February and 16 May 2013 he was General Manager of the Agency for Forestry "Moldsilva".

From 4 September 2013 Ion Cebanu is Chief of the Chișinău Mine.

First Filat Cabinet
The First Filat Cabinet was the Cabinet of Moldova between September 25, 2009, and January 14, 2011. It was a caretaker cabinet from the election of November 28, 2010, until it was succeeded by the Second Filat Cabinet on January 14, 2011.
Matthew Cable
Matthew Joseph Cable is a character appearing in DC Comics' Swamp Thing series. Introduced in Swamp Thing (Volume 1) in November 1972, he was created by writer Len Wein and artist Bernie Wrightson. Years later, the character dies in The Dreaming and is later resurrected as Dream's raven in Neil Gaiman's rendition of The Sandman.

Henderson Wade played Matthew Cable in the television series based on the comic book series of the same name for the DC streaming service. In The Sandman, Matthew's raven form is voiced by Patton Oswalt.

Swamp Thing (2019 TV series)
Swamp Thing is an American superhero horror television series created by Gary Dauberman and Mark Verheiden for DC Universe, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. The series follows medical doctor Abby Arcane (Crystal Reed) encountering the eponymous Swamp Thing (Derek Mears), a plant-elemental creature who fights malevolent forces around a Louisiana swamp.

The series premiered on May 31, 2019, and consisted of 10 episodes. Shortly after its premiere, DC Universe announced that Swamp Thing had been canceled. The remaining episodes were released on DC Universe until the series' conclusion on August 2, 2019. The series received positive reviews from critics, particularly for the series' horror elements and practical monster effects.
Massachusetts State Highway System
The Massachusetts State Highway System in the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a system of state-numbered routes assigned and marked by the highway division of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). U.S. Highways and Interstate Highways are included in the system; the only overlaps are with the end-to-end U.S. Route 3 and Route 3 and the far-apart Interstate 295, shared with Rhode Island, and Route 295, shared with New York State. A state highway in Massachusetts is a road maintained by the state, which may or may not have a number.  Not all numbered routes are maintained or owned by the state.

Massachusetts Department of Transportation
The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) oversees roads, public transit, aeronautics, and transportation licensing and registration in the US state of Massachusetts.  It was created on November 1, 2009, by the 186th Session of the Massachusetts General Court upon enactment of the 2009 Transportation Reform Act.
16th Special Operations Squadron
The 16th Special Operations Squadron is part of the 27th Special Operations Wing at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico. It operates the AC-130J Ghostrider aircraft in support of special operations.

First formed in 1942, the 16th primarily flew cargo transport missions from India into Burma and China, and was deactivated following the Allied victory in World War II in 1945. It was then reformed in 1968, when it took up its current role and missions under the 1st Special Operations Wing. The 16th remained with the 1st Special Operations Wing throughout its service in Vietnam, and was later reassigned to the 27th Special Operations Group in 1992.

The 16th has been awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, the highest award a U.S. Armed Forces unit can receive for valor in combat, twice in its history, along a Gallant Unit Citation and the Republic of Vietnam's Gallantry Cross.

27th Special Operations Group
The 27th Special Operations Group is the flying component of the 27th Special Operations Wing, assigned to the Air Force Special Operations Command. The group is stationed at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico.

During the Second World War, its predecessor unit, the 27th Bombardment Group fought in the Southwest Pacific Theater and Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres. Its ground personnel fought as infantry in the 1941–1942 Battle of Bataan with the survivors being forced to march as prisoners in the Bataan Death March. Later, its air echelon was awarded five Distinguished Unit Citations and a Philippine Presidential Unit Citation. The airmen of the 27th were among the most decorated USAAF units of the war.