hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spencer Coggs
George Spencer Coggs (born August 6, 1949) is an American public administrator and Democratic politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  He is the current Milwaukee city treasurer, since April 2012, and previously served 10 years in the Wisconsin Senate and 20 years in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Milwaukee's west side.  His uncle, Isaac N. Coggs, and cousin, Elizabeth M. Coggs, also served in the Assembly.

Elizabeth M. Coggs
Elizabeth Monette "Beth" Coggs (born December 4, 1956) is an American community organizer and Democratic politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  She served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 10th Assembly district from 2011 to 2013.  She previously served 12 years on the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors, from 1988 to 2010.  Both of her parents, Isaac N. Coggs and Marcia P. Coggs, also served in the State Assembly.  Her cousin, Spencer Coggs, also served in the Assembly and the Wisconsin Senate.

She was previously known as Elizabeth Coggs-Jones during her marriage to Wendell Jones.
Greensand Ridge
The Greensand Ridge, also known as the Wealden Greensand, is an extensive, prominent, often wooded, mixed greensand/sandstone escarpment in south-east England. Forming part of the Weald, a former dense forest in Sussex, Surrey and Kent, it runs to and from the East Sussex coast, wrapping around the High Weald and Low Weald. It reaches its highest elevation, 294 metres (965 ft), at Leith Hill in Surrey—the second highest point in south-east England, while another hill in its range, Blackdown, is the highest point in Sussex at 280 metres (919 ft). The eastern end of the ridge forms the northern boundary of Romney Marsh.

About 51 per cent of the Wealden Greensand is protected as the South Downs National Park, Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Weald
The Weald (/ˈwiːld/) is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It crosses the counties of Hampshire, Surrey, West Sussex, East Sussex, and Kent. It has three parts, the sandstone "High Weald" in the centre, the clay "Low Weald" periphery and the Greensand Ridge, which stretches around the north and west of the Weald and includes its highest points. The Weald once was covered with forest and its name, Old English in origin, signifies "woodland". The term is still used, as scattered farms and villages sometimes refer to the Weald in their names.
Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah
Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (Arabic: جيش الطائفة المنصورة, romanized: Army of the Victorious Sect) was an Iraqi Salafi-jihadist insurgent group that fought against US troops and their local allies during the Iraq War. In 2006 the group aligned itself with al-Qaeda and helped establish the Mujahideen Shura Council.

Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)
The Mujahideen Shura Council in Iraq (Arabic: مجلس شورى المجاهدين في العراق, romanized: Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen fi al-Iraq, abbr. MSC), was an umbrella organization of at least six Sunni Islamist insurgent groups taking part in the Iraqi insurgency against  U.S.-led Coalition and Iraqi forces. The groups included in the MSC were: Al-Qaeda in Iraq, Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (Army of the Victorious Sect), Katbiyan Ansar Al-Tawhid wal Sunnah, Saraya al-Jihad Group, al-Ghuraba Brigades, and al-Ahwal Brigades. In mid-October 2006, a statement was released, stating that the Mujahideen Shura Council had been disbanded, and was replaced by the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI).
Baurusuchus
Baurusuchus is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian, which lived in Brazil from 90 to 83.5 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period. It was a terrestrial predator, estimated to reach up to 113.4 kilograms (250 lb) in weight. Baurusuchus lived during the Turonian to Santonian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period, in Adamantina Formation, Brazil. It gets its name from the Brazilian Bauru Group ("Bauru crocodile"). It was related to the earlier-named Cynodontosuchus rothi, which was smaller, with weaker dentition. The three species are B. pachecoi, named after Eng Joviano Pacheco, its discoverer, B. salgadoensis (named after General Salgado County in São Paulo, Brazil) and B. albertoi (named after Alberto Barbosa de Carvalho, Brazilian paleontologist). The latter species is disputed (see phylogeny section). Its relatives include the similarly sized Stratiotosuchus from the Adamantina Formation, and Pabweshi, from the Pakistani Pab Formation.

Baurusuchidae
Baurusuchidae is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of terrestrial hypercarnivorous crocodilians from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Asia (Pakistan). Baurusuchidae has been, in accordance with the PhyloCode, officially defined as the least inclusive clade containing Cynodontosuchus rothi, Pissarrachampsa sera, and Baurusuchus pachecoi. Baurusuchids have been placed in the suborder Baurusuchia, and two subfamilies have been proposed: Baurusuchinae and Pissarrachampsinae.
Supply Belcher
Supply Belcher (March 29, 1751 – June 9, 1836) was an American composer, singer, and compiler of tune books. He was one of the so-called Yankee tunesmiths or First New England School, a group of mostly self-taught composers who created sacred vocal music for local choirs. He was active first in Lexington, Massachusetts, then eventually moved to Farmington, Maine. Like most of his colleagues, Belcher could not make music his main occupation, and worked as tax assessor, schoolmaster, town clerk, and so on; nevertheless he was considerably well known for his musical activities, and even dubbed 'the Handell [sic] of Maine' by a local newspaper. Most of his works survive in The Harmony of Maine, a collection Belcher published himself in Boston in 1794.

Yankee tunesmiths
Yankee tunesmiths (also called the First New England School) were self-taught composers active in New England from 1770 until about 1810. Their music was largely forgotten when the Better Music Movement turned musical tastes towards Europe, as in Thomas Hastings's 1822 Dissertation on Musical Taste and other works. The principal tunesmiths were  William Billings, Supply Belcher, Daniel Read, Oliver Holden, Justin Morgan, Lewis Edson, Andrew Law, Timothy Swan, Jacob Kimball Jr., and Jeremiah Ingalls. They composed primarily psalm tunes and fuging tunes (which differ enough from European fugues to warrant the spelling "fuge"), many of which have entered into the Sacred Harp singing tradition.
Execution of Mohammad Mehdi Karami
Mohammad Mehdi Karami (Persian: محمدمهدی کرمی; c. 1 November 2001 – 7 January 2023) was a 21-year-old Iranian-Kurdish man who was executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran for his involvement in the Mahsa Amini protests. He was convicted of Fisad-e-filarz (an Arabic term translating to "corruption on Earth") for allegedly being involved in the killing of a Basij militiaman during protests in Karaj commemorating the 40-day anniversary of Hadis Najafi's death. Karami was executed alongside 39-year-old volunteer children's coach Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini, another man who was also convicted of Fisad-e-filarz for his alleged involvement in the same killing. Both Karami and Hosseini asserted their innocence, and human rights organizations have accused Iranian authorities of using "shoddy evidence" to convict them.

Execution of Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini
Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini (Persian: سید محمد حسینی; 21 February 1983 – 7 January 2023) was a 39-year-old Iranian man who was executed by Iran's Islamic Republic for his participation in the Mahsa Amini protests. He was also known as Kian Hosseini. He was found guilty of Fisad-e-filarz (an Arabic term translating to "corruption on Earth") for his alleged involvement in the murder of a Basij militiaman during demonstrations in Karaj during the 40th-day memorial of Hadis Najafi. Hosseini was hanged with Mohammad Mehdi Karami, a 21-year-old sportsman who was also convicted of Fisad-e-filarz for his alleged role in the same killing. Hosseini maintained his innocence throughout his detention and trial.
WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw
WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw (also known as Exciting Pro Wrestling 6 in Japan) is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ for the PlayStation 2 in North America on November 2, 2004, Europe on November 12, 2004, and Japan on February 3, 2005. It is the sixth installment of professional wrestling promotion World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)'s video game series, the sequel to 2003's WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain, and the first game to be released under the SmackDown! vs. Raw title. The game series was rebranded after the introduction of the brand extension which divided WWE's roster into two brands, the latter brand in the game's title being named after WWE's weekly Monday Night Raw program.

WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw was succeeded in 2005 by WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw 2006.

WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain
WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain  (known as Exciting Pro Wrestling 5 in Japan) is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ for PlayStation 2 in North America on October 27, 2003, Europe on November 7, 2003, and Japan on January 29, 2004. It is the sequel to WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth and the fifth and final game in the WWE SmackDown! series based on World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

Here Comes the Pain received positive reviews.  The game would be succeeded by WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw in 2004.
Thổ Châu Island
Thổ Châu Island (Vietnamese: Đảo Thổ Châu) is the largest island of Thổ Châu Islands in the Gulf of Thailand. It constitutes Thổ Châu special zone (Vietnamese: Đặc khu Thổ Châu) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

Thổ Châu islands
Thổ Châu Islands (Vietnamese: Quần đảo Thổ Châu) is an archipelago in the Gulf of Thailand. It constitutes fully as Thổ Châu Special Zone of An Giang Province (Vietnamese: Đặc khu Thổ Châu trực thuộc tỉnh An Giang) belonging to new An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.
69th (2nd East Anglian) Division
The 2nd East Anglian Division was a 2nd Line Territorial Force division of the British Army in World War I.  The division was formed as a duplicate of the 54th (East Anglian) Division in November 1914. As the name suggests, the division recruited in East Anglia, particularly Essex, Norfolk, and Suffolk, but also Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, and Northamptonshire.  In August 1915, in common with all Territorial Force divisions, it was numbered as 69th (2nd East Anglian) Division.  By January 1918 it had been extensively reorganized and lost its territorial identity; henceforth it was known as 69th Division.

It served on home defence duties throughout the war, whilst recruiting, training and supplying drafts to overseas units and formations.  Initially, it was stationed in East Anglia, but from June 1916 it was in Northern Command.  It never left England and was eventually disbanded in March 1919.

54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division
The 54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army.  The division was raised in 1908 following the creation of the Territorial Force (TF) as the East Anglian Division. During the First World War the division fought at Gallipoli and in the Middle East. The division was disbanded after the war but reformed in the Territorial Army in 1920. During the Second World War it was a home service division and did not see any combat service abroad and was disbanded in late 1943 but many of its component units went to see service in the Normandy Campaign and North-western Europe from June 1944 to May 1945.
Voidable
Voidable, in law, is a transaction or action that is valid but may be annulled by one of the parties to the transaction. Voidable is usually used in distinction to void ab initio (or void from the outset) and unenforceable.

Void (law)
In law, void means of no legal effect.  An action, document, or transaction which is void is of no legal effect whatsoever: an absolute nullity—the law treats it as if it had never existed or happened. The term void ab initio, which means "to be treated as invalid from the outset", comes from adding the Latin phrase ab initio (from the beginning) as a qualifier.  For example, in many jurisdictions where a person signs a contract under duress, that contract is treated as being void ab initio. The frequent combination "null and void" is a legal doublet.

The term is frequently used in contradistinction to the term "voidable" and "unenforceable".
Monolith Productions
Monolith Productions, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Kirkland, Washington. The company was a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Games from August 2004 until its shutdown in 2025. It formerly published third-party games in the 1990s. In February 2025, it was reported that Warner Bros. Games had decided to close the studio.

Warner Bros. Games
Warner Bros. Games (formerly Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment) is an American video game publisher based in Burbank, California. The publisher was founded as a division of Warner Bros. on January 14, 2004, as well as the WB Games brand. Warner Bros. Games manages the wholly owned game development studios TT Games, Rocksteady Studios, NetherRealm Studios, WB Games Boston, Avalanche Software and WB Games Montréal among others.
Ankh (video game)
Ankh is a graphic adventure game by German developer Deck13 and published by bhv Software in 2005. It has a 3D environment with cinematic camera movement and incorporates humor. Ankh is a remake of Ankh: The Tales of Mystery, a 1998 adventure game developed by Artex Software for the Acorn Archimedes.

Ankh spawned two sequels: Ankh: Heart of Osiris and Ankh: Battle of the Gods. In 2006, the original Ankh was ported to Linux and OS X. A Special Edition of the game was released in the UK in February 2007. A Nintendo DS port was released in 2008 under the title Ankh: Curse of the Scarab King (German: Ankh: Der Fluch des Skarabäenkönigs).

Ankh: Heart of Osiris
Ankh: Heart of Osiris (German: Ankh: Herz des Osiris) is the second game in the Ankh series of video games. The game was released in Germany on October 30, 2006, in France on November 17, and in the United Kingdom on May 18, 2007. The development team originally considered to make the game as an expansion pack to Ankh, but was later developed as a pseudo-sequel to the first game.
Locally connected space
In topology and other branches of mathematics, a topological space X is
locally connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open connected sets.

As a stronger notion, the space X is locally path connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting of open path connected sets.

Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.
Joshua Harold Burn
Joshua Harold Burn FRS (6 March 1892 – 13 July 1981) was an English pharmacologist and professor of pharmacology, leading the Department of Pharmacology.

The Nobel Laureate John Vane claimed "If anyone can be said to have moulded the subject of pharmacology around the world, it is he".

John Vane
Sir John Robert Vane FRS (29 March 1927 – 19 November 2004) was a British pharmacologist who was instrumental in the understanding of how aspirin produces pain-relief and anti-inflammatory effects and his work led to new treatments for heart and blood vessel disease and introduction of ACE inhibitors. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982 along with Sune Bergström and Bengt Samuelsson for "their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances".
Valley of the Giants (film)
Valley of the Giants is a 1938 American Technicolor adventure film/lumberjack Western directed by William Keighley, written by Seton I. Miller and Michael Fessier, and starring Wayne Morris, Claire Trevor, Frank McHugh, Alan Hale Sr., Donald Crisp, and Charles Bickford. It is based on the novel The Valley of the Giants by Peter B. Kyne, which had previously been filmed as a silent in 1927. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on September 17, 1938.

The Valley of the Giants (1927 film)
The Valley of the Giants is a 1927 silent film adventure directed by Charles Brabin and starring Milton Sills and Doris Kenyon who were real-life man and wife. It was based on a novel by Peter B. Kyne.  First National produced and distributed the film having gained the screen rights to the story from Famous Players–Lasky and Paramount. Paramount had made a version of the novel in 1919 with Wallace Reid, and it would again be filmed in 1938 and readapted into the 1952 film The Big Trees. A copy of this film survives at the UCLA Film and Television Archive. It is also listed as existing in an incomplete print at the Library of Congress. A 16mm copy is housed at the Wisconsin Center for Film & Theater Research.
National League Championship Series
The National League Championship Series (NLCS) is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two League Championship Series comprising the penultimate round of Major League Baseball's (MLB) postseason. It is contested by the winners of the two National League (NL) Division Series. The winner of the NLCS wins the NL pennant and advances to the World Series, MLB's championship series, to play the winner of the American League's (AL) Championship Series. The NLCS began in 1969 as a best-of-five playoff and used this format until 1985, when it changed to a best-of-seven format.

American League Championship Series
The American League Championship Series (ALCS) is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two League Championship Series comprising the penultimate round of Major League Baseball's (MLB) postseason. The winner of the ALCS wins the AL pennant and advances to the World Series, MLB's championship series, to play the winner of the National League's (NL) Championship Series. The ALCS began in 1969 as a best-of-five playoff and used this format until 1985, when it changed to its current best-of-seven format.
Train track map
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, a train track map is a continuous map f from a finite connected graph to itself which is a homotopy equivalence and which has particularly nice cancellation properties with respect to iterations. This map sends vertices to vertices and edges to nontrivial edge-paths with the property that for every edge e of the graph and for every positive integer n the path fn(e) is immersed, that is fn(e) is locally injective on e. Train-track maps are a key tool in  analyzing the dynamics of automorphisms of finitely generated free groups and in the study of the Culler–Vogtmann Outer space.

Outer space (mathematics)
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, the Culler–Vogtmann Outer space or just Outer space of a free group Fn is a topological space consisting of the so-called "marked metric graph structures" of volume 1 on Fn. The Outer space, denoted Xn or CVn, comes equipped with a natural action of the group of outer automorphisms Out(Fn) of Fn. The Outer space was introduced in a 1986 paper of Marc Culler and Karen Vogtmann, and it serves as a free group analog of the Teichmüller space of a hyperbolic surface. Outer space is used to study homology and cohomology groups of Out(Fn) and to obtain information about algebraic, geometric and dynamical properties of Out(Fn), of its subgroups and individual outer automorphisms of Fn. The space Xn can also be thought of as the set of Fn-equivariant isometry types of minimal free discrete isometric actions of Fn on R-trees T such that the quotient metric graph T/Fn has volume 1.
Henry County, Ohio
Henry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,662. Its county seat is Napoleon. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1834. It is named for American Founding Father Patrick Henry, the Virginian famous for his "give me liberty or give me death!" speech.

Napoleon, Ohio
Napoleon is a city in and the county seat of Henry County, Ohio, United States, along the Maumee River 44 miles (71 km) southwest of Toledo. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 8,862.
Sin (video game)
Sin (stylized as SiN) is a first-person shooter video game developed by Ritual Entertainment and published by Activision in 1998. It uses a modified version of the Quake II engine. Sin is set in the dystopian future of 2037, where John Blade, a commander in a security force named HardCorps in the megacity of Freeport, is tasked to rid the city of a recreational drug that may be tied to the rival biotechnology megacorporation, SinTek.

Sin was released to generally positive reviews, with praise going towards its level design and premise, but criticism for technical issues that resulted from a rushed release. It sold poorly as a result of competition with Half-Life.

Nightdive Studios acquired the rights to Sin in 2020, and in March 2020 republished the game, along with the Wages of Sin expansion pack, as Sin: Gold. In September 2020, the studio announced plans to release a remastered version, titled Sin: Reloaded, originally for a 2021 release but currently delayed to an unknown time.

SiN: Wages of Sin
SIN: Wages of Sin is an expansion pack for Ritual Entertainment's first-person shooter game SiN. It was developed by 2015 Games Inc. as their first retail product and published by Activision in February 1999. Taking place after the events depicted in SiN, players once again assume the role of HARDCORPS officer John R. Blade as he attempts to stop Mafia boss Gianni Manero from taking control of the remnants of SinTEK following the disappearance of its villainous CEO, Elexis Sinclaire.

After Nightdive Studios acquired the rights to the SiN franchise in 2020, SiN and Wages of Sin were republished together as SiN: Gold on Steam and GOG.com.
Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch
Anna Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch (11 February 1651 – 6 February 1732) was a wealthy Scottish peeress. After her father died when she was a few months old, and her sisters by the time she was 10, she inherited the family's titles. She was married to James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, and the couple had six children, only two of whom survived past infancy.

Her husband was executed after the failure of the Monmouth Rebellion, and she went on to marry again.

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
General James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was an English Army officer and courtier. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England with his mistress Lucy Walter.

The Duke of Monmouth served in the Second Anglo-Dutch War and commanded English troops taking part in the Third Anglo-Dutch War before commanding the Anglo-Dutch brigade fighting in the Franco-Dutch War. He led the unsuccessful Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, an attempt to depose his uncle King James II and VII. After one of his officers declared Monmouth the legitimate king in the town of Taunton in Somerset, Monmouth attempted to capitalise on his Protestantism and his position as the son of Charles II, in opposition to James, who had become a Roman Catholic. The rebellion failed, and Monmouth was beheaded for treason on 15 July 1685.