hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leinefelde–Treysa railway
The Leinefelde–Treysa line is a former railway line in the German states of Thuringia and Hesse, connecting the towns of Leinefelde, Eschwege, Spangenberg, Malsfeld, Homberg (Efze) and Treysa with one another. It was mostly opened in sections between 1875 and 1880 as part of the Cannons Railway (German: Kanonenbahn), a military strategic railway.

Kanonenbahn
The Kanonenbahn (literally "Cannons Railway") is a former German military strategic railway between Berlin and Metz via Güsten, Wetzlar, Koblenz and Trier. Metz is in Alsace-Lorraine, which was annexed by Germany after the Franco-Prussian War.

Other railways, such as the Glan Valley Railway (Glantalbahn), built mainly for military strategic reasons, were also colloquially known as the Kanonenbahn, but the link between Berlin and Metz is the best known of them.
Saint Martin's School of Art
Saint Martin's School of Art was an art college in London, England. It offered foundation and degree level courses. It was established in 1854, initially under the aegis of the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields. Saint Martin's became part of the London Institute in 1986, and in 1989 merged with the Central School of Art and Design to form Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.

Central Saint Martins
Central Saint Martins is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art university in London, England. The college offers full-time courses at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and a variety of short and summer courses.

It was formerly known as Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, and before that as Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.
KiHa 281 series
The KiHa 281 series (キハ281系) was a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) on Super Hokuto limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, from 1994 until 2022. They were the first tilting trains to be operated by JR Hokkaido.

Hokuto (train)
The Hokuto (北斗) is a limited express train service that runs between Sapporo and Hakodate in Hokkaido, operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido). The journey time of the Hokuto is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes.

Super Hokuto services started on 1 March 1994, and cut journey time by about 30 minutes due to the higher speeds through the many curves of the line between Sapporo and Hakodate. All trains have been renamed to Hokuto since 2020, after the KiHa 183 series used on the original Hokuto service was replaced with KiHa 261 series.
Game tree
In the context of combinatorial game theory, a game tree is a graph representing all possible game states within a sequential game that has perfect information. Such games include chess, checkers, Go, and tic-tac-toe.

A game tree can be used to measure the complexity of a game, as it represents all the possible ways that the game can pan out. Due to the large game trees of complex games such as chess, algorithms that are designed to play this class of games will use partial game trees, which makes computation feasible on modern computers. Various methods exist to solve game trees. If a complete game tree can be generated, a deterministic algorithm, such as backward induction or retrograde analysis can be used. Randomized algorithms and minmax algorithms such as MCTS can be used in cases where a complete game tree is not feasible.

Game complexity
Combinatorial game theory measures game complexity in several ways:

State-space complexity (the number of legal game positions from the initial position)

Game tree size (total number of possible games)

Decision complexity (number of leaf nodes in the smallest decision tree for initial position)

Game-tree complexity (number of leaf nodes in the smallest full-width decision tree for initial position)

Computational complexity (asymptotic difficulty of a game as it grows arbitrarily large)

These measures involve understanding the game positions, possible outcomes, and computational complexity of various game scenarios.
Comercial Mexicana
Tiendas Comercial Mexicana S.A. de C.V., colloquially known as La Comercial and  La Comer, was a Mexican hypermarket group that operated mainly in Mexico City and Central Mexico. It was founded in 1930 and operated by Controladora Comercial Mexicana. From 2016 to 2018 it was owned and operated by Soriana, which also owns Alprecio stores. Comercial Mexicana, including its different store formats, was the third-largest supermarket chain in Mexico as of 2014.

Soriana
Organización Soriana is a Mexican public company and one of the largest retailers in Mexico, operating more than 824 stores. It is a grocery and department store chain headquartered in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. The company is fully capitalized in Mexico and has been publicly traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange (Bolsa Mexicana de Valores) since 1987 under the ticker symbol Soriana.
Bhim Chand (soldier)
Subedar Major and Honorary Captain Bhim Chand, VrC & bar, (born 17 December 1905) was an officer of the Indian Army around the mid-20th century. He is known for his role in stalling the advance of the Pakistani forces in Ladakh during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-48. He is the only person in the Indian Army known for having been awarded a double award in this war. For his role in this war, Bhim Chand is regarded among the 'Saviours of Ladakh', alongside Thakur Prithi Chand, Kushal Chand, and Chewang Rinchen.

Thakur Prithi Chand
Colonel Thakur Prithi Chand, MVC, (1 January 1911 - 2000) was an officer of the Indian Army. He is known for his significant role in stalling Pakistani advances in Ladakh during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-48. For his role in this war, Thakur Prithi Chand is regarded among the 'Saviours of Ladakh', alongside Kushal Chand, Bhim Chand, and Chewang Rinchen.
Spreckels Organ Pavilion
The Spreckels Organ Pavilion is an outdoor venue that houses the open-air Spreckels Organ in Balboa Park in San Diego, California. With more than 5,000 pipes, the Spreckels Organ is the world's largest pipe organ in a fully outdoor venue. Constructed for the 1915 Panama–California Exposition, it is located at the corner of President's Way and Pan American Road East in the park.

Panama–California Exposition
The Panama–California Exposition was a world exposition held in San Diego, California, between January 1, 1915, and January 1, 1917. The exposition celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal, and was meant to tout San Diego as the first United States port of call for ships traveling north after passing through the canal into the Pacific Ocean. The fair was held in San Diego's large urban Balboa Park. The park held a second Panama-California exposition in 1935.
Hungate massacre
The Hungate massacre involved the murder of the family of Nathan Hungate along Running Creek (Box Elder Creek near present-day Elizabeth, Colorado) on June 11, 1864. It was a precipitating factor leading to the Sand Creek massacre of November 29, 1864.

Sand Creek massacre
The Sand Creek massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre, the battle of Sand Creek or the massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of the Third Colorado Cavalry under the command of U.S. Volunteers Colonel John Chivington, a Methodist pastor, attacked and annihilated a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho people in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70 to over 600 Native American people. Chivington claimed 500 to 600 warriors were killed. However, most sources estimate around 150 people were killed, about two-thirds of whom were women and children. The location has been designated the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site and is administered by the National Park Service. The massacre is considered part of a series of events known as the Colorado Wars.
Animal shelter
An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals – mostly dogs and cats – are housed. The word "pound" has its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until they were claimed by their owners.

While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize animals that are not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner. In Europe, of the 30 countries included in a survey, all but six (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy and Poland) permitted euthanizing non-adopted animals.

No-kill shelter
A no-kill shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals based on time limits or capacity, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals, animals suffering poor quality of life, or those considered dangerous to public safety. Some no-kill shelters will commit to not killing any animals at all, under any circumstance, except as required by law. A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expand its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system. Up to ten percent of animals could be killed in a no-kill shelter and still be considered a no-kill shelter.
District of Western Pomerania
The District of Western Pomerania, also designated as the 3rd District, was a district of Poland, during the administration of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland in 1945, and the Provisional Government of National Unity from 1945 to 1946. It was established as one of four districts on 14 March 1945, as one of the four districts created to administer the area known as the Recovered Territories, acquired by Poland from Nazi Germany, during, and in the aftermath of World War 2. It was formed within the boundaries of former German provinces of Brandenburg, and Pomerania, and consisted of the area of the Farther Pomerania and Lubusz Land. On 25 September 1945, its southern part was incorporated into the Poznań Voivodeship. It existed until 28 June 1946, when it was abolished and incorporated into the Szczecin Voivodeship.

Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)
The Szczecin Voivodeship was a voivodeship (province) with its capital in Szczecin, that was centered on the Farther Pomerania. It existed from 1946 to 1975. Until 19 February 1947 it was under the administration of Provisional Government of National Unity, which then was replaced by the Polish People's Republic. It was established on 28 June 1946, when it was carved out of the territory of the District of the Western Pomerania, and parts of the Gdańsk, and Pomeranian Voivodeships. On 6 July 1950, its eastern half was incorporated into then-established Koszalin Voivodeship, and the voivodeship ceased to exist on 31 May 1975, when it was replaced by then-established Szczecin and Gorzów Voivodeships.
Grahovljani
The Grahovo tribe (Serbian: племе Грахово / pleme Grahovo) or Grahovljani (Serbian Cyrillic: Граховљани) is a historical Serbo-Montenegrin tribe and region of Old Herzegovina in Montenegro. The tribe was formed on Brotherhoods and other extinct tribes of Montenegro being  one of the sixteen tribes of Herzegovina, along with the Riđani, Piva, Drobnjaci, Krivošije, Nikšići, Banjani, Mataruge, and others.

Riđani
The Riđani (Serbian Cyrillic: Риђани) was a historical tribe and region in Old Herzegovina, modern Montenegro, that existed from the late medieval period until its annexion by the Principality of Montenegro in the mid-18th century.
Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca
The Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca is a catalogue of Greek hagiographic materials, including ancient literary works on the saints' lives, the translations of their relics, and their miracles, arranged alphabetically by saint.  It is usually abbreviated as BHG in scholarly literature.  The listings include MSS, incipits, and printed editions.  The first two editions (1895, 1909) were edited by the Bollandists, which included the Jesuit scholar Hippolyte Delehaye.  The most recent editions have been the product of a single editor François Halkin.  The BHG along with the Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina and Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis are the most useful tools in the research of literary documents concerning the saints.

Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis
The Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis is a catalogue of Arabic, Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, and Ethiopian hagiographic materials, including ancient literary works on the saints' lives, the translations of their relics, and their miracles, arranged alphabetically by saint.  It is usually abbreviated as BHO in scholarly literature.  The listings include MSS, incipits, and printed editions.  The BHO along with the Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca and Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina are the most useful tools in the research of literary documents concerning the saints.
Gayant
Gayant is a processional giant that symbolizes the city of Douai. It is carried through the city for three days each year at the beginning of July as part of an eponymous festival alongside its "wife", Marie Cagenon, and their three "children", Jacquot, Fillon, and Binbin. The family arrives at the belfry at Douai on the final Sunday of the festival, which culminates with Le Grand Cortège (The Grand Procession) in the afternoon.

Gayant is included in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List as an example of processional giants and dragons in Belgium and France.

Processional giant
Processional giants are costumed figures in European folklore, particularly present in Belgian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and English folkloric processions. The main feature of these figures is typically their wooden, papier maché or -more recently- synthetic resin head, whilst bodies are covered in clothing matching the costume's theme.

Since 2008, Belgian and French processional giants have been recognised as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, as part of the binational listing of 'Processional giants and dragons in Belgium and France'.
Clare Grady
Clare Grady is an American peace activist and a member of the Catholic Worker and the Plowshares movements. She advocated against use of cruise missiles for first-strike capability in the 1983 Griffiss Plowshares action. In the process of the protest, military equipment was damaged and splattered with blood. In 2003, she and three others made up The Saint Patrick's Day Four, who conducted a protest action at a military recruiting center in Lansing, New York against the impending Iraq War. She participated in the Kings Bay Plowshares action on April 4, 2018, which resulted in a conviction and sentence of one year and a day.

Kings Bay Plowshares
The Kings Bay Plowshares are a group of seven Catholic peace activists who broke into the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base and carried out a symbolic act of protest against nuclear weapons. The name of the action and the wider anti-nuclear Plowshares movement comes from the prophet Isaiah’s command to "beat swords into plowshares."
Bobby & Co.
Bobby & Co. was a provincial department store group based mainly in seaside towns on the south coast of England. The business operated from 1887 until 1972. During the 1920s it became part of the Drapery Trust, which in turn became a subsidiary of Debenhams.

Drapery Trust
Drapery Trust (initially called the Drapery & General Investment Trust Ltd) formed in 1925 by Clarence Hatry, a notorious British financier. He had made his fortune in speculating on oil stocks, and had convinced investors to promote department stores and bring them under the management of a retail conglomerate. The business was acquired by Debenhams in 1927 and was run as a subsidiary until the 1970s.
European seasonal energy efficiency ratio
In Europe, the seasonal efficiency of refrigeration equipment, chillers and air conditioners is often rated by the European seasonal energy efficiency ratio (ESEER) which is controlled (among others) by the Eurovent Certification Company. A similar standard in the United States is the integrated energy efficiency ratio (IEER).

The ESEER is calculated by combining full and part load operating Energy Efficiency Ratios (EER), for different seasonal air or water temperatures, and including for appropriate weighting factors. These values are shown in the following table.

The formula for ESEER can then be presented as follows:

ESEER = (EER@100% load × 0.03) + (EER@75% load × 0.33) + (EER@50% load × 0.41) + (EER@25% load × 0.23)

Eurovent publishes EER and ESEER values in its Directory of Certified Products together with cooling capacity and power input for standard conditions at full load for a wide variety of commercially available equipment.

Seasonal energy efficiency ratio
In the United States, the efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) which is defined by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, a trade association, in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment. A similar standard is the European seasonal energy efficiency ratio (ESEER).

The SEER rating of a unit is the cooling output during a typical cooling-season divided by the total electric energy input during the same period. The higher the unit's SEER rating the more energy efficient it is. In the U.S., the SEER is the ratio of cooling in British thermal units (BTUs) to the energy consumed in watt-hours.
CKCK-FM
CKCK-FM is a radio station in Regina, Saskatchewan. Owned by Rawlco Communications, it broadcasts an adult hits format branded as Jack 94.5. CKCK's studios and offices are located at 2401 Saskatchewan Drive in Regina, along with sister stations CJME and CIZL-FM.

Jack FM
Jack FM is a radio network brand that is licensed by Sparknet Communications, with the exception of the European Union where it is licensed by Oxis Media. It plays an adult hits format, in most cases not using DJs.
Christopher Masterson
Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as  Francis on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of actor Danny Masterson, and the older half-brother of Alanna Masterson and Jordan Masterson, who are also actors.

Jordan Masterson
Jordan Masterson (born April 9, 1986) is an American actor. He played Zeb, a five-year-old boy, in Danielle Steel's 1993 TV adaptation Star. He may be best known for his role as Mark in the 2005 film The 40-Year-Old Virgin and his recurring role as Dumptruck in ABC Family comedy-drama series Greek.  He co-starred as Ryan Vogelson in the sitcom Last Man Standing on ABC (2012–2017) and later Fox (2018–2021), replacing Nick Jonas.

He also guest starred in the television series Grounded for Life, George Lopez, Las Vegas, 7th Heaven, CSI: Miami, Without a Trace and How I Met Your Mother.

Masterson is the brother of actress Alanna Masterson and the maternal half-brother of actors Danny Masterson and Christopher Masterson.
Vladimir Fedorov
Vladimir Anatolyevich Fedorov or Fyodorov (Russian: Владимир Анатольевич Фёдоров, born 22 April 1971) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. He is the 1993 World bronze medalist with Anjelika Krylova. He is now married and lives in the USA in Washington. He coaches at SnoKing Ice Arena in Snoqualmie, WA.

Anjelika Krylova
Anjelika Alexeyevna Krylova (Russian: Анжелика Алексеевна Крылова; born 4 July 1973) is a Russian retired ice dancer. With partner Oleg Ovsyannikov, she is the 1998 Olympic silver medalist and two-time (1998, 1999) World champion. She currently works as a coach and choreographer in Moscow, Russia.
Ioannis Rallis
Ioannis Rallis (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ. Ράλλης; 1878 – 26 October 1946) was the third and last collaborationist prime minister of Greece during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II, holding office from 7 April 1943 to 12 October 1944, succeeding Konstantinos Logothetopoulos in the Nazi-controlled Greek puppet government in Athens.

Konstantinos Logothetopoulos
Konstantinos Logothetopoulos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Λογοθετόπουλος; 1878 – 6 July 1961) was a Greek medical doctor who became Prime Minister of Greece, directing the Greek collaborationist government during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II.
Mattock
A mattock (/ˈmætək/) is a hand tool used for digging, prying, and chopping. Similar to the pickaxe, it has a long handle and a stout head which combines either a vertical axe blade with a horizontal adze (cutter mattock), or a pick and an adze (pick mattock). A cutter mattock is similar to a Pulaski used in fighting fires. It is also commonly known in North America as a "grub axe".

Pickaxe
A pickaxe (American spelling: pickax), pick-axe, or pick is a generally T-shaped hand tool used for digging. Its head is typically metal, attached perpendicularly to a longer handle, traditionally made of wood, occasionally metal, and increasingly fiberglass.

A standard pickaxe, similar to a "pick mattock", has a pointed end on one side of its head and a broad flat "axe" blade opposite. A gradual curve characteristically spans the length of the head. The next most common configuration features two spikes, one slightly longer than the other.

The pointed end is used both for breaking and prying, the axe for hoeing, skimming, and chopping through roots.

Developed as agricultural tools in prehistoric times, picks have evolved into other tools such as the plough and the mattock. They also have been used in general construction and mining, and adapted to warfare.
Tropicana Brands Group
Tropicana Brands Group (/ˌtrɒpɪˈkænə/ TROP-ih-KAN-ə) is an American fruit-based beverage company. It was founded in 1947 by Anthony T. Rossi in Bradenton, Florida. Between 1998 and 2021, it was a subsidiary of PepsiCo. In August 2021, 61% of Tropicana was sold along with the rest of PepsiCo's juice brand portfolio for $3.3 billion to French investment fund PAI Partners. PepsiCo retained the remaining 39% of the company's  ownership.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
Monkstown, Dublin
Monkstown (Irish: Baile na Manach), historically known as Carrickbrennan (Irish: Carraig Bhraonáin), is a suburb on the southside of Dublin, Ireland, located in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. It is on the coast, between Blackrock and Dún Laoghaire while also bordering Sallynoggin and Deansgrange inland.

The lands of the Carrickbrennan estate form the greater part of the civil parish of Monkstown.

Dún Laoghaire
Dún Laoghaire (/dʌn ˈlɪəri/ dun LEER-ee, Irish: [ˌd̪ˠuːn̪ˠ ˈl̪ˠeːɾʲə, - ˈl̪ˠiːɾʲə]) is a suburban coastal town in County Dublin in Ireland. It is the administrative centre of the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. The town was built up alongside a small existing settlement following 1816 legislation that allowed the building of a major port to serve Dublin. It was known as Dunleary in the English language, until it was renamed Kingstown in honour of King George IV's 1821 visit, and in 1920 was given its present name, which is the original Irish form from which "Dunleary" was anglicised. Over time, the town became a residential location, a seaside resort, the terminus of Ireland's first railway and the administrative centre of the former borough of Dún Laoghaire, and from 1994, of the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown.