hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Howard Williams
James Howard Williams, also known as Elephant Bill (15 November 1897 – 30 July 1958), was a British soldier and elephant expert in Burma, known for his work with the Fourteenth Army during the Burma Campaign of World War II, and for his 1950 book Elephant Bill. He was made a Lieutenant-Colonel, mentioned in dispatches three times, and was awarded the OBE in 1945.

Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)
The British Fourteenth Army was a multi-national force comprising units from Commonwealth countries during the Second World War. It was composed of units of the British Army, many from the Indian Army, and significant contributions from the British Army's West and East African divisions. It was often referred to as the "Forgotten Army" because its operations in the Burma campaign were overlooked by the contemporary press, and remained more obscure than those of the corresponding formations in Europe for long after the war. For most of the Army's existence, it was commanded by Lieutenant-General William Slim.
Stylophora
The Stylophora are an extinct class of paleozoic echinoderms, comprising the cornutes, the mitrates, and the basal ceratocystids. It is synonymous with the subphylum Calcichordata. Their unusual appearances have led to a variety of very different reconstructions of their anatomy, how they lived, and their relationships to other organisms.

Stylophorans have played a major role in debates over the origin of chordates, as under the calcichordate hypothesis they were interpreted as being stem-group chordates. However, multiple lines of evidence argue against the calcichordate hypothesis, and stylophorans are now widely agreed to belong to the echinoderm total group. Debate remains over whether they are stem-group echinoderms which predate the origin of radial symmetry, or highly modified descendants of radially symmetric echinoderms.

Cornuta
Cornuta is an extinct order of echinoderms.  Along with the mitrates, they form the Stylophora.

Their first (probable) representative is Ponticulocarpus from the Spence Shale (mid Cambrian);, Ordovician examples also exist.
Tudeh Party of Iran
The Tudeh Party of Iran is an Iranian Marxist-Leninist communist party. Formed in 1941 with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its leader, the organization held significant influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, as well as throughout his term as prime minister. From the Iran crisis of 1946 onwards, Tudeh became a pro-Soviet organization and remained prepared to carry out the dictates of the Kremlin, even if it meant sacrificing Iranian political independence and sovereignty. The crackdown that followed the 1953 coup against Mosaddegh is said to have "destroyed" the party, although a small part of it survived. The party still exists but has remained much weaker on account of being banned in Iran and mass arrests by the Islamic Republic in 1982, as well as the executions of political prisoners in 1988. Tudeh identified itself as the historical offshoot of the Communist Party of Persia.

Political repression in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Political repression has been exercised in Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which led Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to power and thus established an Islamic theocracy combining Islamic principles with authoritarian policy. The Islamic Republic has throughout its history used executions, massacres and torture against those perceived as potential dissidents. Survivors described being blindfolded, waiting in the corridors to be brought before the committee, and witnessing prisoners being taken to their executions, including those whose health had deteriorated due to torture. It has been alleged that these techniques are employed with the intent of silencing critics of the regime, especially female dissidents. In 2024, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran published a report that categorised the 1981–1982 massacres and 1988 executions as crimes against humanity and genocide.
Crinodendron hookerianum
Crinodendron hookerianum, known as the Chilean lantern tree, is an evergreen tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is endemic to Chile, where it occurs from Cautin to Palena (38 to 43°S). It grows near streams and in very humid and shady places, and is often found in Valdivian temperate forests.

Crinodendron patagua
Crinodendron patagua, the patagua or lily of the valley tree (also a name for Clethra arborea), is a species of evergreen tree. It is endemic to Chile, where it grows from 33° to 36° South latitude, up to 1200 m (4000 ft) above sea level in elevation. It is found in wet habitats and prefers ravines.
Marina Massironi
Marina Massironi (born 16 May 1963) is an Italian actress, voice artist, and comedian. A theatre actress since 1984, she has appeared in more than twenty films since 1987, and was awarded with the David di Donatello and Nastro d'Argento for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Bread and Tulips (2000).

Massironi is best known to the Italian public for her past collaboration with the comedy trio Aldo, Giovanni e Giacomo, of which her former husband, Giacomo Poretti, is a member. She has also dubbed many animated characters in Italian; in 2021, she voiced Mrs. Marsigliese in both the English and Italian dubs of the animated Pixar/Disney film Luca.

Nastro d'Argento for Best Supporting Actress
The Nastro d'Argento (Silver Ribbon) is a film award presented annually since 1946 by the Sindacato Nazionale dei Giornalisti Cinematografici Italiani ("Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists"), the association of Italian film critics.

This is the list of Nastro d'Argento awards for Best Supporting Actress. Virna Lisi and Stefania Sandrelli are the most awarded actresses in this category, with 4 awards each.
Solange II
Re Wünsche Handelsgesellschaft (22 October 1986) BVerfGE 73, 339, is a German constitutional law and EU law case, concerning the conflict of law between the German national legal system and European Union law. It is popularly known as Solange II because of a key phrase "so long as" in the judgment.

Solange I
Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (1970) Case 11/70 is an EU law case and German constitutional law case concerning the conflict of law between a national legal system and the laws of the European Union. It is commonly known as Solange I because of a key phrase "so long as" in the judgment.
Georgia State Route 136
State Route 136 (SR 136) is a 136.380-mile-long (219.482 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Dade, Walker, Gordon, Murray, Gilmer, Pickens, Dawson, and Hall counties in the northwestern and north-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway extends from its western terminus at SR 71 at the Alabama state line, west of Trenton, to its eastern terminus at SR 60 north-northwest of Gainesville.

Dade County, Georgia
Dade County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. It occupies the northwest corner of Georgia, and the county's own northwest corner is the westernmost point in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population is 16,251. The county seat and only incorporated municipality is Trenton. Dade County is part of the Chattanooga metropolitan area. In 1860, residents of Dade County voted to secede from the state of Georgia and from the United States, but no government outside the county ever recognized this gesture as legal. In 1945, the county symbolically "rejoined" Georgia and the United States.
Machihata Union
Machihata (Bengali: মাছিহাতা), or Machhihata, is a union council in the southern part of Brahmanbaria Sadar, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh. It borders Suhilpur and Pattan to the north, Singerbil and Uttar Akhaura to the east, Vasudev to the south, Sultanpur and Ramrail to the west, and Brahmanbaria to the northwest. The union council covers an area of 31.97 km2. As of 2011, its population is 40,509.

Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila
Brahmanbaria Sadar (Bengali: ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া সদর) is an upazila of Brahmanbaria District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Brahmanbaria Sadar is located at 23°57′10″N 91°07′00″E﻿ / ﻿23.9528°N 91.1167°E﻿ / 23.9528; 91.1167.
Firefly (cache coherence protocol)
The Firefly cache coherence protocol is the schema used in the DEC Firefly multiprocessor workstation, developed by DEC Systems Research Center. This protocol is a 3 State Write Update Cache Coherence Protocol. Unlike the Dragon protocol, the Firefly protocol updates the Main Memory as well as the Local caches on Write Update Bus Transition. Thus the Shared Clean and Shared Modified States present in case of Dragon Protocol, are not distinguished between in case of Firefly Protocol.

Cache coherence
In computer architecture, cache coherence is the uniformity of shared resource data that is stored in multiple local caches. In a cache coherent system, if multiple clients have a cached copy of the same region of a shared memory resource, all copies are the same. Without cache coherence, a change made to the region by one client may not be seen by others, and errors can result when the data used by different clients is mismatched.

A cache coherence protocol is used to maintain cache coherency. The two main types are snooping and directory-based protocols.

Cache coherence is of particular relevance in multiprocessing systems, where each CPU may have its own local cache of a shared memory resource.
Richard Freeman (physician)
Richard Freeman (born 1959 or 1960) is a former sports physician known for his work with British Cycling and Team Sky.

In a medical tribunal in Manchester, Freeman was accused of aiding cyclists with doping and related misconduct. He admitted to 18 of 22 charges against him. In March 2021, the tribunal additionally found Freeman guilty of ordering testosterone, a performance-enhancing drug restricted by World Anti-Doping Agency and UK Anti-Doping rules, for a Team Sky cyclist in 2011, "knowing or believing" it was to help dope a cyclist. After the decision, Freeman was permanently struck off the medical register by the General Medical Council.

Following a UK Anti-Doping (UKAD) investigation, he was banned from all sport for a period of four years for "possession of a prohibited substance" and  "tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping control".

British Cycling
British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation) is the main national governing body for cycle sport in Great Britain. It administers most competitive cycling in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It represents Britain at the world body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and selects national teams, including the Great Britain (GB) Cycling Team for races in Britain and abroad. As of 2020, it has a total membership of 165,000.

It is based at the National Cycling Centre on the site of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
U.S. Route 23
U.S. Route 23 or U.S. Highway 23 (US 23) is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway between Jacksonville, Florida, and Mackinaw City, Michigan. It is an original 1926 route which originally reached only as far south as Portsmouth, Ohio, and has since been extended. It was formerly part of the major highway known as the Dixie Highway. The highway's southern terminus is in Jacksonville, Florida, at US 1/US 17. The northern terminus is at Interstate 75 (I-75) in Mackinaw City, Michigan.

U.S. Route 123
U.S. Route 123 (US 123) is a spur of US 23 in the U.S. states of Georgia and South Carolina. The U.S. Highway runs 75.12 miles (120.89 km) from its western terminus (signed as south) at US 23, US 441, SR 15 and SR 365 near Clarkesville, Georgia, east (though signed as north) to Interstate 385 Business (I-385 Business) in Greenville, South Carolina. US 123 parallels I-85 to the north as it connects the Northeast Georgia cities of Clarkesville and Toccoa with the western Upstate South Carolina communities of Westminster, Seneca, Clemson, Easley, and Greenville.
B. R. Rajam Iyer
B. R. Rajam Iyer (or Aiyar; 1872–1898) was an Indian lawyer and writer who wrote in Tamil and English. He is the author of Kamalambal Saritharam, an early Tamil novel.

Iyer was deeply interested in religion and philosophy and edited an English magazine, Prabuddha Bharata, from 1896. The magazine was started at the behest of Swami Vivekananda. He authored Kamalambal Saritharam between 1893 and 1895. Kamalambal is one of the earliest Tamil novels written after Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram.

The Fatal Rumour
The Fatal Rumour: A Nineteenth-Century Indian Novel (Tamil: ஆபத்துக்கிடமான அபவாதம் அல்லது கமலாம்பாள் சரித்திரம், Aabattukkitamaana Apavaatam allatu Kamalaambaal Charittiram) is a Tamil-language novel by B. R. Rajam Aiyar, published in 1893-1895 and published in book form in 1896. It was translated into English by Stuart Blackburn and published by Oxford University Press.
Strehaia
Strehaia (Romanian pronunciation: [streˈhaja]) is a town in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania. It is situated on the Motru River valley, in the eastern part of the county. Nine villages are administered by the town: Ciochiuța, Comanda, Hurducești, Lunca Banului, Menți, Motruleni, Slătinicu Mare, Slătinicu Mic, and Stăncești.

Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [droˈbeta ˈturnu seveˈrin] ⓘ), colloquially Severin, is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the northern bank of the Danube, close to the Iron Gates. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. "Drobeta" is the name of the ancient Dacian and Roman towns at the site, and the modern town of Turnu Severin received the additional name of Drobeta during Nicolae Ceaușescu's national-communist dictatorship as part of his myth-making efforts.
Swift Engineering
Swift Engineering is an American engineering firm that builds autonomous systems, helicopters, submarines, spacecraft, ground vehicles, robotics, and composite parts. The chairman and CEO is Hiro Matsushita, a former racecar driver and grandson of the founder of Panasonic, Konosuke Matsushita.

Swift used to produce racing cars for open-wheel racing series including Formula Ford, Formula Atlantic, the Champ Car World Series and Formula Nippon.
They company has designed and manufactured over 500 race cars.

Swift is certified to AS9100, ISO 14001 and ISO 27000.

Formula Atlantic
Formula Atlantic is a specification of open-wheel racing car developed in the 1970s. It was used in professional racing through the IMSA Atlantic Championship until 2009 and is currently primarily used in amateur racing through Sports Car Club of America Formula Atlantic.
Boeing 377 Stratocruiser
The Boeing 377 Stratocruiser was a large long-range airliner developed from the C-97 Stratofreighter military transport, itself a derivative of the B-29 Superfortress. The Stratocruiser's first flight was on July 8, 1947. Design features included passenger decks and a pressurized cabin. It could carry up to 100 passengers on the main deck plus 14 in the lower deck lounge; typical seating was for 63 or 84 passengers or 28 berthed and five seated passengers.

The Stratocruiser was larger than the Douglas DC-6 and Lockheed Constellation and cost more to buy and operate. Its reliability was poor, mainly due to problems with the four 28-cylinder Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major radial engines and  structural and control problems with their propellers. Only 55 Stratocruisers were built for airlines, along with the single prototype. One was converted into the Aero Spacelines Pregnant Guppy by John M. Conroy for NASA’s Gemini space program.

Aero Spacelines Mini Guppy
The Aero Spacelines Mini Guppy is a large, wide-bodied, American cargo aircraft used for aerial transport of outsized cargo components.  The Mini Guppy is one of the Guppy line of aircraft produced by Aero Spacelines, alongside the Pregnant Guppy and Super Guppy.
Ballistic coefficient
In ballistics, the ballistic coefficient (BC, Cb) of a body is a measure of its ability to overcome air resistance in flight. It is inversely proportional to the negative acceleration: a high number indicates a low negative acceleration—the drag on the body is small in proportion to its mass. BC can be expressed with the units kilogram-force per square meter (kgf/m2) or pounds per square inch (lb/in2) (where 1 lb/in2 corresponds to 703.06957829636 kgf/m2).

External ballistics
External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin stabilized, flying through an atmosphere or in the vacuum of space, but most certainly flying under the influence of a gravitational field.

Gun-launched projectiles may be unpowered, deriving all their velocity from the propellant's ignition until the projectile exits the gun barrel. However, exterior ballistics analysis also deals with the trajectories of rocket-assisted gun-launched projectiles and gun-launched rockets and rockets that acquire all their trajectory velocity from the interior ballistics of their on-board propulsion system, either a rocket motor or air-breathing engine, both during their boost phase and after motor burnout.  External ballistics is also concerned with the free-flight of other projectiles, such as balls, arrows etc.
Fuglsang Art Museum
Fuglsang Art Museum (Danish: Fuglsang Kunstmuseum) is an art museum set in rural surroundings in Guldborgsund Municipality on the island of Lolland in Denmark. It is part of the Fuglsang Cultural Centre. The museum features Danish art with an emphasis on artists and motifs of local provenance.

The museum is located in a purpose-built building, designed by Tony Fretton. Noted for its integration with the surrounding architecture and landscape, the museum building won a 2009 RIBA European Award and was short-listed for the Stirling Prize the same year.

Fuglsang Manor
Fuglsang is a 19th-century manor house now operated by Det Classenske Fideicommis as a cultural centre as an active agricultural estate at Toreby on the island of Lolland, in southeastern Denmark. The estate was owned by members of the de Neergaard family from 1819 to 1947. The main building  serves as a venue for classical concerts and other cultural activities. The cultural centre also includes Fuglsang Art Museum, located in a purpose-built building designed by British architect Tony Fretton.
Bartholomew of Braga
Bartholomew of Braga (3 May 1514 – 16 July 1590), born Bartolomeu Fernandes and in religious Bartolomeu dos Mártires, was a Portuguese Catholic and a professed member from the Order of Preachers as well as the Archbishop Emeritus of Braga. Fernandes participated in the Council of Trent and also collaborated with Charles Borromeo at the council while also establishing a series of hospitals and hospices in Braga while publishing a range of works from catechism to other topics.

The sainthood process commenced under Pope Benedict XIV on 11 September 1754 and he was titled as a Servant of God while Pope Gregory XVI later named him as Venerable on 23 May 1845. Pope John Paul II beatified Fernandes in Saint Peter's Square on 4 November 2001. Pope Francis approved the equipollent canonization for him on 5 July 2019 after waiving the miracle needed for him to become a saint therefore acknowledging him as such.

Charles Borromeo
Charles Borromeo (Italian: Carlo Borromeo; Latin: Carolus Borromeus; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584. He was made a cardinal in 1560.

Borromeo founded the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine and was a leading figure of the Counter-Reformation together with Ignatius of Loyola and Philip Neri. In that role, he was responsible for significant reforms in the Catholic Church, including the founding of seminaries for the education of priests. He was canonized in 1610 and his feast day is 4 November.
Nigel Balchin
Nigel Marlin Balchin (3 December 1908 – 17 May 1970) was an English psychologist and author, particularly known for his novels written during and immediately after World War II: Darkness Falls from the Air, The Small Back Room and Mine Own Executioner.

The Small Back Room (novel)
The Small Back Room is a 1943 British thriller novel by Nigel Balchin, a pioneer of the use of computers, who later became Deputy Science Adviser (Army). It makes fun of 'the lesser back-room boy'.

In 1947 it was adapted by the team of Powell and Pressburger as a film of the same title starring David Farrar and Kathleen Byron. Perhaps confusingly, this used the term Boffin to refer to back-room 'boys' rather than to those more like Balchin himself.
Huawei HiCar
Huawei HiCar is a mobile app developed by Huawei to mirror features of an Android EMUI and HarmonyOS device, such as a smartphone, on a car's dashboard information and entertainment head unit.

Once an HarmonyOS device is paired with the car's head unit, the system can mirror some apps on the vehicle's display. Supported apps include GPS mapping and navigation, music playback, SMS, telephony, and Web search. The system supports both touchscreen and button-controlled head units. Hands-free operation through voice commands via Celia is available and recommended to reduce driver distraction.

Automotive head unit
An automotive head unit, sometimes called the infotainment system, is a vehicle audio component providing a unified hardware interface for the system, including screens, buttons and system controls for numerous integrated information and entertainment functions.

Other names for automotive head units include car stereo, car receiver, deck, in-dash stereo, and dash stereo.
Danish modern
Danish modern  also known as Scandinavian modern is a style of minimalist furniture and housewares from Denmark associated with the Danish design movement. In the 1920s, Kaare Klint embraced the principles of Bauhaus modernism in furniture design, creating clean, pure lines based on an understanding of classical furniture craftsmanship coupled with careful research into materials, proportions, and the requirements of the human body.

Designers such as Arne Jacobsen and Hans Wegner helped bring about a thriving furniture industry from the 1940s to the 1960s. Adopting mass-production techniques and concentrating on functional form, Finn Juhl contributed to the style's success. Additionally, minimalist Danish housewares such as cutlery and trays of teak and stainless steel and dinnerware such as those produced in Denmark for Dansk International Designs in its early years, expanded the Danish modern aesthetic beyond furniture.

Finn Juhl
Finn Juhl (30 January 1912 – 17 May 1989) was a Danish architect, interior and industrial designer, most known for his furniture design. He was one of the leading figures in the creation of Danish design in the 1940s and he was the designer who introduced Danish modern to America.
Blaine Denning
Blaine Denning Sr. (born Blaine Mitchell Jr.; September 19, 1930 – January 25, 2016) was an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball at Lawrence Technological University and was inducted into their athletic hall of fame. He played professionally for the Harlem Globetrotters, Elmira Colonels of the American Basketball League, and Baltimore Bullets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

Lawrence Technological University
Lawrence Technological University (Lawrence Tech, LTU) is a private university in Southfield, Michigan. It was founded in 1932 in Highland Park, Michigan, as the Lawrence Institute of Technology (LIT) by Russell E. Lawrence. The university moved to Southfield in 1955 and has since expanded to 107 acres (43 ha). The campus also includes the Frank Lloyd Wright designed Affleck House in Bloomfield Hills. The university offers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs through its five colleges.