hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human torpedo
Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle on which the diver rides, generally in a seated position behind a fairing. They were used as secret naval weapons in World War II. The basic concept is still in use.

The name was commonly used to refer to the weapons that Italy, and later (with a larger version) Britain, deployed in the Mediterranean and used to attack ships in enemy harbours. The human torpedo concept has occasionally been used by recreational divers, although this use is closer to midget submarines.

More broadly, the term human torpedo was used in the past to refer to vehicles which are now referred to as wet submarines and diver propulsion vehicles. Midget submarines which are employed to directly support frogman operations, whether possessing airlocks or not, if used as underwater tugs to transport equipment and frogmen clinging to their exterior, also blur the line between the human torpedo and more sophisticated underwater vehicles.

Diver propulsion vehicle
A diver propulsion vehicle (DPV), also known as an underwater propulsion vehicle, sea scooter, underwater scooter, scuba sled or swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) by armed forces, is a compact underwater propulsion device, usually used as a diving equipment by scuba divers to increase range underwater. Range is restricted by the amount of breathing gas that can be carried, the rate at which that breathing gas is consumed, and the battery power of the DPV. Time limits imposed on the diver by decompression requirements may also limit safe range in practice. DPVs have recreational, scientific and military applications.

DPVs include a range of configurations from small, easily portable scooter units with a small range and low speed, to faired or enclosed units capable of carrying several divers longer distances at higher speeds.

The earliest recorded DPVs were used for military purposes during World War II and were based on torpedo technology and components.
Math wars
In the United States, math wars are debates over modern mathematics education, textbooks and curricula that were triggered by the publication in 1989 of the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) and subsequent development and widespread adoption of a new generation of mathematics curricula inspired by these standards.

While the discussion about math skills has persisted for many decades, the term "math wars" was coined by commentators such as John A. Van de Walle and David Klein. The debates focus on traditional mathematics versus reform mathematics philosophy and curricula, which differ significantly in approach and content.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Founded in 1920, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) is a professional organization for schoolteachers of mathematics in the United States. One of its goals is to improve the standards of mathematics in education. NCTM holds annual national and regional conferences for teachers and publishes five journals.
Apple A6X
The Apple A6X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series. It was introduced with and only used in the 4th generation iPad, on October 23, 2012. It is a high-performance variant of the Apple A6 and the last 32-bit chip Apple used on an iOS device before Apple switched to 64-bit. Apple claims the A6X has twice the CPU performance and up to twice the graphics performance of its predecessor, the Apple A5X. Software updates for the 4th generation iPad ended in 2019 with the release of iOS 10.3.4 for cellular models, thus ceasing support for this chip as it was discontinued with the release of iOS 11 in 2017.

Apple A6
The Apple A6 is a 32-bit package on package (PoP) system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series. It was introduced on September 12, 2012, at the launch of the iPhone 5. Apple states that it is up to twice as fast and has up to twice the graphics power compared with its predecessor, the Apple A5. Software updates for devices using this chip ceased in 2019, with the release of iOS 10.3.4 on the iPhone 5 as it was discontinued with the release of iOS 11 in 2017.
Hazelton, British Columbia
Hazelton is a village municipality in the Skeena region of west central British Columbia, Canada. The place is on the southeast side of the Skeena River immediately north of the Bulkley River mouth, where the confluence forms a peninsula. On BC Highway 62, the locality is by road about 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of Smithers and 144 kilometres (89 mi) northeast of Terrace. Hazelton is the original of the "Three Hazeltons", the other two being New Hazelton to the southeast and South Hazelton to the south.

South Hazelton
South Hazelton is an unincorporated community in the Skeena region of west central British Columbia, Canada. The place is on the east side of the Skeena River immediately south of the Bulkley River mouth. On BC Highway 16, the locality is by road about 73 kilometres (45 mi) northwest of Smithers and 132 kilometres (82 mi) northeast of Terrace. South Hazelton is one of the "Three Hazeltons", the other two being the original "Old" Hazelton to the north and New Hazelton to the east.
Cotgrave
Cotgrave (/ˈkɒtɡreɪv/) is a town and civil parish in the borough of Rushcliffe in Nottinghamshire, England. It is 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Nottingham. It perches on the South Nottinghamshire Wolds about 131 feet (40 metres) above sea level. The population of the parish in the 2001 census was 7,373 which then decreased to 7,203 at the 2011 census, though Owthorpe was included. It was estimated at 8,113 in 2019. Statistics from the 2021 census show the population had risen to 8,206.

Owthorpe
Owthorpe is an English hamlet and civil parish in the Wolds of the East Midlands county of Nottinghamshire. The population of about 90 was included in the civil parish of Cotgrave in the 2011 census, this increased to 102 at the 2021 census.
Ngohiong
Ngohiong, also known and pronounced as ngoyong, is a Filipino appetizer consisting of julienned or cubed vegetables with ground meat or shrimp seasoned with five-spice powder in a thin egg crêpe that is deep-fried. It is a type of lumpia and is a Filipino adaptation of the Hokkien dish ngo hiang (known as kikiam in the Philippines). It originates from Cebu City.

Lumpia
Lumpia (in Indonesian and Filipino) are various types of spring rolls commonly found in Indonesian and Filipino cuisines. Lumpia are made of thin paper-like or crêpe-like pastry skin called "lumpia wrapper" enveloping savory or sweet fillings. It is often served as an appetizer or snack, and might be served deep-fried or fresh (unfried). Lumpia are Indonesian and Filipino adaptations of the Fujianese lūn-piáⁿ (潤餅) and Teochew popiah (薄餅), usually consumed during Qingming Festival.

In Indonesia, lumpia is a favorite snack, and is known as a street hawker food in the country. Lumpia was introduced by Chinese settlers to Indonesia during colonial times possibly in the 19th century.

In the Philippines, lumpia is one of the most common dishes served in gatherings and celebrations.

In the Netherlands and Belgium it is spelled loempia, the old Indonesian spelling, which has also become the generic name for "spring roll" in Dutch.
The Twelve Chairs
The Twelve Chairs (Russian: «Двенадцать стульев», romanized: Dvenadtsat stulyev) is a Russian classic satirical picaresque novel by the Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, published in 1928. Its plot follows characters attempting to obtain jewelry hidden in a chair. A sequel was published in 1931. The novel has been adapted to other media, primarily film.

The Little Golden Calf
The Little Golden Calf (Russian: Золотой телёнок, Zolotoy telyonok) is a satirical picaresque novel by Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, published in 1931. Its main character, Ostap Bender, also appears in a previous novel by the authors called The Twelve Chairs. The title alludes to the "golden calf" of the Bible.
Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers
The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers was an Irish line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1968. The regiment was formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot and the 108th Regiment of Foot.

It saw service in the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. In 1968 it was amalgamated with the other regiments in the North Irish Brigade, the Royal Ulster Rifles, and the Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's) into the Royal Irish Rangers.

27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot
The 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot was an Irish infantry regiment of the English Army and then the British Army, formed in 1689. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 108th (Madras Infantry) Regiment of Foot to form the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in 1881.
Lander Barton
Lander Barton (born December 30, 2003) is an American college football linebacker for the Utah Utes. He was named the 2022 Pac-12 Defensive Freshman of the Year. He is the younger brother of NFL players Cody Barton and Jackson Barton.

Cody Barton
Cody Likeke Barton (born November 13, 1996) is an American professional football linebacker for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah Utes and was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the 2019 NFL draft. He has also played in the NFL for the Washington Commanders and Denver Broncos.
Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground
Madhavrao Shindhia Cricket Ground also known as Municipal Corporation Ground or Racecourse Ground is a stadium located in Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

The venue hosted bilateral ODIs between 1980s-2000s, however since the venue's main tenent Saurashtra Cricket Association (SCA) built its own stadium in other part of the Rajkot city, they organise all international cricket allocated them at there.

Niranjan Shah Stadium
Niranjan Shah Stadium (formerly known as Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium), also known as Khandheri Cricket Stadium, is an international cricket stadium in Rajkot, India. It is India's second and Gujarat's first solar-powered stadium.

In 2013, the first international match took place in this stadium. In the same year, it hosted its first T20I between India and Australia, which India won by six wickets. In 2016, stadium hosted its first Test, India vs England. The match ended in a draw. Till date this venue has hosted multiple international Tests, ODIs and T20Is. This stadium also hosted several IPL matches during 2016-17, when Gujarat Lions opted for Rajkot as their home base.
Dutch Single Top 100
The Dutch Single Top 100 or Single Top 100 is a Dutch chart, based on official physical single sales, legal downloads and since July 2013 streaming and composed by Dutch Charts. It is one of the three official charts, the other two being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 30. The difference is that these charts also include airplay data.
The list is especially intended for the music industry and those who take an interest in charts. In Dutch TV programmes the Single Top 100 is often cited, although it has not been broadcast since December 2006.

Mega Top 30
Mega Top 30 was a Dutch music chart compiled by SoundAware and broadcast every Saturday from 14:00 - 16:00 on NPO 3FM. It originally started on November 30, 1963, as the Tijd voor Teenagers Top 10. The chart stopped on 2 September 2022. Throughout the years, the chart has had several names and lengths:
Ring binder
Ring binders (loose leaf binders, looseleaf binders, or sometimes called files in Britain) are large folders that contain file folders or hole punched papers (called loose leaves). These binders come in various sizes and can accommodate an array of paper sizes. These are held in the binder by circular or D-shaped retainers, onto which the contents are threaded. In North America, the rings themselves come in a variety of sizes, including 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 inches (13, 25, 38, and 51 mm), though other sizes are also available. The rings may be secured by lever arch mechanisms or other securing systems. The binders themselves are typically made from plastic with metal rings. Early designs were patented during the late 19th century.

Hole punch
A hole punch, also known as a hole puncher or paper puncher, is an office tool and item of stationery that is used to create holes in sheets of paper, often for the purpose of collecting the sheets in a binder or folder (such collected sheets are called loose leaves). A hole punch can also refer to similar tools for other materials, such as leather, cloth, or sheets of plastic or metal.
Scourie F.C.
Scourie Football Club were a senior association football club from the village of Scourie in the Scottish Highlands. They competed in the North Caledonian Football League and played their home games at Achlochan Park in Scourie.

North Caledonian Football Association
The North Caledonian Football Association is a senior football association operating throughout the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and is a recognised body of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) and as such has its senior football competitions officially registered with the SFA.
Anders Nielsen (colonist)
Anders Nielsen (c. late 15th century (?) – 16th century) was a Danish colonist and acting governor of Tranquebar from 1643 to 1648, in times when overhoved Willem Leyel was absent. During his service as acting governor of Tranquebar, Nielsen would defend the town from Thanjavurian General Tiagepule and support a mutiny against overhoved Leyel.

Tranquebar Rebellion
The Tranquebar Rebellion (Danish: Trankebar oprøret), also known as the Tranquebar Mutiny (Danish: Trankebar opstanden), was a bloodless mutiny and uprising against the governor of Tranquebar, Willem Leyel, at Tranquebar in 1648. The mutineers succeeded in arresting Leyel, and he would be replaced by the leader of the rebellion, Poul Hansen Korsør.
Counties 2 Dorset & Wilts North
Counties 2 Dorset & Wilts North (formerly Dorset & Wilts 1 North) is an English rugby union league, forming part of the South West Division, for clubs primarily based in Wiltshire, sitting at tier 8 of the English rugby union system.  Originally consisting of one league, Dorset & Wilts 1 split into North and South regional divisions in 2004. It had even had teams based in Berkshire participating until 2001, at which time they left to join the Buckinghamshire & Oxon leagues.  At the start of the 2022-23 campaign a new Central Division was introduced, before being disbanded ahead of the 2025-26 season.

Promoted teams move up into Counties 1 Southern South while relegated teams tend to drop down into Counties 3 Dorset & Wilts North or Counties 3 Dorset & Wilts Central depending on location.

Counties 2 Dorset & Wilts South
Counties 2 Dorset & Wilts South (formerly Dorset & Wilts 1 South) is an English Rugby Union league, forming part of the South West Division, for clubs primarily based in Dorset, sitting at tier 8 of the English rugby union system. Originally a single league, Dorset & Wilts 1 split into North and South regional divisions in 2004. Teams based in Berkshire participated until 2001 when they left to join the Buckinghamshire & Oxon leagues.

Promoted teams move up to Counties 1 Southern South, while relegated teams drop to Counties 3 Dorset & Wilts South or sometimes Counties 3 Dorset & Wilts Central.
Hengyang County
Hengyang County (simplified Chinese: 衡阳县; traditional Chinese: 衡陽縣; pinyin: Héngyáng Xiàn; lit. 'south of Mount Heng') is a county and the 5th most populous county-level division in the Province of Hunan, China; it is under the administration of Hengyang prefecture-level city. Located in the north of Hengyang City and the southeast of Hunan province, the county is bordered to the north by Shuangfeng County, to the west by Shaodong County, to the south by the counties of Qidong and Hengdong and the districts of Zhengxiang, Shigu, and Zhuhui, and to the east by Nanyue District and Hengshan County. Hengyang County covers 2,558.61 km2 (987.88 sq mi) with a population of 1,235,100 (as of 2015). The county has 17 towns under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Xidu Town (西渡镇).

Shigu, Hengyang
Shigu District (simplified Chinese: 石鼓区; traditional Chinese: 石鼓區; pinyin: Shígǔ Qū) is an urban district of Hengyang City, Hunan province, China. The district is located in the middle north of the city proper, it is bordered by Zhuhui District to the east, Yanfeng District to the south, Zhengxiang District to the west, and Hengyang County to the north. Shigu District covers an area of 112 km2 (43 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a permanent resident population of 231,700. The district has seven subdistricts and a township under its jurisdiction, the government seat is at Huangshawan Subdistrict (黄沙湾街道).
Duke of the Florentine Republic
The Duca della Repubblica Fiorentina, rendered in English as Duke of the Florentine Republic or Duke of the Republic of Florence, was a title created in 1532 by Pope Clement VII for the Medici family (his own family), which ruled the Republic of Florence. There were effectively only two dukes of the Republic of Florence, Alessandro de' Medici and Cosimo de' Medici, the second duke being elevated to Grand Duke of Tuscany, causing the Florentine title to become subordinate to the greater Tuscan title.

Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death. Cosimo I succeeded his cousin to the duchy.  He built the Uffizi (office) to organize his administration, and conquered Siena to consolidate Florence's rule in Tuscany. He expanded the Pitti Palace and most of the Boboli Gardens were also laid out during his reign.
TUI Cruises
TUI Cruises is a cruise line based in Germany. It was formed in 2007 as a joint venture between the German tourism company TUI AG and the American cruise line operator Royal Caribbean Group, each of which owns a 50% stake in the company.

Royal Caribbean Group
Royal Caribbean Group, formerly known as Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., is a cruise holding company headquartered in Miami, Florida, United States and incorporated in Liberia. It is the world's second-largest cruise line operator, after Carnival Corporation & plc. As of September 2025, Royal Caribbean Group fully owns three cruise lines: Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises, and Silversea Cruises. It also holds a 50% stake in TUI Cruises, which operates Mein Schiff and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises, with the Group's global fleet consisting of 69 ships.
Peristeri B.C.
Peristeri B.C. (Greek: K.A.E. Περιστέρι) is a Greek professional basketball club that is located in Peristeri, Greece, which is both a city and a suburb in the western part of the Athens agglomeration. The club's full name is Gymnastikos Syllogos Peristeriou K.A.E. (Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος Περιστερίου K.A.E.). It is a part of the G.S. Peristeri (Γ.Σ. Περιστερίου) multi-sports club. The club was founded on October 22, 1971.

The club's emblem is the dove symbol, and the club's team colors are yellow and blue. For the 2025–26 season, the team competes in the Greek Basketball League, which is the top-tier level league in Greece, as well as in the European-wide tertiary level competition, the FIBA Europe Cup.

G.S. Peristeri
G.S. Peristeri (Greek: Γ.Σ. Περιστερίου), full name, Gymnastikos Syllogos Peristeri (Greek: Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος Περιστερίου), is a Greek multi-sport club that is located in Peristeri, Greece. The club was founded on October 22, 1971. The club's emblem is the dove symbol, and the club's colors are yellow and blue.

The club has the following athletic departments: men's basketball, women's basketball, men's water polo, women's water polo, swimming, and synchronised swimming.
Kaʻiminaʻauao
Kaʻiminaʻauao (November 7, 1845 – November 10, 1848) was a Hawaiian high chiefess who was given in adoption to Queen Kalama and King Kamehameha III. She died of the measles at the age of three, during an epidemic of measles, whooping cough and influenza that killed more than 10,000 Native Hawaiians. Her elder brother and sister became King Kalākaua (who reigned from 1874 to 1891), and Queen Liliʻuokalani (who reigned as Hawaii's last monarch from 1891 to 1893).

Kalama
Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili (1817 – September 20, 1870) was a Queen consort of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi alongside her husband, Kauikeaouli, who reigned as King Kamehameha III. She chose the baptismal name Hakaleleponi after the Biblical figure Hazzelelponi. Her name Kalama means "the torch" in the Hawaiian language.
Electronic Dance Music Awards
The Electronic Dance Music Awards (also known as the EDMAs) is an annual music award event focusing across most all electronic dance music genres. The awards are given out across a variety of categories including Song of the Year in Dance, Tech, House and Bass genres, Best Male and Female Artist, Best Collaboration, Remix of the Year,  Best New Artist, Club DJ Of the Year, and Vocalist of the Year, among many others. The EDMAs are known as a star-studded affair, featuring a slew of leading DJs, music producers, international press and others comprising the industry's corps d'elite. The show is hosted by iHeart Radio personality, Radio Hall of Fame inductee, founder and executive producer Sean "Hollywood" Hamilton.

The EDMAs are regarded by many as one of the most prestigious and significant awards in the electronic music community worldwide. Winners are presented with an EDMA Deck Award with their names engraved on the decks. The most recent ceremony will be held on March 28, 2025.

2025 Electronic Dance Music Awards
The 2025 Electronic Dance Music Awards (also known as EDMAs) took place on March 28, 2025, at the Eden Roc Hotel during the height of Miami Music Week.

The event, once again counted with iHeart Media for their extensive coverage. Erin Webster returned as the ceremony host. The awards celebrated the best songs, artists, and festivals from the global electronic dance music scene of 2024, chosen by the public on EDMAs official website. Voting were officially open on February 24, 2025. The winners were revealed on March 24. Afrojack and Crystal Waters were announced as this years Icon Awards recipient, while Mike Weiss was honored with the Industry Achievement award, and Above & Beyond with the Legend Award.
Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (1899)
The Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (USDP; Ukrainian: Українська соціал-демократична партія, romanized: Ukrainska sotsial-demokratychna partiia) was a political party in Galicia. The party was founded in 1899 as an autonomous section of the Galician Social Democratic Party in Austrian Galicia and later became a separate party in 1907. The party was briefly in government during the brief Western Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919), before going into opposition. After the capture of Galicia by the Second Polish Republic, the party became part of the constitutional Ukrainian resistance to Polish rule before being banned and mostly being subsumed into other socialist movements.

Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia
Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia (Polish: Polska Partia Socjalno-Demokratyczna Galicji) was a political party in Galicia. The party was formed in 1890 as the Galician territorial organization of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Austria. In 1892 it took the name Social Democratic Party of Galicia (Galicyjska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna or Socjaldemokratyczna Partia Galicji). After a 1907 split, which led to the formation of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party, the word 'Polish' was added to the party name. It was also known as Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia and Cieszyn Silesia (Polska Partia Socjalno-Demokratyczna Galicji i Śląska Cieszyńskiego). From 1904 it closely worked with Polish Socialist Party, into which it was merged in 1919.