hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
U.S. Route 20 in Massachusetts
U.S. Route 20 (US 20) runs its easternmost 153 miles (246 km) in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The highway crosses the state border from New Lebanon, New York, into Hancock and runs eastward to Boston, where it ends at Route 2 in Kenmore Square. It spends the vast majority of its journey paralleling I-90 (Massachusetts Turnpike), which has largely superseded US 20 for through travel. Still, US 20 directly serves many towns and local business areas which the turnpike bypasses.

US 20 is currently the longest numbered highway in the entire country, at an estimated length of 3,365 miles (5,415 km) between Boston and Newport, Oregon.

Parts of US 20 between the Worcester and Boston areas are part of an alignment of the Boston Post Road, an early colonial highway designated in 1673 for carrying mail between New York City and Boston. US 20 is still locally known as the "Boston Post Road" in the towns of Northborough, Marlborough, Sudbury, Wayland, and Weston.

Massachusetts Route 2
Route 2 is a 142.29-mile-long (228.99 km) major east–west state highway in Massachusetts, United States. Along with Route 9 and U.S. Route 20 to the south, these highways are the main alternatives to the Massachusetts Turnpike/I-90 toll highway. Route 2 runs the entire length of the northern tier of Massachusetts, beginning at the New York border, where it connects with New York State Route 2, and ending near Boston Common in Boston. Older alignments of Route 2 are known as Route 2A.
Jean Donovan
Jean Marie Donovan (April 10, 1953 – December 2, 1980) was an American lay missionary who was beaten, raped, and murdered along with three fellow missionaries—Ita Ford, Maura Clarke and Dorothy Kazel—by members of the military of El Salvador in 1980.

Dorothy Kazel
Dorothy Kazel, OSU (June 30, 1939 – December 2, 1980), was an American Ursuline religious sister and missionary to El Salvador. On December 2, 1980, she was beaten, raped, and murdered along with three fellow missionaries – Maryknoll Sisters Ita Ford, Maura Clarke and laywoman Jean Donovan –  by members of the military of El Salvador.
General Post Office, Mumbai
The General Post Office, Mumbai, is the central post office of the city of Mumbai, India. The post office handles most of the city's inbound and outbound mail and parcels. Situated in the vicinity of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Mumbai General Post Office (GPO) is a paradigm of Indo-Saracenic architecture.

Mumbai GPO is one of the five Philatelic Bureaus in the country (others being Chennai GPO, Kolkata GPO, Parliament Street, and New Delhi GPO) that are authorised to sell the United Nations stamps.

General Post Office, Kolkata
The General Post Office, Kolkata is the central post office of the city of Kolkata, India, and the biggest post office of West Bengal. This post office was the first post office of India since 1727. The post office handles most of the city's inbound and outbound mail and parcels. Situated in the B. B. D. Bagh area, the imposing structure of the GPO is one of the landmarks in the city.

Kolkata GPO is one of the five Philatelic Bureaus in the country (others being Mumbai GPO, Chennai GPO, Parliament Street, and New Delhi GPO) that are authorised to sell the United Nations stamps.
Constitution of New York
The Constitution of the State of New York establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates the basic rights of the citizens of New York. Like most state constitutions in the United States, New York's constitution's provisions tend to be more detailed and amended more often than its federal counterpart. Because the history of the state constitution differs from the federal constitution, the New York Court of Appeals has seen fit to interpret analogous provisions differently from United States Supreme Court's interpretation of federal provisions.

New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.
Bill Bratt
William Amos Bratt MBE (born 1945) is an English insurance broker and former football club chairman who was the chair of Port Vale from 2003 to 2011.

After decades working in the insurance industry, Bratt turned his attention to his hometown, Port Vale, after the club faced dark times. Leading the 'Valiant 2001' supporter's trust, he gained control from the administrators and previous chairman Bill Bell in 2003. He then battled to steady the club's finances while advancing through the leagues. Though the team fared poorly on the pitch throughout his reign, falling to the bottom tier of the Football League, he managed to keep the club afloat financially, though still the club continued to lose money. He left the club after fan protests against his chairmanship.

Bill Bell (businessman)
William Thomas Bell (21 January 1932 – 12 February 2013) was an English businessman and football club chairman who was the chair of Port Vale from 1987 to 2002. He spent the first twelve years at the club in partnership with manager John Rudge, until he controversially sacked Rudge in January 1999. As chairman, he concentrated his efforts on renovating and modernising Vale Park at great financial cost. However, the money for his ambitious projects dried up with his decision to axe Rudge, and he left the club in December 2002 when Port Vale entered administration.
Şehzade Ahmed (son of Bayezid II)
Şehzade Ahmed (Ottoman Turkish: احمد; c. 1466 – 24 April 1513) was a Şehzade (prince) of the Ottoman Empire, the eldest surviving son of Sultan Bayezid II. He fought against his younger brother, Selim, in the Ottoman Civil War of 1509–1513 to succeed their father, and was a central figure in the Şahkulu rebellion. Ahmed ultimately lost the war against his brother, and was executed by Selim's order after the latter usurped the throne.

Bayezid II
Bayezid II (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد ثانى, romanized: Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Bayezid; 3 December 1447/1448 – 26 May 1512) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a pro-Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain following the fall of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.
Domenico Ghirlandaio
Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi (2 June 1448 – 11 January 1494), professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio (also spelt as Ghirlandajo), was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Florence. Ghirlandaio was part of the so-called "third generation" of the Florentine Renaissance, along with Verrocchio, the Pollaiolo brothers and Sandro Botticelli.

Ghirlandaio led a large and efficient workshop that included his brothers  Davide Ghirlandaio and Benedetto Ghirlandaio, his brother-in-law Bastiano Mainardi from San Gimignano, and later his son Ridolfo Ghirlandaio. Many apprentices passed through Ghirlandaio's workshop, including Michelangelo.

His particular talent lay in his ability to posit depictions of contemporary life and portraits of contemporary people within the context of religious narratives, bringing him great popularity and many large commissions.: 286

Benedetto Ghirlandaio
Benedetto Ghirlandaio (1458–1497) was an Italian (Florentine) painter.  His brothers Davide Ghirlandaio (1452–1525) and Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494) were both painters, as was his nephew Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (1483–1561). From 1486 until 1493 he was active in France, where survives his only extant signed painting, an altarpiece of the Nativity at Nôtre-Dame in Aigueperse (Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne). Benedetto died in Florence on 17 July 1497.
Air Combat (arcade game)
Air Combat is a 1993 combat flight simulator arcade video game developed and published by Namco. The arcade game was released in 1993 for the polygon-powered Namco System 21 arcade hardware, and received praise for its 3D graphics and technological capabilities. The game was a commercial success at Japanese and American arcades in the 1990s, and inspired several later Namco games, including the arcade sequel Air Combat 22, the PlayStation game Air Combat, and the Ace Combat series.

Air Combat 22
Air Combat 22 is a 1995 combat fight simulator video game released by Namco for arcades. It is the sequel to Namco's 1993 arcade game Air Combat. Its name comes from it running on Namco's Super System 22 hardware. It was released as both a dedicated deluxe arcade cabinet, and as an arcade conversion kit for Air Combat.

On July 3, 2025, the game was re-released for the first time by Hamster Corporation as part of the Arcade Archives series for the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4, as well as the Arcade Archives 2 series for the Nintendo Switch 2, PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S.
Phenformin
Phenformin is an antidiabetic drug from the biguanide class. It was marketed as DBI by Ciba-Geigy, but was withdrawn from most markets in the late 1970s due to a high risk of lactic acidosis, which was fatal in 50% of cases.

Phenformin was developed in 1957 by Ungar, Freedman and Seymour Shapiro, working for the U.S. Vitamin Corporation. Clinical trials begun in 1958 showed it to be effective, but with gastrointestinal side effects.

Biguanide
Biguanide (/baɪˈɡwɒnaɪd/) is the organic compound with the formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2.  It is a colorless solid that dissolves in water to give a highly basic solution.  These solutions slowly hydrolyse to ammonia and urea.
Ronald Lockett
Ronald Lockett (1965–1998) was an American visual artist, combining painting with three dimensional objects. “Lockett's primary artistic mentor” was the painter Thornton Dial, his cousin. In describing his work, Holland wrote of the influences of “blackness in relation to HIV/AIDS, LGBT life, nationalism, and the racial implications of terms such as "outsider," "self-taught," and "folk" in American art”. His work has been shown in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Ackland Art Museum, and The American Folk Art Museum.

Thornton Dial
Thornton Dial (28 September 1928 – 25 January 2016) was a pioneering American artist who came to prominence in the late 1980s. Dial's body of work exhibits formal variety through expressive, densely composed assemblages of found materials, often executed on a monumental scale. His range of subjects embraces a broad sweep of history, from human rights to natural disasters and current events. Dial's works are widely held in American museums; ten of Dial's works were acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2014.
Steamboat Rock (Garden of the Gods)
Steamboat Rock is a rock formation in the Garden of the Gods in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  It is easily accessible by paved road and is a popular spot for tourist photography.  The rock was once privately owned, and tourists climbed upon the rock for photographs of it and nearby Balanced Rock. Climbing upon the rock is now prohibited.  While the handrails were removed in the 1970s, the stairs leading up the spine of the formation are still visible.

Steamboat Rock in the 1950s when tourists were allowed to climb on the rock

Steps on the rock where tourists used to be allowed to climb

Steamboat and Balanced Rocks together are a popular photography location for tourists

Garden of the Gods
Garden of the Gods (Arapaho: Ho3o’uu Niitko’usi’i) is a 1,341.3-acre (542.8 ha) public park located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. 862 acres (349 ha) of the park was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1971.
Mouse Davis
Darrel "Mouse" Davis (born September 6, 1932) is a retired American football coach and former player. A veteran coach at the high school, college, and professional levels, he last coached with Jerry Glanville at Portland State University and with June Jones at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Davis served as the head football coach at Portland State from 1975 to 1980, compiling a record of 42–24. He has also been a head coach with the Denver Gold of the United States Football League (1985), the New York/New Jersey Knights of the World League of American Football (1991–1992), and the Detroit Fury of the Arena Football League (2001–2002) and the San Diego Riptide (2003) of the AF2. A native of Washington, Davis grew up in Oregon, where he started his coaching career as a high school football coach. Davis is now widely regarded as the 'godfather' of the run and shoot offense.

June Jones
June Sheldon Jones III (born February 19, 1953) is an American football coach and former player who was most recently the offensive coordinator of the Seattle Sea Dragons. Jones was the head football coach at the University of Hawaii at Manoa from 1999 to 2007, and was the head football coach at Southern Methodist University (SMU) from 2008 until he resigned on September 8, 2014. He coached in the National Football League (NFL) for three years as head coach of the Atlanta Falcons from 1994 to 1996, plus a ten-game stint as interim head coach of the San Diego Chargers in 1998; he also spent 1+1⁄2 seasons as head coach of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Jones was the general manager and head coach of the Houston Roughnecks.

Jones played professionally as a quarterback in the NFL and CFL. He played college football with the Oregon Ducks, Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and Portland State Vikings.
Damasi, Larissa
Damasi (Greek: Δαμάσι, Greek pronunciation: [ða'masi]) is a village and a community of the Tyrnavos municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Tyrnavos. The community of Damasi covers an area of 143.35 km2. In the territory of Damasi lies the site of the ancient city of Phalanna.

Tyrnavos
Tyrnavos (Greek: Τύρναβος, romanized: Týrnavos) is a town and a municipality in the Larissa regional unit of the Thessaly region of Greece. According to the 2021 census, the municipality has a population of 22,280, of whom 11,210 live within the town of Tyrnavos, making it the second-largest town in the regional unit. The river Titarisios, a tributary of the Pineios, flows through the town.
Patten (shoe)
Pattens, also known by other names, are protective overshoes that were worn in Europe from the Middle Ages until the early 20th century. In appearance, they sometimes resembled contemporary clogs or sandals. Pattens were worn outdoors over a normal shoe, had a wooden or later wood and metal sole, and were held in place by leather or cloth bands. Pattens functioned to elevate the foot above the ground, to protect leather shoes from water, snow or mud. Women continued to wear pattens in muddy conditions until the 19th or even early 20th century.

Clog
Clogs are a type of footwear that has a thick, rigid sole typically made of wood, although in American English, shoes with rigid soles made of other materials are also called clogs.

Traditional clogs remain in use as protective footwear in agriculture and in some factories and mines. Although they are sometimes negatively associated with cheap and folkloric footwear of farmers and the working class, some types are considered fashion wear today, such as Swedish träskor or Japanese geta.

Clogs are also used in several different styles of dance, where an important feature is the sound they produce against the floor. Clog dancing is one of the fundamental roots of tap dancing, but with tap shoes the taps are free to click against each other and produce a different sound from clogs. Many modern brands produce clogs, most famously the American company Crocs.
Sea angel
Sea angels (clade Gymnosomata) are a large group of small free-swimming sea slugs, classified into six separate families. They are pelagic opisthobranchs in the clade Gymnosomata within the larger mollusc clade Heterobranchia. Sea angels were previously considered to be pteropods.

Sea angels are also sometimes known as "sea butterflies" but this is potentially misleading because the family Clionidae is just one of the families within this clade, and the term "sea butterfly" is also applied to the shelled Thecosomata.

Recent molecular data suggest the Gymnosomata form a sister group to the Thecosomata (other planktonic, weakly or nonmineralized gastropods), but this long-standing hypothesis has also had some recent detractors.

Sea butterfly
The Thecosomata (collective/plural: thecosomes, from Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē), meaning "case", and σῶμα (sôma), meaning "body"), or sea butterflies, are a taxonomic suborder of small, pelagic, free-swimming sea snails known as holoplanktonic opisthobranch gastropod mollusks, in the order Pteropoda (also included within the informal group Opisthobranchia). Most pteropods have some form of calcified shell, although it is often very light, even translucent.

The sea butterflies include some of the world's most abundant gastropod species; as their large numbers are an essential part of the ocean food chain, they are a significant contributor to the oceanic carbon cycle.
Pictures of Fidelman
Pictures of Fidelman: An Exhibition is the fifth published novel of Bernard Malamud. It is a novel in the form of a short story cycle, which gathers six stories dealing with Arthur Fidelman, an art student from the Bronx who travels to Italy, initially to research Giotto, but also with the hopes of becoming a painter. It was published in 1969 and includes stories from Malamud's earlier collections The Magic Barrel (1958) and Idiots First (1963), plus two previously uncollected stories and one previously unpublished story.

The Magic Barrel
The Magic Barrel is a 1958 collection of thirteen short stories written by Bernard Malamud and published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Also,  the Jewish Publication Society released its own edition at the same time. It won the 1959 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. It was also Malamud's debut collection of stories.
Kaikuzi
Kaikuzi or Kayikuuzi is a character in the Gandan creation myth, The Legend of Kintu. He is the son of Ggulu. His name is translated as "the digger." He is responsible for attempting to rid the Earth of Walumbe, meaning "death" or "disease."

Kintu
Kintu is a mythological figure who appears in a creation myth of the people of Buganda, Uganda. According to this legend, Kintu was the first person on earth, and the first Muganda.

Kintu, meaning "thing" in Bantu languages, is also commonly attached to the name Muntu, the legendary figure who founded the Gisu and Bukusu tribes.
Tacuarembó Department
Tacuarembó (Spanish pronunciation: [takwaɾemˈbo]) is the largest department of Uruguay and it is part of its northern region. Its capital is Tacuarembó. It borders Rivera Department to its north and east, the departments of Salto, Paysandú and Río Negro to its west and has the river Río Negro flowing along its south border, separating it from the departments of Durazno and Cerro Largo.

Paysandú Department
Paysandú Department (Spanish pronunciation: [pajsanˈdu]) is a department of the northwestern region of Uruguay. It has an area of 13,922 km2 (5,375 sq mi) and a population of 121,843. Its capital is the city of Paysandú. It borders Salto Department to its north, Tacuarembó Department to its east, Río Negro Department to its south and has the Río Uruguay flowing at its west, separating it from Argentina.

The origin of its name is debated but is likely to be of Charrúa origin.
George Buckley (economist)
George Buckley FAcSS is a British economist, currently serving as Chair of the Society of Professional Economists (SPE). He is also Chief European Economist and Executive Director at Nomura. Buckley's work primarily focuses on macroeconomics, political analysis, and financial markets.

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
Pierre Yvert
Pierre Yvert (30 September 1900 – 13 January 1964) was a French philatelic editor. Son of Louis Yvert, one of Yvert et Tellier's founders, he was manager of magazine L'Écho de la timbrologie and of many philatelic associations.

Louis Yvert
Louis Yvert (born 24 June 1866 in Paris and died 17 April 1950 in Amiens) was the co-founder of French philatelic publisher Yvert et Tellier with printer Théodule Tellier, from the family-printing company established in the 1830s by his grandfather, legitimist journalist Eugène Yvert.
Marne (river)
The Marne (/mɑːrn/; French pronunciation: [maʁn] ⓘ) is a river in France, an eastern tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris. It is 514 kilometres (319 mi) long. The river gave its name to the departments of Haute-Marne, Marne, Seine-et-Marne, and Val-de-Marne.

The Marne starts in the Langres plateau, runs generally north then bends west between Saint-Dizier and Châlons-en-Champagne, joining the Seine at Charenton just upstream from Paris. Its main tributaries are the Rognon, the Blaise, the Saulx, the Ourcq, the Petit Morin and the Grand Morin.

Near the town of Saint-Dizier, part of the flow is diverted through the artificial Lake Der-Chantecoq. This ensures both flood prevention and the maintenance of minimum river flows in periods of drought.

The Marne is famous as the site of two eponymous battles during World War I. The first battle was a turning point of the war, fought in 1914. The second battle was fought four years later, in 1918.

Ourcq
The Ourcq (French: [uʁk] ⓘ, Urc in 855) is an 86.5-kilometre-long (53.7 mi) river in France, a right tributary of the Marne. Its source is near the village Ronchères, and its course crosses the departments of Aisne, Oise, and Seine-et-Marne. It flows southwest through the towns of Fère-en-Tardenois, La Ferté-Milon, Mareuil-sur-Ourcq, and Crouy-sur-Ourcq, finally flowing into the Marne near Lizy-sur-Ourcq. Napoleon I made use of the river as a water source, and it supplied the city of Paris until Baron Haussmann's rebuilding of Paris.
Les Misères de l'aiguille
Les Misères de l'aiguille or Miseries of the Needle is an anarchist and feminist film released in 1914, directed by Raphaël Clamour and produced by Le Cinéma du Peuple. Focusing on the condition of women and the situation of female workers, it is likely the first feminist film in history.

The anarchist cooperative that produced it explicitly called for the emancipation of women and encouraged the audience to become politically engaged on the issue. Furthermore, the film sought to highlight the material, moral, and social issues affecting women. Featuring Musidora in the central role, this marks her first role in a film. Published eight years before La Souriante madame Beudet by Germaine Dulac, the film was later rediscovered by historians and restored in 2020 by the Cinémathèque.

La Souriante Madame Beudet
La Souriante Madame Beudet (The Smiling Madame Beudet) is a short French impressionist silent film made in 1923, directed by pioneering avant-garde cinema director Germaine Dulac. It stars Germaine Dermoz as Madame Beudet and Alexandre Arquillière as Monsieur Beudet. It is considered by many to be one of the first truly "feminist" films. It tells the story of an intelligent woman trapped in a loveless marriage.