hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wrasse Records
Wrasse Records is a British record label based in Ashtead, Surrey. It was started in 1998 by Ian and Jo Ashbridge. Both had been involved in the music industry prior to them starting up their own company. Its offices are based in the UK, but it distributes its CDs all around the world. In 2005, it licensed most of Universal Music's world music releases for distribution in the United States and the UK.

Wrasse Records specializes in world music, with artists such as Fela Kuti, Rachid Taha, Ismael Lo, Souad Massi, Angélique Kidjo, K'naan and Pink Martini.

Wrasse recording artist Seu Jorge appeared in the film The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (released November 2004), performing songs onscreen and on the official soundtrack album (released by a different label). This drew attention to Jorge and sparked sales of his coincident (September 2004) album Cru, helping to draw attention to the Wrasse label.

Humphead Records is an associated label specializing in country music.

K'naan
Keinan Abdi Warsame (Somali: Keynaan Cabdi Warsame; born 1 February 1978), known professionally as K'naan (/ˈkeɪnɑːn/ KAY-nahn), is a Somali-Canadian rapper, singer-songwriter and filmmaker. He rose to international fame after releasing the single "Wavin' Flag", which was chosen as Coca-Cola's promotional anthem for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Besides hip hop, K'naan's sound is influenced by elements of Somali music and world music. A Grammy Award-winning artist and FIPRESCI Prize-winning director, he is also involved in various philanthropic initiatives.
Marquess of Comillas
Marquess of Comillas (Spanish: Marqués de Comillas) is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee. On 3 July 1878, the title Marquess of Comillas was granted to Antonio López y López by the King Alfonso XII, in recognition of his contribution to the town of Comillas in northern Spain. The title recalls the name of his hometown.

The first Marquess of Comillas built a gothic palace in Comillas in 1888. Its architect was Joan Martorell, renowned Catalan architect. The Palace of Sobrellano, as it is known, was the first building in Spain to make use of electrical lighting, patented by Thomas Edison a year before its construction.

The current marquesses of Comillas are also the Counts of Güell. The third marquess was also the 2nd Count of Güel and the 6th Count of Ruiseñada .

Antonio López, 1st Marquess of Comillas
Antonio López y López, 1st Marquess of Comillas, GE (1817 in Comillas – 1883 in Barcelona), was a Spanish businessman, slave trader and shipping magnate. He was the founder of several important companies and one of the world's wealthiest individuals in the second half of the nineteenth century.

After his death, his son Claudio López Bru took over the responsibility of running the companies his father had founded.
Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston
The Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) is an art museum and exhibition space located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The museum was founded as the Boston Museum of Modern Art in 1936. Since then it has gone through multiple name changes as well as moving its galleries and support spaces over 13 times. Its current home was built in 2006 in the South Boston Seaport District and designed by architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro.

Diller Scofidio + Renfro
Diller Scofidio + Renfro is an American interdisciplinary design studio which integrates architecture, the visual arts, and the performing arts. Based in New York City, the studio was founded by architects Elizabeth Diller and Ricardo Scofidio in 1981. Charles Renfro joined in 1997, and was named partner in 2004. Benjamin Gilmartin became the firm's fourth partner in 2015.

The studio's international body of work includes notable examples of urban landscape design, such as the High Line in New York and Zaryadye Park in Moscow; institutional buildings, including museums such as The Broad and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum; and various installations, exhibitions, and performance projects.
Object point
Object points are an approach used in software development effort estimation under some models such as COCOMO II.

Object points are a way of estimating effort size, similar to source lines of code (SLOC) or function points.  They are not necessarily related to objects in object-oriented programming, the objects referred to include screens, reports, and modules of the language.  The number of raw objects and complexity of each are estimated and a weighted total Object-Point count is then computed and used to base estimates of the effort needed.

COCOMO
The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is a parametric software cost estimation model developed by Barry W. Boehm. The model parameters are derived from fitting a regression formula using data from historical projects (63 projects for COCOMO 81 and 161 projects for COCOMO II).
Battle of Nieuwpoort
The Battle of Nieuwpoort (also known as the Battle of the Dunes) was fought on 2 July 1600 during the Eighty Years War and the Anglo-Spanish war in the dunes near Nieuwpoort. A Dutch army met a Spanish force head-on which, although their left flank nearly broke, were able to assail them with both infantry and cavalry. The Spanish gradually scattered in all directions and left their guns on the field.

Nieuwpoort, Belgium
Nieuwpoort (/ˈnjuːpɔːrt/ NEW-port, Dutch: [ˈniupoːrt] ⓘ; West Flemish: Nieuwpôort; French: Nieuport [njøpɔʁ]) is a city and municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, in the province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the town of Nieuwpoort proper, as well as Ramskapelle and Sint-Joris. On 1 January 2008, Nieuwpoort had a total population of 11,062. Its land area is 31.00 km² which gives a population density of 350 inhabitants per km².

In Nieuwpoort, the Yser flows into the North Sea. It was also the home of a statue created by Jan Fabre called Searching for Utopia. The Stadshalle Grain Hall (market hall) with its belfry was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, owing to its historical civic (not religious) importance and its architecture.
Acanthizidae
Acanthizidae—sometimes called Australian warblers—are a family of passerine birds which includes gerygones, thornbills Acanthiza, and scrubwrens Sericornis. The family Acanthizidae consists of small to medium passerine birds, with a total length varying between 8 and 19 centimetres (3.1 and 7.5 in). They have short rounded wings, slender bills, long legs, and a short tail. Most species have olive, grey, or brown plumage, although some have patches of a brighter yellow. The weebill is the smallest species of acanthizid, and the smallest Australian passerine; the largest is the pilotbird.

Gerygone
Gerygone (/dʒəˈrɪɡəni/), the gerygones or peep-warblers, is a genus of bird in the family Acanthizidae.  The genus ranges from Southeast Asia through New Guinea and Australia to New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. Most of the species are found in Australia and New Guinea; only one, the golden-bellied gerygone, has managed to cross Wallace's Line and colonise as far as Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines.

Gerygones are insectivores which obtain most of their food by gleaning and snatching in the foliage of trees and bushes. They are small, mostly weighing an average of 6–7 g, and show little variation in size across their range, except for the insular Chatham Islands gerygone, which is nearly twice as large as the rest of the genus.

Their songs are described as "simple but delightful", many descending in pitch, and some species are excellent mimics.  "Gerygone" means "born of sound" (Magrath 2003).
Bruce Donald
Bruce Randall Donald (born 1958) is an American computer scientist and computational biologist. He is the James B. Duke Professor of Computer Science and Biochemistry at Duke University. He has made numerous contributions to several fields in Computer Science such as robotics, Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), Geometric & physical algorithms and computational geometry, as well as in areas of Structural Molecular Biology & Biochemistry such as Protein design, Protein Structure Determination and Computational Chemistry.

James B. Duke Professor
At Duke University, the title of James B. Duke Distinguished Professor is given to a small number of the faculty with extraordinary records of achievement. At some universities, titles like "distinguished professor", "institute professor", or "regents professor" are counterparts of this title. Two Nobel laureates (Robert Lefkowitz and Paul L. Modrich) served as James B. Duke Professors, and another, Ingrid Daubechies received the National Medal of Science.
Portugal national beach soccer team
The Portugal national beach soccer team represents Portugal in international beach soccer competitions, and is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), the governing body for Portuguese football. The team has participated in 20 of the 23 editions of the Beach Soccer World Cup (organised by FIFA since 2005), and its best results are three victories in 2001 (Costa do Sauípe, Brazil), 2015 (Espinho, Portugal), and 2019 (Luque, Paraguay). Alongside Brazil, Portugal is the only team to have won the world title before and after FIFA assumed the government of beach soccer worldwide. In European competitions, Portugal is record holder of titles.

2001 Beach Soccer World Championships
The 2001 Beach Soccer World Championships was the seventh edition of the Beach Soccer World Championships, the most prestigious competition in international beach soccer contested by men's national teams until 2005, when the competition was then replaced by the second iteration of a world cup in beach soccer, the better known FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. It was organised by Brazilian sports agency Koch Tavares (one of the founding partners of Beach Soccer Worldwide).

For the first time since its establishment in 1995, the tournament took place outside of the sport's native home of Rio de Janeiro and instead was hosted at the resort of Costa do Sauipe, in the state of Bahia, approximately 70km north of the major city of Salvador.

It was also the first time that hosts and six-time defending champions Brazil did not win the championships, finishing in fourth, as Portugal beat France in the final to claim their first title.
Algebraically closed field
In mathematics, a field F is algebraically closed if every non-constant polynomial with coefficients in F has a root in F. In other words, a field is algebraically closed if the fundamental theorem of algebra holds for it.  For example, the field of real numbers is not algebraically closed because the polynomial  has no real roots, while the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.

Every field  is contained in an algebraically closed field  and the roots in  of the polynomials with coefficients in  form an algebraically closed field called an algebraic closure of  Given two algebraic closures of  there are isomorphisms between them that fix the elements of

Algebraically closed fields appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields

Fundamental theorem of algebra
The fundamental theorem of algebra, also called d'Alembert's theorem or the d'Alembert–Gauss theorem, states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. This includes polynomials with real coefficients, since every real number is a complex number with its imaginary part equal to zero.

Equivalently (by definition), the theorem states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.

The theorem is also stated as follows: every non-zero, single-variable, degree n polynomial with complex coefficients has, counted with multiplicity, exactly n complex roots. The equivalence of the two statements can be proven through the use of successive polynomial division.

Despite its name, it is not fundamental for modern algebra; it was named when algebra was synonymous with the theory of equations. Additionally, the theorem cannot be proven in Algebra;  higher-level mathematics is required to prove the theorem.
Mehdi Zaheer
Mehdi Zaheer (1927 – 5 April 1988) was a Paksitani musician, singer, poet, and radio producer. He is best known for singing Hum Mustfvi Hein, composing music for Faiz Ahmed Faiz's ghazal Dasht-e-Tanhai (sung by Iqbal Bano), and writing Ahmed Rushdi's song Bandar Road Se Kemari.

Dasht-e-Tanhai
Dasht-e-Tanhai (Urdu: دشت تنہائی) is a popular Urdu Nazm with the title "Yaad". It was written by Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Originally composed by Mehdi Zaheer for Iqbal Bano, a premier Pakistani ghazal and semi-classical singer, it was later sung by Tina Sani and Meesha Shafi (Coke Studio).
LNER Class A4 4496 Dwight D Eisenhower
60008 Dwight D Eisenhower is an LNER Class A4 steam locomotive named after Dwight D. Eisenhower, a General of the United States Army.

Built for the London & North Eastern Railway in 1937, this locomotive was originally numbered 4496 and named Golden Shuttle.  It was renamed Dwight D. Eisenhower after World War II and renumbered 8 on 23 November 1946, under Edward Thompson's LNER 1946 renumbering scheme. After nationalisation in 1948, British Railways renumbered it 60008 on 29 October 1948. It was retired from service in 1963 and was moved to the National Railroad Museum in Ashwaubenon, a suburb of Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States, where it is currently on display. It returned to England in 2012 for display at the National Railway Museum in York, when all surviving A4s were reunited. It returned to Green Bay in 2014.

LNER Class A4 4489 Dominion of Canada
4489 Dominion of Canada is an LNER Class A4 steam locomotive. It is a 4-6-2 locomotive built to the same design by Sir Nigel Gresley as the more famous Mallard. There were 35 A4 locomotives built in total. Originally numbered 4489, it was renumbered 10 on 10 May 1946, under the LNER 1946 renumbering scheme of Edward Thompson and, after nationalisation in 1948, British Railways added 60000 to its number so it became 60010 on 27 October 1948. It was renumbered back to 4489 following a cosmetic restoration at the National Railway Museum in York during late 2012 and early 2013.
Ian McAteer
Ian Douglas McAteer (born November 1961) is a Scottish former gangster who was a prominent figure in the Glasgow and Liverpool criminal underworlds during the later 20th century. McAteer accumulated various convictions, and in 2001 was sentenced to life for the 1999 murder of a gangland associate; he had been acquitted of a previous murder charge in 1998. McAteer was a suspect in other crimes, including the 1999 murder of television presenter Jill Dando.

Paul Ferris (Scottish writer)
Paul John Ferris (born 10 November 1963) is a Scottish author and organised crime figure. Ferris was an enforcer for Glasgow "Godfather" Arthur Thompson in the early 1980s. Known for his ruthlessness and extreme violence, he rose to a prominent position in the city's criminal underworld.

He served a prison sentence for weapons possession in 1984 and believed he had been betrayed by the Thompsons. In 1991 Thompson's son, Arthur Jr, was shot dead. Ferris was charged with his murder and subsequently found not guilty after what was the longest criminal trial in Scottish history at that time. He was imprisoned again from 1998 to 2002 for trading in firearms and possessing explosives. Ferris was also involved in a long-running feud with Tam McGraw.

His first book was published in 2001 while he was in prison. Since his release he has written three more books about crime, and has been involved in the security industry.
Thermal stress
In mechanics and thermodynamics, thermal stress is mechanical stress created by any change in temperature of a material. These stresses can lead to fracturing or plastic deformation depending on the other variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things that can lead to thermal stress. This type of stress is highly dependent on the thermal expansion coefficient which varies from material to material. In general, the greater the temperature change, the higher the level of stress that can occur. Thermal shock can result from a rapid change in temperature, resulting in cracking or shattering.

Thermal shock
Thermal shock is a type of thermal stress caused by a sudden change in temperature. It is a common mode of failure when a hot meets cold, such as pouring boiling water in a cold glass, causing it to shatter. Large temperature differentials act as type of mechanical load, producing strain across the material. The load is caused by the different parts of the material expanding differently at their respective temperatures, resulting in internal strain. When the strain exceeds the tensile strength of the material, it causes mechanical failure of the material, resulting in fracture and potential structural failure.
Siege of Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle
The siege of Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle (吉田郡山城の戦い, Yoshida-Kōriyama-jō no tatakai) took place from 5 October 1540 (6th day of 9th month of Tenbun 9) until 8 February 1541 (13th day of 1st month of Tenbun 10) in Yoshida, Aki Province, Japan during the Sengoku period. Amago Haruhisa, with 30,000 men, attacked Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle, which belonged to Mōri Motonari and was defended by 8,000 men. When the Ōuchi clan sent an army under the command of Sue Harukata to relieve the siege, the Amago were forced to leave.

Mōri Motonari
Mōri Motonari (毛利 元就; April 16, 1497 – July 6, 1571) was a prominent daimyō (feudal lord) in the western Chūgoku region of Japan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. The Mōri clan claimed descent from Ōe no Hiromoto (大江広元), an adviser to Minamoto no Yoritomo. Motonari was called the "Beggar Prince". He was known as a great strategist who began as a small local warlord (jizamurai) of Aki Province and extended his clan's power to nearly all of the Chūgoku region through war, marriage, adoption and assassination.

Sandwiched between the powerful Amago and Ōuchi clans, Motonari led his clan by carefully balancing actions and diplomacy. Eventually, Motonari succeeded in defeating both and controlled the entire Chūgoku region. In his later years, he crushed the Ōtomo clan of Bungo Province in Kyūshū. Motonari ruled from Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle, the clan's main bastion since the early 14th century. His descendants became lords of the Chōshū Domain.
Lecideales
The Lecideales are an order of lichenized fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. The order contains two families: the Lecideaceae, which contains 29 genera and about 260 species, and Lopadiaceae, which contains the single genus Lopadium of 10 species. According to Alan Fryday and colleagues in the Revisions of British and Irish Lichens series, "It seems clear that Lopadiaceae does not belong in Lecideales but its true systematic position is unclear."

Lopadium (lichen)
Lopadium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Lopadiaceae, which is in the order Lecideales. The genus contains 12 species. These lichens form thin, crust-like growths made up of fine granules or tiny scale-like flakes and produce small, stalkless disc-shaped reproductive structures that are distinctly narrowed at the base, giving them a pinched appearance. Distinguished by their unusual spore-producing sacs that contain only a single large ascospore instead of the typical eight, Lopadium species typically colonize decaying plant matter, moss cushions, or bark in cool, humid environments and can be identified microscopically by their unbranched paraphyses with distinctive dark brown swollen tips.
The Woman in Black (Hill novel)
The Woman in Black is a 1983 gothic horror novel by English writer Susan Hill about a mysterious spectre that haunts a small English town. A television film adaptation with a screenplay by Nigel Kneale, was produced in 1989. In 2012, another film adaptation was released starring Daniel Radcliffe.

The book has also been adapted into a stage play by Stephen Mallatratt. The original London production ran 13,232 performances and is the second longest-running play in the history of the West End, after The Mousetrap.

Hill has acknowledged that the story was inspired by Henry James's novella The Turn Of The Screw, in particular the following description of the drowned governess:

"...a figure of quite as unmistakable horror and evil: a woman in black, pale and dreadful — with such an air also, and such a face! — on the other side of the lake."

The Woman in Black (1989 film)
The Woman in Black is a 1989 British horror drama television film directed by Herbert Wise and starring Adrian Rawlins, Bernard Hepton, David Daker and Pauline Moran. The teleplay is adapted from the 1983 novel of the same name by Susan Hill. It focuses on a young solicitor who is sent to a coastal English village to settle the estate of a reclusive widow, and finds the town haunted.

The programme was produced by Central Independent Television for ITV, and premiered on Christmas Eve 1989. It was an unexpected success, though author Susan Hill reportedly disagreed with some of the slight changes screenwriter Nigel Kneale made in the adaptation.

Another film version, starring Daniel Radcliffe, was released in 2012.
Krylos
Krylos is a village of Ivano-Frankivsk Raion in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 5 kilometres (3 miles) south of modern Halych and is part of the Ancient Halych National Reserve. The village covers an area of 19.18 square kilometres (7.41 square miles). The village council consists of 16 people. Krylos belongs to Halych urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Ancient Halych
Ancient Halych (Ukrainian: Національний заповідник
«Давній Галич», romanized: "Davnii Halych") is the National Architecture-Historical Reserve located in the western Ukrainian settlements of Halych, Krylos, Shevchenkove, Bilshivtsi, and Zalukva. The site includes landmarks of 11th–17th centuries in ancient Halych and its surroundings. The reserve was created on 8 February 1994.
Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter
Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Devon (c. 1498 – 9 December 1538), feudal baron of Okehampton, feudal baron of Plympton, of Tiverton Castle, Okehampton Castle and Colcombe Castle all in Devon, was a grandson of King Edward IV, nephew of the queen consort, Elizabeth of York and a first cousin of King Henry VIII.

Henry Courtenay was a close friend of Henry VIII, having "been brought up of a child with his grace in his chamber". After initially supporting the dissolution of the monasteries and helping suppress protests, he became convinced against the cruelty of the measures and the new religion; he was executed under Henry for corresponding with Cardinal Pole.

Reginald Pole
Reginald Pole (12 March 1500 – 17 November 1558) was an English cardinal and the last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, holding the office from 1556 to 1558 during the Marian Restoration of Catholicism.