hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schanze
A schanze (German: [ˈʃantsə] ⓘ) is, according to the specialist terminology of German fortification construction, an independent fieldwork that is frequently used in the construction of temporary (not permanent) field fortifications. The word is German and has no direct English equivalent, although the word sconce is derived from Dutch schans, which is cognate to the German word.

In everyday German speech, however, it is commonplace to refer to  permanent fortifications as Schanzen, because in many places in times of war, fieldworks that were only temporarily thrown up were later turned into permanent fortifications.

Sconce (fortification)
A sconce is a small protective fortification, such as an earthwork, often placed on a mound as a defensive work for artillery. It was used primarily in Northern Europe from the late Middle Ages until the 19th century. This type of fortification was common during the English Civil War, and the remains of one such structure can be seen on Fort Royal Hill in Worcester, England.

During the Eighty Years' War for Dutch independence, the sconces (schans in Dutch) were often used to defend strategic places, but were used also during sieges and in circumvallations. Several more or less intact sconces remain in the Netherlands.

The Zaanse Schans, one of the top tourist locations in the Netherlands, derived its name from its original function as a sconce. Sconces played a major part in the Serbian Revolution, countering the numerical superiority of the Turkish army. Most notable cases are the battles at Mišar, Deligrad and Čegar.
The Night's Dawn Trilogy
British author Peter F. Hamilton's The Night's Dawn Trilogy consists of three science fiction novels: The Reality Dysfunction (1996), The Neutronium Alchemist (1997), and The Naked God (1999). A collection of short stories, A Second Chance at Eden, shares the same universe, and The Confederation Handbook documents that universe in non-fiction style.

The Reality Dysfunction
The Reality Dysfunction is a science fiction novel by British writer Peter F. Hamilton, the first book in The Night's Dawn Trilogy. It is followed by The Neutronium Alchemist and The Naked God. It was first published in the United Kingdom by Macmillan Publishers on 26 January 1996. The first US edition, which was broken into two volumes, Emergence and Expansion (the UK paperback is not), followed in July and August 1997 from Time Warner Books. The second US edition, published by Orbit Books in October 2008, is published in a single volume.

In some countries, the paperback editions were split into two (Germany and the United States), three (France) or four volumes (Italy and Portugal) per book. Usually the first volume is a translation of "Emergence".
Naru Shinoya
Naru Shinoya (篠谷 菜留, Shinoya Naru; born 18 March 1994) is a former Japanese badminton player affiliated with the NTT East team. She is a bronze medalist in mixed doubles at the 2021 World Championships. Shinoya achieved a career-high world ranking of No. 13 in mixed doubles with partner Kyohei Yamashita in December 2022. She retired from professional competition in December 2024 and was appointed as the women's doubles coach for NTT East in April 2025.

Kyohei Yamashita
Kyohei Yamashita (山下 恭平, Yamashita Kyōhei; born 12 October 1998) is a Japanese badminton player who competes in doubles events. He is a former member of the Japanese national team and plays for the NTT East team.

Yamashita won a bronze medal in mixed doubles at the 2021 World Championships with partner Naru Shinoya. After Shinoya retired in 2024, Yamashita shifted his focus to men's doubles, partnering Hiroki Midorikawa. The pair finished as runners-up at the 2026 India Open (Super 750) and won four International Challenge/Series titles between 2019 and 2024. Yamashita also represented Japan in team competitions, winning bronze medals at the 2022 Asian Games and the Sudirman Cup in 2023 and 2025.
Wisconsin Highway 83
State Trunk Highway 83 (often called Highway 83, STH-83 or WIS 83) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs north–south in southeast Wisconsin from Hartford to the Illinois border in the village of Salem Lakes.

Most of the WIS 83 corridor consists of glacial formations and lakes. From the Washington County line south to the Illinois state line, WIS 83 runs within a few miles of at least 11 different small lakes. The rural nature of this routing results in WIS 83 being mostly two-lane undivided highway except for sections where it runs concurrently with other highways (WIS 50 and WIS 36), or where it approaches an Interstate.

Wisconsin Highway 50
State Trunk Highway 50 (often called Highway 50, STH-50 or WIS 50) is a 44.43-mile (71.50 km) state highway in Walworth and Kenosha counties in Wisconsin, United States, that runs from Wisconsin Highway 11 (WIS 11) in Delavan east to Wisconsin Highway 32 (WIS 32) in Kenosha. The highway is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
Rede Massa
Rede Massa is a Brazilian regional television network based in Curitiba, capital of the state of Paraná. It is owned by presenter and businessman Carlos Roberto Massa (popularly known as Ratinho) and is affiliated with Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão. It was inaugurated on March 17, 2008, as part of a strategy to unite the stations belonging to the Paulo Pimentel Group, which went on sale in April that year. Its generators are TV Iguaçu (Curitiba), TV Tibagi (Apucarana and Maringá), TV Guará (Francisco Beltrão and Ponta Grossa), TV Cidade (Londrina) and TV Naipi (Foz do Iguaçu).

TV Iguaçu
TV Iguaçu (channel 4) is a Brazilian television station based in Curitiba, capital of the state of Paraná serving as an affiliate of the SBT for the capital area and its surrounding areas. It is the flagship station of Rede Massa, a regional television network owned by Grupo Massa, which broadcasts to four more stations in the state. Its studios are located in the Parolin neighborhood, and its transmitters are in the TV Bandeirantes Paraná tower, in the Pilarzinho neighborhood.
Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".

Lester Young
Lester Willis Young (August 27, 1909 – March 15, 1959), nicknamed "Pres" or "Prez" (short for the "President of the Tenor Sax"), was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and occasional clarinetist.

Coming to prominence while a member of Count Basie's orchestra, Young was one of the most influential players on his instrument. In contrast to many of his hard-driving peers, Young played with a relaxed, cool tone and used sophisticated harmonies, using what one critic called "a free-floating style, wheeling and diving like a gull, banking with low, funky riffs that pleased dancers and listeners alike".

Known for his hip, introverted style, he invented or popularized much of the hipster jargon which came to be associated with the music.
Mellor, Greater Manchester
Mellor is a village in the Stockport district, in Greater Manchester, England; it lies between Marple Bridge and New Mills in Derbyshire.

It was a civil parish in the county of Derbyshire until 1936, when it was transferred to Cheshire. In 1974, it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester.

Marple Bridge
Marple Bridge is a district of Marple in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. The River Goyt runs through the centre of the village. Marple Bridge shares borders with Mellor, Marple, Compstall, New Mills, Strines, Mill Brow and Chisworth. It is in the ecclesiastical parish of Mellor; the parish church of St. Thomas stands several hundred feet higher than the village, overlooking Greater Manchester and Cheshire.
Apink
Apink (Korean: 에이핑크; RR: Eipingkeu; Japanese: エーピンク) is a South Korean girl group formed in 2011, currently consists of five members: Chorong, Bomi, Eunji, Namjoo, and Hayoung. Originally a septet, Yookyung left in 2013 to pursue her education and Naeun left to pursue her acting career in 2022.

The group debuted on April 19, 2011, with the extended play (EP) Seven Springs of Apink.
Since their debut, Apink has won awards at shows such as the Golden Disc Awards, the Seoul Music Awards and the Mnet Asian Music Awards. Their first music program win was on M Countdown on January 5, 2012, for "My My" from their second EP Snow Pink. To date, Apink has released nine Korean EPs, five Korean studio albums, and three Japanese studio albums.

Kim Nam-joo (singer)
Kim Nam-joo (Korean: 김남주; born April 15, 1995), also known mononymously as Namjoo, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a member of the South Korean girl group Apink. She made her solo debut on September 7, 2020, with her first single album Bird.
Scott Kleeb
Scott Michael Kleeb (/klɛb/ KLEB; born August 23, 1975) is an American businessman and politician. He is the former CEO and president of Energy Pioneer Solutions, a company that created and then sold a new data-driven model for energy efficiency issues that focused on utilities and homeowners.

In 2006, he was defeated in a close race to represent Nebraska's 3rd congressional district. In 2008, he was the Democratic nominee in an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. Senate seat in Nebraska. His wife, Jane Fleming Kleeb, is the founder of Bold Nebraska and chair of the Nebraska Democratic Party.

Jane Kleeb
Jane Fleming Kleeb (/klɛb/ KLEB) is an American political executive and activist. She is the founder and president of Bold Alliance, Chair of the Nebraska Democratic Party and a board member of Our Revolution and Matriarch PAC.
Surinamese guilder
The guilder (Dutch: gulden; ISO 4217 code: SRG) was the currency of Suriname until 2004, when it was replaced by the Surinamese dollar. It was divided into 100 cents. Until the 1940s, the plural in Dutch was cents, with centen appearing on some early paper money, but after the 1940s the Dutch plural became cent.

Surinamese dollar
The Surinamese dollar (ISO 4217 code SRD; Sranan Tongo: Sranandala) has been the currency of Suriname since 2004. It is divided into 100 cent. The Surinamese dollar is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively Sr$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. In spoken Surinamese Dutch, it is widely referred to by its acronym SRD (Dutch: [ˌɛsɛrˈdeː]), with "dollar" generally being understood as meaning the US dollar.
Westin Book Cadillac Hotel
The Westin Book Cadillac Detroit is a historic hotel in downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Washington Boulevard Historic District. Designed in the Neo-Renaissance style, and opened as the Book-Cadillac Hotel in 1924, the 349 ft (106 m), 31-story, 453-room hotel includes 65 exclusive luxury condominiums and penthouses on the top eight floors. It reopened in October 2008, managed by Westin Hotels, after a $200-million restoration.

Westin Hotels & Resorts
Westin Hotels & Resorts is an American upscale hotel chain owned by Marriott International. As of June 30, 2020, the Westin Brand has 226 properties with 82,608 rooms in multiple countries in addition to 58 hotels with 15,741 rooms in the pipeline.
Depew, New York
Depew (/dəˈpju/) is a village in Erie County, New York. The population was 15,303 at the time of the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area. The village is named for Chauncey Depew, a politician and one of the original investors who bought the land for the village, which was incorporated in 1894.

The village extends across the boundary between the towns of Lancaster and Cheektowaga. The village lies on both sides of NY Route 78 (Transit Road), a major north-south route.

Village residents voted on January 17, 2017, to not dissolve the Village of Depew into the Towns of Lancaster and Cheektowaga, by a margin of 3,006–1,165.

Lancaster, New York
Lancaster is a town in Erie County, New York, United States, centered 14 miles east of downtown Buffalo. Lancaster is an outer ring suburb of Buffalo. As of the 2020 Census, the town population was 45,106. Located within the town is the village of Lancaster and the eastern half of the village of Depew. Depew's western half lies within the town of Cheektowaga.
Bach Mai Airfield
Bach Mai Airfield is a disused military airport in Thanh Xuân district, Hanoi, Vietnam, located along modern-day Le Trong Tan street. It was constructed by the French in 1917 and used by French forces until 1954; along with Gia Lam Airbase, it was one of the major logistics bases supporting French operations at Dien Bien Phu. After 1954, it was used by the Vietnamese People's Air Force and served as their air defense command and control center during the Second Indochina War, playing a part in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War as well. It is now the site of the Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, where a number of period military aircraft are on display.

Gia Lam Airport
Gia Lam Airport (ICAO: VVGL) (Vietnamese: Sân bay Gia Lâm) is an airport in Hanoi, Vietnam, located in Long Biên District, on the eastern bank of the Red River. It is primarily a military field, used by the Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF), with MiG-21 fighters and Kamov Ka-28 helicopters stored in revetments. The airfield was inaugurated in 1936, before the Japanese occupation of French Indochina. The airport is currently used for military training activities, as well as for chartered helicopter taxi flights for tourists visiting nearby attractions such as Ha Long Bay. There are plans to convert Gia Lam to a civilian airport, serving short flights to and from locations in Northern Vietnam.
Arizona v. Hicks
Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires the police to have probable cause before they can seize items in plain view.

Plain view doctrine
In the United States, the plain view doctrine is an exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement that allows an officer to seize evidence and contraband that are found in plain view during a lawful observation. The doctrine is also regularly used by Transportation Security Administration officers while screening people and property at American airports.

For the plain view doctrine to apply for discoveries, the three-prong Horton test requires that:

The officer is lawfully present at the place where the evidence can be plainly viewed

The officer has a lawful right of access to the object

The incriminating character of the object is immediately apparent
Mahaut, Countess of Artois
Mahaut of Artois also known as Mathilda (1268 – 27 November 1329), ruled as Countess of Artois from 1302 to 1329. She was furthermore regent of the County of Burgundy from 1303 to 1315 during the minority and the absence of her daughter, Joan II, Countess of Burgundy.

Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
Joan II, Countess of Burgundy (French: Jeanne; c. 1287/88 – 21 January 1330), was Queen of France by marriage to Philip V of France; she was also ruling Countess of Burgundy from 1303 to 1330 and ruling Countess of Artois in 1329–1330.
Second Foundation
Second Foundation is the third novel of the Foundation Trilogy, the third published of the Foundation Series by the American writer Isaac Asimov, and the fifth in the in-universe chronology.  It was first published in 1953 by Gnome Press.

Second Foundation consists of two novellas originally published in Astounding Magazine (with different titles) between 1948 and 1950: this makes it the third volume in Asimov's Foundation series. Decades later, Asimov wrote two sequel novels and two prequels. Later writers have added authorized tales to the series. The Foundation series is often regarded as one of Isaac Asimov's best works, along with his Robot series.

The term also describes the organization by that name which is the focus of the book. The organization's existence (and nothing more) had been revealed in Foundation; it is searched for in Foundation and Empire, and it makes essential  appearances in this novel. It would not be described in detail until Foundation's Edge.

Foundation's Edge
Foundation's Edge (1982) is a science fiction novel by American writer Isaac Asimov, the fourth book in the Foundation Series. It was written more than thirty years after the stories of the original Foundation trilogy, due to years of pressure by fans and editors on Asimov to write another, and, according to Asimov himself, the amount of the payment offered by the publisher. It was his first novel to ever land on The New York Times best-seller list, after 262 books and 44 years of writing.
Mashkan-shapir
Mashkan-shapir (Maškan-šāpir) (modern Tell Abu Duwari, Al Qadisyah Governorate, Iraq) was an ancient tell roughly 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Nippur and around 90 miles (140 km) southeast of Baghdad. The city god of Mashkan-shapir was Nergal and a temple named Meslam dedicated to him was built there. It is about 20 kilometers south of ancient Malgium and about 30
kilometers from ancient Larsa. The remnants of a large watercourse, thought to be an ancient bed of the Tigris or Euphrates, pass close to the city.

Larsa
Larsa (Sumerian: 𒌓𒀕𒆠, romanized: UD.UNUGKI, read Larsamki), also referred to as Larancha/Laranchon (Gk. Λαραγχων) by Berossos and connected with the biblical Ellasar, was an important city-state of ancient Sumer, the center of the cult of the sun god Utu with his temple E-babbar. It lies some 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Uruk in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate, near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal at the site of the modern settlement Tell as-Senkereh or Sankarah.

Larsa is thought to be the source of a number of tablets involving Babylonian mathematics, including the Plimpton 322 tablet that contains patterns of Pythagorean triples.
The Tyde
The Tyde are an American indie rock group. Tracing their roots to early 1990s LA indie band Further, formed by Darren Rademaker and brother Brent. The Tyde cite Felt, the Beach Boys and the Byrds as major influences.  They are not to be confused with band from the Iowa in the late 1960s called the TYDE, known for songs such as "Psychedelic Pill" and "Lost".

The initial line-up featured Darren Rademaker (vocals, guitars), Darren's ex-wife Anh Do Rademaker (keyboards) and brother Brent Rademaker (bass, vocals) as well as Ben Knight (guitar), Christopher Gunst, Brent's partner in Beachwood Sparks, (drums) and Dave Scher (guitars). Gunst was replaced by Ric Menck of Velvet Crush after debut album Once while Scher became simply an "additional musician" for second album Twice.

Beachwood Sparks
Beachwood Sparks are an American alternative country band from Los Angeles. An article in The Daily Telegraph on America's underground psychedelic pop scene described Beachwood Sparks as "country through a kaleidoscope".
Q-theta function
In mathematics, the q-theta function (or modified Jacobi theta function) is a type of q-series which is used to define elliptic hypergeometric series.
 It is given by

where one takes 0 ≤ |q| < 1.  It obeys the identities

It may also be expressed as:

where  is the q-Pochhammer symbol.

Q-Pochhammer symbol
In the mathematical field of combinatorics, the q-Pochhammer symbol, also called the q-shifted factorial, is the product

with 
It is a q-analog of the Pochhammer symbol , in the sense that

The q-Pochhammer symbol is a major building block in the construction of q-analogs; for instance, in the theory of basic hypergeometric series, it plays the role that the ordinary Pochhammer symbol plays in the theory of generalized hypergeometric series.

Unlike the ordinary Pochhammer symbol, the q-Pochhammer symbol can be extended to an infinite product:

This is an analytic function of q in the interior of the unit disk, and can also be considered as a formal power series in q.  The special case

is known as Euler's function, and is important in combinatorics, number theory, and the theory of modular forms.
Lambley railway station
Lambley was a railway station on the Alston Branch Line, which ran between Haltwhistle and Alston. The station, situated 4+3⁄4 miles (8 km) south-west of Haltwhistle, served the village of Lambley in Northumberland.

The station was opened by the North Eastern Railway on 21 May 1852, following the completion of Lambley Viaduct. The imposing stone viaduct is located the north-east of the former station, and was designed by Sir George Barclay Bruce. It spans a length of 850 feet (260 m) over the River South Tyne. The viaduct was designated a Grade II* listed structure on 23 August 1985.

There were a number of unscheduled calling points on the section of the line between Lambley and Slaggyford, including those at Burnstones, Softley and Whitwham. Trains regularly stopped to allow passengers to board and alight, despite no platform or facilities being available at these locations.

Slaggyford railway station
Slaggyford was historically a railway station on the Alston Line, which ran between Haltwhistle and Alston. The station served the village of Slaggyford in Northumberland.

Located 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 km) from the junction with the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway at Haltwhistle, the station was opened on 21 May 1852 by the North Eastern Railway.

Several unscheduled calling points existed on the section between Slaggyford and Lambley, including Whitwham, Softley, and Burnstones. Trains regularly stopped to allow passengers to board and alight, despite the lack of platforms or facilities at these locations.

After being closed for 42 years, the station reopened in June 2018, as part of the South Tynedale Railway.
PRECIS
PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies, pronounced pray-sea) is developed at the Hadley Centre at the UK Met Office, PRECIS is a regional climate modelling system designed to run on a Linux-based PC. PRECIS can be applied to any area of the globe to generate detailed climate change projections.

Met Office Hadley Centre
The Met Office Hadley Centre — named in honour of George Hadley —  is one of the United Kingdom's leading centres for the study of scientific issues associated with climate change.  It is part of, and based at the headquarters of the Met Office in Exeter.
Democratic Front (Montenegro)
The Democratic Front (Serbo-Croatian: Демократски фронт / Demokratski front, DF) was a right-wing populist and socially conservative political alliance in Montenegro. It was composed of the New Serb Democracy, Movement for Changes and Democratic People's Party, with some other minor parties as the alliance's partners at the local level, while United Montenegro and Workers' Party were external members of the Democratic Front parliamentary group. The alliance was formed mainly to oust the Democratic Party of Socialists, the party in power from the introduction of the multi-party system until the 2020 parliamentary election.

United Montenegro
United Montenegro (Serbian: Уједињена Црна Гора / Ujedinjena Crna Gora, UCG) is a conservative political party in Montenegro. Party founder and de facto political leader is Goran Danilović, former Minister of Interior Affairs in Government of Montenegro.