hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ögmundur Pálsson
Ögmundur Pálsson, O.E.S.A. (c. 1475 – 13 July 1541; Modern Icelandic: [ˈœɣˌmʏntʏr ˈpʰaulsˌsɔːn]) was an Icelandic Roman Catholic prelate, who was the last Catholic bishop of the Icelandic diocese of Skálholt, from 1521 until 1540.

He was the son of Páll Guðmundsson and Margrét Ögmundardóttir. Served as Abbot in Augustinian Abbey in Viðey from 1515 to 1519. And in 1519 was elected as bishop and consecrated in 1521 in Trondheim.

He died on his way to Denmark.

Diocese of Skálholt
The Diocese of Skálholt (Icelandic: Skálholtsbiskupa [ˈskaulˌhɔl(t)sˌpɪskʏpa]) is a suffragan diocese of the Church of Iceland. It was the estate of the first bishop in Iceland, Isleifr Gizurarson, who became bishop in 1056. (Christianity had been formally adopted in 1000). His son, Gizurr, donated it to become the official see. The Diocese was amalgamated in 1801 and now forms part of the Diocese of Iceland under the leadership of the Bishop of Iceland. In 1909, the diocese was restored as a suffragan see, with the Bishop of Skálholt being a suffragan bishop to the Bishop of Iceland.
Vivaldi (web browser)
Vivaldi (/vɪˈvɑːldi, vəˈv-/) is a Norwegian freeware, cross-platform web browser with a built-in email client developed by Vivaldi Technologies. The company is employee-owned. Vivaldi was founded by Tatsuki Tomita and Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, who was the co-founder and CEO of Opera Software. Vivaldi was initially released on 27 January 2015.

Although it is accessible to general users, Vivaldi's design and feature-set primarily targets power users, in addition to former Opera users disgruntled by its transition from the Presto layout engine to a Chromium-based browser, which resulted in the loss of many of its distinctive features. Even though it is also Chromium-based, Vivaldi aims to revive the features of the Presto-based Opera with its own proprietary modifications.

Vivaldi replaced Firefox as the default browser on the Cinnamon Community Edition of the Manjaro Linux distribution. As of February 2026, Vivaldi claims to have 4.0 million active users.

Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner
Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner (Icelandic: Jón; born 29 August 1967 in Seltjarnarnes) is an Icelandic-Norwegian programmer and businessman. He is the co-founder and CEO of Vivaldi Technologies. Before starting the Vivaldi Web browser, he launched a community site called Vivaldi.net. Tetzchner is also a co-founder and former CEO of Opera Software.
Maryam Moshiri
Maryam Moshiri (Persian: مریم مشیری) is an Iranian-British presenter working for the BBC on its News Channel broadcasting in the United Kingdom and worldwide. Her programme The World Today with Maryam Moshiri airs weekdays from 18:00 GMT (international) and 7:00 pm UK time (UK), featuring interviews with figures from the arts, culture, and entertainment.

The World Today (TV news programme)
The World Today, styled also as The World Today with Maryam Moshiri is a news programme that premiered on both UK feed and international feed of BBC News channel on 21 February 2024. The programme is mainly hosted by Maryam Moshiri. The show, dedicated to international news is said to "bring the best of the BBC's global journalism to audiences in the UK and around the world.". As well as interviews with leading figures from the arts, culture and entertainment.

The World Today is the BBC's flagship international news programme. As well as acting as the flagship evening news programme for the UK, Europe, Africa and the Middle East, it is also distributed by PBS station WETA in the United States.
Jewish quota
A Jewish quota was a discriminatory racial quota designed to limit or deny access for Jews to various institutions. Such quotas were widespread in the 19th and 20th centuries in developed countries and frequently present in higher education, often at prestigious universities.

Numerus clausus
Numerus clausus ("closed number" in Latin) is one of many methods used to limit the number of students who may study at a university. In many cases, the goal of the numerus clausus is simply to limit the number of students to the maximum feasible in some particularly sought-after areas of studies with an intent to keep a constant supply of qualified workforce and thus limit competition.  In historical terms however, in some countries, numerus clausus policies were religious or racial quotas, both in intent and function.

Countries legislating limitations on the admission of Jewish students, at various times, have included: Austria, Canada, Hungary, Imperial Russia, Iraq, Latvia (from 1934 under the Kārlis Ulmanis regime), Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United States, Vichy France, and Yugoslavia among others.
Marwanid dynasty (Diyar Bakr)
The Marwanid dynasty, also known as the Dustakids, (983/990-1085, Kurdish: میرنشینی مەڕوانی/ میرنشینی دۆستەکی) were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty in the Diyar Bakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey), centered on the city of Mayyafariqin.

Silvan, Diyarbakır
Silvan (Kurdish: Farqîn; Ottoman Turkish: ميا فارقين, romanized: Meyafarikîn, Armenian: Սիլվան, romanized: Silvan) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,252 km2, and its population is 86,161 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
Girolamo Bortignon
Girolamo Bartolomeo Bortignon, OFM Cap (31 March 1905 – 12 March 1992) was an Italian friar and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as Bishop of Padua from 1949 to 1982 and Bishop of Belluno e Feltre from 1945 to 1949.

Diocese of Belluno-Feltre
The Diocese of Belluno-Feltre (Latin: Dioecesis Bellunensis-Feltrensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the Veneto, northern Italy, organized in its current form in 1986. From 1197 to 1762, and again from 1818 to 1986, the Diocese of Belluno and the Diocese of Feltre were united under a single bishop, with the name diocese of Belluno e Feltre. The current diocese is a suffragan of the Patriarchate of Venice.
Jerome Odlum
Jerome Odlum (August 6, 1905 – March 2, 1954) was an American writer.

Odlum was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

He served a term in prison for forgery. After his time in prison, he became a reporter and then managing editor of The Minneapolis News.

Odlum was married in Minneapolis in 1937. His wife filed for divorce in 1939.

He published a novel, Each Dawn I Die, in 1938. It was adapted to a film of the same name in 1939. Odlum then became a screenwriter. He was under contract to Paramount at $2,500 per month in 1939. He wrote several more novels as well as film screenplays.

In 1952, it was reported that he would be writing for television.

Jerome Odlum died of a stroke on March 2, 1954.

Each Dawn I Die
Each Dawn I Die is a 1939 gangster film directed by William Keighley and starring James Cagney and George Raft. The plot involves an investigative reporter who is unjustly thrown in jail and befriends a famous gangster. The film was based on the novel of the same name by Jerome Odlum and the supporting cast features Jane Bryan, George Bancroft, Slapsie Maxie Rosenbloom, and Victor Jory.
Scwʼexmx
The Scwʼexmx (/ʃəˈkwɑːkəm/ Scw̓éxmx), meaning "people of the creek(s)", are a branch of the Nlaka'pamux (Thompson) people in the Nicola Country of the Canadian province of British Columbia (Scw'ex, meaning "creek", is the name of the Nicola River in the Thompson language). Together with the neighbouring branch of the Okanagan people the Spaxomin (usually Spahomin in English), who live in the upper, eastern reaches of the Nicola Valley, they are generally known in English as the Nicolas. They also share governmental institutions, and their alliance dates to before the time of Chief Nicola, for whom the river was named and whose father had led the Okanagan migration into the valley in the late 18th century. The Scw'exmx intermarried with the Okanagans, and also with the Nicola Athapaskans (Stu'wix), a now-extinct Athapaskan-speaking people who migrated into the valley in the 17th century.

Nlaka'pamux
The Nlakaʼpamux or Nlakapamuk (/ɪŋkləˈkæpmə/ ing-klə-KAP-mə; Salishan: [nɬeʔképmx]), also previously known as the Thompson, Thompson River Salish, Thompson Salish, Thompson River Indians or Thompson River people, and historically as the Klackarpun, Haukamaugh, Knife Indians, and Couteau Indians, are an Indigenous First Nations people of the Interior Salish language group in southern British Columbia.  Their traditional territory includes parts of the North Cascades region of Washington.
Bruce Codron
Bruce Codron (born April 14, 1983) is a French kickboxer. He is the World Kickboxing Network, International Sport Karate Association and World Association of Kickboxing Organizations World Full-Contact Champion. He is also a three time French Full-Contact Champion.

World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
The World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (W.A.K.O or WAKO) is an international kickboxing organization counting over 120 affiliated countries representing all five continents. WAKO is a major governing body of amateur kickboxing and is responsible for the development of kickboxing worldwide. The organization was officially recognized as an official kickboxing governing body by Sport Accord. WAKO is recognized by the Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Prakash Singh
Prakash Singh is a retired Indian Police Service officer, who rose to the highest rank of Director General of Police (DGP). He has served as Chief of the Border Security Force (BSF), Uttar Pradesh Police and Assam Police. He is considered one of the best police officers for his role as key architect for Police reforms in India. After his retirement from service in 1996, he filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India. The landmark verdict of PIL came in 2006, in which the Supreme Court has given specific directions to the central and state governments to carry out structural changes in the police with a view to insulating it from extraneous pressures and making it accountable to the people.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Joint List (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
The Joint List of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Združena lista Bosne i Hercegovine / Здружена листа Босне и Херцеговине) was a liberal political alliance in Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed for the 1996 general election.

The alliance consisted of the Social Democratic Party, the Union of Social Democrats, the Croatian Peasant Party, the Muslim Bosniak Organisation and the Republican Party.

Union of Social Democrats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Union of Social Democrats of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Unija bosansko-hercegovačkih socijaldemokrata; abbr. UBSD) was a social-democratic political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Founded in 1992, it merged into the Social Democratic Party in 1999.
Satyen Sen
Satyen Sen (Bengali: সত্যেন সেন; 28 March 1907 - 5 January 1981)  was a Bengali revolutionary, writer, and cultural activist who played a vital role in the Indian independence movement and later in post-independence progressive movements. A member of Jugantar revolutionary organisation and later the Communist movement, he spent years in prison and embraced Marxism–Leninism. Sen was a founder of the cultural organisation Bangladesh Udichi Shilpigoshthi and a key figure in the Progressive Writers' Movement. He contributed significantly to literature, workers' mobilisation, and the Bangladesh Liberation War. His work reflected a lifelong commitment to justice, equality, and the upliftment of ordinary people through culture and activism.

Bangladesh Udichi Shilpigoshthi
Bangladesh Udichi Shilpigoshthi (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ উদীচী শিল্পীগোষ্ঠী) is the largest cultural organisation in Bangladesh. The organisation's goal is the struggle to build what it deems a just, free, and equal society.
Fab (brand)
Fab is a strawberry, vanilla and chocolate flavoured ice lolly made by Froneri. Like its precursor, Zoom, it was introduced by J. Lyons and Co. in the 1960s to capitalise on the popularity of the children's television series of Gerry and Sylvia Anderson, principally Thunderbirds.

Froneri
Froneri International Limited is a global ice cream manufacturer with its headquarters in Leeming Bar, North Yorkshire, England. It is the largest producer of ice cream in Europe by volume, and the second-largest in the world, after The Magnum Ice Cream Company.

Froneri was established in 2016 as a joint venture between Nestlé and PAI Partners to combine the two companies' ice cream activities. PAI Partners had previously acquired R&R Ice Cream in 2013. R&R was originally founded as Richmond Ice Cream in 1985. Froneri expanded by initiating consolidation in the European ice cream market. It then took control over Nestlé's USA's ice cream division in 2020.

The company has a turnover of £750 million, and employs 15,000 people. The main production site is located at Leeming Bar, and employs 665 people in the largest ice cream factory in Europe. Smaller production sites are located in Skelmersdale and Bodmin, Cornwall.
Côte-Nord
Côte-Nord (Region 09) (French: [kot nɔʁ], Quebec French: [kou̯t nɑɔ̯ʁ]; lit. 'North Coast') is an administrative region of Quebec, on the Quebec-Labrador Peninsula, Canada.

The region runs along the St. Lawrence River and then the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Tadoussac to the limits of Labrador, leaning against the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean to the west, the Côte-Nord penetrates deep into Northern Quebec.

With the motto: Between nature and grandeur, the Côte-Nord is made up of 99% public land, it is the second largest region after Nord-du-Québec, which occupies 51% of Quebec's territory.

Gulf of St. Lawrence
The Gulf of St. Lawrence is a gulf that fringes the shores of the provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, in Canada, plus the islands Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, possessions of France, in North America.

The Gulf of St. Lawrence connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River.
Contents insurance
Contents insurance is insurance that pays for damage to, theft, or loss of, an individual’s personal possessions at home. Some insurance policies also cover items taken out of the home on holiday.

In this context, "possessions" means anything that is not permanently attached to the structure of the home (possessions that are permanently attached to the structure of the home can only be insured via home insurance.) Some contents policies may also include possessions kept in outbuildings or in the garden area attached to the house.

Contents insurance is usually sold alongside home insurance but it can also be purchased as a stand-alone policy, especially for those who are renting rather than owning their home.

Home insurance
Home insurance, also commonly called homeowner's insurance (often abbreviated in the US real estate industry as HOI), is a type of property insurance that covers a private residence. It is an insurance policy that combines various personal insurance protections, which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of use (additional living expenses), or loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as liability insurance for accidents that may happen at the home or at the hands of the homeowner within the policy territory.

Additionally, homeowner's insurance provides financial protection against disasters. A standard home insurance policy covers the home and the belongings inside it.
Latvian Legion
The Latvian Legion (Latvian: Latviešu leģions) was a formation of the Nazi German Waffen-SS during World War II. Formed in 1943, it consisted primarily of ethnic Latvian men. The legion initially consisted of two divisions of the Waffen-SS: the 15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian), and the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian). Later in the war, Arajs Kommando was disbanded and some of its members were transferred to the Latvian Legion.

The 15th Division was administratively subordinated to the VI SS Corps, but operationally it was in reserve or at the disposal of the XXXXIII Army Corps, 16th Army, Army Group North. The 19th Division held out in the Courland Pocket until May 1945, the close of World War II, when it was among the last of Nazi Germany's forces to surrender.

Arajs Kommando
The Arajs Kommando (Latvian: Arāja komanda; German: Sonderkommando Arajs) was a paramilitary unit of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) active in German-occupied Latvia from 1941 to 1943. It was led by SS commander and Nazi collaborator Viktors Arājs and composed of ethnic Latvian volunteers recruited by Arājs.

The Arajs Kommando was a notorious death squad and one of the main perpetrators of the Holocaust in Latvia. The unit was involved in the mass killing of Jews in Latvia until 1942 when it was used in anti-partisan operations in Belarus and Russia. It was disbanded and merged into the Latvian Legion in 1943.
Downer EDI Rail GT46C ACe
The GT46C-ACe is a model of Australian diesel-electric locomotive designed and built by Downer Rail at its Cardiff Locomotive Workshops using Electro-Motive Diesel components until 2014, with later units built in Muncie, Indiana.

Downer EDI Rail GT46C
The Downer EDI Rail GT46C is a model of diesel-electric locomotive designed and built by Clyde Engineering using Electro-Motive Diesel components. A number of Australian rail freight operators purchased them from 2022; Aurizon designated its units as the Q/FQ/V class. As of July 2022, all 24 locomotives are owned by Aurizon.
Josephine Nabukenya
Josephine Nabukenya is a Ugandan HIV/AIDS activist who is also living with HIV/AIDS. She serves as a Stephen Lewis Foundation Youth program coordinator at Makerere University Johns Hopkins University (MUJHU). She was awarded the Queen’s Young Leader Award in 2016 for her advocacy work. She is also an Ambassador at Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF)'s Ariel Club.  She is one of the young leaders who grew from being timid to a resilient and powerful young leader who encourages other children to live positively and take their pills.

Queen's Young Leader Award
Queen's Young Leader Award was an annual award given in recognition of leadership skills by young persons between the ages of 18 and 29. The award was open to selected Commonwealth of Nations to recognize exceptional people or organizations who are making a difference in improving other citizen's lives. The program was established by the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, in partnership with Comic Relief and the Royal Commonwealth Society. The programme closed in 2019.
Full Throttle (drink)
Full Throttle is an energy drink brand produced by Monster Beverage. It debuted in late 2004 in the United States and Canada under its former owner The Coca-Cola Company. It is known for its sponsorship of National Hot Rod Association competitions from 2008 to 2012.

On June 12, 2015, Monster Beverage closed on the deal to acquire The Coca-Cola Company's energy drinks line. Coca-Cola transferred ownership of all of its worldwide energy businesses including NOS, Full Throttle and nine smaller brands to Monster. Monster transferred all of its non-energy drink businesses to Coca-Cola, including Hansen's natural sodas, Peace Tea, Hubert's Lemonade, and Hansen's juice products.

A red berry flavored Full Throttle drink

Full Throttle No-Choke Mixture

Monster Beverage
Monster Beverage Corporation is an American beverage company that manufactures energy drinks including Monster Energy, Relentless, Reign and Burn. The company was originally founded as Hansen's in 1935 in Southern California, originally selling juice products. The company renamed itself as Monster Beverage in 2012.

As of 2020, Monster held 39% of the $86 billion global energy drink market, the second highest share after Red Bull.
Michael Gallagher (journalist)
Michael Gallagher (born c. 1958) is an American newspaper editor. Gallagher was formerly an investigative journalist for Gannett News Service until he was convicted of voicemail hacking in an investigation into Chiquita's business practices. He began his career as a reporter at the Kalamazoo Gazette in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Chiquita
Chiquita Brands International S.à.r.l. (/tʃɪˈkiːtə/), formerly known as United Fruit Company, is a Swiss company producing and distributing bananas and other produce.  The company operates under subsidiary brand names, including the flagship Chiquita brand and Fresh Express salads. Chiquita is the leading distributor of bananas in the United States.

Chiquita is the successor to the United Fruit Company. It was formerly controlled by American businessman Carl Lindner Jr., whose majority ownership of the company ended when Chiquita Brands International exited a prepackaged Chapter 11 bankruptcy on 19 March 2002.  In 2003, the company acquired the German produce distribution company, Atlanta AG. Fresh Express salads was purchased from Performance Food Group in 2005.  Chiquita's former headquarters were located in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Vicki Shiran
Vicki Shiran (Hebrew: ויקי שירן; February 28, 1947 − March 15, 2004) was an Israeli criminologist, sociologist, poet, film director, media personality and activist. She was a leader of a movement promoting Mizrahi Jewish consciousness in Israel. She was an advocate of equal rights and played a key role in the fight for the advancement of Mizrahim (Jews who originate from Arab or Muslim countries). She was among the founders of The Mizrahi Democratic Coalition and the Feminist group Achoti, and is considered one of the founding mothers of the Mizrahi feminist movement.

Ahoti – for Women in Israel
Ahoti – for Women in Israel (in Hebrew: אחותי – למען נשים בישראל‎, known as "Ahoti") is a feminist social movement, founded upon the principles of Mizrahi feminism. The movement works to promote issues of economic, social and cultural justice, and to empower and create solidarity among women of the lower socio-economic classes in Israel.
Loiu
Loiu (Spanish: Lujua) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.

The Bilbao Airport terminal lies within the municipality limits.

Bilbao Airport
Bilbao Airport (IATA: BIO, ICAO: LEBB) is a minor international airport located 9 km (5.6 mi) north of Bilbao, in the municipality of Loiu, in Biscay. It is the largest airport in the Basque Country and northern Spain, with 6,336,441 passengers in 2023. It is famous for its new main terminal, which opened in 2000, designed by Santiago Calatrava.