hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soyuz T-2
Soyuz T-2 (Russian: Союз T-2, Union T-2) was a 1980 Soviet crewed space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the 12th mission to and 10th successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz T-2 crew were the second to visit the long-duration Soyuz 35 resident crew.

Soyuz T-2 carried Yury Malyshev and Vladimir Aksyonov into space. A mission lasting under four days, its primary purpose was to perform a crewed test of the new Soyuz-T spacecraft.

Soyuz 35
Soyuz 35 (Russian: Союз 35, Union 35) was a 1980 Soviet crewed space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the 10th mission to and eighth successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz 35 crew were the fourth long-duration crew to man the space station.

Cosmonauts Leonid Popov and Valery Ryumin spent 185 days in space, setting a new space endurance record. Ryumin had completed a previous mission only eight months before. They hosted four visiting crews, including the first Hungarian, Cuban and Vietnamese cosmonauts.

As long-duration crews now routinely swapped spacecraft with incoming crew, the Soyuz 35 craft was used to return the visiting Soyuz 36 crew to Earth, while the resident crew returned in Soyuz 37.
Eldonioid
Eldonioids or velumbrellids are an extinct clade of disc-shaped cambroernids, the Eldonioidea (or Velumbrellida), which lived in the early to middle Paleozoic (Cambrian to Devonian). The terms "eldonioid" and "eldoniid" have been used somewhat informally and interchangeably, but technically refer to members of the class Eldonioidea and the family Eldoniidae, respectively.  The lifestyle of eldonioids is still an unresolved question; some authors reconstruct eldonioids as free-floating planktonic predators similar to jellyfish, while others argue that they were passive detritivores, embedded within the seabed for much of their life.

Cambroernid
The Cambroernida are a clade of Paleozoic animals with coiled bodies and filamentous tentacles. They include a number of early to middle Paleozoic (Cambrian to Devonian) genera noted as "bizarre" or "orphan" taxa, meaning that their affinities with other animals, living or extinct, have long been uncertain.  While initially defined as an "informal stem group," later work with better-preserved fossils has strengthened the argument for Cambroernida as a monophyletic clade.
Ohio State Route 578
State Route 578 (SR 578) was a short north–south state highway in northwestern Ohio, a U.S. state. SR 578 ranked among the shortest state routes in the state, coming in at a length of just 0.19 miles (0.31 km). Its southern terminus was at SR 65 in Grand Rapids, and its northern terminus was at what was then U.S. Route 24 (US 24), just across the Maumee River and the Wood-Lucas county line from Grand Rapids. After SR 295 was extended from its southern terminus along the Maumee River and the former route of US 24, it took over all of SR 578 in 2012 thereby deleting the SR 578 designation.

Ohio State Route 295
State Route 295 (SR 295) is a north–south state highway in northwestern Ohio, a U.S. state. Its southern terminus is an intersection with SR 65 in Grand Rapids.  Its northern terminus is at the Michigan State Line in Berkey.  The roadway continues into Michigan as county-maintained Silberhorn Highway.
Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the time.

End of Roman rule in Britain
Roman rule in Britain ended as Roman military forces withdrew to defend or seize the Western Roman Empire's continental core, leaving behind an autonomous post-Roman Britain. In 383, the usurper Magnus Maximus withdrew troops from northern and western Britain, probably leaving local warlords in charge. In 407, the usurper Constantine III took the remaining mobile Roman soldiers to Gaul in response to the crossing of the Rhine, and external attacks surged. The Romano-British deposed Roman officials around 410, and government largely reverted to city level. That year Emperor Honorius refused an appeal from Britain for military assistance. The following decades saw the collapse of urban life and the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.
Brachytarsophrys orientalis
Brachytarsophrys orientalis, the Oriental short-legged toad, is a species of litter frog in the family Megophryidae. It is native to Jiangxi and Fujian in southeastern China. It is the easternmost species within the genus Brachytarsophrys, hence the specific name orientalis.

Brachytarsophrys
Brachytarsophrys is a genus of the family Megophryidae in the order Anura, and are found in southern China, Myanmar, northern Thailand and northern Vietnam. Common names include short-legged toad.

Natural history of Brachytarsophrys is poorly known. Males of at least some species (Brachytarsophrys feae, Brachytarsophrys carinense) are territorial and may be aggressive. The advertisement call of Brachytarsophrys feae has been likened to barking.
Stalmine-with-Staynall
Stalmine-with-Staynall is a civil parish within the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England, in a part of the Fylde known as Over Wyre. The parish contains the village of Stalmine and the hamlets of Staynall and Wardleys. The civil parish had a population of 1,486 at the 2011 Census, of which 1,087 lived in Stalmine village.

Located close to the Irish Sea coast, the Wyre Estuary forms the parish's western boundary. The highest point is only approximately 75 feet (23 m) above sea level. The parish adjoins the Wyre parishes of Fleetwood, Preesall, Pilling, Out Rawcliffe, Hambleton and the Thornton area which is unparished.

Hambleton, Lancashire
Hambleton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Lancashire. It is situated on a coastal plain called the Fylde and in an area east of the River Wyre known locally as Over Wyre. Hambleton lies approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of its post town, Poulton-le-Fylde, and about 7 miles (11 km) north-east of the seaside resort of Blackpool. In the 2001 United Kingdom census, the parish had a population of 2,678, increasing to 2,744 at the 2011 census.

Hambleton is part of the Borough of Wyre.
Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire Women cricket team
The Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire Women's cricket team was the women's representative cricket team for the English historic counties of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire. They played their home games at various grounds across the counties. They competed in the Women's County Championship between 2010 and 2019, and competed in the Women's Twenty20 Cup between 2009 and 2014. After 2014 the two counties competed separately in the Twenty20 Cup, as Cambridgeshire Women and Huntingdonshire Women, and, with the discontinuation of the Women's County Championship after the 2019 season, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire no longer compete as a unified team.

Cambridgeshire Women cricket team
The Cambridgeshire Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Cambridgeshire. They play their home games across the county, and are captained by Lara Neild. In the Women's County Championship, Cambridgeshire played as a combined team with Huntingdonshire, as Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire Women, but since 2014 they have played individually in the Women's Twenty20 Cup, in which they have consistently competed in the lowest tier. They are partnered with the regional side Sunrisers.
Anjang of Goguryeo
Anjang (died 531, r. 519–531) was the 22nd ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. With his original name of Heung-an, he was the eldest son of Munjamyeong. He was named Crown Prince in the seventh year of Munjamyeong's reign (498), and assumed the throne when his father died in 519. He was supposedly assassinated in 531 without heir, and was succeeded by his younger brother, Anwon.

Munjamyeong of Goguryeo
Munja or Munjamyeong (died 519, r. 491–519) was the 21st monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the grandson of Taewang Jangsu (413–491). Though Munja's father Gochudaega Joda (古鄒大加助多) had been named Crown Prince by Taewang Jangsu, Joda died before assuming the throne. He is considered as a ruler of Goguryeo at its zenith from Gwanggaeto the Great.
New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Fourth Department
43°9′27″N 77°36′10″W﻿ / ﻿43.15750°N 77.60278°W﻿ / 43.15750; -77.60278

The Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department, or simply the Fourth Department, is one of the four geographical components of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, the intermediate appellate court of the State of New York. Its courthouse is located in Rochester, New York.

New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York is the intermediate appellate court in New York State. The state is geographically divided into four judicial departments of the Appellate Division. The full title of each is, using the "Fourth Department" as an example, the "Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department".
Virginia State Route 156
State Route 156 (SR 156) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 57.38 miles (92.34 km) from U.S. Route 301 (US 301) and SR 35 in Templeton north to US 360 Business in Mechanicsville. SR 156 follows a circuitous route through the eastern part of the Richmond–Petersburg metropolitan area. South of the James River, the state highway connects Templeton in Prince George County with Hopewell, which is directly served by SR 156 Business. SR 156 crosses the James River on the Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge and briefly passes through Charles City County. For most of its length in Henrico and Hanover, the state highway is a rural road that provides access to several units of Richmond National Battlefield Park. However, SR 156 provides access to Richmond International Airport, Interstate 64 (I-64), and I-295 as it passes through the Richmond suburbs of Sandston and Highland Springs as a major highway.

U.S. Route 360
U.S. Route 360 (US 360) is a spur route of US 60. The U.S. Highway runs 225.3 miles (362.6 km), entirely within the state of Virginia, from US 58 Business, Virginia State Route 293 (SR 293), and SR 360 in Danville east to SR 644 in Reedville. US 360 connects Danville, South Boston, Keysville and Burkeville in Southside Virginia with the state capital of Richmond.  The highway connects Richmond with Tappahannock on the Middle Peninsula and the eastern Northern Neck, where it serves as the primary route through Northumberland County. US 360 is a four-lane divided highway for almost all of its length.
2012 Bahrain Grand Prix protests
The 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix returned to Bahrain after the 2011 race was cancelled due to anti-government protests.

The decision to hold the race despite ongoing, during the race, protests and violence has been described as "controversial" by Al Jazeera English, CNN, AFP and Sky News. The Independent named it "one of the most controversial in the history of the sport".

2011 Bahrain Grand Prix
The 2011 Bahrain Grand Prix (officially the 2011 Formula 1 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix) was scheduled to be the opening round of the 2011 Formula One World Championship. Planned to be held on 13 March 2011 at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir, Bahrain, it was postponed on 21 February 2011 due to civil unrest. On 3 June, it was announced that the race would be held on 30 October, which would have made it the 17th of 20 Grands Prix held during 2011. Following controversy over the reinstatement of the race, organisers of the Grand Prix abandoned their bid to host a race in 2011.
Shearson
Shearson was the name of a series of investment banking and retail brokerage firms from 1902 until 1994, named for Edward Shearson and the firm he founded, Shearson Hammill & Co. Among Shearson's most notable incarnations were Shearson / American Express, Shearson Lehman / American Express, Shearson Lehman Brothers, Shearson Lehman Hutton and finally Smith Barney Shearson.

For its first eight decades, the firm operated independently and merged with several Wall Street securities firms including Hayden Stone & Co. and Loeb Rhoades & Co. In 1981, Shearson was acquired by American Express and operated as a subsidiary of the financial services company before being merged with Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb in 1984 and E.F. Hutton & Co. in 1988.

In 1993, Shearson was sold to Primerica, a predecessor of Citigroup, and merged with its retail brokerage business, Smith Barney, to create Smith Barney Shearson. The Shearson name was discontinued in 1994.

Hayden, Stone & Co.
Hayden, Stone & Co. was a major American securities firm founded in 1892 by Charles Hayden and Galen L. Stone.  The firm was acquired by Cogan, Berlind, Weill & Levitt in 1972 and, after its name disappeared in 1979, was part of what would become Shearson/American Express in 1981.
Escherichia virus T4
Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infects Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae of the family Straboviridae.  T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic life cycle and not the lysogenic life cycle. The species was formerly named  T-even bacteriophage, a name which also encompasses, among other strains (or isolates), Enterobacteria phage T2, Enterobacteria phage T4 and Enterobacteria phage T6.

Enterobacteria phage T6
Enterobacteria phage T6 is a bacteriophage strain that infects Escherichia coli bacteria. It was one bacteriophage that was used as a model system in the 1950s in exploring the methods viruses replicate, along with the other T-even bacteriophages (which build up virus species Escherichia virus T4, a member of genus T4virus according to ICTV nomenclature): Enterobacteria phage T2, Enterobacteria phage T4 and Enterobacteria phage T2.
Albert Jennings Fountain
Colonel Albert Jennings Fountain (October 23, 1838 – disappeared February 1, 1896) was an American attorney who served in the Texas Senate and the New Mexico House of Representatives. Following a purge of corruption among cattle rustlers that Fountain investigated and prosecuted, his eight-year-old son Henry and he disappeared near White Sands, New Mexico Territory. Their bloodstained wagon and other evidence of an ambush were recovered, but the bodies were never found. Suspicion centered on two rival landowners, Oliver M. Lee and Albert B. Fall. Lee and two employees were tried for the murder of Henry Fountain, but acquitted after a defense by Fall. No charges were ever filed for the death of Albert Fountain.

Albert B. Fall
Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861 – November 30, 1944) was a United States senator from New Mexico and secretary of the interior under President Warren G. Harding who became infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal; he was the only person convicted as a result of the affair. As a captain in the United States Army, he supported a military invasion of Mexico in 1916 as a means of ending Pancho Villa's raids.
Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a supermini car that was marketed by Ford from 1976 to 2023 over seven generations. Over the years, the Fiesta has mainly been developed and manufactured by Ford's European operations, and had been positioned below the Escort (later the Focus).

Ford sold over 15 million Fiestas from 1976 to July 2011, making it one of the best-selling Ford nameplates behind the Escort and the F-Series. It has been manufactured in the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Mexico, Taiwan, China, India, Thailand, and South Africa.

The Fiesta was discontinued in 2023, after over 22 million units had been made. The final Ford Fiesta rolled off the production line on 7 July 2023. On 10th December 2025, Ford announced a return of the Fiesta in 2028 as an EV in partnership with Renault.

Ford Focus
The Ford Focus is a compact car (C-segment in Europe) manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1998 until 2025. It was created under Alexander Trotman's Ford 2000 plan, which aimed to globalize model development and sell one compact vehicle worldwide. The original Focus was primarily designed by Ford of Europe's German and British teams. Production of the fourth generation Focus began in 2018 in Germany and China. In 2025, Ford announced that the Focus will no longer be built, in line with an announcement made in 2022.
FoodWorks
FoodWorks is an Australian supermarket chain run by independent retail group Australian United Retailers (AUR). It is Australia's second largest independent supermarket retailing group behind Metcash, supporting in excess of A$2.6 billion in annual sales at the retail level. Its main competitors are Woolworths, Coles, IGA and Aldi.

The AUR and FoodWorks Management team is led by CEO Rick Wight and Executive General Manager Jon Yarnall

Coles Supermarkets
Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd, trading as Coles, is an Australian supermarket, retail and consumer services chain, headquartered in Melbourne as part of Coles Group. Founded in 1914 in the suburb of Collingwood by Sir George Coles, the company currently operates 846 supermarkets throughout Australia, including several now-re-branded Bi-Lo stores. Coles has over 120,000 employees and accounts for around 27 per cent of the Australian market.

Coles Online is the company's online shopping service.

Between 1986 and 2006, Coles Supermarkets was a brand of Coles Myer, later Coles Group, prior to Wesfarmers purchasing Coles Group in 2007. It became a subsidiary of Coles Group again after Wesfarmers spun off the business in November 2018.

In 2020, Coles changed its slogan to "Value the Australian way".
Mosely snowflake
The Mosely snowflake (after Jeannine Mosely) is a Sierpiński–Menger type of fractal obtained in two variants either by the operation opposite to creating the Sierpiński-Menger snowflake or Cantor dust i.e. not by leaving but by removing eight of the smaller 1/3-scaled corner cubes and the central one from each cube left from the previous recursion (lighter) or by removing only corner cubes (heavier).

In one dimension this operation (i.e. the recursive removal of two side line segments) is trivial and converges only to single point. It resembles the original water snowflake of snow. By construction the Hausdorff dimension of the lighter snowflake is

and the heavier

.

Menger sponge
In mathematics, the Menger sponge (also known as the Menger cube, Menger universal curve, Sierpiński cube, or Sierpiński sponge) is a fractal curve. It is a three-dimensional generalization of the two-dimensional Sierpinski carpet. It was first described by Karl Menger in 1926, in his studies of the concept of topological dimension.

It has similar properties as the Cantor set and the Cantor dust, because the construction requires in both cases the removal of the inner third.
Pentatomoidea
The Pentatomoidea are a superfamily of insects in the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera. As hemipterans, they possess a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. The roughly 7000 species under Pentatomoidea are divided into 21 families (16 extant and 5 extinct). Among these are the stink bugs and shield bugs, jewel bugs, giant shield bugs, and burrower bugs.

Scutelleridae
Scutelleridae is a family of true bugs. They are commonly known as jewel (stink) bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration. With the name based on the Asian genus Scutellera, they are also known as shield-backed bugs due to the enlargement of the thoracic scutellum into a continuous shield over the abdomen and wings. This latter characteristic distinguishes them from most other families within Heteroptera, and may lead to misidentification as a beetle rather than a bug. These insects use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on plant juices from a variety of different species, including some commercial crops. Closely related to stink bugs, they may also produce an offensive odour when disturbed. There are around 450 species worldwide.
Arkansas Highway 222
Arkansas Highway 222 (AR 222 and Hwy. 222) is an east–west state highway in Arkansas. The route of 17.64 miles (28.39 km) runs from AR 51 near Donaldson east through Lono to AR 229. The route is two–lane, undivided.

Arkansas Highway 229
Arkansas Highway 229 (AR 229) is a north–south state highway in Arkansas. The route runs 57.61 miles (92.71 km) from Highway 8 in Fordyce north to Interstate 30 (I-30) in Benton. The highway was created on July 10, 1957 during a period of highway system expansion, and extended throughout the 1960s. The route is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). A small portion of the route is designated as an Arkansas Heritage Trail for its use during the Civil War.
Republic of Pisa
The Republic of Pisa (Italian: Repubblica di Pisa) was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century, centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade for a century, before being surpassed and superseded by the Republic of Genoa.

The republic's participation in the Crusades secured valuable commercial positions for Pisan traders, leading to increased wealth and power. Pisa was a historical rival to Genoa at sea and to Florence and Lucca on land. It lost its independence to Florence in 1406.

The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the main historical maritime republics of Italy.

Republic of Lucca
The Republic of Lucca (Italian: Repubblica di Lucca) was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Lucca in Tuscany, which lasted from 1160 to 1805.

Its territory extended beyond the city of Lucca, reaching the surrounding countryside in the north-western part of today's Tuscany region, to the borders with Emilia-Romagna and Liguria.

The Republic of Lucca remained independent until 1799. Later the state continued to exist but was, de facto, dependent upon Napoleonic France, and ceased officially its existence in 1805, when it was transformed in the Principality of Lucca and Piombino.