hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermal laser epitaxy
Thermal laser epitaxy (TLE) is a physical vapor deposition technique that utilizes irradiation from continuous-wave lasers to heat sources locally  for growing films on a substrate. This technique can be performed under ultra-high vacuum pressure or in the presence of a background atmosphere, such as ozone, to deposit oxide films.

TLE operates at power densities between 104 – 106 W/cm2, which results in evaporation or sublimation of the source material, with no plasma or high-energy particle species being produced. Despite operating at comparatively low power densities, TLE is capable of depositing many materials with low vapor pressures, including  refractory metals, a process that is challenging to perform with molecular beam epitaxy.

Molecular-beam epitaxy
Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) is an epitaxy method for thin-film deposition of single crystals. MBE is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, including transistors. MBE is used to make diodes and MOSFETs (MOS field-effect transistors) at microwave frequencies, and to manufacture the lasers used to read optical discs (such as CDs and DVDs).
Art McDonald (admiral)
Admiral Arthur Gerard McDonald (born 1967) is a Royal Canadian Navy admiral who served as Chief of the Defence Staff of the Canadian Armed Forces from January 14, 2021, until February 24, 2021, when he voluntarily stepped aside due to an investigation by the Canadian Forces National Investigation Service. On November 25, 2021, McDonald was formally relieved of his command and replaced permanently by General Wayne Eyre, who had held the post during the interim.

McDonald previously served as Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and Chief of the Naval Staff. He is Canada's first full admiral since Admiral John Anderson held the rank in 1993.

Wayne Eyre
General Wayne Donald Eyre (born 1966/1967) is a retired Canadian Forces officer who served as the chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) from 2021 to 2024. Eyre was named acting CDS on February 24, 2021, and appointed to the full position on November 25, 2021. He was also the commander of the Canadian Army and chief of the Army Staff.
Jonathan Leavitt (publisher)
Jonathan Leavitt (January 20, 1797 – May 6, 1852) was a bookbinder who later co-founded the New York City publishing firm of Leavitt & Trow, one of the nation's first publishing houses. Leavitt was also co-founder of another early New York publishing house with his brother-in-law Daniel Appleton. George Palmer Putnam, who went on to found a New York publishing dynasty, received his first job from Leavitt. Eventually Jonathan Leavitt went into business on his own, and after his death the firm was run by his son George Ayres Leavitt.

George Palmer Putnam
George Palmer Putnam (February 7, 1814 – December 20, 1872) was an American publisher and author. He founded the firm G. P. Putnam's Sons and Putnam's Magazine. He was an advocate of international copyright reform, secretary for many years of the Publishers' Association, and founding superintendent of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Brick Memorial High School
Brick Memorial High School (also known as Brick Township Memorial High School) is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Brick Township in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as a part of the Brick Public Schools. The school opened in 1980 as the second of two secondary schools in the district, the other being Brick Township High School.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,269 students and 92.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.7:1. There were 389 students (30.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 72 (5.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Brick Township High School
Brick Township High School is a four-year public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Brick Township in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Brick Public Schools. The school is one of two secondary schools in the district, the other being Brick Memorial High School.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,200 students and 94.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.7:1. There were 396 students (33.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 98 (8.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
The Trojan Horse (miniseries)
The Trojan Horse is a Canadian political drama two-part miniseries that first aired on CBC Television on 30 March 2008. It is a sequel to the 2004 miniseries, H2O. It stars Paul Gross, Greta Scacchi and Tom Skerritt. It was directed by Charles Binamé.

H2O (miniseries)
H2O is a Canadian political drama two-part miniseries that first aired on the CBC Television October 31, 2004. It starred Paul Gross and Leslie Hope, with then-politician Belinda Stronach making a cameo appearance. Written by Gross and John Krizanc and directed by Charles Binamé, it was nominated for five Gemini Awards and four DGC Craft Awards. It won one Golden Nymph Award for best actor (Paul Gross).
Peter Drummond (physicist)
Peter David Drummond FAA is a physicist and distinguished professor in the Centre for Quantum and Optical Science at Swinburne University of Technology.

Drummond was born in New Zealand in 1950, and was educated at Auckland University, where he graduated a B. Sc. (Hons), at Harvard where he received an  A. M. (masters) degree, and  at the University of Waikato in New Zealand, where his D.Phil. degree was supervised by Dan Walls and Crispin Gardiner. He  worked as a postdoctoral researcher with Joseph H. Eberly at The University of Rochester, and then as an academic at Auckland University before being appointed to a chair of physics at Queensland University in 1989. He moved to Swinburne University of Technology in 2008.

Crispin Gardiner
Crispin William Gardiner (born 18 October 1942) is a New Zealand  physicist, who has worked in the fields of quantum optics, ultracold atoms and stochastic processes, and is an Honorary Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Otago. He has written about 120 journal articles and several books in the fields of quantum optics, stochastic processes and ultracold atoms.
Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names
The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (ACAN or US-ACAN) is an advisory committee of the United States Board on Geographic Names responsible for recommending commemorative names for features in Antarctica.

United States Board on Geographic Names
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States secretary of the interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
WFLB
WFLB (96.5 FM, "96.5 Jack FM") is an adult hits radio station located in Fayetteville, North Carolina, owned by Beasley Broadcasting Group, Inc., through licensee Beasley Media Group, LLC. The WFLB studios are located east of downtown Fayetteville, and its transmitter is located north of Lumberton, North Carolina.

Beasley Broadcast Group
Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc., based in Naples, Florida, is an owner/operator of radio stations in the United States.  As of February 2026, the company owns 49 stations under the Beasley Media Group name.
Dentures
Dentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or complete denture). However, there are many denture designs, some of which rely on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants (fixed prosthodontics). There are two main categories of dentures, the distinction being whether they fit onto the mandibular arch or on the maxillary arch.

Complete dentures
A complete denture (also known as a  full denture, false teeth or plate) is a removable appliance used when all teeth within a jaw have been lost and need to be prosthetically replaced. In contrast to a partial denture, a complete denture is constructed when there are no more teeth left in an arch; hence, it is an exclusively tissue-supported prosthesis. A complete denture can be opposed by natural dentition, a partial or complete denture, fixed appliances or, sometimes, soft tissues.
Drama Centre London
Drama Centre London (often abbreviated as Drama Centre) was a British drama school in King's Cross, London, where it moved in 2011 after a major reshaping of the University of the Arts London. It was part of Central Saint Martins, a constituent college of the university. Following a review in 2020, the school closed with the graduation of its final students in 2022.

Whilst in operation, Drama Centre London was a member of the Federation of Drama Schools, it offered BA (Hons) and MA acting courses.

Central Saint Martins
Central Saint Martins is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art university in London, England. The college offers full-time courses at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and a variety of short and summer courses.

It was formerly known as Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, and before that as Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.
Coracoid process
The coracoid process (from Greek κόραξ, raven) is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula (hence: coracoid, or "like a raven's beak"). Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint.  It is palpable in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
Bifurcation diagram
In mathematics, particularly in dynamical systems, a bifurcation diagram shows the values visited or approached asymptotically (fixed points, periodic orbits, or chaotic attractors) of a system as a function of a bifurcation parameter in the system.  It is usual to represent stable values with a solid line and unstable values with a dotted line, although often the unstable points are omitted. Bifurcation diagrams enable the visualization of bifurcation theory. In the context of discrete-time dynamical systems, the diagram is also called orbit diagram.

Bifurcation theory
Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family of curves, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations. Most commonly applied to the mathematical study of dynamical systems, a bifurcation occurs when a small smooth change made to the parameter values (the bifurcation parameters) of a system causes a sudden "qualitative" or topological change in its behavior. Bifurcations occur in both continuous systems (described by ordinary, delay or partial differential equations) and discrete systems (described by maps).

The name "bifurcation" was first introduced by Henri Poincaré in 1885 in the first paper in mathematics showing such a behavior.
First Capital Bank Zimbabwe Limited
First Capital Bank Zimbabwe Limited, formerly known as Barclays Bank of Zimbabwe, is a commercial bank in Zimbabwe, licensed by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, the central bank and national banking regulator.

The bank is a subsidiary of FMBCapital Holdings Plc, a financial services conglomerate, based in Mauritius with other subsidiaries in Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia.

First Capital Bank Malawi Limited
First Capital Bank Malawi Plc, formerly known as First Merchant Bank Plc, is a commercial bank in Malawi. It is licensed by the Reserve Bank of Malawi, the central bank and national banking regulator. It is a subsidiary of FMB Capital Holdings.
Daniel Amos
Daniel Amos (aka D. A., Dä) is an American Christian rock band formed in 1974 by Terry Scott Taylor on guitars and vocals, Marty Dieckmeyer on bass guitar, Steve Baxter on guitars and Jerry Chamberlain on lead guitars. The band currently consists of Taylor, guitarist Greg Flesch and drummer Ed McTaggart. Over the band's career, they have included keyboardist Mark Cook, drummer Alex MacDougall, bassist Tim Chandler and keyboardist Rob Watson with sounds that experimented with country rock, rock, new wave and alternative rock.

Terry Scott Taylor
Terry Scott Taylor (born May 24, 1950) is an American songwriter, record producer, musician, and a founding member of the bands Daniel Amos and The Swirling Eddies (credited as Camarillo Eddy). He is also a member of the roots and alternative music group Lost Dogs.
Sarong
A sarong or a sarung (Malay pronunciation: [saˈroŋ], /səˈrɒŋ/) is a large tube or length of fabric, often wrapped around the waist, worn in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, Northern Africa, East Africa, West Africa, and on many Pacific islands. The fabric may be brightly colored by means of batik or ikat dyeing. Many modern sarongs have printed designs, often depicting animals or plants. Different types of sarongs are worn in different places in the world, notably the lungi in the Indian subcontinent and the izaar in the Arabian Peninsula.

The unisex sarong is typically longer than the men's lungi.

Izaar
An izaar, also izar or ʾizār (Arabic: إِزَار), also known as maʿawaz (مَعَوَز), futah (فُوطَة), wizar (وِزَار), maqtab (مَقْطَب) is a traditional lower garment that is frequently used by men in Oman, Somaliland, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Yemenis commonly wear izzars at home and work.  It is also used by some in Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, and the Horn of Africa (Djibouti and Eritrea). A white izaar is typically worn underneath thawbs in Oman and the UAE instead of sirwal sunnah.

In the Indian subcontinent, the word izār in Hindustani colloquially referred to trousers or open drawers, thereby entering other Indian languages in different forms, like nijār in Madras Tamil, via Dakkani Urdu nizār.
Brett DiBiase
Brett DiBiase (born March 16, 1988) is an American retired professional wrestler and professional wrestling referee. He is best known for his time in Florida Championship Wrestling, WWE's developmental territory. He is a former FCW Florida Tag Team Champion with Joe Hennig as The Fortunate Sons.

DiBiase is a third-generation professional wrestler. His grandmother Helen Hild and adoptive grandfather Iron Mike DiBiase were professional wrestlers, as was his father, "The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase's older brothers, Mike and Ted Jr., were also professional wrestlers.

In December 2020, he pleaded guilty to making fraudulent statements concerning a role in the Mississippi welfare funds scandal, and received a $48,000 fine. In March 2023, he would also plead guilty in federal court to conspiracy to defraud the United States government and is awaiting his sentence.

Iron Mike DiBiase
Michael DiBiase (December 24, 1923 – July 2, 1969) was an American professional wrestler also known by his ring name "Iron" Mike DiBiase. The adoptive father of professional wrestler "The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase, he was married to Ted's mother Helen Hild (also a professional wrestler), and was the grandfather of Mike, Ted Jr., and Brett DiBiase.
Sidney Paget
Sidney Edward Paget (/ˈpædʒɪt/; 4 October 1860 – 28 January 1908) was an English illustrator best known for his illustrations that accompanied Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories in The Strand Magazine.

The Strand Magazine
The Strand Magazine was a monthly British magazine founded by George Newnes, composed of short fiction and general interest articles. It was published in the United Kingdom from January 1891 to March 1950, running to 711 issues, though the first issue was on sale well before Christmas 1890.
Its immediate popularity is evidenced by an initial sale of nearly 300,000. Sales increased in the early months, before settling down to a circulation of almost 500,000 copies a month, which lasted well into the 1930s.

It was edited by Herbert Greenhough Smith from 1891 to 1930. The popularity of Sherlock Holmes became widespread after first appearing in the magazine in 1891. The magazine's original offices were on Burleigh Street off The Strand, London. It was revived in 1998 as a quarterly magazine.
Fiat Aviazione
Fiat Aviazione was an Italian aircraft manufacturer, at one time part of the Fiat group, focused mainly on military aviation. After World War I, Fiat consolidated several Italian small aircraft manufacturers, like Pomilio and Ansaldo. Most famous were the Fiat biplane fighter aircraft of the 1930s,  the Fiat CR.32 and  the Fiat CR.42. Other notable designs were the fighters CR.20, G.50, G.55 and a bomber, the Fiat BR.20. In the 1950s, the company designed the G.91 light ground attack plane.

In 1969, Fiat Aviazione merged with Aerfer to create Aeritalia, which would become Alenia Aeronautica in 1990.

Aerfer
Aerfer was an Italian manufacturing company created in 1955 by the merger of IMAM and Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali. The name is a contraction of Costruzioni Aeronautiche e Ferroviarie (Aeronautical and Railway Constructions).

In the 1950s and 1960s, Aerfer manufactured bodies for trolleybuses for several cities, particularly in Italy (including the Naples trolleybus system), but also some for foreign trolleybus systems, such as those of Mexico City and Istanbul, Turkey.

In 1969, the company merged with Salmoiraghi and the aviation division of Fiat to create Aeritalia.

The firm is remembered mostly in connection with the development of Italy's first supersonic jet, the Aerfer Sagittario 2.
Parlement
Under the French Ancien Régime, a parlement (French pronunciation: [paʁləmɑ̃] ⓘ) was a provincial appellate court of the Kingdom of France. In 1789, France had 13 parlements, the original and most important of which was the Parlement of Paris. Though both the modern French term parlement (for the legislature) and the English word "parliament" derive from this French term, the Ancien Régime parlements were not legislative bodies and the modern and ancient terminology are not interchangeable.

Parlement of Paris
The Parlement of Paris (French: Parlement de Paris) was the oldest parlement in the Kingdom of France, formed in the 14th century. Parlements were judicial, rather than legislative, bodies and were composed of magistrates. Though not representative bodies in the present sense of the word, they had procedures and authorities that could delay the otherwise unchecked power of the King. Because of its location and history, the Parlement of Paris was the most significant. 
The Parlement of Paris was established under Philip IV of France in 1302. The Parlement of Paris would hold sessions inside the medieval royal palace on the Île de la Cité, which today is the site of the Paris Hall of Justice.
Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Field Marshal Shri Shri Shri Maharaja Sir Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (Nepali: जुद्ध शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा) GCB GCSI GCIE (19 April 1875 in Narayanhity Palace, Kathmandu – 20 November 1952 in Dehradun, India) was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 1 September 1932 to 29 November 1945 as the head of the Rana dynasty.

He was the Field marshal and Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski. He is credited for rebuilding the Dharahara which was destroyed by the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
The Night the World Exploded
The Night the World Exploded is a 1957 American science fiction disaster film directed by Fred F. Sears. The film was written by Jack Natteford and Luci Ward and produced by Sam Katzman. Both Katzman and Sears were known for their B movie films. The film was released in June 1957 by Columbia Pictures on a double bill with The Giant Claw (1957) .

The Giant Claw
The Giant Claw is a 1957 American monster film from Columbia Pictures, produced by Sam Katzman, directed by Fred F. Sears, that stars Jeff Morrow and Mara Corday, and featuring Morris Ankrum, Dabbs Greer and Robert Shayne. Both Sears and Katzman were well known as low-budget B film genre filmmakers. The film was released as a double feature with The Night the World Exploded.
Malayic languages
The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The most prominent member is Malay, a pluricentric language given national status in Brunei and Singapore while also providing the basis for national standards Malaysian in Malaysia and Indonesian in Indonesia. The Malayic branch also includes local languages spoken by ethnic Malays (e.g. Jambi Malay, Kedah Malay), further several languages spoken by various other ethnic groups of Sumatra, Indonesia (e.g. Minangkabau) and Borneo (e.g. Banjarese, Iban) even as far as Urak Lawoi in the southwestern coast of Thailand.

The most probable candidate for the urheimat of the Malayic languages is western Borneo prior to spread in Sumatra.

Iban language
The Iban language (jaku Iban) is spoken by the Iban, one of the Dayak ethnic groups who live in Brunei, the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan and in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It belongs to the Malayic subgroup, a Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

Iban has reached a stage of becoming a koiné language in Sarawak due to contact with groups speaking other related Ibanic languages within the state. It is ranked as Level 5 (i.e. "safe") in term of endangerment on Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS). Since 2024, the Iban language is included in Google Translate under Malaysia domain.