hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1985 South African Grand Prix
The 1985 South African Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 19 October 1985 at the Kyalami Circuit in South Africa. It was the fifteenth and penultimate round of the 1985 FIA Formula One World Championship.

The race was marked with some teams boycotting the event due to apartheid – the segregation of blacks and whites – and was the last South African Formula One race until apartheid ended in 1992. The race was won by Nigel Mansell in a Williams-Honda, who also took pole position.

1992 South African Grand Prix
The 1992 South African Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Kyalami circuit in Midrand, South Africa on 1 March 1992. It was the opening round of the 1992 Formula One World Championship and was contested over 72 laps. It was the 32nd South African Grand Prix, and the 22nd as part of the World Championship. Nigel Mansell dominated the weekend in his Williams-Renault, taking pole position, fastest lap and leading every lap of the race en route to victory for the second time in his career. Mansell's teammate, Riccardo Patrese, asserted the dominance of the car by completing a 1–2 finish. Ayrton Senna completed the podium for the McLaren team.

This was the first post-apartheid South African Grand Prix, the last running of the race having been in 1985 during Premier P. W. Botha's state of emergency. It was held on a revised Kyalami circuit, which used only a small part of the old layout.
Parke County, Indiana
Parke County lies in the western part of the U.S. state of Indiana along the Wabash River. The county was formed in 1821 out of a portion of Vigo County. According to the 2020 census, the population was 16,156. The county seat is Rockville. It has a population density of about 39 inhabitants per square mile (15/km2). The county contains six incorporated towns and many unincorporated communities. It is divided into 13 townships which provide local services.

Two U.S. Routes and five state highways pass through or into the county, along with one major railroad line.

Parke County has 31 covered bridges and is widely referred to as the 'Covered Bridge Capital of the World'.  It is the site for the Parke County Covered Bridge Festival which has been held in October each year.

Parke County is included in the Terre Haute, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Vigo County, Indiana
Vigo County (/ˈviːɡoʊ/ VEE-goh) is a county on the western border of the U.S. state of Indiana. The county is included in the Terre Haute metropolitan area. According to the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 106,153. Its county seat is Terre Haute.

The county contains four incorporated settlements with a total population of nearly 63,000, as well as several unincorporated communities. It is divided into twelve townships which provide local services to the residents.

The county was once regarded as one of the best bellwether regions for voting in U.S. presidential elections; it voted for the winning candidate in every election from 1956 to 2016 and in all but three elections since 1888. Until the streak ended in 2020, only one county in the United States, Valencia County, New Mexico, had voted for the winning candidate longer.
BMW B58
The BMW B58 is a turbocharged straight-six engine, which began production in 2015. The B58 replaced the N55 and was launched in the F30 340i.

The B58 is part of BMW's modular engine family, each engine using a displacement of 500 cc (30.5 cu in) per cylinder, following the B38 and B48 engine.

The B58 engine was named to Ward's World's 10 Best Engines five times, in 2016 (installed in the 340i), 2017 (M240i), 2019 (X5) 2020, (M340i). and 2024 (BMW X5 xDrive50e)

The S58 engine, which was released in early 2019, is the high-performance version of the B58. It was named to Ward's World's 10 Best Engines in 2023 (installed in the M2).

BMW X5 (G05)
The G05 BMW X5 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by German automaker BMW. It is the fourth and current generation of the BMW X5. It was launched in 2018 as the successor to the F15 X5. Sales of the X5 started in November 2018. The X5 M and X5 M Competition (F95) performance models were revealed on 1 October 2019.
James Creed Meredith
James Creed Meredith (28 November 1875 – 14 August 1942) was an Irish judge who served as a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1937 to 1942 and a Judge of the High Court from 1924 to 1937. He was best known as a nationalist of the early 20th century who upheld Brehon Law. He was President of the Dáil Courts and a Chief Judicial Commissioner of Ireland.

He was selected by the League of Nations to oversee the 1935 Saar status referendum. He was also a noted scholar, philosopher and author, whose 1911 translation of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgement is still widely used by students today. In 1896, he won the British championship for the Quarter mile race. He was the grandfather of the bronze casting sculptor Rowan Gillespie.

Dáil Courts
The Dáil Courts (also known as Republican Courts)  were the judicial branch of government of the Irish Republic, which had unilaterally declared independence in 1919. They were formally established by a decree of the First Dáil on 29 June 1920, replacing more limited Arbitration Courts that had been authorised a year earlier. The Dáil Courts were an integral part of the Irish Republic's policy of undermining British rule in Ireland by establishing a monopoly on the legitimate use of force. They continued in operation until shortly into the life of the Irish Free State, which was established on 6 December 1922, after the approval of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
Organ of Corti
The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea. This highly varied strip of epithelial cells allows for transduction of auditory signals into nerve impulses' action potential. Transduction occurs through vibrations of structures in the inner ear causing displacement of cochlear fluid and movement of hair cells at the organ of Corti to produce electrochemical signals.

Italian anatomist Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti (1822–1876) discovered the organ of Corti in 1851. The structure evolved from the basilar papilla and is crucial for mechanotransduction in mammals.

Tympanic duct
The tympanic duct or scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the inner ear of humans. It is separated from the cochlear duct by the basilar membrane, and it extends from the round window to the helicotrema, where it continues as vestibular duct.

The purpose of the perilymph-filled tympanic duct and vestibular duct is to transduce the movement of air that causes the tympanic membrane and the ossicles to vibrate causing movement of liquid and the basilar membrane. This movement is conveyed to the organ of Corti inside the cochlear duct, composed of hair cells attached to the basilar membrane and their stereocilia embedded in the tectorial membrane. The movement of the basilar membrane compared to the tectorial membrane causes the stereocilia to bend. They then depolarise and send impulses to the brain via the cochlear nerve. This produces the sensation of sound.
Carnivore (software)
Carnivore, later renamed DCS1000, was a system implemented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. It used a customizable packet sniffer that could monitor all of a target user's Internet traffic. Carnivore was implemented in October 1997. By 2005 it had been replaced with improved commercial software.

Data Intercept Technology Unit
The Data Intercept Technology Unit (DITU, pronounced DEE-too) is a unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States, which is responsible for intercepting telephone calls and e-mail messages of terrorists and foreign intelligence targets inside the US. It is not known when DITU was established, but the unit already existed in 1997.

DITU is part of the FBI's Operational Technology Division (OTD), which is responsible for all technical intelligence collection, and is located at Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia, which is also the home of the FBI's training academy. OTD had organized its activities into seven regions.
Vector M12
The Vector M12 is a sports car manufactured by Vector Aeromotive under parent company Megatech, and was the first car produced after the hostile takeover of the company from Jerry Wiegert by the Indonesian company Megatech. The model was produced from 1995 to 1999, when production was halted due to slow sales of the car. The production totaled 17 units including the prototypes.

Vector W8
The Vector W8 is a sports car produced by American automobile manufacturer Vector Aeromotive Corporation from 1989 to 1993. It was designed by company founder and chief designer Jerry Wiegert while receiving refinements by Vector's head of engineering David Kostka. The W8 was the production version of the Vector W2 prototype that the company demonstrated throughout the 1980s.
Borislav Ivkov
Borislav Ivkov (12 November 1933 – 14 February 2022) was a Yugoslav and Serbian chess Grandmaster, three-time Yugoslav Champion (1958, 1964, 1972), the first World Junior Champion (1951), and one of the most decorated players in the history of Chess Olympiad. He was a World championship candidate in 1965 and played in four more Interzonal tournaments in 1967, 1970, 1973 and 1979.

He represented Yugoslavia 12 times in Olympiad competition, from 1956 to 1980, and six times in European Team Championships.

Ivkov won numerous top-class events during his career; notable tournament triumphs include Mar del Plata 1955, Buenos Aires 1955, Beverwijk 1961, Zagreb 1965, Sarajevo 1967, Amsterdam-IBM 1974, and Moscow 1999. For more than 15 years from the mid-1950s, he was the second-ranking Yugoslav player, after Svetozar Gligorić. He wrote an autobiography, My 60 Years in Chess.

Petar Trifunović
Petar Trifunović (Serbian Cyrillic; Петар Трифуновић;  31 August 1910 – 8 December 1980) was a Yugoslav and Serbian chess player, who was awarded the international grandmaster title, and was a five-time Yugoslav champion.
Jennifer Reid
Jennifer Reid is a Canadian-American historian whose research focuses on the relationship of religion with colonialization or globalization, as well as methodology in religious studies. A 2015 Guggenheim Fellow, she is the author of Myth, Symbol, and Colonial Encounter (1995), Louis Riel and the Creation of Modern Canada (2008), and Finding Kluskap (2013). She was a professor at University of Maine at Farmington.

Louis Riel and the Creation of Modern Canada
Louis Riel and the Creation of Modern Canada: Mythic Discourse and the Postcolonial State is a 2008 book by Canadian historian Jennifer Reid. Focusing on the Métis leader Louis Riel, it explores his legacy as a national hero and the broader concepts of Canadian identity and the Canadian state, as well as how the former is intrinsically connected with the latter. The book received a mixed reception in academic and journalistic circles; despite some positive reviews, critics were divided on the coverage and viability of its arguments and criticized its accuracy and sourcing.
The Secret Kingdom (children's book)
The Secret Kingdom: Nek Chand, a Changing India, and a Hidden World of Art is a nonfiction children's picture book by American author Barb Rosenstock and illustrated by Claire A. Nivola. It was published on February 13, 2018 by Candlewick Press. The book tells the story of Nek Chand, an artist who preserved his culture by creating the Chandigarh Rock Garden after fleeing violence following the India-Pakistan partition of 1947. Chand recreated his village with the ruins of the villages he found beneath the modern city, which became a cultural haven to residents and visitors alike.

School Library Journal reviews The Secret Kingdom as a "captivating biographical narrative", bringing life to the "kingdom of magic and imagination". Publishers' Weekly describes it as a "gratifying" story, conveying art's power to "revitalize and restore."

The Secret Kingdom received the NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor and the South Asian Book Award in 2019.

Barb Rosenstock
Barb Rosenstock (born 1 April 1960) is an American author and illustrator of children's literature books. In 2015, her book The Noisy Paint Box, illustrated by Mary Grandpré, received a Caldecott Honor, The Secret Kingdom and Otis and Will discover the deep won Orbis Pictus Honor, and Through the Window won Sydney Taylor Honor and the California Library Association Beatty Award as well as numerous national and state recognitions.
Kristen Sellgren
Kristen Sellgren (born November 14, 1955) is an American retired astronomer and Professor Emerita at the College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Ohio State University. She won the Newton Lacy Pierce Prize in Astronomy in 1990. She is the founder of American Astronomical Society's Committee for Sexual-Orientation & Gender Minorities in Astronomy (SGMA).

Newton Lacy Pierce Prize in Astronomy
The Newton Lacy Pierce Prize in Astronomy is awarded annually by the American Astronomical Society to a young (less than age 36) astronomer for outstanding achievement in observational astronomical research. The prize is named after Newton Lacy Pierce, an American astronomer.
Greiz station
Greiz station is located in the town of Greiz in the German state of Thuringia. It is on the Gera Süd–Weischlitz railway, which is still in operation, and the Neumark–Greiz railway, which has been suspended since 1999, branches off there.

Greiz
Greiz (/ɡraɪts/ gryts; German pronunciation: [ɡʁaɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the state of Thuringia, Germany, and is the capital of the district of Greiz. Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia, 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of the state capital Erfurt, on the White Elster river.

Greiz has a large park in its centre (Fürstlich Greizer Park) which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstraße, Burgstraße, Marktstraße, Waldstraße, and Leonhardtstraße, with their Jugendstil houses, are well-known examples of that architectural style.
Mileševka
The Mileševka (Serbian Cyrillic: Милешевка), or Mileševska River (Serbian: Милешевска река / Mileševska reka, "Mileševa River"), is a river in southwestern Serbia and a major tributary of the Lim. It is part of the Danube catchment basin.

Lim (river)
The Lim (Serbian Cyrillic: Лим, pronounced [lîm]) or Vermosh River (Albanian: Lumi i Vermoshit) is a river that flows through Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and is 219 km (136 mi) long. It is also the right and the longest tributary of the Drina.
Tramila Bhattacharya
Tramila Bhattacharya (also Bhattacherjee; born 11 May 1984) is an Indian actress and politician who works in Bengali and Hindi television and films. She started her career in the Bengali serial Seemarekha on Doordarshan Bangla in the 1990s.

She has appeared in serials including Mohini, Prati Chuyanno Minute, Pratiksha ektu bhalobashar, Ekak Dashak Shatak, Poush Faguner Pala, Ananya, Sonar Harin, Ghente GHA, Rajjotak, Aaj Ari kaal Bhaab, Mayurpankshi, Mohor, Potol Kumar Gaanwala, Adorini, Jay Kali Kalkattawali, Jay Kanhaiya Laal Ki, Jiyon Kathi, Mom Palok, Mou-Er-Bari, Agni Juger Padatik, Surjomukhi, Jiban rekha, Subarna Golok, Aloukik, Haste Mana, Ek Je Achhe Kanya, Durbeen, Ajob Saja, and others. She also worked on the streaming television series Hello, which was released on Hoichoi.

Mayurpankhi
Mayurpankhi is an Indian Bengali television soap opera that  premiered on 12 November 2018, and  aired on Bengali General Entertainment Channel Star Jalsha, and is also available on the digital platform Hotstar. The show was produced by Magic Moments Motion Pictures of Saibal Banerjee and Leena Gangopadhyay.

The show starred Sohini Guha Roy (of Colors Bangla's show "Resham Jhanpi" fame)  and Soumya Mukherjee (who had previously acted in a Hoichoi web series). The show explores the star crossed romance of Tisham and Souradeep who struggle to unite for their love under adverse circumstances.
Heroine? Saint? No, I'm an All-Works Maid (and Proud of It)!
Heroine? Saint? No, I'm an All-Works Maid (and Proud of It)! (Japanese: ヒロイン？聖女？いいえ、オールワークスメイドです（誇）！, Hepburn: Hiroin? Seijo? Īe, Ōruwākusu Meido Desu (Hoko)!) is a Japanese light novel series written by Atekichi and illustrated by Yukiko. It began serialization on the user-generated novel publishing websites Shōsetsuka ni Narō and Kakuyomu in February 2017. It was later acquired by TO Books who began publishing the series under their TO Bunko imprint in March 2020. A manga adaptation illustrated by Keiko began serialization on the Nico Nico Seiga website under TO Books' Comic Corona brand in May 2021. An anime television series adaptation produced by EMT Squared has been announced.

Shōsetsuka ni Narō
Shōsetsuka ni Narō (小説家になろう; lit. "Let's Become a Novelist") is a Japanese novel self-publishing website created by Yusuke Umezaki (梅崎 祐輔, Umezaki Yūsuke). It was launched on April 2, 2004. Users can upload their novels free of charge and the novels are also free to read. As of December 2022, the site hosts close to 1,000,000 novels, has over 2,300,000 registered users and it receives over 1 billion page views per month.

Over one hundred novel series uploaded to the site have been acquired by various publishers, such as Log Horizon, serialized from 2010 before being acquired by Enterbrain in 2011, and The Irregular at Magic High School, which was serialized between 2008 and 2011 before being acquired by ASCII Media Works.

Futabasha's light novel imprint Monster Bunko was established on July 30, 2014, which exclusively publishes series that originated on Shōsetsuka ni Narō.
Johannes Peter Müller
Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858) was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist, known not only for his discoveries but also for his ability to synthesize knowledge. The paramesonephric duct (Müllerian duct) was named in his honor.

Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (German: [ˈhɛnlə]; 9 July 1809 – 13 May 1885) was a German physician, pathologist, and anatomist.  He is credited with the discovery of the loop of Henle in the kidney.  His essay, "On Miasma and Contagia," was an early argument for the germ theory of disease.  He was an important figure in the development of modern medicine.
Bloch's higher Chow group
In algebraic geometry, Bloch's higher Chow groups, a generalization of Chow group, is a precursor and a basic example of motivic cohomology (for smooth varieties). It was introduced by Spencer Bloch (Bloch 1986) and the basic theory has been developed by Bloch and Marc Levine.

In more precise terms, a theorem of Voevodsky implies: for a smooth scheme X over a field and integers p, q, there is a natural isomorphism

between motivic cohomology groups and higher Chow groups.

Chow group
In algebraic geometry, the Chow groups (named after Wei-Liang Chow by Claude Chevalley (1958)) of an algebraic variety over any field are algebro-geometric analogs of the homology of a topological space. The elements of the Chow group are formed out of subvarieties (so-called algebraic cycles) in a similar way to how simplicial or cellular homology groups are formed out of subcomplexes.  When the variety is smooth, the Chow groups can be interpreted as cohomology groups (compare Poincaré duality) and have a multiplication called the intersection product.  The Chow groups carry rich information about an algebraic variety, and they are correspondingly hard to compute in general.
James Hardiman
James Hardiman (February 1782 – 13 November 1855), also known as Séamus Ó hArgadáin, was a librarian at Queen's College, Galway and an important historian.

Hardiman is best remembered for his History of the Town and County of Galway (1820) and Irish Minstrelsy (1831), one of the first published collections of Irish poetry and songs.

University of Galway
The University of Galway (Irish: Ollscoil na Gaillimhe) is a public research university located in the city of Galway, Ireland. The university was founded in 1845 as Queen's College, Galway. It was known as "University College, Galway" (UCG) (Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile, Gaillimh) from 1908 to 1997 and as "National University of Ireland Galway" (NUI Galway) (Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh; OÉ Gaillimh) from 1997 to 2022. In September 2022, it changed its name to "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway". It is also a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of 42 long-established European universities.
Bisrakh
Bisrakh Jalalpur is a village near Kisan Chowk in Greater Noida (West), India. It is a part of Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state. This  village is said to be the birthplace of the king Ravana, who ruled Lanka in the epic Ramayana.

During the Dussehara festival, which celebrates Rama's victory over Ravana, effigies of Ravana are burnt in several parts of India. However, in Bisrakh, the nine days of Navratra ending in Dassehara are observed as a period of mourning when they offer prayers for peace to the soul of Ravana and perform Yagna. Locals believe that if Ramlila were to be performed in the village, it would trigger the wrath of Ravana on the villagers.

Gautam Buddha Nagar district
Gautam Buddha Nagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh, named after Gautama Buddha. It is a part of Delhi National Capital Region and is divided into 3 sub-divisions (Tehsils) of Noida, Dadri and Jewar. Greater Noida is the administrative headquarters of Gautam Buddha Nagar district. Noida, Greater Noida, Dadri, Jewar, YEIDA City and Dankaur fall under this district.
Lycée français René Descartes de Phnom Penh
The Lycée français René Descartes de Phnom Penh is a private French school in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, operated under agreement with the Agency for French Education Abroad (Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger; AEFE).

The school serves up until terminale, the final year of lycée (senior high school). Degrees offered include the Brevet des Collèges and the Baccalauréat (S, ES and L depending on demand).

Classes range from petite section (maternelle) to terminale (S, ES, L)

The school has one canteen, a basketball court and a handball court (which can be transformed in a soccer football court), a gym, and a swimming pool.

Agency for French Education Abroad
The Agency for French Education Abroad, also known as the Agency for French Teaching Abroad (French: Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger; AEFE), is a national public agency under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France that ensures the quality of schools teaching the French national curriculum outside France. The AEFE has 495 schools in its worldwide network, with French as the primary language of instruction in most schools.

The AEFE head office is in the 14th arrondissement of Paris.
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fan-shaped muscle located in the neck. It is one of three pharyngeal constrictor muscles. It is smaller than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

The middle pharyngeal constrictor originates from the greater cornu and lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, and the stylohyoid ligament. It inserts onto the pharyngeal raphe. It is innervated by a branch of the vagus nerve through the pharyngeal plexus. It acts to propel a bolus downwards along the pharynx towards the esophagus, facilitating swallowing.

Pharyngeal plexus
The pharyngeal plexus is a nerve plexus located upon the outer surface of the pharynx. It contains a motor component (derived from the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)), a sensory component (derived from the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX)), and sympathetic component (derived from the superior cervical ganglion).

The plexus provides motor innervation to most muscles of the soft palate (all but the tensor veli palatini muscle) and most muscles of the pharynx (all but the stylopharyngeus muscle). The larynx meanwhile receives motor innervation from the vagus nerve (CN X) via its external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and its recurrent laryngeal nerve, and not through the pharyngeal plexus.