hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnold Eucken
Arnold Thomas Eucken (German: [ˈɔʏkn̩]; 3 July 1884 – 16 June 1950) was a German chemist and physicist. He is known for his contribution to thermodynamics and molecular physics, in particular, for the discovery of Eucken's law of thermal conductivity, the measurement of the heat capacity of hydrogen at low temperatures, and the development of the Eucken–Polanyi potential theory of adsorption.

Polanyi potential theory
In physical chemistry, the Polanyi potential theory, also called Polanyi's potential theory of adsorption or Eucken–Polanyi potential theory, is a model of adsorption proposed independently by Michael Polanyi and Arnold Eucken. Under this model, adsorption can be measured through the equilibrium between the chemical potential of a gas near the surface and the chemical potential of the gas from a large distance away.

In this model, the attraction largely due to Van der Waals forces of the gas to the surface is determined by the position of the gas particle from the surface, and that the gas behaves as an ideal gas until condensation where the gas exceeds its equilibrium vapor pressure. While the adsorption theory of William Henry is more applicable in low pressure and the adsorption isotherm equation from Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory is more useful at from 0.05 to 0.35 P/P0, the Polanyi potential theory has much more application at higher P/P0 (≈ 0.1–0.8).
Scott Thorson
Scott Thorson (January 23, 1959 – August 16, 2024) was an American known for his relationship with and lawsuit against Liberace. Thorson wrote a memoir on his time with Liberace, Behind the Candelabra: My Life with Liberace, which was published in 1988 and adapted into the Emmy-winning film Behind the Candelabra in 2013. Thorson was also a key witness in the trial for the 1981 killings, known as the Wonderland Massacre.

Wonderland murders
34°06′42″N 118°23′10″W﻿ / ﻿34.1117°N 118.3861°W﻿ / 34.1117; -118.3861

The Wonderland murders, also known as the Four on the Floor Murders or the Laurel Canyon Murders, are four unsolved murders that occurred in
Los Angeles on July 1, 1981. It is assumed that five people were targeted to be killed in the known drug house of the Wonderland Gang, three of whom—Ron Launius, William "Billy" Deverell and Joy Miller—and the girlfriend of an accomplice, Barbara Richardson, died from extensive blunt-force trauma injuries. Only Launius' wife Susan survived the attack, allegedly masterminded by organized crime figure and nightclub owner Eddie Nash. Nash, his henchman Gregory Diles and porn actor John Holmes were at various times arrested, tried and acquitted for their involvement in the murders.
Sam Marx
Samuel Simon Marx (born Simon Marx; October 23, 1859 – May 10, 1933) was the father of the American entertainers known as the Marx Brothers, stars of vaudeville, Broadway and film, and the husband of Minnie Marx, who served as the group's manager.

Minnie Marx
Minnie Marx (born Miene Schönberg, 9 November 1864 – 13 September 1929) was the mother and manager of the Marx Brothers, a family of top-billed vaudevillians, top Broadway stars and, finally, film stars. She was also the sister of comedian and vaudeville star Al Shean.
Aldhelm
Aldhelm (Old English: Ealdhelm, Latin: Aldhelmus Malmesberiensis; c. 639 – 25 May 709), Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey, Bishop of Sherborne, and a writer and scholar of Latin poetry, was born before the middle of the 7th century. He is said to have been the son of Kenten, who was of the royal house of Wessex. He was certainly not, as his early biographer Faritius asserts, the brother of King Ine. After his death he was venerated as a saint, his feast day being the day of his death, 25 May.

Bishop of Salisbury
The Bishop of Salisbury is the ordinary of the Church of England's Diocese of Salisbury in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers much of the counties of Wiltshire and Dorset. The see is in the City of Salisbury where the bishop's seat is in the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The current bishop is Stephen Lake.
Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1882)
Princess Alexandra of Hanover (Alexandra Louise Marie Olga Elisabeth Therese Vera; 29 September 1882 – 30 August 1963) was Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin as the wife of Grand Duke Frederick Francis IV from their marriage on 7 June 1904 until the Grand Duke abdicated on 14 November 1918, following the German Revolution of 1918. Alexandra was the daughter of Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, and Princess Thyra of Denmark.

Frederick Francis IV
Frederick Francis IV (Friedrich Franz Michael; 9 April 1882 – 17 November 1945) was the last Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and regent of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He inherited the throne when he was fifteen years old in 1897 and was forced to renounce it in 1918.
Darkest Hour: A Hearts of Iron Game
Darkest Hour: A Hearts of Iron Game is a 2011 grand strategy video game developed by Martin Ivanov and published by Paradox Interactive. It is the first installment in the Hearts of Iron series to not be developed by Paradox Development Studio, instead being developed by a team of independent developers led by Ivanov; Paradox let them use their in-house Europa Engine.

In Darkest Hour, as is the case with other Hearts of Iron titles, the player can take control of almost any country that existed in the game's timeframe, which spans from 1914-1920 or 1933–1964 depending on the scenario. Management of the state includes its political, diplomatic, espionage, economic, military, and technological aspects. The game was released on 5 April 2011.

Paradox Development Studio
Paradox Development Studio (PDS) is a Swedish video game developer founded in 1995. It is closely associated with its parent company and video game publisher, Paradox Interactive. It is best known for its grand strategy wargame series Europa Universalis, Hearts of Iron, Victoria, Crusader Kings, Stellaris, and Imperator.
Gábor Szegő
Gábor Szegő (Hungarian: [ˈɡaːbor ˈsɛɡøː]) (January 20, 1895 – August 7, 1985) was a Hungarian-American mathematician. He was one of the foremost mathematical analysts of his generation and made fundamental contributions to the theory of orthogonal polynomials and Toeplitz matrices building on the work of his contemporary Otto Toeplitz.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
William Powell
William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor, known primarily for his film career. Under contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, he was paired with Myrna Loy in 14 films, including the Thin Man series based on the Nick and Nora Charles characters created by Dashiell Hammett. Powell was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times: for The Thin Man (1934), My Man Godfrey (1936), and Life with Father (1947).

Nick and Nora Charles
Nick and Nora Charles are fictional characters created by Dashiell Hammett in his novel The Thin Man.  The characters were later adapted for film in a series of films between 1934 and 1947; for radio from 1941 to 1950; for television from 1957 through 1959; as a Broadway musical in 1991; and as a stage play in 2009.
Coccolith
Coccoliths are individual plates or scales of calcium carbonate formed by coccolithophores (single-celled phytoplankton such as Emiliania huxleyi) and cover the cell surface arranged in the form of a spherical shell, called a coccosphere.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Brittany Hayes
Brittany Hayes (born February 7, 1985) is an American water polo player. She was a member of the US water polo team that won a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Hayes was born in Orange County, California, and attended Foothill High School in Tustin, California, then went on to the University of Southern California for her undergraduate degree and the University of California, Irvine, for her graduate degree. Hayes then went on to Loyola Law School in Los Angeles, California.

Hayes now works as a workers compensation attorney in Orange County, California.

United States women's national water polo team
The United States women's national water polo team represents the United States in international women's water polo competitions and friendly matches. It is one of the leading teams in the world since the late 1990s. Women's water polo has been on the international stage since 1978 and was an exhibition sport at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics coached by Sandy Nitta before being introduced as a full medal sport in 2000.

On March 27, 2009, USA Water Polo named Adam Krikorian the head coach of the United States women's national team. Krikorian was the UCLA men's and women's water polo team head coach.
Matt Lauer
Matthew Todd Lauer (/laʊər/; born December 30, 1957) is an American television news personality, best known for his work with NBC News. After serving as a local news personality, in New York City, on WNBC, his first national exposure was as the news anchor for NBC's Today, from 1994 to 1997. In 1997, Lauer was moved from the news desk to the host's chair. He was co-anchor of Today, from 1997 to 2017. He was also a frequent contributor to the evening news magazine Dateline NBC. With NBC, Lauer hosted the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade and co-hosted the opening ceremonies of several Olympic Games.

In November 2017, Lauer's contract was terminated by NBC, after NBC reported receiving "a detailed complaint from a colleague about inappropriate sexual behavior in the workplace" and added that NBC had "reason to believe this may not have been an isolated incident".

WNBC
WNBC (channel 4) is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the NBC television network, owned and operated through its NBC Owned Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Linden, New Jersey–licensed Telemundo outlet WNJU (channel 47), the two stations share studios and offices at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in Midtown Manhattan, co-located with NBC's corporate headquarters, and broadcast from the same transmitter at One World Trade Center; WNJU's facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey, also serve as WNBC's New Jersey news bureau.

WNBC holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously operating commercial television station in the United States.
Wet sulfuric acid process
The wet sulfuric acid process (WSA process) is a gas desulfurization process introduced by Danish company Haldor Topsoe in 1987. The WSA process can be applied in all industries where sulfur removal presents an issue, and produces commercial quality sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and high-pressure steam during desulfurization.

The wet catalysis process is used for processing sulfur-containing streams, such as:

H2S gas from e.g. amine gas treating unit

Off-gas from sour water stripper (SWS) gas

Off-gas from Rectisol

Spent acid from an alkylation unit

Claus process tail gas

Heavy residue or petcoke-fired utility boiler off-gas

Boiler flue gases from various processes SNOX flue gas desulfurization

Metallurgical process gas

Production of sulfuric acid

Rectisol
Rectisol is the trade name for an acid gas removal process that uses methanol as a solvent to separate acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from valuable feed gas streams. By doing so, the feed gas is made more suitable for combustion and/or further processing. Rectisol is used most often to treat synthesis gas (primarily hydrogen and carbon monoxide) produced by gasification of coal or heavy hydrocarbons, as the methanol solvent is well able to remove trace contaminants such as ammonia, mercury, and hydrogen cyanide usually found in these gases.  As an acid gas and large component of valuable feed gas streams, CO2 is separated during the methanol solvent regeneration.
ROCS Yueh Fei
ROCS Yueh Fei (岳飛, PFG2-1106), is a Cheng Kung-class guided-missile frigate of the Republic of China Navy (ROCN). She is the fourth ship of the class. Named for the famous Chinese commander Yue Fei, the ship was constructed by the China Shipbuilding Corporation at their yard in Kaoshuing, Taiwan. The Cheng Kung-class frigates are based on the American Oliver Hazard Perry class and share many of the same characteristics, the main difference being armed with Taiwanese Hsiung Feng II and Hsiung Feng III surface-to-surface missiles and different sensors. Yueh Fei was laid down on 5 September 1992, launched on 26 August 1994 and commissioned into the ROCN on 7 February 1996.

CSBC Corporation, Taiwan
CSBC Corporation, Taiwan (Chinese: 台灣國際造船; pinyin: Táiwān Guójì Zàochuán, literally "Taiwan International Shipbuilding Corporation") is a company that produces ships for civilian and military use in Taiwan. It is headquartered in Kaohsiung, with shipyards in Kaohsiung and Keelung. For decades it was a state-owned enterprise which also produced commercial vessels for foreign customers, but it was privatized in 2008, involving an IPO.
Western Region, Malta
The Western Region (Maltese: Reġjun Punent) is one of the six regions of Malta. Spread over an area of 72.47 km2 (27.98 sq mi), it is located in the southwestern part of the main island of Malta. The region borders the Northern and Southern regions. While the region is amongst the largest regions by land area, it is the least populated region in the main island. It was created by the Act No. XIV of 2019 and carved from parts of the Central Region in 2022. The region was one of the shooting locations of the popular television series Game of Thrones.

Southern Region, Malta
The Southern Region (Maltese: Reġjun Nofsinhar) is one of six regions of Malta. The region covers the southeastern part of the main island of Malta. The region borders the Northern, Eastern, Port and Western Regions.

It was created by the Act No. XVI of 2009 out of parts of Malta Majjistral and Malta Xlokk. Act No. XIV of 2019, which led to a regional reform in 2021, significantly altered the region's borders and composition, and reduced its local councils from 14 to 12.
Agathaumas
Agathaumas (/æɡəˈθɔːməs/; "great wonder") is a dubious genus of a large ceratopsid dinosaur that lived in Wyoming during the Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian stage, 66 million years ago). The name comes from Ancient Greek: αγαν - 'much' and θαυμα - 'wonder'. It was seen as the largest land animal known at the time of its discovery.

It was the first ceratopsian known to science from more than teeth, though relatively little is known about it. The original specimen consisted only of the animal's hip bones, hip vertebrae and ribs, and because these bones vary little between ceratopsid species, it is usually considered a nomen dubium. It is provisionally considered a synonym of Triceratops or Torosaurus, but is difficult to compare to both genera because it is only known from postcranial remains.

Polyonax
Polyonax (meaning "master over many") is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) Denver Formation of Colorado, United States.  Founded upon poor remains, it is today regarded as a dubious name.
Eastern Nile State
Eastern Nile was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 14 January 2017 when it was divided into Central Upper Nile State and Northern Upper Nile State. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region and it was part of the former states of Upper Nile and Jonglei. The state bordered the states of Eastern Bieh, Latjoor, Western Bieh, Fashoda State, and the country of Ethiopia to the east.

Fangak State
Fangak State (previously named Western Bieh State) was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region and it bordered Ruweng to the northwest, Western Nile to the northeast, Eastern Nile to the east, Eastern Bieh to the southeast, Jonglei to the south, Southern Liech to the southwest, and Northern Liech to the west.
GEMS School of Research and Innovation
GEMS School of Research and Innovation, also abbreviated to SRI, is a private school in Dubai Sports City, Dubai, following the National Curriculum for England. Following its opening in August 2025, it became the most expensive school in the country.

Dubai Sports City
Dubai Sports City or DSC is a multi-venue sports complex in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, developed  by Dubai. It is located in Al Hebiah 4. It provides a mix of residential, retail, leisure and recreational facilities. It is built around five major sports venues and features a number of sports academies. Located on Mohammad Bin Zayed Road, the residential aspect of the project consists of mid-rise apartment buildings, townhouses and villas. Sports City contains three distinct residential districts: Canal Residence, Victory Heights and Gallery Villas.
Rasamay Dutt
Rasamay Dutt or Russomoy Dutt (1779 – 14 May 1854) was a Bengali educationist of British India during the Bengali Renaissance. He was the co-founder of Hindu School, Kolkata. Bengali poet Toru Dutt was his granddaughter.

Toru Dutt
Tarulatta Datta, popularly known as Toru Dutt (Bengali: তরু দত্ত; 4 March 1856 – 30 August 1877) was an Indian Bengali poet and translator from British India, who wrote in English and French. She is among the founding figures of Indo-Anglian literature, alongside Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809–1831), Manmohan Ghose (1869–1924), and Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949). She is known for her volumes of poetry in English, Sita, A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1876) and Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan (1882), and for a novel in French, Le Journal de Mademoiselle d'Arvers (1879). Her poems explore themes of loneliness, longing, patriotism and nostalgia. Dutt died at the age of 21 of tuberculosis.
Georgina Corrick
Georgina Louise Corrick (born September 29, 1998) is a British born, American raised professional softball player for the Utah Talons of the Athletes Unlimited Softball League (AUSL). She previously played softball for the Toda Medics of the Japan Diamond Softball League and college softball for the South Florida Bulls. She is also a member of the Great Britain women's national softball team. In 2022, she was the first pitching Triple Crown winner in NCAA Division I history. In 2024, she was inducted into the British Softball Hall of Fame.

South Florida Bulls softball
The South Florida Bulls softball team represents University of South Florida in NCAA Division I college softball.  The team participates in the American Conference. The Bulls are currently led by head coach Ken Eriksen. The team plays its home games at USF Softball Stadium located on the university's main campus in Tampa, Florida.

USF's softball team has won two national championships, both coming before softball was an NCAA sanctioned sport. They won in the American Softball Association in 1983 and 1984. They have also won nine conference championships, seven of which were regular season titles and two of which were in the conference tournament. They have reached 18 NCAA tournaments
Festival Presidente
The Festival Presidente (Presidente Festival) previously known as Festival Presidente de Música Latina, is a music festival in the Dominican Republic. It is one of the most important musical events in Latin America and is the largest in the Caribbean region. The festival is arranged by the Cervecería Nacional Dominicana (makers of Presidente beer) and is celebrated every two years for three days during October in the Estadio Olímpico Félix Sánchez of Santo Domingo.

Presidente
Presidente is a brand of Pilsner beer that is owned and produced by Cervecería Nacional Dominicana (CND) at several breweries in the Dominican Republic. In addition to domestic consumption in the Dominican Republic, Presidente is exported to the United States, Panama, Honduras, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Andorra, Aruba, Cuba, Curaçao, Antigua, Belize, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Turks and Caicos, The Bahamas, Saint Martin, British Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Varieties include Presidente (5.0% ABV), Presidente Light (4.3 ABV), Presidente Black (6.0% ABV), The One (4.7% ABV), Bohemia (5.0% ABV), Bohemia Light (3.8% ABV), Bohemia Especial (7.2% ABV). Bohemia Especial Light (4.3 ABV), Bohemia Light (4.3% ABV) and Brahma (3.8% ABV.)
Dinamic Software
Dinamic Software is a Spanish video game producer and publishing company. It was founded in 1984, and its activity ceased in 1992, comprising the Golden Era of Spanish Software. One year later, a part of its owners founded an independent company named Dinamic Multimedia. At the end of the 1980s, another company, Aventuras AD, who began to produce text adventures, was born from Dinamic Software.

Golden age of Spanish software
The golden age of Spanish software (Spanish: edad de oro del software español) was a time between 1983 and 1992, when Spain became the second largest 8-bit computer entertainment software producer in Europe, only behind the United Kingdom. 
Many software companies based in Spain launched their career in this period, including Dinamic Software, Topo Soft, Opera Soft, Made in Spain and Zigurat. The widespread adoption of 16-bit technology and rampant software piracy led to it abruptly stopping around 1992. The name Edad de oro del soft español was coined by specialized magazines of the time and has been used to refer to these years until nowadays.
National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), also known as the National Television Academy until 2007, is an American professional service organization founded in 1955 for "the advancement of the arts and sciences of television and the promotion of creative leadership for artistic, educational and technical achievements within the television industry". Headquartered in New York City, NATAS membership is national and the organization has local chapters around the country. NATAS distributes several groups of Emmy Awards, including Daytime, Sports, News and Documentary, and Children's and Family Emmys. NATAS is a sister organization to the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the other two bodies that present Emmy Awards to other sectors of television programming.

Sports Emmy Awards
The Sports Emmy Awards, or Sports Emmys, are part of the extensive range of Emmy Awards for artistic and technical merit for the American television industry. Bestowed by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), the Sports Emmys are presented in recognition of excellence in American sports television programming, including sports-related series, live coverage of sporting events, and best sports announcers. The awards ceremony, presenting Emmys from the previous calendar year, is usually held on a Spring Monday night, sometime in the last two weeks in April or the first week in May. The Sports Emmy Awards are all given away at one ceremony, unlike the Primetime Emmy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards, which hold a "Creative Arts" ceremony in which Emmys are given to behind-the-scenes personnel.