hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
IRAK4
IRAK-4 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4), in the IRAK family, is a protein kinase involved in signaling innate immune responses from Toll-like receptors. It also supports signaling from T-cell receptors. IRAK4 contains domain structures which are similar to those of IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK3 and Pelle. IRAK4 is unique compared to IRAK1, IRAK2 and IRAKM in that it functions upstream of the other IRAKs, but is more similar to Pelle in this trait. IRAK4 has important clinical applications.

Animals without IRAK-4 are more susceptible to viruses and bacteria but completely resistant to LPS challenge.

Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have reached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Humans lack genes for TLR11, TLR12 and TLR13 and mice lack a functional gene for TLR10. The receptors TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10 are located on the cell membrane, whereas TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are located in intracellular vesicles (because they are sensors of nucleic acids).

TLRs received their name from their similarity to the protein coded by the toll gene.
James v. United States (1961)
James v. United States, 366 U.S. 213 (1961), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the receipt of money obtained by a taxpayer illegally was taxable income even though the law might require the taxpayer to repay the ill-gotten gains to the person from whom they had been taken.

Taxation of illegal income in the United States
Taxation of illegal income in the United States arises from the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, enacted by the U.S. Congress in part for the purpose of taxing net income. As such, a person's taxable income will generally be subject to the same federal income tax rules, regardless of whether the income was obtained legally or illegally.
Fast5 netball
Fast5 netball is a five-a-side version of netball. It evolved from the Fastnet rules first introduced by the International Federation of Netball Associations for the 2009 World Netball Series. Fastnet featured four six-minute quarters, two-point shots from outside the goal circle and a power play during which all goals counted double. However, like traditional netball, Fastnet was a seven-a-side game. Ahead of the 2012 Fast5 Netball World Series, the rules were revised and Fastnet became known as Fast5. As part of this transition, the game changed from seven-a-side to five-a-side. In 2017, Netball Superleague teams began playing in the British Fast5 Netball All-Stars Championship. In 2023, Fast5 netball made its debut at the Commonwealth Youth Games.

Fast5 Netball at the 2023 Commonwealth Youth Games
Fast5 Netball at the 2023 Commonwealth Youth Games was the inaugural Fast5 netball tournament at the Commonwealth Youth Games. Eight teams, including the hosts Trinidad and Tobago, featured in a series of matches played in August 2023, at Scarborough's Shaw Park Cultural Complex. With a team captained by Monika 'Otai, Australia won the tournament after defeating South Africa 35–23 in the gold medal match. England finished the tournament in third place after defeating Scotland 34–29 in the bronze medal match. The series was live streamed on Commonwealth Sport's YouTube channel.
Ben Esler
Ben Esler (born 1982) is an Australian actor and screenwriter, best known for playing Sean McGinnes in the AMC television series Hell on Wheels, as well as for his role as war hero Chuck Tatum in HBO's The Pacific. Esler is a writer and cast member of the 2023 NatGeo and Disney+ series A Small Light which tells the story of Miep Gies, the young woman who protected Anne Frank and her family during the Holocaust.

Chuck Tatum
Charles William Tatum (23 July 1926 – 22 June 2014) was an American World War II veteran, Bronze Star recipient, race car driver and builder. He was a veteran of the Battle of Iwo Jima.

Tatum's war memoir, Red Blood, Black Sand, was one of five books used as source material for the Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks produced HBO miniseries The Pacific. Tatum is portrayed in the series by actor Ben Esler.
Armando Bó
Armando Bó (3 May 1914 – 8 October 1981) was an Argentine film actor, director, producer, screenwriter and score composer. He began his career as an actor and producer during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema of the 1930s and 1940s. In 1956, Bó met Isabel Sarli and cast her as the lead actress in his film Thunder Among the Leaves (1957), in which she made the first full frontal nude in the history of Argentine cinema. Bó and Sarli became both romantic and commercial partners, and the duo turned to the sexploitation genre in the 1960s and 1970s, these films being considered emblematic of the genre.

Bó's son is the actor/producer Víctor Bó and his grandson is the screenwriter and director Armando Bó.

Armando Bó (screenwriter)
Armando Bó II (born 9 December 1978) is an Argentine screenwriter and film director. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the 2014 film Birdman at the 87th Academy Awards in 2015, together with director Alejandro G. Iñárritu, Alexander Dinelaris Jr., and Bo's cousin Nicolás Giacobone. He also directed the Qualcomm-distributed short film Lifeline in 2016, which was also a Best of Branded Entertainment winner at the 2017 One Show Awards.

His father is the actor Víctor Bó and his mother is Chia Sly. His paternal grandfather was film director Armando Bó.
Plansee
Plansee is a lake in Reutte District, Tyrol, Austria, located at 47°28′10″N 10°48′20″E﻿ / ﻿47.46944°N 10.80556°E﻿ / 47.46944; 10.80556. Its surface is approximately 2.87 km² and its maximum depth is 78 metres.

It lies on Austrian Federal Highway B 179, which crosses the Ammersattel into Germany.

Heiterwanger See
Lake Heiterwang is a lake in the Tirol, Austria, located at 47°27′30″N 10°46′50″E﻿ / ﻿47.45833°N 10.78056°E﻿ / 47.45833; 10.78056. Its surface is approximately 1.37 km2 and its maximum depth is 61 metres. It is well-known that Heiterwanger See is good for fishing. Kaiser Maximilian I of Austria often fished here.

Together with Plansee, this lake forms the second largest body of water in Tirol.
Go Kart Go
Go Kart Go is a 1963 British black and white children's comedy-drama film directed by Jan Darnley-Smith and starring Dennis Waterman, Pearl Catlin and Jimmy Capehorn. It was written by Michael Barnes from a story by Frank Wells, and produced for the Children's Film Foundation.

Children's Film Foundation
The Children's Film Foundation (CFF) is a non-profit organisation which makes films and other media for children in the United Kingdom. Originally it made films to be shown as part of children's Saturday morning matinée cinema programming. The films typically were about 55 minutes long. Over time the organisation's role broadened and its name changed, first to the Children's Film and Television Foundation in the mid-80s and to the Children's Media Foundation in 2012.
Sunda clouded leopard
The Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) is a medium-sized wild cat native to Borneo and Sumatra. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2015, as the total effective population probably consists of fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, with a decreasing population trend. On both Sunda Islands, it is threatened by deforestation.
It was classified as a separate species, distinct from its close relative, the clouded leopard in mainland Southeast Asia based on a study in 2006. Its fur is darker with a smaller cloud pattern.

This cat is also known as the Sundaland clouded leopard, Enkuli clouded leopard, Diard's clouded leopard, and Diard's cat.

Pierre-Médard Diard
Pierre-Médard Diard (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ medaʁ djaʁ]; 19 March 1794 – 16 February 1863) was a French naturalist and explorer.

Diard studied zoology and anatomy under Georges Cuvier and assisted him in researches on the development of the foetus and on the eggs of quadrupeds. In 1816, he traveled to the East Indies.
Salem–Keizer Volcanoes
The Salem–Keizer Volcanoes are a baseball team located in Keizer, Oregon, who are charter members of the Mavericks Independent Baseball League, a four-team league entirely based in the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area and playing all their home games at Volcanoes Stadium. From 1997 to 2020, they were members of Minor League Baseball's Northwest League as the Class A Short Season affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. With the reorganization of baseball after the 2020 season, the Volcanoes were not offered a player development license with any Major League Baseball club, though the Volcanoes promised to continue play in 2021, a promise they kept in forming the Mavericks League.

Keizer, Oregon
Keizer (/ˈkaɪzər/) is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States, along the 45th parallel. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 39,376, making it the 14th most populous city in Oregon. It lies in the Willamette Valley and is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was named after pioneer Thomas Dove (T. D.) Keizur and his family, who arrived in the Wagon Train of 1843, and later filed donation land claims.
Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar
The Casa Fernandini is a building designed by architect Walter Weberhofer. It was built between 1957 and 1958 in the district of Santa María del Mar, south of Lima. It is named after its owner, Anita Fernandini de Naranjo.

Santa María del Mar District (Peru)
Santa María del Mar is a district in southern Lima Province in Peru. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the district of San Bartolo on the north, the Chilca District of the Cañete Province on the east, and the Pucusana District on the south.

It is well known for its beaches and attracts many beachgoers every summer. Many of them also rent apartments during this season, making its population increase considerably. The district has some restaurants and a club with a large seawater swimming pool. The most popular beaches in the district are Santa María (also known as Playa Grande) and Embajadores.
St. Boniface, Winnipeg
St. Boniface (French: Saint-Boniface) is a city ward and neighbourhood in Winnipeg. Along with being the centre of the Franco-Manitoban community, it ranks as the largest francophone community in Western Canada.

It features such landmarks as the St. Boniface Cathedral, Boulevard Provencher, the Provencher Bridge, Esplanade Riel, Saint Boniface Hospital, the Université de Saint-Boniface, and the Royal Canadian Mint.

The area covers much of eastern Winnipeg, including Old St. Boniface. It consists of the neighbourhoods of Norwood West, Norwood East, Windsor Park, Niakwa Park, Niakwa Place, Southdale, Southland Park, Royalwood, Sage Creek, and Island Lakes, among others, plus a large industrial area. The ward is represented by Matt Allard, a member of Winnipeg City Council, and also corresponds to the neighbourhood clusters of St. Boniface East and West. The population was 58,520 according to the Canada 2016 Census.

Winnipeg City Council
The Winnipeg City Council (French: Conseil municipal de Winnipeg) is the governing body of the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The Council is seated in the Council Building of Winnipeg City Hall.

The composition of the Council consists of fifteen city councillors and a mayor. Each councillor represents an individual ward throughout the city. The mayor is elected every four years by a vote of the entire city.
Dalgarnock
Dalgarnock, Dalgarno, Dalgarnoc  was an ancient parish and a once considerably sized village in the Nithsdale area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, south of Sanquhar and north of Dumfries that enclosed the parish of Closeburn but was annexed to Closeburn in 1606 following the Reformation, separated again in 1648 and finally re-united in 1697, as part of the process that established  the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. It was a burgh of regality bordering the River Nith and Cample Water and held a popular market-tryst or fair from medieval times until 1601  when the Earl of Queensberry had them transferred to Thornhill, commemorated in song by Robert Burns, shortly before its demise and now only a remote churchyard remains at a once busy site.

River Nith
The River Nith (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Nid; Common Brittonic: Nowios) is a river in south-west Scotland. The Nith rises in the Carsphairn hills of East Ayrshire, between Prickeny Hill and Enoch Hill, 4.4 miles (7.1 km) east of Dalmellington. For the majority of its 70 miles (110 km) course it flows in a south-easterly direction through Dumfries and Galloway and then into the Solway Firth at Airds Point.

The territory through which the river flows is called Nithsdale (historically known as "Stranit" from Scottish Gaelic: Strath Nid, "valley of the Nith").
Dragan Papazoglu
Dragan Papazoglu (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Папазоглу; fl. 1804–1807), known as Papazoglija (Папазоглија), was an Ottoman Bulgarian mercenary in the kırcalı (bandit) detachment of Alija Gušanac that served the Dahije (rebel Janissaries) in the Sanjak of Smederevo up until the First Serbian Uprising when he joined the Serb rebels. He was known for his bravery and was murdered after an incursion into Bulgaria, due to either having upset Serbian-Russian relations during a truce or brought jealousy in other leading commanders.

Hajduk Veljko
Veljko Petrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Вељко Петровић, Serbian pronunciation: [ʋěːʎko pětroʋitɕ]; c. 1780 – 1813), known simply as Hajduk Veljko (Хајдук Вељко, [xǎjduːk v̞ɛ̌ːʎkɔ]), was one of the vojvodas (military commanders) of the Serbian Revolutionary forces in the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire, in charge of the Negotin area. He was one of the most prominent leaders of the uprising.
Verbum supernum prodiens
"Verbum supernum prodiens" (literally: The word [descending] from above) is a Catholic hymn in long metre by St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274). It was written for the Hour of Lauds in the Divine Office of Corpus Christi. It is about the institution of the Eucharist by Christ at the Last Supper, and His Passion and death.

The last two verses form a hymn on their own as well, O salutaris hostia, which is sung at the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament.

There is also an unrelated Latin Nativity hymn of the same name.

O salutaris hostia
"O Salutaris Hostia" (Latin, "O Saving Victim" or "O Saving Sacrifice") is a section of one of the Eucharistic hymns written by Thomas Aquinas for the Feast of Corpus Christi and the Hour of Lauds in the Divine Office. It is actually the last two stanzas of the hymn Verbum supernum prodiens and is used for the Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. The other two hymns written by Aquinas for the Feast contain the famous sections Panis angelicus and Tantum ergo.
Archdiocese of Dubuque
The Archdiocese of Dubuque (Latin: Archidiœcesis Dubuquensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the northeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in the United States. Erected in 1837, the dioces was elevated to an archdiocese in 1893. It is a metropolitan archdiocese with three suffragan dioceses.

Diocese of Cheyenne
The Diocese of Cheyenne (Latin: Dioecesis Cheyennensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in the state of Wyoming in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Denver. The cathedral is St. Mary's Cathedral in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The diocese covers all of Wyoming, as well as the parts of Yellowstone National Park in Montana and Idaho.
Hashimoto, Wakayama
Hashimoto (橋本市, Hashimoto-shi) is a city located in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2021, the city had an estimated population of 61,063 in 27,392 households and a population density of 470 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 130.55 square kilometres (50.41 sq mi).

Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県, Wakayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [wa.kaꜜ.ja.ma, wa.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.: 1026  Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 (as of 1 February 2025) and a geographic area of 4,724 square kilometres (1,824 sq mi). Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to the northeast.

Wakayama is the capital and largest city of Wakayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Tanabe, Hashimoto, and Kinokawa.: 1025  Wakayama Prefecture is located on the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.
Incapacitation (penology)
Incapacitation in the context of criminal sentencing philosophy is one of the functions of punishment. It involves capital punishment, sending an offender to prison, or possibly restricting their freedom in the community, to protect society and prevent that person from committing further crimes. Incarceration, as the primary mechanism for incapacitation, is also used in an effort to deter future offending.

Recidivism
Recidivism (/rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm/; from Latin: recidivus 'recurring', derived from re- 'again' and cadere 'to fall') is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been trained to extinguish it. Recidivism is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense.

The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. Recidivism is a synonym of relapse, which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction.
The Marvel Action Hour
The Marvel Action Hour, later Marvel Action Universe, was a 1994–1996 syndicated television block from Genesis Entertainment featuring animated adaptations of Marvel Comics superheroes Fantastic Four and Iron Man, with Biker Mice from Mars added for the block's second season. It aired in syndication for two years before being cancelled.

Iron Man (TV series)
Iron Man, also known as Iron Man: The Animated Series, is an American animated television series based on Marvel Comics' superhero, Iron Man. The series aired from 1994 to 1996 in syndication as part of The Marvel Action Hour, which packaged Iron Man with other animated series based on Marvel properties, the Fantastic Four and The Incredible Hulk, with one half-hour episode from each series airing back-to-back. The show was backed by a toy line that featured many armor variants. Off the heels of the release of the live-action Iron Man film in 2008, reruns began airing on the Jetix block on Toon Disney.

Although only lasting two seasons, Iron Man was the subject of a major overhaul between seasons when its production studio was changed. The result was a massively changed premise, tone, and general approach, which left the two seasons scarcely recognizable as being part of the same series.
1984 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 6, 1984, in 13 states and two territories.  The Republicans had a net gain of one seat in this election, which coincided with the Senate, House elections and presidential election.

This was the last year in which Arkansas held a gubernatorial election in the same year as the presidential election. The length of gubernatorial terms for Arkansas' governor would be extended from two years to four years with elections taking place in midterm election years following the passage of the Sixty-third Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution.

1984 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1984 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 6, 1984, to elect members to serve in the 99th United States Congress. They coincided with the re-election of President Ronald Reagan in a landslide. This victory also yielded gains for Reagan's Republican Party in the House, where they picked up a net of sixteen seats from the Democratic Party. Despite Reagan's extremely large electoral victory, the Democrats nonetheless retained a commanding majority in the House and actually gained seats in the Senate. These elections were the last until 2020 when a member of a political party other than the Democrats, Republicans, or an independent had one or more seats in the chamber.

This would be the last time for eight years that the Democrats experienced a net loss of seats in the House.
Marineland of New Zealand
Marineland of New Zealand was a marine mammal park in Napier, New Zealand, that opened in 1965 and closed to the public in 2008. It housed several species of native and introduced marine wildlife, most notably common dolphins.

National Aquarium of New Zealand
The National Aquarium of New Zealand, formerly Napier Aquarium, is a public aquarium on Marine Parade in Napier, New Zealand. It was started in 1957 and moved to its present location in 1976. It is owned by Napier City Council. In addition to many fish species, exhibits include kiwi, tuatara, turtles, little penguins and some lizards.
Ramzi Abid
Ramzi Abid (born March 24, 1980) is a  Canadian former professional ice hockey player of Tunisian descent, who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Phoenix Coyotes, Pittsburgh Penguins, Atlanta Thrashers and the Nashville Predators.

François Leroux
François Leroux (born April 18, 1970) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. At 6'6" and over 240 pounds, Leroux was a physical, defensive-minded defenceman who amassed 577 penalty minutes in his NHL career. In his NHL career, he played with the Edmonton Oilers, Ottawa Senators, Pittsburgh Penguins and Colorado Avalanche.
Bourne End, Buckinghamshire
Bourne End is a village mostly in the parish of Wooburn, but partly in that of Little Marlow in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about five miles (8 km) south-east of High Wycombe and three miles (5 km) east of Marlow, near the boundary with Berkshire and close to where the Buckinghamshire River Wye empties into the Thames.

Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Marlow (/ˈmɑːrloʊ/ MAR-loh), historically Great Marlow or Chipping Marlow, is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, England, 4 miles (6 km) south-southwest of High Wycombe, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Maidenhead and 33 miles (53 km) west of central London.