hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jason Rubin
Jason Rubin (born 1970) is an American video game director, writer, and comic book creator. He is best known for the Crash Bandicoot and Jak and Daxter series of games which were produced by Naughty Dog, the game development studio he co-founded with partner and childhood friend Andy Gavin in 1986. He was the president of THQ before its closure due to bankruptcy on January 23, 2013. Rubin is the vice president of Metaverse Content at Meta Platforms.

Andy Gavin
Andrew Scott Gavin (born June 11, 1970) is an American video game programmer, entrepreneur, and novelist. Gavin co-founded the video game company Naughty Dog with childhood friend Jason Rubin in 1986, which released games including Crash Bandicoot and Jak and Daxter. Prior to founding Naughty Dog, Gavin worked in the LISP programming language at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
Cardinal numeral
In linguistics, and more precisely in traditional grammar, a cardinal numeral (or cardinal number word) is a part of speech used to count.

Examples in English are the words one, two, three, and the compounds three hundred [and] forty-two and nine hundred [and] sixty. Cardinal numerals are classified as definite, and are related to ordinal numbers, such as the English first, second, third, etc.

Numeral (linguistics)
In linguistics, a numeral in the broadest sense is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity. Some theories of grammar use the word "numeral" to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner that specify the quantity of a noun, for example the "two" in "two hats". Some theories of grammar do not include determiners as a part of speech and consider "two" in this example to be an adjective. Some theories consider "numeral" to be a synonym for "number" and assign all numbers (including ordinal numbers like "first") to a part of speech called "numerals". Numerals in the broad sense can also be analyzed as a noun ("three is a small number"), as a pronoun ("the two went to town"), or for a small number of words as an adverb ("I rode the slide twice").

Numerals can express relationships like quantity (cardinal numbers), sequence (ordinal numbers), frequency (once, twice), and part (fraction).
Coanwood railway station
Coanwood was a railway station on the Alston Branch Line, which ran between Haltwhistle and Alston. The station, situated 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Haltwhistle, served the village of Coanwood in Northumberland.

Opened by the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway on 19 July 1851, the station was originally known as Shaft Hill or Shafthill. It was later renamed Coanwood on 1 March 1885 by the North Eastern Railway.

Alston railway station
Alston is a heritage railway station on the South Tynedale Railway. The station, situated 13 miles (21 km) south of Haltwhistle, is in the market town of Alston, in Cumbria, England.

It was originally on the Alston Branch Line, which ran between Haltwhistle and Alston. It was opened by the North Eastern Railway on 21 May 1852, closing on 3 May 1976. Following a seven-year closure, the station reopened in July 1983, as part of the South Tynedale Railway.
Castle Crags
Castle Crags is a dramatic and well-known rock formation in Northern California.  Elevations range from 2,000 feet (610 m) along the Sacramento River near the base of the crags, to over 6,500 feet (2,000 m) at the summit of the tallest crag.

Located just west of Interstate 5, between the towns of Castella and Dunsmuir, Castle Crags is today a popular tourist stop along the highway. Mount Shasta is 10 miles to the north.

The formation and surrounding habitats are protected by Castle Crags State Park, located on both sides of Interstate 5 at them, and by Castle Crags Wilderness Area of the Shasta-Trinity National Forest.

Dunsmuir, California
Dunsmuir is a city in Siskiyou County, California. It is on the upper Sacramento River. Its population is 1,707 as of the 2020 census, up from 1,650 from the 2010 census.

Dunsmuir is currently a hub for tourism in Northern California, with Interstate 5 passing through it. Visitors enjoy fishing, skiing, climbing, or sight-seeing. During the steam locomotive railroad era, it was the site of an important Central Pacific (and later Southern Pacific) railroad yard, where extra steam locomotives were added to assist trains on the grade to the north.
UST Plaza Benavides
The Plaza Benavides, also known as Benavides Park or Benavides Garden in Manila, Philippines is a landscaped park located in the University of Santo Tomas. It contains the Benavides Monument, built to commemorate the founder of the university, Miguel de Benavides.

Benavides Monument
The Benavides Monument is a memorial in the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines built to commemorate the founder of the University of Santo Tomas, Miguel de Benavides. Located in the Plaza Benavides in front of the UST Main Building, the monument consists of a bronze statue of Benavides rising on top of a granite pedestal. The present monument was unveiled in 1946.
Ashland Transportation Center
Ashland Transportation Center is an intermodal transit station in Ashland, Kentucky. Jointly operated by the City of Ashland and CSX Transportation, it currently serves Amtrak's Cardinal train as well as the Ashland Bus System, Greyhound Lines, and regional shuttles. It is located at 99 15th Street near downtown Ashland.

Ashland Bus System
Ashland Bus System (ABS) provides the municipal bus service in the City of Ashland, Kentucky and its nearby suburbs.  Unlike many such services, it is operated by the city government itself. Its routes also reach the suburbs, including Ceredo, West Virginia and Kenova, West Virginia. This is a result of a dispute between those twin cities, and the West Virginia and Ohio bus system known as the Tri-State Transit Authority, known as TTA.

All buses center on Ashland Transportation Center, which is also used by the Greyhound system as well as Amtrak.

The service provides interchange between itself and TTA via a TTA bus that travels from Ironton, Ohio across the bridge into Ashland and the Ashland Transportation Center. It however does not interchange with TTA in West Virginia, even though the buses pass within a few blocks of one another.
242nd Training Centre
The 242nd Training Centre of the Airborne Forces (Russian: 242-й учебный центр подготовки младших специалистов Воздушно-десантных войск, lit. '242nd Training Center of Junior Specialists of the Airborne Forces') is a brigade-sized training formation of the Russian Airborne Troops.

Russian Airborne Forces
The Russian Airborne Forces (Russian: Воздушно-десантные войска России, ВДВ, romanized: Vozdushno-desantnye voyska Rossii, VDV) is the airborne separate combat arm  of the Russian Armed Forces. It is a rapid response force and strategic reserve that is under the President of Russia, reporting directly to the Chief of the General Staff, and is organized into airborne and air assault units. It was formed in 1992 from divisions of the Soviet Airborne Forces that came under Russian control following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Troops of the Russian Airborne Forces have traditionally worn a blue beret and blue-striped telnyashka undershirt and are called desant (Russian: Десант), from the French Descente.

The Russian Airborne Forces utilizes a range of specialist airborne warfare vehicles and are fully mechanized. Traditionally they have had a larger complement of heavy weaponry than most contemporary airborne forces.
Tait (train)
The Tait trains are wooden bodied electric multiple unit (EMU) trains that operated on the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They were introduced in 1910 by the Victorian Railways as steam locomotive hauled cars, and converted to electric traction from 1919 when the Melbourne electrification project was underway. The trains derived their name from Sir Thomas James Tait, the chairman of commissioners of the Victorian Railways from 1903 to 1910. The first cars were built during 1909 with the last entering service in 1952.

Tait trains are initially referred to as "Sliding Door" trains, as opposed to the "Swing Door" trains then in service. From the 1950s, following the introduction of the blue-painted Harris trains, they became known as Reds or Red Rattlers, the latter epithet later being applied to various types of red-painted rolling stock in Sydney.

Swing Door (train)
Swing Door trains, commonly known as "Dogboxes" or "Doggies", were wooden-bodied electric multiple unit (EMU) trains that operated on the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Swing Door cars had outward-opening doors and were reasonably narrow, to ensure that two passing trains would not foul each other if doors were accidentally left open. At certain locations, clearances were tight and there are stories of Swing Door cars losing doors that were not closed. The fleet could be seen running in any arrangement, from one car, using a double-ended M car, to seven cars.
Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani
Mir Sayyid Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani (1392-1464; Persian: محمد بن عبد الله الموسوئی قہستانی  ) was a mystic (Sufi) who laid the foundation of the Noorbakshia school of Islam. He authored several books like al Fiqh al-Ahwat (Moderate Islamic Jurisprudence) and Kitab al-Aetiqadia (Book of Faith).

Noorbakshia Islam
Noorbakhshia or Nurbakhshia (Balti: སོཕིཡ ཨིམམིཡ ནུར་བཀྵིཡ; Persian/Urdu: نوربخشیه) is a distinct Sufi order primarily practiced in the Baltistan region of Pakistan. It places significant emphasis on the concept of Muslim unity and on "Fiqh ul Ahwat" (which delves into Islamic jurisprudence), a concept by Muhammad Nurbakhshi.

The Nurbakhshia tradition is distinguished by its spiritual lineage known as the Silsila-e-Zahab, or the Golden Chain. This spiritual lineage claims to trace its origins back to the Imam Haqiqi (Divinely Appointed 12 Imams), spanning from Imam Ali to Imam Mahdi. Notably, Noorbakhshia stands out among Sufi orders within Islam for its foundational principles deeply rooted in the teachings of the Aima Tahirreen, or Fourteen Infallibles. The followers of this lineage are known as Sufia Noorbakhshia.
RV Evardone
Ralph Vincent Maniago Evardone, known as RV Evardone, (born February 14, 2000) is a Filipino politician who is the governor of Eastern Samar since 2025. He previously served as a member of the Eastern Samar Provincial Board. He is the son of former governor Ben Evardone.

Ben Evardone
Ben Pagaran Evardone (born September 30, 1963) is the governor of Eastern Samar, Philippines and was the Congressman of Eastern Samar; he was born in Sulat, Eastern Samar (then part of undivided  Samar), on September 30, 1963.
New York State Route 25C
New York State Route 25C (NY 25C) was an east–west state highway on Long Island in New York in the United States. The route began in Queens at an intersection with NY 25 and paralleled NY 25B for just over 4 miles (6 km) before ending at a junction with NY 25B in western Nassau County. NY 25C was assigned in the 1930s and removed in 1970. Part of the route's former routing is still state-maintained as New York State Route 900F, an unsigned reference route.

New York State Route 25B
New York State Route 25B (NY 25B) is a 7.25-mile (11.67 km) east–west state highway located on Long Island in New York, United States. The western terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 25 in Queens. The eastern terminus is at an interchange with NY 25 in Westbury, Nassau County. NY 25B is named Hillside Avenue for its entire length, except for a 0.69-mile (1.11 km) portion in the village of East Williston, where it is called East Williston Avenue and owned & maintained by Nassau County as the unsigned County Route 85.

The route, assigned in the mid-1930s, acts as a northern alternate to NY 25, running parallel to its parent for its entire length. Unlike NY 25, which is four lanes wide for most of its length between Queens and Westbury, NY 25B has a number of lane configurations, including six lanes in Queens, four lanes in western Nassau County, and two lanes in East Williston. The route also connects NY 25 to the villages of Williston Park and East Williston.
Riksväg 1
Riksväg 1 was 1945 to 1962 the trunk road between Helsingborg and Stockholm. Its importance as a trunk road have nowadays been replaced by the international E-road network E4 which partly runs in parallel with Riksväg 1. In 1960 the complete distance of Riksväg 1 was 588 kilometers, while the corresponding distance of the E4 today is 561 kilometers.

The older parts of the road between Markaryd and Vaggeryd is nowadays advertised as the scenic and tourist route Riksettan.

The northernmost parts between Södertälje and Stockholm was also called Södertäljevägen. Through Salem Municipality and past the lake Bornsjön it is now called Bergaholmsvägen. An older stretch south of Stockholm was Göta highway, which still partly exist.

Riksettan
Riksettan or Turistväg Riksettan is the name of a scenic route that goes from Vaggeryd in the north, through Värnamo, Ljungby, Markaryd, and ends in Örkelljunga in the south. The route is part of the classic national road Riksväg 1 and goes parallel with the E4 and the river Lagan.

The route is primarily intended for tourists as a more scenic and cultural alternative to the highway. The road is suitable for both cars, motorcycles and bicycles. It is possible for additional municipalities along the old Riksväg 1 to join Riksettan and thus have it extended.
Hokuto, Hokkaido
Hokuto (北斗市, Hokuto-shi) is a city in the center of the Oshima Subprefecture in Japan's northern island of Hokkaido. It serves as a bedroom community for Hakodate, to the east of the city. Hokuto was formed on February 1, 2006, from merging the town of Kamiiso, from Kamiiso District, and the town of Ōno, from Kameda District. Hokuto is the third city to be established in Oshima. (The second, Kameda, no longer exists, being dissolved just two years after its founding in 1971). Hokuto is the second largest city in Oshima by population after the city of Hakodate.

Hakodate
Hakodate (函館市, Hakodate-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ha.ko.da.te, ha.ko.da.teꜜ.ɕi]) is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of January 31, 2024, the city had an estimated population of 239,813 with 138,807 households, and a population density of 354 inhabitants per square kilometre (920/sq mi). The total area is 677.86 square kilometres (261.72 sq mi). The city is the third largest in Hokkaido after Sapporo and Asahikawa.
Old Tin Sorrows
Old Tin Sorrows is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the fourth novel in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.

Garrett P.I.
Garrett P.I. is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Glen Cook about Garrett, a freelance private investigator. The novels are written in a hard-boiled detective fiction style, with elements of traditional mystery and dialogue-based humor. Garrett, during his adventures in his home city of TunFaire and across Karenta and the Cantard, has to deal with elves, vampires, centaurs, trolls, and numerous mixed breeds, along with gods, wizards, witches and more. Unlike most fantasy series, the Garrett P.I. novels focus more on the detective aspects of the story and less on the magical.
Transformation matrix
In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If  is a linear transformation mapping  to  and  is a column vector with  entries, then there exists an  matrix , called the transformation matrix of , such that:

Note that  has  rows and  columns, whereas the transformation  is from  to .  There are alternative expressions of transformation matrices involving row vectors that are preferred by some authors.

Row and column vectors
In linear algebra, a column vector with ⁠⁠ elements is an  matrix consisting of a single column of ⁠⁠ entries. Similarly, a row vector is a  matrix, consisting of a single row of ⁠⁠ entries. For example, ⁠⁠ is a column vector and ⁠⁠ is a row matrix:

(Throughout this article, boldface is used for both row and column vectors.)

The transpose (indicated by T) of any row vector is a column vector, and the transpose of any column vector is a row vector:

Taking the transpose twice returns the original (row or column) vector: ⁠⁠.

The set of all row vectors with n entries in a given field (such as the real numbers) forms an n-dimensional vector space; similarly, the set of all column vectors with m entries forms an m-dimensional vector space.

The space of row vectors with n entries can be regarded as the dual space of the space of column vectors with n entries, since any linear functional on the space of column vectors can be represented as the left-multiplication of a unique row vector.
Moderantism
Moderantism was, together with Progressivism, one of the two main currents of 19th century Spanish liberalism. It had its origins in the so-called moderates during the Liberal Triennium, who during the reign of Isabella II formed a party, the Moderate Party, which was the party that remained in power the longest and managed to integrate the "reformist" absolutists into its ranks. The less conservative sector of the Moderate Party formed the Liberal Union in 1854. During the Restoration, the members of the Moderate Party joined Antonio Cánovas del Castillo's Liberal-Conservative Party.

Their European points of reference were French doctrinairianism and British conservatism. Their adversary in Spanish public life was progressive liberalism, although both constituted the only part of the political spectrum institutionally accepted for the political game, the so-called dynastic parties.

Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Spain. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having been represented in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties label themselves as a liberal or radical party.
Tennōji Station
Tennōji Station (天王寺駅, Tennōji-eki) is a major railway station on the JR West Osaka Loop Line, Hanwa Line, Yamatoji Line, Osaka Metro Midōsuji Line, and Tanimachi Line, located in Tennōji-ku and Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan, and Tennōji-ekimae Station (天王寺駅前駅, Tennōji-eki-mae-eki) is a railway station on the tram Hankai Uemachi Line in Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.  They are also connected to Ōsaka Abenobashi Station on the Kintetsu Minami Osaka Line. It forms as one of Osaka's main railway terminals to the south for lines operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Ōsaka Abenobashi Station
Ōsaka Abenobashi Station (大阪阿部野橋駅, Ōsaka-Abenobashi-eki; station number: F01) is a railway station on Kintetsu Minami Osaka Line in Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan. The station is also called "Abenobashi Station" (あべの橋駅).

According to the research on November 13, 2012, 159,075 passengers got on and off trains at Ōsaka Abenobashi Station. It was the largest number of passengers getting on and off trains at stations on the Kintetsu Lines.

The west ticket gates of the station were shifted 35m to the east on March 20, 2009, so that station facilities are entirely within the Kintetsu Abeno department store's "new" (east) building. The "old" (western) portion was demolished to make way for a new high-rise building.
Saw E
Saw E Kan-Kaung (Burmese: စောအဲကံကောင်း, [sɔ́ ʔɛ́ ɡàɰ̃ ɡáʊɰ̃]; 1313/14–1330) was king of Martaban for 49 days in 1330. E was the last Martaban king to pledge allegiance to Sukhothai.

The eldest son of King Saw O (r. 1311–1323) was placed on the throne by Queen Sanda Min Hla, who made herself his chief queen. Although he had fought against Martaban's former overlord Sukhothai, after his accession, E quickly mended fences with his maternal grandfather King Loe Thai of Sukhothai. But Queen Sanda Min Hla was dissatisfied with the young king, and poisoned him seven weeks later. His assassination provoked an invasion by Sukhothai, which Sanda Min Hla and her new king Binnya E Law (r. 1330–1348) decisively defeated.

Binnya E Law
Binnya E Law (Burmese: ဗညားအဲလော, pronounced [bəɲá ʔɛ́ lɔ́]; 1308–1348/49) was king of Martaban from 1330 to 1348. Placed on the throne by his half-sister Queen Sanda Min Hla, this son of King Hkun Law defeated Sukhothai's invasion in 1330–1331, ending Martaban's tributary status to the Siamese kingdom.

The rest of his reign was largely uneventful except for the fierce rivalry between E Law's son Binnya E Laung and Sanda Min Hla's son Binnya U. The king died soon after his son's death, and was succeeded by Binnya U.
RMK-BRJ
RMK-BRJ was an American construction consortium of four of the largest American companies, put together by the United States Navy during the Vietnam War. Its purpose was to build critically needed infrastructure in South Vietnam, so that the Americans could escalate the introduction of American combat troops and materiel into Vietnam. This construction contract, amounting to $1.9 billion (equivalent to $14 billion in 2017 dollars), completed a construction program deemed to be the largest in history up to that time. The consortium derived its name from its four constituent companies: Raymond International, Morrison Knudsen, Brown & Root, and J.A. Jones.

Over the ten-year life of the contract, RMK-BRJ trained 200,000 Vietnamese workers in construction and administrative trades. The use of a civilian contractor and construction force in an active theater of combat operations was authorized for the first time in U.S. history.

J.A. Jones Construction
J.A. Jones Construction was a heavy construction company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. Operating internationally since the 1950s, it merged with Germany's Philipp Holzmann AG in 1979. In 2003, the company ceased operations due to the failure of its parent company.
WESC-FM
WESC-FM (92.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Greenville, South Carolina, serving the Upstate region, including Greenville, Spartanburg and Anderson, South Carolina, as well as Asheville, North Carolina.  It airs a classic country radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.  The station goes by the name "92.5 WESC" and its slogan is "Carolina's Best Country And Your All-Time Favorites".  iHeart owns three country stations in the market:  WSSL-FM 100.5 has a contemporary country format, while WESC 660 AM and WESC-FM 92.5 simulcast classic country hits.

The studios and offices are on North Main Street in downtown Greenville.  The transmitter is along the North Carolina/South Carolina border, off YMCA Camp Road, east of Cedar Mountain, North Carolina.  WESC-FM broadcasts using HD Radio.

WSSL-FM
WSSL-FM (100.5 FM, "Whistle 100.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Gray Court, South Carolina, United States, serving Greenville, Spartanburg and Upstate South Carolina. Owned by iHeartMedia, it airs a country music format, with studios on North Main Street in downtown Greenville.

WSSL-FM's transmitter is sited off Bethel Grove Church Road near Sawmill Road in Gray Court. WSSL-FM broadcasts in HD Radio.
ALFTP
ALFTP is an FTP client and personal FTP server utility from ESTsoft for Microsoft Windows. It is part of ESTsoft's ALTools product family.

While it has been available in Korean since 2000 as freeware (commercialized in 2002 for government and corporate use), it was first made available in English in 2004, and has since been made available in over ten languages. Translations for ALFTP are provided by members of the ALTools user community.

The software received positive reviews in South Korea for its simplicity, and for having a Korean language interface.

ESTsoft
Founded in 1993, ESTsoft is a South Korean application software development company. Its software ranges from desktop to business software for enterprises.
ESTsoft listed on the KOSDAQ market in 2008 (ticker: 047560). The company develops and provides software and artificial intelligence (AI)-based services, including AI dubbing, virtual avatars, and AI search, mainly in a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) format.