hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
False (logic)
In logic, false (Its noun form is falsity) or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value and is a nullary logical connective. In a truth-functional system of propositional logic, it is one of two postulated truth values, along with its negation, truth.  Usual notations of the false are 0 (especially in Boolean logic and computer science), O (in prefix notation, Opq), and the up tack symbol .

Another approach is used for several formal theories (e.g., intuitionistic propositional calculus), where a propositional constant (i.e. a nullary connective), , is introduced, the truth value of which being always false in the sense above. It can be treated as an absurd proposition, and is often called absurdity.

Negation
In logic, negation, also called the logical not or logical complement, is an operation that takes a proposition  to another proposition "not ", written , ,  or . It is interpreted intuitively as being true when  is false, and false when  is true. For example, if  is "The dog runs", then "not " is "The dog does not run". An operand of a negation is called a negand or negatum.

Negation is a unary logical connective. It may furthermore be applied not only to propositions, but also to notions, truth values, or semantic values more generally. In classical logic, negation is normally identified with the truth function that takes truth to falsity (and vice versa). In intuitionistic logic, according to the Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation, the negation of a proposition  is the proposition whose proofs are the refutations of .
Maria Petrova (rhythmic gymnast)
Maria Dimitrova Petrova (Bulgarian: Мария Димитрова Петрова; born 13 November 1975) is a Bulgarian former rhythmic gymnast who is now a rhythmic gymnastics judge and official. She is a triple World all-around champion (1993, 1994, 1995) and a triple European all-around champion (1992, 1993, 1994).

Kateryna Serebrianska
Kateryna Serebrianska[a] (born 25 October 1977 in Simferopol) is a Ukrainian former individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 1996 Olympics gold medalist, the 1995 World All-around champion, the 1996 European All-around champion, and three time Grand Prix Final All-around champion.
David Epston
David Epston (born 30 August 1944) is a New Zealand social worker and therapist, formerly co-director of the Family Therapy Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, formerly visiting professor at the John F. Kennedy University, formerly an honorary clinical lecturer in the Department of Social Work, University of Melbourne, and formerly an affiliate faculty member in the Ph.D program in Couple and Family Therapy at North Dakota State University. Epston and his late friend and colleague Michael White (social worker and psychotherapist) are known as originators of narrative therapy.

Michael White (psychotherapist)
Michael White (29 December 1948 – 4 April 2008) was an Australian social worker and family therapist.  He is known as the founder of narrative therapy, and for his significant contribution to psychotherapy and family therapy, which have been a source of techniques adopted by other approaches.
Vincent Collet
Vincent Florent Antoine Collet (born 6 June 1963) is a French former professional basketball player and a current professional basketball coach.

He was the head coach of France national team from 2009 to 2024, winning a total of 13 medals under his tenure. Collet won two Olympics silver medals, two bronze medals at the World Cup, as well as gold at EuroBasket 2013.

France men's national basketball team
The France men's national basketball team (French: Équipe de France de basketball) represents France in international basketball and is administered by the French Federation of Basketball. France is currently ranked fourth in the FIBA World Ranking.

France has been a regular at the EuroBasket, making 40 appearances all-time. Their best finish came in 2013, winning the gold medal. They have also come away with three silver (1949, 2011, 2022) and six bronze medals (1937, 1951, 1953, 1959, 2005, 2015). France has also won two bronze medals at the FIBA World Cup in 2014 and 2019. While at the Summer Olympics, France has won four silver medals (1948, 2000, 2020, 2024).
Elizabeth Morris (glaciologist)
Elizabeth Mary Morris, OBE (born 7 September 1946), also known as Liz Morris, is a glaciologist and Senior Associate at the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. She has been a visiting professor at the University of Reading since 1995. She was head of the ice and climate division at the British Antarctic Survey, from 1986 to 1999, and president of the International Glaciological Society, from 2002 to 2005.

Scott Polar Research Institute
The Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) is a centre for research into the polar regions and glaciology worldwide. It is a sub-department of the Department of Geography in the University of Cambridge, located on Lensfield Road in the south of Cambridge.

SPRI was founded by Frank Debenham in 1920 as the national memorial to Captain Robert Falcon Scott and his companions, who died on their return journey from the South Pole in 1912. It investigates issues relevant to the Arctic and Antarctic in the environmental sciences, social sciences and humanities. The institute is home to the Polar Museum and has some 60 personnel, consisting of academic, library and support staff plus postgraduate students, associates and fellows attached to research programmes. The institute also hosts the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.
Pasquale Russo
Pasquale Russo (Italian pronunciation: [paˈskwaːle ˈrusso]; born February 28, 1947) is an Italian Camorrista and boss of the Russo clan from Nola, which he co-founded. He has been running the clan together with his brother Salvatore for over thirty years. He has been on the "most wanted list" of the Italian ministry of the Interior since 1995, for Camorra association, murder, concealment of corpse, multiple homicides, racketeering  and other crimes. On February 15, 1996, an international warrant was issued against him, to be arrested for extradition.

Russo clan (Nola)
The Russo clan is a Neapolitan Camorra clan operating in the town of Nola and its surrounding territories. Police say the Russo clan had total control over illegal activity in about 40 towns in the Naples region.
Stalingrad Madonna
The Stalingrad Madonna (German: Stalingradmadonna) is an image of the Virgin Mary drawn by a German soldier, Kurt Reuber (1906–1944), in 1942 during the Battle of Stalingrad. The original is displayed in the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, Berlin, while copies now hang in the cathedrals of Berlin, Coventry, and Kazan Cathedral, Volgograd, as a sign of the reconciliation between Germany and its enemies the United Kingdom and Russia during the Second World War.

Coventry Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Saint Michael, commonly known as Coventry Cathedral, is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry and the Diocese of Coventry within the Church of England. The cathedral is located in Coventry, West Midlands, England.

The city has had three cathedrals. The first was St Mary's, a monastic building, from 1102 to 1539, of which only a few ruins remain. The second was St Michael's, a 14th-century Gothic church designated as a cathedral in 1918, which remains a ruined shell after its bombing during the Second World War, apart from its tower and spire, which rise to 284 feet (87 metres). The third, consecrated in 1962, is the new St Michael's Cathedral, built immediately adjacent to the ruins and tower of the former cathedral – together forming both a symbol of war-time destruction and barbarity, and also of peace and reconciliation.
Chris Kasabach
Chris Kasabach has served the Executive Director of the Watson Foundation since 2011, and is a member of the Foundation's board. He previously co-founded Sandbox Advanced Development with three Carnegie Mellon alumni, and together they co-founded and grew the company into BodyMedia Inc., a wearable health technology pioneer that was acquired by Jawbone for $100 million in 2013. He also currently serves on the board of directors at the Winterhouse Institute, a council of national design education. Previously, he received his BFA from Carnegie Mellon and an MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School, where he was named Lucius N. Littauer Fellow.

Watson Foundation
The Thomas J. Watson Foundation is a charitable trust formed 1961 in honor of former chairman and CEO of IBM, Thomas J. Watson. The Watson Foundation operates two programs, the Thomas J. Watson Fellowship and the Jeannette K. Watson Fellowship.

The two programs were based in Providence and New York City, but in 2006 the two fellowships were united in New York.

In 2018 the Watson Foundation celebrated its 50th anniversary. The Foundation moved into its new offices in New York's Woolworth Building that same year.
Marj Sanur
Marj Sanur (Arabic: مرج صانور, translation: "Sanur Valley"; also called Marj al-Ghuruq, translation: "Drowning Valley" is a closed basin within the northern mountains of the West Bank, located entirely in the southern Jenin Governorate, in between the cities of Jenin (to the north) and Nablus (to the south).

Adam Zertal theorized that Majr Sanur was the territory of the Milcah clan of the Israelite tribe of Manasseh during the Iron Age. Today Seven villages border the valley: Sanur, Meithalun, Siris, al-Judeida, Sir, Misilyah and Zawiya. Meithalun is the largest village around the valley and it has the largest share of Marj Sanur's land.

Jenin
32°27′40″N 35°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.46111°N 35.30000°E﻿ / 32.46111; 35.30000

Jenin (/ʒɪˈniːn/ zhin-EEN; Arabic: جنين, romanized: Jinīn, locally pronounced [ʒɪˈniːn] ⓘ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.

The city had a population of approximately 50,000 people in 2017, whilst the Jenin refugee camp had a population of about 10,000, housing families of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1948 Palestine War. The camp has since become a stronghold of Palestinian militants, being the location of several incidents relating to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Malhun Hatun (Kuruluş: Osman)
Malhun Hatun was one of the main female protagonists in the Turkish TV series Kuruluş: Osman portrayed by Yıldız Çağrı Atiksoy. She was based on Malhun Hatun,  wife of Osman Gazi. She was the second wife of the character Osman Bey.

Kuruluş: Osman
Kuruluş: Osman (lit. 'Establishment: Osman') is a historical fiction Turkish television series produced by Mehmet Bozdağ under Bozdağ Film. The series premiered on ATV in 2019. It shows Osman’s struggle to establish an independent beylik amid political rivalries, Mongol pressure, and conflicts with neighboring powers. The series continues Bozdağ Film’s Ottoman saga, serving as the successor to Diriliş: Ertuğrul and the predecessor to Kuruluş: Orhan.

The first episode of the series, directed by Metin Günay and written by Mehmet Bozdağ, was aired on 20th November 2019, on the ATV network and last episode of the series aired on June 4th 2025. The show was a continuation of the TRT 1 series Diriliş: Ertuğrul, which aired between 2014 and 2019.
The New Adventures of Superman (TV series)
The New Adventures of Superman is an American series of six-minute animated Superman adventures produced by Filmation that were broadcast Saturday mornings on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 5, 1970. The 68 segments appeared as part of three different programs during that time, packaged with similar shorts featuring The Adventures of Superboy and other DC Comics superheroes.

Filmation
Filmation Associates was an American production company founded by Lou Scheimer, Hal Sutherland and Norm Prescott in 1962. Filmation produced animated and live-action productions and was last located in Woodland Hills, California.

In 1989, Filmation was closed by parent company Group W Productions and its intellectual properties were acquired by French cosmetic firm L'Oréal. Since then, the rights to Filmation's productions have changed hands several times and are today owned primarily by DreamWorks Animation Television.

Notable series that Filmation produced include the DC Comics and Archie Comics animated adaptations, Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, the animated version of Star Trek, its version of Ghostbusters and the two adaptations of the Mattel toyline Masters of the Universe (He-Man and the Masters of the Universe and She-Ra: Princess of Power).
Raid on Yontan Airfield
The Raid on Yontan was an Empire of Japan military operation carried out on the night of May 24–25, 1945 against Yontan Airfield on Okinawa. The airfield was recently seized by American forces during the first day of the Battle of Okinawa and was being used by United States Marine Corps and Army Air Force squadrons. Five Imperial Japanese Army Mitsubishi Ki-21 (Allied reporting name "Sally") bombers, carrying Giretsu Kuteitai special airborne attack troops, conducted a suicide raid against Kadena and Yontan airfields on Okinawa. Four were shot down, but the fifth belly landed on the principal runway at Yontan allowing 10-12 giretsu troops to disembark on the airfield. The raid resulted in the destruction or damage to 38 American aircraft and 70,000 gallons of fuel. However, its overall value was minimal because Yontan Airfield was reopened at 0800 the following morning with little effect to overall Allied aviation operations.

Mitsubishi Ki-21
The Mitsubishi Ki-21, formal designation "Type 97 Heavy Bomber" (九七式重爆撃機, Kyūnana-shiki jūbakugekiki) was a Japanese heavy bomber during World War II. It began operations during the Second Sino-Japanese War participating in the Nomonhan Incident, and in the first stages of the Pacific War, including the Malayan, Burmese, Dutch East Indies and New Guinea Campaigns. It was also used to attack targets as far-flung as western China, India and northern Australia. The Allies designated it under the reporting names "Sally"/"Gwen".
Handboogdoelen, Amsterdam
The Handboogdoelen ("longbowmen's shooting range") is a building on the Singel canal in Amsterdam, near Koningsplein square. It dates back to the early 16th century and originally served as headquarters and shooting range of the local schutterij (civic guard). Most of the current building at Singel 421 dates to the 18th century and is part of the main complex of the Amsterdam University Library. The Doelenzaal hall on the ground floor of the building (not to be confused with the Doelenzaal on Kloveniersburgwal canal) is used for lectures, meetings, receptions and doctoral dissertations. The building has rijksmonument status.

Amsterdam University Library
Amsterdam University Library is the library of the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and the Academic Medical Centre (AMC).
From August 2025 the Library is located at Vendelstraat 2-8. Until June 2025 the central complex of the Library was in the town centre at Singel, close to Heiligeweg and Koningsplein. The Library's Special Collections are housed nearby at Oude Turfmarkt, next to UvA's Allard Pierson Museum. The Library also has a large book depot in the grounds of the AMC, with over 40.5 kilometers of books and other materials.
The foundation Friends of the Library of the University of Amsterdam regularly donates special manuscripts or rare editions to the library collection.
Reid Newfoundland Company
The Reid Newfoundland Company was incorporated in September 1901 and was the operator of the Newfoundland Railway across the island from 1901 to 1923. For a time it was the largest landowner in the Dominion of Newfoundland, today the modern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The company was founded by Sir Robert Gillespie Reid of Scotland, a businessman who had interests in the development of the pulp and paper industry and mining industry. The company was also the owner and operator of the coastal boat service, known as the Alphabet Fleet, the telegraph line and the electrical service in St. John's.

Newfoundland Railway
The Newfoundland Railway was a narrow-gauge railway that operated on the island of Newfoundland from 1898 to 1988. With a total track length of 906 miles (1,458 km), it was the longest 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge system in North America.
Crossmaglen Rangers GAC
Crossmaglen Rangers Gaelic Athletic Club (Irish: Raonaithe na Croise) is a GAA club in Crossmaglen, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. They cater for Gaelic football and camogie. Their home football ground is St. Oliver Plunkett Park, which was opened in 1959. In 1971 the British Army took possession of a portion of the ground despite opposition from the club and the Irish Government, and this led to a controversy regarding the British Army's conduct.

The club have won the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship on six occasions. They have won the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship 11 times and won the Armagh Senior Football Championship 47 times.

Culloville Blues GAC
Culloville Blues Gaelic Athletic Club (Irish: CLG Na Gormacha, Baile Mhic Cholla) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club within Armagh GAA. It is based in the village of Culloville (often spelled Cullaville, possibly anglicised) in south County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

The club plays Gaelic football in the Armagh Senior Championship. The club has two playing fields. The main field is just south of the village, close to the Fane bridge, which marks the border with County Monaghan. A sister club competes in camogie.
Katy Keeley
Kathryn "Katy" Keeley (born c. 1966) is an American former pair skater. With her skating partner, Joseph Mero, she won silver at the 1984 St. Ivel International, gold at the 1986 Skate America, bronze at the 1987 Skate Canada International, bronze at the 1987 NHK Trophy, and bronze at the 1988 Grand Prix International de Paris. They are four-time U.S. national medalists, having won bronze in 1987 and 1989, and pewter in 1986 and 1988.

Joseph Mero
Joseph Mero (born c. 1965) is an American former pair skater. With his skating partner, Katy Keeley, he won silver at the 1984 St. Ivel International, gold at the 1986 Skate America, bronze at the 1987 Skate Canada International, bronze at the 1987 NHK Trophy, and bronze at the 1988 Grand Prix International de Paris. They are four-time U.S. national medalists, having won bronze in 1987 and 1989, and pewter in 1986 and 1988.
Isabella Indian Reservation
The Isabella Indian Reservation is the primary land base of the federally recognized Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation, located in Isabella County in the central part of the U.S. state of Michigan. The tribe also has some small parcels of off-reservation trust land in Standish Township, Arenac County, near Saginaw Bay and  southeast of the city of Standish. Tribal lands are held in trust by the federal government on behalf of the nation.

The tribe owns and operates the Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort in Mount Pleasant and the Saganing Eagles Landing Casino in Standish.

The Tribe entered into an agreement with the state to expand its law enforcement jurisdiction to enforce laws on its members. This expanded area is for law enforcement and its members only and not the Mt. Pleasant community as a whole.

Standish Township, Michigan
Standish Township is a civil township of Arenac County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,701 at the 2020 census. The city of Standish borders the township on the northwest but is administered autonomously.
TPG Telecom
TPG Telecom Limited, formerly Vodafone Hutchison Australia and renamed following a merger with TPG, is an Australian telecommunications company. It is the second-largest telecommunications company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. TPG Telecom is the third-largest wireless carrier in Australia, with 5.8 million subscribers as of 2020.

TPG Telecom is the parent company of several Australian internet retail brands including Vodafone, TPG, iiNet, AAPT, Internode, Lebara and Felix. TPG Telecom owns and operates nationwide fixed and mobile network infrastructure, including Australia's second-largest fixed voice and data network, with more than 27,000 kilometres of metropolitan and inter-capital fibre and a mobile network comprising more than 5,600 sites and covering over 23 million Australians.

IiNet
iiNet Limited is an Australian Internet service provider (ISP) and telecommunications company that sells NBN plans, 4G and 5G Home Wireless Internet and services on its ULTRA Broadband Cable, FTTB and VDSL2 networks.

iiNet also sells mobile phone sim-only plans using the Vodafone network.

iiNet was acquired by TPG in September 2015 for $1.56 billion TPG Telecom has continued to use the brand name iiNet for consumer telecommunications products.

Before its acquisition by TPG Telecom in 2015, iiNet acquired other ISPs, building a customer base in Western Australia, and then expanding into the Eastern States, with major acquisitions including Internode and TransACT.
Music of Morocco
Moroccan music varies greatly between geographic regions and social groups. It is influenced by musical styles including Arab, Berber, Andalusi, Mediterranean, Saharan, West African, and others.

Musical styles vary by geography. Andalusi music and malhun are associated with urban centers in the north, chaabi and aita are associated with the Atlantic coastal plains, reggada is associated with the Beni-Znassen region ( Oujda, Berkane..), gnawa with Essaouira and Marrakesh, ahidus with the Middle Atlas, ahwash with the Sous region, and guedra in the Sahara.

Particularly since the 20th century, musicians have been synthesizing Moroccan musical traditions with influences from around the world, such as blues, rock, metal, reggae, rap, etc. Each genre and musical style is made up of regional subgroups, and is further divided between 'modern' and 'traditional' music.

Andalusi classical music
Andalusi classical music (Arabic: طرب أندلسي, romanized: ṭarab ʾandalusī; Spanish: música andalusí), also called Andalusi music or Arab-Andalusian music, is a genre of music originally developed in al-Andalus by the Muslim population of the region and the Moors. It then spread and influenced many different styles across the Maghreb (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia) after the Expulsion of the Moriscos. It originated in the music of al-Andalus (Muslim Iberia) between the 9th and 15th centuries. Some of its poems derive from famous authors such as al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, Ibn Khafaja, al-Shushtari, and Ibn al-Khatib.
Winai Kraibutr
Winai Kraibutr (Thai: วินัย ไกรบุตร; June 16, 1969 – March 20, 2024) was a Thai actor. He appeared in a number of films that achieved significant success at the Thai box office. He was considered a bankable star in Thailand and achieved minor international exposure through the international release of Bang Rajan. Despite his considerable success in his home country, he also appeared in a joint Khmer-Thai low-budget film from Cambodia titled The Snake King's Child.

The Snake King's Child
The Snake King's Child (Khmer: កូនពស់កេងកង, Koun Puoh Kengkang, also known as Snaker and Ghost Wife 2) is a 2001 Cambodian-Thai horror film directed by Fai Sam Ang, based on a Cambodian myth about the half-human daughter of a snake god. It was produced as a sequel to the 1970 movie The Snake King's Wife. It is the first full-length feature film for cinema to be produced in Cambodia since before the Khmer Rouge era. The special effect of the lead character's head being full of writhing snakes was achieved by gluing live snakes to a cap worn by the actress.