hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spelman College
Spelman College is a private, historically Black, women's liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is a founding member of the  Atlanta University Center academic consortium. Founded in 1881 as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, Spelman awarded its first college degrees in 1901 and is the oldest private historically Black liberal arts institution for women.

Atlanta University Center
The Atlanta University Center Consortium (AUC Consortium) is a collaboration between four historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in southwest Atlanta, Georgia: Clark Atlanta University, Spelman College, Morehouse College, and the Morehouse School of Medicine. It is the only contiguous consortium of African-American higher education institutions in the United States. The consortium structure allows for students to cross-register at the other institutions in order to attain a broader collegiate experience. They also share the Robert W. Woodruff Library, a dual degree engineering program, and career planning and placement services and the AUC Data Science Initiative.
AEW Holiday Bash
AEW Holiday Bash is an annual professional wrestling television special produced by the American promotion All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Established in 2020, the event airs in December as one of AEW's Christmas-themed broadcasts. The inaugural event aired as a special episode of the promotion's flagship weekly television program, Wednesday Night Dynamite. In 2021, the event expanded to two nights, with the second night airing as a special episode of Friday Night Rampage. In 2023, the event added a third night, airing as a special episode of Saturday Night Collision. In 2024, the event returned to a two-night format on Dynamite and Rampage and then Dynamite and Collision in 2025 after Rampage's cancellation at the end of 2024.

Holiday Bash (2025)
The 2025 Holiday Bash was a two-part professional wrestling television special produced by the American company All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The event took place on December 17, 2025. The special consisted of a two-hour episode of Dynamite and two one-hour episodes of Collision which would air on December 17, 2025 and December 20, 2025 respectively and would be simulcasted on TBS, TNT, and HBO Max.
Ōwakudani Station
Ōwakudani Station (Japanese: 大涌谷駅, Hepburn: Ōwakudani-eki) is a station on the Hakone Ropeway in the town of Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan. It is 1.5 kilometers (0.93 mi) from the Hakone Ropeway's  terminus at Sōunzan Station, 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) from the Hakone Ropeway's opposing terminus at Tōgendai Station. It is located at an altitude of 1,044 meters (3,425 ft) in the Ōwakudani area of Hakone.

Sōunzan Station
Sōunzan Station (Japanese: 早雲山駅, Hepburn: Sōunzan-eki) is a terminal funicular railway station on the Hakone Tozan Cable Car Line in the town of Hakone, Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is 1.2 kilometers (0.75 mi) by rail from the Hakone Tozan Cable Car Line's opposing terminus at Gōra Station. It is also the lower terminus for the Hakone Ropeway, from Tōgendai Station, and is located at an altitude of 767 meters (2,516 ft).
Simeon Gannett Reed
Simeon Gannett Reed (April 23, 1830 – November 7, 1895) was an American businessman and entrepreneur in Oregon.  A native of Massachusetts, he made a fortune primarily in the transportation sector in association with William S. Ladd. Reedville, Oregon, and Reed College in Portland, Oregon are named after Reed.

William S. Ladd
William Sargent Ladd (October 10, 1826 – January 6, 1893) was an American politician and businessman in Oregon. He twice served as the mayor of Portland, Oregon, in the 1850s. A native of Vermont, he was a prominent figure in the early development of Portland, and co-founded the first bank in the state in 1859. Ladd also built the first brick building in Portland and was a noted philanthropist. Part of his former estate, the Ladd Carriage House, is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Manila Railway 70 class
The Manila Railway 70 class of 1908 was a class of at least twenty-two 0-6-2 side and well-tank locomotives built by the North British Locomotive Company. These locomotives were first put into service on a mainline during the late 1900s and early 1910s by the Manila Railway Company. Their primary purpose was to support the growing network and replace the aging Dagupan class engines. They were used on all the lines of the Manila Railway and its succeeding incarnation, the Manila Railroad. Over time, some locomotives were either scrapped or given to sugarcane plantations after being withdrawn. The last unit, No. 79, remained in service with the Pampanga Sugar Development Company as late as 1989.

Manila Railway Dagupan class
The Manila Railway Dagupan class comprised thirty side tank locomotives. They were built for the Manila Railway Company between 1888 and 1890, and were the first true mainline locomotives in service of the Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan inter-city rail line, succeeding two of five Manila-class light-duty locomotives. One of these locomotives, No. 17 Urdaneta, survives today on static display in an open-air museum in Dagupan, Pangasinan.
Brinsley Schwarz (musician)
Brinsley Ernst Pieter Schwarz (born 15 August 1947) is an English guitarist and rock musician. He is best known for playing in his eponymous band, as well as Ducks Deluxe and The Rumour. He has also recorded and produced with Colin Scot, Ernie Graham, Frankie Miller, Al Stewart, Dr. Feelgood, The Kursaal Flyers, Dave Edmunds, Carlene Carter, Nick Lowe, Desmond Dekker, Garland Jeffreys, Any Trouble, Duncan Dhu, Rachel Sweet, Man, and Mikel Erentxun.

Nick Lowe
Nicholas Drain Lowe (born 24 March 1949) is an English singer-songwriter, musician and producer. A noted figure in pub rock, power pop and new wave, Lowe has recorded a string of well-reviewed solo albums. Along with being a vocalist, Lowe plays guitar, bass guitar, piano and harmonica.

He is best known for the songs "Cruel to Be Kind" (a US top 40 single) and "I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass" (a top 10 UK hit), as well as his production work with Elvis Costello, Graham Parker, and others. Lowe also wrote "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding", a hit for Costello and "I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll)", a hit for Rockpile bandmate Dave Edmunds.
Casey Fields
Casey Fields is a $30 million, 70 hectare multi-sports complex in the City of Casey at Cranbourne East, a southeastern suburb of Melbourne. The complex is home to Australian rules football, cricket, netball, soccer, tennis, cycling, golf, and rugby football.

The precinct's most prominent facility is the Main Oval, an Australian rules football oval which serves as the home of the Casey Demons in the Victorian Football League. The Australian Football League's Melbourne Football Club has a training base and plays AFL Women's games at the complex. The Casey-South Melbourne Cricket Club in the Victorian Premier Cricket competition is also based at Casey Fields.

It is also the training venue for A-Leagues side Melbourne City FC, with the club hosting Australia Cup and Women's matches, as well as their NPL and Youth sides at the City Football Academy stadium. This facility is known as the City Football Academy.

Casey Demons
The Casey Football Club, nicknamed the Demons, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Cranbourne East.

The club, which was previously known as the Springvale Football Club (1903–2005) and the Casey Scorpions (2006–16), plays in the Victorian Football League (VFL). It has a reserves affiliation with the Melbourne Football Club.

The club changed its nickname to the "Demons" prior to the 2017 season to strengthen its alliance with the Melbourne Football Club, also known as the "Demons".

Casey also has a netball team which has competed in the Victorian Netball League (VNL) since 2019.
Morane-Saulnier H
The Morane-Saulnier H was an early aircraft first flown in France in the months immediately preceding the First World War; it was a single-seat derivative of the successful Morane-Saulnier G with a slightly reduced wingspan  Like the Type G, it was a successful sporting and racing aircraft: examples serving with the French army were used in the opening phases of the war.

German versions, the Fokker Eindecker fighters, were armed with forward-firing machine guns and became the first single-seat fighter aircraft so armed.

Fokker Eindecker fighters
The Fokker Eindecker fighters were a series of German World War I monoplane single-seat fighter aircraft designed by Dutch engineer Anthony Fokker. Developed in April 1915, the first Eindecker ("Monoplane") was the first purpose-built German fighter aircraft and the first aircraft to be fitted with a synchronization gear, enabling the pilot to fire a machine gun through the arc of the propeller without striking the blades. The Eindecker gave the German Army's Air Service (then the Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches) a degree of air superiority from July 1915 until early 1916. This period, during which Allied aviators regarded their poorly armed aircraft as "Fokker Fodder", became known as the "Fokker Scourge".
Jack d'Avigdor-Goldsmid
Major-General Sir James Arthur "Jack" d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, 3rd Baronet, CB, OBE, MC (19 December 1912 – 6 September 1987) was a British Army officer and British Conservative politician. He was a member of the prominent Anglo-Jewish d'Avigdor-Goldsmid family, and his brother Sir Henry d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, 2nd Baronet was also a Member of Parliament.

D'Avigdor-Goldsmid baronets
The d'Avigdor-Goldsmid Baronetcy, of Somerhill in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 January 1934 for Osmond d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and chairman for the Jewish Agency for Palestine in London. He was the grandson of Count Henri Salomon d'Avigdor, Duke of Acquaviva, and Rachel, daughter of Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet, and succeeded to the Goldsmid estates on the death of his cousin Sir Julian Goldsmid, 3rd Baronet (see Goldsmid baronets). His eldest son, the second Baronet, was a company director and Conservative politician. The latter was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Baronet, a retired military commander. He was Conservative Member of Parliament for Lichfield and Tamworth. The title became extinct on his death in 1987.
16-Ketoestradiol
16-Ketoestradiol (16-keto-E2, 16-oxoestradiol, or 16-oxo-E2) is an endogenous estrogen related to 16-ketoestrone. 16-Ketoestrone is a very weak estrogen with only 1/1000 the estrogenic potency of estradiol in the uterus. It is a so-called "short-acting" or "impeded" estrogen, similarly to estriol and dimethylstilbestrol.

16-Ketoestrone
16-Ketoestrone (16-keto-E1, or 16-oxoestrone, or 16-oxo-E1) is an endogenous estrogen related to 16α-hydroxyestrone and 16β-hydroxyestrone. In contrast to 16α-hydroxyestrone and 16β-hydroxyestrone, but similarly to 16-ketoestradiol, 16-ketoestrone is a very weak estrogen with less than 1/1000 the estrogenic potency of estrone in the uterus. 16-Ketoestrone has been reported to act as an inhibitor of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. 16-Ketoestrone can be converted by 16α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase into estriol in the body.
Junichi Yamamoto (singer)
Junichi Yamamoto (山本 淳一, Yamamoto Jun'ichi, born 28 February 1972, in Hachiōji, Tokyo) is a Japanese singer, actor, tarento, and professional wrestler. He is a former member of Hikaru Genji (later changed the name to Hikaru Genji Super 5).

Yamamoto graduated from Hachioji-shi Linnan Middle School and Sumida Industrial High School. He is nicknamed Bungee (バンジー, Banjī) and Jun-kun (淳くん). Yamamoto is currently represented with Wing Run.

Hikaru Genji (band)
Hikaru Genji (光GENJI（ひかるゲンジ）) was a Japanese pop music idol group named after the character Hikaru Genji of The Tale of Genji. They were managed by Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates from 1987 to 1995.
Live-cell imaging
Live-cell imaging is the study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy. It is used by scientists to obtain a better understanding of biological function through the study of cellular dynamics. Live-cell imaging was pioneered in the first decade of the 21st century. One of the first time-lapse microcinematographic films of cells ever made was made by Julius Ries, showing the fertilization and development of the sea urchin egg. Since then, several microscopy methods have been developed to study living cells in greater detail with less effort. A newer type of imaging using quantum dots have been used, as they are shown to be more stable. The development of holotomographic microscopy has disregarded phototoxicity and other staining-derived disadvantages by implementing digital staining based on cells’ refractive index.

Time-lapse microscopy
Time-lapse microscopy is time-lapse photography applied to microscopy. Microscope image sequences are recorded and then viewed at a greater speed to give an accelerated view of the microscopic process.

Before the introduction of the video tape recorder in the 1960s, time-lapse microscopy recordings were made on photographic film. During this period, time-lapse microscopy was referred to as microcinematography. With the increasing use of video recorders, the term time-lapse video microscopy was gradually adopted. Today, the term video is increasingly dropped, reflecting that a digital still camera is used to record the individual image frames, instead of a video recorder.
New York–Dublin Portal
The New York–Dublin Portal (also simply known as The Portal) is an interactive installation created by Lithuanian artist Benediktas Gylys to allow people in New York City and Dublin to interact with each other using two 24-hour live streaming video screens (without audio). The second series of installations in Gylys' Portal series, the New York–Dublin Portal has been compared to Paul St George's past art installation named the Telectroscope, which connected New York to London in 2008. The portal first opened on May 8, 2024 and closed on September 2, 2024 due to inappropriate behaviour such as profanity and nudity. The portal was moved to Philadelphia in October 2024.

Telectroscope
The telectroscope or electroscope was the first conceptual model of a television or videophone system. The term was used in the 19th century to describe science-based systems of distant seeing.

The name and its concept came into being not long after the telephone was patented in 1876, and its original concept evolved from that of remote facsimile reproductions onto paper, into the live viewing of remote images.
Refrain
A refrain (from Vulgar Latin: refringere, "to repeat", through Old French: refraindre) is the line or lines that are repeated in poetry or in music—the "chorus" of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle, the virelay, and the sestina.

In popular music, the refrain or chorus may contrast with the verse melodically, rhythmically, and harmonically; it may assume a higher level of dynamics and activity, often with added instrumentation. Chorus form, or strophic form, is a sectional and/or additive way of structuring a piece of music based on the repetition of one formal section or block played.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Envsys
The envsys framework is a kernel-level hardware monitoring sensors framework in NetBSD.  As of 4 March 2019, the framework is used by close to 85 device drivers to export various environmental monitoring sensors, as evidenced by references of the sysmon_envsys_register symbol within the sys path of NetBSD; with temperature sensors, ENVSYS_STEMP, being the most likely type to be exported by any given driver.: 32   Sensors are registered with the kernel through sysmon_envsys(9) API.  Consumption and monitoring of sensors from the userland is performed with the help of envstat utility through proplib(3) through ioctl(2) against the /dev/sysmon pseudo-device file, the powerd power management daemon that responds to kernel events by running scripts from /etc/powerd/scripts/, as well as third-party tools like symon and GKrellM from pkgsrc.

Property list
In the macOS, iOS, NeXTSTEP, and GNUstep programming frameworks, property list files are files that store serialized objects.  Property list files use the filename extension .plist, and thus are often referred to as p-list files.

Property list files are often used to store a user's settings.  They are also used to store information about bundles and applications, a task served by the resource fork in the old Mac OS.

Property lists are also used for localization strings for development. These files use the .strings or .stringsdict extensions. The former is a "reduced" old-style plist containing only one dictionary without the braces (see propertyListFromStringsFileFormat), while the latter is a fully fledged plist. Xcode also uses a .pbxproj extension for old-style plists used as project files.
Cholo
Cholo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃolo]) was a racial category used in 18th-century Spanish America to refer to people who were three-quarters Amerindian by descent and one-quarter Spanish. Its origin is a somewhat derogatory term for people of mixed-blood heritage in the Spanish Empire in Latin America and its successor states as part of castas, the informal ranking of society by heritage. Cholo no longer necessarily refers only to ethnic heritage, and is not always meant negatively. Cholo can signify anything from its original sense as a person with one Indigenous parent and one mestizo parent, "gangster" in Mexico, an insult in some South American countries (similar to chulo in Spain), or a "person who dresses in the manner of a certain subculture" in the United States as part of the cholo subculture.

Casta
Casta (Spanish: [ˈkasta]) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier. In the context of the Spanish Empire in the Americas, the term also refers to a now-discredited 20th-century theoretical framework which postulated that colonial society operated under a hierarchical race-based "caste system". From the outset, colonial Spanish America resulted in widespread intermarriage: unions of Spaniards (españoles), indigenous people (indios), and Africans (negros).

Basic mixed-race categories that appeared in official colonial documentation were mestizo, generally offspring of a Spaniard and an Indigenous person; and mulatto, offspring of a Spaniard and an African. A plethora of terms were used for people with mixed Spanish, Indigenous, and African ancestry in 18th-century casta paintings, but they are not known to have been widely used officially or unofficially in the Spanish Empire.
Štrbské Pleso–Štrba rack railway
The Štrbské Pleso–Štrba rack railway is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge narrow-gauge railway in the High Tatras. It was built in 1896 and reconstructed in 1970. At the valley terminus (Štrba railway station), it connects to the standard-gauge main line between Bratislava and Košice, and at the mountain terminus (Štrbské Pleso railway station), it connects to the Tatra Electric Railway.

Košice–Bohumín Railway
The Košice–Bohumín Railway (Czech: Košicko-bohumínská dráha, Slovak: Košicko-bohumínska železnica, Polish: Kolej koszycko-bogumińska, German: Kaschau-Oderberger Bahn, Hungarian: Kassa-Oderbergi Vasút) can refer to:

originally: A private railway company established in 1869 in Austria-Hungary. In 1924 the company was nationalised and put under the Czechoslovak State Railways.

nowadays: The main track of this company (between Košice and Bohumín). The Košice-Bohumín track connected the industrial area of Silesia with the city of Košice in what is now eastern Slovakia. It was completed in 1872.
Marsalforn
Marsalforn (pronounced: Mars al-Forn), also written as M'Forn for shortcut purposes, is a town on the north coast of Gozo, the second largest island of the Maltese archipelago. The town lies between the hilltop towns of Xagħra and Żebbuġ. Associated with this town is the bay of Qbajjar. The town is part of the Żebbuġ local council.

Marsalforn is one of the most popular tourist resorts on Gozo. It is well served by hotels, guest houses, restaurants, bars, and beaches. There is only a small sandy beach in Marsalforn. However, along the rocky coastline are a number of interesting swimming spots.

Żebbuġ, Gozo
Żebbuġ (Maltese: Iż-Żebbuġ) is a village and an administrative unit of Malta, in the northwest coast of the island of Gozo. It is located close to Għarb and Għasri and is built on two hilltop plateaus, Ta' Abram and Ix-Xagħra taż-Żebbuġ. The fishing port and tourist resort of Marsalforn lies within the Żebbuġ Council. The village has a population of 2,956 (as of March 2014), which makes it the fifth largest in Gozo, after Xewkija.

With an area of 7.6 km2, Żebbuġ is the largest local council in Gozo by land area. The word Żebbuġ means "wild olive trees", a crop for which the village used to be noted, although nowadays very few olive trees remain on the slopes of Żebbuġ. The village is also well known for its fine lacework and its nearby coastal beauty spots.
Table Mountain (Skamania County, Washington)
Table Mountain is a peak rising on the north side of the Columbia River in Washington state, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-northwest of Bonneville Dam. It is one of the most spectacular landmarks of the Columbia River Gorge. Its southeast face drops 2,400 feet (730 m) in less than one horizontal mile (1.6 km.), and is topped by an almost vertical 800-foot (240 m) cliff. Table Mountain is joined by the similar Greenleaf Peak to the northeast, and also by Hamilton Mountain to the southwest, which is lower, (2,438 ft or 743 m), but similarly steep and much closer to the Columbia. Together these peaks form an impressive group on the Washington side of the Gorge.

Between 1425 and 1450 AD the south side of Table Mountain sheared off and dammed the Columbia River in an event known as the Bonneville Slide.

The river soon carved a new bend around to the south, but for a while Native Americans living in the area could walk across. This led to the legend known as the Bridge of the Gods.

Bridge of the Gods (land bridge)
The Bridge of the Gods was a natural dam created by the Bonneville Slide, a major landslide that dammed the Columbia River near present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The river eventually breached the bridge and washed much of it away, but the event is remembered in local legends of the Native Americans as the Bridge of the Gods.

The Bridge of the Gods is also the name of a modern manmade bridge, across the Columbia River between Oregon and Washington.