hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle for Brest
The Battle for Brest was fought in August and September 1944 on the Western Front during World War II. Part of the overall Battle for Brittany and the Allied plan for the invasion of mainland Europe called for the capture of port facilities, in order to ensure the timely delivery of the enormous amount of war materiel required to supply the invading Allied forces. It was estimated that the 37 Allied divisions to be on the continent by September 1944 would need 26,000 tons of supplies each day. The main port the Allied forces hoped to seize and put into their service was Brest, in northwestern France.

Battle for Brittany
The Battle for Brittany took place between August and October 1944. After the Allied Normandy breakout in June 1944, Brittany was attacked for its well developed ports which the Allies intended to use, whilst also stopping their continued use by German U-boats.
Sydney Sandpipers
Sydney Sandpipers  were an Australian netball team based in Sydney. Between 1997 and 2003, they represented Netball New South Wales in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy league. Together with Sydney Swifts and Hunter Jaegers, they were one of three teams to represent  NNSW in the competition. In 1997 Sandpipers were founder members of the league. They continued to play in the competition until 2003, when they were replaced by Hunter Jaegers.

Hunter Jaegers
Hunter Jaegers were an Australian netball team based in Newcastle, New South Wales. Together with Sydney Swifts and Sydney Sandpipers, they were one of three teams to represent Netball New South Wales in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy league. Hunter Jaegers made their CBT debut in 2004. They continued to play in the competition until its demise in 2007. In 2008, when the Commonwealth Bank Trophy was replaced by the ANZ Championship, Jaegers and Swifts  merged to form New South Wales Swifts.
Perovskite (structure)
A perovskite is a crystalline material of formula ABX3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite, this latter consisting of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. A. Perovski (1792–1856). In addition to being one of the most abundant structural families, perovskites have wide-ranging properties and applications.

Perovskite
Perovskite (pronunciation: /pəˈrɒvskaɪt/) is an orthorhombic calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula CaTiO3). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A2+B4+(X2−)3 for chalcogen (group 16) perovskites, or A1+B2+(X1−)3 for the halogen (group 17) perovskites (the kind typically found in modern photovoltaics like photodiodes and solar panels). Many different cations can be embedded in this structure, allowing the development of diverse engineered materials.
Anti-Nazi League
The Anti-Nazi League (ANL) was an organisation set up in 1977 on the initiative of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) with sponsorship from some trade unions and the endorsement of a list of prominent people to oppose the rise of far-right groups in the United Kingdom. It was wound down in 1981. It was relaunched in 1992, but merged into Unite Against Fascism in 2003.

Unite Against Fascism
Unite Against Fascism (UAF) is a British anti-fascist group formed in 2003 as a merger between the Anti-Nazi League and the National Assembly Against Racism (NAAR).

Its joint secretaries are Weyman Bennett, of the Socialist Workers Party, and Sabby Dhalu, formerly of NAAR. Its chair is Steve Hart of Unite the Union and its assistant secretary was the late Jude Woodward of Socialist Action.

Since 2013, UAF has mainly operated in partnership with its sister organisation Stand Up To Racism, which has many of the same officers as UAF: Bennett and Dhalu as joint secretaries, Diane Abbott as president and co-chairs Dave Ward of the Communication Workers' Union and Talha Ahmad of the Muslim Council of Britain.
Royal Rumble (1996)
The 1996 Royal Rumble was the ninth annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on January 21, 1996, at the Selland Arena in Fresno, California. As has been customary since 1993, the Royal Rumble match winner received a world championship match at that year's WrestleMania. For the 1996 event, the winner received a match for the WWF Championship at WrestleMania XII.

The main event saw The Undertaker face Bret Hart for the WWF Championship, where Undertaker won via disqualification due to interference from Diesel; Hart retained as titles do not change hands on disqualification unless stipulated. The undercard featured the 1996 Royal Rumble match, which Shawn Michaels won by last eliminating Diesel, becoming the second person to win the Royal Rumble match twice, and back-to-back, after Hulk Hogan.

WrestleMania XII
WrestleMania XII was a 1996 professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It was the 12th annual WrestleMania and took place on March 31, 1996, at the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim in Anaheim, California. Eight matches were held at the event, including two on the Free for All pre-show.

In the main event, Bret Hart lost the WWF Championship to Shawn Michaels in the first televised Iron Man match in company history, lasting over 60 minutes. In his return to the company after a four-year hiatus, The Ultimate Warrior defeated Hunter Hearst Helmsley. Roddy Piper had his first match since 1994, taking on and defeating Goldust in a "Hollywood Backlot Brawl" match.
Suleiman Frangieh
Suleiman Kabalan Frangieh (15 June 1910 – 23 July 1992) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 5th president of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976.

In 1957, Frangieh was personally implicated in the murder by machine gun of 20 members of the rivaling Douaihy clan. This forced him into exile, but he returned in 1958 due to an amnesty. In 1960, he was first elected to Parliament. During his presidency, he was perceived as a consensus candidate, and he tried to strike a balance between different ethnic and political groups after the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. However, he also founded and led a personal militia, the Marada Movement. The related Marada Brigade was led by his son Tony Frangieh. These militias were right-wing and pro-Syrian, while the Marada Brigade has also been described as a mafia-style organisation.

Tony Frangieh
Antoine "Tony" Suleiman Frangieh (Arabic: أنطوان "طوني" سليمان فرنجية; 1 September 1941 – 13 June 1978) was a Lebanese politician and militia commander during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. He was the son of Suleiman Frangieh, a former Lebanese president.

Tony Frangieh was an active participant in Lebanese politics and a member of the Marada Brigade, a Christian militia group that was founded in 1975 by his father.
PWP Heavyweight Championship
The PWP Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by Pro Wrestling Pride. It was the second championship incorporated by Pro Wrestling Pride; behind the PWP Catch Division Championship. As the companies main championship, it is usually competed for in the main event of each show.

The Championship was established on the companies 5th show, in Teignmouth, Devon in the main event. Chris Andrews would become the first champion, in a four-way match for the championship; defeating 'Wild Boar' Mike Hitchman, PJ Jones & The UK Dominator.

PWP Catch Division Championship
The PWP Catch Division Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by Pro Wrestling Pride. It was the first championship incorporated by Pro Wrestling Pride, and the company's second-tier championship behind the PWP Heavyweight Championship. Despite the championship being the secondary championship for the promotion, it has been known to main-event shows above the heavyweight championship.

The championship was established on the first Pro Wrestling Pride show under the company's banner on 13 May 2012, where Tyler Hawke defeated Wales' 'Wild Boar' Mike Hitchman. The design of the championship is that of a trophy rather than a traditional championship belt. Despite the championship being predominantly male, it has been won by a female. Bobbi Tyler won the championship for a single day in January 2017.
Sealdah–Silchar Kanchanjungha Express
Sealdah - Silchar Kanchanjungha Express is an Express train belonging to Eastern Railway zone that runs between Sealdah (Kolkata) and Silchar (Assam) in India via Barddhaman , Rampurhat , Malda Town , New Jalpaiguri , Guwahati. It is currently being operated with 13175/13176 train numbers on a tri-weekly basis.

Silchar railway station
Silchar railway station is a railway station situated at Tarapur, Silchar in Assam. The railway station falls under the jurisdiction of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone of the Indian Railways. The railway gauge functioned here is broad gauge. The station consists of single diesel line". It is one of the oldest railway station in India built under Assam Bengal Railway. The station has three platforms with a total of 14 originating trains. It serves Silchar, as well as the whole Barak Valley. Trains operate to different cities of India from Silchar including Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Kanpur, Patna, Prayagraj, Hyderabad , Coimbatore, Vijayawada, Guwahati, Bhubaneswar, Thiruvananthapuram, Agartala & Dibrugarh. As of now, 170 stations across India are directly connected to Silchar railway station.
Mount Baker Wilderness
Mount Baker Wilderness is a 119,989-acre (48,558 ha) wilderness area within the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest in the western Cascade Range of northern Washington state. Its eastern border is shared with the boundary of the Stephen Mather Wilderness and North Cascades National Park for a distance of 40 miles (65 kilometers). The wilderness extends from State Route 20 north to the Canada–US border. On the west, it is bounded by the foothills of the Puget Sound lowlands.

Almost entirely within Whatcom County, the wilderness lies on the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains. The three forks of the Nooksack River and the Baker River are the major drainages of the wilderness.

Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest
The Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest in Washington is a National Forest extending more than 140 miles (230 km) along the western slopes of the Cascade Range from the Canada–US border to the northern boundary of Mount Rainier National Park. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, which has headquarter offices for this forest in Everett. Local ranger district offices are in North Bend and Skykomish.
The Istana
The Istana houses the offices of the President and Prime Minister and is a venue for state events and important official functions.

The Istana is also the office of the prime minister of Singapore and contains Sri Temasek, the official residence of the prime minister since Singapore's independence in 1965, though none of the prime ministers have ever lived there.

The 106 acres (0.43 km2) estate was once part of the extensive nutmeg plantation of Mount Sophia. In 1867, the British colonial government acquired the land and built a mansion to be the official home of the British governor. This continued until 1959 when Singapore was granted self-governance, and the governor was replaced by the Yang di-Pertuan Negara, who was in turn replaced by the president of Singapore.

Sri Temasek
Sri Temasek is a two-storey detached house built in 1869 which is sited within the grounds of the Istana in Singapore. During the island's colonial era, it served as the residence of the Chief Secretary. Since Singapore gained self-governance from the United Kingdom in 1959, the house has been the official residence of the Prime Minister of Singapore, though none of the prime ministers have ever lived there. Together with the Istana, it was gazetted a national monument on 14 February 1992.
Whitney inequality
In mathematics, the Whitney inequality gives an upper bound for the error of best approximation of a function by polynomials in terms of the moduli of smoothness. It was first proved by Hassler Whitney in 1957, and is an important tool in the field of approximation theory for obtaining upper estimates on the errors of best approximation.

Modulus of smoothness
In mathematics, moduli of smoothness are used to quantitatively measure smoothness of functions. Moduli of smoothness generalise modulus of continuity and are used in approximation theory and numerical analysis to estimate errors of approximation by polynomials and splines.
Ammobium
Ammobium is genus of perennial Asteraceae species described as a genus in 1824 by Robert Brown, with the type species being Ammobium alatum.

Ammobium is native to eastern Australia.

Species

Ammobium alatum R.Br. - New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia

Ammobium craspedioides Benth. - New South Wales

Ammobium alatum
Ammobium alatum, commonly known as the winged everlasting, is a species of perennial herb in the daisy family Asteraceae and is both a native and an introduced species in south-eastern Australia. It has prominently winged stems, most of its leaves at the base, and heads of yellow florets surrounding by papery, white involucral bracts.
Worser Bay
Worser Bay in Wellington, New Zealand is along the beach from Seatoun and over the hill from Miramar on the Miramar Peninsula. It has a calm sandy beach with a road running along the base of the Seatoun Heights hill. Houses run all along the hill side of the road, with only carparks and beach facilities opposite.

The beach is subject to the windy conditions of Wellington with gusty northerlies often changing to cold, consistent southerlies. The waters are calm as the beach is within the natural harbour and in summer it is a popular destination for families, much like the nearby Scorching Bay.

Named after James Heberley's frequent predictions of "worser" weather, the beach still has the original pilot's cottage that housed James and other pilots from 1866.

Karaka Bays
Karaka Bays is a suburb of Wellington, New Zealand. It lies on the northeast coast of the Miramar Peninsula, 6 km east-south-east of the city centre, and has an expansive view of Wellington Harbour. It takes its name from a New Zealand native tree, the karaka (or the New Zealand laurel).

The suburb consists of residential properties close to the shores of two bays, Scorching Bay in the north and Karaka Bay in the south. Nearby suburbs are Miramar and Maupuia. Prominent features of Karaka Bays include the Scorching Bay Domain and a recreational park at the northern end of the suburb. The Cook Strait ferry passes the coast of Karaka Bay on its way between Picton and Wellington.

The area was historically connected with whaling - Coombe Rocks, a series of rocky islets off the coast, were used as a watching-place for cetaceans. In recent years marine mammals have returned to the area, with seals commonly sighted along the coast and orca occasionally visible offshore.
Contract cheating
Contract cheating is a form of academic dishonesty in which students pay others to complete their coursework. The term was coined in a 2006 study by Thomas Lancaster and Robert Clarke as a more inclusive way to talk about all forms of academic work, as opposed to more outdated terms such as "term paper mill" or "essay mill", which refer to text-based academic outsourcing. In contrast, Lancaster and Clarke are computer scientists who found evidence of students systematically outsourcing coding assignments. Hence, they coined the term "contract cheating" to include all outsourced academic work, regardless of whether it is from text-based or non-text-based disciplines.

Essay mill
An essay mill (also term paper mill) is a business that allows customers to commission an original piece of writing on a particular topic so that they may commit academic fraud. Customers provide the company with specific information about the essay, including number of pages, general topic, and a time frame to work within. The customer is charged a certain amount per page. A similar concept is the essay bank, a company from which students can purchase prewritten but less expensive essays on various topics, at higher risk of being caught. Both forms of business are under varying legal restraints in some jurisdictions.
Vrouwenpolder
Vrouwenpolder is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Veere, and lies about 9 km north of Middelburg. The name is derived from "the polder of Our Lady", referring to the Virgin Mary.

Veere
Veere (Dutch: [ˈveːrə] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Ter Veere) is a municipality with a population of 22,000 and a town with a population of 1,500 in the southwestern Netherlands, in the region of Walcheren in the province of Zeeland.
Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Battleship Cove station
Battleship Cove is a proposed MBTA Commuter Rail station in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is planned to be the southern terminus of the Fall River branch of the South Coast Rail project, and will open in 2030 as part of the project's Phase II. The station will have no parking—it is intended for tourists visiting Battleship Cove and the Fall River waterfront, with Fall River station to the north serving commuters—and will be open seasonally. Previous passenger service to Fall River included stations at Fall River Wharf (1847–1937) and Ferry Street (1864–1958). The Wharf station was the terminus of the Fall River Line steamship service.

Fall River station
Fall River station (signed as Fall River Depot) is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in northern Fall River, Massachusetts. It opened on March 24, 2025, as part of the first phase of the South Coast Rail project. It is the southern terminal of the Fall River Branch of the Fall River/New Bedford Line. The station has a single side platform on the west side of the Fall River Secondary, along with a park and ride lot.

The Fall River Railroad opened to its namesake city in 1845. Bowenville station opened in the northern part of the city in 1867 under the Old Colony Railroad. It became the eastern terminal of the Fall River, Warren and Providence Railroad in 1875. A new station designed by Bradford Gilbert opened in 1891 and became the main station for the city. It saw passenger service until 1958. After over a decade of planning, construction of the modern station began in 2020.
Eliya IX
Eliya IX (Syriac: ܐܠܝܐ / Elīyā, died 17 May 1700) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1660 to 1700, with his residence in Rabban Hormizd Monastery, near Alqosh, in modern Iraq. He was a "vigorous defender of the traditional faith", and on several occasions acted against local representatives of the Catholic Church in the region. His correspondence with Rome, in 1668–1669, ended without agreement on the discussed issues.

In older historiography, he was designated as Eliya IX, but later renumbered as Eliya "X" by some authors. After the resolution of several chronological questions, he was designated again as Eliya IX, and that numeration is accepted in recent scholarly works.

Patriarch of the Church of the East
The patriarch of the Church of the East (also known as patriarch of the East, patriarch of Babylon, the catholicos of the East (ancient Greek: καθολικός katholikós, all-encompassing [καθ- + ὅλου + -ικός]) or the grand metropolitan of the East) is the patriarch, or leader and head bishop (sometimes referred to as Catholicos or universal leader) of the Church of the East. The position dates to the early centuries of Christianity within the Sassanid Empire, and the Church has been known by a variety of names, including the Church of the East, Nestorian Church, the Persian Church, the Sassanid Church, or East Syrian.

Since 1552, rival patriarchal lines were established, traditionalist on one side and pro-Catholic on the other. In modern times, patriarchal succession is claimed from this office to the patriarchal offices of the successor churches: the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East.
The American Magazine
The American Magazine was a periodical publication founded in June 1906, a continuation of failed publications purchased a few years earlier from publishing mogul Miriam Leslie. It succeeded Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (1876–1904), Leslie's Monthly Magazine (1904–1905), Leslie's Magazine (1905) and the American Illustrated Magazine (1905–1906). The magazine was published through August 1956.

Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (1876–1904) was an American popular literary magazine established by Frank Leslie as "the cheapest magazine published in the world." The publisher was Frank Leslie Pub. House which was based in New York City.

Contributors included Henry James and Eben E. Rexford. In 1905 it was continued by The American Magazine.
Telefónica Germany
Telefónica Germany (German pronunciation: [teləˌfɔnɪkaː ˈdʒœːɐ̯məniː]; officially Telefónica Deutschland Holding AG) is a telecommunications operator in Germany, headquartered in Munich and owned by the Spanish Telefónica group. The company provides mobile phone, LTE, 5G, broadband, cable internet, landline and IPTV services in Germany. The company sells products under the consumer brand O2.

By the end of 2025, the company and its subsidiaries managed 38.3 million mobile phone as well as 2.4 million broadband connections. The company operates its own mobile network in Germany with over 29.000 network sites.

Telefónica Germany's main competitors are 1&1 Mobilfunk, Telekom Deutschland (Deutsche Telekom's German private customer unit) and Vodafone.

Telefónica
Telefónica, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [teleˈfonika]) is a Spanish multinational telecommunications company. It has headquarters as well as a registered office in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest telephone operators and mobile network providers in the world. It provides fixed and mobile telephony, broadband, and subscription television, operating in Europe and the Americas.

Along with its Telefónica brand, it also trades as Movistar, O2, and Vivo. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. On 15 April 2012, Telefónica shut down TVA and Ajacto, which unified the brand into Vivo.