hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xvid
Xvid (formerly "XviD") is a video codec library following the MPEG-4 video coding standard, specifically MPEG-4 Part 2 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP). It uses ASP features such as b-frames, global and quarter pixel motion compensation, lumi masking, trellis quantization, and H.263, MPEG and custom quantization matrices.

Xvid is a primary competitor of the DivX Pro Codec. In contrast with the DivX codec, which is proprietary software developed by DivX, LLC, Xvid is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. This also means that unlike the DivX codec, which is only available for a limited number of platforms, Xvid can be used on all platforms and operating systems for which the source code can be compiled.

Video codec
A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that only decompresses is a decoder.

The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format. The compression is typically lossy, meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video. A consequence of this is that decompressed video has lower quality than the original, uncompressed video because there is insufficient information to accurately reconstruct the original video.

There are complex relationships between the video quality, the amount of data used to represent the video (determined by the bit rate), the complexity of the encoding and decoding algorithms, sensitivity to data losses and errors, ease of editing, random access, and end-to-end delay (latency).
Helibras
Helibras or Helicópteros do Brasil S.A. (Helicopters of Brazil, Inc.) is a Brazil-based helicopter manufacturer which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Airbus Helicopters, a division of Airbus.

Helibras has produced and delivered more than 800 helicopters, 70% of which being the Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil (known in Portuguese as Esquilo). Ten percent of total production is exported to Latin American countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Helibras leads the Brazilian market of turbine helicopters in operation, the company's rotorcraft comprising 54 per cent of those used in the civilian market. It has a greater lead within the domestic military market, the company's share being roughly 66 per cent.

Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil
The Airbus Helicopters H125 (previously the Eurocopter AS350) Écureuil, or Squirrel, is a single-engine light utility helicopter designed and originally manufactured by the French corporation Aérospatiale, later by Eurocopter, which became Airbus Helicopters. In North America, the H125 is marketed as the AStar. The AS355 Ecureuil 2 is a twin-engine variant, marketed in North America as the TwinStar.

The Eurocopter EC130 is a derivative of the AS350 airframe and is considered by the manufacturer to be part of the Écureuil single-engine family.
Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.

Karaman
Karaman is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about 100 km (62 mi) south of Konya. It is the seat of Karaman Province and Karaman District. Its population is 175,390 (2022). The town lies at an average elevation of 1,039 m (3,409 ft). The Karaman Museum is one of the major sights.
DéFI
DéFI ([defi] ⓘ), a backronym of Démocrate fédéraliste indépendant ([demɔkʁat fedeʁalist ɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃]) is a regionalist and social-liberal political party in Belgium mainly known for defending French-speakers' interests in and near the Brussels region. Founded in 1964, the party is led by Sophie Rohonyi, a former member of the Chamber of Representatives. The party's current name, DéFI or Défi, was adopted in 2016 and is a backronym of Démocrate, Fédéraliste, Indépendant (lit. 'Democratic, Federalist, Independent') meaning "challenge" in French.

Liberal Reformist Party (Belgium)
The Liberal Reformist Party (French: Parti Réformateur Libéral, pronounced [paʁti ʁefɔʁmatœʁ libeʁal], PRL) was a liberal political party active in Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium. The PRL grew out of the Francophone part of the unitary liberal Party for Freedom and Progress (PVV-PLP) in 1971 and merged into the Reformist Movement (RM) in 2002.
Mir Jumla III
Ubaidullah Shariyatullah Khan (c. 1671–1734), commonly known as Mir Jumla III, was a noble who served at the court of the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. He was the leader of the anti-Sayyid brothers faction of the Mughal court and exerted great influence over the Mughal emperor.

Farrukhsiyar
Farrukhsiyar (Persian: فرخ‌سیار, Persian pronunciation: [faɾ.ˈɾux saj.ˈjɑːɾ]; 20 August 1683 – 9 April 1719), also spelled as Farrukh Siyar, was the tenth Mughal Emperor from 1713 to 1719. He rose to the throne after deposing his uncle Jahandar Shah. He was an emperor only in name, with all effective power in the hands of the two courtiers, Sayyid brothers.
Nias
Nias (/ˈniːəs/
NEE-əss; Indonesian: Pulau Nias [puˈlau ˈnias], Nias: Tanö Niha [ˈtanə ˈniha]) is an island located off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Nias is also the name of the archipelago (Kepulauan Nias) of which the island is the centre, but also includes the Batu Islands to the southeast and the small Hinako Islands to the west.

Nias language
The Nias language is an Austronesian language spoken on Nias Island and the Batu Islands off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is known as Li Niha by its native speakers. It belongs to the Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands subgroup which also includes Mentawai and the Batak languages. It had about 770,000 speakers in 2000. There are three main dialects: northern, central and southern. It is an open-syllable language, which means there are no syllable-final consonants.
Mikhail Tikhonov
Mikhail Fyodorovich Tikhonov (Russian: Михаил Фёдорович Тихонов; 11 November 1900 – 11 February 1971) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Tikhonov fought in the Russian Civil War and the Winter War. He commanded the 39th Guards Rifle Corps during the Vienna Offensive. After the end of World War II, Tikhonov continued his career in the Soviet Armed Forces and was the chief Soviet advisor to the Hungarian People's Army during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

39th Guards Airborne Corps
The 39th Guards Airborne Corps was a Red Army airborne corps. First formed in August 1944, it was converted to infantry in January 1945 and fought during World War II in the Vienna Offensive and the Prague Offensive. Postwar, it was converted back into an airborne unit and served in Ukraine before its disbandment in 1955.
Volume Up (radio show)
Volume Up (Korean: 볼륨을 높여요; RR: Bolryum-eul Nopyeoyo) is a South Korean radio show currently hosted by Hyojung on KBS Cool FM in Seoul and UKBS MUSIC DMB in the provinces, airing every day at 20:00–22:00 (KST). Known as the ruler of the dinner time the show became the highest-rated radio program in its time slot across both AM and FM bandwidths in Seoul. KBS 2FM was South Korea's No. 10 station. Popular for soft music playlist, a short soap opera segment called Lie to Me based on the 2011 TV drama of the same title and Yoo's "My Final Message".

KBS Cool FM
KBS Cool FM (Korean: KBS 쿨FM), also known as KBS 2FM (KBS 제2FM방송), is a 24-hour Hot AC music and entertainment radio station of the Korean Broadcasting System. It plays mostly older K-pop Music from the 90s compared to KBS Happy FM which plays the latest K-pop tracks. Notable shows include Gayo Plaza, Volume Up and Kiss the Radio.
Ōmiya Hachimangū (Tokyo)
Ōmiya Hachiman Shrine (大宮八幡宮, Ōmiya Hachimangū) is a Shinto shrine located in Suginami, Tokyo, Japan. It is a Hachiman shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It was established in 1063. Its main festival is held annually on September 15. Kami enshrined here include Emperor Ōjin, Empress Jingū and Emperor Chūai in addition to Hachiman.

Hachiman shrine
A Hachiman shrine (八幡神社, Hachiman Jinja, also Hachimangū (八幡宮)) is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It is the second most numerous type of Shinto shrine after those dedicated to Inari Ōkami (see Inari shrine). There are about 44,000 Hachiman shrines.

Originally the name 八幡 was read Yawata or Yahata, a reading still used in some cases. Many towns and cities incorporating the names Hachiman, Yawata or Yahata grew around these shrines.
Chihhang Air Base
Chihhang Air Base, also known as Taitung Air Force Base, is a military airport operated by the Republic of China Air Force in Taitung County, Taiwan. It is best known for its extensive underground hangars.

Underground hangar
An underground hangar is a type of hangar for military aircraft, usually dug into the side of a mountain for protection. It is bigger and more protected than a hardened aircraft shelter (HAS).

An underground hangar complex may include tunnels containing the normal elements of a military air base—fuel storage, weapon storage, rooms for maintaining the aircraft systems, a communications centre, briefing rooms, kitchen, dining rooms, sleeping areas and generators for electrical power.

Countries that have used underground hangars include Albania, China, Italy, North Korea, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Yugoslavia, Iran, Vietnam, South Africa and Pakistan.
Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean
At the time of first contact between Europe and the Americas, the Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean included the Taíno of the northern Lesser Antilles, most of the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas; the Kalinago of the Lesser Antilles; the Ciguayo and Macorix of parts of Hispaniola; and the Guanahatabey of western Cuba. The Kalinago have maintained an identity as an Indigenous people, with a reserved territory in Dominica.

Macorix language
Macorix (also spelled Maçorís or Mazorij) was the language of the northern coast of the island of Hispaniola, in present day Dominican Republic. Spanish accounts only refer to three languages on the island: Taíno, Macorix, and neighboring Ciguayo. The Macorix people appear to have been semi-sedentary and their presence seems to have predated the agricultural Taíno who came to occupy much of the island.  For the early European writers, they shared similarities with the nearby Ciguayos. Their language appears to have been moribund at the time of the Spanish Conquest, and within a century it was extinct.
Christ Apostolic Church International
Christ Apostolic Church International is a Pentecostal Evangelical church which traces its existence from the ministry of the late Apostle Peter Anim, the originator of Ghanaian Pentecostalism. It had a humble beginning as a prayer group started in 1917 at Asamankese, but later received affiliation with Apostolic Church Bradford.

Peter Anim Newman
Apostle Peter  Kwaku Mensah Newman Anim (also known as Kwaku Manasseh) was born on  February 4, 1890, to Simon Appiagyei and Hannah Lartebea of Boso in the Volta Region of Ghana. He is credited as the originator of Classical Pentecostalism in Ghana. His intense interest in a magazine called The Sword of the Spirit, published through correspondence, with its editor, Pastor A. Clark, founder of the Faith Tabernacle Church, Philadelphia led him into receiving healing from a chronic stomach disorder and guinea worm infestation miraculously through prayer, a new experience from his Presbyterian upbringing. He therefore embraced the teachings of divine healing, having tested their efficacy by obtaining healing himself, he sought to inculcate this in a prayer group he formed in Asamankese. This group eventually, would become the pioneers of Ghana Classical Pentecostalism.
Airport Link Line (Shanghai Suburban Railway)
The Airport Link Line is a commuter rail line of the Shanghai Suburban Railway, running from Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 in Minhang District to Shanghai East railway station in Pudong. The 68.6-kilometer (42.6 mi) express line shortens the travel time between the airports of Hongqiao and Pudong from 90 minutes (by Metro Line 2) to under 40 minutes. Construction started in June 2019. The Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 to Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 section of the line started operations on 27 December 2024.

Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 station
Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 is a railway, metro and maglev station located within Shanghai Pudong International Airport in Shanghai. It serves as both the eastern terminus of both the Shanghai maglev train, having opened to trial operations on 31 December 2002, and, since an eastern extension from Guanglan Road opened on 8 April 2010, the eastern terminus of Line 2 of the Shanghai Metro. Although the metro and maglev stations are in the same property, they have distinct fare-paid zones, as their fare systems are separate.

The currently under construction Airport Link line will include this station as an intermediate stop. To match the station of Airport link line, the station was renamed on 21 September 2024.
Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham
Field Marshal Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, PC (24 October 1675 – 14 September 1749) was a British army officer and Whig politician. After serving as a junior officer under William III during the Williamite War in Ireland and during the Nine Years' War, he fought under John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough during the War of the Spanish Succession. During the War of the Quadruple Alliance Temple led a force of 4,000 troops on a raid on the Spanish coastline which captured Vigo and Pontevedra for ten days. In Parliament he generally supported the Whigs but fell out with Sir Robert Walpole in 1733. He was known for his ownership of and modifications to the estate at Stowe House and for serving as a political mentor to the young William Pitt.

Capture of Vigo and Pontevedra
The capture of Vigo and Pontevedra (also known as the British expedition to Vigo and Pontevedra) occurred in October 1719 during the War of the Quadruple Alliance when a British expedition made a descent on the Spanish coast. They then captured the settlements of Vigo, Redondela and Pontevedra after some resistance, which they occupied for ten days destroying or capturing a vast haul of military stores before withdrawing.
Paul E. Vallely
Paul E. Vallely (born November 29, 1939) is a retired United States Army major general and former senior military analyst for Fox News.

Vallely served in the Vietnam War and retired in 1991 as deputy commanding general, United States Army Pacific. In 1980, Vallely co-authored the book Mind War with Michael Aquino. In 2004, together with retired Air Force lieutenant general Thomas McInerney, he co-authored the book Endgame: The Blueprint for Victory in the War on Terror, published by Regnery Publishing, which borrows, philosophically from Mind War.

He has served as military committee chairman for the Center for Security Policy, and runs the conservative political organization Stand Up America US. Vallely was part of the leadership of Charlie Kirk's Turning Point USA, seated on the advisory board.

Michael A. Aquino
Michael A. Aquino Jr. (October 16, 1946 – September 1, 2019) was an American political scientist, military officer and Satanist. He was the founder and high priest of the Temple of Set. Aquino was also a specialist in psychological warfare for military intelligence and an officer in the U.S. Army.
Agobard
Agobard of Lyon (c. 769 – 840) was a Spanish-born priest and archbishop of Lyon, during the Carolingian Renaissance. The author of multiple treatises, ranging in subject matter from the iconoclast controversy to Spanish Adoptionism to critiques of the Carolingian royal family, Agobard is best known for his critiques of Jewish religious practices and political power in the Frankish-Carolingian realm. He was succeeded by Amulo of Lyons.

Spanish Adoptionism
Spanish Adoptionism (or Adoptianism) was a Christian theological position which was articulated in Umayyad and Christian-held regions of the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th and 9th centuries. The issue seems to have begun with the claim of archbishop Elipandus of Toledo that – in respect to his human nature – Jesus Christ was adoptive Son of God. Another leading advocate of this Christology was Felix of Urgell. In Spain, Adoptionism was opposed by Beatus of Liebana, and in the Carolingian territories, the Adoptionist position was condemned by Pope Hadrian I, Alcuin of York, Agobard, and officially in Carolingian territory by the Council of Frankfurt (794).
Langenthal-Jura Railway
The Langenthal-Jura Railway (German: Langenthal-Jura-Bahn, LJB) was a former railway company in Switzerland. It merged in 1958 with the Langenthal–Melchnau-Bahn (lit. 'Langenthal-Melchnau Railway', LMB) to form Oberaargau-Jura Railways (German: Oberaargau-Jura-Bahnen, OJB), which then operated the then still 11 km-long, metre-gauge LJB line from Langenthal to Niederbipp. After further mergers, the Langenthal–Oensingen railway line has been part of the Aare Seeland mobil (ASm) since 1999.

Oberaargau-Jura Railways
The Oberaargau-Jura Railways (German: Oberaargau-Jura-Bahnen, OJB) was a former railway company in Switzerland. It was created in 1958 from the merger of the Langenthal-Jura Railway (Langenthal-Jura-Bahn; LJB) with the Langenthal–Melchnau-Bahn (lit. 'Langenthal-Melchnau Railway'; LMB). The name refers to the Oberaargau (Upper Aargau) and the Swiss Jura. The OJB changed its name to Regionalverkehr Oberaargau ("Oberaargau Regional Transport"; RVO) on 2 July 1990.

In 1999, it merged with the Biel–Täuffelen–Ins railway (Biel-Täuffelen-Ins-Bahn; BTI), the Solothurn-Niederbipp Railway (Solothurn-Niederbipp-Bahn; SNB) and the Oberaargauische Automobilkurse (OAK) to form Aare Seeland mobil (ASm), which now operates the 22 km-long, metre-gauge line from Langenthal to Niederbipp and Melchnau respectively.
Long hair
Long hair is a hairstyle where the head hair is allowed to grow to a considerable length. Exactly what constitutes "long hair" can change from culture to culture, or even within cultures. For example, a woman with shoulder-length hair in some cultures may be said to have short hair to medium hair, while a man would be said to have long hair.

Long lustrous female hair is generally rated attractive by both men and women across cultures. The prevalence of trichophilia (hair partialism or fetishism) is 7% in the population, and very long hair is a common subject of devotion in this group.

Short hair
Short hair refers to any haircut with little length. It may vary from above the ears to below the chin. If a man's hair reaches the chin, it may not be considered short. For a woman, however, short varies from close-cropped to just above the shoulders. This varies from culture to culture, in more traditional societies in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Islamic world, short hair on women means anything shorter than chest length with chest length to elbow length being considered medium-length. However, among more progressive societies with far less structured gender norms, the classic bob is considered medium-length with "short hair" referring to pixie cuts and similar hairstyles. Different styles of short hair include the bob cut, the crop and the pixie cut.
HMS Prize
HMS Prize  was a schooner converted to a Q ship during the First World War and commanded by Lieutenant William Sanders of the Royal Naval Reserve.

Originally a German vessel called Else, she was captured by the Royal Navy in the first days of the First World War. In April 1917 she was commissioned into the Royal Navy as a Q ship with the name HMS First Prize, later to be shortened to HMS Prize. During her first patrol, Prize was involved in an engagement with a U-boat, U-93 for which Sanders received the Victoria Cross while the rest of the crew were also awarded various medals. Prize was destroyed by a torpedo on 13 August 1917, with all crew lost.

Q-ship
Q-ships, also known as Q-boats, decoy vessels, special service ships, or mystery ships, were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

They were used by the British Royal Navy and the German Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War and by the Royal Navy, the Kriegsmarine, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the United States Navy during the Second World War. The German term is "Handelsstörer.

Though legally recognised as an acceptable tactic of military deception, they have attracted much controversy, enjoying only marginal success.
Anonymous veto network
In cryptography, the anonymous veto network (or AV-net) is a multi-party secure computation protocol to compute the boolean-OR function. It was first proposed by Feng Hao and Piotr Zieliński in 2006. This protocol presents an efficient solution to the Dining cryptographers problem.

A related protocol that securely computes a boolean-count function is open vote network (or OV-net).

Dining cryptographers problem
In cryptography, the dining cryptographers problem studies how to perform a secure multi-party computation of the boolean-XOR function. David Chaum first proposed this problem in the early 1980s and used it as an illustrative example to show that it was possible to send anonymous messages with unconditional sender and recipient untraceability. Anonymous communication networks based on this problem are often referred to as DC-nets (where DC stands for "dining cryptographers").

Despite the word dining, the dining cryptographers problem is unrelated to the dining philosophers problem.
Kirkpatrick Sale
Kirkpatrick Sale (born June 27, 1937) is an American author who has written prolifically about political decentralism, environmentalism, luddism and technology. He has been described as having a "philosophy unified by decentralism" and as being "a leader of the neo-Luddites," an "anti-globalization leftist," and "the theoretician for a new secessionist movement."

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.