hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.

Greater Tokyo Area
The Greater Tokyo Area is the third most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kantō region of Japan (including Tokyo Metropolis and the prefectures of Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Tochigi) as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi of the neighboring Chūbu region. In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, one of the most common being Capital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken).

As of 2026, the United Nations estimates the total population at 36,954,512. It is the second-largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 8,547 square kilometres (3,300 sq mi), behind only the New York City metropolitan area at 4,495 square miles (11,640 km2). With around US$1.8 trillion in GDP, Tokyo remains the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world, also behind New York.
Cláudia Gadelha
Ana Cláudia Dantas Gadelha (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈklawdʒɐ ɡaˈdeʎɐ]; born December 7, 1988) is a Brazilian former professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Women's Strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Since 2022, Gadelha has worked for the UFC on fighter development in her native Brazil. Gadelha was later made a Director of Business Development for the UFC and the UFC BJJ Senior Director of Jiu-Jitsu Strategy & Business Development.

Marina Rodriguez
Marina Alcalde Rodriguez (born April 29, 1987) is a Brazilian former mixed martial artist. She competed in the women's Strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), achieving a 7–6–2 record with the promotion.
Ereyanga
Ereyanga (r. 1098–1102 CE) was the son of Vinayaditya and distinguished himself as a Chalukya feudatory during their campaigns against Dhara of Malwa. Though he remained the Yuvaraja or crown prince for several decades, his rule as a monarch of Hoysala Empire was short. He was a Jain by faith and took the title 'Vira Ganga'.

Vinayaditya (Hoysala dynasty)
Vinayaditya (r. 1047 – 1098 CE) was an able Jain king of the Hoysala Empire, who distinguished himself as an able feudatory of the Kalyani Chalukyas during his long reign. He helped bring many small Malnad chiefs like the Kongalvas, Chengalvas, Santharas of Humcha Shimoga and the Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu) under control. After the complete disappearance of the Gangas during Chola occupation of Gangavadi, Vinayaditya brought some small portions of Gangavadi under his control. He was either a brother-in-law or father-in-law of Chalukya Someshvara I.

Vinayaditya conquered and ruled over South Kanara and Mysore. He was a great builder of cities and towns. He was succeeded by his grandson Veera Ballala I as Vinayaditya's son Ereyanga had predeceased him.
Korean People's Army Air Force
The Korean People's Army Air Force (KPAF; Korean: 조선인민군 공군, romanized: Chosŏn-inmin'gun konggun; Hanja: 朝鮮人民軍 空軍) is the unified military aviation force of North Korea. It is the second largest branch of the Korean People's Army comprising an estimated 110,000 members. As of 2024, it is estimated to possess some 570 combat aircraft, 200 helicopters, and a few transporters, mostly of decades-old Soviet and Chinese origin. Its primary task is to defend North Korean airspace.
In April 2022, the Korean People's Army Air and Anti-Air Force name was changed to Korean People's Army Air Force.

Korean People's Army
The Korean People's Army (KPA; Korean: 조선인민군; MR: Chosŏn inmin'gun) encompasses the combined military forces of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). The KPA consists of five branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air Force, the Strategic Force, and the Special Operations Forces. It is commanded by the WPK Central Military Commission, which is chaired by the WPK general secretary, and the president of the State Affairs; both posts are currently headed by Kim Jong Un.

The KPA considers its primary adversaries to be the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and United States Forces Korea, across the Korean Demilitarized Zone, as it has since the Armistice Agreement of July 1953. As of 2021 it is the second largest military organisation in the world, with 29.9% of the North Korean population actively serving, in reserve or in a paramilitary capacity.
Arthur Pougin
Arthur Pougin (French: [puʒɛ̃] 6 August 1834 – 8 August 1921) was a French musical and dramatic critic and writer. He was born at Châteauroux (Indre) and studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris under Jean-Delphin Alard (violin) and Napoléon Henri Reber (harmony). In 1855 he became conductor at the Théâtre Beaumarchais, and afterward leader at Philippe Musard's concerts, subconductor at the Folies-Nouvelles, and from 1860 to 1863 he was first violin at the Opéra-Comique. He was in turn feuilleton writer to Le Soir, La Tribune, L'Événement and Le Journal Officiel, besides being a frequent contributor to all the important French musical periodicals. His work in connection with François-Joseph Fétis's Biographie universelle, for which he prepared a supplement (two volumes, 1878–80), has, however, been found to be lacking in thoroughness. He edited the new edition of Clément and Larousse's Dictionnaire lyrique.

Pougin died in Paris at age 87.

François-Joseph Fétis
François-Joseph Fétis (French: [fetis]; 25 March 1784 – 26 March 1871) was a Belgian musicologist, critic, teacher and composer. He was among the most influential music intellectuals in continental Europe. His enormous compilation of biographical data in the Biographie universelle des musiciens remains an important source of information today.
Seebataillon
Seebataillon (plural Seebataillone), literally "sea battalion", is a German term for certain troops of naval infantry or marines. It was used by the Prussian Navy, the North German Federal Navy, the Imperial German Navy, the Austro-Hungarian Navy, the Kriegsmarine, and briefly in the Bundesmarine. In 2014, also the modern German Navy established a naval force protection unit called Seebataillon.

German Navy
The German Navy (German: Deutsche Marine, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə maˈʁiːnə] ⓘ) is part of the unified Bundeswehr (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces. The German Navy was originally known as the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy) from 1956 to 1995, when Deutsche Marine (German Navy) became the official name with respect to the 1990 incorporation of the East German Volksmarine (People's Navy). It is deeply integrated into the NATO alliance. Its primary mission is protection of Germany's territorial waters and maritime infrastructure as well as sea lines of communication. Apart from this, the German Navy participates in peacekeeping operations, and renders humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. It also participates in anti-piracy operations.
Udmurt Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The First Secretary of the Udmurt regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Votyak AO (1920–1932), Udmurt AO (1932–1934) and the Udmurt ASSR (1934–1991) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created in February, 1920, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
The Udmurt Autonomous Oblast (Russian: Удмуртская автономная область Udmurtskaja avtonomnaja oblast′; Udmurt: Удмурт автономи улос Udmurt avtonomi ulos) was formed on 4 November 1920 as the Votyak Autonomous Oblast (Russian: Вотская автономная область Votskaja avtonomnaja oblast′; Udmurt: Вотяк автономи улос Votjak avtonomi ulos), "Votyak" being an obsolete name for the Udmurt people.  It was renamed Udmurt Autonomous Oblast on 1 January 1932 and was reorganized into the Udmurt ASSR on 28 December 1934.  This became the Udmurt Republic on 20 September  1990.
Gerak Khas (TV series)
Gerak Khas (transl. Special Forces) is a Malaysian police procedural television drama series broadcast on TV1, TV2 and TV3. The series follows the crime-fighting efforts of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP), led by SAC Datuk Helmi (Yusof Haslam), from murders to terrorism and many other crimes committed in Malaysia. Gerak Khas ran from April 5, 1999 until March 27, 2021, spanning 20 seasons and 1054 episodes, making it the longest-running primetime drama series on Malaysian television.

Yusof Haslam
Yang Berbahagia Datuk Md. Yusof bin Md. Haslam Khan (born 24 April 1954) is a Malaysian actor, film director and producer. He is best known for his longest-running police procedural drama series Gerak Khas, a TV series that he created, directed and produced, that then led to the production of three feature films. The immense popularity of his films had led him to be nicknamed the "Six Million Dollar Man".

His legacy in entertainment showbiz is now carried by his two sons, Syamsul and Syafiq. Yusof also has his own television and film production company, Skop Productions, where he served as the managing director.
St. George Island (Florida)
St. George Island is an island and Census-designated place (CDP) off the Florida Panhandle in the northern Gulf of Mexico. It is in Franklin County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 990.

St. George Island State Park
St. George Island State Park (also known as the Dr. Julian G. Bruce St. George Island State Park) is a Florida State Park located on the east end of St. George Island, approximately 10 miles southeast of Eastpoint, in northwestern Florida.
Khanhoo
Khanhoo or kanhu is a non-partnership Chinese card game of the draw-and-discard structure. It was first recorded during the late Ming dynasty as a multi-trick taking game, a type of game that may be as old as Tien gow (Tianjiu "Heaven and Nines"), revised in its rules and published in an authorized edition by Emperor Gaozong of Song in 1130 AD for the information of his subjects. Meaning "watch the pot", it is very possibly the ancestor of all rummy games.

Adapted to the western taste by Sir William Henry Wilkinson, British sinologist and Consul-General in China and Korea from 1880 to 1918, it belongs to the same family as Mahjong. Another related game is Kuwaho or Cuajo from the Philippines. Variants of the Qing version of the game are still played in China and Vietnam such as Tổ tôm.

Rummy
Rummy is a group of  games related by the feature of matching cards of the same rank or sequence and same suit. The basic goal in any form of rummy is to build melds which can be either sets (three or four of a kind of the same rank) or runs (three or more sequential cards of the same suit) and either be first to go out or to amass more points than the opposition.
Lębork railway station
Lębork railway station is a railway station serving the town of Lębork, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1870 and is located on the Gdańsk–Stargard railway. The train services are operated by PKP, Przewozy Regionalne and SKM Tricity.

The town and the station used to be known as Lauenburg (Pommern) until 1945.

Lębork
Lębork (Polish pronunciation: [ˈlɛmbɔrk] ⓘ; Kashubian: Lãbòrg; German: Lauenburg in Pommern) is a town on the Łeba and Okalica rivers in the Gdańsk Pomerania region in northern Poland. It is the capital of Lębork County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Its population is 33,865.
Steffen Lauritzen
Steffen Lilholt Lauritzen FRS (born 22 April 1947) is former Head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford and Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, and currently Emeritus Professor of Statistics at the University of Copenhagen. He is a leading proponent of mathematical statistics and graphical models.

Philip Dawid
Alexander Philip Dawid FRS (pronounced 'David'; born 1 February 1946) is Emeritus Professor of Statistics of the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge. He is a leading proponent of Bayesian statistics.
Coquelin Run
Coquelin Run is a tributary of Rock Creek in Montgomery County, Maryland. It rises in the Town of Chevy Chase, runs for about two miles while draining an area of 1,095 acres (1.71 square miles), and debouches in Rock Creek in unincorporated Chevy Chase.

While the stream valley remains largely wooded, it has long been affected by nearby urban and suburban development, and its course has been followed for more than a century by railroads and rail trails. From the 1890s to the 1930s, the stream was dammed to power electric streetcars and to create Chevy Chase Lake, an artificial lake that was the centerpiece of a popular trolley park. In the 1920s, a second dam was installed to create a pond on a golf course.

Chevy Chase (town), Maryland
Chevy Chase (/ˈtʃɛviː tʃeɪs/)—formally, the Town of Chevy Chase—is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,904 at the 2020 census.

The town is part of a larger community, colloquially referred to as Chevy Chase, that includes several adjoining settlements in Montgomery County and one neighborhood of Washington.
Spring Hill Nurseries
Spring Hill Nurseries is a mail-order garden center based in Tipp City, Ohio. Founded in 1849, Spring Hill Nurseries is one of the oldest gardening companies in the United States. The company specializes in garden plants, garden designs, perennials, shrubs, ground covers and gardening supplies. Spring Hill Nursery distributes catalogs nationwide and maintains a substantial presence online. One of the largest companies in the gardening industry, Spring Hill Nurseries’ headquarters features many acres of greenhouses and trial gardens.

Tipp City, Ohio
Tipp City is a city in southern Miami County, Ohio, United States. The population was 10,274 at the 2020 census. Founded in 1840 as Tippecanoe City, it was renamed in 1938 because another town in Ohio was likewise named Tippecanoe. The city lies in the Miami Valley 15 miles (24 km) north of Dayton and sits along Interstate 75 near the Interstate 70 interchange. Tipp City is part of the Dayton metropolitan area.
Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

Nikolaas Tinbergen
Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen FRS (/ˈtɪnbɜːrɡən/ TIN-bur-gən, Dutch: [ˈnikoː(laːs) ˈtɪmbɛrɣə(n)]; 15 April 1907 – 21 December 1988) was a Dutch biologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning the organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology, the study of animal behavior.

In 1951, he published The Study of Instinct, an influential book on animal behaviour.
In the 1960s, he collaborated with filmmaker Hugh Falkus on a series of wildlife films, including The Riddle of the Rook (1972) and Signals for Survival (1969), which won the Italia prize in that year and the American blue ribbon in 1971.
Gatekeeper state
The concept of a gatekeeper state was popularized by Historian Frederick Cooper in his book Africa Since 1940: The Past of the Present. It is used to describe African nations whose main function is balancing the instability of internal political control against the influence of external factors.

Frederick Cooper (historian)
Frederick Cooper (born October 27, 1947, in New York City) is an American historian who specializes in colonialization, decolonialization, and African history. He is Professor Emeritus of History at New York University.
Elizabeth Burgos
Elisabeth Burgos-Debray (born in 1941) is a Venezuelan anthropologist, former wife of the French philosopher Régis Debray, as well as the editor of Rigoberta Menchú's controversial autobiography I, Rigoberta Menchú. She was director of the Maison de l'Amerique Latine in Paris and of the Institut Cultural Français in Seville.

Rigoberta Menchú
Rigoberta Menchú Tum (Spanish: [riɣoˈβeɾta menˈtʃu]; born 9 January 1959) is a K'iche' Guatemalan human rights activist, feminist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Menchú has dedicated her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala's Indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996), and to promoting Indigenous rights internationally.

She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992, was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 1996, and received the Prince of Asturias Award in 1998. She is the subject of the testimonial biography I, Rigoberta Menchú (1983), and author of the autobiographical work Crossing Borders (1998). Menchú founded the country's first indigenous political party, Winaq, and ran as its candidate for president of Guatemala in the 2007 and 2011 presidential elections.
Abraham op den Graeff
Abraham Isaacs op den Graeff, also Op den Graff, Opdengraef as well as Op den Gräff (c. 1649 – c. 1731) was one of the so-called Original 13, the first closed group of German emigrants to North America, and an original founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania, as well as a civic leader, member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, award-winning weaver, and as an early abolitionist signer of the first organized religious protest against slavery in colonial America. He, or his brother Derick op den Graeff, are briefly mentioned in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem "The Pennsylvania Pilgrim" simply as "Op Den Graaf".

1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery
The Germantown Petition was a protest by American Quaker settlers in Pennsylvania demanding the abolition of slavery, the first formal petition of its kind. It was authored by Francis Daniel Pastorius, the founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania, with support from several of the Original 13 settlers of Pennsylvania including Derick op den Graeff and Abraham op den Graeff, who signed it on behalf of the Germantown Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends. A highly controversial document, Friends forwarded it up the hierarchical chain of their administrative structure—monthly, quarterly, and yearly meetings—without either approving or rejecting it. The petition effectively disappeared for 150 years into the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting's archives, but was republished in 1844 in support of abolitionism after its rediscovery by the Philadelphia antiquarian Nathan Kite.
Günther Niethammer
Günther Theodor Niethammer (28 September 1908 Waldheim – 14 January 1974, Kottenforst) was a German ornithologist who served during the Second World War with the Nazi Waffen-SS at various places including the Auschwitz concentration camp where he conducted studies on birds. He was the author of a three-volume work on the birds of Germany, Handbuch der Deutschen Vogelkunde.

Hans Kummerlöwe
Richard Arthur Hans Kummerlöwe (5 September 1903 in Leipzig – 11 August 1995 in Münich), with the spelling changed to Kumerloeve from 1948 was a German ornithologist who served as an SS Officer during the Second World War. He initially worked as a zoological curator at the Dresden Museum but during the Third Reich he held numerous positions including charge of the Vienna museum after the German annexation of Austria in March 1938. He was involved in the "Nazification" of German and Austrian museums, making them tools for explaining theories of race and genetic purity.
Frederik Meijer
Frederik Gerhard Hendrik "Fred" Meijer (December 7, 1919 – November 25, 2011) was an American billionaire businessman who was the chairman of the Meijer hypermarket chain, headquartered near his former hometown in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Meijer
Meijer Inc. (/ˈmaɪ.ər/, MY-ər) is an American regional supercenter chain that primarily operates in the Midwestern United States. Its corporate headquarters are in Walker, Michigan. Founded in 1934 as a supermarket chain, Meijer is credited with pioneering the modern supercenter concept in 1962. About half of the company's 259 stores are located in Michigan; the others are in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The chain is ranked by Forbes as the 14th-largest private company in the United States, and is the country's 23rd-largest retailer by revenue as of 2025.
Nick Plott
Nicolas Plott (born August 11, 1984), known by his alias Tasteless, is an American esports commentator. He moved to Seoul, Korea in 2007 to give commentary to esports competitions. He has provided commentary for multiple Starcraft and Starcraft 2 tournaments. Together with Dan "Artosis" Stemkoski, he has provided commentary for Global StarCraft II League, and currently provides commentary for SOOP StarLeague games.

Sean Plott
Sean Saintmichael Plott (born June 27, 1986), better known as Day[9], is an American esports commentator, player, event host, streamer and game designer. Plott is best known for his contributions in the professional StarCraft scene, where he regularly appeared first as a player and later as a commentator and host at various tournaments for the game for many years. He has also played other competitive games such as Magic: The Gathering, Hearthstone, and Dota 2. For the latter, Plott co-hosted The International 2017, the game's premier tournament.
Divide the Sea
Divide the Sea is an American Christian hardcore and Christian metal band, where they primarily play a hardcore punk and metalcore styles of music. They come from Greenville, South Carolina. The band started making music in 2006. The band released, a studio album, Man, in 2010, with Blood and Ink Records.

Blood and Ink Records
Blood & Ink Records is an American independent record label that specializes in Christian punk and Christian hardcore music. The label was founded in Richmond, Virginia, in the spring of 2002. The label has worked with such bands as Soul Embraced, as well as helping launch careers for Blessed by a Broken Heart, Burden of a Day and With Blood Comes Cleansing.

In July 2010, they re-released Strongarm's 1995 album, Atonement, the first time on vinyl.
Satyr Book Shop
Satyr Book Shop was an independent bookstore located at 1622 Vine Street, next to the Hollywood Brown Derby, in Hollywood, California. It was notable for its location and its association with Stanley Rose.

Stanley Rose
Stanley Rose (December 5, 1899 – October 17, 1954) was an American bookseller, literary agent, and raconteur, whose eponymous Hollywood bookshop, located (from 1935 until its closure in 1939) adjacent to the famous Musso & Frank Grill restaurant, was a gathering place for writers working or living in and around Hollywood.  Rose's most notable literary associates were William Saroyan, to whom he was variously a friend, a drinking and hunting companion, and a literary representative; and Nathanael West, whose 1939 novel The Day of the Locust owed much of its “local color” to its author's acquaintance with Rose.