hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Fossalta
The Battle of Fossalta was a battle of the War of the Guelphs and Ghibellines in Lombardy. It took place in Fossalta, a small location on the Panaro River, and is especially remembered for the capture of Enzio of Sardinia, son of Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Power Ring (character)
Power Ring is the name of several supervillains and one superheroine appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. The characters are alternate-reality counterparts of Green Lanterns Hal Jordan, Kyle Rayner, John Stewart, and Jessica Cruz. Originally portrayed as residing on Earth-Three, which was subsequently destroyed during the 12-issue Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series, the Power Rings, along with the other Crime Syndicate of America members, were later reimagined as being from an Anti-Matter Universe.

The first Power Ring debuted in Justice League of America #29 (August 1964).

Crime Syndicate of America
The Crime Syndicate or Crime Syndicate of America (CSA, with America sometimes spelled Amerika) is a team of supervillains featured in DC Comics. The team is composed of evil parallel-universe counterparts of the Justice League, first appearing in Justice League of America #29 in August 1964 with members Ultraman, Owlman, Superwoman, Johnny Quick, and Power Ring, counterparts to Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Flash, and Green Lantern respectively.

The Crime Syndicate has undergone several revisions in its publication history. Its members were originally portrayed as being from Earth-3, then an antimatter Earth in the JLA: Earth 2 graphic novel. Following The New 52 reboot, the team reverted back to an Earth-3 origin, where they appear in Justice League Volume 2 as the main focus of the crossover storyline Forever Evil. An analogous team, the Crime Society, a villainous version of the Justice Society, appeared in 52, later featuring in Countdown to Final Crisis.
Canary Islands Independence Movement
The Movement for the Self-Determination and Independence of the Canary Archipelago (Spanish: Movimiento por la Autodeterminación e Independencia del Archipiélago Canario, MPAIAC), was a Canarian nationalist and socialist organization, founded in 1964 by Antonio Cubillo, whose objective was the secession of the Canary Islands from Spain. During the 1970s, it operated through two terrorist groups: the Guanche Armed Forces (FAG) and the Destacamentos Armados Canarios (DAC) ('Canarian Armed Detachments').

It maintained good relations with other terrorist groups, mainly the First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups (GRAPO), who provided it with weapons and explosives, and with Arab socialist governments, such as Libya and Algeria, which provided financing. MPAIAC radio programs, named "The voice of the Free Canaries", also encouraged Canary Islanders to "return to their roots" and popularize the Berber languages.

Fuerzas Armadas Guanches
The Guanche Armed Forces (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas Guanches (FAG)) was the armed wing of the Movement for the Self-Determination and Independence of the Canarian Archipelago, Spanish: Movimiento por la Autodeterminación e Independencia del Archipiélago Canario (MPAIAC). It was active between 1 November 1976 and late 1978, when the group unilaterally announced a "ceasefire" in what it considered to be "struggle against Spanish colonial occupation" of the Canary Islands.

As the regime of Generalísimo Francisco Franco was collapsing, the Guanche Armed Forces planted dynamite bombs (which they obtained primarily from road construction sites) demanding the independence of the Canary Islands.

Upon reorganisation of the Fuerzas Armadas Guanches, the Destacamentos Armados Canarios emerged.
Cathedral school
Cathedral schools began in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education, some of them ultimately evolving into medieval universities. Throughout the Middle Ages and beyond, they were complemented by the monastic schools. Some of these early cathedral schools, and more recent foundations, continued into modern times.

Monastic school
Monastic schools (Latin: Scholae monasticae) were, along with cathedral schools, the most important institutions of higher learning in the Latin West from the early Middle Ages until the 12th century. Since Cassiodorus's educational program, the standard curriculum incorporated religious studies, the Trivium, and the Quadrivium. In some places monastic schools evolved into medieval universities which eventually largely superseded both institutions as centers of higher learning.
Boling-Iago, Texas
Boling-Iago (/ˈboʊlɪŋ aɪˈeɪɡoʊ/ BOH-ling eye-AY-goh) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wharton County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,271 as of the 2000 United States census. Boling-Iago is located along Farm to Market Road 1301 about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Wharton, the county seat. Boling is located at the intersection of FM 1301 and Farm to Market Road 442, while the community of Iago is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the northeast at the intersection of FM 1301 and Farm to Market Road 1096. The Boling Independent School District received a Recognized ranking in 2010. The numerous pump jacks and oil tanks in the vicinity indicate that Boling and Iago lie atop oil-bearing rock formations.

Prior to the 2010 census, this CDP was split to form parts of the new Boling and Iago CDPs.

Iago, Texas
Iago (Pron: Eye-a'-go) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wharton County, Texas, United States. This was a new CDP formed from parts of the Boling-Iago CDP prior to the 2010 census with a population of 161.
Fula alphabets
The Fula language (Fula: Fulfulde, Pulaar, or Pular) is written primarily in the Latin script, but in some areas and contexts is still written in an older Arabic script called the Ajami script or in the recently invented Adlam script.

Ajami script
Ajami (Arabic: عجمي, romanized: ʿajamī) or Ajamiyya (عجمية, ʿajamiyyah), is a variety of Arabic-derived scripts used for writing African languages such as Songhai, Mandé, Fula, Hausa and Swahili, although multiple other languages are also written using the script, including Mooré, Wolof, Kanuri, and Yoruba. They are adaptations of the Arabic script to write sounds not found in Standard Arabic. Rather than adding new letters, modifications usually consist of additional dots or lines added to pre-existing letters.
Cerro Agassiz
Cerro Agassiz is a mountain in the Andes, located on the border between Argentina and Chile, in the Patagonia region. It stands at an elevation of 3,177 meters.

On the Argentine side, the mountain is part of Los Glaciares National Park in Santa Cruz Province. On the Chilean side, it is part of Bernardo O'Higgins National Park in the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region.

In 1898, the expert Francisco Moreno identified the mountain as Agassiz according to a study conducted by glaciologist Cedomir Marangunic, which takes as reference a photo of the mountain in Moreno's book called "Argentine-Chilean Border - Volume II". In some maps, the current Cerro Tomek (2940 meters in Lliboutry's map), or Roma (3270 meters in Lliboutry's map) or Agassiz Sur as Agassiz.

Alberto María de Agostini thought that the mountain was Cerro Bertrand; however, according to Marangunic, the historic Cerro Bertrand is Cerro Oasis/Agassiz Sur.

Cerro Bertrand
Cerro Bertrand, Cerro Oasis or Agassiz Sur is a mountain in the mountain range of the Andes, located in the border between Argentina and Chile, in the region of Patagonia.

According to the study by glaciologist Cedomir Marangunic, the original location of Cerro Bertrand is that of Oasis/Agassiz Sur. Bertrand has been confused with Cerro Agassiz by Alberto María de Agostini and with Cerro Roma in the 1998 agreement.

The mountain is named after the Chilean geographer, Alejandro Bertrand.
Kerosene heater
A kerosene heater, also known as a paraffin heater, is typically a portable, unvented, kerosene-fueled, space (i.e., convectional) heating device. In Japan and other countries, they are a primary source of home heat. In the United States and Australia, they are a supplemental heat or a source of emergency heat during a power outage. Most kerosene heaters produce between 3.3 and 6.8 kilowatts (11,000 and 23,000 BTU/h).

Gas heater
A gas heater is a space heater that utilizes natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, or butane as fuel to generate heat for residential or outdoor areas.

Indoor household gas heaters can be classified according to two principal ventilation systems: flued or non-flued, or vented and unvented.
G. C. Murphy
G.C. Murphy was a chain of five and dime or variety stores in the United States from 1906 to 2002. They also operated Murphy's Mart (full-scale discount stores), Bargain World (closeout merchandise), Terry & Ferris and Bruners (junior department stores), and Cobbs (specialty apparel) stores.

In April 1985, the company was acquired by Ames Department Stores Inc. Ames converted many of the larger "Murphy's Mart" stores and in 1989, sold the variety store division to former competitor McCrory Stores.

McCrory Stores
McCrory Stores or J.G. McCrory's was a chain of five and dime stores in the United States based in York, Pennsylvania.  The stores typically sold shoes, clothing, housewares, fabrics, penny candy, toys, cosmetics, and often included a lunch counter or snack bar.
Niobe (Sophocles play)
Niobe (Ancient Greek: Νιόβη, romanized: Nióbē) is a lost play by Sophocles, an ancient Athenian tragedian of the fifth century BC. It was performed during the City Dionysia, though very few fragments remain of it. The exact year of production cannot be determined, other than it was produced after Aeschylus' own play of the same name. The play was centered around the myth of the arrogant queen Niobe and how her blasphemous boast cost the lives of her children, the Niobids.

Niobe (Aeschylus play)
Niobe (Ancient Greek: Νιόβη, romanized: Niobe) is a lost play by Aeschylus, an Athenian dramatist of the early fifth century BC. The play dealt with the aftermath of Artemis and Apollo's revenge against Niobe, queen of Thebes, who boasted of being superior to Leto. The play, which begins after the action, mostly centered on Niobe's father Tantalus finding out about the tragic events while Niobe sat wordless and immobile next to her children's graves. Very few fragments remain, making the reconstruction of the play's plot difficult.
Araguaia River
The Araguaia River (Portuguese: Rio Araguaia [ˈʁi.u aɾaˈɡwajjɐ], Karajá: ♂ Berohokỹ [beɾohoˈkə̃], ♀ Bèrakuhukỹ [bɛɾakuhuˈkə̃]) is one of the major rivers of Brazil, and a tributary of the Tocantins River.

Tocantins River
The Tocantins River (Portuguese: Rio Tocantins Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi.u tokɐ̃ˈtʃĩs, tu-], Parkatêjê: Pyti [pɨˈti]): 59  is a river in Brazil, the central fluvial artery of the country. In the Tupi language, its name means "toucan's beak" (Tukã for "toucan" and Ti for "beak"). It runs from south to north for about 2,450 km (1,520 mi). While sometimes included in definitions of the Amazon basin, the Tocantins is not a branch of the Amazon River, since its waters flow into the Atlantic Ocean via an eastern channel of the Amazon Delta, alongside those of the Amazon proper. It flows through four Brazilian states (Goiás, Tocantins, Maranhão, and Pará) and gives its name to one of Brazil's newest states, formed in 1988 from what was until then the northern portion of Goiás.

The Tocantins is one of the largest clearwater rivers in South America.
Name of the Father
The name of the father (French nom du père) is a concept that Jacques Lacan developed from his seminar The Psychoses (1955–1956) to cover the role of the father in the Symbolic Order.

Lacan plays with the similar sounds in French of le nom du père (the name of the father), le non du père (the no of the father), and les non-dupes errent (the non-dupes err) to emphasize with the first two phrases the legislative and prohibitive functions of the father and to emphasize with the last phrase that "those who do not let themselves be caught in the symbolic deception/fiction and continue to believe their eyes are the ones who err most".

The Symbolic
In Lacanian psychoanalysis, the Symbolic (or Symbolic Order of the Borromean knot) is the order in the unconscious that gives rise to subjectivity and bridges intersubjectivity between two subjects; an example is Jacques Lacan's idea of desire as the desire of the Other, maintained by the Symbolic's subjectification of the Other into speech. In the later psychoanalytic theory of Lacan, it is linked by the sinthome to the Imaginary and the Real.
Spaldeen
A Spalding Hi-Bounce Ball, often called a Spaldeen or a Pensie Pinkie, is a rubber ball, described as a tennis ball core without the felt. These balls are commonly used in street games developed in the mid-20th century, such as Chinese handball (a variation on American handball), Australian handball, stoop ball, hit-the-penny (involving trying to make a penny flip on a sidewalk), butts up, handball, punchball, boxball, half-rubber, wireball and stickball (variations of baseball).

Punchball
Punchball is a sport spawned by and similar to baseball, but without a pitcher, catcher, or bat.

The "batter" essentially plays "fungo" without a bat, bouncing or tossing up the ball and then using a volleyball type approach to put the ball in play, punching the ball with his fist. The ball was usually a rubber spaldeen or pensie pinkie, but even a tennis ball or wad of taped-up paper can be used. Base stealing, foul balls, and bunting are not allowed.
Engro Corporation
Engro Corporation Limited, formerly Engro Chemicals Pakistan Limited, and commonly known as Engro (Urdu pronunciation: [ɛn.ˈɡɾoː] en-GROW), is a Pakistani conglomerate headquartered in Karachi. It was founded as Esso Fertilizer in 1965 by Esso. Its subsidiaries, including  Engro Energy, Engro Enfrashare, Engro Elengy Terminal, Engro Eximp FZE, Engro Eximp Agriproducts, Engro Fertilizers, Engro Polymer & Chemicals, and Engro Vopak Terminal, operate in energy, petrochemicals, fertilizers, port terminals, and telecommunications towers.

Engro Polymer & Chemicals Limited
Engro Polymer & Chemical Limited (Urdu pronunciation: [ɛn.ˈɡɾoː ˈpɒ.lɪ.mər] en-GROW-POL-ih-mər) is a Pakistani polymer manufacturing company based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a subsidiary of Engro Corporation with a local market share of more than 70%.
Maya the Bee: The Honey Games
Maya the Bee: The Honey Games is a 2018 animated sports comedy film directed by Noel Cleary and Sergio Delfino. Loosely based on characters from the 1975 anime Maya the Honey Bee and the German children's book The Adventures of Maya the Bee by Waldemar Bonsels, the film is a sequel to the 2014 film Maya the Bee and stars the original voice cast reprising their roles from the first film, with newcomers including Rupert Degas.

Released theatrically in Germany on 1 March 2018 and in Australia on 6 July, the film grossed $10.8 million worldwide. A sequel, titled Maya the Bee: The Golden Orb, was released on 7 January 2021.

Maya the Bee: The Golden Orb
Maya the Bee: The Golden Orb (also called Maya the Bee 3: The Golden Orb) is a 2021 animated adventure comedy film directed by Noel Cleary.

Loosely based on characters from the 1975 anime Maya the Honey Bee and the German children's book The Adventures of Maya the Bee by Waldemar Bonsels, the film is a sequel to the 2018 film Maya the Bee: The Honey Games, and stars the original voice cast of Coco Jack Gillies, Benson Jack Anthony, Frances Berry and Christian Charisiou. The Golden Orb was originally scheduled to be released in Australia on 17 June 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the film was pushed back to 7 January 2021.
Magical Girl Friendship Squad: Origins
Magical Girl Friendship Squad: Origins is an American adult animated sitcom on Syfy's late-night programming block, TZGZ, created by Kelsey Stephanides and starring Anna Akana, Brianna Baker, Anika Noni Rose, and Estelle. It follows two directionless young women who must figure out how to save the Universe. It is the pilot series of Magical Girl Friendship Squad, which began airing on TZGZ on September 26, 2020, with six 15-minute episodes in its first season.

Magical Girl Friendship Squad
Magical Girl Friendship Squad is an American adult animated magical girl sitcom created by Kelsey Stephanides and starring Anna Akana and Quinta Brunson. It follows two directionless young women named Alex and Daisy, who must figure out how to save the universe using the superpowers bestowed upon them. The first season of the series, consisting of six 11-minute episodes, premiered on Syfy's late night programming block TZGZ on September 26, 2020.
Twelve Theses (leaflet)
The Twelve Theses were issued in early April 1933 by Press and Propaganda Section of the German Student Union and called for German university students to purge the German language and literature of Jewish influence and to restore those aspects of German culture to their "pure" volkische traditions. The theses were posted on university campuses throughout Germany prior to the May 1933 book burnings.

Nazi book burnings
The Nazi book burnings were a campaign conducted by the German Student Union (German: Deutsche Studentenschaft, DSt) to ceremonially burn books in Nazi Germany and Austria in the 1930s. The books targeted for burning were those viewed as being subversive or as representing ideologies opposed to Nazism. These included books written by Jewish, half-Jewish, communist, socialist, anarchist, liberal, pacifist, and sexologist authors among others. The initial books burned were those of Karl Marx and Karl Kautsky, but came to include other authors, including Albert Einstein, Helen Keller, Magnus Hirschfeld, and effectively any book incompatible with Nazi ideology. In a campaign of cultural genocide, books were also burned en masse by the Nazis in occupied territories, such as in Poland.
Saddle Creek Records
Saddle Creek Records is an American record label based in Omaha, Nebraska and named after Saddle Creek Road, a major street in midtown Omaha. Started as a college class project on entrepreneurship, the label was founded in 1993 by Mike Mogis and Justin Oberst. Mogis soon turned over his role in the company to Robb Nansel. It was initially called Lumberjack Records; Saddle Creek first appeared in print on a show flyer, offering to "Spend an evening with Saddle Creek" (later to be the title of the label's DVD). Distribution is handled by Redeye Distribution. SCR continues to be the flagship label of a style of music called "The Omaha Sound", characterized by a slight country twang. A "sister label" of sorts to Saddle Creek is Team Love, which was begun by Justin Oberst's brother Conor Oberst in 2004.

Team Love Records
Team Love is an independent record label based in New Paltz, New York, and Portland, Maine. The label was founded by Conor Oberst and Nate Krenkel in 2003. It has released albums by several recording artists. Team Love also released the documentary film by Roy Germano, The Other Side of Immigration.  An early distinguishing marketing tactic of Team Love was the free release of complete albums for download in unprotected mp3 format at no cost on their website in addition to traditional record and CD sales. This practice evolved and was eventually dropped as the age of streaming came to dominate the user experience.
In 2024 Team Love launched a new, "sister-label," Oystertones. Oystertones focuses on jazz, classical, experimental and other music including releases by Obelisk Grove, Double Celled Organism, Bill Brovold, pianist Jamie Saft, NAPPS, and Stacey MacLeay.
Russian First League
The Russian First League (Russian: Первая лига, Pervaya liga), formerly called Russian First Division (Russian: Первый дивизион) and Russian Football National League (FNL) (Russian: Первенство Футбольной Национальной Лиги, Pervenstvo Futbol'noy Natsional'noy Ligi) is the second level of the Russian football league system.

The Russian Professional Football League (PFL) used to run the division. Since 2011, it has been managed by the Football National League.

The league consists of 18 clubs. After each season the two top clubs are promoted to the Premier League, and the bottom three clubs are relegated to the Second League. Third and fourth team play in home-and-away promotion play-offs against the 13th and 14th Premier League teams. Should one or more clubs not possess the required licence to participate for the upcoming season, the teams previously relegated are kept in the league instead, in the order of last season's standings.

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.
Joseph Magee
Joseph Thomas Magee (25 March 1870 – 18 May 1924) was an Irish rugby union wing. Magee played club rugby for Bective Rangers and played international rugby for Ireland. He is often mistaken as being a member of the British Isles team that toured South Africa in 1896, a position actually taken by his brother James Magee.

James Magee (sportsman, born 1872)
James Mary Magee (4 September 1872 – 18 January 1949) was an Irish cricketer and rugby union player. Magee was capped in both sports, playing cricket for Ireland and in 1896 he was part of the British Isles team that toured South Africa.
Samsung Galaxy Note (1st generation)
The Samsung Galaxy Note (retrospectively referred to unofficially as the Galaxy Note 1, first Galaxy Note, or original Galaxy Note) is an Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics. It was unveiled at IFA Berlin 2011 and first released in Germany in late October 2011, with other countries following afterwards. The Galaxy Note was distinguished by its unusually large form factor—later referred to using the term "phablet"—which straddled the size of the average smartphone at the time, and that of a small tablet: it features a 5.3-inch display, and is the first to be bundled with a stylus branded as the "S Pen", which can be used to navigate the device's user interface, and write or draw in supported apps, and the first in what would become the former Galaxy Note series. It was succeeded by the Samsung Galaxy Note II in 2012.

Samsung Galaxy Note II
The Samsung Galaxy Note II (unofficially known as the Samsung Galaxy Note 2) is an Android phablet smartphone developed, marketed and manufactured by Samsung Electronics. Unveiled on August 29, 2012 and released in October 2012, the Galaxy Note II is a successor to the original Galaxy Note, incorporating improved stylus functionality, a larger 5.5-inch (140 mm) screen, and an updated hardware and casing design based on that of the Galaxy S III.

The Note II was released to positive critical reception for its improvements over the original Galaxy Note, and sold over 5 million units within only its first two months of availability. Samsung announced a successor to the Galaxy Note II, the Galaxy Note 3, on September 4, 2013.