hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bhima I
Bhima I (r. 1022–1064) was a Chaulukya king who ruled parts of present-day Gujarat, India. The early years of his reign saw an invasion from the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud, who sacked the Somnath temple. Bhima left his capital and took shelter in Kanthkot during this invasion, but after Mahmud's departure, he recovered his power and retained his ancestral territories. He crushed a rebellion by his vassals at Arbuda, and unsuccessfully tried to invade the Naddula Chahamana kingdom. Towards the end of his reign, he formed an alliance with the Kalachuri king Lakshmi-Karna, and played an important role in the downfall of the Paramara king Bhoja.

The earliest of the Dilwara Temples and the Modhera Sun Temple were built during Bhima's reign. The construction of Rani ki vav is attributed to his queen Udayamati.

Dilwara Temples
The Delwada Temples or Delvada Temples  are a group of Śvētāmbara Jain temples located about 2+1⁄2 kilometres from the Mount Abu settlement in Sirohi District, Rajasthan's only hill station. The earliest were built by Vimal Shah, a Jain minister of Solanki king of Gurjaratra, Bhima I and  additions to the temples were made by Vastupala, Jain minister of Vaghelas of Gurjaratra.  They date between the 11th and 16th centuries, forming some of the most famous monuments in the style of Solanki architecture, famous for their use of a very pure white marble and intricate marble carvings. They are managed by Seth Shri Kalyanji Anandji Pedhi, Sirohi and are a pilgrimage place for Jains, and a significant general tourist attraction. The Dilwara temples are regarded as the most impressive among Jain temples in Rajasthan.
Electoral district of Singleton
Singleton was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian colony (and state from 1901) of New South Wales created in 1894, existing from 1894 until 1913. It was named after the town of Singleton and replaced Patrick's Plains.

Electoral district of Patrick's Plains
Patrick's Plains was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in 1859 and named after an old name for the Singleton area. In 1894, it was replaced by Singleton.
Prenton
Prenton is a suburb of Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. Administratively, it is also a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Before local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, it was part of the County Borough of Birkenhead, within the county of Cheshire. Situated in the east of the Wirral Peninsula, the area is contiguous with Oxton to the north, Tranmere and Rock Ferry to the east and Higher Bebington to the south east. The M53 motorway marks the western boundary.

At the 2001 census, the population of Prenton was 14,429. 
The population of the ward increased slightly to 14,488 in the 2011 census.

Oxton, Merseyside
Oxton is a suburb of Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. Administratively it is a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Originally a village in its own right, it became part of the Municipal Borough of Birkenhead upon its creation in 1877. Before local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, it was part of the County Borough of Birkenhead, within the county of Cheshire.
Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

Routes of administration are generally classified by the  location at which the substance is applied.  Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is.  Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but is delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Valdres
Valdres (pronounced [ˈʋɑ̀ɫdrɛs]) is a traditional district in central, southern Norway, situated between the districts of Gudbrandsdalen and Hallingdal. The region of Valdres consists of the six municipalities of Nord-Aurdal, Sør-Aurdal, Øystre Slidre, Vestre Slidre, Vang, and Etnedal. Valdres has about 18,000 inhabitants and is known for its excellent trout fishing and the local dialect. Its main road is E16 and Fylkesveg 51.

Valdres is located approximately midway between Oslo and Bergen . The valley is protected to the west and north by the Jotunheimen mountains and the Valdresflye plateau and to the south by the Golsfjellet mountains in Gol Municipality. The main rivers are Begna and Etna. Historically, Valdres has had an agricultural economy, but tourism has grown in prominence in later years. Beitostølen, a highly developed tourist area for winter tourists and who have hosted FIS Cross-Country World Cup multiple times is located in Valdres.

Hallingmål-Valdris
Hallingmål-Valdris (also known by the individual names Halling, Hallingdøl, or Valdresmål) is a group of Norwegian dialects traditionally spoken in the traditional districts of Hallingdal in Buskerud county and Valdres in Innlandet county.
Carnivoramorpha
Carnivoramorpha ("carnivoran-like forms") is a clade of placental mammals of clade Pan-Carnivora from mirorder Ferae, that includes the modern order Carnivora as well as extinct stem-group relatives that are more closely related to Carnivora proper than to "creodonts".

Ferae
Ferae (/ˈfɪəriː/ FEER-ee, Latin: [ˈfɛrae̯], "wild beasts") is a mirorder of placental mammals in grandorder Ferungulata, that groups together clades Pan-Carnivora (that includes carnivorans and their fossil relatives, such as hyaenodonts) and Pholidotamorpha (pangolins and their fossil relatives).
Serniabat Sadiq Abdullah
Serniabat Sadiq Abdullah is a Bangladeshi politician and businessman. He served as mayor of the Barisal City Corporation from 2018 to 2023. He is a son of Awami League politician Abul Hasanat Abdullah and grandson of Abdur Rab Serniabat.

Abdur Rab Serniabat
Abdur Rob Serniabat (4 April 1921-1975) was a Bangladeshi politician and the former water resources minister. He was the brother-in-law of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, founding father of Bangladesh, and the maternal uncle of Sheikh Hasina, the five-time prime minister of Bangladesh. He was killed during the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 15 August 1975.
M-matrix
In mathematics, especially linear algebra, an M-matrix is a matrix whose off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero (i.e., it is a Z-matrix) and whose eigenvalues have nonnegative real parts. The set of non-singular M-matrices are a subset of the class of P-matrices, and also of the class of inverse-positive matrices (i.e. matrices with inverses belonging to the class of positive matrices). The name M-matrix was seemingly originally chosen by Alexander Ostrowski in reference to Hermann Minkowski, who proved that if a Z-matrix has all of its row sums positive, then the determinant of that matrix is positive.

P-matrix
In mathematics, a P-matrix is a complex square matrix with every principal minor  is positive. A closely related class is that of -matrices, which are the closure of the class of P-matrices, with every principal minor  0.
Own risk and solvency assessment
At the heart of the prudential Solvency II directive, the own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA) is defined as a set of processes constituting a tool for decision-making and strategic analysis. It aims to assess, in a continuous and prospective way, the overall solvency needs related to the specific risk profile of the insurance company.
Risk Management and own risk and solvency assessment is a similar regulation that has been enacted in the US by the NAIC. Other jurisdictions are enacting similar regulations to comply with the Insurance Core Principle 16 enacted by the IAIS.

Solvency II
Solvency II Directive 2009 (2009/138/EC) is a Directive in European Union law that codifies and harmonises the EU insurance regulation. Primarily this concerns the amount of capital that EU insurance companies must hold to reduce the risk of insolvency.

Following an EU Parliament vote on the Omnibus II Directive on 11 March 2014, Solvency II came into effect on 1 January 2016. This date had been previously pushed back many times.
Shlomo Goldman
Shlomo Goldman (April 1, 1947 – July 21, 2017), also known as the Sanz Zviller rebbe, was an American rabbi. He was the Grand Rabbi of the Sanz-Klausenberger community in Union City, New Jersey, where he resided.

Goldman was the son of the previous Zviller Rebbe, Rabbi Mordchai Goldman, and a son-in-law of the late Sanz-Klausenburger Rebbe, Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam. Born in Jerusalem, he was designated to head the new hasidic community that was being established in Union City.

Goldman died on July 21, 2017.

Klausenburg (Hasidic dynasty)
Klausenburg, also known as Sanz-Klausenburg, is a Hasidic dynasty that originated in the Transylvanian city of Cluj-Napoca (German: Klausenburg, Hungarian: Kolozsvár), today in Romania.

At the behest of Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam, Klausenburger Rebbe from 1927 to 1994, the movement was split into two separate movements after his death, headed by his two sons. The Sanz-Klausenburger Hasidim are located in Borough Park, New York City, while the Sanzer Hasidim are based in Kiryat Sanz, Netanya, Israel. There are also followings in Los Angeles, California; Jerusalem; Stamford Hill, London; Antwerp; and Union City, New Jersey, and in the US, in Borough Park, Williamsburg, Monsey, and Lakewood.
Opisthocheiron
Opisthocheiron is a genus of millipedes in the family Opisthocheiridae. These millipedes are found in France and Spain. The French entomologist Henri Ribaut created this genus in 1913 to contain the newly discovered type species Opisthocheiron penicillatum. This genus also includes the cave-dwelling species Opisthocheiron canayerensis, notable as one of only a few species in the order Chordeumatida with only 26 segments in adults (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last), four fewer segments than typically found in adults in this order.

Opisthocheiron canayerensis
Opisthocheiron canayerensis is a species of millipede in the family Opisthocheiridae. This species is found in France, far inside deep caves. This millipede is notable as one of only a few species in the order Chordeumatida with only 26 segments in adults (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last), four fewer segments than typically found in adults this order.
Thecofilosea
Thecofilosea is a class of unicellular testate amoebae belonging to the phylum Cercozoa. They are amoeboflagellates, organisms with flagella and pseudopodia, distinguished from other cercozoa by their scale-lacking test composed of organic material. They are closely related to the Imbricatea, a group of testate amoebae with tests composed of inorganic silica scales.

Cercozoa
Cercozoa (now synonymised with Filosa) is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead united by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major eukaryotic group to be recognized mainly through molecular phylogenies. They are the natural predators of many species of bacteria. They are closely related to the phylum Retaria, comprising amoeboids that usually have complex shells, and together form a supergroup called Rhizaria.
County Lunatic Asylums (England) Act 1828
The County Lunatic Asylums (England) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 40), also known as the County Asylums Act 1828, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that addressed concerns with the administration of asylums and the slow creation of county asylums within Britain. It required magistrates to send annual records of admissions, discharges, and deaths to the Home Office; and allowed the Secretary of State to send a Visiting Justice to any county asylum, although the visitor couldn't intervene in how the asylum was run. It also allowed counties to borrow money to build an asylum, but it had to be paid back within 14 years of the initial loan. This was designed to incentivise counties to build asylums, but it did not make it compulsory, a continuation of the County Asylums Act 1808 (48 Geo. 3. c. 96). It also imposed the requirement of a residential medical officer, whose permission was necessary to justify the restraint of a patient.

County Asylums Act 1808
The County Asylums Act 1808 (48 Geo. 3. c. 96), also known as the Lunatic Paupers or Criminals Act 1808 or Wynn's Act, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom formed mental health law in England and Wales from 1808 to 1828. The act was replaced by the County Asylums Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 40), which formed mental health law in England and Wales until 1845. Notably, the act established public mental asylums in Britain that could be operated by the county government. It permitted, but did not compel, justices of the peace to provide establishments for the care of pauper lunatics, so that they could be removed from workhouses and prisons.

The act is also known as Mr. Wynn's Act, after Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, a Welsh member of parliament for Montgomeryshire, who promoted the act.
Heroes' Square (Budapest)
Hősök tere (Hungarian: [ˈhøːʃøk ˈtɛrɛ]; lit. 'Heroes' Square') is one of the major squares in Budapest, Hungary, noted for its iconic Millennium Monument with statues featuring the Seven chieftains of the Magyars and other important Hungarian national leaders, as well as the Memorial Stone of Heroes, often erroneously referred as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The square lies at the outbound end of Andrássy Avenue next to City Park (Városliget). It hosts the Museum of Fine Arts and the Palace of Art (Műcsarnok). The square has played an important part in contemporary Hungarian history and has been a host to many political events, such as the reburial of Imre Nagy in 1989. Most sculptures were made by sculptor György Zala from Lendva, with one made by György Vastagh.

In Budapest there are three more squares named Hősök tere, 'Heroes' Square', in the districts or neighbourhoods of Soroksár, Békásmegyer and Rákosliget.

Andrássy út
Andrássy Avenue (Hungarian: Andrássy út, pronounced [ˈɒndraːʃi ˈuːt]) is a boulevard in Budapest, Hungary, dating back to 1872. It links Erzsébet Square with the Városliget. Lined with spectacular Neo-renaissance mansions and townhouses featuring fine facades and interiors, it was recognised as a World Heritage Site in 2002. It is also one of Budapest's main shopping streets, with fine cafes, restaurants, theatres, embassies and luxury boutiques. Among the most noticeable buildings are the State Opera House, the former Ballet School (under reconstruction for several years), the Zoltán Kodály Memorial Museum and Archives, the Hungarian University of Fine Arts, and the Ferenc Hopp Museum of East Asian Arts.
Mytholmroyd
Mytholmroyd (/ˈmaɪðəmrɔɪd/ ⓘ MY-thəm-roid) is a large village in the civil parish of Hebden Royd, in the Calderdale district of West Yorkshire, England, 2 miles (3 km) east of Hebden Bridge. It lies in the Upper Calder Valley, 10 miles (16 km) east of Burnley and 7 miles (11 km) west of Halifax. There are more than 21 listed buildings in the village.

Hebden Bridge
Hebden Bridge is a market town in the civil parish of Hebden Royd, in the Calderdale district of West Yorkshire, England. It is in the Upper Calder Valley, 8 miles (13 km) west of Halifax and 14 miles (21 km) north-east of Rochdale, at the confluence of the River Calder and Hebden Water. The town is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Hebden Royd.

In 2015, the Calder ward, covering Hebden Bridge, Old Town, and part of Todmorden, had a population of 12,167. The town had a population of 4,500 as of 2024.
Castle Village
Castle Village is a five-building cooperative apartment complex located on Cabrini Boulevard between West 181st and 186th Streets in the Hudson Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.  It was built in 1938–1939 by real estate developer Charles V. Paterno on the 7.5 acres (30,000 m2) site of what had been the castle that was his residence, and was designed by George F. Pelham, Jr., whose father, George F. Pelham, had designed the nearby Hudson View Gardens.

The buildings were some of the first apartment towers to employ reinforced concrete construction. Each floor contains nine apartments, eight of which have river views.

The complex was initially a rental property, but converted to a cooperative in 1985. A few original tenants still rent.

Paterno Castle (New York City)
The Paterno Castle was a residential castle on Riverside Drive and Northern Boulevard (now Cabrini Boulevard), between 181st and 185th Streets in the Hudson Heights neighborhood of Washington Heights,  Upper Manhattan, New York City, which was built in 1905 by Charles V. Paterno and demolished by him in 1938.  The Castle Village apartment complex is now located on the property.
Suyá language
Kĩsêdjê (Suyá, Kĩsêdjê: Khĩsêtjê kapẽrẽ [kʰĩˈsedʒe kaˈpẽɽẽ]) is a Northern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken in Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is closely related to Tapayúna; together, they form the Tapajós branch of Northern Jê.: 7

Kĩsêdjê is closely related to Tapayúna;: 10–2  the common past on the Tapajós River, shared by the Kĩsêdjê and the Tapayúna, is still part of their oral history.: 9  Phonological differences between the languages include the reflexes of Proto-Northern Jê *m/*mb, *mr/*mbr, *c (in onsets), *ñ (in codas), and *b (in stressed syllables). In Kĩsêdjê, these consonants are reflected as m/mb, mr/mbr, s, n, and p, respectively, whereas Tapayúna has w ([w̃]), nr ([ɾ̃]), t ([t̪]), j ([j]), and w ([w]) in the same words.: 85 : 10–2

Northern Jê languages
The Northern Jê: 6  or Core Jê languages (Portuguese: Jê Setentrionais) are a branch of the Jê languages constituted by the Timbira dialect continuum (which includes Canela, Krahô, Pykobjê, Krikati, Parkatêjê, and Kỳikatêjê) and a number of languages spoken to the west of the Tocantins River, the Trans-Tocantins languages Apinajé, Mẽbêngôkre, Kĩsêdjê, and Tapayúna. Together with Panará (and its predecessor, Southern Kayapó), they form the Goyaz branch of the Jê family.

The term Northern Jê has been sometimes used to refer to a broader group of languages, which also includes Panará and Southern Kayapó.: 547  In this article, the label Northern Jê is used in the narrow sense (that is, excluding Panará and Southern Kayapó).
George Padmore Institute
The George Padmore Institute (GPI), founded in 1991 in Stroud Green Road, North London, by John La Rose (1927–2006) and a group of political and cultural activists connected to New Beacon Books, is an archive, library, educational resource and research centre that houses "materials relating to the black community of Caribbean, African and Asian descent in Britain and continental Europe". The institute also hosts talks and readings, as well as other educational and cultural activities.

New Beacon Books
New Beacon Books is a British publishing house, bookshop, and international book service that specializes in Black British, Caribbean, African, African-American and Asian literature. Founded in 1966 by John La Rose and Sarah White, it was the first Caribbean publishing house in England.  New Beacon Books is widely recognized as having played an important role in the Caribbean Artists Movement, and in Black British culture more generally. The associated George Padmore Institute (GPI) is located on the upper floors of the same building where the bookshop resides at 76 Stroud Green Road, Finsbury Park, London.
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (23 April 1408 –  26 February 1462), was the son of Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford (1385? – 15 February 1417), and his second wife, Alice Sergeaux (1386–1452). A Lancastrian loyalist during the latter part of his life, he was convicted of high treason and executed on Tower Hill on 26 February 1462.

Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford
Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford KG (15 August 1385 – 15 February 1417) was the son and heir of Aubrey de Vere, 10th Earl of Oxford. He took part in the trial of Richard, Earl of Cambridge, and Lord Scrope for their part in the Southampton Plot, and was one of the commanders at Agincourt in 1415.
Charleston and Western Carolina Railway
The Charleston and Western Carolina Railway (C&WC) was formed in 1896 to operate the lines of the former Port Royal and Augusta Railway (PR&A) and the Port Royal and Western Carolina Railway (PR&WC).  The PR&A and PR&WC had originally been part of the Central of Georgia Railroad but the South Carolina Legislature had forced the railroad to give up the subsidiary lines.  The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL) took over the C&WC in 1897 but operated it as a subsidiary until 1959 when the ACL fully absorbed it. Much of the original system is still in use by ACL successor CSX Transportation.

Port Royal and Western Carolina Railway
The Port Royal and Western Carolina Railway (PR&WC) was a railroad company in the southern United States that operated on 229 miles (369 km) of 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) gauge track. It was formed in 1886 by the merger of the Augusta and Knoxville Railroad, Greenwood, Laurens and Spartanburg Railroad, Savannah Valley Railroad and the Greenville and Laurens Railroad, which then joined with Port Royal and Augusta Railway.

The Port Royal and Western Carolina, and Port Royal and Augusta were operated as part of the Central of Georgia Railroad line until the South Carolina General Assembly forced the railroad to give up the lines. The Charleston and Western Carolina Railway was formed in 1896 to operate the two lines.

The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad took over the Charleston and Western Carolina in 1897 but operated it as a subsidiary until 1959 when it was fully absorbed by the Atlantic Coast Line.
Derwent Reservoir (Derbyshire)
Derwent Reservoir is the middle of three reservoirs in the Upper Derwent Valley in the north of Derbyshire, England. It lies approximately 10 mi (16 km) from Glossop and 10 mi (16 km) from Sheffield. The River Derwent flows first through Howden Reservoir, then Derwent Reservoir and finally through Ladybower Reservoir. Between them they provide practically all of Derbyshire's water, as well as to a large part of South Yorkshire and as far afield as Nottingham and Leicester.

Derwent Reservoir is around 1.5 mi (2.4 km) in length, running broadly north–south, with Howden Dam at the northern end and Derwent Dam at the south. A small island lies near the Howden Dam. The Abbey Brook flows into the reservoir from the east.

At its full capacity the reservoir covers an area of 70.8 ha (175 acres) and at its deepest point is 34.7 m (114 ft) deep.

Ladybower Reservoir
Ladybower Reservoir is a large Y-shaped, artificial reservoir, the lowest of three in the Upper Derwent Valley in Derbyshire, England. The River Ashop flows into the reservoir from the west; the River Derwent flows south, initially through Howden Reservoir, then Derwent Reservoir, and finally through Ladybower Reservoir. The reservoir is owned by the water company Severn Trent.

The area is now a tourist attraction, with the Fairholmes visitors' centre located at the northern tip of Ladybower. The east arm of the reservoir, fed by the Ladybower Brook, is overlooked by Hordron Edge stone circle.