hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guilford, Connecticut
Guilford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. It borders Madison, Branford, North Branford, and Durham. It is situated on I-95 and the Connecticut coast. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 22,073 at the 2020 census.

North Branford, Connecticut
North Branford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 13,544 at the 2020 census. The town is primarily known for agriculture and for other points of interest including Lake Gaillard and Northford Ice Pavilion. Wallingford, Durham, and North Haven border it to the north, East Haven to the west, Guilford to the east, and Branford to the south.

The town has the neighborhoods of Totoket, Wood Chase, Sea Hill, Twin Lakes, Ashley Park, and Doral Farms. North Branford also includes the village of Northford.
Internet Icon season 2
The second season of Internet Icon premiered on 21 May 2013, and concluded on 27 July 2013, on the YOMYOMF YouTube channel. Ryan Higa and Christine Lakin both returned as judges, and Timothy DeLaGhetto joined the judging panel for this season. Chester See did not return as host; Chris Riedell took over the role, with his brother Nick Riedell joining as mentor for the contestants. Collectively, the two are known as the Brothers Riedell, winners of the first season.

Like the previous season, there were many guest judges joining Higa, Lakin and DeLaGhetto, including Smosh, Jenna Marbles, Kassem G, Ben and Rafi Fine, Philip DeFranco, Shane Dawson and PewDiePie.

Matthew Fredrick, also known as Matthias from Los Angeles, California, won the competition, beating the runners-up Bad Weather Films and the Kloons. As the winner, he won $10,000 in cash, a MacBook Pro, a one-year development deal with YOMYOMF, and a meeting with a Hollywood film director.

Internet Icon season 1
Internet Icon is an American film-making competition reality television show to find "the next Internet icon". The first season aired on the YOMYOMF YouTube channel from 12 June to 16 August 2012. The judges were Ryan Higa and Christine Lakin, and the host was Chester See. The filming of the show took place at the Los Angeles Center Studios. The Brothers Riedell won the first season, with Lana McKissack as runner-up. The contestants of the first season saw an average subscriber boost of 522%.
Fletcher, North Carolina
Fletcher is a town in Henderson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fletcher had a population of 7,987.

Fletcher is adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport, which serves western North Carolina. It is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Asheville metropolitan area
The Asheville metropolitan area is a metropolitan area centered on the principal city of Asheville, North Carolina. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area used by the United States Census Bureau and other entities, as comprising the four counties of Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison. The area's population was 424,858 according to the 2010 census, and 469,454 according to the 2020 census.
Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero
Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero Limited, also known as Mechanizations and Aero Ltd and Nuffield Mechanizations Ltd was William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield's personal enterprise developing improved methods for mechanisation and mobility of the British Army and the ground section of the Royal Air Force.

The company was started in 1935 to separate Wolseley Motors aircraft engine manufacturing business from the car business which was joined with Morris Motors vehicle businesses. In 1937 Nuffield Mechanizations Limited was acquired and the combined company was named "Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero Limited".

Wolseley Motors
Wolseley Motors Limited was a British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in early 1901 by the Vickers Armaments in conjunction with Herbert Austin. It initially made a full range, topped by large luxury cars, and dominated the market in the Edwardian era. The Vickers brothers died in 1914 and 1919, respectively, and, without their guidance, Wolseley expanded rapidly after the war, manufacturing 12,000 cars in 1921, and remained the biggest motor manufacturer in Britain.

In 1927, it was acquired from Vickers Limited by William Morris as a personal investment. Over-expansion led to receivership. He moved it into his Morris Motors empire just before World War II. After that, Wolseley products were "badge-engineered" Morris cars. Wolseley went with its sister businesses into BMC, BMH and British Leyland, where its name lapsed in 1975.
Clint Murchison Sr.
Clinton Williams Murchison (April 11, 1895 – June 20, 1969) was a noted Texas-based oil magnate and political operative. Among his companies was the Southern Union Company. He was also the father of Dallas Cowboys owner and founder Clint Murchison Jr.

Clint Murchison Jr.
Clinton Williams Murchison Jr. (September 12, 1923 – March 30, 1987) was an American businessman and founder of the Dallas Cowboys football team. A son of Clint Murchison Sr., who made his first fortune in oil exploration and became notorious for exploiting the sale of "hot oil", Clint and his surviving brother inherited their father's wealth and business interests to which Clint Jr. added ventures of his own. These included the establishment of the NFL's Dallas Cowboys franchise, real estate development, construction, home building, restaurants and financing the offshore pirate radio station called Radio Nord.
Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger
Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger (獣電戦隊キョウリュウジャー, Jūden Sentai Kyōryūjā; Electrobeast Squadron Kyoryuger) is Toei Company's 37th entry in its long-running Super Sentai metaseries of Japanese tokusatsu television series aired on TV Asahi from 17 February 2013 to 9 February 2014, replacing Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters and was replaced by Ressha Sentai ToQger. The program joining Kamen Rider Wizard and later Kamen Rider Gaim in TV Asahi's Super Hero Time programming block. Its footage was later used for the American Power Rangers season, Power Rangers Dino Charge and its follow up season, Dino Super Charge, and gained a South Korean-exclusive sequel, Power Rangers Dino Force Brave. This is the first Super Sentai series to be shot in Full HD at 1080p, as Shinkenger through Go-Busters was only shot in 720p.

Kamen Rider Gaim
Kamen Rider Gaim (仮面ライダー鎧武(ガイム), Kamen Raidā Gaimu) is a Japanese television series, a tokusatsu drama that is in the Kamen Rider Series; it is the 15th series during its Heisei run and 24th overall. The series, written by Gen Urobuchi and directed by Ryuta Tasaki it began airing on TV Asahi from October 6, 2013, replacing Kamen Rider Wizard in its initial timeslot and joining Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger then Ressha Sentai ToQger in the Super Hero Time programming block, until Gaim concluded on September 28, 2014, and was replaced  by Kamen Rider Drive the following week. The series made a first motif that combines fruits, samurai/warriors, and dance culture in a unique blend of themes. The series is set in a city where dance crews compete for territory, and the story evolves into a deeper tale about power, survival, and responsibility.
Rosa Malmström
Rosa Astrid Tyra Malmström (1906–1995) was a Swedish feminist, schoolteacher and librarian. She is remembered in particular for her focus on women's literature while working at University of Gothenburg Library from 1938 until her retirement. Recognising the discrimination suffered by women in the library classification system, together with the literary historian Asta Ekenvall and the women's rights activist Eva Pineus, in 1958 she co-founded Kvinnohistorisk Arkiv, a foundation devoted to women's studies which in 1971 became known as Kvinnohistorisk Samlingarna (Women's Historical Collection), now KvinnSam. Malmström's significant contribution to Nordic biographical research was recognized by University of Gothenburg in 1987 when she was awarded the title of honorary professor. In 1994, the Swedish government promoted her to full professor.

Asta Ekenvall
Asta Ekenvall (6 April 1913 – 12 December 2001) was a Swedish librarian, one of the founders of the  Kvinnohistorisk arkiv (Women's History Archive) of the University of Gothenburg and a pioneer in research and philosophy of women's history.
Ossie Pickworth
Horace Henry Alfred "Ossie" Pickworth (17 January 1918 – 23 September 1969) was an Australian professional golfer. He won three successive Australian Open titles from 1946 to 1948, the last of which came in a playoff against Jim Ferrier.

Jim Ferrier
James Bennett Elliott Ferrier (24 February 1915 – 13 June 1986) was an Australian professional golfer. After compiling a fine record as an amateur golfer in Australia during the 1930s, he moved to the United States in 1940, turned professional in 1941, and joined the PGA Tour. He won the 1947 PGA Championship among his 18 tour titles and was the first Australian to win a major championship.
Bjugn Municipality
Bjugn is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1853 until its dissolution in 2020 when it was merged into Ørland Municipality. It was part of the Fosen region. The village of Botngård was the administrative centre of Bjugn Municipality. Other villages in Bjugn included Høybakken, Jøssund, Lysøysundet, Nes, Oksvoll, and Vallersund. Bjugn was on the Robek-list in 2015.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 384-square-kilometre (148 sq mi) municipality was the 245th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Bjugn Municipality was the 205th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,904. The municipality's population density was 12.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (33/sq mi) and its population had increased by 8% over the last decade.

Bjugn (village)
Bjugn (or historically Botngård) is the administrative centre of Ørland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Bjugnfjorden. It is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the village of Høybakken, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of the village of Nes, and about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of village of Oksvoll.

The 1.24-square-kilometre (310-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,379 and a population density of 1,112 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,880/sq mi). There is a videregående school in Botngård. Fosenhallen is one of only four indoor speed skating ovals in Norway. Bjugn Church is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of the village, on the southern shore of the Bjugnfjorden.
Gryfów Śląski
Gryfów Śląski ([ˈɡrɨfuf ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi]), simplified to Gryfów (German: Greiffenberg), is a historic town in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Gryfów Śląski. As of 2019, the town has a population of 6,636. The town is located between Zgorzelec and Jelenia Góra, on the Kwisa river.

Gmina Gryfów Śląski
Gmina Gryfów Śląski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Gryfów Śląski, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Lwówek Śląski, and 114 kilometres (71 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 66.61 square kilometres (25.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 9,697.
Chris Terrio
Chris Terrio (born December 31, 1976) is an American screenwriter and film director. He is best known for writing the screenplay for the 2012 film Argo, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Terrio also won the Writers Guild Award for Best Adapted Screenplay of 2012 and was nominated for Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay, a BAFTA, and the 2013 Los Angeles Film Critics Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for this work.

Terrio wrote the screenplay for Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the follow-up to Zack Snyder's Man of Steel, based on an earlier draft by David S. Goyer, and is credited as co-writer for the 2017 film Justice League, alongside Joss Whedon for the theatrical cut and Zack Snyder and Will Beall for the 2021 director's cut for Warner Bros. He completed another screenplay, A Foreigner, based on an article by the journalist David Grann. Terrio also co-wrote the script for Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker with director J. J. Abrams.

David S. Goyer
David Samuel Goyer (born December 22, 1965) is an American filmmaker, novelist, and comic book writer. He is best known for writing the screenplays and stories for several superhero films, including Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (1998), the Blade trilogy (1998–2004), Christopher Nolan's Dark Knight trilogy (2005–2012), Man of Steel (2013), and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016). He has also directed four films: Zig Zag (2002), Blade: Trinity (2004), The Invisible (2007), and The Unborn (2009). He is the creator of the science fiction television series Foundation which is loosely based upon the Foundation series written by Isaac Asimov.

Goyer was co-writer of the video games Call of Duty: Black Ops, Call of Duty: Black Ops II, and Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War. He won a Saturn Award for Best Writing for Batman Begins (2005) and received another nomination for Dark City, and has been nominated for four Hugo Awards.
Perceptron
In machine learning, the perceptron is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers.  A binary classifier is a function that can decide whether or not an input, represented by a vector of numbers, belongs to some specific class.  It is a type of linear classifier, i.e. a classification algorithm that makes its predictions based on a linear predictor function combining a set of weights with the feature vector.

Linear classifier
In machine learning, a linear classifier makes a classification decision for each object based on a linear combination of its features.  A simpler definition is to say that a linear classifier is one whose decision boundaries are linear.  Such classifiers work well for practical problems such as document classification, and more generally for problems with many variables (features), reaching accuracy levels comparable to non-linear classifiers while taking less time to train and use.
Lasing threshold
The lasing threshold is the lowest excitation level at which a laser's output is dominated by stimulated emission rather than by spontaneous emission. Below the threshold, the laser's output power rises slowly with increasing excitation. Above threshold, the slope of power vs. excitation is orders of magnitude greater. The linewidth of the laser's emission also becomes orders of magnitude smaller above the threshold than it is below. Above the threshold, the laser is said to be lasing. The term "lasing" is a back formation from "laser," which is an acronym, not an agent noun.

Laser pumping
Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. When for a period of time the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in the ground state or a less-excited state, population inversion is achieved. In this condition, the mechanism of stimulated emission can take place and the medium can act as a laser or an optical amplifier. The pump power must be higher than the lasing threshold of the laser.

The pump energy is usually provided in the form of light or electric current, but more exotic sources have been used, such as chemical or nuclear reactions.
Nowy Kurier Warszawski
Nowy Kurier Warszawski, initially Nowy Kurjer Warszawski ("New Courier of Warsaw") was a German propaganda newspaper issued in the occupied Poland during World War II. Its name was coined after a popular pre-war newspaper Kurier Warszawski, with which it had nothing to do but the name. According to German sources the newspaper was issued in 200 000 copies daily, but it was commonly boycotted by the Poles (often defaced with the kotwica) and the numbers seem to be much overestimated.

Kurjer Warszawski
The Kurjer Warszawski Polish pronunciation: [ˈku.rjɛr varˈʂaf.ski] was a daily newspaper printed in Warsaw, Poland, from 1821 to 1939, with two editions daily from 1873. It was selling 4,000 copies in 1868, and over 20,000 copies after 1883.
Hoppers Crossing
Hoppers Crossing is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Wyndham local government area. Hoppers Crossing recorded a population of 37,216 at the 2021 census.

Located on the urban fringe, from the Princes Highway to the growing suburbs of Tarneit and Truganina, Hoppers Crossing stretches northwards.

Tarneit
Tarneit (/ˈtɑːnit/ ⓘ) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25 km (16 mi) west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Wyndham local government area. Tarneit recorded a population of 56,370 at the 2021 census.

Located near another emerging suburb, Truganina, Tarneit is estimated to increase to a population of over 63,000 by 2031.
North Twin Peak
North Twin (Peak) is one of the two main peaks that comprise The Twins massif located at the northeast corner of the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. The other lower peak is named South Twin (3,566 m).  North Twin is the third-highest peak in the Canadian Rockies, after Mount Robson and Mount Columbia.

The massif was named The Twins in 1898 by J. Norman Collie and Hugh M. Stutfield.  The decision to name the peaks separately was approved February 28, 1980.

In addition to North Twin and South Twin, the massif contains a northern subpeak of North Twin known as Twins Tower, 3,627 m (11,900 ft) (see lower photo). This sits atop the famed north face of the massif (see below), and was named in 1984. Further, another subpeak in the massif is known as West Twin 3,360 m (11,024 ft), a picture of which can be found in the South Twin Gallery - access to this peak is from the north–south col.

South Twin Peak
South Twin (Peak) (3,566 m (11,699 ft)) is one of two main peaks that comprise The Twins massif located at the northeast corner of the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. The other higher main peak is named North Twin, with a height of 3,731 m (12,241 ft).  South Twin is the eighth-highest peak in the Canadian Rockies.

There are two other more minor peaks within The Twins massif and they are known as Twins Tower (3,640 m (11,940 ft), first ascent in 1938) and West Twin (3,360 m (11,020 ft), first ascent in 1975). West Twin's picture is in the Gallery below and a picture of Twins Tower can be found in the North Twin article.  All four of these peaks are listed in the 11,000ers.

The massif was named The Twins in 1898 by J. Norman Collie and Hugh M. Stutfield.  The decision to name the peaks separately was approved February 28, 1980.

The mountain was named in 1898 by J. Norman Collie and Hugh M. Stutfield.
Melville Koppies
Melville Koppies is a nature reserve and a Johannesburg City Heritage Site in Johannesburg, South Africa. The word 'koppie' means small hill.

Iron Age artifacts can still be found at the site. Visitors can walk or hike in the Koppies, and tours are offered. Neighbouring it is the Johannesburg Botanical Garden.

Melville, Johannesburg
Melville is a bohemian suburb of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. It is the location of many restaurants and taverns, which are mostly frequented by students from the nearby University of Johannesburg, located in Auckland Park, and the University of the Witwatersrand, located in Braamfontein. It is one of the city's most popular tourist destinations. The suburb is to the west of the Johannesburg CBD. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.
Bohbot Entertainment
Bohbot Entertainment was an American advertising and marketing company specializing in the children's market founded in 1985, and had traded under various different names over the years. The company produced and distributed programming under their operated syndicated block – Amazin' Adventures, later renamed to Bohbot Kids Network (BKN).

Bohbot Kids Network
Bohbot Kids Network (more commonly referred to and on-screen as BKN, originally known as Amazin' Adventures until 1997) was a children's programming block operated by Bohbot Entertainment (later BKN, Inc.) that aired on syndicated television stations from 1992 to 2000.
CONtv
Midnight Pulp (formerly CONtv) is an OTT streaming service launched in March 2015 as a joint venture between Cineverse (then known as Cinedigm) and Wizard World (now known as Wizard Entertainment).

The service catered towards fans of geek and nerd culture, featuring cult classic films and television series, digital comics, and behind-the-scenes content from Wizard World's Comic Cons.

Cineverse
Cineverse Corp. (originally Access IT Digital Media, Inc., and later, Cinedigm) is an American entertainment company headquartered in Los Angeles, California. Cineverse’s businesses encompass digital cinema, streaming channels, content marketing, and distribution.
Clementia of Burgundy
Clementia of Burgundy (c. 1078 – c. 1133) was countess of Flanders by marriage to Robert II of Flanders. She acted as regent of Flanders from 1096 until 1100, while her spouse was on crusade, and in the name of their son Baldwin VII from 1111 until 1119.

Robert II, Count of Flanders
Robert II, Count of Flanders (c. 1065 – 5 October 1111) was Count of Flanders from 1093 to 1111. He became known as Robert of Jerusalem (Robertus Hierosolimitanus) or Robert the Crusader after his exploits in the First Crusade.
El Tovar Hotel
The El Tovar Hotel, also known simply as El Tovar, is a former Harvey House hotel situated directly on the south rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, United States.

The hotel was designed by Charles Whittlesey, Chief Architect for the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway and was opened in 1905 as one of a chain of hotels and restaurants owned and operated by the Fred Harvey Company in conjunction with the Santa Fe railway whose Grand Canyon Depot was 100 metres (330 ft) away. It is at the northern terminus of the Grand Canyon Railway, which was formerly a branch of the Santa Fe Railroad.

The hotel is one of only a handful of former Harvey House facilities that are still in operation, and is an early example of the style that would evolve into National Park Service Rustic architecture.  It has been a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, since 2012.

Fred Harvey Company
The Fred Harvey Company was the owner of the Harvey House chain of restaurants, hotels and other hospitality industry businesses alongside railroads in the Western United States. It was founded in 1876 by Fred Harvey to cater to the growing number of train passengers.

When Harvey died in 1901, his family inherited 45 restaurants and 20 dining cars in 12 states. During World War II, Harvey Houses opened again to serve soldiers as they traveled in troop trains across the U.S. By 1968, when it was sold to Amfac, Inc. (now Xanterra Parks and Resorts, as of 2002), the Fred Harvey Company was the sixth largest food retailer in the United States. It left behind a lasting legacy of good food, dedication to customers, decent treatment of employees, and preservation of local traditions.