hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rail pass
A rail pass is a pass that covers the cost of train travel in a certain designated area or areas within a certain period of time. It is contrasted to a point-to-point ticket in that it allows the holder unlimited travel, within the pre-designated area and period, while a point-to-point ticket only permits the holder to travel from a point to another once. It is different from a season ticket in the sense that, while both of them grant unlimited travel to the holder, season tickets normally target commuting travellers, whereas rail passes usually target tourists. Based on this difference, terms of use are thus normally set differently.

The first rail pass was issued as the Eurail pass in March 1959. Owing to its success, many other passes have been issued by various railway companies all around the world since then.

Eurail
The Eurail Pass, introduced in 1959 and formerly known as Europass or Eurorail Pass, is a rail pass which permits travel on nearly all railroads and several shipping lines in 33 European countries. The Eurail Pass is available to non-European residents, whereas the Interrail Pass (introduced in 1972) is available to European residents. The passes, which provide access to 250,000 kilometres (160,000 mi) of European railway, are used by over 33,000 travellers annually.

The Eurail Group, based in Utrecht, is responsible for the marketing and management of the Eurail and Interrail passes. The company is owned by over 35 European railway and shipping companies.
John Hostettler
John Nathan Hostettler (born July 19, 1961) is an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives for 12 years, representing Indiana's 8th congressional district as a Republican. He lost his reelection bid for a seventh term to Democratic challenger Brad Ellsworth in the 2006 midterm election by a landslide.

In 2010, he was a Republican candidate for Indiana's open U.S. Senate seat being vacated by the retiring Evan Bayh, but lost the primary to former U.S. Senator Dan Coats, denying Hostettler a rematch with Ellsworth in the general election for Senate.

In February 2024, Hostettler announced he was running for his former house seat in 2024. He lost the Republican primary to Mark Messmer.

Brad Ellsworth
John Bradley Ellsworth (born September 11, 1958) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Indiana's 8th congressional district from 2007 to 2011. In 2010, he was the Democratic candidate for a seat in the United States Senate, but he was defeated by former Senator Dan Coats.
Gordon Kennett
Gordon William Kennett (2 September 1953 – 11 September 2023) was an English motorcycle speedway rider. In 1978, he won the World Pairs Championship and finished runner-up to Ole Olsen in the 1978 Individual Speedway World Championship, at Wembley. He earned 53 international caps for the England national speedway team.

1978 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1978 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 33rd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

Ole Olsen won his third world crown. The final was sponsored by the Sunday Mirror and was attended by 86,500. Gordon Kennett took silver on the day of his 25th birthday and American Scott Autrey won the bronze medal run-off defeating Dave Jessup and Jerzy Rembas. Dave Jessup was effectively denied a World title when after leading in heat 3 he suffered a bike malfunction and finished last in the heat. He then scored 11 points from his remaining rides which would have been enough to take the crown if he had won heat 3.

Qualification results.
Walter Fink
Walter Fink (16 August 1930 – 13 April 2018) was a German entrepreneur and a patron of contemporary classical music. He is known for being a founding member, executive committee member and sponsor of the Rheingau Musik Festival, where he initiated a series of annual portraits of international composers of contemporary classical music.

Rheingau Musik Festival
The Rheingau Musik Festival (RMF) is an international summer music festival in Germany, founded in 1987. It is mostly for classical music, but includes other genres. Concerts take place at culturally important locations, such as Eberbach Abbey and Schloss Johannisberg, in the wine-growing Rheingau region between Wiesbaden and Lorch.
The City of Pleasure (Ezzat el Kamhawi novel)
The City of Pleasure Arabic: مدينة اللذة is Ezzat el Kamhawi's first novel, and second book after It Happened in the land of Dust and Mud (stories). It was first released by the General Organization for Cultural Centers in 1997, second edition by el-Ain publishing in 2009. In his novel, Kamhawi attempted to personify an entire city where he deals with issues related to love and sex. The characters are portrayed as simple passerby who narrate the city's story and who live in it, with it and for it.

Ezzat el Kamhawi
Ezzat El Kamhawi (Arabic: عزت القمحاوي) is an Egyptian novelist and journalist. In December 2012, El Kamhawi was awarded the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature for his novel House of the Wolf. In June 2022 he was awarded the Samir Kassir Award for Freedom of the Press (Opinion Piece category) for his article "Suspicious architecture: The obsession with grand buildings and wide streets".

He was born in 1961 and graduated from the department of journalism in the Faculty of Mass Communications, Cairo University in 1983.
NXT UK TakeOver
NXT UK TakeOver was a series of periodic professional wrestling events produced by the American promotion WWE, exclusively for its former United Kingdom-based brand, NXT UK. Established in 2019, the UK TakeOver events served as the brand's counterpart to the main NXT brand's TakeOver shows, and were livestreamed exclusively on the WWE Network.

Only three NXT UK TakeOver events were produced: Blackpool and Cardiff in January and August 2019, respectively, and Blackpool II in January 2020. A fourth, Dublin, was planned for April 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic that began in March, it was ultimately canceled and no further UK TakeOvers were scheduled. In late 2021, the main NXT's TakeOver series was discontinued after NXT went through a restructuring. The NXT UK brand was then dissolved in September 2022 for an eventual relaunch as NXT Europe.

NXT UK TakeOver: Cardiff
NXT UK TakeOver: Cardiff was a 2019 professional wrestling livestreaming event produced by the American promotion WWE. It was the second NXT UK TakeOver event and took place on 31 August 2019 at the Motorpoint Arena Cardiff in Cardiff, Wales. The event aired exclusively on the WWE Network and was held for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT UK brand division.

Six matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Walter retained the WWE United Kingdom Championship against Tyler Bate. Other matches included Mark Andrews and Flash Morgan Webster defeating defending champions Zack Gibson and James Drake and Gallus (Mark Coffey and Wolfgang) in a triple threat tag team match to win the NXT UK Tag Team Championship, and Kay Lee Ray defeated Toni Storm to win the NXT UK Women's Championship.
This Ugly yet Beautiful World
This Ugly yet Beautiful World (この醜くも美しい世界, Kono Minikuku mo Utsukushii Sekai) is a Japanese anime television series created by Shouji Saeki and Hiroyuki Yamaga. It was animated by Gainax and Shaft.

The series aired on BS-i from April 2, 2004, to June 18, 2004, totaling 12 episodes. A manga adaptation, illustrated by Ashita Morimi, was serialized in Hakusensha's Young Animal.

Shouji Saeki
Shouji Saeki (Japanese: 佐伯 昭志, Hepburn: Saeki Shōji, born December 17, 1971) is a Japanese director, storyboard artist, writer, and animator known for directing and writing several series for studios Gainax and Shaft.
Myrne, Myrne settlement hromada, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast
Myrne (Ukrainian: Мирне; Russian: Мирное, romanized: Mirnoye) is a rural settlement in Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. Myrne is the administrative center of Myrne settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is 1,631 (2022 estimate).

Myrne settlement hromada, Donetsk Oblast
Myrne settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Мирненська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Myrne.

It has an area of 415.6 square kilometres (160.5 sq mi) and a population of 11,845, as of 2020.

The hromada includes 15 settlements: 2 towns (Myrne and Andriivka) and 9 villages:

And 4 rural-type settlements: Bakhchovyk, Druzhne, Malovodne, and Obilne.
Ban Zu
Ban Zu or Banzu (Chinese: 班卒; pinyin: Bānzú; Wade–Giles: Pan-tsu; Malay: Pancur) was a port settlement believed to have thrived in Singapore during the 14th century. It is proposed to be located on Fort Canning Hill and the area on the north bank of the Singapore River basin between the hill and the sea. It was mentioned by the Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan in his work Daoyi Zhilüe together with Long Ya Men as the two settlements that made up Temasek. It may have been abandoned before 1400 after an attack by either the Siamese or the Majapahit.

Fort Canning Hill
Fort Canning Hill, or simply known as Fort Canning, is a prominent hill, about 48 metres (157 ft) high, in the southeast portion of Singapore, within the Central Area that forms Singapore's central business district.

The hill has a long history intertwined with that of the country due to its location as the highest elevation within walking distance to the city's civic district, within the Downtown Core. It is also a popular location for exhibitions, concerts, and outdoor recreation.
Loro Boriçi
Lorenco Boriçi (4 August 1922 – 25 April 1984), commonly known as Loro Boriçi was an Albanian footballer who played as a forward. He is regarded as one of Albania's greatest players.

He played mostly for  Partizan Tirana (won the 1949 and 1954 Albanian title and scored 68 goals for them) and Vllaznia Shkodër (won the 1945 Albanian title). Boriçi was the reserve of Silvio Piola in Italian Serie A with Lazio. He captained Albania in winning the 1946 Balkan Cup. Today, Loro-Boriçi Stadium in Shkodër is named in his honor.

1946 Balkan Cup
The 1946 Balkan Cup was the 8th edition of this tournament. The participanting teams were Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and for the first time ever, Albania, who ended up winning the tournament in their first try.
Jeline Vandromme
Jeline Vandromme (born 16 November 2007) is a Belgian tennis player. She has a career-high ITF junior combined ranking of No. 2, achieved on 27 October 2025. She won the girls' singles title at the 2025 US Open.

2025 US Open (tennis)
The 2025 US Open was the 145th edition of tennis' US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Jannik Sinner and Aryna Sabalenka were the men's and women's singles defending champions, respectively. While Sabalenka successfully defended her title, Sinner lost in the final to Carlos Alcaraz. This was the final edition of the tournament with Stacey Allaster as its director.
Human Biology Association
The Human Biology Association (HBA), established as the Human Biology Council in 1973, is a scientific and nonprofit organization for the promotion of studies in human biology. It is headquartered at Washington, D.C., US. Its official journal American Journal of Human Biology is published by Wiley. In the past it had also supported the publication of Human Biology, which was the main reason for its establishment.

American Journal of Human Biology
The American Journal of Human Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering human biology. It is the official publication of the Human Biology Association (formerly known as the Human Biology Council). The journal publishes original research, theoretical articles, reviews, and other communications connected to all aspects of human biology, health and disease.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.937, ranking it 32nd out of 93 journals in the category "Anthropology" and 55th out of 93 journals in the category "Biology".
Shari Lewis
Shari Lewis (born Phyllis Naomi Hurwitz; January 17, 1933 – August 2, 1998) was a Peabody-winning American ventriloquist, puppeteer, children's entertainer, television show host, dancer, singer, actress, author, and symphony conductor. She famously created and performed the sock puppet Lamb Chop for Captain Kangaroo in March 1956.

Ventriloquism
Ventriloquism is the performance art of speaking or producing sounds so that the voice appears to come from a source other than the performer, most often a puppet or "dummy." Ventriloquists create the illusion of a separate character by manipulating the puppet and producing distinct voices, often for comedy, storytelling, or theatrical entertainment. The technique requires precise vocal control and minimal lip movement. Ventriloquism has historical roots in ancient cultures and theater, and it continues to be practiced in live performances, television, and media worldwide.
Columbus Catfish
The Columbus Catfish were a minor league baseball team in Columbus, Georgia.  They were a Class A team in the South Atlantic League, and were an affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays for the 2007 and 2008 seasons. They were known as the South Georgia Waves for the 2003 season. The Catfish relocated to Bowling Green, Kentucky for the 2009 season and are now known as the Bowling Green Hot Rods.

The Catfish played home games at Golden Park.  The team colors were royal blue, peach, and sand.  The name "Catfish" referred to the fish of the same name, which is commonly eaten in the South and is often harvested from the Chattahoochee River.  The city of Columbus and Golden Park itself lie on the Chattahoochee.  The peach in the Catfish logo indicates that they are from the state of Georgia and not the Columbus Clippers of Columbus, Ohio.

In 2007, the Catfish swept the West Virginia Power in three games to win their first South Atlantic League championship.

Bowling Green Hot Rods
The Bowling Green Hot Rods are a Minor League Baseball team of the South Atlantic League and the High-A affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays. They are located in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and play their home games at Bowling Green Ballpark, which opened in 2009. The team is named for the city's connections to the automotive and racing industries such as the National Corvette Museum, Holley Carburetor, Beech Bend Raceway, and the Bowling Green Assembly Plant.

Founded in 2009, they were members of the Class A South Atlantic League in their inaugural season and played in the Class A Midwest League from 2010 to 2020. There were elevated to the High-A classification and placed in the High-A East in 2021, but this was renamed the South Atlantic League in 2022.
Goslar
Goslar (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔslaʁ] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Goslär) is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and is located on the northwestern slopes of the Harz mountain range. The Old Town of Goslar with over 1.500 timber houses and the Mines of Rammelsberg are UNESCO World Heritage Sites for their millennium-long testimony to the history of ore mining and their political importance for the Holy Roman Empire and Hanseatic League. Each year Goslar awards the Kaiserring to an international artist, called the "Nobel Prize" of the art world.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.
Hazure Skill
Hazure Skill: The Guild Member with a Worthless Skill Is Actually a Legendary Assassin (Japanese: 外れスキル「影が薄い」を持つギルド職員が、実は伝説の暗殺者, Hepburn: Hazure Sukiru "Kage ga Usui" o Motsu Guild Shokuin ga, Jitsuha Densetsu no Ansatsusha) is a Japanese light novel series written by Kennoji. The series originated on the Shōsetsuka ni Narō website in June 2018, before being published in print with illustrations by KWKM by Fujimi Shobo beginning in March 2019. A manga adaptation with illustrations by Fuh Araki began serialization in the ComicWalker-based Dengeki PlayStation Comic Web manga service in July 2019. The series follows Roland, a talented assassin who chooses to live a more ordinary life by working for a local Adventurers' Guild.

Shōsetsuka ni Narō
Shōsetsuka ni Narō (小説家になろう; lit. "Let's Become a Novelist") is a Japanese novel self-publishing website created by Yusuke Umezaki (梅崎 祐輔, Umezaki Yūsuke). It was launched on April 2, 2004. Users can upload their novels free of charge and the novels are also free to read. As of December 2022, the site hosts close to 1,000,000 novels, has over 2,300,000 registered users and it receives over 1 billion page views per month.

Over one hundred novel series uploaded to the site have been acquired by various publishers, such as Log Horizon, serialized from 2010 before being acquired by Enterbrain in 2011, and The Irregular at Magic High School, which was serialized between 2008 and 2011 before being acquired by ASCII Media Works.

Futabasha's light novel imprint Monster Bunko was established on July 30, 2014, which exclusively publishes series that originated on Shōsetsuka ni Narō.
Dioptrics
Dioptrics is the branch of optics dealing with refraction, especially by lenses. In contrast, the branch dealing with mirrors is known as catoptrics. Telescopes that create their image with an objective that is a convex lens (refractors) are said to be "dioptric" telescopes.

An early study of dioptrics was conducted by Ptolemy in relationship to the human eye as well as refraction in media such as water.  The understanding of the principles of dioptrics was further expanded by Alhazen, considered the father of modern optics.

Catoptrics
Catoptrics (from Ancient Greek: κατοπτρικός katoptrikós ‘specular’, from Ancient Greek: κάτοπτρον kátoptron ‘mirror’) deals with the phenomena of reflected light and image-forming optical systems using mirrors. A catoptric system is also called a catopter (catoptre).
William J. Benners
William James Benners Jr. (1863–1940) was a writer, publisher and historian of dime novels, which was a class of popular fiction that flourished in the mid- and late-nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century. Benners was also a poet, actor and an avid traveler who maintained correspondence with many dime novel authors, and aimed to compile a directory of popular writers and bought and sold stories and publishing rights, and also penned some dime novels of his own.

Dime novel
The dime novel is a form of late 19th-century and early 20th-century American popular fiction issued in series of inexpensive paperbound editions. The term dime novel has been used as a catchall term for several different but related forms, referring to story papers, five- and ten-cent weeklies, "thick book" reprints, and sometimes early pulp magazines. Dime novels are similar in form and content to British penny dreadfuls and story papers, which were produced at the same time.

The term was used as a title as late as 1940, in the short-lived pulp magazine Western Dime Novels. In the modern age, the term dime novel has been used to refer to quickly written, lurid potboilers, usually as a pejorative to describe a sensationalized but superficial literary work.
Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor
Ibrahim ibni Iskandar (born Tunku Ibrahim Ismail ibni Tunku Mahmood Iskandar, 22 November 1958) is King of Malaysia and Sultan of Johor.

Ibrahim was born during the reign of his great-grandfather, Sultan Sir Ibrahim, and became heir apparent when his father, Sultan Iskandar, acceded to the throne of Johor in 1981. He was named Crown Prince of Johor on 3 July 1981. He was educated at Trinity Grammar School in Australia. In 1982, he married Raja Zarith Sofiah. They had six children, including Ismail Idris and Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah.

Ibrahim became Sultan of Johor upon his father's death in 2010. On 31 January 2024, Ibrahim was sworn in as the King of Malaysia, having been elected to a five-year term on 27 October 2023. Significant events in his reign have included his installation in July 2024.

Sultan of Johor
The Sultan of Johor (Malay: Sultan Johor; Jawi: ‏سلطان جوهر‎‎) is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a bendahara. Currently, the role of bendahara has been taken over by first minister (Malay: Menteri Besar) with the constitutional monarchy system via Johor State Constitution. The sultan is the constitutional head of state of Johor. The sultan has his own independent military force, the Royal Johor Military Force (Malay: Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor). The sultan is also the Head of Islam in Johor.
Pennsylvania Route 187
Pennsylvania Route 187 (PA 187) is a 43.1-mile-long (69.4 km) state highway located in Wyoming and Bradford counties in Pennsylvania. The southern terminus is at PA 87 in Lovelton. The northern terminus is at the New York state line, north of Windham Center. The route continues as New York State Route 282 (NY 282) for 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) north to its terminus at NY 17C.

Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Bradford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, its population was 59,967. Its county seat is Towanda.  The county was created on February 21, 1810, from parts of Lycoming and Luzerne Counties. Originally called Ontario County, it was reorganized and separated from Lycoming County on October 13, 1812, and renamed Bradford County for William Bradford, who had been a chief justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and United States Attorney General. The county is part of the Northeast region of the commonwealth.

Bradford County comprises the Sayre, Pennsylvania micropolitan statistical area.

The county is not to be confused with the city of Bradford, which is in McKean County, 141 miles to the west via U.S. Route 6.
HLA-DQ3
Within molecular and cell biology, HLA-DQ3 (DQ3) is a broad serotype category with split antigens HLA-DQ7, DQ8, and DQ9. Historically, originally recognized as MB3 a DC4 serotype, DQw3 was one of three early determined antigens recognized as HLA-DQ along with HLA-DQ1 and HLA-DQ2. While the DQ3 molecules are structurally similar in beta chain, the DQ molecules differ markedly in function, even when present with the same DQ alpha subunit. For this reason they are best treated independently.

HLA-DQ7
HLA-DQ7 (DQ7) is an HLA-DQ serotype that recognizes the common HLA DQB1*0301 and the less common HLA DQB1*0304 gene products. DQ7 is a form of 'split antigen' of the broad antigen group DQ3 which also contains DQ8 and DQ9.

DQ7 is linked by haplotype to a number of DQA1 (DQ alpha chain) genes, producing in cis-haplotype form, a large number of DQ αβ isoforms. These DQ alpha chains are also known to form transhaplotype isomers with other HLA-DQ.

DQ7 is linked to the following alpha chains genes (DQA1*)

03 – *0301, *0302, *0303

0401

0505

0601