hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diffusive–thermal instability
Diffusive–thermal instability or thermo–diffusive instability is an intrinsic flame instability that occurs both in premixed flames and in diffusion flames and arises because of the difference in the diffusion coefficient values for the fuel and heat transport, characterized by non-unity values of Lewis numbers. The instability mechanism that arises here is the same as in Turing instability explaining chemical morphogenesis, although the mechanism was first discovered in the context of combustion by Yakov Zeldovich in 1944 to explain the cellular structures appearing in lean hydrogen flames. Quantitative stability theory for premixed flames were developed by Gregory Sivashinsky (1977), Guy Joulin and Paul Clavin (1979) and for diffusion flames by Jong S. Kim and Forman A. Williams (1996,1997).

Turing pattern
The Turing pattern is a concept introduced by English mathematician Alan Turing in a 1952 paper titled "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis", which describes how patterns in nature, such as stripes and spots, can arise naturally and autonomously from a homogeneous, uniform state. The pattern arises due to Turing instability, which in turn arises due to the interplay between differential diffusion of chemical species and chemical reaction. The instability mechanism is surprising because a pure diffusion, such as molecular diffusion, would be expected to have a stabilizing influence on the system (i.e., complete mixing).
K-66 (Kansas highway)
K-66 is a 5.527-mile-long (8.895 km) east–west state highway in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Kansas. Its western terminus is at U.S. Route 69 Alternate (US-69 Alt.) and US-400 in Riverton. Its eastern terminus is at the Missouri state line near Galena (where it continues as Missouri Route 66). This road is noteworthy in the fact that it used to be part of the famed US-66. After 1961, the nearby Interstate 44 (I-44) offered a more direct route between Missouri and Oklahoma. In 1985, US-66 was decommissioned nationally. Kansas replaced the US-66 designation with K-66 on the portion of historic highway not numbered as US-69 Alt.

Riverton, Kansas
Riverton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cherokee County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 771.  It is located at the junction of K-66, U.S. Route 69 Alternate (US 69 Alt.), and US 400, near the Spring River. Baxter Springs is considered part of the Joplin, Missouri, metropolitan area.
Yuzuki no Kimi
Yuzuki no Kimi (弓月君) also known as Yuzuki no Ō (弓月王) or simply as Yuzuki (弓月), was the legendary founder of the Hata clan, an immigrant clan in ancient Japan who hailed from the kingdom of Paekche according to the Nihon Shoki and the Shinsen Shōjiroku.

He is considered one of the three most influential Toraijins alongside Achi no Omi and Wani during the Kofun period.

Toraijin
Toraijin (Japanese: 渡来人, とらいじん) refers to the people who migrated to the Japan archipelago from the continent in ancient times, as well as their descendants. Up until the 1960s, these people were commonly called the "Kikajin (Japanese: 帰化人, きかじん)", meaning "naturalized people", but beginning in the 1970s, the term was replaced by "Toraijin", meaning "people who have crossed over" as not all those who came to Japan became naturalized.

They arrived in Japan as early as the Jōmon period or Yayoi period, and their arrival became more significant from the end of the 4th century (Kofun period) to the late 7th century (Asuka period). During these periods, they introduced Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese characters (Kanbun/Kanji), medicine, lunar calendar, and cultural practices such as Sue ware production and weaving to Japan. They were favored by the Yamato Imperial Court, and many were appointed to government positions.
Nepton River (Chibougamau Lake)
The Nepton River is a tributary of Chibougamau Lake, flowing into the Municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay, in Jamésie, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The course of the river flows entirely into McCorkill Township.

The hydrographic slope of the Nepton River is accessible by a forest road serving the eastern side of Chibougamau Lake; the latter is connected by the North to route 167 which also serves the south side of Waconichi Lake and the Waconichi River. This last road comes from Chibougamau, going north-east to the south-eastern part of Mistassini Lake.

The surface of the Nepton River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice movement is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Chibougamau Lake
Chibougamau Lake is a freshwater body of the municipality of Chibougamau, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

The surface of Chibougamau Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.
Jose K. Mani
Jose Karingozhackal Mani (born 29 May 1965) is an Indian politician and MP (Rajya Sabha) and former MP (Lok Sabha) from Kerala. He is the son of veteran politician K. M. Mani and the Chairman of Kerala Congress (M).

Kerala Congress (M)
Kerala Congress (M) or Kerala Congress (Mani) is a state-level political party in the Indian state of Kerala, currently led by chairman Jose K. Mani. It was founded by K. M. Mani in 1979, after a split from the Kerala Congress. They are part of the Left Democratic Front since October 2020.
Conservatorship of Wendland
In 2001, in the case Conservatorship of Wendland, also known as Wendland v. Wendland, and the Robert Wendland case, the Supreme Court of California unanimously ruled that Rose Wendland, the wife of Robert Wendland, in the absence of a durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC), did not have the authority to withhold artificial nutrition and hydration in her husband's behalf.
The Court recognized that patients unable to make a decision for themselves should receive special protection according to the right to life and right to privacy provided by the California constitution.

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
Spoil tip in Tarnowskie Góry
The spoil tip (Polish: hałda popłuczkowa) in Tarnowskie Góry, Poland, was formed from the accumulation of dolomite waste during the peak of lead, silver, and zinc ore extraction at the Royal Friedrich Mine (German: Königliche Friedrichsgrube) in Bobrowniki (now part of Tarnowskie Góry).

Since 2006, the site has been protected as part of the Hałda Popłuczkowa culture park, which is listed in the municipal registry of historical sites in Tarnowskie Góry, covering an area of 6.77 hectares. In 2017, the spoil tip, along with 27 other sites, was included on the UNESCO lists of World Heritage Sites.

Tarnowskie Góry
Tarnowskie Góry (Polish: [tarˈnɔfskjɛ ˈɡurɨ] ⓘ; German: Tarnowitz; Silesian: Tarnowske Gōry) is a city in Silesia, southern Poland, located in the Silesian Highlands near Katowice and seat city of Tarnowskie Góry County Located in the north of the Metropolis GZM, a megalopolis, the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the town is 61,842 (2021) making it one of the biggest towns in Poland. As of 1999, it is part of Silesian Voivodeship, previously Katowice Voivodeship.

The Historic Silver Mine of Tarnowskie Góry, a UNESCO World Heritage Site is located in the town.
Music City Grand Prix
The Music City Grand Prix, known as the Big Machine Music City Grand Prix for sponsorship reasons, was an IndyCar Series race held at the Nashville Street Circuit in Nashville, Tennessee. The race's most notable feature was its 3,578 ft (1,091 m) straightaway across the Korean War Veterans Memorial Bridge, which spans the Cumberland River. The bridge layout made the track the only one on the IndyCar circuit and one of the few in the world to cross a significant body of water. Marcus Ericsson won the inaugural event in 2021. The Grand Prix was set to host the season finale from 2024 onwards but was instead moved to the Nashville Superspeedway.

Korean War Veterans Memorial Bridge
The Korean War Veterans Memorial Bridge, formerly known as Gateway Bridge, is a vehicular bridge that carries Korean Veterans Boulevard over the Cumberland River in Nashville, within the U.S. state of Tennessee.
Omolade
Ọmọladé audioⓘis a Yoruba given name and a surname. It is a unisex name of Yoruba origin, which means "The child is the crown.". The name Ọmọladé is common among the royal families but now it is a general name.  The diminutive forms are Moladé or Ladé.

Molade
Mọladé is a Yoruba given name and a surname. It is a unisex name of Yoruba origin, which means "The child is crown.". The name Mọladé is common among the royal families but now, it is a general name. The diminutive forms are Ọmọladé or Ladé.
Raeesah Khan
Raeesah Begum binte Farid Khan (born 10 November 1993) is a Singaporean social activist and former politician. A former member of the opposition Workers' Party (WP), she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Compassvale division of Sengkang Group Representation Constituency (GRC) between 2020 and 2021.

Raeesah resigned from the WP on 30 November 2021 after she admitted to repeatedly lying in Parliament on multiple occasions.

Sengkang Group Representation Constituency
The Sengkang Group Representation Constituency is a four-member group representation constituency (GRC) in north-eastern Singapore. It has four divisions: Anchorvale, Buangkok, Compassvale and Rivervale, managed by Sengkang Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency are Abdul Muhaimin, Louis Chua, He Ting Ru and Jamus Lim from the Workers' Party (WP).
N2Deep
N2Deep is an American Chicano rap duo formed in Vallejo, California in 1989. Consisting of James "Jay Tee" Trujillo and Timothy "TL" Lyon, they are best known for the 1992 hit single "Back to the Hotel", the title track of their debut album. Early third member John "Johnny Z" Zunino officially left the group as a performing member in its first year to focus exclusively on production and related behind-the-scenes responsibilities.

Jay Tee
James Trujillo, better known by his stage name Jay Tee, is an American rapper from Vallejo, California. He has been a part of the city's scene since the early 1990s as the lead member of N2Deep and Latino Velvet along with Baby Beesh. Even though N2Deep's 2000 album Slightly Pimpish/Mostly Doggish was a solo album, it was not until 2001 that Jay Tee released a solo album under his own name, So Cold.

Latino Velvet was originally composed of Jay Tee and Baby Beesh in 1997 on the album Latino Velvet Project.  Although the album featured several tracks with Frost and Don Cisco, it was not until 2000 that they were featured on the cover with equal billing to Jay Tee and Baby Beesh. Velvet City featured several west coast artists including: E-40, Levitti, Rappin' 4-Tay, Bosko, Cool Nutz and the Mary Jane Girls.

Jay Tee is the founder and owner of 40 Ounce Records. Jay Tee has remained an underground presence in The Bay Area since his debut almost two decades ago.
Segway polo
Segway polo is a team sport which started to gain some measure of popularity after being played by members of the Bay Area Segway Enthusiasts Group (Bay Area SEG) in 2004. The Bay Area SEG was not the first to play polo on a Segway HT; a team sponsored by Mobile Entertainment played in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome at a Minnesota Vikings halftime show in 2003 although the Bay Area SEG members were not aware of this match at the time they first played the sport. Segway polo was developed as it is played today by the members of the Bay Area SEG and other groups and teams that have joined subsequently.

Cycle polo
Cycle polo, bicycle polo, or bike polo (polo-vélo in French; Radpolo in German) is a team sport, similar to traditional polo, except that bicycles are used instead of horses. There are two versions of the sport: Hardcourt Bike Polo and grass court bike polo. The hardcourt game saw a sharp spike in interest in the first decade of the 21st century and new teams are sprouting up all across the world.
Giulești
Giulești (Romanian pronunciation: [dʒjuˈleʃtʲ]) is a neighbourhood in northwestern Bucharest, located in Sector 6. The Giulești Stadium, Giulești Theatre, Podul Grant are located in Giulești. Also, the Grivița Railway Yards and Lacul Morii are located nearby.

Rapid-Giulești Stadium
The Rapid-Giulești Stadium, known as Superbet Arena-Giulești for sponsorship reasons, is a football-specific stadium located in the Giulești neighbourhood of Bucharest, Romania. It has been home to Liga I club Rapid București since its opening in March 2022, and has a capacity of 14,047 people.

Rapid-Giulești cost €67 million and replaced the original Giulești-Valentin Stănescu Stadium. It hosted the 2022 Cupa României Final.

In November 2022, the naming rights of the stadium were sold to betting company Superbet for a period of five years.
Brooks Koepka
Brooks Koepka (/ˈkɛpkə/ KEP-kə; born May 3, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He is a former world number one in the Official World Golf Ranking. Koepka has won five major championships.

After playing collegiately for the Florida State Seminoles, Koepka turned professional in 2012 and achieved a three-win promotion on the Challenge Tour in 2013, which secured status on the European Tour. He won his first European Tour title at the Turkish Airlines Open in 2014 and his first PGA Tour title at the Phoenix Open in 2015.

Koepka won his first major championship at the 2017 U.S. Open, which spearheaded a streak of major victories. He defended his title at the 2018 U.S. Open, and won both the 2018 and 2019 PGA Championship. In 2022, Koepka joined LIV Golf. In the following years, he won multiple LIV Golf events and added his fifth major championship at the 2023 PGA Championship. He left the LIV Golf League and returned to the PGA Tour in 2026.

Florida State Seminoles men's golf
The Florida State Seminoles men's golf team represents Florida State University (variously Florida State or FSU) in the sport of golf. The Seminoles compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). They play their home matches on the Don A. Veller Seminole Golf Course on the university's Tallahassee, Florida campus, and are currently led by head coach Trey Jones.

Some notable alumni of the program are Paul Azinger, Hubert Green, Jeff Sluman, George McNeill, Jonas Blixt, Daniel Berger, and Brooks Koepka.
A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien is a 2014 book edited by Stuart D. Lee and published by Wiley-Blackwell. It is a part of the Blackwell Companions to Literature series, which have been described as prestigious reference works, and features authors well known in the field of Tolkien studies.

Reviewers praised the book as a careful work and a valuable guide to the topic area. Andrew Higgins writing for the Journal of Tolkien Research noted the distinguished line-up of scholarly contributors, and called it "joyous indeed" that Tolkien had finally attained acceptance by the literary establishment as measured by having a Blackwell Companion to his name.

Stuart D. Lee
Stuart Dermot Lee (born 3 February 1966) is a British specialist in information technology at Oxford University Computing Services and a Reader in E-learning at Oxford University, but is best known for his scholarly books on J. R. R. Tolkien. He has written several plays, two of which won Oxford Playhouse new writing awards.
2019 Moscow City Duma election
Election to the 7th convocation of the Moscow City Duma took place on the United Voting Day on 8 September 2019. The elections were held under first-past-the-post voting system, which saw 45 deputies being elected in their respective single-member districts amidst the 2019 Moscow protests, which saw huge rallies in support of independent opposition candidates. The term of the new Duma will be five years.

Moscow City Duma
55°45′52″N 37°37′02″E﻿ / ﻿55.764503°N 37.61722°E﻿ / 55.764503; 37.61722

The Moscow City Duma (Russian: Московская городская дума, romanized: Moskovskaya gorodskaya duma, commonly abbreviated to Мосгордума, Mosgorduma) is the regional parliament (city duma) of Moscow, a federal subject and the capital city of Russia. As Moscow is one of three federal cities, the city duma's legislation can only be overridden by the mayor and the federal government.
South African Class 34-500
The South African Railways Class 34-500 of 1974 is a diesel-electric locomotive.

Between 1974 and 1977, the state-owned South African Iron and Steel Corporation placed forty-four General Electric type U26C diesel-electric locomotives in service. They were employed on Iscor's 1974-built Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line and as heavy shunters at the Sishen mine. In 1977, another two locomotives were built for the Douglas Colliery near Witbank. Also in 1977, thirty-nine of the Iscor locomotives were transferred to the South African Railways where they were initially designated "Class 34-400 ex Iscor" and later became commonly known as Class 34-500.

South African Class 34-000
The South African Railways Class 34-000 of 1971 is a diesel-electric locomotive.

Between July 1971 and March 1973, the South African Railways placed 125 Class 34-000 General Electric type U26C diesel-electric locomotives in service.
Polynesian (custom car)
Polynesian is a customized 1950 Oldsmobile Holiday 88 built by Neil Emory and Clayton Jensen at Valley Custom Shop. It was built at the request of original owner Jack Stewart in 1952. Inspired by Ron Dunn's sectioned '50 Ford, the car and its design were featured and described in multiple magazines over the 1950s.

Custom car
A custom car is a passenger vehicle that has been altered to improve its performance, change its aesthetics, or both. Some automotive enthusiasts in the United States want to push "styling and performance a step beyond the showroom floor - to truly craft an automobile of one's own." A custom car in British usage, according to Collins English Dictionary, is built to the buyer's own specifications.

Custom cars are not to be confused with coachbuilt automobiles, historically rolling chassis fitted with luxury bodywork by specialty auto body builders.
Battle of Shanhai Pass
The Battle of Shanhai Pass, fought on May 27, 1644 at Shanhai Pass at the eastern end of the Great Wall, was a decisive battle leading to the beginning of the Qing dynasty rule in China proper. There, the Qing prince-regent Dorgon allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui to defeat peasant rebel leader Li Zicheng, founder of the short-lived Shun dynasty, allowing Dorgon and the Qing army to rapidly conquer Beijing.

Li Zicheng
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known as the  Thunder King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who helped overthrow the Ming dynasty in April 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the Yongchang Emperor (Chinese: 永昌帝; pinyin: Yǒngchāng Dì) of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.
Mansinhji II
HH Maharana Raj Mansinhji II Ranmalsinhji Sahib Bahadur, KCSI, was the 42nd ruler of Jhalavad from 1869 to 1900. He was granted a personal salute of 15-guns during his reign. He was succeeded by his grandson Ajitsinhji.

Ajitsinhji
HH Maharana Raj Ajitsinhji Jaswantsinhji Sahib Bahadur, KCSI, was the 43rd ruler of Jhalavad from 1900 to 1911. He succeeded his Grandfather Maharana Raj Mansinhji II Sahib Bahadur. Ajit Niwas Palace was built during his reign.
Rotberger
Rotberger is a wine grape variety. Its parentage is not known with certainty but it is thought to be from a cross of Trollinger and Riesling grapes. Dr. Heinrich Birk (1898-1973) produced the cross at the Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute in 1928. It is used to produce fruity, early maturing light red wines in cool-climate areas. It is often best drunk when young and can be used to produce a rosé or sparkling wine. It has no relationship with the Rotburger variety bearing a nearly similar name which is also known as Zweigelt.

Production of rotberger is quite small and primarily limited to Austria, Canada, Germany, and Liechtenstein.

Zweigelt
The Zweigelt (German: [ˈt͡svaɪ̯ɡl̩t] ⓘ), also known as Rotburger, is an Austrian hybrid grape variety created in 1922 by Friedrich Zweigelt (1888–1964), who later became Director of the Federal Institute and Experimental Station of Viticulture, Fruit Production and Horticulture (1938–1945). Zweigelt is a crossing between the St. Laurent and Blaufränkisch grape varieties.
Diocese of Lake Charles
The Diocese of Lake Charles (Latin: Dioecesis Lacus Carolini), is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in southwestern Louisiana in the United States. It is a suffragan see of the metropolitan Archdiocese of New Orleans.

The Diocese of Lake Charles includes the civil parishes of Allen, Beauregard, Calcasieu, Cameron, and Jefferson Davis. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Lake Charles is its cathedral church, and Glen John Provost is the current bishop.

Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Lake Charles, Louisiana)
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic cathedral located in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Lake Charles. Immaculate Conception Parish was established in 1869, and it became a cathedral in 1980. The church building, rectory, and a garage are listed together on the National Register of Historic Places.

The cathedral church enshrines a century-old image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception made of Carrara marble. The venerated image was granted a Canonical coronation by Pope Benedict XVI via Pontifical decree signed in 2012. The coronation was presided by Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, Apostolic Nuncio to the United States, on August 22, 2013. A full church renovation project was completed in 2019.
Russula adusta
Russula adusta, commonly known as the blackening brittlegill or blackening russula, is a species of gilled mushroom. It is a member of the Russula subgenus Compactae. The cap is brown to gray and somewhat shiny, with a mild taste and, reportedly, an odor of empty wine barrels. It has a propensity to turn black from cutting or bruising and has white spores. Similar species include Russula albonigra and R. densifolia.

Russula adusta is found in woodlands of Europe and North America, growing under conifers.

Russula
Russula is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of fungi. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796.

The mushrooms are fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus Lactarius have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken.

The ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are typically common. Although some species are toxic, a number of others are edible.