hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spades (card game)
Spades is a trick-taking card game devised in the United States in the 1930s. It can be played as either a partnership or solo/"cutthroat" game. The object is to take the number of tricks that were bid before play of the hand began. Spades is a descendant of the whist family of card games, which also includes bridge, hearts, and oh hell. Its major difference as compared to other whist variants is that, instead of trump being decided by the highest bidder or at random, the spade suit always trumps, hence the name.

Hearts (card game)
Hearts is an "evasion-type" trick-taking playing card game for four players, although most variations can accommodate between three and six players. It was first recorded in the United States in the 1880s and has many variants, some of which are also referred to as "Hearts", especially the games of Black Lady and Black Maria. The game is a member of the Whist group of trick-taking games (which also includes Bridge and Spades), but is unusual among Whist variants in that it is a trick-avoidance game; players avoid winning certain penalty cards in tricks, usually by avoiding winning tricks altogether. The original game of Hearts is still current, but it has been overtaken in popularity by Black Lady in the United States and Black Maria in Great Britain, respectively.
Khufu's Wisdom
Khufu's Wisdom (Arabic: حكمة خوفو, romanized: Hikmat Khufu) is the first novel by the Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz. It was originally published in 1939 in Arabic by Salama Moussa, who renamed it 'Abath al-Aqdar (Arabic: عبث الأقدار, lit. 'The Absurdity of Fate'), as a separate issue of the magazine Al Majalla Al Jadida.

It is Mahfouz's first novel and the first of what would later be referred to as his pharaonic trilogy, which also includes Rhadopis and Thebes at War.

Thebes at War
Thebes at War (Kefah Teba; Arabic: كفاح طيبة) is an early novel by the Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz. It was originally published in Arabic in 1944. An English translation by Humphrey Davies appeared in 2003. The novel is one of several that Mahfouz wrote at the beginning of his career, with Pharaonic Egypt as their setting. Others in this series of novels include Khufu's Wisdom (1939) and Rhadopis of Nubia (1943). All have been translated into English and appeared in one volume under the title Three Novels of Ancient Egypt (Everyman's Library, 2007).
HM Customs and Excise
HM Customs and Excise (HMCE, properly known as Her Majesty's Customs and Excise at the time of its dissolution in 2005) was a department of the British Government formed in 1909 by the merger of HM Customs and HM Excise; its primary responsibility was the collection of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes.

Payments of customs dues have occurred in Britain for over one thousand years, and HMCE was formed from predecessor bodies with a long history.

With effect from 18 April 2005, HMCE merged with the Inland Revenue (which administered and collected direct taxes) to form a new department: HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
John Jones (martyr)
John Jones O.F.M (c. 1530 - 12 July 1598), also known as John Buckley, John Griffith, Godfrey Maurice (in religion), or Griffith Jones, was a Franciscan priest and martyr. He was born at Clynnog Fawr, Caernarfonshire (Gwynedd), Wales, and was executed 12 July 1598 at Southwark, England.  He is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales or Cuthbert Mayne and Thirty-Nine Companion Martyrs are a group of Catholic, lay and religious, men and women, executed between 1535 and 1679 for treason and related offences under various laws enacted by Parliament during the English Reformation. The individuals listed range from Carthusian monks who in 1535 declined to accept Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy, to seminary priests who were caught up in the alleged Popish Plot against Charles II in 1679. Many were sentenced to death at show trials, or with no trial at all.
East Tennessee Blues
East Tennessee Blues is an American old-time fiddle song, which dates back to the early 20th century.

Written by Charlie Bowman (born in Gray Station, in East Tennessee), it was first recorded by Al Hopkins, (aka The Hill Billies) in 1926.  Well-known bluegrass artists, such as Bill Monroe, Doc Watson, and Tommy Jackson have released versions of the song.  A mainstay of bluegrass music, the song continues to be performed by singers such as Sierra Hull and the Steep Canyon Rangers, as well as the East Tennessee State University Bluegrass Pride Band.

Music of East Tennessee
The Music of East Tennessee has a rich history, and played a major role in the development of modern country and bluegrass music. Bristol, known as "the birthplace of country music", (and home of the Birthplace of Country Music Museum), and Johnson City, notable for the Johnson City recording sessions, are both towns in the Tri-Cities region of East Tennessee. The music of East Tennessee is defined by country, gospel, and bluegrass artists, and has roots in Appalachian folk music.
Tomáš Baťa
Tomáš Baťa (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈbaca]) (3 April 1876 – 12 July 1932) was a Czech entrepreneur and founder of the Bata shoe company. His career was cut short when he died in a  plane accident due to bad weather.

Baťa's half-brother Jan Antonín Baťa took over his company, expanding it during the Great Depression. World War II resulted in much destruction of the business. After Communist governments were established in Czechoslovakia and other nations of Eastern Europe, they nationalized the Baťa enterprises, taking over the company group.

Tomáš's son Thomas J. Bata rebuilt and expanded shoe manufacturing in the company name after moving to Canada in 1939, at the time of the Nazi invasion and annexation of Czechoslovakia.

Thomas J. Bata
Tomáš Jan Baťa, CC (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ jan ˈbaca]; anglicised to Thomas J. Bata; September 17, 1914 – September 1, 2008), also known as Thomas Bata Jr. and Tomáš Baťa ml., was a Czech-Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He ran the Bata Shoe Company from the 1940s until the 80s.
Chrysaora chesapeakei
Chrysaora chesapeakei is a sea nettle from the family Pelagiidae. It was shown to be a distinct species from Chrysaora quinquecirrha in 2017. Since then, it is also commonly known as the bay nettle. It is found mainly in estuaries of the eastern coast of the U.S.A and is especially known from the Chesapeake Bay, but can also be found in the open Gulf of Mexico.

Chrysaora quinquecirrha
The Atlantic sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha), also called the East Coast sea nettle in the United States, is a species of jellyfish that inhabits the Atlantic coast of the United States. Historically it was confused with several Chrysaora species, resulting in incorrect reports of C. quinquecirrha from other parts of the Atlantic and other oceans. Most recently, C. chesapeakei of estuaries on the Atlantic coast of the United States, as well as the Gulf of Mexico, was only fully recognized as separate from C. quinquecirrha in 2017. It is smaller than the Pacific sea nettle, and has more variable coloration, but is typically pale, pinkish or yellowish, often with radiating more deeply colored stripes on the exumbrella, especially near the margin.
Operation Ghazi
Operation Ghazi was a joint military offensive by the Pakistani Taliban and allied militant groups including Jamaat-ul-Ahrar and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.

The offensive began with a suicide bombing at the Mall in Lahore in which 12 civilians and six police officers were killed.

February 2017 Lahore suicide bombing
On 13 February 2017, a suicide bombing took place on the Mall Road in Lahore, Pakistan, where a group of chemists and pharmacists were holding a protest at Charing Cross in front of the Punjab provincial assembly. According to Punjab Police sources, 18 people were killed, including several police officials, and at least 87 were injured.

Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, a faction of the banned Tehrik-i-Taliban (TTP), claimed responsibility for the attack. Local authorities cordoned off the site to begin investigations. According to Pakistani authorities, the attack was orchestrated from Afghanistan, where the militant group operates sanctuaries. On 23 February, Pakistani security forces killed the mastermind of the attack, Wajihullah, near the Afghan border following the launch of Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad.
Rowe Cup
The Rowe Cup is a race held annually at Alexandra Park, Auckland, New Zealand for standardbred horses.

The Rowe Cup is run over a distance of 3200 m. Along with the Dominion Handicap raced at Addington Raceway it is one of the major harness races for trotters rather than pacers.

The Rowe Cup is currently held in early May on the same night as the Roy Purdon Memorial Handicap (Group 1) for pacers. Previously it was held later in May on the same night as the Auckland Cup and Northern Trotting Derby for 3 year old trotters. In 2024 Australian visitors Greg Sugars and Jess Tubbs won both Cups with Just Believe and Better Eclipse.

Between 1918 and 1971 it was raced in December.

Dominion (harness race)
The Dominion is a horse race held at the Addington Raceway each year in Christchurch, New Zealand for standardbred trotters.

The race is run in November over a distance of 3200m on the Friday of New Zealand Cup week.  It is on the same day as the New Zealand Free For All.

It is one of the major harness races for trotters rather than pacers, and is considered to be the trotter's equivalent of the New Zealand Trotting Cup. Another similar race is the Rowe Cup races at Alexandra Park, Auckland.
Václav Klement
Václav Klement (16 October 1868 – 13 August 1938) was a Czech entrepreneur, industrialist and automotive pioneer. He, along with Václav Laurin, founded automobile manufacturer Laurin & Klement that later became Škoda Auto, the largest Czech company.

Václav Laurin
Václav Laurin (27 September 1865 – 3 December 1930) was a Czech engineer, industrialist and automotive pioneer. He, along with Václav Klement, founded automobile manufacturer Laurin & Klement that later became Škoda Auto, the largest Czech company.
Massacre of Verden
The Massacre of Verden was an event during the Saxon Wars where the Frankish king Charlemagne ordered the death of 4,500 Saxons in October 782. Charlemagne claimed suzerainty over Saxony and in 772 destroyed the Irminsul, an important object in Saxon paganism, during his intermittent thirty-year campaign to Christianize the Saxons. The massacre occurred in Verden in what is now Lower Saxony, Germany. The event is attested in contemporary Frankish sources, including the Royal Frankish Annals.

Beginning in the 870s, some scholars have attempted to exonerate Charlemagne of the massacre by way of a proposed manuscript error but these attempts have since been generally rejected. While the figure of 4,500 victims has generally been accepted, some scholars regard it as an exaggeration.

Saxon Wars
The Saxon Wars were 32 years of campaigns and insurrections from 772, when Charlemagne first entered Saxony with the intent to conquer, to 804 when the last rebellion of tribesmen was defeated. In all, 18 campaigns were fought, primarily in what is now northern Germany. They resulted in the incorporation of Saxony into the Frankish realm and their forcible conversion from Germanic paganism to Christianity.

The Saxons were divided into four subgroups in four regions. Nearest to the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia was Westphalia, and farthest was Eastphalia. In between the two kingdoms was Engria (or Engern), and to the north at the base of the Jutland peninsula was Nordalbingia. Despite repeated setbacks, the Saxons resisted steadfastly, returning to raid Charlemagne's domains as soon as he turned his attention elsewhere. Their main leader Widukind was a resilient and resourceful opponent, but he was defeated and baptized in 785.
Second Fraser ministry
The second Fraser ministry (Liberal–National Country coalition) was the 51st ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 22nd Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser. The second Fraser ministry succeeded the first Fraser ministry, which dissolved on 22 December 1975 following the federal election that took place on 13 December. The ministry was replaced by the third Fraser ministry on 20 December 1977 following the 1977 federal election.

As of 1 May 2025, Ian Sinclair is the last surviving member of the Cabinet of the second Fraser ministry. Tony Street was the last surviving Liberal cabinet member.

Third Fraser ministry
The third Fraser ministry (Liberal–National Country coalition) was the 52nd ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 22nd Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser. The third Fraser ministry succeeded the second Fraser ministry, which dissolved on 20 December 1977 following the federal election that took place on 10 December. The ministry was replaced by the fourth Fraser ministry on 3 November 1980 following the 1980 federal election.

As of 1 May 2025, John Howard and Ian Viner are the last surviving Liberal members of the Cabinet of the third Fraser ministry, while Ian Sinclair is the last surviving NCP member.
1987 Defender Selection Series
The 1987 Defender Selection Series was raced between four syndicates competing for the right to represent the Royal Perth Yacht Club as the defender of the America's Cup. Kookaburra III won the series and advanced to the 1987 America's Cup. However, they failed to defend the cup from the challenge of Stars & Stripes 87.

Kookaburra III
Kookaburra III (KA 15) was the Australian 12 Metre yacht sailed by Iain Murray in the 1987 America's Cup held off of Fremantle, Western Australia. Murray won the Defender Selection and Kookaburra III represented Australia in the America's Cup, where she lost to American challenger Dennis Conner sailing Stars & Stripes 87.
Coconut Creek, Florida
Coconut Creek is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. Situated 37 miles (60 km) north of Miami, it had an estimated population of 57,348 in 2022. It is part of South Florida's Fort Lauderdale metropolitan area. The city seceded from Pompano Beach in the 1960s. It is nicknamed "Butterfly Capital of the World" because it is home to Butterfly World, the world's largest butterfly aviary, with over 80 species and 20,000 individual butterflies.

Pompano Beach, Florida
Pompano Beach (/ˈpɒmpənoʊ/ POM-pə-noh) is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, just north of Fort Lauderdale and 36 miles north of Miami. The nearby Hillsboro Inlet forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to 6.14 million people in 2020. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,046, making it the sixth-largest city in Broward County, the ninth-largest city in the South Florida metropolitan area, and the 20th-largest city in Florida.

Pompano Beach Airpark, located within the city, is the home of the Goodyear Blimp Spirit of Innovation.
Mark Lane tube station
Mark Lane is a disused station on the London Underground. It was served by the Circle and District lines.

In 1946 it was renamed Tower Hill. It was closed in 1967 and the present Tower Hill station was opened as its replacement, located on the same site as the Tower of London station station that had closed in 1884.

It was named after Mark Lane, the street on which it is located, slightly west of the current Tower Hill station that replaced it in 1967.

Tower Hill tube station
Tower Hill is a London Underground station in Tower Hill in the East End of London. It is served by the Circle and District lines, and is in London fare zone 1. The station is a short distance from Tower Gateway station for the Docklands Light Railway, Fenchurch Street station for National Rail mainline services, and Tower Millennium Pier for River Services.

On the Circle line, the station is between Aldgate and Monument stations. On the District line, it is between Monument and Aldgate East stations.

The station was built on the site of the former Tower of London station that closed in 1884. The present Tower Hill station opened in 1967 and replaced a nearby station with the same name but which was originally called Mark Lane, that was slightly to the west.
Anson Branch
The Anson Branch is a short canal in the West Midlands, England. It runs for just over one mile from its junction with the Walsall Canal near Forster's bridge. It forms part of the Birmingham Canal Navigations.

The canal is only partially watered and is no longer navigable. It formerly connected with the now defunct Bentley Canal which, in turn, connected with the Wyrley and Essington Canal. The canal has no locks.

Wyrley and Essington Canal
The Wyrley and Essington Canal, known locally as "the Curly Wyrley", is a canal in the English Midlands. As built it ran from Wolverhampton to Huddlesford Junction near Lichfield, with a number of branches: some parts are currently derelict. Pending planned restoration to Huddlesford, the navigable mainline now terminates at Ogley Junction near Brownhills. In 2008 it was designated a Local Nature Reserve.
Dresden–Werdau railway
The Dresden–Werdau railway is an electrified, double-track main line in the German state of Saxony. It runs from Dresden via Freiberg, Chemnitz and Zwickau to Werdau wye, where it joins the Leipzig-Hof railway.

The line was opened in several sections and its first section from Werdau to Zwickau was opened 1845, making it one of the oldest railways in Germany. The Dresden–Tharandt section was completed in 1855, the Chemnitz–Zwickau section followed in 1858, the line was extended from Tharandt to Freiberg in 1862 and the section from Chemnitz to Flöha was opened as part of the line to Annaberg in 1866. The entire line was not open until 1869, when the missing section from Freiberg-Flöha was opened. From then on the railway line developed into an important connection. It continues to be an important part of the so-called Saxon-Franconian trunk line (German: Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale) from Dresden to Nuremberg.

Annaberg-Buchholz–Flöha railway
The Annaberg-Buchholz–Flöha railway (German: Bahnstrecke Annaberg-Buchholz unt Bf–Flöha), also called the Zschopau Valley Railway (Zschopautalbahn) is a branch line in the German state of Saxony. It links Annaberg-Buchholz lower station (German: unterer Bahnhof, abbreviated as unt Bf) and the Vejprty–Annaberg-Buchholz railway line to Flöha, running through the Zschopau Valley via Wolkenstein and Zschopau. It has been operated since 2001 by the DB Regio subsidiary Erzgebirgsbahn.
Stony Brook University Track
40°55′12″N 73°07′35″W﻿ / ﻿40.920136°N 73.126364°W﻿ / 40.920136; -73.126364
The Stony Brook University Track is the track/field at Stony Brook University serving as the home of the Stony Brook Seawolves men's and women's Track & Field Division I program. The Track and Field is located in the west campus and limited to the east by the Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium, to the west by Circle Road, to the south by Stony Brook Sports Complex and the recreational basketball and handball courts, and limited to the north by the intramural baseball and soccer fields.

Stony Brook Seawolves
The Stony Brook Seawolves are the intercollegiate athletics teams that represent Stony Brook University (SBU) in Stony Brook, New York. The Seawolves play as members of the Coastal Athletic Association (formerly known as the Colonial Athletic Association), which competes at the NCAA Division I level. Stony Brook had previously been a part of the America East Conference from 2001 to 2022, though has competed in CAA Football since 2013. The university's mascot is Wolfie the Seawolf, and the official colors of the Seawolves are red, grey, and blue.

The Seawolves currently field 18 varsity sports, including football and baseball for men only; softball, swimming and diving, tennis, and volleyball for women only; and basketball, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, and track and field for both genders. The most recent change to Stony Brook's roster of varsity sports was the discontinuation of men's tennis at the end of the 2016–17 school year.
Bigfoot Family
Bigfoot Family is a 2020 animated fantasy adventure comedy film directed by Ben Stassen and Jeremy Degruson, and written by Bob Barlen and Cal Brunker. An English-language Belgian-French co-production, it is the sequel to the 2017 film The Son of Bigfoot. In the film, Bigfoot has become famous after returning home and uses his fame to fight an oil company. When he disappears without a trace, it is up to Adam, his mother, and their animal friends to rescue him. It premiered at the 2020 Annecy International Animation Film Festival, before releasing in France and Belgium on 5 August 2020.

The Son of Bigfoot
The Son of Bigfoot (also released internationally in English as Bigfoot Junior) is a 2017 animated fantasy comedy film directed by Ben Stassen and Jeremy Degruson. Written by Bob Barlen and Cal Brunker, based on their own original screenplay Son of Bigfoot, the film follows a teen boy who, after beginning to erupt unusual changes, sets out to find his father, who happens to be Bigfoot and had gone into hiding from a corrupt CEO of a hair company.

Upon release, the film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $47 million worldwide against its $20 million budget. A sequel, titled Bigfoot Family, was released on 5 August 2020.
Johnson County Public Library
The Johnson County Public Library is a public library serving the residents of Johnson County, Kentucky. The library's collection contains 44,236 volumes, serves a population of 23,827, and circulates 120,687 items annually. It is located at 444 Main Street in Paintsville, Kentucky and was established on February 3, 1947. Although the library lacks branch locations, it does operate a daily mobile book service.

Paintsville, Kentucky
Paintsville (locally /ˈpeɪntsvəl/) is a home rule-class city in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. Located along Paint Creek, it is the county seat of Johnson County. The population was 4,312 at the 2020 census.
The Four Ceremonial Occasions
The Four Ceremonial Occasions (Korean: 관혼상제; Hanja: 冠婚喪祭; RR: Gwanhonsangje). The four rites of passage celebrated in this tradition are the coming of age (Gwallye; 관례), marriage (Hollye; 혼례), death, or the funeral rites (Sangrye; 상례), and rites venerating the ancestors (Jerye; 제례). The word Gwanhonsangje an acronym, made of the first letter of each word (gwallye, hollye, sangrye, jerye).

Korean ceremonial food
Traditions of Korean family ceremonies were mainly established during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910), which adopted Confucianism as a state philosophy. As Korean society became Confucianized, the four family ceremonies of Confucian culture (coming-of-age ceremony, wedding, funeral, and ancestral rite; known collectively as 관혼상제; 冠婚喪祭; gwan hon sang je) have developed elaborately, and continue to influence Korean life to the present day. Ceremonial food was an important part of such cultural tradition and developed with variations across different regions and cultures.