hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shmuel Kamenetsky
Shmuel Kamenetsky (born November 12, 1924) is an American Haredi rabbi. He is the co-founder and rosh yeshiva of the Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia. He is also a member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah.

Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah
Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (Hebrew: מועצת גדולי התורה, "Council of great Torah [Sages]") is the supreme rabbinical policy-making council of the Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah movements in Israel; and of Agudath Israel of America in the United States. Members are usually prestigious Roshei Yeshiva (heads of yeshivas) or Hasidic rebbes, who are also usually regarded by many Haredi Jews to be the Gedolim ("great/est") sages of Torah Judaism. Before the Holocaust, it was the supreme authority for the World Agudath Israel in Europe.
Sør-Varanger Municipality
Sør-Varanger (Northern Sami: Máttá-Várjjat; Kven: Etelä-Varenki; Russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер, romanized: Syor-Varánger) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kirkenes. Other settlements in the municipality include the villages of Bjørnevatn, Bugøynes, Elvenes, Grense Jakobselv, Hesseng, Jakobsnes, Neiden, and Sandnes. Located west of the Norway–Russia border, Sør-Varanger is the only Norwegian municipality that shares a land border with Russia, with the only legal border crossing at Storskog.

The 3,971-square-kilometre (1,533 sq mi) municipality is the 6th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Varanger is the 112th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,063. The municipality's population density is 2.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.

There is a Dark-sky park in Pasvik.

Kirkenes
Kirkenes (Norwegian: [ˈçɪ̂rkəneːs] ⓘ), known as Girkonjárga in Northern Sami (pronounced [ˈkir̥ː.ko.ˌɲaːrːka]) and Kirkkoniemi in Kven, is a town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town lies on a peninsula along the Bøkfjorden, an arm of the large Varangerfjorden, and is located just a few kilometres from the Norway–Russia border.

The 2.29-square-kilometre (570-acre) town has a population (2023) of 3,404 and a population density of 1,486 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,850/sq mi). When the neighbouring suburban villages of Hesseng, Skytterhusfjellet, Sandnes and Bjørnevatn are all included with Kirkenes, the urban area reaches a population of almost 8,000.

Although Kirkenes is the Norwegian town closest to the Russian border, the town of Vardø to its north is located further east in Norway.
J. Presper Eckert
John Adam Presper "Pres" Eckert Jr. (April 9, 1919 – June 3, 1995) was an American electrical engineer and computer pioneer. With John Mauchly, he designed the first general-purpose electronic digital computer (ENIAC), presented the first course in computing topics (the Moore School Lectures), founded the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation, and designed the first commercial computer in the U.S., the UNIVAC, which incorporated Eckert's invention of the mercury delay-line memory.

UNIVAC I
The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer for business applications produced in the United States. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC.  Design work was started by their company, Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC), and was completed after the company had been acquired by Remington Rand (which later became part of Sperry, now Unisys). In the years before successor models of the UNIVAC I appeared, the machine was simply known as "the UNIVAC".

The first UNIVAC was accepted by the United States Census Bureau on March 31, 1951, and was dedicated on June 14 that year. The fifth machine (built for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) was used by CBS to predict the result of the 1952 presidential election. With a sample of a mere 5.5% of the voter turnout, it famously predicted an Eisenhower landslide.
Free to Play (film)
Free to Play is a 2014 documentary film by American video game company Valve. The film takes a critical look at the lives of Benedict "hyhy" Lim, Danil "Dendi" Ishutin and Clinton "Fear" Loomis, three professional Defense of the Ancients (DotA) players who participated in the first International, the most lucrative esports tournament at the time. The central focus of the film is how their commitment to DotA had affected their lives and how this debut tournament for the sequel, Dota 2, would bring more meaning to their struggles.

The International (esports)
The International (TI) is an annual esports world championship for the five-on-five video game Dota 2. Produced by the game's developer Valve, it serves as the culminating event of the professional Dota 2 season and currently features 16 teams. The International was first held in Germany at the 2011 Gamescom to promote the game's release. It was then held in Seattle, where Valve is headquartered, until it began to be hosted internationally again starting with The International 2018 in Vancouver.

The tournament's prize pool has been crowdfunded via transactions within the game since 2013, with a quarter of all revenue from it directly going towards it. Internationals have the largest single-tournament prize pool of any esport event, with its largest reaching US$40 million in 2021. The most recent champion is Team Falcons, who won The International 2025, with OG, Team Spirit, and Team Liquid each having won two Internationals since its inception.
Randalls Gold Mine
The Randalls Gold Mine is a gold mine, recently developed, located 36 km east-north-east of Kambalda, Western Australia, near Mount Monger Station.

The mine, alongside the nearby Daisy Milano Gold Mine, is owned by Silver Lake Resources and both are part of their Mount Monger operations, being located in the area of the Mt Monger Station.

South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine
The South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine is a gold mine located south-west of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The mine is sometimes also referred to as "South Kal Mines - New Celebration", being a merger of the former New Celebration Gold Mine and the Jubilee Gold Mine, which were combined in 2002.

The mine is operated by Northern Star Resources, who purchased it from Westgold in 2018 for A$80 million.

The mine is located on freehold land allocated for pastoral use by the Government of Western Australia in the late 1800s and is therefore not subject to state royalties, and exempt from certain planning and mining requirements.
Special Forces Support Group
The Special Forces Support Group (SFSG) is a special forces support unit of the British Armed Forces. The SFSG was formed officially on 3 April 2006 to provide support to the Special Air Service, the Special Boat Service and the Special Reconnaissance Regiment on operations. It is a tri-service unit, composed of the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment (1 Para), a company of Royal Marine Commandos (F Coy), and a flight (platoon) from the Royal Air Force Regiment.

The SFSG also acts as the hunter force during the escape and evasion phase of the UKSF Selection; in addition, the SFSG has a rotating company group trained in Counter Terrorism (CT) to support the on-call SAS or SBS squadrons on CT rotation.

RAF Regiment
The Royal Air Force Regiment (RAF Regiment) is part of the Royal Air Force and functions as a specialist corps. Founded by Royal Warrant in 1942, the Corps carries out security tasks relating to the protection of assets and personnel dedicated to the delivery of air power.

RAF Regiment 'Gunners' are personnel trained in various disciplines such as infantry tactics, force protection, field craft, sniper, support to special forces operations, CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) defence, equipped with advanced vehicles and detection measures. RAF Regiment instructors are responsible for training all Royal Air Force personnel in basic force protection such as first aid, weapon handling and CBRN skills.

The regiment and its members are known within the RAF as "The Regiment", "Rock Apes" or "Rocks".
Kimblewick bit
A Kimblewick, Kimberwicke or Kimberwick is a type of bit used on a horse, and named after the English town of Kimblewick where it was first made.  The bit has bit shanks, D-shaped rings, and a curb chain.  Due to its shanks, it is regarded as a type of curb bit.  The curb action is minimal to mild, however, because the shanks have short purchase arms and no lever arms (see Lever).  Some variations increase the curb action.  A Kimblewick is used with one set of reins.

Curb bit
A curb bit is a type of bit used for riding horses that uses lever action. It includes the pelham bit and the Weymouth curb along with the traditional "curb bit" used mainly by Western riders.

Kimblewicks or "Kimberwickes" are modified curb bits, and a curb bit is used in a double bridle along with a bradoon. A curb bit is, in general, more severe than a basic snaffle bit, although there are several factors that are involved in determining a bit's severity.  Liverpool bits are a type of curb bit commonly used for horses in harness.
Harry Wendelstedt
Harry Hunter Wendelstedt Jr. (July 27, 1938 – March 9, 2012) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League from 1966 to 1998. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Wendelstedt umpired in the World Series in 1973, 1980, 1986, 1991 and 1995, serving as crew chief in 1980 and 1995. He also officiated in seven National League Championship Series (1970, 1972, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1988, 1990), four All-Star games (1968, 1976, 1983, 1992), and three National League Division Series (1995, 1996, 1997). He wore uniform number 21.

1988 National League Championship Series
The 1988 National League Championship Series was a best-of seven playoff series in Major League Baseball’s 1988 postseason played between the National League West champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the National League East champion New York Mets. The Dodgers won the Series four games to three, en route to defeating the Oakland Athletics in five games in the 1988 World Series.
Ryan Harrison
Ryan Harrison (born May 7, 1992) is an American former professional tennis player. Harrison won one career ATP title in singles at the 2017 Memphis Open to go along with four in doubles, including the 2017 French Open.

Before turning 16, Harrison was regarded as a prodigy after cracking the top 10 in the junior rankings and becoming one of the youngest players ever to win an ATP match. Although he broke through onto the ATP level by the age of 20, Harrison then fell out of the top 100 for several years. He would return to the top 100 in 2016 after a strong second half of the season that included multiple wins over opponents ranked in the top 20 and his first career appearance in the round of 32 at a Grand Slam. Harrison built on that momentum in 2017 to reach a top-40 career-high ranking in singles after winning his first career ATP title.

2017 French Open
The 2017 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 116th edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 28 May to 11 June and consisted of events for players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events.

Novak Djokovic was the defending champion in the Men's Singles, but he lost in the quarter-finals to Dominic Thiem.
Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion in the Women's Singles, but she lost in the 4th Round to Kristina Mladenovic.

This was the first time since 1974 French Open that both reigning champions of the Australian Open (Serena Williams and Roger Federer) withdrew before the tournament began.
Grit (TV network)
Grit (stylized in all caps as GRIT) is an American free-to-air television network owned by the Scripps Networks subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company. The network features classic Westerns, both TV series and films.

The network is available in many media markets via the digital subchannels of free-to-air television stations and on the digital tiers of select cable providers through a local affiliate of the network.

Originally, Katz sold the network to affiliated TV stations via ad split, but by October 2015 had moved to paying carriage fees in exchange for distributing the network's ad inventory.1 Grit used direct response advertising as a meter of viewers before switching to Nielsen rating C-3.3  It is available on Dish Network, DirecTV Stream, Sling TV, U-verse TV, and Frndly TV.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
St. John the Baptist Parish (SJBP) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, the population was 42,477. The parish seat is Edgard, an unincorporated area, and the largest city is LaPlace, which is also unincorporated.

St. Charles Parish, Louisiana
St. Charles Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Charles) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, its population was 52,549. The parish seat is Hahnville and the most populous community is Luling.

The parish was established in 1807, following the Louisiana Purchase by the United States in 1803. It was originally part of the German Coast, an area along the east bank of the Mississippi River that was settled by numerous German pioneers in the 1720s. This was historically an area of sugarcane plantations, but the energy industry is now the economic base of the parish. St. Charles Parish is split by the Mississippi River and includes territory on both sides of the river, the east and west banks.

St. Charles Parish is included in the New Orleans-Metairie metropolitan statistical area.
Baptist Church in Exeter
The Baptist Church in Exeter, also known as Chestnut Hill Baptist Church, is a historic building located in Exeter, Rhode Island.

The church building was constructed in 1838  in a Greek Revival style. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1978. Mercy Brown, an alleged vampire, was buried in the Chestnut Hill Baptist Church cemetery in 1892 and later exhumed.

Mercy Brown gravestone in Chestnut Hill Baptist Church Cemetery

Grange Hall adjacent to the church

Mercy Brown vampire incident
The Mercy Brown vampire incident occurred in Rhode Island in January 1892. It is one of the best documented cases of the exhumation of a corpse in order to perform rituals to banish an undead manifestation. The incident was part of the wider New England vampire panic.

Several cases of consumption (tuberculosis) occurred in the family of George Thomas (April 1, 1842 - November 17, 1922) and Mary Eliza "Elizabeth" Arnold Brown (October 11, 1847 - December 8, 1883) in Exeter, Rhode Island. Friends and neighbors believed that this was due to the influence of the undead.
Marianne Thyssen
Marianne Leonie Petrus Thyssen (Dutch pronunciation: [maːriˈjɑnə ˈtɛisə(n)]; born 24 July 1956) is a Belgian politician of the Christian Democratic and Flemish Party (CD&V) who served as European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility between 2014 and 2019.

Christian Democratic and Flemish
Christian Democratic and Flemish (Dutch: Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams, pronounced [ˌkrɪstə(n)deːmoːˈkraːtis ɛɱ ˈvlaːms] ⓘ; CD&V) is a Flemish Christian-democratic political party in Belgium. The party has historical ties to both trade unionism (ACV) and trade associations (UNIZO) and the Farmer's League. Until 2001, the party was named the Christian People's Party (Christelijke Volkspartij [ˈkrɪstələkə ˈvɔlkspɑrˌtɛi], CVP).

It was traditionally the largest political party of Flanders, until it was overtaken by the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) in the 2010s. CD&V participated in most governments and has generally the largest number of mayors. Most prime ministers of Belgium and minister-presidents of Flanders have been CD&V politicians. Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the European Council from 2009 to 2014, is one of the leading politicians of CD&V.

CD&V is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and Centrist Democrat International.
Jyutping
The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme, also known as Jyutping, is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed in 1993 by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK).

The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, 粵拼) is a contraction of the official name, and it consists of the first Chinese characters of the terms jyut6 jyu5 (Chinese: 粵語; lit. 'Cantonese language') and ping3 jam1 (Chinese: 拼音; lit. 'phonetic alphabet'; pronounced pīnyīn in Mandarin).

Despite being intended as a system to indicate pronunciation, it has also been employed in writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language—in effect, elevating Jyutping from its assistive status to a written language.

ILE romanization of Cantonese
The Institute of Language in Education Scheme (Chinese: 教院式拼音方案) also known as the List of Cantonese Pronunciation of Commonly-used Chinese Characters romanization scheme (常用字廣州話讀音表), ILE scheme, and Cantonese Pinyin, is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by Ping-Chiu Thomas Yu (Chinese: 余秉昭) in 1971, and subsequently modified by the Education Department of Hong Kong (now the Education Bureau) and Zhan Bohui (詹伯慧) of the Chinese Dialects Research Centre of the Jinan University, Guangdong, PRC, and honorary professor of the School of Chinese, University of Hong Kong. It is the only romanization system accepted by Education and Manpower Bureau of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority.

The Institute of Education in its name refers to the Institute of Language in Education: 487  (語文教育學院: 423 ), which later became part of the Hong Kong Institute of Education, now the Education University of Hong Kong.
2023 Hyderabad ePrix
The 2023 Hyderabad ePrix, known for sponsorships reasons as the 2023 Greenko Hyderabad ePrix, was a Formula E event held at the Hyderabad Street Circuit in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, India on 11 February 2023 as the fourth round of the 2022–23 Formula E World Championship. This was the inaugural running of a Formula E event at the track, as well as the first time an ePrix was held in India. It was also the first motorsport event hosted by the country as part of an FIA-sanctioned World Championship since the 2013 Indian Grand Prix almost a decade prior.

Hyderabad Street Circuit
Hyderabad Street Circuit was a 2.835 km (1.762 mi) street circuit laid out on the streets of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The track was set up in and around the Secretariat Complex and went through Lumbini Park, situated on the banks of Hussain Sagar Lake. The Hyderabad ePrix was staged on the circuit in 2023. It was held as part of the 2022–23 Formula E World Championship season and was the first Formula E race held in the country.
Italian War of 1551–1559
The Italian War of 1551–1559 began when Henry II of France declared war against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, with the intent of recapturing parts of Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. The war ended following the signing of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis between the monarchs of Spain, England and France in 1559. Historians have emphasized the importance of gunpowder technology, new styles of fortification to resist cannon fire, and the increased professionalization of the soldiers.

Battle of Ponza (1552)
The Battle of Ponza (1552) was a naval battle that occurred near the Italian island of Ponza.  The battle was fought between a Franco-Ottoman fleet under Dragut and a Spanish-Genoese fleet commanded by Andrea Doria. The latter were attempting to carry troops to Naples, but were diverted and lost seven galleys captured. The battle made it easier for the Ottoman fleet to raid the coasts of Sicily, Sardinia, and Italy for the next three years.
Duke Stepanovich
Duke Stepanovich (Russian: Дюк Степанович) is a character in Russian byliny. The young bogatyr, who rides through a treacherous mountain pass towards the Kiev, the capital of ancient Rus', to Prince Vladimir. In this image, hungry birds swoop before him, intent on pecking him, while a dragon breathes fire at his horse's hooves.

Bylina
A bylina (Russian: былина, IPA: [bɨˈlʲinə]; pl. былины, byliny), also popularly known as a starina (Russian: старина), is a type of Russian oral epic poem.

Byliny deal with all periods of Russian history. Byliny narratives are loosely based on historical fact, but greatly embellished with fantasy or hyperbole. Byliny originate from the times of Kievan Rus', but had only survived in northern Russia by the time they were collected.

In a strict academic sense, byliny can be defined as a specific verse meter known from certain Russian sung epics, ballads and humorous songs.
Cristopher Moore
Cristopher David Moore, known as Cris Moore, (born March 12, 1968, in New Brunswick, New Jersey) is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and physicist. He is resident faculty at the Santa Fe Institute, and was formerly a full professor at the University of New Mexico. He is an elected Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Mathematical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Mark Newman
Mark Newman FRS is a British physicist and Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, as well as an external faculty member of the Santa Fe Institute.  He is known for his fundamental contributions to the fields of complex systems and complex networks, for which he was awarded the Lagrange Prize in 2014 and the APS Kadanoff Prize in 2024.
Egyptian Labour Corps
The Egyptian Labour Corps (Arabic: فيلق العمل المصري, romanized: faylaq al-ʿamal al-Maṣriyy; also known as the ELC or Labour Corps) was a group of Egyptian labourers who worked for the British Army in Egypt during the First World War. Around half a million men were recruited into the corps between 1914 and 1918. It was formed from Egyptian Fellahin from Upper Egypt. The duties of the labourers in the corps focused on hard labor and logistical work to support the British forces during the war.

Egyptian Camel Transport Corps
The Egyptian Camel Transport Corps (known as the CTC, Camel Corps or Camel Transport) were a group of Egyptian camel drivers who supported the British Army in Egypt during the First World War's Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The workers in the Corps contributed to British military operations in the Sinai desert and in Palestine and Syria by transporting supplies to the troops in extreme geographic and weather conditions.