hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flow (mathematics)
In mathematics, a flow formalizes the idea of the motion of particles in a fluid.  Flows are ubiquitous in science, including engineering and physics. The notion of flow is basic to the study of ordinary differential equations. Informally, a flow may be viewed as a continuous motion of points over time. More formally, a flow is a group action of the real numbers on a set.

The idea of a vector flow, that is, the flow determined by a vector field, occurs in the areas of differential topology, Riemannian geometry and Lie groups. Specific examples of vector flows include the geodesic flow, the Hamiltonian flow, the Ricci flow, the mean curvature flow, and Anosov flows.  Flows may also be defined for systems of random variables and stochastic processes, and occur in the study of ergodic dynamical systems.  The most celebrated of these is perhaps the Bernoulli flow.

Ornstein isomorphism theorem
In mathematics, the Ornstein isomorphism theorem is a deep result in ergodic theory.  It states that if two Bernoulli schemes have the same Kolmogorov entropy, then they are  isomorphic. The result, given by Donald Ornstein in 1970, is important because it states that many systems previously believed to be unrelated are in fact isomorphic; these include all finite stationary stochastic processes, including Markov chains and subshifts of finite type, Anosov flows and Sinai's billiards, ergodic automorphisms of the n-torus, and the continued fraction transform.
Defense News
Defense News is a website and newspaper about the politics, business, and technology of national security published by Sightline Media Group. Founded in 1986, Defense News says it serves an audience of senior military, government, and industry decision-makers throughout the world.

Sightline Media Group
Sightline Media Group, formerly Gannett Government Media and Army Times Publishing Company, is a United States company that publishes newspapers, magazines, websites, and other publications about the U.S. and other militaries.

The company's Military Times group publishes four bimonthly newspapers aimed at current and former U.S. military personnel: Army Times (founded 1940), Navy Times (founded 1951), Air Force Times (founded 1947), and Marine Corps Times (founded 1999). It also publishes Defense News (founded 1986), C4ISRNET, and Federal Times.

Its defunct publications include Armed Forces Journal, founded in 1863, which was the nation's longest-running defense-themed publication until it ceased publication in 2014.
Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminus
Sarai Kale Khan Interstate Bus Terminus (Sarai Kale Khan ISBT), is one of the three Inter State Bus Terminals in Sarai Kale Khan, Delhi. It operates short and long-haul bus services between Delhi and the neighbouring states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.

As part of the Sarai Kale Khan multi-model transport hub located on the Inner Ring Road, the Sarai Kale Khan ISBT facilitates the transfer between the Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminal, Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station, Sarai Kale Khan Nizamuddin metro station, Sarai Kale Khan RRTS Interchange for the Delhi NCR's regional semi-highspeed rail, and the Sarai Kale Khan HSR interchange on the Delhi–Kolkata high-speed rail corridor and Delhi–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor.

Sarai Kale Khan
Sarai Kale Khan is a neighborhood located in the South East Delhi district of Delhi and a major multimodal transport hub offering convenient transportation options, between Delhi Metro’s Pink line, nearby Sarai Kale Khan ISBT, semi-high-speed RRTS station, the planned high-speed rail and the adjacent Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station (one of Delhi's five major railway hubs).
Dopamine (Mila J album)
Dopamine (stylised in all caps) is the debut studio album by American singer Mila J. It was released on April 7, 2017, through Silent Partner Entertainment and November Reign Records. The album is entirely produced by iRich, who also happens to be featured as a vocalist on the track "I Do Love You." The name of the project is inspired by the book This Is Your Brain On Music by Daniel Levitin.

Mila J
Jamila Akiko Aba Chilombo (born November 18, 1982), known professionally as Mila J, is an American R&B singer and rapper. Born and raised in Los Angeles, she is the older sister of R&B singer Jhené Aiko and is known for being in Prince's video for "Diamonds and Pearls" and appearing on tracks by RaRa, IMx, Trey Songz and Omarion. She released several singles in 2006–2009 under the name "Mila J" and then went on a hiatus for a number of years after the shelving of her original debut studio album, Split Personality, before returning as "Japollonia" in 2012 and then reverting to Mila J a year later.

She was signed to Motown from 2013 to 2017 and released two EPs, Made in L.A. (2014) and 213 (2016) while signed to them. In 2017, she released her official debut album, Dopamine. Mila is now an independent artist.
Elliott S. Fisher
Elliott S. Fisher is a health policy researcher and advocate for improving health system performance in the United States. He helped develop the concept of accountable care organizations and championed their adoption by Medicare. The development of the Affordable Care Act was influenced by his research on disparities in healthcare spending and utilization across the United States. He has strongly supported a rapid transition from fee-for-service to pay-for-performance models in the U.S. healthcare industry. He is a tenured faculty member at Dartmouth College, where he teaches in the Masters in Public Health program.

Accountable care organization
An accountable care organization (ACO) is a healthcare organization that ties provider reimbursements to quality metrics and reductions in the cost of care. ACOs in the United States are formed from a group of coordinated health-care practitioners. They use alternative payment models, normally, capitation. The organization is accountable to patients and third-party payers for the quality, appropriateness and efficiency of the health care provided. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, an ACO is "an organization of health care practitioners that agrees to be accountable for the quality, cost, and overall care of Medicare beneficiaries who are enrolled in the traditional fee-for-service program who are assigned to it".
Bell Canyon Park
Bell Canyon Park is a large open-space regional park located in the Simi Hills at the western end of the San Fernando Valley in West Hills, Los Angeles and Bell Canyon, California. Bell Creek, a primary tributary to the Los Angeles River, flows through the park with riparian zone vegetation along its natural banks. The geographic landmark Escorpión Peak (Castle Peak) is high above it to the south in adjacent El Escorpión Park.

West Hills, Los Angeles
West Hills is a neighborhood in the western San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. It is bordered by mountain ranges to the west and the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Chatsworth to the north, Canoga Park to the east, and Woodland Hills to the south.

The neighborhood was formerly the home of many Native American tribes, and during the early Spanish and Mexican era was part of the Mission San Fernando Rey de España. In the American era, West Hills was part of Owensmouth, which was renamed Canoga Park in 1930. West Hills was established in western Canoga Park and retained its present name in 1987.

Several city parks are to be found within the community. The area is highly residential; there are some religious establishments and a few commercial areas in the community. Two private high schools are among the 16 schools within West Hills.
Sweet Lou (horse)
Sweet Lou (foaled 2009) is a retired Standardbred Champion Pacing Stallion in the sport of harness racing. He was sired by Yankee Cruiser and out of the mare Sweet Future. In a two-year-old season in which Sweet Lou won ten of his twelve starts, he capped it off with a 7½ length win in the Breeders Crown 2YO Colt & Gelding Pace in a World Record time of 1:49 flat for the mile. He was voted the 2011 American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Pacer. He went on to a highly successful career in racing and added the 2014 American Champion Male Pacer and American Pacer of the Year awards to his résumé. Sweet Lou is the only horse in history to win six straight mile races in times faster than 1:48.

Breeders Crown 2YO Colt & Gelding Pace
The Breeders Crown 2YO Colt & Gelding Pace is a harness racing event for two-year-old Standardbred male pacers. It is one part of the Breeders Crown annual series of twelve races for both Standardbred pacers and trotters. First run in 1985, it is contested over a distance of one mile. Race organizers have awarded the event to various racetracks across North America.
Crackpot index
The Crackpot Index is a number that rates scientific claims or the individuals that make them, in conjunction with a method for computing that number. It was proposed by John C. Baez in 1992, and updated in 1998.

While the index was created for its humorous value, the general concepts can be applied in other fields like risk management.

John C. Baez
John Carlos Baez (/ˈbaɪ.ɛz/ BY-ez; born June 12, 1961) is an American mathematical physicist and a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) in Riverside, California. He has worked on spin foams in loop quantum gravity, applications of higher categories to physics, and applied category theory. Additionally, Baez is known on the World Wide Web as the author of the crackpot index.
New Hyde Park, New York
New Hyde Park is a village within the Towns of Hempstead and North Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is the anchor community of the Greater New Hyde Park area. The population was 10,257 at the time of the 2020 census.

Hempstead, New York
The Town of Hempstead is the most populous town in the state of New York. It is the largest of the three towns within Nassau County (alongside North Hempstead and Oyster Bay), located on Long Island, east of Queens. The population was 793,409 at the time of the 2020 census.

It occupies the southwestern part of the county, near the western end of Long Island. A total of 22 incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town.

Hofstra University's campus is located in Hempstead.
Classical republicanism
Classical republicanism, also known as civic republicanism or civic humanism, is a form of republicanism developed in the Renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity, especially such classical writers as Aristotle, Polybius, and Cicero. Classical republicanism is built around concepts such as liberty as non-domination, self-government, rule of law, property-based personality, anti-corruption, abolition of monarchy, civics, civil society, common good, civic virtue, civic participation, popular sovereignty, patriotism and mixed government.

Civic virtue
Civic virtue is a concept that refers to the set of habits, values, and attitudes that promote the general welfare and the effective functioning of a society. Closely linked to the concept of citizenship, civic virtue (virtus) represents, therefore, the disposition of citizens to put the common good (bonum commune) before special interests. The identification of the character traits that constitute civic virtue has been a major concern of political philosophy. The term civility refers to behavior between persons and groups that conforms to a social mode (that is, in accordance with the civil society), as itself being a foundation of society and law.
Variety Wholesalers
Variety Wholesalers, Inc., is a privately held company based in Henderson, North Carolina, which owns more than 380 retail stores in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic United States under the banners Roses, Maxway and Big Lots. The company employs more than 7,000 workers.

Roses (store)
Roses Discount Stores (originally known as Rose's 5¢ 10¢ 25¢ Stores) is a regional discount store in the United States with its headquarters in Henderson, North Carolina. The chain has stores in fifteen states, primarily in the South.

Roses was purchased by Variety Wholesalers Inc. in 1997 and the company's Roses Division has approximately 175 stores which compete chiefly with Walmart and Target. In 2010, the Roses Division began expanding beyond its original base of stores in the South, opening stores in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana.
Deficit round robin
Deficit Round Robin (DRR), also Deficit Weighted Round Robin (DWRR), is a scheduling algorithm for the network scheduler. DRR is, similar to weighted fair queuing (WFQ), a packet-based implementation of the ideal Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS) policy. It was proposed by M. Shreedhar and G. Varghese in 1995 as an efficient (with O(1) complexity) and fair algorithm.

Weighted fair queueing
Weighted fair queueing (WFQ) is a  network scheduling algorithm. WFQ is both a packet-based implementation of the generalized processor sharing (GPS) policy, and a natural extension of fair queuing (FQ). Whereas FQ shares the link's capacity in equal subparts, WFQ allows schedulers to specify, for each flow, which fraction of the capacity will be given.

Weighted fair queuing is also known as packet-by-packet GPS (PGPS or P-GPS) since it approximates generalized processor sharing "to within one packet transmission time, regardless of the arrival patterns."
Abraham Lincoln High School (Des Moines, Iowa)
Abraham Lincoln High School, usually referred to simply as Lincoln High School or Lincoln, is a public secondary school located in Des Moines Southside, Des Moines, Iowa, United States.  It is one of five secondary schools under the district of the Des Moines Independent Community School District, the largest high school in the Des Moines public school district and the state of Iowa. With a population of 2,409+ students operating out of two buildings on the Des Moines Southside, it was named after the 16th United States President Abraham Lincoln. The school sports team is named after one of President Lincoln's nicknames, the "Rail Splitter" (the "Lincoln Railsplitters" or "Rails"). Their mascot is typically a senior at the school or a recent alumni dressed up as Abraham Lincoln. The school is known as the Pride of the South Side.

Des Moines Independent Community School District
The Des Moines Independent Community School District (The Des Moines Public Schools, or DMPS) is the largest public school district in Iowa. It is accredited by the North Central Association of Secondary Schools and Colleges and the Iowa Department of Education.
ChIP-exo
ChIP-exo is a chromatin immunoprecipitation based method for mapping the locations at which a protein of interest (transcription factor) binds to the genome. It is a modification of the ChIP-seq protocol, improving the resolution of binding sites from hundreds of base pairs to almost one base pair. It employs the use of exonucleases to degrade strands of the protein-bound DNA in the 5'-3' direction to within a small number of nucleotides of the protein binding site. The nucleotides of the exonuclease-treated ends are determined using some combination of DNA sequencing, microarrays, and PCR. These sequences are then mapped to the genome to identify the locations on the genome at which the protein binds.

ChIP sequencing
ChIP-sequencing, also known as ChIP-seq, is a method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA. ChIP-seq combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins. It can be used to map global binding sites precisely for any protein of interest. Previously, ChIP-on-chip was the most common technique utilized to study these protein–DNA relations.
Gloria Tristani
Gloria Tristani (born December 20, 1953) is an American attorney and politician. Tristani served as a member of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from 1997 to 2001. In 2002, Tristiani unsuccessfully ran for Senate in New Mexico as a Democrat, losing to Republican incumbent Pete Domenici.

2002 United States Senate election in New Mexico
The 2002 United States Senate election in New Mexico was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Pete Domenici won re-election to a sixth term. To date, this is the last time a Republican won a U.S. Senate election in New Mexico.

Along with Maine and Oregon, this was one of the three Republican-held Senate seats up for election in a state that Al Gore won in the 2000 presidential election.
Liang Chongyi
Liang Chongyi (梁崇義) (died 781) was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty.  During the reign of Emperor Daizong, Liang took advantage of the army's discontent after the death of the general Lai Tian (來瑱) to seize control of Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern Xiangfan, Hubei) and held it semi-independently from the imperial regime.  After Emperor Daizong's son Emperor Dezong became emperor, however, he was defeated by another general then-loyal to the imperial government, Li Xilie, and committed suicide as his headquarters were falling.

Li Xilie
Li Xilie (Chinese: 李希烈; died May 9, 786) was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician of the medieval Tang dynasty who, believing himself to be strong enough to claim imperial title, did so as the emperor of a new state of Chu.  His efforts to expand Chu was repeatedly thwarted by generals loyal to Tang, however, in 786, after he grew ill, he was killed with poison by his general Chen Xianqi.
Gerhard Grohs
Gerhard Grohs (June 24, 1929 - February 18, 2015) was a German sociologist and African studies scholar. He was one of the pioneers of African Studies in Germany, Professor of Sociology at the Free University of Berlin (1969-75) and at the University of Mainz (1975-94).

University of Mainz
The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (German: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. It has been named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. As of 2018, it had approximately 32,000 students enrolled in around 100 academic programs. The university is organized into 11 faculties.

The university is a member of the German U15, a group of fifteen major research and medical universities in Germany. It also participates in the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar and forms part of the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU) along with Goethe University Frankfurt and Technische Universität Darmstadt.

The first university of Mainz was founded in 1477, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, although it was later closed and re-founded 148 years later.
Alex Lyon (ice hockey)
Alexander Augustus Lyon (born December 9, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a goaltender for the  Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played collegiately for the Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey team, competing in the ECAC.

Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey
The Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey team represents Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut and is the oldest collegiate ice hockey team in the United States. The Bulldogs compete in the Ivy League and the ECAC Hockey League (ECACHL) and play their home games at Ingalls Rink, also called the Yale Whale. The current head coach is Keith Allain, who led the Bulldogs to an Ivy League championship in his first year as head coach (2006–2007 season). Allain is assisted by former QU/UND goaltender, Josh Siembida.  On April 13, 2013, the Bulldogs shut out Quinnipiac 4–0 to win their first NCAA Division I Championship.
Ingram Content Group
Ingram Content Group is an American service provider to the book publishing industry, based in La Vergne, Tennessee. It is a subsidiary of Ingram Industries.

Shawn Morin is CEO, and John R. Ingram is chairman of Ingram Industries.

Ingram Industries
Ingram Industries is a manufacturing company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. The company consists of diversified businesses in marine transportation aggregate supply, book distribution, print on demand book manufacturing, management and distribution services. Ingram's businesses are divided into two units: Ingram Marine Group and Ingram Content Group.
Chandoli National Park
Chandoli National Park is a national park   established in Sangli district in May 2004. Earlier it was a Wildlife Sanctuary declared in 1985. Chandoli Park is notable as the southern portion of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve, with Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary forming the northern part of the reserve

Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary
Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and natural World Heritage Site, which is located in Satara district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Further, this wildlife sanctuary is designated as an Important Bird area. The sanctuary is nested in the Western Ghats, covering an area of around 423.55 km2 (163.53 sq mi), and elevations ranging from 600 to 1,100 m (2,000 to 3,600 ft). It was notified in 1985 as a wildlife sanctuary situated in Maharashtra. It forms the northern portion of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve, with Chandoli National Park forming the southern part of the reserve.
D'Urville Island, Antarctica
D'Urville Island (63°05′S 56°20′W﻿ / ﻿63.083°S 56.333°W﻿ / -63.083; -56.333﻿ (D'Urville Island)) is the northernmost island of the Joinville Island group in Antarctica.
It is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long, lying immediately north of Joinville Island, from which it is separated by Larsen Channel.

Joinville Island
Joinville Island (63°15′S 55°45′W﻿ / ﻿63.250°S 55.750°W﻿ / -63.250; -55.750﻿ (Joinville Island)) is the largest island of the Joinville Island group, about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long in an east–west direction and 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) wide, lying off the northeastern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by the Antarctic Sound.
Qiqihar University
Qiqihar University (QQHRU; Chinese: 齐齐哈尔大学; pinyin: Qíqíhār Dàxué) is a provincial public university in Qiqihar City, western Heilongjiang, northeastern China. It is affiliated with the Province of Heilongjiang and funded by the provincial government.

In 1996, Qiqihar University was established through the merger of the then Qiqihar Light Industry College (founded in 1952) and the then Qiqihar Normal College (founded in 1958). After that, Heilongjiang Provincial Commercial and Trade School, Heilongjiang Provincial Chemical Industry School, and Keshan Normal College had been successively merged into the school.

It is beside Labor Lake in the city of Qiqihar. Covering an area of 1.25 square kilometers with a building area of 720,000 square meters, it is nicknamed 'The Round Lake University' and has been awarded titles such as 'Garden University' and 'Provincial Model Unit' by the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of the CPC and the People's Government of Heilongjiang Province.

Qiqihar
Qiqihar (also spelled Tsitsihar) is the second-largest city in the Heilongjiang province of China, in the west central part of the province. The built-up (or metro) area made up of Longsha, Tiefeng and Jianhua districts had 959,787 inhabitants, while the total population of the prefecture-level city was shrinking to 4,067,489 as of the 2020 census (5,367,003 as of 2010). In 2024, the total registered population of the city will be 5.06 million. Among them, the rural population is 3.165 million.These are mainly Han Chinese, though the city is also home to thirty-four minorities including Manchus, Daur, and Mongols. Numerous wetlands are close to Qiqihar, including the Zhalong Nature Reserve, famous in China for being home to numerous red-crowned cranes.