hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Green's function (many-body theory)
In many-body theory, the term Green's function (or Green function) is sometimes used interchangeably with correlation function, but refers specifically to correlators of field operators or creation and annihilation operators.

The name comes from the Green's functions used to solve inhomogeneous differential equations, to which they are loosely related. (Specifically, only two-point "Green's functions" in the case of a non-interacting system are Green's functions in the mathematical sense; the linear operator that they invert is the Hamiltonian operator, which in the non-interacting case is quadratic in the fields.)

Propagator
In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the propagator is a function that specifies the probability amplitude for a particle to travel from one place to another in a given period of time, or to travel with a certain energy and momentum. In Feynman diagrams, which serve to calculate the rate of collisions in quantum field theory, virtual particles contribute their propagator to the rate of the scattering event described by the respective diagram. Propagators may also be viewed as the inverse of the wave operator appropriate to the particle, and are, therefore, often called (causal) Green's functions (called "causal" to distinguish it from the elliptic Laplacian Green's function).
Eßweiler
Eßweiler (German pronunciation: [ˈɛsvaɪlɐ], with a short E; also Essweiler) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Offenbach-Hundheim
Offenbach-Hundheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.
Englischer Garten
The Englischer Garten (German: [ˈɛŋlɪʃɐ ˈɡaʁtn̩], English Garden) is a large public park in the centre of Munich, Bavaria, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern city limits. The creation began in 1789, supervised by Sir Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814), later Count Rumford (Reichsgraf von Rumford), for Prince Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. Thompson's successors, Reinhard von Werneck (1757–1842) and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell (1750–1823), advisers on the project from its beginning, both extended and improved the park.

With an area of 3.7 km2 (1.4 sq mi) (370 ha or 910 acres), the Englischer Garten is one of the world's largest urban public parks. The name refers to its English garden form of informal landscape, a style popular in England from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century and particularly associated with Capability Brown.

Reinhard von Werneck
Reinhard Freiherr von Werneck (28 June 1757 – 27 July 1842) was the successor of Benjamin Thompson in the management of the English Garden in Munich, Germany. During the six years that he held this office he was responsible for the creation of the Kleinhesseloher See and the addition of the Hirschau to the garden.
Polytrimethylene terephthalate
Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), is a polyester synthesized and patented in 1941. It is produced by a method called condensation polymerization or transesterification.  The two monomer units used in producing this polymer are: 1,3-propanediol and terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate. Similar to polyethylene terephthalate, the PTT is used to make carpet fibers.

PTT's value as a commercial polymer has improved due to more economical and efficient methods to produce 1,3-propanediol in the 1980s by Degussa, via acrolein, and Shell via the hydroformylation of ethylene oxide. DuPont has successfully commercialized the production of this polymer via 1,3-propanediol obtained by fermentation. These developments may allow PTT to effectively compete against PBT and PET, two polyesters that have been far more successful than PTT to date.

Dimethyl terephthalate
Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(COOCH3)2. It is the diester formed from terephthalic acid and methanol. It is a white solid that melts to give a distillable colourless liquid. it is an intermediate in some schemes for the recycling of PET, e.g. from plastic bottles.
Osprey Packs
Osprey Packs, Inc, commonly known as Osprey, is an American company that manufactures outdoor backpacks and other travel-related gear. It was founded in 1974 by Mike Pfotenhauer and is headquartered in Cortez, Colorado. It was purchased by Helen of Troy Limited in 2021 for $414.7 million.

Helen of Troy Limited
Helen of Troy Limited is an American publicly traded designer, developer and worldwide marketer of consumer brand-name housewares, health and home, and beauty products under owned and licensed brands. It is the parent corporation of OXO International Ltd., Kaz, Inc., Steel Technology, LLC, and Idelle Labs, Ltd, among others. The company is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda, with U.S. operations headquartered in El Paso, Texas. The company is named after the mythic figure Helen of Troy.
Cell 16
Cell 16 (1968-1973) was a progressive, radical feminist organization active in the United States known for its program of self-defense training (specifically karate), opposition to violence against women, and its analyses of relations between men and women in dating culture, politics and the economics of unpaid labor in the home. Co-founded by Roxanne Dunbar and Dana Densmore in 1968, Cell 16 included early members Betsy Warrior, Abby Rockefeller and Jayne West. Cell 16 was sometimes mischaracterized as promoting celibacy or separatism for its suggestion that women remain autonomous from men's groups and avoid romantic entanglements with either men or women, which would take away time and energy better spent on women's rights. The organization had a journal titled No More Fun and Games, which exerted a strong influence over the development of the second wave of feminism.

Feminist separatism
Feminist separatism or separatist feminism is the theory that feminist opposition to patriarchy can be achieved through women's sex segregation from men. Much of the theorising is based on lesbian feminism.

Author Marilyn Frye describes feminist separatism as "separation of various sorts or modes from men and from institutions, relationships, roles and activities that are male-defined, male-dominated, and operating for the benefit of males and the maintenance of male privilege – this separation being initiated or maintained, at will, by women."
2011 Men's Oceania Cup
The 2011 Men's Oceania Cup was the seventh edition of the men's field hockey tournament. It was held from 6–9 October 2011 in Hobart.

The tournament served as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Australia won the tournament for the seventh time, defeating New Zealand in the three–game series by goal difference, after the teams finished equal on points. Despite the Black Sticks' second place finish, the 2011 Oceania Cup held two qualifying allocations for the Olympic Games, meaning both teams qualified.

New Zealand men's national field hockey team
The New Zealand men's national field hockey team, also known as the Black Sticks Men, is the national team for men's field hockey of New Zealand, under the New Zealand Hockey Federation.

At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, they upset Australia to win gold, becoming the first non-Asian/European team to clinch the gold medal. They have also won silver and bronze at the 2002 and 2010 Commonwealth Games.
Loricariinae
Loricariinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armored suckermouth catfishes. This subfamily is divided into two tribes and about 30 genera. They are mainly native to freshwater habitats in South America, but there are also several species (in genera Crossoloricaria, Dasyloricaria, Rineloricaria, Spatuloricaria, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys) in Panama and a single (Rineloricaria) in Costa Rica.

Rineloricaria
Rineloricaria (from the Greek, rhinos meaning nose, and the Latin, lorica meaning cuirass of leather) is a genus of freshwater tropical catfish (order Siluriformes) belonging to the family Loricariidae. They are commonly called whiptail catfish because of the long filament that grows out of the tip of the caudal fin that is characteristic of the genus. With the exception of R. altipinnis from Panama, they are native to the rivers of northern and central South America. Some species are regularly seen in the aquarium trade.
Rostislav Alexeyev
Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev (Russian: Ростисла́в Евге́ньевич Алексе́ев; December 18, 1916 – February 9, 1980) was a Russian Soviet Director & Chief of Design known for his pioneering work on hydrofoil ships and ground-effect vehicles. Alexeyev was an accomplished designer of hydrofoil ships, such as the Raketa, and became a prominent developer of ground-effect vehicles, particularly the Caspian Sea Monster and the A-90 Orlyonok.

Caspian Sea Monster
41°56′27″N 48°22′47″E﻿ / ﻿41.9408511°N 48.3796207°E﻿ / 41.9408511; 48.3796207

The KM (Korabl Maket; Russian: Корабль-Макет, literally "Ship-maquette" or "Model-Ship"), known colloquially as the Caspian Sea Monster, was an experimental ground effect vehicle developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s by the Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau. The KM began operation in 1966, and was continuously tested by the Soviet Navy until 1980 when it crashed into the Caspian Sea.

The KM was the largest and heaviest aircraft in the world from 1966 to 1988, and its surprise discovery by the United States and the subsequent attempts to determine its purpose became a distinctive event of espionage during the Cold War.
Logarithmically concave sequence
In mathematics, a sequence a =  (a0, a1, ..., an) of nonnegative real numbers is called a logarithmically concave sequence, or a log-concave sequence for short, if ai2 ≥ ai−1ai+1 holds for 0 < i < n .

Remark: some authors (explicitly or not) add two further conditions in the definition of log-concave sequences:

a  is non-negative

a  has no internal zeros; in other words, the support of a is an interval of Z.

These conditions mirror the ones required for log-concave functions.

Sequences that fulfill the three conditions are also called Pólya Frequency sequences of order 2 (PF2 sequences). Refer to chapter 2 of  for a discussion on the two notions. For instance, the sequence (1,1,0,0,1) satisfies the concavity inequalities but not the internal zeros condition.

Examples of log-concave sequences are given by the binomial coefficients along any row of Pascal's triangle and the elementary symmetric means of a finite sequence of real numbers.

Logarithmically concave function
In convex analysis, a non-negative function f : Rn → R+ is logarithmically concave (or log-concave for short) if its domain is a convex set, and if it satisfies the inequality

for all x,y ∈ dom f and 0 < θ < 1. If f is strictly positive, this is equivalent to saying that the logarithm of the function, log ∘ f, is concave; that is,

for all x,y ∈ dom f and 0 < θ < 1.

Examples of log-concave functions are the 0-1 indicator functions of convex sets (which requires the more flexible definition), and the Gaussian function.

Similarly, a function is log-convex if it satisfies the reverse inequality

for all x,y ∈ dom f and 0 < θ < 1.

For non-negative discrete functions f : Z → R+, it is log-concave  if
Chung-Yun Hse
Chung-Yun Hse (February 19, 1935 – November 12, 2021) was a Taiwanese American research scientist in wood utilization, who was an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science. He served at the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station in Pineville, Louisiana from 1967 through 2019.

Southern Research Station
The Southern Research Station (SRS) is one component of seven units that provide the framework for the US Forest Service (USFS) Research and Development organization. Forest Service R&D is described as "...the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world".
David Blu
David Blu (Hebrew: דיוויד בלו; born David Bluthenthal; July 18, 1980) is an American–Israeli former professional basketball player, who spent 10 seasons playing in the EuroLeague. Standing at 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m), he played at the small forward and power forward positions. He is considered to be one of the top three-point shooters in EuroLeague history. He was also the 2011 Israeli Basketball Premier League Finals MVP. He also represented the senior Israeli national team in 2010.

Israel men's national basketball team
The Israel men's national basketball team (Hebrew: נבחרת ישראל בכדורסל) represents Israel in international basketball tournaments. They are administered by the Israeli Basketball Association. Israel is currently ranked 32nd in the FIBA World Ranking.

Israel has qualified for the EuroBasket 31 times throughout their history. They have also made two appearances at the World Cup, and one at the Summer Olympics. Israel also participated at the Asian Games from 1966 to 1974. The most success Israel has had on the international stage to date, is finishing as the runners-up at EuroBasket 1979, as well as winning two gold medals (1966, 1974), and one silver medal (1970) at the Asian Games.
Freddie Slater (racing driver)
Freddie Slater (/ˈsleɪ.tər/; born 9 August 2008) is a British racing driver who is set to compete in the FIA Formula 3 Championship for Trident as part of the Audi Driver Development Programme.

Born and raised in Warwickshire, Slater began competitive kart racing aged seven. During his successful karting career—culminating in his victories at the World Championship in 2020 and the European Championship in 2021 (OK-J) and 2023 (KZ2)—Slater graduated to sportscar racing, aged 14. Following multiple titles in Ginettas, Slater progressed to junior formulae with his record-breaking 2024 campaign in Italian F4, alongside his victory in F4 UAE. Graduating to Formula Regional in 2025, he won the European Championship and finished runner-up in the Middle East.

2025 Formula Regional European Championship
The 2025 Formula Regional European Championship by Alpine was a multi-event, Formula Regional open-wheel single seater motor racing championship held across Europe. The championship featured a mix of professional and amateur drivers, competing in Formula Regional cars that conform to the FIA Formula Regional regulations for the championship. This was the seventh season of the championship and the fifth after a merger with Formula Renault Eurocup which resulted in the change of the engine supplier to Alpine.

Prema Racing's Freddie Slater won the Drivers' Championship title at the penultimate race of the season, while Van Amersfoort Racing's Dion Gowda clinched the Rookie Championship title at the same race. R-ace GP won the Team's Championship title for the second time.
Liesel Pritzker Simmons
Liesel Pritzker Simmons (born Liesel Anne Pritzker), stage name Liesel Matthews, is an American heiress and former child actress. She starred as Sara Crewe in A Little Princess, a 1995 film adaptation of the Frances Hodgson Burnett classic, and as Alice Marshall in Air Force One. She is a member of the wealthy Pritzker family. She is now known as a leader in impact investing and founded the Blue Haven Initiative in 2012 to that end.

Blue Haven Initiative
Blue Haven Initiative (BHI) is an impact investment organization based in the United States and is one of the largest investment funds in the world dedicated solely to impact investing. Blue Haven's venture capital fund invests in early-stage, innovative businesses that improve standards of living, create economic opportunity and deliver products and services cleanly and efficiently to underserved communities in Sub-Saharan Africa.
WebGPU
WebGPU API is a JavaScript, Rust, C++, and C API for cross-platform efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) access. Using a system's underlying Vulkan, Metal, or Direct3D 12 technologies, WebGPU allows for graphics processing, games, and more, as well as AI and machine learning applications. WebGPU is intended to supersede the older WebGL as the main graphics standard for the Web.

In JavaScript, WebGPU can be provided by a web browser or other JavaScript environment like Node.js and Deno. Rust and C++ can use their respective implementations of the WebGPU specification. Other languages like Python, Java, and Go can use WebGPU by extending the C language specification.

Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge first released WebGPU support in April 2023. Safari debuted WebGPU support in June 2025 with Safari 26. Firefox first released WebGPU in July 2025 with Firefox 141. The W3C standard is a candidate recommendation.

Metal (API)
Metal is a low-level, low-overhead hardware-accelerated 3D graphic and compute shader API created by Apple, debuting in iOS 8. Metal combines functions similar to OpenGL and OpenCL in one API. It is intended to improve performance by offering low-level access to the GPU hardware for apps on iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS and visionOS. It is similar to low-level APIs on other platforms such as Vulkan and DirectX 12.

Metal is an object-oriented API that can be invoked using the Swift, Objective-C or C++17 programming languages.  Full-blown GPU execution is controlled via the Metal Shading Language. According to Apple promotional materials: "MSL [Metal Shading Language] is a single, unified language that allows tighter integration between the graphics and compute programs. Since MSL is C++-based, you will find it familiar and easy to use."
Prince Ilia of Georgia
Ilia (Georgian: ილია; Russian: Илья Георгиевич, Iliya Georgiyevich), also known as Elizbar (ელიზბარი), (2 September 1790 – 18 July 1854) was a Georgian prince royal (batonishvili), a son of George XII, the last king of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, by his second marriage to Mariam Tsitsishvili. After the Russian annexation of Georgia in 1801, Ilia accompanied his mother into exile to Russia. He then received military training and served in the Russian army, fighting with distinction at the battle of Borodino against the French in 1812 and retiring with the rank of colonel in 1823. He had 13 children of his marriage with Princess Anastasia Obolonskaya and his descendants, bearing the surname of Gruzinsky, have survived in the 21st-century Russian Federation.

Gruzinsky
Gruzinsky (Russian: Грузинский; Georgian: გრუზინსკი) was a title and later the name of two different princely lines of the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia, both of which received it as subjects of the Russian Empire. The name "Gruzinsky" (also spelled Gruzinski or Gruzinskii) derives from the Russian language, originally and literally meaning "of Georgia". Of the two lines, the younger one is the only line that still exists.
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Barrie Shorrock AM (born 30 June 1944) is an Australian singer and songwriter. He was a founding member of rock bands the Twilights, Axiom, Little River Band and post LRB spin-off trio Birtles Shorrock Goble, as well as being a solo performer.

The Twilights had eight consecutive national hit singles including "Needle in a Haystack" and "What's Wrong with the Way I Live". Axiom's top 10 hits were "Arkansas Grass", "Little Ray of Sunshine" and "My Baby's Gone". Little River Band had national and international chart success, including the Shorrock-penned "Emma", "Help Is on Its Way" and "Cool Change".

Shorrock was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame as a solo artist in 1991 and as a member of Little River Band in 2004. In May 2001, the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), as part of its 75th-anniversary celebrations, named "Cool Change" as one of the APRA Top 30 Australian songs of all time.

Birtles Shorrock Goble
Birtles Shorrock Goble were an Australian pop/rock group composed of the three original singers and songwriters of Little River Band, namely Beeb Birtles, Glenn Shorrock and Graeham Goble. The members are known for their extensive writing and performance of hit songs and distinctive vocal harmonies. They are sometimes referred to by the initials BSG.
Kronstad, Bergen
Kronstad is a neighbourhood in the borough of Årstad in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the northern part of the borough, south of the large Store Lungegårdsvannet bay, east of the neighborhood of Solheim, north of Minde, west of Landås, and west of Møllendal and Haukeland (in Bergenhus borough). The neighbourhood was named after the old Kronstad farm (whose successor is the Kronstad Hovedgård manor house), which was formerly known as "Hunstad". After the vicar of Bergen Cathedral purchased the farm in 1705, the name was changed to "Cronstad" which later changed to Kronstad.

Minde, Bergen
Minde is a neighbourhood in the southwestern part of Årstad borough in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is located south of the neighborhoods of Solheim and Kronstad, west of Landås, and north of Fjøsanger and Storetveit (in Fana borough). Parts of Minde were in Fana Municipality before the merger of 1972. It is home to the headquarters of the shipping company Odfjell. The area is served by one elementary school, Minde skole. An upper secondary school, Kristianborg videregående skole, was formerly located here, operated jointly by three free churches. As it failed to attain a body of students large enough for the operation of the school to be economically viable, it closed after the end of the school year of 2007/2008. Fridalen Church is located in the neighborhood too.
Trainload Freight
Trainload Freight was the sector of British Rail responsible for trainload freight services. The division was subdivided into four sub-sectors; coal, petroleum, metals and construction.

It was formed in 1988 from the trainload operations of British Rail's Railfreight division. The company existed until 1994, when, as part of the privatisation process of British Rail, it was split into three separate companies by region: Load-Haul, Mainline Freight and Trans-Rail.

Loadhaul
Loadhaul Ltd. was a railfreight operator based in the north-east of the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1994, as part of the privatisation of British Rail, and acquired in 1996 by a consortium headed by Wisconsin Central, then merged into a new company English Welsh & Scottish Railway. It is now part of DB Cargo.
Karl Harrison
Karl Harrison (born 20 February 1964) is an English former professional rugby league footballer and coach, who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for both Great Britain and England, and at club level for Bramley, Featherstone Rovers, Hull FC (two spells) and Halifax, as a prop. He has coached England, Keighley Cougars, Salford City Reds, Batley Bulldogs and Halifax. Harrison is a Halifax Hall of Fame Inductee.

Keighley Cougars
The Keighley Cougars are a professional rugby league club from Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. The club play home games at Cougar Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Keighley have never won a major honour. Their main rivals are Bradford Bulls.