hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North American Palladium
North American Palladium Ltd. is a former Canadian mining company that operated between 1968 and 2019 and that since 1993 operated the Lac des Iles mine in the Lac des Îles igneous complex of the Thunder Bay District of Ontario. The company primarily mined and explored for palladium but also for gold. Platinum, silver, nickel, and copper are mined as by-products. The company was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange but was acquired by Impala Platinum in 2019.

Impala Platinum
Impala Platinum Holdings Limited or Implats is a South African holding company that owns several companies which operate mines that produce platinum and platinum group metals, as well as nickel, copper and cobalt. Its most significant mine is the Impala mine in the North West province of South Africa. The company also owns or has interest in the Two Rivers mine and the Marula mine in the South Africa Bushveld Igneous Complex and the Mimosa mine and Zimplats in Zimbabwe, as well as the Impala Refining Services which smelts and refines metals for other companies. In December 2019, Impala Canada was formed, owned by the holding company, out of the acquisition of North American Palladium and its mine in Ontario, Canada.
Sosipater
Sosipater (Greek: Σωσίπατρος) is a person mentioned in the New Testament, in Romans 16:21. He is probably the same person as Sopater mentioned in Acts 20:4.

In church tradition, he is known as Sosipater of Iconium, and is numbered among the Seventy Apostles. St. Sosipater's feast days are on April 28 (Slavic tradition), or 29 (Greek tradition) with St. Jason; November 10 with saints Erastus, Olympas, Herodian, Quartus, and Tertius; and January 4 with the Seventy. According to Latin tradition, the disciple of St Paul the Apostle died on the 25th of June in Beroea.

Jason of Thessalonica
Jason of Thessalonica (Greek: Ίάσων ό Θεσσαλονικεύς), also known as Jason of Tarsus, was a Jewish convert and early Christian believer mentioned in the New Testament in Acts 17:5–9 and Romans 16:21.

Jason is venerated as a saint in the Orthodox and Roman Catholic traditions. His feast day is 12 July in the Roman Catholic Church, 28 April in the Slavic Christian tradition, and 29 April in the Greek Christian tradition. His feast is celebrated on the 3rd of Pashons in the Coptic Orthodox Church and in eastern Christian traditions he is commemorated on 4 January among the Seventy Apostles.
Philip A. Munz
Philip Alexander Munz (1892–1974) was an American botanist, plant taxonomist and educator who worked at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and was a professor of botany at Pomona College, serving as dean there for three years.

In 1935 Munz published his Manual of Southern California Botany. Munz compiled the voluminous A California Flora with David D. Keck, published by the University of California Press in 1959, and with a supplement published in 1968. Munz published A California Flora without any research support and with a relatively small subvention for publication from the University of California Press. In 1974, his book A Flora of Southern California was published posthumously, with the botanical families presented in an alphabetical order.

David D. Keck
David Daniels Keck (October 24, 1903 – March 10, 1995) was an American botanist who was notable for his work on angiosperm taxonomy and genetics.

Keck was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He completed undergraduate studies at Pomona College in 1925 and was awarded a Ph.D. in botany from the University of California in 1930.

From 1925 to 1950 he was based at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, at Stanford University, where he worked on plant species concepts with Jens Clausen and William Hiesey. In 1949, the three of them were co-recipients of the Mary Soper Pope Memorial Award in botany.

In 1950 he was appointed head curator of the New York Botanical Garden and remained there until 1958.

In 1959, he co-published A California Flora with Philip A. Munz.

He was Program Director for Systematic Biology at the National Science Foundation until 1970, after which he moved to New Zealand. He returned to the United States in 1978 and lived in Medford, Oregon.
Nathaniel Hawthorne Birthplace
The Nathaniel Hawthorne Birthplace is the home where American author Nathaniel Hawthorne was born. The structure is located in Salem, Massachusetts, having been relocated to the grounds of the House of the Seven Gables and restored by the non-profit House of the Seven Gables Settlement Association. Admission is free to Salem residents year-round and to the general public during winter months; a fee is charged during summer months.

House of the Seven Gables
The House of the Seven Gables (also known as the Turner House or Turner-Ingersoll Mansion) is a 1668 colonial mansion in Salem, Massachusetts, named for its gables. It was made famous by Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1851 novel The House of the Seven Gables. The house is now a non-profit museum, with an admission fee charged for tours, as well as an active settlement house with programs for the local immigrant community including ESL and citizenship classes. It was built for Captain John Turner and stayed with the family for three generations.
Cirsium waldsteinii
Cirsium waldsteinii, the Waldstein's thistle or East Carpathian thistle, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is closely related to C. greimleri, which was recently split from it. It is a tall herbaceous plant with nodding purple flowers growing in high montane to subalpine habitats on exposed acidic slopes. It is native to Eastern Europe, and specifically the Carpathians. As a tetraploid species, it does not hybridise readily.

Cirsium greimleri
Cirsium greimleri, Greimler-Kratzdistel lit. 'Greimler's thistle', is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It was described as a separate species from Cirsium waldsteinii in 2018, from which it can be distinguished visually by its shallower lobes and deeper flower colour. Additionally, its leaves are unusually broad for the genus. It is one of a minority of species discovered through karyological analysis. It is a tall herbaceous plant with nodding purple flowers growing in high montane to subalpine habitats on exposed acidic slopes. It is native to Eastern Europe, but with an unusual geographic distribution. It is found only in the Eastern Alps and Dinaric Alps. It hybridises readily, to the extent that there is concern about genetic erosion for most populations.
New Brunswick dollar
The dollar was the currency of New Brunswick between 1860 and 1867. It replaced the pound at a rate of 4 dollars = 1 pound (5 shillings = 1 dollar) and was equal to the Canadian dollar. New Brunswick currency was created by New Brunswick based banks until the advent of central banking following the 1933 The Royal Commission on Banking and Currency (also known as the Macmillan Commission).

New Brunswick pound
The pound was the currency of New Brunswick until 1860. It was divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, with the dollar (initially the Spanish dollar) circulating at a value of 5/– (the Halifax rating).
Virginia State Route 67
State Route 67 (SR 67) is a primary state highway in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Virginia. It runs from SR 80 near Honaker east to U.S. Route 460 (US 460) at Raven, east concurrently with US 460 and US 460 Business (US 460 Bus.) into downtown Richlands, and north to SR 616 at Jewell Ridge on the Tazewell–Buchanan county line.

Virginia State Route 80
State Route 80 is a primary state highway in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Virginia. It runs from the Kentucky state line at Breaks Interstate Park east to U.S. Route 11 near Meadowview. Kentucky Route 80 and Missouri's Route 80 continue the number west to Matthews, Missouri. The entire length of SR 80 is part of U.S. Bicycle Route 76.
Danum Valley Conservation Area
Danum Valley Conservation Area is  a 438 square kilometres (169 sq mi) tract of relatively undisturbed lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, Malaysia. It has an extensive diversity of tropical flora and fauna, including species such as the rare Bornean orangutan, gibbons, mousedeer, clouded leopards and over 270 bird species. Visitor activities include jungle treks, river swimming, birdwatching, night jungle tours and excursions to nearby logging sites and timber mills.

There were no human settlements within the area before it became a conservation area, meaning that hunting, logging and other human interference were non-existent, making the area almost unique. It is managed by Yayasan Sabah for conservation, research, education, and habitat restoration training purposes. There have been proposals to nominate the site as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Borneo lowland rain forests
The Borneo lowland rain forests is an ecoregion, within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, of the large island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It supports approximately 15,000 plant species, 380 bird species and several mammal species. The Borneo lowland rain forests is diminishing due to logging, hunting and conversion to commercial land use.
University of New Hampshire
The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.

The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

As of 2018, its combined campuses made UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It was also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students.

University of New Hampshire at Manchester
The University of New Hampshire at Manchester (UNH Manchester) is the urban campus of the University of New Hampshire College of Professional Studies. It was established in 1967 and is located in Manchester, New Hampshire.

The College of Professional Studies also includes an online program, which was formerly a separate institution called Granite State College.
2024 South Dakota House of Representatives election
The 2024 South Dakota House of Representatives elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect all 70 seats in the South Dakota House of Representatives. The elections coincided with the presidential, U.S. House, and State Senate elections. The primary elections were held on June 4, 2024.

2024 South Dakota Senate election
The 2024 South Dakota Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect all 35 seats in the South Dakota Senate. The elections coincided with the presidential, U.S. House, and State House elections. The primary elections were held on June 4, 2024.
Stoke-upon-Trent
Stoke-upon-Trent, also known as Stoke, is one of the six towns that along with Hanley, Burslem, Fenton, Longton and Tunstall form the city of Stoke-on-Trent, in Staffordshire, England.

The town was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1874. In 1910 the six towns federated to become the County Borough of Stoke-on-Trent and later the City of Stoke-on-Trent. Since federation in 1910 it has been the seat of the city's council, although the city centre is regarded as being in nearby Hanley.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield
Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield (5 September 1664 – 17 February 1718), formerly Lady Charlotte FitzRoy, was the illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England by one of his best known mistresses, Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland. Known for her beauty, Charlotte was married at age 12 to her husband, Edward Henry Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield, with whom she had a large family.

Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland
Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, Countess of Castlemaine (née Barbara Villiers /ˈvɪlərz/ VIL-ərz; 27 November [O.S. 17 November] 1640 – 9 October 1709), was an English royal mistress of the Villiers family and perhaps the most notorious of the many mistresses of King Charles II of England, by whom she had five children, all of them acknowledged and subsequently ennobled. Barbara was the subject of many portraits, in particular by court painter Sir Peter Lely.

Barbara's first cousin, Elizabeth Villiers (later 1st Countess of Orkney 1657–1733), was the presumed mistress of King William III. King William was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1702.
P. Ipsens Enke
P. Ipsens Enke was a ceramics manufacturer based at Frederikssundsvej 78 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The company was founded by Peter Ipsen in 1843 and was continued by his widow Louise Ipsen and son Berthel Ipsen after his death in 1860. It achieved international success with its replica of antique Greek and Roman ceramics, winning awards at international expositions and opening its own shops in Paris and London. After the turn of the century, it collaborated with artists such as Thorvald Bindesbøll, WillumsenJ and Axel Salto. It closed in 1955.

Louise Ipsen
Christine Louise Ipsen (née Bierring, sometimes written Bjerring; 1822 Køge, – May 5, 1905 Copenhagen) was a Danish businessperson. She was a major industrialist as the owner and manager of the famous P. Ipsens Enke, and as such uncommon for woman at that time. She also achieved Royal warrant of appointment (1871).
Mark Watt (curler)
Mark Watt (born 31 October 1999 in Stirling) is a Scottish curler from Auchterarder. He currently plays third on Team Kyle Waddell. Playing for James Craik, Watt won gold at the 2023 Winter World University Games and bronze at the 2020 World Junior Curling Championships.

Kyle Waddell
Kyle Waddell (born 15 December 1993 in Bellshill) is a Scottish curler from Hamilton, Scotland. He currently skips his own team. He competed for Great Britain at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, placing fifth. He is also the alternate for the Great Britain team at the 2026 Winter Olympics, winning a silver medal in the event. He has represented Scotland at three European Curling Championships and three World Junior Curling Championships, winning gold at the 2013 World Junior Curling Championships as a member of the Kyle Smith rink.
Aquaplus
Aquaplus (株式会社アクアプラス, Kabushiki gaisha Akuapurasu), formerly U-Office (ユーオフィス, Yū Ofisu) and Aqua (アクア, Akua), is a Japanese company which specializes primarily in the publishing and distribution of visual novels, including both adult games under their brand Leaf and games for all ages under Aquaplus's own brand. Aquaplus has been involved with the production of anime based on Leaf's games. The company is also involved with music, franchised restaurants, and at one point was involved with automobiles.

Leaf (Japanese company)
Leaf is a Japanese visual novel studio under the publisher Aquaplus, and has offices in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, and Tokyo. It and its competitor Key (to which it is often compared) are two of the most popular and successful dedicated visual novel studios operating today. It was launched out of obscurity by its early release To Heart. Leaf used the XviD video codec in several games: Aruru to Asobo!!, Tears to Tiara, Kusari, and ToHeart2 X Rated. Since XviD is free software, released under the GPL, Leaf was obligated to release the source code to those games under the same license. One still requires the game data to actually play the games with the source code. In addition, a free software game engine, named xlvns, was developed soon after Leaf released its first three visual novels. Characters from Utawarerumono, Tears to Tiara, To Heart, and Kizuato are playable in Aquapazza: Aquaplus Dream Match, a fighting game developed by Aquaplus featuring characters from various Leaf games.
Mushroom Records
Mushroom Records was an Australian flagship record label, founded in 1972 in Melbourne. It published and distributed many successful Australian artists and expanded internationally, until it was merged with Festival Records in 1998. Festival Mushroom Records was later acquired by Warner Bros. Records, which operated the label from 2005 to 2010 before merging the label's catalogue with its own. Founder Michael Gudinski went on to become the leader of the Mushroom Group, the largest independent music and entertainment company in Australia, with divisions such as Frontier Touring.

Festival Records
Festival Records, later known as Festival Mushroom Records, was an Australian recording and publishing company founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1952 and operated until 2005.

Festival was a subsidiary of News Limited from 1961 to 2005. The company was successful for most of its 50-year life, despite the fact that as much as 90% of its annual profit was regularly siphoned off by Rupert Murdoch to subsidise his other media ventures.
Podporuchik
Podporuchik (Russian: подпору́чик, lit. 'sub-poruchik', Czech: podporučík, Slovak: podporučík), podporuchnik (Polish: podporucznik) or potporuchnik (Serbo-Croatian: потпоручник, potporučnik, Macedonian: потпоручник) is the most junior officer rank in some Slavic armed forces, and is placed below the rank of lieutenant, typically corresponding to rank of second lieutenant in English-speaking countries.

Lieutenant (Eastern Europe)
The rank of poruchik (Russian: поручик; Czech: poručík; Slovak: poručík) or poruchnik (Serbo-Croatian: поручник, poručnik; Polish: porucznik; Slovene: poročnik; Ukrainian: поручник, poručnyk), translated to lieutenant, is used in Slavophone armed forces, depending on the country being either the lowest or second lowest officer rank.
Creswell, Derbyshire
Creswell is a village located in the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, England. At the 2011 Census population details were included in the civil parish of Elmton-with-Creswell.  Today it is best known for Creswell Crags and its model village.  Elmton Common is an area of allotments for the township of Creswell. The village was a mining village.

Local Government services are provided by Elmton-with-Creswell Parish Council, Bolsover District Council and Derbyshire County Council.

Creswell Model Village
Creswell Model Village is an arts and crafts style model village in the village of Creswell, Derbyshire, England. The pit village was built in 1895 by the Bolsover Colliery Company to designs by architect Percy B. Houfton for the workers of Creswell Colliery on land leased from the Welbeck Estate.  Influenced by garden village principles, it provided the workers with modern facilities; it had a tramway to deliver coal to the houses.  Designed around a large oval village green with an access road through the centre, the houses are of varying styles. The Model as it is known, has been refurbished.

The village is within the parish of Elmton-with-Creswell in the district of Bolsover in northeast Derbyshire.
Tom Chapin
Tom Chapin (born March 13, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter, storyteller, actor and television host. Known for his ABC children's show Make-A-Wish and his children's albums, Chapin is also the younger brother of late folk singer/songwriter and humanitarian Harry Chapin. A fixture on the American folk music circuit, he has frequently performed with Pete Seeger, Holly Near, Peter Yarrow, Judy Collins, and David Amram.

Chapin also performs regularly with his brother Steve Chapin, niece Jen Chapin and daughters, Abigail and Lily aka The Chapin Sisters and The Harry Chapin band billed as The Chapin Family. He sits on the board of Why Hunger, his late brother Harry's food justice organization.

Harry Chapin
Harry Forster Chapin (/ˈtʃeɪpɪn/; December 7, 1942 – July 16, 1981) was an American singer-songwriter, philanthropist, and hunger activist best known for his folk rock and pop rock songs. He achieved worldwide success in the 1970s. Chapin, a Grammy Award-winning artist and Grammy Hall of Fame inductee, has sold over 16 million records worldwide.

Chapin recorded a total of 11 albums from 1972 until his death in 1981. All 14 singles that he released became hits on at least one national music chart. Chapin's songs include "Taxi" and "Cat's in the Cradle."

Chapin campaigned to end world hunger. He was a participant in the creation of the Presidential Commission on World Hunger in 1977. In 1987, Chapin was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his humanitarian work.
Wappinger, New York
Wappinger is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The town is located in the Hudson River Valley region, on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The population was 28,216 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the Wappinger Native Americans who inhabited the area. Wappinger comprises three-fourths of the incorporated village of Wappingers Falls, several unincorporated hamlets such as Brinckerhoff, Chelsea, Diddell, Hughsonville, Middlebush, Myers Corner, New Hackensack, and Swartwoutville, and a number of neighborhoods.

Wappingers Falls, New York
Wappingers Falls is a village in the towns of Poughkeepsie and Wappinger, in Dutchess County, New York, United States.  As of the 2010 census it had a population of 5,522. The community was named for the cascade in Wappinger Creek.  The Wappingers Falls post office covers areas in the towns of Wappinger, Poughkeepsie, Fishkill, East Fishkill, and LaGrange. This can result in some confusion when residents of the outlying towns, who do not live in the village, give their address as "Wappingers Falls".

Grinnell Library, located in the village, is the sixth-oldest library in the state.
Acer nigrum
Acer nigrum, the black maple, is a species of maple closely related to A. saccharum (sugar maple), and treated by some authors as a subspecies of it, as Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum.

Identification can be confusing due to the tendency of the two species to form hybrids. The simplest and most accurate method for distinguishing between the two trees is the generally three-lobed leaves of the black maple versus the generally five-lobed leaves of the sugar maple. The leaves of the black maple also tend to have a drooping appearance. Other differences that are not as pronounced include darker, more deeply grooved bark, slightly smaller seeds, a downy underside, and thicker petioles. Hybrids are intermediate in their characteristics.

Acer saccharum
Acer saccharum, the sugar maple, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Sugar maple is best known for being the primary source of maple syrup and for its brightly colored autumn foliage. It may also be called "rock maple," "sugar tree," "sweet maple," or, particularly in reference to the wood, "hard maple," "birds-eye maple," or "curly maple," the last two being specially figured lumber.