hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Motion with four signatures
Motion with four signatures (Turkish: Dörtlü takrir) was a motion given to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey by the quadrumvirate of Celâl Bayar, Refik Koraltan, Mehmet Fuat Köprülü and Adnan Menderes; all Republican People's Party (CHP) deputies at the time. By calling for widespread political liberalization, it posed the first significant open challenge to the existing one party system from inside CHP itself. Although the motion itself was denied, it is considered an important milestone in the parliamentary history of Turkey, as it kicked off the establishment of a multi-party political system in the country.

Adnan Menderes
Ali Adnan Ertekin Menderes (Turkish: [adˈnan ˈmændeɾes]; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was tried and hanged under the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. During his tenure, Turkey participated in the Korean War, and was admitted to NATO in 1952. He was the last Turkish political leader to be executed after a military coup. He is also one of the four political leaders of the Turkish Republic who have been honored with a mausoleum, the others being Kemal Atatürk, Süleyman Demirel, and Turgut Özal.
Om Nom Stories
Om Nom Stories (sometimes called Om Nom) is a cartoon web series produced by Zeptolab and Rocket Fox, featuring the character Om Nom from the video game series Cut the Rope. The series revolves around Om Nom's life out of the game, and is based on 4 games in the series: the original, Cut the Rope: Time Travel, Cut the Rope 2, and Cut the Rope: Magic. The first season, as well as the first and last episodes of the second (Time Travel), combine live action and animation, while the rest are entirely animated. It premiered on YouTube on 9 December 2011.

Cut the Rope
Cut the Rope is a franchise of physics-based puzzle video games developed and published by ZeptoLab. It consists of the original game Cut the Rope (2010), Cut the Rope: Holiday Gift (2010), Cut the Rope: Experiments (2011), Cut the Rope: Time Travel (2013), Cut the Rope 2 (2013 iOS; 2014 Android), My Om Nom (2014 iOS; 2015 Android), Cut the Rope: Magic (2015), Cut the Rope Remastered (2021), Cut the Rope Daily (2023), and Cut the Rope 3 (2023).

The objective of the Cut the Rope games is to feed candy to a little green creature named Om Nom while collecting stars. As of May 2015, Cut the Rope games have been downloaded more than 600 million times and had surpassed over a billion downloads by 2018.
Fonthill Abbey
Fonthill Abbey—also known as Beckford's Folly—was a large Gothic Revival country house built between 1796 and 1813 at Fonthill Gifford in Wiltshire, England, at the direction of William Thomas Beckford and architect James Wyatt.

It was built near the site of the Palladian house, later known as Fonthill Splendens, which had been constructed by 1770 by his father William Beckford. This, in turn, had replaced the Elizabethan house that Beckford the Elder had purchased in 1744 and which had been destroyed by fire in 1755. The abbey's main tower collapsed several times, lastly in 1825 damaging the western wing. The abbey was later almost completely demolished.

William Beckford (novelist)
William Thomas Beckford (29 September 1760 – 2 May 1844) was a British writer and politician. He was reputed at one stage to be England's richest commoner. He was the son of William Beckford and Maria Hamilton, daughter of the Hon. George Hamilton, and he served as a member of parliament for Wells in 1784–1790 and Hindon in 1790–1795 and 1806–1820. Beckford is best known for writing the 1786 Gothic novel Vathek, for building Fonthill Abbey in Wiltshire and Beckford's Tower in Bath, and for his extensive art collection.
Crackdown 3
Crackdown 3 is a 2019 action-adventure game developed by Sumo Digital and published by Microsoft Studios for Windows and Xbox One. It continues the series nearly nine years after the release of 2010's Xbox 360 video game Crackdown 2. Originally set to be released in 2016, the game was delayed a number of times. Crackdown 3 was released on 15 February 2019 and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the return of its core features from its predecessors and level of enjoyment, but was also criticized for a lack of innovation and dated design.

Crackdown 2
Crackdown 2 is a 2010 action-adventure game developed by Ruffian Games and published by Microsoft Game Studios. It was released for the Xbox 360 in July  2010 and is a direct sequel to the 2007 video game Crackdown. A sequel, Crackdown 3, was released for the Xbox One and Microsoft Windows in February 2019.
D61 motorway (Slovakia)
The D61 motorway (Slovak: diaľnica D61) was a motorway in Slovakia, connecting Bratislava to Trenčín via Trnava. It was eventually merged with the D1 motorway.

Most of the D61 part of new D1 highway is still marked with old kilometres (except in some parts of Bratislava).

D1 motorway (Slovakia)
D1 motorway is an east-west motorway (Slovak: Diaľnica D1) in Slovakia. The D1 motorway is the oldest, longest and busiest motorway in Slovakia, which is connects Bratislava with Trnava, Trenčín, Žilina, Martin, Poprad, Prešov, Košice to the Slovak-Ukrainian border (border crossing with Uzhhorod), where it is connected to the Ukrainian road M08.

It is part of the European roads E50, E58, E75, E442, E571 and of the V.A Pan-European corridor (Trieste) - Bratislava - Žilina - Košice - Uzhhorod - Lviv. With the exception of sections in Bratislava, Žilina, Prešov, Poprad and Košice, a vignette is required to use the motorway.

The motorway has been under construction since 1972 and by 2023, 395.9 km of the total planned length of 512.4 km were operational. Despite the various completion dates set in the past (1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 or 2013), the full length will not be passable until 2040 at the earliest.
Hail the Conquering Hero
Hail the Conquering Hero (1944) is a satirical comedy-drama film written and directed by Preston Sturges, starring Eddie Bracken, Ella Raines and William Demarest, and featuring Raymond Walburn, Franklin Pangborn, Elizabeth Patterson, Bill Edwards and Freddie Steele. In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Sturges was nominated for a 1945 Academy Award for his screenplay. Many critics consider the film to be one of Sturges's best. It was the eighth film he made for Paramount Pictures, and also his last, although The Great Moment was released after it. Sturges later wrote about his departure, "I guess Paramount was glad to be rid of me eventually, as no one there ever understood a word I said."

The Great Moment (1944 film)
The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges. Based on the book Triumph Over Pain (1940) by René Fülöp-Miller, it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton, a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia.  The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field, and features Harry Carey, William Demarest, Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall.

The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years. Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made, and pulled it from his control, re-titled and re-edited it. The studio's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges' comedies. The film was not well received by the critics or the public, and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges, who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released.
Telus Mobility
TELUS Mobility is a Canadian wireless network operator and a division of TELUS Communications which sells wireless services in Canada on its network. It operates 5G+, 5G, LTE, HSPA+, and LPWA on its network. TELUS Mobility is the third-largest wireless carrier in Canada, with 10.1 million subscribers as of Q2 2024.

Since 2008, TELUS has operated a flanker brand named Koodo Mobile, which is targeted at high school, college and university students.

Koodo Mobile
Koodo Mobile is a Canadian mobile flanker brand started by TELUS in 2008 and mostly oriented toward younger customers. Koodo differs from its parent TELUS by not requiring a fixed term contract. Koodo currently provides postpaid, prepaid, and wireless home phone services. Being a subsidiary of TELUS, Koodo has been able to offer extensive coverage and a strong presence in mobile retailers. This allowed Koodo to gain a presence nationwide.

The brand name is a variation of the Ancient Greek word "κῦδος" (the ascendant to the English word "kudos"), meaning "praise, renown, glory" and more recently "acclaim for something well done".
Bang Kho Laem district
Bang Kho Laem (Thai: บางคอแหลม, pronounced [bāːŋ kʰɔ̄ː lɛ̌ːm]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. The incumbent district officer is Samita Xanthavanij. The district is bounded by (clockwise from north) Sathon, Yannawa, and across the Chao Phraya River, Rat Burana, Thon Buri and Khlong San districts.

Yan Nawa district
Yan Nawa or Yannawa (Thai: ยานนาวา, pronounced [jāːn nāːwāː]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. The district is bounded by (clockwise from west to northeast) Rat Burana (across Chao Phraya River), Bang Kho Laem, Sathon, and Khlong Toei Districts of Bangkok. Its neighbor from east to south is Phra Pradaeng district of Samut Prakan province.
Merwin & Hulbert
Merwin, Hulbert, and Co. or Merwin Hulbert was an American firearms designer and marketer based in New York City which produced revolvers and rifles from 1874 to 1896. The firearms were manufactured by a subsidiary company, Hopkins & Allen of Norwich, Connecticut. Merwin Hulbert's designs had influenced other gunmakers of the time, such as Meriden Firearms Co., Harrington & Richardson, Forehand & Wadsworth, and Iver Johnson.

During the late 19th century, Merwin Hulbert revolvers were used by police departments of many cities in the eastern United States.

Hopkins & Allen
Hopkins & Allen Arms Company was an American firearms manufacturing company based in Norwich, Connecticut, that was founded in 1868 by Charles W. Allen, Charles A. Converse, Horace Briggs, Samuel S. Hopkins and Charles W. Hopkins. The Hopkins brothers ran the company's day-to-day operations until it went bankrupt in 1916 and was subsequently bought by Marlin-Rockwell.
Deinking
Deinking is the industrial process of removing printing ink from paperfibers of recycled paper to make deinked pulp.

The key in the deinking process is the ability to detach ink from the fibers. This is achieved by a combination of mechanical action and chemical means. In Europe the most common process is froth flotation deinking.

Paper is one of the main targets for recycling. A concern about recycling wood pulp paper is that the fibers are degraded with each cycle and after being recycled 4–6 times the fibers become too short and weak to be useful in making paper.

Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a fibrous lignocellulosic material prepared by chemically, semi-chemically, or mechanically isolating the cellulosic fibers of wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. Mixed with water and other chemicals or plant-based additives, pulp is the major raw material used in papermaking and the industrial production of other paper products.
Cosun Beet Company
Cosun Beet Company (before 2020 Suiker Unie) is a part of Royal Cosun. It produces white sugar and other refined sugar products. By acquiring the beet sugar division of Corbion in 2007 and Danisco Sugar GmbH in 2008, Cosun Beet Company became one of the five biggest European producers of sugar from sugar beet.

Corbion
Corbion N.V., formerly Centrale Suiker Maatschappij (CSM) N.V. (Central Sugar Company in English), is a Dutch food and biochemicals company headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It produces bioingredient-based foods, chemicals derived from organic acids, and lactic acid based solutions for the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The company was founded on August 21, 1919.
Murder in Coweta County (film)
Murder in Coweta County is a 1983 American made-for-television drama film starring Johnny Cash and Andy Griffith. It originally aired on February 15, 1983 on CBS. It is based on actual events of a murder in Coweta County in April 1948 committed in Coweta County in the U.S. state of Georgia.

Coweta County, Georgia
Coweta County /kaʊˈiːtə/ is a county in the West Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is part of Metro Atlanta. As of the 2020 census, the population was 146,158. The county seat is Newnan.

Coweta County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell metropolitan statistical area.
Yuan poetry
Yuan poetry refers to those types or styles of poetry particularly associated with the era of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), in China. Although the poetic forms of past literature were continued, the Yuan period is particularly known for the development of the poetic aspects included in the complex mix of different art forms which characterize Chinese opera, namely the qu or fixed-tone pattern type of verses that were delivered by the actors of these shows. Although the language of Yuan poetry is still generally considered to be Classical Chinese, a certain vernacular aspect reflecting linguistic changes can be seen in some of the fixed-rhythm verse forms, such as Yuan ci and qu. Certain aspects of Yuan poetry can be understood in the context of the social and political changes which took place as part of the process of the Mongol conquest of the Jin and Song Dynasties and their subsequent establishment of the Yuan dynasty.

Qu (poetry)
The Qu form of poetry is a type of Classical Chinese poetry form, consisting of words written in one of a number of certain, set tone patterns, based upon the tunes of various songs. Thus Qu poems are lyrics with lines of varying longer and shorter lengths, set according to the certain and specific, fixed patterns of rhyme and tone of conventional musical pieces upon which they are based and after which these matched variations in lyrics (or individual Qu poems) generally take their name. The fixed-tone type of verse such as the Qu and the ci together with the shi and fu forms of poetry comprise the three main forms of Classical Chinese poetry.
Yang Guifei
Yang Yuhuan (Chinese: 楊玉環; 719 – 15 July 756), often known as Yang Guifei or Consort Yang (楊貴妃, with guifei being the highest rank for imperial consorts during her time), and known briefly by the Taoist nun name Taizhen (太真), was the beloved consort of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang during his later years. She is known as one of the Four Beauties of ancient China.

During the An Lushan Rebellion, while Emperor Xuanzong and his cortege were fleeing from Chang’an to Chengdu, imperial guards led by Chen Xuanli mutinied at Mawei Station and demanded Yang’s execution, attributing the rebellion to her family, particularly her cousin Yang Guozhong. The emperor capitulated and ordered his attendant Gao Lishi to supervise her forced suicide.

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ([ɕwǎn.tsʊ́ŋ]; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion.
Bombay, New Zealand
Bombay is a rural community in the Bombay Hills at the southern boundary of Auckland Region of New Zealand. The Auckland Southern Motorway runs through Bombay.

Bombay is named for the ship Bombay, which transported settlers from England to the area in 1863. At the beginning of the 20th century, a community of Indian New Zealanders also settled in the area. A Sikh temple was opened in 2004.

Bombay Hills
The Bombay Hills are a range of hills to the south of Auckland, New Zealand. Though only a small and seemingly insignificant range of hills, they lie at the southern boundary of the Auckland region, and serve as a divide between Auckland and the Waikato region. There is a 19th-century settlement, Bombay, on the old main road south of Auckland, the Great South Road.

Aucklanders and other New Zealanders have a mostly light-hearted "love-hate" relationship. Stereotypically, Aucklanders view parts of the country "south of the Bombay Hills" as provincial and unsophisticated, while the rest of the country sees Aucklanders as brash and arrogant.  For this reason, the boundary between Auckland and its southern neighbours bears great significance. People on both sides of the boundary are as likely to use the phrase "New Zealand stops at the Bombay Hills". The term was adopted by the 1990s New Zealand reggae band Southside of Bombay.
Liu To Bridge
Liu To Bridge is a bridge over the valley of Liu To, Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong. It is part of Tsing Yi Road West. The structure is numbered N547 by Hong Kong Government.

Built between 1985 and 1987, it spans 175 m (574 ft) and is a 3-span bridge with dual 2-lane roads. As Liu To is a steep-side valley, in order to avoid temporary work on the valley floor, twin prestressed concrete boxes were stacked incrementally during the construction to provide a short section across the valley.

Tsing Yi
Tsing Yi (Chinese: 青衣), sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island, is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours, Tsing Yi Lagoon, Mun Tsai Tong, and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed for new towns.

The island is generally zoned into four quarters: the northeast quarter is a residential area, the southeast quarter is Tsing Yi Town, the southwest holds heavy industry, and the northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and some dockyards and ship building industry. The island is in the northwest of Victoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance.
Saskatchewan Highway 342
Highway 342 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 42 to Range Road 3183 near Plato and Highway 44. It is about 123 kilometres (76 mi) long.

The highway passes near Beechy, White Bear, Kyle, Lacadena, Tyner, Plato, and Clearwater Lake Regional Park. It connects with Highways 647, 4, and 737.

Saskatchewan Highway 44
Highway 44 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 7 near Alsask to Highway 11 near Davidson. It crosses the South Saskatchewan River atop the Gardiner Dam and provides access to Danielson Provincial Park. The highway is about 329 kilometres (204 mi) long.
John Cartwright (political reformer)
John Cartwright (17 September 1740 – 23 September 1824) was an English naval officer, Nottinghamshire Militia major and prominent campaigner for parliamentary reform. He subsequently became known as the 'Father of Reform'. His younger brother Edmund Cartwright became famous as the inventor of the power loom.

Edmund Cartwright
Edmund Cartwright  FSA (24 April 1743 – 30 October 1823) was an English inventor. He graduated from Oxford University and went on to invent the power loom. Married to local Elizabeth McMac at 19, he was the brother of Major John Cartwright, a political reformer and radical, and George Cartwright, explorer of Labrador.
Tajikistan Independence Day Military Parade
The Tajikistan Independence Day Military Parade is the main event of the Independence Day of Tajikistan. This parade is held every 5 years in Dushanbe on September 9. The participants in the parade are from agencies of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan. The parade route is made up of Rudaki Avenue, Dousti Square and Hofizi Sherozi Avenue.

Independence Day (Tajikistan)
The Independence Day of Tajikistan (Tajik: Рӯзи Истиқлолияти Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Russian: День независимости Таджикистана), officially known as the Day of State Independence of the Republic of Tajikistan, is the main national holiday of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Sanlu Group
Sanlu Group CO., Ltd. (SJZSGCZ) was a Chinese dairy products company based in Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei. It produced one of the oldest and most popular brands of infant formula in China. New Zealand's Fonterra owned 43% of Sanlu.

In September 2008, it was involved in an adulterated powdered milk scandal, affecting some 294,000 Chinese infants and killing six. Their infant formula had been adulterated with melamine, which can cause kidney stones and other complications. It received a bankruptcy order from Shijiazhuang Court on 24 December 2008, and several of its top managers were sentenced to long prison terms.

Fonterra
Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited is a New Zealand multinational publicly traded dairy co-operative owned by New Zealand farmers. The company is responsible for approximately 30% of the world's dairy exports and has revenue exceeding NZ $22 billion, making it New Zealand's largest company. It is the sixth-largest dairy company in the world as of 2022, as well as the largest in the Southern Hemisphere.

Fonterra was established in October 2001 following the merger of the country's two largest dairy co-operatives, New Zealand Dairy Group (NZDG) and Kiwi Cooperative Dairies, with the New Zealand Dairy Board. The name Fonterra comes from Latin fons de terra, meaning "spring from the land".
Minnie the Minx
Minnie the Minx, is a comic strip character published in the British comic magazine The Beano. Created and originally drawn by Leo Baxendale, she first appeared in issue 596, dated 19 December 1953, making her the third longest running Beano character behind Dennis the Menace and Roger the Dodger. She would later be drawn by Jim Petrie, Tom Paterson, Ken Harrison and Laura Howell. She would also appear in animated films.

Minnie is depicted as a tomboy, with a real name of Hermione Makepeace

Like Desperate Dan from The Dandy, she has a statue in Dundee. In 2021, Minnie the Minx featured on a commemorative UK postage stamp issued by the Royal Mail to mark 70 years of Dennis the Menace.

Roger the Dodger
Roger the Dodger is a comic strip character from the comic magazine The Beano. He first appeared in his eponymous comic strip in 1953, and is one of the longest-running characters, characterised by his tactics for avoiding responsibility and his parents' rules, or simply making chores easier, usually with the help of instructional "dodge" books.
Pōhiva Tuʻiʻonetoa
Pōhiva Tu’i’onetoa (30 June 1951 – 18 March 2023) was a Tongan accountant and politician who served as the prime minister of Tonga from 2019 to 2021. Tu'i'onetoa succeeded Semisi Sika, who had served as acting prime minister, since the death of ʻAkilisi Pōhiva.

Sēmisi Sika
Sēmisi Kioa Lafu Sika (born 31 January 1968) is a Tongan politician, businessman, and former member of the Tongan Parliament from 2010 to 2021. He served as acting prime minister in September 2019, following the death of ʻAkilisi Pōhiva.