hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judicial Conference of the United States
The Judicial Conference of the United States, formerly known as the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, was created by the United States Congress in 1922 with the principal objective of framing policy guidelines for administration of judicial courts in the United States. The Conference derives its authority from 28 U.S.C. § 331, which states that it is headed by the chief justice of the United States and consists of the chief justice, the chief judge of each court of appeals federal regional circuit, a district court judge from various federal judicial districts, and the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade.

Chief judge (United States)
A chief judge (also known as presiding judge, president judge or principal judge) is the highest-ranking or most senior member of a lower court or circuit court with more than one judge. According to the Federal judiciary of the United States, the chief judge has primary responsibility for the administration of the court. Chief judges are determined by seniority. The chief judge commonly presides over trials and hearings. In the Supreme Court of the United States the highest-ranking member is the Chief Justice of the United States.
Chhattisgarh State Men's Football League Championship
The Chhattisgarh State Men's Football  League Championship is the top state-level football league in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is organised by Chhattisgarh Football Association (CGFA).

The inaugural season kicked off on 29 March 2022 with 8 teams competing for the maiden title.

Chhattisgarh Football Association
The Chhattisgarh Football Association (CFA) is the state governing body of football in Chhattisgarh, India. It is affiliated with the All India Football Federation, the national governing body. It sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Rajmata Jijabai Trophy.
Iraqi Republican Guard
The Iraqi Republican Guard (IRG; Arabic: حرس العراق الجمهوري, romanized: Ḥaras al-ʿIrāq al-Jamhūrīy) was a branch of the Iraqi military from 1969 to 2003, which existed primarily during the presidency of Saddam Hussein. Initially a praetorian guard unit tasked with the sole purpose to protect the president of Iraq, it grew exponentially during the Iran-Iraq War, transforming into an elite force of the Iraqi Armed Forces. It later became known as the Republican Guard Corps, and then the Republican Guard Forces Command (RGFC) with its expansion into two corps. The Republican Guard was disbanded in 2003 after the invasion of Iraq by a U.S.-led international coalition.

The Republican Guard were the elite troops of the Iraqi army directly reporting to Hussein, unlike the paramilitary force Fedayeen Saddam, and the regular Iraqi Army. They were better trained, disciplined, equipped, and had higher salaries than ordinary Iraqi soldiers, receiving bonuses, new cars, and subsidized housing.

Fedayeen Saddam
Fedayeen Saddam (Arabic: فدائيي صدام, romanized: Fidā'iyyī Saddām) was an Iraqi fedayeen paramilitary militia organization loyal to the Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein. The group's name means "Saddam's Men of Sacrifice". At its peak, they had 30,000 to 40,000 members. The Fedayeen operated outside the law and were not bound by any political structures.
1963 West Bromwich by-election
The 1963 West Bromwich by-election was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of West Bromwich in Staffordshire on 4 July 1963.  It was won by the Labour Party candidate Maurice Foley.

1973 West Bromwich by-election
The 1973 West Bromwich by-election of 24 May 1973 was held following the appointment of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Maurice Foley to the European Commission. The constituency, held continuously by Labour since 1935, was retained in this by-election.
Harness racing in Sweden
Harness racing (also known as trotting), is a popular sport in Sweden, with significant amounts of money wagered annually. In Sweden there are 33 harness racing tracks, which hold over 850 meetings annually. There are approximately 3,000 drivers and 6,000 trainers with about 18,000 horses in training.

Betting on horse racing is common in Sweden, the Swedish Horse Racing Totalisator Board being the second-biggest betting company there.

Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, spider, or chariot occupied by a driver. In Europe, and less frequently in Australia and New Zealand, races with jockeys riding directly on saddled trotters (trot monté in French) are also conducted.
Chümoukedima district
Chümoukedima district is the 15th district of the Indian state of Nagaland. It was created on 18 December 2021. The district is bounded by Kohima District to the east, Peren District to the south, Tseminyü District & Niuland District to the  north-east, Dimapur District to the north and Karbi Anglong District of Assam to the west and north-west. The district headquarter is located in the municipality of Chümoukedima.

Kohima district
Kohima district (/koʊˈhiːmə/ ⓘ) is a district of the Indian state of Nagaland. It is the home of the Angami Nagas. As of 2011, it is the most populous district of Nagaland (out of then-12, now 16),  with a population of 267,988, 45% of which resides in urban area. The district is home to 13.55% of Nagaland's entire population. The administrative headquarters of the district is located at Kohima, the capital city of Nagaland. Kohima District is also the seventh-largest district in Nagaland, with an area of 1,207 square kilometres (466 sq mi).
New York State Route 33A
New York State Route 33A (NY 33A) is an east–west state highway mostly located in Monroe County, New York, in the United States. The route is just over 17 miles (27 km) long and serves as an alternate route of NY 33 between the town of Bergen in Genesee County and the city of Rochester in Monroe County. While NY 33 heads to Rochester by way of Churchville and northern Gates, NY 33A dips south to pass through Chili and southern Gates. NY 33A was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, but only from Riga to Rochester. It was extended westward to its current terminus in Bergen c. 1932.

Monroe County, New York
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of New York, located along Lake Ontario's southern shore. As of 2022, the population was 752,035, according to Census Bureau estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Rochester. The county is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. Monroe County is part of the upstate Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
Full-reserve banking
Full-reserve banking (also known as 100% reserve banking) is a system of banking where banks do not lend demand deposits and instead only lend from time deposits. It differs from fractional-reserve banking, in which banks may lend funds on deposit, while fully reserved banks would be required to keep the full amount of each customer's demand deposits in cash, available for immediate withdrawal.

Monetary reforms that included full-reserve banking have been proposed in the past, notably in 1935 by a group of economists, including Irving Fisher, under the so-called "Chicago plan" as a response to the Great Depression. This proposal experienced a resurgence of interest among economists, central bankers, and citizen movements following the 2007-2008 global financial crisis.

Demand deposit
Demand deposits or checkbook money are funds held in demand accounts in commercial banks. These account balances are usually considered money and form the greater part of the narrowly defined money supply of a country. Simply put, these are deposits in the bank that can be withdrawn on demand, without any prior notice.
Nabhi
King Nabhi or Nabhi Rai was the 14th or the last Kulakara of avasarpini (the descending half of the cosmic time cycle in Jainism and the one in which the world is said to be at present). He was the father of Rishabhanatha, the first tirthankara (founder of Jainism) of present avasarpini. According to Jain text Ādi purāṇa, Nabhirāja lived for 1 crore purva and his height was 525 dhanusha (long bows).

According to Jain literature, India was known as Nābhivarṣa (land of Nabhi) before being renamed as Bhāratavarṣa after Bharata, the son of Rishabhanatha. This is also confirmed by Hindu Scriptures in the Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 5, Chapter 7, verse 3.

Bharata chakravarti
In Jainism, Bharata was the first chakravartin (lit. 'holder of a chakra', i.e., emperor) of the Avasarpini (present half-time cycle). He was the eldest son of Rishabhanatha, the first tirthankara. The ancient name of India was named Bhāratavarsha or Bhārat or Bharata-bhumi after him. He had two sons from his chief-empress Subhadra, named Arkakirti and Marichi. He is said to have conquered all six parts of the world and to have engaged in a fight with Bahubali, his brother, to conquer the last remaining city of the world.

According to the Digambara sub-tradition of Jainism, in his later years, he renounced the world, led an ascetic life, and attained kevala jnana (omniscience). According to the Śvetāmbara Jains, he attained kevala jnana (omniscience) after which he renounced the world. He gained kevala jnana when he came to believe that the human body lacked beauty and renounced the world as a kevalajnani (omniscient), and then attained moksha.
Gornji Milanovac
Gornji Milanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Гoрњи Милановац, pronounced [ɡôːrɲiː mǐlanoʋats] ⓘ) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of central Serbia. The population of the town is 23,109, while the population of the municipality is 38,985 (2022 census data).

The town was founded in 1853 as Despotovica (Деспотовица), after the river passing by the town. In 1859 the name was changed to Gornji Milanovac at the request of Prince Miloš Obrenović. Its name means Upper Milanovac (there is a Lower Milanovac as well, while Milanovac was named so in honour of revolutionary Milan Obrenović).

The microregion of Rudnik–Takovo (Serbian: Рудничко-таковски крај), or simply Takovo (Serbian: Таково, Таковски крај), in the broader sense roughly corresponds to the modern municipality of Gornji Milanovac. It includes the southern foothills of the Rudnik mountain, and northern foothills of Suvobor and Maljen. Some villages in the municipality are part of the Kačer region.

Kačer (region)
Kačer (Serbian: Качер) is a historical subregion (or microregion) in Šumadija in central Serbia. The most notable settlements are Ljig, Belanovica and Rudnik. It was a knežina (administrative unit) in Revolutionary Serbia and was then organized as a srez of the Rudnik okrug in the Principality of Serbia.
Technip Energies
Technip Energies NV is a French engineering and technology company for the energy industry and chemicals sector.

It is a spin-off of TechnipFMC but Technip Energies and TechnipFMC are now two independent companies with no capital ties.

TechnipFMC
TechnipFMC plc is a French-American, UK-domiciled global oil and gas company that provides services for the energy industry. The company was formed by the merger of FMC Technologies of the United States and Technip of France that was announced in 2016 and completed in 2017.

TechnipFMC acts in three distinct segments: subsea, offshore, and surface projects. These projects include offshore oil and gas exploration and extraction platforms/rigs. The company is legally domiciled in the UK, and has major operations in Houston and Paris where its predecessor companies were headquartered. It has about 23,000 employees from 126 nationalities and operates in 48 countries. TechnipFMC stock is listed on the NYSE, and is a component of the Russell 1000 Index and the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.
Modiolus (cochlea)
The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. The modiolus consists of spongy bone and the cochlea turns approximately 2.75 times around the central axis in humans. The cochlear nerve, as well as spiral ganglion is situated inside it. The cochlear nerve conducts impulses from the receptors located within the cochlea.

The picture shows the osseous labyrinth. The modiolus is not labeled; it's at the axis of the spiral of the cochlea.

Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, in humans making 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus. A core component of the cochlea is the organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating the fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea.
Gabriele von Lutzau
Gabriele von Lutzau (née Dillmann; born 15 August 1954) is a German heroine and sculptor. She is remembered as the "Angel of Mogadishu" for her courageous actions as a stewardess during a notorious aircraft hijacking. She is also noted for her abstract beechwood sculptures. Through marriage, she became a member of the Russian-German Lutzau family, who were ennobled in Imperial Russia.

Lufthansa Flight 181
Lufthansa Flight 181, a Boeing 737-230C jet airliner (reg. D-ABCE) named Landshut, was hijacked on 13 October 1977 by four militants of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine while en route from Palma de Mallorca, Spain, to Frankfurt am Main, West Germany. The hijacking aimed to secure the release of eleven notorious Red Army Faction leaders held in West German prisons and two Palestinians held in Turkey. This event was part of the so-called German Autumn, intended to increase pressure on the West German government. The hijackers diverted the flight to several locations before ending in Mogadishu, Somalia, where the crisis concluded in the early morning hours of 18 October 1977 under the cover of darkness. The West German counter-terrorism unit GSG 9, with ground support from the Somali Armed Forces, stormed the aircraft, rescuing all 87 passengers and four crew members. The captain of the flight was killed by the hijackers earlier in the ordeal.
Breathless Mahoney
Breathless Mahoney is a fictional character in the American comic strip Dick Tracy, created by Chester Gould. She first appeared in the strip on May 11, 1945, and was apparently killed on August 26, 1946.

The character found worldwide fame in 1990 in the film Dick Tracy, as a villainous nightclub singer played by singer/actress Madonna. The character's glamorous outfits, described extensively in the press, sparked a brief fad for 1940s fashion.

Dick Tracy
Dick Tracy is an American comic strip featuring Dick Tracy, a tough and intelligent police detective created by Chester Gould. It made its debut on Sunday, October 4, 1931, in the Detroit Mirror, and was distributed by the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate. Gould wrote and drew the strip until 1977, and various artists and writers have continued it.

Dick Tracy has also been the hero in a number of films, including Dick Tracy (1990) in which Warren Beatty played the lead.

Tom De Haven praised Gould's Dick Tracy as an "outrageously funny American Gothic", while Brian Walker described it as a "ghoulishly entertaining creation" which had "gripping stories filled with violence and pathos".
Yiling, Yichang
Yiling District (simplified Chinese: 夷陵区; traditional Chinese: 夷陵區; pinyin: Yílíng Qū) is a district of the prefecture-level city of Yichang, Hubei province, People's Republic of China. Created on July 30, 2001, the district includes most of the former Yichang County, with the exception of Yichang center city (which forms Xiling District) and certain southern and western suburbs.

The land area of Yiling District is 3424 square km, population 534,408 (as of 2020).

The district's seat of government is on the northern outskirts of Yichang urban area.

Both Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam are located within the district.

The Xiling Bridge spans the Changjiang (Yangtze River) in the western part of Yiling District, connecting the towns of Letianxi and Sandouping on the northern and southern sides of the river. To add to the confusion, Yiling Bridge is not within Yiling District—rather, it connects the center-city Xiling District with Dianjun District south of the river.

Sandouping
Sandouping (Chinese: 三斗坪; pinyin: Sāndǒupíng) is a town in Yiling District of Yichang prefecture-level city in the Chinese province of Hubei. It is located on the right (southern) bank of the Yangtze River, next to Yiling District's border with Zigui County to the west.  Sandouping is best known as the location of the Three Gorges Dam, which is the world's largest electricity-generating plant of any kind.
South Dakota Highway 13
South Dakota Highway 13 (SD 13) is a 23.835-mile-long (38.359 km) state highway in Moody and Brookings counties in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It connects Flandreau with Elkton. SD 13 was originally part of SD 11's path.

South Dakota Highway 11
South Dakota Highway 11 (SD 11) is a 77.724-mile (125.085 km) state highway in eastern South Dakota, United States. It connects the northern part of the Sioux City metropolitan area with the Sioux Falls metropolitan area.

The highway originally traveled on the current path of SD 115 in Sioux Falls and Dell Rapids, and ended north of Elkton. In the 1930s, SD 11 was shifted to its current alignment; part of the highway became SD 13. The southern segment was added between 1962 and 1971. Part of the highway in Sioux Falls was changed in the early 1990s. The segment between SD 46 and US 18 was added in the 1990s.
Cerithiimorpha
The Cerithiimorpha was a suborder of marine gastropods within the Sorbeoconcha. This taxon is no longer valid according to the current taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.

The previous classification system was as follows:

subclassis = Orthogastropoda

infraclassis = Apogastropoda

superordo = Caenogastropoda

ordo = Sorbeoconcha

subordo = Cerithiimorpha

Sorbeoconcha
Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda.

The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997.
Airvana
Airvana was acquired by CommScope in 2015. Prior to that, the company was an independent provider of small cells and femtocells based on fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and third-generation (3G) CDMA2000 EV-DO mobile broadband technologies.  Airvana products enable mobile operators to deliver 3G and 4G cellular data services indoors.

CommScope
CommScope Holding Company, Inc. is an American network infrastructure provider based in Claremont, North Carolina. CommScope employs over 22,000 employees. The company joined the Nasdaq stock exchange on October 25, 2013.

CommScope designs and manufactures network infrastructure products through its business segments: broadband networks, venue and campus Networks, and outdoor wireless networks.
Shannara
Shannara /ˈʃænərə/ is a series of high fantasy novels written by Terry Brooks, beginning with The Sword of Shannara in 1977 and concluding with The Last Druid which was released in October 2020; there is also a prequel, First King of Shannara. The series blends magic and primitive technology and is set in the Four Lands, which are identified as Earth long after civilization was destroyed in a chemical and nuclear holocaust called the Great Wars. By the time of the prequel First King of Shannara, the world had reverted to a pre-industrial state and magic had re-emerged to supplement science.

In March 2025, Brooks announced his semi-retirement and that Delilah S. Dawson would be taking on the authorship of his Shannara legendarium going forward.

Terry Brooks
Terence Dean Brooks (born January 8, 1944) is an American writer of fantasy fiction. He writes mainly epic fantasy, and has also written two film novelizations. He has written 23 New York Times bestsellers during his writing career, and has sold over 25 million copies of his books in print. He is one of the most successful living fantasy writers. In March 2025, he announced his semi-retirement from writing.
LittleBigPlanet 3
LittleBigPlanet 3 is a 2014 puzzle-platform video game developed by Sumo Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4. It is the third main installment in the LittleBigPlanet series and sixth entry overall. It was announced at Sony's E3 2014 media briefing on 9 June 2014. It was developed primarily by Sumo Digital, with XDev and series creator Media Molecule assisting in an undisclosed capacity.

LittleBigPlanet 3 received generally positive reviews upon release. Critics praised the visuals, the create mode, and new gameplay elements such as the addition of the new characters. The game did however draw criticism for its technical issues and the short length of its campaign mode.

E3 2014
The Electronic Entertainment Expo 2014 (E3 2014) was the 20th E3 held. The event took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California. It began on June 10, 2014, and ended on June 12, 2014, with 48,900 total attendees.

Major exhibitors included Microsoft Corporation, Nintendo, and Sony Computer Entertainment. Exhibitors host their own press conferences usually one day prior to the E3 event, but some companies issued additional information an extra day prior this time.
Pensacola Ice Flyers
The Pensacola Ice Flyers are a professional ice hockey team of the SPHL. The team played their first season in 2009–10. Home games are played at the Pensacola Bay Center, previously home to the ECHL's Pensacola Ice Pilots from 1996 until their folding in 2008.

The "Ice Flyers" name has a double meaning – it is both a tribute to Pensacola's heritage in naval aviation (Naval Air Station Pensacola is home to the legendary Blue Angels and the National Museum of Naval Aviation) and a homage to original owner Tim Kerr, who previously played eleven seasons with the National Hockey League's Philadelphia Flyers.

On April 14, 2013, the Ice Flyers beat the Huntsville Havoc 2–0 in game three of the President's Cup finals to win the franchise's first President's Cup. The win also solidified the city of Pensacola's first professional sports championship. The Ice Flyers have since won the playoff championship in 2014, 2016, and 2021.

SPHL
The SPHL (formerly the Southern Professional Hockey League) is a professional ice hockey independent minor league based in Huntersville, North Carolina, with teams located primarily in the southeastern United States as well as Illinois and Indiana in the midwestern United States.

Following the 2024–25 season, the Evansville Thunderbolts are the reigning President's Cup champions. As of 2024, the Knoxville Ice Bears are the most successful team in SPHL history, having won five William B. Coffey Trophies as the regular season champions and four President's Cup playoff championships. The Peoria Rivermen have also won five William B. Coffey Trophies, while Pensacola has also won four President's Cups.
Crate
A crate is a large shipping container, often made of wood, typically used to transport or store large, heavy items. Steel and aluminium crates are also used. Specialized crates were designed for specific products, and were often made to be reusable, such as the "bottle crates" for milk and soft drinks.

Crates can be made of wood, plastic, metal or other materials. The term crate often implies a large and strong container. Most plastic crates are smaller and are more commonly called a case or container. Metal is rarely used because of its weight. When metal is used, a crate is often constructed as an open crate and may be termed a cage. Although a crate may be made of any material, for these reasons, the term 'crate' used alone often implies one constructed of wood.

Wooden box
A wooden box is a container made of wood for storage or as a shipping container.

Construction may include several types of wood; lumber (timber), plywood, engineered woods, etc.  For some purposes, decorative woods are used.