hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russell County, Kentucky
Russell County is a county located in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,991.  Its county seat is Jamestown and its largest city is Russell Springs. The county was formed on December 14, 1825, from portions of Adair, Cumberland and Wayne Counties and is named for William Russell.

In 2015, the cities of Jamestown and Russell Springs became two of the first gigabit Internet communities in Kentucky with the completion of a state-of-the-art optical fiber network by the local telephone cooperative.

Wolf Creek Dam is located in southern Russell County. The dam impounds Cumberland River to form Lake Cumberland, a major tourism attraction for the county. Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery is also located in Russell County just below the dam.

Until relatively recently Russell County was a dry county, meaning that the sale of alcohol was prohibited. It voted to go "wet" in a referendum held on January 19, 2016, by a margin of 3,833 to 3,423 votes.

Wayne County, Kentucky
Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky along the southern border with Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,555. Its county seat is Monticello. The county, on the south-central border with Tennessee, was named for Gen. Anthony Wayne, a Revolutionary War hero. As of November 3, 2020, Wayne County is a wet county—a measure allowing the sales and consumption of alcoholic drinks passed by a margin of 4,901 for and 3,966 against.
Garter
A garter is an article of clothing comprising a narrow band of fabric fastened about the leg to keep up stockings. In the 18th to 20th centuries, they were tied just below the knee, where the leg is most slender, to keep the stocking from slipping. The advent of elastic has made them less necessary from this functional standpoint, although they are still often worn for fashion. Garters have been widely worn by men and women, depending on fashion trends.

Stocking
Stockings (also known as hose, especially in a historical context) are close-fitting, variously elastic garments covering the leg from the foot up to the knee or possibly part or all of the thigh. Stockings vary in color, design, and transparency. Today, stockings are primarily worn for fashion and aesthetics, usually in association with mid-length or short skirts.
Colorspin
Colorspin (16 March 1983 – 14 August 2012) was a French-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She showed great promise as a two-year-old in 1985 when she won both of her races in convincing fashion. In the following year she finished third in the Musidora Stakes and fourth in The Oaks before recording her biggest success with an easy win in the Irish Oaks. She was beaten in her two remaining starts and was retired racing at the end of the year.

She became an outstanding broodmare, producing the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes winner Opera House, the dual Ascot Gold Cup winner Kayf Tara and the Prix de l'Opéra winner Zee Zee Top.

Zee Zee Top
Zee Zee Top (foaled 21 April 1999) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She did not race until the autumn of her three-year-old season when she won a minor race on her debut and then finished second in the Severals Stakes. In the following year she showed top-class form to win the Middleton Stakes and Prix de l'Opéra as well as being placed in the Pretty Polly Stakes and Nassau Stakes. As a broodmare she produced Izzi Top and Jazzi Top (winner of the Prix de la Nonette).
Tropic of Capricorn (novel)
Tropic of Capricorn is a semi-autobiographical novel by Henry Miller, first published by Obelisk Press in Paris in 1939. A prequel of sorts to Miller's first published novel, 1934's Tropic of Cancer, it was banned in the United States until a 1961 Justice Department ruling declared that its contents were not obscene.

Tropic of Cancer (novel)
Tropic of Cancer is an autobiographical novel by Henry Miller that is best known as "notorious for its candid sexuality", with the resulting social controversy considered responsible for the "free speech that we now take for granted in literature". It was first published in 1934 by the Obelisk Press in Paris, France; however, this edition was banned in the United States. Its publication in 1961 in the United States by Grove Press led to obscenity trials that tested American laws on pornography in the early 1960s. In 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the book non-obscene. It is regarded as an important work of 20th-century literature.
Circle K
Circle K Stores, Inc. is a Canadian chain owned by the Canadian multinational operator Alimentation Couche-Tard, Inc., based in Laval, Quebec. Founded in 1951 in El Paso, Texas, the company filed for bankruptcy protection in 1990 and went through several owners, before being acquired by Alimentation Couche-Tard in 2003. As of February 2020, Circle K has 9,799 stores in North America, 2,697 stores in Europe, and an additional 2,380 stores operating under franchise agreements worldwide.

In 2015, Circle K unveiled a new logo and brand identity, and Couche-Tard announced that it would deploy the brand globally, including Canada (except Quebec, rebranding from the Mac's brand), Europe (rebranding from the Statoil brand), and the United States (rebranding from the Kangaroo Express brand and updating the existing Circle K brand).

Mac's Convenience Stores
Mac's Convenience Stores (known colloquially as Mac's or Mac's Milk) was a chain of convenience stores in Canada. The company was divided into three geographic business units: eastern Canada, central Canada, and western Canada by Circle K. It had been owned and operated by Alimentation Couche-Tard since 1999. Since 2017, it served as one of Couche-Tard's two main banners in English-speaking Canada, alongside Circle K.  The brand has been phased out in favour of the Circle K banner.
IL Hødd
Idrottslaget Hødd is a multi-sports club from Ulsteinvik in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. Founded in 1919, it has sections for team handball, gymnastics and football. It is best known for their men's football team, which since 2015 plays at Høddvoll, whose stated capacity is 4,081. The club's old home ground, Høddvoll Stadion, holds the record attendance of over 12,000 spectators at a match against Vålerenga in 1981.

Hødd are currently playing in 1. divisjon, the second tier of Norwegian football. They played in the top tier in 1966, 1969–72 (4 seasons) and 1995 and is the club that has played most seasons at the second tier. Hødd won the Norwegian Cup in 2012.

Nye Høddvoll
Høddvoll, also known as Nye Høddvoll (lit. 'New Høddvoll'), is a football stadium located in Ulsteinvik, Norway, and is the home of 2. divisjon club Hødd. The stadium has a current capacity of 4,081 spectators.
Compound prism
A compound prism is a set of multiple triangular prism elements placed in contact, and often cemented together to form a solid assembly. The use of multiple elements gives several advantages to an optical designer:

One can achieve spectral dispersion without causing the deviation of the beam at the design wavelength. Thus, light at the design wavelength which enters at an angle  with respect to the optical axis, exits the prism at the same angle with respect to the same axis. This kind of effect is often called "direct vision dispersion" or "nondeviating dispersion".

One can achieve deviation of the incident beam while also greatly reducing the dispersion introduced into the beam: an achromatic deflecting prism. This effect is used in beam steering.

One can tune the prism dispersion to achieve greater dispersion linearity or to achieve higher-order dispersion effects.

Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements with only two parallel surfaces are windows, not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Not all optical prisms are geometric prisms, and not all geometric prisms would count as an optical prism. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include glass, acrylic and fluorite.

A dispersive prism can be used to break white light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) to form a spectrum as described in the following section.  Other types of prisms noted below can be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.
Ba Saw Phyu
Ba Saw Phyu (Burmese: ဘစောဖြူ, Burmese pronunciation: [ba̰ sɔ́ pʰjù]; also spelled Ba Saw Pru, Arakanese pronunciation: [ba̰ sɔ́ pʰɹù]; 1430–1482) was king of Arakan from 1459 to 1482. He acquired Chittagong in 1459, and put down a rebellion there in 1481. He was also known as Kalima Shah by the neighbouring Bengal. He established religious contacts with Ceylon and built the Mahabodhi Shwe-Gu Temple. Though he was beloved by his subjects for his enlightened rule, the king was assassinated by a servant of his eldest son Dawlya.

Min Dawlya
Min Dawlya (Burmese: မင်းဒေါလျာ, Burmese pronunciation: [mɪ́ɴ dɔ́ l̥à], Arakanese pronunciation: [máɴ dɔ́ l̥à]; also known as Mathu Shah; (1456–1492) was king of Arakan, a former state in Myanmar (Burma), from 1482 to 1492.
Robinson Heights
Robinson Heights in Antarctica (71°22′S 166°40′E﻿ / ﻿71.367°S 166.667°E﻿ / -71.367; 166.667﻿ (Robinson Heights)) are the mainly ice-covered heights 2,170 metres (7,120 ft), elliptical in plan and 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long, which rise south of Anare Pass and form the northwest end of the Admiralty Mountains, Antarctica.

Anare Mountains
The Anare Mountains (70°55′S 166°00′E﻿ / ﻿70.917°S 166.000°E﻿ / -70.917; 166.000﻿ (Anare Mountains)) are a large group of mainly snow-covered peaks and ridges along the northern coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. 
The group is bounded on the north and east by the Pacific Ocean, on the west by Lillie Glacier, and on the south by Ebbe Glacier and Dennistoun Glacier. 
They are north of the Concord Mountains and east of the Bowers Mountains.
Elsie Knocker
Elsie Knocker, later Baroness de T'Serclaes, MM, OStJ (née Elizabeth Blackall Shapter; 29 July 1884 – 26 April 1978) was a British nurse and ambulance driver in World War I who, together with her friend Mairi Chisholm, won numerous medals for bravery and for saving the lives of thousands of soldiers on the Western Front in Belgium. Dubbed "The Madonnas of Pervyse" by the press, the two were among the most photographed women of the war.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Blackguard Gully
Blackguard Gully is a heritage-listed former Chinese mining camp and now reserve at Whiteman Avenue, Young, New South Wales, Australia. It was part of the Lambing Flat or Burragorang goldfields, and was a primary location of the anti-Chinese Lambing Flat riots of 1861. The property is owned by the Hilltops Council (formerly the Young Shire Council). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 13 March 2009.

Lambing Flat riots
34°18′57.04″S 148°17′31.86″E﻿ / ﻿34.3158444°S 148.2921833°E﻿ / -34.3158444; 148.2921833

The Lambing Flat riots were a series of violent anti-Chinese demonstrations that took place in the Burrangong region, in New South Wales, Australia. They occurred on the goldfields at Spring Creek, Stoney Creek, Back Creek, Wombat, Blackguard Gully, Tipperary Gully, and Lambing Flat.
United States Team Handball Federation
United States Team Handball Federation was the governing body for handball in the United States from 1959 until 2006. The successor USA Team Handball is funded in part by the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee in 2008.

United States Team Handball Federation organized the participation of U.S. national teams in international competitions, such as the Summer Olympics and the Pan American Games.

USA Team Handball
USA Team Handball is the governing body for handball in the United States. USA Team Handball is funded in part by the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee.
Previously, the governing body was the United States Team Handball Federation.

USA Team Handball is led by an 9-person Board of Directors. The interim president is Patrick Jalabert.

USA Team Handball organizes the participation of U.S. national teams in international competitions, such as the Summer Olympics and the Pan American Games. The United States men's national handball team and the United States women's national handball team have struggled in international competitions against nations where handball is more popular.

USA Team Handball organizes and sanctions the USA Team Handball Nationals and USA Team Handball College Nationals.

On February 3, 2023, CEO Ryan Johnson announced he was stepping down on February 28. President Michael Wall announced Martin Branick was elevated to interim CEO starting March 1.
Tsilhqotʼin National Government
The Tŝilhqot’in National Government (TNG), is a First Nations tribal council representing the Tsilhqotʼin communities of Tl’etinqox, ʔEsdilagh, Yuneŝit’in, Tŝideldel, Tl’esqox and Xeni Gwet’in. Their office is located in Williams Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Tlʼesqox also belongs to the Carrier-Chilcotin Tribal Council, as does Ulkatcho - a community with both Dakelh (Carrier) & Tsilhqotʼin heritage. TNG was established in 1989.

Tlʼesqox First Nation
Tlʼesqox (or Toosey) Indian Band is a Tsilhqotʼin community located west of the Fraser Canyon in the Chilcotin region of the Canadian province of British Columbia.  It is a member of the Carrier-Chilcotin Tribal Council, which includes both Tsilhqotʼin and Carrier (Dakelh) communities.

The Tlʼesqox Indian Band reserve community and offices are located at Riske Creek, which is on the Fraser River just southwest of the city of Williams Lake.
Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital
Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital is a 2013 book by the American sociologist and New York University professor Vivek Chibber.

Drawing from the radical Enlightenment tradition, this book serves as a critique of Postcolonial Theory.

Chibber focuses on the Subaltern Studies section of the theory, and demonstrates how its foundational arguments are based on a series of political and historical misunderstandings.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Allen & Overy
Allen & Overy LLP was a British multinational law firm headquartered in London, England. The firm had 590 partners and over 5,800 employees worldwide.  In 2023 A&O reported an increase in revenue to GBP2.1 billion and was the second largest law firm headquartered in the UK by revenue. In 2024 it merged with Shearman & Sterling to form A&O Shearman.

A&O Shearman
Allen Overy Shearman Sterling LLP (commonly A&O Shearman) is a multinational law firm. The firm was formed as a result of a merger between Magic Circle firm Allen & Overy and white shoe firm Shearman & Sterling, creating a firm estimated to have nearly 4,000 attorneys across 49 offices with a combined revenue of $3.4 billion, making it the third biggest law firm in the world.
Catherine da Costa
Catherine Rachel da Costa (1679–1756), née Mendes, was an English miniaturist. She grew up in London and studied painting under Bernard Lens III. Most of her surviving portraits are of family and friends, and there is also a picture of Mary Queen of Scots. Da Costa was the first female Anglo-Jewish artist of note. In her personal life, she married Moses da Costa and had six children.

Moses da Costa
Moses Mendes da Costa (died 1747), also called Anthony da Costa, was an English banker.

In 1727, Costa brought an action against the Russia Company, which refused to admit him to membership on the ground of his being a Jew. The attorney-general decided that he must be admitted, whereupon the company petitioned Parliament to modify the former's charter so as to give it the right of refusal.
Roland Kpotsra
Yao Roland Kpotsra (February 20, 1947 – October 10, 2018) was a Togolese diplomat and politician. He was Togo's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1996 to 2002 and again from 2007 to 2009; he was also Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2003.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Togo)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Togo is a government minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Togo, responsible for conducting foreign relations of the country.

The following is a list of foreign ministers of Togo since its founding in 1960:

1960–1963: Paulin Freitas

1963–1967: Georges Apedo-Amah

1967–1976: Joachim Hunlede

1976–1978: Edem Kodjo

1978–1984: Anani Akakpo Ahianyo

1984–1987: Atsu Koffi Amega

1987–1991: Yaovi Adodo

1991–1992: Abdou Touré Tchiaka

1992–1994: Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba

1994–1995: Boumbéra Alassounouma

1995............ Yandja Yentchabre (acting)

1995–1996: Barry Moussa Barqué

1996–1998: Koffi Panou

1998–2000: Joseph Kokou Koffigoh

2000–2002: Koffi Panou

2002–2003: Roland Kpotsra

2003–2005: Kokou Tozoun

2005–2007: Zarifou Ayéva

2007–2008: Léopold Gnininvi

2008–2010: Kofi Esaw

2010–2013: Elliott Ohin

2013–present: Robert Dussey
Solovetsky Islands
The Solovetsky Islands (Russian: Соловецкие острова, IPA: [səlɐˈvʲetskʲɪj ɐstrɐˈva]), or Solovki (Russian: Соловки, IPA: [səlɐfˈkʲi]), are an archipelago located in the Onega Bay of the White Sea, Russia. As an administrative division, the islands are incorporated as Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Within the  framework of municipal divisions, they are incorporated as Solovetskoye Rural Settlement within  Primorsky Municipal District. The administrative center of both divisions is the settlement of  Solovetsky, located on Bolshoy Solovetsky Island. Almost all of the population of the islands lives in Solovetsky. As of the 2010 Census, the district had a population of 861 inhabitants.

The Solovetsky Monastery (founded in 1436), in 1923 became the site of the first Gulag establishment, the Solovki prison camp.

Solovetsky Monastery
The Solovetsky Monastery (Russian: Солове́цкий монасты́рь, IPA: [səlɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪj mənɐˈstɨrʲ]) is a fortified monastery located on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea in northern Russia. It was one of the largest Christian citadels in northern Russia before it was converted into a Soviet prison and labor camp in 1926 to 1939, and served as a prototype for the camps of the Gulag system. The monastery has experienced several major changes and military sieges. Its most important structures date from the 16th century, when Filip Kolychev was its hegumen (comparable to an abbot).
Chest radiograph
A chest radiograph, chest X-ray (CXR), or  chest film is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are the most common film taken in medicine.

Like all methods of radiography, chest radiography employs ionizing radiation in the form of X-rays to generate images of the chest. The mean radiation dose to an adult from a chest radiograph is around 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) for a front view (PA, or posteroanterior) and 0.08 mSv (8 mrem) for a side view (LL, or latero-lateral). Together, this corresponds to a background radiation equivalent time of about 10 days.

Projectional radiography
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation. Projectional radiography is not the same as a radiographic projection, which refers specifically to the direction of the X-ray beam and patient positioning during the imaging process. The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images are often examined by radiologists. Both the procedure and any resultant images are often simply called 'X-ray'. Plain radiography or roentgenography generally refers to projectional radiography (without the use of more advanced techniques such as computed tomography that can generate 3D-images). Plain radiography can also refer to radiography without a radiocontrast agent or radiography that generates single static images, as contrasted to fluoroscopy, which are technically also projectional.
Alonso del Castillo Maldonado
Alonso del Castillo Maldonado (died after 1547) was an early Spanish explorer in the Americas.  He was one of the last four survivors of the original members of the 1527 Narváez expedition, along with Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza and his African slave Estevanico. They were the early non-native people to travel and be enslaved in the Southwest region of the modern United States. Castillo Maldonado lived with a Native American tribe in Texas in 1527 and 1528.

Andrés Dorantes de Carranza
Andrés Dorantes de Carranza (ca. 1500 – 1550s), was an early Spanish explorer in the Americas. He was one of the four last survivors of the Narváez expedition, along with Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Alonso del Castillo Maldonado, and Estevanico, Dorantes' slave of African descent.
Ross Smith (darts player)
Ross Smith (born 12 January 1989) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number fifteen; he reached a peak ranking of world number nine in 2024.

Nicknamed "Smudger", Smith won his first PDC major title at the 2022 European Championship, defeating Michael Smith 11–8 in the final. He reached his second major semi-final at the 2024 Players Championship Finals and has finished as runner-up in three events on the PDC European Tour. Smith has won a total of 8 PDC ranking titles in his professional career.

Smith previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) events, and reached the quarter-finals of the BDO World Championship in 2011. In 2013, Smith won four titles on the PDC Development Tour, the most of any player that year.

Michael Smith (darts player)
Michael Colin Smith (born 18 September 1990) is an English professional darts player. Nicknamed "Bully Boy", he competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number thirty-two; he was ranked world number one during the 2023 season. He is a former PDC World Champion, having won the 2023 World Championship after hitting a nine-dart finish in the final. He won his first PDC major title at the 2022 Grand Slam after previously finishing as the runner-up in eight major singles finals, including the World Championship in 2019 and 2022.

He won the World Cup of Darts for England in 2024, partnering Luke Humphries. He has won a total of 26 PDC titles in his professional career, including three World Series of Darts titles and six European Tour titles.

In his youth career, Smith won the 2013 PDC World Youth Championship and five Youth Tour titles.