hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carantanians
Carantanians (Latin: Quarantani, Slovene: Karantanci) were a Slavic people of the Early Middle Ages (Latin: Sclavi qui dicuntur Quarantani, or "Slavs called Carantanians"), living in the principality of Carantania, later known as Carinthia, which covered present-day southern Austria and parts of Slovenia. They are considered ancestors of modern Slovenes, particularly Carinthian Slovenes.

In the High Middle Ages, the term Carantanians and Carinthians were used interchangeably and denoted both the inhabitants of the bilingual Slavic-German Duchy of Carinthia, as well as South Slavs living within the borders of the Holy Roman Empire (that is, the ancestors of present-day Slovenes and Istrian Croats).

Carantania
Carantania, also known as Carentania (Slovene: Karantanija, German: Karantanien, in Old Slavic *Korǫtanъ), was a Slavic principality that emerged in the second half of the 7th century, in the territory of present-day southern Austria and north-eastern Slovenia. Since the middle of the 8th century, it was allied with Bavaria against the Avars, and consequently became a vassal state of the Frankish Empire. In the same time, Christianisation of Carantanian Slavs was initiated, mainly through missionary activities of the Archdiocese of Salzburg. By 828, internal autonomy of the principality was abolished, and the entire Carantanian territory was gradually integrated into the East Frankish administrative system, based on counties and marches. Carantania thus became the predecessor of the March of Carinthia, created within the Carolingian Empire by 889.
PAF Base Masroor
Pakistan Air Force Base Masroor or more simply PAF Base Masroor (ICAO: OPMR) is the largest airbase operated by the Pakistan Air Force. It is located in the Mauripur area of Karachi, in the Sindh province.

The base was originally known as RIAF Base Mauripur (1940-47), RPAF Station Mauripur (1947-56), and after 23 March 1956, as PAF Station Mauripur.

PAF Base Faisal and PAF Base Bholari are the other Pakistan Air Force bases in Karachi.

PAF Base Faisal
Pakistan Air Force Base Faisal (Urdu: پی اے ایف بیس فیصل), founded as RAF Drigh Road, previously known as PAF Station Drigh Road, and now called Shahrah-e-Faisal, is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In 1975, it was named after the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.

It is the site of PAF's Southern Air Command HQ and PAF Air War College.
1922 seizure of church valuables in Russia
The 1922 removal of jewelry from churches in Russia was held by the Bolshevik government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to combat the Russian famine of 1921–1922. During 1922, precious metals and gems were removed by state authorities from churches of all denominations.

Russian famine of 1921–1922
The Russian famine of 1921–1922, also known as the Povolzhye famine (Russian: Голод в Поволжье 'Volga region famine'), was a severe famine in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic that began early in the spring of 1921 and lasted until 1922. The famine resulted from the combined effects of severe drought, the continued effects of World War I, economic disturbance from the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and failures in the government policy of war communism (especially prodrazvyorstka). It was exacerbated by rail systems that could not distribute food efficiently.

The famine killed an estimated five million people and primarily affected the Volga and Ural River regions. Many of the starving resorted to cannibalism. The outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and typhus were also contributing factors to famine casualties.
Gratin dauphinois
Gratin dauphinois (/ˈɡræt.æ̃ ˌdoʊ.fɪˈnwɑː/ GRAT-a doh-fi-NWAH) is a French gratin of sliced raw potatoes baked in cream, from the Dauphiné region in south-eastern France. There are many variants of the name of the dish, including pommes de terre dauphinoise, potatoes à la dauphinoise and gratin de pommes à la dauphinoise.: 725

Gratin
Gratin (French: [ɡʁatɛ̃]) is a culinary technique in which a dish is topped with a browned crust, often using breadcrumbs, cheese, or egg. The term may be applied to any dish made using this method. Gratin is usually prepared in a shallow dish. A gratin is baked or cooked under an overhead grill or broiler to form a golden crust on top, and it is often served in its baking dish.

A gratin dish is a shallow oven-proof container that is commonly used to prepare gratins and similar dishes.
2014 PSA World Series
The PSA World Series 2014 is a series of men's squash tournaments which are part of the Professional Squash Association (PSA) World Tour for the 2014 squash season. The PSA World Series tournaments are some of the most prestigious events on the men's tour. Mohamed El Shorbagy won the 2014 PSA World Series followed by Grégory Gaultier and Ramy Ashour.

2014 PSA World Tour
The PSA World Tour 2014 is the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2014 squash season. The most important tournament in the series is the World Championship held in Doha in Qatar. The tour features three categories of regular events, World Series, which feature the highest prize money and the best fields, International and Challenger.
SM UC-40
SM UC-40 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 20 November 1915 and was launched on 5 September 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 1 October 1916 as SM UC-40. In 17 patrols UC-40 was credited with sinking 30 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-40 was being taken to surrender but foundered in the North Sea en route on 21 January 1919.

Type UC II submarine
The Type UC II submarine was a class of coastal minelaying U-boats designed and built for the Imperial German Navy during World War I. They were a significant improvement over the preceding Type UC I in armament, range and seaking abilities. Construction began in 1915 and by mid-1917 64 Type UC II had been delivered by five shipyards in ten different batches, which had variations in dimensions and performance. By the end of the war, 46 Type UC II were lost. The Type UC II was a very successful design combining torpedo, deck gun and mine armament with a sufficient performance and range to operate around Great Britain. A succeeding Type UC III was ordered and built in large numbers but came too late to see service in World War I.
Leather Archives & Museum
The Leather Archives & Museum (LA&M) is a community archives, library, and museum located in the Rogers Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Founded by Chuck Renslow and Tony DeBlase in 1991, its mission is making “leather, kink, BDSM, and fetish accessible through research, preservation, education and community engagement." Renslow and DeBlase founded the museum in response to the AIDS crisis, during which the leather and fetish communities' history and belongings were frequently lost or intentionally suppressed and discarded.

The LA&M is a leading conservator of queer erotic art. Its permanent collection features some of the most iconic LGBTQ artists of the twentieth century, including most artwork by Bill Schmeling and many works by Dom Orejudos.

The museum is open to patrons 18 years of age and over. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and a member of the Reciprocal Organization of Associated Museums (ROAM). Research assistance is available upon request.

The Hun (cartoonist)
Bill Schmeling (April 30, 1938 – September 12, 2019), better known by his pen name The Hun, was an American artist active in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, known for his explicit, homoerotic fetish illustrations and comics.

Recurring characters in his comics include Big Sig (a naïve but sexually adventurous, semi-literate young man) and Gohr (a barbarian living in a brutal, post-apocalyptic world). His art is characterized by hyper-masculine characters with exaggerated muscles, nipples, and genitalia. Sex scenes routinely involve BDSM with an emphasis on bodily fluids, including urolagnia and scatophilia. Prison rape, fisting, leather and uniform fetishes, and police and military settings are also commonplace.
Virginia State Route 33
State Route 33 (SR 33) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 72.23 miles (116.24 km) from U.S. Route 33 and US 250 in Richmond, Virginia east to Chesapeake Boulevard in Stingray Point.  SR 33 is a state-numbered eastward extension of US 33 that connects Richmond with West Point and the Middle Peninsula, one of three large peninsulas on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia.  The state highway is a major thoroughfare in the downtown and East End areas of Richmond.  SR 33 serves a suburban area in eastern Henrico County before running concurrently with US 60, Interstate 64 (I-64), and SR 30 east toward West Point.  The state highway heads from West Point through Saluda, east of which SR 33 serves as the main highway of Middlesex County.

U.S. Route 33 in Virginia
U.S. Route 33 (US 33) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Elkhart, Indiana to Richmond, Virginia.  In Virginia, the U.S. Highway runs 135.60 miles (218.23 km) from the West Virginia state line near Rawley Springs east to its eastern terminus at SR 33 in Richmond.  US 33 is the primary east–west highway of Rockingham County, which lies in the Shenandoah Valley.  The highway connects the independent city of Harrisonburg (which also serves as the seat of Rockingham County), the town of Elkton, and an entrance to Shenandoah National Park.  East of the Blue Ridge Mountains, US 33 connects the Piedmont communities of Stanardsville, Gordonsville, and Louisa.  The U.S. Highway is a major suburban and urban route in the Richmond metropolitan area.  Within Richmond, US 33 runs concurrently with US 250.  SR 33 continues from US 33's eastern terminus as a state-numbered extension of the U.S. Highway that connects Richmond with Virginia's Middle Peninsula.
War tax due stamp
War tax due stamp is a kind of war tax and postage due stamps that was used for mail when the war tax has not been paid by the sender. They were issued in Romania between 1915 and 1921.

During war the sender of a letter paid a war tax. Then they placed a war tax stamp on the letter showing the tax was paid. If the sender did not do that, a war tax due stamp was applied by the postal service. When the letter was delivered the person receiving the letter paid double the normal rate.

War tax stamp
A war tax stamp is a type of postage stamp added to an envelope in addition to regular postage. It is similar to a postal tax stamp, but the revenue is used to defray the costs of a war; as with other postal taxes, its use is obligatory for some period of time.
Doggett Ford Park
Doggett Ford Park is a 221-acre multi-purpose entertainment complex consisting of an arena, exhibit hall, amphitheater, midway, and 12 youth baseball fields located on I-10 South in Beaumont, Texas. The complex opened in 2003. It is owned by Jefferson County, Texas and operated by OVG360, a division of the Oak View Group. It is the home of the South Texas State Fair.

In 2020, Jefferson County began negotiations to sell Ford Park to Renaissance Development Group, which would add a hotel and a horse-racing track to the complex. The deal fell through in 2022 after Renaissance failed to put additional earnest money towards the $22 million sale price.

The Southeast Texas Ford Dealers have held the naming rights to the complex since 2003, a deal which will expire at the end of 2022.

Ford Arena
The Ford Arena is a 9,737-seat multi-purpose arena in Beaumont, Texas, USA. The arena has 34,000 sq ft of exhibit space available for conventions and exhibitions. It also includes 7 production offices, 3 dressing rooms, a 2,448 sq ft VIP Club, a 1,107 sq ft party patio, concession stands, and restrooms.  It is part of a larger suburban municipal complex called Ford Park. It is currently managed by OVG360, a division of Oak View Group.
Megalocnidae
Megalocnidae is an extinct family (alternatively considered to be a superfamily as Megalocnoidea) of sloths, native to the islands of the Greater Antilles from the Early Oligocene to the Mid-Holocene. They are known from Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, but are absent from Jamaica. While they were formerly placed in the Megalonychidae alongside two-toed sloths and ground sloths like Megalonyx, recent mitochondrial DNA and collagen sequencing studies place them as the earliest diverging group basal to all other sloths. or as an outgroup to Megatherioidea. They displayed significant diversity in body size and lifestyle, with Megalocnus being terrestrial and probably weighing several hundred kilograms, while Neocnus was likely arboreal and similar in weight to extant tree sloths, at less than 10 kilograms.

Megalocnus
Megalocnus ("great sloth" in Greek) is a genus of extinct ground sloths that were native to Cuba during the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. They were among the largest of the Caribbean sloths (Megalocnidae), with individuals estimated to have weighed up to 270 kg (595 lbs) to 200 kg (440 lbs), around the size of a black bear when alive. Its relatives include other megalocnid sloths, such as Acratocnus, Mesocnus, Miocnus, Neocnus and Parocnus. The former species M. zile from Hispaniola is currently thought to be a junior synonym of Parocnus serus.
Nash-Healey
The Nash-Healey is a three-seat luxury sports car or grand tourer produced from 1951 to 1954. It was marketed by the Nash-Kelvinator conglomerate in North America as a halo car to promote sales of its Nash Motors division.

The car resulted from a joint venture between Nash-Kelvinator and British automaker, the Donald Healey Motor Company. Nash supplied the drivetrain from their range-topping Ambassador model, and Healey provided the chassis and early bodies. One year after its introduction, the car was restyled by Pininfarina, and the final assembly was transferred to Italy. Some describe the Nash-Healey as the first sports car introduced in the U.S. by a major automaker after the Great Depression.

Various Nash-Healeys, some modified road cars, and some purpose-built racers competed in several endurance racing events, most notably posting a third-place finish at the 1952 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Nash Ambassador
The Nash Ambassador is a full-size automobile produced by Nash Motors from 1927 until 1957. It was a top trim level for the first five years, then became a standalone luxury model from 1932 onwards. These Ambassadors included high levels of design, equipment, and construction, earning them the nickname "the Kenosha Duesenberg".

Between 1929 and 1934, Nash also produced a line of seven-passenger sedans and limousines. The Ambassador series was the Nash's "flagship" car. This positioning remained following the merger of Nash with Hudson Motor Car Company in 1954 that formed the American Motors Corporation (AMC).

The ongoing use of the Ambassador model name by Nash, and then its successor AMC versions built through the 1974 model year, made it "one of the longest-lived automobile nameplates in automotive history" as of the late 1970s.
Lepton, West Yorkshire
Lepton is a village near Huddersfield, in the civil parish of Kirkburton, in the Kirklees district of West Yorkshire, England. It is 4.25 miles (7 km) to the east of Huddersfield on the A642 road, 120 metres (390 ft) above the town centre directly north of Lepton Great Wood.

Kirkburton
Kirkburton is a village, civil parish and ward in Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It is 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Huddersfield. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the township comprised the villages of Kirkburton and Highburton and several hamlets, including Thunder Bridge, Thorncliffe, Storthes Hall and Linfit. According to the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 26,439, while the village had a population of 4,299.
Long-range dependence
Long-range dependence (LRD), also called long memory or long-range persistence, is a phenomenon that may arise in the analysis of spatial or time series data. It relates to the rate of decay of statistical dependence of two points with increasing time interval or spatial distance between the points. A phenomenon is usually considered to have long-range dependence if the dependence decays more slowly than an exponential decay, typically a power-like decay. LRD is often related to self-similar processes or fields. LRD has been used in various fields such as internet traffic modelling, econometrics, hydrology, linguistics and the earth sciences. Different mathematical definitions of LRD are used for different contexts and purposes.

Self-similar process
Self-similar processes are stochastic processes satisfying a mathematically precise version of the self-similarity property. Several related properties have this name, and some are defined here.

A self-similar phenomenon behaves the same when viewed at different degrees of magnification, or different scales on a dimension.
Because stochastic processes are random variables with a time and a space component, their self-similarity properties are defined in terms of how a scaling in time relates to a scaling in space.
Pacific Bell
The Pacific Bell Telephone Company (Pac Bell) doing business as AT&T California is a telephone company that provides telephone service in California. The company is owned by AT&T through AT&T Teleholdings, and, though separate, is now marketed as “AT&T”.  The company has been known by a number of names during which its service area has changed. The formal name of the company from the 1910s through the 1984 Bell System divestiture was The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. The “Pacific Bell” was phased out of public use in 2002, although it remains the legal name of AT&T's local operating company in California and is still the holder of record for the infrastructure of cables and fiber through much of California.

Ameritech
AT&T Teleholdings, Inc., formerly known as Ameritech Corporation (and, before that, American Information Technologies Corporation), was an American telecommunications company that arose out of the 1984 AT&T divestiture. Ameritech was one of the seven Regional Bell Operating Companies created following the breakup of the Bell System. Ameritech was acquired in 1999 by SBC Communications, which subsequently acquired AT&T Corporation in 2006, becoming the present-day AT&T.
Via XXXI
The item to Laminio, alio itinere Cæsarea Augusta, as it appears in the original document, or Antonine Itinerary A-31, according to the nomenclature adopted by Eduardo Saavedra to classify the Roman roads of Hispania that appear in that document, is a communication route of Ancient Rome through the current Iberian Peninsula. Of all the Hispanic Itineraries, this is one of the most difficult to reconstruct since most of its points of passage have not yet been fully established, among them Laminio, the city of origin, and there are notable discrepancies within the scientific community.

Antonine Itinerary
The Antonine Itinerary (Latin: Itinerarium Antonini Augusti, "Itinerary of the Emperor Antoninus") is an itinerarium, a register of the stations and distances along various roads. Seemingly based on official documents, possibly in part from a survey carried out under Augustus, it describes the roads of the Roman Empire. Owing to the scarcity of other extant records of this type, it is a valuable historical record.
Homoousion
Homoousion (/ˌhɒmoʊˈuːsiɒn, ˌhoʊm-/ HO(H)M-oh-OO-see-on; Ancient Greek: ὁμοούσιον, lit. 'same in being, same in essence', from ὁμός, homós, "same" and οὐσία, ousía, "being" or "essence") is a Christian theological term, most notably used in the Nicene Creed for describing Jesus (God the Son) as "same in being" or "same in essence" with God the Father (ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί). The same term is also applied to the Holy Spirit in order to designate him as being "same in essence" with the Father and the Son. Those notions became cornerstones of theology in Nicene Christianity, and also represent one of the most important theological concepts within the Trinitarian doctrinal understanding of God.

Ousia
Ousia (/ˈuːziə, ˈuːsiə, ˈuːʒə, ˈuːʃə/; Ancient Greek: οὐσία) is a philosophical and theological term, originally used in ancient Greek philosophy, then later in Christian theology. It was used by various ancient Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle, as a primary designation for philosophical concepts of essence or substance. It is analogous to concepts of being and the ontological in contemporary philosophy. In Christian theology, the concept of θεία ουσία (divine essence) is one of the most important doctrinal concepts, central to the development of trinitarian doctrine.

The Ancient Greek term θεία ουσία (theia ousia; divine essence) was translated in Latin as essentia or substantia, and hence in English as essence or substance.
North Clyde Line
The North Clyde Line (defined by Network Rail as the Glasgow North Electric Suburban line) is a suburban railway in West Central Scotland. The route is operated by ScotRail. As a result of the incorporation of the Airdrie–Bathgate rail link and the Edinburgh–Bathgate line, this route has become the fourth rail link between Glasgow and Edinburgh.

Airdrie–Bathgate rail link
The Airdrie–Bathgate rail link is a completed railway project in central Scotland.

Instigated as part of a round of transport improvement projects proposed by the then Scottish Executive in 2003, the plan was to open up a fourth direct railway link between the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. The project was completed in October 2010, at an estimated cost of £300 million. The rail link received the final approval of the Scottish Parliament on 28 March 2007, and the Airdrie-Bathgate Railway and Linked Improvements Act 2007 (asp 19) gained royal assent on 9 May 2007.
Zsa Zsa Gabor
Zsa Zsa Gabor (born Sári Gábor; February 6, 1917 – December 18, 2016) was a Hungarian-American socialite and actress. Her sisters were socialite Magda Gabor and actress and businesswoman Eva Gabor.

Gabor competed in the 1933 Miss Hungary pageant, where she placed as second runner-up. She began her stage career in Vienna the following year. Gabor emigrated from Hungary to the United States in 1941 and became a sought-after actress with "European flair and style". Her first film role was a supporting role in Lovely to Look At, released in 1952. The same year, she appeared in We're Not Married! and in her most famous film, Moulin Rouge. Gabor appeared in more than 70 movies, and her acting career continued into the 1990s.

Outside of her career, Gabor was famous for her glamour, her extravagant Hollywood lifestyle, and her series of marriages. Gabor had nine husbands, including hotel magnate Conrad Hilton and actor George Sanders.

Eva Gabor
Eva Gabor (/ˌeɪvə ɡəˈbɔːr, - ˈɡɑːbɔːr/ AY-və gə-BOR, -⁠ GAH-bor; February 11, 1919 – July 4, 1995) was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite. She gained fame for her role on the 1965–1971 television sitcom Green Acres as Lisa Douglas, the wife of Eddie Albert's character Oliver Wendell Douglas, and also was known for her voice roles for animated Disney films in the 1970s, including Duchess in The Aristocats (1970) and Miss Bianca in The Rescuers (1977) and its sequel The Rescuers Down Under (1990). In addition to acting, she was also a businesswoman who marketed wigs, clothing, and beauty products. Her elder sisters, Zsa Zsa and Magda Gabor, were also actresses and socialites.