hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chippenham (UK Parliament constituency)
Chippenham is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2024 by Sarah Gibson, a Liberal Democrat. The 2024 constituency includes the Wiltshire towns of Calne, Chippenham, Corsham and Royal Wootton Bassett.

In May 2023, the incumbent Chippenham MP, Michelle Donelan, announced she would be standing for the new Melksham and Devizes constituency. In July 2023, the local Conservative Association announced that their candidate for the new Chippenham constituency would be a local unitary councillor, Nic Puntis.

Melksham and Devizes
Melksham and Devizes is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election, when it was won by Brian Mathew of the Liberal Democrats. He defeated Conservative former cabinet minister Michelle Donelan, who had been MP for Chippenham from 2015 to 2024.
Medical humanities
Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of medicine which includes the humanities (philosophy of medicine, medical ethics and bioethics, history of medicine, literary studies and religion), social science (psychology, medical sociology, medical anthropology, cultural studies, health geography) and the arts (literature, theater, film, and visual arts) and their application to medical education and practice.

Medical humanities uses interdisciplinary research to explore experiences of health and illness, often focusing on subjective, hidden, or invisible experience. This interdisciplinary strength has given the field a noted diversity and encouraged creative 'epistemological innovation'.

Medical humanities is sometimes conflated with health humanities which also broadly links health and social care disciplines with the arts and humanities.

Health humanities
Health humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that draws on aspects of the arts and humanities in its approach to health care, health and well-being. It involves the application of the creative or fine arts (including visual arts, music, performing arts) and humanities disciplines (including literary studies, languages, law, history, philosophy, religion, etc.) to questions of human health and well-being. This applied capacity of the humanities is not itself a novel idea; however, the construct of the health humanities only began to emerge in the first decade of the 21st century.
The Daily Texan
The Daily Texan is the student newspaper of the University of Texas at Austin. It is one of the largest college newspapers in the United States, with a daily circulation of roughly 12,000 during the fall and spring semesters, and is among the oldest student newspapers in the South.

The Texan is entirely student-run and independent from the university, although its operations are overseen by Texas Student Media, an entity with faculty, student, and newspaper industry representatives.

Texas Student Media
Texas Student Media (TSM) is an auxiliary enterprise of the University of Texas at Austin (UT) and the largest student media operation in the United States, serving more than 53,000 students and 20,000 employees. Each year, more than 1,500 students and 15 professional staff members contribute to TSM.

In the late 2000s and early 2010s, TSM was under severe financial constraints, and in 2015, funding of up to $250,000 a year was allocated to cover anticipated deficits. Since then, TSM has been in much stronger financial shape. For the first half of fiscal year 2024-25, TSM reported a net income of $273,848 and total equity amounting to more than $2 million.
Battle of Fariskur (1250)
The Battle of Fariskur was the last major battle of the Seventh Crusade. The battle was fought on 6 April 1250, between the Crusaders led by King Louis IX of France (later Saint Louis) and Egyptian forces led by Turanshah of the Ayyubid dynasty.

Following the Crusader's early defeat at the Battle of Al Mansurah in February 1250, the Battle of Fariskur resulted in the complete defeat of the crusader army and the capture of Louis IX.

Battle of Mansurah (1250)
The Battle of Mansurah was fought from 8 to 11 February 1250, between Crusaders led by Louis IX, King of France, and Ayyubid forces led by Sultana Shajar al-Durr, vizier Fakhr ad-Din ibn as-Shaikh, Faris ad-Din Aktai, Baibars al-Bunduqdari and Qutuz. It was fought in present-day Mansoura, Egypt.  The Crusader force was enticed into entering the town where it was set upon by the Muslim force.  The Crusaders withdrew in disorder to their encampment where they were besieged by the Muslims. The Crusaders broke-out and withdrew to Damietta in early April.
Old Massett Village Council
Old Massett Village Council (OMVC; Haida: G̱aw X̱aadée Council Née) is a band government of the Haida people, located in Old Massett, on Haida Gwaii. Old Massett Village Council is one of two Canadian band governments for the Haida Nation, the other being Skidegate Band Council. The main governing body of the Haida people is the Council of the Haida Nation, and as such the two band councils function as village governments.

The band was formed in the late 19th century through the consolidation of Haida communities who spoke X̱aad Kíl, the northern dialect of the Haida language.

As of January 2026, the band has 3,329 registered members, 704 of whom live on reserve. It has 27 reserves, with a total area of 9.7 square kilometres (2,400 acres). The band is governed by an elected band council, consisting of one Chief and seven councillors, with elections held every three years.

Haida people
The Haida (English:  /ˈhaɪdə/, Haida: X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat) are an Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. They constitute one of 203 First Nations in British Columbia and 231 federally recognized tribes in Alaska.

Their traditional territory include Haida Gwaii, an archipelago off the coast of British Columbia, and the southern half of Prince of Wales Island, in Southeast Alaska. Their language is Haida, a linguistic isolate. The Haida are known for their craftsmanship, trading skills, and seamanship. They are known to have frequently carried out raids and to have practiced slavery.

In Canada, the Haida are represented by Council of the Haida Nation (CHN), in addition to the two village band governments, Old Massett Village Council and Skidegate Band Council. Federally recognized Haida tribes in the United States include the Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska and the Hydaburg Cooperative Association.
Messageries Maritimes
Messageries Maritimes was a French merchant shipping company. It was originally created in 1851 as Messageries nationales, later called Messageries impériales, and from 1871, Compagnie des messageries maritimes, casually known as "MesMar" or by its initials "MM". Its rectangular house flag, with the letters MM on a white background and red corners, was famous in shipping circles, especially on the Europe-Asia trade lanes.  In 1977 it merged with Compagnie générale transatlantique to form Compagnie générale maritime. In 1996 CGM was privatized and sold to Compagnie Maritime d'Affrètement (CMA) to form CMA CGM.

CMA CGM
Compagnie maritime d'affrètement - Compagnie générale maritime, commonly known as CMA CGM is a French shipping and logistics company founded in 1978 by Jacques Saadé. The name is an acronym derived from its  two predecessor companies, Compagnie Maritime d'Affrètement (CMA) and Compagnie Générale Maritime (CGM), which translate to "Maritime Freighting Company" and "General Maritime Company", respectively.

Headquartered at the CMA CGM Tower in Marseille, France, the group is the third-largest container shipping company in the world. For the 2024 fiscal year, the company reported an annual revenue of US$55.48 billion.

CMA CGM operations include shipping, port operation, supply chain management, and warehousing. The company has a presence in 160 countries with 400 offices, 750 warehouses, 155,000 employees, and a fleet of 593 vessels. CMA CGM serves 420 of the world's 521 commercial ports and operates 257 shipping lines.
Dorothea Ponsonby
Dorothea "Dolly" Ponsonby, Baroness Ponsonby of Shulbrede (née Parry; 1876 – 11 July 1963), was an English writer and close friends of the Llewelyn Davies and du Maurier families. She was the mother of Elizabeth Ponsonby of the Bright Young Things.

Elizabeth Ponsonby
Hon. Elizabeth Ponsonby (28 December 1900 – 31 July 1940) was an English aristocrat who was a prominent member of the Bright Young Things, well-connected socialites who featured heavily in the contemporary tabloid press for what were perceived to be their hedonistic antics.
Climate of Egypt
Egypt essentially has a  hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). The climate is generally extremely dry all over the country except on the northern Mediterranean coast which receives rainfall in winter. In addition to rarity of rain, extreme heat during summer months is also a general climate feature of Egypt although daytime temperatures are more moderated along the northern coast.

Northern coast of Egypt
The Northern Coast of Egypt (Egyptian Arabic: الساحل الشمالى, El Sahel El Shamali) extends for about 1,050 km (650 mi) along the Mediterranean Sea, covering entirely the northern shore of Egypt. It is one of the longest Mediterranean coastlines, and is popularly known because of sandy beaches and clear water.

The city of Alexandria lies at the center of Egypt's Mediterranean coastline in Lower Egypt (northern Egypt), as chosen by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE. The North Coast has been the hub of sea travel between the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile Delta for over 2,300 years. During summer, Egyptians usually travel to the North Coast to flee heat in other towns and cities in Egypt. They stay in villages and resorts located in Sidi Abdel Rahman, El Alamein, and Ras El Hekma, amongst other areas.
Inhalational anesthetic
An inhalational anesthetic is a chemical compound possessing general anesthetic properties that is delivered via inhalation. They are administered through a face mask, laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube connected to an anesthetic vaporiser and an anesthetic delivery system. Agents of significant contemporary clinical interest include volatile anesthetic agents such as isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane, as well as certain anesthetic gases such as nitrous oxide and xenon.

Sevoflurane
Sevoflurane, sold under the brand name Sevorane, among others, and informally known as sevo, is a sweet-smelling, nonflammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used as an inhalational anaesthetic for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. After desflurane, it is the volatile anesthetic with the fastest onset. While its offset may be faster than agents other than desflurane in a few circumstances, its offset is more often similar to that of the much older agent isoflurane. While sevoflurane is only half as soluble as isoflurane in blood, the tissue blood partition coefficients of isoflurane and sevoflurane are quite similar. For example, in the muscle group: isoflurane 2.62 vs. sevoflurane 2.57. In the fat group: isoflurane 52 vs. sevoflurane 50. As a result, the longer the case, the more similar will be the emergence times for sevoflurane and isoflurane.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Psaronius
Psaronius is an extinct genus marattialean tree fern which grew to 10m in height, and is associated with leaves of the organ genus Pecopteris and other extinct tree ferns. Originally, Psaronius was a name for the petrified stems, but today the genus is used for the entire tree fern. Psaronius tree fern fossils are found from the Carboniferous through the Permian.

Marattiaceae
Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about 110 species. Many are different in appearance from other ferns, having large fronds and fleshy rootstocks.
Artigas flag
The Artigas flag is a flag created in the early 19th century by the South American libertador and political leader José Gervasio Artigas. It was originally designed to be the national flag of the Federal League, a confederation of provinces that briefly existed between 1815 and 1820.

Since 1952, it has been one of the national flags of Uruguay and since 1987, the flag of the Argentine province of Entre Ríos. The flag consists of a white horizontal stripe between two blue and red bend. The blue and white stripes come from the flag created by Manuel Belgrano, while the red was added as a symbol of the fight for federalism.

Flag of Uruguay
The national flag of Uruguay (bandera nacional de Uruguay), officially known as the National Pavilion (Pabellón Nacional), is the most important of the three official flags of Uruguay along with the Artigas flag and the flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between triangular and wavy. The flag was first adopted by law on 18 December 1828, and had 19 alternating stripes of white and blue until 11 July 1830, when a new law reduced the number of alternating stripes to nine. The flag was designed by Joaquín Suárez.
Giovan Battista Alberti
Giovan Battista Alberti (1930 – 28 October 2014) was an Italian classical scholar, professor at the University of Florence.

A student of Vittorio Bartoletti and Giorgio Pasquali, Alberti taught Greek Palaeography and Classical Philology at the University of Florence. His main interest was in textual criticism of Greek classics and in their manuscript transmission, with special interest for Apollonius of Rhodes, Herodotus and Thucydides. His monographs include a handbook on textual criticism of Greek and Latin classics, with theoretical remarks, and a complete critical edition of Thucydides. He was thesis advisor to Rosario Pintaudi.

Alberti died on 28 October 2014.

Rosario Pintaudi
Rosario Pintaudi (born 10 November 1947) is an Italian papyrologist and archaeologist, who taught at the University of Messina and directed archaeological excavations at Medinet Madi (1995–2007) and Antinoöpolis (2000–...).
Placide Viel
Placide Viel (26 September 1815 — 4 March 1877), born Eulalie-Victoire Jacqueline Viel, was a French Roman Catholic professed religious and mother general who was active in organizing relief during the Franco-Prussian War.

Viel joined the Sisters of the Christian Schools in 1833 with the order's founder and mother general Saint Marie-Madeleine Postel being her aunt and served alongside her in various capacities. Viel made extensive travels setting up branches of the order and made several trips to Paris to collect funds for the order's expansion while later travelling across Europe as her aunt's successor for the order's continued growth.

Her beatification was celebrated in 1951.

Marie-Madeleine Postel
Marie-Madeleine Postel (28 November 1756 – 16 July 1846), born Julie Françoise-Catherine Postel, was a French Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Sisters of Christian Schools. Postel was also a member from the Third Order of Saint Francis and had served as a schoolteacher after the French Revolution where she oversaw the education of around 300 children. The Revolution saw her use her then-disbanded school to house fugitive priests despite the great risk that posed to her own life.

Postel's beatification was celebrated in 1908 and Pope Pius XI later canonized her in mid-1925.
Committed information rate
In a Frame Relay network, committed information rate (CIR) is the bandwidth for a virtual circuit guaranteed by an internet service provider to  work under normal conditions. Committed data rate (CDR) is the payload portion of the CIR.

At any given time, the available bandwidth should not fall below this committed figure. The bandwidth is usually expressed in kilobits per second (kbit/s).

Above the CIR, an allowance of burstable bandwidth is often given, whose value can be expressed in terms of an additional rate, known as the excess information rate (EIR), or as its absolute value, peak information rate (PIR). The provider guarantees that the connection will always support the CIR rate, and sometimes the EIR rate provided that there is adequate bandwidth. The PIR, i.e. the CIR plus EIR, is either equal to or less than the speed of the access port into the network. Frame Relay carriers define and package CIRs differently, and CIRs are adjusted with experience.

Peak information rate
Peak information rate (PIR) is a burstable rate set on routers and/or switches that allows throughput overhead. Related to committed information rate (CIR) which is a committed rate speed guaranteed/capped. For example, a CIR of 10 Mbit/s PIR of 12 Mbit/s allows you access to 10 Mbit/s minimum speed with burst/spike control that allows a throttle of an additional 2 Mbit/s; this allows for data transmission to "settle" into a flow. PIR is defined in MEF Standard 10.4 Subscriber Ethernet Service Attributes

Excess information rate (EIR) is the magnitude of the burst above the CIR (PIR = EIR + CIR).

Maximum information rate (MIR) in reference to broadband wireless refers to maximum bandwidth the subscriber unit will be delivered from the wireless access point in kbit/s.
Bocking, Essex
Bocking is a suburban village on the northern side of Braintree, in Essex, England.

Bocking village was historically in two parts; the original settlement around the parish church became known as Bocking Churchstreet,  while a separate linear settlement called Bocking grew up a little way to the south along Bradford Street and The Causeway, adjoining the northern edge of Braintree. The parish of Bocking was abolished in 1934, merging with Braintree to become the urban district of Braintree and Bocking, which was in turn abolished in 1974 to become part of Braintree District. Both parts of Bocking now form part of the Braintree built up area.

Bocking forms an electoral division for Essex County Council elections, and gives its name to Bocking Blackwater, Bocking North and Bocking South wards of Braintree District Council.

Braintree and Bocking
51°52′40″N 0°33′12″E﻿ / ﻿51.8779°N 0.5533°E﻿ / 51.8779; 0.5533

Braintree and Bocking was an urban district in Essex, England. It was created in 1934 as a merger of the old urban district of Braintree with the neighbouring parish of Bocking. The district was abolished in 1974 and now forms part of the wider Braintree District.
Mega-Anime
Mega-Anime is a Russian distributor of anime content from Japan. It was founded in 2005. It was founded by Megaliner Entertainment.

The company competes with MC Entertainment, fellow Russian anime distributor. The company distributes anime in full Russian dubbing. In 2007, it was announced that Mega-Anime acquired the licenses to Bleach and Death Note, which later happened 2008. The company is based in Moscow.

MC Entertainment
MC Entertainment was a Russian distributor of anime and films from Japan, United States, Germany, Great Britain, China, Thailand and South Korea. The company, headed by Dmitry Fedotkin, was founded in 2000. As of 2007, it is the largest anime company in Russia. It is also the first Russian company aimed exclusively at the anime market. MC Entertainment was one of the founders of AnimeGid magazine, as well as Moscow Anime Festival and anime*magazine sponsor.

Until 2006 MC Entertainment did not have any rivalries, becoming a monopolist on Russian anime market. In the beginning of 2006  its first competitor XL Media appeared, later was founded other anime companies Mega-Anime and Reanimedia.
Buchholz's ordinal
In mathematics, ψ0(Ωω), widely known as Buchholz's ordinal, is a large countable ordinal that is used to measure the proof-theoretic strength of some mathematical systems. In particular, it is the proof-theoretic ordinal of the subsystem -CA0 of second-order arithmetic; this is one of the "big five" subsystems studied in reverse mathematics (Simpson 1999). It is also the proof-theoretic ordinal of , the theory of finitely iterated inductive definitions, and of , a fragment of Kripke–Platek set theory extended by an axiom stating every set is contained in an admissible set. Buchholz's ordinal is also the order type of the segment bounded by  in Buchholz's ordinal notation . Lastly, it can be expressed as the limit of the sequence: , , , ...

Ordinal analysis
In proof theory, ordinal analysis assigns ordinals (often large countable ordinals) to mathematical theories as a measure of their strength. 
If theories have the same proof-theoretic ordinal they are often equiconsistent, and if one theory has a larger proof-theoretic ordinal than another it can often prove the consistency of the second theory.

In addition to obtaining the proof-theoretic ordinal of a theory, in practice ordinal analysis usually also yields various other pieces of information about the theory being analyzed, for example characterizations of the classes of provably recursive, hyperarithmetical, or  functions of the theory.
Klatičevo
Klatičevo is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 281 people.

The village was active in the Serbian Revolution, being organized into the knežina (administrative unit) of Brusnica (Takovo) during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13). The revolutionary Milovan Topalović came from the village.

Gornji Milanovac
Gornji Milanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Гoрњи Милановац, pronounced [ɡôːrɲiː mǐlanoʋats] ⓘ) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of central Serbia. The population of the town is 23,109, while the population of the municipality is 38,985 (2022 census data).

The town was founded in 1853 as Despotovica (Деспотовица), after the river passing by the town. In 1859 the name was changed to Gornji Milanovac at the request of Prince Miloš Obrenović. Its name means Upper Milanovac (there is a Lower Milanovac as well, while Milanovac was named so in honour of revolutionary Milan Obrenović).

The microregion of Rudnik–Takovo (Serbian: Рудничко-таковски крај), or simply Takovo (Serbian: Таково, Таковски крај), in the broader sense roughly corresponds to the modern municipality of Gornji Milanovac. It includes the southern foothills of the Rudnik mountain, and northern foothills of Suvobor and Maljen. Some villages in the municipality are part of the Kačer region.
Thomas Elrington (bishop)
Christianity portal

Thomas Elrington (18 December 1760 – 12 July 1835) was an Irish academic and bishop who served as the 25th Provost of Trinity College Dublin from 1811 to 1820. He was Donegall Lecturer in Mathematics from 1790 to 1795 at Trinity College Dublin. While at Trinity College, he also served as Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics from 1795 to 1799 and Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy from 1799 to 1807.

He also held several ecclesiastical seals, such as Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, then Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe (1820-1822), and finally Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin until his death in 1835.

Donegall Lectureship at Trinity College Dublin
The Donegall Lecturership at Trinity College Dublin, is one of two endowed mathematics positions at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), the other being the Erasmus Smith's Chair of Mathematics. The Donegall (sometimes spelt Donegal) Lectureship was endowed in 1668 by The 3rd Earl of Donegall. In 1675, after the restoration, it was combined with the previous public Professor in Mathematics position that had been created in 1652 by the Commonwealth parliament.

For much of its history, the Donegall Lectureship was awarded to a mathematician as an additional honour which came with a supplementary income. Since 1967, the lectureship has been awarded to a leading international scientist who visits the Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics and gives talks, including a public lecture called the Donegall Lecture.