hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Enyne metathesis
An enyne metathesis is an organic reaction taking place between an alkyne and an alkene with a metal carbene catalyst forming a butadiene. This reaction is a variation of olefin metathesis.

The general scheme is given by scheme 1:

When the reaction is intramolecular (in an enyne) it is called ring-closing enyne metathesis or RCEYM (scheme 2):

with Y representing oxygen or nitrogen and n an integer.

The reaction was first described in 1985 with the conversion of biphenyl 3.1 to a phenanthrene in scheme 3:

The carbene is a tungsten carbonyl when used in stoichiometric amounts (1 equivalent) yields 41% of the phenanthrene 3.2 and when used in catalytic amounts phenanthrene 3.3. The stereoselectivity of this reaction is large with the metal atom exclusively adding to one of the alkyne carbon atoms in the initial reaction step.

Olefin metathesis
In organic chemistry, olefin metathesis or alkene metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the breaking and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds. Because of the relative simplicity of olefin metathesis, it often creates fewer undesired by-products and hazardous wastes than alternative organic reactions. For their elucidation of the reaction mechanism and their discovery of a variety of highly active catalysts, Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R. Schrock were collectively awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York
Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York (1355 – 23 December 1392) was the daughter of King Peter and his mistress María de Padilla (d. 1361). She accompanied her elder sister, Constance, to England after Constance's marriage to John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and married Gaunt's younger brother, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York.

Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was the fifth son (fourth surviving) of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Like many medieval English princes, Edmund gained his nickname from his birthplace: Kings Langley Palace in Hertfordshire. He was the founder of the House of York, but it was through the marriage of his younger son, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, to Anne de Mortimer, great-granddaughter of Edmund's elder brother Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, that the House of York made its claim to the English throne in the Wars of the Roses. The other party in the Wars of the Roses, the incumbent House of Lancaster, was formed from descendants of Edmund's elder brother John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, Edward III's third son.
Chain-ladder method
The chain-ladder or development  method is a prominent actuarial loss reserving technique. 
The chain-ladder method is used in both the property and casualty and health insurance fields. Its intent is to estimate incurred but not reported claims and project ultimate loss amounts.
The primary underlying assumption of the chain-ladder method is that historical loss development patterns are indicative of future loss development patterns.

Loss reserving
Loss reserving is the calculation of the required reserves for a tranche of insurance business, including outstanding claims reserves.

Typically, the claims reserves represent the money which should be held by the insurer so as to be able to meet all future claims arising from policies currently in force and policies written in the past.

Methods of calculating reserves in general insurance are different from those used in life insurance, pensions and health insurance since general insurance contracts are typically of a much shorter duration. Most general insurance contracts are written for a period of one year, and typically there is only one payment of premium at the start of the contract in exchange for coverage over the year. Reserves are calculated differently from contracts of a longer duration with multiple premium payments since there are no future premiums to consider in this case. The reserves are calculated by forecasting future losses from past losses.
Wentworth Club
Wentworth Club is a privately owned golf club and country club in Virginia Water, Surrey, on the south western fringes of London, not far from Windsor Castle. The club was founded in 1922. Beijing-based Reignwood Group bought the club in September 2014 and implemented a new debenture membership structure, starting at £100,000. The debenture is now estimated at £200,000.

Wentworth is home to the headquarters of the PGA European Tour, the professional golf tour. Each year, it hosts the Tour's PGA Championship, which is played on the club's West Course. Wentworth was the venue of the 1953 Ryder Cup and of the World Match Play Championship from 1964 until 2007.

Volvo World Match Play Championship
The Volvo World Match Play Championship was an annual match play men's professional golf tournament which was staged from 1964 to 2014.

The World Match Play Championship was a limited field event, originally contested by just eight players before being expanded to sixteen in 1977, and to 24 in 2011. In 2004 it became an official tournament on the European Tour for the first time, having previously been a designated "approved special event". The event was traditionally played in the autumn, usually in October, but moved to a May date in 2011. Previous sponsors have included Piccadilly, Suntory, Toyota, Cisco, HSBC and Volvo.

The Wentworth Club near London was host venue for the World Match Play for the first 45 years. From 2009 to 2012 the event was played at the Finca Cortesín Golf Club in Casares near Málaga, Spain. In 2013, the event was held at the Thracian Cliffs Golf & Beach Resort in Kavarna, Bulgaria, and in 2014, it was held at the London Golf Club in Kent, England.
Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari
Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari (Malayalam: സയ്യിദ് ഇബ്റാഹീം ഖലീല്‍ അല്‍ ബുഖാരി) (Arabic: السيد ابراهيم الخليل البخاري) is the founder and chairman of Ma'din Academy and adviser of World Interfaith Harmony Week. He is a Sunni Islamic scholar, joint secretary of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama, general secretary of Kerala Muslim Jamaat, a body of various Muslim organizations in Kerala and listed in The Muslim 500.

Ma'din
Ma'din Academy registered as Ma'dinu Ssaquafathil Islamiyya under Societies Registration Act of 1860. No:  1004/99, established in 1997, is an institution in India which runs 45 educational institutions and charity with 25,000 students. Its headquarters is located in Malappuram, Kerala, India. It operates various facilities such as an orphanage, schools, colleges, and a technical centre. As a Sunni educational institute, it is recognised by the Kerala government and registered under society act.  Ma'din conducts various programs with the theme of interfaith harmony and tolerance. Ma'din is a partner in G20 Interfaith Summit held every year. To promote harmony and tolerance Ma'din releases an international journal named Armonia.
100 West 33rd Street
100 West 33rd Street is a building in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, New York, United States. It was designed by Daniel Burnham, and opened in 1929. It was the flagship store of the Gimbels department store chain until 1986. Abraham & Straus replaced Gimbels in 1989, was converted to Stern's in 1995, and closed in 2001. JCPenney filled the vacancy in 2009 and closed in 2020. The interior mall concourse was known as the A&S Plaza from 1989 until 1995, and the Manhattan Mall from 1995 until 2021, during which period the upper levels were converted to office space and the remaining retail tenants relocated.

As of 2022, the former mall concourse functions as a large lobby for the office space above. The building allows direct access to Sixth Avenue, and has entrances to the New York City Subway's 34th Street–Herald Square station and the PATH's 33rd Street station on the second basement level.

33rd Street station (PATH)
The 33rd Street station is a terminal station on the PATH system. Located at the intersection of 32nd Street and Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) in the Herald Square neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan, New York City, it is served by the Hoboken–33rd Street and Journal Square–33rd Street lines on weekdays, and by the Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken) line on late nights, weekends, and holidays. 33rd Street serves as the northern terminus of all three lines.
Weird West (video game)
Weird West is an action role-playing video game developed by WolfEye Studios and published by Devolver Digital. The game was released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on March 31, 2022, and for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S subtitled Definitive Edition on May 8, 2023.

Raphaël Colantonio
Raphaël Colantonio (born 1971) is a French video game designer, and was the founder and for 18 years president of Arkane Studios. He has served as creative director on several of Arkane's titles, including co-creator with Harvey Smith for the Dishonored series.
Daimler-Benz DB 605
The Daimler-Benz DB 605 is a German aircraft engine built during World War II. Developed from the DB 601, the DB 605 was used from 1942 to 1945 in the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, and the Bf 110 and Me 210C heavy fighters.

The DB 610, a pair of DB 605s geared to turn a single output shaft that replaced the similar DB 606, was used in the A-3 and all A-5 variants of Germany's only operational heavy bomber, the Heinkel He 177A.

License-built versions of the DB 605 were used in the Macchi C.205, Fiat G.55, Reggiane 2005 and some other Italian aircraft. It was also used in the Swedish SAAB B 18B and initially in the pusher-design SAAB J 21. Approximately 42,400 DB 605s of all kinds were built.

Daimler-Benz DB 603
The Daimler-Benz DB 603 was a German aircraft engine used during World War II. It was a liquid-cooled 12-cylinder inverted V12 enlargement of the 33.9 Liter DB 601, which was in itself a development of the DB 600. Production of the DB 603 commenced in May 1942, and with a 44.5 liter (44,500 cc) displacement, was the largest displacement inverted V12 aircraft engine to be used in front line aircraft of the Third Reich during World War II.

The DB 603 powered several aircraft, including the Do 217 N&M, Do 335, He 219, Me 410, BV 155 and Ta 152C.
2024 NBL Finals
The 2024 NBL Finals was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball League's 2023–24 season.

As Australia and New Zealand participated in 2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualification, the league took a break during the FIBA international window of 18–28 February 2024.

2023–24 NBL season
The 2023–24 NBL season was the 46th season of the National Basketball League since its establishment in 1979. A total of ten teams contested in the 2023–24 season.

Australian broadcast rights to the season are held by ESPN in the third season of a three-year deal. All games are available live on ESPN and the streaming platform Kayo Sports. Network 10 will broadcast two Sunday afternoon games on 10 Peach and 10 Play. In New Zealand, Sky Sport will continue as the official league broadcaster.

As Australia and New Zealand participated in 2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualification, the league took a break during the FIBA international windows of 19–30 November 2023 and 18–28 February 2024.

The Tasmania JackJumpers won their maiden NBL championship after defeating Melbourne United in the Grand Final series, becoming the first Tasmanian NBL champions since Launceston Casino City in 1981.
Traditional games of Korea
Traditional games of Korea (Korean: 전통놀이; Hanja: 傳統놀이; RR: jeontongnori) have been influenced by the culture, history and environment of Korea. Examples of popular traditional games include jegichagi, neolttwigi, ssireum, tuho, yut, biseokchigi and paengichigi.

Neolttwigi
Neolttwigi or nol-ttwigi (Korean: 널뛰기; lit. board jumping) is a traditional game of Korea typically played by women and girls on traditional holidays such as Korean New Year, Chuseok, and Dano.

Neolttwigi is similar to seesaw, except that participants stand on each end of the neol (board) and jump, propelling the person opposite into the air. When performed as a spectacle, acrobatic tricks such as flips or skipping rope while in the air are often included.

It is thought that yangban women developed neolttwigi to see over the walls that surrounded their homes, as women in traditional Korea were rarely allowed out of their living compounds, except at night. According to a legend, a wife who wanted to see her husband, trapped in a prison beyond a high wall, could catch a glimpse of her husband's face by using a neolttwigi in collaboration with another prisoner's wife.
London GAA
The London County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) or London GAA is one of the county boards outside Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in London. The county board is also responsible for the London county teams and schools.

The county football team compete in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship on an annual basis, the only English-based team to do so. They participate in the Connacht Senior Football Championship, as the Irish community in London is considered as part of the province of Connacht.

The county hurling team competed in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, but having been relegated during the preliminary group stage of the Leinster Championship in the 2014 season, the team currently plays in the third tier Christy Ring Cup.

London county football team
The London county football team represents London in men's Gaelic football and is governed by London GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Connacht Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

London's home ground is McGovern Park, South Ruislip. The team's manager is Michael Maher.

London defeated Sligo to reach the Connacht Senior Championship final in 2013, but has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship nor the National League.
Administrative centre
An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county seat or town, or the place where the central administration of a commune or equivalent subdivision, is located.

In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland and many African countries, a chef-lieu (French pronunciation: [ʃɛfljø], pl. chefs-lieux, lit. 'chief place'  or 'main place') is a town or city that is important from an administrative perspective.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
John L. Magee (chemist)
John Lafayette Magee (October 28, 1914 – December 16, 2005) was an American chemist known for his work on kinetic models of radiation chemistry, especially the Samuel-Magee model for describing radiolysis in solution.

Spur (chemistry)
A spur or track in radiation chemistry is a region of high concentration of chemical products after ionizing radiation passes through. The spur model, proposed by Samuel and Magee in 1953, describes the kinetic behavior of reaction spurs involving one type of radicals in a diffusion-driven environment. The spurs from gamma rays or X-rays are considered to be spherical, while those from alpha particles are cylindrical, also called tracks.
Double trap
Double trap is a shotgun shooting sport, one of the ISSF shooting events. Participants use a shotgun to attempt to break a clay disk flung away from the shooter at high speed.

The layout of double trap shooting is similar to that of trap shooting. The shooter stands 16 yards behind the house that releases the targets. Two targets are released simultaneously from the house. They follow set paths, usually 35 degrees to left and right of straightaway. The shooter can take one shot at each target.

ISSF shooting events
The International Shooting Sport Federation recognizes several shooting events, some of which have Olympic status. They are divided into four disciplines: rifle, pistol, shotgun and running target.

The main distinctions between different rifle events are the distances to the target and the shooting positions used. For the other disciplines, the position is always standing, and changes include limits to shooting times and different types of targets.
Nociceptor
A nociceptor (from Latin  nocere 'to harm or hurt') is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending "possible threat" signals to the spinal cord and the brain. The brain creates the sensation of pain to direct attention to the body part, so the threat can be mitigated; this process is called nociception.

Nociception
In physiology, nociception /ˌnəʊsɪˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, also nocioception (from Latin  nocere 'to harm/hurt'), is the sensory nervous system's process of encoding noxious stimuli. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal to trigger an appropriate defensive response.

In nociception, intense chemical (e.g., capsaicin present in chili pepper or cayenne pepper), mechanical (e.g., cutting, crushing), or thermal (heat and cold) stimulation of sensory neurons called nociceptors produces a signal that travels along a chain of nerve fibers to the brain. Nociception triggers a variety of physiological and behavioral responses to protect the organism against an aggression, and usually results in a subjective experience, or perception, of pain in sentient beings.
Un funeral de locos
Un funeral de locos is a 2025 comedy film directed by Manuel Gómez Pereira from an adapted screenplay by Yolanda García Serrano based on the British film Death at a Funeral written by Dean Craig. Its cast features Quim Gutiérrez, Ernesto Alterio, Inma Cuesta, Gorka Otxoa, Hugo Silva, Belén Rueda, Arturo Valls, Secun de la Rosa, Antonio Resines, Jordi Sánchez, Santi Ugalde, and Esmeralda Pimentel.

Death at a Funeral (2007 film)
Death at a Funeral is a 2007 British comedy film directed by Frank Oz. This is the original version of Dean Craig’s screenplay, focusing on a family attempting to resolve a variety of problems when they attend the funeral of the patriarch.
Bill Bolling
William Troy Bolling (born June 15, 1957) is an American businessman, politician and educator who served as the 39th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 2006 to 2014.

A member of the Republican party, he was elected twice to the position by defeating his Democratic opponent in both the 2005 and 2009 general elections. He was the first lieutenant governor in the Commonwealth of Virginia to serve two consecutive terms since Don Beyer.  He was succeeded by Democrat Ralph Northam after the 2013 general election.

2005 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2005 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 2005, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. Republican nominee Bill Bolling narrowly defeated Democrat Leslie Byrne despite incumbent Lieutenant Governor Tim Kaine's victory in the concurrent gubernatorial election.
Wine cave
Underground Wine cellars are subterranean structures for the storage and the aging of wine. They are an essential part of the global wine industry. The construction of wine caves involves specialized underground building techniques to create optimal conditions for wine preservation.

The use of extensive underground spaces for wine storage extends the tradition of  wine cellar, offering advantages such as energy efficiency and efficient land use. Wine caves naturally maintain high humidity and cool temperatures, both of which are crucial for the proper storage and aging of wine.

Wine cellar
A wine cellar is a storage room for wine in bottles or barrels, or more rarely in carboys, amphorae, or plastic containers. In an active wine cellar, important factors such as temperature and humidity are maintained by a climate control system. In contrast, passive wine cellars are not climate-controlled, and are usually built underground to reduce temperature swings. An aboveground wine cellar is often called a wine room, while a small wine cellar (fewer than 500 bottles) is sometimes termed a wine closet. The household department responsible for the storage, care and service of wine in a great mediaeval house was termed the buttery.  Large wine cellars date back over 3,700 years.
Fusiform face area
The fusiform face area (FFA, meaning spindle-shaped face area) is a part of the human visual system (while also activated in people blind from birth) that is specialized for facial recognition. It is located in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), in the fusiform gyrus (Brodmann area 37).

Fusiform gyrus
The fusiform gyrus, also known as the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, is part of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe in Brodmann area 37. The fusiform gyrus is located between the lingual gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus above, and the inferior temporal gyrus below. Though the functionality of the fusiform gyrus is not fully understood, it has been linked with various neural pathways related to recognition. Additionally, it has been linked to various neurological phenomena such as synesthesia, dyslexia, and prosopagnosia.
Congo Pedicle
The Congo Pedicle (at one time referred to as the Zaire Pedicle; in French, la botte du Katanga, meaning 'Katanga boot') is the southeast salient of the Haut-Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which divides neighbouring Zambia into two lobes. In area, the pedicle is similar in size to Wales or New Jersey. 'Pedicle' is used in the sense of 'a little foot'. 'Congo Pedicle' or 'the Pedicle' is also used to refer to the Congo Pedicle road, which crosses it.

The Congo Pedicle is an example of the boundaries imposed by European powers on Africa in the wake of the Scramble for Africa, which were set by European interests and usually did not consider pre-existing political or tribal boundaries.

As it is located at the country's southeastern extremity, its eastern end is closer to the capital cities of 17 other African countries than its own, Kinshasa.

Congo Pedicle road
The Congo Pedicle road (at one time referred to as the 'Zaire Pedicle road') crosses the Congolese territory of the Congo Pedicle and was constructed by and is maintained by Zambia to connect its Copperbelt and Luapula Provinces. Both the road and the territory may be referred to as ‘the Pedicle’. It is designated as the N36 Route on the Congolese Road Network.

It connects the M3 road at Chembe, Luapula Province with the M5 road at Mufulira, Copperbelt Province via Mokambo. For thirty years, the Congo Pedicle road has been a major development issue in northern Zambia.