hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mannlicher M1888
Within military 8 mm firearms, the Repeating Rifle Mannlicher 1888, better known as the Mannlicher M1888, was a bolt-action rifle used by several armies from 1888 to 1945. Derived from the M1885 and later M1886 models, it was Ferdinand Mannlicher's third rifle that utilized the "en bloc clip".

It was succeeded by the Mannlicher M1895 as the standard service rifle of the Austro-Hungarian Army. The M95 uses a more secure rotating-bolt, in contrast to the M88's wedge-lock bolt.

Mannlicher M1895
The Mannlicher M1895 (German: Infanterie Repetier-Gewehr M.95, Hungarian: Gyalogsági Ismétlő Puska M95; "Infantry Repeating-Rifle M95") is an Austro-Hungarian straight pull bolt-action rifle, designed by Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher that used a refined version of his revolutionary straight-pull action bolt, much like the Mannlicher M1890 carbine. It was nicknamed the Ruck-Zuck-[Gewehr] by Austrian troops (ruck-zuck spoken as "roock-tsoock", in common language meaning "back and forth [rifle]") and "Ta-Pum" by Italian troops who wrote a song (it) about it during World War I. The primary producers were the ŒWG in Steyr, and FÉG in Budapest.

Originally they were chambered for the round nosed 8×50mmR cartridge, but almost all of the rifles were rechambered to accept the more powerful and longer range spitzer 8×56mmR cartridge in the 1930s.
Waniya Hudson
Waniya LaRyn Hudson (born June 2, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Damallsvenskan club Kristianstad. She played college soccer for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. She is the older sister of fellow soccer player Wrianna Hudson.

Wrianna Hudson
Wrianna Hudson (born November 15, 2005) is an American college soccer player who plays as a forward for the Florida State Seminoles. She led the Seminoles to the 2025 national championship as a sophomore and was named the NCAA Tournament Most Outstanding Offensive Player. She is the younger sister of fellow soccer player Waniya Hudson.
DZJ-08
The DZJ-08 (Chinese: 08式80毫米单兵多用途攻坚弹系统; pinyin: 08 Shì 80 háomǐ dān bīng duō yòngtú gōngjiān dàn xìtǒng; lit. 'Type 08 80 millimetre Individual Multipurpose Assault Ammunition System') is a portable, disposable, unguided, shoulder-launched, multipurpose recoilless weapon. The weapon is designed as a multi-role assault weapon aiming to provide anti-armor, anti-fortification, and anti-personnel capability.

Designed and manufactured by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army, the Type 08 is the successor to the Type 89A multipurpose rocket launcher.

PF-89
The PF-89 or Type 89 is a portable, disposable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled rocket launcher. Developed by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the PF-89 was designed to replace the obsolete Type 69 RPG, providing a man-portable, single-use assault weapon system that could be used mainly by infantry squads to engage and defeat light armour and bunkers.

Its design permits accurate delivery of a rocket-propelled 80mm high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead, with negligible recoil. The PF-89 entered mass production in 1993, and generally replaced the Type 69 RPG in the PLA throughout the 1990s. Since 2010, the system has been used along with the more advanced Type 08 recoilless gun.
Old City Hall (Portland, Maine)
The Old City Hall of Portland, Maine, was located in what was then known as Market Square or Haymarket Square (Monument Square today) between 1833 and 1888, when it was demolished. In 1862, it was replaced by an earlier version of today's City Hall located on Congress Street, a short distance northeast of the original location.

Portland City Hall (Maine)
Portland City Hall is the center of city government in Portland, Maine. The fourth city hall built in Portland, it is located at 389 Congress Street, on a prominent rise, anchoring a cluster of civic buildings at the eastern end of Portland's downtown. The structure was built between 1909 and 1912 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
CD Guadalajara (Spain)
Club Deportivo Guadalajara, S.A.D. is a Spanish football club based in Guadalajara, in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Founded in 1947 it currently plays in Primera Federación – Group 1, holding home matches at Estadio Pedro Escartín, with a capacity for 6,000 seats.

Estadio Pedro Escartín
Estadio Pedro Escartín is a multi-use stadium in Guadalajara, Spain.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home stadium of CD Guadalajara of the Primera Federación.  The stadium holds 6,000 spectators and opened in 1967.  The stadium is named after Pedro Escartín. In 2017, the stadium also hosted the rugby union test match between Spain and England Counties XV on 3 June 2017, as well the women's rugby union test between Spain and France on 11 November 2017.
Yue (state)
Yue (Chinese: 越), also known as Yuyue (於越 or 于越), was a state in ancient China which existed during the first millennium BC – the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China's Zhou dynasty – in the modern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu. Its original capital was Kuaiji (modern Shaoxing); after its conquest of Wu, Yue relocated its court north to the city of Wu (modern-day Suzhou). Yue was conquered by Chu in 333 BC.

Wu (state)
Wu (Chinese: 吳; pinyin: Wú) was a state during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period, outside the Zhou cultural sphere. It was also known as Gouwu (句吳) or Gongwu (工/攻吳) from the pronunciation of the local language. Wu was located at the mouth of the Yangtze River east of the State of Chu and south of the State of Qi. Its first capital was at Meili (梅里, in modern Wuxi), then Helü's City (闔閭, in present-day Xueyan town near Wuxi), and later moved to Gusu (姑蘇, probably in modern Suzhou).
Stratagem of Peshawar
The Stratagem of Peshawar was a campaign of the Durrani empire led by Azim Khan Barakzai against the Nawab of Amb, Mir Nawab Khan Tanoli. Azim Khan who was the half-brother of Dost Muhammad Khan, the King of Afghanistan.

Azim Khan invited Mir Nawab to settle the dispute between Amb and Durrani, but Azim Khan was actually readying for a battle there. When Mir Nawab and his few soldiers reached Jamrud, Azim Khan attacked Mir Nawab's army by encircling their army. The army of Mir Nawab was at a positional disadvantage on the battlefield against the guns and cannon of Azim Khan Barakzai.

As result, Mir Nawab Khan Tanoli was killed, resulting in a major loss to the Kingdom of Amb, which was already greatly embattled against the Sikh Empire. The Nawab of Amb lost their territory and was wiped out.

Amb (princely state)
Amb (Urdu, Hindko: امب) was a princely state within the Hazara Tribal Agency of North-West Frontier Province, British India, ruled by the Tanoli tribe. Together with the neighbouring estate of Phulra, the tract was known as "Feudal Tanawal". Its total area was 203 mi2 (530 km2) while population was 48,656 in 1951. The Nawab of Amb Muhammad Farid Khan acceded to Pakistan after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. Today Amb is a part of Mansehra District of Hazara Division.

Amb came under the British suzerainty after the Second Anglo-Sikh War, with Mir Jehandad Khan providing much assistance to the East India Company against the Sikhs. The Amb Nawabs also provided military services to the British Empire in the Second Anglo-Afghan War. At the end of December 1947, the Nawab of Amb acceded to Pakistan while retaining internal self-government. Amb continued as a princely state of Pakistan until 1969, when it was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).
Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W204)
The Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W204) is the third generation of the Mercedes-Benz C-Class. It was manufactured and marketed by Mercedes-Benz in sedan/saloon (2007–2014), station wagon/estate (2008–2014) and coupé (2011–2015) bodystyles, with styling by Karlheinz Bauer and Peter Pfeiffer.

The C-Class was available in rear- or all-wheel drive, the latter marketed as 4MATIC. The W204 platform was also used for the E-Class Coupé (C207).

Sub-models included the C 200 Kompressor, the C 230, the C 280, the C 350, the C 220 CDI, and the C 320 CDI. The C 180 Kompressor, C 230, and C 200 CDI were available in the beginning of August 2007. The W204 station wagon was not marketed in North America.

Production reached over 2.4 million worldwide, and the W204 was the brand's best selling vehicle at the time.

Mercedes-Benz E-Class (C207)
The C207/A207 Mercedes-Benz E-Class are coupé and convertible models based on the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212) sedan chassis. It was produced between 2008 and 2017 as the successor to the previous C209/A209 CLK-Class. The body styles of the range are 2-door coupé (C207) and 2-door convertible (A207).

The coupé and cabriolet vehicles were never offered in the high-performance Mercedes-AMG variants, unlike its predecessor. E350 and E400 coupé models were also available in all-wheel drive 4MATIC variants from 2012.

It was replaced by the C238/A238 E-Class in 2017 for the 2018 model year.
Daubhill railway station
Daubhill railway station was a station on the original route of the Bolton and Leigh Railway. It served the Daubhill area of south west Bolton. It was open from 1831 until its replacement in 1885 by a later station.

Rumworth and Daubhill railway station
Rumworth and Daubhill railway station was in the Daubhill area of south-west Bolton, Greater Manchester, on a deviation of the original Bolton Great Moor St to Kenyon Junction line. The station replaced an earlier station on the original line of the railway that had been served by a stationary engine. It was open from 1885 until 1952 for passengers and 1965 for freight.
Plaza Las Delicias
Plaza Las Delicias is the main plaza in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico.  The square is notable for its fountains and for the various monuments it contains. The historic Parque de Bombas and Ponce Cathedral buildings are located within the plaza, which actually consists of two squares: Plaza Muñoz Rivera on the north end, and Plaza Degetau on the southern end. The square is the center of the Ponce Historic Zone, and it is flanked by the historic Ponce City Hall to the south, the early 19th-century Teatro Fox Delicias to the north, the NRHP-listed Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño and Banco de Ponce buildings to the east, and the Armstrong-Poventud Residence to the west. The square dates back to the early Spanish settlement in Ponce of 1670. It is the main tourist attraction of the city, receiving about a quarter of a million visitors per year.

Plaza Muñoz Rivera
Plaza Muñoz Rivera, formally Plaza Luis Muñoz Rivera, is the smaller of the two plazas at Plaza Las Delicias in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico. It is located on the north side of Plaza Las Delicias, north of the larger southern Plaza Degetau. The square is notable for its fountains and for the Luis Muñoz Rivera statue. The historic Parque de Bombas and Ponce Cathedral buildings are located immediately to the south of Plaza Muñoz Rivera. The square is at the center of the Ponce Historic Zone, and is flanked by the Armstrong-Poventud Residence to the west, the Teatro Fox Delicias to the north, and Catholic University of Puerto Rico School of Architecture to the east. The square dates back to the early Spanish settlement in Ponce of 1670. It is the main tourist attraction of the city, receiving about a quarter of a million visitors per year.
Kambonde kaMpingana
Kambonde II kaMpingana (1865 – 22 June 1909) was the omukwaniilwa of Ondonga from 1884 until his death in 1909. He was the brother of Nehale lyaMpingana, with whom he shared a prolonged power struggle over control of the Ondonga. His reign was marked by political divisions within the Ondonga and increasing European influence in the region.

Nehale lyaMpingana
Nehale lyaMpingana, commonly also King Nehale, (c. 1850 – 14 April 1908) was the omukwaniilwa (king) of the Ondonga people, a subtribe of the Ovambo, in German South West Africa. Their tribal area is situated around Namutoni on the eastern edge of Etosha pan in today's northern Namibia.

He ruled the eastern part of Ondonga as a parallel king, having broken away from the authority of his older brother, King Kambonde kaMpingana, who ruled western Ondonga. His reign was marked by strong resistance to European colonial influence, particularly against the German and South African settlers. King Nehale is a National Hero of Namibia.
Jim Sharp (bull rider)
James Carroll Sharp (born October 6, 1965) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding. In 1988, he became the first bull rider in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA)'s National Finals Rodeo history to successfully ride each of his 10 bulls during the champion-crowning event. The record-breaking performance earned Sharp his first of two PRCA World Champion Bull Rider titles. He rode professionally for nearly 20 years, and was a co-founder of the Professional Bull Riders (PBR). He is considered among the most talented bull riders in history.

In 2023, Sharp was ranked No. 3 on the list of the top 30 bull riders in PBR history.

Professional Bull Riders
The Professional Bull Riders, Inc. (PBR) is an international professional bull riding organization headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. It is the largest bull riding league in the world, sanctioning hundreds of events every year in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Australia. Over 800 bull riders from said countries, as well as others hold PBR memberships.
John Dickson (minister)
John Dickson was a 17th-century minister from Rutherglen in Scotland. He was a Covenanting field-preacher and a close associate of John Blackadder.
For preaching outdoors without a licence he was imprisoned on the Bass Rock from 1 September 1680 to 8 October 1686.

John Blackadder (preacher)
John Blackadder (or Blackader) (1615–1685) was an eminent Presbyterian Covenanter preacher in Scotland during the period of the Commonwealth of England (1649–1660). Of the times MacPherson said that "after the first rejoicings of the Restoration were over, the Covenanters — Resolutioners as well as Protesters — were speedily disillusioned, and it became evident that the aim of Charles II and the junta of self-seeking noblemen who were in control of the affairs of Scotland was to establish in Scotland something approximating to an oriental despotism. The Presbyterian system, in which an Assembly of ministers and elders controlled the affairs of the Kirk, had to be supplanted by an Episcopal, with a hierarchy controlled by the Crown and easily manipulated in the interests of tyrannical rule." Despite a government ban he continued to preach in the fields. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1681 and died in jail on the Bass Rock.
Doug Sahm
Douglas Wayne Sahm (November 6, 1941 – November 18, 1999) was an American musician, singer-songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist from San Antonio, Texas.  He is regarded as a key Tex-Mex music and Texan Music performer.  San Antonio's conjunto and blues and later the hippie scene of San Francisco helped create his blend of music, with which he found success performing in 1970s Austin, Texas.

He made his recording debut as "Little Doug" in 1955. In 1965, Huey P. Meaux produced Sahm and the Sir Douglas Quintet's "She's About a Mover."  Atlantic Records signed Sahm and released his debut solo album Doug Sahm and Band in 1973.  In 1989, Sahm formed the supergroup the Texas Tornados with fellow Tex-Mex musicians Augie Meyers, Freddy Fender and Flaco Jiménez. The Texas Tornados toured successfully, and one of their releases earned a Grammy Award.  In 1999, Sahm died during a vacation trip.

Flaco Jiménez
Leonardo "Flaco" Jiménez (March 11, 1939 – July 31, 2025) was an American singer-songwriter and accordionist from San Antonio, Texas. The nickname 'Flaco' means 'skinny'. He is known for having played conjunto, norteño and tejano. Jiménez was a solo performer and session musician, as well as a member of the Texas Tornados and Los Super Seven.

Over the course of his seven-decade career, he received numerous awards and honors, including Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Grammys, Americana Music Awards, Tejano Music Awards, and Billboard magazine.
Folsom site
The Folsom Site or Wild Horse Arroyo, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 29CX1, is a major archaeological site about 8 miles (13 km) west of Folsom, New Mexico.  It is the type site for the Folsom tradition, a Paleo-Indian cultural sequence dating to between 11000 and 10000 BC. The Folsom Site was excavated in 1926 and found to have been a marsh-side kill site or camp where 32 bison had been killed using distinctive tools, known as Folsom points.  This site is significant because it was the first time that artifacts indisputably made by humans were found directly associated with faunal remains from an extinct form of bison from the Late Pleistocene. The information culled from this site was the first of a set of discoveries that would allow archaeologists to revise their estimations for the time of arrival of Native Americans on the North American continent.

Folsom tradition
The Folsom tradition is a Paleo-Indian archaeological culture that occupied much of central North America from c. 10800 BCE to c. 10200 BCE. The term was first used in 1927 by Jesse Dade Figgins, director of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. The discovery by archaeologists of projectile points in association with the bones of extinct Bison antiquus, especially at the Folsom site near Folsom, New Mexico, established much greater antiquity for human residence in the Americas than the previous scholarly opinion that humans in the Americas dated back only 3,000 years. The findings at the Folsom site have been called the "discovery that changed American archaeology."
Phytomyxea
The Phytomyxea are a class of parasites that are cosmopolitan, obligate biotrophic protist parasites of plants, diatoms, oomycetes and brown algae. They are divided into the orders Plasmodiophorida (ICZN, or Plasmodiophoromycota, ICBN) and Phagomyxida. Plasmodiophorids are best known as pathogens or vectors for viruses of arable crops (e.g. club root in Brassicaceae, powdery scab in potatoes, and rhizomania in beets, especially sugar beets and some spinaches).

Powdery scab
Powdery scab is a disease of potato tubers. It is caused by the cercozoan Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea and is widespread in potato growing countries. Symptoms of powdery scab include small lesions in the early stages of the disease, progressing to raised pustules containing a powdery mass. These can eventually rupture within the tuber periderm. The powdery pustules contain resting spores that release anisokont zoospores (asexual spore with two unequal length flagella) to infect the root hairs of potatoes or tomatoes. Powdery scab is a cosmetic defect on tubers, which can result in the rejection of these potatoes.  Potatoes which have been infected can be peeled to remove the infected skin and the remaining inside of the potato can be cooked and eaten.
Gowd-e Zurkhaneh
The Zurkhaneh pit (Persian: Gowd-e Zurkhaneh) is the central section of a Zurkhaneh, where athletes (pahlevans and wrestlers) in Iran practice and perform traditional martial and athletic exercises. The pit is usually built in a circular, polygonal, or shallow rectangular shape, and it is set lower than the surrounding floor so that the athletes remain in the direct sight of the morshed (master) during performance.

Morshed (Zurkhaneh)
A Morshed (Persian: مرشد‎) in the context of the Zurkhaneh (traditional Iranian gymnasium) is the person who plays a large goblet drum (zarb) and recites epic poetry while athletes perform.

The morshed usually sits above the training pit (sardam) and accompanies the exercises with rhythmic drum beats and heroic verses, often selected from the Shahnameh by Ferdowsi. His voice and rhythms guide the athletes and motivate them in their exercises.

Historically, the morshed or kohneh-savar (literally “old rider”) was also responsible for the training and instruction of wrestlers and strongmen. During the session, the kohneh-savar carried a cloth over the shoulder and held a wooden staff called ta‘līmi, sitting by the training pit to supervise and instruct. These elders were among the most experienced and skillful athletes. It is said that the contemporary morshed was formerly called a zarb-gir (“drum keeper”).
H. Radclyffe Roberts
Howard Radclyffe Roberts Jr. (March 26, 1906 – June 11, 1982) was an American entomologist known for his work on grasshoppers. His 1941 University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. dissertation was an early work highlighting the role phallic structures could play in grasshopper taxonomy. While serving in World War II, he and Edward Shearman Ross cowrote The Mosquito Atlas, used by the armed forces to identify malaria-transmitting mosquitos. Roberts worked for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), serving as its managing director from 1947 to 1972. He described dozens of grasshopper species from North and South America, and also is the eponym of several taxa named in his honor.

Edward Shearman Ross
Edward Shearman Ross (September 1, 1915 – March 16, 2016) was an American entomologist. He majored in entomology at the University of California, Berkeley.
Before his PhD was conferred, he worked as curator of insects at the California Academy of Sciences.
He wrote many scientific and popular articles about the biology of the insects.

Ross served in the United States Army and was stationed in the Philippines and New Guinea.

Ross was a fellow of the Entomological Society of America since 1947. He was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1954–1955.

Ross died on March 16, 2016, at his home in Mill Valley at the age of 100.
Benbreen
Benbreen (Irish: Binn Braoin, meaning 'Braon's Peak') at 691 metres (2,267 ft), is the 100th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 122nd–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale.  Benbreen lies in the southern end of the Twelve Bens mountain range in the Connemara National Park in County Galway, Ireland.  Benbreen is the 4th-tallest mountain of the Twelve Bens range, after Benbaun 729 metres (2,392 ft), Bencorr 711 metres (2,333 ft), and  Bencollaghduff 696 metres (2,283 ft).  Benbreen's profile is of a "high narrow rocky ridge with several summits", than a typical "peaked mountain".

Benbaun
Benbaun (Irish: Binn Bhán, meaning 'white peak') is a mountain in County Galway, Ireland. With a height of 729 metres (2,392 ft), it is the 72nd highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 88th highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale.  Benbaun is situated at the centre of the core massif of the Twelve Bens mountain range in the Connemara National Park  and is the tallest mountain of the Twelve Bens range, and the county top for Galway.
Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst
Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, PC (16 November 1684 – 16 September 1775), of Bathurst in the County of Sussex, known as The Lord Bathurst from 1712 to 1772, was a British Tory politician. Bathurst sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1705 until 1712 and then in the British House of Lords until his death in 1775, after being raised to the peerage as Baron Bathurst.

Earl Bathurst
Earl Bathurst, of Bathurst in the County of Sussex, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain.

The medieval English word was Botehurst, thought to date at least from the 13th century. Bote is the origination of Battle, although the family may have settled there post-dating the Conquest. This translated as 'a wood in a wood' which may in contradistinction have meant a clearing. The name of Apsley adopted by the family derived from Thakenham, near Pulborough in east Sussex, which may have referred to apse - lea or a 'church in a meadow'. The Bathurst estates were at Cirencester Park and Paulerspury, Northamptonshire, which Bathursts inherited before the park was laid out in the Cotswolds.