hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spectral submanifold
In dynamical systems, a spectral submanifold (SSM) is the unique smoothest invariant manifold serving as the nonlinear extension of a spectral subspace of a linear dynamical system under the addition of nonlinearities. SSM theory provides conditions for when invariant properties of eigenspaces of a linear dynamical system can be extended to a nonlinear system, and therefore motivates the use of SSMs in nonlinear dimensionality reduction.

SSMs are chiefly employed for the exact model reduction of dynamical systems. For the automated computation of SSMs and the analysis of the reduced dynamics, open source online software packages such as SSMTool and SSMLearn have been published. These tools allow to study system dynamics either from the underlying equations of motion or from trajectory data, supporting both analytical and data-driven approaches. Detailed documentation for SSMTool is provided online.

Invariant manifold
In dynamical systems, a branch of mathematics, an invariant manifold is a topological manifold that is invariant under the action of the dynamical system. Examples include the slow manifold, center manifold, stable manifold,  unstable manifold, subcenter manifold and inertial manifold.

Typically, although by no means always, invariant manifolds are constructed as a 'perturbation' of an invariant subspace about an equilibrium.
In dissipative systems, an invariant manifold based upon the gravest, longest lasting modes forms an effective low-dimensional, reduced, model of the dynamics.
Anglican Diocese of All Nations
The Anglican Diocese of All Nations (formerly known as the Missionary Diocese of CANA West and the Anglican Diocese of the West) is a diocese of the Anglican Church in North America and formerly of the Church of Nigeria North American Mission. It was one of the four missionary dioceses of the Convocation of Anglicans in North America, which was founded in 2005. As such, it had a dual identity as a church body of the ACNA and the Church of Nigeria in the United States, until May 2019.

The diocesan office and the Anglican Cathedral Church of St. Francis are both located in El Paso, Texas. The first bishop is Nigerian-born Felix Orji. Scott Seely is the suffragan bishop.

Church of Nigeria North American Mission
The Church of Nigeria North American Mission (CONNAM) is a missionary body of the Church of Nigeria (CON). It has been in a ministry partnership with the Anglican Church in North America but no longer affiliated with it beyond mutual membership in GAFCON. Founded in 2005 as the Convocation of Anglicans in North America, it was composed primarily of churches that have disaffiliated from the Episcopal Church in the United States of America (ECUSA). CANA was initially a missionary initiative of the Anglican Church of Nigeria for Nigerians living in the United States. It joined several other church bodies in the formation of the Anglican Church in North America in 2009. In 2019, the dual jurisdiction arrangement with the ACNA came to an end, and CANA was reformed as CONNAM, with a special focus on serving Nigerian-American Anglican churches in North America.
Hopton Incline
The Hopton Incline was the steepest stretch of conventional, adhesion-worked standard gauge railway in the UK. The incline was situated in sparsely populated, exposed limestone uplands in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England.

It is possible that steeper stretches were to be found in sidings, but the Hopton Incline was on the former Cromford and High Peak Railway's single-track main line as inherited by British Railways.

Cromford and High Peak Railway
The Cromford and High Peak Railway (C&HPR) was a standard-gauge line between the Cromford Canal wharf at High Peak Junction and the Peak Forest Canal at Whaley Bridge. The railway, which was completed in 1831, was built to carry minerals and goods through the hilly rural terrain of the Peak District within Derbyshire, England. The route was marked by a number of roped worked inclines. Due to falling traffic, the entire railway was closed by 1967.

The remains of the line, between Dowlow and Cromford, has now become the High Peak Trail, a route on the National Cycle Network.
Eric Darnell
Eric Darnell (born 1961) is an American animator, storyboard artist, director, screenwriter, songwriter and occasional voice actor best known for co-directing Antz with Tim Johnson, as well as co-directing and co-writing Madagascar, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted with Tom McGrath, as well as the spin off Penguins of Madagascar (2014) with Simon J. Smith. Darnell now serves as co-founder and chief creative officer of Baobab Studios.

Simon J. Smith
Simon James Smith is a British animator, film director, and voice actor. He is best known for his work at DreamWorks Animation. Smith came to PDI/DreamWorks in 1997 as head of layout for the company's feature film division. A CG animation veteran with nearly 35 years of experience, Smith supervised the layout department on PDI/DreamWorks' first animated feature Antz (1998), serving as the head of layout in Shrek (2001). He then directed the Universal Studios Theatre experience Shrek 4-D, followed by the short Far Far Away Idol. His first feature film as a director was in 2007, with Bee Movie. He then directed another DVD short, Megamind: The Button of Doom, before co-directing, with Eric Darnell, the comedy/spy action spin-off from the Madagascar series, Penguins of Madagascar, the mini series Baymax Dreams for Disney, and is executive producer on Batwheels for Warner Bros.
Shiro Saigo
Shiro Saigo (西郷四郎, Saigō Shirō, February 4, 1866 – December 22, 1922) was one of the earliest disciples of Judo. Saigo, together with Tsunejiro Tomita, became first in history of judo to be awarded Shodan by the founder of judo Jigoro Kano, who established the kyu-dan ranking system. He was one of the Kōdōkan Shitennō or Four Guardians of the Kodokan along with Yoshitsugu Yamashita, Sakujiro Yokoyama, and Tsunejiro Tomita.

Tomita Tsunejirō
Tomita Tsunejirō (富田 常次郎, February 28, 1865 – January 13, 1937), born Yamada Tsunejirō (山田 常次郎), was the earliest disciple of judo. His name appears in the first line of the enrollment book of the Kōdōkan. Tomita, together with Saigō Shirō, became the first in the history of judo to be awarded the rank of Shodan by the founder of judo, Kanō Jigorō, who established the ranking system that is now commonly used in various martial arts around the world. Tomita was known as one of the "Four Kings" of Kōdōkan judo for his victorious efforts in competing against jujitsu schools. He was awarded 7th dan upon his death on January 13, 1937.
Ronnie Gaylord
Ronnie Gaylord (born Ronald L. Fredianelli; June 12, 1930, Detroit—January 25, 2004, Las Vegas) was an Italian-American musician, songwriter, pantomimer, and comedian best known as a member of the band The Gaylords and the music/comedy duo Gaylord and Holiday. Among their many hits are "Tell Me You're Mine", "From the Vine Came the Grape", and "The Little Shoemaker". He adopted the stage name Ronnie Gaylord in the 1950s after going by Ronnie Vincent for a brief period.

The Gaylords (American vocal group)
The Gaylords were an American singing trio, consisting of Ronald L. Fredianelli (June 12, 1930 – January 25, 2004), Bonaldo "Burt" Bonaldi (July 6, 1926 – May 10, 2017), and Don Rea (December 9, 1928 – June 30, 2017). Fredianelli joined the U.S. Army in the 1950s, and was replaced by Bill Christ (September 10, 1930 – October 30, 2017).
Lega Nazionale Dilettanti
The Lega Nazionale Dilettanti (English: National Amateur League) is the league which rules amateur football of Italian Football Federation (FIGC) in Italy.

Founded in 1959 in Rome, it has many leagues inside: a national league, the Inter-regional Committee, which organizes the Serie D championship from 1981, 19 regional leagues organized by 20 Regional Committees (Piedmont and Aosta Valley shared the same committee; South Tyrol and Trentino has its own committee but same regional league), the Women Football Division, and the Futsal Division.

Serie D
The Serie D (Italian pronunciation: [ˈseːrje ˈdi]) is the highest level of semi-professional football in Italy, and the fourth tier of the Italian national league system, the lowest one with a national organization. It sits beneath the third and lowest fully professional league, Serie C, and feeds in to it through promotion and relegation. Serie D is administered by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti and is organized by the Roman Comitato Interregionale (Interregional Committee), a "league in the league" inside the LND.
Line 5 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 5 is a north–south rapid transit line of the Shanghai Metro network, running from Xinzhuang station in Minhang District in the north to Fengxian Xincheng in Fengxian District was originally planned as the Minhang and Fengxian sections of line 1 extending south to Minhang. Despite its numeric designation, it was the fourth Shanghai Metro line to enter passenger service, opening on 25 November 2003. The line is colored violet on system maps.

Xinzhuang station (Shanghai Metro)
Xinzhuang (Chinese: 莘庄; pinyin: Xīnzhuāng) is an interchange station on the Shanghai Metro. It is the southern terminus of Line 1 and the northern terminus of Line 5. It is one of the busiest stations in the Shanghai Metro, serving 230,000 passengers every day. Both Line 1 and Line 5's stations have two side platforms and two tracks, with a wall separating the Line 1 and the Line 5 platforms.

The station opened on Line 1 on 28 December 1996, with the Line 5 interchange having opened on 25 November 2003.
1978 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1978 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1978, to elect the next governor of Tennessee. Although the Tennessee State Constitution had been amended in early 1978 to allow a governor to succeed himself, Incumbent Democratic governor Ray Blanton chose not to seek re-election amid several scandals. Republican Lamar Alexander once again ran for governor. In the general election, Alexander defeated Democratic nominee Jake Butcher with 55.8% of the vote.

Ray Blanton
Leonard Ray Blanton (April 10, 1930 – November 22, 1996) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 44th governor of Tennessee from 1975 to 1979.  He also served three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, from 1967 to 1973.  Though he initiated a number of government reforms and was instrumental in bringing foreign investment to Tennessee, his term as governor was marred by scandal over the selling of pardons and liquor licenses.

To date, Blanton is the last governor of Tennessee to serve only a single term in office. He was succeeded by Lamar Alexander.
2021 Durand Cup final
The 2021 Durand Cup final was the final match of the 2021 Durand Cup, the 130th edition of Asia's oldest football. The tournament is organised by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) of Indian Armed Forces and jointly hosted by the Eastern Command and the Government of West Bengal. It was played at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan in Kolkata, India on 3 October 2021.

Salt Lake Stadium
The Salt Lake Stadium, officially known as Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan (VYBK), is a multi-purpose stadium, used mostly for football matches, located in Salt Lake City, Greater Kolkata, with a capacity of 85,000 spectators. Named after Swami Vivekananda, the stadium is one of the home grounds of East Bengal FC and Mohun Bagan SG. The stadium hosted the final match of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, alongside other matches of the tournament.

The stadium switched back to natural grass from artificial turf, unveiled in a Kolkata Derby match between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan during the 2016 Calcutta Premier Division match.
Raulandsgrend
Raulandsgrend or simply Rauland is a village in Vinje Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located in a mountainous area along the north shore of the lake Totak, about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) to the northwest of the village of Krossen. The lake Møsvatn lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the north and the vast Hardangervidda National Park lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the northwest. The village was once the administrative centre of the old Rauland Municipality which existed from 1860 until 1964.

Vinje
Vinje is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Vest-Telemark which is part of Øvre Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Åmot. Other villages in the municipality include Arabygdi, Edland, Grunge, Haukeli, Krossen, Møsstrond, Nesland, Øyfjell, Raulandsgrend, and Vinje.

The 3,106-square-kilometre (1,199 sq mi) municipality is the 14th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vinje is the 209th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,832. The municipality's population density is 1.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.6/sq mi) and its population has increased by 3% over the previous 10-year period.
Oncolytic herpes virus
Many variants of herpes simplex virus have been considered for viral therapy of cancer; the early development of these was thoroughly reviewed in the journal Cancer Gene Therapy in 2002. This page describes (in the order of development) the most notable variants—those tested in clinical trials: G207, HSV1716, NV1020 and Talimogene laherparepvec (previously Oncovex-GMCSF). These attenuated versions are constructed by deleting viral genes required for infecting or replicating inside normal cells but not cancer cells, such as ICP34.5, ICP6/UL39, and ICP47.

Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1  and 2  (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are two members of the human Herpesviridae family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are very common and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person begins shedding the virus.

As of 2016, about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 had HSV-1. Because it can be transmitted through any intimate contact, it is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.
Deficient number
In number theory, a deficient number or defective number is a positive integer n for which the sum of divisors of n is less than 2n.  Equivalently, it is a number for which the sum of proper divisors (or aliquot sum) is less than n.  For example, the proper divisors of 8 are 1, 2, and 4, and their sum is less than 8, so 8 is deficient.

Denoting by σ(n) the sum of divisors, the value 2n − σ(n) is called the number's deficiency.  In terms of the aliquot sum s(n), the deficiency is n − s(n).

Divisor
In mathematics, a divisor of an integer  also called a factor of  is an integer  that may be multiplied by some integer to produce  In this case, one also says that  is a multiple of  An integer  is divisible or evenly divisible by another integer  if  is a divisor of ; this implies dividing  by  leaves no remainder.
Looped square
The looped square (⌘), also known as Saint John's Arms, Saint Hannes cross (related to Swedish sankthanskors, Danish johanneskors, and Finnish hannunvaakuna), and as the command-key symbol due to its use on the command key on Apple computer keyboards, is a symbol consisting of a square with outward pointing loops at its corners. It is referred to as a looped square, for example, in works regarding the Mississippian culture (approximately 800 AD to 1600 AD). It is also known as the place of interest sign when used on information signs, a practice that started in Finland in the 1950s, spreading to the other Nordic countries in the 1960s.

It is an ancient symbol used by several cultures, and remains in common use today. It belongs to a class of symbols which are called valknute in Norway.

Valknut
The valknut is a  symbol consisting of three interlocked triangles forming subliminal triskelion at its center. It appears on a variety of objects from the archaeological record of the ancient Germanic peoples. The term valknut is a modern development; it is not known what term or terms were used to refer to the symbol historically.

Scholars have proposed a variety of explanations for the symbol, sometimes associating it with the god Odin, and it has been compared to the three-horned symbol found on the 9th-century Snoldelev Stone, to which it may be related.
Guaymas
Guaymas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈgwaj.mas]) is a city in Guaymas Municipality, in the southwest part of the state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico. The city is 134 kilometres (83 mi) south of the state capital of Hermosillo, and 389 kilometres (242 mi) from the U.S. border. The municipality's formal name is Guaymas de Zaragoza and the city's formal name is the Heroica Ciudad de Guaymas.

The city proper is mostly an industrial port and is the principal port for the state of Sonora. The city has a well-attended annual carnival, which has been held since 1888. Nearby, San Carlos and its beaches are major tourist attractions.

Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur
Santa Rosalía is a city and municipal seat of Mulegé Municipality, in Baja California Sur, situated along the Gulf of California. Located on the east coast of the Baja Peninsula, the town had a population of 14,357 inhabitants in 2020. The city was founded as a company town by the French Compagnie du Boleo in 1884, which established the local copper mines. Today the city is a popular tourist destination. In 2023, Santa Rosalía was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.
Mary Abney
Mary, Lady Abney (née Gunston; 1676 – 12 January 1750) inherited the Manor of Stoke Newington in 1701 from her brother. The property lies about five miles north of St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. She had a great influence on the design and landscaping of Abney Park, including the planting of the two elm walks that lead to Hackney Brook.

She is known for having sheltered Dr Isaac Watts, a Nonconformist known as the father of English hymnody for his hundreds of hymns, as a houseguest for 36 years. He was inspired by her park in his writing of hymns and poems.

Isaac Watts
Isaac Watts (17 July 1674 – 25 November 1748) was an English Congregational minister, hymn writer, theologian, and logician. He was a prolific and popular hymn writer and is credited with some 750 hymns. His works include "When I Survey the Wondrous Cross", "Joy to the World", and "O God, Our Help in Ages Past". He is recognised as the "Godfather of English Hymnody"; many of his hymns remain in use today and have been translated into numerous languages.
Ardahan Province
Ardahan Province (Turkish: Ardahan ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Erdêxanê, Georgian: არტაანის რეგიონი, romanized: art'aanis regioni) is a province in the north-east of Turkey, bordering Georgia and Armenia. Its area is 4,934 km2, and its population is 92,481 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Ardahan. Ardahan borders the Turkish provinces of Erzurum, Artvin and Kars.

Ardahan
Ardahan (Georgian: არტაანი, romanized: art'aani; Kurdish: Erdêxan, Armenian: Արդահան, romanized: Ardahan; Russian: Ардаган) is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border. It is the seat of Ardahan Province and Ardahan District. Its population is 22,927 (2021).
Debris (TV series)
Debris is an American science fiction television series that premiered on March 1, 2021, on NBC. The series, produced by Universal Television and Legendary Television, was created and co-executive produced by J. H. Wyman. In May 2021, the series was canceled after one season.

J. H. Wyman
Joel Howard "J. H." Wyman (born January 5, 1967) is a retired actor, film and television screenwriter, producer, and director. He is also a musician. Wyman is perhaps best known for his work  on the Fox science fiction shows Fringe and Almost Human, and wrote and produced the films The Mexican (2001) and Dead Man Down (2013).
Tank District
Tank District (Pashto: ټانک ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع ٹانک ṭāṅk; Saraiki: ٹاک ṭāk) is a district in the Dera Ismail Khan Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

The city of Tank is the headquarter of the district, which consists of Union Council City I and Union Council City II. There are sixteen Union councils in the district Tank. Until 1992, Tank was a tehsil within Dera Ismail Khan district.: 1  Tank is bordered with the district of Lakki Marwat in the northeast, Dera Ismail Khan in the east, FR Tank in the north and the South Waziristan district in the west. The temperature of Tank reaches 110–120 °F in summer. However, in the winter, it is normal. People of the mountainous regions of the west usually come to Tank to avoid cold weather and then return during the summer.

Jandola Tehsil
Jandola Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Tank District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The subdivision borders South Waziristan to the north, south and west and  Lakki Marwat District to the north-east.

The capital is the town of Jandola.

Prior to 2018, this administrative subdivision was known as Tank Subdivision, and formerly also known as Frontier Region Tank. The region was named after Tank District which lied to the south-east. With the dissolution of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and its incorporation into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Frontier Region Tank was reorganizd as Jandola Tehsil within Tank District.
Solah Satra
Solah Satra is a 1990 Indian romance film directed by Munna Rizvi, starring Ektaa and Arbaaz in the lead roles and the debuting Ashwin Verma and Kulbhushan Kharbanda as antagonists. Ajit Vachani, Sushmita Mukherjee and Kunika play supporting roles. Famous Pakistani pop singer Hasan Jahangir made a special appearance in the song "Aapan Ka To Dil Hai Awara". The film was produced by Kiran Vohra under the Vijay Kiran Films banner.

Ekta Sohini
Aarti Bahl, known mononymously as Ektaa and Ektaa Sohini is an Indian actress. After several small 1980s television roles, she made her film debut opposite Arbaaz Ali Khan in the coming-of-age romance film Solah Satra (1990). She starred as Aditya Pancholi's love interest in Naamcheen (1991) and Tahalka (1992).

She is married to actor Mohnish Bahl. Their daughter Pranutan Bahl is also an actress.
Levenmouth
Levenmouth is a conurbation comprising a network of settlements on the north side of the Firth of Forth, in Fife on the east coast of Scotland. It consists of three principal coastal towns; Leven, Buckhaven, and Methil, and a number of villages and hamlets inland. The industrial towns of Buckhaven and Methil lie on the west bank of the River Leven, and the resort town of Leven is on the east bank. The "Bawbee Bridge" links the two sides of the river. Historically, Buckhaven and Methil were joined together as one burgh, while Leven was separate. The area had an estimated population of 37,238 in 2006.

Levenmouth's economy has traditionally been focused on heavy and traditional industries and has struggled economically since the closure of its coal mines. The main employers are Fife Scottish Omnibuses Ltd. Bi-Fab, Diageo, Donaldson Timber, Pfaudler Balfour and Silberline.

Methil
Methil (Scottish Gaelic: Meadhchill) is a coastal town in Fife, Scotland.

Methil has ancient origins: two Bronze Age cemeteries have been discovered which date the settlement as over 8,000 years old. The town was first recorded as "Methkil" in 1207, and belonged to the Bishop of St Andrews. Methil was part of its own barony from 1614 and also part of the former burgh of Buckhaven and Methil, which existed between 1891 and 1975. Previously an industrial maritime powerhouse of the region and once Scotland's greatest coal port, it is now redirecting itself towards a green energy future.

Methil lies on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, between Largo Bay to the east and Wemyss Bay to the west. It is situated within a continuous urban area described as Levenmouth; the River Leven delineates Methil from adjacent towns. The Fife Coastal Path, one of Scotland's Great Trails, runs through Methil. The town has a population of 10,890 (2022).