hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Direction centrale des renseignements généraux
The Direction centrale des renseignements généraux (French pronunciation: [diʁɛksjɔ̃ sɑ̃tʁal de ʁɑ̃sɛɲmɑ̃ ʒeneʁo], lit. 'Central Directorate of General Intelligence'), often called Renseignements généraux (RG), was the intelligence service of the French National Police, answerable to the Direction générale de la Police nationale (DGPN), and, ultimately, the Ministry of the Interior.  It was also in charge of the monitoring of gambling places and horse racing ranges.

On 1 July 2008, it was merged with the Direction de la surveillance du territoire into the new Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur.

Direction de la surveillance du territoire
The Direction de la surveillance du territoire (French pronunciation: [diʁɛksjɔ̃ də la syʁvɛjɑ̃s dy tɛʁitwaʁ], lit. 'Directorate of Territorial Surveillance', abbr. DST) was a directorate of the French National Police operating as a domestic intelligence agency. It was responsible for counterespionage, counterterrorism and more generally the security of France against foreign threats and interference. It was created in 1944 with its headquarters situated at 7 rue Nélaton in Paris. On 1 July 2008, it was merged with the Direction centrale des renseignements généraux into the new Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur.

The DST Economic Security and Protection of National Assets department had units in the 22 regions of France to protect French technology. It operated for 20 years, not only on behalf of defense industry leaders, but also for pharmaceuticals, telecoms, the automobile industry, and all manufacturing and service sectors.
George Anson Pease
George Anson Pease (September 30, 1830 – January 22, 1919) was a steamboat captain in the Pacific Northwest region on the United States, who was active from the earliest days of steamboat navigation on the Willamette River in the 1850s.  He worked in various roles until the early 1900s, commanding numerous vessels during that time.  During a flood in 1861, while in command of the sternwheeler Onward, Pease rescued 40 people from a flood in the area of Salem, Oregon.

Onward (1858 sternwheeler)
Onward was an early steamboat on the Willamette River built at Canemah, Oregon in 1858.  This vessel should not be confused other steamboats named Onward, including in particular the Onward of 1867, a similar but somewhat smaller vessel built at Tualatin Landing, which operated on the Tualatin River under Capt. Joseph Kellogg.
Newtonia, Missouri
Newtonia is a village in Newton County, Missouri, United States. The population was 199 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. Newtonia was the site of the Battles of Newtonia during the American Civil War.  The village contains some Antebellum houses, such as the Mathew H. Ritchey House, as well as a cemetery for Civil War dead.  It is a farming community and is immediately adjacent to Stark City, Missouri.

Stark City, Missouri
Stark City is a town in Newton County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Stark City had a population of 125. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is adjacent to the battlefield of the Second Battle of Newtonia.
Cooper Harold Langford
Cooper Harold Langford (25 August 1895, Dublin, Logan County, Arkansas – 28 August 1964) was an American analytic philosopher and mathematical logician who co-authored the book Symbolic Logic (1932) with C. I. Lewis. He is also known for introducing the Langford–Moore paradox.

C. I. Lewis
Clarence Irving Lewis (April 12, 1883 – February 3, 1964) was an American academic philosopher. He is considered the progenitor of modern modal logic and the founder of conceptual pragmatism. First a noted logician, he later branched into epistemology, and during the last 20 years of his life, he wrote much on ethics.  The New York Times memorialized him as "a leading authority on symbolic logic and on the philosophic concepts of knowledge and value." He coined the term "Qualia" as used in philosophy, linguistics, and cognitive sciences.
International Conference on Climate Change
The International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC) is a climate change denial conference series organized and sponsored by the American think tank The Heartland Institute. The conference aims to bring together those who "dispute that the science is settled on the causes, consequences, and policy implications of climate change."
The first conference took place in 2008.

Heartland Institute
The Heartland Institute is an American conservative and libertarian 501(c)(3) nonprofit public policy think tank known for its rejection of both the scientific consensus on climate change and the negative health impacts of smoking.

Founded in 1984, it worked with tobacco company Philip Morris throughout the 1990s to attempt to discredit the health risks of secondhand smoke and lobby against smoking bans.: 233–234  Since the 2000s, the Heartland Institute has been a leading promoter of climate change denial.
X-Men: The Animated Series
X-Men: The Animated Series, also known as X-Men, is an animated superhero television series, based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. The  series aired in the United States for five seasons from October 31, 1992, to September 20, 1997, on Fox's Fox Kids programming block. It was produced by Marvel Entertainment and Saban Entertainment, and animated principally by AKOM.

It was Marvel Comics' second attempt at an animated X-Men television series after the pilot X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men was not picked up. Set in the same fictional universe as Spider-Man: The Animated Series (1994–1998), Earth-92131, it was followed by a revival, X-Men '97, which began airing on March 20, 2024, on Disney+ to critical acclaim.

The series is currently owned and distributed by The Walt Disney Company (Marvel's parent company), which acquired all Fox Kids-related properties from News Corporation and Saban in 2001.

X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men
X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men is an American animated television pilot originally broadcast in 1989 on the Marvel Action Universe television block, featuring Marvel Comics' mutant superheroes of the X-Men. The pilot aired infrequently in syndication and was later released on video. It later served as the basis for Konami's X-Men arcade game.
Universal Mobile Systems
Universal Mobile Systems (UMS), dba mobiuz, is an Uzbek–Russian telecommunications company and a mobile network operator in Uzbekistan. In 2019, UMS was rebranded as Mobiuz.

UMS was owned by MTS (МТС), until the summer of 2012, when law enforcement authorities of Uzbekistan suspected embezzlement and tax evasion from the parent telecommunications company. According to the settlement agreement, MTS has a stake in 50.01% of the share capital of UMS, the remaining share is transferred to the Republican State Unitary Enterprise Center for Radio Broadcasting and Television, which was administered by the State Committee of Communication of Uzbekistan. The joint venture will work on the infrastructure of Uzdunrobita, a former subsidiary of MTS in the country.

MTS (telecommunications)
MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) (Russian: МТС «Мобильные ТелеСистемы») is the largest telecommunications company and mobile network operator in Russia and Belarus, headquartered in Moscow, operating on GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G standards. Apart from cellular network, the company also offers local telephone service, broadband, mobile television, cable television, satellite television and digital television.

As of Q3 2024, the company serves over 87.6 million subscribers in Russia (81.9 million) and Belarus (5.7 million). MTS had previously operated in Uzbekistan until 2012, Turkmenistan until 2017, Ukraine until 2019 and Armenia until 2024.
John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
John, nicknamed the Alchemist (German: Johann der Alchimist; 1406 – 16 November 1464) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and served as the peace-loving Margrave of Brandenburg after the abdication of his father, Frederick I, the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule Brandenburg.

Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
Frederick (Middle High German: Friderich, Standard German: Friedrich; 21 September 1371 – 20 September 1440) was the last Burgrave of Nuremberg from 1397 to 1427 (as Frederick VI), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1398, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach from 1420, and Elector of Brandenburg (as Frederick I) from 1415 until his death. He became the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
300 Entertainment
Theory Entertainment LLC, doing business as 300 Entertainment, is an American record label founded by Lyor Cohen, Kevin Liles, Todd Moscowitz, and Roger Gold. The label's roster includes acts across multiple genres such as hip hop, rock, pop, electronic, alternative, and country. Current artists include Young Thug, Fetty Wap, Mary J. Blige, No Savage, Rejjie Snow, Cheat Codes, Tee Grizzley, Famous Dex, Shy Glizzy, Cobi, Meg Mac, Dae Dae, the Hunna, Bailey Bryan, OMB Peezy, Ice Prince, Snot and Des Rocs. It is based in New York City. The label also acts as distributor for Young Thug's record label YSL Records, whose roster includes rappers such as the late Lil Keed.

In 2021, Warner Music Group acquired 300 for $400 million. In June 2022, 300 Entertainment was merged with Elektra Music Group to create the umbrella label 300 Elektra Entertainment (3EE), though both Elektra and 300 continued to maintain their separate identities as labels.

YSL Records
YSL Records (an initialism for Young Stoner Life Records) is an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 2016 by the Atlanta-based rapper Young Thug. The label is an imprint of 300 Entertainment. As of 2026 current acts include Thug himself, Strick, T-Shyne, Yung Kayo and 1300SAINT. Several contemporary artists, including Drake, Future, Lil Uzi Vert, Playboi Carti, Lil Baby, Lil Gotit, NAV, Travis Scott, and Slimelife Shawty have expressed allegiance to YSL, but are not contractually signed.

The label was embroiled in a major criminal trial from 2022–2024, with Young Thug, Gunna, and other YSL members arrested and charged with racketeering and various gang-related crimes in violation of Georgia's RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act. Authorities alleged that YSL Records is a street gang. In 2024, label head Young Thug was released on probation.
Lancashire and Cheshire Women cricket team
The Lancashire and Cheshire Women's cricket team was the women's representative cricket team for the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. They competed in the Women's Area Championship from 1980 to 1996 and in the Women's County Championship in 1997, after which they were replaced by individual teams representing Lancashire and Cheshire.

Cheshire Women cricket team
The Cheshire Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Cheshire. They joined the Women's County Championship in 1998 and competed in the tournament until 2016, as well as competing in the Women's Twenty20 Cup between 2009 and 2019. The team no longer competes at senior county level. They are partnered with the regional side North West Thunder.
Delta Force: Task Force Dagger
Delta Force: Task Force Dagger is a 2002 first-person shooter video game developed by Zombie Studios and published by NovaLogic for Microsoft Windows. It is a standalone expansion pack to Delta Force: Land Warrior. It is set in Afghanistan in 2002 after United States invasion of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 2001.

Delta Force: Land Warrior
Delta Force: Land Warrior is a 2000 tactical first-person shooter video game. Developed and published by NovaLogic, it is the third game in the Delta Force series and the sequel to Delta Force 2. A standalone expansion pack, Delta Force: Task Force Dagger, was released in 2002.
Nëna e Vatrës
Nëna e Vatrës or Nana e Votrës ("The Mother of the Hearth") is an Albanian mythological figure, the protector of the hearth (Albanian: vatër), associated with the household fire worship, the cult of the ancestor and family life. She is sometimes regarded as a goddess (hyjni e zjarrit të vatrës "deity of the hearth fire") in Albanian traditions.

Vatër
The vatër (or votër; Albanian definite form: vatra or votra) is the domestic hearth in Albanian culture. The fire of the domestic hearth (Zjarri i Vatrës) holds divine attributes in Albanian beliefs, being considered the sustainer of the continuity between the world of the living and that of the dead, and ensuring the continuity of the tribe (fis) from generation to generation. The absence of fire in a house is traditionally considered a great curse. In Albanian folk beliefs the fire hearth is the symbol of fire as the offspring of the Sun (Dielli). In Albanian tradition the deified fire (zjarri) was evidently also called with the theonym Enji, the god to whom Thursday – e enjte – was dedicated in the Albanian language.
Weedon–Marton Junction line
The Weedon–Marton Junction line (also known as the Weedon–Leamington line) was a rural branch line in England that ran from the West Coast Main Line at Weedon, via Daventry to Marton Junction, where it joined the Rugby–Leamington line and thus connected to Leamington Spa.

Opening in stages between 1888 and 1895, the line was closed to passengers in 1958, and to freight in 1963, however a short section of the line at the western end from Marton Junction to Southam, remained open for freight trains serving the cement works until 1985.

Rugby–Leamington line
The Rugby to Leamington Line was a railway line running from Rugby to Leamington Spa. It was a 15-mile (24 km) branch line built by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) and opened in 1851. The branch connected Leamington with the mainline from London to Birmingham (now the West Coast Main Line) which had been opened in 1838 by the LNWR's predecessor, the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR).
100.4 Jazz FM
100.4 Jazz FM (launched as JFM 100.4) was an Independent Local Radio station for the North West England playing jazz music. 100.4 Jazz FM played its own music from its Salford studio during the day, whereas specialist shows like Dinner Jazz and Legends of Jazz with Ramsey Lewis were networked from London's 102.2 Jazz FM. The station was replaced by Smooth FM 100.4 in 2004.

Smooth North West
Smooth North West  is a regional radio station owned by Communicorp UK and operated by Global as part of the Smooth network. The station broadcasts to the North West of England from studios at Spinningfields in Manchester.
George W. Julian
George Washington Julian (May 5, 1817 – July 7, 1899) was a politician, lawyer, and writer from Indiana who served in the United States House of Representatives during the 19th century. A leading opponent of slavery, Julian was the Free Soil Party's candidate for vice president in the 1852 election and was a prominent Radical Republican during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era.

In 1885, President Grover Cleveland appointed him surveyor general of the New Mexico Territory. Julian was the son-in-law of Ohio politician Joshua Reed Giddings and the father of Grace Julian Clarke, a women's suffrage advocate.

Grace Julian Clarke
Grace Julian Clarke (September 1865 – June 18, 1938) was a clubwoman, women's suffrage activist, newspaper journalist, and author from Indiana. As the daughter of George Washington Julian and the granddaughter of Joshua Reed Giddings, both of whom were abolitionists and members of the U.S. Congress, Clarke's family exposed her to social reform issues at an early age. She is credited with reviving the women's suffrage movement in Indiana, where she was especially active in the national campaign for women's suffrage in the early twentieth century. She is best known for founding and leading the Indiana State Federation of Women's Clubs, the Legislative Council, and the Woman's Franchise League of Indiana (an affiliate of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and the predecessor to the League of Women Voters of Indiana). Clarke was the author of three books related to her father's life, and was a columnist for the Indianapolis Star from 1911 to 1929.
Militarization
Militarization, or militarisation, is the process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence. It is related to militarism, which is an ideology that reflects the level of militarization of a state. The process of militarization involves many interrelated aspects that encompass all levels of society.

Militarism
Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values. It may also imply the glorification of the military and of the ideals of a professional military class and the "predominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state" (see also: stratocracy and military junta).
Superwoman (Crime Syndicate)
Superwoman of the Crime Syndicate of America is a supervillain appearing in stories published by DC Comics. One of several characters to use the name Superwoman in DC, she is an alternate-universe counterpart of Wonder Woman. The character first appeared in Justice League of America #29 (August 1964).

Crime Syndicate of America
The Crime Syndicate or Crime Syndicate of America (CSA, with America sometimes spelled Amerika) is a team of supervillains featured in DC Comics. The team is composed of evil parallel-universe counterparts of the Justice League, first appearing in Justice League of America #29 in August 1964 with members Ultraman, Owlman, Superwoman, Johnny Quick, and Power Ring, counterparts to Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Flash, and Green Lantern respectively.

The Crime Syndicate has undergone several revisions in its publication history. Its members were originally portrayed as being from Earth-3, then an antimatter Earth in the JLA: Earth 2 graphic novel. Following The New 52 reboot, the team reverted back to an Earth-3 origin, where they appear in Justice League Volume 2 as the main focus of the crossover storyline Forever Evil. An analogous team, the Crime Society, a villainous version of the Justice Society, appeared in 52, later featuring in Countdown to Final Crisis.
FC Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo
Professional Football Club Etar 1924 (Bulgarian: Професионален футболен клуб "Етър 1924"), commonly referred to as Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo, is a former Bulgarian professional football club based in Veliko Tarnovo. They were last competing in the 2012–13 season of the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the top tier of professional football in Bulgaria. The club replaced the old FC Etar (Veliko Tarnovo), which won the Bulgarian championship in 1991.

The club's home ground had been Ivaylo Stadium since 1958, and their main nicknames were the Bolyars and the Violets, the latter in reference to the colour of their home kit, which was often mistaken for purple.

The club folded following the end of the 2012–13 A PFG due to financial difficulties. Etar Veliko Tarnovo acquired the license of Botev Debelets and played in the Bulgarian V AFG in the 2013/14 season.

SFC Etar Veliko Tarnovo
Etar (Bulgarian: Етър) is a Bulgarian sports football club based in Veliko Tarnovo, that plays in the Bulgarian Second League, the second level of Bulgarian football.

Etar was established in 2013, shortly after the folding of Etar 1924, which was dissolved for financial reasons after the 2012–13 season. Etar 1924, on the other hand, was established as a result of the dissolution of the historical FC Etar (Veliko Tarnovo). Although the three clubs share similar names and colors, the Bulgarian Football Union considers them separate entities and records are not shared between the three. The current Etar quickly ascended from the amateur leagues, eventually promoting to the Bulgarian First League at the end of the 2016–17 season. The club's home ground has been Ivaylo Stadium since 2013. Etar plays in all-violet kits and their nickname is 'The Bolyars'.
Utah Transit Authority
The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) is a special service district responsible for providing public transportation throughout the Wasatch Front of Utah, in the United States, which includes the metropolitan areas of Ogden, Park City, Provo, Salt Lake City and Tooele. It operates fixed route buses, flex route buses, express buses, ski buses, three light rail lines in Salt Lake County (TRAX), a streetcar line in Salt Lake City (the S-Line), and a commuter rail train (FrontRunner) from Ogden through Salt Lake City to Provo. UTA is headquartered in Salt Lake City with operations and garages in locations throughout the Wasatch Front, including Ogden, Midvale and Orem. Light rail vehicles are stored and maintained at yards at locations in South Salt Lake and Midvale. UTA's commuter rail equipment is stored and serviced at a facility in Salt Lake City. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 40,473,200, or about 133,000 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.

FrontRunner
FrontRunner (reporting mark UFRC) is a commuter railway operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) that runs along the Wasatch Front in north-central Utah with service from Ogden Central station in central Weber County through Davis County, Salt Lake City, and Salt Lake County to Provo Central station in central Utah County. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 4,128,700, or about 14,900 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Ashikaga Yoshimasa (足利 義政; January 20, 1436 – January 27, 1490) was the eighth shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1443 to 1473 during the Muromachi period of Japan. His actions led to the Ōnin War (1467–1477), which triggered the Sengoku period. His reign saw a cultural flourishing in the arts, the development of tea ceremony, Zen Buddhism and wabi-sabi aesthetics.

Ōnin War
The Ōnin War (応仁の乱, Ōnin no Ran), also known as the Upheaval of Ōnin and Ōnin-Bunmei war, was a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan. Ōnin refers to the Japanese era during which the war started; the war ended during the Bunmei era. A dispute between a high official, Hosokawa Katsumoto, and a regional lord, Yamana Sōzen, escalated into a nationwide civil war involving the Ashikaga shogunate and a number of daimyō (大名, feudal lords) in many regions of Japan.

The war initiated the Sengoku period, "the Warring States period." This period was a long, drawn-out struggle for domination by individual daimyō, resulting in a mass power-struggle between the various houses to dominate the whole of Japan.
Puna teal
The Puna teal (Spatula puna) is a species of dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. It was at one time regarded as a subspecies of the Silver teal (Spatula versicolor).

The Puna teal is resident in the Andes of Peru, western Bolivia, northern Chile, and extreme northwestern Argentina. It is found on the larger lakes and pools in the altiplano.

The status of the Puna teal is Least Concern, as listed on the IUCN Red List.

Silver teal
The silver teal or versicolor teal (Spatula versicolor) is a species of dabbling duck in the genus Spatula. It breeds in South America.

Between April and June they prefer reed beds and will lay 6 to 10 creamy-pink eggs. The eggs will hatch after 25 to 27 days. As with swans and geese, both parents will rear the ducklings. A pair may bond long term. It lives on fresh water in small groups, and feeds primarily on vegetable matter such as seeds and aquatic plants.

The silver teal's range includes southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, and the Falkland Islands.  The southernmost birds migrate to southern Brazil in the winter.

Silver teals are on the whole placid ducks but may be protective of eggs, young and females.