hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Time dilation
Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity, a consequence of special relativity, or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations due to gravitational time dilation. When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity. The dilation compares "wristwatch" clock readings between events measured in different inertial frames and is not observed by visual comparison of clocks across moving frames.

These predictions of the theory of relativity have been repeatedly confirmed by experiment, and they are of practical concern, for instance in the operation of satellite navigation systems such as GPS and Galileo.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Cinque Terre
The Cinque Terre (Italian: [ˈtʃiŋkwe ˈtɛrre]; Ligurian: Çinque Tære; meaning 'Five Lands') is a coastal area within Liguria, in the northwest of Italy. It lies in the west of La Spezia Province, and comprises five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Vernazza is also one of "I Borghi più belli d'Italia" ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The Cinque Terre area is a popular tourist destination. Over the centuries, people have built terraces on the rugged, steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the Ligurian Sea. Paths, trains, and boats connect the villages as cars can only reach them with great difficulty from the outside via narrow and precarious mountain roads.

Riomaggiore
Riomaggiore (Ligurian: Rimazzô, locally Rimazùu) is a village and comune in the province of La Spezia, situated in a small valley in the Liguria region of Italy. It is the most southerly of the Cinque Terre villages.

The village, dating from the early thirteenth century, is known for its historic character and wine produced by the town's vineyards. Riomaggiore is in the Riviera di Levante region. It has a shoreline on the Mediterranean's Gulf of Genoa, with a small beach and a wharf framed by tower houses. Riomaggiore's main street is Via Colombo, where numerous restaurants, bars, and shops can be found.

The Via dell'Amore is a path connecting Riomaggiore to its frazione Manarola, also part of the Cinque Terre.

Riomaggiore is the most southern village of the Cinque Terre, all connected by trail. The water and mountainside have been declared national parks.

Riomaggiore inspired paintings by Telemaco Signorini (1835–1901), one of the artists of the Macchiaioli group.
Benambra
Benambra is a town 28 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Omeo and 430 kilometres (267 mi) east of the state capital Melbourne, in the Australian Alps of East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Nearby towns include Swifts Creek, Ensay, and the major town of Bairnsdale.  At the 2021 census, Benambra and the surrounding area had a population of 173.

Ensay, Victoria
Ensay is a town located between Swifts Creek and Bruthen on the Great Alpine Road in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Ensay is 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of the major town of Bairnsdale and 366 kilometres (227 mi) east of the state capital Melbourne. Other nearby towns include Omeo and Benambra.

The town centre is located north of the confluence of the Little and Tambo river; with an altitude of approximately 400 metres (1,312 ft) AMSL. The population of Ensay was 109 as at the 2016 census.
Chen Hu (physician)
Chen Hu (Chinese: 陈虎; 17 February 1962 – 24 July 2019) was a Chinese military physician and stem cell researcher. He served as Director of the PLA Institute of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research and the Beijing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy Laboratory. Known for his research on hematopoietic stem cell therapy for leukemia, he was awarded the State Science and Technology Progress Award (First Class) in 2015 and the Ho Leung Ho Lee Prize in 2016. In 2017, he and Deng Hongkui engineered resistance to HIV in mice using CRISPR gene editing, and for the first time used the technique on an AIDS patient. He died of a sudden heart attack before their findings were published.

Deng Hongkui
Deng Hongkui (Chinese: 邓宏魁) is a Chinese immunologist and stem cell researcher. He is a Changjiang Professor, the Boya Chair Professor, and Director of the Institute of Stem Cell Research at Peking University. He was awarded US$1.9 million by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for his research on vaccines for HIV and hepatitis C. In 2017, he and Chen Hu engineered resistance to HIV in mice using CRISPR gene editing, and for the first time used the technique on an AIDS patient.
Jukkokutōge Cable Car
The Jukkokutōge Cable Car (十国峠ケーブルカー, Jukkokutōge Kēburukā), officially the Jikkoku Cable Line (十国鋼索線, Jikkoku Kōsaku-sen), is a funicular line in Kannami, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan operated by the Izuhakone Railway.

The line was opened on October 16, 1956 by the Sunzu Railway Company, which was acquired by the Izuhakone Railway in 1957. The line climbs Jukkoku Pass, literally meaning "ten countries pass", as it is claimed that ten "countries" (old provinces of Japan) can be seen from the summit of the pass. The line runs on average every eight minutes, with travel time in each direction at 3 minutes. The cars on the line were painted in the colors of the Seibu Lions baseball team until 2018.

Izuhakone Railway
The Izuhakone Railway (伊豆箱根鉄道, Izu Hakone Tetsudō) is a private railway company in Kanagawa Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The company also operates excursion ships, and the group companies operate buses and taxis. The company has its roots in Zusō Railway (豆相鉄道, Zusō Tetsudō) founded in 1893. Izuhakone Railway is a member of Seibu group. The Daiyūzan Line accepts PASMO, a smart card ticketing system.
Alaric Rose
Alaric Pearson Rose  was Dean of Hong Kong from 1941 until 1952.

Rose was born 26 September 1909 in Lye and Stourbridge, England. He was educated at St Edmund Hall, Oxford and ordained in 1933. After a curacy in Gateshead he was Chaplain at  St. John's Cathedral, Hong Kong until his appointment as Dean; and Canon Residentiary afterwards.

Rose was appointed as the first full-time philosophy lecturer at the University of Hong Kong in 1952 (HKU Council Minutes, 22 May 1952, 7), and often acted as Head of Department. He retired from the university in 1961.

Rose died in Harbourne, Birmingham, England on 27 December 1985.

St John's Cathedral (Hong Kong)
The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Evangelist is the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Hong Kong Island, and mother church to the Province of Hong Kong and Macao. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Hong Kong and the Bishop of Hong Kong Island.

At Garden Road, Central, the cathedral is located in a central location, surrounded by the Bank of China Tower, Cheung Kong Center, HSBC Main Building, Court of Final Appeal Building, Former Central Government Offices, and the Former French Mission Building.

St John's Cathedral is one of the five cathedrals in Hong Kong. The others are Holy Trinity Cathedral (Anglican), All Saints’ Cathedral (Anglican), St Luke Orthodox Cathedral (Eastern Orthodox), and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic).
Mars Plus
Mars Plus is a 1994 science fiction novel by American writer Frederik Pohl and Thomas T. Thomas. It is the sequel to Pohl's 1976 novel Man Plus, which is about a cyborg, Roger Torraway, who is designed to operate in the harsh Martian environment, so that humans can start to colonize Mars. Mars Plus is set fifty years after the first novel. Young Demeter Coghlan travels to Mars, now settled by humans and cyborgs, and finds herself amidst a rebellion by the colonists.

Man Plus
Man Plus is a 1976 science fiction novel by American writer Frederik Pohl. It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1976, was nominated for the Hugo and Campbell Awards, and placed third in the annual Locus Poll in 1977.  The story is about a cyborg, Roger Torraway, who is designed to operate in the harsh Martian environment so that humans can colonize Mars.
Kronos (film)
Kronos  (a.k.a. Kronos, Destroyer of the Universe or Kronos, Ravager of Planets) is a 1957 American black-and-white science fiction film from Regal Films, a division of 20th Century-Fox. It was produced by Irving Block, Louis DeWitt, Kurt Neumann, and Jack Rabin, directed by Kurt Neumann, and stars Jeff Morrow and Barbara Lawrence. Kronos was distributed as a double feature with She Devil.

Since the film's release, it has been widely praised for its above-average storyline and its farsighted portrayal of the consequences of over-consumption of both natural and man-made resources; it has achieved minor cult status as a result.

She Devil (1957 film)
She Devil is a 1957 American widescreen science fiction horror film, shot in RegalScope, from Regal Films, that was produced, written, and directed by Kurt Neumann. The film stars Mari Blanchard, Jack Kelly, and Albert Dekker and was theatrically released by 20th Century-Fox on a double bill with Regal's Kronos.

She Devil is based on the science fiction short story "The Adaptive Ultimate" by  Stanley G. Weinbaum.
Mission Bay, New Zealand
Mission Bay is a seaside suburb of Auckland city, on the North Island of New Zealand. The suburb's beach is a popular resort, located alongside Tamaki Drive. The area also has a wide range of eateries. Mission Bay is located seven kilometres to the east of the city centre, and east of the Waitematā Harbour, between Ōrākei and Kohimarama.  It covers an area of 1.08 km2 (267 acres), about three quarters of which comprises low hills, surrounding the remaining quarter, which slopes down to the sea. Local government of Mission Bay is the responsibility of the Ōrākei Local Board, which also includes the suburbs of Ōrākei, Kohimarama, St Heliers, Glendowie, St Johns, Meadowbank, Remuera and Ellerslie.

Ōrākei
Ōrākei is a suburb of Auckland city, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located on a peninsula five kilometres to the east of the city centre, on the shore of the Waitematā Harbour, which lies to the north, and Hobson Bay and Ōrākei Basin, two arms of the Waitematā, which lie to the west and south. To the east is the suburb of Mission Bay. Takaparawhau / Bastion Point is a coastal piece of land in Ōrākei. Between Takaparawhau and Paritai Drive is Ōkahu Bay and Reserve.
Tulisa
Tula Paulinea "Tulisa" Contostavlos (born 13 July 1988), known professionally as Tulisa, is an English singer, songwriter, rapper, and television personality. As a part of the R&B/hip-hop group N-Dubz with her cousin Dappy and friend Fazer, they gained four platinum-certified albums, five MOBO awards, a Brit Award nomination, thirteen top 40 singles, six silver-certified singles, three gold-certified singles, two platinum-certified singles, and three Urban Music Awards.

From 2011 to 2012, Tulisa was a judge on the television talent show The X Factor UK. In 2012, she released her debut solo studio album, The Female Boss, which produced the UK number one single "Young", and the UK top-twenty singles "Live It Up" and "Sight of You". In 2024, Tulisa appeared as a contestant on the twenty-fourth series of the reality television show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, finishing in tenth place. She released the memoir Judgement in 2025.

Dappy
Costadinos Contostavlos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κοντόσταυλος; born 11 June 1987), better known by his stage name Dappy, is an English rapper, singer, songwriter and actor. He is the lead singer of the Camden-based hip hop and grime trio N-Dubz, with his cousin Tulisa and Fazer. He was known for his lack of dress sense and his love for what he describes as "eye-catching headwear". His trademark was wearing a selection of woolly chullos (sometimes referred to as "Dappy hats"), turning up one or both of the ear-flaps of the hat.
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
The anterior ethmoidal nerve is a nerve of the head. It is a branch of the nasociliary nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1)). It arises in the orbit, and enters first the cranial cavity and then the nasal cavity. It provides sensory innervation to part of the meninges, parts of the nasal cavity, and part of the skin of the nose.

Nasociliary nerve
The nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) (which is in turn a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). It is intermediate in size between the other two branches of the ophthalmic nerve, the frontal nerve and lacrimal nerve.
Ilya Mashkov
Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov (Russian: Илья Иванович Машков; 29 July [O.S. 17 July] 1881 – 20 March 1944) was a Russian artist, one of the most significant and at the same time most characteristic painters of the circle of "Jack of Diamonds" (Russian: Бубновый Валет).

Knave of Diamonds (arts association)
Knave of Diamonds (Russian: «Бубновый валет», Romanized: Bubnovyi Valet), also called Jack Of Diamonds, was a circle of avant-garde artists in Russia, heavily influenced by French styles, who sought "to unite the stylistic system of Cezanne with the primitive traditions of folk art, the Russian lubok (popular prints) and tradesman's signs." Named for the eponymous exhibition held in Moscow in 1910, the group's intention was to provoke the art establishment in Russia, challenge "good taste," and shock. The group remained active until December 1917.
Norwegian Maritime Museum
The Norwegian Maritime Museum (Norwegian: Norsk Maritimt Museum) is located at Bygdøynesveien on the Bygdøy peninsula, on the western side of Oslo, Norway. The Norwegian Maritime Museum is situated near several other museums, including the Fram Museum; the Kon-Tiki Museum; the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History; and the Viking Ship Museum. The Norwegian Maritime Museum is operated in conjunction with Norwegian Folk Museum.

Norwegian Museum of Cultural History
Norsk Folkemuseum (Norwegian Museum of Cultural History), at Bygdøy, Oslo, Norway, is a museum of cultural history with extensive collections of artifacts from all social groups and all regions of the country. It also incorporates a large open-air museum with more than 150 buildings, relocated from towns and rural districts.

The Norwegian Museum of Cultural History is situated on the Bygdøy peninsula near several other museums, including the Viking Ship Museum; the Fram Museum; the Kon-Tiki Museum; and the Norwegian Maritime Museum.
SUSAT
The Sight Unit Small Arms, Trilux, or SUSAT, is a 4× telescopic sight, with tritium-powered illumination utilised at dusk or dawn. The full name of the current model is the SUSAT L9A1. The sight is not designed as a sniper sight, but is rather intended to be mounted on a variety of rifles and to be used by all infantrymen.

Similar devices include the Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight (ACOG), manufactured by Trijicon, and the Elcan Specter.

Specter (sight)
The Elcan Specter is a line of multi-role prism sights created by Raytheon ELCAN Optical Technologies originally designed for M16/M4 family of rifles but now also exists for light machine gun and heavy machine guns. Most of the optics are capable of switching between magnifications and illumination.
Socialist Resistance (Russia)
The Socialist Resistance (SocSopr; Russian: Социалистическое сопротивление; СоцСопр; Sotsialisticheskoye soprotivleniye, SotsSopr) was a Russian Trotskyist political organization. It was active in a number of cities. Until November 21, 2009, it was the Russian section of the Committee for a Workers' International. On March 7, 2011, Socialist Resistance merged with the Socialist League "Vpered" to form a new organization – the Russian Socialist Movement.

Russian Socialist Movement
Russian Socialist Movement (RSD; Russian: Российское социалистическое движение, romanized: Rossiyskoye sotsialisticheskoye dvizheniye) was a left-wing to far left political organisation in Russia. It was created in 2011 by the merging of various left-wing, socialist, anti-capitalist and communist organisations. It is strongly critical of President Vladimir Putin.

On 5 April 2024, the RSD was recognized as a foreign agent by the Ministry of Justice, and in connection with this, on 8 May 2024, it announced the termination of its activities and self-dissolution.
Repeater Books
Repeater Books is a publishing imprint based in London, founded in 2014 by Tariq Goddard and Mark Fisher, formerly the founders of radical publishers Zero Books, along with Etan Ilfeld, Tamar Shlaim, Alex Niven and Matteo Mandarini. It was launched by Watkins Media.

Collective Ink
Collective Ink (formerly John Hunt Publishing) is a publishing company founded in the United Kingdom in 2001 under the name O Books. The publisher has 15 active imprints, the largest of which are Moon Books, O-Books and Zero Books (styled Zer0 Books). After changing ownership in 2021, in June 2023, John Hunt Publishing was renamed to Collective Ink.
Interstate 405 (California)
Interstate 405 (I-405, locally referred to as the 405) is a major north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway in Southern California. The entire route is known as the northern segment of the San Diego Freeway. I-405 is a bypass auxiliary route of I-5, running along the southern and western parts of the Greater Los Angeles urban area from Irvine in the south to Sylmar in the north.

I-405, heavily traveled by both commuters and freight haulers along its entire length, is the busiest and most congested freeway in the United States. The freeway's annual average daily traffic between exits 21 and 22 in Seal Beach reached 374,000 in 2008, making it the highest count in the nation. It has played a crucial role in the development of dozens of cities and suburbs along its route through Los Angeles and Orange counties. It also serves Los Angeles International Airport, Long Beach Airport, and Orange County's John Wayne Airport.

San Diego Freeway
The San Diego Freeway is one of the named principal Southern California freeways. It consists of the following two segments:

Interstate 5, from California State Route 94 in San Diego to Interstate 405 (El Toro Y) in Irvine

Interstate 405, in its entirety from Interstate 5 in Irvine to Interstate 5 near San Fernando
Cassino
Cassino (Italian pronunciation: [kasˈsiːno]) is a comune in the province of Frosinone at the southern end of the region of Lazio. It is the last city of the Latin Valley.

It is located at the foot of Monte Cairo near the confluence of the Gari and Liri rivers and on the via Casilina between Rome and Naples. The city is best known as the site of the Abbey of Montecassino and the Battle of Monte Cassino during World War II, which resulted in huge Allied and German casualties, as well as the nearly total destruction of the town itself. It is also home to the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio.

Cassino has a population of 35,969 as of July 2017, making it the second-largest town in the province.

University of Cassino and Southern Lazio
The University of Cassino and Southern Lazio (Italian: Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale), Unicas, University of Cassino, was established in 1979. It is an Italian public university headquartered in Cassino, with a branch in Frosinone.

With seven programmes (two Bachelor's degrees and five Master's degrees) entirely taught in English and more than 1500 international students from 58 different nationalities, the University of Cassino is now established as a district for International Studies, a significant excellence among Italian universities.

In the Angevin-Aragonese castle of Gaeta, there is a university conference hall.

It's part of the European University of Technology group.
Charles Darrow
Charles Brace Darrow (August 10, 1889 – August 28, 1967) was an American board game designer often credited as the inventor of the board game Monopoly, which was published by Parker Brothers in 1935. However, the game's origins trace back to The Landlord's Game, created and patented by Elizabeth Magie in 1904. Darrow encountered a modified version of Magie's game, made changes, and sold it to Parker Brothers, who marketed him as the sole inventor. Magie's foundational role was largely forgotten until later historical research brought it to light.

Lizzie Magie
Elizabeth  J. Magie Phillips (née Magie; May 9, 1866 – March 2, 1948) was an American game designer, writer, feminist, and Georgist. She invented The Landlord's Game, the precursor to Monopoly, to illustrate teachings of the progressive era economist Henry George.
Paignton RFC
Paignton Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club, originally formed in 1875 and based in Paignton, Devon. They moved to Queens Park in 1902 and have played there ever since. Paignton Rugby Club is affiliated to the Devon RFU and currently compete in Counties 1 Western West – a league at level 7 of the English rugby union system – following their promotion from the Cornwall/Devon League at the end of the 2021–22 season. Many of the club's players have represented the club at county or national level. The club have won the Cornwall/Devon League on three occasions; more than any other club. They have a friendly rivalry with neighbours Torquay Athletic RFC.

Torquay Athletic RFC
Torquay Athletic RFC is an English rugby union team formed in 1876 (somebody keeps changing this to 1875 even though there is a link below to the formation announcement in 1876. This is fully explained below) is based in Torquay, Devon.  The club operates 3 senior men's teams as well as youth and mini teams, with the men's first team currently playing in Tribute Cornwall/Devon following their relegation from Tribute Western Counties West at the end of the 2017–18 season.  Nicknamed the "Tics", the first team's kit is black and white hoops and they play home games at the Recreation Ground.  They have a local rivalry with Paignton RFC.
Kalavani
Kalavani (transl. Thief) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by newcomer A. Sarkunam. It stars Vimal and debutante Oviya, with Saranya Ponvannan, Ilavarasu, Ganja Karuppu, and Soori in supporting roles. The music was composed by S. S. Kumaran, with cinematography by Om Prakash and editing by Raja Mohammad.

The film was made on a shoestring budget, and released on 25 June 2010. It became a sleeper hit. The film was remade in Kannada as Kirataka (2011) with Oviya reprising her role and in Telugu as Umapathi (2023). A sequel, Kalavani 2, also directed by Sarkunam, with Vimal and Oviya reprising their roles, was released in 2019.

Kalavani 2
Kalavani 2 (transl. Thief 2) is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed and produced by A. Sarkunam. The film stars Vimal and Oviya, with RJ Vigneshkanth amongst others in supporting roles. This is Vimal's 25th film. A standalone sequel to Kalavani (2010), the film began production in February 2018. It was released on 5 July 2019 to negative reviews.