hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bucklebury Common
Bucklebury Common is an elevated common consisting of woodland with a few relatively small clearings in the English county of Berkshire, within the civil parish of Bucklebury centred 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Thatcham and encircling the settled localities of Upper Bucklebury and Chapel Row. It is one of the largest commons in Southern England covering 350 hectares (860 acres). Since Inclosure the area is privately owned by the Bucklebury Manor estate, but has public access on a network of public rights of way bolstered by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000.

The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust assists with management of the estate.

Part of the common is a site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) called Briff Lane Meadows

Bucklebury
Bucklebury is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Newbury and 1–3 miles (1.6–4.8 km) north of the A4 road. The parish has a population of 2,116, but the village is much smaller. Bucklebury Common, with an area of over 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi), is one of the largest commons in the ceremonial and historic county of Berkshire.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912 play)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a Broadway play that debuted at the Little Theatre on West 44th Street, New York City, on October 31, 1912. Based on the stories by the Brothers Grimm, it was produced by Winthrop Ames who had written it under the pseudonym "Jessie Braham White." The play, starring Marguerite Clark, was met with favorable reviews and became the basis for the 1916 film Snow White, also starring Clark.

Snow White (1916 film)
Snow White is a 1916 American silent romantic fantasy film directed by J. Searle Dawley. Winthrop Ames adapted it from his own 1912 Broadway play Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which was in turn adapted from the 1812 fairy tale (as collected by the Brothers Grimm). The film stars Marguerite Clark and Creighton Hale, Clark reprising her stage role.

Having seen the film at the age of fifteen, Walt Disney was inspired to use the Brothers Grimm fairy tale as the subject of his first feature-length animated film in 1937.
Khǒr Royal Cup
Khǒr Royal Cup (Thai: ถ้วยพระราชทานประเภท ข.; ถ้วย ข.), known as the Noi Cup (ถ้วยน้อย) until 1963, was a part of the Thai football league system, founded by the Football Association of Thailand in 1916.

Khǒr Royal Cup was the second-highest level of the Thai football league system from 1916 to 1995. The Khǒr Royal Cup was downgraded to the third-tier tournament in 1996, replaced by the Thai Division 1 League. In 2006, the tournament was further downgraded to the fourth-tier of Thai football due to the proposed merger of the Provincial League and Thai Premier League into one entity. In 2016, the Khǒr Royal Cup was combined with Khor Royal Cup and Ngor Royal Cup into Regional League Division 3, and the tournament's cup become a trophy for Thai Division 1 League.

Khor Royal Cup
Khor Royal Cup (Thai: ถ้วยพระราชทาน ค.; ถ้วย ค.) is the fifth-highest level of club football competition which competed in the tournament in Thailand since 1963. It was founded by Football Association of Thailand along with Ngor Royal Cup in 1963. Department of Physical Education was the first team to win this competition.

In 1996, Khor Royal Cup was downgraded to be the fourth-tier football tournament of Thai club football competition when Football Association of Thailand founded Thai Division 1 League as the second-tier in its place. Finally, in 2006, the tournament was downgraded to be the fifth-tier tournament due to the proposed merger of the Provincial League and Thai Premier League into one entity.

In 2016, Khor Royal Cup was combined to Regional League Division 3 completely along with Khǒr Royal Cup and Ngor Royal Cup by Football Association of Thailand and then Khor Royal Cup become a trophy  for Regional League Division 2.
Pogorzela, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Pogorzela [pɔɡɔˈʐɛla] is a town in Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,037 inhabitants (as of 2010). Pogorzela is located on the western edge of the Kalisz Upland, at the junction of county roads Krotoszyn-Gostyń and the Koźmin Wielkopolski-Krobia.

Gostyń County
Gostyń County (Polish: powiat gostyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Gostyń, which lies 59 kilometres (37 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains four other towns: Krobia, 11 km (7 mi) south of Gostyń, Poniec, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Gostyń, Borek Wielkopolski, 17 km (11 mi) east of Gostyń, and Pogorzela, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Gostyń.

The county covers an area of 810.34 square kilometres (312.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 75,683, out of which the population of Gostyń is 20,588, that of Krobia is 4,022, that of Poniec is 2,875, that of Borek Wielkopolski is 2,486, that of Pogorzela is 1,974, and the rural population is 43,738.
Tokyo City University
Tokyo City University (東京都市大学, Tōkyō toshi daigaku), often called Toshi-dai (都市大) or TCU for short, is a private university focused on engineering, environmental and information sciences, located in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.

The university has four campuses, the Setagaya campus close to the Tama River at Oyamadai, Setagaya, Tokyo being the main campus. The other three campuses are the Yokohama campus, located in Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, the Ōzenji campus, located in Asao-ku, Kawasaki and the Todoroki campus, located in Setagaya, Tokyo.

Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama
Tsuzuki-ku (都筑区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 199,258 and a density of 7,130 persons per km2. The total area was 27.93 km2.
Aporá
Aporá  is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.

The city population was 17 085 and its area is 572 km2 (29.36 inhabitants per km2) according to the 2002 census. Aporá was emancipated from the municipality of Inhambupe on 14 August 1958 by municipal Resolution 89, and Aporá was created by Resolution 1021, signed on the same date.

To the north it is bordered by Crisópolis, to the south and west by Inhambupe, to the east by Esplanada, the northeast by Acajutiba, the northwest by Olindina and the southeast by Entre Rios.

Inhambupe
Inhambupe is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. The town lies along Highway 110, approximately 161 kilometres (100 mi) by road north of Salvador. In 2022 it had an estimated 33,790 inhabitants.
Miniopterus mahafaliensis
Miniopterus mahafaliensis is a bat in the genus Miniopterus that occurs in southwestern Madagascar. Populations of this species have historically been included in Miniopterus manavi, but molecular data published in 2008 and 2009 indicate that this supposed species in fact consists of five separate species, including the newly described M. mahafaliensis. The species has been found in dry, spiny, and gallery forest, as well as more open habitats, in southwestern Madagascar.

Miniopterus mahafaliensis is a small, brown Miniopterus; its forearm length is 35 to 40 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in). The hairs of the underparts have gray tips. The tragus (a projection in the outer ear) is thick and blunt-tipped. The uropatagium (tail membrane) is well-furred and the palate is concave.

Miniopterus
Miniopterus, known as the bent-winged or long winged bats, is the sole genus of the family Miniopteridae. They are small flying insectivorous mammals, micro-bats of the order Chiroptera, with wings over twice the length of the body. The genus had been placed in its own subfamily among the vespertilionid bats, as Miniopterinae,  but is now classified as its own family.
Gil Elbaz
Gil Elbaz is an American entrepreneur, investor and philanthropist. He co-founded Applied Semantics (ASI), along with his brother Eytan Elbaz and his former classmate Adam Weissman. He is the founder and CEO of Factual, an information-sharing startup. He is also the founder and Chairman of the Board of Common Crawl, a non-profit organization dedicated to democratizing access to Internet information.

Common Crawl Foundation
Common Crawl is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that crawls the web and freely provides its archives and datasets to the public.

Common Crawl was founded by Gil Elbaz. It is funded by the Elbaz Family Foundation Trust and significant donations from the AI industry.

Contents archived by Common Crawl are mirrored and made available online in the Wayback Machine. They are used by researchers, as well as AI companies to train large language models.

In November 2025, an investigation by The Atlantic revealed that Common Crawl lied when it claimed it respected paywalls in its scraping and requests from publishers to have their content removed from its databases.

Common Crawl subsequently published a reply.
Sony BBC Earth
Sony BBC Earth is an Indian pay television channel owned by BBC Studios and Culver Max Entertainment. The channel broadcasts BBC programming in English, Hindi, Tamil and Telugu through its four audio tracks available. The BBC entered into a joint venture with Multi Screen Media to launch the channel in India, which was finally launched on 6 March 2017, following regulatory approval of the joint venture.

Sony Pictures Networks
Culver Max Entertainment Pvt. Ltd., trading as Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN or SPNI), is an Indian media conglomerate owned by Sony Pictures Television.

SPN manages and operates 26 television channels, the streaming media platform SonyLIV, as well as the television studio Studio NEXT and film studio Sony Pictures Networks Productions.
Banque du Congo Belge
The Banque du Congo Belge (BCB, Dutch: Bank van Belgisch Congo; lit. 'Bank of the Belgian Congo') was a Belgian colonial bank that mainly operated in the Belgian Congo from 1909 to 1960. Following Congolese independence, it kept operating as the Banque du Congo from 1960 to 1971, the Banque Commerciale Zaïroise from 1971 to 1997, and the Banque Commerciale Du Congo (BCDC) from 1997 to 2020, when it was acquired by Kenya-based Equity Group Holdings and became part of Equity Banque Commerciale du Congo.

The BCB was the bank of issue in the Belgian Congo from 1911 to 1952 and in Ruanda-Urundi from 1916 to 1952. It was succeeded in that role in 1952 by the newly established Banque Centrale du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Its operations in Belgium were spun off in 1960 as Banque Belgolaise. Its commercial operations in Burundi were also spun off in 1964 and became the Banque de Crédit de Bujumbura.

Banque Belgolaise
The Banque Belgo-Congolaise, abbreviated in 1965 as Banque Belgolaise, was a Brussels-based Belgian bank spun off in 1960 from the Banque du Congo Belge in the context of forthcoming Congolese independence. While retaining the brand Belgolaise, its registered name was changed to Banque Belgo-Zaïroise S.A. after 1971. It ceased operations in 2012 as it was wound down by its then owner BNP Paribas Fortis.
Window (computing)
In computing, a window is a graphical control element. It consists of a visual area containing some of the graphical user interface of the program it belongs to and is framed by a window decoration. It usually has a rectangular shape that can overlap with the area of other windows. It displays the output of and may allow input to one or more processes.

Windows are primarily associated with graphical displays, where they can be manipulated with a pointer by employing some kind of pointing device. Text-only displays can also support windowing, as a way to maintain multiple independent display areas, such as multiple buffers in Emacs. Text windows are usually controlled by keyboard, though some also respond to the mouse.

A graphical user interface (GUI) using windows as one of its main "metaphors" is called a windowing system, whose main components are the display server and the window manager.

Windowing system
In computing, a windowing system (or window system) is a software suite that manages separately different parts of display screens. It is a type of graphical user interface (GUI) which implements the WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointer) paradigm for a user interface.

Each currently running application is assigned a usually resizable and usually rectangular surface of the display to present its GUI to the user; these windows may overlap each other, as opposed to a tiling interface where they are not allowed to overlap. Usually a window decoration is drawn around each window. The programming of both the window decoration and of available widgets inside of the window, which are graphical elements for direct user interaction, such as sliders, buttons, etc., is eased and simplified through the use of widget toolkits.
Curtiss-Wright VZ-7
The Curtiss-Wright VZ-7 (also known as the VZ-7AP) was a VTOL quadrotor helicopter aircraft designed by the Curtiss-Wright company for the US Army. Like the Chrysler VZ-6 and the VZ-8 Airgeep it was to be a "flying jeep".

Piasecki VZ-8 Airgeep
The Piasecki VZ-8 Airgeep (company designation PA-59) was a prototype vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft developed by Piasecki Aircraft. The Airgeep was developed to fulfill a U.S. Army Transportation Research Command contract for a flying jeep in 1957. The flying jeep was envisioned to be smaller and easier to fly than a helicopter.
Pola Stout
Josefine Pola Stout (née Weinbach, January 8, 1902 – October 12, 1984) was an American designer best known for creating fine woolen fabrics. Born in Stryi, she studied with Josef Hoffmann at the Kunstgewerbe Schule in Vienna, and designed for the Wiener Werkstätte before she immigrated to the United States in 1925 with her first husband, architect and designer Wolfgang Hoffmann. Wolfgang and Pola Hoffmann became a prominent interior design team that contributed to the development of American modernism in the early 20th century. They dissolved their successful partnership in 1932, when she married popular mystery author Rex Stout. Pola Stout was an influential textile designer after her second marriage. She was executor of Rex Stout's literary estate after her husband's death in 1975.

University of Applied Arts Vienna
The University of Applied Arts Vienna (German: Universität für angewandte Kunst Wien, or informally just Die Angewandte) is an arts university and institution of higher education in Vienna, the capital of Austria. It has had university status since 1970.
Minnesota Territory
The Territory of Minnesota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1849, until May 11, 1858, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Minnesota and the western portion became unorganized territory and shortly after was reorganized as part of the Dakota Territory.

Dakota Territory
The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North and South Dakota.
Lordship of Sidon
The Lordship of Sidon (French: Saete/Sagette), later County of Sidon, was one of the four major fiefdoms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, one of the Crusader States. However, in reality, it appears to have been much smaller than the others and had the same level of significance as several neighbors, such as Toron and Beirut, which were sub-vassals.

Sidon was captured in December, 1110 during the Norwegian Crusade and given to Eustace I Grenier. The lordship was a coastal strip on the Mediterranean Sea between Tyre and Beirut. It was conquered by Saladin in 1187 and remained in Muslim hands until it was restored to Christian control by German Crusaders in the Crusade of 1197. Julien Grenier sold it to the Knights Templar after it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1260 before the Battle of Ain Jalut. One of the vassals of the lordship was the Lordship of the Shuf.

Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, one of the Crusader states that was created in 1099, was divided into a number of smaller seigneuries. According to the 13th-century jurist John of Ibelin, the four highest crown vassals (referred to as barons) in the kingdom proper were the count of Jaffa and Ascalon, the prince of Galilee, the lord of Sidon, and the lord of Oultrejordain.

There were also a number of independent seigneuries, and some land held under direct royal control, such as Jerusalem itself, Acre and Tyre.
Object request broker
In distributed computing, an object request broker (ORB) is a concept of a middleware, which allows program calls to be made from one computer to another via a computer network, providing location transparency through remote procedure calls. ORBs promote interoperability of distributed object systems, enabling such systems to be built by piecing together objects from different vendors, while different parts communicate with each other via the ORB. Common Object Request Broker Architecture standardizes the way ORB may be implemented.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture
The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) designed to facilitate the communication of systems that are deployed on diverse platforms. CORBA enables collaboration between systems on different operating systems, programming languages, and computing hardware. CORBA uses an object-oriented model although the systems that use the CORBA do not have to be object-oriented. CORBA is an example of the distributed object paradigm.

While briefly popular in the mid to late 1990s, CORBA's complexity, inconsistency, and high licensing costs have relegated it to being a niche technology.
Simon Whitlock
Simon Whitlock (born 3 March 1969) is an Australian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, having previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and World Seniors Darts (WSD) events.

Nicknamed "the Wizard", he won the 2012 European Championship and the 2022 World Cup of Darts for Australia, partnering Damon Heta. Whitlock is also a two-time World Championship finalist, having been the runner-up at the BDO World Darts Championship in 2008, and the PDC World Darts Championship in 2010. He has won a total of 18 PDC titles and 31 Dartsplayers Australia (DPA) titles. In 2025, he became the inaugural ANZ Premier League champion.

2008 BDO World Darts Championship
The 2008 BDO World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2008 Lakeside World Professional Darts Championship) was the 31st World Championship staged by the British Darts Organisation and was held between 5–13 January 2008 at the Lakeside Country Club, Frimley Green, Surrey.

Martin Adams attempted to defend the title that he won at the 14th attempt in 2007 but he lost in the Semi-Finals to Mark Webster. Webster won the World Championship, beating Simon Whitlock 7–5 in the final.

Anastasia Dobromyslova won the Women's World Championship, becoming the first player to beat Trina Gulliver in the World Championship. Gulliver had won all of the previous seven titles.
Max Wertheimer
Max Wertheimer (German: [ˈvɛʁthaɪ̯mɐ]; April 15, 1880 – October 12, 1943) was a psychologist who was one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler. He is known for his book Productive Thinking and for conceiving the phi phenomenon as part of his work in Gestalt psychology.

Wertheimer became interested in psychology and studied under Carl Stumpf at the University of Berlin. Wertheimer then went on to obtain his PhD in 1904 under Oswald Külpe, at the University of Würzburg and then began his intellectual career teaching at the Institute for Social Research at Frankfurt University. For a short time, he left Frankfurt to work at the Berlin Psychological Institute, but returned in 1929 as a full professor.

Wertheimer eventually joined the faculty of The New School in New York, a position he held until his death. One of Wertheimer's postdoc researchers was the American psychologist Abraham Maslow who greatly admired Wertheimer.

Kurt Koffka
Kurt Koffka (German: [ˈkɔfka]; March 12, 1886 – November 22, 1941) was a German psychologist and professor. He was born and educated in Berlin, Germany; he died in Northampton, Massachusetts, from coronary thrombosis. He was influenced by his maternal uncle, a biologist, to pursue science. He had many interests including visual perception, brain damage, sound localization, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology. He worked alongside Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler to develop Gestalt psychology. Koffka had several publications including "The Growth of the Mind: An Introduction to Child Psychology" (1924) and "The Principles of Gestalt Psychology" (1935) which elaborated on his research.
Paul Coates (publisher)
William Paul Coates (born July 4, 1946) is an American publisher, printer and community activist. In 1978, he founded the Black Classic Press (BCP), devoted to publishing works significant to people of African descent, particularly previously out-of-print books. He also established the printing company BCP Digital Printing in 1995. He is the father of author and journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates.

Black Classic Press
Black Classic Press (BCP) is an African-American book publishing company, founded by W. Paul Coates in 1978. Since then, BCP has published original titles by notable authors including Walter Mosley, John Henrik Clarke, E. Ethelbert Miller, Yosef Ben-Jochannan, and Dorothy B. Porter, as well as reissuing significant works by Tony Martin, Amiri Baraka, Larry Neal, W. E. B. Du Bois, Edward Blyden, J. E. Casely Hayford, Bobby Seale, J. A. Rogers, and others.

An affiliated company is BCP Digital Printing, established in 1995 to serve as the printer for Black Classic Press as well as for other companies and organizations.
Desert pavement
A desert pavement, also called reg (in western Sahara), serir (in eastern Sahara), gibber (in Australia), hamada (western Sahara and Middle East), or saï (in central Asia) is a desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size. They typically top alluvial fans. Desert varnish collects on the exposed surface rocks over time. The presence of desert pavement typically is used as an indicator for the aridity of an area and the relative age of geomorphic surfaces.

Geologists debate the mechanics of pavement formation and their age. Studies look at pavements on alluvial surfaces and show that older surfaces have more developed pavements with small, angular rocks that are well sorted and tightly packed together.

Desert varnish
Desert varnish or rock varnish is an orange-yellow to black coating found on exposed rock surfaces in arid environments. Desert varnish is approximately one micrometer thick and exhibits nanometer-scale layering. Rock rust and desert patina are other terms which are also used for the condition, but less often.