hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard T. Liddicoat
Richard T. Liddicoat, Jr. (March 2, 1918 – July 23, 2002) was an American gemologist. An educator in gemology, he contributed in the area of diamond quality grading and gem identification. Liddicoat was the Chairman of the Board of Governors at the Gemological Institute of America (GIA).

Gemological Institute of America
The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to evaluate gemstone quality. The institute does so through research, gem identification, diamond grading services, and a variety of educational programs. Through its library and subject experts, GIA acts as a resource of gem and jewelry information for the trade, public, and media.

In 1953, the GIA developed its International Diamond Grading System and the "four Cs" (cut, clarity, color, and carat weight) as a standard to compare and evaluate the quality of diamonds.

As of 2024, the institute was headquartered in Carlsbad, California, and operates in 13 countries, with 11 campuses, 9 laboratories, and 4 research centers.
Calico, California
Calico is a ghost town and former mining town in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Located in the Calico Mountains of the Mojave Desert region of Southern California, it was founded in 1881 as a silver mining town, and was later converted into a county park named Calico Ghost Town. Located off Interstate 15, it lies 3 miles (4.8 km) equidistant from Barstow and Yermo. Giant letters spelling CALICO are visible, from the highway, on the Calico Peaks behind it. Walter Knott purchased Calico in the 1950s, and rebuilt all but the five remaining original buildings to look as they did in the 1880s. Calico received California Historical Landmark #782, and in 2005 was proclaimed by then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to be California's Silver Rush Ghost Town.

Calico Peaks
The Calico Peaks are geologically and historically colorful mountains in the Calico Mountains Range in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County and Inyo County, California. They are located just north of Barstow, Yermo, and Interstate 15.
De Boom Die Alles Zag
De Boom Die Alles Zag (transl. The Tree That Saw It All) is a grey poplar (Populus × canescens) tree located in Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, that survived the crash of El Al Flight 1862 on 4 October 1992. Due to the eye-shaped patterns on its trunk, the tree was considered to be an eyewitness of the accident and its aftermath. An official memorial was built next to the tree, where the accident is commemorated every year on its anniversary. It is a part of a larger monument, Het Groeiend Monument (transl. The Growing Monument).

The tree lost a part of its roots during the clean-up of the soil, which made it necessary to support it with two cables attached to neighbouring trees. The soil under it was replaced in 2017 to stimulate root growth, which according to pulling tests four years later improved its condition, but the tree is still supported by the cables to prevent it from falling.

El Al Flight 1862
On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747 cargo aircraft of the Israeli airline El Al, crashed into the Groeneveen and Klein-Kruitberg flats in the Bijlmermeer (colloquially "Bijlmer") neighbourhood of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The accident is known in Dutch as the Bijlmerramp (Bijlmer disaster).

Forty-seven people are known to have been killed, including all 4 on board and 43 on the ground.: 9  The exact number killed on the ground is uncertain, as the building housed many unregistered residents. Eleven people were seriously injured and 15 received minor injuries. The accident is the deadliest aviation disaster to have occurred in the Netherlands.
Angus Gault
Angus Tait Gault (30 May 1912 – November 1983) was a rugby league player. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in four matches in 1937 and 1938. In the process he became the 251st player to represent New Zealand. He played rugby union in the Waitomo area for Hangatiki, and represented Maniapoto in the early-to-mid-1930s before moving to Auckland and playing rugby league for the Manukau club. He went on to represent Auckland, Auckland Pākehā, the North Island, and ultimately New Zealand.

Auckland rugby league team
The Auckland rugby league team is the team which traditionally represents all of the clubs which play in the Auckland Rugby League competition. As well as a senior men's team there are also Auckland representative teams throughout the various age groups such as under 15s, under 17s, under 19s and under 21s.

Under the new zone scheme introduced in 2010 the Auckland team represents the North Shore, East Auckland and West Auckland, while South Auckland is represented by the Counties Manukau rugby league team. The zone team is named the Akarana Falcons.
Comunità Incontro
Comunità Incontro (English: Community Encounter) is an Italian drug rehabilitation facility founded by Pierino Gelmini, an Italian Catholic priest, on 13 February 1963. The facility, which is based in Amelia, Italy, received substantial backlash following Gelmini's 1971 arrest on charges of fraud, as well as further accusations of child sexual abuse by Gelmini before his death in 2014.

Drug rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and stop substance misuse to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and medical consequences that can be caused.

Treatment includes medication for comorbidities, counseling by experts, and sharing of experience with other recovering individuals.
AUR Alliance
The AUR Alliance (Romanian: Alianța AUR) is a right-wing to far-right political alliance in Romania, consisting of the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) and other smaller parties. The alliance was founded in January 2023, and aims to participate in the 2024 Romanian elections and 2025 Romanian presidential elections.

National Rebirth Alliance
The National Rebirth Alliance (Romanian: Alianța Renașterea Națională, ARN) was a right-wing, Christian conservative political party in Romania. The party's main values were faith, family, and education.
Francis Libermann Catholic High School
Francis Libermann Catholic High School (alternatively known as Francis Libermann CHS, Libermann High, FLCHS, FL, Francis Libermann, or Libermann) is a Catholic secondary school (as of 2003, an elementary school as well) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Agincourt neighbourhood of Scarborough, and part of the Toronto Catholic District School Board, formerly the Metropolitan Separate School Board.

The school is named after the priest Francis Libermann, a French Jewish convert to Roman Catholicism in the 19th century and the "Second Founder" of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit. It was initially founded in 1977 as a semi-private school. It became a public separate school in 1986. Libermann is enrolled with 927 students as of 2018-19 and ranked 148 of 738 schools in Fraser Institute Report Card. The motto is "Inter Mutanda Constantia" ("Steadfast in the midst of Change")

Congregation of the Holy Spirit
The Congregation of the Holy Spirit (officially the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the protection of the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin Mary; Latin: Congregatio Sancti Spiritus sub tutela Immaculati Cordis Beatissimae Virginis Mariae) is a religious congregation for men in the Catholic Church. Members are often known as Holy Ghost Fathers or, in continental Europe and the Anglosphere, as Spiritans, and members use the postnominals CSSp.
David Lansana
Brigadier David Lansana (22 March 1922 – 19 July 1975) was a Sierra Leonean military officer and prominent military figure in Sierra Leone during its colonial and post-independence period. Lansana was one of the most distinguished officers in the history of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces, and was one of the first Sierra Leoneans to train at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Berkshire, United Kingdom.

Through his marriage to Komeh Gulama Lansana, the daughter of Paramount Chief Julius Gulama of Kaiyamba Chiefdom, Lansana was therefore a relative of Paramount Chief Ella Koblo Gulama and her husband Paramount Chief Bai Koblo Pathbana II, two of the nation's most influential politicians.

On 21 March 1967, Lansana staged Sierra Leone's first coup d'état. Lansana was charged with treason, tried and found guilty, and was eventually executed on 19 July 1975.

Bai Koblo Pathbana II
Bai Koblo Pathbana II, CBE was a paramount chief and politician in Lunsar, Port Loko District, Sierra Leone. He was crowned the 43rd Paramount Chief of Marampa-Masimera Chiefdom in 1943.

In 1946, he married Ella Gulama, the daughter of Julius Gulama, Paramount Chief of Kaiyamba District and ruler of the largest Mende chiefdom in Sierra Leone. Their marriage was a significant cross-tribal union marriage between an ethnic Temne and an ethnic Mende, the two most powerful clans in Sierra Leone.

Pathbana became a Cabinet Minister without Portfolio in the All People's Congress government led by Siaka Stevens in 1967. The post had been held by his wife Ella in the previous administration of Sir Albert Margai.

He was awarded a Member of the Order of the British Empire MBE and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)in the 1969 New Year Honours.
Ma Sik-yu
Ma Sik-yu (traditional Chinese: 馬惜如; simplified Chinese: 马惜如; pinyin: Mǎ Xī-rú; Jyutping: Maa5 Sik1-jyu4, died 1998) was a Hong Kong businessman and, along with his brother Ma Sik-chun, co-founder of the Oriental Daily News.

Ma Sik-chun
Ma Sik-chun (traditional Chinese: 馬惜珍; simplified Chinese: 马惜珍; pinyin: Mǎ Xī-zhēn; Jyutping: Maa5 Sik1-zan1, 1938 – 15 June 2015) was a Hong Kong businessman, media mogul and, along with his brother Ma Sik-yu, co-founder of the Oriental Daily News.
Krambatangi
Krambatangi is the ferry port of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. The ferry MS Smyril M/F disembarks 2–3 times daily from Krambatangi to Tórshavn. Krambatangi is located on the southern side of Trongisvágsfjørður halfway between Trongisvágur and Øravík, opposite Tvøroyri. The ferry port was earlier on Drelnes, which is a few hundred metres further east of Krambatangi. But in 2005 a new ferry arrived, which was much bigger than the prior one, and therefore required a new ferryport at Krambatangi. Krambatangi does not belong to the municipality of Tvøroyri, and there have been some disagreements between the Tvøroyri municipality and Strandfaraskip Landsins (SSL) because they didn't pay harbour dues for entering the port of Tvøroyri. The Faroese court decided that SSL ought to pay for entering the port of Tvøroyri, but SSL appealed the verdict.

Tvøroyri
Tvøroyri is a village on the north side of the Trongisvágsfjørður on the east coast of Suðuroy island in the Faroe Islands. Together with Froðba, Trongisvágur, Líðin and Øravík it forms Tvøroyri Municipality.

The village is considered to have been founded in 1836, when the Royal Danish Monopoly Trade Store was founded on a small tongue of land, called Tvøroyri. In a short span of years, Tvøroyri grew into a large village, mainly after 1856 when the monopoly state of the store was abolished. Around the turn of the 20th century, Tvøroyri was one of the largest towns on the Faroe Islands and had one of the main fishing industries.
Lapa Terra Ronca
Lapa Terra Ronca or Caverna Terra Ronca I (GO-063), is a dolomitic limestone cave inside the area of the Terra Ronca State Park, which houses the largest collection of caves and grottoes in the midwest with a number of about 200 being that only Terra Ronca and Angelica are open for the tourists. It is located about 400 kilometers from Brasília, midway between the municipalities of São Domingos, Posse e Guarani de Goiás, in the State of Goiás, Brazil.

Thousands of years ago, a landslide caused its division into two parts. The first can be visited easily, but the second part requires a tour guide. It's called Terra Ronca II or Malhada, also of gigantic proportions. It has two skylights, one of them called Araras and a large gallery called Lovers' Hall decorated with rich stalactites and stalagmites and huge sand dunes crossed by the underground Lapa river.

Buraco das Araras (Goiás)
Buraco das Araras - Dolina dos Maracanas (BR-020) (English: Hole of the Macaws) is one of the largest quartzitic caves located in the State of Goiás, Brazil. It is located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of Brasília and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the district of Bezerra, in the municipality of Formosa. It is considered one of the largest sinkholes (dolinas) in the world.
Municipality of the District of Guysborough
Guysborough, officially the Municipality of the District of Guysborough, is a Canadian district municipality in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia. First inhabited by the Mi'kmaq, The area was colonized by France in the 17th century. Large numbers of loyalists settled in the area after the American Revolutionary War. The Municipality was created in 1879 when the administration of Guysborough County was divided between Guysborough and St. Mary's. Canso was incorporated as a town in 1901, but dissolved and rejoined the municipality in 2012. The municipal office is located in Guysborough.

Guysborough, Nova Scotia (community)
Guysborough (population: 397) is an unincorporated village in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Guysborough County.

Located at the head of Chedabucto Bay, fronting Guysborough Harbour, it is the administrative seat of the Guysborough municipal district. The community is named after Sir Guy Carleton (Guy's borough).

The area was first settled by the French in 1634. The Acadian population left the region in the early 1760's and English settlers began arriving shortly afterwards. The current settlement of Guysborough was founded by loyalists in 1784, after the America  Revolutionary War.
Arkansas Highway 98
Arkansas Highway 98 (AR 98 and Hwy. 98) is an east–west state highway in Columbia County, Arkansas. The 47.15-mile-long (75.88 km) route travels essentially in an incomplete loop with Magnolia at its center. The route begins at U.S. Route 82 (US 82) near Waldo and intersects US 371, US 79, US 82, and US 79 before terminating at AR 19. An officially designated exception over US 371 of 1.12 miles (1.80 km) occurs near the eastern terminus.

Columbia County, Arkansas
Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,801. The county seat is Magnolia. The county was formed on December 17, 1852, and was named for Christopher Columbus. The Magnolia, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Columbia County.

Columbia County is home to Southern Arkansas University, which dominates the economic and cultural landscape of the county.
Hillsdale, Michigan
Hillsdale is the largest city in Hillsdale County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 8,036 at the 2020 census. It is the home of Hillsdale College, a private liberal arts college.

Hillsdale College
Hillsdale College is a private, conservative, Christian liberal arts college in Hillsdale, Michigan, United States. It was founded in 1844 by members of the Free Will Baptists. Women were admitted to the college from its foundation, making the college the second-oldest coeducational institution in the United States, after Oberlin College (1837). Hillsdale's required core curriculum includes courses on the Great Books, the U.S. Constitution, theology, biology, chemistry, and physics. The college's mission statement identifies it as a "nonsectarian Christian institution".

Since the late 20th century, in order to opt out of government mandates tied to funding, Hillsdale has declined both state and federal financial support. Instead, Hillsdale depends entirely on private donations to supplement students' tuition.
Milton, New Hampshire
Milton is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,482 at the 2020 census. A manufacturing, resort and residential town, Milton includes the village of Milton Mills. The primary village in town, where 593 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Milton census-designated place (CDP), and is located along New Hampshire Route 125 and the Salmon Falls River, just north of Route 75.

Milton Mills, New Hampshire
Milton Mills is a small village and census-designated place in the town of Milton, Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 313 at the 2020 census. Milton Mills has a separate ZIP code (03852) from the rest of the town of Milton.
Fouad Shehab Command and Staff College
The Fouad Shehab Command and Staff College (CSC) (Arabic: كلية فؤاد شهاب للقيادة والأركان Kouliyat Fouad Chehab lelkiyada' wal'arkan) is a Lebanese Armed Forces facility that functions as a graduate school for the Lebanese Army in addition to other Arab armies. It was originally established in 1974 as the Center of Higher Military Education. The college is named after the former Lebanese Army commander-in-chief and former Lebanese president Fuad Chehab.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa
Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr (Thorgerdr Holgabrudr) and Irpa are divine figures in Norse mythology. They appear together in Jómsvíkinga saga, Njáls saga, and Þorleifs þáttr jarlsskálds. Irpa's name does not appear outside of these four attestations, but Þorgerðr also appears in the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál, Færeyinga saga, and Harðar saga ok Hólmverja and is mentioned in Ketils saga hœngs.

Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr is particularly associated with Haakon Sigurdsson (d. 995), and, in Jómsvíkinga saga and Þorleifs þáttr jarlsskálds, Þorgerðr and Irpa are described as sisters. The roles of the Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa in these sources and the implications of their names has been the topic of some scholarly discourse and conjecture.

Þorleifr jarlsskáld
Þorleifr Rauðfeldarson, known by the epithet jarlsskáld or jarlaskáld ("earls'/earl's poet") was an Icelandic skald in the second half of the 10th century. He was one of the court poets of Jarl Hákon Sigurðarson and composed drápur on both the jarl and King Sweyn Forkbeard, but little of his work survives.

He is the protagonist of Þorleifs þáttr jarlaskálds, a largely fictional tale in the Flateyjarbók version of Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta, and is also mentioned in Svarfdœla saga and as a skald in a number of other sources, including Landnámabók and Skáldatal.
Fowell Buxton
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, 1st Baronet Buxton of Belfield and Runton (1 April 1786 – 19 February 1845), was an English Member of Parliament, brewer, abolitionist and social reformer. He married Hannah Gurney, whose sister became Elizabeth Fry, and became a great friend of her brother Joseph John Gurney and the extended Gurney family.

Abolitionism in the United Kingdom
Abolitionism in the United Kingdom was the movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United Kingdom, the British Empire and the world, including ending the Atlantic slave trade. It was part of a wider abolitionism movement in Western Europe and the Americas. It spanned over a century and involved a wide range of activists, politicians, religious groups, and former slaves.

The trade of slaves was abolished throughout the British Empire by 1937, with Nigeria and Bahrain being the last British territories to abolish slavery.
Periphery (band)
Periphery is an American progressive metal band that was formed in Washington, D.C., in 2005. Their musical style has been described as progressive metal, djent, and progressive metalcore. They are considered one of the pioneers of the djent movement within progressive metal. They have also received a Grammy nomination. The band consists of vocalist Spencer Sotelo, guitarists Misha Mansoor, Mark Holcomb, Jake Bowen, and drummer Matt Halpern.

The band has released seven studio albums: their self-titled debut, Periphery II: This Time It's Personal, the double album Juggernaut: Alpha and Omega, Periphery III: Select Difficulty, Periphery IV: Hail Stan and Periphery V: Djent Is Not a Genre. They have also released two EPs: Icarus EP and Clear. All Periphery material is self-produced by the members of the band.

Periphery II: This Time It's Personal
Periphery II: This Time It's Personal is the second studio album by American progressive metal band Periphery. The album was released on June 29, 2012 through Roadrunner Records in Australia and on July 3 through Sumerian in America. It was produced by Misha Mansoor and Adam Getgood. It is the first record by the band to feature new members Mark Holcomb and Adam "Nolly" Getgood, replacing Alex Bois and Tom Murphy on guitar and bass, respectively.
Algoma West
Algoma West was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1968. It was created in 1903 from parts of Algoma riding.

The west riding of Algoma was defined to consist of the portion of the territorial district of Algoma lying west of Algoma East riding.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Algoma, Cochrane,
Sault Ste. Marie and Timmins—Chapleau ridings.
Algoma West was created in 1903 from Algoma, and was abolished in 1966 into Algoma and Sault Ste. Marie.

Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing
Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until 2023. The area was represented by the riding of Algoma from 1867 to 1904 and from 1968 to 1996 and then by Algoma—Manitoulin from 1996 to 2004. In 2023 the riding was dissolved with parts going to Kapuskasing—Timmins—Mushkegowuk, Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma, Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel Belt, and Thunder Bay—Superior North.
Feminine hygiene
Feminine hygiene products are personal care products used for women's hygiene during menstruation, vaginal discharge, or other bodily functions related to the vulva and vagina. Products that are used during menstruation may also be called menstrual hygiene products, including menstrual pads, tampons, pantyliners, menstrual cups, menstrual sponges and period panties.

Feminine hygiene products are either disposable or reusable. Sanitary napkins, tampons, and pantyliners are disposable feminine hygiene products. Menstrual cups, cloth menstrual pads, period panties, and sponges are reusable feminine hygiene products.

Feminine hygiene products also include products meant to cleanse the vulva or vagina, such as douches, feminine wipes, and soap.

Feminine wipe
Feminine wipes are feminine hygiene products marketed to clean the vulvar area and are marketed for odor control. As with other feminine hygiene products they are typically used by younger women and women of color. The use of these products has increased over time and the market for feminine wipe product globally is projected to be worth over $2 billion by 2027.