hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Principles and Practice of Engineering exam
The Principles and Practice of Engineering exam is the examination required for one to become a Professional Engineer (PE) in the United States.  It is the second exam required, coming after the Fundamentals of Engineering exam.

Upon passing the PE exam and meeting other eligibility requirements, that vary by state, such as education and experience, an engineer can then become registered in their State to stamp and sign engineering drawings and calculations as a PE.

While the PE itself is sufficient for most engineering fields, some states require a further certification for structural engineers.  These require the passing of the Structural I exam and/or the Structural II exam.

The PE Exam is created and scored by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES). NCEES is a national non-profit organization composed of engineering and surveying licensing boards representing all states and U.S. territories.

National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is an American non-profit organization dedicated to advancing professional licensure for engineers and surveyors. The Council’s members are the engineering and surveying licensure boards from all 50  U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. These boards are divided into four geographic zones: Central, Northeast, Southern, Western. It is headquartered in Greenville, South Carolina.
Battle of Nadaun
The Battle of Nadaun, alternatively known as the Hussaini Yudh, was fought at Nadaun, between Raja Bhim Chand of Bilaspur (Kahlur) and the Mughals under Alif Khan. Bhim Chand was supported by Guru Gobind Singh (the tenth Sikh Guru) and the Mughals were supported by other hill chieftains, notably Kirpal Chand from Kangra and Dayal Chand from Bijharwal. Bhim Chand and some hill chieftains, after the conclusion of the Battle of Bhangani, had refused to pay tribute to the Mughal emperor which led to the battle at Nadaun. The battle resulted in the victory of Bilaspur State and Sikh alliance.

Bichitra Natak, considered to be the autobiography of Guru Gobind Singh, is one of the major sources of information about the battle. However, its authorship is disputed by some scholars.

Bilaspur State (princely state)
Bilaspur State (or Kahlur State) was a kingdom (697–1815) and later a princely state (1815–1948) under the Punjab States Agency of British India. The state was earlier known as Kahlur and was later renamed Bilaspur. It covered an area of 1,173 km2 (453 sq mi) and had a population of 100,994 according to the 1931 Census of India. The last ruler of Bilaspur State acceded to the Indian Union on 12 October 1948. Bilaspur State remained Bilaspur Province in independent India until 1950 when the province was briefly renamed "Bilaspur State" before it was merged with Himachal Pradesh state as a district in 1954.
Michael Tait
Michael DeWayne Tait (born May 18, 1966) is an American singer who was active in contemporary Christian music from 1987 to early 2025, mainly as the vocalist for DC Talk, Tait, and Newsboys.

Tait met Toby McKeehan in 1984 when he was in high school. Both Tait and McKeehan met Kevin Max while attending Liberty University in the late 1980s, and together they formed four-time Grammy-winning band DC Talk, releasing five acclaimed studio albums. After DC Talk went on hiatus in 2000, Tait had success in a solo career, founding a self-titled band that toured until 2007. Following his solo band's dissolution, Tait was the lead singer of Newsboys from 2009 to 2025. Tait has a sister, Lynda Randle, who is a Southern Gospel singer.

Beginning in June 2025, allegations emerged that Tait had groomed and sexually assaulted a number of men. He subsequently admitted the allegations were "largely true", apologized, and said he was seeking "spiritual healing" away from the public.

Newsboys
Newsboys (sometimes stylised as newsboys) is a Christian rock band that has existed in various permutations since its founding in 1985 in Mooloolaba, Queensland, Australia, by Peter Furler and George Perdikis. Now based in Nashville, Tennessee, in the United States, the band has released 17 studio albums, six of which have been certified gold. As of 2025, the band consists of guitarist Jody Davis, keyboardist Jeff Frankenstein, drummer, and percussionist Duncan Phillips, and lead vocalist, and bassist Adam Agee (formerly of Stellar Kart and Audio Adrenaline); no founding members remain in the lineup. In addition to performing music, the band has appeared in the films God's Not Dead, God's Not Dead 2, and God's Not Dead: A Light in Darkness.
Guild House (Philadelphia)
Guild House is a residential building in Philadelphia which is an important and influential work of 20th-century architecture and was the first major work by Robert Venturi. Along with the Vanna Venturi House it is considered to be one of the earliest expressions of Postmodern architecture, and helped establish Venturi as one of the leading architects of the 20th century.

The building, which contains apartments for low-income senior citizens, was commissioned by a local Quaker organization, Friends Rehabilitation Program, Inc. and completed in 1963. Employing a combination of nondescript commercial architecture and ironic historical references, Guild House represented a conscious rejection of Modernist ideals and was widely cited in the subsequent development of the Postmodern movement.

Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style championed by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. The movement was formally introduced by the architect and urban planner Denise Scott Brown and architectural theorist Robert Venturi in their 1972 book Learning from Las Vegas, building upon Venturi's "gentle manifesto" Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, published by the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1966.

The style flourished from the 1980s through the 1990s, particularly in the work of Scott Brown & Venturi, Philip Johnson, Charles Moore and Michael Graves. In the late 1990s, it divided into a multitude of new tendencies, including high-tech architecture, neo-futurism, new classical architecture, and deconstructivism. However, some buildings built after this period are still considered postmodern.
The Masked Singer (Australian TV series)
The Masked Singer Australia is an Australian reality television singing competition show which was hosted by Osher Günsberg, that premiered on Network 10 on 23 September 2019. It is based on the international music game show franchise format Masked Singer which originated from the South Korean television program King of Mask Singer. The show was recorded at Disney Studios Australia, formerly called Fox Studios Australia.

Although the series was renewed for a sixth season in October 2023, which was set to air in 2024, the series was later cancelled by Ten in May 2024.

Osher Günsberg
Osher Günsberg (born Andrew Günsberg; 29 March 1974), formerly known by the stage name Andrew G, is an Australian television and radio presenter and journalist. He was the host of the reality TV series The Bachelor Australia, The Bachelorette Australia, and Bachelor in Paradise Australia. He is the narrator of the factual TV series Bondi Rescue as well as the host of the music talent show The Masked Singer Australia.

He is also known for his hosting roles on Channel [V], Australian Idol, Live to Dance on CBS, and radio shows including Take 40 Australia and The Hot Hits. Günsberg also narrated the factual television program Recruits. He was a regular contributor to The Project.
Robert Walls
Robert Walls (21 July 1950 – 15 May 2025) was an Australian rules footballer who represented Carlton and Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s and 1970s.

In a playing career that spanned three decades, Walls played a combined 259 games and kicked a total of 444 goals. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, he continued to coach in the VFL/AFL for a total of 347 games across four different clubs.

As a coach, his greatest achievement came in 1987 when he coached Carlton to the 1987 VFL premiership, the same club he won premierships with as player in 1968, 1970 and 1972. After his coaching career ended, Walls became involved in the AFL media as a commentator and columnist.

1972 VFL grand final
The 1972 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Richmond Football Club and Carlton Football Club at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 7 October 1972. It was the 75th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1972 VFL season. The match, attended by 112,393 spectators, was won by Carlton by a margin of 27 points, marking that club's 11th premiership victory.
Aldershot Crematorium
Aldershot Crematorium and Memorial Gardens, formerly Park Crematorium, serves the town of Aldershot in Hampshire, England, as well as surrounding areas, including Surrey and Berkshire. The original crematorium building was designed by Frank Taylor, the Aldershot Borough Surveyor, and opened in July 1960. It has undergone major refurbishments in 1997 and 2025.

Reopened in December 2025 after a £4.7 million major rebuilding and refurbishment, the crematorium is operated and maintained by Rushmoor Borough Council.

Aldershot
Aldershot (/ˈɔːldərʃɒt/ AWL-dər-shot) is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme north-east corner of the county, 31 mi (50 km) south-west of London. The town has a population of 40,160, while the Aldershot Urban Area – a loose conurbation, which also includes other towns such as Camberley and Farnborough – has a population of 243,344; it is the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.

Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town.
Improvisational Team Synchronization
Improvisational Team Synchronization, Improv Team Sync, or ITS (formerly Improvisational Tribal Style) belly dance is a style of group dance improvisation, often associated with Tribal Fusion and belly dance. ITS is performed by a group of dancers consisting of one of more leaders and followers. The dance relies on a shared vocabulary of movements, each initiated by the leader using a distinct cue movement. After the cue, a short choreographed movement sequence, or combo, is performed by the group. The leader chooses the combo based on their interpretation of the music, which is often done spontaneously during the performance. The result is a dance that appears choreographed, but is in fact structured improvisation. This format of structured group improvisation was first developed by Carolena Nericcio-Bohlman, the founder of American Tribal Style.

Tribal Fusion
Tribal Fusion Belly Dance is a modern Western form of belly dance that was created by fusing American Tribal Style belly dance and American Cabaret belly dance. Artists frequently incorporate elements from Popping, Hip Hop, 'Egyptian' or 'Cabaret' belly dance, as well as movement principles from traditional forms such as Flamenco, Kathak, Odissi, and other folkloric and classical dance styles.
Amboiva
Amboiva is a town and commune in the municipality of Seles, province of Cuanza Sul, Angola. It is roughly 55 kilometres east of Uku and 80 kilometres southeast of Gabela. It lies at an altitude of 1244 metres.

The People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) and Cuban troops took the town on 1 February 1976 during the Angolan Civil War.

Seles, Angola
Seles is a town and municipality in Cuanza Sul Province in Angola.

The municipality had a population of 187,127 in 2014. It is on the Atlantic coast, roughly 55 kilometres west by road from Amboiva and 78 kilometres east by road from Sumbe.

Until 1975, Seles was called Vila Nova do Seles or Vila do Seles. Part of the town is also known as Uku.
RAF Eastchurch
Royal Air Force Eastchurch or more simply RAF Eastchurch (formerly RNAS Eastchurch) is a former Royal Air Force station near Eastchurch village, on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent, England. The history of aviation at Eastchurch stretches back to the first decade of the 20th century when it was used as an airfield by members of the Royal Aero Club. The area saw the first flight by a British pilot in Britain.

In 1910 it was operated by the Royal Navy as a training aerodrome and it was known as the Naval Flying School, Eastchurch.  In the 1910s the airfield was designated Royal Naval Air Station Eastchurch. With the amalgamation of the Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps on 1 April 1918, the station was transferred to the newly formed Royal Air Force and was re-designated Royal Air Force Eastchurch.

Eastchurch
Eastchurch is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Sheppey, in the English county of Kent, two miles east of Minster. The village website claims the area has "a history steeped in stories of piracy and smugglers".
Gan Zhuo
Gan Zhuo (died 23 June 322), courtesy name Jisi, was a military general of the Jin dynasty (266–420). The great-grandson of the famed general, Gan Ning, he was involved in the suppression of Shi Bing's rebellion, but later allied himself with Chen Min in his takeover of the Jiangnan region in 305. After the Jiangnan gentry rose up against Chen Min in 307, he defected back to Jin and played a role in defeating the rebellion. Gan Zhuo later became an important retainer of the Prince of Langya and future emperor Yuan of Jin, Sima Rui, participating in campaigns against Zhou Fu, Hua Yi and Du Tao to consolidate his position in the Jiangnan. In 322, Gan Zhuo raised an army against the Jin commander, Wang Dun as he attacked Emperor Yuan at Jiankang, but his indecisiveness and declining mental state stopped him from preventing the imperial forces' defeat, and he was soon assassinated by his subordinate.

Du Tao
Du Tao (died 16 September 315?), courtesy name Jingwen, was a Chinese rebel leader during the Jin dynasty (266–420). In 311, he was proclaimed the leader of an uprising by Ba and Shu refugees in Jing and Xiang (湘州; in modern Hunan) provinces, who had been oppressed by the local populace. After Du Tao ousted the provincial inspectors, the Prince of Langya, Sima Rui in the east sent his generals Wang Dun, Tao Kan and Zhou Fang to campaign against him. His rebellion lasted for roughly four years, before he presumably died while fleeing in 315.
The Good Judgment Project
The Good Judgment Project (GJP) is an organization dedicated to "harnessing the wisdom of the crowd to forecast world events". It was co-created by Philip E. Tetlock (author of Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction and Expert Political Judgment), decision scientist Barbara Mellers, and Don Moore, all professors at the University of Pennsylvania.

The project began as a participant in the Aggregative Contingent Estimation (ACE) program of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). It then extended its crowd wisdom to commercial activities, recruiting forecasters and aggregating the predictions of the most historically accurate among them to forecast future events. Predictions are scored using Brier scores. The top forecasters in GJP are "reportedly 30% better than intelligence officers with access to actual classified information."

Aggregative Contingent Estimation Program
Aggregative Contingent Estimation (ACE) was a program of the Office of Incisive Analysis (OIA) at the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA).  The program ran from June 2010 until June 2015.
Sudan national football team
The Sudan national football team (Arabic: مُنْتَخَب السُّودَان الْوَطَنِيّ لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم, romanized: muntaḵab as-sūdān al-waṭaniyy likurratu l-qadam) represents Sudan in international football and is controlled by the Sudan Football Association, the governing body for football in Sudan. Its home ground is Khartoum Stadium in the capital Khartoum. In 1957, it was one of the three teams to participate in the inaugural Africa Cup of Nations, the other two being Egypt and Ethiopia.

Sudan is one of the oldest teams in Africa and won the 1970 Africa Cup of Nations as hosts.

1970 African Cup of Nations
The 1970 African Cup of Nations was the seventh edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by Sudan. Just like in 1968, the field of eight teams was split into two groups of four. Sudan won its first championship, beating Ghana in the final 1−0.

The tournament marked the fourth final appearance in a row for Ghana.
Masroor Hosain
Masroor Hosain (29 December 1922 – 24 May 1967) was a Pakistani air commodore who was among the pioneer officers of the Pakistan Air Force, a one-star rank officer, aerobatic pilot, and fighter pilot. In the summer of 1952, Hosain was the 
captain of the Royal Pakistan Air Force Hockey team during their tour to Australia and New Zealand.

On 24 May 1967, while approaching runway 27 at PAF Station Mauripur in his B-57 Canberra at a low altitude, a vulture impacted his canopy and killed the highly distinguished pilot instantly. The aircraft hit the ground at high speed and its debris were flung over a vast area, but no one else was killed. Masroor's death was noted as a significant loss for the Pakistan Air Force. He was mentioned in Field Marshal Ayub Khan's diary, and Masroor's close friend, former Commander-in-Chief Air Marshal Asghar Khan, wrote an obituary for him in The Pakistan Times.

On 24 May 1968, PAF Station Mauripur was renamed to PAF Station Masroor in his honor.

PAF Base Masroor
Pakistan Air Force Base Masroor or more simply PAF Base Masroor (ICAO: OPMR) is the largest airbase operated by the Pakistan Air Force. It is located in the Mauripur area of Karachi, in the Sindh province.

The base was originally known as RIAF Base Mauripur (1940-47), RPAF Station Mauripur (1947-56), and after 23 March 1956, as PAF Station Mauripur.

PAF Base Faisal and PAF Base Bholari are the other Pakistan Air Force bases in Karachi.
Fairchild Group
The Fairchild Group is a Canadian business conglomerate headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Fairchild Group operates various media properties under the Fairchild Media Group name. Fairchild currently operates the Cantonese channel Fairchild TV, Cantonese & Mandarin radio network Fairchild Radio, and Mandarin channel Talentvision. Fairchild Group is also involved in film production, real estate development, retail, telecommunications and wholesale trade.

Fairchild TV
Fairchild TV or FTV (新時代電視), is a Canadian Cantonese language exempt specialty channel. It is owned by Fairchild Group, with Hong Kong broadcaster TVB holding a 20% minority stake. Fairchild TV has studios in the Greater Toronto Area (Richmond Hill, Ontario) and Greater Vancouver (inside Aberdeen Centre in Richmond, British Columbia).

The channel's origins can be traced to the Cantonese broadcasting service, Chinavision Canada was rebranded as Fairchild TV in 1993 when Thomas Fung purchased Chinavision.
Centrale tram stop
Centrale tram stop is a stop on the Tramlink service in Croydon town centre, serving the Centrale shopping centre. The tram stop was provided and paid for as part of the development of the shopping centre.

The stop operates as a transport interchange with trams stopping on one side of the platform and local buses on the other. Centrale, West Croydon and East Croydon, operate as Tramlink interchanges within the 'Croydon Loop'.

Centrale, Croydon
Centrale is a shopping centre in Croydon, South London. It is one of the largest covered retail developments in London. It is owned and managed by Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield and was opened in 2004. Plans were announced in January 2013 to redevelop Centrale and combine it with the Whitgift Centre.

Centrale is located on North End, Croydon, facing the Whitgift Centre. It was developed from the existing but much smaller Drummond Centre. It now contains a large store – House of Fraser and formerly a Debenhams store – and around 50 smaller stores including Next, H&M and Zara.
Palm Islands
The Palm Islands consist of three artificial archipelagos: Palm Jumeirah, Dubai Islands (formerly known as Palm Deira or Deira Islands), and Palm Jebel Ali, off the coast of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Palm Islands were constructed around the same time as The World Islands. Nakheel Properties is the Palm Islands real estate developer. The creation of the islands began in 2001 and ended around 2006/2007. These islands have significantly impacted ocean sediment and wildlife in the surrounding area.

Palm Jumeirah
The Palm Jumeirah (Arabic: نخلة جميرا) is an archipelago of artificial islands on the Persian Gulf in Jumeirah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is part of a larger series of developments called the Palm Islands, including Palm Jebel Ali and the Dubai Islands, which, when completed, will together increase Dubai's shoreline by a total of 520 kilometres (320 mi). It has a population of over 25,000 as of 2022.

The islands were created using land reclamation. They were created to resemble a palm tree when seen from the air, and are roughly divided into three areas: "trunk", "fronds", and "outer crescent". The trunk is a mixed commercial and residential area, the fronds are reserved for residential homes and villas, while the outer crescent is used for luxury and upscale resorts.

The Palm Jumeirah was constructed by a Dutch specialist dredging company, Van Oord. The same company also created The World Islands.
Phillips Code
The Phillips Code is a brevity code (shorthand) compiled and expanded in 1879 by Walter P. Phillips (then of the Associated Press) for the rapid transmission of telegraph messages, including press reports.

Wire signal
A wire signal is a brevity code used by telegraphers to save time and cost when sending long messages. The best-known code was the 92 Code adopted by Western Union in 1859. The code was designed to reduce bandwidth consumption over telegraph lines, thus speeding transmissions by utilizing a numerical code system for frequently used phrases.
Jean-Antoine Marbot
Jean-Antoine Marbot (/mɑːrˈboʊ/ mar-BOH, French: [ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan maʁbo]; 7 December 1754 – 19 April 1800), also known to contemporaries as Antoine Marbot, was a French general and politician. He belongs to a family that has distinguished itself particularly in the career of arms, giving three generals to France in less than 50 years.

Marcellin Marbot
Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin Marbot (/mɑːrˈboʊ/ mar-BOH, French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ɑ̃twan maʁsəlɛ̃ maʁbo]; 18 August 1782 – 16 November 1854), known as Marcellin Marbot, was a French general, famous for his memoirs depicting the Napoleonic age of warfare. He belongs to a family that has distinguished itself particularly in the career of arms, giving three generals to France in less than 50 years. His elder brother, Adolphe Marbot, was also a general.