hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra.

The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer.

Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate.

Tree line
The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually low temperatures, extreme snowpack, or associated lack of available moisture).: 51  The tree line is sometimes distinguished from a lower timberline, which is the line below which trees form a forest with a closed canopy.: 151 : 18

At the tree line, tree growth is often sparse, stunted, and deformed by wind and cold. This is sometimes known as krummholz (German for "crooked wood").: 58

The tree line often appears well-defined, but it can be a more gradual transition. Trees grow shorter and often at lower densities as they approach the tree line, above which they are unable to grow at all.: 55  Given a certain latitude, the tree line is approximately 300 to 1000 meters below the permanent snow line and roughly parallel to it.
Rehaai
Rehaai (Urdu: رہائی, lit. 'Liberation') is a 2013 Pakistani television drama series directed by Mehreen Jabbar and written by Farhat Ishtiaq. It premiered on Hum TV on 18 March 2013. The series stars Noman Ijaz, Samina Peerzada, Maria Wasti, Adnan Jilani, Rashid Farooqui, Yashal Nadeem, Nausheen Shah, and Danish Taimoor. The series was produced by Kashf Foundation in collaboration with Momina Duraid. It highlights real-life stories of clients of Kashf, a microfinance NGO, focusing on the challenges they face and how they overcome them with the help of small loans.

The drama focuses on child marriage, an endemic issue affecting low-income families in many parts of Pakistan. Its airing sparked widespread debate on child marriage and the Sindh Child Marriage Restraint Act, 2013.

Nauman Ijaz
Nauman Ijaz (Punjabi and Urdu: نُعمان اعجاز; born 14 February 1965) is a Pakistani actor. Active since 1989, he has played many roles and has been a senior actor on state television PTV. As of 2014, he had acted in some 175 television series.

He is the recipient of several accolades, including 10 Lux Style Awards, 7 Hum Awards and a President's Pride of Performance award, which was presented to him in 2012 from the President of Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari.

Occasionally, he has also served as a television host, while before becoming an actor he was a lawyer.
Hile
Hile (Nepali: हिले) is a hill town and market centre in Ward No. 1 of Dhankuta municipality in Dhankuta district of Koshi province, eastern Nepal. It lies on the Koshi Highway about 13 kilometres north of Dhankuta Bazaar, the district and municipal headquarters, at an elevation of about 1,948 metres (6,391 ft) above sea level. 
Hile serves as a junction town on the route to the hill districts of Tehrathum district and Sankhuwasabha district, and as a commercial centre for surrounding rural communities along the middle hills of eastern Nepal.

Dhankuta District
Dhankuta District (Nepali: धनकुटा जिल्ला) (Listenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district covers an area of 891 km2 (344 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 163,412. The hill town of Dhankuta serves as the district headquarters of Dhankuta District.
St Jude's Church, Kensington
St Jude's Church, Courtfield Gardens, Kensington, London, was designed by architects George Godwin and Henry Godwin, and built between 1867 and 1870; the tower and spire were constructed in 1879. It was built on the northern portion of Captain Robert Gunter's estate. The project was overseen by Reverend John Astbury Aston, and financed by John Derby Allcroft, a wealthy glove manufacturer. The construction, not including the tower, pulpit, font and organ cost £11,300, and was undertaken by Myers & Sons.

The building is now occupied by St Mellitus College, led by the Dean, Russell Winfield. The college runs ordination and theology courses. On Sundays the building is one of five sites where the church of Holy Trinity Brompton meets.

St Mellitus College
St Mellitus College is an English theological college established in 2007 by the Diocese of London and the Diocese of Chelmsford of the Church of England. It has campuses in Earl's Court, Chelmsford, Plymouth, and Nottingham, with growing links with other churches, colleges and dioceses throughout the United Kingdom and beyond. The president is Graham Tomlin, Bishop of Kensington, and the dean is Russell Winfield. St Mellitus College is a wholly non-residential college and has pioneered context-based training within the Church of England, integrating academic theological study with ministry placements throughout the course of study.

As of 2019, it is the largest ministerial training college in the Church of England. As of 2025, St Mellitus trains nearly a quarter of all new Anglican clergy.
Bantu Holomisa
Bantubonke Harrington Holomisa (born 25 July 1955) is a South African politician. He is a member of parliament for and president of the United Democratic Movement. and the current Deputy Minister of Defence and Military Veterans. Holomisa was born in Mqanduli, Cape Province. He joined the Transkei Defence Force in 1976 and had become a brigadier by 1985.

Holomisa forced the resignation and exile of Prime Minister of Transkei George Matanzima in October 1987 and overthrew Matanzima's successor, Prime Minister Stella Sigcau in a bloodless coup d'état in December 1987. Holomisa then became the head of government of Transkei from 1987 to 1994, upon which Transkei was reintegrated into the "new" South Africa and Holomisa joined the African National Congress (ANC).

George Matanzima
Chief George Mzimvubu Mathanzima (26 December 1918 – 10 November 2000) was a leader of the Transkei bantustan in South Africa, a young brother of Kaiser and a grandnephew of Nelson Mandela. He and his brother, Kaiser co-founded and led the Transkei National Independence Party. Mathanzima was appointed as Prime Minister of Transkei after his brother became president. He served as prime minister from 20 February 1979 to 24 September 1987. Bantu Holomisa forced his resignation and  exile in October 1987. Stella Sigcau succeeded him as prime minister, but Holomisa forced her out of office in a coup d'état and took power himself in December 1987.
Growth hormone secretagogue
Growth hormone secretagogues or GH secretagogues (GHSs) are a class of drugs which act as secretagogues (i.e., induce the secretion) of growth hormone (GH). They include agonists of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), such as ghrelin (lenomorelin), pralmorelin (GHRP-2), GHRP-6, examorelin (hexarelin), ipamorelin, and ibutamoren (MK-677), and agonists of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR), such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, somatorelin), CJC-1295, sermorelin, and tesamorelin.

Many of them also induce the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as well as of other hypothalamic-pituitary hormones such as prolactin and cortisol. The main clinical application of these agents is the treatment of growth hormone deficiency.

Sermorelin
Sermorelin acetate (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; brand names Geref, Gerel), also known as GHRH (1-29), is a peptide analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) which is used as a diagnostic agent to assess growth hormone (GH) secretion for the purpose of diagnosing growth hormone deficiency. It is a 29-amino acid polypeptide representing the 1–29 fragment from endogenous human GHRH, thought to be the shortest fully functional fragment of GHRH.

Sermorelin was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997 for use as a treatment for children with growth hormone deficiency or growth failure. However, as of 2008, the manufacturer discontinued the production of Sermorelin for commercial reasons, and it is no longer available as an FDA-approved drug. Despite this, it may still be used in some off-label contexts or obtained through compounding pharmacies.
Lhasa River
The Lhasa River, also called Kyi Chu (Tibetan: སྐྱིད་ཆུ་, Wylie: sKyid chu, Chinese: 拉薩河; pinyin: Lāsà hé), is a northern tributary of the Yarlung Tsangpo River in the south of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. 
The Yarlung Tsangpo is the upper section of the Brahmaputra River. The Lhasa River is subject to flooding with the summer monsoon rains, and structures have been built to control the floods. 
In its lower reaches the river valley is an important agricultural area. The city of Lhasa lies on the river. There are two large hydroelectric power stations on the river, the Zhikong Hydro Power Station (100 MW) and the Pangduo Hydro Power Station (160 MW)

Pangduo Hydro Power Station
The Pangduo Hydro Power Station (Chinese: 旁多水电站; also called the Pondo Hydro Power Station) is a reservoir and dam on the Lhasa River in Lhünzhub County to the east of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The primary purposes are hydroelectric power generation and agricultural irrigation. Work started in 2008. The first turbine came into production in 2013 and the other three turbines in 2014. With annual generation capacity of 599 million kilowatt hours, it has been called the "Tibetan Three Gorges".  Nevertheless, the comparison is hyperbole since the dam is only able to impound less than 1/30th that of Three Gorges (31.9 vs 0.97 million acre-feet).
Roscoe Tanner
Leonard Roscoe Tanner (born October 15, 1951) is an American former professional tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4 on July 30, 1979.

Tanner won 16 titles throughout his career. Tanner was famous for his big left-handed serve, which was reportedly clocked at 153 miles per hour (246 km/h) at the Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California on February 19, 1978 during the 1978 American Airlines Tennis Games singles final against Raúl Ramírez.
He is also known for winning the men's singles title at the first of two Australian Open tournaments held in 1977. Tanner won the tournament held in January. Tanner reached the Wimbledon final in 1979, narrowly losing to Björn Borg in five sets.

After his retirement, Tanner received media attention in the 2000s for legal problems that included stretches of imprisonment, arrests for missing child support payments, allegations of financial misdeeds, and bankruptcy (see § Legal issues).

1979 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Three-time defending champion Björn Borg defeated Roscoe Tanner in the final, 6–7(4–7), 6–1, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1979 Wimbledon Championships. It was his fourth Wimbledon title and eighth major title overall.
Ben Ainslie
Sir Charles Benedict Ainslie (born 5 February 1977) is a British competitive sailor. Ainslie is the most successful sailor in Olympic history. He won medals at five consecutive Olympics from 1996 onwards, including gold at four consecutive Games from 2000 to 2012.

He is one of three men to win medals in five different Olympic Games in sailing, doing so after Torben Grael and Robert Scheidt, and the second to win four gold medals, after Paul Elvstrøm.

Ainslie is CEO of Athena Sports Group which includes the roles of team principal, CEO and skipper of Athena Racing and CEO of the Emirates Great Britain SailGP Team. He is also a Patron of the 1851 Trust, a British charity that supports young people in sailing and STEM education.

SailGP
SailGP, officially the Rolex SailGP Championship, is an annual international sailing competition featuring national teams racing identical high-performance F50 foiling catamarans. The series consists of multiple grands prix held at venues around the world, with teams earning points at each event toward an overall season championship. Races are designed to be short, fast-paced, and spectator-friendly, showcasing cutting-edge sailing technology and elite crews. Since its inaugural season in 2019, SailGP has become one of the leading professional sailing leagues, combining elements of sport, technology, and environmental sustainability initiatives. The reigning champions are Emirates GBR, winners of the 2024–25 SailGP championship.
Ian McGeoch
Vice-Admiral Sir Ian Lachlan Mackay McGeoch, KCB, DSO, DSC (26 March 1914 – 12 August 2007) was a commissioned officer in the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. He commanded the submarine HMS Splendid during the Second World War, and was later Flag Officer Submarines (FOSM) and Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland (FOSNI).

HMS Splendid (P228)
HMS Splendid was a third-batch S-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during World War II. She was laid down on 7 March 1941 and launched on 19 January 1942. After an initial patrol through the Bay of Biscay to Gibraltar, Splendid conducted two patrols in the Mediterranean Sea; one was abandoned after technical problems and on the other she sank two Italian ships. On her next patrol, the submarine attacked two Italian convoys, sinking an Italian destroyer in the second attack. Based in Algiers, the boat operated north of Sicily, sinking six Italian ships, including two tankers and two heavy merchant ships. Splendid was detected by a German destroyer on 21 April 1943 while patrolling off Naples, Italy; the submarine was attacked with depth charges by the destroyer and forced to surface, after which she was scuttled and her surviving crew members taken prisoner. She was the most successful British submarine by tonnage sunk between November 1942 and May 1943.
Plain White T's
The Plain White T's are an American pop rock band from Lombard, Illinois, formed in 1997 by high school friends Tom Higgenson, Dave Tirio, and Ken Fletcher, and joined a short time later by Steve Mast. The group had a mostly underground following in Chicago basements, clubs, and bars in its early years.

The band is best known for their number-one hit song "Hey There Delilah", which achieved platinum status in 2007 and earned two Grammy nominations. The songs "1, 2, 3, 4" and "Rhythm of Love" were also certified platinum in 2009 and 2011 respectively. Founding member Tirio left the band in 2020, resulting in Higgenson remaining its sole original member.

1, 2, 3, 4 (Plain White T's song)
"1, 2, 3, 4" (sometimes subtitled "I Love You") is the second single from the Plain White T's second worldwide album, Big Bad World. It reached #34 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in April 2009 and was certified Platinum in June 2011, having sold over 1 million digital copies. The record has since gone 2× Platinum.
Know What I Mean?
Know What I Mean? is a 1962 jazz album by alto saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" Adderley, accompanied by Bill Evans and the rhythm section of the Modern Jazz Quartet. It was released on the Riverside label as RLP-433.

Cannonball Adderley
Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley (September 15, 1928 – August 8, 1975) was an American jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s.

Adderley is perhaps best remembered by the general public for the 1966 soul jazz single "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy", which was written for him by his keyboardist Joe Zawinul and became a major crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts. A cover version by the Buckinghams, who added lyrics, also reached No. 5 on the charts. Adderley worked with Miles Davis, first as a member of the Davis sextet, appearing on the seminal records Milestones (1958) and Kind of Blue (1959), and then on his own 1958 album Somethin' Else. He was the elder brother of jazz trumpeter Nat Adderley, who was a longtime member of his band.
Omar Naber
Omar Kareem Naber (born 7 July 1981) is a Slovenian singer, songwriter and guitar player. He first represented Slovenia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 in Kyiv with the song "Stop" and for a second time at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv with the song "On My Way", but failed to qualify to the final on both occasions.

Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005
Slovenia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Stop", written by Omar Naber and Urša Vlašič, and performed by Naber himself. The Slovene participating broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTVSLO), organised the national final Evrovizijska Melodija 2005 in order to select its entry for the contest. Fourteen entries competed in the national final where the winner was selected over two rounds of public televoting. In the first round, the top three entries were selected. In the second round, "Stop" performed by Omar Naber was selected as the winner.

Slovenia competed in the semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 19 May 2005. Performing during the show in position 23, "Stop" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Slovenia placed twelfth out of the 25 participating countries in the semi-final with 69 points.
Gotland-class submarine
The Gotland-class submarines of the Swedish Navy are modern diesel-electric submarines, which were designed and built by the Kockums shipyard in Sweden. They are the first submarines in the world to feature a Stirling engine air-independent propulsion (AIP) system, which extends their underwater endurance from a few days to weeks. This capability had previously only been available with nuclear-powered submarines.

Saab Kockums
Saab Kockums AB is a shipyard headquartered in Malmö, Sweden, owned by the Swedish defence company Saab AB. Saab Kockums AB is further operational in Muskö, Docksta, and Karlskrona.  While having a history of civil vessel construction, Kockums' most renowned activity is the fabrication of military corvettes and submarines.

Kockums worked with Northrop Grumman and Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) to offer a Visby-class corvette derivative in the American Focused Mission Vessel Study, a precursor to the Littoral Combat Ship program. It competed with several other concepts, including Norway's Skjold class (part of a Raytheon-led group).
Melbourne Ice
The Melbourne Ice is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Melbourne, Victoria, based at the Icehouse in the Docklands precinct of central Melbourne.  Founded in 2000, the Ice have been a member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) since 2002, and are five-time Goodall Cup champions and H Newman Reid Trophy premiers.

Australian Ice Hockey League
The Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) is Australia's top-level men's ice hockey league. Established in 2000, the AIHL is sanctioned by Ice Hockey Australia (a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation). The AIHL is a semi-professional league that is contested by ten franchised teams in two conferences spanning six Australian states and territories. AIHL premiers are awarded the H Newman Reid Trophy and AIHL champions are awarded the Goodall Cup, the world's third oldest ice hockey trophy, having been first awarded in 1909. The most successful team in AIHL history is the Newcastle Northstars, having claimed six championship titles. The current champions, from 2025, are Melbourne Ice.
Mike Levin
Michael Ted Levin (/ˈlɛvɪn/ LEH-vin; born October 20, 1978) is an American politician and attorney who serves as the U.S. representative for California's 49th congressional district since 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party and represents most of San Diego's North County, as well as part of southern Orange County.

California's 49th congressional district
California's 49th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California.  The district is represented by Mike Levin.

The district currently covers the northern coastal areas of San Diego County, including Oceanside, Vista, Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach and parts of Del Mar as well as a portion of southern Orange County, including San Clemente, Dana Point, San Juan Capistrano, Ladera Ranch, Laguna Niguel and Rancho Mission Viejo.  Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is in the district.

In the 2016 election, Darrell Issa won by a margin of less than 1%. In the 2018 election, this district was considered to be a major battleground. Rep. Issa announced that he would not seek reelection. Following the November 6, 2018, election, Democrat Mike Levin became the district's congressman.
Cannabis Museum (Japan)
The Cannabis Museum (Japanese: 大麻博物館, Hepburn: Taima Hakubutsukan) is a private museum located in Nasu, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Founded in December 2001 by Japanese hemp rights advocate Junichi Takayasu, it is the sole museum devoted to the history and cultivation of cannabis in Japan.

Nasu, Tochigi
Nasu (那須町, Nasu-machi; Japanese pronunciation: [na(ꜜ).sɯ], locally [na.sɯꜜ]) is a town located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 August 2020,  the town had an estimated population of 24,851 in 10,400 households, and a population density of 67 persons per km2 (174 per sq. mi.). The total area of the town is 372.34 square kilometres (143.76 sq mi).
Erreway
Erreway is an Argentine pop music group formed during the television series Rebelde Way, consisting of Camila Bordonaba, Felipe Colombo, Luisana Lopilato and Benjamín Rojas. Releasing three studio albums – Señales, Tiempo, Memoria and Vuelvo – Erreway sold one million records and achieved several Platinum and Gold album certifications in Argentina.

Señales
Señales (Spanish: Signs) is the first studio album by Argentine pop rock group Erreway. The album was released through Sony Music and Cris Morena Group on 29 July 2002 (see 2002 in music). It was produced by Cris Morena and Carlos Nilson, who wrote all songs for the album. It was certified Double Platinum by CAPIF.

The song "Rebelde Way" was used as the opening theme for the Cris Morena Group TV soap opera, Rebelde Way (2002–03), which starred Erreway members Camila Bordonaba, Felipe Colombo, Luisana Lopilato and Benjamín Rojas. The album singles — "Sweet Baby", "Bonita de Más", "Resistiré", "Inmortal", "Amor de Engaño" and "Será Porque Te Quiero" — all enjoyed success in the charts in Argentina, Israel and España.
Greencastle, Indiana
Greencastle is a city in Greencastle Township, Putnam County, Indiana, United States, and the county seat of Putnam County. It is located near Interstate 70 approximately halfway between Terre Haute and Indianapolis in the west-central portion of the state. The city is the home of DePauw University.  The population was 9,820 at the 2020 census.

DePauw University
DePauw University (/dəˈpɔː/ də-PAW) is a private liberal arts college in Greencastle, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1837 as Indiana Asbury College and changed its name to DePauw University in 1884. The college has a Methodist heritage and was founded to be an ecumenical institution of national stature, "conducted on the most liberal principles, accessible to all religious denominations and designed for the benefit of our citizens in general".

In 2023, DePauw had an enrollment of about 1,800 students. Its residential campus is located 45 miles (72 km) west of Indianapolis and is spread across 175 acres (71 ha) and 36 buildings, with an additional 520-acre (210 ha) DePauw Nature Park.