hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mass media in Armenia
The mass media in Armenia refers to mass media outlets based in Armenia. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. Armenia's press freedoms improved considerably following the 2018 Velvet Revolution.

The Constitution of Armenia guarantees freedom of speech, yet media freedom remains restricted, among threats of violence, strong political inferences, and expensive defamation lawsuits. Armenia ranks 49th in the 2023 Press Freedom Index report compiled by Reporters Without Borders, leading in the South Caucasus region, and ranking between Gambia and Suriname.

Media freedom in Armenia
Censorship in Armenia is generally non-existent, except in some limited incidents.

Armenia has recorded unprecedented progress in the 2022 World Press Freedom Index, improving positions by 11 points and ranking 51st on the list. Publication also confirms absence of cases of killed journalists, citizen journalists or media assistants.
Tolsa railway station
Tolsa railway station (Finnish: Tolsan rautatieasema, Swedish: Tolls hållplats) is a railway halt on the Helsinki commuter rail network located in the town of Kirkkonummi, Finland, between the Jorvas and Kirkkonummi stations. The station is served by Helsinki commuter rail lines U and L.

Kirkkonummi railway station
Kirkkonummi railway station (Finnish: Kirkkonummen rautatieasema, Swedish: Kyrkslätts järnvägsstation) is a railway station in the municipality of Kirkkonummi, Finland, between Siuntio railway station and Tolsa railway station. It is located in the municipal town centre.

Kirkkonummi railway station serves as the terminus for the U and most L trains of the Helsinki commuter rail system and is also served by Y and L trains to Siuntio and thrice-weekly H trains to Hanko. Most of the long-distance trains between Helsinki and Turku used to stop at Kirkkonummi station until 2016. Nowadays only some few long-distance services make a stop at Kirkkonummi. The station has also three VR bus departures to Karis via Ingå on weekdays.
Lennard Stokes
Dr. Lennard Stokes was a rugby union international who represented England from 1875 to 1881. He also captained his country on five occasions, notably in the first ever match against Wales. Like his brother Frederick Stokes, after captaining his country he went on to become the president of the Rugby Football Union.

Frederick Stokes (rugby union)
Frederick Stokes (12 July 1850 – 7 February 1929) was the first captain of the England national rugby union team, who played for and captained the team in the first three rugby internationals, all between England and Scotland. He was also the youngest president of the Rugby Football Union.
Trevor Morais
Trevor Morais (born 10 October 1944) is an English drummer who has been a member of several notable groups such as Faron's Flamingos,  Rory Storm and The Hurricanes, The Peddlers, Quantum Jump and the Elkie Brooks backing band. He is also a session musician who has played on recordings by Tina Turner, David Essex, Howard Jones and Björk.

In the "Drummer" category, Morais came no. 7 in the 1967 Beat Instrumental Gold Star Awards.

Rory Storm
Rory Storm (born Alan Ernest Caldwell; 7 January 1938 – 28 September 1972) was an English musician and vocalist. Born in Liverpool, Storm was the singer and leader of Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, a Liverpudlian band who were contemporaries of the Beatles in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

The Hurricanes were one of the most popular acts on the Liverpool and Hamburg club scenes during their existence, although their attempt at a recording career was not successful. They released only two singles (and one additional compilation track) during their early 1960s heyday, and none of their material made the charts. Their second and final single was a version of the West Side Story song "America", and was produced by the Beatles' manager Brian Epstein.
Berkeley sockets
Berkeley sockets is an application programming interface (API) for Internet domain sockets and Unix domain sockets, used for inter-process communication (IPC). It is commonly implemented as a library of linkable modules. It originated with the 4.2BSD Unix operating system, which was released in 1983.

A socket is an abstract representation (handle) for the local endpoint of a network communication path. The Berkeley sockets API represents it as a file descriptor in the Unix philosophy that provides a common interface for input and output to streams of data.

Berkeley sockets evolved with little modification from a de facto standard into a component of the POSIX specification. The term POSIX sockets is essentially synonymous with Berkeley sockets, but they are also known as BSD sockets, acknowledging the first implementation in the Berkeley Software Distribution.

Network socket
A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming interface (API) for the networking architecture. Sockets are created only during the lifetime of a process of an application running in the node.

Because of the standardization of the TCP/IP protocols in the development of the Internet, the term network socket is most commonly used in the context of the Internet protocol suite, and is therefore often also referred to as Internet socket. In this context, a socket is externally identified to other hosts by its socket address, which is the triad of transport protocol, IP address, and port number.

The term socket is also used for the software endpoint of node-internal inter-process communication (IPC), which often uses the same API as a network socket.
KPRK
KPRK (1340 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Livingston, Montana.  The station is owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare License, LLC.  KPRK airs a news/talk format, simulcasting sister station KMMS.

Livingston, Montana
Livingston is a city and the county seat of Park County, Montana, United States.  It is in southwestern Montana, on the Yellowstone River, north of Yellowstone National Park.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,040.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) is the national public health institute for Nigeria.  It is a federal government agency under the Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria), with its headquarters in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory.

The agency's goal is to protect Nigerians from the impact of communicable diseases through the coordination of public health preparedness, surveillance, laboratory, and response functions for all infectious diseases. The NCDC targets its activities towards the prevention and control of diseases of public health importance. This includes the preparedness, detection and response to public health emergencies, research, training and knowledge management, health promotion and other activities to protect the health of Nigerians.

The NCDC serves as Nigeria's International Health Regulations National Focal Point and is a member of the International Association of National Public Health Institutes.

Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
The Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare is one of the Federal Ministries of Nigeria concerned with the formulation and implementation of policies related to health. It is headed by two ministers appointed by the president, assisted by a permanent secretary, who is a career civil servant. The current Minister of Health is Muhammad Ali Pate, the Minister of State for Health is Iziaq Adekunle Salako and the Permanent Secretary is Daju Kachollom.  The ministry is  at Federal Secretariat Complex, Phase III, Shehu Shagari Way, Central Business District, FCT Abuja, Nigeria.
New Taipei City Hall
The New Taipei City Hall (Chinese: 新北市政府行政大樓; pinyin: Xīnběi Shì Zhèngfǔ Xíngzhèng Dàlóu) is the venue of the government of New Taipei City of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The hall is located in Banqiao District.

New Taipei City Government
The New Taipei City Government (NTPC; Chinese: 新北市政府; pinyin: Xīnběi Shìzhèngfǔ) is the municipal government of New Taipei City, a special municipality in Taiwan. The New Taipei City Hall is located in Banqiao District.
Greatest Hits Radio Glasgow & the West
Greatest Hits Radio Glasgow & the West (formerly Clyde 2) is an Independent Local Radio station based in Glasgow, Scotland, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Greatest Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Glasgow and West Central Scotland.

As of December 2023, the station has a weekly audience of 238,000 listeners according to RAJAR.

The station was rebranded as Greatest Hits Radio Glasgow and the West on 3 April 2023. On 12 November 2023, it was announced that the station would cease broadcasting on medium wave before the end of the year, but would remain available on DAB.

Greatest Hits Radio
Greatest Hits Radio (GHR) is a classic hits radio network in the United Kingdom, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK. It currently includes 18 local and regional radio stations operating over 50 FM and DAB licences in England, Scotland and Wales, as well as a national DAB station in areas not served by a local Bauer-owned licence.

The GHR brand launched on 7 January 2019 as an "older" companion to Hits Radio, which Bauer had launched in 2018. It is a rebranding of the former Bauer City 2 Network (launched on 5 January 2015) due to the success of Radio City 2 in Liverpool on FM. All GHR stations are networked and include localised opt-outs for news, weather, travel and advertising. Until 31 October 2024, the stations aired a three-hour regional afternoon show on weekdays.

According to RAJAR data, the GHR stations have a combined weekly reach of 7.5 million people as of September 2024.
Sofya Subbotina
Sofya Aleksandrovna Subbotina (née Iovskaya; Russian: Софья Александровна Субботина; 1830–1919) was a Russian Narodnik revolutionary. The mother of Evgeniia, Maria and Nadezhda Subbotina, she went with her daughters to Zurich, where she joined a number of revolutionary circles. When she returned to Russia, she aided the return of fellow revolutionaries Varvara Batyushkova and Evgeniia Zavadskaya, for which she was given up to the Tsarist authorities. She was charged in the Trial of the 193 and sentenced to exile, which she spent in the regions of the Volga, Urals and Siberia, her sentence extended after she was caught financially supporting other political exiles as a member of Narodnaya Volya. Upon her return from exile, she travelled through European Russia, Poland and Ukraine, where she was kept under close surveillance. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, she returned to her home in Oryol, where she died in 1919.

Nadezhda Subbotina
Nadezhda Dmitrievna Subbotina (Russian: Надежда Дмитриевна Субботина; 1855–c. 1930) was a Russian Narodnik revolutionary. Born into a noble family, she went abroad to receive an education in philosophy at the University of Zurich, where she became involved in revolutionary circles. After returning to Russia, she moved through various towns and cities, where she conducted anti-Tsarist propaganda, for which she was arrested and prosecuted first in the Trial of the 193 and then in the Trial of the 50. She was exiled to Tomsk Governorate, where she spent most of the 1880s, before returning to European Russia.
Crook railway station
Crook railway station served the town of Crook, County Durham, England.  It was located on the Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway line from Bishop Auckland to Blackhill between Wear Valley Junction and Tow Law.

Bishop Auckland railway station
Bishop Auckland is a railway station that serves the market town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, North East England, 11 miles 77 chains (19.3 km) north-west of Darlington. The station is the Western terminus of the Tees Valley Line, which links it to Saltburn via Darlington. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
Evolute
In the differential geometry of curves, the evolute of a curve is the locus of all its centers of curvature. That is to say that when the center of curvature of each point on a curve is drawn, the resultant shape will be the evolute of that curve. The evolute of a circle is therefore a single point at its center.  Equivalently, an evolute is the envelope of the normals to a curve.

The evolute of a curve, a surface, or more generally a submanifold, is the caustic of the normal map. Let M be a smooth, regular submanifold in Rn. For each point p in M and each vector v, based at p and normal to M, we associate the point p + v. This defines a Lagrangian map, called the normal map. The caustic of the normal map is the evolute of M.

Evolutes are closely connected to involutes: A curve is the evolute of any of its involutes.

Involute
In mathematics, an involute (also known as an evolvent) is a particular type of curve that is dependent on another shape or curve. An involute of a curve is the locus of a point on a piece of taut string as the string is either unwrapped from or wrapped around the curve.

The evolute of an involute is the original curve.

It is generalized by the roulette family of curves. That is, the involutes of a curve are the roulettes of the curve generated by a straight line.

The notions of the involute and evolute of a curve were introduced by Christiaan Huygens in his work titled Horologium oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum ad horologia aptato demonstrationes geometricae (1673), where he showed that the involute of a cycloid is still a cycloid, thus providing a method for constructing the cycloidal pendulum, which has the useful property that its period is independent of the amplitude of oscillation.
Timothy Shriver
Timothy Perry Shriver (born August 29, 1959) is an American disability rights activist, film producer, and former educator who has been Chairman of Special Olympics since 1996 and is the founder of UNITE. He is a member of the prominent Shriver and Kennedy families, as the third child of Eunice Kennedy Shriver (who founded the Special Olympics), and Sargent Shriver, who helped found the Peace Corps.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver DSG (née Kennedy; July 10, 1921 – August 11, 2009) was an American philanthropist. Shriver was a member of the Kennedy family by birth, and a member of the Shriver family through her marriage to Sargent Shriver, who was the United States ambassador to France and the final Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1972. She was a sister of U.S. president John F. Kennedy, U.S. senators Robert F. Kennedy and Edward Kennedy, and U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith.

Shriver nationalized the Special Olympics, a sports organization conceived for persons with intellectual disabilities. For her efforts on behalf of disabled people, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1984.
Joel Forrester
Joel Forrester (born May 2, 1946) is an American jazz composer and pianist. He composed the theme song to NPR's Fresh Air, performed by The Microscopic Septet which Forrester founded in 1980 and led with saxophonist Phillip Johnston. A documentary film about Joel Forrester was made in 2014 entitled Embracing Dissonance: A Life in Bebop.  The one-hour and five-minute documentary is an exploration of his diverse musical talents and influences. Forrester recounts previously unknown aspects of the life of Thelonious Monk and the Jazz Baroness, Pannonica Rothschild. The film also explores bebop's origins in the Harlem jazz club Minton's, Forrester's work as a composer of African American church music, as an improv accompanist for silent movies, and as a teacher of jazz musical forms. Forrester's story plays out like a jazz tune: a strong theme runs through a series of improvisational changes, solo riffs, and ensemble resolutions to weave the fabric of a bebop life.

Phillip Johnston
Phillip Johnston (born January 22, 1955) is an American saxophonist, composer, and author. He came to prominence in the 1980s as co-founder of The Microscopic Septet and went on to write extensively for films, particularly new scores for classic silent films from the early 20th Century.
Aberdeenshire East
Aberdeenshire East (Gaelic: Siorrachd Obar Dheathain an Ear) is a county constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering part of the council area of  Aberdeenshire. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. It is also one of ten constituencies in the North East Scotland electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the ten constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat was created at the first periodic review of Scottish Parliament boundaries ahead of the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, and largely consists of areas that were in the former constituency of Gordon. It has been held by Gillian Martin of the Scottish National Party since the 2016 Scottish Parliament election.

Gordon (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Gordon was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament. It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. It was one of nine constituencies in the North East Scotland electoral region, which elected seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Glen Eden
Glen Eden is a suburb of West Auckland, New Zealand, located at the foothills of the Waitākere Ranges. Originally known as Waikumete, the suburb gained the name Glen Eden in 1921. The suburb is in the Waitākere Ward, one of the thirteen administrative areas of Auckland governed by Auckland Council.

Part of the rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki, the area was developed into orchards during the Colonial era of New Zealand. The Glen Eden railway station opened in 1880, linking the area to central Auckland along the Western Line, and leading to the development of the Waikumete Cemetery. Suburban housing was built in the area in the 1950s and 1960s.

Waikumete Cemetery
Waikumete Cemetery, originally Waikomiti Cemetery, is New Zealand's largest cemetery. It occupies a site of 108 hectares in Glen Eden, Auckland, and also contains a crematorium in the south-west corner of the cemetery.
Blue Nile
The Blue Nile is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season.

White Nile
The White Nile (Arabic: النيل الأبيض an-nīl al-'abyaḍ) is a river in North and East Africa, the minor of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the larger being the Blue Nile. The name "White" comes from the clay sediment carried in the water that changes the water to a pale color.

In the strict meaning, "White Nile" refers to the river formed at Lake No, at the confluence of the Bahr al Jabal and Bahr el Ghazal Rivers. In the wider sense, "White Nile" refers to all the stretches of river draining from Lake Victoria through to the merger with the Blue Nile: the "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, then the "Albert Nile" to the South Sudan border, and then the "Mountain Nile" or "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No. "White Nile" may sometimes include the headwaters of Lake Victoria, the most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from the Blue Nile.
Ceylon Police Medal
The Ceylon Police Medal was awarded to police officers of the Ceylon Police, with two versions: for gallantry and for meritorious service. The number of medals for meritorious service was limited to a maximum of ten a year.

The medals were established in August 1950 to replace the Colonial Police Medal. They were themselves replaced by the Sri Lanka Police Weeratha Padakkama for gallantry and Sri Lanka Police Vishishta Seva Padakkama for meritorious service when Ceylon became a republic in 1972.

Circular and made of silver, the medals have the sovereign's effigy on the obverse, (George VI until 1953, then Elizabeth II). The reverse bears the image of an elephant with, above, the wording "Ceylon Police Service" and, below, either "For Gallantry" or "For Merit", as appropriate. The ribbon is suspended from a straight bar suspension, with awards for gallantry distinguished by two narrow red stripes in the ribbon design.

Sri Lanka Police Vishishta Seva Padakkama
The Sri Lanka Police Vishishta Seva Padakkama ("Sri Lanka Police Distinguished Service Medal") is awarded to senior police officers in Sri Lanka for Meritorious Performance of Police duties. It is similar to the Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The medal replaced the Ceylon Police Medal for Meritorious Service which was awarded until Ceylon became a Republic in 1972.
Wind and Truth
Wind and Truth is an epic fantasy novel written by American author Brandon Sanderson and is the fifth book in The Stormlight Archive series. It was published on December 6, 2024, and is the ending to the first half of the series. Sanderson has said that the latter half of the series will be written after he finishes writing the upcoming Era Three Mistborn trilogy and the two Elantris sequels, and he projects a completion date near the end of 2031.

As with Kaladin in The Way of Kings, Shallan in Words of Radiance, Dalinar in Oathbringer and the characters Eshonai and Venli in Rhythm of War, Wind and Truth contains a sequence of flashback chapters, this time from the perspective of Szeth, the Assassin in White.

The unabridged audiobook is read by narration team Michael Kramer and Kate Reading.

The Way of Kings
The Way of Kings is an epic fantasy novel written by American author Brandon Sanderson and the first book in The Stormlight Archive series. The novel was published on August 31, 2010, by Tor Books. The Way of Kings consists of one prelude, one prologue, 75 chapters, an epilogue, and nine interludes. It was followed by Words of Radiance in 2014, Oathbringer in 2017, Rhythm of War in 2020 and Wind and Truth in 2024. A leatherbound edition was released in 2021.

The story rotates between the points of view of Kaladin, Shallan Davar, Dalinar Kholin, Adolin Kholin, Szeth-son-son-Vallano, and several other minor characters, who lead seemingly unconnected lives. In 2011, it won the David Gemmell Legend Award for best novel. The unabridged audiobook is read by narrator team Michael Kramer and Kate Reading.