hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PK machine gun
The PK (Russian: Пулемёт Калашникова, transliterated as Pulemyot Kalashnikova, English: "Kalashnikov's machine gun"code: eng promoted to code: en ), is a belt-fed general-purpose machine gun, chambered for the 7.62×54mmR rimmed cartridge. The modernised variant is known as the PKM, which features several enhancements over the original PK design including a more ergonomic design.

Designed in the Soviet Union and currently in production in Russia, the original PK machine gun was introduced in 1961 and the improved PKM variant was introduced in 1969. The PKM was designed to replace the SGM and RP-46 machine guns that were previously in Soviet service.

The PK remains in use as a front-line infantry and vehicle-mounted machine gun with Russia's armed forces and has also been exported extensively and produced in several other countries under license.

Belt (firearms)
An ammunition belt is a firearm device used to package and feed cartridges, typically for rapid-firing automatic weapons such as machine guns. Belt-fed systems minimize the proportional weight of the ammunition apparatus to the entire weapon system, allowing high rates of continuous fire without needing frequent magazine changes. The capacity of belts and associated belt containers is typically a function of weight and bulk, and their size is limited by caliber and the combined portability of the weapon and ammunition. Typical capacities for man-portable weapon systems range from 50 to 300 rounds of ammunition.
Sarabjit Singh
Sarabjit Singh (1963 or 1964 – 2 May 2013) (alleged to be Manjit Singh Rattu by Pakistan) was an Indian national convicted of terrorism and spying by a Pakistani court. He was tried and convicted by the Supreme Court of Pakistan for a series of bomb attacks in Lahore and Faisalabad that killed 14 bystanders in 1990. However, according to India, Sarabjit was a farmer who strayed into Pakistan from his village located on the border, three months after the bombings.

After a brief trial in the Lahore High Court (later directed to the Supreme Court), he was condemned and sentenced to death in 1991, but the sentence was repeatedly postponed by the Government of Pakistan. While in prison at Kot Lakhpat Jail, Lahore in April 2013, he was attacked by fellow inmates and died six days later at the Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.

On 14 April 2024, Singh's alleged murderer, Amir Sarfaraz Tamba, was attacked and killed by unknown masked gunmen near his home in Lahore.

Kot Lakhpat Jail
Kot Lakhpat Jail, officially known as Central Jail Lahore, is a prison located at Kot Lakhpat in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

The jail houses more than four times the 4,000 prisoner capacity it was built for.
Liu Jianfeng (PRC)
Liu Jianfeng (Chinese: 刘剑锋; born June 1936) is a retired Chinese engineer and politician. From 1989 to 1993 he was Governor of Hainan Province, where he had a highly antagonistic relationship with the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary Deng Hongxun. He also served as Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China and Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Electronics Industry.

Deng Hongxun
Deng Hongxun (Chinese: 邓鸿勋; January 1931 – 21 December 2019) was a Chinese politician and engineer. He served as the Party Secretary of Hainan Province from June 1990 to January 1993, and prior to that, as CCP Committee Secretary of his native city Wuxi and Deputy Party Chief of Jiangsu Province. His tenure in Hainan was marked by his fierce clash with Governor Liu Jianfeng.
Marguerite Monvoisin
Marie Marguerite Mon(t)voisin (born c. 1658, died after 1682) was the daughter of La Voisin and a main witness in the famous Poison Affair. It was her statement, made after the execution of her mother, that implicated the royal mistress Madame de Montespan in the process, causing Louis XIV to eventually disrupt the whole investigation and classify it as secret.

La Voisin
Catherine Monvoisin, or Montvoisin, née Deshayes, known as "La Voisin" (c. 1640 – 22 February 1680), was a French fortune teller, commissioned poisoner, accused of witchcraft. She was the head of a network of fortune tellers in Paris providing poison, aphrodisiacs, abortion, with clients among the aristocracy and became the central figure in the famous affaire des poisons. Her purported organization of commissioned black magic and poison murder was suspected to have killed 1,000 people, but it is believed that upwards of 2,500 people might have been murdered.
Pidam
Pidam (Korean: 비담; Hanja: 毗曇; ? – 26 February 647) was a Silla politician who served as Sangdaedeung from 645 to 647. He is most known for leading a rebellion against Queen Seondeok of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Prior to his rebellion, he held the position of a Sangdaedeung (the highest official in the court). Details about his birth or achievements are vaguely known as there are no actual records containing them. However, being a Sangdaedeung, could have meant that he was part of the royal nobles or a Jinggol.

Alch'ŏn
Kim Alch'ŏn (aka So Alch'ŏn, 577?–686?) was a Silla politician who served as a general during Queen Seondeok's reign, and as Sangdaedŭng from 647 to 654, during Queen Jindeok's reign. He was the first politician to serve in Silla's highest military and political office, respectively.
Ty Detmer
Ty Hubert Detmer (born October 30, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He won the Heisman Trophy, Maxwell Award, and Davey O'Brien Award in 1990 while playing college football for the BYU Cougars. Detmer broke numerous National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) records with BYU and was twice recognized as a consensus All-American. A late-round pick in the 1992 NFL draft, Detmer played for six NFL teams over 14 seasons, mostly in a backup role. He is currently the athletic director at American Leadership Academy – Gilbert North High School in Gilbert, Arizona.

After his playing career, Detmer became a coach. He was the offensive coordinator at BYU from 2015 to 2017. He is the older brother of former NFL quarterback Koy Detmer.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
Minhag Polin
Minhag Polin is the Ashkenazi minhag of the Polish Jews, the Eastern branch of Nusach Ashkenaz, used in Eastern and Central Europe, the United States and by some Israeli Ashkenazim, particularly those who identify as "Lithuanian". It differs subtly, though significantly, from the German or Western branch of Nusach Ashkenaz, known in Hebrew as "Minhag Ashkenaz", used in Western and Central Europe.

Minhag Polin has historically been the most common minhag among Ashkenazim in Poland, eastern Germany, the Czech lands, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Russia. Currently, there are a number of minor differences between the Israeli and American Ashkenazi practice, in that the Israeli practice follows some practices of the Vilna Gaon and certain practices which they adopted from Sephardim.

Minhag
A minhag (Hebrew: מִנְהָג, lit. 'custom'; pl. מִנְהָגִים, minhagim) is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism. A related concept, nusach (pronounced [ˈnusax]; נוּסָח, 'formula'), refers to the traditional ordering and forms of Jewish prayer.
Astar (game)
Astar is a two-player abstract strategy board game from Kyrgyzstan. It is a game similar to draughts and Alquerque as players hop over one another's pieces when capturing. However, unlike draughts and Alquerqe, Astar is played on 5×6 square grid with two triangular boards attached on two opposite sides of the grid. The board somewhat resembles those of kotu ellima, sixteen soldiers, and peralikatuma, all of which are games related to astar. However, these three games use an expanded alquerque board with a 5×5 square grid with diagonal lines. Astar uses a 5×6 grid with no diagonal lines.

Peralikatuma
Peralikatuma is a two-player abstract strategy board game from Sri Lanka (formerly called Ceylon).  It is a game related to draughts (checkers) and alquerque as players hop over one another's pieces when capturing them.  The game was documented by Henry Parker in Ancient Ceylon: An Account of the Aborigines and of Part of the Early Civilisation (1909) with the name perali kotuwa or the war enclosure.  Parker mentions that it is also played in India.  It closely resembles another game from Sri Lanka called Kotu Ellima.  The two games use the same board which consist of a standard alquerque board but with four triangular boards attach to its four sides.  The only difference between the two games is in the number of pieces.  In peralikatuma, each player has 23 pieces.  In Kotu Ellima, each player has 24 pieces.

The game is also spelled as perali kotuma.
Chico Enterprise-Record
The Chico Enterprise-Record is the daily newspaper of Chico, California. Also known as the E-R, the newspaper was first published in Bidwell Bar, California as the Butte Record in 1853 and has been owned by the MediaNews Group corporation since 1999. The paper has a circulation of less than 10,000 Editions of the Enterprise-Record include the Oroville Mercury-Register.

The Enterprise-Record is the result of the merger of the Chico Enterprise and the Chico Record on Dec. 6, 1948. Both predecessor publications had a long and storied history throughout the north valley of the Sacramento River.

Chico, California
Chico (/ˈtʃiːkoʊ/ CHEE-koh; Spanish for "boy") is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 101,475 in the 2020 census, an increase from 86,187 in the 2010 census. Chico is the cultural and economic center of the northern Sacramento Valley, as well as the most populous city in California north of the capital city of Sacramento. The city is known as a college town, as the home of California State University, Chico, and for Bidwell Park, one of the largest urban parks in the world.
James Rossant
James Stephan Rossant (August 17, 1928 – December 15, 2009) was an American architect, artist, and professor of architecture. A long-time Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, he is best known for his master plan of Reston, Virginia, the Lower Manhattan Plan, and the UN-sponsored master plan for Dodoma, Tanzania.  He was a partner of the architectural firm Conklin & Rossant and principal of James Rossant Architects.

Reston, Virginia
Reston is a census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, and a principal city of both Northern Virginia and the Washington metropolitan area. As of the 2020 U.S. census, Reston's population was 63,226.

Founded in 1964, Reston was influenced by the Garden City movement that emphasized planned, self-contained communities that intermingled green space, residential neighborhoods, and commercial development. The intent of Reston's founder, Robert E. Simon, was to build a town that would revolutionize post–World War II concepts of land use and residential/corporate development in suburban America.
Peter Spani (League of Lezhë)
Peter Spani (Albanian: Pjetër Shpani; fl. 1430–1457) was an Albanian nobleman and Venetian pronoetes in the first half of the 15th century. His family's domains included territories around Shkodër (Scutari), Drisht (Drivasto) and western Kosovo. He ruled over Shala, Shosh, Nikaj-Mërtur (Lekbibaj) and Pult; the whole region under the Ottomans took his name, Petrişpan-ili (literally, 'dominions of Pjetër Shpani'). Between 1444 and 1455, Peter was a member of the League of Lezhë and after his death, the League took his territories.

Pal Dukagjini
Pal Dukagjini (Italian: Paolo Ducagini, 1411–1458) was an Albanian nobleman, a member of the Dukagjini family. He and his kinsman Nicholas Dukagjini were initially subjects of Lekë Zaharia, a Venetian vassal who had possessions around Shkoder. Nicholas murdered Lekë, and the Dukagjini continued to rule over their villages under Venetian vassalage. Pal and Nicholas were part of the League of Lezhë, a military alliance that sought liberation of Albania from the Ottoman Empire, founded by the powerful Skanderbeg. In 1454, the Dukagjini accepted vassalage of Alfonso V of Aragon, as other chieftains had done three years earlier. Pal later abandoned Skanderbeg's army and deserted to the Ottomans.
Chatham Asset Management
Chatham Asset Management LLC is an American hedge fund, founded by Anthony Melchiorre in 2000, with a large foothold in newspapers and tabloids, headquartered in Chatham Borough, New Jersey, United States. The company holds a controlling interest in Postmedia,  A360media, McClatchy, and RR Donnelley. Chatham's key principal is Larry Buchalter.

According to a 2018 article in Fortune, Chatham is known for its close ties to the Republican Party. Chatham has a reputation for hard-edged business tactics. In 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority opened a review of Seaport Global Securities that included an examination of its relationship with Chatham.

In 2023, Chatham and Melchiorre were charged by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission with 'improper trading of certain fixed income securities.', in relation to client trades of AMI stock. They agreed to pay over $19.3 million collectively in fines.

Postmedia Network
Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (also known as Postmedia Network, Postmedia News or Postmedia) is an American-owned, Canadian-based media conglomerate consisting of the publishing properties of the former Canwest, with primary operations in English-language newspaper publishing, news gathering and Internet operations. It is best known for being the owner of the National Post and the Financial Post. It owns and operates over more than 130 print and digital news titles across Canada.

The company's strategy has seen its publications invest greater resources in digital news gathering and distribution, including expanded websites and digital news apps for smartphones and tablets. This began with a revamp and redesign of the Ottawa Citizen, which debuted in 2014.

Two-thirds, or 66%, of Postmedia is currently owned by American media conglomerate Chatham Asset Management. The company is headquartered at Postmedia Place on Bloor Street in Toronto.
Chris McCausland
Christopher John McCausland (born 15 June 1977) is an English actor and comedian. He is known to television audiences for his role as Rudi in the CBeebies show Me Too!. He regularly appears at comedy venues around the UK, including The Comedy Store. McCausland is blind due to retinitis pigmentosa.

In December 2024, McCausland won series 22 of BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, with professional dancer Dianne Buswell and followed by a BAFTA award in 2025.

Strictly Come Dancing series 22
Strictly Come Dancing returned for its twenty-second series with a launch show on 14 September 2024 on BBC One, with the live shows beginning on 21 September. A special episode to commemorate the programme's twentieth anniversary was also confirmed. Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman returned as hosts, whilst Janette Manrara and Fleur East returned to host Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two. Craig Revel Horwood, Motsi Mabuse, Shirley Ballas and Anton Du Beke returned to the judging panel for their 22nd, 6th, 8th, and 4th series respectively.

Comedian Chris McCausland and his partner Dianne Buswell were announced as the winners on 14 December, while Sarah Hadland and Vito Coppola, JB Gill and Lauren Oakley, and Tasha Ghouri and Aljaž Škorjanec were the runners-up.
Bishop Missael
Bishop Missael  (born 1940) is a diocesan bishop of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria consecrated by Pope Shenouda III on 26 May 1991 to oversee the Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands, U.K. In this capacity, he is a member of The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church
The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the highest Orthodox authority in the Coptic Orthodox Church. It formulates the rules and regulations regarding matters of the Church's organisation and faith.

The synod is chaired by the patriarch of Alexandria and the members are the Church's metropolitan archbishops, metropolitan bishops, diocesan bishops, patriarchal exarchs, missionary bishops, auxiliary bishops, suffragan bishops, assistant bishops, chorbishops and the patriarchal vicars of the Church of Alexandria.
Magnus Liber
The Magnus Liber or Magnus liber organi (English translation: Great Book of Organum), written in Latin, is a repertory of medieval music known as organum. This collection of organum survives today in three major manuscripts. This repertoire was in use by the Notre-Dame school composers working in Paris around the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries, though it is well agreed upon by scholars that Leonin contributed a bulk of the organum in the repertoire. This large body of repertoire is known from references to a "magnum volumen" by Johannes de Garlandia and to a "Magnus liber organi de graduali et antiphonario pro servitio divino" by the English music theorist known as Anonymous IV. Today it is known only from later manuscripts containing compositions named in Anonymous IV's description. The Magnus Liber is regarded as one of the earliest collections of polyphony.

Léonin
Léonin (also Leoninus, Leonius, Leo; fl. 1163–1190) was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style who is known by name, thanks to the writer known as Anonymous IV.  Though no further identification is certain, the name "Leoninus" and its Latin diminutive Leo have the French equivalents Léonin/Léo.
Gavin Thomas
Gavin Michael Thomas (born 22 October 1977) is a Welsh former international rugby union player who played as a flanker. He played his club rugby for Tondu, Bridgend, Bath, the Ospreys, the Scarlets and the Newport Gwent Dragons, and was capped 24 times for Wales.

Tondu RFC
Tondu Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Aberkenfig, South Wales. They presently play in the Welsh Rugby Union Championship and are a feeder club for the Ospreys.

During the early 1990s Tondu RFC dominated the Glamorgan County Silver Ball competition, winning the trophy in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Tondu are the joint leading winners of the competition having now won it on four occasions.

An ad first appeared in "The Western Mail" on 22 November 1879, announcing the formation of the Tondu Football Club.
Masters of Illusion (album)
Masters of Illusion is the debut album of American hip-hop group Masters of Illusion, composed of producer KutMasta Kurt and rappers Kool Keith & Motion Man. It was released on November 14, 2000, via Threshold Records. The project features no guest emcees, but does feature DJ cuts/scratches by DJ Revolution, DJ Babu and DJ Rhettmatic.

Some CD releases also come with a free instrumental version of the album, as is typical with Kool Keith releases (Dr. Octagonecologyst, First Come, First Served, etc.)

KutMasta Kurt
Kurt Matlin, professionally known as KutMasta Kurt, is an American hip-hop producer, best known for his work with Kool Keith as well as occasional tracks and remixes for artists such as the Beastie Boys, Linkin Park, and Dilated Peoples.
Henry IV, Part 1
Henry IV, Part 1 (often written as 1 Henry IV) is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written no later than 1597. The play dramatises part of the reign of King Henry IV of England, beginning with the battle at Homildon Hill late in 1402, and ending with King Henry's victory in the Battle of Shrewsbury in mid-1403. In parallel to the political conflict between King Henry and a rebellious faction of nobles, the play depicts the escapades of King Henry's son, Prince Hal (the future King Henry V), and his eventual return to court and favour.

Henry IV, Part 1 is the first of Shakespeare's two plays that deal with the reign of Henry IV (the other being Henry IV, Part 2), and the second play in the Henriad, a modern designation for the tetralogy of plays that deal with the successive reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. From its first performance on, it has been an extremely popular work both with the public and critics.

Prince Hal
Prince Hal is the standard term used in literary criticism to refer to William Shakespeare's portrayal of the young Henry V of England as a prince before his accession to the throne, taken from the diminutive form of his name used in the plays almost exclusively by Falstaff. Henry is called "Prince Hal" in critical commentary on his character in Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2, though also sometimes in Henry V when discussed in the context of the wider Henriad.  Hal is portrayed as a wayward youth who enjoys the company of petty criminals and wastrels. This depiction draws on exaggerations of the historical Prince Henry's supposed behaviour in his youth. Critics have widely discussed the question of whether Hal's character is cynical or sincere.
Pretty Girls Make Raves
Pretty Girls Make Raves is a studio album by  American electronic music artist Kid 606. It was released on May 11, 2006, on Tigerbeat6. The album title is a parody of both a song by The Smiths and the band named after it.

Kid606
Miguel Trost De Pedro (born July 27, 1979), better known by his stage name Kid606, is an electronic musician who was raised in San Diego and later moved to San Francisco. He is most closely associated with the glitch, IDM, hardcore techno and breakcore scenes.
Bugeye dottyback
The bugeye dottyback (Amsichthys knighti), also known as Knight's dottyback, is a species of ray-finned fish, the only species in the monospecific genus Amsichthys, belonging to the subfamily Pseudoplesiopinae, of the family Pseudochromidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

Dottyback
The dottybacks are a family, Pseudochromidae, of fishes which were formerly classified in the order Perciformes or considered incertae sedis percomorphs, but are now considered basal blenniiforms. Around 152 species belong to this family.

They are found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, where most inhabit coral reefs. Many species are brightly coloured fish, often showing striking sexual dimorphism. They are generally small, mostly less than 10 cm (4 in) in length, and some less than 2 cm (0.8 in). The largest by far, at up to 45 cm (1 ft 6 in), is Congrogadus subducens. Dottybacks are distinguished from other families by the presence of three or less spines in the dorsal fin and an incomplete lateral line organ.

Several of the brightly coloured members of the family are often seen in the marine aquarium trade, although some species are aggressively territorial.