hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shinfield
Shinfield is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Wokingham, Berkshire, England. It lies just south of Reading, around 3 miles (4.8 km) from the town centre, and covers an area of 4,313 acres (17.45 km2). Shinfield Park is the northern part of the parish, becoming physically separated from Reading when the M4 motorway was constructed in 1971.

Borough of Wokingham
Wokingham, or the Borough of Wokingham, is a local government district with borough status in Berkshire, England. Since 1998 its council has been a unitary authority, having taken on county-level functions when Berkshire County Council was abolished. The borough is named after its main town, Wokingham. Other places in the district include Arborfield, Barkham, Charvil, Earley, Finchampstead, Hurst, Remenham, Ruscombe, Shinfield, Sonning, Spencers Wood, Three Mile Cross, Twyford, Wargrave, Winnersh and Woodley. Part of Crowthorne is also within the borough and forms part of the parish of Wokingham Without. The population of the borough is 177,500 according to 2021 census.
Too Loud
Too Loud! is an American hand-drawn animated web series created by Nico Colaleo for DreamWorksTV. The series premiered on the DreamWorksTV YouTube channel (now Peacock Kids) on July 9, 2017. A second and final season premiered on September 18, 2019; the final episode was uploaded on November 20, 2019.

Ollie & Scoops
Ollie & Scoops is an American independent comedy animated web series created by animator Nico Colaleo. The series follows Ollie and Scoops as they go on misadventures brought upon by Ollie's ability to communicate with cats.

The pilot premiered on June 10, 2019. The series was received positively by reviewers.
Union of Lublin Square
Union of Lublin Square (Polish: Plac Unii Lubelskiej) is an urban square and a roundabout in Warsaw, Poland, within the Downtown district. It forms an intersection of Polna, Marszałkowska, Bagatela, Puławska, Klonowa, and Boya-Żeleńskiego Streets, and Szucha Avenue. The square was constructed in 1770. It is surrounded by tenements.

Marszałkowska Street, Warsaw
Marszałkowska Street (Polish: ulica Marszałkowska), also known by its English name Marshal Street, is one of the main thoroughfares of Warsaw, Poland, located in the district of Śródmieście. It runs along the north–south axis, from Bank Square in the north to the Union of Lublin Square in the south.
Menzoberranzan
Menzoberranzan, the "City of Spiders", is a fictional city-state in the world of the Forgotten Realms, a Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting. The city is located in the Upper Northdark, about two miles below the Surbrin Vale, between the Moonwood and the Frost Hills (north of the Evermoors and under the River Surbin). It is famed as the birthplace of Drizzt Do'Urden, the protagonist of several series of best-selling novels by noted fantasy author R. A. Salvatore. Menzoberranzan has been developed into a video game (of the same name) and a tabletop RPG setting.

Underdark
The Underdark is a fictional setting which has appeared in Dungeons & Dragons role-playing campaigns and Dungeons & Dragons-based fiction books, including the Legend of Drizzt series by R. A. Salvatore. It is described as a vast subterranean network of interconnected caverns and tunnels, stretching beneath entire continents and forming an underworld for surface settings. Polygon called it "one of D&D's most well-known realms".
Francesco d'Este (1516–1578)
Francesco d'Este, Marchese di Massa Lombarda (1 November 1516, Ferrara – 12 February 1578, Ferrara) was an Italian nobleman from the House of Este. He was the eighth child and fifth son of Alfonso I d'Este and his second wife Lucrezia Borgia.

Lucrezia Borgia
Lucrezia Borgia (18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was an Italian noblewoman of the House of Borgia who was the illegitimate daughter of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei. She was a former governor of Spoleto.

Her family arranged several marriages for her that advanced their own political position, including to Giovanni Sforza, Lord of Pesaro and Gradara, Count of Cotignola; Alfonso of Aragon, Duke of Bisceglie and Prince of Salerno; and Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. Alfonso of Aragon was an illegitimate son of the King of Naples, and tradition has it that Lucrezia's brother Cesare may have had him murdered after his political value waned.

Notorious tales about her family have cast Lucrezia as a femme fatale, a controversial role in which she has been portrayed in many artworks, novels, and films.
Studio TF1 America
Studio TF1 America is a Canadian television and film production and distribution company. It was established in May 2025 following the rebranding of Reel One Entertainment and Johnson Production Group (JPG). The company is a joint venture between France's TF1 Group and A+E Global Media and has become one of the largest producers and distributors of English-language television movies globally.

A+E Global Media
A&E Television Networks, LLC, doing business as A+E Global Media (formerly A+E Networks) is an American multinational broadcasting company owned and operated as a 50–50 joint venture between Hearst Communications and the Walt Disney Company through the General Entertainment Content unit of its Entertainment division. It owns several non-fiction and entertainment-based television brands, including A&E, History Channel, Lifetime, FYI and their associated sister channels, as well as holding stakes in, or licenses, their international branches.
Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975
The Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 gave the Treaty of Waitangi recognition in New Zealand law for the first time and established the Waitangi Tribunal. The tribunal is empowered to investigate possible breaches of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi by the New Zealand Government or any state-controlled body, occurring after 1975. It was also empowered to recommend, but not enforce, remedies.

The treaty had been a focus of Māori activism for several years, but many Māori were disappointed in the efficacy of the Waitangi Tribunal. Most of the significant breaches of the treaty, such as land confiscation in the New Zealand Wars, had occurred in the nineteenth century, and the tribunal was initially in 1975 powerless to investigate these. The act was amended in 1985 to enable it to consider claims dating back to 1840.

Waitangi Tribunal
The Waitangi Tribunal (Māori: Te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi) is a New Zealand permanent commission of inquiry established under the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975. It is charged with investigating and making recommendations on claims brought by Māori relating to actions or omissions of the Crown, in the period largely since 1840, that breach the promises made in the Treaty of Waitangi. The Tribunal is not a court of law; therefore, the Tribunal's recommendations and findings are not binding on the Crown. They are sometimes not acted on, for instance in the foreshore and seabed dispute.

The inquiry process contributes to the resolution of Treaty claims and to the reconciliation of outstanding issues between Māori and Pākehā. In 2014, the Tribunal found that Ngāpuhi rangatira did not give up their sovereignty when they signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.
Mefail Shehu
Mefail Shehu, also known as Mefaili i Madh or Mefail Zajazi (1898 – November 1945), was a Balli Kombëtar military commander and leader of the Kicevo region during World War II. He was a close associate of Xhem Hasa.

Xhem Hasa
Xhemail Hasani (1908 – 6 May 1945), known as Xhemë Hasa and Xhemë Gostivari, was an Albanian nationalist and Axis collaborator, in charge of the Balli Kombëtar's activities in the western regions of Yugoslav Macedonia, a part of Yugoslavia occupied by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during World War II.
Richmond Professional Institute
The Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) was an educational institution established in 1917, which merged with the Medical College of Virginia in 1968 to form Virginia Commonwealth University. RPI was located on what is now known as the Monroe Park Campus of VCU. The entire history of RPI can be found in "A History of the Richmond Professional Institute" written by Dr. Henry H. Hibbs Jr. From 1925, it was part of the College of William & Mary and, later, The Colleges of William & Mary.

The Colleges of William & Mary
The Colleges of William & Mary was the name of a short-lived educational system in Virginia. It included The College of William & Mary, the Richmond Professional Institute, the Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary, Christopher Newport College, and Richard Bland College.
Bolinas-Stinson Union School District
Bolinas-Stinson Union School District is a public school district in Marin County, California, with offices in Bolinas, California, USA.  As of the 2017–18 school year, the District had 91 students at its Bolinas campus.

The district includes Bolinas, Stinson Beach, and a portion of Muir Beach.

Bolinas, California
Bolinas is an unincorporated coastal community in Marin County, California, United States. It is located on the California coast, approximately 13 miles (21 km) (straight line distance) northwest of San Francisco, and 27 miles (43 km) by road. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the 2020 census it had a population of 1,483.
Copper Harbor, Michigan
Copper Harbor is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located within Grant Township. The population of the CDP was 136 as of the 2020 census.

The community is located at the northern tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula and is the northernmost permanently populated community in the state. Due to its natural environment and surroundings, which include Fort Wilkins Historic State Park, Copper Harbor is marketed as an all-season tourist destination.

Grant Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan
Grant Township is a civil township of Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 275 at the 2020 census. Grant Township is one of the most isolated municipalities in Michigan, as it forms the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula, which projects into Lake Superior.
Henry Liddell
Henry George Liddell (/ˈlɪdəl/; 6 February 1811 – 18 January 1898) was dean (1855–1891) of Christ Church, Oxford, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University (1870–1874), headmaster (1846–1855) of Westminster School (where a house is now named after him), author of A History of Rome (1855), and co-author (with Robert Scott) of the monumental work A Greek–English Lexicon, known as "Liddell and Scott", which is still widely used by students of Greek. Lewis Carroll wrote Alice's Adventures in Wonderland for Henry Liddell's daughter Alice.

Alice Liddell
Alice Pleasance Hargreaves (née Liddell, /ˈlɪdəl/; 4 May 1852 – 16 November 1934) was an English woman who, in her childhood, was an acquaintance and photographic subject of Lewis Carroll. One of the stories he told her during a boating trip became the classic 1865 children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. She shared her name with "Alice", the story's protagonist, but scholars disagree about the extent to which the character was based upon her.
Washington State Route 6
State Route 6 (SR 6) is a 51.37-mile (82.67 km) long state highway in Pacific and Lewis counties in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway, which extends from U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in Raymond east to Interstate 5 (I-5), co-signed with US 12, in Chehalis. Major communities located on the highway include Raymond, Pe Ell, Adna and Chehalis. The first state highway that used the current route of SR 6 was State Road 19, established in 1913. State Road 19 became State Road 12 in 1923, which became Primary State Highway 12 (PSH 12) in 1937. In 1964, PSH 12 became SR 6 and since, three minor construction projects have been arranged, only two have been completed.

U.S. Route 101 in Washington
U.S. Route 101 (US 101) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs along the West Coast from Los Angeles, California to Tumwater, Washington. Within the state of Washington, US 101 connects cities on the coast of the Pacific Ocean and encircles the Olympic Peninsula around the Olympic Mountains. It also serves as the main access for Olympic National Park, several state parks, and other scenic and recreational areas.

The highway enters from Oregon on the Astoria–Megler Bridge over the mouth of the Columbia River near Astoria, Oregon. From there, it runs for 366 miles (589 km) north through Ilwaco, Raymond, Aberdeen, Hoquiam, and Forks before turning east towards Port Angeles. US 101 turns south near Discovery Bay and continues along the Hood Canal through Shelton towards Olympia, where it becomes a freeway and terminates at Interstate 5 (I-5) in Tumwater.
88Glam
88Glam was a Canadian hip hop duo that formed in 2017 by Shakqueel "88Camino" Burthwright and Derek "Wise" Bissue. They were formerly signed to XO and Republic Records before getting dropped in 2020 and frequently collaborated with Nav, their now-former labelmate from the two labels.

88Camino
Shakqueel Malcolm De'shon Burthwright (born June 14, 1992), known professionally as 88Camino, is a Canadian-American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He was formerly signed to Canadian singer-songwriter the Weeknd's record label, XO and Republic Records, under the hip hop duo 88Glam with his friend, fellow Canadian rapper Derek Wise.
Comstock Act of 1873
The Comstock Act of 1873 is a series of current provisions in federal law that generally criminalize the involvement of the United States Postal Service, its officers, or a common carrier in conveying obscene matter, crime-inciting matter, or certain abortion-related matter. The Comstock Act is largely codified across title 18 of the United States Code and was enacted beginning in 1872 with the attachment of a rider to the Post Office Consolidation Act of 1872. Amended multiple times since initial enactment, most recently in 1996, the Act is nonetheless often associated with U.S. Postal Inspector and anti-vice activist Anthony Comstock.

The law was applied broadly for much of its history, before the scope of enforcement narrowed after various court rulings, and modern enforcement is primarily focused on prosecuting child pornography (with the most recent conviction under the Act being made in 2021).

Post Office Consolidation Act of 1872
The Post Office Consolidation Act of 1872, formally entitled as the Act to revise, consolidate, and amend the Statutes relating to the Post-office Department (17 Stat. 283, enacted June 8, 1872) consolidated the United States Post Office Department into the Cabinet of the United States. It is most notable for a rider enacted under section 148; this was the first provision in what later became known as the Comstock Act of 1873.

The Act consolidated 827 sections of scattered postal laws into one code and introduced other operational standardization. The Act provided the administrative backbone until the next major reorganization occurred, in 1970.
Columella (auditory system)
In the auditory system, the columella contributes to hearing in amphibians, reptiles and birds. The columella form thin, bony structures in the interior of the skull and serve the purpose of transmitting sounds from the eardrum. It is an evolutionary homolog of the stapes, one of the auditory ossicles in mammals.

In many species, the extracolumella is a cartilaginous structure that grows in association with the columella. During development, the columella is derived from the dorsal end of the hyoid arch.

Stapes
The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other tetrapods which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear. This bone is connected to the oval window by its annular ligament, which allows the footplate (or base) to transmit sound energy through the oval window into the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body, and is so-called because of its resemblance to a stirrup (Latin: Stapes).
Pretectal area
In neuroanatomy, the pretectal area, or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system. Through reciprocal bilateral projections from the retina, it is involved primarily in mediating behavioral responses to acute changes in ambient light such as the pupillary light reflex, the optokinetic reflex, and temporary changes to the circadian rhythm. In addition to the pretectum's role in the visual system, the anterior pretectal nucleus has been found to mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
Van Helsing's Factory
Van Helsing's Factory is a steel enclosed roller coaster at the Movie Park Germany amusement park in Bottrop, Germany. The Gerstlauer dark ride opened in June 2011 as a replacement for the defunct Gremlin Invasion ride.

Movie Park Germany
Movie Park Germany is a theme park in Bottrop-Kirchhellen in western Germany, 50 kilometres (30 mi) north of Düsseldorf, with an area of 40 hectares (100 acres). It consists of 7 areas based on movies and TV series. Nearby the park are several film studios.
Terry Metherell
Terry Alan Metherell (born 9 January 1947) is an Australian former politician who represented the Electoral district of Davidson in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1981 to 1992. When the Liberal Party won the 1988 election, Premier Nick Greiner appointed him Minister for Education and Youth Affairs, a portfolio he held until 1990. In October 1991, he resigned from the Liberal party and remained in Parliament until his resignation to take up an offer of a public service job. This offer led to the downfall of Greiner, who was found to have corruptly offered the position to force a by-election in Metherell’s district.

Nick Greiner
Nicholas Frank Hugo Greiner (/ˈɡraɪnər/; born 27 April 1947) is an Australian politician who served as the 37th Premier of New South Wales from 1988 to 1992. Greiner was Leader of the New South Wales Division of the Liberal Party from 1983 to 1992 and Leader of the Opposition from 1983 to 1988. Greiner served as the Federal President of the Liberal Party of Australia from 2017 to 2020. He served as the Consul-General in the United States of America, New York from 2021 to 2023.
SICStus Prolog
SICStus Prolog is a proprietary, ISO-conforming implementation of the logic programming language Prolog. It is developed by the Swedish Institute of Computer Science  since 1985 and puts a strong focus on performance and scalability.

Prolog
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving,  and computational linguistics.

Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules, which define relations.  A computation is initiated by running a query over the program.

Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages and remains the most popular such language today, with several free and commercial implementations available. The language has been used for theorem proving, expert systems, term rewriting, type systems,, automated planning,, and question answering as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing.

Prolog is a Turing-complete, general-purpose programming language, which is well-suited for intelligent knowledge-processing applications.
Phonological history of English consonants
This article describes those aspects of the phonological history of English which concern consonants. The phonological history of English consonants involves major shifts from Old English to Modern English, characterized by cluster simplifications, palatalization, voicing changes, and loss of sounds. Influences from Old Norse and also from French introduced new sounds, while internal processes like assimilation and lenition streamlined the system, eventually creating the contemporary consonant inventory of English.

Phonological history of English
Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features that distinguish fortis and lenis consonants (stops, affricates, and fricatives).

This article describes the development of the phonology of English over time, starting from its roots in proto-Germanic to diverse changes in different dialects of modern English.
Dicellophilus
Dicellophilus is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae. This genus was introduced by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1896 to contain the species D. limatus, which he explicitly designated as the type species. This genus contains five species and is notable for their highly disjunct geographic distribution.

Dicellophilus limatus
Dicellophilus limatus is a species of soil centipede in the family Mecistocephalidae. This centipede is the type species for the genus Dicellophilus. This species features 45 pairs of legs, the maximum number observed in this genus, and can reach 60 mm or more in length. This species is found in California. This centipede is one of only four species in the family Mecistocephiladae found in North America.
Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona
The Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona (AMB; English: Metropolitan Area of Barcelona) is a public body operating on the principle of metropolitan authority. It is composed of representatives of Barcelona and 36 adjacent municipalities accounting for a population of 3,239,337 (Idescat, 2014) within an area of 636 km2. Its jurisdiction constitutes the main core of the unofficial Barcelona metropolitan area, with a population over 5 million.

Barcelona metropolitan area
The Barcelona urban area  is an urban area in Catalonia (Spain) centred on the city of Barcelona and located less than 100 km south of the border with France. With a population of over 5 million, it is one of the largest urban areas in Europe.
Topshop
Topshop (stylised in all caps; originally Top Shop) is a British online fast-fashion retailer, which specialises in women's clothing, shoes and accessories. It is majority owned by Danish company, Bestseller.

In 2024, ASOS sold 75% of Topshop and Topman to Bestseller.

Previously, it was part of the Arcadia Group, controlled by Sir Philip Green, but went into administration in late 2020 before being purchased by ASOS on 1 February 2021. It previously had approximately 510 shops worldwide, but closed all of its physical locations and operated solely via online retail from 2020 to 2025. It will return to physical retail on 21 August 2025, at McElhinney's Department Store in Ballybofey, Ireland.

Topman
Topman is a British online-only men's fashion retail brand operated by ASOS. Along with its women's clothing counterpart Topshop and the rest of Arcadia Group, Topman went into administration in late 2020. All high street stores subsequently closed and the brand was purchased by ASOS on 1 February 2021, relaunching as an online-only retailer.