hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South African shelduck
The South African shelduck or Cape shelduck (Tadorna cana) is a species of shelduck, a group of large goose-like birds in the bird family Anatidae, which includes the swans, geese and ducks. This is a common species native to southern Africa.

This is a 64 cm (25 in) long bird which breeds mainly in Namibia and South Africa. In the austral winter, many birds move north-east from the breeding range to favoured moulting grounds, where sizable concentrations occur.

This species is mainly associated with lakes and rivers in fairly open country, breeding in disused mammal holes, usually those of the aardvark. Pairs tend to be very nomadic when not in breeding season.

Tadorna
The shelducks, most species of which are found in the genus Tadorna (except for the Radjah shelduck, which is now found in its own monotypic genus Radjah), are a group of large birds in the Tadornini tribe of the Anatidae, the biological family that includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl such as the geese and swans.
Darnley
Darnley is an area in south-west Glasgow, Scotland, on the A727 just west of Arden (the areas are separated by the M77 motorway although a footbridge connects them). Other nearby neighbourhoods are Priesthill to the north, Southpark Village to the south, and South Nitshill and Parkhouse to the west; there is also a small industrial estate. The closest railway station is Priesthill and Darnley. The Brock Burn flows through the area.

South Nitshill
South Nitshill (Scottish Gaelic: Cnoc nan Cnòthan a Deas) is a neighbourhood in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated south of the River Clyde, in the south-west of the conurbation and within the Greater Pollok ward of the local authority area. All streets in the area have names beginning with 'W'.

It is bordered on three sides by other residential areas within Glasgow: to the south by Parkhouse and Southpark Village, to the north-east by Darnley and to the north (across a railway line) by Nitshill, an older settlement which was also developed for housing in the late 1950s. To the west are fields and the Levern Water separating the city from the town of Barrhead in East Renfrewshire. The closest railway station is Nitshill.
Discontinuities of monotone functions
In the mathematical field of analysis, a well-known theorem describes the set of discontinuities of a monotone real-valued function of a real variable; all discontinuities of such a (monotone) function are necessarily jump discontinuities and there are at most countably many of them.

Usually, this theorem appears in literature without a name. It is called Froda's theorem in some recent works; in his 1929 dissertation, Alexandru Froda stated that the result was previously well-known and had provided his own elementary proof for the sake of convenience. Prior work on discontinuities had already been discussed in the 1875 memoir of the French mathematician Jean Gaston Darboux.

Classification of discontinuities
While continuous functions are important in mathematics, not all functions are continuous. If a function is not continuous at a limit point (also called an "accumulation point" or "cluster point") of its domain, it has a discontinuity there. The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense set, or even the entire domain of the function.
Bedford Dunstable plant
The Bedford Dunstable plant was a truck and bus vehicle assembly plant, located in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England.  Developed and opened by Vauxhall Motors in 1942 under instruction from the Ministry of Production as a shadow factory, it was transferred to the Bedford Vehicles unit in the 1950s.  Closed after receivership in 1992, it was subsequently demolished and redeveloped as a retail park and associated industrial estate.

Bedford Vehicles
Bedford Vehicles, usually shortened to just Bedford, was a brand of vehicle manufactured by Vauxhall Motors, then a subsidiary of multinational corporation General Motors. Established in April 1931, Bedford Vehicles was set up to build commercial vehicles. The company was a leading international lorry brand, with substantial export sales of light, medium, and heavy lorries throughout the world.

Bedford's core heavy trucks business was divested by General Motors (GM) as AWD Trucks in 1987, whilst the Bedford brand continued to be used on light commercial vehicles and car-derived vans based on Vauxhall/Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki designs. The brand was retired in 1990.

The van manufacturing plant of Bedford, now called Vauxhall Luton, is now owned and operated by Stellantis, following Vauxhall's acquisition by PSA Group in 2017.
KPLX
KPLX (99.5 FM, "99.5 The Wolf") is a commercial radio station broadcasting a gold-based country radio format.  It is licensed to Fort Worth, Texas, and serves the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.  KPLX is owned by Cumulus Media, with studios and offices in the Victory Park district in Dallas, just north of downtown.  Cumulus owns two FM country stations in the radio market, but both KPLX and KSCS maintain separate staffs and musical directions.

KPLX has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts.  The transmitter is off West Belt Line Road in Cedar Hill, Texas, amid the towers for other FM and TV stations.  KPLX broadcasts using HD Radio technology.  The HD-2 digital subchannel carries the talk format of sister station WBAP (820 AM).

KSCS
KSCS (96.3 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Fort Worth, Texas, and serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The station is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts a country music radio format. The studios are in the Victory Park district in Dallas just north of downtown. KSCS and sister station WBAP are responsible for activation of the North Texas Emergency Alert System when hazardous weather alerts, disaster area declarations, and Amber alerts for child abductions are issued.

KSCS has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts. The transmitter is off Mansfield Road in Cedar Hill, Texas, amid the radio towers for other FM and TV stations. KSCS uses HD Radio technology; its HD2 digital subchannel carries the news/talk programming of KLIF (570 AM).
Dospat–Vacha Hydropower Cascade
The Dospat–Vacha Hydroelectric Cascade (Bulgarian: Каскада "Доспат–Въча") is situated in the western Rhodope Mountains of southern Bulgaria, on the territory of the Smolyan, Pazardzhik and Plovdiv Provinces. It is owned by the National Electricity Company. The cascade was constructed between 1963 and 2010 by "Hydrostroy".

With catchment area of 2,083 km2 spanning from an altitude of 2,191 m at the summit of Golyam Perelik to 420 m at the Krichim Reservoir, it is among Bulgaria's most complex hydropower systems. The cascade receives water from several river drainages, mostly from the Mesta, the Dospat and the Vacha. It includes five reservoirs and seven hydro power plants — Teshel, Devin, Tsankov Kamak, Orphey, Krichim and Vacha 1 and 2, with a combined installed capacity of 500.2 MW, producing an average of 871 GWh annually.

Orphey Hydroelectric Power Station
The Orphey Pumpted Storage Hydro Power Plant (Bulgarian: Помпено-акумулираща водноелектрическа централа "Орфей") is an active hydro power project near Krichim in the Rhodope Mountains, southern Bulgaria. It has 4 individual Francis turbines which deliver up to 164.8 MW of power. One of the turbines can be used as a pump as well (38 MW), making this power plant a pumped storage type. The power plant uses water from the Vacha Reservoir along the homonymous river, and is part of the Dospat–Vacha Hydropower Cascade. The plant is named after Orpheus, who is said to have lived in these lands.
Tennessee State Route 168
State Route 168 (SR 168, known as Governor John Sevier Highway) is a state highway in Knox County, Tennessee, that is 18.1 miles long. Its western terminus is with US 129/SR 115, and its eastern terminus is with US 11/US 11E/US 11W/US 70/SR 1.

Tennessee State Route 1
State Route 1 (SR 1), known as the Memphis to Bristol Highway, is a 538.8-mile-long (867.1 km) mostly-unsigned state highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It stretches from the Arkansas state line at Memphis in the southwest corner of the state to Bristol in the northeast part. Most of the route travels concurrently with U.S. Route 70 (US 70) and US 11W. It is the longest highway of any kind in the state of Tennessee. The route is signed as both in the state of Tennessee, a Primary and Secondary Highway (at different times throughout its designation)

In 2015, the Tennessee Department of Transportation erected signs along SR 1 showing motorists they are traveling on the Memphis to Bristol Highway, Tennessee's first state road. TDOT installed the signs at every county line while it celebrated its 100th anniversary.
Mississippi Highway 9
Mississippi Highway 9 (MS 9) in the Appalachian Foothills (aka North Central Hills) region of northeastern Mississippi, running north–south from MS 30 east of New Albany to MS 12 in Ackerman. It runs approximately 116 miles (187 km), serving Choctaw, Webster, Calhoun, Pontotoc, and Union counties. MS 9W veers off to the left in a curve just about 2 miles north of Bruce. It goes north north-west until it merges with MS 7 just south of Oxford.

Mississippi Highway 12
Mississippi Highway 12 (MS 12) is a state highway in northern Mississippi that runs 198.7 miles (319.8 km) west–east from MS 1 west of Hollandale at the Mississippi River to State Route 18 (SR 18) at the Alabama state line northeast of Columbus. MS 12 traverses three major regions of the state, the Mississippi Delta, the  North Central Hills, and the Golden Triangle.
Angelo De Donatis
Angelo De Donatis (born 4 January 1954) is an Italian Catholic prelate who has served as Major Penitentiary since 2024. He was Cardinal Vicar (officially Vicar General of His Holiness) and Archpriest of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran from 2017 to 2024.

Prior to his appointment as Cardinal Vicar, De Donatis was an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Rome since 2015.

Cardinal Vicar
Cardinal vicar (Italian: Cardinale Vicario) is a title commonly given to the vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the diocese within Italy (i.e. excluding the portion within Vatican City). The official title, as given in the Annuario Pontificio, is vicar general of His Holiness.

The bishop of Rome is responsible for the spiritual administration of this diocese, but because the bishop of Rome is the pope, with many other responsibilities, he appoints a cardinal vicar with ordinary power to assist in this task. Canon law requires all Catholic dioceses to have one or more vicars general, but the cardinal vicar functions more like a de facto diocesan bishop than do other vicars general. The holder has usually been a cardinal.

A similar position exists to administer the spiritual needs of the Vatican City, known as the vicar general for Vatican City or, more exactly, Vicar General of His Holiness for Vatican City.
Rubus aboriginum
Rubus aboriginum is a North American species of dewberry in the genus Rubus, a member of the rose family. It is commonly known as garden dewberry and  aboriginal dewberry. It is native to the United States and Mexico, primarily in the southern Great Plains.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Golf N' Stuff
Golf N' Stuff is an American brand of three family entertainment amusement parks and miniature golf courses located in the Southwestern United States cities of Norwalk, Ventura, and Tucson. It has a sister park in Phoenix, Castles N' Coasters. It has an estimated million visitors each year.

Castles N' Coasters
Castles N' Coasters is an amusement park and family amusement center located in Phoenix, Arizona. The approximately 14-acre (57,000 m2) park features four outdoor 18-hole miniature golf courses, several rides, and an indoor video game arcade. The park was built in 1976, and is designed in a Middle-Eastern motif though other eras are featured such as the Wild West-themed miniature golf course and log flume ride.

Other attractions includes a go-kart track, bumper cars, bumper boats, 2 roller coasters called Patriot and Desert Storm, some thrill rides including Magic Carpet, Sea Dragon, Free Fall and Sky Diver drop rides, and a log flume called Splashdown.
Coraciiformes
The Coraciiformes /kɒrəˈsaɪ.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base), though in many kingfishers one of these is missing.

In the past, Coraciiformes encompassed all anisodactyl (including syndactyl) members of the Cavitaves. This means that the birds currently classified in Leptosomiformes (cuckoo-roller) and Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoes and allies) were formerly classified in Coraciiformes.

This is largely an Old World order, with the representation in the New World limited to the dozen or so species of todies and motmots, and a mere handful of the more than a hundred species of kingfishers.

The name Coraciiformes means "raven-like". Specifically, it comes from the Latin language "corax", meaning "raven" and Latin "forma", meaning "form".

Bucerotiformes
Bucerotiformes /bjuːˈsɛrətɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of birds that contains the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes. These birds were previously classified as members of Coraciiformes. The clade is distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and Melanesia.
Entertainment Live
Entertainment Live (also known as E-Live) is a Philippine television talk show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Originally hosted by Toni Gonzaga, Mariel Rodriguez and Bianca Gonzalez, it aired on the network's Yes Weekend line up from August 4, 2007 to January 28, 2012, replacing Gokada Go! and was replaced by Showbiz Inside Report. Gonzalez, Luis Manzano, Nikki Gil and Ogie Diaz served as the final hosts.

Showbiz Inside Report
Showbiz Inside Report (SIR) is a Philippine television talk show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Hosted by Ogie Diaz, Janice de Belen, Carmina Villarroel and Joey Marquez. it aired on the network's Yes Weekend line up from February 4, 2012 to September 28, 2013, replacing Entertainment Live and was replaced by Sabado Specials: Shake, Rattle & Roll.

On March 23, 2013, Joey Marquez announced that he will leave the show due to political responsibilities. On April 6, 2013, the show celebrated its first anniversary and welcomes Villarroel's husband Zoren Legaspi to replace Marquez as a guest host. Marquez later returned after he lost the 2013 elections.
Empress He (Han dynasty)
Empress He (died 30 September 189), personal name unknown, posthumously known as Empress Lingsi, was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the second empress consort of Emperor Ling and the mother of Emperor Shao. After the death of Emperor Ling in 189, she became empress dowager when her young son, Liu Bian (Emperor Shao), became the new emperor. She was caught up in the conflict between her paternal half-brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, and the eunuch faction, who were both vying for power in the Han imperial court. After He Jin's assassination and the elimination of the eunuch faction, the warlord Dong Zhuo took advantage of the power vacuum to lead his forces into the imperial capital and seize control of the Han central government. Dong Zhuo subsequently deposed Emperor Shao, replaced him with Liu Xie (Emperor Xian) and had Empress Dowager He poisoned to death.

Ten Attendants
The Ten Attendants, also known as the Ten Eunuchs, were a group of influential eunuch-officials in the imperial court of the Chinese Eastern Han dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Ling (r.  168–189). Although they are often referred to as a group of 10, there were actually 12 of them, and all held the position of zhong changshi (中常侍; "Central Regular Attendant") in Emperor Ling's imperial court.

The 12 were: Zhang Rang (張讓), Zhao Zhong (趙忠), Xia Yun (夏惲), Guo Sheng (郭勝), Sun Zhang (孫璋), Bi Lan (畢嵐), Li Song (栗嵩), Duan Gui (段珪), Gao Wang (高望), Zhang Gong (張恭), Han Kui (韓悝) and Song Dian (宋典).
Lübeck martyrs
The Lübeck Martyrs were three Roman Catholic priests – Johannes Prassek, Eduard Müller and Hermann Lange – and the Evangelical-Lutheran pastor Karl Friedrich Stellbrink. All four were executed by beheading on 10 November 1943 less than 3 minutes apart from each other at Hamburg's Holstenglacis Prison (then called Untersuchungshaftanstalt Hamburg-Stadt, in English: Investigative Custody Centre of the City of Hamburg). Eyewitnesses reported that the blood of the four clergymen literally ran together on the guillotine and on the floor. This impressed contemporaries as a symbol of the ecumenical character of the men's work and witness. That interpretation is supported by their last letters from prison, and statements they themselves made during their time of suffering, torture and imprisonment. "We are like brothers," Hermann Lange said.

Johannes Prassek
Johannes Prassek (13 August 1911 – 10 November 1943) was a German Catholic priest, and one of the Lübeck martyrs, guillotined for opposing the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Prassek was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011.
Augustine Moore
Augustine Moore (circa 1754–after 1787) was the son of prominent planter and politician Bernard Moore who succeeded his father as a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses representing King William County and at the first Virginia Convention, and then moved toward Hampton Roads, and represented its three counties in the Virginia Senate (1777-1778). Complicating matters, the name "Augustine" was used by two different Moore families in the similar York River watershed area, so the burgess and the senator may have been different people.

Bernard Moore (burgess)
Colonel Bernard Moore, Esq., of Chelsea, King William County, Virginia (1720–1775), was a prominent landowner and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses representing King William County.  His brother-in-law, powerful speaker John Robinson made unauthorized loans to Moore and other allies, discovered after Robinson's death in 1766, which caused his estate's administrator (and future jurist) Edmund Pendleton and creditors including George Washington to auction Moore's land and 55 slaves.
Neighbourhood Council (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Neighbourhood Council is an Administrative Unit in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). It is notified in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013.

Ward is similar to Union Council, But Ward is a new term and new demarcation by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government.
While Union Councils are based upon West Pakistan Land Revenue Act, 1967 (W.P. Act No. XVII of 1967)

Ward  may consist of:

Village Council or

Neighbourhood Council

Village Council is rural places, while Neighbourhood Councils  are urban and they are near to main city or have characteristics of city.

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa there are total 2996 Village Councils.
and 505 Neighborhood Councils. While total number of Union Councils is 1001.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013 was passed by the provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on 31 October 2013, and is published as an Act of the Provincial Legislature of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as No.PA/Khyber Pakhtunkhwa/Bills/2013/10518 by the Authority of Local Government Elections & Rural Development Department on 7 November 2013.

An Act; 
"to construct and regulate local government institutions in the Province of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and to consolidate laws relating to these institutions and to provide for matters connected therewith and ancillary thereto".
He Saifei
He Saifei (born 11 April 1963) is a Chinese actress of film and television, as well as a celebrated Yue opera performer of dan (female) roles. Internationally, she is best known for playing supporting roles in period films like Raise the Red Lantern (1991) and Temptress Moon (1996).

He Saifei is the most famous disciple of Yue opera star Zhang Yunxia.

Zhang Yunxia
Zhang Yunxia (July 1926 – 18 April 2004), born Tao Dimin, was a Chinese Yue opera singer-actress who played Dan (female) roles. She studied under Yuan Xuefen but developed her own style, and is now recognized as the founder of the "Zhang school".

He Saifei, one of her students, rose to fame in the 1980s.
Boyton, Wiltshire
Boyton is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It lies in the Wylye Valley within Salisbury Plain, about 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Warminster and 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Salisbury. The parish includes the village of Corton.

The A36 Salisbury-Warminster road passes 0.6 miles (1 km) north of the villages. The parish is on the right (south) bank of the Wylye, opposite Upton Lovell (near Corton) and Codford St Peter (near Boyton). Its area extends south-west to the higher ground of Corton Down, Boyton Down and Rowdean Hill. In the far south is the Great Ridge Wood, which lies mostly within Boyton and covers about a quarter of the parish.

Upton Lovell
Upton Lovell is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It lies on the A36, in the Wylye valley about 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of Warminster. The parish is on the left (northeast) bank of the river, and stretches for over two miles northeast onto Salisbury Plain.
Branching quantifier
In logic a branching quantifier, also called a Henkin quantifier, finite partially ordered quantifier or even nonlinear quantifier, is a partial ordering

of quantifiers for Q ∈ {∀,∃}. It is a special case of generalized quantifier. In  classical logic, quantifier prefixes are linearly ordered such that the value of a variable ym bound by a quantifier Qm depends on the value of the variables

y1, ..., ym−1

bound by quantifiers

Qy1, ..., Qym−1

preceding Qm. In a logic with (finite) partially ordered quantification this is not in general the case.

Branching quantification first appeared in a 1959 conference paper of Leon Henkin. Systems of partially ordered quantification are intermediate in strength between first-order logic and second-order logic. They are being used as a basis for Hintikka's and Gabriel Sandu's independence-friendly logic.

Generalized quantifier
In formal semantics, a generalized quantifier (GQ) is an expression that denotes a set of sets.  This is the standard semantics assigned to quantified noun phrases. For example, the generalized quantifier every boy  denotes the set of sets of which every boy is a member:

This treatment of quantifiers has been essential in achieving a compositional semantics for sentences containing quantifiers.