hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hegang
Hegang (Chinese: 鹤岗; pinyin: Hègǎng, also known as Heli and Xingshan) is a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang province of China, situated in the southeastern section of the Lesser Khingan Range, facing Jiamusi across the Songhua River to the south and Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast across the Amur River to the north. Hegang is one of the principal coal-producing cities in China. Hegang covers an administrative area of 14,679.88 km2 (5,667.93 sq mi) and according to the 2020 Chinese census, has a population of 891,271 inhabitants, of whom 545,404 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 6 urban districts.By the end of 2024, the total registered population of the city will be 935,000, including 756,000 in urban areas.

Jiamusi
Jiamusi (Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠮᡠᠰᡳ Chinese: 佳木斯; pinyin: Jiāmùsī [ˌtɕiá.mû.sí]; Russian: Цзямусы; formerly Kiamusze) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. Located along the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, it faces Russia's Khabarovsk Krai across the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang. In 2018, Jiamusi had a GDP of RMB 101.2 billion with a 4.3% growth rate. Its population was 2,156,505 at the 2020 census whom 862,555 lived in the built-up area comprising 4 urban districts. At the end of 2024, the total registered population of the city was 2.213 million, a decrease of 22,000 from the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 1.145 million, and the urbanization rate of the registered population is 51.7%.
Archives of Yuhuan
The Archives of Yuhuan (Chinese: 玉环市档案馆, predecessor of the Bureau of Archives of Yuhuan, formerly known as County Archives of Yuhuan) is a municipal archive located in Yuhuan, city of Taizhou, in Zhejiang Province, China, established in July 1980.

The current building was built in October 1984, with an area of 699 square meters, of which 422 square meters is the area of the library. Until June 2018, the collection of archives had 155 full files, more than 70,000 volumes, and 12,933 books in the collection. The new building of the archive is located on the side of Xuanmenwan Sanqiao, Shugang Avenue, Yuhuan Economic Development Zone; the old building has been closed and is located in Yucheng Subdistrict. The museum has achieved the honor of "Model County for Archives in the Construction of National Socialism's New Rural Areas" for Yuhuan, and it is the seventh in Zhejiang Province and the first in Taizhou City to be designed as, "First Grade Standard Archive in Zhejiang Province".

Yuhuan
Yuhuan (simplified Chinese: 玉环; traditional Chinese: 玉環; pinyin: Yùhuán) is a county-level city of Taizhou, at the midsection along the coast of southeastern Zhejiang Province, China. Yuhuan, with total area of 2,279 km2 (880 sq mi) including land area of 378 km2 (146 sq mi), has a total population of 392,800 containing a permanent population of 93,000 from other provinces and regions.

Yuhuan administers three streets, six towns and two villages, referring to Yucheng Street, Damaiyu Street, Kanmen Street; Chumen Town, Qinggang Town, Lupu Town, Ganjiang Town, Shamen Town, Longxi Town; Jishan Village and Haishan Village. Yucheng Street is the administrative and commercial center of Yuhuan.
Hettie Wheeldon
Hettie Wheeldon (25 February 1891 – 13 November 1920) was a British socialist, school teacher and antiwar campaigner, the daughter of Alice Wheeldon. In 1917 she was arrested and charged with conspiracy to murder David Lloyd George, the British Prime Minister, and Arthur Henderson, Minister without Portfolio in the British War Cabinet. There were three other codefendants: Hettie's mother, Alice Wheeldon, her sister Winnie, and her brother-in-law Alfred Mason. Hettie was acquitted, while the other three defendants were convicted and imprisoned.

Alice Wheeldon
Alice Ann Wheeldon (27 January 1866 – 21 February 1919) was a British supporter of universal and women's suffrage and anti-war campaigner. She was convicted in 1917, along with her daughter, Winnie, and son-in-law, Alfred Mason, of conspiracy to murder the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George. Some of the evidence given in the case against them appears to have been fabricated on behalf of "a government eager to disgrace the anti-war movement".
Circle graph
In graph theory, a circle graph is  the intersection graph of a chord diagram. That is, it is an undirected graph whose vertices can be associated with a finite system of chords of a circle such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding chords cross each other.

Intersection graph
In graph theory, an intersection graph is a graph that represents the pattern of intersections of a family of sets. Any graph can be represented as an intersection graph, but some important special classes of graphs can be defined by the types of sets that are used to form an intersection representation of them.
Sedma
Sedma is a Czech 4-card trick-and-draw game played by four players in fixed partnerships with a 32-card Bohemian-pattern pack. Card suits do not play a role in this game, and there is no ranking order. A trick is won by the last player to play a card of the same rank as the card led.

The card game gives its name to the 'Sedma group' which includes closely related games such as the Finnish Ristikontra, the Yugoslavian Sedmice, the Romanian Șeptică, the Hungarian  Zsírozás (also Zsíros or Zsír), the Bavarian Lusti-Kartl'n, the German Schmierer and the possibly Polish Hola. These games have been described as highly unusual members of the ace–ten family, found only in Central and Eastern Europe.: 268

Ristikontra
Ristikontra or ristiklappi, sometimes translated as cross-clap, is a Finnish point-trick game for four players using a standard 52-card pack. Card suits do not play a role in this game, and there is no ranking order. A trick is won by the last player to play a card of the same rank as the card led.: 259 : 305f

The game is a highly unusual member of the ace–ten family, immediately related only to the Central European card game known as Sedma, Hola or Zsírozás.: 268
Trow (folklore)
A trow (/traʊ/, also trowe, drow, or dtrow) is a malignant or mischievous fairy or spirit in the folkloric traditions of the Orkney and Shetland islands. Trows may be regarded as monstrous giants at times, or quite the opposite, short-statured fairies dressed in grey.

Trows are nocturnal creatures, like the troll of Scandinavian legend with which the trow shares many similarities. They venture out of their 'trowie knowes' (earthen mound dwellings) solely in the evening, and often enter households as the inhabitants sleep. Trows traditionally have a fondness for music, and folktales tell of their habit of kidnapping musicians or luring them to their dens.

Troll
A troll is a being in Nordic folklore, including Norse mythology. In Old Norse sources, beings described as trolls dwell in isolated areas of rocks, mountains, or caves, live together in small family units, and are rarely helpful to human beings.

In later Scandinavian folklore, trolls became beings in their own right, where they live far from human habitation, are not Christianized, and are considered dangerous to human beings. Depending on the source, their appearance varies greatly; trolls may be ugly and slow-witted, or look and behave exactly like human beings, with no particularly grotesque characteristic about them.

In Scandinavian folklore, trolls are sometimes associated with particular landmarks (sometimes said to have been formed by a troll having been exposed to sunlight). Trolls are depicted in a variety of media in modern popular culture.
Roca dels Moros
The Roca dels Moros or Caves of El Cogul is a rock shelter containing paintings of prehistoric Levantine rock art and Iberian schematic art. The site is in El Cogul, in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. Since 1998 the paintings have been protected as part of the Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Inscriptions in Northeastern Iberian script and in Latin alphabet indicate that the place was used as a sanctuary into Iberian and Roman times.

Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin
The group of over 700 sites of prehistoric Rock Art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin, a type of Levantine art, were collectively declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1998. The sites are in the eastern part of Spain and contain rock art  dating to the Upper Paleolithic or (more likely) Mesolithic periods of the Stone Age. The art consists of small painted figures of humans and animals, which are the most advanced and widespread surviving from this period, certainly in Europe, and arguably in the world, at least in the earlier works. It is notable for the number of places included, the largest concentration of such art in Europe. Its name refers to the Mediterranean Basin; however, while some sites are located near the sea, many of them are inland in Aragon and Castilla–La Mancha; it can be classified as Levantine art (meaning "from Eastern Spain", not the Levant region).
Twitter diplomacy
Twitter diplomacy, or Twiplomacy, is a form of digital diplomacy, refers to the practice of conducting public diplomacy using the social media platform Twitter by heads of state and diplomats, as well as leaders of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).

Public officials use Twitter for a wide range of diplomatic communication. This includes, but is not limited to, making official announcements, sharing foreign policy updates, and communicating directly with the public. As Constance Duncombe (University of Copenhagen) points out, Twitter does not simply provide yet another platform for dialogue between states but "challenges traditional notions of diplomacy according to which it occurs through formal channels of communication and informal face-to-face social engagements."

Digital diplomacy
Digital diplomacy, also referred to as Digiplomacy and eDiplomacy (see below), has been defined as the use of the Internet and new information communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic objectives. However, other definitions have also been proposed. The definition focuses on the interplay between internet and diplomacy, ranging from Internet driven-changes in the environment in which diplomacy is conducted to the emergence of new topics on diplomatic agendas such as cybersecurity, privacy and more, along with the use of internet tools to practice diplomacy.

Platform-specific terms that have also evolved in this diplomacy category include Facebook diplomacy, Twitter diplomacy, and Google diplomacy.
Victor (emperor)
Victor (died shortly after 28 August 388 AD) was a Western Roman emperor from either 383/384 or 387 to August 388. He was the son of the magister militum Magnus Maximus, who had become a usurper of the Western Roman Empire, in opposition to Gratian. Maximus rose up  in 383, and was recognized as the legitimate emperor in the west by Theodosius I. Victor was elevated to augustus of the Western Roman Empire in either 383/384 or mid-387, making him co-emperor with his father. Maximus invaded Italy in 387, to depose Valentinian II, the brother and successor of the late Gratian. Because of Maximus' invasion, Theodosius invaded the Western Empire in 388. Theodosius defeated Maximus in two battles in Pannonia, before crushing his army at Aquileia, and capturing Maximus. Maximus was executed on 28 August 388. His death was followed quickly by that of Victor, who was executed in Trier by the Frankish general Arbogast.

Magnus Maximus
Magnus Maximus (Classical Latin: [ˈmaːgnus ˈmaːksimus]; died 28 August 388) was Roman emperor in the West from 383 to 388. He usurped the throne from emperor Gratian.

Born in Gallaecia, he served as an officer in Britain under Theodosius the Elder during the Great Conspiracy. In 383, he was proclaimed emperor in Britannia, and in Gaul the next year, while Gratian's brother Valentinian II retained Italy, Pannonia, Hispania, and Africa. In 387, Maximus's ambitions led him to invade Italy, resulting in his defeat by Theodosius I at the Battle of Poetovio in 388. In the view of some historians, his death marked the end of direct imperial presence in Northern Gaul and Britannia.
Ali Modu Sheriff
Ali Modu Sheriff (born 1956) is a Nigerian politician who served as governor of Borno State from 2003 to 2011. He was the first governor to serve two consecutive terms.

Though Sheriff had held two elected offices as a member of All Nigeria People's Party, he would later join the All Progressives Congress becoming a founding member of that party. In 2014, Sheriff switched affiliation to the People's Democratic Party. He acted as the National Working Committee chair from 16 February 2016 until the National Convention, when he was removed and replaced by Ahmed Makarfi. On 26 April 2018, Sheriff defected back to All Progressives Congress.

Ahmed Makarfi
Ahmed Mohammed MakarfiListenⓘ
(born 8 August 1956) is a Nigerian politician who is a former chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party. He was governor of Kaduna State from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007, and was elected Senator for Kaduna North senatorial district in April 2007. He is a member of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).
Rohrbach Ro IV
The Rohrbach Ro IV, also known as the Beardmore BeRo.2 Inverness was an all-metal monoplane flying boat of the 1920s. Designed by the German company Rohrbach for the British Royal Air Force, two were ordered, one completed by Rohrbach's Danish subsidiary and the second by the British licensees, William Beardmore and Company, but the type performed poorly during testing and was abandoned.

Rohrbach Metall-Flugzeugbau
Rohrbach Metall-Flugzeugbau was an airplane factory located in Berlin, Germany and founded in 1922 by Dr.-Ing Adolf Rohrbach. Rohrbach was a pioneer in building airplanes based on the metal stressed skin principle.

At the time of the early aircraft production the Versailles Treaty forbade the construction and export of large aircraft in Germany, so Rohrbach set up a Danish company, the 'Rohrbach-Metall-Aeroplan Co. A/S', to build the early Rohrbach aircraft. The strict regulation of the aircraft industry was relaxed in 1926 allowing the Rohrbach series to be built at the Rohrbach Metall-Flugzeugbau GmbH factory in Berlin.

The company enjoyed only limited commercial success, with the Rohrbach Roland ten-seat airliner as its only model built in any quantity. By 1934 the company was taken over by Weser Flugzeugbau, where Adolf Rohrbach became technical director.
Christine Riedtmann
Christine Riedtmann (born 1952) is a Swiss mathematician specializing in abstract algebra. She earned her PhD in 1978 from the University of Zurich under the supervision of Pierre Gabriel, and is a professor emeritus (since 2016) at the University of Bern.

In 2012–2013 she was president of the Swiss Mathematical Society.

Pierre Gabriel
Pierre Gabriel (1 August 1933 – 24 November 2015), also known as Peter Gabriel, was a French mathematician who worked as a professor at the University of Strasbourg (1962–1970), University of Bonn (1970–1974) and University of Zürich (1974–1998). He was an algebraist with fundamental contributions to homological algebra, the theory of abelian categories, algebraic groups and the representation theory of algebras.
Murder of Madikum Puspanathan
On 23 January 1976, while inside a bar at Jalan Besar, two patrons - Madikum Puspanathan and Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu - had a dispute with each other that resulted in Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death with a knife. Visuvanathan fled to Malaysia but he was eventually arrested two months after the stabbing and charged with murder after his extradition to Singapore. Although the defence sought to prove that Visuvanathan never meant to stab Madikum to death and he was drunk at the time of the crime, Visuvanathan was nonetheless found guilty of murdering Madikum and sentenced to death, after the trial court found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed the victim and such that the injury inflicted was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. In the aftermath, Visuvanathan's appeal was dismissed, and he was hanged on 25 May 1979.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 146
United Nations Security Council Resolution 146, adopted on August 9, 1960, after a report by the Secretary-General regarding the implementation of resolutions 143 and 145 the Council confirmed his authority to carry out the responsibility placed on him thereby and called upon Belgium to withdraw its troops from Katanga.  The Council then, while reaffirming that the United Nations Force in the Congo would not be a party to or in any way intervene in any internal conflict, declared that the entry of UN Forces into Katanga was necessary for the full implementation of the present resolution.

The resolution was approved by nine votes; France and Italy abstained.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 143
United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 was adopted on July 14, 1960. With Congolese requests for assistance in front of him, following the Mutiny of the Force Publique, Secretary-General of the United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld had called a meeting for the evening of July 13, acting under Article 99 of the Charter. After the Secretary-General's report and a request for military assistance by the President and Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) to protect its territory, the Council called upon Belgium to withdraw its troops from the territory and authorized the Secretary-General to take the necessary steps to provide the Government with such military assistance that the national security forces may be able to meet fully their tasks. The Council asked the Secretary General to report to the Security Council as appropriate.

The resolution was adopted with eight votes to none; France, the Republic of China, and the United Kingdom abstained.
Towaoc, Colorado
Towaoc is a census-designated place (CDP), a post office, and the capital of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe located on the Ute Mountain Reservation in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The Towaoc post office has the ZIP Code 81334 (post office boxes). At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Towaoc CDP was 1,120.

Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe /ˈjuːt/ (Ute dialect: Wʉgama Núuchi) is one of three federally recognized tribes of the Ute Nation, and are mostly descendants of the historic Weeminuche Band who moved to the Southern Ute reservation in 1897. Their reservation is headquartered at Towaoc, Colorado, on the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation in southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico and small sections of Utah.
Canefield Airport
Canefield Airport (IATA: DCF, ICAO: TDCF) is an airport on the west coast of the Caribbean island nation of Dominica. It is 3 miles (5 km) north of Roseau, the capital. It is one of only two airports in the island nation of Dominica, the other being Douglas–Charles Airport.

Douglas–Charles Airport
Douglas–Charles Airport (IATA: DOM, ICAO: TDPD), formerly known as Melville Hall Airport, is an airport located on the northeast coast of Dominica, 2 mi (3.2 km) northwest of Marigot. It is about one hour away from the second largest city Portsmouth. It is one of only two airports in the island nation of Dominica, the other being Canefield Airport located three miles (5 km) northeast of Roseau.
Canada Protection Plan
Canada Protection Plan (French: Plan de protection du Canada) is a Canadian life insurance distribution company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Founded in 1992, its primary product is "no medical and simplified issue" life insurance sold directly and through a network of insurance advisors. In November 2019, the company opened an office in Montreal, Quebec.

On October 1, 2020, Canada Protection Plan was acquired by Toronto-based fraternal life insurer Foresters Financial. Foresters has been the exclusive underwriter of Canada Protection Plan's life insurance products since 2008. With the acquisition, Canada Protection Plan is now a Foresters Financial company. Foresters continues to operate as it did in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Matt Berman, the President of Foresters Financial in the U.S. and Canada, also oversees Canada Protection Plan.

Foresters Financial
The Independent Order of Foresters, operating as Foresters Financial, is a fraternal benefit society headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that provides life insurance and other financial solutions in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. As of 2024, Matt Berman has served as the company's president and CEO.
Everett Shinn
Everett Shinn (November 6, 1876 – May 1, 1953) was an American painter and member of the urban realist Ashcan School.

Shinn started as a newspaper illustrator in Philadelphia, demonstrating a rare facility for depicting animated movement, a skill that would, however, soon be eclipsed by photography. Here he worked with William J. Glackens, George Luks and John Sloan, who became core-members of the Ashcan School, led by Robert Henri, which defied official good taste in favor of robust images of real life. Shinn is best known for scenes of disaster or street violence, as well as theatrical subjects, regarding the theatre as a place of satisfying illusion. Shinn was the only Ashcan artist who preferred to work in pastels. He was reportedly a model for the protagonist of Theodore Dreiser's  novel The "Genius".

William Glackens
William James Glackens (March 13, 1870 – May 22, 1938) was an American realist painter and one of the founders of the Ashcan School, which rejected the formal boundaries of artistic beauty laid down by the conservative National Academy of Design. He is also known for his work in helping Albert C. Barnes to acquire the European paintings that form the nucleus of the famed Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia. His dark-hued, vibrantly painted street scenes and depictions of daily life in pre-WW I New York and Paris first established his reputation as a major artist. His later work was brighter in tone and showed the strong influence of Renoir. During much of his career as a painter, Glackens also worked as an illustrator for newspapers and magazines in Philadelphia and New York City.
Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein
Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein, Count of Rietberg (Maximilian Nikolaus Maria; born 16 May 1969), known professionally as Max von Liechtenstein, is a Liechtensteiner prince and businessman. He is the second son of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife, Countess Marie Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.

House of Liechtenstein
The House of Liechtenstein (German: Haus Liechtenstein), from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by hereditary right over the principality of Liechtenstein. Only dynastic members of the family are eligible to inherit the throne. The dynasty's membership, rights and responsibilities are defined by a law of the family, which is enforced by the reigning prince and may be altered by vote among the family's dynasts, but which may not be altered by the Government or Parliament of Liechtenstein.