hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jobun of Silla
Jobun (r. 230–247, died 247), also known by his title Jobun Isageum, was the eleventh king of the Korean state of Silla.  He was the grandson of Beolhyu Isageum, and a member of the Seok clan.  He was the son of Goljeong with Lady Ongmo, a daughter of Kim Gudo.  Lady Ongmo's brother was Michu Isageum.

The Samguk sagi also reports that the small country of Gammun-guk (near present-day Gimcheon) was conquered by Jobun's general Uro in 231. Japanese forces attacked the capital but Jobun Isageum wins against the Japanese in 232.  Golbeol-guk (near present-day Yeongcheon) surrendered in 236. Baekje attacked the western frontier of Silla in 239.  Clashes with Goguryeo and Wa took place during Jobun's reign.

Beolhyu of Silla
Beolhyu (died 196, r. 184–196) was the ninth king of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.  He is also known as Balhui Isageum, Isageum being the royal title in early Silla. As a descendant of Silla's 4th king Talhae, his surname was Seok.
Tonghak
Donghak (Korean: 동학; Hanja: 東學; MR: Tonghak; lit. 'Eastern learning') was an academic movement in Korean Neo-Confucianism founded in 1860 by Choe Je-u. The Donghak movement arose as a reaction to seohak (lit. '"Western learning"'), and called for a return to the "Way of Heaven". While Donghak originated as a reform movement and revival of Confucian teachings, it gradually evolved into a religion known today as Cheondoism in Korea under the third patriarch Son Byong-hi.

Cheondoism
Cheondoism (spelled Chondoism in North Korea; Korean: 천도교; lit. Religion of the Celestial Way) is a 20th-century Korean pantheistic religion, based on the 19th-century Donghak religious movement founded by Choe Je-u and codified under Son Byong-hi. Cheondoism has its origins in the peasant rebellions which arose starting in 1812 during the Joseon.

Cheondoism incorporates elements of Korean shamanism. It places emphasis on personal cultivation and social welfare in the present world. Splinter movements include Suwunism and Bocheonism.
Atago Gongen
Atago Gongen (愛宕権現) also known as  Tarōbō  (太郎坊),  Atago Daigongen  (愛宕大権現),  Shōgun Jizō  (勝軍地蔵) of Mount Atago is a Japanese kami and tengu believed to be the local avatar (Gongen) of Buddhist bodhisattva Jizō and Shinto goddess Izanami. He is mounted on a white horse and carries a ringed staff and desire-cancelling jewel. The cult originated in Shugendō practices on Mount Atago in Kyoto, and Atago Gongen is worshiped as a protector against fire and a god of war and victory by Samurai. There are some nine hundred Atago Shrines around Japan.

Gongen
A gongen (権現), literally "incarnation", was believed to be the manifestation of a buddha in the form of an indigenous kami, an entity who had come to guide the people to salvation, during the era of shinbutsu-shūgō in premodern Japan. The words gonge (権化) and kegen (化現) are synonyms for gongen. Gongen shinkō (権現信仰) is the term for belief in the existence of gongen.

The gongen concept is the cornerstone of the honji suijaku theory, according to which Buddhist deities choose to appear to the Japanese as native kami in order to save them, which is based on the Mahayana Buddhist notion of upaya, "expedient means".
Nomura Research Institute
Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. (株式会社野村総合研究所, Kabushiki-gaisha Nomura sōgō kenkyūsho; NRI)is the largest economic research and consulting firm in Japan, and a member of the Nomura Group. Established in 1965, the firm now employs over 13,000 people. It owns ten subsidiaries in Japan and multiple subsidiaries overseas, in India, New York City, Dallas, London, Seoul, Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, Moscow, Taipei, the Philippines, Singapore, Bangkok, and Jakarta.

In 2016, NRI acquired Cutter Associates.

Nomura Holdings
Nomura Holdings, Inc. is a Japanese financial holding company and a principal member of the Nomura Group, which is Japan's largest investment bank and brokerage group. It, along with its broker-dealer, banking and other financial services subsidiaries, provides investment, financing and related services to individual, institutional, and government customers on a global basis with an emphasis on securities businesses.
Ministry of Examination
The Ministry of Examination (MOEX; Chinese: 考選部; pinyin: Kǎoxuǎnbù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khó-sóan Pō͘) is a second level policy-making body, governed under the Examination Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and is the fundamental Examination Yuan agency responsible for the administration of national examinations and the supervision of contract examinations throughout Taiwan.

Examination Yuan
The Examination Yuan is the civil service commission branch in charge of validating the qualification of civil servants of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It has a president, a vice president, and seven to nine members, all of whom are nominated by the president of the republic and confirmed by the Legislative Yuan for four-year terms according to Republic of China laws.
Costanza Piccolomini Bonarelli
Costanza Bonarelli (c. 1614 – 3 December 1662), also known as Costanza Bonucelli or Costanza Piccolomini Bonucelli, was an Italian noblewoman, merchant and art dealer, descended from a Sienese noble family. She was the mistress of the sculptor and architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who in the 1630s created a bust of her, now exhibited at the Bargello in Florence.

Piccolomini
The House of Piccolomini (pronounced [pikkoˈlɔːmini]) is the name of an Italian noble family, Patricians of Siena, who were prominent from the beginning of the 13th century until the 18th century. The family achieved the recognized titles of Pope of the Catholic Church, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Grandee of Spain, and Duke of Amalfi. The family is also featured in Florentine Histories, a book written by Niccolò Machiavelli, where he describes the reign of Pope Pius II, who had allied himself with the Venetians and Prince Vlad Dracula, to wage a war against the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Simultaneous editing
In human–computer interaction, simultaneous editing is an end-user development technique allowing a single user to make multiple simultaneous edits of text in a multiple selection at once through direct manipulation.

Multiple selections and cursors are typically created by using a keyboard shortcut to select repeated instances of the same text or text fragments surrounded by the same delimiters, by using a search feature to select all instances of a search term, by selecting the same column in multiple lines, or by selecting text or cursor positions with a mouse. The Lapis experimental web browser and text editor is also able to infer selections based on concept learning from positive and negative examples given by the user during a process known as selection guessing.

Tools for data wrangling (mass reformatting) also sometimes include commands for simultaneous editing of all data in a column or category.

Selection (user interface)
In computing and user interface engineering, a selection is a list of items on which user operations will take place. The user typically adds items to the list manually, although the computer may create a selection automatically.

Selections are enacted through combinations of key presses on a keyboard, with a precision pointing device (mouse or touchpad and cursor, stylus), or by hand on a touchscreen device. The simultaneous selection of a group of items (either a subset of elements in a list, or discontinuous regions in a text) is called a multiple selection.

Context menus will usually include actions related to the objects included in the current selection – the selection provides the "context" for the menu.
PeopleMover (Disneyland)
The PeopleMover, sometimes referred to as the Goodyear PeopleMover and WEDWay PeopleMover, was a transport attraction that opened on July 2, 1967, in Tomorrowland at Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. Guests boarded small trains that ran on elevated tracks for a "grand circle tour" above Tomorrowland. The term "people mover", now in wider use to describe many forms of automated public transport, was first coined as the name for this attraction. PeopleMover was originally only a working title, but became attached to the project over time. The attraction was initially seen as a serious prototype for intercity public transport. The ride closed on August 21, 1995, but its station and track infrastructure—which it shared with its short-lived successor, Rocket Rods—remain standing as of 2025. A second PeopleMover opened on July 1, 1975 in Tomorrowland at the Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida near Orlando, Florida, and is still operating today.

Rocket Rods
Rocket Rods was a high-speed thrill attraction located in Tomorrowland at Disneyland, Anaheim, California. The ride was themed around  a hypothetical “drag race” of the future, as well as a futuristic rapid transit system. The ride opened in May 1998, utilizing the existing PeopleMover track and infrastructure as part of the New Tomorrowland refurbishment project. The ride experienced frequent technical problems and was shut down indefinitely for renovations in September 2000; ultimately, the ride would not reopen, as confirmed via an official press release in April 2001, after two years of sporadic operations, and would officially remain closed. While Rocket Rods' queue was replaced with Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters in 2005, the majority of the track infrastructure utilized by both the attraction and its predecessor still exist in Tomorrowland as of 2026.
Wajihuddin Ahmed
Wajihuddin Ahmed (Urdu: وجیہ الدین احمد; born 1 December 1938) is a retired senior justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, human rights activist, and former professor of law at the Sindh Muslim Law College.

Prior to be elevated as Senior Justice of the Supreme Court, he briefly tenured as the Chief Justice of the Sindh High Court from 1998 until refusing to take oath in opposition to martial law in 1999. He remained a strong critic of President Pervez Musharraf, eventually taking up a leading role in Lawyer's movement in 2007 to oppose President Musharraf. Ultimately, he unsuccessfully ran for the presidential elections held in 2007. Since 2011, he was active in national politics through Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), being the party's candidate for the presidential election 2013. He lost the election on 30 July 2013 to Mamnoon Hussain of Pakistan Muslim League (N).

In 2016, he left Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. and started his own party under the name Aam Loeg Ittehad.

Mamnoon Hussain
Mamnoon Hussain (23 December 1940 – 14 July 2021) was a Pakistani politician, industrialist and statesman who served as the 12th president of Pakistan from 2013 to 2018. He also served as the governor of Sindh from June 1999 until being deposed in a coup d'état in October 1999, when the federal and all provincial governments were overthrown by Pervez Musharraf.

Hussain was then nominated for the presidency by the PML(N) in July 2013 and was elected through an indirect presidential election. Hussain took over the presidency after an oath administered by the Chief Justice of Pakistan on 9 September 2013.

Hussain maintained a low-key profile as president and his role was rarely seen in the nation's politics, although he was involved in a Polio eradication program.
Rival Poet
The Rival Poet is one of several characters, either fictional or real persons, featured in William Shakespeare's sonnets. The sonnets most commonly identified as the Rival Poet group exist within the Fair Youth group in sonnets 78–86. Several theories about these characters, the Rival Poet included, have been expounded, and scholarly debate continues to put forward both conflicting and compelling arguments. In the context of these theories, the speaker of the poem sees the Rival Poet as a competitor for fame, wealth and patronage.

Sonnet 86
Sonnet 86 is one of 154 sonnets first published by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare in the Quarto of 1609.  It is the final poem of the Rival Poet group of the Fair Youth sonnets in which Shakespeare writes about an unnamed young man and a rival poet competing for the youth's favor. Though the exact date of its composition is unknown, it has been suggested that the Rival Poet series may have been written between 1598 and 1600.

Sonnet 86 has attracted attention because it seems to offer clues to the identity of the Rival Poet.
CFHK-FM
CFHK-FM is a Canadian radio station licensed to St. Thomas, Ontario, serving London and Southwestern Ontario. The station transmits at an effective radiated power of 22,000 watts (60,000 watts peak) at 103.1 MHz. Owned by Corus Entertainment, the station broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format branded as Fresh 103.1. Its studios and offices are located in downtown London while its transmitter is located on the CFPL-DT tower in Southwest London.

St. Thomas, Ontario
St. Thomas is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It gained its city charter on March 4, 1881. The city is also the seat for Elgin County, although it is independent of the county.

At the time of the 2021 Census, the population of the city was 42,918.
Open-access mandate
An open-access mandate is a policy adopted by a research institution, research funder, or government which requires or recommends researchers—usually university faculty or research staff and/or research grant recipients—to make their published, peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers open access (1) by self-archiving their final, peer-reviewed drafts in a freely accessible institutional repository or disciplinary repository ("Green OA") or (2) by publishing them in an open-access journal ("Gold OA") or both.

Self-archiving
Self-archiving is the act of (the author's) depositing a free copy of an electronic document online in order to provide open access to it. The term usually refers to the self-archiving of peer-reviewed research journal and conference articles, as well as theses and book chapters, deposited in the author's own institutional repository or open archive for the purpose of maximizing its accessibility, usage and citation impact. The term green open access has become common in recent years, distinguishing this approach from gold open access, where the journal itself makes the articles publicly available without charge to the reader.
Prince Nŭngp'ung
Prince Neungpung (Korean: 능풍군; Hanja: 綾豐君; 1596 – November 1604), personal name Yi Myeong (이명; 李佲), was a Mid-late Joseon Royal Prince of Korea and the only son of Wonjong of Joseon and Lady of the Pyeongyang Gim clan. He was the younger half brother of Injo of Joseon.

Prince Jeongwon
Wonjong of Joseon or Prince Jeongwon (2 August 1580 – 2 February 1619) was a prince during the Joseon dynasty. He was a son by a concubine to the Joseon dynasty's 14th monarch, king Seonjo, and half brother of king Gwanghaegun and father of king Injo. His birth name was Yi Bu (이부; 李琈).

He first held the title of Prince Jeongwon (定遠君, 정원군) and later re-titled as Grand Internal Prince Jeongwon (定遠大院君, 정원대원군). In 1592, during the Japanese invasions of Korea, he escaped with his father, King Seonjo and awarded in 1604 in recognition of helping the king to escape.
Bulemas
Bulemas or boulemas, also rodanches or burmaikos, are a traditional baked pastry in Sephardic Jewish cuisine. They are made from a thinly stretched yeast dough, filled with a savory mixture, and then rolled into a spiral shape. Once baked, the pastry has a delicate and flaky texture akin to that of phyllo-based pastries, like the Turkish Kol böreği and the Greek spanakopita.

Common fillings for the dish include a spinach and cheese mix, as well as an eggplant and cheese variant.

Bulemas are often served as part of the Shabbat breakfast (dezayuno) in Sephardic Jewish communities alongside bourekas and other filled pastries, and accompanied by haminados (braised eggs), cheeses, vegetables, and raki.

Bourekas
Bourekas or burekas (Hebrew: בורקס, Ladino: burekas) are a widely consumed baked pastry in Sephardic Jewish cuisine and Israeli cuisine. A variation of the burek, a common pastry throughout southern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Israeli bourekas are made in a wide variety of shapes and a vast selection of fillings, and are typically made with either puff pastry, filo dough, or brik pastry, depending on the origin of the baker.
Takatsukasa Mototeru
Takatsukasa Mototeru (鷹司 基輝; April 19, 1727 – July 6, 1743), son of Ichijō Kaneka and adopted son of Takatsukasa Fusahiro , was a Kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). Sukehira was his adopted son.

Ichijō Kaneka
Ichijō Kaneka (一条 兼香; January 12, 1692 – September 21, 1751), son of regent Takatsukasa Fusasuke and adopted son of regent Kaneteru, was a kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (1603–1868) of Japan. He held a regents position kampaku from 1737 to 1746. He married a daughter of Asano Tsunanaga, fourth head of Hiroshima Domain, and an adopted daughter of Ikeda Tsunamasa, second head of Okayama Domain.
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election, an election to the U.S. Senate, and a gubernatorial election.

2012 United States Senate election in Indiana
The 2012 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 6, 2012, concurrently with the U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Richard Lugar ran for reelection to a seventh term, but was defeated in the primary by Tea Party-backed Richard Mourdock.

U.S. Representative Joe Donnelly, a Democrat from Indiana's 2nd congressional district, was unopposed in his party's primary, and then defeated both Mourdock and Libertarian Andrew Horning in the general election. As of 2025, this is the last time Democrats won any statewide election in Indiana, and the most recent Senate election in which an elected incumbent was defeated in the primary. It was also the last time until 2024 where the opposite party picked up a seat in a cycle after losing the previous one a cycle earlier.
TV Cidade Verde Picos
TV Cidade Verde Picos (channel 5) is a television station licensed to Picos, a city in central-eastern Piauí. The station is owned by Grupo Cidade Verde, who also controls TV Cidade Verde in Teresina, among other companies. Its studios are located on the margins of Rodovia BR-316, in the Boa Sorte neighborhood, and its transmitting antenna is located atop Morro da AABB, in the Catavento neighborhood.

TV Cidade Verde
TV Cidade Verde (channel 5) is a Brazilian television station based in Teresina, the capital of the state of Piauí, Brazil, affiliated with SBT. The station is owned by businessman Jesus Elias Tajra through the Grupo Cidade Verde, which also includes TV Cidade Verde de Picos, the CidadeVerde.com online portal, radio stations Cidade Verde and CV Mais, and the CV Play app.
Wolfdale (microprocessor)
Wolfdale is the code name for a processor from Intel that is sold in varying configurations as Core 2 Duo, Celeron, Pentium and Xeon. In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was Penryn microarchitecture, the shrink of the Merom microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23. This replaced the Conroe processor with Wolfdale.

The Wolfdale chips come in four sizes, with 6 MB and 3 MB L2 cache (Core 2 Duo); the smaller version is commonly called Wolfdale-3M, 2 MB L2 (Pentium), and 1 MB L2 (Celeron).

The mobile version of Wolfdale is Penryn and the dual-socket server version is Wolfdale-DP. The Yorkfield desktop processor is a quad-core Multi-chip module of Wolfdale.

Wolfdale was replaced by Nehalem based Clarkdale.

Yorkfield
Yorkfield is the code name for some Intel processors sold as Core 2 Quad and Xeon.
In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was Penryn microarchitecture, the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23, replacing Kentsfield, the previous model.

Like its predecessor, Yorkfield multi-chip modules come in two sizes. The smaller version is equipped with 6MB L2 cache, and is commonly called Yorkfield-6M. The larger version is equipped with 12 MB L2 cache.

The mobile version of Yorkfield is Penryn-QC and the dual-socket server version is Harpertown. The MP server Dunnington chip is a more distant relative based on a different chip but using the same 45 nm Core microarchitecture. The Wolfdale desktop processor is a dual-core version of Yorkfield.

The successors to Yorkfield are the Nehalem based Lynnfield and Bloomfield.
Jin (Chinese state)
Jin (traditional Chinese: 晉; simplified Chinese: 晋, Old Chinese: *tsi[n]-s), originally known as Tang (唐), was a major state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty, based near the centre of what was then China, on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty: the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period, its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403 BC, the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states: Han, Zhao, and Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period.

Zhao (state)
Zhao (traditional Chinese: 趙; simplified Chinese: 赵) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province.

Zhao was home to the administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gongsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names.
Kronberg Railway
The Kronberg Railway (German: Kronberger Bahn) is now the northern part of Frankfurt S-Bahn line S4, which connects Frankfurt am Main and Kronberg im Taunus in Hesse, Germany. The route branches off the Homburg line in Rödelheim and continues via Eschborn Süd, Eschborn and Niederhöchstadt to Kronberg.

Kronberg im Taunus
Kronberg im Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁoːnˌbɛʁk ʔɪm ˈtaʊnʊs] ⓘ, lit. 'Kronberg in the Taunus') is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Before 1866, it was in the Duchy of Nassau; in that year the whole Duchy was absorbed into Prussia. Kronberg lies at the foot of the Taunus, flanked in the north and southwest by forests. A mineral water spring also rises in the town.