hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahkam
Ahkam (Arabic: أحكام, romanized: aḥkām, lit. 'rulings', plural of ḥukm, حُكْم) is an Islamic term with several meanings. In the Quran, the word hukm is variously used to mean arbitration, judgement, authority, or God's will. In the early Islamic period, the Kharijites gave it political connotations by declaring that they accept only the hukm of God (حُكْمُ اللّهِ). The word acquired new meanings in the course of Islamic history, being used to refer to worldly executive power or to a court decision.

Ahkam commonly refers to specific Quranic rules, or to the legal rulings/judgements/decisions derived using the methodology of fiqh. Sharia rulings fall into one of five categories known as "the five decisions" (al-aḥkām al-khamsa): mandatory (farḍ or wājib), recommended (mandūb or mustaḥabb), neutral/permissible (mubāḥ), disliked (makrūh), and forbidden (ḥarām).

Fard
Farḍ (Arabic: فرض) or farīḍah (فريضة) or fardh in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God. The word is also used in Turkish, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, Bangla (spelled farz or faraz), and Malay (spelled fardu or fardhu) in the same meaning. Muslims who obey such commands or duties are said to receive hasanat (حسنة), ajr (أجر) or thawab (ثواب) for each good deed.

Fard or its synonym wājib (واجب) is one of the five types of ahkam (أحكام) into which fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim.  The Hanafi fiqh, however, does not consider both terms to be synonymous, and makes a distinction between wajib and fard, the latter being obligatory and the former slightly lesser degree than being obligatory.
The Sands of Ammon
The Sands of Ammon (original title: Le Sabbie di Amon) is the second part of Valerio Massimo Manfredi's Alexander trilogy, following on from Child of a Dream. Continuing the epic story of Alexander the Great, The Sands of Ammon narrates of the Macedonian king's quest to conquer Asia.  He and his men storm and conquer Persian towns and harbours; even the legendary town of Halicarnassus is defeated. Alexander's army marches on to the snow-covered Anatolia, where it records yet another few victories. Despite defeating the king Darius III, the city of Tyre and the Towers of Gaza prove to be formidable enemies, although they ultimately have to surrender to Alexander. The Macedonian army then heads south towards the mysterious and epic land of Egypt; and it's here, in the sands of the endless Libyan Desert, that the Oracle of Ammon lies. And what the divine Oracle will reveal to Alexander will change his life forever.

Child of a Dream
Child of a Dream (original title: Il figlio del sogno) is a historical novel, the first part of Valerio Massimo Manfredi's Alexander trilogy, released in 1998. It narrates the childhood of Alexander the Great, son of King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympias, including his tutelage under the Greek philosopher Aristotle. It also focuses on Alexander's friendship with Hephaestion and Ptolemy, and his preparation to become a warrior able to lead the Macedonian Empire.
Reid Anderson
Reid Anderson (born 15 October 1970) is a bassist and composer from Minnesota. He is a member of The Bad Plus with drummer Dave King, pianist Ethan Iverson, saxophonist Chris Speed, and guitarist Ben Monder. The original lineup of The Bad Plus first played together in 1989 and formally established the band in 2000. Anderson attended the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and graduated from the Curtis Institute of Music.

David King (drummer)
David King (born June 8, 1970) is an American drummer from Minneapolis. He is known for being a founding member of the jazz groups The Bad Plus (with Reid Anderson) and Happy Apple (with Michael Lewis and Erik Fratzke). King is also active in many other projects including free jazz collective Buffalo Collision with NYC "downtown" musicians Tim Berne and Hank Roberts and the electronic art/pop group Halloween, Alaska. He is also a member of the noise/prog band The Gang Font with former Hüsker Dü bassist Greg Norton. He also has a jazz quintet called Dave King Trucking Company.
Nils Dacke
Nils Dacke (died 1543) was a Swedish yeoman who was the leader of a mid-16th century peasant revolt in the historic province of Småland in southern Sweden. The resulting Dacke War (Swedish: Dackefejden) was fought against King Gustav I of Sweden of the Vasa family. It was the most widespread and serious civil war in Swedish history and almost toppled the king.

Gustav Vasa
Gustav Eriksson Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), also known as Gustav I, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. He was previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead this war following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 (the future National Day of Sweden) and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.

During his reign, Gustav initiated the Protestant Swedish reformation, transformed the country from an elective to a hereditary monarchy and established a standing army and navy.
TriStar Television
TriStar Television, Inc. (first spelled Tri-Star, and abbreviated as TT) was an American television production studio that was a division of Sony Pictures Television, a Sony Pictures Entertainment company. TriStar Television was launched in March 1986 by TriStar Pictures, and remained a joint-venture between Columbia Pictures, CBS, and HBO until it was acquired by Sony, the parent of both Columbia and TriStar. After a purchase by Sony Pictures Entertainment, both companies Columbia Pictures Television and TriStar Television merged and formed Columbia TriStar Television on February 21, 1994. The television studio was relaunched twice, most recently as a specialty label for Sony Pictures Television. The entity was originally a sister company of Columbia Pictures Television, which was shut down in 2001.

Sony Pictures Television
Sony Pictures Television Inc. (abbreviated as SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio and the television arm of Sony Pictures Entertainment, the film studio subsidiary of Sony Group Corporation. Established on September 16, 2002 and based at the Sony Pictures Studios complex in Culver City, California, it is a renaming of the Columbia TriStar Television studio and the fourth and current iteration of what had originated as Columbia Pictures's television studio, Screen Gems.
Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army
Chief of Staff of the Army (CoSA) has been the title of the second in command of the Sri Lanka Army. The post is held by a regular officer of the rank of major general and is the second senior position in the army. Chief of staff is charged with assisting the Army Commander in both operational and administrative aspects, functioning as the Acting Army Commander in his absences or incantation. Chief of staff is assisted by the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army.

Deputy Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army
Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army (DCOS) has been the title of the third in command of the Sri Lanka Army created in 1994. The post is held by a regular officer of the rank of Major General and is the third senior position in the army. Deputy of Staff is charged with assisting the Chief of Staff of the Army in both operational and administrative aspects, functioning as the Acting Army Commander in his absences or incantation.
Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)
The Province of Pomerania (German: Provinz Pommern; Polish: Prowincja Pomorze) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945. Pomerania was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815, an expansion of the older Brandenburg-Prussia province of Pomerania, and then became part of the German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Pomerania was a province of the Free State of Prussia until it was dissolved following World War II by decree of the Allied Control Council with the de jure abolition of Prussia on 25 February 1947, and its territory divided between Poland and Allied-occupied Germany. The city of Stettin (present-day Szczecin, Poland) was the provincial capital.

Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)
The Province of Pomerania was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia, the later Kingdom of Prussia. After the Thirty Years' War, the province consisted of Farther Pomerania. Subsequently, the Lauenburg and Bütow Land, Draheim, and Swedish Pomerania south of the Peene river were joined into the province. The province was succeeded by the Province of Pomerania set up in 1815.

The name Pomerania comes from Slavic po more meaning the land at a sea.
Estrone
Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone. It is one of three major endogenous estrogens, the others being estradiol and estriol. Estrone, as well as the other estrogens, are synthesized from cholesterol and secreted mainly from the gonads, though they can also be formed from adrenal androgens in adipose tissue. Relative to estradiol, both estrone and estriol have far weaker activity as estrogens. Estrone can be converted into estradiol, and serves mainly as a precursor or metabolic intermediate of estradiol. It is both a precursor and metabolite of estradiol.

In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estrone has been used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy; for information on estrone as a medication, see the estrone (medication) article.

Sex hormone
Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids,  gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. The sex hormones include the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades. Certain polypeptide hormones including the luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone – each associated with the gonadotropin axis – are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles.
Edna Burke Jackson
Edna Burke Jackson (January 25, 1911 – February 21, 2004) was an American educator and writer. She was the first African American woman to teach at what was then Woodrow Wilson High School in Washington, D.C. In 2022, the school was renamed Jackson-Reed High School to honor her and Vincent Reed, Wilson's first Black principal.

Vincent Reed
Vincent E. Reed (March 1, 1928 – October 17, 2017) was an American educator who served as superintendent of the District of Columbia Public Schools. He gained national recognition in the 1970s for his leadership of the school district. He subsequently served as assistant secretary of education under President Ronald Reagan.

Reed was the first African American principal of Woodrow Wilson High School, which was renamed Jackson-Reed High School in 2022 to honor him and Edna Burke Jackson, the school's first Black teacher.
Virtual work
In mechanics, virtual work arises in the application of the principle of least action to the study of forces and movement of a mechanical system.  The work of a force acting on a particle as it moves along a displacement is different for different displacements.  Among all the possible displacements that a particle may follow, called virtual displacements, one will minimize the action. This displacement is therefore the displacement followed by the particle according to the principle of least action.

The work of a force on a particle along a virtual displacement is known as the virtual work.

Historically, virtual work and the associated calculus of variations were formulated to analyze systems of rigid bodies, but they have also been developed for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies.

Virtual displacement
In analytical mechanics, a branch of applied mathematics and physics, a virtual displacement (or infinitesimal variation)  shows how the mechanical system's trajectory can hypothetically (hence the term virtual) deviate very slightly from the actual trajectory  of the system without violating the system's constraints.: 263  For every time instant   is a vector tangential to the configuration space at the point  The vectors  show the directions in which  can "go" without breaking the constraints.

For example, the virtual displacements of the system consisting of a single particle on a two-dimensional surface fill up the entire tangent plane, assuming there are no additional constraints.

If, however, the constraints require that all the trajectories  pass through the given point  at the given time  i.e.  then
Solomon Ayllon
Solomon Ayllon (c. 1655 or c. 1660 – 10 April 1728) was Haham of the Sephardic congregations in London and Amsterdam, and a follower of Shabbethai Ẓebi. His name is derived from the town of Ayllon, in what is now the province of Segovia.

Ayllon was neither a general scholar nor a Talmudist of standing, but his history is closely interwoven with that of Sabbateanism (Sabbatai Zevi, Nathan of Gaza and Nehemiah Hayyun) in both the East and the West.

Nehemiah Hayyun
Nehemiah Hiyya ben Moses Hayyun (Hebrew: נחמיה חייא חיון, c. 1650 – c. 1730) was a Bosnian Kabbalist linked to Sabbateanism. His parents, who were Sephardic Jews, lived in Sarajevo in the Ottoman Empire, where he was most likely born; later in life, he pretended that he was a meshulach born in Safed. He received his Talmudic education in Hebron.
Pojulu people
The  Pojulu (or Pojulu people) is a tribe of the savanna lands in the White Nile Valley, in the Equatoria region of South Sudan. They are Nilotic people and part of the Karo people—which also includes Bari, Mundari, Kakwa, Kuku, Nyangwara, and the Karo Tribes Of Omo Valley in Ethiopia such as the Banna, Hamer, Mursi, Kara, Dassanech, Arbore, Nyangatom known as the Omo Karo peoples.

The Pojulu differentiate into smaller clans of Nyori, Morsak, Korobura, Wonduruba, Mukaya, Goduk, Lobora, Moje, Mulusuk, Pirisa, Malari, Mankaro, Sadim, Jomi, Nyigo, Komojok, Limbe, Mundu, Jebelen, Maranga, Donni, Gokoni, Borri, Moyita, Gojang, Liggi, Soka, Yondoru, Mijibura, Wande, Wuji, nyainga, kweresak, Mundu, Dongoro, Lumuro, Soka, Jamara, Gbotoro, Yaribe,  Morsak, Girim, Wolungu, Rongat, Mornyang, Bori, Goromu, Mugga, Giwaya, Pokula, Limbe, Gokiri, Muring, Wolungu, Lowinya, Mojumalat, Kupera  and many more.

Kuku people
The Kuku are a Nilotic tribe of the Karo people from South Sudan. They inhabit the agricultural lands of Kajo Keji County in Central Equatoria State. The Kuku speak a Kuku dialect, also called BaKuku.

They are chiefly a farming people relying on mixed farming. During the rainy season they grow substantial food crops, mainly sorghum (known by the Kuku people as masika), pigeon peas (burukusuk), maize (mbaya), millet, cassava, sweet potatoes, and beans (loputu). In the dry season they herd cattle, goats and sheep herding on a small scale. The Kuku are good beekeepers. They practice collective hunting during dry season, hunting with bow and arrow. Their hunting practices also involve trapping animals in a net as their cultural food which was believed to be a source of wisdom and knowledge is the rat.
USWeb
USWeb was an interactive design agency founded in 1995 by former Novell executives Joe Firmage, Toby Corey, Ken Campbell, Jim Heffernan and Sheldon Laube during the dot com bubble. USWeb made its first public offering on the NASDAQ exchange in late 1997. In September 1998, the company announced that it would merge with CKS; it became USWeb/CKS. In late 1999 the company announced that it was being acquired by Whittmann-Hart, a Chicago-based internet consultancy.

On March 1, 2000, the combined company was renamed marchFIRST, Inc. It went bankrupt in 2001.

Whittman-Hart
Whittman-Hart was a services company dealing with digital communications. Founded in 1984, it grew steadily until 1999, when it acquired US Web/CKS, more than doubling its size. The combined company was re-corporated on March 1, 2000, with the new name of marchFIRST, inc. In May 2001, marchFIRST, which had declared bankruptcy a month earlier, was liquidated.
Jerry Hairston Jr.
Jerry Wayne Hairston Jr. (born May 29, 1976) is an American former professional baseball infielder and outfielder. He played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles, Chicago Cubs, Texas Rangers, Cincinnati Reds, New York Yankees, San Diego Padres, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He played every position except pitcher and catcher during his baseball career. He is the grandson of former major leaguer Sam Hairston, the son of former major leaguer Jerry Hairston Sr., and the brother of Scott Hairston.

Scott Hairston
Scott Alexander Hairston (born May 25, 1980) is a Mexican-American former professional baseball left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, San Diego Padres, Oakland Athletics, New York Mets, Chicago Cubs, and Washington Nationals. He bats and throws right-handed.

Hairston comes from a noted baseball family, with his grandfather, Sam Hairston, father, Jerry Hairston, Sr., and his brother, Jerry Hairston Jr. having been Major League players.
Colt Ace
The Colt Ace or Colt Service Model Ace is a Colt Model 1911-derived semi-automatic firearm chambered for the .22 Long Rifle cartridge instead of .45 ACP.  It was created in 1931 and produced through 1947 to allow inexpensive and low-recoil sub-caliber training while maintaining the feel of the military Model 1911 pistol.

M1911 pistol
The Colt M1911 (also known as 1911, Colt 1911, Colt .45, or Colt Government in the case of Colt-produced models) is a single-action, recoil-operated, semi-automatic pistol chambered primarily for the .45 ACP cartridge.
Kennington tube station
Kennington is a London Underground station. It is located on Kennington Park Road in Kennington within the London Borough of Southwark. The station is on the Northern line, and is at the junction of the Charing Cross and Bank branches to the north and the Morden and Battersea Power Station branches to the south. Northbound, the next stations are Waterloo on the Charing Cross branch and Elephant & Castle on the Bank branch. Southbound, the next stations are Oval towards Morden and Nine Elms towards Battersea Power Station respectively. It is in both London fare zone 1 and 2.

The station was opened in 1890 as part of the world's first underground electric railway and its surface building remains largely unaltered. In the 1920s, the underground parts of the station were reconstructed so that the line could be extended and larger trains could be used. Two additional platforms and later several cross passages were provided for interchanges between the branches.

Morden tube station
Morden is a London Underground station in Morden in the London Borough of Merton. It is the southern terminus of the Northern line, and is the most southerly station on the whole network. It is located on London Road (the A24), and is in London fare zone 4. Nearby are Morden Hall Park and Morden Park. The next station towards North London is South Wimbledon.

The station was one of the first modernist designs produced for the London Underground by Charles Holden. Its opening in 1926 contributed to the rapid development of new suburbs in what was previously a rural part of Surrey; the population of the parish increased ninefold in the decade 1921–1931.
Salvinorin A
Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic molecule in Salvia divinorum. Salvinorin A is considered an atypical dissociative hallucinogen.

It is structurally distinct from other naturally occurring hallucinogens (such as DMT, psilocybin, and mescaline) because it contains no nitrogen atoms; hence, it is not an alkaloid (and cannot be rendered as a salt), but rather is a terpenoid. It also differs in subjective experience, compared to other hallucinogens, and has been described as having strong dissociative effects.

Salvinorin A can produce psychoactive experiences in humans with a typical duration of action being several minutes to an hour or so, depending on the method of ingestion.

Salvinorin A is found with several other structurally related salvinorins. Salvinorin is a trans-neoclerodane diterpenoid. It acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist and is the first known compound acting on this receptor that is not an alkaloid.

Salvinorin
Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs.  Several salvinorins have been isolated from Salvia divinorum.  They are classified as diterpenoid furanolactones. Salvinorin A is a hallucinogen with dissociative effects.

Several salvinorins have been isolated and characterized.
DYPR-DTV
DYPR-DTV (channel 50) is a commercial television station owned and operated by the Philippine Collective Media Corporation. The station's studios are located at the 3rd floor, Tingog Community Center, Real St. cor. Calanipawan Rd., Brgy. Sagkahan, and the transmitter is located at the Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Hospital Compound, Brgy. 96 (Calanipawan), Tacloban, Leyte.

In the 1990s, Channel 12 was a regional affiliate station of the Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation.

It also broadcast on digital TV via Channel 50 on GMA Affordabox, ABS-CBN TV Plus, Sulit TV and PRTV Tipidbox.

Philippine Collective Media Corporation
Philippine Collective Media Corporation (PCMC; officially known in their documents as Philippine CollectiveMedia Corporation) is a Philippine broadcast media company. Its headquarters are located in Barangay South Triangle, Quezon City, with offices in Makati and Tacloban. It owns a number of radio stations across the country under the FM Radio Philippines (Favorite Music Radio) network and AM radio station DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 (under joint-venture with ABS-CBN), as well as television stations PRTV Prime Media and PRTV.
Diocese of Dharmapuri
The Diocese of Dharmapuri (Latin: Dharmapurien(sis)) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Dharmapuri, India, in the ecclesiastical province of Pondicherry and Cuddalore. The diocese administers to the political region of Dharmapuri district and Krishnagiri district.

Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore (Latin: Archidioecesis Pondicheriensis et Cuddalorensis) is a Latin metropolitan see of the Catholic Church of Pondicherry and Cuddalore in India.
Gekido
Gekido (released as Gekido: Urban Fighters in NA and PAL regions) is a beat 'em up video game for the PlayStation console, created by Italian studio NAPS Team. The game uses a fast-paced beat 'em up system and a 3D side scrolling gameplay, with many bosses and a colorful design in terms of graphics. The game features the music of Fatboy Slim and Apartment 26.  Marvel comic book artist Joe Madureira also contributed. Versions of Gekido were also planned for the Game Boy Color and N-Gage but were never released. NAPS team released the prototype of the Game Boy Color game on February 13, 2017.

It was later followed by a GBA sequel called Gekido Advance: Kintaro's Revenge, which was re-released for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows in 2018. A second sequel, entitled Gekido: The Dark Angel, was cancelled.

Gekido Advance: Kintaro's Revenge
Gekido Advance: Kintaro's Revenge is a beat 'em up game for the Game Boy Advance, created by Italian studio NAPS Team. It is a sequel to the PlayStation game Gekido. Unlike the previous installment, this game centers on one protagonist, instead of multiple characters as seen in Gekido. A version for N-Gage was planned but never released.

In 2018, Gekido: Kintaro's Revenge was re-released for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.