hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Sea Germanic
North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic (/ˌɪŋviːˈɒnɪk/ ING-vee-ON-ik), is a subgrouping of West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants. These languages share a number of commonalities, such as a single plural ending for all persons of the verb, the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law, common changes to the Germanic vowel *a, a plural form -as, and a number of other features which make scholars believe they form a distinct group within West Germanic.

It is debated whether the shared features of North Sea Germanic are inherited from a common proto-language or formed through later contact and influence. Additionally, the membership of the group is sometimes debated. Some scholars exclude Low German for lacking a number of features associated with North Sea Germanic. Other scholars include Dutch for sharing some features with the group.

Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
In historical linguistics, the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (also called the Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic nasal spirant law) is a description of a phonological development that occurred in the Ingvaeonic dialects of the West Germanic languages. This includes Old English, Old Frisian, and Old Saxon, and to a lesser degree Old Dutch (Old Low Franconian).
Zushi Games
Zushi Games was a British video game publisher. Based in Sheffield, Zushi is the owner of the multi-million-selling Premier Manager series and best known for Alien Hominid. Zushi published titles for the Nintendo DS, Wii, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, PC and Xbox.

Premier Manager
Premier Manager is a series of a football management simulation video games started in 1992. Published by Gremlin Interactive, it was first developed by Realms of Fantasy, later passed to Spanish company Dinamic Multimedia. The later games were later published and developed by Zoo Digital Publishing (later renamed as Zushi Games), who bought the rights from Infogrames and hired some members of the original Gremlin staff. The latest releases in the series were developed by Urbanscan Limited, a company established by Gremlin founder Ian Stewart.
Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.

Liverpool City Region Combined Authority
The Liverpool City Region Combined Authority (LCRCA) is the strategic authority for the Liverpool City Region, which comprises the five metropolitan boroughs of the county of Merseyside and the borough of Halton from the county of Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2014 and has since acquired powers and responsibilities over the region's transport, economic development and regeneration, culture and tourism, energy, justice, and health. Bodies such as Merseytravel are responsible for delivery of these services and report to the combined authority.

The combined authority has nine members. The Mayor of the Liverpool City Region leads the authority and is a voting member. Each of the six councils within the city region appoints a voting member, and the Merseyside Police and Crime Commissioner and the chair of the Liverpool City Region Business and Enterprise Board are non-voting members.
Concord (political party)
Concord (Catalan: Concòrdia) is an Andorran progressive political party formed in 2022 with the aim of standing in the 2023 parliamentary election. It proposes curbing foreign investment in the real estate sector and rationalizing housing prices, and has been critical of the association agreement with the European Union, demanding a new approach for the European single market and micro-states. They are also advocates for the preservation of natural heritage.

Concord is headed by two co-presidents, since 5 February 2024 they are Núria Segués and Sílvia Mosquera. At least one president must always not hold an elected position to separate the institutional influence of the party organization.

The new party won five seats in the 2023 Andorran parliamentary election in April.

2023 Andorran parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 2 April 2023. The ruling liberal-conservative coalition of the Democrats for Andorra (DA) and Committed Citizens (CC) led by Prime Minister Xavier Espot won an absolute majority of seats, the fourth consecutive election victory for the DA. A new party, Concord, emerged in second place, taking the opposition leadership previously held by the Social Democratic Party, which fell to third place by losing four seats.
Eucharistic Crusade
The Eucharistic Crusade (EUC; French: Croisade Eucharistique, CE) is a Catholic youth movement devoted to cultivating in children and young people a reverent and affectionate devotion to the Eucharist. Founded in the early twentieth century, it became firmly established throughout Europe and beyond, and is recognised as the predecessor of the Eucharistic Youth Movement (EYM). In sundry Catholic communities, including the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), the EUC continues as a renewal and preservation of the original movement rather than as a distinct and separate foundation.

Eucharistic Youth Movement
The Eucharistic Youth Movement (EYM) is an international Catholic educational movement oriented to youth, originated in 1914 in France as the Eucharistic Crusade. It began its pedagogical renewal in 1962, calling itself the Eucharistic Youth Movement. It is the youth branch of the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network.

This movement is made up of young people from 5 to 25 years of age and is present in more than 59 countries. It finds its roots in the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network (recreation of Apostleship of Prayer) and is inspired by the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius.
Stacy Osei-Kuffour
Stacy Amma Osei-Kuffour (born April 18, 1987) is an American playwright, actress, and writer known for her work on Watchmen and PEN15.

She was nominated for an Primetime Emmy Award in 2019 for PEN15 and received a Writers Guild of America Award for her work on Watchmen.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.
Archdiocese of Buenos Aires
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Buenos Aires (Archidioecesis Metropolitae Bonaerensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Argentina. It is a metropolitan archdiocese with 13 suffragan sees in the country, including two Eastern Catholic eparchies.

The Metropolitan Archbishopric of Buenos Aires was the Primatial see (protocollary first-rank) of Argentina, although the incumbent Metropolitan may be outranked by Cardinals or more senior ones. On 13 March 2013, Cardinal Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected pope, taking the name of Francis. On 22 July 2024, the primatial see of Argentina was transferred to the Archdiocese of Santiago del Estero. The current archbishop, since 26 May 2023, is Jorge Ignacio García Cuerva.

Diocese of Avellaneda-Lanús
The Latin Rite Catholic Diocese of Avellaneda-Lanús (erected 10 April 1961, as the Diocese of Avellaneda) is in Argentina and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires. It was renamed on 24 April 2001.
Estany de l'Illa
Estany de l'Illa (meaning "Island Lake/Pond" in Catalan) is a small glacial lake and dam situated in the Gargantillar hills, in the Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley, in the Parish of Encamp, Andorra. It lies at an altitude of 2,515 metres (8,251 ft) and has an area of about 13 hectares (32 acres), and is sourced by the Madriu River. It lies along a popular hiking route during the summer months, which commences at the  Grau Roig and crosses the Portella dels Pessons. The dam at Estany de l'Illa was completed in 1955, and a refuge to the southwest of the lake was built in the 1990s.

Encamp
Encamp (Catalan pronunciation: [aŋˈkam]) is one of the parishes of Andorra, located on the Valira d'Orient river. It is also the name of the main town in the parish. Other settlements include Vila, El Pas de la Casa, El Tremat, La Mosquera and Les Bons. As of 2004, it has about 11,800 inhabitants. The centre of the municipality lies 1,226 metres (4,020 ft) above sea level. The highest mountain in the parish is Pic dels Pessons (2,865 m or 9,400 ft). It borders France and Spain.
Duke Gardens (New Jersey)
Duke Gardens in Somerset County, New Jersey, were among the most significant glass house collections in America. Created by Doris Duke, they were larger than the New York Botanical Garden's Enid A. Haupt Conservatory, and were open to the public from 1964. They were closed by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation on or before May 25, 2008, and the plant material was donated to public gardens throughout the United States. After the restructuring, parts of the garden remained onsite as part of the Duke Farms, which allows access to over 1,000 acres to visitors and researchers.

Duke Farms
Duke Farms previously served as an estate that was established by James Buchanan Duke, an American entrepreneur who founded Duke Power and the American Tobacco Company, and owned by his daughter, Doris Duke. Located in Hillsborough, New Jersey, the property is operated and managed by the Doris Duke Foundation after the death of Doris Duke, James B. Duke's daughter and the second owner. After extensive reorganization, Duke Farms was opened to the public on May 19, 2012.
Aparan
Aparan (Armenian: Ապարան [ɑpɑˈɾɑn], colloquially [ɑbɑˈɾɑn]) is a town in the Aparan Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia, about 50 kilometers northwest of the capital Yerevan. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town was 6,451. As per the 2016 official estimate, Aparan had a population of around 5,300. As of the 2022 census, the population of the town was 5,803.

Aragatsotn Province
Aragatsotn (Armenian: Արագածոտն, Armenian pronunciation: [ɑɾɑɡɑˈt͡sɔtən] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the western part of the country. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ashtarak. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population was 128,941 in the 2022 census.
4th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 4th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) was a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active from its creation in January 1983 until its destruction in September that year, in the wake of the Mountain War.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
Ellesmere Port
Ellesmere Port (/ˈɛlzmɪər/ ELZ-meer) is an industrial port town in the Cheshire West and Chester borough in Cheshire, England. Ellesmere Port is on the south-eastern edge of the Wirral Peninsula, six miles (ten kilometres) north of Chester, although not part of the Wirral  administratively or Merseyside. It is on the bank of the Manchester Ship Canal. In the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 65,430.

The town was originally established on the River Mersey at the entrance to the Ellesmere Canal.  As well as a service sector economy, it has retained large industries including Stanlow oil refinery, a chemical works and the Vauxhall Motors car factory. There are also a number of tourist attractions including the National Waterways Museum, the Blue Planet Aquarium and Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet.

Blue Planet Aquarium
The Blue Planet Aquarium is a marine and freshwater aquarium located by the Cheshire Oaks retail and leisure complex in Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England. When opened by the Queen Elizabeth II in July 1998, it was the largest aquarium in the United Kingdom, and is still the largest in North West England. The £12 million building was designed by Manchester-based Buttress Fuller Alsop architects to resemble the shape of a crashing wave. It was built by Cheshire-based developer Deep Sea Leisure (now owned by Aspro Parks), who also built Deep Sea World in North Queensferry, Scotland.

Its stated aim is to "enlighten, increase knowledge and raise interest in the marine environment using an interactive, entertaining and sustainable approach."
Hilary Devey
Hilary Lorraine Devey CBE (née Brewster; 10 March 1957 – 11 June 2022) was an English businesswoman and television personality best known for her role on the BBC Two programme Dragons' Den until she left to present the Channel 4 series The Intern.

Dragons' Den (British TV programme)
Dragons' Den is a British reality television business programme, presented by Evan Davis and based upon the original Japanese series. The show allows several entrepreneurs an opportunity to present their varying business ideas to a panel of five wealthy investors, the "Dragons" of the show's title, and pitch for financial investment while offering a stake of the company in return.

The first episode was broadcast on BBC Two on 4 January 2005. After 16 series on the channel, the show has been broadcast on BBC One since 2021. Reruns of previous episodes are still broadcast on BBC Two. The programme is produced by BBC Studios Factual Entertainment Productions and co-produced with Sony Pictures Television International, the owners of the format that is distributed worldwide. The show was also broadcast by UKTV channel Dave during the daytime and late nights between 2007 and 2013.
Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa (Somdej Chao Maha Uparaja Petsaraj Ratanavongsa (Lao: ສົມເດັຈເຈົ້າ ມຫາ ອຸປຣາຊ ເພັຊຣາຊ ຣັຕນວົງສາ) (19 January 1890 – 14 October 1959) was the 1st Prime Minister of Luang Phrabang in French Laos from 21 August 1941 to 10 October 1945, and Head of State of Laos between 12 October 1945 and 24 April 1946.

Lao Issara
The Lao Issara (Lao: ລາວອິສຣະ lit. 'Free Laos') was an anti-French nationalist movement formed on 12 October 1945 by Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa. The short-lived movement emerged after the Japanese defeat in World War II and became the government of Laos before the return of the French. It aimed to prevent the French from restoring their control over Laos. The group disbanded in 1949.
Xodus
Xodus: The New Testament is the second studio album by American hip hop group X Clan. It was released on May 19, 1992, via Polydor Records. The recording sessions took place at I.N.S. Studios and Quadrasonic Studio in New York. The album was produced by X Clan. It peaked at number 31 on the Billboard 200 and number 11 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. It featured three singles: "Fire & Earth", "Xodus" and "A.D.A.M.".

X Clan
X Clan (formerly stylized as XCLAN and often incorrectly spelled X-Clan) is an American hip hop group from Brooklyn, New York, originally consisting of Brother J, Professor X, Paradise and Sugar Shaft. The current incarnation of the group features Brother J, Master China, Kumu, "Ultraman" Ra Hanna, ACL, Lord Cza, DJ Fat Jack and Zulu.
Endolymph
Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The major cation in endolymph is potassium, with the values of sodium and potassium concentration in the endolymph being 0.91 mM and 154 mM, respectively. It is also called Scarpa's fluid, after Antonio Scarpa.

Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:

The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The vestibular system, dedicated to balance.

The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.
Matt Thorr
Matt Thorne, also known as Matt Thorr, is an American bassist who has played in the glam metal bands Ratt, Rough Cutt, and Jailhouse. He co-wrote the song "Back for More" with Stephen Pearcy on Ratt's album Out of the Cellar (1984). He owns MT Studios for BlueThumbProductions in Burbank, California, where he has produced, engineered and mixed albums for artists such as The Eels, Trapt, and 8th Day.

Ratt
Ratt (stylized as RATT) was an American glam metal band that had significant commercial success in the 1980s, with their albums having been certified as gold, platinum and multi-platinum by the RIAA. The group is perhaps best known for hit singles such as "Round and Round" and "Lay It Down", tracks that ranked on Billboard's top 40 at No. 12 and No. 40, respectively, as well as other songs such as "Wanted Man", "You're in Love" and "Dance". Along with bands such as friendly rivals Mötley Crüe, Ratt has been recognized as instrumental in the formation of the early 1980s Los Angeles glam metal scene, also known as "hair metal" or "pop metal".

The band toured and recorded sporadically from the 1990s to 2021 with many extended breaks and line-up changes. They released their final studio album, Infestation, in April 2010.

In 2020, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included them in his list of "the 20 greatest hair metal bands of all time".
Potosí mountain range
The Potosí mountain range in Bolivia is situated east and southeast of the city of Potosí. It is at least 25 km long stretching from north to south. Its highest mountain is Khunurana (Anaruyu) rising up to 5,071 m (16,637 ft). The features of the range are considered the product of volcanic activity known as the Khari Khari caldera (19º43'S; 65º38'W). The caldera is about 40 km long and 25 km at its widest point.

The range was named Cordillera de Potosí  by the German alpinist Henry Hoek in 1903. He collected information about the range like the local names and published several papers about it. The inhabitants of the area, however, use the names Khari Khari for the northern part and Anta Q'awa for the southern one. The two sections are separated by a depression, the Jach'a Molino Pampa.

Khunurana (Bolivia)
Khunurana (Aymara for a variety of potato of the qhini group, hispanicized spelling Cunurana) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia located about 20 km south of Potosí in the Potosí Department in the north of the José María Linares Province. It is the highest peak in the Potosí mountain range rising to 5,071 m (16,637 ft).

Khunurana lies southeast of the mountain Hundimiento, between the lake Santa Catalina and Mount Q'umir Qucha in the west and the Yana Urqu ridge in the east. The two small lakes north of it are Q'umir Qucha and Muyu Qucha.
Chiswell Langhorne
Colonel Chiswell Dabney Langhorne (November 4, 1843 – February 14, 1919) was an American railroad industrialist. He was the father of Nancy Witcher Langhorne and the maternal grandfather of both Joyce Grenfell and Michael Langhorne Astor.

Joyce Grenfell
Joyce Irene Grenfell (née Phipps; 10 February 1910 – 30 November 1979) was an English diseuse, singer, actress and writer. She was known for the songs and monologues she wrote and performed, at first in revues and later in her solo shows. She never appeared as a stage actress, but had roles, mostly comic, in many films, including Miss Gossage in The Happiest Days of Your Life (1950) and Police Sergeant Ruby Gates in the St Trinian's series (from 1954). She was a well-known broadcaster on radio and television. As a writer, she was the first radio critic for The Observer, contributed to Punch and published two volumes of memoirs.

Born to an affluent Anglo-American family, Grenfell had abandoned early hopes of becoming an actress until she was invited to perform a comic monologue in a West End revue in 1939. Its success led to a career as an entertainer, giving her creations in theatres in five continents between 1940 and 1969.
Trarza region
Trarza (Arabic: ولاية الترارزة, romanized: Wilāyat al-Tarārizah) is a region in southwest Mauritania. Its capital is Rosso. Other major cities and towns include Mederdra and Boutilimit. Trarza borders the regions of Inchiri and Adrar to the north, Brakna to the east, and the country of Senegal to the south. Its western coastline on the Atlantic Ocean is interrupted only by the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott, which the region completely surrounds.

In 2013, the population of the region was 272,773, compared to 345,076 in 2011. There were 47.79 per cent females and 52.21 per cent males.

In 2008, the activity rate was 42.60, and the economic dependency ratio was 0.99. The literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 79.0 per cent.

Inchiri region
Inchiri (Arabic: ولاية إينشيري, romanized: Wilāyat Inshiri) is a region in western Mauritania. Its capital and only city is Akjoujt. It borders the regions of Adrar to the east, Trarza to the south, and Dakhlet Nouadhibou to the north and west, along with a short Atlantic Ocean coastline. The region is known for its rich copper deposits, and therefore is heavily mined. According to the World Health Organization, there is a malaria risk during the rainy season, which lasts from July to October. Former president Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was born and raised in Akjoujt.
Nambu Line
The Nambu Line (Japanese: 南武線, romanized: Nanbu-sen) is a Japanese railway line which connects Tachikawa Station in Tachikawa, Tokyo and Kawasaki Station in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. For most of its length, it parallels the Tama River, the natural border between Tokyo and Kanagawa prefectures. It lies along the Tama Hills. It is part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) network. The line forms part of what JR East refers to as the "Tokyo Mega Loop" (Japanese: 東京メガループ) around Tokyo, consisting of the Keiyo Line, Musashino Line, Nambu Line, and the Yokohama Line. The name refers to the southern (Japanese: 南) part of the ancient province of Musashi (Japanese: 武蔵) (now Tokyo and northern Kanagawa prefecture), through which the Nambu Line runs.

Ōme Line
The Ōme Line (青梅線, Ōme-sen) is a railway line operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in western Tokyo, Japan. It links Tachikawa and the Chūō Line with the town of Okutama. Many Chūō Line trains operate via the Ōme Line to Ōme Station, providing a direct service to Tokyo Station.

The section between Ōme and Oku-Tama is now nicknamed as the "Tokyo Adventure Line (東京アドベンチャーライン)".