hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Aquatics Women's Challenger Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Challenger Cup, formerly the LEN Women's Challenger Cup is a water polo club competition organised by the Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN). It acts as the third tier, below the LEN Women's Champions League and the LEN Women's Euro Cup. Its first season will commence in 2023–24.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the 'European Aquatics Women's Challenger Cup.

European Aquatics Euro Cup
The European Aquatics Euro Cup is the second-tier European water polo club competition run by the European Aquatics for those clubs who did not qualify for the European Aquatics Champions League. The cup was inaugurated in 1992. From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Euro Cup.
State Duma (Russian Empire)
The State Duma, also known as the Imperial Duma, was the lower house of the legislature in the Russian Empire, while the upper house was the State Council. It held its meetings in the Tauride Palace in Saint Petersburg. It convened four times between 27 April 1906 and the collapse of the empire in February 1917. The first and the second dumas were more democratic and represented a greater number of nationalities and groups than their successors. The third duma was dominated by gentry, landowners, and businessmen. The fourth duma held five sessions; it existed until 2 March 1917, and was formally dissolved on 6 October 1917.

State Council (Russian Empire)
The State Council (Russian: Госуда́рственный сове́т, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy sovet, IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj sɐˈvʲet]) was the supreme state advisory body to the tsar in the Russian Empire. From 1906, it was the upper house of the parliament under the Russian Constitution of 1906.
Formula 1 98
Formula 1 98 is a 1998 racing video game developed by Visual Science and published by Psygnosis for the PlayStation. It is the sequel to the 1997 game Formula 1 97 and was based on the 1998 Formula One World Championship. It is the first game in the Formula One series to not be released for Windows.

Formula 1 97
Formula 1 97 (known as Formula 1 Championship Edition in North America) is a 1997 racing video game developed by Bizarre Creations and published by Psygnosis for the PlayStation and Microsoft Windows. It is the sequel to the 1996 game Formula 1 and was based on the 1997 Formula One World Championship. This was the last Formula One game to be made by Bizarre Creations, who moved on to create the successful Metropolis Street Racer for the Dreamcast and Project Gotham Racing for the Xbox; development would move on to Visual Science and eventually Studio 33.
RAC Limited
RAC Limited, called The RAC, is a British automotive services company headquartered in Walsall, West Midlands. Its principal services are roadside assistance and general insurance, and its subsidiaries include RAC Motoring Services Ltd, RAC Financial Services Ltd and RAC Insurance Limited. It was a private club owned by its members until sold in 1999, eventually acquired in 2014 and 2015  by GIC Private Limited and CVC Capital Partners. In 2022 Silver Lake acquired a stake in the group while leaving GIC and CVC as major stakeholders.

The RAC's main competitors are The AA and Green Flag.

The AA
AA Limited, trading as The AA, is a British motoring association.

Founded in 1905, it provides vehicle insurance, driving lessons, breakdown cover, loans, motoring advice, road maps and other services. The association demutualised in 1999, to become a private limited company, and from 2014 a public limited company (PLC). In 2002 the AA Motoring Trust was created to continue its public interest and road safety activities.

In 2021, a consortium led by Tower Brook Capital Partners and Warburg Pincus completed the acquisition of AA Limited (formerly known as AA PLC).
Verio
Verio is a global web hosting provider headquartered in the United States. Incorporated in 1996 in Denver, Colorado, it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Communications, which acquired the company in 2000. Verio was formed from a consolidation of over 200 smaller Internet service providers (ISPs) and web hosting services.

NTT Docomo Business
NTT Docomo Business, Inc. (NTTドコモビジネス株式会社, Enutiti Dokomo Bijinesu Kabushiki-gaisha), previously known as NTT Communications Corporation (エヌ・ティ・ティ・コミュニケーションズ株式会社, Enutiti Komyunikēshonzu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese telecommunications company owned by NTT. It operates an international network across over 190 countries and regions, with locations in more than 70 countries and regions. The company has approximately 5,500 employees (NTT Communications Group: 11,500 employees) as of March 2020. Its headquarters are located in the Otemachi Place West tower, Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

NTT Communications Corporation was founded in July 1999 as a subsidiary of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. NTT Communications provides network management, telecommunication services such as VPN, and communications technology (ICT) services including cloud, consulting, and managing services for companies and government agencies.
I-SMAD
I-SMAD or Inhibitor SMAD is a subclass of SMADs that are involved in the modulation of transforming growth factor beta ligands. This class includes SMAD6 and SMAD7. They compete with SMAD4 and consequently regulate the transcription of its gene products.

SMAD (protein)
Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth. The abbreviation refers to the homologies to the Caenorhabditis elegans SMA ("small" worm phenotype) and MAD family ("Mothers Against Decapentaplegic") of genes in Drosophila.

There are three distinct sub-types of Smads: receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), common partner Smads (Co-Smads), and inhibitory Smads (I-Smads). The eight members of the Smad family are divided among these three groups. Trimers of two receptor-regulated SMADs and one co-SMAD act as transcription factors that regulate the expression of certain genes.
2010 Maryland House of Delegates election
The 2010 Maryland House of Delegates election was held on November 2, 2010, electing all 141 members of the chamber. This coincided with the election of all 47 of Maryland's state senators, along with other statewide offices.

2010 Maryland Senate election
The 2010 Maryland Senate election were held on November 2, 2010, to elect senators in all 47 districts of the Maryland Senate. Members were elected in single-member constituencies to four-year terms. These elections were held concurrently with various federal and state elections, including for Governor of Maryland.
Down Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Down Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Morgan Fuels Down Intermediate Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Down IHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Down County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association for the second tier hurling teams in County Down in Northern Ireland.

In its current format, the Down Intermediate Championship begins with a group stage. The four group stage teams play each other in a round-robin system. The top two teams in the group proceed to the knockout stage, where they are joined by the bottom two teams from the Down SHC. The final is usually played at Páirc Esler in Newry. The winner of the Down Intermediate Hurling Championship qualifies for the subsequent Ulster Intermediate Club Championship.

Bredagh are the title holders after defeating Carryduff by 4-17 to 1-16 in the 2024 final.

Down Senior Hurling Championship
The Down Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Morgan Fuels Down GAA Senior Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Down SHC) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Down GAA clubs. The Down County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1903. Ballycran won the 2021 championship defeating Portaferry in the Final after extra time.

Portaferry are the title holders, defeating Ballycran by 0-20 to 0-16 in the 2023 final.
Ramon Magsaysay
Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. QSC GCGH KGE GCC (August 31, 1907 – March 17, 1957) was the seventh president of the Philippines, serving from 1953 until his death in 1957. An automobile mechanic by profession, Magsaysay was appointed military governor of Zambales after his outstanding service as a guerrilla leader during the Pacific War. He then served two terms as Liberal Party congressman for Zambales's at-large district before being appointed Secretary of National Defense by President Elpidio Quirino. He was eventually elected as president under the banner of the Nacionalista Party, the youngest to be elected to the position, and second youngest overall (after Emilio Aguinaldo). He was the first Philippine president born in the 20th century and the first to be born after the Spanish colonial era. Magsaysay died in a plane crash on March 17, 1957, in Cebu. His successor, Carlos P. Garcia, assumed the presidency. He is the most recent Philippine president to have died in office.

Carlos P. Garcia
Carlos Polestico Garcia KR (Tagalog: [ˈkaːɾ.los poˌlɛːs.tɪˈxo gɐɾˈsiː.ɐ]; November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971), often referred to by his initials CPG, was the eighth president of the Philippines, serving from 1957 to 1961. He served as the fourth Vice President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957.

A lawyer by profession, Garcia entered politics when he became the representative of Bohol’s 3rd district in the House of Representatives. He then served as a senator from 1945 to 1953.

He was the Nacionalista's nominee for vice president as the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the presidential election of 1953, which they won. After the death of Magsaysay in 1957, he succeeded to the presidency, winning a full term in his own right in the presidential election that same year. He was subsequently defeated by his vice president Diosdado Macapagal in the 1961 presidential election.
Chōdenji Robo Combattler V
Combattler V, full name Chōdenji Robo Combattler V (超電磁（ちょうでんじ）ロボ コン・バトラーV（ブイ）, Chōdenji Robo Konbatorā Bui; lit. Super Electromagnetic Robot Combattler V), is a Japanese mecha anime television series produced by Toei Company and animated by Soeisha (later renamed as Nippon Sunrise) that aired from 1976 to 1977. It is the first part of the Robot Romance Trilogy of super robot series created by Saburo Yatsude and directed by Tadao Nagahama.

The robot's name is a portmanteau of "combine", "combat", and "battle", and the V is intended both as an abbreviation for "victory" and in reference to the five component machines that form the robot, as well as its five pilots. The V is pronounced as the letter V, unlike in the spiritual successor, Voltes V, where it is pronounced "five".

The show follows the adventures and battles of the Battle Team, a group of young pilots, as they battle against the Campbell Empire from outer space.

Voltes V
Super Electromagnetic Machine Voltes V (Japanese: 超電磁マシーン ボルテスV（ファイブ）, Hepburn: Chōdenji Mashīn Borutesu Faibu), popularly known as simply Voltes V  (pronounced as "Voltez Five") is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Company and animated by Nippon Sunrise (now known as Bandai Namco Filmworks and formerly known as Soeisha). It is the second installment of the Robot Romance Trilogy. It is directed by Tadao Nagahama and produced by Yoshiyuki Tomino. It aired on TV Asahi and its affiliates from June 4 1977 to March 25 1978.

Voltes V grew into a cultural phenomenon in the Philippines since its airing in the country in 1978, and had achieved popularity as well in Indonesia and Cuba. A Philippine live-action adaptation, Voltes V: Legacy, premiered on GMA Network in May 2023; it was preceded by the film Voltes V: Legacy – The Cinematic Experience, which compiled its initial few episodes, in April 2023.
2023 Khakas head election
The 2023 Khakassia head election took place on 8–10 September 2023, on common election day, coinciding with 2023 Khakassia Supreme Council election. Incumbent Head Valentin Konovalov was elected to a second term in office.

2023 Khakassia Supreme Council election
The 2023 Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia election took place on 8–10 September 2023, on common election day, coinciding with 2023 Khakassia head election. All 50 seats in the Supreme Council were up for reelection.
Brussels Monetary Conference (1892)
The International Monetary Conference of 1892 was the fourth of a series of international monetary conferences, held in Brussels in November and December 1892. It was chaired by Belgian Senator Georges Montefiore-Levi.: 203

International Monetary and Economic Conferences
The international monetary and economic conferences were a series of gatherings held in the last third of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, culminating in the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944. The first four conferences in the 19th century focused on matters of coinage and the markets for gold and silver. After World War I, the scope of the conferences was expanded to matters of financial stability, then trade and economics more broadly; the two iterations in 1927 and 1933 were branded World Economic Conference. The latter of these, the London Economic Conference of 1933, ended in significant failure, and the formula of periodical international conferences was subsequently abandoned in favor of the permanent international financial institutions of the post-World War II order.
BBC Four
BBC Four is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It was launched on 2 March 2002 and shows a wide variety of programmes including arts, documentaries, music, international film and drama, and current affairs. It is required by its licence to air at least 100 hours of new arts and music programmes, 110 hours of new factual programmes, and to premiere twenty foreign films each year. The channel broadcasts daily from 7:00 pm to 4:00 am, timesharing with CBeebies (which starts at 6:00 am).

CBeebies
CBeebies is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content targeted for children aged six years and under. Its sister channel, CBBC, is intended for older children aged six to twelve. It broadcasts every day from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Four.
Paistunturi Wilderness Area
Paistunturi Wilderness Area (Finnish: Paistunturin erämaa) is a wilderness reserve in Lapland, Finland. It is governed by Metsähallitus and covers 1,570 square kilometres (610 mi2). It was established in 1991 like all the other wilderness areas in Lapland.

Wilderness areas of Finland
The wilderness areas (Finnish: Erämaa-alueet, Swedish: Ödemarksområden) of Finland are remote areas which are not strictly nature reserves. The areas were set up in 1991 to preserve their wilderness character, the Sami culture and their natural form of livelihood. There are 12 such areas, all of which are located in northern Lapland. The reserves cover an area of 14,890 square kilometres (5,750 sq mi). All the reserves are managed by the Metsähallitus (Forest Administration).

Hammastunturi Wilderness Area

Kaldoaivi Wilderness Area

Kemihaara Wilderness Area

Käsivarsi Wilderness Area

Muotkatunturi Wilderness Area

Paistunturi Wilderness Area

Pulju Wilderness Area

Pöyrisjärvi Wilderness Area

Tarvantovaara Wilderness Area

Tsarmitunturi Wilderness Area

Tuntsa Wilderness Area

Vätsäri Wilderness Area
Turkish Women's Football First League
The Turkish Women's First Football League (Turkish: Kadınlar 1. Futbol Ligi) is the second-tier league competition for women's association football in Turkey. It was the first tier female football competition until the establishment of the Turkish Women's Football Super League in 2022.

Turkish Women's Football Super League
The Turkcell Women's Football Super League (Turkish: Turkcell Kadın Futbol Süper Ligi), is the top level women's football league of Turkey. In the 2024–25 season, 14 teams play a double round robin to decide a champion club, which qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League.

Formerly known as the First Women's Football League, the league was renamed to Turkcell Women's Super League (Turkish: Turkcell Kadın Süper Ligi) starting from the 2021–22 season, after a sponsorship agreement with the Turkish mobile phone operator Turkcell signed by the Turkish Football Federation on 8 March 2021, the International Women's Day.
Fennel
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is indigenous to the shores of the Mediterranean but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea coast and on riverbanks.

It is a highly flavorful herb used in cooking and, along with the similar-tasting anise, is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. Florence fennel or finocchio (UK: /fɪˈnɒkioʊ/, US: /-ˈnoʊk-/, Italian: [fiˈnɔkkjo]) is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base (sometimes called bulb fennel) that is used as a vegetable.

Anise
Anise (/ˈænɪs/; Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.

The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise, fennel, liquorice, and tarragon. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food, candy, and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean.
Lin Hei'er
Lin Hei'er (Chinese: 林黑兒; 1871 – 1900?) was a Chinese rebel during the Boxer Rebellion, known as the Holy Mother of the Yellow Lotus (Chinese: 黃蓮聖母). She was an acrobat with martial arts knowledge who became a member of the Yihetuan. During the Boxer Rebellion, she organized and commanded the Red Lantern unit of female soldiers in Tianjin.

Red Lanterns (Boxer Uprising)
The Red Lanterns (traditional Chinese: 紅燈照; simplified Chinese: 红灯照; pinyin: Hóng Dēng Zhào) were a women's fighting group organized during the Boxer Uprising of 1900. Villagers said these women had supernatural powers which helped to protect the male Boxers and fight against foreign enemies.
Westland Wasp
The Westland Wasp is a small 1960s British turbine-powered, shipboard anti-submarine helicopter. Produced by Westland Helicopters, it came from the same Saunders-Roe P.531 programme as the British Army Westland Scout, and is based on the earlier piston-engined Saunders-Roe Skeeter. It fulfilled the requirement of the Royal Navy for a helicopter small enough to land on the deck of a frigate and carry a useful load of two homing torpedoes.

Saro P.531
The Saro P.531 (or Saunders-Roe P.531) is a British all-metal five-seat helicopter designed and built by Saunders-Roe Limited (Saro). The P.531 was a larger development of the two-seat Saro Skeeter to use turbine power and formed the basis of the military Westland Scout and Westland Wasp helicopters.
Latium Vetus
Latium Vetus or Latium Antiquum (English: Old Latium) is a region of the Italian Peninsula bounded to the north by the Tiber River, to the east by the central Apennine Mountains, to the west by the Mediterranean Sea and to the south by Monte Circeo. It was the territory of the Latins, an Italic tribe which included the early inhabitants of the city of Rome. Later it was also settled by various Italic tribes such as the Rutulians, Volscians, Aequi, and Hernici. The region was referred to as "old" to distinguish it from the expanded region, Latium, that included the region to the south of Old Latium, between Monte Circeo and the river Garigliano – the so-called Latium adiectum ("attached Latium"). It corresponded to the central part of the modern administrative region of Lazio, Italy, and it covered an area measuring of roughly 50 Roman miles. It was calculated by Mommsen that the region's area was about 1860 square kilometres.

Latium adiectum
Latium adiectum or Latium adjectum (Latin for "Attached" or "Extended Latium") or Latium Novum ("New Latium") was a region of Roman Italy between Monte Circeo and the river Garigliano, south of and immediately adjacent to Old Latium and included with it under the Roman Empire.
Torsion mangonel myth
The torsion mangonel myth, or simply the myth of the mangonel, is the belief that the mangonel (or traction trebuchet) was a torsion siege engine which used the tension effect of twisted cords to shoot projectiles. As an extension of the concept of a torsion-powered mangonel, some believe it was used as a siege weapon until the arrival of gunpowder artillery or that it was the only or primary siege artillery before gunpowder. In reality, the vast body of contemporary evidence in art and documents point to the mangonel being a machine operated on manpower-pulling cords attached to a lever and sling to launch projectiles. Evidence for the usage of torsion siege weapons such as the onager exist only up until the 6th century, when they were superseded by traction artillery (with the exception of the springald).

Despite a significant body of research dating as far back as the 19th century pointing to the contrary, "it has not stopped the transmission of the myth to the present day."

Mangonel
The mangonel, also called the traction trebuchet, was a type of trebuchet used in Ancient China starting from the Warring States period, and later across Eurasia by the 6th century AD. Unlike the later counterweight trebuchet, the mangonel was operated by people pulling ropes attached to one end of a lever, the other end of which had a sling to launch projectiles.

Although the mangonel required more men to function, it was also less complex and faster to reload than the torsion-powered onager which it replaced in early Medieval Europe. It was replaced as the primary siege weapon in the 12th and 13th centuries by the counterweight trebuchet. A common misconception about the mangonel is that it was a torsion siege engine.
Field Naturalists Society of South Australia
The Field Naturalists Society of South Australia was founded in 1883 as a section of the Royal Society of South Australia, and whose aims were to further the cause of the natural sciences in the colony. It was incorporated in 1959 and is still active. Membership is open to the public on application.

The club is a member of the Australian Naturalists' Network.

Royal Society of South Australia
The Royal Society of South Australia (RSSA) is a learned society whose interest is in science, particularly, but not only, of South Australia. The major aim of the society is the promotion and diffusion of scientific knowledge, particularly in relation to natural sciences. The society was originally the Adelaide Philosophical Society, founded on 10 January 1853. The title "Royal" was granted by Queen Victoria in October 1880 and the society changed its name to its present name at this time. It was incorporated in 1883. It also operates under the banner Science South Australia.
Kevin Von Erich
Kevin Ross Adkisson (born May 15, 1957) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Kevin Von Erich. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under a "Legends" deal and as a coach. A member of the Von Erich family, Adkisson is best known for his appearances with his father's World Class Championship Wrestling promotion. He is a former world champion in professional wrestling, having once held the WCWA World Heavyweight Championship.

Fritz Von Erich
Jack Barton Adkisson Sr. (August 16, 1929 – September 10, 1997), better known by his ring name Fritz Von Erich, was an American professional wrestler, wrestling promoter, and the patriarch of the Von Erich family. He was a 3-time world champion and a  20-time NWA United States Champion. He was the owner of World Class Championship Wrestling.