hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exceptional isomorphism
In mathematics, an exceptional isomorphism, also called an accidental isomorphism, is an isomorphism between members ai and bj of two families, usually infinite, of mathematical objects, which is incidental, in that it is not an instance of a general pattern of such isomorphisms. These coincidences are at times considered a matter of trivia, but in other respects they can give rise to consequential phenomena, such as exceptional objects. In the following, coincidences are organized according to the structures where they occur.

Exceptional object
In mathematics, an exceptional object is one of finitely many exceptions to some classification of objects. Many branches of mathematics study objects of a given type and prove a classification theorem. A common theme is that the classification results in a number of series of objects and a finite number of exceptions — often with desirable properties — that do not fit into any series; these are known as exceptional objects. In many cases, these exceptional objects play a further and important role in the subject. Furthermore, the exceptional objects in one branch of mathematics often relate to the exceptional objects in others.

A related phenomenon is exceptional isomorphism, when two series are in general different, but agree for some small values. For example, spin groups in low dimensions are isomorphic to other classical Lie groups.
Makwanpur District
Makwanpur District (Nepali: मकवानपुर जिल्ला; Listenⓘ), in Bagmati Province, earlier a part of Narayani Zone, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The city of Hetauda serves as the district headquarters and also as the provincial headquarters. The district covers an area of 2,426 km2 (937 sq mi) and had a population of 392,604 in 2001 and 420,477 in 2011. The latest census of 2021 recorded the population of Makwanpur as 466,073.

Hetauda
Hetauda (Nepali: हेटौडा, pronounced [heˈʈʌu̯ɽa]) is a sub-metropolitan city in Makwanpur district of  Bagmati Province in central Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of the Makwanpur District and the capital of Bagmati Province as declared by a majority (105 out of 110) of the Provincial Assembly Members on 12 January 2020. Hetauda is one of the largest cities in Nepal. At the 2015 Nepal census, it had a population of 153,875 people. The city's population grew to 193,576 in 2021.
Sylvester Graham
Sylvester Graham (July 5, 1794 – September 11, 1851) was an American Presbyterian minister and dietary reformer. He was known for his emphasis on vegetarianism, the temperance movement, and eating whole-grain bread. His preaching inspired the graham flour, graham bread, and graham cracker products.: 29  Graham is often referred to as the "Father of Vegetarianism" in the United States of America.: 15  Graham's lectures caused riots on multiple occasions.

Graham cracker
A graham cracker (pronounced /ˈɡreɪ.əm/ GRAY-əm or /ˈɡræm/ GRAM in the US) is a sweet flavored cracker made with graham flour that originated in the United States in the mid-19th century, with commercial development from about 1880, and mass production beginning in 1898 by The National Biscuit Company. It is eaten as a snack food, usually honey- or cinnamon-flavored, and is used as an ingredient in some foods, e.g., in the graham cracker crust for cheesecakes and pies.
Thihathu of Ava
Thihathu of Ava (Burmese: သီဟသူ, pronounced [θìha̰ðù]; also known as Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin Thihathu; 1394–1425) was king of Ava from 1421 to 1425. Though he opportunistically renewed the Forty Years' War with Hanthawaddy Pegu in 1422, Thihathu agreed to a peace treaty with Prince Binnya Ran in 1423. His subsequent marriage to Ran's sister Princess Shin Saw Pu helped keep the peace between the two kingdoms when Ran became king of Pegu in 1424.

Thihathu was assassinated in 1425 in a coup engineered by Queen Shin Bo-Me. He is remembered as the Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin (Burmese: အောင်ပင်လယ် ဆင်ဖြူရှင် [ʔàʊɴ bɪ̀ɴlɛ̀ sʰɪ̀ɴbjùʃɪ̀ɴ]; lit. 'Lord of the White Elephant of Aung Pinle') nat in the pantheon of Burmese nat spirits.

Forty Years' War
The Forty Years' War (Burmese: အနှစ်လေးဆယ်စစ်; 1385 – 1423; also Ava–Pegu War or the Mon–Burmese War) was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. The war was fought during two separate periods: 1385 to 1391, and 1401 to 1424, interrupted by two truces of 1391–1401 and 1403–1408. It was fought primarily in today's Lower Burma and also in Upper Burma, Shan State, and Rakhine State. It ended in a stalemate, preserving the independence of Hanthawaddy, and effectively ending Ava's efforts to rebuild the erstwhile Pagan Kingdom.
Freeman Field mutiny
The Freeman Field mutiny was a series of incidents at Freeman Army Airfield, a United States Army Air Forces base near Seymour, Indiana, in 1945 in which African American members of the 477th Bombardment Group attempted to integrate an all-white officers' club. The mutiny resulted in 162 separate arrests of black officers, some of them twice. Three were court-martialed on relatively minor charges. One, Roger C. Terry, was convicted. In 1995, the Air Force officially vindicated the actions of the African-American officers, set aside the single court-martial conviction and removed letters of reprimand from the permanent files of 15 of the officers. The mutiny is generally regarded by historians of the Civil Rights Movement as an important step toward full integration of the armed forces and as a model for later efforts to integrate public facilities through civil disobedience.

477th Fighter Group
The 477th Fighter Group is an Air Reserve unit of the United States Air Force.  It is assigned to the Tenth Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson, Alaska.  The group is an associate unit of the 3rd Wing of Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), and if mobilized the wing is gained by PACAF.
Carmen, Cotabato
Carmen, officially the Municipality of Carmen (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Carmen; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Karmin, Jawi: ايڠد نو كرمين; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Carmen; Tagalog: Bayan ng Carmen), is a municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 79,140 people.

Cotabato
Cotabato, formerly and still commonly referred to as North Cotabato and officially the Province of Cotabato, is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Kidapawan, the most populous in the province. Some of its municipalities are under the jurisdiction of the nearby Bangsamoro Autonomous Region.
Earl of Rosebery
Earl of Rosebery is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created in 1703 for Archibald Primrose, 1st Viscount of Rosebery, with remainder to his issue male and female successively. Its name comes from Roseberry Topping, a hill near Archibald's wife's estates in Yorkshire. The current earl is Harry Primrose, 8th Earl of Rosebery.

Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery
Albert Edward Harry Meyer Archibald Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery, 2nd Earl of Midlothian, KT, DSO, MC, PC, FRSE (8 January 1882 – 31 May 1974), styled Lord Dalmeny until 1929, was a British Liberal politician who briefly served as Secretary of State for Scotland in 1945. He was the Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1906 to 1910. He became the Earl of Rosebery and Midlothian in 1929 and was thus a member of the House of Lords until his death.
François Doubin
François Doubin (April 23, 1933 – June 18, 2019) was a French politician and cabinet minister. He was a member and leader of the Radical Party of the Left.

President of the Left Radical Movement (MRG) between 1985 and 1988, he became Delegate Minister for Commerce and Handicrafts and later Delegate Minister for Crafts, Commerce and Consumers in the Michel Rocard government between 1988 and 1992.

He was Mayor of Argentan between 1989 and 2001 and Lower Normandy regional councillor between 1998 and 2004.

Radical Party of the Left
The Radical Party of the Left (French: Parti radical de gauche [paʁti ʁadikal də ɡoʃ], PRG) is a social-liberal political party in France. A party in the Radical tradition, since 1972 the PRG has been a close ally of the major party of the centre-left in France, the Socialist Party (French: Parti socialiste, PS). After the 2017 presidential and legislative elections, negotiations to merge the PRG with the Radical Party (from which the PRG emerged in 1972) began and the refounding congress to reunite the parties into the Radical Movement was held on 9 and 10 December 2017. However, a faction of ex-PRG members, including its last president Sylvia Pinel, split from the Radical Movement in February 2019 due to its expected alliance with La République En Marche in the European elections and resurrected the PRG.
2022–23 NHL season
The 2022–23 NHL season was the 106th season of operation (105th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL). The regular season began on October 7, 2022, when the San Jose Sharks and the Nashville Predators played the first of two games in Prague, Czech Republic as a part of the 2022 NHL Global Series.

The playoffs concluded on June 13, with the Vegas Golden Knights defeating the Florida Panthers in the Stanley Cup Final in five games, winning their first Stanley Cup in franchise history.

2023 Stanley Cup Final
The 2023 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2022–23 season and the culmination of the 2023 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Western Conference champion Vegas Golden Knights defeated the Eastern Conference champion Florida Panthers four games to one in the best-of-seven series to earn their first championship in their sixth season. Vegas had home ice advantage in the series with the better regular season record.

The series began on June 3, and concluded on June 13. This was the first Final series since 2018 in which neither team had previously won the Stanley Cup. For the first time since before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Final ran through the first weeks of June.
Rajiv Ruparelia
Rajiv Ruparelia (2 January 1990 – 3 May 2025) was a Ugandan businessman and rally driver. He was a son to Sudhir Ruparelia and served as managing director of the Ruparelia Group, a private conglomerate in Uganda with interests in real estate, education, hospitality, and finance.

Sudhir Ruparelia
Sudhir Ruparelia (born 17 January 1956) is a Ugandan business magnate and investor. He is the chairman and majority shareholder in the Ruparelia Group companies. His investments are mainly in the banking, insurance, education, broadcasting, real estate, floriculture and hospitality sectors.
Baskaran Kandiah
Baskaran Kandiah is a Sri Lankan businessman who is the co-founder and Director of Lebara Group, a European telecoms company with operations in six countries. He is also the Chairman of London Tamil Media, the holding company of IBC Tamil, a popular Tamil TV channel based in London.He is also the owner of ReeCha Organic Farm. He also owns Dick Holdings B.V, registered in Netherlands. He also recently bought Tamilwin, LankaSri, Cineulagam, Manithan, IBC Tamil, LBC Tamil, Viduppu, Canadamirror, JVP News websites and own fair share of Tamil Media empire.

Lebara
Lebara is a telecommunications company providing services using the mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) business model in the United Kingdom, France, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland and Australia. Lebara provides pay-as-you-go and contract-based mobile SIM cards in these countries, and its brand is also used under license in four other countries.
Yevan David
Yevan David (Sinhala: යෙවන් ඩේවිඩ්; born 11 July 2007) is a Sri Lankan racing driver who is set to compete in the FIA Formula 3 Championship for AIX.

Born in London and raised in Singapore, David is the 2025 Euroformula Open vice-champion, driving for Team Motopark.

2025 Euroformula Open Championship
The 2025 Euroformula Open Championship was a multi-event open-wheel single-seater motor racing championship held across Europe. It was the twelfth season using the Euroformula Open name. The season was held over eight rounds with three races each. It began on April 26 at Algarve International Circuit, and concluded on 19 October at Autodromo Nazionale di Monza.

The season was the first using the Dallara 324 chassis, as well as a spec Toyota engine. This change, aimed at reducing costs, aligned the championship's technical specification with that of the Super Formula Lights.

BVM Racing's Tymek Kucharczyk won the Drivers' Championship at the penultimate race of the season, while runner-up Yevan David took the Rookie Championship as his team, Team Motopark, defended their Teams' Championship title for the seventh year in a row.
Happyland (band)
Happyland was an Australian punk rock duo formed in Brisbane, Queensland, in 1997 as a side project by Janet English on bass guitar and lead vocals (from Spiderbait) and her then-boyfriend, Quan Yeomans (from Regurgitator) on lead guitar and vocals. They were initially named the Shampoodles but decided on Happyland. Their only album, Welcome to Happyland, was released on 25 August 1998, via the Polydor Australia label, which reached No. 18 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It provided the single, "Don't You Know Who I Am?" (July 1998), which peaked at No. 24 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

Spiderbait
Spiderbait is an Australian alternative rock band from Finley, New South Wales, formed in 1989 by bass guitarist and singer Janet English, drummer and singer Kram, and guitarist Damian Whitty. In 2004, the group's cover version of the 1939 Lead Belly song "Black Betty" reached number one on the ARIA Singles Chart. They have five top 20 albums: The Unfinished Spanish Galleon of Finley Lake (1995), Ivy and the Big Apples (1996), Grand Slam (1999), Tonight Alright (2004), and Greatest Hits (2005). The group have won two ARIA Music Awards with the first in 1997 as 'Best Alternative Release' for Ivy and the Big Apples and the second in 2000 as 'Best Cover-Art' for their single "Glockenpop".  In November 2013, the band released its first studio album in nine years, Spiderbait.
Leyland Comet
The Leyland Comet was a long running badge used by Leyland for a series of trucks (and the occasional bus) intended mainly for export markets. The name lives on in India, where Ashok Leyland still uses the badge today.

Leyland Motors
Leyland Motors Limited (later known as the Leyland Motor Corporation) was an English vehicle manufacturer of lorries, buses and trolleybuses. The company diversified into car manufacturing with its acquisitions of Triumph and Rover in 1960 and 1967, respectively. It gave its name to the British Leyland Motor Corporation, formed when it merged with British Motor Holdings in 1968, to become British Leyland after having been nationalised. British Leyland later changed its name to simply BL, then in 1986 to Rover Group.

After the various vehicle manufacturing businesses of BL and its successors went defunct or were divested, the following marques survived: Jaguar and Land Rover, now built by Jaguar Land Rover owned by TATA Motors; MG, now built by MG Motor, and Mini, now built by BMW. The truck building operation survived largely intact as Leyland Trucks, a subsidiary of Paccar.
Guilbert and Betelle
Guilbert and Betelle was an architecture firm formed as a partnership of Ernest F. Guilbert and James Oscar Betelle. The firm specialized in design of schools on the East Coast of the United States, with an emphasis on the "Collegiate Gothic" style.

Betelle took over the firm after Guilbert died in 1916, and oversaw design of hundreds of schools, including Greenwich High School in Greenwich, Connecticut, and the Radburn School in Fair Lawn, New Jersey, both of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Other notable buildings for which the firm was responsible include the Essex County Hall of Records and the Essex Club (now home of the New Jersey Historical Society).

New Jersey Historical Society
The New Jersey Historical Society is a historical society and museum located in Newark, New Jersey, United States. The Historical Society is housed in the former headquarters of the Essex Club. It has two floors of exhibition space, a gift shop, and a hall for lectures.  The NJHS offers occasional Newark walking tours.  The Society formerly published the academic journal, New Jersey History.

Exhibitions can be found on the second and third floor while the library reading room is housed on the fifth floor, formerly the Essex Club squash courts

The Society is open to the public. Members are free, while non-members pay an admission fee.  Patrons visiting the library are encouraged to make an appointment. The current director is Steven Tettamanti.
Umaria Sinhawansa
Umaria Binti Aisyah Sinhawansa (Sinhala: උමාරියා සිංහවංශ; born 5 January 1991), known professionally as Umaria, is a Sri Lankan pop, R&B, and jazz singer. She began performing publicly at age 11 with her sister in 2005. Her playback singing debut was featured in the 2007 movie Asai Man Piyabanna. She has participated in international music competitions, receiving silver awards at the Pan Asia International Music Competition and the Crimea Music Fest. Umaria also won the Sarasaviya Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her song Ahi Pillamak Athara from the film Vijayaba Kollaya in 2019 and the SLIM-Nielsen People's Award for Song of the Year for Manda Pama in 2021.

Crimea Music Fest
Crimea Music Fest (Krym Music Fest) is an International Music Festival and International Vocal Competition, which took place in Yalta (Crimea, Ukraine). Young performers from all 5 continents (Eurasia, Africa, South America, North America, Australia) of the world took part in the festival. The headliners of the festival were Ruslana, Goran Bregovic, Sergey Lazarev, and other popular performers from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The patroness of the festival was Alla Pugacheva. The festival took place in 2011 and 2012. The festival was shortlisted for the ZD Awards in the event of the year category.
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU; 西安交通大学) is a public university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. It is a member of the C9 League.

XJTU houses five state key laboratories, four state special laboratories, and two state engineering research centers. Two of its eight affiliated teaching hospitals are ranked among China's top 100 hospitals. It is the hub of the University Alliance of the Silk Road, an international academic alliance under the umbrella of China's Belt and Road Initiative that aims to build educational collaboration and fuel economic growth in countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and key partners worldwide.

Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.
The Needles
The Needles are a row of three stacks of chalk that rise about 30 metres (98 ft) out of the sea off the western extremity of the Isle of Wight in the English Channel, United Kingdom, close to Alum Bay and Scratchell's Bay, and part of Totland, the westernmost civil parish of the Isle of Wight. The Needles Lighthouse stands at the outer, western end of the formation. Built in 1859, it has been automated since 1994. The waters and adjoining seabed form part of the Needles Marine Conservation Zone and the Needles along with the shore and heath above are part of the Headon Warren and West High Down Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Needles Lighthouse
The Needles Lighthouse is an active 19th century lighthouse on the outermost of the chalk rocks at The Needles on the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom, near sea level. Designed by James Walker, for Trinity House at a cost of £20,000, it was completed in 1859 from granite blocks. It stands 33.25 metres (109.1 ft) high and is a circular tower with straight sides. It replaced an earlier light tower on top of a cliff overhanging Scratchell's Bay, which was first lit on 29 September 1786.
Wald's maximin model
In decision theory and game theory, Wald's maximin model is a non-probabilistic decision-making model according to which decisions are ranked on the basis of their worst-case outcomes – the optimal decision is one with the least bad outcome. It is one of the most important models in robust decision making in general and robust optimization in particular.

It is also known by a variety of other titles, such as Wald's maximin rule, Wald's maximin principle, Wald's maximin paradigm, and Wald's maximin criterion. Often 'minimax' is used instead of 'maximin'.

Robust optimization
Robust optimization is a field of mathematical optimization theory that deals with optimization problems in which a certain measure of robustness is sought against uncertainty that can be represented as deterministic variability in the value of the parameters of the problem itself and/or its solution. It is related to, but often distinguished from, probabilistic optimization methods such as chance-constrained optimization.
William Le Baron Jenney
William Le Baron Jenney (September 25, 1832 – June 14, 1907) was an American architect and engineer known for building the first skyscraper in 1884.

In 1998, Jenney was ranked number 89 in the book 1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium.

Home Insurance Building
The Home Insurance Building was an early skyscraper that stood in Chicago from 1885 to its demolition in 1931. Originally ten stories and 138 ft (42.1 m) tall, it was designed by William Le Baron Jenney in 1884 and completed the next year. Two floors were added in 1891, bringing its height to 180 feet (54.9 meters). It was the first tall building to be supported both inside and outside by a fireproof structural steel frame, though it also included reinforced concrete. It is considered the world's first skyscraper.
Canada Life Centre
Canada Life Centre (formerly Bell MTS Place and originally MTS Centre) is an indoor arena in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is the home of the National Hockey League's Winnipeg Jets and their American Hockey League affiliate, the Manitoba Moose.

The arena stands on the site of the former Eaton's Winnipeg store, and is owned and operated by True North Sports & Entertainment. The 440,000 square feet (41,000 m2) building was constructed at a cost of $133.5 million CAD. It opened on November 16, 2004, as MTS Centre, replacing the since-demolished Winnipeg Arena. It has a capacity of 15,225 for hockey games and 16,345 for concerts.

Eaton's
The T. Eaton Company Limited, later known as Eaton's, was a Canadian department store chain that was once the largest in the country. It was founded in 1869 in Toronto by Timothy Eaton, an immigrant from what is now Northern Ireland. Eaton's grew to become a retail and social institution in Canada, with stores across the country, buying-offices around the globe, and a mail-order catalog that was found in the homes of most Canadians. A changing economic and retail environment in the late twentieth century, along with mismanagement, culminated in the chain's bankruptcy in 1999.

Eaton's pioneered several retail innovations. In an era when haggling for goods was the norm, the chain proclaimed "We propose to sell our goods for CASH ONLY – In selling goods, to have only one price." In addition, it had the long-standing slogan "Goods Satisfactory or Money Refunded."