hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Folk belief
In folkloristics, folk belief or folk-belief is a broad genre of folklore that is often expressed in narratives, customs, rituals, foodways, proverbs, and rhymes. It also includes a wide variety of behaviors, expressions, and beliefs. Examples of concepts included in this genre are magic, popular belief, folk religion, planting signs, hoodoo, conjuration, charms, rootwork, taboos, old wives' tales, omens, portents, the supernatural and folk medicine.

Folk belief and associated behaviors are strongly evidenced among all elements of society, regardless of education level or income. In turn, folk belief is found in an agricultural, suburban, and urban environments alike.

Popular belief
Popular beliefs are studied as a sub-field of social sciences, like history and anthropology, which examines spiritual beliefs that develop not independently from religion, but still outside of established religious institutions. Aspects of popular piety, historical folklore, and historical superstitions are some of the themes explored.

Social scientists who study popular belief offer explanations for behaviors and events that arose as a means of redress in times of adversity or from perceived practical or spiritual utility. The cause of the European witch craze, responsible for the death of many older women in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, is one such area of research. The attitudes to sanctity and relics in the central Middle Ages, which represent a bottom-up phenomenon (whereby relics became acceptable to the Roman Catholic Church as a result of their popularity among the masses), is another widely studied area of popular belief.
Hårskolten Tunnel
The Hårskolten Tunnel (Norwegian: Hårskolttunnelen) is a road tunnel that is part of Norwegian County Road 830 in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located between Finneid in the town of Fauske and the village of Sulitjelma.  This tunnel is the middle tunnel in a series of three tunnels on this road. The Grønnlifjell Tunnel lies immediately to the east of this tunnel and the Sjønståfjell Tunnel lies immediately to the west of this tunnel.

The 2,425-metre (7,956 ft) long tunnel was originally built in 1956 as part of an expansion of the Sulitjelma Line between Finneid and Sulitjelma.  The railway line was closed and dismantled in 1972.  The tunnel was rebuilt soon after when the old railway line was converted into a highway which opened in 1975.

Sjønståfjell Tunnel
The Sjønståfjell Tunnel (Norwegian: Sjønståfjelltunnelen) is a road tunnel that is part of Norwegian County Road 830 in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is located between Finneid in the town of Fauske and the village of Sulitjelma.  This tunnel is part of a series of three tunnels on this road.  The Grønnlifjell Tunnel and the Hårskolten Tunnel both lie to the west of this tunnel.

The 2,827-metre (9,275 ft) long tunnel was originally built in 1956 as part of an expansion of the Sulitjelma Line between Finneid and Sulitjelma.  The railway line was closed and dismantled in 1972.  The tunnel was rebuilt soon after when the old railway line was converted into a highway which opened in 1975.
Jon Kavanaugh
Lieutenant Jon Kavanaugh is a fictional Internal Affairs Lieutenant in the Los Angeles Police Department on the FX television show The Shield. He was portrayed by Forest Whitaker. He is introduced at the beginning of series five and serves as the primary antagonist to Vic Mackey. He has been described as an anti-villain. Both the character, and Whitaker's performance have been well-received.

Vic Mackey
Victor Samuel Mackey, played by Michael Chiklis, is a fictional character and the protagonist of the FX crime drama series The Shield, which ran for seven seasons. Mackey is portrayed as a corrupt and brutal detective in the Los Angeles Police Department. He leads a small anti-gang unit primarily tasked with curbing the rampant drug trade in the fictional Farmington district of Los Angeles. He commits several crimes throughout the series including drug dealing, extortion, police brutality, and murder. He is often depicted justifying his crimes as a means to an end. Despite his actions, Mackey considers himself a devoted father and family man.
Éthiopiques
Éthiopiques is a series of compact discs featuring Ethiopian singers and musicians. Many of the CDs compile songs from various singles and albums that Amha Records, Kaifa Records and Philips-Ethiopia released during the 1960s and 1970s in Ethiopia. Prominent singers and musicians from this era appearing on Éthiopiques releases include Alemayehu Eshete, Asnaketch Worku, Mahmoud Ahmed, Mulatu Astatke and Tilahun Gessesse. However, some other releases contain new recordings.

Alemayehu Eshete
Alemayehu Eshete Andarge (Amharic: ዓለማየሁ እሸቴ አንዳርጌ; June 1941 – 2 September 2021) was an Ethiopian singer, widely known as the "Abyssinian Elvis" for his dynamic performances and his fusion of traditional Ethiopian music with Western rock and roll influences. He emerged in the 1960s and became a prominent figure in the Ethio-jazz movement, alongside musicians such as Mulatu Astatke. Eshete's music blended Ethiopian rhythms with elements of funk, soul, and jazz, and his hit songs include Temar Lije and Addis Ababa Bete. His international recognition grew following the release of the Éthiopiques series, which featured many of his early recordings. Eshete continued to perform until his death in 2021, leaving a lasting legacy in Ethiopian and world music. His contributions were widely recognized both in Ethiopia and internationally.
Less-than sign
The less-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the left, <, has been found in documents dated as far back as the 1560s. In mathematical writing, the less-than sign is typically placed between two values being compared and signifies that the first number is less than the second number. Examples of typical usage include 1 < 4 and −2 < 0.

Since the development of computer programming languages, the less-than sign and the greater-than sign have been repurposed for a range of uses and operations.

Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by < and >, respectively the less-than and greater-than signs).
Yamagata Castle
Yamagata Castle (山形城, Yamagata-jō) is a flatland-style Japanese castle located in the center of the city of Yamagata, eastern Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Throughout the Edo period, Yamagata Castle was the headquarters for the daimyō of Yamagata Domain. The castle was also known as "Ka-jō" (霞城). The castle grounds are protected as a National Historic Site by the Japanese government

Yamagata Domain
Yamagata Domain (山形藩, Yamagata-han) was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province (modern-day Yamagata Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Yamagata Castle in what is now the city of Yamagata. Unlike some han whose control was relatively stable throughout the Edo period (1603–1867), Yamagata changed hands a great number of times during its history.
Edgar Meyer
Edgar Meyer (born November 24, 1960) is an American bassist and composer. His styles include classical, bluegrass, newgrass, and jazz. He has won seven Grammy Awards and been nominated ten times.

Meyer is a member of the Telluride Bluegrass Festival's "house band" super group, along with Sam Bush, Béla Fleck, Jerry Douglas, Stuart Duncan, and Bryan Sutton. His collaborators have spanned a wide range of musical styles and talents; among them are Joshua Bell, Hilary Hahn, Yo-Yo Ma, Tessa Lark, Jerry Douglas, Béla Fleck, Zakir Hussain, Sam Bush, Stuart Duncan, Chris Thile, Mike Marshall, Mark O'Connor, Christian McBride, and Emanuel Ax.

Emanuel Ax
Emanuel "Manny" Ax (born June 8, 1949) is an  American classical pianist. He is known for his chamber music collaborations with cellist Yo-Yo Ma and violinists Isaac Stern and Young Uck Kim, as well as his piano recitals and performances with major orchestras in the world.

Starting at age 12, Ax studied piano under Mieczysław Munz of the Juilliard School. He won honorable mention at the VIII International Chopin Piano Competition in 1970, third place at the Vianna da Motta International Music Competition in 1971, seventh place at the Queen Elisabeth Competition in 1972, and first prize in the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in 1974.

Ax has been a faculty member at the Juilliard School since 1990.
Western Beylik
The Beylik of the West (in Arabic: bâylik al-gharb) was one of three Beyliks (governorates) of the Regency of Algiers, with the other two being the Beylik of Titteri and the Beylik of Constantine. It was established in 1563, and it was ended during the French conquest.

Beylik of Titteri
The Beylik of Titteri (Arabic : bâylik at-Tîtrî) was one of the three permanent Beyliks of the Regency of Algiers, the other two being the Western Beylik, and the Beylik of Constantine. It was established in 1546 and was ended during the French conquest of Algeria.
Gravitational metric system
The gravitational metric system (original French term Système des Méchaniciens) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively. Internationally used abbreviations of the system are MKpS, MKfS or MKS (from French mètre–kilogramme-poids–seconde or mètre–kilogramme-force–seconde).
However, the abbreviation MKS is also used for the MKS system of units, which, like the SI, uses mass in kilogram as a base unit.

Kilogram-force
The kilogram-force (kgf or kgF), or kilopond (kp, from Latin: pondus, lit. 'weight'), is a non-standard gravitational metric unit of force. It is not accepted for use with the International System of Units (SI) and is deprecated for most uses. The kilogram-force is equal to the magnitude of the force exerted on one kilogram of mass in a 9.80665 m/s2 gravitational field (standard gravity, a conventional value approximating the average magnitude of gravity on Earth). That is, it is the weight of a kilogram under standard gravity. One kilogram-force is defined as 9.80665 N. Similarly, a gram-force is 9.80665 mN, and a milligram-force is 9.80665 μN.
DisplayLink
DisplayLink Corp. (formerly Newnham Research) is a semiconductor and software technology company. It specializes in developing DisplayLink USB graphics technology, enabling connections between computers and displays via USB, Ethernet, and WiFi. Additionally, it supports the connection of multiple displays to a single computer.

DisplayLink serves various customers, including notebook OEMs, LCD monitor manufacturers, and PC accessory vendors. Its technology is compatible with operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, ChromeOS, and Linux.

DisplayLink operates globally with offices in the United States, the United Kingdom, Poland, and Taiwan. The company is privately funded and by 2013, had raised $75 million in financing from venture capital organizations Atlas Venture, Balderton Capital, Cipio Partners DAG Ventures and DFJ Esprit.

DisplayLink is owned by Synaptics, which acquired it in July 2020.

Synaptics
Synaptics, Inc. is an American neural network technologies and computer-to-human interface devices development company based in San Jose, California. It develops touchpads and fingerprint biometrics technology for computer laptops; touch, display driver, and fingerprint biometrics technology for smartphones; and touch, video and far-field voice, low-power AI processors, and wireless technology for smart home devices, wearables, and automobiles. Synaptics sells its products to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and display manufacturers.

Synaptics invented a prolific design for a computer touchpad, the click wheel on the classic iPod, Android phones' touch sensors, touch and display driver integrated chips (TDDI), and fingerprint sensors. Its technology is used in devices such as PCs, wearables, drones, gaming systems, media systems, cars, industrial security and monitoring equipment, and virtual reality headsets.
Shakir Ali (artist)
Shakir Ali (Urdu: شاکر على) (1916-1975) was an influential modern Pakistani artist and an art teacher. He was the principal of the National College of Arts in Lahore. He first joined Mayo School of Arts as a lecturer in Art in 1954 and after changing the name of Mayo School to National College of Arts in 1958, he became its first Pakistani principal in 1962. Widely known to have inspired cubism among the artists of Lahore, he had a huge following of artists in Pakistan, most of whom were his students including Muhammad Ahmad Khan, Jamil Naqsh, Bashir Mirza, Ahmed Pervez and others.

Ahmed Parvez
Ahmed Parvez (Urdu: احمد پرویز) (1926 – 1979) was a modernist painter from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He was a member of The Lahore Group in Pakistan and founder of the Pakistan Group in London. He was also among the few early modernists of Pakistani origin to have garnered considerable critical acclaim, with solo exhibitions at the New Vision, Lincoln, and Clement Stephens galleries in London, along with exhibitions at London's Commonwealth Institute and the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford between 1955 and 1964.
Singapore Turf Club (1842 - 1988)
The Singapore Turf Club was founded in 1842 as the Singapore Sporting Club to operate the Serangoon Road Race Course at Farrer Park Field. It was the only horse-racing club in Singapore and is part of the Malayan Racing Association. The first race was held on 23 February 1843 with a prize of $150. The club closed in 1988 after the Singapore Totaliser Board (Tote Board) formed the Bukit Turf Club (BTC) to take over all racing activities.

Singapore Turf Club
The Singapore Turf Club was founded in 1988 as the Bukit Turf Club to manage horse racing for the Singapore Totaliser Board (Tote Board). It is the only horse-racing club in Singapore and is part of the Malayan Racing Association.
Velvet dogfish
Sharks portal

The velvet dogfish (Zameus squamulosus), the only member of the genus Zameus, is a small sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae, found around the world between latitudes 64°N and 48°S, from the surface to 2,000 m.

Somniosidae
The Somniosidae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as sleeper sharks. The common name "sleeper shark" comes from their slow swimming, low activity level, and perceived non-aggressive nature.
Shvaughn Erin
Shvaughn Erin is a fictional character in the 30th and 31st centuries of the DC Comics Universe, appearing primarily as a supporting character in the various Legion of Super-Heroes series. A native of Earth, she is a member of the Science Police, the law enforcement arm of the United Planets. She was one of the first characters in superhero comics to be identified as transgender.

Science Police
The Science Police is a fictional law enforcement agency in the DC Comics Universe, active in the 21st, 30th and 31st centuries. The organization has also appeared in the Legion of Super Heroes animated series, the DC Universe Online video game, and the Supergirl television series.
Haplarithmisis
Haplarithmisis (Greek for haplotype numbering) is a conceptual process in Genetics that enables simultaneous haplotyping and copy-number profiling of DNA samples derived from cells. Haplarithmisis also reveals parental, segregation, and mechanistic origins of genomic anomalies. The resulting profiles of haplarithmisis are called parental haplarithms (i.e. paternal haplarithm and maternal haplarithm).

Haplarithm
Parental (paternal and maternal) haplarithms are the outputs of haplarithmisis process. For instance, paternal haplarithm represents chromosome specific profile illuminating paternal haplotype of that chromosome (including homologous recombination between the two paternal homologous chromosomes) and the amount of those haplotypes. Importantly, the haplarithm signatures allow tracing back the genomic aberration to meiosis and/or mitosis.
John the Prophet
John the Prophet, known also as Venerable John, was an Eastern Christian hermit of the Monastery of Seridus and teacher of Dorotheus of Gaza. He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

Dorotheus of Gaza
Dorotheus of Gaza (Ancient Greek: Δωρόθεος τῆς Γάζης Dorotheos tes Gazes; ca. 500 – 560 or 580), Dorotheus the Archimandrite or Abba Dorotheus, was a Christian monk and abbot. He lived as a monk at the monastery of Seridus near Gaza and wrote instructions on the ascetic life that influenced both Eastern and Western monasticism.
London 2 South East
London 2 South East was an English level 7 Rugby Union League. When this division began in 1987 it was known as London 3 South East, changing to its latest name ahead of the 2009–10 season. The division was made up of teams predominantly from south-east London, Kent, East Sussex and West Sussex. The twelve teams play home and away matches from September through to April. Each year the clubs also took part in the RFU Intermediate Cup – a level 7 national competition.

Teams were promoted to London 1 South with the league champions being promoted automatically and the runner-up playing the runner-up from London 2 South West for the second promotion place. London 3 South East was the main destination for relegated teams

Counties 2 Kent
Counties 2 Kent (formerly London 3 South East) is an English level 8 Rugby Union League involving club sides from Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex and the south-east London. The twelve teams play home and away matches from September  to April.  Following the RFU's Adult Competition Review, from season 2022–23 it adopted its current name Counties 2 Kent.

Promoted teams move up to Counties 1 Kent. Relegated teams drop down to Counties 3 Kent.
Caesarea (modern town)
Caesarea (/ˌsɛzəˈriːə, ˌsɛs-, ˌsiːz-/ SE(E)Z-ə-REE-ə, SESS-) is an affluent resort town in north-central Israel, which was named after the ancient city of Caesarea Maritima situated 1–2 kilometres (0.62–1.24 mi) to the south in the adjacent Caesarea National Park.

Located midway between Tel Aviv and Haifa on the coastal plain near the city of Hadera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. With a population of 5,765, it is the only Israeli locality managed by a private organization, the Caesarea Development Corporation, and also one of the most populous localities not recognized as a local council.

Caesarea Development Corporation
The Caesarea Development Corporation Is an Israeli nonprofit and the executive branch of the Caesarea Edmond de Rothschild Foundation. It is the only private organization to manage an Israeli locality, and receives a share of Caesarea residents' tax revenue, alongside the Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. As of 2013, the corporation's assets are valued at 910.3 million NIS.
Two Harbors, California
Two Harbors, colloquially known as "The Isthmus", is a small unincorporated community island village on the island of Santa Catalina Island, California, United States, with a population of 298 (Census of 2000). It is the second center of population on the island, besides the city of Avalon. It is mainly a resort village. It has only one restaurant, one hotel and one general store. The village has about 150 permanent residents who live on the isthmus year-round. One notable feature was the one-room schoolhouse which closed in 2014.

Avalon, California
Avalon is the only incorporated city on Santa Catalina Island, in the California Channel Islands, and the southernmost city in Los Angeles County. The city is a resort community with the waterfront dominated by tourism-oriented businesses. The older parts of the city on the valley floor consist primarily of small houses and two and three-story buildings in various traditional architectural styles.

In 1919, William Wrigley Jr. gained control of Avalon and oversaw much of its development, including the construction of the landmark Catalina Casino. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, several different developers tried to develop Avalon into a resort destination community, but most before Wrigley went bankrupt.

The population was 3,460 at the 2020 census. Avalon attracts about 1 million visitors a year and is frequently visited by cruise ships. Before European colonization, the island was inhabited by the Tongva people.
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings (NCLH) is a holding company that is based in the United States and domiciled in Bermuda. It operates three cruise lines as wholly owned subsidiaries: Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, and Regent Seven Seas Cruises. With its subsidiaries combined, it is the third-largest cruise operator in the world. It is a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

Regent Seven Seas Cruises
Regent Seven Seas Cruises (RSSC), formerly known as Radisson Seven Seas Cruises, is a luxury cruise line headquartered in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.

Since September 2014, Regent Seven Seas Cruises has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, which also owns Norwegian Cruise Line and Oceania Cruises.
County Route 539 (New Jersey)
County Route 539 (CR 539) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 54.32 miles (87.42 km) from Main Street (U.S. Route 9 or US 9) in Tuckerton to CR 535 in Cranbury Township. Much of the two-lane route passes through isolated areas of the Pine Barrens and the eastern end of the Fort Dix entity of Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst. In these stretches, the route has a speed limit of 55 miles per hour (89 km/h), one of the few two-lane roads in the state to carry a 55 mph limit. CR 539 passes through three boroughs: Tuckerton, Allentown, and Hightstown. Other than those boroughs, the route travels mainly through rural townships.

County Route 535 (New Jersey)
County Route 535 (CR 535) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 32.3 miles (52.0 km) from North Logan Avenue/South Logan Avenue (where it becomes CR 635), at the boundary between Trenton and Hamilton in Mercer County to an interchange with US 9/Route 35 in South Amboy, Middlesex County.

The road serves as the main street through the communities of Cranbury, South River and Sayreville, while also passing through rural areas on the outskirts of Mercer and southern Middlesex counties. At various points, it is locally known as East State Street, East State Street Extension, Nottingham Way, Edinburg Road, Old Trenton Road, South Main Street, North Main Street, Plainsboro Road, Maplewood Avenue, Half Acre Road, South River Road, Cranbury-South River Road, Cranbury Road, Main Street, Washington Road, and Raritan Street.