hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stratocumulus lenticularis
Stratocumulus lenticularis is an uncommon cloud species that belongs to the stratocumulus cloud type, its appearance is that of a flat lens or almond. It forms as a result of atmospheric waves  caused by wind passing over obstacles; for example, a mountain or a building. They are more common in locations that are hilly, or places where foehn winds are common
They tend to look more well-defined when a foehn wind is causing their formation. They also sometimes show iridescence. It is a type of lenticular cloud.

Lenticular cloud
Lenticular clouds (from Latin  lenticularis 'lentil-shaped', from  lenticula 'lentil') are stationary clouds that form mostly in the troposphere, typically in parallel alignment to the wind direction. They are often comparable in appearance to a lens or saucer. Nacreous clouds that form in the lower stratosphere sometimes have lenticular shapes.

There are three main types of lenticular clouds: altocumulus standing lenticular (ACSL), stratocumulus standing lenticular (SCSL), and cirrocumulus standing lenticular (CCSL), varying in altitude above the ground.
Terrace Mill
The Terrace Mill is a historic watermill in Terrace, Minnesota, United States, now operated as a museum.  Managed by the non-profit Terrace Mill Foundation, the mill contains a gallery, theatre, and gift shop, while the grounds host outdoor events.  The mill and four associated structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Terrace Mill Historic District for having local significance in commerce, engineering, industry, and transportation.

Terrace, Minnesota
Terrace is an unincorporated community in Chippewa Falls Township, Pope County, Minnesota, United States.  The community was settled in the 1870s around the Terrace Mill. In 1982, a historic district of early buildings and structures was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Terrace Historic District for having local significance under the themes of exploration/settlement and industry. It was nominated as a well-preserved example of the small communities that grew up around Minnesota's rural mills in the latter 19th century.
American Osteopathic Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
The American Osteopathic Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AOBPMR) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the treatment of patients with physical impairments or disabilities (physiatrists). The board is one of 18 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was established in 1954. The AOBPMR is one of two certifying boards for physiatrists in the United States. The other certifying authority is the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, a member board of the American Board of Medical Specialties. As of 2011, 220 osteopathic physiatrists held active certification with the AOBPMR.

American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists
Established in 1939, the American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists (BOS) is the supervisory body for the AOA's 16 Specialty Certifying Boards in the United States. The BOS establishes and enforces policy for board certification through the AOA  Specialty Certifying Boards and maintains high standards for certification through the development and implementation of educational and professional standards used to evaluate and certify osteopathic and non-osteopathic (MD and equivalent) physician.

AOA Board Certification is recognized by key healthcare accreditation organizations. The AOA is also recognized as the primary verification source for physician osteopathic board certification data on medical specialists for credentialing purposes.
Residual sum of squares
In statistics, the residual sum of squares (RSS),  also known as the sum of squared residuals (SSR) or the sum of squared estimate of errors (SSE),  is the sum of the squares of residuals (deviations predicted from actual empirical values of data).  It is a measure of the discrepancy between the data and an estimation model, such as a linear regression. A small RSS indicates a tight fit of the model to the data. It is used as an optimality criterion in parameter selection and model selection.

In general, total sum of squares = explained sum of squares + residual sum of squares.  For a proof of this in the multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) case, see partitioning in the general OLS model.

Errors and residuals
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the difference between the observed value and the estimated value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean). The distinction is most important in regression analysis, where the concepts are sometimes called the regression errors and regression residuals and where they lead to the concept of studentized residuals.
In econometrics, "errors" are also called disturbances.
East Asia Super League
The East Asia Super League (EASL) is an international basketball league featuring clubs from Japan, South Korea, Philippines, Taiwan (Chinese Taipei), Hong Kong, and Macau.

From 2017 to 2019, four pre-season tournaments (the Super 8 and the Terrific 12) were organized by EASL, featuring clubs from selected professional basketball leagues in the region.

With official backing from FIBA Asia, EASL has made a transition towards a full-fledged league. The first such season commenced in 2023 and feature eight teams. This was expanded to ten teams for the 2024–25 season, and expanded to twelve teams for the 2025–26 season.

Since the 2025–26 season, the EASL serves as a pathway towards qualification for Basketball Champions League Asia, FIBA's continental club competition in Asia.

Basketball Champions League Asia
The Basketball Champions League Asia (BCL Asia) is an annual continental club men's basketball competition organised by FIBA Asia. It is the highest level club competition for basketball in Asia and it replaced the FIBA Asia Champions Cup.

In 1981 the FIBA Asia Club Championship was introduced and, the competition was rebranded in 2004 as the FIBA Asia Champions Cup. It lasted until 2019.

In 2024, a new tournament was launched, the Basketball Champions League Asia was launched as the continent's top tier club competition.
Tiyan High School
Tiyan High School (THS) is a senior high school in Barrigada, Guam. It is a part of the Guam Department of Education.

The school district encompasses students from the villages of Adelup, Anigua, Barrigada, Barrigada Heights, Hagåtña, Macheche, Asan-Maina, Mogfog, Mongmong-Toto-Maite, Tiyan

The school first opened in August 2014, making it the newest high school to open on the island. Approximately 1,400 students were scheduled to attend the school on opening day. It opened with a practice gymnasium. Construction on the school's full-size gymnasium began in 2015. The full-size gym is being built for $14.4 million, or $576,218.61 each year for 25 years. The full-size gym was completed in December 2015, being the primary location for basketball and volleyball games at the campus.

Barrigada, Guam
Barrigada (Chamorro: Barigåda) is a village in the United States territory of Guam. A largely residential municipality, its main village is located south of the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport near the intersections of Routes 8, 10, and 16.  The community east of the airport known as Barrigada Heights is considered an affluent neighborhood on the island, where homes have excellent views overlooking much of Guam including the island's airport and hotels along Tumon Bay. Another significant location is Mount Barrigada, nearly 200 meters above sea level. Its location in the center of the island means it houses most of the island's radio masts and towers; the position and height make it easier for radio signals to reach the entire island.
New Zealand disruptive pattern material
The New Zealand disruptive pattern material, also known as New Zealand DPM (NZDPM), was the official camouflage pattern on uniforms of the New Zealand Defence Force from 1975 until 2013. It was replaced with a new pattern called Multi Terrain Camouflage (MCU) which was exclusive to the NZDF.  This was in turn replaced by the New Zealand multi-terrain pattern (NZMTP) from 2020.

New Zealand DPM is derived from British DPM and saw several colour changes before becoming standardized in the 1990s. Dress in this camouflage pattern was worn by all ranks of the New Zealand Army and NZDF for most forms of training and on operations.

Disruptive Pattern Material
Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) is the commonly used name of a camouflage pattern used by the British Armed Forces as well as many other armed forces worldwide, particularly in former British colonies.

The main variants of DPM are a four-colour woodland pattern, and desert patterns in two, three or four colours. The Woodland Pattern DPM was used with the mediumweight No.8 Temperate Combat Dress (c.1966/1968) and lightweight No.9 Tropical Combat Dress (c.1976). The later Desert Pattern DPM (c.late 1980s) was designated the No.5 Desert Combat Dress.

DPM has also been produced in black/white/grey Urban DPM, in various blue tones and even in purple.

DPM has been phased out in British military service, superseded by Multi-Terrain Pattern.
Tarring and feathering
Tarring and feathering is a form of public torture where a victim is stripped naked, or stripped to the waist, while wood tar is either poured or painted onto the person. The victim then either has feathers thrown on them or is rolled around on a pile of feathers so that they stick to the tar.

Used to enforce unofficial justice or revenge, it was used in medieval Europe and its colonies in the early modern period, as well as the early American frontier, mostly as a form of vigilante justice. The image of a tarred-and-feathered outlaw remains a metaphor for severe public criticism.

Tarring and feathering was a very common punishment in British colonies in North America during 1766 through 1776. The most famous American tarring and feathering is that of John Malcolm, a British Loyalist, during the American Revolution.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Australia Davis Cup team
The Australia Davis Cup team is the second most successful team ever to compete in the Davis Cup, winning the coveted title on 28 separate occasions, second behind the United States with 32.

Australia also participated in winning the Davis Cup six times with New Zealand under the alias Australasia (1905–1922).

Australasia Davis Cup team
The Australasia men's national tennis team represented Australia and New Zealand in Davis Cup tennis competition, and was governed by the Australasian Lawn Tennis Association.

It competed from 1905 through 1922. Following 1922, the nations competed as:

Australia men's national tennis team (began 1923; historical records assumed by Australia)

New Zealand Davis Cup team (began 1924)
N,N-Diformylmescaline
N,N-Diformylmescaline, also known as N,N-diformyl-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a possible psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is the N,N-diformyl derivative of mescaline. The compound has been found to be chemically unstable under acidic or basic conditions, breaking down into N-formylmescaline and then into mescaline. Relatedly, it is thought that N,N-diformylmescaline may act as a prodrug of mescaline in vivo. The chemical synthesis of the compound has been described. It was encountered as a possible novel designer drug in 2020 and this was reported in 2022. N,N-Diformylmescaline itself is not known to be naturally occurring, but N-formylmescaline is known to occur naturally in trace amounts in peyote. It is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

N-Formylmescaline
N-Formylmescaline, also known as N-formyl-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is an alkaloid and possible psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is the N-formyl derivative of mescaline. N,N-Diformylmescaline has been found to be chemically unstable under acidic or basic conditions, breaking down into N-formylmescaline, which then further degrades into mescaline. Relatedly, it is thought that N-formylmescaline and N,N-diformylmescaline may act as prodrugs of mescaline in vivo. N-Formylmescaline is known to occur naturally in trace amounts in peyote. It is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.
Kushiro wetlands megasolar issue
Since 2012, several solar facilities have been constructed in the area around Kushiro-shitsugen National Park in Japan, which the locals call a "sea of megasolar farms" (メガソーラーの海, Megasōrā no Umi). Several environmental groups and residents have expressed concern about the facilities' environmental impact on local wildlife.

Following the construction of mega solar farms by Japan Ecology, an Osaka-based enegy company, in Kushiro City in summer of 2025, the Kushiro wetlands megasolar issue (釧路湿原メガソーラー問題, Kushiro Shitugen megasōrā mondai) gained national attention and is widely reported in Japanese media which leads to the "No More Megasolar" declaration in Kushiro City and national policy change regarding the contruction of Megasolar plants in Japan.

Kushiro
Kushiro (釧路市, Kushiro-shi) is a city in Kushiro Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. Located along the coast of the North Pacific Ocean, it serves as the subprefecture's capital and it is the most populated city in the eastern part of the island.  As of 31 October 2025, the city had an estimated population of 151,833 in 90771 households, and a population density of 111 people per km2. The total area of the city is 1,363.26 km2 (526.36 sq mi).
Weedon Bec
Weedon Bec, usually just Weedon, is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. It is close to the source of the River Nene. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 2,706.

West Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire is one of two unitary authority areas in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It contains the county town of Northampton, as well as the towns of Daventry, Brackley and Towcester, and the large villages of Brixworth and Long Buckby; the rest of the area is predominantly agricultural villages though it has many lakes and small woodlands.

West Northamptonshire was created in 2021 as part of local government restructuring from the previous non-metropolitan districts of Northampton, Daventry and South Northamptonshire.

The West Coast Main Line and the M1 and M40 motorways pass through the district, and it includes the site of the Roman town of Bannaventa and the grade I listed Althorp House and its estate.
Barry Cooper (geologist)
Barry J. Cooper (1948–2023) was an Australian geologist, professor at the University of South Australia, historian of geology and public figure. President of the International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences (2016-2020).

International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences
The International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences (INHIGEO) promotes ongoing research into the history of the earth sciences, particularly the history of geology. It has 20 Honorary Senior Members and 301 members (2018) worldwide.
Jim Ladd
James William Ladd (January 17, 1948 – December 17, 2023) was an American disc jockey (DJ), radio producer and writer. He was one of the last notable remaining free-form rock DJs in United States commercial radio.

Ladd first gained national prominence as host of the hour long nationally syndicated radio program Innerview, which aired weekly on over 160 stations nationwide for twelve years.

Free-form radio
Free-form, or free-form radio, is a radio station programming format in which the disc jockey is given wide or total control over what music to play, regardless of music genre or commercial interests. Freeform radio stands in contrast to most commercial radio stations, in which DJs have little or no influence over programming structure or playlists. In the United States, freeform DJs are still bound by Federal Communications Commission regulations.
EML Admiral Cowan
EML Admiral Cowan (M313) is a Sandown-class minehunter. Formerly HMS Sandown, lead ship of her class of the Royal Navy, she is now an Estonian Navy ship. Renamed EML Admiral Cowan, she is the flagship of the Estonian Navy and part of the Estonian Navy's mine sweeping flotilla. Admiral Cowan is the lead vessel of the Estonian Navy Mineships Division and also the first of the three modernised Sandown class minehunters received.

Estonian Mineships Division
The Estonian Mineships Division was the main Estonian Naval Unit and the part of Estonian Navy. The top priority for the Navy is the development of a mine countermeasures capability, as that is also one of the Navy's peacetime responsibilities: during World War I and II more than 80,000 sea mines were laid in the Baltic Sea. Since 1995 a number of mine clearance operations have been carried out in Estonian waters in close co-operation with other navies of the Baltic Sea region in order to find and dispose of ordnance and contribute to safe seagoing. Estonian MCM vessels also participate in NATO naval exercises.
Cool and Lam
Cool and Lam is a fictional American private detective firm that is the center of a series of thirty detective novels written by Erle Stanley Gardner (creator of "Perry Mason") using the pen name of A. A. Fair.

Erle Stanley Gardner
Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, 1889 – March 11, 1970) was an American author and lawyer, best known for the Perry Mason series of legal detective stories.  Gardner also wrote numerous other novels and shorter pieces as well as a series of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions in Mexico.

The best-selling American author of the 20th century at the time of his death, Gardner also published under numerous pseudonyms, including A. A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray,  Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, and once as the Perry Mason character Della Street ("The Case of the Suspect Sweethearts"). Three stories were published anonymously: "A Fair Trial", "Part Music and Part Tears", and "You Can't Run Away from Yourself", also known as "The Jazz Baby".
Tillington, Staffordshire
Tillington is an area of Stafford, in Staffordshire, England. The area lies about 1½ miles north of the town centre. Essentially, the district lies within a triangle formed by Eccleshall Road, Stone Road and Crab Lane that narrows southward to a point where the two roads join at Foregate Street. Since records were first kept, the area has been recorded as Tillington. In more modern times, the geographic area comprises Tillington, Holmcroft and Trinity Fields as designated Wards of Stafford Borough Council, along with part of the parish of Creswell.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
Wahab Bugti
Abdul Wahab Bugti (Urdu/Balochi: عبدالوہاب بگٹی) is a Pakistani folk musician who performs in Balochi and Urdu. He is known for his use of the dambura, a plucked string instrument used in the folk music of Balochistan.

He rose to prominence with the release of the pop single "Kana Yaari" in season 14 (episode one) of Coke Studio Pakistan, also featuring singer Kaifi Khalil and rapper Eva B, in which Bugti lent both his vocals and lyrics.

Kaifi Khalil
Kaifi Khalil (Urdu: کیفی خلیل; born 2 September 1996) is a Pakistani singer-songwriter and composer based in Karachi. He rose to prominence in 2022 after his debut in Coke Studio's Balochi song "Kana Yaari". His song "Kahani Suno 2.0" topped Spotify charts in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India.
Cortinarius rubellus
Cortinarius rubellus, commonly known as the deadly webcap, is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae, native to high-latitude temperate to subalpine forests of Eurasia and North America. Within the genus it belongs to a group known as the Orellani, all of which are highly toxic. Eating them results in kidney failure, which is often irreversible. The mushroom is generally tan to brown all over, with a conical to convex cap 2.5 to 8 centimetres (1 to 3+1⁄4 in) in diameter, adnate gills and a 5.5 to 11 cm (2+1⁄4 to 4+1⁄4 in) tall stipe.

Orellani
The Orellani are a group of seven related species in the genus Cortinarius that have been classified as a section of the subgenus Leprocybe or a subgenus in their own right. They are among world's most poisonous mushrooms as they contain the highly toxic compound orellanine. The best-known species are the deadly webcap (Cortinarius rubellus, formerly also known as C. speciosissimus or C. orellanoides) and the fool's webcap, C. orellanus.

The mushrooms' characteristics are quite common, making them difficult to identify, which often leads to fatal poisonings. Young examples of the species often have a veil between the cap of the mushroom and the stem. This veil looks like a cobweb, hence the name. The veil however partially or completely disappears in older specimens. Some other characteristics for each of the mushrooms are given below.
Jordan Herdman-Reed
Jordan Herdman-Reed (born July 21, 1994) is a Canadian professional football linebacker for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football with the Simon Fraser Clan. His twin brother Justin Herdman-Reed also plays in the CFL.

Justin Herdman-Reed
Justin Herdman-Reed (born July 21, 1994) is a Canadian professional football linebacker for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). His twin brother Jordan Herdman-Reed also plays in the CFL.