hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bao Yixin
Zhao Yatong (Chinese: 赵娅彤; born Bao Yixin, 29 September 1992) is a Chinese badminton doubles player. She won titles in the women's doubles category with many different partners. She won two World Junior titles at the 2010 BWF World Junior Championships held in Guadalajara, Mexico. In the girls' doubles event, she was crowned World Junior Champion with Ou Dongni and in the mixed doubles she was crowned with Liu Cheng. She also won the mixed doubles at the 2009 Asian Junior Championships with Lu Kai and the mixed doubles at the 2010 Asian Junior Championships with Liu Cheng. Partnering with Tang Yuanting, Bao became the women's doubles champion at the 2015 All England Open. Bao graduated with a bachelor's degree from Xiangtan University.

Liu Cheng (badminton)
Liu Cheng (Chinese: 刘成; born 4 January 1992) is a retired badminton player who represented China. He was the men's doubles World Champion in 2017 partnered with Zhang Nan, also the mixed doubles World and Asian Junior Champion in 2010 with Bao Yixin. Liu was part of the national team member that won the team events at the 2015, 2021 Sudirman Cup, 2018 Thomas Cup and 2018 Asian Games. He reached a career high of world number 2 in both men's and mixed doubles events. He announced his retirement from the international tournament on 30 June 2022.
Bedfordshire (European Parliament constituency)
Bedfordshire was a constituency of the European Parliament located in the United Kingdom, electing one Member of the European Parliament by the first-past-the-post electoral system. Created in 1979 for the first elections to the European Parliament, it was abolished in 1984 and succeeded by Cambridge and Bedfordshire North and Bedfordshire South.

Cambridge and Bedfordshire North (European Parliament constituency)
Cambridge and Bedfordshire North was a constituency of the European Parliament located in the United Kingdom, electing one Member of the European Parliament by the first-past-the-post electoral system. Created in 1984 from parts of Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire, it was abolished in 1994 and succeeded by Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes.
Jules Verne Trophy
The Jules Verne Trophy is a prize for the fastest circumnavigation of the world by any type of yacht with no restrictions on the size of the crew provided the vessel has registered with the organization and paid an entry fee. A vessel holding the Jules Verne trophy will not necessarily hold the absolute round the world record. The trophy was first awarded to the first yacht which sailed around the world in less than 80 days. The name of the award is a reference to the Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days in which Phileas Fogg traverses the planet (albeit by railroad and steamboat) in 80 days. The current holder is Sodebo Ultim 3 skippered by Thomas Coville in 40 days 10 hours 45 minutes 50 seconds in 2026.

Around the World in Eighty Days
Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is an adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first published in French in 1872. In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employed French valet Passepartout attempt to circumnavigate the world in 80 days on a wager of £20,000 (equivalent to £2.3 million in 2023) set by his friends at the Reform Club. It is one of Verne's most acclaimed works.
Golden Rose Synagogue (Lviv)
The Golden Rose Synagogue (Ukrainian: Золота Роза, romanized: Zolota Roza; Polish: Złota Róża; Yiddish: די גאָלדען רויז, romanized: Di Golden Royz), known also as the Nachmanowicz Synagogue, or  the Turei Zahav Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת טורי זהב)  was an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, located in Lviv, in what is now the Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. The Golden Rose Synagogue, established in 1582 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, was the oldest synagogue in what is now Ukraine. From September 1603 until 1801, the Golden Rose served as the main communal synagogue while the Great City Synagogue expanded its facilities. Both the Golden Rose and Great City synagogues were destroyed by Nazis during World War II.

Great City Synagogue (Lviv)
The Great City Synagogue (Ukrainian: Велика міська синагога, romanized: Velyka miska synahoha, Polish: Wielka Synagoga Miejska we Lwowie) was a former  Orthodox Jewish synagogue in the city of Lviv (Polish: Lwów, German: Lemberg), in what is now the Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. It was situated in the former Jewish Quarter near today's city centre.
FAI Intermediate Cup
The FAI Intermediate Cup (Irish: Corn Comortais Peile na hÉireann), also known as the FAI Umbro Intermediate Cup and the Pat O'Brien Intermediate Challenge Cup, is a cup competition organized by the Football Association of Ireland for intermediate association football clubs from the Republic of Ireland. These include clubs competing in the Leinster Senior League and the Munster Senior League. It was originally known as the FAI Qualifying Cup and from the beginning it has been used as a qualifying competition for the senior FAI Cup. It is currently sponsored by Umbro and has previously been sponsored by Carlsberg.

FAI Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Senior Challenge Cup (FAI Cup), known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a knock-out association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic of Ireland (as well as Derry City from Northern Ireland). Organised by the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the competition is currently sponsored by Sports Direct. It was known as the Free State Cup from 1923 to 1936. Shamrock Rovers hold the record of most wins with 26.

The current holders are Shamrock Rovers who won their 26th title on 9 November 2025, defeating Cork City 2–0 at the Aviva Stadium.
Lewis Textile Museum
The Lewis Textile Museum was bequeathed to the people of Blackburn by a local cotton industrialist, Thomas Boys Lewis (1869–1942). The Lewis Textile Museum was closed in 2006 and a new gallery with its collection of looms and textile machinery was moved to Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery. The gallery which now houses the exhibits at the main Museum & Art Gallery was named CottonTown and opened in April 2007 by Jack Straw, the local Labour MP.

The closure of the Lewis Textile Museum  caused surprise which the local paper, the Lancashire Telegraph reported.

In 2006 the building of the Lewis Textile Museum, was planned to become a drugs centre although this was met with local uproar.

Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery
The Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery is the local museum service for the borough of Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council. It is a museum with collections of Christian icons, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and local history, as well as those of the former Lewis Textile Museum.
Count of Vila Franca
The Count of Vila Franca (Portuguese: Conde de Vila Franca) was a title of nobility granted to a hereditary line of nobles from the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, most closely associated with the Câmara family. The title was first conferred to Rui Gonçalves da Câmara in 1583, and his branch of the Câmara family continued to hold the title until the loss of possessions and privileges suffered by Rodrigo da Câmara at the hands of the Inquisition in 1652.

Rui Gonçalves da Câmara III
Rui Gonçalves da Câmara (c.1550 – c.1601), member of the House of Camara, was son of Manuel da Câmara, and succeeded him as the 4th Donatary Captain of the island of São Miguel, but was recognized predominantly in his role as the 1st Count of Vila Franca during the Philippine dynasty.
Estelle Griswold
Estelle Naomi Trebert Griswold (née Trebert; June 8, 1900 – August 13, 1981) was a civil rights activist and feminist most commonly known as a defendant in what became the Supreme Court case Griswold v. Connecticut, in which contraception for married couples was legalized in the state of Connecticut, setting the precedent of the right to privacy. Griswold served as the executive director of Planned Parenthood in New Haven when she and Yale professor C. Lee Buxton opened a birth control clinic in New Haven in an attempt to change the Connecticut law banning contraception. Their actions set into motion legislation that resulted in both Poe v. Ullman and Griswold v. Connecticut.

Griswold's personal role in both cases was vital to achieving success and starting a women's rights movement that went on to aid the support for such cases as Roe v. Wade, for which Griswold v. Connecticut is often considered a precursor.

C. Lee Buxton
Charles Lee Buxton (October 14, 1904 – July 7, 1969) was an American gynecologist, professor at the Yale School of Medicine, and appellant in US Supreme Court case Griswold v. Connecticut. He is best known as a birth control advocate and, along with Estelle Griswold, party to several legal cases that ultimately repealed Connecticut's Comstock laws and established a Constitutional right to privacy for married couples.
Orashi River
Orashi River (also Urashi or Ulasi), is a river of the lower Niger River basin, and a tributary of Oguta Lake, southeastern Nigeria. Urashi takes off, 183 m above mean sea level, from the rocks in Ezeama community of Dikenafai, Imo State. Described as a lifeline to Ideato South communities, Orashi stream serves as an all purpose river for drinking, washing and many others to communities such as Umulewe, Umuchima and Ntueke in the area.

Oguta Lake
Oguta Lake is a lean 'finger lake' formed by the damming of the lower Njaba River with alluvium. it is the largest natural lake in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria; within the equatorial rainforest region of Niger Delta. Oguta Lake's catchment area comprises the drainage area of the Njaba River and a part of the River Niger floodplain in the region south of Onitsha.
Trisodium citrate
Trisodium citrate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na3C6H5O7. It is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart taste, and is a mild base.

Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.
Farghana Qasimova
Fargana Alim qizi Qasimova (Azerbaijani: Fərqanə Alim qızı Qasımova; born August 6, 1979) is an Azerbaijani mugham singer in Azerbaijan. She is the daughter of famous mugham singer Alim Qasimov. She has twice received presidential awards for the promotion of Azerbaijani music, in 2012 and 2014.

Alim Qasimov
Alim Hamza oghlu Qasimov (Azerbaijani: Alim Həmzə oğlu Qasımov; born August 14, 1957) is an Azerbaijani musician and one of the most major mugham singers in Azerbaijan. He was awarded the International Music Council-UNESCO Music Prize in 1999, one of the highest international prizes for music. His music is characterized by his vocal improvisation and represents a move away from the traditional style of mugham. Qasimov has recorded nine albums, three of which are mugham albums with his daughter, Farghana Qasimova.

According to The New York Times, "Qasimov is simply one of the greatest singers alive, with a searing spontaneity that conjures passion and devotion, contemplation and incantation."

He joined fellow Azerbaijani Sabina Babayeva on stage at the Grand Finale of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku to sing back vocals for her entry, "When the Music Dies." Additionally, Qasimov was featured as part of the opening act of the Grand Final.
Spiral (railway)
A spiral (sometimes called a spiral loop or just loop) is a technique employed by railways to ascend steep hills.

A railway spiral rises on a steady curve until it has completed a loop, passing over itself as it gains height, allowing the railway to gain vertical elevation in a relatively short horizontal distance. It is an alternative to a zig-zag, and avoids the need for the trains to stop and reverse direction while ascending. If the train is longer than the length of each loop it may be possible to view it looping above itself.

The term "loop" is also often used for a railway that curves sharply and goes back on itself: if the railway crosses itself, then it forms a spiral or helix; otherwise, it forms the much more common horseshoe curve or bend.

Zig zag (railway)
A railway zig zag or switchback is a railway operation in which a train is required to switch its direction of travel to continue its journey. While this may be required purely from an operational standpoint, it is also ideal for climbing steep gradients with minimal need for tunnels and heavy earthworks. For a short distance (corresponding to the middle leg of the letter "Z"), the direction of travel is reversed, before the original direction is resumed. Some switchbacks do not come in pairs, and the train may then need to travel backwards for a considerable distance.

A location on railways constructed by using a zig-zag alignment at which trains must reverse direction to continue is a reversing station.

One of the best-known examples is the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site railway in India, which has six full zig zags and three spirals.
Click letter
Various letters have been used to write the click consonants of southern Africa. The precursors of the current IPA letters, ⟨ǀ⟩ ⟨ǁ⟩ ⟨ǃ⟩ ⟨ǂ⟩, were created by Karl Richard Lepsius and used by Wilhelm Bleek and Lucy Lloyd, who added ⟨ʘ⟩.
Also influential were Daniel Jones, who adopted the letters ⟨ʇ⟩ ⟨ʖ⟩ ⟨ʗ⟩ ⟨ʞ⟩ that were promoted by the IPA from 1921 to 1989, and were used by Clement Doke and Douglas Beach.

Individual languages have had various orthographies, usually based on either the Lepsius alphabet or on the Latin alphabet. They may change over time or between countries. Latin letters, such as ⟨c⟩ ⟨x⟩ ⟨q⟩ ⟨ç⟩, have case forms; the pipe letters ⟨ǀ⟩ ⟨ǁ⟩ ⟨ǃ⟩ ⟨ǂ⟩ do not.

Lepsius Standard Alphabet
The Lepsius Standard Alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet developed by Karl Richard Lepsius. Lepsius initially used it to transcribe Egyptian hieroglyphs in his Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, and extended it to write African languages, published in 1853, 1854 and 1855, and in a revised edition in 1863. The alphabet was comprehensive but was not used much as it contained many diacritic marks and was difficult to read and typeset at that time. It was, however, influential in later projects such as Ellis's Paleotype, and diacritics such as the acute accent for palatalization, under-dot for retroflex, underline for Arabic emphatics, and his click letters continue in modern use.
Candace Jones
Candace Lynne "Candy" Jones (born March 20, 1955, in Kingston, Ontario) is a Canadian former pair skater.  With her husband Don Fraser, she won gold medals at the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1975 and 1976 and competed in the 1976 Winter Olympics.  They have also won a number of World Championships as professionals. There were known as the first couple to do a one-handed overhead lift, as well as a no-hands death spiral that has yet to be attempted by other pairs.

Don Fraser (figure skater)
Donald Edward Fraser (born December 4, 1955, in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan) is a former Canadian pair skater. With his wife Candace Jones, he won the gold medal at the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1975 and 1976 and competed in the 1976 Winter Olympics.  They have also won a number of World Championships as professionals. There were known as the first couple to do a one-handed overhead lift, as well as a no-hands death spiral that has yet to be attempted by other skating couples.
Silvio Dante
Silvio Manfred Dante is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos, portrayed by Steven Van Zandt. He is the consigliere and right-hand man to Tony Soprano in the DiMeo crime family. John Magaro portrays a young Silvio Dante in the 2021 prequel film, The Many Saints of Newark.

Steven Van Zandt
Steven Van Zandt (né Lento; born November 22, 1950), also known as Little Steven or Miami Steve, is an American musician and actor. He is a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, in which he plays guitar and mandolin. He has appeared in several television drama series, including as Silvio Dante in The Sopranos (1999–2007) and as Frank Tagliano/Giovanni 'Johnny' Henriksen in Lilyhammer (2012–2014). Van Zandt has his own solo band called Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul, intermittently active since the 1980s.

In 2014, Van Zandt was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band. Van Zandt has produced music, written songs, and had his own songs covered by Springsteen, Meat Loaf, Darlene Love, Ronnie Spector,
Nancy Sinatra, Pearl Jam, Southside Johnny, Artists United Against Apartheid, and the Iron City Houserockers, among others.
VIXX 2016 Conception Ker
VIXX 2016 Conception Ker (stylized as VIXX 2016 CONCEPTION Κήρ) is the second compilation album by South Korean boy band VIXX. The special album was released on November 21, 2016 under Jellyfish Entertainment, supported by a music video and a new song. The album contains songs from their two single albums Zelos and Hades and mini-album Kratos. The song "Milky Way" was chosen as the album's title track.

Zelos (single album)
Zelos (/ˈziːləs/; Greek: Ζῆλος, Zēlos, literally "zeal") is the fifth single album, and the first part of the VIXX 2016 CONCEPTION trilogy, followed by Hades and Kratos, by the South Korean boy band VIXX. The album was released on April 19, 2016 under the label of Jellyfish Entertainment. The song "Dynamite" (Korean: 다이너마이트) was used to promote the album.
Launa Q. Newman
Launa Q. Newman (December 30, 1920 – February 3, 2009) was an American journalist and social activist based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She is known for her social contributions in the South Minneapolis area for the African-American community. She was also the publisher of The Minneapolis Spokesman and St. Paul Recorder (later merged to Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder), along with her husband Cecil Newman.

Cecil Newman
Cecil Earl Newman (July 25, 1903 – February 7, 1976) was an American civic leader and prominent businessman in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was the editor and publisher of the Minneapolis Spokesman and the St. Paul Recorder.

He was a member of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a union that made major strides against segregation in the 1930s and 1940s, before the modern Civil Rights Movement.
Feodor I of Russia
Feodor I Ioannovich (Russian: Феодор I Иoаннович) or Fyodor I Ivanovich (Russian: Фёдор I Иванович; 31 May 1557 – 17 January 1598), nicknamed the Blessed (Блаженный), was Tsar of all Russia from 1584 until his death in 1598.

Feodor's mother died when he was three, and he grew up in the shadow of his father, Ivan the Terrible. He was a pious man of retiring disposition and possibly suffered from mental disability. He took little interest in politics, and the country was effectively administered in his name by Boris Godunov, the brother of his beloved wife Irina. He died without surviving children and was succeeded by Godunov as tsar, marking the end of the rule of the Rurik dynasty and spurring Russia's descent into the catastrophic Time of Troubles.

He is listed in the Great Synaxaristes of the Eastern Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 7 January (O.S.).

Irina Godunova
Irina Feodorovna Godunova (Russian: Ирина Фёдоровна Годунова, romanized: Irina Fyodorovna Godunova; 1557 – 26 October 1603), also known by her monastic name Alexandra (Александра), was the tsaritsa consort of all Russia by marriage to Feodor I from 1584 until his death on 17 January [O.S. 7 January] 1598. As her husband died without surviving children, she was the de facto ruler of Russia until she retired to Novodevichy Convent nine days later. She remained the nominal ruler of Russia until her brother Boris Godunov was elected tsar on 3 March [O.S. 21 February] 1598.
Royal Army Dental Corps
The Royal Army Dental Corps (RADC) was a specialist corps in the British Army that provided dental health services to British Army personnel and their families in war and in peace.

The corps was awarded the "royal" prefix to become the Royal Army Dental Corps in November 1946 in recognition of its service in the Second World War.

In November 2024, the corps was amalgamated with the Royal Army Medical Corps and Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps to form the Royal Army Medical Service.

Royal Army Medical Service
The Royal Army Medical Service (RAMS) is a specialist corps in the British Army, formed on 15 November 2024, which provides health services, including medicine, nursing and dentistry to military personnel in war and in peace.

The Service was formed from the amalgamation of the Royal Army Medical Corps, Royal Army Dental Corps, and Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps.
Nearly free electron model
In solid-state physics, the nearly free electron model (or NFE model and quasi-free electron model) is a quantum mechanical model of physical properties of electrons that can move almost freely through the crystal lattice of a solid. The model is closely related to the more conceptual empty lattice approximation. The model enables understanding and calculation of the electronic band structures, especially of metals.

This model is an immediate improvement of the free electron model, in which the metal was considered as a non-interacting electron gas and the ions were neglected completely.

Electronic band structure
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).

Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical wave functions for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).
Mount Tate
Mount Tate (立山, Tate-yama; IPA: [tateꜜjama]), also known as Tateyama, is a mountain located in the southeastern area of Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the tallest mountains in the Hida Mountains at 3,015 m (9,892 ft) and one of Japan's Three Holy Mountains (三霊山, Sanreizan) along with Mount Fuji and Mount Haku. Tateyama consists of three peaks: Ōnanjiyama (大汝山, 3,015 m), Oyama (雄山, 3,003 m), and Fuji-no-Oritate, (富士ノ折立, 2,999m) which form a ridge line. Tateyama is the tallest mountain in the Tateyama Mountain Range (立山連峰, Tateyama-renpō).

The Oyama Shrine is located on Oyama Peak.

Mount Tate was first climbed by Saeki no Ariyori, during Japan's Asuka period. The area was incorporated into the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park on 4 December 1934.

Chūbu-Sangaku National Park
Chūbu-Sangaku National Park (中部山岳国立公園, Chūbu Sangaku Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park in the Chūbu region of Japan. It was established around the Hida Mountains and encompasses parts of Nagano, Gifu, Toyama and Niigata prefectures. It was designated a national park on December 4, 1934, along with Daisetsuzan National Park, Akan National Park, Nikkō National Park, and Aso Kujū National Park.