hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pterioidea
Pterioidea is a superfamily of epifaunal marine bivalves mostly inhabiting continental shelf regions of tropical and subtropical oceans. The superfamily includes the economically-important saltwater pearl oysters as well as the oddly shaped hammer oysters (neither of which, however, is considered a true oyster). A number of species have found use as model organisms in the fields of medicine and science.

It includes the following three accepted living families:

Malleidae, the hammer oysters, Lamarck, 1818

Pteriidae, the pearl oysters, tree oysters, and winged oysters, Gray, 1847 (1820)

Pulvinitidae, a family of rare deep sea oysters, no common name, Stephenson, 1941

Fossil families include:

Family †Aviculopectinidae

Family †Bakevelliidae

Family †Cassianellidae

Family †Isognomonidae

Family †Kochiidae

Family †Pergamidiidae

Family †Plicatostylidae

Family †Posidoniidae

Family †Pterineidae

Family †Retroceramidae

Malleidae
Malleidae, or hammer oysters, is a family of saltwater clams. They are related to the pearl oysters, in the order Pteriida and the superfamily Pterioidea. There are about 22 species in this family.

The shells of most of these animals are T-shaped, with the hinge along the top of the T, and with the byssus emerging from the hinge. An oblique ligament holds the hinge. The shell is partially nacreous. There is a single, large adductor muscle. The exhalant current exits at the hinge.

Most hammer oysters live in tropical, coralline areas.
Phadebas
Phadebas is a synthetic biochemical substrate used for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the α-amylase enzyme. Its active component is DSM-P, microspheres in which a blue dye has been chemically bound. When the substrate is digested by the amylase enzyme in solution, it releases that blue dye at a rate proportional to the quantity of the enzyme present.  It is used in a range of applications from quality control tests for food & beverages to detection of saliva stains in forensic investigations.

Α-Amylase
α-Amylase is an enzyme (EC 3.2.1.1; systematic name 4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) that hydrolyses α bonds of large, α-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding shorter chains thereof, dextrins, and maltose, through the following biochemical process:

Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-α-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more (1→4)-α-linked D-glucose units

It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals. It is also present in seeds containing starch as a food reserve, and is secreted by many fungi. It is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 13.
Lester P. Barlow
Lester Pence Barlow (2 December 1886 – 6 September 1967) was an American inventor, engineer and inventor, known for his work on explosives.

Born in Monticello in the US State of Wisconsin, he spent much of his education working as an electricians apprentice, before enlisting in the US Navy in 1904.

Barlow's career as an inventor began with his participation in the Mexican Revolution. While working for the Villista forces led by General Pancho Villa, he developed one of the earliest examples of aerial bombs. His work would continue when he became employed by The Martin Company, during which he would develop the "Glmite" bomb.

Barlow was also involved with politics, authoring What Would Lincoln Do—which laid out plans for an economic and political rejuvenation of the United States—As well as leading the short-lived "Modern Seventy-Sixers" group.

Glenn L. Martin Company
The Glenn L. Martin Company, also known as the Martin Company from 1917 to 1961, was an American aircraft and aerospace manufacturing company founded by aviation pioneer Glenn L. Martin. The Martin Company produced many important aircraft for the defense of the US and allies, especially during World War II and the Cold War. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Martin Company moved from the aircraft industry into the guided missile, space exploration, and space utilization industries.

In 1961, the Martin Company merged with American-Marietta Corporation, a large industrial conglomerate, forming the Martin Marietta corporation. In turn, Martin Marietta in 1995 merged with aerospace giant Lockheed Corporation to form the Lockheed Martin corporation.
Tarah Kayne
Tarah Kayne (born April 28, 1993) is an American retired competitive pair skater. With former partner Daniel O'Shea, she is the 2018 Four Continents champion, 2014 Four Continents silver medalist, and 2016 U.S. national champion.

2016 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2016 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from January 15–24 in Saint Paul, Minnesota at the Xcel Energy Center and Bloomington Ice Garden. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2016 Four Continents, 2016 World Junior Championships, and the 2016 World Championships.

The host was announced in November 2012.
Siege of Zbarazh
The siege of Zbarazh (Ukrainian: Облога Збаража, Битва під Збаражем, Polish: Oblężenie Zbaraża, Bitwa pod Zbarażem; 10 July — 22 August, 1649) was fought near the site of the present-day city of Zbarazh in Ukraine between the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. The siege lasted for seven weeks.

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces were besieged in the Zbarazh Castle until in the aftermath of the Battle of Zboriv on 15–16 August 1649 and the Treaty of Zboriv on 18 August 1649. The towns of Zbarazh and Zboriv are roughly neighboring one another.

Zbarazh
Zbarazh (Ukrainian: Збараж, IPA: [ˈzbɑrɐʒ] ⓘ; Polish: Zbaraż; Yiddish: זבאריזש, romanized: Zbarizh) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Galicia. Zbarazh hosts the administration of Zbarazh urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 13,346 (2022 estimate).

Zbarazh is one of the settings of Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel With Fire and Sword (1884) in which he gives a detailed description of the famous Siege of Zbarazh. Notable Jewish residents included Rabbi Zev Wolf of Zbaraz, the singer Velvel Zbarjer and the author Ida Fink.
Bedshaped
"Bedshaped" is a song by English rock band Keane, released as the third single from Hopes and Fears. It became their third consecutive top-10 hit on the UK Singles Chart, after "Somewhere Only We Know" and "Everybody's Changing", peaking at number 10. The song also reached the top 20 in Denmark and the Netherlands.

Hopes and Fears
Hopes and Fears is the debut album by the English alternative rock band Keane. It was released on 10 May 2004 in the United Kingdom and topped the UK Albums Chart upon release. It was the UK's second best-selling album of 2004, and has since been certified 9× Platinum by the BPI. The album returned to the top of the charts after winning a Brit Award for Best Album in February 2005.

With more than 2.7 million copies sold in the UK, Hopes and Fears ranks the 11th-best-selling album of the 2000s in the UK. In July 2011, it was ranked the 9th-highest-selling album of the 21st century in the UK. As of September 2019 it is the 36th-best-selling album in UK chart history. Worldwide, the album has sold over 5.8 million copies as of November 2009. It was also among ten albums nominated for the best British album of the previous 30 years by the Brit Awards in 2010, ultimately losing to (What's the Story) Morning Glory? by Oasis.
Bombing of Nagaoka
The bombing of Nagaoka (長岡空襲, Nagaoka kūshū) took place on the night of 1 August 1945, as part of the strategic bombing air raids on Japan campaign waged by the United States against military and civilian targets and population centers in the Japan home islands during the closing stages of the Pacific War in 1945. Between 65.5 and 80 percent of the urban area of Nagaoka was destroyed during the war.

Nagaoka, Niigata
Nagaoka (長岡市, Nagaoka-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It is the second largest city in the prefecture, after the capital city of Niigata. As of 4 August 2021, the city had an estimated population of 264,611 in 109,283 households and a population density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre (780/sq mi). The total area of the city was 891.06 square kilometres (344.04 sq mi).
Moyen-Comoé
Moyen-Comoé Region is a defunct region of Ivory Coast. From 1997 to 2011, it was a first-level subdivision region. The region's capital was Abengourou and its area was 6,921 km2. Since 2011, the area formerly encompassed by the region is the second-level Indénié-Djuablin Region in Comoé District.

Indénié-Djuablin
Indénié-Djuablin Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Comoé District. The region's seat is Abengourou. Other important towns are Agnibilekrou, Bettié and Niablé. The region's area is 6910 km2, and at the 2021 census, it had a population of 716,443.
Lukas Sieper
Lukas Sieper (born 22 March 1997) is a German politician (Party of Progress). In the 2024 European Parliament election, he was elected as the lead candidate of his party and has since been a member of the 10th European Parliament.

Party of Progress (Germany)
The Party of Progress (German: Partei des Fortschritts, PdF), also known as Party of Progress – Free Parliamentary Alliance (PdF–FPA) is a political party in Germany founded in Cologne in 2020. While the party sees itself as being beyond the left–right political spectrum, it is classified as left-liberal by political scientists.

The PdF claims to be active throughout Germany. Joining the PdF is not tied to German nationality and, according to the party's statutes, is open to every resident of Germany and every EU citizen. In the 2024 European elections in Germany, it received 0.6% of the vote and entered the European Parliament with one Member of the European Parliament. In 2024, Luca Piwodda was elected as the mayor of Gartz (Oder). In May 2025, Tim Sieper became the mayor of Eckenroth after his father Michael stepped down due to issues concerning his health. With that, Sieper became Germany's youngest mayor to date at age 20.
Rescue at Midnight Castle
Rescue at Midnight Castle, also known as My Little Pony, Escape from Midnight Castle, or Rescue from Midnight Castle, and released later as Firefly's Adventure, My Little Pony in Dreamland and My Little Pony: Rescue at Midnight Castle is a 1984 American animated television special based on the Hasbro toy line, My Little Pony. It was released as a pilot of the proposed television series, and featured the voices of Sandy Duncan and Tony Randall. A second special was produced in 1985, Escape from Catrina.

My Little Pony (TV series)
My Little Pony is an American animated series produced by Sunbow Productions and Marvel Productions and animated by Toei Animation and AKOM based on the My Little Pony toys released by Hasbro. The series featured as the first segment of a program called My Little Pony 'n Friends. The second segment would be an unrelated cartoon based on another Hasbro franchise – including The Glo Friends, MoonDreamers and the Potato Head Kids. The series debuted on September 15, 1986, three months after the release of My Little Pony: The Movie (which had introduced the Paradise Estate and many of the series' main characters), and ended on September 25, 1987. Two previous television specials were edited into segments of My Little Pony 'n Friends: Rescue at Midnight Castle and Escape from Catrina. The complete series of My Little Pony segments has been released on DVD in Regions 1 and 4. Other sections have been released on DVD such as "My Little Pony: The Glo Friends" as of 2023.
Bifrustum
In geometry, an n-gonal bifrustum is a polyhedron composed of three parallel planes of n-gons, with the middle plane largest and usually the top and bottom congruent.

It can be constructed as two congruent frusta combined across a plane of symmetry, and also as a bipyramid with the two polar vertices truncated.

They are duals to the family of elongated bipyramids.

Frustum
In geometry, a frustum (Latin for 'morsel'; pl. frusta or frustums) is the portion of a solid (normally a pyramid or a cone) that lies between two parallel planes cutting the solid. In the case of a pyramid, the base faces are polygonal and the side faces are trapezoidal. A right frustum is a right pyramid or a right cone truncated perpendicularly to its axis; otherwise, it is an oblique frustum.

In a truncated cone or truncated pyramid, the truncation plane is not necessarily parallel to the cone's base, as in a frustum.

If all its edges are the same length, then a frustum becomes a prism (possibly oblique or/and with irregular bases).
New Croton Dam
The New Croton Dam is a masonry gravity dam forming the New Croton Reservoir, both parts of the New York City water supply system.  It stretches across the Croton River near Croton-on-Hudson, New York, about 22 miles (35 km) north of New York City.

Construction began in 1892 and was completed in 1906. Designed by Alphonse Fteley (1837–1903), the masonry dam is 266 feet (81 m) broad at its base and 297 feet (91 m) high from base to crest. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest dam in the world. It impounds up to 19 billion US gallons (72,000,000 m3) of water, a small fraction of the New York City water system's total storage capacity of 580 billion US gallons (2.2×109 m3).

New Croton Reservoir
The New Croton Reservoir is a reservoir in Westchester County, New York, part of the New York City water supply system lying approximately 22 miles (35 km) north of New York City. It is the collecting point for water from all reservoirs in the Croton Watershed.  The reservoir is the start and source of water for the New Croton Aqueduct, which carries water to the Jerome Park Reservoir in the Bronx for distribution to New York City.
JSBML
JSBML (Java Systems Biology Markup Language) is an open-source Java (API) for the SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language ) format. Its API strives to attain a strong similarity to the Java binding of the corresponding library libSBML, but is entirely implemented in Java and therefore platform independent. JSBML provides an elaborated abstract type hierarchy, whose data types implement or extend many interfaces and abstract classes from the standard Java library. In this way, JSBML integrates smoothly into existing Java projects, and provides methods to read, write, evaluate, and manipulate the content of SBML documents.

SBML
The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a representation format, based on XML, for communicating and storing computational models of biological processes. It is a free and open standard with widespread software support and a community of users and developers. SBML can represent many different classes of biological phenomena, including metabolic networks, cell signaling pathways, regulatory networks, infectious diseases, and many others. It has been proposed as a standard for representing computational models in systems biology today.
Pseudopercis
Pseudopercis is a genus of ray-finned fish which are part of the family Pinguipedidae, the sandperches. They are from the coastal waters of South America and are distinguished from other Neotropical sandperches in their more robust heads and bodies.

Sandperch
The sandperches are a family, Pinguipedidae, of ray-finned fishes in the percomorph order Labriformes. Sandperches are benthic fish which normally occur over sand or rubble substrates in shallow seas. They are found off the coasts of South America, South Africa and in the Indo-Pacific as far east as Japan. There are 65 species, a few of which are used by humans for food.
Charles Chaplin Jr.
Charles Spencer Chaplin III (May 5, 1925 – March 20, 1968), known professionally as Charles Chaplin Jr., was an American actor. He was the elder son of Charlie Chaplin and Lita Grey, and is known for appearing in 1950s films such as The Beat Generation and Fangs of the Wild.

Lita Grey
Lita Grey (born Lillita Louise MacMurray, April 15, 1908 – December 29, 1995), who was known for most of her life as Lita Grey Chaplin, was an American actress. She was the second wife of Charlie Chaplin, and appeared in his films The Kid, The Idle Class, and The Gold Rush.
Serer language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It is the principal language of the Serer people, and was the language of the early modern kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and Baol. Serer is primarily written in the Latin alphabet.

Senegambian languages
The Senegambian languages, traditionally known as the Northern West Atlantic, sometimes confusingly referred to in literature as the Atlantic languages, are a branch of Atlantic–Congo languages most commonly spoken in Senegal and neighboring southern Mauritania, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea. The nomadic Fula people have also spread their languages from Senegal across the western and central Sahel. The most populous unitary language is Wolof, the national language of Senegal, with four million native speakers and millions more second-language users. There are perhaps 13 million speakers of the various varieties of Fula, and over a million speakers of Serer . The most prominent feature of the Senegambian languages is that they are devoid of tone, unlike the vast majority of Atlantic-Congo languages.
Consultation on Church Union
The Consultation on Church Union (COCU) was an effort towards church unity in the United States, that began in 1962 and in 2002 became the Churches Uniting in Christ. It was a significant part of the Christian movement towards ecumenism. This effort can be seen in the context of the worldwide ecumenical attitude that was manifested in the 1948 formation of the World Council of Churches, the 1950 formation of the National Council of Churches, the 1957 formation of the United Church of Christ, and the formation of the Roman Catholic Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity during the Second Vatican Council (which occurred from 1962 to 1965). The original task of COCU was to negotiate a consensus between its member denominations (originally the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Methodist Church, the United Church of Christ, and the UPCUSA).

United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America
The United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (UPCUSA) was the largest branch of Presbyterianism in the United States from May 28, 1958, to 1983. It was formed by the union of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA), often referred to as the "Northern" Presbyterian Church, with the United Presbyterian Church of North America (UPCNA), a smaller church of Covenanter-Seceder tradition at a conference in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in May 1958. Vigorous ecumenical activity on the part of PCUSA leaders led to this merger, something of a reunion of two long-separated branches of the larger Presbyterian family deriving from the British Isles.
Christmas in Portland, Oregon
There are many ways in which the Christian holiday of Christmas is celebrated in the American city of Portland, Oregon. Annual traditions include the Christmas Ships Parade, Peacock Lane, the Pioneer Courthouse Square Christmas tree, and the art installation Santa Clones. The city hosts many other displays, concerts, and other performances related to Christmas.

Christmas Ships Parade
The Christmas Ships Parade, or Christmas Ship Parade, is an annual Christmas ships parade in Portland, Oregon, United States. The tradition was established by a single boat in 1954. The 57th annual parade was held in 2019. A virtual event was held in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vasantrao S. Dempo
Vasantrao Shrinivas Sinai Dempo (4 February 1916 – 9 November 2000) was an Indian industrialist, philanthropist and aristocrat, who founded the Dempo Group of Industries. The mining business he founded in 1941 has now grown to include interests in shipbuilding, minerals, foods, iron and steel, education, travels and construction. After annexation of Goa, he was amongst the richest people  in India, his family remains the wealthiest in Goa today. His family were awarded a barony in Goa as landowners in 1873 by Luís I of Portugal. of St. Cruz, Goa and Siridao

Dempo
Dempo is a company from Goa, India. It was founded as a mining business in 1941 by brothers Vasantrao S. Dempo in and Vaikuntrao Dempo. In 2011 its mining business was sold to Vedanta Limited.

Dempo established Hindustan Foods in 1988 as a joint venture with Glaxo to manufacture cereal-based food products. Dempo also operates businesses in travel agency, newspaper publishing, shipbuilding, refining, and real estate.

Dempo also established the charitable Voicuntrao Dempo Centre for Indo-Portuguese Studies (Portuguese: Centro de Estudos Indo-Portugueses Voicuntrao Dempo).
Nakhodka
Nakhodka (Russian: Нахо́дка, IPA: [nɐˈxotkə], means "finding") is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trudny Peninsula jutting into the Nakhodka Bay of the Sea of Japan, about 85 kilometers (53 mi) east of Vladivostok (169 kilometers by car ), the administrative center of the krai. Population:  159,719 (2010 Census); 148,826 (2002 Census); 160,056 (1989 Soviet census).

Nakhodka Bay
Nakhodka Bay or Nakhodka Gulf (Russian: зали́в Нахо́дка, romanized: zalív Nakhódka), historically called the Gulf of America (зали́в Аме́рика, zalív Amérika), is a bay of the Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan where the port Nakhodka is located. It is part of the Primorsky Krai of Russia. The Lisy Island protects the bay from open sea waves.

The bay is one of the largest transport junctions in the Russian Far East; vessel traffic is extremely intensive here. The Gulf has four ports and four ship-repairing yards. It is a basic port for vessels of the largest companies, such as Primorsk Shipping Corporation (Prisco), and the base of the Active Marine Fishery.

The modern name means '(lucky) find, discovery' in Russian. The Chinese called it Haizaotunwan (Chinese: 海藻屯灣; literally “Seaweed village bay”; Russian: Туне-хай-цао), due to the great amount of seaweed in the waters.
World Chess Championship 2008
The World Chess Championship 2008 was a best-of-twelve-games match between the incumbent World Chess Champion, Viswanathan Anand, and the previous World Champion, Vladimir Kramnik. Kramnik had been granted a match after not winning the World Chess Championship 2007 tournament.

After eleven games, Anand successfully defended his title by a final score of 6½–4½ (three victories and one defeat).

The match took place at the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bonn, Germany, between 14 October and 29 October 2008.

World Chess Championship 2007
The World Chess Championship 2007 was held in Mexico City, from 12 September 2007 to 30 September 2007 to decide the world champion of the game of chess. It was an eight-player, double round robin tournament.

Viswanathan Anand won the tournament and the title of World Chess Champion. His winning score was 9 points out of 14, with a total of four wins and 10 draws, and Anand was the only undefeated player in the tournament.