hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A585 road
The A585 is a primary road in England which runs from Kirkham to Fleetwood in Lancashire.

The road runs a total distance of just under 14 miles (23 km), on a mixture of rural and urban residential/commercial streets.  The 12-mile (19 km) section north of the M55 formerly carried large amounts of container traffic to and from the Fleetwood container port, until operations ceased in 2010.

M55 motorway
The M55 is a motorway in Lancashire, England, which can also be referred to as the Preston Northern Bypass. It connects the seaside resort of  Blackpool to the M6 at Preston.  It is 12.2 miles (19.6 km) in length.

One mile (1.6 km) was originally built in 1958 as part of the UK's first motorway, the Preston Bypass, and the remainder was built in 1975.
Frances Newton, Baroness Cobham
Frances Newton, Baroness Cobham (1539 – 17 October 1592) was an English courtier who served Queen Elizabeth I of England as a Lady of the Bedchamber, and was one of her closest female friends. She was the second wife of William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham.

William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham
Sir William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, KG (1 November 1527 – 6 March 1597), lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and a member of parliament for Hythe. Although he was viewed by some as a religious radical during the Somerset Protectorate, he entertained Queen Elizabeth I of England at Cobham Hall in 1559, signalling his acceptance of the moderate regime.
VeraCrypt
VeraCrypt is a free and open-source utility for on-the-fly encryption (OTFE). The software can create a virtual encrypted disk that works just like a regular disk but within a file. It can also encrypt a partition or (in Windows) the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication.

VeraCrypt is a fork of the discontinued TrueCrypt project. It was initially released on 22 June 2013. Many security improvements have been implemented and concerns within the TrueCrypt code audits have been addressed. VeraCrypt includes optimizations to the original cryptographic hash functions and ciphers, which boost performance on modern CPUs.

TrueCrypt
TrueCrypt is a discontinued source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption (OTFE). It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt a partition, or encrypt the whole storage device (pre-boot authentication).

On 28 May 2014, the TrueCrypt website announced that the project was no longer maintained and recommended users find alternative solutions. 
Though development of TrueCrypt has ceased, an independent audit of TrueCrypt published in March 2015 concluded that no significant flaws were present. Two projects forked from TrueCrypt: VeraCrypt (active) and CipherShed (abandoned).
Wall gun
The wall gun or wall piece was a type of smoothbore firearm used from 16th until 19th centuries by defending forces to break the advance of enemy troops. Essentially, it was a scaled-up version of the army's standard infantry musket, operating under the same principles, but with a bore of up to one-inch (25.4 mm) calibre. These weapons filled a gap in firepower between the musket and the lightest artillery pieces, such as the swivel gun. This sort of weapon may also be found described as a  rampart gun, hackbut or amusette, a name originally given to early medieval hand cannon.

Musket
A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smoothbore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating plate armour. By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually disappeared as the use of heavy armour declined, but musketeers continued as the generic term for smoothbore long sticks until the mid-19th century. In turn, this style of musket was retired in the 19th century when rifled muskets (simply called rifles in modern terminology) using the Minié ball (invented by Claude-Étienne Minié in 1849) became common. The development of breech-loading firearms using self-contained cartridges, introduced by Casimir Lefaucheux in 1835, began to make muskets obsolete. The first reliable repeating rifles, the 1860 Henry rifle and its 1866 descendant the Winchester rifle, superseded muskets entirely. Repeating rifles quickly established themselves as the standard for rifle design, ending the era of the musket.
Volunteer Cadet Corps
The Volunteer Cadet Corps (VCC) is a national youth organisation managed by the United Kingdom's Royal Navy and sponsored by the UK's Ministry of Defence. The VCC comprises:

Headquarters VCC. Based at HMS Excellent in Portsmouth.

VCC Training Centre. Based at HMS Excellent.

Royal Naval VCC. Units in HMS Collingwood, HMS Excellent and HMS Sultan.

Royal Marines VCC. Units (Divisions) in Arbroath, Chivenor, Lympstone, Portsmouth, Gosport and Plymouth. plus the Band of the RMVCC Plymouth and the Band of the RMVCC Gosport.

The VCC is not part of the Sea Cadet Corps but exists alongside it as part of the Royal Navy's 'Navy Cadets' organization, which also includes CCF(RN) and RN Recognised Sea Scouts. The Royal Marines Volunteer Cadet Corps are part of the Royal Marines Cadets family alongside the Royal Marines Cadets of the Sea Cadet Corps and Combined Cadet Force.

Sea Cadets (United Kingdom)
The Sea Cadet Corps is a national youth charity operating in England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Malta and Bermuda. Cadets follow an ethos, training plan and rank structure similar to that of the Royal Navy, and are recognised by the UK Ministry of Defence.
Donna Moss
Donnatella Moss is a fictional character played by Janel Moloney on the television serial drama The West Wing. During most of the series, Donna works for White House Deputy Chief of Staff Josh Lyman as a senior assistant (or, as she jokingly calls herself in one episode, the "deputy deputy chief of staff"), until she quits her job to work for the presidential campaign of Bob Russell in season 6. Although all the senior staffs' assistants are continuing characters with personal backgrounds, Donna is the best defined and most often featured staff member on the assistant level, and her difficult, semi-romantic relationship with Josh is a recurring plotline throughout the show. She later works for Bob Russell's campaign for President as a spokeswoman, taking the same job for Matt Santos's campaign after Russell loses the primary.

Josh Lyman
Joshua Lyman is a fictional character played by Bradley Whitford on the television drama series The West Wing. The role earned Whitford the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2001. For most of the series, he is White House Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief Political Advisor in the Josiah Bartlet administration.

Josh is portrayed as having one of the sharpest minds on the President's staff; he is a witty, somewhat cocky, boyishly charming know-it-all.
Series (botany)
In botany and plant taxonomy, a series is a subdivision of a genus, a taxonomic rank below that of section (and subsection) but above that of species.

Sections and/or series are typically used to help organize very large genera, which may have hundreds of species.

Section (botany)
In botany, a section (Latin: sectio) is a taxonomic rank below the genus, but above the species. The subgenus, if present, is higher than the section, and the rank of series, if present, is below the section. Sections may in turn be divided into subsections.

Sections are typically used to help organise very large genera, which may have hundreds of species. A botanist wanting to distinguish groups of species may prefer to create a taxon at the rank of section or series to avoid making new combinations, i.e. many new binomial names for the species involved.

Examples:

Lilium sectio Martagon Rchb. are the Turks' cap lilies

Plagiochila aerea Taylor is the type species of Plagiochila sect. Bursatae
Democratic Centre (Croatia)
The Democratic Centre (Croatian: Demokratski centar; DC) was a minor Croatian center-right political party active in the 2000s. Originally established as an offshoot of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in 2000, the party eventually merged back into HDZ in 2015.

Croatian Democratic Union
The Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, lit. 'Croatian Democratic Community', HDZ) is a major conservative, centre-right to right-wing political party in Croatia. Since 2016, it has been the ruling political party in Croatia under the incumbent Prime Minister Andrej Plenković. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Croatia, along with the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). It is currently the largest party in the Sabor with 55 seats. The HDZ governed Croatia from 1990 before the country gained independence from Yugoslavia until 2000 and, in coalition with junior partners, from 2003 to 2011, and since 2016. HDZ is a member of the Centrist Democrat International, International Democracy Union, and the European People's Party, and sits in the European People's Party Group in the European Parliament. HDZ is the first political party in Croatia to be convicted of corruption.
Bakersfield College
Bakersfield College (BC) is a public community college in Bakersfield, California, United States. BC serves about 31,000 students each semester or 46,500 annually, and offers associate degrees, certificate programs, and is one of fifteen California Community Colleges offering a baccalaureate degree. It is part of the Kern Community College District (KCCD), which is itself part of the California Community Colleges system.

Kern Community College District
Kern Community College District is a community college district in Kern County, California. Colleges part of the district are: Bakersfield College, Porterville College, and Cerro Coso Community College.
Threshold potential
In electrophysiology, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. In neuroscience, threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV, but can vary based upon several factors. A neuron's resting membrane potential (–70 mV) can be altered to either increase or decrease likelihood of reaching threshold via sodium and potassium ions. An influx of sodium into the cell through open, voltage-gated sodium channels can depolarize the membrane past threshold and thus excite it while an efflux of potassium or influx of chloride can hyperpolarize the cell and thus inhibit threshold from being reached.

Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. It equals the interior potential minus the exterior potential. This is the energy (i.e. work) per charge which is required to move a (very small) positive charge at constant velocity across the cell membrane from the exterior to the interior. (If the charge is allowed to change velocity, the change of kinetic energy and production of radiation must be taken into account.)

Typical values of membrane potential, normally given in units of millivolts and denoted as mV, range from −80 mV to −40 mV. For such typical negative membrane potentials, positive work is required to move a positive charge from the interior to the exterior. However, thermal kinetic energy allows ions to overcome the potential difference. For a selectively permeable membrane, this permits a net flow against the gradient.
Ruben van der Meer
Ruben van der Meer (born 2 June 1970) is a Dutch actor and comedian. He is known as one of the comedians in the television show De Lama's together with Tijl Beckand, Ruben Nicolai and Jeroen van Koningsbrugge. He played roles in several films, including Amsterdam Vice (2019) and Yamas! (2024).

Jeroen van Koningsbrugge
Jeroen van Koningsbrugge (born 3 September 1973) is a Dutch actor, comedian, singer, director and presenter. He was a member of the television programme De Lama's and together with his friend Dennis van de Ven he makes the satirical television shows Neonletters and Draadstaal. Together with Van de Ven he has a band called Jurk!.
Blackwell-Girshick equation
The Blackwell-Girshick equation is an equation in probability theory that allows for the calculation of the variance of random sums of random variables. It is the equivalent of Wald's lemma for the expectation of composite distributions.

It is named after David Blackwell and Meyer Abraham Girshick.

Wald's equation
In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities. In its simplest form, it relates the expectation of a sum of randomly many finite-mean, independent and identically distributed random variables to the expected number of terms in the sum and the random variables' common expectation under the condition that the number of terms in the sum is independent of the summands.

The equation is named after the mathematician Abraham Wald. An identity for the second moment is given by the Blackwell–Girshick equation.
Garvald, East Lothian
Garvald is a village south-east of Haddington in East Lothian, Scotland. It lies on the Papana Water south of the B6370, east of Gifford. The combined parish of Garvald and Bara, borders Whittingehame to the East, Morham to the North, Yester to the West, and Lauder to the South. It is mainly an agricultural parish. The red freestone once constantly mined in this parish was well known throughout the whole country.

Whittingehame
Whittingehame is a parish with a small village in East Lothian, Scotland, about halfway between Haddington and Dunbar, and near East Linton. The area is on the slopes of the Lammermuir Hills. Whittingehame Tower dates from the 15th century and remains a residence.

The village is the birthplace and burial place of Prime Minister Arthur Balfour.
Wyoming Highway 321
Wyoming Highway 321 (WYO 321) is a 3.34-mile-long (5.38 km) north–south Wyoming State Road that is partially known as TY Basin Road and 1st Street and was once part of the Old Yellowstone Highway. WYO 321 travels from the junction with I-25/US 87/WYO 211, meets Wyoming Highway 313, and heads north to I-25/US 87 at exit 57 just north of Chugwater (Ty Basin Interchange). Wyoming Highway 321 was originally U.S. Highway 87, and its interchanges with I-25 are signed as I-25 Business.

U.S. Route 87 in Wyoming
U.S. Route 87 (US 87) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels Port Lavaca, Texas, north to Havre, Montana. In the state of Wyoming, it extends approximately 364 miles (586 km) from the Colorado state line south of Cheyenne to the Montana state line northwest of Ranchester. The majority of US 87 is concurrent with Interstate 25 and Interstate 90.
Leonidio
Leonidio (Greek: Λεωνίδιο, Katharevousa: Λεωνίδιον, Tsakonian: Αγιελήδι) is a town and a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality South Kynouria, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 418.65 km2, the community 102.67 km2. It is considered a traditional settlement.

Tsakonian Greek
Tsakonian or Tsaconian (also Tzakonian or Tsakonic, Greek: τσακωνικά, η τσακωνική διάλεκτος and Tsakonian: τσακώνικα, α τσακώνικα γρούσσα) is a highly divergent modern variety of Greek, spoken in the Tsakonian region of the Peloponnese, Greece. Unlike all other extant varieties of Greek, Tsakonian derives from Doric Greek rather than from the Attic–Ionic branch. Although it is conventionally treated as a dialect of Greek, some compendia treat it as a separate language.
Tsakonian is critically endangered, with only a few hundred or a few thousand, mostly elderly, fluent speakers left. Although Tsakonian and standard Modern Greek are related, they are not mutually intelligible.
XSB
XSB is the name of a dialect of the Prolog programming language and its implementation developed at Stony Brook University in collaboration with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the New University of Lisbon, Uppsala University and software vendor XSB, Inc.

XSB extends Prolog with tabled resolution and HiLog.

Prolog
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving,  and computational linguistics.

Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules, which define relations.  A computation is initiated by running a query over the program.

Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages and remains the most popular such language today, with several free and commercial implementations available. The language has been used for theorem proving, expert systems, term rewriting, type systems,, automated planning,, and question answering as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing.

Prolog is a Turing-complete, general-purpose programming language, which is well-suited for intelligent knowledge-processing applications.
Revelelva
Revelelva or Revelåga is the local name of the lowest part of the river Tverråga, which has its outlet in the larger river Ranelva in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The river changes its name at the bridge connecting European route E6 with Gruben. Before this bridge it is called Tverråga. Passing this bridge, it is called Revelelva.

Ranelva
Ranelva is a 130-kilometre (81 mi) long river in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is one of the longest rivers in Nordland county.  The catchment area of the river is 3,790 square kilometres (1,460 sq mi). Before the power stations of Reinforsen (1925) and Langvatnet (1964) were built, the catchment area was 3,843 square kilometres (1,484 sq mi).
Aghstafa District
41°07′08″N 45°27′14″E﻿ / ﻿41.11889°N 45.45389°E﻿ / 41.11889; 45.45389

Aghstafa District (Azerbaijani: Ağstafa rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the northwest of the country, it belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qazakh, Tovuz, as well as the Kakheti and Kvemo Kartli regions of Georgia. Its capital and largest city is Aghstafa. As of 2020, the district had a population of 88,500.

Tovuz District
Tovuz District (Azerbaijani: Tovuz rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north-west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Gadabay, Shamkir, Samukh, Agstafa, as well as the Tavush Province of Armenia and Kakheti region of Georgia. Its capital and largest city is Tovuz. As of 2020, the district had a population of 177,200. A major train line runs through the center, stopping at Tovuz Station.

In July 2020, Tovuz became the main site for the clashes with Armenia.
Busdriver
Regan Farquhar (born February 12, 1978), better known by his stage name Busdriver (sometimes stylized in all caps), is an American rapper and producer from Los Angeles. He has collaborated with rappers such as Myka 9, R.A.P. Ferreira, Nocando, Open Mike Eagle, 2Mex, Aesop Rock and Radioinactive. His primary producers have been Daedelus, Boom Bip, Daddy Kev, Loden, Paris Zax, Omid, Kenny Segal, and Nobody. He has also worked with D-Styles on two albums.

2Mex
Alejandro Ocana (born in 1973), better known by his stage name 2Mex, is an American rapper. He is a member of The Visionaries and of Mexican Descent. He has collaborated with underground hip hop artists such as Jel, Omid, Thavius Beck, Factor Chandelier, Radioinactive, and Isaiah "Ikey" Owens.
TO-252
TO-252, also known as DPAK or Decawatt Package, is a semiconductor package developed by Motorola for surface mounting on circuit boards. It represents a surface-mount variant of TO-251 package, and smaller variant of the D2PAK package. It is often used for high-power MOSFETs and voltage regulators.

TO-263
The Double Decawatt Package, D2PAK, SOT404 or DDPAK, standardized as TO-263, is a semiconductor package type intended for surface mounting on circuit boards. The TO-263 is designed by Motorola. They are similar to the earlier TO-220-style packages intended for high power dissipation but lack the extended metal tab and mounting hole, while representing a larger version of the TO-252, also known as DPAK, SMT package. As with all SMT packages, the pins on a D2PAK are bent to lie against the PCB surface. The TO-263 can have 3 to 7 terminals.

A pair of MOSFETs in the surface-mount package D2PAK.

A TO-220 package compared to a D2PAK package.
Wiener deconvolution
In mathematics, Wiener deconvolution is an application of the Wiener filter to the noise problems inherent in deconvolution. It works in the frequency domain, attempting to minimize the impact of deconvolved noise at frequencies which have a poor signal-to-noise ratio.

The Wiener deconvolution method has widespread use in image deconvolution applications, as the frequency spectrum of most visual images is fairly well behaved and may be estimated easily.

Wiener deconvolution is named after Norbert Wiener.

Wiener filter
In signal processing, the Wiener filter is a filter used to produce an estimate of a desired or target random process by linear time-invariant (LTI) filtering of an observed noisy process, assuming known stationary signal and noise spectra, and additive noise. The Wiener filter minimizes the mean square error between the estimated random process and the desired process.
Lornna Soto
Lornna J. Soto Villanueva (born May 27, 1970) is a Puerto Rican politician affiliated with the New Progressive Party (PNP). She is the current mayor of Canóvanas, succeeding her father, José "Chemo" Soto in 2014. Before being mayor, Soto was elected Senator for the district of Carolina in the 2004 general election along with Senator Héctor Martínez Maldonado. She served as Senator until 2013.

Chemo Soto
José Ramón "Chemo" Soto Rivera (December 17, 1943 – December 27, 2021) was a Puerto Rican politician who was the mayor of Canóvanas from 1993 to 2014, Puerto Rico and a member of the New Progressive Party.
Alsea River
The Alsea River flows 48.5 miles (78.1 km) from Alsea, an unincorporated community in the coastal mountains of the U.S. state of Oregon, to the Pacific Ocean near the city of Waldport. It begins at the confluence of the North Fork Alsea River and the South Fork Alsea River and ends in Alsea Bay, a wide estuary at Waldport. The river flows generally west-northwest in a winding course through the mountains of southern Benton and Lincoln counties, passing near the unincorporated community of Tidewater and through the Siuslaw National Forest. Its drainage basin extends into Lane County, along the headwaters of the South Fork Alsea River.

The Alsea River supports runs of chinook and coho salmon, as well as steelhead and coastal cutthroat trout. The Alsea River Fish Hatchery is along one of its tributaries, the North Fork Alsea River.

Alsea, Oregon
Alsea (/ˈælsi/ AL-see) is an unincorporated community in Benton County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is on Oregon Route 34 and the Alsea River. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Alsea as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to the local understanding of the area with the same name. As of the 2023 Census population estimates, the population was 220.