hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luzhsky District
Luzhsky District (Russian: Лу́жский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Gatchinsky District in the north, Tosnensky District in the northeast, Novgorodsky and Batetsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast in the southeast, Shimsky District, also of Novgorod Oblast, in the south, Plyussky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, Slantsevsky District in the west, and Volosovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 6,006.44 square kilometers (2,319.10 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Luga. Population (excluding the administrative center): 40,166 (2010 Census); 41,885 (2002 Census); 48,721 (1989 Soviet census).

Plyussky District
Plyussky District (Russian: Плю́сский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Slantsevsky District of Leningrad Oblast in the north, Luzhsky District of Leningrad Oblast in the northeast, Shimsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the east, Strugo-Krasnensky District in the south, and with Gdovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,767 square kilometers (1,068 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Plyussa. Population: 9,187 (2010 Census); 11,610 (2002 Census); 13,988 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Plyussa accounts for 37.6% of the district's total population.
Jean Borotra
Jean Laurent Robert Borotra (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʁɔbɛʁ bɔ.ʁotʁa], Basque pronunciation: [borotɾa]; 13 August 1898 – 17 July 1994) was a French tennis champion. He was one of the "Four Musketeers" from his country who dominated tennis in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Borotra was imprisoned in Itter Castle during the latter years of World War II and subsequently fought in the Battle for Castle Itter.

Battle of Castle Itter
The Battle of Castle Itter was fought on 5 May 1945, in the Austrian village of Itter in the North Tyrol region of the country, during the last days of the European Theater of World War II.

Troops of the 23rd Tank Battalion of the 12th Armored Division of the US XXI Corps led by Lieutenant John C. "Jack" Lee Jr., a number of Wehrmacht soldiers led by Major Josef "Sepp" Gangl, SS-Hauptsturmführer Kurt-Siegfried Schrader, and recently freed French prisoners of war defended Castle Itter against an attacking force from the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division until relief from the American 142nd Infantry Regiment of the 36th Division of XXI Corps arrived.

The battle is one of two known times during the war in which Americans and Germans fought side by side, the other being Operation Cowboy, and the only known time where an active member of the Waffen-SS fought on the Allied side. Popular accounts have called it the strangest battle of World War II.
Yahtse Glacier
Yahtse Glacier is a 40-mile-long (64 km) glacier in the U.S. state of Alaska. It begins on the southeast slope of Mount Miller and trends southeast along the north border of Guyot Glacier to Icy Bay, just east of Guyot Hills and 70 miles (110 km) northwest of Yakutat. The western extent is an icefield. The name derives from the Yahtse River and was adopted after the retreat of Guyot Glacier resulted in a separate branch.

Guyot Glacier
Guyot Glacier is a 34-mile (55 km) long and 8-mile (13 km) wide glacier located in the east end of the Robinson Mountains in the U.S. state of Alaska. It begins 5.6 mi (9.0 km) north of Yaga Peak and heads east-southeast to Icy Bay, south of the Guyot Hills and 73 miles (117 km) northwest of Yakutat. It borders Yahtse Glacier on the northeast. The glacier was named by the New York Times expedition of 1886 for Arnold Henry Guyot.
Cheltenham Science Festival
51°53′24″N 2°04′41″W﻿ / ﻿51.890°N 2.078°W﻿ / 51.890; -2.078
Cheltenham Science Festival is one of the UK's leading science festivals, and is part of Cheltenham Festivals: also responsible for the Jazz, Music and Literature Festivals that run every year.

The 2018 Cheltenham Science Festival (6–11 June) was held in Imperial Square, Cheltenham.

Cheltenham Festivals
51°53′24″N 2°04′41″W﻿ / ﻿51.890°N 2.078°W﻿ / 51.890; -2.078
Cheltenham Festivals is a registered charity that aims to bring joy, spark curiosity, connect communities, and inspire change year-round with four world-class festivals in jazz, science, music, and literature, and charitable programmes for education, community, and talent development in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England.
Arizona Wildcats baseball
The Arizona Wildcats baseball team is the intercollegiate men's baseball program representing the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, United States. They compete in the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) of NCAA Division I.

Arizona has won four college baseball national championships (1976, 1980, 1986 and 2012), the first three under Jerry Kindall and the most recent under Andy Lopez. The team has appeared in the College World Series Championship Game or Series on four other occasions (1956, 1959, 1963, and 2016). The Wildcats have appeared in 44 NCAA baseball tournaments in their rich history. Arizona ranks ninth in all-time wins and eight in all-time win percentage, with an all-time record of 3,068–1,674–22 (.646) as of the 2025 season.  Arizona fielded its first team in 1905.

1986 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 1986 NCAA Division I baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1986 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball.  The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its fortieth year.  Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event.  Four regions held a four team, double-elimination tournament while the remaining four regions included six teams, resulting in 40 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament.  The fortieth tournament's champion was Arizona, coached by Jerry Kindall.  The Most Outstanding Player was Mike Senne of Arizona.
Federico Callori di Vignale
Federico Callori di Vignale (15 December 1890 – 10 August 1971) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Master of the Sacred Apostolic Palace from 1958 to 1965 and was made a cardinal in 1965.

Prefecture of the Papal Household
The Prefecture of the Papal Household (Prefettura della Casa Pontificia) is the office in charge of the Papal Household, a section of the Roman Curia containing the Papal Chapel (Cappella Pontificia) and the Papal Family (Familia Pontificia).

The position of prefect has been vacant since Archbishop Georg Gänswein concluded his service on 28 February 2023.
Tolkien research
The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of his fantasy writings. These encompass The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, along with his legendarium that remained unpublished until after his death, and his constructed languages, especially the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin. Scholars from different disciplines have examined the linguistic and literary origins of Middle-earth, and have explored many aspects of his writings from Christianity to feminism and race.

Themes of The Lord of the Rings
Scholars and critics have identified many themes of The Lord of the Rings, a major fantasy novel by J. R. R. Tolkien, including a reversed quest, the struggle of good and evil, death and immortality, fate and free will, the danger of power, and various aspects of Christianity such as the presence of three Christ figures, for prophet, priest, and king, as well as elements such as hope and redemptive suffering. There is also a strong thread throughout the work of language, its sound, and its relationship to peoples and places, along with moralisation from descriptions of landscape. Out of these, Tolkien stated that the central theme is death and immortality.

Some modern commentators have criticised Tolkien for supposed failings in The Lord of the Rings, such as not including significant women, not being relevant to city-dwellers, not overtly showing any religion, and for racism, though others have defended Tolkien against all these charges.
Laudato si' (oratorio)
Laudato si' is an oratorio composed in 2016 by Peter Reulein on a libretto by Helmut Schlegel. Subtitled Ein franziskanisches Magnificat (a Franciscan Magnificat), it includes the full Latin text of the Magnificat, expanded by writings of Clare of Assisi, Francis of Assisi and Pope Francis. The composer set it for five soloists, children's choir, Choralschola, mixed choir, symphony orchestra and organ. It was published in 2016 by the Dehm Verlag, and was premiered on 6 November 2016 at the Limburg Cathedral, conducted by the composer.

Clare of Assisi
Chiara Offreduccio (16 July 1194 – 11 August 1253), known as Clare of Assisi (sometimes spelled Clara, Clair or Claire; Italian: Chiara d'Assisi), is an Italian saint who was one of the first followers of Francis of Assisi.

Inspired by the teachings of St. Francis, St. Clare founded the Order of Poor Ladies, a monastic religious order for women in the Franciscan tradition. The Order of Poor Ladies was different from any other order or convent because it followed a rule of strict poverty. Clare wrote their Rule of Life, the first set of monastic guidelines known to have been written by a woman. Following her death, the order she founded was renamed in her honor as the Order of Saint Clare, commonly referred to today as the Poor Clares. Her feast day is on the 11th of August every year.
Storz Brewing Company
The Storz Brewing Company was located at 1807 North 16th Street in North Omaha, Nebraska. Established from a company started in 1863, Storz Brewing began in 1876 by Gottlieb Storz and was owned by the Storz family until 1966; the brewery ceased operations in 1972. Their beers won several prizes in international competitions, and Storz was the top selling brand in Nebraska starting in World War II. Storz was one of the "Big 4" brewers located in Omaha, which also included the Krug, Willow Springs and Metz breweries. On August 8, 2013, it was announced the brand would be revived by Tom Markel, nephew of Monnie Storz Markel, the granddaughter of Gottlieb Storz, with his cousin John Markel, son of Monnie Storz Markel as investor.

Gottlieb Storz
Gottlieb Storz (1852–1939) was a pioneer entrepreneur in Omaha, Nebraska. Born in Benningen, Wurttemberg, Storz was the founder of the Storz Brewery. He was an important member of Omaha's German immigrant community, and an important businessman in Omaha history. Storz was regarded as a "giant in the brewing world".
Linus Klausenitzer
Linus Klausenitzer is a German bassist, best known for being a former bassist for the technical death metal band Obscura. He also plays bass in a German/Dutch progressive death metal band Noneuclid, as well as progressive death metal project Alkaloid along with former members of both Obscura and Noneuclid.

Obscura (band)
Obscura is a German technical death metal band from Landshut, founded by guitarist and vocalist Steffen Kummerer in 2002. The band has released seven studio albums, a compilation album and sixteen music videos since its formation. Their latest album, A Sonication, was released in February 2025.
LB&SCR I2 class
The LBSCR I2 class was a class of 4-4-2 steam tank locomotives designed by D. E. Marsh for suburban passenger service on the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway.  The I4 class were of the same design but incorporated a superheated boiler.

D. E. Marsh
Douglas Earle Marsh (1862–1933) was an English railway engineer, and was the Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Superintendent of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway from November 1904 until his early retirement on health grounds in July 1911.
Diocese of Hong Kong Island
The Diocese of Hong Kong Island is one of the three dioceses under the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui, a province of the Anglican Communion. Its territory covers Hong Kong Island and the outlying islands. The cathedral of the diocese, St. John's Cathedral, is the oldest surviving Western ecclesiastical building in Hong Kong. It was constructed in the 1840s.

The incumbent Bishop of Hong Kong Island, Matthias Der, was consecrated as bishop on 3 October 2020 and enthroned on 2 January 2021. Der succeeded Paul Kwong as bishop of the diocese, who served concurrently as Archbishop and Primate of Hong Kong.

Paul Kwong
Paul Kwong CStJ (Chinese: 鄺保羅; born 28 February 1950) is a retired Anglican bishop from Hong Kong, who served as Archbishop and Primate of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui, Bishop of Hong Kong Island, and Bishop of Macau from 2007 to 2021. Kwong is also the current chair of the Anglican Consultative Council, as the first sitting primate to lead an ACC meeting. Kwong is also a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) taking a pro-Beijing stance.
Kris Odegard
Kris Odegard (born February 29, 1980) is a Canadian retired racquetball player from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Odegard won four Canadian Championships – two in singles and two in doubles. He also won several medals in international competition as part of Team Canada highlighted by gold in Men's Singles at the 2006 Pan American Championships.

Mike Green (racquetball)
Mike Green (born August 22, 1973) is a Canadian retired racquetball player from Burlington, Ontario. Green set the record for Men's Singles Canadian Championships at 11 in 2017, which broke a tie he had with Sherman Greenfeld. He also won 10 Men's Doubles Canadian Championships, and together those 21 Canadian titles are the most for a Canadian man.
Peter Anderson (abolitionist)
Peter Anderson (c. 1822–1879) was an African American newspaper publisher and activist who actively participated in California State Colored Conventions during the 1800s. Anderson was also co-founded the newspaper called the Pacific Appeal (1862–1880), which advocated black rights and helped activists network. Anderson and his coeditor Philip Alexander Bell argued often and eventually these disagreements led Bell to split off and create his own paper called The Elevator while Peterson continued with the Pacific Appeal.

California State Convention of Colored Citizens
The California State Convention of Colored Citizens (CSCCC) was a series of colored convention events active from 1855 to 1902. The convention was one of several social movement conventions that took place in the mid-19th century in many states across the United States.
Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the term hunting generally refers to hunting with hounds, e.g. normally fox hunting, stag (deer) hunting, beagling, or minkhunting, whereas shooting is the shooting of game birds. What is called deer hunting elsewhere is deer stalking. According to the British Association for Shooting and Conservation (BASC) over a million people a year participate in shooting, including stalking, shooting, hunting, clay shooting and target shooting. Firearm ownership is regulated by licensing. Hunting lodges have long facilitated hunting and shooting activities in the United Kingdom, and continue to form a key part of the rural economy.

British Association for Shooting and Conservation
The British Association for Shooting and Conservation (BASC) is a registered society under the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014, whose mission is to promote and protect sporting shooting and the well-being of the countryside throughout the United Kingdom and overseas. It has a membership of over 150,000. Its magazine Shooting and Conservation had an average circulation of around 135,000 in 2017.

Sporting shooting includes wildfowling, game, and rough shooting, deer stalking, target shooting and air gunning, pigeon shooting and pest control, gundogs and promoting practical habitat conservation. BASC is also involved in the political representation of shooting, training and the setting of standards in shooting sports and the association undertakes research in its area of interest.
Wacker Drive
Wacker Drive is a multilevel street in Chicago, Illinois, running along the south bank of the main branch and the east bank of the south branch of the Chicago River through the Chicago Loop. Much of the roadway is double-decked: the upper level carries regular vehicular traffic, while Lower Wacker Drive accommodates service vehicles, including delivery trucks, waste collection, and utility access.

Because the street follows the curved course of the Chicago River, Lower Wacker Drive is the only roadway in the city that carries both north–south and east–west address designations. In certain sections there is a third level, sometimes referred to as Lower Lower Wacker Drive or Sub-Lower Wacker Drive. This level is primarily used for vehicle towing and impound operations, utility infrastructure, and railroad maintaince   access.

Wacker Drive is named for early 20th-century Chicago businessman and city planner Charles H. Wacker.

Charles H. Wacker
Charles Henry Wacker (August 29, 1856 – October 31, 1929) was an American businessman and philanthropist.  He was vice chairman of the general committee of the Commercial Club of Chicago, and in 1909 was appointed chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission by Mayor Fred A. Busse.  As commission chairman from 1909 to 1926, he championed the Burnham Plan for improving Chicago. His work to promote the plan included addresses, obtaining wide publicity from newspapers, and publishing Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago (by Walter D. Moody) as a textbook for local schoolchildren.
ANFA Complex
ANFA Complex is a football stadium and training facility and hosts the headquarters of All Nepal Football Association in Lalitpur, Nepal built in 1999 by All Nepal Football Association. It consists of ANFA House (the current HQ of ANFA), an ANFA Academy, a hostel, and a football ground.

Initially built as an office and hostel for youth-level players, a ground was constructed alongside the facility in order to train the players onsite. The ground was later renovated to include an artificial turf for pitch durability due to Nepal's climate requiring constant pitch maintenance. It was built under FIFA's GOAL Project. In 2015, parapets was then constructed and the ground was inaugurated as a national stadium in time for the 2015 SAFF U-19 Championship. With a capacity of 6,000 audiences, ANFA Complex played the role as an unrivaled setting for 43rd edition of the Martyr’s Memorial A-Division League.

All Nepal Football Association
The All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) (Nepali: अखिल नेपाल फुटबल संघ (एन्फा)) is the governing body of football in Nepal. It is responsible for the men's and women's national teams as well as club competitions. The organisation was founded in 1951 as the All Nepal Football Association and became affiliated with FIFA in 1972. The current President of ANFA is Pankaj Bikram Nembang. Its current headquarters is located in the ANFA House in ANFA Complex, Satdobato.
Carrer d'Aragó, Barcelona
Carrer d'Aragó is a major thoroughfare in Barcelona, one of the widest and busiest roads of the districts it cuts through, especially Eixample but also Sant Martí. Its creation was passed in 1863, and was part of Ildefons Cerdà's urban plan, appearing as L Street in 1867, even though that name was never approved. Instead, another name, a reference to the Crown of Aragon, was proposed in 1863 by Víctor Balaguer, who was commissioned by the city council to rename all the streets in the area. Its Spanish-language rendition, Calle de Aragón, was the official designation back then. It starts in Carrer de Tarragona and it becomes Rambla de Guipúscoa at the intersection with Carrer de Lope de Vega.

Eixample
The Eixample (Catalan: [əˈʃamplə] 'Expansion'; Spanish: Ensanche [enˈsantʃe]) is a district of Barcelona between the old city (Ciutat Vella) and what were once surrounding small towns (Sants, Gràcia, Sant Andreu, etc.), constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its population was 262,000 at the last census (2005).
Hudson, Massachusetts
Hudson is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, with a total population of 20,092 as of the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Before its incorporation as a town in 1866, Hudson was a neighborhood and unincorporated village of Marlborough, Massachusetts, and was known as Feltonville. From approximately 1850 until the last shoe factory burned down in 1968, Hudson was a mill town specializing in the production of shoes and related products. At one point, the town had 17 shoe factories, many of them powered by the Assabet River, which runs through town. The many factories in Hudson attracted immigrants from Canada and Europe. Today most residents are of either Portuguese or Irish descent, with a smaller percentage being of French, Italian, English, or Scotch-Irish descent. While some manufacturing remains in Hudson, the town is now primarily residential. Hudson is served by the Hudson Public Schools district.

Hudson Public Schools
The Hudson Public Schools District is a coalition of public schools located in Hudson, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. The superintendent of Hudson Public Schools is Dr. Brian Reagan. The Hudson Public Schools' office is located at 155 Apsley Street in Hudson in the former Harriman Grammar School building.
Tomb of Hamrath
The Tomb of Hamrath was a late Hellenistic mausoleum that formerly stood in As-Suwayda, a city in the Hauran area, in modern-day Syria. From its inscription, it is known that the mausoleum was dedicated to a woman named Hamrath, and the style of lettering allows for its dating to the 1st century BC. The monument featured a design recalling classical Greek architecture with Hellenistic influence, including a stepped pyramid.

Kamouh el Hermel
Kamouh el Hermel, the Pyramid of Hermel (also known as God's Pyramid, House of El, the Funnel of Hermel or Needle of Hermel) is an ancient pyramid located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Hermel in Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.
Gothic hilted British infantry swords
The Gothic hilted swords are a family of swords carried by officers and some NCOs of the British Army between 1822 and the present day. They are primarily infantry swords, although they were also regulation pattern for some other officers such as surgeons and staff officers. The term "Gothic hilt" is derived from a perceived similarity between the curved bars of the guard and the arches found in Gothic architecture. They are elegant aesthetically pleasing weapons, although considered by some to be mediocre fighting swords. The weapon and its variants had a very long service life.

They were replaced ultimately by the 1897 pattern British infantry officer's sword, first having the 1822 pipe-back blade replaced by the 1845 fullered blade, then the 1845-type blade replaced by a new thrusting blade in 1892 and then receiving a new steel hilt in 1895, which was then updated slightly in 1897.

Pattern 1796 infantry officer's sword
The Pattern 1796 British infantry officer's sword was carried by officers of the line infantry in the British Army between 1796 and the time of its official replacement with the gothic hilted sword in 1822. This period encompassed the whole of the Napoleonic Wars.