hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seversky XP-41
The Seversky XP-41 was a fighter aircraft built in the United States in 1939. A single prototype was modified from the last production Seversky P-35 by adding a new streamlined canopy, a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-19 engine with a two-speed supercharger, and revised landing gear. The XP-41 first flew in March 1939. The aircraft was developed in parallel with the P-43 Lancer, and work was stopped when the USAAC showed a preference for the latter.

Seversky P-35
The Seversky P-35 is an American fighter aircraft that was built by the Seversky Aircraft Company in the late 1930s. A contemporary of the Hawker Hurricane and Messerschmitt Bf 109, the P-35 was the first single-seat fighter in United States Army Air Corps to feature all-metal construction, retractable landing gear, and an enclosed cockpit.
Divisor function
In mathematics, and specifically in number theory, a divisor function is an arithmetic function related to the divisors of an integer. When referred to as the divisor function, it counts the number of divisors of an integer (including 1 and the number itself). It appears in a number of remarkable identities, including relationships on the Riemann zeta function and the Eisenstein series of modular forms. Divisor functions were studied by Ramanujan, who gave a number of important congruences and identities; these are treated separately in the article Ramanujan's sum.

A related function is the divisor summatory function, which, as the name implies, is a sum over the divisor function.

Eisenstein series
Eisenstein series, named after German mathematician Gotthold Eisenstein, are particular modular forms with infinite series expansions that may be written down directly. Originally defined for the modular group, Eisenstein series can be generalized in the theory of automorphic forms.
Bertrand Stewart
Bertrand Stewart (December 1872 – 12 September 1914) worked as a solicitor in London and was also a military officer in the Queen's Own West Kent Yeomanry, he fought in the Second Boer War and the First World War.  In between the two wars he volunteered to spy on German naval actions.  He was famously arrested in Germany on 2 August 1911 and sentenced to four years in prison.  Stewart and another British spy, Captain Trench, were pardoned and released by the German Kaiser as a present to Ernest Augustus the Duke of Brunswick when Augustus married the Kaiser's daughter, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia. He died fighting off a German attack near the River Vesle during the Battle of the Marne.

Bernard Frederick Trench
Captain Bernard Frederick Trench (17 July 1880 – 10 October 1967) was a British soldier and famous spy who was caught and convicted by the German authorities just a few years before World War I. In 1913 he was released as a present to Ernest Augustus the Duke of Brunswick when Augustus married the German Kaiser's daughter, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.
José Sisto
José Sisto, also called José Sisto Rodrigo and José Sixto, was twice Governor of Guam, first after overthrowing Francisco Martínez Portusach, and again after being legitimately placed in the position by the United States government. He served as Spanish administrator of the Public Treasury in Guam until the United States captured the island during the Spanish–American War. When Martínez was named Commissioner, Sisto quickly staged a coup d'état and claimed the position as the highest ranking Spanish official on the island. He began arming native guards and commandeering ammunition, but was briefly overthrown by Venancio Roberto and other pro-American elements on December 31, 1898, but was officially put into power by officers of the United States Navy only two days later after they decided he held a legitimate claim to the position.  His second term was brief, and he officially relinquished control on February 1, 1899 after learning that the United States had obtained Guam.

Venancio Roberto
Venancio Roberto was a resident of Hagåtña, Guam who briefly seized the office of Commissioner of Guam from December 31, 1898, to January 2, 1899, before his rule was declared illegitimate by Lieutenant Commander Vincendon Cottman of USS Brutus. In 1898, Roberto overthrew José Sisto, and was put in office by a military junta composed of a number of district leaders from around the island; only two days later, the United States Navy decided that Sisto held the legitimate claim to the office, despite Roberto's generally more pro-United States leanings. The coalition, which included local leader Father José Palomo y Torres and former governor Francisco Portusach Martínez, stepped aside until the ownership of Guam could be determined.
In Advance of the Broken Arm
In Advance of the Broken Arm, also called Prelude to a Broken Arm, is a 1915 sculpture by Dada artist Marcel Duchamp that consisted of a snow shovel with "from Marcel Duchamp 1915" painted on the handle. One explanation for the title is that without the shovel to remove snow, one might fall and break an arm. This type of humor is typical of dadaist work.

An antidote to what Duchamp called "retinal art", In Advance of the Broken Arm was the second of a series of sculptures that he named "ready-mades", the most famous of which is his 1917 Fountain. At the time, the term "ready-made" referred to manufactured goods as opposed to handmade goods, but Duchamp used the term to describe "an ordinary object elevated to the dignity of a work of art by the mere choice of an artist".

The original was hung from a wire in Duchamp's studio and has since been lost. A replica of the sculpture is on display at the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
Marina Bay, Singapore
Marina Bay is a bay located in the Central Area of Singapore, surrounded by the perimeter of four other planning areas, the Downtown Core, Marina East, Marina South and Straits View. The area surrounding the bay itself, also called Marina Bay, is a 360 hectare extension to the adjacent Central Business District. It is also the new downtown of Singapore, built on Singapore's reclaimed land.

Buildings include Gardens by the Bay, the Marina Bay Sands, Marina Bay Financial Centre, Asia Square, The Sail @ Marina Bay and Marina One integrated mixed-use developments. It is one of the key focus areas by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. Marina Bay is envisioned by the URA as a work-live-play vibrant 24-hour CBD.

Marina South
Marina South is a planning area located within the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. It is largely home to Gardens by the Bay as well as the Marina Barrage. The name has also been used to refer to the larger peninsula the planning area is situated on, which encompasses the planning areas of Straits View and a portion of the Downtown Core.

Marina South is bordered by Marina East to the north and northeast, Straits View to the southwest, the Downtown Core to the north and west, as well as the Singapore Straits to the south and east.
Sergei Kharitonov
Sergei Valerievich Kharitonov (Russian: Серге́й Вале́рьевич Харито́нов, romanized: Sergéj Valér'jevich Kharitónov, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej xərʲɪˈtonəf]; born August 18, 1980) is a Russian professional boxer, mixed martial artist and former kickboxer. A professional MMA competitor since 2000, Kharitonov has previously fought in Japanese MMA organizations PRIDE Fighting Championships & DREAM (Both in Japan), Bellator MMA, M-1 Global, Strikeforce, and GLORY.

Kharitonov has competed in two major mixed martial arts tournaments and one major kickboxing tournament. He holds notable wins over former EliteXC Middleweight Champion Murilo Rua, former K-1 Champion Semmy Schilt,  former Strikeforce Heavyweight Champion Alistair Overeem, and former UFC Heavyweight Champions Andrei Arlovski and Fabrício Werdum.

Alistair Overeem
Alistair Cees Overeem (born 17 May 1980) is a Dutch former professional mixed martial artist and kickboxer. He is a former Strikeforce Heavyweight Champion, Dream Heavyweight Champion, K-1 World Grand Prix Champion, and was the first fighter to hold world titles in MMA and K-1 kickboxing at the same time. Overeem is also a one-time challenger for the UFC Heavyweight Championship.
Electronic rock
Electronic rock (also known as synth rock and electro rock) is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s when rock bands began incorporating electronic instrumentation into their music. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk and electroclash.

Dance-punk
Dance-punk is a subgenre of post-punk that emerged in the late 1970s, and is closely associated with the disco, post-disco and new wave movements. The genre, which began originally as disco-punk or punk funk, is characterized by the incorporation of the angularity and syncopation of funk and the upbeat, danceable rhythms of disco into post-punk, art punk and more general punk rock. Its development is closely related to avant-funk, originally known as mutant disco. It was most prominent in punk in New York City, overlapping into the no wave movement.
Jim Walls
Jim Walls  is an American video game designer. He is notable for having designed the successful Police Quest series of adventure games for Sierra On-Line.

After working as a California Highway Patrol officer from 1971 to 1986, Walls met Sierra president Ken Williams, who wished to create an adventure game in the police procedural genre. Walls, though inexperienced with computers, offered his policing experience. During his career at Sierra, Walls designed the first three Police Quest entries and Codename: ICEMAN.

After leaving Sierra in the early 1990s, Walls joined several other game developers, including Tsunami Media in 1992 and Westwood Studios in 1996, before retiring in 2003. In 2013, Walls planned to develop Precinct, a spiritual successor to Police Quest, but the crowdfunding campaign failed.

Police Quest
Police Quest (or SWAT) is a series of police simulation video games produced and published by Sierra On-Line between 1987 and 1998. The first five were adventure simulation games, the first three of which were designed by former police officer Jim Walls. The fourth to sixth titles were designed by former LAPD Chief Daryl F. Gates. Both SWAT and the real-time tactics game SWAT 2 still carried the Police Quest name and were numbered V and VI in the series, respectively, although subsequent titles in the series would drop the Police Quest title altogether and were rebranded as SWAT.
Rutherglen Football Club (1893)
The Rutherglen Football Club was an Australian rules football club based in Rutherglen, Victoria, being a founding member of the Ovens & Murray Football League in 1893. In 1979, the club merged with Corowa to form the Corowa-Rutherglen FC, joining the Ovens & Murray Football League.

Corowa-Rutherglen Football Club
The Corowa-Rutherglen Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Kangaroos, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the town of Corowa in New South Wales. Corowa-Rutherglen's football and netball squads formerly played in the Ovens & Murray Football League.

The club is notable for producing many VFL / AFL football players over many years, including John Longmire.
Turkish Airlines
Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları), or legally Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı, is the flag carrier of Turkey. As of June 2024, it operates scheduled services to 352 destinations (including cargo) in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas. The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world and flies to 131 countries, more than any other airline. With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division Turkish Cargo serves 82 destinations. The airline also owns a low-cost subsidiary, AJet.

The airline's corporate headquarters are on the grounds of Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. The airline's main base is Istanbul Airport in Arnavutköy. It has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.

Star Alliance
Star Alliance is an airline alliance headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. Founded on 14 May 1997, it was the world's first global airline alliance. Star Alliance has 25 member airlines that operate a combined fleet of over 5,000 aircraft, serving more than 1,300 airports in 195 countries on more than 19,000 daily departures.

As of April 2024, it is the world's largest airline alliance by market share, holding 17.4 percent compared to 13.7 percent for SkyTeam and 11.9 percent for Oneworld.

The alliance has a two-tier rewards program, Silver and Gold, with incentives including priority boarding and upgrades. Like other airline alliances, Star Alliance airlines share airport terminals (known as co-locations), and many member aircraft are painted in the alliance's livery.
Virtuosi Racing
Virtuosi Racing (formerly Virtuosi UK) is a British racing team currently competing in the F4 British Championship. The team previously raced in the Auto GP series, in addition to running the Russian Time outfit in Formula 2 and its predecessor GP2 Series from 2015 to 2018. With the withdrawal of Russian Time, the team assumed its new name UNI-Virtuosi Racing for the 2019 Formula 2 season. A partnership with watch company Invicta resulted in a further name change for 2023, a partial takeover which saw the birth of Invicta Racing in 2024, and a full takeover in 2025.

Invicta Racing
Invicta Racing is a British auto racing team currently competing in the FIA Formula 2 Championship. Owned by the Invicta Watch Group, it started racing in 2024 by gradually absorbing Virtuosi Racing's Formula 2 team, a process it completed in 2025.
CJ Carella's WitchCraft
CJ Carella's WitchCraft, originally published as WitchCraft (ISBN 978-1891153402), is a modern horror role-playing game published by Eden Studios, Inc. It is based on the Unisystem game system and was initially published by Myrmidon Press in July 1996. In both cases it was designed and written by C. J. Carella.  WitchCraft was the first RPG to use the Unisystem game system. The system was later adapted for other games, such as Eden's Buffy the Vampire Slayer Roleplaying Game.

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Roleplaying Game
The Buffy the Vampire Slayer Roleplaying Game was published by Eden Studios, Inc. in 2002. It is based on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer that ran from 1997–2003. It is written by C. J. Carella, and uses the Unisystem game engine that many of Eden's games used.
Georgy Alburov
Georgy Alburov (Russian: Гео́ргий Валенти́нович Албу́ров, born October 9, 1989) is a Russian political and social activist, journalist, and blogger. Up to 2021, together with Maria Pevchikh, he was a head of the investigation department at the Anti-Corruption Foundation founded by Alexei Navalny in 2011. At the time when Alburov headed the department, the FBK released the investigative films "Chaika" (2015) and "He Is Not Dimon to You" (2017).

Maria Pevchikh
Maria Konstantinovna Pevchikh (Russian: Мария Константиновна Певчих; born August 15, 1987) is a Russian investigative journalist and anti-corruption activist who has served as the chairwoman of the board of directors of the Anti-Corruption Foundation since March 2023. Pevchikh is known for exposing high-level corruption in Russia.
Open file
An open file in chess is a file with no pawns of either color on it.  In the diagram, the e-file is an open file.  An open file can provide a line of attack for a rook or queen. Having rooks or queens on open files or half-open files is considered advantageous, as it allows a player to attack more easily, since a rook or queen can move down the file to penetrate the opponent's position.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Meizu PRO 5 Ubuntu Edition
The Meizu PRO 5 Ubuntu Edition is a smartphone designed and produced by the Chinese manufacturer Meizu, which runs on Ubuntu Touch. It is an alternative version of the Meizu PRO 5. It was unveiled on February 17, 2016.

Meizu PRO 5
The Meizu PRO 5 is a smartphone designed and produced by the Chinese manufacturer Meizu, which runs on Flyme OS, Meizu's modified Android operating system. It is the company's first model of the flagship PRO series. It was unveiled on September 23, 2015, in Beijing.
Microsoft Talisman
Talisman was a Microsoft project to build a new 3D graphics architecture based on quickly compositing 2D "sub-images" onto the screen, an adaptation of tiled rendering. In theory, this approach would dramatically reduce the amount of memory bandwidth required for 3D games and thereby lead to lower-cost graphics accelerators. The project took place during the introduction of the first high-performance 3D accelerators, and these quickly surpassed Talisman in both performance and price. No Talisman-based systems were ever released commercially, and the project was eventually cancelled in the late 1990s.

Tiled rendering
Tiled rendering is the process of subdividing a computer graphics image by a regular grid in optical space and rendering each section of the grid, or tile, separately. The advantage to this design is that the amount of memory and bandwidth is reduced compared to immediate mode rendering systems that draw the entire frame at once. This has made tile rendering systems particularly common for low-power handheld device use. Tiled rendering is sometimes known as a "sort middle" architecture, because it performs the sorting of the geometry in the middle of the graphics pipeline instead of near the end.
Jane Verin
Jane Verin (née Reeves; c. 1610s – after 1640) was an early settler of Providence in New England (present-day Providence, Rhode Island). In a 1638 Providence town meeting the assembly disenfranchised her husband, Joshua Verin, for preventing her from attending religious meetings, marking the first recorded instance in the colonies in which a woman's freedom of conscience was legally recognized as independent of her spouse's authority. The decision influenced the language of the 1640 Providence Combination, which explicitly affirmed "liberty of conscience."

Providence Combination of 1640
The Providence Combination of 1640, referred to then as the Combination & Plantation Agreement, established a civil government for the Providence Plantation, which encompassed what is now Providence and parts of Cranston and Pawtucket in Rhode Island. This document stands as the first governmental instrument in Western history to explicitly mention "liberty of conscience."

The Combination—so named because it "combined" the inhabitants into a unified civil body—brought several groundbreaking advancements to colonial governance, including a democratic government based on arbitration, the formal acknowledgment of liberty of conscience as a fundamental right, and the unprecedented inclusion of women as signatories to a political agreement.
Dryopteris intermedia
Dryopteris intermedia, the intermediate wood fern or evergreen wood fern, is a perennial, evergreen wood fern native to eastern North America. It is a diploid species, and is the parent of several species of hybrid origin, including Dryopteris carthusiana. Other common names for this species include intermediate shield fern, fancy wood fern, fancy fern, glandular wood fern, American shield fern and common wood fern.

This fern is often confused with several other wood fern species, including D. carthusiana, D. campyloptera, and D. expansa. It especially extensively shares the range of D. carthusiana, but the two may be distinguished by the innermost pinnule on the bottom side of the bottom pinna: this pinnule is longer than the adjacent pinnules in D. carthusiana, but shorter or even in D. intermedia.

Dryopteris carthusiana
Dryopteris carthusiana is a perennial species of fern native to damp forests throughout the Holarctic Kingdom. It is known as the narrow buckler-fern in the United Kingdom, and as the spinulose woodfern in North America.

It is a tetraploid of hybrid origin, one parent being Dryopteris intermedia, known in North America as the intermediate wood fern, and an unknown, apparently extinct species dubbed Dryopteris semicristata, which is also the presumed parent of the hybrid-origin Dryopteris cristata.
Chiral polytope
In the study of abstract polytopes, a chiral polytope is a polytope that is as symmetric as possible without being mirror-symmetric, formalized in terms of the action of the symmetry group of the polytope on its flags.

Abstract polytope
In mathematics, an abstract polytope is an algebraic partially ordered set which captures certain combinatorial properties of a traditional polytope without specifying purely geometric properties such as the position of vertices.

A geometric polytope is said to be a realization of an abstract polytope in some real n-dimensional space, typically Euclidean. This abstract definition allows more general combinatorial structures than traditional definitions of a polytope, thus allowing new objects that have no counterpart in traditional theory.
Nikki, Benin
Nikki [ni.ki] is a town, arrondissement, and commune located in the Borgou Department of Benin. The commune covers an area of 3171 square kilometres and as of 2002 had a population of 99,251 people.

Nikki is a major centre of the Batonuo people and is home to a traditional king, resident in the centre of the town. The Gaani royal festival is held in the town annually. Before the colonial era, Nikki was one of the main political centers of the Borgu federation.

Borgu
Borgu is a region and former country split between north-west Nigeria and the northern Republic of Benin. It was partitioned between Great Britain and France by the Anglo-French Convention of 1898.  People of Borgu are known as Bariba or Borgawa.