hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Istočni Stari Grad
Istočni Stari Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Источни Стари Град, lit. "East Old Town") is a municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 1,131 inhabitants. The seat of municipality is Hreša.

Hreša
Hreša (Serbian Cyrillic: Хреша) is a village near Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hreša is in Istočni Stari Grad (Cyrillic: Источни Стари Град), municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was also known as Srpski Stari Grad (Cyrillic: Српски Стари Град), and was created from part of the pre-war municipality of Stari Grad (the other part of the pre-war municipality is now in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Hreša is the biggest place of Istočni Stari Grad (East Old Town).
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) is an astronomical observatory located on the summit of Mt. Cerro Tololo in the Coquimbo Region of northern Chile, with additional facilities located on Mt. Cerro Pachón about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast. It is approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of La Serena, where support facilities are located. 
The principal telescopes at CTIO are the 4 m Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, named after Puerto Rican astronomer Víctor Manuel Blanco, and the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, which is situated on Cerro Pachón. Other telescopes on Cerro Tololo include the 1.5 m, 1.3 m, 1.0 m, and 0.9 m telescopes operated by the SMARTS consortium. CTIO also hosts other research projects, such as PROMPT, WHAM, and LCOGTN, providing a platform for access to the southern hemisphere for U.S. and worldwide scientific research.

La Serena, Chile
La Serena (Spanish pronunciation: [la seˈɾena]) is a city and commune in northern Chile, capital of the Coquimbo Region. Founded in 1544, it is the country's second oldest city after the national capital, Santiago. As of 2012, it had a communal population of roughly 200,000, and was one of the fastest-growing areas of Chile.

The city is an important tourist destination for Chileans and Argentines, especially during the summer, where people go to visit the beaches. It is the headquarters of the University of La Serena and also is home to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Serena, one of five Catholic Archdioceses of the Catholic Church in Chile.
Barbara Kuriger
Barbara Joan Kuriger (born 1961) is a New Zealand politician who has served as Deputy Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives since December 2023. A member of the National Party, Kuriger was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Taranaki-King Country since 2014.

Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
In New Zealand, the speaker of the House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House (Māori: te mana whakawā o te Whare), is the presiding officer and highest authority of the New Zealand House of Representatives. The individual who holds the position is elected by members of the House from among their number in the first session after each general election. They hold one of the highest-ranking offices in New Zealand. The current Speaker is Gerry Brownlee, who was elected on 5 December 2023.

The speaker's role – similar to that of  speakers in other countries that use the Westminster system – involves presiding over debates by determining who may speak, maintaining order during debate, and disciplining members who break the rules of the House. Aside from duties relating to presiding over the House, the speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains a member of Parliament (MP).
Zid (2014 film)
Zid (transl. Obstinance) is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language thriller film directed by Vivek Agnihotri and produced by Anubhav Sinha. The film stars Karanvir Sharma, Mannara Chopra and Shraddha Das in the principal roles.

Mannara Chopra
Mannara Chopra (born Barbie Handa; 29 March 1991) is an Indian actress and model who primarily works in Telugu and Hindi films and television. Chopra made her film debut with the romance Prema Geema Jantha Nai and Hindi debut with the thriller Zid, both in 2014. She later appeared in films such as Thikka (2016), Rogue (2017) and Sita (2019). In 2023, Chopra participated in the reality show Bigg Boss 17, where she emerged as the 2nd runner-up.
Signature (topology)
In the field of topology, the signature is an integer invariant which is defined for an oriented manifold M of dimension divisible by four.

This invariant of a manifold has been studied in detail, starting with  Rokhlin's theorem for 4-manifolds, and Hirzebruch signature theorem.

Rokhlin's theorem
In 4-dimensional topology, a branch of mathematics, Rokhlin's theorem states that if a smooth, orientable, closed 4-manifold M has a spin structure (equivalently, if the second Stiefel–Whitney class  vanishes), then the signature of its intersection form, a quadratic form on the second cohomology group , is divisible by 16. The theorem is named for Vladimir Rokhlin, who proved it in 1952.
Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company
The Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company (originally founded as the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company) was an American company which designed and built aircraft.  The founder, Allan Lockheed, went on to form the similarly named but otherwise unrelated Lockheed Aircraft Company in 1926, which would merge with Martin Marietta in 1995 to form today's Lockheed Martin.

Allan Lockheed
Allan Haines Lockheed (né Allan Haines Loughead; January 20, 1889 – May 26, 1969) was an American aviation engineer and businessman. He formed the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company along with his brother, Malcolm Loughead, which became Lockheed Corporation.

Loughead changed his name during 1934 to Allan Lockheed, the phonetic spelling of his family name, to avoid spelling confusion. He went on to begin two other aircraft manufacturing companies in the 1930s. He focused on real estate between the 1940s to 1960s.
Sonny Angara
Juan Edgardo "Sonny" Manalang Angara (Tagalog: [aŋˈɡara]; born July 15, 1972) is a Filipino lawyer and politician who has since 2024 served as the 54th secretary of education. He has concurrently served as chairman of the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas since 2016 and as the president of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino since 2018.

A graduate of the London School of Economics and the University of the Philippines College of Law, Angara entered politics in 2004 after being elected as the representative of Aurora's at-large district, a seat he would hold until 2013. During his tenure, he supported the impeachment of Renato Corona and acted deputy spokesperson of the House prosecution panel. Angara was elected to the Senate of the Philippines in 2013 and served until 2024 before resigning to become the secretary of education.

Secretary of Education (Philippines)
The secretary of education (Filipino: Kalihim ng Edukasyon) is the member of the Cabinet of the Philippines in charge of the Department of Education (DepEd).

The current secretary is Sonny Angara, who was sworn in on July 19, 2024.
Deterministic encryption
A deterministic encryption scheme (as opposed to a probabilistic encryption scheme) is a cryptosystem which always produces the same ciphertext for a given plaintext and key, even over separate executions of the encryption algorithm.  Examples of deterministic encryption algorithms include RSA cryptosystem (without encryption padding), and many block ciphers when used in ECB mode or with  a constant initialization vector.

Probabilistic encryption
Probabilistic encryption is the use of randomness in an encryption algorithm, so that when encrypting the same message several times it will, in general, yield different ciphertexts.  The term "probabilistic encryption" is typically used in reference to public key encryption algorithms; however various symmetric key encryption algorithms achieve a similar property (e.g., block ciphers when used in a chaining mode such as CBC), and stream ciphers such as Freestyle which are inherently random.  To be semantically secure, that is, to hide even partial information about the plaintext, an encryption algorithm must be probabilistic.
Cole Schneider
Cole Schneider (born August 26, 1990) is an American professional ice hockey player who is currently under contract with [[Hockey Club Bolzano]ICE] of the Ice Hockey League (ICE). After leaving the University of Connecticut in 2012, he began his professional career with the Binghamton Senators of the American Hockey League (AHL).

UConn Huskies men's ice hockey
The UConn Huskies men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Connecticut. The Huskies are a member of the Hockey East conference. The Huskies play in the on-campus Toscano Family Ice Forum, having moved from the PeoplesBank Arena in Hartford, Connecticut during the 2022–23 season.
Law of total expectation
The proposition in probability theory known as the law of total expectation, the law of iterated expectations (LIE), Adam's law, the tower rule,  and the smoothing property of conditional expectation, among other names, states that if  is a random variable whose expected value  is defined, and  is any random variable on the same probability space, then

i.e., the expected value of the conditional expected value of  given  is the same as the expected value of .

The conditional expected value , with  a random variable, is not a simple number; it is a random variable whose value depends on the value of .  That is, the conditional expected value of  given the event  is a number and it is a function of . If we write  for the value of  then the random variable  is .

One special case states that if  is a finite or countable partition of the sample space, then

Conditional expectation
In probability theory, the conditional expectation, conditional expected value, or conditional mean of a random variable is its expected value evaluated with respect to the conditional probability distribution. If the random variable can take on only a finite number of values, the "conditions" are that the variable can only take on a subset of those values. More formally, in the case when the random variable is defined over a discrete probability space, the "conditions" are a partition of this probability space.

Depending on the context, the conditional expectation can be either a random variable or a function. The random variable is denoted  analogously to conditional probability. The function form is either denoted  or a separate function symbol such as  is introduced with the meaning .
U.S. Route 69
U.S. Route 69 (US 69) is a major north–south United States highway in the central United States.  When it was first created, it was only 150 miles (241 km) long, but it has since been expanded into a Minnesota to Texas cross-country route. The highway's southern terminus (as well as those of US-287 and US-96) is in Port Arthur, Texas at an intersection with State Highway 87. Its northern terminus is in Albert Lea, Minnesota at Minnesota State Highway 13.

U.S. Route 400
U.S. Route 400 (US 400) is a 481.306-mile-long (774.587 km) mostly east–west U.S. Highway, commissioned in 1994. The highway's western terminus is in Granada, Colorado, at an intersection with US 385. The highway's eastern terminus is southwest of Joplin, Missouri, near Loma Linda, at an interchange with Interstate 44, with which it shares with US 166. It originally ended in Garden City, Kansas; in 1996 it was extended to its current western terminus.
Alessandro Cialdi
Alessandro Cialdi (Civitavecchia, 9 April 1807 – Rome, 26 June 1882) was an Italian naval commander and engineer, and commander of the Papal navy. He took an active part in the First Italian War of Independence and in the government of Pellegrino Rossi. He was later President of the Accademia dei Lincei and corresponding member of the Institut de France.

Papal Navy
The Papal Navy (Italian: Marina Pontificia, "Pontifical Navy"; Latin: Classis Pontificiae) was the maritime force of the Papal States. Loosely constituted, it was sporadically extant from approximately the Battle of Ostia (849) during the pontificate of Leo IV until the ascension of Pope Leo XIII in 1878 (though the Navy had ceased all operations in 1870), when he sold the last remaining Papal warship, the Immacolata Concezione.

The Papal Navy was separate from the Papal Army, a varying combination of volunteers, mercenaries, and Catholic military orders, disbanded in 1870. The modern Vatican City State does not maintain any formal naval or maritime forces and does not include any significant bodies of water.
State Theatre (Sydney)
The State Theatre is a 2,034 seat heritage listed theatre located at 47–51 Market Street, in the Sydney central business district in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The theatre was designed by Henry Eli White with assistance from John Eberson and built between 1926 and 1929. It hosts film screenings, live theatre and musical performances, and since 1974 it has been the home of the annual Sydney Film Festival. It is also known as State Building and Wurlitzer Organ. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

The State Theatre is a tiered and raked theatre with a proscenium arch and a maximum seating capacity of 2034 seats. The seating is arranged with 828 seats in the Stalls at stage level, 426 in the Mezzanine Lounge and 780 seats in the Dress Circle (upper most level).

Henry Eli White
Henry Eli White (21 August 1876 – 3 March 1952), also known as Harry White, was a New Zealand-born architect best known for the many theatres and cinemas he designed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1910s and 1920s. Many of the major surviving historic venues in the two countries are White designs, including the St. James Theatre, Wellington, St. James Theatre, Auckland, the Capitol Theatre and State Theatre in Sydney, and the Palais Theatre and the interiors of the Princess Theatre and Athenaeum Theatre in Melbourne. He also designed the City Hall and the attached Civic Theatre in Newcastle, New South Wales.
John Wesley Dobbs
John Wesley Dobbs (March 26, 1882 – August 30, 1961) was an African-American civic and political leader in Atlanta, Georgia. He was often referred to as the unofficial "mayor" of Sweet Auburn, the spine of the black community in the city.

Dobbs co-founded the Atlanta Negro Voters League with civil rights attorney A. T. Walden, leading voter registration efforts that registered 20,000 African Americans in Atlanta from 1936 to 1946. This new political power helped gain the hiring in 1948 of the first eight African-American police officers in Atlanta, the same year that the federal government began to integrate the armed services. In 1949, the city finally installed lighting along Sweet Auburn, the main retail street of the African-American community.

Sweet Auburn
The Sweet Auburn Historic District is a historic African-American neighborhood along and surrounding Auburn Avenue, east of downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The name Sweet Auburn was coined by John Wesley Dobbs, referring to the "richest Negro street in the world," one of the largest concentrations of African-American businesses in the United States.

A National Historic Landmark District was designated in 1976, covering 19 acres (7.7 ha) of the neighborhood, significant for its history and development as a segregated area under the state's Jim Crow laws. Sweet Auburn was also added to the National Register of Historic Places the same year.
Waxhaw, North Carolina
Waxhaw is an incorporated town in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 20,534 according to the 2020 Census. The population grew 108.28% from 2010. The name is derived from the indigenous people who lived in the area, who were known as the Waxhaw people.

Union County, North Carolina
Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 238,267. Its county seat is Monroe. Union County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Perla Cristal
Perla Cristal (born September 29, 1937) is an Argentine actress and vedette and singer who began her career in her native country, with incursions into Hollywood and Spanish and Italian cinema. She settled in Spain in the early 1960s and continued her career in film.

Cristal's first starring role was in the 1950 film Arroz con leche under director Carlos Schlieper. Other notable films include The Black Tulip (1964), starring Alain Delon and Virna Lisi, and The Corruption of Chris Miller (1972), with Jean Seberg and Marisol. She also appeared in Jess Franco's The Awful Dr. Orloff (1962) and starred opposite Paul Naschy in The Fury of the Wolfman (1972).

Arroz con leche (1950 film)
Arroz con leche (English: Rice with Milk) is a 1950 Argentine romantic comedy film of the classical era of Argentine cinema, directed and written by Carlos Schlieper with Julio Porter based on the play by Carlos Notti, "Noche en Viena".  The film premiered on October 5, 1950, in Buenos Aires and was rated PG 14.
Rufino Sescon
Rufino "Jun" Coronel Sescon Jr. OP (born April 20, 1972) is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church and a professed member of the Dominican Order. He is the fifth Bishop of Balanga since March 1, 2025, having been appointed by Pope Francis in December 3, 2024 during the diocese's 2-year temporary bishopric of Florentino Lavarias, Archbishop of San Fernando, Pampanga since October 27, 2014, as sede vacante apostolic administrator.

Ordained to the priesthood in 1998, Sescon served as the personal secretary of then-Manila Archbishop Cardinal Jaime Sin. He eventually rose to become one of the Philippines' most prominent preachers throughout his tenure as rector of Quiapo Church. He is also the executive director of the Catholic Mass Media Awards and a member of the Presbyteral Council of the Archdiocese of Manila.

Florentino Lavarias
Florentino "Dong" Galang Lavarias is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic church. He is the fourth and current archbishop of San Fernando. He succeeded Paciano Aniceto as the Archbishop of San Fernando. Prior to his installation, he previously served as fourth bishop of Iba in Zambales from September 1, 2004 to October 27, 2014. He also served as the apostolic administrator of Diocese of Balanga in Bataan from July 22, 2023 to March 1, 2025.
Jesca Hoop
Jessica "Jesca" Ada Hoop (born April 21, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, who writes and performs in diverse musical styles. She has released six studio albums of her own, as well as live, acoustic and dual albums with others.

Iron & Wine
Samuel Ervin Beam (born July 26, 1974), better known by his stage name Iron & Wine, is an American singer-songwriter. He has released six studio albums, several EPs and singles, as well as a few download-only releases, which include a live album (a recording of his 2005 Bonnaroo performance). He occasionally tours with a full band.

The name Iron & Wine is taken from a dietary supplement named "Beef, Iron & Wine" that he found in a general store while shooting a film.
Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île
The Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île (CSSPÎ) is an autonomous school service centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, based primarily in the city's east end, appointed by the Ministry of Education.

It serves French public schools in the Montreal boroughs of  Montréal-Nord, Saint-Léonard, Anjou, and Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles. It also serves Montréal-Est, a municipality outside of the Montreal city limits. Its headquarters is in the Pointe-aux-Trembles area of Montreal.

On June 15, 2020, it replaced the former elected Commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île (Pointe-de-l'Île school commission or school board).

Anjou, Quebec
Anjou (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʒu] ⓘ) is a borough (arrondissement) of the Canadian city of Montreal. Prior to its 2002 merger it was an independent city. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as Ville d'Anjou. Anjou has a predominantly Francophone population.
COVID-19 Response (Vaccinations) Legislation Act 2021
The COVID-19 Response (Vaccinations) Legislation Act 2021 is an Act of Parliament to provide a legal framework for the New Zealand Government's COVID-19 Protection Framework and vaccination mandates. The bill was introduced under urgency and passed in law on 23 November 2021. While the bill was supported by the Labour Government and their Green coalition partner, it was opposed by the opposition National, ACT, and Māori parties, which criticised the rushed and divisive nature of the legislation and claimed that vulnerable communities would be adversely affected.

From 5 April 2022, the Government eased vaccine mandate requirements for teachers, Police, Defence Force personnel and businesses requiring vaccine passes.  On 12 September, the Government scrapped the COVID-19 Protection Framework and lifted the vaccine mandate for health and disability workers on 27 September 2022.

COVID-19 Protection Framework
The COVID-19 Protection Framework (known colloquially as the traffic light system) was a system used by the New Zealand Government during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. The three-tier traffic light system used vaccination and community transmission rates to determine the level of restrictions needed. It came into effect at 11:59 pm on 2 December 2021, replacing the four-tier alert level system, which used lockdowns. On 12 September 2022, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the traffic light system would be dropped at 11:59 pm that night.
Lake Havasu City, Arizona
Lake Havasu City (/ˈhɑːvəsuː/, HAH-və-soo) is a city in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 57,144, up from 52,527 in 2010. It is served by Lake Havasu City Airport.

Lake Havasu City Airport
34°34′16″N 114°21′30″W﻿ / ﻿34.57111°N 114.35833°W﻿ / 34.57111; -114.35833

Lake Havasu City Airport (IATA: HII, ICAO: KHII, FAA LID: HII), also known as Lake Havasu City Municipal Airport, is a city-owned, public-use airport located 6 miles (5.2 nmi; 9.7 km) north of the central business district of Lake Havasu City, in Mohave County, Arizona, United States.

The airport is mostly used for general aviation. Until May 5, 2007, scheduled service to Phoenix and Las Vegas was provided by Mesa Airlines, operating as US Airways Express (previously America West Express).

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 8,174 commercial passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2005 and 6,082 enplanements in 2006. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007–2011, Lake Havasu City Airport is classified as commercial service - non-primary because it has between 2,500 and 10,000 passenger boardings per year.