hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madrigal v. Quilligan
Madrigal v. Quilligan was a 1978 federal class action lawsuit from Los Angeles County, California, involving sterilization of Latina women that occurred either without informed consent, or through coercion. Although the judge ruled in favor of the doctors, the case led to better informed consent for patients, especially those who are not native English speakers.

Sterilization of Latinas
Sterilization of Latinas has been practiced in the United States on women of different Latin American identities, including those from Puerto Rico and Mexico. There is a significant history of such sterilization practices being conducted involuntarily, in a coerced or forced manner, as well as in more subtle forms such as that of constrained choice. Forced sterilization was permissible by multiple states throughout various periods in the 20th century. Issues of state sterilization have persisted as recently as September 2020. Some sources credit the practice to theories of racial eugenics.
Rhinogydd
The Rhinogydd (a Welsh plural form, often anglicised as Rhinogs and also known by the alternative Welsh plural Rhinogau) are a range of mountains located east of Harlech in North Wales. The name Rhinogydd derives from the names of two of the more famous peaks, Rhinog Fawr and Rhinog Fach, although the greatest elevation in the range is reached by Y Llethr, 756 m (2,480 feet).

Foel Penolau, the northernmost summit of the range, was promoted to a Hewitt in 2018 following a new survey.

The Rhinogydd are notably rocky and heather-clad towards the northern end of the range, especially around Rhinog Fawr, Rhinog Fach and towards Moel Ysgyfarnogod. The southern end, around Y Llethr, Diffwys and the Ysgethin Valley has a softer, grassy character.

A population of feral goats are in the range. Over 30 km² are protected as a Special Area of Conservation and a National Nature Reserve.

Rhinog Fach
Rhinog Fach is a mountain in Snowdonia, North Wales and forms part of the Rhinogydd. Technically, Rhinog Fach is a subsidiary summit of Y Llethr, but is a Marilyn. To the north lies its higher cousin Rhinog Fawr, separated by the shapely pass of Bwlch Drws Ardudwy.

Although lower than the highest mountain in the Rhinog range, Y Llethr, it is often regarded as the true 'king of the Rhinogydd' due to its spectacular rocky peak. Unlike Fach, Y Llethr's peak is grassy and unremarkable.
Sunset Strip
The Sunset Strip is the 1.7-mile (2.7 km) stretch of Sunset Boulevard that passes through the city of West Hollywood, California, United States. It extends from West Hollywood's eastern border with the city of Los Angeles near Marmont Lane  to its western border with Beverly Hills at Phyllis Street. The Sunset Strip is known for its boutiques, restaurants, rock clubs, and nightclubs, as well as its array of huge, colorful billboards.

West Hollywood, California
West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, and located between the cities of Los Angeles and Beverly Hills. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 35,757.
Ukrainian Soviet Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Republic (Ukrainian: Українська Радянська Республіка, romanized: Ukrainska Radianska Respublika; Russian: Украинская Советская Республика, romanized: Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was a Soviet republic created by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks after the Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets declared independence of Soviet Ukraine in March 1918 and merged the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, the Odessa Soviet Republic, and the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic into one state.

Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
The Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (Ukrainian: Українська Народна Республіка Рад, romanized: Ukrainska Narodna Respublika Rad; Russian: Украинская Народная Республика Советов, romanized: Ukrainskaya Narodnaya Respublika Sovetov) was a short-lived (1917–1918) Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR that was created by the declaration of the Kharkiv All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets "About the self-determination of Ukraine" on 25 December [O.S. 12 December] 1917 in the Noble Assembly building in Kharkov. Headed by the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine formed earlier in Russian Kursk. The republic was later united into the Ukrainian Soviet Republic and, eventually, liquidated, because of a cessation of support from the government of the Russian SFSR when the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed.
Brittle star
Brittle stars, serpent stars, or ophiuroids (from Latin  ophiurus 'brittle star'; from Ancient Greek  ὄφις (óphis) 'serpent' and  οὐρά (ourá) 'tail'; referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea, closely related to starfish. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. The ophiuroids generally have five long, slender, whip-like arms which may reach up to 60 cm (24 in) in length on the largest specimens.

The Ophiuroidea contain two large clades, Ophiurida (brittle stars) and Euryalida (basket stars). Over 2,000 species of brittle stars live today. More than 1,200 of these species are found in deep waters, greater than 200 m (656 ft) deep.

Basket star
The Euryalina are a suborder of brittle stars, which includes large species with either branching arms (called "basket stars") or long and curling arms (called "snake stars"). It is sometimes listed as the order Euryalida.
Liskeard railway station
Liskeard railway station (Cornish: Lyskerrys) serves the town of Liskeard in Cornwall, England. The station is approximately 18 miles (29 km) west of Plymouth on the Cornish Main Line and 264 miles 71 chains (426.3 km) from London Paddington via Box and Plymouth Millbay. It is the junction for the Looe Valley Line. The railway station is situated approximately 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) south-west of Liskeard town centre.

Looe Valley Line
The Looe Valley Line is an 8+3⁄4-mile (14 km) community railway from Liskeard to Looe in Cornwall, England, that follows the valley of the East Looe River for much of its course.  It is operated by Great Western Railway.
Dickenschied
Dickenschied (German pronunciation: [ˈdɪkn̩ʃiːt]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Kirchberg, Rhein-Hunsrück
Kirchberg (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪʁçbɛʁk] ⓘ), the Stadt auf dem Berg (“Town on the Mountain”), called Kerbrich in Moselle Franconian, is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, to which it also belongs.
Multi-fuel stove
A multi-fuel stove is similar to a wood-burning stove in appearance and design. Multifuel refers to the capability of the stove to burn wood and also coal, wood pellets, or peat. Stoves that have a grate for the fire to burn on and a removable ash pan are generally considered multi-fuel stoves. If the fire simply burns on a bed of ash, it is a wood-only fuelled appliance, and cannot be used for coal or peat.

Wood-burning stove
A wood-burning stove (or wood burner or log burner in the UK) is a heating or cooking appliance capable of burning wood fuel, often called solid fuel, and wood-derived biomass fuel, such as sawdust bricks. Generally the appliance consists of a solid metal (usually cast iron or steel) closed firebox, often lined by fire brick, and one or more air controls (which can be manually or automatically operated depending upon the stove). The first wood-burning stove was patented in Strasbourg in 1557. This was two centuries before the Industrial Revolution, so iron was still prohibitively expensive. The first wood-burning stoves were high-end consumer items and only gradually became used widely.

The stove is connected by ventilating stove pipe to a suitable flue, which will fill with hot combustion gases once the fuel is ignited. The chimney or flue gases must be hotter than the outside temperature to ensure combustion gases are drawn out of the fire chamber and up the chimney.
You Can Dance – Po Prostu Tańcz! season 6
The sixth season of You Can Dance – Po prostu Tańcz began on 2 March 2011 on TVN. The dancers compete to win PLN 100,000 and a 3-month scholarship in dance school Broadway Dance Center, but first they have to go through auditions. Later, 36 contestants do the workshops abroad – this season in Casablanca, Morocco. This seasons on choreography camp special guest choreographer was Tyce Diorio. From fourteen people, two dancers are eliminated in each episode, to the final episode that features the top 2 contestants. For the first time the show is hosted by Patricia Kazadi. The judges are Agustin Egurolla, Michał Piróg and Kinga Rusin who joined the panel after hosting the five previous seasons.

You Can Dance – Po prostu tańcz!
You Can Dance – Po prostu tańcz! (You Can Dance – Just Dance!) is a televised Polish dance competition with a format based on the American show So You Think You Can Dance. Dancers compete to win PLN 100,000, and a 3-month scholarship in dance school Broadway Dance Center and International Dance Academy in Los Angeles from season 7 on.  The winners to date are (in order of season): Maciek "Gleba" Florek, Artur Cieciórski, Wiola Fiuk, Ania Kapera, Jakub Jóżwiak, Dominik Olechowski, Brian Poniatowski, Mateusz Sobecko and Stefano Silvino.
MSC Oscar
MSC Oscar, and sister ships MSC Zoe and MSC Oliver, are large container ships. Christened on 8 January 2015, MSC Oscar was recognised as the largest container ship in the world; until then CSCL Globe, inaugurated in November 2014, had been the largest.

MSC Oliver
MSC Oliver is one of the largest container vessels (as of May 2015) in the world, together with her sister ships MSC Oscar, MSC Zoe, MSC Maya and MSC Sveva. The vessel was delivered in March 2015 by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (South Korea). According to the official statement of the CEO of Mediterranean Shipping Company, the ships are part from a bulk order for 20 vessels with same size, which will be used for cost optimizations of the company. With the new ships, the management of MSC are trying to fight the low freight rates and increased capacities of shipping.
Cheng Yanqiu
Cheng Yanqiu (1 January 1904 – 9 March 1958) was a Chinese Peking opera singer of Manchu descent. He is remembered as one of the 20th-century's four greatest male dan actors alongside Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun, and Xun Huisheng. He specialized in the qingyi role and founded the Cheng style (程派) of opera singing and acting. Some representative plays of the Cheng style repertoire include The Jewelry Purse, Tears in the Barren Mountain, and Blue Frost Sword (1924).

Mei Lanfang
Mei Lan (22 October 1894 – 8 August 1961), better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Chinese Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as the "Queen of Peking Opera". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his "verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun,  Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.
1942 Windsor by-election
The 1942 Windsor by-election, was a by-election held for the UK House of Commons constituency of Windsor in Berkshire on 30 June 1942. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Mott-Radclyffe.

Windsor (UK Parliament constituency)
Windsor (/ˈwɪnzə/) is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Jack Rankin of the Conservative Party. It is in both Berkshire and Surrey.

Windsor has had parliamentary representation for centuries, first sending a member of parliament in 1301. In 1918, the Windsor parliamentary borough was abolished and absorbed into the new Windsor county seat. The constituency was re-created for the 1997 general election after it was abolished following the 1970 general election and replaced by the Windsor and Maidenhead constituency.

Its settlements include Ascot, Datchet, Eton, Sunningdale, Windsor (its namesake), Wraysbury, Virginia Water, as well as Englefield Green.
Inmarsat
Inmarsat is a British satellite telecommunications company, offering global mobile services. It provides telephone and data services to users worldwide, via portable or mobile terminals which communicate with ground stations through fifteen geostationary telecommunications satellites.

Inmarsat's network provides communications services to a range of governments, aid agencies, media outlets and businesses (especially in the shipping, airline and mining industries) with a need to communicate in remote regions or where there is no reliable terrestrial network. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Connect Bidco, a consortium consisting of Apax Partners, Warburg Pincus, the CPP Investment Board and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, in December 2019.

On 8 November 2021, Inmarsat's owners and Viasat announced the purchase of Inmarsat by Viasat. The acquisition was completed in May 2023.

Viasat (American company)
Viasat, Inc. (formerly stylized as ViaSat) is an American communications company based in Carlsbad, California, with additional operations across the United States and worldwide. Viasat is a provider of high-speed satellite broadband services and secure networking systems covering military and commercial markets.
Haselstauden
47°25′48″N 9°45′22″E﻿ / ﻿47.43000°N 9.75611°E﻿ / 47.43000; 9.75611

Haselstauden (also known as Hazeltown) has been the fourth district of Dornbirn, Austria since 1902, when Dornbirn was given the status of municipality. It's also the city's northernmost district.

Dornbirn
Dornbirn (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈdɔrnbɪrn] ⓘ) is a city in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is the administrative centre for the district of Dornbirn, which also includes the town of Hohenems, and the market town Lustenau.

Dornbirn is the largest city in Vorarlberg and the tenth largest city in Austria. It is an important commercial and shopping centre.
Mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart. It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm2 during diastole. Any decrease in area below 2 cm2 causes mitral stenosis. Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis in pregnancy is very important as the heart cannot tolerate increased cardiac output demand as in the case of exercise and pregnancy. Atrial fibrillation is a common complication of resulting left atrial enlargement, which can lead to systemic thromboembolic complications such as stroke.

Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is any cardiovascular disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left side of heart and the pulmonic and tricuspid valves on the right side of heart). These conditions occur largely as a consequence of aging, but may also be the result of congenital (inborn) abnormalities or specific disease or physiologic processes including rheumatic heart disease and pregnancy.

Anatomically, the valves are part of the dense connective tissue of the heart known as the cardiac skeleton and are responsible for the regulation of blood flow through the heart and great vessels. Valve failure or dysfunction can result in diminished heart functionality, though the particular consequences are dependent on the type and severity of valvular disease. Treatment of damaged valves may involve medication alone, but often involves surgical valve repair or valve replacement.
Bryce James
Bryce Maximus James (born June 14, 2007) is an American college basketball player for the Arizona Wildcats of the Big 12 Conference. He is the second child of National Basketball Association (NBA) player LeBron James and the younger brother of NBA player Bronny James. He primarily plays the shooting guard position.

Bronny James
LeBron Raymone "Bronny" James Jr. (born October 6, 2004) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A consensus four-star recruit, James was named a McDonald's All-American as a senior in high school in 2023. He played one season of college basketball for the USC Trojans before being selected by the Lakers in the second round of the 2024 NBA draft. He is the eldest child and teammate of professional basketball player LeBron James Sr., making them the first active father–son duo in NBA history.
Illogic
Jawhar Glass (born January 18, 1980), better known by his stage name Illogic, is an American indie hip hop artist from Columbus, Ohio. He has collaborated with many artists—particularly Blueprint, who has produced three of his albums, but also Aesop Rock, Vast Aire, Eyedea, Copywrite, Slug, and other MCs. His style has been described as having "a classically metered flow" with "deep lyrics and poetic verses."

Blueprint (rapper)
Albert Andrew Shepard, (born July 11, 1974), better known by his stage name Blueprint, is an American rapper and record producer from Columbus, Ohio. He is a founder of Weightless Recordings.

Blueprint is one half of the duo Soul Position along with producer RJD2. He is also a member of the rap group Greenhouse (formerly known as Greenhouse Effect), which currently consists of himself and Illogic. The duo also run a podcast "Super Duty Tough Work" which airs on YouTube, SoundCloud, and other platforms.
St Pancras, London
St Pancras (/ˈpæŋkrəs/) is a district in North London. It was originally a medieval ancient parish and subsequently became a metropolitan borough. The metropolitan borough then merged with neighbouring boroughs and the area now forms around half of the modern London Borough of Camden.

The area of the parish and borough extends nearly four miles in a north-south axis, between Islington in the east and Marylebone and Hampstead in the west. It takes in the sub-districts of Camden Town, Kentish Town, Gospel Oak, Somers Town, King's Cross, Chalk Farm, Dartmouth Park, the core area of Fitzrovia and a part of Highgate.

Fitzrovia
Fitzrovia (/fɪtsˈroʊviə/ fits-ROH-vee-ə) is a district of central London, England, near the West End. Its eastern part is in the London Borough of Camden, and the western in the City of Westminster. It has its roots in the Manor of Tottenham Court, and was urbanised in the 18th century. Its name was coined in the late 1930s by Tom Driberg.

It is characterised by its mixed-use of residential, business, retail, education and healthcare, with no single activity dominating. The once bohemian area was home to writers such as Virginia Woolf, George Bernard Shaw and Arthur Rimbaud. In 2016, The Sunday Times named it the best place to live in London.
Salix Sepulcralis Group
The Salix Sepulcralis Group is a cultivar group containing all cultivars of hybrids between Salix alba and Salix babylonica. The trees in this group are sometimes referred to as white weeping willow or glaucous weeping willow in reference to the mixed appearance from the parent species. It was first described by L. Simonkai in 1890 from trees growing in Romania. The group contains both weeping and nonweeping cultivars, though the best-known of its cultivars is 'Chrysocoma', the most widely grown weeping tree.. 
Some of the cultivars are hybrids of S. babylonica var. matsudana 'Tortuosa' and have inherited from its parent the twisted and contorted branches, as well as being more cold-tolerant, as S. babylonica var. matsudana is native to northern China and Korea.

Salix 'Chrysocoma'
Salix × sepulcralis 'Chrysocoma', or Weeping Golden Willow, is the most popular and widely grown weeping tree in the warm temperate regions of the world. It is an artificial hybrid between  S. alba 'Vitellina' and  S. babylonica. The first parent provides the frost hardiness and the golden shoots and the second parent the strong weeping habit.
This cross was originally made at the Späth Nursery (Berlin, Germany) and was first mentioned in their 1888 nursery catalogue as S. vitellina pendula nova. 
Being a cultivar from the Chrysocoma Group, which includes all crosses between S. alba and S. babylonica, it is much hardier and more long-lived than the Babylon Willow (Salix babylonica). This particular cultivar is easily distinguished from the other Golden Weeping Willow (S. × sepulcralis) by its androgynous catkins.
Haploceratoidea
Haploceratoidea, formerly Haplocerataceae, is an extinct superfamily of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Ammonitida that unites three families, Strigoceratidae, Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae, listed below.

Haploceratoidea begins with all three families in the lower Middle Jurassic, Bajocian.  Strigoceratidae is limited to the Bajocian but Oppeliidae, and Haploceratidae extend through the remaining Jurassic, well into the Cretaceous; the Oppeliidae into the middle Albian, the Haplocertidae only into the Valanginian.

Strigoceratidae
The Strigoceratidae is a family in the ammonitid superfamily Haploceratoidea, restricted to the lower Middle Jurassic, Bajocian stage, possibly derived from the Hammitoceratidae. The family was established and named by Buckman in 1924.
Tambo, Parañaque
Tambo ([tɐmˈbɔʔ]) is a coastal barangay located in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is situated south of Baclaran, adjoining the Ninoy Aquino International Airport complex to the east.

The approximate boundaries are T. Alonzo Street and Asean Avenue in Baclaran to the north, McDonough Road and Don Galo to the south, with the Parañaque River, Pildera Street in Pasay, and Cut-Cut Creek to the east, and Manila Bay to the west. Across the stream in the east, Tambo is bordered by the Pasay district of Maricaban (Barangays 191–200) and the Parañaque barangay of Santo Niño (former Ibayo), where the international airport is located. It also administers most of the Aseana City business district and the Entertainment City area, both situated in the Manila Bay reclamation area called Bay City. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 26,928.

Bay City, Metro Manila
Bay City, also known as the Manila Bay Freeport Zone and Manila Bay Area, is the name for the reclamation area on Manila Bay located west of Roxas Boulevard and the Manila–Cavite Expressway in Metro Manila, Philippines. The area is split between the cities of Manila and Pasay on the north side and Parañaque on the south.
S. Robson Walton
Samuel Robson "Rob" Walton (born October 27, 1944) is an American billionaire heir to the fortune of Walmart, the world's largest retailer.  He is the eldest son of Helen Walton and Sam Walton, and was chairman of Walmart from 1992 to 2015. As of February 2026, Forbes estimated his net worth to be US$145.1 billion, making him the 11th richest person in the world. He is also the principal owner of the Denver Broncos.

Sam Walton
Samuel Moore Walton (March 29, 1918 – April 5, 1992) was an American business magnate best known for co-founding the retailers Walmart and Sam's Club, which he started in Rogers, Arkansas, and Midwest City, Oklahoma, in 1962 and 1983 respectively. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. grew to be the world's largest corporation by revenue as well as the biggest private employer in the world. For a period of time, Walton was the richest person in the United States. His family has remained the richest family in the U.S. for several consecutive years, with a net worth of around $440.62 billion US as of January 2026. In 1992 at the age of 74, Walton died of blood cancer and was buried at the Bentonville Cemetery in his longtime home of Bentonville, Arkansas.