hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eric Shansby
Eric Shansby (born 1985) commonly known as Shansby, is an American cartoonist and children's book illustrator. His cartoons appear in American news outlets, most prominently in The Washington Post alongside columns by humorist Gene Weingarten.

Gene Weingarten
Gene  Norman Weingarten (born October 2, 1951) is an American journalist, and former syndicated humor columnist for The Washington Post. He is the only two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing. Weingarten is known for both his serious and humorous work. Through September 2021, Weingarten's column, "Below the Beltway," was published weekly in The Washington Post magazine and syndicated nationally by The Washington Post Writers Group. Weingarten and his son Dan also write Barney & Clyde, a comic strip with illustrations by David Clark.
Colonia Ulpia Traiana
The Colonia Ulpia Traiana (CUT) was a Roman city (colonia) located in the area of present-day Xanten, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It existed approximately from 100 to 275 CE and was a major center of the province of Germania Inferior. Today, the site is occupied by the Archaeological Park Xanten and the LVR-RömerMuseum. The archaeological remains are gradually being excavated and studied.

The Colonia Ulpia Traiana was founded by Emperor Trajan and named after him. As a colonia, it was one of approximately 150 cities in the Roman Empire that held this legal status, granting its inhabitants Roman citizenship and serving as a "miniature Rome." Ulpia Traiana was the third-largest Roman city in present-day Germany, after Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (modern Cologne) and Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier). Its public buildings reflected the city's high status as a central hub for the surrounding region.

Xanten
Xanten (German pronunciation: [ˈksantn̩] ⓘ, Low Rhenish: Santen) is a town in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the district of Wesel.

Xanten is known for the Archaeological Park, one of the largest archaeological open air museums in the world, built at the site of the Roman settlements Colonia Ulpia Traiana. Other attractions include the medieval town centre with Xanten Cathedral, many museums and large man-made lakes for various watersport activities. Xanten is visited by approximately one million tourists a year. It is also the only German town with a name that begins with X.
2016–17 UEFA Youth League Domestic Champions Path
The 2016–17 UEFA Youth League Domestic Champions Path was played from 21 September to 30 November 2016. A total of 32 teams competed in the Domestic Champions Path to decide 8 of the 24 places in the knockout phase of the 2016–17 UEFA Youth League.

Times up to 29 October 2016 (first round) were CEST (UTC+2), thereafter (second round) times were CET (UTC+1).

2016–17 UEFA Youth League knockout phase
The 2016–17 UEFA Youth League knockout phase began on 7 February 2017 and concluded on 24 April 2017 with the final at Colovray Stadium in Nyon, Switzerland, to decide the champions of the 2016–17 UEFA Youth League. A total of 24 teams competed in the knockout phase.

Times up to 25 March 2017 (knockout round play-offs, round of 16 and quarter-finals) are CET (UTC+1), thereafter times (semi-finals and final) are CEST (UTC+2).
Narnarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal
NarNarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal (NNDYM) (Devnagari: नरनरायन देव युवक मनदल) was founded by Koshalendraprasad Pande (then pre-acharya) in 1994 with its headquarters at the Kalupur Swaminarayan Mandir (Ahmedabad) and was created to help young people to confront the challenges of life.

This step set into motion various initiatives by this organization to build a foundation of young people around the globe. The organisation propagates dharma (duty), bhakti (devotion), gnaan (knowledge), and vairagya (detachment from maya).

Koshalendraprasad Pande
Koshalendraprasad Pande (born 18 October 1972) is the current acharya of the NarNarayan Dev Gadi of the Swaminarayan Sampraday (15 October 2004 – present) and is the 7th successor of Swaminarayan in the North Diocese (NarNarayan Dev Gadi, Ahmedabad).
Natalya Sindeyeva
Natalya Vladimirovna Sindeyeva (Russian: Наталья Владимировна Синдеева, IPA: [nɐˈtalʲjə sʲɪnˈdʲejɪvə]; born 11 June 1971) is a Russian journalist, founder, main owner and chief executive officer of the TV Rain media holding, which includes the TV Rain channel, the Republic.ru online magazine and the Big City magazine. She is the co-founder and former general producer of the Silver Rain radio station, and founder of the Silver Galosh anti-award. She is also a three-times winner of the "Media Manager of Russia" prize, an honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Radio.

TV Rain
TV Rain (Russian: Дождь, romanized: Dozhd, IPA: [ˈdoʂtʲ] ⓘ; stylized as ДО///ДЬ) is an independent Russian-language television channel. Launched in Russia in 2010, it has been based in the Netherlands since 2022. It focuses on news, discussions, culture, politics, business reports, and documentaries. TV Rain is owned by journalist Natalya Sindeyeva. Its slogan is "Optimistic Channel."

In March 2022, Russian authorities blocked access to TV Rain in response to its coverage of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The channel relaunched from studios in Latvia in July, but after multiple alleged violations had its license cancelled in December. TV Rain continued to broadcast via YouTube and received a Dutch broadcast license in December 2022.
Protocol data unit
In telecommunications, a protocol data unit (PDU) is a single unit of information transmitted among peer entities of a computer network. It is composed of protocol-specific control information and user data. In the layered architectures of communication protocol stacks, each layer implements protocols tailored to the specific type or mode of data exchange.

For example, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) implements a connection-oriented transfer mode, and the PDU of this protocol is called a segment, while the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses datagrams as protocol data units for connectionless communication. A layer lower in the Internet protocol suite, at the Internet layer, the PDU is called a packet, irrespective of its payload type.

Payload (computing)
In computing and telecommunications, the payload is the part of transmitted data that is the actual intended message. Headers and metadata are sent only to enable payload delivery and are considered overhead.

In the context of a computer virus or worm, the payload is the portion of the malware which performs malicious action.

The term is borrowed from transportation, where payload refers to the part of the load that pays for transportation.
Penalty shot (ice hockey)
In ice hockey, a penalty shot is a type of penalty awarded when a team loses a clear scoring opportunity on a breakaway because of a foul committed by an opposing player. A player from the non-offending team is given an attempt to score a goal without opposition from any defending players except the goaltender.  This is the same type of shot used in a shootout to decide games in some leagues.

Overtime (ice hockey)
Overtime is a method of determining a winner in an ice hockey game when the score is tied after regulation. The main methods of determining a winner in a tied game are the overtime period (commonly referred to as overtime), the shootout, or a combination of both. If league rules dictate a finite time in which overtime may be played, with no penalty shoot-out to follow, the game's winning team may or may not be necessarily determined.
Margaret Kenyatta (mayor)
Margaret Wambui Kenyatta (pronunciationⓘ; 16 February 1928 – 5 April 2017) was a Kenyan politician. She was the daughter of the first President of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta, and his wife Grace Wahu. She served as the mayor of Nairobi from 1970 to 1976 and as Kenya's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1976 to 1986. She was thereafter appointed as a Commissioner with the Electoral Commission of Kenya from 1992 to 2002.

Grace Wahu
Grace Wahu Kenyatta (1897 – 4 April 2007) was the first wife of Jomo Kenyatta, the first president of Kenya. Records indicate that Wahu married Kenyatta, then known as Johnstone Kamau, around 1917 or 1919. She had two children with Jomo Kenyatta: Peter Muigai Kenyatta (1922–1979) and Margaret Wambui Kenyatta (1928–2017). Grace Wahu died on 4 April 2007, aged 110.
Provincial Highway 29 (Taiwan)
Provincial Highway 29 is a Taiwanese highway that starts from Namasia and ends in Linyuan. The highway is entirely located in Kaohsiung City. The highway was once the southern segment of Highway 21 until 2014, when it was assigned the current number. The highway is known as Dalin Highway (達林公路) for its entire length. For the segment between Jiaxian and Cishan the highway is known as Qijia Highway (旗甲公路). The route length is 112.26 kilometres (69.76 mi) .

Highway system in Taiwan
Highways in Taiwan are classified into five types:

The system does not apply to other parts of Taiwan, namely Kinmen and Lienchiang counties, and islands in the South China Sea.

Expressways in Taiwan may be controlled-access highways similar to National Freeways or limited-access roads. Most have urban roads 
and intra-city expressways (as opposed to Highway system) status, although some are built and maintained by cities.
Knightia (plant)
Knightia is a small genus of the family Proteaceae endemic to New Zealand, named in honor of Thomas Andrew Knight. One extant species, K. excelsa (rewarewa) is found in New Zealand. Two further Knightia species are found in New Caledonia, although they were placed in the genus Eucarpha by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs in their influential 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family", a placement supported in a 2006 classification of the Proteaceae. A fossil species from upper Miocene deposits in Kaikorai has been described as Knightia oblonga. Knightia has been placed in the tribe Roupaleae of the subfamily Grevilleoideae.

Eucarpha
Eucarpha is a genus of flowering plant of the family  Proteaceae, endemic to New Caledonia. Two species are recognised. Up to 1975, these were classified within the genus Knightia until Lawrence Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs recognised their distinctness, particularly their prominent bracts, in their 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family". Nomenclatural combinations for these two species in the genus Eucarpha were published in 2022.

In 2006, the genus was placed in the tribe Roupaleae. Its closest relative is the Australian Triunia.
Rochester, Michigan
Rochester is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Rochester had a population of 13,035. It is a northern suburb in Metro Detroit located 20 miles north of the city of Detroit.

Rochester was the first European settlement in Oakland County when it was founded in 1818. It became part of the Avon Township in 1835 and incorporated as an autonomous city in 1967. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Rochester Hills and also borders Shelby Township to the east.

Rochester Hills, Michigan
Rochester Hills is a city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. A northern suburb of Detroit, Rochester Hills is located about 25 miles (40 km) north of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 76,300. The area was first settled by European Americans in 1817 and organized as Avon Township in 1835. The city of Rochester was incorporated in 1967, while the remaining area of Avon Township was incorporated and renamed the city of Rochester Hills in 1984.
Russell Brands
Russell Brands, LLC was an American corporation that manufactured sports equipment, marketing its products under many brands and subsidiaries, such as Russell Athletic (its flagship brand) and Spalding. Formerly a publicly traded company, Russell Brands was acquired by Fruit of the Loom, a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, in 2006.

Spalding (company)
Spalding is an American sports equipment manufacturing company. It was founded by Albert Spalding in Chicago in 1876 as a baseball manufacturer, and is today headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky. It sells softballs through its subsidiary Dudley Sports. In the past, Spalding has manufactured balls for other sports, including American football, soccer, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and golf.  The company invented the first basketball in 1894.

For a brief period in the 1980s, Spalding was also a designer of aftermarket automotive wheels.
R v Shivpuri
R v Shivpuri [1986] UKHL 2 is a House of Lords case in English law as to whether a criminal attempt which had a "more than merely preparatory act" and mens rea of an inchoate stage but of a crime which transpired to be impossible (or rendered lawful) in its completion – as the actus reus unwittingly related to a lawful, not what the defendant apprehended to be an unlawful substance – amounted to an attempt to commit a crime.  The judicial panel, the highest court of England, decided it would amount to the crimes of attempted dealing in and harbouring a controlled drug, with intent to evade the prohibition of importation of the same. In doing so, it overturned its own ruling the year before in Anderton v Ryan, applying the Practice Statement of 1966.

Anderton v Ryan
Anderton v Ryan [1985] is a House of Lords case in English criminal law (in the highest court of the land at the time), on whether an act which would amount to an offence but which by virtue of a misunderstanding of the goods involved was impossible (nonetheless a fully believed offence by the perpetrator at the time, specifically of purchasing posited stolen goods) breaks section 1 of the Criminal Attempts Act 1981; the court established against a similar defendant the next year that the reverse should hold true in future (per R v Shivpuri).
Ethel Mary Wood
Ethel Mary Wood CBE born Ethel Mary Hogg (29 June 1877 – 29 June 1970) was an advertising executive, feminist campaigner, philanthropist and collector of bibles. She was the daughter of Quintin Hogg, a businessman who established the Regent Street Polytechnic. Wood inherited her father's strong religious convictions and philanthropy, serving with the London War Pensions Committee, the Winter Distress League and as governor of the Regent Street Polytechnic.

Quintin Hogg (merchant)
Quintin Hogg (14 February 1845 – 17 January 1903) was an English philanthropist, remembered primarily as a benefactor of the Royal Polytechnic institution at Regent Street, London, now the University of Westminster.
2011 Tri Nations Series
The 2011 Tri Nations Series was the sixteenth annual Tri Nations rugby union series between the national rugby union teams of New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, respectively nicknamed the All Blacks, Wallabies and Springboks. It was also the last series in which only these three teams participated. In 2012, Argentina's Pumas joined this competition, which was rebranded as The Rugby Championship. This made this series the last under the Tri Nations name until 2020, when South Africa withdrew due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The 2011 Rugby World Cup was held in New Zealand between 9 September and 23 October 2011. As a result, the 2011 Tri Nations was shortened to include only six games instead of the usual nine. Each team played the other two countries twice rather than three times. Australia won the series for the first time in ten years.

The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship, formerly known as the Tri Nations Series (1996–2011), is an international rugby union competition contested by Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. These are traditionally the four highest-ranked national teams in the Southern Hemisphere.

The competition is administered by SANZAAR, a consortium consisting of four national governing bodies: the South African Rugby Union (SARU), New Zealand Rugby (NZR), Rugby Australia (RA) and the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The inaugural Tri Nations Series tournament was in 1996, and was won by New Zealand. South Africa won their first title in 1998, and Australia their first in 2000. Following the last Tri Nations Series tournament in 2011, New Zealand had won ten championships, with South Africa and Australia on three titles each. The first Rugby Championship was won by New Zealand, who won all six of their matches.
Aleksotas Eldership
The Aleksotas Eldership (Lithuanian: Aleksoto Seniunija) is an eldership in the southern section of the city of Kaunas, Lithuania, bordering the left bank of the Nemunas River. Its population in 2006 was 21,694. The elderate borders Vilijampolė and Centras in the north, Šančiai and Panemunė in the east, Garliava in the south as well as Akademija in the west.

Centras Eldership
The Centras Eldership (Lithuanian: Centro seniūnija) is an Eldership in the city of Kaunas, Lithuania, based on two neighbourhoods of Kaunas - the Old City and the New City. It lies at the confluence of two major Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris. The borough borders Žaliakalnis in the north, Šančiai in the east, Aleksotas in the south and Vilijampolė in the west.
National Anti-Hazing Hotline
The National Anti-Hazing Hotline is an anonymous reporting system for suspected incidents of hazing by North American college fraternities and sororities. It was created by a collaborative of 21 American Greek letter organizations in 2007 and currently involves 47 national and international groups. The hotline is independently monitored by the law firm Manley Burke.

Hazing in fraternities and sororities
Hazing in Greek letter organizations is defined as any act or set of acts that constitutes hazing and occurs in connection to a fraternity or sorority.

Hazing is often cited as one of the most harmful aspects of fraternities and sororities and poses a major threat to their existence, drawing great criticism from educators and administrators.  As fraternities and sororities are very diverse in their structures, regulations, governing entities, and memberships, and as hazing can take on many forms, the issue of hazing within these organizations is complex and multifaceted.
Ajdabiya District
Ajdabiya (Arabic: إجدابيا) is a former district of Libya. It lay in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital was Ajdabiya. As of 2007, it was subsumed within the enlarged Al Wahat District.

When Ajdabiya district was in existence from 2001 to 2007, it had, in the north, a short stretch of coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it bordered the following districts:

Hizam al Akhdar - northeast

Al Wahat - east

Kufra - southeast

Jufra - southwest

Sirte - west

Ajdabiya district previously also existed from 1987 to 1995 when it covered a larger area, including all of the 2001-2007 Al Wahat District, and some additional area to the south.

Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya (/ˌɑːdʒdəˈbiːə/ AHJ-də-BEE-ə; Arabic: أجدابيا, romanized: Aǧdābiyā) is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya. It is some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Benghazi. From 2001 to 2007 it was part of and capital of the Ajdabiya District.  The town is divided into three Basic People's Congresses: North Ajdabiya, West Ajdabiya and East Ajdabiya.

During the Libyan Civil War, the city changed hands several times between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces, with the anti-Gaddafi forces finally securing the town in April 2011.  As many civilians had fled the fighting, one March 2011 report described the city as a "ghost town."

Later, during the Second Libyan Civil War, the city was seized by the Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council until it was taken over by the Libyan National Army on 21 February 2016.
Prabhabati Bose
Prabhabati Bose (née Dutta) was an Indian social activist and politician. She was born in 1869 into a respected Kayastha  Bharadwaja clan Dutta family of Hatkhola, in Calcutta North. She was the eldest daughter of Ganganarayan Dutta and Kamala Kamini Dutta of Kashinath Dutta Road, Baranagore (a suburb of Calcutta), India. Subhas Chandra Bose is her son.

In 1880, at the age of 11, she was married off to Janakinath Bose who hailed from a Kulin Bose family from the village Kodalia (located near Sonarpur).

Janakinath Bose
Janakinath Bose (also Janaki Nath Bose; 28 May 1860 – 2 December 1934) was an Indian lawyer and advocate, who was the father of Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose and barrister Sarat Chandra Bose.
Utah State Route 51
State Route 51 (SR-51) is a short 3.339-mile-long (5.374 km) state highway completely within Utah County in northern Utah. SR-51 connects SR-147 to U.S. Route 89 (US-89). The highway is an old routing of US-91.

U.S. Route 91
U.S. Route 91 or U.S. Highway 91 (US 91) is a 172.7-mile-long (277.9 km) north–south United States highway running from Brigham City, Utah, to Idaho Falls, Idaho, in the U.S. states of Idaho and Utah. Despite the "1" as the last digit in the number, US 91 is no longer a cross-country artery, as it has mostly been replaced by Interstate 15. The highway currently serves to connect the communities of the Cache Valley to I-15 and beyond. Prior to the mid-1970s, US 91 was an international commerce route from Long Beach, California, to the Canada–US border north of Sweetgrass, Montana. US 91 was routed on the main streets of most of the communities it served, including Las Vegas Boulevard in Las Vegas and State Street in Salt Lake City. From Los Angeles to Salt Lake, the route was built along the corridor of the Arrowhead Trail.  A portion of the highway's former route in California is currently State Route 91.
Vasquez Formation
The Vasquez Formation (Tvz) is a geologic formation cropping out at the eponymous Vasquez Rocks in southern California. The formation dates to the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (Arikareean in the NALMA classification).

Vasquez Rocks
Vasquez Rocks Natural Area Park is a 932-acre (377-hectare) park located in the Sierra Pelona in northern Los Angeles County, California. It is known for its rock formations, the result of sedimentary layering and later tectonic uplift. It is located near the town of Agua Dulce, between the cities of Santa Clarita and Palmdale. The area is visible from the Antelope Valley Freeway (State Route 14). Its location approximately 25 miles (40 km) from downtown Los Angeles places it within Hollywood's "studio zone" and makes it a popular filming location for films and television programs.
Caitlin Atkins
Caitlin Atkins is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Emily Milburn. The actress originally auditioned for the role of Anne Wilkinson and received the part of Caitlin six months later. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 September 1997. Caitlin is introduced as the younger sister of series regular Ben Atkins (Brett Cousins). She is portrayed as being strong willed and manipulative, yet vulnerable. Milburn said Caitlin was very different from her, but she enjoyed cutting loose for the role. Caitlin is a talented swimmer and she falls for her training partner, Billy Kennedy (Jesse Spencer), whom she pursues despite knowing he is in a relationship. Producers decided to write the character out of the show in April 1998. Caitlin departed alongside her older brother, Nicholas Atkins (Jason Crewes) on 24 June 1998.

Ben Atkins
Ben Atkins is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Brett Cousins. He made his first appearance during the episode broadcast on 9 April 1997. He departed on 22 May 1998, before making a two-episode guest appearance the following month.