hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mali Graben
Mali Graben (Slovene: Mali graben) is a creek and a natural branch of the Gradaščica River in southwest Ljubljana. It flows south of and parallel to the Gradaščica and is the largest affluent of the Ljubljanica River. It is also known as Stržen (literally, 'thalweg') and Mala voda ('Little Creek').

The creek is a natural channel. It splits from the Gradaščica not far from Bokalce Castle, then flows across the southern part of the Murgle residential district and joins the Ljubljanica from the left side near the Gruber Canal. Most of the water from the Gradaščica is diverted into Mali Graben, helping to alleviate flooding of the Trnovo District in Ljubljana.

Beginning of the Mali Graben west of the Vrhovci neighborhood in the west part of Ljubljana

Gradaščica
The Gradaščica is a river in Slovenia. The river is 33 km (21 mi) long. It begins in Polhov Gradec at the confluence of Little Creek (Slovene: Mala Voda) and Big Božna Creek. Near Vrhovci it is joined by Horjulščica Creek (also known as Horjulka Creek). Not far past Bokalce, most of the stream is split off into the Mali Graben and the rest continues as the Gradaščica (also known as the Mestna Gradaščica 'Town Gradaščica'). This continues through the Vrhovci neighborhood into the Vič District, where it is joined by Glinščica Creek, before continuing into the Trnovo District and emptying into the Ljubljanica.
Daniel Sleator
Daniel Dominic Kaplan Sleator (born 10 December 1953) is a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States. In 1999, he won the ACM Paris Kanellakis Award (jointly with Robert Tarjan) for the splay tree data structure.

He was one of the pioneers in amortized analysis of algorithms, early examples of which were the analyses of the move-to-front heuristic, and splay trees. He invented many data structures with Robert Tarjan, such as splay trees, link/cut trees, and skew heaps.

The Sleator and Tarjan paper on the move-to-front heuristic first suggested the idea of comparing an online algorithm to an optimal offline algorithm, for which the term competitive analysis was later coined in a paper of Karlin, Manasse, Rudolph, and Sleator. Sleator also developed the theory of link grammars, and the Serioso music analyzer for analyzing meter and harmony in written music.

Robert Tarjan
Robert Endre Tarjan (born April 30, 1948) is an American computer scientist and mathematician.  He is the discoverer of several graph theory algorithms, including his strongly connected components algorithm, and co-inventor of both splay trees and Fibonacci heaps. Tarjan is currently the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University. He and John Hopcroft won the 1986 ACM Turing Award.
Béla Fleck and the Flecktones (album)
Béla Fleck and the Flecktones is the debut album by Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, released in 1990. It reached number 17 on the Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. At the Grammy Awards of 1997, a live version of "The Sinister Minister", a track from the album, won the Best Pop Instrumental Performance award.

39th Annual Grammy Awards
The 39th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 26, 1997, at Madison Square Garden, New York City. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. Babyface and the Beatles were the night's biggest winners, with 3 awards each. Celine Dion, Toni Braxton, Sheryl Crow, and The Fugees won two awards. Celine Dion for "Best Pop Album" and "Album of the Year" and Toni Braxton for "Best Female R&B Vocal Performance" and "Best Female Pop Vocal Performance". The show was hosted by Ellen DeGeneres who also performed the opening with Shawn Colvin, Bonnie Rait, and Chaka Khan.
SARP Honorary Award
The SARP Honorary Award (Polish: Honorowa Nagroda SARP)  is one of the two most prominent and significant annual architectural prizes in Poland, and it's awarded by the Association of Polish Architects (SARP) in recognition of the outstanding lifetime achievements in the field of architecture. It has been acclaimed 'the most prestigious architecture award' by Polish daily Gazeta Wyborcza and by Art & business: gazeta aukcyjna.

It was founded in 1966 and, since then, awarded to a number of Poland's best contemporary architects, amongst them: Marek Budzyński, Stanisław Niemczyk, Ryszard Jurkowski, Stefan Kuryłowicz and Maciej Miłobędzki.

Stefan Kuryłowicz
Stefan Kuryłowicz (26 March 1949 – June 6, 2011) was a Polish architect and professor who is widely credited with transforming the architecture and skyline of Warsaw, Poland, in the twenty years following the collapse of Communism in 1989. Media reports have called Kuryłowicz "one of the most influential Polish architects." He and the late architect Jacek Syropolski created the architecture company, Kurylowicz & Associates.
Kyrylo Budanov
Kyrylo Oleksiiovych Budanov (Ukrainian: Кирило Олексійович Буданов; born 4 January 1986) is a Ukrainian military leader who has served as the Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine since 2 January 2026. Before that, he served as the chief of the Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine from August 2020. Budanov previously served as the deputy director of one of the departments of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine. He holds the rank of lieutenant general.

Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)
The Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Головне управління розвідки Міністерства оборони України, ГУР МОУ, romanized: Holovne upravlinnia rozvidky Ministerstva oborony Ukrainy, GUR / HUR MO), also known in English as the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine (DIU), is the military intelligence service of the Ukrainian government. It is an agency of the Ministry of Defence, not the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Unlike the intelligence agencies of many countries, the HUR is not restricted to intelligence-gathering but also carries out military operations.
NOW Party
The ACUM Party (Romanian: Partidul ACUM), often shortened to ACUM (Romanian: ACUM) is a Romanian micro political party centered on green politics and environmentalism.

On 24 September 2024, DEMOS, NOW and REPER announced an electoral alliance to contest the 2024 Romanian legislative election, the Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress.

Renewing Romania's European Project
Renewing Romania's European Project (Romanian: Reînnoim Proiectul European al României, REPER) is a political party in Romania. It is a splinter of the Save Romania Union (USR) and is currently led by president Camelia Sălcudean. The party was founded in May 2022, in opposition to USR's leadership under Cătălin Drulă. The party is mostly associated with former technocratic Prime Minister and former USR president Dacian Cioloș, who founded the party. On 7 May 2023, Dragoș Pîslaru and Ramona Strugariu were voted co-presidents at the latest congress of the party.
Bosansko Grahovo
Bosansko Grahovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Босанско Грахово) is a town and the seat of the Municipality of Bosansko Grahovo in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in western Bosnia and Herzegovina along the border with Croatia. Prior to 1919, it was known as Arežin Brijeg.

Municipality of Bosansko Grahovo
Municipality of Bosansko Grahovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Општина Босанско Грахово; Croatian: Općina Bosansko Grahovo) is a municipality in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its seat is in Bosansko Grahovo. According to the 2013 census, it had a population of 2,449.
Shivasatakshi Municipality
Shivasatakshi is a municipality in the southeastern part of Jhapa District in the Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The new municipality was formed by merging four existing VDCs—Shivaganj, Satasidham, Dharampur, and Panchgachhi—on 2 Dec 2014. The office of the municipality is that of the former Satasidham village development committee (VDC).

Shivaganj
Shivganj  was a village development committee in Jhapa District in the Province No. 1 of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 13,619 people living in 2,490 individual households. It was later merged with Satasidham, Dharampur, and Panchgachhi to form the Shivasatakshi municipality.
San Martín del Rey Aurelio
San Martín del Rey Aurelio (Asturian: Samartín del Rei Aurelio) is a municipality of the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain.

There are three main towns in the municipality: Sotrondio, El Entrego, and Blimea, and many villages, such as Santa Bárbara and La Hueria.

Santa Bárbara (San Martín)
Santa Bárbara is one of five parishes (administrative divisions) in San Martín del Rey Aurelio, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is 18.51 km2 (7.15 sq mi) in size, with a population of 533 (INE 2005).
Artur Dalaloyan
Artur Grachyevich Dalaloyan (Russian: Артур Грачьевич Далалоян) born 26 April 1996 is a Russian artistic gymnast who represented ROC at the 2020 Summer Olympics.  He was part of the teams who won gold at the 2020 Olympic Games and 2019 World Championships and silver at the 2018 World Championships. 
Individually Dalaloyan is the 2018 World All-Around Champion and the 2019 World All-Around silver medalist.  He is a nine-time World medalist and a five-time European champion.

2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2018 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships was the 48th edition of the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. The competition was held from October 25 – November 3, 2018, at the Aspire Academy Dome in Doha, Qatar.

It was the first time that the competition was held in the Middle East.

Simone Biles became the first American to medal on every event at a single World Championships and the first woman to do so in 31 years. The last person to complete this feat was Russian Yelena Shushunova in 1987.
Barceloneta, Puerto Rico
Barceloneta (Spanish pronunciation: [baɾseloˈneta], locally [baɭseloˈneta]) is a town and municipality in Puerto Rico located in the north region, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, north of Florida (city and municipality in Puerto Rico), east of Arecibo, and west of Manatí. Barceloneta is spread over 3 barrios and Barceloneta Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Barceloneta barrio-pueblo
Barceloneta barrio-pueblo is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Barceloneta, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 435.

As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.
Jarrow–Turnbull model
The Jarrow–Turnbull model is a widely used "reduced-form" credit risk model. 
It was published in 1995 by Robert A. Jarrow and Stuart Turnbull. 
Under the model, which returns the corporate's probability of default, bankruptcy is modeled as a statistical process.
The model extends the reduced-form model of Merton (1976)   to a random interest rates framework.

Reduced-form models are an approach to credit risk modeling that contrasts sharply with "structural credit models",
the best known of which is the Merton model of 1974.
Reduced-form models focus on modeling the probability of default as a statistical process, whereas structural-models inhere a microeconomic model of the firm's capital structure, deriving the (single-period) probability of default from the random variation in the (unobservable) value of the firm's assets.
Large financial institutions employ default models of both the structural and reduced-form types.

Probability of default
Probability of default (PD) is a financial term describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations.

PD is used in a variety of credit analyses and risk management frameworks. Under Basel II, it is a key parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital for a banking institution.

PD is closely linked to the expected loss, which is defined as the product of the PD, the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD).
Metalanguage Records
Metalanguage Records was a record label in Berkeley, California, founded in 1978 by Henry Kaiser and Larry Ochs.  It showcased Rova as well as many independent artists and produced the Rova Arts Festival in 1980.

Rova Saxophone Quartet
Rova Saxophone Quartet is an American, San Francisco–based saxophone quartet, formed in October 1977. The name "Rova" is an acronym formed from the last initials of the founding members: Jon Raskin, Larry Ochs, Andrew Voigt, and Bruce Ackley. When Voigt left in 1988, he was replaced by Steve Adams, but the group did not change the acronym.
Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)
The Third Battle of Changsha (24 December 1941 – 15 January 1942; Chinese: 第三次長沙會戰) was the first major offensive in China by Imperial Japanese forces following the Japanese attack on the Western Allies and the attack on Pearl Harbor, and Japan's third of four attempts to capture the Chinese city of Changsha. It was conducted with the purpose of severing Chinese lines of communication with British Hong Kong, and seizing control of Changsha's food production.

The offensive resulted in failure for the Japanese, as Chinese forces were able to lure them into a trap and encircle them. After suffering heavy casualties, Japanese forces were forced to carry out a general retreat.

Battle of Changsha (1941)
The (Second) Battle of Changsha (6 September – 8 October 1941; Chinese: 第二次長沙會戰) was Japan's second attempt at taking the city of Changsha, China, the capital of Hunan Province, as part of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Single Street
Single Street is a hamlet in the London Borough of Bromley in Greater London, located between Luxted and Berry's Green, and centred around a street of the same name. The first record of a settlement under the name 'Single Street' is from an Ordnance Survey map in 1871, but its name is derived from sengel, an Old English word meaning 'burnt clearing'.
Situated around 1 mile from both the Kent and Surrey borders, it is part of the largest ward in Greater London,  Darwin (ward), covering a rural area including Downe, Cudham, Leaves Green, Berry's Green, and Westerham Hill.

Downe
Downe, formerly Down (/daʊn/), is a village in Greater London, England, located within the London Borough of Bromley, which formed part of the historical county of Kent until 1965, and is beyond London's urban sprawl. The naturalist Charles Darwin lived in Down House for forty years until his death in 1882.

Downe is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) south west of Orpington and 14.2 miles (22.9 km) south east of Charing Cross in London. Downe lies on a low ridge (an outlier of the North Downs), and much of the centre of the village retains its historic buildings; the former village school now acts as the village hall.

The word Downe originates from the Anglo Saxon word dūn, latterly down, hence the South and North Downs.

In April 1965, much of Orpington Urban District, including Downe, was transferred from the historic county of Kent and placed within the newly created London Borough of Bromley.
Ribauldequin
A ribauldequin, also known as a rabauld, randy, ribault, ribaudkin, infernal machine or organ gun, was a late medieval volley gun with many small-caliber iron barrels set up parallel on a platform, in use in medieval and early modern Europe during the Renaissance period. The name organ gun comes from the resemblance of the multiple barrels to a pipe organ.

When the gun was fired, multiple barrels discharged their projectiles at once, yielding a much higher rate of fire than single-barrel (typically larger-caliber) guns. Organ guns were lighter and more mobile than most previous artillery pieces, making them more suitable for engaging enemy personnel rather than fixed fortifications such as castles. As an early type of multiple-barrel firearm, the ribauldequin is sometimes considered the predecessor of the 19th century mitrailleuse.

Volley gun
A volley gun is a gun with multiple single-shot barrels that volley fired simultaneously or sequentially in quick succession. Their volume of fire is limited by the number of barrels bundled together.

In practice, large volley guns were not particularly more useful than a cannon firing canister shot or grapeshot. Since they were still mounted on a carriage, they could be as hard to aim and move around as a cannon, and the many barrels took as long or longer to reload. They also tended to be relatively expensive since they were more complex than a cannon, due to all the barrels and ignition fuses, and each barrel had to be individually loaded, unloaded, maintained, and cleaned.
Allan Cup Hockey
Allan Cup Hockey (ACH), also known as the OHA Senior “AAA” Hockey League, is a senior ice hockey league with five teams in Southern Ontario.  The league was founded in 1990 as the Southwestern Senior "A" Hockey League. It is governed by the Ontario Hockey Association and Hockey Canada. The league champions go on to play for the Allan Cup each year.  The league came to its latest incarnation when it lost several teams leaving it with two and as a result it merged with the Eastern Ontario Senior Hockey League in 2008.

Ontario Elite Hockey League
The Ontario Elite Hockey League  is a Canadian senior ice hockey league governed by the Ontario Hockey Association and Hockey Canada.  The league operates in Southwestern Ontario. As of the 2024–25 season, the champion of the OEHL will be eligible to challenge the champion of Allan Cup Hockey for a spot in the Canadian national Senior AAA championship and a chance to win the Allan Cup.

Formerly known as the WOAA Senior AA Hockey League, and governed by the autonomous Western Ontario Athletic Association, in the summer of 2023 ten of the twelve existing teams voted to leave the WOAA and reform under the umbrella of the Ontario Hockey Association.
Chadwick School
Chadwick School is a nonsectarian independent K-12 day school located in an unincorporated area on the Palos Verdes Peninsula in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Specifically it is located at the top of the neighborhood referred to as Academy Hill, which is bounded by a canyon, a precipice, Crenshaw Boulevard, and Palos Verdes Drive North.

Palos Verdes Peninsula
The Palos Verdes Peninsula (Palos Verdes (Spanish for 'Green Sticks')) is a peninsular subregion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, located within southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is often called simply "Palos Verdes", and is made up of a group of cities in the Palos Verdes Hills, including Palos Verdes Estates, Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills, Rolling Hills Estates, and the unincorporated community of Westfield/Academy Hill, as well as the Los Angeles City neighborhood of San Pedro.

The peninsula is located in the South Bay region. It borders the city of Torrance to its north, the Pacific Ocean is on the west and south, and the Port of Los Angeles is to the east. As of the 2010 census, the population of the Palos Verdes Peninsula is 65,008. The hill cities on the peninsula are known for scenic views of the Pacific Ocean and cityscapes, distinguished schools, extensive horse trails, and high-value homes.
Oliur Rahman (homeopath)
Oliur Rahman was a East Pakistani homeopath, translator, and islamic exegete. The founding president of the Awami Ulama Party, he was killed by members of the Al-Badr militia during the 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals.

1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals
In 1971, the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, most notably the extreme Islamist far-right militia group Al-Badr, engaged in the genocidal massacre of Bengali intellectuals during the Bangladesh War of 1971. Bengali intellectuals were abducted, tortured, and killed during the entire duration of the war as part of the Bangladesh genocide. However, the largest number of systematic executions took place on 25 March and 14 December 1971, two dates that bookend the conflict. 14 December is commemorated in Bangladesh as Martyred Intellectuals Day.
Philip Day (businessman)
Philip Edward Day (born October 1965) is a Dubai-based British billionaire businessman. He is the CEO and owner of Peacocks and The Edinburgh Woollen Mill (which owns Bonmarché and Ponden Home).

As of May 2020, his net worth was £1.1 billion, according to the Sunday Times Rich List.

Edinburgh Woollen Mill
Purepay Retail Limited, trading as The Edinburgh Woollen Mill, is a British clothing retailer founded in 1946 by Drew Stevenson. It is headquartered in Carlisle, England.

In November 2002, Philip Day led a management buy-out of the retailer. The Edinburgh Woollen Mill acquired Ponden Mill (later Ponden Homes) in January 2008, Peacocks in February 2012, and Bonmarché in April 2019. The retailer also owned Jane Norman, before closing it in May 2018. In April 2021, Peacocks was moved to a separate sister company.
Gerald McNeil
Gerald Lynn McNeil (born March 27, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver and return specialist for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cleveland Browns and Houston Oilers. He also played in the United States Football League (USFL) for two seasons with the Houston Gamblers.

McNeil played college football for the Baylor Bears, earning first-team All-American honors in 1983. The lightest player in the NFL, McNeil was nicknamed "the Ice Cube" because he was small and difficult for tacklers to grab hold of. It was also a play off Bears defensive tackle William Perry’s nickname, “The Refrigerator”. McNeil was drafted in the 1984 NFL supplemental draft and selected to the Pro Bowl in 1987. Known for his explosive returning ability, McNeil scored four touchdowns in his NFL career, including an 84-yard punt return against the Detroit Lions and a 100-yard kickoff return against the Pittsburgh Steelers.

1984 NFL supplemental draft of USFL and CFL players
The 1984 NFL supplemental draft of USFL and CFL players was a one-time draft of United States Football League (USFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL) players held on June 5, 1984.

While there were a few Hall of Famers and Pro Bowl players in this draft, the quality was generally lower than in the normal annual draft. There were six first round draft picks from this draft (Wayne Peace, Paul Bergmann, Ken Hobart, Allanda Smith, Duanne Gunn and Danny Knight) who never played a game in the NFL. No normal first round draft pick has failed to play in the NFL since Jim Detwiler in 1967.
Moravian Diet
The Moravian Diet (Latin: Moraviae generali colloquio; Czech: Moravský zemský sněm; earlier Moravský stavovský sněm; German: Mährisch-ständische Landtag) was the legislature of Moravia, the general assembly of the estates of the Margraviate of Moravia. It emerged from earlier informal assemblies known as the Moravian corporate Diet (or Diet of the estates of the Moravian Lands).

Margraviate of Moravia
The Margraviate of Moravia (Czech: Markrabství moravské; German: Markgrafschaft Mähren) was one of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, existing from 1182 to 1918. It was officially administered by a margrave in cooperation with a provincial diet. It was variously a de facto independent state, and also subject to the Duchy, later the Kingdom of Bohemia. It comprised the historical region called Moravia, which lies within the present-day Czech Republic.