hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
City of Chelmsford
The City of Chelmsford (/ˈtʃɛlmzfərd/) is a local government district with borough and city status in Essex, England. It is named after its main settlement, Chelmsford, which is also the county town of Essex. As well as the settlement of Chelmsford itself, the district also includes the surrounding rural area and the town of South Woodham Ferrers.

The neighbouring districts are Uttlesford, Braintree, Maldon, Rochford, Basildon, Brentwood and Epping Forest.

South Woodham Ferrers
South Woodham Ferrers is a town and civil parish in the City of Chelmsford district of Essex, England. It is approximately 35 miles (56 km) east of London and 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Chelmsford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 16,026.

The town is situated east of Fenn Creek, near to where it meets the River Crouch. South Woodham Ferrers is part of the Maldon constituency represented by Sir John Whittingdale MP.
Rosetta Stone Inc.
Rosetta Stone Inc. is an American education technology software company that develops language, literacy and brain-fitness software. Best known for its  language-learning products, in 2013, the company expanded beyond language into education-technology with its acquisitions of Livemocha, Lexia Learning, Fit Brains, and Tell Me More. In 2021, it became a subsidiary of IXL Learning.

Cambium Learning Group
Cambium Learning Group is an American education technology and services company that creates computer software and hardware products serving students ranging from pre-kindergarten to adult. Cambium Learning is a portfolio company of Veritas Capital, a New York-based private equity firm.
Turkestan Province
Turkestan Province (Persian: ولایت ترکستان, romanized: Wilāyat-i Turkistān) was a province in Afghanistan.

It was located in northern Afghanistan in the region still known as Afghan Turkestan. In 1890, Qataghan-Badakhshan Province was separated from Turkestan Province. It is present in an administrative map of 1929, but was abolished by the time of the 1946 population census.

From its founding in 1850 until 1854, Balkh was the capital of the province. However, the city of Balkh was deprecated and in ruins. As a result, in 1854 the capital was moved by Muhammad Afzal Khan to Takhtapul. It would remain the capital until the governor Muhammad 'Alam Khan transitioned to Mazar-i-Sharif between July 1869 and 1873/74.

Mohammad Afzal Khan
Mohammad Afzal Khan Barakzai (1815 – 7 October 1867) was the governor of Afghan Turkestan from 1849 to 1863 and was Emir of Afghanistan from May 1866 to October 1867. The oldest son of Dost Mohammad Khan, Afzal Khan was born in Kabul in 1815. His father died on 9 June 1863 followed by a civil war among Dost Mohammad Khan's sons. In May 1866 he seized power from his brother Sher Ali Khan and captured Kabul. A year later he contracted cholera and died on 7 October 1867. Following Afzal Khan's death, Mohammad Azam Khan was proclaimed Amir of Afghanistan. He was an ethnic Pashtun and belonged to the Barakzai tribe.

Mohammad Afzal Khan's third son Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir from 1880 to 1901. Afzal Khan was also responsible for the creation of Takhtapul.
Tulasnella
Tulasnella is a genus of effused (patch-forming) fungi in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when visible, are typically smooth, ceraceous (waxy) to subgelatinous, frequently lilaceous to violet-grey, and formed on the underside of fallen branches and logs. They are microscopically distinct in having basidia with grossly swollen sterigmata (or epibasidia) on which basidiospores are formed. One atypical species, Tulasnella aurantiaca, produces orange to red, gelatinous, pustular anamorphs on wood. Some species form facultative mycorrhizas with orchids and liverworts. Around 80 species of Tulasnella are known worldwide.

Tulasnella aurantiaca
Tulasnella aurantiaca is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. It produces orange-red, pustular, gelatinous anamorphic states on dead, deciduous wood. Originally described from Europe, it also occurs in North America where the species appears to be more common.
Iruvar Ullam (1963 film)
Iruvar Ullam (transl. Couple's Heart) is a 1963 Indian Tamil-language romance film, directed by L. V. Prasad and written by M. Karunanidhi. Based on Lakshmi's novel Pen Manam, the film stars Sivaji Ganesan and B. Saroja Devi, while M. R. Radha, S. V. Ranga Rao, T. R. Ramachandran, T. P. Muthulakshmi, Sandhya and Padmini Priyadarshini play supporting roles. It is a remake of 1961 Telugu film Bharya Bhartalu.

The music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan, while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan. K. S. Prasad and A. Sanjeevi handled cinematography and editing respectively. The filming was held in places like Kodaikanal, Kanyakumari and Bangalore.

Iruvar Ullam was released on 29 March 1963 and became a box office success. Clips of the film were used to portray the younger Ganesan and Saroja in the 1997 film Once More, which Saroja Devi considered a sequel to Iruvar Ullam.

Bharya Bhartalu
Bharya Bhartalu (transl. Wife and Husband) is a 1961 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by A. V. Subba Rao under the Prasad Art Pictures banner and directed by K. Pratyagatma. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Krishna Kumari, with music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao. The film was adapted from the Tamil novel Pennmanam by Lakshmi Tripurasundari. It was remade in Malayalam as Abhimaanam (1975). The movie was also remade in Tamil as Iruvar Ullam (1963) and in Hindi as Hamrahi (1963) - both of which completed 25 weeks run.
Royal Brunei Police Force Sports Council
The Royal Brunei Police Force Sports Council (RBPFSC; Malay: Majlis Sukan Pasukan Polis Diraja Brunei), or simply MS PPDB, is the multi-sport club of the Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) in Brunei Darussalam.

Its football team play in the Brunei Super League (BSL).

Royal Brunei Armed Forces Sports Council
Royal Brunei Armed Forces Sports Council; Malay: Majlis Sukan Angkatan Bersenjata Diraja Brunei, commonly abbreviated MS ABDB, is the multi-sport club in charge of all sporting activities of all service branches of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF, Angkatan Bersenjata Diraja Brunei – ABDB), in the sultanate of Brunei Darussalam.
Even Murderers Take Holidays and Other Mysteries
Even Murderers Take Holidays and Other Mysteries is a collection of mystery stories by British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 2007 by the British company Robert Hale. It contains 25 previously uncollected stories, as well as an introduction by John Cooper and an appendix. The first twelve stories feature Inspector Petrella, one of the many recurring characters that Gilbert created throughout his long career of writing both novels and short stories. Its next story has Mr. Calder and Mr. Behrens, and there are four stories about Inspector Hazlerigg. Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was presented Bouchercon's Lifetime Achievement Award.  The stories are mostly set in London and its environs.

Patrick Petrella
Patrick Petrella is a fictional police detective created by the British mystery writer Michael Gilbert who appears in ten books published between 1959 and 2003 and is probably the best-known of the half-dozen or so recurring characters that Gilbert wrote about throughout his long career. He is the protagonist of two novels and of 54 short stories that were first published in magazines and newspapers and then republished in eight collections of stories. In one of the short stories, however, "The Spoilers", in Game Without Rules, featuring Mr. Calder and Mr. Behrens as the protagonists, he appears only very briefly, at the end of the story. In his first appearance in a novel, the 1959 police procedural Blood and Judgement, Petrella is a "probationary" Detective Sergeant at the (fictional) Q Division of the London Metropolitan Police. By the final novel in the series, Roller Coaster, he has worked his way up to become a Superintendent.
Josep Maria Flotats
Josep Maria Flotats i Picas (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛb məˈɾi.ə fluˈtats]; born 12 January 1939) is a Catalan actor and theatre director.

He was born in Barcelona, where he started as an actor in Associació Dramàtica de Barcelona, and made his theatre debut in 1957 with Les maletes del senyor Bernet.

He received a student grant to study drama in Strasbourg in 1959, and he joined the Théâtre National Populaire in 1967, Théâtre de la Ville in 1968, and French National Theatre Comédie Française in 1981.

In 1983, he went back to Catalonia with the play Dom Joan by Molière, and created the "Companyia Flotats" in 1984. From 1995 to his polemic dismissal in 1997, he was the principal of TNC (Catalan National Theatre)

He went to Madrid in 1998 and created the theatre company "Taller 75 S.L.". They debuted with Art, by Yasmina Reza.

Teatre Nacional de Catalunya
Teatre Nacional de Catalunya (TNC; Catalan pronunciation: [teˈatɾə nəsi.uˈnal də kətəˈluɲə]; National Theatre of Catalonia) is a public theatre located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was created by the Culture Department of the Catalan Government to normalize and enhance the theatre and dance in Catalan language and their creators.

The building is located at Plaça de les Arts, in front of L'Auditori and near Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes and is one of the emblematic cultural facilities of Barcelona.
James R. Hines Jr.
James R. Hines Jr. (born July 9, 1958) is an American economist and a founder of academic research into corporate-focused tax havens, and the effect of U.S. corporate tax policy on the behaviors of U.S. multinationals. He currently serves as the Richard A. Musgrave Collegiate Professor of Economics and the L. Hart Wright Collegiate Professor of Law at the University of Michigan.

Hines is the most cited author on the research of tax havens, and his work on tax havens was relied upon by the CEA when drafting the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. His papers were some of the first to analyse profit shifting, and to establish quantitative features of tax havens. Hines showed that being a tax haven could be a prosperous strategy for a jurisdiction, and controversially, that tax havens can promote economic growth.  Hines showed that use of tax havens by U.S. multinationals had maximized long-term U.S. exchequer tax receipts, at the expense of other jurisdictions.

Joel Slemrod
Joel Brian Slemrod (born July 14, 1951) is an American economist and academic, currently serving as a professor of economics at the University of Michigan and the Paul W. McCracken Collegiate Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy at the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan.
Epicranial aponeurosis
The  epicranial aponeurosis (aponeurosis epicranialis, galea aponeurotica) is an aponeurosis (a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue). It covers the upper part of the skull in humans and many other animals.

Aponeurosis
An aponeurosis (/ˌæpənjʊəˈroʊsɪs/; pl.: aponeuroses) is a flattened tendon by which muscle attaches to bone or fascia. Aponeuroses exhibit an ordered arrangement of collagen fibres, thus attaining high tensile strength in a particular direction while being vulnerable to tensional or shear forces in other directions. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, are histologically similar to tendons, and are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeuroses are in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, the ventriculus in birds, and the palmar (palms) and plantar (soles) regions.
11th Division (Spain)
The 11th Division (Spanish: 11ª División) was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed in January 1937 in Madrid beginning with the 1st Mixed Brigade which in turn had originated in the Fifth Regiment.

Nicknamed División Líster, it would become one of the elite divisions, as well as one of the most battle-hardened formations, of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces.

35th Division (Spain)
The 35th Division (Spanish: 35.ª División) was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War.

This unit was established in March 1937 in order to gather certain scattered units of the International Brigades under one command, therefore it was also known as the 35th International Division (35.ª División Internacional). It took part in some of the major battles of the conflict such as Brunete, Teruel and the Battle of the Ebro persistently being afflicted by numerous casualties, especially in the latter.
Cherokee County, Georgia
Cherokee County is in the US state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census the population was 266,620. The county seat is Canton. The county Board of Commissioners is the governing body, with members elected to office. Cherokee County is included to be part of Metro Atlanta.

Fulton County, Georgia
Fulton County is in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,066,710, making it the state's most populous county. Its county seat and most populous city is Atlanta, the state capital. About 90% of the city of Atlanta is within Fulton County; the remaining portion is in DeKalb County. Fulton County is the principal county of the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area.
Silver Screen Classics
Silver Screen Classics is a Canadian English language discretionary service (formerly Category B) specialty channel owned by Channel Zero Inc. The channel is the only Canadian television channel dedicated exclusively to classic films, broadcasting movies primarily from Hollywood's Golden Age, spanning the 1930s to the 1960s. Its programming includes feature films, silent films, serials, and short subjects.

The channel uses the tagline "The Faces You Remember in the Films You Can't Forget!" and features performances by classic Hollywood stars including John Wayne, Elizabeth Taylor, Humphrey Bogart, Fred Astaire, Marilyn Monroe, Ginger Rogers, Charlie Chaplin, Sophia Loren, Kirk Douglas, Spencer Tracy, Marlon Brando, Carole Lombard, and Barbara Stanwyck, as well as films by directors such as Alfred Hitchcock, Fritz Lang, Michael Curtiz, John Ford, and John Sturges.

Discretionary service
A discretionary service is a Canadian specialty channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried optionally by all subscription television providers. It replaces the previous category A, category B, category C (instead split into the categories of "mainstream sports" and "national news"), and premium classifications.

Discretionary services may air programming from any of the CRTC's defined categories, although no more than 10% of programming per month may be devoted to live professional sports. Discretionary services may be authorized to offer multiplex channels.
Sparkadia
Sparkadia was an Australian rock band, formed in Sydney in 2004. They were originally known as The Spark. The band was formed by Alexander Burnett (vocals, guitar) and Dave Hall (drums), and eventually expanded with the addition of Nick Rabone (bass) and Josephine Ayling (keyboards, guitar, vocals) in 2006. In 2008 Ayling was replaced by Tiffany Preece on guitars and vocals. By 2009 Sparkadia was Burnett's solo project. Sparkadia released two studio albums, Postcards (31 May 2008) and The Great Impression (18 March 2011).

Alexander Burnett (musician)
Alex Burnett (also known as Alexander Burnett) is a Sydney/London based singer, songwriter and producer known for fronting his band Sparkadia and collaborations with major artists including Thelma Plum, Hockey Dad, DJ Snake, Hayden James, Flight Facilities, Elderbrook, Mansionair, Kano, Chaka Khan and Hudson Taylor.

In 2011, he was labelled "what might be Australia's best rising songwriter" by the Sydney Morning Herald.
Rumble in the Jungle (DJ Maphorisa, Kabza De Small and Tresor album)
RUMBLE IN THE JUNGLE is an amapiano collaborative album by TRESOR, DJ Maphorisa and Kabza De Small. It was released on 9 April 2021 and features guest appearances from local South African musicians such as Tyler ICU, Mas Musiq  and the  Cape Town band Beatenberg. The 14-track album is composed of TRESOR's vocals, which are combined from genres such as amapiano, Kwassa kwassa, rumba, salsa, bubblegum and Afrobeats. The album also alternates between Swahili, French, English, Zulu and Lingala.

Tresor (musician)
Mukengerwa Tresor Riziki (born 24 April 1987), best known by his stage name Tresor (stylised as TRESOR), is a Congolese-born singer, songwriter, music producer, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He gained prominence in 2015 after releasing his single "Mount Everest" from his debut album, VII. His name "Tresor", when translated from French, means "treasure".
Academy of St Martin in the Fields
The Academy of St Martin in the Fields (ASMF) is an English orchestra, based in London.

John Churchill, then Master of Music at the London church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, and Neville Marriner founded the orchestra as "The Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields", a small, conductorless string group. The ASMF gave its first concert on 13 November 1959, in the church after which it was named. In 1988, the orchestra dropped the hyphens from its full name.

St Martin-in-the-Fields
St Martin-in-the-Fields is a Church of England parish church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London. Dedicated in honour of Saint Martin of Tours, there has been a church on the site since at least the medieval period. This location, at that time, was farmlands and fields beyond the London wall.

St Martin's became a principal parish church west of the old City in the early modern period as Westminster's population grew. When its medieval and Jacobean structure was found to be near failure, the present building was constructed in an influential neoclassical design by James Gibbs in 1722–1726. The church is one of the visual anchors adding to the open-urban space around Trafalgar Square.
Torneko's Great Adventure
Torneko's Great Adventure: Mystery Dungeon is a 1993 role-playing video game by Chunsoft. The first entry in the Mystery Dungeon series, the game features Torneko, a merchant from Dragon Quest IV, and his adventures around the Mystery Dungeon in search of items.

Torneko's Great Adventure is the first spin-off game in the Dragon Quest franchise. The game was a success with over 800,000 copies sold, which led to Chunsoft turning it into a franchise and released a sequel, Mystery Dungeon 2: Shiren the Wanderer, in 1995.  The unreleased English version of the game was to be called Mystery Dungeon: Taloon's Great Adventure.

Spike Chunsoft
Spike Chunsoft Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game development and localization company specializing in role-playing video games, visual novels and adventure games. The company was founded in 1984 as Chunsoft Co., Ltd. and merged with Spike in 2012. It is owned by Dwango.

It created games such as the first five Dragon Quest installments and the Mystery Dungeon franchise as Chunsoft, and the Conception series as Spike Chunsoft. They also developed titles such as The Portopia Serial Murder Case, the Sound Novel series (consisting of Otogirisō, Kamaitachi no Yoru, Machi and 428: Shibuya Scramble) and the Zero Escape series as Chunsoft. Spike developed Danganronpa before the merger.
Alvin and Judith Neelley
Alvin Howard Neelley Jr. (July 15, 1953 – October 21, 2005) and Judith Ann Adams Neelley (born June 7, 1964) are an American married couple who committed the kidnappings and torture murders of Lisa Ann Millican and Janice Kay Chatman; they also attempted a third abduction. Judith was sentenced to death in 1983, but her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1999. She served her sentence at the Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women in Wetumpka, Alabama. Alvin was serving a life sentence at the Bostick State Prison in Hardwick, Georgia at the time of his death in 2005.

Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women
The Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women is a prison for women of the Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC), located in Wetumpka, Alabama named after prison reform activist Julia Tutwiler. All female inmates entering ADOC are sent to the receiving unit in Tutwiler. Tutwiler houses Alabama's female death row, which qualifies it for the "maximum security" classification.
Incarceration in California
Incarceration in California spans federal, state, county, and city governance, with approximately 200,000 people in confinement at any given time. An additional 55,000 people are on parole.

The main government agencies and incarceration facilities involved in each jurisdiction are:

Federal: federal prisons run by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and immigrant detention centers run by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

State: state prisons, fire camps, and juvenile justice facilities, as well as a variety of community housing programs, all run by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR)

County: county jails, usually run by county sheriffs and sometimes run by a county-level department of corrections

City: city jails run by the city police department

Most people incarcerated in county and city jails are in pre-trial detention and have therefore not been convicted of a crime.

California Conservation Camp Program
The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) runs 44 conservation camps (also called fire camps) jointly with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) and the Los Angeles County Fire Department. The mission of the Conservation Camp program is to "support state, local and federal government agencies as they respond to emergencies such as fires, floods, and other natural or manmade disasters." Over 3,000 incarcerated people work at the conservation camps each year, including men, women, and juveniles, all of whom have volunteered for the program. All volunteers receive the same entry-level training as CAL FIRE's seasonal firefighters.

CAL FIRE reported 3,500 incarcerated firefighters in its 2018–19 staffing numbers, making incarcerated firefighters approximately 27% of the total firefighting capacity of the state.
Trinity Valley School
Trinity Valley School (TVS) is a PK-12, co-ed, independent school in Fort Worth, Texas. Trinity Valley School is a member of the Southwest Preparatory Conference and is accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest (ISAS).

Independent Schools Association of the Southwest
The Independent Schools Association of the Southwest (ISAS) is a nonprofit association of 89 independent schools located in the U.S. states of Arizona, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. ISAS is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) Commission on Accreditation.
Lord of Tears
Lord of Tears, also known as The Owlman, is a 2013 Scottish low-budget horror film directed by Lawrie Brewster and was his horror film directorial debut. The film first released on 25 October 2013 in Whitby at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival, where it won two awards. The film follows a Scottish schoolteacher who begins to see visions of the Owl Man, a strange figure that he was obsessed with as a child. The film was followed by The Unkindness of Ravens and The Black Gloves, both directed by Lawrie Brewster.

Owlman
In Cornish folklore, the Owlman (Cornish: Kowanden), sometimes referred to as the Cornish Owlman or the Owlman of Mawnan, is an owl-like humanoid creature said to have been seen in 1976 in the village of Mawnan, Cornwall, UK. Reported sightings of it flying above the church tower have led some to believe the creature may have been a barn owl, a species that commonly nests in such places.