hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Darrin Ramshaw
Darrin Joseph Ramshaw (born 29 November 1965) is a former Australian cricketer who played at domestic level for Western Australia and Victoria during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The son of Graham Ramshaw, Ramshaw was a talented junior sportsman, playing Australian rules football for the Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and representing the Australian under-19 cricket team. He made his Sheffield Shield debut for Western Australia during the 1989–90 season, but moved to Victoria the following season, where he established himself as an opening batsman. Later moving to the middle order, in the absence of Dean Jones Ramshaw captained Victoria in several matches during the 1993–94 season, but that season was his last at state level. He later served as assistant coach of Tasmania and coach of Western Australia's under-19 team.

Graham Ramshaw
Graham Joseph Ramshaw (7 August 1945 – 15 September 2006) was a leading Australian rules footballer, playing for Perth Football Club in the Western Australian Football League (WAFL), Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Central District in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).
Amanullah loyalism
Amanullah loyalism was a series of early 20th century movements in the Kingdom of Afghanistan to restore Amanullah Khan as king of Afghanistan after he was deposed in January 1929 during the Afghan Civil War. Loyalists were sometimes referred to as Amanite. Loyalists tried to achieve this in various ways, including armed rebellions, political parties, colluding with foreign powers and assassinations. These movements petered out by the late 1940s. Amanullah died in exile in 1960 in Zürich, Switzerland, without ever regaining control, except a brief period of control in southern Afghanistan in the 1929 Afghan Civil War.

Amanullah Khan
Ghazi Amanullah Khan Barakzai (1 June 1892 – 26 April 1960) was Emir of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1926, and then King of Afghanistan from 1926 until his abdication in 1929. After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War in August 1919, Afghanistan was able to relinquish its protected state status to proclaim independence and pursue an independent foreign policy free from the influence of the United Kingdom.

His rule was marked by dramatic political and social change, including attempts to modernize Afghanistan along Western lines. He did not fully succeed in achieving this objective due to an uprising by Habibullah Kalakani and his followers. On 14 January 1929, Amanullah abdicated and fled to neighbouring British India as the Afghan Civil War began to escalate. From British India, he went to Europe, where after 30 years in exile, he died in Zürich, Switzerland on 26 April 1960. His body was brought to Afghanistan and buried in Jalalabad near his father Habibullah Khan's tomb.
Ependyma
The ependyma is the thin neuroepithelial (simple columnar ciliated epithelium) lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. The ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS). It is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and is shown to serve as a reservoir for neuroregeneration.

Ventricular system
In neuroanatomy, the ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities known as cerebral ventricles in the brain. Within each ventricle is a region of choroid plexus which produces the circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord from the fourth ventricle, allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate.

All of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord are lined with ependyma, a specialised form of epithelium connected by tight junctions that make up the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.

Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics that maintain their properties even if the underlying distributional assumptions are incorrect. Robust statistical methods have been developed for many common problems, such as estimating location, scale, and regression parameters. One motivation is to produce statistical methods that are not unduly affected by outliers. Another motivation is to provide methods with good performance when there are small departures from a parametric distribution. For example, robust methods work well for mixtures of two normal distributions with different standard deviations; under this model, non-robust methods like a t-test work poorly.
Edwin P. Parker Jr.
Edwin Pearson Parker Jr.  (July 27, 1891 – June 7, 1983) was a senior officer in the United States Army. Parker commanded the 78th Infantry Division during the Ardennes-Alsace, Rhineland, and Central Europe, campaigns of World War II.  Under his command, the division, nicknamed "Lightning", helped secure the Ludendorff Bridge during the Battle of Remagen.

Following the war, Parker commanded XXIII Corps during the occupation duties in Germany and completed his career as U.S. Army Provost Marshal General from 1948 to 1953.

United States Army Provost Marshal General
The provost (pronounced "provo") marshal general is a United States Army staff position that handles investigations of U.S. Army personnel.  It is the highest-ranking provost marshal position in the U.S. Army, reporting to the Chief of Staff of the United States Army.  The position brings all aspects of law enforcement in the U.S. Army in a single office.

The role has been used off and on since 1776 (usually in periods of war time).  After being discontinued in 1974 at the end of the Vietnam War, it was resurrected on January 30, 2003, following the September 11 attacks.

It is responsible for:

United States Army Military Police Corps (USAMPC) (since 2003)

United States Army Corrections Command (ACC) (since 2007)

Prior to its most recent organization, the responsibilities of this position were scattered across various army units.
Revaya
Revaya (Hebrew: רְוָיָה) is a moshav in the Beit She'an Valley in northern Israel. Located about six kilometres south of Beit She'an, near Sde Trumot and west of Israel Highway 90, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 459.

The moshav is one of four settlements established as a group: Revaya, Sde Trumot, Tel Teomim, and Rehov.

Sdei Trumot
Sdei Trumot (Hebrew: שדי תרומות) is a moshav in northern Israel. Located in the Beit She'an Valley about 7 km (4 mi) south of Beit She'an, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 494.

The moshav is one of four moshavim in the "Bikurah" bloc.  The others are Revaya, Rehov, and Tel Teomim, which are l located nearby.
Antilegomena
Antilegomena (from Greek ἀντιλεγόμενα) are written texts whose authenticity or value is disputed. Eusebius in his Church History (c. 325) used the term for those Christian scriptures that were "disputed", literally "spoken against", in Early Christianity before the closure of the New Testament canon.

The antilegomena were widely read in the Early Church and included the Epistle of James, the Epistle of Jude, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, the Book of Revelation, the Gospel of the Hebrews, the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Apocalypse of Peter, the Acts of Paul, the Shepherd of Hermas, the Epistle of Barnabas and the Didache. There was disagreement in the Early Church on whether or not the respective texts deserved canonical status.

Development of the New Testament canon
The canon of the New Testament is the set of books many modern Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible. For most churches, the canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books that includes the canonical Gospels, Acts, letters attributed to various apostles, and Revelation.

Initially the canon was a list of the books suited to be read out in church liturgies and used to justify doctrine. The lists initially differed among the geographically-separated churches in antiquity, according to ancient church historian Eusebius. There is a consensus that the 27 books constituting the canon today are the same 27 books generally recognized in the first centuries.
Peter Taylor (mayor)
Peter Colin Taylor (born April 1980) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who is the second Mayor of Watford. He was elected in the 2018 election, succeeding Dorothy Thornhill. He was re-elected as mayor in 2022. Taylor has also served as the Hertfordshire County Councillor for Central Watford and Oxhey since May 2025. He was a Watford Borough Councillor for Oxhey ward from 2012 to 2018, when he was elected Mayor.

Dorothy Thornhill, Baroness Thornhill
Dorothy Thornhill, Baroness Thornhill, MBE (born 26 May 1955) was the first directly elected mayor of Watford, Hertfordshire, England. She was the Liberal Democrats' first directly elected mayor, and was also the first female directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom. She served as Mayor of Watford from May 2002 until May 2018. She was nominated for a life peerage in August 2015.
Venu Nagavally
Venu Nagavally (16 April 1949 – 10 September 2010) was an Indian actor, screenwriter and director best known for his work in Malayalam film industry. The son of writer, commentator, and broadcaster Nagavally R. S. Kurup,  Venu Nagavally made his film debut with Ulkkadal, where he played the role of an idealistic lover. He was considered a handsome lead in his early career, often appearing as a romantic youth. His soft demeanor also made him well-suited for melancholic characters. Later in his career, he shifted to supporting roles. Having acted in over 50 films, he went on to direct 12 films, the majority of  which were critically and commercially successful, including Sukhamo Devi (1986), Sarvakalashala (1987), Lal Salam (1990), and Aye Auto (1990), Aayirappara (1993). Venu Nagavally died at Thiruvananthapuram on 9 September 2010.

Nagavally R. S. Kurup
Nagavally Rama Kurup Sreedhara Kurup, popularly known as Nagavally (1917 – 27 December 2003), was an Indian writer, commentator and broadcaster best known for his works in the All India Radio. He was the father of the Malayalam actor and director Venu Nagavally. He authored over 50 literary works including plays and around 20 film scripts. He penned the script for the Malayalam film Newspaper Boy which is regarded as the first neo-realist movie in Malayalam.

He was honoured by the Kerala Sahithya Akademi for his overall contributions to Malayalam literature. The Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi also honoured him with Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award in 1993.
Sierra Madre crow
The Sierra Madre crow (Corvus sierramadrensis) is a passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae that is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the Samar crow with the combined taxa known as the small crow.  Its natural habitats are primary tropical moist lowland forest. It is now extremely rare and likely endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.

Samar crow
The Samar crow (Corvus samarensis), formerly known as the small crow, is a passerine bird in the genus Corvus of the family Corvidae. It is endemic to the islands of Samar and Mindanao in the Philippines. However, it has not been recorded in Mindanao since the 1980s. Its natural habitats are primary tropical moist lowland forest. It is now extremely rare and likely endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
Constant-mean-curvature surface
In differential geometry, constant-mean-curvature (CMC) surfaces are surfaces with constant mean curvature. This includes minimal surfaces as a subset, but typically they are treated as special case.

Note that these surfaces are generally different from constant Gaussian curvature surfaces, with the important exception of the sphere.

Minimal surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas (for example, see minimal surface of revolution): the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.
Arkansas Highway 328
Highway 328 (AR 328, Ark. 328, and Hwy. 328) is a designation of two east–west state highway in Northeast Arkansas, United States. One route begins at Highway 251 and runs east 18.37 miles (29.56 km) to US 62/US 67 in Reyno. A second highway begins at Highway 211 in Success and runs 7.81 miles (12.57 km) to US 67. The first segment was created in 1965, with the Clay County route forming in 1973. The route is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). A small portion of the route is designated as an Arkansas Heritage Trail for its use as the Trail of Tears during the Indian Removal.

Arkansas Highway 211
Arkansas Highway 211 (AR 211 and Hwy. 211) is a north–south state highway in Clay County, Arkansas. The route of 9.68 miles (15.58 km) runs from US 62/US 67 (Future I-57) near Datto north through Success to the Missouri state line.
River: The Joni Letters
River: The Joni Letters is the fortieth studio album by American jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, released on September 25, 2007, by Verve. It is a tribute album featuring cover songs of music written by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell.

The album peaked at number five on the US Billboard 200, enjoying a huge post-Grammy winning sales boost. Upon its release, River: The Joni Letters received generally positive reviews from critics and earned several accolades, including Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Contemporary Jazz Album at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards. Hancock's quintet for the album are saxophonist Wayne Shorter, guitarist Lionel Loueke, bassist Dave Holland and drummer Vinnie Colaiuta.

Grammy Award for Album of the Year
The Grammy Award for Album of the Year is an award presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales, chart position, or critical reception." Album of the Year is the most prestigious category at the Grammy Awards and is one of the general field categories that have been presented annually since the 1st Annual Grammy Awards in 1959 alongside Best New Artist, Record of the Year, and Song of the Year.
Battle of Archesh
The Battle of Archesh or Battle of Van Lake was a battle between the Byzantine and Sasanian armies during the Byzantine-Sasanian War of 602-628. The battle was the final event of Heraclius Caucasus campaign, after which the Byzantine army went on the offensive deep into the territory of the Sasanian Empire.

Heraclius Caucasus campaign
Heraclius' Caucasus campaign was an invasion of the Byzantine army into the Caucasus, which belonged to the Sassanids at that time, took place in the period from 624 to 625; as a result, the Romans captured the Transcaucasia.
Illinois Route 47
Illinois Route 47 (IL 47) is a 169.76-mile-long (273.20 km) largely rural north–south state highway that runs from the Wisconsin state border at Highway 120 near Hebron, to IL 10, just south of Interstate 72 (I-72) near Seymour. IL 47 is in primarily rural areas but in several suburbs of Chicago, such as Woodstock and Huntley, traffic can be heavily congested.

IL 47 crosses most interstate highways in northern and central Illinois, but the largest towns that it serves are Woodstock (at US 14), Huntley (at I-90), Lily Lake at (IL 64), Elburn (at IL 38), Sugar Grove (at US 30), Yorkville (at US 34), Morris (at I-80), Dwight (at I-55), Forrest (at US 24), Gibson City (at IL 54), and Mahomet (at I-74).

Interstate 80 in Illinois
Interstate 80 (I-80) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey. I-80 enters Illinois from Iowa in the west, southwest of Rapids City, and runs generally eastward through East Moline, LaSalle, and Joliet, before entering Indiana in Lansing. The Interstate runs for approximately 163.52 miles (263.16 km) through the state.

In the 1920s, two state highways followed the general alignment that I-80 takes. In 1932, US Route 6 (US 6) was extended through Illinois, paralleling the alignment that I-80 in Illinois takes today. Construction started in 1957, and I-80 was completed in 1968. In the early 1990s, Illinois wanted to reroute I-80 in the Quad Cities area. At the same time, the section of I-80 that is concurrent with I-294 was reconstructed. The portion of I-80 that is concurrent with the Kingery Expressway was rebuilt in the mid-2000s.
Somerset Senior Vase
The Somerset Senior Vase is an annual rugby union knock-out club competition organized by the Somerset Rugby Football Union.  It was first introduced during the 2005-06 season, with the inaugural winners being St Bernadette's.  It is the second most important rugby union cup competition in Somerset, behind the Senior Cup.

The Senior Vase is currently open to club sides based in Somerset and parts of Bristol that are outside of the top 16 teams in the county, typically playing in tier 7 (Counties 1), tier 8 (Counties 2) and tier 9 (Somerset 1) of the English rugby union league system.  While the Somerset leagues have 1st and 2nd XV taking part in league games, like the Somerset Senior Cup, the Vase only allows 1st teams to enter.  The format is a knockout cup with a quarter-finals, semi-finals and a final to be held at a neutral venue between March–May.

Somerset Rugby Football Union
The Somerset County Rugby Football Union (SCRFU) is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in the county of Somerset in England. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Somerset. The SCRFU administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the Somerset including the county rugby representative teams.
Yo Soy 132
Yo Soy 132, commonly stylized as #YoSoy132, was a protest movement composed of Mexican university students from both private and public universities, residents of Mexico, claiming supporters from about 50 cities around the world.  It began as opposition to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Enrique Peña Nieto and the Mexican media's allegedly biased coverage of the 2012 general election. The name Yo Soy 132, Spanish for "I Am 132", originated in an expression of solidarity with the original 131 protest's initiators. The phrase drew inspiration from the Occupy movement and the Spanish 15-M movement. The protest movement was known worldwide as the "Mexican spring" (an allusion to the Arab Spring) after claims made by its first spokespersons, and called the "Mexican occupy movement" in the international press.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Pyrenean Sheepdog
The Pyrenean Sheepdog, the Chien de Berger des Pyrénées in French, is a small to medium-sized breed of herding dog from the Pyrenees Mountains region of France. It is found herding flocks of sheep throughout the Pyrenees alongside the much larger Pyrenean Mountain Dog which is kept as a flock guardian.

The Pyrenean Sheepdog is found in three coat types, the long-haired and goat-haired (together called the Chien de Berger des Pyrénées À Poil Long) as well as the smooth-faced (called the Chien de Berger des Pyrénées À Face Rase); the latter is recognised as a separate breed from the former two by the Société Centrale Canine.

Pyrenean Mountain Dog
The Pyrenean Mountain Dog or Chien de Montagne des Pyrénées is a French breed of livestock guardian dog; in France it is commonly called the Patou. It originates from the eastern or French side of the Pyrenees Mountains that separate France and Spain and is recognised as a separate breed from the Mastín del Pirineo or Pyrenean Mastiff from the Spanish side of the mountains, to which it is closely related.

The Patou is widely used throughout France as a livestock guardian, particularly in the French Alps and the Pyrenees, protecting flocks from predation by wolves and bears. It is known as the Great Pyrenees in the United States, where it is also used to protect flocks from various predators.
SC Verdun
Sport Club Verdun (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: Sport Klubi Verdun, also in the São Vicente Crioulo: Sport Klube Verdun) is an association football club that plays in the Sal Island League in Cape Verde. The team is based in the village of Pedra de Lume in the east of the island of Sal, though they play in Espargos' stadium, the home field which is made up of dirt is rarely used for practices. Its current chairman is Alcindo Conceição Silva and its current manager is Domingo Gomes who replaced Djulhiano Santos which he now manages Juventude.

Sal Premier Division
The Sal Premier Division is a regional championship played in Sal Island, Cape Verde. The winner of the championship plays in Cape Verdean football Championships of each season.  The competition are organized by the Sal Regional Football Association (Associação Regional de Futebol de Sal, ARFS). The Premier Divisions contains eight clubs.  In title history, Académico do Aeroporto has the most titles numbering 14, and is ranked fifth in the most championship titles of any of the island leagues in Cape Verde.  The champion promotes into the Cape Verdean Football Championships each season while the last placed club relegates into the second division the following season.