hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Highway 709B (India)
National Highway 709B is a National Highway in India. The highway originates from Akshardham in Delhi. It is a spur road of National Highway 9. NH-709B traverses the states of Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, passing through various towns and cities in Western Uttar Pradesh such as Baghpat, Baraut, Ailum, Shamli, Thanabhawan, Rampur Maniharan, Saharanpur, and Behat. Shamli acts as a major junction as two other major highways of the area (709A) and (709AD) intersect with (709B) at Shamli.

National Highway 709A (India)
National Highway 709A, commonly called NH 709A is a national highway in  India. It is a greenfield spur road of NH-709. NH-709A traverses the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. Karnal to Meerut section has been upgraded from 4 lanes to 6 lanes by Public Works Department, Haryana.
Kyrgyz in Pakistan
The Kyrgyz in Pakistan number around 6,000, most of whom reside in the far north of the country, specifically in the Broghil Valley of Chitral and Gojal in Gilgit-Baltistan. Kyrgyz is the only Turkic language native to Pakistan. The Kyrgyz in Pakistan speak the Pamiri Kyrgyz dialect, also known as Black Kyrgyz (قاره قیرغیزcode: kir promoted to code: ky ). Historically, they have been a dominant group in the Gojal Valley of Gilgit-Baltistan.

Pakistan's Broghil Pass, located between Chitral and the Wakhan Corridor, has been an important route for the Kyrgyz people. Some Kyrgyz in Pakistan trace their origins to Uzgen in western Kyrgyzstan. Additionally, many who had previously settled in the Little Pamir valley of the Wakhan Corridor in Afghanistan fled to Pakistan following the Saur Revolution in 1978, leaving behind much of their wealth and livestock.

Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
Proto-Algic language
Proto-Algic (sometimes abbreviated PAc) is the proto-language from which the Algic languages (Wiyot language, Yurok language, and Proto-Algonquian) are descended. It is estimated to have been spoken about 7,000 years ago somewhere in the American Northwest, possibly around the Columbia Plateau. It is an example of a second-level proto-language (a proto-language whose reconstruction depends on data from another proto-language, namely its descendant language Proto-Algonquian) which is widely agreed to have existed. Its main researcher was Paul Proulx.

Proto-Algonquian language
Proto-Algonquian (commonly abbreviated PA) is the proto-language from which the various Algonquian languages are descended. It is generally estimated to have been spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago, but there is less agreement on where it was spoken. The Algonquian family, which is a branch of the larger Algic language family, is usually divided into three subgroups: Eastern Algonquian, which is a genetic subgroup spoken in and around New England and the Chesapeake Bay; Central Algonquian, spoken around the Great Lakes in both the United States and Canada; and Plains Algonquian, spoken in the Great Plains of both the United States and Canada. Both Central and Plains Algonquian languages are areal groupings. In the historical linguistics of North America, Proto-Algonquian is one of the best studied and most thoroughly reconstructed proto-languages. It is descended from Proto-Algic.
Tootsie Pop
A Tootsie Pop (also called a Tootsie Roll Pop, and known in Latin America as a Tutsi Chupa Pop) is a hard candy lollipop filled with a chocolate-flavored chewy Tootsie Roll candy. They were invented in 1931 by an employee of The Sweets Company of America. Tootsie Rolls had themselves been invented in 1896 by Leo Hirschfield. The company changed its name to Tootsie Roll Industries in 1969.
The candy made its debut in 1931 and since then various flavors have been introduced. The idea came to be when a man who worked at The Sweets Company of America licked his daughter's lollipop at the same time he was chewing his Tootsie Roll. He loved the idea and pitched it to everyone at the next snack ideas meeting.

In 2002, 60 million Tootsie Rolls and 20 million Tootsie Pops were produced every day.

Tootsie Roll
Tootsie Roll (/ˈtʊtsi/) is a chocolate taffy candy that has been manufactured in the United States since 1907. The candy has qualities similar to both caramels and taffy without being exactly either confection. The manufacturer, Tootsie Roll Industries, is based in Chicago, Illinois. It was the first penny candy to be individually wrapped in America.

Tootsie Roll Industries (name adopted in 1966) is one of the largest candy manufacturers in the world. Over 65 million Tootsie Rolls are made daily. According to the company website, the original recipe calls for the inclusion of the previous day's batch, "a graining process that Tootsie continues to this day."
Kingdom of Denkyira
Denkyira (also known as Denkira, Denchira, or Dinkira) was an Akan kingdom that rose to prominence in precolonial Ghana, dominating large parts of the forest zone in the south-central Gold Coast. Centered around its capital at Abankeseso, Denkyira emerged as a leading gold-producing polity and a military power, particularly during the 17th century. At its height it reduced neighboring states such as Adanse, Sefwi, Kingdom of Aowin, Wassa, Kingdom of Assin, Kingdom of Twifo, and pre-Asante states to tributaries, and played a critical role in shaping regional trade and warfare.

In 1701, Denkyira was defeated by the Asante Empire and became a vassal. After a failed rebellion in 1824, the Denkyirahene and his people escaped south of the Ofin River, and maintain a non-sovereign monarchy based in Dunkwa to the present day.

Kingdom of Assin
Assin or Asen, was an Akan kingdom in what is now central Ghana. It rose during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as the heart of the inland Akani mercantile organization, controlling major caravan routes between the Gold Coast ports and the auriferous regions in the Pra and Ofin basins. It was known to Europeans as "Acanes Pequenos", "Acanes Petite", "Little Akani," before its conquest by Denkyira in 1698.
Milton Keynes North
Milton Keynes North is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since the 2024 general election by Chris Curtis for the Labour Party.

With effect from the 2024 general election, Milton Keynes has three constituencies: one of these is called Milton Keynes North but its boundaries were changed significantly since the 2019 election, in particularly losing Central Milton Keynes to a new constituency (Milton Keynes Central) and gaining Stony Stratford from the (abolished) Milton Keynes South).

Milton Keynes South
Milton Keynes South was a constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 2010 until 2024. It was represented in Parliament from its creation until its abolition by Iain Stewart of the Conservative Party.

In its 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the Boundary Commission proposed to abolish this constituency. Its area was divided three ways for the 2024 general election, with the majority forming the new constituency of Milton Keynes Central, and smaller portions becoming parts of Milton Keynes North and Buckingham and Bletchley.
Henriette of France
Henriette of France (Anne Henriette; 14 August 1727 – 10 February 1752) was a French princess, a fille de France. She was the second child of King Louis XV and Queen Marie Leszczyńska, and the twin of Louise Élisabeth of France. She was also considered the favorite daughter of the royal couple and was known for her sweet and gentle personality.

Louise-Élisabeth of France
Louise-Élisabeth of France (Marie Louise-Élisabeth; 14 August 1727 – 6 December 1759) was a French princess, a fille de France. She was the eldest daughter of King Louis XV and Queen Maria Leszczyńska, and the twin sister of Henriette of France, and she was the only one of his legitimate daughters who married. She married Infante Philip of Spain, who inherited the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza through his mother in 1748. Infante Philip was her father's first cousin; both men were grandsons of Louis, Grand Dauphin. Thereafter, Élisabeth and her husband founded the House of Bourbon-Parma. She functioned as the de facto ruler of the Duchy of Parma between 1748 and 1759.
X-Patent
The X-Patents are all the patents issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office from July 1790 (when the first U.S. patent was issued), to July 1836. The actual number is unknown, but the best estimate is 9,957. The records were burned in a fire, in December 1836, while in temporary storage. No copies or rosters were maintained by the government at the time, leaving only the inventors' copies to reconstruct the collection.

1836 U.S. Patent Office fire
The 1836 U.S. Patent Office fire was the first of two major fires the U.S. Patent Office has had in its history. It occurred in Blodget's Hotel building, Washington on December 15, 1836. An initial investigation considered the possibility of arson due to suspected corruption in the Post Office, which shared the same building, but it was later ruled out. The cause was ultimately determined to be accidental. The fire is considered to be a unique point in the historical events of the Patent Office that caused policy changes.

Local fire suppression efforts were incapable of preventing the damage due to lack of fire personnel and proper equipment. Many patent documents and models from the preceding three decades were irretrievably lost. As a result of the fire, Congress and the newly legally revamped Patent Office changed the way it handled its record keeping, assigning numbers to patents and requiring multiple copies of supporting documentation.
World Grand Prix (snooker)
The World Grand Prix is a professional ranking snooker tournament comprising the top 32 players on the one-year ranking list. After the inaugural 2015 edition was staged as a non-ranking event, the tournament became a ranking tournament the following year; the first two editions were staged at the Venue Cymru in Llandudno, Wales. In 2019, the World Grand Prix became one of three tournaments in the Players Series, together with the Players Championship and the Tour Championship. Held at various venues in England between 2017 and 2024, the tournament moved to Hong Kong in 2025, the first time it was staged outside the United Kingdom.

Ronnie O'Sullivan and Judd Trump are the most successful players in the event's history, each having won the title three times. The highest break in the tournament's history is a 146 by Trump at the 2025 event. The reigning champion is Zhao Xintong.

Players Series
The Players Series is a ranking bonus competition for players who have earned the most money in professional snooker tournaments within the season, first established in 2019. Unlike traditional ranking events, qualification is based on results from the single-season list, rather than by world rankings.

The series includes the pre-existing World Grand Prix and Players Championship with the addition of the Tour Championship.The number of competitors for each event decreases, with 32 players participating in the Grand Prix, 16 in the Players and 12 in the Tour Championship.
Departments of the Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo is divided into 15 departments since the adoption of the corresponding laws in October 2024. These departments replaced former regions (régions, singular région) in 2002:

According to the laws published in October 2024 and the cartographic coordinates, the new regions are:

Congo-Oubangui. Formed by the districts of Bokoma, Liranga (formerly in Likouala), Loukoléla District and Mossaka.

Nkéni-Alima. Formed by the districts of Makotimpoko District, Ongogni District, Gamboma, Abala and Allembé District.

Djoué-Léfini. Formed by the districts of Ngabé, Mayama, Vindza, Kimba and Ignié.

These regions are subdivided into more than 100 districts and 16 communes; which are further subdivided into urban communities (communautés urbaines) and rural communities (communautés rurales); which are further subdivided into quarters or neighborhoods (quartiers) and villages.

Districts of the Republic of the Congo
The Departments of the Republic of the Congo are divided into 86 districts and 6 communes; which are further subdivided into urban communities (communautés urbaines) and rural communities (communautés rurales); which are further subdivided into quarters or neighborhoods (quartiers) and villages. Note the departments of Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire are made of 1 commune each, then divided in urban districts (arrondissements).

The districts are listed below, by department:
Giacomo Facco
Giacomo Facco (4 February 1676 – 16 February 1753) was an Italian Baroque violinist, conductor and composer. One of the most famous Italian composers of his day, he was completely forgotten until 1962, when his work was discovered by composer, conductor, and musicologist Uberto Zanolli.

Uberto Zanolli
Uberto Zanolli Balugani (1917–1994) was an Italo-Mexican composer, conductor, writer, and musicologist. An engineer official for the Italian army during World War II, he was a prisoner in Nazi concentration camps for two years.
Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable
Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable is a variety of electrical cable made from copper conductors inside a copper sheath, insulated by inorganic magnesium oxide powder. The name is often abbreviated to MICC or MI cable, and colloquially known as pyro (because the original manufacturer and vendor for this product in the UK was a company called Pyrotenax). A similar product sheathed with metals other than copper is called mineral-insulated metal-sheathed (MIMS) cable.

Copper conductor
Copper has been used in electrical wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s. The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor.

Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, electric power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts.  Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors.
Gulu District
Gulu is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. The regional headquarters are located in the city of Gulu, which is also the administrative capital of Northern Uganda. the district consists of two main divisions, Gulu West and Gulu East.

Gulu
Gulu is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda and is the commercial and administrative centre of Gulu District.

The coordinates of the city of Gulu are 2°46'54.0"N 32°17'57.0"E. The city id Kampala is 333 kilometres (207 mi) from Kampala by road. Gulu is served by Gulu Airport.
Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police (PNP; Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas) is the national police force of the Philippines. Its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. Currently, it has approximately 228,000 personnel to police a population in excess of 100 million.

The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by city or municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.

The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.

National Police Commission (Philippines)
The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyon ng Pulisya) is an agency attached to the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) responsible for the administrative control and operational supervision of the Philippine National Police (PNP). It has the authority to conduct police entrance examinations, investigate complaints against police anomalies and irregularities, and summarily dismiss erring police officers.
Belgian Division 3
The Belgian Division 3, commonly referred to as simply Derde Afdeling (in Dutch) or Division 3 (in French) is the fifth-highest division in the Belgian football league system, one level below the Belgian Division 2. It was created by the Royal Belgian Football Association in 2016 as a new layer at the fifth level of the league system, at that time named Belgian Third Amateur Division. From the 2020–21 season on it was renamed to Belgian Division 3, due to the negative connotation of the word amateur. The division consists of four separate leagues with 16 teams each, two of these leagues consist of teams playing with a license from the Voetbalfederatie Vlaanderen (VFV, the Dutch-speaking wing of the RBFA) and two with teams with a license from the Association des Clubs Francophones de Football (ACFF, the French-speaking wing of the RBFA).

Belgian Division 2
The Belgian Division 2, commonly referred to as simply Tweede Afdeling (in Dutch) or Division 2 (in French) is the fourth-highest division in the Belgian football league system, one level below the Belgian National Division 1. It was created by the Royal Belgian Football Association in 2016, replacing the Belgian Third Division and named Belgian Second Amateur Division until the 2019–20 before it was renamed due to the negative connotation of the word amateur. The division consists of three separate leagues with 16 teams each. Two of these leagues consist of teams playing with a license from the Voetbalfederatie Vlaanderen (VV, the Dutch speaking wing of the RBFA) and one with teams with a license from the Association des Clubs Francophones de Football (ACFF, the French-speaking wing of the RBFA).
Blood and Sand (1941 film)
Blood and Sand is a 1941 American  Technicolor film drama starring Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Rita Hayworth and Nazimova. Directed by Rouben Mamoulian, it was produced by 20th Century Fox and was based on the 1908 Spanish novel Blood and Sand (Sangre y arena) by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. The supporting cast features Anthony Quinn, Lynn Bari, Laird Cregar, J. Carrol Naish, John Carradine and George Reeves. Rita Hayworth's singing voice was dubbed by Gracilla Pirraga.

Other versions of Blood and Sand include a 1922 version produced by Paramount Pictures and starring Rudolph Valentino, a 1916 version filmed by Blasco Ibanez with the help of Max André, and a 1989 version starring Christopher Rydell and Sharon Stone.

Blood and Sand was the fourth and last film in which Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell worked together. The others were Day-Time Wife (1939), Brigham Young (1940) and The Mark of Zorro (1940).

Blood and Sand (1922 film)
Blood and Sand is a 1922 American silent drama film produced by Paramount Pictures, directed by Fred Niblo and starring Rudolph Valentino, Lila Lee, and Nita Naldi. It was based on the 1908 Spanish novel Blood and Sand (Sangre y arena) by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez and the play Blood and Sand by Thomas Cushing which was adapted from Ibáñez's novel.
Emanuel Weiss
Emanuel "Mendy" Weiss (June 11, 1906 – March 4, 1944) was an American organized crime figure. He was an associate of the notorious Louis Buchalter and part of Buchalter's criminal organization known as Murder, Inc. during the 1930s and up to the time of his arrest for murder in 1941, for which he was convicted and, in 1944, executed. The Federal Bureau of Narcotics claimed that Weiss and his partner in crime Philip "Little Farvel" Cohen were heavily involved in narcotics trafficking. Although he was indicted on multiple drug charges, Weiss was never sentenced for any of these crimes.

Lepke Buchalter
Louis Buchalter, known as Louis Lepke or Lepke Buchalter (February 6, 1897 – March 4, 1944), was a Jewish-American organized crime figure and head of the Mafia hit squad Murder, Inc., during the 1930s. Buchalter was one of the premier labor union racketeers in New York City during that era.

Charles Birger, Dominic Benigno, and Buchalter are the only National Crime Syndicate bosses to be executed after being convicted of murder. Buchalter was executed using the infamous "Old Sparky" electric chair after being sent "up the river" to Sing Sing Correctional Facility.
Before and After (Star Trek: Voyager)
"Before and After" is the 63rd episode of the science-fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager, and the 21st episode of the third season. It foreshadows events seen in a later episode, "Year of Hell". The episode debuted on UPN on April 9, 1997. This episode is focused on the alien and crew member Kes, played by actress Jennifer Lien, in a plot involving a complicated time travel paradox with the USS Voyager.

Year of Hell
"Year of Hell" is a two-part episode from the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager which aired on UPN in November 1997. It aired in two parts, on November 5 and November 12, 1997. Part I was directed by Allan Kroeker and Part II by Mike Vejar; it was written by Brannon Braga and Joe Menosky. This includes a number of guest stars, including Kurtwood Smith.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS Voyager after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation. In this episode, Voyager is subjected to several changes in their timeline as an alien ship commander attempts to re-sequence history to his liking.

The events in this episode were foreshadowed in the third season episode "Before and After".
Enumerative definition
An enumerative definition of a concept or term is a special type of extensional definition that gives an explicit and exhaustive listing of all the objects that fall under the concept or term in question.  Enumerative definitions are only possible for finite sets and only practical for relatively small sets.

Extensional and intensional definitions
In logic, extensional and intensional definitions are two key ways in which the objects, concepts, or referents a term refers to can be defined. They give meaning or denotation to a term.
An intensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for when the term should be used. 
An extensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying every object that falls under the definition of the term in question.

For example, in set theory one would extensionally define the set of square numbers as {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, }, while an intensional definition of the set of the square numbers could be { is the square of an integer}.