hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arceuthobium californicum
Arceuthobium californicum is a species of dwarf mistletoe commonly known as sugar pine dwarf mistletoe. It is a small shrub endemic to California that parasitizes the sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana). Although detrimental to the health of its host, it is ecologically important as a food source for wildlife and because the witch's brooms that it sometimes induces on host trees provide valuable habitat for birds and small rodents.

Arceuthobium monticola
Arceuthobium monticola is a species of dwarf mistletoe known as western white pine dwarf mistletoe. It is a small shrub that grows on and parasitizes a small number of conifer species, primarily western white pines (Pinus monticola). It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon, which has been identified as a major center of dwarf mistletoe biodiversity. This species impacts the ecology of coniferous forests significantly, negatively affecting the health of host trees but also creating valuable microhabitats for wildlife by inducing witch's brooms.
Lucy Rider Meyer
Lucy Jane Rider Meyer (September 9, 1849 – March 16, 1922) was an American social worker, educator, physician, and author who cofounded the Chicago Training School for City, Home, and Foreign Missions in Illinois. She is credited with reviving the office of the female deacon (or deaconess) in the U.S. Methodist Episcopal Church.

Chicago Training School for Home and Foreign Missions
Chicago Training School for Home and Foreign Missions was a training school in Chicago for missionaries associated with the Methodist Church. It was founded by Lucy Rider Meyer and her husband Josiah in 1885 and was described as "the largest training school of its kind in the country" and awarded the degree of Bachelor of Religious Service (BRS).

Norman Wait Harris, a Chicago bank executive, was president of the school's board of trustees and donated land and buildings to the school.

In 1930, the school was merged into the Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston, Illinois, which later became the Garrett–Evangelical Theological Seminary.
Chittoor district
Chittoor district (pronunciationⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It had a population of 18,72,951 at the 2011 census of India. It is a major market centre for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. The district headquarters is at Chittoor City. The major cities/towns in the district are Chittoor, Nagari, Palamaner, and Kuppam.

Rayalaseema
Rayalaseema (IAST: Rāyalasīma) (Telugu: రాయలసీమ) is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises four southern districts of the State, from prior to the districts reorganisation in 2022, namely Kurnool, Anantapur, Kadapa, and Chittoor. Four new districts were created from these, namely Sri Sathya Sai, Nandyal, Annamayya, and Tirupati. As of 2011 census of India, the western four districts (before the district realignment) of the region had a population of 15,184,908 and cover an area of 77,424 km2 (29,894 mi2).
Pittsgrove Township, New Jersey
Pittsgrove Township is a township in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 8,777, a decrease of 616 (−6.6%) from the 2010 census count of 9,393, which in turn reflected an increase of 500 (+5.6%) from the 8,893 counted in the 2000 census.

Pittsgrove Township was formed by Royal charter on December 6, 1769 and was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of the initial group of 104 townships established in New Jersey. Portions of the township were taken on March 4, 1822, to form Centreville Township (which was restored in 1829 when the township was dissolved), on March 10, 1846, to form Upper Pittsgrove Township and on January 28, 1893, to form Elmer borough. The township was named for William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, a supporter of the colonial cause.

Elmer, New Jersey
Elmer is a borough in Salem County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 1,347, a decrease of 48 (−3.4%) from the 2010 census count of 1,395, which in turn reflected an increase of 11 (+0.8%) from the 1,384 counted in the 2000 census. It is the home of the annual Appel Farm Arts and Music Festival, which celebrated its 23rd year in 2012.
Arthur A. Wilson
Arthur A. Wilson  is an Indian cinematographer. He predominantly works in Tamil and Telugu cinema. He is best known for his collaborations with directors Bala, K. S. Ravikumar, N. Lingusamy, Boyapati Srinu, and K. S. Ravindra.

He won the Tamil Nadu State Award twice for Best Cinematography, Cult Movies International Film Festival award, Oniros Film Awards and other international awards for Iravin Nizhal (2023).

Iravin Nizhal
Iravin Nizhal (transl. Shadow of the night) is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language independent thriller film written, produced, co-edited and directed by R. Parthiban under the banner Akira Productions and Bioscope Film Framers. The film stars Radhakrishnan Parthiban, Brigida Saga, Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, Robo Shankar, Sai Priyanka Ruth in the lead roles. The background score and music for the film is composed by A. R. Rahman and the film has six songs. It is touted to Indian cinema's first non-linear single shot film. The film entered the Asia Book of Records and India Book of Records for being the first Asian non-linear single-shot film. Released on July 15, 2022, the film received positive reviews from critics and audiences. At the 69th National Film Awards the film won the award for Best Female Playback Singer for Shreya Ghoshal for the song "Mayava Chayava".
California State Route 83
State Route 83 (SR 83), also or primarily known as Euclid Avenue, is a state highway and city street in the U.S. state of California. Though some maps and signs may mark SR 83 as continuous, control of the highway have been relinquished in piecemeal segments to local jurisdictions, with the goal of decommissioning SR 83 as a state highway. Since June 2024, SR 83 officially runs from the Chino Valley Freeway (State Route 71) at the Chino Hills–Chino border north to the Chino–Ontario border. Euclid Avenue then continues north through Upland to the unincorporated community of San Antonio Heights.

Euclid Avenue passes through several historic districts. The segment of the road between Philadelphia Street in Ontario and 24th Street in Upland is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Ontario, California
Ontario is a city in southwestern San Bernardino County, California, United States, 35 miles (56 km) east of downtown Los Angeles and 23 miles (37 km) west of downtown San Bernardino, the county seat. Located in the western part of the Inland Empire metropolitan area, it lies just east of Los Angeles County and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 175,265.

The city is home to Ontario International Airport, which is the 8th-busiest airport in the United States by cargo carried, as of 2026. Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country.

It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers, William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey. They named the settlement after their home province of Ontario, Canada's most populous province.
Barraquer–Simons syndrome
Barraquer–Simons syndrome is a rare form of lipodystrophy,
which usually first affects the head, and then spreads to the thorax. It is named for Luis Barraquer Roviralta (1855–1928), a Spanish physician, and Arthur Simons (1879–1942), a German physician. Some evidence links it to LMNB2.

Lipodystrophy
Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of genetic or acquired disorders in which the body is unable to produce and maintain healthy fat tissue. The medical condition is characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue. A more specific term, lipoatrophy (from Greek  lipo 'fat' and  atrophy 'abnormal or degenerative condition'), is used when describing the loss of fat from one area (usually the face). This condition is also characterized by a lack of circulating leptin which may lead to osteosclerosis. The absence of fat tissue is associated with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome.
Felicia Hemans
Felicia Dorothea Hemans (25 September 1793 – 16 May 1835) was an English poet (who identified as Welsh by adoption). Regarded as the leading female poet of her day, Hemans was immensely popular during her lifetime in both England and the United States, and was second only to Lord Byron in terms of sales. Two of her opening lines, "The boy stood on the burning deck" and "The stately homes of England", have acquired classic status.

Casabianca (poem)
"Casabianca" is a poem by the English poet Felicia Dorothea Hemans, first published in The Monthly Magazine, Vol 2, August 1826.

The poem starts:

The boy stood on the burning deck
Whence all but he had fled;
The flame that lit the battle's wreck
Shone round him o'er the dead.

It is written in ballad meter with the rhyme scheme ABAB. It is about the true story of a boy who was obedient enough to wait for his father's orders, not knowing that his father is no longer alive. It is perhaps not widely realised that the boy in the poem is French and not English; his nationality is not mentioned.
Tōyoko Line
The Tōyoko Line (東横線, Tōyoko-sen; Japanese pronunciation: [toː.jo.ko.seɴ]) is a major railway line connecting Tokyo (Shibuya) to Yokohama. The line is owned and operated by the private railway operator Tokyu Corporation. The name of the line, Tōyoko (東横; [toː.jo.ko]), is a combination of the first characters of Tōkyō (東京; [toː.kjoː]) and Yokohama (横浜; [jo.ko.ha.ma]), and is the main line of the Tokyu network. The section between Den-en-chofu and Hiyoshi Station is a quadruple track corridor with the Tōkyū Meguro Line.

Hiyoshi Station (Kanagawa)
Hiyoshi Station (日吉駅, Hiyoshi-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station located in Kōhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, jointly managed by the private railway operator Tokyu Corporation and the Yokohama City Transportation Bureau.
Leona Graham
Leona Graham (born 18 January 1971) is a British radio broadcaster and voiceover artist. She is currently a presenter of Absolute Radio (formerly Virgin Radio), a position she has held since 2000. She can also be heard on the digital stations Absolute 80s and Absolute Classic Rock.

In addition, Graham has recorded voiceovers for numerous national and local TV and radio stations and commercials.

Graham was a judge at the Sony Radio Academy Awards 2011.

Absolute Radio
Absolute Radio is a British digital radio station owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Absolute Radio Network. It broadcasts nationally across the UK via digital audio broadcasting.

The station focuses on alternative and indie music.
George Daniels (watchmaker)
George Daniels, CBE, FBHI, FSA, AHCI (19 August 1926 – 21 October 2011) was an English horologist, inventor of the coaxial escapement, author and a classic car collector.

He hand built 23 pocket watches and two wrist watches, as well as clocks.: pages 221-222  As at December 2022, only Patek Phillipe and Rolex watches have achieved higher prices. Six of his watches have each sold for in excess of USD$1.5 million.

Producing a single watch and its components required 2,500 hours from Daniels, over about a year. Commentators have referred to them as 'works of art' and 'technological and horological master pieces'. Typically his watches had clear, clean dials with subsidiary dials interwoven with the main chapter ring.

He was selective about the commissions he accepted, stating "I never made watches for people if I didn't care for them."

Coaxial escapement
The coaxial escapement is a type of modern watch escapement mechanism invented by English watchmaker George Daniels in 1976 and patented in 1980. His friend and peer Derek Pratt contributed to this invention intellectually and physically. It is one of the few watch escapements to be invented in modern times and is used in most of the mechanical watch models currently produced by Omega SA.
Pathfinder (Star Trek: Voyager)
"Pathfinder" is the tenth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager, 130th episode overall. It features the characters Reginald Barclay and Deanna Troi from Star Trek: The Next Generation. This also marks the first contact with Earth by Voyager since Message in a Bottle (S4E14).

This episode was written by David Zabel and Kenneth Biller and directed by Mike Vejar.

This episode debuted on UPN on December 2, 1999.

Deanna Troi
Deanna Troi is a main character in the science-fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and related TV series and films, portrayed by Marina Sirtis. Troi is half-human, half-Betazoid, and has the psionic ability to sense emotions. She serves as the ship's counselor on USS Enterprise-D. Throughout most of the series, she holds the rank of lieutenant commander. In the seventh season, Troi successfully passes the bridge officer's examination, gaining promotion to the rank of commander while maintaining her role as counselor.

Troi appears in all four Next Generation theatrical films and also made guest appearances on Voyager, Enterprise, Picard and Lower Decks.

Her romantic interests, family and personal life are plot elements in many Star Trek: The Next Generation episodes.
COVIDSafe
COVIDSafe was a digital contact tracing app released by the Australian Government on 26 April 2020 to help combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The app was intended to augment traditional contact tracing by automatically tracking encounters between users and later allowing a state or territory health authority to warn a user they have come within 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) with an infected person for 15 minutes or more. To achieve this, it used the BlueTrace and Herald protocol, originally developed by the Singaporean Government and VMWare respectively, to passively collect an anonymised registry of near contacts. The efficacy of the app was questioned over its lifetime, ultimately identifying just 2 confirmed cases by the time it was decommissioned on 16 August 2022.

VMware
VMware LLC is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, U.S. On November 22, 2023, Broadcom acquired VMware in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at $69 billion, with the End-User Computing  division of VMware then sold to KKR and rebranded to Omnissa. VMware was the first commercially successful company to virtualize the x86 architecture.

VMware's desktop software runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. VMware ESXi, its enterprise software hypervisor, is an operating system that runs on server hardware.
Who Is Ayn Rand?
Who Is Ayn Rand? is a 1962 book about the philosopher Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden and Barbara Branden. It comprises four essays addressing Rand's life and writings and her philosophy of Objectivism. The book's title essay is Barbara Branden's authorized biography of Rand. The Brandens subsequently repudiated the book, deeming its approach too uncritical toward Rand.

Nathaniel Branden
Nathaniel Branden (born Nathan Blumenthal; April 9, 1930 – December 3, 2014) was a Canadian–American psychotherapist and writer known for his work in the psychology of self-esteem. A former associate and romantic partner of Ayn Rand, Branden also played a prominent role in the 1960s in promoting Rand's philosophy, Objectivism. Rand and Branden split acrimoniously in 1968, after which Branden focused on developing his own psychological theories and modes of therapy.
Bogusław Linda
Bogusław Linda (Polish: [bɔˈɡuswaf ˈlinda]; born 27 June 1952) is a Polish actor known from films such as Psy and Tato. He appeared in Andrzej Wajda's Man of Iron and Danton and in Krzysztof Kieślowski's Blind Chance and the seventh episode of Kieślowski's Dekalog. He is regarded as one of the most popular Polish film actors.

Blind Chance
Blind Chance (Polish: Przypadek) is a Polish film written and directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski and starring Bogusław Linda. The film presents three separate storylines, told in succession, about a man running after a train and how such an ordinary incident could influence the rest of the man's life. Originally completed in 1981, Blind Chance was suppressed by the Polish authorities for several years until its delayed release in Poland on 10 January 1987 in a censored form.

The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.
The film is among 21 digitally restored classic Polish films chosen for Martin Scorsese Presents: Masterpieces of Polish Cinema.
Harushio-class submarine
The Harushio class (はるしお, "Spring Tide") is a diesel-electric submarine class that was operated by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). The design is an evolution from the Yūshio class being slightly larger and with better noise reduction. Asashio, was modified to test air-independent propulsion (AIP), and the remaining vessels were decommissioned and replaced by the Oyashio class

Yūshio-class submarine
The Yūshio class was a Japanese diesel-electric submarine class operated by the JMSDF. It was a second generation submarine, a development of the Uzushio class, incorporating a teardrop hull, with a resulting increase in underwater performance on the Uzushio class. Ten were built under the fourth defense plan in 1975 fiscal year. All vessels were retired with the decommissioning of Yukishio on March 7, 2008, and the completion of the Harushio class.  JDS Akishio is on display at the JMSDF Kure Museum.
Timothy Goes to School
Timothy Goes to School is a preschool children's animated television series based on books by Rosemary Wells (including the book of the same name). The series is a co-production with Nelvana Limited and Animation Services (Hong Kong) Limited and Silver Lining Entertainment Limited, produced in association with PBS and TVOntario and with the participation of Knowledge Network, Access and Saskatchewan Communications Network.

The show premiered on September 30, 2000, and aired its final episode on January 26, 2002. The show aired on PBS as part of the PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch block.

PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch
The PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch was a Saturday morning preschool television block co-produced by Canada-based studio Nelvana that aired on PBS from September 30, 2000, until September 5, 2004. It typically aired on weekend mornings, depending on station preference and scheduling. The six animated programs that aired on the Bookworm Bunch were all based on children's books: Corduroy (by Don Freeman), Elliot Moose (by Andrea Beck), Timothy Goes to School (by Rosemary Wells), Seven Little Monsters (by Maurice Sendak), George Shrinks (by William Joyce), and Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse (by Betty and Michael Paraskevas).
Lorraine Daston
Lorraine Jenifer Daston (born June 9, 1951) is an American historian of science. She is director emerita of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG) in Berlin, visiting professor in the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago, and an authority on early modern Europe's scientific and intellectual history. In 1993, she was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is a permanent fellow at the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study, and was elected to the Academia Europaea in 2025.

Committee on Social Thought
The John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought is a PhD-granting committee at the Social Sciences Division at the University of Chicago. It was started in 1941 by economic historian John Ulric Nef along with economist Frank Knight, anthropologist Robert Redfield, and University President Robert Maynard Hutchins.
Polish historical regions
Polish historic regions are regions that were related to a former Polish state, or are within present-day Poland, with or without being identified in its administrative divisions.

There are several historic and cultural regions in Poland that are called ethnographic regions. Their exact borders cannot be drawn, as the regions are not official political or administrative units. They are delimited by culture, such as country traditions, traditional lifestyle, songs, tales, etc. To some extent, the regions correspond to the zones of Polish language dialects. The correspondence, however, is by no means strict.

Territorial evolution of Poland
Poland is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the ninth largest in Europe.

From a nucleus between the Oder and Vistula rivers on the North-Central European Plain, Poland has at its largest extent expanded as far as the Baltic, the Dnieper and the Carpathians, while in periods of weakness it has shrunk drastically and even ceased to exist.
Homewood Canyon-Valley Wells, California
Homewood Canyon-Valley Wells is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. The population was 75 at the 2000 census.

Prior to the 2010 census, it was dissolved into Homewood Canyon CDP and Valley Wells CDP.

Homewood Canyon, California
Homewood Canyon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California. Homewood Canyon sits at an elevation of 3,074 feet (937 m). The 2020 United States census reported Homewood Canyon's population was 40.

Prior to the 2010 census, the former CDP of Homewood Canyon-Valley Wells was split into Homewood Canyon and Valley Wells.
Concord, Hampshire County, West Virginia
Concord is an unincorporated community and former post office in southeastern Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is located along Eldridge Road (County Route 23/2) between the unincorporated communities of Lehew and Yellow Spring.

Hampshire County, West Virginia
Hampshire County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,093. Its county seat is Romney, West Virginia's oldest town (1762). The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1754, from parts of Frederick and Augusta Counties (Virginia) and is the state's oldest county. The county lies in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands region.

Hampshire County is part of the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
An American Tragedy
An American Tragedy is a 1925 novel by American writer Theodore Dreiser. He began the manuscript in the summer of 1920, but a year later, abandoned most of that text. It was based on the notorious murder of Grace Brown in 1906, and the trial of her lover, Chester Gillette. In 1923 Dreiser returned to the project and, with the help of his future wife Helen and editor-secretaries Louise Campbell and Sally Kusell, completed the massive novel in 1925. The book entered the public domain in the United States on January 1, 2021.

Murder of Grace Brown
Grace Mae Brown (March 20, 1886 – July 11, 1906) was an American woman who was murdered by her boyfriend, Chester Gillette, on Big Moose Lake, New York, after telling him she was pregnant. The murder, and the subsequent trial of the suspect, attracted national newspaper attention.

Brown's life has inspired such fictional treatments as Theodore Dreiser's 1925 novel An American Tragedy, the George Stevens film A Place in the Sun, and Jennifer Donnelly's 2003 novel A Northern Light. The murder was analyzed and explored in two non-fiction books, both published in 1986: Adirondack Tragedy: The Gillette Murder Case of 1906, written by Joseph W. Brownell and Patricia A. Wawrzaszek, and Murder in the Adirondacks: An American Tragedy Revisited, by Craig Brandon (which was updated in 2017).