hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kings of Osraige
The kings of Osraige (alternately spelled Osraighe and Anglicised as Ossory) reigned over the medieval Irish kingdom of Osraige from the first or second century AD until the late twelfth century. Osraige was a semi-provincial kingdom in south-east Ireland which disappeared following the Norman Invasion of Ireland. A number of important royal Ossorian genealogies are preserved, particularly MS Rawlinson B502, which traces the medieval Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty back through Óengus Osrithe, who supposedly flourished in the first or second century. and one in the Book of Leinster (also known as "Lebor na Nuachongbála").  Recent analysis of ninth and tenth century regnal succession in Osraige has suggested that in peaceful times, kingship passed primarily from eldest to youngest brother, before crossing generations and passing to sons and nephews.

Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty
Mac Giolla Phádraig (Irish: [mˠək ɟɪl̪ˠə fˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ]; Old Irish: Mac Gilla Pátraic) is a native Irish dynastic surname which translates into English as "Son of the Devotee of (St.) Patrick".  In the medieval period, the Mac Giolla Phádraigs were hereditary kings of Osraige; today, the anglicised version of the name is commonly "Fitzpatrick".
2024 Currie Cup First Division
The 2024 Currie Cup First Division was the 86th edition of the Currie Cup. As the second-tier of the competition, it ran alongside the 2024 Currie Cup Premier Division. It was sponsored by beer brand Carling Black Label and organised by the South African Rugby Union.

It was won by the Boland Cavaliers, who drew  in the final, winning on tiebreak due to the number of tries scored.

2024 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2024 Currie Cup Premier Division is the 86th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa, and the oldest provincial rugby competition in the world. The competition was sponsored by beer brand Carling Black Label and organised by the South African Rugby Union.

The tournament was played from 5 July  until 21 September 2024, and featured a league stage of one-and-a-half rounds, followed by two semi-finals and a final. After the 2023 event was played from March until June, the dates for the 2024 season were in contention until shortly before the start, taking into account alignment with the northern hemisphere season, player welfare, and a 12-month season.

The competition featured the same eight teams from the previous season.
School buses by country
Buses play a key role in student transport by transporting students to and from school. They often have a high seating capacity and a high degree of safety compared to other modes of transportation. The use of buses in student transport varies worldwide, and may take the form of

the use of public transportation by students,

transit buses set aside to transport students, or

purpose-built school buses owned and operated by school systems or contractors.

Yellow school buses are most commonly associated with North America, where federal and state/provincial regulations have influenced their design characteristics, including its yellow color. When loading or unloading students, yellow school buses are given traffic priority. Their red warning lights and stop signs allow them to stop traffic.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
RG-42
The Soviet RG-42 (Ручная Граната образца 42 года > Ruchnaya Granata obraztsa 42 goda, "Hand Grenade pattern of [19]42 year") was a fragmentation grenade designed by S. G. Korshunov.

While it was introduced as a stopgap measure to replace the complex and expensive RGD-33 grenade, it remained in use with the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact countries, and allied nations such as People's Republic of China after World War II. In Soviet service it was used until 1981 during the Soviet–Afghan war.

RGD-33 grenade
The Soviet RGD-33 (Ручная Граната  Дьяконова образца 33 года >Ruchnaya Granata Djakonova obraztsa 33 goda, "Hand Grenade, Dyakonov design, pattern year 1933") is a dual use (offensive and defensive) stick grenade developed in 1933.

Designed to replace the RG-14/30 which was an improved World War I vintage design, the RGD-33 proved to be overly complex to operate (especially in the hands of hastily trained conscripts), and too complex to easily produce during the Great Patriotic War. It was replaced in service with a simpler design, the RG-42, though it remained in service with naval infantry units for the remainder of the war.

In the post-war period, despite being obsolete in the USSR, the RGD-33 would continue to see use in Korea and Vietnam.
Frankfurt–Göttingen railway
The Frankfurt–Göttingen railway is a continuously double track and electrified main line in Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, Germany. The line was initially built from Bebra towards Fulda by the Kurhessen State Railway. After the Prussian annexation of the Electorate of Hesse  as a result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, it was completed to Frankfurt as the Frankfurt-Bebra Railway. The line was later extended from Bebra to Göttingen.

During the division of Germany, it became part of one of the most important German north-south axes in long-distance rail freight and rail passenger transport, the North–South railway. The route continues to be of great importance for traffic, but has been relieved in sections since 1991 by the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway. Further new lines are being planned as part of the Aus- und Neubaustrecke Hanau–Würzburg/Fulda–Erfurt ("Hanau-Würzburg/Fulda-Erfurt upgraded and new line") project.

Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway
The Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway is a double-track, electrified high-speed railway between Hanover and Würzburg in Germany, 327 kilometres (203 mi) in length. The line, built between 1973 and 1991, was the longest contiguous new project constructed by Deutsche Bundesbahn. The total costs were almost DM 11.9 billion (around €6.1 billion; 1980/90s prices).

The line is part of the core network of the Trans-European Transport Networks. It is scheduled to be used by around 110 long-distance trains daily at up to 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) during the day and by an average of 26 freight trains at night with a total of 37,460 gross tonnes (83 million pounds), running at up to 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph). In 2020, the number of passengers on the line was estimated to be 15.5 million. To date, it is the longest greenfield line for high-speed traffic in Germany.
Peter Whitehead (racing driver)
Peter Nield Whitehead (12 November 1914 – 21 September 1958) was a British racing driver. He was born in Menston, Yorkshire and was killed in an accident at Lasalle, France, during the Tour de France endurance race. A cultured, knowledgeable and well-travelled racer, he was excellent in sports cars. He won the 1938 Australian Grand Prix, which along with a 24 Heures du Mans win in 1951, probably was his finest achievement, but he also won two 12 Heures internationales de Reims events. He was a regular entrant, mostly for Peter Walker and Graham Whitehead, his half-brother. His death in 1958 ended a career that started in 1935 – however, he was lucky to survive an air crash in 1948.

Peter Walker (racing driver)
Peter Douglas Conyers Walker (7 October 1912 – 1 March 1984) was an English racing driver.  He was born in Huby, Yorkshire and died in Newtown, Worcestershire. He proved a strong driver in most disciplines, but was most adept in sports cars, winning the 1951 24 Hours of Le Mans race, and the Goodwood Nine-Hours in 1955. He effectively retired after a crash in 1956 left him with serious injuries.
Battle of Lowestoft
The Battle of Lowestoft took place on 13 June [O.S. 3 June] 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. A fleet of more than a hundred ships of the United Provinces commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer, Lord Obdam, attacked an English fleet of equal size commanded by James, Duke of York, forty miles east of the port of Lowestoft in Suffolk.

Although it was a substantial English victory, the escape of the bulk of the Dutch fleet deprived England of the chance of ending the war quickly with a single decisive victory. As a result, the Dutch were able to make good their losses by building new and better-armed ships and improving their organisation and discipline. Their Dutch fleets would not be so badly organised or ill-disciplined in the remaining battles of this war and, in Obdam's replacement, Michiel de Ruyter, the Dutch had gained a superb tactician and leader for the remainder of the war.

Second Anglo-Dutch War
The Second Anglo-Dutch War began on 4 March 1665 and concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Breda on 31 July 1667. It was one in a series of naval wars between England and the Dutch Republic, driven largely by commercial disputes.

Despite several major battles, neither side was able to score a decisive victory, and by the end of 1666 the war had reached stalemate. Peace talks made little progress until the Dutch Raid on the Medway in June 1667 forced Charles II to agree to the Treaty of Breda.

By eliminating a number of long-standing issues, the terms eventually made it possible for England and the Dutch Republic to unite against the expansionist policies pursued by Louis XIV of France. In the short-term however, Charles's desire to avenge this setback led to the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672.
Vanguard 3
Vanguard 3 (Harvard designation: 1959 Eta 1) is a scientific satellite that was launched into Earth orbit by the Vanguard SLV-7 on 18 September 1959, the third successful Vanguard launch out of eleven attempts. Vanguard rocket: Vanguard Satellite Launch Vehicle-7 (SLV-7) was an unused Vanguard TV-4BU (TV-4BU=Test Vehicle-Four BackUp) rocket, updated to the final production Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV).

Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company (now Lockheed Martin), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into Earth orbit using a Vanguard rocket. as the launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Vanguard 3 was an important part of the Space Race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Vanguard (rocket)
The Vanguard rocket was intended to be the first launch vehicle the United States would use to place a satellite into orbit. Instead, the Sputnik crisis caused by the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 led the U.S., after the failure of Vanguard TV-3, to quickly orbit the Explorer 1 satellite using a Juno I rocket, making Vanguard 1 the second successful U.S. orbital launch.

Vanguard rockets were used by Project Vanguard from 1957 to 1959. Of the eleven Vanguard rockets which the project attempted to launch, three successfully placed satellites into orbit. Vanguard rockets were an important part of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Al pastor
Al pastor (from Spanish, "herdsman style"), tacos al pastor, or tacos de trompo is a preparation of sliced, spit-grilled meat, usually pork, originating in the Central Mexican region of Puebla where they remain most prominent, though it is a common menu item found in taquerías throughout Mexico. The method of preparing and cooking al pastor is based on the lamb shawarma brought by Lebanese immigrants to the region. Al pastor features a flavor palate that uses traditional Mexican adobada (marinade). It is a popular street food that has spread to the United States. In some places of northern Mexico and coastal Mexico, such as in Baja California, taco al pastor is known as taco de trompo or taco de adobada.

A variety of the dish uses a combination of Middle Eastern spices and indigenous central Mexican ingredients and is called tacos árabes.

Rotisserie
Rotisserie, also known as spit-roasting, is a style of roasting where meat is skewered on a spit – a long, solid rod used to hold food while it is being cooked over a fire in a fireplace or over a campfire, or roasted in an oven. This method is generally used for cooking large joints of meat or entire animals, such as pigs, chickens or turkeys. The rotation cooks the meat evenly in its own juices and allows easy access for continuous basting.
Murder of Lourdusamy Lenin Selvanayagan
On 22 December 2001, inside his rented flat in Singapore's Marsiling, 23-year-old Lourdusamy Lenin Selvanayagan, a ship's electrician from India, was stabbed to death by one of his room-mates Arun Prakash Vaithilingam, who was his 23-year-old colleague from the same workplace. Arun, who originated from Tamil Nadu, evaded the authorities for about four months before his arrest in March 2002, and he was charged with murder. Arun put up a defence that he stabbed Lenin during a sudden fight against the murder charge, but the High Court ruled that Arun had taken undue advantage over the unarmed victim by using a knife during the dispute, and therefore found Arun guilty of murdering Lenin, and Arun was sentenced to hang under Section 302 of the Penal Code. Despite the appeals from Arun and the international community against the death penalty, Arun was hanged on 3 October 2003.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
United States Department of Homeland Security
The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for public security, roughly comparable to the interior, home, or public security ministries in other countries. Its missions involve anti-terrorism, civil defense, immigration and customs, border control, cybersecurity, transportation security, maritime security and sea rescue, and the mitigation of weapons of mass destruction.

It began operations on March 1, 2003, after being formed as a result of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, enacted in response to the September 11 attacks. With more than 240,000 employees, DHS is the third-largest Cabinet department, after the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. Homeland security policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, and Energy.

Homeland Security Act of 2002
The Homeland Security Act (HSA) of 2002 (Pub. L. 107–296 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 2135, enacted November 25, 2002) was an Act of Congress, introduced in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, that established the Department of Homeland Security and reorganized the US federal government. The HSA was cosponsored by 118 members of Congress. The act passed the U.S. Senate by a vote of 90–9, with one senator not voting. It was signed into law by President George W. Bush in November 2002.

The HSA also established the secretary of homeland security as a cabinet-level position. The HSA imposed the largest federal government reorganization since the Department of Defense was created via the National Security Act of 1947 (as amended in 1949).   It also includes many of the organizations under which the powers of the USA PATRIOT Act are exercised.
Augmented sixth chord
In music theory, an augmented sixth chord contains the interval of an augmented sixth, usually above its bass tone. This chord has its origins in the Renaissance, was further developed in the Baroque, and became a distinctive part of the musical style of the Classical and Romantic periods.

Conventionally used with a predominant function (resolving to the dominant), the three most common types of augmented sixth chords are usually called the Italian sixth, the French sixth, and the German sixth.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Hiiu Stadium
Hiiu Stadium (Estonian: Hiiu staadion) is a football stadium in Tallinn, Estonia. Opened in 1936, it is the home ground of Nõmme Kalju FC. The stadium is located about 8 km southwest of the city centre, in the district of Nõmme. The address of the stadium is Pidu tänav 11, Tallinn.

Hiiu Stadium has been Nõmme Kalju's home since its opening in 1936 until the club's dissolution in 1944 due to Soviet occupation of Estonia, and again since the club's re-establishment in 1997. The stadium has undergone several renovation periods, most recently in 2023–2024.

On 10 September 2011, the highest recorded attendance was set, when 2,730 people watched a football match between hosts Nõmme Kalju and FC Flora Tallinn.

Nõmme Kalju FC
Nõmme Kalju FC (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈnɤmːe ˈkɑlju]), commonly known as Nõmme Kalju, or simply as Kalju (Estonian: "rock" or "cliff"), is a professional football club based in Nõmme, Tallinn, that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Hiiu Stadium.

Founded in 1923, Nõmme Kalju first played in the Estonian top division from 1925 until 1927, but were dissolved in 1944 due to the Soviet occupation of Estonia. Re-established in 1997, the club has played in the Meistriliiga since the 2008 season and have not been relegated since. Kalju have won two Meistriliiga titles (2012 and 2018), two Estonian Cups (2014–15 and 2024–25), and two Estonian Supercups (2019 and 2026).
The Two Foscari (Byron)
The Two Foscari: An Historical Tragedy (1821) is a verse play in five acts by Lord Byron. The plot, set in Venice in the mid-15th century, is loosely based on the true story of the downfall of doge Francesco Foscari and his son Jacopo. Byron's play formed the basis of Verdi's opera I due Foscari.

The play was published by John Murray in 1821 in the same volume as his Sardanapalus and Cain

Sardanapalus (play)
Sardanapalus (1821) is a historical tragedy in blank verse by Lord Byron, set in ancient Nineveh and recounting the fall of the Assyrian monarchy and its supposed last king. It draws its story mainly from the Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus and from William Mitford's History of Greece. Byron wrote the play during his stay in Ravenna, and dedicated it to Goethe. It has had an extensive influence on European culture, inspiring a painting by Delacroix and musical works by Berlioz, Liszt and Ravel, among others.

Sardanapalus was published in London by John Murray with The Two Foscari and Cain in 1821.
Stenonychosaurus
Stenonychosaurus (meaning "narrow claw lizard") is a disputed genus of troodontid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, as well as possibly the Two Medicine Formation. The type and only species, S. inequalis, was named by Charles Mortram Sternberg in 1932, based on a foot, fragments of a hand, and some caudal vertebrae from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta. S. inequalis was reassigned in 1987 by Phil Currie to the genus Troodon, which was reverted by the recognition of Stenonychosaurus as a separate genus from the possibly dubious Troodon in 2017 by Evans et al. and also later in the same year by Van der Reest and Currie.

Troodontidae
Troodontidae /troʊ.əˈdɒntɪdiː/ is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. During most of the 20th century, troodontid fossils were few and incomplete and they have therefore been allied, at various times, with many dinosaurian lineages. More recent fossil discoveries of complete and articulated specimens (including specimens which preserve feathers, eggs, embryos, and complete juveniles), have helped to increase understanding about this group. Anatomical studies, particularly studies of the most primitive troodontids, like Sinovenator, demonstrate striking anatomical similarities with Archaeopteryx and primitive dromaeosaurids, and demonstrate that they are relatives comprising a clade called Paraves.
The X-Family
The X-Family (traditional Chinese: 終極一家; simplified Chinese: 终极一家; pinyin: zhōng jí yī jiā) is a Taiwanese drama starring Pauline Lan, Jiro Wang, Danson Tang, Sunnie Huang, Calvin Chen, and Aaron Yan. It is the sequel to the 2005 drama KO One and is produced by Comic International Productions (可米國際影視事業股份有限公司). The series started filming in June 2006 and wrapped in April 2007. It was broadcast on cable TV Gala Television (GTV) Variety Show/CH 28 (八大綜合台) on August 8, 2007, to October 23, 2007.

The prequel KO One was broadcast on November 26, 2005, to May 27, 2006, and a further sequel, K.O.3an Guo, was broadcast on February 28, 2009, to February 27, 2010, on cable TV Gala Television (GTV) Variety Show/CH 28 (八大綜合台).

K.O. 3an Guo
K.O. 3an Guo (traditional Chinese: 終極三國; simplified Chinese: 终极三国; pinyin: Zhōng Jí Sān Guó) is a Taiwanese television series starring George Hu, Xiu, Kirsten Ren, and three out of four members of Fahrenheit as special guests, who starred in the prequels. The title is pronounced as K.O.-san-guo. It is the third installment of the Zhong Ji series; preceded by KO One and The X-Family. This series is a spoof of the 14th century Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong.

The series started filming on 24 December 2008 and wrapped on 21 January 2010. It was first broadcast in Taiwan on free-to-air Formosa Television (FTV) from 27 February 2009 to 26 February 2010 on Fridays at 22:00 and on cable TV Gala Television (GTV) Variety Show/CH 28 from 28 February 2009 to 27 February 2010 on Saturdays at 23:00.