hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jon Sopel
Jonathan B. Sopel (born 22 May 1959) is a British journalist, television presenter and podcaster. He was formerly BBC News's North America editor; chief political correspondent for the domestic news channel BBC News; a presenter on the Politics Show on BBC One and the BBC News channel; and from 2013 to 2014, the main presenter of Global on BBC World News. Since 2022, he has been presenting the Global daily news podcast The News Agents.

Politics Show
Politics Show is an hour-long BBC One television political programme which was broadcast in the United Kingdom on Sundays between 2 February 2003 and 11 December 2011, broadcasting usually at midday.

Politics Show was superseded by Sunday Politics, a weekend version of Daily Politics, which retains some of the elements of the former show.
Oirat War of Independence
The Oirat War of Independence was an independence war between the Oirat Confederation led by the Choros prince Kharkhul and his allies against the Khalkha Mongols—led by the Ubashi Khong Tayiji. The conflict led to the Independence of the Oirats and eventual establishment of the Dzungar Khanate by Kharkhul's son, Erdeni Batur. This also led to the end of Gelug persecutions by the Khalkha prince, Choghtu Khong Tayiji by Güshi Khan in Battle of the Bloody Hills, 1637.

Battle of the Bloody Hills (1637)
The Battle of the Bloody Hills, also known as the Battle of Olango, was fought in the spring of 1637 by an Oirat-led coalition under the Khoshut chief Torobaikhu and supported by the Dzungar prince Erdeni Batur in Amdo against the Khalkha prince Choghtu Khong Tayiji. The battle resulted in an Oirat victory, creating the Khoshut Khanate and contributing to the elimination of the Karmapa threat.

The battle was a religious war between the Gelugpa and the Karmapa sects of Tibetan Buddhism and formed part of the Oirat–Khalkha Wars. The battle removed a major supporter of the Karmapa, allowing the Oirats to establish permanent control over the Qinghai region and to initiate the Khoshut intervention, which later unified Tibet and contributed to the patronage of the Gelugpa as the dominant Buddhist sect in Mongolia.
Three Dikgosi Monument
The Three Dikgosi Monument is a bronze sculpture located in the Central Business District of Gaborone, Botswana. The statues depict three dikgosi, or tribal chiefs: Khama III, Sebele I, and Bathoen I. The three dikgosi played important roles in Botswana's independence. In 1895, the three men traveled to Great Britain to ask Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, and Queen Victoria to separate the Bechuanaland Protectorate from Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company and Southern Rhodesia. Permission was then granted which made Botswana under direct British rule until its independence. There are six plinths giving information about Botswana's independence and struggles. A large coat of arms is featured in front of the three statues. A contract was given to North Korean company Mansudae Overseas Projects to build the monument, which resulted in disappointment from local sculptors. Some minority ethnic groups in Botswana see it as a decree of Tswana dominance.

Mansudae Overseas Projects
Mansudae Overseas Projects (Korean: 만수대해외개발회사) is a construction company based in Jongphyong-dong, Phyongchon District, Pyongyang, North Korea. It is the international commercial division of the Mansudae Art Studio. As of August 2011, it had earned an estimated US$160 million overseas building monuments and memorials. As of 2015, Mansudae projects have been built in 17 countries: Angola, Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Cambodia, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Germany, Malaysia, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Togo and Zimbabwe. The company uses North Korean artists, engineers, and construction workers. Their sculptures, monuments, and buildings are in the style of North Korean socialist realism.
Gyula II
Zombor, also referred to as Gyula II or Gylas, was a Hungarian tribal leader in the middle of the 10th century. He visited Constantinople, where he was baptized in 952 with the baptismal name of Stephen.

Gyula III
Gyula III, also Iula or Gyula the Younger, Geula or Gyla, was an early medieval ruler in Transylvania (c. 980 – 1003/1004). Around 1003, he and his family were attacked, dispossessed and captured by King Stephen I of Hungary (1000/1001-1038). The name "Gyula" was also a title, the second highest rank in Hungarian tribal confederation.

According to Gyula Kristó, his actual name was probably Prokui. However, certain historians like István Bóna disagree with this identification.
Treaty of Narva
The Treaty of Narva was concluded on 19 August (O.S.) / 30 August 1704 during the Great Northern War. The faction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth loyal to Augustus the Strong joined the anti-Swedish alliance between the Saxon electorate and the Tsardom of Russia.

Sandomierz Confederation
The Sandomierz Confederation was an anti-Swedish confederation, formed on 20 May 1704 in defense of the King of Poland, August II the Strong. It was formed in reaction to the Warsaw Confederation, and its marshal was Stanisław Ernest Denhoff.  The confederation lasted until 1717, when it was disbanded by the Silent Sejm.

Members of the confederation mostly consisted of nobility from Lesser Poland, who supported the Electorate of Saxony, whose ruler August II also was king of Poland. Its forming resulted in a three-year civil war between the two camps. In its initial stages, Swedish side had the upper hand, and the Warsaw Confederation was eventually victorious in the civil war in Poland (1704–1706), which ended with the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706). Soon, however, after Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War, the Russians prevailed and August II resumed the Polish throne in 1709.
David Boaz
David Douglas Boaz (/ˈboʊz/; August 29, 1953 – June 7, 2024) was a libertarian author, philosopher and editor. He was a distinguished senior fellow and the executive vice president of the Cato Institute, an American libertarian think tank. Boaz was a prominent advocate for individual liberty, limited government, free markets, and non-interventionist foreign policy.

Boaz authored several works on libertarian philosophy, including Libertarianism: A Primer and The Libertarian Mind: A Manifesto for Freedom. He was an early proponent of civil liberties, marriage equality, drug policy reform, and school choice, contributing to the mainstream acceptance of these issues in public discourse. Boaz is regarded as a key figure in the development and promotion of modern libertarian thought.

The Libertarian Mind
The Libertarian Mind: A Manifesto for Freedom is a 2015 nonfiction book by David Boaz, who was the executive vice president of the Cato Institute. An update of his 1997 manifesto Libertarianism: A Primer, the book explores libertarianism and advocates for increased economic and personal freedoms.
Magnus Hirschfeld
Magnus Hirschfeld (14 May 1868 – 14 May 1935) was a German physician, sexologist, and LGBTQ advocate whose German citizenship was revoked in 1933 by the Nazi government.

Hirschfeld was educated in philosophy, philology, and medicine. An outspoken advocate for sexual minorities, he founded the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee and the World League for Sexual Reform. During the 1920s he based his practice in Berlin-Charlottenburg. His Committee carried out "the first advocacy for homosexual and transgender rights".

Hirschfeld is regarded as one of the most influential 20th-century sexologists. He was targeted by early fascists, and later by the Nazis, for being Jewish and gay. He was beaten by völkisch activists in 1920, and in 1933 his Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was looted and its books burned by Nazis. He was forced into exile in France, where he died in 1935.

Sexology
Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, behaviors, and functions. The term sexology does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social criticism.

Sexologists apply tools from several academic fields, such as anthropology, biology, medicine, psychology, epidemiology, sociology, and criminology. Topics of study include sexual development (puberty), sexual orientation, gender identity, sexual relationships, sexual activities, paraphilias, and atypical sexual interests. It also includes the study of sexuality across the lifespan, including child sexuality, puberty, adolescent sexuality, and sexuality among the elderly. The field of sexology also encompasses the study of sexuality among individuals with mental or physical disabilities. The sexological study of sexual dysfunctions and disorders, including erectile dysfunction and anorgasmia, are also mainstays.
Dinesh Raut
Dinesh Raut (born 1975; Nepali: दिनेश राउत ) is a Nepali film writer, director, producer and songwriter, He is known for I Am Sorry, November Rain, Classic, Parva,  Prasad, and Prakash  . Raut is the recipient of several awards, including National Film Awards and many other awards.

Classic (2016 film)
Classic is a 2016 Nepali romantic film directed by Dinesh Raut and produced by Subash Giri. The film features Aaryan Sigdel and Namrata Shrestha in lead roles. The movie is made under collaboration of Subash Entertainment and Aaryan Sigdel Entertainment. The movie features a love story of visually impaired leads.  At the 8th Dcine Awards, the movie won for best film.
R. E. B. Crompton
Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton, CB, FRS (31 May 1845 – 15 February 1940) was an English electrical engineer, industrialist and inventor. He was a pioneer of electric lighting and public electricity supply systems. The company he formed, Crompton & Co., was one of the world's first large-scale manufacturers of electrical equipment. He was also an early campaigner for an international standard for electrical systems. He was involved with both the practical and academic sides of his discipline, being a founder member of the International Electrotechnical Commission and twice president of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. He was a fellow of the Royal Society and a founder member of the Royal Automobile Club.

CG Power and Industrial Solutions
CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited, also known as Crompton Greaves Limited, is an Indian multinational company engaged in design, manufacturing, and marketing of products related to power generation, transmission, and distribution, as well as rail transportation. The company is based in Mumbai and has been part of the Chennai-based Murugappa Group since 2020, when it was acquired from the Avantha Group. The company was restructured in 2016 following the demerger of its consumer goods business.
Pierre Louis Dulong
Pierre Louis Dulong FRS FRSE (/duːˈlɒŋ, -ˈloʊŋ/; French: [dylɔ̃]; 12 February 1785 – 19 July 1838) was a French physicist and chemist. He is remembered today largely for the law of Dulong and Petit, although he was much-lauded by his contemporaries for his studies into the elasticity of steam, conduction of heat, and specific heats of gases. He worked most extensively on the specific heat capacity and the expansion and refractive indices of gases. His collaboration with Alexis Thérèse Petit led to the discovery of the Dulong–Petit law on heat capacity.

Dulong–Petit law
The Dulong–Petit law, a thermodynamic law proposed  by French physicists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit in 1839, states that the classical expression for the molar heat capacity of certain chemical elements is constant for temperatures far from the absolute zero.

In modern terms, Dulong and Petit found that the heat capacity of a mole of many solid elements is about 3R, where R is the universal gas constant. The modern theory of the heat capacity of solids states that it is due to lattice vibrations in the solid.

The first theoretical proof of the law was given by Ludwig Boltzmann using statistical mechanics in 1877.
Earth (American band)
Earth is an American rock band originally based in Olympia, Washington and led by the guitarist Dylan Carlson. Initially active between 1989 and 1997, their early work is characterized by heavily distorted guitar, drones, and lengthy, minimalist song structures; their 1993 debut album Earth 2 is recognized as a pioneering work of the drone metal genre. The band resurfaced in the early 2000s, with their subsequent output reducing the distortion and incorporating elements of country, jazz rock, and folk. Earth's current lineup consists of Carlson and drummer Adrienne Davies. Often Bill Herzog is on bass as well as other Earth members, past present and future.

Earth 2 (album)
Earth 2: Special Low Frequency Version is the debut studio album by the American rock band Earth, released on February 5, 1993 on Sub Pop. Produced by Earth and Stuart Hallerman, it was highly influential in the development of drone music, especially the drone metal subgenre.
Survive (Much the Same album)
Survive is the second full-length studio album by Much the Same. It was released on August 29, 2006, by Nitro Records and is the last album by the band before their breakup in 2007, before reuniting in 2015.

Much the Same
Much The Same was a punk rock band from the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, United States.  Their style is based on the fast, melodic skate punk of the mid-to-late 1990s made popular by bands such as NOFX, Lagwagon, and No Use for a Name.

The band began in 1999 under the name Don't Look Down and changed to Much The Same in 2001 after a legal dispute with the now-defunct New Jersey band Don't Look Down.  They released Quitters Never Win on A-F Records in 2003 and Survive in 2006.

The band announced their break-up on April 23, 2007 following their first European tour.

They reunited for a final farewell performance on March 26, 2011 at Reggies Rock Club in Chicago. The sold-out show featured both fan favorite songs and a few the band rarely, if ever, played live.

The band announced on March 30, 2015, that they had reunited. They released their third and final album, Everything is Fine, in July 2019. On July 8, 2024, the band released a statement that they had disbanded for good.
Summat's Brewin'
Summat's Brewin', the fourth album by the Yorkshire-based folk music duo O'Hooley & Tidow, was released in August 2015 in a limited edition of 1,000 signed copies. The songs on the album explore society’s fascination with drink, drinking and real ale.

O'Hooley & Tidow
O'Hooley & Tidow is an English folk music duo from Yorkshire. Singer-songwriter Heidi Tidow (pronounced Tee-doe or Tee-dov) performs and records with her wife, singer-songwriter and pianist Belinda O'Hooley, who was formerly a member of Rachel Unthank and the Winterset (now The Unthanks). O'Hooley & Tidow were nominated for Best Duo at the 2013 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. Their 2016 album Shadows was given a five-star review in The Guardian, and four of their other albums, including their 2017 release WinterFolk Volume 1, have received four-star reviews in the British national press. From 2019 to 2022, their song "Gentleman Jack", from the album The Fragile, featured as the closing theme for the BBC/HBO television series Gentleman Jack. Their album Cloudheads was released on 21 April 2023.
Allison Taylor
Allison Taylor is a fictional character portrayed by Cherry Jones on the TV series 24.  The first female President of the United States within the 24 universe and a Republican, she took office in the TV movie, 24: Redemption and served in Season 7 and Season 8.

24 season 8
The eighth season of the American drama television series 24, also known as Day 8, premiered in the United States on Fox on January 17, 2010. The eighth season was announced as the final season of 24 and the show's series finale aired on May 24, 2010. However, the series returned with a ninth season  as 24: Live Another Day, which aired in 2014. The season's storyline begins and ends at 4:00 p.m.
Candy (Aggro Santos song)
"Candy" is the debut single by Brazilian-born British-based rapper Aggro Santos. The song was produced by Quiz & Larossi and co-written by Aggro Santos, Josef Larossi, Andreas Romdhane, Viktoria Hansen, while also featuring American singer Kimberly Wyatt of The Pussycat Dolls. It was released on 2 May 2010 as the lead single from Santos' debut studio album AggroSantos.com.

The song has been critically appreciated, with reviewers complimenting its chorus and synth-pop beats associated with it. "Candy" peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart. Outside the United Kingdom, "Candy" peaked within the top ten of the charts in Poland and the top 20 of the charts in Latvia and the Republic of Ireland. The music video of the song portrayed Santos and Wyatt having a UV water fight in a club.

Quiz & Larossi
Andreas Romdhane (a.k.a. Quiz) and Josef Larossi, collectively known as Quiz & Larossi, are a Swedish production duo. They have a studio based in the centre of Stockholm, Sweden, and have worked together since 1999 when they wrote songs for Lutricia McNeal.

During their partnership, they have written/produced songs for a wide variety of acts such as Kelly Clarkson, the Pussycat Dolls, Il Divo, Geri Halliwell, Diana Ross, Alexandra Burke, the Saturdays and Westlife.

They have had six number one singles in the UK. The duo have written eight songs for Il Divo, who have to this day sold 28 million albums worldwide.

They were claimed by Music Business Worldwide to have been commissioned by Spotify to produce tracks for playlists under various pseudonyms (including Deep Watch, Piotr Miteska, Evolution of Stars, Karin Borg, Antologie, Bon Vie, Benny Bernstein, and the 2 Inversions).
Shirley Braha
Shirley Braha (born December 26, 1982) is the adoptive owner of popular internet dog Marnie the Dog. She has also been a TV producer and creator of the music television show New York Noise (2003–2010) and MTV Hive's indie music video show Weird Vibes (2011–2013).

Marnie (dog)
Marnie (26 October 2001 - 5 March 2020) was a female Shih Tzu rescue dog adopted and owned by Shirley Braha. Photos of Marnie have been popular on Instagram and Twitter. At the time of her death, Marnie's Instagram account had over 1.9 million followers and each of the photos have received hundreds of thousands of Instagram likes; in the last two months of her life, Marnie's following increased five-times over. Marnie's Twitter account has over 115 thousand followers. Braha also posted short videos of Marnie on Vine.

In August 2012 Marnie was moved to an animal shelter by animal control as an abandoned street dog living in Connecticut. Four months later, she was adopted by Braha via Petfinder. Marnie's popularity originated from her photos on Instagram, under the handle @marniethedog, which Braha has updated since 2014. Marnie was especially famous for her permanent head tilt to the left, a result of a brief case of vestibular disease.
PSI-20
The PSI-20 (an acronym of Portuguese Stock Index) is a benchmark stock market index of companies that trade on Euronext Lisbon, the main stock exchange of Portugal. The index tracks the prices of the twenty listings with the largest market capitalisation and share turnover in the PSI Geral, the general stock market of the Lisbon exchange. It is one of the main national indices of the pan-European stock exchange group Euronext alongside Brussels' BEL20, Paris's CAC 40 and Amsterdam's AEX. On August 12, 2021 index has been renamed from PSI-20 to PSI.

AEX index
The AEX index, derived from Amsterdam Exchange index, is a stock market index composed of Dutch companies that trade on Euronext Amsterdam, formerly known as the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Started in 1983, the index is composed of a maximum of 25 of the most frequently traded securities on the exchange. It is one of the main national indices of the stock exchange group Euronext alongside Euronext Brussels' BEL20, Euronext Dublin's ISEQ 20, Euronext Lisbon's PSI-20, the Oslo Bors OBX Index, and Euronext Paris's CAC 40.
Ardenne Abbey
The Abbey of Our Lady of Ardenne (French: Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Ardenne), commonly called Ardenne Abbey, is a former Premonstratensian abbey founded in the 12th century and located near Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe in Calvados, near Caen, France. It is now occupied by the Institute of Contemporary Publishing Archives. Several buildings of the abbey have been preserved, including the church. These are protected as historic monuments.

In June 1944, 18 Canadian soldiers were executed at the abbey by members of the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend. Evidence showed they were shot in the back of the head. The event has become known as the Ardenne Abbey massacre.

Ardenne Abbey massacre
The Ardenne Abbey massacre occurred during the Battle of Normandy at the Ardenne Abbey, a Premonstratensian monastery in Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe, near Caen, France. In June 1944, 20 Canadian soldiers were massacred in a garden at the abbey by members of the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend over the course of several days and weeks. This was part of the Normandy Massacres, a series of scattered killings during which up to 156 Canadian prisoners of war were murdered by soldiers of the 12th SS Panzer Division during the Battle of Normandy. The perpetrators of the massacre, members of the 12th SS Panzer Division, were known for their fanaticism, the majority having been drawn from the Hitlerjugend or Hitler Youth.
Tinos (town)
Tinos (Greek: Τήνος) is a town on the island of Tinos, in the Cyclades, Greece. It is also locally known as Chora (Χώρα) as is common in the Cyclades for island main towns.

Tinos Town is the site of the Church of Panagia Evangelistria, a site of pilgrimage for Greeks and the town has many businesses that revolve around pilgrims' needs.

Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tinos, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 22.873 km2. It shares the island of Tinos with the municipal units of Exomvourgo and Panormos.

Tinos is the largest town on the island and has been the administrative capital since the destruction of the former town and fortress of Tinos on the mountain Exobourgo. The current town was formerly known as San Nicolò.

Exomvourgo
Exomvourgo or Exobourgo (Greek: Εξώμβουργο/Εξώμπουργκο, pronounced [eˈksomvurɣo]/[eˈksoburɡo]) is a mountain on the island of Tinos. Unlike the other mountains in the Cyclades, it has a rugged appearance and is the site of a ruined Venetian fortress and town.

Exomvourgo is not the highest mountain on the island—that is Tsiknias—but is in a central location ringed by many small villages such as Tripotamos and Falatados and can be climbed from several of these. The walk up from Iera Kardia Iisou takes around 20 minutes. The former Exomvourgos municipality shares its name with the mountain.