hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phanaeus vindex
Phanaeus vindex, also known as a rainbow scarab (like other members in its genus), is a North American species of true dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in eastern and central United States (Florida and New England to Arizona and Wyoming) and northern Mexico. It is the most widespread species of Phanaeus in the United States and it has a wide habitat tolerance. It may hybridize with the generally less common P. difformis.

Scarabaeinae
The scarab beetle subfamily Scarabaeinae consists of species collectively called true dung beetles (there are also dung beetles in other subfamilies and families). Most of the beetles of this subfamily feed exclusively on dung. However, some may feed on decomposing matter including carrion, decaying fruits and fungi. Dung beetles can be placed into three structural guilds based on their method of dung processing namely rollers (telecoprids), dwellers (endocoprids) and tunnelers (paracoprids). Dung removal and burial by dung beetles result in ecological benefits such as soil aeration and fertilization; improved nutrient cycling and uptake by plants, increase in pasture quality, biological control of pest flies and intestinal parasites and secondary seed dispersal. Well-known members include the genera Scarabaeus and Sisyphus, and Phanaeus vindex.
Viscount Monck
Viscount Monck, of Ballytrammon in the County of Wexford, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1801 for Charles Monck, 1st Baron Monck. He had already been created Baron Monck, of Ballytrammon in the County of Wexford, in 1797, also in the Peerage of Ireland. His eldest son, the second Viscount, was in 1822 created Earl of Rathdowne in the Peerage of Ireland. However, this title became extinct on his death, while he was succeeded in the other titles by his younger brother, the third Viscount. The latter's son, the fourth Viscount, served as the 1st Governor General of Canada. In 1866, he was given the title Baron Monck, of Ballytrammon in the County of Wexford, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This title gave the viscounts a seat in the Westminster House of Lords until the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. As of 2012 the titles are held by his great-great-grandson, the seventh Viscount, who succeeded his father in 1982. He does not use his titles.

Charles Monck, 1st Viscount Monck
Charles Stanley Monck, 1st Viscount Monck, was born in 1754 and died on 9 June 1802. He was the 1st son of Thomas Monck MP, by his wife, Judith Mason, daughter of Robert Mason, of Mason Brook.

He was MP for Gorey from 1790 to 1798. He gained the title of 1st Viscount Monck in 1801 as a reward for voting for the Act of Union (1800). He had already been created Baron Monck, of Ballytrammon in the County of Wexford, in 1797, also in the Peerage of Ireland.
Utstein Church
Utstein Church (Norwegian: Utstein klosterkyrkje) is a historic parish church of the Church of Norway in the large Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located on the grounds of the historic Utstein Abbey on the island of Klosterøy. It was historically the church for the Mosterøy parish which is part of the Tungenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The medieval stone church was built in a long church design around the year 1280 using designs by an unknown architect. The church seats about 300 people.

Utstein Abbey
Utstein Abbey (Norwegian: Utstein Kloster) is Norway's best-preserved medieval monastery. It is located on the southern shore of the island of Klosterøy in Stavanger municipality, Rogaland county. It was built in the late 1200s. Utstein Church is located on the grounds of the abbey.
South African Class NG9 4-6-0
The South African Railways Class NG9 4-6-0 of 1915 was a narrow-gauge steam locomotive.

During 1915 and 1916, the South African Railways placed six 4-6-0 steam locomotives in service on the Langkloof narrow-gauge railway. When a system of grouping narrow-gauge locomotives into classes was eventually introduced somewhere between 1928 and 1930, they were classified as Class NG9.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
North Shore (Massachusetts)
The North Shore is a region in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, loosely defined as the sea coast between Boston and New Hampshire. Its counterpart is the South Shore region extending south and east of Boston.

The North Shore is a significant historical, cultural, and economic region of Massachusetts. The southern North Shore includes historic towns that are now part of the Boston metropolis. The Salem witch trials took place here. At the northern end, the Merrimack Valley was an important center of the Industrial Revolution in the United States. The North Shore includes a number of places that are significant in the literary and cultural history of the United States.

The North Shore landscape includes seaports, fishing villages, and rocky coastline dotted with marshes and wetlands, as well as beaches and natural harbors. Cape Ann is the largest promontory.

Cape Ann
Cape Ann is a rocky peninsula in northeastern Massachusetts on the Atlantic Ocean.  It is about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Boston and marks the northern limit of Massachusetts Bay. Cape Ann includes the city of Gloucester and the towns of Essex, Manchester-by-the-Sea and Rockport.
2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)
2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 science fiction novel by English writer Arthur C. Clarke. It was developed concurrently with Stanley Kubrick's film version and published after the release of the film. Clarke and Kubrick worked on the book together, but eventually only Clarke ended up as the official author. The story is based in part on various short stories by Clarke, including "The Sentinel" (written in 1948 for a BBC competition, but first published in 1951 under the title "Sentinel of Eternity"). By 1992, the novel had sold three million copies worldwide. An elaboration of Clarke and Kubrick's collaborative work on this project was made in the 1972 book The Lost Worlds of 2001.

The first part of the novel, in which aliens influence the primitive ancestors of humans, is similar to the plot of Clarke's 1953 short story "Encounter in the Dawn".

Space Odyssey
Space Odyssey is a science fiction media franchise created by writer Arthur C. Clarke and filmmaker Stanley Kubrick, consisting of two films and four novels. The first novel was developed concurrently with Kubrick's film version and published after the release of the film. The second novel was made into a feature film directed by Peter Hyams and released in 1984. Two of Clarke's early short stories have ties to the series.
Tennessee State Route 308
State Route 308 (SR 308) is a secondary state route located in northern Bradley County, Tennessee, that serves the city of Charleston. The route is 7.5 miles (12.1 km) long and is located entirely in Bradley County.

Bradley County, Tennessee
Bradley County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,620, making it the thirteenth most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Cleveland. It is named for Colonel Edward Bradley of Shelby County, Tennessee, who was colonel of Hale's Regiment in the American Revolution and the 15th Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteers in the War of 1812. Bradley County is included in the Cleveland, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Chattanooga-Cleveland-Dalton, TN-GA-AL Combined Statistical Area.
Pink Triangle Press
Pink Triangle Press is an independent, Canadian media organization specializing in LGBTQ2S+ journalism, television and online interactive media. Founded in 1971, Pink Triangle Press is one of the longest-publishing LGBTQ2S+ media groups in the world. Today, Pink Triangle Press publishes Xtra, an online magazine and community platform covering LGBTQ2S+ culture, politics and health. Pink Triangle Press also publishes a series of newsletters including Pink Ticket Travel and Wander+Lust. Pink Ticket Travel is a Queer travel newsletter featuring travel tips and guidelines for LGBTQ2S+ travelers. Wander+Lust is a newsletter featuring travel tips and tricks for gay and bi men, including insider recommendations and exclusive offers.

Xtra Magazine
Xtra Magazine (formerly Daily Xtra  and Xtra!) is an LGBTQ-focused digital publication and former print newspaper published by Pink Triangle Press in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The publication is a continuation of the company's former print titles Xtra!, Xtra Ottawa, and Xtra Vancouver, which were all discontinued in 2015.
William W. Warner
William W. Warner (April 2, 1920 – April 18, 2008) was an American biologist and writer. He was awarded the 1977 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction for his first book Beautiful Swimmers: Watermen, Crabs and the Chesapeake Bay, which was based on his experiences living and working among crab fishermen on the Chesapeake.

Warner was a 1943 graduate of Princeton University. During World War II, Warner served in the Pacific Theater of operations as an aerial photograph analyst with a Marine air group.

Beautiful Swimmers
Beautiful Swimmers: Watermen, Crabs and the Chesapeake Bay (1976) is a nonfiction book by William W. Warner about the Chesapeake Bay, blue crabs and watermen. The book takes its name from the generic name of the blue crab, Callinectes, which is Greek for "beautiful swimmer." It won the 1977 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. As of the time of the author’s death in 2008, the book had never been out of print.
Lansing Senators
The Lansing Senators were a long running minor league baseball team based in Lansing, Michigan. Between 1895 and 1941, the Lansing "Senators" teams played as members of the Michigan State League (1895, 1897, 1902), Southern Michigan League (1907–1914) and Central League (1921–1922) before a final Michigan State League season in 1941. The Senators won the Southern Michigan League pennant in 1910.

Lansing hosted home minor league games at multiple ballparks in their years of minor league play. Lansing played home games at Parshall Park (1895, 1897, 1902), Waverly Park (1906–1915), Community Park (1921–1922) and Municipal Park (1941).

Baseball Hall of Fame member Bud Fowler played for the 1895 Lansing Senators.

The 1941 Lansing Senators were the last minor league team hosted in Lansing prior to the Lansing Lugnuts beginning play in 1996.

Kalamazoo Celery Pickers
The Kalamazoo Celery Pickers were a minor league baseball team based in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Between 1887 and 1926, Kalamazoo teams played in six separate leagues, joining two leagues twice. Kalamazoo teams played as members of the Ohio State League (1887), Tri State League (1888), Michigan State League (1889, 1895, 1897), Southern Michigan League (1906–1914), Central League (1920-1922), Michigan-Ontario League (1923–1924), with a final season as members of both the Central League (1926) and Michigan State League (1926). The Kalamazoo teams played intermittently known as the "Kazoos" and "Celery Pickers" and three seasons known as the "White Sox." Kalamazoo teams won league championships in 1887, 1910, 1911 and 1926.

Kalamazoo hosted minor league home games at four ballparks: Wheaton Avenue Grounds (1895, 1897, 1902), North Street Park (1906–1915) Riverview Park (1906–1914) and Stationery Park (1920–1924, 1926)
John McAuliff
John Chilton McAuliff is an American politician who was elected member of the Virginia House of Delegates, from the 30th District, in 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he defeated incumbent Republican delegate Geary Higgins.

Geary Higgins
Geary Michael Higgins is an American Republican politician from Virginia. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in the 2023 Virginia House of Delegates election from the 30th district.  Prior to serving in the state legislature, he was a member of the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors.

He lost his 2025 re-election campaign to John McAuliff.
Bird's Custard
Bird's Custard is the brand name for the original powdered, egg-free imitation custard powder, now owned by Premier Foods.  Custard powder and instant custard powder are the generic product names for similar and competing products.  The product is a powder, based on cornflour, which thickens to form a custard-like sauce when mixed with milk and heated.

Premier Foods
Premier Foods plc is a British food manufacturer headquartered in St Albans, Hertfordshire. The group owns many well-known brands, including Mr Kipling, Ambrosia, Bird's Custard, Angel Delight, Homepride cooking sauces, Lyons, Sharwood's, Loyd Grossman sauces, Oxo, Bisto, Batchelors, Vesta meals and Plantastic. Premier Foods also produce cakes under the Cadbury's name, using the brand under licence. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Methyl fluorosulfonate
Methyl fluorosulfonate, also known as magic methyl, is the organic compound with the formula FSO2OCH3. It is a colorless liquid that is used as a strong methylating agent in organic synthesis.  Because of several fatal industrial accidents involving this compound, it has largely been replaced by the related reagent methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Surinamestraat 20, The Hague
52°5′23″N 4°18′27″E﻿ / ﻿52.08972°N 4.30750°E﻿ / 52.08972; 4.30750

Surinamestraat 20 in The Hague is the location of the house where the Dutch writer Louis Couperus wrote his novel Eline Vere. The father of Couperus, John Ricus Couperus (1816-1902) gave orders to build this house; he first sold his estate "Tjicoppo", which was located near Buitenzorg in the Dutch East Indies and then returned to the Netherlands, where he and his family moved into this house. John Ricus Couperus lived here until his death in 1902 and then the house was put up for sale.

John Ricus Couperus
John Ricus Couperus (1816 – 1902) was a Dutch lawyer, member of the Council of Justice in Padang, member of the High Military Court of the Dutch East Indies and the landheer of Tjikopo. He was also the father of the Dutch writer Louis Couperus and knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion.
Brno-střed
Brno-střed (lit. 'Brno-Center') is one of the 29 city districts of Brno, the second largest city in the Czech Republic. It consists of the cadastral territories of Brno-město (the historic center of the city), Staré Brno, Stránice, Štýřice and Veveří and parts of Černá Pole, Pisárky, Trnitá and Zábrdovice. The city district thus overlaps to a certain extent with the area of the city of Brno in the years 1850-1919. It has an area of 15 km2. The city district was established on November 24, 1990, its office is located in Brno-město. It has almost 70,000 inhabitants, also making it the most populated city district in Brno.

Most of the city district lies between the rivers Svratka and Svitava. For the purposes of the senate elections, Brno-střed is included in electoral district number 59 of Brno-City District.

Zábrdovice
Zábrdovice (German: Obrowitz) is a cadastral territory northeast of the center of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. It has an area of 1.64 km². Originally an independent village, it was annexed to Brno in 1850. Since November 24, 1990, the territory of Zábrdovice has been divided between the city districts of Brno-střed and Brno-Židenice, and since May 1, 1998, also between Brno-sever. Over 12,000 people live here.
Mike Mollo
Mike Mollo (born February 11, 1980) is an American former professional boxer. A fan favorite for his aggressive style in Chicago, Mollo is perhaps best known for his bouts with Polish fighters Art Binkowski, Artur Szpilka, Andrew Golota, and Krzysztof Zimnoch. He was managed by Darnell Nicholson.

Andrew Golota
Andrzej Jan Gołota (Polish: [ˈandʐɛj ɡɔˈwɔta]; born 5 January 1968), best known as Andrew Golara, is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2013. He challenged four times for a heavyweight world title (by all four major sanctioning bodies), and as an amateur won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1988 Olympics. Despite his accomplishments and more than 40 professional wins, Golota is perhaps best known for twice being disqualified against Riddick Bowe for repeated low blows in fights that Golota was winning. On October 4, 1997, he became the first Pole to challenge for a heavyweight boxing crown when he fought WBC champion Lennox Lewis at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City. He had a bout with Mike Tyson in 2000, which he first withdrew from, but afterward was ruled no-contest. In November 2016, Golota was inducted into the Illinois Boxing Hall of Fame.
Black Aria II
Black Aria II is the second solo album by Glenn Danzig, released in 2006 as a follow-up to his instrumental album Black Aria (1992). Despite being discussed in various interviews throughout the 1990s, the album was not released until October 17, 2006. It reached the top 10 on the American Billboard classical music chart, and, along with its predecessor, was reissued by Evilive/Cleopatra Records in July 2023.

Black Aria
Black Aria is an instrumental album composed by Glenn Danzig, the frontman of Danzig and previously of Samhain and the Misfits. His first album as a solo artist, it was released in 1992.

The mostly instrumental album is a departure from Danzig's earlier work in metal and punk rock, and debuted at number 1 on the American Billboard classical chart. The original release was on Glenn Danzig's own label, Plan 9 Records, and like his Misfits and Samhain releases, was distributed by Caroline Records. The album was reissued in 2000 on E-Magine Records, and a sequel followed on Evilive Records in 2006. A third reissue occurred, again on Danzig's Evilive label in conjunction with Cleopatra Records, in July 2023, along with Black Aria II.
Barvinkove
Barvinkove (Ukrainian: Барвінкове, IPA: [bɐrˈwʲinkowe] ⓘ; Russian: Барвинково, romanized: Barvinkovo) is a city in Izium Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Barvinkove urban hromada, one of the communities of Ukraine. Population: 7,840 (2022 estimate).

Izium Raion
Izium Raion (Ukrainian: Ізюмський район, romanized: Iziumskyi raion) is a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Izium. Population: 172,120 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Izium Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions – Balakliia, Barvinkove, and Borova Raions – and the city of Izium, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Izium Raion.

The pre-reform January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 16,416 (2020 est.).
Hall, Bishop's Tawton
Hall is a large estate within the parish and former manor of Bishop's Tawton, Devon. It was for several centuries the seat of a younger branch of the prominent and ancient North Devon family of Chichester of Raleigh, near Barnstaple. The mansion house is situated about 2 miles south-east of the village of Bishop's Tawton and 4 miles south-east of Barnstaple, and sits on a south facing slope of the valley of the River Taw, overlooking the river towards the village of Atherington. The house and about 2,500 acres of surrounding land continues today to be owned and occupied by descendants, via a female line, of the Chichester family. The present Grade II* listed neo-Jacobean house was built by Robert Chichester between 1844 and 1847 and replaced an earlier building. Near the house to the south at the crossroads of Herner the Chichester family erected in the 1880s a private chapel of ease which contains mediaeval woodwork saved from the demolished Old Guildhall in Barnstaple.

Manor of Raleigh, Pilton
The historic manor of Raleigh, near Barnstaple and in the parish of Pilton, North Devon, England, was the first recorded home in the 14th century of the influential Chichester family of Devon. It was recorded in Domesday Book of 1086 together with three other manors that lay within the later-created parish of Pilton. The manor lies above the River Yeo on the southern slope of the hill on top of which stand the ruins of the Anglo-Saxon hillfort called Roborough Castle. Part of the historic manor of Raleigh is now the site of the North Devon District Hospital.

Pilton as a borough had existed long before the Norman Conquest and was one of the most important defensive towns in Devon under the Anglo-Saxons; it is now a northern suburb of Barnstaple. On modern maps, an area of the Yeo valley on the eastern edge of Pilton is marked as Raleigh.
Kutchan, Hokkaido
Kutchan (倶知安町, Kutchan-chō) is a town located in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. Kutchan lies slightly north of the volcano Mount Yōtei, and is approximately 50 kilometers west of Sapporo. The subprefecture government offices are located in this town, making it the capital of the subprefecture.

As of April 30, 2017, the town has an estimated population of 15,573 and a population density of 60 persons per km². The total area is 261.24 km2 (100.87 sq mi).

Throughout Hokkaido, Kutchan is known for its proximity to the world famous Niseko powder snow region and for its production of quality potatoes and potato products. Among these products, Kutchan is most famous for manufacturing gosetsu-udon, a Japanese noodle made from potato flour. Jagata-kun, the skiing potato that is the cartoon mascot of Kutchan, indicates Kutchan's two most celebrated aspects. Jagata-kun roughly translates as, "little, fat potato boy".

Niseko, Hokkaido
Niseko (Japanese: ニセコ町, Niseko-chō, [ɲ̟iseko tɕoː]) is a town located in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. Niseko as a resort area refers to the Niseko tourism zone (ニセコ観光圏), which consists of the three towns of Kutchan, Niseko, and Rankoshi at the foot of Niseko Annupuri.

The name Niseko is derived from the Nisekoanbetsu River (ニセコアンベツ川), meaning "river toward the cliff" in the Ainu language.

The Niseko town's main income sources are agriculture and tourism. The resort itself, Niseko United, is part of the Mountain Collective. Moreover, the town is renowned for its quality powder snow and world-class facilities, including traditional onsen and restaurants.