hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Westleigh railway station
Westleigh or West Leigh was a station in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England on the Bolton and Leigh Railway line. Westleigh was situated within the historic county of Lancashire. Its station opened in 1831 and closed in 1954.

Bolton and Leigh Railway
The Bolton and Leigh Railway (B&LR) was the first public railway in Lancashire. It opened for goods on 1 August 1828, and thus preceded the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) by two years. Passengers were carried from 1831. The railway operated independently until 1845 when it became part of the Grand Junction Railway.
Daylesford railway station
Daylesford is a railway station that services the town of Daylesford, Victoria, Australia. Daylesford Station is a substantial brick building used by the Daylesford Spa Country Railway, and the station yard consists of a number of tracks which are used to store heritage rollingstock. A goods shed is also located at the station.

Opened on Wednesday, 17 March 1880, it was closed on Monday, 3 July 1978. During the mid to late 1980s the line reopened for tourist services, gangers trolleys conveyed passengers on short trips to the Wombat State Forest about halfway between Daylesford and Musk. On 15 September 1990 railmotor services were restored between Daylesford and Musk for the first time in 13 years.

Daylesford, Victoria
Daylesford is a town located in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range, within the Shire of Hepburn, Victoria, Australia, approximately 114 kilometres north-west of Melbourne. First established in 1852 as a gold mining town, Daylesford had a population of 2,781 at the 2021 census.

As one of Australia's few spa towns, Daylesford is a notable tourist destination. The town's numerous spas, restaurants and galleries are popular alongside the many gardens and country-house-conversion styled bed and breakfasts.

The broader area around the town, including Hepburn Springs to the north, is known for its natural spring mineral spas and is the location of over 80 per cent of Australia's effervescent mineral water reserve.

It is also the filming location for the third season of The Saddle Club, the twenty first season of The Block and scenes from the 2004 film Love's Brother.
Action of 21 April 1806
The action of 21 April 1806 was a minor engagement between the French and British navies off the Cape Colony during the Napoleonic Wars. The Isle Bonaparte and Isle de France were two French colonies in the Indian Ocean, from which privateers and frigate squadrons could engage in commerce raiding and disrupt British shipping. After encountering a strongly escorted British convoy, the 40-gun Cannonière attempted to flee, but was rejoined by the 74-gun HMS Tremendous. In the ensuing battle, Captain Bourayne displayed superior sailmanship and managed to fend off his much stronger opponent by a combination of manoeuvers that rendered the batteries of Tremendous ineffective, and threatened her with sustaining raking fire. The French frigate thus managed to evade and escape.

French frigate Minerve (1794)
Minerve was a 40-gun Minerve-class frigate of the French Navy. The British captured her twice and the French recaptured her once. She therefore served under four names before being broken up in 1814:

Minerve, 1794–1795

HMS Minerve, 1795–1803

Canonnière, 1803–1810

HMS Confiance, 1810–1814
Socialist Campaign Group
The Socialist Campaign Group (Welsh: Grŵp Ymgyrch Sosialaidd), also simply known as the Campaign Group, is a UK parliamentary caucus of the Labour Party including Members of Parliament in the House of Commons. The group also includes some MPs who formerly represented Labour in Parliament but have had the whip withdrawn or been expelled from the party.

The group was formed in 1982 following the 1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election when a number of soft left MPs, led by Neil Kinnock, refused to back Tony Benn's campaign, leading a number of left-wing Benn-supporting MPs to split from the Tribune Group to form the Campaign Group. It was at a meeting of the Campaign Group in 2015 that the decision was taken that Jeremy Corbyn would contest for the leadership of the Labour Party. The Campaign Group maintains close links with Momentum.

Soft left
The soft left, also known as the open left, inside left and historically as the Tribunite left, is a faction within the British Labour Party. The term "soft left" was coined to distinguish the mainstream left, represented by former leader Michael Foot, from the hard left, represented by Tony Benn. People belonging to the soft left may be called soft leftists or Tribunites. As of 2025, it is the largest faction in the Parliamentary Labour Party.
Carașova
Carașova (Croatian: Karaševo; Hungarian: Krassóvár) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Romania. It is known especially for its geographical placement and for the origin of its Croatian inhabitants, the Krashovani. The population of the commune numbered 3,110 people at the 2011 census.

Krashovani
The Krashovani (Romanian: Carașoveni, Croatian: Krašovani) are a Croat community inhabiting Carașova and Lupac in the Caraș-Severin County within Romanian Banat. They are Catholic by faith and speak a Torlakian dialect.
Arzashkun
Arzashkun or Arṣashkun was the capital of the early kingdom of Urartu in the 9th century BC, before Sarduri I moved it to Tushpa in 832 BC. Arzashkun had double walls and towers, but was captured by Shalmaneser III in the 850s BC.

Urartu
Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, the southern regions of Georgia, and western regions of Azerbaijan. Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East. Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered, either by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC or by Cyrus the Great in the middle of the 6th century BC. Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.
Andrew Krepinevich
Andrew Francis Krepinevich Jr. (born 13 February 1950) is a defense policy analyst who is a distinguished senior fellow at (and former longtime president of) the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.

Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, non-profit, Washington, D.C.–based think tank specializing in US defense policy, force planning, and budgets. It is headed by Thomas Mahnken. CSBA's stated mission is "to develop innovative, resource-informed defense concepts, promote public debate, and spur action to advance U.S. and allied interests."

CSBA emphasizes initiatives the United States and its allies can take to wisely invest in the future, including during periods of fiscal austerity and uncertainty. CSBA evaluates its policy proposals through the net assessment methodology, wargaming, and by estimated impact on the Department of Defense budget over multiple Future Years Defense Programs.
Brunost
Brunost (lit. 'brown cheese') is a common Norwegian name for mysost (lit. 'whey cheese'; Danish: myseost; Swedish: mesost; Finnish: mesjuusto; Icelandic: mysuostur/mysingur), a family of soft cheese-related foods made with whey, milk, and/or cream. The characteristic brown color and sweet taste result from milk sugars being caramelized after boiling. The term brunost is often used to refer to fløtemysost or Gudbrandsdalsost ('Gudbrandsdal cheese'), which are the most popular varieties.

Brunost is primarily produced in Norway and is popular there, and has spread to South Korea. It is regarded as one of Norway's most iconic foodstuffs, and is considered an important part of the country's gastronomical and cultural identity and heritage.

Whey
Whey, also known as milk serum, is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a byproduct of the manufacturing of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses. Sweet whey is a byproduct of the making of rennet types of hard cheese, like cheddar or Swiss cheese. Acid whey (also known as sour whey) is a byproduct of the making of acidic dairy products such as strained yogurt.

Whey proteins consist of β-lactoglobulin (48%–58%), α-lactalbumin (13%–19%), Glycomacropeptide (12%–20%), bovine serum albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulins and several minor whey proteins.
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric
The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (FLRW; /ˈfriːdmən ləˈmɛtrə ... /) is a metric that describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding (or otherwise, contracting) universe that is path-connected, but not necessarily simply connected. The general form of the metric follows from the geometric properties of homogeneity and isotropy. Depending on geographical or historical preferences, the set of the four scientists – Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard P. Robertson, and Arthur Geoffrey Walker – is variously grouped as Friedmann, Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW), Robertson–Walker (RW), or Friedmann–Lemaître (FL).  When combined with Einstein's field equations, the metric gives the Friedmann equation, which has been developed into the Standard Model of modern cosmology and further developed into the Lambda-CDM model.

Friedmann equations
The Friedmann equations, also known as the Friedmann–Lemaître (FL) equations, are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern cosmic expansion in homogeneous and isotropic models of the universe within the context of general relativity. They were first derived by Alexander Friedmann in 1922 from Einstein's field equations of gravitation for the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric and a perfect fluid with a given mass density ρ and pressure p. The equations for negative spatial curvature were given by Friedmann in 1924.
The physical models built on the Friedmann equations are called FRW or FLRW models and form the Standard Model of modern cosmology, although such a description is also associated with the further developed Lambda-CDM model. The FLRW model was developed independently by the named authors in the 1920s and 1930s.
Lucky Cannon
Jonathon David Emminger (born November 8, 1983) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring names Johnny Prime and Lucky Cannon. He is best known for his appearances for WWE, where he performed on the second and fifth seasons of NXT, while also working in the promotion's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), where he held the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship.

Michael Tarver
Tyrone Evans (born March 8, 1977) is an American professional wrestler and rapper known as Michael Tarver. He is best known for his time with WWE where he appeared on the first season of WWE NXT and later debuted as a member of the faction The Nexus. After he left WWE in 2011, he wrestled for the National Wrestling Alliance and made a few appearances for New Japan Pro-Wrestling and Chikara.
Heidi Gardner
Heidi Lynn Gardner (born July 27, 1983) is an American actress, comedian, and writer. She was a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live for eight seasons from season 43 in 2017 until she was cut from the show after season 50 in 2025. She was promoted to repertory status on the show in 2019.

Saturday Night Live season 50
The fiftieth season of the American sketch comedy late night television program Saturday Night Live (also branded Saturday Night Live 50 and SNL50: The Anniversary Season) premiered on September 28, 2024 on NBC and Peacock,  with host Jean Smart and musical guest Jelly Roll, and concluded on May 17, 2025 with host Scarlett Johansson and musical guest Bad Bunny. In addition to the standard episodes hosted by celebrity guests and featuring musical acts, the series also had several months of acknowledgements, leading to a three-hour celebratory 50th anniversary special retrospective, which aired on February 16, 2025.
The Sun Also Rises (1984 film)
The Sun Also Rises is a 1984 television miniseries adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's 1926 novel The Sun Also Rises. Hart Bochner, Jane Seymour, Robert Carradine, Ian Charleson and Leonard Nimoy have starring roles. It aired on NBC on Sunday, December 9, and Monday, December 10, from 9–11 pm.

The Sun Also Rises (1957 film)
The Sun Also Rises is a 1957 American drama film adaptation of the 1926 Ernest Hemingway novel of the same name directed by Henry King. The screenplay was written by Peter Viertel and it starred Tyrone Power, Ava Gardner, Mel Ferrer, and Errol Flynn. Much of it was filmed on location in France and Spain as well as Mexico in Cinemascope and color by Deluxe. A highlight of the film is the famous "running of the bulls" in Pamplona, Spain and two bullfights.
Counts of Andechs
The House of Andechs was a feudal line of German princes in the 12th and 13th centuries. The counts of Dießen-Andechs (1100 to 1180) obtained territories in northern Dalmatia on the Adriatic seacoast, where they became Margraves of Istria and ultimately dukes of a short-lived imperial state named Merania from 1180 to 1248. They were also self-styled lords of Carniola.

March of Istria
The March of Istria, or the Margraviate of Istria (German: Markgrafschaft Istrien) was a historical frontier county, or march centered on the Istrian peninsula. It was established after the Carolingian conquest at the end of the 8th century, and continued to exist in various territorial scopes and administrative forms within the Holy Roman Empire, consequently becoming integrated into the Austrian Kingdom of Illyria, and the Austrian Littoral. In time it lost its most western (coastal) regions, that became part of the Venetian Istria, while the Istrian frontier county, or march was reduced to central and eastern parts of the Istrian peninsula. Those regions were reintegrated after 1797, and the reunited Istrian march was finally abolished in 1918.
Tanalís Padilla
Tanalís Padilla (born in Mexico City) is a Mexican-American Latin Americanist professor and historian specializing in 20th-century Mexican social and political movements. She is currently employed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is the author of Rural Resistance in the Land of Zapata (2008) and Unintended Lessons of Revolution (2021).

Rural Resistance in the Land of Zapata
Rural Resistance in the Land of Zapata: The Jaramillista Movement and the Myth of the Pax Priísta, 1940–1962 (2008) is a non-fiction book by Latin Americanist historian Tanalís Padilla. It was published by Duke University Press.

The book covers leftist militant Rubén Jaramillo, follower of Emiliano Zapata, under the Institutional Revolutionary Party's (PRI) one-party state. Dissatisfied by the PRI's poor adherence the ideals of the Mexican Revolution, principally land reform, Jaramillo raised a movement.
Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano
Thomas Francis of Savoy, Prince of Carignano (Italian: Tommaso Francesco di Savoia, Principe di Carignano; French: Thomas François de Savoie, Prince de Carignan; 21 December 1596 – 22 January 1656) was a military commander and member of the House of Savoy. He was the founder of the Carignano branch of the House of Savoy, which reigned as kings of Piedmont–Sardinia from 1831 to 1861, and as kings of Italy from 1861 until the dynasty's deposition in 1946.

Louis, Count of Soissons
Louis de Bourbon, Comte de Soissons (May 1604 – 6 July 1641) was the son of Charles de Bourbon, Count of Soissons and his wife, Anne de Montafié, Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. A second cousin of Louis XIII he was a prince du Sang, those considered part of the royal family. Part of the faction who opposed Cardinal Richelieu and his policy of war with Spain, he was killed leading a revolt at the Battle of La Marfée in 1641.
Erysimum nevadense
Erysimum nevadense is a perennial short-lived herb endemic to the Sierra Nevada of Spain, although there are some citations in the nearby Sierra de Gádor (Almería). This wallflower occurs between 1,700 and 2,700 m above sea level in subalpine scrublands and alpine meadows. It may be treated as a narrowly circumscribed single species, one of a group or complex of six separate species, or as a more broadly circumscribed species with six subspecies.

Erysimum rondae
Erysimum rondae is a biennial or short-lived perennial plant native to southwestern Spain. It has been treated as one of a complex of six species making up the nevadense group, or as Erysimum nevadense subsp. rondae.
Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Peveril William-Powlett
Vice-Admiral Sir Peveril Barton Reiby Wallop William-Powlett, KCB, KCMG, CBE, DSO (5 March 1898 – 10 November 1985) was a Royal Navy officer who served as Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic Station from 1952 to 1954.

Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic
The Commander-in-Chief South Atlantic was an operational commander of the Royal Navy from 1939. The South American area was added to his responsibilities in 1960, and the post disestablished in 1967.

Immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, the designation of Commander-in-Chief, Africa was changed to Commander-in-Chief South Atlantic, '..and the Admiral transferred his flag from Simonstown to Freetown, Sierra Leone, and assumed general naval control over British movements in the whole of the South Atlantic Ocean. At the same time, the South American Division of the America and West Indies Station, comprising the cruisers Exeter and Ajax, was transferred to the new South Atlantic Station.' It was sometimes referred to as the South Atlantic Station.
Negros Trench
The Negros Trench is an oceanic trench located northeast of the Sulu Trench and west of Negros Island Region in Visayas, the trench is located in the Sunda Plate in the southwestern region of the Pacific Ocean. The depth of the Negros Trench is unknown, in contrast it's neighboring trench the Sulu Trench has a depth of 5,600. During the Early-Miocine, the Sunda Plate  subducted below the Philippine Mobile Belt, which would later form the Negros Trench.

Sulu Trench
The Sulu Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, located west of the islands of Mindanao and Sulu in the Philippines. The trench reaches a depth of about 5,600 metres (18,400 ft), in contrast with the average depth of the South China Sea of about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). The trench formed when the Sunda Plate (part of the Eurasian Plate) subducted below the Philippine Mobile Belt. The convergent boundary terminates at the Negros Trench in the east.

The Sulu Trench is not associated with frequent earthquakes, but hosts volcanoes south of the trench, such as Mount Malindang.
Ian Bradley
Ian Campbell Bradley (born 28 May 1950) is a British author, broadcaster and retired academic.

He is Emeritus Professor of Cultural and Spiritual History at the University of St Andrews, where he was Principal of St Mary's College, the Faculty and School of Divinity, and honorary Church of Scotland Chaplain.

The author of 40 books, Bradley has written widely on cultural and spiritual matters, including Celtic Christianity, the Victorian era, Gilbert and Sullivan, religious music, musical theatre, and the spirituality of water, spas and pilgrimage.

St Mary's College, St Andrews
St Mary's College, founded as New College or College of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is the home of the Faculty and School of Divinity within the University of St Andrews, in Fife, Scotland.
AZM (wrestler)
AZM, shortened from Azumi (あずみ; born October 1, 2002), is a Japanese professional wrestler, signed to World Wonder Ring Stardom where she is a member of the Neo Genesis faction. She also makes appearances for Stardom's sister promotion New Japan Pro-Wrestling under its Strong banner, where she is a former Strong Women's Champion.

She was previously a member of the Queen's Quest faction and its third, and assumed de facto, leader until Utami Hayashishita took over the group. She was in the faction for a total of seven years, having joined in February 2017 when she was brought in by Io Shirai until getting exiled in June 2024 after she took the fall in an elimination tag match against Oedo Tai.

Hazuki (wrestler)
Reo Hazuki (葉月レオ, Hazuki Reo; born September 29, 1997), better known by her ring name Hazuki, is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working for the World Wonder Ring Stardom promotion. She also appears for Stardom's partners Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre and Spark Joshi Puroresu of America, being the current CMLL Japanese Women's Champion and Spark Joshi World Champion.

In Stardom, Hazuki is a former four-time Artist of Stardom Champion, three-time Goddesses of Stardom Champion and one-time High Speed Champion. Hazuki was also one of the winners of the 2021 Goddesses of Stardom Tag League.
Shin-Kiba Station
Shin-Kiba Station (新木場駅, Shin-kiba-eki) is a railway station in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan, operated jointly by Tokyo Metro, East Japan Railway Company (JR East), and Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR).

Rinkai Line
The Rinkai Line (Japanese: りんかい線, Hepburn: Rinkai-sen) is a railway line in Tokyo, Japan. It is the only line operated by the third-sector company Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit. It connects central Tokyo to the artificial islands of Aomi and Odaiba. The line is served by some trains on the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) Saikyō Line which continue on to Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, Ōmiya, and Kawagoe.
Pak Jae-gyong
Pak Jae-gyong (Korean: 박재경; born 10 June 1933) is a North Korean politician and soldier. A general in the Korean People's Army (KPA), Pak is a Vice Minister in the Ministry of People's Armed Forces as well as a full member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). Pak is also a delegate of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly (SPA). On the death of Kim Shin-jo on 9 April 2025, he became the only living survivor of 31-member commando unit, known as Unit 124, that was sent to assassinate South Korean president Park Chung Hee in the ultimately unsuccessful Blue House raid in 1968.

2009 North Korean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 8 March 2009 to elect the members of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly. They were originally scheduled to be held in August 2008 but were postponed for unknown reasons. Observers of North Korea speculated that it was in relation to Kim Jong Il's ill health.

All candidates standing in the elections in North Korea were members of one of the parties comprising the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland. A single candidate, approved by the North-Korean leadership, ran in each of the 687 districts, thereby guaranteeing a full victory by the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland, regardless of voter turnout. Kim Jong Il, the de facto leader of North Korea and the Chairman of the National Defence Commission, ran for election in Constituency 333.