hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Studentized residual
In statistics, a studentized residual is the dimensionless ratio resulting from the division of a residual by an estimate of its standard deviation, both expressed in the same units. It is a form of a Student's t-statistic, with the estimate of error varying between points.

This is an important technique in the detection of outliers. It is among several named in honor of William Sealey Gosset, who wrote under the pseudonym "Student" (e.g., Student's distribution). Dividing a statistic by a sample standard deviation is called studentizing, in analogy with standardizing and normalizing.

William Sealy Gosset
William Sealy Gosset (13 June 1876 – 16 October 1937) was an English statistician, chemist and brewer who worked for Guinness. In statistics, he pioneered small-sample experimental design. Gosset published under the pen name Student and developed Student's t-distribution – originally called Student's "z" – and "Student's test of statistical significance".
Casual game
A casual game is a video game targeted at a mass market audience, as opposed to a hardcore game, which is targeted at hobbyist gamers. Casual games may exhibit any type of gameplay and genre. They generally involve simpler rules, shorter sessions, and require less learned skill. They do not expect familiarity with a standard set of mechanics, controls, and tropes.

Countless casual games have been developed and published, alongside hardcore games, across the history of video games.  A concerted effort to capitalize on casual games grew in the 1990s and 2000s, as many developers and publishers branded themselves as casual game companies, publishing games especially for PCs, web browsers, and smartphones.

Gamer
A gamer is someone who plays interactive games, either video games, tabletop role-playing games, skill-based card games, or any combination thereof, and who often plays for extended periods of time. Originally a hobby, gaming has evolved into a profession for some, with some gamers routinely competing in games for money, prizes, or awards. In some countries, such as the US, UK, and Australia, the term "gaming" can refer to legalized gambling, which can take both traditional and digital forms, such as through online gambling. There are many different gamer communities around the world. Since the advent of the Internet, many communities take the form of Internet forums or YouTube or Twitch virtual communities, as well as in-person social clubs. In 2021, there were an estimated 3.24 billion gamers across the globe.
@onefive
@onefive (Japanese: ワンファイブ, Hepburn: Wanfaibu) is a Japanese girl group consisting of Kano Fujihira, Soyoka Yoshida, Tsugumi Aritomo, and Momoe Mori. It was formed in 2019, when all the members were 15 years old. In addition to music, they have been involved in modeling, acting, and other activities while focusing on their "Japanese Classy Crush" concept. The members actively participate in the group's creative aspects. They are represented by the talent agency Amuse Inc. and are signed with the record label Avex Trax.

Tsugumi Aritomo
Tsugumi Aritomo (有友 緒心, Aritomo Tsugumi; born September 7, 2004) is a Japanese singer, dancer, model, and actress. She is best known as a member of the girl group @onefive, and is a former member of the idol group Sakura Gakuin. She is represented by the talent agency Amuse Inc. and is signed with the record label Avex Trax.
Omnium
An omnium (from Latin omnium: of all, belonging to all) is a multiple race event in track cycling. Historically, the omnium has had a variety of formats.
Starting in 2017, the omnium has consisted of four events: scratch race, tempo race, elimination race and points race. In the case of the para omnium in para-track cycling, introduced in 2020, the four events are Flying 200m, Time trial (1 km or 500 m), Individual pursuit and Scratch race.
In recent years, road racing has also adopted the term to describe multi-day races that feature the three primary road race events (time trial, mass start and criterium).

Elimination race
Elimination races or "snap-dragon" races in bicycle racing are a form of race wherein during the course of the race, certain participants are eliminated through various criteria. The most common types of elimination races are the miss and out and the win and out.

The omnium event has an elimination race. In 2015 at the 2015 UEC European Track Championships, an elimination race was contested for the first time as a full standalone event at an international championship. It has been a separate event at the World Championships since 2021.
Jughead: The Hunger
Jughead: The Hunger is an ongoing comic book series published by Archie Horror and Archie's Madhouse, imprints of Archie Comics, beginning in 2017. The story, which takes place outside of the main Archie Comics continuity, focuses on Jughead Jones and his family's dark legacy to explain the sinister origin of his hunger. The one-shot "pilot" was created by writer Frank Tieri and artist Michael Walsh.

In 2019, the series crossed over with fellow Archie Horror staple, Vampironica, in the limited-run comic book series, Jughead: The Hunger vs. Vampironica.

Jughead: The Hunger vs. Vampironica
Jughead: The Hunger vs. Vampironica was a 5-issue comic book miniseries published by Archie Horror, an imprint of Archie Comics, in 2019. It was a crossover between the Archie Horror comic book series Jughead: The Hunger and Vampironica. The story, which took place in an alternate reality from the main Archie Comics continuity, follows the werewolf Jughead Jones and vampiress Veronica Lodge, the protagonists of their respective series, as they faced off against one another. The series was created by writer Frank Tieri and artists Pat & Tim Kennedy, who previously worked together on Jughead: The Hunger.
Barren Ground (novel)
Barren Ground is a 1925 novel by Ellen Glasgow giving an account of 30 years in the life of a woman in rural Virginia. Dorinda Oakley is an intelligent, independent and vibrant young lady who is trying find herself and her purpose in life by moving to New York after a love disillusion.

Ellen Glasgow
Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow (April 22, 1873 – November 21, 1945) was an American novelist who won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1942 for her novel In This Our Life. She published 20 novels, as well as short stories, to critical acclaim. A lifelong Virginian, Glasgow portrayed the changing world of the contemporary South in a realistic manner, differing from the idealistic escapism that characterized Southern literature after Reconstruction.
Three Faces of Fear
The Three Faces of Fear was a professional wrestling stable in World Championship Wrestling, from late 1994 to early 1995. Composed of Kevin Sullivan, The Butcher and Avalanche, the group fought against Hulk Hogan.

Brutus Beefcake
Edward Harrison Leslie (born April 21, 1957) is a retired American professional wrestler, best known for his work in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) under the ring name Brutus "the Barber" Beefcake. He later worked for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under a wide variety of names.

Leslie held nine titles throughout his career, and is a former WWF World Tag Team Champion with Greg Valentine. He also competed for major singles titles on pay-per-view and television, headlining Starrcade 1994, in a match against then-WCW World Heavyweight Champion Hulk Hogan. Leslie was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2019 by Hogan.

The career of Leslie is highlighted on the 44th episode (fifth season and fourth episode) of the Dark Side of the Ring.
Walter (2020 film)
Walter is a 2020 Indian Tamil-language crime thriller film written and directed by U. Anbarasan and produced by Shruthi Thilak. The film stars Sibi Sathyaraj,  Natty, Samuthirakani, Riythvika, Sanam Shetty, Munishkanth and Shirin Kanchwala. The principal photography of the film commenced in June 2019, and the film was released on 13 March 2020.

Natty Subramaniam
Natarajan "Natty" Subramaniam (/nətti/ born 23 June 1971) is an Indian cinematographer and actor who works in  Hindi and Tamil films. As an actor, he achieved recognition through his performance as a con artist in Sathuranga Vettai (2014).
Seal of the Confessional (Lutheran Church)
The Seal of the Confessional is a Christian doctrine which affirms the special protection and privilege of the words spoken during confession between a penitent (church member) and his or her pastor. A form of this principle exists in the doctrine and practice of many modern Lutheran churches.

Confession (Lutheran Church)
In the Lutheran Church, Confession (also called Holy Absolution) is the sacrament given by Christ to the Church by which individual men and women may receive the forgiveness of sins. According to the Large Catechism, the third sacrament of Holy Absolution is related to Holy Baptism.

In the Lutheran Churches, the Office of the Keys exercised through confession and absolution is the "authority which Christ has given to His Church on earth: to forgive the sins of the penitent sinners, but to retain the sins of the impenitent as long as they do not repent."
Taney Parish
The Parish of Taney (Irish: Teach Naithí) is a populous parish in the Church of Ireland, located in the Dundrum area of Dublin. Taney is also a civil parish of the same name, in the barony of Dublin and the barony of Rathdown.

Dundrum, Dublin
Dundrum (Irish: Dún Droma, meaning 'the ridge fort'), originally a village in its own right, is an outer suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Dundrum is located in the local authority area of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council and the postal districts of Dublin 14 and Dublin 16. The area is home to the Dundrum Town Centre, the largest shopping centre in Ireland.
Herbert Musgrave Phipson
Herbert Musgrave Phipson (c. 1850 – 7 August 1936), was a British wine merchant and naturalist who lived in Bombay (now Mumbai), India, from 1878 to 1905.  As the honorary secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society, editor of its Journal, and manager of the Society's business and outreach activities, he played an important role in establishing the journal's reputation as the foremost natural history journal in Asia; he also influenced public science policy in the Bombay Presidency. His efforts saw fruition in the establishment of the Natural Sciences section of the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India.  Phipson, who was married to the pioneering physician Edith Pechey-Phipson, co-founded, with his wife, the Pechey Phipson Sanitarium for Women and Children in Nasik, India.

Walter Samuel Millard
Walter Samuel Millard (1864–1952) was a British entrepreneur and naturalist who was honorary secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society, editor of the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society from 1906 to 1920, co-author (with Ethelbert Blatter) of the classic, Some Beautiful Indian Trees, and the driving force behind the Mammal Survey of the Indian subcontinent conducted by the society between 1911 and 1923.
Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Brown titi monkey
The brown titi monkey (Plecturocebus brunneus) is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is endemic to Brazil. It was originally described as Callicebus brunneus in 1842 and transferred to the newly erected genus Plecturocebus in 2016.

Titi monkey
The titis, or titi monkeys, are New World monkeys of the subfamily Callicebinae, which contains three extant genera: Cheracebus, Callicebus, and Plecturocebus. This subfamily also contains the extinct genera Miocallicebus, Homunculus, and Carlocebus.

Titi monkeys live in South America, from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, east through Brazil, and south to Bolivia and northern Paraguay.
Awapuni railway station
Awapuni railway station was a station in Kairanga County, on the Foxton Branch and, from 1908, the North Island Main Trunk in New Zealand, now in the Palmerston North suburb of Awapuni. It was beside the Mangaone Stream, near its confluence with the Kawau Stream, about 400 m (440 yd) west of Maxwells Line on the north side of Pioneer Highway. Nothing remains of the former station, except a wide verge, partly occupied by a cycleway, built in 2015.

Awapuni, Palmerston North
Awapuni is a suburb of Palmerston North, Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand. It is located south west of Palmerston North Central. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "blocked-up river" for Awapuni. A memorial to the New Zealand Army Medical Corps is located at the Awapuni Racecourse.

Te Hotu Manawa Marae and its Tūturu Pumau meeting house are located in Awapuni. It is a tribal meeting ground for the Rangitāne hapū of Ngāti Kapuārangi, Ngāti Rangiaranaki, Ngāti Rangitepaia, Ngāti Hineaute and Ngāti Tauira.
Al Wahat District
Al Wahat or The Oases (Arabic: الواحات Al Wāḥāt, English: The Oases), occasionally spelt Al Wahad or Al Wahah (English: The Oasis) is one of the districts of Libya. Its capital and largest city is Ajdabiya. The district is home to much of Libya's petroleum extraction economic activity.

Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya (/ˌɑːdʒdəˈbiːə/ AHJ-də-BEE-ə; Arabic: أجدابيا, romanized: Aǧdābiyā) is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya. It is some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Benghazi. From 2001 to 2007 it was part of and capital of the Ajdabiya District.  The town is divided into three Basic People's Congresses: North Ajdabiya, West Ajdabiya and East Ajdabiya.

During the Libyan Civil War, the city changed hands several times between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces, with the anti-Gaddafi forces finally securing the town in April 2011.  As many civilians had fled the fighting, one March 2011 report described the city as a "ghost town."

Later, during the Second Libyan Civil War, the city was seized by the Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council until it was taken over by the Libyan National Army on 21 February 2016.
2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of current electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election. These differed from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee.

The party's nominee was chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention on May 26 in Washington, D.C. Chase Oliver was chosen as the party's nominee in the seventh round of voting.

Chase Oliver
Chase Russell Oliver (born August 16, 1985) is an American political activist and politician who was the nominee of the Libertarian Party for the 2024 United States presidential election. Oliver finished fifth in the popular vote with 0.4% and 650,126 votes. Oliver was the Libertarian candidate for the 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia and the 2020 Georgia's 5th congressional district special election. The Gazette described him as a "pro-gun, pro-police reform, pro-choice Libertarian" who is "armed and gay"
.

In Georgia's 2022 Senate election, Oliver received over 2% of the popular vote. Supporters of both major parties characterized him as a spoiler candidate who forced Raphael Warnock into a run-off against Herschel Walker, which Warnock narrowly won.

He is the 2026 gubernatorial nominee for the Libertarian Party of Georgia.
St. Ivan Rilski Col
St. Ivan Rilski Col (Rid Sv. Ivan Rilski \'rid sve-'ti i-'van 'ril-ski\) is an ice-covered col linking the Great Needle Peak (Falsa Aguja Peak) and Levski Peak in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

The feature is 1.4 km long, its axis trending east-west, with precipitous southern slopes. It has a slightly higher eastern portion of elevation 1,386 m from which Kardam Buttress is projecting northwards. It is part of the divide between the glacial catchments of Huron Glacier to the north and the head of Macy Glacier to the south.

The col is named after Sveti Ivan Rilski (St. John of Rila) (876-946 AD), a Bulgarian hermit who founded the Rila Monastery.

Great Needle Peak
Great Needle Peak (Bulgarian: Голям Иглен връх, romanized: Golyam Iglen vrah, IPA: [ɡoˈʎam ˈiɡlɛn ˈvrɤx]; variant name in Spanish: pico Falsa Aguja, lit. 'False Needle Peak') is the summit of the central Levski Ridge in Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island, Antarctica.  Rising to 1,679.5 m, it is the third highest peak of both the mountains and the island after Mount Friesland (1700.2 m) and St. Boris Peak (1685 m). Great Needle Peak surmounts Huron Glacier and its tributary draining Devnya Valley to the north, Magura Glacier to the east, Srebarna Glacier to the south, and Macy Glacier to the southwest.
Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine
John William, Elector Palatine (Jan Wellem in Low German, English: John William; 19 April 1658 – 8 June 1716) of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Elector Palatine (1690–1716), Duke of Neuburg (1690–1716), Duke of Jülich and Berg (1679–1716), and Duke of Upper Palatinate and Cham (1707–1714). From 1697 onwards Johann Wilhelm was also Count of Megen.

Duchy of Jülich
The Duchy of Jülich (German: Herzogtum Jülich; Dutch: Hertogdom Gulik; French: Duché de Juliers) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay west of the Rhine river and was bordered by the Electorate of Cologne to the east and the Duchy of Limburg to the west. It had territories on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital Jülich – the former Roman Iuliacum – in the lower Rhineland. The duchy amalgamated with the County of Berg beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also became known as Jülich-Berg.  Later it became part of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.

Its territory lies in present-day Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and in the present-day Netherlands (part of the Limburg province), its population sharing the same Limburgish dialect.
Ur (rune)
Ur is the recorded name for the rune ᚢ in both Old English and Old Norse, found as the second rune in all futharks (runic alphabets starting with F, U, Þ, Ą, R, K), i.e. the Germanic Elder Futhark, the Anglo-Frisian Futhark and the Norse Younger Futhark, with continued use in the later medieval runes, early modern runes and Dalecarlian runes.

It corresponds to the letter u in the Latin alphabet, but also carries other sound values, especially in Younger Futhark, where its sound values correspond to the vowels: [u] ⓘ, [ø] ⓘ, [y] ⓘ and [œ] ⓘ etc., and the consonants: [v] ⓘ and [w] ⓘ etc., in the Latin alphabet.

Medieval runes
The medieval runes, or the futhork, was a Scandinavian runic alphabet that evolved from the Younger Futhark after the introduction of stung (or dotted) runes at the end of the Viking Age. These stung runes were regular runes with the addition of either a dot diacritic or bar diacritic to indicate that the rune stood for one of its secondary sounds (so an i rune could become an e rune or a j rune when stung). The medieval futhork was fully formed in the early 13th century. Due to the expansion of its character inventory, it was essentially possible to have each character in an inscription correspond to only one phoneme, something which was virtually impossible in Younger Futhark with its small inventory of 16 runes.

Medieval runes were in use throughout Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, and provided the basis for runology beginning in the 16th century.
Johnstown Tomahawks
The Johnstown Tomahawks are a Tier II junior ice hockey team in the North American Hockey League's East Division. The team plays its home games at the 1st Summit Bank Arena at Cambria County War Memorial in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.  It is the oldest extant franchise in the NAHL.

Cambria County War Memorial Arena
The Cambria County War Memorial Arena is a 4,001-seat multi-purpose arena in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, United States. It is managed by SMG Entertainment.

It was built in 1950, for the Johnstown Jets of the Eastern Hockey League.  The arena was built on the site of the Union Cemetery, Johnstown's first cemetery. The film Slap Shot, based on the Jets, was filmed in this arena. The arena was the home of the Johnstown Chiefs (ice hockey) for 22 years, but they were relocated in 2010 to Greenville, South Carolina. A banner was hung at the final home game on April 4, 2010, stating "The Greatest Fans in Hockey." It was the alternate venue of the Wheeling Nailers for the following two seasons.

The arena is home to the Johnstown Tomahawks of the NAHL and the Pitt-Johnstown Ice Cats of the College Hockey East.
Kool Moe Dee (album)
Kool Moe Dee is the debut solo album by the American rapper Kool Moe Dee from the Treacherous Three. It was released in 1986 on Jive Records and produced by Teddy Riley, Bryan "Chuck" New, LaVaba Mallison, Pete Q. Harris, Robert Wells, and Kool Moe Dee.

The album peaked at number 83 on the Billboard 200, number 20 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and sold over 300,000 copies. The record spawned four singles: "Go See the Doctor", "Rock Steady", "Dumb Dick (Richard)" and "Do You Know What Time It Is?", with only the first reaching music charts, peaking at number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 82 on the UK Singles Chart. Kool Moe Dee was released on compact disc in 1989.

Kool Moe Dee
Mohandas Dewese (born August 8, 1962), better known by his stage name Kool Moe Dee, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor and college graduate from SUNY Old Westbury with a BA in Communications. He is a Grammy-winning artist and two-time nominee.  Considered one of the forerunners of the New Jack Swing sound in hip hop, he gained fame in the 1980s as a member of one of the pioneering groups in hip hop music, the Treacherous Three, and for his later solo career. During his career he released a total of seven studio albums (five of them solo), with 1994's Interlude being the last to date.

His fast and aggressive rap style influenced following rap figures such as Big Daddy Kane, Beastie Boys, KRS-One, Rakim, Will Smith, N.W.A, Tupac Shakur, Nas, Jay-Z, among others. Among his most famous songs are "Go See the Doctor", "Wild Wild West" and "How Ya Like Me Now".

Kool Moe Dee was ranked No. 33 on About.com's list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987–2007).