hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mori Ranmaru
Mori Ranmaru (森 蘭丸; Japanese pronunciation: [mo.ɾʲi (|) ɾam.ma.ɾɯ], 1565 – June 21, 1582), also known as Mori Naritoshi (森 成利), was a samurai retainer to the Oda clan. He was son of Mori Yoshinari, and had 5 brothers in total, from the province of Mino. He was a member of the Mori Clan, descendants of the Seiwa Genji.

Mori Yoshinari
Mori Yoshinari (森 可成; 1523 – October 19, 1570) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period and the head of the Mori clan (Genji) family, who served the Saitō clan. The Saitō were the lords of Mino province. Later, he became a retainer of Oda Nobunaga.
Henderson, New Zealand
Henderson is a suburb of West Auckland, New Zealand. It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of Auckland city centre, and two kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Whau River, a southwestern arm of the Waitematā Harbour.

Henderson initially developed around the mill of Thomas Henderson and was known as Henderson's Mill. As it expanded it became known as just Henderson and later it became an independent borough. As part of the 1989 local government reforms it became the centre of Waitakere City until Waitakere City was amalgamated to form the new Auckland Council.

Waitakere City
Waitakere City was a territorial authority in West Auckland, New Zealand; it was governed by the Waitakere City Council from 1989 to 2010. It was New Zealand's fifth-largest city, with an annual growth of about 2%. In 2010 the council was amalgamated with the other authorities of the Auckland Region to form the current Auckland Council.

The name "Waitakere" comes from the Waitākere River in the Waitākere Ranges.
Cisco IOS
The Internetworking Operating System (IOS) is a family of proprietary network operating systems used on several router and network switch models manufactured by Cisco Systems. The system is a package of routing, switching, internetworking, and telecommunications functions integrated into a multitasking operating system. Although the IOS code base includes a cooperative multitasking kernel, most IOS features have been ported to other kernels, such as Linux and QNX, for use in Cisco products.

Not all Cisco networking products run IOS. Exceptions include some Cisco Catalyst switches, which run IOS XE, and Cisco ASR routers, which run either IOS XE or IOS XR; both are Linux-based operating systems. For data center environments, Cisco Nexus switches (Ethernet) and Cisco MDS switches (Fibre Channel) both run Cisco NX-OS, also a Linux-based operating system.

Cisco NX-OS
NX-OS is a network operating system for the Nexus-series Ethernet switches and MDS-series Fibre Channel storage area network switches made by Cisco Systems.  It evolved from the Cisco operating system SAN-OS, originally developed for its MDS switches. Cisco is responsible for its development and maintenance.

The command-line interface of NX-OS is similar to that of Cisco IOS.
Let's Go Brandon
"Let's Go Brandon" is a political slogan and Internet meme used as a euphemism for the phrase "Fuck Joe Biden" in reference to former U.S. president Joe Biden.

Chants of "Fuck Joe Biden" began during sporting events in early September 2021. On October 2, 2021, during a televised interview with the Sparks 300 race winner Brandon Brown at Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Alabama, NBC Sports reporter Kelli Stavast incorrectly interpreted the chant in the background as "Let's Go Brandon", which sparked the meme. The slogan has become well-known through use by Republican Party politicians and critics of Biden. The phrase quickly spread to popular culture, with rap songs using the phrase placing high on record charts.

2021 Sparks 300
The 2021 Sparks 300 was a NASCAR Xfinity Series race  held on October 2, 2021, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama. Contested over 107 laps—shortened from 113 laps due to darkness, on the 2.66 mi (4.28 km) asphalt superspeedway, it was the 28th race of the 2021 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, the second race of the Playoffs, and the second race of the Round of 12. After "The Big One" occurred late, Brandon Brown was determined as the leader at the time of caution. The race was then called due to darkness, leading to his first career Xfinity series victory.

After the race, Brown unwittingly became associated with politics when NBC Sports reporter Kelli Stavast's misstating of a crowd chant led to "Let's Go Brandon" becoming a political slogan used against U.S. President Joe Biden.
Thomas Kihlström
Thomas Kihlström (born 11 December 1948) is a Swedish retired badminton player known for his agility and tactical astuteness. Though an impressive singles player early in his career, his greatest successes came in men's doubles in partnership with Bengt Fröman and Stefan Karlsson and in mixed doubles with a variety of partners.

Bengt Fröman
Bengt Fröman is a retired male badminton player of Sweden noted for his doubles play. He won the prestigious All-England men's doubles title in 1976 and the bronze medal at the 1977 World Championships in men's doubles both in partnership with Thomas Kihlström.
Charles I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
Charles I Gonzaga (Italian: Carlo I Gonzaga; 6 May 1580 – 22 September 1637) was Duke of Mantua and Duke of Montferrat from 1627 until his death. He was also Charles III as Duke of Nevers and Rethel, as well as Prince of Arche and Charleville.

Counts and dukes of Rethel
The first rulers of Rethel might have governed under the Abbey of Saint-Remi and later independently, before the county passed first to the counts of Nevers, then to the counts of Flanders, and finally to the dukes of Burgundy. In 1405 the county became part of the peerage of France, and in 1581 it was elevated to a duchy. In 1663 it became the Duchy of Mazarin.

The county was active in the crusades. King Baldwin II of Jerusalem was the brother of Count Gervais and Countess Matilda of Rethel, while Beatrice of Rethel married Leo I, Prince of Armenia.
Army of the Rhine (1870)
The Army of the Rhine (French: Armée du Rhin) was a French military unit that fought in the Franco-Prussian War. It was created after the declaration of war on July 18 1870.

The unit participated in combats in Lorraine, then divided to form a second army, the Army of Châlons.

The Army of the Rhine surrendered on 27 October at the Siege of Metz.

Army of Châlons
The Army of Châlons (French: Armée de Châlons) was a French military formation that fought during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Formed in the camp of Châlons on August 17, 1870, from elements of the Army of the Rhine which the formation was issued from, the Army of Châlons was engaged in combats of Beaumont and Sedan while disappearing during the capitulation of September 2, 1870.
Dania Hall (Minneapolis)
Dania Hall was a cultural center and performing arts space in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood of Minneapolis. Completed in 1886, the building was destroyed by an accidental fire in 2000 at the outset of an extensive renovation project.

Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis
Cedar-Riverside, also referred to as the West Bank, or simply Riverside, is a neighborhood within Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are the Mississippi River to the north and east, Interstate 94 to the south, and Hiawatha Avenue and Interstate 35W to the west. It has a longstanding tradition of cultural diversity and settlement, with a robust arts tradition.
Hypericum matudae
Hypericum matudae is a species of flowering plant of the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae. It is a shrub that grows about 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) tall, has small and crowded branches, and has pink or white petals. Described in 1944 and named for botanist Eizi Matuda, the species was at one point named Thornea matudae because of its placement in the small genus Thornea. It was returned to Hypericum when Thornea was demoted to sectional status in 2016. Native to Nicaragua and Mexico, the species is found on shale and sandstone in the cloud forest ecosystem.

Hypericum sect. Thornea
Hypericum sect. Thornea is a small section of flowering plants in the genus Hypericum. It was formerly treated as a separate genus, Thornea. There are two species in the section, Hypericum calcicola and Hypericum matudae.
Gammoid
In matroid theory, a field within mathematics, a gammoid is a certain kind of matroid, describing sets of vertices that can be reached by vertex-disjoint paths in a directed graph.

The concept of a gammoid was introduced and shown to be a matroid by Hazel Perfect (1968), based on considerations related to Menger's theorem characterizing the obstacles to the existence of systems of disjoint paths. Gammoids were given their name by Pym (1969) and studied in more detail by Mason (1972).

Matroid
In combinatorics, a matroid /ˈmeɪtrɔɪd/ is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats. In the language of partially ordered sets, a finite simple matroid is equivalent to a geometric lattice.

Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction of various notions of central importance in these fields. Matroids have found applications in geometry, topology, combinatorial optimization, network theory, and coding theory.
Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The Virginia Slims World Championship Series (its sponsored name) or WTA World Championship Series (its tour name) was the women's top tier tennis tour administered by the Women's Tennis Association that was first founded in 1970 as the Virginia Slims Series of events that were then part of ILTF World Circuit. It eventually became the basis for the later WTA Tour. The players, dubbed the Original 9, rebelled against the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) because of the wide inequality between the amount of prize money paid to male tennis players and to female tennis players. In 1971 it was rebranded as the Virginia Slims Circuit until 1978 and was a rival tour to the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix until 1976. In 1979 it was branded as the Avon Championship Circuit until 1981. In 1982 it was merged with the Toyota International Series as a single women's tennis tour and rebranded under its last title name until 1989. In 1990 it was succeeded by the WTA World Tour.

ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit
The ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit was one of the worldwide top-tier tennis tours for women founded in 1971 as the ILTF Women's Grand Prix. It was administered by International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). It was formed by taking the top premier events from the earlier ILTF World Circuit, and was a rival tour to the Virginia Slims Circuit. In 1976 its last remaining ten events were absorbed into a new women's tour called the Colgate International Series circuit (eventually becoming the Toyota International Series circuit).
Banger racing
Banger racing is a type of motorsport event in which automobiles, traditionally derelict or totalled classic cars from scrapyards, are raced on oval, tri-oval, or figure-eight race tracks over several laps. The distinguishing feature of banger racing is that it permits and encourages contact between the participating vehicles, with the intent being to damage them over the course of the race.

Banger racing is similar to British stock car racing and demolition derbies, and is popular in the United Kingdom (where it originated in the 1960s), Ireland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It is also known for being divisive among car enthusiasts regarding the motorsport's poor treatment of rare classic cars, the rare unchecked use of stolen vehicles at race events, and the dangers of crashing old cars with minimal safety features.

Figure 8 racing
Figure 8 racing is a type of stock car racing in which automobiles race on an "8"-shaped track that purposely intersects itself, increasing the risk of collisions. Such contact between the participating vehicles, or at least the risk of such an occurrence, is an intentional part of the sport, with the intent being to damage them over the course of the race.

Figure 8 racing is most common and popular in the United States and Canada, and can be seen as the North American equivalent to the European motorsport of banger racing, which also uses modified derelict older-model cars in races where vehicle damage is an integral feature.
Enamel organ
The enamel organ, also known as the dental organ, is a cellular aggregation seen in a developing tooth and it lies above the dental papilla. The enamel organ which is differentiated from the primitive oral epithelium lining the stomodeum. The enamel organ is responsible for the formation of enamel, initiation of dentine formation, establishment of the shape of a tooth's crown, and establishment of the dentoenamel junction.

The enamel organ has four layers; the inner enamel epithelium, outer enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium, and the stellate reticulum.

The dental papilla, the differentiated ectomesenchyme deep to the enamel organ, will produce dentin and the dental pulp. The surrounding ectomesenchyme tissue, the dental follicle, is the primitive cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone beneath the tooth root. The site where the internal enamel epithelium and external enamel epithelium coalesce is the cervical root, important in proliferation of the dental root.

Human tooth development
Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth. For human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, all parts of the tooth must develop during appropriate stages of fetal development. Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth week of prenatal development, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all, resulting in hypodontia or anodontia.

A significant amount of research has focused on determining the processes that initiate tooth development. It is widely accepted that there is a factor within the tissues of the first pharyngeal arch that is necessary for the development of teeth.
Stretch receptor
Stretch receptors are mechanoreceptors responsive to distention of various organs and muscles, and are neurologically linked to the medulla in the brain stem via afferent nerve fibers.  Examples include stretch receptors in the arm and leg muscles and tendons, in the heart, in the colon wall, and in the lungs.

Stretch receptors are also found around the carotid artery, where they monitor blood pressure and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland.

Types include:

Golgi organ

Muscle spindle, sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, which primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle

Pulmonary stretch receptors, mechanoreceptors found in the lungs

Chordotonal organ, in insects

Mechanoreceptor
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A mechanoreceptor, also called mechanoceptor, is a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. Mechanoreceptors are located on sensory neurons that convert mechanical pressure into electrical signals that, in animals, are sent to the central nervous system.
Combined forced and natural convection
In fluid thermodynamics, combined forced convection and natural convection, or mixed convection, occurs when natural convection and forced convection mechanisms act together to transfer heat. This is also defined as situations where both pressure forces and buoyant forces interact. How much each form of convection contributes to the heat transfer is largely determined by the flow, temperature, geometry, and orientation. The nature of the fluid is also influential, since the Grashof number increases in a fluid as temperature increases, but is maximized at some point for a gas.

Grashof number
In fluid mechanics (especially fluid thermodynamics), the Grashof number (Gr, after Franz Grashof) is a dimensionless number which approximates the ratio of the buoyancy to viscous forces acting on a fluid. It frequently arises in the study of situations involving natural convection and is analogous to the Reynolds number (Re).
Mouna Raagam (Tamil TV series)
Mouna Raagam (transl. Silent Symphony) is an Indian Tamil-language musical drama series that premiered on 24 April 2017 on Star Vijay and ended on 17 March 2023, and digitally streams on Disney+ Hotstar. The show is produced by actress Chippy Renjith under Global Villagers. The series has two seasons, with the first season of the story starring the seven-year-old Sakthi (Krithika Khelge), who is born with a talent. It is the official remake of the Bengali language series Potol Kumar Gaanwala.

Its first season stars B Krithika Iyer and Sherin Farhana with Rajeev Parameshwar, Chippy Renjith and Shamitha Shreekumar After a 12-year leap, it continues as Mouna Raagam 2, stars Raveena Daha and Shilpa Nair with Rajeev Parameshwar, Chippy Renjith and Anusree Chembakassery additionally with Salmanul Faris and Rahul Ramachandran.

Mouna Raagam 2
Mouna Raagam 2 (transl. Silent Symphony 2) is a 2021 Indian drama television series that premiered on Star Vijay and streams on Disney+ Hotstar. It was produced by Avanthika Creations, starring Salmanul Faris, Raveena Daha, Rahul Ramachandran and Shilpa in lead roles. It is the sequel to Mouna Raagam. It premiered on 1 February 2021 and ended on 17 March 2023 with 517 episodes.
Ezzonids
The Ezzonids (German: Ezzonen, French: Ezzonides) were a dynasty of Lotharingian stock dating back as far as the ninth century. They attained prominence only in the eleventh century, through marriage with the Ottonian dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. Named after Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1015 to 1034, they dominated the politics of the middle and lower Rhine and usually represented the royal interests. Under the Salian Emperors, they even briefly held the dukedoms of Swabia, Carinthia, and Bavaria.

Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia
Ezzo (c. 955 – 21 March 1034), sometimes called Ehrenfried, a member of the Ezzonid dynasty, was Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1015 until his death. As brother-in-law of Emperor Otto III, father of Queen Richeza of Poland and several other illustrious children, he was one of the most important figures of the Rhenish history of his time.
Crimson Records
Crimson Records was an American reissue independent record label founded by Jerry Greene in the early 1960s, and was a sister label of Lost Nite Records.  Disc jockey Jerry Blavat was a co-owner of the label until the late 1960s.  The label was known for releasing rare and hard-to-find doo-wop and R&B records.  During its existence, Crimson released two LPs and approximately 18 singles.  The most popular single released by the label was "Expressway to Your Heart" by The Soul Survivors.

Lost Nite Records
Lost Nite Records was an American reissue independent record label, that was founded by Al Trommers, Jerry Greene, Jared Weinstein and Johnny Esposito in 1959 when they acquired the masters of "There's a Moon Out Tonight" by the Capris from Planet Records and rereleased it on Lost Nite in 1960.
Tunku Dhiauddin ibn Sultan Zainal Rashid I
Tunku Dhiauddin ibni Sultan Zainal Rashid I (1835 – 25 May 1909) or better known as Tengku Kudin (Jawi: تڠكو كودين) was a prince of the Sultanate of Kedah. He was born in Penang in 1835.

He is said to have been influenced by the European way of life and received a semi-European education. His grandfather was Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II and his elder brother was Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah.

He was appointed as the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Kedah during the reign of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin III but was removed from office due to his involvement in the Klang War, the Selangor Civil War.

He was appointed by Sultan Abdul Samad as the Viceroy (Wakil Yamtuan) of the Selangor government on 26 June 1868 after he married the Princess of Sultan Abdul Samad, Raja Arfah II.

Klang War
The Klang War or Selangor Civil War was a series of conflicts that lasted from 1866 to 1874 in the Malay state of Selangor in the Malay Peninsula (modern-day Malaysia).

It was initially fought between Raja Abdullah, the administrator of the Klang Valley, and Raja Mahadi. It was joined by Tengku Kudin (Tengku Dhiauddin, also spelt Ziauddin), a Kedahan prince, as well as other Malay and Chinese factions. The war was eventually won by Tengku Kudin and Abdullah's son, Raja Ismail.
Jagdgeschwader 301
Jagdgeschwader 301 (JG 301) was a Luftwaffe fighter-wing of World War II. The order to form JG 301 was issued on 26 September 1943 and formed on 1 October 1943 in Neubiberg with Stab and three Gruppen (groups) as a "Wilde Sau" (wild boar) single-seat night fighter unit.

The Geschwader was equipped with the Bf 109G and was reorganised with four Staffeln per Gruppe. Jagdgeschwader 50, a specialist anti-Mosquito unit, was disbanded in October 1943 and absorbed into I./JG 301. II./JG 301 was redesignated as II./JG 302 on 30 September 1944 and replaced by I./JG 302. II./JG 7 was attached to IV./JG 301 on 24 November 1944 and disbanded on 19 January 1945.

Jagdgeschwader 50
Jagdgeschwader 50 (JG 50), sometimes erroneously referred to as Jagdgruppe 50, was formed at Wiesbaden-Erbenheim Airfield in early June 1943 as Jagdgruppe Süd. It only controlled two augmented Staffeln (squadrons). It was a specialized unit with the primary objective to combat the United States Army Air Forces' heavy bomber formations as well as intercepting the Royal Air Force's de Havilland Mosquito light bombers during World War II. The Geschwader was equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109, some of them equipped with the under-wing WGr 21 rocket-propelled mortar, as well as a special high-altitude variant.
Gingerol
Gingerol ([6]-gingerol) is a phenolic phytochemical compound found in fresh ginger that activates  heat receptors on the tongue. It is normally found as a pungent yellow oil in the ginger rhizome, but can also form a low-melting crystalline solid. This chemical compound is found in all members of the Zingiberaceae family and is high in concentrations in the grains of paradise as well as an African Ginger species.

Cooking ginger transforms gingerol via a reverse aldol reaction into zingerone, which is less pungent and has a spicy-sweet aroma. When ginger is dried or mildly heated, gingerol undergoes a dehydration reaction forming shogaols, which are about twice as pungent as gingerol. This is why dried ginger is more pungent than fresh ginger.

Ginger also contains [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol, and [12]-gingerol, collectively deemed gingerols.

Zingerone
Zingerone, also called vanillylacetone, is a major flavor component of ginger, providing the sweet flavor of cooked ginger. Zingerone is a crystalline solid that is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in ether.

Zingerone is similar in chemical structure to other flavor chemicals such as vanillin and eugenol. It is used as a flavor additive in spice oils and in perfumery to introduce spicy aromas.

Fresh ginger does not contain zingerone, but it is produced by cooking or drying of the ginger root, which causes a reverse aldol reaction on gingerol.