hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bahawalpur Division
Bahawalpur Division (Punjabi: بہاولپور ڈویژن; Urdu: بہاول پور ڈویژن) is an administrative division of the Punjab Province, Pakistan. The reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government but division system was restored again in 2008.

Divisions of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan contains four provinces, two administrative territories of the Kashmir region and a capital territory. The provinces and administrative territories are subdivided into 37 divisions. These divisions are further subdivided into districts, tehsils, and finally union councils. The divisions were abolished in 2000, but restored in 2008.

These divisions do not include the Islamabad Capital Territory. The formerly Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which were counted at the same level as provinces, have been subsumed into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and allocated to neighbouring divisions therein in 2018.
Reading West (UK Parliament constituency)
Reading West was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Its area was transferred to the new constituencies of Earley and Woodley (Whitley ward), Reading Central (Battle, Minster and Southcote wards), and Reading West and Mid Berkshire (all other wards). These constituencies were first contested at the 2024 general election.

Reading North
Reading North was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The constituency covered an area in and around the town of Reading in the county of Berkshire.
Higashi, Shibuya
Higashi (東) is a residential district of the Shibuya ward in Tokyo surrounded by the residential areas of Hiroo, Ebisu, Daikanyama and Aoyama. Prince Hitachi and Princess Hitachi have their official residence in a palace in large gardens off Komazawadori in Higashi.

The main campus of the Kokugakuin University is in Higashi. All literature, economics, law and Shinto studies students populate the Shibuya campus. At the end of January, 2006, it was decided that the name of the main building, which was recently developed, would be Wakagi Tower (若木タワー, Wakagi Tawā).

Shibuya Station and Ebisu Station serve as the nearest rail stations. There are bus services from Shibuya and Ebisu, serving the educational campuses in Higashi and the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center in Hiroo.

Masahito, Prince Hitachi
Masahito, Prince Hitachi (常陸宮正仁親王, Hitachi-no-miya Masahito Shinnō; born 28 November 1935) is a member of the Imperial House of Japan, the younger brother of Emperor emeritus Akihito and the paternal uncle of Emperor Naruhito. He is the second son and sixth born child of Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kōjun and is third and last in line to the Chrysanthemum Throne. He is mainly known for philanthropic activities and his research on the causes of cancer.
Caucasian Front (militant group)
The Caucasian Front (Russian: Кавказский фронт), also known as Caucasus Front or the Caucasian Mujahideen,  established in May 2005 as an Islamic structural unit of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria's armed forces by the decree of the fourth president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Abdul-Halim Sadulayev. In September 2006, Ali Taziev was appointed as the emir and commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Front by Dokka Umarov. The group eventually reorganized as "Vilayat Nokhchicho" in 2007 and became a part of the Caucasus Emirate.

Ali Taziev
Ali Musaevich Taziev (Russian: Али Мусаевич Тазиев, Ingush: Тазинаькъан Мусай Ӏаьла, romanized: Tazinäqhan Musæj Hälæ), also known as Akhmed Yevloev (Russian: Ахмед Евлоев; Ingush: Йовлой Ахьмад, romanized: Jovloj Æx́mad), Magomet Yevloyev, and Emir Magas; born 19 August 1974) is the former leader of both the Ingushetia-based Ingush Jamaat and as the military wing of the Caucasus Emirate. On 30 September 2006, Taziev was appointed to the post of commander of the Caucasian Front by the orders of Dokka Umarov. In July 2007, one year after Shamil Basayev's death, Taziev became his official successor as the most high-ranking military commander in the rebel forces. He is believed to be personally responsible for the death of several local high-ranking security officials.
Philaretos Brachamios
Philaretos Brachamios  (Greek: Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος; Armenian: Փիլարտոս Վահրամ Վարաժնունի, romanized: Pilartos Vahram Varajnuni; Latin: Philaretus Brachamius) was a distinguished Byzantine general and warlord of Armenian heritage. He was for a time the ruler of a quasi-independent state that refused to recognise Emperor Michael VII. Philaretos is attested on seals as taxiarches (commander of an infantry regiment), as well as protospatharios and topoteretes (deputy commander) of the Tagmata of Cappadocia, then as magistros and doux (duke), and finally as kouropalates and doux.

Michael VII Doukas
Michael VII Doukas or Ducas (Greek: Μιχαήλ Δούκας, romanized: Mikhaḗl Doúkās), nicknamed Parapinakes (Greek: Παραπινάκης, romanized: Parapinákes, lit. 'minus a quarter', a reference to the devaluation of the Byzantine currency under his rule), was the senior Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078. He was known as incompetent as an emperor and reliant on court officials, especially of his finance minister Nikephoritzes, who increased taxation and luxury spending while not properly financing their army (which later mutinied). Under his reign, Bari was lost and his empire faced open revolt in the Balkans. Along with the advancing Seljuk Turks in the eastern front, Michael also had to contend with his mercenaries openly turning against the empire. Michael stepped down as emperor in 1078 and later retired to a monastery.
Paul Coker
Paul Coker Jr. (March 5, 1929 – July 23, 2022) was an American illustrator. He worked in many media, including Mad, character design for a majority of Rankin/Bass TV specials, greeting cards, and advertising.

Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment
Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment (founded and formerly known as Videocraft International, Ltd. and Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc.) was an American production company located in New York City.  It was known for its seasonal television specials, usually done in stop motion animation. Rankin/Bass's stop-motion productions are recognizable by their visual style of doll-like characters with spheroid body parts.

Nearly all of the studio's animation was outsourced to Japanese animation companies, such as Toei Animation, MOM Production, Mushi Productions and Topcraft. Rankin/Bass was one of the first Western studios to outsource their low-budget animated television and film productions to animation studios in foreign countries; the others that already practiced animation outsourcing include Total Television and King Features Syndicate TV in New York City; and Hanna-Barbera and Jay Ward Productions in Los Angeles, California.
Another Life (Mark Stoermer album)
Another Life is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter and The Killers bassist Mark Stoermer, which was released on November 1, 2011, as a free download via markstoermer.com, and on CD and vinyl on January 24, 2012. It was also released on iTunes the same day along with two bonus tracks. The album was self-released on St. August Records.

Stoermer recorded the album in early 2011 with the help of Glenn Moule and Joel Stein from Howling Bells and Jason Hill from Louis XIV. The album was mixed by Robert Root and mastered by Bob Ludwig.

Mark Stoermer
Mark August Stoermer (born June 28, 1977) is an American musician. He is best known as the bassist for the rock band the Killers, with whom he has recorded six studio albums.

In addition to his work with the Killers, Stoermer has released three solo albums, Another Life in 2011, Dark Arts in 2016, and Filthy Apes and Lions in 2017. Stoermer also joined the Smashing Pumpkins to tour in support of the band's ninth studio album, Monuments to an Elegy (2014), and produced Howling Bells' third studio album The Loudest Engine (2011).
Christiana Mall
Christiana Mall is a shopping mall located in Christiana, Delaware between the cities of Newark and Wilmington. The one-level, enclosed super-regional mall is situated at the intersection of Interstate 95 (exit 4A) and Delaware Route 1/Delaware Route 7 (DE 1 exit 164) near the center of the Northeast megalopolis.

Christiana Mall has four anchor stores - Nordstrom, Macy's, JCPenney, and Target - along with Barnes & Noble as a junior anchor and Cabela's and Cinemark Theatres as outparcels. The mall contains 179 shops, and is owned and managed by GGP, a subsidiary of Brookfield Properties. It has 1,267,241 square feet (117,731 m2) of gross leasable area. Christiana Mall is the largest shopping mall in the state of Delaware. The Christiana Mall is located nearly 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Center City, Philadelphia. Due to the lack of sales tax in Delaware, the mall attracts numerous shoppers from neighboring states.

Christiana, Delaware
Christiana is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States, located on the Christina River, 12 miles southwest of  Wilmington. It is home to the Christiana Hospital and the Christiana Mall and is the location of the northern terminus of Delaware Route 1 at an interchange with Interstate 95. Despite sharing a name with Christiana Hundred, the community of Christiana is located in White Clay Creek Hundred.
Hydnellum ferrugineum
Hydnellum ferrugineum, commonly known as the mealy tooth or the reddish-brown corky spine fungus, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. A widely distributed species, it is found in north Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The fungus fruits on the ground singly or in clusters in conifer forest, usually in poor (low nutrient) or sandy soil. Fruit bodies are somewhat top-shaped, measuring 3–10 cm (1–4 in) in diameter. Their velvety surfaces, initially white to pink, sometimes exude drops of red liquid. The lower surface of the fruit body features white to reddish-brown spines up to 6 mm long. Mature fruit bodies become dark reddish brown in color, and are then difficult to distinguish from other similar Hydnellum species. H. ferrugineum forms a mat of mycelia in the humus and upper soil where it grows. The presence of the fungus changes the characteristics of the soil, making it more podzolized.

Hydnoid fungi
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Hydnum ("hydnoid" means Hydnum-like), but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related.
The Rumperbutts
The Rumperbutts is a 2015 American musical comedy written and directed by Marc Brener, starring Kori Gardner and Jason Hammel of the indie pop duo Mates of State, as well as Vanessa Ray, Josh Brener and Arian Moayed. Marc Brener and Dena Hysell, of Rumpus Room Productions, are the producers of the film. The film is distributed by Mance Media and was released theatrically on May 22, 2015. The film was also released in HD and 4K Ultra HD formats.

Mates of State
Mates of State are an American indie pop duo, active since 1997.  The group is the husband-and-wife team of Kori Gardner (born June 16, 1974) (vocals, organ, synthesizer, piano, electric piano, and occasional guitar and drums) and Jason Hammel (born February 1, 1976) (vocals, drums, percussion, and occasional synthesizer).

As of 2015, the duo has  released four EPs and seven full-length albums. Their most recent album, Mountaintops, was released on September 13, 2011.
Temesvár District
Temesvár District (contemporary German: District von Temesvár or Temesvárer District; Kreis Temesvár or Temesvárer Kreis from 1854) was one of five administrative districts of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar  (a crown land within the Austrian Empire), existing from 1851 to 1860. The original German term was Districte, (modern spelling Distrikte), and was changed to Kreise, lit. 'circles', in 1854 . Its administrative centre was Temesvár (Romanian: Timișoara, German: Temeswar or Temeschwar), which was also the capital of the crown land. Following the 1854 reform, Temesvár itself was directly subject to the crown land, and so separate from the district, while still acting as its capital.

Lugos District
Lugos District (contemporary German: District von Lugos; Kreis Lugos or Lugoser Kreis from 1854) was one of five administrative districts (originally Districte, modern spelling Distrikte; Kreise, lit. 'circles', from 1854) of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar (a crown land within the Austrian Empire) from 1851 to 1860. Its administrative centre was Lugos (Romanian: Lugoj, German: Lugosch).
Dormouse
A dormouse is a rodent of the family Gliridae (this family is also variously called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by different taxonomists). Dormice are nocturnal animals found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. They are named for their long, dormant hibernation period of six months or longer. There are 9 genera and 28 living species of dormice, with half of living species belonging to the African genus Graphiurus.

Graphiurus
The African dormice (genus Graphiurus) are dormice that live throughout sub-Saharan Africa in a variety of habitats. They are very agile climbers and have bushy tails. They primarily eat invertebrates, with other components of their diet including small vertebrates,  fruit, nuts and eggs. They represent the most diverse living genus of dormice, making up half of all living species.
The Skeptics Society
The Skeptics Society is a nonprofit, member-supported organization devoted to promoting scientific skepticism and resisting the spread of pseudoscience, superstition, and irrational beliefs. The Skeptics Society was co-founded by Michael Shermer and Pat Linse as a Los Angeles-area skeptical group to replace the defunct Southern California Skeptics. After the success of its Skeptic magazine, introduced in early 1992, it became a national and then international organization. Their stated mission "is the investigation of science and pseudoscience controversies, and the promotion of critical thinking."

Skeptic (American magazine)
Skeptic, colloquially known as Skeptic magazine, is a quarterly science education and science advocacy magazine published internationally by The Skeptics Society, a nonprofit organization devoted to promoting scientific skepticism and resisting the spread of pseudoscience, superstition, and irrational beliefs. First published in 1992, the magazine had a circulation of over 40,000 subscribers in 2000.
Bhubaneswar–SMVT Bengaluru Weekly Superfast Express
Bhubaneswar–SMVT Bengaluru Weekly Superfast Express is a Superfast train belonging to East Coast Railway zone that runs between Bhubaneswar and Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal, Bengaluru in India. It is currently being operated with 12845/12846 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Bhubaneswar railway station
Bhubaneswar Railway Station (BBS) serves Bhubaneswar, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha and it is the headquarters of the East Coast Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It comes under (NSG2) railway stations category of India.
Diocese of Abancay
The Diocese of Abancay is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Peru. It was erected on April 28, 1958 from the territory of the Archdiocese of Cuzco with Alcides Mendoza Castro being made its first bishop. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province to the metropolitan Archdiocese of Cuzco.

Gilberto Gómez González has been the bishop of the diocese since 2009.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco
13°30′59″S 71°58′41″W﻿ / ﻿13.516276°S 71.977926°W﻿ / -13.516276; -71.977926

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cusco (Latin: Cuschen(sis)) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese with see in the city and old Inca imperial capital of Cusco, in Peru.

Its Cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin. It also has a Marian Minor basilica: Basílica Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes.
H-matrix (iterative method)
In mathematics, an H-matrix is a matrix whose comparison matrix is an M-matrix. It is useful in iterative methods.

Definition: Let A = (aij) be a n × n complex matrix. Then comparison matrix M(A) of complex matrix A is defined as M(A) = αij where αij = −|Aij| for all i ≠ j, 1 ≤ i,j ≤ n and αij = |Aij| for all i = j, 1 ≤ i,j ≤ n. If M(A) is a M-matrix, A is a H-matrix.

Invertible H-matrix guarantees convergence of Gauss–Seidel iterative methods.

M-matrix
In mathematics, especially linear algebra, an M-matrix is a matrix whose off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero (i.e., it is a Z-matrix) and whose eigenvalues have nonnegative real parts. The set of non-singular M-matrices are a subset of the class of P-matrices, and also of the class of inverse-positive matrices (i.e. matrices with inverses belonging to the class of positive matrices). The name M-matrix was seemingly originally chosen by Alexander Ostrowski in reference to Hermann Minkowski, who proved that if a Z-matrix has all of its row sums positive, then the determinant of that matrix is positive.
Department of the Storekeeper-General of the Navy
The Department of the Storekeeper-General of the Navy was initially the Navy Office department responsible for the storing and supply of naval stores to the Royal Navy established in 1829. In 1832 the Navy Board and subsequently Navy Office was abolished, and their duties were absorbed into the Department of Admiralty.

The department was controlled and directed by the Storekeeper-General of the Navy.

Navy Office (Royal Navy)
The Navy Office was the government office responsible for the civil administration of the English, then British Royal Navy from 1576 to 1832. It contained all the members of the Navy Board and various other departments and offices. The day-to-day business of the Navy Office was headed by the Clerk of the Acts from 1660 until 1796. When this position was abolished duties were assumed by separate committees for Accounts, Correspondence, Stores, Transports and Victualling presided over by the Comptroller of the Navy. The Navy Office was one of two government offices (the other being the Department of Admiralty) that were jointly responsible for directing naval affairs. In 1832 following reforms of the naval service the Navy Office was abolished and its functions and staff taken over by the Admiralty.
Textualism
Textualism is a formalist theory in which the interpretation of the text is based primarily on the ordinary meaning of the legal text at the time of its enactment, where little consideration is given to non-textual sources, such as the intention of the law when passed, the problem it was intended to remedy, or questions regarding the justice or rectitude of the law.

Statutory interpretation
Statutory interpretation is the process by which courts interpret and apply legislation. Some amount of interpretation is often necessary when a case involves a statute. Sometimes the words of a statute have a plain and a straightforward meaning, but in many cases, there is some ambiguity in the words of the statute that must be resolved by the judge. To find the meanings of statutes, judges use various tools and methods of statutory interpretation, including traditional canons of statutory interpretation, legislative history, and purpose.
In common law jurisdictions, the judiciary may apply rules of statutory interpretation both to legislation enacted by the legislature and to delegated legislation such as administrative agency regulations.
Chris Scelfo
Christopher Joseph Scelfo (born September 30, 1963) is an American football coach who serves as a special assistant to the head coach at Tulsa. He was most recently  the offensive line coach for the DC Defenders of the XFL. He was the offensive line coach and run-game coordinator for the Arizona Hotshots of the Alliance of American Football, having previously served in a similar position with the Houston Cougars and Charlotte 49ers. He previously served as the tight ends coach for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He served as head coach at Tulane from 1998 to 2006, including in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and amassed a 37–57 record. He previously held assistant coaching positions at Marshall and Georgia.

Tulane Green Wave football
The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The football team is currently coached by Will Hall, the team plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans.
Sathyamangalam
Sathyamangalam (also known as Sathy) is a town and municipality in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies on the banks of the Bhavani River, a tributary of the Kaveri straddling the Eastern and Western Ghats. It is the headquarters of Sathyamangalam taluk. It is located about 65 km (40 mi) from the district headquarters Erode. As of 2011, the town had a population of 37,816.

Bhavani River
Bhavani is an Indian river which flows through the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It originates in the Nilgiris in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, and flows westwards into Kerala for some distance, before turning east, and flowing back towards Tamil Nadu. It stretches for 234 km (145 mi), and joins the Kaveri at Kooduthurai. The river basin covers an area of 1,410 km2 (540 sq mi) across three districts in Tamil Nadu. The major tributaries include the Moyar, and Siruvani Rivers. There are multiple dams across the river, including the Upper Bhavani, Bhavanisagar dam, and Kodiveri dam.
Rupert Goold
Rupert Goold CBE (born 18 February 1972) is an English director who works primarily in theatre. He is the artistic director of the Almeida Theatre, and was the artistic director of Headlong Theatre Company (2005–2013). Since 2010, Goold has been an associate director at the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2017 for services to drama.

Goold is known for his extensive work in theatre. For his work in the West End he won two Laurence Olivier Awards for Best Director for Macbeth (2008) and Enron (2010). He was Olivier-nominated for King Charles III (2015), Ink (2018), and Dear England (2024). He received Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play nominations for King Charles III (2016) and Ink (2019). He made his directorial film debut with True Story (2015).

Headlong (theatre company)
Headlong Theatre Limited (commonly just Headlong) is a British touring theatre company, formed in 1974 and named until 2006 as the Oxford Stage Company.

Its artistic directors have included Rupert Goold (2005–2013) and Jeremy Herrin (2013–2020). Its current artistic director is Holly Race Roughan.

Plays produced by Headlong include  The House Party, A View from the Bridge, untitled f*ck m*ss s**gon play, Best of Enemies, People, Places & Things and Enron, and major digital theatre innovations Signal Fires and Unprecedented.