hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Herzfeld
Karl Ferdinand Herzfeld (February 24, 1892 – June 3, 1978) was an Austrian–American physicist and chemist. He worked on condensed matter physics, fluid dynamics, and statistical mechanics. In 1927, he was the first to quantify when a substance is a metal or an insulator. The Goldhammer–Herzfeld criterion to classify metalloids is named after him. With Frank O. Rice, he studied the rate equations of the pyrolysis of acetaldehyde in 1934. Their model is known as the Rice–Herzfeld mechanism.

Herzfeld also wrote on philosophy and theology. He was married to anthropologist Regina Flannery.

Regina Flannery Herzfeld
Regina Flannery Herzfeld (December 1904 – November 26, 2004) was an American anthropologist. She was a professor of anthropology at the Catholic University of America (CUA) from 1935 to 1971, and editor of Anthropological Quarterly from 1949 to 1963.
Daniel Yoo (general)
Daniel Daejin Yoo (born July 4, 1962) is a retired United States Marine Corps major general and former commander of United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command. He was the first Korean-American general in the history of the United States Marine Corps.

United States Marine Forces Special Operations Command
The United States Marine Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC) is one of the four primary component commands (USASOC, USNSWC, AFSOC, MARSOC) of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). MARSOCs mission is to recruit, train, sustain, and deploy scalable, expeditionary forces worldwide to accomplish special operations missions assigned by USSOCOM.
Frédéric Rubwejanga
Bishop Frédéric Rubwejanga O.C.S.O., (born 1931) is a Rwandan Roman Catholic prelate who was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kibungo, Rwanda from 1992 until 2007. He was appointed bishop by Pope John Paul II on 30 March 1992. He was consecrated and installed there on 5 July 1992. He retired as bishop on 28 August 2007. He lives on as Bishop Emeritus of Kibungo, Rwanda. While in retirement, he became a member of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO).

Diocese of Kibungo
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kibungo (Latin: Dioecesis Kibungensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Rwanda. It was erected on 5 September 1968 by Pope John XXIII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Kigali.
Jamie Cope
Jamie Cope (born 12 September 1985) is an English former professional snooker player.

A finalist in two ranking tournaments, the 2006 Grand Prix and the 2007 China Open, Cope also reached the semi-finals of the 2011 Masters. He reached his highest ranking, 13th, in September 2010, but thereafter developed a tremor which has been attributed to being either an essential tremor or the yips, which makes his cue arm shake. This condition caused Cope to slip markedly down the rankings in the 2010s, culminating in his relegation from the main tour at the end of the 2016–17 season. He was known for his fast, entertaining style, being nicknamed "Shotgun" due to his speed around the table and aggressive playing style.

2011 Masters (snooker)
The 2011 Masters (officially the 2011 Ladbrokes Mobile Masters) was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament held between 9–16 January 2011 at the Wembley Arena in London, England. This was the first time that the Masters was sponsored by Ladbrokes.

Mark Selby was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round 4–6 against Mark King.

The event was the first to feature two Asian players in the final, as well as the first Masters final to feature two players not from the United Kingdom. Ding Junhui won in the final 10–4 against Marco Fu.
Ahn Sung-ki
Ahn Sung-ki (Korean: 안성기; January 1, 1952 – January 5, 2026) was a South Korean actor. Known as one of the country's most respected actors, he is the recipient of numerous accolades in a career on screen spanning six decades.

Born in Daegu to a father working in the film industry, Ahn made his acting debut in 1957 as a child actor in the film Twilight Train (1957). In 2005 during Culture Day, he received Bogwan Order of Cultural Merit. He served as chairman of Korean Film Actors Association from 2006 to 2008.

Order of Cultural Merit (South Korea)
The Order of Cultural Merit (Korean: 문화훈장) is one of South Korea's orders of merit. It is awarded by the President of South Korea for "outstanding meritorious services in the fields of culture and art in the interest of promoting the national culture and national development."
Sikorsky S-52
The Sikorsky S-52 is a utility helicopter developed by Sikorsky Aircraft in the late 1940s. It was used by the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. The S-52 was the first US helicopter with all-metal rotor blades. Initially a two-seater, it was developed into the four-seat S-52-2 and S-52-3. It was designated HO5S-1 by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, HO5S-1G by the Coast Guard, and YH-18A by the U.S. Army, and was used extensively by civil operators after being retired by the military.

Sikorsky XH-39
The Sikorsky XH-39 (manufacturer designation S-59),  developed by Sikorsky Aircraft in 1954, was the U.S. Army's first turbine-powered helicopter. It was fast and innovative, but ultimately rejected by the United States Army in favor of the Bell UH-1 Iroquois.
Serafina Corrêa
Serafina Corrêa is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Founded by Italian settlers at the end of the 19th century. In 2009, the city of Serafina Corrêa elected Talian. A Venetian based dialect, as co-official language alongside Portuguese.  As of 2020, the estimated population was 17,795.

Talian dialect
Talian (Venetian: [taˈljaŋ], Portuguese: [tɐliˈɐ̃]), also known as Brazilian Venetian or Brazilian Italian, is a Venetian dialect spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, as well as in other parts of Rio Grande do Sul, and in parts of Espírito Santo and of Santa Catarina.

It is a "Recognised Minority Language" in 4 states of Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná and Espírito Santo. The word "Talian" is the same used in Veneto to name the Italian language.

Talian is mainly a Venetian dialect mixed with Italian dialects  from the Veneto region as well as Lombardy and other Italian regions, influenced by local Portuguese.
Conrad Bussow
Conrad Bussow (1552 or 1553, Ilten or Hanover – 1617) was a German mercenary from Lower Saxony who lived in Riga in the 1590s and in Muscovy in 1600–1611. In 1614–1617 Bussow compiled The Disturbed State of the Russian Realm, an eye-witness history of the Time of Troubles. An early manuscript of his book was plagiarized by Peter Petreius in his History of the Grand Duchy of Muscovy.

Peter Petreius
Peer Peersson of Erlesunda, also known as Per Erlesund and by his Latinized pen name Peter Petreius (1570 – October 28, 1622) was a Swedish diplomat, envoy to Muscovy and author of the History of the Grand Duchy of Muscovy (1615) that attempted to present a complete history of Russia from the foundation of Kievan Rus to the end of the Time of Troubles.
Lydia Cecilia Hill
Lydia Cecilia Hill (20 July 1913 – 11 October 1940), known as Cissie Hill or Cecily Hill, was an English cabaret dancer notable for being a favourite of Ibrahim, Sultan of Johor and for being briefly engaged to him. A new Art Deco house, Mayfair Court, was funded for her in Herne Bay, Kent, by the Sultan. She was killed during World War II in her native Canterbury at the age of 27 in a German airstrike. There is an elaborate, marble monument on her grave in Herne Bay cemetery, Eddington, paid for by the Sultan.

Ibrahim of Johor
Ibrahim Al-Masyhur ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah (Jawi: سلطان سر إبراهيم المشهور ابن المرحوم سلطان أبو بكر الخليل إبراهيم شاه; 17 September 1873 – 8 May 1959) was a Malaysian sultan and the 2nd modern sultan of Johor. He was considered "fabulously wealthy."

An Anglophile, Ibrahim maintained close ties with the British crown and frequently leveraged his personal relationships with reigning monarchs to advocate for Johor's autonomy and resist the expansionist ambitions of the British Colonial Office. However, he became highly unpopular later in his native land for his opposition to Malayan independence. This led him to spend most of his time away from Johor, traveling extensively in Europe, particularly to Britain.
Stannary
A stannary was an administrative division established under stannary law in the English counties of Cornwall and Devon to manage the collection of tin coinage, which was the duty payable on the metal tin smelted from cassiterite ore mined in the region. In Cornwall, the duty was passed to the Duchy of Cornwall; in Devon to the Crown.

With the abolition of tin coinage in 1838 (following extensive petitioning by the Cornish tin industry for simplification of the taxation rules), the principal purpose of the stannaries ceased. In Cornwall, however, they retained certain historic rights to appoint stannators to the Cornish Stannary Parliament.

Cornish Stannary Parliament
The Cornish Stannary Parliament (officially The Convocation of the Tinners of Cornwall) was the representative body of the Cornish stannaries, which were chartered in 1201 by King John. Due to the significant proportion of Cornwall's population involved in the tin trade, it wielded considerable power until it ceased to meet in September 1753. South Australia was founded on Cornish parliamentary law.
Cholmondeston
Cholmondeston (/ˈtʃʌmstən/ CHUM-stən) is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The village lies 5 miles (8 km) to the northwest of Nantwich. Nearby villages include Aston juxta Mondrum, Barbridge, Calveley and Wettenhall. The Middlewich Branch of the Shropshire Union Canal and the Chester and Crewe Railway runs through the civil parish. The area is predominantly rural, with a total population of around 150 in 2001, increasing to 175 at the 2011 Census.

Calveley
Calveley is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Alpraham and Calveley, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The village lies 5½ miles to the north west of Nantwich. The parish also includes parts of the settlements of Barrets Green and Wardle Bank. The area is largely agricultural and includes a short stretch of the Shropshire Union Canal. There is an Anglican parish church, a primary school and a public house. Nearby villages include Alpraham, Bunbury, Haughton and Wardle. In 2011 the parish had a population of 280.
Gilbert E. Primrose
Gilbert Edward Primrose (27 February 1848 – 16 February 1935) was a Scottish amateur sportsman who made one appearance for the Scottish football XI against England in the representative match played in February 1871. He later settled in Helidon, near Brisbane in Queensland, Australia where he became a director of the Helidon Spa Water Company. In 1959, the company merged with Owen Gardener & Sons to become Kirks.

Henry Primrose
Sir Henry William Primrose KCB CSI ISO PC (22 August 1846 – 17 June 1923) was a Scottish civil servant. He joined the Treasury in 1869, served as private secretary to the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884 and to Gladstone in 1886. He was secretary of the Office of Works from 1887 to 1895. He became chairman of the Board of the Inland Revenue from 1899 to 1907.

In his youth, he made one appearance for the Scottish football XI against England in the representative match played in November 1870.
1509 Constantinople earthquake
The 1509 Constantinople earthquake, or historically Kıyamet-i Suğra ('Minor Judgment Day'), occurred in the Sea of Marmara on 10 September 1509 at about 22:00. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.2 ± 0.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. A tsunami and 45 days of aftershocks followed the earthquake. The exact death toll of this earthquake is unknown; estimates range between 1,000 and 13,000.

Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora, the Marmara Sea or Propontis /prəˈpɒntɪs/ (ancient Greek: Προποντίς /pro.ponˈdis/), is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's European and Asian sides. It has an area of 11,350 km2 (4,380 sq mi), and its dimensions are 280 km × 80 km (174 mi × 50 mi). Its greatest depth is 1,370 m (4,490 ft).
Altenstadt an der Waldnaab
Altenstadt an der Waldnaab (German pronunciation: [ˈaltn̩ʃtat ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈvaltˌnaːp], lit. 'Old Town on the Waldnaab', in contrast to "New Town on the Waldnaab") is a municipality in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Waldnaab, 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, and 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Weiden in der Oberpfalz. Bundesautobahn 93 (Regensburg - Hof) passes west of Altenstadt. It has a railway station on the Weiden–Oberkotzau railway.

Neustadt an der Waldnaab
Neustadt an der Waldnaab (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈvaltˌnaːp] ⓘ; Bavarian: Neistodt an da Woidnaab; both lit. 'New Town on the Waldnaab', in contrast to "Old Town on the Waldnaab") is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany, and county seat of the district Neustadt an der Waldnaab.
All-Crop harvester
The All-Crop harvester or All-Crop combine was a tractor-drawn, PTO-driven (except the All-Crop 100 and the All-Crop SP100) combine harvesters made by Allis-Chalmers from the mid-1930s to the early 1960s. Aside from small grains, these harvesters were able to harvest some flowers, as well as various grasses and legume crops for seed.

The first combines under that name, the All-Crop 60, had a 60-inch, sickle-bar cutting head, and the popular Model 66 had a 66-inch cutting head.

Many of these units are still in working condition, and they are well known for their dependability and low maintenance; however, as they are quite small machines (and now very old), they are not practical on today's large farms. They were superseded by the Allis-Chalmers Gleaner combine harvesters.

Gleaner Manufacturing Company
The Gleaner Manufacturing Company (aka: Gleaner Combine Harvester Corp.) is an American manufacturer of combine harvesters. Gleaner (or Gleaner Baldwin) has been a popular brand of combine harvester particularly in the Midwestern United States for many decades, first as an independent firm, and later as a division of Allis-Chalmers. The Gleaner brand continues today under the ownership of AGCO.
FCA India Automobiles
FCA India Automobiles Private Limited (FCAIPL), formerly known as Fiat Group Automobiles India Private Limited, is the Indian subsidiary of Stellantis, formed in 1997. The company was established for the production of cars and engines under the Fiat, Abarth, and Jeep brands. The company has suffered a major downturn in recent years: while in 2010 was the ninth largest Indian car manufacturer by sales, it is currently the seventeenth in rank, having produced only 4,404 vehicles in the 2025 fiscal year.

Automotive industry in India
The automotive industry in India in 2025 is the world's third-largest by annual production worth US$250 billion, behind the United States (US$880 billion) and China (US$530 billion). The growth of automotive industry in India is fueled by the country's GDP growth (world's 3rd largest in PPP and 4th largest nominally) and rapid highway construction. In 2022, the industry accounted for 8% of the country's total exports and 7.1% of overall GDP.

According to a 2021 National Family Health Survey, only 8% of Indian households own a car, while 54% own motorcycles or scooters. In 2025, India had 44 cars per 1,000 people, markedly lower than in other major economies.
Stereo Mike
Michail Exarchos (Greek: Μιχάλης Έξαρχος) (born 4 July 1978 in Piraeus, Greece), known professionally by his stage name Stereo Mike, is a Greek hip hop artist. He is the first MTV EMA Award winner in the "Best Greek Act" category.  Stereo Mike represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 alongside singer Loucas Yiorkas with the song "Watch My Dance", placing seventh with 120 points.

Loukas Yorkas
Loukas Yorkas (Greek: Λούκας Γιώρκας; born 18 October 1986), is a Greek Cypriot singer and the winner of the first season of the Greek version of the television talent series The X Factor. In September 2009 he released his first EP album, Mazi, which attained gold certification. He studies Biology at the University of Patras. Loukas Yorkas represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany along with Stereo Mike, with the song "Watch My Dance", placing seventh with 120 points.
Oregon State Bar
The Oregon State Bar (OSB) is a public corporation and instrumentality of the Oregon Judicial Department in the U.S. state of Oregon. Founded in 1890 as the private Oregon Bar Association, it became a public entity in 1935 that regulates the legal profession. The public corporation is part of the Oregon Judicial Department.

Lawyers are required to join the OSB in order to practice law in Oregon, unless an exception applies.

OSB is charged with administering lawyer admissions and discipline, pursuant to rules proposed by bar association and approved by the Oregon Supreme Court. It also administers the Legal Services Program which funds legal aid in Oregon and provides accountability by maintaining standards and guidelines for legal aid providers.

OSB is governed by a 19 person Board of Governors — 15 of the board's members are lawyers, and four are public members.

Oregon Judicial Department
The Oregon Judicial Department (OJD) is the judicial branch of government of the state of Oregon in the United States. The chief executive of the branch is the Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. Oregon’s judiciary consists primarily of four different courts: the Oregon Supreme Court, the Oregon Tax Court, the Oregon Court of Appeals, and the Oregon circuit courts. Additionally, the OJD includes the Council on Court Procedures, the Oregon State Bar, Commission on Judicial Fitness and Disability, and the Public Defense Services Commission. Employees of the court are the largest non-union group among state workers.
Moose Mountain Provincial Park
Moose Mountain Provincial Park is a provincial park, in south-eastern Saskatchewan about 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of the town of Carlyle on the Moose Mountain Upland. It is one of Saskatchewan's few parks with a community inside the park as there are several subdivisions with both year-round and seasonal residents. The village of Kenosee Lake is completely surrounded by the park but is not part of the park.

Little Kenosee Lake
Little Kenosee Lake is a small lake in Moose Mountain Provincial Park in the Moose Mountain Uplands of the south-eastern corner of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake is in the Palliser's Triangle and Prairie Pothole Region of Canada. It is part of an endorheic basin lake system that flows into Kenosee Lake, which has only overflowed its banks once since records started being kept in the late 1800s. Most of the water that flows into Little Kenosee Lake comes from ground water run-off, such as from rain and melting snow. Fish Creek, the lake's outflow, is located on the southern shore. The lake and its facilities are accessed from Highway 219.
Toowong Municipal Library Building
The Toowong Municipal Library Building is heritage-listed former public library at 579–583 Coronation Drive, Toowong, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Birrell and built in 1961 by Stuart Brothers. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 August 1998. In 2001, the library moved to Toowong Village Shopping Centre and the original building has been used as business premises.

Wickham Terrace Car Park
Wickham Terrace Car Park is a heritage-listed multi-storey car park at 136 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by James Birrell and built from 1959 to 1960. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register as Brisbane City Council Carpark on 13 January 1995.
Volgograd constituency
The Volgograd constituency (No.81) is a Russian legislative constituency in Volgograd Oblast. The constituency covers part of northern Volgograd and stretches to north-central Volgograd Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Aleksey Volotskov, former Member of Volgograd Oblast Duma and businessman, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Anna Kuvychko.

Volzhsky constituency
The Volzhsky constituency (No.84) is a Russian legislative constituency in Volgograd Oblast. It covers eastern Volgograd Oblast, Traktorozavodsky District of Volgograd and its satellite city Volzhsky.

The constituency has been vacant since May 20, 2025, following the resignation of four-term United Russia deputy Oleg Savchenko.
David Kidder
David Kidder (December 8, 1787 – November 1, 1860) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives from Maine.

Kidder was born on December 8, 1787, in Pownalborough, Massachusetts (now known as Dresden, Maine). He pursued classical studies with private tutors, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Bloomfield. He moved to Skowhegan in 1817, and then to Norridgewock in 1821. He was a prosecuting attorney of Somerset County from 1811 to 1823.

Kidder was elected as an Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican to the Eighteenth Congress and re-elected as an Adams candidate to the Nineteenth Congress. He served from March 4, 1823, to March 3, 1827. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1826. He returned to Skowhegan in 1827 and returned to the practice of law. He was a member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1829. He died in Skowhegan, Maine, on November 1, 1860. He was interred in Bloomfield Cemetery.

Skowhegan, Maine
Skowhegan (/skaʊˈhiːɡən/) is the county seat of Somerset County, Maine, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the town population was 8,620. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Every August, Skowhegan hosts the annual Skowhegan State Fair, the oldest continuously held state fair in the United States. Skowhegan was originally inhabited by the indigenous Abenaki people who named the area Skowhegan, meaning "watching place [for fish]," and were mostly dispersed by the end of the 4th Anglo-Abenaki War.
Jerusalem: Chronicles from the Holy City
Jerusalem: Chronicles from the Holy City, originally published in French as Chroniques de Jérusalem, is a 2008 graphic novel written and illustrated by Guy Delisle. Jerusalem is a travelogue and memoir in which Delisle recounts his trip to Jerusalem, parts of Palestine and the West Bank, as well as within Israel, with his two young children and his long-term partner, Nadège, who went there to do administrative work for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF).

Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea
Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea is a black-and-white non-fiction graphic novel by the Canadian Québécois author Guy Delisle, published in 2003. The novel details the months Delisle spent in Pyongyang while working for a French animation company.