hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Partido Republicano Puertorriqueño
Partido Republicano Puertorriqueño (English: Puerto Rican Republican Party) was a political party founded in Puerto Rico on July 4, 1899. The party dissolved in 1924 when it split into two factions, both factions forming alliances with other local parties. It was led by Dr. José Celso Barbosa.

José Celso Barbosa
José Celso Barbosa Alcala (July 27, 1857 – September 21, 1921) was a Puerto Rican physician, sociologist and political leader. Known as the father of the statehood movement in Puerto Rico, Barbosa was the first Puerto Rican, and one of the first people of 
African descent to earn a medical degree in the United States.

After his return to the island in 1880, Barbosa made many contributions to medicine and public health. He initiated an early form of health insurance, encouraging employers to pay a fee to cover the future needs of their employees. In 1900, Barbosa was among the first five Puerto Rican leaders appointed to the Executive Cabinet under Governor Charles H. Allen, in the first civilian government organized by the United States. He served in the Cabinet until 1917. From 1917 to 1921, Barbosa served in the first elected Puerto Rican Senate.
Xiaozhuang Mishi
Xiaozhuang Mishi ("Secret History of Xiaozhuang"), also known as Xiaozhuang Epic (孝庄秘史), is a 2003 Chinese historical drama television series produced by You Xiaogang. The series is the first instalment in a series of four television series set in the early Qing dynasty. It was followed by Huang Taizi Mishi (2004), Taizu Mishi (2005) and Secret History of Kangxi (2006), all of which were also produced by You Xiaogang. The series romanticises the life of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

Empress Xiaozhuangwen
Bumbutai (Mongolian: Бумбутай; Manchu: ᠪᡠᠮᠪᡠᡨᠠᡳ; Chinese: 布木布泰; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Hong Taiji. She was 21 years his junior. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her son, Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor, and as Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her grandson, Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor.

As empress dowager and grand empress dowager, she had significant influence in the Qing imperial court and was highly respected for her political wisdom and insight. After her death, she was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Xiaozhuangwen, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime.
Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès (/meɪlˈjɛs/ mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema, primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres. Méliès rose to prominence creating "trick films" and became well known for his innovative use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards in his work. His most important films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904).

Auguste and Louis Lumière
The Lumière brothers (UK: /ˈluːmiɛər/, US: /ˌluːmiˈɛər/; French: [lymjɛːʁ]), Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière (19 October 1862 – 10 April 1954) and Louis Jean Lumière (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1948), were French manufacturers of photography equipment, best known for their Cinématographe motion picture system and the short films they produced between 1895 and 1905, which places them among the earliest filmmakers.

Their screening of a single film on 22 March 1895, for around 200 members of the Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale (Society for the Development of the National Industry) in Paris was probably the first presentation of projected film. Their first commercial public screening on 28 December 1895, for around 40 paying visitors and invited relations has traditionally been regarded as the birth of cinema.
Penelope Curtis
Penelope Curtis (born 1961) is a British art historian and curator. From 2015 to 2020 she was the director of Lisbon's Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, and from 2010 to 2015 director of Tate Britain.  She is the author of several monographs on sculpture and has written widely at the invitation of contemporary artists.

Calouste Gulbenkian Museum
Lisbon's Calouste Gulbenkian Museum houses one of the world's most important private art collections. It includes works from Ancient Egypt to the early 20th century, spanning the arts of the Islamic World, China and Japan, as well as French decorative arts. It also features the jewellery of René Lalique and works by some of the most important painters of all time, such as Rembrandt, Monet, Rubens, Manet, Renoir, Degas and Turner. The Museum was founded by Armenian Portugal-based oil magnate Calouste Gulbenkian. "The Gulbenkian Museum is closed for renovation until July 2026."
German Alpine Club
The German Alpine Club (German: Deutscher Alpenverein, DAV for short) is the world's largest climbing association and the eighth-largest sporting association in Germany. It is a member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation and the competent body for sport and competition climbing, hiking, mountaineering, hill walking, ice climbing, mountain expeditions, as well as ski mountaineering. It is an association made up of local branches known as 'sections'.

German Olympic Sports Confederation
The German Olympic Sports Confederation (German: Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, DOSB; IOC Code: GER) was founded on 20 May 2006 by a merger of the Deutscher Sportbund (DSB), and the Nationales Olympisches Komitee für Deutschland (NOK) which dates back to 1895, the year it was founded and recognized as NOC by the IOC.

Seated in Frankfurt am Main, it represents 89,000 clubs and 27,000,000 members, about a third of the population of Germany.
Maripipi
Maripipi, officially the Municipality of Maripipi (Waray: Bungto san Maripipi; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Maripipi; Tagalog: Bayan ng Maripipi), is a  municipality in the province of Biliran, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 6,070 people, making it the least populated town in the province. The town's populace predominantly speak Waray language.

Biliran
Biliran, officially the Province of Biliran (Waray-Waray: Probinsya han Biliran; Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Biliran; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Biliran), is an island province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region (Region VIII). Biliran is one of the country's smallest and newest provinces. Formerly a sub-province of Leyte, it became an independent province in 1992.

Biliran lies less than a kilometer north of the island of Leyte. A bridge-causeway fixed link over Poro Island in the gateway town of Biliran connects the province to Leyte.  Its capital is the municipality of Naval on the western coast of the island which is the most populous in the province.
OV1-86
Orbiting Vehicle 1-86 (also known as OV1-86 ) was a satellite launched 27 July 1967 to measure the temperature radiation properties of different types of terrain. Part of the OV1 series of USAF satellites, using standardized designs and sent to orbit on decommissioned Atlas ICBMs to reduce development and launching costs, OV1-86 was launched with two other satellites in the series, OV1-11 and OV1-12, in the first triple launch of the program. It was the only OV1 satellite to be cobbled together from two of its sister satellites, utilizing the unused body on OV1-8 and the unused propulsion module on OV1-6. OV1-86's was only partially successful due to the failure of its Vertistat gravity-gradient stabilization system. The satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 22 February 1972.

Gravity-gradient stabilization
Gravity-gradient stabilization or tidal stabilization is a passive method of stabilizing artificial satellites or space tethers in a fixed orientation using only the mass distribution of the orbited body and the gravitational field.  The main advantage over using active stabilization with propellants, gyroscopes or reaction wheels is the low use of power and resources. It can also reduce or prevent the risk of propellant contamination of sensitive components.

The technique exploits the Earth's gravitational field and tidal forces to keep the spacecraft aligned along the desired orientation. The gravity of the Earth decreases according to the inverse-square law, and by extending the long axis perpendicular to the orbit, the "lower" part of the orbiting structure will be more attracted to the Earth.  The effect is that the satellite will tend to align its axis of minimum moment of inertia vertically.
Michael Herman (intelligence officer)
Michael Herman (1929 – 12 February 2021) was a British intelligence officer for GCHQ and academic. He was a former Fellow at Nuffield College and St Antony's College at the University of Oxford, and the founder of the Oxford Intelligence Group. He was the author and/or editor of three books on intelligence, including Intelligence Power in Peace and War, described as "a key reference point for all those seeking to study the nature, roles and impact of intelligence as a state function, influencing a whole generation of academics drawn to its study."

St Antony's College, Oxford
St Antony's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1950 as the result of the gift of French merchant Sir Antonin Besse of Aden, St Antony's specialises in international relations, economics, politics, and area studies relative to Europe, Russia, former Soviet states, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Japan, China, and South and South East Asia.

The college is located in North Oxford, with Woodstock Road to the west, Bevington Road to the south and Winchester Road to the east. St Antony's had a financial endowment of £55.1 million as of 2021. Formerly a men's college, it has been co-educational since 1962.
Winifred's warbler
Winifred's warbler (Scepomycter winifredae), also known as Mrs. Moreau's warbler, is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Scepomycter. It was first recorded and named by the ornithologist Reginald Moreau after his wife, Winifred Muriel Moreau née Bradberry.

Reginald Ernest Moreau
Reginald "Reg" Ernest Moreau (29 May 1897 – 30 May 1970) was an English civil servant who worked as an accountant in Tanganyika (now Tanzania) and later contributed to ornithology. He also made studies on the migration of birds between Europe and Africa; and on clutch size in nesting birds, compared the life-histories of birds in different latitudes and was a pioneer in the introduction of quantitative approaches to the study of birds. He was also a long time editor of the ornithological journal Ibis. He published two major books, The Palaearctic-African Bird Migration Systems (1972) and The Bird Faunas of Africa and its Islands (1966).
Japanese tanks of World War II
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) initially purchased foreign tanks for evaluation during World War I, and began developing its own indigenous designs during the late 1920s.

Due to the war with China, Japan produced a large number of tanks. Although initially the Japanese used tanks to good effect in their campaigns, full-scale armored warfare did not occur in the Pacific and Southeast Asian theaters as it did in Europe, and tank development was neglected in favor of naval activities. Later, during the last year of World War II the newest and best Japanese designs were not used in combat; they were kept back in expectation of defending the Japanese Home Islands.

Type 97 ShinHōtō Chi-Ha medium tank
The Type 97 Shinhōtō Chi-Ha (Japanese: 九七式新砲塔中戦車チハ, romanized: Kyūnana-shiki Shin Hōtō Chū-Sensha Chi-ha) was a Japanese medium tank used in World War II that was an upgrade to the original Type 97 Chi-Ha. The new version was designated Type 97-Kai ("improved"), Shinhōtō Chi-Ha ("new turret" Chi-Ha) or simply "Type 97/47". Armed with a Type 1 47 mm tank gun, this design was considered to be the best Japanese tank to have seen combat service during the Pacific War. It first saw combat service at Corregidor Island in the Philippines in 1942.
Wilbur Soot
William Patrick Gold (born Will Patrick Gold, 14 September 1996), known professionally as Wilbur Soot or simply Wilbur, is an English YouTuber and musician. He first became known in 2017 for his work with the group comedy YouTube channel SootHouse, where he made recurring  appearances and was the lead editor and a co-founder. He later started his own channel, Wilbur Soot, in March 2019.

Gold released his first single, "The 'Nice Guy' Ballad", in January 2018. His sixth single, "Your New Boyfriend", peaked at No. 64 on the UK Singles Chart. Gold is co-founder of the British indie rock band Lovejoy, where he is one of the songwriters, the lead vocalist and the rhythm guitarist. In 2021, they released Pebble Brain, their second EP, which debuted at No. 12 on the UK Albums Chart, and their third EP Wake Up & It's Over, released in 2023, debuted at No. 5 on the UK Albums Chart.

TommyInnit
Thomas Michael Simons (born 9 April 2004), better known as TommyInnit (/ˈtɒmiˌɪnɪt/ TOMM-ee-inn-it), is a British YouTuber, Twitch streamer and comedian. He gained popularity from creating Minecraft-related videos and live streams, including collaborations with fellow YouTubers and streamers in the Dream SMP.

Joining the Dream SMP caused his YouTube and Twitch channels to increase in popularity. As of 24 April 2023, his 11 YouTube channels have collectively reached over 27.74 million subscribers and over 2.82 billion views; his two Twitch channels have reached over 9.02 million followers, making him the most-followed Minecraft channel on Twitch, as well as the 18th most-followed overall. While Simons has since moved away from Minecraft related content, he still regularly uploads more personal videos and co-hosts the Shut Up I'm Talking podcast with fellow content creator Jack Manifold.
Lycodes
Lycodes is a genus of zoarcid fish in the subfamily Lycodinae. It is the most species-rich genus in its taxonomic family as well as in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent waters. They occupy both shallow waters and deeper waters down to 3000 meters. A few species can occur in brackish waters.

Lycodinae
Lycodinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. These eelpouts are found are in all the world's oceans, with a number of species being found off southern South America.
Jean-Joseph Mouret
Jean-Joseph Mouret (11 April 1682 in Avignon, Papal States – 10 December 1738 in Charenton-le-Pont) was a French composer whose dramatic works made him one of the leading exponents of Baroque music in his country.  Even though most of his works are rarely performed, Mouret's name survives today thanks to the popularity of the Fanfare-Rondeau from his first Suite de symphonies, which has been adopted as the signature tune of the PBS program Masterpiece and is a popular musical choice in many modern weddings.

Suite of Symphonies for brass, strings and timpani No. 1
The Suite of Symphonies for brass, strings & timpani No. 1 (Suite De Symphonies, Première Suite de Symphonies) is a composition by Jean-Joseph Mouret.  The first movement of this piece, the rondeau, is widely known and commonly used in weddings, and notably on the PBS program Masterpiece. Mouret composed this piece in 1729, while being the director for the Concert Spirituel, which was one of the first concert series known in existence.
Jace Sternberger
Jace Evan Sternberger (born June 26, 1996) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Northeastern Oklahoma A&M Golden Norsemen, Kansas Jayhawks, and Texas A&M Aggies, earning consensus All-American honors in 2018 with the latter. Sternberger was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 2019 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks, Washington Football Team, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Buffalo Bills. He also played for the Birmingham Stallions of the United Football League (UFL).

Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College
Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College (NEO) is a public community college in Miami, Oklahoma. Established as the Miami School of Mines in 1919, NEO has an enrollment of approximately two thousand students.  The Golden Norsemen is the school mascot.
Tim Wallis
Sir Timothy William Wallis (9 September 1938 – 17 October 2023) was a New Zealand businessman and aviation entrepreneur. He pioneered live deer capture from helicopters, which led to a significant industry in New Zealand. He was a leader and international representative of the deer farming industry. Wallis also founded the Alpine Fighter Collection and the Warbirds over Wanaka air show.

New Zealand Fighter Pilots Museum
The New Zealand Fighter Pilots Museum was an aerospace museum located at Wānaka Airport in New Zealand's South Island. It closed in March 2011 (2011-03) and was replaced in December 2011 by the Warbirds & Wheels museum of military aircraft as well as classic and vintage automobiles and motorcycles.

The museum was founded by Sir Tim Wallis and housed in a new building at the Wānaka Airport. It was opened in 1993 (1993) by retired Group Captain Colin Gray. Its first curator was Ian Brodie. In 1996 museum became one of the first aerospace museums on the internet. The museum includes the Alpine Fighter Collection, dedicated to New Zealand's fighters during World War II. The museum was funded, in part, by grants from the Community Trust of Otago.
I Wayne
I Wayne, Rastafarian stage name for Cliffroy Taylor (born August 6, 1980 in Portmore, Jamaica), is a roots reggae singer. He is known for his hit singles "Living In Love" and "Can't Satisfy Her" from his debut album, Lava Ground.

Lava Ground
Lava Ground is the debut album from Jamaican reggae artist I Wayne. The album features guest appearances from Fire Chess, Harmony and Fire Star. As well as production from P. Henry, M.Miller, O. Hibbert etc. The album includes the hits Living In Love and Can't Satisfy Her.
Interim Government of Iran (1979–80)
The Council of the Islamic Revolution formed the Interim Government on Ruhollah Khomeini's request after the resignation of Mehdi Bazargan because of the Iran hostage crisis happening at the time.

According to Ali Akbar Moinfar, Council of the Islamic Revolution chaired by Mohammad Beheshti as First Secretary until Abolhassan Banisadr elected as President of Iran. Banisadr was made head of the Revolutionary Council on 7 February 1980.

Council of the Islamic Revolution
The Council of the Islamic Revolution (Persian: شورای انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: Šūrā-ye enqelāb-e eslāmi) was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran. "Over the next few months there issued from the council hundreds of rulings and laws, dealing with everything from bank nationalization to nurses' salaries." Its existence was kept a secret during the early, less secure time of the revolution, and its members and the exact nature of what the council did remained undisclosed to the public until early 1980. Some of the council's members like Motahhari, Taleqani, Bahonar, Beheshti, Qarani died during Iran–Iraq War or were assassinated by the MKO during the consolidation of the Iranian Revolution. Most of those who remained were put aside by the regime.
Newcastle Government House
Newcastle Government House is a heritage-listed former military post and official residence and now park and psychiatric hospital at 72 Watt Street, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Newcastle Government House and Domain, Newcastle Military Barracks & Hospital, Newcastle Industrial School for Girls, Reformatory for Girls, Lunatic Asylum for Imbeciles, James Fletcher Hospital and Fletcher Park. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 March 2011.

Newcastle Industrial School for Girls
Newcastle Industrial School for Girls (now, Newcastle Government House; 1867–1887) is a defunct Australian girls' school, which was located in 72 Watt Street, Newcastle, New South Wales. On 26 May 1871, the younger girls left the Newcastle Industrial School, and removed to a new institution at Cockatoo Island, named the Biloela Industrial School for Girls. The Newcastle Industrial School for Girls closed in 1887, when all the remaining girls removed to Parramatta Girls School in Parramatta. The building that housed the Newcastle Industrial School for Girls at 72 Watt Street is now the Newcastle Government House.
Zimbabwe A cricket team
The Zimbabwe A cricket team is a national cricket team representing Zimbabwe.  It is the second-tier of international Zimbabwean cricket, below the full Zimbabwe national cricket team.  Matches played by Zimbabwe A are not considered to be Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification, respectively.  Zimbabwe A played their first match in January 1994, a four-day first-class contest against the touring South Africa A cricket team.

South Africa A cricket team
The South Africa A cricket team is a national cricket team representing South Africa.  It is the second-tier of international South African cricket, below the full South Africa national cricket team.  Matches played by South Africa A are not Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification respectively. Tony de Zorzi is the current captain of the side, while they are being coached by Shukri Conrad.
Jiang Yuyuan
Jiang Yuyuan (also Yuyan; simplified Chinese: 江钰源; traditional Chinese: 江鈺源; pinyin: Jiāng Yùyuán; born November 1, 1991, in Liuzhou, Guangxi) is a retired Chinese gymnast. She is the 2008 Chinese all-around senior National Champion and a member of the gold medal-winning People's Republic of China team for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Jiang was a member of the silver medal-winning Chinese team at the 2007 World Championships, the bronze medal-winning member at the 2010 World Championships and 2011 World Championships, and the all-around gold medalist at the 2007 Good Luck Beijing Olympic test event. In 2010, she replaced Cheng Fei as the captain of the Chinese national team (due to Fei's leg injury). She won a silver medal in the all-around competition at the 2010 World Championships, which is the highest position that a Chinese woman has ever placed in the all-around competition at a world or Olympic championship.

Deng Linlin
Deng Linlin (simplified Chinese: 邓琳琳; traditional Chinese: 鄧琳琳; pinyin: Dèng Línlín; pronounced [də̂ŋ lǐnlǐn]; born April 21, 1992) is a Chinese retired gymnast. She was a member of the Chinese team that won the team gold medal at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, People's Republic of China, and is a three-time World Cup gold medalist. She is the 2009 World and 2012 Olympic champion on balance beam.
Switzerland men's national basketball team
The Switzerland men's national basketball team (French: Équipe de Suisse de basketball, German: Schweizer Basketballnationalmannschaft, Italian: Nazionale di pallacanestro della Svizzera, Romansh: Squadra naziunala da ballape da la Svizra) represents Switzerland in international basketball. The managing body for the national team is Swiss Basketball.

Switzerland has competed at five EuroBasket tournaments (1935, 1946, 1951, 1953, 1955) in their history. The national team has also made three appearances at the Olympic Games (1936, 1948, 1952). However, Switzerland has struggled over the past decades to once again qualify to international competitions. They also continue their pursuit to clinch their debut trip to the FIBA World Cup.

EuroBasket 1955
The 1955 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1955, was the ninth FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA Europe. Eighteen national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) entered the competition. The competition was hosted by Hungary, silver medal winners of EuroBasket 1953. Budapest was the location of the event.