hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Michigan House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect all 110 members to Michigan's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including governor, State Senate and U.S. House of Representatives. Democrats won a majority of 56 out of 110 seats, winning control of the chamber for the first time since 2008.

2022 Michigan Senate election
The 2022 Michigan Senate election occurred on November 8, 2022, to elect all 38 members to the Michigan Senate. The election coincided with elections for all of Michigan's constitutional offices; governor, attorney general, secretary of state and all 110 seats in the Michigan House of Representatives. Seats in the Michigan Senate were last elected in 2018.

Democrats gained four seats, giving them a majority of 20 out of 38 seats and winning control of the chamber for the first time since 1984. Simultaneously, Democrats made gains in the state house, winning control of that chamber for the first time since 2008, while Gretchen Whitmer won re-election. As a result, Democrats won a trifecta in the state for the first time in 40 years.
Skullfire
Skullfire (Timothy Fitzgerald) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character appeared in the 2099 universe, a look at superheroes in the year 2099. He was one of the founding members of a future incarnation of the X-Men called X-Men 2099.

X-Men 2099
X-Men 2099 is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics from 1993 to 1996 that chronicled the adventures of an X-Men team in the year 2099. It extends the Marvel 2099 imprint, which features other future versions of popular Marvel characters, such as Spider-Man 2099 and Hulk 2099. The series was written by John Francis Moore and largely pencilled by Ron Lim.
Merle Curti
Merle Eugene Curti (September 15, 1897 – March 9, 1996) was an American progressive historian who influenced peace studies, intellectual history and social history, including by using cliometrics (quantitative tools in historical research). At Columbia University and for decades at the University of Wisconsin, Curti directed 86 finished Ph.D. dissertations and had a wide range of correspondents. He was known for his commitment to democracy, as well as the Turnerian thesis that social and economic forces shape American life, thought and character.

Frederick Jackson Turner
Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 – March 14, 1932) was an American historian during the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin-Madison until 1910, and then Harvard University.  He was known primarily for his frontier thesis. He trained many PhDs who went on to become well-known historians.  He promoted interdisciplinary and quantitative methods, often with an emphasis on the Midwestern United States.

Turner's essay "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" included ideas that formed the frontier thesis. In it, Turner argued that the moving western frontier exerted a strong influence on American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until 1890. He is also known for his theories of geographical sectionalism. During recent years historians and academics have argued frequently over Turner's work; however, all agree that the frontier thesis has had an enormous effect on historical scholarship.
North Korean destroyer Choe Hyon
Choe Hyon (Korean: 최현) is the lead ship of the Choe Hyon-class destroyers to be operated by the Korean People's Navy (KPN). The ship is the first destroyer operated by the KPN. The vessel was launched on 27 April 2025.

Choe Hyon-class destroyer
The Choe Hyon-class destroyer (Korean: 《최현》급다목적구축함) is a class of guided-missile destroyers of the Korean People's Navy (KPN). The first vessel, the Choe Hyon, was unveiled by the Korean People's Army on 30 December 2024. The second ship, Kang Kon, capsized during launch but was eventually restored to upright position and relaunched on 12 June 2025.
George, Duke of Saxony
George the Bearded (German: Georg der Bärtige; 27 August 1471, Meissen – 17 April 1539, Dresden) was Duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539 and was known for his strong opposition to the Reformation. While the Ernestine line accepted Lutheranism, the Albertines, led by George, resisted religious change. Although he tried to prevent a Lutheran succession, the Act of Settlement of 1499 ensured that, after his death in 1539, Henry IV—a Lutheran—became duke and introduced Lutheranism as the official state religion of the Albertine territories.

George was also a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Henry IV, Duke of Saxony
Henry IV the Pious, Duke of Saxony (German: Heinrich der Fromme; 16 March 1473, in Dresden – 18 August 1541, in Dresden) was a Duke of Saxony from the House of Wettin. Succeeding his brother George, Duke of Saxony, a fervent Catholic who sought to extinguish Lutheranism by any means possible, Henry established the Lutheran church as the state religion in his domains.
New-York Petroleum Exchange and Stock Board
The New-York Petroleum Exchange and Stock Board was a resource and stock exchange in New York City. Founded as the New-York Petroleum Exchange, in 1884 the exchange reported oil clearances amounting to 2,373,582,000 barrels, averaging 7,782,000 barrels per day. That year the exchange also began trading in stocks, bonds, and other securities. The institution merged with the competing exchange New-York Mining and National Petroleum Exchange on February 28, 1885, forming the Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange.

New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange
The National Petroleum Exchange was a resource exchange in New York City founded in 1882. In 1883 the National Petroleum Exchange and the New York Mining Stock Exchange were consolidated, becoming the New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange. After several other exchange mergers with competitors, the exchange became the Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange of New York, which in 1885 became the Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York.
Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party
The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party (GMPJP), formerly known as the Liberty Union Party (LUP) until 2021, is a socialist political party in Vermont, United States. LUP was formed in 1970 by progressives to contest the 1970 Senate election.

GMPJP is a self-proclaimed "non-violent socialist party". In 1995, LUP was described by The New York Times as the cradle of progressivism in Vermont.

GMPJP is the fourth-largest party in Vermont after the Democratic, Republican, and Progressive parties.

Notable past and present members include William H. Meyer, Peter Diamondstone, Bernie Sanders, Michael Parenti, and Mary Alice Herbert.

Vermont Progressive Party
The Vermont Progressive Party, formerly the Progressive Coalition and Independent Coalition, is a political party in the United States that is active in Vermont. It is the third-largest political party in Vermont behind the Democratic and Republican parties. As of 2023, the party has one member in the Vermont Senate and three members in the Vermont House of Representatives, as well as several more affiliated legislators who caucus with the Democratic Party.

The last time a third party had members elected to the state legislature in Vermont was in 1917, with the election of James Lawson of the Socialist Party of America.
National Highway 448 (India)
National Highway 448, commonly called NH 448 is a national highway in India. It is a spur road of National Highway 48. NH-448 traverses the state of Rajasthan in India. It connects Ajmer to Kishangarh Airport.

National Highway 48 (India)
National Highway 48 (NH 48) is a major National Highway of India that starts at Delhi and terminates at Chennai, traversing through seven states of India. It has a total length of 2807 km (1744 miles). NH 48 passes through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The stretch between Pune and Bengaluru was known as P.B. Road in olden days.

Its stretch from Delhi to Mumbai was earlier designated as NH 8, and the stretch between Mumbai and Chennai was designated, NH 4 before all the national highways were renumbered in the year 2010.
Pact of Madrid
The so-called Pacts of Madrid of 1953 were three "executive agreements" signed in Madrid on September 23, 1953, between the United States and Spain, then under the dictatorship of General Franco. Under these agreements, five U.S. military bases were to be established on Spanish soil in exchange for economic and military aid. For the Francoist regime, these pacts, alongside the concordat with the Catholic Church signed a month earlier, marked its definitive integration into the Western bloc after years of isolation following World War II due to its ties with the Axis powers. The Spanish government also received additional assistance known as "American aid."

The agreements were a significant effort to break Spain's international isolation post-World War II, a period when the victorious Allies of World War II and much of the world remained hostile to a fascist regime sympathetic to the Axis cause and established with German and Italian assistance.

Concordat of 1953
The Concordat of 1953 was the last classic concordat of the Catholic Church, signed on 27 August 1953 by Spain (under the rule of Francisco Franco) with the Vatican (during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII). Together with the Pact of Madrid, signed the same year, it was a significant effort to break Spain's international isolation after World War II.

In return for the granting by the Vatican of the "royal patronage" (Patronato real, the historical privilege of Spanish kings to appoint clerical figures) to Franco, the concordat gave the Catholic Church in Spain a set of privileges such as state funding and exemption from government taxation.

The Concordat of 1953 superseded the Concordat of 1851 between Pope Pius IX and Queen Isabella II and Franco's 1941 Convention with the Vatican.
2018 Rising Phoenix World Championships
The  2018 Rising Phoenix World Championships was an IFBB Wings of Strength female professional bodybuilding competition and held in conjunction with the IFBB Arizona Pro. It was held on September 8, 2018 at the Wild Horse Pass Hotel & Casino in Chandler, Arizona.

Rising Phoenix World Championships
The IFBB Pro League Wings of Strength Rising Phoenix Women's Bodybuilding World Championships is a professional female bodybuilding competition, promoted by Wings of Strength and founded by Jake and Kristal Wood., and sanctioned by the International Federation of Bodybuilding (IFBB). It is considered to be the most prestigious IFBB Professional League all women's bodybuilding event in the world. The show's inception came as a result of the elimination of the Ms. Olympia, being the pinnacle of women's bodybuilding from 2015 to 2019, while the Ms. Olympia contest was on hiatus. The first championship show took place in conjunction with the IFBB Texas Pro, the NPC Tim Gardner Texas Extravaganza, and the NPC National on August 22, 2015, at the Grand Hyatt, San Antonio, Texas.
Trams in Bonn
The Bonn tramway network (German: Straßenbahn Bonn) forms part of the public transport system in the city Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, along with the Bonn Stadtbahn with which the tramlines are heavily integrated.  The tram network consists of three tram lines which makes Bonn's tramway relatively small, as it comprises only 29.52 kilometres (18.34 mi) of route. The tramway is operated by 24 low-floor tramcars.

The system is operated by SWB Bus und Bahn, a subsidiary of Stadtwerke Bonn, and integrated in the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg (VRS).

Bonn Stadtbahn
The Bonn Stadtbahn (German: Stadtbahn Bonn) is a Stadtbahn system in Bonn and the surrounding Rhein-Sieg area, that also includes the Bonn Straßenbahn. Although with six actual Stadtbahn lines (as well as three tram lines) the network is relatively small, two of Bonn's Stadtbahn lines connect to the much larger Cologne Stadtbahn (and are numbered according to that system, not Bonn's).

The Stadtbahn network comprises 95.84 kilometres (59.55 mi) of route.  There are 64 stations and stops in the city of Bonn proper, and another 17 in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Additionally, 8.72 kilometres (5.42 mi) of the Stadtbahn is located underground, as are 12 of the Stadtbahn stations.
Middlesex County, Ontario
Middlesex County is a primarily rural county and census division in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Landlocked, the county is bordered by Huron and Perth counties on the north, Oxford County on the east, Elgin County on the south, and Chatham-Kent and Lambton County on the west.

The county seat is the city of London, although the city is politically independent from the county. The Middlesex census division, which consists of the county together with the City of London and three First Nations reserves, had a population of 500,563 in 2021. Part of the county is also included in the London census metropolitan area.

Huron County, Ontario
Huron County (/ˈhjʊərɒn, -ən/ HURE-on, -⁠ən) is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located on the southeast shore of its namesake, Lake Huron, in the southwest part of the province. The county seat is Goderich, also the county's largest community.

The population reported in the 2021 Census for this predominantly agricultural area with many villages and small towns was 61,366 in a land area of 3,398 square kilometres.  Of the total population, 7,881 reside in Goderich.
Apalachicola River
The Apalachicola River /æpəlætʃɪˈkoʊlə/ is a river, approximately 160 miles (260 km) long, in the state of Florida. The river's large watershed, known as the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee and Flint (ACF) River Basin, drains an area of approximately 19,500 square miles (50,500 km2) into the Gulf of Mexico. The distance to its furthest head waters (as the Chattahoochee River) in northeast Georgia is approximately 500 miles (800 km). Its name comes from Apalachicola Province, an association of Native American towns located on what is now the Chattahoochee River. The Spanish included what is now named the Chattahoochee River as part of one river, calling all of it from its origins in the southern Appalachian foothills down to the Gulf of Mexico the Apalachicola.

Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River (/ˌtʃætəˈhuːtʃi/) is a river in the Southeastern United States. It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACF River Basin). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin.
Karah Parshad
In Sikhism, Karah Parshad (Punjabi: ਕੜਾਹ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦ (Gurmukhi)), alternatively known as Deg or Degh (literally meaning "cooking pot"), is a type of whole wheat flour halva made with equal portions of whole-wheat flour, clarified butter, and sugar and double quantity of water. It is offered to all visitors to the Darbar Sahib in a Gurdwara. It is the Sikh form of the prasada custom of Indian religions.

Prasada
Prasāda (Sanskrit pronunciation: [pɽɐsaːdɐ], Sanskrit: प्रसाद), prasad or prasadam is a religious offering in Hinduism. Most often prasada is vegetarian food especially cooked for devotees after praise and thanksgiving to a god. Mahaprasada (also called bhandarā), is the consecrated food offered to the deity in a Hindu temple which is then distributed and partaken by all the devotees regardless of any orientation.

Prasada is closely linked to the term naivedya, also spelt naivedhya, naibedya or naived(h)yam. The food offered to the deity is called naivedya, while the sacred food sanctified and returned by the deity as a blessing is called prasada.

In Sikhism, the tradition takes the form of Karah Parshad.
Selenicereus megalanthus
Selenicereus megalanthus, synonym Hylocereus megalanthus, is a cactus species in the genus Selenicereus that is native to northern South America, where it is known, along with its fruit, by the name of pitahaya. The species is grown commercially for its yellow fruit, but is also an impressive ornamental climbing vine with perhaps the largest flowers of all cacti.

The yellow skinned fruit of S. megalanthus has thorns, unlike the green, red or yellow skinned dragon fruits of S. undatus, S. monacanthus and their cultivated hybrids. S. megalanthus is commonly known as "yellow dragon fruit", "yellow pitahaya", "kirin fruit", or "yellow pitaya". This name leads at times to confusion, as unrelated cultivars of other dragonfruit species can also have yellow skinned fruit. One example of a yellow dragonfruit cultivar not related to S. megalanthus is 'Australian Gold'.

Pitaya
Pitaya (/pɪ.ˈtaɪ.ə/), pitahaya (/ˌpɪ.tə.ˈhaɪ.ə/) or commonly known as dragon fruit (and strawberry pear) is the fruit of several cactus species indigenous to the region of southern Mexico and along the Pacific coasts of Guatemala, Costa Rica, and El Salvador. Pitaya is cultivated in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, continental America, the Caribbean, Australia, Brazil, Madeira (Portugal), and throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Pitaya usually refers to fruit of the genus Stenocereus, while pitahaya or dragon fruit refers to fruit of the genus Selenicereus (formerly Hylocereus), both in the family Cactaceae. The common name in English, dragon fruit, derives from the leather-like skin and scaly spikes on the fruit exterior, evoking dragon skin. Depending on the variety, pitaya fruits may have sweet- or sour-tasting flesh that can be red, white, or yellow in color.
Lithuania District
Lithuania District (German: Verwaltungsbezirk Litauen) was an administrative subdivision of German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost, from 1915 to 1918, during World War I. It was bordered by the Bialystok-Grodno District to the south and the Courland District to the north.

Bialystok-Grodno District
Bialystok-Grodno District (German: Verwaltungbezirk Bialystok-Grodno) was an administrative subdivision of German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I (after the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive). It was bordered by the Lithuania District to the north.
Cathy Reed
Catherine Margaret Reed (キャシー・リード, Cathy Reed; born June 5, 1987) is a retired American-born Japanese ice dancer. With her brother Chris Reed, she is a seven-time Japanese national champion (2008–2011, 2013–2015).

Chris Reed (figure skater)
Chris Reed (July 7, 1989 – March 14, 2020) was an American-born Japanese ice dancer. With his sister Cathy Reed, he became a seven-time Japanese national champion (2008–2011, 2013–2015) and the 2011 Asian Winter Games silver medalist. They competed at two Winter Olympics (2010, 2014) and reached the final segment at nine ISU Championships.

With Kana Muramoto, Reed was the 2018 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2017 Asian Winter Games silver medalist and a three-time Japanese national champion (2016–2018). They competed in the final segment at five ISU Championships and the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Ragtime (film)
Ragtime is a 1981 American drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1975 historical novel Ragtime by E. L. Doctorow. It is set in and around New York City at the start of the 20th century, New Rochelle, and Atlantic City, and includes fictionalized references to actual people and events of the time. The film stars James Cagney, Mary Steenburgen, Howard Rollins, Brad Dourif, James Olson and Elizabeth McGovern.

Ragtime featured Cagney's and Pat O'Brien's final film appearances, as well as early roles for Jeff Daniels (his film debut), Fran Drescher, Samuel L. Jackson, Ethan Phillips, and John Ratzenberger.

Ragtime (novel)
Ragtime is a novel by E. L. Doctorow, first published in 1975. The sweeping historical fiction occurs in the area of New York City between 1902 and 1915.

Ragtime was ranked number 86 among Modern Library's 100 Best Novels in 1998. Time magazine included Ragtime in its list of 100 Best English-Language Novels from 1923 to 2005.
OpenClonk
OpenClonk is a free and open-source 2D multiplayer action game, in which the player controls small humanoids called "clonks". The main mechanics of the game include mining, settling, player vs player combat, and tactical gameplay. The game features a single-player and multiplayer mode, and supports cross-platform play across Microsoft Windows, Linux, and MacOS.

The OpenClonk project is a continuation of the Clonk game series and game engine, which are now discontinued. The source code is available under the ISC license and game content is licensed under CC BY-SA, CC BY and CC0.

Clonk
Clonk is a single-player and multiplayer video game series. The games feature a mix of the action, real-time strategy, and platform game genres. Developed between 1994 and 2014 by RedWolf Design, the games of the series were originally released as shareware and became freeware and later open source software around 2008 and 2014. The game's community has since developed the series under the name OpenClonk. The series was compared and described as a mixture of Worms, The Settlers, Tetris, Lemmings and Minecraft. The game was noted for the easy game "extension" mechanic with an integrated editor and developer mode, which allows experienced players to create their own modifications directly into the game.
K-30 truck
The K-30 truck, a US Signal Corps designation for an Autocar U8144 truck with York-Hoover van body, was used as the Operating Truck for the SCR-270, an early-warning radar of World War II.
2) 3) 4) Similar vehicles were the K-31 power truck for the SCR-270 early warning radar and K-62 or K-62-A, both operating trucks also for the SCR-270. K-30 and the similar K-62(-A) differed in cubic feet and overall height from the K-31.
On the accompanying image in the infobox can be seen, that the K-30 beside in cubic feet and overall height differed from the K-31 in having a window on the right side of the van body.
The panels at the back and at both sides were formed by two halves, that were folded up and down respectively.
This truck contains a high-power radio transmitter, a cooling system for the transmitter tubes, two cathode-ray oscilloscopes (one carried as a spare), two superheterodyne receivers (one spare), a vacuum-tube keyer, a plotting table, and containers for spare parts and tubes.

Autocar U8144T 5- to 6-ton 4×4 truck
The Autocar Model U8144T, officially "5- to 6-Ton, 4×4, Ponton Tractor Truck", (supply catalog number G511) was the largest, and most heavy-duty, of a family of heavy four-wheel drive trucks developed for, and deployed primarily with, the United States Army in World War II. They were of a "cab over engine" design, and produced by the Autocar Company from 1941 to 1945 with 2,711 being built.

The U8144 had a similar chassis, with van bodies by York-Hoover—607 were built for use of the SCR-270 early warning radar system by the U.S. Signal Corps.

As part of the same family, over 11,000 of the U7144-T, and some 2,750 of the virtually identical White 444T were built to serve as rear area tractor trucks to haul semi-trailers, ranging from flatbed to communications vans.