hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Principle of relativity
In physics, the principle of relativity is the requirement that the equations describing the laws of physics have the same form in all admissible frames of reference.

For example, in the framework of special relativity, the Maxwell equations have the same form in all inertial frames of reference. In the framework of general relativity, the Maxwell equations or the Einstein field equations have the same form in arbitrary frames of reference.

Several principles of relativity have been successfully applied throughout science, whether implicitly (as in Newtonian mechanics) or explicitly (as in Albert Einstein's special relativity and general relativity).

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
National Army (Uruguay)
The National Army of Uruguay (Spanish: Ejército Nacional del Uruguay) is the land force branch of the Armed Forces of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. The largest military branch, it is organized and trained to plan, execute and conduct the military actions for National Defense in the terrestrial sphere. It has its roots in the military campaigns of General José Gervasio Artigas within the framework of the Oriental revolution.

Armed Forces of Uruguay
The Armed Forces of Uruguay (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas del Uruguay or FF.AA. del Uruguay) consist of the National Army of Uruguay, the National Navy of Uruguay, and the Uruguayan Air Force. These three independent branches are constitutionally subordinate to the President of the Republic through the Minister of Defense. The government has trimmed the armed forces to about 16,800 for the Army; 6,000 for the Navy; and 3,000 for the Air Force. As of February 2003, Uruguay has more than 2,500 soldiers deployed on 12 UN Peacekeeping missions. The largest groups are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Haiti. There is also a 58-man contingent in the MFO in the Sinai.
Charlottenlund railway station
Charlottenlund station is a suburban rail and former main line railway station serving the suburb of Charlottenlund north of Copenhagen, Denmark, as well as the nearby Charlottenlund Beach Park and the Charlottenlund Racetrack. The station is located in the central part of the suburb where its main artery Jægersborg Allé crosses the railway line.

Charlottenlund station is located on the Klampenborg radial of Copenhagen's S-train network, a hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system serving Greater Copenhagen. It is served regularly by trains on the C-line which have a journey time to central Copenhagen of around 15 minutes. The station opened in 1863 with the opening of the Klampenborg Line between Copenhagen and Klampenborg, and has been served by the S-train network since 1934. Its second and current station building was built in 1898 to designs by the Danish architect Thomas Arboe (1836–1917).

Klampenborgbanen
The Klampenborg Line (Danish: Klampenborgbanen) is a railway line between Copenhagen and Klampenborg in the northern suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the shortest (13.3 km from København H) of the six radial lines of Copenhagen's S-train network, a hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system serving Greater Copenhagen.

The line runs parallel to the Coast Line regional line from central Copenhagen until Klampenborg, and serves residential neighbourhoods in the eastern part of Gentofte Municipality as well as popular recreational destinations at Klampenborg such as the Dyrehavsbakken amusement park, the Jægersborg Dyrehave forest park or the Bellevue Beach.
Basilica of St. Josaphat
The Basilica of St. Josaphat is a Catholic minor basilica in the Lincoln Village neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It was built in 1901 in the Polish cathedral style by Milwaukee's Polish immigrant community. The basilica is named for Josaphat Kuntsevych, a Ruthenian martyr and saint.

The basilica was constructed with materials from the former US Custom House, Court House, and Post Office in Chicago. Pope Pius XI designated St. Josaphat Church as the third minor basilica in the US in 1929. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated Milwaukee Landmark.

United States Custom House, Court House, and Post Office (Chicago, 1880)
The United States Custom House, Court House, and Post Office was a federal government building from the 1870s to 1896 in the block bounded by Adams Street, Jackson Boulevard, Dearborn Street, and Clark Street in the Chicago Loop
Solar eclipse of July 11, 1953
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, July 11, 1953, with a magnitude of 0.2015. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Canada, Greenland, and the Pacific Northwest.

Solar eclipse of August 9, 1953
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, August 9, 1953, with a magnitude of 0.3729. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Antarctica and extreme southern South America.
RideKC
RideKC is the brand for public transportation systems in the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The RideKC brand was adopted in August 2014 by the Kansas City Streetcar Authority, operators of the KC Streetcar line then under construction in Kansas City, Missouri. The Kansas City Area Transportation Authority adopted RideKC in November, followed by Johnson County Transit, IndeBus and Unified Government Transit.

Buses using the RideKC livery rolled out in Kansas City and Johnson County in October 2015. UG Transit transitioned in 2016, with IndeBus co-branding for the time being.

As part of the consolidation, a regionwide local fare for buses took effect in January 2016.

The RideKC website launched in October 2015 consolidating schedules, maps and other information for all participating transit agencies.

Johnson County Transit
Johnson County Transit is a public transit operator in Johnson County, Kansas. The agency operates 11 transit bus routes primarily in Johnson County, with service to Kansas City, Missouri as well as Wyandotte and Douglas counties in Kansas.

Johnson County Transit started operations in 1982 as Commuteride and began operating as The JO in 1986.  The JO took over service from the Kansas City Area Transportation Authority, which provided service in Johnson County until 1981.

In November of 2014, The JO was re-branded into "RideKC" – a branding effort designed to unify all Kansas City metro area transit providers under a single fare and route structure.

In 2024, the system had a ridership of 465,500, or about 1,800 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2025.
Barry Jackson (director)
Sir Barry Vincent Jackson (6 September 1879 – 3 April 1961) was an English theatre director, entrepreneur and the founder of the Birmingham Repertory Theatre and, alongside George Bernard Shaw, the Malvern Festival.

Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Birmingham Repertory Theatre, commonly called Birmingham Rep or just The Rep, is a producing theatre based on Centenary Square in Birmingham, England. Founded by Barry Jackson, it is the longest-established of Britain's building-based theatre companies and one of its most consistently innovative.

Today The Rep produces a wide range of drama in its three auditoria (825 seats, 300 seats, and 140 seats), much of which goes on to tour nationally and internationally. The company retains its commitment to new writing and in the five years to 2013 commissioned and produced 130 new plays.

The company's former home, now known as "The Old Rep", is still in use as a theatre.
County of Santa Clara v. California First Amendment Coalition
County of Santa Clara v. California First Amendment Coalition, 170 Cal. App. 4th 1301 (2009), was a case before the California Courts of Appeal dealing with the ability of a local California agency to limit the disclosure of, or require license agreements for, public records and data requested under the California Public Records Act (CPRA).

The court found that as public records, there was "no statutory basis either for copyrighting the GIS basemap or for conditioning its release on a licensing agreement" under United States copyright law because state freedom of information laws preclude a state agency’s reliance on federal copyright unless state law specifically permits it.

California Public Records Act
The California Public Records Act (Statutes of 1968, Chapter 1473; currently codified as Division 10 of Title 1 of the California Government Code) was a law passed by the California State Legislature and signed by governor Ronald Reagan in 1968 requiring inspection or disclosure of governmental records to the public upon request, unless exempted by law.

The law is similar to the Freedom of Information Act, except that "the people have the right of access to information concerning the conduct of the people's business" is enshrined in Article 1 of the California Constitution due to California Proposition 59 (the Sunshine Amendment, 2004).
Princess Sophie Friederike of Thurn and Taxis
Princess Sophie Friederike Dorothea Henriette of Thurn and Taxis, (20 July 1758 – 31 May 1800) was a member of the House of Thurn and Taxis and a Princess of Thurn and Taxis by birth. She was also a member of the House of Radziwiłł and Princess Radziwiłł through her marriage to Prince Hieronim Wincenty Radziwiłł. Sophie Friederike was briefly a member of the Kazanowski and Ostroróg Polish noble families through subsequent marriages. She was known as "the Jewel of Regensburg."

Hieronim Wincenty Radziwiłł
Prince Hieronim Wincenty Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: Jeronimas Vincentas Radvila) (11 May 1759 – 18 September 1786) was a Polish nobleman, prince, diplomat, politician and Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1780.

He was Count of Kleck, Great Cupbearer of Lithuania from 1779 and governor of Minsk.

He married Princess Sophie Friederike of Thurn and Taxis, daughter of Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Duchess Auguste of Württemberg, on 31 December 1775 in Regensburg.

He was decorated with the Order of Saint Hubert.
Samuel Marful-Sau
Samuel Kofi Marful-Sau (3 February 1957 – 10 August 2021) was a Ghanaian judge. He was an active justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana.

Marful-Sau was born in Assin Adubiase in the Central Region. After qualifying as a Barrister-at-law in 1984 he worked at the office of the Provisional National Defence Council and entered private legal practice prior to being called to the High Court bench in June 2002. He subsequently became an Appeal Court judge in 2006 and in 2018 he was appointed justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana.

He was nominated in 2018 by the president Nana Akufo-Addo in consultation with Council of State and the advice of the Judicial Council.

Supreme Court of Ghana
The Supreme Court of Ghana is the highest judicial body in Ghana. Ghana's 1992 constitution guarantees the independence and separation of the Judiciary from the Legislative and the Executive arms of government.

The Supreme Court of Ghana has the final say on legal matters and can overturn lower court decisions. The Court consists of nine justices and hears cases on a wide range of issues, including criminal law, civil law, and administrative law.
Struck Down
Struck Down is the second studio album by American hard rock/heavy metal band Yesterday and Today, released in 1978. It was one of the last rock albums to be released by London Records. A remastered version was released on CD by Rock Candy Records in June 2025.

The band would change their name to Y&T for their next studio album, Earthshaker.

Y&T
Y&T (originally known as Yesterday & Today) is an American hard rock/heavy metal band that formed in Oakland, California; the classic lineup that recorded the first album was cemented in 1974. The band released two studio albums on London Records as Yesterday & Today in the 1970s before shortening their name to Y&T, after which they released several albums on A&M Records beginning in 1981, and later on Geffen Records, Avex Records, and more. The band was originally co-managed by Herbie Herbert and Louis "Lou" Bramy. The band has sold over four million albums worldwide to date, output summarized as 18 albums, three greatest hits collections, and a boxed set.
Jupiler
Jupiler (French: [ʒypilɛʁ], Flemish: [ˈʑypilɛr] or [ʑypiˈleː]) is a Belgian beer introduced in 1966, now brewed by Anheuser–Busch InBev at Piedboeuf Brewery in the Jupille-sur-Meuse neighbourhood of Liège. Jupiler is the highest selling beer in Belgium, with around 40 percent share by volume.

Jupille-sur-Meuse
Jupille or Jupille-sur-Meuse (French pronunciation: [ʒypij syʁ møz], literally Jupille on Meuse; Walloon: Djoupeye) is a sub-municipality of the city of Liège located in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Liège.

Jupille is the location of the brewery Piedbœuf (InBev group), where Jupiler is made.  It is also the death place of Pepin of Herstal. It has also been proposed as the birthplace of Pepin the Short, King of the Franks (751-768) and perhaps even of his son Charlemagne, Emperor and king of the Franks, but there is no sure proof for these suppositions.
Selworthy Beacon
Selworthy Beacon is a hill and Marilyn of Exmoor in Somerset, England. It lies within the boundaries of Exmoor National Park, to the north of the village of Selworthy and northwest of Minehead. A road leads to the top, where there is a National Trust plaque and a view of the south coast of Wales across the Bristol Channel. The South West Coast Path also climbs the hill and ends slightly shy of the summit.

Selworthy
Selworthy is a small village and civil parish 5 kilometres (3 mi) from Minehead in Somerset, England. It is located in the National Trust's Holnicote Estate on the northern fringes of Exmoor. The parish includes the hamlets of Bossington, Tivington, Lynch, Brandish Street and Allerford.

At 308 metres (1,010 ft) Selworthy Beacon, rising above the village, is one of the highest points on Exmoor. Its height defines as one of the 'marilyns" in England. Near the summit are a series of cairns, thought to be the remains of round barrows, and the British Iron Age Bury Castle.

Bossington is separated from Porlock Bay by a shingle beach, through which flows the River Horner, forming part of the Porlock Ridge and Saltmarsh Site of Special Scientific Interest. In the 1990s rising sea levels created salt marshes, and lagoons developed in the area behind the boulder bank. The village is on the South West Coast Path.
Fundamental pair of periods
In mathematics, a fundamental pair of periods is an ordered pair of complex numbers that defines a lattice in the complex plane. This type of lattice is the underlying object with which elliptic functions and modular forms are defined.

Elliptic function
In the mathematical field of complex analysis, elliptic functions are special kinds of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they come from elliptic integrals. Those integrals are in turn named elliptic because they first were encountered for the calculation of the arc length of an ellipse.

Important elliptic functions are Jacobi elliptic functions and the Weierstrass -function.

Further development of this theory led to hyperelliptic functions and modular forms.
724th Strategic Missile Squadron
The 724th Strategic Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit inactivated on 25 June 1965. It was last assigned to the 451st Strategic Missile Wing at Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado.

The squadron was first activated during World War II in May 1943 as the 724th Bombardment Squadron.  After training in the United States, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany.  The squadron earned three Distinguished Unit Citations for its actions during the war.  Following V-E Day, the 724th returned to the United States and was inactivated.  It was activated again as a missile unit in 1961, assuming the assets of another squadron.

451st Air Expeditionary Group
The 451st Air Expeditionary Group was a provisional United States Air Force USAFCENT unit.  It was assigned to Kandahar Airfield and is also the host unit at Kandahar.  It reported to the 455th Air Expeditionary Wing at Bagram Air Base.

The group provided intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, command and control, remotely piloted aircraft operations, and airborne data link capabilities.

During the Cold War, the Strategic Air Command 451st Strategic Missile Wing was the first fully operational HGM-25A Titan I ICBM wing in 1962. During World War II, the wing's predecessor unit, the 451st Bombardment Group was a Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombardment organization, assigned to Fifteenth Air Force in Italy.
Vidyapati
Vidyapati (c. 1352–1448), also known by the sobriquet Maithil Kavi Kokil (lit. 'the poet cuckoo of Maithili'), was a Maithili and Sanskrit polymath-poet-saint, playwright, composer, biographer, philosopher, law-theorist, writer, courtier and royal priest. He was a devotee of Shiva, but also wrote love songs and devotional Vaishnava songs. He had knowledge of, and composed works in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsha and Maithili.

Vidyapati's influence was not just restricted to Maithili and Sanskrit literature but also extended to other Eastern Indian literary traditions.
During Vidyapati’s time, the Prakrit-derived late Abahattha language was transitioning into early forms of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages such as Maithili. Thus, Vidyapati's influence on making these languages has been described as "analogous to that of Dante in Italy and Chaucer in England".

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
Nell Gwynn (play)
Nell Gwynn is a play by the British playwright Jessica Swale, begun in 2013 and premiering at Shakespeare's Globe from 19 September to 17 October 2015. It deals with the life of Nell Gwynn, mistress of Charles II, and her part in the theatre of the 17th century. Gugu Mbatha-Raw played the title role in the production debut.

Nell Gwyn
Eleanor Gwyn (also spelled Gwynn, Gwynne, Gwin; 2 February 1650 – 14 November 1687) was an English stage actress and celebrity figure of the Restoration period. Praised by Samuel Pepys for her comic performances as one of the first actresses on the English stage, she became best known for being a longtime mistress of King Charles II of England.

Called "pretty, witty Nell" by Pepys, she has been regarded as a living embodiment of the spirit of Restoration England, and has come to be considered a folk heroine, with a story echoing the rags-to-royalty tale of Cinderella. Gwyn had two sons by King Charles: Charles Beauclerk (1670–1726) and James Beauclerk (1671–1680). Charles Beauclerk was created Earl of Burford and Duke of St Albans; Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans is her descendant, and the current holder of the title.
Brad Oscar
Brad Oscar (born September 22, 1964) is an American musical theatre actor, known for his Broadway performances in musicals such as The Producers, Something Rotten!, Big Fish, Spamalot, The Addams Family, Mrs. Doubtfire and Wicked.

He has earned two Tony Award nominations: one for The Producers as Franz Liebkind, and one for Something Rotten! as Thomas Nostradamus. He starred in the Off-Broadway revival of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street in 2017 as Beadle Bamford and as Mr. Mushnik in the Off-Broadway revival of Little Shop of Horrors from 2022 to 2024.

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Hugh Wheeler. It is based on the 1970 play Sweeney Todd by Christopher Bond. The character of Sweeney Todd first appeared in a Victorian penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has been revived in many productions and inspired a film adaptation. The original logo for the musical is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the sign replaced by a straight razor. There is also a woman wearing a blood-stained dress and holding a rolling pin next to the man.
Laval-sur-le-Lac–Île-Bizard Ferry
The Laval-sur-le-Lac–Île-Bizard Ferry is a seasonal reaction ferry, crossing the city limits of Montreal in the Canadian province of Quebec. It carries cars, bicycles and pedestrians across the Rivière des Prairies from Laval-sur-le-Lac to Île Bizard.

The ferry carries a maximum of 34 passengers and 6 vehicles 200 m (656 ft) across the river in 3 minutes using its current as the motive force.

As of 2024 season, the cost for automobiles is CAD $6.

Reaction ferry
A reaction ferry is a cable ferry that uses the reaction of the current of a river against a fixed tether to propel the vessel across the water. Such ferries operate faster and more effectively in rivers with strong currents.
Maxxine Dupri
Sydney Jeannine Zmrzel Luke (born May 19, 1997) is an American professional wrestler, model, and dancer. She has been signed to WWE since 2022, where she performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Maxxine Dupri. She is a member of the Alpha Academy stable. She is a former one-time WWE Women's Intercontinental Champion.

WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship
The WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship created and promoted by the American promotion WWE, defended on the Raw brand division. It is one of two secondary women's championships on WWE's main roster, along with the WWE Women's United States Championship on SmackDown. The current champion is AJ Lee, who is in her first reign. She won the title by defeating Becky Lynch at Elimination Chamber on February 28, 2026.