hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Color chart
A color chart or color reference card is a flat, physical object that has many different color samples present. They can be available as a single-page chart, or in the form of swatchbooks or color-matching fans.

Typically there are two different types of color charts:

Color reference charts are intended for color comparisons and measurements. Typical tasks for such charts are checking the color reproduction of an imaging system, aiding in color management or visually determining the hue of color. Examples are the IT8 and ColorChecker charts.

Color selection charts present a palette of available colors to aid the selection of spot colors, process colors, paints, pens, crayons, and so on – usually the colors are from a manufacturers product range. Examples are the Pantone and RAL systems.

IT8
IT8 is a set of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards for color communications and control specifications.  Formerly governed by the IT8 Committee, IT8 activities were merged with those of the Committee for Graphics Arts Technologies Standards (CGATS Archived November 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine) in 1994.
Jim Lindberg
James William Lindberg (born July 26, 1965) is an American singer and guitarist. Active since the 1980s, when he played in local bands in his early career, he is best known as the songwriter and lead singer of the punk rock band Pennywise, which he fronted from 1988 to 2009, and has again since 2012. He also founded The Black Pacific, who released a debut album in 2010.

Lindberg became Pennywise's main lyricist after the death of bassist Jason Thirsk, who was responsible for encouraging the band's message of positive mental attitude and self-reliance. A UCLA English major graduate, Lindberg often cited American transcendentalist philosophers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as major influences on his lyrics. With titles such as "My Own Way", "It's Up to You", "Date With Destiny", and "My Own Country", Lindberg's lyrics often reflected the transcendentalist credo to live life by one's own rules and not adhere to the materialistic constraints of society or authority.

The Black Pacific (album)
The Black Pacific is the debut studio album by the American punk rock band of the same name, which was released on September 14, 2010. Two of their songs, "The System" and "When It's Over", are available for listening on their official website.
April (song)
"April" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Rose Gray. It was released by Polydor Records on 12 September 2025 as the second single from A Little Louder, Please, the deluxe edition of her debut studio album, Louder, Please. Gray co-wrote the song with Alex Drury, with Alex Metric producing it.

Following the genre of the original album, "April" is a club-pop song and Gray views it as "the big sister" of Louder, Please. The lyrical content of "April" explores a woman that Gray met on a night out, describing her as a carefree, sexy woman on the dancefloor who made her want to live more.

Louder, Please
Louder, Please is the debut studio album by the English singer Rose Gray, released on 17 January 2025 through PIAS Recordings. She co-wrote the album with a variety of collaborators and producers, including Alex Metric, Sega Bodega, Ryland Blackinton, Vaughn Oliver, and Shawn Wasabi. The album was preceded by the release of five singles between July and December 2024: "Free", "Angel of Satisfaction", "Switch", "Wet & Wild", and "Party People".
Moshe Feinstein
Moshe Feinstein (Yiddish: משה פֿײַנשטײן; Lithuanian pronunciation: Moishe Fainshtein; English: Moses Feinstein; March 3, 1895 – March 23, 1986) was a Russian-born American Orthodox Jewish rabbi, scholar, and posek (authority on halakha—Jewish law). He has been called the most famous Orthodox Jewish legal authority of the 20th century and his rulings are often referenced in contemporary rabbinic literature. Feinstein served as president of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis, chairman of the Council of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of the Agudath Israel of America, and head of Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem in New York.

Feinstein is commonly called "Reb Moshe" (or "Rav Moshe").

Reuven Feinstein
Sholom Reuven Feinstein (Hebrew: שלום ראובן פיינשטיין; born August 1937) is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and rosh yeshiva of the Yeshiva of Staten Island, New York. He is the younger of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's two sons, the leading posek of post-war America.
Will Palmer (cricketer)
William Palmer (1737 – February 1790) was an English cricketer who played during the 1760s and 1770s. He was born and died in Coulsdon, Surrey. As a top-order batsman, he was a member of the local Coulsdon Cricket Club and also played county cricket for Surrey. Most of Palmer's career was before cricket's statistical record began in the 1772 season so relatively little is known of him. However, he regularly played in noteworthy matches until 1776. He has been recorded in 24 eleven-a-side matches, and in one single wicket match. He was last recorded playing for Coulsdon against Chertsey in 1784 when he was 47 years old.

Coulsdon Cricket Club
Coulsdon Cricket Club was an English cricket club based at Coulsdon, Surrey. The club is believed to have been formed in the early 1760s, and it had for a time a great rivalry with Chertsey Cricket Club. One of the club's most notable players was Will Palmer.
Dennis Jennings (Internet pioneer)
Dennis M. Jennings is an Irish physicist, academic, Internet pioneer, and venture capitalist. In 1985–1986 he was responsible for three critical decisions that shaped the subsequent development of NSFNET, the network that became the Internet.

National Science Foundation Network
The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) from 1985 to 1995 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States. The program created several nationwide backbone computer networks in support of these initiatives. It was created to link researchers to the NSF-funded supercomputing centers. Later, with additional public funding and also with private industry partnerships, the network developed into a major part of the Internet backbone.

The National Science Foundation permitted only government agencies and universities to use the network until 1989 when the first commercial Internet service provider emerged. By 1991, the NSF removed access restrictions and the commercial ISP business grew rapidly.
C/1988 A1 (Liller)
C/1988 A1 (Liller) is a non-periodic comet discovered on 11 January 1988 by William Liller. The comet is part of a family of comets, known as the Liller family, which also includes the comets C/1996 Q1 (Tabur), C/2015 F3 (SWAN), C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS), and C/2023 V5 (Leonard).

C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS) is a comet with a near-parabolic orbit discovered by the ATLAS survey on 16 December 2019. It passed perihelion on 15 March 2020 at 0.84 AU from the Sun. Its orbit is very similar to C/1988 A1 (Liller), C/1996 Q1 (Tabur), C/2015 F3 (SWAN) and C/2023 V5 (Leonard), suggesting they may be fragments of a larger ancient comet.
Shazzan
Shazzan is an American animated television series created by Alex Toth and produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions that aired on Saturday mornings on CBS from September 9, 1967, to January 20, 1968, and continued in reruns until September 6, 1969. The series follows the adventures of two 12-year-old siblings, Chuck and Nancy, traveling around a mystical Arabian world, mounted on Kaboobie the flying camel. During their journey they face several dangers, but they are aided by Shazzan, a genie with magical powers. 18 half-hour episodes were produced, made up of two 11-minute segments.

Space Ghost (TV series)
Space Ghost is an American Saturday-morning superhero animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, first broadcast on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 16, 1967, and continued reruns until September 7, 1968. The series was composed of two unrelated segments, Space Ghost and Dino Boy in the Lost Valley. The series was created by Alex Toth and produced and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Sometimes, it is alternatively called Space Ghost & Dino Boy to acknowledge the presence of both shows.

The Space Ghost segments were seen again in the 1976 series Space Ghost and Frankenstein Jr. (which replaced the Dino Boy segments with the Frankenstein Jr. ones from fellow Hanna-Barbera show Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles), which aired on NBC from November 27, 1976, to September 4, 1977, after NBC put The Kids From C.A.P.E.R. on hiatus.
Church of St Walburge, Preston
St Walburge's Church  is a Roman Catholic church in Preston, Lancashire, England, northwest of the city centre on Weston Street. The church was built in the mid-19th century to a design by the Gothic Revival architect Joseph Hansom, the designer of the hansom cab, and is famous as having the tallest spire of any parish church in England. St Walburge's is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade I listed building.

In 2014 Michael Campbell, Roman Catholic Bishop of Lancaster, entrusted the church to the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest as a shrine for Eucharistic Devotion.

Joseph Hansom
Joseph Aloysius Hansom (26 October 1803 – 29 June 1882) was an English architect working principally in the Gothic Revival style.  He invented the Hansom cab and founded the eminent architectural journal The Builder in 1843.
Lesser Armenia
Lesser Armenia (Armenian: Փոքր Հայք, romanized: P’ok’r Hayk’; Latin: Armenia Minor; Ancient Greek: Mικρά Αρμενία, romanized: Mikrá Armenía), also known as Armenia Minor and Armenia Inferior, is a region in West Asia that comprised the Armenian-populated regions primarily to the west and northwest of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (also known as Kingdom of Greater Armenia), on the western side of the Euphrates River. It was also a kingdom, separate from Greater Armenia, from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD. The region was later reorganized into the Armeniac Theme under the Byzantine Empire.

Armeniac Theme
The Armeniac Theme (Greek: Ἀρμενιακόν [θέμα], Armeniakon [thema]), more properly the Theme of the Armeniacs (Greek: θέμα Ἀρμενιακῶν, thema Armeniakōn), was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) located in northeastern Asia Minor (modern Turkey).
Peugeot 604
The Peugeot 604 is an executive car produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot from 1975 to 1985. 153,252 cars were sold during its 10-year production life. It was made in France and also assembled by Kia in South Korea, between 1979 and 1981.

The Pininfarina-designed 604 was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1975 and drew praise for its formal, handsome styling. Denmark's Bilrevyen 1976 ("The Car Review 1976"), for example, described the styling as possessing a "calm elegance". Sales began in September 1975. Based "on the principles of the Peugeot 504", using its bulkhead, doors, and part of the 504 floorpan, and usually powered by the then-new 144 PS (106 kW) 2.7-litre V6 PRV engine, developed in conjunction with Renault and Volvo, the car was Peugeot's first entry into the large luxury saloon market for 40 years - the most recent being the short-lived Peugeot 601 of 1934.

V6 PRV engine
The V6 PRV engine is an overhead cam V6 automobile engine designed and manufactured by the company "Française de Mécanique" for PRV, an alliance of Peugeot, Renault and Volvo Cars. Sold from 1974 to 1998, it was produced in four displacements between 2.5 L and 3.0, and in both SOHC and DOHC and 2-valve and 4-valve per cylinder configurations. Originally carbureted, it adopted fuel-injection for improved emissions compliance and improved performance, and was offered in turbo and biturbo versions in a limited number of vehicles made by Renault, Chrysler Motors, and French sports car manufacturer Venturi.

It was gradually replaced after 1994 by another engine jointly developed by Peugeot-successor PSA and Renault, known as the ES engine at PSA and the L engine at Renault.
Gabriella Cilmi
Gabriella Lucia Cilmi (/ˈtʃɪlmi/ CHIL-mee; Italian: [ˈtʃilmi]; born 10 October 1991) is an Australian pop singer and songwriter. A contralto, Cilmi is known for her distinctive raspy singing voice.

Her debut album, Lessons to Be Learned, was released in March 2008, becoming a moderate international success. Cilmi won six ARIA Music Awards, including Single of the Year and Best Female Artist, in 2008. Her second studio album, Ten, was released in March 2010. Her third studio album, The Sting, was released in November 2013. In November 2019, Cilmi released a six-track EP, The Water, which she called a taste of a yet-to-be-released studio album. Cilmi holds dual Australian-Italian citizenship. In February 2025, Cilmi returned home to Australia to support The Corrs on the Australian leg of their tour.

The Sting (Gabriella Cilmi album)
The Sting is the third studio album by Australian recording artist Gabriella Cilmi, released on 8 November 2013 on Cilmi's imprint Sweetness Tunes, through Absolute Marketing & Distribution. The Sting marks Cilmi's first independently released LP after parting ways with Island Records in 2010 following her second album Ten.
Elizabeth Hatton
Elizabeth, Lady Coke (née Cecil; 1578 – 3 January 1646), was an English court office holder. She served as lady-in-waiting to the queen consort of England, Anne of Denmark. She was the daughter of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, and Dorothy Neville, and the granddaughter of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley. She was the wife of Sir William Hatton and later of Sir Edward Coke.

Frances Coke, Viscountess Purbeck
Frances Coke, Viscountess Purbeck (August 1602 – 4 June 1645), was the sister-in-law of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, and the central figure in a notable sex scandal within the English aristocracy of the early 17th century that was known at the time as "the Lady Purbeck’s business".
Gérald Genta
Gérald Charles Genta (1 May 1931 – 17 August 2011) was a Swiss watchmaker and artist. He is known for his eponymous line of timepieces Gerald Genta, and his company Gerald Charles, as well as his design work with other high-end watch manufacturers, including IWC Schaffhausen, Omega, Universal Genève, Patek Philippe and Audemars Piguet. Genta created the Patek Phillipe Nautilus and the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak, to date the best-selling models of both houses. In addition, at age 23, he designed the Universal Geneve Polerouter, with the first commercially available Microrotor movement for SAS airlines. He is regarded as one of the most influential people in the history of horology.

Christie's auction house of New York has called Genta's work "the Fabergé of watches", while The Wall Street Journal has called them the "world's most complicated and pricey watches".

IWC Schaffhausen
IWC International Watch Co. AG, founded as the International Watch Company and trading as IWC Schaffhausen, is a Swiss luxury watch manufacturer located in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. Originally founded in Switzerland by American watchmaker Florentine Ariosto Jones in 1868, the company was transferred to the Rauschenbach family in 1880 after bankruptcy and has been a subsidiary of the Swiss Richemont Group since 2000.

IWC is best known for its luxury pilot/aviation watches and for being a pioneer in the use of ceramic and titanium in watchmaking. In 2018, IWC was recognized by the WWF for its environmental efforts and received an "Ambitious" rating, placing first amongst fifteen other Swiss watchmakers.
Public housing estates in Cheung Sha Wan
The following is an overview of Public housing estates in Cheung Sha Wan, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Green Form Subsidised Home Ownership Scheme (GFSHOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.

Lei Cheng Uk Estate
Lei Cheng Uk Estate (Chinese: 李鄭屋邨; Jyutping: Lei5 Zeng6 Uk1 Cyun1; Cantonese Yale: Léihjehng'ūk Chyūn) is a public housing estate and Tenants Purchase Scheme estate in Lei Cheng Uk, downhill from Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, located near the So Uk Estate. Since the redevelopment in 1980s, the estate consists of 10 residential buildings completed in 1984, 1989 and 1990 respectively. In 2002, some of the flats were sold to tenants through Tenants Purchase Scheme Phase 5. The estate is now managed by Hong Kong Housing Society.
Brian Lopez (musician)
Brian Lopez (born 1983 in Tucson, Arizona) is a Mexican-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and recording artist from Southern Arizona. His music is influenced by grunge rock, cross-border musical traditions and has come to epitomize the sound of the 21st-century American Southwest. A significant figure in the development of the Southwest psychedelic rock movement, Lopez has established a number of noted bands including Mostly Bears and Xixa, and played with internationally recognized artists Calexico, Giant Sand, KT Tunstall, and Nouvelle Vague. His solo albums include Ultra, Static Noise, and Prelude. Lopez's musical style has been compared to Nick Drake, Elliott Smith, Jeff Buckley, and Radiohead.

Calexico (band)
Calexico is an American indie rock band based in Tucson, Arizona. Founded in 1996, the band's two main members, Joey Burns and John Convertino, first played together in Los Angeles as part of the group Giant Sand. They have recorded a number of albums on Quarterstick Records and City Slang, and their 2005 EP, In the Reins, recorded with Iron & Wine, reached the Billboard 200 album charts. Their musical style is influenced by traditional Latin sounds of mariachi, conjunto, cumbia, and tejano mixed with country, jazz, and post-rock.

The band is named for the border town of Calexico, California, and has been described by some as "desert noir".
Qalun
Abu Musa ‘Isa Ibn Mina al-Zarqi, better known as Qalun (120-220AH), was a significant figure in the spread of the Qira'at, or variant methods for recitation of the Qur'an. Being one of the two primary transmitters of the canonical method of Nafi‘ al-Madani, Qalun's recitation is currently the norm for Qur'an reading in mosques in Qatar as well as parts of Libya and Tunisia, and is quite popular among West Africans. The method of Qalun and his counterpart Warsh was also the most popular method of recitation in Islamic Spain.

Because he was deaf, he would detect and correct his students' mistakes, according to ibn Abu Khatim, by reading their lips; according to Yaqut, by getting so close to the student's mouth with his ear. He was born in Medina in the year 738, and he died there in 835.

Warsh
Abu Sa'id Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qebṭi, better known as Warsh (110-197AH), was a significant figure in the history of Quranic recitation (qira'at), the canonical methods of reciting the Qur'an. Alongside Qalun, he was one of the two primary transmitters of the canonical reading method of Nafi‘ al-Madani. Together, their style is the most common form of Qur'anic recitation in the generality of African mosques outside of Egypt, and is also popular in Yemen and Darfur despite the rest of Sudan following the method of Hafs. The method of Warsh and his counterpart Qalun was also the most popular method of recitation in Al-Andalus. The majority of printed Mushafs today in North Africa and West Africa follow the reading of Warsh.
Nikolai Kondratiev
Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kondratiev (/kɒnˈdrɑːtiɛv/; also Kondratieff; Russian: Никола́й Дми́триевич Кондра́тьев; 4 March 1892 – 17 September 1938) was a Russian Soviet economist and proponent of the New Economic Policy (NEP) best known for the business cycle theory known as Kondratiev waves. Despite being a Soviet citizen, he was not a Marxian economist.

Kondratiev became an early leading figure of Soviet economics and promoted the NEP's system of small private free market enterprises in the Soviet Union. Kondratiev's theory that Western capitalist economies have long term (50-to-60-year) cycles of boom followed by depression gained recognition inside and outside the Soviet Union.

Kondratiev was condemned and imprisoned in 1930, but continued to work until his execution during the Great Purge in 1938. Some of his work was published, for the first time, posthumously.

Kondratiev wave
In economics, Kondratiev waves (also called supercycles, great surges, long waves, K-waves or the long economic cycle) are hypothesized cycle-like phenomena in the modern world economy. The phenomenon is closely connected with the technology life cycle.

It is stated that the period of a wave ranges from forty to sixty years, the cycles consist of alternating intervals of high sectoral growth and intervals of relatively slow growth.

Long wave theory is not accepted by most academic economists. Among economists who accept it, there is a lack of agreement about both the cause of the waves and the start and end years of particular waves. Among critics of the theory, the consensus is that it involves recognizing patterns that may not exist (apophenia).
Sedum
Sedum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species, subsequently reduced to 400–500. They are leaf succulents found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in Africa and South America. The plants vary from annual and creeping herbs to shrubs. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many stamens as petals. Various species formerly classified as Sedum are now in the segregate genera Hylotelephium and Rhodiola.

Well-known European species of Sedum are Sedum acre, Sedum album, Sedum dasyphyllum, and Sedum hispanicum.

Sedum caeruleum
Sedum caeruleum, commonly known as the azure stonecrop, sky stone-crop, baby-blue stone-crop or red-leaf, is a species of Sedum from the family Crassulaceae. It is native to Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Sardinia, Corsica, and Sicily. The plant is a short, bushy annual with pale blue flowers. The leaves are succulent, narrowly oblong, and usually tinted red.
Neithhotep
Neithhotep or Neith-hotep (fl. c. 3050 BC) was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived and ruled during the early First Dynasty. Archeological evidence may indicate that she may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right, and as such would have been the earliest known female monarch in history. She was subsequently considered to be the wife of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer, and the mother of Hor-Aha. She was once wrongfully thought to be a male ruler: her outstandingly large mastaba and the royal serekh surrounding her name on several seal impressions previously led Egyptologists and historians to the erroneous belief that she might have been an unknown king. As the understanding of early Egyptian writings developed, scholars learned that Neithhotep was in fact a woman of extraordinary rank.

Serekh
In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a serekh is a rectangular enclosure representing the niched or gated façade of a palace surmounted by (usually) the Horus falcon, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name. The serekh was the earliest convention used to set apart the royal name in ancient Egyptian iconography, predating the later and better known cartouche by four dynasties and five to seven hundred years.