hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine
The National Antarctic Scientific Center (NANC) (Ukrainian: Національний антарктичний науковий центр, romanized: Natsionalnyi antarktychnyi naukovyi tsentr, abbreviated as НАНЦ) is an organization of the Ukrainian government, part of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The center operates Vernadsky Research Base and coordinates Ukrainian research of Antarctic. Since 2021, it has operated the polar supply and research ship Noosfera.

The National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine (NASC) was designated as the lead institution of the Ukrainian IPY Initiative Group for the International Polar Year 2007-2008.

Vernadsky Research Base
The Vernadsky Research Base (Ukrainian: Антарктична станція Академік Вернадський, romanized: Antarktychna stantsiia Akademik Vernadskyi) is a Ukrainian Antarctic research station  at Marina Point on Galindez Island in the Argentine Islands, not far from Kyiv Peninsula. The region is under territorial claims between three countries (see Territorial claims in Antarctica). The single Ukrainian Antarctic station is named after the mineralogist Vladimir Vernadsky (1863–1945) who was the first president of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

A British research base was established in 1947 as Faraday Station (Station F) and transferred to Ukraine in 1996. Coordination and operational administration of the base is conducted by the National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine which is part of Ministry of Education and Sciences of Ukraine.

The closest Antarctic stations are Palmer Station of the United States and Yelcho Base of Chile, reopened in 2015.
Glasgow Cathcart (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Cathcart (Gaelic: Glaschu Cathcart) is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood), being one of eight constituencies within the Glasgow City council area. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. It is also one of nine constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat has been held by James Dornan of the Scottish National Party since the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

As a result of the second periodic review of Scottish Parliament boundaries in 2025, the constituency will be abolished from the 2026 Scottish Parliament election. Most of Glasgow Cathcart will form part of the new seat of Glasgow Cathcart and Pollok, with a portion also being transferred to Glasgow Southside.

Glasgow Southside
Glasgow Southside is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament, being one of eight constituencies within the Glasgow City council area. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of eight constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. The seat is currently held by Nicola Sturgeon who was First Minister of Scotland from 2014 to 2023, who has held it for the Scottish National Party since the seat was created for 2011 Scottish Parliament election.
Victor-Constant Michel
Général Victor-Constant Michel (30 January 1850 – 8 November 1937) was a French general officer. He led the French Army in 1911, but following his opposition to the French strategy for war with Germany was replaced by General Joseph Joffre in July 1911. In August 1914, he was the Military Governor of Paris, but was replaced later that month by General Joseph Gallieni.

Joseph Gallieni
Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 – 27 May 1916) was a French military officer, active for most of his career as a military commander and administrator in the French colonies where he wrote several books on colonial affairs.

He was recalled from retirement at the beginning of the First World War. As military governor of Paris he played an important role in the First Battle of the Marne, when Maunoury's Sixth Army, which was under his command, attacked the German west flank. A small portion of its strength was rushed to the front in commandeered Paris taxicabs.

From October 1915 he served as Minister of War, resigning from that post in March 1916 after criticizing the performance of the French Commander-in-Chief, Joseph Joffre (formerly his subordinate, earlier in their careers), during the German attack on Verdun. He died later that year and was made Marshal of France posthumously in 1921.
CSS Run'her
The Run'her was a Confederate cargo and minelaying steamship that was shipwrecked in the Bay of Angra, on the island of Terceira in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores in 1863. It is part of the subaquatic archaeological park of the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo.

Bay of Angra
Bay of Angra (Portuguese: Baía de Angra) is a natural bay within the coastal extent of the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, on the Portuguese island of Terceira in the archipelago of the Azores. Within an average depth of 40 metres (130 ft), the bay has been of historical importance to the island; since the 15th century, it was a port-of-call for returning merchant shipping from the East Indies and Brazil, laden with gold, silver, porcelain, spices, rare woods, and other goods. These ships would anchor in the Bay of Angra until supported by armed escorts, which would accompany the ships on the rest of their voyage to Portugal. The Bay at Angra provided shelter from northern and northwestern winds; only storms originating to the south or southeast, posed a threat. Nonetheless, the Bay is the final resting-place of several ships affected by the adverse winds: local archives and a rich oral tradition support the foundering of many ships against the leeward shore.
Kai Province
Kai Province (甲斐国, Kai no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Yamanashi Prefecture.  Kai bordered on Sagami, Suruga, Shinano and Musashi Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Kōshū (甲州, [koꜜː.ɕɯː]). The origin of its name is uncertain. It lies in central Honshū, west of Tokyo, in a landlocked mountainous region that includes Mount Fuji along its border with modern Shizuoka Prefecture.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
Sunrise Dam Gold Mine
The Sunrise Dam Gold Mine is located 55 km south of Laverton, Western Australia, on the eastern margin of Lake Carey. It is fully owned by AngloGold Ashanti and comprises a large-scale mechanized underground mine with a conventional gravity and leach process plant. In 2015 the mine accounted for 5% of the company's production.

Laverton, Western Australia
Laverton, originally known as British Flag, is a town in the Goldfields region of Western Australia, and the centre of administration for the Shire of Laverton. The town of Laverton is located at the western edge of the Great Victoria Desert, 957 kilometres (595 mi) north-northeast of the state capital, Perth, and 124 kilometres (77 mi) east-northeast of the town of Leonora, with an elevation of 461 metres (1,512 ft).

About 20% of the population is of Aboriginal descent. The area is semi-arid, with a mean annual rainfall of 233 millimetres (9.2 in). It is also quite warm, with mean daily maximum temperatures ranging from 17 °C (62 °F) in July to 36 °C (97 °F) in January.

Laverton is the westernmost town on the Outback Way – a proposed highway which goes through the Northern Territory to Winton in outback Queensland.
John Henry (horse)
John Henry (March 9, 1975 – October 8, 2007) was an American champion Thoroughbred racehorse. He was sired by Ole Bob Bowers (by Prince Blessed) out of Once Double (by Double Jay). John Henry had 39 wins with $6,591,860 in earnings, was twice voted the Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year, and was listed as #23 on Blood Horse magazine's Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century.

Prince Blessed
Prince Blessed (foaled 1957 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who, at $77,000, was the highest priced yearling auctioned in 1958. He is best known for winning the 1961 Hollywood Gold Cup as well as for siring Ole Bob Bowers who in turn sired the two-time American Horse of the Year and U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, John Henry.
Grove Recreation Ground
The James Grove Recreation & Sports Ground, also known as the Grove Recreation Ground, The Grove, or the Stourbridge Road Ground, is a football stadium in Halesowen, England. It has been home to Halesowen Town Football Club since 1882. The ground was built in the 1850s for Halesowen Cricket Club who used the stadium until 1948.

Halesowen Town F.C.
Halesowen Town Football Club is a football club based in Halesowen, West Midlands, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Premier Division Central and play at the Grove Recreation Ground.
Ivane Akhaltsikheli
Ivane Akhaltiskheli (Georgian: ივანე ახალციხელი) (died 1226) was a Georgian military commander, and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia. He was member of the House of Toreli-Akhaltsikheli, and the brother of Shalva Akhaltsikheli.

Shalva Akhaltsikheli
Shalva Akhaltsikheli (Georgian: შალვა ახალციხელი) (died 1227) was a Georgian military commander and court official. He was a member of the Akhaltsikheli family and held the title of Duke of Akhalkalaki. Shalva served as Mechurchletukhutsesi (Lord High Treasurer) and Mandaturtukhutsesi (Lord High Mandator), under Queen Tamar and her successor, King George IV. He was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church which commemorates him on June 17/June 30 (O.S.).
Romina Power
Romina Francesca Power (born October 2, 1951) is an American actress and singer. She is the daughter of actor Tyrone Power and actress Linda Christian. With her then-husband, Albano Carrisi, she formed the music duo Al Bano & Romina Power, which gained popularity in many parts of the world during the 1980s.

Linda Christian
Linda Christian (born Blanca Rosa Henrietta Stella Welter Vorhauer; November 13, 1923 – July 22, 2011) was a Mexican film actress who appeared in Mexican and Hollywood films. Her career reached its peak in the 1940s and 1950s. She played Mara in the last Johnny Weissmuller Tarzan film Tarzan and the Mermaids (1948). She is also noted for being the first Bond girl, appearing in a 1954 television adaptation of the James Bond novel Casino Royale. In 1963, she starred as Eva Ashley in an episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour titled "An Out for Oscar".
Denmark, Wisconsin
Denmark is a village in Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 2,408 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village is located within the town of New Denmark.

Denmark began to be settled by Danish immigrants in 1848, and has been referred to, along with Hartland, Wisconsin, as the "nuclei of what developed into one of the most important regions of Danish immigration in the United States."

Brown County, Wisconsin
Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay. Brown County is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.
Steinitz exchange lemma
The Steinitz exchange lemma is a theorem in linear algebra concerning bases, dimensionality of a vector space, stating that for any set smaller than a spanning set, there is a set of vectors in the spanning set but missing from the smaller set that can be added to the smaller set to make that set spanning as well.

It can be used, for example, to show that any two bases for a finite-dimensional vector space have the same number of elements. The result is named after the German mathematician Ernst Steinitz. The result is often called the Steinitz–Mac Lane exchange lemma, also recognizing the generalization
by Saunders Mac Lane
of Steinitz's lemma to matroids.

Matroid
In combinatorics, a matroid /ˈmeɪtrɔɪd/ is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats. In the language of partially ordered sets, a finite simple matroid is equivalent to a geometric lattice.

Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction of various notions of central importance in these fields. Matroids have found applications in geometry, topology, combinatorial optimization, network theory, and coding theory.
5-MeO-DPAC
5-MeO-DPAC, also known as 5-methoxy-3-(dipropylamino)chroman, is a potent and highly selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor full agonist related to 8-OH-DPAT. It is a derivative of 3-aminochroman, in which in the 5th position of the benzene ring there is a methoxy group, and in the 3rd position of dipropylamine.

The drug shows no affinity for other serotonin receptors or for the dopamine D2 receptor. It acts at very low concentrations, albeit with lower potency than 8-OH-DPAT, and unlike 8-OH-DPAT, does not bind to presynaptic serotonin 5-HT1A receptors in the striatum.

The mechanism of action of 5-MeO-DPAC is to reduce the synthesis and turnover of serotonin in the brain through selective activation of serotonin 5-HT1A autoreceptors, which is mediated through a negative feedback system without a direct effect on striatal binding sites.

5-MeO-DPAC was first described in the scientific literature by 1987.

8-OH-DPAT
8-OH-DPAT, also known as 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin, is a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist of the 2-aminotetralin family which was developed in the 1980s and has been widely used to study the function of the 5-HT1A receptor. It was one of the first major 5-HT1A receptor full agonists to have been discovered.

Originally believed to be selective for the 5-HT1A receptor, 8-OH-DPAT was later found to act as a serotonin 5-HT7 receptor agonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor or releasing agent as well.

In animal studies, 8-OH-DPAT has been shown to possess antidepressant, anxiolytic, serenic (antiaggressive), anorectic, antiemetic, hypothermic, hypotensive, bradycardic, hyperventilative, and analgesic effects.
House church (China)
In China, house churches or family churches (Chinese: 家庭教会; pinyin: jiātíng jiàohuì) are Protestant assemblies in the People's Republic of China that operate independently from the state-sanctioned Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) and China Christian Council (CCC). They represent a tradition of independent churches that would not come under the control of the Chinese Communist Party dating back to Wang Ming-Dao in the 1950s. However, they came into their current form of existence after the Cultural Revolution in the early-1980s.

Three-Self Patriotic Movement
The Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM; Chinese: 三自爱国运动; pinyin: Sānzì Àiguó Yùndòng) is the official government supervisory organ for Protestantism in the People's Republic of China. It is colloquially known as the Three-Self Church (Chinese: 三自教会; pinyin: Sānzì Jiàohuì).

The National Committee of the Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China (Chinese: 中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Jīdūjiào Sānzì Àiguó Yùndòng Wěiyuánhuì) and the China Christian Council (CCC) are known in China as the lianghui (two organizations). Together, they form the state-sanctioned Protestant church in mainland China. They are overseen by the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) following the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the UFWD in 2018.
Reuben Charles Warnes
Reuben Charles Warnes (12 October 1875 – 16 January 1961) was a boxing middleweight champion who participated in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He lost the Olympic bout to Johnny Douglas. He was a member of the Gainsford Amateur Boxing Club.

Johnny Douglas
John William Henry Tyler Douglas (3 September 1882 – 19 December 1930) was an English cricketer who was active in the early decades of the twentieth century. Douglas was an all-rounder who played for Essex County Cricket Club from 1901 to 1928 and captained the county from 1911 to 1928. He also played for England and captained England both before and after the First World War with markedly different success. As well as playing cricket, Douglas was a notable amateur boxer who won the middleweight gold medal at the 1908 Olympic Games.
Plaza Moriones, Intramuros
Plaza Moriones is a public square in Intramuros, Manila. Located in front of the entrance to Fort Santiago, it is one of three major plazas in Intramuros, the others being Plaza de Roma located beyond the fort's grounds, and the Plaza de Armas located inside the fort, to which it is often misconstrued for.

Fort Santiago
Fort Santiago (Spanish: Fuerte de Santiago; Filipino: Moóg ng Santiago), built in 1571, is a citadel or castle built by Spanish navigator and governor Miguel López de Legazpi for the newly established city of Manila in the Philippines. The defense fortress is located in Intramuros, the walled city of Manila.

The fort is one of the most important historical sites in Manila. Several people died in its prisons during the Spanish Empire and World War II. José Rizal, the Philippine national hero, was imprisoned here before his execution in 1896. The Rizal Shrine museum displays memorabilia of the hero in their collection and the fort features, embedded onto the ground in bronze, his footsteps representing his final walk from his cell to the location of the actual execution.

It is only a few meters away from the Manila Cathedral and the Palacio del Gobernador (lit. Governor's Palace, currently the office of the Commission on Elections).
Men in Black (franchise)
Men in Black is an American science fiction comedy media franchise that originated with the Malibu/Marvel comic book of the same name created by American author Lowell Cunningham. The franchise focuses on the titular non-governmental organization which monitors and regulates paranormal and alien activity on Earth while preventing civilians from finding out about it. The most notable agents within the organization are J, K, and Zed. The franchise has been adapted into other media including a series of four films, an animated television series, video games, and a theme park attraction.

Men in Black: Alien Attack
Men in Black: Alien Attack is a shooting interactive dark ride located at Universal Studios Florida in Orlando, Florida, based on the film, Men in Black, itself based on the original comic book of the same name created by Lowell Cunningham. The ride opened on April 14, 2000. The ride has generally been well received, winning an Outstanding Achievement award from the Themed Entertainment Association.

Riders enter a MIB training facility disguised as a pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair. After navigating through a themed queue and pre-show, riders board a spinning dark ride system. Once dispatched, riders are tasked to kill aliens using the supplied laser guns, and subsequently accumulate points. At the time of its opening, the ride was the biggest dark ride ever built at a Universal park, spanning 70,000 square feet (6,500 m2) and featuring over 125 animatronic aliens.
Jado
Shoji Akiyoshi (秋吉 昭二, Akiyoshi Shōji) (born September 28, 1968) is a Japanese professional wrestler, manager and booker better known by the ring name Jado (邪道, Jadō). He is best known for his work in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) as part of a tag team with his partner Gedo. Jado and Gedo's careers have largely paralleled each other, except for a brief period Jado spent in Universal Lucha Libre in 1993, a stint in Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) in 1997 where they were on opposing sides, and Jado not having emulated Gedo's tour of North America with World Championship Wrestling. The World Class Tag team has held numerous championships in wrestling, including NJPW's IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, the Universal Wrestling Association's UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Title, and Dragon Gate's International Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, as well as having won NJPW's Super J Tag League once. Jado and Gedo are co-head bookers of NJPW.

Jado & Gedo
Jado & Gedo (邪道&外道, Jadō & Gedō) were a professional wrestling tag team that currently work in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where they are also the head bookers. One of the most accomplished tag teams in puroresu, the team has won numerous tag team titles and six-man tag team titles in over seven promotions.
4th Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Light Infantry)
The 4th Royal Lancashire Militia (The Duke of Lancaster's Own Light Infantry) was an auxiliary regiment raised in the county of Lancashire in North West England just before the Crimean War. It later became part of the South Lancashire Regiment. Although primarily intended for home defence, it saw considerable active service during the Second Boer War. After conversion to the Special Reserve (SR) under the Haldane Reforms it supplied reinforcements to the fighting battalions during World War I and carried out internal security duties in Ireland. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.

South Lancashire Regiment
The South Lancashire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 to 1958.

The regiment, which recruited, as its title suggests, primarily from the South Lancashire area, was created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881 as the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) by the amalgamation of the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot and the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers). In 1938, it was renamed the South Lancashire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers) and on 1 July 1958 the regiment was amalgamated with the East Lancashire Regiment to form the Lancashire Regiment (Prince of Wales's Volunteers).
Dardin Sharvashidze
Dardin Sharvashidze (Georgian: დარდინ შარვაშიძე; died June 26, 1243), was a Georgian nobleman of the 13th century. A member of the Sharvashidze house, he governed Tskhumi (Abkhazia) as a hereditary ruler (eristavi) under Queen Rusudan of Georgia, during the period when the Mongols invaded and brought the kingdom under their domination. Opposed to Mongol rule, he formed an alliance with other Georgian nobles and offered his support to the Sultanate of Rum against the Mongols, but was killed in the decisive Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243.

House of Sharvashidze
The House of Sharvashidze or Shervashidze (Georgian: შარვაშიძე-შერვაშიძე) was a Georgian-Abkhazian ruling family of the Principality of Abkhazia. The family was later recognized as one of the princely families of the Russian Empire at the request of King Heraclius II of Georgia in accordance with the list of Georgian noblemen presented in the Treaty of Georgievsk.