hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Montgomery Jackson
Walter Montgomery Jackson (1863–1923) was the founder of encyclopedia publisher Grolier, Inc., and he was the partner of Horace Everett Hooper in publishing the 10th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica and in developing its 11th edition.  He split with Hooper in 1908–1909 in a nasty legal fight after failing to wrest control of the Britannica from Hooper, but obtaining the right to publish the Book of Knowledge, a 1912 U.S. adaptation of The Children's Encyclopædia.

The Children's Encyclopædia
The Children's Encyclopædia was an encyclopaedia originated by Arthur Mee, and published by the Educational Book Company, a subsidiary of Northcliffe's Amalgamated Press, London. It was published from 1908 to 1964.  Walter M. Jackson's company Grolier acquired the rights to publish it in the U.S. under the name The Book of Knowledge (1910).
Ground fighting
Ground fighting (also called ground work or ground game) is hand-to-hand combat which takes place while the combatants are on the ground. The term is commonly used in mixed martial arts and other combat sports, as well as various forms of martial arts to designate the set of grappling techniques employed by a combatant that is on the ground. It is the main focus of Brazilian jiu-jitsu and is featured in varying amounts in catch wrestling, judo, jujutsu, sambo, shoot wrestling, hapkido, Dishuquan  Dog Kung Fu, some schools of shuai jiao  and other styles of wrestling.

Similarly to clinch fighting, ground fighting implies that the combatants are at a very close range, usually involving one or both combatants grappling the opponent using various grappling holds. Depending on the positioning of the combatants, the proximity can allow for techniques such as biting, chokeholds, fish-hooking, eye-gouging, joint locks, pressure point techniques, or various strikes.

Grappling position
A grappling position refers to the positioning and holds of combatants engaged in grappling. Combatants are said to be in a neutral position if neither is in a more favourable position. If one party has a clear advantage such as in the mount they are said to be in a "dominant position". Conversely, the other party is considered to be in an inferior position, usually called "on the bottom", but in this case sometimes called the "under mount".
Michel Bouvard (organist)
Michel Bouvard (born 16 January 1958 in Lyon) is a French classical organist.

He is the grandson of composer Jean Henri Antoine Bouvard and studied organ under André Isoir and Suzanne Chaisemartin.

Since 1996, he has been titular organist of the great organ of the Basilica of Saint-Sernin in Toulouse and is also one of three cotitular organists at the Palace of Versailles. He served as the professor of organ at the Conservatoire de Paris from 1995 to 2021, alongside Olivier Latry.

Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
The Basilica of Saint-Sernin (Occitan: Basilica de Sant Sarnin) is a church in Toulouse, France, the former abbey church of the Abbey of Saint-Sernin or St Saturnin. Apart from the church, none of the abbey buildings remain. The current church is located on the site of a previous basilica of the 4th century which contained the body of Saint Saturnin or Sernin, the first bishop of Toulouse in c. 250. The church is particularly noted for the quality and quantity of its Romanesque sculpture. In 1998 the basilica was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites under the description: World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France.
Orta, Møre og Romsdal
Orta is an island in Aukra Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 1-square-kilometre (250-acre) island lies midway between the islands of Harøya and Gossa in the Harøyfjorden. There are ferry connections from Orta to Sandøya and Finnøya (in Ålesund Municipality) and to Gossa (in Aukra Municipality).

Aukra Municipality
Aukra is municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the region of Romsdalen. The administrative centre is the village of Falkhytta, which is part of the Aukrasanden urban area.

The municipality is made up of the island of Gossa as well as many small surrounding islands (such as Rindarøya, plus a small area around the village of Hollingen across the Julsundet strait on the mainland Romsdal peninsula. Some of the main population centers include the villages of Hollingen, Aukrasanden, Varhaugvika, and Røssøyvågen. Nyhamna is a major industrial area in Aukra.

The 61-square-kilometre (24 sq mi) municipality is the 346th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Aukra Municipality is the 212th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,678. The municipality's population density is 60.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (157/sq mi) and its population has increased by 8.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Geoffrey Elton
Sir Geoffrey Rudolph Elton FBA (born Gottfried Rudolf Otto Ehrenberg; 17 August 1921 – 4 December 1994) was a German-born British political and constitutional historian, specialising in the Tudor period. He taught at Clare College, Cambridge, and was the Regius Professor of Modern History there from 1983 to 1988.

J. E. Neale
Sir John Ernest Neale FBA (7 December 1890 – 2 September 1975) was an English historian who specialised in Elizabethan and Parliamentary history. From 1927 to 1956, he was the Astor Professor of English History at University College London.
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Hugh Wheeler. It is based on the 1970 play Sweeney Todd by Christopher Bond. The character of Sweeney Todd first appeared in a Victorian penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has been revived in many productions and inspired a film adaptation. The original logo for the musical is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the sign replaced by a straight razor. There is also a woman wearing a blood-stained dress and holding a rolling pin next to the man.

The String of Pearls
The String of Pearls: A Domestic Romance (alternatively titled The Sailor's Gift) is a story first published as a penny dreadful serial from 1846 to 1847. The main character of the story is Sweeney Todd, "the Demon Barber of Fleet Street". The story was the character's first literary appearance.

Todd is a barber who murders his customers and gives their corpses to Mrs. Lovett, his partner in crime, who bakes their flesh into meat pies. His barber shop is situated in Fleet Street, London, next to St. Dunstan's church, and is connected to Lovett's pie shop in nearby Bell Yard by means of an underground passage. Todd kills his victims by pulling a lever while they are in his barber chair, which makes them fall backward through a revolving trapdoor and generally causes them to break their necks or skulls on the cellar floor below. If the victims are still alive, he goes to the basement and "polishes them off" by slitting their throats with his straight razor.
Baskerville, Western Australia
Baskerville is an outer northeastern rural suburb of Perth, Western Australia, in the Swan Valley region, 31 km from Perth's central business district via Midland and Great Northern Highway. Nearly all of it is under cultivation with viticulture being the main economic activity, and several well-established Swan Valley wineries are based here. Its local government area is the City of Swan.

Swan Valley (Western Australia)
Swan Valley is a region in the upper reaches of the Swan River between Guildford and Bells Rapids, Western Australia. It is bordered to the east by the Darling Scarp.  Both Ellenbrook and Jane Brook lie within the region and discharge into the Swan River. There are seven suburbs within the region: Baskerville, Belhus, Caversham, Henley Brook, Herne Hill, Millendon and West Swan. It is part of the City of Swan local government area.

Swan Valley Australian Geographical Indication is a sub-region of the larger Swan District wine region. Swan Valley was registered on 6 January 2003 following Swan District being registered on 10 December 1998.
Martin Cauchon
Martin Cauchon PC (born 23 August 1962) is a Canadian lawyer and politician in Quebec Canada. He served as a Liberal Cabinet minister in the government of Jean Chrétien. He unsuccessfully ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada in 2013, losing to Justin Trudeau.

Cauchon worked as a lawyer from 1985 to 1993, and from 2004 to present. Today, he is counsel at the Montreal office of DS Lawyers Canada LLP, an international law firm. He is also a Vice-Chairman of the Canada China Business Council.

2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
In 2013, the Liberal Party of Canada held a leadership election to elect a new party leader. The election was triggered by Michael Ignatieff's announcement, on May 3, 2011, of his intention to resign as leader following the party's defeat in the 2011 federal election. On May 25, 2011, Bob Rae was appointed by Liberal caucus as interim leader. The party announced Justin Trudeau as its new leader on April 14, 2013, in Ottawa, Ontario.

Justin Trudeau would go on to become the 23rd prime minister of Canada in the 2015 Canadian federal election in which the Liberal Party won 184 seats, an increase of 150 seats from 34 seats in the 2011 election, the largest-ever numerical increase by a party in a Canadian election.
Rizza manifold
In differential geometry a Rizza manifold, named after Giovanni Battista Rizza, is an almost complex manifold also supporting a Finsler structure: this kind of manifold is also referred as almost Hermitian Finsler manifold.

Giovanni Battista Rizza
Giovanni Battista Rizza (7 February 1924 – 15 October 2018), officially known as Giambattista Rizza, was an Italian mathematician, working in the fields of complex analysis of several variables and in differential geometry: he is known for his contribution to hypercomplex analysis, notably for extending Cauchy's integral theorem and Cauchy's integral formula to complex functions of a hypercomplex variable, the theory of pluriharmonic functions and for the introduction of the now called Rizza manifolds.
Australian Turf Club
Australian Turf Club (ATC) owns and operates thoroughbred racing, events and hospitality venues across Sydney, Australia. The ATC came into being on 7 February 2011 when the Australian Jockey Club (AJC) and the Sydney Turf Club (STC) merged. The ATC primarily operates out of their offices at Randwick Racecourse and employs approximately 270 full-time staff and over 1,000 casual staff across the five venues. The venues include Randwick, Rosehill Gardens, Canterbury Park, Warwick Farm and the Rosehill Bowling Club.

Randwick Racecourse
Royal Randwick Racecourse is a racecourse for horse racing located in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. Randwick Racecourse is Crown Land leased to the Australian Turf Club and known to many Sydney racegoers as headquarters. The racecourse is located about six kilometres south-east from the Sydney Central Business District in the suburb of Randwick. The course proper has a circumference of 2224m with a home straight of 410m.

On 14 October 2017, the inaugural running of The Everest was held at Royal Randwick. The Everest is the richest race in Australia and the richest turf race in the world with $15 million in prize money.

Since 2014, Randwick hosts The Championships, a two-day season-ending meeting in April that offers over AUD$20 million in prize money. It features several Group 1 races such as the Australian Derby, Doncaster Handicap and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

Other annual events include the Sydney Carnival, Spring Carnival and the Chinese Festival of Racing.
Nora Demleitner
Nora V. Demleitner (born 1966) is a German-American jurist and academic administrator. She was the president of St. John's College - Annapolis from 2022–2025.   Prior to this, she served as the dean of Washington and Lee University School of Law from 2012-2015 and dean of Hofstra University School of Law from 2007-2012.

Maurice A. Deane School of Law
The Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University, also known as Hofstra Law School and colloquially as Hofstra Law, is a law school located in Hempstead, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is affiliated with Hofstra University.
Rolf Wütherich
Rudolf Karl "Rolf" Wütherich (German: [ˈvyːtəʁɪç] ⓘ; 5 August 1927 – 22 July 1981) was a German automotive engineer, mechanic and racer. He was the passenger in James Dean's Porsche at the time of Dean's death in a car crash in 1955. He experienced many personal difficulties as a result of the crash and himself died in a car crash 25 years later.

Death of James Dean
American actor James Dean was killed at the age of 24 in an auto accident on September 30, 1955, near Cholame, California. He had previously competed in several auto racing events, and was traveling to a sports car racing competition when he was involved in a car crash at the junction of U.S. Route 466 (later SR 46) and SR 41.
All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference
The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference (Urdu: آل جموں و کشمیر مسلم کانفرنس) also shortly referred as Muslim Conference (MC) is a political party in Pakistan administered territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

The party was founded in 1941 by Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas, Mirwaiz Yusuf Shah, Agha Shaukat Ali and Syed Aziz Badshah of Dadyal in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir as a splinter group of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, which toke the name the National Conference went by from its founding in October 1932 until June 1939.

After the Partition of India, the party supported the accession of the princely state to Pakistan, and instigated the Poonch Rebellion against the Maharaja's government under the leadership of its legislator Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan. Pakistan, after turning the rebellion into an outright invasion, installed Ibrahim Khan as the President of the rebel-controlled region, called Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

Sardar Ibrahim Khan
Sardar Ibrahim Khan (Urdu:  سردار ابراہیم خان, pronounced [sər'da:r ɪbra:'ɦi:m xa:n]; 22 April 1915 – 31 July 2003) was a revolutionary leader and politician from the western region of Jammu and Kashmir (present-day Azad Kashmir), who led the 1947 Poonch Rebellion against the Maharaja in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and played a key role in the First Kashmir War, supporting Pakistan. He served as the President of Azad Kashmir for 13 years across four non-consecutive terms and still remains the longest-serving president of the state, since its establishment.

He is revered as Ghazi-e-Millat (Warrior of the Nation) in Azad Kashmir.
LAPD Metropolitan Division
Metropolitan Division, commonly referred to as Metro Division or just Metro, is an elite division of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). It was formed in 1933 and is organized under the LAPD's Special Operations Group. Metropolitan Division is responsible for managing the LAPD's specialized crime suppression, K-9, mounted, and tactical units, named "platoons".

Metropolitan Division is responsible for numerous duties including supporting regular patrol units, solving major crimes, search warrant service, dignitary protection, surveillance, counterterrorism, riot control, and resolving high-risk standoffs. As of 2019, Metropolitan Division consists of 392 officers across eight platoons.

Police tactical unit
A police tactical unit (PTU) is a specialized police unit trained and equipped to handle situations that are beyond the capabilities of ordinary law enforcement units because of the level of violence (or risk of violence) involved. The tasks of a police tactical unit may include executing dangerous search warrants and arrest warrants for dangerous persons; arresting or neutralizing dangerous or mentally ill armed persons; and intervening in high-risk situations such as shootouts, standoffs, hostage-takings, and terrorist incidents.
Anthony Higgins (actor)
Anthony Higgins (born 9 May 1947) is an English stage, film and television actor. His credits include A Walk with Love and Death (1969), Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970), Hadleigh (1976), The Eagle of the Ninth (1977), Love in a Cold Climate (1980),  Quartet (1981), The Draughtsman's Contract (1982), Lace (1984), The Bride (1985), Young Sherlock Holmes (1985), Napoleon and Josephine: A Love Story (1987), Sherlock Holmes Returns (1993), Nostradamus (1994), Peak Practice (2000), Chromophobia (2005), Heroes and Villains: Napoleon (2007), Lewis (2009), Malice in Wonderland (2009), Bel Ami (2012), and Tutankhamun (2016).

1994 Baker Street: Sherlock Holmes Returns
1994 Baker Street: Sherlock Holmes Returns, or Sherlock Holmes Returns! In The Adventure of the Tiger's Revenge and sometimes shortened to just Sherlock Holmes Returns, is a 1993 American television movie about the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, starring Anthony Higgins as Holmes. In its title and basic premise, it is very similar to a 1987 TV movie, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, but the plot details of the two films are quite different.
All Things Digital
AllThingsD.com was a US online publication that specialized in technology and startup company news, analysis and coverage. It was founded in 2007 by Kara Swisher and Walt Mossberg, as an extension of the annual meetings D: All Things Digital Conference.

All Things Digital was a wholly owned subsidiary of Dow Jones & Company, and was a member of The Wall Street Journal's Digital Network, which includes WSJ.com, MarketWatch, Barron's, and SmartMoney.

In September 2013, Swisher and Mossberg failed to renew their agreement with Dow Jones. On January 1, 2014, Swisher and Mossberg introduced their own site, Re/code, based in San Francisco, California.

Recode
Recode (stylized as recode; formerly Re/code) was a technology news website that focused on the business of Silicon Valley. Walt Mossberg and Kara Swisher founded it in January 2014, after they left Dow Jones and the similar website they had previously co-founded, All Things Digital. Vox Media acquired Recode in May 2015 and, in May 2019, the Recode website was integrated into Vox. On March 6, 2023, Vox media announced that in order to make the various Vox sub brands less confusing to its readers, it was retiring Recode brand but would continue its mission to explain complex issues around technology to its readers under the unified Vox brand.
Stan Vanderbeek
Stan Vanderbeek (also VanDerBeek; January 6, 1927, New York City – September 19, 1984, Baltimore) was an American independent animator, experimental filmmaker, and art theoretician known for his collage works and his early use of the digital computer as a creative medium. His Movie Drome theater was a grain silo dome or geodesic dome where he showed 16mm films mixed with 35mm slides, video and digital animations.

Collage film
Collage film is a style of film created by juxtaposing found footage from disparate sources (archival footage, excerpts from other films, newsreels, home movies, etc.). The term has also been applied to the physical collaging of materials onto film stock.
Imperial Wireless Chain
The Imperial Wireless Chain was a strategic international communications network of powerful long range radiotelegraphy stations, created by the British government to link the countries of the British Empire. The stations exchanged commercial and diplomatic text message traffic transmitted at high speed by Morse code using paper tape machines.  Although the idea was conceived prior to World War I, the United Kingdom was the last of the world's great powers to implement an operational system. The first link in the chain, between Leafield in Oxfordshire and Cairo, Egypt, eventually opened on 24 April 1922, with the final link, between Australia and Canada, opening on 16 June 1928.

Marconi Company
The Marconi Company was a British telecommunications and engineering company founded by Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 which was a pioneer of wireless long distance communication and mass media broadcasting, eventually becoming one of the UK's most successful manufacturing companies.

Its roots were in the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company, which underwent several changes in name after mergers and acquisitions. In 1999, its defence equipment manufacturing division, Marconi Electronic Systems, merged with British Aerospace (BAe) to form BAE Systems. In 2006, financial difficulties led to the collapse of the remaining company, with the bulk of the business acquired by the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson.
Centro Coyoacán
Centro Coyoacán, also known as Centro Comercial Coyoacán, was a shopping mall located on Av. Coyoacán and Av. Universidad in Mexico City, Mexico.

The mall was closed on 19 September 2022 and the area will be incorporated into the adjacent Mítikah mixed-used complex, which includes a shopping center and the largest skyscraper in Mexico City. Mítikah shopping center opened in late 2022 including a new Palacio de Hierro department store, replacing the Centro Coyoacán location.

El Palacio de Hierro
El Palacio de Hierro (English: "The Iron Palace") is a Mexican upscale department store chain with 31 locations. Headquartered in Mexico City, it consists of 16 full-line Palacio de Hierro department stores, three Boutique Palacio junior department stores, two Casa Palacio home stores, and two outlets located in Greater Mexico City and eight other major cities across Mexico. Operated by the corporation Grupo El Palacio de Hierro S.A.B. de C.V., it has two flagship stores - one the original historic flagship  in the Historic center of Mexico City and the Palacio de los Palacios ("Palace of the Palaces") store in the Polanco district, reopened in 2016 after an extensive renovation costing US$300 million, and at 55,200 m2 (594,168 sq ft), the largest department store in Latin America. Palacio de Hierro has been a member of the International Association of Department Stores since 2000.
Silviu Petrescu
Silviu Petrescu (born October 6, 1968) is a Canadian professional soccer referee. He officiates matches in the Canadian Premier League, Major League Soccer and the United Soccer League, and is a member of the Professional Referee Organization.

He was a FIFA listed referee until 2013 and officiated matches at the 2003 Pan American Games and the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He has officiated several tournament finals at the domestic level, including the 2003 Jubilee Trophy, the 2006 CIS Men's Soccer Championship, the 2012 MLS Cup, one leg at each of the 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2017 Canadian Championship finals, and the single match 2020 Canadian Championship Final.

MLS Cup 2012
MLS Cup 2012, the 17th edition of Major League Soccer's championship match, was a rematch between the Houston Dynamo and the Los Angeles Galaxy to decide the champion of the 2012 season. The soccer match was played at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California on December 1, 2012. Los Angeles defeated Houston 3–1 giving the Galaxy their second-straight league title and their fourth overall.

For the first time in MLS Cup history, the championship was not held at a predetermined neutral site. Instead, the match venue was held in the home stadium of the finalist with the best regular season record, in this case The Home Depot Center (Los Angeles), which broke the MLS record for hosting the most MLS Cup matches (5). The game was a rematch of the 2011 MLS Cup, won 1–0 by the Galaxy.

As MLS Cup finalists, both Houston and Los Angeles qualified for the 2013–14 CONCACAF Champions League (champion in Pot A, runner-up in Pot B).