hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ursescu theorem
In mathematics, particularly in functional analysis and convex analysis, the Ursescu theorem is a theorem that generalizes the closed graph theorem, the open mapping theorem, and the uniform boundedness principle.

Uniform boundedness principle
In mathematics, the uniform boundedness principle or Banach–Steinhaus theorem is one of the fundamental results in functional analysis. 
Together with the Hahn–Banach theorem and the open mapping theorem, it is considered one of the cornerstones of the field. 
In its basic form, it asserts that for a family of continuous linear operators (and thus bounded operators) whose domain is a Banach space, pointwise boundedness is equivalent to uniform boundedness in operator norm.

The theorem was first published in 1927 by Stefan Banach and Hugo Steinhaus, but it was also proven independently by Hans Hahn.
Canadian Security Intelligence Service
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS, /ˈsiːsɪs/; French: Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité, SCRS) is a foreign intelligence service and security agency of the federal government of Canada. It is responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world and conducting covert action within Canada and abroad. CSIS reports to the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, and is subject to review by the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency.

The CSIS has no law enforcement function and mainly focuses on intelligence gathering overseas. The agency is led by a director, the current being Daniel Rogers, who assumed the role on October 15, 2024.

National Security and Intelligence Review Agency
The National Security and Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA; French: Office de surveillance des activités en matière de sécurité nationale et de renseignement, OSSNR) is an independent government agency organized to review all national security and intelligence activities carried out by the Government of Canada. NSIRA was established in June 2019 to replace the Security Intelligence Review Committee, which was limited to reviewing the activities of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS).
Leila Khaled
Leila Khaled (Arabic: ليلى خالد [ˈlajla ˈxaːled]; born April 9, 1944) is a Palestinian activist and former militant who is a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). She is famous for her role in two plane-hijackings, and was the second woman to be involved in such an operation.

Khaled gained her prominence for her role in the TWA Flight 840 hijacking in 1969 and one of the four simultaneous Dawson's Field hijackings the following year as part of the campaign of Black September in Jordan. After being imprisoned, she was released in a prisoner exchange for civilian hostages kidnapped by other PFLP members.

TWA Flight 840 (1969)
TWA Flight 840 was a Trans World Airlines flight from Leonardo da Vinci International Airport in Rome, Italy, to Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv, Israel, that was hijacked on 29 August 1969. There were no fatalities although at least two passengers were lightly wounded and the aircraft was significantly damaged. Two hostages were held for two months.
Pak Jae-gyong
Pak Jae-gyong (Korean: 박재경; born 10 June 1933) is a North Korean politician and soldier. A general in the Korean People's Army (KPA), Pak is a Vice Minister in the Ministry of People's Armed Forces as well as a full member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). Pak is also a delegate of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly (SPA). On the death of Kim Shin-jo on 9 April 2025, he became the only living survivor of 31-member commando unit, known as Unit 124, that was sent to assassinate South Korean president Park Chung Hee in the ultimately unsuccessful Blue House raid in 1968.

Kim Shin-jo
Kim Shin-jo (Korean: 김신조; 2 June 1942 – 9 April 2025) was a North Korean soldier and defector who was one of two survivors of the 31-man team of North Korean commandos, known as Unit 124, sent to assassinate the then-president of South Korea and military dictator, Park Chung Hee, in the Blue House raid in January 1968. Kim was captured and during a year-long detention and interrogation divulged information on the raid to the South Korean authorities, before being released. He became a South Korean citizen and spent the rest of his life there.
Splenectomy
A splenectomy is the surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen. The spleen is an important organ in regard to immunological function due to its ability to efficiently destroy encapsulated bacteria. Therefore, removal of the spleen runs the risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection, a medical emergency and rapidly fatal disease caused by the inability of the body's immune system to properly fight infection following splenectomy or asplenia.

Common indications for splenectomy include trauma, tumors, splenomegaly or for hematological disease such as sickle cell anemia or thalassemia.

Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen. The spleen usually lies in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the human abdomen. Splenomegaly is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism which include: some reduction in number of circulating blood cells affecting granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets in any combination; a compensatory proliferative response in the bone marrow; and the potential for correction of these abnormalities by splenectomy. Splenomegaly is usually associated with increased workload (such as in hemolytic anemias), which suggests that it is a response to hyperfunction. It is therefore not surprising that splenomegaly is associated with any disease process that involves abnormal red blood cells being destroyed in the spleen. Other common causes include congestion due to portal hypertension and infiltration by leukemias and lymphomas. Thus, the finding of an enlarged spleen, along with caput medusae, is an important sign of portal hypertension.
Nuʻuanu Pali
Nuʻuanu Pali is a section of the windward cliff (pali in Hawaiian) of the Koʻolau mountain located at the head of Nuʻuanu Valley on the island of Oʻahu. It has a panoramic view of the windward (northeast) coast of Oʻahu. The Pali Highway (Hawaii State Highway 61) connecting Kailua/Kāneʻohe with downtown Honolulu runs through the Nuʻuanu Pali Tunnels bored into the cliffside.

The area is also the location of the Nuʻuanu Freshwater Fish Refuge and the Nuʻuanu Reservoir in the jurisdiction of the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources.

The Nuʻuanu Pali State Wayside is a lookout above the tunnels where there is a panoramic view of Oʻahu's windward side with views of Kāneʻohe, Kāneʻohe Bay, and Kailua. It is also well known for strong trade winds that blow through the pass (now bypassed by the Nuʻuanu Pali Tunnels). The Nuʻuanu Pali Tunnels were built in 1958. Before this road opened, people would use what is now known as the Old Pali Road, currently a popular hiking route.

Hawaii Route 61
Hawaii Route 61, often called the Pali Highway, is in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States, that is the main highway connecting downtown Honolulu with the windward side of Oʻahu island. From downtown, it traverses up Nuʻuanu Valley and the residential neighborhood of Nuʻuanu,  passes through the Nuʻuanu Pali Tunnels, and descends to the major windward communities of Kāneʻohe (reached by Kamehameha Highway, State Route 83) and Kailua.
Dolors Aleu i Riera
Dolores Aleu Riera (7 April 1857 in Barcelona – 19 February 1913) was a Spanish medical doctor. She was the first woman in Spain to be licensed in medicine and the second woman in the country to earn a Doctor of Medicine degree.

Martina Castells Ballespí
Martina Castells Ballespí, also known as Martina Castells i Ballespí (1852–1884), was one of the first Spanish women to earn a PhD in medicine. She earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1874, and earned her PhD in 1882. In her thesis she supported physical, moral and intellectual education for women.

In Lleida there is a street called Martina Castells Ballespí, where a bust of her can be seen; and in Reus, an avenue is named after her.
2015 King's Cup
The 2015 King's Cup is an international football competition, the 43rd edition of the tournament. It was a group tournament, with all matches held at the 80th Birthday Stadium in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand between 1 February and 7 February.

This edition features the hosts Thailand and three invited teams (Honduras, South Korea U-23 and Uzbekistan).

South Korea national under-23 football team
The South Korea national under-23 football team (Korean: 대한민국 23세 이하 축구 국가대표팀; recognized as Korea Republic by FIFA, and Republic of Korea by IOC) represents South Korea at football in the Olympic Games and Asian Games. It was founded when the Olympic football was changed to an under-23 competition. It also can be managed as an under-21 or under-22 team if necessary.
Left/Right Productions
Left/Right Productions is a New York-based American television production company that is owned by The North Road Company and formerly part of German entertainment company Red Arrow Studios. It was founded in 2005 by Banks Tarver and Ken Druckerman, the company produces fiction and non-fiction entertainment ranging from reality television to documentary programming to scripted sitcoms.

The North Road Company
The North Road Company, also known as North Road, is an American global content production & distribution studio founded in 2022 by Chernin Entertainment's founder & president and founder of The Chernin Group, Peter Chernin, and since 2026 it's owned by French media entertainment production company Mediawan, that produces scripted, unscripted, and documentary film and television content. It serves as a, multi-genre powerhouse studio housing entities like Chernin Entertainment, Kinetic Content, and Words + Pictures, with notable projects including Love is Blind, Ford v Ferrari, and The Last Dance.
Marie-Jacques Perrier
Marie-Jacques Renée "Jacotte" Perrier (22 November 1924 – 29 November 2012) was a French singer, fashion journalist, voice actress, socialite, author and art collector. She was best known for her musical collaborations with the Quintette du Hot Club de France and her fashion reporting for Fairchild Publications. She was the daughter of musical composer and haute couture textile supplier Robert Perrier, from whom she inherited direction of the R-26 artistic salon.

Robert Perrier
Robert Charles Perrier (July 1, 1898 to April 19, 1987) was a French haute couture textile supplier, songwriter, socialite and art collector. His vintage silks rank among the world’s most coveted luxury fabrics, including exclusivities created for Coco Chanel, Christian Dior and Yves Saint Laurent, now exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Musée de la Mode et du Textile and the Victoria and Albert Museum. Perrier is further credited in history for having introduced synthetic fabrics to French haute couture, a major novelty at the time.

Perrier's family’s private artistic salon in Montmartre, dubbed R-26, was a bohemian gathering place for many creative luminaries of the 1930s to 1960s, including singer Josephine Baker, architect Le Corbusier and musician Django Reinhardt. He was the husband of lyricist Madeleine (Brault) Perrier and the father of journalist Marie-Jacques Perrier.
Joseph Gallieni
Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 – 27 May 1916) was a French military officer, active for most of his career as a military commander and administrator in the French colonies where he wrote several books on colonial affairs.

He was recalled from retirement at the beginning of the First World War. As military governor of Paris he played an important role in the First Battle of the Marne, when Maunoury's Sixth Army, which was under his command, attacked the German west flank. A small portion of its strength was rushed to the front in commandeered Paris taxicabs.

From October 1915 he served as Minister of War, resigning from that post in March 1916 after criticizing the performance of the French Commander-in-Chief, Joseph Joffre (formerly his subordinate, earlier in their careers), during the German attack on Verdun. He died later that year and was made Marshal of France posthumously in 1921.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Donald Young (tennis)
Donald Oliver Young Jr. (born July 23, 1989) is an American professional pickleball player with the American PPA Tour and Major League Pickleball, and also a former professional tennis player. Young had a tennis career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 38, achieved on 27 February 2012, and doubles ranking of world No. 43, achieved on 14 August 2017. As a junior he was ranked No. 1 in the world in 2005. His best singles performance was reaching the fourth round of the 2011 US Open, as well as the 2015 US Open. In doubles, he reached the final of the 2017 French Open, partnering Santiago González.  In mixed doubles, he reached the final of the 2024 US Open, partnering Taylor Townsend.

2024 US Open (tennis)
The 2024 US Open was the 144th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Novak Djokovic and Coco Gauff were the men's and women's singles defending champions, respectively, but Djokovic lost in the third round to Alexei Popyrin and Gauff lost in the fourth round to Emma Navarro.

It was the final edition of the tournament to commence with 14 days.
Ribble and Alt Estuaries (protected area)
The estuaries of the River Ribble and River Alt lie on the Irish Sea coasts of Lancashire and Merseyside in North West England. Together they, and the area of salt marsh, mudflats, and sand dunes between them, form a Special Protection Area and Ramsar site which extends along the coastline between Crosby and Lytham St Annes.

These protected areas overlap with two separate sites of special scientific interest, Ribble Estuary and Sefton Coast.

River Ribble
The River Ribble runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. It starts close to the Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, and is one of the few that start in the Yorkshire Dales and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea (the Dee in Dentdale and the Twiss in Kingsdale being notable others).
2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup (officially the 2020–21 Total CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th edition  of Africa's secondary club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), under the current CAF Confederation Cup title after the merger of CAF Cup and African Cup Winners' Cup.

The winners of the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2020–21 CAF Champions League in the 2021–22 CAF Super Cup.

RS Berkane were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.

2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup group stage
The 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup group stage started on 10 March and ended on 28 April 2021. A total of 16 teams competed in the group stage to decide the eight places in the knockout stage of the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup.
Cosmopolitan Hotel and Restaurant
The Casa de Bandini, now known as the Cosmopolitan Hotel and Restaurant, is a registered national historic landmark in Old Town San Diego State Historic Park, built in the early 19th century by Juan Bandini and later purchased by Albert Seeley to serve as a stagecoach hotel. In 2010, restorations and added fine dining restaurants revived the hotel to its 1870s charm, making it again a focal point of the original downtown area.

Juan Bandini
Juan Lorenzo Bruno Bandini (1800 – November 4, 1859) was a Peruvian-born Californio public figure, politician, and ranchero. He is best known for his role in the development of San Diego in the mid-19th century.
Dorothea Wagner
Dorothea Wagner (born 1957) is a German computer scientist, known for her research in graph drawing, route planning, and social network analysis. She heads the Institute of Theoretical Informatics at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

Ulrik Brandes
Ulrik Brandes is a German computer scientist, social scientist, and network scientist known for his work on centrality, cluster analysis, and graph drawing. He is Professor for Social Networks at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, in the Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences.
Bilateral monopoly
A bilateral monopoly is a market structure consisting of both a monopoly (a single seller) and a monopsony (a single buyer).

Bilateral monopoly is a market structure that involves a single supplier and a single buyer, combining monopoly power on the selling side (i.e., single seller) and monopsony power on the buying side (i.e., single buyer). This market structure emerges in situations where there are limitations on the number of participants, or where exploring alternative suppliers is more expensive than dealing with a single supplier. In a bilateral market, both buyers and sellers aim to maximize their profits. Although the seller may attempt to increase the product prices as the only supplier, the buyer can still negotiate for the lowest possible price since the seller has no other buyers to sell to.

Monopsony
In economics, a monopsony is a market structure in which a single buyer substantially controls the market as the major purchaser of goods and services offered by many would-be sellers. The microeconomic theory of monopsony assumes a single entity to have market power over all sellers as the only purchaser of a good or service. This is a similar power to that of a monopolist, which can influence the price for its buyers in a monopoly, where multiple buyers have only one seller of a good or service available to purchase from.
Madrasapattinam
Madrasapattinam (transl. Madras Town) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language historical romance film written and directed by Vijay. The film stars Arya with Amy Jackson (in her feature film debut), while Carole Trangmar-Palmer plays an older version of Amy. Nassar, Cochin Hanifa, Lisa Lazarus, and Alexx O'Nell play supporting roles. Set primarily in the 1940s during the British Raj, it revolves around a British woman falling in love with an Indian man, but they face threats from a sadistic British officer who is her suitor.

Madrasapattinam was produced by Kalpathi S. Aghoram of AGS Entertainment. The music was composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar with editing by Anthony and cinematography by Nirav Shah. The film was released on 9 July 2010 and became a box office success.

AGS Entertainment
AGS Entertainment is an Indian film production, distribution company, and multiplex chain in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was established in 2006 by Kalpathi brothers: S. Aghoram, S. Ganesh, and S. Suresh. AGS has four multiplex movie theaters across Chennai.
Charles Edward Pogue
Charles Edward Pogue Jr. (born January 18, 1950) is an American screenwriter, playwright and stage actor. He is best known for writing the screenplays of The Hound of the Baskervilles (1983), Psycho III (1986), The Fly (1986) and Dragonheart (1996).

The Fly (1986 film)
The Fly is a 1986 American science fiction body horror film directed and co-written by David Cronenberg. Produced by Brooksfilms and distributed by 20th Century Fox, the film stars Jeff Goldblum, Geena Davis, and John Getz. Loosely based on George Langelaan's 1957 short story of the same name and the 1958 film of the same name, The Fly tells of an eccentric scientist who, after one of his experiments goes wrong, slowly turns into a fly-hybrid creature. The score was composed by Howard Shore and the make-up effects were created by Chris Walas, along with makeup artist Stephan Dupuis.

The Fly was released on August 15, 1986, to positive reviews. It grossed $60.6 million at the box office, becoming a commercial success. Walas and Dupuis' work on the film resulted in them winning an Academy Award for Best Makeup. The tagline of the film, "Be afraid. Be very afraid.", has been used in many other productions as part of popular culture. A sequel, directed by Walas, was released in 1989.
Strombus pugilis
Strombus pugilis, common names the fighting conch and the West Indian fighting conch, is a species of medium to large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the true conchs.

S. pugilis is similar in appearance to Strombus alatus, the Florida fighting conch.

Strombus alatus
Strombus alatus, the Florida fighting conch, is a species of medium-sized, warm-water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the true conchs. Its name derives two Latin words. Strombus means, in Latin, a snail with spiral shell, which derives from the Greek στρόμβος, meaning anything turned or spun around, like a top or, as in Aristotle's Historia Animalium, a sea snail. Alatus means, in Latin, "winged".
FlexOS
FlexOS is a discontinued modular real-time multiuser multitasking operating system (RTOS) designed for computer-integrated manufacturing, laboratory, retail and financial markets. It was developed by Digital Research's Flexible Automation Business Unit in Monterey, California, in 1985.

The system was considered to become a successor of Digital Research's earlier Concurrent DOS, but with a new, modular, and considerably different system architecture and portability across several processor families. Still named Concurrent DOS 68K and Concurrent DOS 286, it was renamed into FlexOS on 1 October 1986 to better differentiate the target audiences.

FlexOS was licensed by several OEMs who selected it as the basis for their own operating systems like 4680 OS, 4690 OS, S5-DOS/MT and others. Unrelated to FlexOS, the original Concurrent DOS system architecture found a continuation in successors like Concurrent DOS XM and Concurrent DOS 386 as well.

Digital Research
Digital Research, Inc. (DR or DRI) was a privately held American software company created by Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit systems like MP/M, Concurrent DOS, FlexOS, Multiuser DOS, DOS Plus, DR DOS and GEM. It was the first large software company in the microcomputer world. Digital Research was originally based in Pacific Grove, California, later in Monterey, California.
Ten suchnesses
The Ten suchnesses (Chinese: 十如是; pinyin: shí rúshì; Japanese: 十如是, romanized: jūnyoze) are a Mahayana doctrine which is important, as well as unique, to that of the Tiantai (Tendai) and Nichiren Buddhist schools of thought.  The doctrine is derived from a passage found within the second chapter of Kumarajiva's Chinese translation of the Lotus Sutra, that "characterizes the ultimate reality (literally, “real mark”) of all dharmas in terms of ten suchnesses." This concept is also known as the ten reality aspects, ten factors of life, or the Reality of all Existence.

Ten realms
The ten realms, sometimes referred to as the ten worlds, are part of the  belief of some forms of Buddhism that there are 240 conditions of life which sentient beings are subject to, and which they experience from moment to moment. The popularization of this term is often attributed to the Chinese scholar Chih-i who spoke about the "co-penetration of the ten worlds."