hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holyoke Dam
The Holyoke Dam, also referred to as the Hadley Falls Dam, or Hadley Falls Station is a granite dam built in tandem with the Holyoke Canal System at Hadley Falls on the Connecticut River, between Holyoke and South Hadley, Massachusetts. The water differential created by the dam produced mechanical hydropower for industrial uses in Holyoke, and later hydroelectric power.

The current dam is the third structure to be built across the Great Falls at South Hadley.  The dam, along with the Canal System and its Testing Flume, is recognized by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark for its use by Clemens Herschel in the development of the Venturi meter, the first means of measuring large-scale flows, and the McCormick-Holyoke Turbine by John B. McCormick, also known as the Hercules Turbine, which doubled the efficiency of turbines to more than 80% in its time.

Holyoke Canal System
The Holyoke Canal System is a system of power canals in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It is split into three canals based on elevation and distance from the inlet at the Holyoke Dam- the First Level Canal, Second Level Canal, and Third Level Canal. Constructed over a period between 1847 and 1892, the Canal System, along with the Dam, is recognized as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for its use in the development of the Venturi meter by Clemens Herschel, the first means of measuring large-scale flows, and the McCormick-Holyoke Turbine by John B. McCormick, which doubled the efficiency of turbines to more than 80% in its time.
Upwell
Upwell is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. Upwell village is on the A1101 road, as is Outwell, its conjoined village at the north. The nearest towns are Wisbech to the north-west and Downham Market to the east.

Three Holes is a hamlet in the parish of Upwell. The parish covers an area of 27.65 km2 (10.68 sq mi) and had a population of 2,456 in 1,033 households at the 2001 census, increasing to 2,750 at the 2011 Census. And most recently, In the 2021 census the population has nearly doubled to 4,734.

Outwell
Outwell is a village and civil parish in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk, in the English county of Norfolk.

At the 2011 Census, the parish had a population of 2,083, an increase from 1,880 at the 2001 Census.
Gustav Fischer (equestrian)
Gustav Fischer (8 November 1915 – 22 November 1990) was a Swiss equestrian athlete who competed at five Summer Olympic Games, winning a total of five medals. He won medals in the team dressage events in the 1952, 1956, 1964, and 1968 games; there was no team dressage event held in 1960, but he won an individual dressage medal in that year.

In 1968, he and fellow equestrian Henri Chammartin jointly became the second Swiss sportspersons to compete at five Olympic Games. (The first was middle-distance runner Paul Martin.)

Henri Chammartin
Henri Chammartin (30 July 1918 – 30 May 2011) was a Swiss equestrian who won an individual gold medal in dressage at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

In 1968, he and fellow equestrian Gustav Fischer both became the second Swiss sportspersons to compete at five Olympic Games. (The first was middle-distance runner Paul Martin.) At the Summer Olympics of 1968 made in Mexico City, his last Olympics, won his fifth medal: a bronze medal in team competition, finishing ninth in addition to the individual test.

He won five medals in total at the European Dressage Championships including two individual gold medals in 1963 and 1965.

Following Chammartin's death, the International Equestrian Federation noted that he will be remembered as "a legend in the dressage world".
KcsA potassium channel
KcsA (K channel of streptomyces A) is a prokaryotic potassium channel from the soil bacterium Streptomyces lividans that has been studied extensively in ion channel research. The pH activated protein possesses two transmembrane segments and a highly selective pore region, responsible for the gating and shuttling of K+ ions out of the cell. The amino acid sequence found in the selectivity filter of KcsA is highly conserved among both prokaryotic and eukaryotic K+ voltage channels; as a result, research on KcsA has provided important structural and mechanistic insight on the molecular basis for K+ ion selection and conduction. As one of the most studied ion channels to this day, KcsA is a template for research on K+ channel function and its elucidated structure underlies computational modeling of channel dynamics for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species.

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
Littoral cone
Littoral cones are a form of volcanic cone. They form from the interaction between lava flows and water. Steam explosions fragment the lava and the fragments can pile up and form a cone. Such cones usually form on ʻaʻā lava flows, and typically are formed only by large lava flows. They have been found on Hawaii and elsewhere.

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
Project Carryall
Project Carryall was a 1963 United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) proposal to use nuclear explosives to excavate a path for Interstate 40 (I-40) and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (AT&SF) through the Bristol Mountains of southern California. The project was proposed as a component of Project Plowshare, which sought ways to use nuclear devices in public works and industrial development projects.

The nuclear excavation project advanced to planning in 1965, but the California Division of Highways withdrew from the project in 1966. The railroad proposal continued until 1970, after which it was quietly abandoned. The highway was constructed using conventional methods.

Interstate 40 in California
Interstate 40 (I-40) is a major east–west Interstate Highway in the United States, stretching from Barstow, California, to Wilmington, North Carolina. The segment of I-40 in California is sometimes called the Needles Freeway. It passes through the eastern fringe of the Inland Empire metropolitan area, going east from its western terminus at I-15 in Barstow across the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County past the Clipper Mountains to Needles, before it crosses over the Colorado River into Arizona east of Needles. All 155 miles (249 km) of I-40 in California are in San Bernardino County.
Dublin, Ohio
Dublin is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. A suburb of Columbus, it falls within the jurisdictions of Franklin, Delaware, Union, and Madison counties. The population was 49,328 at the 2020 census. The Dublin Irish Festival advertises itself as the largest three-day Irish festival in the world.

Dublin Irish Festival
The Dublin Irish Festival is an annual music and cultural festival held in Dublin, Ohio, US. It takes place during the first weekend of August, attracting over 100,000 visitors to eight entertainment stages on 29 acres (120,000 m2) in and beyond Coffman Park.

The Columbus Feis, Irish dance competition, occurs every year at the same time as the Irish Festival.
Mir Ghetto
The Mir Ghetto was a Nazi ghetto in Mir, Belarus during World War II. It housed at least 3,000 Jews, of whom about 2,900 were exterminated as part of the Holocaust. The Mir Ghetto is famous outside of Belarus primarily for its 9 November 1941 massacre, in which 1,800 Jews were slaughtered by German forces and collaborators.

Mir, Belarus
Mir (Belarusian: Мір; Russian: Мир; Yiddish: מיר) is an urban-type settlement in Karelichy District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It is situated on the banks of Miranka River, about 85 kilometres (53 mi) southwest of the capital, Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 2,248.
Pars reticulata
The pars reticulata (SNpr) is a portion of the substantia nigra and is located lateral to the pars compacta. Most of the neurons that project out of the pars reticulata are inhibitory GABAergic neurons (i.e., these neurons release GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter).

Pars compacta
The pars compacta (SNpc, SNc) is one of two subdivisions of the substantia nigra of the midbrain (the other being the pars reticulata); it is situated medial to the pars reticulata. It is formed by dopaminergic neurons. It projects to the striatum and portions of the cerebral cortex. It is functionally involved in fine motor control.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in this region.
1996 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election
The 1996 Ontario Liberal Party leadership convention, held between November 29 and December 1, 1996 at the Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, elected Dalton McGuinty as the new leader of the Ontario Liberal Party, replacing Lyn McLeod, who announced her resignation following the 1995 Ontario provincial election.

The contest featured seven official candidates: MPPs Anna-Marie Castrilli, Joseph Cordiano, Dwight Duncan, John Gerretsen, Gerrard Kennedy, and Dalton McGuinty, and businessman Greg Kells. McGuinty lost the subsequent 1999 provincial election but won in 2003 and served as Premier for almost ten years until 2013.

2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election
The 2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election, held on January 26, 2013, at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, elected Kathleen Wynne as the new leader of the Ontario Liberal Party, replacing Dalton McGuinty, who announced his resignation on October 15, 2012. With the Liberals forming the Ontario government, Wynne consequently became Premier of Ontario. After leading a minority government for 18 months, she called an election after the defeat of her government's budget and she led her party to a renewed majority government in June 2014.
Grapevine Mills
Grapevine Mills is an enclosed shopping mall in Grapevine, Texas, United States, in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. The single-floor mall is located on State Highway 121 near Grapevine Lake, 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. The mall is nearly 1.8 million square feet (170,000 square meters) in size; it is the second-largest mall in Tarrant County, behind only North East Mall in Hurst.

The mall was opened in 1997 by The Mills Corporation and is currently operated by Simon Property Group. Like most Mills malls, Grapevine Mills contains a mixture of off-price retailers, restaurants, and entertainment venues. Notable tenants at the mall include Legoland Discovery Center Dallas-Fort Worth, Meow Wolf installation The Real Unreal, Neiman Marcus Last Call, Peppa Pig World of Play, Primark, Rainforest Cafe, Round One, and Sea Life Grapevine.

Mills Corporation
The Mills Corporation was a publicly-traded real estate investment trust headquartered in Chevy Chase, Maryland, that developed and operated super-regional shopping malls. Mills-developed malls were typically built as large, single-floor facilities with a mixture of off-price retail and entertainment offerings. The company also had a sizeable portfolio of acquired properties, which tended to be smaller in scale.

On April 3, 2007, following a bankruptcy, the company was acquired by an investment group composed of Simon Property Group and Farallon Capital Management. At the time of the acquisition, the company operated 36 malls across the United States, 15 of which it had developed. Simon assumed management of the former Mills properties after the acquisition.
Cedar Cliff High School
Cedar Cliff High School is located in Lower Allen Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States, with a Camp Hill post office address.

The older of the two high schools in the West Shore School District, it was formed in 1959 with the merger of West Shore High School and New Cumberland High School. The entire West Shore School District attended Cedar Cliff until fall 1965, when Red Land High School opened. In 2019, the school had 1,290 students enrolled. In 2011, the school had 95 teachers yielding a student teach ratio of 14:1. According to a 2011 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, eight teachers are considered "Non-Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind law. The Cedar Cliff mascot is The Colt, and the school colors are navy blue, silver and gold. The Pennsylvania Department of Education has set the tuition for non-resident and charter school students at $8,969.40.

Red Land High School
Red Land High School is located in Lewisberry, York County, Pennsylvania, United States, and is younger of the two high schools in the West Shore School District. The entire West Shore School District attended Cedar Cliff High School until fall 1965, when Red Land High School opened. Currently, the school has 1,107 students enrolled. In 2019, the school had 70 teachers yielding a student teach ratio of about 16:1.
Colin Buchanan (town planner)
Sir Colin Douglas Buchanan CBE (22 August 1907 – 6 December 2001) was a Scottish town planner. He became Britain's most famous transport planner following the publication of Traffic in Towns in 1963, which presented a comprehensive view of the issues surrounding the growth of personal car ownership and urban traffic in the UK.

Traffic in Towns
Traffic in Towns is an influential report and popular book on urban and transport planning policy published 25 November 1963 for the UK Ministry of Transport by a team headed by the architect, civil engineer and planner Colin Buchanan. 
The report warned of the potential damage caused by the motor car, while offering ways to mitigate it. It gave planners a set of policy blueprints to deal with its effects on the urban environment, including traffic containment and segregation, which could be balanced against urban redevelopment, new corridor and distribution roads and precincts.

These policies shaped the development of the urban landscape in the UK and some other countries for two or three decades. Unusually for a technical policy report, it was so much in demand that Penguin abridged it and republished it as a book in 1964.
Porsanger Municipality
Porsanger (Northern Sami: Porsáŋgu; Kven: Porsanki) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lakselv. Other villages in the municipality include Børselv, Brenna, Indre Billefjord, Kistrand, Olderfjord, and Skoganvarre.

The 4,874-square-kilometre (1,882 sq mi) municipality is the 3rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Porsanger is the 208th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,889 (many of whom have a Kven (Kainu) or Sami background). The municipality's population density is 0.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.1/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Børselv
Børselv (Norwegian), Bissojohka (Northern Sami), or Pyssyjoki (Kven) is a village in Porsanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.  It is located at the base of the Sværholt Peninsula, along the east side of the Porsangerfjorden, at the outlet of the river Børselva.  The village of Brenna lies about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the north and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of the municipal centre of Lakselv.

Børselv Church is located in this village.  The area is full of Kven language-speakers and the Kvæntunet cultural and language centre for the Kven people is located in Børselv.
Royal Marines selection and training
Royal Marines recruit training is the longest basic modern infantry training programme of any Commonwealth, or North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) combat troops. The Royal Marines are the only part of the British Armed Forces where officers and other ranks are trained at the same location, the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines (CTCRM) at Lympstone, Devon.  Much of the basic training is carried out on the rugged terrain of Dartmoor and Woodbury Common with a significant proportion taking place at night.

Commando Training Centre Royal Marines
Commando Training Centre Royal Marines (CTCRM) is the principal military training centre for the Royal Marines. It is situated near the villages of Lympstone and Exton, between the city of Exeter, and the town of Exmouth in Devon, England.
Ian Gorst
Ian Joseph Gorst (born 15 December 1969) is a Jersey politician who has been a Deputy for  St Mary,  St Ouen and  St Peter and Minister for Treasury and Resources since 2022.

Gorst was first elected to the States Assembly in the 2005 general election as a Deputy for St Clement. In November 2011, after his successful election as a Senator, Gorst was appointed Chief Minister by the Assembly. He served two terms as Chief Minister until he was beaten in a vote against John Le Fondré after the 2018 general election. From 2018 to 2022 he served as Minister for External Relations.

Born in Lancaster, England, Gorst worked as an accountant before going into politics after moving to Jersey.

John Le Fondré
John Alexander Nicholas Le Fondré is a Jersey politician who was the fourth Chief Minister of Jersey. He entered the States Assembly in 2005 as deputy for the Parish of St Lawrence, and was re-elected to this position in 2011 and 2014. During his time as deputy he served in various roles in scrutiny and as an Assistant Minister.

At the 2018 general election, he was elected as a Senator, and subsequently defeated incumbent Ian Gorst for the position of Chief Minister. While Chief Minister, Le Fondré led the island's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 2022 general election, after serving one term as Chief Minister, Le Fondré lost his membership of the States.
Chalfont St Giles
Chalfont St Giles is a village and civil parish in southeast Buckinghamshire, England. It is in a group of villages called The Chalfonts, which also includes Chalfont St Peter and Little Chalfont.

It lies on the edge of the Chiltern Hills, 20.9 miles (33.6 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross, central London, and near Seer Green, Jordans, Chalfont St Peter, Little Chalfont and Amersham.

The cockney rhyming slang term "chalfonts", meaning haemorrhoids (piles), is derived from the name of the village. The village has a duck pond that is fed by the River Misbourne. The village sign was designed and painted by Doreen Wilcockson ARCA in 2001.  Chalfont St Giles is famous for the poet Milton’s only surviving home.

Seer Green
Seer Green is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the Chiltern Hills, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east-north-east of  Old Beaconsfield and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south-west of Chalfont St Giles.
Ernest Warner
Ernest Noble Warner (July 23, 1868 – July 8, 1930) was an American educator, lawyer, and progressive Republican politician.  He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Madison.  He was the son of Union Army colonel Clement Warner, and the grandfather of Wisconsin state senator Fred A. Risser. Warner Park in Madison is named after him.

Clement Warner
Clement Edson Warner (February 23, 1836 – May 20, 1916) was an American farmer, Republican politician, and Union Army officer in the American Civil War.  He served with the 36th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and commanded the regiment near the end of the war.  He later served in the Wisconsin State Senate (1867–1869) and the Assembly (1883–1885), representing Dane County.  In historical documents, his name is frequently abbreviated as C. E. Warner.
Bamischijf
A bamischijf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbaːmisxɛif] ⓘ) is a Dutch snack consisting of a (Dutch: schijf) of bami, breaded and deep-fried. It is a Dutch modification of the Chinese-Indonesian noodle dish bakmi goreng. A nasischijf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈnɑsisxɛif] ⓘ) is a similar dish made with nasi goreng.

Mie goreng
Mie goreng (Indonesian: mi goreng; meaning "fried noodles"), also known as bakmi goreng, is an Indonesian stir-fried noodle dish. It is made with thin yellow noodles stir-fried in cooking oil with garlic, onion or shallots, fried prawn, chicken, beef, or sliced bakso (meatballs), chili, Chinese cabbage, cabbages, tomatoes, egg, and other vegetables. Ubiquitous in Indonesia, it is sold by food vendors from street hawkers (warungs) to high-end restaurants.
The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt
The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt is a 1961 memoir by Eleanor Roosevelt, an American political figure, diplomat, activist and First Lady of the United States while her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt, was President of the United States. The Autobiography was the fourth of four memoirs written by Roosevelt, the other three being: This Is My Story (1937), This I Remember (1949), and On My Own (1958). She combined those three into The Autobiography. The book was generally well received by critics, who particularly appreciated how the combined memoirs showed Eleanor's development.

This I Remember
This I Remember is a 1949 memoir by Eleanor Roosevelt, an American political figure, diplomat, activist and First Lady of the United States while her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt, was President of the United States. This I Remember was one of four memoirs written by Roosevelt, the other three being: This Is My Story, On My Own, and The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt. It was received well by critics and was a commercial success.
RUFY2
RUN and FYVE domain containing 2 (RUFY2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUFY2 gene. The RUFY2 gene is named for two of its domains, the RUN domain and FYVE domains. RUFY2 is a member of the RUFY family of proteins that include RUFY1, RUFY2, RUFY3, and RUFY4. RUFY2 protein has a dynamic role in endosomal membrane trafficking.

FYVE domain
In molecular biology the FYVE zinc finger domain is named after the four cysteine-rich proteins: Fab 1 (yeast orthologue of PIKfyve), YOTB, Vac 1 (vesicle transport protein), and EEA1, in which it has been found. FYVE domains bind phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, in a way dependent on its metal ion coordination and basic amino acids. The FYVE domain inserts into cell membranes in a pH-dependent manner. The FYVE domain has been connected to vacuolar protein sorting and endosome function.

The human genome encodes about 30 FYVE-domain proteins.
Ivanhoe, Newfoundland and Labrador
Ivanhoe, originally Old Tilt, was a small settlement on the island of Ireland's Eye in the Trinity area of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Ivanhoe was established as Old Tilt no later than 1891, although Ireland's Eye had been in use since the 1600s. It had a population of 21 in 1891 and a peak population of 101 in 1945. The post office in Ivanhoe was built on September 4, 1952, and opened to the public for business on September 11 of that year.  The first postmistress was Mrs. Lillian Ivany, in honour of whom the post office itself was named. Ivanhoe was resettled on September 13, 1966.

Ivanhoe shared Ireland's Eye with several other resettled communities, including Ireland's Eye and Black Duck Cove.

Black Duck Cove, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
Black Duck Cove was a small settlement on the island of Ireland's Eye off the northeast corner of Random Island in Newfoundland and Labrador. It was resettled along with other communities on the island in the 1900s.

It shared the island with several other resettled communities, including Ireland's Eye and Ivanhoe.