hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martin Armstrong (surveyor)
Martin Armstrong (1739–1802) was an colonel in the Surry County Regiment of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolution, a surveyor, and  notable for devising the plan for Clarksville, Tennessee in 1784.

Clarksville, Tennessee
Clarksville is a city in Montgomery County, Tennessee, United States, its county seat, and only incorporated municipality. The city had a population of 166,722 as of the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most populous city in Tennessee. It is the principal city of the Clarksville metropolitan area, which consists of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky.

The city was founded in 1785 and incorporated in 1807, and named for General George Rogers Clark, frontier fighter and Revolutionary War hero, and brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Clarksville is the home of Austin Peay State University; The Leaf-Chronicle, the oldest newspaper in Tennessee; and neighbor to the Fort Campbell, United States Army post. The site of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell is located about 10 miles (16 km) from downtown Clarksville and straddles the Tennessee-Kentucky state line.
Nashaway
The Nashaway (or Nashua or Weshacum) were a tribe of Algonquian Indians inhabiting the upstream portions of the Nashua River valley in what is now the northern half of Worcester County, Massachusetts, mainly in the vicinity of Sterling, Clinton, ⁣Lancaster and other towns near Mount Wachusett, as well as southern New Hampshire. The meaning of Nashaway is "between," an adverbial form derived from "nashau" meaning "someone is between/in the middle" = adverbial suffix "we"

Lancaster, Massachusetts
Lancaster is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Incorporated in 1653, Lancaster is the oldest town in Worcester County. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 8,441. It contains the village of South Lancaster.
Iranistan
Iranistan was a Moorish Revival mansion in Bridgeport, Connecticut commissioned by P. T. Barnum in 1848. It was designed by Bohemian-American architect Leopold Eidlitz. At this "beautiful country seat" Barnum played host to such famous contemporaries as the Hutchinson Family Singers, Matthew Arnold, George Armstrong Custer, Horace Greeley, and Mark Twain. The grandiose structure survived only a decade before being destroyed by fire in 1857. It was one of five such fires in the showman's life that "burned to the ground all his accomplishments".

Leopold Eidlitz
Leopold Eidlitz (March 10, 1823, – March 22, 1908) was an American architect of Czech-Jewish origin. He was based in the New York state. He is best known for his work on the New York State Capitol (Albany, New York, 1876–1881), as well as for major 19th-century commissions including "Iranistan" (1848), P. T. Barnum's house in Bridgeport, Connecticut; the Second Congregational Church of Greenwich (1856); St. Peter’s Church in the Bronx (1853); the Brooklyn Academy of Music (1861, destroyed by fire in 1903); the former Temple Emanu-El (1866–68, destroyed 1927); the Broadway Tabernacle (1859, demolished c. 1907); the completion of the Tweed Courthouse (1876–81); and the West-Park Presbyterian Chapel on West 86th Street and Amsterdam Avenue.
Stapelia grandiflora
Stapelia grandiflora is a species of flowering plant in the genus Stapelia of the family Apocynaceae. It is commonly referred to as the carrion plant, starfish flower, giant toad plant, or starfish cactus, although it is not related to cacti at all.  This "carrion plant" nickname can also refer to similar Stapelia species as well as members of related genera, including Stapelia gigantea and Orbea variegata. Stapelia grandiflora sometimes also goes by the name of Stapelia flavirostris. The plant is native to South Africa, including the Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and Free State.

Stapelia gigantea
Stapelia gigantea is a species of flowering plant in the genus Stapelia of the family Apocynaceae. Common names include carrion plant and toad plant (although the nickname "carrion plant" can also refer to Stapelia grandiflora). The plant is native to the desert regions of northeastern South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal and Northern Provinces) north to Malawi and Zambia.
Leb i sol
Leb i sol (Macedonian: Леб и сол, lit. 'Bread and Salt', pronounced [ˈlɛp ˌi ˈsɔl]) is a Macedonian and Yugoslav rock group founded in the 1970s by Vlatko Stefanovski (guitar), Bodan Arsovski (bass guitar), Nikola Kokan Dimuševski (keyboards) and Garabet Tavitjan (drums). Tavitjan ceded the drumwork to Dragoljub Đuričić for some of the albums, while Kiril Džajkovski replaced Kokan on Kao kakao (1987) and Putujemo (1989). Beside being the most eminent Macedonian band, they were also one of the most important acts of the Yugoslav rock scene.

Popular music in Yugoslavia
Popular music in Yugoslavia includes the pop and rock music of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including all their genres and subgenres. The scene included the constituent republics: SR Slovenia, SR Croatia, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Montenegro, SR Macedonia and SR Serbia and its subunits: SAP Vojvodina and SAP Kosovo. The pop and rock scene was a part of the general Music of Yugoslavia, which also included folk, classical music, jazz etc. Within Yugoslavia and internationally, the phrases ex-YU or ex-Yugoslav Pop and Rock both formally and informally generally to the SFRY period, though, in some cases, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is included, along with Serbia and Montenegro, which existed until 2006 (such as the book title Ex YU rock enciklopedija 1960 - 2006).
Greensboro station (Washington Metro)
Greensboro station (preliminary names Tysons Central 7, Tysons Central)  is a Washington Metro station in Tysons, in Fairfax County, Virginia, on the Silver Line. It opened on July 26, 2014, as part of phase 1 of the Silver Line. Greensboro is one of four Metro stations in the Tysons area and is to be part of the massive regeneration of the district.

Tysons, Virginia
Tysons, also known as Tysons Corner, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, spanning from the corner of SR 123  (Chain Bridge Road) and SR 7 (Leesburg Pike). It is part of the Washington metropolitan area and located in Northern Virginia between McLean and Vienna along I-495.

Tysons is home to two super-regional shopping malls, Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria, and the corporate and administrative headquarters of Alarm.com, Appian, Booz Allen Hamilton, Capital One, Freddie Mac, Hilton Worldwide, ID.me, Intelsat, M.C. Dean, Inc., MicroStrategy, and Tegna Inc.

As an unincorporated community, Tysons is Fairfax County's central business district and a regional commercial center. It has been called a quintessential example of an edge city. The population was 26,374 as of the 2020 census.
Wei Zhao (Eastern Wu)
Wei Zhao (204–273), courtesy name Hongsi, was an official, historian, and scholar of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He shared the same personal name as Sima Zhao (司馬昭, an ancestor of the Jin dynasty emperors). In order to avoid naming taboo, the historian Chen Shou changed Wei Zhao's personal name to "Yao (矅)" when he wrote Wei Zhao's biography in the Sanguozhi (the authoritative source for the history of the Three Kingdoms period).

Records of the Three Kingdoms
The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (c. 184 – 220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). It is regarded as to be the authoritative source text for these periods. Compiled following the reunification of China under the Jin dynasty (266–420), the work chronicles the political, social, and military events within rival states Cao Wei, Shu Han and Eastern Wu into a single text organized by individual biography.

The Records are the primary source of information for the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, considered to be one of the four classic novels emblematic of written vernacular Chinese.

While large subsections of the work have been selected and translated into English, the entire corpus has yet to receive an unabridged English translation.
3 Bahadur (film series)
3 Bahadur (Urdu: 3 بہادر) (Read as: Teen Bahadur, Urdu: تین بہادر, teen(۳) is the Urdu number for 3) is a Pakistani film series comprising the animated films directed by Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy. The series started with the film 3 Bahadur in 2015 and is followed by the sequel 3 Bahadur: The Revenge of Baba Balaam (2016).The third and final installment 3 Bahadur: Rise of the Warriors was released in 2018. Distributed by ARY Films, all films gather the story of three friends and their adventurous journey to save their community from evil.

3 Bahadur: Rise of the Warriors
3 Bahadur: Rise of the Warriors (Urdu: 3 بہادر: جنگجوؤں کا عروج) is a Pakistani animated action film directed by Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy and written by Kamran Khan. It is the third and the final installment in the 3 Bahadur trilogy animated film series and the sequel to 3 Bahadur: The Revenge of Baba Balaam (2016). The film stars the voices by Mehwish Hayat, Fahad Mustafa, Sarwat Gillani, Nimra Bucha and Behroze Sabzwari. It released nationwide on 14 December 2018 by ARY Films.
Jim Garrison
James Carothers Garrison (born Earling Carothers Garrison; November 20, 1921 – October 21, 1992) was the District Attorney of Orleans Parish, Louisiana, from 1962 to 1973 and later a state appellate court judge. A member of the Democratic Party, he is best known for his investigations into the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the prosecution of New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw to that effect in 1969, which ended in Shaw's acquittal. Garrison believed the assassination was the result of a conspiracy involving the CIA, FBI, The Pentagon (United States Department of Defense), the Mafia and other organizations. He wrote three published books, one of which became a prime source for Oliver Stone's film JFK in 1991, in which Garrison was portrayed by Kevin Costner, while Garrison himself made a cameo appearance as Earl Warren.

Trial of Clay Shaw
On March 1, 1967, New Orleans District attorney Jim Garrison arrested and charged New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw with conspiring to assassinate President Kennedy, with the help of Lee Harvey Oswald, David Ferrie, and others. On January 29, 1969, Shaw was brought to trial in Orleans Parish Criminal Court on these charges. On March 1, 1969, a jury took less than an hour to find Shaw not guilty. It remains the only trial to be brought for the assassination of President Kennedy.
Turkey in NATO
Turkey has been a member of NATO since 1952, has its second largest army and is the host of the Allied Land Command headquarters. The Incirlik and Konya Airbases have both been involved in several NATO military operations since their establishment. The current ambassador to NATO is Basat Öztürk.

Allied Land Command
The Allied Land Command (abbr.  LANDCOM), formerly Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe (LANDSOUTHEAST), is the standing headquarters for NATO land forces which may be assigned as necessary. The Commander of LANDCOM is the primary land warfare advisor to Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) and the Alliance. When directed by SACEUR, it provides the core of the headquarters responsible for the conduct of land operations. The command is based at Şirinyer (Buca), İzmir in Turkey.
The Origin (band)
The Origin was an American alternative/indie rock/power pop band formed in San Diego, California, in 1985. The classic line-up of the band consisted of Michael Andrews, Topper Rimel, Rony Abada, and Daniel Silverman. During the band's active years in the early nineties, they released two full-length albums and five singles, with two singles charting in the top 20 of the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. They broke up in 1993.

Michael Andrews (musician)
Michael Andrews (born November 17, 1967), also known as Elgin Park, is an American multi-instrumental musician, producer, and film score composer. He is best known for a cover version of the Tears for Fears song "Mad World", which he recorded with Gary Jules for the Donnie Darko soundtrack, and which became the 2003 UK Christmas number one. He is a founding member of the San Diego soul-jazz band The Greyboy Allstars, where he goes by the moniker Elgin Park.
Poundbury Hill
Poundbury Hill (grid reference SY682911) is the site of a scheduled Prehistoric and Roman archaeological remains and includes evidence of a Neolithic settlement, a substantial Bronze Age occupation site and an Iron Age hillfort. There are also late Iron Age burials and a section of Roman aqueduct. On the eastern side is an earlier Romano-British farmstead; and an extensive later (possibly Christian) cemetery, belonging to the Roman town Durnovaria.

Further buildings and enclosures of the 5th-8th centuries overlie the Roman cemetery. It is roughly rectangular and it is likely that it was designed to command views over the River Frome and the Frome valley to the north. The main entrance to the fort is on the eastern end. It overlooks the county town of Dorchester, Dorset, England.

Durnovaria
Durnovaria is a suggested spelling for the Latin form of the name of the Roman town of Dorchester in the modern English county of Dorset, amended from the actually observed Durnonovaria. Upon the assumption that the name was originally Brythonic, it is suggested that the first element in the name, *durno- may mean "fist" like (Welsh dwrn ‘fist, knob’) and the second may be related to Old Irish fáir ~ fóir denoting a confined area or den. A simpler amendment (one letter instead of two) would lead to *Duronovaria, making this place one of up to 18 ancient British names that contain Duro- and mostly occur at river crossings, while -novaria has two possible ancient parallels in Britain associated with river junctions. That analysis would perfectly fit the geographical situation of Dorchester.
Tokyu 7700 series
The Tokyu 7700 series (東急7700系, Tōkyū 7700-kei) was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Tokyu Corporation on the Tokyu Ikegami and Tokyu Tamagawa lines in Japan from 1987 to 2018.

Ikegami Line
The Ikegami Line (池上線, Ikegami-sen) is a railway line operated by the private railway operator Tokyu Corporation. It runs through Tokyo, extending from Gotanda Station in Shinagawa to Kamata Station in Ōta.

New three-car 7000 series EMUs were introduced in December 2007, with a total of 19 sets delivered by 2011.
Bluecoat school
A bluecoat school is a type of charity school in England and Ireland the first of which was founded in the 16th century. Most of them have closed; some remain open as schools, often on different sites, and some of the original buildings have been adapted for other purposes. They are known as "bluecoat schools" because of the distinctive blue uniform originally worn by their pupils. The colour blue was traditionally the colour of charity and was a common colour for clothing at the time. The uniform included a full-length blue coat and yellow stockings with white bands.

Bluecoat
The bluecoat is a style of dress code, traditionally worn in bluecoat schools (English private schools deriving from charity schools).

The main element of the bluecoat is a long (dark blue or black) coat, belted at the waist, with white neck decoration. Underneath a white shirt and grey breeches are worn, with knee-length stockings and smart shoes.
SAPHO syndrome
SAPHO syndrome includes a variety of inflammatory bone disorders that may be associated with skin changes. These diseases share some clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics.

An entity initially known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was first described in 1972. Subsequently, in 1978, several cases of were associated with blisters on the palms and soles (palmoplantar pustulosis). Since then, a number of associations between skin conditions and osteoarticular disorders have been reported under a variety of names, including sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis, pustulotic arthro-osteitis, and acne-associated spondyloarthropathy. The term SAPHO (an acronym for synovitis, arthritis, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) was coined in 1987 to represent this spectrum of inflammatory bone disorders that may or may not be associated with dermatologic pathology.

Osteitis
Osteitis is inflammation of bone. More specifically, it can refer to one of the following conditions:

Osteomyelitis, or infectious osteitis, mainly bacterial osteitis

Alveolar osteitis or "dry socket"

Condensing osteitis (or Osteitis condensans)

Osteitis deformans (or Paget's disease of bone)

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (or Osteitis fibrosa, or Von Recklinghausen's disease of bone)

Osteitis pubis

Radiation osteitis
Osteitis condensans ilii

Panosteitis, a long bone condition in large breed dogs

In horses, pedal osteitis is frequently confused with laminitis.
Limousin (province)
Limousin (French pronunciation: [limuzɛ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Lemosin [lemuˈzi]) is a former province of the Kingdom of France. It existed from 1589 until 1790, when the National Constituent Assembly adopted a more uniform division into departments (départements) and districts (arrondissements). It is located in the foothills of the western edge of the Massif Central and surrounds the city of Limoges (Occitan: Limòtges).

The territory of the former province of Limousin corresponds to an area smaller than the administrative region, comprising the current department of Corrèze, the southern half of Haute-Vienne (including Limoges, its historic capital), and a small part of the Dordogne.

Corrèze
Corrèze (French pronunciation: [kɔʁɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in France, named after the river Corrèze which runs through it. Although its prefecture is Tulle, its most populated city is Brive-la-Gaillarde. Corrèze is located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, on the border with Occitania and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

In 2019, Corrèze had a population of 240,073, divided among 279 communes. Its inhabitants are called Corréziens (masculine) and Corréziennes (feminine). Its INSEE and postal code is 19.
Walter Schottky Institute
The Walter Schottky Institute (WSI) (German: Walter-Schottky-Institut) is a research center at the Technical University of Munich, dedicated to the physics of semiconductors. Established in 1988, it is located on its Garching campus. It is named after physicist Walter H. Schottky.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
Soissons
Soissons (French pronunciation: [swasɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the river Aisne, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, whose establishment dates from about 300, and it was the location of a number of church synods called "Council of Soissons".

Suessiones
The Suessiones were a Belgic tribe, dwelling in the modern Aisne and Oise regions during the La Tène and Roman periods.

During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), their oppidum Noviodunum (Pommiers) was besieged and conquered by Caesar. Following their defeat by the Romans at the end of the campaign of 57 BC, they fell into dependence upon Rome and remained faithful to the Romans during the revolt of 51 BC.
Grumman
The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a 20th century American producer of military and civilian aircraft. Founded on December 6, 1929, by Leroy Grumman and his business partners, it merged in 1994 with Northrop Corporation to form Northrop Grumman.

Leroy Grumman
Leroy Randle "Roy" Grumman (4 January 1895 – 4 October 1982) was an American aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and industrialist. In 1929, he co-founded Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co., later renamed Grumman Aerospace Corporation, and now part of Northrop Grumman.
Paguthan Combined Cycle Power Plant
Paguthan Combined Cycle Power Plant is located in Bharuch district of Gujarat. The gas based power project is owned by CLP India Private Limited, a subsidiary of CLP Group of Hong Kong.

The plant was originally owned by Gujarat Paguthan Energy Corporation which was acquired by  CLP India Private Limited in 2002.

CLP Group
CLP Group (Chinese: 中電集團) and its holding company, CLP Holdings Ltd (中電控股有限公司), also known as China Light and Power Company, Limited (now CLP Power Hong Kong Ltd., 中華電力有限公司), is an electricity company in Hong Kong. Incorporated in 1901 as China Light & Power Company Syndicate, its core business remains the generation, transmission, and retailing of electricity. It also has businesses in a number of Asian markets as well as EnergyAustralia in Australia. It is one of the two main electricity power generation companies in Hong Kong, the other being Hongkong Electric Company.
Hary Tanoesoedibjo
Bambang Hary Iswanto Tanoesoedibjo (born 26 September 1965), usually shortened to Hary Tanoesoedibjo or Hary Tanoe, is an Indonesian businessman and politician. He is the chairman of PT MNC Asia Holding Tbk, which he founded in 1989. As the chairman, he oversees the holding company and its subsidiaries, including Media Nusantara Citra.

He was the leader of the Perindo Party until he was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Angela Tanoesoedibjo, in 2024.

He lectures in post-graduate programs at several universities in the fields of corporate finance, investment and management strategies.

Tanoesoedibjo was listed by Forbes as the 36th richest Indonesian in 2024, with $1 billion.

He is a close friend of 45th and 47th U.S. President Donald Trump.

Perindo Party
The Indonesian Unity Party (Indonesian: Partai Persatuan Indonesia, Perindo) is a political party in Indonesia. The party was founded on 8 October 2014 and declared on 7 February 2015 by media tycoon Hary Tanoesoedibjo, owner of the MNC Group and business partner of current US President Donald Trump. Populist and protectionist this party sit in the centre-right position on the political spectrum.
Damiano David
Damiano David (Italian pronunciation: [daˈmjaːno ˈdaːvid]; born 8 January 1999) is an Italian singer and songwriter. He is the frontman of the rock band Måneskin, which won the Sanremo Music Festival 2021 and subsequently the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 representing Italy with the song "Zitti e buoni". In 2024, David started his solo musical career with the singles "Silverlines" and "Born with a Broken Heart", which preceded his debut studio album Funny Little Fears (2025). He embarked on his first solo concert tour in 2025.

Funny Little Fears World Tour
The Funny Little Fears World Tour was a concert tour by Italian singer Damiano David, in support of his debut studio album, Funny Little Fears (2025). Consisting of 34 shows, it passed through Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. The tour began in Warsaw, Poland, on 11 September 2025, and concluded in Silver Spring, Maryland, United States, on 16 December 2025.