hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stilb (unit)
The stilb (sb) is the CGS unit of luminance for objects that are not self-luminous. It is equal to one candela per square centimeter or 104 nits (candelas per square meter). The name was coined by the French physicist André Blondel around 1920. It comes from the Greek word stilbein (στίλβειν), meaning 'to glitter'.

It was in common use in Europe up to World War I. In North America self-explanatory terms such as candle per square inch and candle per square meter were more common. The unit has since largely been replaced by the SI unit: candela per square meter. The current national standard for SI in the United States discourages the use of the stilb.

Candela per square metre
The candela per square metre (symbol: cd/m2) is the unit of luminance in the International System of Units (SI). The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area.

The nit (symbol: nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nt = 1 cd/m2). The term nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitēre, "to shine".

As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. The sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. Typically, monitors calibrated for SDR broadcast or studio color grading should have a brightness of 100 cd/m2. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m2. HDR displays range from around 400 to 2500 cd/m2.
Kittatinny Mountain
Kittatinny Mountain (Lenape: Kitahtëne) is a long ridge traversing primarily Sussex County in  northwestern New Jersey, running in a northeast–southwest axis, a continuation across the Delaware Water Gap of Pennsylvania's Blue Mountain (also known as Kittatinny Ridge). It is the first major ridge in the far northeastern extension of the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian Mountains, and reaches its highest elevation (the state's highest), 1,803 feet, at High Point in Montague Township.  Kittatinny Mountain forms the eastern side of Wallpack Valley; the western side comprises the Wallpack Ridge (highest elevation: 928 feet (283 m) above sea level.

Delaware Water Gap
The Delaware Water Gap is a water gap on the border of the U.S. states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania where the Delaware River cuts through a large ridge of the Appalachian Mountains.

The gap makes up the southern portion of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, which is used primarily for recreational purposes, such as canoeing, fishing, hiking, and rock climbing. Though the US National Park Service manages the National Recreation Area, portions of the water gap are also patrolled by New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.

The park does not charge an entrance fee but does have expanded amenity fees, including vehicle season and daily passes, bicycles amenity fees, and charges for beach use. Most of the park is open 24-hours a day, with most day-use areas within the park open sunrise to sunset (such as trailhead parking lots, Millbrook Village, and all picnic areas).
Michael Powell (lobbyist)
Michael Kevin Powell (born March 23, 1963) is an American attorney and lobbyist who served as the 24th chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from 2001 to 2005. Since leaving office, Powell has worked as the president of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA), a broadband industry trade association.

Powell was appointed to the FCC by President Bill Clinton on November 3, 1997, and was chosen by President George W. Bush to serve as chairman of the commission on January 22, 2001. Powell is the son of former secretary of state Colin Powell and his wife Alma Powell.

Alma Powell
Alma Vivian Powell (née Johnson; October 27, 1937 – July 28, 2024) was an American audiologist and the wife of military and political figure Colin Powell, to whom she was married from August 25, 1962 until his death in 2021.
Samsung Ultra Edition
Samsung Ultra Edition is a former series of mobile phones from Samsung Electronics that were designed to be extremely slim and minimalistic. The first range was introduced in June 2006 which included the X820, dubbed the "world's thinnest" at just 6.9 millimetres thickness. The second range came in February 2007 including the new "world's thinnest" U100 model at 5.9 mm thickness, a figure that remains very rare in handsets as of 2020. To date, the slimmest mobile phones are Oppo R5 and R5s introduced 2014 with 4.9 mm thickness. The "Ultra Edition" names represent the respective handset's width in millimetres. It was discontinued in January 2010, as some of its features were integrated into the Samsung Galaxy family with the launch of the Samsung Galaxy S series.

Samsung SGH-X820
Samsung SGH-X820, also known as Ultra Edition 6.9, is a mobile phone created by Samsung and announced in Q3 2006, as part of the Samsung Ultra Edition range.

Samsung marketed the device as "the world's slimmest mobile phone", and as a competitor to the Motorola SLVR L7. The X820 surpassed Samsung D830, released that same year, which Samsung previously marketed as "the world's slimmest".

The carrier-unlocked U.S. price on late July 2006 was $449.00.
Christoph Probst
Christoph Ananda Probst
(6 November 1919 – 22 February 1943) was a German medical student and member of the anti-Nazi resistance group White Rose (Weiße Rose). Although less publicly known than Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl, Probst played a key intellectual role in the group’s efforts to oppose the Nazi regime through nonviolent means.

His final contribution—a draft for a new leaflet calling for an end to the war—was discovered upon Hans Scholl’s arrest and led directly to Probst’s own execution. He is remembered for his quiet conviction, moral clarity, and for placing conscience above personal safety, even as a young husband and father of three.

Hans Scholl
Hans Fritz Scholl (German: [hans ʃɔl] ⓘ; 22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943) was, along with Alexander Schmorell, one of the two founding members of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. The principal author of the resistance movement's literature, he was found guilty of high treason for distributing anti-Nazi material and was executed by the Nazi regime in 1943 during World War II.
The Diamond Brothers: South by South East
The Diamond Brothers: South by South East is a 1991 British six-part detective series broadcast on ITV written and directed by Anthony Horowitz and starring Dursley McLinden, Colin Dale and Monique van de Ven. A sequel to the 1988 film Just Ask for Diamond, based on the book series The Diamond Brothers by Horowitz, the series was later novelised by Horowitz as South by South East, also published in 1991. The series was broadcast as part of the CITV block on Tuesday afternoons at around 4:30pm. The plot and title is a spoof of Alfred Hitchcock's 1959 film, North by Northwest.

The Diamond Brothers
The Diamond Brothers is a series of humorous children's detective books by Anthony Horowitz, recounting the adventures of the world's worst private detective, Tim Diamond, and his much more intelligent younger brother, Nick Diamond.

The series currently comprises four full-length novels, four novellas and one short story. A fifth full-length novel entitled The Radius of the Lost Shark is being planned. These books are aimed at a younger readership than Horowitz's young adult novels, such as the Alex Rider series and The Power of Five series. While also having a teenage protagonist and featuring guns, fights, international criminals, and numerous character deaths, The Diamond Brothers series has a more humorous slant through the use of puns, pop culture references and absurd situations.

The entire series was re-issued in 2007 with new cover art designed by illustrator Martin Chatterton, and again in 2015 illustrated by Tony Ross.
Bombing of Kumagaya
The bombing of Kumagaya (熊谷空襲, Kumagaya-kūshū) on 14 August 1945, was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of the Pacific War in 1945.

Kumagaya
Kumagaya (熊谷市, Kumagaya-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 195,277 in 87,827 households and a population density of 1200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 159.82 square kilometres (61.71 sq mi).
Helsinki Agreement (Aceh)
The Helsinki Agreement is a term commonly used in Indonesia to refer to the memorandum of understanding between the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) signed in Helsinki, Finland on 15 August 2005. This agreement contains a statement of commitment from both parties to efforts to resolve the Aceh conflict in a peaceful, comprehensive, sustainable, and dignified manner for the people of Aceh. The Helsinki Accords detailed the content of the agreement reached and the principles that would guide the transformation process.

Free Aceh Movement
The Free Aceh Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM; Acehnese: Geurakan Acèh Meurdèka/Gěrakan Aceh Měrdeka) was a separatist group seeking independence for the province of Aceh of Sumatra, Indonesia. GAM fought against Indonesian government forces in the Aceh insurgency from 1976 to 2005. Estimates of the death toll total over 15,000 people killed.

The organisation surrendered its separatist intentions and dissolved its armed wing following the 2005 peace agreement with the Indonesian government, and subsequently changed its name into Aceh Transition Committee (Indonesian: Komite Peralihan Aceh, KPA). The Indonesian government called the group the Aceh Security Disturbance Movement.
WWF European Rampage Tour
WWF European Rampage Tour is a game based on the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), created by Arc Developments and published in 1992 by Ocean Software for the Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS. It capitalizes on the success of the previous WWF game for home computers, WWF WrestleMania, and was aimed predominantly at the European markets. It was the last WWF game released strictly for home computers until the release of WWF With Authority! in 2001. The game is based on the real-life WWF European Rampage tours held in early nineties.

WWF WrestleMania (1991 video game)
WWF WrestleMania is a game developed by Twilight and published by Ocean Software in 1991 for the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, and DOS. Named after the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF) annual pay-per-view event WrestleMania, it was the first WWF licensed game available for these computers, which were still dominant in Europe. It was followed on most of these computers by 1992's WWF European Rampage Tour.

In February 1993, the Spectrum and Amstrad CPC versions were released as part of the Super Fighter compilation with Pit-Fighter and Final Fight.

Visually, the game resembles the arcade game WWF Superstars, and it plays somewhat similarly as well.
British League Division Two Knockout Cup
The British League Division Two Knockout Cup (known as the National League Knockout Cup between 1976 and 1990 in line with the name of the league) was a motorcycle speedway Knockout Cup competition in the United Kingdom governed by the Speedway Control Bureau (SCB), in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA). The teams from the second and lowest tier of league racing, the British League Division Two, took part. Similar competitions have been held within the leagues that succeeded the British League.

Knockout Cup (speedway)
Knockout Cup (sometimes referred to as the KO Cup) is a type of British motorcycle speedway competition, examples of which have run annually since 1929.

Each tier of British Speedway has its own respective Knockout Cup. The current Knockout Cup competitions are the SGB Premiership Knockout Cup (tier one), the SGB Championship Knockout Cup (tier two) and the National League Knockout Cup (tier three).

The cups were run in the past under the associated name of the League at the time. For example Elite League Knockout Cup when tier one was the Elite League, a Premier League Knockout Cup when tier two was the Premier League and so on.
Lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, i.e. a model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine (and vice versa). It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics. In 1936, Church found a formulation which was logically consistent, and documented it in 1940.

Model of computation
In computer science, and more specifically in computability theory and computational complexity theory, a model of computation is a model that describes how an output of a mathematical function is computed given an input. A model of computation describes how units of computations, memories, and communications are organized. The computational complexity of an algorithm can be measured given a model of computation. Using a model allows studying the performance of algorithms independently of the variations that are specific to particular implementations and specific technology.
Shelley (name)
Shelley is a given name and surname. In many baby name books, Shelley is listed as meaning 'meadow's edge' or 'clearing on a bank'. It is Old English in origin. As with many other names (Courtney, Ashley, etc.), Shelley is today a name given almost exclusively to girls after historically being male. It is commonly used as a nickname for  Michelle (and formerly as a variant of Shirley). Shelley is also a transferred surname used by those in Essex, Suffolk and Yorkshire, particularly in settlements where a wood/clearing was beside a ledge or hillside. Shelly is a common alternative spelling. It is featured in tile on the ceiling of the Library of Congress in Washington D.C.

Notable people with the name include:

Michelle (name)
Michelle is a given name, originally a variant of Michèle, the French feminine form of Michel, derived from the Hebrew name Michael meaning "Who is like God?". The usual Latin feminine form of the name was Michaela, with Michael the vernacular form for both men and women. The name was given in reference to the archangel Michael, a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. The usual French feminine form of the name was Micheline. The name Michelle was rare until the 20th century. It became a popular name in France and later throughout the Anglosphere after 1930, popularized by French-born film actress Michèle Morgan, who was born Simone Roussel. The name was further popularized by the 1965 hit Beatles song "Michelle".  The name peaked in usage for American girls in 1968, when it was among the five most popular names for newborn girls. The name has since declined in popularity but remains in regular use in English-speaking as well as French-speaking countries.

It is also a surname.
Hedvig Elisabet Strömfelt
Hedvig Elisabet Strömfelt (née Wrangel; 1687 — 8 March 1751) was a Swedish courtier. She served as överhovmästarinna to two queens of Sweden, Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, and as Royal Governess to the royal children. Gustav III of Sweden refers to her with affection and admiration in his writings.

Louisa Ulrika of Prussia
Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (Swedish: Lovisa Ulrika; German: Luise Ulrike; 24 July 1720 - 16 July 1782) was Queen of Sweden from 1751 to 1771. She was married to king Adolf Frederick and she was queen mother during the reign of king Gustav III.
Esplanade, Kolkata
Esplanade is a neighbourhood of Central Kolkata, located at the heart of city with being the city's Central business district and major transport junction. This is a conventional esplanade because the Hooghly River, the western distributary of Ganges, flows nearby and it is adjacent to the large fields of Maidan extending up to Fort William.

Maidan (Kolkata)
The Maidan (lit. 'open field'; Bengali: ময়দান) is a large urban area containing vast urban green space, parks, playgrounds and several public venues in the center of Kolkata (Calcutta), India. The area is spread over a total area of 519 hectares (1,280 acres). The urban green space of the Maidan, which compromises an area of around 160 hectares (400 acres), is the largest urban park and urban green space in Kolkata city and second largest in the Kolkata metropolitan area as well as in India. Prior to the 2013 creation of Eco Park, it was the largest urban park in India. Its vast stretch of field that includes numerous sporting grounds, including the famous cricketing venue Eden Gardens, several football stadiums and the Kolkata Race Course.
Charlotte Stierneld
Christina Charlotta "Charlotte" Stierneld née Gyldenstolpe (1766–1825) was a Swedish courtier; governess for the royal children in 1802–1809, and överhovmästarinna (Mistress of the Robes) to the queen of Sweden, Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, from 1811 to 1818.

Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp
Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish: Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta; 22 March 1759 – 20 June 1818) was the queen consort of Charles XIII of Sweden and II of Norway. She was also a famed diarist, memoirist and wit. She is known as Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte, though her official name as queen was Charlotte (Charlotta).

She was born in Eutin the daughter of Duke Frederick August I of Holstein-Gottorp and Princess Ulrike Friederike Wilhelmine of Hesse-Kassel. 
She grew up in Eutin and married her cousin Charles, Duke of Södermanland, in Stockholm on 7 July 1774 when she was fifteen years old. The marriage was arranged by King Gustav III to provide the throne of Sweden with an heir. The King had not consummated his marriage and had decided to give the task of providing an heir to the throne to his brother.
Leighfield
Leighfield is a civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. There is no settlement centre in the parish, only a few isolated properties. In the 2001 census it had a population of 10, which was the fourth smallest of Rutland's parish populations. At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100 and was included in the civil parish of Ridlington. It shares its name with Leighfield Forest, a much larger area from Braunston-in-Rutland to Stockerston and from Skeffington to Ridlington, a triangle of land roughly 4 miles (6.4 km)  in each direction.

The village's name means 'Wood/clearing'. Spellings with the addition of the Old English word 'feld' meaning 'open land' started to appear from the 14th century.

The Leighfield Way is a 7.4 miles (11.9 km) waymarked route joining the Leicestershire and Rutland Rounds at Belton-in-Rutland with the Hereward Way and Viking Way at Oakham.

Ridlington
Ridlington is a village and civil parish in Rutland in the East Midlands of England. The population of the village was 202 at the time of the 2001 census, including Ayston, Leighfield and Wardley also increasing to 260 at the 2011 census.

The village's name means 'farm/settlement of Redel'.

The Church of St Mary Magdalene and St Andrew is the Church of England parish church. It is a Grade II* listed building.

The Village Hall on Main Street was originally the Ridlington Village Primary School, built in 1873. The Diocese of Peterborough made it over to the Parish Council in 1964 when the school closed.

Ridlington was the home of Hugh Boyville, a landowner and Member of Parliament for Rutland in the 15th century. The prominent Harington family had their seat here and one branch were created the Harington Baronets, of Ridlington in 1611.
Hashimoto Gahō
Hashimoto Gahō (橋本 雅邦; Japanese pronunciation: [ha.ɕi.mo.to (|) ɡaꜜ.hoː], August 21, 1835 – January 13, 1908) was a Japanese painter, one of the last to paint in the style of the Kanō school. He is also considered the founder of Nihonga and was an educator who trained many Nihonga painters. Many of the painters recognized in later generations as great Nihonga masters, such as Yokoyama Taikan, Shimomura Kanzan, Hishida Shunsō and Kawai Gyokudō, were his students. He was one of the first five painters to be appointed as an Imperial Household Artist and was one of the most authoritative painters in Japan at that time.

Kawai Gyokudō
Kawai Gyokudō (川合 玉堂; November 24, 1873 – June 30, 1957) was the pseudonym of a Japanese painter in the nihonga school, active from Meiji through Shōwa period Japan. His real name was Kawai Yoshisaburō.
Derventio (Papcastle)
Derventio was a Roman settlement at Papcastle on the river Derwent near Cockermouth, Cumbria, England.
It was the site of a Roman fort, which was originally built in timber and rebuilt in stone. There was also a civilian settlement (vicus). It is sometimes called Derventio Carvetiorum by modern writers (after the people known as the Carvetii) to distinguish it from other places named Derventio, but there is no evidence of that extended name being used in the Roman period.

A major Roman road linked Derventio to Old Carlisle near Wigton and Carlisle itself (Luguvalium) to the northeast, whilst a separate road led northwest to the coastal fort of Alauna just north of Maryport.

In the 12th century the Normans removed Roman stonework from the site and used it to build Cockermouth Castle.

Alauna (Maryport)
Alauna was a castrum or fort in the Roman province of Britannia. It occupied a coastal site just north of the town of Maryport in the English county of Cumbria (formerly part of Cumberland).

It was linked by a Roman road to the Roman fort and settlement at Derventio (Papcastle) to the southeast, and thence by another road northeast to the regional hub of Luguvalium (Carlisle).

In 2015 "Maryport's Mystery Monuments" was Research Project of the Year in the British Archaeology Awards.
KLTN
KLTN (102.9 FM; "Que Buena 102.9") is a regional Mexican radio station broadcasting in Houston, Texas, United States.  Owned by Univision Radio, its studios are in Uptown Houston and the transmitter is located on the historic (1948) KNUZ tower, along with sister station KAMA-FM, at 315 N. Ennis Street in the East End.

KCOH
KCOH (1230 AM) is a commercial radio station in Houston, Texas that airs an urban talk and urban contemporary format. It is a return to the heritage format that aired in Houston from 1953 to 2013 on KCOH (1430 AM), moving to this facility after 1430 was sold. KCOH returned to the legendary music format on March 14, 2019, while KCOH officially relaunched on Monday April 15, 2019 as "1230 KCOH, The Source", featuring many of the long-time KCOH shows from the original station, and the return of such legendary KCOH personalities as Don Sam and Ralph Cooper.
Filing cabinet
A filing cabinet (or sometimes file cabinet in American English) is a piece of office furniture for storing paper documents in file folders. In the most simple context, it is an enclosure for drawers in which articles are stored.  The two most common forms of filing cabinets are vertical files and lateral files.  A vertical file cabinet has drawers that extend from the short side (typically 15 inches or 380 mm) of the cabinet. A lateral file cabinet has drawers that extend from the long side (various lengths) of the cabinet. These are also called side filers in Great Britain. There are also shelf files which go on shelves. In the United States, file cabinets are usually built to accommodate 8.5 × 11 paper, and in other countries, filing cabinets are often designed to hold other sizes of paper, such as A4 paper.

Drawer
A drawer (/drɔːr/ ⓘ DROR) is a box-shaped container inside a piece of furniture that can be pulled out horizontally to access its contents. Drawers are built into numerous types of furniture, including cabinets, chests of drawers (bureaus), desks, and the like.