hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hovander Homestead Park
Hovander Homestead Park is a 350-acre county park in Ferndale, Washington, in the United States. The park borders the Nooksack River, and includes access to Tennant Lake. It is named for the Hovander family, who immigrated from Sweden to the property in 1898 and designed the farmhouse, barn, and other buildings, some of which include distinctive architectural features. The homestead was owned by the Hovander family until 1969 when the Whatcom County government purchased the land from Hokan Hovander's son, Otis, and it became a county park in 1971.

The park has been preserved to show the lives of 20th-century pioneers in the Northwest, as well as to preserve the history of the Hovander family. Hovander Homestead Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 1978, the park received the National Trust for Historic Preservation award for the preservation of a significant historic site.

Ferndale, Washington
Ferndale is a city in Whatcom County, Washington, United States. The population was 15,048 at the 2020 census. and according to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 15,992. Ferndale is the third largest city in Whatcom County and is situated near the Lummi Nation within the Bellingham metropolitan area.
Rodger Ward
Rodger Morris Ward (January 10, 1921 – July 5, 2004) was an American racing driver best known for his open-wheel career. He is generally regarded as one of the finest drivers of his generation, and is best known for winning two National Championships, and two Indianapolis 500s, both in 1959 and 1962. He also won the AAA National Stock Car Championship in 1951.

AAA and USAC Stock Car
The USAC Stock Car division was the stock car racing class sanctioned by the United States Auto Club (USAC). The division raced nationally; drivers from USAC's open wheel classes like Indy cars, Silver Crown, sprints, and midgets frequently competed in races and won championships. Several NASCAR drivers raced in USAC Stock Cars at various points in their careers.

In the late 1950s, USAC Stock Cars rivaled NASCAR stock cars with races throughout the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. NASCAR owners Holman-Moody found racing in USAC Stock Cars to be appealing because of USAC's ties to the Indianapolis 500.
Qadad
Qadad (Arabic: قضاض qaḍāḍ) or qudad is a waterproof plaster surface, made of a lime plaster treated with slaked lime and oils and fats. The technique is over a thousand years old, with the remains of this early plaster still seen on the standing sluices of the ancient Marib Dam.

Volcanic ash, pumice, scoria (Arabic: شاش), in the Yemeni dialect, or other crushed volcanic aggregate are often used as pozzolanic agents, reminiscent of ancient Roman lime plaster which incorporated pozzolanic volcanic ash.

Due to the slowness of some of the chemical reactions, qadad mortar can take over a hundred days to prepare, from quarrying of raw materials to the beginning of application to the building. It can also take over a year to set fully.

In 2004, a documentary film Qudad, Re-inventing a Tradition was made by the filmmaker Caterina Borelli. It documents the restoration of the Amiriya Complex, which was awarded the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2007.

Amiriya Madrasa
The Amiriya Madrasa (Arabic: المدرسة العامرية) is a 16th-century madrasa (educational institution) located in Rada, Yemen.  It is under consideration for inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was built in 1504 and is an example of the architecture of Tahirids, Yemen. The monument was in poor condition until 1978 when Iraqi-born archaeologist Selma Al-Radi saw it and enlisted financial help from foreign missions to restore it in a more than twenty-year effort which she led.
Shaoyang
Shaoyang (simplified Chinese: 邵阳; traditional Chinese: 邵陽; pinyin: Shàoyáng), formerly named Baoqing (Paoking) (Chinese: 宝庆), is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Hunan province, China, bordering Guangxi to the south. It has a history of 2500 years and remains an important commercial and transportation city in Hunan. As of the 2020 Chinese census, its total population was 6,563,520 inhabitants, of whom 1,415,173 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts and Xinshao County largely conurbated.

One of the major forest areas in Hunan, Shaoyang has a forest coverage of 42.7%. The 23,000,000-acre (93,000 km2) NanShan Pastures is one of the biggest in South Central China and provide dairy products and meat for Hunanese.

Shaoyang is home to Shaoyang University. The school is composed of the former Shaoyang Normal College and Shaoyang College.

The Shaoyang dialect of Lou Shao group of dialects of Xiang is generally spoken here.

Wugang, Hunan
Wugang (simplified Chinese: 武冈; traditional Chinese: 武岡; pinyin: Wǔgāng) is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of Shaoyang prefecture-level city. Located on the southwest of the province and middle of Shaoyang's jurisdiction, the city is bordered to the north by Dongkou and Longhui Counties, to the west by Suining County, to the southwest by Chengbu County, to the southeast by Xinning County, and to the northeast by Shaoyang County. Wugang City covers an area of 1,539 km2 (594 sq mi). As of the 2010 census, the city had a registered population of 810,003 and a resident population of 734,870. In 2014, it had a registered population of 834,868 and a resident population of 759,312. The city has four subdistricts, 11 towns and three townships under its jurisdiction, and the government seat is Shuiximen Subdistrict.
483P/PanSTARRS
483P/PanSTARRS (provisional designation P/2016 J1) is a pair of active main-belt asteroids that split apart from each other in early 2010. The brighter and larger component of the pair, P/2016 J1-A, was discovered first by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakalā Observatory on 5 May 2016. Follow-up observations by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory discovered the second component, P/2016 J1-B, on 6 May 2016. Both asteroids are smaller than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) in diameter, with P/2016 J1-A being roughly 0.6 km (0.37 mi) in diameter and P/2016 J1-B being roughly 0.3 km (0.19 mi) in diameter.: 18  The two components recurrently exhibit cometary activity as they approach the Sun near perihelion, suggesting that their activity is driven by sublimation of volatile compounds such as water.

Asteroid pair
An asteroid pair, or (if more than two bodies) an asteroid cluster, are asteroids which at some point in the past had very small relative velocities, and are typically formed either by a collisional break-up of a parent body, or from binary asteroids which became gravitationally unbound and are now following similar but different orbits around the Sun.

A possible example of a pair are the Trojan asteroids 1583 Antilochus and 3801 Thrasymedes. The proposer of that pair, Andrea Milani, found five other potential asteroid clusters in the Greek camp, clustered around the asteroids 1437 Diomedes, 1647 Menelaus, 2456 Palamedes, 2797 Teucer and 4035 Thestor.

The youngest asteroid pairs discovered as of 2022 include the main-belt asteroids P/2016 J1-A/B (separated c. 2010) and (458271) 2010 UM26/2010 RN221 (separated c. 2003). The former pair is particularly remarkable for exhibiting comet-like activity due to water ice sublimation and rotational break-up.
Visa requirements for Antigua and Barbuda citizens
Visa requirements for Antiguan and Barbudan citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed by the authorities of foreign states on citizens of Antigua and Barbuda. As of 25 April 2025, Antiguan and Barbudan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access (including eTAs) to 152 countries and territories, ranking the Antiguan and Barbudan passport 25th in the world in terms of travel freedom (tied with the Trinidadian and Tobagonian passport) according to the Henley Passport Index.

Antiguan and Barbudan passport
Antiguan and Barbudan passports are issued to nationals of Antigua and Barbuda for international travel. The passport is a CARICOM passport as Antigua and Barbuda is a member of the Caribbean Community.
Steve Kennedy (musician)
Steve Kennedy is a Canadian based musician who co-wrote the hit song "When I Die" which was a hit for Motherlode in 1969. He is also notable for being a member of prominent historical Canadian groups such as  The Soul Searchers, Dr. Music, Lighthouse, and Grant Smith & The Power. He was also a member of Blood, Sweat And Tears.

Dianne Brooks
Gwendolyn Dianne Brooks (January 3, 1939 – April 29, 2005), was an American soul, r&b and jazz singer. With the Three Playmates, Brooks recorded several songs in 1957. She moved to Toronto shortly thereafter. Her part in Canadian soul music history began when the group Diane Brooks, Eric Mercury and the Soul Searchers was formed. As a solo singer, she recorded two albums and several singles of her own. Her biggest solo hit was "Walkin' on My Mind" in 1969. She was also a prolific session singer. As a vocalist, she provided backing vocals on albums by a multitude of artists that include Anne Murray, Gino Vannelli and Richie Havens. She was also a song-writer.
Oklahoma City Oklahoma Temple
The Oklahoma City Oklahoma Temple is the 95th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and the first built in the state of Oklahoma. Located in Yukon, a suburb of Oklahoma City, the temple was announced on March 14, 1999, and at the time of its completion served Latter-day Saints across Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Kansas, and Missouri. A Groundbreaking occurred on July 3, 1999, with Rex D. Pinegar, a church general authority, presiding. The temple was dedicated on July 30, 2000, by James E. Faust of the church's First Presidency.

The temple has a single-story design with a four-tiered tower with a gold-colored statue of the angel Moroni on its top. The exterior is composed of light beige limestone, is 10,769 square feet, and has two ordinance rooms, two sealing rooms, and a baptistry. In October 2017, the temple closed for extensive interior and exterior renovations. It was rededicated on May 19, 2019, by Henry B. Eyring of the First Presidency.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Oklahoma
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Oklahoma refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Oklahoma. Official church membership as a percentage of general population was 1.20% in 2014. According to the 2014 Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey, 1% of Oklahomans self-identify themselves most closely with the LDS Church. The LDS Church is the 8th largest denomination in Oklahoma.

The history of the denomination in what would become Oklahoma begins in the 1840s and the Indian Territory Mission was created and placed under the leadership of George Miller in 1855. The first temple in Oklahoma was dedicated in 2000. The eleven stakes based in Oklahoma are located in Bartlesville, Broken Arrow, Edmond, Gore, Lawton, Norman, Oklahoma City, Owasso, Stillwater and Tulsa.
Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
Victoria Eugenie Julia Ena of Battenberg (24 October 1887 – 15 April 1969), commonly known as Ena, was Queen of Spain as the wife of King Alfonso XIII from their marriage on 31 May 1906 until 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed.

A princess of the Grand Duchy of Hesse by birth, she was a member of the Battenberg family, a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was the youngest granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Unlike most members of the Battenberg family, who bore the style of Serene Highness, Victoria Eugenie was born with the style of Highness, by virtue of a royal warrant issued by Queen Victoria in 1886. Prior to her marriage, she was elevated to the style of Royal Highness by her uncle, King Edward VII.

Julia, Princess of Battenberg
Julia, Princess of Battenberg, previously Countess Julia von Hauke and Countess of Battenberg (born Julia Therese Salomea Hauke; 24 November [O.S. 12 November] 1825 – 19 September 1895), was the wife of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, the third son of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse.

The daughter of a Polish general of German descent, Julia was not of royal origin. She became a lady-in-waiting to Marie of Hesse, wife of the future Russian Emperor Alexander II and a sister of Alexander, whom Julia married after meeting him in the course of her duties. Although the marriage of social unequals like Julia and Alexander was deemed morganatic, the Duke of Hesse made her Princess of Battenberg. Julia was the mother of Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria, and she is an ancestor of the current British and Spanish royal families.
Ernst Bessel Hagen
Carl Ernst Bessel Hagen (who published under the name Ernst Hagen; 31 January 1851 – 15 January 1923) was a German applied and experimental physicist. With Heinrich Rubens, he identified the so-called Hagen–Rubens equation (1903).

Hagen–Rubens relation
In optics, the Hagen–Rubens relation (or Hagen–Rubens formula) is a relation between the coefficient of reflection and the conductivity for materials that are good conductors. The relation states that for solids where the contribution of the dielectric constant to the index of refraction is negligible, the reflection coefficient can be written as (in SI Units):

where  is the frequency of observation,  is the conductivity, and  is the vacuum permittivity. For metals, this relation holds for frequencies (much) smaller than the Drude relaxation rate, and in this case the otherwise frequency-dependent conductivity  can be assumed frequency-independent and equal to the dc conductivity.

The relation is named after German physicists Ernst Bessel Hagen and Heinrich Rubens who discovered it in 1903.
The Girl I Like Forgot Her Glasses
The Girl I Like Forgot Her Glasses (好きな子がめがねを忘れた, Suki na Ko ga Megane o Wasureta) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Koume Fujichika. The series was first published on Fujichika's Twitter account in April 2018, before being serialized in Square Enix's Monthly Gangan Joker magazine from November 2018 to April 2024. Its chapters were collected in twelve tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation produced by GoHands aired from July to September 2023.

GoHands
GoHands Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社GoHands, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Gōhanzu) is a Japanese animation studio located in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka. It was founded in 2008 by Ringo Kishimoto and former members of Satelight.

Known for their unique house animation style, GoHands have produced a number of anime series and films, including adaptations of Seitokai Yakuindomo (2010), Mardock Scramble (2010), Coppelion (2013) and The Girl I Like Forgot Her Glasses (2023), as well as original anime including K (2012), Hand Shakers (2017), and Momentary Lily (2025).
Blaine Stoughton
Blaine A. Stoughton (born March 13, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played twelve professional seasons. Stoughton played nine seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Hartford Whalers and New York Rangers, which bookended three seasons in the World Hockey Association (WHA) split among the Cincinnati Stingers, Indianapolis Racers and New England Whalers.

Hartford Whalers
The Hartford Whalers were a professional ice hockey team based for most of its 25-year existence in Hartford, Connecticut. The club played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 until 1979, and in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1997.

Originally based in Boston, they were charter members of the WHA, known as the New England Whalers for all seven seasons. After their second season, the team moved one hundred miles (160 km) southwest to Hartford in April 1974; five years later, the Whalers joined the NHL in the 1979 NHL–WHA merger and were renamed the "Hartford Whalers" because the Boston Bruins did not want to share a geographical market with the team.

After 25 years in New England, the franchise relocated to North Carolina in 1997 and became the Carolina Hurricanes.
Catlettsburg Refinery
The Catlettsburg Refinery is an American oil refinery. It is located in northeastern Kentucky, at the intersection of Interstate 64 and U.S. Route 23 in Catlettsburg, Kentucky near the cities of Ashland, Kentucky and Huntington, West Virginia. The facility was built in 1916 by the Great Eastern Refining Company  and purchased in 1924 by the Ashland Refining Company. The refinery now occupies a 650-acre (260 ha) plus site, producing more than 291,000 barrels per day (46,300 m3/d), and employing around 1,600 employees and contractors.  Its location on the west banks of the Big Sandy River and only two miles south of the Ohio River, allows it to ship products by barge as well as pipeline. It is owned and operated by Marathon Petroleum Corporation.

Due to the coal mining industry and the large quantity of petroleum products shipped from the refinery, the Port of Huntington Tri-State is the largest inland port in the United States, with 76.5 million tons shipped in 2007.

Ashland Global
Ashland, Inc., is an American chemical company headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware. The company began as an oil refinery in the city of Ashland, Kentucky, in 1924, before moving to Wilmington in 1994. The company has five wholly owned divisions, which include Chemical Intermediates and Solvents, composites, industrial specialties, personal and home care, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and agriculture. Until 2017, the company was the primary manufacturer of Valvoline.
Guo Puxiao
Guo Puxiao (Chinese: 郭普校; pinyin: Guō Pǔxiào; born January 1964) is a general (Shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China and the political commissar of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) since January 2022. He previously served as the political commissar of Logistic Support Department of the Central Military Commission from 2019 to 2022.

Logistic Support Department
The Logistic Support Department of the Central Military Commission (Chinese: 中央军委后勤保障部) is a first-level functional department of Theater Deputy grade under the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China. It was founded on January 11, 2016, under Xi Jinping's military reforms. The department organizes and leads the logistics unit construction and development, as well as administering and overseeing the barracks, housing, supplies, and hospitals of the People's Liberation Army. It is based in 22 Wanshou St,  Hadian District, Beijing. Its first director was Gen. Zhao Keshi. The current director is Lt. Gen. Zhang Lin.
Abra Group
Abra Group is a Latin American air transport holding company, created in 2022 from a merger of the shareholders of the Brazilian low-cost airline GOL Linhas Aéreas and the Colombian Avianca Group. It is the second largest aviation group in Latin America after LATAM Airlines Group. The group also owns the Spanish charter airline Wamos Air.

Wamos Air
Wamos Air, formerly named Pullmantur Air, is a Spanish charter airline headquartered in Madrid. It mostly operates leisure charter flights from its main base at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport and also operates aircraft for other entities.
Berriasian
In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age or stage of the Early Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been estimated to span the time between 143.1 ± 0.6 and 137.05 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Berriasian succeeds the Tithonian (part of the Jurassic) and precedes the Valanginian.

Tithonian
In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 149.2 ±0.7 Ma and 143.1 ±0.6 (million years ago). It is preceded by the Kimmeridgian and followed by the Berriasian (part of the Cretaceous).
Frank Wolf (politician)
Frank Rudolph Wolf (born January 30, 1939) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Virginia's 10th congressional district from 1981 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he announced in December 2013 that he would not seek re-election in 2014. He was succeeded by his former chief of staff and Republican state delegate Barbara Comstock. At the time of his retirement, he was the dean of the state's congressional delegation, having served for 34 consecutive years.

2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the 11 members from the state of Virginia to the United States House of Representatives, one from each of the state's 11 congressional districts. On the same day, elections took place for other federal and state offices, including an election to the United States Senate. Primary elections, in which party nominees were chosen, were held on June 10, 2014.

On June 10, 2014, Republican Eric Cantor became the first sitting House majority leader to lose in a primary election since the position was created in 1899.

As of 2026, this is the last time Republicans won the House popular vote in Virginia, although they would nevertheless continue to hold a majority of seats in the state until 2018.
Herman D. Farrell Jr.
Herman Daniel “Denny” Farrell Jr. (February 4, 1932 – May 26, 2018) was an American politician from New York. He was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly representing the Manhattan neighborhoods of West Harlem, Inwood and Washington Heights from 1975 to 2017.

David Dinkins
David Norman Dinkins (July 10, 1927 – November 23, 2020) was an American politician, lawyer, and author who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1990 to 1993.

Dinkins was among the more than 20,000 Montford Point Marines, the first African-American U.S. Marines, from 1945 to 1946. He graduated cum laude from Howard University and received his law degree from Brooklyn Law School in 1956. A longtime member of Harlem's Carver Democratic Club, Dinkins began his electoral career by serving in the New York State Assembly in 1966, eventually advancing to Manhattan borough president. He won the 1989 New York City mayoral election, becoming the first African American to hold the office. After losing re-election in 1993, Dinkins joined the faculty of Columbia University while remaining active in municipal politics.
Rampton Secure Hospital
Rampton Secure Hospital is a high-security psychiatric hospital near the village of Woodbeck between Retford and Rampton in Nottinghamshire, England. It is one of three high-security psychiatric hospitals in England, alongside Ashworth Hospital in Merseyside and Broadmoor Hospital in Berkshire. It is managed by Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.

Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, based in Nottinghamshire, England, manages the UK’s largest and most integrated Forensic High Secure facility Rampton Hospital near Retford (which covers specialist services such as the High Secure Personality Disorder (PD) pathway including Dangerous and Severe PD), High Secure Women’s, High Secure Deaf, High Secure Learning Disability and Autistic as well as High Secure Men’s Mental Health), two medium secure units, Arnold Lodge in Leicester and Wathwood Hospital in Rotherham, and a low Secure Unit, the Wells Road Centre at Mapperley in Nottingham.

The Trust provides Forensic services, Offender Health services, Community Mental Health services and community general physical health services across 200 plus sites throughout Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire and Leicestershire.