hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rovasenda
Rovasenda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Vercelli. As of 31 December 2020, it had a population of 9,025 and an area of 29.3 square kilometres (11.3 sq mi).

Rovasenda borders the following municipalities: Arborio, Brusnengo, Buronzo, Gattinara, Ghislarengo, Lenta, Masserano, Roasio, and San Giacomo Vercellese.

Arborio, Piedmont
Arborio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Vercelli.

Arborio borders the municipalities of Ghislarengo, Greggio, Landiona, Recetto, Rovasenda, San Giacomo Vercellese, Sillavengo, Vicolungo, and Villarboit.

Arborio gave its name to arborio rice, a variety often used to make risotto.
Nemgiri
Nemgiri is a place in Jintur taluka of Parbhani district of Maharashtra state of India. Nemgiri is particularly known for its Jain temple which is protected by state government and Archaeological Survey of India.

Parbhani district
Parbhani district (Marathi pronunciation: [pəɾbʰəɳiː] ⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra state of India. Parbhani city is the headquarters of this district. The district is well known for the Marathwada rebellion and religious tourism(Hinduism, Jainism).
Casey DeSantis
Jill Casey DeSantis (née Black; born June 26, 1980) is an American former news journalist who has been the first lady of Florida since 2019, as the wife of Governor Ron DeSantis.

Born and raised in Ohio, DeSantis graduated from the College of Charleston, where she competed on the equestrian team. In 2009, she married Ron DeSantis and became a local news broadcaster in Jacksonville. After her husband's victory in 2018, she ended her media career upon becoming the first lady. In 2025, DeSantis became embroiled in the Hope Florida scandal and was investigated by the Republican-controlled Florida Legislature. Since May 2025, she has been under criminal investigation by the Second Judicial Circuit State Attorney's Office.

First ladies of Florida
The first lady of Florida is the hostess of the Florida Governor's Mansion, usually the spouse of the governor of Florida, concurrent with the governor's term in office. Casey DeSantis is the current first lady of Florida, assuming the position on January 8, 2019, as the wife of 46th and current Florida governor Ron DeSantis, with whom she has three children.
Cap cai
Cap cai, sometimes spelled cap cay, (Chinese: 雜菜; pinyin: zácài; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-chhài; lit. 'mixed vegetables') is the Hokkien-derived term for a popular Chinese Indonesian and Peranakan stir fried vegetable dish that originates from Fujian cuisine.

Peranakan cuisine
Peranakan cuisine or Nyonya cuisine comes from the Peranakans, descendants of early Chinese migrants who settled in Penang, Malacca, Singapore and Indonesia, inter-marrying with local Malays. In Baba Malay, a female Peranakan is known as a nonya (also spelled nyonya), and a male Peranakan is known as a baba. The cuisine combines Chinese, Malay, Javanese, South Indian, and other influences.
Kushma
Kushma is a small city and the headquarter of Parbat District in Nepal. Kushma municipality was formed by merging thirteen village development committees  Pang, Khurkot, Durlung, Shivalaya, Chuwa, Katuwa Chaupari, Pipaltari and Pakuwa on 18 May 2014.

This city lies in the western part of Nepal just about 57 km from  Pokhara and 12 km from Baglung. Kushma falls under Western Development Region and Dhaulagiri Zone of Nepal. It is located at 28°13'06N 83°40'45E at an altitude of 1294  meters. Kusma Bazaar straddling a narrow and high strip of land between the banks of Kaligandaki and Modi is the main market centre of the municipality. A bridge joins Kushma with Gyadichour located on the other side of the deep Modi river canyon.

Khurkot, Parbat
Khurkot  is a market center in Kushma Municipality in Parbat District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of central Nepal. The formerly Village Development committee was annexed to form the municipality since 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 AD Nepal census it had a population of 3809 people living in 738 individual households. In the northern part of this village there is KOTA- Durga temple and just half of a mile distance leading south, There is a large stone bearing the clear signs of hoofs of cow where a temple is built on 2053 BS (1996) named Kamadhenu Mandir. Including these two symbols people called it as Khurkot. Later on, the entire region covering 20 ropani and 200 acres of it came to be known as Khurkot village. It borders with Banau and Kyang in the north, Durlung in the west, Shivalaya in the south and Pang at West.
Liu Tianhua
Liu Tianhua (simplified Chinese: 刘天华; traditional Chinese: 劉天華; pinyin: Liú Tiānhuá; Wade–Giles: Liu T'ien-hua; 1895–1932) was a Chinese musician and composer best known for his innovative work for the erhu.
Liu's students, such as Jiang Fengzhi and Chen Zhenduo, continued to contribute to the development of the erhu.

He was the younger brother of the poet Liu Bannong. He died in 1932 at the age of 37.

Erhu
The erhu (Chinese: 二胡; pinyin: èrhú; [aɻ˥˩xu˧˥]) is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument, more specifically a spike fiddle, that is sometimes known in the Western world as the Chinese violin or a Chinese two-stringed fiddle. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is the most popular of the huqin family of traditional bowed string instruments used by various ethnic groups of China. As a very versatile instrument, the erhu is used in both traditional and contemporary music arrangements, such as pop, rock and jazz.
2008 American League Division Series
The 2008 American League Division Series (ALDS), the first round of the 2008 American League playoffs in Major League Baseball’s (MLB) 2008 postseason, consisted of two best-of-five series to determine the two participants in the 2008 American League Championship Series. They were:

(1) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (Western Division champions, 100–62) vs. (4) Boston Red Sox (Wild Card qualifier, 95–67): Red Sox win series, 3–1.

(2) Tampa Bay Rays (Eastern Division champions, 97–65) vs. (3) Chicago White Sox (Central Division champions, 89–74): Rays win series, 3–1.

Since the Twins and the White Sox completed the regular season with identical records (88–74), the two teams played against each other in a one-game playoff. The White Sox defeated the Twins, 1–0, and thus became the AL Central champions.

The Rays defeated the Red Sox in the ALCS, and went on to lose the 2008 World Series to the National League champion Philadelphia Phillies.

1986 American League Championship Series
The 1986 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven semifinal series in Major League Baseball's 1986 postseason between the Boston Red Sox and the California Angels for the right to advance to the 1986 World Series to face the winner of the 1986 National League Championship Series. The Red Sox came in with a 95–66 record and the AL East division title, while the Angels went 92–70 during the regular season to win the AL West.
Australian air traffic control
Air traffic control in Australia is provided by two independent organisations, one civilian and one military. The civilian provider is Airservices Australia, which controls civilian airfields and airspace. The military provider is the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), which controls military airfields and adjoining airspace. This includes Australian Army and Royal Australian Navy aviation bases.

Some airfields in Australia are categorised as Joint User airfields, where there are both civilian and military operations based at the airfield. Joint User airfields have air traffic control provided by the RAAF.  Currently these are located at Darwin, Townsville and Williamtown (Newcastle).

Air traffic controllers manage the safe and orderly flow of aircraft into, out of, and between airports throughout Australia and with overseas regions adjoining Australian airspace. Australian civilian air traffic controllers are employed under an Air Traffic Control Enterprise Agreement.

Airservices Australia
Airservices Australia is an Australian Government–owned corporation, responsible for providing services to the aviation industry within the Australian Flight Information Region (FIR). Some of Airservices Australia’s responsibilities include air traffic control, airway navigation, communication facilities, publishing aeronautical data, airport rescue, and fire-fighting services. Airservices Australia has international partnerships with ICAO, CANSO and IATA.
Office of Coast Survey
The Office of Coast Survey is the official chartmaker of the United States. It is an element of the National Ocean Service in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which is part of the United States Department of Commerce.

National Ocean Service
The National Ocean Service (NOS) is an office within the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It is responsible for preserving and enhancing the nation's coastal resources and ecosystems along approximately 95,000 miles (153,000 km) of shoreline, that is bordering 3,500,000 square miles (9,100,000 km2) of coastal, Great Lakes, and ocean waters. Its mission is to "provide science-based solutions through collaborative partnerships to address the evolving economic, environmental, and social pressures on our oceans and coasts." Its projects focus on working to ensure the safe and efficient marine transportation, promoting the protection of coastal communities, conserving marine and coastal places. NOS employs 1,700 scientists, natural resource managers, and specialists in many different fields. The National Ocean Service was previously also known as the National Ocean Survey until it was renamed in 1983.
Temple of Kom Ombo
The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple in the town of Kom Ombo in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. It was constructed during the Ptolemaic dynasty, 180–47 BC. Some additions to it were later made during the Roman period.

Kom Ombo
Kom Ombo (Egyptian Arabic: كوم أمبو; Coptic: ⲙ̄ⲃⲱ əmbō or ⲛ̄ⲃⲱ ənbō; Ancient Greek: Ὄμβοι Omboi  or Ὄμβος Ombos; or Latin: Ambo and Ombi) is an agricultural town in Egypt famous for the Temple of Kom Ombo. It was originally an Egyptian city called Nubt, meaning City of Gold (not to be confused with the city north of Naqada that was also called Nubt/Ombos). Nubt is also known as Nubet or Nubyt (Nbyt). It became a Greek settlement during the Greco-Roman Period. The town's location on the Nile, 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Aswan (Syene), gave it some control over trade routes from Nubia to the Nile Valley, but its main rise to prominence came with the erection of the Temple of Kom Ombo in the 2nd century BC.
Four-ball billiards
Four-ball billiards or four-ball carom (often abbreviated to simply four-ball, and sometimes spelled 4-ball or fourball) is a carom billiards game, played on a pocketless table with four billiard balls, usually two red and two white, one of the latter with a spot to distinguish it (in some sets, one of the white balls is yellow instead of spotted, while in others, one of the red balls is blue instead of spotted). Each player is assigned one of the white (or yellow) balls as a cue ball. A point is scored when a shooter's cue ball caroms on any two other balls in the same shot (with the opponent's cue ball serving as an object ball, along with the reds, for the shooter). Two points are scored when the shooter caroms on each of the three object balls in a single shot.  A carom on only one ball results in no points, and ends the shooter's inning.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
James Fisk (financier)
James Fisk Jr. (April 1, 1835 – January 7, 1872), known variously as "Big Jim", "Diamond Jim", and "Jubilee Jim" – was an American stockbroker and corporate executive who has been referred to as one of the "robber barons" of the Gilded Age. Though Fisk was admired by the working class of New York and the Erie Railroad, he achieved much ill-fame for his role in Black Friday in 1869, where he and his partner Jay Gould befriended the unsuspecting President Ulysses S. Grant in an attempt to use the President's good name in a scheme to corner the gold market in New York City. On January 7, 1872, Fisk was assassinated in New York City by his former mistress's new lover, who was trying to blackmail him.

Jay Gould
Jay Gould (/ɡuːld/; May 27, 1836 – December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who founded the Gould business dynasty. He is generally identified as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. Gould was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial.
Ruth's Refrigerator
Ruth's Refrigerator were a psychedelic rock/indie pop band from Leicester, England, formed in 1990 as a collaboration between guitarist/songwriter Alan Jenkins (of The Deep Freeze Mice and The Chrysanthemums), singer/guitarist Ruth Miller and bassist Terri Lowe (both of Po!), keyboardist (and Jenkins' future wife) Blodwyn P. Teabag, and drummer Robyn Gibson (formerly of The Ammonites). The band released two albums, 1990's Suddenly a Disfigured Head Parachuted and 1991's A Lizard Is a Submarine on Grass, featuring new songs and reworkings of Deep Freeze Mice, Po! and Originals (another of Lowe's former bands) tracks. They split up in 1992, with Miller, Jenkins, Teabag, and Gibson going on to form Jody & The Creams, later minus Miller as The Creams, and Jenkins later forming The Thurston Lava Tube.

The Deep Freeze Mice
The Deep Freeze Mice were an English new wave band active between 1979 and 1989. They were based in Leicester, England, and consisted of the core members Alan Jenkins (guitars and singing), Sherree Lawrence (combo organ and other keyboards) and Mick Bunnage (bass guitar). The band had two different drummers over the years, Graham Summers and Pete Gregory.

The band released ten albums on its own labels, from 1979 to 1983 on Mole Embalming Records and from 1983 to 1989 on Cordelia Records.  Their music was odd, often consisting of absurd and surreal lyrics delivered in Jenkins' deadpan voice, accompanied by bouncy pop/progressive rock music. Favoured lyrical concerns included animal rights, conformity and science fiction.

The Deep Freeze Mice are included in the Nurse with Wound list.
CNOOC Petroleum North America
CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC, formerly known as Nexen, is a Canadian oil and gas company based in Calgary, Alberta.

Originally the Canadian subsidiary of US-based Occidental Petroleum (known as Canadian Occidental Petroleum or CanOxy), it became an independent company, Nexen, in 2000. Nexen was acquired by Hong Kong–based CNOOC Limited in 2013, and was rebranded under the current name at the end of 2018.

It had three growth strategies as of 2013: oil sands and shale gas in western Canada as well as conventional exploration and development primarily in the North Sea, offshore in West Africa, and deepwater exploration in the Gulf of Mexico.

CNOOC Limited
CNOOC Limited (中国海洋石油有限公司) is China's largest producer of offshore crude oil and natural gas, noted as such in 2010. It is a major subsidiary of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and has been listed on the Hong Kong SEHK: 883 since February 2001. It was listed on the New York Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2021. It was on the Toronto Stock Exchange between 2013 (following its acquisition of Nexen Inc) and 2021. It was admitted as a constituent stock of the Hang Seng Index in July 2001.
Edward Shames
Colonel Edward David Shames (June 13, 1922 – December 3, 2021) was a United States Army enlisted man and officer who later served in the U.S. Army Reserve. During World War II, he was assigned to the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Shames was Jewish and reported being deeply affected by his personal viewing of Nazi Germany's concentration camps.

Shames was the last surviving officer and, following the death of Roderick G. Strohl in December 2019, oldest surviving member of the regiment's Easy Company, 2nd Battalion. He was survived only by Private First Class Bradford C. Freeman.

E Company, 506th Infantry Regiment (United States)
E Company, 2nd Battalion of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division, the "Screaming Eagles", is a company in the United States Army. The company was referred to as "Easy" after the radio call for "E" in the phonetic alphabet used during World War II. The experiences of its members during that war are the subject of the 1992 book Band of Brothers by historian Stephen Ambrose and the 2001 HBO miniseries of the same name.
Provincial League
Provincial League (formerly known as Professional League) also known as Pro League was the old regional Football league in Thailand in 1999–2008. It was founded in 1999 under the name "Provincial League" organized by Sports Authority of Thailand (SAT) and Ministry of Tourism and Sports. The name was changed to "Professional League" in 2004 and then changed back to "Provincial League" in 2007.

Before combining with Thailand Division 2 League in 2009, The Pro League was contested by clubs from provinces of Thailand divided into 5 regions. During 1999–2004, Provincial League was competed parallel with Thai Premier League (also see Thai football league system). The winners and runners-up from each regions will play in playoff matches in the tournament at the end of a season. The top two teams are promoted to Thailand Division 2 League.

Thai League 4
Thai League 4 (Thai: ไทยลีก 4), commonly known as the T4, was the fourth level association football league in Thailand. In 2009, it was divided into five groups by geographic region. Each group contained 16 clubs except for the Southern Region group which contained 13 clubs. It was sponsored by AIS and therefore officially known as the AIS Regional League Division 2. In 2016, Khor Royal Cup became a trophy for Regional League Division 2.

In 2017, Football Association of Thailand rebranded the league to Thai League 4.
Sao Shwe Thaik
Sao Shwe Thaik (Shan: ၸဝ်ႈၶမ်းသိူၵ်ႈ, Tsaw³ Kham⁴soek³; Burmese: စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်, Burmese pronunciation: [saʔ ʃwè θaiʔ]; 16 October 1895 – 21 November 1962) was a Burmese politician who served as the first president of the Union of Burma and the last Saopha of Yawnghwe. His full royal title was Kambawsarahta Thiri Pawaramahawuntha Thudamaraza. He was a well-respected Shan political figure in Burma. His residence in Nyaung Shwe (Yawnghwe), the Haw, is now the "Buddha Museum" and is open to the public.

Yawnghwe
Yawnghwe (Shan: ယွင်ႈႁူၺ်ႈ), also known as Nyaungshwe (Burmese: ညောင်ရွှေ), was a Shan state in what is today Myanmar. It was one of the most important of the Southern Shan States. Yawnghwe state included the Inle Lake. The administrative capital was Taunggyi, located in the northern part of the state. The Agent of the British government, the Superintendent of the Southern Shan States, resided at Taunggyi and the king's palace was at Yawnghwe.
Disneyland Monorail
The Disneyland Monorail (originally named the Disneyland Alweg Monorail System) is an attraction and transportation line at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, United States. It was the first daily operating monorail in the country.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
Tsimbla
Tsimbla (Tigrinya: ፅምብላ) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Mi'irabawi Zone, Tsimbla is bordered along the south by the Tekeze River which separates the woreda on the south from Tselemti and to the west by the Asgede, then on the northwest by Tahtay Adyabo, on the north by La'ilay Adiyabo, on the northeast by Tahtay Koraro, and on the east by Medebay Zana. The administrative center of this woreda is in Inda Aba Guna, a separate town; other towns in Tsimbla include Adi Gebru and Debre Abai.

Asgede
Asgede (Tigrinya: ኣስገደ) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Mi'irabawi Zone, Asgede is bordered along the south by the Tekeze River, which separates the woreda on the south from Tselemti, and to the west and northwest by Tahtay Adyabo, on the north by La'ilay Adiyabo, on the northeast by Tahtay Koraro, and on the east by Tsimbla. Although Mayhansse town is the largest town and the relatively center of the woreda, corrupt cadres have deflected the administrative center to Kisad Gaba town so that they can easily work while living in Shire. Other towns include Dedebit, Adi Mehameday, Hibret and Hitsats.
Glossary of invariant theory
This page is a glossary of terms  in invariant theory. 
For descriptions of particular invariant rings, see invariants of a binary form, symmetric polynomials. 
For geometric terms used in invariant theory see the glossary of classical algebraic geometry. 
Definitions of many terms used in invariant theory can be found in (Sylvester 1853), (Cayley 1860), (Burnside & Panton 1881), (Salmon 1885), (Elliott 1895), (Grace & Young 1903), (Glenn 1915),   (Dolgachev 2012), and the index to the fourth volume of Sylvester's collected works includes many of the terms invented by him.

Glossary of classical algebraic geometry
The terminology of algebraic geometry changed drastically during the twentieth century, with the introduction of the general methods, initiated by David Hilbert and the Italian school of algebraic geometry in the beginning of the century, and later formalized by André Weil, Jean-Pierre Serre and Alexander Grothendieck. Much of the classical terminology, mainly based on case study, was simply abandoned, with the result that books and papers written before this time can be hard to read. This article lists some of this classical terminology, and describes some of the changes in conventions.

Dolgachev (2012) translates many of the classical terms in algebraic geometry into scheme-theoretic terminology. Other books defining some of the classical terminology include Baker (1922a, 1922b, 1923, 1925, 1933a, 1933b), Coolidge (1931), Coxeter (1969), Hudson (1990), Salmon (1879), Semple & Roth (1949).