hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Washington Browne
Rev. William Washington Browne (October 20, 1849 – December 21, 1897) was an African American fraternal society leader, temperance worker, and minister. He was the founder and head of the Grand United Order of True Reformers and the Grand Fountain of the United Order of True Reformers, a benevolent, temperance, and fraternal society for African Americans that was based in Richmond, Virginia.

Grand United Order of True Reformers
Grand United Order of True Reformers was an African-American fraternal organization founded in 1873 in Alabama and Kentucky. Originally managed by deputies of the all-white, pro-temperance organization, the Independent Order of Good Templars, the Grand Fountain of the United Order of True Reformers, or the True Reformers, was re-organized  c. 1875 by William Washington Browne in Richmond, Virginia.  This organization existed as a business and a mutual-aid society during the era of Jim Crow segregation laws, and it supported the growing African-American middle class through economic opportunities and education, before its closure in 1934.
Marie Belloc Lowndes
Marie Adelaide Elizabeth Rayner Lowndes (née Belloc; 5 August 1868 – 14 November 1947) was an English novelist, and sister of author Hilaire Belloc. Active from 1898 until her death, she had a reputation for combining exciting incidents with psychological interest in her books. Four of her works were adapted for the screen: The Chink in the Armour (1912; adapted 1922), The Lodger (1913; adapted several times), Letty Lynton (1931; adapted 1932), and The Story of Ivy (1927; adapted 1947).  The Lodger was also adapted as a 1940 radio drama and a 1960 opera.

The Lodger (opera)
The Lodger is an opera in two acts composed by Phyllis Tate. The libretto is by David Franklin, after the 1913 novel of the same name by Marie Belloc Lowndes. The opera was commissioned by the Royal Academy of Music, with a grant from the William Manson Fund, and the premiere took place there on 16 July 1960.
Camilla Cavendish, Baroness Cavendish of Little Venice
Hilary Camilla Cavendish, Baroness Cavendish of Little Venice (born 20 August 1968) is a British journalist, contributing editor and columnist at The Financial Times, senior fellow at Harvard University and former director of policy for Prime Minister David Cameron. Cavendish became a Conservative Member of the House of Lords in Cameron's resignation honours, but resigned the party whip in December 2016 to sit as a non-affiliated peer.

2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours
The 2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours are honours awarded following the July 2016 resignation of Prime Minister David Cameron. The life peerages and other honours were issued as two separate lists by the Cabinet Office on 4 August 2016 and all honours were gazetted as one list on 16 August 2016. This was the first Prime Minister's Resignation Honours since 1997.

On 22 July 2016, it was alleged that officials in the Cabinet Office and the House of Lords Appointments Commission had blocked the list, citing ethical concerns about some of the intended recipients of honours, particularly those destined for the peerage. Many of the names of those honoured were leaked and published in the press on 31 July.  On 1 August, Downing Street spokesperson said that the incoming prime minister, Theresa May, would not intervene in Cameron's resignation honours.
Johan Frederik Classen
Johan Frederik Classen, frequently also J. F. Classen, (11 February 1725 – 24 March 1792) was a Danish-Norwegian industrialist, major general, landowner and founder of Det Classenske Fideicommis. He served as chancellery adviser to King Frederik V. Classen built the manor house Arresødal in 1773, he renovated the Neoclassical manor house Corselitze in 1777, and built the General's Summerhouse by the Corselitze Forest.

Det Classenske Fideicommis
Det Classenske Fideicommis (literally "The Classen Fideicommiss") is a Danish charitable foundation. By testament in 1789 and his codicil of March 23, 1792, the industrialist Major General Johan Frederik Classen left behind his wealth and possessions as a fund, among other things, to "alleviate poverty and misery". It grants about 2 million kroner ($340,000) annually.
Alpes-Maritimes's 5th constituency
The 5th constituency of Alpes-Maritimes is a French legislative constituency that elects one deputy to the National Assembly.It was represented in the XVth legislature by Marine Brenier of the Republicans (LR). It takes in almost the entirety of the Nicois backcountry, and down to the sea to the west of the city of Nice, thus giving it the nickname 'Nice-Mountains'.

Marine Brenier
Marine Brenier-Ohanessian (born 11 August 1986) is a French politician who served as a member of the French National Assembly from 2016 to 2022, representing the 5th constituency of the department of Alpes-Maritimes. She is a member of two political center-right parties, Horizons and La France Audacieuse.
The Artful Dodger (2023 TV series)
The Artful Dodger is an Australian historical heist drama television series created by James McNamara, David Maher, and David Taylor, and produced by Curio Pictures, Beach Road Pictures and Sony Pictures Television for Disney+. It acts as a sequel to the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist (1838), and stars Thomas Brodie-Sangster as the eponymous Artful Dodger, David Thewlis as Norbert Fagin, and Maia Mitchell as Lady Belle Fox. The first series premiered on 29 November 2023 and in November 2024, it was renewed for a second series, which premiered on 10 February 2026.

Artful Dodger
Jack Dawkins, better known as the Artful Dodger, is a character in Charles Dickens's 1838 novel Oliver Twist. The Dodger is a pickpocket and his nickname refers to his skill and cunning in that occupation. In the novel, he is the leader of the gang of child criminals on the streets of London trained and overseen by the elderly Fagin. The term has become an idiom describing a person who engages in skillful deception.
RAF Coningsby
Royal Air Force Coningsby or RAF Coningsby (IATA: QCY, ICAO: EGXC), is a Royal Air Force station located 13.7 kilometres (8.5 mi) south-west of Horncastle, and 15.8 kilometres (9.8 mi) north-west of Boston, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.  It is a Main Operating Base of the RAF and home to three front-line Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 units, No. 3 Squadron, No. 11 Squadron and No. 12 Squadron. In support of front-line units, No. 29 Squadron is the Typhoon Operational Conversion Unit and No. 41 Squadron is the Typhoon Test and Evaluation Squadron. Coningsby is also the home of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (BBMF) which operates a variety of historic RAF aircraft.

Eurofighter Typhoon variants
The Eurofighter Typhoon is in service with nine nations: United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, and Austria, with orders for all nine customers still pending as of September 2017. The aircraft has, as of 2016, been provided in a basic air-defense form and has been upgraded to newer production standards which include internal IRST, air-to-ground precision strike capability (with Royal Air Force Typhoons participating in air strikes destroying tanks in Libya in 2011 as their combat debut), and HMSS (helmet-mounted symbology system) helmets. Most of the major systems including the CAPTOR radar and the Defence Aids Sub-System (DASS) are expected to be improved and updated over time, with the radar being updated to an AESA, being the CAPTOR-E/CAESAR, of which the Kuwait Air Force will be the inaugural operator, with first deliveries of their 28 new-built aircraft to commence in 2019.
Necochea Partido
Necochea is a coastal partido and city area in the southeast of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The seat of the municipality is the port of Necochea.

The partido has a population of around 104,977 people, in an area of 4,455 km2 (1,720 sq mi). In the census of 2001 Neochea Partido had a population density of exactly 20.00 inhabitants per square kilometre (51.8/sq mi).

Necochea
Necochea is a port and beach city in the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The city is located on the Atlantic Coast, along the mouth of the Quequén Grande River, 528 km (328 mi) from Buenos Aires and 120 km (75 mi) southwest of Mar del Plata. The city proper has 90,000 inhabitants per the 2010 census [INDEC] and is the seat of government for Necochea Partido.

The neighboring Port of Quequén, located on the eastern bank of the Quequén Grande River, is one of the most important ports in Argentina, and the gateway for the agricultural production of the southeast of the Province of Buenos Aires.
Audi A7 sportback h-tron
The Audi A7 h-tron quattro is a concept hydrogen/electric plug-in hybrid automobile, released by Audi AG in the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show. The A7 h-tron quattro keeps the same recognizable features of the other A7 variants, but typically has "A7 h-tron" decals.

The vehicle uses a series of hydrogen tanks connected to a fuel cell, that converts hydrogen into electricity which powers an electric drivetrain. The A7 h-tron quattro is not a production vehicle but is a working prototype.

Audi A7
The Audi A7 is an executive five-door liftback produced by Audi since 2010. The coupé variant of the Audi A6 saloon/estate, the Audi A7 features a sloping roofline with a steeply raked rear window and integrated boot lid (forming the Sportback), and four frameless doors. A sport version called the S7 has been made since 2012, and a high-performance model called the RS 7 has been in production since 2013. An extended-wheelbase three-box, four-door saloon derivative called the A7L has been produced in China since 2021.
George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (French: [amɑ̃tin lysil oʁɔʁ dypɛ̃]; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (French: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) sɑ̃d]), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. Being more renowned than either Victor Hugo or Honoré de Balzac in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era. She has more than 50 volumes of various works to her credit, including tales, plays and political texts, alongside her 70 novels.

Like her great-grandmother, Louise Dupin, whom she admired, George Sand advocated for women's rights and passion, criticized the institution of marriage, and fought against the prejudices of a conservative society. She was considered scandalous because of her turbulent love life, her adoption of masculine clothing, and her masculine pseudonym.

Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert (UK: /ˈfloʊbɛər/ FLOH-bair, US: /floʊˈbɛər/ floh-BAIR; French: [ɡystav flobɛʁ]; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. He has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country and abroad. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flaubert, realism strives for formal perfection, so the presentation of reality tends to be neutral, emphasizing the values and importance of style as an objective method of presenting reality". He is known especially for his debut novel Madame Bovary (1857), his Correspondence, and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert.
Junko Kazukawa
Junko Kazukawa (数川 純子 Kazukawa Junko, born 1963) is a Japanese-born ultrarunner who currently lives in Denver, Colorado, U.S. A two-time breast-cancer survivor, Kazukawa competes in marathon, ultramarathon and cycling events. She was the first person to complete the Leadville series and the Ultrarunning Grand Slam in a single year.

Leadville Trail 100
The Leadville Trail 100 Run (aka The Race Across The Sky or the LT100) is an ultramarathon held annually in mid August on rugged trails and dirt roads near Leadville, Colorado, through the heart of the Rocky Mountains. First run in 1983, the race course climbs and descends 15,744 feet (4,799 m). In most years, fewer than half the starters complete the race within the 30-hour time limit.
Hacıosman, Manyas
Hacıosman (Ubykh: Lek'uaşüa [lɜkʷʼɐ́ɕʷɜ]; Adyghe: Хунджахъабл, romanized: Hundjahabl) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Manyas, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 81 (2022).

Until 1992, it was one of the few villages in the world where the inhabitants spoke the Ubykh language in their daily lives. The last speaker of Ubykh, Tevfik Esenç, was born, and died, in this village.

Other villages where Ubykh was spoken included Kırkpınar and Hacıyakup.

Ubykh language
Ubykh is an extinct Northwest Caucasian language once spoken by the Ubykh people, an ethnic group of Circassian nation who originally inhabited the eastern coast of the Black Sea before being deported en masse to the Ottoman Empire during the Circassian genocide.

Ubykh is ergative and polysynthetic, with a high degree of agglutination, with polypersonal verbal agreement and a very large number of distinct consonants but only two phonemically distinct vowels. With around eighty consonants, it has one of the largest inventories of consonants in the world, and the largest number for any language without clicks.

The name Ubykh is derived from Убых (/wɨbɨx/), from Убыхыбзэ, its name in the Adyghe language. It is known in linguistic literature by many names: variants of Ubykh, such as Ubikh, Oubykh (French); and its Germanised variant Päkhy (from Ubykh /tʷɜχɨ/).
Ernest Simpson
Ernest Aldrich Simpson (6 May 1897 – 30 November 1958) was an American-born British shipbroker and former captain in the Coldstream Guards. He was the second husband of Wallis Simpson, who later married the former King Edward VIII following his abdication. After his military service, Simpson joined the family shipbroking firm, Simpson Spence & Young (SSY)

Shipbroking
Shipbroking is a financial service, which forms part of the global shipping industry. Shipbrokers are specialist intermediaries/negotiators (i.e. brokers) between shipowners and charterers who use ships to transport cargo, or between buyers and sellers of vessels.
Julian Cash
Julian Cash (born 29 August 1996) is a British tennis player who specialises in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 2 achieved on 18 August 2025. Cash won the 2025 Wimbledon title with Lloyd Glasspool becoming the first all-British team to win the title in 89 years. He has won an additional nine ATP Tour doubles titles.

He has also won 17 ATP Challenger doubles titles, 11 with Henry Patten. Ten of the titles came in 2022, a record for most Challenger doubles titles in a single season. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 786 achieved on 1 August 2022.

2025 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Julian Cash and Lloyd Glasspool defeated Rinky Hijikata and David Pel in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–3) to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 2025 Wimbledon Championships. It was the first major title for both players. Cash and Glasspool became the first all-British pairing to win the men's doubles title at Wimbledon in the Open Era, and first overall since Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey in 1936. They saved three match points en route to the title, against defending champions Harri Heliövaara and Henry Patten in the quarterfinals. Hijikata and Pel were the first pair of alternates to reach a major final in the Open Era.

Marcelo Arévalo and Mate Pavić retained the ATP No. 1 doubles ranking by reaching the quarterfinals. Kevin Krawietz and the pair of Heliövaara and Patten were also in contention for the top ranking at the beginning of the tournament.
Phil Mauger
Philip Simon Mauger (born c. 1958) is a politician and former businessman who has served as the Mayor of Christchurch since 2022.

Before entering politics, Mauger owned and operated an earthmoving and construction company. In 2019 he was elected to the Christchurch City Council as councillor for the Burwood ward. At the following local-body elections in 2022 he was elected mayor of Christchurch; he was reelected in 2025 with a majority of the popular vote.

2022 Christchurch mayoral election
The 2022 Christchurch mayoral election was a local election held from 16 September to 8 October in Christchurch, New Zealand, as part of that year's city council election and nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Christchurch for the 2022–2025 term of the Christchurch City Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system was used.

Incumbent third-term mayor Lianne Dalziel did not run for re-election. Centre-right independent Phil Mauger narrowly defeated centre-left independent David Meates.
Carian language
The Carian language is an extinct language of the Luwic subgroup of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken by the Carians. The known corpus is small, and the majority comes from Egypt. Approximately 170 Carian inscriptions from Egypt are known, while only about 30 are known from Caria itself.

Caria is a region of western Anatolia between the ancient regions of Lycia and Lydia, a name possibly first mentioned in Hittite sources. Carian is closely related to Lycian and Milyan (Lycian B), and both are closely related to, though not direct descendants of, Luwian. Whether the correspondences between Luwian, Carian, and Lycian are due to direct descent (i.e. a language family as represented by a tree-model), or are due to the effects of a sprachbund, is disputed.

Milyan language
Milyan, also known as Lycian B and previously Lycian 2, is an extinct ancient Anatolian language. It is attested from three inscriptions: two poems of 34 and 71 engraved lines, respectively, on the so-called Xanthian stele (or Xanthian Obelisk, found at Xanthos (which was known to the Lycians as Arñna), and another, shorter, inscription (nine lines) on a sarcophagus at Antiphellus (Habessus). All three poems are divided in strophes.
1993 Sukhumi airliner attacks
From 20 to 23 September 1993, during the Sukhumi massacre, separatists in Sukhumi, Abkhazia blocked Georgian troops' overland supply routes as part of the war in Abkhazia. In response, the Georgian government used Sukhumi Babushara Airport to ferry supplies to troops stationed in Sukhumi. Abkhaz forces attacked the airport in an attempt to further block the supply routes.

During the siege of the airport, five civilian airliners belonging to Transair Georgia and Orbi Georgian Airways were hit by missiles allegedly fired by separatists in Sukhumi. Over 130 people died in the attacks.

Sukhum International Airport
Vladislav Ardzinba Sukhum International Airport (IATA: SUI, ICAO: URAS), formerly known as Sukhumi Babushara and  Sukhumi Dranda (IATA: SUI, ICAO: UGSS) is the main airport of Abkhazia. It is located in the village of Babushara next to the larger village of Dranda and some 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Sukhumi, the capital of the unrecognised republic of Abkhazia.

On 1 May 2025, Sukhum airport resumed operations and direct flights with Moscow for the first time since the 1990s and the war in Abkhazia.
New York State Register
The New York State Register is the official journal of the New York state government that contains information on proposed regulations and rulemaking activities. The New York State Register is published weekly by the New York State Department of State's Division of Administrative Rules. The general and permanent regulations are compiled in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR).

The City Record is the official journal of New York City, and the Federal Register is the official journal of the United States government. A separate procurement opportunities newsletter, The New York State Contract Reporter, contains notices of procurement contract opportunities and is published by the state Department of Economic Development (which is operationally integrated into the state Urban Development Corporation).

New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
The New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR) contains New York state rules and regulations. The NYCRR is officially compiled by the New York State Department of State's Division of Administrative Rules. It is the state equivalent to the federal Code of Federal Regulations and the city New York City Rules.
The Grump
The Grump (Finnish: Mielensäpahoittaja) is a 2014 Finnish comedy film directed by Dome Karukoski, in which the main character is The Grump, a cranky old man, created by the Finnish author Tuomas Kyrö.

The Grump was selected to compete for the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It is based on a 2014 novel by Kyrö, the third volume by the author, in which this character appears.

The film stars Antti Litja as Mielensäpahoittaja a.k.a. the Grump, Petra Frey, Mari Perankoski, and Iikka Forss.

The Grump (fictional character)
The Grump (Finnish: Mielensäpahoittaja 'a person who always gets upset') is a fictional character created by the Finnish author Tuomas Kyrö for a causerie series. Four films have been made about the character.
Thomas MacDonagh
Thomas Stanislaus MacDonagh (Irish: Tomás Anéislis Mac Donnchadha; 1 February 1878 – 3 May 1916) was an Irish political activist, poet, playwright, educationalist and revolutionary leader. He was one of the seven leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916, a signatory of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic and Commandant of the 2nd Battalion, Dublin Brigade of the Irish Volunteers, which fought in Jacob's biscuit factory. He was executed for his part in the Rising at the age of thirty-eight.

MacDonagh was assistant headmaster at St. Enda's School, Scoil Éanna, and lecturer in English at University College Dublin. He was a member of the Gaelic League, where he befriended Patrick Pearse and Eoin MacNeill. He was a founding member of the Irish Volunteers with MacNeill and Pearse. He wrote poetry and plays. His play, When the Dawn is Come, was produced by the Abbey Theatre in 1908. Other plays include Metempsychosis, 1912 and Pagans, 1915, both produced by the Irish Theatre Company.

Proclamation of the Irish Republic
The Proclamation of the Republic (Irish: Forógra na Poblachta), also known as the 1916 Proclamation or the Easter Proclamation, was a document issued by the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army during the Easter Rising in Ireland, which began on 24 April 1916. In it, the Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, writing as the "Provisional Government of the Irish Republic," proclaimed Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom. The reading of the proclamation by Patrick Pearse outside the General Post Office (GPO) on Sackville Street (now called O'Connell Street), Dublin's main thoroughfare, marked the beginning of the Rising. The proclamation was modelled on a similar independence proclamation issued during the 1803 rebellion by Robert Emmet.
John Clark (inventor)
John Clark (21 November 1785 – 23 May 1853) was an English printer and inventor who created the first automated text generator, the Latin Verse Machine (also known as the Eureka) between 1830 and 1843. Clark also patented a method for rubberising cloth that was used for air beds.

The Eureka
The Eureka, also known as the Latin Verse Machine, is a 19th century invention that mechanically generated Latin hexameter. It was built from 1830 to 1845 by a grocer and printing shop worker named John Clark, who then exhibited his invention in the Egyptian Hall in London. For an admission price of one shilling, visitors could watch the "small bureau bookcase" produce a new verse of English hexameter in about a minute. The Eureka played God Save the King while running, and went silent when the verse was complete. Output from the machine included horrida sponsa reis promittunt tempora densa ("horrible brides promise tough times") and sontia tela bonis causabunt agmina crebra ("good weapons will cause frequent raids").