hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aeroexpress
Aeroexpress Ltd. (Russian: ООО "Аэроэкспресс") is the operator of airport rail link services in  Russia. It is founded in 2005 and is owned by Russian Railways (50%), TransGroup AS (25%), Iskander Makhmudov (17.5%), and Andrei Bokarev (7.5%).
Until 2012, the company only provided the rail transportation services between Moscow rail terminals and Moscow airports (Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, and Vnukovo). The company previously also provided the rail link services to Kazan's Kazan International Airport, Sochi's Adler Airport, and Vladivostok's Knevichi Airport.

In 2012, Aeroexpress transported 17.4 million passengers.

Moscow Domodedovo Airport
Moscow Domodedovo Airport (Russian: Московский аэропорт Домодедово, IPA: [dəmɐˈdʲɛdəvə]) (IATA: DME, ICAO: UUDD), formally Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, is an international airport serving Moscow, the capital of Russia. It is located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southeast from the city centre of Moscow. Domodedovo Airport serves regular flights across Russia and Belarus, as well as to various destinations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. As of 2024 it is the 4th busiest airport in Russia and Post-Soviet states (after Sheremetyevo, Pulkovo and Vnukovo) as well as 44th busiest airport in Europe.

In 2019, following a naming contest and a presidential decree, the airport was renamed after Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.
Jamalpur, Bihar
Jamalpur is a city in the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated 9 km from the Munger city centre. Jamalpur is a part of Munger-Jamalpur twin cities. It is main railhead for reaching Munger city.

Jamalpur is best known for the Jamalpur Locomotive Workshop, which employs more than 25,000 people at its training institution, The Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. Annual turnover is Rs. 10.56 billion with 111,485 employees. This is Asia's largest and oldest locomotive railway workshop. The city was established in 1862 during the British Raj, with the Railways Institute forming its cultural hub.

Jamalpur Locomotive Workshop
Jamalpur Locomotive Workshop is a railway workshop established on February 8, 1862, as the first fully-fledged railway workshop facility in India. It was started by the East Indian Railway Company (EIR) as a result of the so-called "Railway Age" in India, which began in 1854.

A locomotive, carriage, and wagon workshop had been set up in Howrah to put imported rolling stock into service for the EIR and also to carry out repairs. This workshop was unsuccessful, partly because of problems procuring supplies and sourcing enough skilled labor. Within eight years of its establishment in Howrah, the workshop was closed, and the Jamalpur Workshop was established at Jamalpur.
1977 Beagle Channel arbitration
On 22 July 1971 Salvador Allende and Alejandro Lanusse, the Presidents of Chile and Argentina, signed an arbitration agreement (the Arbitration Agreement of 1971).  This agreement related to their dispute over the territorial and maritime boundaries between them, and in particular the title to the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands near the extreme end of the American continent, which was submitted to binding arbitration under the auspices of the United Kingdom government.

On 2 May 1977 the court ruled that the islands belonged to Chile (see the Report and decision of the Court of Arbitration).
On 25 January 1978 Argentina repudiated the arbitration decision and on 22 December 1978 started (and a few hours later aborted) military action to invade both those islands and continental Chile.

Operation Soberanía
Operación Soberanía (Operation Sovereignty) was a planned Argentine military invasion of territory disputed with Chile, and ultimately possibly of Chile itself, due to the Beagle conflict. The invasion was initiated on 22 December 1978 but was halted after a few hours and Argentine forces retreated from the conflict zone without a fight. Whether the Argentine infantry actually crossed the border into Chile has not been established. Argentine sources insist that they crossed the border.

In 1971, Chile and Argentina had agreed to binding arbitration by an international tribunal, under the auspices of the British Government, to settle the boundary dispute.  On 22 May 1977 the British Government announced the decision, which awarded the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands to Chile.

On 25 January 1978 Argentina rejected the decision and attempted to militarily coerce Chile into negotiating a division of the islands that would produce a boundary consistent with Argentine claims.
Lehman College
Lehman College (/ˈliːmən/ LEE-mən) is a public college in New York City, United States. Founded in 1931 as the Bronx campus of Hunter College, it became an independent college in 1967. The college is named after Herbert H. Lehman, a former New York governor, United States senator, and philanthropist. It is a senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY) and offers more than 90 undergraduate and graduate degree programs and specializations.

Herbert H. Lehman
Herbert Henry Lehman (/ˈliːmən/ LEE-mən; March 28, 1878 – December 5, 1963) was an American financier and Democratic politician who served as the 45th and first Jewish governor of New York from 1933 to 1942 and represented New York in the United States Senate from 1949 until 1957.
St. Francis College
St. Francis College (St. Francis of Brooklyn or SFC) is a private Franciscan college in Downtown Brooklyn, New York City. It was founded in 1859 by the Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn as the St. Francis Academy and was the first private school in the Diocese of Brooklyn. St. Francis College began as a parochial all-boys academy in the City of Brooklyn and has become a small liberal arts college that has 19 academic departments offering 72 majors and minors.

St. Francis College is a predominantly undergraduate institution with some graduate programs; it is considered a commuter college. As of 2021, there were 2,372 undergraduates and 117 graduate students.

Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn
The Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn, formally known as the Congregation of the Religious Brothers of the Third Order Regular of St. Francis, were founded in Brooklyn, New York, in 1858. They have been actively involved in the education of boys and young men, primarily on Long Island, New York, serving the Diocese of Brooklyn (and later also the Diocese of Rockville Centre) since their founding. The Brothers of the congregation use the postnominal initials of O.S.F. Numbering 80 members as of 2008, they are the largest congregation of Religious Brothers founded in America. Formerly a diocesan congregation, in 1989, they became an Institute of Pontifical Right.
Barnett Rubin
Barnett Richard Rubin (born January 10, 1950) is an American political scientist and a leading expert on Afghanistan and South Asia. He is the author of eight books and is currently senior fellow and director at the Center on International Cooperation at New York University, a leading foreign policy center. He was previously senior advisor to the US special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan. He has advised the United Nations, NATO, the United States, and the Afghan government on numerous policy matters, including aid policy, security policy, and diplomatic strategy.

Center on International Cooperation
The Center on International Cooperation (CIC) is a non-profit research center and think tank based at New York University. For over two decades, CIC has been a leader in applied policy that links politics, security, justice, development, and humanitarian crises, It was founded in 1996 by Dr. Shepard Forman.
Caiolo
Caiolo (Lombard: Cajoeul) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Milan and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) southwest of Sondrio. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 994 and an area of 33.3 square kilometres (12.9 sq mi).

Caiolo borders the following municipalities: Albosaggia, Carona, Castione Andevenno, Cedrasco, Foppolo, Piateda, Postalesio, Sondrio.

The church of San Vittore has Renaissance frescoes by Vincenzo De Barberis.

Sondrio
Sondrio (Italian: [ˈsondrjo] ⓘ; Lombard: Sùndri; Romansh: Sunder; archaic German: Sünders or Sonders; Latin: Sundrium) is an Italian city, comune and administrative centre for the province of Sondrio, located in the heart of the Valtellina. As of 2015, Sondrio counted approximately 21,876 inhabitants. In 2007, Sondrio was named the Alpine Town of the Year.
Mikko Riipinen
Mikko Kari Johannes Riipinen (born 18 August 1987) is a Swedish–Finnish basketball coach and a former player. He is currently working as the head coach of German Bundesliga team Riesen Ludwigsburg and the Sweden national team.

Sweden men's national basketball team
The Sweden men's national basketball team (Swedish: Sveriges herrlandslag i basket) represents Sweden in international basketball competition. The national team is controlled by the Swedish Basketball Federation.

Sweden has competed at the EuroBasket 11 times throughout their history. On the global level, the Scandinavian squad has qualified for the Olympic Games once, in 1980. However, Sweden still seeks qualification for their first appearance to the FIBA World Cup.
Kathleen Rockwell
Kathleen Eloise Rockwell (October 4, 1873/1876/1880 (year of birth disputed) – February 21, 1957), known as "Klondike Kate"  and later known as Kate Rockwell Warner Matson Van Duren, was an American  dancer and vaudeville star during the Klondike Gold Rush, where she met Alexander Pantages who later became a very successful vaudeville/motion picture mogul. She garnered notoriety for her flirtatious dancing and ability to keep hard-working miners happy if not inebriated. Before her death she appeared on the television show You Bet Your Life with Groucho Marx December 23, 1954, at the age of 74. She died in obscurity after some minor success training Hollywood starlets in the 1940s.

Alexander Pantages
Alexander Pantages (Greek: Περικλῆς Ἀλέξανδρος Πανταζῆς, Periklis Alexandros Pandazis; 1867 – February 17, 1936) was a Greek American vaudeville impresario and early motion picture producer. He created a large and powerful circuit of theatres across the Western United States and Canada.

At the height of his empire, Pantages owned or operated 84 theatres across the United States and Canada. In 1929, he was accused of raping a 17-year-old dancer named Eunice Alice Pringle. He was found guilty but acquitted on appeal. The negative publicity led to the selling of his operations and he permanently ceased being a force in exhibition or vaudeville. He is largely forgotten today in historical accounts of the early development of motion pictures. He died in February 1936.
Dylan Andrews
Dylan Andrews (born 15 November 1979) is a mixed martial artist from New Zealand who most recently competed in the Welterweight division of Absolute Championship Berkut. A professional competitor since 2006, he has formerly competed in the UFC, and was a semi-finalist on FX's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen.

The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen
The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 17) is the seventeenth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter.

The series was officially announced by the UFC in October 2012 with Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones coaching opposite Chael Sonnen. The two coaches met in a title fight on April 27, 2013 at UFC 159. This move drew criticism from MMA critics and fans, as many felt that Sonnen, who had previously lost his last match and not competed in the UFC Light Heavyweight division in years, had not done enough to earn a title shot.

This season was the first to air on Tuesdays, after The Ultimate Fighter: Live and The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson's failure to generate the desired ratings for FX on Friday evenings.
Telephone hook
A telephone hook or switchhook is an electrical switch which indicates when the phone is hung up, often with a lever or magnetic button inside the cradle or base where a telephone handset resides.  It takes its name from old wooden wall telephones and candlestick telephones, where the mouthpiece was mounted on the telephone box and, due to sidetone considerations, the receiver was separate, on a cable.  When the telephone was not in use, the receiver was hung on a spring-loaded hook; its weight would cause the hook to swing down and open an electrical contact, disconnecting the talking circuit from the line. When the handset is on the cradle, the telephone is said to be "on-hook", or ready for a call. When the handset is off the cradle, the telephone is said to be "off-hook", or unable to receive any (further) calls.

Pushing the switchhook briefly is termed a "hook flash".

On- and off-hook
In telephony, on-hook and off-hook are two states of a communication circuit. On subscriber telephones the states are produced by placing the handset onto or off the hookswitch. Placing the circuit into the off-hook state is also called seizing the line. Off-hook originally referred to the condition that prevailed when telephones had a separate earpiece (receiver), which hung from its switchhook until the user initiated a telephone call by removing it. When off hook the weight of the receiver no longer depresses the spring-loaded switchhook, thereby connecting the instrument to the telephone line.
Loss aversion
In cognitive science and behavioral economics, loss aversion refers to a cognitive bias in which the same situation is perceived as worse if it is framed as a loss, rather than a gain. It should not be confused with risk aversion, which describes the rational behavior of valuing an uncertain outcome at less than its expected value.

When defined in terms of the pseudo-utility function as in cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the left-hand of the function increases much more steeply than gains, thus being more "painful" than the satisfaction from a comparable gain. Empirically, losses tend to be treated as if they were twice as large as an equivalent gain. Loss aversion was first proposed by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman as an important component of prospect theory.

Risk aversion
In economics and finance, risk aversion is the tendency of people to prefer outcomes with low uncertainty to those outcomes with high uncertainty, even if the average outcome of the latter is equal to or higher in monetary value than the more certain outcome.

Risk aversion explains the inclination to agree to a situation with a lower average payoff that is more predictable rather than another situation with a less predictable payoff that is higher on average. For example, a risk-averse investor might choose to put their money into a bank account with a low but guaranteed interest rate, rather than into a stock that may have high expected returns, but also involves a chance of losing value.
Bete Grise
Bete Grise (from the French Bête grise, "gray beast") is the name given to an unincorporated place, a bay on Lake Superior, a county-owned public beach on that bay, a nearby lighthouse, and two neighboring nature preserves in Michigan. Located in Grant Township in Keweenaw County in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, local legend holds that the sand of the beach "sings."

Bete Grise, Michigan
Bete Grise is an unincorporated community in Grant Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan. The community lies on the shore of Lake Superior. The community is located on the north side of Bete Grise Bay. The Mendota Canal cuts the bay in half, which allows travel from Lac La Belle to Lake Superior. There is a white sand beach nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long on either side of the canal. Most of the beach is public land, with the Bete Grise Nature Preserve occupying the land south of the canal.

The Mendota Light is south of the community, which provided navigation aid to the canal.
Five Tiger Generals of TVB
The Five Tiger Generals of TVB (無綫五虎將), more commonly referred to as simply the Five Tigers (五虎), were a group of five of the most popular young leading male actors of 1980s Hong Kong television. The group consisted of Michael Miu ("Big Tiger"), Kent Tong ("Second Tiger"), Felix Wong ("Third Tiger"), Andy Lau ("Fourth Tiger"), and Tony Leung Chiu-wai ("Small Tiger"). The group was formed to collectively promote the popularity of the five members, as well as to promote the company's various drama and entertainment productions. Five Tiger Generals was a name given to them by the media. The term is a popular appellation in Chinese culture, meaning a ruler's five best military generals.

Michael Miu
Michael Miu Kiu-wai (苗僑偉) (born 18 June 1958) is a Hong Kong actor and businessman. His career has been met with popular success in his youth, followed by a resurgence in middle age after a period of hiatus. He is considered one of the most popular Hong Kong actors of the 1980s. Miu is best known for the villainous Yeung Hong in the 1983 television drama The Legend of the Condor Heroes.
Redox Brands
Redox Brands was a marketing company formed in 2000 by Todd Wichmann and Richard Owen, former executives with the multinational consumer products firm Procter & Gamble (P&G). The company's first product was Oxydol brand purchased from P&G. P&G would continue manufacturing Oxydol and provide back office support.  Redox had won out over private label companies in the purchase of Oxydol.  Biz was purchased in an auction from P&G in the Summer of 2000.  Forbes estimated that Oxydol was sold for $7 million and Biz for greater than $40 million.  In one year, Oxydol sales were 800% greater than when acquired.

In March 2001, Allied Capital made its first investment in Redox and made an additional investment in August 2002.   In 2002, Wichmann left Redox for another startup, HealthPro Brands.

Allied Capital acquired ChemPro, Inc. in March 2006.  Allied then merged Redox and ChemPro, Inc., with the resulting company being renamed CR Brands.

CR Brands
CR Brands, Inc. was an American private-label consumer goods company, owned by the Beachwood, Ohio-based Resilience Capital Partners. It was formed in 2006 by Allied Capital through a merger of two of its subsidiaries, Redox Brands and ChemPro, Inc. CR Brands was headquartered in the Cincinnati area (in West Chester, Ohio) and operated manufacturing facilities in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The company sold products under the Arm & Hammer and OxiClean brand names, which were licensed from Church & Dwight.

In March 2023, following the divestiture of its brands, it entered Chapter 7 bankruptcy and ceased operations.
Siege of Theodosia (389 BC)
The siege of Theodosia in 389 BC was the first of three sieges carried out against the city of Theodosia (modern day Feodosia) by the rulers of the Bosporan Kingdom, who attempted time and time again to annex the city to their dominions during the long Bosporan-Heracleote War. The first of these sieges was carried out by Satyros I, the father of Leukon I.

Satyrus I
Satyrus I (Ancient Greek: Σάτυρος, romanized: Satyros, died 389 BC) was the Spartocid ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom from 432 BC to 389 BC. During his rule he built upon the expansive foreign policy of his father, Spartocus I. He conquered Nymphaion, became involved in the political developments of the neighbouring Sindike kingdom and laid siege to the city of Theodosia, which was a serious commercial rival because of its ice-free port and proximity to the grain fields of eastern Crimea.

He presided over a strengthening of ties with Athens, and at one point possibly had a statue raised in his honour in the city. He was also the father of Leucon and Gorgippus, who expanded their realm into a powerful kingdom.
Goshen, Indiana
Goshen (/ˈɡoʊʃən/ GOH-shən) is a city in and the county seat of Elkhart County, Indiana, United States. It is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Elkhart–Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the northern part of Indiana near the Michigan border, in a region known as Michiana. Goshen is located 10 miles southeast of Elkhart, 25 miles southeast of South Bend, 120 miles east of Chicago, and 150 miles north of Indianapolis. The population of Goshen was 34,517 at the 2020 census.

The city is known as a prominent recreational vehicle and accessories manufacturing center, the home of Goshen College, a small Mennonite liberal arts college, and the Elkhart County 4-H Fair, one of the largest county fairs in the United States.

Goshen College
Goshen College is a private Mennonite liberal arts college in Goshen, Indiana. It was founded in 1894 as the Elkhart Institute of Science, Industry and the Arts, and is affiliated with Mennonite Church USA. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and has an enrollment of 824 students. While Goshen maintains a distinctive liberal Mennonite worldview and Mennonites make up 30 percent of the student body, it admits students of all religions.

Goshen College is home to The Mennonite Quarterly Review and the Mennonite Historical Library, a research library compiling one of the world's most comprehensive collection of Anabaptist and Mennonite primary source material.
Reti Bancarie
Reti Bancarie was an intermediate holding company of Banca Popolare di Lodi Group (aka Bipielle; BPL). BPL's subsidiary reverse takeover listed company Banco di Chiavari e della Riviera Ligure in 2003. in 2006 it was absorbed into BPL.

Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca Pisa Livorno
Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca Pisa e Livorno S.p.A. was an Italian saving bank based in Lucca. It was a subsidiary of Banco Popolare and currently a sub-division (under BPL) and brand of the group Banco BPM.
Hilario Ascasubi, Buenos Aires
Hilario Ascasubi  is a town in the southwest corner of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in the partido of Villarino Partido.   It is located on National Route 3.  The town is named after Argentine poet Hilario Ascasubi, and a railroad service opened in the town in 1913.

The town is located approximately 70 km south of Médanos (the capital of Villarino Partido), and 106 km south of Bahía Blanca, the nearest major city.

Villarino Partido
Villarino Partido is a partido in the south of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 26,500 inhabitants in an area of 11,400 km2 (4,402 sq mi), and its capital city is Médanos, which is located 735 km (457 mi) from Buenos Aires and that is known for its onion and premium wine production.
Objects in the Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear (Confrontation Camp album)
Objects in the Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear is the only studio album by American rap rock supergroup Confrontation Camp. It was released on July 25, 2000 via Artemis Records. Production was handled by all the three members Professor Griff, Chuck D and Kyle Jason. The title is derived from the US safety warning for convex side mirrors in vehicles, "Objects in mirror are closer than they appear".

Chuck D
Carlton Douglas Ridenhour (born August 1, 1960), known professionally as Chuck D, is an American rapper, best known as the leader and frontman of the hip-hop group Public Enemy, which he co-founded in 1985 with Flavor Flav. Chuck D is also a member of the rock supergroup Prophets of Rage. He has released several solo albums, most notably Autobiography of Mistachuck (1996).

His work with Public Enemy helped create politically and socially conscious hip-hop music in the mid-1980s. The Source ranked him at No. 12 on its list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Lyricists of All Time. Chuck D has been nominated for six Grammys throughout his career, and has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as a member of Public Enemy. He was also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013 as a member of Public Enemy.