hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas Shearer
Douglas Graham Shearer (November 17, 1899 – January 5, 1971) was a Canadian American pioneering sound designer and recording director who played a key role in the advancement of sound technology for motion pictures. The elder brother of actress Norma Shearer, he won seven Academy Awards for his work. In 2008, he was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.

Norma Shearer
Edith Norma Shearer (August 11, 1902 – June 12, 1983) was a Canadian-American actress who was active on film from 1919 through 1942. Shearer often played spunky, sexually liberated women. She appeared in adaptations of Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, and William Shakespeare, and was the first five-time Academy Award acting nominee, was nominated six times in all, and won one for Best Actress for The Divorcee (1930).

Reviewing Shearer's work, Mick LaSalle called her a feminist pioneer, or "the exemplar of sophisticated modern womanhood and ... the first American film actress to make it chic and acceptable to be single and not a virgin on screen".
Altai people
The Altai people (Altay: Алтай-кижи, romanized: Altay-kiji, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ kʰɪʑí]) of the Altaians (Altay: Алтайлар, romanized: Altaylar, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐɪ̯ɫɐ́r]) are a Turkic ethnic group of Siberia mainly living in the Altai Republic, a federal subject of Russia. Several thousand of the Altaians also live in Mongolia (Altai Mountains) and China (Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang) but are not officially recognized as a distinct group and listed under the name "Oirats" as a part of the Mongols, as well as in Kazakhstan where they number around 200. For alternative ethnonyms see also Tele, Black Tatar, and Oirats. During the Northern Yuan dynasty, they were ruled in the administrative area known as Telengid Province.

Indigenous peoples of Siberia
Siberia is a vast region spanning the northern part of the Asian continent and forming the Asiatic portion of Russia. As a result of the Russian conquest of Siberia (16th to 19th centuries) and of the subsequent population movements during the Soviet era (1917–1991), the modern-day demographics of Siberia is dominated by ethnic Russians (Siberiaks) and other Slavs. However, there remains a slowly increasing number of Indigenous groups, accounting for about 5% of the total Siberian population (about 1.6–1.8 million), some of which are closely genetically related to Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Adrijana Hodžić
Adrijana Hodžić (Albanian: Adrijana Hoxhiq, Cyrillic: Адријана Хоџић; born 1975) is a Kosovar politician of Bosniak ethnicity who is currently serving as the Deputy Mayor of North Mitrovica since 10 December 2020. Prior to this she served as the Minister of Administration and Local Government of Kosovo from 12 April 2019 to 3 February 2020.

Bosniaks in Kosovo
Bosniaks in Kosovo are a South Slavic ethnic group living in Kosovo. They comprise the second largest minority group in Kosovo, after the Serbs. The vast majority of Bosniaks are adherents of Sunni Islam.
Superlog HDL
Superlog HDL is a hardware description language (HDL) developed by Co-Design Automation, Inc. in the late 1990s. It was designed as an extension to Verilog with additional features for modeling complex hardware systems and supporting advanced formal verification functionality. Superlog played a significant role in the eventual development of SystemVerilog, which was standardized by Accellera and later adopted by the IEEE.

SystemVerilog
SystemVerilog, standardized as IEEE 1800 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), is a hardware description and hardware verification language commonly used to model, design, simulate, test and implement electronic systems in the semiconductor and electronic design industry. SystemVerilog is an extension of Verilog.
Women's European Volleyball Championship
The Women's European Volleyball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Turkey, which won its first title at the 2023 tournament.

2023 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2023 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 33rd edition of the Women's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. For the third consecutive time, it was held in four countries: Belgium, Estonia, Germany and Italy. The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2025 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship as the CEV representative, except Serbia who had already qualified as the defending world champions.
Basking Ridge white oak
The Basking Ridge white oak (also known as the Holy Oak) was a white oak tree that stood in the churchyard of the Presbyterian Church in Basking Ridge, New Jersey. The tree was over 600 years old and died in 2016, before being cut down in 2017. It stood at 97 feet (30 meters) tall, and may have been the oldest white oak in the world.

Presbyterian Church in Basking Ridge
The Presbyterian Church in Basking Ridge is a historic church at 1 E. Oak Street in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. The church congregation was founded in 1717. The present church, which was constructed in 1839 in a Greek Revival style, is listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Until 2017, the churchyard held the Old Oak Tree of Basking Ridge, which was estimated to be 600 years old.
Grosse Pointe Blank
Grosse Pointe Blank is a 1997 American dark comedy film directed by George Armitage and written by Tom Jankiewicz, D. V. DeVincentis, Steve Pink, and John Cusack. Based on a story written by Jankiewicz, it follows a professional assassin who leaves Los Angeles to attend a high school reunion in his hometown of Grosse Pointe, Michigan, where he reconnects with the girlfriend he abandoned on prom night. The film stars Cusack, Minnie Driver, and Dan Aykroyd.

The score was composed by Joe Strummer, formerly of the Clash, and the soundtrack features punk rock, ska, and new wave songs by artists including The Clash, the Specials, and Echo & the Bunnymen. The soundtrack album peaked at number 31 on the Billboard 200 and later prompted a second volume. The film itself received positive reviews from critics and grossed $31 million on a $15 million budget.

Grosse Pointe, Michigan
Grosse Pointe is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 5,678.

Grosse Pointe is an eastern suburb of Metro Detroit along Lake St. Clair.  It is located along East Jefferson Avenue and shares a small northwestern border with the city of Detroit.  It is one of five cities within the Grosse Pointe area.  Grosse Pointe was originally incorporated as a village in 1880 and then as a city in 1934.
Matt Tifft
Matthew Kenneth Tifft (born June 26, 1996) is an American professional stock car racing driver and former team owner. He currently competes part-time in the Super Late Models, driving the No. 36 Chevrolet SS for Dan Fredricksonn Racing. In 2020, with his racing career in question due to a past brain tumor and a diagnosis of epilepsy, he became part owner of Live Fast Motorsports with B. J. McLeod & Joe Falk, becoming the youngest team owner in NASCAR Cup Series history. Tifft also was named to the 2022 Forbes 30 under 30 Class. Medical issues sidelined Tifft as a driver from the end of 2019 until the end of 2023 season.

Joe Falk
Joseph A. Falk (born January 30, 1951) is an American auto dealer and NASCAR Cup Series team owner, as well as a former stock car racing driver. He is the owner of Little Joe's Autos, an automobile dealership in the Virginia Tidewater.
Erlenbach (Speyerbach)
The Erlenbach (German: [ˈɛʁlənbax] ⓘ) is a river in the Palatinate Forest, in the (Palatinate region of Rhineland-Palatinate.  It is the strongest headwater of the Speyerbach, which is the largest river in the Anterior Palatinate.

The Erlenbach rises at a height of about 460 m on the eastern slope of the Eschkopf (609 m), hence on the eastern side of the Palatinate watershed.

If flows generally to the north and after only 5 km flows into the Speyerbach shortly after the latter's nominal spring at Speyerbrunn.  Hydrologically speaking, the origin of the Erlenbach is the real origin of the Speyerbach.

The distance from the Erlenbach's spring to the Speyerbach's confluence with the Rhine is 60 km.  The drainage basin of the Erlenbach/Speyerbach system measures 596 km².

Speyerbach
The Speyerbach (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpaɪɐbax]) is a left tributary of the Rhine in the Palatinate part of Rhineland-Palatinate.  In Speyer, the river split into Gießhübelbach and Woogbach.  The Woogbach changes its name to Nonnenbach, then flows into Gießhübelbach shortly before the latter flows into the Rhine.
Expo Line (SkyTrain)
The Expo Line is the oldest line of the SkyTrain rapid transit system in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned and operated by BC Rapid Transit Company, a subsidiary of TransLink, and links the cities of Vancouver, Burnaby, New Westminster and Surrey.

The line was originally known only as "the SkyTrain" from its inception in 1985 until 2002, as it was the system's only line during this time. In 2002, after the opening of the system's second line, the Millennium Line, the original line was given the name "Expo Line". The new name was in recognition of Expo 86, the world's fair that Vancouver hosted in 1986, as the transit system had been built in large part as a showcase and an attraction for that fair.

Millennium Line
The Millennium Line is the second line of the SkyTrain rapid transit system in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned and operated by BC Rapid Transit Company, a subsidiary of TransLink, and links the cities of Vancouver, Burnaby, Coquitlam and Port Moody. The line was opened in 2002 and was named in recognition of the new millennium.
Halloween Is Grinch Night
Halloween Is Grinch Night (titled It's Grinch Night for the 1992 videocassette release and Grinch Night for the sing-a-long videocassette release) is a 1977 children's animated Halloween television special and is a prequel to the 1966 television special How the Grinch Stole Christmas! It premiered on ABC on October 28, 1977. Boris Karloff, the original voice actor for The Grinch, had died and was replaced by Hans Conried, with Thurl Ravenscroft singing as he did in the original special. The songs and score were written by Sesame Street composer Joe Raposo.

The special won the 1978 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program.

How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (also known as Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!) is a 1966 American animated television special, directed and co-produced by Chuck Jones. Based on the 1957 children's book of the same name by Dr. Seuss, the special features the voice of Boris Karloff (who also narrated the special) as the Grinch. It tells the story of the Grinch, who tries to ruin Christmas for the townsfolk of Whoville below his mountain hideaway.

How the Grinch Stole Christmas! was produced by The Cat in the Hat Productions in association with the television and animation divisions of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. It completed production in a year and originally aired in the United States on CBS on December 18, 1966. The special is considered a perennial holiday special.
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court interpreting the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Court held that the government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless that speech is "directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action".: 702  Specifically, the Court struck down Ohio's criminal syndicalism statute, because that statute broadly prohibited the mere advocacy of violence. In the process, Whitney v. California (1927) was explicitly overruled, and Schenck v. United States (1919), Abrams v. United States (1919), Gitlow v. New York (1925), and Dennis v. United States (1951) were overturned.

Whitney v. California
Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927), was a United States Supreme Court decision upholding the conviction of an individual who had engaged in speech that raised a clear and present danger to society. While the majority of the Supreme Court justices voted to uphold the conviction, the ruling has become an important free speech precedent due to a concurring opinion by Justice Louis Brandeis recommending new perspectives on criticism of the government by citizens. The ruling was explicitly overruled by Brandenburg v. Ohio in 1969.
Iterative aspect
In linguistics, the iterative aspect (abbreviated ITER), also called "semelfactive", "event-internal pluractionality", or "multiplicative", is a grammatical aspect described by some authors as expressing the repetition of an event observable on one single occasion, as in 'he knocked on the door', 'he coughed', 'she is drumming', etc. It is not to be confused with frequentative aspect and habitual aspect, both of which signal repetition over more than one occasion.

Other authors have reserved the term "semelfactive" for this mono-occasional repetition, and defined iterative aspect as denoting 'several' repetitions over more than one occasion, as opposed to the 'frequent' repetitions conveyed by frequentative aspect.

Frequentative
In grammar, a frequentative form (abbreviated FREQ or FR) of a word indicates repeated action but is not to be confused with iterative aspect. The frequentative form can be considered a separate but not completely independent word called a frequentative. The frequentative is no longer productive in English, unlike in some language groups, such as Finno-Ugric, Balto-Slavic, and Turkic.
Jenna Morasca
Jenna Morasca (born February 15, 1981) is an American actress, former swimsuit model, professional wrestler and American reality TV contestant who was the million-dollar grand prize winner of Survivor: The Amazon in 2003. In 2009, she worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.

In 2011, Morasca and her then-boyfriend, fellow Survivor winner Ethan Zohn, participated in the 19th season of The Amazing Race. They were one of the two teams eliminated in a double-elimination, finishing tenth for the season.

Ethan Zohn
Ethan Zohn (born November 12, 1973) is an American motivational speaker, former professional soccer player, and reality television series contestant who won Survivor: Africa, the third season of the reality TV series Survivor. He went on to compete in Survivor: All-Stars and Survivor: Winners at War, placing 11th and 18th, respectively.

After winning Survivor: Africa, Zohn co-founded Grassroot Soccer, an adolescent health organization that uses soccer to engage young people around navigating their most pressing health challenges, including HIV/AIDS and mental health. In 2010, he ranked 14th in USL Second Division's Top 15 of the Decade list as one of the most influential players of the United Soccer League Second Division in the previous decade.
David Skosana
David Mandla Skosana is a South African politician who has been a Member of Parliamernt (MP) for the UMkhonto weSizwe Party since June 2024. Skosana is married to former Public Protector and former Economic Freedom Fighters MP, Busisiwe Mkhwebane.

Busisiwe Mkhwebane
Busisiwe Mkhwebane is a South African advocate and prosecutor who served as the 4th Public Protector of South Africa from October 2016 until her impeachment in September 2023. Following her impeachment, she served as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa from October 2023 to October 2024, representing the EFF. She is the first head of a Chapter 9 institution to be removed through impeachment.
Ōyama, Ōita
Ōyama (大山町, Ōyama-machi) was a town located in Hita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

On March 22, 2005, Ōyama, along with the town of Amagase, and the villages of Kamitsue, Maetsue and Nakatsue (all from Hita District), was merged into the expanded city of Hita.

Hita, Ōita
Hita (日田市, Hita-shi) is a city located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 61,148 in 27,556 households, and a  population density of 96 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 666.03 km2 (257.16 sq mi).
Stone Bridge, Vushtrri
The Stone Bridge (Albanian: Ura e Vjetër e Gurit - Ura me Nëntë Harqe) or Vojinović Bridge (Serbian: Vojinovića most, Serbian Cyrillic: Војиновића мост) is a medieval bridge located in Vushtrri (Serbian: Vučitrn), Kosovo. It dates from the end of the 14th or early 15th century, and according to legend, was built by two brothers from the Vojinović noble family. The brothers are mentioned in Serbian epic poetry as nephews of Tsar Dušan, who ruled as King of Serbia from 1331–1346 and as Serbian Emperor from 1346–1355. It was built over the Sitnica river, which lay on the trade route between Dubrovnik and Skopje and neighbouring parts of the Balkan peninsula.

Despite the need, no conservation works have been undertaken on the bridge. In 1990, it was declared as a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance by the Republic of Serbia.

Vojinović noble family
The Vojinović family (Serbian Cyrillic: Војиновић, pl. Vojinovići / Војиновићи) is a medieval Serbian noble family that played an important role in the Serbian Empire during the 14th century. Following the death of Emperor Dušan (King 1331–1346, emperor 1346–1355), in the period of the Fall of the Serbian Empire, its representatives, Grand Duke Vojislav Vojinović (c. 1355–1363) and later his cousin Nikola Altomanović Vojinović (1366–1373), were among the strongest regional lords in medieval Serbia.
Cascades Rapids
The Cascades Rapids (sometimes called Cascade Falls or Cascades of the Columbia) were an area of rapids along North America's Columbia River, between the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. Through a stretch approximately 150 yards (140 m) wide, the river dropped about 40 feet (12 m) in 2 miles (3.2 km).
These rapids or cascades, along with the many cascades along the Columbia River Gorge in this area of Oregon and Washington, gave rise to the name for the surrounding mountains: the Cascade Range.

In 1896 the Cascade Locks and Canal were constructed to bypass the rapids. In the late 1930s, the construction of the Bonneville Dam led to the submerging of the rapids and most of the 1896 structures.

Cascade Locks and Canal
The Cascade Locks and Canal was a navigation project on the Columbia River between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington, completed in 1896. It allowed the steamboats of the Columbia River to bypass the Cascades Rapids, and thereby opened a passage from the lower parts of the river as far as The Dalles. The locks were submerged and rendered obsolete in 1938, when the Bonneville Dam was constructed, along with a new set of locks, a short way downstream.
Great Western Cattle Trail
The Great Western Cattle Trail is the name used today for a cattle trail established during the late 19th century for moving beef stock and horses to markets in eastern and northern states. It ran west of and roughly parallel to the better known Chisholm Trail into Kansas, reaching an additional major railhead there for shipping beef to Chicago, or longhorns and horses continuing on further north by trail to stock open-range ranches in the Dakotas, Wyoming, Montana in the United States, and Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada.

Although rail lines were built in Texas, high freight prices for stock continued to make it more profitable to drive cattle north to the major east-west lines in Kansas.

Cattle drives in the United States
Cattle drives were a major economic activity in the 19th and early 20th century American West, particularly between 1850s and 1910s. In this period, 27 million cattle were driven from Texas to railheads in Kansas, for shipment to stockyards in St. Louis and points east, and direct to Chicago. The long distances covered, the need for periodic rests by riders and animals, and the establishment of railheads led to the development of "cow towns" across the frontier.

According to the Kraisingers, "...four Texas-based cattle trails - the Shawnee Trail System, the Goodnight Trail System, the Eastern/Chisholm Trail System, and The Western Trail System - were used to drive cattle north during the forty-year period between 1846 and 1886."

Due to the extensive treatment of cattle drives in fiction and film, the horse has become the worldwide iconic image of the American West, where cattle drives still occur.
Bryant & May
Bryant & May was a British match manufacturer, which today exists only as a brand name owned by Swedish Match. The company was formed in the mid-19th century as a dry goods trader, with its first match works, the Bryant & May Factory, located in Bow, London. It later opened other factories in the United Kingdom, Australia, and other parts of the world.

The firm was formed in 1843 by Quakers William Bryant and Francis May and survived as an independent concern for over seventy years before undergoing a series of mergers with other matchmakers and later consumer products companies.

Bryant & May was involved in three of the most divisive industrial episodes of the nineteenth century: the sweating of domestic out-workers, the wage "fines" that led to the London matchgirls strike of 1888 and the scandal of "phossy jaw".

Swedish Match owns the registered Bryant & May trade name, alongside those of many formerly independent companies once within the Bryant & May group.

Matchgirls' strike
In July 1888 the women and teenage girls working at the Bryant & May match factory in Bow, London, England went on strike. At first, the strikers were protesting the dismissal of a worker after employees had refused a demand from  Bryant & May management to repudiate an article on terrible working conditions at the factory. When management promised to rehire the fired worker, the strikers continued the industrial action to bargain for a cessation of unfair deductions from pay and for other improvements to working conditions. With the help of social activist Annie Besant, they succeeded.

Following the strike's success, the Union of Women Matchmakers (later the Matchmakers' Union) was formed later in 1888. From its creation, it was the largest union of women and girls in the country, and inspired a wave of collective organising among industrial workers.
Rodenbachfonds
The Rodenbachfonds, named after Albrecht Rodenbach, is a Flemish non-profit and cultural foundation or "cultuurfonds" related to the Flemish movement. It is one of a family of five cultural foundations in Flanders, together with the Davidsfonds, Vermeylenfonds, Willemsfonds, and Masereelfonds.

The Rodenbachfonds was founded in 1984. It strives for social cohesion and solidarity in society, taking Dutch language and Flemish culture as a starting point. It accentuates an open perception and experience of Flemish identity. With its activities, the Rodenbachfonds wants to strengthen the role of the neighborhood or village as a prime location to facilitate community participation, cooperation between generations and cultural exchange. The Chairperson of the organization is, since 2011, Patrik Vankrunkelsven.

Willemsfonds
The Willemsfonds, named after Jan Frans Willems, is a non-profit cultural organisation founded in the 19th century to promote Flemish culture and language in Belgium. In order to achieve this goal, the organisation encouraged Flemish folk song, organised linguistic games and published inexpensive Flemish books. In addition, the organisation established general libraries.

Nowadays, the Willemsfonds is still a volunteer organisation and a meeting place for cultural activities. It seeks to promote a dialogue between people in order to allow them to form their own opinion. The Willemsfonds is of liberal inspiration, which distinguishes it from the socialist Vermeylenfonds and the Catholic Davidsfonds.