hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TORRO scale
The TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale) is a scale measuring tornado intensity between T0 and T11. It was proposed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO), a meteorological organisation in the United Kingdom, as an extension of the Beaufort scale.

Beaufort scale
The Beaufort scale (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. It was devised in 1805 by Francis Beaufort, a hydrographer in the British Royal Navy. It was officially adopted by the Royal Navy and later spread internationally.
El Diario de Ferrol
Diario de Ferrol is a Galician daily newspaper founded in Ferrol, Spain, in 1998 by Editorial La Capital (company of El Ideal Gallego, DXT Campeón, Diario de Arousa and Diario de Bergantiños). It is the distributed mostly in metropolitan area of Ferrolterra having an important section dedicated to local news. Additionally covers regional and national news thanks to the collaboration it was with the newspaper La Razón. It's the 13th most distributed newspaper in Galicia with an audience in 2017 of 18K readers.

Until the early 1980s, Ferrol had a popular newspaper with a very similar name El Ferrol Diario which became extinct during the critical years of the decade which saw the advent of democracy and the recession in the shipbuilding industry.

The building which hosts the headquarters of Diario de Ferrol also hosts a museum devoted to the history of the newspaper manufacturing in general, though it focuses in Ferrol and its newspapers since the early years of the 19th century.

El Ferrol Diario
Ferrol Diario was a Galician newspaper founded in Ferrol, Spain, sometime in the late 1950s and very early 1960s. It did not survive the turbulent and difficult years of the early 1980s, which were marked with a huge recession in the shipbuilding sector affecting Ferrol considerably.
Beauce (electoral district)
Beauce (French pronunciation: [bos] ⓘ) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada. In had a population of 111,035 people as of the 2021 census. During the 2025 federal election, it had a voter roll of 88,888 eligible voters.

Beauce is one of only four electoral districts that has been continually represented in the House of Commons of Canada since Confederation in 1867 with the same electoral district name, the other three being :

Shefford in the Eastern Townships, Quebec

Simcoe North in central Ontario

Halifax in Nova Scotia, a duo-member district in all elections up to 1965

Shefford (federal electoral district)
Shefford is a federal electoral district in southern Quebec, Canada. It is one of only three electoral districts that has been continually represented in the House of Commons of Canada since confederation in 1867, the other two being Beauce central Quebec and Halifax in Nova Scotia.
Lake Elsinore, California
Lake Elsinore is a city in western Riverside County, California, United States. Established as a city in 1888, it is on the shore of Lake Elsinore, a natural freshwater lake about 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) in size. The city has grown from a small resort town in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to a suburban city with a population of 70,265 as of the 2020 census.

Lake Elsinore
Lake Elsinore is a natural freshwater lake in Riverside County, California, United States, located east of the Santa Ana Mountains and fed by the San Jacinto River. Originally named Laguna Grande by Spanish explorers, it was renamed for the town of Elsinore, established on its northeastern shore on April 9, 1888.

Lake water levels have fluctuated greatly from dry spells to flooding. Lake Elsinore was home to the Lake Shore Beach Club, an African American resort.
Cliff House (Manitou Springs, Colorado)
Cliff House in Manitou Springs, Colorado is a Queen Anne style hotel in the Manitou Springs Historic District. It is a National Register of Historic Places listing. The Cliff House at Pikes Peak is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Historic Hotels of America
Historic Hotels of America is a program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation that was founded in 1989 with 32 charter members; the program identifies hotels in the United States that have maintained authenticity, sense of place, and architectural integrity from their respective time periods.

As of 2025, the program includes 288 hotels in 44 of the 50 states, as well as Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington, D.C..
MessagePad
The MessagePad is a series of personal digital assistant devices developed by Apple Computer for the Newton platform, first released in 1993.  Some electronic engineering and the manufacture of Apple's MessagePad devices was undertaken in Japan by Sharp. The devices are based on the ARM 610 RISC processor, run Newton OS, and all feature handwriting recognition software. Alongside the MessagePad series, Apple also developed and released the eMate 300 Newton device.

EMate 300
The eMate 300 is a personal digital assistant designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer to the education market as a low-cost laptop running the Newton operating system. It was the only Apple Newton Device with a built-in keyboard. The eMate was introduced on March 7, 1997 for US$799 and was discontinued along with the Apple Newton product line and its operating system on February 27, 1998.
Larceny Act 1827
The Larceny Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 29) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated enactments related to larceny in England and Wales.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes. The enactments replaced by the act were repealed by the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 27).

Similar provisions were made for Ireland by the Larceny (Ireland) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 55).

Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827
The Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 27) or the Criminal Statutes (England) Repeal Act 1827 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed for England and Wales enactments relating to the English criminal law from 1225 to 1826.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes.

Similar provision was made for Ireland by the Criminal Statutes (Ireland) Repeal Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 53) and for India by the Criminal Law (India) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 74).
Diocese of Yokohama (Catholic)
The Diocese of Yokohama (Latin: Dioecesis Yokohamaensis, Japanese: カトリック横浜教区) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church.  Its cathedral is located in the city of Yokohama.  It is a suffragan diocese of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tokyo in Japan and therefore in Tokyo's ecclesiastical province.

Archdiocese of Tokyo
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tokyo (Latin: Archidioecesis Tokiensis, Japanese: カトリック東京大司教区) is a Latin Church metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Japan. It was erected as the Apostolic Vicariate of Japan on May 1, 1846, by Pope Gregory XVI, and its name was later changed by Pope Pius IX to the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Japan on May 22, 1876.

It was elevated to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tokyo by Pope Leo XIII on June 15, 1891, with the suffragan sees of Niigata, Saitama, Sapporo, Sendai, and Yokohama.

Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi, S.V.D., previously serving as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Niigata, was appointed Archbishop of the Tokyo Archdiocese on October 25, 2017.
Maria Petrova (figure skater)
Maria Igorevna Petrova (Russian: Мария Игоревна Петрова; born 29 November 1977) is a Russian pair skater. With partner Alexei Tikhonov, she is the 2000 World champion and a two-time (1999, 2000) European champion

Alexei Tikhonov
Alexei Vladimirovich Tikhonov (Russian: Алексей Владимирович Тихонов; born 1 November 1971) is a Russian pair skater. With partner Maria Petrova, he is the 2000 World champion and a two-time (1999, 2000) European champion.
Augustine Washington
Augustine Washington Sr. (1694 – April 12, 1743) was an American planter and merchant. Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, he was the father of 10 children, among them the first president of the United States, George Washington; soldier and politician Lawrence Washington; politician Augustine Washington Jr.; and politician Charles Washington. Born into the planter class of the British colony of Virginia, Washington owned several slave plantations, from which he derived the primary source of his wealth. He also speculated in land development and owned an iron mine. Although Washington never sat in the House of Burgesses, as did his own father and son, he served in various government positions in the counties where he owned land.

Charles Washington
Charles Washington (May 2, 1738 – September 16, 1799) was an American planter and politician who founded a town in the Shenandoah Valley that was named Charles Town in his honor shortly after his death and that of his eldest brother, George Washington.
Braathens Regional Airways
Braathens Regional Airways AB is a Swedish airline that operates ACMI (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance) services for its sister company, Braathens Regional Airlines. It flies to various domestic destinations within Sweden and also provides ad hoc charter services. The airline is headquartered at Stockholm Bromma Airport and was previously known as Golden Air and Braathens Regional.

Braathens Regional Airlines
BRA Sverige AB, trading as Braathens Regional Airlines, often shortended to BRA (Swedish for "Good"), is a Swedish virtual airline headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, which operates wet lease flights, primarily for Scandinavian Airlines. Between 2016 and 2024, BRA operated its own route network with its main operational base at Stockholm Bromma Airport.

Established in 2016, the airline was created to unify the brands of Malmö Aviation and Sverigeflyg under a single identity for the Swedish domestic market. BRA does not hold an Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) or operate its own aircraft; instead, it charters aircraft and crews from its sister companies, Braathens Regional Airways and Braathens International Airways.

In September 2024, Braathens Regional Airlines announced that it would discontinue its regular flight services and cease operations at Bromma Airport, and move to operating wet lease flights for Scandinavian Airlines from Stockholm Arlanda Airport.
Torstein Lofthus
Torstein Lofthus (born 10 March 1977) is a Norwegian drummer and composer associated with bands like elephant9, Red Kite, Mathias Eick Band, and the trio Eberson/Zanussi/Lofthus. He was previously a member of the band Shining. Lofthus is a popular studio musician, and is often seen behind the drums in TV shows' house bands, e.g. for "Hver gang vi møtes".

Jon Eberson
Jon Arild Eberson (born 6 January 1953) is a Norwegian jazz guitarist and composer, the son of jazz guitarist Leif Eberson (1925–1970), and the father of keyboardist Marte Maaland Eberson. He was a member of the bands Moose Loose (1973–77), Radka Toneff Quintet (1975–80), and Blow Out (1977–78).
Gbadebo Rhodes-Vivour
Chief Gbadebo Patrick Rhodes-Vivour, also known as G.R.V. (born 8 March 1983), is a Nigerian architect, entrepreneur and politician. He was the gubernatorial candidate of the Labour Party for Lagos State in the 2023 gubernatorial election where he finished runner-up, losing to incumbent governor, Babajide Sanwo-Olu. He was the senatorial candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party for the Lagos West senatorial district in the 2019 Senate elections.

Rhodes-Vivour was installed as the Obalefun of Lagos, a Yoruba chief, in April 2025.

Babajide Sanwo-Olu
Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu CON  (born 25 June 1965) is a Nigerian politician who has served as the governor of Lagos State since 2019.

Sanwo-Olu became governor under the platform of the All Progressives Congress after winning the APC gubernatorial primaries against then-incumbent governor, Akinwunmi Ambode who had fallen out of favour with his alleged political sponsor. He is a graduate of the University of Lagos, London Business School, Lagos Business School and the John F. Kennedy School of Government.

Before his gubernatorial ambition, he was the managing director and CEO of Lagos State Property Development Corporation (LSPDC).
Ex injuria jus non oritur
Ex injuria jus non oritur (Latin for "law (or right) does not arise from injustice") is a principle of international law. The phrase implies that "illegal acts do not create law". This principle was used to create the Stimson Doctrine. The rival principle is ex factis jus oritur, in which the existence of facts creates law.

Ex factis jus oritur
Ex factis jus oritur (Latin: the law arises from the facts) is a principle of international law. The phrase is based on the simple notion that certain legal consequences attach to particular facts. Its rival principle is ex injuria jus non oritur in which unjust acts cannot create law.
David Lewis (adventurer)
David Henry Lewis DCNZM (1917 – 23 October 2002) was a sailor, adventurer, doctor, and scholar of Polynesian culture. He is best known for his studies on the traditional systems of navigation used by the Pacific Islanders.  His studies, published in the book We, the Navigators,  made these navigational methods known to a wide audience and helped to inspire a revival of traditional voyaging methods in the South Pacific.

We, the Navigators
We, the Navigators, The Ancient Art of Landfinding in the Pacific is a 1972 book by the British-born New Zealand doctor David Lewis, which explains the principles of Micronesian and Polynesian navigation through his experience of placing his boat under control of several traditional navigators on long ocean voyages. The title plays on We the Tikopia, a classic study by New Zealand anthropologist Raymond Firth of a tiny South Pacific island of that name, whose Polyesian inhabitants are gifted navigators.
Alyattes
Alyattes (Lydian language: 𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤𐤯𐤤𐤮 Walweteś; Ancient Greek: Ἀλυάττης Aluáttēs; reigned c. 618 – c. 561 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes I, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes, grandson of Ardys, and great-grandson of Gyges. He died after a reign of 57 years and was succeeded by his son Croesus.

Alyattes was the first monarch who issued coins, made from electrum (and his successor Croesus was the first to issue gold coins). Alyattes is therefore sometimes mentioned as the originator of coinage, or of currency.

Gyges of Lydia
Gyges (reigned c. 717–679 BC) was the founder of the Mermnad dynasty of Lydian kings and the first known king of the Lydian kingdom to have attempted to transform it into a powerful empire. Gyges reigned 38 years according to Herodotus.
Gradski stadion (Bijelo Polje)
Gradski stadion is a football stadium in Bijelo Polje, Montenegro. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FK Jedinstvo, FK Tekstilac and OFK Borac. The stadium holds 4,000 people.

OFK Borac Bijelo Polje
OFK Borac (Montenegrin: Omladinski fudbalski klub Borac) is a Montenegrin football club based in Bijelo Polje. Founded in 2015, they are one of the youngest football clubs in the country and currently are members of the Montenegrin Third League.
The Learning Company
The Learning Company (TLC) was an American educational software company founded in 1980 in Palo Alto, California and headquartered in Fremont, California. The company produced a grade-based line of learning software, edutainment games, and productivity tools. Its titles included the flagship series Reader Rabbit, for preschoolers through second graders, and The ClueFinders, for more advanced students. The company was also known for publishing licensed educational titles featuring characters such as Arthur, The Powerpuff Girls, SpongeBob SquarePants and Sesame Street.

In December 1995, the company was acquired by SoftKey in a hostile takeover bid, at which point SoftKey assumed the Learning Company name and brand.

The ClueFinders
The ClueFinders is an educational software series aimed at children aged 8–12 that features a group of mystery-solving teenagers. The series was created by The Learning Company (formerly SoftKey), as a counterpart to their Reader Rabbit series for elementary-aged students. The series has earned several industry awards.
Redpath Hall
Redpath Hall is a historic building at 3461 McTavish Street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on the main campus of McGill University. It was originally the reading room of the Redpath Library, which opened in 1893 as McGill's first dedicated library building. During the first half of the 20th century, the library was extended several times to the south, and the expanded building became known as the Redpath Library Building. Subsequently, the adjacent McLennan Library Building was built between 1967 and 1969. Today, the Redpath-McLennan library complex houses the Humanities and Social Sciences Library, the largest branch of the McGill University Library.

Redpath Hall is now used as a venue for concerts and other events, and it is operated by the Schulich School of Music. The French Classical pipe organ was built by Hellmuth Wolff and donated in 1981. Redpath Hall is also home to a large portion of the university's portrait collection, which is managed by the McGill Visual Arts Collection.

McLennan Library Building
The McLennan Library Building is a major library building of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 3459 rue McTavish (McTavish Street), at the northeast corner of rue Sherbrooke (Sherbrooke Street) and McTavish. The building, along with the adjacent Redpath Library Building, currently houses the Humanities and Social Sciences Library, the largest branch of the McGill University Library.
Combined Cipher Machine
The Combined Cipher Machine (CCM) (or Combined Cypher Machine) was a common cipher machine system for securing Allied communications during World War II and, for a few years after, by NATO. The British Typex machine and the US ECM Mark II were both modified so that they were interoperable.

SIGABA
In the history of cryptography, the ECM Mark II was a cipher machine used by the United States for message encryption from World War II until the 1950s. The machine was also known as the SIGABA or Converter M-134 by the Army, or CSP-888/889 by the Navy, and a modified Navy version was termed the CSP-2900.

Like many machines of the era it used an electromechanical system of rotors to encipher messages, but with a number of security improvements over previous designs. No successful cryptanalysis of the machine during its service lifetime is publicly known.
Lingmoor Fell
Lingmoor Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, situated eight kilometres (five miles) west of Ambleside. The fell reaches a height of 469 m (1,540 ft) and divides the valleys of Great Langdale and Little Langdale. The fell's name originates from the Old Norse word lyng meaning “heather covered”. The actual summit of the fell is named as Brown How on Ordnance Survey maps.

Little Langdale
Little Langdale is a valley in the Lake District, England, containing Little Langdale Tarn and a hamlet also called Little Langdale. A second tarn, Blea Tarn, is in a hanging valley between Little Langdale and the larger Great Langdale to the north. Little Langdale is flanked on the south and southwest by Wetherlam and Swirl How, and to the north and northwest by Lingmoor Fell and Pike of Blisco. The valley descends to join with Great Langdale above Elter Water.
Chris Cron
Christopher John Cron Sr. (born March 31, 1964) is an American former professional baseball player, manager, and current coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the California Angels and Chicago White Sox, and has managed in Minor League Baseball (MiLB). As of 2021, he is the assistant hitting coach for the Athletics.

He is the father of C.J. Cron and Kevin Cron who are also professional baseball players.

C. J. Cron
Christopher John Cron Jr. (/kroʊn/ KROHN; born January 5, 1990) is an American professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels, Tampa Bay Rays, Minnesota Twins, Detroit Tigers and Colorado Rockies. He bats and throws right-handed.
Patriotic Union (Colombia)
The Patriotic Union (Spanish: Unión Patriótica, UP) was a leftist, Colombian political party, founded by the FARC and the Colombian Communist Party in 1985, as part of the peace negotiations that the guerrillas held with the Conservative Belisario Betancur administration.

The party was subject to political violence from drug lords, paramilitaries and security forces agents during the mid-1980s, leading to its eventual decline, virtual disappearance, and extermination. The Colombian justice system counts 5,733 murdered militants of the Patriotic Union. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights counts more than 8,000 activists murdered and many more disappeared, tortured or displaced.

In September 2002, new electoral laws stripped the UP of formal and legal representative status as a political party, but the Council of State of Colombia gave this status back in July 2013, facilitating its members to again run for office.

Colombian Communist Party
The Colombian Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Colombiano, PCC) was a legal communist party in Colombia. It was founded in 1930 as the Communist Party of Colombia, at which point it was the Colombian section of the Comintern. The party was led by Jaime Caycedo and published a weekly newspaper named Voz.

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) was founded as the armed wing of the PCC in 1964, but the two organisations separated in 1993.

The party merged with several others to create the Historic Pact in 2025.
Mizar system
The Mizar system consists of a formal language for writing mathematical definitions and proofs, a proof assistant, which is able to mechanically check proofs written in this language, and a library of formalized mathematics, which can be used in the proof of new theorems. The system is maintained and developed by the Mizar Project, formerly under the direction of its founder Andrzej Trybulec.

In 2009 the Mizar Mathematical Library was the largest coherent body of strictly formalized mathematics in existence.

Proof assistant
In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human–machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor, or other interface, with which a human can guide the search for proofs, the details of which are stored in, and some steps provided by, a computer.

A recent effort within this field is making these tools use artificial intelligence to automate the formalization of ordinary mathematics.
Bats language
Bats (Batsbur Mott, or Batsba Moṭṭ, ბაცბა მოტტ, [batsʰba motʼː]), also known as Batsbi, Batsi, Batsb, Batsaw, or Tsova-Tush) is the endangered language of the Bats people, a North Caucasian minority group living in the Republic of Georgia. Batsbi is part of the Nakh branch of Northeast Caucasian languages. It had 2,500 to 3,000 speakers in 1975, with only one dialect. Batsbi is only used for spoken communication, as Bats people tend to use Georgian when writing.

Nakh languages
The Nakh languages are a group of languages within the Northeast Caucasian family, spoken chiefly by the Chechens and Ingush in the North Caucasus.

Bats is the endangered language of the Bats people, an ethnic minority in Georgia.
The Chechen, Ingush and Bats peoples are also grouped under the ethno-linguistic umbrella of Nakh peoples.