hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Fort Erie (1866)
During the 1866 Fenian raids into the Province of Canada, the Battle of Fort Erie was a surrounding and forcing of the Fenian invaders' surrender following a skirmish near Fort Erie and the farther-away Battle of Ridgeway on June 2. The Fenian force, withdrawing from Ridgeway, met a small force of Canadian militia at Fort Erie, then known as the village of Waterloo.

Battle of Ridgeway
The Battle of Ridgeway (sometimes the Battle of Lime Ridge or Limestone Ridge) was fought in the vicinity of the town of Fort Erie across the Niagara River from Buffalo, New York, near the village of Ridgeway, Canada West, currently Ontario, Canada, on June 2, 1866, between Canadian troops and an irregular army of Irish-American invaders, the Fenians. It was the largest engagement of the Fenian Raids, the first modern industrial-era battle to be fought by Canadians and the first to be fought only by Canadian troops and led exclusively by Canadian officers. The battlefield was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1921 and is the last battle fought within the current boundaries of Ontario against a foreign invasion.
Mother of All Rallies
The Mother of All Rallies (M.O.A.R.) was a rally held on September 16, 2017, at the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States, in support of President Donald Trump. The event was held on the same day as other demonstrations throughout the city, including the Juggalo March. Speakers included Marco Gutierrez and the leaders of Gays for Trump and Patriot Prayer, among others. Members of the 3 Percenters, American Guard, Oath Keepers, and Proud Boys were present, as were Antifa and Black Lives Matter activists. Crowd estimates ranged from several hundred to around 1,000 attendees, far less than organizers' original goal of 1 million participants and claims that thousands would attend. No Republican elected officials attended the rally.

Juggalo March
The Juggalo March, or Juggalo March on Washington, was a rally held on September 16, 2017, in Washington, D.C., United States. The event, organized by fans of hip hop group Insane Clown Posse that are known as juggalos and juggalettes, took place on the same day as several other demonstrations around the city, including one in support of President Donald Trump called the Mother of All Rallies. The march was organized to protest the FBI's classification of Juggalos as a gang.

Approximately 1,500 demonstrators gathered near the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool. The rally officially started at noon.
Huddersfield Giants
The Huddersfield Giants are an English professional rugby league club from Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. Huddersfield play their home games at the Accu Stadium and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Huddersfield Giants have won the League Championship seven times and Challenge Cup six times.

The club's home colours are claret and thin gold hooped shirt, claret shorts and claret and gold hooped socks. They have or have had rivalries with Leeds Rhinos, Bradford Bulls, Halifax, Oldham, Rochdale Hornets, Wakefield Trinity, Batley Bulldogs and Dewsbury Rams.

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Nathan Adrian
Nathan Ghar-jun Adrian (born December 7, 1988) is an American competitive swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist who formerly held the American record in the long course 50-meter freestyle event.

In his Olympic debut at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Adrian swam in the heats of the 4×100-meter freestyle relay and earned a gold medal when the United States team won in the final. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Adrian won gold medals in both the 100-meter freestyle and the 4×100-meter medley relay, and a silver medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay.  He has won thirty-two medals in major international competitions; twenty gold, seven silver, and five bronze in such competitions as the 
Summer Olympics, the FINA World Aquatics Championships, and the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. In the 2016 Summer Olympics 4x100-meter freestyle relay a gold was won with Michael Phelps, Caeleb Dressel, and Ryan Held. He was an individual bronze medalist in the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyles.

Ryan Held
Ryan Held (born June 27, 1995) is an American retired freestyle swimmer who specializes in the sprint events, and is currently sponsored by Arena. He holds three world records in short course relay events. At the 2016 Summer Olympics he won a gold medal in the 4×100 meter freestyle relays, swimming in both the prelims and the final of the event.  He won a second gold medal in the 2024 Summer Olympics in the 4×100 meter freestyle relays, though he did not swim in the finals of the event.

In 2021, he won silver medals in the 50 meter freestyle and the 100 meter freestyle at the 2021 World Short Course Championships. At his first FINA World Aquatics Championships, the 2022 World Aquatics Championships, he won a gold medal in the 4×100 meter freestyle relay.
Heinsberg–Lindern railway
The Lindern–Heinsberg (Rheinl) railway, also called the Heinsberger Bahn (Heinsberg Railway) or Wurmtalbahn (Wurm Valley Railway) is a single-track branch line from Lindern on the Aachen–Mönchengladbach railway to Heinsberg in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was opened in 1890.

Aachen–Mönchengladbach railway
The Aachen–Mönchengladbach railway is a main line in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an important link between the Ruhr and Belgium for freight trains and is served by regional passenger trains. The line was built by the Aachen-Düsseldorf-Ruhrort Railway Company and is one of the oldest lines in Germany, which was opened between 1852 and 1854.
Kevin Rose
Robert Kevin Rose (born 1977) is an American Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Revision3, Digg, Pownce, and Milk. He also served as production assistant and co-host at TechTV's The Screen Savers. From 2012 to 2015, he was a venture partner at GV. In 2025, Rose re-purchased Digg with Alexis Ohanian and re-launched it as a competitor to Reddit.

Revision3
Revision3 was a San Francisco–based  multi-channel television network that created, produced and distributed streaming television shows on niche topics. Founded in 2005, it operated as a subsidiary of Discovery Digital Networks since 2012. The network produced technology and gaming oriented programming in tandem with traditional comedic, political, DIY, and movie-related content. 
On March 31, 2017, Discovery Communications closed the website.
Bloody Mary (DC Comics)
Bloody Mary is a supervillain in the DC Comics universe, and a junior member of the Female Furies. She first appeared in Hawk and Dove (vol. 2) #21 (February 1991) and was created by Karl Kesel making her one of the few New God characters not created by Jack Kirby.

Female Furies
The Female Furies are a group of women warriors and supervillains appearing in comics published by DC Comics. All of them are New Gods who serve Darkseid. They operate directly under Granny Goodness, who trains all of Darkseid's soldiers.
Pope (horse)
Pope (1806 – 29 August 1831), also known as Waxy Pope and The Sligo Waxy, was a Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1809 Epsom Derby and was a leading sire in Ireland. Pope was the first Epsom Derby winner produced by his sire Waxy, who would go on to sire three more Derby winners and three winners of The Oaks. Pope was a half-brother to the prolific broodmare Penelope, the dam of the influential stallions Whisker and Whalebone , who were also sired by Waxy. Pope died on 29 August 1831 at Clearwell.

Whalebone (horse)
Whalebone (1807 – 6 February 1831) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1810 Epsom Derby and was a successful sire of racehorses and broodmares in the 1820s. Whalebone and his full-brother Whisker were produced by the prolific and important broodmare Penelope, and they contributed to the perpetuation of the genetic line (tail-male) of their sire Waxy and grandsire Eclipse into the 20th century. Whalebone raced until he was six years old and was retired to stud at Petworth in 1815. Whalebone sired the Derby winners Lap-dog, Spaniel and may have been the sire of Moses. Other notable sons are Sir Hercules and Camel, the sire of Touchstone. Whalebone died in 1831 at the age of 24 of hemorrhage after covering a mare.
Chistye Prudy (Moscow Metro)
Chistye Prudy (Russian: Чистые пруды, English: Clean Pondspronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in the Basmanny District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Lubyanka and Krasnye Vorota stations. Chistye Prudy was opened on 15 May 1935 as a part of the first segment of the Metro. The station lies beneath Myasnitskaya Street, close to Turgenevskaya Square and the Clean Ponds, after which the station was named. It was the deepest station in Moscow Metro from 1935 until 1938.

Krasnye Vorota (Moscow Metro)
Krasnye Vorota (Russian: Кра́сные воро́та, English: Red Gatepronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in the Krasnoselsky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow, Russia. It opened on 15 May 1935 as one of the initial ten stations of the Metro. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Chistye Prudy and Komsomolskaya stations.
William J. Kirkpatrick
William James Kirkpatrick (27 February 1838 – 20 September 1921) was an Irish-born American hymnwriter. He partnered with John R. Sweney to produce and publish over 1,000 gospel hymn songs and over sixty hymnal books.

John R. Sweney
John Robson Sweney (December 31, 1837 – April 10, 1899) was an American composer from Pennsylvania.  He was a professor of music at the Pennsylvania Military Academy for twenty-five years and collaborated with William J. Kirkpatrick to produce and publish over 1,000 gospel hymn songs and over sixty hymnal books.  His most popular and widely known hymn is "Beulah Land".
Normal-inverse Gaussian distribution
The normal-inverse Gaussian distribution (NIG, also known as the normal-Wald distribution) is a continuous probability distribution that is defined as the normal variance-mean mixture where the mixing density is the inverse Gaussian distribution. The NIG distribution was noted by Blaesild in 1977 as a subclass of the generalised hyperbolic distribution discovered by Ole Barndorff-Nielsen. In the next year Barndorff-Nielsen published the NIG in another paper. It was introduced in the mathematical finance literature in 1997.

The parameters of the normal-inverse Gaussian distribution are often used to construct a heaviness and skewness plot called the NIG-triangle.

Generalised hyperbolic distribution
The generalised hyperbolic distribution (GH) is a continuous probability distribution defined as the normal variance-mean mixture where the mixing distribution is the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution (GIG). Its probability density function (see the box) is given in terms of modified Bessel function of the second kind, denoted by . It was introduced by Ole Barndorff-Nielsen, who studied it in the context of physics of wind-blown sand.
Gay square dance
Gay square dance is square dance as it is generally danced in the gay and lesbian community.  The first gay and lesbian square dance clubs formed in the mid-to-late 1970s in the USA.  There are currently about eighty gay square dance clubs worldwide.

Gay square dance is typically open to all square dancers, regardless of sexual orientation. The dancing is generally modern Western square dancing, as it is practiced throughout the world, standardized by Callerlab, the International Association of Square Dance Callers, and as generally practiced by clubs belonging to the International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs (IAGSDC), the umbrella organization for gay square dance clubs.

In addition to gay modern western square dance clubs, there are gay and lesbian clubs for other dance forms, both square dance and non-square dance forms, including  "traditional" and exhibition-style square dancing.

International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs
The International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs (or IAGSDC) is an international umbrella organization for gay square dance.  The association includes over eighty clubs.  Most clubs are in the United States and Canada, with one club in Japan. There are no longer any active clubs in Britain, Denmark, or Australia.
Self-phase modulation
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical effect of light–matter interaction.
An ultrashort pulse of light, when travelling in a medium, will induce a varying refractive index of the medium due to the optical Kerr effect. This variation in refractive index will produce a phase shift in the pulse, leading to a change of the pulse's frequency spectrum.

Self-phase modulation is an important effect in optical systems that use short, intense pulses of light, such as lasers and optical fiber communications systems.

Self-phase modulation has also been reported for nonlinear sound waves propagating in biological thin films, where the phase modulation results from varying elastic properties of the lipid films.

Kerr effect
The Kerr effect, also called the quadratic electro-optic (QEO) effect, is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field. The Kerr effect is distinct from the Pockels effect in that the induced index change for the Kerr effect is directly proportional to the square of the electric field instead of varying linearly with it. All materials show a Kerr effect, but certain liquids display it more strongly than others. The Kerr effect was discovered in 1875 by Scottish physicist John Kerr.

Two special cases of the Kerr effect are normally considered, these being the Kerr electro-optic effect, or DC Kerr effect, and the optical Kerr effect, or AC Kerr effect.
YORP effect
The Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect, or YORP effect for short, changes the rotation state of a small astronomical body – that is, the body's spin rate and the obliquity of its pole(s) – due to the scattering of solar radiation off its surface and the emission of its own thermal radiation.

The YORP effect is typically considered for asteroids with their heliocentric orbit in the Solar System. The effect is responsible for the creation of binary and tumbling asteroids as well as for changing an asteroid's pole towards 0°, 90°, or 180° relative to the ecliptic plane and so modifying its heliocentric radial drift rate due to the Yarkovsky effect.

Yarkovsky effect
Radiation from asteroid's surface

Prograde rotating asteroid2.1. Location with "Afternoon"

Asteroid's orbit

Radiation from Sun

The Yarkovsky effect is a force acting on a rotating body in space caused by the anisotropic emission of thermal photons, which carry momentum. It is usually considered in relation to meteoroids or small asteroids (about 10 cm to 10 km in diameter), as its influence is most significant for these bodies.
We All Belong
We All Belong is the fourth album by Dr. Dog. It was released on February 27, 2007. The album finds the band adding more to their typical indie-rock sound, including a wider variety of instruments and psychedelic group harmony. The entire record, as well as the preceding Takers and Leavers EP, was recorded on 24-track tape. This album was number 39 on Rolling Stone's list of the Top 50 Albums of 2007. The song "Old News" was number 40 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. The album was twice sampled, by rapper Chiddy Bang, "Ain't It Strange" on "Grab a Plate" and "My Old Ways" by The Preview's "Old Ways".

Takers and Leavers
Takers and Leavers is an EP by Dr. Dog. It was released a year before their LP, We All Belong, which re-released "Ain't It Strange" and "Die Die Die".

The first 1000 copies had custom covers, which featured various images and assortments of random art. The standard EP was produced later that month.
Antrim railway station
Antrim railway station opened 1848 and serves the town of Antrim in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

The station currently serves trains on the Belfast to Derry line via Bleach Green and York Street station. Until 2003, Belfast-Derry trains reached here by means of the Lisburn-Antrim railway line, however, this line was mothballed after re-opening of the Bleach Green line. There is still the old platform for the Lisburn-Antrim line but has been cut back to allow room, on the other side of a fence, for the bus stands.   The possibility of reopening it as a circular route, with a halt at Aldergrove for Belfast International Airport has been discussed. The station has undergone a major refurbishment to become an integrated bus and rail hub. In total, the station had 4 platforms. One is completely disused, two in use, and one that has been shortened and rarely used.

Lisburn–Antrim line
The Lisburn–Antrim line is a 20-mile (32 km) railway line of Northern Ireland Railways. It links Knockmore Junction on the Belfast–Newry line with Antrim on the Belfast–Derry line. It has been closed to passenger services since 2003.
Anett Futatabi
Anett Futatabi is a 1993 beat-em-up video game by Wolf Team for the Mega CD. It is the final in a trilogy of games that also includes Earnest Evans and El Viento. The game was released only in Japan in 1993.

Earnest Evans
Earnest Evans is a 1991 platform game by Wolf Team. It was self-published in Japan for the Sega Mega-CD and the Sega Genesis in North America by Renovation Products three months later. As with Sol-Feace, the Mega-CD release has a Mixed Mode CD soundtrack along with animated cutscenes created by Madhouse.

Earnest Evans is the second game (but first chronologically) of a trilogy which also includes El Viento (1991) and Anett Futatabi (1993). All three games was re-released in Japan in December 2025 as part of the Earnest Evans Collection.
Liza Wang
Elizabeth "Liza" Wang Ming-chun GBS SBS (born 28 August 1947), is a Hong Kong diva, actress and MC. She is a personality in Chinese-speaking communities. She has been nicknamed "The Big Sister" in the Hong Kong entertainment circle. Wang was a delegate in the National People's Congress from 1988 to 1997, and she is a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Silver Bauhinia Star
The Silver Bauhinia Star (Chinese: 銀紫荊星章, SBS) is the second rank of the Order of the Bauhinia Star under the honours system of Hong Kong, awarded to people who have taken a leading part in public affairs or voluntary work over a long period. The award was created in 1997 to replace the British honours system (such as Order of the British Empire) after the transfer of sovereignty to People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Pinta (ship)
A ship built in medieval Spain in c. 1441, known as La Pinta (Spanish for The Painted One, The Look, or The Spotted One) was the fastest of the three Spanish ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first transatlantic voyage in 1492. The New World was first sighted by Rodrigo de Triana aboard La Pinta on 12 October 1492. The owner of La Pinta was Cristóbal Quintero. The Quintero brothers were ship owners from Palos. The owner of the ship allowed Martín Alonso Pinzón to take over the ship so he could keep an eye on her.

La Pinta was a caravel-type vessel. By tradition, Spanish ships were named after saints and usually given nicknames. Thus, La Pinta, like La Niña, was not the ship's actual name; La Niña's actual name was the Santa Clara. The Santa María's original nickname was La Gallega. The actual original name of La Pinta is unknown. The origin of the ship is disputed but is believed to have been built in Spain in 1441. She was later rebuilt for use by Christopher Columbus.

Santa María (ship)
La Santa María de la Inmaculada Concepción (Spanish: [la ˈsãn̪.t̪a maˈɾi.a ð̞e̞ la ĩm.ma.kuˈla.ð̞a kõn̟.θeβ̞ˈθjõn] lit. 'The Holy Mary of the Immaculate Conception'), or La Santa María (Spanish: [la ˈsãn̪.t̪a maˈɾi.a]), originally La Gallega (Spanish: [la ɡaˈʝe.ɣ̞a]), was the largest of the three small ships sailed by Christopher Columbus in his first expedition across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, with the backing of the Spanish monarchs. Her master and owner was Juan de la Cosa.

In 1492 the ship ran aground on a sand bar near modern-day Cap-Haïtien of the island of Hispaniola. The ship's wood was stripped and then utilized in the construction of a wooden fort at Limonade. One of her anchors survives to the present day in a museum in Haiti. In the 19th and 20th century, several replicas were created with varying attributes and dimensions, as the size and details of the original ship are unknown.
Rockingham, Northamptonshire
Rockingham is a village and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England. Close to the border of Leicestershire and Rutland, the village is largely connected to the town of Corby where various local organisations utilise the Rockingham name. Other nearby villages include Cottingham, Great Easton and Caldecott. During the 2001 census, the parish's population was 115 people, falling marginally to 113 at the 2011 Census.

The village is the site of Rockingham Castle and gives its name to Rockingham Forest; the extinct Marquess of Rockingham title; Rockingham Primary School in Corby; as well as the former Rockingham Motor Speedway in North Northamptonshire. The A6003 road runs north–south through the village and crosses the Welland valley.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.