hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Primosphere Limited Partnership
Primosphere Limited Partnership was one of four companies bidding for Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service, or SDARS, licenses in the United States.  The service would have been an advertisement-supported digital audio service with an emphasis on serving music genres that had lost exposure in the terrestrial radio market during that period, such as classic jazz, "beautiful music," "pop standards," and swing music.  Two dedicated public radio talk channels were also proposed along with traditional talk radio channels.

Digital audio radio service
Digital audio radio service (DARS) is any type of digital radio program service. In the United States it is the official FCC term for digital radio services.

The most popular type of DARS in the U.S. and Canada is SDARS (Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service), used by Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio.  XM and Sirius both operate in the 2.3-GHz S band, from 2320 to 2345 MHz.

Increasing the spectrum available for more services would be difficult, since unlike C-band and Ku band services, which allow over 200 locations for satellites, S-band satellites must be spaced far apart, with current technology. Existing vehicle antennas would not allow reception of two different stations on the same frequency, though new technology, requiring a new kind of receiver, might be possible.

WorldSpace also operated a DARS network outside the United States and Canada with a footprint covering Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. It used the L-band.
Tha Chin River
The Tha Chin River (Thai: แม่น้ำท่าจีน, RTGS: Maenam Tha Chin, pronounced [mɛ̂ːnáːm tʰâː tɕīːn]) is a distributary of the Chao Phraya River, in Thailand. It splits in the province of Chai Nat and then flows west from the Chao Phraya through the central plains, until it empties into the Gulf of Thailand in Samut Sakhon province.

Chai Nat province
Chai Nat (Thai: ชัยนาท, pronounced [tɕʰāj nâːt]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nakhon Sawan, Sing Buri, Suphan Buri, and Uthai Thani. The town of Chai Nat is 188 km north of Bangkok.

According to the Ayutthaya Testimonies, the provincial center of Chai Nat was founded by the Siamese monarch Surindrarāja in the early 11th century. He renamed Ban Pran Nuea (บ้านพรานเนื้อ) as Phra Nakhon Chai Nat Buri (พระนครชัยนาทบุรี) and designated it as the new capital of the region, thereby superseding Phraek Si Racha as the principal administrative center of the polity.: 41
Rose Treviño
Rose Violet Zertuche Treviño (December 17, 1951 – April 30, 2010) born in San Antonio, Texas was a distinguished children's librarian, advocate of library services for Latinos and the first Hispanic branch manager in San Antonio, Texas.  Treviño created the nation's first bilingual 'Born to Read' program and was the first Latino to serve as chair of the Newbery Award committee. She also served as the Youth Services Coordinator for the Houston Public Library System. A commemorative scholarship for Latinos and/or Spanish speakers pursuing a degree in young adult or children librarianship was created by REFORMA, the National Association to Promote Library and Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking, in her name.

REFORMA
REFORMA: The National Association to Promote Library & Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking, more commonly known as REFORMA, is an affiliate of the American Library Association formed in 1971 to promote library services to Latinos and the Spanish-speaking. It is registered in Washington, D.C. as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
Hoeksche Waard
The Hoekse Waard (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦuksə ˈʋaːrt]; pre-1947 spelling: Hoeksche Waard) is an island between the Oude Maas, Dordtsche Kil, Hollands Diep, Haringvliet and Spui rivers in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. The island, part of the namesake municipality of Hoeksche Waard, is a mostly agricultural region, south of the outskirts of Rotterdam. The Hoeksche Waard consists of reclaimed land (polders): after the Saint Elisabeth flood of 1421 most of the area was flooded. The land has been reclaimed gradually in the following centuries.

Dordtsche Kil
The Dordtse Kil (pre-1947 spelling: Dordtsche Kil) is a short river in South Holland in the Netherlands. The river is tidal and forms the connection between the Oude Maas river and the Hollands Diep. The river is for most part artificial in origin, since it has been a relatively small tidal creek until the 19th century.
Italian Chess Federation
The Italian Chess Federation (Italian: Federazione Scacchistica Italiana; FSI) is the governing chess organization of Italy. It is a member of the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) and FIDE (the World Chess Federation). It was founded in Varese, Italy in 1920 and with its first president being Luigi Miliani.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
Giovanni Angelo del Maino
Giovanni Angelo del Maino (active in Pavia and the duchy of Milan 1496–1536; possibly born in Milan, c. 1475; date of death unknown) was an Italian sculptor in wood. His works include the Ancona dell'Assunta.

Assumption Altarpiece (Morbegno)
The Ancona dell'Assunta  (Assumption Altarpiece) is a 16th-century wooden sculpture by the carver Giovan Angelo Del Maino, assisted by his brother Tiburzio between 1516 and 1519. It was decorated by Gaudenzio Ferrari and Fermo Stella.  It was produced as the frame for an altarpiece on the high altar of the Santuario dell'Assunta in Morbegno, Sondrio.
Serb National Board
The Serb National Board (Serbian: Српски народни одбор, romanized: Srpski narodni odbor), also known as the Main Board  (Serbian: Главни одбор, romanized: Glavni odbor), the Serbian Main Committee, or the Chief Committee (also, the Central Committee), was a political and representative body of Serbs of Vojvodina, that acted as a provisional governing body of the Serbian Vojvodina in 1848-1849. It was elected at the May Assembly (13-15 May 1848) in Sremski Karlovci, and was active until the establishment of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat in the autumn of 1849.

May Assembly
May Assembly (Serbian: Мајска скупштина / Majska skupština) was the national assembly of the Serbs in Austrian Empire, held on 1 and 3 (O.S.) [13 and 15 (N.S.)] May 1848 in Sremski Karlovci, during which the Serbs proclaimed autonomous Serbian Vojvodina. This action was later recognized by the supreme Austrian authority in Vienna. The May Assembly was part of the European Revolutions of 1848.
Óengus of Tallaght
Óengus mac Óengobann, better known as Saint Óengus of Tallaght or Óengus the Culdee, was an Irish bishop, reformer and writer, who flourished in the first quarter of the 9th century and is held to be the author of the Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus") and possibly the Martyrology of Tallaght.

Little of Óengus's life and career is reliably attested. The most important sources include internal evidence from the Félire, a later Middle Irish preface to that work, a biographic poem beginning Aíbind suide sund amne ("Delightful to sit here thus") and the entry for his feast-day inserted into the Martyrology of Tallaght.

Culdees
The Culdees (Irish: Céilí Dé, lit. 'Spouses of God'; pronounced [ceːlʲiː dʲeː]) were members of ascetic Christian monastic and eremitical communities of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England in the Middle Ages. Appearing first in Ireland and then in Scotland, they were subsequently attached to cathedral or collegiate churches. Though they did not take monastic vows, they lived in monastic fashion.
Michael Townley (politician)
Michael Townley (born 4 November 1934) is a former Australian politician and pharmacist. He served as a Senator for Tasmania from 1971 to 1987.

Townley was born in Hobart; his father Rex and uncle Athol were also prominent politicians. Before entering politics he operated several pharmacies and made regular radio and television appearances. Townley was a member of the Liberal Party but came into conflict with the state executive. At the 1970 Senate election he was elected as an independent. He initially sat on the crossbench and was re-elected in 1974, but joined the parliamentary Liberals the following year. This increase in the Coalition's numbers was one of the contributing factors to the 1975 constitutional crisis. Townley spent the remainder of his time in the Senate as a backbencher and frequently crossed the floor. He resigned from the Liberal Party and retired from the Senate before the 1987 election.

1974 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 18 May 1974. All 127 seats in the House of Representatives and all 60 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam defeated the opposition Liberal–Country coalition led by Billy Snedden. This marked the first time that a Labor leader won two consecutive elections.

Prior to the election the voting age had been reduced from 21 to 18 years. The election was held in conjunction with four referendum questions, none of which were carried.

Future Prime Minister John Howard entered parliament at this election. Snedden became the first Liberal Leader not to serve as prime minister.
John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes
John Leslie (c. 1630 – 27 July 1681), son of John Leslie, 6th Earl of Rothes, was the 7th Earl of Rothes and 1st Duke of Rothes. According to tradition, he was a descendant of Princess Beatrix, sister of King Malcolm III of Scotland. His family had intermarried with both the Stuarts and the Bruces.

Margaret Leslie, 8th Countess of Rothes
Margaret Leslie was born sometime before 1660. She was the daughter of the previous earl (and also Duke) of Rothes, John Leslie, who was the 7th Earl and 1st Duke of Rothes. On 8 October 1674, she married her cousin Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Haddington, making her children thus Hamilton's. Under the terms of her father's earldom, Hamilton took the surname of Leslie, and arranged to pass his own peerage to the second son.

She had four children, the eldest of whom was John Hamilton-Leslie who became Earl after her death in August 1700. One of her other children would become the 6th Earl of Haddington.
Grant Teaff
Grant Garland Teaff (/ˈtæf/; born November 12, 1933) is an American former football player and coach. He served as the head coach at McMurry University (1960–1965), Angelo State University (1969–1971), and Baylor University (1972–1992), compiling a career college football record of 170–151–8. In his 21 seasons as head coach of the Baylor Bears football team, Teaff's teams won two Southwest Conference titles and appeared in eight bowl games. His 128 wins are the most of any coach in the history of the program. Teaff was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2001.

Baylor Bears football
The Baylor Bears football team represents Baylor University in Division I FBS college football. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference.  After 64 seasons at the off-campus Baylor Stadium, renamed Floyd Casey Stadium in 1988, the Bears opened the new on-campus McLane Stadium for the 2014 season.
Emmanuel Maximilien-Joseph Guidal
Emmanuel Maximilien-Joseph Guidal (French pronunciation: [emanɥɛl maksimiljɛ̃ ʒozɛf ɡidal]; 31 December 1764 – 29 October 1812) was a French general involved in the Malet Conspiracy which was aimed at toppling Napoleon I, who was away from Paris at the time.

Malet coup of 1812
The Malet coup of 1812 was an attempted coup d'état in Paris, France, aimed at removing Napoleon I, then campaigning in Russia, from power. The coup was engineered by Republican general Claude François de Malet, a republican who had consistently opposed Napoleon.

Malet used forged documents to convince French National Guard officers in Paris that Napoleon had died, enabling him to take control of elements of the guard and use them to arrest various government ministers. However, when Malet attempted to take control of the Paris garrison, an officer recognised the documents as fakes and arrested him.

After Malet's arrest, the coup collapsed, and the leading conspirators were executed.
Tinapayan
Tinapayan is a Filipino dish consisting of tapay (fermented cooked rice) and dried fish. It originates from the Maguindanao people. It is very similar to the more widespread northern dish burong isda, but differs in that the fish is dried first.

The process of preparing tinapayan is time-consuming, but results in a dish that can be preserved for a long time. The fish (usually snakehead or catfish) is first sun dried for three days, then it is covered in tapay (cooked rice fermented overnight in banana leaves) with ginger, chilis, and other spices and allowed to ferment further in a container for at least another week. After fermentation, the fish is shredded and deep-fried in oil before serving. It is usually eaten with white rice.

Tapai
Tapai (also tapay or tape) is a traditional fermented preparation of rice or other starchy foods, and is found throughout much of Southeast Asia, especially in Austronesian cultures, and parts of East Asia. It refers to both the alcoholic paste and the alcoholic beverage derived from it. It has a sweet or sour taste
and can be eaten as is, as ingredients for traditional recipes, or fermented further to make rice wine (which in some cultures is also called tapai). Tapai is traditionally made with white rice or glutinous rice, but can also be made from a variety of carbohydrate sources, including cassava and potatoes. Fermentation is performed by a variety of moulds including Aspergillus oryzae,  Rhizopus oryzae, Amylomyces rouxii or Mucor species, and yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Saccharomycopsis fibuliger, Endomycopsis burtonii and others, along with bacteria.
1872 Scotland v England football match
The 1872 association football match between the national teams of Scotland and England is officially recognised by FIFA as the first international. It took place on 30 November 1872 at Hamilton Crescent, the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground in Partick, Glasgow. The match was watched by 4,000 spectators and finished as a 0–0 draw.

Partick
Partick (Scottish Gaelic: Partaig, originally Pearraig; Scots: Pairtick) is an area of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde, just across from Govan. To the west lies Whiteinch, to the east Yorkhill and Kelvingrove Park (across the River Kelvin), and to the north Broomhill, Hyndland, Dowanhill, Hillhead, areas which form part of the West End of Glasgow. Partick was a Police burgh from 1852 until 1912 when it was incorporated into the city. Partick is the area of the city most connected with the Highlands, and several Gaelic agencies, such as the Gaelic Books Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle nan Leabhraichean) are located in the area. Some ATMs in the area display Gaelic.
Games People Play (book)
Games People Play: The Psychology of Human Relationships is a 1964 book by psychiatrist Eric Berne. The book was a bestseller at the time of its publication, despite drawing academic criticism for some of the psychoanalytic theories it presented. It popularized Berne's model of transactional analysis among a wide audience, and has been considered one of the first pop psychology books.

Transactional analysis
Transactional analysis is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy wherein social interactions (or "transactions") are analyzed to determine the ego state of the communicator (whether parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior. In transactional analysis, the communicator is taught to alter the ego state as a way to solve emotional problems. The method deviates from Freudian psychoanalysis, which focuses on increasing awareness of the contents of subconsciously held ideas. Eric Berne developed the concept and paradigm of transactional analysis in the late 1950s.
Babay (2014 film)
Babay (Ukrainian: «Бабай») is a Ukrainian animation fantasy film shot by Maryna Medvyd at the Ukranimafilm studio. The film tells the story of a beautiful girl who was searching for her parents, who were kidnapped by the Babay. The film premiered in Ukraine on December 18, 2014. It was considered to be the first Ukrainian full-length animated film that was widely released in Ukraine.

Babay (Slavic folklore)
Babay or Babai (Russian: Бабай) is a night spirit (Bogeyman) in Slavic folklore. According to beliefs, he abducts children who do not sleep at night or behave badly. He is also called Babayka (Russian: Бабайка), Babayko (Ukrainian: Бабайко) or Bobo (Babok, Bebok) (Polish), although the term may also be applied to his female equivalent.
19th Grey Cup
The 19th Grey Cup was the 1931 Canadian Rugby Union championship game that was played at Percival Molson Memorial Stadium in Montreal, between the Regina Roughriders and the Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers. The hometown Winged Wheelers shut-out the Roughriders 22–0.

Percival Molson Memorial Stadium
Percival Molson Memorial Stadium (also known in French as Stade Percival-Molson; commonly referred to as Molson Stadium in English or Stade Molson in French) is an outdoor football and multi-purpose stadium in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on the slopes of Mount Royal, in the borough of Ville-Marie.  Named in honour of Percival Molson, and owned by McGill University, it was the home of the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League from 1954 to 1967 and again since 1998. The stadium is also home to the McGill Redbirds and Martlets of the RSEQ, the Montreal Royal of the American Ultimate Disc League, the Selwyn House Gryphons high-school football team and the Canadian Corporate Soccer League, the largest amateur corporate league in Canada.
Economic equilibrium
In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced, meaning that economic variables will no longer change.

Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers. This price is often called the competitive price or market clearing price and will tend not to change unless demand or supply changes, and quantity is called the "competitive quantity" or market clearing quantity.

Market clearing
In economics, market clearing is the process by which, in an economic market, the supply of whatever is traded is equated to the demand so that there is no excess supply or demand, ensuring that there is neither a surplus nor a shortage. The new classical economics assumes that in any given market, assuming that all buyers and sellers have access to information and that there is no "friction" impeding price changes, prices constantly adjust up or down to ensure market clearing.
The Ceremony of Innocence
The Ceremony of Innocence is a 1970 television movie adaptation of the play by the same name which depicts a highly fictionalized account of the events leading up to Sweyn Forkbeard's invasion of England in AD 1013. Richard Kiley stars as King Ethelred with James Broderick, Larry Gates, and Gilmer McCormick. The script was written by Ronald Ribman and the film was directed by Ken Rockefeller and Arthur Allan Seidelman. Bob Markell produced The Ceremony of Innocence.

Swein Forkbeard
Swein Forkbeard (also spelled Sweyn; died 3 February 1014) was King of Denmark from 986, King of England for five weeks from December 1013, and King of Norway from 999/1000, all until his death in 1014. He was the father of King Harald II of Denmark, King Cnut the Great, and Queen Estrid Svendsdatter.

In the mid-980s, Swein revolted against his father, Harald Bluetooth, and seized the throne. Harald was driven into exile and died shortly afterwards in November 986 or 987. In 1000, with the allegiance of Eric, Earl of Lade, Swein ruled most of Norway. In 1013, shortly before his death, he became the first Danish king of the English after a long effort.
Mandala
A mandala (Sanskrit: मण्डल, romanized: maṇḍala, lit. 'circle', [ˈmɐɳɖɐlɐ]) is a geometric configuration of symbols. In various spiritual traditions, mandalas may be employed for focusing attention of practitioners and adepts, as a spiritual guidance tool, for establishing a sacred space and as an aid to meditation and trance induction. In the Eastern religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Shinto it is used as a map representing deities, or especially in the case of Shinto, paradises, kami or actual shrines.

Sand mandala
Sand mandala (Tibetan: དཀྱིལ་འཁོར།, Wylie: dkyil 'khor, THL kyinkhor; Chinese: 沙壇城/壇城沙畫) is a Tibetan Buddhist tradition involving the creation and destruction of mandalas made from colored  sand. Once complete, the sand mandala's ritualistic dismantling is accompanied by ceremonies and viewing to symbolize Buddhist doctrinal belief in the transitory nature of material life.
Travis Unified School District
Travis Unified School District is a Unified School District located in Fairfield. It serves students from eastern Fairfield, southern Vacaville,  and Travis A.F.B., in a total of 8 schools throughout its district. These schools include 1 high school, 1 alternative high school, 1 middle school, and 5 elementary schools. The elementary schools are Scandia Elementary School, Travis Elementary School, Center Elementary School, Cambridge Elementary School, and Foxboro Elementary School. The high schools include 1 alternative high school in Travis Education Center (TEC) and 1 public high school in Vanden High School.

Fairfield, California
Fairfield is a city in and the county seat of Solano County, California, United States, in the North Bay sub-region of the San Francisco Bay Area.

The city has a diversified economy, with government, manufacturing, healthcare, retail, professional and commercial construction sectors.

Fairfield was founded in 1856 by clipper ship captain Robert H. Waterman, and named after his former hometown of Fairfield, Connecticut.

It is the location of Travis Air Force Base and the headquarters of Jelly Belly. The population was 119,881 at the 2020 census.
Irvin McDowell
Irvin McDowell (October 15, 1818 – May 4, 1885) was an American army officer.  He is best known for his defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, the first large-scale battle of the American Civil War. In 1862, he was given command of the I Corps of the Army of the Potomac. He fought unsuccessfully against Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's troops during the Valley Campaign of 1862 and was blamed for contributing to the defeat of United States troops at the Second Battle of Bull Run in August.

Army of the Potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the primary field army of the Union army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.