hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sō clan
Sō clan (宗氏, Sō-shi) was a Japanese clan claiming descent from Taira no Tomomori. The clan governed and held Tsushima Island from the 13th through the late 19th century, from the Kamakura period until the end of the Edo period and the Meiji Restoration.

In 1587, Toyotomi Hideyoshi confirmed the clan's possession of Tsushima. In the struggles which followed Hideyoshi's death, the clan sided with the Tokugawa; however, they did not participate in the decisive battles which preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. The descendants of tozama Sō Yoshitoshi (1568–1615) remained at Tsushima-Fuchū Domain (100,000 koku) in Tsushima Province until the abolition of the han system. The head of this clan line was ennobled as count in 1884.

Tsushima-Fuchū Domain
Tsushima Fuchū Domain (対馬府中藩, Tsushima Fuchū han), also called the Tsushima Domain, was a domain of Japan in the Edo period.  It is associated with Tsushima Province on Tsushima Island in modern-day Nagasaki Prefecture.

In the han system, Tsushima was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.  In other words, the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka, not land area. This was different from the feudalism of the West.
Hari Tuma Haro
Hari Tuma Haro is an Indian bhajan or devotional song by Mirabai, the 15th-century poet saint. It was Mahatma Gandhi's favorite song, who requested M S Subbulakshmi's rendition for what was to be his last birthday celebrations.

M. S. Subbulakshmi
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004) was an Indian Carnatic singer. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour and also the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award in 1974. She was the first Indian to perform at the United Nations General Assembly in 1966.
Horlivka
Horlivka (US: /ˈhɔːrlɪfkə/ HOR-lif-kə; Ukrainian: Горлівка, IPA: [ˈɦɔrl⁽ʲ⁾iu̯kɐ] ⓘ), also known as Gorlovka (Russian: Горловка, IPA: [ˈɡorləfkə]), is a city in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Its population is 239,828 (2022 estimate).

Economic activity is predominantly coal mining and the chemical industry. The Horlivka Institute for Foreign Languages has a two-building campus in the city centre.

The city was severely damaged during the Battle of Horlivka in 2014 as part of the war in Donbas. Since 2014, it has been mainly under Russian occupation.

Horlivka Institute for Foreign Languages
The Horlivka Institute for Foreign Languages (part of Donbas State Pedagogical University) is an institute of higher education originally located in Horlivka, Ukraine. After the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the institute was evacuated and is now operating in Bakhmut.
Holly Gauthier-Frankel
Holly G. Frankel,  also known as Holly Gauthier-Frankel, is a Canadian voice actress and voice director. Gauthier-Frankel is best known for playing Fern Walters in Arthur, Sagwa in Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat, Rita in Go Hugo Go and Hugo: the Movie Star, Teri in later episodes of What's with Andy?, Loulou in Wimzie's House, and Flora in the Cinélume's English dub of Winx Club. She is also known for her alter-ego, burlesque performer Miss Sugarpuss, whom Gauthier-Frankel retired in 2016.

Jungledyret Hugo
Jungledyret Hugo (Danish for "Hugo the Jungle Animal") is a Danish media franchise created by Flemming Quist Møller based on a lullaby he wrote for his son, and was later turned into a full-length animated feature, produced at A. Film. The franchise currently consists of two traditionally animated features, an animated television series, books, music album, and a third film animated in CGI.

The first two films were translated, edited, and released in the United States on a single DVD in 1998 by Miramax Family. The first film was released as Go Hugo Go and the second film was released as Hugo the Movie Star. The third film was released on region 1 DVD on August 12, 2014 under the title "Amazon Jack". A CD-ROM side-scrolling platform game for the PC based on the first film was also made in 1995 and released in Scandinavia.
Irwin Industrial Tools
Irwin Industrial Tools is an American manufacturer and distributor of hand tools and power tool accessories. It is owned by Stanley Black & Decker. It is best known for producing Vise-Grip locking pliers. Additionally, it produces clamps, drill bits, taps and dies, screw extractors, bolt extractors, saw blades, pipe wrenches, screwdrivers, snips, and other construction tools.

Drill bit
A drill bit is a cutting tool used with a drill to remove material and create holes, typically with a circular cross-section. Drill bits are available in various sizes and shapes, designed to produce different types of holes in a wide range of materials. To function, drill bits are usually mounted in a drill, which provides the rotational force needed to cut into the workpiece. The drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called the shank in the chuck.

Drills come in standardized drill bit sizes. A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists metric and imperial sized drills alongside the required screw tap sizes.  There are also certain specialized drill bits that can create holes with a non-circular cross-section.
Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (died 25 June 1860) was a Māori rangatira who reigned as the inaugural Māori King from 1858 until his death. A powerful nobleman and a leader of the Waikato iwi of the Tainui confederation, he was the founder of the Te Wherowhero royal dynasty. His 1858 coronation followed years of efforts to create the Kīngitanga, a Māori monarchy intended as an equivalent of the British monarchy, and to foster Māori nationalism against settler encroachment.

He was first known just as Te Wherowhero and took the name Pōtatau after he was crowned. As disputes over land grew more severe, Te Wherowhero found himself increasingly at odds with the Government and its policies. Although he accepted the throne reluctantly and reigned only briefly, he has been credited with establishing a number of historical precedents for the Kīngitanga that survive today, as well as more broadly for the rise of pan-Māori identity.

Waikato Tainui
Waikato Tainui, Waikato or Tainui is a group of Māori iwi based in the Waikato Region, in the western central region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the larger Tainui confederation of Polynesian settlers who arrived to New Zealand on the Tainui waka (migration canoe). The tribe is named after the Waikato River, which plays a large part in its history and culture.

Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, the first Māori king, was a member of the Ngāti Mahuta hapu (sub-tribe) of Waikato iwi, and his descendants have succeeded him. The king movement is based at Tūrangawaewae marae (meeting place) in Ngāruawāhia.

The Waikato-Tainui iwi comprises 33 hapū (sub-tribes) and 68 marae (family groupings), with a population of over 80,000 tribal members who affiliate to it. In the 2023 New Zealand census, 47,664 people gave Waikato as an affiliation. Hamilton City is now the tribe's largest population centre, but Ngāruawāhia remains its historical centre and modern capital.
Empiric school
The Empiric school of medicine (Empirics, Empiricists, or Empirici, Greek: Ἐμπειρικοί) was a school of medicine founded in Alexandria the middle of the third century BC. The school was a major influence on ancient Greek and Roman medicine. The school's name is derived from the word empeiria (ἐμπειρία "experience") because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school. Serapion of Alexandria, and Philinus of Cos, are regarded as the founders of this school in the 3rd century BC. Other physicians who belonged to this sect were: Apollonius of Citium, Glaucias, Heraclides, Bacchius, Zeuxis, Menodotus, Theodas, Herodotus of Tarsus, Aeschrion, Sextus Empiricus, and Marcellus Empiricus. The sect survived a long time, as Marcellus lived in the 4th century AD. The doctrines of this school are described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the introduction to his De Medicina.

Zeuxis of Tarentum
Zeuxis of Tarentum (Ancient Greek: Zεῦξις), 3rd century BC, was a physician of the Empiric school, who wrote commentaries on the works of Hippocrates.

He was a native of Tarentum, one of the earliest commentators on the writings of Hippocrates, and also one of the earliest of the Empiric school. He lived after Herophilus, Callimachus, Bacchius, and Glaucias; and apparently before Zeno; and his date may therefore be placed around the middle of the 3rd century BC. He expounded the whole of the Hippocratic Collection, but his commentaries were not much esteemed in Galen's time, and had become scarce.
Youri Djorkaeff
Youri Raffi Djorkaeff (born 9 March 1968) is a French former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or forward. Throughout his club career, he played for teams in France, Italy, Germany, England, and the United States.

At international level, Djorkaeff scored 28 goals in 82 appearances with the France national team between 1993 and 2002. He won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Euro 2000, and the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup, also taking part at Euro 1996 and the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He is the son of former player Jean Djorkaeff. On hanging up his boots in 2006 and after having played in France, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom and the US, Youri devoted himself to social projects, which eventually led him to establish the Youri Djorkaeff Foundation in 2014. He currently holds the position of CEO of the FIFA Foundation, following his appointment in September 2019.

2001 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup was the fifth FIFA Confederations Cup and the third to be organized by FIFA. It was also the first in which the original hosts, Saudi Arabia, did not participate (they were the nation who founded the tournament, previously known as the King Fahd Cup). The tournament was played from 30 May to 10 June 2001, and co-hosted by South Korea and Japan, who were also hosts for the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals. It was won by France, beating hosts Japan 1–0, with a goal from Patrick Vieira.

By winning the tournament along with the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000, France became the second team to simultaneously be World Cup champions, continental champions, and Confederations Cup winners, after Brazil in 1997.

The eight teams were split into two groups of four, in which each team played each of the others once, with the top two in each group advancing to the semi-finals.
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (/ˈbʊlwər/; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, as which he selected Richard Clement Moody to found British Columbia. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.

Bulwer-Lytton's works were well known in his time. He coined famous phrases like "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", "the great unwashed", and the opening phrase (incipit) "It was a dark and stormy night." The sardonic Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, held annually from 1982 to 2024, claims to seek the "opening sentence of the worst of all possible novels".

The pen is mightier than the sword
"The pen is mightier than the sword" is an expression indicating that the written word is more effective than violence as a means of social or political change. This sentiment has been expressed with metaphorical contrasts of writing implements and weapons for thousands of years. The specific wording that "the pen is mightier than the sword" was first used by English author Edward Bulwer-Lytton in 1839.

Under some interpretations, written communication can refer to administrative power or an independent news media.
6882 Sormano
6882 Sormano (prov. designation: 1995 CC1) is an stony Eunomia asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 5 February 1995, by Italian amateur astronomers Piero Sicoli and Valter Giuliani at Sormano Astronomical Observatory in northern Italy. The asteroid was named for the Italian mountain-village of Sormano and its discovering observatory.

Sormano Astronomical Observatory
The Sormano Astronomical Observatory (Italian: Osservatorio Astronomico Sormano, obs. code: 587) is an astronomical observatory north of Milan, Italy. Located near the Swiss border at 1000 meters elevation at the mountain village of Sormano in the pre-Alps, the observatory was privately funded by the Gruppo Astrofili Brianza and built in 1986.
History of Chinese immigration to Canada
Chinese immigrants began settling in Canada in the 1780s. The major periods of Chinese immigration took place from 1858 to 1923, and indefinitely from 1947, reflecting changes in the Canada's immigration policy.

Chinese immigrants were initially sought after by Canadian employers as a source of cheap labour due to Canada's relative wealth at the time and the difficult economic conditions in China. Between 1880 and 1885, the primary work for Chinese labourers in Canada was on the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), but records of Chinese immigration start more than a century earlier.

Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
The Chinese Immigration Act, 1923 (French: Loi de l'Immigration Chinoise, 1923), also known as the "Chinese Exclusion Act" (the duration of which has been dubbed the Exclusion Era), was a Canadian Act of Parliament passed by the government of Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, banning most forms of Chinese immigration to Canada. Immigration from most countries was controlled or restricted in some way, but only the Chinese were completely prohibited from immigrating to Canada.

The act was repealed in May 1947 after World War II, due to Canada having been a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Gaius Sempronius Atratinus
Gaius Sempronius Atratinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 423 BC.

Sempronius belonged to the patrician Sempronia gens and the branch known as the Sempronii Atratini, one of the republic's oldest consular families, having reached the consulship in 497 BC. He is the first known Gaius among the Sempronia, but the praenomen would become increasingly common within the gens during the 3rd and 2nd century BC. As no filiations have survived it remains unclear how Sempronius was connected with the other contemporary Sempronia during this period, but it is likely that Aulus Sempronius Atratinus, consular tribune in 444 BC was his father. This would make Aulus Sempronius Atratinus, consular tribune in 425 BC his cousin.  Aulus Sempronius Atratinus, magister equitum in 380 BC, is most likely a son of either Sempronius or his cousin, the consular tribune of 425 BC.

Sempronia gens
The gens Sempronia was one of the most ancient and noble houses of ancient Rome.  Although the oldest branch of this gens was patrician, with Aulus Sempronius Atratinus obtaining the consulship in 497 BC, the thirteenth year of the Republic, but from the time of the Samnite Wars onward, most if not all of the Sempronii appearing in history were plebeians.  Although the Sempronii were illustrious under the Republic, few of them attained any importance or notice in imperial times.
RIM-162 ESSM
The RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM) is a development of the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow missile used to protect ships from attacking missiles and aircraft. ESSM is designed to counter supersonic maneuvering anti-ship missiles. ESSM also has the ability to be "quad-packed" in the Mark 41 Vertical Launch System, allowing up to four ESSMs to be carried in a single cell.

Mark 41 vertical launching system
The Mark 41 vertical launching system (Mk 41 VLS) is a shipborne missile canister launching system which provides a rapid-fire launch capability against hostile threats. The vertical launching system (VLS) concept was derived from work on the Aegis Combat System.
Warren, Michigan
Warren is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Warren borders Detroit to the north, roughly 13 miles (20.9 km) north of downtown Detroit. The population was 139,387 at the 2020 census, making Warren the largest community in Macomb County, the third-largest city in Michigan, and Detroit's largest suburb.

The city is home to a wide variety of businesses, including the General Motors Technical Center, the United States Army Detroit Arsenal, home of the United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command and the Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), and the headquarters of Asset Acceptance.

Detroit Arsenal (Warren, Michigan)
Detroit Arsenal (DTA), formerly Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant (DATP) was the first manufacturing plant ever built for the mass production of tanks in the United States. Established in 1940 under Chrysler, the plant was owned by the U.S. government until 1996. It was designed by architect Albert Kahn. The building was designed originally as a "dual production facility", so that it could make armaments and be turned into peaceful production at war's end. Notwithstanding its name, the 113-acre (0.46 km2) site was located in Warren, Michigan, Detroit's most populous suburb.
Morton County, North Dakota
Morton County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,291, and was estimated to be 34,194 in 2024, making it the sixth-most populous county in North Dakota. Its county seat and largest city is Mandan, the eighth-largest city in North Dakota.

Morton County is included in the Bismarck metropolitan area.

Mandan, North Dakota
Mandan is a city on the eastern border of Morton County, North Dakota, United States. Founded in 1879 on the west side of the upper Missouri River, it was designated in 1881 as the county seat of Morton County. The population was 24,206 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 24,788 in 2024, making it the eighth-most populous city in North Dakota. Across the Missouri River from Bismarck. Mandan is a core city of the Bismarck metropolitan area.
Teodoro Ardemans
Teodoro de Ardemans or Ardmans (1664 – February 15, 1726) was a Spanish architect and painter known for his significant contributions to Spanish Baroque architecture and painting in the early 18th century, including his work on the Royal Palace of Aranjuez and the  Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso.

Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso
The Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso (Spanish: Palacio Real de La Granja de San Ildefonso), known as La Granja, is an early 18th-century palace in the small town of San Ildefonso, located in the hills near Segovia and 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Madrid, within the Province of Segovia in central Spain.

It became the summer residence of the kings of Spain from the 1720s during the reign of King Philip V. The palace is in a restrained Baroque style, surrounded by extensive gardens in the formal Jardin à la française style with sculptural fountains.  It is now open to the public as a museum.
Israel Football League
The Israel Football League (IFL; Hebrew: ליגת הפוטבול הישראלית), also known as the Kraft Family Israel Football League for sponsorship reasons with the Kraft Family, is an amateur gridiron football league consisting of eight teams. The IFL is the highest level of American football in Israel and each season culminates in the Israel Bowl. The Ramat HaSharon Hammers are the reigning Israel Bowl champions, having defeated the Jerusalem Lions in Israel Bowl XVIII, marking the Hammers’ 2nd Israbowl win in franchise history.

Robert Kraft
Robert Kenneth Kraft (born June 5, 1941) is an American billionaire businessman. He is the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Kraft Group, a diversified holding company with assets in paper and packaging, sports and entertainment, real estate development, and a private equity portfolio. Since 1994, Kraft has owned the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He also owns the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer (MLS), which he founded in 1996. In 2017, he founded the Boston Uprising, an Overwatch League esports team that competed from 2017 until it disbanded in January 2024.  As of July 2024, he has an estimated net worth of US$11.1 billion according to Forbes.
Torn Curtain
Torn Curtain is a 1966 American spy political thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Paul Newman and Julie Andrews. Written by Brian Moore, the film is set in the Cold War and concerns an American scientist who appears to defect behind the Iron Curtain to East Germany. While Hitchcock's long-time collaborator Bernard Herrmann composed a score for the film, it was ultimately rejected, marking the end of their working relationship which had spanned eight films. The film's final score was composed by John Addison.

Torn Curtain premiered in the United States on 14 July 1966. Upon its release, the film was not well received by critics, who derided the plot and the pacing. The film was a financial success though, grossing $13 million worldwide over its $3 million budget.

Brian Moore (novelist)
Brian Moore (/ˈbriːən/ BREE-an; 25 August 1921 – 11 January 1999), was a novelist and screenwriter from Northern Ireland who emigrated to Canada and later lived in the United States. He was acclaimed for the descriptions in his novels of life in Northern Ireland during and after the Second World War, in particular his explorations of the inter-communal divisions of The Troubles, and has been described as "one of the few genuine masters of the contemporary novel". He was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1975 and the inaugural Sunday Express Book of the Year award in 1987, and he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times (in 1976, 1987 and 1990). Moore also wrote screenplays and several of his books were made into films.
Kaysville, Utah
Kaysville is a city in Davis County, Utah. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area. The population was 32,945 at the time of the 2020 census.

Kaysville is home to the USU Botanical Gardens, which also serve as an extension location and distance education center for Utah State University.

Farmington, Utah
Farmington is a city in and the county seat of Davis County, Utah, United States. The population was 24,531 at the 2020 census. The Lagoon Amusement Park and Station Park transit-oriented retail center (which includes a FrontRunner train station) are located in Farmington.
Petros Voulgaris
Petros Voulgaris (Greek: Πέτρος Βούλγαρης; 13 September 1883 – 26 November 1957) was a Greek Admiral who served briefly as Prime Minister of Greece in 1945. He was famous for his role in suppressing the 1944 Greek naval mutiny and restoring the fleet to combat readiness, for which he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Cross of Valour.

1944 Greek naval mutiny
The 1944 Greek naval mutiny was a mutiny by sailors on five ships of the Royal Hellenic Navy in April 1944 over the composition of the Greek government-in-exile, in support of the National Liberation Front (EAM). Petros Voulgaris was called from retirement and appointed vice-admiral to quell the revolt.

The revolt began in Alexandria. Sailors Revolutionary Commissions were formed both on ships and the naval shore establishments on 4 April 1944.

The 1st Brigade of the Greek Armed Forces in the Middle East also suffered a EAM-inspired mutiny on 6 April 1944.

The American philosopher James Burnham, writing in the Partisan Review, saw the mutiny as the start of a "Third World War" as the start of a geopolitical confrontation between the Western Allies and Soviet communism.