hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HC Sparta Praha
Hockey Club Sparta Praha, commonly known as  HC Sparta Prague, is a Prague-based Czech professional ice hockey team playing in the Czech Extraliga. The club has won four Czech championships (most recently in 2007) and four Czechoslovak championships, as well as two Spengler Cups, making it one of the most successful hockey clubs in Czech history. The team HC Sparta Praha plays its home games at O2 Arena, the largest arena in the country.

Founded in 1903, Sparta is one of the oldest hockey teams in the world.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.
Operation Grand Slam
Operation Grand Slam was a key military operation of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It refers to a plan drawn up by the Pakistan Army in May 1965, that consisted of an attack on the vital Akhnoor Bridge in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The bridge was not only the lifeline of an entire infantry division of the Indian Army, but could also be used to threaten the city of Jammu, an important logistical point for Indian forces. The operation saw initial success, but was aborted when the Indian Army opened a new front in the Pakistani province of Punjab in order to relieve pressure in Kashmir. This forced Pakistan to abandon Grand Slam and fight in Punjab, so that the operation ended in failure and stated objectives were not achieved.

Akhnoor
Akhnoor is a town and municipal committee, near city of Jammu in Jammu district of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It lies 28 km away from Jammu city. Akhnoor is on the bank of the Chenab River, just before it enters the Pakistani Punjab. Its border location gives it strategic significance. The Akhnoor area is divided into three administrative sub-divisions - Akhnoor, Chowki Choura and Khour; Seven Tehsils - Akhnoor Khaas, Chowki Choura, Maira Mandrian, Jourian, Kharah Balli, Khour & Pargwal.
Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet
The Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet (BHU Kulgeet) , i.e., Madhur Manohar Ateev Sundar  (transl. sweet serene, infinitely beautiful) is a poem written  by Indian chemist Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar while serving as professor at BHU. It has been composed by another professor at BHU, Pt. Omkar Nath Thakur.

The poem has been popularised and adopted in original as the official university anthem of Banaras Hindu University and is called Kulgeet. It is customary in the university for this anthem to be sung in chorus before any official event or festival of the university is started.

The last stanza of the poem is dedicated to Malviya ji, founder of the university. The university tagline in Hindi Sarv-vidya ki Rajdhani, is borrowed directly from the last line of the poem, while the English tagline capital of knowledge is a translation of the same.

The Kulgeet has often earned accolades throughout history.  The Kulgeet has been presented in art, and popular media as well.

Omkarnath Thakur
Pandit Omkarnath Thakur (24 June 1897 – 29 December 1967), was an Indian music teacher, musicologist and Hindustani classical singer. A disciple of classical singer Vishnu Digambar Paluskar of Gwalior gharana and the founder of Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal he became the principal of Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, Lahore, and later went on become the first dean of the music faculty at Banaras Hindu University.He also wrote book "sangeetanjli" vol 1 to 6
Françoise Tisseur
Françoise Tisseur is a numerical analyst and Professor of Numerical Analysis
at the Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, UK. 
She works in numerical linear algebra and in particular on nonlinear eigenvalue problems and  structured matrix problems, 
including the development of algorithms and software.

She is a graduate of the
University of St-Etienne,  France, from where she gained her 
Maitrise (Mathematical Engineering) in 1993,
Diplome d'Etude Approfondie in 1994, and PhD (Numerical Analysis) in 1997.

She has contributed software to LAPACK, ScaLAPACK, and the MATLAB distribution.

Tisseur is a member of the editorial boards of the SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, the IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis and the Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra.

Nonlinear eigenproblem
In mathematics, a nonlinear eigenproblem, sometimes nonlinear eigenvalue problem, is a generalization of the (ordinary) eigenvalue problem to equations that depend nonlinearly on the eigenvalue. Specifically, it refers to equations of the form

where  is a vector, and  is a matrix-valued function of the number . The number  is known as the (nonlinear) eigenvalue, the vector  as the (nonlinear) eigenvector, and  as the eigenpair. The matrix  is singular at an eigenvalue .
Moisés Carmona
Moisés Carmona Rivera (31 October 1912 – 1 November 1991) was a Mexican Catholic priest from Acapulco, Guerrero, who as the leader of the Unión Católica Trento (“Tridentine Catholic Union”) became a sedevacantist traditionalist Catholic bishop. He was declared excommunicated by the pro-Vatican Metropolitan Archbishop of Acapulco in 1980. His consecration as a bishop was carried out in 1981 by Vietnamese clergyman, Archbishop Ngô Đình Thục, without the permission of the Vatican.

Sedevacantism
Sedevacantism is a traditionalist Catholic movement which holds that since the 1958 death of Pius XII the occupiers of the Holy See are not valid popes due to their espousal of one or more heresies and that, for lack of a valid pope, the See of Rome is vacant. Sedevacantism owes its origins to the rejection of the theological and disciplinary changes implemented following the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965).

The term sedevacantism is derived from the Latin phrase sede vacante, which means "the chair [of the Bishop of Rome] being vacant". The phrase is commonly used to refer specifically to a vacancy of the Holy See which takes place from the pope's death or renunciation to the election of his successor.

The number of sedevacantists is unknown and difficult to measure; estimates range from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Various factions of conclavists among sedevacantists have proceeded to end the perceived vacancy in the Holy See by electing their own pope.
Bismarck Municipal Ballpark
Bismarck Municipal Stadium is a baseball stadium in Bismarck, North Dakota. Built in 1921, the stadium was reconfigured in 1992 and renovated again in 2014.

Since 1928, it has been home to the Bismarck Governors (American Legion Lloyd Spetz Post No. 1) team. In the 1930s, it was home to the Bismarck Churchills independent team, most famous for having Baseball Hall of Famer Satchel Paige leading its roster. It was also home to the minor league baseball teams, the Bismarck Capitals (1922–1923), Bismarck Barons (1955–1957) and Bismarck-Mandan Pards (1962–1964, 1966).

Currently, it is home to the Bismarck Larks of the Northwoods League, a collegiate summer baseball league.

Bismarck–Mandan Pards
The Bismarck–Mandan Pards  were a minor league baseball team based in Bismarck, North Dakota in partnership with neighboring Mandan, North Dakota. The Bismarck–Mandan Pards played as members of the Northern League from 1962 to 1964 and in 1966. Previous Bismarck minor league teams played as members of the 1922 Dakota League, 1923  North Dakota League and the Manitoba-Dakota League from 1955 to 1957. The Bismarck–Mandan Pards were a minor league affiliate of the Minnesota Twins from 1962 to 1964 and Houston Astros in 1966. Bismarck hosted home minor league games at the Bismarck Municipal Ballpark

Baseball Hall of Fame member Ray Dandridge played for the 1955 Bismarck Barons and led the league in hits at age 41.
Daniel Sickles
Daniel Edgar Sickles (October 20, 1819 – May 3, 1914) was an American politician,  Civil War veteran, and diplomat. He served in the  U.S. House of Representatives both before and after the war.

Sickles was involved in a number of scandals, most notably the 1859 homicide of his wife's lover, U.S. Attorney Philip Barton Key II. He was acquitted after using temporary insanity as a legal defense for the first time in United States history.

Philip Barton Key II
Philip Barton Key II (April 5, 1818 – February 27, 1859) was an American lawyer who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia. He is most famous for his public affair with Teresa Bagioli Sickles, and his eventual murder at the hands of her husband, Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York. Sickles defended himself by adopting a defense of temporary insanity, the first time the defense had been successfully used in the United States.
There Is Only You (album)
There Is Only You is the third album from alternative rock band The Xcerts released on 3 November 2014 through Raygun Music.

There Is Only You reached number 96 in the UK album chart in its first week of release and number 8 in the Rock album chart.

The Xcerts
The Xcerts (stylised as The XCERTS) are a Scottish alternative rock band, originally formed in Aberdeen, Scotland in 2001. They have released five studio albums, with their latest being Afterthoughts On Letting Go (2024).
Homeland Shield Plan
The Homeland Shield Plan (Arabic: خطة درع الوطن) Is a Lebanese government initiative, led by the Lebanese Army that has presented a roadmap for the disarmament of all militias in Lebanon, Mainly Hezbollah, aiming to centralize authority over arms in Lebanon. The plan that was introduced on September 2025, include 5 phases, beginning in South Lebanon and then extending nationwide.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
Andrew Goudelock
Andrew Darius Goudelock (born December 7, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Kolossos Rodou of the Greek Basketball League. Standing at 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m), he plays at the shooting guard position. He played college basketball for the Charleston Cougars and was named the Southern Conference Player of the Year in 2011.

Goudelock was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in the second round of the 2011 NBA draft. Following a year with the Lakers, he spent a season with the Sioux Falls Skyforce and the Rio Grande Valley Vipers in the NBA Development League, winning the NBA Development League Most Valuable Player Award in 2013. He was re-signed by the Lakers towards the end of the 2012–13 season. Goudelock was an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2015, as he reached the Euroleague Final Four with Fenerbahçe Ülker.

Charleston Cougars men's basketball
The Charleston Cougars men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team representing the College of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina. The Cougars compete in the Coastal Athletic Association. Home games are played at TD Arena, located on College of Charleston's campus. While a member of the NAIA, they were National Champions in 1983. The Cougars have appeared in the NCAA tournament seven times, most recently in 2024.
Tymek Kucharczyk
Tymoteusz Antoni "Tymek" Kucharczyk (born 27 February 2006) is a Polish racing driver who is contracted to compete in the 2026 Indy NXT with HMD Motorsports. Previously, he competed in the 2025 Euroformula Open Championship, where he won the title, and the 2024 GB3 Championship, where he finished third overall. He made his car racing debut in the 2022 F4 Spanish Championship with MP Motorsport, in which he also finished in third.

2025 Euroformula Open Championship
The 2025 Euroformula Open Championship was a multi-event open-wheel single-seater motor racing championship held across Europe. It was the twelfth season using the Euroformula Open name. The season was held over eight rounds with three races each. It began on April 26 at Algarve International Circuit, and concluded on 19 October at Autodromo Nazionale di Monza.

The season was the first using the Dallara 324 chassis, as well as a spec Toyota engine. This change, aimed at reducing costs, aligned the championship's technical specification with that of the Super Formula Lights.

BVM Racing's Tymek Kucharczyk won the Drivers' Championship at the penultimate race of the season, while runner-up Yevan David took the Rookie Championship as his team, Team Motopark, defended their Teams' Championship title for the seventh year in a row.
Saphan Mon
Saphan Mon (Thai: สะพานมอญ, pronounced [sā.pʰāːn mɔ̄ːn]; lit. 'Mon Bridge') is a historic bridge in Bangkok's Phra Nakhon District. It carries Charoen Krung Road across the old city moat, and was originally built in the reign of King Nangklao (Rama III, 1824–1851), presumably by members of the Mon community who lived nearby. In those days, Mon traders used to settle their boathouses in the area of the bridge. During the reign of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI, 1910–1925), the original wooden structure was replaced with a reinforced concrete bridge with iron railings demonstrating Art Nouveau influence. The bridge is registered as an ancient monument by the Fine Arts Department.

At the east end of the bridge, Charoen Krung crosses Atsadang Roads at its first intersection, known for a historic driving school founded in 1947.

Charoen Krung Road
Charoen Krung Road (Thai: ถนนเจริญกรุง, romanized: Thanon Charoen Krung, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn tɕā.rɤ̄ːn krūŋ]) is a major road in Bangkok and the first in Thailand to be built using modern construction methods. Built during 1862–1864 in the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV), it runs from the old city centre in Rattanakosin Island, passes through Bangkok's Chinatown, continues into Bang Rak district, where it formerly served the community of European expatriates, and ends in Bang Kho Laem. Construction of the road marked a major change in Bangkok's urban development, with the major mode of transport shifting from water to land. Charoen Krung Road was Bangkok's main street up to the early 20th century, but later declined in prominence. It is still home to many historic buildings and neighbourhoods, which are beset by changes as extension of the underground MRT is poised to drive new development.
Carnoustie Golf Links
Carnoustie Golf Links is in Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland. Carnoustie has four courses – the historic Championship Course, the Burnside Course, the Buddon Links Course and a free-to-play short, five-hole course called The Nestie. Carnoustie Golf Links is one of the venues in the Open Championship rotation and has hosted golf's oldest major on eight occasions (1931, 1937, 1953, 1968, 1975, 1999, 2007, 2018), as well as the Senior Open Championship in 2010 and 2016 and the Women's British Open in 2011 and 2021.

2007 Open Championship
The 2007 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 136th Open Championship, played from 19–22 July at Carnoustie Golf Links in Scotland. Pádraig Harrington defeated Sergio García in a playoff to take the title and his first major championship.

A field of 156 players participated in the championship, and the purse was £4.2 million (an increase of £200,000 over 2006); the winner received £750,000 (an increase of £30,000 over 2006). Using conversion rates at the time of the tournament, the purse was €6,158,474 for the European Tour's Order of Merit rankings and US$8,637,720 for the PGA Tour's money list.
Vivarail D-Train
The Vivarail D-Train is a family of multiple units remanufactured by Vivarail for the British rail network. They are converted from London Underground D78 Stock, originally manufactured between 1978 and 1981 by Metro-Cammell. Two versions have been produced: the Class 230 diesel electric multiple unit and the Class 484 electric multiple unit.

British Rail Class 484
The British Rail Class 484 D-Train is a class of electric multiple unit built by rolling stock manufacturer Vivarail which operates on the Island Line on the Isle of Wight. Based on the British Rail Class 230 diesel multiple unit, the units are part of the Vivarail D-Train family, converted from London Underground D78 Stock originally manufactured in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Metro-Cammell.

Five units have been converted for the Island Line to replace the Class 483 sets, with the first delivered for testing in late 2020 and the second in May 2021. The line closed in January 2021 for upgrade works and was originally scheduled to reopen on 1 April 2021 with the new fleet of trains, but delayed infrastructure work as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic extended the shutdown period by six weeks to 13 May 2021, and then problems with software on the trains further delayed their introduction. The line reopened to passengers using the Class 484 stock on 1 November 2021.
Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey
Gaspar de Zúñiga Acevedo y Fonseca, 5th Count of Monterrey (1560 – March 16, 1606) was a Spanish nobleman who was the ninth viceroy of New Spain. He governed from November 5, 1595, to October 26, 1603. From January 18, 1604, until his death in 1606, he was viceroy of Peru.

Juan de Mendoza y Luna, Marquis of Montesclaros
Juan de Mendoza y Luna, 3rd Marquess of Montesclaros (January, 1571 – October 9, 1628) was a Spanish nobleman, man of letters, and the tenth viceroy of New Spain. He governed from October 27, 1603 to July 2, 1607. Thereafter he was viceroy of Peru, from December 21, 1607 to December 18, 1615. After returning to Spain, he became advisor to the king and a high official in the Court.
Penmere Manor Hotel, Cornwall
Penmere Manor Hotel near Falmouth, Cornwall, is a house of historical significance and is Grade II listed on the English Heritage Register. It was built in about 1825 by a wealthy sea captain and was the home of numerous notable people over the next 150 years. It is now a hotel which provides accommodation and restaurant facilities and has a leisure club.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
The World Is Flat
The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century is a 2005 book by American political commentator Thomas L. Friedman. It analyzes globalization in the early 21st century, suggesting that the world has a level playing field where countries, companies, and individuals need to remain competitive in a global market. It won the inaugural Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award in 2005.

Thomas L. Friedman
Thomas Loren Friedman (/ˈfriːdmən/ FREED-mən; born July 20, 1953) is an American political commentator and author. He is a three-time Pulitzer Prize winner who is a weekly columnist for The New York Times. He has written extensively on foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues.

Friedman began his career as a reporter and won two Pulitzer Prizes in the 1980s for his coverage on conflict in Lebanon and politics in Israel, followed by a further prize in 2002 for commentary on the war on terror.
Mark Renshaw
Mark Renshaw (born 22 October 1982) is a retired Australian racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2004 and 2019 for the Française des Jeux, Crédit Agricole, HTC–Highroad, Belkin Pro Cycling, Etixx–Quick-Step and Team Dimension Data teams. His most notable wins are the general classification of the 2011 Tour of Qatar, and the one-day race Clásica de Almería in 2013.

From 2009 to 2011 and from 2014 until his retirement, Renshaw was known as the main lead-out man for fellow sprinter Mark Cavendish at HTC–Highroad, Etixx–Quick-Step and Team Dimension Data.

Team Qhubeka NextHash
Team Qhubeka (UCI team code: TQA) was a UCI WorldTeam based in South Africa. The team rode to raise awareness and funds for Qhubeka, a South African not-for-profit organisation. The team was founded in 2007 and was the first-ever African team to ride the Tour de France (2015).
Richard H. Small
Richard H. Small (born 1935) is an American scientist, who has worked mainly in the field of electroacoustics. He is known for the commonly used Thiele/Small parameters for loudspeaker enclosure design, which are named after Small and his colleague Neville Thiele.

Neville Thiele
Albert Neville Thiele, OAM (4 December 1920 – 1 October 2012), was an Australian audio engineer. Thiele was born in Brisbane, Australia. He was particularly noted for his work on electronic filters and on developing the Thiele/Small parameters for characterising loudspeakers as an aid to loudspeaker cabinet design.
Philosophy of happiness
The philosophy of happiness is the philosophical concern with the existence, nature, and attainment of happiness. Some philosophers believe happiness can be understood as the moral goal of life or as an aspect of chance; indeed, in most European languages the term happiness is synonymous with luck. Thus, philosophers usually explicate on happiness as either a state of mind, or a life that goes well for the person leading it. Given the pragmatic concern for the attainment of happiness, research in psychology has guided many modern-day philosophers in developing their theories.

Happiness
Happiness is a complex and multifaceted emotion that encompasses a range of positive feelings, from contentment to intense joy. It is often associated with positive life experiences, such as achieving goals, spending time with loved ones, or engaging in enjoyable activities. However, happiness can also arise spontaneously, without any apparent external cause.

Happiness is closely linked to well-being and overall life satisfaction. Studies have shown that individuals who experience higher levels of happiness tend to have better physical and mental health, stronger social relationships, and greater resilience in the face of adversity.

The pursuit of happiness has been a central theme in philosophy and psychology for centuries. While there is no single, universally accepted definition of happiness, it is generally understood to be a state of mind characterized by positive emotions, a sense of purpose, and a feeling of fulfillment.