hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Beatles (terrorist cell)
"The Beatles" was the nickname for an Islamic State cell composed of four British militants. The terrorist group was named by their hostages after the English rock group The Beatles, referring to the members as "John", "Paul", "George", and "Ringo".

The group carried out the 2014 beheadings in Iraq and Syria of American journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff, and British aid workers David Haines and Alan Henning. The group also held more than 20 Western hostages of ISIS in Western Raqqa, Syria. They were reportedly harsher than other ISIS guards, torturing captives with electroshock weapons and subjecting them to mock executions (including a crucifixion) and waterboarding.

In November 2015, one of the militants was killed and one was arrested and imprisoned in Turkey. Two were captured in early 2018, transferred to U.S. military custody, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the U.S. in 2022.

Aine Davis
Aine Lesley Davis (born 11 February 1984), also known as Jihadi Paul, is a British convert to Islam who was convicted in a Turkish court of being a member of a terrorist group while serving as a fighter for the ISIL.
Leichhardt, New South Wales
Leichhardt (/laɪkɑːrt/) is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Leichhardt is located 5 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district (CBD) and is the administrative centre for the local government area (LGA) of the Inner West Council. The suburb is bordered by Haberfield to the west, Annandale to the east, Lilyfield to the north and Petersham, Lewisham and Stanmore to the south.

Lilyfield, New South Wales
Lilyfield is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Lilyfield is located 6 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Inner West Council.

Lilyfield is nestled in between the suburbs of Annandale, Rozelle and Leichhardt and is bounded to the west by Iron Cove. Originally a working-class area, today Lilyfield like many inner-city suburbs is becoming increasingly gentrified. Property investors, eager to capitalise on the suburb's proximity to the Sydney CBD, have purchased many of the original workers' cottages to renovate or develop.
Rolls-Royce Spey
The Rolls-Royce Spey (company designations RB.163 and RB.168 and RB.183) is a low-bypass turbofan engine originally designed and manufactured by Rolls-Royce that has been in widespread service for over 40 years. A co-development version of the Spey between Rolls-Royce and Allison in the 1960s is the Allison TF41.

Intended for the smaller civilian jet airliner market when it was being designed in the late 1950s, the Spey concept was also used in various military engines, and later as a turboshaft engine for ships known as the Marine Spey, and even as the basis for a new civilian line, the Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay.

Aviation versions of the base model Spey have accumulated over 50 million hours of flight time. In keeping with Rolls-Royce naming practices, the engine is named after the River Spey.

Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay
The Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay is a medium-bypass turbofan engine, developed from the RB.183 Mk 555 Spey core and using a fan scaled directly from the Rolls-Royce RB.211-535E4 to produce versions with a bypass ratio of 3.1:1 or greater. The IP compressor and LP turbine were designed using technology from the RB.211 programme. The engine was first run in August 1984. The Tay 650 had a new HP turbine which incorporated new technology which had been proven with the RB.211-535E4. This engine also had a new combustor for improved durability.
The Tay family is used on a number of airliners and larger business jets, including the Gulfstream IV family, Fokker 70 and Fokker 100, with a later version being used to re-engine Boeing 727-100s.
Free loop
In the mathematical field of topology, a free loop is a variant of the notion of a loop.  Whereas a loop has a distinguished point on it, called its basepoint, a free loop lacks such a distinguished point.  Formally, let  be a topological space.  Then a free loop in  is an equivalence class of continuous functions from the circle  to .  Two loops are equivalent if they differ by a reparameterization of the circle.  That is,  if there exists a homeomorphism  such that

Thus, a free loop, as opposed to a based loop used in the definition of the fundamental group, is a map from the circle to the space without the basepoint-preserving restriction.  Assuming the space is path-connected, free homotopy classes of free loops correspond to conjugacy classes in the fundamental group.

Recently, interest in the space of all free loops  has grown with the advent of string topology, i.e. the study of new algebraic structures on the homology of the free loop space.

Loop (topology)
In mathematics, a loop in a topological space X is a continuous function f from the unit interval I = [0,1] to X such that f(0) = f(1). In other words, it is a path whose initial point is equal to its terminal point.

A loop may also be seen as a continuous map f from the pointed unit circle S1 into X, because S1 may be regarded as a quotient of I under the identification of 0 with 1.

The set of all loops in X forms a space called the loop space of X.
S.Coups
Choi Seung-cheol (Korean: 최승철; born 8 August 1995), known professionally by his stage name S.Coups (에스쿱스), is a South Korean rapper, singer, and songwriter. Managed by Pledis Entertainment, he is the leader of the South Korean boy band Seventeen and its hip hop team, and in 2025 debuted in a sub-unit with Mingyu as CxM.

Mingyu
Kim Min-gyu (Korean: 김민규; born April 6, 1997), known mononymously as Mingyu (민규), is a South Korean rapper and singer. Managed by Pledis Entertainment, he is a member of the South Korean boy band Seventeen and its hip hop team, and in 2025, debuted in a sub-unit with S.Coups as CxM.
Heracleum persicum
Heracleum persicum, commonly known as Persian hogweed or by its native name golpar (Persian: گلپر), is a species of hogweed, a perennial herbaceous plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It grows wild in humid mountainous regions in Iran and some adjacent areas. Having been introduced in the 1830s, it has spread across Scandinavia. It is now very common in northern Norway, where one of its names is Tromsø palm (after the city of Tromsø).

The plant has also been spotted in Sweden. In Finland, it has been declared an invasive species.

Persian hogweed is a polycarpic perennial, that is, a mature plant flowers and bears fruit season after season.

Heracleum (plant)
Heracleum, known colloquially as hogweed, is a genus of biennial and perennial herbs in the carrot family Apiaceae. They are found throughout the temperate northern hemisphere and in high mountains as far south as Ethiopia. Common names for the genus or its species include cow parsnip, cogweed and keck.

The genus name Heracleum was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It derives from the Ancient Greek Ἡράκλειος (Hērákleios) "of Heracles", referring to the mythological hero.
Tipton
Tipton is an industrial Black Country town in the metropolitan borough of Sandwell, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It had a population of 38,777 at the 2011 UK Census. It is located northwest of Birmingham and southeast of Wolverhampton. It is also contiguous with Darlaston, Dudley, Wednesbury and Bilston.

Historically within Staffordshire and briefly Worcestershire. It is located between Wolverhampton and Birmingham. It incorporates the surrounding villages and suburbs of Tipton Green, Ocker Hill, Dudley Port, Horseley Heath and Great Bridge.

Tipton was an urban district until 1938, when it became a municipal borough. Much of the Borough of Tipton was transferred into West Bromwich County Borough in 1966, but parts of the old borough were absorbed into an expanded Dudley borough and the newly created County Borough of Warley. Along with the rest of West Bromwich and Warley, Tipton was moved into the Sandwell Metropolitan Borough in 1974.

Great Bridge, West Midlands
Great Bridge is a historic village and district of Tipton in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell in the metropolitan county of the West Midlands, England. It is situated near the towns of Dudley, West Bromwich and Wednesbury.
Penge
Penge (/pɛndʒ/) is a suburb of South East London, England, now in the London Borough of Bromley, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Bromley, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north east of Croydon and 7.1 miles (11.4 km) south east of Charing Cross.

Bromley
Bromley is a large town in Greater London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It is 9+1⁄2 miles (15 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross, and had an estimated population of 88,000 as of 2023.

Originally part of Kent, Bromley became a market town, chartered in 1158. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the shift from an agrarian village to an urban town. As part of the growth of London's conurbation in the 20th century, Bromley Town significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903 and became part of the London Borough of Bromley in 1965. Bromley today forms a major retail and commercial centre. It is identified in the London Plan as one of the 13 metropolitan centres of Greater London.
John Donelson
John Donelson (1718–1785) was an American frontiersman, ironmaster, politician, city planner, and explorer. After founding and operating what became Washington Iron Furnace in Franklin County, Virginia for several years, he moved with his family to Middle Tennessee which was on the developing frontier. There, together with James Robertson, Donelson co-founded the frontier settlement of Fort Nashborough. This later developed as the city of Nashville, Tennessee.

Donelson and his wife Rachel had eleven children, four of them girls. Their tenth was daughter Rachel, whose second husband Andrew Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States in 1828.

James Robertson (explorer)
James Robertson (June 28, 1742 – September 1, 1814) was an American frontiersman, soldier and agent in deaking with the Native Americans, and one of the founding fathers of what became the State of Tennessee. An early companion of frontiersman Daniel Boone, Robertson helped establish the Watauga Association in the early 1770s, and to defend Fort Watauga from an attack by Cherokee in 1776.  In 1779, he co-founded what is now Nashville, and was instrumental in the settlement of Middle Tennessee.  He served as a brigadier general in the Southwest Territory militia in the early 1790s, and as an Indian Commissioner in later life.
John IV Crispo
John IV Crispo or Giovanni IV (1500-1564), was the sovereign Duke of the Archipelago, ruling from 1517, when he succeeded Francesco III Crispo (r. 1500–11). He was succeeded in 1564 by the last Duke, Giacomo IV Crispo.

Giacomo IV Crispo
Giacomo IV Crispo (died 1576) was the last Duke of the Archipelago from 1564 to 1566.

He succeeded his father, Giovanni IV Crispo (r. 1517–64). In reality, he acknowledged himself in a letter from 1565 that he had little power: "We are now tributaries of the great emperor, Sultan Suleyman, and we are in evil plight, because of the difficulties of the times; for now necessity reigns with embarrassment and pain for her ministers; and, like plenipotentiaries or commissioners of others, we husband our opportunities as fate doth ordain."

When the duchy was attributed to Joseph Nasi in 1566, he fled to Venice, to which he ceded his titles to the duchy and whose service he entered. He served as an officer in the Ottoman–Venetian War of 1570–1573 over Cyprus and died in Venice in 1576.

He was married to Cecilia Sommaripa and had three daughters and three sons.
Deepin
deepin (Chinese: 深度操作系统; pinyin: Shēndù Cāozuò-xìtǒng; formerly known as Linux Deepin and Hiweed Linux) is a Linux distribution, formerly based on Ubuntu and Debian, that features the Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE), a desktop environment built on Qt and available for a variety of distributions. The Deepin userbase is predominantly Chinese, though DDE is in most prominent Linux distributions' repositories as an alternative desktop environment. The company behind the development, Deepin Technology, a wholly owned subsidiary of UnionTech (统信软件), is based in Wuhan, China.

Unity Operating System
Unity Operating System (also known as Unified Operating System or UOS, Chinese: 统一操作系统) is a Linux distribution developed by UnionTech (Chinese: 统信软件, Tǒngxìn) based on Deepin, which is based on Debian. It is used in China as part of a government initiative beginning in 2019 to replace foreign-made software such as Microsoft Windows with domestic products.
Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved 2
Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved 2 is a multidirectional shooter developed by Bizarre Creations and published by Microsoft Game Studios and Activision. It was released on Xbox Live Arcade on July 30, 2008 as a sequel to 
Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved. It was followed by Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions, a sequel published in 2014 by Lucid Games, which was founded by former members of Bizarre Creations.

Geometry Wars
Geometry Wars is a series of top-down multi-directional shooter video games  developed by Bizarre Creations, and, later, Lucid Games. Originally published by Microsoft Games Studios, the first title was included as a minigame in Project Gotham Racing 2 for Xbox. An updated version was released in 2005 as a launch title for Xbox 360 and later ported to Windows. Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved 2, the second installment in the series, was released for the Xbox 360 in 2008.

Other titles in the series were launched in following years to other platforms by Bizarre Creations and publishers Vivendi Games and Activision. The latest entry in the series, Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions, was developed by Lucid Games and launched in 2014.

On 13 October 2023, Microsoft reacquired the game series as part of its  acquisition of Activision Blizzard.
Clan MacDuff
Clan MacDuff or Clan Duff is a Lowland Scottish clan. The clan does not currently have a chief and is therefore considered an armigerous clan, which is registered with the Lyon Court. The early chiefs of Clan MacDuff were the original Earls of Fife, although this title went to the Stewarts of Albany in the late fourteenth century. The title returned to the MacDuff chief when William Duff was made Earl Fife in 1759. His descendant Alexander Duff was made Duke of Fife in 1889.

Earl of Fife
The Earl of Fife or Mormaer of Fife was the ruler of the province of Fife in medieval Scotland, which encompassed the modern counties of Fife and Kinross.  Due to their royal ancestry, the earls of Fife were the highest ranking nobles in the realm, and had the right to crown the king of Scots.

Held by the MacDuff family until it passed by resignation to the Stewarts, the earldom ended on the forfeiture and execution of Murdoch Stewart in 1425. The earldom  was revived in 1759 with the style of Earl Fife for William Duff, a descendant of the MacDuffs. His great-great-grandson, the 6th Earl Fife, was made Earl of Fife in 1885 and Duke of Fife in 1889.
Kalkara
Kalkara (Maltese: Il-Kalkara) is a village in the Port Region of Malta, with a population of 3,014 as of March 2014. The name is derived from the Latin word for lime (Calce), and it is believed that there was a lime kiln present there since Roman times. Kalkara forms part of the inner harbour area and occupies the area around Kalkara Creek. The town has its own Local Council and is bordered by the cities of Birgu and Żabbar, as well as the town of Xgħajra.

Żabbar
Żabbar (Maltese: Ħaż-Żabbar [ħɐzːɐˈbːɐːr]), also known as Città Hompesch, is a city in the Port Region of Malta. It is the seventh largest city in the country, with an estimated population of 15,648 as of January 2021. Originally a part of Żejtun, Żabbar was granted the title of Città Hompesch by the last of the Grand Masters of the Order of St. John to reign in Malta, Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim.
While You Were Out (TV series)
While You Were Out is an American reality series that aired episodes on the cable channel TLC. The format of the show is similar to TLC's  Trading Spaces (which, in turn, is based on the BBC TV series Changing Rooms). While You Were Out adds a suspenseful gimmick by keeping the entire redecoration a secret from the homeowner.

The series was revived in 2019, as a collaboration between TLC and new sister network HGTV.

Trading Spaces
Trading Spaces is  an hour-long American television reality program that originally aired from 2000 to 2008 on the cable channels TLC and Discovery Home. The format of the show was based on the BBC TV series Changing Rooms.  The first iteration ran for eight seasons. A revival began airing on April 7, 2018, with several team members of the original run returning.
KBIA
KBIA (91.3 FM), is a National Public Radio-member station in Columbia, Missouri. It carries regional news coverage, locally produced news shows, original talk shows, as well as NPR news programs including All Things Considered and Morning Edition. KBIA has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most stations in the U.S.

The station is owned by the University of Missouri, and operates its own independent newsroom. The stations hosts Broadcast and Radio students from the Missouri School of Journalism. KBIA also operates satellite stations KKTR 89.7 in Kirksville (owned by Truman State University), and KAUD 90.5 in Mexico, Missouri.

KBIA also broadcasts three HD Radio services: KBIA2, which airs classical music (that is simulcast on KMUC); and KBIA3, which airs an AAA format and carries normal KBIA programming when the main service airs special coverage.

KMUC
KMUC (90.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classical music format. Licensed to Columbia, Missouri, United States, the station is owned by the University of Missouri, alongside NPR affiliate KBIA and NBC affiliate KOMU-TV.

The program Mizzou Music runs weekly featuring interviews and performances by faculty and students of the University of Missouri School of Music.
Asano Nagayuki
Asano Nagayuki (June 27, 1864 – April 23, 1947) was the 28th family head of the Asano clan, which ruled over Hiroshima Domain before 1871.

He was cousin of the last feudal lord (daimyō) of Hiroshima Domain Asano Nagakoto, and succeeded him as head of the Asano family upon his death in 1937.

Asano Nagakoto
Marquis Asano Nagakoto (浅野 長勲, August 28, 1842 – February 1, 1937) was a daimyō of Hiroshima Domain for a short time after the Meiji Restoration.  For the rest of the Meiji period, he was a politician and diplomat, and was one of the last surviving Japanese daimyō (Hayashi Tadataka and Wakebe Mitsunori outlived him).
Ministry of War of Württemberg
The Ministry of War of Württemberg (German: Württembergisches Kriegsministerium) was a ministry of the Kingdom of Württemberg, that existed from 1806 to 1919. It was located in Stuttgart at Olgastraße 13.

Kingdom of Württemberg
The Kingdom of Württemberg (German: Königreich Württemberg [ˌkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that later became Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806.
Actinidia arguta
Actinidia arguta is a perennial vine native to Japan, Korea, Northern China, and the Russian Far East. The fruit is known as kiwiberry or hardy kiwi, which are small kiwifruits without the hair-like fiber covering the outside, unlike most other species of the genus.

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
Guanacaste Conservation Area
Guanacaste Conservation Area is an administrative area which is managed by the Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservacion (SINAC) of Costa Rica for conservation in the northwestern part of Costa Rica. It contains three national parks, as well as wildlife refuges and other nature reserves. The area contains the Area de Conservación Guanacaste World Heritage Site, which comprises four areas.

National System of Conservation Areas
National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC, Spanish: Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación) is part of the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE) of Costa Rica. It is the administrator for the nation's national parks, conservation areas, and other protected natural areas.

Created in 1994, it combined three previously separate organisations that had managed laws relating to national parks, wildlife, and forestry.
Keichō
Keichō (慶長) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") after Bunroku and before Genna. This period spanned from October 1596 to July 1615. The reigning emperors were Go-Yōzei-tennō (後陽成天皇) and Go-Mizunoo-tennō (後水尾天皇).

Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Kotohito (Japanese: 政仁; IPA: [ko̞to̞çito̞]; 29 June 1596 – 11 September 1680, posthumously honored as Emperor Go-Mizunoo (後水尾天皇, Gomizunō Tennō; [ɡo̞mʲizɨno̞ː tẽ̞nːo̞ː]), was the 108th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.: 113–115  Go-Mizunoo's reign spanned the years from 1611 through 1629, and he was the first emperor to reign entirely during the Edo period.

This 17th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Seiwa, sometimes posthumously referred to as Mizunoo (水尾) because this is the location of his tomb, while go translates as "later", and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Mizunoo". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one", and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Mizunoo, the second" or "Mizunoo II".
John Wendell MacLean
John Wendell MacLean CV from Inverness, Nova Scotia, was posthumously awarded the Cross of Valour, Canada's highest civilian decoration for bravery on October 30, 1992 after saving his wife, son and grandson from a burning house trailer in Inverness County, Nova Scotia.

Cross of Valour (Canada)
The Cross of Valour (French: Croix de la vaillance) is a decoration that is, within the Canadian system of honours, the second-highest award (surpassed only by the Victoria Cross), the highest honour available for Canadian civilians, and the highest of the three Canadian Bravery Decorations. Created in 1972, it is presented to individuals, both Canadian and foreign, living and deceased, who have performed acts of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme peril. Recipients are allowed to use the post-nominal letters CV.
Elton John's Greatest Hits Vol. 3
Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume III is the twenty-seventh album released by British musician Elton John. Released in 1987, 10 years after Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II, the compilation album features his greatest hits from 1979 to 1986 and was made available only in the United States and Canada. All of the songs featured had previously been released on a previous album.

Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II
Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II is the sixteenth official album release for British musician Elton John, and the second compilation. The original 1977 US version features one song from 1971 and two songs from 1974 that were not on the first greatest hits album. It also features several hit songs from 1975 and two hit singles from John's past year of performing in 1976. The cover photograph was taken by Gered Mankowitz.