hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Squatting in Chile
Squatting in Chile is the occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner. From the 1960s onwards, informal settlements known as callampas were permitted although there were also evictions such as the massacre of Puerto Montt in 1969. In the 1970s, the government of Salvador Allende encouraged occupations, then following the coup d'état, the military junta repressed squatting. Callampas then became known as campamentos.

In the 1990s a program was begun to house all people living shanty towns. By 2007, 85.5% of the squatters identified in 1996 had been housed although there were also 20,000 new squatters. In 2018, there were 822 campamentos in which 46,423 families lived. Squatting is also used as a tactic by migrants occupying land near the Peruvian border, by indigenous Rapa Nui people on Easter Island and by anarchists in the capital Santiago.

Campamento (Chile)
In Chile, the term campamento (camp or tent city) is used to refer to shanty towns that emerged rapidly between the 1960s and 1980s. Synonymous terms for campamentos include "villas miserias" (misery slums), "colonias populares" (popular colonies), and "barrios marginales" (marginal neighborhoods).
David Paich
David Frank Paich (born June 25, 1954) is an American keyboardist, singer, and songwriter, best known as the co-founder, principal songwriter, keyboardist, and secondary vocalist of the rock band Toto since 1977. He wrote or co-wrote much of Toto's original material, including the band's three most popular songs: "Hold the Line", "Rosanna", and "Africa". With Toto, Paich has contributed to 17 albums and sold over 40 million records. He and guitarist and singer Steve Lukather are the only members to appear on every studio album (Steve Porcaro contributed to every studio album as well, but was not an official member of the band from 1987 to 2010).

In addition, Paich has worked as a songwriter, session musician, and producer with a host of artists including  Boz Scaggs, Cheryl Lynn, George Benson, Helen Reddy and Michael Jackson.

Paich is the son of jazz composer, musician, and arranger Marty Paich.

Cheryl Lynn
Cheryl Lynn (born Lynda Cheryl Smith; March 11, 1957) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She is best known for her songs during the late 1970s through the mid-1980s, including the 1978 R&B/disco song "Got to Be Real" from her album Cheryl Lynn.
Piedmont Airlines Flight 230
Piedmont Airlines Flight 230 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight within the United States of America operating from Louisville International Airport in Kentucky to Roanoke–Blacksburg Regional Airport in West Virginia with stopovers at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport and Charleston-Kanawha County Airport.: 4  On August 10, 1968, the aircraft operating the route, a Fairchild Hiller FH-227B crashed at approximately 08:57 local time, 360 ft short of runway 23 at Charleston, killing 35 of the 37 people on board.

Fairchild F-27
The Fairchild F-27 and Fairchild Hiller FH-227 are versions of the Fokker F27 Friendship twin-engined, turboprop, passenger aircraft formerly manufactured under license by Fairchild Hiller in the United States. The Fairchild F-27 was similar to the standard Fokker F27, while the FH-227 was an independently developed, stretched version.
Mercedes Martinez
Jazmin Benitez (born November 17, 1980), better known by her ring name Mercedes Martinez, is an American professional wrestler. She is known for her time in All Elite Wrestling (AEW), Ring of Honor (ROH), and WWE.

Prior to going to WWE in 2020, Martinez was a mainstay on the independent circuit, winning numerous titles - including three WSU Championships, two Shimmer Championships, one Shine Championship and one Phoenix of Rise Championship.

Athena (wrestler)
Adrienne Palmer (née Reese; born August 31, 1988) is an American professional wrestler who is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where she performs under the ring name Athena. She primarily appears in AEW's sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), where she is the leader of the M.I.T stable and the current ROH Women's World Champion in her first reign; at 1176 days, she is the longest-reigning champion in ROH history. She also makes appearances on the independent circuit.

She is also known for her time in WWE, where she worked under the name Ember Moon, where she is a former NXT Women's Tag Team Champion and a former NXT Women's Champion. Before going to WWE, she wrestled on the independent circuit as Athena for promotions such as Shimmer Women Athletes or, Women Superstars Uncensored.
Squid Game season 3
The third and final season of the South Korean dystopian survival thriller television series Squid Game, marketed as Squid Game 3 (Korean: 오징어 게임 3) and created by writer and director Hwang Dong-hyuk, was released on Netflix on June 27, 2025.

The season stars Lee Jung-jae, Lee Byung-hun, Wi Ha-joon, Yim Si-wan, Kang Ha-neul, Park Gyu-young, Park Sung-hoon, Yang Dong-geun, Kang Ae-shim, Jo Yu-ri, Lee David, and Roh Jae-won. In the season, Seong Gi-hun and the players fight for survival in ever-deadlier games. In-ho welcomes the VIPs while his brother Jun-ho continues the search for the island, unaware of a traitor in their midst. The season received positive reviews from critics.

Squid Game season 2
The second season of South Korean dystopian survival thriller television series Squid Game, marketed as Squid Game 2 (Korean: 오징어 게임 2) and created by writer and director Hwang Dong-hyuk, was released on Netflix on December 26, 2024.

Four days after its premiere, the second season had set new streaming records with 68 million views, exceeding the highest premiere viewership for Netflix held by the first season of Wednesday at 50.1 million views during its premiere week. 
According to Netflix, the season ranked at No. 1 in 92 countries. It garnered positive reviews from critics. A third and final season, which was filmed back-to-back with the second season, was released on June 27, 2025.
Andrus Murumets
Andrus Murumets (born 20 July 1978) is an Estonian strongman and entrant to the World's Strongest Man contest. He reached 5th in the World Rankings according to the IFSA rankings in 2008.

Andrus competed in the IFSA World Championships in 2005 finishing 4th, 5th in 2006 and 5th in 2007. Andrus has competed in the Arnold Strongman Classic 3 times, his best finish was 3rd in 2007. In 2009 he became the overall champion of the Strongman Champions League.

He has been described by Svend Karlsen as having the strongest grip in the world. Having competed in 40 International strongman competitions and winning 6 of them, Andrus is among the 50 most decorated strongmen of all time.

Murumets lives near Tallinn in Üksnurme, Saku Parish. Since May 2011 Murumets is working as a police officer.

Arnold Strongman Classic
The Arnold Strongman Classic is an annual strongman competition featuring strength athletes from all over the world, determining who is the Strongest Man in the world. Jointly created by Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jim Lorimer and Terry Todd in 2002, it is a prominent offshoot of the Arnold Sports Festival which takes place annually in Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Widely regarded as the heaviest and the most difficult strongman competition in the world the Arnold Strongman Classic has been won by only 9 men in history. Among them, the Lithuanian Žydrūnas Savickas has won it 8 times, while the American Brian Shaw, the Icelander Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson and the Canadian Mitchell Hooper have won it 3 times each. Three of the past champions: American Mark Henry, Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson and Brian Shaw have been inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame.
Ronnie Musgrove
David Ronald Musgrove (born July 29, 1956) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 62nd governor of Mississippi from 2000 to 2004. A Democrat, he previously served as the 29th lieutenant governor of Mississippi from 1996 to 2000 under Governor Kirk Fordice. As governor, Musgrove had a conservative record.

He was the Democratic nominee in the 2008 special election for one of Mississippi's seats in the United States Senate, losing to incumbent Senator Roger Wicker.

Musgrove is a principal at a public affairs consulting firm, Politics. In 2014, he became founding partner of a new law firm in Jackson, Mississippi, Musgrove/Smith Law. As of 2025, he is the most recent Democrat to hold the office of Governor of Mississippi.

2008 United States Senate special election in Mississippi
The 2008 United States Senate special election in Mississippi was held on November 4, 2008. This election was held on the same day of Thad Cochran's re-election bid in the regularly scheduled Class II election. The winner of this special election served the rest of the Senate term, which ended in January 2013. Unlike most Senate elections, this was a non-partisan election in which the candidate who got a majority of the vote won, and if the first-place candidate did not get 50%, a runoff election with the top two candidates would have been held. In the election, no runoff was necessary as Republican nominee and incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Roger Wicker won election to finish the term.
Living in a Box
Living in a Box are a British band founded in 1985. The group's 1987 eponymous debut single reached No. 5 on the UK singles chart and was a top-20 hit in the United States on the Billboard Hot 100. Their 1989 single "Room in Your Heart" also reached No. 5 in the UK.

The group, which formerly included vocalist Richard Darbyshire, currently consists of founding members Anthony "Tich" Critchlow (drums) and Marcus Vere (keyboards, synthesizers) along with new vocalist Bryan Chambers.

Living in a Box (song)
"Living in a Box" is a song by the British band of the same name, released on 23 March 1987 as their debut single from their self-titled debut album. It was the group's biggest hit single along with "Room in Your Heart" (1989), both reaching No. 5 on the UK Singles Chart. "Living in a Box" became the group's only top-40 hit in the United States, peaking at No. 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was later covered by Bobby Womack; his version reached No. 70 in the UK.
Baie Comeau (2012 ship)
Baie Comeau is the fourth and last self-unloading lake freighter in Canada Steamship Lines (CSL) Trillium class. Like her sister ships, Baie St. Paul, Thunder Bay, and Whitefish Bay she was built in China, being launched in 2012 and entered service in 2013.

Lake freighter
Lake freighters, or lakers, are bulk carriers operating on the Great Lakes of North America. These vessels are traditionally called boats, although classified as ships. Freighters typically have a long, narrow hull, a raised pilothouse, and the engine located at the rear of the ship.

Lakers have been used since the late 19th century to haul raw material from docks in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence Seaway regions to the industrial centers of Ontario, Quebec, and the American Midwest. The navigation season typically runs from late March through next mid-January due to the formation of ice on the lakes.

The largest lake freighters can travel up to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) and can carry as much as 78,850 long tons (80,120 t) of bulk cargo.

SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which sank in 1975, became widely known as the largest  vessel to be wrecked on the Great Lakes.
KJ Simpson
Kenneth Dwayne "KJ" Simpson Jr. (born August 8, 2002) is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Grand Rapids Gold of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Colorado Buffaloes.

Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball
The Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball team represents the University of Colorado Boulder. The team competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I.  They are currently coached by Tad Boyle.

The Buffaloes have competed in sixteen NCAA Tournaments, most recently appearing in 2024. Colorado made it to the Final Four in 1942 and 1955. Colorado has played in eleven National Invitation Tournaments, winning the tournament in 1940 and making the semifinals in 1991 and 2011. The Buffs won the Pac-12 conference tournament in 2012, their first season as a member.
Snowdon station
Snowdon station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and is a transfer station between the Orange Line and Blue Line; it is the western terminus of the Blue Line. It is located in the Snowdon neighbourhood. The town of Hampstead is located nearby to the west, across Macdonald Avenue; one emergency exit from the station extends into Hampstead.

The station opened on September 7, 1981 with service on the Orange Line only, though the Blue Line platforms were built at the same time. At the time it was the western terminus of the Orange Line, taking over from Place-Saint-Henri station; it is thus the only station to have been the terminus of two different lines. Service on the Blue Line began on January 4, 1988.

Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (French: [kot de nɛːʒ nɔtʁə dam də ɡʁɑs], locally [koʊ̯t de naɪ̯ʒ nɔtʁ̥œ̈ dam dœ̈ ɡʁɑːs]) is a borough (arrondissement) of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The borough was created following the 2002 municipal reorganization of Montreal. It comprises two main neighbourhoods, Côte-des-Neiges and Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, both former towns that were annexed by the city of Montreal in 1910.

Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is the most populous borough of Montreal, with a population of 170,583  according to the 2021 Census. It is an ethnically diverse borough, and there is also a large student population due to the presence of two universities, Université de Montréal and the Loyola campus of Concordia University.
Comstock Records
Comstock Records is an independent American record label. Established and managed by Frank Fara and Patty Parker, Comstock achieved international success in the 1980s and 1990s by producing country music records for international artists. Several Comstock artists charted nationally and internationally, and many were nominated for Country Music awards.

Frank Fafara
Frank Fafara (a.k.a. Frank Fara) was a teen rocker in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Phoenix, Arizona where he achieved regional fame. As an adult he changed his last name to "Fara" and toured across North America with his Country music road show, The Frank Fara Show featuring Patty Parker. After touring for five years, he and Parker married and founded Comstock Records, an independent American record label.
Torrensville, South Australia
Torrensville is a western suburb 3 km (1.9 mi) west of the centre of Adelaide, South Australia. It was named after Irish-born economist and chairman of the South Australian Colonisation Commission, Robert Torrens.

Torrensville is in the City of West Torrens local government area, the South Australian House of Assembly electoral district of West Torrens and the Australian House of Representatives Division of Hindmarsh. The area has a high proportion of Greek-Australians.

Revitalisation of the Adelaide's inner suburbs in the 2000s has made Henley Beach Road a vibrant shopping area with many cafes and restaurants.

Robert Torrens (economist)
Robert Torrens FRS (1780 – 27 May 1864) was a Royal Marines officer, political economist, part-owner of the influential Globe newspaper, and a prolific writer. He also chaired the board of the London-based South Australian Colonisation Commission created by the South Australia Act 1834 to oversee the new colony of South Australia, before the colony went bankrupt and he was sacked in 1841. He was chiefly known for championing the cause for emigration to the new colony, and his name lives on in Adelaide's main river, the Torrens, the suburb of Torrensville and a few other places.

He is sometimes referred to as Colonel Robert Torrens, but his final army rank is disputed in various sources. His son, Sir Robert Richard Torrens, spent many years in South Australia, even serving for a short time as the state Premier, and became known for his land reform.
French Turn
The French Turn was the name given to the entry between 1934 and 1936 of the French Trotskyists into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, the contemporary name of the French Socialist Party). The French Turn was repeated by Trotskyists in other countries during the 1930s.

Entryism
Entryism (also called entrism, enterism, infiltration, a French Turn, boring from within, or boring-from-within) is a political strategy in which an organization or state encourages its members or supporters to join another, usually larger, organization in an attempt to expand influence and expand their ideas and program. If the organization being "entered" is hostile to entryism, the entryists may engage in a degree of subterfuge and subversion to hide the fact that they are an organization in their own right.
Yang–Mills flow
In differential geometry, the Yang–Mills flow is a gradient flow described by the Yang–Mills equations, hence a method to describe a gradient descent of the Yang–Mills action functional. Simply put, the Yang–Mills flow is a path always going in the direction of steepest descent, similar to the path of a ball rolling down a hill. This helps to find critical points, called Yang–Mills connections or instantons, which solve the Yang–Mills equations, as well as to study their stability. Illustratively, they are the points on the hill on which the ball can rest.

The Yang–Mills flow is named after Yang Chen-Ning and Robert Mills, who formulated the underlying Yang–Mills theory in 1954, although it was first studied by Michael Atiyah and Raoul Bott in 1982. It was also studied by Simon Donaldson in the context of the Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence (or Donaldson–Uhlenbeck–Yau theorem).

Yang–Mills equations
In physics and mathematics, and especially differential geometry and gauge theory, the Yang–Mills equations are a system of partial differential equations for a connection on a vector bundle or principal bundle. They arise in physics as the Euler–Lagrange equations of the Yang–Mills action functional. They have also found significant use in mathematics.

Solutions of the equations are called Yang–Mills connections or instantons. The Yang–Mills moduli space was used by Simon Donaldson to prove Donaldson's theorem.
Port Sunlight
Port Sunlight is a model village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is located between Lower Bebington and New Ferry, on the Wirral Peninsula. Port Sunlight was built by Lever Brothers to accommodate workers in its soap factory (now part of Unilever); work commenced in 1888. The name is derived from Lever Brothers' most popular brand of cleaning agent, Sunlight.

Port Sunlight contains 900 Grade II listed buildings, and was declared a conservation area in 1978. Port Sunlight has been informally suggested for World Heritage Site (WHS) status to protect it from development and to preserve the unique character for future generations; however, it is not yet on the current UK "tentative list" for future consideration as a WHS. In the 2001 Census, its population was 1,450.

Model village
A model village is a mostly self-contained community, built from the late 18th century onwards by landowners and business magnates to house their workers. "Model" implies an ideal to which other developments could aspire. Although the villages are located close to the workplace, they are generally physically separated from them and often consist of relatively high-quality housing, with integrated community amenities and attractive physical environments.
John Tufton (cricketer)
John Tufton (23 November 1773 – 27 May 1799) was an English cricketer and a Member of Parliament (MP). He was a member of the aristocratic Tufton family that produced the Earls of Thanet and related through his mother to the Sackville family that produced the Dukes of Dorset.

As a cricketer, Tufton is known to have been active from 1793 to 1798 and is recorded in 74 matches by CricketArchive, 48 of which are designated. He represented numerous teams but is mainly associated with Marylebone Cricket Club, of which he was an early member at Lord's Old Ground. Tufton's batting hand and bowling speed are unknown, though he was primarily a batsman who bowled occasionally, always underarm. He scored 1,049 known runs with a highest score of 61 and is credited with fourteen wickets including a best performance of four in one innings.

Tufton was the MP for Appleby, Westmorland from 1796 until his death, aged 25, in 1799.

Appleby (UK Parliament constituency)
Appleby was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Westmorland in England. It existed for two separate periods: from 1295 to 1832, and from 1885 to 1918.

Appleby was enfranchised as parliamentary borough in 1295, and abolished by the Great Reform Act 1832. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) using the bloc vote system. It was represented in the House of Commons of England until the Acts of Union 1707, in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. Its best-known MP was William Pitt the Younger who became prime minister in 1783 at the age of 24.

For the 1885 general election the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 created a county constituency of the same name, which returned a single MP elected by the first-past-the-post system. The county constituency was abolished at the 1918 general election.
Nowe Castle
Nowe Castle (Polish: Zamek w Nowem, German: Burg Neuenburg) is a medieval castle in Nowe, Poland, located on the bank of the River Vistula by the Castle Square.

The castle was constructed in the second half of the fourteenth century, by the Teutonic Order for the Pomeranian castellans. The castle is located by the north-eastern part of Nowe. After 1465, the castle housed the residence of the Starosta of the House of Nowskiscy, the castle was largely destroyed by the Swedes during the Deluge. After the First Partition of Poland in 1787, Prussian authorities partially deconstructed the castle, but kept the main wing which was converted into an Evangelical Protestant Church. In the next century the castle was used as a warehouse and fire station. In the 1970s, the castle was renovated, the works finished in the year of 1992. Currently, the castle houses the Castle Centre of Culture (Centrum Kultury "Zamek").

Nowe
Nowe [ˈnɔvɛ] (German: Neuenburg in Westpreußen, 1942-1945: Neuenburg (Weichsel)) is a town in Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with 6,270 inhabitants (2004). Founded in the Middle Ages, Nowe is a former royal town of Poland, and features a preserved old town with several medieval Gothic churches and a castle.
Flag of Ohio
The flag of Ohio, also known as the Ohio Burgee, is a red, white, and blue U.S. state flag with a distinctive triangular swallowtail shape. The flag's elements symbolize the state's natural features and order of admission into the Union. A prominent disc at the flag's hoist suggests the letter O, the first letter in Ohio's name.

For nearly a century after statehood, Ohio did not have a legally authorized state flag. John Eisenmann designed Ohio's flag in 1901 for the Pan-American Exposition and the flag was officially adopted the next year.

Ohio has adopted an official salute to its flag as well as an official folding procedure. The Ohio flag has influenced a number of logos and municipal flags within the state. A scarlet-colored gubernatorial flag is based on the state seal.

Swallowtail (flag)
In flag terminology, a swallowtail is either

a V-shaped cut in a flag that causes the flag to end in two points at the fly; or

any flag that has this V-shaped cut.

The name comes from the forked tail that is a common feature of the swallow species of birds.