hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operational bill
Operational bills are a tendering document for estimating costs prepared by architects that describes a construction project in terms of the operations (which include labour and plant) needed to build it. This form of document contrasts with that of bills of quantities in which such tendering and estimation is limited to the materials in the completed work. Operational bills have the advantages of enhancing communication between design and production, enabling realistic tender pricing, and making the preparation of critical-path analysis easy for the contractor.

Operational bills were proposed and developed by Edward Skoyles at Building Research Establishment in the 1960s. Priced-activity schedules of the New Engineering Contract are a modern related form, prepared by the contractor.

Bill of quantities
A bill of quantities is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials, parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized. It also (ideally) details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair contract and itemizes all work to enable a contractor to price the work for which he or she is bidding. The quantities may be measured in number, area, volume, weight or time. Preparing a bill of quantities requires that the design is complete and a specification has been prepared.

The bill of quantities is issued to tenderers for them to prepare a price for carrying out the construction work. The bill of quantities assists tenderers in the calculation of construction costs for their tender, and, as it means all tendering contractors will be pricing the same quantities (rather than taking-off quantities from the drawings and specifications themselves), it also provides a fair and accurate system for tendering.
Buddhavaṃsa
The Buddhavaṃsa (also known as the Chronicle of Buddhas) is a hagiographical Buddhist text which describes the life of Gautama Buddha and of the twenty-four Buddhas who preceded him and prophesied his attainment of Buddhahood. It is the fourteenth book of the Khuddaka Nikāya, which in turn is the fifth and last division of the Sutta Piṭaka. The Sutta Piṭaka is one of three piṭakas (main sections) which together constitute the Tipiṭaka, or Pāli Canon of Theravāda Buddhism.

Along with the Apadāna and the Cariyāpiṭaka, the Buddhavaṃsa is considered by most scholars to have been written during the 1st and 2nd century BCE, and is therefore a late addition to the Pāli Canon.

Cariyāpiṭaka
The Cariyapitaka (cariyāpiṭaka; where cariya is Pali for "conduct" or "proper conduct" and pitaka is usually translated as "basket"; abbrev. Cp) is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. It is included there in the Sutta Pitaka's Khuddaka Nikaya, usually as the last of fifteen books. It is a short verse work that includes thirty-five accounts of the Buddha's former lives (similar to Jataka tales) when he as a bodhisattva exhibited behaviors known as "perfections," prerequisites to buddhahood.  This canonical text, along with the Apadana and Buddhavamsa, is believed to be a late addition to the Pali Canon and has been described as "hagiographical."
Le Délit français
Le Délit, also known as Le Délit français, is the only independent francophone newspaper on the McGill University campus, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Serving McGill University's francophone-student minority, Le Délit is a sister publication to the English-language The McGill Daily.

Evolving from the Le McGill Daily français, French-language section in The McGill Daily, Le Délit became a standalone newspaper on September 1, 1977.  Initially retaining the name Le McGill Daily français, the publication changed its moniker to the edgier-sounding Le Délit, a play on words; while it sounds like "Le Daily" in English, in French, Le Délit actually means the offense or the misdemeanor.

Le Délit is a founder and former member of Canadian University Press and founder of the Carrefour international de la presse universitaire francophone (CIPUF).

The McGill Daily
The McGill Daily is an independent student newspaper at McGill University and is entirely run by students. Despite its name, the Daily has reduced its print publication to once a week, normally on Mondays, in addition to producing online-only content and weekly radio segments for CKUT 90.3 FM.

The Daily was originally published daily in 1911. It began as a sports rag in the broadsheet format and has since transitioned to the compact or tabloid format, covering a wide range of issues related to the McGill and greater Montreal communities. The paper's content sections are News, Commentary, Culture, Features, Sci+Tech, Unfit to Print (radio), and Compendium!.
WDEL-FM
WDEL-FM (101.7 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Canton, New Jersey.  It simulcasts a news/talk format with sister station WDEL (1150 AM) in Wilmington, Delaware.  WDEL-AM-FM are owned and operated by Draper Holdings Business Trust with studios and offices on Shipley Road in Wilmington.

The FM transmitter is on Macanippuck Road in Greenwich Township. The signal extends from South Jersey into Northern Delaware, allowing listeners in the Wilmington area to hear WDEL's programming on FM as well as AM.

WDEL (AM)
WDEL (1150 kHz) is a commercial radio station in Wilmington, Delaware.  It simulcasts a news/talk radio format with sister station WDEL-FM 101.7 MHz.  They are owned by Draper Holdings Business Trust with the license held by WBOC, Inc.

WDEL 1150 broadcasts with 5,000 watts around the clock.  To protect other stations on 1150 AM from interference, WDEL uses a directional antenna with a four-tower array.  The transmitter, studios and offices located on Shipley Road in Wilmington.
Rock climbing in the Peak District
Rock climbing is a popular activity in the Peak District; particularly on edges such as Stanage or Froggatt. Generally the climbing style is free climbing (as opposed to aid climbing)  and the rock is either gritstone or limestone. Climbing has been practised in the Peak District since the late 19th century; James W. Puttrell is generally credited with starting the sport.  The first climbing guidebook to the area was Some Gritstone Climbs, by John Laycock, published in 1913.
There are over 10,000 routes in the Peak District.
One of the most famous Peak District climbers, and a pioneer of many new routes, is Ron Fawcett. The climb known as "Master's Edge", on Millstone Edge, near Hathersage, is a testament to his skill and strength. The climb is graded E7 6c and rises 19m up the near vertical edge.

Stanage Edge
Stanage Edge, or simply Stanage (from "stone edge") is a gritstone escarpment in the Peak District, England, famous as a location for climbing. It lies a couple of miles to the north of Hathersage, and the northern part of the edge forms the border between the High Peak of Derbyshire and Sheffield in South Yorkshire. Its highest point is High Neb at 458 metres (1,503 ft) above sea level. Areas of Stanage were quarried in the past to produce grindstones, and some can still be seen on the hillside—carved, but never removed.
Underwater Hockey Intercontinental Championships
The Underwater Hockey Intercontinental Championships are a series of three underwater hockey competition for international teams played every four years. The competition acts as qualification for the World Championships, and is split into three regions – North and South America, Europe and Africa, and Asia and Oceania.

Underwater Hockey World Championships
The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey.  The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.
Alina Pätz
Alina Pätz (born 8 March 1990 in Urdorf) is a Swiss curler from Matten bei Interlaken, Switzerland. She currently throws fourth stones on Team Silvana Tirinzoni. Pätz has competed in nine World Women's Curling Championships, reaching the final eight times and winning six gold medals, tying her with teammate Carole Howald for the curler with the most wins at the event. She also represented Switzerland at the Winter Olympics in 2014, 2022 and 2026, winning silver medal in the 2026 edition of the event. She is a two-time European champion, six-time Grand Slam champion, and the 2011 World Mixed Doubles champion.

Silvana Tirinzoni
Silvana Petra Tirinzoni (born 25 June 1979) is a Swiss curler from Zurich. She is a four-time women's world champion skip (2019, 2021, 2022, 2023) and seven-time Grand Slam champion. She is a former world junior champion and two-time European champion. Tirinzoni also represented Switzerland at the 2018, 2022, and 2026 Winter Olympics, winning silver medal in the 2026 edition of the event.
Red Moor (Rhön)
50°28′0″N 9°58′50″E﻿ / ﻿50.46667°N 9.98056°E﻿ / 50.46667; 9.98056

The Red Moor (German: Rotes Moor) is a raised bog in the Hessian part of the Rhön Mountains in Germany. It lies within the eponymous nature reserve in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve and is part of the Europe-wide conservation system, Natura 2000. The Red Moor has an area of 50 hectares and is the second largest raised bog in the High Rhön after the Black Moor (66.4 hectares). For 175 years, until 1984, peat was cut here. The interior of the raised bog is severely damaged, especially as a result of the many years of peat cutting. Its perimeters are however still largely undisturbed areas that are better and more typically developed than the Black Moor, 8 kilometres away. In 1979 large-scale renaturalisation measures began.

Rhön Mountains
The Rhön Mountains (German: [ˈʁøːn] ⓘ) are a group of low mountains (or Mittelgebirge) in central Germany, located around the border area where the states of Hesse, Bavaria and Thuringia come together. These mountains, which are at the extreme southeast end of the East Hesse Highlands (Osthessisches Bergland), are partly a result of ancient volcanic activity. They are separated from the Vogelsberg Mountains by the river Fulda and its valley. The highest mountain in the Rhön is the Wasserkuppe (950.2 metres or 3,117 feet), which is in Hesse. The Rhön Mountains are a popular tourist destination and walking area.
Marey case
Marey case is the name given to the trial for the 1983 kidnapping of Segundo Marey—one of the first victims of the Spanish government's dirty war against ETA—carried out by the so-called Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación (GAL).

GAL (paramilitary group)
GAL (Spanish: Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación, "Antiterrorist Liberation Groups") were death squads illegally established by officials of the Spanish government during the Basque conflict to fight against ETA, the main Basque separatist militant group. They were active from 1983 to 1987 under Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)-led governments.

GAL's activities, known as "the dirty war", primarily targeted ETA members and Basque nationalists, with attacks occurring mainly in the Basque country on the French side of the Spanish-French border, but kidnappings and torture also took place in Spain. The daily newspaper El Mundo played a crucial role in exposing GAL. Several Spanish police officers and government officials were convicted and imprisoned when the operation ended. The death squads were an important issue during the 1996 election, when the PSOE was defeated by José María Aznar's People's Party (PP) for the first time.
Laotian langur
The Laotian langur or white-browed black langur (Trachypithecus laotum) is a species of the primate family Cercopithecidae that is endemic to Laos in Southeast Asia. It is closely related to other primates found in the region such as Indochinese black langur and Hatinh langur. It is classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List.

Hatinh langur
The Hatinh langur (Trachypithecus hatinhensis) is a highly threatened Old World monkey found in limestone forests in Vietnam, primarily in the Quảng Bình Province. They are a primarily black, arboreal, and diurnal monkey. They occupy dense forests which contribute to their decline as a result of habitat fragmentation. They're also subject to hunting from humans which further contributes to their endangered status.
Bletchley RUFC
Bletchley Rugby Union Club is an English rugby union club from Milton Keynes who play at Manor Fields. They routinely put out three Senior XVs, a ladies side and a Vets side. The 1st XV play in Counties 1 Southern North and the 2nd XVs in the East Midlands 2 - Bedfordshire. The 3rd XV and Vets side play ad hoc friendly local fixtures.

In addition to the 120+ adult section, the club has a youth (U7s to U17s) set-up with over 200 members. In the 2005–06 season the club's U17 squad were Buckinghamshire County Cup champions, and finalists in the South West Division Bowl. The playing activities at Bletchley are supported by a large number of volunteers, including the 50+ Vice-Presidents of whom many are ex-players. Bletchley celebrated its 60th anniversary during the 2007–08 season. The men's team in the early 2010s played at level 5.

Counties 1 Southern North
Counties 1 Southern North (formerly known as Southern Counties North) is a division at level 7 of the English rugby union system. When league rugby first began in 1987 it was known as Southern Counties but since 1996 the division was split into two regional leagues – Southern Counties North and Southern Counties South. Counties 1 Southern North currently sits at the seventh tier of club rugby union in England and features teams based in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The league champions at the end of each season are automatically promoted to Regional 2 South Central. Relegated teams usually drop to Counties 2 Berks/Bucks & Oxon (North) or Counties 2 Berks/Bucks & Oxon (South).
Tim Hunter (DC Comics)
Tim Hunter is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He first appeared in The Books of Magic #1 (January 1990), and was created by Neil Gaiman and John Bolton. Appearing often as a protagonist within various Books of Magic series and related spin-offs under the Vertigo Comics imprint, the character is a seemingly unassuming English kid whose potential marks him among the most powerful magic users within the modern era, attracting factions such as the Trenchcoat Brigade and Cult of the Cold Flame alike as he is subjected to fantastical journeys and mystical adventures while deciding his alignment between good and evil, both which impacts himself and the forces of good and evil.

The Books of Magic
The Books of Magic is the title of a four-issue English-language comic book miniseries written by Neil Gaiman, published by DC Comics, and later an ongoing series under the imprint Vertigo. Since its original publication, the miniseries has also been published in a single-volume collection under the Vertigo imprint with an introduction by author Roger Zelazny. It tells the story of a young boy who has the potential to become the world's greatest magician.
Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye
Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye is a television series that premiered in 2002 on the PAX Network. The show ended in May 2005 due to PAX's decision to halt the production of original programming. It was one of the two highest-rated shows on the network, along with Doc.

Doc (2001 TV series)
Doc is an American medical drama with strong Christian undertones starring Billy Ray Cyrus as Dr. Clint "Doc" Cassidy, a Montana doctor who takes a job in a New York City medical clinic. It aired from March 11, 2001 to November 28, 2004 on Pax TV.

Although set in New York City, the series was shot in and around Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 88 episodes were produced.
Warna Warta
Warna Warta (Malay: "various news", literally "colour news", known in Chinese as 综合新闻 Zònghé xīnwén, "general news") was a Malay language Peranakan Chinese newspaper published in Semarang, Dutch East Indies from 1902 to 1933. Alongside its more popular rival Djawa Tengah, it was highly influential among the Chinese Indonesian population of Semarang during this time.

Djawa Tengah
Djawa Tengah (Malay: Central Java, known in Chinese as 壟川中央爪哇日報 Lǒngchuān Zhōngyāng Zhǎowā Rìbào) was a major Malay-language peranakan Chinese (Chinese Indonesian) daily newspaper in Semarang, Dutch East Indies from 1909 to 1938. It is said to have been the first Chinese newspaper in Semarang.
Sully (dog)
Sully (born July 14, 2016) is a Labrador Retriever employed as a service dog for disabled military veterans in the United States. He served with the former president of the United States, George H. W. Bush, during the last six months of his life, ending with Bush's death on November 30, 2018.  He received international attention for his role during Bush's state funeral.

Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush
On November 30, 2018, George H. W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States and the 43rd vice president, died from vascular Parkinson's syndrome at his home in Houston, Texas.  At the age of 94 years, 171 days, Bush was the longest-lived president in U.S. history at the time of his death, a record which has since been surpassed by Jimmy Carter.

Shortly after news broke of Bush's death, President Donald Trump declared a national day of mourning and ordered all flags "throughout the United States and its territories and possessions" lowered to half staff for 30 days after his death. Bush's state funeral was the official funerary rites conducted by the U.S. government, which occurred over a period of four days from December 3 to 6, 2018. About a dozen world leaders attended the event.
Bharmal
Raja Bharmal, also known as Bihari Mal, and Bihar Mal (1498 – 27 January 1574), was the 23rd  ruler of Amber, which was later known as Jaipur. He was a ruler of the Kachhwaha clan.

His daughter, Mariam-uz-Zamani was the chief consort of the third Mughal Emperor, Akbar and mother of the fourth Mughal Emperor Jahangir. His daughter's marriage to Akbar was a significant event of the Mughal Empire. He along with his successor, Bhagwant Das and his grandson, Man Singh I became the highest mansabdar of their times. He died in Agra in the year 1574, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Raja Bhagwant Das.

Bhagwant Das
Raja Bhagwant Das (c. 1527 – 4 December 1589) was the 23rd Kacchwaha ruler of Amber. He also served as the Mughal Subahdar of Lahore and the Subahdar of Kabul for a few months in 1586. His sister, Mariam-uz-Zamani, was the chief consort of Mughal emperor Akbar. His son, Man Singh I, one of the Navaratnas of Akbar, became the highest-ranking official of his court. His daughter, Man Bai, was the first and chief wife of Prince Salim (later Jahangir).
Aran (river)
The Aran (French pronunciation: [aʁɑ̃] ⓘ), from Basque Harana, is a left tributary of the Adour, in the French Basque Country, in Aquitaine, Southwest France. It is 48.4 km (30.1 mi) long.

The river is also known as the Joyeuse, which is also the name of a tributary of the Bidouze.

Adour
The Adour (French pronunciation: [aduʁ] ⓘ; Basque: Aturri; Occitan: Ador) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High-Bigorre (Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is 308.3 kilometres (191.6 mi) long, of which the uppermost ca. 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) is known as the Adour de Payolle. At its final stretch, i.e. on its way through Bayonne and a short extent upstream, the river draws the border between the Northern Basque Country and Landes regions.
Aphilodon
Aphilodon is a genus of soil centipedes in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. These centipedes are found in South America. This genus includes sixteen species and is the most diverse of the Neotropical genera in the subfamily Aphilodontinae.

Aphilodontinae
Aphilodontinae is a monophyletic group of soil centipedes previously known as the family Aphilodontidae in the order Geophilomorpha. This clade is now considered a subfamily in the family Geophilidae and has been renamed accordingly. This subfamily now includes more than 30 described species distributed among four genera.
Printer's sample stamp
A printer's sample stamp is a label produced by a printer resembling a postage stamp, but with no postal or other validity. Often it will include the name of the printer and demonstrate their printing capabilities. The stamps are not intended for use and are therefore to be distinguished from test stamps, though both test stamps and printer's sample stamps are dummy stamps in the broadest sense of that term.

Test stamp
A test stamp is a label resembling a postage stamp that is used by postal authorities for testing equipment. They generally have the same size and shape as regular stamps, but with a minimal design. Although not normally made available to the general public, some have found their way into private hands, and they are a recognised stamp collecting speciality.

Test stamps are a form of cinderella stamp and in the United States are also commonly referred to as dummy stamps.

In some countries there may be cross-over between test and training stamps but while test stamps do not need any stated value, training stamps are often produced in a variety or values or are genuine stamps cancelled by bars as this assists with the training process.
Greasby
Greasby (locally /ˈɡriːzbi/) is a large village on the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside, England. A predominantly residential area, it is contiguous with Upton to the east and Saughall Massie to the north. The small village of Frankby is to the immediate west. Historically within the county of Cheshire, it is part of the Greasby, Frankby and Irby Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and is in the parliamentary constituency of Wirral West.

At the 2001 census, Greasby had 9,830 inhabitants, with the total population of the ward at 14,667. 
In the 2011 census the population of Greasby was not measured. However the total population of Greasby, Frankby and Irby Ward was 13,991.

Saughall Massie
Saughall Massie (/ˈsɒɡɔːl ˈmæsi/) is a village on the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside, England. It is part of the Moreton West & Saughall Massie Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and the parliamentary constituency of Wallasey. A small village primarily made up of large fields owned by local farmers, it is bordered by Greasby, Meols, Moreton and Upton. At the 2001 census Saughall Massie had a population of 1,260.
Ashintully Gardens
Ashintully Gardens is a 120 acre (0.5 km2) estate in Tyringham, Massachusetts that is maintained by The Trustees of Reservations land trust. The gardens, and the adjoining 594 acres (2.4 km2) McLennan Reservation, were the gift of John Stewart McLennan Jr., and his wife Katharine. The name Ashintully comes from Gaelic Eas an Tulaich and means "cascade of the hillock".

McLennan Reservation
McLennan Reservation is a nature reserve located in Otis and Tyringham, Massachusetts.  The property is owned by The Trustees of Reservations through a series of endowments for preserving the land, the first in 1977. The reservation is adjacent to another Trustees property, Ashintully Gardens.

The 2.4 miles (3.9 km) Round Mountain Trail loops around the reservation.