hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oakes Ames (botanist)
Oakes Ames (/eɪmz/; September 26, 1874 – April 28, 1950) was an American biologist specializing in orchids. His estate is now the Borderland State Park in Massachusetts. He was the son of Governor of Massachusetts Oliver Ames and grandson of Congressman Oakes Ames.

Oliver Ames (governor)
Oliver Ames (February 4, 1831 – October 22, 1895) was an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and Republican politician who served as the 35th governor of Massachusetts from 1887 to 1890.

Ames's public life was primarily devoted to the vindication of his late father Oakes Ames, a businessman and U.S. Representative who was censured for his role in the 1873 Credit Mobilier scandal and died shortly thereafter. His tenure in office was also marked by a divide within the state over the growing temperance movement.

Ames was executor of his father's estate, and took over many of his business interests. He was a major philanthropist, especially in his hometown of Easton, where he secured construction of a number of architecturally significant works by the architect H.H. Richardson and a number of properties by landscape designer Frederick Law Olmsted.

Oliver Ames High School in Easton is named after him.
Fjölnir
Fjölnir (Old Norse: Fjǫlnir [ˈfjɔlnez̠]) is a legendary king in Norse mythology said to have been the son of Freyr (Frey) and his consort Gerðr (Gertha). The name appears in a variety of forms, including Fiolnir, Fjölner, Fjolner, and Fjolne. He was claimed as the progenitor of the Swedish Yngling dynasty, reigning from Gamla Uppsala. According to the Grottasöngr, Fjölnir lived from the 1st century BC to the early 1st century AD.

Fjölnir was said to have drowned in a vat of mead while visiting Peace-Fróði, a similarly legendary king of Zealand, the Danish island. Fjölnir was then succeeded by his son Sveigðir.

Sveigðir
Sveigðir, Sveigder or Swegde (Old Norse "Waving One") was a Swedish king of the House of Yngling in Norse mythology. He was the son of Fjölner, whom he succeeded as king, and he married Vana of Vanaheimr, probably one of the Vanir. Lured by a dwarf, Sveigðir disappeared into a stone and never came back. He was succeeded by his son Vanlandi.
Green heron
The green heron (Butorides virescens) is a small heron of North and Central America. Butorides is from Middle English butor "bittern" and Ancient Greek -oides, "resembling", and virescens is Latin for "greenish".

It was long considered conspecific with its sister species the striated heron (Butorides striata), and together they were called "green-backed heron". Birds of the nominate subspecies (no matter which taxonomic arrangement is preferred) are extremely rare vagrants to western Europe—for example, a sighting in Pembrokeshire in 2018 was only the second recorded sighting in Wales; individuals from the Pacific coast of North America may similarly stray as far as Hawaii.

Striated heron
The striated heron (Butorides striata) also known as mangrove heron or little green heron, is a small heron, about 44 cm tall. It is mostly sedentary and noted for some interesting behavioural traits. The breeding habitat is in South America and the Caribbean. The striated heron was formerly considered to be conspecific with the little heron that is found in the Old World tropics from west Africa to Japan and Australia.
La Salle, Illinois
La Salle or LaSalle is a city in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States, located at the intersection of Interstates 39 and 80. It is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area. Originally platted in 1837 over one square mile (2.6 square kilometers), the city's boundaries have grown to 12 sq mi (31 km2). Named in honor of 17th century Illinois valley explorer, the Sieur de La Salle, city boundaries extend from the Illinois River and Illinois and Michigan Canal to a mile north of Interstate 80 and from the city of Peru on the west to the village of North Utica on the east. Starved Rock State Park is located approximately 5 mi (8 km) to the east. The population was 9,582 as of the 2020 census, down from 9,609 at the 2010 census. LaSalle and its twin city, Peru, make up the core of the Illinois Valley. Due to their combined dominance of the zinc processing industry in the early 1900s, they were collectively nicknamed "Zinc City."

Peru, Illinois
Peru is a city in LaSalle and Bureau counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,896 at the 2020 census, down from 10,295 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.  Peru and its twin city, LaSalle, make up the core of Illinois Valley.
Maik Landsmann
Maik Landsmann  (born 25 October 1967) is a retired track cyclist from East Germany, who represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There he won the gold medal in the men's team time trial (100 km), alongside Uwe Ampler, Jan Schur and Mario Kummer. A year later he won the world title in the same event.

Uwe Ampler
Uwe Ampler  (born 11 October 1964) is a retired track and road cyclist who competed for East Germany  at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There he won the gold medal in the men's team time trial, alongside Jan Schur, Mario Kummer, and Maik Landsmann.

Ampler won the Peace Race in 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1998.

In August 1999 he tested positive for steroids during the Sachsen Tour and admitted he was doping. His father, Klaus Ampler, was also a famous cyclist. Also his son Rick Ampler (* 1989) was cyclist.
Paramedics in the United States
In the United States, the paramedic is an allied health professional whose primary focus is to provide advanced emergency medical care for patients who access Emergency Medical Services (EMS). This individual possesses the complex knowledge and skills necessary to provide patient care and transportation. Paramedics function as part of a comprehensive EMS response under physician medical direction. Paramedics often serve in a prehospital role, responding to Public safety answering point (9-1-1) calls in an ambulance. The paramedic serves as the initial entry point into the health care system. A standard requirement for state licensure involves successful completion of a nationally accredited Paramedic program at the certificate or associate degree level.

Emergency medical services in the United States
In the United States, emergency medical services (EMS) provide out-of-hospital acute medical care and/or transport to definitive care for those in need. They are regulated at the most basic level by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which sets the minimum standards that all states' EMS providers must meet, and regulated more strictly by individual state governments, which often require higher standards from the services they oversee.

Wide differences in population density, topography, and other conditions can call for different types of EMS systems; consequently, there is often significant variation between the Emergency Medical Services provided in one state and those provided in another.
Gran Reserva. El origen
Gran Reserva. El origen is a Spanish drama television series, working as a prequel to Gran Reserva. Produced by Televisión Española in collaboration with Bambú Producciones, it aired from May 2013 to August 2013. It focuses on the events happening four decades before the original series.

Gran Reserva (TV series)
Gran Reserva is a Spanish drama television series, starring Emilio Gutiérrez Caba, Ángela Molina, Tristán Ulloa and Paula Echevarría, among others. Created by Ramón Campos and Gema R. Neira and produced by Bambú Producciones for TVE, the 42 episodes of the series aired on La 1 from 2010 to 2013. Charged with melodrama and thriller, the plot follows the conflict and intrigues between two winemaking families, the Cortázar and the Reverte, in the region of La Rioja.
R. Beers Loos
Richard Beers Loos  (October 4, 1860 – March 6, 1944), was an American journalist and newspaper publisher. His daughter was Anita Loos, a playwright and author who wrote, among other titles, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.

Anita Loos
Corinne Anita Loos  (April 26, 1888 – August 18, 1981) was an American actress, novelist, playwright and screenwriter. In 1912, she became the first female staff screenwriter in Hollywood, when D. W. Griffith put her on the payroll at Triangle Film Corporation. She is best known for her 1925 comic novel, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, her screenplay of the 1939 adaptation of The Women, and her 1951 Broadway adaptation of Colette's novella Gigi.
Fifth power (algebra)
In arithmetic and algebra, the fifth power or sursolid of a number n is the result of multiplying five instances of n together:

n5 = n × n × n × n × n.

Fifth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its fourth power, or the square of a number by its cube.

The sequence of fifth powers of integers is:

0, 1, 32, 243, 1024, 3125, 7776, 16807, 32768, 59049, 100000, 161051, 248832, 371293, 537824, 759375, 1048576, 1419857, 1889568, 2476099, 3200000, 4084101, 5153632, 6436343, 7962624, 9765625, ... (sequence A000584 in the OEIS)

Fourth power
In arithmetic and algebra, the fourth power of a number n is the result of multiplying four instances of n together: n4 = n × n × n × n.

Fourth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its cube. Furthermore, they are squares of squares.

Some people refer to n4 as n tesseracted, hypercubed, zenzizenzic, biquadrate or supercubed instead of "to the power of 4".

The sequence of fourth powers of integers, known as biquadrates or tesseractic numbers, is:

0, 1, 16, 81, 256, 625, 1296, 2401, 4096, 6561, 10000, 14641, 20736, 28561, 38416, 50625, 65536, 83521, 104976, 130321, 160000, 194481, 234256, 279841, 331776, 390625, 456976, 531441, 614656, 707281, 810000, ... (sequence A000583 in the OEIS).
Hazur Sahib Nanded–Shri Ganganagar Weekly Express
The 22723 / 22724 Hazur Sahib Nanded–Shri Ganganagar Weekly Express is an Express train belonging to South Central Railway zone that runs between Hazur Sahib Nanded and Shri Ganganagar Junction railway station in India. It is currently being operated with 22723/22724 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Sri Ganganagar Junction railway station
Sri Ganganagar railway station is a main railway station in Sri Ganganagar District, Rajasthan. Its code is SGNR. It serves Sri Ganganagar city. The station consists of three platforms, neither of which is well sheltered Lots Of facilities including water and sanitation.
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (Ukrainian: Футбольний Клуб Кривбас Кривий Ріг) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kryvyi Rih.

Until 2013 the club participated in professional competitions. In June 2013 the club went bankrupt and was expelled from the Ukrainian Premier League. There was a failed attempt to revive the club in 2014, until finally the club was reestablished again in 2015. In 2020, it was restructured as Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih based on Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih (founded in 1925), which took on the Football Club Kryvbas's brand. Many people consider the original Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (founded in	1959) and the Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih of 2020 as one and the same club.

FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih
FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih (Ukrainian: Гірник Кривий Ріг) was a Ukrainian football club based in Kryvyi Rih. The club adapted its name in 2003 and originally as "Gornyak" (in Russian). Later the club's name was changed to Hirnyk (in Ukrainian). In 2020 it was completely rebranded as Kryvbas.

In August 2020, the main team was restructured as FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, and its U-19 team became entered junior competitions as Hirnyk. The teams played in the 2020–21 Ukrainian First League U–19 Championship. Also, there was information about Hirnyk entering amateur competitions. Later that team was renamed as Kryvbas-2.
Rokhlin's theorem
In 4-dimensional topology, a branch of mathematics, Rokhlin's theorem states that if a smooth, orientable, closed 4-manifold M has a spin structure (equivalently, if the second Stiefel–Whitney class  vanishes), then the signature of its intersection form, a quadratic form on the second cohomology group , is divisible by 16. The theorem is named for Vladimir Rokhlin, who proved it in 1952.

Intersection form of a 4-manifold
In mathematics, the intersection form of an oriented compact 4-manifold is a special symmetric bilinear form on the 2nd (co)homology group of the 4-manifold.  It reflects much of the topology of the 4-manifolds, including information on the existence of a smooth structure.
Gertrude's Secrets
Gertrude's Secrets is a 1984 children's educational video game by The Learning Company.

The goal is to solve puzzles and find secrets along with Gertrude the goose. The variety of puzzles involve basic recognition of shapes, colors, and patterns. The puzzles are designed to develop basic skills of logic and reasoning. A companion game, Gertrude's Puzzles was released at the same time. Gertrude's Secrets was released for MS-DOS, Commodore 64, and Apple II.

Gertrude's Puzzles
Gertrude's Puzzles is an educational video game for the Apple II, Commodore 64, and IBM PC compatibles released in 1984 by The Learning Company. It is a sequel to the game Gertrude's Secrets. Gertrude's Puzzles was designed by Teri Perl. Gertrude's Puzzles, like Gertrude's Secrets, consists of a series of rooms, each of which contains a logic or categorization puzzle to solve using shapes and colors.
Schizoanalysis
Schizoanalysis (or ecosophy, pragmatics, micropolitics, rhizomatics, or nomadology) (French: schizoanalyse; schizo- from Greek σχίζειν [skhizein], meaning 'to split') is a set of theories and techniques developed by philosopher Gilles Deleuze and psychoanalyst Félix Guattari, first expounded in their book Anti-Oedipus (1972) and continued in their follow-up work, A Thousand Plateaus (1980).

Félix Guattari
Pierre-Félix Guattari (/ɡwəˈtɑːri/ gwə-TAR-ee; French: [pjɛʁ feliks ɡwataʁi] ⓘ; 30 March 1930 – 29 August 1992) was a French psychoanalyst, political philosopher, semiotician, social activist, and screenwriter. He co-founded schizoanalysis with Gilles Deleuze, and created ecosophy independently of Arne Næss. He has become best known for  his literary and philosophical collaborations with Deleuze, most notably Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), the two volumes of their theoretical work Capitalism and Schizophrenia.
Ma Lin (warlord)
Ma Lin (Xiao'erjing: مَا لٍ, simplified Chinese: 马麟; traditional Chinese: 馬麟; pinyin: Mǎ Lín; Wade–Giles: Ma Lin; 1873 – 26 January 1945) was the governor of Qinghai 1931–38 and the brother of Ma Qi. A Hui Muslim born in 1873, Linxia County, Gansu, he mainly acceded to the posts of his brother, being general of southeastern Gansu province, as well as councillor of the Qinghai provincial government and acting head of the Construction Bureau of Qinghai province. His father was Ma Haiyan.

Ma Qi
Ma Qi (simplified Chinese: 马麒; traditional Chinese: 馬麒; pinyin: Mǎ Qí; Wade–Giles: Ma Ch'i, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ٿِ; 23 September 1869 – 5 August 1931) was a Chinese Muslim General in early 20th-century China.
Zweihänder
The Zweihänder (German pronunciation: [t͡svaɪhɛndɐ] ⓘ, literally "two-hander"), also Doppelhänder ("double-hander"), Beidhänder ("both-hander"), Bihänder,  or Bidenhänder, is a large two-handed sword that was used primarily during the 16th century.

Zweihänder swords developed from the longswords of the Late Middle Ages and became the hallmark weapon of the German Landsknechte from the time of Maximilian I (d. 1519) and during the Italian Wars of 1494–1559. The Goliath Fechtbuch (1510) shows an intermediate form between longsword and Zweihänder.

This represented the final stage in the trend of making very large swords, which started in the 14th century, and ended in the 16th century. In its developed form, the Zweihänder acquired the handling characteristics of a polearm rather than a sword due to its increased size and weight, therefore adding to its striking power and longer reach. Consequently, it was not carried in a sheath, but across the shoulder like a pike or halberd.

Longsword
A longsword (also spelled as long sword or long-sword) is a type of European sword characterized as having a cruciform hilt with a grip for primarily two-handed use (around 15 to 30 cm or 6 to 12 in), a straight double-edged blade of around 80 to 110 cm (31 to 43 in), and weighing approximately 2 to 3 kg (4 lb 7 oz to 6 lb 10 oz).

The "longsword" type exists in a morphological continuum with the medieval knightly sword and the Renaissance-era Zweihänder. It was prevalent during the late medieval and Renaissance periods (approximately 1350 to 1550).
United States national missile defense
National missile defense (NMD) refers to the nationwide antimissile program the United States has had under development since the 1990s. After the renaming in 2002, the term now refers to the entire program, not just the ground-based interceptors and associated facilities.

Other elements that could potentially be integrated into NMD include anti-ballistic missiles, or sea-based, space-based, laser, and high altitude missile systems. The NMD program is limited in scope and designed to counter a relatively small ICBM attack from a less sophisticated adversary. Unlike the earlier Strategic Defense Initiative program, it is not designed to be a robust shield against a large attack from a technically sophisticated adversary.

Anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to destroy in-flight ballistic missiles. They achieve this explosively (chemical or nuclear), or via hit-to-kill kinetic vehicles, which may also have self-maneuvering capabilities.

Tactical systems are widely deployed to counter short and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that carry conventional warheads.

Strategic systems, deployed by the United States, Russia, China, and Israel, are capable of intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically used to carry strategic nuclear warheads. During the Cold War, the 1972 ABM Treaty limited the nuclear arms race; excessive ICBM production would have been favoured to overwhelm ABM systems. For modern strategic systems, Russia's ABMs are the only ones that are themselves armed with nuclear warheads.
Gene Anderson (wrestler)
Eugene Avon Anderson (October 4, 1939 – October 31, 1991) was an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager. He is best known for being one-half of the tag team the Minnesota Wrecking Crew, first with Lars Anderson, then with Ole Anderson.

He was a marquee performer for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from the late-1960s, appearing with promotions including the American Wrestling Association (AWA), Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW) and Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling (MACW). The Minnesota Wrecking Crew were named "Tag Team of the Year" by Pro Wrestling Illustrated in 1975 and 1977.

Minnesota Wrecking Crew (professional wrestling)
The Minnesota Wrecking Crew, also known simply as the Andersons, was originally a professional wrestling tag team who was formed by Gene and Lars Anderson, but since then has comprised a number of wrestlers. All members wrestled were presented as members of the Anderson family despite not being blood related.
First Anglo-Dutch War
The First Anglo-Dutch War, or First Dutch War, was a naval conflict between the Commonwealth of England and the Dutch Republic. Largely caused by disputes over trade, it began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping, but expanded to vast fleet actions. Despite a series of victories in 1652 and 1653, the Commonwealth was unable to blockade Dutch trade, although English privateers inflicted serious losses on Dutch merchant shipping.

The economic damage eventually led to the Treaty of Westminster in 1654 where the Dutch were forced to make minor concessions to the Commonwealth. Both sides agreed to the exclusion of the House of Orange from the office of Stadtholder, but failed to resolve underlying commercial issues. In 1665, Dutch objections to the Navigation Acts and English concerns over their rival's trading practices led to the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

Treaty of Westminster (1654)
The Treaty of Westminster, concluded between the Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth, Oliver Cromwell, and the States General of the United Netherlands, was signed on 5/15 April 1654.: 7  The treaty ended the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654). The treaty is otherwise notable because it is one of the first treaties implementing international arbitration as a method of conflict resolution in the early modern era. A secret clause, obliging the States of Holland to enact the Act of Seclusion, played an important part in Dutch internal politics during the First Stadtholderless Period.
American Water Spaniel
The American Water Spaniel (often abbreviated to AWS) is a breed of spaniel which originated in the United States. It was developed in the state of Wisconsin during the 19th century from a number of other breeds, including the Irish and English Water Spaniels. The breed was saved by Dr. Fred J. Pfeifer, who set up the breed club and standard, and whose work led to recognition for the breed by the United Kennel Club, and later, the American Kennel Club. While they are the state dog of Wisconsin, they remain a rare breed.

They are medium-sized dogs, and have a double layered coat, which comes in a variety of brown related shades. A versatile hunting dog, they are also suitable for apartment life due to work by breeders to develop a breed with an even temperament. The AWS may have been involved in the development of the Boykin Spaniel.

English Water Spaniel
The English Water Spaniel is a breed of dog that has been extinct since the first part of the 20th century, with the last specimen seen in the 1930s. It was best known for its use in hunting waterfowl and for being able to dive as well as a duck. It is described as  similar to a Collie or to a cross between a Poodle and a Springer Spaniel with curly fur and typically in a white and liver/tan pattern.

Pre-dating the Irish Water Spaniel and thought to have been referred to by Shakespeare in Macbeth, it is believed to have genetically influenced several modern breeds of dog, including the American Water Spaniel, Curly Coated Retriever and the modern variety of Field Spaniel. It is unknown if the breed was involved in the creation of the Irish Water Spaniel.
Pumpherston
Pumpherston is a village in West Lothian, Scotland.  Originally a small industrial village housing works for the nearby shale mine and works, it now forms the eastern part of the new town of Livingston, which was constructed to the west of Pumpherston in the late 1960s and quickly grew to incorporate Pumpherston in its wider urban settlement, as defined by the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS). The village of Uphall Station lies immediately to the north. It is twinned with the village of Mtarfa, Malta.

Uphall Station
Uphall Station is a village located in West Lothian, Scotland. The name is derived from the neighbouring town Uphall on account of the railway station located on the northeast perimeter of the village. The village is situated southeast of Uphall and Broxburn, north of Pumpherston and northeast of Livingston. It lies approximately one-quarter mile (400 metres) from the M8, which is a major road running between Greenock in the west of Scotland and Edinburgh in the east of Scotland. A gala day (an outdoor fête) is held annually, usually in June.
Bill Thomas (priest)
Christianity portal

William Phillip Thomas was Archdeacon of Llandaff from 1998 to 2008.

Thomas was born in 1943 and educated at  Lichfield Theological College; and ordained in 1971. After  curacies in Llanilid and Pontypridd he was Vicar of Tonyrefail then Rector of Neath until his appointment as Archdeacon.

Archdeacon of Llandaff
The Archdeacon of Llandaff is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff. The archdeacon is the senior priest with responsibility over the area of the archdeaconry of Llandaff, one of two archdeaconries in the diocese (the other is Margam). The archdeaconry of Llandaff currently consists of two large deaneries: Cardiff, and Eglwysilan.