hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sandling, Maidstone
Sandling is a hamlet to the north of the town of Maidstone, Kent, England, at the foot of the North Downs. It falls within the parish of Boxley.

Notable buildings in the hamlet include the remains of the twelfth century Boxley Abbey, the Hospitium or Boxley Abbey Barn, the fifteenth century gatehouse chapel of St Andrew's, the headquarters of the Kent Wildlife Trust at Tyland Barn, and Kent Life open-air museum.

Sandling's sign was erected to mark Boxley Parish Council’s centenary (1895-1995) and is based on ideas submitted by Sandling County Primary School pupils in 1993. It depicts Boarley Oast, the North Downs, the River Medway and Tyland Barn.

Several Stone Age sites border the hamlet, including Kit's Coty House, Little Kit's Coty House, Smythe's Megalith, the Coffin Stone and the White Horse Stone.

The fields in and around Sandling are primarily used for viticulture. Chapel Down tend 156 acres of vines at Boarley Farm.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Obscenity trial of Ulysses in The Little Review
The obscenity trial over the publication of James Joyce's Ulysses in The Little Review, an American literary magazine, occurred in 1921 and effectively banned publication of Joyce's novel in the United States. After The Little Review published the "Nausicaa" episode of Ulysses in the April 1920 issue of the magazine, the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice instigated obscenity charges against Little Review editors Margaret Caroline Anderson and Jane Heap. The editors were found guilty under laws associated with the Comstock Act of 1873, which made it illegal to send materials deemed obscene through the U.S. Mail. Anderson and Heap incurred a $100 fine, and were forced to cease publishing Ulysses in The Little Review.

Comstock Act of 1873
The Comstock Act of 1873 is a series of current provisions in federal law that generally criminalize the involvement of the United States Postal Service, its officers, or a common carrier in conveying obscene matter, crime-inciting matter, or certain abortion-related matter. The Comstock Act is largely codified across title 18 of the United States Code and was enacted beginning in 1872 with the attachment of a rider to the Post Office Consolidation Act of 1872. Amended multiple times since initial enactment, most recently in 1996, the Act is nonetheless often associated with U.S. Postal Inspector and anti-vice activist Anthony Comstock.

The law was applied broadly for much of its history, before the scope of enforcement narrowed after various court rulings, and modern enforcement is primarily focused on prosecuting child pornography (with the most recent conviction under the Act being made in 2021).
Air Line State Park Trail
Air Line State Park Trail is a rail trail and linear state park located in Connecticut. The trail is divided into sections designated South (a 25-mile trail from East Hampton to Windham), North (a 21-mile trail from Windham to Putnam) a piece of the East Coast Greenway, and the Thompson addition (a 6.6-mile trail from Thompson to the Massachusetts state line). An additional 3.6-mile spur to Colchester is sometimes designated as part of the Air Line trail. At the Massachusetts state line, the trail connects to the Southern New England Trunkline Trail, a 22-mile-long trail to Franklin, MA built on the same right-of-way. Since 2018, the town of Portland, Connecticut has also maintained a 2.3-mile portion of the Air Line trail, connecting to the southern end of the state park at the town line with East Hampton.

The United States Department of the Interior recognized the southern section of the Air Line State Park Trail as a national recreation trail in 2002.

East Hampton, Connecticut
East Hampton is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 12,717 at the 2020 census. The town center village is listed as a census-designated place (CDP). East Hampton includes the communities of Cobalt, Middle Haddam, and Lake Pocotopaug.

The southern trailhead of the Shenipsit Trail is in Cobalt, and the Airline State Park (a rail trail) has its southern trailhead in East Hampton, at Main Street in the Village Center.  The 884-acre (358 ha) Hurd State Park, Meshomasic State Forest, and Salmon River State Forest are located in town.  Comstock's Bridge, more commonly known as the Comstock Covered Bridge and the only remaining covered bridge in eastern Connecticut, spans the Salmon River near Route 16 in East Hampton.

The Chatham Historical Society Museum and the Joseph N. Goff House Museum and Cultural Center are located in the town.
Samed Yeşil
Samed Yeşil (Turkish pronunciation: [samed jeʃil], born 25 May 1994) is a German footballer who plays as a striker for ATS Krefeld.

Formed at Bayer Leverkusen, he moved as a teenager to Liverpool in 2012. In 2015, he was loaned to FC Luzern.

Yeşil has represented Germany up to under-19 level. He was particularly successful in their under-17 team, whom he helped become runners-up in the European Championship and third place at the World Cup in 2011, finishing as top scorer of the former and second top at the latter.

2011 UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The 2011 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the tenth edition of UEFA's European Under-17 Football Championship. Serbia hosted the tournament between the 3 and 15 May. 6 Teams also qualified for the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup. Players born after 1 January 1994 were eligible to participate in this competition.

England was the defending champion, but lost in the semi-final. The Netherlands
defeated Germany 5–2 in the final to win the championship for the first time.
Jacob De Cordova
Jacob Raphael De Cordova (6 June 1808 – 26 January 1868) was the founder of the Jamaica Gleaner. He settled in Texas in 1839 and lived in Galveston. After living in Galveston, De Cordova moved to Houston, Texas, where he was elected to the Texas House of Representatives to the second Texas Legislature in the year 1847.

The Gleaner
The Gleaner is an English-language, morning daily newspaper founded by two brothers, Jacob and Joshua de Cordova on 13 September 1834 in Kingston, Jamaica.

Originally called the Daily Gleaner, the name was changed on 7 December 1992 to The Gleaner. The newspaper is owned and published by Gleaner Company publishing house in Kingston, Jamaica. The Gleaner is still considered a newspaper of record for Jamaica.
Mthwalume
Mtwalume, correctly known as uMthwalume, is a settlement in Ugu District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

A small seaside village about 87 km south of Durban, it is predominantly a holiday and fishing village. The name "Mthwalume" is derived from isiZulu, and refers to the tall upright trees growing on the river bank. The Mtwalume River winds for 85 km and ends in a waterfall near Highflats.

Mthwalume is largely made up of rural, but modern villages. The majority of the Mthwalume land area falls under the traditional chieftaincy of iNkosi Bhekizizwe Luthuli whose residency is near Turton. Some of the well-known Mtwalume villages lie along the Indian Ocean coast. These villages are Mnafu, Turton, Makhoso and Gobhela. Inland villages include eNyangwini, Nomakhanzane, Dingimbiza, eMabheleni, KwaQoloqolo, Othandweni, Nomoyi and Bangibizo. Mthwalume is bordered on the north by Efafa - another coastal town - and on the south by Hibberdene.

Hibberdene
Hibberdene is a small coastal town on the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast in South Africa, approximately 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Port Shepstone and 90 km (56 mi) south-west of Durban and halfway between coastal towns of Scottburgh and Margate.

Hibberdene is situated on a coastal hillside between the uMhlungwa River to the north and the uMzimayi River to the south, both of which drain into the Indian Ocean. The town was named after C. Maxwell-Hibberd, the former postmaster-general of Natal.
Blackstone Audio
Blackstone Audio is an independent audiobook publisher in the United States, offering over 25,000 audiobooks. The company is based in Ashland, Oregon, with five in-house recording studios. Blackstone distributes directly to consumers via their subscription e-commerce site, Downpour.com, and to the library market with titles from Blackstone, Macmillan, Hachette, HarperCollins, Brilliance, BBC, and Disney Press.

Blackstone has made deals with other audiobook companies where Blackstone manufactures physical CD & MP3 CD format media and distributes them to retail and library locations. Labels under this program include Naxos AudioBooks and Recorded Books.

In 2015, Blackstone expanded with Blackstone Publishing, an imprint devoted to print and e-books.

Recorded Books
Recorded Books is an audiobook imprint of RBMedia, a publishing company with operations in countries globally. Recorded Books was formerly an independent audiobook company before being purchased and re-organized under RBMedia, where it is now an imprint. Recorded Books was founded in 1978 by Henry Trentman, one of the pioneers in the audiobook industry.
Nông Đức Mạnh
Nông Đức Mạnh (Vietnamese: [nəwŋm ɗɨ́k mâjŋ̟ˀ] ⓘ; born 11 September 1939) is a Vietnamese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the most powerful position in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from 22 April 2001 to 19 January 2011. His parents were Tày peasants. Nông Đức Mạnh was born in Cường Lợi, Na Rì District, Bắc Kạn Province. His son Nông Quốc Tuấn is the party secretary for Bắc Giang Province.

Tày people
The Tày people, also known as the Thổ, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di, is a Central Tai-speaking ethnic group who live in northern Vietnam. According to a 2019 census, there are 1.8 million Tày people living in Vietnam. This makes them the second largest ethnic group in Vietnam after the majority Kinh (Vietnamese) ethnic group. Most live in northern Vietnam in the Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên, and Quảng Ninh provinces, along the valleys and the lower slopes of the mountains. They also live in some regions of the Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang provinces. They inhabit fertile plains and are generally agriculturalists, mainly cultivating rice. They also cultivate maize, and sweet potato among other things.
The Rapid
The Rapid is the public transit operator serving Grand Rapids, Michigan and its surrounding suburbs. The Rapid operates local bus service in urban areas in Kent County, and regional service to Ferris State University and Grand Valley State University in Mecosta and Ottawa Counties.

The Rapid is the marketing name of the Interurban Transit Partnership, a special district that covers 6 cities in Kent County. The Interurban Transit Partnership collects property taxes in the 6 member cities to fund its core services, and maintains contracts with 3 additional municipalities and 2 universities for additional services. The Rapid operates 23 bus routes, and also provides paratransit and carpool coordination services. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 6,601,000, or about 21,300 per weekday.

Kent County, Michigan
Kent County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 657,974, making it the fourth most populous county in Michigan, and the largest outside of the Detroit area. Its county seat is Grand Rapids. The county was set off in 1831, and organized in 1836. It is named for New York jurist and legal scholar James Kent, who represented the Michigan Territory in its dispute with Ohio over the Toledo Strip.

Kent County is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is West Michigan's economic and manufacturing center. It is home of the Frederik Meijer Gardens, a significant cultural landmark of the Midwest. The Gerald R. Ford International Airport is the county's primary location for regional and international airline traffic.
Treaty of Vossem (1673)
The Treaty of Vossem was signed on 6 June 1673, between Frederick William, Elector Brandenburg and Louis XIV of France; England, then a French ally against the Dutch, was included as a party to the terms but not a signatory. It was ratified by both parties on 20 July.

Previously a Dutch ally, Frederick William withdrew from the Franco-Dutch War, in return for subsidies and fortresses on the Upper Rhine captured by the French. He rejoined the war on the side of the Dutch in July 1674.

Frederick William, the Great Elector
Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector" (der Große Kurfürst) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting up Prussia for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor.
Yvonne Littlefield
Yvonne Littlefield is an American former ice dancer.  Skating with Peter Betts, she won the ice dance title at the 1962 United States Figure Skating Championships.  She had previously won the Bronze medal at the 1960 U.S. Championships skating with Roger Campbell.

Littlefield and Betts were married immediately after the 1963 U.S. Championships, where they won the Silver medal.  At the 
1963 World Figure Skating Championships, disaster struck them during the free dance, when screws attaching Betts's skate blade to the boot fell out.  They were given permission to restart after making repairs, but the screws again came loose, and they were unable to complete their program.  After this season, they retired from competition and took up coaching.

Littlefield later was divorced from Betts and married John Nicks.

Peter Betts
Peter Betts is an American former figure skater. Skating with Yvonne Littlefield, he won the ice dance title at the 1962 United States Figure Skating Championships.

Littlefield and Betts were married immediately after the 1963 U.S. Championships, where they won the silver medal.  At the 
1963 World Figure Skating Championships, disaster struck them during the free dance, when screws attaching Betts's skate blade to the boot fell out.  They were given permission to restart after making repairs, but the screws again came loose, and they were unable to complete their program.  After this season, they retired from competition and took up coaching.  One of Betts's first students was Peggy Fleming, who was training with him when she won her first national title in 1964.
1986 Australian Touring Car Championship
The 1986 Australian Touring Car Championship was an Australian motor racing competition for Touring Cars. It began on 2 March 1986 at Amaroo Park and ended on 13 July at Oran Park Raceway after ten rounds. The championship was authorised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) as an Australian National Title. It was the 27th Australian Touring Car Championship and the second to be contested by cars conforming with CAMS regulations based on the FIA's international Group A Touring Car regulations.

The championship was won by Robbie Francevic driving a Volvo 240.

Volvo 200 Series
The Volvo 200 Series (designated internally as the 240 and 260 models) was a range of mid-size cars manufactured by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars from 1974 to 1993. Designed by Jan Wilsgaard, the series was developed from the Volvo 140 Series and incorporated safety innovations from Volvo's VESC experimental safety vehicle program.

The 200 Series was produced in sedan, station wagon, and limited convertible body styles. Over 2.8 million units were manufactured during its 19-year production run, making it one of Volvo's most successful model lines. The series established Volvo's reputation for safety and durability, with many examples remaining in service decades after production ended.

Production overlapped with the introduction of the Volvo 700 Series in 1982. While the 260 Series was discontinued in 1984 and replaced by the 700 Series, the popular 240 model continued production until 1993. The final 240 was manufactured on 14 May 1993, concluding nearly two decades of production.
Clan Spalding
Clan Spalding is a highland Scottish clan and sept of Clan Murray. The clan does not have a chief recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms so the clan is considered an armigerous clan. The Spalding family lived in Perthshire, Scotland, for one hundred and sixty three years before 1746, and dispersed to Germany, Sweden, Jamaica, Georgia, Liverpool, Virginia and elsewhere. The Castle of Ashintully was the clan centre in Perthshire.

Ashintully Castle
Ashintully Castle, located near Kirkmichael, north of Blairgowrie, in the county of Perthshire Scotland, was built in 1583 as a fortified tower house by the Spalding family; the Feudal Barons of Ashintully. The Spalding Barons were chiefs of the Spalding Clan and followers of the Duke of Atholl, the Chief of the Murray Clan.  The Spaldings of Ashintully and their cadet branches were Jacobites, or followers of the House of Stuart. The castle is reached from the B950 road to the Northeast of Kirkmichael. The name Ashintully is an anglicised spelling of the Gaelic Eas an Tulaich and means "cascade of the hillock".

In 1597 the Earl of Atholl and his followers attacked Andrew Spalding at Ashintully, bringing great guns, hagbuts, and pistols and raising fire at the house.

In the mid 19th century it was occupied by R J R Ayton.
Dark Lady (Shakespeare)
The Dark Lady is a woman described in Shakespeare's sonnets (sonnets 127–152), and so called because the poems make it clear that she has black wiry hair, and dark, "dun"-coloured skin.  The description of the Dark Lady distinguishes itself from the Fair Youth sequence by being overtly sexual.  Among these, Sonnet 151 has been characterised as "bawdy" and is used to illustrate the difference between the spiritual love for the Fair Youth and the sexual love for the Dark Lady. The distinction is commonly made in the introduction to modern editions of the sonnets.  As with the Fair Youth sequence, there have been many attempts to identify her with a real historical individual.  A widely held scholarly opinion, however, is that the "dark lady" is nothing more than a construct of Shakespeare's imagination and art, and any attempt to identify her with a real person is "pointless".

Shakespeare's sonnets
William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) wrote sonnets on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet, Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost. There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III.
Elemaga
Elemaga is a small farming village in Ibere, Ikwuano, Abia State, Nigeria. Elemaga is located in the center of Inyila, Isiala Ibere, Ahia Orie, Iberenta, Itunta and Obuoru at the food belt of Ibere, about 15 km southwest of Umuahia, the Abia State capital. Elemaga is believed to be derived syntactically from the words Ele ("look"), Ma ("well") and Ga ("go") which literally means "look well before you go". Climate is tropical monsoon.

Itunta
Itunta is a village in Ibere, Ikwuano Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. Itunta falls under the Umuakoo Autonomous Community. The Eze of Umuakoo is HRM Eze Monday Unadindu Okoro in whom is conferred with the title of Akoo II of Umuakoo. Itunta is renowned for her vast cocoa production.
Os Piores Portugueses
Os Piores Portugueses (lit. The Worst Portuguese) was a poll organized by the debate program Eixo do Mal of SIC Notícias to determine which Portuguese figures contributed the most to the country's ruin. It competed and parodied the poll for Great Portuguese (Os Grandes Portugueses).

There were two categories for each poll, each featuring 20 semi-finalists:

Who most contributed to the ruin of Portugal? - Won by António de Oliveira Salazar, also the winner of Os Grandes Portugueses.

Who better incarnates the worst qualities of the Portuguese People? - Won by Fátima Felgueiras.

Os Grandes Portugueses
Os Grandes Portugueses (English: The Greatest Portuguese) was a public poll contest organized by the Portuguese public broadcasting station RTP and hosted by Maria Elisa. Based on BBC's 100 Greatest Britons, it featured individual documentaries advocating the top ten candidates. The final vote took place on 25 March 2007, the winner being António de Oliveira Salazar, Portugal's Prime Minister from 1932 to 1968.
Bogusław Linda
Bogusław Linda (Polish: [bɔˈɡuswaf ˈlinda]; born 27 June 1952) is a Polish actor known from films such as Psy and Tato. He appeared in Andrzej Wajda's Man of Iron and Danton and in Krzysztof Kieślowski's Blind Chance and the seventh episode of Kieślowski's Dekalog. He is regarded as one of the most popular Polish film actors.

Krzysztof Kieślowski
Krzysztof Kieślowski (Polish: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf kʲɛɕˈlɔfskʲi] ⓘ, 27 June 1941 – 14 March 1996) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. He is known internationally for Dekalog (1989), The Double Life of Veronique (1991), and the Three Colours trilogy (1993–1994).

Kieślowski received numerous awards during his career, including the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize (1988), FIPRESCI Prize (1988, 1991), and Prize of the Ecumenical Jury (1991), the Venice Film Festival FIPRESCI Prize (1989), Golden Lion (1993), and OCIC Award (1993), and the Berlin International Film Festival Silver Bear (1994). In 1995, he received Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. In 2002, Kieślowski was listed at number two on the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound list of the top ten film directors of modern times. In 2007, Total Film magazine ranked him at No. 47 on its "100 Greatest Film Directors Ever" list.
Rosamond, California
Rosamond is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, US, near the Los Angeles county line. Rosamond is part of Greater Los Angeles and is located in the Mojave Desert just north of Lancaster and Palmdale, the two largest cities in the Antelope Valley. As of the 2020 Census, Rosamond's population was 20,961. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Rosamond as a census-designated place (CDP).

Rosamond is a suburban bedroom community with many residents employed by nearby Edwards Air Force Base or commuting to Los Angeles, Lancaster, and Palmdale for work. The town is about 15 minutes north of the Lancaster Metrolink station providing direct access to Los Angeles Union Station in just two hours. It has few grocery stores such as Grocery Outlet, Albertsons and Dollar General.

Antelope Valley
The Antelope Valley is a valley primarily located in northern Los Angeles County, California, United States and the southeast portion of Kern County, and constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is situated between the Tehachapi, Sierra Pelona, and the San Gabriel Mountains.  The valley was named for the pronghorns that roamed there until they were all eliminated in the 1880s, mostly by hunting, or resettled in other areas. The principal cities in the Antelope Valley are Palmdale and Lancaster.