hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kal-Haven Trail
The Kal-Haven Trail, formally known as the Kal-Haven Trail Sesquicentennial State Park, is a rail trail in the US that originally ran 33.5 miles (53.9 km) between South Haven, Michigan, to a point just west of the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan, where there is a trailhead. In 2008, the trail was extended east from the trailhead to downtown Kalamazoo as part of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail.

South Haven, Michigan
South Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city is in Van Buren County, although a small portion extends into Allegan County. The population was 3,964 at the 2020 census.

Because of its position on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Black River, South Haven has always been a port city. During settlement, major ship lines stopped there, both passenger and freight. In the early 1900s South Haven became a resort town, sometimes referred to as "The Catskills of the Midwest." South Haven is a major regional tourist draw because of its recreational harbor and beaches. It is the western terminus of the Kal-Haven Trail, popular with bicyclists and snowmobilers. Nearby are Van Buren State Park and the Van Buren Trail State Park.

Noted botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey was born in South Haven. His childhood home was presented to the city in the 1930s, and is now a museum.
Particle acceleration
In acoustics, particle acceleration is the acceleration (rate of change in speed and direction) of particles in a sound transmission medium. When sound passes through a medium it causes particle displacement and as such causes changes in their acceleration.

The acceleration of the air particles of a plane sound wave is given by:

Particle displacement
Particle displacement or displacement amplitude is a measurement of distance of the movement of a sound particle from its equilibrium position in a medium as it transmits a sound wave.  
The SI unit of particle displacement is the metre (m). In most cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure (such as sound), but it can also be a transverse wave, such as the vibration of a taut string.  In the case of a sound wave travelling through air, the particle displacement is evident in the oscillations of air molecules with, and against, the direction in which the sound wave is travelling.

A particle of the medium undergoes displacement according to the particle velocity of the sound wave traveling through the medium, while the sound wave itself moves at the speed of sound, equal to 343 m/s in air at 20 °C.
Small Things like These (film)
Small Things like These is a 2024 historical drama film directed by Tim Mielants and adapted by Enda Walsh from the 2021 novel by Claire Keegan. It stars Cillian Murphy (who also serves as a producer), Eileen Walsh, Michelle Fairley, Emily Watson, Clare Dunne, and Helen Behan. An international co-production between Ireland and Belgium, its plot focuses on the infamous Magdalene laundries in Ireland.

Small Things like These had its world premiere at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival on 15 February 2024, and was released in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 1 November 2024. It received positive reviews from critics.

Small Things like These
Small Things like These is a historical fiction novella by Claire Keegan, published on 21 October 2021 by Faber and Faber. In 2022, the book won the Orwell Prize for Political Fiction, and was shortlisted for the Rathbones Folio Prize and the Booker Prize. It was adapted into a film of the same name starring Cillian Murphy, premiered in 15 February 2024, and began a wide release beginning in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 1 November 2024, with the United States releasing the film a week later on 8 November 2024.
Canton of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin-5
The canton of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin-5 (before March 2020: canton of Tourlaville) is an administrative division of the Manche department, northwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Cherbourg-en-Cotentin.

It consists of the following communes:

Bretteville

Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (partly: Tourlaville)

Digosville

Le Mesnil-au-Val

Cherbourg-en-Cotentin
Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (French pronunciation: [ʃɛʁbuʁ ɑ̃ kɔtɑ̃tɛ̃], lit. 'Cherbourg in Cotentin'; Norman: Tchidbouo) is a major port city in the department of Manche, Normandy, northwestern France, established on 1 January 2016. The commune takes its name from Cherbourg, the main town of the commune, and from the Cotentin Peninsula. Cherbourg is an important commercial, ferry and military port on the English Channel.

Cherbourg-en-Cotentin is a maritime prefecture and a sub-prefecture of Manche. The merger makes it the most populous commune in the department, with 79,144 inhabitants as of 2018 (of which 35,545 in Cherbourg-Octeville) and the largest city of the department, ahead of the Saint-Lô prefecture, and the second-largest city  in the region, after Caen. Its urban unit is composed of three communes (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, Martinvast and Tollevast) and has 81,963 inhabitants (2018). Its larger functional area covers 77 communes and had 152,630 inhabitants as of 2018.
This Time We Mean It
This Time We Mean It is the fifth studio album by REO Speedwagon, released in 1975. It peaked at number 74 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1975, It was the third and last album to feature Mike Murphy on vocals and features the single "Reelin'" written by Murphy.

REO Speedwagon
REO Speedwagon (originally stylized as R.E.O. Speedwagon), or simply REO, was an American rock band from Champaign, Illinois.

Formed in 1966, the band cultivated a following during the 1970s and achieved significant commercial success throughout the 1980s. Their best-selling album, Hi Infidelity (1980), contained four US Top 40 hits and sold more than 10 million copies.

REO Speedwagon sold more than 40 million records and charted 13 Top 40 hits, including the number ones "Keep On Loving You" and "Can't Fight This Feeling".
La rondine
La rondine (The Swallow) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Adami, based on a libretto by Alfred Maria Willner and Heinz Reichert. It was first performed at the Grand Théâtre de Monte Carlo (or the Théâtre du Casino) in Monte Carlo on 27 March 1917.

Opéra de Monte-Carlo
The Opéra de Monte-Carlo (French pronunciation: [ɔpeʁa d(ə) mɔ̃te kaʁlo]) is an opera house which is part of the Monte Carlo Casino located in the Principality of Monaco.

With the lack of cultural diversions available in Monaco in the 1870s, Prince Charles III, along with the Société des Bains de Mer, decided to include a concert hall as part of the casino. The main public entrance to the hall was from the casino, while Charles III's private entrance was on the western side. It opened in 1879 and became known as the Salle Garnier, after the architect Charles Garnier, who designed it.

During the renovation of the Salle Garnier in 2004–05, the company presented operas at the Salle des Princes in the local Grimaldi Forum, a modern conference and performance facility where Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo and the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra regularly perform.
Archon (Gnosticism)
Archons (Greek: ἄρχων, romanized: árchōn, plural: Greek: ἄρχοντες, romanized: árchontes), in Gnosticism and religions closely related to it, are the builders of the physical universe. Among the Archontics, Ophites, Sethians and in the writings of Nag Hammadi library, the archons are rulers, each related to one of seven planets; they prevent souls from leaving the material realm. The political connotation of their name reflects rejection of the governmental system, as flawed without chance of true salvation. In Manichaeism, the archons are the rulers of a realm within the "Kingdom of Darkness", who together make up the Prince of Darkness. In the Hypostasis of the Archons, the physical appearance of Archons is described as androgynous, with their faces being those of beasts.

Yaldabaoth
Yaldabaoth, otherwise known as Jaldabaoth or Ialdabaoth (/ˌjɑːldəˈbeɪɒθ/;  Koine Greek: Ιαλδαβαώθ, romanized: Ialdabaóth; Latin: Ialdabaoth; Coptic: ⲒⲀⲖⲦⲀⲂⲀⲰⲐ Ialtabaôth), is a malevolent god and demiurge (creator of the material world) according to various Gnostic sects, represented sometimes as a theriomorphic, lion-headed serpent. He is identified as a false god who keeps souls trapped in physical bodies, imprisoned in the material universe.
Sibilla Hutton
Sibilla "Sibbie" Hutton (died 1808) was a Scottish milliner and shopkeeper in 18th century Edinburgh. She became well known for operating a millinery in what today is Edinburgh City Chambers. She was a target of caricature for her fashion sense and "stout"ness.

Edinburgh City Chambers
Edinburgh City Chambers in Edinburgh, Scotland, is the meeting place of the City of Edinburgh Council and its predecessors, Edinburgh Corporation and Edinburgh District Council. It is a Category A listed building.
Ulmus rubra
Ulmus rubra, the slippery elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. It is closely related to the European wych elm (U. glabra), which has a very similar flower structure but lacks the pubescence over the seed.

Ulmus americana
Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures.  The American elm was once exceptionally common as a street tree, its tolerance of urban conditions making it a popular choice to line American streets in the 19th and early 20th centuries.  The coming of beetles bearing Dutch elm disease devastated the American elm population, starting in the 1920s.  The species still holds out in some locations, but is also no longer nearly as common as during its height.

The wood was seldom utilized until the advent of mechanical sawing. It is the state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota.
SlideShare
SlideShare is an American hosting service, now owned by Scribd, for professional content including presentations, infographics, documents, and videos. Users can upload files privately or publicly in PowerPoint, Word, or PDF format. Content can then be viewed on the site itself, on mobile devices or embedded on other sites. SlideShare also provides users the ability to rate, comment on, and share the uploaded content. Launched on October 4, 2006, the service positioned itself to be similar to YouTube, but for presentations. The company was acquired by LinkedIn in 2012, and then by Scribd in 2020.

In 2018, it was estimated that the website gets an estimated 80 million unique visitors a month. SlideShare's biggest competitors include Zoho.com, Issuu and edocr.

Scribd
Scribd Inc. (pronounced /ˈskrɪbd/) is an American media company that operates four primary platforms: Scribd, Everand, SlideShare, and Fable. Scribd is a digital document library that hosts over 195 million documents. Everand is a digital content subscription service offering a wide selection of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts, and sheet music. SlideShare is an online platform featuring over 15 million presentations from subject matter experts.

The company was founded in 2007 by Trip Adler, Jared Friedman, and Tikhon Bernstam, and headquartered in San Francisco, California. Tony Grimminck took over as CEO in 2024.
Jehangir Nicholson Art Foundation
The Jehangir Nicholson Art Foundation (JNAF) is a private, not-for-profit organization located in Mumbai, India, with its core interest in promoting the preservation, exhibition, education, and research of post-colonial Indian modern art. The collection is endowed by the personal collection of the late Jehangir Nicholson, comprising over 800 pieces of art across mediums from artists including M. F. Husain, Vasudeo S. Gaitonde, S. H. Raza, K. H. Ara. The foundation is currently housed in the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (CSMVS), and functions as the modern and contemporary art wing of the museum.

S. H. Raza
Sayed Haider Raza LH (22 February 1922 – 23 July 2016) was an Indian painter who lived and worked in France for most of his career. He moved to France in 1950, marrying the French artist Janine Mongillat in 1959. Following her death from cancer in 2002, Raza returned to India in 2010, where he would live until his death.

Having maintained strong ties with India throughout his career, Raza was an acclaimed for his art both there and in France. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1981, Fellowship of the Lalit Kala Academi in 1984, Padma Bhushan in 2007, and Padma Vibhushan in 2013. He was conferred with the Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour) on 14 July 2015.

His seminal work Saurashtra sold for ₹16.42 crore ($3,486,965) at a Christie's auction in 2010.
Dazzler (weapon)
A dazzler is a non-lethal weapon which uses intense directed radiation to temporarily disorient its target with flash blindness. They can effectively deter further advances, regardless of language or cultural barriers, but can also be used for hailing and warning. Targets can include electronic sensors as well as human vision.

Initially developed for military use, non-military products are becoming available for use in law enforcement and security.

Flash blindness
Flash blindness is an either temporary or permanent visual impairment during and following exposure of a varying length of time to a light flash of extremely high intensity, such as a nuclear explosion, flash photograph, lightning strike, or extremely bright light, i.e. a searchlight, laser pointer, landing lights, the Sun, or ultraviolet light. The bright light overwhelms the retinas of the eyes and generally gradually fades, lasting anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes. However, if the eyes are exposed to a high enough level of light, such as a nuclear explosion, the blindness can become permanent.

Flash blindness may also occur in everyday life. For example, the subject of a flash photograph can be temporarily flash blinded. This phenomenon is leveraged in non-lethal weapons such as flash grenades and laser dazzlers.
Georgia State Route 7
State Route 7 (SR 7) is a 216.0-mile-long (347.6 km) state highway that travels in a southeast-to-northwest orientation through portions of Lowndes, Cook, Tift, Turner, Crisp, Dooly, Houston, Peach, Crawford, Monroe, Lamar, Pike, and Spalding counties in the southern and central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Florida state line southeast of Lake Park to the Griffin area, via Valdosta, Tifton, Cordele, Perry, and Barnesville. The highway is concurrent with either US 41 or US 341 for its entire length, and closely parallels I-75 for much of its length.

SR 7 was established at least as early as 1919 along nearly the same path it travels today. US 41/SR 7 was designated on a concurrency with I-75 northwest of Valdosta to Hahira in 1982. US 41/SR 7 were re-routed onto an eastern bypass of Valdosta in 2006.

Crisp County, Georgia
Crisp County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,128. The county seat is Cordele. The county was created on August 17, 1905, from Dooly County and named for Georgia Congressman Charles Frederick Crisp.

Crisp County comprises the Cordele, GA micropolitan statistical area.
Mary Dublin Keyserling
Mary Dublin Keyserling (1911–1997) was a liberal economist and federal employee noted for her sometimes contrarian views on issues faced by working women. Her time as an economist is largely linked to her time as a federal employee by her career and positions in the United States government. During her career as head of the United States Women's Bureau, Keyserling and her husband Leon Keyserling faced loyalty allegations during the Red Scare that impacted their governmental careers.

Leon Keyserling
Leon Hirsch Keyserling (January 11, 1908 – August 9, 1987) was an American economist and lawyer who served as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers from 1950 to 1953. During his tenure, he advised President Harry S. Truman on the economic issues and helped draft major pieces of Fair Deal legislation.
Big Brown Power Plant
Big Brown Power Plant was a 1.15-gigawatt (1,150 MW) coal power plant located northeast of Fairfield near Fairfield Lake State Park in Freestone County, Texas. It was operated by Vistra Corp's subsidiary, Luminant. The plant operated from 1971 to 2018.

Fairfield Lake State Park
Fairfield Lake State Park was a state park located in Freestone County, Texas, United States, northeast of Fairfield on the shores of Fairfield Lake, the subject of a contentious battle between the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) (which leased and operated the park until June 2023) and a private developer (who purchased the land from the prior owner). The park is 1,460 acres (591 ha).
Norwegian County Road 407
Norwegian county road 407 (Fylkesvei 407) is a Norwegian county road in Agder county, Norway.  The 13.9-kilometre (8.6 mi) highway runs between the village of Vik in Grimstad municipality and Sponvika on the south side of the city of Arendal in Arendal municipality.  Prior to the transportation reforms of 2010, this road was a Norwegian national road, but since then it was taken over by the county.

Vik, Grimstad
Vik is a village in Grimstad municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located at the northern end of the Kilen bay that flows past the town of Grimstad. The village sits at the junction of Norwegian County Road 420 and Norwegian County Road 407 on the south side of the European route E18 highway. The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Fjære. The historic Fjære Church lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of the village.
Barberton Greenstone Belt
The Barberton Greenstone Belt is a geologic formation situated on the eastern edge of the Kaapvaal craton in South Africa. It is known for its gold mineralisation and for its komatiites, an unusual type of ultramafic volcanic rock named after the Komati River that flows through the belt. Some of the oldest exposed rocks on Earth (greater than 3.6 Ga) are located in the Barberton Greenstone Belt of the Eswatini–Barberton areas and these contain some of the oldest traces of life on Earth, second only to the Isua Greenstone Belt of Western Greenland. The Makhonjwa Mountains make up 40% of the Baberton belt. It is named after the town Barberton, Mpumalanga.

Barberton, South Africa
Barberton is a town in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, which has its origin in the 1880s gold rush in the region. It is situated in the De Kaap Valley and is fringed by the Makhonjwa Mountains. It is 43 kilometres (27 mi) south of Mbombela and 360 kilometres (220 mi) east of Johannesburg.

Barberton was the seat of the Umjindi Local Municipality until the day of the 2016 Municipal Elections, when the Umjindi Local Municipality was merged into the Mbombela Local Municipality.
Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada
The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada is a reserve infantry regiment in 34 Canadian Brigade Group, 2nd Canadian Division, of the Canadian Army. The regiment is at 2067, rue Bleury (2067, Bleury Street) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and is currently commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel R.M. Unger. The regiment's armoury was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2008. They are the senior Canadian-Scottish Regiment.

Canadian-Scottish regiment
Canadian-Scottish regiments are regiments in the Canadian Army that maintain the traditions and style of dress used by Scottish regiments.  Although these units maintain Scottish dress and traditions, recruitment for these units is open to all Canadians.

The Canadian Army maintains sixteen Canadian-Scottish infantry regiments, and one Canadian-Scottish artillery regiment. All Canadian-Scottish infantry regiments form a part of the Canadian Army Reserve. In addition to active units, there also exists one Canadian-Scottish regiment in the Canadian Army's Supplementary Order of Battle.
Bright GFC
Bright Gaelic Football Club (GFC) is a Gaelic athletic club (GAC), affiliated with the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), in the parish of Bright in County Down, Northern Ireland. It organises activities in several Gaelic games, including Gaelic football, hurling, and camogie.

Bright, County Down
Bright is a civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the barony of Lecale Upper. It lies approximately three miles southeast of Downpatrick, near the road to Killough. The parish includes 21 townlands and covers around 5,544 acres of mostly agricultural land (the townland is 336 acres). Bright is mentioned in the Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick by its old Irish name of Mrechtan.
Kokum butter
Kokum butter or kokum oil is a fat derived from the seeds of the kokum tree (Garcinia indica; also known as wild mangosteen or red mangosteen).  Kokum butter is edible, but can also be used for things other than cooking.

Kokum fruits are collected for seeds from April to May. A tree yields 10–15 kilograms seeds, on average. The fruit contains 5 to 8 large seeds, compressed and embedded in an acidic pulp. The seeds account for 20–23% of the fruit's weight. The kernel accounts for 60% of the fruit's weight and 61% of the seed's weight. The oil content of the seeds is 23–26%. The oil content of the kernel is about 44% of the seed's weight. A kernel contains 41–42% oil and upto 17% protein.

Garcinia indica
Garcinia indica, a plant in the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as kokum, is a fruit-bearing tree that has culinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses. It grows primarily in India's Western Ghats: in the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. It is considered as an endemic species to the Western Ghats and forests in India.
Willie Roaf
William Layton Roaf (born April 18, 1970), nicknamed "Nasty", is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons. He played college football for Louisiana Tech Bulldogs, where he earned consensus All-American honors.  He was a first-round pick in the 1993 NFL draft, and played professionally for the New Orleans Saints and Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL.  An 11-time Pro Bowl selection and nine-time All-Pro, he was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2012 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014.

Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football
The Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team represents Louisiana Tech University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. After 12 seasons in the Western Athletic Conference, Louisiana Tech began competing as a member of Conference USA in 2013.

Since its first season in 1901, Louisiana Tech has compiled an all-time record of 653 wins, 508 losses, and 37 ties. In 121 football seasons, the Bulldogs have won 3 Division II national championships, won 25 conference championships, and played in 30 postseason games, including 15 major college bowl games. Since 1968, the Bulldogs have played their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Sonny Cumbie.

The Bulldogs will join the Sun Belt Conference as a full member no later than July 1, 2027.