hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muslim United Front
The Muslim United Front (MUF) was a 'polyglot coalition' of Islamic Kashmiri political parties that contested the 1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election in the erstwhile Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Jamaat-e-Islami of Jammu and Kashmir was a key constituent party of the coalition. The MUF won four Assembly seats in the 1987 election. However, widespread rigging of the election by the ruling National Conference party was reported. In the absence of such rigging, commentators believe that it could have won fifteen to twenty seats, a contention admitted by the National Conference leader Farooq Abdullah.

The disaffection caused by the election gave rise to the Kashmir insurgency, which continues to this day.

The present day Hurriyat Conference is largely inspired by the former MUF coalition.

Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir
The Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir or Jamaat-e-Islami Jammu and Kashmir (JIJK) is an Islamic political party based in the city of Srinagar in the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is distinct from the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind. The organisation's stated position on the Kashmir conflict is that Kashmir is a disputed territory and the issue must be sorted as per the UN or through tripartite talks between India, Pakistan and representatives of Kashmir.
Liujia railway station
Liujia (traditional Chinese: 六家車站; simplified Chinese: 六家车站; pinyin: Liùjiā Chēzhàn) is a railway station on Taiwan Railway Liujia line located in Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan.

Transfers to THSR Hsinchu station can be made at this station.

Hsinchu HSR station
Hsinchu (Chinese: 新竹; pinyin: Xīnzhú; Wade–Giles: Hsin¹-chu²) is a railway station in Hsinchu County, Taiwan served by Taiwan High Speed Rail. It opened for service in 2006. The station was designed by Taiwanese architect Kris Yao. Transfers to Taiwan Railway Liujia station can be made at this station, which links to the Hsinchu TRA station located In Hsinchu City. Hsinchu HSR station is 11 km away from Hsinchu TRA station.
Apple Filing Protocol
The Apple Filing Protocol (AFP), formerly AppleTalk Filing Protocol, is a proprietary network protocol, and part of the Apple File Service (AFS), that offers file services for macOS, classic Mac OS, and Apple II computers.  In OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion and earlier, AFP was the primary protocol for file services. Starting with OS X 10.9 Mavericks, Server Message Block (SMB) was made the primary file sharing protocol, with the ability to run an AFP server removed later in macOS 11 Big Sur and the client being marked for deprecation in the 15.5 update of macOS Sequoia. AFP supports Unicode file names, POSIX and access-control list permissions, resource forks, named extended attributes, and advanced file locking.

Resource fork
A resource fork is a fork of a file on Apple's classic Mac OS operating system that is used to store structured data. It is one of the two forks of a file, along with the data fork, which stores data that the operating system treats as unstructured.: 1-4  Resource fork capability has been carried over to the modern macOS for compatibility.

A resource fork stores information in a specific form, containing details such as icon bitmaps, the shapes of windows, definitions of menus and their contents, and application code (machine code). Any file can have a resource fork, not just applications - for example, the screen position of a document window might be stored as a resource in the document's resource fork, separate from the document's contents stored in the data fork.: 1-5
Alvdal Municipality
Alvdal is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Alvdal. Other villages include Barkald, Plassmoen, and Strømmen. The municipality is located to the south of Tynset Municipality, north and west of Rendalen Municipality, north of Stor-Elvdal Municipality, and east of Folldal Municipality. The Rørosbane railway and the Norwegian National Road 3 both pass through Alvdal.

The 942-square-kilometre (364 sq mi) municipality is the 124th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Alvdal Municipality is the 254th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,509. The municipality's population density is 2.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.0/sq mi) and its population has increased by 3.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Stor-Elvdal Municipality
Stor-Elvdal is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Koppang. Other villages in the municipality include Atna, Evenstad, and Sollia.

The 2,166-square-kilometre (836 sq mi) municipality is the 29th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Stor-Elvdal Municipality is the 267th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,250. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 15.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Cogset
On a bicycle, the cassette or cluster is the set of multiple sprockets that attaches to the hub on the rear wheel. A cogset works with a rear derailleur to provide multiple gear ratios to the rider. Cassettes come in two varieties, freewheels or cassettes, of which cassettes are a newer development. Although cassettes and freewheels perform the same function and look almost the same when installed, they have important mechanical differences and are not interchangeable.

Derailleur
A derailleur (/dɪˈreɪlər/ di-RAYL-ər; /dɪˈreɪljər/ di-RAYL-yər) is specifically a device that moves a bicycle chain from one sprocket to another, and more generally the entire gearset on a multiple-speed bicycle with such a mechanism.

Modern front and rear derailleurs typically consist of a moveable chain-guide that is operated remotely by a Bowden cable attached to a shifter mounted on the down tube, handlebar stem, or handlebar. When a rider operates the lever while pedalling, the change in cable tension moves the chain-guide from side to side, "derailing" the chain onto different sprockets.
Fremont Assembly
Fremont Assembly was a General Motors automobile factory in Fremont, California, in the San Francisco area, replacing the older Oakland Assembly. Groundbreaking for the plant occurred in September 1961, and the plant produced its first vehicle on May 1, 1963. Production continued through March 1, 1982, when the plant was closed after production problems. After closure, the plant was refurbished and reopened as the more successful NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.) joint-venture between GM and Toyota between 1984 and 2010, and later became the Tesla Factory in 2010.

Tesla Fremont Factory
The Tesla Fremont Factory is an automobile manufacturing plant in Fremont, California, United States, operated by Tesla, Inc. The factory originally opened as General Motors' Fremont Assembly in 1962, and then was operated by New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI), a joint venture of GM and Toyota from 1984. The joint venture ended when GM entered bankruptcy in 2009. In 2010, Toyota agreed to sell the plant to Tesla at a significant discount. The plant is the only production site for the Model S and Model X and also produces the Model 3, and Model Y.

In 2023, the Fremont Factory produced nearly 560,000 vehicles and employed over 20,000 people. Tesla says the factory has the capacity to produce up to 100,000 Model S and X vehicles and 550,000 Model 3 and Y vehicles annually.
Boussingaultite
Boussingaultite is a rare ammonium magnesium hydrated sulfate mineral of the chemical formula: (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6 H2O. The formula of boussingaultite is that of Tutton's salts type. It was originally described from geothermal fields in Tuscany, Italy, where it occurs together with its iron analogue mohrite, but is more commonly found on burning coal dumps. The mineral possess monoclinic symmetry and forms clear, often rounded crystals.

The mineral is named after the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1802–1887).

Nickelboussingaultite has been found in a meteorite.

Mohrite
Mohrite, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6 H2O, is a rare ammonium iron(II) sulfate mineral originally found in the geothermal fields of Tuscany, Italy.  This Fe-dominant analogue of boussingaultite is sometimes reported from burning coal dumps where it is a product of pyrite oxidation.

The mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/a.
Atsushi Sakurai
Atsushi Sakurai (Japanese: 櫻井 敦司, Hepburn: Sakurai Atsushi; March 7, 1966 – October 19, 2023) was a Japanese musician. He was the lead vocalist and primary lyricist of the rock band Buck-Tick from 1985 until his death in 2023. Initially joining as their drummer in 1983, Sakurai fronted the band for 38 years and 23 studio albums, nearly all of which reached the top ten on Japan's Oricon chart. Sakurai and Buck-Tick are commonly credited as among the founders of the visual kei movement.

Sakurai released the solo album Ai no Wakusei in 2004, and was a member of Schwein alongside his Buck-Tick bandmate Hisashi Imai, Sascha Konietzko and Raymond Watts. In 2015, he debuted a solo project called The Mortal. After falling ill during a Buck-Tick concert, Sakurai died from a brainstem hemorrhage in a Yokohama hospital on October 19, 2023.

Hisashi Imai
Hisashi Imai (Japanese: 今井 寿, Hepburn: Imai Hisashi; born October 21, 1965) is a Japanese musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Buck-Tick since 1983. Following the October 2023 death of vocalist Atsushi Sakurai, Imai began sharing lead vocal duties in the band with fellow guitarist Hidehiko Hoshino. He has also performed in side-projects such as the duo Schaft with Soft Ballet member Maki Fujii, the supergroup Schwein, and the rock trio Lucy. Imai is known for his visual aesthetics, and Buck-Tick are commonly credited as one of the founders of the visual kei movement.
Kathy Glover
Kathy Brookman (also Bates, Merrick, Tate and Glover) is a fictional character from the British television soap opera Emmerdale, played by Malandra Burrows. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 26 November 1985. In 2001, new series producer Steve Frost decided to write the character out. Burrows briefly reprised the role in 2005, as Kathy returns for the funeral of Seth Armstrong (Stan Richards).

Kathy was one of the show's central characters throughout her time. At the time of her departure, was the longest-running female character in the programme, and fourth overall, behind Jack Sugden (Clive Hornby), Seth and Alan Turner (Richard Thorp). Her storylines included three failed marriages, suffering a miscarriage, an affair with Josh Lewis, opening the village tea rooms, an ill-fated engagement to Biff Fowler (Stuart Wade), kidnap and suffering a breakdown.

Alan Turner (Emmerdale)
Alan Turner is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Emmerdale, played by Richard Thorp. He debuted on-screen on 23 March 1982. Thorp died on 22 May 2013 and the last scenes that Thorp filmed as Alan were aired on 4 June 2013 in a special hour-long episode dedicated to him. At the time of his death, he was the longest-running character in the programme. It was announced on 12 September 2013 that Alan would be killed off-screen in late October with his daughter Steph (Lorraine Chase) returning for his funeral. Alan died in his sleep on 24 October 2013.
Sai gork
Sai gork (Lao: ໄສ້ກອກ, also sai gok, sai kok or sai krok), also known as soured Lao sausage, is a sour sausage in Lao cuisine. The ingredients for sai oua (Lao sausage) and sai gork are mainly the same, but sai gork uses cooked Lao sticky rice as an additional ingredient in the filling. The sai gork is then allowed to "sour" or ferment at room temperature for several days. This style of Lao sausage can also be found in Northern and Northeastern Thailand where the Lao cultural and culinary influence have reached.

Sai oua
Sai oua, sometimes also known as Laotian sausage (Lao: ໄສ້ອັ່ວ, pronounced [sȁj ʔūa], also sai ua: Thai: ไส้อั่ว, pronounced [sâj ʔùa]; Northern Thai: ไส้อั่ว, pronounced [sa᷇j ʔùa]; Northeastern Thai: ไส้อั่ว, pronounced [sàj ʔúa]), is a popular type of sausage made in Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand, particularly in northern Thailand and northern Laos. It is prepared from coarsely chopped fatty pork seasoned with lemongrass, galangal, kaffir lime leaves, shallots, cilantro, chilies, garlic, salt, sticky rice and fish sauce.

"Lao sausage" is a broad term used to describe the local variant of Lao-style sai oua sausages found in Laos, and northern and northeastern Thailand. In Shan State, Myanmar, this sausage is known as sai long phik. In Thailand, it is also known as northern Thai sausage or Chiang Mai sausage. Sai oua is a standard food of Thailand's northern provinces and has become popular in the rest of Thailand as well.
Bigha
The bigha or beegah (Urdu: بیگھا, Hindi: बीघा, Bengali: বিঘা)  is a traditional unit of measurement of area of a land, commonly used in northern & eastern India, Bangladesh and Nepal. There is no "standard" size of bigha and it varies considerably from place to place.

On an average, Bigha ranges from 6,806.25 square feet (632.321 m2) to 27,225 square feet (2,529.3 m2). Its sub-unit is Biswa or Katha in many regions, but it has no "standard" size. A bigha may have 5 to 20 Katha/ biswa in different regions, where 1 Katha is usually 1,361.25 square feet (126.464 m2) or 151.25 square yard.

Katha (unit)
Katha or Biswa (also spelled kattha or cottah; Hindi: कट्ठा, Assamese: কঠা, Bengali: কাঠা) is a unit of area mostly used for land measurement in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. After metrication in the mid-20th century by these countries, the unit became officially obsolete. But this unit is still in use in much of Bangladesh, Northern India, Eastern India and Nepal. The measurement of katha varies significantly from place to place.

In Purvanchal, 1 Katha = 1,361.25 square feet (126.464 m2) or 151.25 square yard. One Bigha is made up of 5 to 20 Katha. Katha is divided into 20 Dhur and Dhur is subdivided into 20 Dhurki.
Yellow pine
In ecology and forestry, yellow pine refers to a number of conifer species that tend to grow in similar plant communities and yield similar strong wood. In the Western United States, yellow pine refers to Jeffrey pine or ponderosa pine.: 4  In the Southeastern United States, yellow pine refers to longleaf pine, shortleaf pine, slash pine, or loblolly pine. In the United Kingdom, yellow pine refers to eastern white pine or Scots pine. In New Zealand, it refers to Halocarpus biformis.

Pinus elliottii
Pinus elliottii, commonly known as slash pine, is a conifer tree native to the Southeastern United States. Slash pine is named after the "slashes" – swampy ground overgrown with trees and bushes – that constitute its habitat. Other common names include swamp pine, yellow slash pine, and southern Florida pine. Slash pine has two different varieties: P. e. var. elliottii and P. e. var. densa. Historically, slash pine has been an important economic timber for naval stores, turpentine, and resin. The wood of slash pine is known for its unusually high strength, especially for a pine. It exceeds many hardwoods and is even comparable to very dense woods such as black ironwood.
Micro Mobility Systems
Micro Mobility Systems Ltd, known as Micro, is a Swiss company that produces urban vehicles such as kickscooters and the Microlino, a small electric car which was first presented at the Geneva Motor Show in 2016. In the United States, Micro's products are sold under the brand "Micro Kickboard" for trademark reasons. The company holds several patents for its products.

Kick scooter
A kick scooter (also referred to as a push-scooter or scooter) is a human-powered street vehicle with a handlebar, deck, and wheels propelled by a rider pushing off the ground with their leg. Today the most common scooters are made of aluminum, titanium, and steel. Some kick scooters made for younger children have 3 to 4 wheels (but most common ones have 2 wheels) and are made of plastic and do not fold. High-performance kickbikes are also made. A company that had once made the Razor Scooters revitalized the design in the mid-nineties and early two-thousands. Three-wheel models where the frame forks into two decks are known as Y scooters or trikkes.

Motorized scooters, historically powered by internal combustion engines, and more recently electric motors, are self-propelled kick scooters capable of speeds sometimes exceeding 30 km/h (19 mph).
Launière River
The Launière River is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

This watercourse is located in the south center of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. This valley is indirectly accessible by the Antonio-Talbot road. Secondary forest roads serve the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

The surface of the Launière River (except the rapids zones) is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.

Jacques-Cartier River
The Jacques-Cartier River is a river in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is 161 km long and its source is Jacques-Cartier Lake in Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, and flows in a predominantly southern direction before ending in the Saint Lawrence River at Donnacona, about 30 km upstream from Quebec City.

It is currently under nomination for Canadian Heritage River status.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second; agriculture activities in lower part, third.

The surface of the Jacques-Cartier River (except the rapids areas) is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from end of December to the beginning of March.
2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement
The 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement was a students' movement demanding reforms in policies regarding recruitment in the Bangladesh government services. Bangladesh Sadharon Chhatra Odhikar Songrokkhon Parishad (Bangladesh General Students' Right Conservation Council) initiated movement initially began in Shahbag and on Dhaka University campus on 17 February 2018, and eventually spread country-wide by 8 April 2018. The movement rapidly attained popularity among students of different universities and colleges forcing the government to announce changes.

Bangladesh Chhatra Odhikar Parishad
Bangladesh Chhatra Odhikar Parishad (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ছাত্র অধিকার পরিষদ, lit. 'Bangladesh Students' Rights Council'), abbreviated as BSRC, is a Bangladeshi student organisation. Founded by Nurul Haque Nur and Hasan Al Mamun, it is the student wing of Gono Odhikar Parishad.
Elongated square bipyramid
In geometry, the elongated square bipyramid (or elongated octahedron) is the polyhedron constructed by attaching two equilateral square pyramids onto a cube's faces that are opposite each other. It can also be seen as 4 lunes (squares with triangles on opposite sides) linked together with squares to squares and triangles to triangles. It is also been named the pencil cube or 12-faced pencil cube due to its shape.

A zircon crystal is an example of an elongated square bipyramid.

Square pyramid
In geometry, a square pyramid is a pyramid with a square base and four triangles, having a total of five faces. If the  apex of the pyramid is directly above the center of the square, it becomes a form of right pyramid with four isosceles triangles. When all of the pyramid's edges are equal in length, its triangles are all equilateral, an example of a Johnson solid.

Square pyramids have appeared throughout the history of architecture, with examples being Egyptian pyramids and many other similar buildings. They also occur in chemistry in square pyramidal molecular structures. Square pyramids are often used in the construction of other polyhedra and as the cell of a four-dimensional polytope called cubic pyramid. Square pyramidal number is a natural number that counts the number of spheres stacked into a square pyramid. Many mathematicians in ancient times discovered the formula for the volume of a square pyramid with different approaches.
Nouvelle Star
Nouvelle Star (pronounced [nuvɛl staʁ]; also known as À la Recherche de la Nouvelle Star for the first season) is a French television series based on the popular Pop Idol programme produced by FremantleMedia. It was broadcast by M6 in seasons 1–8 before D8 aired seasons 9—12. M6 broadcast the 13th and final season.

It was hosted by Benjamin Castaldi for the first three seasons (2003–2005). He also hosted 13 episodes of seasons 4 (2006). Virginie Efira presented the remainder of season 4, as well as presenting seasons 5 and 6. Virginie Guilhaume hosted seasons 7 and 8. Since season 9, Cyril Hanouna is the Nouvelle Star's TV host.

On 4 July 2012, Bibiane Godfroid, program director of Nouvelle Star announced that the show will not return on M6 but will instead be on D8, after its acquisition by Canal +.

In 2017, M6 confirmed that season 13 would be the last.

À la Recherche de la Nouvelle Star
À la recherche de la nouvelle star  (Looking for the new Star) is a reality television show based on the popular British show Pop Idol. The show is a contest to determine the best young singer in La Francophonie. It was hosted by Benjamin Castaldi. The Belgian singer Jonatan Cerrada won over Thierry Amiel with 50.4% of the total votes, and went on to represent France at the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, with "À chaque pas".

After the first season the show was renamed Nouvelle Star.
Wellsville, New York
Wellsville is a town and largest community in Allegany County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 7,099.

Wellsville is centrally located in the south half of the county, 8 miles (13 km) north of the Pennsylvania border. Wellsville is also the name of the main village within this town. The village and the town have two separate, paid governments. Alfred State College maintains a branch campus in the town, with the main campus in Alfred 7 miles (11 km) east.

Wellsville (village), New York
Wellsville is a village in Allegany County, New York, United States. Located in south-central wooded and rural Allegany County, it is the largest population and business center in a 30-mile (48 km) radius. The population was 4,587 at the 2020 census. The village's name is not, as some suppose, derived from the oil wells that became an important economic part of the area, but rather for Gardiner Wells, a local businessman.

The village of Wellsville is circumscribed by the town of Wellsville, adding another approximately 3,000 people to the population (approx. 7,000 combined village and town). Alfred State College maintains a branch by the south end of the village. Wellsville Airport, Tarantine Field, located to the west of the village, provides general aviation and charter services.