hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Covering group
In mathematics, a covering group of a topological group H is a covering space G of H such that G is a topological group and the covering map p : G → H is a continuous group homomorphism. The map p is called the covering homomorphism. A frequently occurring case is a double covering group, a topological double cover in which H has index 2 in G; examples include the spin groups, pin groups, and metaplectic groups.

Roughly explained, saying that for example the metaplectic group Mp2n is a double cover of the symplectic group Sp2n means that there are always two elements in the metaplectic group representing one element in the symplectic group.

Spin group
In mathematics the spin group, denoted Spin(n), is a Lie group whose underlying manifold is the double cover of the special orthogonal group SO(n) = SO(n, R), such that there exists a short exact sequence of Lie groups (when n ≠ 2)

The group multiplication law on the double cover is given by lifting the multiplication on .

As a Lie group, Spin(n) therefore shares its dimension, ⁠n(n − 1)/2⁠, and its Lie algebra with the special orthogonal group.

For n > 2, Spin(n) is simply connected and so coincides with the universal cover of SO(n).

The non-trivial element of the kernel is denoted −1, which should not be confused with the orthogonal transform of reflection through the origin, generally denoted −I.

Spin(n) can be constructed as a subgroup of the invertible elements in the Clifford algebra Cl(n). A distinct article discusses the spin representations.
China Cables
The China Cables are a collection of secret Chinese government documents from 2017 which were leaked by exiled Uyghurs to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, and published on 24 November 2019. The documents include a telegram which details the first known operations manual for running the Xinjiang internment camps, and bulletins which illustrate how China's centralized data collection system and mass surveillance tool, known as the Integrated Joint Operations Platform, uses artificial intelligence to identify people for interrogation and potential detention.

The Chinese government has called the cables "pure fabrication" and "fake news", further stating that the West were "slandering and smearing" them. The documents release sparked renewed attention to the Uyghur internment camps and persecution of Uyghurs in China.

Mass surveillance in China
Mass surveillance in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the network of monitoring systems used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chinese government to monitor Chinese citizens. China maintains the largest and most sophisticated mass surveillance system in the world. It is primarily conducted through the government, although corporate surveillance in connection with the CCP and Chinese government also has been reported. China monitors its citizens through Internet surveillance, camera surveillance, and through other digital technologies. The surveillance has become increasingly widespread and grown in sophistication under General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping's administration.
PlayStation Move Heroes
PlayStation Move Heroes is a 2011 action-adventure video game developed by Nihilistic Software and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. It utilizes the PlayStation Move controller. It is a crossover of the Ratchet & Clank, Jak and Daxter and Sly Cooper franchises to form a total of six main characters.

Sly Cooper
Sly Cooper is a series of stealth action-adventure video games created by Sucker Punch Productions and owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The series follows the adventures of Sly Cooper, an anthropomorphic raccoon and master thief, along with his two partners in crime, Bentley the turtle and Murray the hippopotamus, all of whom are pursued by Sly's love interest, Inspector Carmelita Fox. Sanzaru Games developed the fourth game and remastered the original trilogy for the PlayStation 3 and the PlayStation Vita in a compilation titled The Sly Collection.

Sly Cooper himself has become one of the most popular PlayStation video game characters, and has appeared in other Sony games such as crossover games PlayStation Move Heroes (2011) and PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale (2012). Both an animated feature film and television series based on the series have also been in development, though neither have come to fruition.
Doddington, Cheshire
Doddington is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Doddington and District, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of  Cheshire, England, which lies to the north east of Audlem and to the south of Crewe. Nearby villages include Blakenhall, Bridgemere, Checkley, Hatherton, Walgherton and Wybunbury. The A51 runs north–south through the parish.

In 2001, the civil parish had a population of 44. At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Plumley.

Bridgemere
Bridgemere is a village (at SJ717454) and former civil parish, now in the parish of Doddington and District, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is around 7 miles (11 km) south east of Nantwich and 12 miles (19 km) west of Stoke-on-Trent. The southern boundary of the parish is on the border with Shropshire. The civil parish also included the small settlements of Admiral's Gorse, Parrah Green, Prince Hill, Seven Stars and Wheel Green. In 2011 the parish had a population of 148. Nearby towns include Crewe in Cheshire, Market Drayton and Whitchurch in Shropshire, and villages include Blakenhall, Buerton and Hankelow in Cheshire, Madeley, Staffordshire and Woore, Shropshire.
Tacoma-class frigate
The Tacoma class was a class of 96 patrol frigates which served in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. Originally classified as gunboats (PG), they were reclassified as patrol frigates (PF) on 15 April 1943. The class is named for its lead ship, Tacoma, a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) S2-S2-AQ1 design, which in turn was named for the city of Tacoma, Washington. Twenty-one ships were transferred to the British Royal Navy, in which they were known as Colony-class frigates, and twenty-eight ships were transferred under Lend-Lease to the Soviet Navy, where they were designated as storozhevoi korabl ("escort ships"), during World War II. All Tacoma-class ships in US service during World War II were manned by United States Coast Guard crews. Tacoma-class ships were transferred to the United States Coast Guard and various navies post-World War II.

Colony-class frigate
The Colony-class frigates were a series of 21 frigates constructed in the United States by the Walsh-Kaiser Company of Providence, Rhode Island, for transfer under Lend-Lease to the Royal Navy in 1944. Each was named after a relatively minor Crown colony or other constituent territory of the British Commonwealth and Empire. Names of large British colonies had been used for the Crown Colony-class cruisers.
Cadell Fault
The Cadell Fault is a north-south trending intra-plate geological fault in the Riverina area of New South Wales and Victoria, in Australia.  It straddles the Murray River and, in quite recent geological times, has affected its course, as well as the courses of the Edward River, Wakool River, Goulburn River and Campaspe River.  The Cadell Fault is notable due to that impact and has been described as one of the most significant examples of seismic activity changing the course of rivers.  The fault is visible as a continuous earthen ridge along the Cobb Highway between Deniliquin and Echuca, and extends further south into Victoria.  The fault is likely named after Francis Cadell, an early European pioneer of the Murray River and river trader.

Edward River
Edward River, or Kolety is an anabranch of the Murray River and part of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the western Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia.

The river rises at Picnic Point east of Mathoura, as a result of the bottleneck created in the Murray by the Cadell Fault, and flows generally north through river red gum forest, reaching Deniliquin and then flowing generally west through Moulamein. It is joined by six minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Wakool River and re-entering the Murray at Wakool Junction, near Kyalite. The river descends 49 metres (161 ft) over its 383-kilometre (238 mi) course.

Kolety was gazetted as a dual official name for the river in 2006.
Chimney Rock National Monument
Chimney Rock National Monument is a 4,726-acre (1,913 ha) U.S. National Monument in San Juan National Forest in southwestern Colorado which includes an archaeological site.  This area is located in Archuleta County, Colorado, between Durango and Pagosa Springs, and is managed for archaeological protection, public interpretation, and education.  The Chimney Rock Archaeological Site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1970.  U.S. President Barack Obama created Chimney Rock National Monument by proclamation on September 21, 2012, under authority of the Antiquities Act.

San Juan National Forest
The San Juan National Forest is a U.S. national forest covering over 1,878,846 acres (2,935.7 sq mi, or 7,603.42 km²) in western Colorado. The forest occupies land in Archuleta, Conejos, Dolores, Hinsdale, La Plata, Mineral, Montezuma, Rio Grande, San Miguel and San Juan Counties. It borders the Uncompahgre National Forest to the north and the Rio Grande National Forest to the east.  The forest covers most of the southern portion of the San Juan Mountains west of the Continental Divide. The forest contains two alpine wilderness areas; the Weminuche and South San Juan, as well as the Piedra Area.
The Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad passes through the National Forest.

The name of the forest comes from the San Juan River, which was originally called the Rio San Juan, after Saint John the Baptist (San Juan Bautista in Spanish).
Government of Azad Kashmir
The Government of Azad Kashmir (Urdu:  حکومتِ آزاد کشمیر) is the state government which administers one of the territories of Pakistani-administered Kashmir territories of Azad Kashmir. The Azad Kashmir government consists of a president as head of state and a prime minister as chief executive, with the support of a council of ministers. The state assembly is the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly.

President of Azad Kashmir
The president of Azad Kashmir (Urdu: صدرِ آزاد کشمیر, romanized: s̤adr-i Azād Kaṣhmīr lit. 'President of Azad Kashmir', Urdu pronunciation: [s̤ə'dr-e: a:'za:d kə'ʂmi:r]), officially the president of the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, is the constitutional and ceremonial head of state of Azad Kashmir.

The president is elected by the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly for a term of five years, under the provisions of the Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Interim Constitution) Act, 1974.
Manley Power
Lieutenant-General Sir Manley Power KCB (1773 – 7 July 1826) was a British Army officer who fought in a number of campaigns for Britain and rose to the rank of lieutenant general. He is chiefly remembered for leading a brigade of Portuguese troops under the Duke of Wellington in the Iberian Peninsular War. He is also remembered for jointly causing the removal of Sir George Prévost, governor-in-chief of British North America, for Prevost's refusal to press the attack on Plattsburgh, New York, in 1814, during the War of 1812. After his active military service Power was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Malta.

George Prevost
Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet (19 May 1767 – 5 January 1816) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who is most well known as the "Defender of Canada" during the War of 1812. Born in New Jersey, the eldest son of Genevan Augustine Prévost, he joined the British Army as a youth and became a captain in 1784. Prevost served in the West Indies during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, and was commander of St. Vincent from 1794 to 1796. He became Lieutenant-Governor of Saint Lucia from 1798 to 1802 and Governor of Dominica from 1802 to 1805. He is best known to history for serving as both the civilian Governor General and the military Commander in Chief in British North America (now part of Canada) during the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States.
129th meridian east
The meridian 129° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, Australia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 129th meridian east forms a great circle with the 51st meridian west.

In Australia, the meridian nominally defines the eastern border of Western Australia, and the western borders of the Northern Territory and South Australia. However, the border of Western Australia actually meets the Northern Territory border and South Australian border at the 26th parallel south, at what is known as Surveyor Generals Corner.

Western Australian borders
The land border of Western Australia (WA) bisects mainland Australia nominally along the 129th meridian east longitude (129° east). That land border divides WA from the Northern Territory (NT) and South Australia (SA).  The actual border (as surveyed and marked or otherwise indicated on the ground)  deviates from 129° east and is not a single straight line.

The Western Australian town closest to the border is Kununurra, which lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the border with the NT. The settlement outside WA that is closest to the border is Border Village, SA, which adjoins the border; the centre of Border Village is about 250 metres (820 ft) from the border, on the Eyre Highway.
San Gennaro all'Olmo
The deconsecrated church of San Gennaro all’Olmo is a former religious edifice located in the city center of Naples, Italy, on Via San Gregorio Armeno. It is adjacent and for many years integral to the chapel-church of San Biagio Maggiore.

San Biagio Maggiore
The church of San Biagio Maggiore also known to its locals as 'Santa Patrizia' is a small former religious edifice located at the intersection of Via San Biagio dei Librai and Via San Gregorio Armeno, which was an integral part in the city center of Naples, Italy. It is adjacent, and for many years integral to the church of San Gennaro all’Olmo.
Delacroix, Louisiana
Delacroix (/ˈdɛləkrɔɪ/, /-krɑː/; Spanish: La Isla [la ˈisla]; French: L'île de la Croix) is an Isleño fishing community and census-designated place (CDP) located in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 48. The community is also popularly known as Delacroix Island. The community was established in 1783 with the settlement of Canary Islanders along Bayou Terre-aux-Boeufs.

St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana
St. Bernard Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Bernard; Spanish: Parroquia de San Bernardo) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat and largest community is Chalmette. The parish was formed in 1807. St. Bernard Parish is part of the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area; the parish is located southeast of the city of New Orleans and comprises the Chandeleur Islands and Chandeleur Sound in the east.

St. Bernard was the fastest growing parish in Louisiana from 2010 to 2020, increasing from a population of 35,897 in the 2010 census to 43,764 in 2020. It remains at less than two-thirds of its 2000 population of 67,229, prior to Hurricane Katrina.
CBAO Groupe Attijariwafa Bank
The Compagnie Bancaire de l'Afrique Occidentale (CBAO, lit. 'Banking Company of West Africa') is a bank headquartered in Dakar, Senegal. With a history going back to the establishment of the Banque du Sénégal in 1853, it was purchased in November 2007 by Morocco-based Attijariwafa Bank.

Banque de l'Afrique occidentale
The Banque de l'Afrique occidentale (BAO, lit. 'Bank of Western Africa'), known from 1853 to 1901 as Banque du Sénégal and from 1965 to 1990 as the Banque internationale pour l'Afrique occidentale (BIAO), was a bank headquartered in Dakar. During most of its history it was the main or only commercial bank and bank of issue in French Senegal and French West Africa.

Following the independence of most of France’s sub-Saharan African colonies in 1960, the bank remained a major financial institution and was present in 17 African countries by the late 1980s, when it experienced financial turmoil and was eventually dismantled in a restructuring led by the Banque Nationale de Paris.
Chesters Bridge
Chesters Bridge was a Roman bridge over the River North Tyne at Chollerford, Northumberland, England, and adjacent to the Roman fort of Cilurnum on Hadrian's Wall. The fort, mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum, and now identified with the fort found at Chesters, was known as Cilurnum or Cilurvum.

In 2016, public access to Chesters Roman bridge abutments was suspended due to flood damage.

Cilurnum
Cilurnum or Cilurvum was an ancient Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall at Chesters near the village of Walwick, Northumberland. It is also known as Walwick Chesters to distinguish it from Great Chesters fort and Halton Chesters.

Cilurnum is included in the Notitia Dignitatum of the late 4th/early 5th century.

Cilurnum is considered to be the best-preserved and best example of a Roman cavalry fort on Hadrian's Wall. The site is now preserved by English Heritage as Chesters Roman Fort. There is a museum on the site housing finds from the fort and elsewhere along the wall.
Chestnut (color)
Chestnut or castaneous is a colour, a medium reddish shade of brown (displayed right), and is named after the nut of the chestnut tree.  An alternate name for the colour is badious.

Indian red is a similar but separate and distinct colour from chestnut.

Chestnut is also a very dark tan that almost appears brown.

Iron oxide red
Iron oxide red is a generic name of a ferric oxide pigment of reddish colors. Multiple shades based on both anhydrous Fe2O3 and its hydrates were known to painters since prehistory. The pigments were originally obtained from natural sources, since the 20th century they are mostly synthetic. These substances form one of the most commercially important groups of pigments, and their names sometimes reflect the location of a natural source, later transferred to the synthetic analog. Well-known examples include the Persian Gulf Oxide with 75% Fe2O3 and 25% silica, Spanish red with 85% of oxide, Tuscan red.  Other shades of iron oxides include Venetian Red, English Red, and Kobe.
Xor–encrypt–xor
The xor–encrypt–xor (XEX) is a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. In tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing (XTS mode), it is one of the more popular modes of operation for whole-disk encryption. XEX is also a common form of key whitening, and part of some smart card proposals.

Disk encryption theory
Disk encryption is a special case of data at rest protection when the storage medium is a sector-addressable device (e.g., a hard disk). This article presents cryptographic aspects of the problem. For an overview, see disk encryption. For discussion of different software packages and hardware devices devoted to this problem, see disk encryption software and disk encryption hardware.
Foster Hewitt
Foster William Hewitt, OC (November 21, 1902 – April 21, 1985) was a Canadian radio broadcaster most famous for his play-by-play calls for Hockey Night in Canada. He was the son of W. A. Hewitt, and the father of Bill Hewitt.

Bill Hewitt (sportscaster)
Foster William Alfred Hewitt (December 6, 1928 – December 25, 1996) was a Canadian radio and television sportscaster. He was the son of hockey broadcaster Foster Hewitt and the grandson of Toronto Star journalist W. A. Hewitt.
MBC Media Group
The Manila Broadcasting Company (MBC), doing business as MBC Media Group, is a Philippine multimedia company that is owned by the FJE Group of Companies of Fred J. Elizalde, which also operates hotels and Pasay-based amusement park, Star City. MBC operates DZRH, the oldest radio station in the country, and five other national radio brands spread across several cities and provinces, including Aksyon Radyo, Love Radio, Yes FM, Easy Rock, and Radyo Natin. MBC Media Group's corporate headquarters and studios are located at the MMG Building inside the Star City amusement park at the CCP Complex, V. Sotto St., Pasay, Metro Manila.

MBC Media Group currently focuses on six business ventures namely, terrestrial radio, television (digital and pay TV), digital media, events, on-air and on-ground promotions and talent management for its roster of Radio DJs.

Radyo Natin
Radyo Natin (transl. Our Radio) is a community radio network owned by MBC Media Group. It has more than 100 stations across the Philippines spread from Batanes in the northernmost part to Bongao in the south. The network also runs its main feed known as Radyo Natin Nationwide, which broadcasts on 96.3 FM's HD2 channel.

Unlike MBC's radio brands, Radyo Natin enacts as a "network-community" station operated by different local entities (both companies and individuals) under an entrepreneurship/franchise agreement with the network.
Sphyraena chrysotaenia
Sphyraena chrysotaenia, also known as the yellowstripe barracuda, is a species of predatory, ray finned fish from the family Sphyraenidae which is found in the Indo-West Pacific region. It has entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal as a Lessepesian migrant and is now an important species in the fisheries of the eastern Mediterranean.

Barracuda
A barracuda is a large, predatory, ray-finned, saltwater fish of the genus Sphyraena, the only genus in the family Sphyraenidae, which was named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1815. It is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide ranging from the eastern border of the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, on its western border the Caribbean Sea, and in tropical areas of the Pacific Ocean. Barracudas reside near the top of the water and near coral reefs and sea grasses. Barracudas are often targeted by sport-fishing enthusiasts.
Prince Barin
Prince Barin is a character in the Flash Gordon stories. He is king of a region of Mongo called Arboria. Barin becomes one of Flash's best friends, and is deeply in love with Princess Aura. In his appearance and characterisation, Barin resembles the character of Robin Hood. Like Robin Hood, Barin is depicted as an unjustly outlawed nobleman who wears green, uses a bow, and lives in a forest.

Barin appears regularly in the Flash Gordon comic strip, becoming the ruler of Mongo after Ming's overthrow.

Princess Aura
Princess Aura is a fictional character in the Flash Gordon comic strips and serials. She is the selfish daughter of Ming the Merciless, the evil ruler of the planet Mongo and Emperor of the Universe. First appearing in the original 1934 Flash Gordon comic strip, Aura falls in love with Flash Gordon on sight, but is ultimately unable to seduce him away from the Dale Arden. In various adaptations, her character ranges from villainous to sympathetic, often defying her father.

Aura has been portrayed by various actresses in the many Flash Gordon adaptations in film and television, including Priscilla Lawson in the 1936 serial film, Shirley Deane in the 1940 serial film Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe, Ornella Muti in the 1980 feature film adaptation, and Anna Van Hooft in the 2007 television series.