hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Smirke (architect)
Sir Robert Smirke RA (1 October 1780 – 18 April 1867) was an English architect, one of the leaders of Greek Revival architecture, though he also used other architectural styles (such as Gothic and Tudor). As an attached (i.e. official) architect within the Office of Works, he designed several major public buildings, including the main block and façade of the British Museum and altered or repaired others. He was a pioneer in the use of structural iron and concrete foundations, and was highly respected for his accuracy and professionalism. His advice was often sought in architectural competitions and urban planning, especially later in his life.

Sydney Smirke
Sydney Smirke RA FGS FSA (20 December 1797 – 8 December 1877) was a British architect.

Smirke who was born in London, England as the fifth son of painter Robert Smirke and his wife, Elizabeth Russell. He was the younger brother of Sir Robert Smirke and Sir Edward Smirke, who was also an architect. Their sister Mary Smirke was a noted painter and translator.

He received the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 1860. He became an associate of the Royal Academy in 1847 and was elected a full Academician in 1859. He served as RA Treasurer from 1861 to 1874, and was professor of Architecture from 1860 to 1865.
Boy'z
Boy'z is a Hong Kong Cantopop duo produced by EEG consisting of members Kenny Kwan and Steven Cheung. Kwan left the group in 2005, and was replaced with Dennis Mak in 2005. In 2006, William Chan joined the group, forming the trio Sun Boy'z. The trio disbanded in 2008, but Kwan and Cheung came back together as a duo in 2010.

William Chan
William Chan Wai-ting (born 21 November 1985) is a Hong Kong singer, dancer, and actor. In 2003, he participated in New Talent Singing Awards where he won several awards. He was then signed up by the Emperor Entertainment Group. He began his singing career by joining the Cantopop group Sun Boy'z in 2006 and left the group in 2008 to pursue a solo career, releasing his debut solo album in the same year. Since then, he has released a total of 7 albums and 6 singles.

Since 2013, he gradually shifted his career focus to mainland China. He is known for his roles in television series Swords of Legends (2014), The Mystic Nine (2016), Lost Love in Times (2017), Age of Legends (2018) and Novoland: Pearl Eclipse (2021).
James Haig Ferguson
James Haig Ferguson (18 December 1862 – 2 May 1934) was a Scottish obstetrician and gynaecologist. He served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1929 to 1931 and was president of the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society. He chaired the Central Midwives Board of Scotland and was manager of Donaldson's School for the Deaf. In 1929 he was a founding member of the British (later Royal) College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

In 1899 he founded the Lauriston Home for unmarried mothers to give birth without chastisement. The home was renamed as the Haig Ferguson Memorial Home following his death until its closure in 1974.

Patrick Heron Watson
Sir Patrick Heron Watson (5 January 1832 – 21 December 1907) was an eminent 19th-century Scottish surgeon and pioneer of anaesthetic development. He was associated with  a number of surgical innovations including excision of the knee joint, excision of the thyroid and excision of the larynx for malignant disease. He was President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh on two occasions, an unusual honour, and was the first President of the Edinburgh Dental Hospital. He was a great advocate of women training in medicine and surgery and did much to advance that cause.
Saldern
The Saldern family (up to the 17th century, Salder) or von Saldern, is the name of an old German aristocratic family from the areas of Hildesheim and Brunswick Land. The family seat of the same name is an eponymous castle on the River Fuhse in Salzgitter-Salder.
Originally the family, whose branches are still alive today, only owned estates in the Lower Saxony area, but from the middle of the 16th century they also owned extensive property in the March of Brandenburg.

Salder House
Salder House (German: Schloss Salder) is a stately home in the Renaissance style in Salder, a village in the borough of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony. It was built in 1608 for the lords of Saldern by master builder, Paul Francke, by order of Kriegsrat David Sachses of Wolfenbüttel.

In 1695, the heir to the throne, Augustus William of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel bought the complex and had major restoration work carried out on it.

Since 1962 Salzgitter's town museum has been located in Salder House and may be visited free of charge. Its major exhibition themes are geology, prehistory and protohistory as well as the history of the town and 31 villages of Salzgitter borough from the Baroque period to the 20th century. In the division titled "From Ore to Steel" (Vom Erz zum Stahl) various models are displayed, including one of the Gebrüder Schreitel iron foundry.

A wide variety of open-air events are held in the courtyard during the summer months.
Earmuffs
Earmuffs are accessories designed to cover a person's ears either for warmth or for hearing protection. Both types of earmuff consist of a thermoplastic or metal head-band that fits over the top or back of the head, and a cushion or cup at each end to usually cover both ears. Hearing protection earmuffs are a type of personal protective equipment.

Earplug
An earplug is a device that is inserted in the ear canal to protect the user's ears from loud noises, intrusion of water, foreign bodies, dust or excessive wind. Earplugs may be used as well to improve sleep quality or focus in noisy environments. Since they reduce the sound volume, earplugs may prevent hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing of the ears), in some cases.

US Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires hearing conservation programs which include the provision of hearing protection devices (HPDs). But this does not mean that OSHA considers HPDs to be effective.
Aquamarine Fukushima
Aquamarine Fukushima (アクアマリンふくしま, Akuamarin Fukushima), officially the Marine Science Museum, Fukushima Prefecture (ふくしま海洋科学館, Fukushima Kaiyō Kagakukan), is a public aquarium located in Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan. The aquarium opened on 15 July 2000. It is the largest in the Tohoku region and focuses on environmental education. It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA).

Iwaki, Fukushima
Iwaki (いわき市, Iwaki-shi) is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2023, Iwaki had a population of 322,019 in 143,500 households, and population density of 261 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,232.02 square kilometres (475.69 sq mi), making it the largest city in the prefecture and the 10th largest city in Japan (2010) in terms of area. Iwaki is a designated core city, and is also one of the growing number of cities written in hiragana. The present Iwaki City started as the merger of 14 smaller municipalities on October 1, 1966. Every year, Iwaki hosts the Taira Tanabata Festival from 6–8 August.
Paulo Dybala
Paulo Exequiel Dybala  (born 15 November 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Roma and the Argentina national team. He is nicknamed "La Joya" ("The Jewel").

Dybala began his club career in 2011 with Instituto de Córdoba before signing for Palermo in 2012, where he won a Serie B title. In 2015, Dybala signed for Juventus and won Serie A titles and four Coppa Italia titles. He was also named Serie A Most Valuable Player in the 2019–20 season and was named in the Serie A Team of the Year four times; Dybala ranks as the club's ninth-highest all-time goalscorer. In 2022, Dybala joined fellow Serie A club Roma.

Dybala made his senior debut for Argentina in 2015 at the age of 21. He has made 40 appearances and represented Argentina at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the 2019 Copa América, and the 2022 FIFA World Cup, winning the latter title.

Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba
Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba (commonly referred to as Instituto) is an Argentine sports club from the city of Córdoba, whose professional football team currently plays in the Primera División, the first division of the Argentine football league system.

Famous players who have played at Instituto include Osvaldo Ardiles, Mario Alberto Kempes, José Luis Saldaño, Hugo Curioni, Alberto Beltrán, Raúl Chaparro, Salvador Mastrosimone, Marcelo Bielsa, Ernesto Corti, Diego Klimowicz, Mauricio Caranta, Oscar Dertycia, Alejandro Faurlín, Gonzalo Bergessio, Daniel Jiménez, Paulo Dybala, Ramón Ábila, Silvio Romero.

The basketball team currently plays at Liga Nacional de Básquetbol (LNB), the first division of Liga Nacional de Básquetbol league system.
National Influenza Centers
National Influenza Centers (also called National Influenza Centres) are institutions which are formally recognized as such by the World Health Organization (WHO).

"The WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network was established in 1952. The network comprises 4 WHO Collaborating Centres (WHO CCs) and 112 institutions in 83 countries, which are recognized by WHO as WHO National Influenza Centres (NICs). These NICs collect specimens in their country, perform primary virus isolation and preliminary antigenic characterization. They ship newly isolated strains to WHO CCs for high level antigenic and genetic analysis, the result of which forms the basis for WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccine for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere each year."

Among the more than 110 National Influenza Centers are the WHO Collaborating Centres and reference laboratories that are involved in annual influenza vaccine composition recommendations.

World Health Organization collaborating centre
World Health Organization collaborating centres are institutions that work with the World Health Organization (WHO) in disciplines such as occupational health, food safety, and communicable disease prevention. There are over 700 such centres across 80 countries. Collaborating centres may be research institutes, parts of universities, or academies. The participating institutions partner with WHO to perform research, provide training, or offer other services in furthering the WHO health agenda. These partners are designated by the WHO director-general as a part of a collaborative network. By using networks of established organizations, WHO is able to strengthen the scientific validity of its work and lower the costs of research.
Veselin Topalov
Veselin Aleksandrov Topalov (Bulgarian: Весели́н Алексáндров Топа́лов, pronounced [vɛsɛˈlin toˈpalof]; born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE World Chess Champion.

Topalov became FIDE World Chess Champion by winning the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005. He lost his title in the World Chess Championship 2006 against Vladimir Kramnik. He challenged Viswanathan Anand at the World Chess Championship 2010, losing 6½–5½. He won the 2005 Chess Oscar.

He was ranked world number one from April 2006 to January 2007. He regained the top ranking in October 2008 until January 2010. His peak rating was 2816 in July 2015, placing him joint-tenth on the list of highest FIDE-rated players of all time.

Topalov has competed at nine Chess Olympiads (1994–2000, 2008–2016), winning board one gold in 2014 and scoring best overall performance in 1994. He also won in Linares, Corus, Dortmund, Stavanger and Pearl Spring tournaments.

Topalov is married and has two daughters.

Norway Chess
Norway Chess is an annual closed chess tournament, typically taking place in the May to June time period every year. The first edition took place in the Stavanger, Norway, from 7 to 18 May 2013. The 2013 tournament had ten participants, including seven of the ten highest rated players in the world per the May 2013 FIDE World Rankings. It was won by Sergey Karjakin, with Magnus Carlsen and Hikaru Nakamura tied for second place. Norway Chess 2015 took place in mid-June 2015 and was a part of the inaugural Grand Chess Tour. The tournament has since decided to withdraw from the Grand Chess Tour.

In 2025, Norway Chess announced they were developing the Total Chess World Championship Tour, with the approval of FIDE. Total Chess World Championship 2026 will be the first Total Chess World Championship event. It will be held in Norway on 15 October 2026.

In 2026, it was announced that the upcoming Norway Chess 2026 tournament would be held in Oslo instead of Stavanger.
Kutia
Kutia or kutya is a ceremonial grain dish with sweet gravy traditionally served predominantly in Belarusian and Ukrainian cuisine, but also in parts of Lithuania, Poland, and Russia. It is consumed by both Eastern Orthodox Christians and Catholics, though whether it is served on Christmas–Feast of Jordan holiday season or as part of a funeral feast can vary between regions. The word with a descriptor is also used to describe the eves of Christmas, New Year, and Feast of Jordan days.

Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper
A twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper is traditionally prepared to commemorate the twelve disciples of Jesus in the Central-Eastern European cultures that historically made up the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, chiefly in Poland, but also in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine.
Yonge baronets
The Yonge Baronetcy, of Culliton (modern: Colyton) in the County of Devon, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 26 September 1661 for the merchant and Member of Parliament, John Yonge. He was succeeded by his son Walter, the second Baronet. He was also a Member of Parliament. His son, the third Baronet, sat in the House of Commons for more than a quarter of a century. On his death the title passed to his son, the fourth Baronet. He was also a politician and served as Secretary at War. He is also remembered for his diaries. He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Baronet. Like his father he served as Secretary at War and was also Governor of the Cape Colony. The baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1812.

Walter Yonge of Colyton, father of the first Baronet, was a lawyer, merchant and diarist. His great-great-grandfather John Yonge was an ecclesiastic and diplomat.

Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet
Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet (2 October 1603 – 26 August 1663) of Great House in the parish of Colyton in Devon, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1642 and 1660.

Yonge was the son of Walter Yonge of Colyton and his wife Jane Peryan, daughter of Sir John Peryan. Yonge was a well established merchant and was knighted on 15 September 1625.

In 1642 Yonge was elected Member of Parliament for Plymouth, joining his father (who was already MP for Honiton) in the House of Commons. In December 1648 he was one of the members excluded in Pride's Purge, but returned in the Parliaments of the Protectorate, sitting for Honiton in 1654 and Devon in 1656. In 1660, he was again chosen MP for Honiton in the Convention Parliament.

After the Restoration, Yonge was created a baronet of Culliton on 26 September 1661. He died two years later at the age of 59.

Yonge married Elizabeth Strode and had two sons and a daughter. His son Walter succeeded to the baronetcy.
Douglas C-47 Skytrain
The Douglas C-47 Skytrain, or Dakota (RAF designation), is a military transport aircraft that was developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner. It was used extensively by the Allies during World War II. During the war the C-47 was used for troop transport, cargo, paratrooper drops, glider towing, and military cargo parachute drops. The C-47 remained in front-line service with various military operators for many years.  It was produced in roughly triple the numbers of the larger, much heavier payload Curtiss C-46 Commando, which filled a similar role for the U.S. military.

About 100 countries' armed forces have operated the C-47, with over 60 variants of the aircraft produced. As with the civilian DC-3, the C-47 remains in service, over 80 years after the type's introduction.

Douglas R4D-8
The Douglas R4D-8 (later redesignated C-117D) is a military transport aircraft that was developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3S (Super DC-3) airliner. It was used by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps during the Korean War and Vietnam War.
Paul Grice
Herbert Paul Grice (13 March 1913 – 28 August 1988), usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language  who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle (with its namesake Gricean maxims), which became foundational concepts in the linguistic field of pragmatics. His work on meaning has also influenced the philosophical study of semantics.

P. F. Strawson
Sir Peter Frederick Strawson FBA (/ˈstrɔːsən/; 23 November 1919 – 13 February 2006) was an English philosopher who spent most of his career at the University of Oxford.  He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at Magdalen College, Oxford from 1968 to 1987. He had previously held the positions of college lecturer and tutorial fellow at University College, Oxford, a college he returned to upon his retirement in 1987, and which provided him with rooms until his death.

Paul Snowdon and Anil Gomes, in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, comment that Strawson "exerted a considerable influence on philosophy, both during his lifetime and, indeed, since his death."
Japanese rebus monogram
A Japanese rebus monogram is a monogram in a particular style, which spells a name via a rebus, as a form of Japanese wordplay or visual pun. Today they are most often seen in corporate logos or product logos.

These symbols are particularly common for traditional food brands, notably soy sauce. An example is the logo for Yamasa soy sauce, which is a ∧ with a サ under it. This is read as Yama for mountain (山) (symbolized by the ∧) + sa (サ).

Rebus
A rebus (/ˈriːbəs/ REE-bəss) is a puzzle device that combines the use of illustrated pictures with individual letters to depict words or phrases. For example, the word "been" might be depicted by a rebus showing an illustrated bumblebee next to a plus sign (+) and the letter "n".

It was a favourite form of heraldic expression used in the Middle Ages to denote surnames. For example, in its basic form, three salmon (fish) are used to denote the surname "Salmon". A more sophisticated example was the rebus of Bishop Walter Lyhart (d. 1472) of Norwich, consisting of a stag (or hart) lying down in a conventional representation of water. The composition alludes to the name, profession or personal characteristics of the bearer, and speaks to the beholder Non verbis, sed rebus, which Latin expression signifies "not by words but by things" (res, rei (f), a thing, object, matter; rebus being ablative plural).
Christian media
Christian media refers to media that is Christian, or refers to various aspects of mass media which primarily target the Christian demographic. As a genre its conventions originated in  sermons, literature, and gospel music, and it has been adapted into film, radio, video games, and contemporary music.

Christian video game
Christian video games are a video game genre and a form of Christian media that focus on the narrative and themes of Christian morals and Christianity. The term can also refer to Christian symbolism, mythology, media franchises, and Christian media organizations within video game culture and industry.
Ihara zeta function
In mathematics, the Ihara zeta function is a zeta function associated with a finite graph. It closely resembles the Selberg zeta function, and is used to relate closed walks to the spectrum of the adjacency matrix. The Ihara zeta function was first defined by Yasutaka Ihara in the 1960s in the context of discrete subgroups of the two-by-two p-adic special linear group. Jean-Pierre Serre suggested in his book Trees that Ihara's original definition can be reinterpreted graph-theoretically. It was Toshikazu Sunada who put this suggestion into practice in 1985. As observed by Sunada, a regular graph is a Ramanujan graph if and only if its Ihara zeta function satisfies an analogue of the Riemann hypothesis.

Yasutaka Ihara
Yasutaka Ihara (伊原 康隆, Ihara Yasutaka; born May 3, 1938 in Tokyo Prefecture) is a Japanese mathematician and professor emeritus at the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences. His work in number theory includes Ihara's lemma and the Ihara zeta function.
Donetsk International Airport
Donetsk Sergei Prokofiev International Airport (IATA: DOK, ICAO: UKCC) is a former airport located 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Donetsk, Ukraine, that was destroyed in 2014 during the war in Donbas. It was built in the 1940s, rebuilt in 1973, and then again from 2011 to 2012 for Euro 2012. In 2013, during its last full year of operation, it handled more than a million passengers. As of December 2025, the airport has been restored for military use.

The airport is named after twentieth-century composer Sergei Prokofiev, who was a native of the region. The former airport, after being destroyed during the 1st and 2nd Battles of Donetsk Airport, has been controlled by the Russian military since 2022.

Second Battle of Donetsk Airport
The Second Battle of Donetsk Airport was an engagement between the Ukrainian military and Russian military and its proxy forces of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) during the war in Donbas.  An earlier battle in May 2014 had left Donetsk International Airport in Ukrainian control. Despite a ceasefire agreement, the Minsk Protocol, in place since 5 September 2014, fighting broke out between the warring parties on 28 September 2014.

At the start of the battle, the airport lay between the separatist and Ukrainian lines of control, and was the last part of Donetsk city held by Ukrainian government forces. Heavy fighting over the airport continued into the new year, with some of the worst fighting taking place in January 2015. On 21 January, DPR forces overran the Ukrainian positions at the airport. The remaining Ukrainian forces were either killed, forced to retreat, or captured by DPR forces. The battle has been called the "Little Stalingrad".
No One in Particular
No One in Particular is an album by the Rashied Ali Quintet, led by drummer Ali, and featuring saxophonist Ravi Coltrane, guitarist Gene Ess (Gene Shimosato), pianist Greg Murphy, and bassist Matthew Garrison. It was recorded on June 25, 1992, at The Studio, located at 102 Greene Street, New York City, and was released in 2001 by Ali's Survival Records.

During 1965–1967, Ali played in a group led by John Coltrane, Ravi Coltrane's father, alongside Jimmy Garrison, Matthew Garrison's father. Regarding the inclusion of the two younger musicians on the album, Ali commented: "I got both of the kids there and that is ironic because I knew those kids before they knew themselves. I knew their mothers when they were pregnant with them guys."

Rashied Ali
Rashied Ali, born Robert Patterson (July 1, 1933 – August 12, 2009), was an American free jazz and avant-garde drummer who was best known for performing with John Coltrane in the last years of Coltrane's life.