hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Livre parisis
The livre parisis (French: [livʁ paʁizi]; lit. 'Paris pound'), also known as the Paris or Parisian livre, was a medieval French coin and unit of account originally notionally equivalent to a French pound of silver. It was the chief currency of the Capetian dynasty before being generally replaced by the livre tournois ("Tours pound") under Philip II in the 13th century. Louis IX ceased minting it and it was finally abolished as a unit of account by Louis XIV in 1667.

Livre tournois
The livre tournois (French pronunciation: [livʁ tuʁnwa]; lit. 'Tours pound'; abbreviation: ₶ or £) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in early modern France.

The 1262 monetary reform established the livre tournois as 20 sous tournois, or 80.88 grams of fine silver. The franc à cheval was a gold coin of one livre tournois minted in large numbers from 1360.
In 1549, the livre tournois was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the livre parisis. 
In 1720, the livre tournois was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under Louis XV, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver.
It was the basis of the revolutionary French franc of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly.
Aurora (province)
Aurora, officially the Province of Aurora (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Aurora; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Aurora; Spanish: Provincia de Aurora), is a province in the Philippines located in the eastern part of Central Luzon region, facing the Philippine Sea. Its capital is Baler and borders, clockwise from the south, the provinces of Quezon, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and Isabela. Maria Aurora is the only landlocked town in the province and yet, the most populous. It is the only province in Central Luzon that has no chartered cities.

Before 1979, Aurora was part of the province of Quezon. The province was named after Aurora Aragon, the wife of Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Philippine Commonwealth, after whom the mother province was named.

Quirino
Quirino, officially the Province of Quirino (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Quirino; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Quirino), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Cabarroguis while Diffun is the most populous in the province. It is named after Elpidio Quirino, the sixth President of the Philippines.

The province borders Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Vizcaya to the west, and Isabela to the north. Quirino used to be part of the province of Nueva Vizcaya, until it became a sub-province in 1966, then it was separated in 1972.
Amuse-bouche
An amuse-bouche (/əˌmuːzˈbuːʃ/; French: [a.myz.buʃ]) or amuse-gueule (UK: /əˌmuːzˈɡɜːl/, US: /-ˈɡʌl/; French: [a.myz.ɡœl]) is a single, bite-sized hors d'œuvre. Amuse-bouches are different from appetizers in that they are not ordered from a menu by patrons but are served free and according to the chef's selection alone. These are served both to prepare the guest for the meal and to offer a glimpse of the chef's style.

The term is French and literally means "mouth amuser". The plural form may be amuse-bouche or amuse-bouches.
In France, amuse-gueule is traditionally used in conversation and literary writing, while amuse-bouche is not even listed in most dictionaries, being a euphemistic hypercorrection that appeared in the 1980s on restaurant menus and used almost only there. (In French, bouche refers to the human mouth, while gueule means the wider mouth of an animal, e.g. dog, though commonly used for mouth and derogatory only in certain expressions, e.g. "ferme ta gueule".)

Hors d'oeuvre
An hors d'oeuvre (/ɔːr ˈdɜːrv(rə)/ or DURV(-rə); French: hors-d'œuvre [ɔʁ dœvʁ(ə)] ⓘ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or they may be served before seating, such as at a reception or cocktail party. Formerly, hors d'oeuvres were also served between courses.

Typically smaller than a main dish, an hors d'oeuvre is often designed to be eaten by hand. Hors d'oeuvre are typically served at parties as a small "snack" before a main course.
Pregroup grammar
Pregroup grammar (PG) is a grammar formalism intimately related to categorial grammars. Much like categorial grammar (CG), PG is a kind of type logical grammar. Unlike CG, however, PG does not have a distinguished function type. Rather, PG uses inverse types combined with its monoidal operation.

Categorial grammar
Categorial grammar is a family of formalisms in natural language syntax that share the central assumption that syntactic constituents combine as functions and arguments. Categorial grammar posits a close relationship between the syntax and semantic composition, since it typically treats syntactic categories as corresponding to semantic types. Categorial grammars were developed in the 1930s by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and in the 1950s by Yehoshua Bar-Hillel and Joachim Lambek. It saw a surge of interest in the 1970s following the work of Richard Montague, whose Montague grammar assumed a similar view of syntax. It continues to be a major paradigm, particularly within formal semantics.
Prime (Malibu Comics)
Prime is a superhero character created by Bob Jacob, Gerard Jones, Len Strazewski, Norm Breyfogle, and Bret Blevins. The character debuted in Prime #1 under Malibu Comics' Ultraverse imprint, and was one of the publisher's flagship characters, and a member of its superhero team Ultraforce. The character is a thirteen-year-old boy named Kevin Green with the power to transform into the physical form of a super-powered adult, but with his adolescent mind unchanged. This is a source of conflict for the character, as he is frequently placed in situations he may not be mature enough to deal with.

Ultraforce
The Ultraforce is a fictional superhero group that appears in American comic books published by Malibu, and later Marvel. The purpose of the group was to protect the public and keep other "Ultras" (superheroes) from becoming unruly.

The group consists of various Ultras in Malibu's Ultraverse, including the super-strong Prime; Hardcase, one of the first public Ultras and the most famous; Prototype, Ultra-Tech's armored spokesperson; Topaz, warrior queen of Gwendor; the undead Ghoul, the last surviving member of the Exiles; and the mysterious Contrary, who organized the team and provided their technology.

In 1995, Ultraforce was adapted into an animated television series that ran for 13 episodes. The series was produced by DIC Entertainment.
Escaped plant
An escaped plant is a cultivated plant that has escaped from agriculture, forestry or garden cultivation and has become naturalized in the wild. Usually not native to an area, escaped plants may become invasive. Therefore, escaped plants are the subject of research in invasion biology.

All escaped plants belong to the so-called hemerochoric plants. This term is used across the board for plants that have been introduced directly or indirectly by humans. The term also includes the unintentionally introduced plants that were introduced through seed pollution (speirochoric) or through unintentional transport (agochoric).

Some ornamental plants have characteristics which allow them to escape cultivation and become weedy in alien ecosystems with far-reaching ecological and economic consequences. Escaped garden plants may be called garden escapes or escaped ornamentals. Sometimes, their origins can even be traced back to botanical gardens.

Hemerochory
Hemerochory (Ancient Greek ἥμερος, hemeros: 'tame, ennobled, cultivated, cultivated' and Greek χωρίς choris: separate, isolated), or anthropochory, is the distribution of cultivated plants or their seeds and cuttings, consciously or unconsciously, by humans into an area that they could not colonize through their natural mechanisms of spread, but are able to maintain themselves without specific human help in their new habitat.

Hemerochory is one of the main propagation mechanisms of a plant. Hemerochoric plants can both increase and decrease the biodiversity of a habitat.
Scottish Dunface
The Scottish Dunface, Old Scottish Short-wool, Scottish Whiteface or Scottish Tanface was a type of sheep from Scotland. It was one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep group, and it was probably similar to the sheep kept throughout the British Isles in the Iron Age. By the mid-nineteenth century it had mostly been displaced by the Scottish Blackface and it became extinct on the mainland of Scotland in the late nineteenth century. However, several local types of Dunface survived on islands around Scotland, giving rise to or contributing to existing breeds including the Shetland, North Ronaldsay, Hebridean and Boreray.

Shetland sheep
The Shetland is a small, wool-producing breed of sheep originating in the Shetland Isles, Scotland, but is now also kept in many other parts of the world. It is part of the Northern European short-tailed sheep group, and it is closely related to the extinct Scottish Dunface. Shetlands are classified as a landrace or "unimproved" breed. This breed is kept for its very fine wool, for meat, and for conservation grazing.

Although Shetlands are small and slow-growing compared to commercial breeds, they are hardy, thrifty, easy lambers, adaptable and long-lived. The Shetland breed has survived for centuries in difficult conditions and on a poor diet, but they thrive in better conditions. Shetlands retain many of their primitive survival instincts, so they are easier to care for than many modern breeds.
2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship final
The 2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship final was a football match that took place on 29 July 2025 at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia, to determine the winners of the 2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship. The match was contested by defending champions Vietnam and Indonesia, which repeated the
2023 final in Rayong, Thailand.

Vietnam won the match 1–0 after for their third consecutive ASEAN U-23 Championship and their third title overall. Nguyễn Công Phương scored to put Vietnam's lead in the final until full time.

Nguyễn Đình Bắc was named player of the match in the aftermath, with the game having attended by ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) president Khiev Sameth, Vietnam Football Federation (VFF) president Trần Quốc Tuấn and Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) president Eric Thohir.

2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship
The 2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship (officially the ASEAN U-23 mandiri Cup 2025 for sponsorship reasons) was the 5th edition of the ASEAN U-23 Championship (previously known as the AFF U-23 Championship), the biennial international youth football championship organised by ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) for the men's under-23 national teams of Southeast Asia. The tournament was held in Indonesia from 15 to 29 July.

The two-time defending champions Vietnam defeated hosts Indonesia 1–0 in the final, thereby successfully defending their 2022 and 2023 title and winning their third title overall.
Cassa di Risparmi di Livorno
Cassa di Risparmi di Livorno is a former Italian regional bank and charity organization, based in Livorno, Tuscany. In 1992 the organization was split into a limited company (società per azioni) and a banking foundation Fondazione Cassa di Risparmi di Livorno (currently Fondazione Livorno).

The S.p.A. was sold to Banca Popolare di Lodi, which was completed absorbed into the saving bank of Lucca, Pisa & Livorno in 2006 (along with fellow saving bank in Pisa). Livorno Foundation, found 1992, still operates as a non-profit organization.

Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca Pisa Livorno
Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca Pisa e Livorno S.p.A. was an Italian saving bank based in Lucca. It was a subsidiary of Banco Popolare and currently a sub-division (under BPL) and brand of the group Banco BPM.
Sonochemistry
In chemistry, the study of sonochemistry is concerned with understanding the effect of ultrasound in forming acoustic cavitation in liquids, resulting in the initiation or enhancement of the chemical activity in the solution. Therefore, the chemical effects of ultrasound do not come from a direct interaction of the ultrasonic sound wave with the molecules in the solution.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Prasar Bharati
Prasar Bharati (abbreviated as PB) (lit. 'Indian Broadcasting Corporation') is India's state-owned public broadcaster, headquartered in New Delhi, India. It is a statutory autonomous body set up by an Act of Parliament. It comprises Doordarshan, the television broadcaster, and All India Radio, the radio broadcaster, both of which were previously media units of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The Parliament of India passed the Prasar Bharati Act in 1990 to grant this autonomy, but it was not enacted until 15 September 1997.

Navneet Kumar Sehgal took office as chairman of Prasar Bharati in March, 2024 following Dr. A. Surya Prakash who served till February, 2020 . Gaurav Dwivedi is the CEO of Prasar Bharati, having succeeded Shashi Shekhar Vempati, who served until June 2022.

The Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2021 stated that DD News and All India Radio are the most trusted news brands in India.

All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), also known as Akashvani (lit. 'Voice from the sky'  or 'Oracle'), is India's state-owned public radio broadcaster. Founded in 1936, it operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and is one of the two divisions of Prasar Bharati. Headquartered at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, FM Section, and National Service. It also serves as the home of the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra.

All India Radio is one the largest radio network in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast, the socioeconomic diversity it serves, and the scale of its broadcasting organisation. AIR's domestic service includes 420 stations nationwide, covering nearly 92% of India's geographic area and 99.19% of its population, with programming available in 23 languages and 179 dialects.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate commonly abbreviated DEHT (Dioctyl terephthalate or DOTP), is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2. It is a diester of terephthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol, which is often generically referred to as octyl.  This colorless viscous liquid is used for softening PVC plastics and is known for chemical similarity to general purpose phthalates such as DEHP and DINP, but without any negative regulatory pressure. It possesses very good plasticizing properties and may be used as a direct replacement for DEHP and DINP in many applications.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, DEHP; incorrectly — dioctyl phthalate, DIOP) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2. DEHP is the most common member of the class of phthalates, which are used as plasticizers. It is the diester of phthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol. This colorless viscous liquid is soluble in oil, but not in water.
Henry F. Williams
Henry F. Williams (August 13, 1813 – c. 1903) was a musician and composer in Boston, Massachusetts, in the late 19th century. He was one of two black musicians to play in the orchestra at the 1872 National Peace Jubilee. His arrangements received widespread popularity. Later in his life he was primarily a music teacher. Williams has been called the second best known black composer of his time after Frank Johnson, with whom he worked.

Francis Johnson (composer)
Francis "Frank" Johnson (June 16, 1792 – April 6, 1844) was an American musician and prolific composer during the Antebellum period. African American composers were rare in the U.S. during this period, but Johnson was among the few who were successful. Performing as a virtuoso of the (now rare) keyed Kent bugle and the violin, he wrote more than two hundred compositions of various styles—operatic airs, Ethiopian minstrel songs, patriotic marches, ballads, cotillions, quadrilles, quicksteps and other dances. Only manuscripts and piano transcriptions survive today.

Johnson was the first African American composer to have his works published as sheet music. He also was the first African American to give public concerts and the first to participate in racially integrated concerts in the United States. He led the first American musical ensemble to present concerts abroad, and he introduced the promenade concert style to America.
Rat Westwick
Harry "Rat" Westwick (April 23, 1876 – April 3, 1957) was a Canadian athlete in ice hockey and lacrosse. Westwick – nicknamed the Rat for his small size –  is most noted for his play with the Ottawa Hockey Club, nicknamed the Silver Seven during his day, which won and defended the Stanley Cup from 1903 until 1906. He was a member of the Ottawa Capitals lacrosse team from 1896 until 1904, winning three championships. At the time of his final retirement, he was the last professional hockey player active in the 19th century. He was the brother of Thomas Westwick, the father of journalist Bill Westwick, and was inducted into both the Ottawa Sport Hall of Fame and the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Thomas Westwick
Thomas Frederick Westwick (June 28, 1887 – December 15, 1963) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played five professional seasons for the Ottawa Senators and the Quebec Bulldogs from 1909 until 1916. His brother Harry was also a professional ice hockey player.
Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov
Garry Kasparov, then-world champion in chess, played a pair of six-game matches against Deep Blue, a supercomputer by IBM. Kasparov won the first match, held in Philadelphia in 1996, by 4–2. Deep Blue won a 1997 rematch held in New York City by 3½–2½. The second match was the first defeat of a reigning world chess champion by a computer under tournament conditions, and was the subject of a documentary film, Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine.

Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine
Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine is a 2003 Canadian documentary film by Vikram Jayanti about the match between Garry Kasparov, the highest-rated chess player in history (at the time) and the World Champion for 15 years (1985–2000), and Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer created by IBM.
Puncak Trikora
Puncak Trikora (literally "Peak People's Triple Command") is a 4,730 or 4,750-metre-high (15,584 ft) mountain in the Highland Papua province of Indonesia on New Guinea. It lies in the eastern part of the Sudirman (Nassau) Range of the Maoke Mountains.

Behind Puncak Jaya (Carstensz Pyramid) at 4,884 m (16,024 ft), it is either the second or third highest mountain on the island of New Guinea and the Australasian continent.  As such it appears on some Seven Second Summits lists, although SRTM-data support that Puncak Mandala (Juliana Peak) in the Jayawijaya (Orange) Range is higher with 4,760 m (15,617 ft).

Puncak Mandala
Puncak Mandala or Mandala Peak (until 1963 Julianatop or Juliana Peak) is a mountain located in Highland Papua, Indonesia. At 4,760 metres (15,617 ft), it is the highest point of the Jayawijaya (Orange) Range and is included in Seven Second Summits. Following Puncak Jaya/Mount Carstensz (4884 m) 350 km to the west, Mandala is the second-highest freestanding mountain in New Guinea, and Indonesia.
WAGM-TV
WAGM-TV (channel 8) is a television station in Presque Isle, Maine, United States, affiliated with CBS, Fox, and The CW Plus. It is owned by Gray Media alongside Fort Kent–licensed low-power, Class A NBC affiliate WWPI-CD (channel 16). The two stations share studios on Brewer Road in Presque Isle; WAGM-TV's transmitter is located on the northern section of Mars Hill Mountain among the wind turbines.

WAGM-TV has been the only full-power commercial television station transmitting in Northeast Maine since the station was founded in 1956.

WWPI-CD
WWPI-CD (channel 16) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Fort Kent, Maine, United States, serving the Presque Isle area as an affiliate of NBC. It is owned by Gray Media alongside CBS/Fox/CW+ affiliate WAGM-TV (channel 8). The two stations share studios on Brewer Road in Presque Isle, where WWPI-CD's transmitter is also located.

WWPI-CD is the only NBC affiliate in Maine not tied in with the Tegna-owned News Center Maine network (consisting of WCSH in Portland and WLBZ in Bangor). Prior to WWPI's sign-on as an NBC affiliate, WLBZ served as the default affiliate for Aroostook County.
Out Works & Collaboration Best
Out Works & Collaboration Best is the fourth compilation album by Japanese singer-songwriter Koda Kumi, released two months after her studio album Trick, and the same day as her second remix album, Koda Kumi Driving Hit's. The album peaked on the Oricon charts at No. 7, staying on the charts for eight weeks.

The album housed most of her collaborative efforts with artists from varying labels, including KM-MARKIT from Pony Canyon and Fergie from Interscope Records. The only track to not be a collaboration was the first track, "Get It On", the short version of which had been released as the opening on her second compilation album, Best ~second session~ (2006).

Best: Second Session
Best: Second Session (stylized as Best ~second session~) is the second greatest hits album released by Japanese pop-R&B singer Koda Kumi. It was released in March 2006 and contained all of her singles used in her 12 Singles Collection. It charted at number 1 on the Oricon charts, making it her second album to reach the spot, and stayed on the charts for 78 weeks.

The album was released on CD, CD+DVD and a limited edition CD+2DVD, which carried part of her Live Tour 2005: First Things.
Cold Stone Creamery
Cold Stone Creamery, Inc. is an American international ice cream parlor chain. Headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona, the company is owned and operated by Kahala Brands. The company's main product is premium ice cream made with approximately 12–14% butterfat, made on location and customized for patrons at time of order. Cold Stone has also expanded its menu with other ice cream-related products, including: ice cream cakes, pies, cookie sandwiches, smoothies, shakes, and iced or blended coffee drinks.

Kahala Brands
Kahala Brands is a wholly owned subsidiary of Canada-based MTY Food Group Inc. of Montreal, Quebec. Based in Scottsdale, Arizona, Kahala is one of North America's largest holding company of franchise fast food restaurant companies. In May 2016, the publicly traded Canadian MTY Food Group announced a friendly takeover deal with the Kahala Brands. MTY agreed to pay about US$300 million to acquire Kahala. The two companies generated nearly $2 billion in revenues in the previous year. Jeff Smit was chosen to lead the US operations of MTY.