hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orekhovo, Pokrovsky Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate
Orekhovo was a village located in Kudykinskaya volost, Pokrovsky Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate, Imperial Russia. Since 1917 it has been part of the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo. The town played a significant part in the development of the textile sector in Imperial Russia and football in Imperial Russia. The village developed close to Nikolskoye which had been developed as a mill town by the Morozov dynasty.

Orekhovo-Zuyevo
Orekhovo-Zuyevo (Russian: Оре́хово-Зу́ево, Russian pronunciation: [ɐˈrʲexəvə ˈzu(j)ɪvə]) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 85 kilometers (53 mi) east of Moscow in a forested area on the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka). Orekhovo (Russian: Оре́хово), often pronounced only as Orekh,  is a Russian word which means "nut". The city was established in 1917 when three villages (Orekhovo, Zuevo, and Nikolskoye) were merged, hence its name. Population:  120,670 (2010 Census); 122,248 (2002 Census); 137,198 (1989 Soviet census).
Lex Canuleia
The lex Canuleia (‘Canuleian law’), or lex de conubio patrum et plebis, was a law of the Roman Republic, passed in the year 445 BC, restoring the right of conubium (marriage) between patricians and plebeians.

Gaius Canuleius
Gaius Canuleius, according to Livy book 4, was a tribune of the plebs in 445 BC. He introduced a bill proposing that intermarriage between patricians and plebeians be allowed. As well, with his fellow tribunes he proposed another bill allowing one of the two annually elected consuls to be a plebeian.

Despite fierce opposition from the patricians, his laws were eventually passed when the plebeians went on a military strike, refusing to defend the city against its attacking neighbors. That law, the Lex Canuleia, bears his name.

The accuracy of Livy's description of Canuleius' tribunate and the Struggle of the Orders in which his laws played a major part is doubted by some modern scholars.
Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (/ˈrɒdəpiːz/; Bulgarian: Родопи, Rodopi; Greek: Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Turkish: Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in Greece. Golyam Perelik is its highest peak at 2,191 meters (7,188 ft). The mountain range gives its name to the terrestrial ecoregion Rodope montane mixed forests that belongs in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome and the Palearctic realm. The region is particularly notable for its karst areas with their deep river gorges, large caves and specific sculptured forms, such as the Trigrad Gorge.

A significant part of Bulgaria's hydropower resources are located in the western areas of the range. There are a number of hydro-cascades and dams used for electricity production, irrigation, and as tourist destinations.

Batak Reservoir
Batak Reservoir (Bulgarian: язовир Батак) is located in the Rhodope Mountains of southern Bulgaria and is among the largest in the country. It was constructed to provide electricity generation and irrigation as a major part of the Batak Hydropower Cascade. Rich in fish and situated in a scenic mountain region, the reservoir attracts many tourists and anglers. The resort of Tsigov Chark has been constructed on its southwestern shores.
Stainforth Force
Stainforth Force (also known as Stainforth Foss and Ribble Falls), is a 2.5-metre (8 ft 2 in) high cascade waterfall on the River Ribble at Stainforth, 3 miles (5 km) north of Settle in North Yorkshire, England. The waterfall is a popular tourist attraction in autumn when Atlantic salmon are migrating up the river.

Stainforth, North Yorkshire
Stainforth is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, situated north of Settle. Nearby there is a waterfall, Stainforth Force, where the river falls over limestone ledges into a deep, broad pool which can be accessed by walking a short way from the village. There was  a Youth Hostel at Taitlands between 1942 and 2007.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Australian Commercial Television Code of Practice
The Australian Commercial Television Industry Code of Practice is a self-regulatory code adopted by free-to-air broadcasters in the Australian media. Although developed by industry, the code has been registered (as the regulatory regime permits) with the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA).

The Code was developed by Free TV Australia, an industry body which represents Australia's commercial free-to-air broadcast networks and stations and is put under review triennially.

Australian Communications and Media Authority
The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is an Australian government statutory authority within the Communications portfolio. ACMA was formed on 1 July 2005 with the merger of the Australian Broadcasting Authority and the Australian Communications Authority.

ACMA is responsible for collecting broadcasting, radiocommunication and telecommunication taxes, and regulating Australian media. It does this through various legislation, regulations, standards and codes of practice. ACMA is a converged regulator, created to oversee the convergence of telecommunications, broadcasting, radio communications and the internet.
Carl Vinson
Carl Vinson (November 18, 1883 – June 1, 1981) was an American politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for over 50 years and was influential in the 20th century expansion of the U.S. Navy. He was a member of the Democratic Party and represented Georgia in the House from 1914 to 1965. He was known as "The Father of the Two-Ocean Navy". He is the longest-serving member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Georgia. From 1961 to 1965, he served as the Dean of the US House of Representatives as the longest serving member of the body.

USS Carl Vinson, the third Nimitz-class aircraft carrier, is named after him.

USS Carl Vinson
USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) is the United States Navy's third Nimitz-class supercarrier. She is named for Carl Vinson (1883–1981), a congressman from Georgia, in recognition of his contributions to the U.S. Navy. The ship was launched during Vinson's lifetime in 1980, undertook her maiden voyage in 1983, and underwent refueling and overhaul between 2005 and 2009. Carl Vinson is currently the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 1 with Carrier Air Wing Two serving as her air wing.

Along with deployments in Operation Desert Strike, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Southern Watch, and Operation Enduring Freedom, Carl Vinson has been involved in a number of notable events. The body of Osama bin Laden was buried at sea in 2011 from the deck of Carl Vinson, and that same year, on Veterans Day, she played host to the first NCAA basketball game on an aircraft carrier, between North Carolina and Michigan State.
Rag paper
Rag paper is a category of paper that is made from a pulp of discarded textiles, rope and other fibre products. Rag paper in its various forms was a widely-used paper for most of the past two millennia. Production spread along the Silk Road from its early 2nd-century origin in China to the Islamic world by the 8th century. It was introduced into Christian Europe by the 12th century, and western Europe came to dominate rag production up until the mid-19th century, when rag paper was displaced in favour of far more cost-efficient pulpwood acidic paper.

Rag paper is valued today as a specialty paper for its archival quality and tear resistance compared to wood pulp paper. Modern rag paper is often cotton paper, made from cotton linters, with a usual pH of 6.4 and degree of polymerization of 1481.2.

Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a fibrous lignocellulosic material prepared by chemically, semi-chemically, or mechanically isolating the cellulosic fibers of wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. Mixed with water and other chemicals or plant-based additives, pulp is the major raw material used in papermaking and the industrial production of other paper products.
Christopher Pratt
John Christopher Pratt CC ONL RCA (December 9, 1935 – June 5, 2022) was one of Canada's most prominent painters and printmakers. In addition to a body of highly acclaimed paintings, prints, drawings and writing, he  designed the flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Order of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Order of Newfoundland and Labrador is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Instituted in 2001, when Lieutenant Governor Arthur Maxwell House granted royal assent to the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Newfoundland and Labrador residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Newfoundland and Labrador Crown.
Tomehane! Suzuri Kōkō Shodōbu
Tomehane! Suzuri Kōkō Shodōbu (とめはねっ! 鈴里高校書道部) is a Japanese manga series about Japanese calligraphy, written and illustrated by Katsutoshi Kawai. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Sunday from December 2006 to July 2008, when the magazine ceased its publication, and it was then transferred to Big Comic Spirits where it ran from September 2008 to March 2015; its chapters were collected in 14 tankōbon volumes. A 6-episode television drama adaptation was broadcast on NHK from January to February 2010.

Big Comic Spirits
Big Comic Spirits (ビッグコミックスピリッツ, Biggu Komikku Supirittsu) is a weekly Japanese seinen manga magazine published by Shogakukan. The first issue was published on October 14, 1980. Food, sports, romance and business are recurring themes in the magazine, and the stories often question conventional values. The magazine is published every Monday. Circulation in 2008 averaged over 300,000 copies, but by 2015 had dropped to 168,250. In 2009, Shogakukan launched a sister magazine, Monthly Big Comic Spirits.
Bichuwa
The bichuwa or bichawa (pl. bichuwe) (Hindi: बिछुवा, Urdu: بچھوا) is a dagger, originating from the Indian subcontinent, with a loop hilt and a narrow undulating sharp blade. It is named for its resemblance to the sting of a scorpion, for which the Hindi name is bichuwa. The weapon was based on the maduvu, or horn dagger created in South India, and many bichuwa have blades which retain the shape of buffalo horns. Early examples of the bichuwa come from the medieval southern Karnataka empire of Vijayanagara. Being relatively easy to make, the bichuwa has persisted into the 20th century as a decorative dagger.

Bagh nakh
The bagh nakh, vagh nakh, or vagh nakhya (Marathi: वाघनख / वाघनख्या, Bengali: বাঘনখ, Hindi: बाघ नख, Urdu: باگھ نکھ, lit. tiger claw) is a fist-load, claw-like dagger, originating from the Indian subcontinent, designed to fit over the knuckles or be concealed under and against the palm. It consists of four or five curved blades affixed to a crossbar or glove and is designed to slash through skin and muscle. It is believed to have been inspired by the armament of big cats, and the term bagh nakh itself means tiger's claw in Hindi.
2008 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 2008 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 4, 2008, and was part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Kansas was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 14.9% margin of victory. Prior to the election, all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win, or otherwise considered as a safe red state. He won all but three counties and one congressional district in the state. Obama still performed significantly better than Kerry, and his 41.55% of the vote remains the highest for a Democrat in the 21st century, although his running mate Joe Biden nearly matched that percentage 12 years later, with a slight reduction in margin of defeat.

As of 2024, this is the last time that Crawford County voted for the Democratic candidate in a presidential election.

Crawford County, Kansas
Crawford County is a county located in Southeast Kansas.  Its county seat is Girard, and its most populous city is Pittsburg.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 38,972.  The county was named in honor of Samuel Crawford, the third governor of Kansas.  Pittsburg State University is located in Crawford County.
Coleg Morgannwg
Coleg Morgannwg (Welsh for 'Glamorgan college') is a former further education college located at four main campuses across Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. In 2013, Coleg Morgannwg merged with Ystrad Mynach College to become Coleg y Cymoedd.

The college's main campuses were located in Aberdare, Nantgarw, Pontypridd, and Llwynypia. The college also operated a number of outreach centres within local communities. Courses offered by the college included NVQs, GCSEs, BTECs, A levels and access courses.

The Nantgarw campus opened in September 2012, costing £40m to be built. £20m of funding was provided by the Welsh Government through a 2009 grant scheme. The campus offered 24 subjects for A-Level students.

Ystrad Mynach College and Coleg Morgannwg began discussing a merger in 2011 and confirmed the merge in 2013. The new college was named Coleg y Cymoedd, meaning "College of the Valleys". The new college reopened in August 2013 with a capacity of over 25,000 students.

Coleg y Cymoedd
Coleg y Cymoedd (Welsh for 'college of the valleys') is a further education college located at four main campuses across Rhondda Cynon Taf, and Caerphilly, Wales. Coleg y Cymoedd was formed after the merger of Coleg Morgannwg and Ystrad Mynach College in September 2013.
Takashimadaira Station
Takashimadaira Station (高島平駅, Takashimadaira-eki) is a railway station on the Toei Mita Line in Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei).

Toei Mita Line
The Toei Mita Line (都営地下鉄三田線, Toei Chikatetsu Mita-sen) is a subway line of the municipal Toei Subway network in Tokyo, Japan. The line runs between Nishi-Takashimadaira in Itabashi and Meguro in Shinagawa. Trains continue with direct service into the Meguro Line of Tokyu Corporation for Hiyoshi. The portion between Shirokane-Takanawa and Meguro is shared with the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line.

The line was named after the Mita district in Minato, Tokyo, under which it passes. On maps and signboards, the line is shown in blue. Stations carry the letter "I" followed by a two-digit number.

In fiscal year 2023, the Mita Line was Toei's second most profitable line, earning 6.30 billion yen in surplus (after the Asakusa Line). It served 606,811 passengers on average per day, the lowest in the Toei network.
2015 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds
The 2015 CAF Champions League qualifying rounds were played from 13 February to 3 May 2015. A total of 57 teams competed in the qualifying rounds to decide the eight places in the group stage of the 2015 CAF Champions League.

2015 CAF Champions League group stage
The 2015 CAF Champions League group stage was played from 26 June to 12 September 2015. A total of eight teams competed in the group stage to decide the four places in the knockout stage of the 2015 CAF Champions League.
Eduard Nikolaev
Eduard Valentinovich Nikolaev (Russian: Эдуард Валентинович Николаев; born 21 August 1984) is a Russian rally raid driver, best known for winning the 2013 Dakar Rally, 2017 Dakar Rally, 2018 Dakar Rally and the 2019 Dakar Rally in the truck category for Kamaz.

2019 Dakar Rally
The 2019 Dakar Rally was the 41st edition of the event and the eleventh successive year that the event was held in South America. The event started in Lima, Peru on 6 January and finished there on 17 January after 10 stages of competition, making it the first Dakar Rally to be held in a single country.

Qatari Nasser Al-Attiyah won his third Dakar in the Cars division for Toyota, in the process becoming the second person to win the Dakar Rally with three different vehicle manufacturers (other wins came with Volkswagen in 2011 and Mini in 2015). In the Bikes division, Toby Price of Australia won his second Dakar Rally despite suffering from a fractured wrist during the event. The Kamaz team of Eduard Nikolaev, Evgenii Iakovlev and Vladimir Rybakov won their third consecutive title in the Trucks division.

This would mark the final time the Dakar Rally was held in South America. From 2020 onwards, the rally was held in Saudi Arabia.
ASC Sonalec
Association Sportive et Culturelle Sonelec (sometimes referred to as ASC Sonelec) is a Mauritanean football club based in the capital city of Nouakchott. The club plays in the Mauritanean Second Division.

In 1995 the team has won the Mauritanean Premier League, their only title.  The club also has two national cup titles which were won for two consecutive seasons in 1997 and 1998.

The club is currently playing in the National Second Division in the Special Zone and was 5th of the 2014/15 season.

After winning their only championship title ASC Sonalec was to challenge Boavista Praia from Cape Verde in the southwest, the tournament was abandoned and was out of the African Cup of Champions Clubs.  This was Sonalec's only appearance, one of a few clubs in what is now the CAF Champions League that has never scored a goal and have never played a match.

Boavista FC (Cape Verde)
Boavista Futebol Clube (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC or ALUPEK: FK Boavista or FK Boabista, Boavista or Boavista Futibol Klubi) is a football club that had played in the Premier division and plays in the Santiago Island South Zone League in Cape Verde.  It is based in the city of Praia in the island of Santiago.  The team has only reached a few of these games before and after independence. Its current president is Luis Manuel Semedo who once coached Boa Vista's Académica Operária. and its manager is Nelito Antunes.

Boavista Praia is one of the most successful football (soccer) club in Cape Verde, As of 2017 having won about 18 official titles, 6 are national titles and 12 are regional titles.

Its nicknames are As Panteras, also the nickname of Porto's Boavista F.C., the other nickname is Boavista, the club name. Not commonly used is Os Axadrezados (The Chequered ones) which is also Porto's Boavista FC nickname.
Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and one of the five major rivers associated with the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab then flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot.

The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals.

Lahaul and Spiti district
Lahaul and Spiti district is a high-altitude district in Himachal Pradesh, north India. This entirely mountainous district consists of two geographically distinct as well as formerly separate political-administrative units, called Lahaul (Tibetan: གར་ཞ་, Wylie: gar zha) and Spiti (Tibetan: སྤི་ཏི་, Wylie: spi ti; or Tibetan: སྤྱི་ཏི, Wylie: spyi ti). Lahaul and Spiti is the largest district by area in Himachal Pradesh, and one of the least populous districts in the whole of India. Kyelang (also spelled as 'Keylong') in Lahaul is the headquarters of the whole district, while Spiti also has a subdivisional headquarters, at Kaza.

Lahaul and Spiti is fast becoming a top weekend getaway destination in Himachal, due to improved road access via Atal Tunnel and rising investment in resorts and adventure activities.
Lath and plaster
Lath and plaster is a building process used to finish mainly interior dividing walls and ceilings. It consists of narrow strips of wood (laths) which are nailed horizontally across the wall studs or ceiling joists and then coated in plaster. The technique derives from an earlier, more primitive process called wattle and daub.

Lath and plaster largely fell out of favour in the U.K. after the introduction of plasterboard in the 1930s. In Canada and the United States, wood lath and plaster remained in use until the process was replaced by transitional methods followed by drywall (the North American term for plasterboard) in the mid-twentieth century.

Drywall
Drywall (also called plasterboard, dry lining, wallboard, sheet rock, gib board, gypsum board, buster board, turtles board, slap board, custard board, gypsum panel and gyprock) is a panel made of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum), with or without additives, typically extruded between thick sheets of facer and backer paper, used in the construction of interior walls and ceilings. The plaster is mixed with fiber (typically paper, glass wool, or a combination of these materials); plasticizer, foaming agent; and additives that can reduce mildew, flammability, and water absorption.

In the mid-20th century, drywall construction became prevalent in North America as a time- and labor-saving alternative to lath and plaster.
Vali (Ramayana)
Vali (Sanskrit: वाली) also known as Bali, was a vanara and the king of Kishkindha in the Hindu epic Ramayana. He was the son of Indra, the husband of Tara, the elder brother of Sugriva, and the father of Angada through his wife, Tara.

Vali obtained a pendant from his father, Indra, that which allowed him to restore his energy even when nearing death, making him a formidable fighter. He banished his brother Sugriva, who had assumed his throne, believing him to be dead. Sugriva sought the assistance of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, to intervene in their conflict. During a duel between the brothers, Rama shot Vali in the chest with an arrow.

Angada
Angada (Sanskrit: अङ्गदः, IAST: Aṅgada) is a legendary vanara in Hinduism. He helps Rama find his wife Sita and fight her abductor, Ravana, in the epic Ramayana. He is the son of Vali and prince of Kishkindha, and is later crowned as the kingdom's monarch.
Dunmanway Castle
Dunmanway Castle (Irish: Dún Mánmhaí) was a late 15th century tower house that once stood on the north bank of the Sally (Saileach) River in the town of Dunmanway. It was the chief residence of the MacCarthys of Gleannacroim, before being forfeited in the late-17th century and granted to Cromwellian Lt-Colonel William Arnopp. Some speculation exists around the demolition of the building after it was sold to the Cox family in 1692, with some sources suggesting the stone was used for the erection of a nearby flour-mill.

Dunmanway
Dunmanway (Irish: Dúnmaonmhuí, official Irish name: Dún Mánmhaí) is a market town in County Cork, in the southwest of Ireland. It is the geographical centre of the region known as West Cork. It is the birthplace of Sam Maguire, an Irish Protestant republican, for whom the trophy of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is named. The town centre is built on and around two rivers, which are tributaries of the larger River Bandon, which passes by at the east end of the town.

The town is twinned with Quéven, France. Dunmanway won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1982. The town came to national and international attention in 2009 when Liverpool Football Club played a pre-season soccer friendly in the area.

The population of Dunmanway at the 2011 census was 1,585, rising to 1,964 by the 2022 census.