hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nahel Merzouk riots
A series of riots in France began on 27 June 2023 following the fatal shooting of Nahel Merzouk in an encounter with two police officers in Nanterre, a suburb of Paris. Residents started a protest outside the police headquarters on the 27 June, which later escalated into rioting as demonstrators set cars alight, destroyed bus stops, and shot fireworks at police.

By 29 June, over 150 people had been arrested, 24 officers had been injured, and 40 cars had been torched. Fearing greater unrest, Gérald Darmanin, Interior Minister of France, deployed 1,200 riot police and gendarmes in and around Paris, later adding an additional 2,000. On 29 June, Darmanin announced that the government would deploy 40,000 officers nationwide, including RAID and GIGN counter-terrorist units, to quell the violence. After 4 July, the unrest dropped drastically and was soon declared over.

2023 French pension reform strikes
A series of protests began in France on 19 January 2023 with a demonstration of over one million people nationwide, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government to increase the retirement age from 62 to 64.

The strikes led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49.3 of the Constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action.

Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and France's Human Rights League condemned France's crackdown on protests and also denounced the assault on journalists. In addition, the Council of Europe also criticised the "excessive use of force by agents of the state".
Villa Lysis
Villa Lysis (initially, La Gloriette; today, Villa Fersen) is a villa on Capri built by industrialist and poet Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen in 1905. "Dedicated to the youth of love" (dédiée à la jeunesse d'amour), it was Fersen's self-chosen exile from France after a sex scandal involving Parisian schoolboys and nude (or nearly nude) tableaux vivants.

Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen
Baron Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen (20 February 1880 – 5 November 1923) was a French novelist and poet. His life forms the basis of a fictionalised 1959 novel by Roger Peyrefitte entitled The Exile of Capri (L'exilé de Capri).

In 1903, a scandal involving school pupils made d'Adelswärd persona non grata in the salons of Paris and dashed his marriage plans. For much of the rest of his life, he took up residence on Capri in self-imposed exile with his long-time lover, Nino Cesarini. He became a "character" on the island in the inter-war years, featuring in novels by Compton MacKenzie and others. His house, Villa Lysis, remains one of Capri's tourist attractions.
R v Ghosh
R v Ghosh [1982] EWCA Crim 2 is an English criminal law case setting out a test for dishonest conduct which was relevant as to many offences worded as doing an act dishonestly, such as deception, as theft, as mainstream types of fraud, and as benefits fraud. The test has been revised to an objective test, with rare exceptions, by the Supreme Court in Ivey v Genting Casinos [2017] UKSC 67.

Ivey v Genting Casinos
Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd t/a Crockfords [2017] UKSC 67 is a highly significant UK Supreme Court case. Although the dispute regarded breach of contract, the court used the opportunity to address the criminal law test for dishonesty – viewing the divergence of civil and criminal tests to be undesirable.
Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game
Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game set in the Star Wars universe, written and published by West End Games (WEG) between 1987 and 1999. The game system was slightly modified and rereleased in 2004 as D6 Space, which used a generic space opera setting. An unrelated Star Wars RPG was published by Wizards of the Coast from 2000 to 2010. Since 2012 the official Star Wars role-playing game is another unrelated game, the Star Wars Roleplaying Game, published by Fantasy Flight Games.

D6 System
The D6 System is a role-playing game system published by West End Games (WEG) and licensees. While the system is primarily intended for pen-and-paper role-playing games, variations of the system have also been used in live action role-playing games and miniature battle games. The system is named after the six-sided die, which is used in every roll required by the system.
Van Rysel
Van Rysel is a French cycling brand owned by Decathlon, specialising in the design and manufacture of bicycles and cycling equipment (road, gravel and triathlon). The name "Van Rysel" means "from Lille" in Flemish, in reference to the capital of French Flanders, where the brand was founded and designs its products.

Decathlon (retailer)
Decathlon (French pronunciation: [dekatlɔ̃]) is a French sporting goods retailer. With 1,817 stores in 79 countries and regions (2024), it is the largest sporting goods retailer in the world.

The company manages the research, design, production, logistics and distribution of its products in-house; partners with global suppliers; and markets its own brands directly to consumers in Decathlon-branded big-box stores. The retailer stocks a wide range of sporting goods, from tennis rackets to advanced scuba diving equipment, usually in large, big-box superstores  averaging 4,000 m2 in size. Decathlon Group markets its products under more than 20 brands. The company employs about 101,000 staff (2024).
Tu Nedhe
Tu Nedhe was a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The district consists of Fort Resolution and Lutselk'e.

The riding was dissolved for the 2015 election, merging with the district of Weledeh to create the new district of Tu Nedhé-Wiilideh.

Weledeh
Weledeh (or Yellowknife - Weledeh) was a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was one of seven districts that represent Yellowknife, and included the more rural communities of Dettah and N'Dilo.

The riding was dissolved for the 2015 election, with the Yellowknife portion transferred to a new district of Yellowknife North and the Dettah-N'Dilo portion merged with Tu Nedhe to create the new district of Tu Nedhé-Wiilideh.
Ongjin County, Incheon
Ongjin County (Korean: 옹진군) is a county in Incheon Metropolitan City, South Korea. It consists of a group of islands in the Yellow Sea (West Sea).

Four of the islands, Yeonpyeong Island, Baengnyeong, Daecheong, and Socheong Islands, are very near the Northern Limit Line. They are close to the Ongjin Peninsula of South Hwanghae Province in North Korea, at a considerable distance from the nearest part of the South Korean mainland. These islands are popular destinations for tourism. In historical contexts these three islands and their smaller neighbors are sometimes known as the Sir James Hall Group after Sir James Hall, whose son Basil Hall was an early Western visitor to Korea.

Yeonpyeongdo
Yeonpyeong Island or Yeonpyeongdo (Korean: 연평도 pronounced [jʌnpçʌŋdo]) is a group of South Korean islands in the Yellow Sea, located about 80 km (50 mi) west of Incheon and 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the coast of Hwanghae Province, North Korea. The main island of the group is Daeyeonpyeongdo ("Big Yeonpyeong Island"), also referred to simply as Yeonpyeong Island, with an area of 7.01 km2 (2.71 sq mi) and a population of around 1,300.

The principal population center is Yeonpyeong-ri, where the island's ferry port is located. The other inhabited island is Soyeonpyeongdo ("Small Yeonpyeong Island") with a small population and an area of 0.24 km2 (0.093 sq mi). Several other small islands comprise the rest of the group.

The island group constitutes Yeonpyeong-myeon, a subdivision of Ongjin County, Incheon, South Korea.

Yeonpyeong Island is known for its crab fishery.
Strategic and Defence Studies Centre
The Strategic and Defence Studies Centre (SDSC) is a university-based institute that is situated in the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs at the Australian National University. It is Australia's oldest-established centre for the study of strategic, defence and wider security issues and a leading regional think tank on these topics. The centre was established in 1966 by Professor T.B. Millar, then a senior fellow at the ANU's Department of International Relations, in order to "advance the study of Australian, regional, and global strategic and defence issues". The current head of SDSC is Brendan Taylor. Previous Heads include Emeritus Professor Paul Dibb and Professor Hugh White, who both also served as the Deputy Secretary for Strategy and Intelligence of the Department of Defence.

Hugh White (strategist)
Hugh White AO FASSA (born 1953) is an emeritus professor of strategic studies at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre of the Australian National University in Canberra, a longtime defence and intelligence analyst, and author who has published works on military strategy and international relations. He was Deputy Secretary for Strategy and Intelligence in the Australian Department of Defence from 1995 until 2000 and the first director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. His 2019 book, How to Defend Australia, attracted national attention after raising the proposition of an independently nuclear-armed Australia.
Srečko Kosovel
Srečko Kosovel (pronunciationⓘ) (18 March 1904 – 26 May 1926) was a Slovenian poet, now considered one of central Europe's major modernist poets. He was labeled an impressionistic poet of his native Karst region, a political poet resisting forced Italianization of the Slovene areas annexed by Italy, an expressionist, a dadaist, a satirist, and as a voice of international socialism, using avant-garde constructivist forms. He is now considered a Slovenian poetic icon.

Most of Kosovel's works were published almost four decades after his early death at 22. In his homeland, Kosovel entered the 20th-century Slovene literary canon as a poet who produced an impressive body of work of more than 1000 drafts, among them 500 complete poems, with a quality regarded as unusually high for his age.

Slovene minority in Italy (1920–1947)
The Slovene minority in Italy (1920–1947) was the indigenous Slovene population—approximately 327,000 out of a total population of 1.3 million ethnic Slovenes at the time—that was cut from the remaining three-quarters of the Slovene ethnic community after the First World War. According to the secret Treaty of London and the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920, the former Austrian Littoral and western part of the former Inner Carniola of defeated Austria-Hungary were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. Whereas only a few thousand Italians were left in the new South Slavic state, a population of half a million Slavs, both Slovenes and Croats, was subjected to forced Italianization until the fall of Fascism in Italy.  After the Second World War, most of the region known as the Slovenian Littoral  was transferred to Yugoslavia under the terms of the Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947.
Medal of Honor (video game series)
Medal of Honor is a series of first-person shooter video games created by American film director and producer Steven Spielberg. The first game, Medal of Honor, was developed by DreamWorks Interactive and published by Electronic Arts for the PlayStation in 1999. It spawned a series of follow-up games including multiple expansions spanning various console platforms and PCs.

The first twelve installments take place during World War II, as does the fifteenth. The main characters are usually elite members of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), while some of the later games focus on modern warfare. The concept, story, and executive production of the first three games were overseen by Spielberg, who later sold the franchise to Electronic Arts in February 2000. The music in the franchise was composed by Michael Giacchino, Christopher Lennertz and Ramin Djawadi.

Danger Close Games
Danger Close Games (formerly DreamWorks Interactive LLC and EA Los Angeles) was an American video game developer based in Los Angeles. The company was founded on March 22, 1995, as joint venture between DreamWorks SKG and Microsoft (later moved to Microsoft Games) under the name DreamWorks Interactive, with studios in Redmond, Washington, and Los Angeles.

In February 2000, the Los Angeles studio of DreamWorks Interactive was acquired by Electronic Arts and renamed EA Los Angeles, and to Danger Close Games in 2010. The studio's sole responsibility after 2010 was to develop games in the Medal of Honor franchise. When the series was put on hold in January 2013, Danger Close was shut down, with some staff moving on to DICE LA (now Ripple Effect Studios), a Los Angeles studio of DICE, another subsidiary of Electronic Arts.
Aadukalam
Aadukalam (pronunciationⓘ; transl. Playground) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language sports action drama film directed by Vetrimaaran, produced by S. Kathiresan and distributed by Sun Pictures. The film stars Dhanush in the lead role, alongside Taapsee (in her Tamil debut), Kishore, V. I. S. Jayapalan, Naren Narayanan, and Murugadoss. G. V. Prakash Kumar composed the film score and soundtrack.

The film was released on 14 January 2011 to critical acclaim, with critics praising the screenplay, direction and performances (particularly of Dhanush, Jayapalan and Naren). The film won six awards at the 58th National Film Awards, including Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Actor. The film also won five awards at the 59th Filmfare Awards South – Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Music Director and Best Cinematography. Based on an online poll by The Times of India, Vetrimaran was chosen as the best director for Aadukalam.

Aadukalam Naren
Aadukalam Naren (born Narayanan) is an Indian actor who has appears in Tamil and Telugu films, mainly playing supporting and antagonistic roles. He made his debut with the 1997 film Raman Abdullah but got noticed for his role in the 2011 film Aadukalam and has since added the film's title as a prefix to his stage name.
Frederick Ash Building
Frederick Ash Building is a heritage-listed warehouse and retail premises at 359–361 Hunter Street, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Frederick B. Menkens and built from 1904 to 1905.  It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Frederick Menkens
Frederick Menkens (1855-1901) was a German architect who built several notable  buildings in the Newcastle and Hunter Valley. Additionally, he built 28 city buildings between Union and the city East End.
HMS Terror (1813)
HMS Terror was a specialised warship and a newly developed bomb vessel constructed for the Royal Navy in 1813. She participated in several battles of the War of 1812, including the Battle of Baltimore with the bombardment of Fort McHenry. She was converted into a polar exploration ship two decades later, and participated in George Back's Arctic expedition of 1836–1837, the successful Ross expedition to the Antarctic of 1839 to 1843, and Sir John Franklin's ill-fated attempt to force the Northwest Passage in 1845, during which she was lost with all hands along with HMS Erebus.

On 12 September 2016, the Arctic Research Foundation announced that the wreck of Terror had been found in Nunavut's Terror Bay, off the southwest coast of King William Island. The wreck was discovered 92 km (57 mi) south of the location where the ship was reported abandoned, and some 50 km (31 mi) from the wreck of HMS Erebus, discovered in September 2014.

Bomb vessel
A bomb vessel, bomb ship, bomb ketch, or simply bomb was a type of wooden sailing naval ship. Its primary armament was not cannons (long guns or carronades) – although bomb vessels carried a few cannons for self-defence – but mortars mounted forward near the bow and elevated to a high angle, and projecting their fire in a ballistic arc. Explosive shells (also called bombs at the time) or carcasses were employed rather than solid shot. Bomb vessels were specialized ships designed for bombarding (hence the name) fixed positions on land. In the 20th century, this naval gunfire support role was carried out by the most similar purpose-built World War I- and II-era monitors, but also by other warships now firing long-range explosive shells.
Line S9 (Nanjing Metro)
Line S9 is a north–south suburban metro line in the Nanjing Metro (Chinese: 南京地铁S9号线; pinyin: Nánjīng Dìtiě S-Jiǔ Hào Xiàn) system, which opened on December 30, 2017. It connects to Line S1 at Xiangyulunan and crosses Shijiu Lake on a 12 km (7.5 mi) long bridge between Mingjue and Tuanjiewei.

Line S9 also serves as the second stage of the Nanjing–Gaochun Intercity Railway, with Line S1 serving as the first stage. In June 2019 a few express trains started operating during rush hour, running non-stop between Xiangyulunan and Gaochun.

Line S1 (Nanjing Metro)
Line S1 of the Nanjing Metro (Chinese: 南京地铁S1号线; pinyin: Nánjīng Dìtiě S-Yī Hào Xiàn), is a suburban metro rail line serving the southern suburbs of Nanjing, running from Nanjing South Railway Station to Konggang Xincheng Jiangning.  It connects Nanjing South railway station with Nanjing Lukou International Airport. It is 34.9 km (21.7 mi) long has 8 stations. The line started construction on December 27, 2011, and was opened on July 1, 2014. In September 2011 a contract for 15 6 car Class B metro trains was given to CSR Corporation Limited, with the first train arriving in August 2013.

Line S1 also serves as the first stage of the Nanjing–Gaochun intercity railway, with Line S9 serving as the second stage.
David Jaffe
David Scott Jaffe (born April 13, 1971) is an American video game designer best known for directing the Twisted Metal and God of War series. In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.

Twisted Metal
Twisted Metal is a series of vehicular combat video games originally developed by SingleTrac and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The series has appeared on the PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 3. As of October 31, 2000, the series had sold 5 million copies. Several of the games in the series were re-released as part of the Sony Greatest Hits program. The original game and its first sequel were also released for the PC.
Cuthbert Burbage
Cuthbert Burbage (1565 – 15 September 1636) was an English theatrical figure, son of James Burbage, builder of the Theatre in Shoreditch and elder brother of the actor Richard Burbage. From 1589 he was the owner of the ground lease of the Theatre. Best known for his central role in the construction of the Globe Theatre, he was for four decades a significant agent in the success and endurance of Shakespeare's company, the King's Men.

James Burbage
James Burbage (c. 1531 – 2 February 1597) was an English actor, theatre impresario, joiner, and theatre builder in the English Renaissance theatre. He built The Theatre, the first permanent dedicated theatre built in England since Roman times.
Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery
The Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery (Burmese: သံဖြူဇရပ်စစ်သင်္ချိုင်း) is a prisoner of war cemetery for victims of Japanese imprisonment who died building the Death Railway  in Burma. It is at the Burmese end of the Second World War railway construction, in Thanbyuzayat, 65 kilometres south of Mawlamyine (Moulmein). Thanbyuzayat is considered the terminus of the Death Railway, and is where it connected with the Burmese main line (Burma-Siam Railway).

The cemetery was formally inaugurated on 10 December 1946 by General Aung San and Governor Sir Hubert Rance. It is open every day between 07:00–17:00.

Kanchanaburi War Cemetery
The Kanchanaburi War Cemetery (known locally as the Don-Rak War Cemetery) is the main prisoner of war (POW) cemetery for victims of Japanese imprisonment while building the Burma Railway. It is on the main road, Saeng Chuto Road, through the town of Kanchanaburi, Thailand, adjacent to an older Chinese cemetery. The cemetery contains 6,982 graves of British, Australian and Dutch prisoners of war, of whom 6,858 have been identified.
Nepalgunj
Nepalgunj (Nepali: नेपालगञ्ज; [neˈpalɡʌnd͡z]), also spelled Nepalganj, is a Sub-Metropolitan City in Banke District, Nepal. It lies on the Terai plains near the southern border with Bahraich district in Uttar Pradesh, India. Nepalgunj is 153 kilometers south-west of Ghorahi and 16 km south of Kohalpur. Former Village Development Committee: Udayapur, Bhawaniyapur, Piprahawa, Jaispur, Paraspur, Indrapur, Khaskarkado, Basudevpur, Manikapur and Puraina were added to territory in order to make it Sub metropolitan city on 2071 Paush 28 and later Puraini was also added in list on 2072 Paush 21. Further, while restructuring of local levels nationwide, ward no. 23 (former Indrapur VDC) was taken out to Janaki Rural Municipality and ward no. 7 of Hirminiya VDC was added to Nepalgunj.

Kohalpur
Kohalpur (Nepali: कोहलपुर) is a municipality in Banke District of Lumbini province of Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 merging the existing two Village Development Committees i.e. Rajhena and Kohalpur. The town is in East-West highway and one of the fastest developing places in Nepal. A neighboring city Nepalgunj is on South (16 km [9.9 mi]), with Ghorahi city (135 km [84 mi]) to west in Dang District and towards south further 6 km (3.7 mi) is the Indian border. In fact it is a growing city in the western region of Nepal.  It has a junction to diverse the roadway transport to east, west, north and south from the city.

It is accessible by air (Nepalgunj Airport) and by road (535 km [332 mi] west of Kathmandu).
Priesthill
Priesthill (Scottish Gaelic: Cnoc an t-Sagairt) is a neighbourhood in the south of the River Clyde in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It falls under the Greater Pollok ward of the city council area. The Darnley neighbourhood is located to the south, on the opposite side of the Glasgow South Western Line railway (both areas are served by Priesthill and Darnley railway station), while Nitshill lies to the west and Househillwood and the Silverburn Centre shopping complex to the north. The M77 motorway runs to the east of Priesthill with open farmland beyond.

Darnley
Darnley is an area in south-west Glasgow, Scotland, on the A727 just west of Arden (the areas are separated by the M77 motorway although a footbridge connects them). Other nearby neighbourhoods are Priesthill to the north, Southpark Village to the south, and South Nitshill and Parkhouse to the west; there is also a small industrial estate. The closest railway station is Priesthill and Darnley. The Brock Burn flows through the area.
Synagogues of Kraków
The synagogues of Kraków are a collection of monuments of Jewish sacred architecture in Poland. The seven main synagogues of the Jewish District of Kazimierz constitute the largest such complex in Europe next to Prague. These are:

The Old Synagogue

Wolf Popper Synagogue

Remah Synagogue

High Synagogue

Izaak Synagogue

Temple Synagogue

Kupa Synagogue

Two other houses of prayer, both from the 19th century, could be classed as synagogues, both of them on Meiselsa street: the B'nea Emun prayer house and the Hevre Tehillim, psalm brotherhood house of prayer.

It was put on the list of UNESCO world heritage sites along with the entire city district in 1978.

Wolf Popper Synagogue
The Wolf Popper Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Wolfa Poppera), also known as the Bociana Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Bociana) and Little Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Mała), is a historic former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 16 Szeroka Street, in Kazimierz, the former district of Kraków, Poland.

Founded by the eponymous Wolf Popper and completed in 1620, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until it went into decline after the passing of its founder and chief benefactor. The former Popper Synagogue serves as bookshop and also as an art gallery in the women's area upstairs.