hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graphical Kernel System
The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) is a 2D computer graphics system using vector graphics, introduced in 1977. It was suitable for making line and bar charts and similar tasks. A key concept was cross-system portability, based on an underlying coordinate system that could be represented on almost any hardware. GKS is best known as the basis for the graphics in the GEM GUI system used on the Atari ST and as part of Ventura Publisher.

A draft international standard was circulated for review in September 1983. Final ratification of the standard was achieved in 1985, making it the first ISO graphics standard.

A 3D system modelled on GKS was introduced as PHIGS, which saw some use in the 1980s and early 1990s.

GEM (desktop environment)
GEM (Graphics Environment Manager) is a discontinued operating environment released by Digital Research in 1985. GEM is known primarily as the native graphical user interface of the Atari ST series of computers, providing a WIMP desktop. It was also available for IBM PC compatibles and shipped with some models from Amstrad. It was available on the BBC Master computer with an Intel 80186 co-processor. GEM is used as the core for some commercial MS-DOS programs, the most notable being Ventura Publisher. It was ported to other computers that previously lacked graphical interfaces, but never gained traction. The final retail version of GEM was released in 1988.

Digital Research later produced X/GEM for their FlexOS real-time operating system with adaptations for OS/2 Presentation Manager and the X Window System under preparation as well.
Balanced polygamma function
In mathematics, the generalized polygamma function or balanced negapolygamma function is a function introduced by Olivier Espinosa Aldunate and Victor Hugo Moll.

It generalizes the polygamma function to negative and fractional order, but remains equal to it for integer positive orders.

Polygamma function
In mathematics, the polygamma function of order m is a meromorphic function on the complex numbers  defined as the (m + 1)th derivative of the logarithm of the gamma function:

Thus

holds where ψ(z) is the digamma function and Γ(z) is the gamma function. They are holomorphic on . At all the nonpositive integers these polygamma functions have a pole of order m + 1. The function ψ(1)(z) is sometimes called the trigamma function.
Pakistan Women's One-Day Cup
The Pakistan Women's One Day Cup, previously the PCB Triangular One Day Women's Tournament, is a women's domestic one-day cricket competition organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board. The tournament first took place in 2017–18, with three teams taking part: PCB Blasters, PCB Challengers and PCB Dynamites. In 2021–22, PCB Strikers joined the competition, before being removed ahead of the 2022–23 season. The competition has run alongside the PCB Triangular Twenty20 Women's Tournament.

PCB Dynamites are the most successful side in the history of the competition, with three titles. They are also the current holders, after winning the 2022–23 tournament.

PCB Blasters
PCB Blasters are a Pakistani women's cricket team that compete in the Pakistan Women's One Day Cup and the PCB Women's Twenty20 Tournament. The team has no geographical base, instead being made up of some of the best players from across Pakistan. They are captained by Fatima Sana and coached by Mohtashim Rasheed. They have won the 2019–20 edition of the Women's One-Day Cup, and the 2022–23 Women's Twenty20 Tournament.
Opossum
Opossums (/əˈpɒsəmz/) are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia (/daɪˌdɛlfɪˈmɔːrfiə/) endemic to the Americas. The largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere, it comprises 126 species in 18 genera. Opossums originated in South America and entered North America in the Great American Interchange following the connection of North and South America in the late Cenozoic.

The Virginia opossum is the only species found in the United States and Canada. It is often simply referred to as an opossum; in North America, it is commonly referred to as a possum (/ˈpɒsəm/; sometimes rendered as 'possum in written form to indicate the dropped "o"). The Australasian arboreal marsupials of suborder Phalangeriformes are also called possums because of their resemblance to opossums, but they belong to a different order. The opossum is typically a nonaggressive animal and almost never carries the virus that causes rabies.

Water opossum
The water opossum (Chironectes minimus), also locally known as the yapok (/ˈjæpɒk/), is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It is the only monotypic species of its genus, Chironectes. This semiaquatic creature is found in and near freshwater streams and lakes from Mexico through Central and South America to Argentina and is the most aquatic living marsupial (the lutrine opossum also has semiaquatic habits). It is also the only extant marsupial species in which both sexes have a pouch. The now extinct thylacine, commonly referred to as the Tasmanian tiger, also exhibited this trait.

The local name for the water opossum, "yapok", may come from the name of the Oyapock River in French Guiana.
Shōjo Gahō
Shōjo Gahō (少女画報; lit. 'Girls' Pictorial') was a monthly shōjo (girls) magazine published by Tōkyōsha in 1912 in Japan. The magazine was known for the series of short stories Hana monogatari (Flower Tales) written by Yoshiya Nobuko. Popular artists including Takabatake Kashō, Fukiya Kōji and Matsumoto Katsuji also contributed to the illustrations for the magazine. The publication ended in 1942 when it was merged into Shōjo no Tomo.

Shōjo no tomo
Shōjo no tomo (少女の友, Shōjo no tomo, "Girls' Friend") was a Japanese magazine published by Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha from February 1908 to June 1955. It featured early shōjo manga-style imagery, and work by Takuboku Ishikawa, Katsuji Matsumoto, Jun'ichi Nakahara, and Akiko Yosano.
Vitali set
In mathematics, a Vitali set is an elementary example of a set of real numbers that is not Lebesgue measurable, found by Giuseppe Vitali in 1905. The Vitali theorem is the existence theorem that there are such sets. Each Vitali set is uncountable, and there are uncountably many Vitali sets. The proof of their existence depends on the axiom of choice.

Giuseppe Vitali
Giuseppe Vitali (26 August 1875 – 29 February 1932) was an Italian mathematician who worked in several branches of mathematical analysis. He gives his name to several entities in mathematics, most notably the Vitali set with which he was the first to give an example of a non-measurable subset of real numbers.
Balance point temperature
The building balance point temperature is the outdoor air temperature when the heat gains of the building are equal to the heat losses. Internal heat sources due to electric lighting, mechanical equipment, body heat, and solar radiation may offset the need for additional heating although the outdoor temperature may be below the thermostat set-point temperature.

The building balance point temperature is the base temperature necessary to calculate heating degree day to anticipate the annual energy demand to heat a building. The balance point temperature is a consequence of building design and function rather than outdoor weather conditions.

Heating degree day
Heating degree day (HDD) is a measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy needed to heat a building. HDD is derived from measurements of outside air temperature. The estimated average heating energy requirements for a given building at a specific location are considered to be directly proportional to the number of HDD at that location.

Related measurements include the cooling degree day (CDD), which quantifies energy demand for air conditioning.
Charles M. Swift
Charles May Swift (March 19, 1854 – June 21, 1929) was the American businessman who founded Meralco, the largest electric utility and one of the leading companies of the Philippines, founded as the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company, composed largely of Detroit and Pittsburgh capital.  Swift also founded the Philippine Railway Company Inc. (now known as Panay Railways) and several other railroads in Michigan.

Meralco
The Manila Electric Company, also known as Meralco (/mɜːrɑːlkoʊ/, Tagalog: [mɛˈɾalkɔ], stylized in uppercase), is an electric power distribution company in the Philippines. It is Metro Manila's only electric power distributor and holds the power distribution franchise for 39 cities and 72 municipalities, including the whole of Metro Manila and the exurbs that form Mega Manila.

The name "Meralco" is an acronym for Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company, which was the company's official name until 1919.
Hiram Shaw Wilkinson
Sir Hiram Shaw Wilkinson, JP, DL (1840–1926) was a leading British judge and diplomat, serving in China and Japan.  His last position before retirement was as Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Corea.

British Supreme Court for China
The British Supreme Court for China (originally the British Supreme Court for China and Japan) was a court established in the Shanghai International Settlement to try cases against British subjects in China, Japan and Korea under the principles of extraterritoriality.

The court also heard appeals from consular courts in China, Japan and Korea and from the British Court for Japan which was established in 1879.
Stan Lathan
Stan Lathan (born July 8, 1945) is an American television and film director and television producer. He is executive producer and director of BET's Real Husbands of Hollywood. He has produced and directed numerous stand-up comedy specials starring comedian Dave Chappelle, including Killin' Them Softly, Equanimity, The Bird Revelation, Sticks & Stones, and The Closer.

Dave Chappelle: Killin' Them Softly
Dave Chappelle: Killin' Them Softly is a 2000 American stand-up comedy television film directed by Stan Lathan and written by and starring comedian Dave Chappelle. Filmed at the Lincoln Theatre in Washington, D.C., it was Chappelle's first hour-long HBO special, premiering on HBO on July 26, 2000. In the special, Chappelle talks about a variety of topics, including racism, police brutality, and drug use.
Harvest, Alabama
Harvest is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the northwestern part of Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the population of the community is 5,893.

Madison County, Alabama
Madison County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 388,153, and according to a 2023 population estimate the county has become the second-most populous county in Alabama after only Jefferson County, home to Birmingham. Its county seat is Huntsville. Since the mid-20th century it has become an area of defense and space research and industry. The county is named in honor of James Madison, fourth President of the United States and the first President to visit the state of Alabama. Madison County covers parts of the former Decatur County. Madison County is included in the Huntsville, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lochore Cup
The Lochore Cup is a New Zealand rugby union trophy named after famed Wairarapa Bush and All Blacks player and coach Brian Lochore. It is contested during the Heartland Championship. It was first awarded in 2006, when the Heartland Championship format was introduced.

Heartland Championship
The Heartland Championship is an annual round-robin rugby union competition in men's domestic New Zealand rugby. First played in 2006, it is the third highest level of competition in New Zealand alongside the Ranfurly Shield. It is organised by New Zealand Rugby (NZR) and since 2021, it has been known as the Bunnings Heartland Championship after Bunnings, its naming rights sponsor.

Following the 2005 National Provincial Championship the NPC was restructured into two competitions. The Heartland Championship would include semi-professional and amateur players, and consist of the bottom twelve populated and performing regional teams. The higher ranked teams would compete in the reformed professional National Provincial Championship.
Isola 2000
Isola 2000 is a ski resort in the southern French Alps. It is located on the territory of the commune of Isola, Alpes-Maritimes. It is one of the Stations du Mercantour, along with Auron and St. Dalmas, and is operated by the council of the Alpes-Maritimes. It is located next to the Mercantour National Park, and is about 90 km from Nice, France.

Isola, Alpes-Maritimes
Isola (French pronunciation: [izɔla]; Occitan: Lieusola) is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

The Alpine ski resort of Isola 2000 is located on the territory of the commune.
Tanganyika laughter epidemic
The Tanganyika laughter epidemic of 1962 was an outbreak of mass hysteria—or mass psychogenic illness (MPI)—rumored to have occurred in or near the village of Kashasha on the western coast of Lake Victoria in Tanganyika (now Tanzania; with the unification with Zanzibar two years later) near the border with Uganda.

Mass psychogenic illness
Mass psychogenic illness (MPI), also called mass sociogenic illness, mass psychogenic disorder, epidemic hysteria or mass hysteria, involves the spread of illness symptoms through a population where there is no infectious agent responsible for contagion. It is the rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms affecting members of a cohesive group, originating from a nervous system disturbance involving excitation, loss, or alteration of function, whereby physical complaints that are exhibited unconsciously have no corresponding organic causes that are known.
Kendra Moyle
Kendra Moyle (born September 17, 1990) is an American former competitive pair skater. With former partner Andy Seitz, she is the 2006 World Junior silver medalist and 2006 U.S. Junior national champion.

Andy Seitz
Andy Seitz (born December 13, 1985) is an American former competitive pair skater. He teamed up with Kendra Moyle in February 2005. Together, they are the 2006 U.S. Junior national champions and 2006 World Junior silver medalists. They skated on both the Junior Grand Prix and senior Grand Prix circuit in the 2006/2007 season. He previously skated with sister Lindsey Seitz.

Seitz announced his retirement from competitive skating on April 4, 2007.
Star Roses and Plants/Conard-Pyle
Star Roses and Plants/Conard-Pyle, is a horticultural products company, based in West Grove, Pennsylvania since 1855. The company introduced the Peace rose to America from Europe, and always specialized in rose production, but at one time, they were the leading Canna grower and hybridizer in the United States. Star Roses and Plants/Conard-Pyle is best known for introducing the Knock Out Family of Roses and Drift Roses.

Rosa 'Peace'
The Peace rose, formally Rosa 'Peace', synonym Mme A. Meilland, is a well-known and successful garden rose. By 1992, over one hundred million plants of this hybrid tea had been sold. The cultivar has large flowers of a light yellow to cream color, slightly flushed at the petal edges with crimson-pink. It is hardy and vigorous and relatively resistant to disease, making it popular in gardens as well as in the floral trade.

It was developed by French horticulturist Francis Meilland, in the years 1935 to 1939. When Meilland foresaw the German invasion of France, he sent cuttings to friends in Italy, Turkey, Germany, and the United States to protect the new rose. It is said that it was sent to the US on the last plane available before the German invasion, where it was safely propagated by the Conard Pyle Co. during the war.
Kvikne Municipality
Kvikne is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 1,154-square-kilometre (446 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1966. The area is now divided between Tynset Municipality in Innlandet county and Rennebu Municipality in Trøndelag county. The area was one of the northernmost parts of the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre was the village of Kvikne where Kvikne Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1966, the 1,154-square-kilometre (446 sq mi) municipality was the 85th largest by area out of the 466 municipalities in Norway. Kvikne Municipality was the 422nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,092. The municipality's population density was 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 13.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Copper mining and soapstone quarries were historically significant industries in the municipality.

Rennebu Municipality
Rennebu is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Orkdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Berkåk, located along European route E6. The majority of the population lives in the villages of Berkåk, Innset, Stamnan, Ulsberg, Voll, and Nerskogen.

The 948-square-kilometre (366 sq mi) municipality is the 123rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Rennebu Municipality is the 257th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,484. The municipality's population density is 2.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Knud Spødervold
Knud Kittelsen Spødervold (24 July 1791 – 20 March 1848) was a Norwegian author and lay preacher and leader of the Strong Believers (Sterktroende), a theologically conservative Norwegian Christian movement in opposition to the Haugean movement, with roots in the Lutheran Church of Norway.

Haugean movement
The Haugean movement or Haugeanism (Norwegian: haugianere/haugianarar) was a Pietistic state church reform movement intended to bring new life and vitality into the Church of Norway, which had been often characterized by formalism and lethargy. The movement emphasized personal diligence, enterprise and frugality.
3rd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion
3d Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion (3D LAR BN) is a fast and mobilized armored terrestrial reconnaissance battalion of the United States Marine Corps. Their primary weapon system is the LAV-25 and they are part of the 1st Marine Division and I Marine Expeditionary Force. The unit is based out of the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California.

Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms
The Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC), also known as 29 Palms, is the largest United States Marine Corps base. The base covers a total area of 1,102 square miles.

It was a census-designated place (CDP) officially known as Twentynine Palms Base located adjacent to the city of Twentynine Palms in southern San Bernardino County, California. As of the 2000 census, the base had a total population of 8,413. The Zip Code of the base is 92278; the base housing's Zip Code is 92277. The CDP was discontinued prior to the 2010 census.
Alain Gilles
Alain Gilles (5 May 1945 – 18 November 2014) was a French professional basketball player and coach. He was 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) tall and played at the point guard and shooting guard positions.

His number 4 jersey was retired by ASVEL, and the club's logo was also designed in his honor. In 1991, Gilles was included in the FIBA's 50 Greatest Players' list.
He was named The Best French Basketball Player of the 20th Century, by a panel of players, coaches, and journalists. He was nicknamed "Monsieur Basket" (English: "Mr. Basket").

The Alain Gilles Trophy ("The Best French Player Award") is named after him, in his honor by the French Federation of Basketball.

ASVEL Basket
ASVEL Basket, currently known as LDLC ASVEL for sponsorship reasons,  is a French professional basketball team located in the commune of Villeurbanne, a suburb of Lyon, France. The club, which is the basketball section of the ASVEL multi-sports club, competes at the highest level of French basketball, the LNB Élite. The club's home games are played in both the OL Arena and the Astroballe which have a seated capacities of 12,523 and 5,560 respectively.

Founded in 1948, the team is the most successful in French basketball with 21 LNB Élite championships and 10 French Cup titles.

In 2014, Tony Parker became the president of the club. In 2017, Nicolas Batum became the club's director of basketball operations. In June 2019, football club Olympique Lyonnais's holding company OL Groupe purchased a 25% stake in the ASVEL men's team, plus a 10% stake in the ASVEL women's team, in a deal worth around €3.7 million. The deal also included a plan for a new EuroLeague-standard arena.
San Juan Bautista, California
San Juan Bautista (Spanish for "Saint John the Baptist") is a city in San Benito County, California, United States. The population was 2,089 as of the 2020 census. San Juan Bautista was founded in 1797 by the Spanish under Fermín de Lasuén, with the establishment of Mission San Juan Bautista. Following the Mexican secularization of 1833, the town was briefly known as San Juan de Castro and eventually incorporated in 1896. Today, San Juan is a popular tourist destination, as the home of the San Juan Bautista State Historic Park and other important historic sites, as well as cultural institutions like El Teatro Campesino.

Mission San Juan Bautista
Mission San Juan Bautista is a Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. Founded on June 24, 1797, by Fermín de Lasuén of the Franciscan order, the mission was the fifteenth of the Spanish missions established in present-day California. Named for Saint John the Baptist, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Juan Bautista.

Barracks for the soldiers, a nunnery, the Jose Castro House, the Plaza Hotel and other buildings were constructed around a large grassy plaza in front of the church and can be seen today in their original form. The Ohlone, the original residents of the valley, were brought to live at the mission and baptized, followed by Yokuts from the Central Valley. Mission San Juan Bautista has served mass daily since 1797, and today functions as a parish church of the Diocese of Monterey.
Journey of Reconciliation
The Journey of Reconciliation, also called "First Freedom Ride", was a form of nonviolent direct action to challenge state segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States.
Bayard Rustin and 18 other men and women were the early organizers of the two-week journey that began on April 9, 1947. The participants started their journey in Washington, D.C., traveled as far south as North Carolina, before returning to Washington, D.C.

The journey was seen as inspiring the later Freedom Rides of the Civil Rights Movement from May 1961 onward. James Peck, one of the white participants, also took part in the Freedom Ride of May 1961.

James Peck (pacifist)
James Peck (December 19, 1914 – July 12, 1993) was an American activist who practiced nonviolent resistance during World War II and in the Civil Rights Movement. He is the only person who participated in both the Journey of Reconciliation in 1947 and the first Freedom Ride of 1961, and has been called a white civil rights hero.  Peck advocated nonviolent civil disobedience throughout his life, and was arrested more than 60 times between the 1930s and 1980s.