hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Breusch–Godfrey test
In statistics, the Breusch–Godfrey test is used to assess the validity of some of the modelling assumptions inherent in applying regression-like models to observed data series.  In particular, it tests for the presence of serial correlation that has not been included in a proposed model structure and which, if present, would mean that incorrect conclusions would be drawn from other tests or that sub-optimal estimates of model parameters would be obtained.

The regression models to which the test can be applied include cases where lagged values of the dependent variables are used as independent variables in the model's representation for later observations. This type of structure is common in econometric models.

The test is named after Trevor S. Breusch and Leslie G. Godfrey.

Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation, sometimes known as serial correlation in the discrete time case, measures the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself. Essentially, it quantifies the similarity between observations of a random variable at different points in its domain (which for this article is time). The analysis of autocorrelation is a mathematical tool for identifying repeating patterns or hidden periodicities within a signal obscured by noise. Autocorrelation is widely used in signal processing, time domain and time series analysis to understand the behavior of data over time.

Different fields of study define autocorrelation differently, and not all of these definitions are equivalent. In some fields, the term is used interchangeably with autocovariance.

Various time series models incorporate autocorrelation, such as unit root processes, trend-stationary processes, autoregressive processes, and moving average processes.
Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir
Robert John Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir, PC, FRSE (born 7 September 1956) is a Scottish judge who has been President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom since January 2020. He was the principal judge in the Commercial Court in Scotland before being promoted to the Inner House of the Court of Session in 2008. He is an authority on human rights law in Scotland and elsewhere; he served as one of the UK's ad hoc judges at the European Court of Human Rights. He was also a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong.

President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The president of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest-ranking judge in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. It is equivalent to the now-defunct position of Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, also known as the Senior Law Lord, who was the highest ranking among the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (the judges who exercised the judicial functions of the House of Lords). The current President is Robert Reed, since 13 January 2020.
INGKA Centres
INGKA Centres Holding B.V. (formerly known as IKEA Centres and IKANO Retail Centres) is a Dutch commercial real estate developer and operator owned by INGKA Holding.

INGKA Centres is one of the biggest shopping centre companies, owning, managing and operating 37 'meeting places' across Asia, Europe and the Americas.

INGKA Holding
INGKA Holding B.V. is the holding company controlled by the Swedish Kamprad family. Based in Leiden, Netherlands, it is the largest IKEA franchisee holding company and controls 367 stores of the 422 of IKEA in 2018. The company is fully owned by the Stichting INGKA Foundation. INGKA is named after Ingvar Kamprad, its Swedish founder.
Briarwood station
The Briarwood station (formerly the Briarwood–Van Wyck Boulevard station or Van Wyck Boulevard station) is a local station on the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 84th Drive, Main Street, Queens Boulevard, and the Van Wyck Expressway, in Briarwood, Queens, bordering Kew Gardens, it is served by the F train at all times, the E train at all times except weekday rush hours and middays, and the <F> train during rush hours in the reverse peak direction. There is also a New York City Police Department (NYPD) transit precinct at this station.

This station opened on April 24, 1937, as part of an extension of the Independent Subway System's Queens Boulevard Line. It has been renovated multiple times to accommodate the construction of and modifications to the Van Wyck Expressway.

Sutphin Boulevard station (IND Queens Boulevard Line)
The Sutphin Boulevard station is a local station on the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway. Located at Sutphin Boulevard and Hillside Avenue on the border of Jamaica and Briarwood in Queens, it is served by the F train at all times, the <F> train during rush hours in the reverse peak direction, and a few rush-hour E trains to Jamaica–179th Street during p.m. rush hours.

This station opened on April 24, 1937 as part of an extension of the Independent Subway System's Queens Boulevard Line. In 1953, the platforms at the station were extended to accommodate 11-car trains. Ridership at this station decreased sharply after the opening of the Archer Avenue lines in 1988. This had been the closest subway station to the Long Island Rail Road's Jamaica station after the removal of a portion of the Jamaica Elevated in 1977.
Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644
The Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644 (Chinese: 明代名人傳), often abbreviated as DMB or referred to as "Goodrich and Fang", was compiled under the auspices of the Ming Biographical History Project of the Association for Asian Studies, and edited by Luther Carrington Goodrich and Fang Chao-ying. It was published by Columbia University Press in 1976.

Fang Chao-ying
Fang Chao-ying (Chinese: 房兆楹; pinyin: Fáng zhàoyíng; 1908–1985) was a Chinese-born American Sinologist, bibliographer, and historian of China best known for the contributions he and his wife, Tu Lien-che, made to the biographical dictionaries Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1943) and Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644 (1976).  He 
spent his professional career primarily at libraries and universities in the United States.

Columbia University in 1985 conferred degrees of Doctor of Humane Letters upon Mr. and Mrs. Fang. He became an American citizen in 1958.
Frank Carroll (figure skater)
Francis Michael Carroll (July 11, 1938 – June 9, 2024) was an American figure-skating coach and competitive skater. He had coached three skaters to win the World Figure Skating Championships: Linda Fratianne, Michelle Kwan and Evan Lysacek. Lysacek won the men's Olympic gold medal in 2010 at Vancouver.

Carroll had been inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame and the Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame, and was named the 1997 Olympic Coach of the Year.

USOPC Coach of the Year
The USOPC Coach of the Year awards are given annually by the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee to the top coaches in Olympic and Paralympic sports. One award is given in each of five categories:

National Coach

Developmental Coach

Paralympic Coach

Volunteer Coach

Doc Councilman Science Award

Nominees for the awards are selected by the national governing bodies for Olympic, Paralympic, and Pan American Games sports and their affiliated sports organizations. Members of the media vote for the top five nominees in each category. Category winners are then selected by a special USOPC panel.
Mu Eka Tumara
Mu Eka Tumara (English: I am only for you) is a 2013 Indian Odia language romantic drama film. The film is written by Sidharth and directed by Susant Mani and stars Sabyasachi and Archita in their Seventh movie together. This film won the Best Odia film, Best Oriya Direction, Best Oriya Actor (Male) and Best Oriya Actor (Female) categories in the Filmfare Awards East 2013. The film was a remake of 2003 Kannada blockbuster film Chandra Chakori starring Sri Murali.

Archita Sahu
Archita Sahu (born 29 June 1990), known mononymously as Archita, is an Indian actress, model, and television personality. She is known for her work in Odia films, for which she has received four Odisha State Film Awards.
Adding Machine (musical)
Adding Machine is a musical with music by Joshua Schmidt, and book and lyrics by Schmidt and Jason Loewith. It is an adaptation of Elmer Rice's 1923 play of the same name.

The show opened in 2007 in Illinois before moving off-Broadway in 2008. The show was nominated for numerous Lucille Lortel and Drama Desk awards.

The Adding Machine
The Adding Machine is a 1923 play by Elmer Rice.

The 2007 Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama called it "a landmark of American Expressionism, reflecting the growing interest in this highly subjective and nonrealistic form of modern drama."
5th Guards Tank Brigade
The 5th Separate Guards Tatsinskaya Red Banner Order of Suvorov Tank Brigade (Russian: 5-я отдельная гвардейская танковая Тацинская Краснознамённая, ордена Суворова бригада) is a military formation of the Russian Ground Forces. It is subordinate to the 36th Combined Arms Army of the Eastern Military District and is garrisoned in Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia. Its military unit number is 46108. Formed in 2009, the 5th Tank Brigade is the successor formation to the 2nd Guards Tank Corps.

2nd Guards Tank Corps
The 2nd Guards Tatsinskaya Tank Corps was a tank corps of the Soviet Union's Red Army that saw service during World War II on the Eastern Front of Europe. The unit's most notable moment was in the raid on Tatsinskaya during Operation Little Saturn in World War II. After the war, it continued to serve with the Soviet occupation forces in Central Europe. It was originally the 24th Tank Corps. The formation had approximately the same size and combat power as a Wehrmacht Panzer Division, and less than a British Armoured Division had during World War II.

After the war the Corps became the 2nd Guards Tank Division in 1945.

During the 21st century, the division was reformed into the 5th Guards Tank Brigade, as part of the 36th Combined Arms Army.
Mok-dong
Mok-dong (Korean: 목동) is a ward of Yangcheon District, Seoul, South Korea. Commonly referred to as a "special education district", the upper-middle to upper-class neighborhood is best known for its abundance of private institutions, or Hagwons, as well as quality public schools. It is also home to the headquarters of two broadcasting corporations, SBS and CBS (Christian Broadcasting System). Also situated in Mok-dong are the Hyperion Towers, the tallest of which is 69 stories or 256 metres (840 ft) tall. The tallest tower, Tower A, is the fifth tallest skyscraper in Seoul and one of the tallest residential buildings globally. During the Joseon period, it was used as a ranch where horses were grazed by many trees and was transformed into a wooden area.

Mok-dong Hyperion Towers
Mokdong Hyperion (Korean: 목동 하이페리온) is a group of three residential buildings located in the Mok-dong, Yangcheon-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, completed in 2003. Tower A, the tallest in the group, has 69 floors and is 256 metres (840 ft) high, making it the fifth tallest building in Seoul and the  214th tallest building in the world. The towers are used for residential housing. Tower A is the 48th tallest residential building in the world. Below the building is a Hyundai Department store, part of a chain of high end department stores in South Korea. At the time of its completion, the building was the tallest in the country but was surpassed by Samsung Tower Palace 3 – Tower G in 2004.
First Mesopotamian campaign of Ardashir I
The First Mesopotamian campaign of Ardashir I represented the first episode in a new period of wars between the Romans and Sasanids. The war between the Roman Empire, ruled by the Roman emperor Severus Alexander (222-235), and the Sasanian Empire, led by Ardashir I (224-241), lasted from 229 to 233.

Sasanian campaign of Severus Alexander
The Sassanid campaign of Alexander Severus was an episode of the Roman–Sasanian Wars (224-363) that saw the Roman Empire ruled by Emperor Alexander Severus (222-235) confront the dominance of the Sasanids, led by Ardashir I (224-241): the war was fought between 230 and 232, originating from an attempted Sasanian expansion into the eastern Roman provinces, and resolved with a return to the status quo ante.
Tsing Long Highway
Tsing Long Highway (Chinese: 青朗公路; Cantonese Yale: Tsīng Lóhng Gūnglouh; Jyutping: cing1 long5 gung1 lou6; pinyin: Qīng Lǎng Gōnglù) is a motorway of Route 3 from North West Tsing Yi Interchange on Tsing Yi Island to Yuen Long, in Hong Kong. Ting Kau Bridge and Tai Lam Tunnel are part of the motorway. It connects with Cheung Tsing Highway and Lantau Link at its southern end, and San Tin Highway and Yuen Long Highway at its northern end. Its speed limit at parts south of Tai Lam Tunnel and in that tunnel is 80 km/h (50 mph) and parts north of Tai Lam Tunnel is 100 km/h (62 mph).

There are no intermediate exits on the southbound carriageway of Tsing Long Highway on the north of Tai Lam Tunnel, so this entire section is a toll road. Likewise there are no entrances on the northbound carriageway on this section.

The motorway is designated an expressway except for the Tai Lam Tunnel stretch.

Route 3 (Hong Kong)
Route 3 (Chinese: 三號幹綫) is a series of expressways in Hong Kong that runs from Sai Ying Pun on Hong Kong Island to Yuen Long in the New Territories, linking West Kowloon, Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi. It was built as part of the Airport Core Programme to provide access to Hong Kong International Airport from the city, and to relieve congestion in the New Territories. The Western Harbour Crossing and Tai Lam Tunnel that form part of the route are tollways.
Jamaica national football team
The Jamaica national football team represents Jamaica in men's international football, which is governed by the Jamaica Football Federation founded in 1910. It has been an affiliate member of FIFA since 1962 and an affiliate member of CONCACAF since 1963. Regionally, it is an affiliate member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Jamaica has qualified for the FIFA World Cup once (1998), achieving its first victory after defeating Japan 2–1.

Jamaica has participated sixteen times in CONCACAF's premier continental competition, finishing as runners-up twice in the CONCACAF Gold Cup (2015 and 2017). It has participated three times in League A and once in League B of the CONCACAF Nations League, finishing in third place in the 2024 Finals. It has also participated three times in the Copa América (2015, 2016 and 2024).

Regionally, the team won 6 Caribbean Cup titles (organized by CFU).

2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 13th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup competition and the 23rd CONCACAF regional championship overall in the organization's fifty-four years of existence. It was held in the United States, with two matches being played in Canada, marking the first time the CONCACAF Gold Cup was played in that country.

Mexico won the competition after surviving both the quarter-finals and semi-finals in controversial circumstances, defeating Jamaica—the first Caribbean nation to reach such a stage—in the final.
Of the co-hosts, Canada was eliminated in the group stage, while the United States, the defending champions, lost in the semi-finals to Jamaica. The competition included a third place match for the first time since 2003, in which Panama defeated the United States.
Southwestern Indiana
Southwestern Indiana is an 11-county region of southern Indiana, United States located at the southernmost and westernmost part of the state. As of the 2010 census, the region's combined population is 474,251. Evansville, Indiana's third-largest city, is the primary hub for the region, as well as the primary regional hub for a tri-state area that includes Kentucky and Illinois. Other regional hubs include Jasper, Vincennes, and Washington. Although part of a Midwestern state, certain parts of the region, largely along the Ohio River, may reflect some similarities with the neighboring Upland South (such as Kentucky or Tennessee), rather than the rest of the Midwest; the area is Midwest with occasional Southern influence, rather than Southern with a Midwest influence.

Jasper, Indiana
Jasper is a city in and the county seat of Dubois County, Indiana, United States, located along the Patoka River. The population was 16,703 at the 2020 census making it the 48th most populous city in Indiana. On November 4, 2007, Dubois County returned to the Eastern Time Zone, after having moved to the Central Time Zone the previous year. Land use in the area is primarily agricultural. The Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame, which honors players and others associated with the national pastime who were born or lived in Indiana, is located in Jasper.
Carl Wessler
Carroll O. Wessler (May 25, 1913 – April 9, 1989), better known as Carl Wessler, was an American animator of the 1930s and a comic book writer from the 1940s though the 1980s for such companies as DC Comics, EC Comics, Marvel Comics, and Warren Publishing.

Wessler was one of at least five staff writers (officially titled editors) under editor-in-chief Stan Lee at Marvel's 1950s forerunner, Atlas Comics.

Atlas Comics (1950s)
Atlas Comics was the 1950s comic-book publishing label that evolved into Marvel Comics. Magazine and paperback novel publisher Martin Goodman, whose business strategy involved having a multitude of corporate entities, used Atlas as the umbrella name for his comic-book division during this time. Atlas evolved out of Goodman's 1940s comic-book division, Timely Comics, and was located on the 14th floor of the Empire State Building. This company is distinct from the 1970s comic-book company, also founded by Goodman, that is known as Atlas/Seaboard Comics.
Superthriller
Superthriller are an English electronic music band from London formed in 2003. They have released five studio albums, including Superthriller 1, The Blank Album, Superthriller 2, Moods and NEWS.

The three constant members of the band are brothers Max and Ben Ringham and Andrew Rutland who all met while producing music for the Shunt Performance Collective.

Shunt (theatre company)
Shunt is a London-based performance collective founded in 1998. Most of the co-founders met as students at London's Central School of Speech and Drama while pursuing the Advanced Theatre Practice MA in 1997–1998, which specializes in collaborative practice.

In the summer of 1998, Shunt's final term show 'Twist' was taken to Hill Street Theatre for the Edinburgh Festival under the company name Stephanie's Fridge. The members of the company at that time were David Rosenberg, Lizzie Clachan, Louise Mari, Mischa Twitchin, Gisele Edwards, Su Jin Lee, Laura Cockcroft, Catherine Bowman Shaw, Kirsty Yuill, Hannah Ringham, Serena Bobowski, Gemma Brockis, and Heather Uprichard.

Shunt's work is centered on immersive site-specific performance, usually on a grand scale, and has been supported by Britain's Royal National Theatre NESTA (the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts) and Arts Council England.
Diocesan Native Female Training School
Diocesan Native Female Training School (DNFTS, Chinese: 曰字樓女館) was a school under the Anglican Church of Hong Kong in the 19th century, founded in 1860 and closed down in 1868.  Its premises now belong to today's Bonham Road Government Primary School(般咸道官立小學). In 1869, another institution called Diocesan Home and Orphanage (DHO, later renamed Diocesan School and Orphanage, and now known as Diocesan Boys' School) was founded in the same place.  Due to the obvious differences in founding groups, vision of education, personnel arrangement and students’ background, DNFTS has been regarded only as a forerunner, and called ‘the First Foundation’ by DHO and later DBS.  Using 1869 as its founding year, DBS calls itself ‘the Second Foundation’.  As for Diocesan Girls' School, founded in Rose Villas near DSO in 1899, it claims to be the successor of DNFTS and traces the founding year back to 1860.

Diocesan Boys' School
The Diocesan Boys' School (DBS) is a day and boarding Anglican boys' school in Hong Kong, located at 131 Argyle Street, Mong Kok, Kowloon. Having run as a grant-aided school since it was founded, the school commenced operation in the Direct Subsidy Scheme in September 2003. It uses English as the medium of instruction. As of 2024 the headmaster was Ronnie Cheng Kay-Yen.
Rites of Eleusis
The Rites of Eleusis were a series of seven public invocations or rites written by British occultist Aleister Crowley, each centered on one of the seven classical planets of antiquity. They were dramatically performed by Aleister Crowley, Leila Waddell (Laylah), and Victor Benjamin Neuburg in October and November 1910, at Caxton Hall, London. This act brought Crowley's occult organization the A∴A∴ into the public eye.

Victor Neuburg (poet)
Victor Benjamin Neuburg (6 May 1883 – 31 May 1940) was an English poet and writer. An intimate associate of Aleister Crowley, he wrote on the subject of occultism, including Theosophy and Thelema. He edited "The Poet's Corner" column in the Sunday Referee, and also published the early works of Dylan Thomas and Pamela Hansford Johnson.
Alfred Bonnabel High School
Alfred T. Bonnabel Magnet Academy  High School is a comprehensive public high school in Kenner, Louisiana, United States, and is part of Jefferson Parish Public Schools, the largest public school system in Louisiana. Bonnabel is the only comprehensive school district-operated high school in Kenner, and its attendance boundary includes: most of Kenner and parts of Metairie.

Metairie, Louisiana
Metairie (/ˈmɛtəri/ MET-ər-ee) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States, and is part of the New Orleans metropolitan area. With a population of 143,507 in 2020, Metairie is the largest community in Jefferson Parish, the fifth-largest CDP in the United States, and the largest outside Clark County, Nevada. It is an unincorporated area that (as of 2020) would have been Louisiana's fourth-largest city behind Shreveport if incorporated.
James Hogan (businessman)
James Reginald Hogan, AO, FRAeS is an Australian airline executive who is the founder and chairman of aviation advisory and investment firm Knighthood Global.

He was the previous President and CEO of Etihad Airways from 2006 to 2017. He was also the previous CEO of Gulf Air from 2002 to 2006.

Etihad Airways
Etihad Airways is one of the two flag carriers of the United Arab Emirates (the other being Emirates). Its head office is in Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, near Zayed International Airport. The airline commenced operations in November 2003 and is the second-largest airline in the UAE after Emirates.

The airline operates more than 1,000 flights per week, to over 120 passenger and cargo destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America, with a fleet of 107 Airbus and Boeing aircraft as of July 2025. Its main base is at Zayed International Airport. In addition to its main activity of passenger transportation, Etihad also operates Etihad Holidays and Etihad Cargo.