hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cardwell v. American Bridge Co.
Cardwell v. American Bridge Co., 113 U.S. 205 (1885), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, absent congressional legislation, a state has plenary power to obstruct the flow of a navigable river within its territory. The case was about a bridge erected by American Bridge Company over the American River in northern California, downriver from Cardwell's property on that navigable section of the river. Cardwell wanted the bridge removed. The Supreme Court's decision left the bridge in place.

American River
The American River is a 30-mile-long (50 km) river in California that runs from the Sierra Nevada mountain range to its confluence with the Sacramento River in downtown Sacramento. Via the Sacramento River, it is part of the San Francisco Bay watershed. This river is fed by the melting snowpack of the Sierra Nevada and its many headwaters and tributaries, including its North, Middle, and South Forks.

The American River is known for the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma in 1848 that started the California Gold Rush and contributed to the initial large-scale settlement of California by white American migrants. Today, the river still has high quality water, and it is the main source of drinking water for Sacramento. This river is dammed extensively for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power. The American River watershed supports Mediterranean, temperate, and montane ecosystems, and it is the home of a diverse array of fish and wildlife.
Strat-O-Matic
Strat-O-Matic is a game company based in Glen Head, New York, that develops and publishes sports simulation games. It produces tabletop baseball, American football, basketball, and ice hockey simulations, as well as personal computer adaptations of each, but it is primarily known for its baseball game.

Strat-O-Matic Football
Strat-O-Matic Pro Football is a tabletop board game that was first produced by the Strat-O-Matic game company in 1968. The game is a statistically based sports game that simulates the play of American football. Each player's statistics are gathered, analyzed, and then converted into numerical results which reflect each player's production for a given year. These numerical results are placed on a set of cards, with each team having its own set. In addition, a team's defensive ratings for a season are converted into card data that determines how many yards may be gained against that defense.
Threefold office
The threefold office (Latin: munus triplex) of Jesus Christ is a Christian doctrine based upon the teachings of the Old Testament of which Christians hold different views. It was described by Eusebius and more fully developed by John Calvin.

The doctrine states that Jesus Christ performed three functions (or "offices") in his earthly ministry: those of prophet, priest, and king.

In the Old Testament, the appointment of someone to any of these three positions could be sanctioned by anointing him by pouring oil over his head. Thus the term messiah, meaning "anointed one", is associated with the concept of the threefold office. While the office of king is that most closely associated with the Messiah, the role of Jesus as priest, which involves intercession before God, is also prominent in the New Testament, being most fully explained in chapters 7 to 10 of the Book of Hebrews.

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
17th Colonial Infantry Division (France)
17th Colonial Infantry Division was an infantry division of the French Army during the First World War. It was deployed overseas, seeing action during the Gallipoli campaign, and thereafter on the Salonika front, fighting alongside British troops in both theatres of war. It was sent to the Crimea in December 1918 as part of the Army of the Danube.

Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient
The Corps Expéditionnaire d'Orient (Oriental Expeditionary Force) (CEO) was a French expeditionary force raised for service during the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I. The corps initially consisted of a single infantry division, but later grew to two divisions. It took part in fighting around Kum Kale, on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles, at the start of the campaign before being moved to Cape Helles where it fought alongside British formations for the remainder of the campaign. In October 1915, the corps was reduced to one division again and was finally evacuated from the Gallipoli peninsula in January 1916 when it ceased to exist.
Association for Serbian language and literature in Croatia
The Association for Serbian language and literature in Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Друштво за српски језик и књижевност у Хрватској, Društvo za srpski jezik i književnost u Hrvatskoj) is a non-profit professional organization that brings together scientists and technical workers engaged in studying and teaching of Serbian language and literature in Croatia. The association operates throughout Croatia and its headquarters are located in Vukovar. The association was established in 1998, after the completion of the UNTAES mission in the region, with ambition to work on protection of the Serbian language and the literature of Serbs in Croatia, engage in the study of the history and culture of the Serb people in Croatia, and present its cultural heritage.

Vukovar
Vukovar (pronounced [ʋûkoʋaːr], Hungarian: Vukovár, German: Wukowar) is a city in Croatia, in the eastern regions of Syrmia and Slavonia. It contains Croatia's largest river port, located at the confluence of the Vuka and the Danube. Vukovar is the seat of Vukovar-Syrmia County and the second-largest city in the county after Vinkovci. The city's registered population was 22,616 in the 2021 census, with a total of 23,536 in the municipality.
William Parks (publisher)
William Parks (May 23, 1699 – April 1, 1750) was an 18th-century printer and journalist in England and Colonial America. He was the first printer in Maryland authorized as the official printer for the colonial government. He published the first newspaper in the Southern American colonies, the Maryland Gazette. He later became authorized as the official printer for the colonial government of Virginia. Parks was also the publisher and printer of the first official collection of the authentic 1733 set of Virginia's laws, and the first colonial publisher and proprietor of The Virginia Gazette newspaper. During his lifetime Parks established four new newspapers in the colonies. He also worked with Benjamin Franklin on several projects related to printing, most notably, the establishment of a paper mill in Virginia, the first such mill south of Pennsylvania.

Maryland Gazette
The Gazette, founded in 1727 as The Maryland Gazette, is one of the oldest newspapers in America. Its modern-day descendant,  The Capital, was acquired by The Baltimore Sun Media Group in 2014.  Previously, it was owned by the Capital Gazette Communications group, which published The Capital, Bowie Blade-News, Crofton-West County Gazette, and Capital Style Magazine.

The Gazette and their sister publications have been composed and printed in numerous locations, all in the Annapolis area, for more than 270 years. The company has moved headquarters seven times, including from 3 Church Circle to 213 West St. in 1948, to 2000 Capital Drive in 1987 and to Bestgate Road in September 2014.

As of 2021, the newspaper posts to its website daily and publishes print editions on Wednesdays and Sundays.
Muhammad Mirza
Muhammad Mirza (Persian: محمد میرزا) was a Timurid prince and grandson of the Central Asian conqueror Timur by his third son Miran Shah. Little is known about his life, though through his son Sultan Abu Sa'id Mirza, he was the great-grandfather of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire of India.

Abu Sa'id Mirza
Abu Sa'id Mirza (Chagatay/Persian: ابو سعید میرزا; 1424 – 8 February 1469) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire during the mid-fifteenth century.

Born a minor prince of the Timurid dynasty, Abu Sa'id quickly established himself as the most prominent among his warring relations. Over the course of two decades, he reunified much of the Timurid Empire, which had become fractured in the aftermath of the death of his great-uncle Shah Rukh. However, Abu Sa'id's hopes of restoring the empire to its former extent at the time of Timur ultimately failed after he was killed during an invasion of what is now western Iran.

He was the paternal grandfather of Babur, who later founded the Mughal Empire of India.
No. 297 Squadron RAF
No 297 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force.  It was notable for being the first airborne forces squadron formed. With sister No. 296 Squadron it formed No. 38 Wing in January 1942, joined in August by No. 295 Squadron; the wing expanded in 1943 to become No. 38 Group. The squadron saw action in Sicily and took part in the D-Day invasion and Operation Market Garden. It was disbanded in 1950.

No. 38 Group RAF
No. 38 Group RAF was a group of the Royal Air Force which disbanded on 31 December 2020. It was formed on 6 November 1943 from the former 38 Wing with nine squadrons as part of Allied Expeditionary Air Force (AEAF). It was disbanded on 31 January 1951, but re-formed on 1 January 1960, became part of RAF Air Support Command in 1967 and then, in 1972, the air support group within RAF Strike Command. It was temporarily disbanded from 18 Nov 1983 to 31 Oct 1992 and from 1 April 2000 to 1 July 2014. It subsequently became part of RAF Air Command, bringing together the Royal Air Force’s Engineering, Logistics, Communications and Medical Operations units. Air Officer Commanding No. 38 Group was also responsible for UK-based United States Visiting Forces (USVF) units and for RAF personnel attached to other global armed forces.
Statue of Anne Hutchinson
A statue of Anne Hutchinson by Cyrus Edwin Dallin (sometimes called Anne Marbury Hutchinson or Anne Marbury Hutchinson) is installed outside the Massachusetts State House, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Cyrus Edwin Dallin
Cyrus Edwin Dallin (November 22, 1861 – November 14, 1944) was an American sculptor best known for his depictions of Native Americans. He created more than 260 works, including the Equestrian Statue of Paul Revere in Boston; the Angel Moroni atop Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City; and Appeal to the Great Spirit (1908), at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. He was also an accomplished painter and an Olympic archer.
Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.

Commodore (Royal Navy)
Commodore (Cdre) is a rank of the Royal Navy above captain and below rear admiral. It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6.  The rank is equivalent to brigadier in the British Army and the Royal Marines and to air commodore in the Royal Air Force. Commodore has been a substantive rank in the Royal Navy since only 1997. Until then the term denoted a functional position rather than a formal rank, being the title bestowed on the senior officer of a fleet of at least two naval vessels comprising an independent (usually ad hoc and short-term) command. (In this case, for instance, a lieutenant in substantive rank could be a commodore for the term of the command.)
Kansas City massacre
The Kansas City massacre was the shootout and murder of four law enforcement officers and a criminal fugitive at the Union Station railroad depot in Kansas City, Missouri, on the morning of June 17, 1933. It occurred as part of the attempt by a gang led by Vernon C. "Verne" Miller to free Frank "Jelly" Nash, a federal prisoner. At the time, Nash was in the custody of several law enforcement officers who were returning him to the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, from which he had escaped three years earlier.

Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd was identified by the FBI as one of the gunmen. However, some evidence suggests that Floyd was not involved.

Frank Nash
Frank Nash (February 6, 1887 – June 17, 1933) was an American bank robber, and has been called "the most successful bank robber in U.S. history." He is most noted for his violent death in the Kansas City Massacre. Nash spent part of his childhood in Paragould, Arkansas (Greene County) and was arrested in Hot Springs, Arkansas (Garland County) the day before his death.
Texas State Highway Spur 303
Spur 303 is a state highway between Interstate 820 in Fort Worth, and Duncanville Road in Dallas. At 17.4 miles (28.0 km) in length, it is Texas' longest highway spur.

The portion in Dallas between Loop 12 and Mountain Creek Parkway (near Dallas Baptist University) is officially designated Kiest Boulevard, and it also passes over the Mountain Creek Lake Bridge (however, the stretch between Mountain Creek Parkway and SE 14th Street, which is the location of the bridge, is not part of the Spur). The portion in Arlington and Grand Prairie is designated Pioneer Parkway. The portion in Fort Worth is designated Rosedale Street and ends at Interstate 820.

Mountain Creek Lake Bridge
The Mountain Creek Lake Bridge is a bridge in Dallas County, Texas.  The bridge is part of the North Texas Tollway Authority (NTTA) system.  It is tolled in both directions (toll is collected on the west end of the bridge), and the lanes of the Mountain Creek Lake Bridge toll plaza are equipped for electronic toll collection via TollTag.

The bridge connects Spur 303 between Grand Prairie and Dallas across Mountain Creek Lake.
Char Dara District
Chārdara District (ولسوالی چاردره; also known as Chahar Dara, Chahar Darreh or Char Darreh) is one of the seven districts in Kunduz Province in northern Afghanistan. It is situated in the south-west part of Kunduz Province and has borders with Qalay-I-Zal District to the north-west, Kunduz District to the north-east, Ali Abad District to the south-east, Baghlan Province to the south and Samangan Province to the south-west.

Kunduz District
Kunduz District (Pashto:  د کندز ولسوالۍ; Dari: ولسوالی قندوز) is situated in the center of Kunduz Province in Northern Afghanistan, around the provincial capital - the city of Kunduz. It borders Chahar dara District to the west, Qalay-I-Zal and Imam Sahib districts to the north, Archi and Khan Abad districts to the east and Ali abad District to the south. The population is 254,100 (2006). The roads are good and all the villages are accessible. There is an airport 8 km South-East from the city.The agriculture is a major source of income and the land is in very good condition and most of it irrigated. There are other business activities also and the rate of unemployed people is lower than the other districts in the province.
Åsa Haraldsdottir of Agder
Åsa Haraldsdottir of Agder (died c. 834?) was a semi-legendary Norwegian Viking Age queen regnant of the petty kingdom of Agder. According to sagas referencing the clan Yngling (Ynglingaätten), she was the mother of Halfdan the Black (Halvdan Svarte), Sigurd Ring (Sigurd Hringrr) and also grandmother of King Harald Fairhair (Harald Hårfagre) and the legendary King Ragnar Lothbrok (Ragnarr Loðbrók).

Halfdan the Black
Halfdan the Black (Old Norse: Halfdanr Svarti; fl. c. 9th century) was a king of Vestfold. He belonged to the House of Yngling and was the father of Harald Fairhair, the first king of a unified Norway.
B. H. Roberts
Brigham Henry Roberts (March 13, 1857 – September 27, 1933) was a historian, politician, and leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He edited the seven-volume History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and independently wrote the six-volume Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Roberts also wrote Studies of the Book of Mormon—published posthumously—which discussed the validity of the Book of Mormon as an ancient record.  Roberts was denied a seat as a member of United States Congress because of his practice of polygamy.

Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
A Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I is a six-volume history published in 1930 and written by B.H. Roberts, a general authority and Assistant Church Historian of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  It should not be confused with the seven-volume History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (nicknamed Documentary History of the Church), which was also produced by Roberts in the early 20th-century but as an editor and which focused on the history of Joseph Smith.
István Gaál
István Gaál (25 August 1933 – 25 September 2007) was a Hungarian film director, editor and screenwriter. He directed more than 20 films between 1956 and 1996. With Falcons he won the Jury Prize at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival.

The Falcons (film)
The Falcons (Hungarian: Magasiskola) is a 1970 Hungarian film directed by István Gaál about the training of falcons for use on farms to protect crops from birds. It is based on the 1967 novel by Mészöly Miklós. It won the Jury Prize at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival, tying with The Strawberry Statement.
Jane McDonald
Jane Ann McDonald (born 4 April 1963) is an English singer, songwriter, and television presenter. She first became known following her appearance on the BBC One show The Cruise in 1998. Later that year, her eponymous debut studio album topped the UK Albums Chart for three weeks.

McDonald has had four UK top 10 albums and has performed at venues such as the Royal Albert Hall, London Palladium, and MGM Grand Las Vegas. She has also hosted or co-hosted daytime television shows including Loose Women and Star Treatment. Her travel show Cruising with Jane McDonald won a British Academy Television Award. She has also presented the travel shows Jane & Friends, Holidaying with Jane McDonald, Jane McDonald: My Yorkshire, Jane McDonald: Lost in Japan and Jane McDonald: From Pole to Pole.

Jane McDonald (album)
Jane McDonald is the debut studio album by the English singer Jane McDonald, released in 1998 by Focus Music International. It is a covers album of popular songs. The album peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart. It also reached number 44 in New Zealand in April 1999.
Sharmell
Sharmell Sullivan-Huffman (born November 2, 1970) is an American beauty queen, dancer, professional wrestler and professional wrestling valet. She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring name Queen Sharmell alongside her husband Booker T. In 2022 Sullivan was inducted in to the WWE Hall of Fame. She was also the winner of the Miss Black America pageant in 1991.

WWE Hall of Fame (2022)
The 2022 WWE Hall of Fame was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE that featured the induction of the 23rd class into the WWE Hall of Fame. The ceremony took place on April 1, 2022, at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas, the night preceding WrestleMania 38. It aired live at 10pm Eastern Time on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network internationally, immediately after the airing of WWE's regular Friday night program, SmackDown. The event was headlined by the induction of The Undertaker into the WWE Hall of Fame.
Henry O'Malley
Henry O'Malley (March 22, 1876 —April 24, 1936) was an American fish culturist who led the United States Bureau of Fisheries (BOF) as the seventh United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1922 to 1933. The BOF experienced significant growth in many areas during his tenure, and he was noted for his leadership in protection of the American fishing industry and of fish spawning grounds, especially the rehabilitation of depleted fishery resources in the Columbia River and the Territory of Alaska.

United States Fish Commission
The United States Fish Commission, formally known as the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, was an agency of the United States government created in 1871 to investigate, promote, and preserve the fisheries of the United States. In 1903, it was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries, sometimes referred to as the United States Fisheries Service, which operated until 1940. In 1940, the Bureau of Fisheries was abolished when its personnel and facilities became part of the newly created Fish and Wildlife Service, under the United States Department of the Interior.
La7
La7 is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned by Cairo Communication and has another channel named  La7 Cinema, which had acquired it from Telecom Italia Media, itself owned by Telecom Italia, in 2013.

La7 features a generalist programming schedule, primarily focused on news, current affairs, and entertainment. The channel is known for its in-depth political analysis, talk shows, and investigative journalism, often serving as an alternative to Italy's major public and commercial broadcasters.

The official voice-over announcer of La7 is the renowned dubbing artist Francesco Prando, and advertising sales are managed by Cairo Pubblicità.

The channel is available across Italy via digital terrestrial television, as well as on satellite platforms such as Sky Italia and Tivùsat. It is also accessible in Switzerland through cable providers.

TIM Group
TIM S.p.A. (formerly Telecom Italia S.p.A.) is an Italian telecommunications company with headquarters in Rome, Milan, and Naples (with the Telecom Italia Tower), which provides fixed, public and mobile telephony, and DSL data services.

It is the largest Italian telecommunications services provider in revenues and subscribers. It was founded in 1994 by the merger of several state-owned telecommunications companies, the most prominent of which was SIP, the former state monopoly telephone operator in Italy.

The company's stock is traded in the Borsa Italiana. The Italian State has exercised the "Golden Power" on TIM since 2017, which allows the government to take a number of actions when the strategic interests of the country are concerned.

It has also a subsidiary in Brazil, known as TIM Brasil, with 72.6 million customers. The brand covers over 114 million customers worldwide.

As April 2024, Net sales are distributed geographically as follows: Italy (72.9%) and Brazil (27.1%).