hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
California State Route 29
State Route 29 (SR 29) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that travels from Interstate 80 in Vallejo north to State Route 20 in Upper Lake. It serves as the primary road through the Napa Valley, providing access to the Lake County region to the north and the rest of the San Francisco Bay Area to the south.

California State Route 20
State Route 20 (SR 20) is a state highway in the northern-central region of the U.S. state of California, running east–west north of Sacramento from the North Coast to the Sierra Nevada. Its west end is at SR 1 in Fort Bragg, from where it heads east past Clear Lake, Colusa, Yuba City, Marysville and Nevada City to I-80 near Emigrant Gap, where eastbound traffic can continue on other routes to Lake Tahoe or Nevada.

Portions of SR 20 are built near the routing of what was first a wagon road and later a turnpike in the late 19th century. This road was extended through the state highway system all the way to Ukiah in the early 20th century, and the missing link near Clear Lake was completed in 1932 before the official designation of this highway as SR 20 in 1934. There have been subsequent improvements to the road, such as the conversion of the Grass Valley portion of the route to freeway standards.
Barikanchi pidgin
Barikanchi pidgin, Barikanci, or Bastard Hausa is a pidgin of the Hausa language spoken in Nigeria. Barikanci is used by the Nigerian Armed Forces to ensure clear communication between the linguistically diverse members of the military.

In the Nigerian military, the majority of members are from the northern part of the country. This led to the Hausa language being the lingua franca, paving the way for pidgin Hausa, also known as hausan bariki. The language developed in the British Army barracks of northern Nigeria in the first part of the 20th century, and was used as a lingua franca among Nigerians of diverse linguistic backgrounds.

Being a military language, Barikanci is principally spoken in military barracks—"Barikanci" is derived from the word bariki, which means barracks.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
MBC Drama Awards
The MBC Drama Awards (Korean: MBC 연기대상; RR: MBC yeongidaesang) is an awards ceremony presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) for outstanding achievements in Korean dramas aired on its network. It is held annually in December.

Unlike its counterparts in KBS and SBS, MBC's highest honor of the ceremony, the "Grand Prize" (대상; Daesang), has been determined through viewer's votes in 2014, 2015 and 2016, not by professional judges. The process has been widely criticized.

SBS Drama Awards
The SBS Drama Awards (Korean: SBS 연기대상; RR: SBS Yeongidaesang), also known as SBS Awards Festival, is an awards ceremony presented annually by Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) for outstanding achievements in Korean dramas aired on its network. It is held annually on December 31. The highest honor of the ceremony is the "Grand Prize" (대상; Daesang), awarded to the best actor or actress of the year.
Asklipieio
Asklipieio (Greek: Ασκληπιείο) is a former municipality in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Epidaurus, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 179.838 km2. Population 3,612 (2011). The seat of the municipality was in Lygourio.

The sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus is situated on the territory of the municipal unit, hence its name.

Epidaurus
Epidaurus (Greek: Ἐπίδαυρος) was a small city (polis) in ancient Greece, on the Argolid Peninsula at the Saronic Gulf. Two modern towns bear the name Epidavros: Palaia Epidavros and Nea Epidavros. Since 2010 they belong to the new municipality of Epidaurus, part of the regional unit of Argolis. The seat of the municipality is the town Lygourio. The nearby sanctuary of Asclepius and ancient theatre were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1988 because of their exemplary architecture and importance in the development and spread of healing sanctuaries and cults across the ancient Greek and Roman worlds.
Sleigh Ride (Fear the Walking Dead)
"Sleigh Ride" is the sixteenth and final episode of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on October 15, 2017 along with the previous episode; "Things Bad Begun".

Things Bad Begun
"Things Bad Begun" is the fifteenth and penultimate episode of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on October 15, 2017 along with the season finale; "Sleigh Ride". This episode features the apparent death of Troy Otto (Daniel Sharman) as he's killed by Madison Clark (Kim Dickens).
Julius Gulama
Julius Momoh Gulama (born Julius Foday Cole, 1893 – 8 March 1951) was a Sierra Leonean King, statesman and educator in the pre-independence era. As King of Kaiyamba Chiefdom, he ruled the largest and most powerful Mende chiefdom in the Sierra Leone.

Gulama was a founding member of two key organizations that worked towards independence for Sierra Leone: the Protectorate Educational Progressive Union (PEPU) and the Sierra Leone Organizational Society (SOS). When Sierra Leone became independent, both organizations merged to form the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP).

He was the father of Ella Koblo Gulama and Komeh Gulama Lansana.

Komeh Gulama Lansana
Komeh Gulama Lansana was the wife of Brigadier David Lansana, Force Commander of the Sierra Leone Army until his execution in 1975.

Lansana is the daughter of Paramount Chief Julius Gulama, one of the Founding Fathers of postcolonial Sierra Leone, and Chief Consort Lucy Gulama. Her sister Paramount Chief Madam Ella Koblo Gulama was one of Sierra Leone's foremost stateswomen.
Otago Daily Times
The Otago Daily Times (ODT) is a newspaper published by Allied Media Ltd in Dunedin, New Zealand. The ODT is one of the country's four main daily newspapers, serving the southern South Island with a circulation of around 26,000 and a combined print and digital annual audience of 304,000. Founded in 1861 it is New Zealand's oldest surviving daily newspaper – Christchurch's The Press, six months older, was a weekly paper until March 1863.

Its motto is "Optima Durant" or "Quality Endures".

Allied Media
Allied Media (formerly Allied Press) is an independent New Zealand media and publishing company based in Dunedin. The company's main asset is the Otago Daily Times, New Zealand's oldest daily newspaper. Allied Press has a number of other daily and community newspapers and  commercial printing operations throughout the South Island including the Canterbury–based media company Star Media. It also formerly operated Dunedin's regional television station, Channel 39. In July 2025, it began trading as Allied Media, combining both Allied Press and Star Media under one brand.
Bell 360 Invictus
The Bell 360 Invictus was a proposed helicopter design intended to meet the United States Army requirement for a Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA). It is based on technology from the Bell 525 Relentless.

Bell 525 Relentless
The Bell 525 Relentless is an American super-medium-lift helicopter, under development by Bell Textron. The new model was unveiled at the 2012 Heli-Expo in Dallas, Texas in February 2012. It first flew on 1 July 2015.

The Bell 525 is designed to transport up to 19 passengers. The aircraft is the first fly-by-wire civilian aircraft and suffered a crash of its prototype, and is still slowly working towards certification. As of 2024, Bell is working towards completing flight certification, and it has secured its first order.

It is a twin turbine engine helicopter with a composite and metal airframe that is in the latter stages of its development.
Aristaeus (giant)
In Greek mythology Aristaeus (/ærɪˈstiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀρισταῖος, romanized: Aristaîos, lit. 'most excellent') is one of the Giants, the earth-born children of Gaia. The Sicilian Aristaeus took part in the battle against the Olympian gods, and he had the distinction of being the sole survivor of that battle.

Giants (Greek mythology)
In Greek and Roman mythology, the Giants, also called Gigantes (Greek: Γίγαντες, Gígantes, singular: Γίγας, Gígas), were a race of great strength and aggression, though not necessarily of great size, known for the Gigantomachy (also spelled Gigantomachia), their battle with the Olympian gods. According to Hesiod, the Giants were the offspring of Gaia (Earth), born from the blood that fell when Uranus (Sky) was castrated by his Titan son Cronus.

Archaic and Classical representations show Gigantes as man-sized hoplites (heavily armed ancient Greek foot soldiers) fully human in form. Later representations (after c. 380 BC) show Gigantes with snakes for legs. In later traditions, the Giants were often confused with other opponents of the Olympians, particularly the Titans, an earlier generation of large and powerful children of Gaia and Uranus.

The vanquished Giants were said to be buried under volcanoes and to be the cause of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
Perelandra
Perelandra (also titled Voyage to Venus in a later edition published by Pan Books) is the second book in the Space Trilogy of C. S. Lewis, set on the planet of Perelandra, or Venus. It was first published in 1943.

The Space Trilogy
The Space Trilogy (also known as The Cosmic Trilogy or The Ransom Trilogy) is a series of science fiction novels by British writer C. S. Lewis. The trilogy consists of Out of the Silent Planet (1938), Perelandra (1943), and That Hideous Strength (1945). A philologist named Elwin Ransom is the protagonist of the first two novels and an important character in the third.
Marie-Jeanne de Lalande
Marie-Jeanne Amélie Lefrançois de Lalande (née Harlay; 1768 – 8 November 1832) was a French astronomer. She was a key collaborator to the works of Jérôme Lalande.

Her reputation as a scientific woman was attested by an anecdote related to Carl Friedrich Gauss: In 1806, during a military campaign in Prussia, he declared he knew but one French woman that worked in Science, Madame Lefrançois de Lalande."

Jérôme Lalande
Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande (French: [lalɑ̃d]; 11 July 1732 – 4 April 1807) was a French astronomer, freemason and writer. He is known for having estimated a precise value of the astronomical unit (the distance from the Earth to the Sun) using measurements of the transit of Venus in 1769.
Sputnik (radio station)
Sputnik or MDR Sputnik is a youth-oriented German radio station, and is part of Leipzig-based public broadcaster Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR), based in Halle. The station, which primarily broadcasts pop and rock music, is the successor to the East German youth station DT64, founded in 1964 on the occasion of the Deutschlandtreffen der Jugend. It was given its present name on 1 May 1993, following German reunification in 1990; the new name, inspired by the Soviet Sputnik satellite, was the suggestion of the then Minister-President of Saxony, Kurt Biedenkopf.

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk
Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "Central German Broadcasting"), shortened to MDR (pronounced [ˌɛmdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ; stylized as mdr), is the public broadcaster for the federal states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt in Germany.  Established in January 1991, its headquarters are in Leipzig, with regional studios in Dresden, Erfurt and Magdeburg. MDR is a member of the ARD consortium of public broadcasters in Germany.

MDR broadcasts its own television channel to the three states it serves and also contributes programming to the first German TV channel (Das Erste), and broadcasts a number of radio channels.
Daniel Wende
Daniel Wende (born 24 July 1984) is a German pair skater. With Maylin Wende, he is the 2010 Trophée Eric Bompard bronze medalist, the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist, and a two-time German national champion. They have competed twice at the Winter Olympics (2010, 2014) and have placed as high as sixth at the European Championships (2011, 2014).

Maylin Wende
Maylin Wende (née Hausch; born 22 September 1988) is a German pair skater. With husband and partner Daniel Wende, she is the 2010 Trophée Eric Bompard bronze medalist, the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist, and a two-time German national champion. They have competed twice at the Winter Olympics (2010, 2014) and have placed as high as sixth at the European Championships (2011, 2014).
Ernest Benn
Sir Ernest John Pickstone Benn, 2nd Baronet, CBE (25 June 1875 – 17 January 1954) was a British publisher, writer and political publicist. His father, John Benn, was a Liberal politician, who had been made a baronet in 1914. He was brother of the Liberal and later Labour politician William Wedgwood Benn, and an uncle of the Labour politician Tony Benn.

Sir John Benn, 1st Baronet
Sir John Williams Benn, 1st Baronet, DL (13 November 1850 – 10 April 1922) was a British politician, particularly associated with London politics. He was the father of the politician William Benn, and the grandfather of the politician Tony Benn.
VX Sagittarii
VX Sagittarii (abbreviated to VX Sgr) is a luminous cool OH/IR pulsating variable star with an unusually large magnitude range located in the constellation of Sagittarius and more than one kiloparsec away from the Sun. Although it is often treated as an unusually cool red supergiant (or hypergiant), it may be instead either an extremely large asymptotic giant branch star or a possible but unlikely Thorne–Żytkow object. Nonetheless, it is one of the largest stars discovered and also one of the most luminous and massive cool stars in the Milky Way, with a radius pulsating between 1,350 and 1,940 solar radii (940,000,000 and 1.35×109 km; 6.3 and 9.0 au).

Assuming it is an AGB star, VX Sgr would be the most luminous known of its kind, exceeding the theoretical limit for the bolometric magnitude at −8.0.

OH/IR star
An OH/IR star is an asymptotic giant branch (AGB), a red supergiant (RSG), or a red hypergiant (RHG) star that shows strong OH maser emission and is unusually bright at near-infrared wavelengths.

In the very late stages of AGB evolution, a star develops a super-wind with extreme mass loss.  The gas in the stellar wind condenses as it cools away from the star, forming molecules such as water (H2O) and silicon monoxide (SiO). This can form grains of dust, mostly silicates, which obscure the star at shorter wavelengths, leading to a strong infrared source. Hydroxyl (OH) radicals can be produced by photodissociation or collisional dissociation.

H2O and OH can both be pumped to produce maser emission. OH masers in particular can give rise to a powerful maser action at 1612 MHz and this is regarded as a defining feature of the OH/IR stars.  Many other AGB stars, such as Mira variables, show weaker OH masers at other wavelengths, such as 1667MHz or 22MHz.
FTSE MTIRS Index
The FTSE MTIRS Indices are designed to accurately move in direct correlation to OTC Interest Rate Swaps market with a total of 45 indices covering the USD curve from 2 years to 30 years including spreads and butterflies. FTSE MTIRS Indices account for changes to both fixed and floating rates and are rebalanced daily.

The value of the FTSE MTIRS Indices change with the NPV (Net Present Value) changes and is mathematically rebalanced daily to ensure that the indices represent periods out of spot and remains at constant maturity. Composite market maker prices are used to calculate the FTSE MTIRS Index series and are used for rebalancing, supplying perfect correlation to OTC Interest Rate Swaps and effectively tracks fixed for floating Interest rates enabling the tracking of OTC Interest rate Swap exposure.

Interest rate swap
In finance, an interest rate swap (IRS) is an interest rate derivative (IRD). It involves exchange of interest rates between two parties. In particular it is a "linear" IRD and one of the most liquid, benchmark products. It has associations with forward rate agreements (FRAs), and with zero coupon swaps (ZCSs).

In its December 2014 statistics release, the Bank for International Settlements reported that interest rate swaps were the largest component of the global OTC derivative market, representing 60%, with the notional amount outstanding in OTC interest rate swaps of $381 trillion, and the gross market value of $14 trillion.

Interest rate swaps can be traded as an index through the FTSE MTIRS Index.
Alstom Movia R151
The Alstom Movia R151 is the seventh generation electric multiple unit (EMU) rolling stock in operation on the existing North–South (NSL) and East–West (EWL) lines of Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. It is manufactured by Changchun Alstom Railway Vehicles, a joint venture of Alstom and CRRC Changchun under Contract R151 as part of their Movia family of trains.

The new rolling stock progressively replaced all of the C151s, C651s and C751Bs, all of which had been in service for at least 25 years when the R151s entered service in 2023. These new trains are part of the North–South and East–West lines' core systems upgrade and renewal programme. 106 six-car high-capacity trainsets comprising 636 cars were delivered from 21 February 2022 onwards, with the first train entering service on the East–West Line on 4 June 2023.

Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo C751B
The Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo (KNS) C751B is a class of retired trains that were the third generation of electric multiple unit rolling stock that operated on the North–South and East–West lines of Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system from January 2000 to September 2024, manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo (KNS) under Contract 751B. 21 trainsets of 6 cars each were purchased at S$231 million, and it was the first rolling stock to feature VVVF insulated-gate bipolar transistor traction control system. Kawasaki manufactured 66 cars and Nippon Sharyo manufactured 60 cars respectively with no comparable differences, having been built to agreed specifications.
Gary Ewing
Garrison Arthur "Gary" Ewing is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera, Knots Landing, a spin-off of Dallas. The character of Gary Ewing was first played by actor David Ackroyd in a two-part Dallas season two episode "Reunion" in 1978. Gary Ewing was the middle son of oil baron Jock and Miss Ellie Ewing, the father of Lucy Ewing and the ex-husband of Valene Ewing. Over a year later, the part of Gary Ewing was recast for the spin-off Knots Landing with actor Ted Shackelford in the role, and Gary became one of the main stars of the series in 1979. Shackelford played Gary Ewing in Knots Landing for its entire fourteen seasons (1979–1993), while continuing to make occasional appearances in Dallas during that time. The character of Gary made his last Knots Landing appearance in 1997 in the reunion series Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac. Shackelford reprised his character for the new, updated version of Dallas in 2013.

Lucy Ewing
Lucy Ann Ewing is a fictional character in the popular American television series Dallas. The character is played by Charlene Tilton and first appeared in the series premiere on April 2, 1978. Tilton left the show at the end of season 8 in 1985, before returning for the last two episodes of season 11 in 1988, becoming a series regular again in season 12. Lucy was then written out again in 1990.

Lucy appeared in one episode of the Dallas spin-off Knots Landing - Season 1, Episode 6: "Home is for Healing" (1980). She returned as a guest star in the continuation of Dallas in 2012.
Eckerd Corporation
Eckerd Corporation was an American pharmacy retail chain headquartered in Largo, Florida, and toward the end of its life, in Warwick, Rhode Island. At its peak, Eckerd was the second-largest pharmacy chain in the United States, with approximately 2,802 stores in 23 states as far west as Arizona.

An independent chain for most of its existence, Eckerd was purchased by JCPenney in 1996. Following years of losses and failed attempts to turn around the company, the chain was divided in 2004, with 1,271 of its stores, and its mail-order business, sold to competitor CVS, and the remainder acquired by Jean Coutu Group through its U.S. division. Jean Coutu sold the chain to Rite Aid in 2007, and its name was phased out soon thereafter and replaced with the Rite Aid name. After Rite Aid's subsequent 2025 bankruptcy and liquidation, all or most of Eckerd's final retail footprint at dissolution became absorbed by CVS, anyway.

CVS Health
CVS Health Corporation is an American multinational healthcare company that owns CVS Pharmacy, a retail pharmacy chain; CVS Caremark, a pharmacy benefits manager; and Aetna, a health insurance provider, among many other brands. The company is the world's second largest healthcare company, behind UnitedHealth Group. In 2023, the company was ranked 64th in the Forbes Global 2000. CVS started in Lowell, Massachusetts by brothers Stanley and Sidney Goldstein and their partner Ralph Hoagland. The name stood for Consumer Value Stores.
Kujō Mitsuie
Kujō Mitsuie (九条 満家; 1394 – 1449), son of regent Tsunenori and adopted son of Kujō Tadamoto, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku from 1418-1424. Masatada and Masamoto were his sons.

Kujō Masamoto
Kujō Masamoto (九条 政基; 1445–1516), son of regent Mitsuie, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku from 1476 to 1479. Kujō Hisatsune was his son.
Dryopteris intermedia
Dryopteris intermedia, the intermediate wood fern or evergreen wood fern, is a perennial, evergreen wood fern native to eastern North America. It is a diploid species, and is the parent of several species of hybrid origin, including Dryopteris carthusiana. Other common names for this species include intermediate shield fern, fancy wood fern, fancy fern, glandular wood fern, American shield fern and common wood fern.

This fern is often confused with several other wood fern species, including D. carthusiana, D. campyloptera, and D. expansa. It especially extensively shares the range of D. carthusiana, but the two may be distinguished by the innermost pinnule on the bottom side of the bottom pinna: this pinnule is longer than the adjacent pinnules in D. carthusiana, but shorter or even in D. intermedia.

Dryopteris campyloptera
Dryopteris campyloptera, also known as the mountain wood fern, is a large American fern of higher elevations and latitudes.  It was formerly known as Dryopteris spinulosa var. americana. This species also has been mistakenly referred to as D. austriaca and D. dilatata.

A distinctive feature of this fern is that the bottom innermost pinnule on the basal pinnae spans approximately the first two top innermost pinnules on the same pinnae.

This fern is a tetraploid species of hybrid origin, the parents being Dryopteris intermedia and Dryopteris expansa.  Phenotypologically, the fern greatly resembles the second parent.

In West Virginia, this species may only be found above 3800 feet elevation, but is a part of the normal flora in northern New England.