hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lara Giddings
Larissa Tahireh "Lara" Giddings (born 14 November 1972) is an Australian former politician who was the 44th Premier of Tasmania from 24 January 2011 until 31 March 2014, the first woman to hold the position. Born in Goroka, Papua New Guinea, she was a Labor Party member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly seat of Franklin from 2002 to 2018, and was the party's leader during her period as premier, replaced by Bryan Green after her government's defeat at the 2014 state election. Giddings came from the Labor Left faction. As of 2025, she remains the most recent premier of Tasmania from the Labor Party.

Bryan Green
Bryan Alexander Green (born 30 June 1957) is a former Australian politician. He was the leader of the parliamentary Labor Party in Tasmania from 2014 to 2017, and a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly in the electorate of Braddon from 1998 to 2017.
New Mexico Highlands University
New Mexico Highlands University (NMHU or Highlands) is a public university and research institution in Las Vegas, New Mexico, United States. Founded in 1893, it has satellite campuses in Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, Farmington and Roswell. NMHU has an average annual enrollment of approximately 3,000 students and offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate degree programs across six schools and colleges, as well as online.

Las Vegas, New Mexico
Las Vegas is a city in the state of New Mexico in the United States. It is the county seat of San Miguel County. Las Vegas was once two separate municipalities, one named West Las Vegas ("Old Town") and one named East Las Vegas ("New Town"). They were separated by the Gallinas River and still retain distinct characters and separate school districts. Las Vegas is home to New Mexico Highlands University.

The city's population was 13,166 at the official 2020 census.
Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Spencer; /dʒɔːrˈdʒeɪnə/ jor-JAY-nə; 7 June 1757 – 30 March 1806), was an English aristocrat, socialite, political organiser, author, and activist. Born into the Spencer family and married into the Cavendish family, she was the first wife of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and the mother of the 6th Duke of Devonshire.

The Duchess was famous for her charisma, political influence, beauty, unusual marital arrangement, love affairs, socializing, and notoriety for her gambling addiction, leading to an immense debt. She was the great-great-great-grandaunt of Diana, Princess of Wales. Their lives, two centuries apart, have been compared in tragedy.

William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire
William George Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire (21 May 1790 – 18 January 1858), styled Marquess of Hartington until 1811, was an English peer, courtier and Whig politician. Known as the "Bachelor Duke", he served as Lord Chamberlain from 1827 to 1828 and again from 1830 to 1834. The Cavendish banana is named after him.
Flag of Florida
The flag of Florida is the official flag of the U.S. state of Florida. The flag consists of a red saltire on a white background, with the state seal superimposed on the center. The current state flag was adopted on November 6, 1900, and has only been changed once on May 21, 1985 when the state seal was standardized.

It is one of three U.S. state flags to feature the words "In God We Trust" (the U.S. motto since 1956), with the other two being those of Georgia and Mississippi.

Saltire
A saltire, also called Saint Andrew's Cross or the crux decussata, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross. The word comes from the Middle French sautoir, Medieval Latin saltatoria ("stirrup").

From its use as field sign, the saltire came to be used in a number of flags, in the 16th century for Scotland and Burgundy, in the 18th century also as the ensign of the Russian Navy, and for Ireland. Notable 19th-century usage includes some of the flags of the Confederate States of America. It is also used in the flag of Jamaica and on seals, and as a heraldic charge in coats of arms.

The term saltirewise or in saltire refers to heraldic charges arranged as a diagonal cross. The shield may also be divided per saltire, i.e. diagonally.

A warning sign in the shape of a saltire is also used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing.
Dragon Crystal
Dragon Crystal (ドラゴンクリスタル) is a 1990 role-playing video game developed and published by Sega for the Game Gear and Master System. The game is similar to and shares assets with Fatal Labyrinth, which was also released around that time.

Fatal Labyrinth
Fatal Labyrinth, titled Shi no Meikyuu: Labyrinth of Death (死の迷宮) in Japan, is a 1990 roguelike role-playing video game developed and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis. Originally available exclusively on the Sega Meganet multiplayer gaming service in Japan, it was later released physically in 1991.  The game is similar to and shares assets with Dragon Crystal, which was released around that time.

The game appears in Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, and was later included in Sega Genesis Classics for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch.
Olive Branch Petition
The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, and signed on July 8, 1775, in a final attempt to avoid war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America. The Congress had already authorized the invasion of Canada more than a week earlier, but the petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated King George III to prevent further conflict. It was followed by the July 6, 1775 Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, however, which made its success unlikely in London.  In August 1775, the colonies were formally declared to be in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion, and the petition was rejected by the British government; King George had refused to read it before declaring the colonists traitors.

Proclamation of Rebellion
The Proclamation of Rebellion, officially titled A Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition, was the response of King George III to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill at the outset of the American Revolutionary War. Issued on 23 August 1775, it declared elements of the American colonies in a state of "open and avowed rebellion". It ordered officials of the empire "to use their utmost endeavours to withstand and suppress such rebellion". The 1775 proclamation of rebellion also encouraged subjects throughout the empire, including those in Britain, to report anyone carrying on "traitorous correspondence" with the rebels to be punished.
Vinu Mohan
Vinu Mohan (born 12 May 1986) is an Indian actor who appears in Malayalam films. He made his debut in the 2007 film Nivedyam, directed by A. K. Lohithadas. He is the grandson of the actor Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair, son of actors K. Mohan Kumar and Shobha Mohan, and nephew of actor Sai Kumar.

Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)
Sai Kumar, also credited as Saikumar, is an Indian actor who appears in Malayalam films. He is the son of Malayalam actor late Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair. He appears in both positive and negative roles. He notably plays the hero role in Ramji Rao Speaking, and the villain in Makkal Mahatmyam.
Mueller calculus
Mueller calculus is a matrix method for manipulating Stokes vectors, which represent the polarization of light. It was developed in 1943 by Hans Mueller. In this technique, the effect of a particular optical element is represented by a Mueller matrix—a 4×4 matrix that is an overlapping generalization of the Jones matrix.

Stokes parameters
The Stokes parameters are a set of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation. They were defined by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851, as a mathematically convenient alternative to the more common description of incoherent or partially polarized radiation in terms of its total intensity (I), (fractional) degree of polarization (p), and the shape parameters of the polarization ellipse. The effect of an optical system on the polarization of light can be determined by constructing the Stokes vector for the input light and applying Mueller calculus, to obtain the Stokes vector of the light leaving the system. They can be determined from directly observable phenomena. The original Stokes paper was discovered independently by Francis Perrin in 1942 and by Subrahamanyan Chandrasekhar in 1947, who named it as the Stokes parameters.
Kálfr Árnason
Kálfr Árnason (Norwegian: Kalv Arnessoncode: nor promoted to code: no ; c. 990 – 1051) was an 11th-century Norwegian chieftain who played a major role both in defeating King Olaf Haraldsson (later named St. Olaf) at the Battle of Stiklestad and in bringing back his young son Magnus and raising him to the throne.

Magnus the Good
Magnus Olafsson (Old Norse: Magnús Óláfsson; Norwegian and Danish: Magnus Olavsson; c. 1024 – 25 October 1047), better known as Magnus the Good (Old Norse: Magnús góði; Norwegian and Danish: Magnus den gode), was King of Norway from 1035 and King of Denmark from 1042 until his death in 1047.

Magnus was an illegitimate son of Saint Olaf, and fled with his mother Alfhild when his father was dethroned in 1028. He returned to Norway in 1035 and was crowned king at the age of 11. In 1042, he was also crowned king of Denmark. Magnus ruled the two countries until 1047, when he died under unclear circumstances. After his death, his kingdom was split between Harald Hardrada in Norway and Sweyn Estridsson in Denmark.
Pendant vault
Pendant vaulting is considered to be a type of English fan vaulting.  The pendant vault is a rare form of vault, attributed to fifteenth century English Gothic architecture, in which large decorative pendants hang from the vault at a distance from the walls. In some cases, the pendants are a large form of boss.   In his book on fan vaults, Walter Leedy defines the fan vault stating: “Fan vaults have the following specific interrelated visual and structural characteristics: (1) vaulting conoids of regular geometric form, (2) vertical ribs, each of consistent curvature and placement, (3) a distinct central spandrel panel, (4) ribs perpendicular to the vaulting surface, and (5) applied surface patterning.”

Fan vault
A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan.  The initiation and propagation of this design element is strongly associated with England.

The earliest example, dating from about 1351, may be seen in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral. The largest fan vault in the world can be found in King's College Chapel, Cambridge.

The fan vault is peculiar to England. The lierne vault of the cathedral of Barbastro in northern Spain closely resembles a fan vault, but it does not form a perfect conoid. John Harvey (1978) suggests Catherine of Aragon as a possible source of English influence in Aragon.
Democratic and Republican Union
The Democratic and Republican Union (French: Union républicaine et démocratique, URD) was the parliamentary group of the conservative Republican Federation in the Chamber of Deputies of France during the French Third Republic (1870–1940). Other French parties have used similar names, such as the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR) and the Union for French Democracy (UDF).

Republican Federation
The Republican Federation (French: Fédération républicaine, FR) was the largest conservative party during the French Third Republic, gathering together the Progressive Republicans and the Orléanists rallied to the Republic.

Founded in November 1903, the party competed with the more secular and centrist Alliance démocratique (Democratic Alliance). Later, most deputies of the Fédération républicaine and of Action libérale (which included Catholics rallied to the Republic) joined the Entente républicaine démocratique right-wing parliamentary group.
Manila Metrostars
The Manila Metrostars were a professional basketball team in the now-defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association from 1998 to 2001. The team was the 1999 MBA National Champions and holds the MBA record of winning 22 consecutive games during the said season. The team was merged with the Batangas Blades in the 2001 season. In 1998, the Metrostars played home games at numerous venues such as the Ninoy Aquino Stadium, the Ateneo Blue Eagle Gym, Rizal Memorial Coliseum and a host of others before playing permanently at the Mail and More Arena (now San Andres Gym).

Batangas Blades
The Batangas Blades (or the LBC-Batangas Blades) were a professional basketball team of the now-defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association from 1998 to 2002.

Its moniker was taken from the province's popularity in making Balisong (a Filipino-made knife). It also played for a short time in the Philippine Basketball League after the MBA folded in 2002.

The team played its home games at the De La Salle Lipa SENTRUM from 1998 to 2001 and at the Lipa City Convention Center in 2002. The PBL version of the Blades also played a number of games at both venues. To compensate the loss of the Manila Metrostars after both clubs' merger, the Blades played a few home games in Manila's Mail and More Sports Complex (now San Andres Gym).
Houman Seyyedi
Houman Seyyedi (Persian: هومن سيدی, born November 29, 1980) is an Iranian actor, director, screenwriter, and editor. He has received various accolades, including six Crystal Simorghs–making him the only director to have three wins in Special Jury Prize category–two Hafez Awards, five Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Awards, a NETPAC Award and an Asian New Talent Award. His sixth film, World War III (2022) won the Orizzonti Award for Best Film at the 79th Venice International Film Festival.

Seyyedi introduced many actors to cinema through his films, most of whom had been trained at his 8mm Film School. Among these actors are Amir Jadidi, Navid Pourfaraj, Azadeh Samadi, Marjan Ettefaghian, Mahsa Hejazi, Amin Sherbaf, Yasna Mirtahmasb, Ladan Zhavehvand, Navid Nosrati, Nima Mazaheri, Ashkan Hassanpour, Ehsan Mansouri, and Hadi Taslimi.

Amir Jadidi
Amir Jadidi (Persian: امیر جدیدی; born June 21, 1984) is an Iranian actor and tennis player. He is well known in Iran for his starring roles in Crazy Rook (2015), A Dragon Arrives! (2016), The Lost Strait (2018), Cold Sweat (2018) and Day Zero (2020), whereas he is best known internationally for his role as Rahim in A Hero (2021), which won the Grand Prix at the 74th Cannes Film Festival. Jadidi received a Palm Springs International Film Festival award for his performance in A Hero.
Deutschland 89
Deutschland 89 is a 2020 German spy thriller television series, starring Jonas Nay as Martin Rauch, an agent of East Germany following the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. It is a sequel to the 2015 series Deutschland 83, and 2018 series Deutschland 86, and premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 25 September 2020.

Similarly to its two predecessors, the season received positive reception from critics, who mostly saw it as a fitting end to the series.

Deutschland 86
Deutschland 86 (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃlant ˌzɛksʔʊntˈʔaxtsɪç]) is a 2018 German spy thriller television series starring Jonas Nay as an agent of East Germany in 1986, in relation to the Angolan Civil War.

It is a sequel to the 2015 series Deutschland 83 and precedes the 2020 series Deutschland 89.
Bagre (fish)
Bagre is a genus of sea catfishes found along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Americas from southern North America to northern South America. They are the only member of the subfamily Bagreinae. Currently, five species are described:

Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) (coco sea catfish)

Bagre filamentosus (Swainson, 1839)

Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815) (gafftopsail catfish)

Bagre panamensis (T. N. Gill, 1863) (Chilhuil sea catfish)

Bagre pinnimaculatus (Steindachner, 1877) (red sea catfish)

The earliest known fossil remains of Bagre are from the Early Miocene-aged Calvert Formation of Maryland, US and the Pungo River Formation of North Carolina, US. However, their exclusively American distribution, combined with the ancient divergences assumed among subfamilies of the Ariidae, suggest that the subfamily may have diverged from the Ariinae during the early-mid Cretaceous following the breakup of West Gondwana, isolating the Bagreinae around South America.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
1934 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1934 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1934. Incumbent Democratic governor Hill McAlister won re-election to a second term, defeating Independent nominee Lewis S. Pope in a rematch with 61.8% of the vote.

Lewis S. Pope again challenged McAlister for the Democratic nomination, but came up short, winning just 137,253 votes to McAlister's 191,460.

In the general election, Pope once again ran as an independent, and tried to form a fusion ticket with former Republican governor Ben W. Hooper who was running for Senate. Hooper called on Republicans to support Pope in the gubernatorial election, while Pope called on independent Democrats to support Hooper in his Senate campaign against Kenneth McKellar. The plan failed, however, with Pope losing to McAlister in the general election, and McKellar soundly defeating Hooper in the Senate race.

1934 United States Senate election in Tennessee
The 1934 United States Senate election in Tennessee was held on November 5, 1934. Incumbent Democratic Senator Kenneth D. McKellar was re-elected to a fourth term in office, defeating Republican former Governor Ben W. Hooper in a rematch from 1916.
Atascadero, California
Atascadero (Spanish for "Mire") is a city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, located on U.S. Route 101. Atascadero is part of the San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses the extents of the county. Atascadero is farther inland than most other cities in the county, and as a result, usually experiences warmer, drier summers, and cooler winters than other nearby cities such as San Luis Obispo and Pismo Beach. The main freeway through town is U.S. 101. The nearby State Routes 41 and 46 provide access to the Pacific Coast and the Central Valley of California.

Founded by E. G. Lewis in 1913, the city grew to 29,773 people as of 2020. Atascadero State Hospital is located in the city.

San Luis Obispo, California
San Luis Obispo (Spanish for 'St. Louis the Bishop'; /sæn ˌluːɪs əˈbɪspoʊ/ san LOO-iss ə-BISS-poh; Spanish: [san ˈlwis oˈβispo]; Chumash: tiłhini) is a city in and the county seat of San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, San Luis Obispo is roughly halfway between the San Francisco Bay Area in the north and Greater Los Angeles in the south. The population was 47,063 at the 2020 census.

San Luis Obispo was founded by the Spanish in 1772, when Saint Junípero Serra established Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. The town grew steadily through the Mexican period before a rapid expansion of San Luis Obispo following the American Conquest of California. San Luis Obispo is a popular tourist destination, known for its historic architecture, vineyards, and hospitality, as well as for being home to California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
James Thomson (poet, born 1834)
James Thomson (23 November 1834 – 3 June 1882), who wrote under the name Bysshe Vanolis, was a Scottish journalist, poet, and translator. He is remembered for The City of Dreadful Night (1874; 1880), a poetic allegory of urban suffering and despair. His pen name derives from the names of the poets Shelley and Novalis; both strong influences on him as a writer. Thomson's essays were written mainly for National Reformer, Secular Review, and Cope's Tobacco Plant. His longer poems include "The Doom of a City" (1854) in four parts, "Vane's Story" (1865), and the Orientalist ballad "Weddah and Om-El-Bonain". He admired and translated the works of the Italian poet Giacomo Leopardi and Heinrich Heine. In the title of his biography of Thomson, Bertram Dobell dubbed him "the Laureate of Pessimism".

Bertram Dobell
Bertram Dobell (9 January 1842 – 14 December 1914) was an English bookseller and literary scholar. Largely self-educated, he became a prominent figure in the London literary scene, known for publishing and promoting the works of overlooked and neglected writers. Dobell edited and reissued texts by poets such as James Thomson and Thomas Traherne, and contributed his own poetry and literary criticism to the period's cultural life.
Washington Spirit
The Washington Spirit are an American professional soccer team based in Washington, D.C. that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It is a continuation of the D.C. United Women of the W-League and continues to field both an amateur Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL) team and a youth team, both under the Spirit name. The team has reached the NWSL Championship four times (2016, 2021, 2024, and 2025), winning once in 2021.

D.C. United Women
D.C. United Women was an American soccer club based in Washington, D.C. that competed in the USL W-League, the second tier of women's soccer in the United States. The team was an affiliate of Major League Soccer club, D.C. United but operated independently by Washington Soccer Properties, LLC.  To participate in the new professional National Women's Soccer League for the 2013 season, the team reformed as Washington Spirit in December 2012.
Native Tongues
The Native Tongues was a collective of late 1980s and early 1990s hip-hop artists known for their positive-minded, good-natured Afrocentric lyrics, and for pioneering the use of eclectic sampling and jazz-influenced beats. Its principal members were the Jungle Brothers, De La Soul, A Tribe Called Quest, Black Sheep, Monie Love, Queen Latifah, and Chi-Ali. The collective was also closely tied to the Universal Zulu Nation.

The Native Tongues movement inspired later alternative hip-hop artists such as Outkast, the Roots, Lupe Fiasco, Little Brother, Black Eyed Peas, Dead Prez, Camp Lo, Jean Grae, Nappy Roots, Digable Planets, Common, Black Star, J Dilla, Lauryn Hill, MF Doom and Pharrell Williams. Rolling Stone cites the track "Doin' Our Own Dang" as "the definitive Native Tongues posse cut".

Black Star (rap duo)
Black Star is an American hip hop duo from Brooklyn, New York. Formed in 1996, the duo is composed of rappers Yasiin Bey (formerly known as Mos Def) and Talib Kweli. The duo is named after The Black Star Line, a shipping company founded by Marcus Garvey. Their critically acclaimed debut album, Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star, was released on September 29, 1998. After decades of only releasing singles and appearing on compilations, Black Star released their sophomore studio album, No Fear of Time, May 3, 2022 on the podcasting platform Luminary.