hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
W. K. C. Guthrie
William Keith Chambers Guthrie FBA (1 August 1906 – 17 May 1981) was a Scottish classical scholar, best known for his History of Greek Philosophy, published in six volumes between 1962 and his death. He served as Laurence Professor of Ancient Philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1952 to 1973 and as master of Downing College, Cambridge from 1957 to 1972.

Laurence Professor of Ancient Philosophy
The Laurence Professorship of Ancient Philosophy at Cambridge University was established in 1930 as one of the offices endowed by the bequest of Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence; it is the oldest chair of ancient philosophy in the world. One woman, Gisela Striker, has held the post, and seven men.
Valdemārs Baumanis
Valdemārs Kristaps Baumanis (19 April 1905 – 24 April 1992) was a Latvian basketball player, basketball and football coach.

He was head coach of Latvia national basketball team in EuroBasket 1935 and EuroBasket 1939. In 1935, Latvia won the tournament, becoming the first ever European champions. In 1939, Latvia won silver medals. The 2012 Latvian film Dream Team 1935 is based on the events of the EuroBasket 1935. It tells the story of the Latvian national basketball team, the winners of the tournament.

Latvia men's national basketball team
The Latvia men's national basketball team (Latvian: Latvijas basketbola izlase) represents Latvia in international basketball. They are organized and run by the Latvian Basketball Association. Latvia has reached the European Basketball Championship 15 times, with their ultimate success occurring during the inter-war period, when they became the first team to win the tournament in 1935. Four years later, they had another impressive run to come away with the silver in 1939. Although after 1939, Latvia were forced to suspend their national team operations, due to the Occupation of the Baltic states. Latvia regained independence in 1991, with their national team taking part in international competition once again a year later.
Jack Off Jill
Jack Off Jill was an American alternative rock band from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, formed in 1992 by vocalist Jessicka, drummer Tenni Ah-Cha-Cha, bassist/keyboardist Agent Moulder, and guitarist Michelle Inhell. Though these four women were the initial founders, nine members rotated through the group in its life-span, including Scott Putesky, guitarist and co-founder of Marilyn Manson. The band lasted nine years, with only Jessicka and Moulder remaining throughout the initial run. The band reunited in 2015 for a number of shows, with Jessicka, Tenni, Inhell, and bassist Helen Storer.

Jessicka (singer)
Jessicka Addams (born Jessica Fodera on October 23, 1975) is an American visual artist and musician. Best known by her stage name Jessicka, she was the frontwoman for the alternative rock band Jack Off Jill, and later for the noise pop band Scarling.
University of Huddersfield
The University of Huddersfield is a public research university located in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It has been a University since 1992, but has its origins in a series of institutions dating back to the 19th century. It has made teaching quality a particular focus of its activities, winning the inaugural Higher Education Academy Global Teaching Excellence Award in 2017, and achieving a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) Gold Award, in 2017  and 2023. The university has also put an increasing focus on research quality, and as of 2022 more than three quarters of its academic staff hold a doctorate, the third highest rate in England.

Its chancellor George W. Buckley, a graduate of the university and a former CEO of 3M, was appointed in 2020.

George W. Buckley
Sir George William Buckley (born 23 February 1947) is a British businessman. He is the former chairman, president, and chief executive of 3M. He was named to these positions on 7 December 2005. He is the chairman of Ownership Capital B.V., chairman of Arle Capital LLP, chairman of Smiths Group plc, and chairman of Expro International.
Bermagui, New South Wales
Bermagui (/bɜːrməɡjui/) is a town on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, in the Bega Valley Shire. It lies on the shores of the southern end of Horseshoe Bay. The name is derived from the Dyirringanj word, permageua, possibly meaning "canoe with paddles".

Dyirringany language
Dyirringañ, also spelt Dyirringany and Djiringanj, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yuin people of New South Wales.

Although it is not listed in Bowern (2011), the people are ethnically Yuin. The only attestation of the language are manuscripts and grammar, dating from 1902. It is sometimes classified with Thawa, as a dialect of Southern Coastal Yuin.

Bermagui Public School, a primary school in Bermagui, has taught local Aboriginal languages including Djiringanj and the Dhurga language, along with the associated cultures, since 2019.
The Girl on the Stairs
The Girl on the Stairs is the 5th psychological crime thriller by Scottish author Louise Welsh. The book was first published in 2012 by publisher John Murray. Welsh's first novel, The Cutting Room, won several literary prizes.

Louise Welsh
Louise Welsh (born 1 February 1965 in London) is an English-born author of short stories and psychological thrillers, resident in Glasgow, Scotland. She has also written three plays, an opera, edited volumes of prose and poetry, and contributed to journals and anthologies. In 2004, she received the Corine Literature Prize.
Hofmann–Martius rearrangement
The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl-alkylated aniline. The reaction requires heat, and the catalyst is an acid like hydrochloric acid.

When the catalyst is a metal halide the reaction is also called the Reilly–Hickinbottom rearrangement (named after Wilfred Hickinbottom and Joseph Reilly).

The reaction is also known to work for aryl ethers and two conceptually related reactions are the Fries rearrangement and the Fischer–Hepp rearrangement. Its reaction mechanism centers around dissociation of the reactant with the positively charged organic residue R  attacking the aniline ring in a Friedel–Crafts alkylation.

In one study this rearrangement was applied to a 3-N(CH3)(C6H5)-2-oxindole:

The reaction is named after German chemists August Wilhelm von Hofmann and Carl Alexander von Martius.

Fries rearrangement
The Fries rearrangement, named for the German chemist Karl Theophil Fries, is a rearrangement reaction of a phenolic ester to a keto phenol.  The reaction is induced by a Lewis acid.
It involves migration of an acyl group of phenol ester to the aryl ring. The reaction is ortho and para selective and one of the two products can be favoured by changing reaction conditions, such as temperature and solvent.  In some cases, the reaction is conducted with no solvent.
Kari Jalonen
Kari Jalonen (born January 6, 1960) is a Finnish professional ice hockey coach and former player. He was a former head coach of the Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team from 2022-2023. He is not related to Finnish ice hockey coach Jukka Jalonen.

Czechia men's national ice hockey team
The Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of the Czech Republic. Since 2021, the team has been officially known in English as Czechia. It is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in history and a member of the so-called "Big Six", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. It is governed by the Czech Ice Hockey Association. The Czech Republic has 85,000 male players officially enrolled in organized hockey (0.8% of its population).
John Parr
John Stephen Parr (born 18 November 1952) is an English musician, singer,songwriter, and BAFTA qualitying film director best known for his 1985 single "St. Elmo's Fire (Man in Motion)" for the 1985 film St. Elmo's Fire, charting at No.1 in the US and No.6 in the UK, and for his 1984 U.S. No.6 rock single "Naughty Naughty". He has written and performed 12 major motion picture theme songs, including the themes for Three Men and a Baby and The Running Man. Parr was nominated for a Grammy award for "St. Elmo's Fire" in 1985.

St. Elmo's Fire (Man in Motion)
"St. Elmo's Fire (Man in Motion)" is a song by British singer John Parr that is the theme song from the 1985 film St. Elmo's Fire. It reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart on 7 September 1985, remaining there for two weeks. The record peaked at No. 6 in the United Kingdom, Parr's home country. The song yielded Parr a Grammy nomination as well.
Brod Fortress
The Fortress of Brod is a fortress in Slavonski Brod, Croatia with significant cultural heritage. The fortress was constructed in the 18th century by the Archduchy of Austria to create a defense against the Ottoman Empire.

Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod (pronounced [slǎʋoːnskiː brôːd], lit. 'Slavonian Brod'), commonly shortened to simply Brod, is a city in eastern Croatia, near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. As one of the principal cities in the historical regions of Slavonia and Posavina, Slavonski Brod is the 7th largest city in the country, with a population of 59,141 as of the 2011 census. It is the centre of Brod-Posavina County and a major river port on the Sava river.
Bromojimscaline
Bromojimscaline, or 7-bromojimscaline, is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor modulator of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to 2CB-Ind. It is the 7-bromo derivative of jimscaline, a cyclized phenethylamine analogue of mescaline with a 1-aminomethylindane structure. Bromojimscaline shows 1.6- and 4.2-fold higher affinities for the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, respectively, than jimscaline. It also shows high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor. The drug was developed by David E. Nichols and colleagues at Purdue University and was subsequently reported by Daniel Trachsel in 2013, who obtained the information via personal communication with Nichols in 2010. It is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Nefise Hatun
Nefise Melek Sultan Hatun[a] (Ottoman Turkish: نفیسہ خاتون; c. 1363 - post 1403) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Murad I. She was the wife of Alaeddin Ali Bey of Karaman and mother of Mehmed II of Karaman and Alaeddin Ali II of Karaman. She is known as the first politically active Ottoman princess.

Alaattin Ali of Karaman
Alaattin Ali of Karaman (d.1397), also Alaeddin Ali, was a bey of  Karaman Beylik, a Turkish principality in Anatolia in the 14th century. Like most other Karaman beys, Ali Bey was a rival of the rising Ottoman Empire, and the two principalities engaged in chronic wars against one another.
Fernando Díaz de Haro (Lord of Orduña and Balmaseda)
Fernando Díaz de Haro was a Spanish noble of the House of Haro. He was the second born son of Diego López V de Haro, the Lord of Biscay, and his wife, the infanta Violante de Castilla y Aragón, daughter of Alfonso X of Castile. Fernando became lord of Orduña and Balmaseda in 1322, after the death of his brother, Lope Díaz IV de Haro who died without leaving any descendants.

Violant of Castile
Violant of Castile (Spanish: Violante de Castilla y Aragón; 1265 – 1287/1308) was infanta of Castile and Lady of Biscay on her marriage to Diego López V de Haro. She was the daughter of Alfonso X of Castile, and Violant of Aragon.
NOTAM code
NOTAM Code is an aeronautical radiotelegraph and radiotelephony brevity code used to transmit information about radio navigation aids, airports, lighting facilities, dangers to aircraft, and actions related to search and rescue. All NOTAM Codes start with the letter Q, to distinguish them from radio call signs, and always consist of five letters (counting the Q), to avoid confusing them with Q codes. These codes are defined by ICAO Doc 8400: ICAO Abbreviations and Codes.

Brevity code
Brevity codes are used in amateur radio, maritime, aviation, police, and military communications. They are designed to convey complex information with a few words or codes. Some are classified from the public.
Dratshang Lhentshog
The Dratshang Lhentshog (Dzongkha: གྲྭ་ཚང་ལྷན་ཚོགས་; Wylie: grwa-tshang lhan-tshogs) is the Commission for the Monastic Affairs of Bhutan. Under the 2008 Constitution, it is the bureaucracy that oversees the Drukpa Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism, which is the state religion of Bhutan. Although Bhutan has a state religion, the role of the religious bureaucracy is ideally meant to complement secular institutions within a dual system of government.

Constitution of Bhutan
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་; Wylie: 'Druk-gi tsa-thrims-chen-mo) was enacted 18 July 2008 by the Royal Government of Bhutan. The Constitution was thoroughly planned by several government officers and agencies over a period of almost seven years amid increasing democratic reforms in Bhutan. The current Constitution is based on Buddhist philosophy, international Conventions on Human Rights, comparative analysis of 20 other modern constitutions, public opinion, and existing laws, authorities, and precedents. According to Princess Sonam Wangchuck, the constitutional committee was particularly influenced by the Constitution of South Africa because of its strong protection of human rights.
Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument
The Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument (GSENM) is a United States national monument protecting the Grand Staircase, the Kaiparowits Plateau, and the Canyons of the Escalante (Escalante River) in southern Utah. It was established in 1996 by President Bill Clinton under the authority of the Antiquities Act with 1.7 million acres of land, later expanded to 1,880,461 acres (7,610 km2). In 2017, the monument's size was reduced by half in a succeeding presidential proclamation, and it was restored in 2021. The land is among the most remote in the country; it was the last to be mapped in the contiguous United States.

The monument is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) as part of the National Conservation Lands system. Grand Staircase–Escalante is the first and largest national monument managed by the BLM. Visitor centers are located in Cannonville, Big Water, Escalante, and Kanab.

Kanab, Utah
Kanab (/kəˈnæb/ kə-NAB) is a city in and the county seat of Kane County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census, Kanab had a population of 4,683. It is located on Kanab Creek just north of the Arizona state line.
Skua Island
Skua Island (54°1′S 37°15′W﻿ / ﻿54.017°S 37.250°W﻿ / -54.017; -37.250) is an island immediately northeast of Prion Island in the entrance to the Bay of Isles, South Georgia. Charted in 1912-13 by Robert Cushman Murphy, American naturalist aboard the brig Daisy. Surveyed in 1929-30 by DI personnel and named in association with Albatross Island, Prion Island and other natural history names given in the Bay of Isles by Murphy in 1912–13.

Rescue Rock (54°0′S 37°14′W﻿ / ﻿54.000°S 37.233°W﻿ / -54.000; -37.233) is a submerged rock marked by breakers, 0.6 nautical miles (1.1 km) northeast of Skua Island. It was charted in 1930 by DI survey personnel. So named because a whale catcher passing near this rock sighted a flag on Skua Island, eventually leading to the rescue of the survey party at Camp Bay where their vessel had run aground.

Bay of Isles
The Bay of Isles is a bay 9 miles (14 km) wide and 3 miles (5 km) deep, lying between Cape Buller and Cape Wilson along the north coast of South Georgia. It was discovered in 1775 by a British expedition under James Cook and so named by him because numerous islands (at least 12) lie in the bay. Of South Georgia's 31 breeding bird species, 17 are found here.
Kahan Singh Nakai
Sardar Kahan Singh Nakai (died 1873) was the sixth and last chief of the Nakai Misl. He was the grandson of the famous Sikh chief, Ran Singh Nakai and Sardarni Karmo Kaur. His aunt, Maharani Datar Kaur was one of the wives of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire. From an early age he assisted his father in campaigns and even commanded campaigns assigned to him by his uncle, Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His cousin, Kharak Singh went on to become the second Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, though he ruled for barely four months. He was the uncle of the third Maharaja, Nau Nihal Singh.

Nakai Misl
The Nakai Misl (Punjabi: ਨਕਈ ਮਿਸਲ (Gurmukhi), نکئی مثل (Shahmukhi)), founded by Sandhu Jats, was one of the twelve Sikh Misls (groupings with their distinct guerrilla militia) that later became part of the Sikh Empire. It held territory between the Ravi and Sutlej rivers southwest of Lahore in what became Pakistan. The misl fought against the Sials, the Pathans and the Kharals before it was incorporated into the Sikh Empire of the Sukerchakia Misl by Ranjit Singh. The misl was founded by Jats.
Tornillo tent city
The Tornillo tent city was a temporary immigrant detention facility for children located in Tornillo, Texas and operated by BCFS on behalf of the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Refugee Resettlement. The Department termed it an "emergency influx care facility" and named it the Tornillo Influx Facility. When it was built in June 2018, the capacity was 400 minor immigrants with a one month contract. It was later expanded to a capacity of 4,000 minors. As many as 2,800 teenagers were held at the site before its closure was announced in January 2019. This made it one of the largest facilities in ORR's Unaccompanied Alien Children Program. All immigrant children had left the facility by January 11, 2019. Nearly 6,200 minors cycled through the facility within the seven months it operated. The area was previously used for a few months in 2016 to process migrant families and unaccompanied minors.

Tornillo, Texas
Tornillo (/tɔːrˈniːjoʊ/ tor-NEE-yoh) is a border town in El Paso County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,568 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined this unincorporated community as a census-designated place (CDP). It is part of the El Paso metropolitan area. The Tornillo and Guadalupe, Chihuahua, area is connected by the Tornillo–Guadalupe International Bridge.

The town is the home of Sonic Ranch, the world's largest residential recording complex.

In June 2018, the US government opened a tent city detention camp for migrant children at the Marcelino Serna Port of Entry on the Mexican border in Tornillo. By January 11, 2019, the last migrant child had been moved out of the camp en route to, or placed with, vetted sponsors.
George Phatudi
Moletje George Phatudi (born 8 March 1959) is a South African judge who has been Judge President of the Limpopo High Court since 1 December 2023. He joined that court in July 2016 as a puisne judge. Before that, he was an advocate, attorney, and lecturer at the University of the North.

Limpopo Division of the High Court of South Africa
The Limpopo Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Limpopo province of South Africa. The main seat of the court in Polokwane opened on 25 January 2016. The court also has local seats at Thohoyandou and Lephalale. Before the opening of the division, the Gauteng Division at Pretoria had jurisdiction over Limpopo and circuit courts sat at Polokwane.
Wukang Mansion
The Wukang Mansion or Wukang Building (Chinese: 武康大楼), formerly known as the Normandie Apartments or International Savings Society Apartments, is a protected historic apartment building in the former French Concession area of Shanghai. It was designed by the Hungarian-Slovak architect László Hudec and completed in 1924. The building has been the residence of many celebrities.

Shanghai French Concession
The Shanghai French Concession was a foreign concession in Shanghai, China from 1849 until 1943. For much of the 20th century, the area covered by the former French Concession remained the premier residential and retail district of Shanghai. It was also one of the centers of Catholicism in China. Despite re-development over the last few decades, the area retains a distinct character and is a popular tourist destination.
Briggsdale, Colorado
Briggsdale is an unincorporated community, a post office, and a census-designated place (CDP) located in Weld County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Briggsdale post office has the ZIP Code 80611.  At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Briggsdale CDP was 134.

Weld County, Colorado
Weld County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 328,981. The county seat is Greeley. Weld County comprises the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Denver–Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area.
Bältespännarparken
Bältespännarparken (Swedish: [ˈbɛ̂ltɛˌspɛnːarpaɾkɛn] ('The Belt Bucklers Park') is a section of Kungsparken in central Gothenburg, Sweden. It is located directly across from the Stora Teatern at the intersection of Kungsportsavenyen and the main entrance to the Garden Society of Gothenburg, and takes its unofficial name from a sculpture located there.

Kungsparken, Gothenburg
Kungsparken (Swedish for King's park), originally Kungsportsparken, is a 13-hectare park behind Stora Teatern in Gothenburg, which encloses most of Nya Allén walkway, and constitutes a so-called park district. Kungsparken was built in several stages between 1839 and 1861.

In the 1940s and 1950s, the park was a meeting place for the city's homosexual men.
Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II
"Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II" is a 2008 episode of the television comedy series Robot Chicken, and the sequel to the Annie Award winning "Robot Chicken: Star Wars", which aired as a one-off special during Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block on November 16, 2008. Like "Robot Chicken: Star Wars", it has been released on its own DVD on July 21, 2009, and will not be part of a season box set. The DVD contains the original broadcast version, and the "Extended Version", which features an additional 15 minutes of footage cut from the broadcast version. It was nominated for a 2009 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour).

Robot Chicken: Star Wars
"Robot Chicken: Star Wars" (also known as "Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode I") is a 2007 episode of the television comedy series Robot Chicken, airing as a one-off special during Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block on June 17, 2007 (released after the original Star Wars film's 30th anniversary). It was released on DVD on July 22, 2008.