hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cleveland Apollo
The Cleveland Apollo is a 4th-century BCE life-size bronze Ancient Greek statue, now in the Cleveland Museum of Art. It acquired it in 2004 using the Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund. The Museum attributed the piece to Praxiteles (circa 400 to 330 BCE).  Technical features of the Cleveland Apollo are consistent with the Late Classical Period, during Praxiteles's lifetime.  Scientific investigation of the sculpture and the separated parts shows that they are from the same casting. The age of the casting is still under review as of 2017. Scholarly investigation has raised several questions about it being a Praxiteles original.

Apollo Sauroktonos
Apollo Sauroktonos (Attic Greek: Άπόλλων Σαυροκτόνος) (Apollo Lizard-killer) is the title of several 1st – 2nd century AD Roman marble copies of an original by the ancient Greek sculptor Praxiteles. The statues depict a nude adolescent Apollo about to catch a lizard climbing up a tree. Copies are included in the collections of the Louvre Museum, the Vatican Museums, and the National Museums Liverpool.
Friedrich Simon Archenhold
Friedrich Simon Archenhold (2 October 1861 in Lichtenau, Kingdom of Prussia – 14 October 1939 in Berlin) was an astronomer who founded the Treptow Observatory (today the Archenhold Observatory) in Berlin-Treptow. He graduated from the Realgymnasium in Lippstadt before entering Friedrich Wilhelm University in 1882, where he and Wilhelm Förster founded the Urania Society at the Berlin University Observatory.

Archenhold Observatory
The Archenhold Observatory (German: Archenhold-Sternwarte) was named in honour of Friedrich Simon Archenhold, is an observatory in Berlin-Treptow. It houses the Großer Refraktor (Great Refractor), which is the longest pointable telescope in the world. It is also called Die Himmelskanone (Celestial Cannon).
Unholy Confessions
"Unholy Confessions" is a song by American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold, released as the lead single from their second album, Waking the Fallen, although "Eternal Rest" and "Chapter Four" were previously released as a promotional double A-side single. It is the band's first official single after their 2001 debut EP release Warmness on the Soul, and was the first single by the band to receive mainstream exposure, being heavily rotated on MTV2's Headbangers Ball.

The song appeared on the Metal=Life compilation in 2005.

The song has been called "one of its era’s most beloved tracks."

Waking the Fallen
Waking the Fallen is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold, released on August 26, 2003, through Hopeless Records. It is the band's first full-length album with new lead guitarist Synyster Gates and bassist Johnny Christ.

The album was certified gold on July 15, 2009, even though it only sold 3,000 copies on its first week of release. As of August 2014, the album has sold over 693,000 copies in the United States. As of March 17, 2021, the album has been certified Platinum in the United States and Gold in both Canada and the United Kingdom. The song "Eternal Rest" appears on Kerrang!'s "666 Songs You Must Own" and was featured on the soundtrack to the movie Saw IV (2007).
National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbus, Ohio
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places entries in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The National Register is a federal register for buildings, structures, and sites of historic significance. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts in Columbus.

There are 361 properties and districts listed on the National Register in Franklin County, including 3 National Historic Landmarks. The city of Columbus is the location of 184 of these properties and districts, including all of the National Historic Landmarks; they are listed here, while the remaining properties and districts are listed separately. Another 3 properties were once listed but have been removed. Of the sites on the National Register in Columbus, 54 are also on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties, the city's list of local landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 9, 2026.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Ohio
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Ohio.

This is a list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 361 properties and districts listed on the National Register in Franklin County, including 3 National Historic Landmarks. The city of Columbus is the location of 184 of these properties and districts, including all of the National Historic Landmarks; they are listed separately, while the remaining 177 properties and districts are listed here.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.
RawTherapee
RawTherapee is a free and open source application for processing photographs in raw image formats such as those created by many digital cameras. It comprises a subset of image editing operations specifically aimed at non-destructive post-production of raw photos and is primarily focused on improving a photographer's workflow by facilitating the handling of large numbers of images. It is notable for the advanced control it gives the user over the demosaicing and developing process. It is cross-platform, with versions for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.

RawTherapee was originally written by Gábor Horváth of Budapest, Hungary, and was re-licensed as free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License Version 3 in January 2010. It is written in C++, using a GTK+ front-end and a patched version of dcraw for reading raw files. The name "Therapee" was originally an acronym derived from "The Experimental Raw Photo Editor".

Demosaicing
Demosaicing (or de-mosaicing, demosaicking), also known as color reconstruction, is a digital image processing algorithm used to reconstruct a full color image from the incomplete color samples output from an image sensor overlaid with a color filter array (CFA) such as a Bayer filter. It is also known as CFA interpolation or debayering.

Most modern digital cameras acquire images using a single image sensor overlaid with a CFA, so demosaicing is part of the processing pipeline required to render these images into a viewable format.

Many modern digital cameras can save images in a raw format allowing the user to demosaic them using software, rather than using the camera's built-in firmware.
Maureen McGovern
Maureen Therese McGovern (born July 27, 1949) is an American singer and Broadway actress, well known for her renditions of the songs "The Morning After" from the 1972 film The Poseidon Adventure; "We May Never Love Like This Again" from The Towering Inferno in 1974; and her No. 1 Billboard adult contemporary hit "Different Worlds", the theme song from the television series Angie. She performed on Broadway in The Pirates of Penzance, Nine, The Threepenny Opera, and Little Women.

The Morning After (Maureen McGovern song)
"The Morning After" is a song written by Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn for the 1972 film The Poseidon Adventure, which won Best Original Song at the 45th Academy Awards. Following this success, Maureen McGovern recorded a single version that became a No. 1 hit in the US for two weeks during August 1973, with Gold record sales. Billboard ranked it as the No. 28 song for 1973.
The Golden Bird
"The Golden Bird" (German: Der goldene Vogel) is a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm (KHM 57) about the pursuit of a golden bird by a gardener's three sons.

It is classified in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index as type ATU 550, "Bird, Horse and Princess", a folktale type that involves a supernatural helper (animal as helper). Other tales of this type include "The Bird 'Grip'", "The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener", "Tsarevitch Ivan, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf", "How Ian Direach got the Blue Falcon", and "The Nunda, Eater of People".

Grateful dead (folklore)
Grateful dead (or grateful ghost) is both a motif and a group of related folktales present in many cultures throughout the world.

The most common story involves a traveler who encounters a corpse of someone who never received a proper burial, typically stemming from an unpaid debt. The traveler then either pays off the dead person's debt or pays for burial. The traveler is later rewarded or has his life saved by a person or animal who is actually the soul of the dead person; the grateful dead is a form of the donor.
The grateful dead spirit may take many different physical forms including that of a guardian angel, animal, or fellow traveler. The traveler's encounter with the deceased comes near the end of the traveler's journey.
Kemmerer High School
Kemmerer Junior Senior High School is a high school in rural Kemmerer, Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States. It is the only high school in its school district, Lincoln County School District Number 1. Kemmerer, Cokeville High School, and Star Valley High School are the only high schools in Lincoln County

The high school has a number of athletic teams and activities.  The school's wrestling program won their first state wrestling title in 2021.

In academics, the school ranks (8 out of 10).

Lincoln County, Wyoming
Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,581. Its county seat is Kemmerer. Its western border abuts the eastern borders of the states of Idaho and Utah.
Urmila Balawant Apte
Urmila Balavant Apte is the Indian Founder of the Bhartiya Stree Shakti organisation in 1988 which is dedicated to the empowerment of women. She received the Nari Shakti Puraskar from President Ram Nath Kovind in 2018 for her work.

Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.
Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula HClO4. It is an oxoacid of chlorine. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is a powerful oxidizer when hot, but aqueous solutions up to approximately 70% by weight at room temperature are generally safe, only showing strong acid features and no oxidizing properties. Perchloric acid is useful for preparing perchlorate salts, especially ammonium perchlorate, an important rocket fuel component. Perchloric acid is dangerously corrosive and readily forms potentially explosive mixtures.

Ammonium perchlorate
Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO4.  It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer and a major component of ammonium perchlorate composite propellant. Its instability has involved it in accidents such as the PEPCON disaster, and has been suspected as the cause of the Port of Shahid Rajaee explosion.
Rajiv–Longowal Accord
The Rajiv–Longowal Accord was an agreement signed by Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and the Akali leader, Harchand Singh Longowal, on 24 July 1985. The government accepted the demands of Shiromani Akali Dal, which, in turn, agreed to end its agitation.

The accord attracted opposition from several orthodox Sikh leaders of Punjab, as well as from the politicians of Haryana. Some of its promises could not be fulfilled because of the disagreements. In August 1985, Longowal was assassinated by the Sikh militants opposed to the accord.

Harchand Singh Longowal
Harchand Singh Longowal (2 January 1932 – 20 August 1985) was the President of the Akali Dal political party during the Punjab insurgency of the 1980s. He had signed the Punjab accord, also known as the Rajiv-Longowal Accord with Rajiv Gandhi on 24 July 1985. The government accepted most of the Akali Dal demands, who in turn agreed to withdraw their activism. Less than a month after signing the accord, Longowal was assassinated by the Sikh militants opposed to the accord.
Cumberland School of Law
The Cumberland School of Law is an ABA-accredited law school at Samford University in Homewood, Alabama, United States. It was founded in 1847 at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee, and is the 11th oldest law school in the United States.

The school offers two degree programs: the 90-hour Juris Doctor (J.D.), and the Master of Comparative Law (M.C.L.), which is designed to educate foreign lawyers in the basic legal principles of the United States. The school also offers eight dual-degree programs and a Master of Laws (LL.M) program with concentrations in financial service regulatory compliance, health law and policy, higher education law and compliance, and legal project management.

Cumberland Law School is unrelated to the University of the Cumberlands in Williamsburg, Kentucky, and is no longer a part of Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee.

Samford University
Samford University is a private Christian university in Homewood, Alabama, United States. Homewood is an inner-suburb of Birmingham. Samford was founded by Baptists in 1841 as Howard College and located until 1887 in Marion, Alabama. It is governed by an independent board of trustees, which requires board members to be Baptists.

In fall 2025, the university enrolled 6,324 students from 44 states, 1 U.S. territory, and 16 other countries, marking the 17th consecutive record-setting year for enrollment.
Recreation, Athletics and Wellness Centre
The Recreation, Athletics and Wellness Centre (RAWC) is an athletic facility of the University of Toronto located on its Mississauga campus in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. The RAWC has 74,000 square feet of athletics space, and its Gym A/B has a seating capacity of 880 people. It is the home venue of the UTM Eagles' indoor intramural sports teams.

The facility opened in 2006 and cost $24.5 million to build, conjoined with the William G. Davis Building. It includes a double gymnasium with stadium-style seating, a fitness centre, an indoor running track, a 25-metre swimming pool, an Olympic weight lifting room, and teaching studios. The facility is operated by the campus Department of Recreation, Athletics and Wellness (DRAW).

UTM Eagles
The UTM Eagles are the athletic teams in various intramural and extramural sports at the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM), organized by the campus Recreation, Athletics and Wellness department. The campus has been an associate member of the Ontario Colleges Athletic Association (OCAA)'s Ontario Collegiate Recreation (OCR) extramurals since 1993, and had a short-lived varsity sports program in the OCAA from 2014 to 2021.

UTM remains an associate member of the OCR extramural program despite no longer participating in OCAA varsity sports, and competes in the University of Toronto Tri-Campus League.
Plantin Polyglot
The Plantin Polyglot (also called the Antwerp Polyglot, the Biblia Regia or "King's Bible") is a polyglot Bible, printed under the title Biblia Polyglotta by Christopher Plantin in Antwerp (Belgium) between 1568 and 1573.

Polyglot (book)
A polyglot is a book that contains side-by-side versions of the same text in several different languages. Some editions of the Bible or its parts are polyglots, in which the Hebrew and Greek originals are exhibited along with historical translations. Polyglots are useful for studying the history of the text and its interpretation.
U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.

Open golf tournament
An open golf tournament usually refers to a golf tournament in which all golfers may compete regardless of their professional or amateur status. Often there will be certain restrictions, commonly based on ability. Some amateur-only tournaments are also described as open, although by definition professional golfers are excluded.
Zariski tangent space
In algebraic geometry, the Zariski tangent space is a construction that defines a tangent space at a point P on an algebraic variety V (and more generally). It does not use differential calculus, being based directly on abstract algebra, and in the most concrete cases just the theory of a system of linear equations.

Tangent space
In mathematics, the tangent space of a manifold is a generalization of tangent lines to curves in two-dimensional space and tangent planes to surfaces in three-dimensional space in higher dimensions. In the context of physics, the tangent space to a manifold at a point can be viewed as the space of possible velocities for a particle moving on the manifold.
Chuck Taylor (wrestler)
Dustin Lee Howard (born April 22, 1986), better known by the ring name Chuck Taylor, is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he also works as a coach as well as in-ring talent. Known as "The Kentucky Gentleman" and "Sexy Chuckie T", he was a member of the Best Friends stable alongside original tag team partner Trent Beretta, Orange Cassidy, Kris Statlander, and Danhausen. Howard has wrestled on the independent circuit since 2002, most notably appearing for Chikara, where he held the Campeonatos de Parejas twice, and Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where he is a former two-time PWG World Champion. He is also known for his work in larger national and international promotions like Ring of Honor (ROH) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).

Dasher Hatfield
A Very Good Professional Wrestler (born 1983 or 1982), formerly known by his ring name Dasher Hatfield, is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his work in Chikara and its sister promotion Wrestling is Fun!.
Charlotte Taylor (cricketer)
Charlotte Michelle Taylor (born 2 February 1994) is an English cricketer who has played for Hampshire, Southern Vipers and Southern Brave. Taylor is an off spin bowler, and was the top wicket taker at the 2020 Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy.

2020 Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy
The 2020 Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy was the first edition of the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, an English women's cricket domestic competition, which took place between 29 August and 27 September 2020. It featured eight teams in two groups, and had a final. The tournament was named after former England captain Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe-Flint, who died in 2017.

The competition was won by Southern Vipers, who beat Northern Diamonds in the final.
MassKara Festival
The MassKara Festival (Hiligaynon: Pista sang MassKara, Filipino: Pista ng MassKara) is an annual festival with highlights held every 3rd Sunday of October in Bacolod, Philippines. The festival sites include the Bacolod Public Plaza, the Lacson Tourism Strip and the Bacolod City Government Center.

MassKara Festival Queen
MassKara Festival Queen (now called Miss Bacolod MassKara) is a local beauty pageant in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Begun in 1981, it is one of the highlights of a week-long celebration called the MassKara Festival.
Jewish Brigade
The Jewish Infantry Brigade Group, more commonly known as the Jewish Brigade Group or Jewish Brigade, was a military formation of the British Army in the Second World War. It was formed in late 1944 and was recruited primarily among Jews of the Yishuv from Mandatory Palestine. It was mostly commanded by Anglo-Jewish officers. The Jewish Brigade served in the latter stages of the Italian Campaign, taking part in the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy. It was disbanded in 1946.

After the war, some members of the brigade assisted Holocaust survivors to illegally emigrate to Mandatory Palestine as part of Aliyah Bet, in defiance of British restrictions. Other members formed the vigilante groups Gmul and the Tilhas Tizig Gesheften, which assassinated hundreds of German, Austrian, and Italian war criminals.

Gmul
Gmul ('Recompense') was a short-lived secret unit created in the Jewish Brigade in 1945 at the end of World War II to identify and kill Germans, particularly SS members, who had taken part in atrocities against Jews. In their three months of operations, they assassinated 100 to 200 Nazi war criminals. Eventually, the British, having received complaints about the disappearances, forced an end to the killings.
John Pourdehnad
John Pourdehnad (1950 (?)) is an American organizational theorist, and consultant.  He is associate director of the Ackoff Center for Advancement of Systems Approaches (ACASA), and Affiliated Faculty in the Organizational Dynamics Graduate Program at the University of Pennsylvania.

Russell L. Ackoff
Russell Lincoln Ackoff (February 12, 1919 – October 29, 2009) was an American organizational theorist, consultant, and Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Management Science at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Ackoff was a pioneer in the field of operations research, systems thinking and management science.
Hits Greatest Stiffs
Hits Greatest Stiffs is a various artists compilation album, drawn from ten of the first eleven Stiff Records singles, BUY 1 to BUY 11.

The tracks follow the numerical order of the singles, but feature mostly the B-sides, although several singles were originally issued as double A-sides. The other sides of the Motörhead and Elvis Costello tracks had appeared on the previous compilation album, A Bunch of Stiff Records.  The missing single from the sequence (BUY 10) was "Neat Neat Neat"/"Stab Your Back"/"Singalongascabies" by the Damned whereas both sides of the Tyla Gang's single were included on this album.

The inner sleeve included pictures of numerous artists, such as Abba and Tom Petty, who appeared on other labels. Although some thought this was some form of slight, they were shown because Stiff admired them, despite their being on other labels.  The album did not enter the UK charts. However, it featured some of the most influential recording artists of the new wave era.

Sean Tyla
Sean Tyla (born John Michael Kenneth Tyler, 3 August 1947 – 17 May 2020) was an English rock guitarist, keyboardist, vocalist and songwriter, sometimes known as the "Godfather of Boogie". Best known for his work with Ducks Deluxe and Tyla Gang, he also played with Help Yourself, Joan Jett, and Deke Leonard, and appeared solo.