hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Β-Lactamase inhibitor
Beta-lactamases are a family of enzymes involved in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the bacteria have beta-lactamase which degrade the beta-lactam rings, rendering the antibiotic ineffective. However, with beta-lactamase inhibitors, these enzymes on the bacteria are inhibited, thus allowing the antibiotic to take effect. Strategies for combating this form of resistance have included the development of new beta-lactam antibiotics that are more resistant to cleavage and the development of the class of enzyme inhibitors called beta-lactamase inhibitors. Although β-lactamase inhibitors have little antibiotic activity of their own, they prevent bacterial degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics and thus extend the range of bacteria the drugs are effective against.

Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases (β-lactamases)  are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resistance by breaking the antibiotics' structure. These antibiotics all have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring. Through hydrolysis, the enzyme lactamase breaks the β-lactam ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties.

Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria are usually secreted, especially when antibiotics are present in the environment.
Comoving and proper distances
In standard cosmology, comoving distance and proper distance (or physical distance) are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Comoving distance factors out the expansion of the universe, giving a distance that does not change in time except due to local factors, such as the motion of a galaxy within a cluster. Proper distance roughly corresponds to where a distant object would be at a specific moment of cosmological time, which can change over time due to the expansion of the universe. Comoving distance and proper distance are defined to be equal at the present time. At other times, the Universe's expansion results in the proper distance changing, while the comoving distance remains constant.

Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric
The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (FLRW; /ˈfriːdmən ləˈmɛtrə ... /) is a metric that describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding (or otherwise, contracting) universe that is path-connected, but not necessarily simply connected. The general form of the metric follows from the geometric properties of homogeneity and isotropy. Depending on geographical or historical preferences, the set of the four scientists – Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard P. Robertson, and Arthur Geoffrey Walker – is variously grouped as Friedmann, Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW), Robertson–Walker (RW), or Friedmann–Lemaître (FL).  When combined with Einstein's field equations, the metric gives the Friedmann equation, which has been developed into the Standard Model of modern cosmology and further developed into the Lambda-CDM model.
Treaty of Chaguaramas
The Treaty of Chaguaramas established the Caribbean Community and Common Market, popularly known as CARICOM. It was signed on 4 July 1973 in Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago. It was signed by Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. It came into effect on 1 August 1973. The treaty established the regional institution while replacing the Caribbean Free Trade Association which ceased to exist on 1 May 1974.  The revised treaty, signed in 2001, created the Caribbean Single Market and Economy.

In addition to economic issues, the Community instrument addressed issues of foreign policy coordination and functional cooperation. Issues of economic integration, particularly those related to trade arrangements, were addressed in the CSME Annex.

A revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) was signed in 2001.

Caribbean Community
The Caribbean Community (abbreviated as CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organisation that is a political and economic union of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) and five associated members throughout the Americas, the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean. It has the primary objective to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973, by its four founding members signing the Treaty of Chaguaramas.

The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM has been granted the official United Nations General Assembly observer status.
Williston Oilers
The Williston Oilers  were a minor league baseball team based in Williston, North Dakota. The "Oilers" played as members of the Independent level Manitoba-Dakota League from 1954 to 1957, winning the 1956 league championship. The league folded following the 1957 season.

The Williston Oilers teams hosted home minor league games at Ardean Aafeldt Stadium, which is still in use today.

Mandak League
The Manitoba-Dakota League was an independent baseball league based in Manitoba and North Dakota that was founded in 1950. It became the home for many African-American and Latino players. The league lasted through the 1957 season. It was known informally as the Mandak League or Man-Dak League. The league originated as the Manitoba Senior Baseball League founded in 1948, with Jimmy Dunn as its president.

It was the outlet for former Negro leaguers to continue playing and entertaining fans, occupying fields with ex-major leaguers, minor league stars and some of the best Manitoba, North Dakota, and Minnesota born players. It featured such greats as Willie Wells, Leon Day, Ray Dandridge and Satchel Paige,  who pitched briefly for the Minot Mallards in 1950.
Antelope Valley High School
Antelope Valley High School is located in Lancaster, California, and is part of the Antelope Valley Union High School District, in northernmost Los Angeles County, California.  It was founded in 1912 and had its first graduating class in 1912.

Lancaster, California
Lancaster /ˈlæŋ.kæstər/ is a charter city in northern Los Angeles County, in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 173,516, making Lancaster the 158th-most populous city in the United States and the 30th most populous in California. Lancaster is a twin city with its southern neighbor Palmdale; together, they are the principal cities within the Antelope Valley region.

Lancaster is located approximately 70 miles (110 km) north (via I-5 and SR 14) of downtown Los Angeles and is near the Kern County line. It is separated from the Los Angeles Basin by the San Gabriel Mountains to the south and from Bakersfield and the San Joaquin Valley by the Tehachapi Mountains to the north. The population of Lancaster has grown from 37,000 at the time of its incorporation in 1977 to over 173,000 as of 2020.
A Hard Day (2021 film)
A Hard Day is a 2021 Philippine action thriller film directed by Lawrence Fajardo and produced by Arlene Tamayo. It is based on the 2014 South Korean film of the same name by Kim Seong-hun, starring Dingdong Dantes and John Arcilla and it is an official entry to the 2021 Metro Manila Film Festival. The movie was produced by VIVA Films.

A Hard Day
A Hard Day (Korean: 끝까지 간다; RR: Kkeutkkaji ganda; lit. 'Take It to the End') is a 2014 South Korean action thriller film written and directed by Kim Seong-hun, and starring Lee Sun-kyun and Cho Jin-woong. It was selected to compete in the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.
Regional Assemblies of Eritrea
Lower Regional Assemblies of Eritrea are found in each of the six zones of the State of Eritrea. These Assemblies are responsible for setting a local agenda in the event that they are not overruled by the National Assembly. The Regional Assemblies are in turn popularly elected within each region.

At the time of independence in 1993 Eritrea was arranged into ten provinces. These provinces were similar to the nine provinces operating during the colonial period. In 1996, these were consolidated into six regions (zobas). The regional electors elect the members of the Regional Assembly. However, the regional administrator is not selected by the Regional Assembly unlike the National Assembly of Eritrea that elects the President of Eritrea.

Regional Administrators of Eritrea
The Regional Administrators of Eritrea are appointed centrally by the President of Eritrea. The Regional Administrators supervise and work in collaboration with their elected Regional Assemblies.

The Regional Administrator will also represent the Region (Zoba) in National Cabinet meetings and quarterly update meetings.

Administrator of the Anseba Region: Selma Hassan

Administrator of the Southern Region: Mustapha Nurhussein

Administrator of the Gash-Barka Region: Musa Raba

Administrator of the Central Region and mayor of Asmara: Semere Russom

Administrator of the Northern Red Sea Region: Abdallah Mussa

Administrator of the Southern Red Sea Region: Tsigereda Woldeghiergis
Moniz sign
Moniz sign is a clinical sign in which forceful passive plantar flexion of the ankle elicits an extensor plantar reflex. It is found in patients with pyramidal tract lesions, and is one of a number of Babinski-like responses. It is named after Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz.

Plantar reflex
The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms.  In healthy adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion).

An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants.

While first described in the medical literature by Babinski in 1896, the reflex has been identified in art at least as early as Botticelli's Virgin and Child with an Angel, painted in the mid-15th century.
Sindhi Memon
Sindhi Memons (Sindhi: سنڌي ميمڻ) are a people of the Memon community native to the Pakistani province of Sindh. They speak Sindhi as their first language. The present chief of the Memon community of Sindh is Sharjeel Inam Memon.

Sharjeel Memon
Sharjeel Inam Memon (Sindhi: شرجیل انعام ميمڻ, born 14 June 1974) is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh since 2008. Memon has been a senior minister and currently heads the ministries of transport and mass transit, excise, taxation, narcotics and control department.
The People That Time Forgot (novel)
The People That Time Forgot is a  fantasy novel by American writer  Edgar Rice Burroughs, the second of his Caspak trilogy. The sequence was first published in Blue Book Magazine as a three-part serial in the issues for August (vol. 27 #4), October (vol. 27 #6), and December (vol. 28 #2) 1918, with The People That Time Forgot forming the second installment. The complete trilogy was later combined for publication in book form under the title of The Land That Time Forgot (properly speaking the title of the first part) by A. C. McClurg in June 1924. Beginning with the Ace Books editions of the 1960s, the three segments have usually been issued as separate short novels.

Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.
The Sausage Factory
The Sausage Factory, also known in the United States as MTV's Now What? or Much Ado About Whatever, is a teen sitcom that followed the lives of four friends in their junior year at West Boulder High School.

The four friends were Zack (Adam Brody), trying to win over his unrequited crush Lisa; Ted, the stereotypical rich kid who tries to consummate with his girlfriend, Nancy (Kristen Renton); J.C. (Kenny Fisher), who finds himself constantly approached by middle-aged women; and Gilby (Johnny Lewis), the class clown, who regularly creates trouble.

Produced in 2000 and 2001, it ran for one season. The single-camera series was shot without an audience and included no laugh track.

Originally aired in Canada on The Comedy Network, reruns were later screened on CTV and YTV. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it airs on Trouble. Sky One previously aired it.

Johnny Lewis
Jonathan Kendrick Lewis (October 29, 1983 – September 26, 2012), also credited as Johnny K. Lewis, was an American film and television actor. He was best known for playing Kip "Half-Sack" Epps in the first two seasons of the FX series Sons of Anarchy, and for other television roles such as Gilby in The Sausage Factory (2001–2002), Pearce Chase in Quintuplets (2004–2005) and Dennis "Chili" Childress in The O.C. (2005–2006). Lewis also appeared in supporting roles in the films Underclassman (2005), Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007), Felon (2008) and The Runaways (2010).

After sustaining head trauma from a motorcycle accident in 2011, Lewis was arrested three times between 2011 and 2012. In September 2012, he murdered the owner of a home in which he was renting a room and killed her cat. He was fatally injured after falling off the roof of the house.
Washington University School of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine (WashU Medicine) is the medical school of Washington University in St. Louis, located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1891, the School of Medicine shares a campus with Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children's Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center.

The clinical service is provided by Washington University Physicians, a comprehensive medical and surgical practice providing treatment in more than 75 medical specialties. Washington University Physicians are the medical staff of the school's two teaching hospitals – Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital. They also provide inpatient and outpatient care at the St. Louis Veteran's Administration Hospital, hospitals of the BJC HealthCare system, and 35 other office locations throughout the greater St. Louis region.

Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center
The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine is a cancer treatment, research and education institution in the St. Louis area. Siteman is the only cancer center in Missouri and within 240 miles of St. Louis to be designated a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Siteman is also the only area member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, a nonprofit alliance of 33 cancer centers dedicated to improving the quality and effectiveness of cancer care.

Siteman treats adults at six locations and partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital in the treatment of pediatric patients at Siteman Kids at St. Louis Children's Hospital.

Siteman treats more than 75,000 individual patients, including 12,000 newly diagnosed patients, every year, placing Siteman among the top five cancer centers nationally for patient volume.
Neu Wulmstorf
Neu Wulmstorf (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏ ˈvʊlmstɔʁf] ⓘ; Low German: Vosshusen) is a municipality ('Einheitsgemeinde') in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It changed its name on December 11, 1964 from ″Wulmstorf″ to ″Neu Wulmstorf″ (lit. 'New Wulmstorf'). It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.

The municipality of Neu Wulmstorf consists of:

New Wulmstorf, consisting of
New Wulmstorf
Wulmstorf
Daerstorf

Elstorf, consisting of
Elstorf
Ardestorf
Elstorf-Bachheide

Rade consisting of
Rade
Mienenbüttel
Ohlenbüttel

Rübke

Schwiederstorf.

Wulmstorf
Wulmstorf (German pronunciation: [ˈvʊlmstɔʁf] ⓘ; Low German: Wulmsdörp) is a village in the municipality Neu Wulmstorf in the district Harburg in the north east of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.
Jai Maruthi 800
Jai Maruthi 800 is a 2016 Indian Kannada action comedy film written and directed by A. Harsha and produced by Jayanna. It stars Sharan, Shruthi Hariharan and Shubha Poonja in the lead roles. The music is composed by Arjun Janya and cinematography by Swamy J. Gowda.

Shubha Poonja
Shubha Poonja is an Indian actress and former model, who has mostly appeared in Kannada films. She is best known for essaying the leading role alongside Radhika Pandit in the movie Moggina Manasu for which she received Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada.

Shubha started her career in 2003-04 and has completed 2 decades (20 years) in the film industry working in nearly 50 movies. She established herself as one of the leading actresses in Kannada Cinema from 2008 to 2012. She still remains one of the most known faces with her regular appearances on T.V. shows and now with her YouTube channel.
Târgu Secuiesc
Târgu Secuiesc (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌtɨrɡu sekuˈjesk]; Hungarian: Kézdivásárhely, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkeːzdivaːʃaːrhɛj] ⓘ; German: Szekler Neumarkt; Latin: Neoforum Siculorum) is a city in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania. It administers one village, Lunga (Nyújtód).

Covasna County
Covasna County (Romanian pronunciation: [koˈvasna] ⓘ, Hungarian: Kovászna megye, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkovaːsnɒ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Sfântu Gheorghe.
Awilco Offshore
Awilco Offshore was a Norwegian drilling rig owner. In 2008 the company operated five jackup rigs and two semi-submersible accommodation rigs, with several others on order. Awilco was founded in 2005, headquartered in Oslo and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Operation of its rigs was done by the company Premium Drilling, owned by Awilco and Sinvest. The company was acquired by China Oilfield Services in 2008 and merged into its existing operations.

China Oilfield Services
China Oilfield Services (COSL)  is an oilfield services company. It is a majority owned subsidiary of Chinese state owned company CNOOC Group. It also has a listed sister company in Hong Kong, CNOOC Limited.

China Oilfield Services usually purchases off shore vessels (OSVs) and operates them in Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia in off shore projects of CNOOC. It also operates in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Caspian Sea.
Defence Council of the United Kingdom
The Defence Council of the United Kingdom is the highest formal governing body of the British Armed Forces, the Defence Council is delegated the responsibility and powers over "command and administration" of the armed forces, by the Crown in their capacity as Head of the Armed Forces.

It was established by the "Defence (Transfer of Functions) Act 1964," which established the Defence Council and transferred to it the responsibilities and delegated powers of the previous separate departments that managed the armed forces prior to 1964.

The Defence Council consists of the Defence Board, its principal committee, as well as the Admiralty Board, the Army Board and the Air Force Board. The Defence Board is chaired by the secretary of state for defence, the minister of the crown with "general responsibility for defence" of the United Kingdom.

Admiralty Board
The Admiralty Board is the body established under the Defence Council of the United Kingdom for the administration of the Naval Service of the United Kingdom. It meets formally only once a year, and the day-to-day running of the Royal Navy is conducted by the Navy Board, which does not include any ministers.

The Admiralty Board was established with the abolition of the Board of Admiralty and the integration of the three service ministries into the Ministry of Defence.

The board is chaired by His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Defence and includes the professional heads of the navy, as well as various ministers and civil servants of the Ministry of Defence.
Christine Kangaloo
Christine Carla Kangaloo ORTT (born 1 December 1961) is a Trinidadian politician and lawyer, who has served as the 7th president of Trinidad and Tobago since 2023. She also served as President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago from 2015 to 2023 and acted as President of the Republic on 33 occasions before assuming office.

Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
The Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ORTT) is the highest honour of Trinidad and Tobago.  Established in 2008, it replaced the Trinity Cross as the decoration for distinguished and outstanding service to the country.
Frederick Kempe
Frederick Kempe (born 1954) is president and chief executive officer of the Atlantic Council, a foreign policy think tank and public policy group based in Washington, D.C. He is a journalist, author, columnist and a regular commentator on television and radio both in Europe and the United States. His book BERLIN 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev and the Most Dangerous Place on Earth (Putnam) was released May 10, 2011, and was a New York Times bestseller.

Atlantic Council
The Atlantic Council is an American think tank in the field of international affairs, favoring Atlanticism, founded in 1961 by Christian Herter and William L. Clayton. It manages sixteen regional centers and functional programs related to international security and global economic prosperity. It is headquartered in Washington, DC, and is a member of the Atlantic Treaty Association.
Khushbu Sundar
Khushbu Sundar (born Nakhat Khan;  29 September 1970) is an Indian politician, actress, film producer and television personality. She is known for her work predominantly in Tamil and Telugu language films in addition to Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films.

She has appeared in over 200 films, with over 100 directly credited to Tamil cinema alone.

She has won three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, two Cinema Express Awards, a Kalaimamani Award and a Kerala State Film Award.

Kalaimamani
The Kalaimamani (lit. 'Jewel of Arts') is the highest civilian award in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. These awards are given by the Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Mandram (literature, music and theatre), a unit of the Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Tamil Nadu, to recognise artists in the state for their achievements.

The Tamil Nadu government has appointed dancer Chitra Visweswaran as the secretary of Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Manram. Film music director Deva is its chairman.