hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data.

Non-volatile memory typically refers to storage in memory chips, which store data in floating-gate memory cells consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors), including flash memory storage such as NAND flash and solid-state drives (SSD).

Other examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory (ROM), EPROM (erasable programmable ROM) and EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM), ferroelectric RAM, most types of computer data storage devices (e.g. disk storage, hard disk drives, optical discs, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), and early computer storage methods such as punched tape and cards.

EPROM
An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power supply has been turned off and back on is called non-volatile.  It is an array of floating-gate transistors individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies higher voltages than those normally used in digital circuits.  Once programmed, an EPROM can be erased by exposing it to strong ultraviolet (UV) light source (such as from a mercury-vapor lamp). EPROMs are easily recognizable by the transparent fused quartz (or on later models, resin) window on the top of the package, through which the silicon chip is visible, and which permits exposure to ultraviolet light during erasing.  It was invented by Dov Frohman in 1971.
Baltasar Lopes da Silva
Baltasar Lopes da Silva (23 April 1907 – 8 May 1989) was a writer, poet and linguist from Cape Verde, who wrote in both Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole.  With Manuel Lopes and Jorge Barbosa, he was the founder of Claridade.  In 1947 he published Chiquinho, considered the greatest Cape Verdean novel and O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde which describes different dialects of creoles of Cape Verde. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Osvaldo Alcântara.

Ressaca, his work of poems can be found on the CD Poesia de Cabo Verde e Sete Poemas de Sebastião da Gama by Afonso Dias.

Manuel Lopes (writer)
Manuel António de Sousa Lopes (December 23, 1907 – January 25, 2005) was a Cape Verdean novelist, poet and essayist. With Baltasar Lopes da Silva and Jorge Barbosa he was a founder of the journal Claridade, which contributed to the rise of Cape Verdean literature.
Manuel Lopes wrote in Portuguese, using expressions typical for Cape Verdean Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole. He was one of those responsible for describing world calamities of the droughts that caused several deaths in São Vicente and Santo Antão.
Serrano people
The Serrano are an Indigenous people of California. Their autonyms are Taaqtam meaning "people", Maarrênga'yam meaning "people from Morongo", and Yuhaaviatam meaning "people of the pines."

Today the Maarrênga'yam are enrolled in the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, and the Yuhaviatam are enrolled in the Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation. Some other Serrano people are enrolled in the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians.

Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation
The Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation is a federally recognized tribe of Serrano people in San Bernardino County, California.

They are made up of the Yuhaaviatam tribe of Serrano people, who have historically lived in the San Bernardino Mountains. The tribe was formerly named the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians.

The other federally recognized Serrano tribe is the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, located in San Bernardino County, California.
Pamyat
The National Patriotic Front "Memory" (NPF "Memory"; Russian: Национально-патриотический фронт «Память»; НПФ «Память», also known as the Pamyat Society; Russian: Общество «Память», Russian: Obshchestvo «Pamyat», Russian pronunciation: [ˈpamʲɪtʲ]) was a Russian far-right antisemitic, and monarchist organization.

Pamyat also identified itself as the "People's National-Patriotic Orthodox Christian movement." The group's stated focus is preserving Russian culture. Its longtime leader, Dmitri Vasilyev, died in 2003. The group had disappeared by the 1990s and split into groups like Russian National Unity.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Vasilyev
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Vasilyev (Russian: Дми́трий Дми́триевич Васи́льев; 30 May 1945 – 16 July 2003) was a Soviet-Russian actor, monarchist, and ultranationalist who was chairman of Pamyat from 1988 until his death in 2003.
S. Donald Stookey
Stanley Donald Stookey (May 23, 1915 – November 4, 2014) was an American inventor. He had 60 patents in his name related to glass and ceramics (some patents solely his and others shared as joint patents with other inventors). His discoveries and inventions have contributed to the development of ceramics, eyeglasses, sunglasses, cookware, defense systems, and electronics.

He was a research director at Corning Glass Works for 47 years doing R&D in glass and ceramic development. His inventions include Fotoform, CorningWare, Cercor, Pyroceram and Photochromic Ophthalmic glass eyewear.

CorningWare
Corning Ware, also written CorningWare, is a brand of unique glass-ceramic (Pyroceram) cookware resistant to thermal shock introduced in 1958 by Corning Glass Works (later Corning Inc.) in the United States. The brand was later spun off with the sale of the Corning Consumer Products Company subsidiary, now known as Corelle Brands.

Pyroceram has properties similar to glass and ceramic, and CorningWare was advertised as being capable of being taken from the refrigerator or freezer and used directly on the stovetop, in an oven or microwave, under a broiler, and go into a dishwasher.: 7

After being discontinued in the U.S. in 2001, the Pyroceram-based line of CorningWare was reintroduced there in 2008 as CorningWare StoveTop.

In early 2022, sales of Pyroceram-based CorningWare were temporarily discontinued in the USA but reappeared on the market in early 2023. It continues to be sold worldwide, and it is popular in North America, Asia, and Australia.
Una-class submarine
The Una-class submarine (also known as Type 911) was a class of six midget submarines built for the Yugoslav Navy at the Brodogradilište specijalnih objekata (English: Special objects shipyard) during the 1980s. They were designed with the purpose of laying small minefields and transporting naval special forces, with or without their submersibles, in shallow waters that were inaccessible for larger submarines. Due to their mission profile that called for a small design as well as the need to stay undetected, they lacked torpedo armament and a generator for battery recharging.

During the Croatian War of Independence and the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, five of the six boats were relocated to Boka Kotorska where they served with the SR Yugoslav Navy. One, Soča (P-914), was captured in drydock by Croatian forces. It was later modified and entered service with the Croatian Navy as Velebit (P-01). All of the boats have since been decommissioned.

Croatian submarine Velebit
Velebit (pennant number P-01) was a modified Una-class midget submarine and the only submarine to see service with the Croatian Navy. It was built for the Yugoslav Navy during the 1980s where it was named Soča. At the outbreak of the Croatian War of Independence Soča was being overhauled in the Brodogradilište specijalnih objekata division of Brodosplit shipyard in Split, Croatia. Although stripped of all equipment, it was preserved from the retreating Yugoslav forces by the shipyard workers.

With modifications that were aimed at improving the ships endurance by including a diesel generator, it was launched as Velebit (P-01) in 1996. Since 2001, due to battery set malfunction, Velebit was no longer able to submerge, and was constrained to surface operations. After it was decommissioned in 2006, there were unsuccessful attempts of selling it to a foreign buyer. The submarine was then offered to various museums in Croatia, with a final destination still pending.
Fox Sports Carolinas
Fox Sports Carolinas (FSCAR) was an American regional sports network operated as an affiliate of Fox Sports Networks. The channel was headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The channel broadcast professional, collegiate and high school sports events, with a primary focus on North Carolina–based teams, namely the Charlotte Hornets and Carolina Hurricanes. It was available on most cable providers in North and South Carolina, with an estimated reach of four million cable television subscribers; Fox Sports Carolinas was also available nationwide on satellite providers DirecTV and Dish Network.

The network closed down on March 31, 2021. Its content was merged into the schedules of the newly named Bally Sports South and Bally Sports Southeast.

FanDuel Sports Network South
FanDuel Sports Network South is an American regional sports network owned by Main Street Sports Group (formerly Diamond Sports Group) and operated as an affiliate of FanDuel Sports Network. The network carries regional coverage of professional and collegiate sports events from across the Southern United States, along with other sporting events and programming from FanDuel Sports Network and FanDuel TV.

FanDuel Sports Network South is available on cable providers throughout Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. It is also available nationwide on satellite via DirecTV.
Middle Nodaway River
Middle Nodaway River is a stream in southwestern Iowa, in the United States. It is an indirect tributary to the Nodaway River via the West Nodaway River. It is 59.5 miles long. It is considered a major water source by the Iowa  DNR.

West Nodaway River
West Nodaway River is a stream in southwestern Iowa, in the United States. It is a tributary to the Nodaway River and is 73.5 miles long. It is considered the main tributary of the Nodaway River, and has historically and, to some degree presently, been known as the Nodaway River

The stream is monitored at two places, just east of  Clarinda and just southeast of  Massena and is considered a major water source by the Iowa  DNR.
Tennessee State Route 169
State Route 169 (SR 169), also known as Middlebrook Pike, is a west-to-east secondary highway in Knox County in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

The route is 11.7 miles (18.8 km) long.  Its western terminus is in west Knox County at SR 131 (Lovell Road/Ball Camp-Byington Road).  Its eastern terminus is in  Knoxville at SR 62 (Western Avenue).

Tennessee State Route 131
State Route 131 (SR 131) is a south-to-north highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee that is 68.8 miles (110.7 km) long. It is designated as a secondary route.

Local names for the roads followed by portions of the route are Lovell Road, Ball Camp-Byington Road, Beaver Ridge Road, Emory Road, Powell Drive, Tazewell Pike, Clinch Valley Road, and Mountain Valley Highway 131.
Baron Cantilupe
Baron Cantilupe (properly Cauntelo) was a title created in the peerage of England by writ on 29 December 1299 addressed to Willelmo de Canti Lupo or Cauntelo, (William de Cantilupe (1262-1308) of Greasley Castle in Nottinghamshire and of Ravensthorpe Castle in the parish of Boltby, North Yorkshire).

William de Cantilupe, 1st Baron Cantilupe
William de Cantilupe, 1st Baron Cantilupe (1262-1308) of Greasley Castle in Nottinghamshire and of Ravensthorpe Castle in the parish of Boltby, North Yorkshire, was created Baron Cantilupe in 1299 by King Edward I. He was one of the magnates who signed and sealed the Barons' Letter of 1301 to the pope and was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300, when his armorials were blazoned in Norman-French verse in the Caerlaverock Roll.
Akbar Khan (director)
Akbar Khan (born 7 July 1949) is an Indian actor, screenwriter, film producer and director. He is the youngest brother of the Indian actors, producers, editors and directors, Feroz Khan and Sanjay Khan.

Sanjay Khan
Sanjay Khan (born as Shah Abbas Ali Khan, 3 January 1940) is an Indian actor, businessman, producer and director known for his works in Hindi films and television. Sanjay Khan made his debut in Rajshri film Dosti (1964), which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi for that year, followed by Chetan Anand's Haqeeqat (1964).

Sanjay Khan starred in a series of hit movies like Dus Lakh (1966), Ek Phool Do Mali (1969), Intaquam (1969),  Dhund (1973) etc. He co-starred with his elder brother Feroz Khan in the films Upaasna (1971), Mela (1971) and Nagin (1976). He later turned producer and director with the films like Chandi Sona (1977) and Abdullah (1980). In 1990, he starred in and directed the famous historical drama television series The Sword of Tipu Sultan.
Charan Singh (spiritual leader)
Charan Singh (12 December 1916 – 1 June 1990), was the spiritual head of Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Dera Baba Jaimal Singh, after he was named successor by the preceding Beas guru Jagat Singh, in 1951. Charan Singh served as the guru for the Beas Dera for almost four decades, until his death from heart failure in 1990 at the age of 73. Before his appointment in 1951, he had practiced law in Hisar and Sirsa, India. He was an initiate of Sawan Singh's, who was his paternal grandfather and the predecessor of Jagat Singh. Charan Singh assigned the duties of his successor and Guru to his initiate and nephew Gurinder Singh.

Gurinder Singh
Gurinder Singh Dhillon, also known as Baba Ji to his followers, is the spiritual head of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB). He succeeded Charan Singh, his uncle, in 1990. The headquarters of this spiritual community, called Dera Baba Jaimal Singh, is located beside the river Beas near the town of Beas, Punjab, in northern India, and have been a centre for Satsang since 1891. RSSB has centres located worldwide.
HP Jornada
The Jornada was a line of personal digital assistants or PDAs manufactured by Hewlett-Packard. The Jornada was a broad product line that included Palm-Size PCs, Handheld PCs, and Pocket PCs. The first model was the 820, released in 1998, and the last was the 928 model in 2002 when Compaq and HP merged. The Jornada line was then succeeded by the more popular iPAQ model PDAs. All Jornada models ran Microsoft Operating Systems that were based on Windows CE.

IPAQ
The iPAQ is a discontinued line of Pocket PC devices produced from 2000 until 2010. It was first unveiled by Compaq in April 2000. iPAQ included PDA-devices, smartphones and GPS-navigators. A substantial number of devices were outsourced from Taiwanese HTC corporation.

Following Hewlett-Packard (HP)'s acquisition of Compaq, the product had been marketed by HP. The devices use a Windows Mobile interface. In addition to this, there are several Linux distributions that also operate on some of these devices. Earlier units were modular. Sleeve accessories were released called "jackets", which slide around the unit and add functionality such as a card reader, wireless networking, GPS, and extra batteries. Later versions of iPAQs have most of these features integrated into the base device itself, some including GPRS mobile telephony (SIM card slot and radio).
U.S. Route 177
U.S. Route 177 (US-177) is a spur of U.S. Route 77. It currently runs for 233 miles (375 km) from South Haven, Kansas at US-81 to Madill, Oklahoma at US-70. It passes through the states of Kansas and Oklahoma.

U.S. Route 70 in Oklahoma
U.S. Route 70 (abbreviated US-70) is a transcontinental U.S. highway extending from Globe, Arizona to Atlantic, North Carolina. Along the way, 289.81 miles (466.40 km) of its route passes through the state of Oklahoma. Entering the state south of Davidson, the highway serves Oklahoma's southern tier before exiting the state east of Broken Bow. It serves the cities of Ardmore, Durant, Hugo, and Idabel, as well as Tillman, Cotton, Jefferson, Carter, Marshall, Bryan, Choctaw, and McCurtain counties.

US-70 was first established in Oklahoma in 1926. The highway's initial path (which entered the state in Cotton County, further east than it does today) included several deviations from the present-day route, serving Walters and following a more northerly course between Ardmore and Madill. US-70 did not enter Tillman County until 1945. The modern route between Ardmore and Madill was not established until 1984 when it received the US-70 designation.
Mexican oil expropriation
The Mexican oil expropriation (Spanish: expropiación petrolera) was the nationalization of all petroleum reserves, facilities, and foreign oil companies in Mexico on March 18, 1938.  In accordance with Article 27 of the Constitution of 1917, President Lázaro Cárdenas declared that all mineral and oil reserves found within Mexico belong to the nation. The Mexican government established a state-owned petroleum company, Petróleos Mexicanos, or PEMEX.

For a short period, this measure caused an international boycott of Mexican products in the following years, especially by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, as well as large foreign oil companies who had expertise refining Mexican oil. However, with the outbreak of World War II and the alliance between Mexico and the Allies, the disputes with private companies over compensation were resolved. The anniversary, March 18, is now a Mexican civic holiday.

Pemex
Pemex (a portmanteau of Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates to Mexican Petroleum in English; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpemeks]) is the Mexican state-owned petroleum corporation managed and operated by the Mexican government. It was formed in 1938 by nationalization and expropriation of all private oil companies in Mexico at the time of its formation, making PEMEX an enduring symbol of Mexican nationalism. Pemex had total assets worth $101.8 billion in December 2019 and as of 2009 was Latin America's second largest enterprise by annual revenue, surpassed only by Petrobras (the Brazilian national oil company). The company is the seventh most polluting in the world according to The Guardian.
Nepenthes × merrilliata
Nepenthes × merrilliata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz mɛˌrɪliˈɑːtə/; a blend of merrilliana and alata) is a natural hybrid involving N. alata and N. merrilliana. Like its two parent species, it is endemic to the Philippines, but limited by the natural range of N. merrilliana to Samar as well as Mindanao and its offshore islands.

Nepenthes merrilliana
Nepenthes merrilliana (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz mɛˌrɪliˈɑːnə/; after Elmer Drew Merrill) is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines.  It produces some of the largest pitchers in the genus, rivalling those of N. rajah.

The species is native to northern and central Mindanao as well as neighbouring Dinagat and Samar. Its presence in southern Mindanao is uncertain. It inhabits coastal forest areas on steep slopes at elevations of 0–1,100 m above sea level.

Nepenthes surigaoensis is closely related to N. merrilliana and was for a long time considered a heterotypic synonym of this species. Nepenthes samar is another closely allied species.

A young plant with lower pitchers growing in an exposed site

A small lower pitcher from Dinagat

Illustration of N. merrilliana from Macfarlane's type description of 1911
Simon Gilbert (musician)
Simon Gilbert (born 23 May 1965) is an English drummer and member of the English band Suede, one of the 'Big Four' Britpop bands of the 1990s with Oasis, Blur and Pulp. Gilbert is the third-longest-serving member of Suede, and, with founders Brett Anderson and Mat Osman, appears on every Suede album.

Mat Osman
Mathew David Osman (born 9 October 1967) is an English musician and author, best known as the bassist in the rock band Suede. Osman and singer Brett Anderson are the only remaining founding members left in Suede, and perform along with drummer Simon Gilbert, who has appeared on many Suede albums. Osman is also a writer; he has written two novels and contributed to various publications. Osman's younger brother by four years is the presenter and author Richard Osman.
Logtun Church
Logtun Church (Norwegian: Logtun kirke) is a historic, medieval parish church of the Church of Norway in Frosta Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Logtun. It is one of the churches for the Frosta parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. It is a museum and historic cultural site that was gifted from the parish to the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments. The stone church was built in a long church style during the late 12th century by an unknown architect. The church was the main church for the parish of Frosta until the new Frosta Church was built nearby in 1866. After that, the church was not regularly used. During the 1950s, the church was restored and it is now used infrequently as a wedding venue and it holds some summer worship services.

Frosta Municipality
Frosta is the smallest municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre is the village of Alstad (also known as Frosta). Other villages in Frosta include Logtun, Nordfjæra, Småland, Sørgrenda, and Tautra. The municipality is located along the Trondheimsfjord, on the Frosta peninsula, northeast of the city of Trondheim. It also includes the island of Tautra which is connected to the mainland by a 2.5-kilometre (1.6 mi) causeway bridge.

The 76-square-kilometre (29 sq mi) municipality is the 338th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Frosta Municipality is the 247th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,645. The municipality's population density is 34.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (90/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Pierre Bullet
Pierre Bullet (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ bylɛ]; c. 1639 – 1716) was a French architect. He was one of the students of François Blondel and became a member of the Académie Royale d'Architecture in 1685. Among his works are the Château de Champs-sur-Marne and the Porte Saint-Martin.

François Blondel
François Blondel (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa blɔ̃dɛl]; c. 10 June 1618 – 21 January 1686) was a soldier, engineer of fortifications, mathematician, diplomat, military and civil engineer and architect, called "the Great Blondel", to distinguish him in a dynasty of French architects. He is remembered for his Cours d'architecture which remained a central text for over a century. His precepts placed him in opposition with Claude Perrault in the larger culture war known under the heading Querelle des anciens et des modernes. If François Blondel was not the most highly reputed among the académiciens of his day, his were the writings that most generally circulated among the general public, the Cours de Mathématiques, the Art de jetter les Bombes, the Nouvelle manière de fortifier les places and, above all his  Cours d'Architecture.
The Dig (2021 film)
The Dig is a 2021 British drama film directed by Simon Stone, based on the 2007 historical novel of the same name by John Preston, which reimagines the events of the 1939 excavation of Sutton Hoo in Suffolk, England. It stars Carey Mulligan, Ralph Fiennes, Lily James, Johnny Flynn, Ben Chaplin, Ken Stott, Archie Barnes, and Monica Dolan.

It had a limited release on 14 January 2021, followed by streaming on Netflix on 29 January 2021. The film received positive reviews from critics and received five nominations for the British Academy Film Awards, including Outstanding British Film.

The Dig (novel)
The Dig is a historical novel by John Preston, published in May 2007, set in the context of the 1939 Anglo-Saxon ship burial excavation at Sutton Hoo, Suffolk, England. The dust jacket describes it as "a brilliantly realized account of the most famous archaeological dig in Britain in modern times".

The author employs a degree of literary license so that the account in the book differs in various ways from the real events of the Sutton Hoo excavations.