hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great Valley, New York
42°12′52″N 78°38′11″W﻿ / ﻿42.21444°N 78.63639°W﻿ / 42.21444; -78.63639

Great Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,991 at the 2020 census. The town is named after its local geographical setting, a relative comparison of two tributaries (the other being the neighboring Little Valley) of the Allegheny River.

The town of Great Valley is centrally located in the county, northeast of the city of Salamanca.

Ellicottville, New York
Ellicottville is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,317 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Joseph Ellicott, principal land agent of the Holland Land Company.

The town of Ellicottville includes a village also called Ellicottville. The town is in the north-central part of the county, north of the city of Salamanca.
Bhasmajabala Upanishad
Bhasmajabala Upanishad (Sanskrit: भस्मजाबाल उपनिषत्) is one of the minor Shaiva Upanishads of Hinduism written in Sanskrit language. It is associated with the Atharvaveda.

The Bhasmajabala Upanishad, in a manner similar to Brihajjabala Upanishad and Akshamalika Upanishad describes Vibhuti (Bhasma) or sacred ash, and Rudraksha beads as symbols and for body art. The text describes how the ash and beads are to be produced, its application on the body. The importance of holy city of Varanasi and its Shiva temple are mentioned in the text.

Klaus Klostermaier classifies the text along with the Brihajjabala Upanishad, the Rudrakshajabala Upanishad, the Kalagni Rudra Upanishad and the Akshamalika Upanishad as Shaiva texts that explain symbolism of rites and objects of worship in Shaivism.

Brihajjabala Upanishad
The Brihajjabala Upanishad (Sanskrit: बृहज्जाबाल उपिनषद, Bṛhajjābāla) is one of the minor Upanishads, written in Sanskrit language. This Hindu text is attached to the Atharvaveda, and is one of 14 Shaiva Upanishads.

It describes the process of producing Vibhuti (Bhasma), or sacred ash, methods of using it for tilaka Tripundra on various parts of the body, and its meaning in Shaivism. The text also mentions Rudraksha as prayer beads.

Klaus Klostermaier classifies the Brihajjabala Upanishad along with the Bhasmajabala Upanishad, the Rudrakshajabala Upanishad, the Kalagni Rudra Upanishad and the Akshamalika Upanishad as Shaiva texts that explain symbolism of rites and objects of worship in Shaivism.

It is also spelled as Brihad jabala Upanishad, Brihajjabalopanishad and Brihat Jabala Upanishad.
Jack Quaid
Jack Henry Quaid (born April 24, 1992) is an American actor. The son of actors Meg Ryan and Dennis Quaid, he made his acting debut with a minor role in the dystopian film The Hunger Games (2012). Quaid was part of the main cast of the drama series Vinyl (2016) and had a supporting role in the film Logan Lucky (2017). His breakout role was as vigilante Hughie Campbell in the satirical superhero series The Boys (2019–present).

Quaid has voiced Bradward "Brad" Boimler in the series Star Trek: Lower Decks (2020–2024), and Superman in My Adventures with Superman (2023–present). He played Richie Kirsch in the slasher film Scream (2022) and physicist Richard Feynman in Oppenheimer (2023), and has since taken on starring roles in the films Companion and Novocaine (both 2025).

Brad Boimler
Bradward "Brad" Boimler (/ˈbɔɪmlər/) is a fictional character from the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Lower Decks. He is known for being ambitious while diligently following the rules of the service, and pleading excessively for his best friend, Ensign Beckett Mariner, an openly insubordinate ensign who regularly skirts the consequences, to do the same—although in the far future, Boimler is remembered for the Boimler Effect, a ship-wide mandate aboard the USS Cerritos encouraging breaking the rules, a distinction Boimler would not approve of. However, as the series progresses, Boimler eventually distinguishes himself as a courageous and resourceful officer of considerable command potential.

Boimler is voiced by Jack Quaid, who also reprises the role in a live-action crossover in "Those Old Scientists", an episode of the 2023 second season of Star Trek: Strange New Worlds.
Wabtec
Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation, commonly known as Wabtec, is an American company formed by the merger of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO) and MotivePower in 1999.  It is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Wabtec manufactures products for locomotives, freight cars and passenger transit vehicles, and builds new locomotives up to 6,000 horsepower (4 MW). It is a Fortune 500 company.

The company purchased GE Transportation on February 25, 2019.

MotivePower
MotivePower, Inc. (MPI) was an American manufacturer of diesel-electric locomotives. The company was founded as a division of Morrison-Knudsen (MK) in 1972. After MotivePower spun-off from MK, the company merged with the air brake manufacturer WABCO to form "Wabtec" in 1999, remaining as a brand of it.
Liu Yijun (guitarist)
Liu Yijun (Chinese: 刘义军 or 刘义君; pinyin: Líu Yìjūn), also known as Lao Wu (Chinese: 老五; pinyin: Lǎo Wǔ; lit. "Old Five") is a Chinese musician and artist, best known for his work as the former lead guitarist for seminal Chinese progressive metal band Tang Dynasty. He is often regarded as China's first guitar hero.

Tang Dynasty (band)
Tang Dynasty (Chinese: 唐朝; pinyin: Táng Cháo) is a Chinese rock band formed in 1989. They are often credited as being the first Chinese heavy metal band and the first band in Asia to fusion folk metal as well.
Barbara Gilmour
Barbara Gilmour (married name Barbara Dunlop; died 1732) was a significant figure in 17th century Ayrshire having introduced a method of cheese making which became common throughout Ayrshire and beyond, providing employment and extra income for farmers and others. She lived near Dunlop, a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland, lying between the village of Lugton and the town of Stewarton on the old turnpike road to Glasgow. Cheese made by her method became known as "Dunlop cheese".

Dunlop, East Ayrshire
Dunlop (/dʌnˈlɒp/; Scots: Dunlap, Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Lob or Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Lùib) is a village and parish in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It lies on the A735, north-east of Stewarton, seven miles (eleven kilometres) from Kilmarnock. The road runs on to Lugton and the B706 enters the village from Beith and Burnhouse.
Recurrent point
In mathematics, a recurrent point for a function f is a point that is in its own limit set by f. Any neighborhood containing the recurrent point will also contain (a countable number of) iterates of it as well.

Limit set
In mathematics, especially in the study of dynamical systems,  a limit set is the state a dynamical system reaches after an infinite amount of time has passed, by either going forward or backwards in time. Limit sets are important because they can be used to understand the long term behavior of a dynamical system. A system that has reached its limiting set is said to be at equilibrium.
2005 GP2 Series
The 2005 GP2 Series season was the thirty-ninth season of the second-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also first season under the GP2 Series moniker. The season started in Imola, Italy on 23 April, and ended in Sakhir, Bahrain on 30 September. The season was won by the German Nico Rosberg, with the Finn Heikki Kovalainen finishing second.

2005 was the first season of the newly renamed Formula One feeder series, from Formula 3000 to GP2. The inaugural season did not feature reigning F3000 champion Vitantonio Liuzzi, because the Italian was driving for Red Bull Racing in Formula One. The series did feature two former F1 drivers, Italians Gianmaria Bruni and Giorgio Pantano, driving for Coloni and SuperNova respectively.

Scuderia Coloni
Coloni Motorsport, also known as Scuderia Coloni, was an auto racing team from Italy. Founded by former racing driver Enzo Coloni in 1983, the team participated in Formula Three between 1983 and 1986, before racing in Formula One as Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems between 1987 and 1991. They made 82 attempts to take part in a Formula One race but only qualified 14 times. After exiting Formula One, under the management of Enzo Coloni's son Paolo, the team was successful in Formula Three, Formula 3000 and GP2. Between 2006 and 2009 the team ran under the name of Fisichella Motor Sport, with support from Formula One driver Giancarlo Fisichella and his manager Enrico Zanarini.
Lars Nedland
Lars Are Nedland (born 13 May 1976), known also as Lazare, from Kristiansand, Norway, is the vocalist, drummer, and keyboardist for acclaimed avant-garde black metal band Solefald. He is also co-lead vocalist and keyboardist for the heavy metal act Borknagar. He composes much of the music and all the arrangements for violin and cello on the Solefald albums, Red for Fire: An Icelandic Odyssey Part 1 and Black For Death: An Icelandic Odyssey Part 2. He also has written some lyrics for the band, including the songs "04.34 pm", "Fluorescent", and "White Frost Queen." He and vocalist/guitarist/bassist/main lyricist Cornelius Jakhelln started Solefald in August 1995.

An Icelandic Odyssey
An Icelandic Odyssey is a two-part concept album series by Norwegian avant-garde metal band Solefald. The first part, Red for Fire, was released on 18 October 2005, while the second part, Black for Death, was released on 24 November 2006. The band was quoted as saying "Solefald was experimenting when everybody was being true. Now that things are changing and that we've pushed the experiment quite far already, we wanted Red for Fire plus Black for Death to be our attempts at being 'true'. This will be a true Nordic Viking metal album."

Both albums could be considered a play on how Solefald describe their music, which is as "red music with black edges".
C. Vann Woodward
Comer Vann Woodward (November 13, 1908 – December 17, 1999) was an American historian who focused primarily on the American South and race relations.  He was long a supporter of the approach of Charles A. Beard, stressing the influence of unseen economic motivations in politics.

Woodward was on the left end of the history profession in the 1930s. By  the 1950s he was a leading liberal and supporter of civil rights. His book The Strange Career of Jim Crow makes the case that racial segregation was an invention of the late 19th century rather than an inevitable post-Civil-War development. After attacks on him by the New Left in the late 1960s, he moved to the right politically. He won a Pulitzer Prize for History for his annotated edition of Mary Chestnut's Civil War diaries.

J. Morgan Kousser
Joseph Morgan Kousser (born October 7, 1943) is an American history and social sciences professor at the California Institute of Technology. He has written about discrimination against African Americans.
Kaoru Mori
Kaoru Mori (森 薫, Mori Kaoru, born 18 September 1978) is a Japanese manga artist from Tokyo and the creator of the manga series Shirley, Emma, and A Bride's Story. Many of her works are centered on female characters in the 19th century, such as a maid in Victorian Britain and a bride in Turkic Central Asia.

A Bride's Story
A Bride's Story (Japanese: 乙嫁語り, Hepburn: Otoyomegatari) is a Japanese historical romance manga series written and illustrated by Kaoru Mori. It was first serialized in Enterbrain's Harta (formerly known as Fellows!) magazine from October 2008 to November 2020, after which it transferred to Kadokawa's Aokishi magazine in June 2021. Its serial chapters have been collected into fifteen bound volumes as of November 2024. Yen Press licensed the series for an English-language release in North America. As of December 2025, fifteen volumes have been published in English.

A Bride's Story won the Prix Intergénérations ("Intergenerational Award") at the Angoulême International Comics Festival in 2012, as well as the 7th Manga Taishō Award in 2014.
Jaya Chakrabarti
Jaya Chakrabarti (born April 1973) MBE is a data scientist, academic and business owner. She is the founder of TISC Report, a business ethics and anti-modern slavery company that contributed to the passing of the 2015 Modern Slavery Act.

Modern Slavery Act 2015
The Modern Slavery Act 2015 (c. 30) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is designed to combat modern slavery in the UK and consolidates previous offences relating to trafficking and slavery. The act extends essentially to England and Wales, but some provisions (for example, relating to modern slavery statements and cross-border pursuit) apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

The bill was introduced to the House of Commons in draft form in October 2013 by James Brokenshire, Parliamentary Under Secretary for Crime and Security. The bill's sponsors in the Home Office were Theresa May and Lord Bates. It received Royal Assent and became law on 26 March 2015.

James Brokenshire was quoted as saying that the act would "send the strongest possible message to criminals that if you are involved in this disgusting trade in human beings, you will be arrested, you will be prosecuted and you will be locked up".
Kondapalli Raja
Kondapalli Raja is a 1993 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty and produced by K. V. V. Satyanarayana under Saudhamini Creations. It stars Venkatesh, Nagma and Suman, with music composed by M. M. Keeravani. The film is a remake of the 1987 Hindi movie Khudgarz which in turn was based on Jeffrey Archer's 1979 novel Kane and Abel. This was the second Telugu remake of Khudgarz after Prana Snehithulu (1988). The film was successful at the box office.

Khudgarz
Khudgarz (transl. Selfish) is a  1987 Indian Hindi-language action drama film, produced and directed by Rakesh Roshan under the Film Kraft banner. It features an ensemble cast of Jeetendra, Shatrughan Sinha, Govinda, Bhanupriya, Amrita Singh and Neelam Kothari with music composed by Rajesh Roshan. The film marks the directorial debut of actor Rakesh Roshan.

The film was remade in Telugu in 1988 as Prana Snehithulu, in Tamil in 1992 as Annaamalai (which went on to be remade in Telugu in 1993 as Kondapalli Raja and in Kannada in 2003 as Gokarna). The film was based on Jeffrey Archer's 1979 novel Kane and Abel.
Michael Spurr
Michael Spurr, CB (born 20 September 1961) was the Chief Executive of HM Prison and Probation Service 2010–2019. He joined HM Prison Service in 1983 as a prison officer, before training to become a Governor a year later. He became Chief Executive of the National Offender Management Service in 2010 (later renamed HM Prison and Probation Service), retiring in 2019.

HM Prison and Probation Service
His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) responsible for the correctional services in England and Wales. It was created in 2004 as the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) by combining parts of both of the headquarters of the National Probation Service and His Majesty's Prison Service with some existing Home Office functions. In 2017, some of the agency's functions transferred to the Ministry of Justice and it received a new name.
Frecciarossa 1000
The Frecciarossa 1000 (also known as ETR 1000) is a high-speed train operated by Trenitalia in Italy and by Iryo in Spain. It was developed by a joint venture of Bombardier Transportation (now part of Alstom) and AnsaldoBreda (now Hitachi Rail Italy). With a design speed of up to 400 km/h (250 mph), it is among the fastest trains in commercial production in Europe, although operation in Italy is limited to 300 km/h (186 mph) due to infrastructure constraints.

Zefiro (train)
Zefiro is a family of high-speed passenger trains designed by Bombardier Transportation whose variants have top operating speeds of between 250 km/h (155 mph); 380 km/h (240 mph) and 400 km/h (250 mph).

The family was formerly offered as: the Zefiro 250, which has a top operating speed of 250 km/h (155 mph); the Zefiro V300, which has a top operating speed of 300 km/h (186 mph) and design speed up to 400 km/h (250 mph); and the Zefiro 380, which has a top operating speed of 350 km/h (220 mph) and design speed up to 380 km/h (240 mph).

The name Zefiro was no longer used for marketing shortly after Bombardier Transportation's acquisition by Alstom: as of 2024 the Zefiro 250, 380 and Express are instead referred to as Avelia Stream trains. The Zefiro Express with winter package was renamed to Avelia Stream Nordic.
1933 Chicago Bears season
The 1933 season was the Chicago Bears' 14th in the National Football League and the 11th season under head coach George Halas. The team was able to improve on their 7–1–6 record from 1932 and finished with a 10–2–1 record.

The Bears won their first six games while allowing only 33 points. In the middle of the season, the team struggled on the road, losing to Boston and New York and eking out a tie against the new Philadelphia Eagles franchise. After that, however, the Bears regained their winning ways, finishing the regular season with four consecutive wins, including two against Portsmouth, their foe in the indoor 1932 playoff game. The team won the newly established Western Division by 3½ games, and hosted and won the first ever NFL championship game.

1933 NFL Championship Game
The 1933 NFL Championship Play-off Game was the first scheduled championship game of the National Football League (NFL) since its founding in 1920. It was played on December 17 at Wrigley Field in Chicago, and the attendance was estimated at 25,000.

The game was between the champions of the league's newly created divisions: the Chicago Bears (10–2–1) of the Western Division and the New York Giants (11–3) of the Eastern Division. Chicago gained the home field due to a better winning percentage in the regular season; after this year the home field alternated, with the Eastern Division champion hosting in even-numbered years and the Western in odd.

Chicago scored the winning touchdown with less than two minutes to go in the fourth quarter, capping a 23–21 victory. It was the Bears' second consecutive championship and third under founder and head coach George Halas.
Remy Ma
Reminisce Kioni Smith (formerly Mackie; born May 30, 1980), known professionally as Remy Ma, is an American rapper. Discovered by the late rapper Big Pun, she came to prominence for her work as a member of Fat Joe's group, Terror Squad. Her debut solo album, There's Something About Remy: Based on a True Story (2006), sold 37,000 copies in its first week. Ma's most commercially successful songs include "Lean Back", "Conceited", and "All the Way Up".

She is one of five multi-time winners of the BET Award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist, which she won in 2005 and 2017. Ma is the recipient of two Vibe Awards, two Source Awards, and has been nominated for four Grammy Awards. From 2015 to 2020, she starred on VH1's reality series Love & Hip Hop: New York, alongside her ex-husband Papoose.

There's Something About Remy: Based on a True Story
There's Something About Remy: Based on a True Story is the debut studio album by American rapper Remy Ma. It was released on February 7, 2006, by SRC Records, Universal Records and Terror Squad Entertainment. The album's release date served as the sixth anniversary of her mentor Big Pun's death. The title and cover art coincides with the 1998 film There's Something About Mary.
Kashiwa mochi
Kashiwa mochi (Japanese: かしわ餅, 柏餅) is a wagashi (Japanese confection) of white mochi surrounding a sweet anko (red bean paste) filling with a kashiwa (oak) leaf wrapped around it. Unlike the cherry blossom leaf used in sakura mochi, the oak (kashiwa) leaf used in kashiwa mochi is not eaten and used only to symbolize the prosperity of one's descendants.

Mochi
Mochi (/ˈmoʊtʃiː/ MOH-chee; Japanese もち, 餅 [motɕi] ⓘ) is a Japanese rice cake made of mochigome (もち米), a short-grain japonica glutinous rice, and sometimes other ingredients such as water, sugar, and cornstarch. The steamed rice is pounded into paste and molded into the desired shape. In Japan, it is traditionally made in a ceremony called mochitsuki (餅搗き). While eaten year-round, mochi is a traditional food for the Japanese New Year, and is commonly sold and eaten during that time.

Mochi is made up of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, and water. Mochi has a varied structure of amylopectin gel, starch grains, and air bubbles. In terms of starch content, the rice used for mochi is very low in amylose and has a high amylopectin level, producing a gel-like consistency. The protein content of the japonica rice used to make mochi is higher than that of standard short-grain rice.

Mochi is similar to dango, which is made with rice flour instead of pounded rice grains.
Ken Hill (playwright)
Ken Hill (28 January 1937 – 23 January 1995) was an English playwright and theatre director.

Ken Hill was a protégé of Joan Littlewood at Theatre Workshop. He was known for his chaotic musicals on the tiny stage of the old Theatre Royal Stratford East, Theatre Workshop's home in Stratford, London, but he also had hits in the West End and abroad. Among them were The Invisible Man and the original stage version of Phantom of the Opera, which inspired Andrew Lloyd Webber to create his musical blockbuster of the same title.

Theatre Royal Stratford East
Stratford East, formerly known as Theatre Royal Stratford East, is a 460-seat Victorian producing theatre in Stratford in the London Borough of Newham. Since 1953, it has been the home of the Theatre Workshop company, famously associated with director Joan Littlewood, whose statue is outside the theatre.
Chain-link fencing
A chain-link fence (also referred to as wire netting, wire-mesh fence, chain-wire fence, cyclone fence, hurricane fence, or diamond-mesh fence) is a type of woven fence usually made from galvanized or linear low-density polyethylene-coated steel wire.  The wires run vertically and are bent into a zigzag pattern so that each "zig" hooks with the wire immediately on one side and each "zag" with the wire immediately on the other.  This forms the characteristic diamond pattern seen in this type of fence.

Wire
A wire is a flexible, round bar of metal. Wires are commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number or cross-sectional area.

Wires are used to bear mechanical loads, often in the form of wire rope. In electricity and telecommunications signals, wire can refer to electrical cable, which can contain a solid core of a single wire or separate strands in stranded or braided forms.

Usually cylindrical in geometry, wire can also be made in square, hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers. Edge-wound coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made of special flattened wire.
2015 incidents of lead in drinking water in Hong Kong
Samples of potable water in Hong Kong were found to contain excessive levels of heavy metals including lead, nickel and cadmium in 2015. Such discoveries of contamination caused widespread crisis within the city.

The scandal began in June 2015 when the Democratic Party announced that testing of drinking water at Kai Ching Estate in Kowloon revealed lead contamination. The Hong Kong Housing Authority subsequently confirmed that the levels of lead exceeded the standard established by the World Health Organization. Since the initial discovery at Kai Tak, lead contamination of drinking water has been found at numerous other housing estates, schools, and public buildings across Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Housing Authority
The Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) is the main provider of public housing in Hong Kong. It was established in April 1973 under the Housing Ordinance and is an agency of the Government of Hong Kong. In the same year, the Resettlement Department and the Building Section of the Urban Services Department were merged to form the Housing Department, which acts as the Housing Authority's executive body.