hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beach 105th Street station
The Beach 105th Street station (signed as the Beach 105th Street–Seaside station) is a local station on the IND Rockaway Line of the New York City Subway, located at Beach 105th Street on the Rockaway Freeway in Queens. It is served by the Rockaway Park Shuttle at all times and ten daily rush-hour only A trains.

Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station
The Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station is the western terminal station on the IND Rockaway Line of the New York City Subway, located on Beach 116th Street near Rockaway Beach Boulevard in Rockaway Beach, Queens. It is served by the Rockaway Park Shuttle at all times and ten daily rush-hour only A trains. There is also a New York City Police Department (NYPD) transit precinct at the station.
Susan Bertie, Countess of Kent
Susan Bertie (born 1554) was the daughter of Catherine, Duchess of Suffolk, née Willoughby, by her second husband, Richard Bertie. Susan was the noblewoman memorialized by poet Emilia Lanier (née Aemilia Bassano) at the beginning of the Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum (1611) as the "daughter of the Duchess of Suffolk." At sixteen years of age, Susan Bertie married Reginald Grey of Wrest, who was later restored as the fifth Earl of Kent following her mother's intervention. At age 19 her husband died. In 1578, she acted as chief mourner for her lifetime friend Lady Mary Grey at her funeral. In 1581 aged 27, she remarried to John Wingfield.

Emilia Lanier
Emilia Lanier (née Aemilia Bassano; 1569–1645) was an English writer and poet during the Elizabethan period. Her 1611 volume Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum (Hail, God, King of the Jews) has been seen as protofeminist.  She has a strong claim to be one of the first commercially-published women poets writing in the English language.

Lanier was a contemporary of William Shakespeare, and attempts have been made to identify her with Shakespeare's "Dark Lady" or even with Shakespeare himself. These ideas have inspired several works of fiction with Lanier as a character.
Kulabdam Sor.Jor.Piek-U-Thai
Somboon Meesitdee (Thai: สมบูรณ์ มีสิทธิ์ดี; born September 24, 1998), known professionally as Kulabdam Sor.Jor.Piek-U-Thai (Thai: กุหลาบดำ ส.จ.เปี๊ยกอุทัย), is a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter and boxer.

Muangthai P.K. Saenchaimuaythaigym
Thanousin Jaroendee (Thai: ธนูศิลป์ เจริญดี; born 27 March 1994), known professionally as Muangthai P.K. Saenchaimuaythaigym (Thai: เมืองไทย พี.เค.แสนชัยมวยไทยยิม), is a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter currently signed to ONE Championship. He is a former Lumpinee Stadium Light Flyweight Champion who is known for his relentless pressure and vicious elbows.
Semyon Yanovsky
Semyon Ivanovich Yanovsky (Russian: Семён Иванович Яновский; April 15, 1789 – January 6, 1876) was a Russian naval officer who was appointed in late 1818 as Chief Manager of the Russian-American Company, serving into 1820. He had traveled to Kodiak Island with his commanding officer, Ludwig von Hagemeister, who appointed him to the post. The Russian-American Company conducted trading and colonization based in present-day Alaska. Yanovsky was replaced in 1820 by Matvey Ivanovich Muravyev, who had been selected by the Board of the RAC.

Weeks after the naval party reached Kodiak Island in 1817, Yanovsky married Irina Baranova, daughter of Alexander Andreyevich Baranov, the Chief Manager of the RAC since 1799. She was half-Aleut.

Ludwig von Hagemeister
Ludwig Karl August von Hagemeister (Russian: Лео́нтий Андриа́нович Гагеме́йстер, romanized: Leontiy Andrianovich Gagemeyster; 16 June [O.S. 5] 1780 – 3 January [O.S. 22 December 1833] 1834) was a Russian naval officer who held the rank of Captain of the 1st rank in the Imperial Russian Navy. He was a maritime explorer of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean, and served briefly in 1817-1818 as the second Chief Manager of the Russian-American Company.
Silas Dodu
Silas Rofino Amu Dodu, MRCP(Lond), FGA (11 December 1924 – 2007) was a Ghanaian physician and academic. He was a professor of medicine, the second Dean at the University of Ghana Medical School and a pioneer cardiologist in Ghana. He and others have been described as pioneers of the medical profession in Ghana.

University of Ghana Medical School
The University of Ghana Medical School also UGMS is the medical school of Ghana's first public research institution, the University of Ghana. It is currently located at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra. The medical school was first planned in 1919, but took its first students in 1962.
Murphy, North Carolina
Murphy is a town in and the county seat of Cherokee County, North Carolina, United States. It is situated at the confluence of the Hiwassee and Valley rivers. It is the westernmost county seat in the state of North Carolina, approximately 360 miles (580 km) from the state capital in Raleigh. The population of Murphy was 1,608 at the 2020 census.

Valley River
The Valley River is a tributary of the Hiwassee River. It arises as a pair of springs in the Snowbird Mountains of Cherokee County, North Carolina and descends 2,960 feet (900 m) in elevation in approximately forty miles (64 km) to enter the Hiwassee embayment at present-day Murphy, North Carolina.

The Valley River flows generally southwest. US 19 runs parallel to it between Topton and Murphy, North Carolina, where it crosses the river via a small bridge. The river has a total watershed of  120 m2 (11.15km2)
Mangrove (film)
Mangrove is a 2020 historical legal drama film directed by British director Steve McQueen and co-written by McQueen and Alastair Siddons, about the Mangrove restaurant in west London and the 1971 trial of the Mangrove Nine. It stars Letitia Wright, Shaun Parkes, Malachi Kirby, Rochenda Sandall, Alex Jennings and Jack Lowden.

The film was released as part of the anthology series Small Axe on BBC One on 15 November 2020 and Amazon Prime Video on 20 November 2020. It premiered as the opening film at the 58th New York Film Festival on 24 September 2020.

The Mangrove
The Mangrove was a Caribbean restaurant in Notting Hill, London, England. It was founded in 1968 and run by civil rights activist Frank Crichlow, eventually closing in 1992. It is known for the trial of a group of British black activists dubbed "the Mangrove Nine", who were tried for inciting a riot at a 1970 protest against the police targeting the restaurant.
Credit spread (options)
In finance, a credit spread, or net credit spread is an options strategy that involves a purchase of one option and a sale of another option in the same class and expiration but different strike prices. It is designed to make a profit when the spreads between the two options narrows.

Investors receive a net credit for entering the position, and want the spreads to narrow or expire for profit. In contrast, an investor would have to pay to enter a debit spread. In this context, "to narrow" means that the option sold by the trader is in the money at expiration, but by an amount that is less than the net premium received, in which event the trade is profitable but by less than the maximum that would be realized if both options of the spread were to expire worthless.

Debit spread
In finance, a debit spread, a.k.a. net debit spread, results when an investor simultaneously buys an option with a higher premium and sells an option with a lower premium. The investor is said to be a net buyer and expects the premiums of the two options (the options spread) to widen.
Mearns FM
Mearns FM is a community run radio station based in Kincardineshire, also known as the Mearns. There are transmitters in Laurencekirk, Inverbervie, Stonehaven and Portlethen leading to a coverage area stretching from St Cyrus to Aberdeen.  The studio is located in Stonehaven.

NECR
NECR (short for North East Community Radio) was a broadcast radio station based in Kintore, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. NECR was awarded an Independent Local Radio Licence in 1993 and started broadcasting in June 1994. The station was a totally independent radio station and was accountable to a small local board of directors. NECR broadcast from a studio on School Road in Kintore (8 miles (13 km) north west of Aberdeen). The studio was referred to on air and in the address as "the very nice shed" or "the shed". NECR served an area of some 7,000 square miles (18,000 km2) in the North East of Scotland.

The station announced on air that it would be closing at midnight on 15 August 2018 as a result of difficult trading conditions.
Una-Una
Una-Una (Indonesian: Pulau Una-Una) is an Indonesian island, part of the Togian Islands in the Gulf of Tomini.

Una-Una is a small volcanic island created by the Colo volcano. Its vegetation primarily consists of coconut trees. It forms the Una-Una District (kecamatan) within the Tojo Una-Una Regency in the Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. 
Most of the island was devastated by pyroclastic flows following an eruption of the volcano in 1983.  	It covers a land area of 146.16 km2 and had 8,395 inhabitants living in 11 villages (desa) in mid 2024.

Una-Una is surrounded by thriving reefs home to large schools of fish. It has been known as a location for scuba-diving since the 1990s.

Mount Colo
Colo is a stratovolcano in Indonesia. It forms the small island of Una-Una at the middle of the Gulf of Tomini, the northern part of Sulawesi. The volcano is broad and has a low profile with only 507 metres (1,663 ft) above the sea level. It contains a 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide caldera with a small volcanic cone inside. Only three eruptions have been recorded in the history with two of them causing damage.
John of Legnano
John of Legnano (Italian: Giovanni da Legnano; c. 1320 – February 1383) was an Italian jurist, a canon lawyer at the University of Bologna and the most prominent defender of Pope Urban VI at the outbreak of the Western Schism.

Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI (Latin: Urbanus VI; Italian: Urbano VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (Italian pronunciation: [bartoloˈmɛːo priɲˈɲaːno]), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death, in October 1389. He was the last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals. His pontificate began shortly after the end of the Avignon Papacy. It was marked by immense conflict between rival factions as a part of the Western Schism, with much of Europe, such as France, the Iberian Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, and Scotland recognizing Clement VII, based in Avignon, as the true pope.
Peter Julian Eymard
Peter Julian Eymard S.S.S. (French: Pierre-Julien Eymard [pjɛʁ ʒyljɛ̃ ɛjmɑʁ]; 4 February 1811 – 1 August 1868) was a French Catholic priest, saint and founder of two religious institutes: the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament for men and the Servants of the Blessed Sacrament for women.

Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
The Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament (Latin: Congregatio Sanctissimi Sacramenti), commonly known as the Sacramentinos, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men, founded by Peter Julian Eymard. Its members use the postnominal letters S.S.S. They assist the Church in her efforts to form Christian communities whose center of life is the Eucharist. They commit themselves to the implementation of this ideal in collaboration with lay men and women engaged in various ministries.
Kiva
A kiva (also estufa) is a space used by Puebloans for rites and political meetings, many of them associated with the kachina belief system. Among the modern Hopi and most other Pueblo peoples, "kiva" refers to a large, circular, underground room used for spiritual ceremonies and as a place of worship.

Similar subterranean rooms are found among ruins in the Southwestern United States, indicating uses by the ancient peoples of the region, including the ancestral Puebloans, the Mogollon culture, and the Hohokam. Those used by the ancient Pueblos of the Pueblo I period and following, designated by the Pecos Classification system developed by archaeologists, were usually round and evolved from simpler pit-houses. For the Ancestral Puebloans, these rooms are believed to have served a variety of functions, including domestic residence, social, and ceremonial purposes.

Kachina
A kachina (/kəˈtʃiːnə/; Hopi: katsina [kaˈtsʲina], plural katsinim [kaˈtsʲinim]) is a spirit being in the religious beliefs of the Pueblo peoples, Native American cultures located in the southwestern part of the United States. In Pueblo cultures, kachina rites are practiced by the Hopi, Hopi-Tewa and Zuni peoples and certain Keres peoples, as well as in most Puebloans in New Mexico.

The kachina concept has three different aspects: the supernatural being, the kachina dancers, and kachina dolls (small dolls carved in the likeness of the kachina, that are given only to those who are, or will be responsible for the respectful care and well-being of the doll, such as a mother, wife, or sister).
Bay County Library System
The Bay County Library System (BCLS), is a public library system serving Bay County, Michigan. It contains four libraries and one bookmobile. The headquarters library, the Alice & Jack Wirt Public Library is located in Bay City, Michigan. The historic Sage Library is a part of this library system.

Sage Library
The Sage Library is a historical structure located on 100 E. Midland St in Bay City, Michigan. The library had its grand opening on January 16, 1884 and was constructed by Henry W. Sage as a gift to Bay City.  It is operated as a public library by the Bay County Library System. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is the oldest continually operated library building in the state of Michigan.
Bospoort Dam
Bospoort Dam is a gravity/earth-fill type dam on the Hex River, a tributary of the Elands River, part of the Crocodile River (Limpopo) basin. It is located near Rustenburg, North West, South Africa. Its primary purpose is for irrigation.

Rustenburg
Rustenburg (/ˈrʌstənbɜːrɡ/; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈrœstənbœrχ], Afrikaans and Dutch: City of Rest) is a city at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Rustenburg is the most populous city in North West province, South Africa (549,575 in 2011 and 626,522 in the 2016 census). In 2017, the city's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached ZAR 63.8 billion, accounting for 21.1% of the GDP of the North West Province, and 1.28% of the GDP of South Africa.  Rustenburg was one of the official host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, being in close proximity to Phokeng, the capital of the Royal Bafokeng Nation, where the Royal Bafokeng Stadium is located. The England national football team also used this as their base camp for the tournament.
Harrow Road
Harrow Road is an ancient route in north west London which runs from Paddington in a northwesterly direction towards Harrow. It is also the name given to the immediate surrounding area of Queens Park and Kensal Green, straddling the NW10, W10, W2 and W9 postcodes. With minor deviations in the 19th and 20th centuries, the route remains otherwise unaltered.

Harrow Road is a ward of the City of Westminster. The population of this ward at the 2021 Census was 11,381.

Paddington
Paddington is an area in the City of Westminster, in central London, England. A medieval parish then a metropolitan borough of the County of London, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Paddington station, designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel opened in 1847. It is also the site of St Mary's Hospital and the former Paddington Green Police Station.

Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land.  Districts within Paddington are Maida Vale, Westbourne and Bayswater including Lancaster Gate.
Jesse Evans Gang
The Jesse Evans Gang, also known as The Boys, was a gang of rustlers and robbers led by outlaw and gunman Jesse Evans, which lasted from 1876 until 1880. The gang was formed after Evans broke with the John Kinney Gang. After breaking away, he brought along with him Billy Morton, Frank Baker, Tom Hill, Dolly Graham, George Davis, Jim McDaniels, Buffalo Bill Spawn, Bob Martin, Manuel "Indian" Segovia and Nicholas Provencio.

Jesse Evans
Jesse Evans (c. 1853 — disappeared 1882) was an American outlaw and gunman of the Old West, and the leader of the Jesse Evans Gang. He received some attention due to his disappearance in 1882, after which he was never seen or heard from again. Commentators speculated that Evans was living in Florida under the name Joe Hines in 1948, though no definitive proof was ever provided; and, he is presumed dead.
George Hedley (footballer, born 1876)
George Albert Hedley (20 July 1876 –  16 August 1942) was a professional footballer who won the 1902 and 1908 FA Cup finals with Sheffield United and Wolverhampton Wanderers respectively, scoring in both.

He was born in South Bank, Middlesbrough.

Between 1903 and 1906 he was with Southern League Southampton, where he was top scorer in 1904-05 (jointly with Edgar Bluff) with ten league goals. Hedley made one appearance for England, scoring against Ireland in the 1901-02 British Home Championship.

He was also manager at Bristol City from 1913 to 1915, later becoming a publican in Bristol.

1908 FA Cup final
The 1908 FA Cup final was contested by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Newcastle United at Crystal Palace Park. Newcastle had just finished fourth in the First Division during this season, after winning the league in 1906–07.  This was their third FA Cup final appearance in four years (although they had yet to win). Their 6–0 thrashing of Fulham in the semi-final is a record win for a semi-final. By contrast, Wolves had finished ninth in the Second Division.

Nevertheless, Wolves upset the odds by winning the match 3–1, with goals by Kenneth Hunt, George Hedley and Billy Harrison. James Howey scored the Magpies' reply. The Lord Mayor of London, Sir John Bell, then handed the trophy to Wolves' Billy Wooldridge.
Ascanio Luciano
Ascanio Luciano or Ascanio Luciani (1621 – 18 August 1706) was an Italian architectural painter who was active during the Baroque period. He is known for his architectural paintings, capricci, compositions with figures among ruins, and some vedute. He worked in Naples throughout his career. He is regarded as playing an important hinge role in the genre of architectural capricci between leading founders of the genre such as Viviano Codazzi and François de Nomé and the 18th-century specialists of the genre.

Architectural painting
Architectural painting (also Architecture painting) is a form of genre painting where the predominant focus lies on architecture, including both outdoor and interior views. While architecture was present in many of the earliest paintings and illuminations, it was mainly used as background or to provide rhythm to a painting. In the Renaissance, architecture was used to emphasize the perspective and create a sense of depth, like in Masaccio's Holy Trinity from the 1420s.

In Western art, architectural painting as an independent genre developed in the 16th century in Flanders and the Netherlands, and reached its peak in 16th and 17th century Dutch painting. Later, it developed in a tool for Romantic paintings, with e.g. views of ruins becoming very popular. Closely related genres are architectural fantasies and trompe-l'oeils, especially illusionistic ceiling painting, and cityscapes.
Mejiro University
Mejiro University (目白大学, Mejiro Daigaku) is a private university in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1923, it was chartered as a women's junior college in 1963, and expanded into a four-year university in 1994. The institution also has facilities in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, including the Iwatsuki Campus and the National Saitama Hospital Campus.

Shinjuku
Shinjuku (Japanese: 新宿区, Hepburn: Shinjuku-ku; IPA: [ɕiɲdʑɯkɯ] ⓘ), officially called Shinjuku City, is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

Since the end of World War II, Shinjuku has become a major secondary center of Tokyo (fukutoshin), rivaling the original city center in Marunouchi. Today, it is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administrative center of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

As of 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 355,981, living in a total area of 18.23 km2.
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Sultanpur Express
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus – Sultanpur Superfast Express is a Weekly Superfast express train of the Indian Railways connecting Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Mumbai in Maharashtra and Sultanpur Junction of Uttar Pradesh. It is currently being operated with 12143/12144 train numbers on Weekly basis.

Lokmanya Tilak Terminus
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus (also known by its former name Kurla Terminus, station code: LTT) is a railhead and a major railway terminus in the Kurla suburb of Mumbai, India. LTT is managed by the Central Railway. The Kurla and Tilak Nagar suburban railway stations are located nearby. It is one of the five railway terminals within Mumbai, the others being Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Dadar (Central) on the Central line, and Mumbai Central, Dadar (Western) and Bandra Terminus on the Western line.
Hondaria
Hondaria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Collemataceae. It contains the species Hondaria leptospora, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen. This lichen was previously classified under the genus Collema, and later Arctomia, but molecular research combined with morphological analysis indicates that it forms a distinct genus. Named in honour of Dr. Neli Kika Honda, a researcher of lichen chemistry, Hondaria leptospora is notable for its long, thin, transversely-septate ascospores, the longest within its family. The species is found predominantly in the west-central regions of Brazil near the borders with Bolivia and Paraguay.

Arctomia
Arctomia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arctomiaceae. The genus was established in 1860 by the Swedish lichenologist Theodor Magnus Fries, and species of Arctomia are mainly distributed in circumpolar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. A comprehensive molecular study published in 2025 confirmed that the genus forms a distinct evolutionary lineage within its family. Species typically grow as thin, reddish-brown to blackish crusts on plant debris, mosses, or tree bark in cold northern regions, with their distribution ranging from the Arctic tundra to boreal forests and alpine heaths. The thallus contains cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc as the photosynthetic partner, giving the lichen a slightly glossy, gelatinous texture when wet. Most species produce minute disc-shaped fruiting bodies containing elongated, many-celled ascospores.
Litchfield, Connecticut
Litchfield is a town in and former county seat of Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 8,192 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region. The boroughs of Bantam and Litchfield are located within the town. There are also three unincorporated villages: East Litchfield, Milton, and Northfield. Northfield, located in the southeastern corner of Litchfield, is home to a high percentage of the Litchfield population.

Bantam, Connecticut
Bantam is a borough in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 720 at the 2020 census. It is part of the town of Litchfield.

On July 10, 1989, many of the buildings in Bantam were heavily damaged by a tornado that ripped through Litchfield and New Haven Counties. The storm also caused considerable damage to the Litchfield County town of Thomaston, and to the New Haven County towns of Waterbury, Hamden and North Haven.