hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Autonomic networking
Autonomic networking follows the concept of Autonomic Computing, an initiative started by IBM in 2001. Its ultimate aim is to create self-managing networks to overcome the rapidly growing complexity of the Internet and other networks and to enable their further growth, far beyond the size of today.

Autonomic computing
Autonomic computing (AC) is distributed computing resources with self-managing characteristics, adapting to unpredictable changes while hiding intrinsic complexity to operators and users. Initiated by IBM in 2001, this initiative ultimately aimed to develop computer systems capable of self-management, to overcome the rapidly growing complexity of computing systems management, and to reduce the barrier that complexity poses to further growth.
Retention uniformity
Retention uniformity, or RU, is a concept in thin layer chromatography. It is designed for the quantitative measurement of equal-spreading of the spots on the chromatographic plate and is one of the chromatographic response functions.

Chromatographic response function
Chromatographic response function, often abbreviated to CRF, is a coefficient which measures the quality of the separation in the result of a chromatography.

The CRF concept have been created during the development of separation optimization, to compare the quality  of many simulated or real chromatographic separations.  Many CRFs have been proposed and discussed.

In high performance liquid chromatography the CRF is calculated from various parameters of the peaks of solutes (like width, retention time, symmetry etc.) are considered into the calculation. In TLC the CRFs are based on the placement of the spots, measured as RF values.
En (typography)
An en (from English en quadrat) is a typographic unit, half of the width of an em.  By definition, it is equivalent to half of the body height of the typeface (e.g., in 16-point type it is 8 points). The en is sometimes referred to as the "nut", to avoid confusion with the similar-sounding "em".

The en dash (–) and en space ( ) are each one en wide. In English, the en dash is commonly used for inclusive ranges (e.g., "pages 12–17" or "August 7, 1988 – November 26, 2005"), to connect prefixes to open compounds (e.g., "pre–World War II").

The en-dash is also increasingly used to replace the long dash ("—", also called an em dash or em rule). When using it to replace a long dash, spaces are needed either side of it – like so. This is standard practice in the German language, where the hyphen is the only dash without spaces on either side (line breaks are not spaces per se).

Dash
The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the en dash –, generally longer than the hyphen but shorter than the minus sign; the em dash —, longer than either the en dash or the minus sign; and the horizontal bar ―, whose length varies across typefaces but tends to be between those of the en and em dashes.

Typical uses of dashes are to mark a break in a sentence, to set off an explanatory remark—similar to parentheses—or to show spans of time or ranges of values.

The em dash is sometimes used as a leading character to identify the source of a quoted text.
Northern sportive lemur
The northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis), also known as the Sahafary sportive lemur or northern weasel lemur, is a species of lemur in the family Lepilemuridae. It is endemic to Madagascar. As a result of severe ecological and human pressures, the lemur is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) by the IUCN Red List.

Sportive lemur
The sportive lemurs are the medium-sized primates that make up the family Lepilemuridae. The family consists of only one extant genus, Lepilemur. They are closely related to the other lemurs and exclusively live on the island of Madagascar. For a time, this family was named Megaladapidae, but the current name was given precedence since the extinct genus Megaladapis was removed from the family.
Skoger
Skoger is a village in Drammen Municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The village is located just north of the Vestfold county border, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the centre of the town of Drammen. The villages of Klever and Eikeberg are located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the south and the village of Sande i Vestfold is located about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) to the south.

The 0.81-square-kilometre (200-acre) village had a population (2012) of 1,206 and a population density of 1,489 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,860/sq mi). Since 2012, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway and it has been considered a suburban part of the urban town of Drammen.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
George Young (rock musician)
George Redburn Young (6 November 1946 – 22 October 2017) was an Australian musician, songwriter and record producer. He was a founding member of the bands The Easybeats and Flash and the Pan, and was one-half of the songwriting and production duo Vanda & Young with his long-time musical collaborator Harry Vanda, with whom he co-wrote the international hits "Friday on My Mind" and "Love Is in the Air", the latter recorded by John Paul Young (who is unrelated).

Born in Glasgow, Young moved to Sydney, Australia with his family as a teenager, and became a naturalised citizen. He was also one of the producers of early work by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC, formed by his younger brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Young (along with Vanda) was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1988 and The Easybeats were inducted in 2005.

Malcolm Young
Malcolm Mitchell Young (6 January 1953 – 18 November 2017) was an Australian musician who was a founding member of the hard rock band AC/DC. Young was a rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and backing vocalist in the band. Except for a brief absence in 1988, Young was a member of AC/DC from its formation in 1973 until his retirement in 2014. As a member of AC/DC, Young was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2023, Rolling Stone named Young and his younger brother and fellow AC/DC member Angus Young the 38th-best guitarists of all time.
Paris Descartes University
Paris Descartes University (French: Université Paris 5 René Descartes), also known as Paris V, was a French public university located in Paris. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 universities in 1970. Paris Descartes completely merged with Paris Diderot University in 2019 to form a new Paris Cité University.

It was established as a multidisciplinary university "of humanities and health sciences" ("des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Santé". It focused on the areas of medical sciences, biomedical sciences, law, computer science, social sciences, economics and psychology.

Its main campus was in the historic École de Chirurgie in the 6th arrondissement of Paris.

École de Médecine (building)
The École de Médecine (French pronunciation: [ekɔl də medəsin], "School of Medicine"), or formerly the École de Chirurgie ([-ʃiʁyʁʒi], "Academy of Surgery"), is an academic and historic building of the Paris Cité University, located on the Latin Quarter campus, at 10–12 rue de l'École-de-Médecine in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. The building was the headquarters and main campus of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris from 1795 to 1971. Today it is the head office of the Paris Cité University.

The building gave its name to the current rue de l'École-de-Médecine, formerly rue des Cordeliers.
Thiopyrylium
Thiopyrylium is a cation with the chemical formula C5H5S+. It is analogous to the pyrylium cation with the oxygen atom replaced by a sulfur atom.

Thiopyrylium salts are less reactive than the analogous pyrylium salts due to the higher polarizability of the sulfur atom. Among the chalcogenic 6-membered unsaturated heterocycles, thiopyrylium is the most aromatic, due to sulfur having the similar Pauling electronegativity as carbon and only a slightly higher covalent radius. In water, thiopyrylium reacts to it and forms a mixture of 2-hydroxythiopyran and 4-hydroxythiopyran.

Thiopyrylium salts can be synthesized by hydrogen abstraction from thiopyran by a hydride ion acceptor, such as trityl perchlorate.

The thiopyrylium analogue of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrylium salts can be synthesized by treatment with sodium sulfide followed by precipitation with acid. This reaction causes the oxygen atom in the pyrylium cation to be substituted with sulfur.

Pyrylium
Pyrylium is a cation (positive ion) with formula C5H5O+, consisting of a six-membered ring of five carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom, and one positively charged oxygen atom. The bonds in the ring are conjugated as in benzene, giving it an aromatic character. In particular, because of the positive charge, the oxygen atom is trivalent.  Pyrilium is a mono-cyclic and heterocyclic compound, one of the oxonium ions.
2019 Rugby World Cup – Asia qualification
Qualifying for the 2019 Rugby World Cup for Asia Rugby began in May 2016 and ended in early June 2018, where the winner of the qualification process advanced to a cross-regional play-off series against the winner of Round 2 of the Oceania qualification process in June 2018.

2019 Rugby World Cup – play-off qualifications
For the 2019 Rugby World Cup, there were several play-off matches during the qualification process in order to determine which nations would compete in the Repechage. Canada, who failed to be one of the three teams to advance from the Americas qualification process, despite being the third highest ranked team in the Americas, emerged from the repechage process in November 2018 to become the final team to qualify for the World Cup.
Irrawang High School
Irrawang High School is a government-funded co-educational secondary day school, located on Mount Hall Road, Raymond Terrace, in the Port Stephens region of New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1983, the school has a teaching staff of 80 and enrolled approximately 830 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom 17 percent were Indigenous Australians and four percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Nicole Huxley.

One of two public secondary schools in the area, the school draws students from Raymond Terrace, Medowie and other outlying areas.

The school's mascot is a koala named 'PBL Pete,' after the NSW Positive Behaviour for Learning framework, a Florida Man who also attends the school.

Hunter River High School
Hunter River High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located adjacent to the Hunter River, in Heatherbrae, south of Raymond Terrace, in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia.

Established as Raymond Terrace High School, the school enrolled approximately 800 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom 19 percent identified as Indigenous Australians and four percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Sue Xenos.

The school's traditional motto appears on the school's crest and is in French: Essayez, translated as "Test yourself". The school's second motto, or slogan, is "Quality Relationships – Quality Learning".
Interstate 77 in West Virginia
Interstate 77 (I-77) in the US state of West Virginia is a major north–south Interstate Highway. It extends for 187.21 miles (301.29 km) between Bluefield at the Virginia state line and Williamstown at the Ohio state line.

The highway serves Charleston, the capital and largest city in West Virginia; it also serves the cities of Princeton, Beckley, and Parkersburg. I-77 follows the entire length of the West Virginia Turnpike, a toll road that runs between Princeton and Charleston, and it runs concurrently with I-64 between Beckley and Charleston.

Historically, the West Virginia Turnpike was a two-lane road with treacherous curves and a tunnel (which has since been decommissioned). Construction began in 1952, several years before the Interstate Highway System was funded. It was only in 1987 that the entire length of the turnpike was upgraded to Interstate standards. Due to the difficulty and lives lost in construction, it has been called "88 miles of miracle".

Interstate 64 in West Virginia
Interstate 64 (I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the US state of West Virginia. It travels east–west through the state for 189 miles (304 km) passing by the major towns and cities of Huntington, Charleston, Beckley, and Lewisburg.
MiniScribe
MiniScribe Corporation was a manufacturer of disk storage products, founded in Longmont, Colorado in 1980. MiniScribe designed and sold stepper motor-based hard disk drives with a large amount of onboard logic for the time. They eventually moved into higher-profile voice coil motor designs, and won major contracts with IBM. Massive financial fraud starting in 1987 led to bankruptcy in 1990, when their assets were bought by Maxtor and renamed Maxtor Colorado Corporation.

Maxtor
Maxtor Corporation was an American computer hard disk drive manufacturer. Founded in 1982, it was the third largest hard disk drive manufacturer in the world before being purchased by Seagate in 2006. It was revived as a brand in 2016.

Maxtor is a portmanteau of maximum and storage.
Rockport, Massachusetts
Rockport is a seaside town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,992 in 2020. Rockport is located approximately 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Boston, at the tip of the Cape Ann peninsula. Rockport borders Gloucester to its west, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in all other directions.

Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Rockport.

Gloucester, Massachusetts
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts,  United States. It sits on Cape Ann and is a part of Massachusetts's North Shore. The population was 29,729 at the 2020 U.S. census. An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam, Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia, Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester.
Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.

Pepperdine University School of Law
The Pepperdine University School of Law (officially the Pepperdine University Rick J. Caruso School of Law) is the law school of Pepperdine University, a private research university in Los Angeles County, California.

The school offers the Juris Doctor (JD), and various Masters of Laws (LLM) options in Dispute Resolution, International Commercial Arbitration, United States Law, and Entertainment, Media, and Sports Law.  The school also offers joint degrees with its JD and Master of Dispute Resolution (MDR) in partnership with other Pepperdine University graduate schools. The school offers an online Master of Legal Studies program and an online Master of Dispute Resolution program.

On October 23, 2019, Pepperdine announced that the school had received a $50 million gift from billionaire alumnus Rick Caruso that would provide scholarships and loan-forgiveness for needy students. The school would subsequently be known as the Rick J. Caruso School of Law.
Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Third siege of Porto Alegre
The third siege of Porto Alegre was a siege carried out by rebel forces during the Ragamuffin War in southern Brazil between June 1838 and December 1840. It was the last siege made to Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul, during the conflict. Porto Alegre had been in Imperial hands ever since June 1836 (when it was recaptured from the rebels).

After the crucial rebel victory at the Battle of Barro Vermelho, Republican leaders Bento Manuel Ribeiro and David Canabarro marched towards the city with their men; this time, they did not attempt to assault it. Over the course of two and a half years, they kept an important part of the Imperial troops in the province pinned to the city in its defense, before being forced to lift the siege.

Battle of Barro Vermelho
The Battle of Barro Vermelho, also known as the Battle of Rio Pardo, was an engagement of the Ragamuffin War fought in April 1838. Around 5,000 men were present in the field, an atypically large number for the conflict; the battle was one of the rebels' most important victories during the war.
HOT-x
HOT-x, also known as 4-alkylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-N-hydroxyphenethylamines or hydroxylated 2C-T derivatives, are a group of psychedelic drugs of the phenethylamine and 2C families. They have a hydroxy group (HO) at the amine as well as methoxy groups at the 2 and 5 positions and an alkylthio (T) group at the 4 position of the phenyl ring. The HOT-x drugs are the N-hydroxyl analogues of the corresponding 2C-T-x drugs.

The HOT-x drugs were synthesized and tested by Alexander Shulgin and were reported by him in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).

2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-x) is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds.

Most of the early 2C drugs were developed by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and were reviewed in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved). 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs.
Bender: Gold of the Empire
Bender: Gold of the Empire, also known as Ostap Bender Trilogy (Russian: Бендер: Золото империи) is a 2021 Russian action adventure comedy film directed by Igor Zaytsev, a sequel to the film Bender: The Beginning from the production company Sreda. It was theatrically released in Russia on 15 July 2021.

The film tells the story of how Ibrahim Bender and his student Ostap suddenly lose a precious treasure and it falls into the hands of Nestor Makhno, who is sure that there are other relics in the vicinity. As a result, reds, whites, bandits and partisans start hunting for gold.

Bender: The Beginning
Bender: The Beginning, also known as Ostap Bender. The Beginning (Russian: Бендер: Начало) is a 2021 Russian action adventure comedy film directed by Igor Zaytsev, a prequel to The Twelve Chairs from the production company Sreda.
It stars Sergey Bezrukov as Ibrahim Bender, and Aram Vardevanyan in the role was dedicated to Ostap Bender-Zadunaisky.

It is scheduled to be theatrically released on 24 June 2021.

The film is set in 1919 and shows as the young idealist named Osip runs into the Turkish swindler, Ibrahim Bender, who, like Osip, hunts for a royal relic. Osip learns from Ibrahim flattery, deception, blackmail and brute force, falls in love with a fatal beautiful foreigner and becomes the legendary Ostap Bender.
Shinobi (1987 video game)
Shinobi (忍) is a 1987 hack and slash video game developed and published by Sega for arcades on the Sega System 16 board. The player controls ninja Joe Musashi, who must stop the Zeed terrorist organization from kidnapping students of his clan.

Shinobi was a commercial success in arcades. It topped the monthly Japanese table arcade charts in December 1987, and became a blockbuster hit in the United States, where it was the highest-grossing conversion kit of 1988 and one of the top five conversion kits of 1989. It was adapted by Sega to its Master System game console, followed by conversions to the Nintendo Entertainment System, PC Engine, and home computers. It was re-released as downloadable emulated versions of the original arcade game for the Wii and Xbox 360. The arcade game was released for the Nintendo Switch in January 2020 through the Sega Ages series. Shinobi's success inspired various sequels and spin-offs of the Shinobi series.

Shinobi (series)
Shinobi is a series of hack-and-slash games created by Sega. The ninja (shinobi) Joe Musashi acts as the protagonist of the series. The first Shinobi was released in 1987 as an arcade video game. Along with Alex Kidd and Sonic the Hedgehog, Joe Musashi has long been one of Sega's flagship characters, acting as a mascot for a short time in the late 1980s when ninjas were popular in mainstream media. The series' games are a showcase of Sega's technical accomplishment, noted for their high quality of graphics, gameplay, and music, as well as their high level of difficulty. The Shinobi series sold 5 million copies as of 2024.