hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niagara Tunnel Project
The Niagara Tunnel Project was part of a series of major additions to the Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric generation complex in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.

Water delivered by the major new tunnel complements other upgrades to the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations, resulting in more efficient use of the Niagara River's hydro power.

The project's new 12.7 metres (42 ft) diameter, 10.2 kilometres (6.3 mi) long tunnel was officially placed into service on 21 March 2013, helping to increase the generating complex's nameplate capacity by 150 megawatts, with the extra power produced enough for approximately 160,000 homes.

Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations
Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations are two hydroelectric generating stations in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Sir Adam Beck Generating Station I, Sir Adam Beck Generating Station II and the Sir Adam Beck Pump Generating Station are all owned by Ontario Power Generation. Following the development of several smaller generating stations around Niagara Falls in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Province of Ontario authorized the construction of the first major publicly owned generating station in the province. At the time it was built, it was the largest hydroelectric generating station in the world.

The stations divert water from the Niagara and Welland rivers above Niagara Falls which is then released into the lower portion of the Niagara River, and together produce up to 1,962 MW (2,631,000 hp).
Wangara people
The Wangara (also known as Wakara, Wangarawa) are a diaspora community of ethnic Manden origin who served as specialized long-distance merchants throughout West Africa, particularly in trans-Saharan trade and practice islam, opposed to the Soninke who practice the traditional Mandinka religion. Originating from the Mali Empire, over time the Wangara became integrated into numerous other communities and ethnic groups, particularly in Timbuktu, Agadez, Kano, Gao, Salaga, Kong, Bissa, Kankan, Fouta Jallon, Djenné as well as Bambouk, Bure, Lobi, and (to a lesser degree) Bono goldfields and Borgu. They were practicing Muslims who helped spread the religion widely and served as clerics, political advisors, healers and marabouts, often following the Suwarian Tradition.

The term 'Wangara' is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Jakhanke or Dyula people, who are also diasporic traders and Islamic clerics of Mande origin.

Dyula people
The Dyula (Dioula or Juula) are a Mande ethnic group inhabiting several West African countries, including Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Burkina Faso.

Characterized as a highly successful merchant caste, Dyula migrants began establishing trading communities across the region in the fourteenth century. Since business was often conducted under non-Muslim rulers, the Dyula developed a set of theological principles for Muslim minorities in non-Muslim societies. Their unique contribution of long-distance commerce, Islamic scholarship and religious tolerance were significant factors in the peaceful expansion of Islam in West Africa.

The term 'Dyula' is sometimes used interchangeably with Wangara or Jakhanke, depending on the historical period and region.
Black-topped pottery
Black-topped pottery is a specialized type of Ancient Egyptian pottery that became the main pottery of the Egyptian Badarian culture, down to Naqada I and the middle of the Naqada II culture. The oldest finds are from Nubian archaeological sites, including Elephantine, an island on the Nile River, Nabta Playa in the Nubian Desert, and Kerma in present-day Sudan. This type of artifact dates predominantly to the Predynastic Period, but “a handful of examples made in the Early Dynastic Period are known to exist.” These vessels were used “exclusively for ritual and funerary purposes” and were discovered in ancient cemeteries and settlements. The majority of these pots are variations of the Egyptian hes-jar form and feature red bodies with black tops and interiors. The red color is derived from the natural iron that occurs within Nile silts which oxidizes upon firing, and the black top and interior is a product of reduction firing and carbon smudging.

Naqada I
The Naqada I culture, originally called the Amratian culture, was the first Pre-dynastic archaeological culture of prehistoric Egypt, centering on Upper Egypt. Depending on the sources, it lasted approximately from 3,750 to 3,500 BC, from c. 4,000/3,900 to c. 3,600 BC, or from 4,000 to 3,500 BC. It corresponds to the original Flinders Petrie "Sequence Dates" SD 31–37.

All Naqada I sites are located in Upper Egypt, ranging from Matmar in the north, to Kubaniya and Khor Bahan in the south. The Amratian/ Naqada I culture is broadly similar to the previous Badarian culture, and may to some extent be considered as a later variation, characterized with more diversity in the types of graves, and therefore the appearance of a level of social hierarchy.
2018–19 UEFA Europa League qualifying
The 2018–19 UEFA Europa League qualifying phase and play-off round began on 26 June and ended on 30 August 2018.

A total of 178 teams competed in the qualifying system of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League, which included the qualifying phase and the play-off round, with 35 teams in Champions Path and 143 teams in Main Path. The 21 winners in the play-off round (8 from Champions Path, 13 from Main Path) advanced to the group stage, to join the 17 teams that entered in the group stage, the 6 losers of the Champions League play-off round (4 from Champions Path, 2 from League Path), and the 4 League Path losers of the Champions League third qualifying round.

2018–19 UEFA Champions League qualifying
2018–19 UEFA Champions League qualifying was the preliminary phase of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, prior to the competition proper. Qualification consisted of the qualifying phase (preliminary and first to third rounds) and the play-off round. It began on 26 June and ended on 29 August 2018.

A total of 53 teams competed in the qualifying system of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, with 43 teams in Champions Path and 10 teams in League Path. The six winners in the play-off round (four from Champions Path, two from League Path) advanced to the group stage, to join the 26 teams that entered the group stage.

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).
State Anthem of the Chechen Republic
The State Anthem of the Chechen Republic was officially adopted on 28 July 2010, when it was approved by the Parliament of the Chechen Republic. Between 2000 and 2010, the Republic of Chechnya did not have its own anthem, unlike other first-level administrative divisions of the Russian Federation. The former self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria had its own anthem, titled "Death or Freedom".

The author of the text is Akhmad Kadyrov, the first Head of the Chechen Republic and father of current Head Ramzan Kadyrov. The accompanying music was composed by Chechen musician Umar Beksultanov.

Oppositions to the Kadyrov regime prefer the use of the Anthem of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria over the current State Anthem of the Chechen Republic.

Anthem of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
"Death or Freedom" was the national anthem of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a former partially recognized separatist state in the North Caucasus, used between 1991 and 2000. The music was composed in 1991 by either Ali Dimayev or Umar Beksultanov, and the lyrics were written by Abuzar Aydamirov.

The Dudayev-era anthem replaced "My Checheno-Ingushetia", the anthem of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Afterwards, "Death or Freedom" was officially replaced by the current Kadyrov-era State Anthem of the Chechen Republic.
Tangut Supplement
Tangut Supplement is a Unicode block containing characters from the Tangut script, which was used for writing the Tangut language spoken by the Tangut people in the Western Xia Empire, and in China during the Yuan dynasty and early Ming dynasty. This block is a supplement to the main Tangut block.

The Tangut Supplement block size was changed in Unicode version 14.0 to correct the erroneous block end point (version 13: 18D8F → version 14.0: 18D7F).

Tangut (Unicode block)
Tangut is a Unicode block containing characters from the Tangut script, which was used for writing the Tangut language spoken by the Tangut people in the Western Xia Empire, and in China during the Yuan dynasty and early Ming dynasty.

Tangut characters do not have descriptive character names, but have names derived algorithmically from their code point value (e.g. U+17000 is named TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-17000).
Sunderland Bay
Sunderland Bay is a quiet coastal locality on Phillip Island in Victoria, Australia, positioned between Surf Beach and Smiths Beach. Characterised by its rugged natural scenery, Sunderland Bay overlooks Bass Strait, featuring rocky outcrops, cliffs, and secluded sandy beaches.

The area is popular among surfers due to consistent swell conditions, and it attracts visitors seeking coastal walks, nature observation, and peaceful relaxation. Predominantly residential, Sunderland Bay consists of a mix of permanent homes and holiday residences, reflecting its appeal as both a retreat and community. Its central location offers convenient access to key Phillip Island attractions, including the Grand Prix Circuit, Penguin Parade, and Phillip Island Nature Parks.

Surf Beach, Victoria
Surf Beach is a small coastal locality of Phillip Island in Victoria, Australia. Situated between Sunderland Bay and Cape Woolamai, the main town of over 500 homes runs in a narrow strip between Western Port Bay and Bass Strait. It was established by private developers in 1926 as a holiday town and mostly developed after the Second World War.
County Route 507 (New Jersey)
County Route 507 (CR 507) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 28.37 mi (45.66 km) from CR 508 (Harrison Avenue) in Harrison to the New York state line in Mahwah. Between Ho-Ho-Kus and Mahwah, this highway is known as Franklin Turnpike. At its northern terminus, County Route 507 continues north into New York as Orange Avenue, which is a portion of U.S. Route 202 (US 202).

County Route 508 (New Jersey)
County Route 508 (CR 508) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 16.1 miles (25.9 km) from Route 10 (Mt. Pleasant Avenue) in Livingston to Belleville Turnpike (Route 7) in Kearny.
Trapped (Australian TV series)
Trapped is an Australian children's television series which first premiered on 30 November 2008 and finished its first run on 18 April 2009 on the Seven Network. The 26-part series was shot entirely on location in and around Broome, Western Australia from May to October 2008. A follow-up series entitled Castaway began airing on the Seven Network on 12 February 2011. Many of the actors in the main cast of Trapped reprised their roles.

Castaway (TV series)
Castaway is an Australian children's television series that premiered in Australia on the Seven Network on 12 February 2011. The series is a sequel to the 2008 series Trapped. It was delayed from its initial premiere date in 2010 and as a result first aired on Swedish television, premiering on 1 November 2010 and ending on 6 December 2010.
Former City Hall, Singapore
1°17′26″N 103°51′06″E﻿ / ﻿1.2906°N 103.8517°E﻿ / 1.2906; 103.8517

The Former City Hall building in Singapore is a national monument gazetted on 14 February 1992. It can be found in front of the historical Padang and adjacent to the Former Supreme Court of Singapore, it was designed and built by the architects of the Singapore Municipal Commission, A. Gordans and F. D. Meadows from 1926 to 1929. A flight of stairs takes visitors from the Corinthian colonnade to the main building. The building was constructed to replace several houses designed by architect G.D. Coleman. It was first known as the Municipal Building until 1951, when the town of Singapore was granted city status by King George VI.

Padang, Singapore
The Padang (Malay for 'field'),  formerly known as The Plain and The Esplanade, is an open playing field located within the Downtown Core of the Central Area in Singapore. It includes the Padang Cricket Ground.
Maldon
Maldon (/ˈmɔːldən/, locally /ˈmɒldən/) is a town and civil parish on the Blackwater Estuary in Essex, England. It is the seat of the Maldon District and starting point of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation. It is known for Maldon Sea Salt which is produced in the area. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 14,938, and the Maldon built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics, which extends beyond the parish boundary to also take in Heybridge to the north, had a population of 23,380.

Heybridge, Maldon
Heybridge is a large village and civil parish in the Maldon district of Essex, England. It is adjacent to the town of Maldon, near the River Blackwater. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 8,312.

Heybridge has a number of residential areas, most recognisable is the newer Bovis housing estates to the west of the town, which were built in 1995. Before building commenced, a full archaeological dig was undertaken and the excavations showed the existence of an important Iron Age settlement and ritual complex, a large Roman settlement and a succeeding Saxon settlement, as well as scattered pre-historic remains. Along the Goldhanger road to the east are situated a number of traditional British holiday campsites, catering for both permanent residents and visitors.
KVM Splitter
A KVM (Keyboard Video Mouse) Splitter, also known as a Reverse KVM switch, is a hardware device that allows users to control a single computer from one or more sets of keyboards, video monitors, and mice. With a KVM splitter, users access the connected computer consecutively rather than simultaneously. It differs from a KVM Switch which allows multiple computers to be controlled, usually, by a single keyboard, monitor and mouse.

KVM switch
A KVM switch (with KVM being an abbreviation for "keyboard, video, and mouse") is a hardware device that allows a user to control multiple computers from one or more sets of keyboards, video monitors, and mouse.
Wolfgang of Regensburg
Wolfgang of Regensburg (Latin: Wolfgangus; c. 934 – 31 October 994 AD) was bishop of Regensburg in Bavaria from Christmas 972 until his death. He is a saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He is regarded as one of the three great German saints of the 10th century, the other two being Ulrich of Augsburg and Conrad of Constance. Towards the end of his life Wolfgang withdrew as a hermit to a solitary spot, in the Salzkammergut region of Upper Austria. Soon after Wolfgang's death many churches chose him as their patron saint, and various towns were named after him.

Ulrich of Augsburg
Ulrich of Augsburg (890 – 4 July 973), sometimes spelled Uodalric or Odalrici, was Prince-Bishop of Augsburg in the Holy Roman Empire. He was the first saint to be canonised not by a local authority but by a pope.
Sophie Piper
Countess Eva Sophie Piper, née Eva Sophie von Fersen (30 March 1757 – 2 February 1816, Lövstad Castle), was a Swedish countess and lady in waiting. She was the daughter of count Axel von Fersen the Elder and Hedvig Catharina von Fersen, and the sister of Axel von Fersen the Younger, Hedvig Eleonora von Fersen and Fabian von Fersen (1762–1818). She is known primarily for her close relationship with Queen Hedvig Elizabeth Charlotte, who dedicated her famous diary to her.

Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp
Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish: Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta; 22 March 1759 – 20 June 1818) was the queen consort of Charles XIII of Sweden and II of Norway. She was also a famed diarist, memoirist and wit. She is known as Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte, though her official name as queen was Charlotte (Charlotta).

She was born in Eutin the daughter of Duke Frederick August I of Holstein-Gottorp and Princess Ulrike Friederike Wilhelmine of Hesse-Kassel. 
She grew up in Eutin and married her cousin Charles, Duke of Södermanland, in Stockholm on 7 July 1774 when she was fifteen years old. The marriage was arranged by King Gustav III to provide the throne of Sweden with an heir. The King had not consummated his marriage and had decided to give the task of providing an heir to the throne to his brother.
Coode Island
Coode Island is a former island at the convergence of the Yarra and Maribyrnong Rivers, 4 km west of central Melbourne, Australia. The island was formed by the excavation of the Coode Canal in 1887, and became connected to the mainland in the 1930s. Today the low-lying land is part of the Port of Melbourne, and is used as the site of Swanson and Appleton Docks and their associated container storage and rail yards, as well as a number of chemical storage facilities.

Swanson Dock
Swanson Dock is an international shipping facility in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was constructed between 1966 and 1972 by the Melbourne Harbor Trust, leading off the north bank of the Yarra River, to alleviate congestion in the port and provide Melbourne's first container shipping terminal. It is located about 2 km downstream from the Melbourne CBD and was named after Victor Swanson, chairman of the Melbourne Harbor Trust from 1960 to 1972.
LET L-23 Super Blaník
The LET L-23 Super Blaník is a two-seat, all-metal structure glider with fabric covered control surfaces. The aircraft is primarily used for flight training; its single-seat sister model is the Let L-33 Solo.

Let L-33 Solo
The Let L-33 Solo is a Czech shoulder-wing, single-seat, glider, designed by Marian Meciar and Vaclav Zajic, and produced by Let Kunovice. The L-33 first flew in 1992 and remained in production through 2012, supplied as a ready-to-fly aircraft.
Slade Green
Slade Green is an area of South East London, England, within the London Borough of Bexley. It lies northeast of Bexleyheath, northwest of Dartford, Kent and south of Erith, London, and 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross.

Historically Slade Green was part of the county of Kent. In 1965 it became part of the new ceremonial county of Greater London.

Erith
Erith (/ˈɪərɪθ/ ⓘ) is an area in south-east London, England, 13.3 miles (21.4 km) east of Charing Cross. Before the creation of Greater London in 1965, it was in the historical county of Kent. Since 1965, it has formed part of the London Borough of Bexley. It lies north-east of Bexleyheath and north-west of Dartford, on the south bank of the River Thames.

The town centre has been modernised with further dwellings added since 1961. The curved riverside high street has three listed buildings, including the Church of England church and the Carnegie Building. Erith otherwise consists mainly of suburban housing. It is linked to central London and Kent by rail and to Thamesmead by a dual carriageway. It has the longest pier in London, and retains a coastal environment with salt marshes alongside industrial land.
Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg
Albert of Nassau-Weilburg-Ottweiler (26 December 1537, Weilburg – 11 November 1593, Ottweiler), was a count of the House of Nassau. His territory included the areas around Weilburg, Ottweiler and Lahr in the Black Forest. Like his father, Philip III of Nassau-Weilburg he was an advocate of the Reformation.

Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg
Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (20 September 1504 at Neuweilnau Castle in Weilrod – 4 October 1559 in Weilburg) was a Count of the Nassau-Weilburg.  Among his major achievements were the introduction of the Reformation, the foundation of the Gymnasium Philippinum in Weilburg and the start of the construction of Schloss Weilburg.
Rhenock
Rhenock (Nepali pronunciation: [rinak]) is a town, just 29 km from Pakyong City in the Pakyong district in Sikkim, India, located on the border with the Kalimpong district of West Bengal. It lies 63 kilometres east of Gangtok, and 47 kilometres north of Kalimpong on the way to Jelepla Pass at an altitude of 1,040 metres. The Lepcha word Rhe-nock means Black Hill. Situated in the extreme east of Sikkim, Rhenock witnessed the establishment of the first police outpost in the state.

Pakyong
Pakyong (Nepali pronunciation: [pakːim]) is a Municipal city and district headquarters of Pakyong district in the Indian state of Sikkim, located in the foothills of the Himalayas. Pakyong Airport is the only airport of Sikkim. The "National Research Centre for Orchids" (ICAR Institute) is also located here.
Ketevan the Martyr
Ketevan the Martyr (Georgian: ქეთევან წამებული, romanized: ketevan ts'amebuli) (c. 1560 – September 13, 1624) was a queen consort of Kakheti, a kingdom in eastern Georgia. She was regent of Kakheti during the minority of her son Teimuraz I of Kakheti from 1605 to 1614. She was killed in Shiraz, Iran, after prolonged tortures by the Safavid suzerains of Kakheti for refusing to give up the Christian faith and convert to Islam. She has been canonized as a saint by the Georgian Orthodox Church.

Teimuraz I of Kakheti
Teimuraz I (Georgian: თეიმურაზ I; 1589–1663), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a Georgian monarch (mepe) who ruled, with intermissions, as King of Kakheti from 1605 to 1648 and also of Kartli from 1629 to 1633. The eldest son of David I and Ketevan, Teimuraz spent most of his childhood at the court of Shah of Iran, where he came to be known as Tahmuras Khan. He was made king of Kakheti following a revolt against his reigning uncle, Constantine I, in 1605. From 1614 on, he waged a five-decade long struggle against the Safavid Iranian domination of Georgia in the course of which he lost several members of his family and ended his life as the Shah's prisoner at Astarabad at the age of 74.

A versatile poet and admirer of Persian poetry, Teimuraz translated into Georgian several Persian love-stories and transformed the personal experiences of his long and difficult reign into a series of original poems influenced by the contemporary Persian tradition.
I Want One of Those
I Want One of Those (also referred to as IWOOT) is an online retailer of gadgets, toys, clothing and homeware. It was acquired by THG plc from Findel Group in 2010. In July 2023, THG confirmed the sale of its OnDemand division to its existing leadership team, with financial backing from investment firm Gordon Brothers.

THG plc
THG plc, an initialism of its original name The Hut Group, is a global retailer and brand owner, headquartered in Manchester, England, operating through two predominantly online consumer businesses: THG Beauty and THG Nutrition.

In January 2025, THG plc demerged its technology and logistics arm, THG Ingenuity, into a privately owned, stand-alone business. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Mostert's Mill
Mostert's Mill (Afrikaans: Mostert se Meul) is a historic windmill in Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa. It was built in 1796 and is the oldest surviving complete windmill in South Africa. It was almost completely destroyed by a wildfire on 18 April 2021 but was fully restored by April 2024 and is once more operational and used to grind wheat into whole meal, using the power of the wind. The oldest windmill in South Africa is the De Nieuwe Molen mill in Cape Town, built in 1782.

2021 Table Mountain fire
The 2021 Table Mountain fire (also known as the Rhodes Memorial fire or Cape Town fire) was a major fire that started on 18 April 2021 in and around Table Mountain National Park and the neighbourhoods of Newlands, Rosebank, Mowbray and Rondebosch in Cape Town, South Africa. The damage to sites in the Table Mountain area  included the Rhodes Memorial, where a restaurant  burned down; the upper campus of the University of Cape Town (UCT), where the Special Collections library was gutted; and Mostert's Mill, a historic windmill that burned down.  In addition, five firefighters were hospitalised.