hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park
The San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park is the historical name for a marine reserve that includes the San Diego-Scripps Coastal Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) and Matlahuayl State Marine Reserve (SMR), adjoining marine protected areas that extend offshore from La Jolla in San Diego County on California's south coast.

The underwater park originally spanned 6,000 acres (24 km2) of ocean bottom and tidelands, including La Jolla Cove. With four distinct habitats (rocky reef, kelp bed, sand flats, and submarine canyon), the area remains a popular destination for snorkelers and scuba divers.

La Jolla Cove
32°51′2″N 117°16′20″W﻿ / ﻿32.85056°N 117.27222°W﻿ / 32.85056; -117.27222

La Jolla Cove is a small cove with a beach that is surrounded by cliffs in La Jolla, a community of San Diego, California. Point La Jolla forms the south side of the cove. The area is protected as part of a marine reserve and is popular with snorkelers, swimmers and scuba divers.

The swells that often roll in from the open ocean can be large and strong. The water temperature is often a little colder than the average San Diego beach. While the beach has only a small dry sand area at high tide, during very low tides, tide pools are revealed at the cove.

California sea lions can be found in the waters of the cove and hauling out, temporarily leaving the water to rest on its beaches, cliffs, and bluffs. Similar to the history of the Pacific harbor seals at Children's Pool Beach, there are challenges concerning the interactions of people with the sea lions.
Benjamin Giezendanner
Benjamin Giezendanner (German pronunciation: [bɛnjaˈmiːn ˈɡiːzəndaˌnɛr]; born 22 April 1982) is a Swiss businessman and politician who currently serves as a member of the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party (SVP) since 2019. He previously served on the Grand Council of Aargau being elected as the youngest member only aged 18 in 2001. In the 2023 Swiss federal election he was a candidate for Council of States (Switzerland), but lost election against Marianne Binder-Keller. Giezendanner is the youngest son of former National Councillor Ulrich Giezendanner (b. 1953) and brother of incumbent Grand Councillor Stefan Giezendanner (b. 1978).

Stefan Giezendanner
Stefan Giezendanner (born 1978) is a Swiss businessman and politician. He serves as a member of the Grand Council of Aargau for the Swiss People's Party (SVP) since 2020. He is the eldest son of former National Councillor Ulrich Giezendanner (b. 1953) and brother of former Grand Councillor and current National Councillor Benjamin Giezendanner (b. 1982).
Oscar Almgren
Oscar Almgren (9 November 1869 – 13 May 1945) was a Swedish archaeologist specializing in prehistoric archaeology. He published a dissertation on Nordic types of brooches in 1897. He was also the father of Bertil Almgren, who followed in his father's footsteps in also becoming a professor of Scandinavian and Comparative Archaeology at Uppsala University.

Bertil Almgren
Bertil Almgren (27 September 1918 – 4 March 2011) was a Swedish archaeologist and the son of Oscar Almgren, the country's first archaeology professor. Following Sune Lindqvist, he was a professor at Uppsala University from 1965 to 1984.
Hither Green railway station
Hither Green is a railway station located in Hither Green in the London Borough of Lewisham, south-east London. It is 7 miles 16 chains (11.6 km) down the line from London Charing Cross and is situated between Lewisham and either Grove Park or Lee depending on the route.

It is a busy commuter station with services to several London termini (Cannon Street, Charing Cross and London Bridge) and destinations to other parts of south-east London and the south-east of England (Orpington and Sevenoaks on the South Eastern Main Line, and Dartford and Gravesend on the Dartford Loop Line).

It is in London fare zone 3 and very close to Hither Green Traction Maintenance Depot (TMD), Grove Park Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot, and Grove Park Safety Training Centre. The station straddles the Prime Meridian, which is marked across the roof of the pedestrian tunnel forming the main entrance.

The station and all trains are operated by Southeastern.

Hither Green TMD
Hither Green (London) Traction Maintenance Depot or Hither Green (London) TMD is a railway depot used for the maintenance and servicing of freight trains adjacent to the Hither Green marshalling yard. The depot is a hub for moving freight around south-east England; it is owned and operated by DBS. The official depot code is HG; in steam days, the shed code was 73C.

The depot is situated south of Lewisham, to the south-east of Hither Green station; it is sited between this station and Lee on the Sidcup line, and Grove Park on the Orpington line.
Scarborough and Whitby Railway
The Scarborough and Whitby Railway was a railway line from Scarborough to Whitby in North Yorkshire, England. The line followed a difficult but scenic route along the North Yorkshire coast.

The line opened in 1885 and closed in 1965 as part of the Beeching Axe. The route, now a multi-use path, is known as the Cinder Track.

Cinder Track
The Cinder Track, also known as the Scarborough to Whitby Rail Trail or the Scarborough to Whitby Cinder Track, is a 21.7-mile (34.9 km) multi-use rail trail that runs from Scarborough to Whitby, in the English county of North Yorkshire. The route follows the former trackbed of the Scarborough and Whitby Railway and is used by walkers, cyclists and horse riders. It forms part of National Cycle Route 1, which runs along much of the east coast of Great Britain. South of Whitby, the trail crosses the 120-foot (37 m) high Larpool Viaduct.
Chris Botha
Christiaan Botha (also Chris Botha and in English language literature mistakenly Christian Botha, 6 October 1864 – 29 October 1902) was a younger brother of Louis Botha (1862–1919) and Philip Botha (1851-1901), an older brother of Theunis Jacobus Botha (1867-1930), and likewise a Boer general in the Second Boer War (1899–1902) who then both fought the British to the end.

Louis Botha
Louis Botha (locally /ˈbʊərtə/ BOOR-tə, Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈlu.i ˈbuəta]; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa, the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war veteran during the Second Boer War, Botha eventually fought to have South Africa become a British Dominion.
U.S. Route 322 Business (State College, Pennsylvania)
U.S. Route 322 Business (US 322 Bus.), designated internally as State Route 3014 (SR 3014), is a 9-mile (14 km) business loop of US 322 in Centre County, Pennsylvania. Its western terminus is located at an interchange with Interstate 99 (I-99)/US 220/US 322 near State College; its eastern terminus is at US 322 near Boalsburg.

U.S. Route 322 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 322 (US 322) is a spur of US 22, running from Cleveland, Ohio, east to Atlantic City, New Jersey. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the route runs from the Ohio state line in West Shenango Township southeast to the Commodore Barry Bridge over the Delaware River in Chester, at which point the route crosses into New Jersey, meeting the New Jersey Turnpike at exit 2.  The route passes near or through several cities, including Meadville, DuBois, State College, and Harrisburg. US 322 in Pennsylvania is named the 28th Division Highway in honor of the 28th Infantry Division.
Metropolitan Railway A Class
The Metropolitan Railway A Class and B Class are 4-4-0T condensing steam locomotives built for the Metropolitan Railway by Beyer Peacock, first used in 1864. A total of 40 A Class and 26 of the slightly different B Class were delivered by 1885. Used underground, the locomotives condensed their steam, and coke or smokeless coal was burnt to reduce the smoke.

Most locomotives were withdrawn after electrification in the early 20th century, forty having been sold by 1907. The last one was withdrawn in 1948, and is now preserved at the London Transport Museum.

Condensing steam locomotive
A condensing steam locomotive is a type of locomotive designed to recover exhaust steam, either in order to improve range between taking on boiler water, or to reduce emission of steam inside enclosed spaces. The apparatus takes the exhaust steam that would normally be used to produce a draft for the firebox, and routes it through a heat exchanger, into the boiler water tanks. Installations vary depending on the purpose, design and the type of locomotive to which it is fitted. It differs from the usual closed cycle condensing steam engine, in that the function of the condenser is primarily either to recover water, or to avoid excessive emissions to the atmosphere, rather than maintaining a vacuum to improve both efficiency and power.
Kiama railway station
Kiama railway station is a heritage-listed intercity train station located in Kiama, New South Wales, Australia, on the South Coast railway line. The station serves Sydney Trains diesel multiple unit trains traveling south to Bomaderry and electric multiple unit trains north to Wollongong and Sydney. Early morning and late night services to and from stations to the south are provided by train replacement bus services. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Bomaderry railway station
Bomaderry railway station is a heritage-listed single-platform intercity train station located in Bomaderry, New South Wales, Australia, on the South Coast railway line. The station serves diesel multiple unit trains to Kiama operated by Sydney Trains. Early morning and late night services to the station are provided by train replacement bus services. A siding near the station is used by freight trains operated by the Manildra Group.

The station was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Abdulrahim Abby Farah
Abdulrahim Abby Farah (Somali: Cabdiraxiim Caabbi Faarax, Arabic: عبد الرحيم آبي فرح; 22 October 1919 – 14 May 2018) was a Welsh-born Somali diplomat and politician. He was Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations 1979-1990. He served as the Permanent Representative of Somalia to the United Nations, and as the Ambassador of Somalia to Ethiopia. He was the Chairperson of the PaSAGO non-governmental organization. He hailed from the 
Mohamed Isa subdivision of the Isa Musa subclan of the Isaaq Somali.

Isa Musa
The  Isa Musa , also contemporarily known as the Isamusa (Somali: Ciisemuuse, Arabic: عيسىموسى), also spelled Issamussa, Issamousa, Issemuosa, Issamuse or Isemuse (Full Name: ’Isa ibn Musa ibn Zubayr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad), is a prominent Somali clan which is part of the Isaaq family clan. The Isa Musa traditionally consists of coastal people, nomadic pastoralist and merchants. This clan are primarily settled in Somaliland, including Maroodi Jeex, Togdheer, Sahil, Awdal, Mugadisho,  Djibouti, Yemen, Ethiopia, as well as Kenya.

The Isa Musa have produced many prominent Somali figures with the deputy secretary general of the United Nations Abdulrahim Abby Farah
Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge
The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge is a 240,000-acre (970 km2), 261-mile-long (420 km) National Wildlife Refuge located in and along the Upper Mississippi River. It runs from Wabasha, Minnesota, in the north to Rock Island, Illinois, in the south.

In its northern portion, it is in the Driftless Area, a region of North America that remained free from ice during the last ice age. Certain parcels contained within the refuge were later transferred to the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge.

The refuge is an important element of the Mississippi Flyway. It has many wooded islands, sloughs, and hardwood forests. The wildlife found here include the canvasback duck, tundra swan, white-tailed deer, and muskrat. Recreational activities include boating, hunting, fishing, and swimming.

Refuge Headquarters are located in Winona, Minnesota, with district offices located in La Crosse, Wisconsin, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and Thomson, Illinois.

Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge
42°41′00″N 91°07′30″W﻿ / ﻿42.68333°N 91.12500°W﻿ / 42.68333; -91.12500

Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge is a United States National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Iowa. It is a collection of non-contiguous parcels in the vicinity of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.

The refuge was established in 1989 to help the recovery of two federally listed species: the endangered Iowa Pleistocene Snail and threatened plant Northern Wild Monkshood. Although the refuge was established to protect the snail and flower, an entire rare community of plants and animals is preserved on these sites. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages the refuge as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system. Currently, the refuge consists of nine sites totaling 811.99 acres (328.60 ha) in four counties of Iowa only. In descending order of land area they are Clayton, Dubuque, Jackson, and Allamakee counties.
Diggers (theater)
The Diggers were a radical community-action group of activists and street theatre actors operating from 1966 to 1968, based in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco. Their politics have been categorized as "left-wing;" more accurately, they were "community anarchists" who blended a desire for freedom with a consciousness of the community in which they lived. The Diggers' central tenet was to be "authentic," seeking to create a society free from the dictates of money and capitalism.

The Diggers were closely associated and shared a number of members with the guerrilla theater group San Francisco Mime Troupe. They were formed out of after-hours Mime Troupe discussions between Emmett Grogan, Peter Coyote, Peter Berg, and Billy Landout.

The Diggers fostered and inspired later groups like the Yippies.

Peter Coyote
Peter Coyote (born Robert Peter Cohon; October 10, 1941) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, author, and narrator of films, theater, television, and audiobooks. He is known for his appearances in films such as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Cross Creek (1983), Jagged Edge (1985), Bitter Moon (1992), Kika (1993), Patch Adams (1998), Erin Brockovich (2000), A Walk to Remember (2002), and Femme Fatale (2002).

His voice work includes his narration for the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics. He narrated the PBS series The Pacific Century (1992), winning an Emmy. He won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator in 2015 for his work on Ken Burns's documentary miniseries The Roosevelts: An Intimate History.

Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers, an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s, including the Summer of Love.
Capelli's identity
In mathematics, Capelli's identity, named after Alfredo Capelli (1887), is an analogue of the formula det(AB) = det(A) det(B), for certain matrices with noncommuting entries, related to the representation theory of the Lie algebra . It can be used to relate an invariant ƒ to the invariant Ωƒ, where Ω is Cayley's Ω process.

Cayley's Ω process
In mathematics, Cayley's Ω process, introduced by Arthur Cayley (1846), is a relatively invariant differential operator on the general linear group, that is used to construct invariants of a group action.

As a partial differential operator acting on functions of n2 variables xij, the omega operator is given by the determinant

For binary forms f in x1, y1 and g in x2, y2 the Ω operator is . The r-fold Ω process Ωr(f, g) on two forms f and g in the variables x and y is then

Convert f to a form in x1, y1 and g to a form in x2, y2

Apply the Ω operator r times to the function fg, that is, f times g in these four variables

Substitute x for x1 and x2, y for y1 and y2 in the result

The result of the r-fold Ω process Ωr(f, g) on the two forms f and g is also called the r-th transvectant and is commonly written (f, g)r.
Brad Ashford
John Bradley Ashford (November 10, 1949 – April 19, 2022) was an American politician who served in the Nebraska Legislature and the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district from 2015 to 2017. He is the most recent Democrat to represent Nebraska in Congress.

After serving in the state legislature from 1987 to 1995, Ashford ran for the Republican nomination in Nebraska's 2nd congressional district, but was defeated. He returned to the state legislature in 2007 and served until 2015 when he successfully ran for the House of Representatives against incumbent representative Lee Terry. After serving in the House of Representatives for two years he was defeated by Don Bacon and was later defeated in the Democratic primary in 2018 when he ran to reclaim his House seat.

Lee Terry
Lee Raymond Terry (born January 29, 1962) is an American former politician and senior law firm adviser. From 1999 to 2015, he served eight terms as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Nebraska's 2nd congressional district as a member of the Republican Party. Since 2015, Terry reactivated his law license and is a senior adviser to the government relations and public group for the international law firm Kelley Drye & Warren.
The Trump (horse)
The Trump (1932–1955) was an Australian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Caulfield-Melbourne Cup double as well as two other principal (Group One) (G1) races in 1937.

He showed his versatility by winning races over distances of six furlongs to two miles.

Caulfield Cup
The Caulfield Cup is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race held under handicap conditions. 
This is for all horses aged three years old and older. It takes place over a distance of 2400 metres at the Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in mid October. The prize money is A$5,000,000.
Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) was an American company that designed and produced rocket engines that use liquid propellants. It was a division of Pratt & Whitney, a fully owned subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation. It was headquartered in Canoga Park, Los Angeles, California. In 2013, the company was sold to GenCorp,Inc., becoming part of Aerojet Rocketdyne.

Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially airliners) and military aviation. Its headquarters are in East Hartford, Connecticut. The company is the world's second largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 35% market share as of 2020. In addition to aircraft engines, Pratt & Whitney manufactures gas turbine engines for industrial use, marine propulsion, and power generation. In 2017, the company reported that it supported more than 11,000 customers in 180 countries around the world.
Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorem
In mathematics, the Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorem classifies holomorphic vector bundles over the complex projective line. In particular every holomorphic vector bundle over  is a direct sum of holomorphic line bundles. The theorem was proved by Alexander Grothendieck (1957, Theorem 2.1), and is more or less equivalent to  Birkhoff factorization introduced by George David Birkhoff (1909).

Holomorphic vector bundle
In mathematics, a holomorphic vector bundle is a complex vector bundle over a complex manifold X such that the total space E is a complex manifold and the projection map π : E → X is holomorphic. Fundamental examples are the holomorphic tangent bundle of a complex manifold, and its dual, the holomorphic cotangent bundle. A holomorphic line bundle is a rank one holomorphic vector bundle.

By Serre's GAGA, the category of holomorphic vector bundles on a smooth complex projective variety X (viewed as a complex manifold) is equivalent to the category of algebraic vector bundles (i.e., locally free sheaves of finite rank) on X.
Essingeleden
Essingeleden is a motorway that goes from Solna to Stockholm, Sweden, crossing the westmost parts of central Stockholm, by going over Kungsholmen, Lilla Essingen, and Stora Essingen. 
Essingeleden has three bridges – Fredhällsbron (270 m), Essingebron (470 m), and Gröndalsbron (460 m) – and one tunnel, Fredhällstunneln (210 m), which is one of the busiest tunnels in Europe. The road is part of European route E4 and E20, and is the busiest road in Sweden, with about 150,000 vehicles per day. In August 2007 this has increased to 170,000 cars per day, because Essingeleden was then the only road through central Stockholm exempt from the Stockholm congestion tax, and because of repairs of the main road through the inner city. This has caused big traffic jams on Essingeleden and Södra länken. Since 1 January 2016, Essingeleden has been subject to the congestion tax.

Gröndalsbron
Gröndalsbron (Swedish: The Gröndal bridge) are two bridges in central Stockholm, Sweden, connecting the island Stora Essingen to the southern mainland district Gröndal.

The older bridge, inaugurated in 1967, forms a 460-metre section of the Essingeleden motorway, of which 260 metres constitute the bridge, divided into three pre-stressed concrete frames, 70, 120, and 70 metres in length. Due to several ramps connecting to the bridge the width varies from 38 to 45 metres, while the horizontal clearance is 26 metres throughout the entire structure.

The second bridge, inaugurated in 2000, forms part of the Tvärbanan light rail line and is a 120 metres long pre-stressed concrete box girder bridge. After its inauguration, slip cracks have been discovered in the bridge, a discovery which was covered up for at least a year and the following revelation in media became a main local news event for some time. The bridge has since been reinforced and is still in operation.
Valery Khalilov
Valery Mikhailovich Khalilov (Russian: Валерий Михайлович Халилов; 30 January 1952 – 25 December 2016) was an Uzbek-born Russian military band conductor and composer. A lieutenant general in the Russian military, he was the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia and Chief Military Conductor, most famously conducting the massed Russian military bands at the annual "Victory Day" parade held in the Moscow's Red Square a record 14 times. He died when the plane he was on, en route to Syria, crashed into the Black Sea off Sochi, Russia.

2016 Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 crash
On 25 December 2016, a Tupolev Tu-154 jetliner of the Russian Defence Ministry crashed into the Black Sea shortly after taking off from Sochi International Airport, Russia, while en route to Khmeimim Air Base, Syria, during the Russian military intervention in the war in Syria. All 92 passengers and crew on board, including 64 members of the Alexandrov Ensemble choir of the Russian Armed Forces, were killed. The aircraft had flown from Chkalovsky Airport and had landed at Sochi to refuel.
Schinderhannes bartelsi
Schinderhannes bartelsi is a fossil species of hurdiid radiodont (anomalocaridid), known from a single specimen from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate in Germany. Its discovery expanded the known range of radiodonts, the latest members of which were previously known only from the Early Ordovician, over 60 million years earlier than Schinderhannes bartelsi.

Hurdiidae
Hurdiidae (synonymous with the previously named Peytoiidae) is an extinct cosmopolitan family of radiodonts, a group of stem-group marine arthropods, which lived during the Paleozoic Era. It is the most long-lived radiodont clade, lasting from the Cambrian period to the Devonian period.