hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton
William Douglas-Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton (24 December 1634 – 18 April 1694), also known as Lord William Douglas and the Earl of Selkirk, was a Scottish politician. He was the eldest son of the 1st Marquess of Douglas by his second wife, Lady Mary Gordon, a daughter of the 1st Marquess of Huntly. Subsequent to marrying Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, he was created Duke of Hamilton in the Peerage of Scotland, which also allowed him to use his wife's subsidiary titles during his lifetime and to take the name Hamilton for their descendants.

Duke of Hamilton
Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in April 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that peerage (except for the Dukedom of Rothesay held by the sovereign's eldest son), and as such its holder is the premier peer of Scotland, as well as being head of the House of Hamilton. The title, the town of Hamilton in Lanarkshire, and many places around the world are named after members of the Hamilton family. The ducal family's surname, originally "Hamilton", is now "Douglas-Hamilton". Since 1711, the dukedom has been held together with the Dukedom of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain, and the dukes since that time have been styled Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, along with several other subsidiary titles.
Government of Puntland
The Government of Puntland (Somali: Dowladda Buntilaan; Arabic: حكومة أرض بنط) is the supreme governing authority of the semi-autonomous state of Puntland. The legal structure of Puntland consists of the judiciary (Supreme Court), legislative (House of Representatives) and the executive (the President, Vice president and his nominated council of Ministries) branches of government. Puntland has conducted seven presidential elections (1998, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2014, 2019, 2024). Five Presidents are elected by a 66-member unicameral parliament. Since 1998, the governing bodies have been located in the administrative capital of Garowe.

Vice President of Puntland
The vice president of Puntland (VPOP) serves as the secondary head of the Government of Puntland after the President of Puntland. The office was established following the formation of Puntland on 1 August 1998, and is held by five officials, and two interim vice presidents, elected by the Parliament of Puntland. The first vice president was Mohamed Abdi Hashi. Following the 2024 Vice Presidential Election, Ilyas Osman Lugator was elected in January 2024.
Prokshino (Moscow Metro)
Prokshino (Russian: Прокшиноpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station on the Sokolnicheskaya line. It was opened on 20 June 2019, as part of an extension that included Kommunarka (now Novomoskovskaya), Filatov Lug, and Olkhovaya.

It is in the Kommunarka area of Sosenskoye Settlement in the Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug southwest of Moscow. It is an aboveground station along the Solntsevo-Butovo-Vidnoye Highway. The name Prokshino refers to a former village where the station is stand.

Filatov Lug (Moscow Metro)
Filatov Lug (Russian: Филатов Лугpronunciationⓘ, lit. Filatov's Meadow) is a Moscow Metro station on the Sokolnicheskaya line. It was opened on 20 June 2019, as part of an extension that included Kommunarka (now Novomoskovskaya), Prokshino, and Olkhovaya.
Angry Indian Goddesses
Angry Indian Goddesses is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Pan Nalin and produced by Gaurav Dhingra and Pan Nalin under the banner of Jungle Book Studio. It stars Sandhya Mridul, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Sarah-Jane Dias, Anushka Manchanda, Amrit Maghera, Rajshri Deshpande, and Pavleen Gujral with Adil Hussain. It was screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, where it finished second for the People's Choice Award.

Rajshri Deshpande
Rajshri Deshpande is an Indian actress. She gained international recognition for her performance in Pan Nalin's drama film Angry Indian Goddesses. She then portrayed the title character in Sanal Kumar Sasidharan's Sexy Durga and received critical acclaim for her performance in the Netflix series Sacred Games. In 2023, Deshpande won Best Actress in a Drama Series at the 2023 Filmfare OTT Awards, for her work in Trial by Fire.
Confusion Range
The Confusion Range is a north-south trending mountain range in west-central Utah, United States.  It is bounded by Snake Valley to the west, Tule Valley to the east, the Great Salt Lake Desert to the north, and the Ferguson Desert to the south.  The range trends into the Burbank Hills, Mountain Home Range, and the Wah Wah Mountains to the south.  In the central part of the range, an offshoot of the mountains to the west is known as the Conger Range.  The Confusion Range is named for its "rugged isolation and confusing topography."

The highest peaks in the range are Conger Mountain 39°14′00″N 113°42′03″W﻿ / ﻿39.23328°N 113.700817°W﻿ / 39.23328; -113.700817, which is 7,713 feet tall, and King Top 38°54′36″N 113°31′47″W﻿ / ﻿38.910000°N 113.529666°W﻿ / 38.910000; -113.529666, which is 8,350 feet tall.

Burbank Hills
The Burbank Hills are a small northwest-southeast mountain range in western Utah, United States that lie entirely within the Hamlin-Snake Watershed, between the Snake Range and the Ferguson Desert. It is bounded by Snake Valley to the north, west, and south; and trends into the Tunnel Springs Mountains, to the southeast, opposite the Antelope Valley on its southeast border. It was named after the settlement of Burbank, Utah, and Margie Burbank Clay, the wife of local Judge E. W. Clay in the 1870s.

The Burbank Hills has numerous ATV trails and fossils.
Richard Sohl
Richard Arthur Sohl (May 26, 1953 – June 3, 1990) was an American pianist, songwriter and arranger, best known for his work with the Patti Smith Group. He also played with Iggy Pop, Nina Hagen and Elliott Murphy. He died on June 3, 1990, of a heart attack while on vacation in Cherry Grove, New York.

Sohl was nicknamed DNV by Lenny Kaye, who thought that he resembled Tadzio, the beautiful Polish boy from Luchino Visconti's Death in Venice, played by Björn Andresen. DNV is an abbreviation of the movie title.

Patti Smith
Patricia Lee Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, poet, painter, author, and photographer. Her 1975 debut album Horses made her an influential member of the New York City–based punk rock movement. Smith has fused rock and poetry in her work. In 1978, her most widely known song, "Because the Night," co-written with Bruce Springsteen, reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number five on the UK Singles Chart.

In 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture. In 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In November 2010, Smith won the National Book Award for her memoir Just Kids, written to fulfill a promise she made to Robert Mapplethorpe, her longtime partner and friend. She is ranked 47th on Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Artists of all Time, published in 2010, and was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2011.
The Hunter (2011 Australian film)
The Hunter is a 2011 Australian drama film, directed by Daniel Nettheim and produced by Vincent Sheehan, based on the 1999 novel of the same name by Julia Leigh. It stars Willem Dafoe, Sam Neill, and Frances O'Connor.

Julia Leigh
Julia Leigh (born 1970) is an Australian novelist, film director and screenwriter. In 2011 her debut feature film Sleeping Beauty was selected to screen in official competition at the Cannes Film Festival. She is an author of two award-winning novels, The Hunter (1999) and Disquiet (2008), for which she has been described as a "sorceress who casts a spell of serene control while the earth quakes underfoot".
Nykvåg/Nykan Nature Reserve
The Nykvåg/Nykan Nature Reserve (Norwegian: Nykvåg/Nykan naturreservat) is located in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.

The nature reserve lies between the villages of Sandvika and Nykvåg, south of the Nyke/Tussen and Frugga nature reserves. It covers an area of 355.9 hectares (879 acres), of which 261.8 hectares (647 acres) is sea. The land area includes the west side of the island of Langøya and three larger islands (Fuglenyken, Måsnyken, and Spjøten) as well as several smaller islands. The area is protected to safeguard many important breeding sites for seabirds. The nature reserve was established on December 6, 2002. Norwegian County Road 916 passes by a bird cliff on the northeast edge of the reserve. It has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International (BLI) because it supports breeding populations of great cormorants, Atlantic puffins and razorbills.

Frugga Nature Reserve
The Frugga Nature Reserve (Norwegian: Frugga naturreservat) is located in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.

The nature reserve lies north of the Nykvåg/Nykan and Nyke/Tussen nature reserves, and covers an area of 102.5 hectares (253 acres), of which 75.2 hectares (186 acres) is sea. It includes the small island of Frugga and many small skerries. The area is protected in order to safeguard an Atlantic puffin nesting area. The nature reserve was established on December 6, 2002.
Kačák event
The Kačák event (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkatʃaːk]), also known as the Kačák-otomari event, is a widely recognised bioevent or series of events that occurred close to the end of the Eifelian age of the Middle Devonian period. It involved a global eustatic rise in sea level and ecological turnover. It was named for the Kačák Member of the Srbsko Formation in Bohemia, where it is represented by a black shale interval within a sequence of limestone. In marine environments, this appears as an anoxic event, often forming potential hydrocarbon source rocks such as the Marcellus Shale. Within the Old Red Sandstone continent, it is represented by the Achanarras lake, the deepest and most widespread lake that developed within the Orcadian Basin. The event is associated with significant extinctions, particularly amongst the Ammonoidea.

Marcellus Formation
The Marcellus Formation or the Marcellus Shale is a Middle Devonian age unit of sedimentary rock found in eastern North America.  Named for a distinctive outcrop near the village of Marcellus, New York,
it extends throughout much of the Appalachian Basin.

The unit name usage by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) includes Marcellus Shale and Marcellus Formation.  The term "Marcellus Shale" is the preferred name throughout most of the Appalachian region, although the term "Marcellus Formation" is also acceptable within the State of Pennsylvania. The unit was first described and named as the "Marcellus shales" by J. Hall in 1839.
Andrew Bloxam
Andrew Bloxam (22 September 1801 – 2 February 1878) was an English clergyman and naturalist; in his later life he had a particular interest in botany. He was the naturalist on board HMS Blonde during its voyage around South America and the Pacific in 1824–26, where he collected mainly birds. Later as a Church of England minister he lived in Warwickshire and Leicestershire and made significant contributions to the study of the natural history of the area. His special interest was in fungi and the genera Rubus and Rosa. His botanical author abbreviation is "A.Bloxam".

HMS Blonde (1819)
HMS Blonde was a 46-gun modified Apollo-class fifth-rate frigate of 1,103 tons burthen. She undertook an important voyage to the Pacific Ocean in 1824. She was used for harbour service from 1850 and was renamed HMS Calypso in 1870, before being sold in 1895.
William Grocyn
William Grocyn (c. 1446 – 1519) was an English humanist scholar and friend of Erasmus.

Grocyn was a prominent educator born in Colerne, Wiltshire. Intended for the church, he attended Winchester College and later New College, Oxford. He held various positions at the University of Oxford, including a fellowship at New College and a readership in divinity at Magdalen College. Grocyn visited Italy and studied Greek and Latin, later helping to promote Greek learning in England. Erasmus regarded him as a friend and preceptor.

Grocyn held several positions within the church, but his generosity led to financial difficulties. He died in 1519 and was buried in Maidstone. Although he did not leave many literary works, Erasmus praised his character and scholarship. Grocyn's legacy lives on in his namesake, the University of Oxford's chief lecturer on classical languages.

Colerne
Colerne is a village and civil parish in north Wiltshire, England. The village is about 3.5 miles (6 km) west of the town of Corsham and 7 miles (11 km) northeast of the city of Bath. It has an elevated and exposed position, 545 feet (166 m) above sea level, and overlooks the Box valley to the south (where Brunel's Box Tunnel is).

The parish includes the hamlets of Eastrip and Thickwood. It is bounded to the west by a stretch of the Fosse Way Roman road, which forms the county boundary with Gloucestershire, and to the east by the Bybrook River. Part of the northern boundary is the Doncombe Brook, a tributary of the Bybrook, and part of the southern boundary is the Lid Brook, another tributary.
Carting Island
Carting Island is the largest of the four islands owned by Stratford, Connecticut, in the Housatonic River between I-95 and the Merritt Parkway. The island is north of the Moses Wheeler Bridge, east of Peacock Island (Connecticut), and southwest of Long Island (Connecticut), and Pope's Flat, it is also south of  Fowler Island in Milford and the Igor I. Sikorsky Memorial Bridge. The island is uninhabited except for occasional visits by anglers, bird watchers and duck hunters. All transportation to and from the island is by boat.

From 2011, the island was part of a multi-year wetland restoration report by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, NOAA, and the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. The project goal was to eradicate an invasive species of plant known as Phragmites.

Long Island (Connecticut)
Long Island is the second smallest of the four islands owned by Stratford, Connecticut in the Housatonic River between I-95 and the Merritt Parkway. The island is north of the Moses Wheeler Bridge, northeast of Carting Island and Peacock Island (Connecticut), west of Pope's Flat and south of Fowler Island in Milford and the Igor I. Sikorsky Memorial Bridge. The island is uninhabited except for occasional visits by anglers, bird watchers and duck hunters.
Samuel Dixon
Samuel Dixon (born 1973) is an Australian record producer, songwriter and musician, based in London. Dixon has produced and written with artists including Adele, Sia, Kylie Minogue, Christina Aguilera, Paloma Faith and Jack Savoretti.  He is a multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work as a bass guitarist.

Jack Savoretti
Giovanni Edgar Charles Galletto-Savoretti (born 10 October 1983), known professionally as Jack Savoretti, is a British-Italian acoustic singer, songwriter, and musician. He has released eight studio albums to date: Between the Minds (2007), Harder Than Easy (2009), Before the Storm (2012), Written in Scars (2015), Sleep No More (2016), Singing to Strangers (2019), Europiana (2021) and Miss Italia (2024). Singing to Strangers became his first number-one album on the UK Albums Chart.
More Jazz Meets the Symphony
More Jazz Meets the Symphony is an album by Argentine-American composer, pianist and conductor Lalo Schifrin with bassist Ray Brown, drummer Grady Tate, trumpeter Jon Faddis, multi-instrumentalists Paquito D'Rivera and James Morrison, and the London Philharmonic Orchestra recorded in 1993 and released on the Atlantic label. The album was the second in Schifrin's highly acclaimed "Jazz Meets the Symphony" series.

Grady Tate
Grady Tate (January 14, 1932 – October 8, 2017) was an American jazz and soul-jazz drummer and baritone vocalist. In addition to his work as sideman, Tate released many albums as leader and lent his voice to songs in the animated Schoolhouse Rock! series. He received two Grammy nominations.
Songs of the Great Dominion
Songs of the Great Dominion was a pioneering anthology of Canadian poetry published in 1889. The book's full title was Songs of the Great Dominion: Voices from the Forests and Waters, the Settlements and Cities of Canada. The collection was selected and edited by William Douw Lighthall of Montreal. It was published in London, England by the firm of Walter Scott, as part of its "Windsor Series" of anthologies.

The book introduced Canadian and English audiences to a new generation of Canadian writers. It marked the first publication in book form for several poets, including Bliss Carman, Pauline Johnson, and Duncan Campbell Scott.

Bliss Carman
William Bliss Carman FRSC (April 15, 1861 – June 8, 1929) was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years.

In Canada, Carman is classed as one of the Confederation Poets, a group which also included Charles G.D. Roberts (his cousin), Archibald Lampman, and Duncan Campbell Scott. "Of the group, Carman had the surest lyric touch and achieved the widest international recognition. But unlike others, he never attempted to secure his income by novel writing, popular journalism, or non-literary employment. He remained a poet, supplementing his art with critical commentaries on literary ideas, philosophy, and aesthetics."
Cuneus
The cuneus (from Latin 'wedge'; pl.: cunei) is a smaller lobe in the occipital lobe of the brain. The cuneus is bounded anteriorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus and inferiorly by the calcarine sulcus.

Calcarine sulcus
The calcarine sulcus (or calcarine fissure) is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain of humans and other primates. Its name comes from the Latin "calcar" meaning "spur". It is very deep, and known as a complete sulcus.
Bradfield Highway (Sydney)
Bradfield Highway is a 2.1-kilometre (1.3 mi) highway that crosses the Sydney Harbour Bridge in Sydney, New South Wales and is one of the shortest highways in Australia. It opened along with the bridge itself on 19 March 1932 and was named in honour of John Bradfield, the engineer who designed and helped construct it.

John Bradfield (engineer)
John Job Crew Bradfield CMG (26 December 1867 – 23 September 1943) was an Australian engineer best known as the chief proponent of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, of which he oversaw both the design and construction. He worked for the New South Wales Department of Public Works from 1891 to 1933. He was the first recipient of an engineering doctorate from the University of Sydney, in 1924. Other notable projects with which he was associated include the Cataract Dam (completed 1907), the Burrinjuck Dam (completed 1928), and Brisbane's Story Bridge (completed 1940). The Harbour Bridge formed only one component of the City Circle, Bradfield's grand scheme for the railways of central Sydney, a modified version of which was completed after his death. He was also the designer of an unbuilt irrigation project known as the Bradfield Scheme, which proposed that remote areas of western Queensland and north-eastern South Australia could be made fertile by the diversion of rivers from North Queensland.
London Bridge (film)
London Bridge is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film directed by Anil C. Menon and written by Jinu V. Abraham, starring Prithviraj Sukumaran, Andrea Jeremiah, Nanditha Raj, Pratap Pothen and Mukesh. The film was entirely shot in the United Kingdom.

Rahul Raj composed three original songs and left the project owing to scheduling conflicts. Thus Carnatic vocalist Dr. Sreevalsan Menon was hired to compose two additional songs and Gopi Sundar was signed in to compose the background score. The film is produced by Antony Binoy and Sathish B. Satish under the banner Ordinary Pictures.

Nanditha Raj
Nandita Raj is an Indian actress. She made her debut in the Telugu film industry with the film Neeku Naaku Dash Dash, directed by Teja. She rose to prominence with the success of her second film Prema Katha Chitram, which earned her a Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination.
Catherine of Cleves (1417–1479)
Catherine of Cleves (25 May 1417 – 10 February 1479) was Duchess of Guelders by marriage to Arnold, Duke of Guelders. She acted as regent of Guelders during the absence of her spouse in 1450. The Hours of Catherine of Cleves was commissioned for her.

Hours of Catherine of Cleves
The Hours of Catherine of Cleves (Morgan Library and Museum, now divided in two parts, M. 917 and M. 945, the latter sometimes called the Guennol Hours or, less commonly, the Arenberg Hours) is an ornately illuminated manuscript in the Gothic art style, produced in about 1440 by the anonymous Dutch artist known as the Master of Catherine of Cleves. It is one of the most lavishly illuminated manuscripts to survive from the 15th century and has been described as one of the masterpieces of Northern European illumination. This book of hours contains the usual offices, prayers and litanies in Latin, along with supplemental texts, decorated with 157 colorful and gilded illuminations. Today, both parts of the manuscript that forms this book are housed at the Morgan Library and Museum in New York City.
Fantaghirò 2
Fantaghirò 2 (also known as The Cave of the Golden Rose 2) is the second television film in the Fantaghirò series, directed by Lamberto Bava and originally aired in 1992 as a two-parter (and so is known in certain releases as Fantaghirò 3 and Fantaghirò 4 due to the previous instalment being a two-parter as well). Most of the principal cast of the previous film returned for this instalment.

The story of Fantaghirò 2 tells the continuing adventures of the titular princess (Alessandra Martines), daughter of a king without a male heir (Mario Adorf), as she and Prince Romualdo (Kim Rossi Stuart) are finally about to get married. However, Princess Fantaghirò is soon forced to fight for his heart against the wicked Dark Witch (Brigitte Nielsen) who opposes their pure relationship and has cast her love spell over the prince, and so Fantaghirò heads towards the Dark Kingdom to defeat the evil queen.

Brigitte Nielsen
Brigitte Nielsen (Danish pronunciation: [pʁiˈkitə ˈne̝lsn̩]; born Gitte Nielsen; 15 July 1963) is a Danish actress, model, and singer. She began her career modelling for Greg Gorman and Helmut Newton. She subsequently acted in the 1985 films Red Sonja and Rocky IV, later returning to the Rocky series in Creed II (2018). Nielsen starred in the 1986 film Cobra alongside her then-husband Sylvester Stallone. She played a villain in Beverly Hills Cop II (1987) and starred as the Black Witch in the 1990s Italian film series Fantaghirò. She later built a career starring in B-movies, hosting TV shows, and appearing on reality shows.
Principle of transformation groups
The principle of transformation groups is a methodology for assigning prior probabilities in statistical inference issues, initially proposed by physicist E. T. Jaynes. It is regarded as an extension of the principle of indifference.

Prior probabilities determined by this principle are objective in that they rely solely on the inherent characteristics of the problem, ensuring that any two individuals applying the principle to the same issue would assign identical prior probabilities. Thus, this principle is integral to the objective Bayesian interpretation of probability.

Principle of indifference
The principle of indifference (also called principle of insufficient reason) is a rule for assigning epistemic probabilities. The principle of indifference states that in the absence of any relevant evidence, agents should distribute their credence (or "degrees of belief") equally among all the possible outcomes under consideration. It can be viewed as an application of the principle of parsimony and as a special case of the principle of maximum entropy.
In Bayesian probability, this is the simplest non-informative prior.