hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) is an astronomical observatory located on the summit of Mt. Cerro Tololo in the Coquimbo Region of northern Chile, with additional facilities located on Mt. Cerro Pachón about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast. It is approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of La Serena, where support facilities are located. 
The principal telescopes at CTIO are the 4 m Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, named after Puerto Rican astronomer Víctor Manuel Blanco, and the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, which is situated on Cerro Pachón. Other telescopes on Cerro Tololo include the 1.5 m, 1.3 m, 1.0 m, and 0.9 m telescopes operated by the SMARTS consortium. CTIO also hosts other research projects, such as PROMPT, WHAM, and LCOGTN, providing a platform for access to the southern hemisphere for U.S. and worldwide scientific research.

Las Cumbres Observatory
Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) is a network of astronomical observatories run by a non-profit private operating foundation directed by the technologist Wayne Rosing. Its offices are in Goleta, California. The telescopes are located at both northern and southern hemisphere sites distributed in longitude around the Earth. For some astronomical objects, the longitudinal spacing of telescopes allows continuous observations over 24 hours or longer. The operating network currently consists of two 2-meter telescopes, nine 1-meter telescopes, and seven 40-centimeter telescopes, placed at six astronomical observatories. The network operates as a single, integrated observing facility, using a software scheduler that continuously optimizes the planned observing schedule of each individual telescope.
Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) (abbr. ASP(KR)), commonly known as Aazad Samaj Party abbr. ASP), is an Indian registered, unrecognised political party in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It was founded by Chandrashekhar Azad.

Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)
Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan (born 5 December 1987; Hindi pronunciation: [t͡ʃən̪d̪ɾəʃeːkʰəɾ aːzaːd̪]), also known as Chandrashekhar and Chandrashekhar Azad 'Ravan', is an Indian politician, social activist, Ambedkarite and lawyer. He is serving as a Member of Parliament of the 18th Lok Sabha from Nagina since June 2024. He is the chief and co-founder of the Bhim Army, and the  National President of the Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram). In February 2021, Time magazine featured him in its annual list of 100 Emerging Leaders who are Shaping the Future.
Greater Magadha
Greater Magadha is a theory in the studies of the ancient history of India, introduced by Johannes Bronkhorst. It refers to the non-Vedic political and cultural sphere that developed in the  lower Gangetic plains (modern day Bihar, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal), east of the Vedic heartland and roughly corresponding to the region of the later Magadha empire.

According to Bronkhorst, out of the ideological opposition between these two cultural spheres – the Vedic realms of Kuru and Panchala in the west, and Śramaṇa of Greater Magadha in the east – developed the two main religious & spiritual ideologies of Ancient India. Critics have questioned Bronkhorst's assertion of a stark cultural division between East and West, as well as his claim that early Magadha was less influenced by Brahmanization.

Magadha
Magadha (IPA: [məɡəd̪ʰaː]) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (c. 320–185 BCE).
Greenwood (British Columbia electoral district)
Greenwood was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was located in there Boundary Country west of Grand Forks around the city of Greenwood. It first appeared on the hustings in the large redistribution prior to the 1903 election. For the 1924 election it was merged with the Grand Forks riding to form Grand Forks-Greenwood.

Grand Forks-Greenwood
Grand Forks-Greenwood was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia centred on the town of Grand Forks, in the Boundary Country between the Okanagan and Kootenay Countries. The riding first appeared in the 1924 election as the result of a merger of the former ridings of Greenwood and Grand Forks, and lasted until the 1963 election. As of 1966 the area was represented by Boundary-Similkameen. The same area is now part of West Kootenay-Boundary.
Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn
The Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn (Latin: Eparchia Sancti Maronis Bruklyniensis Maronitarum) is a Antiochene Syriac Maronite Church eparchy of the Catholic Church headquartered in Brooklyn, New York for the East Coast of the United States. In conformity with the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO), the eparchy is under the direct jurisdiction of the Roman Pontiff. In 2017 there were 33,000 baptized. It is led by eparch Gregory John Mansour.

Gregory John Mansour
Gregory John Mansour (born November 11, 1955, in Flint, Michigan) is an American Maronite prelate, who has served as the eparch (bishop) of the Maronite Eparchy of Saint Maron of Brooklyn, a diocese based in Brooklyn, New York, covering the Maronite Church in the eastern United States, since 2004.
Yakima Brewing
Yakima Brewing & Malting Co, also known as Grant's Brewery Pub, was a brewpub founded by Bert Grant in Yakima, Washington. With its opening in 1982, it was regarded as the first in the United States since Prohibition. The company produced beer independently or under a parent through 2004.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
Lam Ching-ying
Lam Ching-ying (Chinese: 林正英; Jyutping: lam4 zing3 jing1; born Lam Gun-bo (林根寶); 27 December 1952 – 8 November 1997) was a Hong Kong stuntman, actor, martial artist and action director. As a practitioner of martial arts Lam starred in a number of notable films that found recognition outside Hong Kong including Encounters of the Spooky Kind, The Prodigal Son, Heroes Shed No Tears, and his best-known role in Mr. Vampire.

The Prodigal Son (1981 film)
The Prodigal Son (Chinese: 敗家仔) is a 1981 Hong Kong martial arts and semi-biographical film directed by Sammo Hung and co-written with Barry Wong. The film stars Yuen Biao, Lam Ching-ying, and Frankie Chan. The film was released on 22 December 1981 and grossed HK$9,150,729. The Prodigal Son was nominated for two Hong Kong Film Awards and won the award for Best Action Choreography.

The film is a fictional retelling of the life of Leung Jan, a practitioner of Wing Chun. In this movie, Leung Jan, or as he is called in the movie Leung Chang, is depicted as the son of a wealthy man who is half-heartedly studying kung fu. Leung Chang's lack of expertise forces his father to pay people to lose to him in fights. After Leung Chang discovers that his father has been deceiving him, he becomes inspired to study martial arts more seriously and attempts to convince a kung fu expert to take him on as a student.
Channel Islands Measure 2020
The Channel Islands Measure 2020 (No. 2) is a Church of England measure passed by the General Synod of the Church of England transferring the Deanery of Guernsey  and Deanery of Jersey from the Diocese of Winchester to the Diocese of Salisbury.

Diocese of Salisbury
51°03′54″N 1°47′53″W﻿ / ﻿51.065°N 1.798°W﻿ / 51.065; -1.798

The Diocese of Salisbury is a Church of England diocese in the south of England, within the ecclesiastical Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers the historic county of Dorset (which excludes the deaneries of Bournemouth and Christchurch, which fall within the Diocese of Winchester as they were historically in Hampshire), most of Wiltshire (excepting an area in the north and Swindon), and the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. The diocese is led by Stephen Lake, Bishop of Salisbury, and by the diocesan synod. The bishop's seat is at Salisbury Cathedral.
Elaine Fantham
Elaine Fantham (born Elaine Crosthwaite, 25 May 1933 – 11 July 2016) was a British-Canadian classicist whose expertise lay particularly in Latin literature, especially comedy, epic poetry and rhetoric, and in the social history of Roman women. Much of her work was concerned with the intersection of literature and Greek and Roman history. She spoke fluent Italian, German and French and presented lectures and conference papers around the world—including in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Argentina, and Australia.

Her commentaries on Senecan tragedy, Lucan, and Ovid's Fasti  in particular led to renewed interest in these subjects. Likewise her articles on aspects of the representation and realities of women at Rome remain a foundation for academic work in these areas. She was also classics commentator on NPR's Weekend Edition.

Fantham was Giger Professor of Latin at Princeton University from 1986 to 1999.

Giger Professor of Latin
The Giger Professorship of Latin is an endowed chair for the teaching of Latin at Princeton University.

Established by the gift of George Musgrave Giger, who served as Professor of Greek and Latin at Princeton from 1847–1865, the chair has been held by a senior Latinist at Princeton intermittently since 1883, when University president James McCosh invited Andrew Fleming West to fill the newly founded position.
Pharazyn Reserve
Pharazyn Reserve is a public reserve located north of Waikanae, on the Kapiti Coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located adjacent to the Te Harakeke Swamp, a regionally significant area of harakeke and raupō wetland. The reserve covers an area of 41 ha (100 acres), and is managed by the Kapiti Coast District Council. The site was originally established as a sewage treatment plant in the 1970s, but was decommissioned in 2002. A long term environmental restoration project was commenced to restore the site as a recreation and wildlife reserve. The site is now described as one of the top 10 birdwatching sites in the Wellington Region. Recreational facilities in the reserve include walking paths, a children's playground with a flying fox, toilets and a bird hide overlooking one of the ponds.

Kāpiti Coast District
The Kāpiti Coast District (officially the Kapiti Coast District) is a local government district of the Wellington Region in the lower North Island of New Zealand, 50 km (31 mi) north of Wellington City. The district is named after Kapiti Island, a prominent island 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) offshore.

The population of the district is concentrated in a chain of coastal settlements along State Highway One: Ōtaki, Te Horo, Waikanae, Paraparaumu, Raumati Beach, Raumati South, and Paekākāriki. Paraparaumu is the most populous of these towns and the commercial and administrative centre. Much of the rural land is given over to horticulture; market gardens are common along the highway between the settlements. The area available for agriculture and settlement is narrow and coastal. Much of the eastern part of the district is within the Tararua Forest Park, which covers the rugged Tararua Range, with peaks rising to over 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
Rachel House
Rachel Jessica Te Ao Maarama House ONZM (born 20 October 1971) is a New Zealand actress and director. She is best known for her roles in the films of Taika Waititi. She has received numerous accolades including an Arts Laureate, NZ Order of Merit, "Mana Wahine" from WIFT NZ and Te Waipuna a Rangi (Matariki Awards) for her contributions as an actor and director.

Arts Foundation of New Zealand
The Arts Foundation of New Zealand Te Tumu Toi is a New Zealand arts organisation that supports artistic excellence and facilitates private philanthropy through raising funds for the arts and allocating it to New Zealand artists.

The foundation produces award programmes that provide recognition and money prizes to New Zealand artists working in across all art forms. This includes writers, fine artists, musicians, dancers, choreographers, theatre-makers and screen artists.
Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)
The Israeli Military Intelligence (Hebrew: אגף המודיעין, romanized: Agaf ha-Modi'in, lit. 'the Intelligence Section'), often abbreviated to Aman (Hebrew: אמ״ן), is the central, overarching military intelligence body of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Aman was created in 1950, when the Intelligence Department was spun off from the IDF's General Staff. The Intelligence Department was composed largely of former members of the Haganah Intelligence Service. Aman is an independent service, and not part of the ground forces, Navy or the Air Force.

It is one of the main entities and the largest component of the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Mossad and Shin Bet. It includes the cyber warfare branch Unit 8200, the human intelligence Unit 504, the secret technology Unit 81, and the training course Havatzalot Program. Its special operations are conducted by the General Staff Reconnaissance Unit (Sayeret Matkal).

Unit 81
Unit 81 (Hebrew: יחידה 81, Yechida Shmone Achat, "Unit eight one") is a secret, highly classified technology unit part of the Special Operations Division of the Military Intelligence Directorate, an independent service of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The unit focuses on building, supplying, and providing training in cutting-edge technologies to Israeli elite commando forces and spies.
Atascadero, California
Atascadero (Spanish for "Mire") is a city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, located on U.S. Route 101. Atascadero is part of the San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses the extents of the county. Atascadero is farther inland than most other cities in the county, and as a result, usually experiences warmer, drier summers, and cooler winters than other nearby cities such as San Luis Obispo and Pismo Beach. The main freeway through town is U.S. 101. The nearby State Routes 41 and 46 provide access to the Pacific Coast and the Central Valley of California.

Founded by E. G. Lewis in 1913, the city grew to 29,773 people as of 2020. Atascadero State Hospital is located in the city.

Edward Gardner Lewis
Edward Gardner Lewis (March 4, 1869 – August 10, 1950) was an American magazine publisher, land development promoter, and political activist. He was the founder of two planned communities that are now cities: University City, Missouri, and Atascadero, California. He created the American Woman's League (1907), a benefits fund for women who sold magazine subscriptions, as well as the American Woman's Republic (1911), a parallel organization designed to help women prepare themselves for a future in which they would have the right to vote. He also founded the People's University and its associated Art Academy in University City, as well as two daily newspapers and two banks.
Bassett, Minnesota
Bassett is an unincorporated community in Bassett Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States located within the Superior National Forest.

The community is located 23 miles southeast of the city of Hoyt Lakes on Saint Louis County Highway 16. Highway 16 serves as a direct east–west route in northeast Minnesota between U.S. Highway 53 and Silver Bay. Bassett is located 34 miles northwest of the city of Two Harbors.

The boundary line between Saint Louis and Lake counties is near Bassett.

Hall Road and Round Lake Road are both in the vicinity.

The communities of Fairbanks, Toimi, Petrel, Brimson, Rollins, and Wales are all located near Bassett.

Toimi Creek and Petrel Creek both flow through the community.

The town was threatened by the Camp House Fire of May 2025.

St. Louis County, Minnesota
St. Louis County is a county  in the Arrowhead Region of  Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county in Minnesota by land area, and the largest in the United States by total area east of the Mississippi River.
St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN–Superior, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Open pit mining of taconite and processing it into high grade iron ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range and is directly tied to shipping in the twin ports of Duluth and Superior. Parts of the federally recognized Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.
Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.)
Logan Circle is a historic roundabout park and neighborhood of Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. The majority of Logan Circle is primarily residential, except for the highly-commercialized 14th Street corridor that passes through the western part of the neighborhood. In the 21st century, Logan Circle has been the focus of urban redevelopment and become one of Washington's most expensive neighborhoods. Logan Circle is also one of the city's most prominent gay neighborhoods.

Logan Circle includes two historic districts, as well as numerous sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as D.C. Historic Landmarks. The circle's origins date to the 1870s, when the area was developed as a residential neighborhood to serve Washington's growing bourgeoisie. In 1901, President William McKinley inaugurated the General Logan equestrian statue at the center of the circle's park. In 1930, the U.S. Congress officially named the circle in honor of Union General John A. Logan.

Downtown (Washington, D.C.)
Downtown is the central business district of Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. It is the third largest central business district in the United States. The "Traditional Downtown" has been defined as an area roughly between Union Station in the east and 16th Street NW in the west, and between the National Mall on the south and  Massachusetts Avenue on the north, including Penn Quarter. However, nowadays, Downtown D.C. can often refer to a larger area, as the DC Office of Planning states:

…most residents, workers, and visitors think of Downtown in a broader sense — including areas as far north as Dupont Circle, as far west as Foggy Bottom, and as far east as Capitol Hill. Only about half of the central city workforce is located within the city’s traditional Downtown.

A small portion of this area is known as the Downtown Historic District and was listed on the NRHP in 2001.
Poleshuks
The Poleshuks, or Polishchuks, also known as Polesians (Ukrainian: поліщуки, romanized: polishchuky, Belarusian: палешукі, romanized: paleshuki, Russian: полещуки, romanized: poleshchuki, Polish: Poleszucy) are the indigenous population of  Polesia (also known as Polesie and Polissia). Their native speech forms a dialect continuum between the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages and includes recently codified West Polesian, as well as many local variations and sub-dialects.

Polesia
Polesia, also called Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye, is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the East European Plain, including the Belarus–Ukraine border region and part of eastern Poland. This region should not be confused with parts of Russia also traditionally called "Polesie".
Advanced IRB
The term Advanced IRB or A-IRB is an abbreviation of advanced internal ratings-based approach, and it refers to a set of credit risk measurement techniques proposed under Basel II capital adequacy rules for banking institutions.

Under this approach the banks are allowed to develop their own empirical model to quantify required capital for credit risk. Banks can use this approach only subject to approval from their local regulators.

Under A-IRB banks are supposed to use their own quantitative models to estimate PD (probability of default), EAD (exposure at default), LGD (loss given default) and other parameters required for calculating the RWA (risk-weighted asset). Then total required capital is calculated as a fixed percentage of the estimated RWA.

Reforms to the internal ratings-based approach to credit risk are due to be introduced under the Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms.

Exposure at default
Exposure at default (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor.

Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as credit exposure (CE). It represents the immediate loss that the lender would suffer if the borrower (counterparty) fully defaults on its debt.

The EAD is closely linked to the expected loss, which is defined as the product of the EAD, the probability of default (PD) and the loss given default (LGD).
R4 expressway (Slovakia)
R4 expressway (Slovak: Rýchlostná cesta R4) is an expressway in the north–south direction in eastern Slovakia. Initially planned to be completed in 2023, the completed 130 kilometres (81 mi) long expressway will connect the state border of Poland to the border with Hungary, passing Svidník, Prešov and Košice.

On the Polish side, the R4 will be connected to the S19 expressway; on the Hungarian side, to the M30 motorway. The section between Prešov and Košické Oľšany is shared with D1, and sections between Košické Oľšany and Haniska with R2. The road is part of the proposed Via Carpatia route.

R2 expressway (Slovakia)
R2 is an expressway (Slovak: rýchlostná cesta) in Slovakia, which begins near Trenčín and ends near Košice. It passes Bánovce nad Bebravou, Prievidza, Žiar nad Hronom, Zvolen, Lučenec, Rimavská Sobota and Rožňava. Sections between Žiar nad Hronom and Zvolen are shared with R1 and R3. There is also a planned shared section between Ráztočno and Žiar nad Hronom with R3.

In view of the current intentions of the Ministry of Transport, the entire length of the expressway cannot be expected to be operational before 2050.
Achol-Pii Refugee Settlement
The Achol-Pii Refugee Settlement was a major refugee and internally displaced person camp in present-day Agago District in Uganda. Located in what was formerly Pader District, it was one of the earliest and largest refugee camps in Uganda, serving as a critical shelter for displaced populations across several decades.

Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement
Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement is a major refugee camp located in Bweyale in Kiryandongo District, Uganda. The settlement serves as a home for refugees from multiple countries including Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Sudan, and South Sudan.