hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isaac Bashevis Singer
Isaac Bashevis Singer (Yiddish: יצחק באַשעװיס זינגער; November 11, 1903 – July 24, 1991) was a Polish-born Jewish novelist, short-story writer, memoirist, essayist, and translator in the United States. Some of his works were adapted for the theater. He wrote and published first in Yiddish and later translated his own works into English with the help of editors and collaborators. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978. A leading figure in the Yiddish literary movement, he was awarded two U.S. National Book Awards, one in Children's Literature for his memoir A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw (1970) and one in Fiction for his collection A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories (1974).

Yiddish literature
Yiddish literature encompasses all those belles-lettres written in Yiddish, the language of Ashkenazic Jewry which is related to Middle High German. The history of Yiddish, with its roots in central Europe and locus for centuries in Eastern Europe, is evident in its literature.

It is generally described as having three historical phases: Old Yiddish literature; Haskalah and Hasidic literature; and modern Yiddish literature. While firm dates for these periods are hard to pin down, Old Yiddish can be said to have existed roughly from 1300 to 1780; Haskalah and Hasidic literature from 1780 to about 1890; and modern Yiddish literature from 1864 to the present.

An important bibliography of Yiddish literature is the Leksikon Fun Der Nayer Yidisher Literatur (Lexicon of Modern Yiddish Literature) published by the Congress for Jewish Culture in 8 volumes between 1956 and 1981, containing a brief presentation of around 7,000 writers.
Exercise Tiger
Exercise Tiger, or Operation Tiger was one of a series of large-scale rehearsals for the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Held in April 1944 on Slapton Sands in Devon, it proved fraught with difficulties. Coordination and communication problems resulted in friendly fire injuries during the exercise, and an Allied convoy positioning itself for the landing was attacked by E-boats of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, resulting in the deaths of at least 749 American servicemen.

Because of the impending invasion of Normandy, the incident was under the strictest secrecy at the time and was only minimally reported afterwards.

Slapton, Devon
Slapton is a village and civil parish in the South Hams district of Devon, England. It is located near the A379 road between Kingsbridge and Dartmouth, and lies within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The nearby beach is Slapton Sands; despite its name, it is not a sandy beach but a shingle one.

In 1901 the population of the civil parish was 527, decreasing to 473 in 2001, and decreasing further to 434 at the 2011 census. The parish is surrounded clockwise from the north by the parishes of Blackawton, Strete, Stokenham and East Allington.
Black Country Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Black Country Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS foundation trust which provides specialist mental health, learning disability, and community healthcare services for the population of the Black Country.

The trust was established on 1 April 2020 after merging Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and Dudley and Walsall Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust.

Marsha Foster has been chief executive since January 2023 and Philip Gayle has been chairman since December 2024. Half the board members are black and minority ethnic, the only trust in England to achieve that.

Dudley Integrated Health and Care NHS Trust
Dudley Integrated Health and Care NHS Trust (DIHC) was an NHS trust set up in August 2020, providing primary care and integrated health services across Dudley. The Trust was previously known as Dudley and Walsall Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust.
Eckerö Linjen
Eckerö Linjen is a Finnish shipping company operating a ferry between Berghamn harbour in Eckerö in the Åland Islands and Grisslehamn in Sweden. The company is owned by the Åland based Rederiaktiebolaget Eckerö. Eckerö Linjen should not be confused with its similarly named sister company Eckerö Line, which operates ferry services between Helsinki in Finland and Tallinn in Estonia.

Eckerö Line
Eckerö Line is a Finnish shipping company owned by the Åland-based Rederiaktiebolaget Eckerö.  Eckerö Line operates two ferries between Helsinki (Finland) and Tallinn (Estonia). Eckerö Line should not be confused with the similarly named Eckerö Linjen, also owned by Rederiaktiebolaget Eckerö, which operates ferry services between Berghamn in the Åland Islands and Grisslehamn in Sweden.
Clapham
Clapham (/ˈklæpəm/) is a district in south west London, England, lying mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, but with some areas (including Clapham Common) extending into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.

Clapham Common
Clapham Common is a large triangular urban park in Clapham, south London, England. Originally common land for the parishes of Battersea and Clapham, it was converted to parkland under the terms of the Metropolitan Commons Act 1878. It is 220 acres (89 hectares) of green space, with three ponds and a Victorian bandstand. It is overlooked by large Georgian and Victorian mansions and nearby Clapham Old Town.

Holy Trinity Clapham, an 18th-century Georgian church overlooking the park, is important in the history of the evangelical Clapham Sect. Half of the park is within the London Borough of Wandsworth, and the other half is within the London Borough of Lambeth.
Dieulacres Abbey
Dieulacres Abbey was a Cistercian monastery established by Ranulf, Earl of Chester at Poulton in Cheshire. It moved to the present site at Abbey Green near Leek, Staffordshire in 1214, possibly in part as a result from raids at the former site by Welsh marauders.

Leek, Staffordshire
Leek is a market town and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of the county of Staffordshire, England. The town lies on the River Churnet, 10 miles (16 km) north east of Stoke-on-Trent. In 2021 it had a population of 19,385.

Leek is an ancient borough and was granted its royal charter in 1214. It is the administrative centre for the Staffordshire Moorlands District Council. King John granted Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, the right to hold a weekly Wednesday market and an annual seven-day fair in Leek in 1207.

Leek's coat of arms is a saltire shield. On the top is the Stafford knot, either side is the Leek double sunset and below a gold garb. The crest is a mural crown with three mulberry leaves on a mount of heather on top of which a moorcock is resting his claw on a small-weave shuttle. The motto Arte favente nil desperandum translates to: Our skill assisting us, we have no cause for despair.
Plücker formula
In mathematics, a Plücker formula, named after Julius Plücker, is one of a family of formulae, of a type first developed  by Plücker in the 1830s, that relate certain numeric invariants of algebraic curves to corresponding invariants of their dual curves. The invariant called the genus, common to both the curve and its dual, is connected to the other invariants by similar formulae. These formulae, and the fact that each of the invariants must be a positive integer, place quite strict limitations on their possible values.

Dual curve
In projective geometry, a dual curve of a given plane curve C is a curve in the dual projective plane consisting of the set of lines tangent to C. There is a map from a curve to its dual, sending each point to the point dual to its tangent line. If C is algebraic then so is its dual and the degree of the dual is known as the class of the original curve. The equation of the dual of C, given in line coordinates, is known as the tangential equation of C. Duality is an involution: the dual of the dual of C is the original curve C.

The construction of the dual curve is the geometrical underpinning for the Legendre transformation in the context of Hamiltonian mechanics.
Thomas Rosenau
Thomas Rosenau (born 1969) is a German-Austrian chemist and wood scientist specializing in chemistry, who is professor at the Department of Chemistry at BOKU University in Vienna, and also, elected member at the International Academy of Wood Science and honorary recipient of the Anselme Payen Award.

International Academy of Wood Science
The International Academy of Wood Science (IAWS) is an international academy and a non-profit assembly of wood scientists, recognizing all fields of wood science with their associated technological domains and securing a worldwide representation.

Since June 2023, the academy is represented by Dr. Stavros Avramidis, a Greek-Canadian professor and wood scientist who serves as the 19th President of the IAWS, and, also by Dr. Ingo Burgert, a German-Swiss wood scientist, who is presently the elected vice-president for the period 2023–2026.
New West Motel
New West Motel is the fifth studio album by alternative rock band The Walkabouts. It was released in 1993 on Sub Pop Records. It is a double album, where all songs are credited to Chris Eckman or/and The Walkabouts except for a cover of Texan cult musician Townes Van Zandt's "Snake Mountain Blues".

The Walkabouts
The Walkabouts were an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington in 1984. The core members were vocalist Carla Torgerson and vocalist and songwriter Chris Eckman. Although the rest of the lineup changed occasionally, for most of the time the other members were Michael Wells, Glenn Slater and Terri Moeller.

The band drew inspiration from folk and country music, particularly Townes Van Zandt, Neil Young and Johnny Cash, but also from other types of artists and musical styles such as Scott Walker, Leonard Cohen, French chanson and Jacques Brel. Their sound was typically rich, with string arrangements and keyboards in addition to the standard rock instruments.

The Walkabouts achieved commercial success and a strong fanbase in Europe, where they had done promotion and extensive touring starting from the early 1990s. They occasionally even made it high on the record charts in countries such as Greece and Norway.
10th Venice International Film Festival
The 10th annual Venice International Film Festival  was held from 11 August to 1 September 1949. The Venice Film Festival came back permanently to the Palazzo del Cinema on the Venice Lido.

The award for the Best Film in competition was renamed to Golden Lion of Saint Mark (an allusion to the Lion of Saint Mark, which is one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice). Manon, directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot was awarded with the Golden Lion.

Golden Lion
The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is widely regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes. In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice. In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.
Ceprano
Ceprano (Central-Northern Latian dialect: Ceprane) is a comune in the province of Frosinone, in the Valle Latina, part of the Lazio region of Central Italy.

It is 106 kilometres (66 mi) south of Rome and about 127 kilometres (79 mi) north of Naples.

In 1994, the Ceprano Man, a 450,000 year old prehistoric human skull cap, was discovered in the area.

Ceprano Man
Ceprano Man, Argil, and Ceprano Calvarium, is a Middle Pleistocene archaic human fossil, a single skull cap (calvarium), accidentally unearthed in a highway construction project in 1994 near Ceprano in the Province of Frosinone, Italy. It was initially considered Homo cepranensis, Homo erectus, or possibly Homo antecessor; but in recent studies, most regard it either as a form of Homo heidelbergensis sharing affinities with African forms, or an early morph of Neanderthal.
Ryan Bayldon-Lumsden
Ryan Donald Bayldon-Lumsden (born 23 September 1992) is an Australian former politician who served as a member of the Gold Coast City Council from 2020 until 2024. He was suspended from council on 15 September 2023 after being charged with the murder of his stepfather.

Bayldon-Lumsden ran for re-election at the 2024 Gold Coast City Council election but was unsuccessful, coming third on first preferences with 21.72% of the vote. Former Liberal National Party staffer Joe Wilkinson was elected in a tight three-way race.

City of Gold Coast
The City of Gold Coast is the local government area spanning the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, and surrounding areas. It is on the central eastern coast of Australia adjoining the Pacific Ocean. With a population of 606,774, it is the second most populous local government area in the state of Queensland (Brisbane being the largest). Its council maintains a staff of over 2,500. The council was established in 1948, and has existed in its present form since 2008. The City of Gold Coast borders New South Wales and Tweed Shire to the south, Scenic Rim to the west, and Logan and Redland to the northwest and north, respectively.
Cunninghams Gap
Cunninghams Gap is a pass over the Great Dividing Range between the Darling Downs and the Fassifern Valley in Queensland, Australia. The Gap is the major route over the Main Range along the Great Dividing Range, between Warwick and Brisbane.  The Cunningham Highway was built to provide road transport between the two regions.

It is situated in Main Range National Park, between the peaks of Mount Cordeaux and Mount Mitchell. On a clear day the pass forms a distinct break in Main Range's profile as seen from Brisbane.  It is located in Tregony in the Southern Downs Region immediately beside the boundary to Tarome in the Scenic Rim Region local government area.

The highway itself is a scenic drive although steep with an eight degree grade on the descent.

Main Range National Park
The Main Range is a mountain range and national park in Queensland, Australia, located predominantly in Tregony, Southern Downs Region, 85 kilometres (53 mi) southwest of Brisbane. It is part of the World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia (formerly known as the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves). It protects the western part of a semicircle of mountains in South East Queensland known as the Scenic Rim. This includes the largest area of rainforest in South East Queensland.  The park is part of the Scenic Rim Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in the conservation of several species of threatened birds.
Aaron Ekblad
Aaron Ekblad (born February 7, 1996) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman and alternate captain for the Florida Panthers in the National Hockey League (NHL). Ekblad was selected first overall in the 2011 Ontario Hockey League (OHL) draft, and he was selected first overall by the Panthers in the 2014 NHL entry draft and made his NHL debut that year. In his first NHL season, Ekblad was selected for the 2015 NHL All-Star Game and earned the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's best rookie in the 2014–15. Ekblad won back-to-back Stanley Cup championships with the Panthers in 2024 and 2025.

Prior to joining the NHL, Ekblad played major junior ice hockey for the Barrie Colts of the OHL. He was granted exceptional player status unanimously by Hockey Canada, which allowed him to play in major junior level a year early. Ekblad is the leader in games played and points scored by a defenceman in Florida Panthers franchise history.

2025 Stanley Cup Final
The 2025 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2024–25 season and the culmination of the 2025 Stanley Cup playoffs. In a rematch of the previous year's Final, the Eastern Conference and defending Stanley Cup champion Florida Panthers defeated the Western Conference champion Edmonton Oilers four games to two in the best-of-seven series, earning their second consecutive championship, as well as the second title in team history.

The series began on June 4 and concluded on June 17. Edmonton had home ice advantage in the series due to having the better regular season record. This was the sixth consecutive Final to feature a team from Florida. This was the first time since 2009 that the Final featured a rematch of the previous season. It was also the first time since 2012 that neither finalist had home-ice advantage in the first three rounds.
Otto Wilhelm von Struve
Otto Wilhelm von Struve (May 7, 1819 (Julian calendar: April 25) – April 14, 1905) was a Russian astronomer of Baltic German origins. In Russian, his name is normally given as Otto Vasil'evich Struve (Отто Васильевич Струве). He headed the Pulkovo Observatory between 1862 and 1889 and was a leading member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Hermann von Struve
Karl Hermann von Struve (3 October [O.S. 21 September] 1854 – 12 August 1920) was a Baltic German astronomer. In Russian, his name is sometimes given as German Ottovich Struve (Герман Оттович Струве) or German Ottonovich Struve (Герман Оттонович Струве).

Hermann von Struve was a part of the famous group of astronomers from the Struve family, which also included his grandfather Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, father Otto Wilhelm von Struve, brother Ludwig Struve and nephew Otto Struve. Unlike other astronomers of the Struve family, Herman spent most of his career in Germany. Continuing the family tradition, Struve's research was focused on determining the positions of stellar objects. He was particularly known for his work on satellites of planets of the Solar System and development of the intersatellite method of correcting their orbital position. The mathematical Struve function is named after him.
Mohale's Hoek District
Mohale's Hoek is a district of Lesotho. Mohale's Hoek is the capital city or camptown, and only town in the district. In the southwest, Mohale's Hoek borders on South Africa, while domestically, it borders on Mafeteng District in northwest, Maseru District in north, Thaba-Tseka District in northeast, Qacha's Nek District in east, and Quthing District in southeast.

As of 2006, the district had a population of 176,928 which was 9.43 per cent of the total population of the country. The total area of the district was 3,530 which was 11.63 per cent of the total area of the country. The density of population in the district was 50.00 per km2. As of 2008, there were 42 per cent economically active people in the district. There were totally 111,150 employed people out of a total of 223,867 people in the district above 15 years of age. The total area planted in 2009 was 27,320 which formed 6.77 per cent of the total area planted in the country.

Quthing District
Quthing is a district of Lesotho. The town of Quthing (also known as Moyeni) is the camp town or capital of the district. There are two of the most important sets of dinosaur footprints in the region. There is a large panel of Bushman paintings at Qomoqomong. Quthing district is home to the Masitise Cave House, a satellite location of the Morija Museum & Archives. In the southwest, south and east, Quthing borders on the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.  Domestically, it borders Mohale's Hoek District in the north and Qacha's Nek District in the northeast.

As of 2006, the district had a population of 124,048 which was 6.61 per cent of the total population of the country. The total area of the district was 2,916 which was 9.61 per cent of the total area of the country. As of 2008, there were totally 62,602 employed people out of a total of 140,057 people in the district above 15 years of age.
Dalton Harris
Dalton Harris (born 29 December 1993) is a Jamaican singer. In 2010, he won Digicel Rising Star, and subsequently signed with VP Records. In 2018, he won the final series of The X Factor in the United Kingdom.

The X Factor (British TV series) series 15
The fifteenth and final series of the British television music competition The X Factor began airing on ITV on 1 September 2018, presented by Dermot O'Leary. Simon Cowell returned alongside new judges Louis Tomlinson, Ayda Field (credited as Ayda Williams), and Robbie Williams who replace departing judges Nicole Scherzinger, Sharon Osbourne, and Louis Walsh. Nile Rodgers filled in for Williams while he was away on his tour for weeks 3–5 of the live shows.

On 2 December, Jamaican-born singer Dalton Harris won the series making him the first and only foreign contender to win the UK show. This was the only series that featured Tomlinson, Field, and Williams as judges.

After this series, the show was put on a 'break' and in 2019 the show was replaced by a Celebrity spin-off and a Band spin-off. In 2020, it was announced that the show was still on a 'break'. However, in July 2021, it was confirmed that the show has been officially cancelled after 17 years.
Rex Allen Arizona Cowboy Museum and Willcox Cowboy Hall of Fame
The Rex Allen Arizona Cowboy Museum and Willcox Cowboy Hall of Fame, is a museum in Willcox, Arizona, United States. Rex Elvie Allen (1920-1999), born and raised 40 miles north of Willcox, was known as the "Arizona Cowboy" and "Mister Cowboy". Allen was an authentic cowboy. Allen was an American film and television actor, singer and songwriter. He became famous in the 1950s as one of the last singing cowboys, and as the narrator of many Disney nature and Western productions.

The museum includes photographs, movie posters, cowboy outfits, records, musical instruments and other memorabilia. Across the street from the museum is a bronze statue of Rex Allen. It features the memorabilia of local actor and singer Rex Allen. The Willcox Cowboy Hall of Fame features portraits of area old-time cowboys who worked in the ranch industry.

Rex Allen
Rex Elvie Allen Sr. (December 31, 1920 – December 17, 1999), known as "The Arizona Cowboy," was an American film and television actor, singer and songwriter; he was also the narrator of many Disney nature and Western productions. For his contributions to the film industry, Allen received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1975, located at 6821 Hollywood Boulevard.
3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.