hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Lewes
The Battle of Lewes was one of two main battles of the conflict known as the Second Barons' War. It took place at Lewes in Sussex, on 14 May 1264. It marked the high point of the career of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and made him the "uncrowned King of England". Henry III's forces left the safety of Lewes Castle and St. Pancras Priory to engage the barons in battle and were initially successful, with Henry's son Prince Edward routing part of the baronial army with a cavalry charge. However, Edward pursued his quarry off the battlefield and left Henry's men exposed. Henry was forced to launch an infantry attack up Offham Hill where he was defeated by the barons' men defending the summit. The royalists fled back to the castle and priory and the King was forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, ceding many of his powers to de Montfort.

Second Barons' War
The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by some of de Montfort's supporters (and his sons Henry and Simon) in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts.
Gib Hill
Gib Hill is a large burial mound in the Peak District, Derbyshire, England. It is thought to be a Neolithic oval barrow with an Early Bronze Age round barrow superimposed at one end. It is located some 300 metres south-west of Arbor Low henge.

Arbor Low
Arbor Low is a well-preserved Neolithic henge in the Derbyshire Peak District, England. It lies on a Carboniferous Limestone plateau known as the White Peak area. The monument consists of a stone circle surrounded by earthworks and a ditch.
Diary of an Oxygen Thief
Diary of an Oxygen Thief is a 2006 Dutch novel, written anonymously and published in Amsterdam by NLVI. Diary of an Oxygen Thief was called a "surprise dark-horse Williamsburg best seller" by New York Magazine, referring to the independent art, literature, and  music scene in Brooklyn, New York. It is the first book of the Diary of an Oxygen Thief series, followed by Chameleon in a Candy Store and Eunuchs and Nymphomaniacs.

Chameleon in a Candy Store
Chameleon in a Candy Store (originally titled Chameleon on a Kaleidoscope) is a 2012 Dutch novel written by Anonymous. It is the second book in the Diary of an Oxygen Thief series and followed by Eunuchs and Nymphomaniacs.
Downtown West, St. Louis
Downtown West is a neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri. It is, as the name suggests, a section of downtown that is further inland, west from the banks of the Mississippi River. St. Louis City Hall, the Metropolitan Police Headquarters, St. Louis Union Station, Stifel Theatre, Enterprise Center, the City Museum and Energizer Park are all located in Downtown West. The Washington Avenue Historic District is a former garment district consisting of turn of the previous century high rise warehouses converted into residential lofts, restaurants, taverns, and coffee shops. It is bounded by Jefferson Avenue on the west, Tucker Boulevard on the east, Cole Street on the north, and Chouteau Avenue on the south.

Downtown St. Louis
Downtown St. Louis is the central business district of St. Louis, Missouri, the hub of tourism and entertainment, and the anchor of the St. Louis metropolitan area. The downtown is bounded by Cole Street to the north, the river front to the east, Chouteau Avenue to the south, and Tucker Boulevard to the west. (If the neighborhood defined by the city as Downtown West, St. Louis, is included, however, then it extends further west to Jefferson Avenue.) The downtown is the site of many corporate headquarters, including Stifel Financial Corp., HOK, Spire Inc, and a host of other companies. Downtown is also the site of Busch Stadium, the Dome at America's Center, Gateway Arch National Park, Basilica of St. Louis, King of France, as well as several other notable cultural centers.
Willem de Kooning
Willem de Kooning (/də ˈkuːnɪŋ/ də KOO-ning, Dutch: [ˈʋɪləm də ˈkoːnɪŋ]; April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997) was a Dutch-American abstract expressionist artist. Born in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, he moved to the United States in 1926, becoming a U.S. citizen in 1962. In 1943, he married painter Elaine Fried.

In the years after World War II, De Kooning painted in a style that came to be referred to as abstract expressionism or "action painting", and was part of a group of artists that came to be known as the New York School. Other painters in this group included Jackson Pollock, Elaine de Kooning, Lee Krasner, Franz Kline, Arshile Gorky, Mark Rothko, Hans Hofmann, John Ferren, Nell Blaine, Conrad Marca-Relli, James Brooks, Adolph Gottlieb, Jack Tworkov, Norman Lewis, Anne Ryan, Robert Motherwell, Philip Guston, Clyfford Still, and Richard Pousette-Dart. De Kooning's retrospective held at MoMA in 2011–2012 rendered him one of the best-known artists of the 20th century.

Franz Kline
Franz Kline (May 23, 1910 – May 13, 1962) was an American painter. He is associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement of the 1940s and 1950s. Kline, along with other action painters like Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Robert Motherwell, John Ferren, and Lee Krasner, as well as local poets, dancers, and musicians, came to be known as the informal group, the New York School. Although he explored the same innovations to painting as the other artists in this group, Kline's work is distinct in itself and has been revered since the 1950s.
Ginetta G40
The Ginetta G40 is a sports car which has been built by Ginetta Cars since 2008. It is available in two versions; a road-going version, named the G40R, and the race version, the G40, which is available in two specifications; one of which is the G40 Challenge, the other is the G40 Junior, which were designed for the Ginetta GT5 Challenge and the Ginetta Junior Championship respectively. The G40 replaced the Ginetta G20 race car, and also replaced the road version of the Ginetta G50.

Ginetta G50
The Ginetta G50 is a specialist GT4 class-developed racing car, designed by Ginetta Cars. A road version of the car was planned, but did not enter wide-scale production; instead, the smaller Ginetta G40 was launched.
Lake Grace, Western Australia
Lake Grace is a town in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 345 kilometres (214 mi) from Perth along State Route 107 between Wagin and Ravensthorpe. It is the main town in the Shire of Lake Grace. At the 2021 census, Lake Grace had a population of 477.

Shire of Lake Grace
The Shire of Lake Grace is a local government area in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, about 350 kilometres (217 mi) ESE of the state capital, Perth. The Shire has a land area of 10,379 square kilometres (4,007 sq mi) and its seat of government is the town of Lake Grace.
Talk of the Nation
Talk of the Nation (TOTN) 
is an American talk radio program based in Washington D.C., produced by National Public Radio (NPR) that was broadcast nationally from 2 to 4 p.m. Eastern Time. It focused on current events and controversial issues.

The show began broadcasting in November 1991. It was hosted by Neal Conan from late 2001 to June 27, 2013, the program's last day on air. Each episode featured guests discussing current affairs. Past regular hosts have included John Hockenberry, Ray Suarez, and Juan Williams. On Fridays Ira Flatow hosted Science Friday, with discussion topics from science and technology. The program invited listeners to pose questions for the guest host or hosts by telephone or e-mail.

On March 29, 2013, NPR announced that it would cease production of TOTN at the end of June, replacing it with an expanded version of Here and Now, an NPR/WBUR-FM co-production.

Science Friday continued as an independent show.

Here and Now (Boston)
Here and Now (stylized as Here & Now) is a public radio magazine program produced by NPR and WBUR-FM in Boston and distributed across the United States by NPR to over 450 stations, with an estimated 5 million weekly listeners.
BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI–VIII
The BL 8-inch howitzer Marks VI, VII and VIII (6, 7 and 8) were a series of British artillery siege howitzers on mobile carriages of a new design introduced in World War I. They were designed by Vickers in Britain and produced by all four British artillery manufacturers but mainly by Armstrong and one American company. They were the equivalents of the German 21 cm Morser 16 and in British service were used similarly to the BL 9.2-inch howitzer but were quicker to manufacture and more mobile. They delivered a 200 lb (91 kg) shell to 12,300 yd (7.0 mi; 11.2 km). They had limited service in the British Army in World War II before being converted to the new 7.2 in (180 mm) calibre. They also equipped a small number of Australian and Canadian batteries in World War I and by the US Army in that war. They were used in small numbers by other European armies.

21 cm Mörser 16
The 21 cm Mörser 16 (21 cm Mrs 16), or 21 cm Lange Mörser M 16/L14.5, was a heavy howitzer used by Germany in World War I and World War II (although classified as a mortar (Mörser) by the German military).
William Walker (composer)
William Walker (May 6, 1809 – September 24, 1875) was an American Baptist song leader, shape note "singing master", and compiler of four shape note tunebooks, most notable of which are the influential The Southern Harmony and The Christian Harmony, which has been in continuous use (republished 2010).

Shape note
Shape notes are a musical notation designed to facilitate congregational and social singing.  The notation became a popular teaching device in American singing schools during the 19th century. Shapes were added to the noteheads in written music to help singers find pitches within major and minor scales without the use of more complex information found in key signatures on the staff.

Shape notes of various kinds have been used for over two centuries in a variety of music traditions.
National Theatre (Prague)
The National Theatre (Czech: Národní divadlo) is a historic opera house in Prague, Czech Republic. It is known as the alma mater of Czech opera, and as the national monument of Czech history and art.

The National Theatre belongs to the most important Czech cultural institutions, with a rich artistic tradition, which helped to preserve and develop the most important features of the nation–the Czech language and a sense for a Czech musical and dramatic way of thinking.

Today the National Theatre consists of three artistic ensembles: opera, ballet and drama. They alternate in their performances in the historic building of the National Theatre, in the State Opera, in the Estates Theatre and in the Kolowrat Theatre. All three artistic ensembles select their repertoire both from classical heritage, and modern authors.

National Theatre Ballet (Prague)
The National Theatre Ballet in Prague, Czech Republic was founded in 1883. It is based in Prague's National Theatre, which is also home to a drama company and an opera company. The company has a long history of performing Czech works in addition to international classics. In recent decades, more Western works have also been added to the repertoire.
All-Star Baseball '97 featuring Frank Thomas
All-Star Baseball '97 featuring Frank Thomas, sometimes mislabeled as All Star Baseball '98, is a 1997 baseball video game developed by Iguana Entertainment and published by Acclaim Entertainment for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn. It is the successor to Frank Thomas Big Hurt Baseball and the first game in the All-Star Baseball series.

Frank Thomas Big Hurt Baseball
Frank Thomas Big Hurt Baseball is a multiplatform baseball simulation game that was licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, featuring the likeness, motion captured movements, and "Big Hurt" branding of player Frank Thomas.

All the teams, statistics, and players are meant to simulate the 1995 Major League Baseball season. Acclaim released a successor to the game also featuring Thomas and actual major league teams, All-Star Baseball '97 featuring Frank Thomas.
Oppo Neo 5
The Oppo Neo 5 is the 3rd phone in the Oppo Neo Series. It is also known by the alias Oppo Neo 5 (4G) to distinguish it from other variants of the Neo 5 (Oppo Neo 5 (2015), Oppo Neo 5s). One of the selling points of the phone, as mentioned by the phones' official website, is a "Double-layer Metallic Structure" which Oppo claims gives the phone a thinner chassis and better heat dissipation.

Oppo Neo 5 (2015)
The Oppo Neo 5 (2015) and Oppo Neo 5s are refreshes of the Oppo Neo 5. The key difference between the refreshed 5 and 5s models is the 4G connectivity in the 5s, which the 5 lacks. The 5 and 5s cost €70 and €160, respectively.
Cerebral aqueduct
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure that passes through the midbrain. It extends rostrocaudally through the entirety of the more posterior part of the midbrain. It is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray (central gray), a layer of gray matter.

Congenital stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct is a cause of congenital hydrocephalus.

It is named for Franciscus Sylvius.

Third ventricle
The third ventricle is one of the four connected cerebral ventricles of the ventricular system within the mammalian brain. It is a slit-like cavity formed in the diencephalon between the two thalami, in the midline between the right and left lateral ventricles, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Running through the third ventricle is the interthalamic adhesion, which contains thalamic neurons and fibers that may connect the two thalami.
Full-reserve banking
Full-reserve banking (also known as 100% reserve banking) is a system of banking where banks do not lend demand deposits and instead only lend from time deposits. It differs from fractional-reserve banking, in which banks may lend funds on deposit, while fully reserved banks would be required to keep the full amount of each customer's demand deposits in cash, available for immediate withdrawal.

Monetary reforms that included full-reserve banking have been proposed in the past, notably in 1935 by a group of economists, including Irving Fisher, under the so-called "Chicago plan" as a response to the Great Depression. This proposal experienced a resurgence of interest among economists, central bankers, and citizen movements following the 2007-2008 global financial crisis.

Chicago Plan
The Chicago Plan was introduced by University of Chicago economists in 1933 as a comprehensive plan to reform the monetary and banking system of the United States. The Great Depression had been caused in part by excessive private bank lending, so the plan proposed to eliminate the private bank money creation method of fractional reserve lending. Centralized money creation would prevent booms and busts in the money supply. Multiple bills in the United States Congress are  related to the Chicago Plan. Following the Great Recession, the plan was updated in a 2012 International Monetary Fund working paper.
Grey River, Newfoundland and Labrador
Grey River is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Grey River was first settled in the early 1800s by English 'youngsters' brought to Newfoundland via great merchant houses based at Ramea, Burgeo, and Gaultois. James Style(s) was the earliest known resident reported in 1835.

Grey River is inaccessible by road and is serviced by an intra-provincial ferry in Burgeo.

Ramea
Ramea is a small village in Newfoundland and Labrador located on Northwest Island, one of a group of five major islands located off the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The island is approximately 3.14 km long by 0.93 km wide (1.95 miles by 0.58 miles). The other major islands in the archipelago are Great (or Big) Island, Middle Island, Harbour Island, and South West Island.

Ramea is inaccessible by road and is serviced by an intra-provincial ferry in Burgeo.
Javan flowerpecker
The Javan flowerpecker (Dicaeum sanguinolentum), formerly named the blood-breasted flowerpecker, is a species of passerine bird in the flowerpecker family Dicaeidae. It is found on the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the Flores, Sumba, and Timor flowerpeckers.

Timor flowerpecker
The Timor flowerpecker (Dicaeum hanieli) is a species of passerine bird in the flowerpecker family Dicaeidae that is found on the island of Timor, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist forest. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the blood-breasted flowerpecker, now renamed the Javan flowerpecker.
Cugir (river)
The Cugir (Hungarian: Kudzsir-patak) is a left tributary of the river Mureș in Romania. It discharges into the Mureș near Șibot. Its length is 67 km (42 mi) (including its headwater Râul Mare) and its basin size is 358 km2 (138 sq mi).

Râul Mare (Cugir)
The Râul Mare (in its upper course also: Canciu) is the right headwater of the river Cugir in Romania. At its confluence with the Râul Mic in the town Cugir, the river Cugir is formed. Its length is 48 km (30 mi) and its basin size is 211 km2 (81 sq mi).
9x Jalwa
9x Jalwa is an Indian classic Hindi music television channel, broadcast in India. The channel is owned by 9X Media.
9x Jalwa is India's Classic Channel, and Plays 1990s to 2010s
Music in India. It was launched in 2012.

9x Jalwa is part of 9X Media – India's classic music television network based in India. 9x Jalwa will be an encrypted but free to air channel. It airs Hindi Classic Music across India. 9x Jalwa has also a website named Spotboye.com.

9X Media
9X Media is the largest Indian music broadcaster operating 4 music television channels and a Bollywood news portal – www.spotboye.com. The four music channels are 9XM (Latest Bollywood), 9X Jalwa (Evergreen Hindi), 9X Jhakaas (Marathi) and 9X Tashan (Punjabi).
Reductionism
Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of simpler or more fundamental phenomena. It is also described as an intellectual and philosophical position that interprets a complex system as the sum of its parts, contrary to holism. Reductionism tends to focus on the small, predictable details of a system and is often associated with various philosophies like emergence, materialism, and determinism.

Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and physics.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism.
Sderot
Sderot (Hebrew: שְׂדֵרוֹת, pronounced [sdeˈʁot], lit. 'boulevards'; Arabic: سديروت, sometimes Romanized as "Sederot") is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel. In 2023, it had a population of 35,477.

Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m (2,760 ft)), and is notable for having been a major target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip. Between 2001 and 2008, rocket attacks on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life. Although rocket fire subsided after the Gaza War (2008–09), the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time.

In 2024, Sderot was chosen to serve as a model for Israeli cities in the implementation of urban forestry ideas.

Development town
Development towns (Hebrew: עיירת פיתוח, Ayarat Pitu'ah) were new settlements built in Israel during the 1950s in order to provide permanent housing for a large influx of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries, Holocaust survivors from Europe and other new immigrants, who arrived to the newly established State of Israel.

The towns were designed to expand the population of the country's peripheral areas while easing pressure on the crowded centre. Most of them were built in the Galilee in the north of Israel, and in the northern Negev desert in the south. In addition to the new towns, Jerusalem was also given development town status in the 1960s.

In the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict, Jewish refugees from Arab states were initially resettled in refugee camps, known variously as immigrant camps, ma'abarot and development towns. Development towns were subsequently considered by some to be places of relegation and marginalisation.
Evey Hammond
Evey Hammond is a fictional character of the comic book series V for Vendetta, created by Alan Moore, David Lloyd, and Tony Weare. She becomes involved in V's life when he rescues her from a gang of London's secret police, ultimately succeeding him as V. Evey made her first live-action appearance in the 2005 film V for Vendetta played by Natalie Portman.

V (character)
V is the titular protagonist of the comic book series V for Vendetta, created by Alan Moore and David Lloyd. He is a mysterious anarchist, vigilante, and freedom fighter who is easily recognizable by his Guy Fawkes mask, long hair and dark clothing. He strives to topple a totalitarian regime of a dystopian United Kingdom through acts of heroism. According to Moore, he was designed to be morally ambiguous, so that readers could decide for themselves whether he was a hero fighting for a cause or simply insane.
Thiruttu Payale
Thiruttu Payale (transl. Naughty thief) is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language black comedy thriller film written and directed by Susi Ganesan.  The film stars Jeevan and Sonia Agarwal in the lead roles, with Abbas, Malavika, Vivek, Manoj K. Jayan, Gaayathri and Charle in supporting roles. The music was composed by Bharadwaj. Thiruttu Payale was released on 14 April 2006, and became a box office success. The film was remade in Hindi by the same director as Shortcut Romeo (2013). The film was also remade in Telugu and Kannada as Mr. Rascal and Aadu Aata Aadu respectively. A spiritual successor Thiruttu Payale 2 was released in 2017.

Thiruttu Payale 2
Thiruttu Payale 2 is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language crime thriller film directed and written by Susi Ganesan. A spiritual successor to his earlier Thiruttu Payale (2006), the film stars Bobby Simha, Prasanna and Amala Paul. It features music composed by Vidyasagar, while Raja Mohammad was the editor. Produced by AGS Entertainment, the venture began production in October 2016 and was released on 30 November 2017.

The film was remade in Kannada in 2021 as 100 and in Hindi in 2024 as Ghuspaithiya. Prasanna won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil for his performance, while Amala Paul was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.