hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugène Charles Catalan
Eugène Charles Catalan (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn ʃaʁl katalɑ̃]; 30 May 1814 – 14 February 1894) was a French and Belgian mathematician who worked on continued fractions, descriptive geometry, number theory and combinatorics. His notable contributions included discovering a periodic minimal surface in the space ; stating the famous Catalan's conjecture, which was eventually proved in 2002; and introducing the Catalan numbers to solve a combinatorial problem.

Catalan number
The Catalan numbers are a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems, often involving recursively defined objects. They are named after Eugène Catalan, though they were previously discovered in the 1730s by Minggatu.

The n-th Catalan number can be expressed directly in terms of the central binomial coefficients by

The first Catalan numbers for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... are

1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 42, 132, 429, 1430, 4862, 16796, 58786, ... (sequence A000108 in the OEIS).
2023 Nashville school shooting
On March 27, 2023, a mass shooting occurred at The Covenant School, a Presbyterian Church in America parochial elementary school in the Green Hills neighborhood of Nashville, Tennessee, United States, when 28-year-old Aiden Hale killed three nine‑year‑old children and three adults before being shot and killed by two Metropolitan Nashville Police Department (MNPD) officers. Hale was a former student of the school who had been planning the attack for years. It is the deadliest school shooting in Tennessee history.

In April 2025, the MNPD closed its investigation into the shooting, concluding that Hale had been motivated by numerous factors, including a desire for notoriety and media attention. Hale had chosen The Covenant School because he considered the years he attended the school to be the happiest of his life and he wanted to die somewhere that made him happy.

Metropolitan Nashville Police Department
The Metropolitan Nashville Police Department, commonly known in the area as Metro Police, is the primary provider of law enforcement services for Metropolitan Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. The MNPD covers a total area of 526.1 square miles (1,363 km2) that encompasses everything from high density urban locations to rural areas.
Variable valve timing
Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with variable valve lift systems. There are many ways in which this can be achieved, ranging from mechanical devices to electro-hydraulic and camless systems. Increasingly strict emissions regulations are causing many automotive manufacturers to use VVT systems.

Two-stroke engines use a power valve system to get similar results to VVT.

Variable valve lift
Variable valve lift (VVL) is an automotive piston engine technology which varies the height a valve opens in order to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. There are two main types of VVL: discrete, which employs fixed valve lift amounts, and continuous, which is able to vary the amount of lift. Continuous valve lift systems typically allow for the elimination of the throttle (which is otherwise normally a single valve constricting the entire engine’s intake airway).

When used in conjunction with variable valve timing (VVT), variable valve lift can potentially offer infinite control over the intake and exhaust valve timing.
Jane Birch
Jane Birch (b. 1643/4, d. after 1703) was a servant to Elizabeth and Samuel Pepys from when she was 14 and then, off and on, until Samuel's death. She is notable because over 10% of the population of London were women servants and her life is well documented by her employer's detailed personal diary.

Elisabeth Pepys
Elisabeth Pepys (née de St Michel; 23 October 1640 – 10 November 1669) was the wife of Samuel Pepys, whom she married in 1655, shortly before her fifteenth birthday.

Her father, Alexandre Marchant de St Michel, was born a French Roman Catholic but later converted to the Church of England. He married Dorothea, a daughter of Sir Francis Kingsmill, in Ireland. Elizabeth was born near Bideford in Devon on 23 October 1640. She died of typhoid on 10 November 1669.

Elisabeth was a second cousin once removed of the writer Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea.
May Bumps 2012
The May Bumps 2012 were a set of rowing races held in Cambridge, UK with crews from the boat clubs of all Cambridge University Colleges and Anglia Ruskin University from Wednesday 13 June 2012 to Saturday 16 June 2012. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 121st set of races in the series of May Bumps which have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887. In 2012, 172 crews took part (103 men's crews and 69 women's crews), with nearly 1550 participants in total.

The timing of the lower divisions on the Saturday was disrupted by a protest on the river and its tow-path by animal rights activists objecting to the removal from the area of an infamous swan, the so-called Mr. Asbo, that had been attacking rowers. Three people were arrested for breaching the peace.

May Bumps
The May Bumps (also May Races, Mays) are a set of rowing races, held annually on the River Cam in Cambridge, England. They began in 1887 after separating from the Lent Bumps, the equivalent bumping races held at the end of February or start of March. Prior to the separation there had been a single set of annual bumps dating from its inception in 1827. The races are open to all college boat clubs from the University of Cambridge, the University Medical and Veterinary Schools and the Anglia Ruskin Boat Club. The May Bumps takes place over four days (Wednesday to Saturday) in mid-June and is run as a bumps race.
David T. Ansted
David Thomas Ansted FRS (5 February 1814 – 13 May 1880) was an English professor of geology and author of numerous books on geology. His role as a teacher at Addiscombe Military Seminary, where future East India Company army officers were trained, had an influence on the study of geology in the colonies.

Addiscombe Military Seminary
The East India Company Military Seminary was a British military academy at Addiscombe, Surrey, in what is now the London Borough of Croydon. It opened in 1809 and closed in 1861. Its purpose was to train young officers to serve in the East India Company's own army in India.

The institution was formally known as the East India Company Military Seminary (a name the cadets always disliked) until 1855, when the name was changed to the East India Company Military College. In 1858, when the college was taken over by the government, it was renamed the Royal India Military College. Colloquially, it was known as Addiscombe Seminary, Addiscombe College, or Addiscombe Military Academy.

The Seminary was a sister institution to the East India Company College in Hertfordshire, which trained civilian "writers" (clerks). In military terms it was a counterpart to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich and the Royal Military College at Sandhurst.
Epping Forest District
Epping Forest District is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after the ancient woodland of Epping Forest, a large part of which lies within the district. The district covers northeastern parts of the urban area of London, including the suburban towns of Epping, Loughton, Waltham Abbey, Chigwell, and Buckhurst Hill, as well as rural areas beyond it. The district is situated in the west of the county, bordering north-eastern Greater London.

The administrative headquarters of Epping Forest District Council are in the town of Epping. Neighbouring districts are Brentwood, Broxbourne, Chelmsford, East Hertfordshire, Enfield, Harlow, Havering, Redbridge, Uttlesford and Waltham Forest. In 2021 it had a population of 134,909.

London Borough of Redbridge
The London Borough of Redbridge is a London borough established in 1965.

The borough shares boundaries with the Epping Forest District in the county of Essex to the north, the London Borough of Waltham Forest to the west, the London Borough of Havering to the east, the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham in the south east, and the London Borough of Newham to the south west.

The principal settlements in the borough are Ilford, Wanstead and Woodford.
2016–17 Damehåndboldligaen
The 2016–17 Damehåndboldligaen (known as the Primo Tours Ligaen for sponsorship reasons) was the 81st season of the Damehåndboldligaen, Denmark's premier handball league. Team Esbjerg were the defending champions.

Nykøbing Falster Håndboldklub won their first title ever, when they beat København Håndbold in the final 27-25. Skanderborg Håndbold were relegated, as they finished last in the regular season.

This was the first time in 10 years, that a team from outside Jutland won the title.

After the season SK Aarhus went bankrupt, and they did therefore not compete in the following season. Aarhus United took over their license, and could thus play their first season in the league.

København Håndbold
København Håndbold is a Danish women's handball club from Copenhagen, Denmark. It was established in the winter of 2013. It took over the league licence from Frederiksberg IF and is playing in the Bambusa Kvindeligaen.

The club is owned by Kim Mikkelsen.
Machinere language
The Machinere language is an Arawakan language spoken by over 1,000 of the Machinere people. It is a Piro language and part of the Southern Maipuran language family. The language is highly similar to the Yine language. However, mutual intelligibility is low between the two groups. It is one of the official languages of Bolivia.

Yine language
Yine is the principle variety of Piro, which is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru. It belongs to the Piro group which also includes the nearly extinct Iñapari and Apurinã. The Manchineri who live in Brazil (Acre) and reportedly also in Bolivia speak what may be a dialect of Yine (Aikhenvald, Kaufman). A vocabulary labeled Canamaré is "so close to Piro [Yine] as to count as Piro", but has been a cause of confusion with the unrelated Kanamarí language.
Gobinda Prasad Mahavidyalaya
Gobinda Prasad Mahavidyalaya, established in 1985, is the general degree college in Amarkanan, Gangajalghati Block, Bankura district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts. It is affiliated to  Bankura University.

Bankura University
Bankura University is a public state university in Bankura, West Bengal, India. It was established by an Act of the West Bengal legislature. It currently offers courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Patricia C. Dunn
Patricia C. Dunn (March 27, 1953 – December 4, 2011) was the non-executive chairman of the board of Hewlett-Packard (HP) from February 2005 until September 22, 2006, when she resigned her position.

On October 4, 2006, Bill Lockyer, the California attorney general, charged Dunn with four felonies for her role in the HP spying scandal. Some members of the press reported that Dunn had been scapegoated. On March 14, 2007, California Superior Court Judge Ray Cunningham dismissed the charges against her.

Bill Lockyer
William Westwood Lockyer (born May 8, 1941) is an American politician and lawyer from the state of California. A Democrat, he served in both houses of the state legislature, having been a member of the California State Assembly from 1973 to 1982 and the California State Senate from 1982 to 1998. He spent the last four years of his State Senate tenure as president pro tempore. He then served as California Attorney General from 1999 to 2007, and as California State Treasurer from 2007 to 2015.
Sebastian County, Arkansas
Sebastian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 127,799, making it the fourth-most populous county in Arkansas. The county has two county seats, Greenwood and Fort Smith.

Sebastian County is part of the Fort Smith metropolitan area.

Greenwood, Arkansas
Greenwood is a city in one of the two county seats of Sebastian County, Arkansas, United States. It is the fifth largest municipality in the Fort Smith metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Greenwood had a population of 9,516.
Surigao del Sur
Surigao del Sur (Surigaonon: Probinsya nan Surigao del Sur; Cebuano: Habagatang Surigao; Tagalog: Timog Surigao), officially the Province of Surigao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. Its capital is Tandag City while Bislig is the most populous city in the province. Surigao del Sur is situated at the eastern coast of Mindanao and faces the Philippine Sea to the east.

Surigaonon language
Surigaonon (Filipino: Surigawnon) is an Austronesian language spoken by Surigaonon people. As a regional Philippine language, it is spoken in the province of Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Dinagat Islands, and some portions of Agusan del Norte, especially the towns near Lake Mainit, Agusan del Sur and Davao Oriental. The language, along with Butuanon and Tausug, are the only Visayan languages geographically native to Mindanao.

Surigaonon is a member of the Bisayan languages. It has been heavily influenced by Cebuano due to the influx of many Cebuanos in the region. However, most Cebuano speakers can hardly understand Surigaonon speakers, except for Cebuanos who have been living in the region for years.

Surigaonon is very closely related to the Tausug language of Sulu and the Butuanon language of Butuan.
Washington Air National Guard
The Washington Air National Guard (WA ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Washington, United States. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Washington Army National Guard an element of the Washington National Guard and of the much larger United States National Guard Bureau.

As state militia units, the units in the Washington Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Washington through the office of the Washington Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.  The Washington Air National Guard is headquartered at Camp Murray, Tacoma, and its commander is  Brigadier general Gent Welsh.

Washington National Guard
The Washington National Guard is one of the four elements of the State of Washington's Washington Military Department and a component of the National Guard of the United States.  It is headquartered at Camp Murray, Washington and is defined by its state and federal mission. At the call of the Governor, the Washington National Guard will mobilize and deploy during times of state emergency to augment local jurisdictions and responders in their efforts to protect lives and property. The Washington National Guard is also subject to the call of the President of the United States to serve as part of the total U.S. Military force.
Miguel Ojeda
Miguel Arturo Ojeda (born January 29, 1975) is a Mexican former professional baseball catcher. He has also served as a manager for both the Mexican League and Minor League Baseball, winning the 2014 Mexican League championship with the Diablos Rojos del México.

Diablos Rojos del México
The Diablos Rojos del Mexico (English: Mexico Red Devils) are a professional baseball team in the Mexican League based in Mexico City, Mexico. The team was founded in 1940 by Salvador Lutteroth and Ernesto Carmona. The Diablos Rojos play their home games at Estadio Alfredo Harp Helú, which has a seating capacity of 20,233 people. They have won a league-leading eighteen league championships, including back-to-back championships four times, and one Baseball Champions League Americas title, after finishing undefeated as hosts in its 2025 edition.
Centralia, Missouri
Centralia is a city in Boone County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,541 at the 2020 census, with an estimated population of 4,244 in 2018. A very small portion of the city lies in Audrain County.

The Boone County portion of Centralia (which forms the majority of the city) is part of the Columbia Metropolitan Statistical Area, while a small part in Audrain County is part of the Mexico Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Audrain County, Missouri
Audrain County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,962. Its county seat is Mexico. The county was organized December 13, 1836, and named for Colonel James Hunter Audrain of the War of 1812 and who later was elected to the state legislature.
Leimbach (Zürich)
Leimbach (German: [ˈlaɪmbax] ⓘ) is a quarter in the district 2 in Zürich. It is located in the lower Sihl Valley (Sihltal).

It was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Zürich in 1893. The quarter has a population of 6,415 as of 2025 and is distributed over an area of 2.92 km2 (1.13 sq mi).

Sihl Valley
Sihl Valley (German: Sihltal) is a river valley and belongs to the Zimmerberg-Sihltal region located in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Commonly Sihltal is used as the name of the Lower Sihl Valley, i.e. the area in the southwest of the city of Zürich.
Quinto, Ponce, Puerto Rico
Quinto (Barrio Quinto) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico.   Together with Primero, Segundo, Tercero, Cuarto, and Sexto, Quinto is one of the municipality's six original urban barrios. It was organized in 1878.

Sexto, Ponce, Puerto Rico
Sexto (Barrio Sexto) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Along with Primero, Segundo, Tercero, Cuarto, and Quinto, Sexto is one of the municipality's six core urban barrios. Barrio Sexto used to be called Barrio Cantera. It was organized in 1878.
Alliance for Germany
The Alliance for Germany (German: Allianz für Deutschland) was an electoral alliance in East Germany. It consisted of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Democratic Awakening and German Social Union. The German Forum Party was invited to join, but it declined.

The Alliance was formed to contest the 1990 East German general election, the first and only free election in the country's history. It ran on a platform of expediting German reunification and won a plurality of the seats in the Volkskammer. It led a coalition government that lasted until reunification, with Lothar de Maizière of the CDU serving as minister-president of East Germany.

German Social Union (East Germany)
The German Social Union (German: Deutsche Soziale Union, DSU) is a small conservative political party mainly active in the new states of Germany. It was founded in 1990 as a right-wing opposition group during the Wende transition to democracy in East Germany, when it was part of the Alliance for Germany electoral coalition. After 1990, it fell into insignificance, only holding a few seats on the local level.
Omar López (baseball)
Omar E. López (born January 3, 1977) is a Venezuelan professional baseball coach and former player, scout, and manager in Minor League Baseball (MiLB). He is the bench coach for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB), a role in which he has served since 2024. López has worked in the Astros' organization since 1999. López also managed the Venezuelan national team at the 2023 World Baseball Classic and the 2024 WBSC Premier12.

Venezuela national baseball team
The Venezuela national baseball team (Spanish: Selección de béisbol de Venezuela or Selección de Venezuela) is the national baseball team of Venezuela. It is currently ranked sixth in the world by the World Baseball Softball Confederation.

Venezuela has competed in every edition of the World Baseball Classic since 2006, with its best result to date being a semifinal appearance in 2009. It won its first major international title in the 1941 Amateur World Series, defeating a heavily-favored Team Cuba, and won two more world championships in the 1940s. It has also historically dominated baseball at the Bolivarian Games. However, Venezuela has never qualified for the Summer Olympics.

Team Venezuela will compete against Team Israel, Team Netherlands, Team Dominican Republic, and Team Nicaragua in the 2026 World Baseball Classic from March 6-11, 2026, at LoanDepot Park in Miami, Florida.
Nana (chief)
Kas-tziden ("Broken Foot") or Haškɛnadɨltla ("Angry, He is Agitated"), more widely known by his Mexican-Spanish appellation Nana ("grandma" or "lullaby") (c. 1810 – May 19, 1896), was a warrior and chief of the Chihenne band (better known as Warm Springs Apache) of the Chiricahua Apache. A trusted lieutenant to Cuchillo Negro and Mangas Coloradas, in the 1850s and 1860s he was one of the best known leaders of the Chihenne (Tchiende), along with Tudeevia (Dudeevia, better known as Delgadito - "Little Thin", "Skinny"), Ponce and Loco ("crazy", "mad"). He was a nephew of Delgadito, and married a sister of Geronimo.

Chiricahua
Chiricahua (/ˌtʃɪrɪˈkɑːwə/ CHIRR-i-KAH-wə) is a band of Apache Native Americans.

Based in the Southern Plains and Southwestern United States, the Chiricahua historically shared a common area, language, customs, and intertwined family relations with their fellow Apaches. At the time of European contact, they had a territory of 15 million acres (61,000 km2) in Southwestern New Mexico and Southeastern Arizona in the United States and in Northern Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico.

Today Chiricahua live in Northern Mexico and in the United States where they are primarily enrolled in three federally recognized tribes: the Fort Sill Apache Tribe, located near Apache, Oklahoma, with a small reservation outside Deming, New Mexico; the Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation near Ruidoso, New Mexico; and the San Carlos Apache Tribe in southeastern Arizona.
Burpengary
Burpengary is a town and suburb in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Burpengary had a population of 16,488 people.

It is 38.9 kilometres (24.2 mi) by road from the Brisbane central business district.

City of Moreton Bay
The City of Moreton Bay, known until July 2023 as the Moreton Bay Region, is a local government area in the north of Greater Brisbane in South East Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it replaced three established local government areas, the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture.

With an estimated operating budget of A$391 million and a 2018 population of 459,585, Moreton Bay is the third most populous local government area in Australia behind the City of Brisbane and City of Gold Coast, both of which are also amalgamated entities.

In the 2021 census, the City of Moreton Bay had a population of 476,340 people.
Luminous Arc (video game)
Luminous Arc is a tactical role-playing game developed by Imageepoch for the Nintendo DS, and the first in the Luminous Arc series. The game was released on February 8, 2007 in Japan, August 14, 2007 in North America, and October 18, 2007 in Australia by Atlus, and in Europe the following day by Rising Star Games.

The game features voiced scenes, character designs by Kaito Shibano and music by Akari Kaida, Yasunori Mitsuda, and Mitsuda's studio, Procyon. Along with the main gameplay, there is an online multiplayer battle option.

The game has a sequel, Luminous Arc 2, that was released in 2008. Luminous Arc 3: Eyes was released on December 10, 2009 in Japan. The latest entry in the series, Luminous Arc Infinity, was released for the PlayStation Vita in Japan on August 6, 2015.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.