hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nybergsund
Nybergsund is a village in Trysil Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Innbygda which is the municipal centre of Trysil. The village is best known for serving as a hiding place for the Norwegian royal family and Cabinet and sustaining German bombing during the German conquest of Norway. The village is also the birthplace of award-winning Norwegian writer and translator Tormod Haugen.

The 0.57-square-kilometre (140-acre) village has a population (2024) of 365 and a population density of 640 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,700/sq mi).

Trysil Municipality
Trysil is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Innbygda. Other villages in the municipality include Nybergsund, Østby, Plassen, and Tørberget.

The 3,014-square-kilometre (1,164 sq mi) municipality is the 15th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Trysil Municipality is the 152nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,542. The municipality's population density is 2.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Bishopsworth
Bishopsworth is a suburban neighbourhood and electoral ward of the city of Bristol.  It is located in the south of the city and has a high proportion of council housing. Local facilities include shops and pubs, a public library, community arts centre and an indoor skate park.

Bishopsworth electoral ward contains the Bedminster Down, Headly Park, Highridge and Uplands areas, and had a population of 12,274 at the 2021 census. Historically, as a civil parish separate from Bristol, Bishopsworth contained Hartcliffe and Withywood, and colloquially those are often still considered areas of Bishopsworth, though they are not within the current electoral ward.

Hartcliffe
Hartcliffe is an outer suburb of the city of Bristol, England, on the southern edge of the city at the foot of Dundry Hill. It is a post-World War II development consisting largely of council houses. It is one of the poorer areas of Bristol, with significant social problems exacerbated by the decline of industrial employment in the city.

Hartcliffe was also the name of an electoral ward for Bristol City Council from 1999 to 2016. The ward contained the areas of Hartcliffe and Headley Park as well as small portions of Withywood and Bishopsworth. Since 2016, Hartcliffe has been in Hartcliffe and Withywood electoral ward.
Institut national de la recherche scientifique
The Institut national de la recherche scientifique (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃stity nɑsjɔnal də la ʁəʃɛʁʃ sjɑ̃tifik]; "National Institute for Scientific Research") is the research-oriented constituent university of the Université du Québec system that offers only graduate studies. INRS conducts research in four broad sectors: water, earth and the environment; energy, materials and telecommunications; human, animal and environmental health; and urbanization, culture and society.

INRS has facilities in Quebec City, Montreal, Laval, and Varennes. It was established by letters patent from the Quebec Government and operates under the Act respecting the Université du Québec.

The Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (EMT, Energy, Materials and Telecommunications) INRS-EMT is part of  INRS.

INRS-EMT
The Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (EMT, Energy, Materials and Telecommunications) is part of the INRS research university in Quebec. The center has two separate locations: Montreal (Place Bonaventure) and Varennes. The center focuses its research activities in domains such as telecommunication networks, wireless communications, multi-media signal processing, RF systems and photonic ultra-fast photonics devices. In the area of energy, the main research directions are: materials and decentralized energy systems, energy modeling and analysis (GAME), magnetic confinement fusion.
Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Bayamón (Spanish pronunciation: [baʝaˈmon], locally [baʝaˈmoŋ]) is a city and municipality in Puerto Rico. Located on the northeastern coastal plain, it is bounded by Guaynabo to the east, Toa Alta and Naranjito to the west, Toa Baja and Cataño to the north, and Aguas Buenas and Comerío to the south. Part of the San Juan metropolitan area, Bayamón is spread over 11 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Bayamón Pueblo. With a population of 185,187 as of the 2020 census, it is the second most populated municipality in the archipelago and island after the capital of San Juan.

San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area
The San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area, most commonly known as the San Juan metropolitan area (Spanish: área metropolitana de San Juan), is the largest and most populous metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Puerto Rico, concentrated in the capital of San Juan and surrounding municipalities, including Bayamón, Caguas, and Carolina, on the northeastern coastal plain of the main island. One of 6 metropolitan statistical areas in Puerto Rico, it is within the San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area (CSA), which is one of 3 combined statistical areas in the archipelago as defined by the United States Census Bureau. As of 2023, the estimated population of the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area is 842,535 in municipalities in the conurbation and 1,193,198 in municipalities outside the urban core, making it the fourth largest in the insular Caribbean.
The Stormlight Archive
The Stormlight Archive is a high fantasy novel series written by American author Brandon Sanderson, planned to consist of ten novels. As of 2024, the series comprises five published novels and two novellas, set within Sanderson's broader Cosmere universe. The first novel, The Way of Kings, was published on August 31, 2010. The second novel, Words of Radiance, was published in 2014 and debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller List. This was repeated by Oathbringer (released November 14, 2017) and Rhythm of War (released November 17, 2020). The fifth novel, Wind and Truth, was released December 6, 2024. Sanderson has indicated that he will start drafting the latter half of the series after he finishes writing the upcoming Era Three Mistborn trilogy and the two Elantris sequels. The series has been adapted as a video game and a tabletop roleplaying game.

Rhythm of War
Rhythm of War is an epic fantasy novel written by American author Brandon Sanderson and the fourth book in The Stormlight Archive series. It was published by Tor Books on November 17, 2020. Rhythm of War consists of one prologue, 117 chapters, 12 interludes and an epilogue. It is preceded by Oathbringer.

As with Kaladin in The Way of Kings, Shallan in Words of Radiance, and Dalinar in Oathbringer, Rhythm of War has a sequence of flashback chapters, this time for characters Eshonai and Venli.

The book features illustrations of four Heralds, as well as illustrations of all the True Spren who form Nahel Bonds save for the Bondsmith spren. As with its Stormlight Archive predecessors, the unabridged audiobook is read by narration team Michael Kramer and Kate Reading.

A sequel, Wind and Truth, was released on December 6, 2024.
Wānaka
Wānaka (Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaːnaka] ⓘ) is a popular ski and summer resort town in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. At the southern end of Lake Wānaka, it is at the start of the Clutha River and is the gateway to Mount Aspiring National Park.

Wānaka is primarily a resort town with both summer and winter seasons. Its economy is based on the many outdoor opportunities this offers.

Historically, Māori visited the Wānaka area to hunt and fish in summer, or on their way to seek pounamu (greenstone) on the West Coast. Ngāi Tahu abandoned their seasonal camps after a raid by a North Island war party in 1836.

Along with the rest of the Queenstown-Lakes District, Wānaka is growing rapidly, with the population increasing by 50% between 2005 and 2015.

Lake Wānaka
Lake Wānaka is New Zealand's fourth-largest lake and the seat of the town of Wānaka in the Otago region. The lake is 300 meters above sea level, covers about 198 km2 (76 sq mi), and is more than 300 m (980 ft) deep.

"Wānaka" is the South Island Māori dialect pronunciation of wānanga, which means "the lore of the tohunga or priest" or a place of learning.
Justin Richardson
Justin Richardson (born 1963) is an American author and psychiatrist best known for co-authoring And Tango Makes Three with Peter Parnell.

Richardson was profiled in The New York Times in 1997 in an article entitled "Elite Schools Face the Gay Issue." The article detailed his work with numerous New York independent schools (Trinity, Dalton, Brearley, and Spence are mentioned), speaking to teachers, students and parents about sexual orientation development in children and teens. "Dr. Richardson," the author wrote,"— pedigreed, carefully spoken, determinedly nonthreatening — has become the schools' gay issues consultant of choice. 'He's so sane, and he's so clear,' said Edes Gilbert, the head of Spence."

Peter Parnell
Peter Parnell (/pɑːrˈnɛl/; born 1953) is an American Broadway and Off-Broadway playwright, television writer, and children's book author. Parnell is also Vice-President of the Dramatists Guild of America, the professional association of playwrights, composers, lyricists, and librettists.
Cascina Sant'Ambrogio
45°32′48.55″N 9°18′53.77″E﻿ / ﻿45.5468194°N 9.3149361°E﻿ / 45.5468194; 9.3149361

Cascina Sant'Ambrogio is the oldest among the farmhouses in Brugherio, Italy. It is annexed to Saint Ambrose Church from which it takes its name.

Saint Ambrose, Brugherio
45°32′48″N 9°18′55″E﻿ / ﻿45.54674°N 9.31535°E﻿ / 45.54674; 9.31535

Saint Ambrose (Italian: Chiesetta di Sant'Ambrogio) is a small church which is an annex to the farmhouse that takes its name from it, in Brugherio, Italy.
National highways of South Korea
South Korea has a nationwide system of national highways (Korean: 국도; Hanja: 國道; RR: Gukdo), officially called as General national highways (Korean: 일반국도; Hanja: 一般國道; RR: Ilbangukdo), distinct from the expressways. The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs and other government agencies administer the national highways.

Expressways in South Korea
Expressways (Korean: 고속도로; Hanja: 高速道路; RR: Gosokdoro) in South Korea, officially known as National Expressways (Korean: 고속국도; Hanja: 高速國道; RR: Gosokgukdo), are controlled-access highways that form the highest level of the country's road network. Most sections are tolled and maintained by the Korea Expressway Corporation, though a few routes are built and managed by approved private companies.
Majority Rule (band)
Majority Rule is an American hardcore punk band from Northern Virginia, originally active between 1996 and 2004. Influential within the screamo subgenre, their releases include the studio albums Interviews with David Frost (2001) and Emergency Numbers (2003) and the split album Document #12 (2002) with Pg. 99. The band reunited in 2017, performing benefit shows with Pg. 99 and City of Caterpillar.

Pg. 99
Pg. 99 (also spelled pageninetynine) is a hardcore punk band from Sterling, Virginia, a town on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., who are widely considered one of the pioneers of the screamo genre. The band formed as a six-piece in late 1997 and broke up as an eight-piece in 2003; at their maximum capacity they performed with two singers, three guitarists, two bassists and a drummer and were known for their intense live shows.
Gloria (American TV series)
Gloria is an American television sitcom and a spin-off of Archie Bunker's Place that aired on CBS from September 26, 1982, to April 10, 1983. The series stars Sally Struthers reprising her role as Gloria Stivic, the daughter of Archie Bunker on All in the Family.

Archie Bunker's Place
Archie Bunker's Place is an American television sitcom produced as a continuation of All in the Family. It aired on CBS from September 23, 1979 to April 4, 1983. After the final first-run telecast on CBS in April 1983, the series went into reruns on Wednesdays from June 29 through September 21, 1983. While not as popular as its predecessor, the show maintained a large enough audience to last four seasons. It performed so well during its first season that it displaced Mork & Mindy from its Sunday night time slot; a year earlier, during its first season, Mork & Mindy had been the No. 3 show on television.
Dungeons & Dragons Companion Set
The Dungeons & Dragons Companion Set is an expansion boxed set for the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. It was first published in 1984 as an expansion to the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set.

Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set
The Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set is a set of rulebooks for the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. First published in 1977, it saw a handful of revisions and reprintings. The first edition was written by J. Eric Holmes based on Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson's original work. Later editions were edited by Tom Moldvay, Frank Mentzer, Troy Denning, and Doug Stewart.

The Basic Set details the essential concepts of the D&D game. It provides the rules for character creation and advancement for player characters at beginning levels. It also includes information on how to play adventures inside dungeons for both players and the Dungeon Master.
Lesogorsky
Lesogorsky (Russian: Лесого́рский; Finnish: Jääski; Swedish: Jäskis) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, located on the left bank of the Vuoksi River, on the Karelian Isthmus, near the Russia–Finland border, and a station of the Kamennogorsk–Svetogorsk–Imatra railway. Population:  3,273 (2010 census); 3,004 (2002 census); 3,744 (1989 Soviet census).

Municipally, Lesogorsky together with the town of Svetogorsk form Svetogorskoye Urban Settlement of Vyborgsky Municipal District.

Kamennogorsk
Kamennogorsk (Russian: Каменногорск; known before 1948 by the Finnish name of Antrea (Russian: Антреа; Swedish: Sankt Andree)), is a town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus on the left bank of the Vuoksi River (Lake Ladoga's basin) 170 kilometers (110 mi) northwest of St. Petersburg. Population:  6,739 (2010 census); 6,084 (2002 census); 5,694 (1989 Soviet census).
Red Line (Surat Metro)
Line 1 of Surat Metro also known as The Red Line (Line 1) is an under-construction metro rail line of the Surat Metro, a rapid transit system in Surat, Gujarat, India. This line consists of 20 metro stations from Sarthana to DREAM City with a total distance of 21.61 km. 15.14 km of this distance will be elevated and 6.47 km underground. It is expected to be operational by December 2027.

Surat Metro
Surat Metro is an under-construction rapid transit system for the city of Surat in Gujarat state of India. Two corridors with a combined length of 40.35 kilometers are under construction since 18 January 2021. The project is expected to be completed by December 2026 at an estimated cost of ₹12,020.32 crore (US$1.4 billion).
N1 Western Bypass (Johannesburg)
The Western Bypass is a section of the N1 and the Johannesburg Ring Road located in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. Known at the time as the Concrete Highway, the freeway was initially opened in 1975 as a route to avoid the city centre of Johannesburg and to provide access to the western areas of the Witwatersrand. From the south, the Western Bypass begins at the Diepkloof Interchange in Soweto, where it splits from the N12 freeway and ends at the Buccleuch Interchange, where it merges with the N3 Eastern Bypass, M1 South and N1 Ben Schoeman freeways.

The Western Bypass is the longest section of the Johannesburg Ring Road. The freeway is mostly four lanes wide in either direction, but fans out into six lanes between Rivonia and Buccleuch, where there is heavy traffic moving north towards Pretoria. The Western Bypass is part of the N1 road that spans the length of South Africa.

M1 (Johannesburg)
The M1 De Villiers Graaff motorway is a metropolitan route and major freeway in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. The highway connects the southern areas (including Booysens, Eldorado Park and Soweto) with the city centre and extends further north through Sandton into the Ben Schoeman Highway towards Pretoria. Construction began in 1962 and resulted in the demolition of many properties and houses including numerous historical Parktown Mansions.
Eulis Atjih
Eulis Atjih is a 1927 film from the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia); it was the second feature film produced in the country, after Loetoeng Kasaroeng in 1926. The silent film follows the lives of a native Indonesian family sent into poverty by the husband's splurging. Eulis Atjih was a commercial success in the Indies, but failed in international markets.

Loetoeng Kasaroeng
Loetoeng Kasaroeng is a 1926 fantasy film from the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) which was directed and produced by L. Heuveldorp. An adaptation of the Sundanese folktale Lutung Kasarung (The Lost Lutung), the film tells of a young girl who falls in love with a magical lutung and stars the children of noblemen. Details on its performance are unavailable, although it is known to have been of poor technical quality and thought to have performed poorly. It was the first film produced in the country and the first to feature a native-Indonesian cast. It is likely a lost film.
Allen Kaeja
Allen Kaeja (born in Kitchener, Ontario) is a Canadian film director and choreographer. He entered the field of dance after nine years of wrestling and judo, and has created over 90 dance pieces since 1981 and choreographed 26 films. Kaeja is one of the co-artistic directors of Kaeja d'Dance, along with his wife Karen Kaeja and has completed an MA dance degree at York University. He is co-founder of the CanAsian International Dance Festival.

Karen Kaeja
Karen Kaeja is a Canadian choreographer and dancer. She has been the co-artistic director of Kaeja d’Dance with her husband Allen Kaeja since 1990. In 2012, Kaeja conceived the community-based performance series Porch View Dances in Toronto's Seaton Village neighbourhood.

Among her stage works is Crave. According to The Toronto Star, she is "exploding barriers between art and life".

Kaeja has received multiple nominations for the Dora Mavor Moore Award.
Lupukngna
Lupukngna was a coastal Tongva village that was at least 3,000 years old located on the bluffs along the Santa Ana River in Huntington Beach near the Newland House Museum. Other nearby coastal villages included Genga, located in West Newport Beach, and Moyongna, located down the coast near Corona del Mar. The village has also been referred to as Lukup and Lukupa. The village has been chronicled in the history of Costa Mesa, California.

Genga, California
Genga, alternative spelling Gengaa and Kengaa, was a Tongva and Acjachemen village located on Newport Mesa overlooking the Santa Ana River in the Newport Beach and Costa Mesa, California area which included an open site now referred to as Banning Ranch. Archaeological evidence dates the village at over 9,000 years old. Villagers were recorded as Gebit in Spanish Mission records. The village may have been occupied as late as 1829 or 1830.

An attempt in 2001 to preserve a nearby 9,000 year old village site from commercial development failed. A similar attempt to save a burial site of Genga in the 2010s also failed. This has initiated concerns over preservation in the area. A large part of the contemporary site of Genga situated in Banning Ranch may be transformed into a public open space as of 2022. The Tongva and Acjachemen support having a voice in the process.
Mozingo Lake
Mozingo Lake is a 1,006-acre (4.07 km²) reservoir located in eastern Nodaway County, approximately 5 miles east of Maryville. Constructed in the early 1990s, the lake serves as the primary drinking water source for the city of Maryville and anchors the 3,000-acre Mozingo Lake Recreation Park, a regional destination for outdoor recreation and tourism.

Maryville, Missouri
Maryville is a city in and the county seat of Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. Located in the "Missouri Point" region, the city population was 10,633, according to the 2020 Census. Maryville is home to Northwest Missouri State University and Northwest Technical School. Maryville is the second-largest city (behind St. Joseph, Missouri) wholly within the boundaries of the 1836 Platte Purchase which expanded Missouri's borders into former Indian Territory in northwest Missouri.
Phonological history of English close back vowels
Most dialects of modern English have two close back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/ (realized as central [ʉː] in many dialects) found in words like goose. The STRUT vowel /ʌ/, which historically was back, is often central [ɐ] as well. This article discusses the history of these vowels in various dialects of English, focusing in particular on phonemic splits and mergers involving these sounds.

Phonological change
In historical linguistics, phonological change is any sound change that alters the distribution of phonemes in a language. In other words, a language develops a new system of oppositions among its phonemes. Old contrasts may disappear, new ones may emerge, or they may simply be rearranged. Sound change may be an impetus for changes in the phonological structures of a language (and likewise, phonological change may sway the process of sound change). One process of phonological change is rephonemicization, in which the distribution of phonemes changes by either addition of new phonemes or a reorganization of existing phonemes. Mergers and splits are types of rephonemicization and are discussed further below.
Delaware Route 6
Delaware Route 6 (DE 6) is a state highway in Kent County, Delaware. It runs from Maryland Route 291 (MD 291) at the Maryland border west of Blackiston east to the Delaware Bay in Woodland Beach. The route passes through rural areas of northern Kent County as well as the towns of Clayton and Smyrna. DE 6 intersects DE 42 in Blackiston, DE 15 in Clayton, DE 300 and U.S. Route 13 (US 13) in Smyrna, and DE 9 to the east of Smyrna.  The road was built as a state highway during the 1920s and 1930s and received the DE 6 designation by 1936. The easternmost part of the route was paved in the 1960s and the route was moved to its current alignment bypassing downtown Smyrna by the 1990s.

Delaware Route 42
Delaware Route 42 (DE 42) is a state highway in Kent County, Delaware. It runs 12.74 miles (20.50 km) from DE 6 in Blackiston east to DE 9 in Leipsic. DE 42 passes through rural areas along with the towns of Kenton and Cheswold. The route intersects DE 300 in Kenton, runs concurrent with DE 15 between Seven Hickories and Moores Corner, and crosses U.S. Route 13 (US 13) in Cheswold. The road was built as a state highway during the 1920s and 1930s. DE 42 was designated by 1936 between Kenton and Leipsic and extended to Blackiston by 1966.