hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher A. Pissarides
Sir Christopher Antoniou Pissarides FBA (/ˌpɪsəˈriːdiːz/; Greek: Χριστόφορος Αντωνίου Πισσαρίδης; born 20 February 1948) is a Cypriot economist. He is Regius Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics, and Professor of European Studies at the University of Cyprus. His research focuses on macroeconomics, labour economics, economic growth, and economic policy. In 2010 he received the Nobel Prize in Economics along with Peter Diamond and Dale Mortensen, "for their analysis of markets with theory of search frictions."

Peter Diamond
Peter Arthur Diamond (born April 29, 1940) is an American economist known for his analysis of U.S. Social Security policy and his work as an advisor to the Advisory Council on Social Security in the late 1980s and 1990s. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides. He is an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On June 6, 2011, he withdrew his nomination to serve on the Federal Reserve's board of governors, citing intractable Republican opposition for 14 months.
Southern California News Group
The Southern California News Group (SCNG), formerly the San Gabriel Valley News Group and the Los Angeles News Group, is an umbrella group of local daily newspapers published in the greater Los Angeles area of southern California by Digital First Media, which is owned by the hedge fund Alden Global Capital.

MediaNews Group
MNG Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Digital First Media and MediaNews Group, is a Denver, Colorado, United States–based newspaper publisher owned by Alden Global Capital. As of May 2021, it owns over 100 newspapers and 200 assorted other publications.
Bubrah
Bubrah (Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦧꦸꦧꦿꦃ, romanized: Candhi Bubrah) is a 9th-century Buddhist temple located within the complex of the Prambanan Temple Archaeological Park, in Central Java, Indonesia. Experts believe that the temple was designed as a part of the greater Sewu temple compound (Manjusrigrha complex).

The original name of this temple is unknown, however the local Javanese named the temple "candi bubrah", which means "ruins temple" in the Javanese language. The name reflect the conditions of this temple during its discovery, which was a heap of 2 metres tall stone ruins. Bubrah means broken, in ruins or disorderly in Javanese, it has been in a state of ruins for many years, until it was reconstructed between 2011 and 2017.
 The temple is a part of Prambanan Temple Compounds, a World Heritage Site since 1991.

Sewu
Sewu (from Old Javanese  Sewu, Javanese: ꦱꦺꦮꦸ, romanized: Sèwu) is an eighth-century Mahayana Buddhist or Hindu temple located 800 metres north of Prambanan in Central Java, Indonesia. The word for a Hindu or Buddhist temple in Javanese is "candi" (from Kawi  caṇḍi), hence, the common name is "Candi Sewu". Candi Sewu is the second largest Buddhist temple complex in Indonesia; Borobudur is the largest. Sewu predates it and it is located near the "Loro Jonggrang" temple at Prambanan. Although the complex consists of 249 temples, this Javanese name translates to 'a thousand temples,' which originated from popular local folklore (The Legend of Roro Jonggrang). Archaeologists believe the original name for the temple compound to be Manjusrigrha.
Weill Cornell Medicine
Weill Cornell Medicine (/waɪl/; officially Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University), originally Cornell University Medical College, is the medical school of Cornell University, located on the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States.

The school and its associated research organization is affiliated with several hospitals and medical centers, including NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Rockefeller University, all of which are located on or near York Avenue and Sutton Place. Since 2004, Weill Cornell has also been affiliated with Houston Methodist Hospital.

In 1991, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Rockefeller University joined Weill Cornell to establish the Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program. In 2001, the school opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, a medical school in Qatar.

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (abbreviated as NYP) is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City. It is the primary teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. The hospital includes nine campuses located throughout the New York metropolitan area. The hospital's two flagship medical centers, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, are located on opposite sides of Upper Manhattan.

As of 2022, the hospital is ranked the seventh-best hospital in the United States and second-best in the New York City metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital has more than 6,500 affiliated physicians, 20,000 employees and operates 4,000+ beds in total. It is one of the largest hospitals in the world. NYPH annually treats about 310,000 patients in its emergency department and delivers about 15,000 babies.
Pākiri
Pākiri is a locality in Auckland, in the former Rodney District of New Zealand. Leigh is about 9 kilometres (6 mi) to the south-east. The Pākiri River flows through the area and into the Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana to the north-east.

The area is named for the Ngāti Wai chief, Te Kiri. The beach was originally known by the name Ngā One Haea o Pākiri ("The Gleaming White Sands of Pakiri"), Pākiri being the name of the Ngāti Wai pā found at the headlands of the Pākiri River. Ngāti Manuhiri, an iwi descended from the early Ngāti Wai ancestors in the area, are the mana whenua for the Pākiri area.

Leigh, New Zealand
Leigh ( /ˌliː-/) is a coastal village in the north of the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It lies on the west side of Omaha Cove, a small inlet within Ōmaha Bay to the south of Cape Rodney. It is 13 km from Matakana, 21 km from Warkworth.

Leigh is the nearest town to Cape Rodney-Okakari Point Marine Reserve surrounding Te Hāwere-a-Maki / Goat Island. The reserve, the first of its type in New Zealand, is also the location for the University of Auckland's Marine Laboratory.
Al-Shorta Stadium
Al-Shorta Stadium (Arabic: ملعب الشرطة) is a football stadium in Baghdad, Iraq. It is the home stadium of Iraq Stars League club Al-Shorta. It opened in 2025 on the site of the original Al-Shorta Stadium, which had stood from 1990 until 2014. It has a seating capacity of 10,089.

The construction of the stadium was initiated as the centrepiece of the Al-Shorta Sports City project, which was also planned to include a training ground, a hotel, a club office, a swimming pool, a multi-purpose closed hall, a recreation club, restaurants, theatres and a shopping centre. The project was announced in 2013 and construction began in 2014, but it was suspended in 2015 due to instability in the country and disputes over payments. The project resumed in late 2022 but was scaled down to only include the all-seater stadium and training ground.

The stadium is located at the club's headquarters on Falastin Street, adjacent to the Ministry of Water Resources building in Al-Rusafa.

Al-Shorta Stadium (1990)
Al-Shorta Stadium (Arabic: ملعب الشرطة) was a multi-use stadium in Baghdad, Iraq. It was used mostly for football matches, serving as the home stadium of Al-Shorta SC, and was able to hold 8,634 people. The stadium was known as "The Cage" (Arabic: القفص) by Al-Shorta fans. The stadium was demolished in March 2014 to make way for the construction of the club's new all-seater stadium.
Commando 3 (film)
Commando 3 is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Aditya Datt and produced by Vipul Amrutlal Shah and Reliance Entertainment. The film is the third film of Commando franchise following Commando (2013) and Commando 2 (2017). It stars Vidyut Jammwal, with Gulshan Devaiah as the antagonist, alongside Adah Sharma and Angira Dhar. In the film, Karan goes undercover with Bhavana Reddy for an anti-terrorist mission in London.

Filming commenced in September 2018 in Bradford and York City in England. The film was earlier planned to release in September 2019. It was finally released in cinemas on 29 November 2019. The film is the highest grossing film in the Commando film series, but was not much commercially successful due to its budget.

Commando 2: The Black Money Trail
Commando 2: The Black Money Trail (or simply Commando 2) is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Deven Bhojani and produced by Vipul Amrutlal Shah, Dhaval Jayantilal Gada and Reliance Entertainment. Ritesh Shah wrote the script and dialogues of the film, while the story was written by Suresh Nair. The film is the second installment of the Commando film series and stars Vidyut Jammwal, Adah Sharma, Esha Gupta, Freddy Daruwala, and Thakur Anoop Singh.

Principal photography commenced on 17 February 2016. The songs were composed by Mannan Shaah and Gourov Roshin, while the score was composed by Prasad Sashte. The cinematography was handled by Chirantan Das, while the editing were handled by Amitabh Shukla and Sanjay Sharma.

Commando 2: The Black Money Trail was released on 3 March 2017 in Hindi, along with the dubbed versions of Tamil and Telugu languages. A sequel titled Commando 3 was released in 2019 with Vidyut Jammwal and Adah Sharma reprising their roles.
Ambrose E. Gonzales
Ambrose Elliott Gonzales (May 27, 1857 – July 11, 1926) was a newspaper founder, with his brother, and wrote stories about African Americans. He was born on a plantation in Colleton County, South Carolina. After working as a telegraph operator, he and his brother Narciso Gonzales founded  the newspaper The State. His paper opposed lynching and advocated for voting rights. It was critical of South Carolina's white supremacist governor Benjamin Tillman whose nephew James H. Tillman murdered Narcsico Gonzalez. Ambrose Elliott Gonzales is remembered as a pioneering journalist in South Carolina and the writer of black dialect sketches on the Gullah people of the South Carolina and Georgia Lowcountry.

Narciso Gener Gonzales
Narciso Gener Gonzales (August 5, 1858 – January 19, 1903) was an American journalist born in Eddingsville, Edisto Island, South Carolina. He founded The State newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, with his brother, Ambrose E. Gonzales in 1891. Gonzales was a frequent critic of Tillmanism. He was also a Democratic powerbroker in the state, directing patronage from the second Cleveland administration within South Carolina. Gonzales was murdered in 1903 by South Carolina Lieutenant Governor James H. Tillman, the nephew of Senator Ben Tillman, after Gonzales effectively ended James Tillman's chances of becoming governor with a series of scathing editorials.
Ferrovia Paulista S/A
Ferrovia Paulista S/A (FEPASA) was a São Paulo state-owned freight and passenger railway company, created by merging Paulista Railroads Company (CPEF), Mogiana Railroads Company (CMEF), Sorocabana Railroad (EFS), Araraquara Railroad (EFA), and São Paulo-Minas Railroad (EFSPM). It remained in activity from October 1971 until May 1998, when it was extinguished and incorporated into the Federal Railway Network S/A (RFFSA).

RFFSA
The Rede Ferroviária Federal, Sociedade Anônima (RFFSA, pronounced as Refesa) (lit. 'Federal Railroad Network, S.A.') was the State-owned national railway company of Brazil created from Brazilian Federal Law #3.115 on March 16, 1957, after several railroads were nationalized by the Brazilian government. However, the railroad did not take full effect until September 30, 1957. The RFFSA linked 42 railways together (both on documents and actual railroads), creating a regional system composed of 22 railroads. The goal of the RFFSA was to promote and advance the railroad sector of Brazil, creating a north-south-east-west rail network in all five regions of Brazil. But it failed and the RFFSA only served four of the five regions with a north-south rail network win 19 units of the federation of Brazil. By 1999, freight service of the railroad was liquidated and privatized, with the passenger service of the railroad liquidations occurring in 2007.
Centro (store)
Centro, also called Reliance Centro and formerly Central, is an Indian department store chain operated by Reliance Retail. It was formerly operated by Future Lifestyle Fashion of Future Group. It competes with other department store chains such as Lifestyle and Shoppers Stop.

Reliance Retail
Reliance Retail is an Indian retail company and a subsidiary of Reliance Industries. Founded in 2006, it is the largest retailer in India in terms of revenue. Its retail outlets offer foods, groceries, apparel, footwear, toys, home improvement products, electronic goods, and farm implements and inputs. As of 2023, it has over 245,000 employees at 18,000 store locations in 7,000 towns.
Peroxide-based bleach
A peroxide-based bleach or simply peroxide bleach is any bleach product that is based on the peroxide chemical group, namely two oxygen atoms connected by a single bond, (–O–O–). This bond is fairly weak and is often broken in chemical reactions of peroxides, giving rise to very reactive oxygen species, which are the active agents of the bleach.

Peroxide-based bleaches became common household products in the late 20th century, being the base of many laundry detergent formulations. Most of these products are adducts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 or HOOH), that is, solids that contain H2O2 trapped in a crystal structure together with another material like sodium carbonate or urea.  An exception is sodium perborate, which has a cyclic structure containing two O-O single bonds.

Peroxide bleaches are considered to be eco-friendly cleaning agents, compared to chlorine-based bleaches that might produce organochlorine compounds.

Sodium perborate
Sodium perborate are chemical compounds with chemical formula [Na+]2[B2O4(OH)4]2−(H2O)x. Commonly encountered salts are the anhydrous form (x = 0) and as a hexahydrate (x = 6).  These two species are sometimes called, respectively, "monohydrate" or PBS-1 and "tetrahydrate" or PBS-4, after the historic assumption that NaBO3 would be the anhydrous form). Both the anhydrous and hexahydrate salts are white, odorless, water-soluble solids.

Peroxyborates are widely used in laundry detergents, as one of the peroxide-based bleaches.

Sodium perborate was first obtained in 1898, independently, by Sebastian Tanatar and by P. Melikoff and L. Pissadewsky; the researchers prepared sodium perborate by treating sodium borate with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide, but Tanatar also obtained sodium perborate by electrolysis of a solution of sodium borate.
Mandu, Madhya Pradesh
Mandu or Mandavgad is an ancient city in the present-day Mandav area of the Dhar district. It is located in the Malwa and Nimar region of western Madhya Pradesh, India, at 35 km from Dhar city. In the 11th century, Mandu was the sub division of the Tarangagadh or Taranga kingdom. This fortress town on a rocky outcrop about 100 km (62 mi) from Indore is celebrated for its architecture.

Dhar
Dhar is a city located in Dhar district of the Malwa region in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Dhar district. Before Indian independence from Great Britain, it was the capital of the Dhar princely state.
Deep Learning Anti-Aliasing
Deep Learning Anti-Aliasing (DLAA) is a form of spatial anti-aliasing developed by Nvidia. DLAA depends on and requires Tensor Cores available in Nvidia RTX cards.

DLAA is similar to Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS) in its anti-aliasing method, with one important differentiation being that the goal of DLSS is to increase performance at the cost of image quality, whereas the main priority of DLAA is improving image quality at the cost of performance (irrelevant of resolution upscaling or downscaling). DLAA is similar to temporal anti-aliasing (TAA) in that they are both spatial anti-aliasing solutions relying on past frame data. Compared to TAA, DLAA is substantially better when it comes to shimmering, flickering, and handling small meshes like wires.

Deep Learning Super Sampling
Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS) is a suite of real-time deep learning image enhancement and upscaling technologies developed by Nvidia that are available in a number of video games. The goal of these technologies is to allow the majority of the graphics pipeline to run at a lower resolution for increased performance, and then infer a higher resolution image from this that approximates the same level of detail as if the image had been rendered at this higher resolution. This allows for higher graphical settings or frame rates for a given output resolution, depending on user preference.

All generations of DLSS are available on all RTX-branded cards from Nvidia in supported titles. However, the Frame Generation feature is only supported on RTX 40 series GPUs or newer and Multi Frame Generation is only available on 50 series GPUs.
Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan
The Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan (RTA) is a public transit agency serving Metro Detroit and the Ann Arbor area in the U.S. state of Michigan. It operates the QLINE streetcar in Detroit, and coordinates and oversees the public transit services operated by DDOT, SMART, TheRide, and the Detroit People Mover. Its operating area covers the counties of Macomb, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Wayne.

Detroit People Mover
The Detroit People Mover (DPM) is a 2.94-mile (4.73 km) elevated automated people mover system in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The system operates in a one-way loop on a single track encircling downtown Detroit, using Intermediate Capacity Transit System linear induction motor technology developed by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 1,075,200, or about 3,900 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

The People Mover is supplemented by the QLINE streetcar, which connects downtown with Midtown, New Center, and the Detroit Amtrak station. The system also connects to local buses operated by DDOT and SMART, and the D2A2 and DAX commuter buses, as part of a comprehensive network of transportation in metropolitan Detroit.
Criminal Manne
Vanda L. Watkins (born August 7, 1976), known professionally as Criminal Manne, is an American rapper and actor from Tennessee. He is a former member of the Memphis-based hip hop trio the Project Playaz. As a solo artist, his second album, Street Ways (2005) peaked at number 97 on the Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, followed by his collaborative album with Pastor Troy: Atlanta 2 Memphis (2006), which peaked at number 88. Criminal Manne has also starred in the films Da Neighborhood Dopemane and The Woods.

Pastor Troy
Micah LeVar Troy (born November 18, 1977), known professionally as Pastor Troy, is an American rapper from Augusta, Georgia. He is best known for his 2002 single "Are We Cuttin'" (featuring Ms. Jade), which entered the Billboard Hot 100. The year prior, he signed with Universal Records to release his fourth album and major label debut, Face Off (2001), which entered the Billboard 200. "Are We Cuttin'" spawned from his sixth album, Universal Soldier (2002), which peaked at number 13 on the chart. His seventh, By Any Means Necessary (2004), served as his final release with the label.

Along with his solo career, he was the lead member of the Southern hip hop group D.S.G.B. (Down South Georgia Boyz).
Rafail Levitsky
Rafail Sergeevich Levitsky (Russian: Рафаи́л Сергее́вич Леви́цкий; c. 1840–1847 — c. 1937–1940) was a Russian painter in the Realist style, active during Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II's reigns. The son to pioneering portrait photographer Sergey Levitsky, he was a second-rate master most remembered as friend to contemporaneous artists Ilya Repin and Vasily Polenov.

Vasily Polenov
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov (Russian: Василий Дмитриевич Поленов; 1 June 1844 – 18 July 1927) was a Russian landscape painter associated with the Peredvizhniki movement of realist artists. His contemporaries would call him the "Knight of Beauty" as he embodied both European and Russian traditions of painting. His vision of life was summarized as following: "Art should promote happiness and joy".
Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site
The Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site is located in a rural area of Bates County, Missouri, in the western part of the state. The site was established to preserve the area of the American Civil War battle that took place in October 28–29, 1862 between Union forces and Confederate guerrillas. The battle was significant as the first time African-American troops on the Union side engaged enemy white troops in the Civil War. A correspondent of The New York Times reported on the battle; the headline noted the "desperate bravery" of the African Americans in achieving Union victory.

This area was active with guerrillas and raiding parties from either side. In this conflict, the Union forces were mainly the 1st Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry (Colored) with supporting elements of the 5th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry; they opposed a much larger, mounted force of Confederate guerrillas, who were supplemented with elements of the pro-Confederate Missouri State Guard.

Skirmish at Island Mound
The Skirmish at Island Mound was a skirmish of the American Civil War, occurring on October 29, 1862, in Bates County, Missouri. The Union victory is notable as the first known event in which an African-American regiment engaged in combat against Confederate forces during the war.

Made up mostly of former slaves who had escaped from Missouri and Arkansas, the regiment was recently trained in Kansas. They were outnumbered in the skirmish, but stood their ground and fought with "desperate bravery," as headlined by The New York Times. This Kansas regiment was later made part of the Union Army as United States Colored Troops. The state acquired property here in 2011 and the area has been preserved since 2012 as the Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site.
Sarracenia oreophila
Sarracenia oreophila, also known as the green pitcherplant, is a carnivorous plant in the genus Sarracenia.  It has highly modified leaves in the form of pitchers that act as pitfall traps for prey. The narrow pitcher leaves are tapered tubes that rise up to 75 centimetres (30 in) from the ground, with a mouth 6 to 10 centimetres (2.4 to 3.9 in) in circumference  Like all the Sarracenia, it is native to North America. Sarracenia oreophila is the most endangered of all Sarracenia species, its range limited to a handful of sites in northern Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia, and—historically—Tennessee.

Sarracenia
Sarracenia (/ˌsærəˈsiːniə/ or /ˌsærəˈsɛniə/) is a genus comprising 8 to 11 species of North American pitcher plants, commonly called trumpet pitchers. The genus belongs to the family Sarraceniaceae, which also contain the closely allied genera Darlingtonia and Heliamphora.

Sarracenia is a genus of carnivorous plants indigenous to the eastern seaboard of the United States, Texas, the Great Lakes area and southeastern Canada, with most species occurring only in the south-east United States (only S. purpurea occurs in cold-temperate regions). The plant's leaves have evolved into a funnel or pitcher shape in order to trap insects.

The plant attracts its insect prey with secretions from extrafloral nectaries on the lip of the pitcher leaves, as well as a combination of the leaves' color and scent. Slippery footing at the pitcher's rim causes insects to fall inside, where they die and are digested by the plant with proteases and other enzymes.