hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, 17th Duke of Alba, 10th Duke of Berwick, GE, LH, GCVO (17 October 1878 – 24 September 1953) was a Spanish peer, diplomat, politician, art collector and Olympic medalist. He was one of the most important aristocrats of his time and held, among other titles, the dukedoms of Alba de Tormes and Berwick, the Countship of Lemos, Lerín, Montijo and the Marquessate of Carpio. He was granted the Order of the Golden Fleece of Spain in 1926.

A close friend and relative of the British royal family, he was one of the leading guests at the wedding of Queen Elizabeth II in 1947.

Count of Lemos
Count of Lemos (Spanish: Conde de Lemos) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1456 by Henry IV to Pedro Álvarez Osorio, as a result of his marriage to Beatriz Enríquez de Castilla, a cousin of the king.

The title makes reference to the town of Monforte de Lemos in Lugo, Spain.
Fall of Damascus (2024)
On 7 December 2024, the Syrian opposition group known as the Southern Operations Room, in co-ordination with the Military Operations Command, led forces that entered the Rif Dimashq region of Syria from the south, and those forces then came within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the capital Damascus. The Syrian Army withdrew from multiple points in the outskirts. Concurrently with the advance towards Damascus, opposition militia Tahrir al-Sham and the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army in the north launched an offensive into Homs, while the Syrian Free Army advanced into the capital from the southeast. By 8 December 2024, rebel forces entered the city's Barzeh neighborhood. According to official state reports in Russian mass media and media footage, President Bashar al-Assad left Damascus by air to Moscow, where he was granted asylum, sealing the fall of his regime.

2024 Homs offensive
The 2024 Homs offensive was a military operation launched by forces of the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) during the 2024 Syrian opposition offensive, a phase of the Syrian Civil War. The operation was launched by the Military Operations Command following its capture of Hama on 5 December 2024 during the 2024 Hama offensive. The offensive ended in the city being captured by opposition forces on the night of 7/8 December after government forces abandoned the city.
Warner Bros. Television Studios UK
Warner Bros. Television Studios UK (formerly Shed Media Group and later Warner Bros. Television Productions UK) is a British creator and distributor of television content. The Group produces long-running television brands in drama, factual, documentary, factual entertainment, and history. Established in 1998 as Shed Productions, the company floated on AIM (Alternative Investment Market) in March 2005. The group has grown significantly since flotation and to date, five award-winning media companies: Ricochet, Twenty Twenty Television, Wall to Wall Media, and Outright Distribution have all joined the group. In 2010, it was bought by Time Warner.

Twenty Twenty Television
Twenty Twenty Television is a British television production company that joined the Shed Media Group (now Warner Bros. Television Productions UK) in September 2007. The company produces documentaries, current affairs, drama, living history, and children's television.
California montane chaparral and woodlands
The California montane chaparral and woodlands is an ecoregion defined by the World Wildlife Fund, spanning 7,900 square miles (20,000 km2) of mountains in the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, and Coast Ranges of southern and central California. The ecoregion is part of the larger California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, and belongs to the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.

California chaparral and woodlands
The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of southwestern Oregon, northern, central, and southern California (United States) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico), located on the west coast of North America. It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, and part of the Nearctic realm.
Oświęcim Treasure
The Oświęcim Treasure is an archaeological discovery of about 400 items from the Great Synagogue in Oświęcim, discovered in 2004 by a team of archaeologists led by Dr. Małgorzata Grupa from the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń.

Great Synagogue (Oświęcim)
The Great Synagogue (Polish: Wielka Synagoga w Oświęcimiu) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located in Oświęcim (German: Auschwitz), in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland. Designed by Carl Korn and completed in 1873, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until  World War II when it was destroyed by Nazis in November 1939.
Acoustic foam
Acoustic foam is an open-celled foam used for acoustic treatment. It attenuates airborne sound-waves, reducing their amplitude, for the purposes of noise reduction or noise control. The energy is dissipated as heat. Acoustic foam is primarily made from petroleum-based polyurethane, though some types use melamine. The foam can be made in several different colors, sizes, and thicknesses.

Acoustic foam is often used in recording studios, home cinemas, or nightclubs to control noise, vibrations, and echoes. The foam can be attached to walls, ceilings, doors, and other features of a room. Due to its oil-based character, acoustic foam can be flammable, and has been associated with several fire disasters. To mitigate this risk, many acoustic foam products are treated with fire retardants.

Soundproofing
Soundproofing is any means of impeding sound propagation. There are several methods employed including increasing the distance between the source and receiver, decoupling, using noise barriers to reflect or absorb the energy of the sound waves, using damping structures such as sound baffles for absorption, or using active anti-noise sound generators.

Acoustic quieting and noise control can be used to limit unwanted noise. Soundproofing can reduce the transmission of unwanted direct sound waves from the source to an involuntary listener through the use of distance and intervening objects in the sound path (see sound transmission class and sound reduction index).

Soundproofing can suppress unwanted indirect sound waves such as reflections that cause echoes and resonances that cause reverberation.
Isabella of Lusignan
Isabella of Lusignan (c.1224 – 14 January 1300) was a daughter of Hugh X of Lusignan and Isabella of Angoulême. Isabella was half-sister to King Henry III of England. She was Dame de Beauvoir-sur Mer et de Mercillac.

Hugh X of Lusignan
Hugh X de Lusignan or Hugh V of La Marche (c. 1183  – c. 5 June 1249, Angoulême) was Seigneur de Lusignan and Count of La Marche in November 1219 and was Count of Angoulême by marriage. He was the son of Hugh IX.
Tolmiea
Tolmiea is a genus of flowering plants in the saxifrage family containing two species native to northwestern North America. The genus was formerly considered to be monotypic until diploid populations were split off as T. diplomenziesii from the tetraploid populations of T. menziesii.

The genus was named after the Scottish-Canadian botanist William Fraser Tolmie.

Tolmiea diplomenziesii
Tolmiea diplomenziesii is a species of flowering plant of the genus Tolmiea. It is found mainly in Oregon and California, but it is endemic to the United States. The plant was formerly considered to be part of T. menziesii but was split off as a separate species because while T. menziesii is tetraploid, T. diplomenziesii is diploid.
Doctor Who season 21
The twenty-first season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 5 January 1984 with the Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) serial Warriors of the Deep, and ended on 30 March 1984 with Colin Baker's first serial The Twin Dilemma. For the third time (the first being during Season 4 and second being Season 18), the entire TARDIS crew changed over the course of a single season. John Nathan-Turner produced the series, with Eric Saward script editing.

Doctor Who season 4
The fourth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 10 September 1966 with the First Doctor (William Hartnell) story The Smugglers and, after a change of lead actor (Patrick Troughton) part-way through the series, ended on 1 July 1967 with The Evil of the Daleks. For the first time, the entire main cast changed over the course of a single season (the only other occasions this has happened are during Season 18 and Season 21).

Only 10 out of 43 episodes survive in the BBC archives; 33 remain missing. No serials in this season exist in their entirety. However, The Tenth Planet, The Power of the Daleks, The Underwater Menace, The Moonbase, The Macra Terror, The Faceless Ones and The Evil of the Daleks have currently had their missing episodes (twenty five in total) reconstructed with animation and subsequently have been released on home media.
El Baúl
El Baúl is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in present-day Escuintla Department, Guatemala.  El Baúl, along with the sites of Bilbao and El Castillo, is part of the Cotzumalhuapa Archaeological Zone.  It was occupied during the prehistoric Formative stage of the Americas.

Bilbao (Mesoamerican site)
Bilbao is a Mesoamerican archaeological site about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the modern town of Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa in the Escuintla department of Guatemala. The site lies among sugar plantations on the Pacific coastal plain and its principal phase of occupation is dated to the Classic Period. Bilbao was a major centre belonging to the Cotzumalhuapa culture with its main occupation dating to the Late Classic (c. AD 600–800). Bilbao is the former name of the plantation on which the site lies and from which it has derived its name.
Dou (volume)
Dou (Chinese: 斗; pinyin: dǒu), called to in Japan, du in Korea, and đấu in Vietnam and sometimes translated as a scoop or ladle, is a traditional unit of volume in East Asia. It originated in China and later spread to other places. One dou equals 10 sheng or 1/10 dan, now officially 10 liters in China, 18.039 liters in Japan and 18 liters in Korea.

Dou is one of the traditional Chinese units of measurement used to measure cereal grains, among other things.

Sheng (volume)
The sheng (Chinese: 升; pinyin: shēng), also known as the Chinese liter, is a traditional unit of volume originating in China. It was later adopted in Japan, where it is known as the sho, in Korea as the seung, and in Vietnam and other East Asian regions. One sheng is equal to 10 ge or 1⁄10 dou, although its exact capacity has varied across historical periods and regions.

In modern usage, the value of one sheng differs by country: in China, it is defined as exactly 1 litre; in Japan, one sho equals approximately 1.8039 litres; and in Korea, one seung is 1.8 litres.

Historically, the sheng was primarily used as a measure for cereal grains. In contemporary contexts, it is more commonly used, like the litre, to measure liquids or gases.
Mayadunne of Sitawaka
Mayadunne (Sinhala: මායාදුන්නේ) was the founder and ruler of Sitawaka from 1521 to 1581. A fierce opponent of the Portuguese, he devoted his life to oust his father and brother Bhuvanekabahu VII, the king of Kotte in order to preserve the independence of the island, being undermined by Portuguese intrigue. He constantly invaded the territory of Bhuvanekabahu of Kotte.

Bhuvanaikabahu VII
Bhuvanaikabahu VII (1468 – 29 December 1550) was King of Kotte in the sixteenth century, who ruled from 1521 to 1550. He was the eldest son of Vijayabahu VI of Kotte, whom he succeeded, and his chief queen Anula Kahatuda. He was born in 1468  and his brothers were Mayadunne of Sitawaka and Rayigam Bandara. After his father married a second time, his new queen brought a son from another relationship called Deva Rajasinghe, who the king intended to pass on the crown to, and Bhuvanaikabahu and his two brothers responded by fleeing the kingdom, and on their return they had an army given by the King of Kandy.

Bhuvanaikabahu VII was succeeded by his grandson Dharmapala.
Brad Smith (racing driver)
Bradley Smith (born October 9, 1968) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competes full-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 48 Ford Fusion for his team, Brad Smith Motorsports. Smith is a veteran of the series, having made over 400 starts in it since 1988. He made his debut in the ARCA Menards Series East in 2020 and ARCA Menards Series West in 2021, and he and his team have also competed part-time in those series since then. He is the younger brother of fellow driver Jeff Smith.

Jeff Smith (American racing driver)
Jeff Smith (born August 20, 1963) is an American professional stock car racing driver and crew chief who last competed part-time in the ARCA Menards Series and the ARCA Menards Series East, driving the No. 01 Ford for Fast Track Racing in collaboration with Brad Smith Motorsports. He is the older brother of current ARCA Menards Series driver Brad Smith.
Leicestershire Yeomanry
The Leicestershire Yeomanry (Prince Albert's Own) was a yeomanry regiment of the British Army, first raised in 1794 and again in 1803, which provided cavalry and mounted infantry in the Second Boer War and the First World War and provided two field artillery regiments of the Royal Artillery in the Second World War, before being amalgamated with the Derbyshire Yeomanry to form the Leicestershire and Derbyshire (Prince Albert's Own) Yeomanry in 1957. The regiment's lineage is currently perpetuated by E (Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry) Squadron of the Royal Yeomanry.

Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry
The Leicestershire and Derbyshire (Prince Albert's Own) Yeomanry was formed in 1957 as a regiment of the British Army. It evolved to become part of the Royal Yeomanry. Its lineage is maintained by the E (Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry) Squadron of that regiment.
Balanos Vasilopoulos
Balanos Vasilopoulos (Greek: Μπαλάνος Βασιλόπουλος; 1694–1760) was a Greek Orthodox cleric, author, mathematician, physicist, and philosopher.  He is known for attempting to solve doubling the cube.  He was one of the most influential Greek mathematicians of the 18th century.  His teacher was the notable scientist Methodios Anthrakites.  He made a significant contribution to the Modern Greek Enlightenment during the Ottoman occupation of the Greek world.

Methodios Anthrakites
Methodios Anthrakites (Greek: Μεθόδιος Ανθρακίτης; 1660–1736) was a Greek Orthodox cleric, author, educator, mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher.

He directed the Gioumeios and Epiphaneios Schools in Ioannina. He also supported the use of the people's language in education instead of archaic forms of Greek. He was involved in a controversy regarding Korydalism. He is known for being persecuted for introducing modern philosophical thought to Greek education, the incident is widely known as the Methodios Affair. He made a significant contribution to the growth of the Modern Greek Enlightenment during the Ottoman occupation of Greece.
2nd Dragoons (Canada)
The 2nd Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, the regiment was Amalgamated with the 10th Brant Dragoons to form the 2nd/10th Dragoons – today now part of the 57th Field Artillery Regiment (2nd/10th Dragoons), RCA (currently on the Supplementary Order of Battle).

10th Brant Dragoons
The 10th Brant Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First raised in 1909 as the 25th Brant Dragoons, the regiment was redesignated in 1921 as the 10th Brant Dragoons. In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with the 2nd Dragoons to form the 2nd/10th Dragoons –  now part of the 57th Field Artillery Regiment (2nd/10th Dragoons), RCA (currently on the Supplementary Order of Battle).
Rampton Secure Hospital
Rampton Secure Hospital is a high-security psychiatric hospital near the village of Woodbeck between Retford and Rampton in Nottinghamshire, England. It is one of three high-security psychiatric hospitals in England, alongside Ashworth Hospital in Merseyside and Broadmoor Hospital in Berkshire. It is managed by Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.

Broadmoor Hospital
Broadmoor Hospital is a high-security psychiatric hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England.

It is the oldest of England's three high-security psychiatric hospitals, the other two being Ashworth Hospital near Liverpool and Rampton Secure Hospital in Nottinghamshire. The hospital's catchment area consists of four National Health Service regions: London, Eastern, South East and South West. It is managed by the West London NHS Trust.
Long Branch (Platte River tributary)
Long Branch is a stream in eastern Nodaway county in the  State of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Platte River and is 31.2 miles (50.2 km) long.

Initially, North Branch was the more common name for the stream. and survived until the 20th century, but the name Long Branch was also extant.

The stream begins just west of Gaynor and flows almost exactly south for most of its course. No settlements are located along the stream, and it is crossed US Route 136 approximately halfway through its course.

There is one named tributary named Cottonwood Creek located in the southern part of the stream's course between Barnard and Arkoe.

There is a cemetery in Independence Township, located just west of Gaynor near the stream's headwaters, named Long Branch Cemetery.

Platte River (Iowa and Missouri)
The Platte River is a tributary of the Missouri River and is 195.5 miles (314.6 km) long. It is located in southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri in the United States and is also known as  Little Platte River to distinguish it from the larger Platte River, also a tributary of the Missouri, in nearby Nebraska. The Platte River of Missouri itself has a tributary known as the Little Platte River.
Gilaks
Gilaks (Gilaki: گيلٚکٚاٚٓن) are an Iranian people native to south of Caspian sea. They form one of the main ethnic groups residing in the northern parts of Iran. Gilak people, along with the closely related Mazandarani people, comprise part of the Caspian people, who inhabit the southern and southwestern coastal regions of the Caspian Sea.

They all speak the Gilaki language as their first language, an Iranian language that is closely related to Mazandarani.

Mazanderani people
Mazanderanis (Mazanderani: مازرونی مردمون), also known as the Tabari people or Tabarestani people (Mazanderani: توری مردمون or تبری مردمون), are an Iranian people who are indigenous to the Caspian Sea region of Iran. They are also referred to as Mazanis for short. They inhabit the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and are part of the historical region known as Tabaristan. The Alborz Mountains mark the southern boundary of the area settled by the Mazanderani people.
Taranaki (National Provincial Championship)
Taranaki (often known as the Taranaki Bulls) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in New Plymouth, New Zealand. They represent the Taranaki region and compete National Provincial Championship. The union was originally established in 1889, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976.

The team is governed by the Taranaki Rugby Football Union, and typically play their home games at Stadium Taranaki in New Plymouth. The team is affiliated with the Chiefs Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are amber and black.

Taranaki Rugby Football Union
The Taranaki Rugby Football Union (TRFU, Taranaki Rugby) is the governing body for rugby union in Taranaki, New Zealand. Established in 1885, it is based in New Plymouth. The union's traditional colours are amber and black.

The Taranaki Bulls and Taranaki Whio are the two most senior representative men's and women's teams, competing in the NPC and Farah Palmer Cup respectively. The Bulls typically play their home games at Stadium Taranaki in New Plymouth, while the Whio play at Stadium Taranaki and other venues across the province.

Taranaki Rugby is part of the Chiefs Super Rugby region and has a 23.1% ownership stake in the franchise.
Action of 10 March 1917
The action of 10 March 1917 was a single-ship action in the First World War between the Imperial German Navy merchant raider SMS Möwe and the defensively-armed New Zealand Shipping Company cargo ship Otaki. Otaki was sunk, but Möwe was badly damaged.

SMS Möwe (1914)
SMS Möwe (German pronunciation: [ˈmøːvə]; German: Seagull) was a merchant raider of the Imperial German Navy which operated against Allied shipping during World War I.

Disguised as a neutral cargo ship to enable it to get close to targets, the Möwe was effective at commerce raiding, sinking 40 ships in the course of the war.
Misterjaw
Misterjaw is a 34-episode animated television series, produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises in 1976 for The Pink Panther Laugh and a Half Hour and a Half Show television series on NBC. Reruns continued on the Think Pink Panther Show on NBC from September 11, 1977 through September 3, 1978.

The Pink Panther Show
The Pink Panther Show is an American showcase of animated shorts produced by David H. DePatie and Friz Freleng between 1969 and 1978, starring the animated Pink Panther character from the opening credits of the live-action films. The series was produced by Mirisch Films and DePatie–Freleng Enterprises, and was broadcast Saturday mornings on two American television networks: from September 6, 1969, to September 2, 1978, on NBC; and from September 9, 1978, to September 1, 1979, on ABC.
2C-T
2C-T, or 2C-T-1, also known as 4-methylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally. The drug has a relatively short duration and is of relatively low potency among the 2C psychedelics.

The drug acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It is the parent compound of the 2C-T series of psychedelic phenethylamines, with derivatives such as 2C-T-2, 2C-T-4, 2C-T-7, and 2C-T-21, among many others.

2C-T was first described in the scientific literature by David E. Nichols and Alexander Shulgin in 1976. It was described in greater detail by Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). The drug was encountered as a novel designer drug in Europe in 2023.

2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-x) is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds.

Most of the early 2C drugs were developed by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and were reviewed in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved). 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs.