hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugen Gutmann
Eugen Gutmann (24 June 1840 - 21 August 1925) was a German banker, philanthropist and art collector who is primarily known for founding Dresdner Bank and co-founder of Deutsche Orientbank and the German-South American merchant bank.

He primarily collected silverware which was partially sold to J. P. Morgan and today is exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gutmann is also the namesake of the Eugen-Gutmann-Society (Eugen-Gutmann-Gesellschaft) which is the historical association preserving the history of Commerzbank.

Deutsche Orientbank
The Deutsche Orientbank (DOB, lit. 'German Bank of the Orient') was a German bank, founded in 1905-1906 in Berlin and merged into Dresdner Bank in 1931-1932. It was originally intended for financing ventures in the Ottoman Empire and the Khedivate of Egypt.

In mid-1914 the Orientbank absorbed the Levantine network of Deutsche Palästina-Bank, established in the late 19th century as an earlier endeavor to develop German economic influence in the Ottoman Empire.
Delfinópolis
Delfinópolis is a Brazilian municipality located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 7,131 people living in a total area of 1,375 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos.  It became a municipality in 1948.

Passos, Minas Gerais
Passos is a Brazilian municipality located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 115,337 people living in a total area of 1,339 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos. It became a municipality in 1858.

The name is derived from the patron saint Décio Velho Martins Cançado.
George Henry Speltz
George Henry Speltz (May 29, 1912 – February 1, 2004) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Winona in Minnesota (1963–1966) and as bishop of the Diocese of St. Cloud in Minnesota (1968–1987).

Diocese of Winona–Rochester
The Diocese of Winona–Rochester (Latin: Dioecesis Vinonaënsis-Roffensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in Southern Minnesota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The mother church is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Winona, with the Co-Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist located in Rochester.
U.S. Route 201
U.S. Route 201 (US 201) is part of the nationwide system of United States Numbered Highways.  It runs for 157.46 miles (253.41 km)  entirely within the state of Maine and is a spur route of U.S. Route 1. Its southern terminus is in Brunswick at US 1 and Maine State Route 24 Business.  Its northern terminus is at the Canada–US border near Jackman (a terminus it shares with Maine State Route 6), where it connects to Quebec Route 173.

Between Solon and its northern terminus, US 201 is known as the Old Canada Road National Scenic Byway.

Quebec Route 173
Route 173 (Route-du-Président-Kennedy) is a major north/south highway on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, named after the assassinated American president, John F. Kennedy. Its southern terminus is at the Armstrong–Jackman Border Crossing in  Saint-Théophile in the hamlet of Armstrong, at the border with Maine (U.S. Route 201 / Maine SR 6), and its northern terminus is in Lévis at the junction of Route 132. Route 173 follows the Chaudière River for most of its course, from Saint-Georges, down to Scott, where the route takes a more northeastern route towards Lévis, crossing the Etchemin River in the municipality of Saint-Henri-de-Lévis.
Imam Khomeini Space Launch Terminal
35°14′16.8″N 53°57′02.8″E﻿ / ﻿35.238000°N 53.950778°E﻿ / 35.238000; 53.950778

Imam Khomeini Space Launch Terminal (Persian:پایانه فضایی امام خمینی) is an Iranian space vehicle launch facility, consisting of the service tower and launch pad used to launch the Simorgh launch vehicle. it is a part of the Semnan Space Center located south-east of the provincial capital of Semnan in Semnan Province.

Simorgh (rocket)
Simorgh (Persian: ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ, Simurgh), also called Safir-2, is an Iranian expendable launch vehicle. It is the successor of the Safir, Iran's first space launch vehicle. Its mission is to carry heavier satellites into higher orbit than Safir.

The project was unveiled by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on 3 February 2010, as part of celebrations of the first anniversary of the launch of Omid, the first indigenously launched Iranian satellite, and was launched for the first time on 19 April 2016.
Northgate Link tunnel
The Northgate Link tunnel is a light rail tunnel in Seattle, Washington, United States. The twin-bore Link light rail tunnel, built as part of the Northgate Link extension (formerly known as "North Link"), carries a section of the 1 Line and connects the University District to Northgate.

The tunnel begins at University of Washington station (the north end of the University Link tunnel) and travels northwest across the University of Washington campus. It serves intermediate stations at U District and Roosevelt before emerging on the east side of Interstate 5 at a portal in Maple Leaf. Light rail trains then continue on an elevated guideway to Northgate station, where the extension ends. The extension was approved in 2008 by voters in the Sound Transit 2 (ST2) package, began construction in 2012, and entered service on October 2, 2021. The extension cost $1.9 billion to construct.

Roosevelt station (Sound Transit)
Roosevelt station is a light rail station located in the Roosevelt neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. It is served by the 1 Line and 2 Line of Sound Transit's Link light rail system. The underground station consists of a single island platform connected to the surface via a mezzanine and two entrances along 12th Avenue Northeast at Northeast 65th and 67th streets.

Construction on the Northgate extension was approved by voters in a 2008 ballot measure and began in 2012. Two tunnel boring machines used to build the light rail tunnels arrived at Roosevelt station in 2015, on their way between Northgate and the University District. The station opened on October 2, 2021.
Leonardo Conti
Leonardo Conti (German pronunciation: [ˈleːonaʁdo ˈkɔnti]; 24 August 1900 – 6 October 1945) was the Reich Health Leader and an SS-Obergruppenführer in Nazi Germany. He was involved in the planning and execution of Action T4 that murdered hundreds of thousands of adults and children with severe mental and physical handicaps. On 19 May 1945, after Germany's surrender, Conti was imprisoned and in October hanged himself to avoid trial.

National Socialist German Doctors' League
The National Socialist German Doctors' League (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Ärztebund, abbreviated as NSDÄB or NSD-Ärztebund) was a division of the Nazi Party with the mission of integrating the German medical profession within the framework of the Nazi worldview. The organisation was headquartered in Munich. The League was organized (as with other departments of the Nazi Party) strictly in accord with the Führerprinzip ("leader principle") as well as the principle of Machtdistanz ("power distance"). The League was led by the Reich Health Leader (Reichsärzteführer).
Reconsideration of a motion
In parliamentary procedure, reconsideration of a motion (or reconsideration of a question) may be done on a matter previously decided. The motion to "reconsider" is used for this purpose. This motion originated in the United States and is generally not used in parliaments. A special form of this motion is reconsider and enter on the minutes.

Motion (parliamentary procedure)
In parliamentary procedure, a motion is a formal proposal by a member of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take a particular action. These may include legislative motions, budgetary motions, supplementary budgetary motions, and petitionary motions.

The possible motions in a deliberative assembly are determined by a pre-agreed volume detailing the correct parliamentary procedure, such as Robert's Rules of Order; The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure; or Lord Citrine's The ABC of Chairmanship. Motions are used in conducting business in almost all legislative bodies worldwide, and are used in meetings of many church vestries, corporate boards, and fraternal organizations.

Motions can bring new business before the assembly or consist of numerous other proposals to take procedural steps or carry out other actions relating to a pending proposal (such as postponing it to another time) or to the assembly itself (such as taking a recess).
Nanjing Agricultural University
Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU, Chinese: 南京农业大学; pinyin: Nánjīng Nóngyè Dàxué) is a public university located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and co-sponsored by the Ministry of Education and the Jiangsu Provincial Government. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.
Thomas Franklin Schneider
Thomas Franklin Schneider (born 1859 in Washington, D.C. — d. 1938) was an American architect who designed about 2,000 houses in the capital city area.

Among his important buildings are the Cairo Apartment Building, The Forest Inn, the Rochambeau, the Stoneleigh Court, the Ethelhurst, and his own private home, the Schneider House.

Schneider's parents were printers who moved from Germany to Washington, D.C., in 1830. After high school, Schneider worked for the architectural firm of Adolf Cluss and Schultze. While there, he worked on the construction of the Arts and Industries Building. He opened his own firm at age 24 and by 30 had designed The Cairo and The Forest Inn.

Schneider also created the city's first bus company.

The Cairo
The Cairo apartment building, located at 1615 Q Street NW in Washington, D.C., is a landmark in the Dupont Circle neighborhood and the District of Columbia's tallest residential building. Designed by architect Thomas Franklin Schneider and completed in 1894 as the city's first "residential skyscraper", the 164-foot (50 m)-tall brick building spurred local regulations and federal legislation limiting building height in the city that continue to shape Washington's skyline.

Today, the Cairo is a condominium building, home to renters and owners of apartments ranging in size from small studios to multi-level two- and three-bedroom units.
Periodic counter-current chromatography
Periodic counter-current chromatography (PCC) is a method for running affinity chromatography in a quasi-continuous manner. Today, the process is mainly employed for the purification of antibodies in the biopharmaceutical industry as well as in research and development. When purifying antibodies, protein A is used as affinity matrix. However, periodic counter-current processes can be applied to any affinity type chromatography.

Affinity chromatography
Affinity chromatography is a method of separating a biomolecule from a mixture, based on a highly specific macromolecular binding interaction between the biomolecule and another substance.  The specific type of binding interaction depends on the biomolecule of interest; antigen and antibody, enzyme and substrate, receptor and ligand, or protein and nucleic acid binding interactions are frequently exploited for isolation of various biomolecules.  Affinity chromatography is useful for its high selectivity and resolution of separation, compared to other chromatographic methods.
St. Louis Hegelians
The St. Louis Hegelians were a group of thinkers based in St. Louis, Missouri, who flourished in the 1860s. They were influenced by German idealism and Hegelianism.  They were led by William Torrey Harris and Henry Conrad Brokmeyer and were responsible for the publication of the Journal of Speculative Philosophy from 1867 to 1893, a non–theological organ which published an early essay on Friedrich Schiller written by Josiah Royce. Other members of the school included William McKendree Bryant and Thomas Davidson.

William Torrey Harris
William Torrey Harris (September 10, 1835 – November 5, 1909) was an American educator, philosopher, and lexicographer. He worked for nearly a quarter century in St. Louis, Missouri, where he taught school and served as Superintendent of Schools for twelve years. With Susan Blow, in 1873 he established the first permanent, public kindergarten in the country. He is also known for establishing high school as an integral part of public education.

Increasingly interested in Hegelian philosophy, he was cofounder of Journal of Speculative Philosophy (1867), the first philosophical journal in the US. He also worked with Amos Bronson Alcott's Concord School of Philosophy. In 1889 Harris was appointed as United States Commissioner of Education, and served in that role, under four presidents, until 1906.
The Firefly (Fringe)
"The Firefly" is the 10th episode of the third season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe, and the 53rd episode overall. The episode centers on a chain of events created by Walter's crossing over into the parallel universe in 1985 that has had subtle but significant effects in the present. Christopher Lloyd guest-starred as retired rocker Roscoe Joyce.

As the first episode in its new Friday time slot, "The Firefly" aired on January 21, 2011, in the United States to 4.88 million viewers, outperforming the previous episode "Marionette" Thursday night viewership by 18%. Time shifted viewership added 42% in its ratings. It received generally positive reviews, with many praising the storyline as "elegant" and "beautiful."

Marionette (Fringe)
"Marionette" is the ninth episode of the third season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe. The episode was co-written by Monica Owusu-Breen and Alison Schapker, and directed by Joe Chappelle. It followed a series of organ recipients being tracked down and having their donated organs removed, all in a scientist's attempt to resurrect his deceased love interest, whose organs were donated to the victims. Meanwhile, Olivia (Anna Torv) copes with the consequences of being back in the prime universe.

The episode first aired on December 9, 2010 in the United States to an estimated 4.74 million viewers. "Marionette" was the series' winter finale, as well as the last episode to air on Thursdays in the US. It received generally positive reviews. Many critics praised Torv's portrayal of Olivia after her recent trauma, as well as the aftereffects of Fauxlivia's deception, as realistic and well-acted.
Sandyford, Glasgow
Sandyford is an area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is north of the River Clyde and forms part of the western periphery of the city centre. Formerly the name of a ward under Glasgow Town Council in the first part of the 20th century, it is within a continuous area of fairly dense urban development bordering several other neighbourhoods whose mutual boundaries have blurred over time, and is possibly less well known than all of the places which adjoin it, particularly Anderston and Finnieston.

Finnieston
Finnieston is an area within the city of Glasgow, located in the central belt of Scotland, situated on the north bank of the River Clyde roughly between the city's West End and the city centre. The area is home to the SEC Centre and OVO Hydro, where many musical concerts, sporting events and conferences are held. It is also the location of Glasgow City Heliport,  the former home base of both the Police Scotland air support unit and the Scottish Ambulance Service "Helimed 5".

Finnieston borders the neighbourhoods of Anderston, Kelvingrove, Kelvinhaugh, Overnewton and Sandyford. Historically, it covered a primarily industrial area between the River Clyde and the main thoroughfare at Argyle Street, but in the 21st century the wider area has become a popular tourist destination marketed under the Finnieston name.
Bill Keato
William Keato (3 November 1918 – 8 October 2012) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership for Sydney' Western Suburbs from 1938 till 1950. A goal-kicking fullback he played over one hundred first grade games for the Magpies. He scored over 770 points to become Wests' all-time top point-scorer and goal-kicker. Roy Masters said of Keato, "A prodigious goalkicker, Keato booted what were called "flag waggers" from the sideline and halfway, often in the mud and against the wind, in the 1938-to-1950 era, when goals, rather than tries, decided games." He also said Keato, "won more matches for the Magpies than any other player."

Western Suburbs Magpies
The Western Suburbs Magpies (legal name: Western Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club Ltd) is an Australian rugby league football club based in the western suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. Formed in 1908, Wests, as the club is commonly referred to, was one of the nine foundation clubs of the first New South Wales Rugby League competition in Australia. The club, as a sole entity, departed the top-flight competition in 1999 after forming a 50–50 joint venture with Balmain Tigers to form the Wests Tigers. The club currently fields sides in the NSW State Cup (Canterbury Cup), Ron Massey Cup (Opens), S.G. Ball Cup (Under 19's) and Harold Matthews Cup (Under 17's) competitions.

Campbelltown Stadium, which has a capacity of 18,000, is the club's home stadium.
Lingnyu
Lingnyu or Lengnyu village is located in Panso circle of Tuensang district in Nagaland, India. It is situated 21km away from sub-district headquarter Panso (tehsildar office) and 70km away from district headquarter Tuensang. The language most widely spoken is Patsho Khiamniungan, that of the Patsho people there.

Patsho
Patsho, also spelled Pathso, is a village in the state of Nagaland within Northeast India. It is situated within the Indo-Burma region of Patkai range, towards the east of Mount Khülio-King. The town is considered one of the biggest villages in the Noklak district.
Capital Xtra
Capital XTRA (formerly Choice FM) is a British digital radio station owned and operated by Global. It broadcasts on 96.9 and 107.1 FM in Greater London, and nationally on DAB, Global Player and television platforms. It specialises in hip hop, grime and R&B music, and is a commercial competitor to BBC Radio 1Xtra.

As of September 2024, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 1.7 million listeners, according to RAJAR.

Global Media & Entertainment
Global Media & Entertainment Limited, trading as Global, is a British media company formed in 2007. It is the owner of the largest commercial radio company in Europe having expanded through a number of historical acquisitions, including Chrysalis Radio, GCap Media, and GMG Radio. Global owns and operates seven core radio brands, all employing a national network strategy, including Capital, Heart, Smooth, Radio X, Gold, Classic FM, and LBC.

Global is also one of the leading out-of-home advertising (OOH) companies in the UK.
William C. Skurla
William Charles Skurla (born June 1, 1956) is the Archeparch (or Archbishop) of the Archeparchy of Pittsburgh in the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. He is also, ex officio, the metropolitan bishop of the Metropolis of Pittsburgh whose geographic remit includes the entire United States and Canada. He succeeded Archbishop Basil Myron Schott. Skurla was appointed as metropolitan on 19 January 2012, by Pope Benedict XVI and enthroned at the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Munhall, Pennsylvania, on April 18, 2012.

Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh
The Archeparchy of Pittsburgh (Latin: Archieparchia Pittsburgensis Ritus Byzantini) is an archeparchy (or archdiocese) of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church that is located in the southern part of the United States of America. It is part of the Metropolis of Pittsburgh. The geographical remit of the archeparchy includes the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia. The incumbent archeparch is the Most Reverend William C. Skurla. The episcopal seat is situated in the city of Pittsburgh.
1965 Indian Everest Expedition
The 1965 Indian Everest Expedition reached the summit of Mount Everest on 20 May 1965. It was the first successful scaling of the mountain by an Indian climbing expedition.

After the first conquest of Mount Everest in 1953 by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, Indian military forces made several attempts to conquer the summit. The first expedition by the Indian Army, which was led by Brigadier Gyan Singh in 1960, failed. Climbers Colonel Narendra Kumar, Sonam Gyatso, and Sherpa Nawang Gombu reached 28,300 feet (8,600 m), just 700 feet (210 m) from the summit, but had to turn back due to extremely bad weather. The second expedition by the Indian Army, led by Major John Diaz in 1962, also failed. Captain Mohan Singh Kohli, Sonam Gyatso, and Hari Dang got to almost 400 feet (120 m) below the summit at 28,600 feet (8,700 m), but also had to give up due to bad weather.  Mohan Singh Kohli was a member of both these expeditions.

Mohan Singh Kohli
Captain Mohan Singh Kohli (11 December 1931 – 23 June 2025) was an Indian Navy officer and mountaineer, who led the 1965 Indian Everest Expedition, which saw nine men reach the summit of Everest, a world record which was unbroken for 13 years.
BRP Sierra Madre
BRP Sierra Madre (LT-57) is an LST-542-class tank landing ship that is an active duty commissioned vessel under the Philippine Navy.

Originally known as USS LST-821, it was renamed to USS Harnett County (LST-821/AGP-281),  built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was named for Harnett County, North Carolina and was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. She served the United States Navy in World War II and the Vietnam War. She was transferred to South Vietnam's Republic of Vietnam Navy, which named her RVNS My Tho (HQ-800).

After the Vietnam War, Harnett County was transferred to the Philippine Navy, which named her BRP Sierra Madre. In 1999, the Philippine government deliberately had her run aground on Ayungin Shoal in the Spratly Islands to serve as an outpost of the Philippine Marine Corps to affirm the Philippines' exclusive economic zone amid its dispute with China over the Spratly Islands, and she still serves such function as of 2025.

Second Thomas Shoal
Second Thomas Shoal, also known as Ayungin Shoal (Filipino: Buhanginan ng Ayungin, lit. 'sandbank of silver perch'), Bãi Cỏ Mây (Vietnamese) and Rén'ài Jiāo (Chinese: 仁爱礁/仁愛礁), is a submerged reef in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea, 105 nautical miles (194 km; 121 mi) west of Palawan, Philippines. It is a disputed territory and claimed by multiple nations.

The reef is occupied by a garrison of Philippine Navy personnel aboard a ship, the BRP Sierra Madre, that was intentionally grounded on the reef in 1999 and has been periodically replenished since then.