hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pan de muerto
Pan de muerto (Spanish for 'bread of the dead') is a type of pan dulce traditionally baked in Mexico and the Mexican diaspora during the weeks leading up to the Día de Muertos, which is celebrated from November 1 to November 2.

Pan dulce
Pan dulce, literally meaning "sweet bread", is the general name for a variety of Mexican pastries. They are inexpensive treats and are consumed at breakfast, merienda, or dinner. The pastries originated in Mexico  following the introduction of wheat during the Spanish conquest of the Americas and developed into many varieties thanks to French influences in the 19th century.
Idea Vilariño
Idea Vilariño Romani (Montevideo, 18 August 1920 – 28 April 2009) was a Uruguayan poet, essayist and literary critic.

She belonged to the group of intellectuals known as "Generación del 45". In this generation, there are several writers such as Juan Carlos Onetti, Mario Benedetti, Sarandy Cabrera, Carlos Martínez Moreno, Ángel Rama, Carlos Real de Azúa, Carlos Maggi, Alfredo Gravina, Mario Arregui, Amanda Berenguer, Humberto Megget, Emir Rodríguez Monegal, Gladys Castelvecchi and José Pedro Díaz among others.

She also worked as a translator, composer and lecturer.

Mario Benedetti
Mario Benedetti Farrugia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾjo βeneˈðeti] ⓘ; 14 September 1920 – 17 May 2009), was a Uruguayan journalist, novelist, and poet and an integral member of the Generación del 45. Despite publishing more than 80 books and being published in twenty languages, he was not well known in the English-speaking world. In the Spanish-speaking world, he is considered one of Latin America's most important writers of the latter half of the 20th century.
Kereta Api Indonesia
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (lit. 'Indonesian Railways (State-owned) Limited', KAI) is the main state-owned railway operator of Indonesia. KAI provides intercity passenger services directly, while its subsidiaries provide commuter rail services (KAI Commuter), airport link services (KAI Bandara), freight rail services (KAI Logistik), as well as infrastructure maintenance (KAI Services). KAI also operates in other sectors, such as properties management (KAI Properti) and tourism (KAI Wisata). KAI also has indirect control of Whoosh through its ownership of a majority of shares in PT Pilar Sinergi BUMN Indonesia (PSBI), another state-owned enterprise of Indonesia.

KAI operates on the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi, with a total of 6,945 kilometres (4,315 mi) of tracks. Also holds track-assets and planned services on Madura Island. In 2024, KAI carried 505 million passengers and 73.5 million tonnes of cargo, earning Rp 36.1 trillion in revenue.

KAI Commuter
PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (trading as KAI Commuter, abbreviated as KCI or KAIC) is a subsidiary of the Indonesian national railway company PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) which manages commuter rail services. Initially founded as an operator of Greater Jakarta commuter rail, the company is currently responsible for several commuter rail and local train systems in Indonesia.
Josepha Sophie, Princess of Liechtenstein
Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra (German: Landgräfin Josefa zu Fürstenberg-Weitra; 21 June 1776 – 23 February 1848)  was princess consort of Liechtenstein as wife of Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein. By virtue of her birth, she was member of the House of Fürstenberg. Around 1801 Beethoven made a dedication to Josepha, his Sonata No. 13 in E-flat Major, op.27, no. 1.

Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein
Johann I Joseph (Johann Baptist Josef Adam Johann Nepomuk Aloys Franz de Paula; 26 June 1760 – 20 April 1836) was Prince of Liechtenstein between 1805 and 1806 and again from 1814 until 1836. He was the last Liechtenstein prince to rule under the Holy Roman Empire between 1805 and 1806 and as regent of Liechtenstein from 1806 until 1814. He was the fourth son of Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein.
Ithonidae
Ithonidae, commonly called moth lacewings and giant lacewings, is a small family of winged insects of the insect order Neuroptera. The family contains a total of ten living genera, and over a dozen extinct genera described from fossils. The modern Ithonids have a notably disjunct distribution, while the extinct genera had a more global range. The family is considered one of the most primitive living neuropteran families. The family has been expanded twice, first to include the genus Rapisma, formerly placed in the monotypic family Rapismatidae, and then in 2010 to include the genera that had been placed into the family Polystoechotidae. Both Rapismatidae and Polystoechotidae have been shown to nest into Ithonidae sensu lato. The larvae of ithonids are grub-like, subterranean and likely phytophagous (plant feeding).

Neuroptera
The insect order Neuroptera, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron), meaning "nerve", and πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing", also known as net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera is grouped together with the Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia).

Adult neuropterans have four membranous wings, all about the same size, with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis.

Neuropterans first appeared during the Permian period, and continued to diversify through the Mesozoic era. During this time, several unusually large forms evolved, especially in the extinct family Kalligrammatidae, often called "the butterflies of the Jurassic" for their large, patterned wings.
Southern Cross (wordless novel)
Southern Cross is the sole wordless novel by Canadian artist Laurence Hyde (1914–1987). Published in 1951, its 118 wood-engraved images narrate the impact of atomic testing on Pacific islanders. Hyde made the book to express his anger at the US military's nuclear tests in the Bikini Atoll.

The wordless novel genre had flourished primarily during the 1920s and 1930s, but by the 1940s even the most prolific practitioners had abandoned it. Hyde was familiar with some such works by Lynd Ward, Otto Nückel, and the form's pioneer Frans Masereel. The high-contrast artwork of Southern Cross features dynamic curving lines uncommon in wood engraving and combines abstract imagery with realistic detail. It has gained appreciation in comics circles as a precursor to the Canadian graphic novel, though it had no direct influence.

Laurence Hyde (artist)
Laurence Evelyn Hyde (6 June 1914 – 8 August 1987) was an English-born Canadian film maker, painter, and graphic artist, known for his work with the National Film Board of Canada, stamp designs for the Canadian Postal Service, and the wordless novel Southern Cross (1951).
Hohenheim
Hohenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːənhaɪm]) is one of 18 outer quarters of the city of Stuttgart in the borough of Plieningen that sits on the Filder in central Baden-Württemberg. It was founded in 1782.

Plieningen
Plieningen (German pronunciation: [ˈpliːnɪŋən]) is the southernmost borough (Stadtbezirk) of Stuttgart in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Plieningen is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the city center of Stuttgart on the  Filder Plain. Schloss Hohenheim, part of the Stuttgart Airport, and the parking garage for the Stuttgart Trade Fair are located here.
Diocese of Laval
The Diocese of Laval (Latin: Dioecesis Valleguidonensis; French: Diocèse de Laval) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The episcopal see is Laval Cathedral in the city of Laval.  Created in June 1855, the diocese was originally erected from the Diocese of Le Mans, and corresponds to the department of Mayenne. Under the Ancien Régime the diocese of Mans had an Archdeacon of Laval, whose responsibilities extended over the deaneries of Ernée, Évrun, Laval and Mayenne. The diocese is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Rennes. The current bishop is Matthieu Dupont, appointed in 2024.

In 2023, in the Diocese of Laval there was one priest for every 2,729 Catholics.

Diocese of Le Mans
The Diocese of Le Mans (Latin: Dioecesis Cenomanensis; French: Diocèse du Mans) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The diocese is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo, but had previously been suffragan to Bourges, Paris, Sens, and Tours (in ascending order).

In 2021, in the Diocese of Tulle there was one priest for every 4,705.
Whispering Corridors
Whispering Corridors (Korean: 여고괴담; RR: Yeogogoedam) is a 1998 South Korean supernatural horror film directed and co-written by Park Ki-hyung. It was part of the explosion in South Korean cinema following the liberalization of censorship in the aftermath of the end of the country's military dictatorship. The film makes a social commentary on authoritarianism and conformity in the harsh South Korean education system.

This film is the first installment of the Whispering Corridors film series, and was followed by five sequels (Memento Mori, Wishing Stairs, Voice, A Blood Pledge and The Humming), though none of the sequels share a continuing plot or characters with each other.

Memento Mori (film)
Memento Mori (Korean: 여고괴담 두번째 이야기; also known as Whispering Corridors 2: Memento Mori) is a 1999 South Korean horror film, and the second installment of the Whispering Corridors film series. It is a sequel to 1998's Whispering Corridors, and is also set in an all-girls high school, but the films are otherwise unrelated. Memento Mori was one of the first Korean commercial films to depict lesbian characters. However, prevailing Korean attitudes constrained its potential to be widely viewed, even more so as the controversial themes targeted the teen demographic.
Fantome Island
Fantome Island is one of the islands in the Palm Island group. It is neighboured by Great Palm Island and is 65 km (40 mi) north-east of Townsville, Queensland on the east coast of Australia. The island is small with an area of 7.8 km2 (3.01 sq mi) and is surrounded by a fringing reef. The Djabugay (Aboriginal) name for this island is Eumilli Island.

The island is known for its 1928 lock hospital (for those with venereal disease) and 1939 leprosarium, known as the lazaret. Both are now heritage-listed on the Queensland Heritage Register, as Fantome Island Lock Hospital and Lazaret Sites. The island is no longer inhabited.

Along with nine of the other islands within the Palm Islands group, it falls under the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island.

Fantome Island Lock Hospital and Lazaret Sites
Fantome Island Lock Hospital and Lazaret Sites is a heritage-listed former leper colony at Fantome Island, one of the Palm Island group in the Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1926 to 1945 by Queensland Government. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 8 June 2012.
Asim Dasgupta
Dr. Asim Kumar Dasgupta (born 30 October 1945) is an Indian economist and politician. He served as minister of finance and excise in the Left Front ministry in the Indian state of West Bengal. He was the MLA of Khardaha constituency for twenty-four years until 13 May 2011, when he was defeated by FICCI secretary general Amit Mitra by a landslide 26,154 votes in the 2011 Assembly Election of West Bengal. He was one of the 26 ministers who lost his seat in the historic defeat of Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left Front government.

Amit Mitra
Amit Mitra is an Indian economist and politician  and the current Special Advisor to Chief Minister of West Bengal on Finance. Previously he was the Finance, Commerce & Industries Minister of the government of Indian state of West Bengal. He was the incumbent MLA in the West Bengal state assembly from the Khardaha state assembly constituency. Cited as a giant killer in the 2011 West Bengal state assembly election defeating Asim Dasgupta, the former West Bengal  Finance Minister. Mitra previously served as the Secretary general of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).
Nikolas Papadopoulos
Nikolas Papadopoulos (Greek: Νικόλας Παπαδόπουλος; born 22 April 1973) is a Greek Cypriot lawyer and politician. He has been Member of Parliament for Nicosia since 2006 and leader of centrist DIKO party since 2013. Papadopoulos chairs the parliamentary committee on Finance and Budget. He is the son of President Tassos Papadopoulos.

Tassos Papadopoulos
Efstathios "Tassos" Nikolaou Papadopoulos (Greek: Ευστάθιος (Τάσσος) Νικολάου Παπαδόπουλος; 7 January 1934 – 12 December 2008) was a Cypriot politician and barrister, who served as President of Cyprus from 2003 to 2008.

An experienced member of the Makarios III’s cabinet, Papadopoulos took charge of the country’s parliament in 1976, two years after the Turkish invasion, and became one the island’s most notable proponents of a hardline position on Cypriot reunification. It was this sentiment that he successfully employed as a candidate in the 2003 presidential election, after which he directed the population to reject the Annan Plan. However, his inability to negotiate an alternative contributed to his failure to win re-election in 2008, despite generally maintaining high approval ratings during his presidency.
Loess
Loess (US: /ˈlɛs, ˈlʌs, ˈloʊ.əs/, UK: /ˈloʊ.əs, ˈlɜːs/; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Ten percent of Earth's land area is covered by loesses or similar deposits.

Loess is a periglacial or aeolian (windborne) sediment, defined as an accumulation of 20% or less of clay with a balance of roughly equal parts sand and silt (with a typical grain size from 20 to 50 micrometers), often loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. Usually, they are homogeneous and highly porous and have vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs.

Aeolian processes
Aeolian processes, also spelled eoulian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets).  Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials. They are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation, a lack of soil moisture and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. Although water is a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are important in arid environments such as deserts.

The term is derived from the name of the Greek god Aeolus, the keeper of the winds.
Baháʼí World Centre
The Baháʼí World Centre is the name given to the spiritual and administrative centre of the Baháʼí Faith, representing sites in or near the cities of Acre and Haifa, Israel.

Much of the international governance and coordination of the Baháʼí Faith occurs at the Baháʼí World Centre, including global teaching plans and study and translation of the Baháʼí holy writings. The Universal House of Justice, representing the supreme governing body of the Baháʼí Faith, resides in Haifa. The Baháʼí World Centre is also a major destination for religious tourism, and the current destination for Baháʼí pilgrimage, attracting annually about one million visitors.

The Baháʼí World Centre was established at this  location due to  Baháʼu'lláh's  imprisonment in Acre in 1868.

The Baháʼí terraces and the Shrine of the Báb on the northern slope of Mount Carmel were added to the World Heritage List in July 2008.

Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel (Hebrew: הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, romanized: Har haKarmel; Arabic: جبل الكرمل, romanized: Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias (Arabic: جبل مار إلياس, romanized: Jabal Mār Ilyās, lit. 'Mount Saint Elias/Elijah'; Hebrew: הַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ אֵלִיָּהוּ, romanized: Har haQadosh Eliyahu), is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast. The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A number of towns are situated there, most notably Haifa, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern and western slopes.
Midge Klump
Midge Klump is a fictional character appearing in Archie Comics. She frequently appears as the girlfriend of Moose Mason and the unrequited crush of Reggie Mantle. The live-action version of Midge was portrayed by Emilija Baranac in the television take on Archie Comics produced by The CW, Riverdale.

Reggie Mantle
Reginald "Reggie" Mantle is a fictional teenager in stories published by Archie Comics; he is introduced by writer-artist Bob Montana and John L. Goldwater in Jackpot Comics #5 (cover-dated Spring 1942). He also appears in CW's Riverdale. He is the frenemy of Archie Andrews, as well as the bassist of The Archies. The live-action version of Reggie is portrayed by Ross Butler and Charles Melton in Riverdale and Vedang Raina in The Archies.
Team Lioness
Team Lioness were female United States Marines attached to combat units in Iraq and Afghanistan. They were deployed to conduct searches of local women during house raids and checkpoint operations, tasks that male soldiers could not perform due to cultural restrictions in conservative Islamic societies. As early precursors to the formal Female Engagement Teams (FETs), Lioness members engaged with Iraqi and Afghan women to gather critical intelligence, build rapport, and disseminate information, roles that enhanced the military’s counterinsurgency efforts by leveraging gendered access to civilian populations.

Female Engagement Team
Female Engagement Teams (FETs) are groups of female military personnel around the world which undertake specialized gender-suited tasks. FETs' tasks are as varied as American FETs interacting with local Afghan women in Afghanistan; Ghana Battalion FETs taking part in gathering intelligence during peacekeeping operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo; New Zealand Defence Force FETs supporting Special Operations Force objectives, the primary role being to "engage with local women and adolescents [...] in situations where it would be culturally unacceptable to involve male SOF operators", and the Jordanian Armed Forces FETs helping to conduct physical searches of women along the borders. However FETs also have had their fair share of limited success and problems in certain operations, with service personnel unable to interact successfully with the required population, lack of translators, too short a time frame or commanders refusing to take up FET missions.
Thiratoscirtus minimus
Thiratoscirtus minimus is a species of jumping spider in the genus Thiratoscirtus that lives in Kenya. The species was first described in 2016 by Angelika Dawidowicz and Wanda Wesołowska. It is a medium-sized spider, with a cephalothorax] and an abdomen both typically 1.7 mm in length, although radically different in shape. The spider's carapace is oval and generally brown while its abdomen a narrower greyish-brown ovoid. The area around its eyes is black. It has yellow legs that are marked with grey rings and have multiple spines. The male has pedipalps that are similar to the related Thiratoscirtus gambari but has a smaller palpal tibia, which is recalled in the species name, which means "tiny".

Thiratoscirtus
Thiratoscirtus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first circumscribed by Eugène Louis Simon in 1886. Thiratoscirtus is very diverse and contains many monophyletic groups. Phylogenetic analysis undertaken by Melissa Bonder and Wayne Maddison has shown that it is related to the genera Alfenus, Bacelarella, Longarenus and Malloneta. The genus is also closely related to Nimbarus. It is likely to have diverged between 16.3 and 18.7 million years ago. In 2012, Bodner and Wayne Maddison proposed a subfamily Thiratoscirtinae for the genus and its related genera. This overlapped with a group of genera named Thiratoscirtines after the genus, created by Jerzy Prószyński in 2017. Thiratoscirtus is a member of the subtribe Thiratoscirtina in the tribe Aelurillini. In 2015, Maddison listed the tribe to the subclade Simonida in the clade Saltafresia in the clade Salticoida.
Yaneer Bar-Yam
Yaneer Bar-Yam (born 1959) is an American scientist and activist specializing in complex systems. An expert in the quantitative analysis of pandemics, he advised policy makers on the Western African Ebola virus epidemic and founded EndCoronavirus.org, a global network of several volunteers formed in February 2020 to provide information, guidelines, and policy advocacy to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. He is the founding president of the New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI), an independent research institution that studies complex systems science and its real-world applications.

New England Complex Systems Institute
The New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) is an independent American research institution and think tank dedicated to advancing analytics and its application to the challenges of society, and the interaction of complex systems with the environment. NECSI offers educational programs, conducts research, and hosts the International Conference on Complex Systems. It was founded in 1996 and is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Brett Anderson
Brett Lewis Anderson (born 29 September 1967) is an English singer best known as the lead singer-songwriter and primary lyricist of the rock band Suede. After Suede disbanded in 2003, he fronted the Tears with former Suede guitarist Bernard Butler in 2004–2006, and released four solo albums on which he also played guitar and keyboards. Suede re-formed in 2010; they continue to record and tour. He is noted for his distinctive wide-ranging voice, poetic lyrics, charismatic stage presence and in Suede's early years, an androgynous appearance.

Bernard Butler
Bernard Joseph Butler (born 1 May 1970) is an English musician, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for being the guitarist for the band Suede from 1989 to 1994, appearing on the albums Suede (1993) and Dog Man Star (1994). He would leave the band midway through the recording of the latter.

Butler has been hailed by some critics as the greatest guitarist of his generation; BBC journalist Mark Savage called him "one of Britain's most original and influential guitarists". He was voted the 24th greatest guitarist of the last 30 years in a national 2010 BBC poll and is often seen performing with a 1961 cherry red Gibson ES-355 TD SV (Stereo Varitone) with a Bigsby vibrato tailpiece.
Radical of an algebraic group
The radical of an algebraic group is the identity component of its maximal normal solvable subgroup.
For example, the radical of the general linear group  (for a field K) is the subgroup consisting of scalar matrices, i.e. matrices  with  and  for .

An algebraic group is called semisimple if its radical is trivial, i.e., consists of the identity element only. The group  is semi-simple, for example.

The subgroup of unipotent elements in the radical is called the unipotent radical, it serves to define reductive groups.

Unipotent
In mathematics, a unipotent element r of a ring R is one such that r − 1 is a nilpotent element; in other words, (r − 1)n is zero for some n.

In particular, a square matrix M is a unipotent matrix if and only if its characteristic polynomial P(t) is a power of t − 1. Thus all the eigenvalues of a unipotent matrix are 1.

The term quasi-unipotent means that some power is unipotent, for example for a diagonalizable matrix with eigenvalues that are all roots of unity.

In the theory of algebraic groups, a group element is unipotent if it acts unipotently in a certain natural group representation.   A unipotent affine algebraic group is then a group with all elements unipotent.