hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christianity in late antiquity
Christianity in late antiquity traces Christianity during the Christian Roman Empire — the period from the rise of Christianity under Emperor Constantine (c. 313), until the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476). The end-date of this period varies because the transition to the sub-Roman period occurred gradually and at different times in different areas. One may generally date late ancient Christianity as lasting to the late 6th century and the re-conquests under Justinian (reigned 527–565) of the Byzantine Empire, though a more traditional end-date is 476, the year in which Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustus, traditionally considered the last western emperor.

Christianity began to spread initially from Roman Judaea without state support or endorsement. It became the state religion of Armenia in either 301 or 314, of Ethiopia in 325, and of Georgia in 337. With the Edict of Thessalonica it became the state religion of the Roman Empire in 380.

Edict of Thessalonica
The Edict of Thessalonica (Greek: Διάταγμα της Θεσσαλονίκης), issued on 27 February AD 380 by Theodosius I, made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. It condemned other Christian creeds such as Arianism as heresies of "foolish madmen", and authorized their punishment.

This edict, addressed to the inhabitants of Constantinople whom Theodosius wished to pacify in order to make the city his imperial residence, constitutes the first known secular law which includes in its preamble a clear definition of what a Christian Roman ruler considers as religious orthodoxy, opening the way of repression against dissidents qualified as "heretics". The Edict of Thessalonica was subsequently incorporated into Book XVI of the Theodosian Code and was the milestone of the official Christianization of the Roman Empire.
Austin Mitchell
Austin Vernon Mitchell ONZM (19 September 1934 – 18 August 2021) was a British academic, journalist and Labour Party politician who was the member of Parliament (MP) for Great Grimsby from a 1977 by-election to 2015. He was also the chair of the Labour Euro-Safeguards Campaign. Before becoming an MP in the United Kingdom, Austin Mitchell was a well known television broadcaster in New Zealand.

1977 Great Grimsby by-election
The 1977 by-election for the Great Grimsby took place on 28 April 1977.

It was caused by the death in February of Anthony Crosland, and was retained for Labour by Austin Mitchell.

It took place on the same day as the Labour defeat in Ashfield. The result in Grimsby and Ashfield were seen as a surprise as they were the opposite of what had been expected. Grimsby had been expected to fall to the Conservatives, while Labour had expected to hold Ashfield, which they had held by a much larger majority. In the event while there was a swing of 20.9% to the Conservatives in Ashfield, which was just enough to win the seat, the Labour to Conservative swing in Grimsby was only 7% and Mitchell managed to poll more votes than Crosland had at the last election. The Liberal Party lost its deposit in both Grimsby and Ashfield, the third time this had happened at a by-election following the 1977 Lib-Lab Pact.

At the next election, in 1979, Mitchell increased his majority to 6,241 votes.
Elite Model Management
Elite Model Management (MM) is a French modeling agency that originated in Paris in 1972. Elite MM is a subsidiary of Elite World S.A., whose main shareholder Silvio Scaglia controls his stake through Elite World Group (EWG), a management company where Elite MM is one of brands along with The Society Management, Women Management, Supreme Management, Elite Model Look, and Women 360. In 2004, the agencies in New York City, Miami, Los Angeles, and Toronto separated and formed Elite Model Management North America. Although Elite Model Management North America and Elite World Group share the same logo, they have separate ownership and are not part of a business network.

Women Management
Women Management is a prominent modeling agency with its headquarters in New York. It is a part of the Women International Agency Chain, which was established by Paul Rowland in the year 1988. In addition to its New York location, Women Management operates offices in Paris, Los Angeles, and Milan.
Julius Nieuwland
Julius Aloysius Arthur Nieuwland, CSC, (14 February 1878 – 11 June 1936) was a Belgian-born Holy Cross priest and professor of chemistry and botany at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. He is known for his contributions to acetylene research and its use as the basis for one type of synthetic rubber, which eventually led to the invention of neoprene by DuPont.

Congregation of Holy Cross
The Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce), abbreviated CSC, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men founded in Le Mans, France, in 1837 by Basil Moreau.

Moreau also founded the Marianites of Holy Cross for women, now divided into three independent congregations of sisters: the Marianites of Holy Cross (Le Mans, France), the Sisters of the Holy Cross (Notre Dame, Indiana), and the Sisters of Holy Cross (Montreal, Quebec, Canada).
Cruelty Free International
Cruelty Free International is a British animal rights and advocacy group that campaigns for the abolition of all animal testing. It organises certification of cruelty-free products which are marked with the symbol of a leaping bunny.

It was founded in 1898 by Irish writer and suffragette Frances Power Cobbe as the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. In 2012, the BUAV joined with the New England Anti-Vivisection Society to establish a new international organisation to campaign against the testing of cosmetics on animals—Cruelty Free International. This was launched by BUAV supporter Ricky Gervais. In 2015, the parent organisation merged into this new organization, taking its name and branding for all its activities.

Testing cosmetics on animals
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Cosmetic testing on animals is a type of animal testing used to test the safety and hypoallergenic properties of cosmetic products for use by humans.

Since this type of animal testing is often harmful to the animal subjects, it is opposed by animal rights activists and others. Cosmetic animal testing is banned in many parts of the world, including Colombia, the European Union, the United Kingdom, India, and Norway.

Cosmetics that have been produced without any testing on animals are sometimes known as "cruelty-free cosmetics". Some popular cruelty-free beauty brands include E.L.F., Charlotte Tilbury, Farsali, Fenty Beauty, Fenty Skin, Glow Recipe and others. The website "Cruelty-Free Kitty" was created to assess which brands are cruelty-free. Furthermore, some brands have participated in animal testing in the past, however, if they currently do not test on animals, these cosmetics are considered "cruelty-free".
Martlesham
Martlesham is a village in Suffolk, England about two miles (3 km) south-west of Woodbridge and 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Ipswich.  It is often referred to as "old Martlesham" by locals in order to distinguish this old village from the much more recent Martlesham Heath development (1 km) to the south, although both form a single administrative parish. Also at Martlesham Heath is BT's Research and Development Centre, now called Adastral Park.

Martlesham was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Merlesham.
The history and meaning of the name are studied in a paper by Briggs.
It probably means 'settlement (hām) near the mooring-place (mǣrels)'.

Martlesham Heath
Martlesham Heath is a village in the civil parish of Martlesham, in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is 6 miles (10 km) east of Ipswich, This was an ancient area of heathland and latterly the site of Martlesham Heath Airfield. A "new village" was established there in the mid-1970s and this has developed into a modern community, based on a traditional village pattern. In 2021 it had a population of 2731. The village is also part of the wider Ipswich Built-up area.
AN Tasrail
AN Tasrail was an Australian railway company that operated the Tasmanian rail network from March 1978 until November 2004. Originally a subsidiary of the federal government-owned Australian National, it was sold to Australian Transport Network (ATN) in November 1997. ATN was acquired by Pacific National in 2004 and the AN Tasrail subsidiary was later acquired by the Tasmanian Government in 2009 to become TasRail.

TasRail
TasRail (officially Tasmanian Railway Pty Limited) is a statutory corporation of the Tasmanian Government that has owned and operated Tasmania’s mainline railways since September 2009. It operates freight services only, as passenger trains in Tasmania ceased running in July 1978.
Decipher, Inc.
Decipher, Inc. is an American gaming company headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, US. The company began with three puzzles marketed as "Decipher," subsequently marketing party games and Pente sets.  After 1994, Decipher produced collectible card and role-playing games — including their longest-running product, How to Host a Murder Mystery series. Other popular works have included many different card games. Since 2002, Decipher has released two licensed role-playing games: Star Trek RPG and The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game.

Star Trek Roleplaying Game (Decipher)
Star Trek Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game (RPG) set in the Star Trek universe using the CODA System rules and first published by Decipher, Inc. in 2002. When Decipher acquired the rights to create the RPG, they also acquired most of the gaming studio from Last Unicorn Games.  However, the Decipher game system is dissimilar to the one that Last Unicorn published. Instead, the system is similar to Wizards of the Coast's d20 System but uses 2D6 to resolve actions.
Zoot Money
George Bruno "Zoot" Money (17 July 1942 – 8 September 2024) was an English vocalist, keyboardist and bandleader. He was best known for playing the Hammond organ and for his leadership of the Big Roll Band. Inspired by Jerry Lee Lewis and Ray Charles, Money was drawn to rock and roll music and became involved in the music scenes of Bournemouth and Soho during the 1960s. He took his stage name "Zoot" from Zoot Sims after seeing him perform in concert.

Money was associated with the Animals, Eric Burdon, Peter Green, Steve Marriott, Kevin Coyne, Kevin Ayers, Humble Pie, Steve Ellis, Alexis Korner, Snowy White, Mick Taylor, Spencer Davis, Vivian Stanshall, Geno Washington, Brian Friel, Hard Travelers, Widowmaker, Georgie Fame and Alan Price. He also became a bit part and character actor in films and TV. and was Musical Director for the 1987 BBC Scotland drama series Tutti Frutti.

Alexis Korner
Alexis Andrew Nicholas Koerner (19 April 1928 – 1 January 1984), known professionally as Alexis Korner, was a British blues musician and radio broadcaster, who has sometimes been referred to as "a founding father of British blues". A major influence on the sound of the British music scene in the 1960s, he was instrumental in the formation of several notable British bands including the Rolling Stones and Free. Korner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the musical influence category in 2024.
The Scarlet Pimpernel (1982 film)
The Scarlet Pimpernel is a 1982 British romantic adventure television film set during the French Revolution. It is based on the novels The Scarlet Pimpernel (1905) and Eldorado (1913) by Baroness Emmuska Orczy, and stars Anthony Andrews as Sir Percy Blakeney/the Scarlet Pimpernel, the protagonist, Jane Seymour as Marguerite St. Just, the love interest, and Ian McKellen as Chauvelin, the antagonist.

In 1792 during the Reign of Terror, the Scarlet Pimpernel rescues French aristocrats while posing as the wealthy but foppish and seemingly empty-headed Sir Percival Blakeney. Percy marries the beautiful French actress Marguerite St. Just, but her previous relationship with Robespierre's agent Paul Chauvelin may endanger the Pimpernel's plans to save the young Dauphin, eldest son of the former King of France. The story differs from the books, but is largely inspired by them.

Louis XVII
Louis XVII (born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a month before the start of the French Revolution. At his brother's death he became the new Dauphin (heir apparent to the throne), a title he held until 1791, when the new constitution accorded the heir apparent the title of Prince Royal.

When his father was executed on 21 January 1793, during the middle period of the French Revolution, he automatically succeeded as King of France, Louis XVII, in the eyes of the royalists. France was by then a republic, and since Louis-Charles was imprisoned and died in captivity in June 1795, he never actually ruled. Nevertheless, in 1814 after the Bourbon Restoration, his uncle acceded to the throne and was proclaimed his successor, as Louis XVIII.
Sir Bevil Grenville's Monument
Sir Bevil Grenville's Monument is a monument erected in 1720 on Lansdown Hill, then called Lansdowne Hill, in Charlcombe parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of the city of Bath, in Somerset, England. It was designated a Grade II* listed structure in 1956, and a scheduled monument in 1950.

The monument commemorates the heroism of the Civil War Royalist commander Sir Bevil Grenville (1596–1643) of Stowe, Kilkhampton in Cornwall and Bideford in Devon, who on 5 July 1643 fell mortally wounded at the Battle of Lansdowne, leading his regiment of Cornish pikemen. It was erected by Grenville's grandson and has been maintained by his descendants. This has included the repair of inscriptions carved on the base of the monument, eulogising Grenville and his forces.

Battle of Lansdowne
51°25′53″N 2°24′04″W﻿ / ﻿51.4313°N 2.4010°W﻿ / 51.4313; -2.4010

The First English Civil War battle of Lansdowne, or Lansdown, was fought on 5 July 1643, at Lansdowne Hill, near Bath, Somerset, England. Although the Royalists under Lord Hopton forced the Parliamentarians under Sir William Waller to retreat from their hilltop position, they suffered so many casualties themselves and were left so disordered and short of ammunition that an injured Hopton was forced to retire.
Dendroctonus rufipennis
Dendroctonus rufipennis, the great spruce bark beetle, is a species of bark beetle native to British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Northern Manitoba, the Yukon, Alaska, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and Maine. They can seriously damage forests of spruce trees including Engelmann, White, Sitka, and Colorado blue spruce. Adults average 4 to 7 mm in length.

Picea engelmannii
Picea engelmannii, with the common names Engelmann spruce, mountain spruce, and silver spruce, is a species of spruce native to western North America. It is highly prized for producing distinctive tone wood for acoustic guitars and other instruments, it is mostly a high-elevation mountain tree but also appears in watered canyons.
Santana Garrett
Santana Garrett (born May 22, 1988) is an American professional wrestler, valet and model. She is currently signed to Women of Wrestling (WOW). During her career, Garrett has wrestled in many independent promotions across the world. She is best known for her time in Impact Wrestling under the ring name Brittany, and is also known for her time in WWE, where she performed on NXT under her real name, and was a coach at the WWE Performance Center. She has won many titles, such as the Shine Championship, the Shine Tag Team Championship and the Wonder of Stardom Championship.

Jessie Belle Smothers
Jessie Belle McCoy (born July 2, 1985), better known by her ring name Jessie Belle Smothers or simply Jessie Belle, is an American model, professional wrestling valet, and professional wrestler. She is signed to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW).
Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust
The Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust is responsible for managing Birmingham Women's Hospital and Birmingham Children's Hospital. It was created by a merger of Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust with Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in February 2017.

Sarah-Jane Marsh,  formerly Chief Executive of Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, was appointed Chief Executive. She had been managing both trusts and oversaw the merger.

Birmingham Children's Hospital
Birmingham Children's Hospital is a specialist children's hospital located in Birmingham, England. The hospital provides a range of specialist services and operates the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) for the city. The service operates as part of Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust.
Simen Ådnøy Ellingsen
Simen Andreas Ådnøy Ellingsen (born 14 May 1981) is a Norwegian engineering physicist specializing in fluid mechanics, especially waves, turbulence, and quantum mechanics. He is a full professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, at the Department of Energy and Process Engineering. He is known for having expanded Lord Kelvin's work known as Kelvinangle. He received the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters Prize for Young Researchers in the Natural Sciences in 2011 and became a member of the Young Academy of Norway in 2019. He received a European Research Council Consolidator Grant in 2022.

He plays several instruments and has published music with the band Shamblemaths.

Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists.

The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
Io sono nato libero
Io sono nato libero (translated from Italian to "I Was Born Free") is the third studio album by Italian progressive rock band Banco del Mutuo Soccorso. "Non mi rompete" and "La città sottile" were released as singles in 1973. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked the album number 35 on their list of the "50 Greatest Prog Rock Albums of All Time".

Original issues were die cut.

Banco del Mutuo Soccorso
Banco del Mutuo Soccorso (English: Bank of Mutual Relief)  is an Italian rock band. A popular progressive rock band in the 1970s, they continued making music in the 1980s and 1990s. They were still active, playing live in 2001 and 2008 at NEARfest. Their charismatic frontman, Francesco Di Giacomo, died in 2014.
Rusty Brooks
Kurt Koski (February 7, 1958 – February 11, 2021) was an American professional wrestler, known by his ring name Rusty Brooks. He competed in several North American independent promotions, including International World Class Championship Wrestling (IWCCW), Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). He also appeared in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) during the mid-1980s as a preliminary wrestler.

Gangrel
David William Heath (born February 16, 1969) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1998 to 2001 and intermittently throughout the mid-2000s under the ring name Gangrel. He has also made appearances for All Elite Wrestling (AEW), and currently performs on the independent circuit.
Glen Mona
Glen Mona (Manx: Glion Shuin) is a small settlement in the parish of Maughold in the northeast of the Isle of Man. It is situated along the A2 and separated from Dhoon to the south by Barony Hill. Glen Mona Ford is a tributary of the Cornaa to the east.

Maughold (parish)
Maughold (/ˈmækəld/ MAK-əld; Manx: Maghal) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man. It is named for St Maughold, the island's patron saint.

It is located on the east of the island (part of the traditional South Side division) in the sheading of Garff. Administratively, part of the historic parish of Maughold is now within Ramsey town. The settlement of Ballure borders Ramsey. Maughold village and Glen Mona are other settlements in the parish.
Sergio Lozano (futsal player)
Sergio Lozano Martínez (born 9 November 1988), commonly known as Sergio Lozano, is a Spanish futsal player who plays for Barcelona as an Ala. In 2020 he was awarded a spot in the 2020 FutsalFeed's Best Team of the Year Award.

FutsalFeed Best Team Awards
FutsalFeed's Team of the Year Award is an award annually given by FutsalFeed through a poll in which fans from all over the world vote for the nominated candidates which were carefully selected by world-renowned futsal experts and FutsalFeed's editorial board. This is the only award in futsal awarded directly by fans.
Aldo Guidolin
Aldo Reno Guidolin (June 6, 1932 – November 8, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and coach. He played in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers between 1952 and 1956. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1952 to 1969, was mainly spent in the American Hockey League. After his playing career, Guidolin became a coach, and was the head coach of the NHL's Colorado Rockies during the 1978–79 season.

Colorado Rockies (NHL)
The Colorado Rockies were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) that played in Denver from 1976 to 1982. They were founded as the Kansas City Scouts, an expansion team that began play in the NHL in the 1974–75 season. The Scouts moved from Kansas City, Missouri, to Denver for the 1976–77 season. After six seasons in Denver, the franchise moved to East Rutherford, New Jersey, for the 1982–83 season and was renamed the New Jersey Devils. Denver went without an NHL team until the Quebec Nordiques relocated to become the Colorado Avalanche following the 1994–95 season. The Colorado Rockies, a Major League Baseball (MLB) team also based in Denver that began play in 1993, took its name from the NHL franchise.
Awigna, California
Awigna (also, Awiz-na) is a former Tongva-Gabrieleño Native American settlement located at the site of modern-day La Puente High School, in the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County, California.

The settlement was one of twenty seven villages included in the records of Mission San Gabriel, indicating that villagers from Awigna were baptized there after its establishment in the Los Angeles Basin in 1776. Awigna was described as "one of the principal rancherias to supply it [the mission] with neophytes."

In 1915, La Puente High School was built on the village site. During the construction process, many artifacts from the village were unearthed and were reportedly put on display at the school for many years. In 2004, it was reported that the whereabouts of these artifacts were unknown.

La Puente High School
La Puente High School is a public high school in La Puente, California, located in the San Gabriel Valley, serving grades 9–12. It was established in 1915. It is one of six high schools (including two alternative schools) in the Hacienda La Puente Unified School District.  It is a California Distinguished School and about 80% of seniors graduate every year.

The school has a number of small learning communities known as "academies," including the University Academy, Law Enforcement Academy, Business Academy, Multimedia Academy, Science and Engineering Academy, and Performing Arts Academy. The Law Enforcement Academy works in partnership with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department to educate students interested in a career in public service.

La Puente High School currently has 1425 students and 63 teachers.