hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turkish Airlines Flight 981
Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a scheduled flight from Istanbul Yeşilköy Airport to London Heathrow Airport, with an intermediate stop at Orly Airport in Paris. On 3 March 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, about 40 kilometres (25 mi; 22 nmi) outside Paris, killing all 335 passengers and 11 crew. The crash was also known as the Ermenonville air disaster.

Flight 981 was the deadliest accident in aviation history until 27 March 1977, when 583 people died in the Tenerife airport disaster of two 747 jets. It remains the deadliest single-aircraft accident without survivors, the deadliest accident involving the McDonnell Douglas DC-10, the deadliest accident in the history of Turkish Airlines, and the deadliest aviation accident to occur in France.

Orly Airport
Paris Orly Airport (French: Aéroport de Paris-Orly, pronounced [aeʁɔpɔʁ də paʁi ɔʁli]) (IATA: ORY, ICAO: LFPO) is one of two international airports serving Paris, France, the other one being Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG). It is located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi, 13 kilometres (8 mi; 7 nmi) south of Paris. It serves as a secondary hub for domestic and overseas territories flights of Air France and as the homebase for Transavia France. Flights operate to destinations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Caribbean, South America, and North America.

Before the opening of CDG in 1974, Orly was the main airport of Paris. Even with the shift of most international traffic to CDG, Orly remains the busiest French airport for domestic traffic and the second busiest French airport overall in passenger traffic, with 33,123,027 passengers in 2024.
Hans Pietsch (mathematician)
Hans Karl Georg Heinrich Pietsch (22 November 1907 – 14 October 1967) was a German mathematician who was most notable for being a director of the Mathematical Referat of the Wehrmacht signals intelligence agency, the General der Nachrichtenaufklärung during World War II.

General der Nachrichtenaufklärung
General der Nachrichtenaufklärung (transl. General of Intelligence) was the signals intelligence agency of the Heer (German Army), before and during World War II. It was the successor to the former cipher bureau known as Inspectorate 7/VI in operation between 1940 and 1942, when it was further reorganised into the Headquarters for Signal Intelligence (German: Leitstelle der Nachrichtenaufklärung) (abbr. LNA) between 1942 and 1944, until it was finally reorganised in October 1944 into the GdNA. The agency was also known at the OKH/Gend Na, GendNa or Inspectorate 7 or more commonly OKH/GdNA. Inspectorate 7/VI was also known as In 7 or In/7 or In 7/VI and also OKH/Chi.
Russian National People's Army
The Russian National People's Army (German: Russische Nationale Volksarmee, Russian: Русская национальная народная армия, romanized: Russkaya natsional'naya narodnaya armiya), abbreviated RNNA, was a Nazi German collaborationist military unit during World War II, led primarily by Russian émigrés with ties to American-based Russian fascist Anastasy Vonsiatsky.

Anastasy Vonsiatsky
Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsiatsky (Russian: Анаста́сий Андре́евич Вонся́цкий, Polish: Anastazy Wąsiacki; June 12, 1898 – February 5, 1965), better known in the United States as Anastase Andreivitch Vonsiatsky, was a Russian anti-Bolshevik émigré and fascist leader based in the United States from the 1920s. He was the founder of the All-Russian Fascist Organisation.

He became a naturalized American citizen while leading a splinter far-right organization, the Russian National Revolutionary Labor and Workers Peasant Party of Fascists. The headquarters of the RFO were based in Putnam, Connecticut. In 1942, following the United States's entry into war with Germany and Japan, Vonsiatsky was charged with supporting secret contacts with agents of Nazi Germany. He pleaded guilty to espionage and was sentenced to 5 years in prison. Released in 1946, Vonsiatsky lived out the remainder of his life in the United States. He died in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1965.
Ban Pong railway station
Ban Pong station (Thai: สถานีบ้านโป่ง) is a class 1 railway station in Ban Pong Town, Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi, 68 km (42.3 mi) from Thon Buri railway station. The station acts as an interchange point for the Namtok Branch Line from Nong Pladuk Junction, accessible only from the Thanon Songpol station, also known as Ban Pong 2.

Ban Pong, Ratchaburi
Ban Pong, (Thai: บ้านโป่ง), is a market town along the Mae Klong River in Thailand's Ratchaburi Province. Roughly 80 km (50 mi) west of Bangkok, it is the central town of the sub-provincial Ban Pong district, where its boundary aligned with that of the Ban Pong subdistrict (tambon).
Potato doughnut
Potato doughnuts, sometimes called a Spudnut, are a type of doughnut, typically sweet, made with either mashed potatoes or potato starch instead of flour, the most common ingredient used for doughnut dough. Potato doughnuts tend to be lighter than all-flour doughnuts, and are prepared in a similar way as other doughnuts. A chain of Spudnut Shops was established across the United States in the 1930s before declining to a few dozen more recently. Fried ube dough is also eaten in East Asia, including the world's most expensive doughnut, the Golden Cristal Ube, which cost $100 each. Much like flour doughnuts, potato doughnuts are often eaten with coffee.

Spudnut Shops
Spudnut Shops were American franchised stores selling donuts made with potato flour called Spudnuts. The parent company no longer exists, but independent stores remain. The original recipe is  based on a folk recipe that traces back to Germany.
Madrid Open (tennis)
The Madrid Open (Spanish: Masters de Madrid; formerly known as the Madrid Masters, and currently known as the Mutua Madrid Open for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Madrid, Spain. It is played on clay courts at the Caja Mágica in Manzanares Park, San Fermín, and is held in late April and early May. The tournament is an ATP Masters 1000 event on the ATP Tour and a WTA 1000 event on the WTA Tour. The tournament is traditionally played on a red clay surface, though it was played on blue clay courts in 2012.

Ion Țiriac, a Romanian billionaire businessman and former ATP professional, was the owner of the tournament between 2009 and 2021. According to Digi Sport which interviewed Țiriac in 2019, the tournament brings to the city of Madrid annual benefits exceeding €107 million. In 2021, Țiriac sold the tournament to New York–based IMG for approximately €390 million.

Caja Mágica
Caja Mágica (pronounced [ˈkaxa ˈmaxika]; Spanish for 'Magic Box'), also known as the Manzanares Park Tennis Center, is a multi-purpose stadium located in Madrid, Spain. Since 2009, it has been the home of the Madrid Open tennis tournament.

There are three courts under the one structure, and a series of retractable roofs. The seating capacity of Courts 1 and 2 would have been increased if Madrid's bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics had been successful.
Udanavarga
The Udānavarga is an early Buddhist collection of topically organized chapters (Sanskrit: varga) of aphoristic verses or "utterances" (Sanskrit: udāna) attributed to the Buddha and his disciples.  While not part of the Pali Canon, the Udānavarga has many chapter titles, verses and an overall format similar to those found in the Pali Canon's Dhammapada and Udāna.  At this time, there exist one Sanskrit recension, two Chinese recensions and two or three Tibetan recensions of the Udānavarga.

Udāna
The Udāna is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. It is included in the Sutta Pitaka's Khuddaka Nikaya. The title might be translated "inspired utterances". The book comprises 80 such utterances, most in verse, each preceded by a narrative giving the context in which the Buddha uttered it.

The famous story of the Blind men and an elephant appears in Udana, under Tittha Sutta (Ud. 6.4).
Willie Chambers
Willie Chambers (born March 3, 1938) is an American singer, guitarist, and former member of The Chambers Brothers, a rock band in the 1960s with hits "Time Has Come Today", "I Can't Turn You Loose", and "Love, Peace and Happiness". He continues to be a regular attraction at various venues in Los Angeles and further afield.

Joe Chambers (singer)
Joe Chambers aka Joseph Chambers was a singer, guitarist, songwriter and arranger. He was also a member of the 1960s group, The Chambers Brothers. The songs he wrote or co-wrote include, "Don't Lose Your Cool", the 1960s psychedelic soul song; "Time Has Come Today", "A New Time, A New Day", "Love, Peace and Happiness", and others.
Bethany Veney
Bethany Veney (March 19, 1812 – November 16, 1915), was an American writer whose autobiography and slave narrative, Aunt Betty's Story: The Narrative of Bethany Veney, A Slave Woman, was published in 1889. Born into slavery on a farm near Luray, Virginia, as Bethany Johnson, married twice, first to an enslaved man, Jerry Fickland, with whom she had a daughter, Charlotte. He was sold away from her and she later married Frank Veney, a free black man. She was sold on an auction block to her enslaver, George J. Adams, who brought her to Providence, Rhode Island, and later to Worcester, Massachusetts. After the American Civil War, Veney made four trips to Virginia to move her daughter and her family and 16 additional family members north to New England.

Luray, Virginia
Luray is the county seat of Page County, Virginia, United States. It is in the Shenandoah Valley and found within the northwestern part of the Commonwealth. The population was 4,831 at the 2020 census.

The town was founded by William Staige Marye in 1812, a descendant of a family native to Luray, France.
Eichstätter Garten
The Eichstätter Garten or Hortus Eystettensis ("Eichstätt Garden"), also known as the Bastionsgarten (Bastion garden) was a botanical garden that was created during the Renaissance period under Prince-Bishop Johann Konrad von Gemmingen on the bastions of the Willibaldsburg in Eichstätt, Upper Bavaria. The plants in the garden were described in the magnificent botanical work Hortus Eystettensis, which was first published in 1613 on behalf of the Prince-Bishop.

Johann Konrad von Gemmingen
Johann Konrad von Gemmingen (also Conrad) (1561−1612) was Prince bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Eichstätt in Bavaria. The bishop was an enthusiastic botanist who derived great pleasure from his garden, which rivaled Hortus Botanicus Leiden among early European botanical gardens outside Italy.
Hawal massacre
The Hawal Massacre took place on 21 May 1990 in the Hawal area of Srinagar, Kashmir, when troops of the Indian Central Reserve Police Force opened fire on a funeral procession carrying the body of Mirwaiz Moulana Muhammad Farooq, who had been assassinated by Muhammad Ahsan Dar and Mohammad Abdullah Bangroo, of the terrorist group Hizbul Mujahideen at his residence in Nageen. The procession, which was making its way from SKIMS Soura to Mirwaiz Manzil in Rajouri Kadal, was attacked as it passed through the Hawal area.

Mohammad Farooq Shah
Mohammad Farooq Shah (1944–1990) commonly known as Mirwaiz Moulvi Farooq, was a prominent Kashmiri religious leader and political figure. As the Mirwaiz of Kashmir, he served as the head cleric of historic Jamia Masjid in Srinagar, and led the All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee (ACC), a coalition of political parties in Jammu and Kashmir that sought resolution of the Kashmir conflict.
Ouachita Division
The Ouachita Division was a 49-mile (79 km) railway line owned and operated by the Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway in southeastern Arkansas. The line originated in Trippe (near Arkansas City) where it connected to the Little Rock Division (Arkansas Valley Route), and eventually terminated in Warren. This subdivision was formerly the Mississippi, Ouachita and Red River Railroad mainline.

Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway
The Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway (L. R., M. R. & T.), commonly known as the Arkansas Valley Route, was an American railway company that operated in southeastern Arkansas from 1875 to 1887. The railway's mainline was 113 miles (182 km) long and ran between Little Rock (near the center of the state) and Arkansas City (near the Mississippi River), passing through Pine Bluff. It had about 172 miles (277 km) of track, including sidings, rail yards and branch lines, including the Ouachita Division to Collins (with stage for points in southeastern Arkansas and northern Louisiana) and Monticello.
Vaikkojoki
Vaikkojoki River is a 50-kilometre (31 mi) long river, which is in provinces of Northern Karelia and Northern Savonia.

The waters of Vaikkojoki River flows from Lake Vaikkojärvi to Lake Kaavinjärvi, from the municipality of Juuka to municipality of Kaavi. The elevation difference of the river is more than 60 metres (200 ft). There are 27 rapids in Vaikkojoki River. The total length of the rapids is approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi).

Lake Kärenjärvi, Lake Vihtajärvi, Lake Saarijärvi and Lake Retunen are the largest lakes in the area of Vaikkojoki River.

The total length of Vaikkojoki Canoeing Route is about 90 kilometres (56 mi).

Kaavi
Kaavi is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the North Savo region. Kaavi is also a part of historical Karelia. The municipality has a population of 2,578 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 789.59 square kilometres (304.86 sq mi) of which 115.49 km2 (44.59 sq mi) is water. The population density is 3.82 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.9/sq mi). It is 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Kuopio and 90 kilometres (56 mi) from Joensuu. Neighbouring municipalities are Kuopio, Juuka, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi and Tuusniemi.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Boniface Benzinge
Boniface Benzinge is the Rwandan chief of the Abiru, privy counsellors to the Mwami of Rwanda. He is also the ex officio leader of the Abatsobe, the Tutsi caste that provides the Abirus on a hereditary basis.

Abiru
The Abiru (Kinyarwanda for royal ritualists) were the members of the privy council of the monarchy of Rwanda. They were oral repositories of the ubwiiru, an esoteric code of kingship. Due to the mythopoetic nature of accounts of the early history of the Abiru and the Rwandan monarchy, an accurate history of the Abiru is difficult to codify or study.

The council as a whole can be described as a priestly body that elected, advised, and/or deposed Rwandan kings. The debate continues over the pre-colonial functions of the body, which necessitates further research to substantiate definitive statements on the subject.

The wider ethnic community traditionally expected to provide the council's membership was known as the Abatsobe.
Servia, Greece
Servia (Greek: Σέρβια, romanized: Sérvia) is one of the main towns in the Kozani regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. It is one of the most historical places in the region, with a 6th-century Byzantine castle and the Kamvounia mountain dominating the landscape. There are also a number of 10th century Byzantine cave hermitages and small churches located nearby, which add to the Byzantine atmosphere of the area.

Since the local government reform of 2019, it is the seat of the extended municipality of Servia. From 2011 to 2019, the town was the seat of the Municipality of Servia-Velventos. The town itself has a population of 3,174 people (2021 census). The municipal unit Servia has an area of 400.116 km2, the community (the town proper) has an area of 51.603 km2.

Western Macedonia
Western Macedonia (Greek: Δυτική Μακεδονία, romanized: Ditikí Makedonía, Greek pronunciation: [ðitiˈki makeðoˈnia]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting of the western part of Macedonia. Located in north-western Greece, it is divided into the regional units of Florina, Grevena, Kastoria, and Kozani. With a population of approximately 255,000 people, as of 2021, the region had one of the highest unemployment rates in the European Union.
Battle of Kodziowce
The Battle of Kodziowce was a battle that took place at Kodziowce (now in modern Belarus) that occurred on 23-24 September 1939 during the Soviet invasion of Poland. It was fought between the Polish Wołkowysk Cavalry Brigade commanded by Wacław Przeździecki and Edmund Heldut-Tarnasiewicz who were retreating   from the Battle of Grodno (1939) and the Soviet 2nd Light Armoured Brigade under Col. Alexey Kurkin. The 2nd Light Tank Brigade was mainly composed of BT-7 light fast tanks and a small amount of BA-I armoured cars.

Battle of Grodno (1939)
The Battle of Grodno took place between 20 September and 22 September 1939, during the Soviet invasion of Poland.: 82  It was fought between improvised Polish units under Gen. Wacław Przeździecki and Soviet Red Army troops of Komkor Ivan Boldin's Dzerzhinsky Cavalry Mechanized Group, at the time in a non-aggression agreement with Nazi Germany under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact.
Dongfeng Motor Corporation
Dongfeng Motor Corporation Ltd. is a Chinese central state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhan, Hubei. Founded in 1969, it is currently the smallest of the "Big Four" state-owned car manufacturers of China with 671,000 sales in 2023, below SAIC Motor, Changan Automobile and FAW Group.

The company develops and markets vehicles under its own branding, such as M-Hero, Voyah, Aeolus, Nammi, Forthing, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as Dongfeng Honda, Dongfeng Nissan and Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën (all via subsidiary Dongfeng Motor Group). In 2021, foreign-branded cars took 79% of sales. In addition to commercial and consumer vehicles, it also manufactures parts and cooperates with foreign companies.

As a state-owned enterprise of China, Dongfeng is controlled and managed by SASAC, which under Chinese law performs the functions of an investor.

Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën
Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën, formerly Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile Co., Ltd. (DPCA) from 1992 to 2021, is an equally owned Chinese joint venture between the automobile manufacturers Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Stellantis (known as PSA Peugeot Citroën at the time of the formation of the joint venture). Based in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, it manufactures Peugeot and Citroën models for sale in China.

Its cars are well liked by consumers, and the Citroën brand received one of the highest scores in a 2014 customer satisfaction survey done by JD Power in China.

Not all Stellantis products sold in China were sold or manufactured by its joint venture with Dongfeng; DS Automobiles models were once the domain of the former Changan PSA joint venture with Changan Automobile.

DPCA also produces Dongfeng Fengshen-branded consumer vehicles in the same factories that manufacture the Stellantis models these private label cars are based on.
Jan Švankmajer
Jan Švankmajer (born 4 September 1934) is a Czech retired filmmaker, animator, writer, playwright and artist. He draws and makes free graphics, collage, ceramics, tactile objects and assemblages. In the early 1960s, he explored informel, which later became an important part of the visual form of his animated films. He is a leading representative of late Czech surrealism. In his film work, he created an unmistakable and quite specific style, determined primarily by a compulsively unorthodox combination of externally disparate elements. The anti-artistic nature of this process, based on collage or assemblage, functions as a meaning-making factor. The author himself claims that the intersubjective communication between him and the viewer works only through evoked associations, and his films fulfil their subversive mission only when, even in the most fantastic moments, they look like a record of reality. Some of the works he created together with his wife Eva Švankmajerová.

Czech Informel
Czech Informel is described as a current of expressive structural abstraction that emerged from specific local conditions at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s. It radically defined itself against all contemporary production and compromised creation and aestheticization of official art and became a turning point in the history of Czech art. Foreign critics appreciated the uniqueness of the works and wrote about a strong revolt of about thirty desperate avant-garde artists, which had no predecessor in Czechoslovakia. The term "informel" was used from 1945 by the French critic Waldemar-George and taken up and claimed by the painter Michel Tapié in the very title of the exhibition Signifiants de l´informel staged in Paul Facchetti´s studio in 1951. With international informel, which in Enrico Crispolti's conception includes a very heterogeneous group of artistic forms ranging from tachism to lyrical abstraction, is the Czech informel related only by some creative techniques.
Patsy Kelly
Patsy Kelly (born Bridget Sarah Veronica Rose Kelly; January 12, 1910 – September 24, 1981) was an American actress. She is known for her role as the brash, wisecracking sidekick to Thelma Todd in a series of comedy shorts produced by Hal Roach in the 1930s. Kelly continued to appear in similar roles after Todd's death in 1935.

After her film career declined in the mid-1940s, Kelly returned to New York, where she worked in radio and summer stock. She also became a lifelong friend and personal assistant of Tallulah Bankhead. Kelly returned to the screen after 17 years with guest spots on television and sporadic film roles.

Kelly returned to the stage in the 1971 revival of No, No, Nanette, for which she won a Tony Award.

Hal Roach
Harold Eugene "Hal" Roach Sr. (January 14, 1892 – November 2, 1992) was an American film and television producer, director and screenwriter, who was the founder of the namesake Hal Roach Studios.

Roach was active in the industry from the 1910s to the 1990s. He is known for producing a number of early media franchise successes, including the Laurel and Hardy franchise, Harold Lloyd's early films, the films of entertainer Charley Chase, and the Our Gang short film comedy series.
Max von Schenckendorff
Max von Schenckendorff (24 February 1875 – 6 July 1943) was a German military general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was the commander of Army Group Rear Area behind Army Group Centre from March 1941 until his death. He organized the Mogilev conference, in which Wehrmacht and SS officers discussed "bandit fighting" tactics, meaning the mass murder of Jews and other real or perceived enemies. The conference resulted in an intensification of the genocide that was already taking place in Army Group Centre Rear Area.

Mogilev Conference
The Mogilev Conference was a September 1941 Wehrmacht training event aimed at improving security in the rear of Army Group Centre during the German invasion of the Soviet Union. The event was organised by General Max von Schenckendorff, commander of Army Group Centre Rear Area, in cooperation with the officials of the security and intelligence services of Nazi Germany—SS and the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service; SD)—operating in the same area. Ostensibly an "anti-partisan" training conference, the event marked an escalation of violence against Jews and other civilians in the areas under Schenckendorff's command.