hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002–2006 municipal reorganization of Montreal
Montreal was one of the cities in Quebec affected by the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec.  On January 1, 2002, all the municipalities on the island of Montreal were merged into the city of Montreal.

However, following a change of government in the 2003 Quebec election and a 2004 referendum, some of those municipalities became independent cities again on January 1, 2006.  The recreated cities did not regain all of their previous powers, however.  A new urban agglomeration of Montreal was created, which resulted in the recreated cities still sharing certain municipal services with Montreal.

2004 Quebec municipal referendums
The 2004 Quebec municipal referendums were held by the Quebec Liberal Party government of Jean Charest that came to power in the 2003 Quebec election, in fulfillment of a campaign promise to allow voters to have a say regarding the municipal reorganization program that had been undertaken by the preceding Parti Québécois administration.

From late 2000 to 2003, the PQ government had amalgamated (merged) many Quebec cities with their suburbs or neighbouring municipalities.  This was imposed through legislation by the Quebec government rather than by the initiative of the municipalities themselves. In Canada, municipal governments are creatures of the provincial governments. However, the amalgamation proved unpopular in some places, with residents wishing to de-merge from the newly expanded cities and reconstitute their former municipalities.  The 2004 referendums were organized to provide an opportunity to vote on the matter.

As of 2024, this is the most recent referendum in Quebec.
Oat milk
Oat milk is a plant milk derived from whole oat (Avena spp.) grains by extracting the plant material with water. Oat milk has a creamy texture and mild oatmeal-like flavor, and is manufactured in various flavors, such as sweetened, unsweetened, vanilla, and chocolate.

Unlike other plant milks having origins as early as the 13th century, oat milk was developed in the 1990s by the Swedish scientist Rickard Öste, founder of oat milk manufacturer Oatly.

By 2020, oat milk products included coffee creamer, yogurt alternatives, ice cream, and chocolate. Oat milk may be consumed to replace dairy in vegan diets, or in cases of medical conditions where dairy is incompatible, such as lactose intolerance or an allergy to cow milk.

Compared to milk and other plant-based beverages, oat milk has relatively low environmental impact due to its comparatively low land and water needs for production.

Oatly
Oatly Group AB is a Swedish food company, publicly traded on the American stock market, that produces alternatives to dairy products from oats, including oat milk.  Oatly was formed in the 1990s using research from Lund University. Oatly has headquarters in Malmö and a production and development centre in Landskrona.

Oatly's key markets are Sweden, Germany and the United Kingdom. The company's products were available in 60,000 retail stores and 32,200 coffee shops around the world as of 31 December 2020. Oatly is available in 11,000 coffee and tea shops in China, and at more than 6,000 retail and specialty shops across the United States, including thousands of Starbucks locations.
USS Fulmar (AMS-47)
USS Fulmar (AMS-47/YMS-193) was a YMS-1-class minesweeper of the YMS-135 subclass acquired by the U.S. Navy for use in World War II. Her task was to clear minefields in coastal waterways.

Fulmar was laid down, 31 October 1942 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Co., Long Island, Greenport, New York; launched, 2 January 1943; completed, 28 June 1943; commissioned USS YMS-193; reclassified as a motor minesweeper and named Fulmar (AMS 47), 1 September 1947; and reclassified as a coastal minesweeper (Old), MSC(O)-47, 7 February 1955.

Fulmar was struck from the Naval Register, 1 October 1968 and sold. Her ultimate fate is unknown.

YMS-1-class minesweeper
The YMS-1 class of auxiliary motor minesweepers was established with the laying down of YMS-1 on 4 March 1941. Some were later transferred to the United Kingdom as part of the World War II Lend-Lease pact between the two nations. One ship eventually made its way into the Royal Canadian Navy postwar.
Captain Novolin
Captain Novolin is a 1992 educational platform video game, developed by Sculptured Software and published by Raya Systems for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Starring the eponymous superhero with type 1 diabetes, the game sees the player control Captain Novolin on a quest to save the mayor of Pineville from the supervillain Blubberman. It is a part of educational video game series from Raya that also includes Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon, Packy and Marlon, and Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus.

Funding for the game came from Novo Nordisk (makers of the Novolin brand of insulin) and the National Institutes of Health. To promote the game, Novo Nordisk distributed 10,000 free copies to hospitals. During its initial release, the game was positively received by diabetes specialists, as well as children with the condition. But reception from both contemporary and retrospective video game critics has been poor, and it has been named as one of the worst video games of all time.

Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus
Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus is an educational platform video game developed by American studio WaveQuest and published by Raya Systems for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is a part of educational video game series from Raya that includes Captain Novolin, Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon and Packy and Marlon.
Jury Kashyra
Jury Kashyra (Polish: Jerzy Kaszyra; Belarusian: Юрый Кашыра; 4 April 1904 – 18 February 1943) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest and a Belarusian apostle of the unity between Catholic and Orthodox Christians. He was murdered by the Nazi security forces and their collaborators in Operation Winterzauber, a punitive "bandit fighting" raid, together with his parishioners. Kashyra was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1999 together with the 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs.

108 Martyrs of World War II
The 108 Martyrs of World War II, known also as the 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs (Polish: 108 błogosławionych męczenników), were Catholics from Poland killed during World War II by German Nazis. Their liturgical feast day is 12 June. The 108 were beatified on 13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw. The group comprises 3 bishops, 79 priests, 7 male religious, 8 female religious, and 11 lay people. There are two parishes named for the martyrs, in Powiercie in Koło County, and in Malbork.
Bangalore Mirror
Bangalore Mirror is an English-language daily published by The Times Group in Bangalore, India, as a compact newspaper. It is a deputed newspaper and is the second-largest circulating English daily in the city. In 2020, as part of its COVID-19 downsizing drive, The Times Group merged other editions of Mirror into a weekly affair, except Bangalore Mirror. Bangalore Mirror continues to be the leading daily catering to the tabloid/compact newspaper segment in the young metropolis, focusing largely on original stories that matter to Bengaluru, and its young urban population.

The Times Group
Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. (BCCL), d/b/a The Times Group, is an Indian media conglomerate based in Mumbai. Notable media properties owned and operated by the group include India's largest selling daily English-language newspaper The Times of India, television channels such as Times Now, the radio station network Radio Mirchi, and magazines Filmfare and Femina.

The Sahu Jain family owns a majority of the stake in the group. In May 2023, the Times Group was split into two separate business entities between brothers Vineet Jain and Samir Jain, such that its radio and broadcast properties would remain with Vineet Jain and its print properties would be under the ownership of Samir Jain.
Through the Looking Glass (Angel)
"Through the Looking Glass" is the 21st episode of the second season of the American television series Angel. Written and directed by Tim Minear, it was originally broadcast on May 15, 2001 on the WB network. It is the second episode in a three-part arc.

In "Through the Looking Glass", Angel and the others are still trapped in the Pylea dimension. Cordelia finds herself appointed ruling princess of Pylea by an order of priests and ordered to mate with a human-like creature called the Groosalugg, while Angel seeks to help Lorne the Host bond with his estranged family, which takes a turn when Angel saves a runaway human slave, named Winifred "Fred" Burkle, the same L.A. librarian who was sucked into Pylea five years earlier. Also, Wesley and Gunn manage to escape from the castle only to end up as captives of human Pylean rebels plotting to overthrow the monarchy.

Angel season 2
The second season of the television series Angel, the spin-off of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, premiered on September 26, 2000, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 22, 2001. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 9:00 pm ET, following Buffy.
DC Thomson
DC Thomson is a media company based in Dundee, Scotland. Founded by David Couper Thomson in 1905, it is best known for publishing The Courier, The Evening Telegraph and The Sunday Post newspapers, and the comics Oor Wullie, The Broons, The Beano, The Dandy and  Commando. It also owns the Aberdeen Journals Group which publishes the Press and Journal. The company owns several websites, including Findmypast, and owned the now defunct social media site Friends Reunited.

The Courier (Dundee)
The Courier (known as The Courier & Advertiser between 1926 and 2012) is a newspaper published by DC Thomson in Dundee, Scotland. As of 2013, it is printed in six regional editions: Dundee, Angus & The Mearns, Fife, West Fife, Perthshire, and Stirlingshire. However, by 2020, this had been reduced to three regional editions for Perth and Perthshire; Angus and Dundee; and Fife.

As of August 2025, the circulation for The Courier stands at 14,836, this was a decrease from December 2024, where the average daily circulation of The Courier was 15,737, both figures are significantly down from the 30,179 copies sold in December 2019.
Grigorii Uzun
Grigorii Vladimirovici Uzun (born 14 November 1986) is a Moldovan businessman and politician. Born in Vulcănești today in Gagauzia, he moved to Russia in 1999 and started a transportation business there. After returning to Moldova, Uzun became a member of the People's Assembly of Gagauzia as well as of the Parliament of Moldova for the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (PSRM). Supported by the PSRM, Uzun was defeated by Evghenia Guțul during the 2023 Gagauz gubernatorial election for the position of Governor (başkan) of Gagauzia.

Evghenia Guțul
Evghenia Guțul (born 5 September 1986; Gagauz: Evgeniya Guţul or Guțul), also rendered Yevgenia Gutsul (Russian: Евгения Гуцул) and Eugenia Guțul, is a Moldovan Gagauz jurist and politician, who served as Governor of Gagauzia (başkan) from July 2023 to August 2025.

As governor, she has sought to have closer relations with Russia. Following her party's banning by Moldovan authorities, she has been an independent. She has been sanctioned by the EU Council for promoting separatism, and by the United States' Office of Foreign Assets Control.

In April 2024, she was indicted in a criminal case with the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office of Moldova, and in August 2025 she was sentenced to seven years in jail for using undeclared Russian funds to finance her Șor Party.
Amnon Yitzhak
Amnon Yitzhak (Hebrew: אַמְנוֹן יִצְחָק; born 8 November  1953) is a Haredi Israeli rabbi of Yemenite Jewish descent. He is best known for his involvement in Orthodox Judaism outreach (kiruv) among Israel's Sephardi and Mizrahi populations. He and Rabbi Reuven Elbaz are considered the leaders of the Sephardi baal teshuva movement in Israel. He is involved in activities centered on helping Jews to become more religious or observant through public speaking in Israel and around the world, and his 'Shofar' organization, which distributes his lectures in various media and on the internet.

Baal teshuva
In Judaism, a ba'al teshuvah (Hebrew: בעל תשובה; for a woman, בעלת תשובה, ba'alat teshuva or ba'alas teshuva; plural, בעלי תשובה, ba'alei teshuva, 'owner of return [to God or his way]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a secular lifestyle or a less  frum form of Judaism.

The baal teshuva movement is a description of the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism. The term is used to refer to a worldwide phenomenon among the Jewish people.
Channel-state duality
In quantum information theory, the channel-state duality refers to the correspondence between quantum channels and quantum states (described by density matrices). Phrased differently, the duality is the isomorphism between completely positive maps (channels) from A to Cn×n, where A is a C*-algebra and Cn×n denotes the n×n complex entries, and positive linear functionals (states) on the tensor product

Quantum channel
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information.  An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit.  An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet.

Terminologically, quantum channels are completely positive (CP) trace-preserving maps between spaces of operators.  In other words, a quantum channel is just a quantum operation viewed not merely as the reduced dynamics of a system but as a pipeline intended to carry quantum information.  (Some authors use the term "quantum operation" to include trace-decreasing maps while reserving "quantum channel" for strictly trace-preserving maps.)
Counties 1 Durham & Northumberland
Counties 1 Durham & Northumberland, formerly known as Durham/Northumberland 1 is an English amateur rugby union competition. The league consists of twelve clubs, and is in the seventh tier of the English rugby union system; one of the sixteen regional leagues and is the highest level of local rugby in North East England. The champions are promoted to Regional 2 North, a division with a wider geographical area that also encompasses the Yorkshire region. The last two clubs are relegated to Counties 2 Durham & Northumberland.

Each season, two teams from the league are selected to take part in the RFU Intermediate Cup, a national competition for clubs in the seventh tier: one is affiliated with the Durham County RFU, the other is affiliated with the Northumberland RFU.

Durham County Rugby Football Union
The Durham County Rugby Football Union is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in the historic county of Durham in England. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Durham County, it administers and organises rugby union clubs, competitions and Durham county rugby representative teams.
I'll Be Your Mirror
"I'll Be Your Mirror" is a song by the Velvet Underground and Nico. It appeared on their 1967 debut album The Velvet Underground & Nico. It also surfaced as a single a year earlier with "All Tomorrow's Parties" in 1966.

Lou Reed wrote the song for Nico, who provides lead vocals. According to biographer Victor Bockris, inspiration for the song came about after Nico approached Reed after a show in 1965 saying, "Oh Lou, I'll be your mirror." The song was a favorite of Reed's and The Velvet Underground & Nico engineer, Norman Dolph.

Mark Deming of AllMusic described "I'll Be Your Mirror" as an "understated love song."

All Tomorrow's Parties
"All Tomorrow's Parties" is a song by the Velvet Underground and Nico, written by Lou Reed and released as the band's debut single in 1966. The song is from their 1967 debut studio album, The Velvet Underground & Nico.

Inspiration for the song came from Reed's observation of Andy Warhol's clique—according to Reed, the song is "a very apt description of certain people at the Factory at the time. ... I watched Andy. I watched Andy watching everybody. I would hear people say the most astonishing things, the craziest things, the funniest things, the saddest things." In a 2006 interview, Reed's VU bandmate John Cale stated: "The song was about a girl called Darryl, a beautiful petite blonde with three kids, two of whom were taken away from her."
The song was Andy Warhol's favorite by The Velvet Underground.

The song has notably lent its name to a music festival, a William Gibson novel, and a Yu Lik-wai film.
Kevin McClatchy
Kevin S. McClatchy (born January 13, 1963) is the chairman of McClatchy and former owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team.  He led a group of investors that purchased the team in 1996, and served as the team's CEO and lead owner until 2007, when Bob Nutting took over as lead owner, and McClatchy and Nutting hired Frank Coonelly to become CEO.

Robert Nutting
Robert Nutting (born March 29, 1962, colloquially known as 'Bob') is an American businessman and sports team owner. Since 2007, he has been the principal owner and chairman of the board of the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball. His other business activities include serving as president & CEO of Ogden Newspapers Inc. He is also the former chairman of Seven Springs Mountain Resort, Hidden Valley Resort, and Laurel Mountain Ski Area, which he sold to Vail Resorts in December 2021 in a $118 million deal.
Georgie Dansey
Georgina Michaela Celestine Dansey (born 1986) is a New Zealand politician and Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives for the Labour Party. She became a list MP following the resignation of Adrian Rurawhe in 2026.

Adrian Rurawhe
Adrian Paki Rurawhe (born 1961) is a former New Zealand Labour Party politician. He was an MP from 2014 to 2026, and the speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 2022 to 2023.

Rurawhe held the seat for the Te Tai Hauāuru Māori electorate from 2014 to 2023. Citing the demands of being speaker, he did not contest the electorate in the 2023 election, but returned to Parliament at number 11 on Labour's party list.
Swire
Swire Group (Chinese: 太古集團) is a diversified global conglomerate whose privately owned parent company is John Swire & Sons Limited. The group holds controlling interests in businesses operating in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Papua New Guinea, East and West Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Its core businesses are primarily focused on Asia, with major operations in Hong Kong and Mainland China. These activities are largely held through the publicly listed Swire Pacific Limited, which is the largest shareholder of Swire Properties and Cathay Pacific. Swire Pacific is included in the Forbes Global 2000.

Taikoo (太古) is the Chinese brand name of Swire and is used by businesses such as Taikoo Shing, Taikoo Li, Taikoo Hui and Taikoo Sugar.

Swire Properties
Swire Properties Limited (Chinese: 太古地產) is a property developer, owner and operator of mixed-use, principally commercial properties in Hong Kong and mainland China. Founded and headquartered in Hong Kong in 1972, Swire Properties is a property developer in Hong Kong, and is listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. Including subsidiaries, it employs around 4,500 people. The company is, in turn, a subsidiary of the publicly listed Swire Pacific Limited (part of Swire Group).
Rudolf Dassler
Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler (29 April 1898 – 27 October 1974) was a German cobbler, inventor and businessman who founded the sportswear company Puma.

He was the older brother of Adidas founder Adolf "Adi" Dassler. The brothers were partners in a shoe company Adolf started, Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ("Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory"). Rudolf joined in 1924. However, after a feud developed between them following World War II, the brothers went separate ways and started their respective companies in 1948.

Initially calling the new company "Ruda" (a portmanteau for Rudolf Dassler), it was soon changed to its present name of Puma. Puma is the Quechua word for cougar; from there, it went into German as well as other languages.

Dassler brothers feud
The Dassler brothers feud was a conflict between two brothers and their respective shoe manufacturers, Adolf ("Adi") and Rudolf ("Rudi") Dassler, in the latter half of the 20th century. Their feud led to the creation of Adidas and Puma, two of the largest shoe manufacturing companies in the world, and started a long-lasting rivalry between the two companies, reflected in rivalries between football clubs and a culture of animosity between Puma and Adidas employees that divided their home town. The most notable event that fuelled the rivalry was the "Pelé Pact", where both agreed not to sign a deal with Pelé for the 1970 World Cup, feeling that a bidding war for the most famous athlete in the world would become too expensive, only for Puma to break the pact and sign him.
1958 NBA Finals
The 1958 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series for the 1957–58 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. It pitted the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks against the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. The Hawks won the series in six games to win the franchise's first and only NBA title. This was the last Finals until 1967 that was not won by the Celtics, and the last until 1971 that was won by the Western Division or Conference.

1958 NBA playoffs
The 1958 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1957–58 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks defeating the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.

It was the second straight year the Celtics and Hawks met in the Finals; they met four out of five years, with the Celtics winning three series and the Hawks one.

This was the first (and as of 2024, only) title in Hawks franchise history. St. Louis made it to the NBA Finals four times in five years between 1957–1961, but since moving to Atlanta in 1968, they have had considerably less success in the playoffs.
Masao Ohba
Masao Ohba (大場政夫, Ōba Masao; October 21, 1949 – January 25, 1973) was a Japanese professional boxer. He became the WBA flyweight World Champion on October 22, 1970, defeating the reigning champion Berkrerk Chartvanchai in Tokyo and retained the championship for an impressive 5 title straight defenses.  He died in a car accident at 23, still holding his world title. He was trained by Isamu Kuwata.He is Soh Ohba's uncle.Soh's adoptive father is Masao's younger brother, Isaburo Ohba, who is 5 years younger than him.  Since 1994, Isaburo has served as the chairman of the Japan Renewal Party Yokohama City Rental Supporting Members Liaison Committee, the assistant secretary general of the New Frontier Party_(Japan)(NFP) Kanagawa Prefectural Union, and a temporary staff member of the NFP successor party.

Berkrerk Chartvanchai
Berkrerk Chartvanchai (Thai: เบิกฤกษ์ ชาติวันชัย; October 25, 1944 – March 7, 2022) was a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter and boxer. He was a WBA World Flyweight Champion, the third Thai in history to hold a version of the World Flyweight title (The first one is Pone Kingpetch, the second is Chartchai Chionoi).. In Muay Thai he was a two weight Lumpinee Stadium Champion.