hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AV1
AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) is an open, royalty-free video coding format initially designed for video transmissions over the Internet. It was developed as a successor to VP9 by the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), a consortium founded in 2015 that includes semiconductor firms, video on demand providers, video content producers, software development companies and web browser vendors. The AV1 bitstream specification includes a reference video codec. In 2018, Facebook re-encoded 400 compressed Facebook videos with AV1, VP9, and x264 and found AV1 delivered around 34% lower bitrates than VP9 and about 50% lower than x264 at similar visual quality, though encoding was much slower.

Like VP9, but unlike H.264 (AVC) and H.265 (HEVC), AV1 has a royalty-free licensing model that does not hinder adoption in open-source projects.

AVIF is an image file format that uses AV1 compression algorithms.

Alliance for Open Media
The Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) is a non-profit industry consortium headquartered in Wakefield, Massachusetts, and formed to develop open, royalty-free technology for multimedia delivery. It uses the ideas and principles of open web standard development to create video standards that can serve as alternatives to the hitherto dominant standards of the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG).

Its first project was to develop AV1, a new open video codec and format, as a successor to VP9 and an alternative to HEVC. AV1 uses elements from Daala, Thor, and VP10, three preceding open video codecs.

The governing members of the Alliance for Open Media are Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Google, Intel, Meta Platforms, Microsoft, Mozilla, Netflix, Nvidia, Samsung Electronics and Tencent.
Waarish
Waarish (transl. Heir) (Bengali: ওয়ারিশ) is a 2004 Bengali film directed by Kaushik Ganguly. It stars Debashree Roy, Mamata Shankar, Sabyasachi Chakraborty, Churni Ganguly and Aniket in the leading roles. The film marked Kaushik Ganguly's directorial debut and it was also Churni Ganguly's first film on the big screen.

Sabyasachi Chakrabarty
Sabyasachi Chakrabarty (Bengali pronunciation: [/ʃob.ja.sɑ.t͡ʃi/]) is an Indian actor known for his work in theatre, films and television. He is best known for portraying iconic Bengali detective characters, Feluda, and Kakababu.
Geophaps
Geophaps is a small genus of doves. Established by George Robert Gray, it contains three extant species.  The plumage and distribution suggests that all species within the genus have formed from a common ancestor and that through adaptive radiation they have varied greatly in size, shape and ecology.

Partridge pigeon
The partridge pigeon (Geophaps smithii) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.
It is endemic to Australia.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Takuya Kusakawa
Takuya Kusakawa (草川 拓弥, Kusakawa Takuya; born 24 November 1994), is a Japanese actor, singer, and dancer. He debuted as a member of the Japanese boy group Bullet Train, under Stardust Promotion in March 2012.

Bullet Train (band)
Bullet Train (超特急, Chōtokkyū) is a Japanese boy band formed on December 25, 2011, under Stardust Promotion. The group debuted under the name "超特急☆-BULLET TRAIN- (Chōtokkyū☆-BULLET TRAIN-)" but later changed the name to "超特急 (Chōtokkyū)". The group consists of "main dancers" and "back vocalists", meaning that the vocalists stand behind the dancers when the band is performing. Bullet Train has been likened to Momoiro Clover Z, an idol girl group managed by the same talent agency. Consisting of 4 main dancers, the center among the dancers changes for each single. In 2018 they won their first award on MAMA2018 in Japan.
Kinver
Kinver is a large village in the District of South Staffordshire in Staffordshire, England. It is in the far south-west of the county, at the end of the narrow finger of land surrounded by the counties of Shropshire, Worcestershire and the West Midlands. The nearest towns are Stourbridge, West Midlands, Kidderminster in Worcestershire and Bridgnorth, Shropshire. The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal passes through, running close to the course of the meandering River Stour. According to the 2011 census Kinver ward had a population of 7,225.

River Stour, Worcestershire
The Stour (/ˈstaʊər/, rhymes with "flour") is a river flowing through the counties of Worcestershire, the West Midlands and Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England. The Stour is a major tributary of the River Severn, and is about 25 miles (40 km) in length. It has played a considerable part in the economic history of the region.
Six Principle Baptist Church
Stony Lane Six Principle Baptist Church, also known as the Old Baptist Meeting House, is a historic church in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. As of 2009 it was one of the last surviving historical congregations of the Six Principle Baptist denomination and one of the oldest churches in the United States.

General Six-Principle Baptists
The General Six-Principle Baptists, shortly Six-Principle Baptists, is a Baptist sub-group in the United States. General Six-Principle Baptists originated from early General Baptists in New England Colonies that held to the Five Points of Arminianism and a strict observance of laying on of hands (Confirmation), having no communion with churches that did not practice it.
Royal Lao Police
The Royal Lao Police (Lao: ກຣົມຕຳຮວຈລາວ; French: Police Royale Laotiènne – PRL), was the official national police force of the Kingdom of Laos from 1950 to 1975, operating closely with the Royal Lao Armed Forces (FAR) during the Laotian Civil War between 1960 and 1975.

Royal Lao Armed Forces
The Royal Lao Armed Forces (Lao: ກອງທັບຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ; French: Forces Armées du Royaume), best known by its French acronym FAR, were the official military of the Kingdom of Laos, a state that existed from 1949 to 1975 in what is now the Lao People's Democratic Republic. First created under the French protectorate of Laos on July 1, 1949, the FAR was responsible for the defense of the Kingdom since its independence in October 1953 from France, until its dissolution on December 2, 1975. It operated notably during the North Vietnamese invasion of Laos and the Laotian Civil War from 1960 to 1975.
Laurencekirk railway station
Laurencekirk railway station is a railway station serving the communities of Laurencekirk and The Mearns in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The station was reopened on 17 May 2009 at a cost of £3 million. It is between Montrose and Stonehaven, on the Dundee to Aberdeen line. There is a crossover at the north end of the station, which can be used to facilitate trains turning back if the line south to Montrose is blocked.

Montrose railway station
Montrose railway station serves the town of Montrose in Angus, Scotland. The station overlooks the Montrose Basin and is situated on the Dundee–Aberdeen line, 90 miles (144 km) north of Edinburgh Waverley, between Arbroath and Laurencekirk. There is a crossover at the north end of the station, which can be used to facilitate trains turning back if the line south to Arbroath is blocked.
Odama
Odama is a video game for the GameCube developed by Vivarium and Studiofake and published by Nintendo for the GameCube. The game was produced and designed by Seaman creator Yoot Saito. It is the penultimate GameCube game to be published by Nintendo, followed by The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess.

Odama blends tactical wargaming with pinball gameplay. The game takes place in a feudal Japan setting. The main character is a young general named Yamanouchi Kagetora, who is intent on avenging his father's death by reviving the most ingenious weapon ever to hit the medieval battlefield: the Odama. The Odama is a gigantic ball powerful enough to destroy whatever it strikes, friend or foe. Using giant flippers, players aim the Odama to bowl over enemies, shatter their defenses and wreak havoc on the battlefield. With the GameCube Microphone, players direct their soldiers out of the Odama's way and into the fray by charging the enemy, defending positions and seizing the enemy gates.

Yoot Saito
Yutaka "Yoot" Saito (斉藤 由多加, Saitō Yutaka; born October 15, 1962) is a Japanese video game designer. In 1996, he founded the video game development company Vivarium. His latest game is Aero Porter, which is part of a collection of games called Guild01 for the Nintendo 3DS.  Yoot also developed Odama for the GameCube and Seaman.

His first major game release was SimTower (known and originally released as The Tower in Japan), developed by his previous company OPeNBooK Co., Ltd. and published by Maxis in 1994. He was also involved in the sequel, Yoot Tower (The Tower II in Japan), the Game Boy Advance remake called The Tower SP, and the Nintendo DS remake called The Tower DS. After founding Vivarium, he published some of his most famous games, including Seaman, a virtual pet game  which was one of the best selling titles for the Dreamcast in Japan, and Odama, a mix of pinball and real time strategy. Both of these games make use of their respective consoles' microphone peripherals.
Null set
In mathematical analysis, a null set is a Lebesgue measurable set of real numbers that has measure zero.  This can be characterized as a set that can be covered by a countable union of intervals of arbitrarily small total length.

A null set is not to be confused with the empty set as defined in set theory. Although the empty set has Lebesgue measure zero, there are also non-empty sets which are null.  For example, any non-empty countable set of real numbers has Lebesgue measure zero and therefore is null.

More generally, on a given measure space  a null set is a set  such that

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Patient DF
Patient DF is a woman with visual apperceptive agnosia who has been studied extensively due to the implications of her behavior for the two streams theory of visual perception. Though her vision remains intact, she has trouble visually locating and identifying objects. Despite being unable to identify or recognize objects, DF can still use visual input to guide her action.

Her agnosia is thought to be caused by a bilateral lesion to her lateral occipital cortex, an area thought by dual-stream proponents to be the ventral "object recognition" stream.

Two-streams hypothesis
The two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in a paper by David Milner and Melvyn A. Goodale in 1992, argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. Recently there seems to be evidence of two distinct auditory systems as well. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, and as sound leaves the phonological network, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The ventral stream (also known as the "what pathway") leads to the temporal lobe, which is involved with object and visual identification and recognition. The dorsal stream (or, "where pathway") leads to the parietal lobe, which is involved with processing the object's spatial location relative to the viewer and with speech repetition.
St. Michael's Church, Kirkkonummi
St. Michael's Church in Kirkkonummi is a gothic, medieval stone church in the Finnish municipality of Kirkkonummi, located in the municipal town centre. The church was built somewhere between 1400 and 1490. The original medieval brick walls are still to be seen in the eastern part of the church.

Kirkkonummi Church is consecrated to St. Michael. The church is shared by the Swedish-speaking parish of Kirkkonummi (Swedish: Kyrkslätts svenska församling) and the Finnish-speaking parish of Kirkkonummi (Finnish: Kirkkonummen suomenkielinen seurakunta).

Originally the church was Roman Catholic but after the Reformation it was converted to Lutheranism.

Kirkkonummi
Kirkkonummi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkirkːoˌnumːi]; Swedish: Kyrkslätt, Finland Swedish: [ˈtɕyrːkslet] ⓘ, Sweden Swedish: [ˈɕʏ̂rːkslɛt]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Kirkkonummi is situated in the western part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Kirkkonummi is approximately 42,000. It is the 28th most populous municipality in Finland. Kirkkonummi is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

Kirkkonummi is situated on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland and borders Espoo, Vihti, Siuntio and Ingå. The literal translation of the Finnish name "Kirkkonummi" into English is “church heath”; the Swedish name "Kyrkslätt" translates to “church plain".

Kirkkonummi is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 73% Finnish speakers, 15% Swedish speakers, and 13% speakers of other languages.
St Albans railway station, Melbourne
St Albans station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Sunbury line, which is part of the Melbourne network. It serves the western suburb of St Albans, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. St Albans station is a below ground  premium station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 1 February 1887, with the current station provided in November 2016.

Watergardens railway station
Watergardens station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Sunbury line, which is part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the western suburb of Sydenham, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Watergardens station is a ground level premium station, featuring three platforms, an island platform with two faces and one side platform. It opened on 1 March 1859, with the current station location provided in 2002 and the platforms extension in 2022.

Initially opened as Keilor Road, this station was renamed to Sydenham on 1 April 1887, then was given its current name of Watergardens on 26 January 2002.

A stabling yard is located at the down (Sunbury) end of the station.
Savio Rodrigues
Savio Oliver Ignatius Rodrigues (born 31 July 1976) is an Indian journalist and politician based in Velim, Goa. He is the founder and editor-in-chief of Goa Chronicle, a news portal. Rodrigues is also a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Goa (BJP) and a former spokesperson of the party.

Velim, Goa
Velim (English: /veɪliːm/ ⓘ; formerly known as Velliapura – the official name until 1310 CE) is a large village situated in Salcete, neighbouring Quepem taluka, and falls under South Goa district, in the coastal state of Goa. It has access to the Arabian Sea via the Sal river that flows through it and shares its borders with neighbouring villages and towns of Assolna, Ambelim, Betul, and Cuncolim. The village consists of 22 hamlets or subdivisions which have been organized into 9 wards. As of 2020, the village has a total population of about 8,600 residents residing in 2568 households. It is a part of the Velim Assembly constituency.
Boundary Street
Boundary Street (Chinese: 界限街) is a three-lane one-way street in Kowloon, Hong Kong. It runs in an easterly direction from its start at the intersection with Tung Chau Street in the west, and ends at its intersection with Prince Edward Road West in the east, near the former Kai Tak Airport.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Kelty Hearts F.C.
Kelty Hearts Football Club is a football club based in the village of Kelty in Fife, Scotland. Formed in 1975, the club currently competes in Scottish League One, having been promoted from Scottish League Two as champions in 2021-22. Their home colours are maroon shirts, white shorts and maroon socks, while their away colours are typically all blue. They play their home games at New Central Park and are nicknamed the "Maroon Machine", "the Jambos" and "the Hearts".

The club were previously members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, playing in the Fife League followed by the East Region Superleague. In December 2017 the club became a full SFA member, making them eligible to enter the Scottish Cup and move up through the pyramid system.

2021–22 Scottish League Two
The 2021–22 Scottish League Two (known as cinch League Two for sponsorship reasons) was the ninth season of Scottish League Two, the fourth tier of Scottish football. The season began on 31 July.

Ten teams contested the league: Albion Rovers, Annan Athletic, Cowdenbeath, Edinburgh City, Elgin City, Forfar Athletic, Kelty Hearts, Stenhousemuir, Stirling Albion and Stranraer.
Nuussuaq
Nuussuaq (old spelling: Nûgssuaq), formerly Kraulshavn, is a settlement in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It is the only mainland settlement in the Upernavik Archipelago, located near the western tip of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, on the northern coast of Sugar Loaf Bay, an indentation of Baffin Bay.

The settlement was founded in 1923 as a trading station, growing in size during the post-war consolidation phase, when hunters from several small villages in the region of neighboring Inussulik Bay, Sugar Loaf Bay, and Tasiusaq Bay moved into the larger settlements such as Nuussuaq and Kullorsuaq further north in Melville Bay. Today Nuussuaq remains one of the most traditional hunting and fishing villages in Greenland, with a stable population. The settlement had 181 inhabitants in 2020.

Sugar Loaf Bay
Sugar Loaf Bay is a bay in the Upernavik Archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It is an indentation of northeastern Baffin Bay. The name of the bay derives from the name of an island of the same name in the bay, Sugar Loaf Island (Greenlandic: Uummannaq, not to be confused with Uummannaq Island).
Mihrab
Mihrab (Arabic: محراب, miḥrāb, pl. محاريب maḥārīb) is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca towards which Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the "qibla wall".

The minbar, which is the raised platform from which an imam (leader of prayer) addresses the congregation, is located to the right of the mihrab.

Maqsurah
Maqsurah (Arabic: مقصورة, literally "closed-off space") is an enclosure, box, or wooden screen near the mihrab or the center of the qibla wall in a mosque. It was typically reserved for a Muslim ruler and his entourage, and was originally designed to shield him from potential assassins during prayer. The imam officiating inside the maqsurah typically belonged to the same school of law to which the ruler belonged.

There also may have been some spiritual connotation similar to the chancel screen in Christian churches. They were often wooden screens decorated with carvings or interlocking turned pieces of wood (similar to a mashrabiya). Sometimes, Muslim saints are buried behind a maqsurah in a similar way to a zarih.
Imposs
Stanley Rimsky Salgado (born 12 September 1980), known by his stage name Imposs, is a Haitian-Canadian rapper, musician, singer and songwriter based in Quebec. Before becoming a solo artist, he was part of Muzion, one of the well-known hip hop bands of Quebec. He has collaborated on many occasions with Wyclef Jean during Muzion days and also as a solo artist. He is well known for dubbing the phrase "Real City" for Montreal. He is signed to Sony.

K.Maro
Cyril Kamar (Arabic: سيريل قمر; born January 31, 1980, in Beirut), known by his stage name K.Maro (/keɪ ˈmɑːroʊ/; sometimes stylized as K-Maro or K'Maro), is a Canadian rapper, singer and businessman of Lebanese origin. He sings in French and English. He is also the founder, the owner, and the CEO of East 47th Music, a record label, and Rock&Cherries Agency, a Paris-based Talents management agency. Both East 47th Music and Rock&Cherries Agency are part of KEG company (Kamar Entertainment Group).
Hayes line
The  Hayes line, originally and in some uses still known as the Mid-Kent line, is a British railway line running from Courthill Loop North junction (just south of Lewisham station) to Hayes railway station in the London Borough of Bromley. Originally known as the Mid-Kent Railway, it became known as the Mid-Kent Line. It has increasingly become to be known as the Hayes Line however, with none of the line in the present-day county of Kent.

Lewisham station
Lewisham is an interchange station in the area of Lewisham, south-east London, England. It provides Docklands Light Railway (DLR) and National Rail services. On the National Rail network, it lies 7 miles 61 chains (12.5 km) from London Victoria and is operated by Southeastern.
Sylvanian Families
Sylvanian Families (シルバニアファミリー, Shirubania Famirī) (known as Calico Critters in the US and Canada) is a line of collectible anthropomorphic animal figurines made of flocked plastic. They were created by the Japanese gaming company Epoch in 1985 and distributed worldwide by a number of companies.

Epoch Co.
Epoch Company, Ltd. (株式会社エポック社, Kabushikigaisha Epokku Sha) is a Japanese toy and computer games company founded in 1958 which is best known for manufacturing Barcode Battler and Doraemon video games, Aquabeads, and the Sylvanian Families series of toys. Its current Representative President is Michihiro Maeda.

They also made Japan's first successful programmable console video game system, the Cassette Vision, in 1981.
Michael Pangrazio
Michael Pangrazio (born 20th century), commonly credited as Mike Pangrazio, is an American art director in the feature-film industry, known for his matte-painting work on 1981 Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and The Empire Strikes Back (1980).

As a traditional and digital matte artist, he has created some of the most famous matte paintings in movie history. His best known painting is the Raiders of the Lost Ark warehouse interior set-extension at the end of the movie.

Matte painting
A matte painting is a painted representation of a landscape, set, or distant location that allows filmmakers to create the illusion of an environment that is not present at the filming location. Historically, matte painters and film technicians have used various techniques to combine a matte-painted image with live-action footage (compositing). At its best, depending on the skill levels of the artists and technicians, the effect is seamless and creates environments that would otherwise be impossible or expensive to film. In the scenes, the painting part is static while movements are integrated on it.
A. G. Hopkins
Antony Gerald Hopkins, FBA (born 21 February 1938) is a British historian specialising in the economic history of Africa, European colonialism, and globalisation. He is Emeritus Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History at the University of Cambridge, an Emeritus Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge and a fellow of the British Academy.

Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History
The Smuts Professorship of Commonwealth History was established on 25 October 1952 as the Smuts Professorship of the History of the British Commonwealth; it was retitled in 1994. The professorship is assigned to the Faculty of History at the University of Cambridge.