hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Discovered attack
In chess, a discovered attack is a direct attack revealed when one piece moves out of the way of another. Discovered attacks can be extremely powerful, as the piece moved can make a threat independently of the piece it reveals.  Like many chess tactics, they often succeed because the opponent would be unable to meet two threats at once unless one of the attacked pieces can simultaneously move away from its own attack and either capture the other attacking piece or else pose a threat serious enough to buy a tempo.  While typically the consequence of a discovered attack is the gain of material, it does not have to do this to be effective; the tactic itself can be used merely to gain a tempo.  If the discovered attack is a check, it is called a discovered check.

Check (chess)
In chess and similar games, check is a condition that occurs when a player's king is under immediate threat of capture on the very next turn. A king so threatened is said to be in check, and the attacker traditionally warns their opponent by saying the word "check". A player must get out of check if possible by moving the king to an unattacked square, interposing a piece between the threatening piece and the king, or capturing the threatening piece. If the player cannot remove the check by any of these options, or if using any of these options would result in the player being in check by another piece, the game ends in checkmate and the player loses. Players cannot make any move that puts their own king in check.
Uppspretta
Uppspretta is the name of a Toyist artwork situated in the Icelandic town of Keflavík. In 2013, a neglected water tower being nine meters in height and thirty-six meters in circumference, was transformed into an object of art. The painting shows the story of a puffin named Uppspretta.

This largest artistic wall painting of Iceland was officially opened by mayor Árni Sigfússon of Reykjanesbær on 6 September 2013. It is situated in a popular recreation area of  Keflavík.

Toyism
Toyism is the latest contemporary art movement that originated in the 1990s in Emmen, Netherlands. The word symbolises the playful character of the artworks and the philosophy behind it. The suffix ism refers to motion or movements that exist in both the world of art and religion. Nevertheless, the game of Toyism is a serious matter that shows a new, critical and sensitive perspective on our present-day world.
Piotr Mieszkowski (Junior)
Piotr Mieszkowski, Junior (Polish: Piotr Mieszkowski, młodszy) (1630–1696) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Włocławek (1678–1696) and Titular Bishop of Marocco o Marruecos (1678–1696).

Diocese of Włocławek
The Diocese of Włocławek (Latin: Dioecesis Vladislaviensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Poland. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Gniezno. Until the 20th century, it was known as the Diocese of Kujawy.

The bishops' seat is Włocławek Cathedral, also a minor basilica: Bazylika Katedralna Wniebowzięcia NMP in the city of Włocławek, in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. The diocese has two more Minor Basilicas:

Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń (Polish: Bazylika MB Bolesnej Królowej Polski), in Licheń Stary, Wielkopolskie

Bazylika Wniebowzięcia NMP, in Zduńska Wola, Łódzkie.

The diocese is currently headed by Bishop Krzysztof Jakub Wętkowski, appointed in 2021.
Tony Tan Caktiong
Tony Tan Caktiong, CM (simplified Chinese: 陈觉中; traditional Chinese: 陳覺中; pinyin: Chén Juézhōng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Kak-tiong; born January 5, 1953) is a Filipino businessman and investor. He is the founder and chairman of Jollibee Foods Corporation, and the co-chairman of DoubleDragon Properties. Forbes listed him as the fifth richest person in the Philippines in 2023, with an estimated net worth of  US$3.2 billion.

Jollibee Group
Jollibee Foods Corporation (JFC), doing business as Jollibee Group, is a Philippine multinational company headquartered in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. JFC is the owner of the fast food brand Jollibee.

With the success of its flagship brand, JFC acquired some of its competitors in the fast food business in the Philippines and abroad such as Chowking, Greenwich, Red Ribbon, and Mang Inasal. As of September 2025, Jollibee Group's total store network has reached 10,304 stores composed of 3,445 branches in the Philippines and 6,859 locations worldwide bringing in a net income of P8.65 billion for the first 9 months of 2025.
Phil Lloyd (actor)
Phil Lloyd is an Australian actor and scriptwriter and partner in the production company Jungleboys. He is best known for his acting role as Myles Barlow in the Australian TV series, Review with Myles Barlow (2008) and the comedy series At Home with Julia, where he played Tim Mathieson, the partner of prime minister Julia Gillard.

Jungle Entertainment
Jungle Entertainment (formerly known as Jungleboys), is a production company owned by Executive Producer Jason Burrows, Writer/Director Trent O'Donnell, Writer/Performer Phil Lloyd and Head of Production Chloe Rickard. The Sydney-based company produces television programs in Australia and the US, specializing in comedy and drama. Logos: Wonderland Sound and Vision Fabrik Entertainment Touchstone Television
Shitty Media Men
Shitty Media Men was a crowdsourced Google spreadsheet created in October 2017 that collected allegations and rumors of sexual misconduct by about 70 men in the media industry, particularly in New York City. Moira Donegan, a former assistant editor at The New Republic, initially began the spreadsheet online anonymously.

In October 2018, writer Stephen Elliott sued Donegan for defamation over his inclusion in the list. The lawsuit was settled in March 2023, with Elliott receiving a six-figure settlement from Donegan.

Stephen Elliott (author)
Stephen Elliott (born December 3, 1971) is an American writer, editor, and filmmaker who has written and published seven books and directed two films. He is the founder and former Editor-in-Chief of the online literary magazine The Rumpus. In December 2014, he became senior editor at Epic Magazine.
Janika ter Ellen
Janika ter Ellen is a New Zealand television broadcaster who was previously a news anchor for the Sky TV owned News show, Prime News, which broadcast on Sky Channel 004 and Freeview Channel 10. She has also previously worked across The Paul Henry Show, Firstline, 3 News' 6pm bulletin, and Nightline, covering everything from the Scott Guy trial to New Zealand Fashion Week, being a reporter for the past three years for 3 News before joining The Paul Henry Show lineup as the news presenter.

She is married to Ross Karl, rugby reporter for the now-defunct Newshub.

Newshub
Newshub (stylised as Newshub.) is a New Zealand news service that operated from 1989 to 2024 and served as the local news division of Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand until its closure. The division, known as 3 News until 2016, had produced news bulletins and current affairs programming for the television channel Three from its inception. It also operated a news website and on radio stations run by MediaWorks between 2016 and 2021.

The Newshub brand was launched in February 2016 as part of the division's transition to digital journalism. MediaWorks sold Three and Newshub to US multimedia company Discovery, Inc., with the acquisition completed in December 2020.

On 28 February 2024, it was announced that Newshub would shut down on 5 July 2024. On 10 April 2024, the closure was confirmed by Warner Bros. Discovery, with Newshub winding down on 5 July 2024. Media company Stuff was commissioned to produce a new nightly bulletin, named ThreeNews.
Louis-Thomas Chabert de Joncaire
Louis-Thomas Chabert de Joncaire (French pronunciation: [lwi tɔma ʃabɛʁ də ʒɔ̃kɛʁ]; 1670 – June 29, 1739), also known as Sononchiez by the Iroquois, was a French army officer and interpreter for New France who worked with the Iroquois tribes during the French and Indian Wars in the early 18th century. He helped negotiate the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701 and founded Fort Niagara in 1720.

Daniel-Marie Chabert de Joncaire de Clausonne
Daniel-Marie Chabert de Joncaire de Clausonne (c. 1714 – 1771) was a French army officer and interpreter in New France who established Fort du Portage near Niagara Falls and fought in the French and Indian War.
Dacait
Dacait (transl.  Dacoit) is a 1987 Indian epic dacoit film, produced and directed by Rahul Rawail. The movie stars Sunny Deol, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Urmila Matondkar, Rakhee Gulzar, Shafi Inamdar, Suresh Oberoi, Paresh Rawal and Raza Murad.

The story of the film was written by Javed Akhtar and the music was composed by R.D. Burman. The film was a 'hit' upon release.

Dacoity
Dacoity is a term used for "banditry" in the Indian subcontinent. The spelling is the anglicised version of the Hindi word ḍākū; "dacoit" /dəˈkɔɪt/ is a colloquial Indian English word with the meaning "a robber belonging to an armed gang". It appears in the Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases (1903). Banditry is a criminal activity involving robbery by groups of armed bandits. The East India Company established the Thuggee and Dacoity Department in 1830, and the Thuggee and Dacoity Suppression Acts, 1836–1848 were enacted in British India under East India Company rule.  Areas with ravines or forests, such as Chambal and Chilapata Forests, were once known for dacoits.
Johnny Clegg
Jonathan Paul Clegg, OBE OIS (7 June 1953 – 16 July 2019) was a British-born South African musician, singer-songwriter, dancer, anthropologist and anti-apartheid activist.

He first performed as part of a duo - Johnny & Sipho - with Sipho Mchunu which released its first single, "Woza Friday" in 1976. The two then went on to form the band Juluka which released its debut album in 1979. In 1986, Clegg founded the band Savuka, and also recorded as a solo act, occasionally reuniting with his earlier band partners. Sometimes called Le Zoulou Blanc (French: [lə zulu blɑ̃], for "The White Zulu"), he was an important figure in South African popular music and a prominent white figure in the resistance to apartheid, becoming for a period the subject of investigation by the security branch of the South African Police. His songs mixed English with Zulu lyrics, and also combined working class African music with various forms of Western popular music.

Juluka
Juluka was a South African band formed by Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu. Juluka means "sweat" in Zulu, and was the name of a bull owned by Mchunu. The band was closely associated with the mass movement against apartheid.
Seat Pleasant, Maryland
Seat Pleasant is an incorporated city in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located immediately east of Washington D.C.. Per the 2020 census, the population was 4,522. Two state highways pass through the community — Maryland routes 704 (now called Martin Luther King Jr. Highway and previously named George Palmer Highway in honor of banker and community leader George Palmer) and 214 (Central Avenue). The Washington Metro's Blue and Silver Lines are nearby. The Washington Commanders' stadium is east of Seat Pleasant, near the Capital Beltway (I-95/495).

Maryland Route 704
Maryland Route 704 (MD 704) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Martin Luther King Jr. Highway, the highway runs 6.53 miles (10.51 km) from Eastern Avenue at the District of Columbia boundary in Seat Pleasant east to MD 450 in Lanham. MD 704 is a four- to six-lane divided highway that connects the northern Prince George's County communities of Seat Pleasant, Landover, Glenarden, and Lanham. The highway was constructed along the right of way of the abandoned Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railway (WB&A) in the early 1940s. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, MD 704 served as a temporary routing of U.S. Route 50 (US 50) while the U.S. Highway's freeway was under construction from Washington to Lanham. The route was expanded to a divided highway between Seat Pleasant and US 50 in the late 1960s and early 1970s. MD 704 was completed as a divided highway when the portion east of US 50 was expanded in the late 1990s.
The Art of Sin
The Art of Sin (Arabic: فن الخطيئة) is a 2020 Norwegian-Sudanese documentary film written and directed by Ibrahim Mursal. It is a portrait of the artist and LGBT activist Ahmed Umar, who campaigns for gay visibility and seeks new forms of expression for their Sudanese-Norwegian identity.

Ibrahim Mursal
Ibrahim Mursal Warsame (Arabic: إبراهيم مُرسال, born 1990 ) is a Norwegian film director of Sudanese and Somali origins. He is known for writing and directing The Art of Sin, a documentary about openly gay Sudanese artist Ahmed Umar.
Lacrimal artery
The lacrimal artery is an artery of the orbit. It is a branch of the ophthalmic artery. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the lateral rectus muscle, travelling forward to reach the lacrimal gland. It supplies the lacrimal gland, as well as two rectus muscles of the eye, the eyelids, and the conjunctiva.

Ophthalmic artery
The ophthalmic artery (OA) is an artery of the head. It is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the ophthalmic artery supply all the structures in the orbit around the eye, as well as some structures in the nose, face, and meninges. Occlusion of the ophthalmic artery or its branches can produce sight-threatening conditions.
Clovelly Lifeboat Station
Clovelly Lifeboat Station, serving the North Devon village of Clovelly and surrounding coastal waters, is run by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). It was established in 1870. The station is flanked by Appledore to the northeast and Bude to the southwest.

Appledore Lifeboat Station
Appledore Lifeboat Station is the base for Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) search and rescue operations at Appledore, Devon, England. The first lifeboat was stationed in the town in 1825 and the present station was opened in 2001. It operates a Tamar-class all-weather boat (ALB) and an Atlantic 85 B Class inshore lifeboat (ILB).
Nellie's Tree
Nellie's Tree (also known as the Love Tree) near Aberford, West Yorkshire is a group of three beech trees that have been grafted together in the shape of a letter "N".  This arrangement of the trees is a result of a local man trying to impress his girlfriend Nellie around 1920.  It has since become locally famous and is the site of numerous marriage proposals.  The trees won the 2018 English and British Tree of the Year awards and came ninth in the 2019 European Tree of the Year awards.

Tree of the Year (United Kingdom)
The Tree of the Year competition is held in the United Kingdom in autumn each year by the Woodland Trust, a nationwide conservation charity. Nominated trees are shortlisted by a panel of experts, before going to public votes to select a tree of the year for each of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom. The panel then selects one of these to become Britain's tree of the year and be nominated for the following year's European Tree of the Year. The competition has been run each year since 2014.
Heart valve
A heart valve (cardiac valve) is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side.

The mammalian heart has two atrioventricular valves separating the upper atria from the lower ventricles: the mitral valve in the left heart, and the tricuspid valve in the right heart. The two semilunar valves are at the entrance of the arteries leaving the heart. These are the aortic valve at the aorta, and the pulmonary valve at the pulmonary artery.

The heart also has a coronary sinus valve and an inferior vena cava valve, not discussed here.

Aorta
The aorta (/eɪˈɔːrtə/ ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation.
Rocket & Groot
Rocket & Groot is a short-lived American animated television series based on comics published by Marvel Comics. The series features the characters Rocket Raccoon and Groot. It premiered on April 10, 2017, on Disney XD.

Rocket Raccoon
Rocket Raccoon is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Keith Giffen, the character first appeared in Marvel Preview #7 (July 1976). He is an intelligent anthropomorphic raccoon who is an expert marksman, weapon specialist, and master tactician. His name and aspects of his character were inspired by the Beatles' 1968 song "Rocky Raccoon". Rocket Raccoon appeared as a prominent member in the 2008 relaunch of the superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy.

The character has appeared in several media adaptations as a member of that team, including animated television series, toys, and video games. Bradley Cooper voices Rocket in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Thor: Love and Thunder, The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (both 2022), and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (2023).
Zuhayr ibn Qays
Zuhayr ibn Qays al-Balawī (Arabic: زهير بن قيس البلوي; died 688) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and an Arab commander who fought in the service of the Rashidun, Umayyad and Zubayrid caliphs. He played a key role in the early Muslim conquests of Egypt, Barqa (Cyrenaica) and Ifriqiya. When the latter province fell to a Byzantine–Berber alliance in 682, Zuhayr was given command of the army to restore Arab rule. During that campaign, he temporarily retook Kairouan, the Arabs' capital in Ifriqiya, and killed the Berber chief Kasila, but was slain by Byzantine raiders on his way back to Barqa.

Kusaila
Kusaila ibn Malzam (Arabic: كسيلة بن ملزم), also known as Aksel, was a 7th-century Berber Christian ruler of the kingdom of Altava and leader of the Awraba tribe, a Christianised sedentary Berber tribe of the Aures and possibly Christian king of the Sanhaja. Under his rule his domain stretched from Volubilis in the west to the Aurès in the east and later Kairouan and the interior of Ifriqiya. Kusaila is mostly known for leading Berber forces against the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 680s. He was ultimately defeated and killed in the battle of Mamma in 688.
Steve Kragthorpe
Steven Jon Kragthorpe (April 28, 1965 – August 4, 2024) was an American college football head coach. He served as the head coach for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane from 2003 through 2006 and the Louisville Cardinals from 2007 to 2009. After his head coaching career he was an administrative assistant for the Louisiana State University football program after previously serving as quarterbacks coach for the Tigers football team.

Tulsa Golden Hurricane football
The Tulsa Golden Hurricane football program represents the University of Tulsa in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level.  Tulsa has competed in the American Athletic Conference (The American) since the 2014 season and was previously a member of Conference USA (C-USA). The team is led by head coach Tre Lamb. Tulsa plays its home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  The University of Tulsa has the smallest undergraduate enrollment of all schools that participate at the FBS level.
2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike
The 2020 Bath shipbuilders strike was a labor strike involving shipbuilders at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, United States. The strike, which started June 22, involved 4,300 members of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers. The strike ended on August 23 with the approval of a new labor contract.

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an AFL–CIO/CLC trade union representing over 600,000 workers as of 2024 in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada.
Lower Ninth Ward
The Lower Ninth Ward is a neighborhood in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. As the name implies, it is part of the 9th Ward of New Orleans.  The Lower Ninth Ward is often thought of as the entire area within New Orleans downriver of the Industrial Canal; however, the City Planning Commission divides this area into the Lower Ninth Ward and Holy Cross neighborhoods.

The term "Lower" refers to its location farther towards the mouth of the Mississippi River, downriver, "down" or "below" the rest of the city. The 9th Ward, like all wards of New Orleans, is a voting district. The 9th Ward was added as a voting district in 1852. The Lower 9th Ward is composed of Ward 9 Districts 1, 2, 4, and 7 which make up the Holy Cross Area and Ward 9 Districts 3, 5, 6, and 8. Higher voting district numbers in the 9th Ward (8–27) are on the upriver side of the Industrial Canal. The area came to international attention for its devastation in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

Holy Cross, New Orleans
Holy Cross is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans. A subdistrict of the Lower Ninth Ward District Area, its boundaries as defined by the City Planning Commission are: St. Claude Avenue to the north, St. Bernard Parish to the east, the Mississippi River to the south and the Industrial Canal to the west.
Tushino Airfield
Tushino (Russian: Тушино) (ICAO: UUUS) was a former general aviation airfield located in Tushino, northwest Moscow, Russia. During the Cold War, this was the site of military exercises showcasing the latest in Soviet innovation. These exercises were held on Soviet Air Fleet Day. Nowadays, the grounds are the site of the Otkritie Arena, the home of FC Spartak Moscow, one of Russia's leading football clubs.

Lukoil Arena
Lukoil Arena (Russian: Лукойл Арена), former Otkritie Bank Arena (Russian: Открытие Банк Арена) and Otkritie Arena (Russian: Открытие Банк Арена), also known as Spartak Stadium (Russian: Стадион Спартак) (the stadium's official name during the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2018 FIFA World Cup), is a multi-purpose stadium north-west of Moscow, Russia. The venue is used mostly for football matches, hosting the home matches of Spartak Moscow.

The stadium is designed with a capacity of 45,360 people. It has been used for select matches of Russian national football team.
Treaty of Purandar (1665)
The Treaty of Purandar was signed on 11 June 1665, between Mirza Raja Jai Singh I, commander of the Mughal Empire, and Shivaji. Shivaji  was forced to sign the agreement after Jai Singh besieged Purandar fort.

Purandar Fort
Purandar Fort is a mountain fort in Pune district in the Western Indian state of Maharashtra, India. The fort stands at 1,374 metres (4,508 ft) above sea level in the Western Ghats, 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the southeast of Pune.

The twin forts of Purandar (or Indraneel Parwat) and Vajragad (or Rudramal) of which the latter is the smaller of the two, is located on the eastern side of the main fort rising 1,347 metres (4,419 ft) above sea level. The village of Purandar takes its name from this fort. It is the birthplace of  Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj.