hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Johnstone Ritchie
Sir William Johnstone Ritchie (October 28, 1813 – September 25, 1892) was a Canadian judge who was the second Chief Justice of Canada from 1879 to 1892. He was one of the first judges appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, and the second-longest serving chief justice of the court after Beverley McLachlin.

The Supreme Court under Ritchie continued to face many of the same criticisms as its predecessor, the Richards Court, including the concerns about the conduct of its justices, the excessive length and lack of clarity in its decisions, and significant delays in the publication of those decisions.

Ritchie Court
The Ritchie Court was the period in the history of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1879 to 1892, during which William Johnstone Ritchie served as Chief Justice of Canada. Ritchie succeeded William Buell Richards as Chief Justice after the latter's resignation, and held the position until his death on September 25, 1892.

The Ritchie Court, much like all iterations of the Supreme Court prior to 1949, was largely overshadowed by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council served as the highest court of appeal in Canada, and its decisions on Canadian appeals were binding on all Canadian courts.

The Ritchie Court continued to face many of the same criticisms as its predecessor, the Richards Court, including the concerns about the conduct of its justices, the excessive length and lack of clarity in its decisions, and significant delays in the publication of those decisions.
Apollo Perelini
Apollo Perelini (born 16 July 1969) is a former dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s, and has coached in the 2000s and 2010s.

He played representative rugby union (RU) for New Zealand Under-21s, Samoa and World XV and at club level for Auckland, North Harbour and Sale Sharks, and representative rugby league (RL) for Western Samoa and at club level for St Helens, as a prop or second-row.

Samoa national rugby league team
The Samoa national rugby league team represents Samoa in rugby league football and has participated in international competition since 1986. Known as Western Samoa before 1997, the team is administered by Rugby League Samoa and are nicknamed Toa Samoa (English: Samoan Warriors).
Harib Abdalla
Hareb Abdalla Suhail Al-Maazmi (Arabic: حارب عبدالله سهيل; born 26 November 2002) is an Emirati professional footballer who plays as a winger or an attacking midfielder for Sharjah and the United Arab Emirates national football team. He is the son of former footballer, Abdullah Suhail.

United Arab Emirates national football team
The United Arab Emirates national football team (Arabic: منتخب الإمَارَاتُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ الْمُتَّحِدَة لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents United Arab Emirates in men's international football and serves under the auspices of the country's Football Association.

It has made one FIFA World Cup appearance in 1990 in Italy and lost all three of its games. United Arab Emirates took fourth place in the 1992 AFC Asian Cup and runner-up in 1996 as host. It won the Arabian Gulf Cup in 2007 and 2013. It finished third in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup and hosted the 2019 edition in which it was eliminated in the semi-finals.
M0NESY
Ilya Vyacheslavovich Osipov (Russian: Илья́ Вячесла́вович О́сипов, born May 1, 2005), better known as m0NESY, is a Russian professional Counter-Strike 2 player for Team Falcons.

He is widely recognized for his exceptional skills and is considered one of the top young talents in the Counter-Strike scene. m0NESY was ranked as the 7th best player of 2022, the 4th best player of 2023, and the 2nd best player of 2024 by HLTV. He also is the 2nd youngest player to be named an HLTV MVP at a "Big Event" (17 years, 7 months, 18 days), and the 3rd youngest player overall to receive an HLTV MVP award at the same age.

In 2022, m0NESY was awarded Rookie of the Year and Highlight of the Year by HLTV, as well as Esports PC Rookie of the Year by the Esports Awards. He was named the HLTV MVP of the BLAST Premier: World Final 2022.

Team Falcons
Team Falcons (formerly Falcons Esports) is a Saudi esports organization. Founded in 2017, the organization fields rosters in multiple esports. The organization has garnered a reputation for pursuing high-profile players and coaches, successfully constructing "superteams" in the process. They were the winners of the Esports World Cup Club Championship in 2024 and 2025.
Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy
The Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) was an astronomical instrument comprising 23 radio telescopes, dedicated in 2006.  These telescopes formed an astronomical interferometer where all the signals are combined in a purpose-built computer (a correlator) to produce high-resolution astronomical images. The telescopes ceased operation in April 2015 and were relocated to the Owens Valley Radio Observatory for storage.

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array in Chile has succeeded CARMA as the most powerful millimeter wave interferometer in the world.

Owens Valley Radio Observatory
Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) is a radio astronomy observatory located near Big Pine, California (US) in Owens Valley. It lies east of the Sierra Nevada, approximately 350 kilometers (220 miles) north of Los Angeles and 20 kilometers (12 miles) southeast of Bishop. It was established in 1956, and is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Owens Valley Solar Array portion of the observatory has been operated by New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) since 1997.

One of the ten dish-antenna radiotelescope systems of the Very Long Baseline Array is located on a sublease within the Owens Valley observatory.
Futabatei Shimei
Futabatei Shimei (二葉亭 四迷; 4 April 1864 – 10 May 1909) was a Japanese writer, translator, and literary critic. His writings are in the realist style popular in the mid to late 19th century. His work The Drifting Cloud (Ukigumo, 1887) is widely regarded as Japan's first modern novel.

Ukigumo (novel)
Ukigumo (Japanese: 浮雲; lit. "Drifting Cloud") is an 1887 Japanese novel by Shimei Futabatei. Published in three parts (with the last one in serialised form) between June 1887 and August 1889, it is frequently referred to as the first modern Japanese novel.
Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley
The Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley is a metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England; the main settlement is Barnsley and other notable towns include Wombwell, Worsbrough, Penistone, Hoyland and the Dearne Towns.

The borough is bisected by the M1 motorway; it is rural to the west, and largely urban/industrial to the east. It is estimated that around 16% of the borough is classed as urban overall, with this area being home to the vast majority of its residents. Additionally, 68% of Barnsley's 32,863 hectares is green belt and 9% is national park land, the majority of which is west of the M1. In 2007, it was estimated that Barnsley had 224,600 residents, measured at the 2011 census as 231,221.

The neighbouring districts are Doncaster, Rotherham, Sheffield, High Peak, Kirklees and Wakefield.

Barnsley
Barnsley (/ˈbɑːrnzli/ ⓘ) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 71,422 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census.

Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is located on the M1 corridor between the cities of Sheffield to the south and Wakefield to the north. Doncaster is to the east, Huddersfield to the north-west, and Manchester lies west across the Peak District to which it is connected to via the A628 road.

Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining, glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities.
HD 86081 b
HD 86081 b or Santamasa, meaning 'clouded' in Sanskrit, is a gas giant exoplanet that orbits close to its host star HD 86081 or Bibha, completing its orbit in only 2.1375 days. With such a short orbit it belongs to the class of exoplanets known as hot Jupiters. Like most Hot Jupiters, the orbit is nearly circular, with an eccentricity of 0.008.

HD 86081
HD 86081 is a yellow-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Sextans.
It has the proper name Bibhā, the Bengali form of a Sanskrit word meaning a bright beam of light. This name was suggested in the 2019 NameExoWorlds campaign.

With an apparent visual magnitude of 8.73, this star is too dim to be viewed with the naked eye but can be seen with a small telescope. It is located at a distance of approximately 340 light-years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +31 km/s.

There is a low-mass companion star at a projected separation of 280±30 au.
Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (28 September 1636 – 6 August 1689), was Duchess consort of Brunswick-Lüneburg by marriage to Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, the "Great Elector".

Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Christian Louis (German: Christian Ludwig; 25 February 1622 – 15 March 1665) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. A member of the House of Welf, from 1641 until 1648, he ruled the Principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the duchy, and, from 1648 until his death, the Principality of Lüneburg.
Radio Academy Awards
The Radio Academy Awards, started in 1983, were the most prestigious awards in the British radio industry. For most of their existence, they were run by ZAFER Associates, but in latter years were brought under the control of The Radio Academy.

The awards were generally referred to by the name of their first sponsor, Sony, as the Sony Awards, the Sony Radio Awards or other variations. In August 2013, Sony announced the end of its sponsorship agreement with the Radio Academy after 32 years. Consequently, the awards were simply named the Radio Academy Awards. In November 2014, it was announced that The Radio Academy would not be holding the awards in 2015, and would be looking for other ways to recognise achievement in the future.

The awards were relaunched in 2016 as the Audio & Radio Industry Awards (ARIAS).

Radio Academy
The Radio Academy is a registered charity dedicated to "the encouragement, recognition and promotion of excellence in UK broadcasting and audio production". It was formed in 1983 and is run via a board of trustees, with a chair and a deputy chair, and a managing director. Their responsibilities include designing, planning, and implementing projects and programmes.
Gary Farmer
Gary Dale Farmer (born June 12, 1953) is a Canadian First Nations (Cayuga) actor and musician. He is best known for his Independent Spirit Award-nominated roles in Powwow Highway (1989), Dead Man (1995) and Smoke Signals (1998). He briefly reprised his role as Nobody from Dead Man in Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999).

He is the founding director of an urban Indian radio network, Aboriginal Voices Radio Network.

Cayuga people
The Cayuga (Cayuga: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ, "People of the Great Swamp") are one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), a confederacy of Native Americans in New York.  The Cayuga homeland lies in the Finger Lakes region along Cayuga Lake, between their league neighbors, the Onondaga to the east and the Seneca to the west. Today, Cayuga people belong to the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, and the federally recognized Cayuga Nation of New York and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma.
Samu Aghehowa
Samuel "Samu" Omorodion Aghehowa (born 5 May 2004) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Primeira Liga club Porto and the Spain national team.

After coming through Granada's youth academy, Aghehowa began playing for the club's reserve team in 2022, being promoted to the first team in 2023. He subsequently signed with Atlético Madrid, being immediately loaned to La Liga club Alavés. In August 2024, Aghehowa joined Porto for a transfer fee of €15 million.

Eligible to play for Nigeria, Aghehowa represented Spain at various youth international levels. He won a gold medal with the Spain under-23 team at the 2024 Summer Olympics. He then made his senior international debut in 2024.

Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 24 July to 9 August 2024. It was the 28th edition of the men's Olympic football tournament. Together with the women's competition, the 2024 Summer Olympics football tournament was held at seven stadiums in seven cities in France. Teams participating in the men's competition were restricted to under-23 players (born on or after 1 January 2001) with a maximum of three overage players allowed.

Brazil were the two-time defending champions, having won in 2016 and 2020, but did not qualify for this tournament.

Spain won their second gold medal and first since 1992, defeating hosts France 5–3 after extra time in the final, held at Parc des Princes in Paris.
J. R. Richards
John Robert Richards, later Reid-Richards (born April 30, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and television and film composer. Prior to his 2008 departure, Richards was the original lead singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Dishwalla.

Dishwalla
Dishwalla is an American alternative rock band from Santa Barbara, California. Formed by vocalist J.R. Richards, guitarist Rodney Browning, and keyboardist Greg Kolanek, they were initially known as Life Talking and then Dish upon adding bassist Scot Alexander and drummer George Pendergast.

Due to a cease-and-desist letter, the band settled on Dishwalla in late 1993. The Dishwalla name came from a Hindi term for a person providing satellite TV to a neighborhood ("dish" + walla). Kolanek took the name from a Wired magazine article. The band is best known for its 1996 hit song "Counting Blue Cars".
Ostrog Monastery
The Ostrog Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Острог, romanized: Manastir Ostrog, pronounced [ǒstroɡ]) is a monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church situated against an almost vertical background, high up in the large rock of Ostroška Greda, in Montenegro. It is dedicated to Saint Basil of Ostrog (Sveti Vasilije Ostroški), who was buried here. From the monastery, the Bjelopavlići plain can be seen. The monastery is located in Danilovgrad Municipality, 50 km away from Podgorica and 15 km away from Nikšić. Ostrog monastery is the most popular pilgrimage place in Montenegro.

Basil of Ostrog
Basil of Ostrog (Serbian: Свети Василије Острошки, romanized: Sveti Vasilije Ostroški, pronounced [sʋê:ti ʋǎsiːlije ǒstroʃki]; 28 December 1610 – 29 April 1671), also known as Vasilije, was a Serbian Orthodox bishop of Zahumlje who is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
RFA Darkdale
RFA Darkdale was a Dale-class fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), launched on 23 July 1940 as Empire Oil, completed in November 1940 and transferred to the RFA as Darkdale. She was sunk during the Second World War on 22 October 1941 by the German submarine U-68. Her wreck in James Bay off Jamestown, Saint Helena continued to leak oil, posing a potential environmental threat to the coastal waters of Saint Helena, until Ministry of Defence divers drained the ship's tanks in 2015.

German submarine U-68 (1940)
German submarine U-68 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 20 April 1940 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard at Bremen as yard number 987, launched on 22 October and commissioned on 1 January 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Karl-Friedrich Merten as part of 2nd U-boat Flotilla.

U-68 conducted ten combat patrols, sinking 32 merchant ships, for a total of 197,453 gross register tons (GRT); she also sank one auxiliary warship of 545 GRT. She was a member of one wolfpack.

On 10 April 1944, during her tenth patrol, she was sunk northwest of Madeira by US aircraft from the escort carrier Guadalcanal.
Lutgardis of Luxembourg
Lutgardis of Luxembourg, also known as Liutgardis, Liutgarde and Lutgard, (c. 955 – ca. 1005 or possibly later) was a countess consort of Holland by marriage to Arnulf, Count of Holland. 
She was the regent of Holland from 993 until 1005 during the minority of her son Dirk III of Holland.

Arnulf, Count of Holland
Arnulf, also known as Arnoud or Arnold, succeeded his father in 988 as Count of Frisia, which by around AD 1100 would come to be referred to as the county of Holland. He was born in 951 in Ghent and because of this he is also known as Arnulf of Ghent. Arnulf was the son of Dirk II, Count of Holland and Hildegard of Flanders (daughter of count Arnulf I). He was named after his maternal grandfather.
Paul Nassif
Paul Sabin Nassif (born June 6, 1962) is an American otolaryngologist (ENT) and facial plastic surgeon, and a television personality. Nassif is a member of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Nassif is best known for co-hosting the E! reality series Botched with Terry Dubrow. The plastic surgery-themed show premiered on June 24, 2014, and has aired for eight seasons (as of 2024), and its spin-off series Botched by Nature, starring both Dubrow and Nassif, aired in 2016. He has also appeared on E!'s Dr. 90210, and the first three seasons of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, on which his ex-wife Adrienne Maloof was a main cast member.

Adrienne Maloof
Adrienne Maloof (born September 4, 1961) is an American businesswoman, television personality, shoe designer, and co-owner of the various business holdings of Maloof Companies, which include a stake in the Vegas Golden Knights (NHL), The Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada; Maloof Productions, Maloof Music and the retired Maloof Money Cup skateboarding event.
FIFA Champions Badge
The FIFA Champions Badge is a kit emblem in the shape of a gold and white shield, awarded by FIFA to the reigning world champions of FIFA competitions, both at national team level (e.g. World Cup, Women's World Cup, Futsal World Cup and Beach Soccer World Cup) and at club team level (e.g. Club World Cup, Intercontinental Cup and Women's Champions Cup).

FIFA owns, produces and licenses the physical badge, which may only be worn on the first-team kits of the reigning title holders and is therefore considered a temporary honour that expires when a new winner is crowned. The badge cannot be used on replica kits or training apparel. The first badge was awarded in February 2008 to Milan, who were the reigning 2007 FIFA Club World Cup champions at the time.

FIFA Women's Champions Cup
The FIFA Women's Champions Cup is an international women's football competition organized by FIFA. First held in 2026, the tournament features the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, competing annually—except in years when the quadrennial FIFA Women's Club World Cup is held—to determine the world's premier women's club team.
Music of Algeria
Algerian music is virtually synonymous with Raï among foreigners; the musical genre has achieved great popularity in North Africa and Europe, especially Morocco, Tunisia, France, and Spain, among others. For several centuries, Algerian music was dominated by styles inherited from Al-Andalus, eventually forming a unique North African twist on these poetic forms. Algerian music came to include suites called nuubaat (singular nuuba).  Later derivatives include rabaab and hawzii.

Raï
Raï (/raɪ.i/, /raɪ/; Arabic: راي, rāʾy, [raʔi]), sometimes written rai, is a form of Algerian folk music that dates back to the 1920s. Singers of Raï are called cheb (شاب) or cheba (شابة), i.e. 'young', as opposed to sheikh (شيخ, 'shaykh'), i.e. 'old', the name given to Chaabi singers. The tradition arose in the city of Oran, primarily among the poor. Traditionally sung by men, by the end of the 20th century, female singers became common. The lyrics have concerned social issues such as disease and the policing of European colonies that affected native populations.
VF-111
Fighter Squadron 111 (VF-111), also known as the Sundowners, was a fighter squadron of the United States Navy. Originally established as Fighter Squadron 11 (VF-11) on 10 October 1942, it was redesignated as VF-11A on 15 November 1946, redesignated as VF-111 on 15 July 1948 and disestablished on 19 January 1959. On 20 January, another squadron, VF-111 (1956-95) then assumed the designation until its de-establishment in 1995. In November 2006, VFC-13 Detachment Key West was redesignated as VFC-111, taking on the Sundowner insignia and callsign.

VF-111 (1956–1995)
Fighter Squadron 111 (VF-111), also known as the Sundowners, was a fighter squadron of the United States Navy. Originally established as Attack Squadron 156 (VA-156) on 4 June 1955, it was redesignated VF-111 on 20 January 1959, the day after the original VF-111 was disestablished. The squadron was redesignated VF-26 on 1 September 1964, redesignated as VF-111 on 17 September 1964 and disestablished on 31 March 1995.
NZ Bus
NZ Bus was a New Zealand bus company, operating in Auckland, Tauranga and Wellington. Originally a subsidiary of Stagecoach Group, and formerly Infratil and Next Capital, as of 2022 it is owned and operated by Kinetic Group. It was merged with Kinetic's other NZ subsidiary, Go Bus Transport, in 2023 to create Kinetic Urban NZ.

Infratil
Infratil Limited is a New Zealand–based infrastructure investment company. It owns renewable energy, digital infrastructure, airports, and healthcare assets with operations in New Zealand, Australia, Asia, the US and Europe. Infratil was founded by the late Lloyd Morrison, a Wellington-based merchant banker. Morrison's company, Morrison & Co is responsible for Infratil's management and administration.
Nonualco F.C.
Nonualco Futbol Clube is a Salvadoran professional football club based in San Pedro Nonualco, La Paz Department, El Salvador.

The club currently plays in the Tercera Division de Fútbol Salvadoreño after purchasing a spot.

Tercera División de El Salvador
The  Tercera División de El Salvador, commonly known as Tercera División, and officially known as Electrolit Tercera División for sponsorship reasons, is the men's third professional association football division of the Salvadoran football league system. Administered by Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional, it is contested by 40 teams, with the top two teams plus the winner of a play-off promoted to Segunda division and replaced by the three lowest-placed teams in that division.