hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
Al-Hakim Abu al-Qasim Ishaq al-Samarqandi (Arabic: الحكيم أبو القاسم إسحاق السمرقندي), was a Sunni-Hanafi scholar, qadi (judge), and sage from Transoxania who studied Sufism in Balkh with Abu Bakr al-Warraq. Some sources describe him as a student of al-Maturidi (d. 333/944-45) in fiqh and kalam.

He was proficient in kalam and authored a Hanafi creedal statement that insists on the need for obedience to any duly appointed ruler. The creed criticizes the harsh asceticism of the Karramiyya and accepts traditional views of saintly marvels (karamat).

Abu al-Qasim's life marked a turning-point in the formation of the ascetic doctrines and teachings of Hanafi Sunnis in the east, and his al-Sawad al-A'zam (Arabic: السواد الأعظم) was for a long time a major reference source on doctrine for many Hanafis-Maturidis. Although it is not yet clear whether al-Hakim was a disciple of al-Maturidi, or whether his handbook was a mere traditional document on Hanafite doctrine.

Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (Arabic: أبو منصور الماتريدي, romanized: Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī; 853–944) was a Hanafi jurist and theologian who is the eponym of the Maturidi school of kalam in Sunnism. He got his nisba from Māturīd, a district in Samarkand. His works include Tafsir al-Maturidi, a classic exegesis of the Qur'an, and Kitab al-Tawhid.

His doctrinal school remains amongst the three main schools of theology alongside Ash'arism and Atharism.
Marsden, Saskatchewan
Marsden (2016 population: 297) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Manitou Lake No. 442 and Census Division No. 13. It gained notoriety shortly after the impact of the Buzzard Coulee meteorite near the village on 20 November 2008.

Marsden is located along Highway 40, just east of Wells Lake, and about 4 miles north-west of Manitou Lake.

The village was named after Marsden, West Yorkshire in England. That was the birthplace of the wife of Alex F. Wright, the first postmaster.

Manitou Lake (Saskatchewan)
Manitou Lake is a salt lake located mostly in the RM of Manitou Lake No. 422 in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the provincial border with Alberta. The eastern shore of the lake is in the RM of Hillsdale No. 440. Manitou Lake is located in a region called the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, which extends throughout three Canadian provinces and five U.S. states. It is also within Palliser's Triangle and the Great Plains ecoregion. Manitou Lake is part of an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada that covers 699.66 km2 (270.14 sq mi) of land and several neighbouring lakes.

Due to the lake being endorheic and quite salty, there are no fish in it. Manitou Island in the centre of the lake is now connected to the southern shore as the water level has lowered.
Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan
Zain ud-Din Khan, also known as Mirza Muhammad Hashim, was an aristocrat from the Nawab of Bengal family and the father of Siraj ud-Daulah, khan the last independent Nawab of Bengal. He served as the governor of Bihar under Nawab Alivardi Khan.

Alivardi Khan
Alivardi Khan (1676 – 9 April 1756) was the fourth Nawab of Bengal from 1740 to 1756. He toppled the Nasiri dynasty of Nawabs by defeating Sarfaraz Khan in 1740 and assumed power himself.

During much of his reign Alivardi encountered frequent Maratha raids under Raghuji Bhonsle, culminating in the surrender of the province of Orissa in a peace settlement in 1751. He also faced separatist rebellions in Bihar as well as a revolt from his grandson Siraj ud-Daulah, though these were suppressed.

Alivardi spent the latter part of his reign rebuilding Bengal. He was a patron of the arts and resumed the policies of Murshid Quli Khan. He maintained a politically neutral stance with the European powers in the subcontinent and prevented any infighting amongst them in his dominions. He was succeeded by Siraj ud-Daulah in 1756.
Gordon Goodwin
Gordon Louis Goodwin (December 30, 1954 – December 8, 2025) was an American pianist, saxophonist, composer, arranger and conductor. He was the leader of Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band. He won three Daytime Emmy Awards, four Grammy Awards, and 25 Grammy nominations for his compositions and arrangements.

Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band
Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band, or simply The Big Phat Band, is an 18-piece jazz orchestra led by Gordon Goodwin (until his death in 2025) that combines the big band swing of the 1930s and 1940s with contemporary music such as funk and jazz fusion. Since its origin, the Big Phat Band has received several Grammy Awards and many Grammy nominations.

Its first album, Swingin' for the Fences, was the first recording released on DVD-Audio and the first DVD-Audio to be nominated for two Grammy Awards.

When he founded the Big Phat Band in 1999, Goodwin was working in Hollywood as a composer for Warner Brothers cartoons. His first attraction to big band music was at the age of 13 when he heard Count Basie.
Middle ear
The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear).

The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear.  The hollow space of the middle ear is also known as the tympanic cavity and is surrounded by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. The auditory tube (also known as the Eustachian tube or the pharyngotympanic tube) joins the tympanic cavity with the nasal cavity (nasopharynx), allowing pressure to equalize between the middle ear and throat.

The primary function of the middle ear is to efficiently transfer acoustic energy from compression waves in air to fluid–membrane waves within the cochlea.

Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:

The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The vestibular system, dedicated to balance.

The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.
Diocese of Shreveport
The Diocese of Shreveport (Latin: Dioecesis Sreveportuensis in Louisiana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church covering the parishes of northern Louisiana in the United States.

The Diocese of Shreveport is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The current bishop is Francis Malone.

Cathedral of St. John Berchmans (Shreveport, Louisiana)
The Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport, in Shreveport, Louisiana, United States. It is one of only eight parish churches in the world dedicated to the Jesuit Saint John Berchmans. In 2016, the cathedral acquired relics of the heart of St. John Berchmans from the Jesuit order in Belgium, displayed in a reliquary near the main altar.
Managed futures account
A managed futures account (MFA) or managed futures fund (MFF) is a type of alternative investment in the US in which trading in the futures markets is managed by another person or entity, rather than the fund's owner. Managed futures accounts include, but are not limited to, commodity pools. These funds are operated by commodity trading advisors (CTAs) or commodity pool operators (CPOs), who are generally regulated in the United States by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the National Futures Association. As of June 2016, the assets under management held by managed futures accounts totaled $340 billion.

Commodity trading advisor
A commodity trading advisor (CTA) is US financial regulatory term for an individual or organization who is retained by a fund or individual client to provide advice and services related to trading in futures contracts, commodity options and/or swaps. They are responsible for the trading within managed futures accounts. The definition of CTA may also apply to investment advisors for hedge funds and private funds including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds in certain cases. CTAs are generally regulated by the United States federal government through registration with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and membership of the National Futures Association (NFA).
SM Aura
SM Aura ([ˈaʊɾa]; formerly SM Aura Premier) is a large upscale shopping mall located at 26th Street corner McKinley Parkway, Bonifacio Global City, Barangay Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, Philippines, owned by SM Prime Holdings, the country's largest mall developer. It is the 13th SM Supermall in Metro Manila and 47th SM Prime mall in the Philippines. It was the 2nd SM Supermall under the "Premier" branding (now discontinued) after SM Lanang. The shopping center is situated near its rival mall Market! Market!, owned by Ayala Malls, a real estate subsidiary of Ayala Land, and affiliate of Ayala Corporation. It is designed by EDGE Interior Designers and Arquitectonica.

SM Prime
SM Prime Holdings, Inc. (SMPH) is a Filipino integrated property developer and a public subsidiary of SM Investments Corporation. It was incorporated on January 6, 1994, to develop, conduct, operate, and maintain the SM commercial shopping centers and all businesses related thereto, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compound of shopping centers. It went public on July 5, 1994, and subsequently grew to become the largest company listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange in terms of revenue. The company's main sources of revenues primarily include rental income from mall and food courts, as well as from cinema ticket sales and amusement income.
George Manners (Scarborough MP)
Captain George Manners (4 June 1747 – 27 June 1772) was a British soldier and politician, the illegitimate son of John Manners, Marquess of Granby and Ann Mompesson.

Manners was enrolled at Eton from 7 July 1757 until 1762. He served as a cornet in the Blues during the Seven Years' War, and became junior captain of the 3rd King's Dragoons on 4 August 1767.
In 1768, he was elected as Member of Parliament for Scarborough, a borough frequently in the Manners interest. Manners retired from the Army on 13 August 1771, but continued to represent Scarborough until his death in 1772.

Manners' sister was Anne, the illegitimate daughter of John Manners, Marquess of Granby. She married her first cousin John Manners-Sutton.

John Manners, Marquess of Granby
Lieutenant-General John Manners, Marquess of Granby PC (2 January 1721 – 18 October 1770) was a British Army officer and politician. The eldest son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland, as he did not outlive his father and inherit the dukedom, Manners was known by his father's subsidiary title, Marquess of Granby. He served in the military during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and the Seven Years' War, being subsequently rewarded with the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. Manners was popular with the troops who served under him and many British pubs are still named after him today.
Water, Water Every Hare
Water, Water Every Hare is a 1952 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The cartoon was released on April 19, 1952 and stars Bugs Bunny. The short is a return to the themes of the 1946 cartoon Hair-Raising Hare and brings the monster Gossamer (referred to as "Rudolph") back to the screen.

The title is a pun on the line "Water, water, everywhere / Nor any drop to drink" from the poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The cartoon is available on Disc 1 of the Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 1.

Hair-Raising Hare
Hair-Raising Hare is a Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon, released on May 25, 1946. It was directed by Chuck Jones and written by Tedd Pierce. It stars Bugs Bunny and features the first appearance of Chuck Jones' orange monster character "Gossamer".
Major League Baseball postseason
The Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason is the annual playoff elimination tournament held to determine the champion of MLB in the United States and Canada. Since 2022, the postseason for each league—American and National—consists of two best-of-three Wild Card Series contested by the lowest-seeded division winner and the three wild card teams, two best-of-five Division Series (LDS) featuring the wild-card winners and the two highest-seeded division winners, and finally the best-of-seven League Championship Series (LCS). The winners of the American League Championship Series (ALCS) and the National League Championship Series (NLCS) play each other in the best-of-seven World Series. The postseason tournament takes place after the conclusion of MLB's regular season and takes approximately one month to complete.

League Championship Series
The League Championship Series (LCS) is the semifinal round of postseason play in Major League Baseball which has been conducted since 1969. In 1981, and since 1995, the two annual series have matched up the winners of the Division Series, and the winners advance to meet in the World Series. The LCS comprises the American League Championship Series (ALCS) and National League Championship Series (NLCS).
Alabama Slim
Milton Frazier (born March 29, 1939), known professionally as Alabama Slim, is an American blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter. It was noted that he "plays a minimal guitar style with a piercing attack". Playing on-and-off since the 1950s, Alabama Slim has been involved in the recording of four albums since 2007, having had assistance both from Little Freddie King and the Music Maker Relief Foundation.

Little Freddie King
Little Freddie King (born Fread Eugene Martin, July 19, 1940) is an American Delta blues guitarist. Despite the name, his style is not based on that of Freddie King, but is more influenced by John Lee Hooker and his approach to electric blues is original.
Pasquale Camerlengo
Pasquale Camerlengo (born 14 April 1966) is an Italian former competitive ice dancer who is now a coach and choreographer. With Stefania Calegari, he won gold medals at Skate America, Skate Canada, and the International de Paris, and placed fifth at the 1992 Winter Olympics. Camerlengo later competed with Diane Gerencser, placing 17th at the 1998 Winter Olympics.

Diane Gerencser
Diane Gerencser (born 27 January 1972) is a former ice dancer who competed internationally for both Switzerland and Italy. She placed as high as 15th at the World Championships—in 1990 with Alexander Stanislavov—and as high as 11th at the European Championships—in 1997 with Pasquale Camerlengo. She and Camerlengo represented Italy at the 1998 Winter Olympics, placing 17th.
Dean Fausett
William Dean Fausett (July 4, 1913 – December 13, 1998) was an American painter. His career spanned over six decades. He painted notable figures like Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Grandma Moses, Ezra Taft Benson, and Sir Alexander Fleming. His brother Lynn Fausett was also a painter. Fausett also purchased the historic house of Cephas Kent, Jr. in Dorset, Vermont and was instrumental in it the forming of the Kent Neighborhood Historic District.

Lynn Fausett
Lynn Fausett February 27, 1894 – August 27, 1977) was an American painter. He attended and later became president of the Art Students League in New York City. He painted murals in the Nebraska State Capitol and St. Bartholomew's Church. Fausett is also the muralist of The First Meeting of the Primary Association depicting the establishment of the Primary Association in the Farmington Rock Chapel for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Gardiner Greene Howland
Gardiner Greene Howland (September 4, 1787 – November 9, 1851) was an American businessman who was a founding partner in the merchant firm of Howland & Aspinwall and a co-founder of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company.

Howland & Aspinwall
Howland & Aspinwall was a merchant firm based in New York City in the 1830s and 1840s.  It specialized in the Pacific Ocean trade, especially the importing of goods from China.  It is best known for taking a pioneering role in the financing of clipper ships, especially the American-built Rainbow and Sea Witch.
Bodie Broadus
Preston "Bodie" Broadus is a fictional character on the HBO drama series The Wire, played by actor J. D. Williams for four seasons. Bodie is initially a rough, low-level drug dealer, but matures throughout the series and slowly rises through the ranks. Bodie is an intelligent and disciplined lieutenant, showing strong loyalty to the Barksdale Organization even after most of its members are imprisoned or killed.

Bodie is a relatively goodhearted character who sticks to his principles, but at times he can be violent, such as when he takes part in the murder of friend and fellow dealer Wallace on orders from Stringer Bell. His relationship with the police is also dynamic. He is initially hostile towards all police, but eventually earns the respect of Officer Jimmy McNulty. Bodie, Savino, Poot and Slim Charles are the only characters to move from the Barksdale Organization to the Marlo Stanfield crew.

Marlo Stanfield
Marlo Stanfield is a fictional character on the HBO television drama The Wire, played by actor Jamie Hector. Stanfield is a young, ambitious, intelligent and ruthless gangster and head of the eponymous Stanfield Organization in the Baltimore drug trade. Marlo's organization starts out small-time, competing with the larger Barksdale Organization, but becomes a major player in the Baltimore drug trade fairly quickly.

A repeated theme in Marlo's characterization is his demand for unconditional respect, which supersedes all other concerns. He frequently orders the deaths of those who disrespect him or undermine his name on the streets, and is the most ruthless and violent of the drug kingpins portrayed in The Wire.
1925 UCI Road World Championships
The 1925 UCI Road World Championships was the fifth edition of the UCI Road World Championships. The championship took place in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands on Saturday 22 August 1925 and consisted of 1 race for amateur cyclists.

In the same period, the 1925 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was organized in the Olympic Stadium of Amsterdam.

1925 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1925 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Amsterdam, Netherlands from 3 to 10 August 1925. Three events for men were contested, two for professionals and one for amateurs.
Naval Air Division (Royal Navy)
The Air Division  originally known as the Air Section and later known as the Naval Air Division
was first established in 1924 and it was a Directorate of the Admiralty Naval Staff, that was initially responsible for operational control of aircraft supplied to the Royal Navy by the Air Ministry. In 1939 it was gained full control for the all matters relating to administration, control, policy and organisation of the Fleet Air Arm, it underwent various name changes until it was absorbed as part of the merger of the Admiralty into the new Ministry of Defence in April 1964 as part of the  Navy Department where it continued until May 1966 when its remit was changed and when became the Directorate of Naval Warfare.

Admiralty Naval Staff
The Admiralty Naval Staff was the former senior command, operational planning, policy and strategy department within the British Admiralty. It was established in 1917 and existed until 1964 when the department of the Admiralty was abolished. It was replaced by the Ministry of Defence (Naval Staff) as part of the Ministry of Defence Navy Department.
Wright camera
In astrophotography, the Wright camera design, presented by Franklin Wright (Berkeley, California) in 1935, just a few years after the introduction of the Schmidt camera, was his "short" alternative to the original arrangement.

Wright placed the Schmidt corrector at the focal plane, and had the mirror aspherised to cancel coma resulting from the altered aperture stop position (the aperture stop effectively coinciding with the corrector).

Schmidt camera
A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astrophotographic telescope designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations.  The design was invented by Bernhard Schmidt in 1930.

Some notable examples are the Samuel Oschin telescope (formerly Palomar Schmidt), the UK Schmidt Telescope and the ESO Schmidt; these provided the major source of all-sky photographic imaging from 1950 until 2000, when electronic detectors took over. A recent example is the Kepler space telescope exoplanet finder.

Other related designs are the Wright camera and Lurie–Houghton telescope.
Against the Storm (video game)
Against the Storm is a 2023 city-building video game developed by Eremite Games and published by Hooded Horse.  Unlike traditional city-building games, it incorporates elements of roguelike games and has a short playtime with goals players must achieve.

City-building game
A city-building game, citybuilder or town-building game, is a genre of simulation video game where players act as the overall planner and leader of a city or town, looking down on it from above, and being responsible for its growth and management strategy. Players choose building placement and city management features such as salaries and work priorities, and the city develops accordingly.

City-building games such as SimCity, Cities XXL or Cities: Skylines are considered a type of construction and management simulation.
Asal Hindustan (historical name)
Asal Hindustan (Nepali: असल हिन्दुस्तान, lit. 'real Hindustan') was a historical name of the Kingdom of Nepal establishment by the Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah during the 18th century CE. The term Asal Hindustan was coined by the Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah for his newly conquered territories. The King Prithvi Narayan Shah unified Nepal in the 18th century. He used the term Asal Hindustan to distinguish his kingdom from the northern Indian plains, which were then under the Mughal regime and pejoratively called as Mughlana.

Gorkha kingdom
The Gorkha Kingdom, also known as the Gorkha Confederation or the Gorkha Empire, was one of the Chaubisi states, situated at the junction of the Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent. In 1743, the kingdom began a campaign of military expansion, annexing several neighbors and laying the foundations of present-day Nepal.

Following the disintegration of the Magarat confederation—formerly ruled by the Magar—the region fragmented into the Baise Rajya (22 principalities) in the far west and the Chaubisi Rajya (24 principalities) in central Nepal.

The Gorkha Kingdom extended to the Marshyangdi River in the west, forming its border with the Kingdom of Lamjung. To the east, the kingdom extended to the Trishuli River, forming its border with the Nepal Mandala. The Gorkha kingdom was established in 1559 CE by Prince Dravya Shah, the second son of King Yasho Brahma Shah of Lamjung. Dravya Shah replaced the Magar King Mansingh Khadka Magar  who previously ruled the region.