hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diplock court
Diplock courts were criminal courts in Northern Ireland for non-jury trial of specified serious crimes ("scheduled offences"). They were introduced by the Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 and used for  serious and terrorism-related cases during the Troubles. The Justice and Security (Northern Ireland) Act 2007 ended the automatic use of non-jury trials for scheduled offences but they are still used in Northern Ireland upon certification by the Director of Public Prosecutions on a case-by-case basis.

Bench trial
A bench trial is a trial by judge, as opposed to a jury.  The term applies most appropriately to any  administrative hearing in relation to a summary offense to distinguish the type of trial. Many legal systems (Roman, Islamic) use bench trials for most or all cases or for certain types of cases.

As a jury renders a verdict, in a bench trial, a judge does the same by making a finding.
Thomas Addis Emmet
Thomas Addis Emmet (24 April 1764 – 14 November 1827) was an Irish and American lawyer and politician. In Ireland, in the 1790s, he was a senior member of the Society of United Irishmen as it planned for an insurrection against the British Crown and Protestant Ascendancy. In American exile, he took up legal practice in New York, earned a reputation as a staunch abolitionist, and in 1812 to 1813 served as the state's Attorney General.

William Sampson (lawyer)
William Sampson (26 January 1764 – 28 December 1836) was a lawyer and jurist who in his native Ireland, and in later American exile, identified with the cause of democratic reform. In the 1790s, in Belfast and Dublin he associated with United Irishmen, defending them in Crown prosecutions, contributing to their press and, according to government informants, participating on the eve of rebellion in their inner councils. In New York, from 1806 he won renown as a trial lawyer representing the abolitionist Manumission Society and disputing race as a legal disability; challenging the conspiracy charges against organised labor; and, in the name of religious liberty, establishing Catholic auricular confession as privileged. Maintaining that the tradition of common law denied citizens equal access to the law, and was a systematic source of injustice, Sampson pioneered the American codification movement.
Women's African Clubs Championship (volleyball)
The Women's African Volleyball Clubs Championship is an international women's club volleyball competition organized by the African Volleyball Confederation. It is Africa's most important continental women's club volleyball competition and was first contested in 1986. It was not held for a few years during the 1990s, but tournaments have been held yearly since 1997.

Winners of the competition qualified as continental champions for the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship between 2010 and 2014.

African Volleyball Confederation
The African Volleyball Confederation (French: Confédération Africaine de Volleyball, or CAVB) is the continental governing body for the sports of volleyball in Africa. Its headquarters are located in Rabat, Morocco.
Tarzan & Jane
Tarzan & Jane is a 2002 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. Released on July 23, 2002, it is a direct-to-video spin-off of Disney's 1999 animated feature film Tarzan, and uses three then-unaired episodes of the film's corresponding television series, The Legend of Tarzan. Tarzan II, a prequel to both films, was released in 2005. The film is set one year after the events of the first film and Tarzan and Jane are married.

With the exceptions of Erik Von Detten and Jason Marsden as Flynt and Mungo respectively, none of the actors from the original film reprised their roles.

The Legend of Tarzan (TV series)
The Legend of Tarzan is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation, based on Tarzan from the novels written by Edgar Rice Burroughs, the character's original creator who appears in one episode of the series. The series is also based on Disney's 1999 animated feature film Tarzan by Walt Disney Pictures and aired initially on the Disney's One Too block on UPN from September 3, 2001 to February 5, 2003. However, reruns were broadcast shortly after on Toon Disney.

The series picks up where Disney's 1999 animated feature film left off, with the title character adjusting to his new role as leader of the gorilla family following Kerchak's death, along with Jane (whom he has since married) and her father, Professor Archimedes Q. Porter, adjusting to life in the jungle. The three now reside in the treehouse built by Tarzan's original human parents.
The Cisco Kid (1994 film)
The Cisco Kid is a 1994 American Western comedy TV movie, based on the character of the same name created by O. Henry. The property had previously been adapted as the successful 1950s comedy Western television series, and several movies and serials from the 1930s to the 1950s.

The film was written by Michael Kane and directed by Luis Valdez. Jimmy Smits played the Cisco Kid, the role previously played by Duncan Renaldo, Gilbert Roland, and Cesar Romero. Cheech Marin played his sidekick Pancho. Bruce Payne and Ron Perlman played French villains. The film aired on the TNT Network.

Cheech Marin
Richard Anthony "Cheech" Marin (born July 13, 1946) is an American comedian and actor. He gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s with Tommy Chong, and as Don Johnson's partner, Insp. Joe Dominguez, on Nash Bridges. Marin has also voiced characters in several Disney films, including Oliver & Company, The Lion King, The Lion King 1½, the Cars franchise, Coco, and Beverly Hills Chihuahua.

Marin's trademark is his characters' strong Chicano accents.
Most Valuable Promotions
Most Valuable Promotions (MVP) is a boxing and mixed martial arts promotion company, established in 2021 by American professional boxer and influencer Jake Paul and his adviser Nakisa Bidarian. They primarily focus on boxing events and athlete management and are most famous for co-promoting the Amanda Serrano vs. Katie Taylor trilogy in partnership with Matchroom Boxing, as well as hosting the Jake Paul vs. Mike Tyson bout individually.

MVP garnered international reporting for co-promoting the "historic" Katie Taylor vs. Amanda Serrano fight which was held in 2022, and that was the first women's boxing match to headline Madison Square Garden. DAZN and Reuters would go on to describe it as the 'biggest women's fight of all time'. The fight won the Sports Illustrated's Fight of the Year and The Ring magazine Event of the Year awards.

Katie Taylor vs. Amanda Serrano
Katie Taylor vs. Amanda Serrano, billed as For History, was a women's lightweight professional boxing match contested between the undisputed lightweight world champion Katie Taylor and seven-division world champion Amanda Serrano. The bout was held on April 30, 2022, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, with Taylor's undisputed lightweight titles on the line.

It was the first women's boxing match to headline Madison Square Garden, and was described as the 'biggest women's fight of all time'. Taylor defeated Serrano by split decision. Considered one of the greatest fights to ever take place at Madison Square Garden, the bout received universal acclaim, being named Fight of the Year by Sports Illustrated and Event of the Year by The Ring.
Khadarzai (Khizarzai)
The Khizarzai (commonly known as Khadarzai) is a subtribe of the Mandanr branch of the Yousafzai. The tribe is named after Khizar Khan, one of the four sons of Mandanr (Mahmood Khan, Khizar Khan, Razar and Manu). Khizar Khan is buried in the Shawa area of Swabi District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The Khizarzai (Khadarzai) are based in Swabi, SWAT, and Nowshehra Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Yusufzai
Yusufzai is one of the largest tribes of Pashtuns. They are natively based in the northern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Malakand, Dir, Swat, Shangla, Buner, Swabi, Mardan, Bajaur, Peshawar, Tor Ghar), to which they migrated from Kabul during the 16th century, but they are also present in parts of Afghanistan, including Kunar, Kabul, Kandahar and Farah. Outside of these countries, they can be found in Ghoriwala, Bannu (Mughal Khel), Sibi (Akazai), Chagai (Hassanzai) and Rohilkhand. Most Yusufzais speak a northern variety of Pashto and some southern variety of Pashto, most prominent among the Mughal Khel branch, as well as Urdu and Dari as second languages.
Moldavite
Moldavite (Czech: vltavín) is a forest green, olive green or blue greenish vitreous silica projectile glass formed by a meteorite impact in southern Germany (Nördlinger Ries Crater) that occurred about 15 million years ago. It is a type of tektite and a gemstone. Material ejected from the impact crater includes moldavite, which was strewn across parts of Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria.

Nördlinger Ries
The Nördlinger Ries (German pronunciation: [ˈnœʁtlɪŋɐ ˈʁiːs]) is an impact crater and large circular depression in western Bavaria and eastern Baden-Württemberg. It is located north of the Danube in the district of Donau-Ries. The city of Nördlingen is located within the depression, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-west of its centre.
Enclosed rhyme
Enclosed rhyme (or enclosing rhyme) is the rhyme scheme ABBA (that is, where the first and fourth lines, and the second and third lines rhyme).  Enclosed-rhyme quatrains are used in introverted quatrains, as in the first two stanzas of Petrarchan sonnets.

Rhyme scheme
A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme; lines designated with the same letter all rhyme with each other.

An example of the ABAB rhyming scheme, from "To Anthea, who may Command him Anything", by Robert Herrick:
Love Can't Turn Around
"Love Can't Turn Around" is a 1986 Chicago house song by American musicians, DJs and record producers Farley Keith Williams a.k.a. Farley "Jackmaster" Funk and Jesse Saunders featuring vocalist Darryl Pandy. It holds an important place in the history of house music as the first record in that genre to cross over from the US clubs to the UK Singles Chart.

Farley "Jackmaster" Funk
Farley "Jackmaster" Funk (born Farley Keith Williams; January 25, 1962) is an American musician, DJ and record producer of Chicago house and acid house music. He is notable for writing and producing a number of highly influential tracks in the mid and late 1980s.

He has released records under various aliases such as "Farley Funkin' Keith", "Rude Boy Farley Keith", "The Housemaster Boyz", "Jackmaster Dick" or "The Godfather of House".
Howard Head
Howard Head (July 31, 1914, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – March 3, 1991) was an American aeronautical engineer who is credited with the invention of the first commercially successful aluminum laminate skis and the oversized tennis racket. Head founded the ski (and later tennis racquet)-making firm, Head, in 1950. Later, he became chairman of Prince Manufacturing Inc. The U.S. patents for the laminate skis and oversized tennis racket are in the name of Howard Head. He graduated from Harvard College in 1936.

Head (company)
Head Sport GmbH is an American-Austrian manufacturing company headquartered in Kennelbach. It owns the American tennis racket brand Head. Head GmbH is a group that includes several previously independent companies, including the original "Head Ski Company" (founded in the United States in 1950); Tyrolia, an Austrian ski-equipment manufacturer; and Mares, an Italian manufacturer of diving equipment.

Head currently produces products for skiing, snowboarding, swimming, tennis and other racket sports. Head Ski Company produced one of the first successful metal-wood composite downhill skis, the Head Standard, and one of the first oversized metal tennis rackets.
Disney riverboats
The Disney riverboats are paddle steamer watercraft attraction ride vehicles operating on a track on a series of attractions located at Disney theme parks around the world.

The first was the Mark Twain Riverboat, located at the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California, on which passengers embark on a scenic, 12-minute journey around the Rivers of America. Originally named Mark Twain Steamboat when the park opened in 1955, the 5/8-scale stern-wheeler was the first functional steamboat to be built in the United States for 50 years. Other Disney riverboat attractions also appear at Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Park Paris.

Disneyland Park (Paris)
Disneyland Park, originally Euro Disneyland Park, is a theme park found at Disneyland Paris in Marne-la-Vallée, France. The park opened on 12 April 1992, as the first of the two parks built at the resort. Designed and built by Walt Disney Imagineering, its layout is similar to Disneyland Park in California and Magic Kingdom Park at Walt Disney World in Florida. Spanning 56.656 ha (140 acres)—the second largest Disney park based on the original, after Shanghai Disneyland—it is dedicated to fairy tales and Disney characters.

The park is represented by Le Château de la Belle au Bois Dormant (Sleeping Beauty Castle), a replica of the fairy tale castle seen in Disney's 1959 animated film Sleeping Beauty. In 2024 the park hosted 10.2 million visitors, making it the tenth-most visited theme park in the world and the most-visited theme park in Europe.
Rivière du milieu (Mékinac)
The Rivière du Milieu (River of the middle) (popularly named "River pike”) flows southward in the unorganized territory of Lac-Masketsi, in the Mekinac Regional County Municipality, in Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.

The economy of this sector is based on the forestry and railways activities, as well as tourist activities, including hunting, fishing, ATVs and snowmobiles. Since the early 20th century, this area is served by the Canadian National Railway between Hervey-Jonction and La Tuque. A very long railway bridge spans the “Rivière du Milieu”. In the past, a small hamlet existed around the station at Rivière-du-Milieu.

Mékinac Regional County Municipality
Mékinac (French: [mekinak]) is a regional county municipality (RCM) of 5,607 km2 located in the administrative region of Mauricie, along the Saint-Maurice River, which also crosses the RCM from one end to the other, and the Matawin River, a tributary of the Saint-Maurice. Located in the province of Quebec, Canada.

Established in January 1982, the Mékinac RCM is made up of 10 or 11 municipalities depending on the source, Saint-Tite is the most populous city, four unorganized territories occupying two-thirds of its surface area.
Indentation plastometry
Indentation plastometry is the idea of using an indentation-based procedure to obtain (bulk) mechanical properties (of metals) in the form of stress-strain relationships in the plastic regime (as opposed to hardness testing, which gives numbers that are only semi-quantitative indicators of the resistance to plastic deformation).  Since indentation is a much easier and more convenient procedure than conventional tensile testing, with far greater potential for mapping of spatial variations, this is an attractive concept (provided that the outcome is at least approximately as reliable as those of standard uniaxial tests).

Hardness
In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium and beryllium are harder than soft metals such as sodium and metallic tin, or wood and common plastics. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured in different ways, such as scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.
Snohomish, Washington
Snohomish (/snoʊˈhoʊmɪʃ/) is a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 10,126 at the 2020 census. It is located on the Snohomish River, southeast of Everett and northwest of Monroe. Snohomish lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 2 and State Route 9. The city's airport, Harvey Airfield, is located south of downtown and used primarily for general aviation.

The city was founded in 1859 and named Cadyville after pioneer settler Edson T. Cady and renamed to Snohomish in 1871. It served as county seat of Snohomish County from 1861 to 1897, when the county government was relocated to Everett. Snohomish has a downtown district that is renowned for its collection of antique shops and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Snohomish River
The Snohomish River is a river in Snohomish County, Washington, formed by the confluence of the Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers near Monroe. It flows northwest entering Port Gardner Bay, part of Puget Sound, between Everett and Marysville. The Pilchuck River is its main tributary and joins the river at Snohomish. The river system drains the west side of the Cascade Mountains from Snoqualmie Pass to north of Stevens Pass.

Measured at Monroe, the Snohomish River has an average annual flow of 9,500 cubic feet per second (270 m3/s).  In comparison, the Columbia River, Washington's largest river, has an average flow of about 265,000 cubic feet per second (7,500 m3/s).
Allen Kay
Allen Steven Kay  (November 25, 1945 – November 27, 2022) was an American advertising executive and businessman. He created a television advertisement for Xerox that aired during the 1976 Super Bowl, featuring a monk called Dominic. Kay is also known for his "If You See Something, Say Something" advertising campaign for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Kay co-founded Korey Kay & Partners advertising in 1982 and served as its Chairman and CEO for 32 years. Kay was active in several advertising industry associations.

Metropolitan Transportation Authority
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation in New York State responsible for public transportation in the New York City metropolitan area. The MTA is the largest public transit authority in North America, serving 12 counties in Downstate New York, along with two counties in southwestern Connecticut under contract with the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT), carrying over 11 million passengers on an average weekday systemwide, and over 850,000 vehicles on its seven toll bridges and two tunnels per weekday.
Column of Marcus Aurelius
The Column of Marcus Aurelius (Latin: Columna Centenaria Divorum Marci et Faustinae, Italian: Colonna di Marco Aurelio) is a Roman victory column located in Piazza Colonna, Rome, Italy. A Doric column adorned with a detailed spiral relief, it was built in honor of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius and modeled after Trajan's Column. Dedicated to the emperor and his military campaigns during the Barbarian Wars, the monument stands as a testament to his reign from 161 to 180 AD. The column's frieze, approximately 367 feet (112 meters) long, spirals upward 21 times, depicting the emperor’s campaigns against the Germanic and Sarmatian tribes. Its construction likely began after his death in 180 AD and was completed around 193 AD, under the reign of Septimius Severus.

Marcomannic Wars
The Marcomannic Wars (Latin: bellum Germanicum et Sarmaticum, lit. 'German and Sarmatian war') were a series of wars lasting from about AD 166 until 180. These wars pitted the Roman Empire against principally the Germanic Marcomanni and Quadi and the Sarmatian Iazyges; there were related conflicts with several other Germanic, Sarmatian, and Gothic peoples along both sides of the whole length of the Roman Empire's northeastern European border, the river Danube.

The struggle against the Germans and Sarmatians occupied the major part of the reign of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, and it was during his campaigns against them that he started writing his philosophical work Meditations.
Old Spitalfields Market
51°31′10″N 0°4′31″W﻿ / ﻿51.51944°N 0.07528°W﻿ / 51.51944; -0.07528

Old Spitalfields Market is a covered market in Spitalfields, London. There has been a market on the site for over 350 years. In 1991 it gave its name to New Spitalfields Market in Leyton, where fruit and vegetables are now traded. In 2005, a regeneration programme resulted in the new public spaces: Bishops Square and Crispin Place, which are now part of the modern Spitalfields Market. A range of public markets runs daily, with independent local stores and restaurants - as well as new office developments.

It is situated in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, just outside the City of London. The closest London Underground and mainline railway station is Liverpool Street.

New Spitalfields Market
New Spitalfields Market is a fruit and vegetable market on a 31-acre (13 ha) site in Leyton, London Borough of Waltham Forest. Located in East London, the market is owned and administered by the City of London Corporation. The market is Europe's leading horticultural market specialising in exotic fruit and vegetables - and the largest revenue earning wholesale market in the UK.
Joseph Nicolosi
Joseph Nicolosi (January 24, 1947 – March 8, 2017) was an American clinical psychologist who advocated and practised "reparative therapy", a form of the pseudoscientific treatment of conversion therapy that he claimed could help people overcome or mitigate their homosexual desires and replace them with heterosexual ones. Nicolosi was a founder and president of the National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH).

Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity
The Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity (ATCSI), also known as the NARTH Institute, is a United States organization that promotes conversion therapy, a pseudoscientific practice used in attempts to change the sexual orientation of people with same-sex attraction.  ATCSI's promotion of conversion therapy as a scientifically supported therapeutic method is contradicted by overwhelming scientific consensus. ATCSI has not been recognized by any major United States–based professional association. No schools, universities or professional programs currently train its counselors in reparative therapy.

ATCSI was founded in 1992 by Joseph Nicolosi, Benjamin Kaufman, and  Charles Socarides. Until 2014, it was known as the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality, and its headquarters were in Encino, California, at its Thomas Aquinas Psychological Clinic.
Spisula sachalinensis
Spisula sachalinensis (Japanese: 姥貝, Ubagai or 北寄貝, Hokkigai; Uilta: Sarukki), the Sakhalin surf clam, is a species of edible saltwater clam in the family Mactridae, the surf clams or trough clams. It is commonly referred to as surf clam or Arctic surf clam, though the latter can also refer to the closely related Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson's surf clam).

The species is commercially exploited and widely used for sushi in Japan. The species is found in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, and numerous other areas.

Tomakomai
Tomakomai (苫小牧市, Tomakomai-shi) is a city and port in Iburi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the largest city in the Iburi Subprefecture, and the fourth largest city in Hokkaido. As of 31 July 2023, it had an estimated population of 167,372, with 83,836 households, and a population density of 298 persons per km2 (770 persons per mi2). The total area is 561.57 km2 (216.82 sq mi).

The city is known for its high catch of Arctic surf clams.