hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charenza
Charenza, also Karentia or Karenz, later also Gharense, was a medieval Slavic burgwall on the island of Rügen in the Baltic Sea. It was the administrative centre of the Rani tribe and of the Principality of Rugia. Today, the remnants are called Venz Castle (German: Venzer Burgwall).

Principality of Rügen
The Principality of Rügen was a Danish principality, formerly a duchy, consisting of the island of Rügen and the adjacent mainland from 1168 until 1325. It was governed by a local dynasty of princes of the Wizlawiden (House of Wizlaw) dynasty. For at least part of this period, Rügen was subject to the Holy Roman Empire.
Raymond Parks (auto racing)
Raymond Parks (June 5, 1914 – June 20, 2010) was an American stock car racing team owner. He was the owner of Red Byron's car which won the inaugural NASCAR Strictly Stock Series championship in 1949. Parks was announced as one of the members of the 2017  NASCAR Hall of Fame class.

Red Byron
Robert Nold "Red" Byron (March 12, 1915 – November 11, 1960) was an American stock car racing driver, who was successful in NASCAR competition in the sanctioning body's first years. He was NASCAR's first Modified champion (and its first champion in any division) in 1948 and its first Strictly Stock (predecessor to NASCAR Cup Series) champion in 1949.  Along with Bob Flock, he is considered one of the best drivers of the era.  He won the first NASCAR race at Daytona Beach and Road Course and won the inaugural NASCAR Strictly Stock driver's championship.
Fuchū, Hiroshima (town)
Fuchū (府中町, Fuchū-chō) is a town located in Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the town had an estimated population of 52,597 in 23930 households and a population density of 5,100 inhabitants per square kilometre (13,000/sq mi). The total area of the town is 10.41 square kilometres (4.02 sq mi).

Aki District, Hiroshima
34°21′12″N 132°33′27″E﻿ / ﻿34.3532°N 132.5574°E﻿ / 34.3532; 132.5574

Aki (安芸郡, Aki-gun) is a district, and is within the Minami-ku, Hiroshima ward, Ward (electoral subdivision), one of the 
eight wards that comprise the Hiroshima Prefecture, in Japan. 
'Minami', is Japanese for 'South'. 'Ku', is loosely suggestive of a division, such as 'compartment', 'boundary', etc..

It is the location of Mazda's automobile factory which has been on the site since the early 1930s.

As of 1798 population data but counting decreases due to the March 20, 2005 merger, the district has an estimated population of 116,573 and a density of 1588 persons per km2. The total area is 73.41 km2.
Elly Baker
Eleanor Anna "Elly" Baker (born April 1977) is a British Labour Party politician who has been a Member of the London Assembly (AM) for Londonwide since 2021. She worked as an organiser for the National Education Union.

London Assembly
The London Assembly is a 25-member elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds supermajority, to amend the mayor's annual budget and to reject the mayor's draft statutory strategies. The London Assembly was established in 2000. It is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners, publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the mayor.
Yaqoub al-Rifai
Yaqoub Al-Sayyid Yusuf Al-Rifai is a Kuwaiti politician and academic administrator who has served as Minister of Finance of Kuwait since February 2026. He was appointed as part of a cabinet reshuffle ordered by Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, which involved changes across seven ministries.

Ministry of Finance (Kuwait)
Ministry of Finance is one of the governmental bodies of Kuwait and part of the cabinet. It is concerned with the executive general administration of public financial affairs in the State of Kuwait. As of August 2025 the Acting minister is Dr. Sabeeh Al-Mukhaizeem.
Disney Jr. (Canada)
Disney Jr. was a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment which launched on December 1, 2015. It was a localized version of the American cable network of the same name operated under license from Disney Branded Television, a division of The Walt Disney Company which broadcast animated programming aimed at children and preschoolers ages 2 to 8.

Disney Channel (Canada)
Disney Channel is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment under license from The Walt Disney Company, which began broadcasting on September 1, 2015. It is a localized version of the U.S. basic cable network of the same name. broadcasting live-action and animated programming aimed at children and teenagers between the ages of 9 and 18.

The channel launched as part of a new licensing agreement between Corus Entertainment and the Disney–ABC Television Group (now known as Walt Disney Television), which succeeded a previous program supply agreement between Disney and Family Channel (owned by WildBrain). Its launch marked the first time that a Disney Channel-branded television service has operated in Canada.
Hans Vogel (scientist)
Hans Vogel (20 January 1900 – 5 April 1980) was a German scientist known for his work in helminthology (study of parasitic worms). For much of his career he was associated with the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine in Hamburg.

In the 1930s Vogel described the developmental cycle of Opisthorchis felineus, a trematode known to affect the liver in humans and other mammals. Later in his career he published an article describing the life cycle and aetiology of Echinococcus multilocularis. He is also credited for demonstrating that macaque monkeys can be immunized against Schistosoma japonicum, a parasite that is the cause of Far Eastern schistosomiasis.

From 1963 to 1968, Vogel was director of the Bernhard Nocht Institute. The tapeworm species Echinococcus vogeli is named after him.

Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin) (BNITM) in Hamburg is Germany's largest institution for tropical medicine, with a workforce of about 250 people in Hamburg. It is member of the Leibniz-Association.
MonetDB
MonetDB is an open-source column-oriented relational database management system (RDBMS) originally developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands.
It is designed to provide high performance on complex SQL queries against large databases, such as combining tables with hundreds of columns and billions of rows.
MonetDB has been applied in high-performance applications for online analytical processing, data mining, geographic information system (GIS), Resource Description Framework (RDF), text retrieval and sequence alignment processing.

Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
The Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (abbr. CWI; English: "National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science") is a research centre in the field of mathematics and  theoretical computer science. It is part of the institutes organization of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and is located at the Amsterdam Science Park. This institute is famous as the creation site of the programming language Python. It was a founding member of the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM).
Bilkent Concert Hall
Bilkent Concert Hall (Turkish: Bilkent Konser Salonu) is a performing arts center in Turkey. It is located within the Bilkent University campus in Ankara. Home to the Bilkent Symphony Orchestra, the building hosts over 80 concerts per year. Besides the concert hall itself, the building houses seminar rooms, academic staff offices, classrooms and studios for the university's Faculty of Music and Performance Arts, together with an arena theatre for performances from theatre studies students.

Bilkent University
Bilkent University (Turkish: Bilkent Üniversitesi) is a private non-profit research university located in Ankara, Turkey. It was founded by İhsan Doğramacı, the  first president of the Council of Higher Education and the head of the prominent Doğramacı family,  with the aim of creating a center of excellence in higher education and research in 1984. It has constantly been ranked among the top Turkish universities since its establishment. In 2011, it was ranked 112th in the world by Times World University Rankings. Bilkent University was the first non-profit private university established in the country. The name Bilkent is an abbreviation of bilim kenti, meaning "city of science" in Turkish.
Efe Ambrose
Efe Eric Ambrose Listenⓘ(born 18 October 1988) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Glasgow United. Ambrose has previously played for Kaduna United, Bayelsa United, Israeli club Ashdod, Scottish clubs Celtic, Hibernian, Livingston, St Johnstone and Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton and English club Derby County.

Ambrose has also played for the Nigeria national football team, and he has represented Nigeria at the FIFA Under-20 World Cup, the Summer Olympics, the Africa Cup of Nations, and the FIFA World Cup.

F.C. Ashdod
Moadon Sport Ashdod (Hebrew: מועדון ספורט אשדוד, lit. 'Sport Club Ashdod'), commonly referred to as F.C Ashdod  (מ.ס. אשדוד), is an Israeli professional football club, playing in the port city of Ashdod. The unusual name of the team (unlike most Israeli football teams, this one only indicates the club's home city without any specific Jewish sporting association, such as Hapoel, Maccabi, or Beitar) is the result of the union of two city rivals, Hapoel Ashdod and Maccabi Ironi Ashdod in 1999. The club currently plays in the Israeli Premier League.
Hamed Abu Daabas
Sheikh Hamed Abu Daabas (Arabic: حماد ابو دعابس, Hebrew: חמאד אבו דעאבס) is an Arab-Israeli of Bedouin descent, and the chairman of the southern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel.

Abu Daabas was elected as the chairman of the southern  branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel in April 2010, replacing Ibrahim Sarsur. Abu Daabas is known for his opinions in family affairs such as his opposition to cousin marriage in the Bedouin society and his support for the compromising Islamic approach to abortion that allows the procedure with some limitations.

Ibrahim Sarsur
Sheikh Ibrahim Sarsur (Arabic: إبراهيم صرصور‎, Hebrew: אבראהים צרצור‎; born 2 February 1959) is an Israeli Arab politician. A former leader of the United Arab List, he represented the party in the Knesset from 2006 to 2015.
Ante Vrban
Ante Vrban (15 January 1908 – 31 August 1948) was a Croatian major of the Ustaše Militia and later the Croatian Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. He served as deputy commander of the Stara Gradiška concentration camp and was responsible for various atrocities committed there during the war. After the collapse of the Independent State of Croatia, he fled and sought refuge in Austria. In the summer of 1945, he returned to Yugoslavia with the intention of starting an anti-communist uprising. He was arrested by Yugoslav authorities and charged with war crimes. Vrban was found guilty on all counts and hanged in August 1948.

Stara Gradiška concentration camp
Stara Gradiška was a concentration and extermination camp in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II. The camp was specially constructed for women and children of Serb, Jewish and Romani ethnicity. Victims also included communist and anti-fascist Croats and Bosniaks. It was established by the Ustaše regime in 1941 at the Stara Gradiška prison near the eponymous village as the fifth subcamp of the Jasenovac concentration camp.

According to the list of victims by name of KCL Jasenovac, the Jasenovac memorial site, which includes research as of 2007, the names and data for 12,790 victims of the camp have been established.
Dolmelynllyn Estate
Dolmelynllyn Estate is an area of farmland, woodland and parkland near the village of Ganllwyd in southern Gwynedd, Wales. It is owned by the National Trust. The estate was formerly owned by William Madocks, the architect of Porthmadog. Features of the estate include ancient woodland, temperate rainforest, rare lichens and mosses, as well as archaeological features from prehistoric cists to nineteenth-century gold mines. The estate also has 46 bee boles on it, which is the highest concentration in the United Kingdom.

William Madocks
William Alexander Madocks (17 June 1773 – 15 September 1828) was a British politician and landowner who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Boston in Lincolnshire from 1802 to 1820, and then for Chippenham in Wiltshire from 1820 to 1826. He is best known, however, for his activities as an agricultural improver in Gwynedd, especially around the towns of Porthmadog and Tremadog which he founded and which are named after him.
Gerard Corley Smith
Gerard Thomas Corley Smith (30 July 1909 – 7 October 1997) is remembered chiefly for his work in protecting the unique environment of the Galápagos Islands and his support for the Charles Darwin Foundation, established in 1959. However, Corley Smith also had a long and distinguished career in Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service.

Charles Darwin Research Station
Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) (Spanish: Estación Científica Charles Darwin, ECCD)  is a biological research station in Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, Ecuador.  The station is operated by the Charles Darwin Foundation which was founded in 1959 under the auspices of UNESCO and the World Conservation Union. The research station serves as the headquarters for the Foundation, and is used to conduct scientific research and promote environmental education. It is located on the shore of Academy Bay in the village of Puerto Ayora on Santa Cruz Island in the Galapagos Islands, with satellite offices on Isabela and San Cristóbal islands.
Colin Huang
Colin Huang Zheng (Chinese: 黄峥; pinyin: Huáng Zhēng, born 1 January 1980) is a Chinese businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He is the founder and former CEO of the e-commerce company Pinduoduo, which is now the largest agriculture platform in China. Huang is also the owner of at least three other limited liability Cayman companies, including Pinduoduo.

According to Forbes, Huang has an estimated net worth of US$39.1 billion as of May 2025.

Pinduoduo
Pinduoduo (Chinese: 拼多多; pinyin: Pīnduōduō) is a Chinese online retailer, with a focus on the traditional agriculture industry. The business is the largest product of PDD Holdings, a company currently headquartered in Ireland that also owns the online marketplace Temu.
John Peter Zenger
John Peter Zenger (October 26, 1697 – July 28, 1746) was a German printer and journalist in New York City. Zenger printed The New York Weekly Journal. He was accused of libel in 1734 by William Cosby, the royal governor of New York, but the jury acquitted Zenger, who became a symbol for freedom of the press.

In 1733, Zenger began printing The New York Weekly Journal, which voiced opinions critical of the colonial governor, William Cosby. On November 17, 1734, on Cosby's orders, the sheriff arrested Zenger. After a grand jury refused to indict him, the Attorney General Richard Bradley charged him with libel in August 1735. Zenger's lawyers, Andrew Hamilton and William Smith, Sr., successfully argued that truth is a defense against charges of libel.

The New York Weekly Journal
The New York Weekly Journal was a weekly journal, printed by John Peter Zenger, from November 5, 1733 to March 18, 1751. It was the second journal in New York City and the only one that criticized New York Royal governor William Cosby, for which reason the journal was burned in its first year and John Zenger was put in prison. Zenger was released without charges, this being one of the earliest cases where a fight for the freedom of press led to a victory in America.
Omaheke Region
Omaheke (the Otjiherero word for sandveld) is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia, the least populous region. Its capital is Gobabis. It lies in eastern Namibia on the border with Botswana and is the western extension of the Kalahari Desert. The self-governed villages of Otjinene, Leonardville, and Witvlei are situated in the region. As of 2020, Omaheke had 48,594 registered voters.

Khomas Region
Khomas is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia. Its name refers to the Khomas Highland, a high plateau landscape that dominates this administrative subdivision. Khomas is centered on the capital city Windhoek and provides for this reason superior transportation infrastructure. It is located in the central highlands of the country and is bordered by the Erongo region to the west and the northwest and by the Otjozondjupa region to the north. To the east is the Omaheke region, while in the south is the Hardap region. The region is characterized by its hilly countryside and many valleys. It has well-developed economical, financial, and trade sectors. Khomas Region occupies 4.5% of the land area of Namibia but has the highest population of any of its regions (16.2%). Khomas is one of only three Namibian regions to have neither shoreline nor a foreign border.
Gao Yan (politician, born 1942)
Gao Yan (born 1942) is a Chinese former politician. He served as the Governor of Jilin and the Party Secretary of Yunnan and was a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He reportedly fled the country in 2002 amidst investigations into corruption as the leader of the State Power Corporation of China.

State Power Corporation of China
State Power Corporation of China was a Chinese state-owned enterprise founded in 1996 and was dismantled in 2002 to 2003. The successor of the group were fellow state owned enterprises State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid, China Huaneng Group, China Guodian, China Huadian, China Datang Corporation, China Power Investment Corporation and other power grid or power generating group.

The former general manager (the highest position of the company at that time) of the company, Gao Yan, fled China in 2002 after he was investigated for corruption.
Ikujiro Nonaka
Ikujiro Nonaka (野中 郁次郎, Nonaka Ikujirō; 10 May 1935 – 25 January 2025) was a Japanese organizational theorist and Professor at the Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy of the Hitotsubashi University, best known for his study of knowledge management.

Hirotaka Takeuchi
Hirotaka Takeuchi (竹内 弘高, Takeuchi Hirotaka) is a professor of management practice in the Strategy Unit at Harvard Business School. He co-authored The New New Product Development Game which influenced the development of the Scrum framework.
Tram route 9 (Antwerp)
Tram route 9  is a route in the Antwerp tram network connecting the Eksterlaar neighborhood in  southern Deurne with Linkeroever using the Antwerp premetro network between Plantin and Van Eeden stations. The present day route was officially opened on September 1, 2012, as part of a revision of the network map.

Plantin premetro station
Plantin premetro station is an Antwerp premetro station. Located under the intersection of Simonsstraat with the Plantin en Moretuslei, it is served by lines 2, 6, 9 and 15.

Opened in 1980, the station reflects the 'richer' period of the MIVA - the Antwerp transport company which was later merged into De Lijn - and is decorated in marble. The layout consists of three levels, of which the first (-1) contains a ticket hall and four exits towards street level (corresponding to the intersection under which it lies). Level -2 comprises the platform serving northbound trains to Diamant, whilst Level -3 comprises the southbound platform towards the premetro tunnel exits at the Belgiëlei, used by routes 2, 6 and 15, and Mercatorstraat, used by route 9.
Citibank House
Citibank House is an 18-storey office building in St Georges Terrace, Perth, Western Australia. The 68-metre (224 ft) building was opened in 1962 as the T & G Building, and was the tallest building in Perth until 1970. It underwent a major refurbishment in the 1980s which significantly altered the building's external features. The building adopted its current name when Citibank became its flagship tenant.

St Georges Terrace
St Georges Terrace (colloquially known as the terrace) is the main street in the central business district (CBD) of the city of Perth, Western Australia. It runs parallel to the Swan River and forms the major arterial thoroughfare through the CBD.

Its western end is marked by the Barracks Arch near Parliament House across the Mitchell Freeway. The eastern end joins Adelaide Terrace at the intersection with Victoria Avenue.
John Philpot Curran
John Philpot Curran (24 July 1750 – 14 October 1817) was an Irish orator, politician, and lawyer celebrated for his defence of civil and political liberty. He first won popular acclaim in 1780, as the only lawyer in his circuit willing to represent a Catholic priest horsewhipped by an Anglo-Irish lord. In the 1790s he was celebrated as a champion in the Irish House of Commons of Catholic emancipation and parliamentary reform, and in court as defence counsel for United Irishmen facing charges of sedition and treason. Following the rebellion of 1798, he was vocal in his opposition to Britain's incorporation of Ireland in a United Kingdom.

Curran's speeches before the judicial bench were widely admired. Lord Byron said of Curran, "I have heard that man speak more poetry than I have seen written". Karl Marx described him as the greatest "people's advocate" of the eighteenth century.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Edgar Wells
Edgar Almond Wells (4 September 1908 – 4 May 1995) was an Australian minister in the Methodist church. He is known for his work as superintendent of the Aboriginal mission at Yirrkala, Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia in the early 1960s, when the Yirrkala church panels and the Yirrkala bark petitions were created.

Yirrkala
Yirrkala is a small community in East Arnhem Region, Northern Territory, Australia, 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the large mining town of Nhulunbuy, on the Gove Peninsula in Arnhem Land. It is known for the former mission, established as an Aboriginal reserve after being founded by Methodist missionaries in 1935, and for what became known as the Yirrkala bark petitions. These were a set of petitions submitted by the Aboriginal residents of the mission to the Australian Parliament in 1963 asking for consultation about their land taken for mining. This marked an important moment in the history of Indigenous land rights in Australia and native title in Australia.

Yirrkala's population comprises predominantly Aboriginal Australians of the Yolngu peoples. At the 2021 census, Yirrkala had a population of 657, of whom 79.8% identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people.