hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Olympe Aguado
Count Olympe-Clemente-Alexandre-Auguste Aguado (3 February 1827 – 25 October 1894) was a Franco-Spanish photographer and socialite, active primarily in the 1850s and 1860s.  One of several early photographers who learned the practice from Gustave Le Gray, Aguado pioneered a number of photographic processes, including carte de visite photographs and photographic enlargement processes.  He was also a founding member of the influential French Photographic Society in 1854.

Société française de photographie
The Société française de photographie (SFP) is an association, founded on 15 November 1854, devoted to the history of photography. It has a large collection of photographs and old cameras.

Among the founding members were Olympe Aguado, Hippolyte Bayard, Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, Eugène Durieu, Edmond Fierlants, Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros, Gustave Le Gray and Henri Victor Regnault, Auguste-Adolphe Bertsch. Henri Victor Regnault was the first president. Louise Leghait was the first woman member.
Kōshū Kaidō
The Kōshū Kaidō (甲州街道) was one of the five routes or major highways of the Edo period. It was built to connect Edo (modern-day Tokyo) with Kai Province in modern-day Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The route continues from there to connect with the Nakasendō's Shimosuwa-shuku in Nagano Prefecture. Many feudal lords from Shinano Province made use of the road during sankin-kōtai, including those from the Takatō, Suwa and Iida domains.

The Kōshū Kaidō's route is followed closely by the modern Route 20.

Edo Five Routes
The Five Routes (五街道, Gokaidō), sometimes translated as "Five Highways", were the five centrally administered routes, or kaidō, that connected the de facto capital of Japan at Edo (now Tokyo) with the outer provinces during the Edo period (1603–1868). The most important of the routes was the Tōkaidō, which linked Edo and Kyoto. Tokugawa Ieyasu started the construction of the five routes to increase his control over the country in 1601, but it was Tokugawa Ietsuna, the 4th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate and Ieyasu's great-grandson, who declared them as major routes. Post stations were set up along the route for travelers to rest and buy supplies. The routes thrived due to the policy of sankin-kōtai, that required the daimyō (regional rulers) to travel in alternate years along the routes to Edo.
Red Sucker Lake First Nation
Red Sucker Lake (Oji-Cree: Mithkwamepin Thaakkahikan, ᒥᐢᑾᒣᐱᐣ ᓴᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ) is an Oji-Cree First Nation in Manitoba, Canada, located about 706 km (439 mi) northeast of Winnipeg. As of December 2021, the registered population was 1,178 of which 953 lived on their own reserve.

Its main reserve is Red Sucker Lake 1976, which contains the community of Red Sucker Lake, Manitoba.

Historically, the peoples of Red Sucker Lake were part of the Island Lake Band, which also included nearby First Nations of Garden Hill, St. Theresa Point, and Wasagamack. They are a signatory to the 1909 adhesion to Treaty 5.

Wasagamack First Nation
Wasagamack Anisininew Nation (Oji-cree: ᐗᓴᑲᒪᐣᐠ, meaning: At the Bay) is an Oji-Cree First Nation band government in Manitoba, Canada. As of December 2014 the registered population of the Wasagamack Anisininew Nation was 2,017, of which 1,823 lived on their own reserve.

Their most populous community is Wasagamack located about 600 km (370 mi) north of Winnipeg on Island Lake. The population of Wasagamack in 2011 was 1,411 an increase of 21.6% from the 2006 population of 1,160. St. Theresa Point First Nation lies just to the south of this reserve.

Historically, the peoples of Wasagamack Anisininew Nation were part of the Island Lake Band of "Cree", which also included the nearby First Nations of Garden Hill, St. Theresa Point and Red Sucker Lake. They are a signatory to the 1909 adhesion to Treaty 5.
Abdullah Pasha al-Azm
Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (fl. 1783–1809) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of the Damascus Eyalet (three separate terms, 1795–1807), Aleppo Eyalet (1794), Egypt Eyalet (1798), Adana Eyalet, and Rakka Eyalet (1809), before retiring to Hama in the 1810s. He was a member of the prominent political family, Al-Azm.

Al-Azm family
Al-Azm family (Arabic: آل العظم ʾĀl al-ʿAẓm) is a prominent Damascene family. Their political influence in Ottoman Syria began in the 18th century when members of the family administered Maarrat al-Nu'man and Hama. A scion of the family, Ismail Pasha al-Azm, was appointed wāli of Damascus Eyalet in 1725. Between 1725 and 1783, members of the family, including As'ad Pasha al-Azm, held power in Damascus for 47 years, in addition to periodical appointments in Sidon Eyalet, Tripoli Eyalet, Hama, Aleppo Eyalet, and Egypt Eyalet. The family's influence declined in the 19th century, failing to establish a true dynasty.
Cartwheel kick
Aú batido (cartwheel kick) is a traditional capoeira cartwheel kick, known under various names in breakdancing, MMA and other disciplines.

The cartwheel kick originated as a combat kick, but has become very popular as an acrobatic decoration (floreio). This is likely the most photographed capoeira move.

Like many other core techniques of capoeira, aú batido originates from engolo.

Aú
Aú is the capoeira term for a cartwheel. The purpose of the "aú" in capoeira includes mobility, offense and evasion. The aú has similarity to handstand in capoeira (bananeira), but it differs because the body rotates laterally with an energetic impulse.

While inverted, there is a risk of receiving a low headbutt, front push kick, or some other attack. To prevent this an emphasis is placed on closely watching the movements of the opponent instead of the ground.
Lydia Field Emmet
Lydia Field Emmet (January 23, 1866 – August 16, 1952) was an American artist best known for her work as a portraitist. She studied with, among others, prominent artists such as William Merritt Chase, Harry Siddons Mowbray, Kenyon Cox and Tony Robert-Fleury. Emmet exhibited widely during her career, and her paintings can now be found hanging in the White House, and many prestigious art galleries, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

William Merritt Chase
William Merritt Chase (November 1, 1849 – October 25, 1916) was an American painter, known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later became the Parsons School of Design.
Whispering Nickel Idols
Whispering Nickel Idols is a fantasy novel by American writer Glen Cook, the eleventh book in his ongoing Garrett P.I. series. The series combines elements of mystery and fantasy as it follows the adventures of private investigator Garrett.

Garrett P.I.
Garrett P.I. is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Glen Cook about Garrett, a freelance private investigator. The novels are written in a hard-boiled detective fiction style, with elements of traditional mystery and dialogue-based humor. Garrett, during his adventures in his home city of TunFaire and across Karenta and the Cantard, has to deal with elves, vampires, centaurs, trolls, and numerous mixed breeds, along with gods, wizards, witches and more. Unlike most fantasy series, the Garrett P.I. novels focus more on the detective aspects of the story and less on the magical.
Sergey Kazakov
Sergey Kazakov (born July 8, 1976) is a Russian amateur boxer best known for winning the World Championships 2003 and European Championships 1998, 2002 and 2004 in the Men's Light Flyweight.

Kazakov won the European Championships in 1998. In 2000 he lost at the European Championships to Valeriy Sydorenko in the finals and at the Olympics 2000 against reigning world champ Brian Viloria (6:8) in the first round.
In 2003 he won the World Championships with a close final victory against future star Zou Shiming (23:19).
He added a victory at the European championships 2002 and 2004 by beating Alfonso Pinto.
2004 at the Olympics he was upset by young Turk Atagün Yalçınkaya and had to settle for bronze.
2005 at the world championships he again lost to a teenager in Hungary's Pal Bedak.

In 2005 he was part of the Russian team that won the Boxing World Cup.

2007 he lost at the Russian Championships against David Ayrapetyan 9:25.

Kazakov ended his career in 2008 at the age of 32.

Zou Shiming
Zou Shiming (Chinese: 邹市明; pinyin: Zōu Shìmíng; born 18 May 1981) is a Chinese former boxer and two-time Olympic champion. In amateur boxing, he is China's most successful boxer of all time. In the light-flyweight division, he won three consecutive Olympic medals (bronze in 2004 and gold in 2008 and 2012), as well as three World Amateur Boxing Championships gold medals in 2005, 2007 and 2011. He competed in professional boxing from 2013 to 2017 and held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) flyweight title from 2016 to 2017.
Marilyn Piperno
Marilyn Piperno (born December 9, 1965) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party. She represented the 11th Legislative District of New Jersey in the New Jersey General Assembly from January 11, 2022, to January 9, 2024. She and her running mate Kimberly Eulner lost in their bid for re-election in November 2023.

Kimberly Eulner
Kimberly Doran Eulner (born April 15, 1966) is an American Republican Party politician who represented the 11th Legislative district in the New Jersey General Assembly from January 11, 2022, to January 9, 2024. She is currently the mayor of Shrewsbury Borough.
Transition (genetics)
Transition, in genetics and molecular biology, refers to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A ↔ G), or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine (C ↔ T). Approximately two out of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are transitions.

Transitions can be caused by oxidative deamination and tautomerization. Although there are twice as many possible transversions, transitions appear more often in genomes, possibly due to the molecular mechanisms that generate them.  Transitions are more likely to be synonymous substitutions than transversions, as one observes in the codon table.

5-Methylcytosine is more prone to transition than unmethylated cytosine, due to spontaneous deamination. This mechanism is important because it dictates the rarity of CpG islands.

Transversion
Transversion, in molecular biology, refers to a point mutation in DNA in which a single (two ring) purine (A or G) is changed for a (one ring) pyrimidine (T or C), or vice versa. A transversion can be spontaneous, or it can be caused by ionizing radiation or alkylating agents. It can only be reversed by a spontaneous reversion.
Bounded set (topological vector space)
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a set in a topological vector space is called bounded or von Neumann bounded, if every neighborhood of the zero vector can be inflated to include the set. 
A set that is not bounded is called unbounded.

Bounded sets are a natural way to define locally convex polar topologies on the vector spaces in a dual pair, as the polar set of a bounded set is an absolutely convex and absorbing set. 
The concept was first introduced by John von Neumann and Andrey Kolmogorov in 1935.

Locally convex topological vector space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological vector spaces whose topology is generated by translations of balanced, absorbent, convex sets. Alternatively they can be defined as a vector space with a family of seminorms, and a topology can be defined in terms of that family. Although in general such spaces are not necessarily normable, the existence of a convex local base for the zero vector is strong enough for the Hahn–Banach theorem to hold, yielding a sufficiently rich theory of continuous linear functionals.

Fréchet spaces are locally convex topological vector spaces that are completely metrizable (with a choice of complete metric). They are generalizations of Banach spaces, which are complete vector spaces with respect to a metric generated by a norm.
Revolver Ocelot
Revolver "Shalashaska" Ocelot (known in his youth as Major "ADAM" Ocelot) is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Konami's Metal Gear series, created by Hideo Kojima. Throughout the series, he takes on a variety of roles: the archenemy of Solid Snake, a friendly rival to Naked Snake, the right-hand man to Liquid Snake and Solidus Snake, and a close ally to Venom Snake.

Ocelot has been well-received by video game publications for his role as a central villain in the franchise, and has often been considered one of its most important characters for his connections with various characters.

Liquid Snake
Liquid Snake is a fictional character from the Metal Gear franchise. Along with protagonist Solid Snake, he is a product of Les Enfants Terribles, a top-secret government project to artificially create soldiers by cloning the legendary soldier Big Boss. He first appears as the main antagonist in the original Metal Gear Solid, where he leads the rogue FOXHOUND unit in a hostile takeover of a nuclear disposal facility in Alaska. The character returns in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain as a child mercenary nicknamed the White Mamba with his real name revealed to be Eli.
Plattsburgh and Montreal Railroad
The Plattsburgh and Montreal Railroad was a railway company that operated in the state of New York in the mid-19th century. The company completed a 23-mile (37 km) line from Plattsburgh, New York, to the Canadian border north of Mooers, New York, in 1852. The company was subsequently reorganized as the Montreal and Plattsburgh Railroad in 1868 and consolidated with two other companies in 1873 to form the New York and Canada Railroad. The southern half of the company's line is part of the Canadian Pacific Kansas City's Canadian Subdivision; the Delaware and Hudson Railway abandoned the rest in 1925.

New York and Canada Railroad
The New York and Canada Railroad was a railway company that operated in the state of New York between 1873 and 1908. It was established to consolidate existing companies in the northern part of the state and to complete a north–south railway line along the west side of Lake Champlain. Through service to Plattsburgh, New York, began in 1875, and the company later extended further north to Rouses Point, New York (1876), and to the Canadian border (1906). Always under Delaware and Hudson Railway control, the company was formally merged in 1908. Today, the Lake Champlain line is part of the Canadian Pacific Kansas City's Canadian Subdivision.
Reunification Democratic Party
The Reunification Democratic Party (RDP; Korean: 통일민주당; lit. United Democratic Party) was a political party of South Korea from 1987 to 1990. The party was established in April 1987 by Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam, splitting from the New Korean Democratic Party. The party faced another split later that year with Kim Dae-jung and his followers organizing Peace Democratic Party. The party later merged with conservative Democratic Justice Party and New Democratic Republican Party in January 1990. The party members who opposed the merger formed the Democratic Party. The party had strong support in the Southeastern region of the country, including the South Gyeongsang Province and the city of Busan.

Peace Democratic Party
The New United Democratic Party (NUDP; Korean: 신민주연합당) was a political party of South Korea from 1987 to 1991. The party was established as the Peace Democratic Party (PDP; 평화민주당) in October 1987 by Kim Dae-jung and his followers to contest the presidential election that year. The party later merged with Democratic Party to form the Democratic Party.
MLB Pennant Race
MLB Pennant Race is a baseball video game developed by Sony Interactive Studios America and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. The game takes place during the 1996 Major League Baseball season; rosters and statistics are accurate as of the 1995 Major League Baseball season. The game was followed by the 989 Sports Major League Baseball series as well as the MLB: The Show franchise.

989 Sports Major League Baseball series
The MLB (Year#) series is a series of Major League Baseball video games by Sony Computer Entertainment published under their 989 Sports label. The series was originally developed by Sony Interactive Studios America, who later became 989 Studios until eventually merging into Sony Computer Entertainment America. Following the merge the games were released under the 989 Sports brand up until 2006. Following that, MLB games from SCEA were released by San Diego Studio under the MLB: The Show series.
Salisbury Plain River
The Salisbury Plain River is a 4.7-mile-long (7.6 km) river in Plymouth County, Massachusetts that flows from the city of Brockton into the towns of West Bridgewater and East Bridgewater where it joins the Matfield River, a major tributary of the Taunton River.

The Salisbury Plain River flows through the heart of Brockton, Massachusetts, once a major shoe manufacturing center. The river is formed by several smaller streams, including Trout Brook, Cary Brook, and Salisbury Brook.

Brockton, Massachusetts
Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census, and it is a major economic and commercial hub for the southern part of Greater Boston. Along with Plymouth, it is one of the two county seats of the county. It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two villages within it are Montello and Campello, both of which have MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox of the Frontier League. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph (23.0 km/h).
Itsari language
Itsari (Icari, Itsari: ицӀран гъай) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia spoken in the village Itsari, as well as in Kizlyarsky District, Druzhba, and other villages and cities, both in and outside of Dagestan, by about 2,000 people. It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa. Ethnologue lists it as a dialect of Dargwa but recognizes that it may be a separate language. Its closest relative is Sanzhi, which has only about 200 speakers and is considered to be an endangered language, as parents are now teaching their children Russian for practical purposes.

Dargwa language
Dargwa (дарган мез, dargan mez) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. This article discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin.
Joe Mercer (footballer, born 1889)
Joseph Powell Mercer (21 July 1889 – 1927) was an English professional footballer who made 150 appearances in the Football League for Nottingham Forest as a centre half. He was the father of footballer and manager Joe Mercer.

Joe Mercer
Joseph Mercer (9 August 1914 – 9 August 1990) was an English footballer and manager. He played as a defender for Everton and Arsenal and managed Aston Villa and Manchester City, and served as caretaker manager of the England national football team.
UPS Airlines Flight 2976
UPS Airlines Flight 2976 was a scheduled domestic cargo flight in the United States from Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky, to Honolulu, Hawaii. On November 4, 2025, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 operating the flight suffered a separation of its left engine during its takeoff roll and crashed into an industrial area seconds after liftoff from the runway, at about 5:13 p.m. local time (22:13 UTC). The crash killed fifteen people, which consisted of all three crew members on board the aircraft and an additional twelve people on the ground, one of whom succumbed to their injuries on December 25.

The accident is being investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board. Following the accident, UPS retired its remaining MD-11 fleet in January 2026.

UPS Airlines
UPS Airlines is a major American cargo airline based in Louisville, Kentucky. One of the largest cargo airlines worldwide in terms of freight volume flown, UPS Airlines flies to 815 destinations worldwide. It has been a wholly owned subsidiary of United Parcel Service since its launch in 1988.

Like passenger airlines, UPS Airlines operates under the hub-and-spoke model. Its primary hub in the United States is at Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport, where it built a 5,200,000 square foot facility called UPS Worldport. UPS also has secondary hubs across the United States and international hubs in Canada, China, England, Germany, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.

The pilots of UPS Airlines are represented by the Independent Pilots Association.
Tainan railway station
Tainan (Chinese: 台南; pinyin: Táinán) is a railway station in Tainan, Taiwan served by Taiwan Railways Administration. Situated in centre of the old town square in the East District of Tainan, Tainan Station is the main station of the city and also one of the major stations along the western trunk line in Taiwan. The Shalun line, opened in 2011, allows through services to link the station with THSR Tainan Station.

Tainan HSR station
Tainan (Chinese: 台南; pinyin: Táinán) is a railway station in Tainan, Taiwan served by Taiwan High Speed Rail, and is connected to Shalun station for TRA services. It is near the border between Kaohsiung City and Tainan City. Tainan HSR station is about 17 km away from Tainan railway station.
Ibrahim (Ottoman sultan)
Ibrahim (/ˌɪbrəˈhiːm/; Ottoman Turkish: ابراهيم; Turkish: İbrahim; 13 October 1617 – 18 August 1648) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640 until 1648.

He was born in Constantinople as the last son of sultan Ahmed I (1590–1617) and Kösem Sultan (1589–1651), also known as Mahpeyker Sultan, an ethnically Greek woman claimed to originally be named Anastasia.

He was called Ibrahim the Mad (Turkish: Deli İbrahim) due to his mental condition and behavior. However, historian Scott Rank notes that his opponents spread rumors of the sultan's insanity, and some historians suggest that he was more incompetent than mad.

Ahmed I
Ahmed I (Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel; Turkish: I. Ahmed; 18 April 1590 – 22 November 1617) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 to 1617. Ahmed's reign is noteworthy for marking the first breach in the Ottoman tradition of royal fratricide; henceforth, Ottoman rulers would no longer systematically execute their brothers upon accession to the throne. He is also well known for his construction of the Blue Mosque, one of the most famous mosques in Turkey.