hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turkish State Highway System
The State Highways of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Yolları) are an integrated network of highways and roads in Turkey, consisting of a numbered grid spanning across the country. They are more commonly called State roads (Turkish: Devlet yolu) and are the primary road network in Turkey. The network is mostly maintained by the General Directorate of Highways (KGM), except for within large cities (Turkish: Büyükşehir) where the respective city municipality assumes responsibility.

In the early 21st century, the network was greatly expanded to accommodate four-lane highways throughout the country. As of 2021, 19,790 km (12,300 mi) of the total 30,974 km (19,246 mi) system are four-lane highways.

Otoyol
The Otoyol (Plural: Otoyollar) is the national network of controlled-access highways in Turkey. The term Otoyol translates to motorway while the literal meaning is auto-route. The Otoyol was first opened in 1973.

As of December 2024, there are 3,796 km of otoyol in service, the network passes through 28 provinces out of 81 in Turkey.

The system previously consisted of three separate networks; the Edirne-Istanbul-Ankara corridor, the Aegean network centred on İzmir and the Southeastern network centred on Adana. With the completion of the O-5 in 2019 and the extension of the O-21 in 2020, these three networks have since been connected. The network is expected to expand to 8,325 kilometres (5,173 mi) by 2053. The minimum speed limit on the Turkish otoyols is 40 km/h (25 mph) while the maximum speed is 140 km/h (87 mph).
2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup qualifying rounds
The 2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup qualifying rounds began on 18 August and ended on 1 October 2023. A total of 52 teams competed in the qualifying rounds to decide the 16 places in the group stage of the 2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup.

All times are local.

2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup group stage
The 2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup group stage began on 26 November 2023 and ended on 3 March 2024. A total of 16 teams competed in the group stage to decide the eight places in the knockout stage of the 2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup.
Lublin R-XIII
The Lublin R-XIII was the Polish army cooperation plane (observation and liaison plane), designed in the early-1930s in the Plage i Laśkiewicz factory in Lublin. It was the main army cooperation plane in the Invasion of Poland. Its variant Lublin R-XIV was a military trainer aircraft.

Plage i Laśkiewicz
Plage i Laśkiewicz (Plage & Laśkiewicz) was the first Polish aerospace manufacturer, located in Lublin and manufacturing aircraft under Lublin name. Full name was: Zakłady Mechaniczne E. Plage i T. Laśkiewicz – Mechanical Works E. Plage & T. Laśkiewicz. The factory produced aircraft between 1920 and 1935, when it was nationalized as the Lubelska Wytwórnia Samolotów.
MobiSystems
Mobile Systems Ltd., also known as MobiSystems, is a Bulgarian multinational software development company specializing in productivity software for Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows and Mac operating systems. The company’s products have been installed over 300 million times by users in 195 countries.

Founded in 2001 in Sofia, Bulgaria, the company is privately held and its flagship products include MobiOffice, MobiPDF, as well as multiple dictionary apps using licensed content from Oxford University Press. In 2014, the company was listed as one of the ‘5000 Fastest-Growing Companies in America’ by Inc. magazine.

MobiSystems is a member of the Bulgarian-Romanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Bulgarian Australian Business Council.

MobiOffice
MobiOffice (formerly OfficeSuite) is a proprietary cross-platform office suite application developed by MobiSystems. It has versions for Android, iOS and Microsoft Windows and has compatibility with the most frequently used Microsoft Office file formats. The software has over 220 million downloads on Google Play and is among the top Android business applications.

MobiOffice is preinstalled on devices by Sony, Amazon, Alcatel, Sharp, Toshiba, ZTE, Huawei, Kyocera and more.
Kinlaza
The Kinlaza were members of the Nlaza kanda or House of Kinlaza, one of the ruling houses of the Kingdom of Kongo during the 17th century. It was one of the main factions during the Kongo Civil War along with the Kimpanzu and Kinkanga a Mvika kandas.  They are remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinkanga, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked).

Kimpanzu
The Kimpanzu were members of the Mpanzu kanda also known as the House of Kimpanzu, one of the lineages from which the kings of Kongo were chosen during the 17th century and following Kongo's reunification under Pedro IV. They are remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinlaza, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked).
Always a Catch!
Always a Catch!: How I Punched My Way into Marrying a Prince (Japanese: 逃がした魚は大きかったが釣りあげた魚が大きすぎた件, Hepburn: Nigashita Sakana wa Ōkikatta ga Tsuriageta Sakana ga Ōkisugita Ken) is a Japanese light novel series written by Mayo Momoyo and illustrated by Itsuki Mito. It began publication as a short story on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō in October 2020. A sequel series began serialization in December 2020. It was later acquired by Square Enix who began publishing it under their SQEX Novel imprint in August 2021. A manga adaptation illustrated by Kaki Nagato began serialization on Square Enix's Manga Up! manga service in April 2022. An anime television series adaptation produced by TMS Entertainment and animated by Troyca is set to premiere in April 2026.

Manga Up!
Manga Up! (マンガUP!) is a Japanese manga service. Originally launched in January 2017, the service hosts manga series published by Square Enix. The service also serializes original works, many of which are derived from other media. In July 2022, the website launched internationally in English.
George Wilson Bridges
Reverend George Wilson Bridges (1788 – 1863) was an English writer, photographer and Anglican cleric. After eloping with his wife, he was Rector for the Jamaican parish of St Dorothy until late 1817, and then Manchester from 1817 to 1823. He moved to become rector at the neighbouring parish of St Ann from 1823 to 1837. He published works against William Wilberforce and another book resulted in his London publisher being found guilty of libel against Louis Celeste Lecesne and John Escoffery. After his wife left him, he lost four of their daughters in a boating accident. Bridges went to Canada and returned to England to meet William Fox Talbot and take up photography. He toured around the Mediterranean taking 1,700 early pictures including Egypt, Greece, the Holy Land and Mount Etna erupting. His last parish was in Gloucestershire.

Beachley
Beachley is a village in Gloucestershire, England, near the border with Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located on a peninsula at the confluence of the rivers Wye and Severn, where the Severn Bridge ends and the smaller secondary bridge over the River Wye begins, both bridges carrying the M48 motorway between England and Wales though the motorway is not directly accessible from the village. The tidal range on this stretch of water is the highest in the UK. Before the construction of the bridge it was a ferry port from where the Aust Ferry operated until 1966. The population in 2011 was 764.
Larry Klein
Larry Klein is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is based in Los Angeles.

He began his career as a bassist, playing with jazz artists Willie Bobo, Freddie Hubbard, Carmen McRae, Joe Henderson, Bobby Hutcherson, Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Bobby McFerrin, and Dianne Reeves. As a bass player he has also worked with artists such as Bob Dylan, Robbie Robertson, Peter Gabriel, Don Henley, Lindsey Buckingham, Randy Newman, and Joni Mitchell.

As a record producer, Klein is a four-time Grammy Award winner, for his work on albums by Joni Mitchell and Herbie Hancock, and has been nominated for six additional Grammy Awards, including three nominations for Producer of the Year. Klein has produced more than 100 albums during his career, for musicians such as Joni Mitchell, Herbie Hancock, Shawn Colvin, Holly Cole, Madeleine Peyroux, The Innocence Mission, Melody Gardot, Walter Becker and Tracy Chapman.

Freddie Hubbard
Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (April 7, 1938 – December 29, 2008) was an American jazz trumpeter. He played bebop, hard bop, and post-bop styles from the early 1960s onwards. His unmistakable and influential tone contributed to new perspectives for modern jazz and bebop.
New Orleans Morial Convention Center
The Ernest N. Morial Convention Center is located in Downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.  The lower end of building one is located 1,640 feet (500 m) upriver from Canal Street on the banks of the Mississippi River. It is named after former Mayor of New Orleans Ernest Nathan Morial.

It has about 1.1 million sq. ft. (102,000 m2) of exhibit space, covering almost 11 blocks, and over 3 million sq. ft. (280,000 m2) of total space, making it the seventh largest convention center in the United States. The front of the main building is 1 kilometer long.

Ernest Nathan Morial
Ernest Nathan "Dutch" Morial (October 9, 1929 – December 24, 1989) was an American politician and a leading civil rights advocate. He was the first black mayor of New Orleans, serving from 1978 to 1986. He was married to civil rights activist Sybil Haydel Morial and the father of Marc Morial, who served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1994 to 2002.
Helen Arney
Helen Arney is a British presenter, stand-up comedian and musician. She has toured with the Uncaged Monkeys alongside comedian Robin Ince and Professor Brian Cox.

Described as a "geek songstress" by the Edinburgh Reporter, Arney plays the ukulele as one third of the Festival of the Spoken Nerd, accompanied by stand-up mathematician Matt Parker and television scientist Steve Mould.  She and Parker are also commentators on nearly every episode of You Have Been Warned (Outrageous Acts of Science).

After performing songs which she felt were "just quirky and different" at a science show organised by Robin Ince, she realised that she could "add science and music together in a meaningful way".

Steve Mould
Steve Mould (born 5 October 1978) is a British educational author, and science presenter who is most notable for making science-related educational videos on his YouTube channel. He is known for his series of videos on the chain fountain phenomenon.
Tango
Tango is a partner dance and social Latin dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries from a combination of Argentine Milonga, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Uruguayan Candombe celebrations. It was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons. It then spread to the rest of the world. A number of variations of this dance currently exist around the world.

On August 31, 2009, UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

Argentine tango
Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires. It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature, and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC. Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia, sadness, and laments for lost love. The typical orchestra  has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the bandoneon. It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally, adding modern elements without replacing the older ones. Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro, Juan D'Arienzo, Carlos Di Sarli, Osvaldo Pugliese, Elvira Santamaría, and Ástor Piazzolla.
Middle finger
The middle finger, long finger, second finger, third finger, tall finger or tall man is the third digit of the human hand, typically located between the index finger and the ring finger.  It is typically the longest digit. In anatomy, it is also called the third finger, digitus medius, digitus tertius or digitus III.

Index finger
The index finger (also referred to as forefinger, first finger, second finger, pointer finger, trigger finger, digitus secundus, digitus II, and many other terms) is the second digit of a human hand. It is located between the thumb and the middle finger. It is usually the most dextrous and sensitive digit of the hand, though not the longest. It is shorter than the middle finger, and may be shorter or longer than the ring finger (see digit ratio).
84th Mixed Brigade
The 84th Mixed Brigade (Spanish: 84.ª Brigada Mixta), was a mixed brigade of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed in March 1937 with battalions of the Iron Column (Spanish: Columna de Hierro) and was disbanded after the tragic events at Mora de Rubielos when 46 soldiers were shot by firing squad in a decimation following the brigade's Battle of Teruel December combats in harsh winter conditions.

In April 1938 a new unit was established with the same number; the new mixed brigade took part in the Battle of the Segre and the Battle of the Ebro before vanishing in the debacle of the Catalonia Offensive.

Battle of Teruel
The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years. The battle was one of the bloodiest actions of the war, with the city changing hands several times by first falling to the Republicans and eventually being retaken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. In the two-month battle, both factions together took 110,000 casualties.

With his superiority in men and material, the Nationalist leader Francisco Franco regained Teruel. This battle became the military turning point of the war.
El Cajon Transit Center
El Cajon Transit Center (formerly Main & Marshall station) is a San Diego Trolley station served by the Copper, Green and Orange lines in the San Diego suburb of El Cajon, California. The station is a major commuter center for the large suburb and is the convergence of multiple local and regional bus routes operated by the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System and Greyhound Lines.

Santee station
Santee station (also known as Santee Town Center station) is a station on the Copper Line of the San Diego Trolley, in the San Diego suburb of Santee, California. The station currently serves as the Copper Line's northern terminus and serves as a major park and ride station. It is located inside a shopping center on the northeast corner of the intersection of Mission Gorge Road and Cuyamaca Street.
Acousto-optical spectrometer
An acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) is based on the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves. A piezoelectric transducer, driven by the RF signal (from the receiver), generates an acoustic wave in a crystal (the so-called Bragg-cell). This acoustic wave modulates the refractive index and induces a phase grating. The Bragg-cell is illuminated by a collimated laser beam. The angular dispersion of the diffracted light represents a true image of the IF-spectrum according to the amplitude and wavelengths of the acoustic waves in the crystal. The spectrum is detected by using a single linear diode array (CCD), which is placed in the focal plane of an imaging optics. Depending on the crystal and the focal length of the imaging optics, the resolution of this type of spectrometer can be varied.

Acousto-optic modulator
An acousto-optic modulator (AOM), also called a Bragg cell or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), uses the acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency).  They are used in lasers for Q-switching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectroscopy for frequency control.  A piezoelectric transducer is attached to a material such as glass. An oscillating electric signal drives the transducer to vibrate, which creates sound waves in the material.  These can be thought of as moving periodic planes of expansion and compression that change the index of refraction.  Incoming light scatters (see Brillouin scattering) off the resulting periodic index modulation and interference occurs similar to Bragg diffraction.  The interaction can be thought of as a three-wave mixing process resulting in sum-frequency generation or difference-frequency generation between phonons and photons.
Reed contrabass
The reed contrabass (Italian: contrabbasso ad ancia; French: contrebasse à anche) is a metal double reed woodwind instrument in the bass-contrabass register, pitched in C. Although the bassoon-like double reed and metal construction make it superficially similar to a contrabass sarrusophone, it is descended from the ophicleide which it resembles in appearance, as well as in the arrangement of the simpler key work and fingering.

Contrabass sarrusophone
The contrabass sarrusophone is the deepest of the family of sarrusophones, built in three sizes pitched in E♭, C or B♭. It was made in the 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in France by its inventor and Parisian instrument maker Pierre-Louis Gautrot and his successor Couesnon & Co., and Evette & Schaeffer. It was also made in Italy by Milan manufacturers Romeo Orsi and Rampone & Cazzani, and in the United States by C. G. Conn, who built instruments in E♭ for US military bands. Romeo Orsi and the German instrument maker Benedikt Eppelsheim make individual contrabass sarrusophones on request.
Ventrifilosa
Ventrifilosa (from Latin  venter 'belly' and  filum 'thread') is a highly diverse group of phagotrophic protists that glide through their flagella and emit filose pseudopods from their ventral side for feeding. Because of their mixture of amoeba and flagellate characteristics, they are amoeboflagellates. Members of this group are the Imbricatea, Sarcomonadea and Thecofilosea.

Sarcomonadea
The sarcomonads (from Ancient Greek  σαρκώδης (sarkṓdēs) 'fleshy, i.e. amoeboid' and  μονάς (monás) 'unit') or class Sarcomonadea are a group of amoeboid biciliate protists in the phylum Cercozoa. They are characterized by a propensity to move through gliding on their posterior cilium or through filopodia, a lack of scales or external theca, a soft cell surface without obvious cortical filamentous or membranous skeleton, two cilia without scales or hairs, tubular mitochondrial cristae, near-spherical extrusomes, and a microbody (probably a peroxisome) attached to the nucleus.
Gabrielino Trail
The Gabrielino Trail is a United States National Recreation Trail that runs through the Angeles National Forest in Los Angeles County, California. Its western trailhead is at Windsor Avenue in Altadena, California, and it runs generally east/west, with its eastern end at Chantry Flat, just north of Arcadia, California. It passes through three major watersheds and has an elevation gain/loss of 3,500 ft (1,100 m).

Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
The Arroyo Seco, meaning "dry stream" in Spanish, is a 24.9-mile-long (40.1 km) seasonal river, canyon, watershed, and cultural area in Los Angeles County, California. The area was explored by Gaspar de Portolà, who named the stream Arroyo Seco because its canyon had the least water of any he had seen. During this exploration, he met the Chief Hahamog-na (Hahamongna) of the Tongva Indians.
Miss Kittin
Caroline Hervé (born 15 July 1973), known professionally as Miss Kittin, is a French electronic music producer, DJ, singer, and songwriter. Since rising to prominence in 1998 for her singles "1982" and "Frank Sinatra" with The Hacker, she has worked with other musicians such as Chicks on Speed, Felix da Housecat and Golden Boy. She released her debut solo album I Com in 2004, a second, BatBox, in 2008, and a third, Calling from the Stars, in 2013. She achieved international popularity with the singles "Rippin Kittin" and "Silver Screen Shower Scene".

BatBox
BatBox is the second solo studio album by French singer and DJ Miss Kittin, released on 4 February 2008 on her own label, Nobody's Bizzness. It was co-written and produced with Pascal Gabriel. The music combines elements of techno and electro and, as Miss Kittin describes it, "a flirtation with Goth culture."
Ponvannan
Ponvannan (born Shanmugam; 23 September 1964) is an Indian actor and director who has worked in Tamil cinema and television. After beginning his career as an artist (painter), Ponvannan apprenticed as a director and writer under Bharathiraja. He subsequently made his directorial debut with Annai Vayal (1992), before making the critically acclaimed venture, Nadhi Karaiyinile (2003). He has since appeared as a supporting actor in films, winning acclaim for his role in films including Paruthiveeran (2007), Ayan (2009) and Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014). In October 2015, he was elected as the Vice President of the Nadigar Sangam alongside Karunas.

Nadhi Karaiyinile
Nadhi Karaiyinile (transl. On the river shore) is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language drama film, written and directed by Ponvannan. Based on the Kannada novel Chandragiriya Theeradalli by Sara Aboobacker, The film, which had an initial release at international film festivals with the title Jameela, stars Suvalakshmi, Rajan P. Dev and Ramji. The music for the film was composed by Sirpy and the film opened to positive reviews in November 2003, after several delays.
414th Unmanned Strike Aviation Brigade
The 414th Separate Brigade of Unmanned Strike Aviation Systems ('Birds of Madyar') (Ukrainian: 414-та окрема бригада безпілотних авіаційних систем «Птахи Мадяра») is a brigade of the Unmanned Systems Forces in Ukraine.

Unmanned Systems Forces (Ukraine)
The Unmanned Systems Forces (abbr.  USF, Ukrainian: Сили безпілотних систем, СБС, romanized: Syly bezpilotnykh system, SBS) is a branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Ukraine is the first country to have a separate branch of its military dedicated to Unmanned Systems. The USF was formally established on 11 June 2024, in the midst of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The USF conducts drone warfare using unmanned military robots on land, sea, and air. The USF does not command or control all Ukrainian drones. The Navy (including the Marines) and the Air Force control their own drone units, as do most of the brigades and units in the various land-based forces (Ground Forces, Air Assault Forces, National Guard, Special Forces, Intelligence Forces, etc) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS), previously known as Spike's disease, is a hereditary dog disease initially found in Border Terriers and has since been documented in many other dog breeds including Labrador Retrievers and Chihuahuas, with similarities to canine epilepsy. Its cause is unknown. In 2015, a study concluded: "Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in Border Terrier's is a gluten-sensitive movement disorder triggered and perpetuated by gluten and thus responsive to a gluten-free diet."

Epilepsy in animals
Epilepsy in animals is a group of neurological disorders characterized by seizures, caused by uncontrolled, abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain. They can start and stop very abruptly and last any amount of time from a few seconds to a few minutes. Canine epilepsy is often genetic, but epilepsy in cats and other pets is rarer, likely because there is no hereditary component to epilepsy in these animals.