hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Howard, Viscount Andover
William Howard, Viscount Andover (23 December 1714 – 15 July 1756), of Elford Hall, Staffordshire, was a British Tory politician from the Howard family who sat in the House of Commons from 1737 to 1747.

He was the eldest son and heir of the Henry Bowes Howard, 11th Earl of Suffolk but was killed in an accident the year before his father's death; his own son succeeded as the 12th Earl.

Henry Howard, 11th Earl of Suffolk
Henry Bowes Howard, 11th Earl of Suffolk, 4th Earl of Berkshire (4 November 1687 – 21 March 1757) was an English peer from the Howard family.

He was the son of Craven Howard and his second wife, Mary Bowes, and baptised three days after birth at St Anne's Church, Soho.

His paternal grandfather, Hon. William Howard, was the fourth son of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire

On 12 April 1706, he succeeded his great-uncle, Thomas, as Earl of Berkshire. After the death of Henry Howard, 6th Earl of Suffolk in 1718, he was appointed Deputy Earl Marshal, an office he held until 1725. In 1745, he succeeded a distant cousin in the older title of Earl of Suffolk, and became Recorder of Lichfield in 1755.
Public university
A public university, state university, or public college is a university or college that is owned by the state or receives significant funding from a government. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape.  In contrast a private university is usually owned and operated by a private corporation (not-for-profit or for profit). Both types are often regulated, but to varying degrees, by the government.

National university
A national university is mainly a university created or managed by a government, but which may also at the same time operate autonomously without direct control by the state. In the United States, the term "national university" connotes the highest institutional level in education, differing in meaning from a "federally-chartered university." Globally, some national universities are associated with national cultural or political aspirations.
For example, the National University of Ireland during the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information about the Irish language and Irish culture. In Argentina, the national universities are the result of the 1918 Argentine university reform and subsequent reforms, which were intended to provide a secular university system without direct clerical or government influence by bestowing self-government on the institutions.
2016 Norwegian Football Cup final
The 2016 Norwegian Football Cup final was the final match of the 2016 Norwegian Football Cup, the 111th season of the Norwegian Football Cup, the premier Norwegian football cup competition organized by the Football Association of Norway (NFF). The match was played on 20 November 2016 at the Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo, and was contested between the First Division side Kongsvinger and the Tippeligaen side Rosenborg. Rosenborg defeated Kongsvinger 4–0 to claim the Norwegian Cup for an eleventh time in their history, and also become the first team in Norway to win the double two consecutive seasons.

2016 Norwegian Football Cup
The 2016 Norwegian Football Cup was the 111th season of the Norwegian annual knock-out football tournament. It began with qualification matches in March 2016. The first round was played on 13 April 2016 and the tournament concluded with the final on 20 November 2016.

The victory would have earned Rosenborg a place in the second qualifying round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, but since the club already had qualified to the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League as winners of the 2016 Tippeligaen, this berth was passed down to Haugesund, fourth-place finishers in the league.
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory in curved spacetime (QFTCS) is an extension of quantum field theory from Minkowski spacetime to a general curved spacetime. This theory uses a semi-classical approach; it treats spacetime as a fixed, classical background, while giving a quantum-mechanical description of the matter and energy propagating through that spacetime. A general prediction of this theory is that particles can be created by time-dependent gravitational fields (multigraviton pair production), or by time-independent gravitational fields that contain horizons. The most famous example of the latter is the phenomenon of Hawking radiation emitted by black holes.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Massy TGV station
Massy TGV station (French: Gare de Massy TGV) is a TGV railway station in Massy and Palaiseau, France. The station was built along the LGV Atlantique and serves as a transfer point to the regional rail system that stops at the nearby Massy–Palaiseau station.

Massy–Palaiseau station
Massy–Palaiseau (French pronunciation: [masi palɛzo]) is a train station in the city of Massy. It is a junction of the RER B, RER C, Transilien Line V and tramway Line 12. In the future, Paris Métro Line 18 of Grand Paris Express will stop here. It is a station in this southern outer suburb of Paris, with a connection to the Massy TGV station.
Henry Lovel, 8th Baron Morley
Henry Lovel (or Lovell), 8th Baron Morley (died 1489) was an English peer and translator, Lord of Morley, Hingham, Hockering, &c., in Norfolk.

He was the son of Alianore Lovel, 7th Baroness Morley, née Morley, (1442–1476) and her husband Sir William Lovel (died 1476), who was Baron Morley in her right.

He married Lady Elizabeth de la Pole (c. 1468 – aft. 1489), daughter of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and wife Elizabeth Plantagenet, sister of Edward IV and Richard III, but had no children from this marriage. He was succeeded by his sister Alice Parker, 9th Baroness Morley, née Lovel (c. 1467 – 1518).

He died Dixmude in 1489, where he was fighting in support of Maximilian, King of the Romans.

Baron Morley
Baron Morley was a title in the peerage of England. On 29 December 1299 William Morley, lord of the manor of Morley Saint Botolph in Norfolk, was summoned to Parliament, regarded as the creation of a hereditary barony. At the death of the sixth baron in 1443, the title was inherited by his daughter Eleanor Morley, the wife of Sir William Lovel, who was summoned to parliament as Baron Morley in right of his wife and died in 1476, shortly before her. It was then inherited by their son Henry Lovel, following whose death in 1489 it came to his sister Alice Lovel, who was married to Henry Parker. The title was then held by her descendants in the Parker family until 1697 when, on the death of the fifteenth baron without children, the title came to an end.
Amanullah Khan
Ghazi Amanullah Khan Barakzai (1 June 1892 – 26 April 1960) was Emir of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1926, and then King of Afghanistan from 1926 until his abdication in 1929. After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War in August 1919, Afghanistan was able to relinquish its protected state status to proclaim independence and pursue an independent foreign policy free from the influence of the United Kingdom.

His rule was marked by dramatic political and social change, including attempts to modernize Afghanistan along Western lines. He did not fully succeed in achieving this objective due to an uprising by Habibullah Kalakani and his followers. On 14 January 1929, Amanullah abdicated and fled to neighbouring British India as the Afghan Civil War began to escalate. From British India, he went to Europe, where after 30 years in exile, he died in Zürich, Switzerland on 26 April 1960. His body was brought to Afghanistan and buried in Jalalabad near his father Habibullah Khan's tomb.

Habibullah Khan
Habibullah Khan Barakzai GCB GCMG (2 July 1872 – 20 February 1919) was the Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 until his assassination in 1919 by Shuja al-Dawla Ghorbandi. He was the eldest son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, whom he succeeded by right of primogeniture in October 1901. His grandfather was Mohammad Afzal Khan.
Bruno Bertagna
Bruno Bertagna (12 October 1935 − 31 October 2013) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the Roman Curia. He became a bishop in 1991 and an archbishop in 2007. Between 1994 and 2007 he was Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts.

Dicastery for Legislative Texts
The Dicastery for Legislative Texts, formerly named Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, is a dicastery of the Roman Curia. It is distinct from the highest tribunal or court in the Church, which is the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, and does not have law-making authority to the degree the Pope and the Holy See's tribunals do. Its charge is the interpretation of existing canon laws, and it works closely with the Signatura and the other Tribunals and the Pope. Like the Signatura and the other two final appellate Tribunals, the Roman Rota and the Apostolic Penitentiary, it is led by a prefect who is a bishop or archbishop.

The current president of the Pontifical Council is Archbishop Filippo Iannone, the current secretary is Bishop Juan Ignacio Arrieta Ochoa de Chinchetru.
Kenya coast galago
The Kenya coast galago (Paragalago cocos) is a species of primate in the family Galagidae. It is found across Kenya and Tanzania, particularly around the northern coastal area of each of the countries, and has been located living from sea level to around 350 metres (1,150 ft) above sea level.

Galago
Galagos /ɡəˈleɪɡoʊz/, also known as bush babies or nagapies (meaning "night monkeys" in Afrikaans), are small nocturnal primates native to continental, sub-Sahara Africa, and make up the family Galagidae (also sometimes called Galagonidae). They are considered a sister group of the Lorisidae.

According to some accounts, the name "bush baby" comes from either the animal's cries or its appearance. The Ghanaian name aposor is given to them because of their firm grip on branches.

In both variety and abundance, the bush babies are the most successful strepsirrhine primates in Africa, according to the African Wildlife Foundation.
Maqluba
Maqluba (also attested by a variety of other spellings in English; Arabic: مَقْلُوبَة, romanized: maqlūba, lit. 'upside-down') is a traditional Levantine dish, a variety of Pilaf that is popular across Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Iraq. It consists of meat, rice, and fried vegetables placed in a pot which is flipped upside down when served, hence the name.

The earliest mention of the dish is found in a 13th-century cookbook, Kitāb al-Ṭabīkh (The Book of Dishes), written by Muhammad Baghdadi during the Abbasid Caliphate.

Pilaf
Pilaf (US: /ˈpiːlɑːf/), pilav or pilau (UK: /ˈpiːlaʊ, piːˈlaʊ/) is a rice dish, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth, adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables, meat, or chicken, and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere.

At the time of the Abbasid Caliphate, such methods of cooking rice at first spread through a vast territory  from South Asia to Spain, and eventually to a wider world. The Spanish paella, and the South Asian pilau or pulao, and biryani, evolved from such dishes.

Pilaf and similar dishes are common to Middle Eastern, West Asian, Balkan, Caribbean, South Caucasian, Central Asian, East African, Eastern European, Latin American, Maritime Southeast Asia, and South Asian cuisines; in these areas, they are regarded as staple dishes.
Hemimastigophora
Hemimastigophora is a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms including the Spironematellidae, first identified in 1988, and the Paramastigidae. Over the next 30 years, different authors proposed placing these organisms in various branches of the eukaryotes. In 2018 Lax et al. reported the first genetic information for Spironemidae, and suggest that they are from an ancient lineage of eukaryotes which constitute a separate clade from all other eukaryotic kingdoms. It may be related to the Telonemia.

Spironematellidae
Spironematellidae (previously known as Spironemidae) is a family of heterotrophic flagellates, in the group Hemimastigophora. They vary in size and shape from the ellipsoid Hemimastix amphikineta (14 × 7 μm) to the vermiform Spironematella terricola (43 × 3 μm), and are united by the possession of two rows of cilia, called kineties.

Phylogenomic analysis shows that Hemimastigophora are a distinct and ancient lineage of eukaryotic organisms, forming a possible sister clade to the supergroup Diaphoretickes.
4-HO-DPT
4-HO-DPT, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine or as deprocin, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT). It is taken orally.

The drug acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It produces psychedelic-like effects in animals. The drug is closely structurally related to other psychedelic tryptamines such as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), 5-MeO-DPT, and psilocin (4-HO-DMT), among others.

4-HO-DPT was first described in the scientific literature by David Repke and colleagues in 1977. It was encountered as a novel designer drug in 2012. A presumed prodrug, 4-AcO-DPT, is also known, and has likewise been encountered as a designer drug.

4-AcO-DPT
4-AcO-DPT, also known as 4-acetoxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine or as depracetin, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family related to 4-AcO-DMT. It has been sold as a designer drug. It is an ester of 4-HO-DPT, a psychedelic tryptamine that was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. Anecdotal reports indicate that 4-AcO-DPT exerts psychoactive effects in humans, however the pharmacology of 4-AcO-DPT has not been examined. It has been identified in illicit products in Japan.
Dinnebitodon
Dinnebitodon is an extinct genus of tritylodontid mammaliamorphs from the Early Jurassic. It has only been found in the Kayenta Formation in northeastern Arizona. It closely resembles the related genus Kayentatherium from the same formation. It is set apart by differences in the dentition, while resembling in most other respects.

Tritylodontidae
Tritylodontidae ("three-knob teeth", named after the shape of their cheek teeth) is an extinct family of small to medium-sized, highly specialized mammal-like cynodonts, with several mammalian traits including erect limbs, endothermy, and some details of the skeleton. They were the last-known family of the non-mammaliaform synapsids, persisting into the Early Cretaceous.

Most tritylodontids are thought to have been herbivorous, feeding on vegetation such as stems, leaves, and roots, although at least one may have had a more omnivorous diet. Tritylodontid fossils are found in the Americas, South Africa, and Eurasia – they appear to have had an almost global distribution, including Antarctica.
Rhode Island Route 165
Route 165 is a 7.1-mile-long (11.4 km) numbered state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It runs from the Connecticut state line east to Route 3 in Exeter. It runs entirely on Ten Rod Road, where one rod is 16.5 feet and so ten rods is 165 feet, matching the route number.

Rhode Island Route 3
Route 3 is a 30.1-mile-long (48.4 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Route 3 serves as a local alternative to Interstate 95 (I-95) as it parallels I-95 for almost its entire length. Route 3 in West Warwick was the site of The Station nightclub fire.
Craig Wolfley
Craig Alan Wolfley (May 19, 1958 – March 10, 2025) was an American professional football player and color analyst for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL).  He played in the NFL as an offensive lineman, spending most of his career with the Steelers before finishing with the Minnesota Vikings.  Along with fellow Steeler Tunch Ilkin and later Max Starks, he hosted a show, In the Locker Room, on WBGG.

Max Starks
Maximillian Weisner Starks IV (born January 10, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Florida Gators.  He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the third round of the 2004 NFL draft, and also played for the San Diego Chargers, St. Louis Rams, and Arizona Cardinals.

A longtime fan favorite among Steeler fans, Starks turned to broadcasting after he retired from playing and is currently the color commentator for the Pittsburgh Steelers Radio Network.
Ukita Hideie
Ukita Hideie (宇喜多 秀家; 1572 – December 17, 1655) was a Japanese Samurai and the daimyō of Bizen and Mimasaka Provinces (modern Okayama Prefecture), and one of the council of Five Elders appointed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.  Son of Ukita Naoie, he married Gōhime, a daughter of Maeda Toshiie.  Having fought against Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Battle of Sekigahara he was exiled to the island prison of Hachijō-jima, where he died.

Ukita Naoie
Ukita Naoie (宇喜多 直家; 1529 – February 1, 1582) was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period. He was born in Bizen Province, to Ukita Okiie, a local samurai leader and head of the Ukita clan.

He has historical reputation as one of Japan's Three Great Villains (日本三大梟雄), a nickname which he shared with Matsunaga Hisahide and Saitō Dōsan, due to their ambitious and treasonous personality, along with the habit of resorting to underhanded tactics and assassinations to eliminate their opposition.
Albanian National Army
The Albanian National Army (ANA; Albanian: Armata Kombëtare Shqiptare, AKSh) is an ethnic Albanian paramilitary organization which operates in North Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo. The group opposes the Ohrid Framework Agreement which ended the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia between members of the National Liberation Army and Macedonian security forces.

National Liberation Army (Macedonia)
The National Liberation Army (NLA; Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare Kombëtare, abbr. UÇK; Macedonian: Ослободителна народна армија, romanized: Osloboditelna narodna armija, abbr. ONA), also known as the Macedonian UÇK (Albanian: UÇK Maqedonase; Macedonian: Македонска УЧК, romanized: Makedonska UČK), was an ethnic Albanian militia that initiated the insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia in 2001 and was closely associated with the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). Following the insurgency, it was disarmed through the Ohrid Framework Agreement, which gave greater rights and autonomy to the state's Macedonian Albanians.
The Throne of Caesar
The Throne of Caesar is a historical mystery novel by American author Steven Saylor, first published by Minotaur Books in 2018. It is the thirteenth book in his Roma Sub Rosa series of mystery stories set in the final decades of the Roman Republic. The main character is the Roman sleuth Gordianus the Finder.

The book begins March 10 and ends March 23, 44 B.C. It describes the assassination of Julius Caesar on March 15, the Ides of March.

Roma Sub Rosa
Roma Sub Rosa is a series of historical mystery novels by Steven Saylor set in ancient Rome and therefore populated by famous historic Roman citizens. The phrase "Roma Sub Rosa" means, in Latin, "Rome under the rose." If a matter was sub rosa, "under the rose," it meant that such matter was confidential.

The detective is known as Gordianus the Finder, and he mixes with non-fictional citizens of the Republic including Sulla, Cicero, Marcus Crassus, Catilina, Catullus, Pompey, Julius Caesar, and Mark Antony.
Borough of Rossendale
Rossendale (/ˈrɒzəndeɪl/) is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Bacup and its largest town is Rawtenstall. It also includes the towns of Haslingden and Whitworth. The borough is named after the Rossendale Valley, the upper part of the valley of the River Irwell.

The neighbouring districts are Burnley, Hyndburn, Blackburn with Darwen, Bury, Bolton, Calderdale and Rochdale.

Hyndburn
Hyndburn /ˈhaɪndbərn/ is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Accrington, the largest town, and the borough also covers the outlying towns of Clayton-le-Moors, Great Harwood, Oswaldtwistle and Rishton. The borough was created in 1974 and takes its name from the River Hyndburn. It had a population of 80,734 at the 2011 Census. Elections to the council are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the 35 seats on the council being elected at each election. Both the Conservative and Labour parties have controlled the council at different times, as well as periods when no party has had a majority.

Hyndburn borders the boroughs of Ribble Valley to the north, Burnley to the east, Rossendale to the south, and Blackburn with Darwen to the west.
Capitol Records
Capitol Records, LLC (known legally as Capitol Records, Inc. until 2007), and simply known as Capitol, is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group through its Capitol Music Group imprint. It was founded as the first West Coast-based record label of note in the United States in 1942 by Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva, and Glenn E. Wallichs. Capitol was acquired by British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary in 1955. EMI was acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company a year later, making Capitol and the Capitol Music Group both distributed by UMG. The label's circular headquarters building is a recognized landmark of Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

Capitol Music Group
Capitol Music Group is an American umbrella label that operates as a unit of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, a division of Universal Music Group (UMG). Inherited from UMG's acquisition of EMI's catalog in 2013, it oversees the handling of record labels assigned to UMG's Capitol Records division.  It  is one of the two umbrella labels that make up the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, the other being Interscope Geffen A&M.
35th Battalion (New Zealand)
The 35th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the New Zealand Military Forces, which served in the Pacific theatre of the Second World War from 1941 to 1944. Attached to the 14th Brigade, the battalion was formed in late 1941 and saw service in the Pacific against the Japanese as part of the New Zealand 3rd Division. It initially performed garrison duties on Fiji and New Caledonia before being committed to the fighting in the Solomon Islands in 1943. Returned to New Zealand in late 1944, the battalion was disbanded in early 1945 during a partial demobilisation of New Zealand forces. Many of its personnel returned to civilian employment while others were sent to Italy as reinforcements for the New Zealand 2nd Division. The battalion was awarded four battle honours for its various engagements during the war.

14th Brigade (New Zealand)
The 14th Brigade was a formation of the New Zealand Military Forces, which served during the Second World War as part of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force. Eventually forming part of the 3rd Division, the brigade served in the Pacific Ocean theatre of the war. Raised in December 1941, the brigade undertook garrison duties in Fiji before being relieved by US troops in mid-1942. After this, it took part in two combat actions against Japanese forces in 1943–1944: the Land Battle of Vella Lavella and the Battle of the Green Islands. In mid-1944, the brigade was broken up to return manpower to New Zealand industry and to meet the reinforcement needs of the 2nd Division in Italy.