hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iowa Highway 17
Iowa Highway 17 (Iowa 17) is a 103-mile-long (166 km) north–south state highway that traverses primarily rural areas in central and north-central Iowa. Iowa 17's southern end is near Granger in Dallas County at a freeway interchange with Iowa Highway 141, and its northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Highway 18 at the Kossuth-Hancock county line near Wesley.

Iowa Highway 141
Iowa Highway 141 (Iowa 141) is an east–west highway in the western and central portions of the state. It is the most direct link between Sioux City and Des Moines. It also serves as an expressway link between Des Moines and the outlying communities of Perry, Granger, and Grimes. Iowa 141 begins near Sloan at an interchange with Interstate 29 (I-29) at ends at another interchange with I-35 /I-80 on the edge of the Des Moines suburbs of Urbandale and Grimes.
Urdhva Pundra
The Urdhva Pundra (Sanskrit: ऊर्ध्वपुण्ड्र, romanized: Ūrdhvapuṇḍra, lit. 'elevated mark') is a tilaka worn by Vaishnavas as an indication of their affiliation with Vishnu. It is generally worn on the forehead, but may also be worn on other parts of the body such as the shoulders. The markings are made either as a daily ritual, or on special occasions, and denote the particular sampradaya, or the lineage to which the devotee belongs. The different Vaishnava sampradayas each have their own distinctive style of tilaka based on the siddhanta of their particular lineage. The general tilaka design is of two or three vertical lines resembling the letter U or Y, which represent the lotus feet of Vishnu.

Tilaka
In Hinduism, the tilaka, colloquially known as a tika, is a mark usually adorning the forehead at the point of the ajna chakra (third eye or spiritual eye) and sometimes other parts of the body such as the neck, hand, chest, or the arm. The tilaka may be applied daily for decorative purposes, as a symbol of religious affiliation, for rites of passage, or other special spiritual and religious occasions, dependent on regional custom. It is also used to honour and welcome someone upon arrival.

Tilakas come in an assortment of styles or shapes and are adorned using various substances such as "ash from sacrificial fire or cow dung, sandalwood paste, turmeric, clay, charcoal or red lead."
KK Vojvodina Srbijagas
Košarkaški klub Vojvodina Srbijagas (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Војводина Србијагас), commonly referred to as KK Vojvodina Srbijagas, was a men's professional basketball club based in Novi Sad, Serbia. The club participated in the Basketball League of Serbia and Adriatic League. They played their home games in SPC Vojvodina.

The club was also known as Nova Vojvodina (transl. New Vojvodina) to distinguish it from the same-name town rivals KK Vojvodina. The club disbanded before the 2016–17 season due to a bad financial situation, when the sponsor, Srbijagas, ceased their investments in the team. It was not a member of the Vojvodina Sport Society, but a successor of the KK Beobanka and KK Novi Sad clubs.

KK Novi Sad
Košarkaški klub Novi Sad (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Нови Сад), commonly referred to as КK Novi Sad, was a men's professional basketball club based in Novi Sad, Serbia. In their last five seasons, the club played in the Basketball League of Serbia. Their home arena was the SPC Vojvodina.
Overlap coefficient
The overlap coefficient, or Szymkiewicz–Simpson coefficient, is a similarity measure that measures the overlap between two finite sets. It is related to the Jaccard index and is defined as the size of the intersection divided by the size of the smaller of two sets:

Note that . If set A is a subset of B or the converse, then the overlap coefficient is equal to 1.

Jaccard index
The Jaccard index is a statistic used for gauging the similarity and diversity of sample sets.
It is defined in general taking the ratio of two sizes (areas or volumes), the intersection size divided by the union size, also called intersection over union (IoU).

It was developed by Grove Karl Gilbert in 1884 as his ratio of verification (v) and now is often called the critical success index in meteorology. It was later developed independently by Paul Jaccard, originally giving the French name coefficient de communauté (coefficient of community), and independently formulated again by Taffee Tadashi Tanimoto. Thus, it is also called Tanimoto index or Tanimoto coefficient in some fields.
Afghan Turkestan
Afghan Turkestan is a region in northern Afghanistan, on the border with the countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. In the 19th century, there was a province in Afghanistan named Turkestan with Mazar-e Sharif as provincial capital. The province incorporated the territories of the present-day provinces of Balkh, Kunduz, Jowzjan, Sar-e Pol, and Faryab. In 1890, Qataghan-Badakhshan Province was separated from Turkestan Province. It was later abolished by Abdur Rahman.

The whole territory of Afghan Turkestan, from the junction of the Kokcha river with the Amu Darya on the north-east to the province of Herat on the south-west, was some 800 kilometres (500 mi) in length, with an average width from the Russian frontier to the Hindu Kush of 183 km (114 mi). It thus comprised about 147,000 km2 (57,000 sq mi) or roughly two-ninths of the former Kingdom of Afghanistan.

Turkestan Province
Turkestan Province (Persian: ولایت ترکستان, romanized: Wilāyat-i Turkistān) was a province in Afghanistan.

It was located in northern Afghanistan in the region still known as Afghan Turkestan. In 1890, Qataghan-Badakhshan Province was separated from Turkestan Province. It is present in an administrative map of 1929, but was abolished by the time of the 1946 population census.

From its founding in 1850 until 1854, Balkh was the capital of the province. However, the city of Balkh was deprecated and in ruins. As a result, in 1854 the capital was moved by Muhammad Afzal Khan to Takhtapul. It would remain the capital until the governor Muhammad 'Alam Khan transitioned to Mazar-i-Sharif between July 1869 and 1873/74.
Transbaikal Railway
The Transbaikal Railway (Забайкальская железная дорога) is a subsidiary of the Russian Railways headquartered in Chita and serving Zabaykalsky Krai and Amur Oblast. The mainline was built between 1895 and 1905 as part of the Trans-Siberian Railway. It bordered the Circum-Baikal Railway on the west and the Chinese Eastern Railway on the east. The railway bore the name of Vyacheslav Molotov between 1936 and 1943. The Amur Railway became part of the network in 1959. As of 2009, the railway employs 46,741 people; its route length totals 3336,1 km.

Circum–Baikal railway
The Circum–Baikal railway (Russian: Кругобайка́льская желе́зная доро́га or Кругобайка́лка, abbreviated "КБЖД") is a historical railway in the Irkutsk region of Russia. It runs along the Northern shore of the Southern extremity of Lake Baikal from the town of Slyudyanka to the Baikal settlement. Until the middle of the 20th century the Circum–Baikal railway was part of the main line of Trans–Siberian Railway; later on, however, a duplicate section of the railway was built. Sometimes called a unique achievement in engineering, the Circum–Baikal is one of the picturesque sights of the area around Lake Baikal.
Ixodes
Ixodes is a genus of hard-bodied ticks (family Ixodidae). It includes important disease vectors of animals and humans (tick-borne disease), and some species (notably Ixodes holocyclus) inject toxins that can cause paralysis. Some ticks in this genus may transmit the pathogenic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi responsible for causing Lyme disease. Additional organisms that may be transmitted by Ixodes are parasites from the genus Babesia, which cause babesiosis, and bacteria from the related genus Anaplasma, which cause anaplasmosis.

Ixodidae
The Ixodidae are the family of hard ticks or scale ticks, one of the three families of ticks, consisting of 750 species, as of 2025. They are known as 'hard ticks' because they have a scutum or hard shield, which the other major family of ticks, the 'soft ticks' (Argasidae), lack. They are ectoparasites of a wide range of host species, and some are vectors of pathogens that can cause human disease.
Lippo Memmi
Lippo Memmi (c. 1291 – 1356) was an Italian painter from Siena. He was the foremost follower of Simone Martini, who was his brother-in-law.

Together with Martini, in 1333 he painted what is regarded as one of the masterworks of the International Gothic, the Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus (now in the Uffizi), probably mainly working on the two saints. He was one of the artists who worked at Orvieto Cathedral, for which he finished the Virgin of Mercy ("Madonna dei Raccomandati"). Later he followed Martini to the Papal court in Avignon, where he worked until the mid-14th century.  After his return to Siena, Memmi continued to work until his death in 1356.

Memmi's famed artwork, La Madonna della Febbre was the first venerated image of the Blessed Virgin Mary granted with a Canonical coronation by a Pope on 27 May 1631. The image has long been since held miraculous and is enshrined at the Sacristy chapel of the Blessed Sacrament inside Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.

Simone Martini
Simone Martini (c. 1284 – July 1344) was an Italian painter born in Siena.
He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style.

It is thought that Martini was a pupil of Duccio di Buoninsegna, the leading Sienese painter of his time. According to late Renaissance art biographer Giorgio Vasari, Simone was instead a pupil of Giotto di Bondone, with whom he went to Rome to paint at the Old St. Peter's Basilica, Giotto also executing a mosaic there. Martini's brother-in-law was the artist Lippo Memmi. Very little documentation of Simone's life survives, and many attributions are debated by art historians. According to E. H. Gombrich, he was a friend of Petrarch and had painted a portrait of Laura.
Alvin Lucier
Alvin Augustus Lucier Jr. (May 14, 1931 – December 1, 2021) was an American experimental composer and sound artist. A long-time music professor at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, Lucier was a member of the influential Sonic Arts Union, which also included Robert Ashley, David Behrman, and Gordon Mumma. Much of Lucier's work explores psychoacoustic phenomena and the physical properties of sound.

Gordon Mumma
Gordon Mumma (born March 30, 1935, in Framingham, Massachusetts) is an American composer. He is known most for his work with electronics, many devices of which he builds himself, and for his performances on horn.
Arkansas Highway 198
Highway 198 (AR 198, Ark. 198, and Hwy. 198) is a designation for three state highways in the Upper Arkansas Delta, United States. One route of 2.45 miles (3.94 km) in Trumann runs from Highway 69 east to Highway 463. A second route of 2.70 miles (4.35 km) connects Highway 140 and Highway 77. A third route of 3.38 miles (5.44 km) runs from US Highway 61 (US 61) near Grider east to the Sans Souci Landing on the Mississippi River. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation.

Arkansas Highway 463
Highway 463 (AR 463, Ark. 463 and Hwy. 463) is a north–south state highway in northeast Arkansas. The route of 22.13 miles (35.61 km) runs from Highway 14 very near I-555 at Payneway north to Highway 18 in Jonesboro. The route is a redesignation of former U.S. Route 63, which has since been rerouted onto US 49.
Gorleston Psalter
The Gorleston Psalter (British Library Add MS 49622) is a 14th-century manuscript notable for containing early music instruction and for its humorous marginalia. 
It is named  for the town of Gorleston-on-Sea in Norfolk.

Gorleston-on-Sea
Gorleston-on-Sea (/ˈɡɔːrlstən/), historically and colloquially known as Gorleston, is a seaside town in the borough of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England. It lies to the South of Great Yarmouth, on the opposite side of the mouth of the River Yare. Historically in Suffolk, it was a port town at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086. It was incorporated into Great Yarmouth in 1836. Gorleston's port became a centre of fishing for herring along with salt pans used for the production of salt to preserve the fish. In Edwardian times the fishing industry rapidly declined and the town's role changed to that of a seaside resort.
San Felipe 250
The SCORE San Felipe 250 is a 250-mile Mexican off-road motorsport race that takes place near San Felipe on the Baja California Peninsula. It was first held in 1982 and is sanctioned by SCORE International.

The 2016 edition was the 30th anniversary of the race, occurring from February 25–28 in a loop format. The 2016 SCORE San Felipe 250 was the first round of a four-race series, including the SCORE Desert Challenge, the SCORE Baja 500 & the SCORE Baja 1000. The event included various types of vehicle classes such as small and large bore motorcycles, stock VW, production vehicles, buggies, trucks, and custom fabricated race vehicles. The course has remained relatively the same over the years with the majority of events being a loop race starting and finishing in San Felipe, Baja California.

Baja 500
The Baja 500 is a Mexican off-road motorsport race on the Baja California Peninsula that is sanctioned by SCORE International. The course has remained relatively the same over the years with the majority of events being loop races starting and finishing in Ensenada. Race course mileage varies and is usually slightly under 500 miles.

The event includes various types of vehicle classes such as Trophy trucks, Dirtbikes, UTVs, Baja Bugs, Buggies and custom fabricated race vehicles.

Alan Ampudia won overall at the 2025 SCORE Baja 500. He completed the 461.03 mile course in 8 hours, 39 minutes and 34 seconds, driving his number 10 ford raptor to claim trophy truck overall win.
Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros
Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros y de la Torre (6 January 1756 – 9 June 1829) was a Spanish Navy officer and colonial administrator. He took part in the Battle of Cape St Vincent and the Battle of Trafalgar, and in the Spanish resistance against Napoleon's invasion in 1808. He was later appointed Viceroy of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, replacing Santiago de Liniers. He disestablished the government Junta of Javier de Elío and quelled the Chuquisaca Revolution and the La Paz revolution. An open cabildo deposed him as viceroy during the May Revolution, but he attempted to be the president of the new government junta, thus retaining power. The popular unrest in Buenos Aires did not allow that, so he resigned. He was banished back to Spain shortly after that, and died in 1829.

Primera Junta
The Primera Junta ("First Junta") or Junta Provisional Gubernativa de las Provincias del Río de la Plata ("Provisional Governing Junta of the Provinces of the Río de la Plata"), is the most common name given to the first government of what would eventually become Argentina. It was formed on 25 May 1810, as a result of the events of the May Revolution. The Junta initially only had representatives from Buenos Aires. When it was expanded, as expected, with the addition of representatives from the other cities of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, it became popularly known instead as the Junta Grande (Grand Junta) or Junta Provisional Gubernativa de Buenos Aires. The Junta operated at El Fuerte (the fort, where the modern Casa Rosada stands), which had been used since 1776 as a residence by the viceroys.
Louis Andriessen
Louis Joseph Andriessen (Dutch: [luˈʋi ˈɑndrisə(n)]; 6 June 1939 – 1 July 2021) was a Dutch composer, pianist and academic teacher. Considered the most influential Dutch composer of his generation, he was a central proponent of The Hague school of composition. Although his music was initially dominated by neoclassicism and serialism, his style gradually shifted to a synthesis of American minimalism, big band jazz and the expressionism of Igor Stravinsky.

Born in Utrecht into a musical family, Andriessen studied with his father, the composer Hendrik Andriessen as well as composers Kees van Baaren and Luciano Berio. Andriessen taught at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague from 1974 to 2012, influencing notable composers. His opera La Commedia, based on Dante's Divine Comedy, won the 2011 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition and was selected in 2019 by critics at The Guardian as one of the most outstanding compositions of the 21st century.

Hendrik Andriessen
Hendrik Franciscus Andriessen (17 September 1892 – 12 April 1981) was a Dutch composer and organist. He is remembered most of all for his improvisation at the organ and for the renewal of Catholic liturgical music in the Netherlands. Andriessen composed in a musical idiom that revealed strong French influences. He was the brother of pianist and composer Willem Andriessen and the father of the composers Jurriaan Andriessen and Louis Andriessen and of the flautist Heleen Andriessen.
Gross register tonnage
Gross register tonnage (GRT, grt, g.r.t., gt), or gross registered tonnage, is a ship's total internal volume expressed in "register tons", each of which is equal to 100 cubic feet (2.83 m3). Replaced by Gross Tonnage (GT), gross register tonnage uses the total permanently enclosed capacity of the vessel as its basis for volume. Typically this is used for dockage fees, canal transit fees, and similar purposes where it is appropriate to charge based on the size of the entire vessel. Internationally, GRT may be abbreviated as BRT for the German "Bruttoregistertonne".

Net register tonnage subtracts the volume of spaces not available for carrying cargo, such as engine rooms, fuel tanks and crew quarters, from gross register tonnage.

Gross register tonnage is not a measure of the ship's weight or displacement and should not be confused with terms such as deadweight tonnage or displacement.

Gross tonnage
Gross tonnage (GT, G.T. or gt) is a nonlinear measure of a ship's overall internal volume.  Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage.  Neither gross tonnage nor gross register tonnage should be confused with measures of mass or weight such as deadweight tonnage or displacement.

Gross tonnage, along with net tonnage, was defined by the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969, and came into force on 18 July 1982.  These two measurements replaced gross register tonnage (GRT) and net register tonnage (NRT).  Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the volume of only certain enclosed spaces.
Anna Komnene (daughter of David of Trebizond)
Anna Megale Komnene (Modern Greek: Άννα Μεγάλη Κομνηνή, transliterated: Anna Megalē Komnēnē, known also as Anna Hatun, Ottoman Turkish: آنا فاتنة; 1447 - after 1463) was a Trapezuntine princess and daughter of the last Emperor of Trebizond, David II and his wife Helena Kantakouzene.

She entered Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror’s harem as one of his “noble guests” and was later married off to his vizier, Zağanos Pasha;  according to one account, she eventually divorced him and married Elvanbeyzade Sinan Bey

David of Trebizond
David Megas Komnenos (Greek: Δαυίδ Μέγας Κομνηνός, romanized: David Megas Komnēnos; c. 1408 – 1 November 1463) was the last Emperor of Trebizond from 1460 to 1461. He was the third son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. Following the fall of Trebizond to the Ottoman Empire, he was taken captive with his family to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople, where he and his sons and nephew were executed in 1463.

In July 2013, David and his sons and nephew were canonized by the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Their feast day was determined as 1 November, the anniversary of their deaths.
Operation Achilles
Operation Achilles was a NATO operation, part of the War in Afghanistan. Its objective was to clear Helmand province of the Taliban.  The operation began on March 6, 2007. The offensive is the largest NATO-based operation in Afghanistan to date. NATO officials reported that, contrary to  previous operations, Taliban fighters were avoiding direct confrontation in favor of guerilla tactics.

It was led by British ISAF forces and focused on the Kajakai Dam and the towns in the area, which is a major power source for Afghanistan that had not been functioning for a number of years. One part of the mission was Operation Volcano, where British Royal Marines successfully cleared a large Taliban complex near the Kajakai Dam, as well as Operation Kryptonite which actually saw the clearing of the dam by allied forces.

Operation Volcano
Operation Volcano was a British operation to clear a village that the Taliban were using as a command and control node, consisting of 25 compounds, near the Kajaki hydroelectric dam in February 2007. The British troops came from 42 Commando, Royal Marines and 59 Commando Squadron Royal Engineers, a squadron drawn from the Royal Engineers but commando trained. During the operation, the marines received fire from Taliban forces further in the compounds and from the village of Chinah. They were killed by British aircraft and the Royal Marine's mortars. Operation Volcano was part of the March–May 2007 Operation Achilles.

Some parts of this operation are described in the documentary Ross Kemp in Afghanistan, which aired in 2008.
McDowell's Mill
McDowell's Mill, often referred to as McDowell's Fort, or Fort McDowell, was a privately-built and garrisoned stockaded blockhouse, built in 1755 in Pennsylvania and fortified in early 1756 during the French and Indian War. While it was a small, poorly built structure, it was the center of several notable events during the war. Even after it was superseded by Fort Loudoun in 1756, McDowell's Mill was garrisoned and served as an outpost until April 1757. After Pontiac's War it was abandoned, but the stockade stood until 1840.: 545

Fort Loudoun (Pennsylvania)
Fort Loudoun (or Fort Loudon, after the modern spelling of the town) was a fort in colonial Pennsylvania, one of several forts in colonial America named after John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun. The fort was built in 1756 during the French and Indian War by the Second Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment under Colonel John Armstrong, and served as a post on the Forbes Road during the Forbes expedition that successfully drove the French away from Fort Duquesne. The fort remained occupied through Pontiac's War and served as a base for Colonel Henry Bouquet's 1764 campaign. In the 1765 Black Boys Rebellion, Fort Loudoun was assaulted by angry settlers, when their guns were confiscated after they destroyed supplies intended for Native Americans. The garrison retreated to Fort Bedford and the fort was abandoned.