hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Risan
Risan (Montenegrin: Рисан, pronounced [rîsan]) is a town in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro. It traces its origins to the ancient settlement of Rhizon, the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor.

Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible limestone cliffs of the Orjen mountain which are the highest range of eastern Adriatic, and through several following narrow straits in the Bay of Kotor from the open sea.

While the Krivošije karst plateau that hangs steep above the narrow shores of Risan bay receives over 5000 mm rain annually (European record), several strong karst springs that form a short brook collect in the narrow cultivable belt at Risan.

Rhizon
Rhizon  was the capital of the Illyrian kingdom under the Ardiaei. During the Roman rule it was known as Rhizinium. Rhizon is the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor and the modern town of Risan (modern Montenegro) stands near the old city.

Originally it was an Illyrian settlement that developed gradually and became the capital of the Illyrian Ardiaean Kingdom under Agron and Teuta. It was the last stronghold of queen Teuta in the first Illyrian war against the Romans. It maintained its status as a significant regional settlement well into the Roman era.
Espíritu Santo (volcano)
Volcán Espíritu Santo is a Pleistocene stratovolcano at the center of the San José volcanic group, located at 90 km (56 mi) from Santiago de Chile at the end of the Cajón del Maipo on the Chile-Argentina border. The 1,000 m (3,281 ft)-wide summit crater of Espíritu Santo volcano overlaps the southern slope of the Marmolejo volcano and partially overlies La Engorda.
The San José complex includes - a part of Espíritu Santo, La Engorda and San José - the Plantat and Marmolejo volcanoes, the latter of which is the highest (6,108 m (20,039 ft)) and located on the North-end of the group.

San José (volcano)
San José Volcano is the stratovolcano that gives its name to a massive volcanic group, at about 90 km (56 mi) from Santiago de Chile at the end of the Cajón del Maipo on the Chile-Argentina border. It lies on the south end of an approximately 10 km (6 mi) x 5 km (3 mi) complex that includes the La Engorda, Espiritu Santo, Plantat and Marmolejo volcanoes, the latter of which is located on the Northern end of the group.
Slowdown Virginia
Slowdown Virginia was an indie rock band from Omaha, Nebraska. Formed in 1993, the band recorded and released one album, Dead Space, on Lumberjack Records in 1994, the predecessor to today's Saddle Creek Records. After playing an influential role in inspiring the later formation of other Omaha bands like Bright Eyes, The Faint, and Desaparecidos with their energetic live shows and recordings, Slowdown Virginia broke up in the spring of 1995. A month after breaking up, Kasher, Maginn, and Pedersen regrouped with a new drummer to form Cursive. Omaha's mixed entertainment venue Slowdown is named in honor of the band.

Cursive (band)
Cursive is an American indie rock band from Omaha, Nebraska. Stylistically described as emo and post-hardcore, Cursive came to prominence with 2000's Domestica and found commercial and critical success with 2003's The Ugly Organ. The band has released ten studio albums, a compilations album, and a mix of singles and EPs since 1997. They have released recordings on several labels, including 15 Passenger Records, Saddle Creek Records, and Big Scary Monsters (UK).
Nikon Coolpix P90
The Nikon Coolpix P90 was launched by Nikon on 3 February 2009 as an improved version of the Nikon Coolpix P80. It is a 12-megapixel CCD digital camera with a fixed 24× zoom lens giving more than twelve times image magnification fully extended.

A year later in March 2010, the camera was replaced by the P100 model. The notable improvement in the P100 is the use of a CMOS image sensor with claimed better light sensitivity and less noise, but with a lower 10 MP resolution.

Nikon Coolpix P80
The Coolpix P80 is a point-and-shoot digital camera produced by Nikon that was introduced in April 2008.

Its image sensor is a CCD with 10.1 megapixels. It has an 18× optical zoom lens that is not interchangeable.

The Coolpix P80 was superseded in March 2009 by the Nikon Coolpix P90.
Jason Dozzell
Jason Irvin Winans Dozzell (born 9 December 1967) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.

As a player, he was a midfielder who notably played in the Premier League for Ipswich Town and Tottenham Hotspur. He also played in the Football League for Northampton Town and Colchester United before finishing his career with non-league sides Canvey Island and Grays Athletic. He was capped nine times at England U21 level. Dozzell holds the record for being the youngest goalscorer in England's top division after scoring for Ipswich Town against Coventry City in a First Division match on 4 February 1984 at the age of 16 years and 57 days (the youngest goalscorer since the formation of the Premier League is Everton's James Vaughan, aged 16 years 270 days). His son Andre also scored on his Ipswich debut aged 16.

Following retirement, he went on to manage several non-League football clubs, both in the Eastern Counties Football League — Ipswich Wanderers and Leiston.

Andre Dozzell
Andre Leon Dozzell (born 2 May 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for EFL Championship club Portsmouth.

Dozzell graduated from the academy at his hometown club Ipswich Town, scoring on his senior debut in 2016. He has won caps for England at youth levels from U16 up to U20, helping England U19 to win the 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. He remained at Ipswich for five years, making over 90 appearances, before joining Queens Park Rangers in 2021. He spent the second half of the 2023–24 season on loan at Birmingham City.
Louis Thompson
Louis Clyde William Thompson (born 19 December 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive-midfielder for EFL League One club Stevenage. He is a former Wales U21 international.

His brother Nathan Thompson is a professional footballer who plays for Milton Keynes Dons.

Nathan Thompson (English footballer)
Nathan Michael Thompson (born 9 November 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender. He is currently a free agent, having left EFL League Two side Milton Keynes Dons in January 2026.
Military beret
Troops began wearing berets as a part of the headgear of military uniforms in some European countries during the 19th century; since the mid-20th century, they have become a component of the uniforms of many armed forces throughout the world. Military berets are usually pushed to the right to free the shoulder that bears the rifle on most soldiers, but the armies of some countries, mostly within Europe, South America, and Asia, have influenced the push to the left (i.e. "French pull").

In many countries, berets have become associated with elite units, who often wear berets in specific colours. For instance, the maroon beret is mostly traditional headgear for airborne forces around the world, with a few exceptions—for example, the Russian Airborne Troops, who wear a sky-blue beret, and the Portuguese Paratroopers who wear a green beret.

Maroon beret
The maroon beret in a military configuration has been an international symbol of airborne forces since the Second World War. It was first officially introduced by the British Army in 1942, at the direction of Major-General Frederick "Boy" Browning, commander of the British 1st Airborne Division. It was first worn by the Parachute Regiment in action in North Africa during November 1942.
February 1951 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, February 21, 1951, with an umbral magnitude of −1.0600. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 6.5 days after apogee (on February 15, 1951, at 9:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This eclipse was the first of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 1951, with the others occurring on March 23, August 17, and September 15.

August 1951 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Friday, August 17, 1951, with an umbral magnitude of −0.8455. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 1.9 days after perigee (on August 15, 1951, at 5:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This eclipse was the third of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 1951, with the others occurring on February 21, March 23, and September 15.
Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, the world's largest parade, is an annual parade in New York City presented by the American department store chain Macy's. While not the first such event held in the United States, the Macy's Parade has become a traditional event watched by many millions of television viewers and in-person spectators each year. The parade was first held in 1924,: 9  tying it for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit (with both parades being four years younger than Philadelphia's Thanksgiving Day Parade). The three-hour parade is held in Manhattan, ending outside Macy's Herald Square, and takes place from 8:30 a.m. to noon Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1953.

The 100th anniversary of the first parade was 2024. Since the parade was canceled during World War II (1942–1944), the 100th parade will take place in 2026.

America's Thanksgiving Parade
America's Thanksgiving Parade is a parade held annually on Thanksgiving in Detroit, Michigan, United States. Started in 1924 by the J. L. Hudson Company, it shares the title for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City, and is four years younger than the 6abc Dunkin' Thanksgiving Day Parade in Philadelphia.
Vyvyan Pearse
Gerald Vyvyan Pearse (7 September 1891 – 19 December 1956) MBE MC was a South African first-class cricketer and British Army officer. Pearse initially played first-class cricket for Natal in South Africa, before moving to England to take up a Rhodes Scholarship at the University of Oxford. He served in the British Army during the First World War with the Royal Field Artillery, during which he was awarded the Military Cross. After the war he played first-class cricket in England for Oxford University, the Free Foresters and the Marylebone Cricket Club. He later served in the Second World War and was made an MBE at its conclusion. He was the youngest brother of the Test cricketer Charles Pearse.

Ormerod Pearse
Charles Ormerod Cato "Ormy" Pearse (10 October 1884 – 28 May 1953) was a South African cricketer who played in three Tests from 1910 to 1911. His brother was the first-class cricketer Vyvyan Pearse.

Pearse was born into a military family in Pietermaritzburg and attended Maritzburg College there. After leaving school he took up banking. He married Dorothy Vera Shepstone in Pietermaritzburg in January 1918. He died of coronary thrombosis at home in Durban on 28 May 1953, aged 68.
Baishazhou
Baishazhou (Chinese: 白沙洲街道; pinyin: báishāzhōu jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Wangcheng District, Changsha, Hunan. It is located on the western bank of the Xiang River. The subdistrict is bordered by Dazehu subdistrict to the south, Jinshanqiao subdistricts to the west, Wushan Subdistrict to the north, Xiufeng subdistrict of Kaifu District and Dingziwan subdistrict across the Xiang river to the east.

The Baishazhou subdistrict was formed by a partition of Xincheng on August 29, 2012. It covers an area of 25.44 km2 (9.82 sq mi) with a population of about 20,709 (2015). The subdistrict has one residential community and three villages under its jurisdiction.

Dazehu
Dazehu (simplified Chinese: 大泽湖街道; traditional Chinese: 大澤湖街道; pinyin: Dàzéhú Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Wangcheng District, Changsha, Hunan, China. It is located on the western bank of the Xiang River. The subdistrict is bordered by the Yueliangdao Subdistrict to the South, Huangjinyuan to the West, Baishazhou, the Gaotangling Subdistricts to the North, and Dingziwan across the Xiang River to the East. Dazehu has an area of 25.33 km2 (9.78 sq mi) and has a population of 26,400. The subdistrict has one residential community and three villages under its jurisdiction.
William Forster (philanthropist)
William Forster (23 March 1784 – 27 January 1854) was a preacher, Quaker elder and a fervent abolitionist. He was an early member of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1839. It was William and Stephen Grellet who introduced Elizabeth Fry to her life's work with prisons, but it was William's brother, Josiah, who accompanied Fry on her tour and inspection of prisons in France.

Josiah Forster
Josiah Forster (1782 – 27 June 1870) was an English teacher and philanthropist. He was an early member of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1839 and a supporter of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Both he and his wife were senior figures in the British Quakers.
Combinatorial proof
In mathematics, the term combinatorial proof is often used to mean either of two types of mathematical proof:

A proof by double counting.  A combinatorial identity is proven by counting the number of elements of some carefully chosen set in two different ways to obtain the different expressions in the identity. Since those expressions count the same objects, they must be equal to each other and thus the identity is established.

A bijective proof.  Two sets are shown to have the same number of members by exhibiting a bijection, i.e. a one-to-one correspondence, between them.

The term "combinatorial proof" may also be used more broadly to refer to any kind of elementary proof in combinatorics. However, as Glass (2003) writes in his review of Benjamin & Quinn (2003) (a book about combinatorial proofs), these two simple techniques are enough to prove many theorems in combinatorics and number theory.

Double counting (proof technique)
In combinatorics, double counting, also called counting in two ways, is a combinatorial proof technique for showing that two expressions are equal by demonstrating that they are two ways of counting the size of one set. In this technique, which van Lint & Wilson (2001) call "one of the most important tools in combinatorics", one describes a finite set from two perspectives leading to two distinct expressions for the size of the set. Since both expressions equal the size of the same set, they equal each other.
Cathays Park
Cathays Park (Welsh: Parc Cathays) or Cardiff Civic Centre is a civic centre area in the city centre of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, consisting of a number of early 20th century buildings and a central park area, Alexandra Gardens. It includes Edwardian buildings such as the Temple of Peace, City Hall, the National Museum and Gallery of Wales and several buildings belonging to the Cardiff University campus. It also includes Cardiff Crown Court, the administrative headquarters of the Welsh Government, and the more modern Cardiff Central police station. The Pevsner architectural guide to the historic county of Glamorgan judges Cathays Park to be "the finest civic centre in the British Isles". The area falls within the Cathays electoral ward and forms part of the Cathays Park Conservation Area, which was designated in 1975.

City Hall, Cardiff
City Hall (Welsh: Neuadd y ddinas) is a municipal building in Cardiff, Wales, UK. It serves as Cardiff's centre of local government. It was built as part of the Cathays Park civic centre development and opened in October 1906. Built of Portland stone, it is an important early example of the Edwardian Baroque style. It is a Grade I listed building.
Lý Thiên Bảo
Lý Thiên Bảo (traditional Chinese: 李天寶, pinyin: Lǐ Tiānbǎo) (499?-555) was the older brother of Lý Nam Đế, who tried unsuccessfully to resist the forces of China's Liang dynasty.

In 548 Lý Nam Đế had fallen ill while resisting the Liang dynasty forces led by Chen Baxian (founder of the Chen dynasty) in the Northwest Vietnam mountains. Lý Nam Đế decided to relinquish his imperial authority and transferred his power to his older brother Thiên Bảo and trusted lieutenant Triệu Quang Phục as co-rulers in his place with the intention of continuing the struggle against the Han.

In 555, Lý Thiên Bảo fell ill and died without leaving an heir, thus making Triệu Quang Phục as sole ruler. Triệu Quang Phục, better known as the emperor Triệu Việt Vương, was able to consolidate the armed forces under Lý Thiên Bảo and Lý Nam Đế against the Han invasion.

Triệu Việt Vương
Triệu Việt Vương (Chữ Hán 趙越王, 524–571), born Triệu Quang Phục (趙光復), was a king of the Vietnamese Early Lý dynasty in the 6th century. He was co-ruler alongside Lý Thiên Bảo from 548 until Lý Thiên Bảo's death in 555, upon which he became sole sovereign until his death in 571. Unlike the other rulers of the early Lý Dynasty, Triệu Việt Vương did not belong to the Lý family, and instead obtained his high position by being the commanding general of Vạn Xuân, where he was best known for leading a resistance against the Liang dynasty that tried to regain Vạn Xuân. He was a pioneer in waging guerrilla war tactics.
Erik Stolhanske
Erik Stolhanske (born August 23, 1971) is an American actor, writer, producer and a member of the Broken Lizard comedy group. He is best known as “Officer Rabbit” from the cult-classic comedy Super Troopers (2001) and its sequel, Super Troopers 2 (2018).

As one of the five principal members of the Broken Lizard comedy troupe, he has starred in all of the group's films, including Beerfest (2006), The Slammin' Salmon (2009), Club Dread (2004), and Puddle Cruiser (1996). Additionally, he has made cameo appearances in The Sweetest Thing (2002) and The Onion Movie (2008). On television, Stolhanske has appeared in HBO’s critically acclaimed series Curb Your Enthusiasm and Six Feet Under, as well as in the Comedy Central special Broken Lizard Stands Up.

The Broken Lizard Group continues to develop new projects, including the much-anticipated Super Troopers 3 and Quasi, which was released on Hulu on April 20, 2023.

Broken Lizard
Broken Lizard is an American comedy troupe that consists of Jay Chandrasekhar, Kevin Heffernan, Steve Lemme, Paul Soter, and Erik Stolhanske. They collaborate on the screen-writing, acting and productions of their films, with Chandrasekhar and Heffernan being the primary directors; the team however does not have any single leader and they work collaboratively when choosing material and writing projects.
Sam Hynd
Sam Hynd (born 3 July 1991) is a retired British para-swimmer. He competed in the Paralympics as a S8 classification swimmer, having club feet and mild form of muscular dystrophy.

Hynd achieved significant success in the 400m Freestyle, winning gold at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, the 2009 and 2011 IPC European Championships, and the 2009 IPC World Championships. Oliver Hynd, Sam's younger brother, finished in second place at the 2011 European event.

Sam retired from competitive swimming in February 2014, at the age of 22.

Oliver Hynd
Oliver William Hynd MBE, known as Ollie, (born 27 October 1994 in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire) is a British swimmer. He competed in the Paralympics as a class 8 swimmer, having neuromuscular myopathy and associated limb deformities. In 2018, following reclassification protocols, Hynd moved into the S9 class, but remained in SB8 for breaststroke.
Shekhawati
Shekhawati is a region in the northern part of the Indian state of Rajasthan, comprising the districts of Sikar, Jhunjhunu, and Churu. The language of this region is also called Shekhawati, which is one of the eight dialects of the Rajasthani language. Shekhawati is known for its grand mansions, their architecture and Shekhawati paintings.

Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Marwari merchants and Shekhawat kings built havelis in the Shekhawati region. It has structures, including houses, temples, and stepwells. All of these structures have painted murals, both inside and out.

Jhunjhunu
Jhunjhunu is a city and municipal council in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jhunjhunu district. It is also the biggest city of the Shekhawati region, which includes Jhunjhunu, Churu and Sikar.
Assadization
Assadization, sometimes also called Alawization, refers to the process of consolidation of power in Ba'athist Syria, which started under President Hafez al-Assad. Assadization had no clear time frame, with it beginning almost immediately after the Assad family came to power and continuing until the fall of the Assad regime. The desire of the Assad family to build a personalistic dictatorship led to the general Assadization of all spheres of life in the country, including the army, the party, the education system, as well as to the spread of propaganda and the cult of personality. The term "Assadization" has also become a household word in some news articles.

The debunking of the personality cult and the entire legacy of the Assad regime became known as De-Assadization.

Assad family's cult of personality
During much of Ba'athist Syria, the ruling Assad family created a cult of personality around the family, first around Hafez al-Assad, the leader of Syria from 1970 to 2000, then following Hafez's death, around his son and successor Bashar al-Assad. This cult developed to incredible proportions, involving numerous portraits, frescoes, images on money and statues, with the Assad family visible everywhere. The Assad regime had complete control over all mass media and all spheres of life in Syria, effectively spreading its cult of personality. Although Assad was not a Stalinist, he built a personality cult on the Stalinist model.
Cen Xi
Cen Xi (Chinese: 岑羲; died July 29, 713), courtesy name Bohua (伯華), was a Chinese historian and politician who served as an official during the Tang dynasty and the Wu Zhou dynasty. He was a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Shang, Emperor Ruizong, and Emperor Xuanzong. He was known for his integrity as an official in charge of civil service affairs, but was later implicated as a partisan of Emperor Xuanzong's aunt Princess Taiping in 713 and was executed when Emperor Xuanzong suppressed Princess Taiping's party.

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ([ɕwǎn.tsʊ́ŋ]; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion.