hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Republic of North Peru
The Republic of North Peru was one of the three constituent republics of the short-lived Peru–Bolivian Confederation of 1836–1839.

North Peru was one of two states—the other being South Peru—that arose from the division of the Peruvian Republic due to the civil wars of 1834 and 1835 to 1836. The states were founded in 1836 to be constituent Republics of the planned Peru-Bolivian Confederation, alongside Bolivia.

The Confederation came to an end three years later after continuous border wars with Argentina and Chile in the War of the Confederation, and after a chaotic civil conflict between north and south Peruvians. In August of 1839, Agustín Gamarra declared the Confederation dissolved; as a result, South Peru and North Peru reverted to being a unified Republic of Peru.

Republic of South Peru
The Republic of South Peru (Spanish: República Sud-Peruana) was one of the three constituent Republics of the short-lived Peru–Bolivian Confederation of 1836–39.

South Peru was one of two states—the other being North Peru—that arose from the division of the Peruvian Republic due to the civil wars of 1834 and 1835 to 1836. The states were founded in 1836 to be constituent Republics of the planned Peru-Bolivian Confederation, alongside Bolivia.

The Confederation came to an end three years later after continuous border wars with Argentina and Chile in the War of the Confederation, and after a chaotic civil conflict between north and south Peruvians. In August 1839, Agustín Gamarra declared the Confederation dissolved; as a result, South Peru and North Peru reverted to being a unified Republic of Peru.
Central Susquehanna Valley Thruway
The Central Susquehanna Valley Thruway (CSVT), also known as the Central Susquehanna Valley Transportation Project,  is a partially-completed 10.84-mile (17.45 km) highway bypass along the U.S. Route 15 (US 15) corridor near Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania. It has been designated as part of Corridor P-1 of the Appalachian Development Highway System by the Appalachian Regional Commission. When complete, it will carry US 15 and Pennsylvania Route 147 (PA 147) over varying stretches of its length. The project includes the construction of a new bridge over the West Branch Susquehanna River and 11.7 miles (18.8 km) of new roadway, including a short freeway connection to PA 61. The first phase of the project, connecting US 15 in Winfield with PA 147 near Montandon, opened in August 2022.

U.S. Route 15 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 15 (US 15) is United States Numbered Highway that runs from Walterboro, South Carolina, north to Painted Post, New York. In Pennsylvania, the highway runs for 194.89 miles (313.65 km), from the Maryland state line just south of Gettysburg, north to the New York state line near Lawrenceville.
Orbit (anatomy)
In vertebrate anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.

Optic nerve
In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.
USS Taylor (DD-94)
USS Taylor (DD-94) was a Wickes-class destroyer built in 1918 for the United States Navy, which saw service in World War I and the years following. She was named for Rear Admiral Henry Taylor.

One of 111 ships of her class, Taylor was commissioned near the end of World War I and patrolled in the Atlantic Ocean during and immediately following the war, though she saw no service supporting the war. After eight years out of commission, she returned to service in 1930 patrolling along the East Coast of the United States and in Latin America. Decommissioned in 1938, she then became a training hulk. During World War II her forward section was removed and grafted onto USS Blakeley after the latter ship was damaged in a submarine attack. Taylor continued to serve as a training hulk until she was sold for scrap in 1945.

USS Blakeley
The second USS Blakeley (DD–150) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy, named for Captain Johnston Blakeley.

Built in 1918, she saw patrol duty along the East Coast of the United States during the interwar era. Decommissioned for several years, she returned to duty at the outset of World War II. She spent much of the war on convoy patrol duty in the Caribbean Sea. On 25 May 1942, while on patrol, she was struck by a torpedo fired by the German submarine U-156, which blew off her forward 60 feet (18 m). Fitted with temporary measures, she steamed to Philadelphia Naval Yard where she was fitted with the forward section of sister ship USS Taylor. She spent much of the rest of the war on convoy patrol duty before being sold for scrap in 1945.
Kostja Zetkin
Konstantin "Kostja" Zetkin (14 April 1885 – September 1980) was a German physician, social economist and political activist.

He was the son of Clara Zetkin, an iconic pioneer of the political left in Germany. For a time, he became the lover of another, Rosa Luxemburg.

Clara Zetkin
Clara Zetkin (/ˈzɛtkɪn/; German: [ˈtsɛtkiːn]; née Eißner [ˈaɪsnɐ]; 5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, communist activist, and advocate for women's rights.

Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She then joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and its far-left wing, the Spartacist League, which later became the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). She represented that party in the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1933.
Omaha kinship
Omaha kinship is the system of terms and relationships used to define family in Omaha tribal culture. Identified by Lewis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Omaha system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese) which he identified internationally.

Iroquois kinship
Iroquois kinship (also known as bifurcate merging) is a kinship system named after the Haudenosaunee people, also known as the Iroquois, whose kinship system was the first one described to use this particular type of system.  Identified by Lewis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Iroquois system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese).
2025 GT World Challenge Europe
The 2025 GT World Challenge Europe Powered by AWS was a motor racing championship for GT3 cars, marking the 12th edition of the GT World Challenge Europe. Organised by the SRO Motorsports Group, it formed the European part of the broader GT World Challenge, which also includes GT World Challenge America, GT World Challenge Australia and GT World Challenge Asia.

The championship split into the Endurance Cup and the Sprint Cup, each with their own respective titles, alongside the overall GT World Challenge Europe championship. The season took place over ten rounds at various European circuits. The annual season prologue, which acted as the championship's pre-season testing, took place between 10 and 11 March, with testing for the 24 Hours of Spa occurring between 13 and 14 May. Racing commenced in April and concluded in October.

2025 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup
The 2025 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup was the fifteenth season of the GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup since its inception in 2011 as the Blancpain Endurance Series. The season began on 13 April at Circuit Paul Ricard and finished on 12 October at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya.
Camp Peary
Camp Peary is a U.S. military reservation in York County near Williamsburg, Virginia, which hosts a covert CIA training facility known as "The Farm". Officially referred to as an Armed Forces Experimental Training Activity (AFETA) under the authority of the Department of Defense, Camp Peary is approximately 9,000 acres. The Farm is used to train officers of the CIA's Directorate of Operations, as well as those of the DIA's Defense Clandestine Service, among other intelligence bodies. Its facilities are available to the members of the intelligence community for "off-site" activities such as conferences and working groups. Camp Peary has a sister facility, "The Point", located in Hertford, North Carolina.

Camp Peary is named for Arctic explorer Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary. Porto Bello, the historic hunting lodge of Lord Dunmore, last royal governor of Virginia, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located on the grounds of Camp Peary.

Harvey Point Defense Testing Activity
The Harvey Point Defense Testing Activity facility, owned by the Department of Defense, is located on a peninsula in Perquimans County, North Carolina, along Albemarle Sound, near the town of Hertford, NC. It was established in World War II as Naval Auxiliary Air Station Harvey Point, an operating base for sea planes conducting anti-submarine surveillance off the Atlantic coast. A close by naval facility, Naval Air Station Weeksville, served as a blimp base from 1941 to 1957, while another former naval air facility remains active as Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City.

To comply with various procurement regulations, the Department of the Navy holds the title to and budgetary responsibility for the facility. Agencies such as the ATF, CIA, and FBI have used the facility for complex training relating to overseas counterterrorism and asset-protection training. It has a sister facility in Virginia called Camp Peary.
Maribo Cathedral
Maribo Cathedral (Danish: Maribo Domkirke) is a Lutheran cathedral church built in the Gothic style in Maribo on the island of Lolland in the southeast of Denmark. It was originally part of Maribo Abbey which was founded in the early 15th century. The chancel, the oldest section of the cathedral, probably dates from 1416. The plan of the church is unusual in that the chancel is at the west end of the building rather than the east as a result of the design instructions left by Saint Bridget.

Maribo
Maribo is a town in Lolland Municipality in Region Sjælland on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. It was the municipal seat of the former Maribo Municipality, until 1 January 2007, and then it became the seat of the current Lolland Municipality.

The merchant town of Maribo is located centrally on Lolland. Its population is 5,786 (1 January 2025). It has, among other facilities, a gymnasium (Secondary school), a public international school, an open-air museum and a cultural heritage museum.

A brewery, "Maribo Bryghus" used to be located in the town, but it was closed down in 2008 by its owner, Unibrew. Beer labeled "Maribo Øl" is still available, but it is brewed elsewhere.
Pentium III
The Pentium III (marketed as Intel Pentium III Processor, informally PIII or P3) brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile CPUs based on the sixth-generation P6 microarchitecture introduced on February 28, 1999.

The brand's initial processors were very similar to the earlier Pentium II-branded processors. The most notable differences were the addition of the Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) instruction set (to accelerate floating point and parallel calculations), and the introduction of a controversial serial number embedded in the chip during manufacturing (absent on Tualatin and later Intel processors).

Even after the release of the Pentium 4 in late 2000, the Pentium III continued to be produced with new models introduced up until early 2003. They were then discontinued in April 2004 for desktop units and May 2007 for mobile units.

Intel officially declared end-of-life and discontinued Pentium III processors on July 14, 2009.

P6 (microarchitecture)
The P6 microarchitecture is the sixth-generation Intel x86 microarchitecture, first implemented in the Pentium Pro microprocessor in 1995. It was partially succeeded by the NetBurst microarchitecture used by the Pentium 4 in 2000, though it continued to be used in new processors through the mid-2000s. The Core microarchitecture, a derivative of the Enhanced Pentium M variant of P6, would later succeed both P6 and NetBurst.

P6 was used within Intel's mainstream offerings from the Pentium Pro to Pentium III, and was widely known for low power consumption, excellent integer performance, and relatively high instructions per cycle (IPC).
New Hampshire Route 120
New Hampshire Route 120 is a 26.928-mile-long (43.336 km) secondary north–south state highway in Sullivan and Grafton counties in the upper Connecticut River Valley region of New Hampshire.  Its southern terminus is at New Hampshire Route 11 and New Hampshire Route 103 in Claremont.  Its northern terminus is at New Hampshire Route 10 in Hanover.

New Hampshire Route 10
New Hampshire Route 10 is a 122.25-mile-long (196.74 km) north–south state highway in western New Hampshire, United States. Its southern terminus is in Winchester at the Massachusetts state line, where it continues south as Massachusetts Route 10. Administratively, the northern terminus is at a junction with U.S. Route 302 in Haverhill.

In the field, however, NH 10 is cosigned along US 302 for an additional 19.8 miles (31.9 km) from Haverhill to an intersection with New Hampshire Route 18 in Littleton. However, this is not officially part of the route.

NH 10 is a multi-state route along with Massachusetts Route 10 and Connecticut Route 10. Its number is derived from its original 1922 designation as New England Interstate Route 10.
Zebrafish
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a species of danionin belonging to the genus Danio in the suborder Cyprinoidei. Native to South Asia, it is a popular, hardy aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio (thus often mislabeled as a "tropical fish", even though they also inhabit subtropical and temperate waters).

The zebrafish is an important and widely used vertebrate model organism in scientific research, particularly developmental biology, but also gene function, oncology, teratology, and drug development, in particular pre-clinical development, due to its scalability from high numbers of offspring and ease of drug delivery through water into the gills. It is also notable for its regenerative abilities, and has been modified by researchers to produce many transgenic strains.

Danio
Danio is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Danionidae found in South and Southeast Asia, commonly kept in aquaria. They are generally characterised by a pattern of horizontal stripes, rows of spots or vertical bars. Some species have two pairs of long barbels. Species of this genus consume various small aquatic insects, crustaceans and worms.
SND Experiment
Spherical Neutral Detector (SND) is a detector for particle physics experiments, successor of the Neutral Detector (ND), created  by the team of physicists in the 
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
There are three major periods in evolution of the SND experiment;

from 1995 to 2000 - data collection at the e+e− storage ring VEPP-2M in the energy range 2E=0.4-1.4 GeV,

from 2001 to 2008 - upgrade of SND and the storage ring VEPP-2M to VEPP-2000,

from 2009 - data collection at the e+e− storage ring VEPP-2000 in the energy range 2E=1.0-2.0 GeV.

ND experiment
Neutral Detector (ND) is a detector for particle physics experiments created  by the team of physicists in the 
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Experiments with the ND were conducted from 1982 to 1987 at the e+e− storage ring   VEPP-2M in the energy range 2E = 0.5 to 1.4 GeV.
Anne Stanley, Countess of Castlehaven
Anne Stanley (May 1580 – c. 8 October 1647) was an English noblewoman. She was the eldest daughter of the Earl of Derby and, through her two marriages, became Baroness Chandos and later Countess of Castlehaven. She was a distant relative of Elizabeth I of England and for some time was seen as a possible heir to the English throne.

In 1630, her second husband, the Earl of Castlehaven, was arrested and charged with being an accomplice to her rape by a servant. He was also accused of sodomy, found guilty and sentenced to death.

Anne Stanley's testimony against her husband was crucial in ensuring his conviction and set the precedent that a wife could give evidence against her husband. After the trial, she lived a very secluded life; her reputation had been severely damaged by the scandal.

Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby
Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby (1559 – 16 April 1594), was an English nobleman and politician. He was the son of Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, and Lady Margaret Clifford. Ferdinando had a place in the line of succession to Elizabeth I according to the will of Henry VIII, after his mother, whom he predeceased. His sudden death led to suspicions of poisoning amid fears of Catholic plots to overthrow Elizabeth.
Association of Black Anthropologists
Founded in 1975, the Association of Black Anthropologists (ABA) is an American organization that brings together Black anthropologists in an effort to better highlight the history of African Americans, especially in regard to exploitation, oppression, and discrimination. It encourages, in particular, the involvement of Black students, including the recruitment of graduates, and establishes exchanges with African anthropologists. It publishes the journal Transforming Anthropology. The ABA seeks to address theories across academic disciplines that do not accurately represent the experience and oppression of communities of color and to aid and strengthen these theories with the inclusion of an African American historical perspective. It is one of the sections of the American Anthropological Association.

American Anthropological Association
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an American organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology. With 10,000 members, the association, based in Arlington, Virginia, includes archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, biological (or physical) anthropologists, linguistic anthropologists, linguists, medical anthropologists and applied anthropologists in universities and colleges, research institutions, government agencies, museums, corporations and non-profits throughout the world. The AAA publishes more than 20 peer-reviewed scholarly journals, available in print and online through AnthroSource. The AAA was founded in 1902.
Nankin-machi
Nankin-machi (南京町; lit. 'Nanjing town') is a neighborhood in Kobe, Japan located south of Motomachi station adjacent to the Daimaru Department Store and is a major tourist attraction. Considered as Kobe's Chinatown, the area has over a hundred Chinese restaurants, shops, and a Chinese temple dedicated to Lord Guan (関帝廟, Kanteibyō).

Motomachi, Kobe
Motomachi (Japanese: 元町) is a district of Chūō Ward in Kobe, Japan. It is located between Mount Rokkō and the port of Kobe.

It is located adjacent to Nankinmachi (南京町: Kobe Chinatown) and Kyū-kyoryūchi (旧居留地: a foreign settlement in the 19th century: there are several buildings from that time, now used as restaurants or coffee shops.). Daimaru department store and several boutiques (BVLGARI, Giorgio Armani, Dunhill, etc.) are in Motomachi, as well as a mile-long covered shopping street.

There were many trading companies in Motomachi in the 19th century.

It is also well known in Japan for its cosmopolitan atmosphere, and foreign influence, similar to the Motomachi area in Yokohama, Ginza in Tokyo and Shinsaibashi in Osaka.
Shatha Altowai
Shatha Altowai (Arabic: شذى التوي) is a Yemeni visual artist known for her figurative, cubist, and abstract oil paintings. She lives in Edinburgh, Scotland. Her work explores issues such as identity, displacement, women, children, and the impact of the civil war in Yemen. She is also known for her artistic collaboration and activism with her husband, the Yemeni pianist and composer Saber Bamatraf.

Altowai has received multiple awards, this includes the IIE-Artist Protection Fund award that was hosted at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities (IASH) within the University of Edinburgh from 2020 to 2021,The John Byrne Award in 2021, and The Scottish Women's Award 2022.

She has been based in Edinburgh since November 2020.

Saber Bamatraf
Saber Bamatraf (Arabic: صابر بامطرف) is a Yemeni musician and cultural activist. He is a self-taught pianist and composer known for his activism and artistic collaboration with his wife the visual artist Shatha Altowai.

Bamatraf's collaborative activism with his wife has appeared on various film and media outlets and at festivals. Notable features include BBC Scotland’s Loop (Series 4, Episode 3), the short film When the Music Stops by Declassified UK,
and the documentary Voice of the Rainbow (Arabic: صوت قزح) at Karama Human Rights Film Festival, in addition to the theatre play Saber Came to Tea at Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
Emperor Zhao of Han
Emperor Zhao of Han (Chinese: 漢昭帝; 94 – 5 June 74 BC), born Liu Fuling (劉弗陵), was the eighth emperor of the Han dynasty from 87 to 74 BC. Emperor Zhao was the youngest son of Emperor Wu.

By the time he was born, Emperor Wu was already 62. Prince Fuling ascended the throne after the death of Emperor Wu in 87 BC. He was only eight years old (by East Asian reckoning). Huo Guang served as regent.

Emperor Wu's long reign left the Han dynasty greatly expanded; however constant warfare had depleted the empire's coffers. Emperor Zhao, under the tutelage of Huo, took the initiative and lowered taxes as well as reducing government spending. As a result, citizens prospered and the Han dynasty enjoyed an era of peace. Emperor Zhao died after reigning for 13 years, at the age of 20. He was succeeded by Liu He, Prince of Changyi.

Marquis of Haihun
Liu He (traditional Chinese: 劉賀; simplified Chinese: 刘贺; pinyin: Liú Hè; c. 92 – 8 September 59 BC) was briefly the ninth emperor of the Han dynasty. Originally King (or Prince) of Changyi (Chinese: 昌邑王; pinyin: Chāngyì Wáng), he was installed by the powerful minister Huo Guang as emperor in 74 BC, but deposed only 27 days later, and omitted from the official list of emperors. He lost his original kingdom of Changyi and was demoted to the rank of marquis. He was given the new fief of Haihun in modern Jiangxi Province and became known as Marquis of Haihun (海昏侯).
Shark Attack 2
Shark Attack 2 is a 2000 direct-to-video horror film. The film follows the mutant sharks from Shark Attack who attack Cape Town. In the film, a shark expert (Thorsten Kaye) and a flamboyant Australian marine hunter (Daniel Alexander) team up to destroy a group of white sharks mutating into a deadlier breed. The film was directed by David Worth and stars Thorsten Kaye and Nikita Ager.

Shark Attack (film)
Shark Attack is a 1999 television action thriller film by Lionsgate that first premiered on HBO directed by Bob Misiorowski and starring Casper Van Dien, Jenny McShane and Ernie Hudson. In a once tranquil African fishing village, a marine biologist searches for answers when his friend becomes a victim in a series of brutal shark attacks.