hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet
The 1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet, a German scientific expedition, took place in Tibet between April 1938 and August 1939 under the leadership of the German zoologist and SS-officer Ernst Schäfer.

Ernst Schäfer
Ernst Schäfer (German pronunciation: [ˈɛʁnst ˈʃɛːfɐ]; 14 March 1910 – 21 July 1992) was a German explorer, hunter and zoologist in the 1930s, specializing in ornithology. He was also a member of Nazi Germany's racist pseudoscientific Ahnenerbe organization, and held the rank of an SS-Sturmbannführer.
Airline alliance
An airline alliance is an aviation industry arrangement between two or more airlines agreeing to cooperate on a substantial level. Alliances may provide marketing branding to facilitate travelers making inter-airline codeshare connections within countries. This branding may involve unified aircraft liveries of member aircraft.

In 2015, Star Alliance was the largest with 23% of total scheduled traffic in revenue passenger kilometres (RPKs)/revenue passenger miles (RPMs), followed by SkyTeam with 20.4% and Oneworld with 17.8%, leaving 38.8% for others. In 2019, by number of passengers, Star Alliance was leading 762 million, followed by SkyTeam (630 million) and Oneworld (535 million).

Star Alliance
Star Alliance is an airline alliance headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. Founded on 14 May 1997, it was the world's first global airline alliance. Star Alliance has 25 member airlines that operate a combined fleet of over 5,000 aircraft, serving more than 1,300 airports in 195 countries on more than 19,000 daily departures.

As of April 2024, it is the world's largest airline alliance by market share, holding 17.4 percent compared to 13.7 percent for SkyTeam and 11.9 percent for Oneworld.

The alliance has a two-tier rewards program, Silver and Gold, with incentives including priority boarding and upgrades. Like other airline alliances, Star Alliance airlines share airport terminals (known as co-locations), and many member aircraft are painted in the alliance's livery.
Canolfan Tryweryn
Canolfan Tryweryn is the National White Water Centre for Wales, and is based near Bala in north Wales. In 1986, it developed the first commercial white water rafting operation in the UK. The centre is home to paddlesport National Governing Body Canoe Wales.

Afon Tryweryn
Afon Tryweryn is a river in the north of Wales which starts at Llyn Tryweryn in the Snowdonia National Park and after 19 kilometres (12 mi) joins the river Dee at Bala. One of the main tributaries of the Dee, it was dammed in 1965 to form Llyn Celyn. The Tryweryn flooding forcibly removed residents of the village of Capel Celyn despite popular and political opposition in Wales. The resulting graffiti "Cofiwch Dryweryn" ('remember Tryweryn') near Llanrhystud became an icon of Welsh feeling. Water is stored in Llyn Celyn in winter when flows are high, and released over the summer to maintain the flow in the Dee (water from the Dee is used as the water supply for large areas of north-east Wales, and for the Wirral and much of Liverpool in England).
Finger agnosia
Finger agnosia, first defined in 1924 by Josef Gerstmann, is the loss in the ability to distinguish, name, or recognize the fingers—not only the patient's own fingers, but also the fingers of others, and drawings and other representations of fingers. It is one of a tetrad of symptoms in Gerstmann syndrome, although it is also possible for finger agnosia to exist on its own without any other disorders.  Usually, lesions to the left angular gyrus and posterior parietal areas can lead to finger agnosia.

Gerstmann syndrome
Gerstmann syndrome is a neurological disorder that is characterized by a constellation of symptoms that suggests the presence of a lesion usually near the junction of the temporal and parietal lobes at or near the angular gyrus. Gerstmann syndrome is typically associated with damage to the inferior parietal lobule of the dominant hemisphere. It is classically considered a left-hemisphere disorder, although right-hemisphere damage has also been associated with components of the syndrome.

It is named after Jewish Austrian-born American neurologist Josef Gerstmann.
Miami Grand Prix
The Miami Grand Prix is a Formula One Grand Prix which was held for the first time during the 2022 season, with the event taking place at the Miami International Autodrome which is located around the grounds and private facilities of Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, a suburb of Miami located 16 miles (26 km) north of downtown Miami.

Miami International Autodrome
The Miami International Autodrome is a purpose-built temporary circuit around Hard Rock Stadium and its private facilities in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. The track is 3.363 mi (5.412 km) long and features 19 corners with an average in a Formula One car of around 139 mph (224 km/h) in qualifying. The track was designed by Formula One track designers, Apex Circuit Design, for the Miami Grand Prix, which was added to the Formula One calendar for the 2022 World Championship.
Margy Kinmonth
Margy Kinmonth is a British film director and producer.

Covering a wide range of genres, her award-winning films include feature documentaries Revolution: New Art for a New World, Hermitage Revealed, Royal Paintbox with King Charles III, War Art with Eddie Redmayne, Looking for Lowry, Mariinsky Theatre, The Nutcracker Story, The Secret World of Haute Couture,The Strange World of Barry Who? and Naked Hollywood.

Kinmonth has received numerous awards for her work, including the BAFTA for Best Documentary Series, the Royal Television Society Arts Award and the Creative Originality Award at the Women in Film and Television Awards. She is the founding director of independent film company Foxtrot Films Ltd.

In 2022 Kinmonth made the feature documentary Eric Ravilious: Drawn to War, released by Dartmouth Films. This was the first major feature film to be made about the British war artist Eric Ravilious, who was killed in a plane crash over Iceland in 1942.

Eric Ravilious: Drawn to War
Eric Ravilious: Drawn to War is a 2022 British film written and directed by Margy Kinmonth. It is the first feature film to be made about the English war artist Eric Ravilious. It features the voices of Freddie Fox, Tamsin Greig, Jeremy Irons and Harriet Walter and includes contributions from Ai Weiwei, Grayson Perry, Alan Bennett and Robert Macfarlane.
Nikolay Alekseyevich Bobrinski
Professor Count Nikolay Alekseyevich Bobrinsky (Russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич Бо́бринский; 10 March 1890 – 27 December 1964) was a Russian zoologist and biogeographer. He was a student of M.A. Menzbier and was especially interested in the zoogeography of mammals. He published several influential textbooks including one on zoogeography.

Mikhail Menzbier
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Menzbier (Russian: Михаил Александрович Мензбир; 23 October 1855 – 10 October 1935) was a Russian and Soviet ornithologist. He was a professor of comparative anatomy at the Moscow University and promoted an evolutionary view of faunistics in the Soviet Union. He also studied the birds of prey, published a textbook of zoology, and a two volume work on the birds of Russia.
Milon Tithi
Milon Tithi (Bengali: মিলন তিথি) is an Indian Bengali language television soap that premiered on 23 November 2015 on Star Jalsha. The story primarily revolves around Aditya, Arjun, Ahona and Bonhi. It was produced by Acropoliis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. and starred Riju Biswas, Ushasi Ray, Jeetu Kamal, Debjani Chakraborty and Ishaan Majumder in the lead roles. The show was replaced by Pratidaan.

Ushasi Ray
Ushasi Roy is an Indian TV actress and model. She is well known for her lead role as 'Ahona' in Star Jalsha's Milon Tithi as well as for playing the titular lead as 'Bokul' in Bokul Kotha. She has played the role 'Kadambini' in Zee Bangla's Kadambini. She recently made her debut in web series as 'Brinda' in Turu Love at Hoichoi. She also made her debut in cinema as Lakshmi in Iskaboner Rani which was aired on Zee Bangla Cinema. Sundarban er vidyasagar, Gobhir jwoler maach is her recent web series. Her upcoming movie name is "Ayurekha" & "Prantik". She studied in Kamala Girls' High School and graduated in from Asutosh College in Kolkata. She had started hosting some episodes of Zee Bangla Rannaghor not all but including Pohela Baishakh and others.
Ryukyuan missions to Imperial China
Ryukyuan kings intermittently sent diplomatic missions to the Ming and Qing emperors. These diplomatic contacts were within the Sinocentric system of bilateral and multinational relationships in East Asia. A total of 347 Ryukyuan missions to China have been recorded.

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Kirchhoff's circuit laws
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference (commonly known as voltage) in the lumped element model of electrical circuits. They were first described in 1845 by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. This generalized the work of Georg Ohm and preceded the work of James Clerk Maxwell. Widely used in electrical engineering, they are also called Kirchhoff's rules or simply Kirchhoff's laws. These laws can be applied in time and frequency domains and form the basis for network analysis.

Both of Kirchhoff's laws can be understood as corollaries of Maxwell's equations in the low-frequency limit. They are accurate for DC circuits, and for AC circuits at frequencies where the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are very large compared to the circuits.

Lumped-element model
The lumped-element model (also called lumped-parameter model, or lumped-component model) is a simplified representation of a physical system or circuit that assumes all components are concentrated at a single point and their behavior can be described by idealized mathematical models. The lumped-element model simplifies the system or circuit behavior description into a topology. It is useful in electrical systems (including electronics), mechanical multibody systems, heat transfer, acoustics, etc. This is in contrast to distributed parameter systems or models in which the behaviour is distributed spatially and cannot be considered as localized into discrete entities.

The simplification reduces the state space of the system to a finite dimension, and the partial differential equations (PDEs) of the continuous (infinite-dimensional) time and space model of the physical system into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a finite number of parameters.
Patriots for Europe
Patriots for Europe (PfE or Patriots) is a right-wing to far-right sovereigntist political group, formed as the third-largest group ahead of the tenth European Parliament.

The group includes all MEPs of the former Identity and Democracy group (except one MEP from AfD), as well as members from other groups. The group also seeks to coordinate the work of its members at the European Council and the Council of the European Union.

Europe of Sovereign Nations Group
The Europe of Sovereign Nations Group (ESN; French: L'Europe des Nations Souveraines, ENS; German: Europa der Souveränen Nationen) is a far-right political group in the European Parliament, formed on 10 July 2024 as the smallest group ahead of the 10th European Parliament. Its members previously belonged to the Identity and Democracy group, the European Conservatives and Reformists Group or were non-attached.
El Sahel
El-Sahel of Cairo (Arabic: الساحل  IPA: [esˈsæːħel, elˈ-]) is a district in the Northern Area of Cairo, Egypt. It used to form part of a larger district of Shubra that was established as a garden suburb of Cairo in the 19th century until it was subdivided in 1988 into the districts of al-Sahel (the northern half of old Shubra from Khulusi Street to the south to the Ismailia Canal to the North), Rod El Farag (the south western quarter), and Shubra (the south eastern quarter).

Shubra
Shubra (Arabic: شبرا, IPA: [ˈʃobɾɑ]; also written Shoubra or Shobra) is a district of Cairo, Egypt and it is one of eight districts that make up the Northern Area. Administratively it used to cover the entire area of the three districts of Shubra, Rod El Farag, and El Sahel, until it was broken up in 1988. Therefore, many places associated with the original, larger Shubra are known as belonging to it, even though administratively they lie in one of the other two districts.

The larger Shubra is historically related to the city of Shubra El Kheima, although in the Qalyubiyya Governorate immediately to the north of Shubra, and contiguous to it.
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital
The Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (MNI), also known as Montreal Neuro or The Neuro, is a research and medical centre dedicated to neuroscience, training and clinical care, located in the city's downtown core of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is part of the McGill University Health Centre network and is situated on the southern slope of Mount Royal along the east side of University Street, just north of Pine Avenue. It was founded in 1934 by neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield,and William Cone, a neurosurgeon, who both developed the Montreal procedure there for the treatment of epilepsy.

Wilder Penfield
Wilder Graves Penfield OM CC CMG FRS (January 26, 1891 – April 5, 1976) was an American-Canadian neurosurgeon. He expanded brain surgery's methods and techniques, including mapping the functions of various regions of the brain such as the cortical homunculus. His scientific contributions on neural stimulation expand across a variety of topics including hallucinations, illusions, dissociation and déjà vu. Penfield devoted much of his thinking to mental processes, including contemplation of whether there was any scientific basis for the existence of the human soul.
Russky Island
43°00′N 131°51′E﻿ / ﻿43.00°N 131.85°E﻿ / 43.00; 131.85

Russky Island (Russian: Ру́сский о́стров, lit. 'Russian Island') is an island in Peter the Great Gulf in the Sea of Japan, in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is the largest island in the Eugénie Archipelago, separated from the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula immediately to the north by the Eastern Bosphorus, and is one of the four islands in Primorsky Krai that are permanently inhabited, with a population of 10,424 (2021).

Russky Island is home to Far Eastern Federal University and the southern span of the Russky Bridge, the world's longest cable-stayed bridge, connecting the island across the Eastern Bosphorus to the mainland portion of Vladivostok.

Russky Bridge
43°03′47″N 131°54′30″E﻿ / ﻿43.06306°N 131.90833°E﻿ / 43.06306; 131.90833
The Russky Bridge (Russian: Русский мост, lit. 'Russian Bridge') is a cable-stayed bridge in Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia. The bridge connects the Russky Island and the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula sections of the city across the Eastern Bosphorus strait, and with a central span of 1,104 metres (3,622 feet), it is the  second longest cable-stayed bridge in the world as of 2025. The architect of the Russky Island Bridge is Vlydskinol Ptrov. The Russky Bridge was originally built to serve the 2012 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation conference hosted at the Far Eastern Federal University campus on Russky Island. It was completed in July 2012 and opened by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, and on September 3, 2012, the bridge was officially given its name.
Mick West
Mick West (born 1967) is an American science writer, skeptical investigator, and retired video game programmer. He is the creator of the websites Contrail Science and Metabunk, and he investigates and debunks pseudoscientific claims and conspiracy theories such as chemtrails and UFOs. His first book is Escaping the Rabbit Hole: How to Debunk Conspiracy Theories Using Facts, Logic, and Respect (2018).

West has appeared in various media including The New York Times, CBS, the BBC, CNN, NewsNation, New York Magazine, Radio New Zealand, Popular Mechanics and Scientific American as an expert conspiracy analyst and science communicator. He has twice been a speaker at the conference of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, and in 2020 was elected a fellow of the organization.

Debunker
A debunker is a person or organization that exposes or discredits claims believed to be false, exaggerated, or pretentious. The term is often associated with skeptical investigation of controversial topics such as UFOs, claimed paranormal phenomena, cryptids, conspiracy theories, alternative medicine, religion, and exploratory or fringe areas of scientific or pseudoscientific research. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "debunk" is defined as: "to expose the sham or falseness of." The  New Oxford American Dictionary defines "debunk" as "expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief)". If debunkers are not careful, their communications may backfire – increasing an audience's long-term belief in myths. Backfire effects can occur if a message spends too much time on the negative case, if it is too complex, or if the message is threatening.
Loes River
The Loes River (Portuguese: Ribeira de Lois or Rio Lois, Tetum: Mota Lois) is the longest river in Timor-Leste with a total length of 123 km (76 mi) and one of the few perennial rivers in the country's north.

The river combines with its tributaries to make up Timor-Leste's largest river system, and its catchment or drainage basin extends into the province of East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia.

The river and tributaries drain from the central mountains of Timor in a generally northeasterly direction into Ombai Strait. However, the river itself flows in a northwesterly direction, along the border between Bobonaro and Liquiçá municipalities in Timor-Leste.

Bobonaro Municipality
Bobonaro (Portuguese: Município Bobonaro, Tetum: Munisípiu Bobonaru, or Munisípiu Buburnaru) is a municipality (and was formerly a district) in Timor-Leste. It is the second-most western municipality on the east half of the island. It has a population of 92,045 (Census 2010) and an area of 1,376 km2.
Kevin Norton
Kevin Norton (born January 21, 1956) is an American percussionist and composer active in the New York City jazz and contemporary music scenes.  He has performed and recorded with a diverse group of musicians, including Anthony Braxton, Paul Dunmall, Milt Hinton, Fred Frith, David Krakauer, Joëlle Léandre, Frode Gjerstad, Wilber Morris, James Emery, Bern Nix, and many others. In 1999, he founded Barking Hoop Recordings, a record label dedicated to releasing new and original music. Kevin Norton has also spent summers at camp Encore/Coda in Maine teaching music theory classes and private percussion classes. The label has released 11 CDs to date, which feature Norton's own groups as well as artists such as Anthony Braxton, Kevin O'Neil, Billy Stein, and the String Trio of New York.

Frode Gjerstad
Frode Gjerstad (born 24 March 1948) is a Norwegian jazz musician with alto saxophone as principal instrument, but he also plays other saxophones, clarinet, and flute. He has collaborated with Paal Nilssen-Love, Borah Bergman, Peter Brötzmann, Evan Parker, Derek Bailey, Bjørn Kjellemyr, Terje Isungset, William Parker, Sabir Mateen, John Stevens, Johnny Dyani, Kent Carter, and since 1979 has contributed to more than 50 recordings.
Antipope
An antipope (Latin: antipapa) is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church in opposition to the officially elected pope. Between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by factions within the Church itself and secular rulers.  While modern claimants to the papacy still take place, they are rarely given serious consideration by either the public or the Church.

Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish which of two claimants should be called pope and which antipope, as in the case of Pope Leo VIII and Pope Benedict V.

Pope Leo VIII
Pope Leo VIII (c. 915 – 1 March 965) was a Roman prelate who claimed the Holy See from 963 until 964 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V and again from 23 June 964 to his death. Today, he is considered by the Catholic Church to have been an antipope during the first period and the legitimate pope during the second. An appointee of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, Leo VIII's pontificate occurred after the period known as the saeculum obscurum.
Tail suspension test
The tail suspension test (TST) is an experimental method used in scientific research to measure stress in rodents. It is based on the observation that if a mouse is subjected to short term inescapable stress then the mouse will become immobile. It is used to measure the effectiveness of antidepressant-like agents but there is significant controversy over its interpretation and usefulness.

Behavioural despair test
The behavioural despair test (or Porsolt forced swimming test) is a test, centered on a rodent's response to the threat of drowning, whose result has been interpreted as measuring susceptibility to negative mood. It is commonly used to measure the effectiveness of antidepressants, although significant criticisms of its interpretation have been made.
Scout Rock
Scout Rock (known locally as Scout Rocks), is a rock face, once a quarry, cut into a hill called Hathershelf Scout and is on the south side of the Upper Calder Valley in the village of Mytholmroyd near Hebden Bridge, England. At its height, the cliff rises 130m above the village and the exposed rock face is visible from as far as Chiserley and Luddendenfoot. The majority of the rock face is now covered in vegetation. Hathershelf Forest is situated at the base of the cliff, and a large beacon stands around half way up the hill on the western side of the cliff face.

Mytholmroyd
Mytholmroyd (/ˈmaɪðəmrɔɪd/ ⓘ MY-thəm-roid) is a large village in the civil parish of Hebden Royd, in the Calderdale district of West Yorkshire, England, 2 miles (3 km) east of Hebden Bridge. It lies in the Upper Calder Valley, 10 miles (16 km) east of Burnley and 7 miles (11 km) west of Halifax. There are more than 21 listed buildings in the village.
Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski
Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski (Croatian pronunciation: [ǐʋan kukǔːʎeʋit͡ɕ sǎkt͡sinskiː]; 29 May 1816 – 1 August 1889) was a Croatian historian, politician, and writer, most famous for delivering the first speech in Croatian before Parliament. Considered a renowned patriot, Kukuljević was a proponent of Illyrian movement and avid collector of historical documents, primarily those for his work in Croatian historiography and bibliography.

Illyrian movement
The Illyrian movement (Croatian: Ilirski pokret; Slovene: Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of the 19th century, around the years of 1835 to 1863. This movement aimed to create a Croatian national establishment in Austria-Hungary through linguistic and ethnic unity, and through it lay the foundation for cultural and linguistic unification of all South Slavs under the revived umbrella term Illyrian.

Aspects of the movement pertaining to the development of Croatian culture are considered in Croatian historiography to be part of the Croatian national revival (Croatian: Hrvatski narodni preporod).