hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Connecticut v. Doehr
Connecticut v. Doehr, 501 U.S. 1 (1991), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a state statute authorizing prejudgment attachment of a defendant's real property upon the filing of an action without prior notice or hearing, a showing of extraordinary circumstances, or a requirement that the plaintiff post a bond violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Attachment (law)
Attachment is a legal process by which a court of law, at the request of a creditor, designates specific property owned by the debtor to be transferred to the creditor, or sold for the benefit of the creditor. A wide variety of legal mechanisms are employed by debtors to prevent the attachment of their assets.
Brynjulf Blix
Brynjulf Blix (born December 20, 1951) is a Norwegian pianist. Known from his collaboration with Terje Rypdal, Blix received broader notoriety as a member of the group Alex, supporting the singer Alex Naumik. Blix is also known for his  knowledge of electronic music and computer science. He has worked as a computer journalist for DinSide. He has withdrawn from performing, concentrating on his writing, though he has appeared in Norway with the band PATEYs PIPE.

Alex Naumik
Alexandra Naumik (formerly Alexandra Sandøy; 12 August 1949 – 17 September 2013), better known by her stage name Alex,  was a Lithuanian-born, Polish-Norwegian rock and pop artist who rose to fame in the late 1970s.
Josef Ackermann
Josef Meinrad Ackermann (born 7 February 1948) is a Swiss banker, former chairman of the Bank of Cyprus, and former chief executive officer of Deutsche Bank. He has also been a member of the Washington-based financial advisory body, the Group of Thirty.

Bank of Cyprus
The Bank of Cyprus (BoC; Greek: Τράπεζα Κύπρου; Turkish: Kıbrıs Bankası) is a Cypriot financial services company established in 1899 with its headquarters in Strovolos.

Bank of Cyprus has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.
Guy Consolmagno
Brother Guy J. Consolmagno, SJ (born September 19, 1952), is an American research astronomer, physicist, religious brother, director of the Vatican Observatory, and President of the Vatican Observatory Foundation.

Vatican Observatory
The Vatican Observatory (Italian: Specola Vaticana) is an astronomical research and educational institution supported by the Holy See. Originally based in the Roman College of Rome, the Observatory is now headquartered in Castel Gandolfo, Italy and operates a telescope at the Mount Graham International Observatory in the United States.
Beheading of John the Baptist
The beheading of John the Baptist, also known as the decollation of Saint John the Baptist or the beheading of the Forerunner, is a biblical event commemorated as a holy day by various Christian churches. According to the New Testament, Herod Antipas, ruler of Galilee under the Roman Empire, had imprisoned John the Baptist because he had publicly reproved Herod for divorcing his first wife and unlawfully taking his sister-in-law (his brother's wife) Herodias as his second wife.  He then ordered him to be killed by beheading.

As a non-Biblical source, Jewish historian Josephus also recounts that Herod had John imprisoned and killed due to "the great influence John had over the people", which might persuade John "to raise a rebellion". Josephus also writes that many of the Jews believed that Herod's later military disaster was God's punishment for his treatment of John.

Liturgical year
The liturgical year, also called the church year, Christian year, ecclesiastical calendar, or kalendar, consists of the cycle of liturgical days and seasons that determines when feast days, including celebrations of saints, are to be observed, and which portions of scripture are to be read.

Distinct liturgical colours may be used in connection with different seasons of the liturgical year. The dates of the festivals vary somewhat among the different churches, although the sequence and logic is largely the same.
Diocese of Kruszwica
Bishops of Kujawy (later known as bishops of Włocławek) are the bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kujawy (1133–1818), Roman Catholic Diocese of Kujawy–Kalisz (1818–1925) and Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek (from 1925).

Diocese of Włocławek
The Diocese of Włocławek (Latin: Dioecesis Vladislaviensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Poland. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Gniezno. Until the 20th century, it was known as the Diocese of Kujawy.

The bishops' seat is Włocławek Cathedral, also a minor basilica: Bazylika Katedralna Wniebowzięcia NMP in the city of Włocławek, in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. The diocese has two more Minor Basilicas:

Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń (Polish: Bazylika MB Bolesnej Królowej Polski), in Licheń Stary, Wielkopolskie

Bazylika Wniebowzięcia NMP, in Zduńska Wola, Łódzkie.

The diocese is currently headed by Bishop Krzysztof Jakub Wętkowski, appointed in 2021.
Banca Agricola Popolare di Sicilia
Banca Agricola Popolare di Sicilia, known until 2024 as Banca Agricola Popolare di Ragusa S.C.p.A., is an Italian cooperative bank based in Ragusa, Sicily.

The bank had 84 branches inside the island (in the areas of Ragusa, Catania, Siracusa, Messina, Palermo, Enna), plus one branch in mainland Italy, in Milan.

Ragusa, Sicily
Ragusa (Italian: [raˈɡuːza] ⓘ; Sicilian: Rausa [raˈuːsa]; Latin: Ragusia) is a city and comune, capital of the province of Ragusa in the autonomous island region of Sicily in southern Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 73,778, Ragusa is the 6th-largest city in Sicily and the 74th-largest in Italy.

It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica. Together with seven other cities in the Val di Noto, it is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Lü Junchang
Lü Junchang (Chinese: 吕君昌; 1965 – 9 October 2018) was a Chinese palaeontologist and professor at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. An expert on Mesozoic reptiles, he described and named dozens of dinosaur and pterosaur taxa including Tongtianlong, Qianzhousaurus, Heyuannia, Gannansaurus, Yunnanosaurus youngi, and Darwinopterus.

Yunnanosaurus
Yunnanosaurus (/juːˌnænoʊˈsɔːrəs/ yoo-NAN-oh-SOR-əs) is an extinct genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur that lived approximately 199 to  183 million years ago in what is now the Yunnan Province, in China, for which it was named. Yunnanosaurus was a large sized, moderately-built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore, that could also walk bipedally, and ranged in size from 7 meters (23 feet) long and 2 m (6.5 ft) high to 4 m (13 ft) high in the largest species.
Battle of Alfarrobeira
The Battle of Alfarrobeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [alfɐʁuˈβɐjɾɐ]) took place on 20 May 1449. It was a confrontation between the forces commanded by King Afonso V of Portugal and his uncle Afonso, Duke of Braganza, against the army of the rebellious Peter, Duke of Coimbra. The place was Vialonga, near Lisbon, at the margins of the creek of Alfarrobeira. The result was the clear defeat and death of the Duke of Coimbra and the establishment of the Braganzas as the most powerful House of Portugal.

Afonso I, Duke of Braganza
Dom Afonso I of Braganza (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu]; 10 August 1377 – 15 December 1461) was the first duke of Braganza and the eighth count of Barcelos. He founded the House of Braganza, the most powerful and wealthy dynasty in Portugal. His descendants became high-ranking nobles, imperial officials, and finally kings of Portugal and emperors of Brazil.
Cochrane, Ontario
Cochrane is a town in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located east of Kapuskasing, northeast of Timmins, south of Moosonee, and north of Iroquois Falls. It is about a one-hour drive from Timmins and Kapuskasing, the other two major population centres of the region. It is the seat of Cochrane District. The town's population is made up of about half anglophone and half francophone residents.

Timmins
Timmins (/ˈtɪmɪns/ TIM-inss) is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada, located on the Mattagami River. The city is the fourth-largest city in the Northeastern Ontario region with a population of 41,145 at the 2021 Canadian census and an estimated population of 44,819 in 2023. The city's economy is based on natural resource extraction. It is supported by industries related to lumbering, and to the mining of gold, zinc, copper, nickel, and silver. Timmins serves as a regional service and distribution centre.

The city has a large Francophone community, with more than 50% of the residents bilingual in French and English.
Nkhata Bay
11°36′S 34°18′E﻿ / ﻿11.600°S 34.300°E﻿ / -11.600; 34.300

Nkhata Bay (or simply Nkhata) is the capital of the Nkhata Bay District in Malawi. It is on the shore of Lake Malawi (formerly Lake Nyasa), east of Mzuzu, and is one of the main ports on Lake Malawi. The population of Nkhata Bay was 14,274 according to the 2018 census. Nkhata Bay is 413 kilometres (257 mi) from Lilongwe, Malawi's capital city, and 576 kilometres (358 mi) from Blantyre, Malawi's second-largest city. Nkhata Bay is the second "busiest resort" on Lake Malawi.

Mzuzu
Mzuzu is the capital of Malawi's Northern Region and is the third largest city by population in Malawi. The city has 221,272 residents and 20,000 commuters (Mzuzu University students) with about ?? million people in its metropolitan area. It is situated in the Mzimba District. Mzuzu lies in a gap in the Viphya Mountains, and the agricultural region surrounding the city specializes in tea, rubber and coffee cultivation. The Viphya Plantation south of the city is the largest man-made forest in Africa, and the Lunyangwa and Kaning'ina forest preserves are east of the city.

Some of the popularly known locations in the city include Chibavi, Luwinga, Area 1B, Chibanja, Katoto, Zolozolo, Masasa, Mchenga-utuba, Chimaliro, Kaning'ina and Katawa.
Fred Ward
Freddie Joe Ward (December 30, 1942 – May 8, 2022) was an American character actor. Starting with a role in an Italian television movie in 1973, he appeared in such diverse films as Escape from Alcatraz (1979), The Right Stuff (1983), Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins (1985), Tremors (1990) and Tremors 2: Aftershocks (1996), Miami Blues (1990), The Player (1992), Short Cuts (1993), Road Trip (2000), and 30 Minutes or Less (2011).

Tremors 2: Aftershocks
Tremors 2: Aftershocks is a 1996 American comedy horror film  and the sequel to Tremors (1990). In the film, Earl Bassett, returning from the first film, is hired to deal with a subterranean "graboid" infestation at a Mexican oilfield. It was directed by S. S. Wilson, and stars Fred Ward, Christopher Gartin, Helen Shaver, Marcelo Tubert, and Michael Gross.

The film is the second in the Tremors franchise. It was followed by a 2001 sequel, Tremors 3: Back to Perfection.
House of Hachberg-Sausenberg
The House of Hachberg-Sausenberg (medieval: House of Hachberg-Susenberg) was a German royal family that was first documented in 1306 as carve-out from the House of Baden-Hachberg, when Henry III. and his brother Rudolf I. shared the heritage of their father Henry II.

The family maintained an own territory in Baden within the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation from 1306 until 1503. The house was historically related to the royal House of Zähringen.

The last Margrave was Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg, who died without sons in 1503. His daughter Johanna of Hachberg-Sausenberg succeeded him as Countess of Neuchâtel, while the Landgraviate of Sausenberg, the lordship of Badenweiler, the lordship of Rötteln and Schopfheim went to Margrave Christopher I of Baden.

Rudolf I, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg
Margrave Rudolf I of Hachberg-Sausenberg (d. 1313) was the son of Margrave Henry II of Hachberg and Anne of Üsenberg.  He married in 1298 or 1299 to Agnes, the heiress of Otto of Rötteln.  In 1306 he founded the side-line Hachberg-Sausenberg at Sausenburg Castle, a castle which the Margraves of Hachberg had built in 1240 on top of Mount Sausenberg.  His elder brother Henry III continued the main Baden-Hachberg line at Hochburg castle in Emmendingen.

In 1311 Lord Lüthold II of Rötteln made Rudolf his co-ruler at Rötteln Castle.  This established the foundation for the rise of the Hachberg-Sausenberg line.  Rudolf himself died before Lüthold.  In 1315, Lüthold donated the Lordship of Rötteln to Rudolf's son Henry, who came of age in that year.

He had three children: Henry, Rudolf II and Otto I.
La Sociedad
La Sociedad (later reformed as La Nueva Sociedad in 2013; Spanish for "The (New) Society") was a Mexican lucha libre, or professional wrestling stable, that worked for Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA). The group was originally formed in the summer of 2010 with the merger of La Legión Extranjera, Los Perros del Mal, La Milicia and Los Maniacos.

Los Perros del Mal
Los Perros del Mal (English: The Dogs of Evil) was a Mexican lucha libre wrestling group stable, originally competed in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre and in Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA). The name (meaning "The Dogs of Evil") is a play on the name of the founder of the group, Perro Aguayo Jr. It was one of the main rudo (heel) stables in CMLL until October 2008, when Aguayo along with Mr. Águila and Damián 666 left the company to form Perros del Mal Producciones. The stable is a part of the new promotion, despite its namesake. Their motto is "Dios perdona, los Perros no" ("God forgives, the Dogs don't."). The group originally started under the name La Furia del Norte but evolved into Los Perros del Mal as wrestlers not from northern Mexico joined the group.
Parade College
Parade College is a private Catholic secondary school for boys. It is located across two campuses in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; one at Bundoora; the other, 8 km (5.0 mi) away, at Preston. The school is a member of Edmund Rice Education Australia and the Associated Catholic Colleges. Nolan

Associated Catholic Colleges
The Associated Catholic Colleges (ACC) is a group of thirteen independent Catholic boys schools in Victoria, Australia. The Association, formed in 1911, and renamed in 1948, provides the basis for interschool sporting and other competitions between member schools.
Public housing estates in Tai Po
The following is a list of public housing estates in Tai Po, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Sandwich Class Housing Scheme (SCHS), Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.

Fu Shin Estate
Fu Shin Estate (Chinese: 富善邨) is a mixed TPS and public housing estate in Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, built on the reclaimed land of Tai Po Hoi. It consists of six residential blocks built in 1985. Some of the flats were sold to tenants through Tenants Purchase Scheme Phase 6B in 2005.

Ming Nga Court (明雅苑) and Yee Nga Court (怡雅苑) are Home Ownership Scheme housing courts in Tai Po near Fu Shin Estate, built in 1985 and 1993 respectively.
Villanueva del Pardillo
Villanueva del Pardillo is a municipality and Spanish town of the Community of Madrid, situated 26 kilometers from the capital of Spain and nestled in the natural environment of the Cuenca del Guadarrama. It borders the municipalities of Majadahonda, Las Rozas de Madrid, Villanueva de la Cañada, Galapagar, Colmenarejo and Valdemorillo.

Villanueva de la Cañada
Villanueva de la Cañada is a municipality in the Community of Madrid, Spain. Located 30 km north-west from Madrid, the municipality covers an area of 34.92 km2. Geographically, it sits on a large plain, in which there are several promontories, on one of which is found the castle of Aulencia, its main landmark. The ESA's European Space Astronomy Centre lies close to the former, on the Guadarrama riverfront. Villafranca del Castillo, a well-off urban area detached from the main nucleus, is located within the municipal bounds. Villanueva de la Cañada hosts the main campus of the Alfonso X El Sabio University as well as the Aquópolis waterpark.
Harry Lewis (boxer)
Harry Lewis (Harry Besterman; September 16, 1886 – February 22, 1956), was an American boxer, generally credited with holding the Welterweight Championship of the World from April 1908 to March 1911.  He defeated "Young Joseph", the reigning Welterweight Champion of England in London on June 27, 1910, but was not credited with the British Welterweight championship as the fight was sanctioned as a World, and not English title. Boxing writer Nat Fleischer rated Lewis the sixth-greatest welterweight of all time. He was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2002, and into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2008.

William "Honey" Mellody
William "Honey" Mellody (January 15, 1884 – March 2, 1919) was an American boxer who took the Welterweight Championship of the World on October 16, 1906, defeating former champion Joe Walcott in a fifteen-round points decision in Chelsea, Massachusetts.
MegaWars III
MegaWars III was a massively multiplayer empire building game written by Kesmai and run continuously on CompuServe between 1984 and 1999. It was one of CompuServe's most popular games throughout its lifetime with thousands of players joining the month-long game cycles. It was only shut down after CIS was purchased by AOL and moved to the web-based "CompuServe 2000" interface that would not cleanly support it. A modified version, Stellar Emperor ran for much of the same time period on GEnie, also ending in 1999 when that service was shut down by General Electric. A new version of Stellar Emperor, sporting a new client-server GUI, was run for a short period on Kesmai's GameStorm.

Decwar
DECWAR is a multiplayer computer game first written in 1978 at the University of Texas at Austin for the PDP-10. It was developed from a lesser-known two-player version, WAR, adding multi-terminal support for between one and ten players. WAR and DECWAR are essentially multiplayer versions of the classic Star Trek game, but with added strategic elements. The game was later used, by scrubbing copyright notices and replacing them, as MegaWars on CompuServe and Stellar Warrior on GEnie. Both versions ran for years.
Nello Musumeci
Sebastiano "Nello" Musumeci (born 21 January 1955) is a right-wing Italian politician. Musumeci is serving as Minister for Civil Protection and Maritime Policies since 22 October 2022 in the government of Giorgia Meloni. He previously served as president of Sicily from 18 November 2017 until 13 October 2022.

Musumeci was a Member of the European Parliament for the Italian seat Islands, where he was a member of the Union for a Europe of Nations parliamentary group. He sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries and its Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.

Minister for Civil Protection and Maritime Policies
The minister for civil protection and maritime policies (Italian: ministro per la protezione civile e le politiche del mare) is one of the positions in the Italian government. The minister coordinates the relations between the government and Italian Civil Protection.

The current minister is Nello Musumeci, a member of the Brothers of Italy, who held the office since 22 October 2022 in the cabinet of Giorgia Meloni. The first and longest-serving minister was Giuseppe Zamberletti, widely considered as the founder of Italian Civil Protection.
A. G. Steel
Allan Gibson Steel (24 September 1858 – 15 June 1914) was an English amateur cricketer who played for Lancashire County Cricket Club from 1877 to 1893, and in Test cricket for England from 1880 to 1888. He was born in West Derby, Liverpool, and died in Paddington, Middlesex.

Steel was an all-rounder. As a right-handed batsman, he scored 7,000 career runs in 162 first-class matches at an average of 29.41 runs per completed innings with a highest score of 171 as one of eight centuries. He was a right-arm bowler with a varied action in that he could bowl both fast medium and slow medium; he also had the ability to spin the ball off the pitch as either an off break or a leg break. He took 789 first-class wickets with a best return of 9/63. He took five wickets in an innings 64 times and ten wickets in a match 20 times with a best return of 14/80. As a fielder, Steel completed 141 catches.

Ivo Bligh, 8th Earl of Darnley
Ivo Francis Walter Bligh, 8th Earl of Darnley JP DL (13 March 1859 – 10 April 1927), styled The Honourable Ivo Bligh until 1900, lord of the manor of Cobham, Kent, was a British nobleman, parliamentarian and cricketer.

Bligh captained the England team in the first ever Test cricket series against Australia with The Ashes at stake in 1882/83. Later in life, he inherited the earldom of Darnley and sat at Westminster as an elected Irish representative peer.
Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić
Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić[a] (Turkish: Bodur Hüseyin Paşa, "the Short"; died 1595) was an Ottoman statesman and government official who served many high-level positions in the Ottoman Empire, including governorship of Bosnia (1594–95), of Damascus (1582–83), of Diyarbekir, of Budin, of Aleppo, of Van, of Anatolia, and of Egypt (1573–74).

Bosnia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Bosnia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بوسنه, romanized: Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; Turkish: Bosna Eyaleti; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was 52,530 square kilometres (20,281 sq mi).
Doomwatch
Doomwatch is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC, which ran on BBC1 between 1970 and 1972. The series was set in the then present day, and dealt with a scientific government agency led by Doctor Spencer Quist (played by John Paul), responsible for investigating and combating various environmental and technological dangers. The series was followed by a film adaptation produced by Tigon British Film Productions and released in 1972 and a revival TV film was broadcast on Channel 5 in 1999.

Doomwatch (film)
Doomwatch (U.S. title: Island of the Ghouls) is a 1972 British science fiction film directed by Peter Sasdy and starring Ian Bannen, Judy Geeson and John Paul. Described as both a thriller  and a horror film, it is based on the BBC television series Doomwatch (1970–1972). The screenplay was written by Clive Exton. In the United States it was released by Embassy Pictures.

Waters surrounding an island become contaminated by chemical dumping, and people who eat fish caught in those waters become deformed and violent.
Gary Pig Gold
Gary Pig Gold (born May 30, 1955 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer, filmmaker, author and journalist. His fanzine The Pig Paper was Canada's second independently published music magazine, and among the recording artists he has worked with are Pat Boone, Dave Rave, Endless Summer, Simply Saucer and Shane Faubert. Gold has written many books on popular music and has contributed to dozens of magazines as well as seven books in the multi-genre MusicHound album guide series. AllMusic describes him as "rock music's all-time hardest-working man ... with all apologies to James Brown".

Dave Desroches
Dave "Rave" DesRoches is a Canadian rock musician from Hamilton, Ontario.

To the general public, he is the sometimes the Teenage Head rhythm guitarist on the early recordings who graduated to lead singer during a Frankie Venom hiatus in 1985 and catapulted the band back into the charts. Many know him as a session player who has played with such notables as Daniel Lanois, Andrew Loog Oldham, and Alex Chilton.