hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meta Quest 3S
Meta Quest 3S is a standalone virtual reality (VR) headset developed by Reality Labs, a division of Meta Platforms. It was unveiled on September 25, 2024, and released on October 15, 2024, as part of the third generation of the Meta Quest line.

It is intended as an entry-level model complementing 2023's Meta Quest 3, and succeeded the Quest 2 at its price point; it shares most of its hardware and mixed reality capabilities with the Quest 3, but with lower-resolution displays and optics inherited from the Quest 2.

The Quest 3S received positive reviews, with critics considering it an incremental update to the Quest 2 in comparison to the flagship Quest 3, and considering it to be a good value for first-time users.

Meta Quest 3
Meta Quest 3 is a standalone virtual reality (VR) headset developed by Reality Labs, a division of Meta Platforms. It was unveiled on June 1, 2023, and released on October 10, succeeding the Quest 2 as the third generation of the Meta Quest line.

As with its predecessors, the Quest 3 is a standalone device running Meta Horizon OS, a derivative of Android Open Source Project (AOSP); VR games and apps can be run natively on the headset, or streamed from a PC over USB-C or Wi-Fi. The Quest 3 features updated hardware with elements of the Quest Pro, including a thinner form factor and lenses, and additional sensors and color passthrough cameras intended for mixed reality (MR) software.

The headset received positive reviews, with critics noting its slimmer build and performance improvements over the Quest 2, but panning its passthrough cameras for their clarity and a relative lack of MR experiences at launch, and its relatively unchanged system software.
V-statistic
V-statistics are a class of statistics named for Richard von Mises who developed their asymptotic distribution theory in a fundamental paper in 1947. V-statistics are closely related to U-statistics (U for "unbiased") introduced by Wassily Hoeffding in 1948.  A V-statistic is a statistical function (of a sample) defined by a particular statistical functional of a probability distribution.

U-statistic
In statistical theory, a U-statistic is a class of statistics defined as the average over the application of a given function applied to all tuples of a fixed size. The letter "U" stands for unbiased.   In elementary statistics, U-statistics arise naturally in producing minimum-variance unbiased estimators.

The theory of U-statistics allows a minimum-variance unbiased estimator to be derived from each unbiased estimator of an estimable parameter (alternatively, statistical functional) for large classes of probability distributions. An estimable parameter is a measurable function of the population's cumulative probability distribution: For example, for every probability distribution, the population median is an estimable parameter. The theory of U-statistics applies to general classes of probability distributions.
Ferenceratops
Ferenceratops is an extinct genus of ceratopsian dinosaurs known from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Sânpetru and Densuș-Ciula formations of Romania. The genus contains a single species, Ferenceratops shqiperorum, known from a partial skeleton and pelvis. These fossils, in addition to many other isolated or associated remains, were originally referred to the 'rhabdodontid' ornithopod Zalmoxes. Phylogenetic analyses based on new remains of Ajkaceratops suggest Ferenceratops was a close relative of this genus, as part of a distinct lineage of previously unrecognized European ceratopsians.

Ajkaceratops
Ajkaceratops (pronounced "oi-ka-sera-tops") is a genus of ceratopsian dinosaur described in 2010. It lived during the Late Cretaceous in the western Tethyan archipelago, in what is now Europe. The type species, A. kozmai, was originally described as a ceratopsian most closely related to forms in east Asia, from where its ancestors may have migrated by island-hopping. Later research, however, questioned this assignment and treated Ajkaceratops as an ornithischian of unresolved affinity. In 2026, more complete cranial remains referable to the species were described, supporting its placement as a ceratopsian.
Triquetra
The triquetra (/traɪˈkwɛtrə/ try-KWEH-truh; from the Latin adjective triquetrus "three-cornered") is a triangular figure composed of three interlaced arcs, or (equivalently) three overlapping vesicae piscis lens shapes. It is used as an ornamental design in architecture, and in medieval manuscript illumination (particularly in the Insular tradition). Its depiction as interlaced is common in Insular ornaments from about the 7th century. In this interpretation, the triquetra represents the topologically simplest possible knot.

Vesica piscis
The vesica piscis is a type of lens, a mathematical shape formed by the intersection of two disks with the same radius, intersecting in such a way that the center of each disk lies on the perimeter of the other. In Latin, "vesica piscis" literally means "bladder of a fish", reflecting the shape's resemblance to the conjoined dual air bladders (swim bladder) found in most fish. In Italian, the shape's name is mandorla ("almond"). A similar shape in three dimensions is the lemon.

This figure appears in the first proposition of Euclid's Elements, where it forms the first step in constructing an equilateral triangle using a compass and straightedge. The triangle has as its vertices the two disk centers and one of the two sharp corners of the vesica piscis.
Dictaphone
Dictaphone was an American company founded by Alexander Graham Bell that produced dictation machines. It is now a division of Nuance Communications, based in Burlington, Massachusetts.

Although the name "Dictaphone" is a trademark, it has become genericized as a means to refer to any dictation machine.

Dictation machine
A dictation machine is a sound recording device most commonly used to record speech for playback or to be typed into print. It includes digital voice recorders and tape recorders.

The name "Dictaphone" is a trademark of the American Graphophone Company, but it has also become a common term for all dictation machines, as a genericized trademark.
Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex
The Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex consists of six National Wildlife Refuges along the Oregon Coast.  It provides wilderness protection to thousands of small islands, rocks, reefs, headlands, marshes, and bays totaling 371 acres (150 ha) spanning 320 miles (515 km) of Oregon's coastline.  The areas are all managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

The six National Wildlife Refuges—three marine, and three estuarine—are from Tillamook Head south to the California-Oregon border.  The marine refuges are Three Arch Rocks, Oregon Islands, and Cape Meares.  The estuarine are Bandon Marsh, Nestucca Bay, and Siletz Bay.  Except for Tillamook Rock Light and its surrounding 1-acre (4,000 m2) rock, all the islands are closed to public access.  Boats must remain at least 500 ft (150 m) away, and aircraft must maintain at least 2,000 ft (610 m) clearance.

Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge
Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge is a U.S. National Wildlife Refuge off the southwestern Oregon Coast. It is one of six National Wildlife Refuges comprising the Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex.  The Oregon Islands provides wilderness protection to 1,853 small islands, rocks, and reefs plus two headlands, totaling 371 acres (150 ha) spanning 1,083 acres (438 ha)  of Oregon's coastline from the Oregon–California border to Tillamook Head. There are sites in six of the seven coastal counties of Oregon. From north to south they are Clatsop, Tillamook, Lincoln, Lane, Coos, and Curry counties. (Douglas County is the only coastal Oregon county not included in the refuge.) The area is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Kay Robertson
Marsha Kay Carroway Robertson (born December 21, 1947) is an American television personality, best known for her appearances on the A&E reality series Duck Dynasty.

Robertson is the widow of entrepreneur and Duck Dynasty co-star Phil Robertson, and mother of Duck Dynasty personality and current Duck Commander CEO Willie Robertson.

She has a passion and talent for cooking, and often has her entire family over for a home-cooked meal after a long day's work. She is the author of the cookbook Miss Kay's Duck Commander Kitchen: Faith, Family, and Food--Bringing Our Home to Your Table.

Willie Robertson
William Jess Robertson (born April 22, 1972) is an American TV personality, businessman, author and news contributor. He is best known for his appearances on the reality TV series Duck Dynasty on A&E, and is the current CEO of the company Duck Commander. Robertson lives in West Monroe, Louisiana, with his wife Korie and his children: John Luke, Sadie, Will, Rowdy, Bella, and Rebecca.
Sarah Crosby
Sarah Crosby (6 October 1729 – 29 October 1804) was an English Methodist preacher, and is considered to be the first woman to hold this title. Crosby, along with Mary Bosanquet, is one of the most popular women preachers of Methodism. Scholars such as Paul Wesley Chilcote consider Crosby to be the busiest female Methodist preacher, as she preached up until the day she died. She was also renowned for being skilled at prayer, which at the time was seen as a sort of religious art form.

Mary Fletcher (preacher)
Mary Bosanquet Fletcher (née Bosanquet; /ˈboʊzənˌkɛt/; 12 September 1739 – 8 December 1815) was an English preacher credited with persuading John Wesley, a founder of Methodism, to allow women to preach in public. She was born into an affluent family, but after converting to Methodism, rejected its luxurious life. She was involved in charity work throughout her life, operating a school and orphanage until her marriage to John Fletcher. She and a friend, Sarah Crosby, began preaching and leading meetings at her orphanage and became the most popular female preachers of their time. Fletcher was known as a "Mother in Israel", a Methodist term of honour, for her work in spreading the denomination across England.
Torneo Internazionale Stampa Sportiva
The Torneo Internazionale Stampa Sportiva (English: The Sport Press International Tournament) was an early international football competition. Held in 1908, it predated the more famous Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy by a year.

Organised by Italian La Stampa Sportiva (a weekly sports supplement to newspaper La Stampa), the Torneo Internazionale featured teams from Italy, France, Switzerland and Germany. All games were played in Turin, Italy. Swiss team Servette FC were eventual winners, beating Torino of Italy 3–1.

Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy
The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy was an association football competition that took place twice, in Turin, Italy, in 1909 and 1911. It is regarded as an early World trophy. Although it featured only European sides (in a time when the sport was successfully widespread in few non-European countries), its reported objective was to be a World Cup, as reported by FIFA and its contemporary sources.

It is predated by the Torneo Internazionale Stampa Sportiva, which was hosted in 1908 in Turin, and the Football World Championship, which took place between 1887 and 1902.
Risa Itō
Risa Itō (Japanese: 伊藤 理佐, Hepburn: Itō Risa; born 6 September 1969), also romanized as Risa Itou, is a Japanese manga artist.

She was born in 1969 in Hara Town, Suwa District in Nagano Prefecture, the eldest of three sisters. She graduated from Suwa Futaba High School and studied Formative Fine Arts at Joshibi University of Art and Design Junior College. She won the 2005 Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo for Oi Pītan!! and the 2006 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Short Story Award for One Woman, Two Cats, Oi Piitan!!, and Onna no Mado. Her manga Oruchuban Ebichu ("Ebichu Minds the House") was adapted by Gainax into an anime television series. Her latest work, Higepiyo (ヒゲぴよ), serialized in Chorus magazine, was also adapted into an anime.

Hey Pitan!
Hey Pitan! (Japanese: おいピータン!!, Hepburn: Oi Piitan!!) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Risa Itō. It was serialized in Kodansha's josei manga magazine Kiss from 1998 to 2018, with its chapters collected in 17 tankōbon volumes. A sequel, titled Hey Hey Pitan!, started in the same magazine in 2018.

Hey Pitan! won the 29th Kodansha Manga Award in the shōjo manga category in 2005 and the 10th Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize's Short Manga Prize in 2006.
German Chancery
The German Chancery (German: Deutsche Kanzlei), also known as the Hanoverian Chancery, was the official name given to the office of the Hanoverian ministry in London during the years of personal union between Great Britain (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) and the Electorate of Hanover (later the Kingdom of Hanover) from 1714 until 1837. The office ceased upon the accession of Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom and King Ernest Augustus in Hanover in 1837.

Privy Council of Hanover
The Privy Council of the Electorate of Hanover, formally known as Brunswick-Lüneburg, was the administrative branch of the electoral (and later royal) government of Hanover. Its members were known as ministers and often controlled indirectly the other branches of the government, except the military which was always under the direct control of the elector. At least one minister was always with the elector in London between the years 1714 and 1837 as the head of the German Chancery.
Sawai Madhopur district
Sawai Madhopur district is one of the 41 districts of the Indian state of Rajasthan, located in its south-eastern region and forming part of the Bharatpur Division. The district covers an area of 5051.9 square kilometres (1950.9 sq mi) and has its administrative headquarters at Sawai Madhopur city. It is bounded by Dausa and Karauli districts to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the east, Kota and Bundi to the south, and Tonk to the west. The district is traversed by the Banas, Chambal, and Morel rivers and contains a mix of plains, plateaus, and hill ranges of the Aravalli system.

Sawai Madhopur is best known for the Ranthambore National Park, a major tiger reserve and UNESCO World Heritage site forming part of the Hill Forts of Rajasthan. The district’s economy is based on agriculture, animal husbandry, hospitality, tourism, and small-scale industries. As of the 2011 Census of India, it had a population of 1.33 million, with a density of around 265 inhabitants per square kilometre.

Karauli district
Karauli district is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. karauli district is located in the Braj Bhoomi region. The town of Karauli serves as the administrative headquarters of the district. Karauli district also comes under the Bharatpur Divisional Commissionerate.

The population of Karuali district was 1,458,248 people in the 2011 Indian census, giving a population density of 264 inhabitants per square kilometre (680/sq mi).
OM X-series
The OM X-series is a light to medium-duty truck model produced by the Italian manufacturer OM in 1972. While being superficially similar to the OM Lupetto, Leoncino, Daino, and Tigrotto, it was an all-new design - except for using the same doors as the earlier "zoological" series (thus called as they were all named after animals). The X-series was sold under a variety of other names as well, depending on the market. All but the two lightest models were replaced by the new Z-series in 1976, a design which briefly used OM badging but ended up being marketed exclusively as an Iveco.

Iveco Zeta
The Iveco Zeta is a light to medium-duty truck model produced by the Italian manufacturer Iveco. Appearing in 1976 and entering production in 1977, its cab was developed with the aid of Fiat's wind tunnel in Orbassano. The Zeta series continued the lineage begun with the 1959 introduction of the OM Lupetto. The Lupetto, as well as the Leoncino, the Daino, and the Tigrotto, were all replaced by the OM X-series in 1972, which then formed the basis for the Zeta range. The Zeta itself was replaced by the all-new Iveco Eurocargo in 1991.
Jimmy Seed
James Marshall Seed (25 March 1895 – 16 July 1966) was an English footballer and football manager.

Despite being born in Blackhill, Seed was brought up in the village of Whitburn on the coast just to the north of Sunderland, the family moving when Seed was two years old.

Jimmy was the younger brother of English footballer Angus Seed.

Angus Seed
Angus Cameron Seed MM (6 February 1893 – 7 February 1953) was an English professional footballer, best remembered for his 16 years as manager of Barnsley in the Football League. He had a long playing career as a right back in non-League football and after retiring, he was Aldershot's first-ever manager and worked as a scout for Charlton Athletic.
Roscoea bhutanica
Roscoea bhutanica is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the mountains of Bhutan and Tibet. Formerly regarded as part of Roscoea tibetica, it was recognized as a separate species in 2000. Most members of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), to which it belongs, are tropical, but R. bhutanica, like other species of Roscoea, grows in much colder mountainous regions.

Roscoea tibetica
Roscoea tibetica is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the mountains of China, being found in Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan. The species formerly included plants found in Bhutan; in 2000, these were separated into a new species, Roscoea bhutanica. Most members of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), to which it belongs, are tropical, but R. tibetica, like other species of Roscoea, grows in much colder mountainous regions. R. tibetica is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. In 2020, it was proposed that R. tibetica be split again.
First Battle of Donetsk Airport
The First Battle of Donetsk Airport took place between fighters associated with the Donetsk People's Republic and Ukrainian government forces that took place at Donetsk International Airport on 26–27 May 2014, as part of the war in Donbas that began after the 2014 Revolution of Dignity. A second battle broke out at the airport on 28 September 2014.

Second Battle of Donetsk Airport
The Second Battle of Donetsk Airport was an engagement between the Ukrainian military and Russian military and its proxy forces of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) during the war in Donbas.  An earlier battle in May 2014 had left Donetsk International Airport in Ukrainian control. Despite a ceasefire agreement, the Minsk Protocol, in place since 5 September 2014, fighting broke out between the warring parties on 28 September 2014.

At the start of the battle, the airport lay between the separatist and Ukrainian lines of control, and was the last part of Donetsk city held by Ukrainian government forces. Heavy fighting over the airport continued into the new year, with some of the worst fighting taking place in January 2015. On 21 January, DPR forces overran the Ukrainian positions at the airport. The remaining Ukrainian forces were either killed, forced to retreat, or captured by DPR forces. The battle has been called the "Little Stalingrad".
Renville Agreement
The Renville Agreement was a United Nations Security Council-brokered political accord between the Netherlands, which was seeking to re-establish its colony in Southeast Asia, and Indonesian Republicans seeking Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution. Ratified on 17 January 1948, the agreement was an unsuccessful attempt to resolve the disputes that arose following the 1946 Linggadjati Agreement. It recognised a cease-fire along the Status Quo Line (Status Quo lijn) or so-called "Van Mook Line", an artificial line that connected the most advanced Dutch positions.

The agreement is named after USS Renville, the ship on which the negotiations were held while anchored in Jakarta Bay.

Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference was held in The Hague from 23 August to 2 November 1949, between representatives of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the Federal Consultative Assembly, representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago.

Prior to this conference, three other high-level meetings between the Netherlands and Indonesia took place; the Linggadjati Agreement of 1947, Renville Agreement of 1948, and the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement in May 1949. The conference ended with the cession of sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia.
Pittsford, New York
Pittsford is an incorporated town in Monroe County, New York, United States. A suburb of Rochester, its population was 30,617 at the time of the 2020 census. Formerly part of the town of Northfield, Pittsford was settled in 1789 and incorporated in 1796. The village of Pittsford was incorporated in 1827. It was named by Colonel Caleb Hopkins, a War of 1812 hero and subsequently Pittsford town supervisor, for the town of his birth, Pittsford, Vermont.

The Erie Canal passes through the town.

Pittsford (village), New York
Pittsford is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2020 census. It is named after Pittsford, Vermont, the native town of a founding father. It is the oldest village in New York, incorporated in 1827. The village, an Erie Canal community, is in the town of Pittsford and is a suburb of Rochester.
Samruk-Kazyna
The Samruk-Kazyna (Kazakh: Самұрық-Қазына, romanized: Samūryq-Qazyna, pronounced [sɑmʊ̆rʊ́q qɑzɤ̆nɑ́]), officially known as the Sovereign Wealth Fund "Samruk-Kazyna" Joint Stock Company (Kazakh: «Самұрық-Қазына» Ұлттық әл-ауқат қоры, romanized: «Samūryq–Qazyna» Ūlttyk äl-auqat qory), is a sovereign wealth fund and joint stock company in Kazakhstan. It owns, either wholly or partially, major national companies, including rail, postal services, oil and gas, uranium, and the flag carrier Air Astana. The Government of Kazakhstan is its sole shareholder.

Kazakhstan Temir Joly
Qazaqstan Temır Joly (QTJ; Kazakh: Қазақстан Темір Жолы, IPA: [qɑzɑqˈstɑn tʲeˈmɘr ʒoˈɫɤ]) is Kazakhstan's state-owned railway company founded in 1997, both owning and managing all infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services and has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Kazakhstan.
Cranborne Chase
Cranborne Chase (grid reference ST970180) is an area of central southern England, straddling the counties Dorset, Hampshire and Wiltshire. It is part of the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

The area is dominated by, and often considered to be synonymous with, a chalk downland plateau. Part of the English Chalk Formation, it is adjacent to Salisbury Plain and the West Wiltshire Downs in the north, and the Dorset Downs to the south west. The highest point is Win Green Down, in Wiltshire, at 910 feet (280 m).

Historically a medieval hunting forest, the area is also noted for its Neolithic and Bronze age archaeology and its rural agricultural character.

Win Green Down
Win Green Down at grid reference ST927209 in south-western Wiltshire, England is a 26.0 hectares (64 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, notified in 1971.

Its summit, Win Green, is at grid reference ST924205 and is the highest point of Cranborne Chase at 277 metres (909 ft). There are extensive views, with Bournemouth, the Isle of Wight, Salisbury, Glastonbury Tor, the Mendips, the Quantocks and Milk Hill all visible in clear conditions.  It is classed as a Marilyn, and is a landmark due to the clump of trees on the high point. The parent peak is Long Knoll.