hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Base bleed
Base bleed or base burn (BB) is a system used on some artillery shells to increase range, typically by about 20%–35%. It expels gas into the low-pressure area behind the shell to reduce base drag (but does not produce thrust, unlike rocket-assisted projectiles). Being percentage-based, the range extension is more useful on longer-range artillery where an increase of approximately 5–15 kilometres (3.1–9.3 mi) can be achieved, and it also was found that the reduced turbulence gave the projectiles a more consistent trajectory, resulting in tighter grouping, and efficient shelling more than 40 kilometres (25 mi) away.

Base bleed technology was developed in Sweden in the mid-1960s but took some time to spread and find its niche between cheaper classical ordnance and even more expensive rocket-assisted projectiles. It is now a fairly common option.

Rocket-assisted projectile
A rocket-assisted projectile (RAP) is a cannon, howitzer, mortar, or recoilless rifle round incorporating a rocket motor for independent propulsion. This gives the projectile greater speed and range than a non-assisted ballistic shell, which is propelled only by the gun's exploding charge. Some forms of rocket-assisted projectiles can be outfitted with a laser guide for greater accuracy.
Blagaj Fortress
Blagaj Fortress or Old Town of Blagaj (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Stari grad Blagaj, Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Град Благај; pronounced [blaːgaj]), locally known as Stjepan-grad (Стјепан-град), or Stipan-grad, in classical times Bona (Бона), is a town-fortress complex near the town of Blagaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The old Blagaj Fort was built on a high, inaccessible karst hill, at an elevation of 310 metres (1,020 ft) above sea level and 266 metres (873 ft) above the source of the river Buna. Blagaj Fort is 275 metres (902 ft) above sea level. Fortress is National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina, declared by KONS on 6 December 2003.

Vrelo Bune
Vrelo Bune (Врело Буне; transl. Buna Wellspring) is a natural and architectural ensemble located at the spring of the Buna River near Blagaj, a village-town, and is part of the wider "Townscape ensemble of the town of Blagaj — Historical and Natural Heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina" (featuring Ottoman Mediterranean architecture dating back to 1520), situated southeast of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The primary rationale behind the decision of the KONS to designate the site as protected and thus include it in the protected area of Blagaj as a historic urban area, lies in the harmonious coexistence of natural and architectural, cultural, and historical elements, as evidenced by the "distinctive quality of the coexistence of the natural and the man-made" and the "integration of the physical structure into the landscape".
Apple Studio Display
The Apple Studio Display (marketed as Studio Display) is a 27 in (690 mm) flat panel computer monitor developed and sold by Apple Inc. It was announced on March 8, 2022, alongside the Mac Studio desktop, and was released on March 18, 2022. It is Apple's consumer display, sitting below its Pro Display XDR intended for professional users.

Pro Display XDR
The Pro Display XDR is a 32-inch flat panel computer monitor created by Apple, based on an LG supplied display, that was released on December 10, 2019. It was announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference on June 3, 2019, along with the 2019 Mac Pro. It is the first Apple-branded display since the Apple Thunderbolt Display was discontinued in 2016. "XDR" stands for "Extreme Dynamic Range." Since 2022, it has been one of two displays sold by Apple, alongside the consumer Apple Studio Display.
Bhendi Bazaar
Bhendi Bazaar is a market (bazaar) in South Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Bhendi Bazaar occupies an area between Mohammed Ali Road and Khetwadi. The closest Central and Harbour lines station for the Mumbai Suburban Railway is Sandhurst Road, and the closest Western railway stations are Charni Road and Grant Road. The bazaar is popular for shopping viz antique and hardware items. It is also home to the popular Bhendibazaar gharana of Hindustani classical music.

There are other markets surrounding Bhendi Bazaar such as Crawford Market (Phule Market), Chor Bazaar, Nul Bazaar, and other smaller ones.

Chor Bazaar, Mumbai
18°57′37″N 72°49′38″E﻿ / ﻿18.960321°N 72.827176°E﻿ / 18.960321; 72.827176

Chor Bazaar is one of the largest flea markets in India, located on Mutton Street, near Bhendi Bazaar in Grant Road, South Mumbai. The area is one of the tourist attractions of Mumbai. The word "chor" means 'thief' in Marathi, Gujarati and Hindi. According to popular legend, if you lose anything in Mumbai you can buy it back from the Chor Bazaar.
Peter Richard Kenrick
Peter Richard Kenrick (August 17, 1806 – March 4, 1896) was an Irish Catholic priest who served as Bishop of St. Louis from 1843 to 1895. The see was made an archdiocese in 1847, when he was called as the first archbishop west of the Mississippi River. The archdiocese covered nearly all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. He served in this position for nearly 50 years, until months before his death.

Kenrick was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, where he was educated at Maynooth College and ordained as a priest in 1832. He and his older brother Francis Kenrick both served all their lives as priests and officials in the Catholic Church in the United States. For a time they both served in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Francis Kenrick
Francis Patrick Kenrick (December 3, 1796 or 1797 – July 8, 1863) was an Irish-born Catholic prelate who served as bishop of Philadelphia (1842–1851) and archbishop of Baltimore (1851–1863).

Kenrick grew up in Ireland, where he received his early education. He then attended the Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome, where he built a reputation as a theologian and scholar. After his ordination, he went to teach theology in the Diocese of Bardstown in the United States, where he became president of its seminary. Starting in 1830, Kenrick served as Coadjutor Bishop and later Bishop of Philadelphia, dealing with rebellious parish trustees and anti-Catholic riots in the city. He became Archbishop of Baltimore in 1851, serving there until his death in 1863.

Kenrick is known for his contributions to the American Catholic Church as a theologian and canon law scholar as well as for his introducing free parochial schools in the Diocese of Philadelphia and the Archdiocese of Baltimore.
Justice and Reconciliation Party
The Justice and Reconciliation Party (Bosnian: Stranka pravde i pomirenja; Serbian: Странка правде и помирења; abbr. SPP), formerly known as the Bosniak Democratic Union of Sandžak (Bosnian: Bošnjačka demokratska zajednica Sandžaka; Serbian: Бошњачка демократска заједница Санџака; abbr. BDZS), is a political party in Serbia, representing the Bosniak ethnic minority concentrated in the Sandžak region of Serbia.

Bosniaks in Serbia
Bosniaks are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Bosniaks in Serbia is 153,801, constituting 2.3% of the total population, thus being the third-largest ethnic group in the country, after Serbs and Hungarians (the largest ethnic minority in Serbia). The vast majority of Bosniaks live in the southwestern part of the country, bordering Montenegro and Kosovo, in the region historically known as Sandžak, and are therefore colloquially referred to as Sandžaklije. Before the 1990s, the majority of the Bosniaks in Serbia self-identified as ethnic Muslims.

Bosniaks make up the basis of the Muslim community in Serbia; some 55% of all Muslims in Serbia are ethnic Bosniaks, while the rest are ethnic Albanians and Romani people.
Overvote
An overvote occurs when one votes for more than the maximum number of selections allowed in a contest. The result is a spoiled vote which is not included in the final tally.

One example of an overvote would be voting for two candidates in a single race with the instruction "Vote for not more than one." Robert's Rules of Order notes that such votes are illegal.

Undervotes combined with overvotes (known as residual votes) can be an academic indicator in evaluating the accuracy of a voting system when recording voter intent.

While an overvote in a plurality voting system or limited voting is always illegal, in certain other electoral methods including approval voting, this style of voting is valid, and thus invalid overvotes are not possible.

In the corporate world, the term "overvote" describes a situation in which someone votes more proxies than they are authorized to, or for more shares than they hold of record.

Spoilt vote
In voting, a ballot is not included in the vote count if a law declares or an election authority determines that it is spoilt (chiefly British), spoiled (chiefly American), void, null, informal, invalid, rejected or stray. This may occur accidentally or deliberately.

The total number of spoilt votes in a United States election has been called the residual vote.

In some jurisdictions, spoilt votes are counted and reported.
Padovanino
Alessandro Leone Varotari (4 April 1588 – 20 July 1649), also commonly known as Il Padovanino, was a Venetian painter of the late-Mannerist and early-Baroque Venetian school, best known for having mentored Pietro Liberi, Giulio Carpioni, and Bartolommeo Scaligero.
He was the son of Dario Varotari the Elder and the brother of painter Chiara Varotari, who accompanied him on his travels and assisted with his work.

Dario Varotari the Elder
Dario Varotari the Elder (c. 1539–1596) was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect of the Renaissance.

Born in Verona, he was descended from a Strasburg or Augsburg family of the name of 'Weyrotter.' He was a pupil of Paolo Veronese, and an imitator of Titian. He was mainly active in Padua, where he painted for the church of Sant' Elidio. Dario Varotari the Younger was also an artist, and his grandson by the well known Paduan painter Alessandro Varotari.
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CCIR System G
CCIR System G, also known as the "Gerber Standard", is an analog broadcast television system used in sixty countries around the world for UHF channels. System G is generally associated with System B for VHF.

At a CCIR Geneva meeting in July 1950, Dr. Gerber (a Swiss engineer), proposed a modified 625-lines system with a 7 MHz channel bandwidth (based on work by Telefunken and Walter Bruch). Known as the "Gerber Standard", it was initially approved for VHF broadcasts, and eventually adapted for UHF.

Usually paired with PAL colour, it was also used with SECAM in Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.
Minister of Electricity and Energy
The minister of electricity and energy is the energy minister in the Cabinet of South Africa. The office in its current form was established in June 2024 in a merger between the minister in the presidency for electricity and the energy functions of the minister of mineral resources and energy. The energy portfolio was formerly the provenance of the minister of energy between 2009 and 2019.

During other periods, the energy portfolio was conjoined with other portfolios, including under the minister of minerals and energy, until 1994, and under the minister of mineral resources and energy from 2019 to 2024. The minister in the presidency responsible for electricity was appointed for the first time in March 2023 and had a mandate to oversee the government's response to the ongoing electricity crisis.

The incumbent minister of electricity and energy is Kgosientso Ramokgopa of the African National Congress, who was also the first and only minister in the presidency for electricity.

Minister of Mineral and Petroleum Resources
The minister of mineral and petroleum resources is a minister in the cabinet of the South African national government. The minister has political responsibility for the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy.

The office in its current form was re-established in June 2024; it formerly existed between May 2009 and May 2019, initially as the minister of mining and then as the minister for mineral resources. During other periods, the mineral resources portfolio has been enlarged by the inclusion of energy: there was a minister of minerals and energy before May 2009 and, more recently, a minister of mineral resources and energy between May 2019 and June 2024.

The current minister of mineral resources is Gwede Mantashe, who was also the last minister of mineral resources and energy; he has overseen the mineral resources portfolio since February 2018.
WOTH-CD
WOTH-CD (channel 20) was a low-power, Class A television station in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Owned by Elliott B. Block's Block Broadcasting, it was a sister station to WBQC-LD (channel 25). WOTH's transmitter was located along Symmes Street, just south of East McMillan Street in Cincinnati (shared with ABC affiliate WCPO-TV, channel 9).

WBQC-LD
WBQC-LD (channel 25) is a low-power television station in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Media alongside Fox affiliate WXIX-TV (channel 19) and 24/7 weather channel WZCD-LD (channel 30). The three stations share studios at 19 Broadcast Plaza on Seventh Street in the Queensgate neighborhood just west of downtown Cincinnati; WBQC-LD's transmitter is located on Symmes Street in the Mount Auburn section of the city.

According to its website, WBQC was the first television station to be fully automated. It was also the first station in Cincinnati to perform "digital spot insertion" and to air Spanish-language commercials.
Eira
Eira is a borough in Helsinki, the capital of Finland. Eira is located south from the city centre. The neighbourhood has some of the most expensive and sought-after old apartments in Helsinki, built in jugend style. Many foreign embassies and high-class restaurants are situated in Eira and the neighbouring district of Ullanlinna and Kaivopuisto.

Kaivopuisto
Kaivopuisto (Swedish: Brunnsparken), nicknamed Kaivari in Finnish or Brunsan in Swedish, is one of the oldest and best known parks in central Helsinki, Finland, and also a neighbourhood of about 500 inhabitants where the park is located.
Tiatr Academy of Goa
The Tiatr Academy of Goa (TAG) is a government body established by the Government of Goa in 2009 during the tenure of Digambar Kamat as the Chief Minister of Goa. The academy was inaugurated on 16 January 2009 in Margao at the hands of Konkani singer Master Vaz The academy's aim is to foster and develop tiatr and its associated dances, music, songs and literature; especially the Konkani literature in Roman script as well as focus on the cultural unity of Goa as well as India.

Tiatr
Tiatr (English: Theatre; Portuguese: Teatro) is a type of musical theatre that is popular in the state of Goa on the west coast of India, as well as in Mumbai and among the Goan expatriate communities in the Middle East, United Kingdom, and other cities with a significant presence of Konkani speakers. The plays are primarily performed in the Romi Konkani dialects and incorporate elements such as music, dance, and singing. Individuals who perform in tiatr are referred to as tiatrists.
Witchcraft accusations against children in Africa
Witchcraft accusations against children in Africa have received increasing international attention in the first decade of the 21st century.

The phenomenon of witch-hunts in Sub-Saharan Africa is ancient, but the problem has been exacerbated by charismatic preachers such as Helen Ukpabio. According to UNICEF, accusations are spurred on by "urbanization, poverty, conflict and fragmenting communities".

Helen Ukpabio
Helen Ukpabio is the founder and head of African Evangelical franchise Liberty Foundation Gospel Ministries based in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. She is widely accused of causing large-scale harassment and violence against children accused of witchcraft.
Tom Kennedy (actor)
Thomas Aloyisus Kennedy (July 15, 1885 – October 6, 1965) was an American actor known for his roles in Hollywood comedies from the silent days, with such producers as Mack Sennett and Hal Roach, mainly supporting lead comedians such as the Marx Brothers, W. C. Fields, Mabel Normand, Shemp Howard, El Brendel, Laurel and Hardy, and the Three Stooges. Kennedy also played dramatic roles as a supporting actor. Today's viewers may know him from Warner Bros.' nine Torchy Blane features as Gahagan, the poetry-spouting cop whose running line was, "What a day! What a day!"

Shemp Howard
Shemp Howard (born Samuel Horwitz; March 11, 1895 – November 22, 1955) was an American comedian and actor. He is best known as the third Stooge in The Three Stooges, a role he played when the act began in the early 1920s (1923–1932), while it was still associated with Ted Healy and known as "Ted Healy and his Stooges"; and again from 1946 until his death in 1955. During the fourteen years between his times with the Stooges, he had a successful solo career as a film comedian, including a series of shorts by himself and with partners. He reluctantly returned to the Stooges as a favor to his brother Moe and friend Larry Fine to replace his brother Curly as the third Stooge after Curly's illness.
Bolitho v City and Hackney HA
Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority [1998] AC 232; [1997] 3 WLR 1151; [1997] 4 All ER 771 is an important English tort law case, on the standard of care required by medical specialists. It follows the Bolam test for professional negligence, and addresses the interaction with the concept of causation.

Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee
Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582 is an English tort law case that lays down the typical rule for assessing the appropriate standard of reasonable care in negligence cases involving skilled professionals such as doctors. This rule is known as the Bolam test, and states that if a doctor reaches the standard of a responsible body of medical opinion, they are not negligent. Bolam was rejected in the 2015 Supreme Court decision of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board in matters of informed consent.
2024 Copa América Group A
Group A of the 2024 Copa América was one of four groups in the first stage of the tournament. The tournament involved national teams from CONMEBOL (South America) but also includes invited teams from the CONCACAF region (North, Central America and the Caribbean), that qualified via the 2023–24 CONCACAF Nations League.

The group was made up of defending, eventual, and incumbent world champions Argentina, Peru and Chile, all three from CONMEBOL, and Canada from CONCACAF. The draw for the groups was conducted on December 7, 2023, with Argentina being previously seeded into the group. The group's matches, which include the opening match of the tournament between Argentina and Canada, took place from June 20–29 at six venues in six U.S. cities.

The top two teams, following a round-robin of three matches per team, advanced to the quarter-finals.

2024 Copa América knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2024 Copa América began on July 4 with the quarter-finals and ended on July 14, 2024, with the final at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida.

All kickoff times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL.
Malta Plateau
The Malta Plateau (72°58′S 167°18′E﻿ / ﻿72.967°S 167.300°E﻿ / -72.967; 167.300﻿ (Malta Plateau)) is an ice-covered plateau of about 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) extent in the Victory Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The plateau is irregular in shape and is bounded on the south and west by Mariner Glacier, on the north by tributaries to Trafalgar Glacier, and on the east by tributaries to Borchgrevink Glacier.

Mariner Glacier
The Mariner Glacier (73°15′S 167°30′E﻿ / ﻿73.250°S 167.500°E﻿ / -73.250; 167.500) is a major glacier over 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) long, descending southeast from the plateau of Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Mountaineer Range and Malta Plateau, and terminating at Lady Newnes Bay, Ross Sea, where it forms the floating Mariner Glacier Tongue.
Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti
Darejan (Georgian: დარეჯანი) or Nestan-Darejan (ნესტან-დარეჯანი) (c. 1615 – 1668) was a daughter of King Teimuraz I, a ruler of Kakheti in eastern Georgia, with a notable role in the contemporary politics of Georgia. Her three marriages represented a component of her family's and her own political machinations. Her first husband, Zurab I, Duke of Aragvi, was put to death at the behest of Darejan's father in 1630. Her second and third marriages, to Alexander III and Vakhtang I, respectively in 1630 and 1661, made her a queen consort of Imereti, in western Georgia, where Darejan became embroiled in a series coups and counter-coups. She was eventually murdered by members of the rival party in Kutaisi.

Zurab I, Duke of Aragvi
Zurab Aragvis Eristavi (Georgian: ზურაბ არაგვის ერისთავი), also known as Sohrab Aragvis Eristavi (b. 1591 — d. 1629), was a Georgian duke (eristavi) of the Duchy of Aragvi (1619—1629), who initially served the Safavids, and played a leading role in Georgian politics in the first decades of the 17th century. Later, he joined Giorgi Saakadze's (Murav Beg) anti-Persian uprising in 1625–26, switched sides to join Teimuraz I of Kakheti (Tahmuras Khan) against Saakadze, but was eventually murdered by his new ally.
WFMX
WFMX (107.9 FM, "107-9 the Mix") is an adult contemporary–formatted radio station licensed to Skowhegan, Maine. The station is owned by J. Hanson Company, doing business as Mix Maine Media. Its programming is also simulcast on WZLO in Dover-Foxcroft and WBAN in Veazie (near Bangor).

WBAN
WBAN (1340 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format. Licensed to Veazie, Maine, United States, the station serves the Bangor area.  The station is owned by Port Broadcasting, LLC, and is operated by Mix Maine Media as a simulcast of its WFMX in Waterville.