hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concrete block
A concrete block, also known as a cinder block in North American English, breeze block in British English, or concrete masonry unit (CMU), or by various other terms, is a standard-size rectangular block used in building construction. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style with layers (or courses) of staggered blocks.

Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers (cores) to reduce weight, improve insulation and provide an interconnected void into which concrete can be poured to solidify the entire wall after it is built.

Concrete blocks are some of the most versatile building products available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using them.

Building material
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings and other structures, like bridges. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many human-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.
Israel Putnam
Israel Putnam (January 7, 1718 – May 29, 1790), popularly known as "Old Put", was an American military officer and landowner who served in the French and Indian War and American Revolutionary War. He was an officer in Rogers' Rangers during the French and Indian War, during which Putnam was captured by Mohawk warriors. He was saved from the ritual burning given to enemies by the intervention of French captain named Molang, with whom the Mohawks were allied. Putnam's exploits became known far beyond his home of Connecticut's borders through the circulation of folk legends in the American colonies and states celebrating his exploits.

David Humphreys (soldier)
David Humphreys (July 10, 1752 – February 21, 1818) was an American Revolutionary War colonel and aide de camp to George Washington, a secretary and intelligence agent for Benjamin Franklin in Paris, American minister to Portugal and then to Spain, entrepreneur who brought Merino sheep to America, and member of the Connecticut state legislature. He also was a prolific poet and author and a member of the Hartford Wits. As secretary and speechwriter to George Washington during his administration, Humphreys was the nation's first U.S. presidential speechwriter.
Diego López de Medrano y Vergara
Diego López de Medrano y Vergara (Soria, c. XV century – Málaga, June 1487) was a ricohombre and nobleman from the House of Medrano, Lord of San Gregorio and Cañaveruelas, knight, a member of the 12 lineages of Soria, and a member of His Majesty's Council in the Kingdom of Castile. He died at the siege of Malaga in June 1487.

Siege of Málaga (1487)
The 1487 siege of Málaga was an action during the Reconquest of Spain in which the Catholic Monarchs of Spain conquered the city of Mālaqa from the Emirate of Granada. The siege lasted about four months.
It was the first conflict in which ambulances, or dedicated vehicles for the purpose of carrying injured persons, were used. Geopolitically, the loss of the emirate's second largest city—after Granada itself—and its most important port was a major loss for Granada. Most of the surviving population of the city were enslaved or put to death by the conquerors.
MV Loch Tarbert
MV Loch Tarbert (Scottish Gaelic: Loch an Tairbeirt) is a Caledonian Maritime Assets Limited ro-ro car ferry, built in 1992 and currently operated by Caledonian MacBrayne. She has spent most of her career on the seasonal Claonaig – Lochranza crossing.

MV Loch Linnhe
MV Loch Linnhe (Scottish Gaelic: An Linne Dhubh) is a Caledonian Maritime Assets Limited ro-ro car ferry, built in 1986 and operated by Caledonian MacBrayne After over ten years at Largs, she was the summer vessel on the Tobermory–Kilchoan crossing from 1999 to 2017.
Tokyo Skytree Station
Tokyo Skytree Station (とうきょうスカイツリー駅, Tōkyō Sukaitsurī-eki; officially stylized as TOKYO SKYTREE Station) is a railway station on the Tobu Skytree Line in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway. It is adjacent to the Tokyo Skytree and Skytree Town redevelopment, and was formerly known as Narihirabashi Station.

Tobu Skytree Line
The Tobu Skytree Line (東武スカイツリーライン, Tōbu Sukaitsurii-rain) is a section of the Tobu Isesaki Line operated by the private railway company Tobu Railway, extending from Asakusa Station in Tokyo to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen Station in Saitama Prefecture. Some trains from the line continue to the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line and Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line. This section was branded the Tobu Skytree Line on 17 March 2012 in conjunction with the opening of the Tokyo Skytree Tower (which Tobu Railway owns).
Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology
The Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology (AASPT; Chinese: 航天动力技术研究院; also known as "The Fourth Academy") is a research institute affiliated with the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

The institute develops rocket engines that use solid fuel. The institute, which employs around 10,000 people, includes some ten entities located in the Shaanxi and Hubei regions, and is headquartered in Xi'an. AASPT is a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) is a main contractor for the Chinese space program. It is state-owned and has subsidiaries which design, develop and manufacture a range of spacecraft, launch vehicles, and ground equipment. It also has a division for strategic and tactical missile systems.
Blue Desert
The Blue Desert (Arabic: الصحراء الزرقاء, romanized: aṣ-Ṣaḥrāʾ az-Zarqāʾ; also known as the Sinai Peace Junction) is an area of the Sinai Desert near Saint Catherine, where a number of rocks are painted blue.

This piece of art was created in 1980 when, following the signing of the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty, Belgian artist Jean Verame visited Sinai to paint a line of peace. Verame gained the permission of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and received a grant of ten tons of paint from the United Nations.

Saint Catherine, Egypt
Saint Catherine (Egyptian Arabic: سانت كاترين, pronounced [ˈsænte kætˈɾiːn]; Greek: Αγία Αικατερίνη; also spelled Saint Katrine) is a town located in the South Sinai Governorate of Egypt, situated at the foot of Mount Sinai. The city is the site of Saint Catherine's Monastery.

The city is 1,586 metres (5,203 ft) above sea level and is 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Nuweiba. In 1994, its population was 4,603 people. In 2002, the Saint Catherine area was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
David Hazony
David Yair Hazony (Hebrew: דוד יאיר חזוני; born 1969) is an American-born Israeli writer, translator, and editor. He was the founding editor of The Tower Magazine from 2013 to 2017, and from 2017 to 2020 served as executive director of the Israel Innovation Fund. In 2020 he became an independent editor with Wicked Son Books. Since 2024, he serves as director and senior fellow at the Z3 Institute.

The Israel Project
The Israel Project (TIP) was a US-based  non-profit, non-government organization. According to TIP, it was not affiliated with any government.

TIP had offices in the United States and Israel, and regularly hosted press briefings featuring Israeli spokespeople and analysts.
Cathedral Quarter Arts Festival
The Cathedral Quarter Arts Festival is an annual festival of music, comedy, theatre, art and literature that takes place in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The first festival took place in May 2000. It has since primarily taken place in the first weeks of May in an area of Belfast known as the Cathedral Quarter, so-called because of its proximity to St Anne's Cathedral. The festival claims to offer a socially inclusive agenda and eclectic programming blend of "big names", emerging acts and fringe performances. The 2002 festival featured Zadie Smith, Nick Hornby and Irvine Welsh, and the debut of Martin Lynch's runaway hit History of the Troubles According to my Da. The festival will celebrate its 25th year in 2025.

Cathedral Quarter, Belfast
The Cathedral Quarter (Irish: Ceathrú na hArdeaglaise) in Belfast, Northern Ireland, is a developing area of the city, roughly situated between Royal Avenue near where the Belfast Central Library building is, and the Dunbar Link in the city centre. From one of its corners, the junction of Royal Avenue, Donegall Street and York Street, the Cathedral Quarter lies south and east. Part of the area, centred on Talbot Street behind the cathedral, was formerly called the Half Bap. The "Little Italy" area was on the opposite side of Great Patrick Street centred on Little Patrick Street and Nelson Street.

The Cathedral Quarter extends out to the edge of what can be referred as the old merchant quarter of the city. Past where the merchant area meets the Cathedral Quarter is still mostly merchant trade and services orientated and undeveloped for visitor services.

The Cathedral Quarter is so called because St Anne's Cathedral, a Church of Ireland cathedral, lies at its heart.
U.S. Route 40 in Kansas
U.S. Route 40 (US-40) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Interstate 80 (I-80) and US-189 in Silver Summit, Utah east to US-322 and Ocean Drive in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-40 is a main east–west highway that runs from the Colorado border east to the Missouri border. The highway is concurrent with Interstate 70 (I-70) from Oakley to Topeka, and again through Kansas City.

Interstate 70 in Kansas
Interstate 70 (I-70) is a mainline route of the Interstate Highway System in the United States connecting Cove Fort, Utah, to Baltimore, Maryland. In the US state of Kansas, I-70 extends just over 424 miles (682 km) from the Colorado border near the town of Kanorado to the Missouri border in Kansas City. I-70 in Kansas contains the first segment in the country to start being paved and to be completed in the Interstate Highway System. The route passes through several of the state's principal cities in the process, including Kansas City, Topeka, and Salina. The route also passes through the cities of Lawrence, Junction City, and Abilene.

The section of I-70 from Topeka to the Missouri border is co-designated as the Kansas Turnpike; only the section between Topeka and just west of Kansas City is tolled.
ISO 14051
ISO 14051 is part of the ISO 14000 family of standards relating to environmental management codified by the International Organization for Standardization. The purpose of ISO 14051:2011 is to provide principles and generic guidelines on material flow cost accounting. The norm seeks to provide a universally recognized paradigm for practitioners and companies employing material flow cost accounting. It is not intended for third parties certification.

Material flow cost accounting
Material flow cost accounting (MFCA) is a management tool that assists organizations in better understanding the potential environmental and financial consequences of their material and energy practices and seeks to improve them via changes in those practices. It does so by assessing the physical material flows in a company or a supply chain and assign adequate associated costs to these flows.
Mount Pisgah (Vermont)
Mount Pisgah is a mountain in Westmore, Vermont.  It is located on the east side of Lake Willoughby and constitutes the eastern side of "Willoughby Gap" ("Willoughby Notch"). It is part of the Northeastern Highlands of Vermont. There are hiking trails in Willoughby State Forest.

The cliffs contain alpine plants protected because no trails lead to or through them.

Lake Willoughby
Lake Willoughby is a glacial lake located in the town of Westmore in Orleans County in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont, United States.

The lake's southern end is surrounded by the Willoughby State Forest. This state forest includes Mount Pisgah, Mount Hor, collectively "Willoughby Gap".

In 2010, the magazine Yankee named Willoughby as the third best lake in New England.

Willoughby Lake has a public beach that stretches 0.4 kilometres (0.25 mi) on the north shore of the lake, or in the zone of the lake outlet. Another public beach is located at the bottom of the South Bay of the Lake. The village of Westmore is located on the east side, at the confluence area of Mill Creek which drains the waters of Long Pond. Many cottages and houses are located on North-East bank of the lake.
Offences Against the Person (Ireland) Act 1829
The Offences Against the Person (Ireland) Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 34), also known as the Offences Against the Person Act (Ireland) 1829, is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated for Ireland enactments related to offences against the person (an expression which, in particular, includes offences of violence) from a number of earlier piecemeal statutes into a single act.

The act included repeals mirroring for Ireland the Offences Against the Person Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4 c. 31), including repealing acts of the Parliament of England extended to Ireland by Poynings' Act 1495.

Similar provision was made for India by the Criminal Law (India) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 74).

Criminal Law Act 1827
The Criminal Law Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 28) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, applicable only to England and Wales. The act abolished many obsolete procedural devices in English criminal law, particularly the benefit of clergy.

The act was one of Peel's Acts which consolidated, repealed and replaced a large number of existing statutes. The enactments replaced by the act were repealed by the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827 (7 & 8 Geo. 4. c. 27).

Similar provisions were made for Ireland by the Criminal Law (Ireland) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 54) and for India by the Criminal Law (India) Act 1828 (9 Geo. 4. c. 74).
Mayor of the District of Columbia
The mayor of the District of Columbia is the head of the executive branch of the government of the District of Columbia. The mayor has the duty to enforce district laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the D.C. Council. In addition, the mayor oversees all district services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and the district public school system.

The mayor's office oversees an annual district budget of $8.8 billion.
The mayor's executive office is located in the John A. Wilson Building in Downtown. The mayor appoints several officers, including the deputy mayors for Education and Planning & Economic Development, the district administrator, the chancellor of the district's public schools, and the department heads of the district agencies.

Council of the District of Columbia
The Council of the District of Columbia (or simply D.C. Council) is the legislative branch of the government of the District of Columbia. As permitted in the United States Constitution, the district is not part of any U.S. state and is overseen directly by the federal government.

Since 1975, the United States Congress has devolved to the Council certain powers that are typically exercised by city councils elsewhere in the country, as well as many powers normally held by state legislatures. However, the Constitution vests Congress with ultimate authority over the federal district, and therefore all acts of the council are subject to congressional review. They may be overturned by Congress and the president. Congress also has the power to legislate for the district and even revoke the home rule charter altogether.

The council meets in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington, D.C.
Schwartz topological vector space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, Schwartz spaces are topological vector spaces (TVS) whose neighborhoods of the origin have a property similar to the definition of totally bounded subsets. These spaces were introduced by Alexander Grothendieck.

Montel space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a Montel space, named after Paul Montel, is any topological vector space (TVS) in which an analog of Montel's theorem holds.  Specifically, a Montel space is a barrelled topological vector space in which every closed and bounded subset is compact.
French livre
The livre (abbreviation: £ or ₶., French for libra (pound)) was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor states of Francia and West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of coins and of units of account.

French denier
The denier (/dəˈnɪər/; Latin: denarius, Italian: denaro, Greek: δηνάριο, romanized: dinario; abbr. d.) or penny was a medieval coin which takes its name from the Frankish coin first issued in the late seventh century; in English it is sometimes referred to as a silver penny. Its appearance represents the end of gold coinage, which, at the start of Frankish rule, had either been Roman (Byzantine) or "pseudo-imperial" (minted by the Franks in imitation of Byzantine coinage). Silver would be the basis for Frankish coinage from then on. The denier was minted in France, Cyprus and parts of the Italian peninsula for the whole of the Middle Ages, in states such as the patriarchate of Aquileia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Siena, Kingdom of Cyprus, and the crusader state Kingdom of Jerusalem, among others.
Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz
Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Echauz (15th century –16th century) was a  high ranking nobleman and military leader, serving as merino of the merindad of Estella during the final years of an independent Kingdom of Navarre. Head of the ancient House of Medrano in Navarre, the Vélaz de Medrano mayorazgo and the Palace of Vélaz de Medrano (Cabo de Armería), a ricohombre of Navarre, Lord of Igúzquiza, Aguinano, Orendain, Zabala, Arróniz, the 4th Lord of Learza and a descendant of Queen Joan II of Navarre and King Philip III of Navarre. He became the Alcaide (governor) of the castles of Del Castillo, Santacara, and Monjardin. Juan served as the Major Knight of King John III of Navarre and Henry II of Navarre. In 1524 the Lord of Igúzquiza accepted the general pardon issued by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor after the Spanish conquest of Navarre. Juan was a significant representative of the Agramontese faction, rivals of the Beaumontese.

San Esteban de Deyo
San Esteban de Deyo, also called the Castillo de Monjardín, is a ruined castle on a hill overlooking Villamayor de Monjardín in Navarre. The castle lies at an elevation of 890 metres. The castle has a Roman foundation, but was repeatedly rebuilt over the centuries. It was one of the last fortresses of the Banu Qasi, the local Muslim dynasty, before it was taken by King Sancho I of Navarre in 914. According to the Historia Caroli Magni et Rotholandi, a legendary retelling of the lives of Charlemagne and Roland found in the 12th-century Codex Calixtinus, the castle was actually taken by Charlemagne from a Navarrese prince named Furré.

Only the walls of the castle stand today. Many of the stones were taken to build a Baroque hermitage, the Ermita de San Esteban, in the 17th century. The ruins of San Esteban de Deyo were named a Bien de Interés Cultural de Navarra on 25 June 1985.
Tarmacadam
Tarmacadam (a portmanteau of "tar" and "macadam") or tarmac is a concrete road surfacing material made by combining tar and macadam (crushed stone and sand), patented by Welsh inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902. It is a more durable and dust-free enhancement of simple compacted stone macadam surfaces invented by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century. The terms "tarmacadam" and "tarmac" are also used for a variety of other materials, including tar-grouted macadam, bituminous surface treatments and modern asphalt concrete.

Macadam
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam c. 1820, in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a cement or bituminous binder to keep dust and stones together. The method simplified what had been considered state-of-the-art at that point.
Andrei Stoica
Andrei Cătălin Stoica (born May 1, 1987) is a Romanian kickboxer competing in the Light Heavyweight division. He was the first to hold the SUPERKOMBAT Super Cruiserweight Championship and held the SUPERKOMBAT record for most consecutive title defenses.

Stoica was the No. 5 ranked light-heavyweight in the world during his reign as the SUPERKOMBAT Super Cruiserweight Champion. He is also a three-time wushu national champion and European wushu champion.

While perhaps best known for competing in the Superkombat Fighting Championship (SUPERKOMBAT), he has also competed for K-1, Glory, LEGEND, Dynamite Fighting Show and ONE Championship, where he is a former ONE Light Heavyweight Championship title challenger

As of 1 January 2023, Stoica is ranked the #10 heavyweight in the world by Beyond Kick.

Bogdan Stoica
Bogdan Cristian Stoica (born January 28, 1990) is a Romanian professional kickboxer and boxer, and former wushu practitioner. Stoica is also one-time SUPERKOMBAT Cruiserweight Champion, one-time Enfusion Light Heavyweight and two-time wushu national champion. He was also ranked as a top-10 middleweight in the world for several years by LiverKick.com, CombatPress.com and GloryKickboxing.com. He has competed for GLORY, ONE Championship, SUPERKOMBAT Fighting Championship, Enfusion, Wu Lin Feng and K-1.

As of 16 January 2019, Stoica was ranked the #1 light-heavyweight in the world by Enfusion Live. As of February 1, 2025, he is #9 in the GLORY light-heavyweight rankings.

Bogdan is known to wear shorts with extra slits on his shorts for better movement. He is also known for his flying kicks, knee attacks and axe-kick, a kick that is characterized by a straightened leg descending onto an opponent like the blade of an axe.
Delta Faucet Company
Delta Faucet Company is an American manufacturer of plumbing fixtures and plumbing materials. It is a subsidiary of Masco Corporation. It manufactures and markets faucets, kitchen sinks, bath/shower fixtures, steam showers, and water filtration units under the Delta, Brizo, Newport Brass, Kraus, and Peerless brand names.

Masco
Masco Corporation is an American manufacturer of products for the home improvement and new home construction markets. Comprising more than 20 companies, the Masco conglomerate operates nearly 60 manufacturing facilities in the United States and over 20 in other parts of the world. Since 1969 it trades on the NYSE. Under the leadership of Richard Manoogian, the company grew exponentially and subsequently joined the Fortune 500 list of largest U.S. corporations.

As of 2007, Masco employed approximately 32,500 employees and has approximately 6,000 shareholders. The company is currently ranked at 373 on the Fortune 500.  As of December 31, 2007, Masco had a little over ten billion dollars in assets, and the company's total revenue was $11.77 billion. Total sales for the company in 2009 were 7.8 billion. In 2010, the company had worldwide sales of $7.6 billion and approximately 90 manufacturing facilities. As of August 2014, the CEO is Keith J. Allman.