hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver
The Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver was a single action pocket revolver introduced by the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in 1871. Introduced a year before the Colt Open Top (a model from 1872) and two years before the Colt Peacemaker and the Colt New Line (both introduced in 1873), the Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver was, alongside the Colt House Revolver, one of the two first metallic cartridge rear-loading revolvers manufactured by Colt's. It was also one of the first pocket metallic cartridge revolvers made by the company.

Colt New Line
The Colt New Line was a single action pocket revolver introduced by the Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in 1873.

Two years after the Colt House Revolver (1871), a year after the Colt Open Top (1872) and almost simultaneously alongside the Colt Single Action Army (1873), the Colt New Line was one of the first metallic cartridge rear-loading revolvers manufactured by Colt. It was, alongside the Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver (1871), one of the first pocket metallic cartridge revolvers made by the company.
Naim Moghabghab
Naim Moghabghab (Arabic: نعيم مغبغب) (January 11, 1911 – July 27, 1959) was a Lebanese political leader and an independence hero among Lebanon's Christian population. He founded, along with president Camille Chamoun (in office 1952–1958), the National Liberal Party  (حزب الوطنيين الأحرار Hizbu-l-waTaniyyīni-l-aHrār).

He was elected member of Parliament in 1953, re-elected in 1957, and served as Minister of Public Works in 1955. He formed a Christian (Maronite) militia under the name of the "National Guard" for Chamoun's government, and also led the military front in the 1958 revolt to reinforce Camille Chamoun's position.

He was assassinated on 27 July 1959, when his car was attacked by opposition supporters. He received the highest honor of Lebanon: Grand Officer of the National Order of The Cedar.

Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun OM, ONC (Arabic: كميل نمر شمعون, romanized: Kamīl Nimr Shamʿūn, pronounced [kaˈmiːl ʃamˈʕuːn]; 3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician and za'im (political boss) who served as the 2nd president of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958. He was one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War.
Dr. Wagner
Manuel González Rivera (April 13, 1936 – September 12, 2004) was a Mexican professional wrestler, or Luchador best known under the ring name Dr. Wagner. González made his professional wrestling debut in 1961 and worked the majority of his career for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL). As Dr. Wagner, he worked most of his career as an enmascarado, or masked wrestler, losing his mask to El Solitario in 1985. Along with Ángel Blanco, González formed one of the premier tag teams of the 1960s and 1970s called La Ola Blanca (Spanish for "the White Wave"). One of his sons works as a professional wrestler under the name Dr. Wagner Jr., and another son wrestled as Silver King until his death in 2019. One of his grandsons made his wrestling debut in 2009 under the name El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr. or Dr. Wagner III.

Ángel Blanco
José Ángel Vargas Sánchez (August 2, 1938 – April 26, 1986) was a Mexican Luchador or professional wrestler best known under the ring name Angel Blanco. Vargas is the father-in-law of the first Ángel Blanco Jr. and the father of the current Ángel Blanco Jr. and Hijo del Ángel Blanco I and II, as well as the grandfather of Horus. Vargas made his professional wrestling debut in 1958 and worked for the majority of his career for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL). As Ángel Blanco he worked most of his career as an enmascarado, or masked wrestler until losing his mask to El Solitario 1972. Along with Dr. Wagner, Vargas formed one of the premier tag teams of the 1960s and 1970s called La Ola Blanca (Spanish for "the White Wave").
Isidore of Scetes
Saint Isidore of Scetes (died c. 390) was a 4th-century A.D. Egyptian Christian priest and desert ascetic.

Isidore was one of the Desert Fathers and was a companion of Macarius the Great. 
John Cassian lists him as the leader of one of the four monastic communities of Scetes.
The Roman Martyrology describes the blessed Isidore as renowned for holiness of life, faith and miracles.
His feast day is 15 January.

Wadi El Natrun
Wadi El Natrun (Arabic: وادي النطرون, lit. 'Valley of Natron'; Coptic: Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ, romanized: Šihēt, lit. 'measure of the heart') is a depression in northern Egypt that is located 23 m (75 ft) below sea level and 38 m (125 ft) below the Nile River level. The valley contains several alkaline lakes, natron-rich salt deposits, salt marshes and freshwater marshes.

In Christian literature it is usually known as Scetis (Σκήτις  in Hellenistic Greek) or  Skete (Σκήτη, plural Σκήτες in ecclesiastical Greek). 
It is one of the three early Christian monastic centers located in the Nitrian Desert of the northwestern Nile Delta. The other two monastic centers are Nitria and Kellia. Scetis, now called Wadi El Natrun, is best known today because its ancient monasteries remain in use, unlike Nitria and Kellia which have only archaeological remains. The desertified valley around Scetis in particular may be called the Desert of Scetis.
Philip of Spanheim
Philip of Spanheim (also Philip of Sponheim; died 22 July 1279) was a 13th century bishop who was

elected Archbishop of Salzburg (1247–1257) and Patriarch of Aquileia (1269–1271). He held the title of a Count of Lebenau (1254–1279) and was nominal Duke of Carinthia. With his death the senior line of the House of Sponheim came to an end.

Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia (Latin: Ducatus Carinthiae; German: Herzogtum Kärnten; Slovene: Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial State after the original German stem duchies.

Carinthia remained a State of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, though from 1335 it was ruled within the Austrian dominions of the Habsburg dynasty. A constituent part of the Habsburg monarchy and of the Austrian Empire, it remained a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until 1918. By the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite in October 1920, the main area of the duchy formed the Austrian state of Carinthia.
University of the Republic of San Marino
The University of the Republic of San Marino (in Italian: Università degli Studi della Repubblica di San Marino) is a public research university in the Republic of San Marino. It was created in 1985, but it started its activities with the Scuola Superiore di Studi Storici.

Scuola Superiore di Studi Storici di San Marino
The Scuola Superiore di Studi Storici di San Marino (Graduate School of Historical Studies at San Marino), established in 1988, is a doctoral institution in San Marino, dedicated to historical research and related humanities.
Bridge Trafford
Bridge Trafford is a hamlet in the civil parish of Mickle Trafford and District, in Cheshire West and Chester, Cheshire, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) to the north of Mickle Trafford on the A56 road, and is 4 miles (6 km) north-east of Chester. Bridge Trafford was formerly a separate civil parish until 2015.

Mickle Trafford
Mickle Trafford is a village in Cheshire West and Chester, Cheshire, England. It is the main village in the civil parish of Mickle Trafford and District. The A56 road from Chester to Warrington passes through the village and the Chester-Warrington railway line passes immediately to its east. In 2011 the parish of Mickle Trafford had a population of 1822.
Diselma
Diselma archeri (dwarf pine or Cheshunt pine) is a species of plant of the family Cupressaceae and the sole species in the genus Diselma. It is endemic to the alpine regions of Tasmania's southwest and Central Highlands, on the western coast ranges and Lake St. Clair. It is a monotypic genus restricted to high altitude rainforest and moist alpine heathland. Its distribution mirrors very closely that of other endemic Tasmanian conifers Microcachrys tetragona and Pherosphaera hookeriana.

Microcachrys
Microcachrys tetragona, known as creeping pine or creeping strawberry pine, is a species of dioecious conifer belonging to the podocarp family (Podocarpaceae). It is the sole species of the genus Microcachrys. The plant is endemic to western Tasmania, where it is a low shrub growing to 1 m tall at high altitudes. Its leaves are scale-like, arranged (unusually for the Podocarpaceae) in opposite decussate pairs, superficially resembling those of the unrelated Diselma archeri (Cupressaceae). It shares the common name Creeping pine with several other plants. Females produce tiny, red, edible berries in summer.
Rice-duck farming
Rice-duck farming is the polycultural practice of raising ducks and rice on the same land. It has existed in different forms for centuries in Asian countries including China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, sometimes also involving fish. The practice is beneficial as it yields harvests of both rice and ducks. The two are in addition synergistic, as the rice benefits from being weeded and fertilized by the ducks, and having pests removed, while the ducks benefit from the food available in the rice paddy fields, including weeds and small animals.

Rice-fish system
A rice-fish system is a rice polyculture, a practice that integrates rice agriculture with aquaculture, most commonly with freshwater fish. It is based on a mutually beneficial relationship between rice and fish in the same agroecosystem. The system was recognized by the FAO in 2002 as one of the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems.

The benefits of rice-fish systems include increased rice yield, the production of an additional (fish) crop on the same land, diversification of farm production, increased food security, and reduced need for inputs of fertilizer and pesticide. Because fish eat insects and snails, the systems may reduce mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, and snail-born parasites such as the trematodes which cause schistosomiasis. The reduction in chemical inputs may reduce environmental harms caused by their release into the environment. The increased biodiversity may reduce methane emissions from rice fields.
Scottish Arts Council
The Scottish Arts Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Ealain na h-Alba), was a Scottish public body responsible for the funding, development and promotion of the arts in Scotland. The Council primarily distributed funding from the Scottish Government as well as National Lottery funds received via the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

The Scottish Arts Council was formed in 1994 following a restructuring of the Arts Council of Great Britain, but had existed as an autonomous body since a royal charter of 1967. In 2010 it merged with Scottish Screen to form Creative Scotland.

Creative Scotland
Creative Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba Chruthachail [ˈal̪ˠapə ˈxɾuhəxal]; Scots: Creative Scotlan) is the development body for the arts and creative industries in Scotland. Based in Edinburgh, it is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government.
Deir 'Ammar
Deir 'Ammar (Arabic: دير عمار) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 17 km (11 mi) northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 3,353 inhabitants in 2017.

Deir 'Ammar, together with Beitillu and Jammala, form the new town of Al-Ittihad.

Jammala
Jammala (Arabic: جمّالا) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 18 kilometers Northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank.  According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,664 inhabitants in 2017.

Jammala, together with Beitillu and Deir 'Ammar, form the new town of Al-Ittihad.
Gradius V
Gradius V (グラディウスV, Guradiusu V) is a 2004 scrolling shooter video game published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. It was largely developed under contract by Treasure, who had previously worked on Radiant Silvergun and Ikaruga. The game is set predominantly in outer space where players control a fictional spacecraft called Vic Viper through a continuously scrolling background depicting the territories of Bacterian—an evil empire which serves as the player's enemy. Gradius V received overall positive reviews. Critics praised the level design, graphical design and "classic" revival, but criticized the game's difficulty.

Gradius
Gradius (グラディウス, Guradiusu; /ˈɡræd.i.əs/ GRAD-ee-əss or /ˈɡreɪ.di.əs/ GRAY-dee-əss) is a series of shooter (shoot'em up) video games, introduced in 1985, developed and published by Konami for a variety of portable, console and arcade platforms. In many games in the series, the player controls a ship known as the Vic Viper.

On December 5, 2025, Konami Arcade Games held the Gradius Lottery, a lottery sale to commemorate the series' 40th anniversary. The lottery sale offered a chance to win Gradius items featuring numerous original illustrations, as well as special postcards as bonus gifts.
Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (previously known as the Apsara Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role) is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role. Following its inception in 2004, no one was awarded in 2005 and 2007.

† - indicates the performance also won the Filmfare Award
‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Filmfare Award

Producers Guild Film Awards
The Producers Guild Film Awards, previously known as the Apsara Awards and the Star Guild Awards is an award event hosted by the Producers Guild of India to recognise excellence in Hindi film and television. Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna in 2004, the Guild Awards were one of the major award events from 2004 till 2016, when the last awards ceremony happened. The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was "inspired by the rich heritage of one of India's most treasured possessions – the Ajanta and Ellora Caves." Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild, with the full membership (around 160) available to vote for the winners. The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting.
Antonio Filippini
Antonio Filippini (born 3 July 1973) is an Italian football coach and a former player who played mainly as a defensive midfielder, currently in charge as head coach of  club  Pavia.

He played in several teams with his twin brother, Emanuele, and spent most of his extensive career with Brescia, amassing Serie A totals of 303 games and 12 goals over the course of 11 seasons.

Emanuele Filippini
Emanuele Filippini (born 3 July 1973) is an Italian retired footballer who played as a defensive midfielder, currently working as an assistant coach for the Italy national under-19 football team.

He played in several teams with his twin brother, Antonio, and spent most of his career with Brescia, amassing Serie A totals of 175 games and six goals over the course of eight seasons.
Terminal sulcus (heart)
The terminal sulcus is a groove on the outer surface of the right atrium of the heart marking the transition between the sinus venarum cavarum (which has a distinct embryological origin) and the rest of the right atrium (which features pectinate muscles on its inner surface). The terminal sulcus corresponds to the position of the terminal crest on the inner surface of the right atrium. The terminal sulcus (and crest) indicate the position of the sinoatrial node.

Sinoatrial node
The sinoatrial node (also known as the sinuatrial node, SA node, sinus node or Keith–Flack node) is an oval shaped region of special cardiac muscle in the upper back wall of the right atrium made up of cells known as pacemaker cells. The sinus node is approximately 15 mm long, 3 mm wide, and 1 mm thick, located directly below and to the side of the superior vena cava.

These cells produce an electrical impulse known as a cardiac action potential that travels through the electrical conduction system of the heart, causing it to contract. In a healthy heart, the SA node continuously produces action potentials, setting the rhythm of the heart (sinus rhythm), and so is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The rate of action potentials produced (and therefore the heart rate) is influenced by the nerves that supply it.
Bam, Iran
Bam (Persian: بم) is a city in the Central District of Bam County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The modern city surrounds the ancient citadel which has a history dating back to around 2,000 years ago. The citadel is a popular tourist attraction and a world heritage site. Before the 2003 earthquake, the official population count of the city was roughly 43,000.

Arg-e Bam
The Arg-e Bam (Persian: ارگ بم), located in the city of Bam, Kerman province of southeastern Iran, 
is the largest adobe building in the world. The entire building was a large fortress containing the citadel, but because the citadel dominates the ruins, the entire fortress is now named Bam Citadel.

Listed by UNESCO as part of the World Heritage Site "Bam and its Cultural Landscape", it can be traced back to at least the Achaemenid Empire (sixth to fourth centuries BC). The citadel rose to importance from the seventh to eleventh centuries, as a crossroads along the Silk Road and other important trade routes, and as a producer of silk and cotton garments.

On 26 December 2003, the citadel was almost completely destroyed by an earthquake, along with much of the rest of Bam and its environs. A few days after the earthquake, the President of Iran, Mohammad Khatami, announced that the citadel would be rebuilt.
2018 Husky Energy Refinery explosion
On April 26, 2018, an explosion and subsequent fire occurred at the Husky Energy Oil Refinery in Superior, Wisconsin. What began as an explosion and subsequent fire at the plant at 10:00 AM CST was dealt with accordingly close to noon. However, the explosion had sent debris flying across the refinery; one piece struck an above ground storage tank containing 50,000 barrels of asphalt, which then spilled along the grounds of the plant, ignited, and sent a thick plume of black smoke into the air. Evacuations were ordered in the city of Superior, including businesses, schools, and a hospital. The fire was extinguished later in the evening, and the evacuation order would be lifted the following morning. 36 refinery employees were treated for injuries resulting from the explosion. There were no fatalities. The U.S. Chemical Safety Board's investigation revealed that there were no safeguards in place to prevent explosions in the event of a shutdown.

Superior, Wisconsin
Superior is a city in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 26,751 at the 2020 census. Superior and nearby Duluth, Minnesota, sit at the western tip of Lake Superior and together form the Twin Ports, a major Great Lakes harbor.

Bordered by Saint Louis, Superior, and Allouez bays, the city is framed by two rivers: the Nemadji and the Saint Louis. Superior is at the junction of U.S. Route 2 and U.S. Route 53 immediately north of, and adjacent to, both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior. It is an industrial city, with ship harbors along two sides, several large rail yards, an oil refinery, and a shipyard. Superior and neighboring Duluth feature museum ships (SS William A. Irvin in Duluth and SS Meteor in Superior), devoted to the local maritime heritage. Superior was the final port of call for SS Edmund Fitzgerald before her sinking on November 10, 1975.
Operation Sarbakaf
Operation Sarbakaf is an ongoing Pakistan Army-led counterterrorism offensive launched on 29 July 2025 in Bajaur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Security forces began the operation in Loi (Lowi) Mamund tehsil around 9:00 AM, supported by gunship helicopters and artillery, and simultaneously imposed a three-day curfew in 16 villages. Federal authorities and provincial authorities described the aim as eliminating militant hideouts and restoring security in the troubled border region, where a resurgence of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) activity had been reported.

Authorities imposed an extended curfew from 11 to 14 August in 27 areas of Mamund Tehsil. In anticipation of large-scale displacement, tents and mattresses were deployed at the Bajaur Sports Complex to accommodate internally displaced persons.

Bajaur District
Bajaur District (Pashto: باجوړ ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع باجوڑ), formerly Bajaur Agency, is a district in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Prior to 2018, Bajaur Agency was the northernmost component of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), a semi-autonomous region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. In May 2018, FATA was merged into the larger Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) in an attempt to bring stability to the region, redesignating Bajaur Agency to Bajaur District.

The district lies on Pakistan's western border, sharing a 52 km border with Afghanistan's Kunar Province, and lies 35 mi (56 km) north of the Torkham border crossing linking Jalalabad and Peshawar. 498 square kilometer miles in size, Bajaur occupies a small mountain basin and is into seven tehsil (subdistricts) with its district headquarters in the town of Khar, in the district's center. According to the 2017 Pakistani census, Bajaur District has a population of 1,090,987.
Dhana Nanda
Dhana Nanda (died c. 321 BCE), according to the Buddhist text Mahabodhivamsa, was the last Nanda king of Magadha.

Chandragupta Maurya raised an army that eventually conquered the Nanda capital Pataliputra and defeated him. This defeat marked the fall of the Nanda Empire and the birth of the Maurya Empire.

The Jain tradition presents a similar legend about the last Nanda emperor, although it simply calls the emperor "Nanda", and states that the emperor was allowed to leave his capital alive after being defeated. The Puranas give a different account, describing the last Nanda emperor as one of eight sons of the dynasty's founder, whom they call Mahapadma. The Greco-Roman accounts name Alexander's contemporary ruler in India as Agrammes or Xandrames, whom modern historians identify as the last Nanda emperor. According to these accounts, Alexander's soldiers mutinied when faced with the prospect of a war with this emperor's powerful army.

Mahapadma Nanda
Mahapadma Nanda (IAST: Mahāpadmānanda; c. mid 4th century BCE), according to the Puranas, was the first Nanda king of Magadha.

The Puranas describe him as a son of the last Shaishunaga king Mahanandin and a Shudra woman. These texts credit him with extensive conquests that expanded the Empire far beyond the Magadha region. The different Puranas give the length of his reign as 27 or 88 years, and state that his eight sons ruled in succession after him.

Buddhist texts don't mention him, and instead name the first Nanda ruler as robber-turned king Ugrasena, who was succeeded by his eight brothers, the last of whom was Dhana Nanda.