hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banyan
A banyan, also spelled banian (/ˈbænjən/ BAN-yən), is a fig that develops accessory trunks from adjacent prop roots, allowing the tree to spread outwards indefinitely. This distinguishes banyans from other trees with a strangler habit that begin life as an epiphyte, i.e. a plant that grows on another plant, when its seed germinates in a crack or crevice of a host tree or edifice. "Banyan" often specifically denotes Ficus benghalensis (the "Indian banyan"), which is the national tree of India, though the name has also been generalized to denominate all figs that share a common life cycle and used systematically in taxonomy to denominate the subgenus Urostigma.

Ficus
Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/ or /ˈfiːkəs/) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig (F. carica) and sycamore fig (F. sycomorus), are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife. Figs are also of considerable cultural importance throughout the tropics, both as objects of worship and for their many practical uses.
Seal of Massachusetts
The Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts contains the coat of arms of Massachusetts. The coat of arms is encircled by the Latin text "Sigillum Reipublicæ Massachusettensis" (literally, The Seal of the Republic of Massachusetts). The Massachusetts Constitution designates the form of government a "commonwealth", for which respublica is the correct Latin term. The seal uses the coat of arms of Massachusetts as its central element.

An official emblem of the state, the coat of arms was adopted by the Legislature in 1775 and then reaffirmed by Governor John Hancock and his Council in 1780. The present rendition of the seal was drawn by resident-artist Edmund H. Garrett and was adopted by the state in 1900. While the inscription around the seal is officially in Latin, a variant with "Commonwealth of Massachusetts" in English is also sometimes used.

Flag of Massachusetts
The flag of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was adopted on March 18, 1908, and has only been changed once in 1971 with the removal of the reverse side. The flag features the coat of arms of the Commonwealth on a white field. The state currently has three official flags: a state flag, a governor's flag, and a "naval and maritime flag" (despite it no longer having its own naval militia).

With Florida, it is one of only two state flags to prominently feature a Native American. The flag of Minnesota also featured a Native American until 2024.
Cytochrome b6f complex
The cytochrome b6f complex (plastoquinol/plastocyanin reductase or plastoquinol/plastocyanin oxidoreductase;  EC 7.1.1.6) is an enzyme found in the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts of plants, cyanobacteria, and green algae, that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from plastoquinol to plastocyanin:

plastoquinol + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + 2 H+ [side 1]  plastoquinone + 2 reduced plastocyanin + 4 H+ [side 2].

The reaction is analogous to the reaction catalyzed by cytochrome bc1 (Complex III) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.  During photosynthesis, the cytochrome b6f complex is one step along the chain that transfers electrons from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, and at the same time pumps protons into the thylakoid space, contributing to the generation of an electrochemical (energy) gradient that is later used to synthesize ATP from ADP.

Thylakoid
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stromal thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.

In thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll pigments are found in packets called quantasomes. Each quantasome contains 230 to 250 chlorophyll molecules.
Mikhail Matusovsky
Mikhail Lvovich Matusovsky (Russian: Михаил Львович Матусовский; 23 July 1915, Lugansk, Slavyanoserbsk uezd, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire – 16 July 1990, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian poet, screenwriter, translator and war correspondent. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1977).

Luhansk
Luhansk (UK: /luːˈhænsk/, US: /-ˈhɑːn-/; Ukrainian: Луганськ, IPA: [lʊˈɦɑnʲsʲk] ⓘ), also known as Lugansk (UK: /-ˈɡæn-/, US: /-ˈɡɑːn-/; Russian: Луганск, IPA: [lʊˈɡansk] ⓘ), is a city in the Donbas in eastern Ukraine. As of 2022, the population was estimated to be 397,677 (2022 estimate), making Luhansk the 12th-largest city in Ukraine.

Luhansk served as the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast, before pro-Russian separatists seized control of the city in 2014 and made it the capital of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic. The Ukrainian administration was located in Sievierodonetsk from 2014 to 2022 during the war in Donbas, due to Ukraine not being in control of Luhansk. Sievierodonetsk was captured by Russia in 2022 and Luhansk Oblast was later annexed by Russia in late 2022.
Destructive testing
In destructive testing (or destructive physical analysis, DPA) tests are carried out to the specimen's failure, in order to understand a specimen's performance or material behavior under different loads.  These tests are generally much easier to carry out, yield more information, and are easier to interpret than nondestructive testing.

Crash test
A crash test is a form of destructive testing usually performed in order to ensure safe design standards in crashworthiness and crash compatibility for various modes of transportation (see automobile safety) or related systems and components.
Nasamones
The Nasamones (Ancient Greek: Νασαμῶνες) mentioned by Herodotus (c. 484–425 BCE), were a nomadic Berber tribe inhabiting the coastal region of the Gulf of Sirte and traveling inland to the oasis of Augila where men lived around a spring of water and migrated at fixed seasons each year. During the summer, they left their flocks by the sea and journeyed to Augila to gather dates from the palm trees where they grew in great abundance. They also hunted locusts, which they dried in the sun, ground into powder, and sprinkled into milk to drink. They were believed to be a Numidian people.

Awjila
Awjila (Arabic: أوجلة, Italian: Augila) is an oasis town in the Al Wahat District in the Cyrenaica region of northeastern Libya. Since classical times it has been known as a place where high quality dates are farmed.  Since the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Islam has played an important role in the community.  The oasis is located on the east-west caravan route between Egypt and Tripoli, Libya, and the north-south route between Benghazi and the Sahel between Lake Chad and Darfur. In the past, it was an important trading center. The people cultivate small gardens using water from deep wells.  Recently, the oil industry has become an increasingly important source of employment.
Sidetic language
Sidetic is a member of the extinct Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is known from legends of coins, found in Side at the Pamphylian coast, that date to the period of approximately the 5th to 3rd centuries BCE, and from two Greek–Sidetic bilingual inscriptions from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE. The Greek historian Arrian in his Anabasis Alexandri (mid-2nd century CE) mentions the existence of a peculiar indigenous language in the city of Side, which is assumed to be the language of the coins and inscriptions.
Sidetic was probably closely related to Lydian, Carian and Lycian.

Sidetic was written with a script of the Anatolian group. The Sidetic alphabet has 31 identified letters, a few of which are clearly derived from Greek.  The script has been partially deciphered, though the phonetic values of many letters are uncertain.

Lycian language
The Lycian language (𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊍𐊆 Trm̃mili) was the language of the ancient Lycians who occupied the Anatolian region known during the Iron Age as Lycia. Most texts date back to the fifth and fourth century BC. Two languages are known as Lycian: regular Lycian or Lycian A, and Lycian B or Milyan.
Lycian became extinct around the beginning of the first century BC, replaced by the Ancient Greek language during the Hellenization of Anatolia. Lycian had its own alphabet, which was closely related to the Greek alphabet but included at least one character borrowed from Carian as well as characters proper to the language. The words were often separated by two points.
Bridgewater Treatises
The Bridgewater Treatises (1833–36) are a series of eight works that were written by leading scientific figures appointed by the President of the Royal Society in fulfilment of a bequest of £8000, made by Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, for work on "the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation."

Despite being voluminous and costly, the series was very widely read and discussed, becoming one of the most important contributions to Victorian literature on the relationship between religion and science.  They made such an impact that Charles Darwin began On the Origin of Species with a quotation from the Bridgewater Treatise of William Whewell.

Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater
Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, FRS, FSA (11 November 1756 – 11 February 1829), known as Francis Egerton until 1823, was a British eccentric from the Egerton family and supporter of natural theology.

Bridgewater was a Church of England clergyman who held the rectories of Myddle (1781) and Whitchurch (1797) in Shropshire, but the duties were performed by a proxy. He succeeded his brother John in the earldom in 1823, and spent the latter part of his life in Paris. He was a fair scholar, and a zealous naturalist and antiquarian. When he died in February 1829 the earldom became extinct.
Shuangpai County
Shuangpai County (simplified Chinese: 双牌县; traditional Chinese: 雙牌縣; pinyin: Shuāngpái Xiàn) is a county in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yongzhou. Shuangpai is also the 3rd smallest administrative unit (after Shaoshan and Guzhang)  by population in the counties and county-level cities of the province.

Located on the southern margin of the province, it is adjacent to the city proper of Yongzhou, and lies to the eastern border of Guangxi. The county is bordered to the north and the northwest by Lingling District, to the east and the southeast by Ningyuan County, and to the southwest and the south by Dao County, Quanzhou County of Guangxi. Shuangpai County covers an area of 1,751 km2 (676 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a permanent resident population of 202,400. The county has 6 towns and 5 townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Shuangbo (泷泊镇).

Shuangbo
25°57′55″N 111°39′30″E﻿ / ﻿25.96528°N 111.65833°E﻿ / 25.96528; 111.65833
Shuangbo Town (Chinese: 泷泊镇; pinyin: Shuāngbó Zhèn) is a town and the county seat in the west central Shuangpai County, Hunan, China. The town was reformed through the amalgamation of Yongjiang Township (Chinese: 永江乡), Shangrenli Township (Chinese: 尚仁里乡), Pingfutou Township (Chinese: 平福头乡), the former  Shuangbo Town and 3 villages of Wulipai Town on November 18, 2015, it has an area of 319.65 km2 (123.42 sq mi) with a population of 101,300 (as of 2015 end).  Its seat is at Dalukou Village (Chinese: 大路口村).
Li Lin (Tang chancellor)
Li Lin (李麟) (694–759), formally Duke De of Bao (褒德公), was a Chinese politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Suzong — although he was commissioned by Emperor Suzong's father Emperor Xuanzong, not Emperor Suzong.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
NuvoTV
NuvoTV (formerly known as Sí TV) was an American cable television network. It was launched on February 25, 2004, and offered to the Latino community with exclusively English-language programming. It ended operations on September 30, 2015, when its programming merged with Fuse; the channel space was replaced with the new music video channel concept, FM.

Fuse (TV channel)
Fuse is an American television channel owned by Fuse Media, LLC, that was originally launched in 1994 as MuchMusic USA, a localized version of the Canadian cable channel MuchMusic, owned by CHUM Limited which was also the parent company of Citytv in Toronto and was dedicated to music-based programming; the channel relaunched under its current branding in 2003. Fuse was acquired by SiTV Media in 2014 and, after merging with the Latino-oriented NuvoTV in 2015, would shift its focus to general entertainment and lifestyle programming targeting multicultural young adults.

By February 2015, Fuse was available to approximately 71,491,000 pay television households (61.4% of households with television) in the United States. With a number of cable operators discontinuing their carriage in the years since, the channel currently has an availability of around 34 million pay television households as of 2022.
History of artisanship in Switzerland
The history of artisanship in Switzerland encompasses the development of manual trades and artisanal production from the Middle Ages through the modern era.

From the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century, artisanship was defined as manual work executed using simple tools. The artisan—acting as both entrepreneur and producer—worked alone or with the assistance of journeymen and apprentices, creating goods either on commission for local clientele or as stock for personal sale. Small enterprises directed by masters dominated the sector. Today, the notion of artisanship includes operations of varying size and technical sophistication, primarily in luxury or art products, manufacturing unique pieces on demand or ensuring the maintenance and repair of industrial articles.

Guilds in Switzerland
Guilds in Switzerland were associations of craftsmen and merchants that emerged in Swiss cities during the Middle Ages and played a significant role in urban economic, political, and social life until their abolition in the 19th century. The emergence of guilds was linked to that of the urban bourgeoisie, which from the end of the 13th century sought to participate in political power.
Hayam Wuruk
Hayam Vuruk (Indonesian: Hayam Wuruk; Sanskrit: हयम् वुरुक्; Javanese: ꦲꦪꦩ꧀ꦮꦸꦫꦸꦏ꧀) (1334–1389), also called Rajasanagara, Pa-ta-na-pa-na-wu, or Bhatara Prabhu after 1350, was a Javanese Hindu emperor from the Rajasa dynasty and the 4th emperor of the Majapahit Empire. Together with his prime minister Gajah Mada, he reigned the empire at the time of its greatest power. During his reign, the Hindu epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, became ingrained in the culture and worldview of the Javanese through the wayang kulit (leather puppets). He was preceded by Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi, and succeeded by his son-in-law Wikramawardhana.

Most of the accounts of his life were taken from the Nagarakretagama, a eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, and the Pararaton ("Book of Kings"), a Javanese historical chronicle.

Nagarakretagama
The Nagarakretagama or Nagarakṛtāgama (Sanskrit: नगरकृतगाम, lit. 'the advanced city'), also known in Bali as Desawarnana or Deśavarṇana (Sanskrit: देशवर्णन, lit. 'country's description'), is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king of the Majapahit Empire.  It was written on lontar as a kakawin by Mpu Prapanca in 1365 (1287 Saka year).  The Nagarakretagama contains detailed descriptions of the Majapahit Empire during its greatest extent.  The poem affirms the importance of Hindu–Buddhism in the Majapahit empire by describing temples and palaces and several ceremonial observances.
Lomen
Lomen or Lome is a village in Vestre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at the north end of the Slidrefjorden, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the east of the village of Ryfoss and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the northwest of the village of Slidre. The historic Lomen Stave Church and the newer Lomen Church are both located in the village. The European route E16 highway runs through the village. The Lomen power plant is located on the west end of the village.

Lomen Stave Church
Lomen Stave Church (Norwegian: Lomen stavkyrkje) is a stave church of the Church of Norway in Vestre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Lomen. It was formerly the church for the Lomen parish which is part of the Valdres prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, wooden church was built in a long church design around the year 1192 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 150 people.
Broke (The Office)
"Broke" is the twenty-fifth episode of the fifth season of the television series The Office and the 97th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 23, 2009. In this episode, Michael learns his paper company is broke, and tries to keep this fact a secret when Dunder Mifflin offers to buy out the Michael Scott Paper Company since the company has stolen most of Dunder Mifflin Scranton's core clients.

The episode was written by Charlie Grandy and directed by Steve Carell, marking his directorial debut. "Broke" was the last of a six-episode arc involving Michael quitting to start the Michael Scott Paper Company; it was also the last of six episodes to prominently feature Idris Elba as Dunder Mifflin V.P. Charles Miner. According to Nielsen ratings, it was watched by 7.21 million viewers, and received the season's lowest rating in the 18–49 age group during its regular timeslot to that point in the season.

Michael Scott (The Office)
Michael Gary Scott is a fictional character in the NBC sitcom The Office, portrayed by Steve Carell. Michael is the regional manager of the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of Dunder Mifflin, a paper company, for the majority of the series. Like his counterpart in the original British version of the show, David Brent, he is characterized as a largely incompetent, unproductive, unprofessional boss, though he is depicted as kinder and occasionally shown to be effective at his job in key moments.

Towards the end of the seventh season, he marries human resources representative Holly Flax and moves to Colorado with her in "Goodbye, Michael", an extended episode. He is then absent from the series until the finale.

Carell received significant critical acclaim for his performance. He was nominated six consecutive times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series (Musical or Comedy) in 2006.
2018–19 SEHA League
The 2018–19 SEHA League season was the eighth season of the SEHA (South East Handball Association) League and fifth under the sponsorship of the Russian oil and gas company Gazprom. Ten teams from seven countries (Belarus, Croatia, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania)  were participating in this year's competition.

Vardar were the defending champions. The SEHA League consists of two phases – the first one has 18 rounds in which all teams played one home and one away games against each other. Afterwards, the four best ranked clubs played on the Final Four tournament.

Final four tournament was held in Brest, Republic of Belarus, on 2nd and 3 April. RK Vardar defeated PPD Zagreb 26–23 in the final to win their fifth title.

RK Vardar
RK Vardar 1961 (Macedonian: РК Вардар 1961) is a professional handball club from Skopje, North Macedonia. Vardar is the most successful handball team in the country, having won 15-fifteen national League titles and 17-seventeen League Cup titles. Vardar is also the most successful team in the regional SEHA League, having won five titles and two EHF Champions League titles.
Chess Today
Chess Today was the first, and longest running, Internet-only daily chess newspaper, having continued virtually uninterrupted from 7 November 2000 through to December 2020. It was distributed to subscribers by e-mail. Each e-mail had the PDF of the newspaper attached, as well as a small collection of recent games. The editor and proprietor of Chess Today was Grandmaster Alexander Baburin. Each edition contained at least one tactical puzzle, an annotated game, and world chess news. Other elements of the publication included 'On This Day', endgame analysis and chess reviews. Chess Today also conducted and printed interviews with at least four former World Chess Champions.

Alexander Baburin
Alexander Evgenyevich Baburin (Russian: Александр Евгеньевич Бабурин, Aleksandr Yevgen'yevich Baburin; born 19 February 1967) is a Russian-Irish grandmaster of chess. He was born in Gorky, and has been living in Dublin, Ireland since 1993. He is editor-in-chief of the e-mail distributed chess newspaper Chess Today and is a coach and author.
Canaseraga, New York
Canaseraga is a village in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 550 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from a creek that flows past the village, which is reportedly a Seneca term for "lying among milkweeds" or "slippery elms".

The village lies in the northern part of the town of Burns at the junction of New York State Route 70 and County Road 13.

Canaseraga Creek
Canaseraga Creek is a stream that flows through Livingston, Steuben, and Allegany Counties in western and central New York. It is a tributary of the Genesee River, and its 334-square-mile (870 km2) watershed is the largest sub-watershed of that river.

The creek's name is of Seneca origin, and was recorded in early records as Ganusgago, Kanuskago, and Caniskrauga. Translations of the name include both "among the milkweeds" and "slippery elms".
5th Royal Lancashire Militia
The 5th Royal Lancashire Militia (5th RLM) was an auxiliary regiment raised in the county of Lancashire in North West England just before the Crimean War. It later became part of the East Lancashire Regiment. Although primarily intended for home defence, it saw two years' active service during the Second Boer War. After conversion to the Special Reserve (SR) under the Haldane Reforms it supplied reinforcements to the fighting battalions during World War I and carried out internal security duties in Ireland. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.

East Lancashire Regiment
The East Lancashire Regiment was, from 1881 to 1958, a line infantry regiment of the British Army. The regiment was formed in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot and 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot with the militia and rifle volunteer units of eastern Lancashire. In 1958 the regiment was amalgamated with the South Lancashire Regiment to form the Lancashire Regiment which was, in 1970, merged with the Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) to form the Queen's Lancashire Regiment. In 2006, the Queen's Lancashire was further amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the King's Regiment (Liverpool and Manchester) to form the present Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border).