hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CycL
CycL in computer science and artificial intelligence, is an ontology language used by Douglas Lenat's Cyc artificial intelligence project. Ramanathan V. Guha was instrumental in designing early versions of the language. A close CycL variant exists named MELD.

The original version of CycL was a frame language, but the modern version is not. Rather, it is a declarative language based on classical first-order logic, with extensions for modal logic operators and higher-order logic quantification.

CycL is used to represent the knowledge stored in the Cyc Knowledge Base, available from Cycorp. The source code written in CycL released with the OpenCyc system is licensed as free and open-source software, to increase its usefulness in supporting the semantic web.

Cyc
Cyc (pronounced /ˈsaɪk/ SYKE) is a long-term artificial intelligence (AI) project that aims to assemble a comprehensive ontology and knowledge base that spans the basic concepts and rules about how the world works. Hoping to capture common sense knowledge, Cyc focuses on implicit knowledge. The project began in July 1984 at MCC and was developed later by the Cycorp company.

The name "Cyc" (from "encyclopedia") is a registered trademark owned by Cycorp. CycL has a publicly released specification, and dozens of HL (Heuristic Level) modules were described in Lenat and Guha's textbook, but the Cyc inference engine code and the full list of HL modules are Cycorp-proprietary.
Titicut Follies
Titicut Follies is a 1967 American direct cinema documentary film produced, written, and directed by Frederick Wiseman and filmed by John Marshall. It deals with the patient-inmates of Bridgewater State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, a Massachusetts Correctional Institution in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. The title is taken from that of a talent show put on by the hospital staff. Titicut is the Wampanoag name for the nearby Taunton River.

The film won accolades in Germany and Italy. Wiseman went on to produce many more such films examining social institutions (e.g. hospitals, police, schools, etc.) in the United States.

In 2022, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

John Marshall (filmmaker)
John Kennedy Marshall (November 12, 1932 – April 22, 2005) was an American anthropologist and acclaimed documentary filmmaker best known for his work in Namibia recording the lives of the Juǀʼhoansi (also called the !Kung Bushmen).
Bomberman Jetters
Bomberman Jetters is a 2002 Japanese anime television series produced by NAS and TV Tokyo and animated by Studio Deen. It is based on the Bomberman video game series created by Hudson Soft. The series has also spawned two manga adaptations and four video games, one of which was released internationally.

Studio Deen
Studio Deen Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社スタジオディーン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Dīn; sometimes stylized as Studio DEEN) is a Japanese animation studio founded in 1975 by former Sunrise producer Hiroshi Hasegawa, along with a team of ex-Sunrise animators. The studio owns three subsidiaries: Danny Donghua (丹尼動画), a Chinese sub-contracting studio; Megumi (め組), a digital work sub-contracting studio; and Umidori (うみどり), a 3DCG sub-contracting studio. Studio Deen has been operating as a subsidiary of IMA Group since April 2011.
Bakhchysarai
Bakhchysarai is a city in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Bakhchysarai Raion (district), as well as the former capital of the Crimean Khanate. Its main landmark is Hansaray, the only extant palace of the Crimean Khans, currently open to tourists as a museum. Population: 27,448 (2014 Census).

Since the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, it has been occupied by the Russian Federation.

Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.
Abbasid dynasty
The Abbasid dynasty, or Abbasids, (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu Abbas, descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) until their conquest by the Ottoman Empire.

Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 566–653 CE) was a paternal uncle and sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid Caliphate in 750.
Lili Boulanger
Marie Juliette Boulanger (French: [maʁi ʒyljɛt bulɑ̃ʒe] ⓘ; 21 August 1893 – 15 March 1918), professionally known as Lili Boulanger (French: [lili bulɑ̃ʒe]), was a French composer and musician, associated with the Symbolist and Impressionist movements. The first woman to win the Grand Prix de Rome composition competition, her older sister was the composer and composition teacher Nadia Boulanger; their father was the composer Ernest Boulanger.

In spite of her short career, critics, composers and audiences have overwhelmingly lauded her œuvre for its mature, introspective, highly innovative and original characteristics. Her notable works include her three psalms for chorus and orchestra, the song-cycle Clairières dans le ciel (to poems by Francis Jammes), the D'un soir triste and D'un matin de printemps diptych, the Vieille prière bouddhique, Pie Jesu, her Prix de Rome cantata Faust et Hélène and various others.

Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome (pronounced [pʁi də ʁɔm]) or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Hum Log (film)
Hum Log (transl. We, The People) is a 1951 Indian Hindi social realist film written and directed by Zia Sarhadi.

Dealing with the trials and tribulations of a middle-class family, the film stars Nutan, Shyama, Durga Khote, Balraj Sahni and Sajjan in lead roles. Nutan earned positive notice for her portrayal of a tuberculosis patient and so did Sahni who played her brother. The film was a commercial success and established Nutan as a rising star in the film industry.

Balraj Sahni
Balraj Sahni (born Yudhishthir Sahni; 1 May 1913 – 13 April 1973) was an Indian film and stage actor, who is best known for Dharti Ke Lal (1946), Hum Log (1951), Do Bigha Zameen (1953), Chhoti Bahen (1959), Kabuliwala (1961), Waqt (1965) and Garm Hava (1973). He was the brother of Bhisham Sahni, the Hindi writer, playwright, and actor. He won a Filmfare Special Award for outstanding contribution to Indian films in 1970.
Song of Songs (Egon Tschirch)
The Song of Songs (German: Das Hohelied Salomos, pronounced [das hoːəˈliːt ˈzaːlomos]) is a expressionist painting cycle created by German painter Egon Tschirch in 1923.

Therein Tschirch interprets the texts of the Song of Songs from the Old Testament. The artwork was lost for more than 90 years until it was rediscovered in 2015.

Egon Tschirch
Egon Tschirch (Rostock, 22 June 1889–5 February 1948) was a German painter and illustrator. 
In the 1920s, he was regarded as one of the most important artists of Mecklenburg. After the 1930s, Tschirch was viewed with skepticism due to his affiliation with National Socialism and being a member of the Nazi Party. In 2015, the rediscovery of a major work of his, his Song of Songs picture cycle, initiated discussion and re-evaluation of the artist and his work.
Victoria Bridge, Worcestershire
The Victoria Bridge crosses the River Severn between Arley and Bewdley in Worcestershire, England. At the time of its construction, the 200-foot railway bridge was the longest single span cast iron bridge in Britain.

The cast-iron arch bridge has four arch ribs each of nine parts bolted together. The arch elements were cast by the Coalbrookdale Company and the bridge was built by Thomas Brassey, Samuel Morton Peto and Edward Betts. Its design is almost identical to the Albert Edward Bridge which spans the Severn at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, both designed by John Fowler.

Opened for traffic on 31 January 1862, the railway line was closed to traffic in 1963. The bridge survived the threat of demolition and was then used by the Severn Valley Railway. In May 1974, heritage passenger services were re-introduced between Alveley Colliery and Bewdley over the Victoria Bridge. It was restored in 2004. The bridge has appeared in several films, including the 1978 film The Thirty-Nine Steps.

Severn Valley Railway
The Severn Valley Railway is a standard-gauge heritage railway in Shropshire and Worcestershire, England. The 16-mile (26 km) single-track line runs from Bridgnorth to Kidderminster, calling at four intermediate stations and three request stops ("halts"), following the course of the River Severn along the Severn Valley for much of its route, and crossing the river on the historic Victoria Bridge. Train services are hauled by a mixture of steam and heritage diesel locomotives and are often composed of restored heritage carriages, though goods trains are run on special occasions. The railway operates most weekends and holidays throughout its running season, it also holds events featuring more intensive operation, such as steam and diesel galas.
Minamiaso Railway Takamori Line
The Takamori Line (高森線, Takamori-sen) is a Japanese railway line in Kumamoto Prefecture, connecting Tateno Station in Minamiaso and Takamori Station in Takamori. It is the only railway line operated by third-sector railway company Minamiaso Railway (南阿蘇鉄道, Minamiaso Tetsudō; "South Aso Railway"). The line traverses the southern part of Mount Aso caldera.

Takamori Station
Takamori Station (高森駅, Takamori-eki) is a train station in Takamori, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is on the Takamori Line, operated by the Minamiaso Railway. Takamori Station is the only staffed station on the Takamori Line.
Paschal Donohoe
Paschal Donohoe (born 19 September 1974) is a former Irish Fine Gael politician who served in the Irish cabinet from 2014 to 2025, most notably as Minister for Finance from 2017 to 2022 and from January to November 2025. He also served as President of the Eurogroup from July 2020 to November 2025. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin Central from 2011 until November 2025. In November 2025, he resigned as Minister for Finance, President of the Eurogroup, and as a TD, to assume a position as Managing Director and Chief Knowledge Officer at the World Bank.

Eurogroup
The Eurogroup is the recognised collective term for the informal meetings of the finance ministers of the eurozone—those member states of the European Union (EU) which have adopted the euro as their official currency. The group has 21 members. It exercises political control over the currency and related aspects of the EU's monetary union such as the Stability and Growth Pact.

The ministers meet in camera a day before a meeting of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) of the Council of the European Union. They communicate their decisions via press and document releases. The group is related to the Council of the European Union (only Eurogroup member states vote on issues relating to the euro in the ECOFIN) and was formalised under the Treaty of Lisbon.
Point Douglas to Superior Military Road
Point Douglas to Superior Military Road, also known as Point Douglas to St. Louis River Military Road was a road that ran between Point Douglas, located at the outlet of the Lower St. Croix Lake near Hastings, Minnesota, first to the falls of the St. Louis River near Thomson, Minnesota, and later extended to the mouth of the St. Louis River in Superior, Wisconsin. From Douglas Point immediately east of Hastings, Minnesota, the route connected Stillwater, Taylors Falls, Sunrise, Chengwatana, Fortuna, Scotts Corner, to Thomson and Superior. Several discontinuous sections of this road are still in use.

Sandstone, Minnesota
Sandstone is a city in Pine County, Minnesota, United States, along the Kettle River. The population was 2,462 at the 2020 census.

Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highways 18 and 23 are three of the main routes in the community.

Banning State Park is nearby.
Princess Consort Shao of Wei
Princess Consort Shao of Wei, also known as Empress Tudan, was the wife of the seventh emperor of the Jurchen-led Chinese Jin dynasty, Wanyan Yongji. After her husband was killed, she was stripped of her title and banished to Zhengzhou.

Wanyan Yongji
Wanyan Yongji (died 11 September 1213), childhood name Xingsheng, was the seventh emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned for about five years from 1208 until 1213, when he was assassinated by the general Heshilie Zhizhong. Despite having ruled as an emperor, Wanyan Yongji was not posthumously honoured as such. Instead, in 1216, his successor, Emperor Xuanzong, reverted his status to "Prince of Wei" (衛王) – the title Wanyan Yongji held before he became emperor – and gave him the posthumous name "Shao" (紹), hence Wanyan Yongji is generally known in historiography as the "Prince Shao of Wei" (or Wei Shao Wang).
Kärdla
Kärdla (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkærˑ'dlɑ]; Swedish: Kärrdalⓘ; German: Kertel) is the only town on the island of Hiiumaa, Estonia. It is the capital of Hiiu County and the administrative center of Hiiumaa Parish. The Chairman of the District Council of Kärdla is Tõnis Paljasma.

Hiiumaa Parish
Hiiumaa Parish (Estonian: Hiiumaa vald) is a rural municipality of Estonia on the island of Hiiumaa. Hiiumaa Parish was established by merging Emmaste Parish, Hiiu Parish, Käina Parish and Pühalepa Parish after the municipal elections held on 15 October 2017. Kärdla is the administrative center of the municipality. The current mayor (vallavanem) is Hergo Tasuja. The municipalities of Emmaste and Pühalepa contested their forced merger with Hiiu and Käina to form the new Hiiumaa municipality, which includes the whole island and what is Hiiu County.
Peggy Sue Got Married (song)
"Peggy Sue Got Married" is a song written and performed by Buddy Holly. It was posthumously released in July 1959 as a 45-rpm single with "Crying, Waiting, Hoping". It refers to his 1957 hit song "Peggy Sue". It was one of the first sequels of the rock era.

In 1986 an eponymous movie was released based on and featuring the song starring Kathleen Turner and Nicolas Cage, directed by Francis Ford Coppola.

Peggy Sue Got Married
Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce, who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960. The film was written by husband-and-wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner.

The film was a box office success and received positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Actress (Turner), Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design. It was also nominated for two Golden Globe Awards: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy (Turner) and Best Picture – Musical or Comedy.

The title of the movie and the name of the main character refer to the 1959 Buddy Holly song of the same title, which is played over the film's opening credits.
Kathy Corrigan
Kathy Corrigan is a Canadian politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 39th and 40th Parliament of British Columbia, from 2009 to 2017. As a member of the BC New Democratic Party, she was elected to represent the riding of Burnaby-Deer Lake in the 2009 provincial election and re-elected in the 2013 election. In both parliaments her NDP formed the official opposition and Corrigan acted as their critic on various issues, including 2010 Winter Olympics, women's issues, public safety, the Solicitor General and advanced education. During both the 2011 and the 2014 NDP leadership elections, Corrigan endorsed John Horgan. At the same time as she served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly, her husband Derek Corrigan served as mayor of Burnaby.

2011 British Columbia New Democratic Party leadership election
The British Columbia New Democratic Party held a leadership election in 2011 to replace departing leader Carole James. The election was prompted by James' announcement on December 6, 2010 that she would be resigning as leader of the party.  The convention was held on April 17, 2011 at the Vancouver Convention Centre with voting occurring by telephone and via internet on that date and through advance voting.

Adrian Dix was elected leader, narrowly defeating rival Mike Farnworth on the third ballot.
South Lake (Jiaxing)
South Lake (Chinese: 南湖; pinyin: Nán Hú; Wu: Noe平Wu平) is a lake in the South of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, and covers an area of 0.54 km2. It is also known as "Mandarin Duck Lake" due to its shape.

Alongside the lake are the ruins of the Misty Rain Tower, which was first built in the 10th century AD. In the year 1548, during the Ming Dynasty, the local government dredged the waterways and piled up the mud into the center of South Lake, forming an islet. The Misty Rain tower was rebuilt on the islet the next year. In the following years, a group of ancient garden-style architectures emerged around it.

The 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was transferred from Shanghai to Jiaxing in 1921 and the final agenda was carried out in a boat on South Lake, which concluded with the establishment of the party.

Jiaxing
Jiaxing (simplified Chinese: 嘉兴; traditional Chinese: 嘉興; pinyin: Jiāxīng; Wade–Giles: Chia-hsing), alternately romanized as Kashing, is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province, China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu to the north. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,400,868 and its built-up (or metro) area made of 2 urban districts was home to 1,518,654 inhabitants.
Sweeney Mountains
The Sweeney Mountains (75°06′S 069°15′W﻿ / ﻿75.100°S 69.250°W﻿ / -75.100; -69.250﻿ (Sweeney Mountains)) are a group of mountains of moderate height and about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) extent, located 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) north of the Hauberg Mountains in eastern Ellsworth Land, Antarctica.

Hauberg Mountains
The Hauberg Mountains (75°52′S 069°15′W﻿ / ﻿75.867°S 69.250°W﻿ / -75.867; -69.250﻿ (Hauberg Mountains)) are a group of mountains of about 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) extent, located 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) north of Cape Zumberge and 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) south of the Sweeney Mountains in eastern Ellsworth Land, Antarctica.
Rachel Montgomery Stokes
Rachel Montgomery Stokes (1776–1862) was an American heiress and landowner who, as the wife of Montford Stokes, served as First Lady of North Carolina from 1830 to 1832. She inherited Morne Rouge Plantation from her father.

Montfort Stokes
Montfort Stokes (March 12, 1762 – November 4, 1842) was an American Democratic (originally Democratic-Republican) politician who served as U.S. Senator from 1816 to 1823, and the 25th Governor of North Carolina from 1830 to 1832.
Bogusław Schaeffer
Bogusław Julian Schaeffer (also Schäffer) (6 June 1929 – 1 July 2019) was a Polish composer, musicologist,  and graphic artist, a member of the avant-garde "Cracow Group" of Polish composers alongside Krzysztof Penderecki and others.

Schaeffer was born in Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine). After studying violin in Opole and graduating with a degree in musical composition under Zdzisław Jachimecki in 1953 at the Academy of Music in Kraków, he became an active composer and musical theoretician. From 1963, he was a lecturer on composition at the Kraków Academy, and he was a professor at the Hochschule für Musik in Salzburg from the mid-1980s to 2000.

Konstancja Kochaniec was one of his students.

Schaeffer's 'Klavierkonzert' was used on the soundtrack of David Lynch's 2006 film Inland Empire. "Solo", a documentary about Schaeffer was released in 2008.

In 2022, American electronic music duo Matmos released an album dedicated to the composer.

Regards/Ukłony dla Bogusław Schaeffer
Regards/Ukłony dla Bogusław Schaeffer is the thirteenth studio album by electronic duo Matmos, released through Thrill Jockey on May 20, 2022. It was assembled from a sample pack the duo created of electroacoustic works by Bogusław Schaeffer.
Dah Shinin'
Dah Shinin' is the debut studio album by American East Coast hip hop duo Smif-N-Wessun. It was released on January 10, 1995, via Wreck/Nervous Records. Recording sessions took place at D&D Studios in New York City. Production was handled by Da Beatminerz. It features a guest appearance from the Boot Camp Clik. The album peaked at number 59 on the Billboard 200. The production is the signature Beatminerz sound which is elevated from their work on Black Moon's 1993 effort Enta da Stage. The album spawned four singles: "Bucktown"/Let's Git It On", "Wrekonize/Sound Bwoy Burriel", "Wrekonize (Remix)/Sound Bwoy Burriel (edit)" and "Wontime". A track known as 'Nothin' Move but The Money' was left of the release of the album due to sample clearance issues and was released on white label as a result.

Smif-N-Wessun
Smif-N-Wessun, also known as Cocoa Brovaz and Tek-N-Steele, is an American hip hop duo from Brooklyn, New York City. It is composed of rappers Tekomin "Tek" Williams (born June 3, 1973) from Bedford–Stuyvesant and Darrell "Steele" Yates (born December 18, 1972) from Brownsville. The duo comprise one quarter of supergroup Boot Camp Clik, together with Buckshot, Heltah Skeltah and Originoo Gunn Clappaz. Both members are known for their Jamaican Patois during their raps, which was more evident during the earlier stages of their career.
Notre-Dame du Taur
Notre-Dame du Taur is a Roman Catholic church located in Toulouse, France. According to legend, the edifice was built on the exact spot where the body of Saint Saturnin (Sernin), patron saint of Toulouse, became detached from the bull that dragged the martyr to his death. The church stands in the rue du Taur between the Capitole and the Basilica of St. Sernin. It has been classified as a historic monument since 1840.

Saturnin
Saturnin of Toulouse (Latin: Saturninus, Occitan: Sarnin, French: Saturnin, Sernin, Catalan: Serni, Sadurní, Galician: Sadurninho and Portuguese: Saturnino, Sadurninho, Basque: Satordi, Saturdi, Zernin, and Spanish: Saturnino, Serenín, Cernín) was one of the "Apostles to the Gauls" sent out (probably under the direction of Pope Fabian, 236–250) during the consulate of Decius and Gratus (250–251) to Christianise Gaul after the persecutions under Emperor Decius had all but dissolved the small Christian communities. Fabian sent out seven bishops from Rome to Gaul to preach the Gospel: Gatien to Tours, Trophimus to Arles, Paul to Narbonne, Saturnin to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to Clermont, and Martial to Limoges. His feast day is 29 November.