hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saul Adadi
Saul Adadi (Hebrew: שאול עבדיה אדאדי, 1850 – September 18, 1918) was a Sephardi Hakham, rosh yeshiva, and paytan in the 19th-century Jewish community of Tripoli, Libya. He was heavily involved in youth education, founding a yeshiva and co-founding and serving as principal of a Talmud Torah. He preserved the pinkasim (community record books) of the Tripoli Jewish community, unpublished manuscripts of 18th-century Tripoli Jewish leader Rabbi Abraham Khalfon, and sefarim belonging to his father, Hakham Abraham Hayyim Adadi, a senior rabbi of the previous generation.

Abraham Hayyim Adadi
Abraham Hayyim Adadi (Hebrew: אברהם חיים אדאדי; 1801 – June 13, 1874) was a Sephardi Hakham, dayan (rabbinical court judge), av beit din (head of the rabbinical court), and senior rabbi of the 19th-century Jewish community of Tripoli, Libya. In his younger years, he lived in Safed, Palestine, and traveled to Jewish communities in the Middle East and North Africa as a shadar (rabbinical emissary) to raise funds for the Safed community. He returned to Safed a few years before his death and was buried there. He published several halakhic works and also recorded the local minhagim (customs) of Tripoli and Safed, providing a valuable resource for scholars and historians.
Grassington
Grassington is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. The population of the parish at the 2011 Census was 1,126. It is situated in Wharfedale, about 8 miles (10 km) north-west from Bolton Abbey, and is surrounded by limestone scenery. Nearby villages include Linton, Threshfield, Hebden, Conistone and Kilnsey.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Linton, North Yorkshire
Linton is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. The population as of the 2011 census was 176. It lies not far from Grassington, just south of the River Wharfe, and is 7 miles (11 km) north of Skipton. Linton Beck runs through the village and then joins the Wharfe at Linton Falls. The beck is crossed by two Grade II listed bridges on the village green, and is overlooked by Fountaine's Hospital, a Grade II* listed chapel and almshouse built in the style of Sir John Vanburgh. There is also a public house, the Fountaine Inn.

St Michael's Church, Linton, stands close to the River Wharfe.
Cressida
Cressida (/ˈkrɛsɪdə/), also rendered Criseida, Cresseid or Criseyde, is a character who appears in many medieval and Renaissance-era retellings of the Trojan War, most notably Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde and William Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida. While her character in the later western tradition was developed from Chryseis, a minor figure in Homer's Iliad, they share few similarities.

Cressida is a Trojan and the daughter of Calchas, a seer who defects and allies himself with the Greeks. During the Trojan War, she falls in love with Prince Troilus, the youngest son of Priam, king of Troy. The pair pledge everlasting love, but when Cressida is sent to the Greeks as part of a hostage exchange, she begins an affair with the Greek warrior Diomedes. Cressida has often been portrayed and interpreted as a femme fatale who leads Troilus to ruin.

Chryseis
Chryseis (/kraɪˈsiːɪs/, Ancient Greek: Χρυσηΐς, romanized: Khrusēís, pronounced [kʰryːsɛːís]) is a Trojan woman in Homer's Iliad, the daughter of Chryses. Chryseis, her apparent name in the Iliad, means simply "Chryses' daughter"; later writers give her real name as Astynome (Ἀστυνόμη). The 12th-century poet Tzetzes describes her task "very young and thin, with milky skin; had blond hair and small breasts; nineteen years old and still a virgin".

As the "golden one" she is also the title-giving character of the Baroque alchemical epic Chryseidos Libri IIII (1631).
Alice Ryan
Alice Doheny (née Ryan; 16 July 1830 – 27 October 1906) was an Irish-Canadian heiress, suffragette, sister of railway magnates Hugh Ryan and John Ryan, and mother of heiress Margaret Isabelle McHenry. The daughter John Patrick Ryan and Margaret Conway, Ryan moved with her family to Montreal, Canada, after her father sold Gortkelly Castle to another branch of the Ryan clan in Tipperary.

Hugh Ryan (railway magnate)
The Honourable Hugh Ryan (July 1832 – 13 February 1899) was an Irish-Canadian railway magnate, industrialist, banker, philanthropist and eldest son of John Patrick Ryan and Margaret Conway. His family immigrated to Montreal, Canada, from Limerick, Ireland, in 1841 during the first wave of Irish-Catholic immigration after selling Gortkelly Castle to another branch of the Ryan clan. He was dubbed "Canada's wealthiest and greatest railroad contractor".
Robert Robinson Taylor
Robert Robinson Taylor (June 8, 1868 – December 13, 1942) was an American architect and educator. Taylor was the first African-American student enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the first accredited African-American architect when he graduated in 1892. He was an early and influential member of the Tuskegee Institute faculty.

A native of Wilmington, North Carolina, Taylor remained in architectural practice in the American South for more than forty years. He was part of what was possibly the nation's first black architecture firm, Taylor and Persley, a partnership founded in July 1920 with Louis H. Persley. He designed many of the early buildings of the Tuskegee Institute, and at several other Historically black colleges and universities. As second-in-command to Booker T. Washington, the Tuskegee Institute's founder, Taylor was instrumental in both campus planning and inventing the school's industrial curriculum.

Louis H. Persley
Louis Hudson Persley (c.1888–1932), was an American architect. Persley became the first African American to register with the new Georgia State Board of Registered Architects on April 5, 1920. He was part of what was possibly the nation’s first black architecture firm, Taylor and Persley, a partnership founded in July 1920 with Robert Robinson Taylor. He had several spellings of his name including Louis Hudison Persley, Lewis H. Persley, and Louis Pursley.
1969 Tour de France
The 1969 Tour de France was the 56th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 28 June and 20 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,117 km (2,558 mi). The participant teams were no longer national teams, but were once more commercially sponsored. The race was won by Eddy Merckx who absolutely dominated the rest of the field. As an example in 1967 nine riders finished within 20:00 of the winner, in 1968 nineteen riders were within 20:00 but in 1969 the 10th place rider was +52:56, the 20th place rider was +1:17:36 and only Roger Pingeon finished inside 20:00 of Merckx.

The 1969 race is the only time that a single cyclist has won the general classification, the points classification and the mountains classification as well. Eddy Merckx rode on the winning team, Faema, and also won the combination classification as well as the combativity award.

1968 Tour de France
The 1968 Tour de France was the 55th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 27 June and 21 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,492 km (2,791 mi). Eleven national teams of 10 riders competed, with three French teams, two Belgian teams and one from Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, and a combined Swiss/Luxembourgian team.

The 1968 Tour marked the first time the race would end at the Vélodrome de Vincennes, replacing the now-defunct Parc des Princes Velodrome which served as the final stop from 1904 to 1967. The general classification was won by Jan Janssen, who overtook Herman Van Springel in the final time trial.
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology (SPIT), officially Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, is an autonomous un-aided Engineering Institute affiliated to University of Mumbai. The college was established in 1995 as an extension of its sister institute, the Sardar Patel College of Engineering, before becoming an independent unaided institute in 2005.  S.P.I.T is one of the premier technical institutions of Maharashtra, offering undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs in engineering and computer applications. Dr. Bhalchandra Chaudhari is the current principal of the institution.

Sardar Patel College of Engineering
Sardar Patel College of Engineering (SPCE) is a government-aided autonomous engineering college located in Mumbai, India. It is affiliated to the University of Mumbai and offers undergraduate (Bachelor) and graduate (Master) degrees in engineering. It is one of the few Mumbai University affiliated colleges that have received Grade 'A' rating from the Government of Maharashtra. The college is supported by government funds, and was granted autonomous status by the UGC in June 2010.

The students and alumni of college are colloquially referred to as SPCEians.
Queensland Energy Resources
Queensland Energy Resources Limited (QERL) is an Australian oil shale mining and shale oil extraction company with the headquarters in Brisbane. It is the developer of the Stuart (Yarwun)  and McFarlane oil shale projects.

Stuart Oil Shale Project
The Stuart Oil Shale Project is an oil shale development project in Yarwun near Gladstone, Queensland, Australia. It is Australia's first major attempt since the 1950s to restart commercial use of oil shale. The project was originally developed by Australian companies Southern Pacific Petroleum NL and Central Pacific Minerals NL (SPP/CPM) and developed now by Queensland Energy Resources.  The original facility built at the end of the 1990s was dismantled and the new demonstration facility started its operations in 2011.
James Smith Bush
James Smith Bush (June 15, 1825 – November 11, 1889) was an American attorney, Episcopal priest, religious writer, and the direct ancestor of the Bush political family. He was the father of business magnate Samuel P. Bush, grandfather of former U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, great-grandfather of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and great-great-grandfather of George W. Bush and Jeb Bush.

Samuel P. Bush
Samuel Prescott Bush  (October 4, 1863 – February 8, 1948) was an American steel industry executive and the patriarch of the Bush family. He was the father of U.S. senator Prescott Bush, the paternal grandfather of former U.S. president George H. W. Bush, and the patrilineal great-grandfather of former president George W. Bush and former Florida governor Jeb Bush.

After graduating from the Stevens Institute of Technology, he established himself as one of the leading industrialists of his era.
Toffoli gate
In logic circuits, the Toffoli gate, also known as the CCNOT gate ("controlled-controlled-not"), invented by Tommaso Toffoli in 1980 is a CNOT gate with two control bits and one target bit. That is, the target bit (third bit) will be inverted if the first and second bits are both 1. It is a universal reversible logic gate, which means that any classical reversible circuit can be constructed from Toffoli gates. There is also a quantum-computing version where the bits are replaced by qubits.

Reversible computing
Reversible computing is any model of computation where every step of the process is time-reversible. This means that, given the output of a computation, it is possible to perfectly reconstruct the input. In systems that progress deterministically from one state to another, a key requirement for reversibility is a one-to-one correspondence between each state and its successor. Reversible computing is considered an unconventional approach to computation and is closely linked to quantum computing, where the principles of quantum mechanics inherently ensure reversibility (as long as quantum states are not measured or "collapsed").
CKOS-TV
CKOS-TV (channel 5) was a television station in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada. The station was in operation from 1958 to 2002 as a private affiliate of CBC Television. It was a twinstick with the city's CTV affiliate CICC-TV.

CICC-DT
CICC-DT (channel 10, cable channel 7) is a television station in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. The station's studios are located on Broadway Street East and 6 Avenue North in Yorkton, and its transmitter is adjacent to Highway 52, west of the city.

CICC-DT operates as a semi-satellite of CKCK-DT in Regina, running the same programming as that station at all times (except for certain commercials and a separate 5 p.m. newscast).
Museology
Museology (also called museum studies or museum science) is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education.

Museum education
Museum education is a specialized field devoted to developing and strengthening the education role of informal education spaces and institutions such as museums.

In a critical report called Excellence and Equity published in 1992 by the American Association of Museums, the educational role of museums was identified as the core to museums' service to the public. As museum education has developed as a field of study and interest in its own right, efforts have been made to record its history and to establish a research agenda to strengthen its position as a discipline in the wider work of museums.
House of Talleyrand-Périgord
The House of Talleyrand-Périgord (pronounced [talɛjʁɑ̃peʁiɡɔʁ]) is an ancient French noble house. A well-known member of this family was Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754–1838), who achieved distinction as a French statesman and diplomat. The family name became extinct in 2003 upon the death of Violette de Talleyrand-Périgord.

Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duke of Sagan
Marie Pierre Louis Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord (August 23, 1859 – October 25, 1937), 5th Duke of Talleyrand and Dino, Prince, then Duke of Sagan, was a French socialite and son of Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord.
Dione (Titaness)
In Greek religion and mythology, Dione (/daɪˈoʊniː/; Ancient Greek: Διώνη, romanized: Diṓnē, lit. 'Zeus feminine') is the goddess of sea, prophecy, magic, health, fertility and lust, primarily known from Book V of Homer's Iliad, where she tends to the wounds suffered by her daughter Aphrodite. Dione is presented either an Titaness, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, or an Oceanid, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was a goddess primarily worshipped at Dodona.

Tethys (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Tethys (/ˈtiːθɪs, ˈtɛ-/; Ancient Greek: Τηθύς, romanized: Tēthýs) was one of the Titans, the children of Uranus (Sky) and Gaia (Earth), the sister and wife of the Titan Oceanus, and the mother of the river gods and the Oceanids. Although Tethys had no active role in Greek mythology and no established cults, she was depicted in mosaics decorating baths, pools, and triclinia in the Greek East, particularly in Antioch and its suburbs, either alone or with Oceanus.
Blacklock (horse)
Blacklock (1814 – 24 February 1831) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse who won seventeen of his twenty-three races. As a two-year-old in 1816 he was undefeated in three starts. In his first race as a three-year-old he finished second in the St. Leger, a neck behind Ebor. He then won four races in two weeks, including the Gascoigne Stakes and Dundas Stakes. In 1818 he recorded several wins including two of the Great Subscription Purses at York. He won a third Great Subscription Purse in 1819, along with the York Gold Cup. After retiring from racing, Blacklock became a successful stallion and was champion sire of Great Britain in 1829, the year his son Voltaire won the Doncaster Cup. He was owned by Thomas Kirby as a two-year-old, before being purchased by Richard Watt, who owned him for the remainder of his racing career. Blacklock was trained by Tommy Sykes.

Ebor (horse)
Ebor (1814–1822) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1817. Bred, trained and raced in Yorkshire, Ebor was lightly campaigned, running only six times in a three-year racing career which was confined to the meetings at York and Doncaster. He won four times, one of these being a walkover. His St Leger win (his only important success) saw him upset the favourite Blacklock in a dramatic and controversial finish. After his retirement he became a breeding stallion but died before he could make an impact at stud.
Zhang Jianzhi (Tang dynasty)
Zhang Jianzhi (張柬之) (625 – 706), courtesy name Mengjiang (孟將), formally Prince Wenzhen of Hanyang (漢陽文貞王), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong.  He was a key figure in the coup (Shenlong Coup) that overthrew Wu Zetian and restored Emperor Zhongzong in 705 but was later exiled due to false accusations instigated by Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi and died in exile.

Wu Sansi
Wu Sansi (died August 7, 707), known posthumously as Prince Xuan of Liang (梁宣王), was a Chinese prince and politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties. Wu Sansi served as a chancellor and imperial prince during the reign of his aunt, Empress Wu Zetian of Zhou, and was again a powerful chancellor during the second reign of Empress Wu's son, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang. He was aided in navigating the fraught period that followed Emperor Zhongzong's restoration by successive affairs with the influential consort Shangguan Wan'er and the powerful Empress Wei. Although he amassed significant authority and enjoyed the trust of Emperor Zhongzong, he was killed during an unsuccessful rebellion by the crown prince Li Chongjun in 707.
Ruth Fischer
Ruth Fischer (11 December 1895 – 13 March 1961) was an Austrian and German Communist, and a co-founder of the Austrian Communist Party (KPÖ) in 1918. Along with her partner Arkadi Maslow, she led the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) through both the May 1924 and December 1924 federal elections. After being removed from the KPD, she became involved with various anti-Stalinist left-wing groups, and would remain a staunch anti-Stalinist activist for the rest of her life.

Arkadi Maslow
Arkadi Maslow, born Isaak Yefimowich Chemerinsky (March 9, 1891 – November 20, 1941), was a communist politician in the German Republic, Along with his partner Ruth Fischer, he was a leading figure in the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) through both the May 1924 and December 1924 federal elections.
London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)
London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona, United States. When it was built in the 1830s, it spanned the River Thames in London, England. In 1968, the bridge was purchased from the City of London by Robert P. McCulloch.  However, McCulloch only had the exterior granite blocks from the original bridge cut and transported to the United States for use in the construction of a new bridge in Lake Havasu City, a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu. The only parts of the “New London Bridge” that made it to Arizona were the exterior masonry. The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge.  The bridge was completed in 1971 (along with the Bridgewater Channel Canal, separating the peninsula from the mainland), and links mainland Lake Havasu City with Pittsburgh Point.  The "rededication" of London Bridge took place on October 10, 1971.

Lake Havasu City, Arizona
Lake Havasu City (/ˈhɑːvəsuː/, HAH-və-soo) is a city in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 57,144, up from 52,527 in 2010. It is served by Lake Havasu City Airport.
Phantasm: Ravager
Phantasm: Ravager (sometimes stylised as Phantasm: RaVager, and also known as Phantasm V: Ravager) is a 2016 American science fantasy action horror film written and directed by David Hartman. The film stars A. Michael Baldwin, Reggie Bannister, and Angus Scrimm in his final appearance as the Tall Man. It serves as a sequel to Phantasm IV: Oblivion (1998) and is the fifth and final installment in the Phantasm franchise. It marks the only film in the series not directed by Don Coscarelli, although he acts as producer and cowriter.

Tall Man (Phantasm)
The Tall Man (Jebediah Morningside) is a fictional character and the main antagonist of the Phantasm franchise of horror films. The Tall Man first appeared in the first Phantasm in 1979, and his most recent appearance in the film Phantasm: Ravager in 2016. In all of his film appearances, the Tall Man has been portrayed by Angus Scrimm.
Tung Chung Fort
Tung Chung Fort is a fort located near Tung Chung, on Lantau Island, in Hong Kong. Close to Tung Chung Road, the fort is surrounded by the villages of Sheung Ling Pei (上嶺皮) and Ha Ling Pei (下嶺皮). It has a companion Tung Chung Battery on the coast.

Tung Chung Battery
Tung Chung Battery is a former artillery battery located on Lantau Island in Hong Kong.  Named after the eponymous district it is situated in, it was built in 1817, twenty-four years before the British took possession of Hong Kong.  It was rediscovered in 1980 and is a declared monument of Hong Kong.
Leo II (emperor)
Leo II (Ancient Greek: Λέων, Leōn; c. 467 – 474), called the Younger, briefly reigned as a child emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire from 473 to 474. He was the son of Zeno, the Isaurian general and future emperor, and Ariadne, a daughter of the emperor Leo I (r. 457–474). Leo II was made co-emperor with his grandfather Leo I on 17 November 473, and became sole emperor on 18 January 474 after Leo I died of dysentery. His father Zeno was made co-emperor by the Byzantine Senate on 29 January, and they co-ruled for a short time before Leo II died in late 474. He is sometimes surnamed with the epithet "the Small" (Latin: Minor; Ancient Greek: ὁ Μικρός), probably to distinguish him from his grandfather and augustus Leo I (Ancient Greek: ὁ Μέγας, romanized: ho Mégas, lit. 'the Great').

Leo I (emperor)
Leo I (Ancient Greek: Λέων, romanized: Leōn; c. 401 – 18 January 474), also known as the Thracian (Latin: Thrax; Ancient Greek: ὁ Θρᾷξ), was Eastern Roman emperor from 457 to 474. He was a native of Dacia Aureliana near historic Thrace. He is sometimes surnamed with the epithet the Great (Latin: Magnus; Ancient Greek: ὁ Μέγας), probably to distinguish him from his young grandson and co-augustus Leo II (Ancient Greek: ὁ Μικρός, romanized: ho Mikrós, lit. 'the Small').

During his 17-year rule, he oversaw a number of ambitious political and military plans, aimed mostly at aiding the faltering Western Roman Empire and recovering its former territories. He is notable for being the first Eastern Emperor to legislate in Koine Greek rather than Late Latin. He is commemorated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 20 January.
Weighted fair queueing
Weighted fair queueing (WFQ) is a  network scheduling algorithm. WFQ is both a packet-based implementation of the generalized processor sharing (GPS) policy, and a natural extension of fair queuing (FQ). Whereas FQ shares the link's capacity in equal subparts, WFQ allows schedulers to specify, for each flow, which fraction of the capacity will be given.

Weighted fair queuing is also known as packet-by-packet GPS (PGPS or P-GPS) since it approximates generalized processor sharing "to within one packet transmission time, regardless of the arrival patterns."

Fair queuing
Fair queuing is a family of scheduling algorithms used in some process and network schedulers. The algorithm is designed to achieve fairness when a limited resource is shared, for example to prevent flows with large packets or processes that generate small jobs from consuming more throughput or CPU time than other flows or processes.

Fair queuing is implemented in some advanced network switches and routers.